bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and bioprocessing of camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus, an endophyte of Cestrum parqui, restoring their biosynthetic potency by Citrus limonum peel extracts
Authors: El-Sayed Ashraf S. A. , George Nelly M. , Abou-Elnour Amira , El-Mekkawy Rasha M. , El-Demerdash Marwa M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe metabolic potency of fungi as camptothecin producer elevates their prospective use as an industrial platform for commercial production, however, the loss of camptothecin productivity by fungi with the storage and subculturing are the major obstacle. Thus, screening for endophytic fungal isolates inhabiting ethnopharmacological plants with an obvious metabolic stability and sustainability for camptothecin biosynthesis could be one of the most feasible paradigms. Aspergillus terreus ON908494.1, an endophyte of Cestrum parqui was morphologically and molecularly verified, displaying the most potent camptothecin biosynthetic potency. The chemical identity of A. terreus camptothecin was confirmed from the HPLC, FTIR and LC–MS/MS analyses, gave the same molecular structure and mass fragmentation patterns of authentic one. The purified putative camptothecin displayed a strong anticancer activity towards HepG-2 and MCF-7 with IC50 values 0.96 and 1.4 µM, respectively, with no toxicity to OEC normal cells. As well as, the purified camptothecin displayed a significant antifungal activity towards fungal human pathogen Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and A. parasiticus, ensuring the unique structural activity relationships of A. terreus camptothecin, as a powerful dually active anticancer and antimicrobial agent. The camptothecin productivity of A. terreus was maximized by bioprocessing with Plackett–Burman design, with an overall 1.5 folds increment (170.5 µg/L), comparing to control culture. So, the optimal medium components for maximum yield of camptothecin by A. terreus was acid why (2.0 mL/L), Diaion HP20 (2.0 g/L), Amberlite XAD (2.0 g/L), dextrin (5.0 g/L), glucose (10.0 g/L), salicylic acid (2.0 g/L), serine (4.0 g/L), cysteine (4.0 g/L) and glutamate (10.0 g/L), at pH 6 for 15 days incubation. By the 5th generation of A. terreus, the camptothecin yield was reduced by 60%, comparing to zero culture. Interestingly, the productivity of camptothecin by A. terreus has been completely restored and over increased (210 µg/L), comparing to the 3rd generation A. terreus (90 µg/L) upon addition of methanolic extracts of Citrus limonum peels, revealing the presence of some chemical signals that triggers the camptothecin biosynthetic machinery. The feasibility of complete restoring of camptothecin biosynthetic-machinery of A. terreus for stable and sustainable production of camptothecin, pave the way for using this fungal isolate as new platform for scaling-up the camptothecin production.
Study designs, measures and indexes used in studying the structural racism as a social determinant of health in high income countries from 2000–2022: evidence from a scoping review
Authors: Ahmed Md Koushik , Scretching Desiree , Lane Sandra D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Globally, structural racism has been well documented as an important social determinant of health (SODH) resulting in racial inequality related to health. Although studies on structural racism have increased over the years, the selection of appropriate designs, measures, and indexes of measurement that respond to SODH has not been comprehensively documented. Therefore, the lack of evidence seems to exist. This scoping review was conducted to map and summarize global evidence on the use of various designs, measures, and indexes of measurement when studying structural racism as a social determinant of health.

Methods
We performed a scoping review of global evidence from 2000 to 2022 published in 5 databases: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, Web of Science, ProQuest, and relevant grey literature on structural racism. We conducted a systematic search using keywords and subject headings around 3 concepts. We included peer reviewed original research/review articles which conceived the framework of social determinants of health (SODH) and studied structural racism.

Results
Our review identified 1793 bibliographic citations for screening and 54 articles for final review. Articles reported 19 types of study design, 87 measures of exposure and 58 measures of health outcomes related to structural racism. 73 indexes or scales of measurement were used to assess health impacts of structural racism. Majority of articles were primary research (n = 43/54 articles; 79.6%), used quantitative research method (n = 32/54 articles; 59.3%) and predominantly conducted in the United States (n = 46/54 articles; 85.2.6%). Cross-sectional study design was the most used design (n = 17/54 articles; 31.5%) followed by systematic review (n = 7/54 articles; 13.0%) and narrative review (n = 6/54 articles; 11.1%). Housing and residential segregation was the largest cluster of exposure with the highest impact in infant health outcome.

