bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Callan-Rubakov effect and higher charge monopoles
Authors: Brennan T. Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper we study the interaction between magnetic monopoles and massless fermions. In the low energy limit, the monopole’s magnetic field polarizes the fermions into purely in-going and out-going modes. Consistency requires that the UV fermion-monopole interaction leads to non-trivial IR boundary conditions that relate the in-going to out-going modes. These non-trivial boundary conditions lead to what is known as the Callan-Rubakov effect. Here we derive the effective boundary condition by explicitly integrating out the UV degrees of freedom for the general class of spherically symmetric SU(N) monopoles coupled to massless fermions of arbitrary representation. We then show that the boundary conditions preserve symmetries without ABJ-type anomalies. As an application we explicitly derive the boundary conditions for the stable, spherically symmetric monopoles associated to the SU(5) Georgi-Glashow model and comment on the relation to baryon number violation.
Conformal (p, q) supergeometries in two dimensions
Authors: Kuzenko Sergei M. , Raptakis Emmanouil S. N. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We propose a superspace formulation for conformal (p, q) supergravity in two dimensions as a gauge theory of the superconformal group OSp0(p|2; ℝ) × OSp0(q|2; ℝ) with a flat connection. Upon degauging of certain local symmetries, this conformal superspace is shown to reduce to a conformally flat SO(p) × SO(q) superspace with the following properties: (i) its structure group is a direct product of the Lorentz group and SO(p) × SO(q); and (ii) the residual local scale symmetry is realised by super-Weyl transformations with an unconstrained real parameter. As an application of the formalism, we describe $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
-extended AdS superspace as a maximally symmetric supergeometry in the p = q ≡ $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
case. If at least one of the parameters p or q is even, alternative superconformal groups and, thus, conformal superspaces exist. In particular, if p = 2n, a possible choice of the superconformal group is SU(1, 1|n) × OSp0(q|2; ℝ), for n ≠ 2, and PSU(1, 1|2) × OSp0(q|2; ℝ), when n = 2. In general, a conformal superspace formulation is associated with a supergroup G = GL× GR, where the simple supergroups GL and GR can be any of the extended superconformal groups, which were classified by Günaydin, Sierra and Townsend. Degauging the corresponding conformal superspace leads to a conformally flat HL× HR superspace, where HL (HR) is the R-symmetry subgroup of GL (GR). Additionally, for the p, q ≤ 2 cases we propose composite primary multiplets which generate the Gauss-Bonnet invariant and supersymmetric extensions of the Fradkin-Tseytlin term.
D=5 holomorphic Chern-Simons and the pure spinor superstring
Authors: Berkovits Nathan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The physical states of D=5 holomorphic Chern-Simons theory correspond to on-shell D=10 open superstring states in the cohomology of q+, where q+ is one of the 16 spacetime supersymmetry generators. Scattering amplitudes of these states can be computed either using the usual Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz (RNS) superstring prescription with N=1 worldsheet supersymmetry, or using a topological ĉ=5 string theory with twisted N=2 worldsheet supersymmetry.It will be argued that the relation between D=5 holomophic Chern-Simons and the RNS superstring is identical to the relation between the pure spinor superstring and the recently constructed B-RNS-GSS superstring which has both N=1 worldsheet supersymmetry and D=10 spacetime supersymmetry. Physical states of the pure spinor superstring correspond to on-shell B-RNS-GSS states which are in the cohomology of λαqα, where λα is a D=10 pure spinor. And scattering amplitudes of these states can be computed either using the full B-RNS-GSS superstring prescription with N=1 worldsheet supersymmetry, or using the pure spinor superstring amplitude prescription with twisted N=2 worldsheet supersymmetry. This should be useful for proving equivalence of the RNS and pure spinor amplitude prescriptions and for clarifying the relation of their multiloop subtleties.
