bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rrugëtim në romanet e Agron Tufës
Authors: Boriçi Emine 
Published: March 2023

Agron Tufa është ndër autorët që ka kontribuar shumë në letërsinë bashkëkohore shqiptare. Ai ka përdorur në veprat e tij teknika të ndryshme dhe të veçanta rrëfimore, sidomos në elementin kohë. Përmes tyre ai veçohet si autori me stil unik, përpjekja e të cilit në këtë lëmë i paralelizon romanet shqiptare krahasimisht me të huajat. Prandaj, guxojmë të themi se Agron Tufa është ndër autorët më me zë dhe që ka sjellë mjaft risi në letërsinë shqiptare.
Tufa në romanet e tij kthehet pas në kohë, por analepsat e brendshme mundësojnë që romani të këtë linjë natyrale rrjedhimore, natyrshëm kthehet pas dhe natyrshëm paralajmëron për një ndodhi të caktuar. Konvencionalit nisur nga fabula e romaneve të Agron Tufës, kemi disa lloje kohore, të cilat sa shkrihen me njëra-tjetrën, po aq edhe janë qartësisht të kuptueshme.
Një konkluzion mjaft i rëndësishëm i këtij punimi është edhe tematika që ka sjellë Tufa dhe mënyra sesi ai e ka trajtuar. Konkretisht, në veprat që kemi marrë në studim, “Dueli” dhe “Fabula Rasa” janë trajtuar tema të thjeshta të realitetit. Përmes kohës, veprimi dhe ngjarjet trajtohen si një ndodhi e zakonshme siç ndodh në përditshmëri. Përshkrimi i jetës në shkollën e mesme, përjetimi i dashurive të para, fatkeqësi si përdhunime, martesë (te “Dueli), vetëvrasje nga një fenomen fiziologjik i nuses (“Fabula Rasa”) janë fenomene jetësore, pjesë e realitetit. Këto ngjarje, artistikisht, përmes analepsës dhe prolepsës fitojnë kolore artistike dhe simbolike, prandaj themi që Tufa është ndër autorët më të rëndësishëm të letërsisë sonë bashkëkohore.
Bibliografi kronologjike e periodikut “Perlindja e Shqipëniës” (gusht-shtator 1913)
Authors: Saraçi Heral 
Published: March 2023

