bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with an unsuppressed viral load among HIV-positive sexually transmitted infected patients attending STI services in South Africa, 2019
Authors: Mapiye Marceline , Ravhuhali Khuliso , de Voux Alex , Kufa Tendesayi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background South Africa has a high burden of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In the absence of viral suppression, STIs may facilitate the onward transmission of HIV to uninfected partners. We determined factors associated with having an unsuppressed VL among HIV-positive patients attending STI services in South Africa.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data on HIV-positive patients attending STI services at STI sentinel sites in Western Cape and Gauteng provinces between January–December 2019 in South Africa. We described the HIV-positive patients attending STI services by demographic and clinical factors. A Poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with having an unsuppressed VL (> 50 copies/ml), considering a p-value cut-off of 0.25 for inclusion in a multivariable model and 95% CI with P < 0.05 statistically significant.Results Among the 93 HIV-positive patients attending STI services with VL data, the median age was 32 years (IQR 27–37 years). Overall, 32 (34.41%) patients were on ART and 61 (65.59%) were not on ART. The majority of patients (90.63%) on ART were aged ≥ 25 years and 65.20% (61) were male. The median HIV VL was 8011 RNA copies/ml (IQR = 78–99171). More than half of the patients on ART had an unsuppressed VL (56.25%) and 86.89% of those not on ART had an unsuppressed VL. After adjusting for age, gender, STI syndrome and ART use; factors associated with having an unsuppressed VL included age < 25 years (adjusted prevalence rate ratio [aPRR] = 1.25, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] = 0.99–1.60) and being female (aPRR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.64–1.97). ART use was associated with a 33% lower prevalence of having an unsuppressed VL (aPRR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.49–0.92). In a subgroup of those on ART, after adjusting for sex partner number, patients < 25 years old had a higher likelihood of having an unsuppressed VL (aPRR = 1.94: 95% CI = 1.27–2.97) compared to those aged ≥ 25 years old.Conclusion The proportion of HIV-positive patients attending STI services reporting ART use was low and STI service patients had a high prevalence of having an unsuppressed VL regardless of ART status. These results are below the global target of 95%. Intensified ART support interventions targeted at young HIV-positive, females seeking STI services could improve viral suppression outcomes.
Correlation between richness of land cover types and landscape function in Jinghe County
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Kun , Lv Jing , Wu Yan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, jinghe County was selected as the study area, and the correlation between land cover richness and landscape function was analyzed based on landscape index from 2003 to 2017. According to the results, landscape diversity is an important driving factor of vegetation productivity and phenology, and its influence on the environmental conditions of maintaining relatively stable landscape pattern across the whole range. The landscape spatial structure in the low-value area (the AREA with DEM less than 800m) is more stable and the fragmentation degree is lower, while the landscape spatial structure in the high-value area (mainly distributed in the DEM2500 m area) is more complex and the fragmentation degree is higher, which is to some extent with the increase of the elevation. The overall heterogeneity and fragmentation of cultivated land were low, and the spatial pattern was stable. The mean value of EVI increased significantly with the increase of vegetation diversity, and the EVI_GS showed the same trend, while the length of growing season decreased significantly. The landscape richness in the study area was significantly positively correlated with Slope and Alt (r = 0.47, P < 0.01). EVI_AVG and EVI_GS were negatively correlated with slope direction and Alt (r = 0.58, P < 0.01, R = 0.54, P < 0.1; Was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation (r = 0.31, P < 0.1; R = 0.34, P < 0.1), indicating that the main vegetation distribution in the study area is obviously correlated with the terrain, and is greatly influenced by the terrain constraints.