Immunmodulation durch Ernährung bei kritisch kranken Patienten
Authors: Hirschberger Simon , Schmid Annika , Kreth Simone 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungKritisch kranke Patienten leiden häufig unter einer komplexen und schwerwiegenden immunologischen Dysfunktion. Die Differenzierung und Funktion von Immunzellen werden maßgeblich durch metabolische Prozesse gesteuert. Neue immunonutritive Konzepte versuchen daher, die Immunfunktionen intensivmedizinischer Patienten über enterale und parenterale Ernährung positiv zu beeinflussen. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit präsentiert kondensiert die verfügbare Evidenz zu den gängigen isolierten Supplementen (antioxidative Substanzen, Aminosäuren, essenzielle Fettsäuren) und die damit verbundenen Problematiken. Im zweiten Teil werden sich daraus ergebende neuartige und umfassendere Konzepte der Immunonutrition zur Beeinflussung des intestinalen Mikrobioms und zur Modulation der Makronährstoffkomposition vorgestellt. Die Immunonutrition des kritisch kranken Patienten hat enormes Potenzial und kann sich zukünftig zu einem wertvollen klinischen Tool zur Modulation des Immunmetabolismus intensivmedizinischer Patienten entwickeln.
The five tests: designing and evaluating AI according to indigenous Māori principles
Authors: Munn Luke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs AI technologies are increasingly deployed in work, welfare, healthcare, and other domains, there is a growing realization not only of their power but of their problems. AI has the capacity to reinforce historical injustice, to amplify labor precarity, and to cement forms of racial and gendered inequality. An alternate set of values, paradigms, and priorities are urgently needed. How might we design and evaluate AI from an indigenous perspective? This article draws upon the five Tests developed by Māori scholar Sir Hirini Moko Mead. This framework, informed by Māori knowledge and concepts, provides a method for assessing contentious issues and developing a Māori position. This paper takes up these tests, considers how each test might be applied to data-driven systems, and provides a number of concrete examples. This intervention challenges the priorities that currently underpin contemporary AI technologies but also offers a rubric for designing and evaluating AI according to an indigenous knowledge system.
Identification of the process damping coefficient in dry and wet machining of steel
Authors: Denkena Berend , Bergmann Benjamin , Ellersiek Lars 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlank face chamfers are an effective way to suppress vibrations and increase the productivity of milling processes. The underlying process damping mechanism is the so-called indentation effect. The effect describes the process damping as a result of an additional force due to the indentation of workpiece material under the flank face. In literature, this force is commonly modeled by the volume indented under the flank face and a process damping coefficient. To determine the process damping coefficient, various approaches with partly contradictory results exist. In this paper, a novel method to calculate the process damping coefficient based on process forces measurements in orthogonal cutting is applied for steel machining. The method considers ploughing effects of flank face chamfer and cutting edge rounding as well as plastic deformation effects. In the current investigation, the approach is applied to different cooling strategies, chamfer widths, and cutting speeds. The results show that the cutting speed has the most significant influence on the process damping coefficient. With increasing cutting speed, the process damping coefficient increases, which can be attributed to strain rate hardening effects.
Irritation from metalwork after ankle arthrodesis fixed using screws: a proportional meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Izzo Antonio , Sgadari Arianna , Santagata Salvatore , Coviello Antonio , Cozzolino Andrea , Mariconda Massimo , Bernasconi Alessio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
Ankle arthrodesis (AA) is often fixed using cannulated screws. The irritation from metalwork is a relatively common complication, but there is no consensus regarding the need to remove the screws on a systematic basis. The aim of this study was to determine (1) the proportion of screws removed after AA and (2) whether predictors of screw removal could be identified.

Methods
This PRISMA-compliant systematic review was part of a larger previous protocol registered on the PROSPERO platform. Multiple databases were searched including studies in which patients undergone AA using screws as exclusive fixation method were followed. Data were harvested regarding the cohort, the study design, the surgical technique, the nonunion and complication rate at the longest follow-up. Risk of bias was assessed using the modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS).

