bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW OF ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF ARCHI-PRENEURSHIP PRACTICE IN NIGERIA
Authors: Ayo-Odifiri Solomon Oisasoje 
Published: July 2023

This article appraises issues and opportunities of architectural entrepreneurship (archi-preneurship) practice in Nigeria. It recognises the relevance of entrepreneurial orientation in the architectural syllabus as a consequence of the emerging issues facing the career path and derived from students' long-term educational needs to prepare them for a successful job in a competitive global economy. Hence, industrialisation, job creation, and poverty alleviation processes are accentuated by entrepreneurship. To find out these issues and opportunities of archi-preneurship, a systematic review approach was adopted to source current relevant data from Academia, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, MDPI, and ResearchGate databases for this study, which focused on programmes relating to the architecture profession that can help entrepreneurs grow and make conclusions. The concepts of entrepreneurship, architecture, and technology were explored. Five specialisation areas that would potentially facilitate entrepreneurial prospects in Nigeria were identified, and the challenges they present to architects. These components include architecture consultation; research and application of building information modeling (BIM) technologies; property development and construction, retrofitting and energy efficiency; sustainable building material science; and urban design. Some available skills architecture graduates could engage in include landscaping, interior design, graphics and animation, project management, architecture blogging, forensic architecture, and building pathology among others. The study outlines different aspects that architects should consider to de-emphasise the hunt for non-existent office employment and embrace self-occupation. Also, more entrepreneurial training skills and development programmes should be established, as well as a reassessment of the present syllabi to instill business knowledge at all stages of architecture education.
Continuous‐discrete high gain observer design with PI output predictor
Authors: Zhuang Xincheng , Tian Yang , Wang Haoping , Ali Sofiane Ahmed 
Published: July 2023

SummaryIn this article, a continuous‐discrete high gain observer with a proportional integral (PI) output predictor structure is designed for a class of nonlinear systems subject to sampled‐delayed data measurements. To counteract the effect of the well‐known sensitivity of the high gain observer to the noise measurements, a novel PI output predictor structure is proposed. The uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) of the proposed observer is demonstrated by means of Lyapunov function and small gain method. The effectiveness of our proposed observer is demonstrated through numerical simulations and performances comparison with previous observer design methods in the literature.
Strain Anisotropy Driven Spontaneous Formation of Nanoscrolls from 2D Janus Layers
Authors: Sayyad Mohammed , Qin Ying , Kopaczek Jan , Gupta Adway , Patoary Naim , Sinha Shantanu , Benard Emmie , Davis Austin , Yumigeta Kentaro , Wu Cheng‐Lun , Li Han , Yang Shize , Esqueda Ivan Sanchez , Singh Arunima , Tongay Sefaattin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract2D Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted attention due to their emergent properties arising from broken mirror symmetry and self‐driven polarization fields. While it has been proposed that their vdW superlattices hold the key to achieving superior properties in piezoelectricity and photovoltaic, available synthesis has ultimately limited their realization. Here, the first packed vdW nanoscrolls made from Janus TMDs through a simple one‐drop solution technique are reported. The results, including ab initio simulations, show that the Bohr radius difference between the top sulfur and the bottom selenium atoms within Janus (M = Mo, W) results in a permanent compressive surface strain that acts as a nanoscroll formation catalyst after small liquid interaction. Unlike classical 2D layers, the surface strain in Janus TMDs can be engineered from compressive to tensile by placing larger Bohr radius atoms on top (to yield inverted C scrolls. Detailed microscopy studies offer the first insights into their morphology and readily formed Moiré lattices. In contrast, spectroscopy and FETs studies establish their excitonic and device properties and highlight significant differences compared to 2D flat Janus TMDs. These results introduce the first polar Janus TMD nanoscrolls and introduce inherent strain‐driven scrolling dynamics as a catalyst to create superlattices.
