bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and temporal variation in the diet of intermediate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus affinis, relative to insect abundance in a tropical rainforest environment of Southeast Asia
Authors: Mohamed Mansour Saad Abulqasim , Sah Shahrul Anuar Mohd , Elias Nurul‐Ain 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDietary studies on insectivorous bat species in Southeast Asia are relatively few. We studied diet of the intermediate horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus affinis, and the temporal variations in prey resource use. We also measured prey availability in order to explore whether this species is a generalist or specialist feeder. A total of 665 fecal samples were collected from 133 captured individuals from January to December 2019 in a tropical rainforest of Penang Island (Malaysia). A descriptive analysis of samples revealed a total of eight insect prey orders. The main taxon was Coleoptera (Percent Volume >50%), followed by Isoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, respectively (5–15%). Neuroptera and Psocoptera were occasionally found in the samples (each <1%). This result exhibits a degree of dietary specialization on coleopterans although the diet composition was flexible and significantly varied over time (among months and within nights). Based on light trapping, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera were frequent insects in the study area, while Isoptera was seasonally abundant. The correlation between variation in the diet and light trap for each prey taxon was mostly not statistically significant, suggesting that R. affinis do not consume prey in proportion to abundance and alternatively may discriminate between prey items when foraging and take prey in rank order. Given this, we further investigated the heavy consumption of absolute abundance of Coleoptera (high‐ranking prey in diet). As a result, coleopterans were included in the diet regardless of the abundance of other prey showing a pattern of dietary specialization.
Microbial decontamination assisted by ultrasound‐based processing technologies in food and model systems: A review
Authors: Beitia Enrique , Gkogka Elissavet , Chanos Panagiotis , Hertel Christian , Heinz Volker , Valdramidis Vasilis , Aganovic Kemal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltrasound (US) technology is recognized as one of the emerging technologies that arise from the current trends for improving nutritional and organoleptic properties while providing food safety. However, when applying the US alone, higher power and longer treatment times than conventional thermal treatments are needed to achieve a comparable level of microbial inactivation. This results in risks, damaging food products’ composition, structure, or sensory properties, and can lead to higher processing costs. Therefore, the US has often been investigated in combination with other approaches, like heating at mild temperatures and/or treatments at elevated pressure, use of antimicrobial substances, or other emerging technologies (e.g., high‐pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, nonthermal plasma, or microwaves). A combination of US with different approaches has been reported to be less energy and time consuming. This manuscript aims to provide a broad review of the microbial inactivation efficacy of US technology in different food matrices and model systems. In particular, emphasis is given to the US in combination with the two most industrially viable physical processes, that is, heating at mild temperatures and/or treatments at elevated pressure, resulting in techniques known as thermosonication, manosonication, and manothermosonication. The available literature is reviewed, and critically discussed, and potential research gaps are identified. Additionally, discussions on the US's inactivation mechanisms and lethal effects are included. Finally, mathematical modeling approaches of microbial inactivation kinetics due to US‐based processing technologies are also outlined. Overall, this review focuses only on the uses of the US and its combinations with other processes relevant to microbial food decontamination.
Antioxidant potential and factors influencing the content of antioxidant compounds of pepper: A review with current knowledge
Authors: Sanatombi Keithellakpam 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe use of natural food items as antioxidants has gained increasing popularity and attention in recent times supported by scientific studies validating the antioxidant properties of natural food items. Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are also important sources of antioxidants and several studies published during the last few decades identified and quantified various groups of phytochemicals with antioxidant capacities as well as indicated the influence of several pre‐ and postharvest factors on the antioxidant capacity of pepper. Therefore, this review summarizes the research findings on the antioxidant activity of pepper published to date and discusses their potential health benefits as well as the factors influencing the antioxidant activity in pepper. The major antioxidant compounds in pepper include capsaicinoids, capsinoids, vitamins, carotenoids, phenols, and flavonoids, and these antioxidants potentially modulate oxidative stress related to aging and diseases by targeting reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation products, as well as genes for transcription factors that regulate antioxidant response elements genes. The review also provides a systematic understanding of the factors that maintain or improve the antioxidant capacity of peppers and the application of these strategies offers options to pepper growers and spices industries for maximizing the antioxidant activity of peppers and their health benefits to consumers. In addition, the efficacy of pepper antioxidants, safety aspects, and formulations of novel products with pepper antioxidants have also been covered with future perspectives on potential innovative uses of pepper antioxidants in the future.
