bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A bi-directional beam-line energy ramping for efficient patient treatment with scanned proton therapy
Authors: Actis Oxana , Mayor Alexandre , Meer David , Rechsteiner Urs , Bolsi Alessandra , Lomax Antony John , Weber Damien Charles 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. The treatment of mobile tumours using Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) has become more prevalent in the last decade. However, to achieve the same beam delivery quality as for static tumours, treatments have to be combined with motion mitigation techniques, not limited but including, breath hold, gating and re-scanning, which typically prolong treatment time. In this article we present a novel method of bi-directional energy modulation and demonstrate our initial experience in improvement of treatment efficiency. Approach. At Paul Scherrer Institute Gantry 2 mobile tumours are treated by combining PBS with gating and volumetric re-scanning (VR), where the target volume is irradiated multiple times. Initial implementation of VR used only descending beam energies, creating a substantial dead time due to the beam-line initialization (ramping) before each re-scan. In 2019 we commissioned an energy meandering strategy that allows us to avoid beam line ramping in-between energy series while maintaining beam delivery quality. Main results. The measured beam parameters difference for both energy sequence are in the order of the typical daily variations: 0.2 mm in beam position and 0.2 mm in range. Using machine log files, we performed point-to-point dose difference calculations between original and new applications where we observed dose differences of less than 2%. After three years of operation employing bi-directional energy modulation, we have analysed the individual beam delivery time for 181 patients and have compared this to simulations of the timing behaviour assuming uni-directional energy sequence application. Depending on treatment complexity, we obtained plan delivery time reductions of up to 55%, with a median time gain of 17% for all types of treatments. Significance. Bi-directional energy modulation can help improving patient treatment efficiency by reducing delivery times especially for complex and specialised irradiations. It could be implemented in many existing facilities without significant additional hardware upgrades.
Pilot study of contactless sleep apnea detection based on snore signals with hardware implementation
Authors: Li Heng , Lin Xu , Lu Yun , Wang Mingjiang , Cheng Hanrong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Sleep apnea has a high incidence and is a potentially dangerous disease, and its early detection and diagnosis are challenging. Polysomnography (PSG) is considered the best approach for sleep apnea detection, but it requires cumbersome and complicated operations. Thus, it cannot satisfy the family healthcare needs. Approach. To facilitate the initial detection of sleep apnea in the home environment, we developed a sleep apnea classification model based on snoring and hybrid neural network, and implemented the well trained model in an embedded hardware platform. We used snore signals from 32 patients at Shenzhen People's Hospital. The Mel-Fbank features were extracted from snore signals to build a sleep apnea classification model based on Bi-LSTM with attention mechanism. Main results. The proposed model classified snore signals into four types: hypopnea, normal condition, obstructive sleep apnea, and central sleep apnea, with 83.52% and 62.31% accuracies, corresponding to the subject-dependence and subject-independence validation, respectively. After pruning and model quantization, at the cost of 0.81% and 0.95% accuracy loss of the subject dependence and subject independence classification, respectively, the number of model parameters and model storage space were reduced by 32.12% and 60.37%, respectively. The model exhibited accuracies of 82.71% and 61.36% based on the subject dependence and subject independence validations, respectively. When the well trained model was successfully porting and running on an STM32 ARM-embedded platform, the model accuracy was 58.85% for the four classifications based on leave-one-subject-out validation. Significance. The proposed sleep apnea detection model can be used in home healthcare for the initial detection of sleep apnea.
Hybrid low-dropout voltage regulator designed with TFET-MOSFET nanowire technologies
Authors: Tolêdo Rodrigo do Nascimento , Martino Joao Antonio , Der Agopian Paula Ghedini 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, hybrid low-dropout voltage regulators (LDO) designed with a tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET)-MOSFET nanowire (NW) technologies are presented. The devices were modeled using Verilog-A with lookup tables based on experimental data of NW-TFETs and NW-MOSFETs fabricated in the same silicon vertical process flow. In all LDOs, the amplifier devices were biased with the same gm/I
D = 9.5 V−1 for a maximum load current/capacitance of 1 mA/1 nF. In the hybrid regulators, the power transistors are designed with NW-MOSFETs to deliver the high load current, while the other devices are implemented with NW-TFET to provide high gain and low power consumption. Due to different onset voltages, two hybrid LDOs are proposed, one with symmetrical onset voltages implemented with a voltage shift (Hybrid-ΔV LDO) and one with a level-shift stage using the real characteristics of the devices (Hybrid-LS LDO). The hybrid circuits were compared to LDOs designed using only NW-TFETs and with only NW-MOSFETs. The Hybrid-ΔV LDO presents the best loop gain (62 dB) with a low quiescent current (7 nA), while the Hybrid-LS LDO shows a good gain-bandwidth product (700 Hz). In the transient analysis, the hybrid circuits showed a settling time close to the NW-MOSFET LDO but with higher undershoot/overshoot values in the case of a load transient. As demonstrated, the use of hybrid projects with TFET-MOSFET NW technologies enable LDOs with ultra-low power consumption and high loop gain, that are presented on TFET circuits and with a frequency response equivalent of MOSFET circuits.
A novel lorenz-sine coupling chaotic system and its application on color image encryption
Authors: Zhang Ning , Liu Jie , Tong Xiaojun , Jiao Wei , Gan Hongping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The chaos-based image encryption has been extensively studied for image security owing to its high efficiency. However, both the complexity of the chaotic system and the chaos-based image encryption method must be enhanced. A Lorenz-Sine coupling chaotic system with complex behavior and a novel image encryption scheme is presented in this work. By adding a nonlinear controller containing sinusoidal function to the Lorenz system, we obtain smooth chaotic attractors with a unique appearance. Analysis of the dynamical properties shows that it has a multi-symmetry stranger attractor and a large chaotic range. Based on the proposed chaotic system, a pseudorandom sequence generator is designed to generate keys with high randomness. Furthermore, an image encryption scheme using spiral-rotation and random permutation is presented. Cipher-feedback is employed to increase the avalanche effect. The encryption efficiency and the security analysis are simulated. The result shows that the correlation coefficient between the adjacent pixels of the proposed scheme achieves

