bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food selectivity and neophobia in children with autism spectrum disorder and neurotypical development: a systematic review
Authors: Rodrigues João Victor S , Poli Maria Clara F , Petrilli Pedro H , Dornelles Rita Cássia M , Turcio Karina H , Theodoro Leticia H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Context
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have common eating problems, including food refusal, dietary restrictions, and behavioral problems during eating.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to find more clear evidence on the relationship between food selectivity or food neophobia (FN) and ASD in children up to age 14 years. The PECO-based question was: Are food selectivity and FN behaviors more prevalent in children with ASD than in children with neurotypical development (NTD)?, in which the P is children, E is ASD, C is children with NTD, and O is food selectivity and FN.

Data sources
Clinical studies in the databases PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, comparing children with ASD and those with NTD, were reviewed from October 1966 to October 2021.

Study selection and data extraction
A total of 122 studies were analyzed for summary reading, and only 17 of these were included in the descriptive qualitative analysis. In 9 studies, the analysis of food selectivity was performed via a questionnaire.

Results
The results showed that children with ASD are more selective than those with NTD. Four studies evaluated FN through scales; however, only 2 found higher levels of FN in the ASD group than in children with NTD. The sensory profile was measured using questionnaires in 9 studies, and we found that altered sensory processing is more common in children with ASD.

Conclusion
Children with ASD present greater food selectivity than children with NTD. However, the occurrence of FN was higher in only 50% in which FN was investigated, which points to a need for studies that compare FN between siblings with ASD and those with NTD in the same family nucleus. In addition, atypical oral sensitivity seems to be a sensory characteristic most related to eating disorders.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021247880.
Antibody Correlates of Protection From Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease in a Vaccine Efficacy Trial
Authors: Fong Youyi , Huang Ying , Borate Bhavesh , van der Laan Lars W P , Zhang Wenbo , Carpp Lindsay N , Cho Iksung , Glenn Greg , Fries Louis , Gottardo Raphael , Gilbert Peter B 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause serious lung infections in young children and there is currently no available vaccine.

Methods
We used complementary statistical frameworks to analyze 4 RSV serology measurements in mothers and their infants in South Africa who participated in a phase 3 maternal immunization trial of an RSV F protein nanoparticle vaccine as correlates of risk and of protection against different RSV disease endpoints.

Results
We found evidence to support each antibody measurement—encompassing RSV-neutralizing antibodies and F surface glycoprotein-binding antibodies—as an inverse correlate of risk of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection with severe hypoxia in at least 1 framework, with vaccine-induced fold-rise from the maternal enrollment to day 14 samples of anti-F immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding antibodies having the most consistent evidence. This evidence includes a significant association of fold-rise anti-F IgG with vaccine efficacy (VE); achieving a baseline covariate-adjusted VE of 75% requires a vaccine-induced maternal anti-F IgG fold-rise of around 16. Neither multivariable logistic regression nor superlearning analyses showed benefit to including multiple time points or assays in the same model, suggesting a parsimonious correlate. Post hoc exploratory analyses supported adherence of vaccine-induced maternal anti-F IgG fold-rise to the Prentice criteria for a valid surrogate endpoint.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the vaccine induced protective anti-F antibody responses. If this finding is confirmed, VE could potentially be augmented by increasing these responses.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Early Syphilis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Australia, 2013–2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Aung Ei T , Fairley Christopher K , Ong Jason J , Chen Marcus Y , Phillips Tiffany R , Tran Julien , Samra Ranjit , Chow Eric P F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
We aimed to examine the incidence of syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM) and identify subgroups of MSM at a higher risk of syphilis infection.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of MSM attending a sexual health clinic in Australia, during 2013–2019, who had at least 2 syphilis serological tests during the study period. The incidence of syphilis was expressed as per 100 person-years. A cox regression analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for syphilis.

Results
A total of 24 391 individual MSM (75 086 consultations) were included. A total of 1404 new syphilis cases were diagnosed with an incidence of 3.7/100 person-years (95% confidence interval, 3.5–3.9). Syphilis incidence was higher in MSM with human immunodeficiency virus ([HIV] 9.3/100 person-years) than in MSM taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (6.9/100 person-years) or HIV-negative MSM not taking PrEP (2.2/100 person-years). Risk factors associated with high incidence of syphilis included the following: MSM with HIV (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.7), MSM taking HIV PrEP (aHR 2.1), past history of syphilis infection (aHR 2.4), injecting drug use (aHR 2.7), condomless anal sex (aHR 1.7), &gt;4 sexual partners in the last 12 months (aHR 1.2), and concurrent sexually transmitted infection (chlamydia and gonorrhoea) (aHR 1.6).

