bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive review of water quality indices for lotic and lentic ecosystems
Authors: Mogane Lazarus Katlego , Masebe Tracy , Msagati Titus A. M. , Ncube Esper 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFreshwater resources play a pivotal role in sustaining life and meeting various domestic, agricultural, economic, and industrial demands. As such, there is a significant need to monitor the water quality of these resources. Water quality index (WQI) models have gradually gained popularity since their maiden introduction in the 1960s for evaluating and classifying the water quality of aquatic ecosystems. WQIs transform complex water quality data into a single dimensionless number to enable accessible communication of the water quality status of water resource ecosystems. To screen relevant articles, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was employed to include or exclude articles. A total of 17 peer-reviewed articles were used in the final paper synthesis. Among the reviewed WQIs, only the Canadian Council for Ministers of the Environment (CCME) index, Irish water quality index (IEWQI) and Hahn index were used to assess both lotic and lentic ecosystems. Furthermore, the CCME index is the only exception from rigidity because it does not specify parameters to select. Except for the West-Java WQI and the IEWQI, none of the reviewed WQI performed sensitivity and uncertainty analysis to improve the acceptability and reliability of the WQI. It has been proven that all stages of WQI development have a level of uncertainty which can be determined using statistical and machine learning tools. Extreme gradient boosting (XGB) has been reported as an effective machine learning tool to deal with uncertainties during parameter selection, the establishment of parameter weights, and determining accurate classification schemes. Considering the IEWQI model architecture and its effectiveness in coastal and transitional waters, this review recommends that future research in lotic or lentic ecosystems focus on addressing the underlying uncertainty issues associated with the WQI model in addition to the use of machine learning techniques to improve the predictive accuracy and robustness and increase the domain of application.
A Theory of Marginal and Large Difference
Authors: Dinis Bruno , Jacinto Bruno 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We propose a new theory based on the notions of marginal and large difference which has natural models in the context of nonstandard mathematics. We introduce the notion of finite marginality and show a representation result which ensures, for finitely marginal countable models, the existence of a homomorphism of the structure of marginal and large difference into a nonstandard model of the natural numbers, and show the extent to which any such homomorphism is unique. Finally, we show that our theory constitutes part of the underlying abstract structure of three distinct philosophical theories of vagueness: Dean’s neofeasibilism, Itzhaki’s theory of nonstandard heuristics, and our own initial sketch of a nonstandard primitivism about vagueness.
I am Offshore! Teaching and Learning in the Time of a Pandemic: A Pilot Study
Authors: Inthiran Anushia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigher education institutions had to quickly adapt to teaching and learning during COVID19. Border closure meant students were stuck offshore and had to learn from afar. This meant a revolutionary change had to be quickly introduced by the teaching team. As for the students, this meant, experiencing teaching and learning in a new way. In this research study, the experiences of offshore students enrolled in a university in New Zealand is explored. Participants in this research study are unique as they are students who have enrolled in a university but have never step foot in New Zealand due to border closure. This setup presents a unique opportunity to gain information on what strategies were used by these students to engage with teaching and learning material. Similarly, a description of teaching and learning strategies used by the teaching team to make teaching and learning seamless for these offshore students is described. Results of this preliminary study indicates that these students had to adapt to cultural issues and technical issues. Offshore students also provide suggestions in relation to strategies that the teaching team could use to help offshore students feel included.
Exploring the Perceived Impact of Parental PTSD on Parents and Parenting Behaviours—A Qualitative Study
Authors: Christie Hope , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine , McGuire Rosie , Bisson Jon I. , Roberts Neil P. , Underwood Jack F. G. , Halligan Sarah L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA considerable number of adults who are currently living with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are also parents caring for at least one biological child. Evidence suggests that parental PTSD can be associated with impairments to certain parenting behaviours, particularly increasing the use of more negative practices. However, most of the evidence to date has been collected using quantitative methodology, which gives limited insight into why such effects might occur. The current study qualitatively explored study the lived experiences of parents currently living with PTSD, within the United Kingdom. Interviews were conducted with 30 parents (16 mothers, 14 fathers) who were recruited via a PTSD research registry, and who had children living at home under the age of 18 years at the time they experienced their trauma. Three main themes were identified: key impacts of the trauma to the parent personally; negative changes to specific parenting outcomes; impact of these parenting changes on the parent’s sense of parental efficacy; and recovery and coping. These findings provide novel insight into the experiences of both mothers and fathers with PTSD, and highlight the multiple challenges faced by parents living with PTSD that extend beyond impairments to themselves as individuals. Potential implications for the implementation of effective support for parents and their families following trauma exposure are considered.
