bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Spray Kinetic Parameters on Coating Properties in Plasma Spray Process
Authors: Liu T. , Ma Y. , Zheng L. , Zhang H. , Zhang G. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, a three-dimensional coating build-up model is developed to investigate the effect of torch speed, spray angle, and step size on plasma-sprayed coatings. In-flight particle locations and status prior to impact are measured and the data obtained are fed into the model. The model is used to predict the thickness, roughness, and porosity of plasma-sprayed coatings for different spray angles, torch scanning speeds, and scanning steps. Simulation results are presented and discussed along with several rules that govern splat deformation, splat overlap, and pore formation.
Super-Hydrophobic Surface Prepared by Lanthanide Oxide Ceramics Deposition Through PS-PVD Process
Authors: Li J. , Li C. X. , Chen Q. Y. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, superhydrophobic samaria-doped ceria coatings are produced by plasma spray physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) followed by fluorination treatment. Samples are sprayed at distances of 300, 400, and 500 mm in order to obtain surfaces with different morphology. SEM examination shows that the surfaces have a hierarchical structure with island-like features consisting of nanoparticles, the size of which is shown to influence sliding behavior. The superhydrophobic coating surfaces also exhibited good stability in repeated adhesive-tape tear tests.
Improved Corrosion Resistance and Electrical Insulation Behavior of Plasma Sprayed Alumina Coatings Treated by Inorganic Sealant
Authors: Shao F. , Zhao H. , Yang K. , Liu C. , Tao S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, alumina coatings are deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and sealed using an aluminum phosphate solution containing a small fraction of alumina nanoparticles. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and salt spray tests are used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of both the as-sprayed and sealed coating samples. Besides improving corrosion resistance, the sealing treatments are also shown to increase the electrical resistance of the coatings, making them better electrical insulators.
Modification of Thermal Transport Properties of Ar-H2 Working Gases by Calcium-Phosphate Precursors Used for Suspension Plasma Spraying of HA Coatings
Authors: Candidato R. T. , Pateyron B. , Denoirjean A. , Pawlowski L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
During suspension plasma spraying, the evaporation of liquid from the solution precursor alters the composition of the working gases thereby changing their thermal transport properties. This aim of this work is to better understand how aqueous calcium-phosphate, used in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite, affects thermal transport in Ar-H2 plasma gas mixtures. Transport properties of the working gases were determined before and after injection of the precursor solution using T&TWinner, a free computational tool for thermochemistry. The results show that a significant increase occurs in the thermal conductivity of the Ar-H2 gas mixture after the injection of the calcium-phosphate solution, but there is little change in momentum transfer between the working gases and solution droplets based on viscosity calculations. Although the software predicts an increase in the heating ability of the Ar-H2 plasma jet, the absence of fully melted splats in the coatings suggests that it is not enough to melt HA particles.
TGO Formation and Failure Mode of TBC Systems Comprising PVD-AlOx Interlayers
Authors: Ali I. , Wett D. , Grund T. , Lampke T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this investigation, an air plasma sprayed TBC system consisting of a CoNiCrAlY bond coat (BC) and a YSZ topcoat (TC) is produced with a PVD AlOx interlayer in order to study its effect on thermally grown oxides. For comparative purposes, a reference TBC without the AlOx interlayer was also prepared and studied. A cyclic thermal load was applied to both systems and the coatings were examined after 6, 12, 24, 40, and 80 cycles. Crack lengths were measured in the YSZ layer and TGO thicknesses were assessed at the BC-TC interface. An examination of coating microstructures revealed the expected mixed-mode failure in both TBCs. In comparison to the reference TBC, the system with the AlOx interlayer showed reduced crack formation in the TC and slowed TGO formation at the BC-TC interface both during and after thermal treatment.
Cold Spray Onto Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Lightning Strike Protection
Authors: Che H. , Yue S. , Vo P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, metallic powders are applied to carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) substrates by low-pressure cold spraying. The coatings as well as the coating-substrate interfaces are characterized and the deposition mechanism is determined. It is shown that gas temperatures above 300°C are required for the continuous deposition of tin. These temperatures bring about partially melting, which facilitates adhesion. Accordingly, a “crack filling” mechanism is proposed to explain the deposition.
