bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Molecular Probes: Optical Properties in Solution and in Surfactant Micelle Microenvironment
Authors: Samaniego Lopez Cecilia , Verónica Rivas M. , García Cambón Tomás A. , Wolosiuk Alejandro , Spagnuolo Carla C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, the optical properties of two novel near‐infrared fluorescent tricarbocyanines with amphiphilic nature, CyN and CyS, were studied in solution and in micelles of representative surfactants (anionic, cationic and non‐ionic) by means of spectroscopic techniques. Interestingly, the spectral properties of the new fluorophores depend on the nature of the heteroatom at the meso position. Dependence on the solvent polarity and the viscosity were also observed in both cases. Furthermore, changes on photophysical properties occurred upon encapsulation of the dyes. The incorporation of the dye from the aqueous solution to the surfactant supramolecular assembly produced a drastic change in the fluorescence emission from quenched state to fluorescence enhancement, rendering an OFF‐ON response to the exchange of environment. In addition, a significant protective effect against photobleaching was determined when the dyes were included in Pluronic® micelles (F127) resulting in a promising system to be used as a fluorescent nanosized container. The novel amphiphilic NIR fluorophores also interact as a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair and the process was studied within micelles loaded with both dyes.
Flexure‐axial‐shear interaction of ductile beams with single‐crack plastic hinge behaviour
Authors: Opabola Eyitayo A. , Elwood Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the key damage observations in modern reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings, damaged following the 2010/2011 Canterbury and 2016 Kaikoura earthquakes, was localised cracking at the beam‐column interface of capacity‐designed beams. The localised cracking in the beams was due to curtailed longitudinal bars at the beam‐column interface. Following these observations, without experimental data to justify desirable seismic performance, modern beams controlled by localised cracking were assumed to be potentially earthquake‐vulnerable. To address this, an experimental program was carried out on six RC beam specimens susceptible to single‐crack plastic hinge behaviour due to curtailed longitudinal bars. The experimental data show that RC beams with single‐crack plastic hinge behaviour can undergo significant inelastic drift demands without loss of lateral resistance. However, contrary to conventional beams with distributed cracking, the response of RC beams with single‐crack plastic hinge behaviour due to curtailed longitudinal bars is mainly dominated by hinge rotation (via bond‐slip) and shear sliding at the column face. The current paper studies the interdependence of axial elongation, bond‐slip and shear sliding deformation of RC beams with single‐crack plastic hinge behaviour under cyclic demands. A procedure for seismic assessment of RC beams with single‐crack plastic hinge behaviour due to curtailed longitudinal bars is proposed. The proposed formulations can be adopted to develop adequate numerical models for simulating the response of RC frames with beams susceptible to single‐crack plastic hinge behaviour due to curtailed longitudinal bars.
The need to reorganize health research systems in pandemic crisis: A prospective study
Authors: Kharazmi Erfan , Ostovar Sedigheh , Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsA pandemic has posed a major challenge to health systems all over the world. All countries have realized that the only way to get real growth and development and solve their problems is to use what they have learned from research.MethodsA descriptive and analytic type of study was conducted with the help of experts in the field of health research. The components affecting the research system were obtained via process approach and content analysis methods, and then the position of each component was identified by the Mic Mac technique.ResultsSeventeen influential structural components in the health research system were identified. The leadership and management components had the most direct and indirect influence among other components. The health promotion component had a greater dependency than the other components.ConclusionAll health systems need to provide adequate financial resources and manpower to provide a useful research system. Human resources are the most important inputs to such a system. Components such as the research process, research sustainability, quality, or innovation in research can play a balancing role. Having the right infrastructures for creating, transferring, developing, and getting access to knowledge makes it possible to do systematic science. It is hoped that this science will be used in other results of the health research system, like improving the effectiveness or promoting health.
