bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning for major food crops breeding: Applications, challenges, and ways forward
Authors: N. Govaichelvan Kumanan , Pathmanathan Dharini , Zainal‐Abidin Rabiatul‐Adawiah , Abu Arpah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIncreasing the production of the three major food crops (MFCs), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and wheat (Triticum aestivum), is essential to fulfilling the food demand for the growing human population. Increasing food production may require the integration of machine learning (ML) into plant breeding programs. However, developing ML tools to improve the production of MFCs is a daunting task due to the lack of quality data and the computation resources needed to process this information. Hence, this review discusses the recent applications of ML for improving MFCs production, including plant phenotyping, yield forecasting, and candidate gene prediction. Based on the challenges reported in recent ML experiments for MFCs, this review prescribes solutions to produce scalable ML models. This review provides valuable insights for future studies and promotes collective efforts among researchers implementing ML to enhance MFCs productivity.
Healthcare experiences of patients with Down syndrome from primarily Spanish‐speaking households
Authors: Chung Jeanhee , Krell Kavita , Pless Albert , Michael Carie , Torres Amy , Baker Sandra , Blake Jasmine M. , Caughman Kelli , Cullen Sarah , Gallagher Maureen , Hoke‐Chandler Roxanne , Maina Julius , McLuckie Diana , O'Neill Kate , Peña Angeles , Royal Dina , Slape Michelle , Spinazzi Noemi Alice , Torres Carlos G. , Skotko Brian G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe report on the health care experiences of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) from families who are primarily Spanish‐speaking. Data were collected through three methods: (1) a nationally distributed, 20‐item survey, (2) two focus groups with seven family caregivers of individuals with DS who self‐identified as living in primarily Spanish speaking households, and (3) 20 interviews with primary care providers (PCPs) who care for patients who are underrepresented minorities. Standard summary statistics were used to analyze the quantitative survey results. Focus group and interview transcripts, as well as an open‐ended response question in the survey, were analyzed using qualitative coding methods to identify key themes. Both caregivers and PCPs described how language barriers make giving and receiving quality care difficult. Caregivers additionally described condescending, discriminatory treatment within the medical system and shared feelings of caregiver stress and social isolation. Challenges to care experienced by families of individuals with DS are compounded for Spanish‐speaking families, where the ability to build trust with providers and in the health care system may be compromised by cultural and language differences, systemic issues (lack of time or inability to craft more nuanced schedules so that patients with higher needs are offered more time), mistrust, and sometimes, overt racism. Building this trust is critical to improve access to information, care options, and research opportunities, especially for this community that depends on their clinicians and nonprofit groups as trusted messengers. More study is needed to understand how to better reach out to these communities through primary care clinician networks and nonprofit organizations.
Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks for Catalytic RNA Deprotection and Activation
Authors: Liu Jin , Liu Xingyu , Liu Qi , Cao Jing , Lv Xinheng , Wang Shaoru , Tian Tian , Zhou Xiang , Deng Hexiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA metal–organic framework (MOF) with mespores (2 to 50 nm) allows the inclusion of large biomolecules, such as nucleic acids. However, chemical reaction on the nucleic acids, to further regulate their bioactivity, is yet to be demonstrated within MOF pores. Here, we report the deprotection of carbonate protected RNA molecules (21 to 102 nt) to restore their original activity using a MOF as a heterogeneous catalyst. Two MOFs, MOF‐626 and MOF‐636 are designed and synthesized, with mesopores of 2.2 and 2.8 nm, respectively, carrying isolated metal sites (Ni, Co, Cu, Pd, Rh and Ru). The pores favor the entrance of RNA, while the metal sites catalyze C−O bond cleavage at the carbonate group. Complete conversion of RNA is achieved by Pd‐MOF‐626, 90 times more efficiently than Pd(NO3)2. MOF crystals are also removable from the aqueous reaction media, leaving a negligible metal footprint, 3.9 ppb, only 1/55 of that using homogeneous Pd catalysts. These features make MOF potentially suited for bioorthogonal chemistry.
Synergistic intrafibrillar/extrafibrillar mineralization of collagen fibrils and scaffolds enhanced by introducing polyacrylamide to PILP for osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Liu Chengde , Jiang Luyao , Du Wanting , Cheng Xitong , Zhao Zheng , Wang Jinyan , Jian Xigao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMineralization can help improve the mechanical properties and degradation rates of collagen scaffolds while ensuring good biocompatibility, thereby providing a suitable microenvironment for osteogenic differentiation. Intrafibrillar/extrafibrillar mineralization of collagen is promoted by polymer‐induced liquid precursors (PILP). In this study, polyacrylamide (PAM) was introduced to PILP which synergistically mineralized collagen scaffold intrafibrillarly and extrafibrillarly. PAM and polyacrylic acid (PAA) can stabilize the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), to form a PILP of PAM and PAA/ACP. As a control, another scaffold material was formed using the conventional mineralization method, that is, soaking collagen in a simulated body fluid. Collagen mineralization was characterized using SEM and TEM. After 7 days of mineralization with PILP, intrafibrillar crystallization of collagen was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the stiffness and modulus of this scaffold material significantly increased. Cellular experiment results indicated that the PILP‐mineralized collagen scaffold was biocompatible and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblasts. Biomimetic mineralization by PILP will assist the fabrication of mineralized collagen scaffold for bone repair applications.
