bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A step of faith: The experiences of street children in search of survival in Nakuru City, Kenya and its implications on policy
Authors: Ongowo Eliud Okumu , Ngetich Kibet , Murenga Hadija 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLiterature on street children has documented the life of street children in four phases: at home, on the streets, in child care institutions and post institutionalization. However, the journey to the streets has not received sufficient scholarly examination. This article documents street children's experiences in search of survival in Nakuru City, Kenya. The study adopted a qualitative research design with Nakuru City being purposively selected as an emerging city and a fourth city in Kenya with the highest number of street children. Data was collected from 14 purposively street children through in‐depth interviews and analysed thematically. The study demonstrates unique experiences of the journey to the streets and recommends policy development that guarantee survival and protection rights. We conclude that the desire for survival generates resilience in children that powers them through the journey to the streets.
Cystic lesions in the salivary gland. Pitfalls to be avoided on cytology
Authors: Vegni Federica , Feraco Angela , Policardo Federica , Tralongo Pietro , De Stefano Ilenia , Ferraro Giulia , Zhang Qianqian , Carlino Angela , Navarra Elena , Mulè Antonino , Rossi Esther Diana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCystic lesions of the salivary glands are very uncommon entities. However, on occasion, some neoplasms of the salivary glands show a cystic component, which may be predominant or only partially cystic. Basal cell adenoma, canalicular adenoma, oncocytoma, sebaceous adenoma, intraductal papilloma, epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma, intraductal carcinoma, and secretory carcinoma are such cystic entities. Cystic degeneration and necrosis, which can develop within solid tumours, represent another possibility. The ability to recognise this type of lesion is a challenge in diagnostic cytology because hypocellular fluid is frequently recovered. Furthermore, evaluating all of the differential diagnoses for cystic lesions of the salivary glands is helpful in obtaining the correct diagnosis. Herein, we evaluate the various types of cystic lesions within the salivary glands.
Preference and performance of the generalist aphid Myzus persicae on closely and distantly related plant species
Authors: Altesor Paula , González Andrés 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ability of herbivorous insects to discriminate suitable host plants for the development of their progeny is not homogenous. Herbivores with broader diets show weaker correlation between oviposition preference and offspring performance in comparison with specialist insects. The neural constraints hypothesis postulates that due to neural limitation, generalist insects would have greater difficulty in processing a large number of stimuli from diverse host plants. Under this framework, it is expected that generalists would be more efficient in discriminating suitable plants when faced with more similar stimuli from closely related plants (simplified environment), and less efficient when faced with more diverse stimuli from unrelated plants (complex environment). In this study, we evaluated this in the generalist aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Preference was evaluated as the aphid's ability to discriminate between congeneric plant species or between plants from different families. The congeneric host plants were the cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum L., the wild potato, Solanum commersonii Dunal, tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., and eggplant, Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae). The plant species of different families used were spinach, Spinacia oleracea L. (Amaranthaceae), squash, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (Cucurbitaceae), and basil, Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae). Performance was evaluated as the population growth in one generation on whole‐plant conditions and on excised leaves. The results showed positive correlations between settlement and larviposition preferences and the performance of M. persicae for all comparisons between unrelated plant species. Positive correlations between preference and performance were also observed for two of the three comparisons between congeneric plants. These results indicate that M. persicae can efficiently discriminate between suitable plants for their progeny regardless of the degree of relatedness of the plants, which is at odds with the neural constraints hypothesis. The results contribute to the knowledge of host selection mechanisms in generalist herbivores, particularly in an underrepresented insect group.
Self‐superparasitism, oviposition order, and delay: does offspring survival explain host exploitation strategies of females under interspecific competition in a solitary parasitoid wasp?
Authors: Mohamad Rihab , Goubault Marlène 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIf the risk of larval competition is high and its consequence on offspring mortality is important, we expect female behavioural strategies favouring the survival of their offspring to be selected for. In parasitoids, hosts can be parasitized several times, in some cases by females of different species (i.e., multiparasitism). In solitary parasitoids, only one offspring can develop per host: supernumerary individuals are eliminated through larval competition. Under these conditions, mothers can lay additional eggs in/on the same host (i.e., self‐superparasitism) to increase the chances of one of their offspring winning the competition. They can also aggressively protect their offspring against competing females to prevent them from multiparasitism and ovicide. Both strategies (self‐superparasitism and host defence) are observed in females of the solitary ectoparasitoid wasp, Dinarmus basalis Rondani (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), when facing females of another solitary ectoparasitoid species, Eupelmus vuilleti (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), during host exploitation. Here, we aimed to explore whether D. basalis females' behaviours relate to their offspring survival chances during larval competition: we expect mothers to defend their hosts only during the vulnerability period of their offspring and self‐superparasitize to increase the chances of their offspring winning the larval competition. We thus measured the effect of oviposition order (D. basalis females oviposited first or second), delay between ovipositions (30–60 min or 3–4 h) and the occurrence of D. basalis females' self‐superparasitism on D. basalis offspring survival when competing with E. vuilleti juveniles. Our results showed D. basalis offspring constantly had a lower survival probability than E. vuilleti offspring. Only being laid first increased D. basalis offspring survival rate, whereas the time delay between ovipositions and self‐superparasitism did not significantly increase it further. The fact that offspring survival chances under interspecific competition may not be the main driver of maternal host protection and self‐superparasitism is discussed.