Emotions, Worry, Efficacy, and Climate Change Mitigation Behaviors among a Representative Sample of Texas and Florida Residents
Authors: Garfin Dana Rose , Zernick Michelle V , Wong-Parodi Gabrielle 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Individual (e.g., eating less meat, electric car use) and collective (e.g., petition signing, donating money to environmental causes) climate change mitigation behaviors are necessary to thwart the worst effects of the escalating climate crisis. Psychological factors including positive and negative emotional states, worry, and efficacy have been implicated as key correlates of these behaviors; however, little research has explored these relationships in representative samples at high risk for exposure to climate-related hazards (e.g., hurricanes, heat waves, flooding). We assessed climate-change mitigation behaviors in an ongoing study of a probability-based representative sample of 1,479 Texas and Florida residents repeatedly exposed to climate-related hazards including hurricanes, heat waves, flooding, and tornadoes. Controlling for demographics, behavior-related positive emotions (PA) and negative emotions (NA) correlated with engagement in performing greater number of collective (PA: IRR = 2.06, p < .001; NA: IRR = 1.46, p = .030) climate-change mitigation behaviors; individual-level behaviors were associated with PA (IRR = 1.18, p < .001). However, NA was fully mediated by worry about climate-related hazards, which in turn was mediated by worry about climate change specifically. PA was fully mediated by efficacy. In fully adjusted models examining individual emotions, hope, worry about climate change, and behavioral efficacy remained statistically significant predictors of performing greater individual and collective climate-change mitigation behaviors (all ps < .05). Results suggest worry about the climate crisis may be adaptive and that feelings of hope, relative to other emotions (both positive and negative), may be effective at spurring pro-environmental behaviors. Scalable interventions should explore leveraging these psychological experiences to promote climate-change mitigation behaviors.
Quality of life in women with ovarian cancer during first-line chemotherapy concerning the age of the patients
Authors: Bączyk Grażyna , Pleszewa Anna , Formanowicz Dorota , Kozłowska Katarzyna A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the worst prognostic gynaecological cancer and represents a grave clinical and social problem. Therefore, the study aimed to assess female patients' emotional, cognitive, physical and social quality of life. The study included 100 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer and treated with chemotherapy in a day hospital setting in the Department of Radiotherapy and Gynaecological Oncology at the Wielkopolska Oncology Centre Poznań. The patients obtained a standard treatment regimen: paclitaxel 175 mg/m² in a 3-hourly infusion and carboplatin at an AUC of 6 (5–7) following Calvert as a 1-hour infusion for six cycles administered every 21 days. In addition, the standardised questionnaires of the Polish version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQOV28 were used. The analysis of the collected material shows that the patients reported the highest level of general health and quality of life at the study's first phase, i.e. before the start of chemotherapy (mean value 59.67 points). In contrast, the patients' lowest level of general health and quality of life was observed in the fourth phase of the study (mean value of 45.04 points). Detailed data analysis shows that the patients scored highest in the four study phases regarding cognitive functioning. The mean value in the first phase of the study was 77 points. While in the fourth phase of the study, it was 57.98 points. The study indicates that the patients in social functioning represented the lowest quality of life throughout the study process - the numerical mean on the social functioning scale. In the first phase, there were 63.50 points; in the fourth phase, 35.11 points. The problem of side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, affected the entire study group and was more troublesome in the final stage of treatment for all patients. In the study's first phase, the mean score on nausea and vomiting symptom scale was 16 points; in the fourth phase, the mean score was 40.07. Of the clinical factors, the symptom of fatigue was the most severe health problem for the subjects. The mean score of the fatigue scale in the study's first phase was 37.11 points, while a score of 70.33 was obtained in the fourth phase of the research. Women with ovarian cancer during chemotherapy need exceptional support from psychologists, nurses, dieticians and physiotherapists.
