bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of serum Vitamin D and ferritin level and their correlation with insulin resistance and adiposity in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: A hospital-based study in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Aghade Sunita Machindra 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the utmost prevailing, complex endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women and one of the fundamental reasons for female infertility. It has been acclaimed as a metabolic syndrome variant in women and comprises a crucial segment of the female population at risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D deficiency is connected with deleterious metabolic outcomes in PCOS and may be responsible for exacerbating PCOS symptoms. This hormonal deficiency is linked with insulin resistance (IR), adiposity, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, and systemic pro-inflammatory milieu in PCOS women. Ferritin, a regulator of iron homeostasis, is linked with IR and obesity. There is an absolute interrelation of even slightly raised body iron stores with aggravated risk of IR, diabetes, cardiovascular events, and metabolic syndrome in PCOS.

AIMS:
This study was designed to assess and compare Vitamin D and ferritin status in PCOS and control group women. We also aimed to analyze the association of Vitamin D and body iron stores with IR and adiposity in PCOS women.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Women with a diagnosis of PCOS, between 18 and 40 years of age, were recruited and compared with healthy controls. Baseline information was obtained from all the participants, and biochemical parameters such as Vitamin D and ferritin were analyzed.

RESULTS:
This study demonstrated that women with PCOS have significantly decreased Vitamin D levels compared to controls. A compromised Vitamin D status in PCOS women is associated with higher IR, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, and lipid accumulation product (LAP). PCOS women showed increased serum ferritin concentration that correlated with IR and BMI.

CONCLUSION:
An inadequate Vitamin D and raised ferritin status in PCOS women are associated with IR and adiposity. These biochemical markers might be the hallmark of metabolic aberrations in PCOS and their assessment would be worthwhile for evaluating cardiovascular and diabetes risks in these women. Furthermore, the correlation of the LAP index with the IR index suggests that obesity has a strong impact on IR.
Trends in selected Renal diseases among patients from below poverty line population in Karnataka during 2010-2021
Authors: Devajana D. C. Nanjunda , Mishra Amit Kumar , Lakshmi Jyothi S. 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:
Renal disorders are becoming increasingly common today. There is a clear correlation between social and economic deprivation and the advancement of many kidney illnesses, as well as premature death.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective is to reveal trends in the prevalence of renal diseases among the population below the poverty line (BPL) using the Karnataka method.

METHODS:
The current study is based on the data available on the government-managed website containing details about people who received treatment for several renal diseases under various government health insurance schemes by the BPL population from 2010 to 2020 in Karnataka state, South India.

RESULTS:
Renal calculi, enlarged prostate, and bladder calculus are the most common renal disorders among BPL communities in the age group of 20–40 years. Regarding renal calculi, there is a consistent increase in cases from 563 in 2010–2011 to a peak of 3901 in 2020–2021, indicating a continuous upward trend. Fluctuations are observed in the case of an enlarged prostate, with variations in the number of cases each passing year. Bladder calculus disease also shows an increasing trend, particularly evident from 2017 to 2018 onward.

