bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Off-host survival of Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) adults near their northern distributional limit in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Yunik Matthew E M , Diyes Chulantha P , Chilton Neil B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dermacentor variabilis (Say) is expanding its range northwards in Saskatchewan and Manitoba (Canada). Knowledge of the relative ability of different life cycle stages to survive off-host over winter is important for assessing the potential for further range expansion and risk of pathogen transmission. In the present study, the off-host survival of D. variabilis adults was determined in outdoor terraria within a field plot close to Lizard Lake Community Pasture (LLCP) situated near the northern distributional limit in Saskatchewan. Only a small proportion (7%) of adult ticks in this relatively recently established population survived from mid-summer to late winter. Off-host survival had declined further to &lt;4% by mid-spring. A significantly greater proportion of female ticks (6%) survived from mid-summer to mid-spring than did male ticks (1%). The supercooling points (SCPs), the temperature below 0 °C when body fluids spontaneously freeze, of the 17 ticks that survived through to mid-spring did not differ significantly from the SCPs of questing ticks in the previous summer, suggesting adult D. variabilis do not undergo cold hardening during winter diapause. The off-host survival of D. variabilis adults near LLCP was also much lower than that previously reported for adults from Sandy Hook in Manitoba, a population that has been established for decades. This finding suggests that there is geographical variation in the ability of D. variabilis in southern Canada to survive from mid-summer to the subsequent spring. However, the ecological and genetic factors influencing the survival of northern populations of D. variabilis requires further investigation.
Abnormal phosphorylation of protein tyrosine in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Shu Lijuan , Du Chunfu , Zuo Yunxia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, are chronic disorders of the CNS that are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction. These diseases have diverse clinical and pathological features and their pathogenetic mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Currently, widely accepted hypotheses include the accumulation of misfolded proteins, oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, neurotrophin dysfunction, and neuroinflammatory processes. In the CNS of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, a variety of abnormally phosphorylated proteins play important roles in pathological processes such as neuroinflammation and intracellular accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau. In recent years, the roles of abnormal tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular signaling molecules regulated by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in neurodegenerative diseases have attracted increasing attention. Here, we summarize the roles of signaling pathways related to protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and the progress of therapeutic studies targeting PTKs and PTPs that provide theoretical support for future studies on therapeutic strategies for these devastating and important neurodegenerative diseases.
Durable Anti-Vi IgG and IgA Antibody Responses in 15-Month-Old Children Vaccinated With Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Alphonse , Diarra Amidou , Nébié Issa , Barry Nouhoun , Kabore Jean Moise , Tiono Alfred B , Datta Shrimati , Liang Yuanyuan , Mayo Ifayet , Oshinsky Jennifer J , Tracy J Kathleen , Girmay Tsion , Pasetti Marcela F , Jamka Leslie P , Neuzil Kathleen M , Sirima Sodiomon B , Laurens Matthew B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We assessed anti-Vi IgG/IgA responses to typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in children enrolled in a double-blind randomized controlled, phase 2 trial in Burkina Faso. Anti-Vi IgG seroconversion and anti-Vi IgA titers were higher in TCV than control recipients at 30–35 months post-vaccination. TCV induces durable immunity in Burkinabe children vaccinated at 15 months.
Maxway CRT: improving the robustness of the model-X inference
Authors: Li Shuangning , Liu Molei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe model-X conditional randomisation test (CRT) is a flexible and powerful testing procedure for testing the hypothesis X⫫Y∣Z. However, it requires perfect knowledge of X∣Z and may lose its validity when there is an error in modelling X∣Z. This problem is even more severe when Z is of high dimensionality. In response to this, we propose the Maxway CRT, which learns the distribution of Y∣Z and uses it to calibrate the resampling distribution of X to gain robustness to the error in modelling X. We prove that the type-I error inflation of the Maxway CRT can be controlled by the learning error for a low-dimensional adjusting model plus the product of learning errors for X∣Z and Y∣Z, interpreted as an ‘almost doubly robust’ property. Based on this, we develop implementing algorithms of the Maxway CRT in practical scenarios including (surrogate-assisted) semi-supervised learning (SA-SSL) and transfer learning (TL). Through simulations, we demonstrate that the Maxway CRT achieves significantly better type-I error control than existing model-X inference approaches while preserving similar powers. Finally, we apply our methodology to two real examples of SA-SSL and TL.
