bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and outlook of climatic hazards in an agricultural area of Pakistan
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Tousif , Anwar Arif A. , Hussain Kashif 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany dimensions of human life and the environment are vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change and the hazards associated with it. There are several indices and metrics to quantify climate hazards that can inform preparedness and planning at different levels e.g., global, regional, national, and local. This study uses biased corrected climate projections of temperature and precipitation to compute characteristics of potential climate hazards that are pronounced in the Gomal Zam Dam Command Area (GZDCA)— an irrigated agricultural area in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. The results answer the question of what the future holds in the GZDCA regarding climate hazards of heatwaves, heavy precipitation, and agricultural drought. The results of heatwaves and agricultural drought present an alarming future and call for immediate actions for preparedness and adaptation. The magnitude of drought indices for the future is correlated with the crop yield response based on AquaCrop model simulations with observed climate data being used as input. This correlation provides insight into the suitability of various drought indices for agricultural drought characterization. The results elaborate on how the yield of wheat crop grown in a typical setting common in the South Asian region respond to the magnitude of drought indices. The findings of this study inform the planning process for changing climate and expected climate hazards in the GZDCA. Analyzing climate hazards for the future at the local level (administrative districts or contiguous agricultural areas) might be a more efficient approach for climate resilience due to its specificity and enhanced focus on the context.
A novel specific aptamer targets cerebrovascular endothelial cells after ischemic stroke
Authors: Hu Heng , Wu Silin , Lee Tae Jin , Gusdon Aaron M. , Liu Yuxin , Choi Huimahn A. , Ren Xuefang Sophie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCell specific-targeted therapy (CSTT) for acute ischemic stroke remains underdeveloped. Cerebrovascular endothelial cells (CECs) are key components of the blood–brain barrier and are the first brain cells affected by ischemic stroke. After stroke, CEC injury causes insufficient energy supply to neurons and leads to cytotoxic and vasogenic brain edema. Aptamers are short single-stranded RNA or DNA molecules that can bind to specific ligands for cell specific delivery. The expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is increased on CECs after stroke. Herein, we report that an RNA-based VCAM-1-aptamer can specifically target CECs in stroke brains following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Our data demonstrate the potential of an RNA-based aptamer as an effective delivery platform to target CECs after stroke. We believe this method will allow for the development of CSTT for treatment of patients with stroke.
Quantum neural network cost function concentration dependency on the parametrization expressivity
Authors: Friedrich Lucas , Maziero Jonas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough we are currently in the era of noisy intermediate scale quantum devices, several studies are being conducted with the aim of bringing machine learning to the quantum domain. Currently, quantum variational circuits are one of the main strategies used to build such models. However, despite its widespread use, we still do not know what are the minimum resources needed to create a quantum machine learning model. In this article, we analyze how the expressiveness of the parametrization affects the cost function. We analytically show that the more expressive the parametrization is, the more the cost function will tend to concentrate around a value that depends both on the chosen observable and on the number of qubits used. For this, we initially obtain a relationship between the expressiveness of the parametrization and the mean value of the cost function. Afterwards, we relate the expressivity of the parametrization with the variance of the cost function. Finally, we show some numerical simulation results that confirm our theoretical-analytical predictions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these two important aspects of quantum neural networks are explicitly connected.
