bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Carbon Dots Appended with Barbituric Acid for the Recognition of ATP in Living Plants in Aqueous Media: The Organic Precursor Sensing the Bisulfate Anion in Real Samples
Authors: Jindal Gitanjali , Kaur Navneet 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFabrication of fluorescent water‐soluble citric acid‐urea based carbon dots have been done using an organic pioneer possessing barbituric acid for the recognition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The carbon dots has been characterized through various techniques, such as, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV‐visible (UV‐vis), and Fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy. The emissive nature of carbon dots made them worthwhile for the detection of ATP in different plant samples, for instance, curry leaves, coriander, tulsi and jasmine flower leaves. Also, the barbituric acid precursor (1) has been successfully applied for the detection of bisulfate anion in real samples with good recovery. The absorption responses for bisulfate ion permitted it to be used as effective colorimetric sensor in water and the color changes have been scrutinized using smartphone application.
Microwave‐Assisted Silver‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Biaryl Compounds
Authors: Bharodiya Akshay , Desai Bhargav , Patil Rachit S. , Bhukya Hussain , Sivaiah Areti , Naveen Togati 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA rapid, ligand/oxidant/base‐free, silver carbonate‐catalyzed homocoupling reaction of aryl boronic acids under microwave irradiation for the synthesis of symmetric biaryls is described here. This protocol tolerates a wide range of electron‐donating, electron‐withdrawing, and heterocyclic boronic acids to provide the corresponding biaryl products in good to excellent yields. The features of this strategy include a wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, high functional group tolerance, good to excellent yields, and short reaction time.
Effect of Heterostructure‐Modified Separator in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Pu Jun , Wang Tao , Tan Yun , Fan Shanshan , Xue Pan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high energy density and low cost are the most promising competitor in the next generation of new energy reserve devices. However, there are still many problems that hinder its commercialization, mainly including shuttle of soluble polysulfides, slow reaction kinetics, and growth of Li dendrites. In order to solve above issues, various explorations have been carried out for various configurations, such as electrodes, separators, and electrolytes. Among them, the separator in contact with both anode and cathode is in a particularly special position. Reasonable design‐modified material of separator can solve above key problems. Heterostructure engineering as a promising modification method can combine characteristics of different materials to generate synergistic effect at heterogeneous interface that is conducive to Li–S electrochemical behavior. This review not only elaborates the role of heterostructure‐modified separators in dealing with above problems, but also analyzes the improvement of wettability and thermal stability of separators by modification of heterostructure materials, systematically clarifies its advantages, and summarizes some related progress in recent years. Finally, future development direction of heterostructure‐based separator in Li–S batteries is given.
Functional Tailoring of Multi‐Dimensional Pure MXene Nanostructures for Significantly Accelerated Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Zeng Xiaojun , Zhao Chao , Jiang Xiao , Yu Ronghai , Che Renchao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransition metal carbide (Ti3C2Tx MXene), with a large specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups, is a promising candidate in the family of electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. However, the high conductivity of MXene limits its EMW absorption ability, so it remains a challenge to obtain outstanding EMW attenuation ability in pure MXene. Herein, by integrating HF etching, KOH shearing, and high‐temperature molten salt strategies, layered MXene (L‐MXene), network‐like MXene nanoribbons (N‐MXene NRs), porous MXene monolayer (P‐MXene ML), and porous MXene layer (P‐MXene L) are rationally constructed with favorable microstructures and surface states for EMW absorption. HF, KOH, and KCl/LiCl are used to functionalize MXene to tune its microstructure and surface state (F−, OH−, and Cl− terminals), thereby improving the EMW absorption capacity of MXene‐based nanostructures. Impressively, with the unique structure, proper electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and abundant porous defects, MXene‐based nanostructures achieve good impedance matching, dipole polarization, and conduction loss, thus inheriting excellent EMW absorption performance. Consequently, L‐MXene, N‐MXene NRs, P‐MXene ML, and P‐MXene L enable a reflection loss (RL) value of −43.14, −63.01, −60.45, and −56.50 dB with a matching thickness of 0.95, 1.51, 3.83, and 4.65 mm, respectively.
Characterization of Ozonated Pearl Millet and Sorghum Starches: Pasting Profile, Functional Properties, In Vitro‐Digestibility, Molecular Interactions, and Morphology
Authors: Thakur Kavita , Sharma Savita , Sharma Rajan , Bhardwaj Ruchika , Sohu Rabinder Singh , Singh Baljit 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present research is undertaken to study the effect of ozonation on isolated pearl millet starch (PMS) and sorghum starch (SS), at various concentrations (0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 L min−1) for 60 minutes. The ozonated starches is evaluated for the techno‐functional properties, in vitro starch digestibility, pasting properties, morphological characteristics, X‐ray diffraction, and FTIR interactions. Functional properties such as water and oil absorption capacity and solubility, paste clarity (PC), gel consistency (GC), and freeze‐thawing stability (FTS) increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). However, swelling power (SP) increased for all treatments with rise in temperature but a reverse trend is observed with an increase in ozone treatment. Although, reduction in vitro starch digestibility (IVSD) for treated PMS i.e. 44.59 to 29.20 g 100 g−1 maltose and 30.80–28.76 g 100 g−1 maltose for SS is observed. Slight difference is observed for the color values is observed. Higher values of peak and final viscosity whereas, lower breakdown viscosity, and setback viscosity are observed for all treatments. The crystalline pattern of PMS and SS remained unaffected with ozone treatment, whereas relative crystallinity (RC) decreased with ozone treatment. SEM images confirmed indentations, and enlargement of surface pores for ozonated starches. While, FTIR spectroscopy revealed a slight decrease in the peak intensity.
Infinite Horizon Optimal Control for a General Class of Semilinear Parabolic Equations
Authors: Casas Eduardo , Kunisch Karl 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA class of infinite horizon optimal control problems subject to semilinear parabolic equations is investigated. First and second order optimality conditions are obtained, in the presence of constraints on the controls, which can be either pointwise in space-time, or pointwise in time and $$L^2$$