Sodium‐Ion and Polyaniline Co‐Intercalation into Ammonium Vanadate Nanoarrays Induced Enlarged Interlayer Spacing as High‐Capacity and Stable Cathodes for Flexible Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Song , Wang Shuai , Guo Jiabin , Li Lei , Li Chunsheng , Sun Yan , Xue Pan , Wu Dongling , Wei Lei , Wang Yongjiang , Zhang Qichong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVanadate oxides with low price and high theoretical capacity are competitive cathodes for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). However, the existing problems such as sluggish Zn2+ ion mobility, weak conductivity, and complicated flexible electrode preparation hinder the development of their practical applications in flexible AZIBs (FAZIBs). Herein, sodium‐ion and polyaniline are co‐inserted into ammonium vanadate (NaNVO‐PANI) nanoarrays, which can serve as the novel freestanding cathodes for FAZIBs. By virtue of synergistic pillar effect of sodium ions and polyaniline, the interplanar spacing of NaNVO‐PANI expands to ≈13.8 Å. Both experimental data and theoretical calculation confirm that the optimal spacing of NaNVO‐PANI can boost enhance the electronic conductivity and reduce Zn2+ diffusion barrier. As expected, the resulting coin‐type AZIBs exhibit high capacity of 610.7 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and remarkable capacity retention of 98% after 5000 cycles at 5 A g−1. More encouragingly, quasi‐solid‐state FAZIBs with sandwich structure are assembled, achieving impressive energy density of 345.59 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 380.46 W kg−1. This study is of great significance for developing high‐performance vanadium‐based electrode for wearable FAZIBs.
Mean age at menarche and climate variables on a global scale
Authors: Gold Claire L. , Kitrinos Catherine E. , Sievert Lynnette L. , Kamilar Jason M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesCross‐population variation in age at menarche is related to many factors. The purpose of this study was to examine climate variables in relation to mean age at menarche among 87 modern human populations. We hypothesized a later age at menarche among populations living in areas with high precipitation variability, heavy seasonal rainfall, and high temperatures year‐round due to water‐borne diseases and periods of resource scarcity.MethodsUsing a comparative dataset, we examined geospatial distribution and climate variables in relation to age at menarche for 87 modern human populations.ResultsWe found the strongest predictor of a later age at menarche was higher fertility followed by a later mean age at death. In addition, higher annual rainfall, higher precipitation seasonality, and lower annual mean temperature were moderate predictors of age at menarche.ConclusionsWe propose that later ages at menarche in countries with high fertility may be a life‐history strategy developed in response to climatic conditions that have resulted in higher immunological load. In these conditions, females may prioritize growth rather than reproduction. Shifts in climate and global population growth may change the future biological landscape of age at menarche.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride as Photocatalyst for the Direct Formylation of Anilines
Authors: Sportelli Giuseppe , Grando Gaia , Bevilacqua Manuela , Filippini Giacomo , Melchionna Michele , Fornasiero Paolo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) for the photocatalytic radical formylation of anilines, which represents a more sustainable and attractive alternative to the currently used approaches, is reported herein. Our operationally simple method occurs under mild conditions, employing air as an oxidant. In particular, the chemistry is driven by the ability of g‐CN to reach an electronically excited state upon visible‐light absorption, which has a suitable potential energy to trigger the formation of reactive α‐amino radical species from anilines. Mechanistic investigations also proved the key role of the g‐CN to form reactive superoxide radicals from O2 via single electron transfer. Importantly, this photocatalytic transformation provides a variety of functionalized formamides (15 examples, up to 89 % yield).