Results
Forty-four series of patients from thirty-eight studies (1990 ankles, 1934 patients) were selected. The average follow-up was 40.8 months (range 12–110). In all studies, hardware was removed due to symptoms reported by patients and related to the screws. The pooled proportion of removal of metalwork was 3% (95% CI 2–4). The pooled proportion of fusion was 96% (95%CI 95–98), while the pooled proportion of complications and reoperations (excluding the removal of metalwork) stood at 15% (95% CI 11–18) and 3% (95% CI 2–4), respectively. The mean mCMS (50.8 ± 8.1, range 35–66) revealed only an overall fair quality of studies. The univariate analysis and the multivariate model showed that the year of publication (R = − 0.004; p = 0.01) and the number of screws (R = 0.08; p = 0.01) were associated with the screw removal rate. Specifically, we found that over time the removal rate decreased by 0.4% per year and that the use of three screws instead of two reduced the risk of removal of metalwork by 8%.

Conclusions
In this review, removal of metalwork after ankle arthrodesis using cannulated screws was needed in 3% of cases at an average follow-up of 40.8 months. It was indicated only in case of symptoms related to soft tissue irritation from screws. The use of three screws was paradoxically related to a reduced risk of removal of screws as compared to two-screw constructs.

Level of evidence
Level IV, systematic review of Level IV.
High estradiol levels during a long agonist IVF protocol are associated with decreased food intake, higher leptin concentrations, and lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
Authors: Leppänen Jonna , Nuotio Petrus , Randell Kaisa , Romppanen Jarkko , Keski-Nisula Leea , Laitinen Tomi , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Schwab Ursula , Heinonen Seppo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo study whether different hormonal phases affect appetite regulation, food intake, and concentrations of leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) during a long agonist in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol.MethodsFifty-four infertile women were encountered thrice, the first of which was at the beginning of their period (low estradiol). The other two visits were during a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog downregulation (low estradiol) and at the end of a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation (high estradiol). The first visit was the reference; the women served as their controls. The concentrations of leptin, GLP-1, and hs-CRP were assessed from plasma. Dietary intake was assessed using food records (FRs). In addition, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and plasma levels of estradiol, glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and lipids were monitored. Twenty-six of the subjects also had a postprandial test.ResultsDuring the stimulation protocol, leptin concentrations elevated (P < 0.001), and energy intake decreased (P = 0.03), while estradiol levels increased (P < 0.001). GLP-1 levels unchanged (P = 0.75) and hs-CRP (P = 0.03) concentrations diminished, while estradiol levels increased.ConclusionNo increased food intake or weight gain occurred during the stimulation protocol; thus, leptin may protect from overeating during high estradiol levels, and leptin resistance may not occur during a short follow-up. Also, a favorable anti-inflammatory effect was detected. During this study, we observed no harmful metabolic effects, which might affect negatively maternal health.
A clinical case of enzootic bovine leukosis diagnosed by using clonal analysis of peripheral B lymphocytes in a Japanese Black cow
Authors: Inokuma Hisashi , Nagata Tatsuki , Maezawa Masaki , Watanabe Ken-ichi , Kobayashi Yoshiyasu , Kojima Kazuhiro , Chambers James K. , Uchida Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA 7-year-old Japanese Black cow with anorexia was presented at a local veterinarian. As rectal palpation revealed an enlarged induration of the uterus, lymphoma was suspected, and the patient was introduced to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. Although lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis were not found, a high proviral load of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) with 464 copies/10 ng DNA was recorded, and lymphocytes with constricted or flower-like nuclei were found occasionally in the peripheral blood; accordingly, enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) was suspected. According to PCR for clonality analysis of B cells based on immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene rearrangement, monoclonal proliferation of peripheral blood B cells was evident, suggesting the presence of tumorigenic B cells in the peripheral blood and onset of EBL. Pathological examination including necropsy and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of EBL. Clonality analysis for B cells in the peripheral blood is thought to be useful for diagnosing B-cell tumors such as EBL, especially in cases lacking lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis. This is the first clinical case of EBL diagnosed by demonstrating monoclonal proliferation of peripheral blood B cells using IGH gene rearrangement-based PCR.