Për një studim shkencor të diturisë historiografike është domosdoshmëri një punë sistematike. Ndërmjet mjeteve të punës që përdorin humanistët me synim objektivitetin shkencor është edhe bibliografia. Me anë të saj kërkohet të arrihet një klasifikim sistematik i të dhënave në lidhje me një periudhë, ngjarje, veprimtari, libër ose person historik.
Një Bibliografi për gazetën “Perlindja e Shqipëniës (Numri themelues “Perlindj’ e Shqipnis, Vlone, 19/1. Gusht 1913”) duhet të ishte kryer prej kohësh. Kanë kaluar më shumë se 100 vjet nga botimi i saj dhe mungesa e një klasifikimi sistematik të të dhënave të autorësisë së artikujve që ajo përmban krijon diskutim në lidhje me vetë trajtimin shkencor të kryer deri sot të organit të vetëm shqiptar të themeluar në Vlorë në vitin 1913.
“Perlindja e Shqipëniës” u botua me moton “Organ per te mprojtur të Drejtat Kombëtore”. Nga numri i datës 19/1 Gusht 1913 deri në numrin 4 të datës 10/23. Gusht, 1913 gazeta nuk shënon drejtorin e përgjegjshëm, kryeshkronjësin ose botuesin. Nga numri 5, data 14/27. Gusht, 1913 deri në numrin 21, datë 15/28 Mars 1914 të periodikut Drejtar i pergjegjshëm është Dhimitër Beratti. Kjo gazetë u shtyp në Vlorë fillimisht në shtypshkronjën Paul Siebertz dhe më pas në shtypshkronjën e Shtetit Shqiptar. Periodiciteti i saj për vitin I, 1913 ishte Nr. 0 - 35 (36 numra) ndërsa për vitin II, 1914 ishte Nr. 1 – 21 (21 numra). Gjatë dy viteve të veprimtarisë së saj u botuan gjithësej 57 numra.
Kush janë autorët e artikujve të këtij periodiku? Cilët artikuj janë botuar pa nënshkrim? Cilët janë artikujt e nënshkruar me pseudonim? Cilët janë kontrubuesit kryesorë të shkrimeve që mbushën faqet e kësaj gazeta? Po temat kryesore cilat ishin dhe nga kush u trajtuan?
Për një shoshitje sa më të vërtetë të lëndës gazetareske bibliografike zgjodhëm që t’i pasqyronim të dhënat e këtij periodiku në mënyrë kronologjike. Për këtë arsye e titulluam punim “Bibliografi Kronologjike e Periodikut “Perlindja e Shqipëniës”. Në këtë mënyrë besojmë se do të kemi jo vetëm një hartë kufizuese e të plotë të autorëve të këtij organi të shtypit tonë për çdo numër si dhe të gjithë periodikun në tërësi. Me këtë qasje pozitiviste besojmë të arrijmë një bazë të shëndoshë e të nevojshme të dhënash si një hap i domosdoshëm për punimin e një monografie shkencore mbi këtë periodik e një punë të dobishme për secilin studiues që synon të vërtetën historike rreth këtij organi të gazetarisë shqiptare.
HUBUNGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR DENGAN AKHLAK SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN ROIHANUL JANNAH PASAR MAGA
Authors: Fuji Pratami  , Barus Muhammad Irsan , Pulungan Ahmad Ridoan 
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil belajar yang baik seharusnya sesuai dengan perilaku siswa yang baik. Kenyataannya ada saja siswa yang memperoleh hasil belajar yang baik tapi memiliki perilaku yang kurang baik. Namun, tidak jarang terdapat siswa yang nilainya kurang baik tapi perilakunya baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Santri di pondok Pesantren Roihanul Jannah Pasar Maga berjumlah 468 santri dan diambil sampel menggunakan teknik sampel random. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengolahan data melalui: editing, tabulating, coding dan analizing. Teknik analisis data dengan analisis statistik korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Prestasi belajar berada pada kategori sangat baik dengan perolehan skor rata-rata sebesar 85 yang berada pada interval 70-100. (2) Akhlak Santri berada pada kualifikasi baik dengan perolehan Persentase 85,45%. (3) Ada Hubungan positif antara Prestasi belajar dan Akhlak Santri di pondok Pesantren Roihanul Jannah Pasar Maga. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai korelasi rxy= thitung > ttabel (0,386 > 0,300). Dengan demikian penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi Prestasi belajar Santri yang diraih maka semakin baik Akhlaknya, dan sebaliknya semakin rendah Prestasi belajar Santri maka semkin rendah pula Akhlaknya
SOSIALISASI PENGOLAHAN DATA MELALUI SPSS UNTUK MENDAPATKAN DATA DAN GRAFIK DESA HURABA 2021
Authors: Nasution Eni Sumanti , Harahap Dharma Gyta Sari , Kasmawati  
Published: March 2023

Desa Huraba merupakan suatu desa yang terdapat di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Desa ini memiliki jumlah penduduk yang banyak. Dalam kegiatan dan pekerjaan sehari-hari di desa tersebut kebanyakan adalah petani. Di desa Huraba memiliki kantor kepala desa yang terdiri dari beberapa perangkat desa. Dalam menghitung jumlah penduduk di desa tersebut masih menggunakan menulis di dalam buku sehingga kadang-kadang dengan jumlah yang lumayan banyak susah untuk mengetahui bagaiaman perkembangan dari desa tersebut begitu juga bagaimana pendapatan perkapita suatu desa. Berdasarkan permasalahan diatas maka diperlukan sosialisasi terutama kepada perangkat desa yang mana bertujuan memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam mengolah data dengan menggunakan aplikasi Statistical Product and Sevice Solutions (SPSS). Melalui kegiatan ini menggunakan metode penyuluhan, diskusi, dan sosialisasi. Mitra dari kegiatan ini adalah Desa Huraba. Melalui pelatihan ini berhasil meningkatkan keterampilan dari perangkat desa dalam mengolah data dan membuat grafik sehingga mempercepat dalam menginput data tersebut.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Dalam Mendesain Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Karakter Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mahrani  , Harahap Tinur Rahmawati , Lubis Susi Lestari 
Published: March 2023