Causal decomposition maps: An exploratory tool for designing area‐level interventions aimed at reducing health disparities
Authors: Smith Melissa J. , Charlton Mary E. , Oleson Jacob J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMethods for decomposition analyses have been developed to partition between‐group differences into explained and unexplained portions. In this paper, we introduce the concept of causal decomposition maps, which allow researchers to test the effect of area‐level interventions on disease maps before implementation. These maps quantify the impact of interventions that aim to reduce differences in health outcomes between groups and illustrate how the disease map might change under different interventions. We adapt a new causal decomposition analysis method for the disease mapping context. Through the specification of a Bayesian hierarchical outcome model, we obtain counterfactual small area estimates of age‐adjusted rates and reliable estimates of decomposition quantities. We present two formulations of the outcome model, with the second allowing for spatial interference of the intervention. Our method is utilized to determine whether the addition of gyms in different sets of rural ZIP codes could reduce any of the rural–urban difference in age‐adjusted colorectal cancer incidence rates in Iowa ZIP codes.
Nomograms for postsurgical extrahepatic recurrence prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma based on presurgical circulating tumor cell status and clinicopathological factors
Authors: Wei Hao‐Wen , Qin Shui‐Ling , Xu Jing‐Xuan , Huang Yi‐Yue , Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Ma Liang , Qi Lu‐Nan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsExtrahepatic recurrence (EHR) is one of the major reasons for the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to develop and assess the performance of predictive models by using a combination of presurgical circulating tumor cell (CTCs) data and clinicopathological features to screen patients at high risk of EHR to achieve precise decision‐making.Patients and MethodsA total of 227 patients with recurrent HCC and preoperative CTC data from January 2014 to August 2019 were enrolled. All patients were randomly assigned to one of two cohorts: development or validation. Two preoperative and postoperative nomogram models for EHR prediction were developed and multi‐dimensionally validated.ResultsPatients with EHR had generally lower recurrence‐free survival (p < 0.001), and overall survival (p < 0.001), and significantly higher CTC counts (epithelial CTCs, epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid CTCs, and mesenchymal CTCs count, all p < 0.05) than those without EHR. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that EHR was associated with four risk factors in the development cohort: total CTC count (p = 0.014), tumor size (p = 0.028), node number (p = 0.045), and microvascular invasion (p = 0.035). These factors were incorporated into two nomogram models (preoperative and postoperative), which reliably predicted EHR through multidimensional verification (e.g., calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic analysis, decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curve analysis) in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. With threshold of scores of 100.3 and 176.8 before and after surgery respectively, both nomograms were able to stratify patients into two distinct prognostic subgroups (all p < 0.05).ConclusionThe present study proposed two nomogram models integrating presurgical CTC counts and clinicopathological risks and showed relatively good predictive performance of EHR, which may be beneficial to the clinical practice of HCC recurrence. Further multicenter studies are needed to assess its general applicability.
Fast Feet Forward: A sports group for looked‐after children and unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children as an early intervention to process trauma and reduce distress
Authors: Draper Ana , Marcellino Elisa , Benham Kate , Dunn Zach David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLooked‐after children (LAC) and unaccompanied asylum‐seeking children (UASC) are likely to have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in their developmental years, leading to poorer outcomes in their health and psychosocial development. A novel, exercise‐based early intervention utilising bilateral movements for UASC and adoptive children (An early intervention framework for the emotional health and wellbeing of unaccompanied minors, 2020) called Fast Feet Forward (FFF) has shown promise in providing relief from trauma symptoms. This study seeks to replicate the effectiveness of FFF and extend it to a new population of traumatised children. Two groups of FFF occurred with 18 children participating. Results revealed a statistically significant decrease in distress and an increase in positive cognitions for UASC, showing effective processing of trauma‐related hotspots. The LAC cohort also demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in distress and disturbance. Support is demonstrated for the efficacy of FFF as a cost‐effective and resiliency‐building early intervention treatment utilising bilateral movements for traumatised populations, especially UASC.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm presenting to the orthopedic clinic as posterior hip and low back pain
Authors: Marcel Aaron , Jovan John , Myrick Karen 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MassageAbdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are typically asymptomatic. When symptomatic, AAA may present as a chief concern of musculoskeletal hip and low back pain. Assessment in the orthopedic clinic should focus on a holistic examination of the patient.
