bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance‐prescribed consensus for uncertain nonlinear multi‐agent systems under directed graph
Authors: Yu Linzhen , Liu Yungang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhether or not system performance can be prescribed by users is one core issue for almost all control problems, of course for multi‐agent control systems. But it could pose stern constraints on or exceptions to systems and control methods. How can one guarantee the prescribed performance while covering much more systems? It deserves deep study and particularly entails the integration/reformation of the related techniques. In the paper, we are concerned with the leaderless consensus with a prescribed convergence rate, aiming at ‐dimensional multi‐agent systems typically with unknown heterogeneous nonlinearities under a directed graph. In view of the essence of the problem, we resort to a powerful time‐varying high‐gain method, that is, funnel control. Specifically, to suppress unknown system nonlinearities and guarantee the prescribed performance, funnel gains are devised by utilizing the relative states and a time‐varying design function. Integrating them as well as a series of intermediate variables, a distributed consensus protocol is obtained without involving any global graph information. Remark that besides being used to construct funnel gains, the time‐varying design function is also introduced as a part of the protocol, substantially enhancing the control effect and playing a key role in forcing the relative states to ultimately converge to zero. It is shown that under the proposed protocol, the desired consensus is achieved with a prescribed convergence rate. A simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical result.
High‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry for profiling diterpenoid alkaloids in Aconitum species
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Bo , Deng Chao‐Fan , Zhou Le‐Ru , Wang Zhen‐Zhen , Wang Fang , Wu Xiu‐Li , Ma Xiao‐Li , Nan Ze‐Dong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAconitum is known for being rich in toxic diterpenoid alkaloids, and many of them are unilateral medicinal materials constituting traditional Chinese medicine, which have important clinical uses. Previous liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry studies were mainly focused on a few common species, but lacked in‐depth and detailed research on other species in the same genus, although they have similar or even the same uses. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry data by semi‐quantitative comparisons of the accurate molecular weight and fragmentation pathway of standards was introduced to investigate the diterpenoid alkaloids in four dried root tubers of A. kusnezoffii Reichb., A. carmichaelii Radix., A. pendulum Busch., and A. brachypodum Diels. Thirty‐two diterpenoid alkaloids were identified by the molecular networking platform. Their structures were determined by tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation comparisons, and structures that connect fatty acyl groups with different modifications at the C‐8 position which in previous studies paid little attention may have better digestion and absorption behavior in drug clinic uses. This work provides a basis for further understanding the clinical efficacy of Aconitum herbs.
Emission analysis in an EGR‐equipped DI diesel engine fueled by butanol‐diesel blends
Authors: Prabhu A , Harish V , Jayaprabakar J , Venkatesan K , Dhana Raju V 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this present work, the impacts of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on exhaust emissions of a diesel engine powered with the blending of butanol with mineral diesel under different engine loads were studied. Experimental tests were performed using butanol‐diesel blends on a single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection (DI) unmodified diesel engine at different proportions by vol%. A higher alcohol—Butanol of 10%, 20%, and 30% blended with mineral diesel fuel. Three different EGR rates of 10 to 30% were employed to reduce the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions that prevailed at higher engine loads. Experimental results revealed that by increasing the EGR rates reduces nitrogen oxide emissions by up to 32% at higher loads. Whereas smoke opacity barely raised to an EGR rate of 20%. There was a rise in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and a slight surge in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions found with butanol‐diesel blends rather than mineral diesel. NOx emissions were decreased by 29% for 70% Diesel + 30% Butanol (Bu30) blend with EGR 30% than mineral diesel fuel. There is an increase in smoke opacity with engine load because of the burning of a higher amount of energy to generate higher brake power. Smoke opacity is decreased to 68.9% using Bu30 than conventional diesel. Overall, it was found that blends of 30% of butanol and 70% of diesel can be employed in existing unmodified diesel engines.