Pengabdian masyarakat ini berfokus pada pemberdayaan penggunaan teknologi pada pembelajaran anak sekolah dasar dengan mengguakan metode deskriptif pada 20 guru Sekolah Dasar di SD Negeri 103060 Napa Kecamatan Angkola Selatan. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahawa sosialisasi ini snagat memberikan efek yang positf terhadapa para guru disana, respon sangat antusias dibuktikan dnegan kehadiran dan pertanyaan saat sosialisasi berlangsung. Penggunaan teknologi berbasis karakter melatih guru untuk bisa menciptakan media pembelajaran berbasi teknologi namun tetap mendidik karakter siswa bisa menerima pembelajaran melalui teknologi yaitu meiliki sikap santun, disiplin, rajin, jujur, berani dan bertanggungjawa. 100 % Guru hadir dan 50 % guru memberikan pertanyaan, komentar .Pada kesimpulannya penanaman karakter melalui teknologi yang sangat digemari anak-anak dewasa ini menjadi solusi tepat dan efektif ntuk mengajarkan karakter dan periakuu berbudi pekerti dalam memepersiapakan generasi penerus sejak usia dini melalui pemanfaatan teknologi.
Membangun Generasi Muda Yang Kreatif Dan Bertakwa Dengan Optimalisasi Masjid Dalam Upaya Mewujudkan Masyarakat Madani Di Desa Wonocolo Sepanjang Sidoarjo
Authors: Mohammad Habibi  , Lubis Mukhlis 
Published: March 2023

Pembangunan kaum muda dan pemberdayaan masyarakat di Kelurahan Wonocolo Kota Sidoarjo melalui program pendampingan pendidikan berbasis masjid merupakan layanan sosial untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kesehatan. Masjid Besar Baiturrochim yang berlokasi di Desa Wonocolo Kelurahan Sepanjang Kota Sidoarjo tidak hanya sebagai tempat ibadah namun telah difungsikan sebagai pusat kegiatan sosial dan program Pendidikan bagi warga sekitar mengingat mayoritas mereka adalah kaum muslim. Bentuk-bentuk program pendampingan antara lain: (1) Program Mengajar Mengaji Anak-anak, (2) Program Kajian Remaja, (3) Program Jumat Berkah, (4) Program Pengajian Jamaah Masjid (5) Pusat Pengobatan Islami; hizamah gratis (6) Program Tebar Al Quran, (7) Program Santunan Anak Yatim. Dengan demikian, keberadaan Masjid Baiturrochim berfungsi sebagai sentral dan merupakan pusat aspirasi kaum muslimin. Masjid Besar Baiturrochim yang berlokasi di di Desa Wonocolo Kelurahan Sepanjang Kota Sidoarjo melalui peran Dewan Kemakmuran Masjid-nya telah mampu menanamkan pendidikan Islam bagi jamaah semua usia dan mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kesehatan masyarakat sekitarnya. Pemberdayaan masyarakat di Kelurahan Sepanjang melalui program pendampingan pendidikan berbasis masjid telah membuahkan perubahan perilaku positif pada penerima manfaatnya dan berimplikasi pada meningkatnya kesejahteraan dan kesehatan warga di Desa Wonocolo Kelurahan Sepanjang Kota Sidoarjo.
Sosialisasi Pentingnya Menumbuhkan Jiwa Kewirausahaan dan Motivasi Terhadap Minat Untuk Berwirausaha bagi Siswa Kelas XII MAN 2 Padang
Authors: Leni Gustina  , Aswin Ullya Rahmi , Sari Fitrah 
Published: March 2023

Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PKM) merupakan kegiatan sivitas akademika dalam mengamalkan dan membudayakan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi untuk memajukan kesejahteraan umum dan mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa (UU PT, 2012). PKM yang dilakukan dalam berbagai bentuk kegiatan sesuai dengan budaya akademik, keahlian, dan/atau otonomi keilmuan sivitas akademika serta kondisi social budaya masyarakat. Hasil PKM digunakan sebagai proses pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, pengayaan sumber belajar, dan/atau untuk pembelajaran dan pematangan sivitas akademika.
Tujuan PKM adalah terwujudnya pengabdian kepada masyarakat berbasis penelitian yang bermanfaat dalam mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, meningkatkan peran dan partisipasi civitas akademika dalam peningkatan derajat sumber daya masyarakat serta mendiseminasikan hasil-hasil PKM yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memperkuat daya saing nasional, dan menyelesaikan permasalahan di masyarakat umum. Kegiatan perekonomian saat ini selalu berkaitan dengan pembayaran uang, di mana industri perbankan mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam sistem perekonomian. Berwirausaha merupakan salah satu cara seseorang untuk bekerja dan menitih karir untuk kehidupan mereka di masa yang akan datang. Dengan berwirausaha dapat pula membukakan lapangan pekerjaan baru bagi orang-orang yang membutuhkan atau sedang mencari sebuah pekerjaan, selain itu dapat membantu tugas pemerintah dalam mengurangi pertumbuhan pengangguran di negeri ini.

Kata kunci: Jiwa Kewirausahaan, Motivasi dan Minat
Pelatihan Perumpukan Limbah Pelepah dan Penjarangan Buah Salak Pada Petani di Marancar
Authors: Nasution Yusriani , Sriwinaty  , Rizky Amnah  
Published: March 2023

Tanaman Salak merupakan komoditi lokal dan tanaman unggulan kota Padangsidimpuan. Salak Sidimpuan (Salacca sumatrana Becc.) merupakan salah satu jenis buah yang sangat digemari karena perpaduan rasa manis, asam dan sedikit sepat yang merupakan ciri khas salak Sidimpuan. Sebagian besar petani salak yang terdapat di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan masih menerapkan sistem budidaya tradisional. Program penyuluhan peningkatan keterampilan petani melalui perumpukan pelepah tua daun salak adalah dengan dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah pelatihan penentuan lokasi perumpukan pada lahan lereng dan perumpukan pelepah tua pada arah memotong lereng. Pada tahap kedua adalah penjarangan buah salak pada tandan buah salak. Tujuan Program Penyuluhan dilaksanakan agar produksi salak di daerah Padangsidimpun mengalami peningkatan kualitas buah dan daerah lereng tetap lestari dengan menurunkan laju aliran permukan. Sasaran dalam program penyuluhan ini adalah petani salak yang sangat antusias dalam meningkatkan produksi salak melalui kegiatan perumpukan pelepah tua daun salak dan penjarangan tandan buah salak.
Estimating Sojourn Time and Transition between Clinical States of HIV Patients under ART Follow up in Namibia
Authors: Kashihalwa Simon Pombili , Pazvakawambwa Lilian , Mwanyekange Josua 
Published: March 2023

Background: Sojourn time refers to the amount of time a HIV patient spends in each clinical state in a single stay before he/she makes a transition to another state. HIV can be broken down into a number of intermediate states, based on CD4 counts. The four states of the Markov process of HIV are commonly deﬁned as: S1: CD4 count > 500 cells/microlitre of blood; S2: 350 < CD4 count ≤ 500 cells/microlitre of blood; S3: 200 < CD4 count ≤ 350 cells/microlitre of blood; S4: CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/microliter of blood.
Aims: The aim of the study was to estimate sojourn and transition between clinical states of patients under ART in Namibia using homogenous semi-Markov processes, on data obtained from MoHSS.
Methods: A retrospective study design was used to obtain data on 2422 patients who were observed 11028 times, during 2008 to 2017 follow up period. The four staged semi-Markov model was employed to estimate sojourn times and transition between clinical states.
Results: Results indicates that 1637 (67.6%) were female and 785 (32.41%) were male .657(27.13%) patients started ART in state 1, 683(28.19%) patients started ART in state 2, 677(27.95%) patients started ART in state 3 and 405(16.72%) patients started ART in state 4, at treatment commencement (t = 0). As expected, the probabilities of transiting from good to worse states increased with time. After 6 months, the probabilities of transiting from state 1 to 3, and from state 1 to 4 are 0.023 and 0.004 respectively. Whereas after 12 months, the probabilities of transiting from state 1 to 3, and from state 1 to 4 are 0.059 and 0.010 respectively. As time increased the probabilities to remain in the same state is decreasing (probabilities of remaining in state 1 after 6, 12 and 18 months is 0.804, 0.698 and 0.633). Sojourn times for states 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 22, 8, 10 and 15 months respectively.
Conclusions: Sojourn time is of interest in HIV modeling, as it gives a signal of how HIV is progressing. Longer sojourn times indicates slow HIV progression and shorter sojourn times indicates rapid HIV progression. As time increases, transition probabilities from good states to worse states increases.
A Case Report of Achalasia in HIV-Tuberculosis Co-Infected Adolescent
Authors: Oninla Samuel O. , Olagunju Funso A. , Oderanti Oyetoke C. , Aderinto Noah O. 
Published: March 2023

