bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Utilization of Formal Supports and Related Impacts on Overall Well-Being Among East Asian American Family Caregivers of Persons With Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Lee Kathy , Cassidy Jessica , Lee Jihui , Seo Chang Hyun , Kunz Lomelin Alan , Shin Hye-Won , Grill Joshua D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Although East Asian American family caregivers are known to underutilize formal support services, there is a lack of evidence regarding the associations of formal service utilization with caregivers’ well-being. This study examined the prevalence of different types of home-and community-based formal service utilization among Korean and Chinese American family caregivers of persons with dementia and how utilization of such services was associated with their well-being. We also explored their overall experience in accessing and utilizing formal dementia support services and programs.

Research Design and Methods
We employed a convergent mixed-methods study design. In a convenience sampling method, we recruited 62 family caregivers. Logistic regression and thematic analysis were utilized to analyze data.

Results
The results showed in-home services were mostly utilized among family caregivers of these ethnic groups. Out of 9 different support services, those who utilized nutrition programs and case management were more likely to report higher overall well-being. Four themes were developed: (1) awareness of formal support services but uncertainty on how to access them, (2) language barriers imposing additional challenges in accessing formal support services, (3) traveling to access culturally appropriate services, and (4) desire for culturally tailored medical and long-term care services.

Discussion and Implications
Findings from this study suggest the importance of case management services to overcome barriers to accessing and utilizing a wide range of formal support services and provision of culturally appropriate food in formal support services to increase East Asian American family caregivers’ utilization of long-term care services.
Grace Period Harmonization in the Open Innovation Era
Authors: Takenaka Toshiko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article urges European companies to discard their prejudices and work with their patent offices to adopt a grace period in the European Patent Convention (‘EPC’) in exchange for the United States’ reconciliation of the definition of the prior art, harmonizing the differences remaining after the America Invents Act (AIA). The negative view that European companies have taken of a grace period is contrary to the experience in Japan, where an unrestricted grace period helped large companies engage in open innovation and increase their use. Empirical studies have substantiated the negative impacts of the lack of a grace period on European SMEs and Universities. After highlighting the differences in the prior art under AIA and EPC, this article will conclude with a proposal for a 12-month, U.S.-style grace period to harmonize the patent systems in Paris Union member states. The adoption of this proposed grace period would result in a win-win outcome for both the United States and European countries.
Could Cesarean Delivery Help Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1?
Authors: Prates Gabriela , Paiva Arthur , Haziot Michel E , Fonseca Luiz Augusto M , Smid Jerusa , Marcusso Rosa Maria do N , Assone Tatiane , de Oliveira Augusto C P , Casseb Jorge 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an important route of transmission that can cause lifelong infection. There is high morbidity and mortality due to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1–associated myelopathy (HAM), and other inflammatory disorders. These conditions develop in nearly 10% of people with HTLV-1 infection, with a higher risk if infection occurs early in life. Identification of risk factors can inform targeted measures to reduce HTLV-1 MTCT. This study aimed to investigate the potential of cesarean delivery to prevent HTLV-1 MTCT.

Methods
We performed a review of the cases of women and their offspring under regular follow-up at the HTLV-1 outpatient clinic at the Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas.

Results
A total of 177 HTLV-1–infected women and 369 adult offspring were investigated. Overall, 15% of the children were positive for HTLV-1 and 85% were negative. Regarding vertical transmission, we found that a breastfeeding duration of &gt;6 months was associated with MTCT. Moreover, maternal proviral load was not associated with transmission, but high educational level and cesarean delivery were identified as protective factors.

Conclusions
HTLV-1 MTCT was associated with mother's age at delivery of &gt;25 years, low educational level, prolonged breastfeeding, and vaginal delivery.
Ebola Virus Tropism in Ex Vivo Cynomolgus Macaque Ocular Tissues
Authors: Matson M Jeremiah , Bushmaker Trent , Scott Dana P , Rosenke Rebecca , Saturday Greg , Chertow Daniel S , Munster Vincent J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ocular complications of Ebola virus disease are well-documented and long-term sequelae in survivors are common and lead to considerable morbidity. However, little is currently known regarding EBOV's tropism and replication kinetics within the eye. To date, limited studies have utilized in vitro infections of ocular cell lines and analyses of archived pathology samples to investigate these issues. Here, we employed ex vivo cultures of cynomolgus macaque eyes to determine the tropism of EBOV in 7 different ocular tissues: cornea, anterior sclera with bulbar conjunctiva, ciliary body, iris, lens, neural retina, and retina pigment epithelium. We report that, except for neural retina, all tissues supported EBOV replication. Retina pigment epithelium produced the fastest growth and highest viral RNA loads, although the differences were not statistically significant. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed and further characterized infection. This study demonstrates that EBOV has a broad tropism within the eye.
Outcomes of a multifaceted intervention to prevent eclampsia and eclampsia-related deaths in Nigerian referral facilities
Authors: Okonofua Friday , Ekezue Bola F , Ntoimo Lorretta Favour , Ohenhen Victor , Agholor Kingsley , Imongan Wilson , Ogu Rosemary , Galadanci Hadiza 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Eclampsia causes maternal mortality in Nigeria. This study presents the effectiveness of multifaceted interventions that addressed institutional barriers in reducing the incidence and case fatality rates associated with eclampsia.

