bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity and genetic effects contribute to different axes of neural divergence in a community of mimetic Heliconius butterflies
Authors: Hebberecht Laura , Wainwright J. Benito , Thompson Charlotte , Kershenbaum Simon , McMillan W. Owen , Montgomery Stephen H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChanges in ecological preference, often driven by spatial and temporal variation in resource distribution, can expose populations to environments with divergent information content. This can lead to adaptive changes in the degree to which individuals invest in sensory systems and downstream processes, to optimize behavioural performance in different contexts. At the same time, environmental conditions can produce plastic responses in nervous system development and maturation, providing an alternative route to integrating neural and ecological variation. Here, we explore how these two processes play out across a community of Heliconius butterflies. Heliconius communities exhibit multiple Mullerian mimicry rings, associated with habitat partitioning across environmental gradients. These environmental differences have previously been linked to heritable divergence in brain morphology in parapatric species pairs. They also exhibit a unique dietary adaptation, known as pollen feeding, that relies heavily on learning foraging routes, or trap-lines, between resources, which implies an important environmental influence on behavioural development. By comparing brain morphology across 133 wild-caught and insectary-reared individuals from seven Heliconius species, we find strong evidence for interspecific variation in patterns of neural investment. These largely fall into two distinct patterns of variation; first, we find consistent patterns of divergence in the size of visual brain components across both wild and insectary-reared individuals, suggesting genetically encoded divergence in the visual pathway. Second, we find interspecific differences in mushroom body size, a central component of learning and memory systems, but only among wild caught individuals. The lack of this effect in common-garden individuals suggests an extensive role for developmental plasticity in interspecific variation in the wild. Finally, we illustrate the impact of relatively small-scale spatial effects on mushroom body plasticity by performing experiments altering the cage size and structure experienced by individual H. hecale. Our data provide a comprehensive survey of community level variation in brain structure, and demonstrate that genetic effects and developmental plasticity contribute to different axes of interspecific neural variation.AbstractComparing brain morphology across a Panamanian community of Heliconius butterflies, we find evidence for interspecific variation along two axes: heritable divergence in the size of visual brain components, and plastic differences in mushroom body size, a central component of learning and memory systems. We illustrate the impact of small-scale spatial effects on mushroom body plasticity.
Social group composition modulates the role of last male sperm precedence in post-copulatory sexual selection
Authors: Morimoto Juliano , McDonald Grant C. , Wigby Stuart 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In many species, the order in which males mate with a female explains much of the variation in paternity arising from post-copulatory sexual selection. Research in Drosophila suggests that mating order may account for the majority of the variance in male reproductive success. However, the effects of mating order on paternity bias might not be static but could potentially vary with social or environmental factors. To test this idea, we used an existing dataset, collated from an experiment we previously published (Morimoto et al., PLoS One, 11, 2016, e0154468), with the addition of unpublished data from the same experiment. These previous experiments manipulated larval density in Drosophila melanogaster which generated variation in male and female body size, assembled groups of individuals of different sizes, and measured the mating success and paternity share of focal males. The data presented here provides information on each focal male's mating order and the frequency in which focal males remated with same females (‘repetitive matings’). We combined this information with our previously reported focal male reproductive success to partition variance in paternity into male mating order and repetitive matings across groups that differed in the body size composition of males and females. We found, as expected, that male mating order explained a considerable portion of the variance in male paternity. However, we also found that the impact of male mating order on male paternity was influenced by the body size composition of groups. Specifically, males that tended to mate last had a greater paternity advantage, and displayed lower variance, in groups containing a heterogenous mixture male body sizes than in groups with a single male body size. Repetitive mating only had a minor contribution to the variance in male paternity share across all experiments. Overall, our findings contribute to the growing body of research showing that post-copulatory sexual selection is subject to socio-ecological influences.
Abstract
Social group composition affects the role of last male sperm precedence in Drosophila.
Predator response to the coloured eyespots and defensive posture of Colombian four-eyed frogs
Authors: Hernández-Palma Tatiana L. , Rueda-Solano Luis Alberto , Valkonen Janne K. , Rojas Bibiana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Deimatic displays, where sudden changes in prey appearance elicit aversive predator reactions, have been suggested to occur in many taxa. These (often only putative) displays frequently involve different components that may also serve antipredator functions via other mechanisms (e.g., mimicry, warning signalling, body inflation). The Colombian four-eyed frog, Pleurodema brachyops, has been suggested to gain protection against predation through putative deimatic displays where they inflate and elevate the posterior part of their body revealing eye-like colour markings. We exposed stationary artificial frogs to wild predators to test whether the two components (eyespot/colour markings, defensive posture) of their putative deimatic display, and their combination, provide protection from predation without the sudden change in appearance. We did not detect any obvious additive effect of defensive posture and eyespots/colour markings on predation risk, but found a marginally significant trend for model frogs in the resting posture to be less attacked when displaying eyespots/colour markings than when they were not, suggesting that the presence of colour markings/eyespots may provide some protection on its own. Additionally, we found that models in a resting posture were overall more frequently attacked on the head than models in a defensive posture, indicating that a defensive posture alone could help redirect predator attacks to non-vital parts of the body. The trends found in our study suggest that the different components of P. brachyops' coloration may serve different functions during a deimatic display, but further research is needed to elucidate the role of each component when accompanied by sudden prey movement.
