bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Boolean Formulas as Explanations in Practice
Authors: Jaakkola Reijo , Janhunen Tomi , Kuusisto Antti , Rankooh Masood Feyzbakhsh , Vilander Miikka 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate explainability via short Boolean formulas in the data model based on unary relations. As an explanation of lengthk, we take a Boolean formula of lengthkthat minimizes the error with respect to the target attribute to be explained. We first provide novel quantitative bounds for the expected error in this scenario. We then also demonstrate how the setting works in practice by studying three concrete data sets. In each case, we calculate explanation formulas of different lengths using an encoding in Answer Set Programming. The most accurate formulas we obtain achieve errors similar to other methods on the same data sets. However, due to overfitting, these formulas are not necessarily ideal explanations, so we use cross validation to identify a suitable length for explanations. By limiting to shorter formulas, we obtain explanations that avoid overfitting but are still reasonably accurate and also, importantly, human interpretable.
Food Security in Rural Bihar: Some Findings from a Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Dutta Swati , Mishra Sunil K. , Sharma Alakh N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBihar is among the poorest states in the country with a very high incidence of poverty. Although in recent years it has witnessed a high rate of growth, the state continues to be among the economically most backward states, with one of the lowest per capita incomes. During the year 2020–21, the per capita net state domestic product (NSDP) of Bihar (Rs. 46,292) was only 36 per cent of India (Rs. 128,829).
Carroll stories
Authors: de Boer Jan , Hartong Jelle , Obers Niels A. , Sybesma Watse , Vandoren Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study various aspects of the Carroll limit in which the speed of light is sent to zero. A large part of this paper is devoted to the quantization of Carroll field theories. We show that these exhibit infinite degeneracies in the spectrum and may suffer from non-normalizable ground states. As a consequence, partition functions of Carroll systems are ill-defined and do not lead to sensible thermodynamics. These seemingly pathological properties might actually be a virtue in the context of flat space holography.Better defined is the Carroll regime, in which we consider the leading order term in an expansion around vanishing speed of light without taking the strict Carroll limit. Such an expansion may lead to sensible notions of Carroll thermodynamics. An interesting example is a gas of massless particles with an imaginary chemical potential conjugate to the momentum. In the Carroll regime we show that the partition function of such a gas leads to an equation of state with w = −1.As a separate story, we study aspects of Carroll gravity and couplings to Carrollian energy-momentum tensors. We discuss many examples of solutions to Carroll gravity, including wormholes, Maxwell fields, solutions with a cosmological constant, and discuss the structure of geodesics in a Carroll geometry. The coupling of matter to Carroll gravity also allows us to derive energy-momentum tensors for hypothetical Carroll fluids from expanding relativistic fluids as well as directly from hydrostatic partition functions.
Quasi-Arithmetic Means Ad Libitum
Authors: Leonetti Paolo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet $$\alpha _1, \ldots , \alpha _m$$

α
1

,
…
,

α
m

be two or more positive reals with sum 1, let $$C\subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^k$$

C
⊆

R

k

be an open convex set, and $$f: C\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^k$$

f
:
C
→

R

k

be a continuous injection with convex image. For each nonempty set $$S\subseteq C$$

S
⊆
C

, let $${\mathscr {M}}(S)$$

M
(
S
)

be the family of quasi-arithmetic means of all m-tuples of vectors in C with respect to f and the weights $$\alpha _1,\ldots ,\alpha _m$$

α
1

,
…
,

α
m

, that is, the family $$\begin{aligned} {\mathscr {M}}(S)= \left\{ f^{-1}\left( \alpha _1f(x_1)+\cdots +\alpha _mf(x_m)\right) : x_1,\ldots ,x_m \in S \right\} . \end{aligned}$$

M

(
S
)

=

f

-
1

α
1

f

(

x
1

)

+
⋯
+

α
m

f

(

x
m

)

:

x
1

,
…
,

x
m

∈
S

.

