bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nondestructive observation of the surrounding powder in the vicinity of polymer laser-sintered specimens for understanding orange peel formation
Authors: Kobayashi Ryuichi , Yang Ming 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Orange peel formation remains to be understood clearly because it is difficult to directly observe a laser-sintered process in a partcake. Therefore, this study aims to provide insight into the orange peel formation mechanism through the nondestructive observation of laser-sintered specimens and their surrounding powders.

Design/methodology/approach
This study observed polyamide 12 powder in the vicinity of a laser-sintered specimen via X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning. The specimen for nondestructive observation was 3D modeled in a hollow box using 3D CAD software. The boxes built using a laser-sintering system contained unsintered surrounding powder and sintered specimens. The box contents were preserved even after the boxes were removed from the partcake. After X-ray CT scanning, the authors broke the boxes and evaluated the unevenness formed on the specimen surface (i.e. the orange peel evaluation).

Findings
Voids (not those in sintered parts) generated in the powder in the vicinity of the specimen triggered the orange peel formation. Voids were less likely to form in the build with a 178.5° powder bed than in the build with a 173.5° powder bed. Similarly, the increment in laser energy density effectively suppressed void formation, although there was a tradeoff with overmelting. Thin-walled parts avoided void growth and made the orange peel less noticeable.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to observe and understand the relationship between voids generated in the powder in the vicinity of sintered parts and orange peel formation.
Treatment for taxane‐resistant cutaneous angiosarcoma: A multicenter study of 50 Japanese cases
Authors: Fujimura Taku , Maekawa Takeo , Kato Hiroshi , Ito Takamichi , Matsushita Shigeto , Yoshino Koji , Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Ishizuki Shoichiro , Segawa Kojiro , Yamamoto Jun , Hashimoto Akira , Kambayashi Yumi , Asano Yoshihide 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare and highly aggressive type of vascular tumor. Although chemoradiotherapy with taxanes is recognized as a first‐line therapy for CAS, second‐line therapy for CAS remains controversial. From the above findings, the efficacy and safety profiles of taxane‐switch (change paclitaxel to docetaxel or vise), eribulin methylate, and pazopanib regimens in second‐line chemotherapy were evaluated retrospectively in 50 Japanese taxane‐resistant CAS patients. Although there was no significant difference in progression‐free survival (P = 0.3528) among the regimens, the incidence of all adverse events (AEs) (P = 0.0386), as well as severe G3 or more AEs (P = 0.0477) was significantly higher in the eribulin methylate group and pazopanib group than in the taxane‐switch group. The present data suggest that switching to another taxane should be considered for the treatment of taxane‐resistant CAS in second‐line therapy based on the safety profiles.
Unveiling the liaison between human capital, trade openness, and environmental sustainability for BRICS economies: Robust panel‐data estimation
Authors: Haseeb Abdul , Xia Enjun , Saud Shah , Usman Muhammad , Quddoos Muhammad Umer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal warming and greenhouse gas emissions pose severe threats to environmental sustainability. A sustainable environment is a prerequisite for long‐term socioeconomic growth and human survival. Green technology is brought about by a country's economic and financial openness, and education provides knowledge to the public and labor, contributing to environmental sustainability. Thus, this research aims to unveil the liaison between human capital, trade openness, and environmental quality for Russia, Brazil, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries from 1998 to 2018. Several econometric methods, including the Driscoll–Kraay standard errors and the Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality approaches, reveal long‐run and causal relationships among the modelled indicators. The Driscoll–Kraay standard error results show that human capital is negatively related to carbon dioxide emissions (CO2 emissions). Imposing high tariffs and excise duties, changing tax structures, discouraging the inflow of polluted commodities, and encouraging green trade can help BRICS combat high environmental pollution. The results show that a one‐point increase in human capital in models 1 and 2 can reduce CO2 emissions by 1.5279 and 0.1538 points, respectively. In contrast, a 1% growth in trade can lead to a rise in CO2 emissions of 0.3731% and 0.2384%, respectively. Similarly, financial development and energy consumption result in high CO2 emissions in the long run. Moreover, a feedback effect of the human capital index on CO2 emissions is discovered. As a result of the findings, the government and responsible authorities should provide financial support and encourage investments in the region's energy‐resourceful and sustainable green projects.
