bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of non‐invasive scores based on liver stiffness measurement, spleen diameter and platelets in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Benmassaoud Amine , Macias Juan , Delamarre Adèle , Corma‐Gomez Anaïs , Guaraldi Giovanni , Milic Jovana , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Van Bremen Kathrin , Tsochatzis Emmanuel , Mulay Akhilesh , Price Jennifer , Garvey Lucy J. , Lemoine Maud , Kablawi Dana , Lebouche Bertrand , Klein Marina B. , Ballesteros Luz R. , Boesecke Christopher , Schepis Filippo , Bhagani Sanjay , Cooke Graham , Berzigotti Annalisa , Hirose Kyoko , Pineda Juan A. , Ramanakumar Agnihotram V. , De‐Ledinghen Victor , Saeed Sahar , Sebastiani Giada 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are at high risk for advanced chronic liver disease and related adverse outcomes. We aimed to validate the prognostic value of non‐invasive scores based on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and on markers of portal hypertension (PH), namely platelets and spleen diameter, in PLWH.MethodsWe combined data from eight international cohorts of PLWH with available non‐invasive scores, including LSM and the composite biomarkers liver stiffness‐spleen size‐to‐platelet ratio score (LSPS), LSM‐to‐Platelet ratio (LPR) and PH risk score. Incidence and predictors of all‐cause mortality, any liver‐related event and classical hepatic decompensation were determined by survival analysis, controlling for competing risks for the latter two. Non‐invasive scores were assessed and compared using area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC).ResultsWe included 1695 PLWH (66.8% coinfected with hepatitis C virus). During a median follow‐up of 4.7 (interquartile range 2.8–7.7) years, the incidence rates of any liver‐related event, all‐cause mortality and hepatic decompensation were 13.7 per 1000 persons‐year (PY) (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.4–16.3), 13.8 per 1000 PY (95% CI, 11.6–16.4) and 9.9 per 1000 PY (95% CI, 8.1–12.2), respectively. The AUROC of LSM was similar to that of the composite biomarkers, ranging between 0.83 and 0.86 for any liver‐related event, 0.79–0.85 for all‐cause mortality and 0.87–0.88 for classical hepatic decompensation. All individual non‐invasive scores remained independent predictors of clinical outcomes in multivariable analysis.ConclusionsNon‐invasive scores based on LSM, spleen diameter and platelets predict clinical outcomes in PLWH. Composite biomarkers do not achieve higher prognostic performance compared to LSM alone.
Acute alcohol‐associated hepatitis: Latest findings in non‐invasive biomarkers and treatment
Authors: Yamazaki Tomoo , Schnabl Bernd 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcute alcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) is a syndrome that occurs in heavy and long‐term drinkers and results in severe jaundice and liver failure. The mortality rate in severe cases is 20%–50% at 28 days, and in cases that do not improve despite appropriately timed corticosteroid therapy, the mortality rate reaches 70% at 6 months. The only curative treatment is early liver transplantation, but less than 2% of patients with severe AH are eligible. In order to improve the prognosis, diagnostic tools are needed to detect appropriate cases at risk of severe conditions, and new therapies need to be developed that can replace corticosteroids. Recent research has revealed that the pathogenesis of AH involves a complex of factors, including changes in the gut microbiota, inflammatory and cytokine signalling, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and abnormalities in the hepatic regenerative capacity. Non‐invasive diagnostic tools focusing on these specific pathologies have been reported in recent years. In addition, several novel agents targeting specific pathways are currently being developed and tested in clinical trials. This review will provide an overview of alcohol‐associated hepatitis and focus on the latest diagnostic tools, particularly non‐invasive biomarkers, and novel therapies.
Clinical study of puncture technique in single division of the trigeminal ganglion intumescentia