Spectrum of congenital heart disease in Nepal from 2002–2022: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shrestha Oshan , Thapa Niranjan , Karki Sagun , Khanal Prechha , Pant Prashant , Neopane Arun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCongenital heart diseases are recognized as public health concerns worldwide and Nepal is no exception. This study aims to study congenital heart disease in Nepal on grounds of burden, commonest type, common presentations, and associated noncardiac anomalies so that its spectrum can be known for prompt diagnosis and adoption of screening protocols.MethodsRelevant articles were searched in electronic databases using appropriate search terms and Boolean operators. Data were extracted in Excel and analyzed in Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Software. The proportion was used as an effect measure and a fixed or random‐effect model was used as per the heterogeneity. Forest plots were used to give visual feedback.ResultsA total of nine studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis after a rigorous screening of imported studies. The prevalence of congenital heart disease was 0.7% (Proportion: 0.007; CI: 0.001–0.035; I2: 99.263%). The burden of atrial septal defect was 32.1%, ventricular septal defect was 31.1%, patent ductus arteriosus was 12.6% and Tetralogy of Fallot was 7.3%. The most common presentations were respiratory tract infection (54.7%), developmental delay (49.8%), difficulty in breathing (44.5%), failure to thrive (17.1%), and cyanosis (15.9%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of congenital heart disease in Nepal was 0.7% and the frequency of male patients was higher. The atrial septal defect was the commonest on the whole, while, Tetralogy of Fallot was the commonest among cyanotic variety. Respiratory tract infection was frequently seen at presentation and the most commonly associated noncardiac anomaly was the cleft palate.
Impact of convective tip condition on the transient thermal behavior of wet porous convective radiative exponential profiled inclined longitudinal fin structures subject to heat generation
Authors: Nagaraja Halammanavar Gangadharappa , Gireesha Bijjanal Jayanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA convective‐radiative fully wet porous inclined longitudinal fin of exponential profile is the focus of the current work. The thermal behavior of the fin under unsteady conditions has been analyzed for adiabatic and convective boundary conditions. The exponential fin and its counterpart inverted exponential fin are simultaneously investigated by considering temperature‐relevant thermal conductivity and heat generation. The modeled governing equation upon nondimensionalization reduces to a partial differential equation which is computed by employing the finite difference approach. The impact of relevant parameters like the convective parameter, radiative parameter, wet porous parameter, dimensionless time, exponential index, dimensionless ambient temperature, generation number, thermal conductivity parameter, and angle of inclination on thermal characteristics of exponential and inverted exponential fin structures with adiabatic and convective boundary restrictions have been examined. One of the main outcomes was that the inverted exponential fin with an adiabatic tip gives rise to the highest thermal curve, and the tapered exponential fin with a convective tip resulted in the lowest thermal curve.
Protective effects of cordycepin pretreatment against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Liu Yunxia , Sheng Mingwei , Jia Lili , Zhu Min , Yu Wenli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionCordycepin has been reported to exhibit hepatic protective and anti‐inflammatory properties. Here, we investigated the role of cordycepin in ischemia/reperfusion (IR)‐induced liver injury in a mouse model.MethodsMice were pretreated with cordycepin by gavage for 3 weeks, followed by the establishment of the IR modeling. Liver injury, Suzuki's histological grading, hepatic apoptosis, and inflammatory responses were evaluated by biochemical and pathological analysis.ResultsIt was found that Cordycepin pretreatment at 50 mg/kg for 3 weeks attenuated IR‐induced liver injury, as reflected by the significant decrease of the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and low‐density lipoprotein. Cordycepin pretreatment also reduced histopathological changes, attenuated hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammatory responses in the livers of IR mice. Mechanically, toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa‐B signaling in liver tissues was inhibited by Cordycepin pretreatment.ConclusionsIn conclusion, Cordycepin pretreatment protects IR‐induced liver injury, which demonstrates its potential for the treatment of IR in the liver.
