bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poverty in Europe: How long‐term poverty developed following the financial crisis and what drives it
Authors: Franzen Axel , Bahr Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the development of the long‐term relative poverty rate in Europe. We use European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data (EU‐SILC) for 26 European countries between 2009 and 2018. In addition to describing the development of long‐term poverty, we also analyse the drivers of poverty on the country level via fixed effects panel regression analysis. We are particularly interested in how economic growth, employment rates, social expenditure, and short‐term poverty rates are related to long‐term poverty. Overall, the results show that long‐term poverty has increased in 13 out of 26 countries, but was unchanged or decreased in 13 countries. Gross domestic product growth is not related to the development of long‐term poverty. However, we find that male employment and social welfare expenditure reduce poverty rates. Furthermore, short‐term poverty is negatively associated with long‐term poverty. Hence, short‐term poverty and long‐term poverty rather substitute than complement each other.
Professional quality of life, resilience, posttraumatic stress and leisure activity among intensive care unit nurses
Authors: Shin Noori , Choi Yun‐Jung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience posttraumatic stress due to being exposed to pain, death, disease and surrogate trauma. Thus, it is necessary to investigate ways to enhance their coping abilities and improve their professional quality of life.AimThis study explores factors related to professional quality of life, resilience and posttraumatic stress of ICU nurses and provides basic data for the development of psychological support programmes to address.MethodsThe participants in this cross‐sectional study consisted of 112 ICU nurses working at a general hospital in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected using self‐report questionnaires on general characteristics, professional quality of life, resilience and posttraumatic stress and analysed using IBM SPSS for Windows version 25.FindingsProfessional quality of life showed a significant positive correlation with nurses’ resilience, whereas posttraumatic stress was significantly negatively correlated with professional quality of life. Among participants’ general characteristics, leisure activity showed the strongest positive correlation with professional quality of life and resilience and a significant negative correlation with posttraumatic stress.ConclusionThis study explored the correlations among resilience, posttraumatic stress and professional quality of life of ICU nurses. Further, we found that leisure activities are associated with their higher resilience and lower posttraumatic stress.Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyPolicy development and organisational supports are required to promote various club activities and stress reduction programmes for clinical nurses in order to increase their professional quality of life and resilience as well as prevent posttraumatic stress.
Increasing Trust in New Data Sources: Crowdsourcing Image Classification for Ecology
Authors: Santos‐Fernandez Edgar , Vercelloni Julie , Price Aiden , Heron Grace , Christensen Bryce , Peterson Erin E. , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: May 2023

SummaryCrowdsourcing methods facilitate the production of scientific information by non‐experts. This form of citizen science (CS) is becoming a key source of complementary data in many fields to inform data‐driven decisions and study challenging problems. However, concerns about the validity of these data often constrain their utility. In this paper, we focus on the use of citizen science data in addressing complex challenges in environmental conservation. We consider this issue from three perspectives. First, we present a literature scan of papers that have employed Bayesian models with citizen science in ecology. Second, we compare several popular majority vote algorithms and introduce a Bayesian item response model that estimates and accounts for participants' abilities after adjusting for the difficulty of the images they have classified. The model also enables participants to be clustered into groups based on ability. Third, we apply the model in a case study involving the classification of corals from underwater images from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We show that the model achieved superior results in general and, for difficult tasks, a weighted consensus method that uses only groups of experts and experienced participants produced better performance measures. Moreover, we found that participants learn as they have more classification opportunities, which substantially increases their abilities over time. Overall, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of CS for answering complex and challenging ecological questions when these data are appropriately analysed. This serves as motivation for future work to increase the efficacy and trustworthiness of this emerging source of data.