Conclusions
The incidence of syphilis remains high among MSM, particularly in subgroups with associated risk factors for syphilis infections. These data highlight the need for biomedical and behavioral interventions to be targeted to subgroups of MSM at the highest risk of syphilis infection.
Two saturated states of the vertical shear instability in protoplanetary disks with vertically varying cooling times
Authors: Fukuhara Yuya , Okuzumi Satoshi , Ono Tomohiro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Turbulence in protoplanetary disks plays an important role in dust evolution and planetesimal formation. The vertical shear instability (VSI) is one of the candidate hydrodynamic mechanisms that can generate turbulence in the outer disk regions. The VSI requires rapid gas cooling in addition to vertical shear. A linear stability analysis suggests that the VSI may not operate around the midplane where gas cooling is inefficient. In this study, we investigate the nonlinear outcome of the VSI in disks with a linearly VSI-stable midplane region. We perform two-dimensional global hydrodynamical simulations of an axisymmetric disk with vertically varying cooling times. The vertical cooling time profile determines the thicknesses of the linearly VSI-stable midplane layer and unstable layers above and below the midplane. We find that the thickness of the midplane stable layer determines the vertical structure of VSI-driven turbulence in the nonlinear saturated state. We identify two types of final saturated state: (i) T states, characterized by vertical turbulent motion penetrating into the VSI-stable midplane layer, and (ii) pT states, characterized by turbulent motion confined in the unstable layers. The pT states are realized when the midplane VSI-stable layer is thicker than two gas scale heights. We also find that the VSI-driven turbulence is largely suppressed at all heights when the VSI-unstable region lying above and below the midplane is thinner than two gas scale heights. We present empirical formulas that predict the strength of VSI-driven turbulence as a function of the thicknesses of the unstable and stable layers. These formulas will be useful for studying how VSI-driven turbulence and dust grains controlling the disk cooling efficiency evolve simultaneously.
The Refugee’s Dilemma: Evidence from Jewish Migration out of Nazi Germany
Authors: Buggle Johannes , Mayer Thierry , Sakalli Seyhun Orcan , Thoenig Mathias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe estimate the push and pull factors involved in the outmigration of Jews facing persecution in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1941. Our empirical investigation makes use of a unique individual-level data set that records the migration history of the Jewish community in Germany over the period. Our analysis highlights new channels, specific to violent contexts, through which social networks affect the decision to flee. We estimate a structural model of migration where individuals base their migration decision on the observation of persecution and migration among their peers. Identification rests on exogenous variations in local push and pull factors across peers who live in different cities of residence. Then we perform various experiments of counterfactual history to quantify how migration restrictions in destination countries affected the fate of Jews. For example, removing work restrictions for refugees in the recipient countries after the Nuremberg Laws (1935) would have led to an increase in Jewish migration out of Germany in the range of 12% to 20% and a reduction in mortality due to prevented deportations in the range of 6% to 10%.
On the Smallest Number of Functions Representing Isotropic Functions of Scalars, Vectors and Tensors
Authors: Shariff M H B M 
Published: January 2023