Aims: To sensitize clinicians on the need to consider achalasia in HIV infected children presenting with dysphagia.
Presentation of Case: A 14-year-old HIV-infected boy presented with 4years of difficulty and painful swallowing. It was initially to solid food and progressed to liquid diet and water. There were associated intermittent vomiting, weight loss, and recurrent fever. Examination revealed a stunted and chronically ill-looking boy, weighed 22.5Kg and measured 139cm in height, 48.3% and 86.3% of the expected for age respectively. He had generalized lymphadenopathy and whitish patches on the tongue. Initial differential diagnoses were oesophageal candidiasis and achalasia with pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest X-ray and stool gene Xpert confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 count was 380 cells/ml. He had anti-Koch’s drugs and oral fluconazole for 6 months and 8 weeks respectively, and later highly active antiretroviral therapy. Despite the completion of the fluconazole, the presented symptoms got worsened and the patient could not even take his medications, and his weight dropped to 15kg. Barium swallow and upper GI endoscopy done later confirmed achalasia. He had a successfully modified Heller’s myotomy procedure after which he could eat, drink and take his medications. He was discharged and kept his regular clinic appointments with appreciable weight gain.
Conclusion: Achalasia could occur in HIV-infected children when presented with dysphagia and therefore, a high index of suspicion is needed to make a timely diagnosis to avoid complications and death.
Isolated Complete Tubular Duplication of the Oesophagus in a New Born- A Case Report
Authors: Airon Abhimanyu , Airon Dhruv , Airon Neha , Adhikari Suman , Singh Priyanka 
Published: March 2023

Duplications of the alimentary tract are rare and ileum is the most commonly affected site, followed by the Oesophagus which accounts for 15% of all digestive tract duplications. The duplicated Oesophagus with mucus, submucous and muscular membranes, is adjacent to the true Oesophagus without a common wall. This condition leads to dysphagia, vomiting, nausea, retrosteranal pain or respiratory distress and stridor. This condition is commonly seen during the newborn period.
Tubular duplication is commonly seen in the mid and lower third of the Oesophagus whereas cystic oesophageal duplication is found in the lower third of the Oesophagus. Usuall 70% -90% of the patients are diagnosed before two years of age as they develop symptoms. However few case of oesophageal duplication has been discovered incidently in adult patients.
In this study, we report a rare case of isolated complete tubular oesophageal duplication in a 2 day old male newborn, who presented with excessive salivation, respiratory distress and intolerance to feeds.
Fretful Longevity of Upper Kolab Reservoir, Odisha by GIS Study
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad , Mishra Abhisek , Kumar Chandan , Mishra Saswat , Nanda Rupashree 
Published: March 2023