Investigation of Amorphous Iron Based Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Bobzin K. , Öte M. , Linke T. F. , Königstein T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The objective of this work is the development of highly amorphous, iron based coatings for thermal barrier applications. Based on the results of previous work, a chemical composition of Fe72Si4B20Nb4 was selected and modified in order to improve glass forming ability and corrosion resistance. Three metallic glass powder mixtures with different amounts of Cr and Fe were prepared, characterized, and deposited by air plasma and HVOF spraying. Different gas flow rates and standoff distances were used and particle temperatures and velocities were measured during spraying. The deposits were examined, tested, and compared and were found to have good potential for thermal barrier coating applications.
Evaluation of High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of a Cold Spray Ni-20Cr Nano-Structured Coating
Authors: Kumar M. , Singh H. , Singh N. , Joshi S. V. , Chavan N. M. , Kumar S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this investigation, a nanostructured NiCr coating was deposited on boiler steel by cold spraying and its oxidation behavior was evaluated under cyclic thermal conditions. Oxidation kinetics were established through weight change measurements and the oxidized samples were characterized using XRD and SEM analysis and X-ray mapping. The nanostructured coating was more than two times harder than its microstructured equivalent and in oxidation tests, reduced the weight gain of the boiler steel by 68%. The coating was found to have protective oxides in its oxide scale and was shown to be spallation-free.
Advanced Diamond-Reinforced Copper Composite Coatings Via Cold Spray and Material Characterization
Authors: Yin S. , Aldwell B. , Lupoi R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Diamond-reinforced copper matrix composites (DCMC) have great potential for heat sink applications due to their excellent thermal properties. In this investigation, thick DCMC coatings were fabricated via cold spraying using copper-clad diamond powder or its mixture with copper powder. With pure clad diamond powder, the diamond in the original feedstock was almost completely retained in the coating, which contained more than 40 wt% diamond. With mechanically mixed clad diamond and Cu powder, the diamond fraction in the coating was even larger than that of the original feedstock. It was found that the added Cu powder acts as a buffer, effectively preventing the fracture of diamond in the coating.
Erosion Behavior of Gadolinium Zirconate/YSZ Multi-Layered Thermal Barrier Coatings Deposited by Suspension Plasma Spray
Authors: Mahade S. , Curry N. , Björklund S. , Markocsan N. , Nylén P. , Vaßen R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, the current industry standard topcoat for thermal barrier coatings, 8YSZ, is deposited by suspension plasma spraying and its room-temperature erosion resistance is compared with that of SPS sprayed gadolinium zirconate/YSZ and triple-layered GZdense/GZ/YSZ. A columnar microstructure was observed in both the single- and multi-layered TBCs. Single-layer 8YSZ had a higher erosion resistance than multi-layered GZ/YSZ despite of its higher porosity among the as-sprayed coatings. In the case of the triple-layer coating, the denser top layer helped to slightly improve erosion resistance over that of the GZ/YSZ double-layer TBC.
Thermal Conductivity in Suspension Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings: Modelling and Experiments
Authors: Ganvir A. , Kumara C. , Gupta M. , Nylén P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The objective of this work is to analyze the thermal conductivity of suspension plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings using experimental techniques and finite element modeling. The results indicate that the scale of the porosity in the coating has a significant influence on thermal conductivity. Smaller grains, higher overall porosity content, and lower columnar density correspond to lower thermal conductivity. It is shown that FEA can be a powerful tool to predict the thermal conductivity of SPS thermal barrier coatings.
Investigations on the Nature of Ceramic Deposits in Plasma Spray-Physical Vapor Deposition
Authors: He W. , Mauer G. , Vaßen R. , Guillon O. , Gindrat M. , Wäger R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results confirm earlier calculations indicating that significant evaporation occurs in plasma torch nozzles. In addition, experimental work is performed, investigating the nature of ceramic deposits produced by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD), particularly coatings composed of nanosized clusters. It was found that as the hot plasma jet comes close to the relatively cool substrate, a boundary layer is formed due to the rapid drop in temperature and velocity. In summary, coatings produced by PS-PVD are a mixture of nanocluster and vapor deposition.