A meta‐analytic review of the frequency and patterning of laryngohyoid and cervical fractures in cases of suicide by hanging
Authors: Wilson Rachel , McFadden Clare , Rowbotham Samantha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe frequency and distribution of fractures are commonly utilized to assist in interpreting the manner of death. In cases of alleged suicide by hanging, however, the evidence base for the frequency and patterning of laryngohyoid and cervical vertebrae fractures resulting from such blunt force traumatic events is limited and so fractures cannot be reliably used to assist in interpreting the manner. Using meta‐analytic techniques, this study aimed to estimate frequency and distribution of fractures in the context of relevant intrinsic and extrinsic variables. A systematic review of the literature identified 20 studies with relevant data (8523 cases of suicide by hanging). Meta‐analyses identified the frequency and distribution of fractures present and how fracture frequency was affected by the subgroups of age, sex, completeness of suspension, ligature knot position and study design. Results indicated that fracture frequency was variable, there was no unique patterning, and high levels of heterogeneity were present in all variable sub‐groups. Age was the only subgroup to show differences. Findings suggest that neck fracture frequency is inconsistent and cannot be predicted by the chosen variables. Subsequently, neck fractures in isolation should not be given weight in medico‐legal interpretations of a hanging death as suicidal.
Solving the delivery of Lactococcus lactis: Improved survival and storage stability through the bioencapsulation with different carriers
Authors: Dusso Diego , Salomon Claudio J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProbiotics are live microorganisms that confer beneficial effects on the health of the host if administered in adequate amounts (106 CFU viable microorganisms/g of food). As the most frequent route of administration of these microorganisms is oral, the number of them that remains viable through the gastrointestinal tract decreases substantially. Thus, in this research work, we developed a series of alginate‐based microparticles using different adjuvants such as methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, chitosan, carbopol, β‐cyclodextrin, starch, carrageenan, and Eudragit® RS 100 as carriers for improving the survival of Lactococcus lactis. The alginate‐based formulations exhibited very good drug encapsulation efficiency, up to 90%. Release studies from selected microparticles revealed that almost 100% of bacteria were in solution at 30 min. By scanning electron microscopy, irregular nonporous particles with a size between 200 and 500 µm were seen. In particular, microparticles formulated with alginate–carboxymethylcellulose and alginate–methylcellulose exhibited the best protection for the bacterial cells against both simulated gastric juice and simulated intestinal juice. In addition, those microparticulate systems were able to maintain the viability of the encapsulated bacteria in large numbers for at least 24 weeks. Thus, the present study confirmed that these alginate‐based microparticles are a valuable approach for keeping the viability and storage stability of L. lactis.
Montelukast as a treatment for refractory cutaneous lupus: A case series
Authors: Rocha Francisco Airton Castro , da Silva Guilherme Ferreira Maciel , Nogueira Igor Albuquerque , Nunes Rodolfo de Melo , Martins Conceição da Silva 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere are no drugs specifically approved to treat cutaneous lupus. Inflammatory cells in lupus skin lesions can produce leukotrienes (LT), which promote tissue damage. In addition to hypersensitivity reactions, LT are also associated with cardiovascular diseases and elevated serum LT levels have been linked to worse atherosclerotic disease in lupus. Targeting LT could thus be an alternative to treat lupus. We present 4 cases of cutaneous lupus successfully treated with montelukast (MLK), a Cys‐LT antagonist.MethodsFour consecutive female systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with refractory skin lesions were treated with MLK (10 mg/d) in the Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio of the Universidade Federal do Ceará. Skin lesions were scored using Revised Cutaneous LE Disease Area and Severity Index (RCLASI). Relative expression of the 5‐lipoxigenase (ALOX5) and 15‐lipoxigenase (ALOX15) genes was determined in peripheral blood cells (PBC) from lupus patients and 4 age‐matched female controls.ResultsAll patients experienced improvement of skin lesions measured using RCLASI scores within 2–12 weeks following initiation of MLK. The response was sustained for at least 3 months follow‐up and no adverse events were recorded. ALOX5 but not ALOX15 gene expression was significantly (P = 0.0425) increased in PBC from SLE patients vs controls.ConclusionThis is the first report of a fast and sustained successful response of cutaneous lupus to MLK. Given its acceptable safety profile, our data encourage development of a randomized trial as an attempt to reposition MLK as a safe, affordable alternative to treat cutaneous lupus.
Immune‐related adverse events in hepatitis treated with thiopurine‐based immunosuppressants: A case report
Authors: Kawakado Keita , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Tobita Hiroshi , Nagase Mamiko , Yoshihara Ken , Horie Mika , Hamaguchi Megumi , Okimoto Tamio , Tsubata Yukari , Isobe Takeshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn 82‐year‐old man was treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Although he was previously treated with prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) for immune‐related adverse event (irAE) hepatitis by a previous doctor, he still had worsening liver function and was transferred to our hospital. Blood tests and imaging findings were negative for autoimmune and infectious hepatitis, and liver biopsy results were consistent with irAE hepatitis. Steroid pulse therapy improved liver function, but tapering to prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) again worsened his liver function. Concomitant use of mycophenolate mofetil was initiated, but no improvement in liver function was observed, therefore azathioprine, a thiopurine immunosuppressant, was administered in combination with steroids. During the course of treatment, hepatic dysfunction due to azathioprine was suspected, and the concomitant use of mercaptopurine and prednisolone was started. Afterward, the liver function improved, and the prednisolone dose was gradually reduced to 10 mg/day. This is a rare case in which a thiopurine‐based immunosuppressant was effective against irAE hepatitis, therefore thiopurine‐based immunosuppressants may be effective against steroid‐refractory hepatitis.