Conclusions
Our review found several key gaps and research priorities on structural racism such as lack of longitudinal studies and availability of structural or ecological data, lack of consensus on the use of consolidated appropriate measures, indexes of measurement and appropriate study designs that can capture complex interactions of exposure and outcomes related to structural racism holistically.
Male-specific, replicable and functional roles of genetic variants and cerebral gray matter volumes in ADHD: a gene-wide association study across KTN1 and a region-wide functional validation across brain
Authors: Luo Xingguang , Lin Xiandong , Ide Jaime S. , Luo Xinqun , Zhang Yong , Xu Jianying , Wang Leilei , Chen Yu , Cheng Wenhong , Zheng Jianming , Wang Zhiren , Yu Ting , Taximaimaiti Reyisha , Jing Xiaozhong , Wang Xiaoping , Cao Yuping , Tan Yunlong , Li Chiang-Shan R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with reduction of cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes (GMVs). The kinectin 1 gene (KTN1) has recently been reported to significantly regulate GMVs and ADHD risk. In this study, we aimed to identify sex-specific, replicable risk KTN1 alleles for ADHD and to explore their regulatory effects on mRNA expression and cortical and subcortical GMVs. We examined a total of 1020 KTN1 SNPs in one discovery sample (ABCD cohort: 5573 males and 5082 females) and three independent replication European samples (Samples #1 and #2 each with 802/122 and 472/141 male/female offspring with ADHD; and Sample #3 with 14,154/4945 ADHD and 17,948/16,246 healthy males/females) to identify replicable associations within each sex. We examined the regulatory effects of ADHD-risk alleles on the KTN1 mRNA expression in two European brain cohorts (n = 348), total intracranial volume (TIV) in 46 European cohorts (n = 18,713) and the ABCD cohort, as well as the GMVs of seven subcortical structures in 50 European cohorts (n = 38,258) and of 118 cortical and subcortical regions in the ABCD cohort. We found that four KTN1 variants significantly regulated the risk of ADHD with the same direction of effect in males across discovery and replication samples (0.003 ≤ p ≤ 0.041), but none in females. All four ADHD-risk alleles significantly decreased KTN1 mRNA expression in all brain regions examined (1.2 × 10–5 ≤ p ≤ 0.039). The ADHD-risk alleles significantly increased basal ganglia (2.8 × 10–22 ≤ p ≤ 0.040) and hippocampus (p = 0.010) GMVs but reduced amygdala GMV (p = 0.030) and TIV (0.010 < p ≤ 0.013). The ADHD-risk alleles also significantly reduced some cortical (right superior temporal pole, right rectus) and cerebellar but increased other cortical (0.007 ≤ p ≤ 0.050) GMVs. To conclude, we identified a set of replicable and functional risk KTN1 alleles for ADHD, specifically in males. KTN1 may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ADHD, and the reduction of specific cortical and subcortical, including amygdalar but not basal ganglia or hippocampal, GMVs may serve as a neural marker of the genetic effects.
Developmental disorders among Norwegian-born children with immigrant parents
Authors: TM Hansen , S Qureshi , A Gele , LJ Hauge , GP Biele , P Surén , M Kjøllesdal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Risk of being diagnosed with different developmental disorders is found to vary with immigrant background. Knowledge about such differences in Norway are a starting point for equity in health services quality, and for early identification and prevention. Our objective was to assess the risk of receiving diagnoses of developmental disorders among children born in Norway (2006–2017) to two or one immigrant parent compared to children with two Norwegian-born parents.

Methods
Information on developmental disorders was from the Norwegian Patient Register (NPR) and information on immigrant background, parental country of origin, parental education, and household income from Statistics Norway. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) with Cox proportional hazard regressions. With children with Norwegian background as reference category, we estimated HRs for immigration background and region of origin. All analyses were adjusted for sex, year of birth, parental education, and household income.