Ce(III) and La(III) ions adsorption using Amberlite XAD-7 resin impregnated with DEHPA extractant: response surface methodology, isotherm and kinetic study
Authors: Yarahmadi Azadeh , Khani Mohammad Hassan , Nasiri Zarandi Masoud , amini Younes , Yadollahi Ali 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the removal efficiency of Cerium (Ce(ΙΙΙ)) and lanthanum (La(ΙΙΙ)) ions from aqueous solution using Amberlite XAD-7 resin impregnated with DEHPA(XAD7-DEHPA) was studied in the batch system. The adsorbent ( XAD7–DEHPA) was characterized by SEM–EDX, FTIR and BET analysis Techniques. The response surface methodology based on the central composite design was applied to model and optimize the removal process and evaluate operating parameters like adsorbent dose (0.05–0.065), initial pH (2–6) and temperature (15–55). Variance analysis showed that the adsorbent dose, pH and temperature were the most effective parameters in the adsorption of Ce(ΙIΙ)and La(IΙI) respectively. The results showed that the optimum adsorption condition was achieved at pH = 6, the optimum amount of absorbent and the equilibrium time equal to 0.6 gr and 180 min, respectively. According to the results, the adsorption percentage of Ce(ΙIΙ) and La(ΙΙΙ) ions onto the aforementioned resin were 99.99% and 78.76% respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and sips isotherm models were applied to describe the equilibrium data. From the results, Langmuir isotherm (R2 (Ce) = 0.999, R2 (La) = 0.998) was found to better correlate the experimental rate data. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent ( XAD7–DEHPA) for both Ce(IΙI) and La(III) was found to be 8.28 and 5.52 mg g−1 respectively. The kinetic data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Intra particle diffusion models. Based on the results, the pseudo-first-order model and Intra particle diffusion model described the experimental data as well. In general, the results showed that ( XAD7–DEHPA) resin is an effective adsorbent for the removal of Ce(IΙI) and La(III) ions from aqueous solutions due to its high ability to selectively remove these metals as well as its reusability.
Individual variability in subcortical neural encoding shapes phonetic cue weighting
Authors: Ou Jinghua , Xiang Ming , Yu Alan C. L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent studies have revealed great individual variability in cue weighting, and such variation is shown to be systematic across individuals and linked to differences in some general cognitive mechanism. The present study investigated the role of subcortical encoding as a source of individual variability in cue weighting by focusing on English listeners’ frequency following responses to the tense/lax English vowel contrast varying in spectral and durational cues. Listeners differed in early auditory encoding with some encoding the spectral cue more veridically than the durational one, while others exhibited the reverse pattern. These differences in cue encoding further correlate with behavioral variability in cue weighting, suggesting that specificity in cue encoding across individuals modulates how cues are weighted in downstream processes.
Effects of horizontal compared to vertical-based plyometric jump training on semi-professional soccer player's performance
Authors: Nobari Hadi , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Vali Norodin , Silva Ana Filipa , van den Hoek Daniel , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the effects of horizontal (HJ) and vertical (VJ)-based plyometric jump training on male semi-professional soccer player's performance (e.g., change-of-direction speed [5-0-5 test]; 10-m, 20-m, and 30-m linear sprint speed). A parallel-study design was conducted. Participants were organized into HJ (n = 10) or VJ (n = 9) during 12 weeks. Measures of athletic performance were obtained in four phases: (i) before and (ii) end of the pre-season, (iii) during (weeks 7th), and (iv) after the intervention. The within-group analysis revealed that both HJ and VJ improved change of direction ($${x}^{2}$$