Ted's Teas: A Two‐Part Accounting and Audit “Crossover Case”*
Authors: Taylor Samantha , Riddle Poppy , Crowell Tammy , Bullock Ana , Chisholm Kyla 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis fictional case is based on a real specialty tea company in Nova Scotia. Ted's Teas is a two‐part crossover case that illustrates the integration of financial accounting and audit learning outcomes applied to real‐world scenarios. In Part 1, students assume the role of an internal accountant and apply knowledge of the Chartered Professional Accountants (CPA) of Canada's CPA Way to identify how to treat leases, changes in policy, and estimates as part of accounting knowledge under both Accounting Standards for Private Enterprises and IFRS frameworks. In Part 2, students “cross over” and change roles, so they are now external auditors for Ted's Teas, tasked to provide an analysis of risk of material misstatement, recommend an audit approach, and develop substantive procedures. This two‐part case presents opportunities for students to demonstrate technical competence in multiple areas, either separately in two different courses or combined in one “capstone” or case course. The case and teaching notes, including the marking rubrics, were adapted from principles used to train and evaluate CPA Professional Education Program candidates, tailored to an appropriate level for undergraduate and graduate learners.
Psychiatric comorbidity in patients with pediatric bipolar disorder – A systematic review
Authors: Fahrendorff Anne Mette , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Kessing Lars Vedel , Maigaard Katrine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests that pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) frequently co‐occurs with comorbid psychiatric disorders that may impact functioning.ObjectiveTo review existing literature on the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity and general functioning in patients with a primary diagnosis of PBD.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search on the PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo databases on November 16th, 2022. We included original papers on patients ≤18 years with primary PBD and any comorbid psychiatric disorder, diagnosed according to a validated diagnostic tool. Risk of bias of the individual studies was assessed using the STROBE checklist. We calculated weighted means to assess the comorbidity prevalence. The review complied with PRISMA statement guidelines.ResultsTwenty studies with a total study population of 2722 patients with PBD were included (mean age = 12.2 years). We found an overall high prevalence of comorbidity in patients with PBD. The most common comorbidities were attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (60%) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (47%). Anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, conduct disorder, tic disorders and substance‐related disorders affected between 13.2% and 29% of patients, while one in 10 had comorbid mental retardation or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The prevalence of comorbid disorders was lower in studies that assessed the current prevalence in patients in full or partial remission. General functioning was overall not specifically decreased in patients with comorbidity.ConclusionsComorbidity across a broad range of disorders was high in children diagnosed with PBD, especially regarding ADHD, ASD, behavioral and anxiety disorders including OCD. Future original studies should assess current prevalence of comorbidities in patients with PBD who are in remission to obtain more reliable estimates of psychiatric comorbidity in this patient group. The review highlights the clinical and scientific importance of comorbidity in PBD.
Association of gut microbiome dysbiosis with the progression of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review
Authors: Rashid Sarim , Noor Tayyiba Ahmed , Saeed Hamayle , Ali Asma Sabir , Meheshwari Govinda , Mehmood Asad , Fatima Laveeza , Zaidi Syed Muhammad Jawad , Malik Jahanzeb , Mehmoodi Amin , Hayat Azmat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveMany clinical and preclinical studies have implicated an association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and its progression to imbalances in the gut microbiome composition. The gut microbiome is a diverse and complex ecosystem containing billions of microorganisms that produce biologically active metabolites influencing the host disease development.MethodsFor this review, a literature search was conducted using digital databases to systematically identify the studies reporting the association of gut microbiota with AF progression.ResultsIn a total of 14 studies, 2479 patients were recruited for the final analysis. More than half (n = 8) of the studies reported alterations in alpha diversity in atrial fibrillation. As for the beta diversity, 10 studies showed significant alterations. Almost all studies that assessed gut microbiota alterations reported major taxa associated with atrial fibrillation. Most studies focused on short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), whereas three studies evaluated TMAO levels in the blood, which is the breakdown product of dietary l‐carnitine, choline, and lecithin. Moreover, an independent cohort study assessed the relationship between phenylacetylglutamine (PAGIn) and AF.ConclusionIntestinal dysbiosis is a modifiable risk factor that might provide newer treatment strategies for AF prevention. Well‐designed research and prospective randomized interventional studies are required to target the gut dysbiotic mechanisms and determine the gut dysbiotic‐AF relationship.