We provide a simple necessary and sufficient condition on S for which the infinite iteration $$\bigcup _{n}{\mathscr {M}}^n(S)$$

⋃
n

M

n

(
S
)

is relatively dense in the convex hull of S.
Isotope-labeling in situ derivatization and HS-SPME arrow GC–MS/MS for simultaneous determination of fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters in aqueous matrices
Authors: Tintrop Lucie K. , Lieske-Overgrand Jana R. , Wickneswaran Kaliyani , Abis Rukiyye , Brunstermann Ruth , Jochmann Maik A. , Schmidt Torsten C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFatty acids (FAs) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) co-occur in many samples, and analysis of both substance classes is frequently of high interest. To this end, this study introduces the first method for simultaneous determination of FAs and FAMEs including fully automated solvent-free solid-phase microextraction (SPME) arrow headspace extraction combined with isotope-labeling in situ FA derivatization with deuterated methanol (CD3OD). By using the chromatographic isotope effect (ΔRt = 0.03 min) and the + 3 m/z mass shift, FAs can be selectively differentiated from the FAMEs during gas chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) operated in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) aquisition mode. Additionally, an approach is presented to predict the retention times of deuterated compounds. Optimization of the derivatization conditions was accomplished by design of experiments and found to be 20 min, 50 °C, 4 v/v% CD3OD, and pH 2.1. During method validation, FAs and FAMEs were calibrated in different concentration ranges by standard addition in five real matrices and ultrapure water leading to good linearities and method detection limits for FAs ranging from 1–30 µg L−1 and for FAMEs from 0.003–0.72 µg L−1. FAs and FAMEs were detected in real samples from surface water, wastewater treatment plant effluent, and three different bioreactor samples and could be quantified in concentrations ranging from 2–1056 µg L−1 for FAs and 0.01–14 µg L−1 for FAMEs.
Graphical Abstract
On the birational section conjecture with strong birationality assumptions
Authors: Bresciani Giulio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLet$X$Xbe a curve over a field$k$kfinitely generated over ℚ and$t$tan indeterminate. We prove that, if$s$sis a section of$\pi _{1}(X)\to \operatorname{Gal}(k)$π1(X)→Gal(k)such that the base change$s_{k(t)}$sk(t)is birationally liftable, then$s$scomes from geometry. As a consequence we prove that the section conjecture is equivalent to the cuspidalization of all sections over all finitely generated fields.
b-Coloring Parameterized by Clique-Width
Authors: Jaffke Lars , Lima Paloma T. , Lokshtanov Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe provide a polynomial-time algorithm for b-Coloring on graphs of constant clique-width. This unifies and extends nearly all previously known polynomial time results on graph classes, and answers open questions posed by Campos and Silva (Algorithmica 80(1), 104–115, 2018) and Bonomo et al. (Graphs and Combinatorics 25(2), 153–167, 2009). This constitutes the first result concerning structural parameterizations of this problem. We show that the problem is $$\textsf{FPT}$$
FPT
when parameterized by the vertex cover number on general graphs, and on chordal graphs when parameterized by the number of colors. Additionally, we observe that our algorithm for graphs of bounded clique-width can be adapted to solve the Fall Coloring problem within the same runtime bound. The running times of the clique-width based algorithms for $$b$$
b
-Coloring and Fall Coloring are tight under the Exponential Time Hypothesis.
Genomic and proteomic characterization of vB_SauM-UFV_DC4, a novel Staphylococcus jumbo phage
Authors: da Silva Jéssica Duarte , Melo Luís D. R. , Santos Sílvio B. , Kropinski Andrew M. , Xisto Mariana Fonseca , Dias Roberto Sousa , da Silva Paes Isabela , Vieira Marcella Silva , Soares José Júnior Ferreira , Porcellato Davide , da Silva Duarte Vinícius , de Paula Sérgio Oliveira 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Staphylococcusaureus is one of the most relevant mastitis pathogens in dairy cattle, and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes presents a significant health issue in both veterinary and human fields. Among the different strategies to tackle S. aureus infection in livestock, bacteriophages have been thoroughly investigated in the last decades; however, few specimens of the so-called jumbo phages capable of infecting S. aureus have been described. Herein, we report the biological, genomic, and structural proteomic features of the jumbo phage vB_SauM-UFV_DC4 (DC4). DC4 exhibited a remarkable killing activity against S. aureus isolated from the veterinary environment and stability at alkaline conditions (pH 4 to 12). The complete genome of DC4 is 263,185 bp (GC content: 25%), encodes 263 predicted CDSs (80% without an assigned function), 1 tRNA (Phe-tRNA), multisubunit RNA polymerase, and an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Moreover, comparative analysis revealed that DC4 can be considered a new viral species belonging to a new genus DC4 and showed a similar set of lytic proteins and depolymerase activity with closely related jumbo phages. The characterization of a new S. aureus jumbo phage increases our understanding of the diversity of this group and provides insights into the biotechnological potential of these viruses.