Rational design of catalysts with earth‐abundant elements
Authors: Xu Gaomou , Cai Cheng , Zhao Wanghui , Liu Yonghua , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCatalysis has played a crucial role in energy sustainability, environment control, and chemical production, while the design of high‐performance catalysts is a key scientific question. In nature, biological organisms carry out catalysis with earth‐abundant metals, whereas modern industrial processes rely heavily on precious metals. This points out the necessity of designing state‐of‐the‐art catalysts with earth‐abundant elements to maintain sustainable catalysis. In this review, we will start with the fact that nature uses earth‐abundant metals to feed the planet, followed by a few successful examples of catalyst design for water oxidation. Then, we will systematically introduce the practical methods in computational catalyst design and their applications in the rational modification of EAM catalysts for various reactions. In addition, the roles of high‐throughput computations and artificial intelligence in this framework are summarized and discussed. We will also discuss the potential limitations of the framework and the strategies to overcome these challenges. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the synergistic efforts between theory and experiments in rational catalyst design with earth‐abundant elements.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and CatalysisStructure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Designing an assay to evaluate behavioral responses to opposite‐sex conspecifics in the endangered black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes)
Authors: Potratz Emily J. , Brown Joel S. , Rafacz Michelle L. , Santymire Rachel M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe endangered black‐footed ferret (ferret; Mustela nigripes) is a North American carnivore that is actively managed to reestablish self‐sustaining wild populations. Behavioral abnormalities have been reported in the breeding program and may be a limiting factor for the species' success. Our goal was to design and test an assay that examines the ferret's exploratory response to odor cues in the form of soiled bedding from opposite‐sex conspecifics. Across two breeding seasons, males and females were tested using a T‐maze that connected their home nest box to two novel nest boxes containing two different conspecific's soiled bedding. For a control, we provided two clean bedding samples. We ran linear mixed models to determine the effect of sex, type of odor cue (soiled, clean), and order of trial (first, second) on time exploring and proportion of that time spent in each behavior. Ferrets spent the majority of time in the novel nest boxes sniffing (44%), standing alert (27%) and scratching (14%). Males explored for longer than females; however, both displayed similar behaviors. Type of cue influenced behavior, with ferrets sniffing more among soiled cues than clean cues. Habituation to the assay was also observed, with less exploration and more standing alert during the second trial of the day. This study is the first step in characterizing the ferret's exploratory response and provides information regarding vital investigatory and vigilance behaviors. The continual development of this assay to further evaluate reproductive and mate choice behaviors will facilitate more successful breeding of the species.
The Use of Gendered Chatbots in Nigeria: Critical Perspectives
Authors: Borokini Favour , Wakunuma Kutoma , Akintoye Simisola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn a bid to improve service delivery and efficiency in Nigeria, the use of conversational agents such as chatbots capable of providing round the clock responses is growing. This is gaining more traction in the financial sector, particularly in fintechs where there have been significant improvements in the last year. However, not enough research has been conducted on the impact of the gendering of these conversational agents. This is concerning, especially as findings from our research reveal that the majority of chatbots currently deployed in the country are deliberately gendered to appear female, reinforcing already existing gender stereotypes within African societies. With an increase in the deployment of these bots in many other sectors, it is crucial to evaluate the significance of the gendering of these bots to ascertain the effect on gender inequality in Nigeria.
The Mohist Canon and Alternative Origins of Theoretical Science
Authors: Schemmel Matthias , Boltz William G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProceeding from the theoretical considerations presented in Chap. 1, the chapter provides an overall interpretation of the scientific sections of the Mohist Canon, which are presented in Chap. 3. We start with a discussion of the theoretical character of the text as it ensues from textual structures. We then discuss the ways the text reflects on different domains of pre-scientific knowledge pertaining to concepts such as spatial and corporeal extension, duration, motion, measurement, model, image and weight, thereby including what has sometimes been referred to as Mohist geometry, mechanics and optics. We compare these reflections to other historical instances of theoretical thinking, mostly from ancient Greek science and philosophy. We conclude the chapter with considerations, following from our textual analysis and intercultural comparisons, on the place of Mohist science in a long-term, global history of knowledge and what it tells us about structural necessities and historical contingencies in the rise of theoretical science.
KGEMM Behavioral Equations and Identities
Authors: Hasanov Fakhri J. , Joutz Frederick L. , Mikayilov Jeyhun I. , Javid Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter reports the estimated long-run equations and identities in Sects. 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, and 7.9 while the estimated short-run equations, i.e., final ECM specifications associated with the long-run equations are reported in Appendix B to save space in the main text. Note that the long-run and ECM equations are estimated till 2019 in the fifth version of KGEMM. Starting years of the estimations range from the 1970s to the 1990s dictated by the data availability. For the readers ease, we describe one of the long-run equations below and the rest equations here follow the same context. As an example, we select the first appeared long-run equation, i.e., Eq. (7.43).
