bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ КАК ФАКТОР СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Кульжанова Гульбарам Тимеркановна 
Published: January 2025

Философская природа человеческого капитала выступает источником модернизации современного общества, поэтому в русле исследования общественного прогресса возникает необходимость исследования человеческого капитала как фактора социальной модернизации. Рассматривается актуальная проблема формирования качественного человеческого капитала, который имеет важное значение в эффективной социальной модернизации общества. Цель исследования - обосновать философски переосмысленный и ориентированный на социальные задачи человеческий капитал как фундамент модернизационных процессов. Гипотеза заключается в том, что человеческий капитал не должен ограничиваться экономической трактовкой, а должен включать комплексные личностные и социальные качества, такие как креативность, инициативность и нравственность. Методологической основой исследования являются социально-философские подходы, что позволяет изучить феномен социальной модернизации через призму междисциплинарного анализа. Обсуждение результатов показывает, что для успешной модернизации общества необходимо рассматривать человеческий капитал как нечто большее, чем просто экономический ресурс, акцентируя внимание на его личностных и творческих аспектах. В заключении формулируется вывод о том, что в условиях инновационного развития важнейшими атрибутами человеческого капитала становятся нравственность, активность и творческая включенность членов общества в решение социальных задач.
The philosophical nature of human capital is a source of modernization of modern society. Therefore, in line with the study of social progress, there is a need to study human capital as a factor of social modernization. The article considers the actual problem of the forming quality human capital, which pays an important role in the effective social modernization of society. The purpose of the research is to show that human capital, philosophically rethought and focused on social goals, is the foundation of modernization processes. The hypothesis is that human capital should not be limited to an economic interpretation but should include complex personal and social qualities such as creativity, initiative and morality. The methodological basis of the research is socio-philosophical approaches that allow for studying the phenomenon of social modernization through the prism of interdisciplinary analysis. The discussion of the results shows that for the successful modernization of society, human capital must be considered as something broader than just an economic resource, with attention paid to its moral and creative aspects. The conclusion emphasizes that in the context of innovative development, key attributes of human capital become morality, activity and creative involvement of members of society in solving social tasks.
Выбор мембран и мембранных элементов для промышленной подготовки воды ультрафильтрацией
Authors: Ларионов С.Ю. , Пантелеев А.А. , Рябчиков Б.Е. , Самбурский Г.А. 
Published: January 2025

Технология очистки воды ультрафильтрацией практически начала применяться в России с начала 2000-х годов, когда на Юго-Западной водопроводной станции Москвы была введена в эксплуатацию крупнейшая в Европе установка подготовки питьевой воды производительностью 250 тыс. м³/сут (10 500 м³/ч) и на Новочеркасской ГРЭС – установка водоподготовки производительностью 250 м3/ч. В настоящее время работают десятки таких установок. При этом используются мембраны самых разных конструкций, изготовленных из разных материалов и в различном аппаратурном оформлении. Как правило, при грамотном подборе оборудования и условий его эксплуатации срок службы ультрафильтрационных мембран составляет от 4 до 10 лет. При этом требуется проведение обязательных предварительных пилотных испытаний, однако многие их игнорируют, считая, что процесс давно отработан и достаточно прост. В реальности выбор оптимальных мембранных элементов и режимов работы является непростой задачей, а ошибки влекут за собой большие финансовые и репутационные потери.
The technology of water purification by ultrafiltration has come into operation in Russia since the early 2000s with the commissioning of the largest drinking water treatment plant in Europe with a capacity of 250 thousand m³/day (10,500 m³/h) at the South-West Water Treatment Plant in Moscow, and a water treatment plant with a capacity of 250 m3/h at the Novocherkassk Regional Power Plant. Dozens of such plants are currently in operation. Membranes of various designs, made of different materials and with various instrumentation are used. As a rule, provided proper selection of equipment and its operating conditions, the service life of ultrafiltration membranes is from 4 to 10 years. Herewith, mandatory preliminary pilot tests are required; however, many a man ignore them, taking the view that the process has been tried-and-true and simple enough. Actually, the selection of the optimal membrane elements and operating modes is a difficult task, and errors entail large financial and reputational losses.
Методика моделирования и расчета водопроводных сетей с источниками переменного напора и подачи
Authors: Гудков А.Г. 
