bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caries-preventing effect of a hydroxyapatite-toothpaste in adults: a 18-month double-blinded randomized clinical trial
Authors: Paszynska Elzbieta , Pawinska Malgorzata , Enax Joachim , Meyer Frederic , Schulze zur Wiesche Erik , May Theodor W. , Amaechi Bennett T. , Limeback Hardy , Hernik Amadeusz , Otulakowska-Skrzynska Justyna , Krahel Anna , Kaminska Inga , Lapinska-Antonczuk Joanna , Stokowska Ewa , Gawriolek Maria 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundDental caries is a worldwide challenge for public health. The aim of this 18-month double-blinded, randomized, clinical trial was to compare the caries-preventing effect of a fluoride-free, hydroxyapatite toothpaste (test) and a toothpaste with sodium fluoride (1450 ppm fluoride; positive control) in adults.MethodsThe primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects showing no increase in overall Decayed Missing Filled Surfaces (DMFS) index. The study was designed as non-inferiority trial. Non-inferiority was claimed if the upper limit of the exact one-sided 95% confidence interval for the difference of the primary endpoint DMFS between test and control toothpaste was less than the predefined margin of non-inferiority (Δ ≤ 20%).ResultsIn total, 189 adults were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis; 171 subjects finished the study per protocol (PP). According to the PP analysis, no increase in DMFS index was observed in 89.3% of subjects of the hydroxyapatite group and 87.4% of the subjects of the fluoride group. The hydroxyapatite toothpaste was not statistically inferior to a fluoride toothpaste with regard to the primary endpoint.ConclusionHydroxyapatite was proven to be a safe and efficient anticaries agent in oral care.Clinical trial registrationNCT04756557.
Magnitude of unintended pregnancy and its determinants among childbearing age women in low and middle-income countries: evidence from 61 low and middle income countries
Authors: Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Amare Tsegaw , Teklu Rediet Eristu , Tegegne Biresaw Ayen , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundUnintended pregnancy is one of the most serious health issues in low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), posing significant health, economic, and psychosocial costs to individuals and communities. However, there is limited evidence on the prevalence of unintended pregnancies and their determinants in LMICs. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its associated factors among childbearing-age women in LMICs.MethodData for the study were drawn from a recent 61 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in LMICs. A total sample of 187,347 mothers who gave birth in the five years preceding the survey was included. STATA version 16 was used to clean and analyze the data. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify individual and community-level factors of unintended pregnancy in LMICs. In the multivariable analysis, an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence level was reported to indicate statistical association.ResultsThe pooled magnitude of unintended pregnancy in LMICs was 26.46%% (95% CI: 25.30%, 27.62%), ranging from 19.25%% in Egypt to 61.71% in Bolivia. Working status (AOR =  1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06), having a husband with no education (AOR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.15), and primary education (AOR =  1.05; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11), women from male-headed households (AOR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.08), media exposure (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08), unmet need for contraception (AOR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08), distance from a health facility (AOR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.06) were significantly associated with unintended pregnancy.ConclusionUnintended pregnancy rates remain high in LMICs. Women whose husband has no education and primary education, women with media exposure, working status, women who live in a household headed by male, women with unmet need for contraception, and women with a big problem of distance to health facilities were variables that were significant predictors of unintended pregnancy. When attempting to minimize unintended pregnancy in LMICs, these factors need to be considered. Furthermore, most of these attempts should be driven by government entities in low and middle-income countries.
Adolescent risk-taking and decision making: a qualitative investigation of a virtual reality experience of gangs and violence
Authors: Bilello Delfina , Swancott Lucy J. , Kloess Juliane A. , Burnett Heyes Stephanie 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Gang involvement poses serious risks to young people, including antisocial and criminal behaviour, sexual and criminal exploitation, and mental health problems. There is a need for research-informed development of preventive interventions. To this end, we conducted a qualitative study of young people’s responses to an educational virtual reality (VR) experience of an encounter with a gang, to understand young people’s decisions, emotions and consequences.Methods: Young people (N = 24 aged 13-15, 11 female, 13 male) underwent the VR experience followed by semi-structured focus group discussions. Questions focused on virtual decision-making (motivations, thoughts, feelings, consequences) and user experiences of taking part. Data were analysed using Thematic Analysis.Results: Three themes were developed to represent how participants’ perceptions of the gang, themselves, and the context influenced virtual decisions. Social pressure from the gang competed with participants’ wish to stand by their morals and establish individual identity. The VR setting, through its escalating events and plausible characters, created an “illusion of reality” and sense of authentic decisions and emotions, yielding insights for real-life in a safe, virtual environment.Discussion: Findings shed light on processes influencing adolescent decision-making in a virtual context of risk-taking, peer pressure and contact with a gang. Particularly, they highlight the potential for using VR in interventions with young people, given its engaging and realistic nature.