Prediction of reported monthly incidence of hepatitis B in Hainan Province of China based on SARIMA-BPNN model
Authors: Fang Kang , Cao Li , Fu Zhenwang , Li Weixia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background To construct a statistical model of the monthly incidence of hepatitis B in Hainan Province of China and predict the monthly incidence of hepatitis B in 2022.Methods Simple central moving average method and seasonal index were used to analyze the trend and seasonal effects of monthly incidence of hepatitis B. Based on the time series of reported monthly incidence of hepatitis B in Hainan Province from 2017 to 2020, a multiplicative seasonal model (SARIMA), multiplicative seasonal model combined with error back propagation neural network model (SARIMA-BPNN), and a gray prediction model were constructed to fit the incidence, and the time series of monthly incidence of hepatitis B in 2021 was used to verify the accuracy of models.Results The lowest and highest monthly incidence of hepatitis B in Hainan Province were in February and August, respectively, and the mean relative error (MAPE) of SARIMA, SARIMA-BPNN, and gray prediction models were 0.089, 0.087, and 0.128, respectively.Conclusions The best fitting model is the SARIMA-BPNN model. The predicted monthly incidence of hepatitis B in 2022 showed a downward trend, with the steepest decline in March, which indicates that the prevention and control of hepatitis B in Hainan Province is effective, and the study can provide scientific and reasonable suggestions for the prevention and control of hepatitis B in Hainan.
Species-Specific Gene Expansion and Expressional Regulation of the Serine Protease Gene Family in Staphylococcus aureus from chronic wounds
Authors: Cao Xiyue , Shi Yulan , Zhao Fei , Song Yihan , Xu Qingrui , Li Fosheng , Qiao Dairong , Dai Yan , Cao Yi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Chronic wounds caused by pressure ulcers, diabetes foot ulcers, lower extremity arteriovenous ulcers, etc., not only increase the pain and mortality of patients, but also increase the social medical burden. The formation of bacterial biofilm is an important reason for the difficulty in healing chronic wounds. Staphylococcus aureus biofilm is an important pathogenic factor leading to the spread of infection in chronic wounds.Results Through comparative genomic analysis of S. aureus isolated from wounds and environmental samples, it was found that the unique genes of the wound isolate were enriched in the serine type peptidase activity, as well as metabolic pathways such as quorum sensing, signal transduction, and two component system. According to the analysis of the serine protease family of S. aureus, it was found that most of S. aureus strains isolated from the wound contains six serine protease-like proteins (SplA, SplB, SplC, SplD, SplE, SplF). The Staphylococcus phase UPMK1 may horizontally transfer the six serine protease-like protein genes to S. aureus in wounds and spread within the species. Through the transcriptome analysis of wild strain JE2 and its gltS knockout strains, it was found that the expression of serine protease genes (S1C, SspA, SplA and SplF) was significantly up-regulated when gltS mutant strains were cultured for 48 h in biofilm formation, which may play an important role in biofilm formation and pathogenicity.Conclusions Staphylococcus phase expand the genome of S. aureus in wounds. The spl serine protease gene of the S. aureus strain from the wound was obtained through horizontal gene transfer. The significant upregulation of gene expression of serine proteases (S1C, SspA, SplA, and SplF) is closely related to the formation of wound biofilm of S. aureus.
A reactive molecular dynamics study of the effect of electrostatic fields on hydrogen combustion
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mueed , Kritikos Efstratios M. , Giusti Andrea 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The effect of external electrostatic fields on the reaction kinetics of hydrogen is investigated using reactive molecular dynamics simulations to give more insight into the use of electromagnetic interactions to control the reactivity of hydrogen systems. Combustion of hydrogen in both pure oxygen and air is studied. Furthermore, two different methods to compute the charge distribution, namely the Charge Equilibration (QEq) and Charge Transfer with Polarization Current Equalization (QTPIE) methods, which model the medium as an ideal conductor and a dielectric, respectively, are used to investigate the role of atomic charges on the reaction kinetics. Results show that the distribution of atomic charges is the major factor to determine the response of the system to external electrostatic fields and that close-range charge transfers are not sufficient to result in any significant change of reactivity for the range of electrostatic fields investigated in this work. Results also show that above a given threshold of the strength of the external electrostatic field, the presence of nitrogen in the systems facilitates a drop in hydrogen’s half-life compared to pure hydrogen-oxygen systems when charge transfers are not limited to close interactions. This threshold depends on ambient conditions and it is a result of the availability of charges that hydrogen and oxygen molecules could acquire. Further computations with electron force field (eFF) show that the electric field could alter the total energy and electro-static potential between the electron-nuclei pair, but the energy variations are at least an order of magnitude lower than the kinetic energy of the system. This suggests that electron dynamics may have a secondary role in the change of reaction kinetics.
