bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 in hospitalized adult patients with sickle cell disease: A 2020 US cohort using Cerner Real-World Data™ (CRWD)
Authors: Guarino Stephanie Howe , Williams Kimberly D. , Caplan Richard J. , Fawcett Mitch , Lanzkron Sophie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We used Cerner Real-World Data™, representing hospital admission records from 2020, to examine patients with co-occurring sickle cell disease and COVID-19 by discharge disposition grouped as death/hospice versus transfers to other facilities, returned home, or left against medical advice. Among the death/hospice group, we found older age and higher rates of congestive heart failure and diabetes. There were also significant differences in tachypnea, mechanical ventilation, minimum O2 saturation, and length of stay with higher rates in the death/hospice group. Awareness of such factors and associated mortality risks for this population may aid in patient care.
Association between dairy products consumption and the prevalences of combined prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazilian adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Medina Marcela , Cureau Felipe Vogt , Schaan Beatriz D. , Leotti Vanessa Bielefeldt , Rosa Priscila Bárbara Zanini , Pereira Mark A. , Drehmer Michele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe association between dairy products consumption in adults and the likelihood of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been described, but more information on the adolescent population is needed. This nationally representative, cross-sectional school-based study aimed to describe the consumption of dairy products and their subtypes and to evaluate their association with prediabetes and T2DM in adolescents. The Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) includes adolescents aged 12–17 years. Dairy products consumption was evaluated by 24-h food recall. Associations with fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin resistance, as measured by homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were evaluated by multivariate linear regression. Poisson regression was also used to assess the association between dairy products consumption and the combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic, nutritional, behavioural and anthropometrics. The final sample analysed consisted of 35 614 adolescents. Total intake of dairy products was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose levels after adjusting for all covariates (β = −0·452, 95 % CI −0·899, −0·005). The associations were stronger for overweight and obese adolescents. Findings were similar for full-fat dairy products and yogurt. Higher consumption of low-fat dairy products and cheese were associated with a 46 % (prevalence ratio, PR 1·46, 95 % CI 1·18, 1·80) and 33 % (PR 1·33, 95 % CI 1·14, 1·57) higher combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM, respectively. The total consumption of dairy products and full-fat dairy products was associated with a lower combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM, while the consumption of cheese and low-fat dairy products was associated with higher combined prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM in Brazilian adolescents.
Débats sur la laïcité et sentiment d'appartenance chez les immigrants racisés au Québec : Mieux comprendre l'impact des « événements focalisateurs »
Authors: Bilodeau Antoine , Turgeon Luc 
Published: June 2023

RésuméCertaines études suggèrent que le projet de Charte des valeurs du PQ et la loi 21 ont nourri un sentiment d'exclusion chez les membres des religions minoritaires. Cependant, aucune étude ne permet à ce jour de comparer le sentiment d'appartenance des minorités religieuses avant et après la mise à l'agenda de ces projets législatifs. Ancrée dans la recherche sur les « événements focalisateurs » et reposant sur des données de trois sondages réalisés en 2012, 2014 et 2019, notre étude examine l'impact des débats sur laïcité sur le sentiment d'appartenance des immigrants racisés au Québec. Nos résultats démontrent qu'un déficit d'appartenance au Québec par rapport au Canada existait déjà en 2012, mais qu'il était circonscrit à certains groupes, notamment ceux de dénominations non chrétiennes et les non francophones. Nos analyses montrent aussi qu'avec les débats sur la laïcité, le déficit d'appartenance au Québec s'est étendu aux minorités non religieuses et aux francophones.
Development and dynamics of a novel couple-constrained parallel wrist with three measuring force flexible fingers
Authors: Lu Yang , Chang Zefeng , Lu Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA novel couple-constrained parallel wrist with three measuring force flexible fingers is designed for grabbing heavy objects and measuring grabbed forces. Its prototype is developed, its dynamics model is established, and its grabbing forces are measured. First, using the extended formulas of the skew-symmetric matrix, the kinematic formulas are derived for solving the Jacobian/Hessian matrices and the general velocity/acceleration of the moving links in the couple-constrained parallel wrist. Second, a dynamics model is established for solving the dynamic actuation forces, the couple-constrained forces, and the torque in the couple-constrained parallel wrist. Third, the theoretical solutions of the kinematics/dynamics of the couple-constrained parallel wrist are verified using a simulation mechanism. Finally, the grabbing forces of the three flexible fingers are measured and analyzed.
