bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence Trends in Head and Neck Cancer Subsites: A National Population‐Based Study (2001–2020)
Authors: Clements Kelten , McMahon Alex D. , Bhatti Lesley , Smith Craig , Paterson Claire , Douglas Catriona M. , Conway David I. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis descriptive epidemiological study aims to investigate trends in head and neck cancer (HNC) within the anatomical divisions of laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and oral cavity cancers over the past two decades.DesignRetrospective population‐based observational study.SettingScotland, a constituent country of the United Kingdom, with a population of 5.5 million.ParticipantsNewly diagnosed HNC patients in Scotland registered in the Scottish Cancer Registry from 2001 to 2020.Main Outcome MeasuresTrends in age‐standardised incidence rates from 2001 to 2020 for each HNC subsite, anatomical division, and individual sociodemographic using joinpoint regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis.ResultsOverall, HNC incidence rates have remained stable, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.29% (p = 0.34). However, oropharyngeal cancer showed a significant increase in incidence rates with an AAPC of 3.76% (p < 0.001); the tonsils (C09) and the base of the tongue (C01) experienced the greatest increases in AAPC of 4.63% (p = 0.001) and 4.79% (p < 0.001), respectively. Conversely, laryngeal cancer rates declined significantly, with an AAPC of −2.56% (p < 0.001). This decline was primarily influenced by annual reductions of −2.40% (p = 0.09) in cancers affecting the glottis (C32.0). Incidence rates for oral cavity cancer remained mostly stable, with an AAPC of −0.60% (p = 0.08).ConclusionThis analysis highlights that behind a stable HNC incidence rate over the past 20 years, there are differential trends among various anatomical divisions with an overall increasing burden of oropharyngeal cancer and declining rates of laryngeal cancer.
E‐Learning Design Based on E‐Learning Readiness
Authors: Parlakkiliç Alaattin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the e‐learning readiness of Turkish family physicians and to obtain the views of program instructors to design the e‐learning system. An online questionnaire was applied, and 1172 family physicians answered, and a semi‐structured interview was done with the program educators. Infrastructure and equipment readiness was 77.64%, and there was a need for quantitative and qualitative improvements. Online learning readiness was 75.13%, and efforts were needed to develop education and online culture. Information technology readiness was 74.47%, and there was a need to develop information technology knowledge. Attitude readiness was 64.22%, and it was insufficient; it was understood that behaviour and desire need to be developed more to improve. Considering demographic characteristics, age was the strongest and most significant predictor of e‐learning readiness. In the interviews with the program trainers, e‐learning training, development of human resources capacity, increasing enthusiasm for technology, use of asynchronous course format, and development of online culture were indicated for improving an e‐learning system for trainers. It was concluded that information technology readiness moderately affected online learning and attitude readiness but slightly affected equipment and infrastructure readiness. As a result, it showed that 72.80% of Turkish family physicians were ready for e‐learning and needed several improvements for sufficient e‐learning readiness.
