bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meroitic building techniques: some observations from Abu Erteila (Sudan). Сonstruction materials and methods.
Authors: Vetokhov Sergey V. 
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the general tendencies in the architecture of the Meroit period (c. 3rd century BC – 4th century AD) of the Kingdom of Kush (c. 9th century BC – 4th century AD), local building materials and technologies that determined the distinctive appearance of Meroitic architecture.
Construction activity under Natakamani and Amanitore rules covered almost the entire territory of the state. By the 1st century BC the Meroe district had significant resources and became a large centre of monumental architecture, around which cult complexes were built in the neighboring settlements, such as Hamadab, Awlib and Abu Erteila. This construction was achieved not only through stone mining, but also through applying advanced building methods, sophisticated brick-making techniques, and combined materials (mud brick and fired brick, iron and sandstone, wood and plaster), as the second part of the article describes the 1st century AD at Abu Erteila temple complex.
The dimensional and proportional analysis and the description of the building materials and architectural elements used were applied to two small Meroitic temples (main one small ) found at Kom II in Abu Erteila. The analysis of the main temple&apos;s dimensions showed that its construction had taken the form of an Egyptian royal cubit (52.3sm). The preliminary excavations showed the proportions of 8:5, which had been recorded in the plans and facades of many other temples of the Meroitic period. The materials used for the construction of these two temples demonstrated the mixed technique of building used by the Meroites, when mud bricks were used for the main mass of the walls, fired bricks were used for the facing of the walls and the pylon, and moulded bricks of burnt red clay and sandstone were used for the architectural elements.
Three types of foundations can be traced in the temple complex, which varied depending on the time of construction, height of the walls or specific features of the site soil. Methods to control swelling and cracking of the ground along the plastered surfaces with paintings close to the ground level are also documented.
The various passageways in the two temples had thresholds of burnt bricks or dark sandstone, pilasters along the sides, and pillar stones for single or double doors, showing the well-developed construction in many temples of this historical period.
Consequently, many of the surviving sandstone architectural details (columns, cornices, friezes, torus mouldings, water spouts, elements of relief decoration etc.) found inside and near the main temple, based on the unified style of various temples in the region, allowed to make an early general reconstruction of the temple.
Hittite administrative texts from Tapigga / Maşat-Höyük: A brief overview
Authors: Alexandrov Boris 
Published: April 2023

The excavations carried out by the Turkish archaeologists at the site of Maşat Höyük (ancient Tapigga) in 1973–1981 brought to light a Hittite cuneiform archive which consisted of more than 100 tablets. The administrative letters of local officials were the most numerous among the epigraphic finds. Another important part of the corpus was represented by the accounting texts (ca. 20%). This figure contrasts with the data on the Hittite archives in whole according to which ephemeral documents amount only to 3% of the textual record. The studies by G. del Monte, H.A. Hoffner, M. Marazzi and other scholars dedicated to the Maşat texts revealed new facts and allowed a fresh look at the already known aspects of the economic and administrative system of the Hittite kingdom. Thus, they attest to the practice of blinding the prisoners of war and their use as the work force at mills. The captives also served as hostages who were given back for ransom. Local officials of Tapigga organized public works and provided rations for the workers. The latter was done according to the norms set in the Hittite laws. Some of the documents are dedicated to tax collection and inventory of the state assets. Of special interest are the documents dealing with agriculture: they shed light on the farmer techniques, planning of crops and crop yield. The administrative texts from Maşat Höyük are marked with a special terminology. The present article offers a survey of all these issues.
ТЕОРЕТИЧНА ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ ФІЗИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ НА ЗАСАДАХ ДИФЕРЕНЦІЙОВАНОГО ПІДХОДУ
Authors: ВЛАСЮК Роман 
Published: April 2023

Ефективна підготовка майбутнього фахівця з фізичної культури і спорту повинна опиратись на цілісну систему спеціальних знань, які є важливою складовою компетентності вчителя. Саме теоретичні знання, є важливим компонентом цієї підготовки.