Spatial and seasonal distribution of fish eggs and larvae in one free‐flowing river in the Neotropical savanna
Authors: Carnicer Cleide , Lima Luciano B. , Taguti Tátia Leika , Oliveira Fagner Junior M. , Lima‐Junior Dilermando Pereira 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReproduction is one of the most important biological aspects for the maintenance of viable populations, and understanding the spatial and seasonal patterns in the reproduction of Neotropical fish is a point that still needs considerable investigation. In this study, the main aim was to reduce knowledge gaps concerning fish eggs and larvae distribution patterns. Therefore, the River Araguaia basin, one of the main hydrographic basins of the Neotropical savanna, was used as the focal point of study. Samplings of fish eggs and larvae were carried across the hydrological regime during flooding and drought events between December 2018 and July 2020 at 15 sites distributed along a 350 km stretch of the River Araguaia basin. Fish eggs and larvae were found in all sampling sites, with the highest number of catches in the flood season. The fish larvae were represented by 5 orders, 22 families and 22 at the genus or species level. Both environments, tributary and main channel of the River Araguaia, are important for fish reproduction, and no difference was found in the use between the main channel and the tributaries. The results showed that spatial factors are important to explain the change in larval composition, which may have a wide or restricted distribution related to specific habitats. The main factors related to the reproductive activity of fish in this region are the physical and chemical changes in the water that occur in the flood season. These results indicate that the River Araguaia basin has environmental integrity and provides favourable conditions for the reproductive activity of fish, including long‐distance migratory species. Considering this, mitigate measures that guarantee the preservation of the natural flow are crucial for the maintenance of fish biodiversity.
The effect of protein provision and exercise therapy on patient‐reported and clinical outcomes in intensive care unit survivors: A systematic review
Authors: Barth Iris , Beumeler Lise F. E. , Nahar‐van Venrooij Lenny , van Dijk Olga , Buter Hanneke , Boerma E. Christiaan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) survivors deal with long‐term health problems, which negatively affect their quality of life (QoL). Nutritional and exercise intervention could prevent the decline of muscle mass and physical functioning which occurs during critical illness. Despite the growing amount of research, robust evidence is lacking.MethodsFor this systematic review, Embase, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched. The effect of protein provision (PP) or combined protein and exercise therapy (CPE) during or after ICU admission on QoL, physical functioning, muscle health, protein/energy intake and mortality was assessed compared to standard care.ResultsFour thousand nine hundred and fifty‐seven records were identified. After screening, data were extracted for 15 articles (9 randomised controlled trials and 6 non‐randomised studies). Two studies reported improvements in muscle mass, of which one found higher independency in activities of daily living. No significant effect was found on QoL. Overall, protein targets were seldom met and often below recommendations.ConclusionEvidence for the effect of PP or CPE on patient‐reported outcomes in ICU survivors is limited due to study heterogeneity and lack of high‐quality studies. Future research and clinical practice should focus on adequate protein delivery with exercise interventions to improve long‐term outcomes.
ERF5 enhances protocorm‐like body regeneration via enhancement of STM expression in Dendrobium orchid
Authors: Zeng Danqi , Si Can , Zhang Mingze , Duan Jun , He Chunmei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrchid plants develop protocorms upon germination and produce protocorm‐like structures called protocorm‐like bodies (PLBs) from protocorms and somatic cells via tissue culture. Protocorm‐like bodies have broad technical application potential in the orchid industry and their regeneration is a distinct developmental process in the plant kingdom. However, little is known about this unparalleled developmental program. In this study, we identified a PLB‐abundant gene, ethylene response factor (ERF), and a transcription factor named DoERF5, and determined its important role in PLB regeneration in Dendrobium orchid. Overexpression of DoERF5 in Dendrobium greatly enhanced the PLB regeneration from PLB and stem explants, and upregulated the expression of WOUND‐INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION (DoWIND) homologs and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (DoSTM), as well as the genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis (DoIPT) and the cytokinin response factors (DoARRs). However, silencing DoERF5 reduced the regeneration rate of PLBs, and downregulated the expression of DoWIND homologs, DoSTM and DoARRs. We demonstrated that DoERF5 is directly bound to the DoSTM promoter and regulates its expression. In addition, overexpression of DoSTM in Dendrobium orchid resulted in favorable regeneration of PLBs. Our results clarify that DoERF5 regulates the regeneration of PLB by enhancing DoSTM expression. Our findings provide new insights into how DoERF5 mediates PLB regeneration and offers technical potential in improving clonal propagation, preservation, and the bioengineering of orchids.
