bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation ofhigh‐performancecyanate ester space composites by anodized aluminum
Authors: Severino Joseph V. , Kim Hyun I. , Ferrelli Geena L. , Zaldivar Rafael J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCyanate esters are preferred resins for space composites based on excellent mechanical, thermal and dimensional properties. Yet, they are sensitive to co‐reactions with secondary constituents making compatibility a processing challenge. Anodized aluminum mandrels are commonly used for composite manufacturing but deleterious interactions with cyanate ester is not well understood. We investigate here the interaction of anodized aluminum mandrels with surrounding environments and its impact on cure, thermal stability and mechanical properties of M55J/RS3C composites. The uptake and diffusivity of environmental moisture in mandrels was determined gravimetrically and fit to a predictive Fickian model. Cured composite properties were evaluated and correlated with glass transition temperatures (Tg) by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal stability by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), mechanical properties by flatwise tensile test, and the degradation depth profile by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Parallel to previous results for RS3C but more severe, the degradation penetrated up to 500 μm with reductions of 90°C in Tg, 100°C in thermal stability and 33% mass loss. The inorganic oxide surprisingly absorbs 10× more water at 10× higher rate than composite mandrel materials. The reported results show the anodization presents a unique hydrolysis risk when manufacturing cyanate ester composites so disciplined use and environmental conditioning should be considered when developing space structures.HighlightsCyanate ester composites degraded by anodized mandrels for all conditions.Thermogram signals correlate to composite mechanical degradation.Composite degradation depth gradient determined by atomic force microscopy.
Impact of continued mindfulness practice on resilience and well‐being in mindfulness‐based intervention graduates during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tanaka Chisato , Wakaizumi Kenta , Ninomiya Akira , Tamura Noriko , Kosugi Shizuko , Park Sunre , Sado Mitsuhiro , Mimura Masaru , Fujisawa Daisuke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused unprecedented stress. Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) are known to be effective in reducing stress. However, it is unclear how long‐term outcomes differ between those who continue mindfulness practice after MBIs and those who do not. In this study, we hypothesized that those who continued mindfulness practice would have higher stress tolerance, and we examined this hypothesis through a survey of MBI graduates. In this study, we examined the association between the continuation of mindfulness practice among MBI completers and individual stress during the COVID‐19 epidemic.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of MBI graduates was conducted. The physical and mental health states were compared between those who established a habit of mindfulness practice (practice group) and those who did not (no practice group).ResultsThe data were collected from 95 participants (response rate: 53.7%). Of the total respondents, 66 (69.5%) practiced mindfulness. Although the degree of perceived stress due to the COVID‐19 pandemic was not statistically different between the practice and no practice groups, the practice group showed significantly lower levels of depression (p = 0.007), higher levels of resilience (p = 0.006), higher levels of overall health (p = 0.006), and higher levels of mental health (p = 0.039). The effect of mindfulness practice on reducing depression was fully mediated by resilience.ConclusionAmong MBI graduates, those who regularly practiced mindfulness had lower levels of depression and higher levels of physical and mental health. Thus, the continuation of mindfulness practice increases resilience, buffers against new stressors such as the COVID‐19 pandemic, and has the potential to prevent depression.
SrFx‐based electron‐selective contact with high tolerance to thickness for crystalline silicon solar cells enabling efficiency over 21%
Authors: Xing Chunfang , Jiang Conghui , Gu Wenbo , Lou Xinliang , Gao Kun , Song Yuhang , Shao Beibei , Li Kun , Wang Xinyu , Xu Dacheng , Zhang Xiaohong , Wang Yusheng , Yang Xinbo , Sun Baoquan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWide‐bandgap metal compound‐based dopant‐free passivating contacts have been explored to fabricate crystalline silicon (Si) solar cells to mitigate the high carrier recombination rate of metal‐Si contact directly. Here, an over 4‐nm‐thick single‐layer strontium fluoride (SrFx) and a double‐layer SrFx/lithium fluoride (LiF) films deposited by a facile vacuum thermal evaporation are developed to act as high‐performance electron‐selective contacts. SrFx with ultra‐low work function (2.8 eV) induces a strong downward band bending at the n‐type Si (n‐Si)/SrFx interface, and a dipole active layer exists at the SrFx/aluminum (Al) interface, enabling a low contact resistivity (ρc) of 34.1 mΩ cm2 and thus yielding an impressive fill factor (FF) of 82.8%. Eventually, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.1% is achieved in the SrFx‐based solar cell. Moreover, in the n‐Si/SrFx/LiF/Al contact, the diffusion of Li in the SrFx film favors facilitating electron transport as well as relaxing its thickness restriction, inhibiting carrier recombination. And an impressive FF of 83.7% with a low ρc of 25.9 mΩ cm2, an improved open‐circuit voltage of 631 mV, and a short‐circuit current density of 39.9 mA/cm2 are attained, resulting in a champion PCE of 21.1%. Double‐layer SrFx/LiF deposited by a simple process provides a grand opportunity to fabricate low‐cost and high‐PCE photovoltaic devices.