Methods
The design was quasi-experimental and the activities implemented at intervention hospitals included a new strategic plan, retraining health providers on eclampsia management protocols, clinical reviews of delivery care and educating pregnant women and their partners. Prospective data were collected monthly on eclampsia and related indicators from study sites over 2 y. The results were analysed by univariate, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression.

Results
The results show a higher eclampsia rate (5.88% vs 2.45%) and a lower use of partograph and antenatal care (ANC; 17.99% vs 23.42%) in control compared with intervention hospitals, but similar case fatality rates of &lt;1%. Overall, adjusted analysis shows a 63% decrease in the odds of eclampsia at intervention compared with control hospitals. Factors associated with eclampsia were ANC, referral for care from other facilities and older maternal age.

Conclusion
We conclude that multifaceted interventions that address challenges associated with managing pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in health facilities can reduce eclampsia occurrence in referral facilities in Nigeria and potential eclampsia death in resource-poor African countries.
Survey of clinical informatics fellows graduating 2016–2024: experiences before and during fellowship
Authors: Kim Ellen , Van Cain Melissa , Hron Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
To describe experiences and activities of Clinical Informatics (CI) fellows since the first fellowships were accredited in 2014.

Materials and Methods
We performed a voluntary and anonymous survey of 394 alumni and current clinical informatics fellows from the graduating classes of 2016–2024 in the summer of 2022.

Results
We received 198 responses; 2% declined to participate. Most were male (62%), White (39%), 31–40 years old (72%), from primary care specialties (54%) and nonprocedural specialties (95%), and without prior informatics experience or any careers before medicine. Most fellows (87–94%) participated significantly in operations, research, coursework, quality improvement, and clinical care activities during fellowship.

Discussion
Women, underrepresented racial and ethnic minorities, and procedural physicians were underrepresented. Many incoming CI fellows did not have an informatics background. During CI fellowship, trainees earned Master’s degrees and certificates, were exposed to many different types of CI activities, and were able to spend most of their time pursuing projects that supported their personal career goals.

Conclusion
These findings represent the most comprehensive report to date of CI fellows and alumni. Physicians without prior informatics experience who are interested in CI should be encouraged to apply because CI fellowship provides a strong foundation of informatics knowledge while supporting fellows’ personal career goals. There remains a lack of women and underrepresented minorities in CI fellowship programs; efforts to expand the pipeline are needed.
The Effect of Pursuing Self-Regulatory Goals on Variety Seeking
Authors: Rafieian Hoori , Huang Yanliu , Kahn Barbara E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pursuing a self-regulatory goal, such as weight loss, motivates consumers to forego pleasure seeking, typically by selecting virtue over vice. We propose that in the absence of virtuous options, consumers with a self-regulatory goal will instead choose less variety in choice sets of exclusively vice options because the extra pleasure that variety affords seems incompatible with the goal. We find converging evidence for the decrease in variety seeking in vice categories across five studies (and three supplementary studies in the web appendix, N = 6,066), using both scenario-based and actual consumption contexts. We also demonstrate the underlying process: consumers are motivated to curtail pleasure seeking when pursuing a weight-loss goal and that leads them to choose less variety in vice categories when there is no virtue alternative available.
The impact of online medication reviews and educational workshops on deprescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a controlled before-after study
Authors: Al-Sakran Lina , Carney Gregory , Maclure Malcolm , Fisher Anat , Perry Thomas , Dormuth Colin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The South Peace Polypharmacy Reduction Project is a quality improvement project in three communities in rural Canada that aimed to reduce polypharmacy and inappropriate prescribing practices in older adults. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention consisting of online team-based medication reviews and educational workshops on the number of chronic medications.

Methods
A controlled before-after design was used to compare if a decrease in the number of chronic medications was associated with the intervention comprising of online team-based medication reviews and educational workshops, compared with two matched control groups that received either a standard medication review or no medication review. Logistic regression models fit with generalized estimated equations were used to identify the impact of the interventions on decreasing the number of chronic medications.