Authors: Zhang Liyong , Guo Yu , Xu Ji , He Yunfeng , Qi Zhenglei , Chen Henglin , Zhang Hengzhu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe explored the feasibility of single‐division puncture in the ophthalmic division, maxillary division, and mandibular division of the trigeminal ganglion intumescentia (TGI) and the feasibility of radiofrequency treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.MethodsAccording to the previous anatomical image studies, 3D Slicer software was used to analyze the CT images of the patients. The trigeminal ganglion fossa (TGF) was used as the imaging sign. TGI was identified in the sagittal plane along the fiber. The puncture path starts from the TGI center‐foramen ovale line, extending outward to the epidermis as the needle insertion point, and extending inward to the division boundary. For lateral puncture, which is blocked by the mandible, the positions of closed mouth, open mouth, and over‐open mouth were used. Multiple targets were generated using straight electrodes and curved electrodes to achieve full coverage of TGI. According to the preoperative design, general anesthesia surgery was performed. Xper CT was used for imaging, and the puncture was guided by Xper Guide. Radiofrequency treatment of TGI was conducted.ResultsIn total, 45 patients with trigeminal neuralgia underwent 50 single‐division TGI punctures. The procedure was smooth and the compliance with the design was good. Continuous radiofrequency (CRF) was performed, the VAS scores were 25 times at 70°C, 19 times at 65°C, two times at 60°C, and two times at 50°C (both in the ophthalmic division). Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) was conducted two times. Within 24 h after the procedure, the VAS scores were all 0. From 1 to 7 days after the procedure, pain recurrence was found in three cases, of whom two cases received pulsed radiofrequency treatment. Patients were followed up for 1–24 months and there were no recurrence. After continuous radiofrequency at 65–70°C, the moderate tactile loss was observed, and nearly half of the patients had food residues on the surgical side after 6 months. After continuous radiofrequency at 60°C, there was mild tactile loss and no food residue. The tactile sensation was slightly decreased after continuous radiofrequency at 50°C, and the tactile sensation was normal the next day.ConclusionTrigeminal ganglion intumescentia single‐division radiofrequency is effective and feasible for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
Theories of perceptual content and cases of reliable spatial misperception
Authors: Rubner Andrew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPerception is riddled with cases of reliable misperception. These are cases in which a perceptual state is tokened inaccurately any time it is tokened under normal conditions. On the face of it, this fact causes trouble for theories that provide an analysis of perceptual content in non‐semantic, non‐intentional, and non‐phenomenal terms, such as those found in Millikan (1984), Fodor (1990), Neander (2017), and Schellenberg (2018). I show how such theories can be extended so that they cover such cases without giving up their core commitments.
The good fit1
Authors: Yao Vida 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhilosophers are now wary of conflating the “fittingness” or accuracy of an emotion with any form of moral assessment of that emotion. Justin D'Arms and Daniel Jacobson, who originally cautioned against this “conflation”, also warned philosophers not to infer that an emotion is inaccurate from the fact that feeling it would be morally inappropriate, or that it is accurate from the fact that feeling it would be morally appropriate. Such inferences, they argue, risk committing “the moralistic fallacy”, a mistake they claim is widespread throughout the work of contemporary and historical moral philosophers. I argue that many basic and familiar forms of moral assessment of the emotions are not subject to these arguments. I illustrate this by reconsidering the idea that to assess an emotion as “fitting” is to assess it as what a virtuous person would feel. After showing how assessments akin to this “virtue‐theoretical” notion of fit may be prevalent even outside of the Aristotelian tradition, I suggest some more charitable and philosophically productive interpretations of the philosophical views of the emotions that D'Arms and Jacobson criticize, and argue that we cannot coherently theorize about the fittingness conditions of the emotions in a morally neutral way.
Development of a novel immunoFET technology‐based POC assay for detection of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major