Lung function deficits and bronchodilator responsiveness at 12 years of age in children born very preterm compared with controls born at term
Authors: Hagman Cecilia , Björklund Lars J. , Bjermer Leif , Hansen‐Pupp Ingrid , Tufvesson Ellen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionVery preterm birth is associated with lung function impairment later in life, but several aspects have not been studied. We aimed to comprehensively assess lung function at school age in very preterm infants and term controls, with special emphasis on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), sex, and bronchodilator response.MethodsAt 12 years of age, 136 children born very preterm (85 with and 51 without BPD) and 56 children born at term performed spirometry, body plethysmography, impulse oscillometry, measurement of diffusion capacity, and multiple breath washout, before and after bronchodilator inhalation.ResultsAirway symptoms and a diagnosis of asthma were more common in children born very preterm. These children had more airflow limitation, seen as lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (p < .001), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (p = .011), and mean forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (p < .001), and a higher total and peripheral airway resistance compared with term‐born controls. There was no difference in total lung capacity but air trapping and lung clearance index were higher in children born very preterm. Diffusion capacity was lower in children born very preterm, especially in those with a diagnosis of BPD. In most other tests, the differences between preterm‐born children with or without BPD were smaller than between children born preterm versus at term. Boys born preterm had more lung function deficits than preterm‐born girls. In children born very preterm, airway obstruction was to a large extent reversible.ConclusionAt 12 years of age, children born very preterm had lower lung function than children born at term in most aspects and there was only little difference between children with or without BPD. Airway obstruction improved markedly after bronchodilator inhalation.
Physiotherapists' engagement in work ability and return to work issues of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. A cross‐sectional survey in Norway
Authors: Ask Tove , Dragesund Tove , Magnussen Liv Heide , Eland Nicolaas Dingeman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWork and health are a national priority in Norway, and leading health authorities call for treatment approaches that incorporate these perspectives. We have little knowledge of how physiotherapists in private practice integrate the work perspective during the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, the purpose of this study was to gain more insight into the way physiotherapists in Norway integrate the aspect of work.MethodsIn 2021, all 2650 privately practising members of the Norwegian Physiotherapist Association received a web‐based survey that was answered by 514 physiotherapists. The survey included questions about treatment approaches, competencies, and collaboration with other health professionals in the context of promoting work participation.Results91% of the physiotherapists reported that they play an important role in assessing work ability. 75% were confident in assessing the patients' work ability, while 25% stated that they have little or some competence. 49% of the physiotherapists often contacted the general practitioner (GP) to discuss patients' ability to work, and 19% were often contacted by the GP. Only 14% stated that they were invited to participate in dialogue meetings with the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration. 28% of the physiotherapists reported that insufficient knowledge about social security issues was an obstacle in promoting the patient's work participation. The physiotherapists believed that increased use of standardised assessment tools, better knowledge of social security issues, and closer collaboration with other professionals may strengthen their role in promoting work participation.Discussion and ConclusionAlthough physiotherapists promote work participation when treating patients on sick leave, limited communication with the stakeholders, and inadequate knowledge of social security issues pose an obstacle. To strengthen the physiotherapist's role in the return‐to‐work facilitation, work and health should become a separate subject in basic and advanced education programmes for physiotherapists.
An assessment of older adults' selection of over‐the‐counter medication: What information are they utilizing during the selection process?
Authors: Harben Alyssa , Esfahanian Shiva , Bix Laura 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHerein, we investigate the information older adults use when selecting over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications. Two specific objectives framed our work: (1) determine what information older adults believe to be important when selecting an OTC and (2) determine what information they believe to be important when assessing an OTC product's appropriateness for use. Five focus groups comprised of OTC users aged 65+ (total n = 24) were led using a moderator guide which incorporated surveys, individual activities and guide group discussions in support of these objectives. Complete transcripts of group discussions were coded into emergent themes and analysed in conjunction with survey results. Four broad themes were identified: price, search for advice, perception of efficacy and perception of safety. While we framed our study specific to labelling information, expecting older consumers to use a deliberative decision‐making process, typical of products that carry risk, what emerged was the fact that they utilized a habit‐based process that was largely driven by price comparisons and previous success with products. The specific, intensive information from the Drug Facts Label (DFL) required by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which we had designed our questions around, was not the information discussed intently by our participants. Data suggests that they rely on simple heuristics available through other aspects of the packaging.
