bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Screening for Sacral Agenesis in Pregestational Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gajagowni Saivaroon , Mazuru Dana , Hegstrom Jessica , Vachharajani Akshaya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Offspring of diabetic mothers have a higher incidence of birth defects. One such defect is sacral agenesis. It is a rare developmental abnormality consisting of the absence of part or all of the sacrum. Offspring of mothers with PGDM have a higher risk of sacral agenesis compared to offspring of mothers with no diabetes. Despite this, there are currently no guidelines to routinely screen offspring of diabetic mothers for sacral agenesis. Research has shown that early intervention for sacral agenesis decreases the risk for future urinary and musculoskeletal complications and thus improves overall prognosis.
Objective
Determine the utility of prospective spinal ultrasound in infants of mothers with PGDM for the diagnosis of sacral agenesis.
Methods
This prospective observational pilot study was completed at Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Columbia, Missouri between May 1, 2020 and December 30, 2022. Infants born to mothers with PGDM and with normal spinal examinations were included. A total of 22 mother-infant dyads were enrolled in the study and prospectively screened with spinal ultrasound. The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier-NCT05033275).
Results
Twenty-two spinal ultrasounds were performed over the course of this study with three (14%) resulting in abnormal findings that required further imaging. Follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging found one case of tethered cord syndrome.
Conclusion
Prospective screening in infants of mothers with PGDM found no cases of sacral agenesis but did identify tethered cord syndrome. This finding suggests that risk stratified screening of mothers with diabetes might be a reasonable approach to care.
Shade Selection for Natural Tooth Color Replication on Porcelain Laminate Veneers
Authors: Cunha Leonardo Fernandes da , Schelbauer Ricardo Susin , Costa Helton , Tabata Lucas Fernando , de Mello Daniella Birnbaum Pessoa , Kunz Patrícia Valeria Manozzo , Baratto-Filho Flares , Madalena Isabela Ribeiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction: The final color of dental ceramics depends on different factors such as light source, substrate, and selected material (thickness, contour, and texture).
Objective: to report a clinical case in which a predictable protocol is used to optimize the final color of porcelain laminate veneers
Case report: A male patient attended the dental clinic dissatisfied with the composite resin restorations made on his upper anterior teeth. After anamnesis and clinical examination, it was suggested that the resin restorations be replaced by laminated porcelain veneers. A diagnostic wax-up was performed. The mock-up was also used to evaluate the aesthetic length for replicating the details of the incisal edge and the shape and size of the embrasures. The shade was selected before composite resin removal to avoid dehydration of the dental substrate. A photograph was taken to guide the selection of colors in different thirds. After removing the restorations, another photograph was taken to evaluate the color of the substrate. The impression was taken with 000 retractor wire and addition silicone. The laminates were made with pressed ceramic and feldspathic porcelain veneers were subsequently applied by layering the layers of dentin, incisal edge and enamel based on the waxing diagnosis. After approval by the patient, a conventional cementation technique was performed. The occlusal adjustment was made with rubber polishing cups and the anterior and lateral guides were checked.
Conclusion: The protocol recommended for successful selection of the color of a porcelain laminate relies on the combination of knowledge of concepts, resources such as shade guides, spectrophotometers, and photographs, and porcelain application and characterization techniques performed by the technician and luting techniques by the dentist.
Timing of antibiotic administration determines the spread of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance during microbial range expansion
Authors: Ma Yinyin , Ramoneda Josep , Johnson David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plasmids are the main vector by which antibiotic resistance (AR) is transferred between bacterial cells within surface-associated communities. In this study, we ask whether there is an optimal time to administer antibiotics to minimize plasmid spread in new bacterial genotypes during community expansion across surfaces. We addressed this question using consortia of two Pseudomonas stutzeri strains, where one is an AR-encoding plasmid donor and the other a potential recipient. We allowed the strains to co-expand across a surface and administered antibiotics at different times. We found that plasmid transfer and transconjugant proliferation have unimodal relationships with the timing of antibiotic administration, where they reach maxima at intermediate times. These unimodal relationships result from the interplay between the probabilities of plasmid transfer and loss. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the transfer and proliferation of AR-encoding plasmids within microbial communities and identifies the timing of antibiotic administration as an important determinant.
