bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health literacy among children living with a long-term condition: ‘What I know and who I tell’
Authors: Peck Blake , Bray Lucy , Dickinson Annette , Blamires Julie , Terry Daniel , Carter Bernie 
Published: May 2023

Background: Little is known about the health literacy of children living with long-term conditions. This study aimed to gain insight into the life of children with a long-term condition in the context of health literacy, specifically their understanding of their health and the barriers and facilitators to sharing information about their condition with others. Design: Child-centred qualitative arts-based approach with children aged 6–12 years. Setting: Children participating in the study came from three countries – the UK, Australia and New Zealand. Method: A participatory arts-based qualitative child-centred approach prompted children to draw, label and use stickers, body-outlines and collage to describe elements central to health literacy. This encompassed their long-term condition, their understanding of their condition, its management and decision-making associated with sharing information about their condition with others. The sessions were audio-recorded, and reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken. Results: Four central themes related to key elements of child health literacy: (1) pragmatic understanding – what it feels like and what happens in my body; (2) management regime – what do I have to do to keep on going; (3) information sharing – I don’t tell random people; and (4) benefits of sharing – they’ve got my back. Conclusion: Children indicated a pragmatic or process type understanding of their condition and its management. Children were discerning about who they shared information about their condition with, but tended to establish a network of well-informed peers capable of providing support if needed. Despite gaps in children’s health literacy, parents and families have an important role to play in checking children’s understandings and developing critical health literacy.
The epidemiology of self-immolation in Iraq: A systematic review
Authors: Ahmed Darya Rostam 
Published: May 2023

Background: Self-immolation is one of the most brutal suicide methods and is a significant social and medical problem throughout the world. Self-immolation is more common in low-income countries than in high-income countries. Aim: The aim is to evaluate the trends in self-immolation and examine its frequency in Iraq. Methods: The PRISMA guideline was used to conduct this systematic review study. We searched for publications in English, Arabic and Kurdish in PubMed and Google Scholar. A total of 105 publications were identified through the search; however, 92 were eliminated due to duplication and irrelevant content. Finally, 13 full articles were included for data extraction. The inclusion criteria were articles that investigated self-immolation. However, letters to editors and media reports on self-immolation were excluded. The retrieved studies were selected, reviewed and then quality assessed. Results: This study included 13 articles. According to the findings, self-immolation accounted for 26.38% of all burn admissions in the Iraqi provinces and the Kurdistan region, with 16.02% of those occurring in the middle and southern provinces of Iraq and 36.75% in the Kurdistan region. It is more common in women than in men, especially among young, married, illiterate, or poorly educated people. Sulaymaniyah had a higher percentage of self-immolation than other governorates in Iraq, accounting for 38.3% of burn admissions. Cultural and social norms, domestic violence, mental health problems, family conflicts and financial problems were identified as the most common causes of self-immolation. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-immolation is high among the Iraqi population, compared to other countries, particularly among the Kurdish population and in Sulaymaniyah. Self-immolation is relatively common among women. There are sociocultural factors that could contribute to this problem. Families must be restricted from having easy access to kerosene, and high-risk individuals should have access to psychological consultation to reduce the risk of self-immolation.