DFT‐based systematic study on the structural, optoelectronic, thermodynamic, vibrational, and mechanical behavior of Ruddlesden Popper perovskites Sr2XO4 (X = Zr, Hf) for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Khalil R. M. Arif , Hussain Muhammad Iqbal , Karim Bushra , Albalawi Hind , Hussein Khaild I. , Hussain Fayyaz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDFT study on the structural, optoelectronic, thermodynamic, vibrational, and mechanical properties of Ruddlesden Popper (RP) perovskites Sr2XO4 (X = Zr, Hf) is made with the help of first principle simulation in the framework of WIEN2K code. The lattice constants in bohr unit are found to be for Sr2ZrO4, and for Sr2HfO4. The calculated band gap values are 2.65 eV for Sr2ZrO4 and 2.58 eV for Sr2HfO4. The band structure and electronic density of states reveal the semiconductor nature of these materials having an indirect band gap. Also, Kramers–Krönig relations are used for optical analysis which unveils that these compounds are suitable for applications in optoelectronic. The vibrational investigations are done while using harmonic approximation. Phonon dispersion curves are plotted to observe the vibrational modes by DFPT to confirm the dynamical stability of studied compounds. Although few soft modes have appeared, however, these compounds are found to be thermally stable. Raman modes appeared at low and high frequencies whereas IR modes are noticed at intermediate frequencies for considered compounds. Upon thermodynamical examination, the maximum value of free energy at 1000 K is noted to be −1.95 eV for Sr2ZrO4 and −2.25 eV for Sr2HfO4. The elastic constants are calculated by using the Voigt–Reuss–Hill approximation. The calculated anisotropic values for these compounds are 1.077 (A) and 0.913 (A) which indicate that Sr2ZrO4 has isotropic behavior and Sr2HfO4 has anisotropic behavior. From our calculations, Voigt Young's modulus of Sr2ZrO4 and Sr2HfO4 is 266.99 (GPa) and 279.42 (GPa) along with Poison's ratio of 0.29 and 0.26, respectively.
Theoretical and experimental studies on the thermal decomposition and fire‐extinguishing performance of 1,1,2,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐1‐propene (R1216)
Authors: Li Shukai , Zhang Xiao , Li Xueqing , Yu Rourou , Chang ZhenXiang , Yang Zhao , Tan Zhaoyang , Wang Xingyu , Li Jianfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the severe damage of Halon to the stratospheric ozone layer, the urgent need for substitutions for Halon has driven the search for potential alternatives. As a perfluoroolefin substance, R1216 (1,1,2,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐1‐propene) has a similar chemical structure to the widely used 2‐bromo‐3,3,3‐trifluoro‐1‐ene (CF3CBrCH2, 2‐BTP) extinguishants. This study revealed the thermal decomposition and fire‐extinguishing performance of R1216 using theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. It was found that R1216 has high thermal stability and does not decompose at 600°C, and not only achieves the purpose of chemical extinguishment by generating perfluoroalkanes, perfluoroolefins and CF3· radicals that can capture H· and OH· radicals in the flame to interrupt the chain reactions of combustion, but also achieve the goal of cooling by absorbing heat through bond breaking. A combination of physical and chemical inhibition makes R1216 ideal for fire suppression (6.78 and 7.40 vol% for methane and propane flames, respectively). R1216 does not contain Br· and has a global warming potential of 0, which is more environmentally friendly. These findings suggested that R1216 may be a potential Halon substitute with promising applications and deserved further evaluation.
Quantum Correlation Generation Capability of Experimental Processes
Authors: Huang Wei‐Hao , Chen Shih‐Hsuan , Chang Chun‐Hao , Hsu Tzu‐Liang , Wang Kuan‐Jou , Li Che‐Ming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEinstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering and Bell nonlocality illustrate two different kinds of correlations predicted by quantum mechanics. They not only motivate the exploration of the foundation of quantum mechanics, but also serve as important resources for quantum‐information processing in the presence of untrusted measurement apparatuses. Herein, a method for characterizing the creation of EPR steering and Bell nonlocality is introduced for dynamical processes in experiments. It shows that the capability of an experimental process to create quantum correlations can be quantified and identified simply by preparing separable states as test inputs of the process and then performing local measurements on single qubits of the corresponding outputs. This finding enables the construction of objective benchmarks for the two‐qubit controlled operations used to perform universal quantum computation. It demonstrates this utility by examining the experimental capability of creating quantum correlations with the controlled‐phase operations on the IBM Quantum Experience and Amazon Braket Rigetti superconducting quantum computers. The results show that the method provides a useful diagnostic tool for evaluating the primitive operations of nonclassical correlation creation in noisy intermediate scale quantum devices.