Using Auxiliary Marginal Distributions in Imputations for Nonresponse while Accounting for Survey Weights, with Application to Estimating Voter Turnout
Authors: Tang Jiurui , Hillygus D Sunshine , Reiter Jerome P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In many survey settings, population counts or percentages are available for some of the variables in the survey, for example, from censuses, administrative databases, or other high-quality surveys. We present a model-based approach to utilize such auxiliary marginal distributions in multiple imputation for unit and item nonresponse in complex surveys. In doing so, we ensure that the imputations produce design-based estimates that are plausible given the known margins. We introduce and utilize a hybrid missingness model comprising a pattern mixture model for unit nonresponse and selection models for item nonresponse. We also develop a computational strategy for estimating the parameters of and generating imputations with hybrid missingness models. We apply a hybrid missingness model to examine voter turnout by subgroups using the 2018 Current Population Survey for North Carolina. The hybrid missingness model also facilitates modeling measurement errors simultaneously with handling missing values. We illustrate this feature with the voter turnout application by examining how results change when we allow for overreporting, that is, individuals self-reporting that they voted when in fact they did not.
Large-scale preparation of yeast strains expressing condensates derived from a glycolytic enzyme via controlled dissolved oxygen levels under hypoxia
Authors: Murata Yuki , Hirayama Reina , Miura Natsuko , Kataoka Michihiko 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Under hypoxia, Saccharomyces cerevisiae forms cytoplasmic condensates composed of proteins, including glycolytic enzymes, that are thought to regulate cellular metabolism. However, the hypoxic conditions required for condensate formation remain unclear. In this study, we developed a 300-mL-scale culture method to produce condensate-forming cells by precisely controlling the dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the media. Using enolase as a model, a foci formation rate of more than 50% was achieved at ∼0.1% DO, and the results showed that the DO level affected the foci formation rate. The foci formation rates of the previously reported foci-deficient strains and strains with single amino acid substitutions in the endogenous enolase were examined, and the effect of these amino acid substitutions on glucose consumption and ethanol and glycerol production under hypoxia was evaluated. The results of this study contribute to the investigation of the mechanisms that regulate biomacromolecular condensates under hypoxia.
Massive binary black holes from Population II and III stars
Authors: Costa Guglielmo , Mapelli Michela , Iorio Giuliano , Santoliquido Filippo , Escobar Gastón J , Klessen Ralf S , Bressan Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Population III stars, born from the primordial gas in the Universe, lose a negligible fraction of their mass via stellar winds and possibly follow a top-heavy mass function. Hence, they have often been regarded as the ideal progenitors of massive black holes (BHs), even above the pair instability mass gap. Here, we evolve a large set of Population III binary stars (metallicity Z = 10−11) with our population-synthesis code sevn, and compare them with Population II binary stars (Z = 10−4). In our models, the lower edge of the pair-instability mass gap corresponds to a BH mass of ≈86 (≈91) M⊙ for single Population III (II) stars. Overall, we find only mild differences between the properties of binary BHs (BBHs) born from Population III and II stars, especially if we adopt the same initial mass function and initial orbital properties. Most BBH mergers born from Population III and II stars have primary BH mass below the pair-instability gap, and the maximum secondary BH mass is &lt;50 M⊙. Only up to ≈3.3 per cent (≈0.09 per cent) BBH mergers from Population III (II) progenitors have primary mass above the gap. Unlike metal-rich binary stars, the main formation channel of BBH mergers from Population III and II stars involves only stable mass transfer episodes in our fiducial model.
First-trimester occupational exposures and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among US nurses
Authors: Agarwal I , Wang S , Stuart J , Strohmaier S , Schernhammer E , Rich-Edwards J , Kang J H 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Limited and conflicting data exist regarding the impact of first-trimester nursing occupational exposures on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP).