Key findings
Following a medication review, the percentage of individuals that had deprescribed at least one medication was highest in the intervention group (52%), followed by the medication review controls at 45%, and 36% in non-medication review controls. Individuals in the intervention group were 20% more likely to have at least one medication deprescribed than individuals in the medication review control group (adjusted odds ratio: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.39), whereas they were 42% more likely to deprescribe at least one medication compared with non-medication review controls (adjusted odds ratio: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.61).

Conclusions
Online team-based medication reviews had a significant impact on decreasing the number of chronic medications in older adults. Furthermore, providing healthcare providers with education can complement the role of other healthcare interventions.
NGC 2022, a case study of a multiple-shell planetary nebula
Authors: Montoro-Molina B , Guerrero M A , Santamaría E , Toalá J A , Chu Y-H , Ramos-Larios G , Infante-Sainz R , Akhlaghi M , Eskandarlou S , López-Sanjuan C 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed study of the physical properties, history of mass loss, and chemical abundances of the planetary nebula NGC 2022. New imaging observations obtained with the OAJ/JAST80 and NOT/ALFOSC confirm the presence of a faint ∼88 arcsec halo surrounding a double-layered elliptical structure that consists of a bright 21.4 × 16.7 arcsec inner shell and a 32 arcsec diameter envelope. The long-slit high-dispersion echelle observations obtained with MES on the OAN-SPM 2.1-m telescope can be well described by a shape model with expansion velocities of 43 ± 3 and 34 ± 3 km s−1 along the major and minor axes of the elliptical inner shell, respectively. In addition, a deep long-slit high-dispersion echelle observation made with the KPNO 4-m telescope detected line-splitting in the faint halo, revealing an expansion velocity of 15.5 ± 2 km s−1. We have also used new intermediate-dispersion optical spectra with the NOT, complemented with IUE data, to study the chemical abundances of each shell. The abundances of the three shells are typical of a Type II in the Peimbert classification of PNe and do not exhibit any notable anomalies. Finally, we estimate the total mass of NGC 2022 to be ≈0.9 M⊙, which consists of 0.64 M⊙ from the CSPN and 0.1, 0.11, and 0.1 × $f_{\mathrm{halo}}^{1/2}$ M⊙ from the ionized inner shell, outer shell, and halo, respectively.
On the degree of dynamical packing in the Kepler multiplanet systems
Authors: Obertas Alysa , Tamayo Daniel , Murray Norm 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Current planet formation theories rely on initially compact orbital configurations undergoing a (possibly extended) phase of giant impacts following the dispersal of the dissipative protoplanetary disc. The orbital architectures of observed mature exoplanet systems have likely been strongly sculpted by chaotic dynamics, instabilities, and giant impacts. One possible signature of systems continually reshaped by instabilities and mergers is their dynamical packing. Early Kepler data showed that many multiplanet systems are maximally packed – placing an additional planet between an observed pair would make the system unstable. However, this result relied on placing the inserted planet in the most optimistic configuration for stability (e.g. circular orbits). While this would be appropriate in an ordered and dissipative picture of planet formation (i.e. planets dampen into their most stable configurations), we argue that this best-case scenario for stability is rarely realized due to the strongly chaotic nature of planet formation. Consequently, the degree of dynamical packing in multiplanet systems under a realistic formation model is likely significantly higher than previously realized. We examine the full Kepler multiplanet sample through this new lens, showing that $\sim 60{{-}}95~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of Kepler multiplanet systems are strongly packed and that dynamical packing increases with multiplicity. This may be a signature of dynamical sculpting or of undetected planets, showing that dynamical packing is an important metric that can be incorporated into planet formation modelling or when searching for unseen planets.
Into the High to Ultrahigh Temperature Melting of Earth’s Crust: Investigation of Melt and Fluid Inclusions within Mg-Rich Metapelitic Granulites from the Mather Peninsula, East Antarctica