CONCLUSION:
This study found the potential relationship between socioeconomic status and renal diseases among individuals in the BPL segment of Karnataka state. Renal disorders such as calculi, renal failure, and chronic kidney disease exhibit a rising trend over time, whereas diseases such as enlarged prostate and bladder calculus display fluctuations. The findings underscore the urgent necessity for targeted healthcare interventions and awareness programs tailored to BPL communities.
Integrative management of hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Shah Tushar P. , Joshi Foram P. , Patel Vaibhavi , Shah Niti T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful clinical condition of inflamed apocrine gland of the skin. Local tissue induration, abscess-fistulae formation, seropurulent exudation, localized pain, discoloration, scarring of the skin, and fever are the clinical signs of HS. Conventional management of HS includes systemic antibiotics, steroids, wide excision of involved tissues, and long postoperative management. In this HS of the perianal region, a 35-year-old male was managed by integrative management. He was treated by approaching infected glands through the application of Ksharasutra
(~Medicated
seton) and rubber seton and was prescribed castor oil (Ricinus
communis) and Kanchanara
Guggulu (poly-Herbo mineral compound) as adjuvant medical management. He was dressed with Apamarga Kshara Taila (AKT) once daily after sitz bath. The case was recovered in a short duration of 2 months without any untoward effects. Chemical debridement of infected apocrine glands was achieved by initial application of Ksharasutra and its periodical replacement with newer Ksharasutra at the interval of 7 days (till 6 weeks). Rubber seton provided drainage of exudation and tissue fluids without local skin irritation and inflammation. Local wound management by AKT and systemic medicaments aided in faster recovery. The patient has been living without recurrent episodes for the last 2 years.
National and international regulatory requirements on stem cell research-A systematic review
Authors: Sutar Sanjana , Devarinti Revansiddappa , Amaresh Kurubara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Stem cells are the constructing blocks of the organism; they are the cells from which all different cells with uniquefeatures develop. Stem cells have a seemingly limitless capacity to create all kinds of cells. Review research was carried out by utilizing the search engines Scopus and PubMed indexed journals, in conjunction with the ICMR committee stem cell standard procedures and USFDA guidelines. The present research indicate that the US adheres to more guidelines compared to Indian guidelines. While a considerable amount of research on stem cells is prohibited or restricted in India. The systematic review is to examine and contrast the policies governing stem cell research in India and the United States with a view to determining the future role of the Institutional Committee for Stem Cell Research.
Efficacy and safety of Kshara Sutra therapy for the management of anal fistula – A meta-analysis
Authors: Hanifa Nasreen , Kumar P. Hemantha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Nowadays, many novel approaches are being tested and practiced in search of the ideal treatment for anal fistula but the best technique is not known. Although comparative clinical trials are being done globally for anal fistula but drawback and limitations are associated with every intervention so we are not able to reach the final conclusion that which approach is best for the management of this perplexing disease and the available evidence suffers from lack of high-quality data with very few large RCTs. Ayurveda science also actively contributes Kshara
Sutra application for anal fistula management in Sushruta
Samhita and many studies also conducted in various institutions on this methodology but no comparative quality data are available which can help to gain global recognition and acceptance. To find out the efficacy and safety of Kshara
Sutra therapy in Anal fistula, a sincere attempt has been made by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and published information from January 2000 to May 2023 are recorded. A total of 7 articles were included in this meta-analysis with Jadad scores ranging between 4 to 7 for 6 studies and score of 3 for 1 study signifying overall good quality of the articles. The cure rate considering unit cutting time of the fistula tract with Kshara
Sutra therapy was found highly significant and negligible rate of recurrence and anal incontinence. Existing literature data reveal Kshara
Sutra therapy may be the minimally invasive surgical procedure with promising cure rate and lowest incidence of recurrence and anal incontinence.
A cross-sectional assessment of diabetes risk among adults in a limited-resource urban primary care setting in West Bengal, India
Authors: Mallick Nazrul , Biswas Puspendu , Poddar Dwija , Podder Debayan , Bhowmik Disha , Sarkar Dipika 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:
India faces a burgeoning burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus, projected to reach 87 million by 2030, with alarmingly high undiagnosed cases. Early identification remains crucial for targeted health interventions. This study employed a validated risk assessment tool to identify high-risk individuals and explore associations with diabetes risk factors.

Material and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 months among nondiabetic consenting adults (above 18 years) attending a limited-resource urban primary health center in the field practice area of a teaching hospital in Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal. A predesigned, pretested schedule containing domains on sociodemographics, dietary, medical history, and validated risk assessment tool - the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) was used to collect data from an estimated sample of 112 adults.

RESULTS:
Of all the participants who underwent diabetes risk assessment, the majority (67.9%) were females and residents (71.4%) of adjacent rural areas. Findings showed that the majority of participants were in the moderate-high risk category of developing diabetes, of which 16.07% had high, 57.14% had moderate, and 26.78% had low risk with an overall mean (standard deviation) risk score of 39.11 (18.63). Bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship (P < 0.05) between diabetes risk score with age, education, hypertension, physical activity, dietary salt intake, and family history of diabetes.

CONCLUSION:
Simple, noninvasive diabetes risk assessment tools like IDRS provide cost-effective solutions in identifying at-risk individuals in primary care settings; therefore, it should be implemented in limited resource settings for early risk identification and management of diabetes, consequently decreasing the disease burden.
A case–control study on the levels of serum lipid in the suicide attempters attending psychiatric hospital in North Karnataka
Authors: Mangalwedhe Sameer Belvi , Anusha M. S. , Miskin Anantkumar P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
In today’s society, suicide is major public problem and has become a global issue accounting for about 1.4% of the death worldwide. It is highly undesirable event and urgently requires development of preventive approaches. Hypothesis: Cholesterol is a core component of central nervous system essential for cell membrane stability and the correct functioning of neurotransmission. It is hypothesized that reduced serum cholesterol level may be accompanied by changes in function of serotonin receptors and transporters.