Application of Machine Learning Methodology to Track History of Mangrove Forest Change in Macajalar Bay, Northern Mindanao (1950-2020)
Authors: Salvaña Mary Jean , Osa Justin Rhea , Agudo Gifford Jay 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Mangrove forest in Macajalar Bay is regarded as an important ecosystem as it provides numerous ecosystem services. Despite their importance, deforestation has been rampant and has reached critical rates. Addressing this problem and further advancing conservation requires accurate mapping of mangroves, and understand the historical land cover changes. However, such information is sparse and insufficient to understand the change dynamics. In this study, mangrove cover change dynamics for Macajalar Bay, Philippines was determined using Landsat data and machine learning techniques. Vegetation maps derived from aerial photographs and satellite images were used to quantify mangroves and to monitor the rates of deforestation over a 70-year period. In 2020, the mangrove forest cover was estimated to be 187.67 ha, equivalent to only 58.00% of the 325.43 ha that was estimated in 1950. Original mangrove forest that existed in 1950 only represents 8.56% of the 2020 extent, suggesting that much of the old-growth mangrove have been cleared before 2000 and that contemporary mangrove extent is mainly composed of secondary forest. Highest deforestation rates occurred between 1950–1990 where it recorded a total of 258.51 ha, averaging a clearing rate of 6.46 ha/year. Clearing has been driven by large-scale aquaculture pond developments. Mangrove gains were evident in 2000 but it plateaued as it approaches 2020, while loss simultaneously increased since 2010. This indicates that mangroves gained since 2000 have experienced low survival rates. Promoting site-species matching, biophysical assessment, and verification of fishpond availability for mangrove rehabilitation programs are necessary undertakings to address such problems.
Efficient parameter estimation for missing data when many features are fully observed
Authors: Nguyen Thu , Phan Thanh Nhan , Hoang Van Ha , Halvorsen Pål , Riegler Michael , Nguyen Binh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Parameters (mean and covariance matrix) estimation is often a problem of interest since it provides information about the location and variation of the data and correlation between features and can be used for hypothesis testing, principle component analysis, etc. However, it is also common that values in some features of a dataset are missing. A popular way to deal with this problem is to use an Expectation-Maximization algorithm or to impute the missing values and then estimate the parameters based on imputed data. However, the first approach is a local optimization approach that may not converge under a fixed number of iterations. The second one, a two-step approach of imputation and analysis, is computationally inefficient. Therefore, we follow the recent trends of estimating the parameters directly from the data and propose PMF (Parameter estimation for Missing data in some Features) to deal with the aforementioned problems. The experiments show that our approach achieves better performance than other methods under comparison in performance and speed. Moreover, our estimates are asymptotic.
Association of genetic variants located at the Adenylate Cyclase 5 (ADCY5) and Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor (PTH1R) genes with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladeshi population
Authors: Nawar Noshin , Alam Badrul , Fa Ar-Rafi Md. , Khan Safayat Mahmud , Hosen Ismail , Shekhar Hossain U. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Genome-Wide Association Studies have identified genetic polymorphisms located at the Adenylate Cyclase 5 (ADCY5) and Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor (PTH1R) genes on chromosome 3 as susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different population. The present study investigates the association of these two susceptibility loci (rs11708067 at the ADCY5 and rs11926707 at the PTH1R gene) with T2DM in Bangladeshi population. Furthermore, the association of circulating levels of vitamin D, Calcium (Ca), phosphate, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with T2DM and the different genotypes of these SNPs were also studied.Methods and Materials A total of 415 individuals (211 T2DM patients and 204 healthy controls) were enrolled in the current study. The rs11708067 and rs11926707 were genotyped using the Taqman SNP Genotyping Assays. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed for parameter associations with T2DM.Results In a sex-stratified analysis, the variant allele of the ADCY5 SNP (rs11708067) was associated to T2DM in males (odds ratio = 2.5, p-value = 0.02) but PTH1R SNP (rs11926707) did not show any significant correlation with T2DM (odds ratio 1.0 in both sexes, p-value > 0.05). In the correlation study, phosphate was shown to be significantly linked with Ca (p-value < 0.001) and PTH (p-value < 0.05) in both T2DM and healthy individuals. Lastly, neither SNP revealed any link between vitamin D, calcium, nor phosphate levels, with the exception of PTH.Conclusion Although ADCY5 has been identified as a T2DM susceptible locus in the Bangladeshi male population, the same cannot be said for the PTH1R locus in either males or females.