What if we have too many models of worry and GAD? – ADDENDUM
Authors: Freeston Mark H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and Aims:It is almost 40 years since Borkovec et al. (1983) provided the definition of worry that has guided theory, research and treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). This review first considers the relative paucity of research but the proliferation of models. It then considers nine models from 1994 to 2021 with the aim of understanding why so many models have been developed.Methods and Results:By extracting and coding the components of the models, it is possible to identify similarities and differences between them. While there are a number of unique features, the results indicate a high degree of similarity or overlap between models. The question of why we have so many models is considered in relation to the nature of GAD. Next, the treatment outcome literature is considered based on recent meta-analyses. This leads to the conclusion that while efficacy is established, the outcomes for the field as a whole leave room for improvement. While there may be scope to improve outcomes with existing treatments, it is argued that rather than continue in the same direction, an alternative is to simplify models and so simplify treatments.Discussion:Several approaches are considered that could lead to simplification of models resulting in simpler or single-strand treatments targeting specific processes. A requirement for these approaches is the development of brief assessments of key processes from different models. Finally, it is suggested that better outcomes at the group level may eventually be achieved by narrower treatments that target specific processes relevant to the individual.
Impact of Surface Roughness Changes on Surface Wind Speed Over Western Europe: A Study With the Regional Climate Model RACMO
Authors: Luu Linh N. , van Meijgaard Erik , Philip Sjoukje Y. , Kew Sarah F. , de Baar Jouke H. S. , Stepek Andrew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe temporal trend of wind speed near the surface over land has been investigated over recent decades. A prevailing trend of decline was found in several studies for most areas in the Northern hemisphere, denoted as terrestrial stilling, with multiple causes being discussed. In this study, we focus on the impact of changes of surface roughness due to changes in land‐use and vegetation cover on this variable for western Europe using the regional climate model RACMO driven by ERA5 reanalysis. We conduct two simulations at climate scale, with and without changes in land‐use and vegetation on a yearly basis. We find that upper level large‐scale circulation slowing down results in declining near surface mean wind speed, and that increases in surface roughness due to changes in land use and vegetation cover play an important role in intensifying this declining trend from our simulations with RACMO. However, the trends inferred from the model simulations and ERA5 are not consistent with trends derived from gridded observations database E‐OBS. This could come from the complexity of integrating in‐situ measurements with uncorrectable inhomogeneity to derive E‐OBS.
Inferring the Mean Thickness of the Outer Ice Shell of Enceladus From Diurnal Crustal Deformation
Authors: Berne Alexander , Simons Mark , Keane James Tuttle , Park Ryan S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe thickness of the outer ice shell plays an important role in several geodynamical processes at ocean worlds. Here, we show that observations of tidally driven diurnal surface displacements can constrain the mean ice shell thickness, . Such estimates are sensitive to any significant structural features that break spherical symmetry such as faults and lateral variation in ice shell thickness and structure. We develop a finite‐element model of Enceladus to calculate diurnal tidal displacements for a range of values in the presence of such structural heterogeneities. Consistent with results from prior studies, we find that the presence of variations in ice shell thickness can significantly amplify deformation in thinned regions. If major faults are also activated by tidal forcing—such as Tiger Stripes on Enceladus—their characteristic surface displacement patterns could easily be measured using modern geodetic methods. Within the family of Enceladus models explored, estimates of that assume spherical symmetry a priori can deviate from the true value by as much as ∼41% when structural heterogeneities are present. Additionally, we show that crustal heterogeneities near the South Pole produce differences of up to 35% between Love numbers evaluated at different spherical harmonic orders. A ∼41% range in estimates of from Love numbers is smaller than that found with approaches relying on static gravity and topography (∼250%) or analyzing diurnal libration amplitudes (∼85%) to infer at Enceladus. As such, we find that analysis of diurnal tidal deformation is a relatively robust approach to inferring mean crustal thickness.
Time Series of Electrical Conductivity Fluctuations Give Insights Into Long‐Term Solute Transport Dynamics of an Urban Stream
Authors: Jaeger Anna , Schaper Jonas L. , Romeijn Paul , Betterle Andrea , Posselt Malte , Krause Stefan , Lewandowski Jörg , Riml Joakim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArtificial tracers are often used for quantitative estimates of solute transport properties in rivers. However, single‐injection tracer tests give insights in transport characteristics limited to the ecohydrological conditions at the testing time. Series of time‐consuming and laborious tracer tests would be required to properly capture seasonal changes. The present study uses intrinsic diurnal fluctuations of electrical conductivity (EC) caused by discharge of treated wastewater as a tracer to evaluate solute transport processes along a 4.7‐km reach of the River Erpe, Germany. By reproducing the fluctuations recorded along the river using the solute transport model one‐dimensional transport with inflow and storage, this study investigated the long‐term dynamics in solute transport properties. Individual 48‐hr curves of EC were used in the steady state configuration of the model to gain 48‐hr‐integrated estimates of selected transport parameters. Using a sliding window approach in 1‐hr steps along the 2,270‐hr time series of EC the temporal variability of solute transport between April and June 2016 was assessed. To test the identifiability of parameters using the proposed method, sensitivity analyses and a breakthrough curve analysis of selected 48‐hr windows were implemented. With time advancing into the summer, a significant rising trend (Mann‐Kendall test p‐value < 0.05) of the cross sectional area of the channel was observed and attributed to the growth of macrophytes and a significant slightly decreasing trend for the storage rate was found. The presented method is of high value for river management, as promoting transient storage enhances biogeochemical cycling and benefits water quality.