Age‐associated differences in FIRES: Characterizing prodromal presentation and long‐term outcomes via the web‐based NORSE/FIRES Family Registry
Authors: Kazazian Karnig , Gaspard Nicolas , Hirsch Lawrence J. , Kellogg Marissa , Hocker Sara E. , Wong Nora , Farias‐Moeller Raquel , Eschbach Krista , Gofton Teneille E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFebrile infection–related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare clinical presentation of refractory status epilepticus following a febrile infection. This study analyzes data from the NORSE/FIRES Family Registry, an international web‐based registry available in six languages with data entered by patients, families, and clinicians to explore clinical presentations, survivorship, and long‐term outcomes in adult and pediatric FIRES patients. We characterize and examine differences in demographics, prodromal symptoms, seizure frequency, anti‐seizure medications (ASMs), quality of life, cognition, mood, and anxiety in adults vs pediatric populations with FIRES. Eighty‐six participants were included in the study. Pediatric patients (n = 54) were predominantly male (77.8%) and experienced a significantly higher post‐FIRES seizure burden than adult survivors (67.7% ≥12 seizures/month in pediatrics vs 11.8% in adults, p <.001). Adults (n = 32) were more likely to be female (59.4%) and have flu‐like prodromal symptoms (90.6%). At ≥6 months post‐FIRES, both groups exhibited high ASM use, with the majority (87.5%) taking three or more medications. Pediatric patients reported worse mood and anxiety outcomes compared to adults (p <.005). Self‐reported quality of life and cognition were rated as moderate across in adults (5.2/10) and pediatric (4.7/10) patients, although pediatric patients indicated poorer cognition. Our findings highlight the challenges in managing post‐FIRES outcomes across different age groups, particularly in pediatric patients who face a higher seizure burden and report worse cognitive outcomes.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping of iron deposition in sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation–related epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Liu Yang , Ma Li , Yuan Jing , Wu Chunxue , Wang Shuo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate iron deposition patterns in patients with cerebral cavernous malformation–related epilepsy (CRE) using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for detailed analysis of iron distribution associated with a history of epilepsy and severity.MethodsThis study is part of the Quantitative Susceptibility Biomarker and Brain Structural Property for Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Related Epilepsy (CRESS) cohort, a prospective multicenter study. QSM was used to quantify iron deposition in patients with sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation (CCMs). Lesions were segmented into intralesional, perilesional, and extralesional areas, with mean susceptibility values calculated for each subregion and analyzed in relation to epilepsy severity and duration.ResultsAmong the 46 patients studied, those with a history of epilepsy had significantly higher iron deposition values in the perilesional (p =.012) and extralesional areas (p =.01), as well as a greater extent of iron deposition (p <.001) compared to those without epilepsy. The extent of iron deposition effectively distinguished patients with and without epilepsy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.901 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.816–0.985). Among patients with epilepsy, iron deposition in the extralesional area was positively correlated with the severity of epilepsy (r2 = 0.181, p =.043), and the extent of iron deposition was positively correlated with the duration of epilepsy (r2 =.214, p =.026).SignificanceThis study highlights QSM as a non‐invasive tool for assessing iron deposition in CRE, identifying distinct subregional iron deposition patterns linked to epilepsy status and severity.
Sexual Selection and Predator Response in a Male‐Polymorphic Livebearing Fish
Authors: Castillo Crystal , Brown Hannah K. , Knudsen Amy P. , Olivera–Angon Elvira , Brewster Rob , Kolluru Gita R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSexual polymorphism describes discrete variation among individuals of one sex, often involving conspicuously colored, displaying male morphs and inconspicuous, sneaking male morphs. Sexual polymorphism may be maintained over evolutionary time if the displaying morph is favored by sexual selection and the sneaking morph experiences reduced predation. We tested these ideas using 3D printed models and live males in the sexually polymorphic poeciliid fish, Girardinus metallicus. Females did not prefer the displaying black morph; however, black morphs exhibited more male–male aggression, and dominant black morph males achieved higher mating success than all plain morph males, suggesting a sexual selection advantage. Predatory blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) did not show a preference for either morph, suggesting no plain morph advantage in this regard that would maintain the polymorphism. It is possible that the polymorphism is instead maintained because as black morphs become common, aggressive interference among them causes their fitness to decline, thereby keeping black morphs rare relative to plain morphs, but not eliminating them entirely. Our results underscore the need to further explore the function of the black morph display, as it appears not to be sexually selected via female choice, in contrast to mating displays in similar species.