Reframing caring for parents who struggle with substance‐use disorders
Authors: Mayes Linda C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNancy Suchman and the colleagues she influenced have produced ground‐breaking and attitude‐challenging work in understanding how parenting and substance use come together. Dr Suchman and her colleagues make the claim that there is nothing about a substance‐use disorder that precludes effective and sensitive caring for children especially with interventions that focus on the parent–child relationship. Suchman's legacy is to highlight how substance use as an illness pulls individuals away from important, caring relationships and limits their giving themselves to those relationships. Restoring the salience of caring relationships and of the individual's ability to care may be as impactful on their substance use as a strict focus on the reduction of drug use and achieving abstinence.
Three‐dimensional, label‐free cell viability measurements in tissue engineering scaffolds using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Babakhanova Greta , Agrawal Anant , Arora Deepika , Horenberg Allison , Budhathoki Jagat B. , Dunkers Joy P. , Chalfoun Joe , Bajcsy Peter , Simon Carl G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the field of tissue engineering, 3D scaffolds and cells are often combined to yield constructs that are used as therapeutics to repair or restore tissue function in patients. Viable cells are often required to achieve the intended mechanism of action for the therapy, where the live cells may build new tissue or may release factors that induce tissue regeneration. Thus, there is a need to reliably measure cell viability in 3D scaffolds as a quality attribute of a tissue‐engineered medical product. Here, we developed a noninvasive, label‐free, 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) method to rapidly (2.5 min) image large sample volumes (1 mm3) to assess cell viability and distribution within scaffolds. OCT imaging was assessed using a model scaffold‐cell system consisting of a polysaccharide‐based hydrogel seeded with human Jurkat cells. Four test systems were used: hydrogel seeded with live cells, hydrogel seeded with heat‐shocked or fixed dead cells and hydrogel without any cells. Time series OCT images demonstrated changes in the time‐dependent speckle patterns due to refractive index (RI) variations within live cells that were not observed for pure hydrogel samples or hydrogels with dead cells. The changes in speckle patterns were used to generate live‐cell contrast by image subtraction. In this way, objects with large changes in RI were binned as live cells. Using this approach, on average, OCT imaging measurements counted 326 ± 52 live cells per 0.288 mm3 for hydrogels that were seeded with 288 live cells (as determined by the acridine orange‐propidium iodide cell counting method prior to seeding cells in gels). Considering the substantial uncertainties in fabricating the scaffold‐cell constructs, such as the error from pipetting and counting cells, a 13% difference in the live‐cell count is reasonable. Additionally, the 3D distribution of live cells was mapped within a hydrogel scaffold to assess the uniformity of their distribution across the volume. Our results demonstrate a real‐time, noninvasive method to rapidly assess the spatial distribution of live cells within a 3D scaffold that could be useful for assessing tissue‐engineered medical products.
A density functional theory study of van der Waals interaction in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Houng‐Wei , Hayashi Michitoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the effect of van der Waals force in zigzag carbon nanotubes (CNTs) including single‐wall CNT (SWCNT) and double‐walled CNT (DWCNT) structures with several interaction configurations. The solid‐state density functional theory is employed to calculate the geometric optimization, normal mode frequencies, and IR and Raman spectra with the periodic boundary condition. For SWCNTs, we find that the Raman intensity is not affected by the tube diameter or the electronic structure. The IR absorption, however, increases with the tube diameter. We find that the close metallicity of the electronic structure has a significant impact on the IR simulations. When the van der Waals force is applied outside the CNTs at a distance longer than 3.0, the effect on Raman spectra is minimal but some effects can still be confirmed by IR absorption. When the van der Waals force acts inside the CNTs, the effect on the spectrum can be observed, especially at a distance of 2.8 Å, both IR and Raman can be significantly enhanced in many modes.
