bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Verhältnis von Partizipation und Raum in stationären Altenhilfeeinrichtungen
Authors: Bleck Christian , Höppner Grit 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Partizipation hat in der Gerontologie, Altenhilfepolitik und -praxis seit einigen Jahren Konjunktur. Dabei spielt das Verhältnis von Partizipation und Raum in der Diskussion um Quartiersorientierung eine Rolle. Wenig berücksichtigt werden bisher Zusammenhänge zwischen Partizipation und Raum innerhalb stationärer Altenhilfeeinrichtungen.

Material und Methoden
Qualitative Daten aus 2 Studien zur stationären Altenhilfe werden sekundäranalytisch im Sinne einer „supra-analysis“ mittels der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse hinsichtlich Partizipation in Bezug auf Raum und Raum in Bezug auf Partizipation untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Fast alle Stufen der berücksichtigten Partizipationsleiter sind hinsichtlich der Mitgestaltung von Räumen zu finden, wobei Bewohner:innen mit Demenz weniger Partizipationsmöglichkeiten eingeräumt werden. Zudem können Räume durch ihre Anordnung Voraussetzungen für Partizipation schaffen. Wechselseitige Bezüge verdichten sich in Prozessen der Raumaneignung, Raumgestaltung und Raumplanung. Fehlen hierfür Zugänge, ist eine selbstbestimmte Alltagsgestaltung eingeschränkt.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse tragen zu einer raumbezogenen Weiterentwicklung von Partizipationskonzepten bei, denn sie zeigen, in welchen räumlichen Zusammenhängen Partizipation in institutionellen Settings im Zusammenspiel unterschiedlicher Akteure hergestellt wird, und wie sie raumbezogen spezifisch verteilt ist. Zur Förderung von Partizipation in Einrichtungen ist eine Reflexion zu vorhandenen Möglichkeiten zur Raumaneignung, -gestaltung und -planung vor dem Hintergrund institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen bedeutend.
Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke versus next-generation tobacco and nicotine product extracts on inflammatory biomarkers of human monocytes
Authors: Giebe Sindy , Brux Melanie , Hofmann Anja , Lowe Frazer , Breheny Damien , Morawietz Henning , Brunssen Coy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMonocytes exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype play a key role in adhesion and development of atherosclerotic plaques. As an alternative to smoking, next-generation tobacco and nicotine products (NGP) are now widely used. However, little is known about their pro-inflammatory effects on monocytes. We investigated cell viability, anti-oxidant and pro-inflammatory gene and protein expression in THP-1 monocytes after exposure to aqueous smoke extracts (AqE) of a heated tobacco product (HTP), an electronic cigarette (e-cig), a conventional cigarette (3R4F) and pure nicotine (nic). Treatment with 3R4F reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, whereas exposure to alternative smoking products showed no difference to control. At the highest non-lethal dose of 3R4F (20%), the following notable mRNA expression changes were observed for 3R4F, HTP, and e-cig respectively, relative to control; HMOX1 (6-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold), NQO1 (3.5-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold), CCL2 (4-fold, 3.5-fold, 2.5-fold), IL1B (4-fold, 3-fold, < 2-fold), IL8 (5-fold, 2-fold, 2-fold), TNF (2-fold, 2-fold, < 2-fold) and ICAM1 was below the 2-fold threshold for all products. With respect to protein expression, IL1B (3-fold, < 2-fold, < 2-fold) and IL8 (3.5-fold, 2-fold, 2-fold) were elevated over the 2-fold threshold, whereas CCL2, TNF, and ICAM1 were below 2-fold expression for all products. At higher doses, greater inductions were observed with all extracts; however, NGP responses were typically lower than 3R4F. In conclusion, anti-oxidative and pro-inflammatory processes were activated by all products. NGPs overall showed lower responses relative to controls than THP-1 cells exposed to 3R4F AqE.
