bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross Sectional Study into Drug Abuse among Youth and Its Association with Socio-demographic and Risk Factors in District Kangra of Himachal Pradesh, India.
Authors: Katoch Madhur , Nitima  , Pathania Raj 
Published: April 2023

Aim: Substance abuse has a detrimental impact on an individual, families and communities posing major public health challenges. Therefore, the present study has been designed to study the level of prevalence of drug abuse among youth and its association with socio demographic and various risk factors.
Methodology: The present research was conducted among 500 students in the age range of 12-25 years. The study was conducted in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh, India. Out of total 15 blocks from Kangra, five blocks were randomly selected. From these selected blocks five schools and five colleges (one school and one college from each block) were selected for data collection. “The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)” and self-structured questionnaire were administered to the sample to collect data.
Results: It was revealed that tobacco was the most abused substance (29.2%) followed by alcohol (28.2%) and inhalants (11.8%). Less than 10 per cent of sample used other substances at least once in their lifetime. Moderate level of drug prevalence of drugs was found among study subjects. A highly significant association was observed between factors like age, type of educational institutes, mother’s occupation, bad company, peer pressure, curiosity, and use of drugs by parents with prevalent drug abuse among youth.
Conclusion: It was concluded from the results that use of varied drugs like tobacco, alcohol, inhalants was found to be prevalent among youth. Moderate level of prevalence was reported for drugs like tobacco, cannabis, sedatives, opioids, inhalants and amphetamines. It is a matter of concern for them as they are at risk of health and other problems from their current pattern of substance use. A brief intervention has to be provided for them in terms of awareness and treatment from health professionals or by a specialist in drug and alcohol treatment service.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Aquatic Plant Trapa natans L.-Medicinal Aquatic Plant
Authors: Kiruba R. Mercelin , Christobel G. Johnsi , Mini J. Josphin , Sankaralingam S. , Venkatesh S. , Sundari A. , Soorya C. 
Published: April 2023

Trapa natans L.; (water chestnut) is an aquatic plant. The whole plant has various medicinal values but it is less known. The purpose of the study was carried out to reveal phytochemicals and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the whole plant Trapa natans. The whole plants were shade dried and powdered. The solvents used to extract were ethanol, methanol, aqueous, chloroform and hexane. The extracts were tested for the antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method. The bacterial strains used were Straphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsilla pneumonia, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis. The strains used for fungal activity were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Candida albicans.
Antimicrobial activities of the extract were determined by zone of inhibition by using the disc diffusion method. Maximum antibacterial activity was obtained in ethanol and methanol extract. Hexane and aqueous showed least activity in gram positive strain and did not show any activity in gram negative strain. Antifungal activity showed maximum zone in Candida albicans in methanol extract. Hexane and aqueous extract did not show any activity. The present investigation on the plant Trapa natans has revealed that the ethanol and methanol showed maximum antimicrobial activity.
Reports on Plasmodium falciparum Histidine Rich Protein 2/3 Gene Deletions among African Countries between January 2010 and December 2021 Employed Different Methodological Approaches: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sylvester Boniphace 
Published: April 2023

Background: Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2/3 gene deletions (Pfhrp2/3gd) threatens usefulness of mRDT in diagnosing malaria cases. This review was performed to assess the methods used to report findings on those deletions between January 2010 and December 2021.
Methods: Present search was performed using Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed.
Results: Out of 94 articles identified, 19% (n=18) were included. Reviewed articles varied in methods employed to report those deletions.
Conclusion: Methodological approaches for the Reports between January 2010 and December 2021 on Pfhrp2/3gd are varying and this implies that the findings may not be generalized. Prospective studies aiming at assessing Pfhrp2/3gd need to consider WHO guidelines since such studies are important in assessing the magnitude of Pfhrp2/3gd and therefore provide information towards formulating and change of policies aiming at malaria control.