x

2

= 27.783; p < 0.001 ($${x}^{2}$$

x

2

= 21.635; p < 0.001),), 10-m linear sprint time ($${x}^{2}$$

x

2

= 28.576; p < 0.001), 20-m linear sprint time ($${x}^{2}$$

x

2

= 28.969, p < 0.001), and 30-m linear sprint time ($${x}^{2}$$

x

2

= 26.143; p < 0.001). Similarly, the VJ-group also imposed significant changes on 5-0-5 time, 10-m linear sprint time ($${x}^{2}$$

x

2

= 25.787; p < 0.001), 20-m linear sprint time ($${x}^{2}$$

x

2

= 24.333, p < 0.001), and 30-m linear sprint time ($${x}^{2}$$

x

2

= 22.919; p < 0.001). Between-group analysis revealed no significant differences in any of the assessment moments. HJ and VJ plyometric jump training are effective for improving the change-of-direction and a linear sprint of semi-professional players with no difference between types of intervention.
Momentum transfer on impact damping by liquid crystalline elastomers
Authors: Guo Hongye , Terentjev Andrew , Saed Mohand O. , Terentjev Eugene M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe effect of elastomeric damping pads, softening the collision of hard objects, is investigated comparing the reference silicone elastomer and the polydomain nematic liquid crystalline elastomer, which has a far superior internal dissipation mechanism. We specifically focus not just on the energy dissipation, but also on the momentum conservation and transfer during the collision, because the latter determines the force exerted on the target and/or the impactor—and it is the force that does the damage during the short time of an impact, while the energy might be dissipated on a much longer time scale. To better assess the momentum transfer, we compare the collision with a very heavy object and the collision with a comparable mass, when some of the impact momentum is retained in the target receding away from the collision. We also propose a method to estimate the optimal thickness of an elastomer damping pad for minimising the energy in impactor rebound. It has been found that thicker pads introduce a large elastic rebound and the optimal thickness is therefore the thinnest possible pad that does not suffer from mechanical failure. We find good agreement between our estimate of the minimal thickness of the elastomer before the puncture through occurs and the experimental observations.
A PETase enzyme synthesised in the chloroplast of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is active against post-consumer plastics
Authors: Di Rocco Giulia , Taunt Henry N. , Berto Marcello , Jackson Harry O. , Piccinini Daniele , Carletti Alan , Scurani Giulia , Braidi Niccolò , Purton Saul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate hydrolases (PETases) are a newly discovered and industrially important class of enzymes that catalyze the enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephatalate (PET), one of the most abundant plastics in the world. The greater enzymatic efficiencies of PETases compared to close relatives from the cutinase and lipase families have resulted in increasing research interest. Despite this, further characterization of PETases is essential, particularly regarding their possible activity against other kinds of plastic. In this study, we exploited for the first time the use of the microalgal chloroplast for more sustainable synthesis of a PETase enzyme. A photosynthetic-restoration strategy was used to generate a marker-free transformant line of the green microalgaChlamydomonas reinhardtiiin which the PETase fromIdeonella sakaiensiswas constitutively expressed in the chloroplast. Subsequently, the activity of the PETase against both PET and post-consumer plastics was investigated via atomic force microscopy, revealing evidence of degradation of the plastics.
Calculation of magnetocaloric effect with regard for dependence of heat capacity on magnetic field
