bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis comparing the effects of cemented and uncemented prostheses on wound infection and pain in patients with femoral neck fractures
Authors: Xu Ze , Zhang Ke , Cheng Kai , Sun Guangwei , Zhang Yaning , Jia Jian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo providing evidence‐based recommendations for surgery in patients with femoral neck fractures, a meta‐analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the effects of cemented and uncemented prostheses on postoperative surgical site wound infection and pain in these patients. Relevant studies on the use of cemented prostheses in femoral neck fractures were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Ovid, CNKI, and Wanfang databases from the time of their establishment until March 2023. Two authors independently screened and extracted data from the included and excluded literature according to predetermined criteria. Review Manager 5.4 software was used to perform meta‐analyses on the collected data. A total of 27 articles comprising 34 210 patients (24 646 cases in the cemented group and 9564 cases in the uncemented group) were included in the final analysis. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that, compared with the uncemented group, cemented prostheses significantly reduced the incidence of surgical site wound infections (odds ratio [OR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–0.88, p < 0.001) and relieved surgical site wound pain (standardised mean difference: −0.76, 95% CI: −1.12–0.40, p < 0.001), but did not reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers after surgery (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.20–1.26, p = 0.140). Therefore, existing evidence suggests that the use of cemented prostheses in femoral neck fracture surgery can significantly reduce the incidence of surgical site wound infections and relieve surgical site wound pain, which is worthy of clinical recommendation.
Are current wound classifications valid for predicting prognosis in people treated for limb‐threatening diabetic foot ulcers?
Authors: Chang Ya‐Chu , Huang Yu‐Yao , Hung Shih‐Yuan , Yeh Jiun‐Ting , Lin Cheng‐Wei , Chen I‐Wen , Wei Hung‐Hui , Yang Hui‐Mei , Huang Chung‐Huei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate whether the current wound classifications were valid for the treatment prognosis of subjects treated for limb‐threatening diabetic foot ulcers (LTDFU). A total of 1548 patients with LTDFU and infection were studied, with wounds recorded using the Wagner, Texas, PEDIS and WIfI classifications while major lower extremity amputations (LEAs) or in‐hospital mortality incidences were defined as poor outcomes. Among them, 153 (9.9%) patients received major LEAs and 38 (2.5%) patients died. After adjustments, the Wagner classification and Texas stage as well as clinical factors such as comorbidity with major adverse cardiac events (MACE), being under dialysis and having serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and albumin were independent factors for prognosis. For patients without dialysis, Wagner and Texas stage stood out independently for prognosis. For patients on dialysis, only levels of CRP (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2 in Wagner, OR = 2.0 in WIfI, OR = 2.2 in Texas, OR = 2.3 in PEDIS) and albumin (OR = 0.4 in four classifications) were valid predictors. The Wagner system and Texas stage were valid for predicting prognosis in treatment for LTDFUs, suggesting a role of vascular perfusion. MACE history, levels of CRP and albumin level should assist in prediction; more significantly, only levels of CRP and albumin appeared valid for those subjects undergoing dialysis.
Solid particle erosion in ceramic matrix composites and environmental barrier coatings: A perspective
Authors: Presby Michael J. , Stokes Jamesa L. , Harder Bryan J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCeramic matrix composites (CMCs) and environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are key technologies that can enable improvements in the thermal and propulsive efficiency of gas turbine engines. However, CMCs and EBCs are susceptible to various life limiting damage modes associated with the engine operating environment such as oxidation, recession, thermomechanical stress/strain, corrosion, foreign object damage (FOD), and solid particle erosion (SPE). Despite its importance, there is a limited understanding of the SPE behavior of CMCs and EBCs in the literature. This paper reviews the status of SPE research for CMCs and EBCs and provides a perspective towards future research.
Deviation scores: An innovative approach to interpreting cognitive test results for individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Talapatra Devadrita , Snider Laurel , Coleman Jeanine , Thompson Talia , Reinhardt Jessica S. , Hessl David , Riley Karen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudents with Intellectual Disability undergo frequent cognitive testing. Testing with this population is limited by insensitivity to relative strengths and weaknesses due to floor effects.AimThe study explored the utility of deviation scores via four case studies as a supplement to educational decision‐making.MethodsFour students with Intellectual Disability completed cognitive testing. Deviation scores were calculated using age dependent raw z‐score transformations to determine deviation from the standardization sample norms.ResultsThe application of deviation scores highlighted true relative strengths and weaknesses for students with Intellectual Disability rather than documenting previously known deficits. The four cases studies illustrated where deviation scores could, or could not, add value above and beyond traditional scoring.DiscussionDeviation scores can supplement placement and service decisions for students. Practical and psychometric considerations are reviewed.ConclusionThe findings highlight the usefulness of deviation scores in providing meaningful information to school‐ and clinic‐based practitioners.