10

−
4

.

The NPCR of the proposed scheme is larger than 0.9661 and the UACI falls within the theoretical value of UACI with a significance level of 0.05. Thus, the proposed scheme is more capable against differential attacks. Furthermore, it is more robust against noise attacks and cropping attacks.
Bi-directional controlled asymmetric teleportation protocol initiated by a mentor in noisy environments
Authors: Choudhury Binayak S , Mandal Manoj Kumar , Dolai Biswanath , Samanta Soumen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper we consider the problem of the bidirectional state transfer of a 2-qubit and a 3-qubit quantum state unknown to the parties, respectively, who intend to send the respective states in the site of the other party. These states are intended for transfer but are not possessed by the intender. The protocol has a Mentor whose role is in the fabrication of entangled channels, distribution of qubits through the noisy environment in order to create entanglement sharing and finally fixing one of the several courses of the protocol. The role of the Mentor is thereby completed. The protocol is overseen by a controller whose action signals the final steps to be taken in the protocol. Three types of noises are considered through three different Kraus operators. There is an analysis of the fidelity of the protocol corresponding to three types of noises.
Gaussian and Faddeeva broadening of the Franz-Keldysh oscillations at three-dimensional critical-points
Authors: Alomar Abdulazeez S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Faddeeva broadening (FB) couples the physical characteristics of Gaussian and Lorentzian broadening into a single profile shaping the spectral response of dielectric functions. The electric field induces Franz-Keldysh oscillations (FKOs) as deviations in the dielectric function of semiconductors. We investigated the impact of Gaussian and FB on FKOs at the isotropic M0 of three-dimensional critical points. The twenty-pole Martin–Donoso–Zamudio quadrature was applied to compute the FB of FKOs in differential reflectivity based on the electro-optic function, H(z), with the complex Airy function, Ai(z). H(z) was simplified into a compact product of

K

(
z
)

=
A

i
′

(
z
)

+

z

A
i

(
z
)

to reduce the truncation error and determine its asymptotics. We derived a general asymptotic expansion of order N, accounting for Stokes’ phenomenon as the arg(z) crosses

2
π

/
3
.

The computation of H(z) is detailed for twelve digits of accuracy. The effects of higher Gaussian and FB widths on the damping of FKOs are assessed using FKO peak-to-peak attenuations. For the low-field regime, this work H(z) smoothly evolves into Aspnes’ third derivative functional form (TDFF). Between low- to intermediate-field regimes, we investigated the boundaries for the relevant use of the TDFF by assessing parameters extracted from simulated lineshapes, and the average root mean-squared error. We fitted of the Faddeeva broadened single Airy model

Δ
R

/
R

to published experimental photoreflectance (PR) lineshapes of InGaAsP. To model degenerate light-and heavy-holes transitions, we fitted of the Faddeeva broadened double Airy model

Δ
R

/
R

to published experimental contactless electroreflectance (CER) lineshapes of GaAs. In addition to legacy mean-squared error (

χ

2

) and coefficient of determination (

R
2

), the goodness of fit was evaluated using the unbiased Akaike information criteria. The effectiveness of Faddeeva versus Lorentzian broadening in sample PR and CER spectra analysis was assessed using Airy function FKO models. Concludingly, the FB of the differential reflectivity

