bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine-induced hyponatremia in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology, factors and prognosis
Authors: Phiri Emmanuel Chileshe , Tango Tamara , Olobatoke Tunde A , Maroo Bhavya Ratan , Mpokota Racheal , Bouche Djatche Wesley Harrisson , Mukambo Emmanuel , Chiazo Ugwoke Franklin , Mugenyi Nathan , Mduma Emmanuel , Kyaruzi Victor Meza , Shimber Emnet Tesfaye , Gankpe Fortune G , Esene Ignatius , Hassen Getaw 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common brain dysfunction due to an external force as opposed to disease-induced brain damage. TBI is a leading global cause of high morbidity and mortality rates in the neurosurgical department. It contributes to ~30% of deaths related to brain damage. A common complication of TBIs is hyponatremia secondary to neuroendocrine causes, including syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), cerebral salt wasting syndrome and adrenal insufficiency. Most recent studies suggest SIADH as the main cause of hyponatremia in TBI. This study aims to evaluate the effects of neuroendocrine-induced hyponatremia on the prognosis of TBI, demonstrate the epidemiology of hyponatremia in patients with TBI, assess all possible etiologies of hyponatremia in TBI, determine the prognostic outcomes of hyponatremia in TBI and determine the effect of hyponatremia on the prognosis of severe and moderate TBI. This study is in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guideline. A 10-year retrospective analysis of original published studies from January 2013 to January 2023 will be performed. This study will include the adult TBI patients (age ≥ 18 years old) who developed neuroendocrine-induced hyponatremia and original studies, randomized control trials, case controls, cohort studies and studies in English language. This study excludes the pediatric population and animal studies. For information sources, several electronic databases, including EMBASE, Pubmed, SCOPUS and Cochrane, will be searched. No ethical approval is required since the study does not involve human subject participation. However, the study findings will be applied for dissemination at scientific conferences and the manuscript will be submitted for publication to a reputable peer review journal. The research protocol is registered with PROSPERO registration No. CRD42023391854 and is available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023391854.
The Case for Developing a Movement System Framework for Older Adults
Authors: Lusardi Michelle M , Hartley Gregory W , Leach Susan J , Gras Laura Z , Larkin Marni , Miller Kenneth L , Quiben Myles 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Leaders and scholars from multiple academies of the American Physical Therapy Association are developing and defining movement system diagnoses to guide practice. However, there is no consensus on the need for or content of such frameworks. This Perspective describes current thought about movement system diagnoses in physical therapy and summarizes the work of the Academy of Geriatrics (APTA Geriatrics) Movement System Diagnosis Task Force (GMS-TF) as it contributes to the movement system diagnosis discussion within the profession. Initially convened to define movement system diagnostic labels unique to older adults, the GMS-TF’s developmental process identified the need for a clearer diagnostic framework onto which specific diagnoses will later be added. Although The World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model is a strong foundation for the patient–client management model, the GMS-TF proposes formal incorporation of the Geriatric 5Ms (mobility, medications, memory, multi-complexity, and “what matters most”) into a movement system framework for older adults. The GMS-TF concurs with the APTA Academy of Neurology Movement System Task Force proposal that observation and analysis of key functional tasks are the foundation of any examination of older adults. The GMS-TF suggests adding several additional movement tasks that are important for older adults. The GMS-TF believes that this strategy highlights the health care needs of older adults and prioritizes physical therapist care for older adults with complex needs. This Perspective is the foundation for a future movement system diagnosis model for older adults that will complement and facilitate the development of models of care to be applied across the lifespan.
Protective impacts of Withania somnifera leaf extract from Taif area against diclofenac induced hepato-renal toxicity: role of antioxidants, inflammation, apoptosis, and anti-oxidative stress biomarkers
Authors: Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Elshehawei Ahmed M , Althobaiti Saed , Sayed Samy M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Current study examined the boosting impacts of Withania somnifera leaf extract from Taif area (high-altitude area) against hepatic and renal toxicity induced by diclofenac in experimental rats. Withania is highly grown on Taif area as environmental herb with multiple functions. Diclofenac is non-steroidal medication used for treatment of pain but over dose has severe side effects. Thirty-two adult Wistar rats of male type were subdivided into 4 groups. The control rats (group 1) received saline. Second group received diclofenac (50 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally) at days 4 and 5. Third group received W. somnifera leaf extract (250 mg /kg body weight) for 6 days. The fourth protective group, received W. somnifera leaf extract plus diclofenac for 6 days as shown in groups 2 and 3. Diclofenac significantly increased serum AST, ALT, and decreased albumin and total proteins levels. It also increased serum concentrations of uric acid and creatinine. In addition, it increased lipid peroxidation, and decreased reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. Diclofenac increased inflammatory cytokines secretion and up-regulated hepatic oxidative stress genes (HO-1; hemoxygenase-1 and Nrf2nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and renal inflammatory transcriptional markers (TGF-β1; transforming growth factor-beta1 and COX-2; cycloxygenas-2). In parallel, hepatic caspase-3 expression was up-regulated as an apoptotic marker, while Bcl2; (B-cell lymphoma 2) mRNA expression was down regulated as anti-apoptotic marker. W. somnifera pre-administration in the protective group ameliorated the altered parameters induced by diclofenac. In conclusion, W. somnifera leaf extract has the potential to antagonize side effects of diclofenac by regulating the pathways of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis/antiapoptosis.
Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients on Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Kaplan Tyler M. , Hammer Jon D. , Kohli Darrel , Pacheco Johann M. , Hodge David O. , Khanna Cheryl L. , Sit Arthur J. , Roddy Gavin W. 
Published: July 2023

