bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open-source, fully-automated hybrid cardiac substructure segmentation: development and optimisation
Authors: Finnegan Robert N. , Chin Vicky , Chlap Phillip , Haidar Ali , Otton James , Dowling Jason , Thwaites David I. , Vinod Shalini K. , Delaney Geoff P. , Holloway Lois 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Radiotherapy for thoracic and breast tumours is associated with a range of cardiotoxicities. Emerging evidence suggests cardiac substructure doses may be more predictive of specific outcomes, however, quantitative data necessary to develop clinical planning constraints is lacking. Retrospective analysis of patient data is required, which relies on accurate segmentation of cardiac substructures. In this study, a novel model was designed to deliver reliable, accurate, and anatomically consistent segmentation of 18 cardiac substructures on computed tomography (CT) scans. Thirty manually contoured CT scans were included. The proposed multi-stage method leverages deep learning (DL), multi-atlas mapping, and geometric modelling to automatically segment the whole heart, cardiac chambers, great vessels, heart valves, coronary arteries, and conduction nodes. Segmentation performance was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), mean distance to agreement (MDA), Hausdorff distance (HD), and volume ratio. Performance was reliable, with no errors observed and acceptable variation in accuracy between cases, including in challenging cases with imaging artefacts and atypical patient anatomy. The median DSC range was 0.81–0.93 for whole heart and cardiac chambers, 0.43–0.76 for great vessels and conduction nodes, and 0.22–0.53 for heart valves. For all structures the median MDA was below 6 mm, median HD ranged 7.7–19.7 mm, and median volume ratio was close to one (0.95–1.49) for all structures except the left main coronary artery (2.07). The fully automatic algorithm takes between 9 and 23 min per case. The proposed fully-automatic method accurately delineates cardiac substructures on radiotherapy planning CT scans. Robust and anatomically consistent segmentations, particularly for smaller structures, represents a major advantage of the proposed segmentation approach. The open-source software will facilitate more precise evaluation of cardiac doses and risks from available clinical datasets.

Graphical abstract
Equilibrium problems on quasi-weighted graphs
Authors: Alfuraidan Monther R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe give a new minimization theorem for equilibrium problems on a quasi-weighted graph. This result generalizes the graphical version of the Ekeland’s variational principle for equilibrium problems on weighted graphs (Alfuraidan and Khamsi in Proc Am Math Soc 9:33–40, 2022).
Innovative concept of severe plastic deformation manufacturing system to enhance classic equal channel angular drawing method: a preliminary study for flexible manufacturing systems looking to Industry 4.0
Authors: Caruso Serafino , Filice Luigino 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEqual channel angular drawing (ECAD) represents the most successful severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique for continuous industrial manufacturing of longer wires, with a constant cross section, characterized by smaller diameters and better mechanical properties (i.e. high strains and hardness) mainly attributed to the grain size refinement. In this paper an advanced innovative concept to impose SPD, on commercial 1370 pure aluminium wires (Al 99.7%), is proposed to improve the flexibility of the classic manufacturing method of ECAD by controlling and regulating process parameters in real time to obtain several combinations of mechanical properties and to increase manufacture productivity. This paper provides a preliminary analysis of mechanical and microstructural changes occurring during ECAD process and, preserving the principle of the ECAD method, describes an innovative concept of plastic deformation showing the potential improvements to practice. The proposed manufacturing system has been validated by finite element analysis (FEA) implementing a flow stress empirical model that includes the influence of the grain size change, for the material behaviour and two customized user-subroutines for predicting grain refinement and hardness variation. The study demonstrates the possibility to renew the classic industrial techniques within an Industry 4.0 ecosystem.
Traditional Chinese medicine in thyroid-associated orbitopathy
Authors: Hai Y. P. , Lee A. C. H. , Chen K. , Kahaly G. J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Orbital fibroblasts (OF) are considered the central target cells in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), which comprises orbital inflammation, orbital tissue edema, adipogenesis, fibrosis, oxidative stress and autophagy. Certain active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) demonstrated inhibition of TAO-OF in pre-clinical studies and they could be translated into novel therapeutic strategies.

