bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giardiasis and diarrhea in dogs: do the microbiome matter?
Authors: Kuzi Sharon , Zgairy Soha , Byrne Barbara A. , Suchodolski Jan , Turjeman Sondra C. , Park So Young , Aroch Itamar , Hong Mike , Koren Omry , Lavy Eran 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Giardia duodenalis (Gd) causes intestinal parasitosis; nevertheless, the intestinal microbiome involvement in determining the clinical phenotype of infection is unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate fecal microbiome features in dogs with giardiasis and included fecal samples of kenneled dogs diagnosed with Gd by fecal Giardia antigen dot ELISA. The fecal microbial compositional characteristics and the dysbiosis index (DI) were compared between diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs.
Results
The study included 38 fecal samples of Gd-infected dogs (diarrheic, 21; non-diarrheic, 17). There were no group differences in Faith's phylogenic diversity and beta diversity (weighted UniFrac distances) and in specific taxa abundances at the phylum, genus, and species levels, as well as in alpha and beta diversities between diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs divided by sex or age. In diarrheic dogs, alpha diversity was higher in males than in females (pairwise Kruskal-Wallis: q = 0.01). Among males, fecal abundances of the genus Clostridium (W = 19) and Clostridium spiroforme species (W = 33) were higher in diarrheic compared to non-diarrheic dogs. In diarrheic dog fecal samples, Proteobacteria were more prevalent (W = 1), while Verrucomicrobia were less prevalent, in dogs aged < 1 year than in older dogs. Fecal samples of 19 diarrheic, and 19 non-diarrheic dogs showed similar DI (median, -0.2; range, -4.3-4.5; and median, -1.0; range, -4.3-5.8, respectively).
Conclusions
The fecal microbial composition of symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs with giardiasis is similar. Based on the DI, giardiasis is not characterized by prominent dysbiosis. Other host and parasite characteristics may play important roles in determining the severity of giardiasis in dogs.
Efficacy of palliative surgery for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis who still have residual peritoneal dissemination after chemotherapy
Authors: Shinkai Masayuki , Imano Motohiro , Kohda Masashi , Nakanishi Tomoya , Hiraki Yoko , Hagi Takaomi , Kato Hiroaki , Shiraishi Osamu , Yasuda Atsushi , Tsubaki Masanobu , Nishida Shozo , Yasuda Takushi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) are generally treated with systemic chemotherapy. When PM has disappeared because of chemotherapy, radical gastrectomy (so-called conversion surgery) is usually performed. We have previously reported the efficacy of conversion surgery, but there are no reports examining the efficacy of palliative gastrectomy for patients with residual PM after chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of palliative surgery for gastric cancer patients with PM who still have residual peritoneal dissemination after chemotherapy.
Methods
Twenty-five gastric cancer patients with PM confirmed by laparoscopy and who had received chemotherapy but who still had residual PM were included in this study. Among the 25 patients, palliative surgery was performed in 20 patients (PS group) and chemotherapy was continued in 5 patients (CTx group), and their therapeutic outcomes were compared.
Results
In the PS group, total and distal gastrectomies were performed. Clavian–Dindo grade I postoperative complications occurred in two patients (10%). There were no treatment-related deaths. Postoperative chemotherapy was performed all cases. In the PS group, the median survival time (MST) reached 22.5 months, with 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates of 95% and 45%, respectively, whereas in the CTx group, the MST was 15.8 months, and the 1- and 2-year OS rates were 60% and 0%, respectively. The PS group had significantly longer OS than the CTx group (P = 0.044).
Conclusions
Palliative surgery is safe and may prolong survival in gastric cancer patients with residual PM after chemotherapy.
Rice farmers’ knowledge and practices towards mosquitoes in irrigation schemes in Côte d’Ivoire: a qualitative study
Authors: Chan Kallista , Konan Aimé-Charles Kouadio , Doudou Dimi Théodore , Kouadio Ghislain Brou , Lines Jo , Aunger Robert , N’Guessan Raphael , Tusting Lucy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Irrigated rice cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa not only brings more malaria vectors to nearby communities, but also greater malaria risk. To aid the implementation of mosquito control in rice-growing communities, it is necessary to understand how farmers view their responsibility towards mosquito generation and whether they are interested in coordinating to minimise it.
Methods
Qualitative methods (observation grids, semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) were used to reveal the perceptions of mosquitoes and their control in two irrigated rice farming communities in central Côte d’Ivoire near the M’bé and Lokapli irrigation schemes.