L
2

in space. These results rely on a new $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

estimate for nonlinear parabolic equations in an essential manner.
Environmental effects of a management method used after fire on development of temperate Scots pine ecosystem: a 15-year study from Poland
Authors: Sewerniak Piotr , Markiewicz Maciej , Tarnawska Patrycja , Wójcik Marta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to the ongoing climate changes, temperate forests are increasingly exposed to fires. However, until now the functioning of post-fire temperate forest ecosystems with regard to used forest management method has been weakly recognized. Here, we examined three variants of forest restoration after fire (two variants of natural regeneration with no soil preparation—NR, and artificial restoration by planting following soil preparation—AR) regarding their environmental consequences in development of post-fire Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) ecosystem. The study was conducted using a 15-year timespan in a long-term research site located in the Cierpiszewo area (N Poland) being one of the biggest post-fire grounds in European temperate forests in last decades. We focused on soil and microclimatic variables as well as on growth dynamics of post-fire pines generation. We found that the restoration rates of soil organic matter, carbon and most studied nutritional elements stocks were higher in NR plots than in AR. This could be primarily linked to the higher (p < 0.05) density of pines in naturally regenerated plots, and the subsequent faster organic horizon reconstruction after fire. The difference in tree density also involved regular differences in air and soil temperature among plots: consistently higher in AR than in both NR plots. In turn, lower water uptake by trees in AR implied that soil moisture was constantly the highest in this plot. Our study delivers strong arguments to pay more attention to restore post-fire forest areas with the use of natural regeneration with no soil preparation.
Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Patients with Endometrial Cancer vs. Healthy Controls Based on 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Geng , Gong Runqi , Xi Yong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetabolic diseases like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are considered major risk factors associated with endometrial cancer. Considering that an imbalance in the gut microbiome may lead to metabolic alterations, we hypothesized that alteration in the gut microbioma might be an indirect factor in the development of endometrial cancer. Our aim was to profile the gut microbiota of patients with endometrial cancer compared with healthy controls in this study. Thus, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput gene sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform to profile microbial communities. Fecal samples were collected from 33 endometrial cancer patients (EC group) and 32 healthy controls (N group) between February 2021 and July 2021. The total numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the N and EC groups were 28,537 and 18,465, respectively, while the number of OTUs shared by the two groups was 4771. This study was the first to report that the alpha diversity of the gut microbiota was significantly reduced in endometrial cancer patients vs. healthy controls. Also, there was a significant difference in the distribution of microbiome between the two groups: the abundance of Firmicutes, Clostridia, Clostridiales, Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, and Gemmiger_formicis decreased, while that of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae and Shigella increased significantly in the EC group vs. healthy controls (all p < 0.05). The predominant intestinal microbiota of the endometrial cancer patients was Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, and Shigella. These results imply that adjusting the composition of the gut microbiota and maintaining microbiota homeostasis may be an effective strategy for preventing and treating endometrial cancer.