Cesarean birth rates among migrants in Europe: A systematic review
Authors: Cadman Victoria , Soltani Hora , Spencer Rachael , Marvin‐Dowle Katie , Harrop Deborah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCesarean birth (CB) rates have increased over recent years with concerns over differences between these rates in migrant communities compared with the rates among women in their receiving country. This review aimed at summarizing the available literature regarding the incidence of CB among migrants in Europe.MethodsA systematic search of four electronic databases was carried out, including CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Maternity and Infant Care. Identified studies were screened and their quality assessed. Meta‐analysis was undertaken using Rev Man 5.4 where sufficient data were available. Otherwise, data were synthesized narratively.ResultsFrom the 435 records identified in searches, 21 papers were included. Analysis shows that overall CB rates were significantly lower for Syrian refugee women compared with women in their receiving country (Turkey) and higher for Iranian migrants than women in their host country. Emergency CB rates were significantly higher for migrant women from “Sub Saharan Africa” and the “South East Asia, Asia and Pacific” region than rates in the receiving country. Statistical significance was not found between other populations.ConclusionsThis review highlights differences between CB rates in certain migrant groups in comparison with women native to their host country, which merits further investigation for potential explanations. We also identified a need to standardize definitions and population groupings to enable more meaningful analysis. This review also highlights a substantial lack of data on CB rates between different population groups that could negatively impact the provision of care.
Informed consent in episiotomy: Co‐analysis with midwives and distillation of best practice
Authors: MacLellan Jennifer , Webb Sara S. , Byrne Carmen , Brace Emily , Glyn‐Jones Elizabeth , Edwards Elizabeth , Hunter Tracey , Longton Jacqueline , Cleary Jane , Christie Katie , Dow Lorna , Gould Jo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerforming an episiotomy where clinically indicated is a key intervention in the Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury Care Bundle (OASI‐CB) implemented across England and Wales to reduce the risk and increase the detection of severe perineal trauma after birth. Standards of consent provided to people in maternity care generally and for episiotomy specifically have been reported as suboptimal. Compromising birthing people's personal autonomy or sense of control has been linked to a dissatisfying birth experience, negative psychological sequelae, and litigation.MethodsThis study explored experienced midwives' practice of informed consent for episiotomy during a midwife‐led birth. We sampled 43 midwives across eight NHS Trusts in England and Wales using online focus groups and telephone interviews about their experience of consent in episiotomy. Using qualitative content analysis and art‐based co‐analysis methods with eight midwives from across the research sites, we co‐analyzed and co‐constructed three themes and four practice recommendations from the data.ResultsThree themes were constructed from the data: Assent rather than consent, Change in culture to support best practice, and Standardized information. These themes informed the shaping of four recommendations for best practice in episiotomy informed consent.ConclusionThis study has shown how variations in midwifery practice and culture may impact birthing people's experience of informed consent in episiotomy. Midwives may not have the knowledge or skills to conduct a detailed consent conversation, leading to variation in practice and messages for birthing people. The use of antenatal discussion aids can offer women the opportunity to become informed and fully participate in the decision‐making process.
Talking about the experiences of racism: A study of reporting racism in broadcast interviews
Authors: Xie Yarong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examines how experiences of racism are talked about during broadcast interviews. Inspired by discursive‐psychological and conversation‐analytic investigations on experience in interactions, this study approaches experience as a ‘loose term’ and as a participant's issue in the unfolding sequence of talks. The analysis documents a range of interactional moments wherein experiences are invoked and negotiated over the course of reporting racism in the interviews. The findings align with the existing discursive‐psychological and conversation‐analytic research on experiences, and provide further evidence on how speakers jointly orient to and manage the issues of who knows and owns an experience, and has the premier authority to claim an experience, in relation to reporting racism. The analysis unveils the intricacy of inquiring and talking about a victim's experience of racism. People's (use of) common sense understanding of the detrimental nature of racism is met and complicated by an orientation to our unlevelled access to an experience of racism, which is a category‐based societal problem.
Wassersplines for Neural Vector Field‐Controlled Animation
Authors: Zhang P. , Smirnov D. , Solomon J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuch of computer‐generated animation is created by manipulating meshes with rigs. While this approach works well for animating articulated objects like animals, it has limited flexibility for animating less structured free‐form objects. We introduce Wassersplines, a novel trajectory inference method for animating unstructured densities based on recent advances in continuous normalizing flows and optimal transport. The key idea is to train a neurally‐parameterized velocity field that represents the motion between keyframes. Trajectories are then computed by advecting keyframes through the velocity field. We solve an additional Wasserstein barycenter interpolation problem to guarantee strict adherence to keyframes. Our tool can stylize trajectories through a variety of PDE‐based regularizers to create different visual effects. We demonstrate our tool on various keyframe interpolation problems to produce temporally‐coherent animations without meshing or rigging.