Methods
The pertinent and current literature of pre-clinical studies on TAO investigating the effects of active ingredients of TCM was reviewed using the NCBI PubMed database.

Results
Eleven TCM compounds demonstrated inhibition of TAO-OF in-vitro and three of them (polydatin, curcumin, and gypenosides) resulted in improvement in TAO mouse models. Tanshinone IIA reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and adipogenesis. Both resveratrol and its precursor polydatin displayed anti-oxidative and anti-adipogenic properties. Celastrol inhibited inflammation and triptolide prevented TAO-OF activation, while icariin inhibited autophagy and adipogenesis. Astragaloside IV reduced inflammation via suppressing autophagy and inhibited fat accumulation as well as collagen deposition. Curcumin displayed multiple actions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-adipogenic, anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic effects via multiple signaling pathways. Gypenosides reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue fibrosis, as well as oxidative stress mediated autophagy and apoptosis. Dihydroartemisinin inhibited OF proliferation, inflammation, hyaluronan (HA) production, and fibrosis. Berberine attenuated inflammation, HA production, adipogenesis, and fibrosis.

Conclusions
Clinical trials of different phases with adequate power and sound methodology will be warranted to evaluate the appropriate dosage, safety and efficacy of these compounds in the management of TAO.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Treeline Migration and Changes in Temperature and Precipitation for the Northern Hemisphere and Sub-regions
Authors: Hansson Amanda , Yang Wen-Hsi , Dargusch Paul , Shulmeister James 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Numerous studies have reported that treelines are moving to higher elevations and latitudes over the last few decades. Climate change is assumed to be the main driver behind the observed migration of treelines. Predicting how treelines are likely to move in the future is important to identify impacts on sensitive high-alpine ecosystems and help model potential climatic feedback mechanisms associated with the expansion of alpine and arctic forests.

Recent Findings
Here, we examine the correlation between treeline movements and recent climate change to better understand the drivers of treeline migration. Changes in monthly minimum and maximum temperature and precipitation between 1961 and 1970 and 2009 and 2018 for 256 treeline sites in the Northern Hemisphere were analysed through logistic regression modelling. The model was run at various spatial scales to assess if globally significant climatic drivers are applicable at regional scales.

Summary
Our analysis revealed that the rate of temperature change during the northern hemisphere autumn, particularly in October, was a significant predictor of treeline movement. At the end of the growing season, increased minimum temperatures corresponded with treeline migration. At warmer maximum summer temperatures, treelines were more likely to remain stationary. While statistically significant correlations were identified at global scales, there were also substantial regional correlations of treeline movement regarding warmer temperatures. Changes in precipitation correlated with treeline migration were not statistically significant. Continued warming is likely to further extend the growing season for alpine forests, promoting continued encroachment of forests into alpine grassland and tundra in areas where moisture availability does not present a limiting factor for tree survival.
Factors Influencing Subjective QOL Among Community-Dwelling People with SMI Receiving Home-Visit Occupational Therapy
Authors: Mashimo Izumi , Yotsumoto Kayano , Fujimoto Hirokazu , Hashimoto Takeshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Improving the subjective quality of life (QOL) of people with severemental illness (SMI) is the main objective of psychiatric occupational therapy (OT). For people with SMI to perform desired daily activities, a newly designed home-visit OT has been implemented in Japan. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of subjective QOL in people with SMI receiving home-visit OT.

Method
Twenty-five people with SMI (average age: 46.7 years) were recruited from 20 multidisciplinary outreach teams in Japan. They were diagnosed with either F2 (i.e., schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders) or F3 (i.e., mood [affective] disorders) using ICD-10. To create a predictive model of subjective QOL, we performed a stepwise multiple regression analysis using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) total score as a response variable. The following independent variables were analyzed: demographic and clinical data, subjective evaluation of the scores of performance of and satisfaction with daily activity rated on a 10-point Likert scale, the Social Functioning Scale (SFS) total and subscale scores, and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale score.

Results
Predictors of subjective QOL were satisfaction in daily activity (adjusted β = 0.584) and social engagement of the SFS subscale (adjusted β = 0.405). The contribution rate of the model was 53.4%.