Précis:
When comparing patients on systemic immunosuppressive therapy to those without, there was no difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) early after SLT; however, at 1 year following SLT, IOP was higher in the immunosuppression group compared with controls.

Purpose:
To determine whether patients taking systemic immunosuppressive medications have a different IOP-lowering response to selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) compared with a control group of patients.

Methods:
All patients who underwent SLT at Mayo Clinic 2017–2021 were identified. Patients on systemic immunosuppressive medications at the time of SLT were compared with control patients not receiving systemic immunosuppressive medications. The primary endpoints of this study were the percentage IOP reduction at 1 to 2, 3 to 6, and 12 months. Additional analyses included the percentage of patients who did not require additional therapy at each time point.

Results:
There were 108 eyes of 72 patients that underwent SLT in the immunosuppressed group and 1997 eyes of 1417 patients in the control group. There was no significant difference in age-adjusted change in IOP between groups at the first postoperative visit 1 to 2 months following SLT (−18.8±20.7% vs. −16.0±16.5%, P=0.256) or 3–6 months following SLT (−15.2±21.6% vs. −18.3±23.2%, P=0.062). However, at 12 months following SLT, the IOP reduction in the immunosuppressive therapy group was significantly less compared with the control group (−15.1±21.2% vs. −20.3±22.9%, P=0.045). There was no difference between groups in the number of additional treatments during the study intervals.

Conclusion:
Patients in the systemic immunosuppressive therapy group showed equivalent early IOP-lowering after SLT compared with a control group, but the treatment response was diminished at 1 year. Further studies investigating IOP regulation after SLT in immunosuppressed patients are needed.
Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine Failure in Portugal: A Nationwide Multicenter Pediatric Survey
Authors: Marques José Gonçalo , Inácio Cunha Florbela Maria , Bajanca-Lavado Maria Paula ,   on behalf of the Portuguese Study Group on Haemophilus influenzae Invasive Disease in Children
Published: July 2023

Background:
Despite the high effectiveness of the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in preventing invasive disease (ID) in children, Hib vaccine failures (VFs) cases may still occur. This study aimed to characterize the Hib-VF cases in Portugal in a 12-year period and trying to identify the possible associated risk factors.

Methods:
Prospective descriptive nationwide surveillance study. Bacteriologic and molecular studies were performed at the same Reference Laboratory. Clinical data were collected by the referring pediatrician.

Results:
Hib was identified in 41 children with ID and 26 (63%) were considered VF. Nineteen (73%) cases occurred in children less than 5 years old; 12 (46%) occurred before the Hib vaccine booster dose at 18 months of age. Comparing the first and the last 6-year periods of the study, the incidence rate of Hib, VF and total H. influenzae (Hi) ID significantly raised (P < 0.05). VF cases corresponded, respectively, to 13.5% (7/52) and 22% (19/88) of total Hi-ID cases (P = 0.232). Two children died due to epiglottitis and 1 acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Only 1 child had an inborn error of immunity. The immunologic workup performed in 9 children revealed no significant abnormalities. All 25 Hib-VF strains analyzed belonged to the same clonal complex 6.