Acute Pancreatitis- A Lesser-known Complication of Celphos Poisoning- A Case Report
Authors: Raina Rohit , Jain Vikram , Thokchom Nonita , Agarwal Mayank , Gupta Vinod , Jha Dipesh , Pathania Monika 
Published: April 2023

Aluminium phosphide is used to control rodents and pests in grain storage facilities. It is readily available as a fumigant for stored cereal grains and sold under various brand names such as QuickPhos, Salphos and Celphos. It acts by causing cellular hypoxia by its effect on mitochondria, causing inhibition of cytochrome C and by free radicals induced injury with no available antidote. Aluminium phosphide affects various systems, more commonly causing gastrointestinal tract irritation causing marked abdominal pain, shock with refractory hypotension by direct toxicity to heart and various arrythmias, acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure. Less common features include hepatotoxicity, intravascular haemolysis with methemoglobinemia and/or renal failure. Here we present a case of 24-year-oldnon-alcoholic male, with history of ingestion of approximately6grams of Celphos. At presentation he was drowsy with 2 episodes of vomiting immediately after ingestion of toxin. On subsequent investigations patient was found to have acute pancreatitis which responded to standard fluid resuscitation and acute kidney injury for which 3 episodes of haemodialysis were required. His condition subsequently improved and did not require further dialysis.
There have been only few case reports on aluminium phosphide poisoning primarily causing acute pancreatitis and acute kidney injury. In this case report, we present the case of a young man presented with consumption of aluminium phosphide and then developed acute pancreatitis and acute kidney injury without involvement of other organ systems including heart.
Multifunctionalized Safe Separator Toward Practical Sodium‐Metal Batteries with High‐Performance under High Mass Loading
Authors: Li Menghong , Lu Guanjie , Zheng Weikang , Zhao Qiannan , Li Zhipeng , Jiang Xiaoping , Yang Zuguang , Li Zongyang , Qu Baihua , Xu Chaohe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroducing sodium as anode to develop sodium metal batteries (SMBs) is a promising approach for improving the energy density of sodium‐ion batteries. However, fatal problems, such as uncontrollable sodium dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in low‐cost carbonate‐based electrolytes, and serious safety issues, greatly impede the practical applications. Here, a multifunctionalized separator is rationally designed, by coating PP separator (<25 µm) with a solid‐state NASICON‐type fast ionic conductor layer (NZSP@PP) to replace the widely used thick glass fiber separator (>200 µm) and successfully solves all of the above problems, and for the first time creats high performance SMBs by using Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathodes in pouch cell. The Na||NVP full cells can stably cycle over 1200 times with capacity retention of 80% at a high rate of 10 C and deliver a specific capacity of 80 mAh g−1 even at high rate of 30 C, indicating extraordinary fast‐charging characters. The full SMBs can also stably cycle 200 times with a retention of 96.4% under high NVP loading of 10.7 mg cm−2. Most importantly, the SMB pouch cell can also deliver a long‐life cycles as well as high‐temperature battery performance, which guarantees the safety of SMBs in practical application.
Inhibition of Tumor Metastasis by Liquid‐Nitrogen‐Shocked Tumor Cells with Oncolytic Viruses Infection
Authors: Wu Qing , Huang Hanwei , Sun Mengchi , Zhang Ruizhe , Wang Junxia , Zheng Hanqi , Zhu Chaojie , Yang Shihua , Shen Xinyuan , Shi Jiaqi , Liu Feng , Wu Wei , Sun Jin , Liu Funan , Li Hongjun , Gu Zhen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite the superior tumor lytic efficacy of oncolytic viruses (OVs), their systemic delivery still faces the challenges of limited circulating periods, poor tumor tropism, and spontaneous antiviral immune responses. Herein, a virus‐concealed tumor‐targeting strategy enabling OVs‘ delivery toward lung metastasis via systemic administration is described. The OVs can actively infect, be internalized, and cloak into tumor cells. Then the tumor cells are subsequently treated with liquid‐nitrogen‐shocking to eliminate the pathogenicity. Such a Trojan Horse‐like vehicle avoids virus neutralization and clearance in the bloodstream and facilitates tumor‐targeted delivery for more than 110‐fold virus enrichment in the tumor metastasis. In addition, this strategy can serve as a tumor vaccine and initiate endogenous adaptive antitumor effects through increasing the memory T cells and modulating the tumor immune microenvironment, including reducing the M2 macrophage, downregulating Treg cells, and priming T cells.