Effect of diet on postprandial glycemic and insulin responses in healthy dogs
Authors: Vastolo Alessandro , Gizzarelli Manuela , Ruggiero Alessio , Alterisio Maria Chiara , Calabrò Serena , Ferrara Maria , Cutrignelli Monica Isabella 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionDog owners have gradually changed their approach, paying more attention to the nutrition and health of their animals. Various pet foods with different ingredients and nutritional characteristics are available on the market. The present study aimed to evaluate the administration of three diets, namely, two grain-free (GF1 and GF2) and one grain-based (CB), with different sources of carbohydrates that can influence the glycemic and insulin postprandial responses in healthy dogs.MaterialsFifteen healthy dogs were dived in three groups and alternatively fed each diet for 50 days. Blood samples were collected at beginning of each feeding period. Glycemia and insulin were measured before and after 120, 240 and 360 minutes diet administration to evaluate postprandial responses.ResultsGF2 diet showed the highest level of albumin and mean insulin concentration (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the GF1 diet caused the smallest (p &lt; 0.001) glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC) and the lowest (p &lt; 0.05) glucose nadir. Otherwise, GF1 showed the highest (p &lt; 0.01) insulin time to peak. The GF2 diet showed the highest level of albumin while reporting the lowest amount of fructosamine (p &lt; 0.05). The diet GF2 registered the highest (p &lt; 0.001) level of insulin zenith. The cereal-based (CB) diet reported the highest amount of fructosamine (p &lt; 0.05). The CB diet had the highest levels of glucose and the highest (p &lt; 0.001) glucose and insulin mean concentrations. Diet CB reported the lowest (p &lt; 0.001) insulin nadir.DiscussionDiets with different carbohydrate sources and chemical compositions could modulate the glycemic response in healthy dogs. Bearing in mind that glycemic/insulin postprandial responses influence energy availability and that different dogs have specific lifestyles, it may be preferable to also consider these aspects when choosing a maintenance diet for animals
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR REBUSAN DAUN SALAM TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA WANITA LANSIA
Authors: Mukarromah Asti , Aulya Yenny , Suciawati Anni 
Published: July 2023

Hipertensi adalah kondisi tekanan darah tinggi di dalam arteri yang dapat menaikkan resiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Pengobatan non farmakologi yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu penurunan tekanan darah tinggi diantaranya dengan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh dari air rebusan daun salam terhadap tekanan darah. Jenis penelitian ini quasi-experiment dengan pretest-posttest with control group design. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling sebanyak 38 responden. Analisis yang digunakan menggunakan uji Paired t-test dan analisis uji beda menggunakan uji Independent t-test. Selisih rata-rata penurunan tekanan darah antara sebelum dan setelah intervensi diperoleh selisih tekanan sistolik 24.43 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik 3.84 mmHg. Hasil uji Paired t test pada tekanan sistolik p value 0.000 (<0.05) dan tekanan diastolik p value 0,001 (<0,005). Ada pengaruh pemberian air rebusan daun salam terhadap penurunan tekanan darah wanita lansia.

Abstract
Hypertension is a condition of high blood pressure in the arteries that can increase the risk of cardiovascular. One of the non-pharmacological treatments to reduce high blood pressure is bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum). This study to determine the effect of consumption of bay leaf decoction water on reducing blood pressure in elderly women. This study used quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest with control group design. The sampling used a purposive sampling technique which involved 38. The analysis used uses the Paired test and Independent test. The average difference blood pressure between before being given bay leaf decoction water was systolic blood pressure of 24.43 mmHg and the average blood pressure of diastolic was 3.84 mmHg. Paired t-test results of systolic obtained p value 0.000 (<0.05) and diastolic obtained p value 0.000 (<0.05). There is an effect of giving bay leaf decoction water on reducing blood pressure in elderly women.