Sex differences in clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in patients admitted for ventricular tachycardia: 2016–2018
Authors: Prasitlumkum Narut , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Kaewput Wisit , Thongprayoon Charat , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Jongnarangsin Krit , Nademanee Koonlawee 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe concurrent data on sex disparities in VT management and outcomes have remained unclear. Therefore, our objective was to determine the impact of sex on ventricular tachycardia (VT) management and outcomes in patients admitted with VT, dervied from the US National Inpatient Sample database (NIS).MethodsWe used data from the US NIS to identify hospitalized adult patients who were admitted with VT between 2016 and 2018. Regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of sex on VT management, in‐hospital mortality, complications, length of stay, and hospitalization costs.ResultsOf the database, a total of 146 070 patients, who were primarily hospitalized for VT, were approximated. Among these, women comprised 25.5%; they were significantly younger and had fewer comorbidities. Of procedural aspects, women were less likely to receive an angiogram, mechanical support, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator implantation, and VT ablation compared to men. Notably, women were associated with higher do‐not‐resuscitate rates and in‐hospital cardiac arrests than men. No differences in in‐hospital mortality and cardiogenic shock were observed between men and women (p > .05). Length of stay was significantly longer for women, while no differences in hospital costs were observed in both sexes.ConclusionSignificant sex disparities in management and outcomes were observed in admitted patients with VT. Our results reflect the need for further studies to explore factors causing such diversities.
Identification of the novel markers of PPAR signalling affecting immune microenvironment and immunotherapy response of lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Zhang Wei , Liu Junhui , Ren Xin , Zhang Zhengbin , Zhou Meilan , Li Yuehua , Wang Jianjie , Li Quan , Zhu Qi , Wu Gang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are essential for cellular physiological processes. However, there is less research on the PPAR‐related genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Open‐access data were get from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) databases. All the analysis were conducted in the R software based on different R packages. In this study, we gauged the PPAR score employing a set of 72 PPAR‐associated genes and probed the biological impact of this score on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Subsequently, we established a unique signature composed of eight PPAR‐related genes (ANGPTL4, ACSL3, ADIPOQ, FABP1, SLC27A1, ACOX2, PPARD and OLR1) to forecast the prognosis of LUAD. The signature's effectiveness in predicting survival was validated through the receiver operating characteristic curve in the TCGA‐LUAD cohort. As per the pathway enrichment analysis, several crucial oncogenic pathways and metabolic processes were enriched in high‐risk individuals. Further, we observed that these high‐risk patients exhibited heightened genomic instability. Additionally, compared to the low‐risk cohort, high‐risk patients demonstrated diminished immune components and function. Intriguingly, high‐risk patients exhibited a potential heightened sensitivity to immunotherapy and certain drugs, including Gefitinib, Afatinib, Erlotinib, IAP_5620, Sapitinib, LCL161, Lapatinib and AZD3759. The prognosis model based on eight PPAR‐related genes has satisfactory prognosis prediction efficiency. Meanwhile, our results can provide direction for future studies in the relevant aspects.
Learning from the early careers of master clinicians
Authors: Murthy Vivek K. , Boscardin Christy , Cumbler Ethan , Irobunda Christopher , McQuillan Mark A. , Phillips Linda G. , Suneja Manish , Wright Scott M. , Dhaliwal Gurpreet 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMaster clinicians are recognized as multidimensional experts in clinical medicine. Studying their formative clinical activities could generate insights to guide medical trainees and early career clinicians.ObjectivesTo investigate which early career activities were adopted more commonly by master clinicians than their matched peers and to characterize master clinicians' early career activities across institutions and specialties.Subjects and MethodsWe surveyed master clinicians at seven medical centres about their early career activities. For master clinicians in the Department of Medicine (DOM), we also surveyed matched internist peers.ResultsOf 150 master clinician respondents, 65% were internists (DOM); 35% practiced in other specialties. Compared to their internist peers, there was a trend toward internist master clinicians reading more about their patients' conditions (6.0 vs. 4.8 h per week), reading more case reports (4.0 vs. 2.1 per month), engaging in more frequent teaching duties and devoting less time to research.ConclusionsThe early career activities identified in this study can be adopted by clinicians pursuing clinical excellence and promoted by training programs that seek to foster life‐long learning.