High Spectral and Temporal Acuity in Primary Auditory Cortex of Awake Cats
Authors: Middlebrooks John C. , Javier-Tolentino Lauren K. , Arneja Akshat , Richardson Matthew L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Most accounts of single- and multi-unit responses in auditory cortex under anesthetized conditions have emphasized V-shaped frequency tuning curves and low-pass sensitivity to rates of repeated sounds. In contrast, single-unit recordings in awake marmosets also show I-shaped and O-shaped response areas having restricted tuning to frequency and (for O units) sound level. That preparation also demonstrates synchrony to moderate click rates and representation of higher click rates by spike rates of non-synchronized tonic responses, neither of which are commonly seen in anesthetized conditions. The spectral and temporal representation observed in the marmoset might reflect special adaptations of that species, might be due to single- rather than multi-unit recording, or might indicate characteristics of awake-versus-anesthetized recording conditions. We studied spectral and temporal representation in the primary auditory cortex of alert cats. We observed V-, I-, and O-shaped response areas like those demonstrated in awake marmosets. Neurons could synchronize to click trains at rates about an octave higher than is usually seen with anesthesia. Representations of click rates by rates of non-synchronized tonic responses exhibited dynamic ranges that covered the entire range of tested click rates. The observation of these spectral and temporal representations in cats demonstrates that they are not unique to primates and, indeed, might be widespread among mammalian species. Moreover, we observed no significant difference in stimulus representation between single- and multi-unit recordings. It appears that the principal factor that has hindered observations of high spectral and temporal acuity in the auditory cortex has been the use of general anesthesia.
Are birdwatchers willing to participate in local goose management? A case study from Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Louise , Johansson Maria , Månsson Johan , Sandström Camilla , Eklund Ann , Elmberg Johan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStakeholder involvement in wildlife management is important and requires knowledge about factors motivating such participation. With several goose populations increasing in Europe and goose management incorporating multiple objectives, involvement of stakeholder groups with diverse interests is needed. In this study, we examined how evaluations of geese (attitude and acceptance capacity), but also experiences of birdwatching and birdwatcher identity, were associated with willingness to participate in local goose management. A survey among members of Sweden’s largest birdwatching organization was conducted (n = 5010). The majority of respondents, 64%, displayed a divided evaluation of geese, most frequently in terms of an overall positive attitude towards geese but a low acceptance for current goose population levels (i.e. acceptance capacity). Birdwatchers’ willingness to participate in goose management was generally low. Whereas they were more willing to take part in goose counts (i.e. monitoring) than to participate in local goose management groups, they were least willing to contribute to mitigating crop damage through scaring geese. Results further revealed that birdwatchers with a divided evaluation of geese and an entirely positive evaluation displayed the highest willingness to participate in goose management. However, a stronger distinct birdwatcher identity as a result of more birdwatching experiences was even more strongly associated with higher willingness to take part in goose management. The results highlight a need to intensify efforts to engage stakeholder groups with an interest in conservation issues in the participatory goose management system in Europe.
Implementation of Guidelines on Family Involvement for Persons with Psychotic Disorders (IFIP): A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Hestmark Lars , Romøren Maria , Heiervang Kristin Sverdvik , Hansson Kristiane Myckland , Ruud Torleif , Šaltytė Benth Jūratė , Norheim Irene , Weimand Bente , Pedersen Reidar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFamily involvement is part of the evidence-based treatment for persons with psychotic disorders, yet is under-implemented despite guideline recommendations. This study assessed whether an implementation support programme increased the adherence to guidelines on family involvement, compared to guideline/manual only. In a cluster randomised design, community mental health centre units in South-East Norway went through stratified allocation to the experimental (n = 7) or control (n = 7) arm. Experimental clusters received an implementation support programme including clinical training and supervision, appointing a family coordinator and an implementation team, a toolkit, and fidelity measurements at baseline, 12, 18, and 24 months with on-site feedback and supervision. Control clusters received no such support and had fidelity measurements at baseline and 24 months without feedback. During fidelity measurements, adherence to the guidelines was measured with the basic family involvement and support scale, the general organizational index, and the family psychoeducation fidelity scale, the latter being the primary outcome. The scales consist of 12–14 items rated from 1 to 5. Data was analysed with an independent samples t-test, linear mixed models, and a tobit regression model. At 24 months, the mean scores were 4.00 or higher on all scales in the experimental arm, and the increase in adherence to the guidelines was significantly greater than in the control arm with p-values < 0.001. Large-scale implementation of guidelines on family involvement for persons with psychotic disorders in community mental health centres may be accomplished, with substantial implementation support.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03869177. Registered 11.03.19.