Summary
In this article, we prove that for isotropic functions that depend on $P$ vectors, $N$ symmetric tensors and $M$ non-symmetric tensors (a) the minimal number of irreducible invariants for a scalar-valued isotropic function is $3P+9M+6N-3,$ (b) the minimal number of irreducible vectors for a vector-valued isotropic function is $3$ and (c) the minimal number of irreducible tensors for a tensor-valued isotropic function is at most $9$. The minimal irreducible numbers given in (a), (b) and (c) are, in general, much lower than the irreducible numbers obtained in the literature. This significant reduction in the numbers of irreducible isotropic functions has the potential to substantially reduce modelling complexity.
Fiber diameters and parallel patterns: proliferation and osteogenesis of stem cells
Authors: Gu Zhanghong , Fan Suna , Kundu Subhas C , Yao Xiang , Zhang Yaopeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Due to the innate extracellular matrix mimicking features, fibrous materials exhibited great application potential in biomedicine. In developing excellent fibrous biomaterial, it is essential to reveal the corresponding inherent fiber features’ effects on cell behaviors. Due to the inevitable ‘interference’ cell adhesions to the background or between adjacent fibers, it is difficult to precisely reveal the inherent fiber diameter effect on cell behaviors by using a traditional fiber mat. A single-layer and parallel-arranged polycaprolactone fiber pattern platform with an excellent non-fouling background is designed and constructed herein. In this unique material platform, the ‘interference’ cell adhesions through interspace between fibers to the environment could be effectively ruled out by the non-fouling background. The ‘interference’ cell adhesions between adjacent fibers could also be excluded from the sparsely arranged (SA) fiber patterns. The influence of fiber diameter on stem cell behaviors is precisely and comprehensively investigated based on eliminating the undesired ‘interference’ cell adhesions in a controllable way. On the SA fiber patterns, small diameter fiber (SA-D1, D1 means 1 μm in diameter) may seriously restrict cell proliferation and osteogenesis when compared to the middle (SA-D8) and large (SA-D56) ones and SA-D8 shows the optimal osteogenesis enhancement effect. At the same time, the cells present similar proliferation ability and even the highest osteogenic ability on the densely arranged (DA) fiber patterns with small diameter fiber (DA-D1) when compared to the middle (DA-D8) and large (DA-D56) ones. The ‘interference’ cell adhesion between adjacent fibers under dense fiber arrangement may be the main reason for inducing these different cell behavior trends along with fiber diameters. Related results and comparisons have illustrated the effects of fiber diameter on stem cell behaviors more precisely and objectively, thus providing valuable reference and guidance for developing effective fibrous biomaterials.
STOMp: sexual function trial of overactive bladder medication
Authors: Polland Allison , Hamner Jennifer Joy , Arunachalam Divya , Dwarica Denicia Shane , Gupta Ankita , Pennycuff Jon F , Tran Ann D , Tefera Eshetu , Meriwether Kate V , Gutman Robert E 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundFemale sexual function has been shown to improve with overactive bladder (OAB) treatment.AimThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of anticholinergics (ACHs) or a beta-agonist (BAG) on female sexual function.MethodsThis was a prospective multicenter cohort study. Sexually active women with OAB completed the Overactive Bladder questionnaire (OAB-q) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) prior to and after 12 weeks of therapy. Sample sizes of 63 per group were calculated to detect a clinically relevant difference in the FSFI.OutcomesThe primary outcome was FSFI change from baseline at 12 weeks.ResultsA total of 157 patients were recruited, and 91 completed follow-up (58/108, ACH; 31/49, BAG). There were within-group FSFI differences from pre- to posttreatment: a worsening of arousal in the ACH group (P = .046) and an improvement in overall FSFI (P = .04) and pain (P = .04) in the BAG group. After treatment, postmenopausal women in the BAG group had significantly better overall FSFI (P = .01), desire (P = .003), arousal (P = .009), and orgasm (P = .01).Clinical ImplicationsWhile further research is necessary, this study provides information about the comparative effects of OAB treatments on female sexual function, which may ultimately lead to better patient selection and outcomes.Strengths and LimitationsWhile there was no difference between the subjects who completed the study and those who did not, the study remained underpowered after the loss to follow-up. The multicenter cohort design allows for generalizability of results.ConclusionAlthough this study was underpowered, an improvement in overall sexual function was seen with BAGs, while ACHs were associated with worsening aspects of sexual function.
Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the PROMIS Sexual Function and Satisfaction Measures in clinical and nonclinical young adult populations
Authors: Hovén Emma , Flynn Kathryn E , Weinfurt Kevin P , Eriksson Lars E , Wettergren Lena 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Sexual Function and Satisfaction (SexFS) version 2.0 measurement tool was developed to assess sexual functioning and satisfaction in the general population regardless of health condition and sexual orientation.AimThe study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the PROMIS SexFS measure in clinical and nonclinical populations of young adults (aged &lt;40 years).MethodsThe SexFS was answered by a clinical population of young adult women (n = 180) and men (n = 110) with breast cancer and testicular cancer, respectively, and a nonclinical population of young adult women (n = 511) and men (n = 324) from the general population. Psychometric properties were evaluated by examining data quality (score distribution, floor and ceiling effects, proportion of missing data), construct validity (corrected item, total correlation, scaling success), and reliability (Cronbach α).OutcomesThe following domains of the SexFS 2.0 were investigated: Vaginal Lubrication, Vaginal Discomfort, Vulvar Discomfort- Clitoral, Vulvar Discomfort- Labial, Erectile Function, Interest in Sexual Activity, Satisfaction With Sex Life, Orgasm– Ability, and Orgasm- Pleasure.ResultsThe Swedish version of the SexFS 2.0 generated data of acceptable quality. Some noteworthy floor or ceiling effects were identified across domains and respondent groups. Corrected item totals were used to express the coherence between an item and the other items in the domain. The correlation coefficients were above 0.40 for all items, except for 1 of the items within the Vaginal Discomfort domain and for the items in the Erectile Function domain in the nonclinical group of men. High proportions of scaling success were noted across domains (96%-100%). Reliability was satisfactory (α = 0.74-0.92) for all domains, expect for Erectile Function of the nonclinical group (α = 0.53), due to low variability in item responses, which was improved somewhat (α = 0.65) when combined with the clinical group.Clinical ImplicationsA flexible tool to measure self-reported sexual function and satisfaction in young men and women is available for researchers and clinicians in Sweden.Strengths and LimitationsThe nationwide population-based sample of patients with cancer, identified from national quality registers, minimized selection bias. However, men in the general population had a lower response rate (34%) compared to the other groups, which introduced a risk of bias in estimates. The psychometric evaluation was limited to young adults (aged 19-40 years).ConclusionThe results provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the SexFS measure for the assessment of sexual functioning and satisfaction in young adults from both clinical and nonclinical populations.
Legal Gaps: Concept, Content, Problems of the Role of Legal Doctrine in Overcoming them
Authors: Kostruba Anatoliy , Haliantych Mykola , Iskra Svitlana , Dryshliuk Andrii 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The presented article considers the essence and content of the most common defect in legal science—“legal gaps”. This study presents various scientific approaches to the definition of legal gaps. Considering various scientific approaches, the authors of this study formulated their original version of this concept considering its absence from the theory of penitentiary law. The study analyses the main conceptual approaches to the problem of the progressiveness of law in the historical context. The main features of legal gaps are named to become able to distinguish them from conflicts of law. The authors outlined a set of features indicating the presence of a legislative gap in a particular case and provided a scientifically sound classification of gaps. The article also focused on the main types of legal gaps. In addition, the authors addressed the presence of legal gaps in Ukrainian legislation. The originality of this study lies in the formulation of new theoretical conclusions and generalizations that will help identify, eliminate, and overcome gaps in civil procedural law.
Is it time for doctors to Rx vibrators? A systematic review of pelvic floor outcomes
Authors: Dubinskaya Alexandra , Horwitz Rainey , Scott Victoria , Anger Jennifer , Eilber Karyn 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Vibrators and similar devices are an underutilized treatment modality in pelvic and sexual medicine, likely because of the limited knowledge on the health benefits of their use.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to review available data regarding the effect of vibrator use on sexual function, pelvic floor function, and chronic unexplained vulvar pain.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature review of PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE from inception to March 2021 per the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). The search was based on the following keywords: sex toy woman, pelvic vibrator, sexual stimulation vibrator, vaginal vibrator, vibrator pelvic floor, vibrator incontinence, and vulvar pain vibrator. An overall 586 articles were identified. Studies that met inclusion criteria were reviewed: original research, sample of women, vibrator use, and application to the pelvic/genital area. Exclusion criteria included case reports, unrelated content, vibrator not applied to the pelvic/genital area, male participants, or conditions of interest not addressed. A total of 17 original studies met the criteria and were reviewed in depth.

