bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGEs promote atherosclerosis by increasing LDL transcytosis across endothelial cells via RAGE/NF-κB/Caveolin-1 pathway
Authors: Shu Meng , Cheng Wenzhuo , Jia Xiong , Bai Xiangli , Zhao Ying , Lu Yajing , Zhu Lin , Zhu Yan , Wang Li , Shu Yan , Song Yi , Jin Si 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To elucidate the mechanism whereby advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accelerate atherosclerosis (AS) and to explore novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods and results
The effect of AGEs on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transcytosis across endothelial cells (ECs) was assessed using an in vitro model of LDL transcytosis. We observed that AGEs activated the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) on the surface of ECs and consequently upregulated Caveolin-1, which in turn increased caveolae-mediated LDL transcytosis and accelerated AS progression. Our molecular assessment revealed that AGEs activate the RAGE-NF-κB signaling, which then recruits the NF-κB subunit p65 to the RAGE promoter and consequently enhances RAGE transcription, thereby forming a positive feedback loop between the NF-κB signaling and RAGE expression. Increased NF-κB signaling ultimately upregulated Caveolin-1, promoting LDL transcytosis, and inhibition of RAGE suppressed AGE-induced LDL transcytosis. In ApoE−/− mice on a high-fat diet, atherosclerotic plaque formation was accelerated by AGEs but suppressed by EC-specific knockdown of RAGE.

Conclusion
AGEs accelerate the development of diabetes-related AS by increasing the LDL transcytosis in ECs through the activation of the RAGE/NF-κB/Caveolin-1 axis, which may be targeted to prevent or treat diabetic macrovascular complications.
Shining the spotlight on the neglected: new high-quality genome assemblies as a gateway to understanding the evolution of Trypanosomatidae
Authors: Albanaz Amanda T. S. , Carrington Mark , Frolov Alexander O. , Ganyukova Anna I. , Gerasimov Evgeny S. , Kostygov Alexei Y. , Lukeš Julius , Malysheva Marina N. , Votýpka Jan , Zakharova Alexandra , Záhonová Kristína , Zimmer Sara L. , Yurchenko Vyacheslav , Butenko Anzhelika 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Protists of the family Trypanosomatidae (phylum Euglenozoa) have gained notoriety as parasites affecting humans, domestic animals, and agricultural plants. However, the true extent of the group's diversity spreads far beyond the medically and veterinary relevant species. We address several knowledge gaps in trypanosomatid research by undertaking sequencing, assembly, and analysis of genomes from previously overlooked representatives of this protistan group.

Results
We assembled genomes for twenty-one trypanosomatid species, with a primary focus on insect parasites and Trypanosoma spp. parasitizing non-human hosts. The assemblies exhibit sizes consistent with previously sequenced trypanosomatid genomes, ranging from approximately 18 Mb for Obscuromonas modryi to 35 Mb for Crithidia brevicula and Zelonia costaricensis. Despite being the smallest, the genome of O. modryi has the highest content of repetitive elements, contributing nearly half of its total size. Conversely, the highest proportion of unique DNA is found in the genomes of Wallacemonas spp., with repeats accounting for less than 8% of the assembly length. The majority of examined species exhibit varying degrees of aneuploidy, with trisomy being the most frequently observed condition after disomy.

Conclusions
The genome of Obscuromonas modryi represents a very unusual, if not unique, example of evolution driven by two antidromous forces: i) increasing dependence on the host leading to genomic shrinkage and ii) expansion of repeats causing genome enlargement. The observed variation in somy within and between trypanosomatid genera suggests that these flagellates are largely predisposed to aneuploidy and, apparently, exploit it to gain a fitness advantage. High heterogeneity in the genome size, repeat content, and variation in chromosome copy numbers in the newly-sequenced species highlight the remarkable genome plasticity exhibited by trypanosomatid flagellates. These new genome assemblies are a robust foundation for future research on the genetic basis of life cycle changes and adaptation to different hosts in the family Trypanosomatidae.
The general attributes and competence for nurses in a single responder unit: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Tikkanen Viivi , Arsic Marija , Henricson Maria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to describe the general attributes and competence that nurses in the ambulance’s single responder units are considered to need.

Background
The development of ambulance care has led to an increased need for new units and working methods. Single responder unit is a single crewed unit that often uses for the patient assessments, to refer patients to the right level of care and to release regular ambulances. There is a lack of description of the needed competence for the nurses within single responder unit.

Methods
Modified Delphi with three rounds was used. The first round was conducted with focus group interviews and analysed with content analysis. Five competence categories and 19 subcategories were identified. The second and third rounds were conducted through surveys using a 4-point Likert scale and analysed with descriptive statistics.

