bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reframing perceptions in operative dentistry relating evidence-based dentistry and clinical decision making: a cross-sectional study among Jordanian dentists
Authors: Al-Asmar Ayah A. , Al-Hiyasat Ahmad S. , Pitts Nigel B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The aim of the current study was to investigate current dental practice in operative dentistry in Jordan, and the relationship between evidence-based dentistry in caries research and decision making in clinical practice in operative dentistry.

Materials and methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey of dentists in Jordan. The survey aimed to explore the degree of knowledge and practice of evidence-based dentistry in caries research the dentists possess regarding clinical decision making in operative dentistry. The sample size was composed of (5811) dentists whom registered in Jordan Dental Association database. Descriptive statistics were generated and Chi-square test was used to examine associations between the different variables and the significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results
4000 responses were collected from the web-survey, response rate (68.83%). Nearly half of the surveyed dentists focus on the chief complaint of their patients (n = 2032, 50.8%) rather than doing full mouth assessment. Nearly two-thirds of dentists (n = 2608, 65.2%) treat lesions confined to enamel with operative treatment. Half of dentists use operative treatment when asked about the routine management of radiographically detected proximal caries confined to enamel. When treating incipient lesions, the majority (n = 3220, 80.5%) use preventive treatment. Three-quarters of dentists (n = 2992, 74.8%) treat deep dentinal caries by removing just the soft infected carious dentin, and treated old failed restorations with replacement.

Conclusion
In operative dentistry, the evidence-based research is not implemented clinically. To optimize relationship between evidence-based dentistry and clinical decision-making, dental curriculum has to be updated and modified constantly.
Comparison of proteins with anti-influenza virus effects in parotid and submandibular-sublingual saliva in humans
Authors: Yamamoto Kenkichi , Yamamoto Shinji 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Saliva possesses antiviral activity, with submandibular-sublingual (SMSL) saliva having higher antiviral activity than parotid saliva. Various salivary proteins have inactivating effects on influenza A virus (IAV), but the detailed relationship between antiviral proteins and salivary anti-IAV activities in the parotid and SMSL glands is unknown. Here, to identify salivary proteins with anti-IAV activity, salivary proteins from parotid and SMSL glands were identified, quantified, and compared using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Methods
Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in the study. Parotid and SMSL saliva was collected by suction and collection devices. We assessed anti-IAV activities, protein concentrations, and protein-bound sialic acid concentrations in parotid and SMSL saliva.

Results
SMSL had significantly higher anti-IAV activity than parotid saliva. SMSL also had higher concentrations of glycoproteins, such as mucin 5B and mucin 7, protein-bound sialic acid, cystatins, and lysozyme C, compared with parotid saliva. Salivary mucin 5B and mucin 7 concentrations significantly positively correlated with the salivary protein-bound sialic acid concentration. Salivary anti-IAV activity significantly positively correlated with protein-bound sialic acid, mucin 5B, mucin 7, cystatin-C, -S, and -SN concentrations.

Conclusion
Salivary mucins, cystatins, and lysozyme C contribute to the high anti-IAV activity of SMSL saliva.
Comparison of PRISM and numeric scale for self-assessment of learning progress during a clinical course in undergraduate dental students
Authors: Schmalz Gerhard , Kreher Deborah , Sensky Tom , Büchi Stefan , Ziebolz Dirk 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To compare Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure (PRISM) and a numeric scale for self-reflection in dental students.

Methods
Fourth year dental students were randomly assigned to each receive one interview based on PRISM or a numeric scale to self-assess their competencies at the beginning (t1), the middle (t2) and the end (t3) of integrated clinical course. Questionnaires were used to assess self-perceived benefit of the interviews at each time points.