Biologically informed NeuralODEs for genome-wide regulatory dynamics
Authors: Hossain Intekhab , Fanfani Viola , Quackenbush John , Burkholz Rebekka 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Models that are formulated as ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can accurately explain temporal gene expression patterns and promise to yield new insights into important cellular processes, disease progression, and intervention design. Learning such ODEs is challenging, since we want to predict the evolution of gene expression in a way that accurately encodes the causal gene-regulatory network (GRN) governing the dynamics and the nonlinear functional relationships between genes. Most widely used ODE estimation methods either impose too many parametric restrictions or are not guided by meaningful biological insights, both of which impedes scalability and/or explainability. To overcome these limitations, we developed PHOENIX, a modeling framework based on neural ordinary differential equations (NeuralODEs) and Hill-Langmuir kinetics, that can flexibly incorporate prior domain knowledge and biological constraints to promote sparse, biologically interpretable representations of ODEs. We test accuracy of PHOENIX in a series of in silico experiments benchmarking it against several currently used tools for ODE estimation. We also demonstrate PHOENIX's flexibility by studying oscillating expression data from synchronized yeast cells and assess its scalability by modelling genome-scale breast cancer expression for samples ordered in pseudotime. Finally, we show how the combination of user-defined prior knowledge and functional forms from systems biology allows PHOENIX to encode key properties of the underlying GRN, and subsequently predict expression patterns in a biologically explainable way.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with hypertension and prehypertension among Tibetans in China：A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Gesang Pingcuo , Hu Yilin , Shao Longfei , Wan Yang , Xiong Hai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Hypertension and prehypertension are poorly understood in the Tibetan population in China. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypertension and prehypertension among Tibetans.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 4300 residents aged 18–80 in Tibet between June 2020 and October 2021. Information was collected from questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory measurements. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine the association of various risk factors with hypertension and prehypertension.
Results
The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was 28.0% and 32.2%, respectively. Results showed that men, age, middle school education or higher, herdsmen, overweight, obesity, high triglycerides, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia were risk factors for hypertension, while daily physical exercise was a protective factor. Men, age, overweight, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia were risk factors for prehypertension, and middle school education was a protective factor.
Conclusion
This study emphasizes the importance of the prevention, control, and education of chronic diseases, such as hypertension. Additionally, residents should maintain a balanced diet, eat more fruits and vegetables, quit smoking, limit drinking, increase physical exercise, control weight, and limit the intake of high salt and high-fat foods to promote a healthy lifestyle and reduce the incidence of hypertension.
Constraints on the origin of the Martian dichotomy from the Southern Highlands marsquakes
Authors: Sun Weijia , Tkalcic Hrvoje 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Martian hemispheric dichotomy presents a prominent elevation and crustal thickness contrast between the Northern Lowlands and Southern Highlands. The origin of dichotomy remains controversial, with several competing hypotheses proposed. However, analysis of InSight marsquakes offers the way forward. Here, we improve the signal-to-noise ratios and determine the locations of all significant low-frequency marsquakes. We find a new cluster of marsquakes in Terra Cimmeria of Southern Highlands, apart from those located previously in Cerberus Fossae of Northern Lowlands. We estimate the attenuation quality factor Q in the range 481–543 for Terra Cimmeria, which is considerably smaller than Q > 800 determined for Cerberus Fossae. We infer that a smaller Q might be linked to the warmer mantle and more vigorous convection beneath the Southern Highlands. These in situ seismological observations accompany the geochemical analysis of Martian meteorites supporting the “endogenic” hypothesis that mantle convection causes the crustal dichotomy.
Teaser
The analysis of the newly discovered marsquakes in Southern Highlands supports mantle convection as the main cause of Martian dichotomy.
RAB18 confers protection to lipid droplets from lysolipophagy and counters cellular steatosis
Authors: Rieck Adrian , Guenther Georgia , Hengstler Jan , Vartak Nachiket 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) enlargement is the most conspicuous cellular phenotype of steatotic liver diseases such as NAFLD and NASH. The small GTPase RAB18 localizes to lipid droplets yet its effects on LD dynamics are unknown. We show that RAB18 localizes to LDs dynamically via the acylation cycle in an activity dependent manner. Removal of RAB18 from LDs through acylation cycle inhibition of RNAi-mediated downregulation leads to an increase in LD size, that can be prevented by inhibition of autophagy. We propose a model where RAB18 on LDs decreases the susceptibility of LDs to autophagy by lysosomes, allowing them to exist longer in cells and enabling an even distribution of exogenous lipid load. In the absence of RAB18, fewer LDs survive autophagic removal, and enlarge disproportionately as they absorb the incumbent exogenous lipid load on cells – leading to cellular steatosis. Inhibition of autophagy prevented cellular steatosis in primary human hepatocytes. Finally, mice treated with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine were resistant to the development of liver steatosis when on a steatogenic diet. The modulation of RAB18 activity and autophagy inhibition represents a promising approach to prevent steatotic liver disease in the clinical setting.