Undoing Power Hierarchies
Authors: Ruonakoski Erika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhat alternatives have been created within feminist pedagogy to question power hierarchies and to make teaching more inclusive? What approaches were adopted in the Gender and Philosophy summer schools in order to achieve these goals? After discussing these questions, I demonstrate how the concepts of “alienation”and “situation” can be used to analyse power dynamics and the framework they provide to the rest of the book.
Semantification of Mathematical LaTeX
Authors: Greiner-Petter André 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this chapter, we will focus on the research task II, i.e., we develop a new semantification process that addresses the issues of existing approaches outlined in the previous chapter. We identified two main issues with existing MathIR approaches for disambiguation and semantification of LATEX expressions. First, many semantification approaches solely focus on single tokens, such as identifiers, or the entire mathematical expression but miss to enrich the essential subexpressions between both extremes semantically.
From LaTeX to Computer Algebra System
Authors: Greiner-Petter André 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter addresses research tasks III and IV, i.e., implementing a system for automated semantification and translation of mathematical expressions to CAS syntax. In the previous chapter, we laid the foundation for a novel context-sensitive semantification approach that extracts the semantic information from a textual context and semantically enriches a formula with semantic LATEX macros. In this chapter, we realize this proposed semantification approach on 104 English Wikipedia articles with 6,337 mathematical expressions. However, before we continue with this main track, we first apply a novel context-agnostic machine translation approach for translations from LATEX to Mathematica.
Models
Authors: Bartz-Beielstein Thomas , Zaefferer Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter presents a unique overview and a comprehensive explanation of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods. Frequently used ML and DL methods; their hyperparameter configurations; and their features such as types, their sensitivity, and robustness, as well as heuristics for their determination, constraints, and possible interactions are presented. In particular, we cover the following methods: $$k$$
k
-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Elastic Net (EN), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and DL. This chapter in itself might serve as a stand-alone handbook already. It contains years of experience in transferring theoretical knowledge into a practical guide.
Ranking and Result Aggregation
Authors: Bartz-Beielstein Thomas , Mersmann Olaf , Chandrasekaran Sowmya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter explores different methods to analyze the results of Hyperparameter Tuning (HPT) experiments. Four different scenarios and two different approaches are presented. On the one hand, rankings and especially consensus rankings are introduced to aggregate the results of many different HPT results. On the other hand, statistical significance analysis and power analysis are used for a detailed analysis of single algorithms and pairwise algorithm comparisons. This chapter discusses issues with sample size determination, power calculations, hypotheses, and wrong conclusions from hypothesis testing. On top of the established methods, we add and explain severity, a frequentist approach that extends the classical concept of p-values. Mayo’s concept of severity offers one solution to these issues, and one might achieve even better results by applying severity.
Hyperparameter Tuning in German Official Statistics
Authors: Dumpert Florian , Schmidt Elena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter describes the special quality requirements placed on official statistics and builds a bridge to the tuning of hyperparameters in Machine Learning (ML). To carry out the latter optimally under consideration of constraints and to assess its quality is part of the tasks of the employees entrusted with this work. The chapter sheds special light on open questions and the need for further research.
Conceptualizing Money Laundering in the 1MDB Scandal: An Analysis of Metaphors in The Sarawak Report
Authors: Lim Rachel , Yoong David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal is one of the most complex and widely reported scandals in the world as it involves a complicated web of financial transactions, business deals and other forms of transactions. The complexities of this scandal were first exposed by an online news portal called The Sarawak Report. Metaphors were extensively used by the primary writer, Clair Rewcastle Brown, to describe the scandal, which helps readers comprehend the magnitude of the scandal. The data used in this chapter come from 1MDB-related articles in The Sarawak Report blog. Critical metaphor analysis is used to identify, interpret, and explain the primary orientation of the conceptual metaphors found in the blog posts. This approach unpacks the metaphors used in context and reveals underlying meanings and motivations of surface level metaphors, helping readers to make connections between the subject matter and the concepts that are used to describe it. The analysis shows that the mixing of different concepts and analogies enable readers to understand the actions of the culprits, the act of money laundering, and the severity of the crime of corruption. This chapter demonstrates how metaphors can be used to make a complex and challenging issue easier to comprehend.