Pediatric palliative care utilization by decedent children: A nationwide population‐based study, 2002–2017
Authors: Wu Wei‐Wen , Lu Frank L. , Tang Chia‐Chun , Chao Fang‐Hsin , Yu Tsung‐Hsien 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed (1) to describe how trends in pediatric palliative care (PPC) utilization changed from 2002 to 2017, and (2) to examine factors predicting PPC utilization among decedent children in Taiwan.DesignThis retrospective, correlational study retrieved 2002–2017 data from three national claims databases in Taiwan.MethodsChildren aged 1 through 18 years who died between January 2002 and December 2017 were included. Pediatric palliative care utilization was defined as PPC enrollment and PPC duration, with enrollment described by frequency (n) and percentage (%) and duration described by mean and standard deviation (SD). Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of various demographic characteristics with PPC enrollment; generalized linear regression was used to examine associations of the demographic characteristics with PPC duration.FindingsAcross the 16‐year study period, PPC enrollment increased sharply (15.49 times), while PPC duration decreased smoothly (by 29.41%). Cause of death was a continuous predictor of both PPC enrollment and PPC duration. The children less likely to be enrolled in PPC services were those aged 1 to 6 years, boys, living in poverty, living in rural areas, and diagnosed with life‐threatening noncancer diseases.ConclusionThis study used nationwide databases to investigate PPC enrollment and PPC duration among a large sample of deceased children from 2002 to 2017. The findings not only delineate trends and predictors of PPC enrollment and PPC duration but also highlight great progress in PPC as well as the areas still understudied and underserved. This information could help the pediatric healthcare system achieve the core value of family‐centered care for children with life‐threatening diseases and their families.Clinical RelevancePediatric palliative care should be widely and continuously implemented in routine pediatric clinical practice to enhance quality of life for children and their families at the end of life.
Effectiveness of supplement ingredients on infertility treatment in advanced aged women
Authors: Kawamura Kazuhiro , Sato Yorino 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimDespite the remarkable progress made in reproductive medical technology in recent years, there has been no improvement in overall pregnancy and birth rates for the rising number of infertile patients. This is thought to be due to the increase in intractable infertility with ovarian dysfunction, as the desired age of pregnancy has increased for women. The aim of this article is to review preclinical studies that used laboratory animals and other tools to examine the effectiveness of diverse supplement ingredients on age‐related ovarian dysfunction as well as recent human clinical trials using supplement ingredients.MethodWe summarized the articles discussing the effectiveness of supplement ingredients on infertility treatment in advanced‐aged women by searching PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases until December 2022.ResultsSupplements are relatively inexpensive and convenient for patients, as they can be purchased at the will of the individual and from among multiple options. Although supplements have been demonstrated to have certain effects in animal studies, evidence of their effectiveness in humans is either lacking or insufficient for reaching a definite conclusion. This may be due to the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria for ovarian dysfunction and poor responders, unclear optimal dosages and duration of supplement intake, and well‐designed randomized clinical trials.ConclusionAdditional lines of evidence on the effectiveness of supplements in patients with ovarian dysfunction at an older age need to be accumulated in the future.
Dating and friendships in adolescence: Variation across same‐sex and other‐sex romantic partners
Authors: Wesche Rose , Kreager Derek A. , Ramirez Nayan G. , Gupta Shivangi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis research examined associations between dating and number of friends for rural adolescents with same‐sex and other‐sex dating partners using longitudinal sociometric data (N = 2826; 55% female, 87% White, mean age = 14 at baseline). In multilevel models assessing within‐person change, boys gained female friends when they were in same‐sex romantic relationships, compared to when they were single. In contrast, girls in same‐sex relationships lost female friends and gained male friends. Adolescents in other‐sex romantic relationships gained same‐sex friends compared to when they were single. Results advance understanding of adolescent social and sexual development, suggesting that sexual minority adolescents find allies when dating but may struggle to maintain same‐sex friendships.
Genomic characterization of recombinant cucumber mosaic virus isolates infecting mustard species via HTS in India
Authors: Singhal Pankhuri , Prajapati Malyaj R. , Diksha Damini , Baranwal Virendra Kumar , Singh Jitender 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of the most pervasive plant viruses, the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Bromoviridae: Cucumovirus, infects a variety of plants worldwide and significantly affects production quality and quantity. Viral infection exhibiting severe mosaic and stunting symptoms in plants infected with turnip mosaic virus was observed in experimental fields in IARI. Leaf samples were collected and the virome was identified through high‐throughput sequencing subjecting ribosomal RNA‐depleted mRNA. Here, we unravel for the first time the complete genome sequences of two CMV isolates infecting yellow and black‐seeded mustard in India. The three segments of the viral genome, as well as coat protein cds, were amplified and subjected to Sanger sequencing. The three viral genomic components were 3348 of RNA1, 3032 and 3040 of RNA2, 2260 and 2236 nts of RNA 3, respectively (including the 5′ and 3′ UTR). The two isolates shared high sequence identity and clubbed with the subgroup‐IB isolates in a clade. Recombination signals were detected within all the three RNAs of both New Delhi isolates wherein one of the parent isolates was reported to infect the family Brassicaceae. Recombination was observed throughout the region of RNA2 but the 3′ UTR was observed to be most prone to recombination. This is the first comprehensive depiction of a recombinant CMV subgroup IB isolate from black, yellow and brown‐seeded mustard from India, which has implications for its robust detection and overall management. This study also provides insight into population structuring, host expansions, level of genetic heterogeneity and variability of worldwide prevalent CMV isolates.
