bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purpose in life and cognitive performance and informant ratings of cognitive decline, affect, and activities
Authors: Sutin Angelina R. , Luchetti Martina , Stephan Yannick , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjective:To examine (1) the association between purpose in life and multiple domains of cognitive function and informant-rated cognitive decline, affect, and activities; (2) whether these associations are moderated by sociodemographic factors, cognitive impairment, or depression; (3) whether the associations are independent of other aspects of well-being and depressive symptoms.Method:As part of the 2016 Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol from the Health and Retirement Study, participants completed a battery of cognitive tests and nominated a knowledgeable informant to rate their cognitive decline, affect, and activities. Participants with information available on their purpose in life from the 2014/2016 Leave Behind Questionnaire were included in the analytic sample (N = 2,812).Results:Purpose in life was associated with better performance in every cognitive domain examined (episodic memory, speed-attention, visuospatial skills, language, numeric reasoning; median β =.10, p <.001; median d =.53). Purpose was likewise associated with informant-rated cognitive decline and informant-rated affective and activity profiles beneficial for cognitive health (median β =.18, p < .001; median d =.55). There was little evidence of moderation by sociodemographic or other factors (e.g., depression). Life satisfaction, optimism, positive affect, and mastery were generally associated with cognition. When tested simultaneously with each other and depressive symptoms, most dimensions were reduced to non-significance; purpose remained a significant predictor.Conclusions:Purpose in life is associated with better performance across numerous domains of cognition and with emotional and behavioral patterns beneficial for cognitive health that are observable by knowledgeable others. These associations largely generalize across demographic and clinical groups and are independent of other aspects of well-being.
Five Centuries of Groundwater Elevations Provide Evidence of Shifting Climate Drivers and Human Influences on Water Resources in North Central Florida
Authors: Larson Evan R. , Mirti Tom , Wilding Thomas , Underwood Chris A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGroundwater depletion is a concern around the world with implications for food security, ecological resilience, and human conflict. Long‐term perspectives provided by tree ring‐based reconstructions can improve understanding of factors driving variability in groundwater elevations, but such reconstructions are rare to date. Here, we report a set of new 546‐year tree‐ring chronologies developed from living and remnant longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) trees that, when combined with existing bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) tree‐ring chronologies, create a set of nested reconstructions of mean annual groundwater elevation for North Central Florida that together explain 66% of the variance in instrumental measurements and span 1498–2015. Split calibration confirms the skill of the reconstructions, but coefficient of efficiency metrics and significant autocorrelation in the regression residuals indicate a weakening relationship between tree growth and groundwater elevation over recent decades. Comparison to data from nearby groundwater wells suggests extraction of groundwater is likely contributing to this weakening signal. Periodicity within the reconstruction and comparison with global sea surface temperatures (SST) highlight the role of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in driving groundwater elevations, but the strength of this role varies substantially over time. Atlantic and Pacific SST modulate ENSO influences, and comparisons to multiple proxy‐based reconstructions indicate an inconsistent and weaker influence of ENSO prior to the 1800s. Our results highlight the dynamic influence of ocean‐atmospheric phenomena on groundwater resources in North Central Florida and build on instrumental records to better depict the long‐term range of groundwater elevations.
Propagation in the Drought Cascade: Observational Analysis Over the Continental US
Authors: Entekhabi Dara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPersistent deficits in meteorological, hydrological and ecological variables define different types of drought that are often linked together in a cascade. The drought cascade is an emergent phenomenon in the climatic system. A quantitative evaluation of the drought cascade based on observations is both a rigorous test of how different components of numerical Earth System models interact with one‐another and a useful tool for practitioners concerned with drought impacts on water resource and ecosystem services. In this study the drought cascade is characterized over the continental US using remote sensing data and in situ observations. Remote sensing fields of coincident vegetation photosynthesis and above‐ground biomass anomalies are introduced into the cascade to assess the role of the terrestrial biosphere within the cascade. The propagation of the diverse drought types, in terms of amplitude‐dampening and phase‐delays, are quantified. It is shown that woody and herbaceous vegetation have contrasting responses to prolonged soil moisture deficit that is traceable to access and storage of water as well as the dual effects of water‐ and light‐limitation. The observations also show that prolonged precipitation deficit in itself is not adequate to trigger the intense soil moisture and vegetation stress responses and that excessive atmospheric evaporative demand needs to be coincident with the precipitation anomalies.