Aims
To investigate whether first-trimester night shift work, work hours and work-related activities are associated with HDP.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 6610 women within the Nurses’ Health Study II. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relation of occupational exposures to HDP.

Results
Nine per cent of respondents reported an HDP in the index pregnancy (gestational hypertension: n = 354, 5%, preeclampsia: n = 222, 3%). First-trimester fixed or rotating night shift work was not significantly associated with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia compared to day shift work only. Compared to those working 21–40 h/week, working overtime (≥41 h/week) was not associated with gestational hypertension but was associated with 43% higher odds of preeclampsia (95% CI 1.02, 2.00). For part-time work (≤20 h/week), the OR was 0.76 (95% CI 0.56, 1.02) for gestational hypertension and 0.64 (95% CI 0.43, 0.97) for preeclampsia. The odds of preeclampsia were 3% higher per additional hour worked per week (95% CI 1.01–1.04). Compared to 0–4 h spent standing or walking per day, standing or walking ≥9 h daily was associated with 32% lower odds of gestational hypertension (95% CI 0.47, 0.99) but was not significantly associated with preeclampsia. Frequency of heavy lifting was not associated with either hypertensive disorder or pregnancy.

Conclusions
Among nurses, working overtime was associated with higher odds of preeclampsia.
Long-term Outcome Analysis of Pyrotinib in Patients With HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer and Brain Metastasis: A Real-World Study
Authors: Liang Xu , Gui Xinyu , Yan Ying , Di Lijun , Liu Xiaoran , Li Huiping , Song Guohong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Pyrotinib is currently approved for the treatment of HER2-positive advanced breast cancer in China. Data on the overall survival (OS) and efficacy in patients with brain metastasis (BM) remain scarce. This study evaluated the effectiveness of pyrotinib in a real-world setting, especially in patients with BM.

Methods
We reviewed patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with pyrotinib-based therapy between June 2018 and June 2022. Progression-free survival (PFS), OS, objective response rate, and safety were analyzed following the administration of pyrotinib.

Results
A total of 239 patients were included. The median PFS in patients who received pyrotinib-based therapy as first-line (15/239), second-line (115/239), or third-or-higher-line (109/239) treatment was 14.00, 9.33, and 8.20 months, respectively, and the median OS was not reached, 29.07 and 22.23 months, respectively. The median PFS in patients who pretreated with trastuzumab (214/239), trastuzumab plus pertuzumab (22/239), lapatinib (68/239), or trastuzumab emtansine (14/239) was 9.33, 6.87, 7.20, and 7.20 months, respectively. In 61 patients with BM, the median PFS was 7.50 months, the median central nervous system (CNS)-PFS was 11.17 months, and the median OS was 21.27 months. Furthermore, 19 patients with concomitant brain radiotherapy tended to achieve a longer OS than 42 patients without radiation (34.17 vs. 20.70 months, P = .112).