Safety and anti-tumor activity of lisavanbulin administered as 48-hour infusion in patients with ovarian cancer or recurrent glioblastoma: a phase 2a study
Authors: Joerger Markus , Hundsberger Thomas , Haefliger Simon , von Moos Roger , Hottinger Andreas F. , Kaindl Thomas , Engelhardt Marc , Marszewska Michalina , Lane Heidi , Roth Patrick , Stathis Anastasios 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurpose. Lisavanbulin (BAL101553) is the prodrug of avanbulin (BAL27862), a microtubule-destabilizing agent. The goal of this study (NCT02895360) was to characterize the safety, tolerability and antitumor activity of lisavanbulin administered as a 48-hour intravenous (IV) infusion at the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of 70 mg/m2. Results from the Phase 1 dose-escalation portion of the study identifying the RP2D have been previously reported. Here, we present the findings from the Phase 2a portion of this study. Methods. This multi-center, open-label study included patients with ovarian, fallopian-tube, or primary peritoneal cancer that was either platinum-resistant or refractory (11 patients), or with first recurrence of glioblastoma (12 patients). Lisavanbulin was administered as a 48-hour IV infusion on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Results. Lisavanbulin was well tolerated in both patient cohorts. Thirteen patients (56.5%) developed 49 adverse events assessed as related to study treatment. The majority were mild or moderate; four were grade 3/4. Sixteen SAEs were reported in nine patients (39.1%), with none considered related to study treatment. No AEs led to permanent treatment discontinuation. Three patients in the ovarian cancer cohort had stable disease with lesion size reductions after two cycles of treatment; in the glioblastoma cohort, one patient showed partial response with a > 90% glioblastoma area reduction as best response, and one patient had stable disease after eight cycles of treatment. Conclusion. This study demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile of 48-hour continuous IV infusion of lisavanbulin in patients with solid extracranial tumors or glioblastoma. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT02895360.
Regulatory Basis of Adipokines Leptin and Adiponectin in Epilepsy: from Signaling Pathways to Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Shan Yisi , Chen Yeting , Gu Haiping , Wang Yadong , Sun Yaming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEpilepsy is a common and severe neurological disorder in which impaired glucose metabolism leads to changes in neuronal excitability that slow or promote the development of epilepsy. Leptin and adiponectin are important mediators regulating glucose metabolism in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Many studies have reported a strong association between epilepsy and these two adipokines involved in multiple signaling cascades and glucose metabolism. Due to the complex regulatory mechanisms between them and various signal activation networks, their role in epilepsy involves many aspects, including the release of inflammatory mediators, oxidative damage, and neuronal apoptosis. This paper aims to summarize the signaling pathways involved in leptin and adiponectin and the regulation of glucose metabolism from the perspective of the pathogenesis of epilepsy. In particular, we discuss the dual effects of leptin in epilepsy and the relationship between antiepileptic drugs and changes in the levels of these two adipokines. Clinical practitioners may need to consider these factors in evaluating clinical drugs. Through this review, we can better understand the specific involvement of leptin and adiponectin in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, provide ideas for further exploration, and bring about practical significance for the treatment of epilepsy, especially for the development of personalized treatment according to individual metabolic characteristics.