Effects of In-Flight Change of Properties on Suspension Plasma Spraying
Authors: Farrokhpanah A. , Coyle T. W. , Mostaghimi J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, a numerical model is developed and used to investigate changes that occur to ceramic suspensions in a plasma jet. The model accounts for atomization processes, evaporation of the fluid phase, and melting of the solid phase. Attention is also given to changes in the physical properties of the suspension mixture as the liquid phase evaporates. The findings clearly show that inclusion of a valid viscosity model is essential to understanding particle trajectories and breakup patterns. The validity of the model is evaluated for tests cases involving YSZ suspensions sprayed at different velocities, injection angles, and injector configurations. Particles for each test case are captured on substrates placed 8 cm away from the nozzle and particle counts and spatial distributions are compared.
Opportunities of Twin-Cathode System as New Suspension Plasma Spray System
Authors: Shahien M. , Suzuki M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of suspension plasma spraying with a twin-cathode gun that incorporates three plasma torches. Suspensions are fed axially through the hollowed anode of the main torch, producing a plasma that merges with radially directed plasmas from two opposing sub-torches. All of the feedstock powder is fully entrapped and melted in the combined plasmas prior to impact with the substrate surface. This leads to higher deposition efficiencies and allows high feed rates to be used during spraying. Several ceramic coatings with different melting points were fabricated using the newly developed system. Spray trials were also conducted to evaluate the extent to which microstructure can be controlled by varying suspension concentration.
Thermal Cycling Behavior of Suspension Plasma Sprayed Yttria Partially-Stabilized Zirconia Thick Thermal Barrier Coating
Authors: Zhong X. , Ni J. , Zhao H. , Shao F. , Liu C. , Tao S. , Tao W. , Wang Y. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study evaluates the thermal cycling performance of thick thermal barrier coatings (TTBCs). YSZ topcoats with segmentation cracks were deposited by suspension plasma spraying (SPS) on Ni-base superalloy substrates with the aid of a CoNiCrAlY bond coat applied by HVOF spraying. The as-sprayed SPS coatings were characterized based on surface morphology, cross-sectional microstructure, and phase composition. Thermal cycling tests were then carried out on a burner rig that heated the coating surface to 1523 K, followed by quenching to 423 K using compressed air. The SPS coatings exhibited longer thermal shock life than atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) YSZ, which is attributable to improved strain tolerance due to the presence of vertically segmented cracks.
The Influence of Heat Treatment Presence and Sequence on Oxidation Resistance of YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Akhmetgareeva A. , Baldaev S. , Mazilin I. , Baldaev L. , Il’inkova T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the influence of heat treatment on the oxidation resistance of thermal barrier coatings. The coating systems examined incorporate an APS YSZ topcoat and a HVOF NiCo bond coat. Isothermal heating tests were conducted to determine how heat treat sequences affect interdiffusion between the bond layer and substrate and the microstructure of the bond coat and ceramic topcoat. Before and after heating, specimen cross-sections were studied by SEM and EDX analysis. Preliminary results indicate that the oxidation resistance of YSZ-NiCo coatings can be improved with a suitable heat treatment, in some cases, extending elevated-temperature service life by as much as 500 h. Abstract only; no full-text paper available.
Effect of Sandblasting Pretreatment and Heat Input of APS Process on Property of Low-Temperature Soldered Joint of Tempered Glass to Steel
Authors: Li H. , Zhu T.-H. , Tillmann W. , Li Z.-X. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, steel columns are metallurgical bonded to tempered glass with the aid of atmospheric plasma spraying and low-temperature soldering. Glass surfaces were sandblasted using different grain sizes, then multilayer (Al2O3-Cu) coatings were applied at various power levels and spraying distances. Sn-Ag-Cu solder paste was then painted on the metallized glass and steel structures were set in place and soldered in a reflow oven. The interfacial bond strength of the alumina layer was measured along with the strength of the solder joint. The results are presented and correlated with sandblasting grain size and spraying heat input.