Pesticide exposure and the microbiota-gut-brain axis
Authors: Matsuzaki Rie , Gunnigle Eoin , Geissen Violette , Clarke Gerard , Nagpal Jatin , Cryan John F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The gut microbiota exist within a dynamic ecosystem shaped by various factors that includes exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides. It is widely regarded that the gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining host health, including a major influence on the brain and behaviour. Given the widespread use of pesticides in modern agriculture practices, it is important to assess the long-term collateral effects these xenobiotic exposures have on gut microbiota composition and function. Indeed, exposure studies using animal models have shown that pesticides can induce negative impacts on the host gut microbiota, physiology and health. In tandem, there is a growing body of literature showing that the effects of pesticide exposure can be extended to the manifestation of behavioural impairments in the host. With the increasing appreciation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, in this review we assess whether pesticide-induced changes in gut microbiota composition profiles and functions could be driving these behavioural alterations. Currently, the diversity of pesticide type, exposure dose and variation in experimental designs hinders direct comparisons of studies presented. Although many insights presented, the mechanistic connection between the gut microbiota and behavioural changes remains insufficiently explored. Future experiments should therefore focus on causal mechanisms to examine the gut microbiota as the mediator of the behavioural impairments observed in the host following pesticide exposure.
Single-cell transcriptome dataset of human and mouse in vitro adipogenesis models
Authors: Li Jiehan , Jin Christopher , Gustafsson Stefan , Rao Abhiram , Wabitsch Martin , Park Chong Y. , Quertermous Thomas , Knowles Joshua W. , Bielczyk-Maczynska Ewa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdipogenesis is a process in which fat-specific progenitor cells (preadipocytes) differentiate into adipocytes that carry out the key metabolic functions of the adipose tissue, including glucose uptake, energy storage, and adipokine secretion. Several cell lines are routinely used to study the molecular regulation of adipogenesis, in particular the immortalized mouse 3T3-L1 line and the primary human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) line. However, the cell-to-cell variability of transcriptional changes prior to and during adipogenesis in these models is not well understood. Here, we present a single-cell RNA-Sequencing (scRNA-Seq) dataset collected before and during adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 and SGBS cells. To minimize the effects of experimental variation, we mixed 3T3-L1 and SGBS cells and used computational analysis to demultiplex transcriptomes of mouse and human cells. In both models, adipogenesis results in the appearance of three cell clusters, corresponding to preadipocytes, early and mature adipocytes. These data provide a groundwork for comparative studies on these widely used in vitro models of human and mouse adipogenesis, and on cell-to-cell variability during this process.
Hepatitis A seroprevalence, vaccination status and demographic determinants in children and adolescents in Germany, 2014–2017, a population-based study
Authors: Enkelmann Julia , Kuhnert Ronny , Stark Klaus , Faber Mirko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChildren play an important role in hepatitis A virus (HAV) transmission but, due to frequent asymptomatic or mild courses, these infections are underrecognized in routine surveillance. Here, we analyzed hepatitis A (HA) seroprevalence, vaccination status and demographic determinants and estimated previous HAV infections in a cross-sectional population-based study of children and adolescents with residence in Germany 2014–2017, performing weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Of 3567 participants aged 3–17 years, serological results were available for 3013 (84.5%), vaccination records for 3214 (90.1%) and both for 2721 (76.3%). Of 2721 with complete results, 467 (17.2%) were seropositive, thereof 412 (15.1%) with and 55 (2.0%) without previous HA vaccination, indicating previous HAV infection. Seropositivity was associated with age, residence in Eastern states, high socioeconomic status and migration background with personal migration experience. Participants with migration background and personal migration experience also had the highest odds ratios for previous HAV infection. Germany remains a country with very low HA endemicity. The current vaccination recommendations focusing on individuals with a high risk for HAV exposure (e.g. travelers to endemic countries) or severe disease appear appropriate. Migration and travel patterns as well as the endemicity in other countries influence the domestic situation, warranting further monitoring.