Conclusions:
In Portugal, more than 95% of children are vaccinated against Hib, but severe Hib-ID cases still occur. No predisposing factors were clearly identified to justify the increased number of VF in recent years. Along with continued Hi-ID surveillance, Hib colonization and serologic studies should be implemented.
Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Children With Nonsevere Tuberculosis in Spain
Authors: Hernanz-Lobo Alicia , Noguera-Julian Antoni , Minguell Laura , López-Suárez Andrea , Soriano-Arandes Antoni , Espiau Maria , Colino Gil Elena , López Medina Eva María , Bustillo-Alonso Matilde , Aguirre-Pascual Elisa , Baquero-Artigao Fernando , Calavia Garsaball Olga , Gomez-Pastrana David , Falcón-Neyra Lola , Santiago-García Begoña 
Published: July 2023

Background:
To assess the prevalence and characteristics of nonsevere TB among children in Spain. It has been recently demonstrated that these children can be treated with a 4-month regimen instead of the classical 6-month treatment regimen, with the same effectivity and outcomes, decreasing toxicity and improving adherence.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a cohort of children ≤16 years of age with TB. Nonsevere TB cases included smear-negative children with respiratory TB confined to 1 lobe, with no significant airway obstruction, no complex pleural effusion, no cavities and no signs of miliary disease, or with peripheral lymph-node disease. The remaining children were considered to have severe TB. We estimated the prevalence of nonsevere TB and compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes between children with nonsevere and severe TB.

Results:
A total of 780 patients were included [46.9% males, median age 5.5 years (IQR: 2.6–11.1)], 477 (61.1%) of whom had nonsevere TB. Nonsevere TB was less frequent in children <1 year (33% vs 67%; P < 0.001), and >14 years of age (35% vs 65%; P = 0.002), mostly diagnosed in contact tracing studies (60.4% vs 29.2%; P < 0.001) and more frequently asymptomatic (38.3% vs 17.7%; P < 0.001). TB confirmation in nonsevere disease was less frequent by culture (27.0% vs 57.1%; P < 0.001) and by molecular tests (18.2% vs 48.8%; P < 0.001). Sequelae were less frequent in children with nonsevere disease (1.7 vs 5.4%; P < 0.001). No child with nonsevere disease died.

Conclusions:
Two-thirds of children had nonsevere TB, mostly with benign clinical presentation and negative microbiologic results. In low-burden countries, most children with TB might benefit from short-course regimens.
Pott’s Puffy Tumor in Pediatric Patients: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Klivitsky Amir , Erps Amir , Regev Asaf , Ashkenazi-Hoffnung Liat , Pratt Li-tal , Grisaru-Soen Galia 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Pott’s puffy tumor (PPT) is a rare complication of frontal sinusitis. Although it may occur at any age, the incidence is higher during adolescence.

Methods:
We report a series of 10 pediatric patients (9–17 years of age) who presented with PPT in 2 tertiary care pediatric hospitals in central Israel between January 2018 and August 2022 and review the published literature on pediatric PPT.

Results:
The most common clinical presentations included headache (10 cases), frontal swelling (6 cases) and fever (5 cases). Symptom duration before admission was between 1 and 28 days (median 10 days). The diagnosis of PPT was made by imaging studies at a median of 1 day after admission. All 10 patients underwent computed tomography studies, and 6 patients also underwent magnetic resonance imaging. The overall rate of intracranial complications was 70%. All 10 children were treated with systemic antibiotics and surgical interventions. Streptococcus constellatus group was the most common causal bacteria. All 10 patients recovered uneventfully.

Conclusions:
Our findings show that a high index of suspicion for PPT should be applied to adolescents presenting with prolonged headache and frontal swelling. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is an appropriate first tool for the evaluation; however, an magnetic resonance imaging should be performed to determine the necessity of intracranial interventional treatments if there is any suspicion of intracranial involvement. Complete recovery can be expected with appropriate antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention in most of the cases.
Performance Trajectory Related to Age, Classification, and Sex in Elite Kayak Para Canoe Athletes
Authors: Ribeiro Neto Frederico , Fernandes Vara Maria de Fátima , Rodrigues Dorneles Jefferson , Gomes Costa Rodrigo Rodrigues 
Published: July 2023

Objective
The aim of the study is to verify the performance trajectory related to age, classification (KL: kayak level; M: male; F: female), and sex of elite kayak Para canoe athletes.

Design
This is a retrospective cohort study.

Results
Race results and athletes' data were retrieved from publicly available online databases for 17 competitions and 102 finals between 2015 and 2022. Race time reduced over the years except for KL3-M class. There was a reduction in the relative difference between KL2-M and KL3-M over the years (r = −0.83, 95% confidence interval = −0.34 to −0.97, P ≤ 0.05). In addition, no significant differences were found in race times relative differences between KL2-F and KL3-F over the years. Although the correlation between age and performance was only found to be statistically significant in the KL3-F class, the ages of all classes (35.2, 32.6, 29.5, 34.6, 37.6, and 30.6 yrs for males and females KL1, KL2, and KL3, respectively) were higher than those in Olympic canoeing (27.8 yrs).