Results
The ability to communicate with other healthcare providers to achieve one’s goal, the ability to create a good encounter alone and to have appropriate professional experience were identified as the most important general attributes and competencies.

Conclusions
A central competence in prehospital emergency care is the ability to independently assess and treat patients with varying care needs in complex environments. To be able to work in SRU requires good communication and collaborations skills with other healthcare providers but it is also a prerequisite for creating a good patient relationship. Work experience of taking care of varying patients and situations is also needed in SRU.
Development of a tool to assess environmental factors to support home care – a Delphi study
Authors: Schorderet Chloé , Bastiaenen Caroline H.G. , de Bie Robert A. , Maréchal Marc , Vuilleumier Noémie , Allet Lara 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Living in an adequate environment suited to one’s abilities and needs is an essential condition to function in daily life. However, no complete tool currently exists to provide a rapid overview of a person’s environment, both material (accommodation and auxiliary means) and social (entourage and available services). Our aim was to develop a tool to identify potentially problematic environmental factors and to determine when an in-depth assessment is necessary.

Methods
Health professionals experienced in home-based treatment participated in a three-round Delphi process. The first round aimed to define which items the tool should contain, the second to collect participants’ opinions on a first version of the tool, and the third to collect the participants’ opinions on the adapted version of the tool.

Results
A total of 29 people participated in the first round, 21 in the second and 18 in the third. The final tool contains 205 items divided into four categories (basic information about the inhabitant and their home, inhabitant’s level of independence and autonomy, home, tools and means at the inhabitant’s disposition) and two annexes (stairs to access to the home, internal staircase to the dwelling).

Conclusions
A complete tool allowing professionals working in patients’ homes to obtain an overview of the environmental factors that could represent obstacles to the independence of the inhabitant, or to the possibility of providing quality care could be developed. This tool is very complete but relatively long. To facilitate its usability, it would be relevant that a digital version to focus on individual relevant categories be elaborated.
A framework for elderly participation in Primary Health Care in Tabriz Health complexes
Authors: Najafi Mahdieh , Gholipour Kamal , Amerzadeh Mohammad , Kiaei Mohammad Zakaria , Kalhor Rohollah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
A framework for increasing elderly participation in Primary Health Care (PHC) is a vital issue considering the growing population. After examining the situation and elderly participation in the provision of PHC in the health complexes of Tabriz City, the present study presents the framework of elderly participation in PHC.

Methods
This is a mixed-method study. First, we reviewed the models of elderly participation in PHC worldwide using a comprehensive search of literature. Then, we extracted the service providers’ and the elderly's views regarding the obstacles and solutions for the elderly participation in PHC in Iran using the interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). We conducted three FGDs (8–10 people) and seven individual interviews. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. We developed the proposed framework for the participation of the elderly in PHC using a panel of experts and checked and confirmed the framework's validity using the Delphi technique with 11 experts from the content validity index and modified kappa coefficient.

Results
Based on the result of included studies in the systematic review, the characteristics of the participation models were classified into five areas: the characteristics of the service user, the main facilitator of the intervention, the type of ownership of the center, the subject and the method of participation. The solutions and obstacles, and problems presented by the service providers and users in different areas include 12 themes (elderly participation, home care, and self-care, respect for the elderly, cooperation of different organizations, service package for the elderly, referral system, planning for the elderly, considering insurance for the elderly, the role of informing the elderly, mental health of the elderly, physical space of centers and training of elderly caregivers) and 46 sub-themes. The final framework also includes five themes (approaches and strategies to attract participation, indicators, and consequences of participation of the elderly, implementation strategies of elderly care, implementation infrastructure and goals and areas of participation of the elderly) and sub-themes.

Conclusion
The results of the study indicate that the final framework obtained should be used based on a systematic model for elderly participation in PHC and should be implemented and followed up based on local strategies and specific indicators, considering all capacities.
Clinical characteristics of severe influenza virus-associated pneumonia complicated with bacterial infection in children: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Wang Qiong-yu , Yuan Lin , Lin Jia-yi , Zhuo Zhi-qiang , Wang Yong-mei , Li Si-si , Zhang Min , Wu Xing-dong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of severe influenza virus-associated pneumonia complicated with bacterial infection in children.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed data concerning 64 paediatric patients with severe influenza virus-associated pneumonia who had been treated at our hospital. The patients were divided into observation (44 patients) and control (20 patients) groups, based on the presence or absence of concomitant bacterial infection, and clinical data were compared between the groups.