Conclusions
Long-term outcomes of pyrotinib-based therapy are promising for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer in real world and in patients with BM, regardless of the treatment lines and prior anti-HER2 therapies.
Increased KRAS G12C Prevalence, High Tumor Mutational Burden, and Specific Mutational Signatures Are Associated With MUTYH Mutations: A Pan-Cancer Analysis
Authors: Disel Umut , Sivakumar Smruthy , Pham Tim , Fleischmann Zoe , Anu R I , Sokol Ethan S , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the pan-cancer landscape of MUTYH alterations and the relationship between MUTYH mutations and potentially actionable biomarkers such as specific genomic alterations, tumor mutational burden, and mutational signatures. We used a large pan-cancer comprehensive genomic dataset from patients profiled (tissue next generation sequencing) during routine clinical care. Overall, 2.8% of 229 120 solid tumors had MUTYH alterations, of which 55% were predicted germline. Thirty tumor types had a 2% or greater MUTYH mutation rate. MUTYH-altered versus -WT cancers had significantly higher tumor mutational burden and more frequent alterations in KRAS G12C, but not in KRAS in general; these observations were statistically significant, especially in colorectal cancers. Across cancers, PD-L1 expression levels (immunohistochemistry) were not associated with MUTYH alteration status. In silico computation demonstrated that MUTYH mutational signatures are associated with higher levels of hydrophobicity (which may reflect higher immunogenicity of neoantigens) relative to several other signature types such as microsatellite instability. Survival of patients with MUTYH-altered versus -WT tumors was similar. In conclusion, comprehensive genomic profiling suggests that several features of MUTYH-altered cancers may be pharmacologically targetable. Drugs such as sotorasib (targeting KRAS G12C) and immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting the increased mutational load and higher neo-antigen hydrophobicity/immunogenicity merit investigation in MUTYH-mutated malignancies.
Patient-Reported Outcomes in KEYNOTE-564: Adjuvant Pembrolizumab Versus Placebo for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Choueiri Toni K , Tomczak Piotr , Park Se Hoon , Venugopal Balaji , Symeonides Stefan , Hajek Jaroslav , Ferguson Thomas , Chang Yen-Hwa , Lee Jae Lyun , Haas Naomi , Sawrycki Piotr , Sarwar Naveed , Gross-Goupil Marine , Thiery-Vuillemin Antoine , Mahave Mauricio , Kimura Go , Perini Rodolfo F , Saretsky Todd L , Bhattacharya Rituparna , Xu Lei , Powles Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
In patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) enrolled in the phase III KEYNOTE-564 trial (NCT03142334), disease-free survival (DFS) following nephrectomy was prolonged with use of adjuvant pembrolizumab therapy versus placebo. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide an important measure of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and can complement efficacy and safety results.

Patients and Methods
In KEYNOTE-564, 994 patients were randomly assigned to receive pembrolizumab 200 mg (n = 496) or placebo (n = 498) intravenously every 3 weeks for ≤17 cycles. Patients who received ≥1 dose of treatment and completed ≥1 HRQoL assessment were included in this analysis. HRQoL end points were assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30, FKSI-DRS, and EQ VAS. Prespecified and exploratory PRO end points were mean change from baseline in EORTC QLQ-C30 GHS/QoL score, EORTC QLQ-C30 physical function subscale score, and FKSI-DRS score.

Results
No clinically meaningful difference in least squares mean scores for pembrolizumab versus placebo were observed at week 52 for EORTC QLQ-C30 GHS/QoL (–2.5; 95% CI –5.2 to 0.1), EORTC QLQ-C30 physical functioning (–0.87; 95% CI –2.7 to 1.0), and FKSI-DRS (–0.7; 95% CI –1.2 to –0.1). Most PRO scores remained stable or improved for the EORTC QLQ-C30 GHS/QoL (pembrolizumab, 54.3%; placebo, 67.5%), EORTC QLQ-C30 physical functioning (pembrolizumab, 64.7%; placebo, 68.8%), and FKSI-DRS (pembrolizumab, 58.2%; placebo, 66.3%).

Conclusions
Adjuvant treatment with pembrolizumab did not result in deterioration of HRQoL. These findings together with the safety and efficacy findings support adjuvant pembrolizumab treatment following nephrectomy.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03142334
Delayed Versus Immediate Start of Chemotherapy in Asymptomatic Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Augustinus Simone , Thurairajah Gajanan , Besselink Marc G , van Laarhoven Hanneke W M , van Oijen Martijn G H , Mackay Tara M , Wilmink Johanna W 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Due to increased use of imaging, advanced stages of cancer are increasingly being diagnosed in an early, asymptomatic phase. Traditionally, chemotherapy is started immediately in these patients. However, a strategy wherein chemotherapy is withheld until symptoms occur may be beneficial for patients in terms of quality of life (QOL). A systematic review regarding optimal timing of chemotherapy including survival and QOL is lacking.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane for studies investigating the timing of start of chemotherapy in asymptomatic patients with advanced cancer. Overall survival (OS) was abstracted as primary, QOL, and toxicity as secondary outcomes. A meta-analysis was performed on OS. QOL was described using the global health status derived from the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire and toxicity as grade 3-4 adverse events.