Key points
• vB_SauM-UFV_DC4 is a new viral species belonging to a new genus within the class Caudoviricetes.
• vB_SauM-UFV_DC4 carries a set of RNA polymerase subunits and an RNA-directed DNA polymerase.
• vB_SauM-UFV_DC4 and closely related jumbo phages showed a similar set of lytic proteins.
Long-axial field-of-view PET/CT for the assessment of inflammation in calcified coronary artery plaques with [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC
Authors: Mingels Clemens , Sari Hasan , Gözlügöl Nasir , Bregenzer Carola , Knappe Luisa , Krieger Korbinian , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Pyka Thomas , Nardo Lorenzo , Gräni Christoph , Alberts Ian , Rominger Axel , Caobelli Federico 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Inflamed, prone-to-rupture coronary plaques are an important cause of myocardial infarction and their early identification is crucial. Atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by overexpression of the type-2 somatostatin receptor (SST2) in activated macrophages. SST2 ligand imaging (e.g. with [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC) has shown promise in detecting and quantifying the inflammatory activity within atherosclerotic plaques. However, the sensitivity of standard axial field of view (SAFOV) PET scanners may be suboptimal for imaging coronary arteries. Long-axial field of view (LAFOV) PET/CT scanners may help overcome this limitation. We aim to assess the ability of [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC LAFOV-PET/CT in detecting calcified, SST2 overexpressing coronary artery plaques.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 108 oncological patients underwent [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT on a LAFOV system. [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC uptake and calcifications in the coronary arteries were evaluated visually and semi-quantitatively. Data on patients’ cardiac risk factors and coronary artery calcium score were also collected. Patients were followed up for 21.5 ± 3.4 months.

Results
A total of 66 patients (61.1%) presented with calcified coronary artery plaques. Of these, 32 patients had increased [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC uptake in at least one coronary vessel (TBR: 1.65 ± 0.53). Patients with single-vessel calcifications showed statistically significantly lower uptake (SUVmax 1.10 ± 0.28) compared to patients with two- (SUVmax 1.31 ± 0.29, p < 0.01) or three-vessel calcifications (SUVmax 1.24 ± 0.33, p < 0.01). There was a correlation between coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC uptake, especially in the LAD (p = 0.02). Stroke and all-cause death occurred more frequently in patients with increased [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC uptake (15.63% vs. 0%; p:0.001 and 21.88% vs. 6.58%; p: 0.04, respectively) during the follow-up period.

Conclusion
[68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC as a marker for the macrophage activity can reveal unknown cases of inflamed calcified coronary artery plaques using a LAFOV PET system. [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC uptake increased with the degree of calcification and correlated with higher risk of stroke and all-cause death. [68 Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC LAFOV PET/CT may be useful to assess patients’ cardiovascular risk.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen radioguided surgery with negative histopathology: an in-depth analysis
Authors: Koehler Daniel , Trappe Samuel , Shenas Farzad , Karimzadeh Amir , Apostolova Ivayla , Klutmann Susanne , Ambrosini Francesca , Budäus Lars , Falkenbach Fabian , Knipper Sophie , Maurer Tobias 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To identify reasons for negative histopathology of specimens from prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioguided surgery (PSMA-RGS) in recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) after prostatectomy.

Methods
Of 302 patients who underwent PSMA-RGS, 17 (5.6%) demonstrated a negative histopathology. Preoperative data, PSMA PET, PSMA SPECT, and follow-up information were analyzed retrospectively to differentiate true/false positive (TP/FP) from true/false negative (TN/FN) lesions.