Authors: Yentur Doni Nebiye , Bertani Paul J. , Volpedo Greta , Saljoughian Noushin , Varikuti Sanjay , Matlashewski Greg , Lu Wu , Satoskar Abhay R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLeishmaniasis is considered as one of the 20 neglected tropical diseases. Current methods of leishmanial diagnosis depend on conventional laboratory‐based techniques, which are time‐consuming, costly and require special equipment and trained personnel. In this context, we aimed to provide an immuno field effect transistors (ImmunoFET) biosensor that matches the conventional standards for point‐of‐care (POC) monitoring and detection of Leishmania (L.) donovani/Leishmania major. Crude antigens prepared by repeated freeze thawing of L. donovani/L. major stationary phase promastigotes were used for ELISA and ImmunoFETs. Lesishmania‐specific antigens were serially diluted in 1× PBS from a concentration of 106–102 parasites/mL. A specific polyclonal antibody‐based sandwich ELISA was established for the detection of Leishmania antigens. An immunoFET technology‐based POC novel assay was constructed for the detection of Leishmania antigens. Interactions between antigen–antibody at the gate surface generate an electrical signal that can be measured by semiconductor field‐effect principles. Sensitivity was considered and measured as the change in current divided by the initial current. The final L. donovani/L. major crude antigen protein concentrations were measured as 1.50 mg/mL. Sandwich ELISA against the Leishmania 40S ribosomal protein detected Leishmania antigens could detect as few as 100 L. donovani/L. major parasites. An immunoFET biosensor was constructed based on the optimization of aluminium gallium nitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) surface oxidation methods. The device surface was composed by an AlGaN/GaN wafer with a 23 nm AlGaN barrier layer, a 2 μm GaN layer on the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate for Leishmania binding, and coated with a specific antibody against the Leishmania 40S ribosomal protein, which was successfully detected at concentrations from 106 to 102 parasites/mL in 1× PBS. At the concentration of 104 parasites, the immunoFETs device sensitivities were 13% and 0.052% in the sub‐threshold regime and the saturation regime, respectively. Leishmania parasites were successfully detected by the ImmunoFET biosensor at a diluted concentration as low as 150 ng/mL. In this study, the developed ImmunoFET biosensor performed well. ImmunoFET biosensors can be used as an alternative diagnostic method to ELISA. Increasing the sensitivity and optimization of immuno‐FET biosensors might allow earlier and faster detection of leishmaniasis.
Is dual testing for hepatitis C necessary? Modelling the risk of removing hepatitis C antibody testing for Australian blood donations
Authors: Roy Choudhury Avijoy , Hoad Veronica C. , Seed Clive , Bentley Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesParallel testing of blood donations for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody and HCV RNA by nucleic acid testing (NAT) has been standard practice in Australia since 2000. Meanwhile, NAT technologies have improved, and HCV has become a curable disease. This has resulted in a significant reduction in the risk and clinical consequences of HCV transmission through transfusion. This study aimed to estimate the residual risk (RR) under various testing options to determine the optimal testing strategy.Materials and MethodsA developed deterministic model calculated the RR of HCV transmission for four testing strategies. A low, mid and high estimate of the RR was calculated for each. The testing strategies modelled were as follows: universal dual testing, targeted dual testing for higher risk groups (first‐time donors or transfusible component donations) and universal NAT only.ResultsThe mid estimate of the RR was 1 in 151 million for universal dual testing, 1 in 111 million for targeted dual testing of first‐time donors, 1 in 151 million for targeted dual testing for transfusible component donations and 1 in 66 million for universal NAT only. For all testing strategies, all estimates were considerably less than 1 in 1 million.ConclusionAntibody testing in addition to NAT does not materially change the risk profile. Even conservative estimates for the cessation of anti‐HCV predict an HCV transmission risk substantially below 1 in 1 million. Therefore, given that it is not contributing to blood safety in Australia but consuming resources, anti‐HCV testing can safely be discontinued.
Effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen in apneic oxygenation during intubation in high-risk surgical patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sekhar Praba , Thiruvenkatarajan Venkatesan , Sekhar Vimal , van Wijk Roelof , Barker Timothy 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
This review will investigate the effectiveness of high-flow nasal oxygen in apneic oxygenation through safe apnea time and other ventilation parameters in patients at high risk of oxygen desaturation during induction and tracheal intubation for anesthesia management.