Measuring the relationships between various urban green spaces and local climate zones
Authors: Kirschner Vlaďka , Macků Karel , Moravec David , Maňas Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUrban green spaces (UGS) improve living conditions in cities by mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect. While the cooling effect of UGS seems unequivocal, the relationship between the types of UGS and types of residential areas has not yet been well explored. In this study, we systematically analysed the cooling effect of 71 UGS in Prague, a central European city, on residential areas within 400 m of the UGS. The UGS are classified according to their spatial characteristics (size, shape, and tree density), and the residential areas according to three Local Climate Zones (LCZ 2, 5, 6) typical for European cities. The cooling effect is evaluated using a regression model of the Land Surface Temperature (LST) in residential zones according to the LCZ type and distance from the various UGS. The results show that compact UGS of 10–25 ha with dense trees have the most pronounced cooling effect. This type of UGS was associated with a mean decrease in LST within 400 m of 2.3 °C compared to the least effective UGS type (long with sparse trees) across LCZs. The results of the presented study can be applied in urban planning and urban design to improve microclimates in cities.
The effect of hospital-based health promotion on the health practices of full-time hospital nurses: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Hung-Hui , Lai Jerry Cheng-Yen , Chiou Shu-Ti , Huang Nicole , Chien Li-Yin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany studies have reported positive contributions of health promotion on the health behavior of nursing staff working in hospitals, including the maintenance of a regular healthy diet, engagement in physical activity, performance of routine screening practices, and participation in a health examination. Despite being considered a role model for healthy lifestyles, little is known about the effect of health-promoting hospital settings on nursing staff. The aim of this study was to perform a nationwide, hospital-based, cross-sectional, survey comparing health practices between full-time nurses of health-promoting hospitals and those of non-health-promoting hospitals in Taiwan. We conducted a nationwide, hospital-based, cross-sectional, survey in 100 hospitals from May to July 2011 using a questionnaire as the measurement tool. Nurses aged between 18 and 65 years from certified health-promoting hospitals (n = 14,769) were compared with nurses in non-health-promoting hospitals (n = 11,242). A multiple logistic regression model was conducted to estimate the effect of certified HPH status on the likelihood of performing health behavior, receiving general physical examination, undergoing cancer screening, and participating in hospital-based health-promoting activities. All nurses of HPH hospitals were more likely to perform physical activity, practice cancer screening, receive at least one general physical examination in the past 3 years, and had a higher chance of participating in at least one hospital-based health-promoting activity in the past year (particularly weight-control groups and sports-related clubs) than those of non-HPH hospitals. This study suggests the effectiveness of implementing health promotion on the health behavior of full-time nursing staff in hospitals.
Exploration of KIR genes and hematological-related diseases in Chinese Han population
Authors: Li Ye-Mo , Li Yu-Xia , Hu Xiao-Zhuang , Li Dai-Yang , An Lin , Yuan Zhi-Yang , Liu Zhong-Liang , Du Ke-Ming , Zheng Zhong-Zheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe function of natural killer (NK) cells has previously been implicated in hematopoietic-related diseases. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) play an important role in NK cells after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To explore the immunogenetic predisposition of hematological-related diseases, herein, a multi-center retrospective study in China was conducted, analyzing and comparing 2519 patients with hematopathy (mainly, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome) to 18,108 individuals without known pathology. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction with specific sequence primers (PCR-SSP). As a result, we discovered four genes including KIR2DL5 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.93; Pc = 0.0405), 2DS1 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.93; Pc = 0.0405), 2DS3 (OR: 0.58, 95% CI 0.41–0.81; Pc = 0.0180), and 3DS1 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.94; Pc = 0.0405) to be protective factors that significantly reduce the risk of aplastic anemia. Our findings offer new approaches to immunotherapy for hematological-related diseases. As these therapies mature, they are promising to be used alone or in combination with current treatments to help to make blood disorders a manageable disease.
Using DUCK-Net for polyp image segmentation
Authors: Dumitru Razvan-Gabriel , Peteleaza Darius , Craciun Catalin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel supervised convolutional neural network architecture, “DUCK-Net”, capable of effectively learning and generalizing from small amounts of medical images to perform accurate segmentation tasks. Our model utilizes an encoder-decoder structure with a residual downsampling mechanism and a custom convolutional block to capture and process image information at multiple resolutions in the encoder segment. We employ data augmentation techniques to enrich the training set, thus increasing our model's performance. While our architecture is versatile and applicable to various segmentation tasks, in this study, we demonstrate its capabilities specifically for polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images. We evaluate the performance of our method on several popular benchmark datasets for polyp segmentation, Kvasir-SEG, CVC-ClinicDB, CVC-ColonDB, and ETIS-LARIBPOLYPDB showing that it achieves state-of-the-art results in terms of mean Dice coefficient, Jaccard index, Precision, Recall, and Accuracy. Our approach demonstrates strong generalization capabilities, achieving excellent performance even with limited training data.