Development of undergraduate students' diagnostic accuracy for the classification of molar incisor hypomineralization
Authors: Restrepo Manuel , Rojas‐Gualdrón Diego Fernando , de Farias Aline Leite , Escobar Alfonso , Vélez Luís Fernando , Bussaneli Diego Girotto , Santos‐Pinto Lourdes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionOne of the major difficulties with respect to molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is its classification and differentiation from other enamel development defects (EDDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy in dental students to classify MIH as well as its differentiation from other EDDs by combining conventional theoretical classes and e‐learning‐assisted pre‐clinical practices.MethodsIn this one‐group pre‐test and post‐test study, 59 second‐year students assessed 115 validated photographs using the MIH Index on the Moodle learning platform. This index assesses the clinical features and extent of MIH, differentiating it from other EDDs. Students received automatic feedback after the pre‐test. Two weeks later, students re‐evaluated the same photographs. Both pairwise accuracy and overall diagnostic accuracy were estimated and compared for pre‐ and post‐testing, with the area under the curve AUC, along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsThe lowest diagnostic accuracy was for the ability to discriminate between white or cream‐coloured demarcated opacities and hypomineralization‐type defect that is not MIH. The overall pre‐test accuracy was AUC = 0.83 and increased significantly post‐test to AUC = 0.99 (p < .001). The overall accuracy to discriminate the extent of the lesion also increased significantly post‐test (p < .001).ConclusionDiagnostic skills to classify MIH can be developed by combining conventional theoretical classes and e‐learning‐assisted pre‐clinical practices.
Relationship satisfaction and money pooling among older working and retired couples in Sweden
Authors: Kridahl Linda , Duvander Ann‐Zofie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores whether relationship satisfaction among older individuals living with a partner is influenced by partners' status of working or being retired, and whether the degree of pooling money affects the association.BackgroundCouple's spending decisions are likely influenced by the partner with the greatest bargaining power, which may lead to different levels of relationship satisfaction. However, any role of partners' statuses on relationship satisfaction may change when adjusting for how partners organize resources.MethodThe subsample consists of older respondents in the Swedish Gender and Generations Survey 2012–2013 (n = 1,737). The analytical approach is logistic regression where the outcome is whether the respondents are completely or not completely satisfied with their relationship.ResultsWorking respondents with a working partner were less satisfied with their relationship compared to retired respondents with a retired partner. In models considering the gender of whom is retired or working, respondents in couples with a working woman and a retired man were also less satisfied than retired respondents with a retired partner. However, this association disappears when adjusting for degree of pooling.ConclusionIn couples where the woman retires earlier than the man, it can have a negative impact on relationship satisfaction when the partners do not pool money. For couples with the same status, pooling seems to matter less.ImplicationsFinancial educators, practitioners, and policymakers may acknowledge that retirement and working status of older partners play a role for relationship satisfaction, and how partners organize resources may be one area that provides a potential explanation for such problems.
“They won't push me away”: Transgender and gender‐expansive youth of color's perceptions of parental gender‐identity‐specific support
Authors: Marx Robert A. , Peña Frank J. , McCurdy Amy L. , Maier Allie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to identify types of gender‐identity‐specific social support provided by parents that helps transgender and gender‐expansive (TGE) youth of color thrive.BackgroundTGE youth of color benefit from parental social support, though less is known about supportive practices that specifically affirm marginalized gender identities—gender‐identity‐specific social support. Guided by a counter‐storytelling framework that highlights the voices of TGE youth of color, this study investigates how TGE youth of color perceive such support from parents.MethodData were collected via semistructured interviews with 18 youth (14–25 years, Mage = 20.28) who identified as TGE and as persons of color. Transcripts were analyzed using a modified thematic coding approach to identify themes related to youth perceptions of parental support of their gender identities.ResultsFindings revealed four major themes related to parental provision of gender‐identity‐specific social support: self‐work, support of gender‐atypical behavior during early development, current affirmational and instrumental support, and family cohesion. Participants discussed parental gender‐identity‐specific support as a valued source of strength.ConclusionTGE youth well‐being can be enhanced by facilitating parents' provision of gender‐identity‐specific social support.ImplicationsSpecific insight into sources of resilience and strength for TGE youth of color are offered for researchers and practitioners.