Results
The median prostate-specific antigen at PET was 0.4 ng/ml (interquartile range [IQR] 0.3–1.2). Twenty-five index lesions (median short axis 7 mm, IQR 5–8; median long-axis 12 mm, IQR 8–17) had a median SUVmax of 4 (IQR 2.6–6; median PSMA expression score 1, IQR 1–1). Six lesions were TP, twelve were FP, one was TN, and six remained unclear. All TP lesions were in the prostatic fossa or adjacent to the internal iliac arteries. Three suspected local recurrences were FP. All FP lymph nodes were located at the distal external iliac arteries or outside the pelvis. A low PSMA-expressing TN node was identified next to a common iliac artery. Unclear lesions were located next to the external iliac arteries or outside the pelvis.

Conclusion
In most cases with a negative histopathology from PSMA-RGS, lesions were FP on PSMA PET. Unspecific uptake should be considered in low PSMA-expressing lymph nodes at the distal external iliac arteries or outside the pelvis, especially if no PSMA-positive lymph nodes closer to the prostatic fossa are evident. Rarely, true positive metastases were missed by surgery or histopathology.
Dear territory or dear partner? Causes and consequences of breeding dispersal in a highly territorial bird of prey with a strong pair bond
Authors: Passarotto Arianna , Morosinotto Chiara , Brommer Jon E. , Aaltonen Esa , Ahola Kari , Karstinen Teuvo , Karell Patrik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTerritorial species are unlikely to show extensive movements between breeding seasons. This is especially true for long-lived species, which often have strong pair bonding and can occupy the same territory for years. However, also in such species, individuals may face situations that can lead to a territory shift. Here, we use a comprehensive dataset documenting 40 years of breeding behavior in tawny owl (Strix aluco) – a long-lived species with high site tenacity and mate fidelity – to examine the factors affecting the decisions whether or not to move to another breeding territory and how far, as well as the fitness consequences thereof. We found that the likelihood and distance of movement in either sexes is strongly associated with a change of partner, indicating that mate loss may cause breeding dispersal. Moreover, mate change, not movement to a new territory, had negative effects on subsequent reproductive performance: individuals that changed partner were more likely to skip reproduction in the subsequent year and, in those cases they bred, they produced smaller clutches and raised fewer offspring. Our findings indicate that tawny owls change territory almost exclusively when searching for a new partner and that mate change has profound consequences on their subsequent breeding performance. Overall, our study provides evidence that in tawny owls territoriality and monogamy are associated and strongly linked to fitness, but mate fidelity may be more important than site fidelity, likely because sexes are involved in specific tasks and their cooperation ensures breeding success and, consequently, increases fitness.Significance statementBreeding dispersal, the movement of individuals between breeding sites, can entail high costs for animal fitness, especially for territorial species, which display strong site fidelity. We studied the factors associated with breeding dispersal and the consequences on breeding performances in tawny owl (Strix aluco), a highly territorial species. We found that tawny owls moved more frequently to another breeding territory when the mate died. Either sexes showed an equal probability to move, but the effect was stronger in females than in males after a mate change. Moreover, owls that changed partner showed delayed reproduction, smaller clutch and a higher probability to skip reproduction. Our findings show that in tawny owls territoriality and monogamy are associated and strongly linked to fitness, but mate fidelity may be more important than site fidelity, likely because sexes share the costs of holding the territory.
Indicators for a circular economy in a regional context: an approach based on Wielkopolska region, Poland
Authors: Cader Justyna , Koneczna Renata , Marciniak Artur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the European Commission has made a significant commitment to transition to a circular economy (CE). At the same time, tracking progress in CE implementation remains a major challenge, especially at the regional level. In this context, a set of CE indicators has been proposed for key areas of a selected region of Poland – Wielkopolska, as an area promoting a holistic approach to development through the CE concept. The available scientific literature and key national and regional policies were reviewed. In addition, a desk-research analysis of 22 CE strategic documents of European regions was performed. Applying the aforementioned methods and expert interviews, a set of key 93 indicators was selected within the province’s dominant industries, such as agri-food, industrial processing, mobility and transport, construction and energy. Also, focus was paid to the socio-innovation area. The proposed framework for tracking CE development allows adequate capture of CE’s effects at the regional level. They also provide recommendations for creating monitoring in regions with similar economic profiles.