Seawater–Groundwater Interaction Governs Trace Metal Zonation in a Coastal Sandy Aquifer
Authors: Wang Zhenyan , Wang Qianqian , Guo Yifan , Yu Shengchao , Xiao Kai , Zhang Yan , Li Hailong , Zheng Chunmiao , Geng Xiaolong , Zhang Xiaolang , Li Huijie , Wang Xuejing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTrace metals in the groundwater of coastal sandy aquifers significantly influence the coastal ecosystem, yet the spatiotemporal controls of these metals remain unclear. In this paper, we comprehensively revealed the distribution patterns, key controlling factors, potential ecological risks, and fluxes to the ocean of groundwater trace metals (As, Ba, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in a coastal deep sandy aquifer. The results showed a clear zonation of trace metals in the groundwater in relation to the mixing extent between seawater and terrestrial freshwater. The freshwater zone exhibited a relatively low concentration of trace metals, whereas the freshwater‐seawater transition zone showed a substantial quantity of dissolved Fe, Mn, As, and Ba. Seawater‐groundwater interactions significantly affected the Fe, Mn, As, and Ba concentrations through redox potential and pH gradients. The tide‐driven saline water zone was vulnerable to oceanic environments and anthropogenic activities, resulting in the enrichment of trace metals such as Zn and Cd. Driven by recirculated submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), the concentrations of trace metals in the density‐driven saline circulation zone were found to be higher than those in the surrounding areas. The ecological risk index suggested that the freshwater‐seawater transition zone posted the highest ecological risks. Trace metal fluxes (i.e., Fe, Mn, and As) via SGD significantly contributed to the total input into the sea, which may have potential impacts on the coastal environments. Our study highlighted the importance of seawater‐groundwater interactions on trace element cycling in coastal sandy aquifers.
Enabling Climate Change Adaptation in Coastal Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cabana David , Rölfer Lena , Evadzi Prosper , Celliers Louis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractClimate change poses increasingly severe risks for coastal ecosystems and coastal communities all around the globe. This condition requires implementing climate adaptation policy and advancing scientific knowledge to adapt to the current and future climate risks. However, implementing climate adaptation policy in coastal areas is still in its infancy. This paper provides insight into 650 peer‐reviewed empirical research studies on coastal climate adaptation from the past two decades, providing global evidence on the status quo and distilling six relevant research gaps: (a) minimal contribution to the implementation phase of the adaptation policy cycle; (b) geographical imbalance toward specific ecoregions and coastal sub‐systems; (c) less attention to regional scale; (d) lack of sectoral integration; (e) poor contextualization within policy and coastal governance instruments and management arrangements; (f) limited economic and financial focus. Therefore, this paper identifies areas where future empirical research can help fill current knowledge gaps and improve coastal communities' ability to adapt to climate change. This increased knowledge will enhance the resilience of coastal social‐ecological systems in the face of environmental challenges.
Aqueous‐Phase Secondary Processes and Meteorological Change Promote the Brown Carbon Formation and Transformation During Haze Events
Authors: Jiang Hongxing , Cai Junjie , Feng Xinxin , Chen Yingjun , Wang Lina , Li Jun , Tang Jiao , Mo Yangzhi , Zhang Xiangyun , Zhang Gan , Mu Yunjing , Chen Jianmin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe evolution and the impacts of meteorological conditions on brown carbon (BrC) absorption are not understood, which hinders the assessment of BrC radiative forcing. To address this issue, 1‐hr time‐resolved PM2.5 samples collected during three haze events in the North China Plain prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic were used to measure the optical properties of BrC. By coupling excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy, chemical tracer analysis with multiple model analysis including positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a deweather‐random forest model, we found that a higher proportion of highly oxidized chromophoric components was present in water‐soluble BrC than in methanol‐soluble BrC, indicating the conversion of low‐oxidized water‐insoluble BrC into highly oxidized water‐soluble BrC during the day. The results of the PMF and the deweather‐random forest model showed that aqueous secondary processes were the major contributor to the BrC absorption (68% ± 38%), and the changes in meteorological conditions such as relative humidity (RH) could significantly lead to the changes in the light‐absorbing capacity of BrC, especially the enhancement for water‐soluble BrC and bleaching for methanol‐soluble BrC during the noon and afternoon. We further found that the BrC absorption capacity increased as RH increases to a maximum of ∼65%, and then decreased when RH >65%, highlighting the important role of RH in the generation of water‐soluble BrC.