Метою нашого дослідження було покращити рівень теоретичної підготовки студентів зі спортивно-педагогічних дисциплін через впровадження у навчальний процес диференційованого навчання.
В ході дослідження нами були поставлені такі завдання: розробити критерії оцінки сформованості пізнавального компоненту та визначити початковий рівень теоретичної підготовки студентів зі спортивно-педагогічних дисциплін. Експериментально перевірити ефективність запропонованої програми навчання.
В ході дослідження, шляхом проведення опитування отримано статистично достовірні дані, які свідчать про низький рівень знань студентів, що вступили на факультет фізичного виховання. Для прикладу результати теоретичного тестування виявили, що на питання, які стосуються історичних аспектів фізичної культури 50% студентів не змогли дати правильної відповіді, схожі результати ми спостерігаємо у питаннях гімнастичної термінології де лише 6% студентів відповідають середньому рівню знань. На нашу думку такий рівень знань свідчить про те, що вчителі фізичної культури в ході вивчення різних модулів шкільної програми мало приділяють увагу формуванню в учнів системи знань.
Розроблена нами програма передбачала використання диференційованого підходу під час вивчення теоретичного матеріалу. Завдання для вивчення і контролю було розділено за рівнями складності, що дало змогу студентам виконувати їх відповідно до своїх можливостей і таким чином рухатись від простіших завдань до складних.
За результатами експерименту відбулось достовірне покращення рівня теоретичної підготовки у двох групах. Більшими зміни були у експериментальній групі. Зважаючи на результати дослідження ми можем констатувати, що використання диференційованого підходу у навчальному процесі сприяє покращенню рівня теоретичної підготовки студентів.
Red beetroot betalains as a novel source of colorent in ice-cream as compared with Red Dye 40 (E129)
Authors: Ali Ruaa Tariq Mohamed , Jameel Qaswaa Yousif 
Published: April 2023

Background: Although there is an increasing need for eco-friendly and non-toxic food colorants, plant-based colors have shown to be a promising alternative to synthetic food colors. The natural pigment (betalain) was extracted from red beetroot utilizing a magnetic stirrer shaking apparatus in the current study. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of betalain (natural pigment) and red dye 40 (synthetic pigment), on the chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of ice cream. Materials and Methods: Betalain and red dye 40 were added into ice cream at variable concentrations of 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, and 200 mg/mL. Specimens were stored for 70 days and evaluated every ten days. Results: The values of titratable acidity, PH, fat, protein, total count of microorganisms, and sensory characteristics were gave higher scores samples than than in ice cream with red dye 40. Nevertheless, betalain doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL have been reported to have a significant 70-day storage activity in ice cream. When compared to mixtures containing 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL of red dye 40 after 70 days. According to the findings, betalain may be utilized as a natural pigment and food preservative to boost stability during storage.Keywords: Red beetroot,Betalain, Functional foods, Red Dye 40 (E129),Antioxidants, synthetic colors, Storage stability
CORPORATE VALUATION ISSUES IN CIVIL LITIGATION IN HUNGARY
Authors:   University of Debrecen, Kiss Tibor 
Published: April 2023

This article presents the Hungarian court practice on the criteria governing the valuation of certain companies and their shares. In civil litigation, Hungarian courts are confronted with this problem in family law disputes, and increasingly often in cases where the issue of determining the value of a company's shareholding arises in disputes between professional economic operators, in particular when a dispute arises between the parties in connection with a share purchase agreement. In addition to procedural issues, serious technical issues arise in lawsuits concerning the determination of the share of a company or the value of a given company. The article describes the Hungarian court practice which has elaborated the criteria for the valuation of companies and describes the company valuation aspects. The article also describes the requirements for the person of the expert, the fact that it is always for the expert and not the court to determine the expert's method, and the evaluation standards and methodological guides that the expert should take into account when carrying out the evaluation. URL: http://sic.pravo.upjs.sk/
Dihydropyrimidinase from Saccharomyces kluyveri can hydrolyse polyamides
Authors: Quartinello Felice , Subagia Raditya , Zitzenbacher Sabine , Reich Johanna , Vielnascher Robert , Becher Erik , Hall Mélanie , Ribitsch Doris , Guebitz Georg M. 