The Sociological Spirituality of W. E. B. Du Bois's Prayers for Dark People
Authors: Hughey Matthew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScholarship on W. E. B. Du Bois's understanding of religion is in the midst of a renaissance. Yet, few engage Du Bois's Prayers for Dark People, written over 1909–10 at Atlanta University. As a remedy, I first provide historical context on the production and reception of Prayers. I then delve into the content of Prayers, identifying the tenets of a Du Boisian “sociological spirituality” brought to bear on the study and navigation of “race” and the “color‐line.” Through four strategies, Du Bois blended sociological empiricism and theorization with appeals to spirituality in the form of moral realism, stoicism, hypostasis, and metaphysics: (1) a critical deism that conserves belief in sacred divinity; (2) pedagogical racial uplift strategies that help resolve theodicies; (3) symbolic interactionism that sanctifies the Black self, and; (4) a sociology of knowledge based on otherworldly dimensions. I conclude that Du Bois's Prayers serves as a liturgy for Black liberation. Prayers emphasizes a transgressive rhetoric that exceeds the confines of social theory through a sacralization of sociological knowledge as a prophetic anticipation of moral Black lifeworlds.
Beliefs About Poverty and Inequality: Du Bois and Ethnic Differences Among Catholics
Authors: Keister Lisa A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPoverty is among the most challenging social problems in the United States today, and beliefs about the government's role in reducing inequality and raising living standards for the poor are critical to alleviating poverty and its consequences. Du Bois recognized the complex challenges associated with poverty and was ahead of his time in pointing to ethnicity and religion as fundamental to creating change and alleviating poverty. Du Bois’ ideas continue to be relevant today, including for understanding ethnic differences among Catholics in attitudes toward poverty, which are likely changing given the growth of the Latino population. In the spirit of Du Bois’ seminal research, I compare Latino and non‐Latino Catholic attitudes toward poverty and inequality using the 2021 General Social Survey. Findings document critical differences among Catholics in beliefs about poverty and inequality and highlight the interdependent role of religion, ethnicity, and demographics (e.g., age, gender, socioeconomic status [SES]) in shaping attitudes.
Human self‐domestication and the evolution of prosody
Authors: Benítez‐Burraco Antonio , Elvira‐García Wendy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHuman self‐domestication refers to a new evolutionary hypothesis about human origins. According to this view, humans have experienced changes that are similar to those observed in domesticated mammals and that have provided us with many of the behavioural, and perhaps cognitive pre‐requisites for supporting our complex social practices and advanced culture. At the core of this hypothesis is the claim that self‐domestication is triggered by (and entails) a reduction in reactive aggression responses. The human self‐domestication hypothesis has been recently used to explain how grammars became more sophisticated via a cultural mechanism. Nonetheless, less research has been done in the domain of phonology, even though animal evidence suggests that domestication favours call complexity too. In this paper, we hypothesise about the effects of our increased self‐domestication on human prosody. We argue for a progressive complexification of prosody that parallels (and might be involved in a positive feed‐back loop with) the complexification of grammar in response to a reduction in reactive aggression. We build on evidence of diverse nature, from language typology to brain function to language acquisition studies.
To what extent does the general public endorse language myths?
Authors: Wagner Laura , Awani Sumurye , Patson Nikole D. , Stanhope Rebekah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on an investigation of adults' level of endorsement of 18 language myths, including myths about non‐mainstream dialects of English, children's language development, bilingualism, linguistic diversity across the world, the use of English in the language arts, and the job of a linguist. Participants (N = 187) read short vignettes of situations related to each misconception and were asked to justify their assessment of the situation. Responses were coded according to whether they endorsed the myth within the situation. Results showed that endorsement of language myths was highly dependent on the specific myth. Some myths were strongly endorsed (e.g. myths related to linguistic prejudice and children's language development), others were strongly rejected (e.g. myths related to the harmful nature of bilingualism), and others received a mixed pattern of endorsement and rejection. We discuss how this snapshot of public understanding can help linguists target their efforts at public education.