Effect of Traverse Speed on Residual Stress Distribution and Cavitation Erosion Behavior of Arc Sprayed Aluminum Bronze Coatings
Authors: Hauer M. , Krebs S. , Krömmer W. , Henkel K.-M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Within the scope of a current research project, aluminum bronze alloy wires were arc sprayed at different traverse speeds in order to influence heat transfer and hence the stress state of the coating. Microstructural, chemical, and mechanical analyses were conducted to evaluate adhesive and cohesive properties. The materials used are highly cavitation erosion resistant propeller alloys, CuAl9Ni5Fe4Mn and CuMn13Al8Fe3Ni2. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out and residual stress distribution was measured using a modified hole-drilling method.
An Investigation on the Optimization, Reliability and Repeatability Assessment of Plasma Spray Coatings Deposited Using Twin Opposing Injectors
Authors: Park K. Y. , Seshadri R. C. , Sampath S. , Yang B. I. , Kim I. S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Plasma-spray injection conditions have a major effect on particle properties and thus the characteristics of deposited coatings. In this investigation, opposing particle streams were injected into a plasma jet and the effect of different configurations and injection parameters was systematically studied. First- and second-order process maps were constructed from particle diagnostic data and in-situ beam curvature measurements, which served to guide optimization efforts.
Microstructure and Performance of WC-10Co-4Cr Coating with Ultrafine / Nanocrystalline Structures
Authors: Wang X. , Wang H. , Song X. , Liu X. , You D. , Yang T. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nanostructured WC-CoCr powder was prepared and deposited on carbon steel substrates by HVOF spraying. The coatings obtained were characterized based on phase constitution, elemental distribution, and microstructure as well as corrosion and sliding wear behaviors. X-ray diffraction was used to identify the main phase constituents and EDS analysis revealed the distribution of Co and Cr in the coating. The mechanisms involved in the formation of microstructure are discussed along with the effects of Cr on coating performance.
High Velocity Spray Deposition of WC Cermets by an Air-Oxygen Controlled Combustion Process
Authors: Parco M. , Fagoaga I. , Barykin G. , Vaquero C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An air-oxygen controlled high velocity combustion spraying process has been developed that uses a special HVOF gun and a broad range of fuel-oxidant ratios. Extremely low flame temperatures can be achieved while maintaining a supersonic flow of combustion products, thus allowing the solid state deposition of almost all industrially relevant alloys. This work deals with the development of superhard cermet coatings using conventional and fine WC-Co(Cr) powders, optimized spray parameters, and different nozzle geometries. Results are compared based on coating microhardness, toughness, and sliding wear resistance.
Performance of HVOF Sprayed Ni Based Coating on T22 Steel in Actual Boiler Environment
Authors: Bala N. , Singh H. , Prakash S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the present work, commercially available NiCr and NiCr-TiC powder blends were deposited on boiler steel substrates by HVOF spraying. To evaluate coating performance, bare and coated steel samples were placed in the superheater zone of a coal fired boiler for 15 cycles. Weight change and thickness loss were measured and the results were used to establish erosion-corrosion kinetics. XRD and SEM/EDS techniques were used to analyze the microstructure and phase composition of as-sprayed and eroded-corroded specimens. The improvement in erosion-corrosion resistance provided by the coating may be attributed to the formation of nickel and chromium oxides and spinels.
Comparative Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings Made by Atmospheric Plasma Spaying and Suspension Plasma Spraying
Authors: Gizynski M. , Chen X. , Watanabe M. , Araki H. , Kuroda S. , Pakiela Z. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work investigates the fundamental mechanical properties of SPS and APS thermal barrier coatings. SPS YSZ coatings had lower Young’s modulus values and higher interfacial toughness than APS deposited layers. The low stiffness of SPS coatings limits the elastic energy that can be stored in ceramic layers. This coupled with good interfacial toughness might make SPS deposited thermal barrier coatings less prone to delamination due to thermal cycling.