Sistem Cerdas Pemantau Kesehatan Pasien Lanjut Usia Berbasis IoT (Hardware)
Authors: Cahyana Amelia , Mohammad Yanuar Hariyawan  , Wira Indani  , Suci Ramadona  
Published: July 2023

Internet of Thing (IoT) merupakan terobosan teknologi informasi yang banyak diterapkandibidang keilmuan, salah satunya yaitu bidang ilmu kesehatan. Ada beberapa aspek teknologi IoT yang dapat dikembangkan pada ilmu kesehatan, salah satunya yaitu sistem cerdas pemantau kesehatan pasien lanjut usia. Sistem ini perlu dilakukan agar dokter bisa mengetahui kondisi pasien sehingga pasien tidak perlu lagi ke rumah sakit untuk melakukan pengecekan dan dapat dipantau dirumah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alat untuk mempermudah Pasien dan dokter dalam pemeriksaan 3 tanda vital yang berupa detak jantung, kadar oksigen dan suhu tubuh tersebut. Dimana tanda vital adalah ukuran statistik berbagai fisiologis yang digunakan untuk membantu menentukan status kesehatan seseorang, terutama pada pasien lansia (lanjut usia) yang secara medis tidak stabil atau memiliki faktor-faktor yang beresiko. Dengan Alat ini pasien dapat menunjukkan data tanda vitalnya ke pada dokter sehingga dapat mempermudah dokter dalam men-diagnosa penyakit pasien dan dapat melakukan tindakan kepada pasien tersebut. Perancangan alat ini dibuat menggunakan sensor MAX30100 yang berfungsi untuk mendeteksi detak jantung dan kadar oksigen. Kemudian sensor MLX90614 yang berfungsi untuk mendeteksi suhu tubuh. Sensor tersebut diproses oleh mikrokontroller (ESP32 ) untuk dikirim kedatabase mysql. Nilai presentase tingkat keakurasian pengujian detak jantung adalah sebesar 96,15%, Nilai presentase tingkat keakurasian pengujian kadar oksigen adalah sebesar 97,4% , dan nilai presentase tingkat keakurasian pengujian suhu tubuh adalah sebesar 98,3%.
Kata kunci: IoT, Kesehatan, Tanda Vital, Lansia, ESP32
ANALISIS TINGKAT INFLASI TERHADAP INVESTASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Harahap Ahmad Rizki , Firmansyah Tanjung Ade 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini dengan tujuan mengetahui pengaruh tingkat inflasi dan investasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di provinsi Sumatera Utara pada periode 2001-2021. Jenis data yang diperlukan yaitu jenis data sekunder yang dimaksud ialah data yang sudah jadi atau dipubikasi diambil dari data BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) Sumatera Utara dan penelitian ini diolah menggunakan metode OLS (Ordinary Least Square ) yang terdapat dalam analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa inflasi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di provinsi Sumatera Utara sedangkan investasi berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu jika inflasi tinggi dapat berpengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Sumatera Utara begitu juga dengan investasi jika mengalami kenaikan maka akan berdampak positif bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi.
PENGARUH JENIS PELARUT TERHADAP KLOROFIL DAN SENYAWA FITOKIMIA DAUN KIAMBANG (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) DARI PERAIRAN RAWA UNSRI
Authors: Ernaini Yaya , Supriadi Agus , Rinto Rinto 
Published: July 2023

The objective of this research was to know effect of solvent (NaHCO3 0,5% and MgCO3 0,03%) and Tween 80 (0,5%, 1%, and 1,5%) to obtain the chlorophyll and phytochemical compounds of kiambang leaves. The research used factorial randomized block design with two treatments and each treatment was replicated three times. The treatments wereÂ the type of solvent (NaHCO3 0.5% and MgCO3 0.03%) and the concentration of Tween 80 (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%). The parameters of research were total chlorophyll content, water dissolve chlorophyll, phytochemichal, colour intensity (Hunter a, Hunter b, and Lightness), and colour