Results
Children with two immigrant parents had a lower risk of receiving any developmental disorder diagnosis [HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.77, 0.82)] than children with Norwegian background, and lower risk of being diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis [HR 0.24 (95% CI 0.22, 0.27)], learning difficulties diagnosis [HR 0.39 (95% CI 0.33, 0.47)], and behavioral and emotional disorders [HR 0.52 (95% CI 0.49, 0.55)]. Children with immigrant parents had higher hazard than Norwegian background children of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [HR 2.21 (95% CI 2.04, 2.39)], mental retardation [HR 1.84 (95% CI 1.64, 2.07)], language disorders [HR 1.30 (95% CI 1.20, 1.40)], and unspecified developmental disorders [HR 1.22 (95% CI 1.17, 1.28)]. Children with only one immigrant parent had lower risk of diagnoses than children of two immigrants.

Conclusion
Risk of receiving a diagnosis of various developmental disorders varied substantially by immigrant background. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these differences is warranted to ensure equity in health services and timely intervention.
Post-cardiac surgery fungal mediastinitis: clinical features, pathogens and outcome
Authors: Hariri Geoffroy , Genoud Mathieu , Bruckert Vincent , Chosidow Samuel , Guérot Emmanuel , Kimmoun Antoine , Nesseler Nicolas , Besnier Emmanuel , Daviaud Fabrice , Lagier David , Imbault Julien , Grimaldi David , Bouglé Adrien , Mongardon Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The occurrence of mediastinitis after cardiac surgery remains a rare and severe complication associated with poor outcomes. Whereas bacterial mediastinitis have been largely described, little is known about their fungal etiologies. We report incidence, characteristics and outcome of post-cardiac surgery fungal mediastinitis.

Methods
Multicenter retrospective study among 10 intensive care units (ICU) in France and Belgium of proven cases of fungal mediastinitis after cardiac surgery (2009–2019).

Results
Among 73,688 cardiac surgery procedures, 40 patients developed fungal mediastinitis. Five were supported with left ventricular assist device and five with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before initial surgery. Twelve patients received prior heart transplantation. Interval between initial surgery and mediastinitis was 38 [17–61] days. Only half of the patients showed local signs of infection. Septic shock was uncommon at diagnosis (12.5%). Forty-three fungal strains were identified: Candida spp. (34 patients), Trichosporon spp. (5 patients) and Aspergillus spp. (4 patients). Hospital mortality was 58%. Survivors were younger (59 [43–65] vs. 65 [61–73] yo; p = 0.013), had lower body mass index (24 [20–26] vs. 30 [24–32] kg/m2; p = 0.028) and lower Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score at ICU admission (37 [28–40] vs. 54 [34–61]; p = 0.012).

Conclusion
Fungal mediastinitis is a very rare complication after cardiac surgery, associated with a high mortality rate. This entity should be suspected in patients with a smoldering infectious postoperative course, especially those supported with short- or long-term invasive cardiac support devices, or following heart transplantation.
Compartment syndrome following a jellyfish sting: a case report
Authors: Elkafafi Mohamed , Hamed Hussein , Ali Yaser , Elgohary Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
While the majority of reported cases of jellyfish envenomation are self-limited with few lasting complications, a few can cause life-threatening and debilitating illnesses. We present the case of a 15-year-old male who had an unusual presentation of a jellyfish sting that led to acute compartment syndrome.

Case presentation
A 15-year-old Lebanese (Arab) boy was stung by a jellyfish, which led to acute compartment syndrome in the left arm. Decompression fasciotomy and local application of diluted nitroglycerin helped to relieve the ulnar and radial artery spasms. The patient was left with shoulder and elbow pain and elbow flexion weakness, which improved after physiotherapy over a period of 6 weeks.