Mathematical Modeling of Dog Rabies Transmission Dynamics Using Optimal Control Analysis
Authors: Hailemichael Demsis Dejene , Edessa Geremew Kenassa , Koya Purnachandra Rao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An ideal control method for the dynamics of dog rabies transmission is provided in this study. Given the nature of the disease and the fact that contact behavior varies, we divided the infected compartment into prodromal and furious compartments in the current updated model, which is an extension of the previous SEIR model. Vaccination and culling are two disease-controlling strategies used in the current model, and their effects are examined. It is possible to compute the basic reproduction number using the next-generation matrix. We study the stability, sensitivity analysis, endemic equilibrium, disease-free equilibrium, and stability of the optimal control model. According to the numerical simulation, which utilizes approximations for parameter values, the most efficient strategy to prevent the spread of rabies is a combination of vaccination and the culling of infected dogs. Using ode45 from MATLAB, this numerical simulation investigation was carried out. According to our research, the annual dog birth rate is a factor that influences the incidence of rabies. The state equations, adjoint equations, and the optimal condition that sets the controls in accordance with Pontryagin's Maximum/Minimum principle can all be used to construct the optimal control system. The body of the article contains the findings and discussions in an ordered manner.
Theoretical Aspects and Design of a Numerical Model for Friction Tapered Hydro-pillar Processing of Aisi4140 Steel
Authors: Zyl C van , Lombard H , Hattingh D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper considers the theoretical aspects required for the development of a coupled two-dimensional axi-symmetrical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and heat transfer model for the Friction Taper Hydro-Pillar Process (FTHPP). The model applies the plasticised material movement during welding as the laminar, viscous flow of a non-Newtonian fluid, while making use of a dynamic mesh to simulate the continuous deformation of plasticised material at the friction interface. The plastic material flows through a stationary discretized flow domain not requiring a moving mesh, resulting in the Eulerian CFD approach being effective - this CFD material flow model thus avoids the requirement for re-meshing. The material properties are entered via a viscosity function used to describe the flow stress, locally dependent on material strain rate and temperature. A non-linear multiphysics problem exists as the frictional and viscous heating act as heat sources. The simulation model applies an iterative approach for coupling the plastic deformation flow analysis with the thermal analysis. Strain rate and temperature distribution of the welding material mutually affect each other, as the flow stress is temperature-dependent and the plastic work (adiabatic shear) performed during the process generates heat, in addition to heat added by friction. Isotropic temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties are required and thus incorporated into the model. A successfully coupled simulation is presented with the thermal response analysis delivering the temperature distribution through the weld for which process temperature and subsequent hardness plots are drafted. Measurements obtained from experimental welds show favourable comparison, validating computed values. The presented work attempt to show how comprehensive numerical modelling, carried out through computer simulation, can assist in the analysis of the identified process characteristics during FTHPP
Comparison of the diagnostic utility of CHOKAI, STONE and STONE PLUS scores in predicting ureteral stones larger than 5mm
Authors: TATLIPARMAK Ali Cankut , YILMAZ Sarper , AK Rohat , HÖK Nihat Müjdat 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CHOKAI, STONE and STONE plus scores in detecting ureteral stones larger than 5 mm. This comparative diagnostic accuracy study was performed in a tertiary care emergency department (ED) and included consecutive patients who presented to the ED with flank pain and underwent ultrasonography and CT over a 1-year period. The performance of these scoring scales in detecting >5 mm ureteral stones was determined by area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) comparison. Ureteral stones were detected in 270 (70.3%) of 384 patients included in the study. While 146 patients (54.1%) had <5mm ureteral stones, 124 patients (54.1%) had stones of 5mm or more in size. The performance of the CHOKAI score in predicting ureteral stones (AUROC 0.903 [95% CI 0.869-0.931]) was superior to the STONE PLUS score (AUROC 0. 879 [95% CI 0.842-0.910]) (p<0.001); STONE PLUS score was also superior to STONE score (AUROC 0.767 [95% CI 0.722-0.809]) (p<0.001). STONE score did not show a statistically significant difference between large and small stone groups (p=0.064). Analysis of the diagnostic value of CHOKAI score (AUROC 0.731 [95% CI 0.684-0.775]) and STONE PLUS scores (AUROC 0.725 [95% CI 0.678-0.769]) in predicting >5 mm stones showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.59). CHOKAI and STONE PLUS scores are useful in predicting >5 mm ureteral stones and have similar diagnostic utility to each other. STONE score does not provide accurate diagnostic information about ureteral stones larger than 5 millimeters.
Immune response of fasted calves to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.
Authors: D'Offay J. M. , Rosenquist B. D. 