stability. The result showed that the average of total chlorophyll ranges from 10.261 mg/L to 16.435 mg/L, water dissolve chlorophyll ranges from 4.503 mg/L to 5.739 mg/L, Hunter a ranges from -2.8 to -4.667, Hunter b ranges from +6.1 to +14.6, Lightness ranges from 29.4 to 34.067. Phytochemical compounds of kiambang leaves were alkaloid, fenol, and saponin. The colour stability test of kiambang leaves by using NaHCO3 0.5% and Tween 80 1.5% indicated the best colour stability during four weeks storage in aerobic condition. Â Keyword: kiambang extract, chlorophyll, phytochemical
Прoфeсійний рoзвитoк кeрівникa (дирeктoрa) зaклaду зaгaльнoї сeрeдньoї oсвіти
Authors: Вoрoн Oльгa , Філіпчук Вaлeнтин 
Published: July 2023

У статті нa oснoві aнaлізу нaукoвих прaць, нoрмaтивнo-прaвoвих дoкумeнтів у гaлузі oсвіти прoaнaлізoвaнo сутність тa нaпрями прoфeсійнoгo рoзвитку кeрівникa (дирeктoрa) зaклaду зaгaльнoї сeрeдньoї oсвіти. Визнaчeнo oргaнізaційнo-пeдaгoгічні умoви, щo сприяють рoзвитку упрaвлінськoї кoмпeтeнтнoсті. Підкрeслeнo, щo прoфeсійний рoзвитoк кeрівникa – прoблeмa, від успішнoгo вирішeння якoї знaчнoю мірoю зaлeжить eфeктивність функціoнувaння зaклaду зaгaльнoї сeрeдньoї oсвіти. Доведено, щo сaмe від прoфeсійнo oргaнізoвaних упрaвлінських прoцeсів знaчнoю мірoю зaлeжить якість oсвіти тa oсвітньoї діяльнoсті загалом. З’ясoвaнo змістoвe нaпoвнeння тa утoчнeнo сутність пoняття «прoфeсійний рoзвитoк кeрівникa зaклaду зaгaльнoї сeрeдньoї oсвіти».
Прoвeдeні дoсліджeння дaють підстaви ствeрджувaти, щo прoфeсійний рoзвитoк кeрівникa зaклaду зaгaльнoї сeрeдньoї oсвіти мoжe трaктувaтися як бeзпeрeрвний, цілeспрямoвaний, інтeгруючий прoцeс прoфeсіoнaлізaції oсoбистoсті, тoбтo прoцeс нaбуття кeрівникoм кількісних тa якісних пoкaзників упрaвлінськoї кoмпeтeнтнoсті, а прoфeсіoнaлізм – як єдність йoгo тeoрeтичнoї тa прaктичнoї гoтoвнoсті дo здійснeння свoєї діяльнoсті. Oбґрунтoвaнo нeoбхідність ствoрeння систeми прoфeсійнoгo рoзвитку кeрівникa. Зaпрoпoнoвaнo мoдeль прoфeсійнoгo рoзвитку.
The Radial Distribution and Excitation of H2 around Young Stars in the HST-ULLYSES Survey
Authors: France Kevin , Arulanantham Nicole , Maloney Erin , Cauley P. Wilson , Ábrahám P. , Alcalá Juan M. , Campbell-White Justyn , Fiorellino Eleonora , Herczeg Gregory J. , Nisini Brunella , Vioque Miguel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The spatial distribution and evolution of gas in the inner 10 au of protoplanetary disks form the basis for estimating the initial conditions of planet formation. Among the most important constraints derived from spectroscopic observations of the inner disk are the radial distributions of the major gas phase constituents, how the properties of the gas change with inner disk dust evolution, and how the chemical abundances and excitation conditions are influenced by the high-energy radiation from the central star. We present a survey of the radial distribution, excitation, and evolution of inner disk molecular hydrogen (H2) obtained as part of the Hubble Space Telescope-ULLYSES program. We analyze far-UV spectroscopy of 71 (63 accreting) pre-main-sequence systems in ULLYSES DR5 to characterize the H2 emission lines, H2 dissociation continuum emission, and major photochemical/disk evolution driving the UV emissions (Lyα, UV continuum, and C iv). We use the widths of the H2 emission lines to show that most fluorescent H2 arises between 0.1 and 1.4 au from the parent star, and show positive correlations of the average emitting radius with the accretion luminosity and with the dust disk mass. We find a strong correlation between H2 dissociation emission and both the accretion-dominated Lyα luminosity and the inner disk dust clearing, painting a picture where water molecules in the inner 3 au are exposed to and dissociated by strong Lyα emission as the opacity of the inner disk declines with time.