Extensive characterization of a Williams syndrome murine model shows Gtf2ird1‐mediated rescue of select sensorimotor tasks, but no effect on enhanced social behavior
Authors: Nygaard Kayla R. , Maloney Susan E. , Swift Raylynn G. , McCullough Katherine B. , Wagner Rachael E. , Fass Stuart B. , Garbett Krassimira , Mirnics Karoly , Veenstra‐VanderWeele Jeremy , Dougherty Joseph D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWilliams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder exhibiting cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, including increased social motivation, risk of anxiety and specific phobias along with perturbed motor function. Williams syndrome is caused by a microdeletion of 26–28 genes on chromosome 7, including GTF2IRD1, which encodes a transcription factor suggested to play a role in the behavioral profile of Williams syndrome. Duplications of the full region also lead to frequent autism diagnosis, social phobias and language delay. Thus, genes in the region appear to regulate social motivation in a dose‐sensitive manner. A “complete deletion” mouse, heterozygously eliminating the syntenic Williams syndrome region, has been deeply characterized for cardiac phenotypes, but direct measures of social motivation have not been assessed. Furthermore, the role of Gtf2ird1 in these behaviors has not been addressed in a relevant genetic context. Here, we have generated a mouse overexpressing Gtf2ird1, which can be used both to model duplication of this gene alone and to rescue Gtf2ird1 expression in the complete deletion mice. Using a comprehensive behavioral pipeline and direct measures of social motivation, we provide evidence that the Williams syndrome critical region regulates social motivation along with motor and anxiety phenotypes, but that Gtf2ird1 complementation is not sufficient to rescue most of these traits, and duplication does not decrease social motivation. However, Gtf2ird1 complementation does rescue light‐aversive behavior and performance on select sensorimotor tasks, perhaps indicating a role for this gene in sensory processing or integration.
Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses on the fermentation quality, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and microbial community of Korshinsk peashrub (Caragana korshinskii Kom.) silages harvested at two growth stages
Authors: Ke Wencan , Wang Yan , Rinne Marketta , de Oliveira Franco Marcia , Li Fuhou , Lin Yufan , Zhang Qing , Cai Yimin , Zhang Guijie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of additives on fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and microbial communities of Korshinsk peashrub (Caragana korshinskii Kom.) silages at different maturity stages. Korshinsk peashrub was harvested at budding (S1) and blooming (S2) stages, and ensiled without additives (CON), or with 5% molasses (M0), or a combination of 5% molasses and either L. plantarum CLP (M1) or L. plantarum L694 (M2). Each treatment was triplicated and ensiled for 60 days. Delayed harvest increased water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in silages at S2 stage, whereas crude protein (CP) was lower in silages at S1 stage. Compared with the CON group, the additives treated silages had lower pH, greater lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), and WSC concentrations (p < .05). Application of molasses alone or in combination with CLP had a noticeable effect on bacterial communities, with an increase in Lactobacillus in silages at both stages, whereas M2 silages presented more unfavourable microorganisms. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that LA concentration in silage was positively correlated with Lactobacillus relative abundance at both stages, while ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) concentration was positively correlated with the relative abundances of unclassified‐f‐Enterobacteriaceae and Enterobacter. In conclusion, delayed harvest could result in greater WSC and aNDF but lower CP in Korshinsk peashrub silage. Low WSC is the primary limiting factor affecting silage quality, and ensiling with molasses accelerated lactic acid fermentation in Korshinsk peashrub silage, providing a high‐quality forage resource for livestock production.
Self‐perceived oral health and orofacial appearance in an adult population, 60 years of age
Authors: Henricsson Sara , Bengtsson Viveca Wallin , Renvert Stefan , Berglund Johan Sanmartin , Lundegren Nina , Andersson Pia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to compare self‐perceived oral health and orofacial appearance in three different cohorts of 60‐year‐old individuals.MethodA cross‐sectional design, based on data obtained from a questionnaire used in the Swedish National Study of Aging and Care. The sample comprised 478 individuals, from baseline, 2001–2003 (n = 191), 2007–2009 (n = 218) and 2014–2015 (n = 69). Comparisons were made within and between the cohorts, with bivariate analysis and Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.ResultsThe result showed that a low number of the participants reported self‐perceived problems with oral health. Of the problems reported, a higher proportion in cohort 2014–2015 (39.3%) experienced problems with bleeding gums. The experience of bleeding gums increased between the cohorts 2001–2003 and 2014–2015 (p = 0.040) and between 2007–2009 and 2014–2015 (p = 0.017). The prevalence of discomfort with sensitive teeth was experienced in 7%–32%. Twice as many women compared to men experienced discomfort in all cohorts (no significant differences between the cohorts). Satisfaction with dental appearance was experienced in 75%–84%. Twice as many women compared to men were dissatisfied with their dental appearance in 2001–2003 (p = 0.011) and with discoloured teeth (p = 0.020). No significant differences could be seen between the cohorts regarding discomfort with dental appearance or discoloured teeth.ConclusionThe 60‐year‐olds irrespective of birth cohort, perceived their oral health and orofacial appearance as satisfactory.