AIMS:
The project ‘Serum Lipid Profile Levels in Suicide Attempters’ aimed to find out the relation of serum lipid levels in Suicide Attempters.

METHODOLOGY:
A Case Control Study was conducted and it was observed that the people coming with suicide attempt has significant decrease in the serum cholesterol levels when compared to those of normal healthy Individual.

RESULTS:
Total serum cholesterol was lower in suicide attempters than the control group. The odds of suicide attempt was 3 times more in people with low serum cholesterol.

CONCLUSION:
Our study findings demonstrate that serum total cholesterol can be considered as an important and independent risk factor for Suicidality.
A cross-sectional descriptive study to assess the awareness about tuberculosis, GeneXpert, Nikshay, and 99-DOTS among the representative population of medical students
Authors: Jha Shruti , Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health concern. The current study has been done with the objectives to assess the level of awareness about TB, GeneXpert, Nikshay, and 99-DOTS under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) among the representative population of medical students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted over a period of 2 months from October 2022 to November 2022 in a tertiary teaching medical college of Chengalpet district of Tamil Nadu among the medical students of the teaching medical college and hospital. Participants between the age of 18 and 28 years were included in the study with no serious illness. A stratified random sampling method was employed, wherein all the students were asked to fill out the online semi-structured questionnaire. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel, and statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0.

RESULTS:
This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 176 undergraduate medical students with a mean age of 22.5 ± 3.5 years, where there are 95 (53.9%) females and 81 (46%) males as the participants of the study. Out of 176 participants, 140 (79.5%) participants had a fairly good awareness of first-line drugs, whereas 36 (20.5%) participants lacked awareness about NTEP, GeneXpert, 99-DOTS, and Nikshay. The majority of the participants reported following most of the TB preventive measures, with hand hygiene and using a handkerchief while coughing and sneezing are the most commonly reported prevention measures.

CONCLUSION:
The current study reported that, despite being aware of TB as a disease, medical students had low awareness of government-led interventions such as NTEP, Nikshay, 99-DOTS, and GeneXpert. This calls for the need to intensify awareness activities among medical students to strengthen our battle against TB.
Safety and effectiveness of fast-track bilateral total knee arthroplasty: An Indian experience
Authors: Katragadda Bharat Chandra , Suresh Anoop , Azeez Arshad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), fast-track or enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs are proven to be cost-effective without compromising patient safety or functional outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine if these promising results could be reproduced in Indian practice.

METHODS:
This retrospective study compared patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral TKA through ERAS protocol (n = 100) from January 2021 to June 2022 with a propensity-matched historical group operated through conventional protocol (n = 100) from July 2019 to June 2020. The time for straight leg raise (SLR), time to discharge, Visual Analog Score (VAS) for pain, range of motion (ROM), the Knee Society Score (KSS), complication rate, and readmission rate were compared between the groups in the early postoperative and follow-up periods up to 1 year.

RESULTS:
The mean length of stay (LOS) was significantly shorter in the ERAS group (2.3 days vs. 5.1 days, P < 0.001). The time to SLR was also significantly earlier in the ERAS group. The VAS score was significantly low on days 1, 2, 7, and 14 postsurgery. The KSS and ROM were significantly better in the ERAS group till 14 days. The VAS, KSS, and ROM were comparable between the groups at 1 month and later follow-up periods. There was no significant difference with regard to the rate of complications and readmissions.

CONCLUSION:
ERAS protocols used in bilateral TKA significantly reduced the LOS without compromising patient safety or functional outcomes. Standardized ERAS practices for all TKAs could benefit patients as well as health-care systems.
Models for implementing testing and treating latent tuberculosis infections among the vulnerable populations
Authors: Samal Janmejaya , Mondal Arnab 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
The Indian national tuberculosis (TB) prevalence survey conducted during 2019–2021 revealed a 31% TB infection (TBI) burden among individuals above 15 years of age. India has an ambitious plan of eliminating TB by 2025, 5 years ahead of the global agenda, thus focusing on the burden of TBI and management of TBI with TB preventive treatment (TPT) is of utmost importance in achieving the same. States in India adopt different models of implementation of testing and treating the TBI. Some of the states select subcontracting agencies to provide end-to-end TPT and some do adopt the in-house mechanism using the existing health system in providing the same. Moreover, the “Programmatic Management of TPT in India” guideline prioritizes population group for TPT based on elevated risk of progression from infection to TB disease or increased likelihood of exposure to TB disease. Given the background, we propose two models of implementation of TBI diagnosis using interferon-gamma release assay and treatment; one using a subcontracting agency and the other one using the existing health system machinery to test and treat the TBI.
Prospective study to determine the prevalence and contribution of maternal and fetal factors to neonatal thrombocytopenia
Authors: Nandish H. R. , Ansari Qudsiya , Wade Poonam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Neonatal thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1.5 lakhs/μL) is one of the most common hematological findings in the neonates, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The clinical features and laboratory parameters are heterogeneous, with different underlying causes and risk factors. There are still few studies about some possible risk factors and their influence on the newborn’s clinical outcome.