Making the Best Use of GRACE, GRACE‐FO and SMAP Data Through a Constrained Bayesian Data‐Model Integration
Authors: Mehrnegar Nooshin , Schumacher Maike , Jagdhuber Thomas , Forootan Ehsan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE, 2003–2017) and its Follow‐On mission GRACE‐FO (2018‐now) provide global estimates of the vertically integrated Terrestrial Water Storage Changes (TWSC). Since 2015, the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) radiometer observes global L‐band brightness temperatures, which are sensitive to near‐surface soil moisture. In this study, we introduce our newly developed Constrained Bayesian (ConBay) optimization approach to merge the TWSC of GRACE/GRACE‐FO along with SMAP soil moisture data into the ∼10 km resolution W3RA water balance model. ConBay is formulated based on two hierarchical multivariate state‐space models to (I) separate land hydrology compartments from GRACE/GRACE‐FO TWSC, and (II) constrain the estimation of surface soil water storage based on the SMAP data. The numerical implementation is demonstrated over the High Plain (HP) aquifer in the United States between 2015 and 2021. The implementation of ConBay is compared with an unconstrained Bayesian formulation, and our validations are performed against in‐situ USGS groundwater level observations and the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Climate Change Initiative (CCI) soil moisture data. Our results indicate that the single GRACE/GRACE‐FO assimilation improves particularly the groundwater compartment. Adding SMAP data to the ConBay approach controls the updates assigned to the surface storage compartments. For example, correlation coefficients between the ESA CCI and the ConBay‐derived surface soil water storage (0.8) that are considerably higher than those derived from the unconstrained experiment (−0.3) in the North HP. The percentage of updates introduced to the W3RA groundwater storage is also decreased from 64% to 57%.
Acute and long-term effects of adolescence stress exposure on rodent adult hippocampal neurogenesis, cognition, and behaviour
Authors: Borsini Alessandra , Giacobbe Juliette , Mandal Gargi , Boldrini Maura 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdolescence represents a critical period for brain and behavioural health and characterised by the onset of mood, psychotic and anxiety disorders. In rodents, neurogenesis is very active during adolescence, when is particularly vulnerable to stress. Whether stress-related neurogenesis changes influence adolescence onset of psychiatric symptoms remains largely unknown. A systematic review was conducted on studies investigating changes in hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions, and behaviour, occurring after adolescence stress exposure in mice both acutely (at post-natal days 21–65) and in adulthood. A total of 37 studies were identified in the literature. Seven studies showed reduced hippocampal cell proliferation, and out of those two reported increased depressive-like behaviours, in adolescent rodents exposed to stress. Three studies reported a reduction in the number of new-born neurons, which however were not associated with changes in cognition or behaviour. Sixteen studies showed acutely reduced hippocampal neuroplasticity, including pre- and post-synaptic plasticity markers, dendritic spine length and density, and long-term potentiation after stress exposure. Cognitive impairments and depressive-like behaviours were reported by 11 of the 16 studies. Among studies who looked at adolescence stress exposure effects into adulthood, seven showed that the negative effects of stress observed during adolescence on either cell proliferation or hippocampal neuroplasticity, cognitive deficits and depressive-like behaviour, had variable impact in adulthood. Treating adolescent mice with antidepressants, glutamate receptor inhibitors, glucocorticoid antagonists, or healthy diet enriched in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin A, prevented or reversed those detrimental changes. Future research should investigate the translational value of these preclinical findings. Developing novel tools for measuring hippocampal neurogenesis in live humans, would allow assessing neurogenic changes following stress exposure, investigating relationships with psychiatric symptom onset, and identifying effects of therapeutic interventions.
Evaluation of psychometric properties of the eating restriction questionnaire and food involvement inventory in Iranian adults
Authors: Saadati Kiyana , Jahangasht Ghoozlu Khadije , Chaboksavar Fakhreddin , Shamsalinia Abbas , Kordbageri Mohammad Reza , Ghadimi Reza , Parvizi Shabnam , Ghaffari Fatemeh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to translate and validate the Persian version of the food involvement inventory (FII) and eating restriction questionnaire (ERQ) and to determine the measurement invariance based on gender, body mass index (BMI) status, and age. This cross-sectional study included 1100 Iranian adults. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the construct validity of FII and ERQ. Convergent and discriminant validity, measurement invariance in gender, BMI and age, reliability including internal consistency, and stability were investigated for FII and ERQ. The results showed that the four-factor construct of the FII and the one-factor construct of the ERQ were 44.27% and 55.12% of the total variance, respectively. The factor loadings of all items were > .3 in both scales and none of the items were deleted. Fitting indices indicated that the four-factor construct of the FII and the one-factor construct of the ERQ had a good and acceptable fit among the Iranian adults. The Persian versions of the FII and ERQ, translated into Persian and localized according to international standards, had high construct, convergent and discriminant validity as well as high reliability.