Predictive value of bone marrow megakaryocyte count for immunotherapeutic response in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients with severe immune thrombocytopenia: A single‐center case–control study in China
Authors: Zhong Hui , Xue Yuan , Zhang Li , Yang Yunjiao , Zhou Jiaxin , Zhang Shangzhu , Jiang Nan , Qiao Lin , Peng Linyi , Wang Li , Zhang Wen , Xu Dong , Li Mengtao , Zhao Yan , Zeng Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate potential predictors of treatment response in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients with severe immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), with a focus on bone marrow megakaryocyte (MK) count.MethodsThis case–control study included patients with pSS and severe ITP who were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital and met the 2002 AECG or 2016 American College of Rheumatology / European League Against Rheumatism criteria for SS. Patients who had overlap other connective tissue diseases and with thrombocytopenia that could be explained by other causes were excluded. Severe ITP was defined as platelet count <20 × 109/L. Response was evaluated at 3 months after treatment.ResultsSixty‐eight eligible patients were included: 34 (50%) achieved complete remission (CR), 18 (26%) partial remission (PR) and 16 (24%) were non‐responders (NRs). Fewer infections were found in the CR group (24%) than in the PR (50%) and NR (56%) groups (P = 0.04). The MK count (CR 32 vs PR 36 vs NR 4 per slide, P < 0.001) in the NR group was significantly lower than in the other groups. MK count >6.5 per slide predicted good treatment response, with 85.7% sensitivity, 88.1% specificity and 0.866 area under the curve. Logistic regression indicated that patients with more MKs were more likely to respond to immunotherapy (crude odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.2–2.0, adjusted OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.2–2.7).ConclusionsMK count predicted response to immunosuppressive treatment in pSS patients with severe ITP. These patients are recommended to have bone marrow aspiration before treatment initiation. Clinicians should be aware of screening for infections during clinical practice.
Garment Model Extraction from Clothed Mannequin Scan
Authors: Gao Qiqi , Taketomi Takafumi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModelling garments with rich details require enormous time and expertise of artists. Recent works re‐construct garments through segmentation of clothed human scan. However, existing methods rely on certain human body templates and do not perform as well on loose garments such as skirts. This paper presents a two‐stage pipeline for extracting high‐fidelity garments from static scan data of clothed mannequins. Our key contribution is a novel method for tracking both tight and loose boundaries between garments and mannequin skin. Our algorithm enables the modelling of off‐the‐shelf clothing with fine details. It is independent of human template models and requires only minimal mannequin priors. The effectiveness of our method is validated through quantitative and qualitative comparison with the baseline method. The results demonstrate that our method can accurately extract both tight and loose garments within reasonable time.
Influence of implant restorative emergence angle and contour on peri‐implant marginal bone loss: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Atieh Momen A. , Shah Maanas , Ameen Mohammed , Tawse‐Smith Andrew , Alsabeeha Nabeel H. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundImplant restorative emergence angle and profile may have a negative impact on peri‐implant marginal bone level and may increase the risk of developing peri‐implantitis. However, the role of these prosthetic features on peri‐implant health is still unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analyses was to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of implant restorations with an emergence angle of >30° in comparison to those with ≤30° in terms of changes in peri‐implant marginal bone level, periodontal parameters, and prevalence rate of peri‐implantitis.MethodsElectronic databases were searched to identify observational studies that compared implant restorations with an emergence angle of >30° to those with ≤30°. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool.ResultsFour studies with 912 dental implants in 397 participants were included in the present review. Of these, 455 implants had restorations with an emergence angle of >30°, while the remaining implants had restorative emergence angle of ≤30°. The follow‐up time varied between 3.8 and 10.9 years. Implant restorations with an emergence angle of ≤30° were associated with less changes in peri‐implant marginal bone level compared to those with emergence angle of >30°. The difference, however, was not statistically significant (mean difference 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.13 to 1.72; p = 0.09). In platform‐matched implants, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant in favor of implant restorations with emergence angle of ≤30°. In terms of emergence profile, implant restorations with convex profile had significantly higher rate of peri‐implantitis (57.8%) compared to implant restorations with concave or straight profile (21.3%) (risk ratio 2.32; 95% CI 1.12–4.82; p = 0.02).ConclusionsWithin the limitation of this review, implant restorations with an emergence angles of >30° or ≤30° seem to have no significant influence on peri‐implant marginal bone level. Platform‐matched implants with an emergence angle of ≤30° may have positive effects on the peri‐implant marginal bone level changes, but the evidence support is of low to moderate certainty.