Results
The mean age in the observation group was 2.71 ± 1.44 years, 42 (95.45%) were aged ≤ 5 years, and 18 (40.9%) had underlying diseases. The mean age in the control group was 4.05 ± 2.21 years, 13 (65%) were aged ≤ 5 years, and 3 (15%) had underlying diseases. There was a statistically significant difference in patient age and the proportion of patients with underlying diseases (P < 0.05). The observation group had higher duration of fever values, a higher number of patients with duration of fever ≥ 7 days, a higher incidence of gasping, and a higher incidence of seizures/consciousness disturbance, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Secondary bacterial infections in the observation group were mainly due to gram-negative bacteria, with Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis being the most common pathogens. The observation group had a higher proportion of patients treated in the paediatric intensive care unit and a longer hospital stay, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Severe influenza virus-associated pneumonia complicated with bacterial infection was more common in children aged ≤ 5 years. Younger patients with underlying diseases were more susceptible to bacterial infection (mainly due to gram-negative bacteria). The timely administration of neuraminidase inhibitors and antibiotics against susceptible bacteria is likely to help improve cure rates.
The effect of interpersonal relationship and epidemic attention on negative emotion among medical students: the mediating role of social satisfaction
Authors: Chen Xiaoxue , Huang Binxin , Lin Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Individuals are required to avoid close contact to reduce the probability of contracting the virus during the epidemics, which can lead to social isolation and exacerbate interpersonal relationship issues. Social satisfaction plays a crucial role in management in the period of pandemics and is strongly correlated with negative emotion. Medical students, as a special group of students, have a heavier burden of academic workload and greater pressure. They are also more likely to have access to epidemic information, which increases their susceptibility to negative emotions such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact and mechanisms among interpersonal, epidemic attention, social satisfaction, and negative emotions during the epidemics outbreak among medical students for improving the level of mental health in the post-epidemic era.

Methods
A total of 1,451 university students were included in this study. Self-administered questionnaires, including the Comprehensive Interpersonal Relationship Diagnostic Scale, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and the Self-Rating Depression Scale, were utilized to construct structural equations to examine the mediating effects of social satisfaction. The study employed a multi-stage whole-group sampling approach for university students.

Results
Interpersonal relationships and epidemic attention positively predicted negative emotion levels. Interpersonal relationships negatively predicted social satisfaction, while epidemic attention positively predicted social satisfaction. Moreover, social satisfaction negatively predicted negative emotion levels. Notably, both interpersonal relationships and epidemic attention indirectly affected negative emotions through the mediating effect of social satisfaction.

Conclusions
Social satisfaction plays a mediating role in the effect of interpersonal relationships and epidemic attention on negative emotion. In the post-epidemic era, it is crucial to enhance support from family, school and society to improve social satisfaction of medical students. Immediate identification of negative emotions is essential, and targeted strategies should be developed to address mental health issues among medical students.
Medium-term outcome of the Libra® cemented versus cementless stems in primary dual mobility total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ebied Ayman , Ebied Ahmed Ali , Badr Ismail , Affara Mostafa , Marei Sameh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Despite the increasing use of cementless stems in total hip arthroplasty, the cemented stem has played a valuable role in the armamentarium of orthopedic surgeons. This study aims to compare two types of Libra® stems SERF, one cemented (Libra® C) and the other cementless hydroxyapatite coated (Libra® HA) that were conducted to analyze the medium-term outcome regarding their behavior and longevity.

Methods
This is a retrospective study for patients who received primary total hip arthroplasty with Dual Mobility (DM) articulation in the period between January 2014 to January 2020 with a minimum of two years follow-up. Two-hundred hips have been identified in 196 patients. One hundred forty-three Libra® cementless versus fifty-seven Libra cemented stems were implanted and the outcome of these stems is reported. All procedures were performed through the posterior approach and cemented stems were selected for elderly patients with wide medullary canals Dorr Type C. The indications for the index procedure were fractures, avascular necrosis, rheumatoid, and osteoarthritis. One hundred thirty-nine cementless DM cups were used while sixty-one hips had cemented Novae stick cups. Radiological evaluation for cup and stem positions, cement mantle, and radiolucent lines was performed, besides clinical function using the Harris Hip Score.

Results
The average age of patients was 60 ± 14.8. At the latest review, none of the cemented stems was revised or awaiting revision. One cementless stem was revised because of cortical perforation. Five intraoperative fractures were observed in the cementless group, but none of them needed revision or affected the stem stability. Readmission to theatre occurred in four patients to evacuate hematoma in two, a reduction of dislocation in one, and grafting bone lysis in one.