Voluntary and involuntary singlehood: Salience of concepts from four theories
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jacki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReconfiguring theoretical approaches is needed as growing numbers of adults are experiencing extended periods of singlehood. There is a central distinction in intentionality, which creates a voluntary or involuntary status. Voluntary individuals have chosen to be marriage‐free. Involuntary individuals wish to be cohabited/married but have been unable to do so. The purpose of this paper is to describe the linkages among characteristics of voluntary/involuntary singlehood and concepts from four theories (social exchange, symbolic interactionism, family development, chaos). These theories were chosen because they are commonly addressed in family science teaching and scholarship. They are used as conceptual lenses to guide relational or familial research, but there has been little attention to their potential linkages to singlehood. Given the voluntary‐involuntary distinction, linkages are drawn to each type. This paper highlights how four traditional theories can be bridged with diverse components of singlehood experiences.
An exotic pathogenetic mechanism of angiogenesis in oral lichen planus—A systematic review
Authors: Keerthika R. , Kamboj Mala , Girdhar Akhil , Narwal Anjali , Devi Anju , Anand Rahul , Juneja Manish 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveAngiogenesis plays a vital role at the molecular level in various inflammatory lesions, that lead to their chronicity. Oral lichen planus is an immune‐mediated chronic inflammatory disorder. The angiogenetic role and exact mechanisms in oral lichen planus are still unclear due to a dearth of studies. Its clinical significance with angiogenesis also requires further elucidation necessitating a thorough review of the studies that have been conducted so far. The present review was designed to identify the dependence of oral lichen planus progression on angiogenesis which could aid in devising metronomic treatments required to halt the progression of this disease.Materials and MethodsA thorough search was made using MEDLINE by PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, Cochrane library, and EMBASE databases. Original research articles, that immunohistochemically evaluated angiogenesis in oral lichen planus were included for review. Risk of bias was analysed for each study using Modified Newcastle‐Ottawa scale and Review Manager 5.4 was used to output its result.ResultsTwenty‐nine published articles were included for data synthesis. The most commonly employed antibody was CD34, however, upregulated VEGF expression was the principal while ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and PECAM‐1 were critical angiogenic factors to mediate angiogenesis in oral lichen planus.ConclusionThe current evidence supports that angiogenesis, a fundamental pathogenetic mechanism of oral lichen planus, leads to its persistence and chronicity. However, studies with a larger sample size, standard evaluation criteria, different subtypes, and adequate follow‐up are warranted.
Science and the ‘emancipation of the mind’: dreams, the mind, and slavery
Authors: Smith Laura Elizabeth , Driggers E. Allen 
Published: August 2023

SummaryDreams were a subject of interest to philosophers thinking about the connection between the mind and the body in the nineteenth century. Many scholars have pointed out that the mind and the body were intimately linked and affected each other. Although science was on its way to becoming more technical and numbers focused in its investigatory practices, medical students and other physician‐philosophers investigated the nature of sleep and dreams. Medical students and advanced researchers speculated on the nature of consciousness and mused on where the mind travels to during the sleep processes. Other romantic figures like Dr Polydori speculated on the nature of sleep walking in their medical dissertations. Dreams also had a powerful moral and motivational component, as dreams and activities in dreams, drove people like Benjamin Rush to embrace abolition. Other promoters of abolition used the nature of dreams to discusses the dreadfulness and suffering of slavery.
‘Come parto imperfetto’: Paratexts and organization in a sixteenth‐century book of secrets
Authors: Celani Ruben 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis essay addresses the Secreti diversi et miracolosi, one of the many ‘books of secrets’ (collections of medical and craft recipes) which crowded the sixteenth‐century Venetian book market. First published in 1563 and spuriously ascribed to the physician Gabriele Falloppia, this book was already subject to significant structural changes in its second edition (1565). The editors of the first and second editions, Giovanni Antonio Di Maria and Borgaruccio Borgarucci, discussed their respective choices concerning the arrangement of the collection in their prefatory letters. This essay examines the prefatory and organizational paratexts of both editions, which reveal a tension between the readability of the book and the reliability of its contents. It argues that the different paratextual strategies pursued by Di Maria and Borgarucci had a profound impact on the contours of ‘Falloppia’’s literary identity, the functions envisioned for the collection, and the epistemological value of the recipes therein. The editorial history of the Secreti diversi also prompts broader considerations on the popularity of books of secrets, showing how this was not only a matter of content but also, and often more importantly, how that content was presented to the readers.