NIR‐II fluorescent nanophosphors for bio‐imaging
Authors: Satpathy Aishwarya , Su Ting‐Yi , Huang Wen‐Tse , Liu Ru‐Shi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe design of nanoprobes in the second window near‐infrared region has grasped a substantial amount of attention due to the flexible emission in the second near‐infrared region (NIR‐II) region (1,000–1,700 nm). In addition, this region provides the advantage of reduced photon scattering with less autofluorescence for improvement during in vivo fluorescence imaging. NIR‐II nanoprobes such as quantum dots, AIEgens, carbon nanotubes, and polymers are in a constant state of evolution for improved NIR‐II emission. Among these probes, lanthanides are explored the most for NIR‐II imaging applications. Moreover, nanophosphors, although in their nascent form, are interesting compounds due to their good luminescence properties with efficient energy transfer processes. Our review aims to give insight into nanophosphors, mainly for biological imaging applications. We will also provide a comparative study of lanthanides and nanophosphors for understanding the mechanism and importance of nanophosphors in the future bio‐imaging field.
Rapid two‐stage amplification in a single tube for simultaneous detection of norovirus GII and group a rotavirus
Authors: Li Feng‐yu , Guo Ying‐hui , Sun Zhen‐lu , Liu Hong , Zhao Meng‐chuan , Cui Jia , Jiang Yue , Shen Xin‐xin , Ma Xue‐jun , Feng Zhi‐shan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe most prevalent viruses currently causing diarrhea are norovirus and rotavirus, and rapid and sensitive detection methods are essential for the early diagnosis of disease. The purpose of this study was to establish a sensitive single‐tube two‐stage nucleic acid amplification method—reverse transcription recombinase‐assisted PCR (RT‐RAP)—for simultaneous detection of norovirus GII and group A Rotavirus, with the first stage consisting of isothermal reverse transcription recombinase‐aided amplification (RT‐RAA) and the second stage consisting of qPCR (quantitative PCR). RT‐RAP is more sensitive than either RT‐RAA or qRT‐PCR (quantitative RT‐PCR) alone. And the addition of a barrier that can be disassembled after heating enabled the detection of samples within 1 h in a single closed tube. Sensitivity was 10 copies/reaction of norovirus (Novs) GII and group A rotavirus (RVA). In parallel, two hundred fecal specimens were used to evaluate the method and compare it with a commercial fluorescent quantitative RT‐PCR. The data showed kappa values of 0.957 and 0.98 (p < 0.05) for detecting Novs GII and RVA by the two methods, indicating the potential of the newly established assay to be applied to clinical and laboratory testing.
The origin and evolution of emerged swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus with zoonotic potential
Authors: Yu De , Zhao Zhuang‐Yan , Yang Yong‐Le , Qin Yu , Pan Dan , Yuan Li‐Xia , Huang Yao‐Wei , Wang Bin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSwine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS‐CoV) is a newly discovered alphacoronavirus with zoonotic potential that causes diarrhea and vomiting mainly in piglets. Having emerged suddenly in 2017, the prevailing opinion is that the virus originated from HKU2, an alphacoronavirus whose primary host is bats, and at some unknown point achieved interspecies transmission via some intermediate. Here, we further explore the evolutionary history and possible cross‐species transmission event for SADS‐CoV. Coevolutionary analysis demonstrated that HKU2 may have achieved host switch via SADS‐related (SADSr)‐CoV, which was isolated from the genus Rhinolophus in 2017. SADS‐CoV, HKU2, and SADSr‐CoV share similar codon usage patterns and showed a lower tendency to use CpG, which may reflect a method of immune escape. The analyses of virus‐host coevolution and recombination support SADSr‐CoV is the direct source of SADS‐CoV that may have undergone recombination events during its formation. Structure‐based spike glycoprotein variance analysis revealed a more nuanced evolutionary pathway to receptor recognition for host switch. We did not find a possible positive selection site, and the dN/dS of the S gene was only 0.29, which indicates that the current SADS‐CoV is slowly evolving. These results provide new insights that may help predict future cross‐species transmission, and possibly surveil future zoonotic outbreaks and associated public health emergencies.