Results
All rice farmers viewed mosquitoes as severe nuisances, and most acknowledged that they caused djèkouadjo (malaria) and were less numerous during harmattan (dry season). Many study participants believed that mosquitoes originated from grasses and stagnant water around villages. Only those living closer in proximity (~1 km) to the paddies believed that mosquitoes came from the ­bas-fonds(irrigated lowlands). However, they did not associate mosquito production with rice cultivation. Some farmers believed that there were more mosquitoes in recent years than historically because of the dam construction but remarked on the importance of the dam (and bas-fonds) for their livelihood. Many farmers were not convinced that mosquito control could occur at farm-level.
Conclusions
To enhance accountability amongst rice farmers, there is a need for greater awareness on the rice-mosquito link, and emphasis that the link does not imply a trade-off between food security and health. Training should not only be directed towards farming communities, but also agricultural and health extension workers. Future riceland mosquito control methods must focus on improving productivity and address collective action problems that may occur.
Analysis of Quality Changes in Mulberry Fruit at Three Developmental Stages Using Targeted Metabolomics Based on LC‒MS
Authors: Jiang Wei , Li Chenlei , Cheng Junsen , Wei Shanglin , Wang Yi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mulberry fruits are popular in many countries because of their good taste, high nutritional value and medicinal properties. Studying the metabolic profile during fruit development can provide a better understanding of the changes in fruit quality. In this study, a widely targeted metabolomic approach using liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC‒MS) was used to investigate the widespread metabolic changes during fruit development and ripening in mulberry fruits and combined with multivariate statistical methods to screen for significant changed metabolites (SCMs) at different developmental stages. A total of 981 metabolites in 12 categories were detected in mulberry fruit at three developmental stages (i.e., the fruit expansion stage in which mulberry fruits are green (MG), the fruit color change stage in which they are red (MR) and the fruit ripening stage in which they are purple (MP)). There were significant changes in the metabolic profile at the color change and ripening stages compared to the fruit expansion stage. Flavonoids increased mainly during fruit ripening and accumulated significantly during the mature stage. Large amounts of phenolic acids, lipids, and organic acids accumulated significantly during fruit expansion stage and decreased significantly during ripening. However, sugars accumulate significantly during ripening and are associated with the sweetness of mulberry fruit. Assessment of the levels of different sugar and acid components during fruit development revealed that fructose and glucose were the main sugars, and citric and malic acids were the main organic acids. Meanwhile, the sugar-acid ratio increased significantly, which in turn improved the flavor quality of mulberry fruit. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the SCMs were mainly enriched in galactose metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and flavonoid biosynthesis metabolic pathways. The reliability of the metabolomics data was demonstrated by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT‒PCR) validation of six genes encoding key enzymes. The results of this study provide insights into the rational utilization of mulberry fruit resources and the efficient development of functional fruit products.
Optimal Dispatch of energy Pricing with participation of the Renewable Units and demand response
Authors: Elfizon Elfizon , ALGHAMDI Mohammed. I. , Hussien Ahmed , ALAWADI RADHI , ALZAHMI Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
With the advent of smart grids, the subscribers are considered as new resources in power systems. The presence of subscribers, as well as the major manufacturers, results in a more competitive market and a better economic condition. Numerous research on demand response, as well as its economic and technical consequences on the market and power systems, have been done in recent years. Alongside the competitive market, new concepts have emerged, such as demand-side management (DSM), which includes activities aimed at modifying the load curve. Implementing this goal requires telecommunications infrastructure and network intelligence tools. DSM can ultimately lead to increased system stability. Dynamic Economic Dispatch (DED) problem plans the production program of units during the load dispatch period to limit fuel cost. Demand response programs, on the other hand, are focused on enhancing subscriber profitability and network stability, and they will be much more efficient if these two challenges are merged by examining their relationships. One of the key problems of time of use response systems (TOU) will be appropriate pricing across various periods. This paper combines the demand response of TOU, whose main focus is on the consumer side, with DED, whose main focus is on the producer side. The combined issue called DEDTOU is a modern strategy for ideal pricing in which on the one hand, the optimal price to minimize fuel costs in the DED issue, and on the other hand the ideal pricing for various periods of high, medium, and low load is simultaneously determined using the bat algorithm. However, not only have subscriber profits increased but the lowest prices were created to lower unit production costs. In fact, this research aims to present the concept of DEDTOU in terms of its beneficial impacts on consumers and producers.
Stable orbit of Massive Klein Gordon Field near Schawarzschild black hole and its Quasi-Normal modes
Authors: Sharma Pradip 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The findings of bound states of the massive Klein-Gordon field near the Schwarzschild black hole have provided certain conditions for a stable orbit. Unlike classical methods, I have obtained a specific relation between the mass of the scalar particle and the distance from the black hole. Furthermore, by applying a polynomial condition to the Heun function, more accurate predictions of quasi-normal modes have been made. Based on this, the time of a stable orbit and its relationship with mass, polynomial order, and distance from the Schwarzschild black hole have been calculated.
Systematic Review of Literature on Expert System in Education.