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена совершенствованию методики гидравлического расчета наружных водопроводных сетей с источниками, в которых давление и расход воды связаны определенной зависимостью. Предложены изменения в классическую схему расчета с единым фиктивным источником, которые обеспечивают учет нескольких разнотипных источников, подключенных к одному узлу сети. Для этого предлагается введение фиктивного промежуточного узла и участков между каждым источником и сетью, образующих новые контуры. Предложен общий алгоритм гидравлического расчета и приведена методика определения участковых потерь напора на фиктивных участках. Для иллюстрации методики дан пример последовательности расчета двухконтурной сети с двумя насосными станциями и двумя потребителями. Обнаружено, что сходимость метода Ньютона для решения системы нелинейных алгебраических уравнений, моделирующих потокораспределение по двум законам Кирхгофа, может быть улучшена при модификации уравнений контурных давлений. Представлено компьютерное онлайн-приложение для проверки работоспособности и реализации предложенной методики.
The paper dwells upon improving the hydraulic calculation method for water supply networks with sources with the pressure and water flow related by a certain dependence. Changes in the traditional calculation scheme with a common fictitious source are proposed that provide for considering several different types of sources connected to one network node. For this purpose, introducing a fictitious intermediate node and sections between each source and the network that form new contours is proposed. A general algorithm for hydraulic calculation is proposed and a method for determining sectional pressure losses in fictitious sections is given. An example of the calculation sequence for a double circuit network with two pumping stations and two consumers is given to illustrate the method. It is found that the convergence of the Newton method for solving a system of nonlinear algebraic equations simulating flow distribution according to two Kirchhoff's laws can be improved by modifying the equations of contour pressures. An online computer application for testing the operability and implementation of the proposed method is presented.
SKOR AKTIVITAS PREBIOTIK TEPUNG SINGKONG TERHADAP LACTOBACILLUS BULGARICUS, STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS, LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILLUS DIBANDING ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Rahmawati Dwita Mukti , Puspaningtyas Desty Ervira , Sari Puspita Mardika , Styaningrum Silvia Dewi , Sucipto Adi 
Published: January 2025

Latar belakang: Singkong atau ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta crantz) merupakan salah satu makanan sumber karbohidrat. Tingginya kandungan karbohidrat tidak tercerna seperti serat pangan dan pati resisten pada singkong berpotensi sebagai sumber prebiotik. Potensi tepung singkong sebagai sumber prebiotik sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya perlu dilakukan kajian lebih luas terhadap bakteri lainnya untuk semakin membuktikan peranan singkong sebagai sumber prebiotik. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara in vitro skor aktivitas prebiotik tepung singkong terhadap bakteri saluran cerna Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus dan Lactobacillus acidophillus dibandingkan Escherichia coli. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observational laboratory study yang menganalisis potensi prebiotik pada tepung singkong melalui analisis skor aktivitas prebiotik. Substrat yang digunakan adalah tepung singkong, inulin dan glukosa. Isolat bakteri yang digunakan adalah Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophillus dan Escherichia coli. Media untuk inokulasi bakteri adalah MRS Broth dan M9. Media penumbuhan mikrobiologi yang digunakan adalah MRS Agar dan Nutrient Agar Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor aktivitas prebiotik dari yang tertinggi hingga terendah pada tepung singkong terdapat pada bakteri Lactobacillus bulgaricus (0,16), Lactobacillus acidophillus (-0,17) dan Streptococcus thermophilus (-0,26). Pada inulin semua hasil akhir menunjukkan angka positif dimulai dari yang tertinggi hingga terendah yaitu pada bakteri Lactobacillus bulgaricus (0,64), Lactobacillus acidophillus (0,33) dan Streptococcus thermophilus (0,28). Kesimpulan: Tepung singkong memiliki potensi prebiotik terhadap bakteri Lactobacillus bulgaricus, namun tidak memiliki potensi prebiotik terhadap bakteri Streptococcus thermophilus dan Lactobacillus acidophillus.
Hot-wire-type micromachined chemiresistive gas sensors for battery-powered city gas alarms
Authors: Dougami Naganori , Miyata Takeshi , Orita Taishi , Nakatani Tadashi , Kakunaka Rui , Taniguchi Takafumi , Mitsuhashi Hirokazu , Nakao Shoichiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductor (MOX) chemiresistive gas sensors used in gas alarms have contributed to the safe use of city gas and liquid petroleum gas. In this study, we successfully fabricated hot-wire-type MOX sensors using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The hot-wire type structure, in which an electrode plays dual roles in detecting and heating, was adopted for efficient production. Owing to the miniaturization together with the thermal insulation, the sensors exhibited a fast thermal response. The average power consumption of the sensor in the pulsed operation was less than 100 μW. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity of more than 100 mV to 3000 ppm methane and showed low cross-sensitivity to interference gases such as ethanol and hydrogen. These sensing properties were retained for more than five years, demonstrating excellent long-term stability of the sensors.