Efficacy and safety of remote ischemic conditioning for acute ischemic stroke: A comprehensive meta‐analysis from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kan Xiuji , Yan Zeya , Wang Fei , Tao Xinyu , Xue Tao , Chen Zhouqing , Wang Zhong , Chen Gang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeRemote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a remote, transient, and noninvasive procedure providing temporary ischemia and reperfusion. However, there is no comprehensive literature investigating the efficacy and safety of RIC for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive meta‐analysis of the available studies.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library database (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched before Sep 7, 2022. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1 software, Stata version 16.0 software, and R 4.2.0 software. Odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD), and corresponding 95% CIs were pooled using fixed‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsWe pooled 6392 patients from 17 randomized controlled trials. Chronic RIC could reduce the recurrence of ischemic stroke at the endpoints (OR 0.67, 95% CI [0.51, 0.87]). RIC could also improve the prognosis of patients at 90 days as assessed by mRS score (mRS 0–1: OR 1.29, 95% CI [1.09, 1.52]; mRS 0–2: OR 1.22, 95% CI [1.01, 1.48]) and at the endpoints assessed by NIHSS score (MD −0.99, 95% CI [−1.45, −0.53]). RIC would not cause additional adverse events such as death (p = 0.72), intracerebral hemorrhage events (p = 0.69), pneumonia (p = 0.75), and TIA (p = 0.24) but would inevitably cause RIC‐related adverse events (OR 26.79, 95% CI [12.08, 59.38]).ConclusionsRIC could reduce the stroke recurrence and improve patients' prognosis. Intervention on bilateral upper limbs, 5 cycles, and a length of 50 min in each intervention might be an optimal protocol for RIC at present. RIC could be an effective therapy for patients not eligible for reperfusion therapy. RIC would not cause other adverse events except for relatively benign RIC‐related adverse events.
Mucosectomy of the anal canal via transanal minimally invasive surgery combined with transanal total mesorectal excision for familial adenomatous polyposis: A technical note
Authors: Matsumoto Ryu , Mori Shinichiro , Nepal Pramod , Kita Yoshiaki , Tanabe Kan , Hokonohara Kentaro , Satake Soichi , Hamada Yuki , Wada Masumi , Arigami Takaaki , Sasaki Ken , Kurahara Hiroshi , Ohtsuka Takao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTotal proctocolectomy with ileal pouch−anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard surgical treatment modality for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). It is challenging to perform proctectomy and preserve anal sphincter function. In this video, precise mucosectomy of the anal canal via transanal minimally invasive surgery (MAC‐TAMIS) is reported.MethodsAn asymptomatic 35‐year‐old man was found to have a positive faecal occult blood test in routine screening examination and was diagnosed with FAP on colonoscopic examination. The patient was scheduled for total proctocolectomy with IPAA using the TAMIS approach combined with transanal total mesorectal excision. MAC‐TAMIS was performed to preserve the internal anal sphincter during laparoscopy.ResultsThe total duration of surgery was 543 min, blood loss was minimal, and the postoperative course was uneventful. The postoperative hospital stay was 12 days. The pathological findings demonstrated no evidence of malignancy. Gastrographic imaging from the ileostomy showed sufficient size of the J pouch and good tonus of the anus at 6 months after surgery. The Wexner scores at 1, 3 and 6 months after ileostomy closure were 5, 3 and 0, respectively.ConclusionThe MAC‐TAMIS technique is safe and feasible during total proctocolectomy with IPAA in patients with FAP. This technique allows us to precisely preserve the internal anal sphincter using a laparoscopic approach.
Prices of flower and resin in cannabis social clubs: Analyses of register data from 220,000 collections
Authors: Manthey Jakob , Obradors‐Pineda Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionCannabis social clubs (CSC) are community‐based non‐profit organisations that aim to minimise cannabis‐related harm for their members. This contribution seeks to: (i) compare the cost of cannabis flower and resin in CSCs to the national average retail price on the illegal market; and (ii) identify possible quantity discounts for cannabis flower and resin distributed to members of CSCs.MethodsRoutine data from four CSCs located in Barcelona, Spain, contained information on n = 220,465 collections of cannabis resin and flower (0.01–39 g per collection). The costs for 1 g of cannabis flower and resin per collection were determined. The mean national prices on illicit cannabis were obtained from Spanish police reports.ResultsOn average, members paid 6.19€ for 1 g flower (median: 6€; interquartile range: 6–7€) and 8.54€ for 1 g resin (median: 7€; interquartile range: 6–9€), with less variations for flower than for resin. Compared to the national average, prices appeared to be higher for cannabis products distributed in CSCs, but comparisons were limited by a lack of data on the variation of national prices. For resin, doubling the quantity was associated with a 20.7% (95% confidence interval 20.4–21.2%; p < 0.001) fee discount.Discussion and conclusionsCannabis in CSCs may be more costly than the estimated national average for the illicit market. No meaningful price discount could be observed for flower but for resin. Pricing policies pursued by CSCs may help to disincentivise consumption of larger amounts but may also bar socioeconomically disadvantaged users from accessing safer alternatives than the illegal market.
Syphilis
Authors: Sadoghi Birgit , Stary Georg , Wolf Peter 
Published: May 2023

SummarySyphilis is a curable systemic infectious disease with a clear increase in incidence in recent years. The disease presents with a broad clinical spectrum and challenges clinicians due to the long incubation period and the sometimes complex interpretation of serological test results. Penicillin G remains the treatment of choice in all stages of syphilis.