Authors: FUSEINI INUSAH 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in addressing challenges of education is an innovation in education which addresses a series and sequence of problems that humans cannot solve. Specifically, Expert Systems (ES) in education have helped tremendously in handling tasks that the human expert has limitations in handling. This review explores the use of ES in education to identify the trends and the possible gaps in the application of ES to improve education. Four (4) academic databases were searched to retrieve research works related to ES in education. These are; academia, research gate, google scholar and semantic scholar. The found results were filtered to avoid duplicates, and the titles and abstracts were then screened before the full text was read and captured in the literature. The findings reveal more than 80% of the research works on ES in education are centred on higher education leaving basic education which is the foundation for growth and development in education. Also, over 70% of the literature was on teaching and learning at the expense of resource management.
An EPQ inventory model with production rate dependent deterioration as well as stock and time dependent demand under lead time
Authors: Mallick Rabin Kumar , Patra Kartik , Mondal Shyamal Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a production inventory model has been considered for single item with deterioration. Here, the deterioration is production dependent. Also the demand of produced items has been taken as a function of time and stock of the quantity in manufacturing house. Since, the production rate in a manufacturing system completely depends on market’s demand and there is a time gap between order placed and items received, so lead time, here known as delay time is very important factor in this model. Because, the demand at the time of order placed should be different when the items is received. So, at any time, inventory level depends on the demand when the order is placed. In this regard, the controlling in the rate of production is very important. Here, the inventory model has been constructed in the form of delay differential equation and the model has been reduced into delay optimal control problem which is converted into a delay and advanced model using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. An algorithm has been developed to solve this two point boundary value problem. At last, it has been explained taking a numerical example to show the utility of the model.
Outcome of glioblastoma patients after intensive care unit admission with invasive mechanical ventilation: A multicenter analysis
Authors: Neumann Bernhard , Onken Julia , König Nicole , Stetefeld Henning , Luger Sebastian , Luger Anna-Luisa , Schlachetzki Felix , Linker Ralf , Hau Peter , Bumes Elisabeth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with glioblastoma (GB) bear a severe symptom burden, often leading to complications that mandate admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and mechanical ventilation (MV). However, published data on patients with GB admitted to ICU for MV are rare. Therefore, we investigated reasons for admission, duration of hospitalization and outcome of patients with GB and unplanned admission to ICU needing MV.
Methods
In this retrospective analysis, four certified interdisciplinary brain tumor centers performed a retrospective review of their electronic data systems. All patients with GB admitted to an in-house ICU and mechanically ventilated between January 2015 and December 2019 were included. Clinical and prognostic factors as well as relevant outcome parameters were evaluated by group comparisons and Kaplan Meier survival curves.
Results
We identified 33 GB patients with a mean time of MV of 9.2 ± 9.4 days. Main reasons for ICU admission were infection (n = 12; 34.3%) including 3 cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, status epilepticus (31.4%) and elevated intracranial pressure (22.9%). In hospital mortality reached 60.6%. Younger age, short course of GB, low number of MV days, and better Karnofsky Performance Status Scale before admission were significantly associated with positive prognostic outcome.
Conclusion
We conclude that less than 50% of patients with GB have a favorable short-term outcome when unplanned treatment on ICU with MV is necessary. Our data mandate a careful therapy guidance and frequent reevaluation of goals during ICU stay.
Patient vulnerability is associated with poor prognosis following upfront hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis
Authors: Mima Kosuke , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Adachi Yuki , Tajiri Takuya , Ofuchi Takashi , Kanemitsu Kosuke , Ogawa Daisuke , Yumoto Shinsei , Matsumoto Takashi , Itoyama Rumi , Kitano Yuki , Nakagawa Shigeki , Okabe Hirohisa , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background:
With the rapid aging of populations worldwide, the number of vulnerable patients with liver metastasis from colorectal cancer has increased. This study aimed to examine the association between vulnerability and clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM).
Methods:
Consecutive 101 patients undergoing upfront hepatectomy for CRLM between 2004 and 2020 were included. The preoperative vulnerability was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score ranging from one (very fit) to nine (terminally ill), and frailty was defined as a CFS score of ≥ 4. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was utilized to investigate the association of frailty with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results:
Of the 101 patients, 12 (12%) had frailty. Associations between frailty and surgical outcomes, namely, the incidence of 90-day mortality and postoperative complications, were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In the multivariable analyses, after adjusting for clinical risk scores calculated using six factors (timing of liver metastasis, primary tumor lymph node status, number of liver tumors, the largest diameter of liver tumor, extrahepatic metastatic disease, and carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9 level) to predict recurrence following hepatectomy for CRLM, preoperative frailty was found to be an independent risk factor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–5.25, P = 0.019) and OS (HR: 4.17, 95%CI: 1.43–10.89, P = 0.011).