Published: April 2023

In Saccharomyces kluyveri, dihydropyrimidinase (DHPaseSK) is involved in the pyrimidine degradation pathway, which includes the reversible ring cleavage between nitrogen 3 and carbon 4 of 5,6-dihydrouracil. In this study, DPHaseSK was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli BL-21 Gold (DE3) with and without affinity tags. Thereby, the Strep-tag enabled fastest purification and highest specific activity (9.5 ± 0.5 U/mg). The biochemically characterized DHPaseSK_Strep had similar kinetic parameters (Kcat/Km) on 5,6-dihydrouracil (DHU) and para-nitroacetanilide respectively, with 7,229 and 4060 M−1 s−1. The hydrolytic ability of DHPaseSK_Strep to polyamides (PA) was tested on PA consisting of monomers with different chain length (PA-6, PA-6,6, PA-4,6, PA-4,10 and PA-12). According to LC-MS/TOF analysis, DHPaseSK_Strep showed a preference for films containing the shorter chain monomers (e.g., PA-4,6). In contrast, an amidase from Nocardia farcinica (NFpolyA) showed some preference for PA consisting of longer chain monomers. In conclusion, in this work DHPaseSK_Strep was demonstrated to be able to cleave amide bonds in synthetic polymers, which can be an important basis for development of functionalization and recycling processes for polyamide containing materials.
Cyclotron production of 43Sc and 44gSc from enriched 42CaO, 43CaO, and 44CaO targets
Authors: Becker Kaelyn V. , Aluicio-Sarduy Eduardo , Bradshaw Tyler , Hurley Samuel A. , Olson Aeli P. , Barrett Kendall E. , Batterton Jeanine , Ellison Paul A. , Barnhart Todd E. , Pirasteh Ali , Engle Jonathan W. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:43Sc and 44gSc are both positron-emitting radioisotopes of scandium with suitable half-lives and favorable positron energies for clinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Irradiation of isotopically enriched calcium targets has higher cross sections compared to titanium targets and higher radionuclidic purity and cross sections than natural calcium targets for reaction routes possible on small cyclotrons capable of accelerating protons and deuterons.Methods: In this work, we investigate the following production routes via proton and deuteron bombardment on CaCO3 and CaO target materials: 42Ca(d,n)43Sc, 43Ca(p,n)43Sc, 43Ca(d,n)44gSc, 44Ca(p,n)44gSc, and 44Ca(p,2n)43Sc. Radiochemical isolation of the produced radioscandium was performed with extraction chromatography using branched DGA resin and apparent molar activity was measured with the chelator DOTA. The imaging performance of 43Sc and 44gSc was compared with 18F, 68Ga, and 64Cu on two clinical PET/CT scanners.Discussion: The results of this work demonstrate that proton and deuteron bombardment of isotopically enriched CaO targets produce high yield and high radionuclidic purity 43Sc and 44gSc. Laboratory capabilities, circumstances, and budgets are likely to dictate which reaction route and radioisotope of scandium is chosen.