Introduction:
High-risk surgical patient groups include obese patients, those with suspected or known obstructive sleep apnea, and critically ill patients, who are at risk of rapid oxygen desaturation during intubation. Conventional oxygen administration in induction and intubation of patients undergoing general anesthesia include nasal cannulas, simple face masks, Venturi, buccal oxygenation, bag-valve mask ventilation, and non-invasive ventilation. High-flow nasal oxygen has emerged as a novel technique, and is advantageous because it increases positive end-expiratory pressure and oxygen delivered.

Inclusion criteria:
Eligible studies will include high-risk surgical patients aged 18 or above requiring endotracheal intubation in both emergency and elective anesthetic settings. High-risk patients are defined as those with suspected or known obstructive sleep apnea, obesity (BMI > 35), or critically ill patients (scored the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification as 3 or above).

Methods:
The review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus. Reference lists of selected studies will then be hand-searched for additional eligible studies. The primary outcome will be safe apnea time, with secondary outcomes including oxygen and carbon dioxide parameters, and adverse events (eg, gastric distension). Studies will, where possible, be pooled in statistical meta-analyses with data heterogeneity assessed using the standard χ
2 and I
2 tests.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42022312145
Magneto-Convective Transport of Immiscible Binary Fluids in Inclined Channel
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Mondal Pranab Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This work theoretically investigates the interfacial transport of immiscible fluid layers in an inclined fluidic channel in the presence of magnetofluidic actuation. Immiscible binary system consists of both non-Newtonian fluid (top layer) and Newtonian fluid (bottom layer), while the Carreau fluid model is used to describe the rheology of non-Newtonian layer. We develop a theoretical framework consistent with the homotopy analysis method (HAM) to obtain the approximate analytical solutions for the underlying thermofluidic transport features. By depicting the auxiliary parameter curve (ℏ-curve) of flow velocity and temperature distribution, we ascertain the effective reliability of the theoretical method developed here. We demonstrate both velocity and temperature variations in the channel for a set of involving parameters pertinent to this analysis. Albeit the flow configuration considered in this analysis is not complex, yet, the method developed here seems to be efficient in capturing underling transport features, retaining the simultaneously acted implications of fluid rheology and magnetohydrodynamics. Form the consistency observed in predicting the flow velocity for any values of shear-thinning parameter, including nonintegers, our semi-analytical method is deemed pertinent to predict the thermohydrodynamics of immiscible multilayer system even by accurately capturing the intervening effects of fluid rheology and applied fields.
Model Establishment of Chip Air Cooling Process and Its Proportional Integral Differential Tuning
Authors: Xu Linmeng , Zhao Wanying , Li Junhui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chip junction temperature is a key factor affecting the normal operation of the chip. The development of integrated circuit technology brings about high integration and low cost, but it also puts forward higher requirements for the cooling system. This paper focuses on the air cooling of the chip, builds a hardware test platform based on MCS-52, the general name of the intel series microcontroller unit, and sets up a mathematical model of the air cooling process of the chip on the matlab platform based on the principle of energy conservation, heat transfer theory and finite element method. By proposing the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient, the thermal resistance of the system can be well estimated. This model can easily realize the joint simulation of chip, heat radiator, and control strategy, which overcomes the disadvantage that traditional finite element simulation software are difficult to combine with control strategy. In addition, based on the model, the proportional integral differential (PID) control parameters are automatically optimized, achieving excellent temperature control effect, and proving the feasibility of optimizing the control parameters through the model.
Morphology and Sedimentary Cover Structure of Long Segments of the Gakkel Ridge
Authors: Piskarev A. L. , Kaminsky V. D. , Poselov V. A. , Kireev A. A. , Savin V. A. , Smirnov O. E. , Bezumov D. V. , Ovanesian G. I. , Elkina D. V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The rift valley of the Gakkel Ridge was divided into three segments according to sub-bottom profiling and seismoacoustic studies carried out by R/V Akademik Fedorov at the Gakkel Ridge in 2019–2020, and on seismic data of 2011–2015. West of 75° E, the rift valley crosses the Gakkel Ridge approximately in the middle, as was expected based on the assumption that the rift valley runs along the spreading axis that formed this ridge. East of 75° E, the rift valley shifts to the southwestern edge of the ridge, and, thus, it can be concluded that the spreading axis jumped to its present position relatively recently (in the Pliocene). Finally, to the south of the the Gakkel caldera (about 120° E, 81° N), the rift valley is manifested in the sections as a young graben through many kilometers of sediments.
Narrative medicine-based intervention in primary care to reduce polypharmacy: results from the cluster-randomised controlled trial MultiCare AGENDA
Authors: Schäfer Ingmar , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Mellert Christine , Löffler Christin , Mortsiefer Achim , Ernst Annette , Stolzenbach Carl-Otto , Wiese Birgitt , Abholz Heinz-Harald , Scherer Martin , van den Bussche Hendrik , Altiner Attila 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo determine if patient-centred communication leads to a reduction of the number of medications taken without reducing health-related quality of life.DesignTwo-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial.Setting55 primary care practices in Hamburg, Düsseldorf and Rostock, Germany.Participants604 patients 65 to 84 years of age with at least three chronic conditions.InterventionsWithin the 12-month intervention, general practitioners (GPs) had three 30 min talks with each of their patients in addition to routine consultations. The first talk aimed at identifying treatment targets and priorities of the patient. During the second talk, the medication taken by the patient was discussed based on a ‘brown bag’ review of all the medications the patient had at home. The third talk served to discuss goal attainment and future treatment targets. GPs in the control group performed care as usual.Primary outcome measuresWe assumed that the number of medications taken by the patient would be reduced by 1.5 substances in the intervention group and that the change in the intervention group’s health-related quality of life would not be statistically significantly inferior to the control group.ResultsThe patients took a mean of 7.0±3.5 medications at baseline and 6.8±3.5 medications at follow-up. There was no difference between treatment and control group in the change of the number of medications taken (0.43; 95% CI −0.07 to 0.93; P=0.094) and no difference in health-related quality of life (0.03; −0.02 to 0.08; P=0.207). The likelihood of receiving a new prescription for analgesics was twice as high in the intervention group compared with the control group (risk ratio, 2.043; P=0.019), but the days spent in hospital were reduced by the intervention (−3.07; −5.25 to −0.89; P=0.006).ConclusionsIntensifying the doctor–patient dialogue and discussing the patient’s agenda and personal needs did not lead to a reduction of medication intake and did not alter health-related quality of life.Trial registration numberNCT46272088; Pre-results.
Feasibility of personalised remote long-term follow-up of people with
cochlear implants: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cullington Helen , Kitterick Padraig , Weal Mark , Margol-Gromada Magdalena 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Substantial resources are required to provide lifelong postoperative
care to people with cochlear implants. Most patients visit the clinic
annually. We introduced a person-centred remote follow-up pathway,
giving patients telemedicine tools to use at home so they would only
visit the centre when intervention was required.