Results
Students in PRISM group perceived a higher benefit regarding the self-assessment of their practical skills at all time points (P < 0.05), for theoretical knowledge at t2 and t3 (P < 0.05) and reaching the course objectives at t3 (P = 0.04). At all time points, PRISM group rated their interview (P = 0.04), the applied instrument (PRISM, P = 0.01) and the benefit of the combination of both higher than numeric scale group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
In this preliminary study, PRISM was superior against a numeric scale and can be recommended for dental education to facilitate self-assessment.
Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of Cryptosporidium species in the saffron finch Sicalis flaveola
Authors: de Oliveira Francisco Carlos Rodrigues , Gallo Samira Salim Mello , Elizeu Taynara Kerolayne Santos , Ederli Nicole Brand 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Cryptosporidium is the most common protozoan that can infect a wide variety of animals, including mammals and birds. Fecal samples of six saffron finches, Sicalis flaveola, from a commercial establishment were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium by the modified Ziehl–Neelsen technique and nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene followed by sequencing of the amplified fragments.

Results
The species Cryptosporidium galli was identified in all six saffron fiches, in addition to Cryptosporidium andersoni in one of the birds, indicating a mixed infection. Only two birds had feathers that were ruffled and dirty with feces. Concomitant infection with Isospora spp. was observed in all birds.

Conclusions
Saffron finches are a possible host of C. andersoni and this is the first report of this species in a captive bird and the third report of parasitism by C. galli in Sicalis flaveola.
High-yield α-humulene production in Yarrowia lipolytica from waste cooking oil based on transcriptome analysis and metabolic engineering
Authors: Guo Qi , Peng Qian-Qian , Chen Ying-Ying , Song Ping , Ji Xiao-Jun , Huang He , Shi Tian-Qiong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
α-Humulene is an important biologically active sesquiterpene, whose heterologous production in microorganisms is a promising alternative biotechnological process to plant extraction and chemical synthesis. In addition, the reduction of production expenses is also an extremely critical factor in the sustainable and industrial production of α-humulene. In order to meet the requirements of industrialization, finding renewable substitute feedstocks such as low cost or waste substrates for terpenoids production remains an area of active research.

Results
In this study, we investigated the feasibility of peroxisome-engineering strain to utilize waste cooking oil (WCO) for high production of α-humulene while reducing the cost. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis revealed differences in gene expression levels with different carbon sources. The results showed that single or combination regulations of target genes identified by transcriptome were effective to enhance the α-humulene titer. Finally, the engineered strain could produce 5.9 g/L α‐humulene in a 5‐L bioreactor.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that converted WCO to α-humulene in peroxisome-engineering strain. These findings provide valuable insights into the high-level production of α-humulene in Y. lipolytica and its utilization in WCO bioconversion.

Graphical Abstract
Combination of genetic engineering and random mutagenesis for improving production of raw-starch-degrading enzymes in Penicillium oxalicum
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Tan Ming-Zhu , Wang Rui-Xian , Ye Fa-Ting , Chen Yuan-Peng , Luo Xue-Mei , Feng Jia-Xun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Raw starch-degrading enzyme (RSDE) is applied in biorefining of starch to produce biofuels efficiently and economically. At present, RSDE is obtained via secretion by filamentous fungi such as Penicillium oxalicum. However, high production cost is a barrier to large-scale industrial application. Genetic engineering is a potentially efficient approach for improving production of RSDE. In this study, we combined genetic engineering and random mutagenesis of P. oxalicum to enhance RSDE production.

Results
A total of 3619 mutated P. oxalicum colonies were isolated after six rounds of ethyl methanesulfonate and Co60-γ-ray mutagenesis with the strain A2-13 as the parent strain. Mutant TE4-10 achieved the highest RSDE production of 218.6 ± 3.8 U/mL with raw cassava flour as substrate, a 23.2% compared with A2-13. Simultaneous deletion of transcription repressor gene PoxCxrC and overexpression of activator gene PoxAmyR in TE4-10 resulted in engineered strain GXUR001 with an RSDE yield of 252.6 U/mL, an increase of 15.6% relative to TE4-10. Comparative transcriptomics and real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed that transcriptional levels of major amylase genes, including raw starch-degrading glucoamylase gene PoxGA15A, were markedly increased in GXUR001. The hydrolysis efficiency of raw flour from cassava and corn by crude RSDE of GXUR001 reached 93.0% and 100%, respectively, after 120 h and 84 h with loading of 150 g/L of corresponding substrate.