Bleeding pattern and consumption of factor VIII concentrate in adult patients with haemophilia A without inhibitors in the Czech Republic between 2013 and 2021 (Czech National Haemophilia Programme registry data)
Authors: Romanová Gabriela , Smejkal Petr , Ovesná Petra , Drbohlavová Eva , Dulíček Petr , Hajšmanová Zdeňka , Hluší Antonín , Hrdličková Radka , Ullrychová Jana , Vonke Ivan , Blatný Jan , Čermáková Zuzana , Zápotocká Ester , Penka Miroslav 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe manuscript provides an overview of treatment and its changes in adult patients with haemophilia A without inhibitors in the Czech Republic between 2013 and 2021 using data from the registry of the Czech National Haemophilia Programme (CNHP). Over a 9-year period, we focused on the reduction in the annual bleeding rate (ABR), joint bleeding rate (AJBR) and factor VIII consumption when patients with severe haemophilia A switched from on-demand treatment to prophylaxis. The ABR and AJBR include both patient-reported home treatment and treated hospitalisation episodes. All adult patients with severe haemophilia A were categorised into three groups according to the therapeutic regimen. The first group was patients on prophylaxis during the follow-up period, the second group consisted of patients on on-demand treatment, and the third group was patients who received both treatment regimens during follow-up. With an increase in the proportion of patients with severe haemophilia A on prophylaxis from 37 to 74% between 2013 and 2021, the ABR for all patients with severe haemophilia A decreased approximately 6.9-fold, and the AJBR decreased 8.7-fold. Expectedly, the factor consumption increased by approximately 68.5%. In the group of patients with severe haemophilia A who had switched from an on-demand to a prophylactic regimen, the total number of bleeding events decreased 3.5-fold, and the number of joint bleeding episodes decreased 3.9-fold. Factor VIII consumption increased by 78.4%. Our study supports a previously reported positive effect of prophylaxis on bleeding control. We believe that the substantial improvement in ABR justifies the increased treatment costs.
The effects of hydroxychloroquine and its promising use in refractory obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Fierro Juan J. , Velásquez-Berrío Manuela , Ospina Alexandra , Henning Svenja , de Leeuw Karina , Cadavid J Ángela P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is obtained by hydroxylation of chloroquine (CQ) and the first indication was malaria. Nowadays, HCQ is commonly used in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with favorable results. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity and persistent positivity of antiphospholipid antibodies. Around 20–30% of pregnant women with APS develop adverse pregnancy outcomes despite conventional treatment with aspirin and heparin, called refractory obstetric APS. Interestingly, HCQ has shown positive effects on top of the standard of care in some refractory obstetric APS patients. HCQ mechanisms of action in APS comprise its ability to bind sialic acid present in cell membranes, its capacity to block the binding of antiphospholipid antibodies to the cell and the induced increase of pH in extracellular and intracellular compartments. However, the precise mechanisms of HCQ in the specific situation of refractory APS still need to be fully clarified. Therefore, this review summarizes the known modulating effects of HCQ and CQ, their side effects and use in APS and different pathologies to understand the benefit effects and the mechanism of action of HCQ in refractory obstetric APS.
Recent advances in the genomic resources for sheep
Authors: Woolley Shernae A. , Salavati Mazdak , Clark Emily L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSheep (Ovis aries) provide a vital source of protein and fibre to human populations. In coming decades, as the pressures associated with rapidly changing climates increase, breeding sheep sustainably as well as producing enough protein to feed a growing human population will pose a considerable challenge for sheep production across the globe. High quality reference genomes and other genomic resources can help to meet these challenges by: (1) informing breeding programmes by adding a priori information about the genome, (2) providing tools such as pangenomes for characterising and conserving global genetic diversity, and (3) improving our understanding of fundamental biology using the power of genomic information to link cell, tissue and whole animal scale knowledge. In this review we describe recent advances in the genomic resources available for sheep, discuss how these might help to meet future challenges for sheep production, and provide some insight into what the future might hold.