The development of a novel non‐leaching flocculant, derived from activated carbon and polyacrylamide
Authors: Scotland Kevin M. , Bégin Sarah , Strong Oliver K. L. , Pede Paul R. , Vreugdenhil Andrew J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCanadian oil sands are the third largest oil reserves in the world, containing an estimated 28.3 billion m3 of recoverable bitumen. Extraction of bitumen via surface mining and water‐based extraction leads to the formation of tailings ponds, which contain slow settling mature fine tailings (MFT). These MFT can take hundreds of years to settle on their own. Polymer flocculants are used to improve the settling rate of the MFT. This requires a significant amount of polymer, which may itself have environmental impacts. Here, we describe development of a solid‐state flocculant using activated carbon (AC) as a backbone for polyacrylamide (PAM) flocculant branches, with the intention that this solid‐state flocculant would reduce the amount of polymer applied, replacing the bulk of the material with hydrophobic AC, and limit leaching of these materials. The development of this flocculant is achieved by bromination of AC followed by reaction with cis‐octadecen‐1‐ol at the carbon surface. Subsequently, PAM was attached to the alkene of the enol via thermally induced radical polymerization. This AC‐PAM demonstrated effective flocculation of 5% MFTs at a minimum dosage of 120,000 ppm with an initial settling rate of 33 m/h. Thermogravimetric analysis determined that the AC‐PAM had 2% PAM content, indicating that the system only uses 2400 ppm polymer, which is a significant reduction when compared to the typical 20,000 ppm of PAM otherwise required to flocculate 5% MFTs. This demonstrates a marked reduction in the polymer required to flocculate MFTs, reducing potential environment impact.
Comparative analysis of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) plastomes: Insights into genomic features, mutational hotspots, and adaptive evolution
Authors: Huang Yue , Ma Qing , Sun Jing , Zhou Li‐Na , Lai Chan‐Juan , Li Pan , Jin Xin‐Jie , Zhang Yong‐Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiospyros (Ebenaceae) is a widely distributed genus of trees and shrubs from pantropical to temperate regions, with numerous species valued for their fruits (persimmons), timber, and medicinal values. However, information regarding their plastomes and chloroplast evolution is scarce. The present study performed comparative genomic and evolutionary analyses on plastomes of 45 accepted Diospyros species, including three newly sequenced ones. Our study showed a highly conserved genomic structure across the Diospyros species, with 135–136 encoding genes, including 89 protein‐coding genes, 1–2 pseudogenes (Ψycf1 for all, Ψrps19 for a few), 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Comparative analysis of Diospyros identified three intergenic regions (ccsA‐ndhD, rps16‐psbK and petA‐psbJ) and five genes (rpl33, rpl22, petL, psaC and rps15) as the mutational hotspots in these species. Phylogenomic analysis identified the phylogenetic position of three newly sequenced ones and well supported a monophylogenetic (sub)temperate taxa and four clades in the pantropical taxa. The analysis codon usage identified 30 codons with relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values >1 and 29 codons ending with A and U bases. A total of three codons (UUA, GCU, and AGA) with highest RSCU values were identified as the optimal codons. Effective number of codons (ENC)‐plot indicated the significant role of mutational pressure in shaping codon usage, while most protein‐coding genes in Diospyros experienced relaxed purifying selection (dN/dS < 1). Additionally, the psbH gene showed positive selection (dN/dS > 1) in the (sub)temperate species. Thus, the results provide a meaningful foundation for further elaborating Diospyros's genetic architecture and taxonomy, enriching genetic diversity and conserving genetic resources.
Providing clinicians with ‘how to’ knowledge for technology‐based innovation: Introducing the SMS4dads texts
Authors: Fletcher Richard , Regan Casey , StGeorge Jennifer 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedMale partners are key supports for women in birth preparation and postnatally. Text‐messaging can deliver timely information to expectant and new fathers to increase their support of the mother. However, technological innovations in healthcare often fail to be adopted. This study aims to assess the impact of disseminating a ‘taster’ set of SMS messages to increase clinicians' engagement with the intervention.MethodsExample messages from SMS4dads were delivered to clinicians over a 3‐week period and a link provided to an evaluation survey. Agreement to two closed questions was rated on a five‐point Likert scale; the frequency of specific recalled messages was calculated for the first open‐ended question. Responses to the remaining open‐ended questions were analysed with a descriptive thematic approach.ResultsA total of 418 participants (female 61.5%) working in health organisations (80.4%), mostly in nursing (33.9%) or midwifery (19.6%) enrolled. Of the 77 (18.4%) participants who provided an evaluation, 96% agreed or strongly agreed that the Professional Taster gave them a better understanding of how to explain the program, and 88% agreed or strongly agreed that they are now more likely to tell parents about the program. Analysis of the remaining two open‐ended questions revealed clinicians' concerns for fathers alongside their primary focus on maternal wellbeing.ConclusionProviding ‘how to’ knowledge through receiving a sample of the intervention may increase clinicians' acceptance of technological innovation.So What?Health‐promoting digital interventions using text are increasing. Novel tested strategies for gaining buy‐in from healthcare staff will be needed.