Quantification of groundwater discharge into a shallow coastal lagoon applying a multi-tracer approach
Authors: Schubert Michael , Knoeller Kay , Scholten Jan , Daesslé L. Walter , Bravo Mauricio M. Reyes , Solís Efraín M. Chávez 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn many cases, shallow coastal lagoons are, on the one hand, vulnerable habitats for birds and marine ecosystems and, on the other hand, threatened by discharging nutrient-laden surface waters and groundwater. In particular, the localization and quantification of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is of key concern in this regard. The presented study aimed at investigating SGD into a vulnerable coastal lagoon that is strongly impacted by evaporation applying a multi-tracer approach. The joint application of radionuclides (222Rn, 223Ra, 224Ra), stable water isotopes (δ18O, δ2H) and the water salinity as environmental water tracers allowed evaluating the suitability of the individual parameters in this specific type of environment. Whilst stable isotope and salinity data were difficult to construe in terms of SGD occurrence due to the intense impact of evaporation, a radon mass balance allowed localising SGD areas within the lagoon and quantifying the related SGD flux rates. In addition, a 224Ra/223Ra ratio analysis revealed information on the apparent age of the discharged groundwater, and hence on the flushing intensity of the lagoon. Besides these site-specific results, the study allowed the following general conclusions regarding the suitability of the applied tracers: (i) we verified the suitability of a radon mass balance approach for proving/disproving SGD occurrence and quantifying SGD fluxes in shallow coastal lagoons strongly impacted by evaporation; (ii) we showed that the impact of evaporation may impede the use of water stable isotope and salinity data as SGD indicators in such specific environments; (iii) we demonstrated that the tidal impact on a lagoon water body during a sampling campaign can be compensated by adapting sampling schedule and cruise track to the tidal cycle.
Application of modern portfolio theory to the European electricity mix: an assessment of environmentally optimal scenarios
Authors: deLlano-Paz Fernando , Cartelle-Barros Juan José , Martínez-Fernández Paulino 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe proposed study analyzes the efficiency of the European energy mix of electricity generation technologies from two perspectives: environmental and economic. The context is that of European energy dependence and a technology mix conditioned by the import of fossil fuels. The impact is centered, among other elements, on the leakage of national income and the emission of polluting gases. The aim is to determine the participation that each type of power plant in each country should present in order to minimize the total environmental impact. In order to solve this problem, a double optimization is proposed through the use of two methodologies: one based on a multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM) model with which to evaluate the environmental performance of each power plant, and a second optimization based on a quadratic model of portfolios modern portfolio theory (MPT), with which to evaluate the efficiency of the portfolio of technologies from the cost/risk binomial. The results confirm that an environmentally efficient portfolio leads to higher levels of economic risk-taking, with a slight increase in the level of assumed cost. Nevertheless, from the results obtained, it is possible to say that hydro (with a share between 11 and 13%) and wind (37–44% mix participation) technologies resulted to be preferred options both environmentally and in terms of minimum risk efficiency. Nuclear power generation stands out as one of the main baseload technologies with shares between 25 and 35% in environmental and cost/risk efficiency. As main findings, Hydro, supercritical lignite, solar PV and wind are identified as preferential technologies to be present in both minimum risk and minimum cost efficient portfolios. In case European Union pursues for minimizing the cost of electricity production, the shares of supercritical lignite, nuclear, solar PV and wind energy go up to the maximum allowed limits. The novelty lies in the application of both methodologies with which to complement the analysis and design efficient portfolios of energy technologies from environmental and economic points of view. One possible future approach would be to assess (with the MPT model) new environmentally optimal portfolios obtained through the application of other MCDM techniques.