“Let them eat cake”: drought, peasant uprisings, and demand for institutional change in the French Revolution
Authors: Waldinger Maria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper studies whether a drought in 1788 affected the outbreak of peasant revolts during the French Revolution. I construct a community-level data set with information on local drought severity and peasant uprisings in 1789. Communities with severe drought conditions more often experienced peasant revolts against the feudal system. Then, I investigate a mechanism through which drought may have affected peasant revolts. Those more affected by the drought had higher demand for institutional change as expressed in the lists of grievances. The results provide evidence on specific ways in which the drought of 1788 impacted the French Revolution, a milestone in the democratization of Western Europe.
Informal Network Members’ Perspectives and Experiences on Work for People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Thematic Synthesis
Authors: Voermans Moniek A. C. , Wilthagen Ton , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The level of participation of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) in various forms of work, including daytime activities, appears to be suboptimal. Informal networks of people with ID constitute crucial forms of support, as they can significantly influence occupational choices and opportunities. This review aims to synthesize existing research for the purpose of examining how informal network members perceive the meaning of employment or daytime activities for their relatives with ID.

Methods
Following the PRISMA guideline, a systematic search of scientific literature published between 1990 and July 2022 was conducted. The qualitative results from twenty-seven studies (qualitative and mixed-method) were analyzed using thematic synthesis.

Results
Four overarching themes and several subthemes were identified: (I) Ensuring customized work for my relative; (II) The ongoing need to collaborate and share care responsibilities with professionals; (III) The meaning of work for both my relative and myself; and (IV) Achieving full work participation for my relative is neither straightforward nor self-evident.

Conclusions
Informal networks place great value upon customized and sustainable work opportunities for their relatives with ID, particularly community-based work. While network members play an important role in creating these opportunities, they encounter obstacles resulting from both collaboration difficulties with professionals and employers and public and structural forms of stigma. Researchers, professionals, policy makers, and employers are encouraged to collaborate with individuals with ID as well as their networks to increase the meaningful work opportunities available to them.
Differentiation between copal and amber by their structure and thermal behaviour
Authors: Garcia-Valles M. , Di Mariano A. , Alfonso P. , Noguès J. , Martinez S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe relationships between the polymerization related to structure and the composition of different types of natural resins were determined. Analyses were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis–thermogravimetry (DTA-TG) and hot stage microscopy (HSM). Copal specimens were collected from the Mai-Ndombe Lake, Democratic Republic of Congo, and amber pieces that came from Bitterfeld, Germany, and from Kaliningrad, Russia. FTIR spectra of copal show a vibrational band at 1643 cm−1 (C=O stretching) attributed to communic acids, while amber shows a band at 1735 cm−1 associated with ester-group vibrations and a shoulder at about 3340 cm−1, suggesting partial oxidization. DTA shows the main exothermic peak, related to the combustion, at 546–552 °C in amber and at 518 °C in copal. The derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) peaks vary in the different resin types; in amber, they occur at 333–335, 401–404 and 548–555 °C and are related to mass losses of 31, 26 and 39 mass%, respectively; copal peaks are at 394 and 507 °C, with mass losses of 71 and 27 mass%, respectively. In copal, hot stage microscopy (HSM) shows the start of sintering at 131 °C, followed by an expansion produced by the material decomposition and the generation of gases that cannot be released because of the material plastic behaviour. Finally, the increase in pressure produces an explosion that results in a lower viscosity of the liquid, which at this point can no longer support the internal pressure of gases. In amber samples, a smaller decrease in viscosity is observed and the start of sintering occurs at 150 °C with no significant change in their morphology.