Conclusions
Race times have improved overall since 2015, but not for the KL3-M class. Nevertheless, because of the stochastic ages of the finalist athletes, it was not possible to determine the age at which peak performance is achieved in all classes. Kayak Para canoe classes should be monitored in the coming years to determine whether interventions are necessary to improve differentiation.
Gender and Racial Representation of Invited Speakers From The Aesthetic Society Annual Meetings Over a 5-Year Period
Authors: Finkelstein Emily R. , Ha Michael , Anderson Jonathan , Akhavan Arya Andre , Yoon Joshua , Furnas Heather , Slezak Sheri , Rasko Yvonne M. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Increased representation from both women and non-White ethnicities remains a topic of discussion in plastic surgery. Speakers at academic conferences are a form of visual representation of diversity within the field. This study determined the current demographic landscape of aesthetic plastic surgery and evaluated whether underrepresented populations receive equal opportunities to be invited speakers at The Aesthetic Society meetings.

Methods
Invited speaker's names, roles, and allotted time for presentation were extracted from the 2017 to 2021 meeting programs. Perceived gender and ethnicity were determined by visual analysis of photographs, whereas parameters of academic productivity and professorship were collected from Doximity, LinkedIn, Scopus, and institutional profiles. Differences in opportunities to present and academic credentials were compared between groups.

Results
Of the 1447 invited speakers between 2017 and 2021, 20% (n = 294) were women and 23% (n = 316) belonged to a non-White ethnicity. Representation from women significantly increased between 2017 and 2021 (14% vs 30%, P < 0.001), whereas the proportion of non-White speakers did not (25% vs 25%, P > 0.050) despite comparable h-indexes (15.3 vs 17.2) and publications (54.9 vs 75.9) to White speakers. Non-White speakers oftentimes had more academic titles, significant in 2019 (P < 0.020).

Conclusions
The proportion of female invited speakers has increased, with room for further improvement. Representation from non-White speakers has not changed. However, significantly more non-White speakers holding assistant professor titles may indicate increased ethnicity diversity in years to come. Future efforts should focus on improving diversity in positions of leadership while promoting functions that target young minority career individuals.
Physical Exercise and Serum BDNF Levels: Accounting for the Val66Met Polymorphism in Older Adults
Authors: Bugge Kambestad Oda , Sirevåg Kristine , Mrdalj Jelena , Hovland Anders , Bruun Endal Trygve , Andersson Eva , Sjøbø Trond , Haukenes Stavestrand Silje 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, which can be measured in blood serum, has been found to increase with aerobic exercise. The link between BDNF level, physical exercise, and genetic status (Val66Met polymorphism) has not been well researched in older adults.

Objective:
To investigate the possible link between BDNF expression, acute aerobic exercise, and the Val66Met polymorphism in older adults.

Method:
Twenty-three healthy older adults participated in one session of acute aerobic exercise. Their serum BDNF levels were measured both at baseline and post exercise. Saliva samples were collected to identify each individual’s genetic status.

Results:
At baseline, the individuals’ mean serum BDNF level was 16.03 ng/mL (Val66Val = 15.89 ng/mL; Val66Met = 16.34 ng/mL); post exercise, the individuals’ mean serum BDNF level was 16.81 ng/mL (Val66Val = 16.14 ng/mL; Val66Met = 18.34 ng/mL).

Conclusion:
One session of acute aerobic exercise significantly increased the individuals’ mean serum BDNF level. Males had higher BDNF levels than females. There was a significant interaction between gender and BDNF expression post exercise and a significant between-group effect of gender. The Val66Met carriers had a more positive response to the acute aerobic exercise compared with the Val66Val carriers, although without a significant difference between the two groups.
Comparative analysis of virulence factors at the genomic level in SARS-CoV and COVID 19
Authors: Chipurupalli Alikya , Rathore Rohit , Kusradze Ia , Karumidze Natia 
Published: July 2023

The COVID 19 pandemic has been a catastrophic incidence in the year 2020. This will be remembered in the history of mankind. The rate at which the viral infection has spread is remarkable and needs control. It has been noted to spread even in the asymptomatic phase of the disease and has been tilted towards the older genre. Previously SARS-CoV belonging to the same family had emerged in 2003, but this time a more infectious strain has arisen which led to more than 7.5 million cases and 425 thousand deaths. What must have been the adaptations of the novel coronavirus for the zoonotic spillover? The question of the exact origin remains unanswered. Even after so many advancements in medical science, the vaccine is yet in the trial phase. The main causative factor cannot be limited to the genetic mutations but also to the environmental factors which have led to the development of increased virulence. This paper presents the main differences between the major pathogenic proteins between SARS-CoV and SARS –CoV 2 and formulates a hypothesis of why these two being closely related are still not the same and therefore these small differences need to be taken into account for vaccine development or for targeting drugs. It has been a trend to see a pandemic every 100 years. These small differences might predict future changes and may lead to concrete investigations in terms of the exact mechanisms of most of the proteins with unknown functions.