Abstract
Using stationary artificial frogs exposed to wild predators, we tested whether the eyespot/colour markings and defensive posture present in the putative deimatic display of Colombian four-eyed frogs, and their combination, provide protection from predation without a sudden change in appearance. No obvious additive (or independent) effect of defensive posture and eyespots/colour markings was detected, but model frogs in the defensive posture were overall less frequently attacked on the head, which indicates that a defensive posture alone could help redirect predator attacks to non-vital parts of the body.
New graduate nurses' delivery of patient care: A focused ethnography
Authors: Kaldal Maiken Holm , Feo Rebecca , Conroy Tiffany , Grønkjær Mette , Voldbjerg Siri Lygum 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo explore factors influencing newly graduated nurses' delivery of direct care in acute care hospital settings.DesignQualitative study using focused ethnography.MethodsDuring the period from March to June 2022, a total of ten newly graduated nurses were purposively sampled, and data were collected through 96 h of participant observation as well as ten semi‐structured interviews. This research took place in a large hospital located in Denmark. Data were analysed using LeCompte and Schensul's ethnographic content analysis.ResultsThree main structures were developed from the data: ‘Contrasting Intentions and Actions for care delivery’, ‘Organizational Constraints Block Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing Care’ and ‘Newly Graduated Nurses' Suppressed Need for Support Constitutes Delay in Care Actions’.ConclusionNewly graduated nurses were committed to delivering high‐quality care but were aware they sometimes provided compromised care. The paradox between a commitment to care and compromised care delivery was borne out of tensions between newly graduated nurses' professional beliefs and nursing values, a desire to integrate patients' needs and preferences, and organizational constraints on everyday practices where newly graduated nurses often worked alone without the support of a more experienced nurse. Critical reflection on cultural, social and political forces that influence direct care delivery might support newly graduated nurses to deliver direct patient care more intentionally.Relevance to Clinical PracticeEstablishment of onboarding programs and other support activities for newly graduated nurses to cope with contrasting intentions and actions that must address organizational constraints is essential. These development programs should include how critical reflection competency is supported to address value inconsistencies and emotional distress to ensure high‐quality patient care.Reporting MethodThe reporting adhered to the COREQ guidelines.Patient or Public Contribution‘No Patient or Public Contribution’.
Identification and validation of shared genes and key pathways in endometriosis and endometriosis‐associated ovarian cancer by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Du Yongming , Hu Yichao , Zhang Fubin , Guan Yutao , Sheng Yuehua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies reported that patients with endometriosis had an increased risk of developing endometriosis‐associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). The present study aimed to identify shared genes and key pathways that commonly interacted between EAOC and endometriosis.MethodsThe expression matrix of ovarian cancer and endometriosis were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct co‐expression gene network. Machine learning algorithms were applied to identify characteristic genes. CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm was used to explore the difference in tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, diagnostic nomogram was constructed and evaluated for supporting clinical practicality.ResultsWe identified 262 shared genes between EAOC and endometriosis via WGCNA analysis. They were mainly enriched in cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. After protein–protein interaction network and machine learning algorithms, we recognized two characteristic genes (EDNRA, OCLN) and established a nomogram that presented an outstanding predictive performance. The hub genes demonstrated remarkable associations with immunological functions. Survival analysis indicated that dysregulated expressions of EDNRA and OCLN were closely correlated with prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. gene set enrichment analyses revealed that the two characteristic genes were mainly enriched in the cancer‐ and immune‐related pathways.ConclusionOur findings pave the way for further investigation of potential candidate genes and will aid in improving the diagnosis and treatment of EAOC in endometriosis patients. More research is required to determine the exact mechanisms by which these two hub genes affecting the development and progression of EAOC from endometriosis.