Efficacy, durability, and safety of faricimab in patients from Asian countries with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 1-Year subgroup analysis of the TENAYA and LUCERNE trials
Authors: Takahashi Kanji , Cheung Chui Ming Gemmy , Iida Tomohiro , Lai Timothy Y. Y. , Ohji Masahito , Yanagi Yasuo , Kawano Mika , Ohsawa Shino , Suzuki Tomoyuki , Kotecha Aachal , Lin Hugh , Patel Vaibhavi , Swaminathan Balakumar , Lee Won Ki ,   On behalf of the TENAYA, LUCERNE Investigators
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate 1-year efficacy, durability, and safety of faricimab among patients from Asian countries in the TENAYA/LUCERNE trials of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods
Treatment-naïve patients with nAMD were randomly assigned (1:1) to faricimab 6.0 mg up to every 16 weeks (Q16W), based on disease activity at weeks 20 and 24, or aflibercept 2.0 mg Q8W. The primary endpoint was change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline averaged over weeks 40, 44, and 48.

Results
In the pooled TENAYA/LUCERNE trials, there were 120 (9.0%) and 1209 (91.0%) patients in the Asian (faricimab n = 61; aflibercept n = 59) and non-Asian country (faricimab n = 604; aflibercept n = 605) subgroups, respectively. In the Asian country subgroup, mean BCVA change from baseline at the primary endpoint visits was 7.1 (95% CI, 4.3–9.8) letters with faricimab and 7.2 (4.4–10.0) letters with aflibercept. In non-Asian country patients, mean vision gains were 6.1 (5.2–7.1) and 5.7 (4.8–6.7) letters with faricimab and aflibercept, respectively. At week 48, 59.6% of Asian country patients in the faricimab group achieved Q16W dosing (vs. 43.9% non-Asian) and 91.2% achieved ≥ Q12W dosing (vs. 77.5% non-Asian). Central subfield thickness reductions were similar between the subgroups, with meaningful and similar reductions from baseline observed at the primary endpoint visits and over time. Faricimab was well tolerated in both subgroups, with an acceptable safety profile.

Conclusion
Consistent with the global TENAYA/LUCERNE findings, faricimab up to Q16W showed sustained visual and anatomical benefits in patients with nAMD from Asian and non-Asian countries.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03823287 (TENAYA); NCT03823300 (LUCERNE). Date of registration: January 30, 2019.
A randomised trial to assess fluid and electrolyte balance responses following ingestion of different beverages in young and older men
Authors: Rodriguez-Sanchez Nidia , Galloway Stuart D. R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Older adults are susceptible to dehydration and fluid overload due to a reduced ability to maintain homeostatic control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

Purpose
To assess fluid and electrolyte balance responses in young and older men following ingestion of commonly consumed beverages differing in composition.

Methods
12 young and 11 older men were recruited. Euhydrated body mass was recorded. Participants consumed 1L (250 ml every 15 min) of water, fruit juice, a sports drink or low-fat milk in a randomized cross-over design. Urine and blood samples were obtained before and after the drinking period and every hour thereafter for 3-h. Samples were used to determine osmolality, electrolytes (Na+ and K+), water clearance, and glomerular filtration rate.