Results
After review of the literature and identification of articles appropriate for the study, there were 8 studies surrounding sexual function, 8 on pelvic floor function (muscle strength/urinary incontinence), and 1 on vulvar pain. Among the identified studies, vibrators were considered an accepted modality to enhance a woman’s sexual experience, improve pelvic floor muscle function, and facilitate treatment of vulvar pain.

Conclusions
Vibrators are not well studied, and given the promising benefits demonstrated in the articles identified, future research efforts should be directed toward investigating their utility. Considering the potential pelvic health benefits of vibrators, their recommendation to women could be included in our pelvic floor disorder treatment armamentarium.
PL-2: TOWARD PRECISION MEDICINE OF METABOLIC DISEASES BASED ON GENETIC ANCESTRY
Authors: Imura Hiroo 
Published: January 2023

Most of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension are becoming serious health problems in not only developed but also developing countries. To achieve precision medicine for these diseases, numerous genetic studies including genome-wide association studies have been performed that produced important information for understanding genetic bases of these disorders, but are difficult to use in daily practice. One practical way is to better understand differences of diseases in different races or with different genetic ancestries.
For example, obesity is far less common in East Asians, but more common in Pacific Islanders.
Most of other races are in between. Clinical pictures of diabetes mellitus are also different. Importance of understanding these differences in daily practice and their genetic background will be discussed.