How to differentiate between invasive lobular carcinoma metastasis and type 4 advanced gastric cancer: The importance of immunohistochemistry
Authors: Jinushi Ryuhei , Kawasaki Tomonori , Ryozawa Shomei 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageGastric metastases derived from breast carcinomas and type 4 advanced gastric cancers are often difficult to distinguish because of their similar endoscopic and pathologic findings. Therefore, immunohistochemical analyses are key to diagnosis.AbstractGastric metastases originating from breast carcinomas and type 4 advanced gastric cancers are often difficult to distinguish because of their similar endoscopic and pathologic characteristics. This often delays early intervention and accordingly affects prognosis. Immunohistochemical analyses are important for both diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinomas.
Generalized tetanus in a farmer following treatment of an open ankle fracture by a traditional bone setter
Authors: Boi‐Dsane Naa Adzoa Adzeley , Seidu Anwar Sadat , Buunaaim Alexis Dun Bo‐ib 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis is the case of a 31‐year‐old farmer diagnosed with an open right ankle fracture and tetanus sustained from an accident after opting for traditional bonesetter treatment. Open fractures increase the risk of tetanus infection therefore herbal treatment should be discouraged. Source control is important for holistic management of tetanus.
Primary breast squamous cell carcinoma: A case report at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Mremi Alex , Mwakyembe Theresia , Wampembe Elizabeth , Serventi Furaha , Lodhia Jay 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Primary SCC of the breast is a very rare disease.

Metastasis from elsewhere should be excluded first.

The tumor is a very aggressive with poor prognosis.

No standard treatment approaches are available.

Managed by surgical excision followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

AbstractPrimary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is an exceedingly rare disease, and its management is still unclear. A‐65‐year‐old lady presented with a progressive swelling of her right breast that started spontaneously. Other potential primary sites were ruled out. She was kept on a neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy (AC‐T protocol) of doxorubicin, adriamycin, and paclitaxel. Later, she was underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Her post‐operative recovery was uneventful. Currently, she is followed up at oncology outpatient clinic.
Agitation and somnolence by bilateral paramedian thalamic infarct
Authors: Sheikh Hassan Mohamed , Osman Sidow Nor , Mohamed Ali Abdiladhif , Osman Mohamed Farah , Ahmed Ibrahim Abdiwahid , Abdirahman Ahmed Said 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageBilateral thalamic infarction in paramedian artery territory may present with severe acute illness, confusion, coma and memory impairment. However, subtle clinical presentation as in our case should alert the clinician to consider such a diagnosis as it can be associated with good prognosis.AbstractBilateral thalamic infarct is a rare form of stroke. Mostly thalamic infarcts are unilateral. In most cases, bilateral thalamic infarction leads to cognitive dysfunction, opthalmoparesis, conscious impairment, behavioral disturbance, and corticospinal dysfunction. Here, we describe the case of a 75‐year‐old male patient who presented to the emergency department of our hospital with agitation and somnolence for one day. He had poorly controlled hypertension. There was no previous history of stroke, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, known cardiac disease, or smoking history. There was no seizure, recent headache, or visual disturbance. The patient was somnolent and not oriented to time, person, or place. Neurological examination did not show any focal weakness or vertical eye movement restrictions. Other systemic examinations, including those of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, were unremarkable. Extensive laboratory investigations excluded potential metabolic, infectious, endocrine, or toxic etiologies. The patient did not have any recent history of drug misuse, including benzodiazepines. Brain MRI with diffusion‐weighted imaging showed an acute bilateral thalamic infarct. Cerebral angiography was unremarkable. The patient was treated with low molecular weight heparin 60 mg subcutaneously, aspirin 300 mg daily, and haloperidol 5 mg twice daily for agitation. After two weeks of intrahospital treatment, his condition improved (consciousness and orientation massively improved).
A qualitative study on lived experience of self‐harm in South Asians in the UK: From reasons to recovery
Authors: Özen‐Dursun Büşra , Panagioti Maria , Alharbi Reem , Giles Sally , Husain Nusrat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesSelf‐harm rates and clinical presentations differ by ethnicity. South Asian women are at risk of self‐harm. Previous research suggested investigating individuals' experiences with self‐harm with qualitative studies in developing self‐harm prevention strategies. This research aims to explore self‐harm experiences among South Asians in the United Kingdom.DesignQualitative study.MethodsParticipants were recruited via third‐sector organizations and online platforms. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 South Asian individuals with a history of self‐harm living in the United Kingdom. The data were analysed based on a reflective thematic analysis approach.ResultsResults revealed four main themes: (1) reasons for self‐harm; (2) recovery journey; (3) culture and mental health; and (4) the transition to suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Reasons for self‐harm included negative life circumstances, social life difficulties, challenges faced during COVID‐19 and mental health problems. Participants described their recovery journey by acknowledging the role of professional help, self‐care, psychoeducation and personal growth, improving social relationships, and faith and spirituality. Cultural factors included generational differences and stigma. Culturally adapted psychological interventions were perceived as promising. The reported transition from self‐harm to suicidal behaviours was linked to experiencing major stressful life events and the use of severe methods of self‐harm.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that socio‐cultural factors impact mental health and recovery processes among South Asians. Mental health services should consider improving culturally sensitive clinical practices in responding to self‐harm among South Asian communities.