Delving NFT vulnerabilities, a sleepminting prevention system
Authors: Guidi Barbara , Michienzi Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rise of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) is beginning to revolutionize the digital world thanks to the unique property of these tokens. Indeed, they can represent the ownership of physical or digital assets. They are implemented using smart contracts, therefore if the code of the smart contract contains bugs, an attacker can exploit its vulnerabilities to perform an attack called sleepminting. Sleepminting consists of transferring NFTs owned by an address, without the owner’s consent. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of the sleepminting attack and, thanks to the insights gained, we propose a prevention system to reduce the number of sleepminting attacks. Our prevention system is based on analysing the transactions included in new blocks, detecting those that are related to sleepminting attacks and keeping track of the addresses that are involved in these transactions. A dictionary-like data structure can be used to keep track of the addresses involved, where the key is the address and the value acts as a counter for the number of times the address is involved in sleepminting. With this information, block-creating nodes can add another verification step before adding a transaction to a block, which consists of blocking transactions when the addresses involved appear in sleepminting attacks a number of times greater than a threshold. The evaluation shows that sleepminting is a relevant phenomenon, and now it involves NFT transfers rather than NFT minting. Our proposed prevention system is able to block up to 87% of attacks.
When Science Is Taught This Way, Students Become Critical Friends: Setting the Stage for Student Teachers
Authors: Iwuanyanwu Paul Nnanyereugo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEffective science education draws on many different ways of teaching science. The literature on science education documents some potential benefits of argumentation instruction as a powerful tool for learning science and maintaining wonder and curiosity in the classroom. Unlike expository teaching, which relies on a teacher-driven pedagogy in which students accept the teacher’s authority over any content to be justified a priori, argumentation teaching allows students to focus on the importance of high-quality evidence for epistemic knowledge, reasoning, and justification. Using a quasi-experimental design, two study groups of undergraduate student teachers were exposed to two different learning conditions, the Exp-group with dialogic argumentation instruction (DAI) and the Ctrl-group with expository instruction. Each group received the same science content twice a week for 12 weeks (2 h per lesson). Pre- and posttests were administered to collect data. One-way MANCOVA with the pretest results as covariates showed that the instructional approaches (Wilk’s Λ = 0.765, p < 0.001) had a significant effect on the tested variables after the intervention. A pairwise comparison of performance indices between the two study groups revealed that the exp-group was better able to evaluate alternative solutions and defend arguments for collaborative consensus on unstructured scientific problems. This suggests that dialogic argumentation instruction can be used to help students improve their scientific reasoning, thinking, and argumentation skills, which are required to solve problems involving scientific phenomena.
Gender Confirmation Work, Rest, and Symbolic Boundaries in (Trans)Gender Support Groups
Authors: Weber Kairo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch on transgender identity and community boundaries has developed steadily over the last decade, but many of the inquiries center around personal identity boundaries and development rather than collective boundary drawing. To understand how and why gendered symbolic boundaries are drawn and enforced in shared spaces, I collected and analyzed qualitative data from thirteen in-depth interviews with trans people in gender support groups in the United States. I investigated the symbolic boundaries that members of gender support groups draw around who “counts” as trans, who is welcome in the groups, and factors that influence boundary drawing. I found that trans participants engage in high amounts of emotional work, that I term gender confirmation work, to uphold their gender identities in a cisnormative world. Consequently, gender support groups function as space of rest from work, and boundaries are drawn to ensure rest inside the groups. My study on gender support group membership boundaries advances new terms to describe trans people’s response to gender-based harm. My findings also demonstrate how trans people—a marginalized population—employ group strategies for navigating cisgender-dominant society.
Worker Well-Being and Quit Intentions: Is Measuring Job Satisfaction Enough?
Authors: Pelly Diane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe links between worker well-being and quit intentions have been well researched. However, the vast majority of extant studies use just one measure, job satisfaction, to proxy for worker well-being as a whole, thus ignoring its documented multidimensionality. This paper examines whether this approach is justified. Using novel survey data, I compare the extent to which alternative well-being indicators (job satisfaction, affect, engagement and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs) individually, and jointly, explain variation in the quit intentions of 994 full-time workers. I find systematic differences in the personal and well-being profiles of workers who intend quitting and those who do not. Furthermore, well-being indicators explain four to nine times more variation in quit intentions than wages and hours combined. The engagement measure performs best, explaining 22.5% of variation in quit intentions. Employing a composite model (job satisfaction + affect + engagement) significantly increases explanatory power. My results suggest that the standard single-item job satisfaction measure may be good enough for organisations who merely wish to identify categories of workers who may be most at risk of quitting. For organisations seeking to develop proactive quit prevention strategies however, supplementing job satisfaction with other indicators such as engagement should increase explanatory power and yield valuable, potentially actionable, insights.