Effects of Prostaglandin Analogue on the Central Retinal Thickness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Salih Suzan Kahatan M. , Abdulla Marwan Younis , Ali Mohammed Abdulsahib  
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To determine the central macular thickness in patients with type 2 Diabetes using Latanoprost eye drops and to compare with type 2 diabetic patients using Timolol eye drops.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Al-Noaman Teaching Hospital from February 2023 to April 2023.
Methods: One hundred diabetic patients were divided into two equal groups (Timolol group and Latanoprost group). Visual acuity was tested using Snellen chart, IOP was measured with Goldmann Applanation Tonometer, central corneal thickness (CCT) measurement was done to correct IOP for CCT. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure central retinal thickness (CRT).
Results: The mean age of Timolol group was 57.91±1.6 years, which was very close to the mean age of Latanoprost group (57.57±1.63 years). There were 30 females and 20 males in each group. HbA1Cwas 8.99±0.47% in Timolol and 6.28±0.08% in Latanoprost group (p <0.001). The IOP showed statistically lower levels in Timolol group in comparison to Latanoprost group, 28.81±0.93 mmHg in comparison to 29.56±1.04 mmHg, respectively. In Timolol group, visual acuity significantly improved, the IOP was reduced, and the CRT was significantly lowered. However, in Latanoprost group, the pre and post treatment values showed that only the IOP significantly improved. Visual acuity and CRT were statistically and clinically the same.
Conclusion: Latanoprost may increase the central retinal thickness in diabetic patients without diabetic macular edema, however the rationale for stopping the medication in low-risk patients is still lacking.
A Pilot Study on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding the Use of Dietary Supplements as Adjuvant Therapy for Glaucoma
Authors: Prema Chande  , Renu Thakur  , Priyanka Udaybhan Gupta  
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To find out knowledge, attitude, and practice among ophthalmologists regarding nutritional supplements in the management of glaucoma.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Lotus Eye Hospital and the College of Optometry.
Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional pilot study was conducted. All questions in the 4-section questionnaire were mandatory. A Google form was created to share the questionnaire with potential participants. The final questionnaire link was emailed, distributed, and posted on social media to ophthalmologists. Final analysis was done after the data was manually entered into an excel sheet. Chi-square test was used to find out any association of knowledge, attitude, and practice based on years of experience, gender, and place of practice. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Out of 156 ophthalmologists, there were 99 males and 57 females. The average age was 41.88±6.15 years. Only 57.5% had good to fair knowledge, 25% had a positive attitude towards the role of nutritional supplements in glaucoma management, and practice patterns showed that only 30% prescribed supplements. The commonly prescribed supplements were Lutein, Zeaxanthin, flavonoids, and Omega3. A statistically significant 73% of respondents worked in private hospitals and 27% in public hospitals (p=0.005). With standard glaucoma therapies, 58% of respondents with 6-10 years of experience did not prescribe nutritional supplements. Limitations of the study include included a relatively small sample of 156 ophthalmologists, limiting the generalizability of the findings to a broader population. The distribution of the questionnaire via email and social media may have introduced selection bias, as only those with internet access and willingness to participate were included.Reliance on self-reported responses may lead to response bias, as participants might overstate or understate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The study did not assess whether the use of nutritional supplements by the ophthalmologists led to improved patient outcomes, which limits the practical implications of the findings. Addressing these limitations in future studies, such as through larger sample sizes, randomized designs, and longitudinal approaches, could provide more robust and generalizable insights into the role of nutritional supplements in glaucoma management.
Conclusion: The study results indicate that only 1 in 3 ophthalmologists administer supplements as adjuvant therapy for glaucoma. Randomized controlled trials of nutritional supplements as glaucoma adjuvant therapy can improve ophthalmologists' knowledge, attitude, and practice.
Visual Acuity and Refractive Errors in Toddlers
Authors: Rimayanti Ulfah , Hasan Nurfitriyani A.W. , Jamaluddin Sri Rezki Wahdania , Fitrah Muhammad , Syauqad Muhammad 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of visual impairment in children worldwide, especially in this digital era. The purpose of this study was toexamine toddlers' visual acuity (VA) and refractive errors in several playgroups and kindergartens in Makassar and Gowa, Indonesia.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Four Playgroups and Kindergartens in Makassar and Gowa, Indonesia from July 2023 to August 2023.
Methods: The subjects of this study were 245 playgroup and kindergarten students. An ophthalmologist and an experienced optometrist examined visual acuity and refractive errors of the subjects using Kay Picture test linear crowded book and a Retinoscope, respectively. The data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test and the Chi-square test.
Results: Thirty-four children out of 245 (13.87%) had decreased visual acuity. One subject had myopia (2.9%), 21 had simple myopic astigmatism (61.8%), seven had compound myopic astigmatism (20.6%), three had compound hyperopic astigmatism (8.8%), and two subjects had mixed astigmatism (5.9%).Males had higher prevalence of decreased visual acuity as compared to females. There was no significant difference in visual acuity of different age and gender (p=0.437; p=0.312).