Recurrent croup is a good indicator of underlying paediatric airway issues: A 10-year retrospective cohort study of airway endoscopy
Authors: Hampton Thomas , Ghazal Asswad Randa , Bhat Jaya , Stevens Kate , Whitehall Emma , Milinis Kristijonas , De Su , Donne Adam , Krishnan Madhan 
Published: May 2023

Objective Children with a history of recurrent croup alert the ENT clinician to the potential for underlying laryngotracheal pathology. There is equipoise about the likelihood of identifying any underlying structural issues or subglottic stenosis in those children who undergo airway assessment. Methods A retrospective cohort study in a tertiary UK paediatric hospital of a decade of children with recurrent croup who underwent a rigid laryngo-tracheo-bronchoscopy (airway endoscopy). Main Outcome(s) airway pathology seen on endoscopy and need for further airway surgery. Results In ten years, 139 children underwent airway endoscopy for recurrent croup. Operative findings were abnormal in 62 (45 %) cases. Twelve cases (9%) had subglottic stenosis. Although recurrent croup was more common in males (78% of cases), this was not found to predispose them to operative findings. Children with previous intubations had >2 times the risk of abnormal findings and children born prematurely (<37 wks) had a trend towards abnormal operative findings versus children with no airway findings in our cohort. Even in those patients with abnormal findings, none necessitated further airway surgery. Conclusions Surgeons and parents can be reassured that rigid airway endoscopy for children with recurrent croup demonstrated high diagnostic utility but will rarely lead to further surgical intervention. Greater understanding about recurrent croup may require consensus clarification about definitions of recurrent croup and/or a universal adoption of a minimum standard operative record or grading system after rigid endoscopy for recurrent croup.
Diversity of network communication mode and interpersonal interactions: Relationship with social support and well-being
Authors: Lin Xin Yao , Lachman Margie E. 
Published: May 2023

Social interactions today expand beyond in-person interactions. Therefore, it is important to recognize that social interactions can occur with social network members across multiple communication modes (in-person, phone, and online). The current study explored the role that social support plays in the relationship between mode frequency (in-person, phone, and online), network communication mode diversity (breadth and evenness of communicating with network members via different communication modes), and well-being (positive affect, stress, and loneliness) from the 3-year UCNET (UC Berkley Social Networks Study, N = 1159) dataset. The study contained samples for two age groups (cohorts) – 21–31 year-olds and 50–70 year-olds, which also allowed for an exploration of age differences in these relationships. Longitudinal random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) showed a high degree of stability over the 3 years for all variables. Cross-sectional structural equation mediation models showed that social support mediated the relationships of mode frequency (in-person, phone, and online) and network communication mode diversity with well-being (more positive affect and less loneliness and stress). Age differences were found in the relationship between frequency of communication modes and social support, in that the frequency of communication mode was positively related to social support for younger adults, but not for middle-aged/older adults. Current findings provided future research directions geared toward further understanding of the mode frequency and network communication mode diversity constructs and how they relate to various psychosocial outcomes.
Catheter directed thrombolysis for a pulmonary arterial thrombus on VA ECMO in a child – a case report
Authors: Procopiuc Livia , Boot Elizabeth , James Paul , Karunanithy Narayan , Meadows Chris , Nyman Andrew , Lillie Jon 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) as a bridge to cardiac transplantation is considered a high risk support strategy in the paediatric population. Methods We describe the case of a 12 year old boy who required V-A ECMO support for rapidly deteriorating cardiomyopathy and developed a massive pulmonary embolus (PE) peri-cannulation. Subsequent investigations were also positive for heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Results We elected to treat the PE with ultrasound accelerated catheter directed thrombolysis using the advantages of this minimally invasive targeted method to try and resolve the PE and avoid a cerebral haemorrhage, both of which would have taken the patient off the urgent transplant list. Conclusion The PE resolved in 24 h and he went on to receive a cardiac transplant and have a favourable outcome.