Improvement of Bonding Strength and Impact Resistance of Fe-Based Amorphous Coatings by Structure Modifications
Authors: Liu L. , Zhang C. , Wang W. , Yasir M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Amorphous coatings, despite their high strength and hardness and outstanding corrosion and wear properties, have been limited in application due to poor bonding strength and low impact resistance. This paper reviews the progress that has been made in that regard through the addition of ductile metals, ceramic particles, and polymer phases and through laminar structure design consisting of alternating amorphous and NiCrAl layers. Test results show that the composite amorphous coatings realized by the various methods exhibit significantly improved bonding strength and impact resistance along with their other superior properties.
High Temperature Corrosion of Selected Thermally Sprayed Coatings Deposited by HVOF Technology
Authors: Česánek Z. , Schubert J. , Houdková Š. , Matikainen V. , Koivuluoto H. , Vuoristo P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper summarizes the results of high-temperature corrosion and erosion tests conducted on a wide range of coating materials, including Cr3C2-NiCr, Cr3C2-CoNiCrAlY, TiMoCN-Ni, Stellite 6, NiCrBSi, and Hastelloy C-276. All coatings were deposited on stainless steel substrates by HVOF spraying, and after high-temperature testing, were evaluated by means of SEM and EDX analysis. Of the coating materials evaluated, Hastelloy C-276 provided the best protection against high-temperature corrosion. It also exhibited the highest erosion resistance at a particle impact angle of 90°, but at the sharpest impact angle of 15°, Cr3C2-NiCr coatings were found to be the most erosion resistant, likely due to the strong bonding of carbide particles in matrix. NiCrBSi coatings, on the other hand, exhibited the highest values of volume loss.
Influence of Heat-Treatment Methods on Mechanical and Erosion Properties of Thermally Sprayed NiCrBSi Based Coating
Authors: Schubert J. , Česánek Z. , Houdková Š. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the results of mechanical and tribological property measurements obtained from NiCrBSi alloy coatings and evaluates the effect of different heat treatments. Coating specimens were deposited by means of flame spraying and heat treated using an acetylene torch. HVOF samples were also prepared as a reference for comparison. The microstructure of as-sprayed and heat-treated coating samples were compared, hardness and surface roughness were measured, and erosion resistance tests were performed. The processes and procedures used are described and the results obtained presented and discussed.
Porous Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Coatings Deposited by Suspension Plasma Spray
Authors: Xu H. , Geng X. , Liu G. , Zhu P. , Zhang C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were deposited on stainless steel by suspension plasma spraying. Coating samples and suspensions were examined by means of electron microscopy, XRD analysis, and FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the coatings are porous and nanostructured with no impurity phases when low H2 flow rates are used. They also contain a significant amount of OH- and CO32-, which facilitates the formation of well-crystallized HA and improves bioactivity and compatibility in implant applications.
Preparation and Cytocompatibility of Nanoporous SiO2-TiO2 Coatings by Plasma Spraying and HF Etching
Authors: Zhao X. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
SiO2-TiO2 coatings were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying followed by hydrothermal treatment in a solution of hydrogen fluoride. The as-sprayed coatings mainly consisted of rutile and quartz phases, which remained relatively unchanged during etching. All treated coatings have the typical characteristics of plasma-sprayed deposits, exhibiting rough surfaces with many splats. Differences in surface structure can be observed, however, at the nanoscale, depending on treatment conditions. Treatments of 60 min at 100 °C appear to be most beneficial, resulting in nanoporous coatings that are shown to promote cell proliferation and, in past studies, have been found to improve osteoblast adhesion.
Tribological Performance of Plasma Sprayed Al2O3-Y2O3 Composite Coatings
Authors: Rong J. , Yang K. , Zhao H. , Liu C. , Zhuang Y. , Tao S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the present study, Al2O3 and Al2O3-Y2O3 composite coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and compared based on microstructure, hardness, and sliding wear behavior. The mass ratio of α-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3 was found to be 0.53 in the composite, compared to 0.08 in the alumina layer, which explains why the Al2O3-Y2O3 coatings are harder and better conductors of heat. Tribological tests show that the friction coefficients of the composite coating samples are more stable and the wear rates lower, which may be related to the formation of a graphite transferred film on abraded surfaces.