Additional Fire Exposure Time for the Effect of Spalling in Reinforced Concrete Columns
Authors: Peña D. L. , Ibáñez C. , Albero V. , Hospitaler A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConcrete exposed to fire can experience spalling when the pore pressure increases due to water evaporation resulting in damage to part of the concrete cross-section which causes the loss of the initial cross-sectional symmetry, both thermal and geometrical. This may lead to what is, in essence, a biaxial bending problem in reinforced concrete columns. This study does not deal with the prediction of the occurrence of spalling for which a fully coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical analysis would be required. This work evaluates the consequences that corner spalling and surface spalling have on the fire resistance of reinforced concrete columns and presents a methodology based on the determination of a modified fire resistance time. An advanced fiber based numerical model for evaluating the fire resistance of RC sections exposed to fire is used as a tool to analyse the effect that spalling has on the performance of the columns. The model is able to generate the interaction surfaces of the columns subjected to uniaxial or biaxial bending and 4-sided exposed to the standard fire curve ISO 834. After a parametric analysis, it is observed that the negative effect of spalling can be quantified by means of an additional fire exposure time, which ranges between 0–35 min and depends on the column cross-section configuration, dimensions and load level. Finally, a proposal for the calculation of the modified fire resistance time for the effect of spalling is presented, which may be beneficial for practitioners in design.
The GAIN Registry — a New Prospective Study for Patients with Multi-organ Autoimmunity and Autoinflammation
Authors: Staus Paulina , Rusch Stephan , El-Helou Sabine , Müller Gabriele , Krausz Máté , Geisen Ulf , Caballero-Oteyza Andrés , Krüger Renate , Bakhtiar Shahrzad , Lee-Kirsch Min Ae , Fasshauer Maria , Baumann Ulrich , Hoyer Bimba Franziska , Farela Neves João , Borte Michael , Carrabba Maria , Hauck Fabian , Ehl Stephan , Bader Peter , von Bernuth Horst , Atschekzei Faranaz , Seppänen Mikko R. J. , Warnatz Klaus , Nieters Alexandra , Kindle Gerhard , Grimbacher Bodo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Patient registries are a very important and essential tool for investigating rare diseases, as most physicians only see a limited number of cases during their career. Diseases of multi-organ autoimmunity and autoinflammation are especially challenging, as they are characterized by diverse clinical phenotypes and highly variable expressivity. The GAIN consortium (German multi-organ Auto Immunity Network) developed a dataset addressing these challenges. ICD-11, HPO, and ATC codes were incorporated to document various clinical manifestations and medications with a defined terminology. The GAIN dataset comprises detailed information on genetics, phenotypes, medication, and laboratory values. Between November 2019 and July 2022, twelve centers from Europe have registered 419 patients with multi-organ autoimmunity or autoinflammation. The median age at onset of symptoms was 13 years (IQR 3–28) and the median delay from onset to diagnosis was 5 years (IQR 1–14). Of 354 (84.5%) patients who were genetically tested, 248 (59.2%) had a defined monogenetic cause. For 87 (20.8%) patients, no mutation was found and for 19 (4.5%), the result was pending. The most common gene affected was NFkB1 (48, 11.5%), and the second common was CTLA4 (40, 9.5%), both genetic patient groups being fostered by specific research projects within GAIN. The GAIN registry may serve as a valuable resource for research in the inborn error of immunity community by providing a platform for etiological and diagnostic research projects, as well as observational trials on treatment options.
Questions worth asking for futures worth making: an effectual approach
Authors: Sarasvathy Saras 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
It is not unusual in the psychology and economics of entrepreneurship to focus on decision models based on predictive reasoning that explain outcomes such as venture creation (at the micro level), firm performance (meso level), or job creation (macro level). However, in this article, derived from the literature on entrepreneurial expertise, I argue for an embrace of uncertainty, where outcomes are not only unknown, but unknowable, hence undermining predictive criteria for actions and decisions. By focusing on principles and processes that do not entail predictive reasoning, effectuation offers both practical guidance for acting in the face of multiple uncertainties and novel research questions not yet examined through the lens of the entrepreneurial method. Specifically, I offer five possible new ventures for future research built on the five principles of effectuation. These pertain to new futures worth making, without prescribing or predicting what those would, could, or should be.