Pharyngeal Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis: A 16S rRNA Sequencing Study
Authors: Zhang Tian , Shi Jianxin , Li Xinxin , Liu Huan , Wei Yuegang , Li Hongmin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhile recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of the skin and gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), the influence of pharyngeal microbiota on AD remains unclear. This study aims to explore disparities in the composition of pharyngeal flora among AD patients and their potential role in the pathogenesis of AD. Between March and May 2023, 30 patients with AD at the outpatient department of Jiangsu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital were recruited, along with 20 healthy subjects, underwent 16S rRNA sequencing on pharyngeal swabs. Pharyngeal taxonomic biomarkers of AD were identified using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), and phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt2) was employed to predict potential functional metabolic pathways of bacteria with differential abundance. Significant variations were observed in the microbiota composition between the two study groups. The Pharynx of AD patients exhibited a notably higher relative abundance of Granulicatella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter compared to healthy volunteers. Conversely, the relative abundance of Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Campylobacter, Lactobacillaceae, Treponema, Megasphaera, Selenomonas, and Oribacterium was lower in AD patients. According to the metabolic functional enrichment annotations predicted by PICRUSt2, bacteria with differential abundance may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD through two metabolic pathways, namely chondroitin sulfate degradation and chitin derivatives degradation. AD patients displayed distinctive microbiota profiles compared to healthy controls. These findings imply a pivotal role of pharyngeal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AD, offering novel perspectives for AD treatment strategies.
Age and Growth of the Shortfin Mako Shark, Isurus oxyrinchus (Rafinesque, 1810), in the Ecuadorian Pacific Ocean
Authors: Vera‐Mera Smith , Mejía Diego , Mera Christopher , Vélez‐Soledispa Michael , Briones‐Mendoza Jesús , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Tamayo‐Vega Steven 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) is a widely distributed predatory species. However, critical aspects of its biology remain poorly understood in several regions, including the Ecuadorian Pacific Ocean, where it is one of the most commonly captured shark species. Vertebral samples of 238 specimens were analyzed, including 119 females (82–228 cm TL; 0–15 years), 115 males (76.4–248 cm TL; 0–16 years), and 4 unsexed individuals (194–215 cm TL; 10–14 years). The von Bertalanffy model provided the best fit for males (L∞  271.31 cm TL, L0 = 75.85 cm TL, k = 0.10 year−1), and females (L∞  347.53 cm TL, L0 = 76.04 cm TL, k = 0.06 year−1). The results indicated sexual dimorphism, with females reaching a larger size and exhibiting slower growth rates compared with males. The shortfin mako shark in the Ecuadorian Pacific Ocean grew slow, and based on its life history characteristics, is vulnerable to overexploitation, thereby necessitating harvest management to sustain a fishery.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) From a Human at Low Risk for Alzheimer's Disease Improves Short‐Term Recognition Memory and Increases Neuroinflammation in a 3xTg AD Mouse Model
Authors: Chevalier Claire , Tournier Benjamin B. , Marizzoni Moira , Park Rahel , Paquis Arthur , Ceyzériat Kelly , Badina Aurélien M. , Lathuiliere Aurelien , Saleri Samantha , Cillis Floriana De , Cattaneo Annamaria , Millet Philippe , Frisoni Giovanni B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHuman microbiota‐associated murine models, using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from human donors, help explore the microbiome's role in diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study examines how gut bacteria from donors with protective factors against AD influence behavior and brain pathology in an AD mouse model. Female 3xTgAD mice received weekly FMT for 2 months from (i) an 80‐year‐old AD patient (AD‐FMT), (ii) a cognitively healthy 73‐year‐old with the protective APOEe2 allele (APOEe2‐FMT), (iii) a 22‐year‐old healthy donor (Young‐FMT), and (iv) untreated mice (Mice‐FMT). Behavioral assessments included novel object recognition (NOR), Y‐maze, open‐field, and elevated plus maze tests; brain pathology (amyloid and tau), neuroinflammation (in situ autoradiography of the 18 kDa translocator protein in the hippocampus); and gut microbiota were analyzed. APOEe2‐FMT improved short‐term memory in the NOR test compared to AD‐FMT, without significant changes in other behavioral tests. This was associated with increased neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, but no effect was detected on brain amyloidosis and tauopathy. Specific genera, such as Parabacteroides and Prevotellaceae_UGC001, were enriched in the APOEe2‐FMT group and associated with neuroinflammation, while genera like Desulfovibrio were reduced and linked to decreased neuroinflammation. Gut microbiota from a donor with a protective factor against AD improved short‐term memory and induced neuroinflammation in regions strategic to AD. The association of several genera with neuroinflammation in the APOEe2‐FMT group suggests a collegial effect of the transplanted microbiome rather than a single‐microbe driver effect. These data support an association between gut bacteria, glial cell activation, and cognitive function in AD.