Background: The nonrenewable energy source, hydropower reservoirs are the yardstick that scales up developing countries around the globe including India. The multipurpose Upper Kolab project is housed at the Kondhan Hills of the north Eastern Ghats mobile Belt range near Koraput Town. The dam is of length 630.5m with a height of 54.50m, and an average annual flow1803 M cum in operation since 1986. The project was built for 320MW generation, about 445000Ha CCA, and water supply to nearby towns.
Objective: Climate Change and anthropogenic stresses have resulted in depleting the major reservoir’s capacity by sedimentation, hence irrigation and power generation. The southern part of the Northeastern Ghats belt is worst affected. The present study is about the rate of capacity loss of Upper Kolab Reservoir in south Odisha.
Methodology: The present study involves the collection of data from the Landsat 4, Landsat 5, and Landsat 8 OLI Operational land user image of 30 m resolution was downloaded from either SRTM data or Earth Explorer data, and the digital elevation model (DEM) was prepared for the same period of the years 1996, 2002, 2013, 2017 and 2021. The TOPO geological map (1:500,000 scale) of 1983 was used to digitize geological formations. The ArcGIS 10.2 software is used for the topographic constraints of the water body and its watershed. The maps generated are slope maps, aspect maps, and various differentials sediment values in volume and water spread area.
Results and Conclusion: The inference is the fast rate of annual sedimentation @3.542mm/yr which is much higher than its mother basin Godavari (@2.22mm/yr. The longevity of the Upper Kolab Reservoir and power generation shall be affected earlier before it is designed life. Sedimentation needs prioritization, as caused by the anthropogenic and climate-induced huge sediment entry to the upper Kolab reservoir warranting a secondary reservoir downstream.
Differences in the Association Between Alcoholic Beverage Type and Serum Urate Levels Using Standardized Ethanol Content
Authors: Fukui Sho , Okada Masato , Rahman Mahbubur , Matsui Hiroki , Shiraishi Atsushi , Nakai Takehiro , Tamaki Hiromichi , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Matsuda Takeaki , Yoshida Kazuki 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceDifferences have been observed in the association of serum urate levels with consumption of different types of alcoholic beverages. However, previous studies have not standardized the unit of intake for ethanol content, and only limited types of alcoholic beverages have been evaluated.ObjectiveTo examine differences in the association of serum urate levels with various types of alcoholic beverages when their intakes are standardized for ethanol content.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from participants aged 20 years or older who completed a medical checkup at St Luke’s International University in Japan between October 1, 2012, and October 31, 2021. Participant demographics, blood test results, and lifestyle questionnaire data were used as covariates. Analysis was performed in December 2021.ExposuresConsumption of alcoholic beverages, including beer, sake (rice wine), shochu (Japanese spirit), wine, and whiskey.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSerum urate levels were measured during the medical checkup. The beverage unit was standardized to 1 standard drink, which contained 20 g of ethanol. Multivariable linear regression including interaction terms of alcohol consumption and dominant alcoholic beverage was performed.ResultsThis study included 78 153 participants. Their mean (SD) age was 47.6 (12.8) years; 36 463 (46.7%) were men and 41 690 were women (53.3%). A total of 45 755 participants (58.5%) were regular alcohol drinkers. Consistent associations of serum urate levels with alcohol consumption were observed in the beer-dominant group, with β coefficients (for 1 standard drink per day) of 0.14 mg/dL (95% CI, 0.11-0.17 mg/dL; P &amp;lt; .001) for men and 0.23 mg/dL (95% CI, 0.20-0.26 mg/dL; P &amp;lt; .001) for women. A moderate increase in serum urate levels was observed in the wine-dominant group compared with a modest and nonsignificant increase in the sake-dominant group, with β coefficients (for 1 standard drink per day) for the latter group of 0.05 mg/dL (95% CI, −0.01 to 0.10; P = .10) for men and 0.04 mg/dL (95% CI, −0.05 to 0.14 mg/dL; P = .38) for women. Restricted cubic splines showed different patterns in associations of serum urate levels with ethanol intake by dominant alcoholic beverages.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this study suggest that the extent of the association of serum urate levels with alcohol intake was different for alcoholic beverages even after ethanol content was standardized. Higher beer consumption among men and women was consistently associated with higher serum urate levels, whereas sake was not associated with changes in serum urate levels. Therefore, alcoholic beverage type, in addition to ethanol content, should be considered as a factor contributing to hyperuricemia.