Violation of Bell Inequality by Four‐Photon Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger State with a Phase from a Warm Atomic Ensemble
Authors: Park Jiho , Ryu Junghee , Kim Heonoh , Moon Han Seb 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state with a phase is crucial for realizing desired multipartite quantum states for practical applications. Here, it is reported that the violations of the general Bell inequality (GBI) introduced in using the four‐photon polarization‐entangled phase‐GHZ state realized via intrinsic polarization correlation and collective two‐photon coherence in the 5S1/2–5P3/2–5D5/2 transition of 87Rb atoms. The phase‐GHZ state can be achieved by the unitary transformation of only one local phase of the four photons. Theoretically, the GHZ state with the π/4 phase affords maximal violation of the GBI of 2√2 at the local measurement settings of the Pauli operators σx and σy. Strong violations of the GBI of the phase‐GHZ state by 47 standard deviations are experimentally demonstrated. In addition to the entanglement witness for the phase‐GHZ state, the results represent a genuine four‐photon entanglement of the phase‐GHZ state, thereby providing a novel resource for realizing photonic quantum computation, magic‐state distillation from entangled states, and quantum networks based on atom–photon interactions.
Using grit and self‐efficacy as performance predictors for at‐risk students in higher education
Authors: Faust Luke E. , Rosendale Joseph A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis mixed methods study examined the impact of grit and self‐efficacy and the factors of these constructs on the performance of at‐risk, developmental placement students, surveying 184 first‐year students before the midterm point of their first semester. Following the quantitative portion, six upperclassmen, who had started their careers in the developmental placement category, were interviewed. The research question explored was: How do grit and academic self‐efficacy relate as grade point average performance predictors for students in developmental placement categories with higher and lower levels of each factor? Findings uncovered a significant relationship between grit and performance, self‐efficacy and performance, grit and self‐efficacy and performance, and demographic information and performance. The discussion of these findings offers a roadmap for exploring the impact of non‐cognitive concepts on educational performance.
Context and implicationsRationale for this studyHigher education placement and admissions are beginning to include noncognitive constructs that aid in the prediction of student success. While some previous self‐efficacy studies have been conducted on students identified as being at‐risk, there is limited research on understanding grit within similar student populations.Why the new findings matterWith college admission less selective than it was in the past, universities have even less understanding of which students will be successful. This study determined that behaviours consistent with constructs of grit and self‐efficacy have an impact on student performance, particularly for those considered at‐risk. These findings may provide colleges and universities insight on how to identify, nurture and develop skills that contribute to student success as measured by grade point average.Implications for practitionersOutcomes and findings associated with this research will be of interest to many educational stakeholder and implications. Aside from the direct benefits for students, the administrators, curriculum committees and faculty in higher education will be able to use the findings of this study to better identify what skills are truly essential for student success. Developmental educators, in particular, may find the data useful in understanding how to help their students thrive.
Investigation of an efficient method of oocyte retrieval by dual stimulation for patients with cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroki , Maezawa Tadashi , Hagiwara Katsuyuki , Horage Yuki , Hanada Tetsuro , Haipeng Huang , Sakamoto Mito , Nishioka Mikiko , Takayama Erina , Terada Kento , Kondo Eiji , Takai Yasushi , Suzuki Nao , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo examine the optimal timing of second ovarian stimulation using the dual stimulation method for good ovarian responders with cancer undergoing oocyte retrieval for fertility preservation.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 69 patients with cancer who underwent oocyte retrieval for fertility preservation at four Japanese institutions during 2010–2021. Twenty‐two patients underwent two oocyte retrievals for fertility preservation. We studied the relationship between the initial number of oocytes retrieved via dual stimulation and risk of ovarian enlargement as well as the appropriate waiting interval between the end of the first ovarian stimulation and beginning of the second ovarian stimulation.ResultsThe risk of ovarian enlargement was high when the initial number of oocytes retrieved via dual stimulation was ≥5. An 8‐day waiting interval may be more effective for performing a second ovarian stimulation oocyte retrieval in these cases, although the difference was not significant.ConclusionsThis study provides one policy for effectively managing ovarian enlargement and timing of second ovarian stimulation during oocyte retrieval via the dual stimulation method for patients with cancer undergoing fertility preservation. If more facilities implement this procedure, more oocytes may be obtained in a short period for fertility preservation purposes.
Spatial‐temporal security stability analysis and regulation against different types of attacks on industrial control systems
Authors: Feng Zhaowen , Cao Guoyan , Grigoriadis Karolos M. , Pan Quan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, reaction‐diffusion phenomena are considered in the security risk modeling of industrial control networks represented in the spatial‐temporal domain. Different types of cyber‐physical attacks, including TDS (time delay switch), FDI (false data injection), and DoS (denial of service), are modeled within a comprehensive parameteric‐varying parabolic partial differential state‐space structure. A theorem is proposed to ensure that the system is asymptotically stable with prescribed performance, which guarantees stability regardless of the various types of attacks. Finally, corresponding examples of risk control design against the different threats on industrial control networks are simulated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results proposed in this article.