Biomarkers of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Caramelo Inês , Coelho Margarida , Rosado Miguel , Cardoso Carla M. P. , Dinis Alexandra , Duarte Carlos B. , Grãos Mário , Manadas Bruno 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Current diagnostic criteria for hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy in the early hours lack objective measurement tools. Therefore, this systematic review aims to identify putative molecules that can be used in diagnosis in daily clinical practice (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021272610).

Data sources
Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases until November 2020. English original papers analyzing samples from newborns > 36 weeks that met at least two American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists diagnostic criteria and/or imaging evidence of cerebral damage were included. Bias was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The search and data extraction were verified by two authors separately.

Results
From 373 papers, 30 met the inclusion criteria. Data from samples collected in the first 72 hours were extracted, and increased serum levels of neuron-specific enolase and S100-calcium-binding protein-B were associated with a worse prognosis in newborns that suffered an episode of perinatal asphyxia. In addition, the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase isozyme-L1, glutamic pyruvic transaminase-2, lactate, and glucose were elevated in newborns diagnosed with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. Moreover, pathway analysis revealed insulin-like growth factor signaling and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism to be involved in the early molecular response to insult.

Conclusions
Neuron-specific enolase and S100-calcium-binding protein-B are potential biomarkers, since they are correlated with an unfavorable outcome of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy newborns. However, more studies are required to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this approach to be validated for clinical practice.
On the Philosophy of Unsupervised Learning
Authors: Watson David S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnsupervised learning algorithms are widely used for many important statistical tasks with numerous applications in science and industry. Yet despite their prevalence, they have attracted remarkably little philosophical scrutiny to date. This stands in stark contrast to supervised and reinforcement learning algorithms, which have been widely studied and critically evaluated, often with an emphasis on ethical concerns. In this article, I analyze three canonical unsupervised learning problems: clustering, abstraction, and generative modeling. I argue that these methods raise unique epistemological and ontological questions, providing data-driven tools for discovering natural kinds and distinguishing essence from contingency. This analysis goes some way toward filling the lacuna in contemporary philosophical discourse on unsupervised learning, as well as bringing conceptual unity to a heterogeneous field more often described by what it isnot(i.e., supervised or reinforcement learning) than by what itis. I submit that unsupervised learning is not just a legitimate subject of philosophical inquiry but perhaps the most fundamental branch of all AI. However, an uncritical overreliance on unsupervised methods poses major epistemic and ethical risks. I conclude by advocating for a pragmatic, error-statistical approach that embraces the opportunities and mitigates the challenges posed by this powerful class of algorithms.
Deepening the understanding of the structural validity of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator
Authors: Balasch-Bernat Mercè , Sentandreu-Mañó Trinidad , Tomás José M. , Cebrià i Iranzo Maria A. , Tortosa-Chuliá Maria A. , Arnal-Gómez Anna , Cezón-Serrano Natalia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPsychometric properties of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) have shown low internal consistency for psychological and social domains, and evidence for its structure validity is controversial. Moreover, research on TFI is frequently limited to community dwellings.AimsTo evaluate structural validity, reliability, and convergent and divergent validity of the Spanish version of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) in both community-dwelling and institutionalized older people.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on Spanish older adults (n = 457) recruited from both community settings (n = 322) and nursing homes (n = 135). Participants completed the TFI and other frailty instruments: Fried’s Frailty Phenotype, Edmonton Frailty Scale, FRAIL Scale, and Kihon Checklist (KCL). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and reliability and validity coefficients were estimated.Results and discussionSome items from physical and social domains showed low factor loadings (< 0.40). The three-factor CFA model showed better fit indices after depurating these items. Reliability estimates were good (CRI ≥ 0.70) for physical and psychological domains in the institutionalized sample, while in the community dwellings, only physical domain reliability was adequate. Convergent and divergent validity of physical and psychological domains was good, except for some alternative psychological measures highly correlating with the TFI physical component (KCL-depressive mood and Edmonton mood). However, the social domain showed low correlations with some social indicators.ConclusionThe findings of this study clarify some of the controversial validation results of the TFI structure and provide evidence to improve its use in psychometric terms.Clinical trial registration numberNCT03832608.