Conclusion:
Preoperative frailty was associated with worse DFS and OS after upfront hepatectomy for CRLM. Assessment and improvement of patient vulnerability may provide a favorable prognosis for patients with CRLM.
Pharmacovigilance study of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A safety analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Zhao Dehua , Long Xiaoqing , Wang Jisheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

BackgroundWith the increased use of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in cancer patients, adverse events (AEs) have garnered considerable interest. We conducted this pharmacovigilance study by using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to evaluated the AEs of BCR-ABL1 TKIs in cancer patients.MethodsWe used OpenVigil 2.1 to query AE reports from the FAERS database. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the characteristics of TKIs-associated AE reports. Disproportionality analysis was used to detect safety signals by calculating proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and reporting odds ratios (ROR).ResultsA total of 85989 AE reports were retrieved from the FAERS database and 3080 significant AE signals were identified. The numbers of significant AE signals for imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib were 1058, 813, 232, 186, and 791 respectively. The significant signals were divided into 26 system organ classes (SOCs). The AE signals of imatinib and ponatinib were mainly fixed on general disorders and administration site conditions, while the AE signals of nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib were mainly fixed on investigations, respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders, and gastrointestinal disorders, respectively. Of note, 245, 278, 47, 55, 253 unexpected signals were observed in imatinib, nilotinib, dasatinib, bosutinib and ponatinib, respectively.ConclusionsThe results of the present study are compatible with clinical experience. The study showed that AE signals were differ among the five BCR‐ABL1 TKIs. Moreover, several unexpected signals were observed in each BCR‐ABL1 TKI. These findings provide valuable information for clinicians to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions during the BCR‐ABL1 TKIs treatment.
Enhancement Effect of Urea Toward Electroporation-mediated Plasmid Transfection Efficiency in HEK-293 Cell Line
Authors: Mowla Mahshid , Gorji-bahri Gilar , Moghimi Hamid Reza , Hashemi Atieh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Electroporation is one of the most widely used physical transfection methods, which induces transient pores in the cell membrane, by applying an external electric field. Unsatisfied transfection efficiency and low cell viability are the major drawbacks of electroporation. The impact of chemical enhancers to overcome these issues is not fully recognized. Thus, we decided to investigate the effect of urea as a low-cost chemical enhancer buffer on electroporation-mediated transfection efficiency. To this end, three voltages of electroporation including 100, 120, and 140 V as well as three concentrations of urea buffer including 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% W/V were considered as our variables. GFP expression in HEK-293 cell line was evaluated using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Our results indicated that voltage as a key parameter has a significant effect on cell behavior against the synergistic effects of electroporation and urea. The addition of urea to the cells at the voltage of 100 increased the number of cells expressing GFP. In this regard, further to acceptable cell viability (over 90%), the 0.5% W/V of urea at the voltage of 100 had the highest transfection efficiency (23.3 ± 0.3%), a nearly two-fold increase compared to the untreated transfected cells (12.3 ± 0.2%). In conclusion, the combination of electroporation and urea elevated the efficacy of electroporation. However, the effect depended on the voltage and urea concentration. We believe that our study would give researchers new insights into the achievement of improved gene transfection efficiency when they utilize electroporation.
Optimal first-line treatment strategies of systemic therapy for unresectable gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors based on the opinions of Japanese experts
Authors: Honma Yoshitaka , Ikeda Masafumi , Hijioka Susumu , Matsumoto Shigemi , Ito Tetsuhide , Aoki Taku , Furuse Junji 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
There are several options for systemic therapy of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN), including somatostatin analogues (SSA), molecular-targeted agents, cytotoxic agents, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. However, the effectiveness of each agent varies according to the primary site. Although SSA and everolimus are key drugs used for systemic therapy of neuroendocrine tumors arising from the gastrointestinal tract (GI-NET), the optimal strategy for selecting among these modalities remains unexplored.
Methods
Japanese experts on GI-NET discussed and determined optimal first-line treatment strategies based on the results of previously reported pivotal trials.
Results
The consensus was reached that tumor aggressiveness and prognosis can be predicted using hepatic tumor load and Ki-67 labeling index, which are thought to be clinically important factors when selecting systemic therapy for unresectable GI-NET. SSA therapy is considered appropriate for patients with a low hepatic tumor load and low Ki-67 value and everolimus for those with contraindications to SSA therapy. There was also agreement that the treatment strategy should be determined according to whether the origin is in the midgut, considering the biological differences. Based on this strategy, the experts have tentatively created treatment maps and applied them in representative cases of unresectable GI-NET.
Conclusion
Japanese experts proposed tentative maps for optimal first-line treatment in patients with unresectable GI-NET. Further investigation is warranted to validate the usefulness of these maps.