AIM:
This study was conducted to assess the contribution of maternal and fetal factors, clinical profile, and outcome of neonatal thrombocytopenia in NICU.

METHODS:
A prospective observational study was conducted at our tertiary care hospital on 186 neonates with thrombocytopenia admitted to NICU. Maternal and neonatal risk factors were recorded. The risk factors were compared with the severity of thrombocytopenia.

RESULTS:
One hundred and eighty-six neonates with thrombocytopenia, based on platelet counts, were divided into three groups. Mild grade of thrombocytopenia was commonly seen (52.20%), followed by moderate (36.60%). Hypertension (HTN) was the most common maternal risk factor (24.70%), followed by eclampsia (15.10%) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (12.40%). The most common neonatal risk factors were birth asphyxia (37.60%), followed by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (11.30%), sepsis (9.70%), and (11.80%), which had no risk factors. A significant association is found as all the 6 (3.3%) who died had severe thrombocytopenia.

CONCLUSION:
The most common maternal predisposing factors were HTN, eclampsia, and GDM. Birth asphyxia, IUGR, and sepsis were the most common neonatal factors associated with thrombocytopenia. Severe thrombocytopenia can be used as a prognostic indicator in sick neonates.
Prevalence of thyroid disorders among pregnant mothers of rural Bengaluru
Authors: Krishna Chaitra , Krishna Chandana , Babu B. Manoj 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:
Thyroid disorders constitute one of the most common endocrine disorders seen in pregnancy. Thyroid disorders may be overlooked in pregnancy because of nonspecific symptoms and hypermetabolic state of pregnancy. There is also a paucity of data on the prevalence of thyroid disorders in Indian pregnant women. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders in pregnant women of rural Bengaluru.

OBJECTIVES:
The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of thyroid disorders during pregnancy among the study subjects.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
This hospital-based descriptive study was conducted among the antenatal mothers of the community health center of Thyamagondlu in rural Bengaluru. Antenatal mothers who come for antenatal checkup were interviewed and the data were collected using pretested; semi-structured questionnaire.

RESULTS:
The present study showed that 3% were hyperthyroid, 25% were hypothyroid, 21% had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 4% had overt hypothyroidism.

CONCLUSION:
The present study showed that the prevalence of thyroid disorders, especially hypothyroidism (25%) was high. This warrants the need for the adoption of appropriate strategies to identify women at risk of thyroid disorders and the implementation of screening tools for its early detection and initiation of effective treatment.
Doctor–patient communication at an urban health and training center in Goa: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dias Nadia Claire Mascarenhas e , Kamble Vishakha Uday , Bicholkar Abhishek Uday , Cacodcar Jagadish Anil 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Effective doctor–patient communication is a central clinical function in building a therapeutic doctor–patient relationship, which is the heart and art of medicine. The increasing population and the lack of available services at these health centers can result in annoyed and agitated patients, resulting in violence toward doctors and other health-care staff.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess doctor–patient communication at an urban health and training center in Goa.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months on 200 participants. The self-administered questionnaire contained two components: (1) sociodemographic information of the participants and (2) 8 close-ended questions which focus on the communication behavior of the doctors.

RESULTS:
87.5% of the patients perceived a good communication behavior from the doctors.

CONCLUSION:
Our study concluded that the doctor–patient communication behavior at the urban health center was good, which conveys a good impression of the doctors and the center. The greeting the patients received at the beginning of the consultation, the listening ear, their ability to explain in the local language, to repeat if the patient had not understood, the attitude with which they spoke, the tone of their voice, and most importantly the involvement of the patient in the disease and treatment process left an impression on the participants.