Authors: Liu Zhao , Carvalho Bruna B , Li Wancai , Tong Laixi , Bartoli Omar , Chen Longyao , Yan Qinghe , Wu Haobo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Precise constraints on the compositions of melts generated by anatexis under ultrahigh temperature (UHT) conditions are critical for understanding processes of partial melting and differentiation of the Earth’s crust. Here we reveal geochemical and physical signatures of anatectic melts preserved as nanogranitoids (i.e. crystalized melt inclusions) within sapphirine-bearing UHT metapelitic granulites from the Mather Peninsula, East Antarctica. Their coexistence with high−Al orthopyroxene as inclusions in garnets strongly suggests that the investigated melts were at least partially UHT in origin. The nanogranitoids are enriched in SiO2 (69.9–75.6 wt.%), strongly peraluminous (ASI values = 1.2–1.6) and potassic to ultrapotassic (Na2O + K2O = 7.1–9.5 wt.%, K/Na = 2.2–9.3). When compared to the granulitic restite, the melts are enriched in Li, Cs, Rb, Ta, Sm, Nd, Zr, U and Pb, and depleted in Ce, Th, Ba, Sr and Nb. Their geochemical characteristics are consistent with biotite−dehydration melting in the absence of plagioclase. Our calculation results indicate that these hot crustal melts have low densities of 2.47 ± 0.07 g/cm3, low viscosities of 104.9 ± 1.2 Pa·s and high heat production values of ∼2.8 μW/m3. Therefore, such melts are mobile and susceptible to be extracted from the source, and consequently their flow and removal from the deep crust may greatly affect the chemical and thermal structure of the continental crust.
Secondary C − O − H fluid inclusions within garnet and orthopyroxene have also been detected. These inclusions contain magnesite, pyrophyllite, corundum, with or without residual CO2. The minerals within the fluid inclusions are interpreted as stepdaughter minerals, which were produced by the reaction of the fluid with its host. The metamorphic timing of the investigated rocks is still a matter of debate. Zircon U–Pb dating results obtained in this study suggest that the metapelitic granulites may have undergone two separated thermal events at ∼1000 and ∼530 Ma, respectively. The presence of fluid inclusions indicates that fluid infiltration and Pan–African reworking may have played an important role in obscuring chronological information of the early thermal scenario in poly-metamorphic terranes.
Moisture stress limits radial mixing of non-structural carbohydrates in sapwood of trembling aspen
Authors: Peltier Drew M P , Nguyen Phiyen , Ebert Chris , Koch George W , Schuur Edward A G , Ogle Kiona 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Dynamics in non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pools may underlie observed drought legacies in tree growth. We assessed how aridity influences the dynamics of different-aged NSC pools in tree sapwood at two sites with differing climate conditions (‘wet’ vs ‘dry’), which also experienced widespread regional drought 5 years earlier. We used an incubation method to measure the radiocarbon (Δ14C) in CO2 respired from Populus tremuloides Michx. (aspen) tree rings to evaluate NSC storage and mixing patterns, coupled with measurements of NSC (soluble sugars and starch) concentrations and respired δ13C-CO2. At a wet site, CO2 respired from rings formed during 1962–67 was only ~11 years old, suggesting deep sapwood mixing of NSCs as starch. At a dry site, the total NSC was about one-third of wet-site totals, maximum ages in deep rings were lower and ages more rapidly increased in shallow rings and then plateaued. These results suggest historically shallower mixing and/or relatively higher consumption of NSCs under dry conditions. Both sites, however, had similar aged NSC (&lt;1 year) in the most recent six rings, indicative of deep radial mixing following relatively wet conditions during the sampling year. We suggest that the significant differences in NSC mixing among sites are driven by moisture stress, where aridity reduces NSC reserves and restricts the depth of radial mixing. However, dynamic climate conditions in the south-western USA resulted in more complex radial patterns of sapwood NSC age than previously described. We suggest a novel conceptual framework to understand how moisture variability might influence the dynamics of NSC mixing in the sapwood.
Morphological, ontogenetic, and molecular investigations of freshwater hypotrich ciliates from China revealed a new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), and a novel limnetic population of Deviata multilineae
Authors: Song Wenya , Dong Jingyi , Lu Xiaoteng , Al-Farraj Saleh A , Song Weibo , Hines Hunter N , Luo Xiaotian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hypotrichs are among the most complex and highly differentiated ciliate lineages, which are distributed in diverse habitats. Members of the family Deviatidae Foissner, 2016 are commonly found in freshwater or low-salinity habitats, as well as soils. During a study of freshwater wetland diversity in China, a novel deviatid ciliate Heterodeviata sinica gen. nov. et sp. nov. and a distinct population of Deviata multilineae Zhang et al., 2022 were investigated based on morphology, morphogenesis, and 18S rRNA gene sequences. The new genus Heterodeviata gen. nov. can be characterized by having two or more left and right marginal rows each, one frontoventral cirral row, the presence of caudal cirri, and two dorsal kineties, one of them being a dorsomarginal kinety. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that Heterodeviata is nested in a well-supported clade with Deviata Eigner, 1995, Perisincirra Jankowski, 1978 and Pseudosincirra Gao et al., 2021, which suggests that the family Deviatidae is monophyletic. The close relationship among the Deviatidae genera were supported after extensive morphological and morphogenetic investigations, as well as molecular phylogeny presented here.