Δ
R

/
R

model outperformed the Lorentzian broadening even with the empirical energy-dependent width.
Directional direct detection of light dark matter up-scattered by cosmic rays from direction of the Galactic center
Authors: Nagao Keiko I. , Higashino Satoshi , Naka Tatsuhiro , Miuchi Kentaro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dark matter with MeV scale mass is difficult to detect with standard direct search detectors.
However, they can be searched for by considering the up-scattering of kinetic energies by cosmic rays. Because the dark matter density is higher in the central region of the Galaxy, the up-scattered dark matter will arrive at Earth from the direction of the Galactic center. Once the dark matter is detected, we can expect to recognize this feature by directional direct detection experiments. In this study, we simulate the nuclear recoils of the up-scattered dark matter and
quantitatively reveal that a large amount of this type of dark matter is arriving from the direction of the Galactic center.
Also, we have shown that the characteristic signatures
of the up-scattered dark matter can be verified with more than 5σ confidence levels for the assumed target atoms and future upgrades to directional detectors.
Analytic auto-differentiable ΛCDM cosmography
Authors: Karchev Konstantin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
I present general analytic expressions for distance calculations (comoving distance, time coordinate, and absorption distance) in the standard ΛCDM cosmology, allowing for the presence of radiation and for non-zero curvature. The solutions utilise the symmetric Carlson basis of elliptic integrals, which can be evaluated with fast numerical algorithms that allow trivial parallelisation on GPUs and automatic differentiation without the need for additional special functions. I introduce a PyTorch-based implementation in the phytorch.cosmology package and briefly examine its accuracy and speed in comparison with numerical integration and other known expressions (for special cases). Finally, I demonstrate an application to high-dimensional Bayesian analysis that utilises automatic differentiation through the distance calculations to efficiently derive posteriors for cosmological parameters from up to 106 mock type Ia supernovæ using variational inference.
Broadband Alfvénic excitation correlated to turbulence level in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator plasmas
Authors: Vaz Mendes S. , Rahbarnia K. , Slaby C. , Thomsen H. , Schilling J. , Borchardt M. , Kleiber R. , Könies A. , Bähner J.-P. , von Stechow A. , Sunn Pedersen T. , Klinger T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
During the first operational phase (OP1) of the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, poloidal magnetic field fluctuations,

B
˙

θ

, were measured in several different plasma scenarios with a system of Mirnov coils. In the spectrograms, multiple frequency bands close together in frequency are observed below f = 600 kHz. Furthermore, a dominant feature is the appearance of a frequency band with the highest spectral amplitude centred between

f
=
180
−
220

kHz. The fluctuations are observed from the beginning of most W7-X plasmas of OP1, which were often operated solely with electron cyclotron resonance heating. The fluctuations show characteristics known from Alfvén waves and possibly Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs). However, the fast particle drive from heating sources, which is generally a driver necessary for the appearance of AEs in magnetic confinement plasmas, is absent in most of the analysed experiments. A characterization of the Alfvénic fluctuations measured during OP1 plasmas is possible using a newly developed tracking algorithm. In this paper, we extensively survey the different spectral properties of the fluctuations in correlation with plasma parameters and discuss possible driving mechanisms. The correlation studies of the dynamics of the possible ellipticity induced AEs indicate that Alfvén activity in the frequency interval between