Accuracy of Non- Invasive Hemoglobin and Venous Blood Gas Hemoglobin Measurements in Comparison with Laboratory Method in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: SOBH OSAMA AHMED , ALSOOFI NAJLA , ALATEFI AFRAH , RAUF SOFIA , AHMED NANCY , ALSULIMAN LAMEES , SALATI SAJDA , ELMAGHRABI MARWA 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Continuous real time monitoring of hemoglobin (Hb) may provide clinical valuable information to guide blood transfusion decisions in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study was designed to evaluate non-invasive hemoglobin (SpHb) and venous blood gas (VBGHb) measurement accuracy in comparison to laboratory hematology measurement (LabHb) in ICU.
Methods: With each blood gas analysis, SpHb was recorded, and venous blood Hb was measured by hematology (LabHb) and blood gas CO-Oximetry (VBGHb).
Results: Compared to LabHb, SpHb showed small bias with better limits of agreement than VBGHb. Mean bias (95% limits of agreement) for SpHb was -0.0557 (-0.5614 to 0.4499) gm/dL and for VBGHb was -0.4734 (-2.8312 to 1.8844). Also for trend accuracy, Modified Bland–Altman analysis showed small bias with better limits of agreement for SpHb trends compared to VBGHb trends. Mean bias (limits of agreement g/dl) for SpHb was -0.0102 (− 0.6317 to 0.6113); for VBGHb was 0.0136 (− 3.5733 to 3.5461).
Conclusion: We concluded that Non-invasive hemoglobin (SpHb) showed acceptable absolute and trend accuracy and excellent correlation with Lab-Hb, which provides an easy, feasible and accurate solution for Hb measurement in ICU.
Identification of the antitumor effects of Apigenin against tongue squamous cell carcinoma on the basis of experimental validation and bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Lai Jianfei , Fang Chen , Zhang Guohua , Shi Chao , yu Feng , Gu Weiguo , Deng Jianxiong , Xu Jingbiao , Liu Chaoxing , Qiu Feng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the most widespread cancers in oral cancer, but the current treatment outcome for TSCC is unsatisfactory. Apigenin has been shown to have antitumor effects in various tumors. However, the potential role of Apigenin (API) in TSCC has not been proven yet.
Methods: The effects of API on the proliferation and migration ability of SCC-9 cells were measured by CCK8 assay and wound-healing assay. RNA-seq was executed to ensure differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SCC-9 cells after API treatment. Then, combined with the gene expression data and relevant individual information of TSCC samples acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), an API-related model was built through Lasso regression and multivariate Cox regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and a nomogram and calibration curve were created to forecast patient outcomes to improve the clinical suitability of the API-related signature. The relationships between the two risk groups and function enrichment, immune infiltration characteristics, and drug susceptibility were analyzed. Furthermore, RNA-seq was performed to verify the expression of API-related genes in SCC-9 cells.
Results: We demonstrated that API could weaken the malignant behavior of SCC-9 cells and availably established the 7-API-related gene model to forecast the prognosis of TSCC patients, which was performed to divide TSCC patients into different risk groups, with risk scores working as an independent factor for participating TSCC related death. Besides, we confirmed that the model could be applied to assess prognostic status, tumor immune cell infiltration, and drug susceptibility. Moreover, TSCC cells treated with API, compared to the control group, have higher levels of TMEM213 and GPR158, and lower levels of CASP14 and ITGA5.
Conclusions: Our research suggested the inhibition effect of API on TSCC cells and provided a substantial foundation for the next study into the links between API-related genes and related functions in TSCC patients.