Shift‐and‐persist coping and health among rural African American adolescents
Authors: Adesogan Olutosin , Lavner Justin A. , Carter Sierra E. , Beach Steven R. H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examines whether shift‐and‐persist coping, a coping strategy defined by accepting challenges and remaining hopeful for the future, is associated with psychosocial and physical health and/or moderates the effects of contextual stress (i.e., racial discrimination, financial strain) on health among African American adolescents living in the rural Southeastern United States. Participants (N = 299, 56% boys, Mage = 12.91) completed measures of shift‐and‐persist coping, contextual stress, and psychosocial and physical health. Shift‐and‐persist coping was generally associated with better health but did not buffer the effects of contextual stress. Results suggest that shift‐and‐persist coping may serve as a source of resilience among African American adolescents living in a context where many experience heightened contextual stress.
System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth: A Systematic Review of US and Canadian Studies
Authors: Kinder Christopher J. , Nam Kahyun , Kulinna Pamela H. , Woods Amelia M. , McKenzie Thomas L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe System of Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) has assisted in providing valid and reliable data of youth physical activity and characteristics specific to environmental contexts. The review aimed to examine empirical research that employed the SOPLAY instrument to measure physical activity in leisure‐based activity environments in North American countries.MethodsThe review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. A systematic search was conducted with an exhaustive process using 10 electronic databases to locate peer‐reviewed studies implementing SOPLAY that were published between 2000 and 2021.ResultsA total of 60 studies were included in the review. Most studies (n = 35) reported physical activity findings related to contextual characteristics measured using SOPLAY. Interestingly, a few of the studies (n = 8) found the provision of equipment and supervision, particularly adult supervision, significantly increased child physical activity observed.ConclusionsThis review provides information relative to the group‐level physical activity observed across multiple contexts (ie, playgrounds, parks, recreation centers) using a validated direct observation instrument.
Endoscopic treatment of acute oropharyngeal stick injuries in dogs: 46 cases (2010‐2020)
Authors: Kilduff‐Taylor A. , Baines S. J. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo review long‐term outcomes of dogs with acute oropharyngeal stick injuries managed with rigid endoscopy at a UK referral centre.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis and follow‐up with referring veterinary surgeons and owners of patients treated between 2010 and 2020. A medical record search was performed and data regarding signalment, clinical presentation, treatment and long‐term outcomes were recorded.ResultsSixty‐six dogs with acute oropharyngeal stick injury were identified and 46 (70.0%) of these had endoscopy of the wound. The dogs were of various breeds, ages (median=3 years; range 0.6 to 11 years) and weights (median=20.4 kg; range 7.7 to 38.4 kg) and 58.7% of patients were male. The median time from injury to referral was 1 day (range 2 hours to 7 days). Patients were anaesthetised, and injury tracts were explored using 0° and 30° forward‐oblique, 2.7 mm diameter, 18 cm length rigid endoscopes with a corresponding 14.5 French sheath using saline infusion via gravity. All foreign material that could be grasped was removed using forceps. Tracts were flushed with saline and reinspected to confirm removal of all visible foreign material. Out of 40 dogs with long‐term follow‐up, 38 (95.0%) had no major long‐term complications. The remaining two dogs developed cervical abscessation after endoscopy, one of which resolved after repeat endoscopy and the other resolved after open surgery.Clinical SignificanceLong‐term follow‐up of dogs with acute oropharyngeal stick injury managed with rigid endoscopy showed an excellent outcome in 95.0% of cases.
The importance of cryptic diversity in the conservation of wide‐ranging species: The red‐footed tortoise Chelonoidis carbonarius in Colombia
Authors: Gallego‐García Natalia , Vargas‐Ramírez Mario , Shaffer H. Bradley 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWide‐ranging species are seldom considered conservation priorities, yet they have the potential to harbour genetically deeply differentiated units across environments or ecological barriers, including some that warrant taxonomic recognition. Documenting such cryptic genetic diversity is especially important for wide‐ranging species that are in decline, as they may comprise a set of even more endangered lineages or species with small distributions. However, studies of wide‐ranging species, particularly when they cross political borders, are extremely challenging. One approach to overcoming these challenges is to conduct detailed local analyses in combination with less detailed, range‐wide studies. We used this approach with the red‐footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius), a threatened species likely to contain cryptic diversity given its vast range and the distinctive ecoregions that it inhabits. Previous single‐gene molecular studies indicated the presence of at least five lineages, two of which occur in different ecoregions separated by the Andes within Colombia. We used a comprehensive genomic analysis to test the hypothesis of cryptic diversity within the single jurisdiction of Colombia. We used a combination of restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing and environmental niche modelling to provide three independent lines of evidence that support the presence of important cryptic diversity that may deserve taxonomic recognition: allopatric reproductive isolation, local adaptation and ecological divergence. We also provide a fine‐scale genetic map with the distribution of conservation units in Colombia. As we complete ongoing range‐wide analyses and make taxonomic adjustments, we recommend that the two lineages in Colombia be treated as separate units for conservation purposes.