Altered brain functional connectivity in patients with tension‐type headache
Authors: Zhao Mengqi , Chen Lanfen , Cheng Zhixiang , Wang Xizhen , Zhang Shuxian , Li Mengting , Hao Zeqi , Sun Xihe , Zhang Jianxin , Yu Yang , Ren Jun , Jia Xize 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether patients with tension‐type headache (TTH) exhibit abnormal brain functional connectivity compared to healthy controls.BackgroundTTH is one of the most prevalent headache disorders throughout the world. The present study delves into brain functional connectivity in patients with TTH to enhance the understanding of its underlying pathophysiology.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted, enrolling patients with TTH diagnosed in line with the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition beta criteria and a cohort of healthy controls (HCs). We used four metrics—global brain functional connectivity, functional connectivity, Granger causality analysis, and dynamic functional connectivity—to evaluate alterations of functional connectivity patterns in patients with TTH from both static and dynamic perspectives. Furthermore, correlational analyses were performed to explore the relationships between abnormal brain activities and clinical characteristics.ResultsA total of 33 patients with TTH (mean age = 42.3; 13 males/20 females) and 30 HCs (mean age = 37.1; 13 males/17 females) were included in the current study. Compared to HCs, patients with TTH showed altered global brain functional connectivity in the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (SFGdor, t = 4.60). Abnormal functional connectivity was also detected between the right SFGdor and the right superior temporal gyrus (t = 4.56). Furthermore, the right SFGdor exhibited altered information flow with several brain regions, including the left precuneus (t = 5.16), right middle temporal gyrus (MTG, t = 4.72/−4.41), right inferior temporal gyrus (t = 4.64), right caudate nucleus (t = 4.09), and right thalamus (THA, t = −4.04). In terms of dynamic functional connectivity, disconnection was observed between the right SFGdor and the right MTG (t = −3.10), right Rolandic operculum (ROL, t = 3.60), left opercular inferior frontal gyrus (t = −3.48), and left medial superior frontal gyrus (t = −3.00). In addition, the correlation analyses revealed that activities in the MTG (r = 0.48), THA (r = −0.38), and ROL (r = 0.36) were significantly correlated with disease duration, while THA activity was associated with Visual Analogue Scale scores (r = 0.50).ConclusionsThis study revealed alterations in both static and dynamic brain functional connectivity in patients with TTH within regions implicated in sensory perception, emotional processing, cognition, and pain regulation. These results may promote the understanding of the neural networks involved in TTH and potentially inform future therapeutic approaches for the condition.
Higher Education and Disability: A Systematic Literature Review and Agenda for Research
Authors: Maurya Jyotesna , Swaroop Niharika , Sadar Priya , Misra Debananda 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis systematic literature review provides a synthesis of what issues within disability have been researched, how universities respond to the issues to be inclusive to disabled students and the role of higher education environment and policy, in doing so. The review is motivated by the emphasis on inclusive and equitable quality education and reduced inequalities in sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the increasing attention on universities' role in promoting social change, justice and mobility for marginalised groups. Based on multistep methodology that included preliminary search, database selection and keyword‐based article retrieval, we conducted a descriptive thematic analysis of 204 research articles on disability in higher education. Our study advances existing literature reviews on the same topic by covering a much larger number of articles, including a broader set of disabilities than physical disability, uncovering a range of themes beyond students' experiences and including policy and managerial aspects corresponding to disability in higher education. We recommend future research areas that can fill the gaps in and advance existing research on disability in higher education.