Authors: Kosogor Anna , L’vov Victor A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA specific heat of the magnetic solid exhibiting AFM–FM phase transition is computed using the Landau-type theory of phase transitions. The experimentally observed dependence of the specific heat value on the external magnetic field is modelled. It is shown, that this dependence has strong influence on the giant magnetocaloric effect (MCE), which is inherent to the solids exhibiting the phase transitions accompanied by the strong change of magnetization value: the disregard of this dependence leads to the noticeable overestimation of adiabatic temperature change, which is the practically important characteristic of MCE. The temperature change characterizing the giant MCE observed in Fe–Rh alloys is computed. The reasonable agreement between the available experimental data and obtained theoretical results is demonstrated.
Blood-brain barrier disruption defines the extracellular metabolome of live human high-grade gliomas
Authors: Riviere-Cazaux Cecile , Carlstrom Lucas P. , Rajani Karishma , Munoz-Casabella Amanda , Rahman Masum , Gharibi-Loron Ali , Brown Desmond A. , Miller Kai J. , White Jaclyn J. , Himes Benjamin T. , Jusue-Torres Ignacio , Ikram Samar , Ransom Seth C. , Hirte Renee , Oh Ju-Hee , Elmquist William F. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Vaubel Rachael A. , Rodriguez Moses , Warrington Arthur E. , Kizilbash Sani H. , Burns Terry C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe extracellular microenvironment modulates glioma behaviour. It remains unknown if blood-brain barrier disruption merely reflects or functionally supports glioma aggressiveness. We utilised intra-operative microdialysis to sample the extracellular metabolome of radiographically diverse regions of gliomas and evaluated the global extracellular metabolome via ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Among 162 named metabolites, guanidinoacetate (GAA) was 126.32x higher in enhancing tumour than in adjacent brain. 48 additional metabolites were 2.05–10.18x more abundant in enhancing tumour than brain. With exception of GAA, and 2-hydroxyglutarate in IDH-mutant gliomas, differences between non-enhancing tumour and brain microdialysate were modest and less consistent. The enhancing, but not the non-enhancing glioma metabolome, was significantly enriched for plasma-associated metabolites largely comprising amino acids and carnitines. Our findings suggest that metabolite diffusion through a disrupted blood-brain barrier may largely define the enhancing extracellular glioma metabolome. Future studies will determine how the altered extracellular metabolome impacts glioma behaviour.
Counteranion-induced structural isomerization of phosphine-protected PdAu8 and PtAu8 clusters
Authors: Fujiki Yu , Matsuyama Tomoki , Kikkawa Soichi , Hirayama Jun , Takaya Hikaru , Nakatani Naoki , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Nitta Kiyofumi , Negishi Yuichi , Yamazoe Seiji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractControlling the geometric structures of metal clusters through structural isomerization allows for tuning of their electronic state. In this study, we successfully synthesized butterfly-motif [PdAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (PdAu8-B, B means butterfly-motif) and [PtAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (PtAu8-B) by the structural isomerization from crown-motif [PdAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (PdAu8-C, C means crown-motif) and [PtAu8(PPh3)8]2+ (PtAu8-C), induced by association with anionic polyoxometalate, [Mo6O19]2– (Mo6) respectively, whereas their structural isomerization was suppressed by the use of [NO3]– and [PMo12O40]3– as counter anions. DR-UV-vis-NIR and XAFS analyses and density functional theory calculations revealed that the synthesized [PdAu8(PPh3)8][Mo6O19] (PdAu8-Mo6) and [PtAu8(PPh3)8][Mo6O19] (PtAu8-Mo6) had PdAu8-B and PtAu8-B respectively because PdAu8-Mo6 and PtAu8-Mo6 had bands in optical absorption at the longer wavelength region and different structural parameters characteristic of the butterfly-motif structure obtained by XAFS analysis. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that PdAu8-B and PtAu8-B were surrounded by six Mo6 with rock salt-type packing, which stabilizes the semi-stable butterfly-motif structure to overcome high activation energy for structural isomerization.
Amorphous tetrazine–triazine-functionalized covalent organic framework for adsorption and removal of dyes
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Kumari Kusum , Singh Saurabh K. , Dholakiya Bharat Z. , Jangir Ritambhara 
Published: June 2023