Results
Overall, 919 patients from 4 randomized controlled trials and 1 retrospective study were included. The included studies investigated colorectal cancer (n = 3), ovarian cancer (n = 1), and gastric cancer (n = 1). Pooled analysis demonstrated no significant differences in OS between delayed and immediate start of chemotherapy (pooled HR: 1.05, 95% CI, 0.90-1.22, P = .52). QOL, evaluated in 3 studies, suggested a better QOL in the delayed treatment group. Toxicity, evaluated in 2 studies, did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis confirms the need for prospective studies on timing of start of chemotherapy in asymptomatic patients with advanced cancer. The limited evidence available suggests that delayed start of chemotherapy, once symptoms occur, as compared to immediate start in asymptomatic patients does not worsen OS while it may preserve QOL.
Mitochondria in Early Forebrain Development
Authors: Fame Ryann M. , Lehtinin Maria K. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Function of the mature central nervous system (CNS) requires a substantial proportion of the body’s energy consumption. During development, the CNS anlage must maintain its structure and perform stage-specific functions as it proceeds through discrete developmental stages. While key extrinsic signals and internal transcriptional controls over these processes are well appreciated, metabolic and mitochondrial states are also critical to appropriate forebrain development. Specifically, metabolic state, mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial dynamics/localization play critical roles in neurulation and CNS progenitor specification, progenitor proliferation and survival, neurogenesis, neural migration, and neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. With the goal of integrating neurodevelopmental biologists and mitochondrial specialists, this chapter synthesizes data from disparate models and processes to compile and highlight key roles of mitochondria in the early development of the CNS with specific focus on forebrain development and corticogenesis.
Performing Difference
Authors: Leske Ben , Bibb Jennifer , McFerran Katrina Skewes 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the experiences of 10 members of the Melbourne Gay and Lesbian Youth Chorus (the Youth Chorus), Australia’s first community choir for same sex attracted and gender diverse (SSAGD) young people. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) and the sociological framework of ‘music asylum’, this research describes how the youth chorus were offered a place of safety within the structure of the choir where being queer was the norm rather than the exception. Drawing on the theoretical focus of community music and community music therapy, this chapter analyses how the choir’s construction of difference was expressed musically and socially through performance. The research concludes that the choir provided its members with musical and extra-musical platforms to rehearse and publicly perform musical and social identities, depicting what it means to be different.
Autonomism
Authors: Stear Nils-Hennes 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines autonomism. Autonomism is roughly the view that an artwork’s ethical properties do not bear on its aesthetic or artistic value. The author sketches some of the view’s history before describing various versions of it defended over the last quarter-century. These are divided into ‘radical’, ‘robust’, and ‘moderate’ forms of autonomism. The author considers the strengths and weaknesses of each. The author also devotes some space to the ‘interactionist’ views against which contemporary autonomism is typically opposed. In doing so, he considers the so-called ‘qua problem’ at some length, as well its bearing on these various autonomist positions.
Election Law and Democratic Theory
Authors: Gardner James A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Election law is the body of law by which a society implements its commitment to democracy. Any meaningful evaluation of the suitability or effectiveness of a society’s election law therefore requires some inquiry into the nature of the society’s democratic commitments—the theory or conception of democracy to which it subscribes. Virtually all such theories are rooted in philosophical liberalism but nevertheless come in many varieties. Reconstructing a society’s democratic commitments can be complicated by its failure to articulate or even to reflect upon them. In the United States, that difficulty is compounded by a long history of evolution in American conceptions of democracy, as well as by the presence of a long-standing, competing strand of illiberal and antidemocratic thought, culminating in the sudden, recent turn to right-wing populism. This populism claims to be motivated by a democratic wish to serve the interests of the people, but its conception of the people is narrow and exclusive, and its conception of elections is decidedly illiberal and undemocratic. The kind of populism now associated with the Republican Party is thus not a plausible alternative to the inherited conceptions of liberal democracy to which the U.S. Constitution is demonstrably committed.