Population‐level impact of expanding PrEP coverage by offering long‐acting injectable PrEP to MSM in three high‐resource settings: a model comparison analysis
Authors: Stansfield Sarah E. , Heitner Jesse , Mitchell Kate M. , Doyle Carla M. , Milwid Rachael M. , Moore Mia , Donnell Deborah J. , Hanscom Brett , Xia Yiqing , Maheu‐Giroux Mathieu , Vijver David van de , Wang Haoyi , Barnabas Ruanne , Boily Marie‐Claude , Dimitrov Dobromir T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionLong‐acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB‐LA) demonstrated superiority to daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in the HPTN 083/084 trials. We compared the potential impact of expanding PrEP coverage by offering CAB‐LA to men who have sex with men (MSM) in Atlanta (US), Montreal (Canada) and the Netherlands, settings with different HIV epidemics.MethodsThree risk‐stratified HIV transmission models were independently parameterized and calibrated to local data. In Atlanta, Montreal and the Netherlands, the models, respectively, estimated mean TDF/FTC coverage starting at 29%, 7% and 4% in 2022, and projected HIV incidence per 100 person‐years (PY), respectively, decreasing from 2.06 to 1.62, 0.08 to 0.03 and 0.07 to 0.001 by 2042. Expansion of PrEP coverage was simulated by recruiting new CAB‐LA users and by switching different proportions of TDF/FTC users to CAB‐LA. Population effectiveness and efficiency of PrEP expansions were evaluated over 20 years in comparison to baseline scenarios with TDF/FTC only.ResultsIncreasing PrEP coverage by 11 percentage points (pp) from 29% to 40% by 2032 was expected to avert a median 36% of new HIV acquisitions in Atlanta. Substantially larger increases (by 33 or 26 pp) in PrEP coverage (to 40% or 30%) were needed to achieve comparable reductions in Montreal and the Netherlands, respectively. A median 17 additional PYs on PrEP were needed to prevent one acquisition in Atlanta with 40% PrEP coverage, compared to 1000+ in Montreal and 4000+ in the Netherlands. Reaching 50% PrEP coverage by 2032 by recruiting CAB‐LA users among PrEP‐eligible MSM could avert >45% of new HIV acquisitions in all settings. Achieving targeted coverage 5 years earlier increased the impact by 5–10 pp. In the Atlanta model, PrEP expansions achieving 40% and 50% coverage reduced differences in PrEP access between PrEP‐indicated White and Black MSM from 23 to 9 pp and 4 pp, respectively.ConclusionsAchieving high PrEP coverage by offering CAB‐LA can impact the HIV epidemic substantially if rolled out without delays. These PrEP expansions may be efficient in settings with high HIV incidence (like Atlanta) but not in settings with low HIV incidence (like Montreal and the Netherlands).
Improving functional properties of rice protein isolates by hydrolysis using alcalase enzyme and assessing bioactivities of hydrolysates
Authors: Issac Kavitha Susan , Banerjee Shubha , Jamdar Sahayog N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping value‐added products from rice grains is becoming increasingly significant to enhance productivity from excess rice grains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to improve the functional properties of rice protein from four rice varieties, namely, RRF‐127, RRF‐105, Swarna, and Protezin by enzymatic hydrolysis, and also to evaluate bioactivities like antioxidant, ACE, and DPP‐IV inhibitory activities of the hydrolysates.ResultsThe alcalase hydrolysis increased protein solubility to >80% in the pH range of 4–10. The foaming capacity and stability of rice protein hydrolysates (RPHs) improved with the increase in pH. The hydrolysis significantly improved the emulsification activity index (EAI) in the pH range of 5–9. The hydrolysates showed antioxidant activity, namely, ABTS•+radical scavenging, reducing power, and metal ion chelation. RRF‐105 was found to possess the most potent antioxidant capacity among the hydrolysates. RPH could alleviate oxidative damage in erythrocytes, and their protective effects were concentration‐dependent. The hydrolysates had stronger inhibition of ACE and DPP‐IV enzymes. Protezin exhibited the highest ACE inhibition (63%), while Swarna demonstrated the most effective DPP‐IV inhibition (66%).ConclusionHydrolysis with alcalase improved the functional and bioactive properties of rice proteins, indicating that RPH could serve as a source of bioactive peptides or as a functional ingredient with potential properties.