Results
Free water clearance was significantly higher in Young than Older at 1 and 2 h after the ingestion of W and S (p < 0.05). Net Na+ and K+ balance were not different between Young and Older (p = 0.91 and p = 0.65) adults, respectively. At 3 h Na+ balance was negative after ingesting water and fruit juice, but neutral after sport drink and milk. Net K+ balance was neutral at 3 h after ingesting milk, but negative after water, fruit juice and sport drink.

Conclusions
Milk was retained longer than other beverages in Young, but not in Older, despite similar net electrolyte balance responses. Older had higher fluid retention in the first 2 h after the ingestion of all beverages, except for milk when compared to Young, indicating an age-related loss of ability to regulate fluid balance under current study conditions.
Balancing nitrate acquisition strategies in symbiotic legumes
Authors: Rahmat Zainab , Sohail Muhammad N. , Perrine-Walker Francine , Kaiser Brent N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Main conclusion
Legumes manage both symbiotic (indirect) and non-symbiotic (direct) nitrogen acquisition pathways. Understanding and optimising the direct pathway for nitrate uptake will support greater legume growth and seed yields.

Abstract
Legumes have multiple pathways to acquire reduced nitrogen to grow and set seed. Apart from the symbiotic N2-fixation pathway involving soil-borne rhizobia bacteria, the acquisition of nitrate and ammonia from the soil can also be an important secondary nitrogen source to meet plant N demand. The balance in N delivery between symbiotic N (indirect) and inorganic N uptake (direct) remains less clear over the growing cycle and with the type of legume under cultivation. In fertile, pH balanced agricultural soils, NO3− is often the predominant form of reduced N available to crop plants and will be a major contributor to whole plant N supply if provided at sufficient levels. The transport processes for NO3− uptake into legume root cells and its transport between root and shoot tissues involves both high and low-affinity transport systems called HATS and LATS, respectively. These proteins are regulated by external NO3− availability and by the N status of the cell. Other proteins also play a role in NO3− transport, including the voltage dependent chloride/nitrate channel family (CLC) and the S-type anion channels of the SLAC/SLAH family. CLC’s are linked to NO3− transport across the tonoplast of vacuoles and the SLAC/SLAH’s with NO3− efflux across the plasma membrane and out of the cell. An important step in managing the N requirements of a plant are the mechanisms involved in root N uptake and the subsequent cellular distribution within the plant. In this review, we will present the current knowledge of these proteins and what is understood on how they function in key model legumes (Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and Glycine sp.). The review will examine their regulation and role in N signalling, discuss how post-translational modification affects NO3− transport in roots and aerial tissues and its translocation to vegetative tissues and storage/remobilization in reproductive tissues. Lastly, we will present how NO3−influences the autoregulation of nodulation and nitrogen fixation and its role in mitigating salt and other abiotic stresses.
Physicians’ perspectives on family caregivers’ roles in elderly cancer patients’ therapies: a qualitative, interview-based study
Authors: Heidenreich Andreas , Elsner Susanne , Wörler Frank , Hübner Joachim , Schües Christina , Rehmann-Sutter Christoph , Katalinic Alexander , Gieseler Frank 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Clinical communication and facilitating informed and sound medical decisions become challenging as patients age and suffer from age-associated impairments. Family caregivers are perceived as essential actors in addressing these challenges. Here, we explore physicians’ perspectives on family caregivers’ roles and their involvement in consultations and therapy decision-making situations of elderly cancer patients.

Methods
We examined 38 semi-structured interviews with physicians from different specialities (oncologists, non-oncology specialists, and general practitioners) in Germany who treated elderly cancer patients. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
We identified five general and distinct perspectives on the involvement of family caregivers in the therapy process. Family caregivers are seen as (1) translators of medical information; (2) providers of support for the patient; (3) providers of information about the patient; (4) stakeholders with relevant points of view regarding the treatment decision; or (5) individuals who have a disruptive influence on the consultation. The interviewed physicians rarely involved family caregivers closely in consultations.