Risk factors for the development of triple-negative breast cancer versus non-triple-negative breast cancer: a case–control study
Authors: Nag Shona , Dikshit Rajesh , Desai Sangeeta , Mane Anupama , Mhatre Sharayu , Neve Rakesh , Gurav Mamta , Bhosale Neelambari , Perumal Prema , Kembhavi Yogesh , Jethwa Dinesh , Badwe Rajendra , Gupta Sudeep 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe risk factors for breast cancer have been defined in several studies but there is deficient data for specific subtypes. We report here the pathological characteristics of a breast cancer cohort and risk factors for patients with triple-negative disease. In this case–control study, a prospective breast cancer cohort was evaluated for demographic, reproductive, obesity-related and other risk factors using a validated questionnaire. Tumors were characterized for routine pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical markers of basal-like breast cancer. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) constituted cases and those with non-TNBC were controls. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for each risk factor and independent associations were tested in an unconditional logistic regression analysis. Between 2011 and 2014, 1146 patients were recruited, of whom 912 [TNBC 266 (29.1%), non-TNBC 646 (70.9%)] with sufficient pathology material were analysed. Reproductive factors of parity, breastfeeding, age-at-menarche, age at first full-term pregnancy and oral contraceptive use were not significantly associated with TNBC. Higher body mass index (BMI > 24.9 vs ≤ 24.9, OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.63–1.24, p = 0.49) was not significantly associated while lesser waist circumference (> 80 cm vs ≤ 80 cm, OR 0.64, 95%CI 0.45–0.9, p = 0.012) and lower waist-to-hip ratio were significantly associated (> 0.85 vs ≤ 0.85, OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.51–1.0, p = 0.056), with TNBC. History of tobacco use was not significantly associated while lower socio-economic status was borderline associated with TNBC (socio-economic category > 5 versus ≤ 5, OR 0.73, 95%CI 0.50–1.06, p = 0.106). No factor was significant after adjustment for covariates. Central obesity seems to be preferentially associated with non-TNBC, and lower socio-economic status with TNBC in India, while most other conventional risk factors of breast cancer show no significant association with TNBC versus non-TNBC.
Combination of memory type ratio and product estimators under extended EWMA statistic with application to wheat production
Authors: Zahid Rashiqa , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Khan Imad , AlQahtani Salman A. , Pathak Pranav Kumar , Rahimi Javed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe extended exponential weighted moving average (EEWMA) statistic is a memory type statistic that uses past observations along with the current information for the estimation of a population parameter to improve the efficiency of the estimators. This study utilized the EEWMA statistic to estimate the population mean with a suitable auxiliary variable. The ratio and product estimators are proposed for the surveys that are time-based by using current information along with that information. The approximate mean square errors are computed for the proposed memory type estimators and mathematical comparison is discussed to demonstrate the efficiency of the estimator. The simulation study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed memory type estimators. It can be seen from the results that the efficiency of the estimator enhances by utilizing the current sample as well as past information. A real-life example is presented to illustrate the usage of proposed estimators.
Study on the suppression effect of variable hydrogen parameters on the temperature rise of the turbo‐generator rotor under deep peak regulation
Authors: Wu Yucai , Guo Yingjie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the extensive participation of turbine generator in deep peak regulation has caused significant damage to the rotor windings, which is rooted in the frequent and significant changes in the electrical load of the rotor, accompanied by thermal expansion and contraction, causing harm to the rotor insulation and stress fatigue of the metal conductor. Hydrogen, as the cooling medium for the rotor windings of turbine generators, has a direct impact on the windings temperature through its parameters. Starting from suppressing the harm of deep peak regulation on the rotor windings, the inhibitory effect of hydrogen parameter changes on the temperature of the gap‐pickup diagonal‐flow rotor is studied. A calculation model for the rotor temperature field of the turbo‐generator with gap‐pickup diagonal‐flow ventilation is established. The finite volume method is used to iteratively calculate the control equations in the fluid‐thermal‐solid coupling heat transfer problem, and the temperature field distribution of various components of the rotor under different excitation loads is obtained. On this basis, the effects of individual adjustment of hydrogen temperature and pressure, as well as the combined adjustment, on the temperature of the rotor windings are studied. Finally, a variable hydrogen parameter adjustment strategy is proposed for the operation of turbo‐generators under deep peak regulation conditions. To a certain extent, the winding temperature fluctuation can be suppressed, which provides a potential solution for the thermal stable operation of the rotor.
SFTN: Fast object detection for aerial images
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Fan , Guo Wei , Li Tianyang , Sun Mingqian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe task of remote sensing image object detection in low latency scenes is of great research significance. To address the problem that the current high‐precision object detection algorithm based on a feature pyramid network is slow due to a large number of parameters and complicated computation, a fast remote sensing image object detection method based on a Single‐scale Feature Transformation Network (SFTN) is proposed. Firstly, based on the single‐scale remote sensing image features, the new channel features are quickly generated by a linear transformation of the original features and convolution kernel clustering optimization using cosine similarity; secondly, in order to obtain multi‐scale receptive fields, a parallel residual hole convolution module is designed to cover multi‐category remote sensing object scales on the feature map; finally, angle variables are introduced and optimized using angle similarity to effectively improve the object orientation accuracy. The experimental results on different datasets show that the method in this paper improves the detection speed rapidly while ensuring the accuracy of remote sensing image object detection, which is better than many remote sensing image object detection methods. The results demonstrate the reliability and robustness of the method.