Increasing rates of general anesthesia use in lumpectomy procedures: A 15‐year trends analysis
Authors: Rubenstein Robyn N. , Tadros Audree , Slutsky Hanna L. , Plotsker Ethan L. , Haglich Kathryn , Stern Carrie S. , Morrow Monica , Nelson Jonas A. , Nelson Priscilla 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnesthesia methods in oncologic breast surgery have evolved with less invasive practices. The aims of this study were primarily to examine trends in anesthesia type used during lumpectomy.MethodsWe analyzed lumpectomy procedures from 2005 to 2019 using the NSQIP database. Upon defining the nadir in general anesthesia (GA) and peak in monitored anesthesia care (MAC) use as 2007, we compared patient characteristics and complications in the 2007 versus 2019 GA and MAC cohorts. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations with receipt of GA.ResultsOf 253 545 lumpectomy patients, 191 773 (75.6%) received GA and 61 772 (24.4%) received MAC. From 2005 to 2019, GA rates increased from 66.7% to 82.5%, while MAC rates decreased from 33.3% to 17.5%. More GA patients were obese and American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3. Over time, age and body mass index (BMI) increased in both GA and MAC cohorts. Odds of receiving GA increased over time, and predictors included concurrent axillary lymph node dissection (p < 0.0001) or sentinel lymph node biopsy (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsWe demonstrate increasing use of GA over time for lumpectomy, which may be related to aging lumpectomy patient population with higher BMIs. We also find a strong association between use of GA and concurrent lymph node procedures.
Optical coherence tomography biomarkers for myopic choroidal neovascularization treated with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Lee Daniel Yu , Wu Po‐Ying , Sheu Shwu‐Jiuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers for specific retinal diseases have been found to be associated with treatment outcome and disease recurrence. The main purposes of this study were to identify OCT biomarkers for myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) treated with intravitreal injection of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF). OCT features in 43 eyes of 39 patients with mCNV treated with anti‐VEGF with at least 1 year of follow‐up were retrospectively analyzed. Eyes with subretinal hyperreflective material (SHM) in baseline spectral‐domain OCT (SD‐OCT) had significantly more visual improvement than eyes without SHM at month 6 (p = 0.007) and had a trend of more visual improvement than eyes without SHM (p = 0.058) at month 12. Eyes with subretinal fluid (SRF) at baseline had significantly more central retinal thickness (CRT) decrease than patients without SRF at month 6 and 12 (p = 0.012 and 0.006 respectively). In univariate regression analysis, dome‐shaped macula (DSM), SRF in baseline OCT image and fuzzy border of mCNV when entering pro re nata (PRN) injection protocol tended to have higher risk of disease recurrence in 1 year (odds ratio: 14.86 (p = 0.003), 3.75 (p = 0.049) and 22.92 (p < 0.001) respectively). However, they were not significant in multivariate regression analysis. OCT biomarkers at baseline could provide prognostic information for mCNV management.
Enhancing High‐Temperature Energy Density through Al2O3 Nanoplates with Charge Barrier Effect in Polyetherimide‐Based Composites
Authors: Yang Xuelin , Li Hongye , Xie Xinyue , Liu Xiaolin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolymer‐based dielectric composites have a wide range of applications in modern electronics and power systems owing to their incomparable reliability, but remain a challenge to energy density at high temperatures. In this work, polyetherimide (PEI)‐based nanocomposites with a small amount of aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoplates are prepared and obtain excellent energy density at elevated temperatures. The high‐temperature energy density of the nanocomposites is significantly improved and reaches to 5.2 J cm−3 at 550 kV mm−1 and 150 °C after adding 0.6 wt% Al2O3 nanoplates. The enhanced energy density is attributed to the wide band gap and flaky morphology of Al2O3 nanoplates that can induce charge barrier effect and thus reduce the leakage current density within the nanocomposites. Furthermore, finite element simulations further reveal the mechanism of Al2O3 nanoplates acting as charge barrier to capture the charges transmitted from PEI matrix at the interface. This work offers a promising pathway to high‐energy density polymer dielectrics capable of operating under high temperatures.