Thirty day low-dose versus regular-dose aspirin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in primary total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Duke Alexander J. , Bowen Stephen , Baig Samir , Cohen Dorian , Komatsu David E , Nicholson James 
Published: May 2023

Background The optimal dosing of aspirin (ASA) monotherapy for prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty is debatable. The objective of this study was to compare two ASA regimens with regards to symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), bleeding, and infection 90 days after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods We retrospectively identified 625 primary THA and TKA surgeries in 483 patients who received ASA for 4 weeks post-op. 301 patients received 325 mg once daily (QD) and 324 patients received 81 mg twice daily (BID). Patients were excluded if they were minors, had a prior venous thromboembolism (VTE), had ASA allergy, or received other VTE prophylaxis drugs. Results There was a significant difference in rate of bleeding and suture reactions between the two groups. Bleeding was 7.6% for 325 mg QD and 2.5% for 81 mg BID ( p = .0029 Χ2, p = .004 on multivariate logistic regression analysis). Suture reactions were 3.3% for 325 mg QD and 1.2% for 81 mg BID ( p = .010 Χ2, p = .027 on multivariate logistic regression analysis). Rates of VTE, symptomatic DVT, and PE were not significantly different. The incidence of VTE was 2.7% for 325 mg QD and 1.5% for 81 mg BID ( p = .4056). Symptomatic DVT rates were 1.6% for 325 mg QD and 0.9% for 81 mg BID ( p = .4139). Deep infection was 1.0% for 325 mg QD and 0.31% for 81 mg BID ( p = .3564). Conclusion Low-dose ASA in patients with limited comorbidities undergoing primary THA and TKA is associated with significant lower rates of bleeding and suture reactions than high dose ASA. Low-dose ASA was not inferior to higher dose ASA for the prevention of VTE, wound complications, and infection 90 days postoperatively.
Living with Dementia in Aotearoa (LiDiA): A Feasibility Study for a Dementia Prevalence Study in Māori and Non-Māori Living in New Zealand
Authors: Martinez-Ruiz Adrian , Yates Susan , Cheung Gary , Dudley Makarena , Krishnamurthi Rita , Fa’alau Fuafiva , Roberts Mary , Taufa Seini , Rivera Rodriguez Claudia , Kerse Ngaire , Cullum Sarah 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Recent estimations have projected a threefold increase in dementia prevalence in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) by 2050, particularly in Maori and Pacific peoples. However, to date, there are no national data on dementia prevalence, and overseas data are used to estimate the NZ dementia statistics. The aim of this feasibility study was to prepare the groundwork for the first full-scale NZ dementia prevalence study that is representative of Māori, European, Pacific and Asian peoples living in NZ. Methods The main feasibility issues were: (i) Sampling to ensure adequate community representation from the included ethnic groups, (ii) Preparing a workforce to conduct the fieldwork and developing quality control, (iii) Raising awareness of the study in the communities (iv) Maximizing recruitment by door-knocking, (v) Retaining those we have recruited to the study and (vi) Acceptability of study recruitment and assessment using adapted versions of the 10/66 dementia protocol in different ethnic groups living in South Auckland. Results We found that a probability sampling strategy using NZ Census data was reasonably accurate and all ethnic groups were sampled effectively. We demonstrated that we were able to train up a multi-ethnic workforce consisting of lay interviewers who were able to administer the 10/66 dementia protocol in community settings. The response rate (224/297, 75.5%) at the door-knocking stage was good but attrition at subsequent stages was high and only 75/297 (25.2%) received the full interview. Conclusions Our study showed that it would be feasible to conduct a population-based dementia prevalence study using the 10/66 dementia protocol in Māori, European and Asian communities living in NZ, utilizing a qualified, skilled research team representative of the families participating in the study. The study has demonstrated that for recruitment and interviewing in Pacific communities a different but culturally appropriate approach is required.
Retrograde Trans-Amputation Embolectomy of Common, Superficial and Deep Femoral Arteries for Inflow Revascularisation During Above-Knee Amputation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Soon Joel Jia Yi , Lim Darryl 
Published: May 2023

Background Primary above-knee amputation (AKA) may at times be the only option for unsalvageable acute lower limb ischemia. However, occlusion of the femoral arteries may result in poor inflow and contribute to wound complications such as stump gangrene and sepsis. Previously attempted inflow revascularisation techniques include surgical bypass and percutaneous angioplasty and/or stenting. Case presentation We present a case of a 77-year-old lady with unsalvageable acute right lower limb ischemia secondary to cardioembolic occlusion of the common (CFA), superficial (SFA) and deep (PFA) femoral arteries. We performed a primary AKA with inflow revascularisation using a novel surgical technique involving endovascular retrograde embolectomy of the CFA, SFA and PFA via the SFA stump. The patient made an uneventful recovery without any wound complications. Detailed description of the procedure is followed by a discussion of the literature on inflow revascularisation in the treatment and prevention of stump ischemia.