Conclusions
Combining genetic engineering and random mutagenesis efficiently enhanced production of RSDE by P. oxalicum. The RSDE-hyperproducing mutant GXUR001 was generated, and its crude RSDE could efficiently degrade raw starch. This strain has great potential for enzyme preparation and further genetic engineering.
Object recognition and localization enhancement in visual prostheses: a real-time mixed reality simulation
Authors: Elnabawy Reham H. , Abdennadher Slim , Hellwich Olaf , Eldawlatly Seif 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBlindness is a main threat that affects the daily life activities of any human. Visual prostheses have been introduced to provide artificial vision to the blind with the aim of allowing them to restore confidence and independence. In this article, we propose an approach that involves four image enhancement techniques to facilitate object recognition and localization for visual prostheses users. These techniques are clip art representation of the objects, edge sharpening, corner enhancement and electrode dropout handling. The proposed techniques are tested in a real-time mixed reality simulation environment that mimics vision perceived by visual prostheses users. Twelve experiments were conducted to measure the performance of the participants in object recognition and localization. The experiments involved single objects, multiple objects and navigation. To evaluate the performance of the participants in objects recognition, we measure their recognition time, recognition accuracy and confidence level. For object localization, two metrics were used to measure the performance of the participants which are the grasping attempt time and the grasping accuracy. The results demonstrate that using all enhancement techniques simultaneously gives higher accuracy, higher confidence level and less time for recognizing and grasping objects in comparison to not applying the enhancement techniques or applying pair-wise combinations of them. Visual prostheses could benefit from the proposed approach to provide users with an enhanced perception.
The state of the art and future trends of root canal files from the perspective of patent analysis: a study design
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Sun Jianpeng , Huang Zhiyuan , Bi Zhuming , Yu Guang , Yang Jingwen , Wang Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe goal of this review is to present a detailed and comprehensive description of the published work from the past decade regarding methods of improved material, geometric design, and additional functions in root canal files. The main improved methods of files and the most common technologies were further addressed, underlining their advantages and main limitations. Online databases (the Derwent Innovations Index) were consulted on this topic. Published work from 2010 to 2022 was collected and analyzed the relevant papers were chosen for inclusion in this review. The patent map classified the latest phase of the root canal files based on the analysis of the number of patents. The performance of the root canal files, such as materials. Directly affects the quality of the root canal therapy. We provided a thorough review of advances in the field of root canal files. In particular, three categories of improved methods were examined and compared, including material-based methods, geometry-based methods, and those based on additional functions. To understand this state of the art of different improved methods of root canal files, we conducted a literature analysis and a series of comparisons between different methods. The features and limitations of each method of root canal files were further discussed. Finally, we identified promising research directions in advancing the methods for the improved performance of root canal files. There is no perfect technology for all material/geometric design/additional functions, capable alone of fulfilling all the specificity and necessities of every patient. Although it is very promising, the material of the files remains understudied, and further work is required to make material science a pervasive technology in root canal therapy, and contribute to endodontic and periapical diseases by assisting in the subsequent development of root canal files.
Socioecological predictors of breastfeeding practices in rural eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Magalhães Marina , Ojeda Amanda , Mechlowitz Karah , Brittain Kaitlin , Daniel Jenna , Roba Kedir Teji , Hassen Jemal Yousuf , Manary Mark J. , Gebreyes Wondwossen A. , Havelaar Arie H. , McKune Sarah L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Estimates by the World Health Organization indicate that over 800,000 global neonatal deaths each year are attributed to deviations from recommended best practices in infant feeding. Identifying factors promoting ideal breastfeeding practices may facilitate efforts to decrease neonatal and infant death rates and progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals set for 2030. Though numerous studies have identified the benefits of breastfeeding in reducing the risk of childhood undernutrition, infection and illness, and mortality in low- and middle-income countries, no studies have explored predictors of breastfeeding practices in rural eastern Ethiopia, where undernutrition is widespread.
The aim of this study is to examine predictors of infant feeding practices in Haramaya, Ethiopia, using a multi-level conceptual framework.