Conclusions
Although physicians frequently attribute supportive roles to family caregivers, they rarely include them in consultations. Previous studies have found that a triadic setting is often better suited to agreeing upon a patient-centered and needs-based treatment decision for older cancer patients. We infer that physicians too rarely recognize the potential importance of family caregivers. Educators should further integrate family caregiver involvement and its implications in general medical education and professional training.
Surgical treatment of craniocervical instability: comparison of two constructs regarding clinical and radiological outcomes of 100 patients
Authors: Ismail Mohammed Ahmed , Boehm Heinrich , El Ghait Hussein Abou , Akar Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is an increased demand for surgical solutions to treat craniocervical instability. This retrospective study demonstrates the clinical and radiological outcomes of unstable craniocervical junction treated with occipitocervical fusion.

Material and methods
The mean age of 52 females and 48 males was 56.89 years. The clinical and radiological outcomes were assessed, including NDI, VAS, ASIA score, imaging, complications and bony fusion in two used constructs: a modern occipital plate–rod–screw system (n = 59) and previous bilateral contoured titanium reconstruction plates–screws (n = 41).

Results
Clinically and on imaging, patients presented with neck pain, myelopathy, radiculopathy, vascular symptoms and craniocervical instability. The mean follow-up was 6.47 years. A solid bony fusion was achieved in 93.81% of the patients. The NDI and the VAS improved significantly from 28.3 and 7.67 at the presentation to 16.2 and 3.47 at the final follow-up. The anterior and posterior atlantodental interval (AADI and PADI), the clivus canal angle (CCA), the occipitoaxial angle (OC2A) and the posterior occipitocervical angle (POCA) improved significantly. Six patients required early revision.

Conclusion
Occipitocervical fusion can yield excellent results regarding clinical improvement and long-term stability with a high fusion rate. Simple reconstruction plates, though more demanding surgically, achieve similar results. Preserving a neutral patient’s position for fixation avoids postoperative dysphagia and may help prevent adjacent segment disease development.
Risk-based supervisory control for autonomous ship navigation
Authors: Blindheim Simon , Johansen Tor Arne , Utne Ingrid Bouwer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel method to transform the results of qualitative risk analysis into a numeric optimal control problem for autonomous ship navigation. Today, making autonomous high-level decisions replacing a crew onboard is considered difficult, in some part due to the complexity of managing the operational risks involved. Although human supervisors, e.g., located in remote operating control centers are still needed for safety and liability reasons, there is a growing demand for complex decisions to be made by the onboard control system itself, both during normal operations and in emergencies. This paper suggests general principles for how the results from systems-theoretic process analysis (STPA) can be transformed into a quantitative and computationally tractable optimization problem, solved by a MPC-based decision-making algorithm for autonomous navigation. The proposed method is demonstrated and evaluated by simulating an autonomous ship navigating in a coastal environment. It is concluded that the proposed method may serve as a reasonable and valuable bridge between the realms of qualitative risk analysis and numerical optimal control for risk-aware autonomous control and decision-making.
High-Order Lohner-Type Algorithm for Rigorous Computation of Poincaré Maps in Systems of Delay Differential Equations with Several Delays
Authors: Szczelina Robert , Zgliczyński Piotr 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present a Lohner-type algorithm for rigorous integration of systems of delay differential equations (DDEs) with multiple delays, and its application in computation of Poincaré maps, to study the dynamics of some bounded, eternal solutions. The algorithm is based on a piecewise Taylor representation of the solutions in the phase space, and it exploits the smoothing of solutions occurring in DDEs to produce enclosures of solutions of a high order. We apply the topological techniques to prove various kinds of dynamical behaviour, for example, existence of (apparently) unstable periodic orbits in Mackey–Glass equation (in the regime of parameters where chaos is numerically observed) and persistence of symbolic dynamics in a delay-perturbed chaotic ODE (the Rössler system).