Environmental and Mobility Strategies During Early COVID-19: Insights From an Empirical Study Focusing on Park Visitations in El Paso, TX
Authors: Zhong Sinan , Lee Chanam , Bian Jiahe , Towne Samuel D. , Lee Hanwool , Song Yang , Li Wei , Ory Marcia G. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: We explored the importance of environmental and mobility strategies during early COVID-19 by age and ethnicity and investigated predictors of park visitations considering the COVID-19 impacts. Background: Parks are safe and accessible venues to stay active and reduce social isolation, which is especially important considering COVID-19 and the associated lockdowns. Methods: We analyzed online survey data from 683 residents (collected July 2020) of El Paso, TX, and objective measures of neighborhood park characteristics. Chi-square tests and mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the environmental/mobility strategies, personal and environmental factors, and park visitations, considering the COVID-19 impacts. Results: The percentage of those who visited (1+ times/week) parks or trails/paths in the neighborhood dropped from 41.7% to 19.5% since the start of COVID-19 ( OR = 0.015, p < .001). Before COVID-19, middle-aged and older adults were less likely to visit parks than younger adults, while this difference became insignificant during early COVID-19. Hispanic adults were more likely to visit parks than non-Hispanics both before and during early COVID-19. Positive environmental predictors of park visitations included park availability in the neighborhood, proximity to the closest park, seeing people being physically active in the neighborhood, and neighborhood aesthetics. Conclusions: Proximately located parks, trails, and paths well integrated into residential communities, and high aesthetic quality of the neighborhood are the potential features of pandemic-resilient communities and should be considered an important national priority to maintain and promote the health and well-being of the population, especially during pandemics like COVID-19.
Measles outbreak investigation in Kasoshekumer kebele, Sinana district, South-Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia: A case–control study
Authors: Mebrate Milkessa , Hailu Cherinet , Alemu Soresa 
Published: May 2023

Objective: This study aimed at verifying the outbreak, preventing further transmission, and identifying the risk factors for the outbreak. Method: A case–control study design was conducted from March 4, 2020 to April 30, 2020, in Kasoshekumer kebele of Sinana district. Thirty-seven carer–patient pairs and 74 controls were recruited in a 1:2 case–control ratio. Patients were selected using a national standard case definition of the Ministry of Health. Controls were selected from neighbors of patients and interviewed after the second incubation period from the last patient of the outbreak by a structured questionnaire similar to patients. All cases were included while controls were selected purposively for their exposure status. Vaccine efficacy, attack rate, and case fatality rate were conducted as a descriptive epidemiology. Multivariate analysis was used to identify associated factors. Result: Out of 109 study participants, there were 37 cases and 72 controls. The mean age was 58.8 months with ±54 standard deviation. Thirty-one (83.8%) of the cases had a known contact history and 23 (62.2%) were unvaccinated. The age-specific attack rate was 36/1000 in <5 years and 53/100,000 in >15 years. The estimated vaccine efficacy was 73.7%. Having any type of socialization behavior (adjusted odds ratio = 6.8, confidence interval: 4.25, 11.4), maternal poor knowledge of measles prevention (adjusted odds ratio = 4.152, confidence interval: 1.226, 8.058), and being unvaccinated (adjusted odds ratio = 7.79, confidence interval: 2.281, 12.63) were associated factors for measles infection. Conclusion: Poor knowledge of the parents on vaccination and the less effort taken to deliver good attitude toward vaccination are resulting in measles outbreak. However, herd immunity can prevent the outbreak; if not, the community will continue to suffer from mortality and morbidity. A resilient immunization program with sustainable and equitable supply, delivery, monitoring, and evaluation is a fundamental action in prevention of measles outbreak. Increased awareness of vaccination and other prevention measures are also crucial to end the outbreaks.