Conclusions
Current therapy recommendations for acute compartment syndrome following jellyfish stings are mainly based on case reports. Urgent fasciotomy and local application of nitroglycerin have been demonstrated to be helpful in severe jellyfish stings associated with acute compartment syndrome.
Early urate-lowering therapy in gouty arthritis with acute flares: a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial
Authors: Yang Deng-Ho , Chen Hsiang-Cheng , Wei James Cheng-Chung 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Gouty arthritis (GA) is a chronic systemic disease with recurrent acute monoarthritis. In a previous study, a higher incidence of acute flares was observed during the initial marked decrease in serum urate level. Our study evaluated the effect of early urate-lowering therapy in patients with acute GA flares.

Methods
This study included 40 patients with acute GA; of them, 20 received colchicine 0.5 mg colchicine twice daily, while 20 received probenecid 500 mg and colchicine 0.5 mg twice daily. We evaluated GA severity and laboratory data for 2 weeks after the initial therapy. Medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) were calculated to evaluate clinical presentations between these two groups.

Results
Rapidly decreasing median serum uric acid levels was found in the patients treated with probenecid and colchicine compared with the patients treated with colchicine alone on day 8 (− 1.9 [IQR, − 3.7 to 0] vs 0.8 [IQR, − 0.1–2.2]; P < 0.001). However, the median decrease in visual analog scale score did not differ significantly between the two groups (− 5.5 [IQR, − 8.0 to − 3.0] vs − 3.5 [IQR, − 5.9 to − 2.0]; P = 0.080).

Conclusion
No significant increase was noted in acute gout flare severity or duration among GA patients treated with early aggressive control of hyperuricemia using probenecid plus colchicine.
Identification of a source of nephrite from late Shang Yinxu by multispectral imaging
Authors: Chen Dian , Tang Jigen , Yu Ming , Yang Yimin , Wang Changsui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The provenance of nephrite excavated from the capital of the late Shang dynasty is an important concern. Some nephrites with yellow-green color might have the same provenance. In this study, the provenance of three nephrite artifacts with yellow-green hue was determined by nondestructive multispectral imaging. The results show that they are very similar to nephrite from Xiuyan in northeastern China, suggesting that the Shang dynasty had some connection to regional cultures more than a thousand kilometers away. Of particular importance is the fact that the multispectral imaging method opens a new avenue for the study of the ancient jade circulation.
Comparison of clinical‐CT segmentation techniques for measuring subchondral bone cyst volume in glenohumeral osteoarthritis
Authors: Pucchio Aoife M. R. , Knowles Nikolas K. , Miquel Joan , Athwal George S. , Ferreira Louis M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of four common segmentation techniques measuring subchondral bone cyst volume in clinical‐CT scans of glenohumeral OA patients.MethodsTen humeral head osteotomies collected from cystic OA patients, having undergone total shoulder arthroplasty, were scanned within a micro‐CT scanner, and corresponding preoperative clinical‐CT scans were gathered. Cyst volumes were measured manually in micro‐CT and served as a reference standard (n = 13). Respective cyst volumes were measured on the clinical‐CT scans by two independent graders using four segmentation techniques: Qualitative, Edge Detection, Region Growing, and Thresholding. Cyst volume measured in micro‐CT was compared to the different clinical‐CT techniques using linear regression and Bland–Altman analysis. Reproducibility of each technique was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsEach technique outputted lower volumes on average than the reference standard (‐0.24 to ‐3.99 mm3). All linear regression slopes and intercepts were not significantly different than 1 and 0, respectively (p < 0.05). Cyst volumes measured using Qualitative and Edge Detection techniques had the highest overall agreement with reference micro‐CT volumes (mean discrepancy: 0.24, 0.92 mm3). These techniques showed good to excellent reproducibility between graders.ConclusionsQualitative and Edge Detection techniques were found to accurately and reproducibly measure subchondral cyst volume in clinical‐CT. These findings provide evidence that clinical‐CT may accurately gauge glenohumeral cystic presence, which may be useful for disease monitoring and preoperative planning.Level of evidenceRetrospective cohort Level 3 study.
Overturning Roe v. Wade: consequences for midlife women’s health and well-being
Authors: Berg Judith A. , Woods Nancy Fugate 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn July 2022, the United States Supreme Court issued a decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization that overturned Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decision that legalized access to abortion in the United States. The overturning of Roe v. Wade means women’s ability to choose to have an abortion or continue a pregnancy is no longer protected by the constitution of the Unites States (Rohan, Editorial: Overturning Roe v. Wade: What are the implications for perinatal nurses?, 2021). Consequently, each state can now independently decide the legality of abortion. The purpose of this commentary is to discuss potential consequences of the overturning of Roe v. Wade for women’s health, particularly midlife women’s health, in the United States. The consequences discussed include unintended pregnancy, access to the full array of reproductive health services including abortion, impact on the reproductive health of poor women and women of color, and the impact on midlife women in their caregiving roles.
Late cardiac events after allogeneic stem cell transplant: incidence, risk factors, and impact on overall survival
Authors: Auberle Christine , Lenihan Daniel , Gao Feng , Cashen Amanda 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
There is limited data on the impact of cardiac disease on long term outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT). Our study aims to describe the incidence of late cardiac events after alloSCT, identify risk factors for developing a late cardiac event, and illustrate the impact of late cardiac events on overall survival.