Top-philic dark matter in a hybrid KSVZ axion framework
Authors: Ghosh Anupam , Konar Partha , Roshan Rishav 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We explore a two-component dark matter scenario in an extended Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (KSVZ) axion framework. This hybrid setup incorporates an extra SU(2)L complex singlet scalar whose lightest component plays the role of one of the dark matter, while the QCD axion of the KSVZ model acts as a second dark matter candidate. In this work, we focus on accentuating the role of vector-like quark that naturally emerges in the KSVZ extension on the dark matter and collider phenomenology. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of this colored particle can significantly affect the allowed dark matter parameter space of the scalar dark matter by opening up additional co-annihilation as well as the direct detection channels. Moreover, the interaction between the color particle with the top quark and scalar dark matter provides a unique topology to generate a boosted-top pair with considerable missing transverse momentum at the LHC. Using jet substructure variables and multivariate analysis, here we show that one can already exclude a vast region of parameter space with 139 fb−1 integrated luminosity at 14 TeV LHC.
An averaged space–time discretization of the stochastic p-Laplace system
Authors: Diening Lars , Hofmanová Martina , Wichmann Jörn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe study the stochastic p-Laplace system in a bounded domain. We propose two new space–time discretizations based on the approximation of time-averaged values. We establish linear convergence in space and 1/2 convergence in time. Additionally, we provide a sampling algorithm to construct the necessary random input in an efficient way. The theoretical error analysis is complemented by numerical experiments.
Laser interstitial thermal therapy using the Leksell Stereotactic System and a diagnostic MRI suite: how I do it
Authors: Jensdottir Margret , Sandvik Ulrika , Fagerlund Michael , Bartek Jiri 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a stereotactic neurosurgical procedure used to treat neoplastic and epileptogenic lesions in the brain. A variety of advanced technological instruments such as frameless navigation systems, robotics, and intraoperative MRI are often described in this context, although the surgical procedure can also be performed using a standard stereotactic setup and a diagnostic MRI suite.

Methods
We report on our experience and a surgical technique using a Leksell stereotactic frame and a diagnostic MRI suite to perform LITT.

Conclusion
LITT can be safely performed using the Leksell frame and a diagnostic MRI suite, making the technique available even to neuro-oncology centers without advanced technological setup.
What drives strategic agility? Evidence from a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (FsQCA)
Authors: de Diego Ruiz Enrique , Almodóvar Paloma , del Valle Ignacio Danvila 
Published: December 2022

AbstractStrategic agility is a topic that has not reached maturity and is of increasing interest for companies and academics alike. Yet few studies assess what drives strategic agility in organisations. This paper aims to review how companies are currently obtaining strategic agility and to identify the individual factors and configurations that lead to it. The study draws on a survey carried out with 40 Spanish companies in the services sector. The study then uses Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to identify the different configurations of factors that lead to strategic agility. Finally, we complement QCA analysis by performing a case study for each of the configurations that lead to strategic agility. The study reveals that there is no necessary condition to reach strategic agility and that companies reach it in five main ways, depending on different combinations of six factors: firm size, firm age, whether the firm is international, whether it competes in a turbulent environment, and whether the firm invests in i) capabilities and technologies, and ii) additional revenue models or cost-cutting mechanisms or not.
Analysis of degradation products of Novichok agents in human urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Otsuka Mai , Yamaguchi Akinori , Miyaguchi Hajime 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
The detection of hydrolysis products of Novichok agents in biological samples from victims is important for confirming exposure to these agents. However, Novichok agents are new class of nerve agent and there have been only few reports on analyses of Novichok agent degradation products. Here, we developed hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)–tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methods to detect Novichok agent degradation products in human urine with simple pretreatment and high sensitivity.

Methods
A Poroshell 120 HILIC-Z column was used to analyze six Novichok agent degradation products. For urine samples, we used a simple pretreatment method, which consisted of deproteinization with acetonitrile and microfiltration. We calculated the pKa values of the OH groups, the log P values, and the molecular weights to investigate the difference in chromatographic behaviors of the Novichok agent degradation products and the degradation products of conventional nerve agents.

Results
Six Novichok agent degradation products, including N-(bis-(diethylamino)methylidene)-methylphosphonamidic acid (MPGA), which could not be detected by our previous method, could be analyzed with sufficient peak shape and mutual separation. The detection limits of six Novichok agent degradation products were sufficiently low (1–50 ng/mL) and the calibration curves showed sufficient linearity. The physicochemical parameters of Novichok agent degradation products were different from those of conventional nerve agent degradation products, and this explains the difference in chromatographic behaviors.

Conclusion
Six Novichok agent degradation products were successfully analyzed by HILIC–MS/MS. Due to the absence of a derivatization step, throughput performance was higher than our previous derivatization-liquid chromatography–MS/MS method.