Expansion Microscopy Application for Calcium Protein Clustering Imaging in Cells and Brain Tissues
Authors: Rakovskaya Anastasiya , Chigriai Margarita , Bezprozvanny Ilya , Pchitskaya Ekaterina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany biological studies require high‐resolution imaging and subsequent analysis of cell organelles and molecules. Some membrane proteins form tight clusters, and this process is directly linked to their function. In most studies, these small protein clusters have been investigated by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, which enables imaging with high spatial resolution within 100 nm of the membrane surface. Recently developed expansion microscopy (ExM) makes it possible to achieve nanometer resolution using a conventional fluorescence microscope by physically expanding the sample. In this article, we describe implementation of ExM for imaging of protein clusters formed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium sensor protein STIM1. This protein translocates during ER store depletion and forms clusters that support contact with plasma membrane (PM) calcium‐channel proteins. ER calcium channels such as the type 1 inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) also form clusters, but their investigation by TIRF microscopy is impossible due to the large distance from the PM. In this article, we demonstrate how to investigate IP3R clustering using ExM in hippocampal brain tissues. We compare IP3R clustering in the CA1 area of the hippocampus of wild‐type and 5xFAD Alzheimer's disease model mice. To facilitate future applications, we describe experimental protocols and image processing guidelines for application of ExM to membrane and ER protein clustering studies in cultured cells and brain tissues. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Expansion microscopy application for protein cluster visualization in cellsAlternate Protocol: Expansion microscopy application for protein cluster visualization in brain tissuesBasic Protocol 2: Protein cluster analysis of expansion microscopy images using ImageJ and Icy software
Social and political capabilities as nonmarket activities: What are they and how do firms develop them?
Authors: dos Passos Ana Paula Pereira , Lana Jeferson , Marcon Rosilene 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFirms recognize the need for strategic efforts in the nonmarket environment to improve their performance. We seek to explore the different ways in which firms learn about nonmarket strategies (NMS), whether the social or the political dimension. We conducted a search of previous NMS studies and analyzed this literature to reflect on the process of development and evolution of political and social corporate capabilities. Based on the theoretical insights of resource dependency theory (RDT) and the resource‐based view (RBV) and its variants, we adopt an external perspective of how firms capture critical political and social knowledge in the nonmarket environment and an internal perspective of how firms develop nonmarket capabilities from this new knowledge. We argue that the new knowledge obtained from the observation of peer firms, from co‐opting and collaborating with nonmarket and market actors and from their own experiences is incorporated into the firm's knowledge system and allows for the development and evolution of capabilities to integrate and deploy resources for strategic purposes. We also point out that changes in the nonmarket environment require firms to constantly seek new social and political capabilities. They learn, unlearn and relearn.
Influence of Residual Water Traces on the Electrochemical Performance of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids for Magnesium‐Containing Electrolytes
Authors: Elkhafif Omar W. , Hassan Hagar K. , Ceblin Maximilian U. , Farkas Attila , Jacob Timo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA trace amount of water is typically unavoidable as an impurity in ionic liquids, which is a huge challenge for their application in Mg‐ion batteries. Here, we employed molecular sieves of different pore diameters (3, 4, and 5 Å), to effectively remove the trace amounts of water from 1‐methyl‐1‐propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MPPip‐TFSI) and 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMP‐TFSI). Notably, after sieving (water content <1 mg ⋅ L−1), new anodic peaks arise that are attributed to the formation of different anion‐cation structures induced by minimizing the influence of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the electrolyte resistance decreases by ∼10 % for MPPip‐TFSI and by ∼28 % for BMP‐TFSI after sieving. The electrochemical Mg deposition/dissolution is investigated in MPPip‐TFSI/tetraglyme (1 : 1)+100 mM Mg(TFSI)2+10 mM Mg(BH4)2 using Ag/AgCl and Mg reference electrodes. The presence of a trace amount of water leads to a considerable shift of 0.9 V vs. Mg2+/Mg in the overpotential of Mg deposition. In contrast, drying of MPPip‐TFSI enhances the reversibility of Mg deposition/dissolution and suppresses the passivation of the Mg electrode.