Surgical outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter implantation in patients with a history of urethroplasty: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Yokoyama Takaaki , Horiguchi Akio , Shinchi Masayuki , Kenichiro Ojima , Segawa Yuhei , Hanazawa Takehiro , Suzuki Sadayoshi , Katsuta Jumpei , Watanabe Daisuke , Ito Keiichi 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesLimited data exist on surgical outcomes following artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation in patients with a history of urethroplasty for urethral stricture. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of AUS implantation in such patients, focusing on the risk of urethral erosion.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 14 male patients who developed severe urinary incontinence following urethroplasty for urethral stricture and subsequently underwent AUS implantation at our center between March 2012 and January 2024. Patients underwent either excision and primary anastomosis (EPA) or non‐transecting anastomotic urethroplasty (NTAU), followed by AUS implantation using either the standard or transcorporeal approach, depending on periurethral adhesions and corpus spongiosum condition. Outcomes were assessed regularly after AUS implantation, focusing on complications, especially urethral erosion.ResultsThe median follow‐up period after AUS implantation was 46 months. Erosion occurred in 4 of 14 patients (28.6%), all of whom had undergone EPA, while no cases of erosion were observed in patients treated with NTAU. The 12‐, 36‐, and 60‐month AUS survival rates were 100.0%, 90.9%, and 71.6%, respectively. Patients who underwent the transcorporeal approach had comparable erosion rates to those who received the standard approach (p = 0.60).ConclusionPatients with a history of urethroplasty face a high risk of AUS erosion. Whether urethral transection during urethroplasty influences urethral erosion following AUS implantation requires further accumulation of cases.
Continental‐Scale α‐ and β‐Diversity Patterns of Terrestrial Eukaryotic Microbes: Effect of Climate and Microhabitat on Testate Amoeba Assemblages in Eurasian Peatlands
Authors: Su Jiahui , Mazei Yuri A. , Tsyganov Andrey N. , Mazei Natalia G. , Chernyshov Victor A. , Komarov Alexander A. , Babeshko Kirill V. , Mitchell Edward A. D. , Shimano Satoshi , Saldaev Damir A. , Yakimov Basil N. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe role of environmental factors that shape the large‐scale distribution of eukaryotic microbes remains understudied. We aimed to disentangle the impacts of latitudinal and longitudinal gradients on the distribution of Sphagnum‐dwelling testate amoebae in mires and to understand the influence of environmental factors related to both local habitats (hummock—lawn—hollows) and regional climates.LocationA range from temperate to subarctic and from the European part to the Far East of Russia (51°–70°N, 32°–158°E).TaxonTestate amoeba (Arcellinida, Euglyphida, and Amphitremida).MethodsWe analysed the testate amoeba (TA) composition and abundance data from 816 samples collected in 75 peatlands. Linear mixed‐effects models and redundancy analysis were applied to determine the likely environmental drivers of TA α‐ and β‐diversity.ResultsWe identified a significant reversed latitudinal gradient in α‐diversity which negatively correlated with the mean annual temperature. This gradient is microhabitat‐specific, being prominent in lawn and hollow microhabitats, but not in hummocks. Longitude, which corresponds mainly to a gradient of precipitation seasonality, was a significant predictor of TA β‐diversity, especially in hollows.Main ConclusionsOur findings identify climatic factors (e.g., mean annual temperature and precipitation seasonality) as likely shaping the continental‐scale TA α‐ and β‐diversity patterns, emphasising the microhabitat‐specific nature of these relationships. The absence of pattern in hummocks is interpreted as evidence for a predominant microhabitat stress (i.e., low moisture and pH) in this habitat.