Endoreduplication changes in five in-vitro-grown crops upon treatment with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Tomaszewska-Sowa Magdalena , Rewers Monika , Bocian Karol , Sliwinska Elwira 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are now often utilized in agriculture and horticulture. One of the common applications is to use AgNPs as antimicrobial agents in tissue cultures instead of using standard sterilization procedures. However, in addition to beneficial effects they have also cyto- and genotoxic ones, inducing DNA damage and changing cell cycle dynamics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of AgNPs at different concentrations (50–100 ppm) on endoreduplication, DNA content, and growth of seedlings of five crops: rapeseed, white mustard, sugar beet, red clover, and alfalfa, cultivated in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to establish genome size and DNA synthesis patterns in the roots, hypocotyls, and leaves of first-leaf-pair seedlings. AgNP-treatment did not influence germination or genome size, but increased root length and endoreduplication intensity. The increases were especially pronounced in species/organs with high polysomaty. We suggest that enhanced endopolyploidization is a defense mechanism against the stress induced by AgNPs causing mitotic division disruption.
Floral resources encourage colonisation and use of green roofs by invertebrates
Authors: Berthon Katherine , Thomas Freya , Baumann Jess , White Rebecca , Bekessy Sarah , Encinas-Viso Francisco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGreen roof retrofits offer a promising avenue to increase greenspace and thus biodiversity in the city. The successful colonisation and establishment of plants and animals on green roofs is limited by the location and context of the green roof. Here we use a before, after, control, impact (BACI) design to monitor the colonisation of a new retrofit roof in Melbourne CBD. We find that colonisation for some taxa occurs rapidly, with honeybees (Apis mellifera) arriving four days after flowers had been planted. Other insect taxa, such as native bees, did not colonise the impact roof but were present on the green roof reference site, which was lower in height and planted with native plants. Invertebrate abundance increased for all sites after the retrofit was built, however this sampling period was in late spring when more insects are expected to be active. Bird richness and abundance didn’t change in response to roof greening, but invertebrate richness was significantly higher on reference sites and increased after the green roof retrofit was built for the impact site. There was an apparent ‘spill over’ effect onto the nearby green roof control, which also increased in invertebrate diversity. Overall, invertebrate composition across roof types was driven by floral density. Floral density and richness increased on the impact roof as vegetation matured, subsequently correlating with higher abundance and richness of invertebrates. We use these findings to discuss colonisation of green roofs and argue for strategic placement of new green roof retrofits to maximise their biodiversity potential.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between policing and collective efficacy
Authors: Yesberg Julia A. , Costi Francesca , Chan Angus , Bradford Ben 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To systematically review the evidence of the relationship between policing and collective efficacy.

Methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesising data from 16 studies (4 experimental/quasi-experimental, 12 observational) assessing the relationship between policing and collective efficacy.

Results
Overall, police trustworthiness was the only measure of policing that was significantly associated with collective efficacy. People who thought the police were an effective and supportive resource perceived greater collective efficacy in their neighbourhoods.

Conclusions
The contribution of policing to collective efficacy seems to be about supporting communities by providing a trustworthy presence, which may reassure people that the police will be there if needed.
Static and cyclic performance of polyurethane foam adhesive bound soil–rubber mixtures under drained conditions
Authors: Farooq Mohammad Adnan , Nimbalkar Sanjay 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe major drawbacks of a railway track include noise, vibration, and aggravated track degradation. Resilient mats and asphalt have been increasingly used in recent years to mitigate this noise and vibration. However, these materials are quite expensive. Conventional asphalt is very stiff and brittle, making it more prone to cracking. The present work aims to develop a novel material that can be used as a base layer in ballasted and slab tracks. The current research proposes a sustainable and resilient base course layer comprising ground rubber (GR) and polyurethane foam adhesive (PFA). In this study, the performance of GR embedded in the sand is investigated. The use of PFA-treated sand with and without GR is then explored. The optimum dosage of PFA for soil and GR for treated and untreated soil is recommended based on static direct simple shear (SDSS) and cyclic direct simple shear (CDSS) tests. SDSS tests were performed to evaluate the monotonic performance of all mixtures. CDSS tests were performed to assess the long-term performance of these different mixes under repeated cyclic loading (50,000 load cycles) and varying cyclic shear stress amplitude. It is shown that PFA helps reduce the settlement and enhance soil shear strength, while GR increases the damping ratio of the soil. The optimum dosage of PFA is recommended 10%. The optimum GR content for untreated and PFA-treated soil is recommended 5 and 10%, respectively.