The regulation of bacterial two‐partner secretion systems
Authors: Trouillon Julian , Attrée Ina , Elsen Sylvie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTwo‐partner secretion (TPS) systems, also known as Type Vb secretion systems, allow the translocation of effector proteins across the outer membrane of Gram‐negative bacteria. By secreting different classes of effectors, including cytolysins and adhesins, TPS systems play important roles in bacterial pathogenesis and host interactions. Here, we review the current knowledge on TPS systems regulation and highlight specific and common regulatory mechanisms across TPS functional classes. We discuss in detail the specific regulatory networks identified in various bacterial species and emphasize the importance of understanding the context‐dependent regulation of TPS systems. Several regulatory cues reflecting host environment during infection, such as temperature and iron availability, are common determinants of expression for TPS systems, even across relatively distant species. These common regulatory pathways often affect TPS systems across subfamilies with different effector functions, representing conserved global infection‐related regulatory mechanisms.
Organisational inhibition and promotion of flexible working in digitalised work environments
Authors: Abendroth Anja‐Kristin , Reimann Mareike 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWork‐related use of digital information and communication technology (ICT) is not restricted to specific working sites and times. For employees, this can involve opportunities for flexible working, that is, having control over when and where to work. Applying an organisational comparative perspective, we examined whether adherence to the ideal worker norm inhibits and adherence to family‐friendliness promotes flexible working as a consequence of ICT use. Linked employer–employee survey data from large German work organisations revealed that employees worked more flexibly in time and place due to work‐related ICT use when supervisory work‐life support was common. Mixed evidence is provided for the prevalence of ideal worker norm expectations. We conclude that work‐life support in the organisation is a required complementary practice of flexible working for employees, promoting its dissemination.
Impact of local human microbiota on the allergic diseases: Organ–organ interaction
Authors: Alashkar Alhamwe Bilal , López Juan‐Felipe , Zhernov Yury , von Strandmann Elke Pogge , Karaulov Alexander , Kolahian Saeed , Geßner Reinhard , Renz Harald 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe homogeneous impact of local dysbiosis on the development of allergic diseases in the same organ has been thoroughly studied. However, much less is known about the heterogeneous influence of dysbiosis within one organ on allergic diseases in other organs. A comprehensive analysis of the current scientific literature revealed that most of the relevant publications focus on only three organs: gut, airways, and skin. Moreover, the interactions appear to be mainly unidirectional, that is, dysbiotic conditions of the gut being associated with allergic diseases of the airways and the skin. Similar to homogeneous interactions, early life appears to be not only a crucial period for the formation of the microbiota in one organ but also for the later development of allergic diseases in other organs. In particular, we were able to identify a number of specific bacterial and fungal species/genera in the intestine that were repeatedly associated in the literature with either increased or decreased allergic diseases of the skin, like atopic dermatitis, or the airways, like allergic rhinitis and asthma. The reported studies indicate that in addition to the composition of the microbiome, also the relative abundance of certain microbial species and the overall diversity are associated with allergic diseases of the corresponding organs. As anticipated for human association studies, the underlying mechanisms of the organ–organ crosstalk could not be clearly resolved yet. Thus, further work, in particular experimental animal studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms linking dysbiotic conditions of one organ to allergic diseases in other organs.
SLG2 specifically regulates grain width through WOX11‐mediated cell expansion control in rice
Authors: Xiong Dunpin , Wang Ruci , Wang Yueming , Li Yi , Sun Ge , Yao Shanguo 
Published: June 2023

SummaryGrain size is specified by three dimensions of length, width and thickness, and slender grain is a desirable quality trait in rice. Up to now, many grain size regulators have been identified. However, most of these molecules show influence on multi‐dimensions of grain development, and only a few of them function specifically in grain width, a key factor determining grain yield and appearance quality. In this study, we identify the SLG2 (SLENDER GUY2) gene that specifically regulates grain width by affecting cell expansion in the spikelet hulls. SLG2 encodes a WD40 domain containing protein, and our biochemical analyses show that SLG2 acts as a transcription activator of its interacting WOX family protein WOX11. We demonstrate that the SLG2‐associated WOX11 binds directly to the promoter of OsEXPB7, one of the downstream cell expansion genes. We show that knockout of WOX11 results in plants with a slender grain phenotype similar to the slg2 mutant. We also present that finer grains with different widths could be produced by combining SLG2 with the grain width regulator GW8. Collectively, we uncover the crucial role of SLG2 in grain width control, and provide a promising route to design rice plants with better grain shape and quality.