Highly Ordered Supramolecular Materials of Phase‐Separated Block Molecules for Long‐Range Exciton Transport
Authors: van Son Martin H. C. , Berghuis Anton M. , de Waal Bas F. M. , Wenzel Felix A. , Kreger Klaus , Schmidt Hans‐Werner , Rivas Jaime Gómez , Vantomme Ghislaine , Meijer E. W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEfficient energy transport over long distances is essential for optoelectronic and light‐harvesting devices. Although self‐assembled nanofibers of organic molecules are shown to exhibit long exciton diffusion lengths, alignment of these nanofibers into films with large, organized domains with similar properties remains a challenge. Here, it is shown how the functionalization ofC3‐symmetric carbonyl‐bridged triarylamine trisamide (CBT) with oligodimethylsiloxane (oDMS) side chains of discrete length leads to fully covered surfaces with aligned domains up to 125 × 70 µm2in which long‐range exciton transport takes place. The nanoscale morphology within the domains consists of highly ordered nanofibers with discrete intercolumnar spacings within a soft amorphousoDMS matrix. TheoDMS prevents bundling of the CBT fibers, reducing the number of defects within the CBT columns. As a result, the columns have a high degree of coherence, leading to exciton diffusion lengths of a few hundred nanometers with exciton diffusivities (≈0.05 cm2s−1) that are comparable to those of a crystalline tetracene. These findings represent the next step toward fully covered surfaces of highly aligned nanofibers through functionalization withoDMS.
DBSDS: A dual‐blockchain security data sharing model with supervision and privacy‐protection
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Ma Zhaofeng , Luo Shoushan , Wang Shushuang , Duan Pengfei , Liu Xiao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of big data technology and applications, sharing and supervision of massive data have become the demand of industry development. As an emerging technology, blockchain, with excellent characteristics, can promote the prosperity and development of the data‐sharing industry. However, the existing blockchain may lead to some privacy and security issues due to its transparency and lack of supervision. Hence, a secure data sharing model with supervision and privacy protection, named DBSDS, was proposed, which supports illegal content supervision and users revocation, and possesses flexible and fine‐grained access control on data sharing. Firstly, it introduces a dual‐blockchain architecture, one blockchain is used to ensure the integrity and traceability of private data and another is utilized to supervise illegal users so that they can no longer upload and share private data. Secondly, a key tracing tree was built and correspondingly different key generation strategies for different users were designed, which endows regulators with supervision capabilities. Finally, combined ABPER‐KS algorithm, both privacy protection and fine‐grained access control on private data can be accomplished. Furthermore, security analysis and performance comparison manifest that DBSDS is safe and owns better performance, and scheme implementation and experimental analysis indicate the practicality of DBSDS.
Using near‐infrared spectroscopy to investigate the effects of pressures and durations of cupping therapy on muscle blood volume and oxygenation
Authors: Li Yameng , Mo Pu‐Chun , Lin Cheng‐Feng , Pauly Serah , Kundal Nikeeta , Hernandez Manuel E. , Jan Yih‐Kuen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCupping therapy has been widely used to manage musculoskeletal impairment. However, the effects of pressure and duration of cupping therapy on the hemodynamic activity of the muscle have not been investigated. A 2 × 2 repeated measures factorial design was used to examine the main effect and interaction of pressure (−225 and −300 mmHg) and duration (5 and 10 min) on biceps muscle blood flow using near‐infrared spectroscopy in 18 participants. The results showed that a significant interaction is between pressure and duration on deoxy‐hemoglobin (p = 0.045). A significant main effect of pressure is on oxyhemoglobin (p = 0.005) and a significant main effect of duration is on oxyhemoglobin (p = 0.005). Cupping therapy at −300 mmHg for 10 min results in a higher oxyhemoglobin (6.75 ± 2.08 μM) and deoxy‐hemoglobin (1.71 ± 0.78 μM) compared to other three combinations. Our study provides first evidence that the pressure and duration factors of cupping therapy can significantly affect muscle blood volume and oxygenation.