Methods
Patients who underwent alloSCT from 2007 to 2017 and survived more than 1 year after transplant (N = 804) were included. Gray’s sub-distribution methods, while accounting for death as a competing risk, were used to calculate the cumulative incidence of late cardiac events. Univariate regression models based on Gray’s sub-distribution were fitted to assess the potential predictive effects of baseline characteristics on the risk of developing any late cardiac events. Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to evaluate the association between late cardiac events and overall survival.

Results
The cumulative incidence of a late cardiac event at 5 years after transplant was 22% (95% CI 19–25%). The most frequent cardiac event was a decline in LVEF to < 45% with a cumulative incidence of 9% (95% CI 7–11%). Patients were at significantly increased hazard of developing a late cardiac event if they had a history of congestive heart failure prior to alloSCT (HR 4.53, 95% CI 2.57–7.97, p-value < 0.001), a decline in LVEF to < 45% (HR 3.95, 95% CI 2.09–7.47, p-value < 0.001) or cerebral vascular accident (HR 3.13, 95% CI 1.38–7.06, p-value 0.004). Transplant characteristics such as primary disease, donor type, use of TBI, myeloablative conditioning regimen or tyrosine kinase inhibitor had no significant association with late cardiac events. Almost all cardiac events demonstrated a significantly increased risk of death. This hazard was the highest in patients who experienced an atrial arrhythmia (HR 10.6, 95% CI 7.7–14.6).

Conclusion
Adverse cardiac events are relatively common late after alloSCT with identifiable risk factors such as medical comorbidities prior to transplant and are associated with a negative impact on overall survival.
Manipulating light transmission and absorption via an achromatic reflectionless metasurface
Authors: Zheng Xiaoying , Lin Jing , Wang Zhuo , Zhou Haoyang , He Qiong , Zhou Lei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFreely switching light transmission and absorption via an achromatic reflectionless screen is highly desired for many photonic applications (e.g., energy-harvesting, cloaking, etc.), but available meta-devices often exhibit reflections out of their narrow working bands. Here, we rigorously demonstrate that an optical metasurface formed by two resonator arrays coupled vertically can be perfectly reflectionless at all frequencies below the first diffraction mode, when the near-field (NF) and far-field (FF) couplings between two constitutional resonators satisfy certain conditions. Tuning intrinsic loss of the system can further modulate the ratio between light transmission and absorption, yet keeping reflection diminished strictly. Designing/fabricating a series of metasurfaces with different inter-resonator configurations, we experimentally illustrate how varying inter-resonator NF and FF couplings can drive the system to transit between different phase regions in a generic phase diagram. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate that a realistic metasurface satisfying the discovered criteria exhibits the desired achromatic reflectionless property within 160–220 THz (0–225 THz in simulation), yet behaving as a perfect absorber at ~ 203 THz. Our findings pave the road to realize meta-devices exhibiting designable transmission/absorption spectra immune from reflections, which may find many applications in practice.