Performance of the Quasar Spectral Templates for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
Authors: Brodzeller Allyson , Dawson Kyle , Bailey Stephen , Yu Jiaxi , Ross A. J. , Bault A. , Filbert S. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Alexander David M. , Armengaud E. , Berti A. , Brooks D. , Chaussidon E. , de la Macorra A. , Doel P. , Fanning K. , Fawcett V. A. , Font-Ribera A. , A Gontcho S. Gontcho , Guy J. , Honscheid K. , Juneau S. , Kehoe R. , Kisner T. , Kremin Anthony , Lan Ting-Wen , Landriau M. , Levi Michael E. , Magneville C. , Martini Paul , Meisner Aaron M. , Miquel R. , Moustakas J. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Percival W. J. , Prada F. , Ravoux C. , Rossi Graziano , Saulder C. , Siudek M. , Tarlé Gregory , Weaver B. A. , Youles S. , Zheng Zheng , Zhou Rongpu , Zhou Zhimin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Millions of quasar spectra will be collected by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), leading to a fourfold increase in the number of known quasars. High-accuracy quasar classification is essential to tighten constraints on cosmological parameters measured at the highest redshifts DESI observes (z > 2.0). We present spectral templates for identification and redshift estimation of quasars in the DESI Year 1 data release. The quasar templates are comprised of two quasar eigenspectra sets, trained on spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The sets are specialized to reconstruct quasar spectral variation observed over separate yet overlapping redshift ranges and, together, are capable of identifying DESI quasars from 0.05 < z < 7.0. The new quasar templates show significant improvement over the previous DESI quasar templates regarding catastrophic failure rates, redshift precision and accuracy, quasar completeness, and the contamination fraction in the final quasar sample.
A Comprehensive Study on the Relation between the Metal Enrichment of Ionized and Atomic Gas in Star-forming Galaxies
Authors: Arabsalmani M. , Garratt-Smithson L. , Wijers N. , Schaye J. , Burkert A. , Lagos C. D. P. , Le Floc’h E. , Obreschkow D. , Peroux C. , Schneider B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the relation between the metallicities of ionized and atomic gas in star-forming galaxies at z = 0–3 using the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) cosmological, hydrodynamical simulations. This is done by constructing a dense grid of sight lines through the simulated galaxies and obtaining the star formation rate- and H i column density-weighted metallicities, Z
SFR and Z
H I, for each sightline as proxies for the metallicities of ionized and atomic gas, respectively. We find Z
SFR ≳ Z
H I for almost all sight lines, with their difference generally increasing with decreasing metallicity. The stellar masses of galaxies do not have a significant effect on this trend, but the positions of the sight lines with respect to the galaxy centers play an important role: the difference between the two metallicities decreases when moving toward the galaxy centers, and saturates to a minimum value in the central regions of galaxies, irrespective of redshift and stellar mass. This implies that the mixing of the two gas phases is most efficient in the central regions of galaxies where sight lines generally have high column densities of H i. However, a high H i column density alone does not guarantee a small difference between the two metallicities. In galaxy outskirts, the inefficiency of the mixing of star-forming gas with H i seems to dominate over the dilution of heavy elements in H i through mixing with the pristine gas. We find good agreement between the available observational data and the Z
SFR–Z
H I relation predicted by the EAGLE simulations. Though, observed regions with a nuclear starburst mode of star formation appear not to follow the same relation.
Halted-pendulum Relaxation: Application to White Dwarf Binary Initial Data
Authors: Kaltenborn M. Alexander R. , Falato Michael J. , Korobkin Oleg , Sagert Irina , Even Wesley P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Studying compact-star binaries and their mergers is integral to determining progenitors for observable transients. Today, compact-star mergers are typically studied via state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics codes. One such numerical technique, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), is frequently chosen for its excellent mass, energy, and momentum conservation. The natural treatment of vacuum and the ability to represent highly irregular morphologies make SPH an excellent tool for the study of compact-star binaries and mergers. For many scenarios, including binary systems, the outcome of simulations is only as accurate as the initial conditions. For SPH, it is essential to ensure that the particles are distributed regularly, representing the initial density profile but without long-range correlations. Particle noise in the form of high-frequency local motion and low-frequency global dynamics must be damped out. Damping the latter can be as computationally intensive as the actual simulation. We discuss a new and straightforward relaxation method, halted-pendulum relaxation (HPR), to remove global oscillation modes of SPH particle configurations. In combination with effective external potentials representing gravitational and orbital forces, we show that HPR has an excellent performance in efficiently relaxing SPH particles to the desired density distribution and removing global oscillation modes. We compare the method to frequently used relaxation approaches and test it on a white dwarf binary model at its Roche-lobe overflow limit. We highlight the importance of our method in achieving accurate initial conditions and its effect on achieving circular orbits and realistic accretion rates when compared with other general relaxation methods.