MitoEVs: A new player in multiple disease pathology and treatment
Authors: Zhou Xiyue , Liu Shuyun , Lu Yanrong , Wan Meihua , Cheng Jingqiu , Liu Jingping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMitochondrial damage plays vital roles in the pathology of many diseases, such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, aging, metabolic diseases and many types of organ injury. However, the regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial functions among different cells or organs in vivo is still unclear, and efficient therapies for attenuating mitochondrial damage are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell‐derived nanovesicles that can deliver bioactive cargoes among cells or organs. Interestingly, recent evidence shows that diverse mitochondrial contents are enriched in certain EV subpopulations, and such mitoEVs can deliver mitochondrial components to affect the functions of recipient cells under different conditions, which has emerged as a hot topic in this field. However, the overview and many essential questions with respect to this event remain elusive. In this review, we provide a global view of mitoEVs biology and mainly focus on the detailed sorting mechanisms, functional mitochondrial contents, and diverse biological effects of mitoEVs. We also discuss the pathogenic or therapeutic roles of mitoEVs in different diseases and highlight their potential as disease biomarkers or therapies in clinical translation. This review will provide insights into the pathology and drug development for various mitochondrial injury‐related diseases.
A case report of CBD and THC as analgesic therapy in a cat with chronic osteoarthritic pain
Authors: Gutierre E , Crosignani N , García‐Carnelli C , di Mateo A , Recchi L 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA 10‐year‐old mixed breed male cat presented with clinical signs related to chronic orthopaedic pain. Upon physical examination, pain was noted, based on the feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index (FMPI). An analgesic treatment with a full spectrum cannabis oil (1.8% CBD and 0.8% THC) was proposed for 30 days (0,5 mg/kg based on CBD). The FMPI scale score decreased more than 50%. This case reported a satisfactory outcome for the patient and the owner, although this medication could increase ALT. Given the paucity of literature published to date on the treatment of veterinary species with cannabis‐based medications, further clinical and pharmacokinetic studies are necessary to study the safety and efficacy of its use.
A classification‐prediction joint framework to accelerate QTMT‐based CU partition of inter‐mode VVC
Authors: Peng Zixiao , Shen Liquan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAiming at accelerating the inter coding of versatile video coding (VVC), the existing deep‐learning‐based methods utilize a single convolutional neural network (CNN) to directly predict the quadtree plus multi‐type tree (QTMT)‐based partition of the whole coding tree unit (CTU). However, these methods adopt one prediction network for unevenly distributed CTUs and ignore that the different CTUs have different partition prediction difficulties, leading to performance degradation and computation waste. To overcome these limitations, a classification‐prediction joint framework is proposed to accelerate inter coding of VVC in this letter, which combines classification and prediction to process different CTUs through different networks with appropriate capacities. To achieve effective partition prediction of the whole CTU, the QTMT‐based partition is first modeled as the partition homogeneity map (PHM), which is a value map reflecting the partition of each 8× 8 unit. Second, the classification module classifies the CTUs into different classes according to their partition prediction difficulty, and then different prediction sub‐networks with appropriate capacities are utilized to predict the PHM for the corresponding CTU class. Finally, the decision tree (DT) is adopted to determine the optimal split modes based on the predicted PHM. Experimental results show that the approach achieves 44.5% time saving with 1.94% BD‐BR increase, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
An ultra‐low quiescent current tri‐mode DC–DC boost converter with 95.6% peak efficiency for internet of things application
Authors: Zheng Lixia , Song Zhuli , Guo Pengyu , Guo Junjie , Chang Changyuan , Huang Peirong , Lu Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn ultra‐low quiescent current tri‐mode DC–DC boost converter is proposed in this paper, which can efficiently handle loads from 1 μA to 300 mA, providing 5‐V output from 3 to 4.2‐V input. Hysteresis current mode control is adopted to realize seamless mode switching between continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In order to deal with the light load situation, this paper proposes a quasi burst mode (QBM). In this mode, most of the modules are turned off and only the QBM controller, low‐power current bias and sample and hold circuit are retained, which significantly reduces the static current of the converter, and thus improves the light load efficiency. Meanwhile, the average current of error amplifier and comparator are reduced significantly by dynamic biasing. Finally, the efficiency of the converter is greatly improved and kept at a reasonable output ripple. The proposed converter is implemented in a 0.13‐μm BCD process design and manufacturing. The test results show that the quiescent current of the converter is only 780 nA, which can achieve a peak efficiency of 95.6%, and ensure that the efficiency is maintained above 80% in the load range of 10 μA to 300 mA.