Conclusion
Satisfaction in daily activity and social engagement may contribute to individuals’ subjective QOL. To improve the subjective QOL of people with SMI, their satisfaction with daily activity and social participation should be promoted through meaningful daily activities.
A visually meaningful double-image encryption scheme using 2D compressive sensing and multi-rule DNA encoding
Authors: Huo Dongming , Qiu Yueyou , Han Chao , Wei Lisheng , Hong Yao , Zhu Zhilong , Zhou Xin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA visually meaningful double-image encryption scheme using 2D compressive sensing and multi-rule DNA encoding is presented. First, scrambling, diffusing and 2D compressive sensing are performed on the two plain images, and two privacy images are obtained, respectively. Then, the two privacy images are re-encrypted using DNA encoding theory to obtain two secret images. Finally, integer wavelet transform (IWT) is performed on the carrier image to obtain the wavelet coefficients, then the two secret images are embedded into the wavelet coefficients and 2k correction is performed, and the obtained result is processed by inverse IWT to obtain a visually meaningful encrypted image. DNA encoding rules selected for the pixel values of different positions in the two privacy images, and DNA operations performed between the two privacy images and the key streams at different positions are controlled by the chaotic system. The application of 2D compressive sensing reduces the amount of data, thus increasing the encryption capacity of the system. The introduction of DNA encoding theory and the double-image embedding process increases the security of the system. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme, and it has high data security and visual security.
Numerical simulation on the excavation damage of Jinping deep tunnels based on the SPH method
Authors: Yu Shuyang , Ren Xuhua , Zhang Jixun , Sun Zhaohua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn order to systematically evaluate the damage degree in Jinping deep tunnels during excavation, an improved SPH algorithm with good Lagrangian characteristics is introduced. By modifying the derivative of the traditional SPH kernel functions, the brittle failure processes of particles are realized. The ‘Fissure Searching Generating Method’ (FSGM) has also been used to determine the establishment of joints and the tunnel excavation parts. Based on the Jinping tunnel engineering practices, numerical models are set up, and the damage degrees of the tunnel excavation under different buried depths, joint distances, positions and inclination angles are numerically simulated, and compared with the engineering site pictures to verify the rationality. (1) Typical “V” shaped shear failure zones are observed when no joints exist in the model, and the damage degree increases with the increasing tunnel buried depth. (2) The increase of joint-tunnel distance causes the damage degree to decrease, and the failure modes between the tunnel and the joint transform from tensile to shear failure. (3) The stability of the tunnel is less affected when the joint appears in the vault, north and south arch shoulder, but the tunnel is prone to becoming unstable when the joint appears in the north and south walls. (4) Steep and gentle dips of the joints greatly influence the excavation stability of the tunnel, while the excavation damage range becomes the smallest when the joint inclination angle is 45°. (5) The improved method can be well applied to predict and evaluate surrounding rock damage in Jinping tunnels.
Philosophiegeschichtsschreibung und die Idee der Geistesgeschichte – das Dilthey-Projekt
Authors: Hartung Gerald 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Idee einer Einheit der Geistesgeschichte ist ein genuin philosophischer Gedanke. Im Schatten Hegels geht es um die Legitimation historiographischer Arbeit in einer universalen Perspektive, die von Europa aus gedacht wird. Die Legitimationsstrategien sind komplex und laufen auf die Formation eines Kanons der Philosophie hinaus. Dieses Vorhaben ist mit dem Namen des Philosophen und Philosophiehistorikers Wilhelm Dilthey verbunden. Dilthey hat es als seine Aufgabe angesehen, die Einheit der Geistesgeschichte abzusichern. Zu diesem Zweck hat er Methodenpluralismus – Logik, Psychologie, Anthropologie, Geschichtsphilosophie, Hermeneutik, Literaturforschung und anderes – in die Erforschung der Geistesgeschichte eingeführt. Ich spreche hier vom Dilthey-Projekt, dessen Aktualität, Chancen und Risiken im Beitrag diskutiert werden.
Teaching Multi-step Requesting and Social Communication to Five Autistic Children Using Speech-Generating Devices and Systematic Instruction
Authors: Sawchak Anastasia , Waddington Hannah , Sigafoos Jeff 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
We evaluated a systematic instructional package for teaching a four-step SGD-based requesting and social communication sequence. Of interest was whether intervention would lead to accurate performance of the sequence, as well as generalization, maintenance, and discriminated/functional use.