Methods
This study uses data collected from household questionnaires during the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) project among 102 households in the Haramaya woreda, Eastern Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia, and investigates factors influencing breastfeeding practices: early initiation, prelacteal feeding, and untimely complementary feeding.

Results
Nearly half (47.9%) of infants in this study were non-exclusively breastfed (n = 96). Generalized liner mixed effects models of breastfeeding practices revealed that prelacteal feeding may be a common practice in the region (43.9%, n = 98) and characterized by gender differences (p = .03). No factors evaluated were statistically significantly predictive of early initiation and untimely complementary feeding (82% and 14%, respectively). Severely food insecure mothers had more than 72% lower odds of early breastfeeding initiation, and participants who self-reported as being illiterate had 1.53 times greater odds of untimely complementary feeding (95% CI, [0.30,7.69]) followed by male children having 1.45 greater odds of being untimely complementary fed compared to female (95% CI,[0.40,5.37]).

Conclusions
This study found high rates of prelacteal feeding and low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, with girls more likely to be exclusively breastfed. While no predictors evaluated in this multi-level framework were associated with prevalence of early initiation or complementary feeding, rates may be clinically meaningful in a region burdened by undernutrition. Findings raise questions about gendered breastfeeding norms, the under-examined role of khat consumption on infant feeding, and the complex factors that affect breastfeeding practices in this region. This information may be used to guide future research questions and inform intervention strategies.
Serum versus synovial fluid interleukin-6 for periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 30 diagnostic test accuracy studies
Authors: Li Jian , Zhou Qian , Deng Biquan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Early and accurate detection of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after hip and/or knee arthroplasty remains challenging. This systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum and synovial fluid interleukin (IL)-6 in detecting PJI.

Methods
We searched 3 databases for studies through December 31, 2021, using medical sub-headings terms and keywords. Studies reported sensitivity and specificity of serum and synovial fluid IL-6 in detecting PJI were considered. We calculated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum and synovial fluid IL-6.

Results
Thirty studies were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, DOR, and AUC of serum IL-6 in detecting PJI were 0.76 (0.69–0.81), 0.88 (0.82–0.92), 6.2 (4.3–9.0), 0.28 (0.22–0.35), 22 (14–36), and 0.88 (0.85–0.91), respectively. However, synovial fluid IL-6 achieved a pooled sensitivity of 0.87 (0.75–0.93), specificity of 0.90 (0.85–0.93), positive and negative likelihood ratio of 8.5 (5.3–13.6) and 0.15 (0.08–0.29), DOR of 57 (21–156), and AUC of 0.94 (0.92–0.96), which were higher than serum IL-6.

Conclusions
Synovial fluid IL-6 test may be a promising test for PJI after hip and/or knee arthroplasty. However, considering the limited volume of synovial fluid and invasive acquisition of synovial fluid IL-6, serum IL-6 test may be also considered.
The characteristics of blood transfusion and analysis of preoperative factors associated with intraoperative blood transfusion in congenital heart surgery: a case–control study
Authors: Yin Ming-wei , Chen Bao-hai , Chen Xue-jun , Zhang Tao , Jin Jie , Xu Jun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Blood transfusion is a common and life-saving procedure in congenital heart surgery (CHS), and it is critical for patients to identify risk factors prior to surgery. Our objective is to conduct an analysis of the preoperative factors that influence blood use during CHS and to offer guidance on preoperative blood preparation.

Methods
A total of 1550 cases were retrospectively analyzed in our institution between May 2019 and June 2020. We determined whether to employ red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, and plasma as dependent variables; we treated the data from characteristics and laboratory tests as binary data, except for the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS) methods as multinomial data, and finally taken into binary logistic regression analysis.