Published: March 2023

Seventeen calves (Angus, Hereford, and Angus-Hereford crosses) weighing 120-200 kg, were starved for 3 days and inoculated intranasally with a strain of IBR virus after 1 day or 3 days of food deprivation. Although clinical signs of disease were mild in all calves, the signs appeared more severe than those reported by others using the same strain of virus possibly due in part to the use of intranasal inoculation by aerosol vs instillation. Neutralizing antibody response after virus inoculation did not differ beween groups. Of the 17 calves, 16 developed significant increases (seroconversion of 4-fold increase in titre) in IBR serum antibodies. Serum neutralizing antibodies in 3 calves at inoculation did not prevent them from excreting substantial amounts of virus for ? 5 days after virus inoculation. Lymphocytes from fasted and nonfasted calves had similar (essentially negative) blast transformation responses, except 1 fasted seropositive calf (sensitised animal) that had a high stimulation index. Some dehydration was observed in fasted calves, indicated by significant increase in haematocrit. In only 1 group did serum cortisol levels rise significantly, mean values peaking at the end of fasting at the time of inoculation; thereafter, mean values tended to decline. Although the 3-day fast significantly affected some serum and blood components, it did not adversely affect the immune response of calves. One fasted calf developed a significant cell mediated immune response to inactivated IBR virus during infection. It is concluded that acute nutritional deprivation may not necessarily increase the susceptibility of calves to viral infections nor adversely affect their immune response after vaccination.
This report represents a portion of a dissertation submitted by the senior author to the graduate faculty of the University of Missouri in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD degree.
The authors thank Gary Krause and Mark Ellersieck for aid in statistical analysis and Gerald Buening for help in lymphocyte transformation tests.
Preliminary report on a laminitis-like condition occurring in bulls under feeding trials
Authors: Greenough Paul R. , Gacek Zbigniew 
Published: March 2023

Each year over three hundred bulls enter the Saskatoon Feed testing station and each year about forty percent of the group meet the standards set for food conversion, back fat thickness and testicular circumference. Of these successful bulls up to twenty five percent are rejected by “evaluators” on the basis of unsound conformation. In October of 1985 we were asked to evaluate the ‘’feet and legs” of bulls undergoing feeding trials.
Our assignment, therefore, was to define, in objective terms the reasons for the culling.
Because it had been suggested that poor limb and hoof conformation was likely to be an important consideration our initial efforts were directed towards developing a system for measuring the conformation of the bulls under trial.
Feed additives for beef cattle
Authors: Wagner John J. 
Published: March 2023

New products have complicated cattle feeding and management. A multitude of feed additives are available to add to cattle rations. These compounds generally do not supply essential nutrients to the cattle. Instead, they are designed to increase growth rate and/or improve the efficiency .of growth through manipulating rumen fermentation or through controlling liver abscesses, digestive disorders, bloat, coccidiosis, and other conditions.
One point of confusion for many is at what point of inclusion does a nutritional supplement become a feed additive. Nutrient supplements are fed to supply essential nutrition. Once this level is grossly exceeded, the product is no longer a supplement and should be classified as an additive. Feeding levels of trace minerals or vitamins that exceed levels necessary to compensate for unavoidable low intakes is considered an extra label use by FDA. and is therefore illegal.
Feed additives can be generally divided into six broad categories: 1) ionophores, 2) antibiotics, 3) coccidiostats, 4) estrus suppressants, 5) buffers, and 6) others. Each feed additive has its own properties, recommended level offeeding, and label clearances. A thorough understanding of these characteristics is necessary to achieve optimum response and maximum cost effectiveness.
The objective of this paper is to provide a basis for understanding the use and limitations offeed additives. Nonnutritive additives as well as vitamins and minerals are discussed in this paper.
Using Virtual Exchange to Foster Global Competence and Collaborative Leadership in Teacher Education
Authors: Lin Ching-Ching 
Published: March 2023

Virtual exchange is a technology enhanced educational platform that makes it possible to connect classrooms and educators across geographic borders. Often also referred to as ‘telecollaboration’ and other variation, virtual exchange offers educators opportunities to collaborate with other teacher educators cross culturally in their efforts to engage a classroom of diverse leaners. Around the globe, educators seek to combine virtual exchange and innovative pedagogy to transform classrooms into dynamic places to teach and learn. Despite the positive comments that have been reaped on the pedagogical potential of virtual exchange programs, virtual exchange has not been successfully mainstreamed into formal curriculum and made into a staple of educational practices in p-12 schools. Consequently, few studies exist to explore the implications of incorporating virtual exchange into formal learning settings where the curriculum is in dire need for instructional innovation in order to move education into the 21st century.
This paper presents a study in which virtual exchange is used as an authentic context to expand TESOL teacher candidates’ teaching and collaborative repertoire. TESOL teacher candidates worked in pair, taking turns between facilitating students in cross interaction and chronicling fieldnotes on student engagement. Candidates’ reflective journals and student interviews are used to collect data for this study. Practices and challenges in incorporating virtual exchange into the standards aligned classroom were explored and discussed.