Methods
Five minimally verbal autistic children received systematic instruction to complete a four-step sequence on an iPad®-based SGD. The sequence involved (a) saying hello, (b) making a general request, (c) making a specific request, and (d) thanking the listener. The effects of instruction, which consisted of practice sessions, time delay, prompting, and reinforcement, were evaluated in a multiple-baseline across participants design.

Results
All five participants reached 100% correct performance during intervention. This high level of correct responding generalized to a novel interventionist and was maintained at follow-up. Discriminated/functional use of the communication icons was evident.

Conclusions
The systematic instructional package was effective in teaching a four-step SGD-based requesting and social communication sequence to five minimally verbal autistic children.
Das Wetter ist politisch – Starkregen, Hochwasser und Flut vor der Bundestagswahl 2021
Authors: Pink Sebastian , Schmidt Johannes 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungZwei Monate vor der Bundestagswahl 2021 verursachte ein viertägiges Starkregenereignis im Westen, Osten und Südosten Deutschlands eine der größten Flutkatastrophen in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik. Offen ist bislang, ob dieses Extremwetterereignis einen Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse der Bundestagswahl in den betroffenen Regionen hatte. Dies ist auch deshalb von Bedeutung, da sich die Situation der Bundestagswahl 2021 – keine amtierende zur Wiederwahl stehende Kanzlerkandidatin – grundlegend von den zuvor in der Forschung untersuchten Effekten von Naturkatastrophen auf die Wiederwahlen politischer Entscheidungstragender unterscheidet. Als Beitrag zur Beantwortung dieser Frage verbinden wir die Wahlergebnisse auf Gemeindeebene, der höchsten regionalen Auflösung, (i) mit einer Kennzeichnung der Betroffenheit einer Gemeinde vom Starkregenereignis und (ii) mit einer satellitengestützten Einschätzung der Stärke dieser Betroffenheit. Die Ergebnisse von Difference-in-Differences Panel Regressionen zeigen, dass in betroffenen Gemeinden, insbesondere in besonders stark betroffenen, Wählende mit bis zu 6,6 Prozentpunkten Vorsprung eher die Partei wählten, die den:die Ministerpräsident:in ihres Bundeslandes stellten. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass in einer Situation, in der eine Wiederwahl amtierender Entscheidungstragender auf nationaler Ebene ausgeschlossen ist, der Umgang regionaler Entscheidungstragender mit Naturkatastrophen an Bedeutung gewinnt. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass in den betroffenen Gebieten eher Bündnis 90/Die Grünen gewählt wurde. Dies trägt zur Klärung der noch offenen Frage bei, ob Extremwetterereignisse nur Präferenzen für Umwelt- und Klimaschutz beeinflussen oder ob sich dies auch in Wahlentscheidungen für „grüne“ Parteien übersetzt.
Kant, Korsgaard und die Tiere
Authors: Ellmers Sven 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungChristine M. Korsgaard ist eine der einflussreichsten Stimmen der Gegenwartsphilosophie. In ihren Arbeiten zur Moralphilosophie Kants verteidigt sie diese gegen zwei Einwände: erstens, dass der kategorische Imperativ auf externe Werte angewiesen ist, mithin als formales Testverfahren scheitere, und, zweitens, dass Kant empfindungsfähige Wesen, die kein Vernunftvermögen besitzen, aus seiner Ethik ausgeschlossen habe und ausschließen musste. Den ersten Einwand glaubt Korsgaard durch eine spezifische Interpretation des kantischen Widerspruchsverständnisses zumindest partiell zurückweisen zu können. Wie ich zeigen werde, unterschätzt Korsgaard allerdings die Probleme, die die Allgemeine Formel des kategorischen Imperativs mit sich bringt. Den zweiten Einwand wiederum glaubt Korsgaard in Form einer immanenten Kritik entkräften zu können: Kant selbst hätte auf Grundlage seines transzendentalen Arguments für die Selbstzweckformel zu dem Schluss kommen können, dass Tiere Zwecke an sich sind. Meine Thesen lauten, (a) dass Korsgaards Kant-Auslegung nicht vom Text gedeckt ist, (b) ihr Regress-upon-the-conditions-Argument nicht zur Begründung einer interpersonellen Moral taugt und es (c) auch tierethisch nicht zum gewünschten Ziel führt.
Caring for the invisible and forgotten: a qualitative document analysis and experience-based co-design project to improve the care of families experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Loch Tess , Drennan Ian R. , Buick Jason E. , Mercier Danielle , Brindley Peter G. , MacKenzie Mark , Kroll Thilo , Frazer Kate , Douma Matthew J. ,   Family Centred Cardiac Arrest Care Project, Ali Samina , Early Sheila , Ruether Kim , Flanary Kristin , Smith Katherine E. , Dainty Katie N. , Graham Timothy A. D. , Graham Samir Z. A. , Blomheart Lynn , Blommaert Jesse , Myhre Calah , MacKenzie Ella , Jarratt Louise , Smith Katherine E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The objectives of this project were to collect and analyze clinical governance documents related to family-centred care and cardiac arrest care in Canadian EMS organizations; and to improve the family-centredness of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care through experience-based co-design.