A comprehensive systematic review and content analysis of active video game intervention research
Authors: Moller Arlen C , Sousa Caio V , Lee Kelly J , Alon Dar , Lu Amy S 
Published: May 2023

Objective Intervention research using digital games to promote physical activity has proliferated. Yet few studies have attempted to systematically catalog features that characterize this research. To address this gap, we undertook a systematic review and content analysis of active video game interventions, examining only published longitudinal interventions that prominently featured active video game technology (≥50% of the intervention). Methods Our protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020204191). For inclusion, an active video game intervention had to require gross movement beyond finger movement, and target improvement, maintenance, or recovery of health. The intervention design had to include at least two conditions, within- or between-subjects, with ≥10 participants per condition to examine the chronic effects of active video game exposure. Results The search resulted in 232 studies published in English between 1996 and 2020. The majority of active video game interventions (69.8%) targeted physical fitness (physiological functioning as a consequence of physical activity), followed by cognitive performance (11.3%), physical activity (5.5%), or a mixture of those outcomes (13.4%). Total enrollment across all studies was 14,849 participants ( MParticipants = 62, SD = 106; MAge = 50.2, SD = 25.2 years; 47.3% men). A strong majority of the samples (69.8%) were recruited from medical subpopulations, and only 30.2% were recruited from the general (healthy) population. A strong majority of active video games (72.0%) were developed by industry for the commercial market, and only 13.3% were funded by government or foundation grants. Conclusions Suggested directions for improving future active video game development and intervention research include greater consideration of promising features (social connectedness, novelty, narrative, rhythmic movement to music) and new models for productive collaboration between industry and academia.
A New Trend in Social Media and Medicine: The Poor Quality of Videos Related to Ankle Sprain Exercises on TikTok
Authors: Anastasio Albert T. , Tabarestani Troy Q. , Bagheri Kian , Bethell Mikhail A. , Prado Isabel , Taylor Joshua R. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Social media platforms, like TikTok, have become popular options for the distribution of health care information. Because of the lack of scientific oversight, the quality of health care–related videos has become a focus of the current literature. However, orthopaedic surgery has lagged behind other fields in acknowledging the widespread utilization of TikTok videos for medical information consumption. This study aims to assess the quality and educational benefits of ankle sprain–related TikTok videos. Methods: TikTok was queried using the hashtag “#anklesprainexercises.” One hundred videos were included after applying the exclusion criteria. The number of views, likes, shares, comments, and favorites was recorded. The content was graded using DISCERN (a well-validated informational analysis tool) and ASEES (a self-designed tool for exercise evaluation). We hypothesized that information on TikTok related to ankle sprain exercises would be poor in quality. Results: The total number of views of the 100 videos was 6 483 412, with a median of 5377.5 (IQR = 1074-20 275). The videos collectively received 385 847 likes, 3642 comments, 55 574 favorites, and 14 918 shares with a median of 267.5 (IQR = 41.5-1678.0), 4.0 (IQR = 0.0-23.0), 42.0 (IQR = 4.8-264.5), and 13.0 (IQR = 1.8-67.8), respectively. General users had a higher percentage of their videos graded as “very poor” (61.8%) in comparison to the number of videos uploaded by health care professionals deemed “very poor” (34.4%). Neither general user nor health care professionals had videos graded as “good” or “excellent.” There were significant differences between the 2 groups for DISCERN 1, 3, and ASSES scores. Conclusion: Although TikTok is a powerful tool for information distribution, the educational value of the videos related to ankle sprain injury exercises was poor. With only 2% of videos receiving a grade of “fair,” and no videos reaching a score of “good” or “excellent,” health care professionals should be aware of the low-quality content easily accessible on TikTok. Level of Evidence: Level III, cross-sectional study.