Conclusion
Cemented stems have an important role in osteoporotic patients with wide medullary canals with excellent outcomes and minimal risk of fracture.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Testicular salvageability and its predictors among patients with testicular torsion in a resource limited setting: a multicentre longitudinal study
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Abdullahi , Abraha Demoz , Olasinde Anthoney Ayotunde , Kiswezi Ahmed , Molen Selamo Fabrice , Muhumuza Joshua , Lule Herman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Testicular torsion refers to ischemia of the testicle due to twisting or rotation of the vessels supplying the testes. It is a urologic emergency requiring a high index of clinical suspicion and prompt surgical intervention with management aimed at avoiding testicular loss and resulting infertility. This paper gives an update on the current situation regarding this topic in low-income settings. The aim of this study was to determine testicular salvageability and its predictors amongst patients with testicular torsion at two tertiary African hospitals.

Methods
This was a hospital-based multicentre longitudinal study at two tertiary hospitals in western Uganda. Patients with acute scrotum were enrolled and evaluated for testicular torsion. Those with confirmed testicular torsion underwent surgery and salvageability was reported as the primary outcome. Predictors for testicular salvageability were determined using backward binary logistic regression in SPSS version 22.

Results
During the study period, 232 patients with acute scrotum were enrolled. The mean age was 35.3 (SD = 20.4) years. Forty-one (17.7%) patients had testicular torsion. Only 16 (39.0%) of patients with torsion had viable testes that were salvageable. Orchiectomy was performed on 25 patients (61.0%). At multivariate analysis, a patient who presented after 48 h from the onset of symptoms was 34.833 times more likely to have orchiectomy compared to one who presented within 12 h [AOR = 34.833, (95% CI = 5.020-60.711), P < 0.001].

Conclusion
In this study, the testicular salvage rate was low. The only predictor of salvageability was the time from the onset of symptoms to presentation. All males should be sensitized about the clinical features of testicular torsion to ensure early presentation to increase salvage rates.
Is single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) dependent on the location of the tumor?
Authors: Seo Ji Won , Park Ki Bum , Chin Hyung Min , Jun Kyong-Hwa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
We compared the surgical outcomes of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).

Methods
We performed single-incision gastric wedge resection on prospectively-enrolled 15 consecutive patients with gastric GIST between November 2020 and April 2022 in a single tertiary center. The early perioperative outcomes of these patients were compared to those of patients who underwent CLS. The indications did not differ from those for conventional laparoscopic procedures for gastric GIST.

Results
In total, 30 patients were assigned to the SILS (n = 15) and CLS (n = 15) groups. There were no significant differences in the estimated blood loss and intraoperative blood transfusion between the SILS and CLS groups. There were no intraoperative complications or conversions to multiple-port or open surgery in the SILS group. Proximally located tumors were more commonly treated with CLS than with SILS (P = 0.045). GISTs located in the greater curvature were more commonly treated with SILS than with CLS, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). The mean incision length in the SILS group was 4.1 cm shorter than that in the CLS group (3.2 ± 0.7 and 7.3 ± 5.2 cm, respectively, P = 0.01). The postoperative analgesic dose was significantly lower in the SILS than in the CLS group (0.4 ± 1.4 and 2.1 ± 2.3, respectively P = 0.01). Also, the duration of postoperative use of analgesic was shorter in SILS than in CLS (0.4 ± 0.7 and 2.0 ± 1.8, respectively, P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the early postoperative complications between the groups.

Conclusions
SILS is as safe, feasible, and effective for the treatment of gastric GIST as CLS with comparable postoperative complications, pain, and cosmesis. Moreover, SILS can be considered without being affected by the type or location of the tumor.
Perspectives of agriculture, nutrition and health researchers regarding research governance in Malawi. Using a leadership, ethics, governance and systems framework
Authors: Matandika Limbanazo , Millar Kate , Umar Eric , Mfutso-Bengo Joseph 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Research ethics is intertwined with and depends on building robust and responsive research governance systems alongside researchers. Globally there has been substantial investment in agriculture, nutrition, and health (ANH) research motivated by the need to improve health outcomes, such as micronutrient deficiencies in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although there has been a notable focus on ethical issues inherent in ANH studies, there has been scanty research examining researchers’ attitudes related to ANH research. This study was conducted to explore the perspectives of researchers who conducted an agronomic biofortification study in Malawi.

Methodology
In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of ten ANH researchers. Interviews were conducted online via Zoom, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed using the Leadership, Ethics, Governance and Systems Framework.

Results
Four core aspects emerged: Leadership: The relevance of building ethics leadership and ethical competence among researchers. Ethics: There is a need to develop a framework that operationalises core ethical values that can guide the implementation of ANH research. Governance: Research guidelines were perceived to be too generic to guide ANH research. Systems: Researchers’ recommended the establishment of a specialised ANH research ethics committee.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the significance of building ethics leadership and supporting ethical competency amongst researchers. Researchers recommended the development of tailored approaches rather than utilising generic governance systems and frameworks that are drawn from medical research and thus not fit for purpose in this field. In Malawi, specialised ethics review committees are needed to guide ANH research.