Methods
We conducted qualitative document analysis of Canadian EMS clinical governance documents related to family-centred and cardiac arrest care, combining elements of content and thematic analysis methods. We then used experience-based co-design to develop a family-centred out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care policy and procedure template.

Results
Thirty-five Canadian EMS organizations responded to our requests, representing service area coverage for 80% of the Canadian population. Twenty documents were obtained for review and six overarching themes were identified: addressing family in event of in-home death, importance of family, family member escort, provider discretion and family presence discouraged. Informed by our qualitative analysis we then co-designed a policy and procedure template was created that prioritizes patient care while promotes family-centredness.

Conclusions
There were few directives to support family-centred care by Canadian EMS organizations. A family-centred out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care policy and procedure template was developed using experience-based co-design to assist EMS organizations improve the family-centredness of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care.
Machine learning based identification of structural brain alterations underlying suicide risk in adolescents
Authors: Bajaj Sahil , Blair Karina S. , Dobbertin Matthew , Patil Kaustubh R. , Tyler Patrick M. , Ringle Jay L. , Bashford-Largo Johannah , Mathur Avantika , Elowsky Jaimie , Dominguez Ahria , Schmaal Lianne , Blair R. James R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuicide is the third leading cause of death for individuals between 15 and 19 years of age. The high suicide mortality rate and limited prior success in identifying neuroimaging biomarkers indicate that it is crucial to improve the accuracy of clinical neural signatures underlying suicide risk. The current study implements machine-learning (ML) algorithms to examine structural brain alterations in adolescents that can discriminate individuals with suicide risk from typically developing (TD) adolescents at the individual level. Structural MRI data were collected from 79 adolescents who demonstrated clinical levels of suicide risk and 79 demographically matched TD adolescents. Region-specific cortical/subcortical volume (CV/SCV) was evaluated following whole-brain parcellation into 1000 cortical and 12 subcortical regions. CV/SCV parameters were used as inputs for feature selection and three ML algorithms (i.e., support vector machine [SVM], K-nearest neighbors, and ensemble) to classify adolescents at suicide risk from TD adolescents. The highest classification accuracy of 74.79% (with sensitivity = 75.90%, specificity = 74.07%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 87.18%) was obtained for CV/SCV data using the SVM classifier. Identified bilateral regions that contributed to the classification mainly included reduced CV within the frontal and temporal cortices but increased volume within the cuneus/precuneus for adolescents at suicide risk relative to TD adolescents. The current data demonstrate an unbiased region-specific ML framework to effectively assess the structural biomarkers of suicide risk. Future studies with larger sample sizes and the inclusion of clinical controls and independent validation data sets are needed to confirm our findings.