Comparing temporal dynamics of compositional reorganization in long‐term studies of birds and fish
Authors: Penny Amelia , Dornelas Maria , Magurran Anne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe composition of ecological assemblages has changed rapidly over the past century. Compositional reorganization rates are high relative to rates of alpha diversity change, creating an urgent need to understand how this compositional reorganization is progressing. We developed a quantitative framework for comparing temporal trajectories of compositional reorganization and applied it to two long‐term bird and marine fish datasets. We then evaluated how the number and magnitude of short‐term changes relate to overall rates of change. We found varied trajectories of turnover across birds and fish, with linear directional change predominating in birds and non‐directional change more common in fish. The number of changes away from the baseline was a more consistent correlate of the overall rate of change than the magnitude of such changes, but large unreversed changes were found in both fish and birds, as were time series with accelerating compositional change. Compositional reorganization is progressing through a complex mix of temporal trajectories, including both threshold‐like behaviour and the accumulation of repeated, linear change.
Proximal segmental ostectomy under standing sedation for treatment of open comminuted axially displaced fractures of the fourth metatarsal bone in two horses
Authors: Vajs Taja , Haltmayer Eva 
Published: May 2023

SummaryTwo cases with open, comminuted, axially displaced fractures of the proximal third of the fourth metatarsal bone were referred to the University Equine Hospital Vienna. Due to concerns regarding the risk of injury to the suspensory ligament and risk of implant infection with an open configuration, surgical treatment with proximal ostectomy of the fractured fourth metatarsal bone was performed in both cases. Based on telephone follow‐up, Case 1 was reported to be sound with no significant reaction at the surgical site 22 months following the procedure and Case 2 exhibited intermittent lameness, radiographically evident irregular new bone formation and some residual ultrasonographic changes of the proximal suspensory ligament 17 months after the procedure. Based on the results of this report, a proximal ostectomy facilitated by standing sedation and regional anaesthesia is a valid treatment option in cases of open, axially displaced fractures of the fourth metatarsal bone, minimising perioperative complications but not excluding long‐term postoperative complications.
Dynamic evaluation of pathological changes in a mouse acne model by optical imaging technology
Authors: Li Dongying , Sun Yanan , Ren Xing , Zhou Na , Li Lu , He Gaiying , Ma Shuhua , Wang Yi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcne vulgaris is a disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that is primarily caused by hyperseborrhoea, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes, hyperkeratosis and an inflammatory response. Existing pharmacodynamic assessment methods primarily focus on a single causative factor at a certain time point, making it difficult to assess multiple factors simultaneously in real time. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a dynamic and nondestructive method for the assessment of acne in vivo. This study utilized four‐dimensional optical imaging techniques to assess the pathogenic factors and pathological progression of acne. LSCI was employed to measure blood flow; TPEF was used to observe inflammatory changes (NAD(P)H) in epidermal granular layer cells and structural changes in collagen fibres in the dermal layer. Additionally, the dermatoscope was used to investigate the micro‐characterization of the lesions. We observed that the epidermis in the lesion area was thickened, hair follicles were keratinized, and there was obvious inflammation and blood flow aggregation by optical imaging technology. Based on these findings, the pathological progression of this acne model could be divided into the inflammation phase, accompanied by bacterial colonization, and the reparative phase. These results provide a new perspective for the assessment of acne and offer an experimental basis for the selection of precise drugs for clinical use.
Some like it salty: Spatio‐temporal dynamics of salinity differentially affect anurans and caudates in coastal wetlands
Authors: Lorrain‐Soligon Léa , Robin Frédéric , Barbraud Christophe , Brischoux François 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Coastal wetlands are naturally subjected to salinity, which is expected to increase through global climate changes. Most species will be affected by these changes, leading to major consequences for community structure and ecosystem functioning.

We investigated variation of salinity of temporary wetlands across spatial (1,000 m from the ocean) and temporal (across three breeding season) scales relevant to coastal biodiversity and used amphibians (six species, sampled across one breeding season) as a model to investigate the consequences of the spatio‐temporal variation of salinity in 24 ponds situated on the Atlantic coast of France.

We show that salinity is a highly dynamic environmental variable that varies widely both across spatial and temporal scales. The spatio‐temporal dynamics of salinity are a critical factor structuring amphibian communities that affect the main amphibian phylogenetic groups (caudates vs. anurans) differently. Temporal variation in salinity disrupts the match between salinity selected by reproductive adults and those experienced later by their developing offspring, which negatively affect reproductive success.

Future changes in coastal salinity are likely to affect the structure and functioning of these ecosystems, excluding salt‐intolerant species and eventually leading to less diverse communities of salt‐tolerant species.