Development, characterization, and assessment of antioxidant pectin–sodium alginate based edible films incorporated with cassia essential oil
Authors: Bhatia Saurabh , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Jawad Muhammad , Shah Yasir Abbas , Al‐Azri Mohammed Said , Ullah Sana , Oz Emel , Oz Fatih , Koca Esra , Aydemir Levent Yurdaer 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis research was conducted in order to develop a sustainable and eco‐friendly pectin–sodium alginate‐based packaging material using natural additives. Cassia essential oil (CEO) is a GRAS‐approved natural preservative and flavouring agent used for a variety of food products. Recent reports revealed the growing interest in using oils in packaging material as natural additives. In the current study, CEO is loaded in pectin–sodium alginate‐based composite films. The main component observed in CEO was cinnamaldehyde which was evaluated by employing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Moreover, the incorporation of CEO improved the tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EAB) and increased the opacity of the films. However, a decrease in the moisture content, water solubility and water vapour permeability was observed with the incorporation of EO. Additionally, SEM analysis of the CEO‐loaded films revealed an improvement in their morphology. The results of the DPPH and ABTS cation scavenging assays revealed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in antioxidant activity with the incorporation of CEO. These findings indicate that cassia essential oil can be employed as a natural additive to develop edible active packaging material.
Effect of continuous nursing on wound infection and quality of life in patients with cancer‐related stoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Shuju , Li Nianmei , Li Xiaojing , Qi Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA meta‐analysis was conducted to comprehensively assess the effect of continuous nursing on wound infection and quality of life in patients with cancer‐related stomas, providing an evidence‐based rationale for the care of these patients. A computerised search of PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of continuous nursing on wound infection and quality of life in patients with cancer‐related stoma was conducted from the time the database was created to March 2023. The retrieved literature was screened, data were extracted, and the quality of the literature was evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Seventeen RCTs involving 1437 patients were included. Of the 1437 patients, 728 were in the continuous nursing group and 709 were in the control group. The results showed that continuous nursing significantly reduced the rate of wound infection in patients with cancer‐related stomas (odds ratio [OR]: 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16–0.53, p < 0.001) and improved their quality of life (standardised mean difference: 1.90. 95% CI: 1.32–2.47, p < 0.001). Available evidence suggests that continuous nursing for patients with cancer‐related stomas can significantly reduce wound infections and improve their quality of life.
Validation of the newly developed Advanced Practice Nurse Task Questionnaire: A national survey
Authors: Beckmann Sonja , Schmid‐Mohler Gabriela , Müller Marianne , Spichiger Elisabeth , Nicca Dunja , Eicher Manuela , Ullmann‐Bremi Andrea , Petry Heidi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo describe psychometric validation of the newly developed Advanced Practice Nurse Task Questionnaire.DesignCross‐sectional quantitative study.MethodsThe development of the questionnaire followed an adapted version of the seven steps described in the guide by the Association for Medical Education in Europe. A nationwide online survey tested the construct and structural validity and internal consistency using an exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and a Kruskal–Wallis test to compare the hypotheses.ResultsWe received 222 questionnaires between January and September 2020. The factor analysis produced a seven‐factor solution as suggested in Hamric's model. However, not all item loadings aligned with the framework's competencies. Cronbach's alpha of factors ranged between .795 and .879. The analysis confirmed the construct validity of the Advanced Practice Nurse Task Questionnaire. The tool was able to discriminate the competencies of guidance and coaching, direct clinical practice and leadership across the three advanced practice nurse roles clinical nurse specialist, nurse practitioner or blended role.ConclusionA precise assessment of advanced practice nurse tasks is crucial in clinical practice and in research as it may be a basis for further refinement, implementation and evaluation of roles.ImpactThe Advanced Practice Nurse Task Questionnaire is the first valid tool to assess tasks according to Hamric's model of competencies independently of the role or the setting. Additionally, it distinguishes the most common advanced practice nurse roles according to the degree of tasks in direct clinical practice and leadership. The tool may be applied in various countries, independent of the degree of implementation and understanding of advanced nursing practice.Reporting MethodThe STARD 2015 guideline was used to report the study.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.