A new amorphous tetrazine–triazine-functionalized covalent organic framework (TzTPT-COF) was developed and employed as a porous adsorbent for the static and dynamic adsorption of small dye molecules, especially methylene blue (MB).
Thermofluidic investigations of oil natural transformer: Closed‐loop modelling and experimental validation
Authors: Li Yuan , Gao Yiran , Wang Chen , Zhu Chao , Li Ying , Wang Yuankai , Zhang Guanjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExcessively high temperatures inside a power transformer can accelerate the ageing rate and even cause unplanned outages. Accurately estimating the hot‐spot temperature (HST) of a power transformer is important for regulating the load and ensuring long‐term operation. In this study, a closed‐loop model of a 110‐kV product transformer with an oil natural/air forced (ONAF) cooling mode is built to predict HST, in which the compression ratio of windings, equivalent heat source and radiator geometry are considered. According to the flow field of the winding, the ‘dead oil zone’ and reverse oil flow are observed in the horizontal oil channels. The accuracy of the proposed model is experimentally validated by temperature‐rise tests. The results show that the absolute errors between the measured results and simulation are below 5°C, and the average error is ∼2°C. Furthermore, the arrangements of windings and radiators are studied to enhance the oil circulation. By adding 5 washers to the high‐voltage winding, the average temperature can be decreased by 6°C compared with the case without a washer. Elevating the radiator can also mitigate the characteristic temperatures, and the optimal height difference between the radiator and winding centre is suggested to be 0.66 m.
Optimal driving strategies for emergency operation of high‐speed trains using on‐board energy storage systems
Authors: Zhu Yutong , Zhang Bo , Chen Jianan , Liu Weizhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA power outage occurs when there is an interruption to traction power system. In such emergency situations, trains are expected to achieve autonomy operation powered by on‐board energy storage systems (OESS). This paper presents optimization models and methods to find optimal driving strategies for train emergency operation. Specifically, a nonlinear and non‐convex program is first formulated in space‐domain to minimize trip time under the limits of power and energy capacity of OESS. To improve computational efficiency, the time dynamics is removed from constraints and adjoined to the cost function. Furthermore, convex modelling steps are proposed to reformulate the problem as a convex program that can be solved efficiently. A bi‐level algorithm is designed to obtain optimal driving strategies that can arrive at destinations as soon as possible. Compared to energy‐optimal driving strategies, the proposed methods can effectively reduce the trip time.
Zukunft der Universitätsmedizin: Welchen Stellenwert haben Forschung und Lehre noch? – Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Roeth Anjali A. , Jauch Dominik , Boedecker Christian , Huber Tobias , Buhr Heinz J , Klinger Carsten , Sommer Nils , Wachter Nicolas , Hartmann Daniel , Schnitzbauer Andreas , Geis Christian 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Voraussetzungen der Universitätskliniken in Deutschland verändern sich. Gerade in operativen Fächern wird es schwieriger, die 3 Säulen der Universitätsmedizin – Klinik, Forschung und
Lehre – adäquat zu bedienen. Ziel der vorliegenden Umfrage war es, den Status quo der universitären Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie ermitteln, um eine Grundlage für Lösungsvorschläge zu
bieten.Für diese Onlineumfrage wurden 1505 viszeralchirurgische Ärzt*innen an den 38 Universitätskliniken kontaktiert. Der Fragebogen beinhaltete 29 Fragen zur Klinikstruktur, zur
wissenschaftlichen Motivation, zu Möglichkeiten der Freistellung und zur Wertschätzung der akademischen Leistungen. Ebenso wurden Art und Umfang der Lehrveranstaltungen sowie die Vorbereitung
hierauf ermittelt. Hinsichtlich der Krankenversorgung wurden Art und Anzahl von Diensten sowie der Ablauf der chirurgischen Weiterbildung untersucht.Durch die online veröffentlichten Daten der einzelnen Kliniken hinsichtlich Anzahl, Geschlecht, Position und akademischem Titel der beschäftigten Ärzt*innen konnte eine Demografie der
universitären Viszeralchirurg*innen erstellt werden. An der Umfrage nahmen 352 Viszeralchirurg*innen teil, was einer Rücklaufquote von 23,4% entspricht. Es antworteten 31 Direktor*innen, 116
Oberärzt*innen, 252 Fachärzt*innen und 138 Assistenzärzt*innen. Von den Teilnehmenden waren 93,5% wissenschaftlich tätig, der Großteil im Bereich der klinischen Datenerhebung. Viele gaben an,
auch in der translationalen und/oder experimentellen Forschung aktiv zu sein, während die Lehrforschung selten benannt wurde. Während ihrer Regelarbeitszeit wissenschaftlich arbeiten zu
können, wurde von 45% bejaht. Die Honorierung dieser Tätigkeit gestaltete sich meist in Form von Freistellung für Kongresse und klinischer Wertschätzung. Die meisten Teilnehmenden waren an 3–4
Lehrveranstaltungen pro Woche beteiligt, wobei 24,4% angaben, darauf nicht adäquat vorbereitet zu werden.Die Vereinbarkeit der klassischen 3 Säulen Klinik, Forschung und Lehre besitzt weiterhin eine hohe Relevanz. Unter den teilnehmenden Viszeralchirurg*innen besteht eine hohe Motivation,
trotz zunehmenden ökonomischen Druckes Forschung und Lehre nicht zu vernachlässigen. Es müssen allerdings Strukturen geschaffen werden, um Engagement in Forschung und Lehre zu honorieren und
strukturiert zu fördern.
Primär pigmentiertes malignes Melanom in der Harnblase therapiert mit radikaler Urethrozystektomie und adjuvanter Therapie
Authors: Albarghouth Mohamad Hatem , Bothmann Robin , Hamza Amir 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Das primäre maligne Melanom (PMM) der Harnwege ist eine seltene Entität mit weniger als 50 berichteten Fällen weltweit. Im Nachfolgenden wird der Fall einer 64-jährigen Patientin dargestellt. Diese stellte sich akut über die Notaufnahme unseres Hauses mit einer Makrohämaturie vor. Im Rahmen der weiterführenden Diagnostik konnte ein primäres Melanom in der Harnblase und in der Urethra diagnostiziert werden. Es erfolgte die radikale Urethrozystektomie mit pelviner Lymphadenektomie beidseits mit Ileum-Conduit-Anlage. Anschließend leiteten wir eine adjuvante systemische Therapie mittels Checkpointinhibitoren für ein Jahr ein.