Conclusion: The prevalence of reduced visual acuity in children aged two to six years was 13.87%. The most frequently encountered refractive error was simple myopic astigmatism, accounting for 61.8% of cases.
Newly Developed Head-Mounted Ultraviolet-Activated Riboflavin Device for Corneal Cross-Linking Therapy
Authors: Edy Wibowo  , Datu Respatika  , Indra Tri Mahayana  , Suhardjo Pawironanu  , Muhammad Bayu Sasongko  
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of a newly developed head-mounted device (UV-GAMA) with traditional UV-CXL in terms of bacterial and fungal eradication.
Study Design: Pre-clinical experimental study.
Place of Study: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Methods: Bacterial and fungal isolates were cultured and suspensions were created to make a solution of 108/ml. Each test series had a non-illuminated control vessel without bacterial or fungal inoculation as a negative control. Every bacterial and fungal isolate was treated with 30 minutes of UV radiation. The bacterial and fungal suspension was cultured for 24 hours and 96 hours, respectively. The number of CFU was counted for each solution, as well as the corresponding control solution, and the concentration of bacteria was calculated.Two-way ANOVA and the student t-test were used for statistical analysis. The results of each bacterial/fungal count were examined separately. The level of significance was fixed at 5%.
Results: Treatment with riboflavin + UV-GAMA and riboflavin + UV-CXL showed significantly reduced bacterial and fungal colonies compared to the positive control. Thus, riboflavin + UV-GAMA and riboflavin + CXL showed a similar outcome in terms of reducing bacterial colonies.
Conclusion: The newly developed UV-GAMA head-mounted device shows a comparable result to the established CXL device. This finding emphasizes that the newly developed UV-GAMA can be used as an alternative to the existing CXL device.
Trends in Diabetic Retinopathy Severity among Patients at A Tertiary Care Eye Hospital: A Call to Strengthen Preventive Care
Authors: Napitupulu Nadya Beatrix Yohanna , Virgana Rova , Sirait Susanti Natalya , Widihastha Sri Hudaya 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To analyze trends in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its management at a tertiary healthcare center from January 2016 to December 2019.
Study Design: Descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: National Eye Center, Cicendo Eye Hospital, from August to September 2020.
Methods: Data were obtained from the diabetic retinopathy database in the vitreo-retina unit. Information on patients’ sex, age, diagnosis, and treatment from each year was retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria encompassed all first-time DR patients scheduled for pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) laser, anti-VEGF injection, or pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Patients with incomplete data or repeated visits were excluded. Among 63,824 records analyzed, 22,169 met the inclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR), requiring treatment at the first visit, and non-VTDR.
Results: Of the 22,169 patients included, 53.88% were female, and the majority were aged between 50 and 59 years. VTDR accounted for 19.12% of cases, while 80.88% were non-VTDR. Annual trends revealed changes in DR management approaches, with an increasing prevalence of VTDR and PPV emerging as the most frequently performed treatment.
Conclusion: The predominance of non-VTDR cases highlights the urgent need for improved DR management at primary and secondary healthcare levels. Strengthening early detection and intervention protocols is essential to prevent disease progression and alleviate the burden on tertiary care facilities.
COMMUNITY LEGAL AWARENESS IN REGISTRATION OF LAND OWNERSHIP RIGHTS (STUDY AT THE ART/BPN OFFICE PADANGSIMPUAN)
Authors: Oloan Nur , Pohan Sarmadan , Padly Fajar 
Published: January 2025

In this millennial era, having a land certificate is very obligatory to avoid things that cause problems or cases regarding land. But with that, there are still people who do not have land certificates, even though this is very important considering how easy it is to manipulate the certification system, as well as the legal awareness that the community has, especially in Padangmatinggi Village, Padangsidimpuani City. So the problems that will be examined in this research are: What is the level of legal awareness of the community in registering their land? What are the obstacles and support factors faced by the community in registering their land? This research is included in the Empirical research typology. The data were collected in two ways, namely interviews and filling out questionnaires and analyzed qualitatively and using the statutory approach and applicable legal principles which became the benchmark in determining public legal awareness. Data from the field were obtained through discussion and through electronic media that focused on the problem. The results of this study show that the community's legal awareness in registering their land is still lacking, there are still many people who do not understand the procedures and legal rules that apply to registering their land. This is prone to conflict conflict and forgery of certificate deeds. The local government must be more active in accelerating land certification, because if the program has been implemented without prior socialization, most people will not know it.