f
=
100
−
450

kHz could be excited due to an interaction with turbulence, or profile effects also affecting the turbulence amplitude.
Application of bayesian network based on fault tree in fault diagnosis of Radio Altimeter System
Authors: Gao Junru , Yao Bin , Shen Tianfei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The radio altimeter system is an important part of the aircraft navigation system, the system failure will directly affect flight safety. Therefore, to ensure the safe flight of the aircraft, a fault diagnosis method based on fault trees and Bayesian networks was proposed in this paper. Firstly, starting from the system composition and working principle, taking the typical failure of the system ‘loss of radio altitude displays’ as an example, the fault trees were set up to comprehensively analyze the cause of the fault. On this basis, the built-in fault tree models were used to build the Bayesian network model, and to determine the maximum possible paths and key nodes of the fault through reverse reasoning to achieve the fault positioning. The outcomes demonstrate the excellent accuracy and dependability of the proposed method.
Isogeometric pre-buckling analysis of laminated shallow shells
Authors: Hu Yuechen , Huang Zhengdong , Fan Kuan , Zhang Yun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The deployment of laminated shallow shells has achieved significant traction across the domains of aerospace, mechanical, and marine engineering, where ensuring structural stability remains a major consideration. In this paper, the pre-buckling analysis of laminated shells is proposed based on the isogeometric model. The geometric structure and displacement of the shallow shell are represented by NURBS basis functions with fewer control points, and the nonlinear behavior of the shell is shown by the path-following method. The result shows that the nonlinear pre-buckling critical points are associated with the laminated material, which provides a certain reference for the further optimization of laminated parameters to improve the pre-buckling performance of shells.
Aerodynamic design and experimental study of small flow rate centrifugal compressor
Authors: Li Siru , Yu Guoxin , Chen Jinjian , Gui Xingmin , Chang Yunxue , Han Cong , Zhu Wanpeng , Yin Jiqiang , Zhang Yin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aerodynamic design of a single-stage of a small flow rate centrifugal compressor is completed by theoretical analysis and CFD simulation, and the simulation results can meet the target performance. In addition, an equal proportion prototype performance test bench was designed and built, and the prototype performance test using air as working medium was completed. The results show that the overall trend of the measured flow-pressure ratio curve fits well with the simulation curve. Due to the error of simulation calculation, the measured mass flow rate is a little small and there is a certain difference with the simulation data. Based on the results, the structure of impeller and volute was optimized, and the performance was retested. The retest results show that the flow range of the measured pressure ratio and efficiency curve can basically cover the simulated curve, and the difference between the measured value and the simulated value of pressure ratio and efficiency decreases significantly. Using air medium, when the mass flow is 0.01kg/s, the pressure ratio is 1.17 and the isentropic efficiency is 85%. The results confirm the feasibility of this design method, which can provide important reference for the design of small-flow centrifugal compressor.
Preface to the Proceedings of TEMPMEKO and TEMPBEIJING 2019
Authors: Todd Andrew D.W. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The 14
th
International Symposium on Temperature and Thermal Measurements in Industry and Science (TEMPMEKO) and the 4
th
International Temperature Conference, Beijing (TEMPBEIJING) were held jointly along with the Metrology for Meteorology and Climate conference (MMC) in 2019, in the city of Chengdu in the People’s Republic of China. This joint event was hosted by the National Metrology Institute of China (NIM) and the Chinese Society for Measurements.
The events attracted attendees from all over the world. The event had 190 oral presentations and 222 poster presentations across a breadth of topics. Figure 1 shows the distribution of oral presentations by topic.
Automatic calibration system of thermo-hygrometers
Authors: Yang Ju , Yi Hong , Li Zhangyuan , Ren Changqing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Machine vision technology is an interdisciplinary subject involving plenty of fields such as artificial intelligence, neurobiology, psychophysics, computer science, image processing and pattern recognition, etc. In recent years, with rapid development of the technology, machine vision recognition is widely used in many fields of detection and control. For thermo-hygrometers calibration, the manual operation method is used traditionally. This has proven to be a cumbersome, time-consuming, and error-prone activity, as there are lots of models and quantities of thermo-hygrometers to be calibrated. Therefore, an automatic thermo-hygrometers calibration system was developed by using vision recognition technology in combination with automatic movement control as well as a purposely structured database management software. It can complete the calibration and the verification task accurately, timely and efficiently. It has drastically reduced the workload, improved accuracy, and realized the automatic calibration of the thermo-hygrometers.
Construction and comparison of high temperature fixed points at NRC and CEM
Authors: Mantilla J. M. , Woods D. J. , Emms R. , Martín M. J. , Todd A.D.W. , del Campo D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the collaborative project between National Research Council of Canada (NRC) and Centro Español de Metrología (CEM) for the construction and comparison of high temperature fixed points (HTFPs). A hybrid-type crucible that uses the piston method for filling has been jointly developed. A series of 12 high temperature fixed point blackbodies (HTFPBBs) have been constructed, including Cu, Ru-C, Ir-C, Re-C and WC-C covering the temperature range from 1084°C to 2750°C. All these cells were filled in NRC facilities by CEM and NRC staff. Two cells of each type of fixed point were constructed (except for the WC-C cells), using crucibles from two different suppliers in order to study the influence of the density and emissivity of the crucible in the HTFPs’ performance. Moreover, four WC-C cells were made using tungsten powder from two different suppliers, covering all the possible combinations of tungsten powder and crucibles acquired for this project. All cells, and additionally a Pt-C HTFPBB belonging to NRC, have been measured firstly at NRC and, afterwards, at CEM. Both laboratories have calculated the ITS-90 temperatures from their respective measurements and the results have been compared. Differences on the ITS-90 temperatures of the HTFPBBs measured at each lab are within uncertainties of the comparison. After the comparison, CEM kept one Cu cell, one Ru-C cell, one Re-C cell and two WC-C cells. The rest of the fixed points involved in the comparison were sent back to NRC.
Bloch state constrained by spatial and time-reversal symmetries
Authors: Okamura Koshi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The time-reversal symmetry in a nonmagnetic condensed-matter system is revised to the form dependent on the spatial symmetry of two-fold rotation in addition to the conventional inversion. The Bloch state within the constraints of spatial and time-reversal symmetries is demonstrated for representative systems of Si and GaAs on the basis of first-principles calculations. The nondegenerate gapless state in a topological system is also assessed.