Impact of Presence, Level, and Closure of a Stoma on Growth in Young Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Eeftinck Schattenkerk Laurens Donald , Vogel Irene , de Jong Justin R. , Tanis Pieter J. , Gorter Ramon , Tabbers Merit , van Heurn L. W. Ernest , Musters Gijsbert , Derikx Joep P. M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction A stoma will cause nutrients loss which could result in impaired growth. Impaired growth can negatively impact long-term development. This study aims to evaluate: (1) the effect of stomas on growth comparing small bowel stoma versus colostomy and (2) if early closure (within 6 weeks), proximal small bowel stoma (within 50 cm of Treitz), major small bowel resection (≥ 30 cm), or adequate sodium supplementation (urinary level ≤ 30 mmol/L) influences growth.
Methods Young children (≤ 3 years) treated with stomas between 1998 and 2018 were retrospectively identified. Growth was measured with weight-for-age Z-scores. Malnourishment was defined using the World Health Organization's definition. Comparison between changes in Z-scores at creation, closure, and a year following closure was done by Friedman's test with post hoc Wilcoxon's signed rank test or Wilcoxon's rank-sum test when necessary.
Results In the presence of a stoma in 172 children, 61% showed growth decline. Severe malnourishment was seen at the time of stoma closure in 51% of the patients treated by small bowel stoma and 16% of those treated by colostomy. Within a year following stoma closure, 67% showed a positive growth trend. Having a proximal small bowel stoma and undergoing major small bowel resection led to significantly lower Z-scores at closure. Adequate sodium supplementation and early closure did not lead to significant changes in Z-scores.
Conclusion Stomas have a negative impact on growth in the majority of children. This impact might be decreased by preventing small bowel stomas when possible, specifically proximal stomas, and limiting small bowel resection. Since stoma closure is essential in reversing the negative effect on growth, we opt that early closure might result in an early shift to catch-up growth.
Persistently non-compliant employment practice in the informal economy: permissive visibility in a multiple regulator setting
Authors: Clark Ian , Collins Alan , Hunter James , Pickford Richard , Barratt Jack , Fearnall-Williams Huw 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The growing significance of non-compliant employment practice in the British economy has motivated scrutiny of the effectiveness of current regulation. In some markets, charges of labour exploitation, underpayment of the national minimum wage and associated ‘wage theft’ from workers are rife where business operations are characterised by academics, regulators and stakeholders as exuding ‘permissive visibility’. The current landscape of enforcement and regulation of informal business and employment practices features complex structural and operational issues for regulators subject to tight resource constraints. These enable permissiveness and offer scope for strategic regulatory tolerance of some violation types, possibly to raise compliance rates for other types of violations. Drawing on extensive empirical evidence and qualitative data sources in one market sector (hand car washes), this study investigates some key hypotheses focussing on compliance and responses by businesses and regulators to the extant regulatory regime. These inform a pragmatic institutional analysis considering the merits of some movement towards a single enforcement body instead of the existing arrangements featuring multiple regulatory institutions.