Characterization of reading errors in languages with different orthographic regularity: an Italian–English comparison
Authors: Marinelli Chiara Valeria , Romani Cristina , McGowan Victoria A. , Giustizieri Simona , Zoccolotti Pierluigi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study examined whether a classification of errors based on Hendriks and Kolk’s (1997) proposal would effectively characterize the reading profile of children learning two orthographies varying for regularity, such as Italian and English. The study considered both an age-match and a grade-match comparison. Offline analysis of error production was carried out for two lists of stimuli: List 1 including regular words varying for frequency and matched non-words and List 2 including low-frequency words varying for regularity. In List 1, Italian-reading children made more multiple attempts characterized by a slow and progressive approach to the target (sounding-out behavior) than English-reading children, while the latter made relatively more word substitutions and non-word lexicalizations. As for List 2, Italian-reading children made relatively more multiple attempts and progressive approaches to the target compared to the English-reading children (with more sounding-out behaviors and syllabications), while the opposite occurred for phonological-visual errors, word substitutions, morphological, and semantic errors. Both groups showed a high proportion of phonological-visual and regularization errors (stress assignment in the case of Italian-reading children). Overall, the use of an error coding system specifically tuned to the characteristics of the orthographies investigated allowed a more comprehensive identification of reading difficulties which allowed the different strategies used by children of different languages to emerge more clearly (more reliance on sub-lexical routines in Italian readers and on lexical routines in English readers). These results call for more attention to error patterns in the identification of reading difficulties in children of different languages including those learning a transparent orthography where error analyses have largely been ignored.
Slavery, Freedom Suits, and Legal Praxis in the Ottoman Empire, ca. 1590–1710
Authors: White Joshua M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBeginning with the story of the Muslim youth Mehmed bin Abdülcelil of Tunis, this article examines the plight of Ottoman subjects abducted and sold into slavery within the Ottoman Empire and their efforts to regain freedom through Ottoman courts. Freedom suits (hürriyet davaları) were common in the seventeenth-century Ottoman Empire, so much so that contemporary legal praxis manuals (sukuk) always provided examples of how to document them, but they have never been systematically studied for this period in which slave ownership was extremely widespread and the legality of enslavement depended solely on religion and subjecthood. Drawing on a sample of seventy-nine suits from greater Istanbul and elevensukukmanuscripts, this article considers how the trade in the illegally enslaved was concealed by the immense traffic in licit captives and how the theoretical protections of Ottoman subjecthood clashed with the practical challenges of how to prove it, exposing the gap between slavery as legal institution and slaving in practice. Whereas the vast majority of freedom suits ended in rulings in favor of the victims, most of the illegally enslaved probably never managed to have their cases heard or were turned away for lack of evidence.
Frequency comb MIMO OFDM radar demonstrator with high unambiguous velocity
Authors: Nuss Benjamin , Giroto de Oliveira Lucas , Zwick Thomas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDigital radar waveforms such as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) often have the disadvantage that they require high sampling rates if fine range resolutions have to be achieved. The frequency comb OFDM radar scheme offers a possibility to overcome this drawback and to improve the range resolution without increasing the sampling rate. Simultaneously, the high unambiguous velocity, which is one of the advantages of digital radar waveforms, is retained and due to the simple generation of orthogonal transmit signals, it is well suited for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications. To prove all these features of the frequency comb OFDM radar scheme, a suitable 4 × 4 MIMO demonstrator including frequency comb generation as well as up- and downconversion with these combs has been set up. Its functionality has been validated with real measurements in an anechoic chamber in conjunction with a radar target simulator to emulate very high velocities.