Mediating effects of sleep on mental health in older adolescents: Findings from the Burn 2 Learn randomized controlled trial
Authors: Leahy Angus A. , Diallo Thierno M. O. , Eather Narelle , Duncan Mitch J. , Smith Jordan J. , Morgan Philip J. , Lubans David R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeOur study explored the mediating effect of sleep‐related variables on older adolescents' mental health in the context of a school‐based physical activity intervention.MethodsWe evaluated the Burn 2 Learn (B2L) intervention using a cluster randomized controlled trial, which included two cohorts. Participants for this sub‐study were from the second cohort, which included 292 older adolescents (16.0 ± 0.5 years) from 10 secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Teachers at intervention schools delivered two high‐intensity activity breaks (approximately 10 mins) per week to students during academic lessons. Participants completed measures of mental health (i.e., perceived stress and internalizing problems) and hypothesized mediators (i.e., sleep duration, sleep latency, awakenings, and daytime sleepiness) at baseline (February–April 2019) and post‐intervention (August–September 2019). Single mediation analyses were conducted to explore the potential mediating effects of sleep variables on mental health outcomes using a product‐of‐coefficient test.ResultsWe observed a small statistically significant effect for perceived stress (β = −0.11, SE = 0.034, p = 0.002), but not for internalizing problems (β = 0.02, SE = 0.051, p = 0.760). There were no significant intervention effects for sleep‐related variables. Several sleep‐related variables were associated with mental health outcomes but no mediated effects were found.ConclusionThe B2L intervention had a small beneficial effect on perceived stress, however our mediation analyses suggest this was not explained by changes in sleep‐related variables. Markers of sleep were associated with mental health constructs, highlighting the importance of sleep for good psychological health. However, in the context of a physical activity intervention, effects on mental health may be driven by other behavioral, neurobiological, or psychosocial mechanisms.
Quantitative increases of extracellular vesicles in prolonged cold storage of platelets increases the potential to enhance fibrin clot formation
Authors: Nash J. , Davies A. , Saunders C. V. , George C. E. , Williams J. O. , James P. E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) display a pro‐coagulant phenotype and are generated throughout platelet concentrate (PC) storage. Cold storage (CS) of PCs is thought to provide a superior haemostatic advantage over room temperature (RT) storage and could prolong the storage time. However, the effect of storage conditions on EV generation and PC function is unknown. We investigated EV production under CS and RT conditions and assessed whether these EVs exhibited a more pro‐coagulant phenotype in model experiments.Materials and MethodsBuffy‐coat‐derived PCs in a platelet additive solution (PAS) to plasma ratio of approximately 65:35 were stored at RT (22 ± 2°C) or CS (4 ± 2°C) for a prolonged storage duration of 20 days. Impedance aggregometry assessed platelet function. EVs were isolated throughout storage and quantified using nanoparticle tracking analysis. EVs were applied to a coagulation assay to assess the impact on fibrin clot formation and lysis.ResultsCS produced significantly larger EVs from day 4 onwards. EV concentration was significantly increased in CS compared to RT from day 15. EVs, regardless of storage, significantly reduced time to clot formation and maximum optical density measured compared to the no EV control. Clot formation was proportionate to the number of EV applied but was not statistically different across storage conditions when corrected for EV number.ConclusionEVs in CS and RT units showed similar clot formation capacity. However, the higher number of larger EVs generated in CS compared to RT suggests PC units derived from CS conditions may overall exhibit a haemostatically superior capacity compared to RT storage.
Runoff water loaded with road de‐icing salts: Occurrence, environmental impact and treatment processes
Authors: Ebrahimi Gardeshi Mitra , Arab Hamed , Benguit Alae , Drogui Patrick 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo ensure road safety during winter, it is necessary to use de‐icing salts. However, the detrimental effects of these salts on aquatic ecosystems, vegetation, lakes, ground and surface water, and soils have become a major concern in recent years. This review aims to discuss the adverse environmental impact of using de‐icing salts on the environment and explore current conventional methods used for managing and treating runoff water. Additionally, desalination techniques in terms of their effectiveness and energy requirements have been discussed. By comparing energy costs and considering the salinity levels of runoff water containing de‐icing salts, electrodialysis as a potential technique is introduced to be combined with conventional approaches for removing and recovering salt from runoff water loaded from road de‐icing salt.
Procyanidins: A promising anti‐diabetic agent with potential benefits on glucose metabolism and diabetes complications
Authors: Qaed Eskandar , Almoiliqy Marwan , Al‐Hamyari Bandar , Qaid Abdullah , Alademy Haneen , Al‐Maamari Ahmed , Alyafeai Eman , Geng Zhaohong , Tang Zeyao , Ma Xiaodong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease with alarming worldwide health implications and high mortality rates, largely due to its complications such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Recent research has shown that procyanidins (PC), a type of flavonoid, have strong antioxidant and free radical elimination effects, and may be useful in improving glucose metabolism, enhancing pancreatic islet cell activity, and decreasing the prevalence of DM complications. This review article presents a systematic search for peer‐reviewed articles on the use of PC in the treatment of DM, without any language restrictions. The article also discusses the potential for PC to sensitise DM medications and improve their efficacy. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated promising results in improving the biological activity and bioavailability of PC for the treatment of DM. The article concludes by highlighting the potential for novel materials and targeted drug delivery methods to enhance the pharmacokinetics and bioactivity of PC, leading to the creation of safer and more effective anti‐DM medications in the future.