Results
The total amounts of transfused RBCs, platelets, and plasma were 850.5 U (N = 713, 46%), 159 U (N = 21, 1.4%), and 1374.2 U (N = 953, 61.5%), respectively. Multivariate analysis found age (OR 0.142, 95% CI 0.099–0.203, P < 0.001), weight (0.170, 0.111–0.262, P < 0.001) RACHS method (RACHS2 vs. RACHS1, 3.444, 2.521–4.704, P < 0.001; RACHS3 vs. RACHS1, 9.333, 4.731–18.412, P < 0.001; RACHS4 vs. RACHS1, 31.327, 2.916–336.546, P = 0.004), and hemoglobin (0.524, 0.315–0.871, P = 0.013) to be independent risk predictors of RBC transfused volume; age (9.911, 1.008–97.417, P = 0.049), weight (0.029, 0.003–0.300, P = 0.029), RACHS method (RACHS3 vs. RACHS1, 13.001, 2.482–68.112, P = 0.002; RACHS4 vs. RACHS1, 59.748, 6.351–562.115, P < 0.001) to be platelets; and age (0.488, 0.352–0.676, P < 0.001), weight (0.252, 0.164–0.386, P < 0.001), RACHS method (RACHS2 vs. RACHS1, 2.931, 2.283–3.764, P < 0.001; RACHS3 vs. RACHS1, 10.754, 4.751–24.342, P < 0.001), APTT (1.628, 1.058–2.503, P = 0.027), and PT (2.174, 1.065–4.435, P = 0.033) to be plasma.

Conclusion
Although patients' age, weight, routine blood test, coagulation function, and protein levels should all be considered for preparing blood before CHS, the RACHS method is the most important factor influencing intraoperative blood transfused volume and should be considered first in clinical blood preparation.
Does in‐shoe pressure analysis to assess and modify medical grade footwear improve patient adherence and understanding? A mixed methods study
Authors: McDonogh Clare , Nube Vanessa L. , Frank Georgina , Twigg Stephen M. , Penkala Stefania , Holloway Samantha , Snyder Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMedical grade footwear (MGF) with demonstrated plantar‐pressure reducing effect is recommended to reduce the risk of diabetes‐related foot ulceration (DFU). Efficacy of MGF relies on high adherence (≥ 80%). In‐shoe pressure analysis (IPA) is used to assess and modify MGF, however, there is limited evidence for the impact on patient adherence and understanding of MGF. The primary aim of this study was to determine if self‐reported adherence to MGF usage in patients with previous DFU improved following IPA compared to adherence measured prior. The secondary aim was to determine if patient understanding of MGF improved following in‐shoe pressure analysis.MethodsPatients with previous DFU fitted with MGF in the last 12 months were recruited. The first three participants were included in a pilot study to test procedures and questionnaires. MGF was assessed and modified at Week 0 based on findings from IPA using the Pedar system (Novel). Patients completed two questionnaires, one assessing patient adherence to MGF at Week 0 and Week 4, the other assessing patient understanding of MGF before and after IPA at week 0. Patient understanding was measured using a 5‐point Likert scale (strongly disagree 1 to strongly agree 5). Patient experience was assessed via a telephone questionnaire administered between Weeks 0–1.ResultsFifteen participants were recruited, and all completed the study. Adherence of ≥ 80% to MGF usage inside the home was 13.3% (n = 2) pre‐IPA and 20.0% (n = 3) at Week 4. Outside the home, ≥ 80% adherence to MGF was 53.3% (n = 8) pre‐IPA, and 80.0% (n = 12) at Week 4. Change in scores for understanding of MGF were small, however, all participants reported that undergoing the intervention was worthwhile and beneficial.ConclusionsSelf‐reported adherence inside the home demonstrated minimal improvement after 4 weeks, however, adherence of ≥ 80% outside the home increased by 27%, with 80% of all participants reporting high adherence at Week 4. Participants rated their learnings from the experience of IPA as beneficial.