Dietary Eicosapentaenoic Acid Containing Phosphoethanolamine Plasmalogens Remodels the Lipidome of White Adipose Tissue and Suppresses High‐Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Mice
Authors: Ding Lin , Yang Jinyue , Guo Haoran , Cong Peixu , Xu Jie , Xue Changhu , Mao Xiangzhao , Zhang Tiantian , Wang Yuming 
Published: July 2023

ScopeDietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can alter the lipidome profiles of adipocytes, thereby counteract obesity. DHA/EPA in the form of phospholipids demonstrates higher bioavailability than triglyceride or ethyl ester (EE), but their effects on the lipidome and metabolic changes during obesity are still unknown.Methods and resultsHigh‐fat diet‐induced obese mice are treated with different molecular forms of EPA, and EPA supplemented as phosphoethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsEtn) has a superior effect on reducing fat mass accumulation than phosphatidylcholine (PC) or EE. The lipidomics analysis indicates that EPA in form of PlsEtn but not PC or EE significantly decreases total PC and sphingomyelin content in white adipose tissue (WAT). Some specific polyunsaturated fatty acid ‐containing PCs and ether phospholipids are increased in EPA‐PlsEtn‐fed mice, which may attribute to the upregulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid elongation reactions in WAT. In addition, the expression of genes related to fatty acid catabolism is also promoted by EPA‐PlsEtn supplementation, which may cause the decreased content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid‐containing PCs.ConclusionsEPA‐PlsEtn supplementation is demonstrated to remodel lipidome and regulate the fatty acid metabolic process in WAT, indicating it may serve as a new strategy for obesity treatment in the future.
Construction and dosimetric characterization of a motorized scanning‐slit system for electron FLASH experiments
Authors: Oesterle Roxane , Bailat Claude , Buhlmann Damien , Bochud Francois , Grilj Veljko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBeam scanning is a useful technique for the treatment of large tumors when the primary beam size is limited, which is the case with radiation beams used in FLASH radiotherapy.PurposeTo optimize beam scanning as a dose delivery method for FLASH radiotherapy, it is necessary to first understand the effects of beam scanning on the FLASH effect. To do so, biological FLASH experiments need to be done using defined beam parameters with beam scanning and compared to the situation without beam scanning. In this regard, we propose implementation of a simple slit scanning system with an electron FLASH beam to obtain a scanned radiation field that closely resembles a static field.MethodsA pulsed electron linear accelerator (linac) was used in combination with a scanning slit system in order to simulate a scanned electron beam. Three configurations that produced homogeneous lateral profiles and high enough doses per pulse for FLASH experiments were established. The optimal scanning parameters were found for each configuration by examining the flatness of the obtained lateral dose profiles. Using the optimal scanning parameters, the scanned FLASH beams were dosimetrically characterized and compared to non‐scanned open field beam.ResultsA final electron FLASH beam scanning configuration was found for a 1 mm wide slit at a distance of 350 mm from the linac and a 2 mm wide slit at distances of 350 and 490 mm from the linac. The lateral profiles for these final configurations were found to have a homogeneity that is comparable to the open field profiles. The percentage depth dose (PDD) values found for these final configurations closely matched (by a few percentage) the PDD of the open field beam.ConclusionsThree electron FLASH beam scanning configurations achieved by the motorized slit system were found to produce radiation fields similar to a non‐scanned open field electron beam. These final configurations can therefore be used in future biological FLASH experiments to compare to non‐scanned beam experiments in order to optimize beam scanning as a technique permitting the treatment of larger tumors with FLASH radiotherapy.