Objectives
To assess the feasibility of comparing a remote care pathway with
the standard pathway in adults using cochlear implants.

Design
Two-arm randomised controlled trial. Randomisation used a
minimisation approach, controlling for potential confounding factors.
Participant blinding was not possible, but baseline measures occurred
before allocation.

Setting
University of Southampton Auditory Implant Service: provider of
National Health Service care.

Participants
60 adults who had used cochlear implants for at least 6
months.

Interventions
Control group (n=30) followed usual care pathway.
Remote care group (n=30) received care remotely for 6 months
incorporating: home hearing in noise test, online support tool and
self-adjustment of device (only 10 had compatible equipment).

Main outcome measures
Primary: change in patient activation; measured using the Patient
Activation Measure.
Secondary: change in hearing and quality of life; qualitative
feedback from patients and clinicians.

Results
One participant in the remote care group dropped out. The remote
care group showed a greater increase in patient activation than the
control group. Changes in hearing differed between the groups. The
remote care group improved on the Triple Digit Test hearing test; the
control group perceived their hearing was worse on the Speech, Spatial
and Qualities of Hearing Scale questionnaire. Quality of life remained
unchanged in both groups. Patients and clinicians were generally
positive about remote care tools and wanted to continue.

Conclusions
Adults with cochlear implants were willing to be randomised and
complied with the protocol. Personalised remote care for long-term
follow-up is feasible and acceptable, leading to more empowered
patients.

Trial registration number
NCT14644286.