High density lipoprotein-associated proteins in non-obese women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Butler Alexandra E. , Moin Abu Saleh Md , Reiner Željko , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Atkin Stephen L. 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionDyslipidemia frequently occurs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but it is unclear whether dyslipidemia is due to obesity and insulin resistance (IR) or is inherent to PCOS. To address this, proteomic analysis of proteins important in lipid metabolism, particularly for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), was performed in non-obese, non-insulin resistant PCOS women compared to matched controls.MethodsWeight and aged-matched non-obese subjects with PCOS (n=24) and without IR were compared with control women (n=24). 19 proteins were measured by Somalogic proteomic analysis: alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, apolipoproteins A-1, B, D, E, E2, E3, E4, L1, M, clusterin, complement C3, hemopexin, heparin cofactor-II (HCFII), kininogen-1, serum amyloid A-1, amyloid beta A-4 and paraoxonase-1.ResultsWomen with PCOS had a higher free androgen index (FAI) (p&lt;0.001) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) (p&lt;0.001), but IR and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, did not differ from controls (p&gt;0.05). The triglyceride:HDL-cholesterol ratio was elevated (p=0.03) in PCOS. Alpha-1-antitrypsin levels were lower (p&lt;0.05) and complement C3 levels were higher (p=0.001) in PCOS. C3 correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r=0.59, p=0.001), IR (r=0.63, p=0.0005) and CRP (r=0.42, p=0.04) in women with PCOS, though no correlations of these parameters with alpha-1-antitrypsin were found. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and levels of the other 17 lipoprotein metabolism-associated proteins did not differ between the two groups (p&gt;0.05). However, in PCOS, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin correlated negatively with BMI (r=-0.40, p&lt;0.04) and HOMA-IR (r=-0.42, p&lt;0.03), apoM correlated positively with CRP (r=0.36, p&lt;0.04) and HCFII correlated negatively with BMI (r=-0.34, p&lt;0.04).ConclusionIn PCOS subjects, when obesity, IR and inflammation confounders were absent, alpha-1-antitrypsin was lower and complement C3 was higher than in non-PCOS women, suggesting increased cardiovascular risk; however, subsequent obesity related IR/inflammation likely stimulates other HDL-associated protein abnormalities, thus increasing cardiovascular risk further.
Design of triple cogeneration system for hydrogen fuel cell in greenhouse based on resource analysis
Authors: Yang Jinlong , Li Rui , Lee Chul-Hee 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Hydrogen energy has a massive advantage in the energy supply mode regarding greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, the energy supply system needs to be redesigned to meet the heating/cooling needs and the goals of using hydrogen energy.Methods: The comprehensive utilization efficiency of system energy can be improved using resource analysis to solve the problem of waste heat and formulate a technical plan for triple cogeneration of hydrogen greenhouse.Results: By calculation, the energy efficiency of the coal boiler heating system, the hydrogen energy heating system and the hydrogen greenhouse triple heating system are 65%, 52.93%, and 73.36%, respectively. Compared to the coal boiler heating system and the hydrogen energy heating system, the advantages of the hydrogen greenhouse triple cogeneration system are that the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the system energy has been improved, and no CO2 is generated when it works, which does not cause pressure on environmental protection. At the same time, the exergy efficiency of the hydrogen greenhouse triple cogeneration system is higher. Currently, due to the high price of hydrogen and fuel cells, the economic advantages are not outstanding. Still, coal energy is expected to be replaced in the future with the continuous decline in the cost of hydrogen and fuel cells. According to the current coal price, when the hydrogen price decreases to below $1.3/kg, coal will lose its price advantage in terms of fuel. At the same time, hydrogen has a high energy density, small volume, and low transportation cost. According to IRENA and Hydrogen Council, the cost of producing hydrogen from renewable energy will drop to $1/kg by 2050. The system will significantly reduce the operating costs of greenhouses in the future.Discussion: As a result, the hydrogen greenhouse triple cogeneration system is suitable for producing greenhouse agriculture and the heating method of fossil fuel combustion that will replace coal in the future.
A novel prognostic signatures based on metastasis- and immune-related gene pairs for colorectal cancer
Authors: Pan Bei , Yue Yanzhe , Ding Wenbo , Sun Li , Xu Mu , Wang Shukui 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundMetastasis remains the leading cause of mortality in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). The pivotal contribution of the immune microenvironment in the initiation and progression of CRC metastasis has gained significant attention.MethodsA total of 453 CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were included as the training set, and GSE39582, GSE17536, GSE29621, GSE71187 were included as the validation set. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to assess the immune infiltration of patients. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to construct and validate risk models based on R package. CTSW and FABP4-knockout CRC cells were constructed via CRISPR-Cas9 system. Western-blot and Transwell assay were utilized to explore the role of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) / cathepsin W (CTSW) in CRC metastasis and immunity.ResultsBased on the normal/tumor, high-/low-immune cell infiltration, and metastatic/non-metastatic group, we identified 161 differentially expressed genes. After random assignment and LASSO regression analysis, a prognostic model containing 3 metastasis- and immune-related gene pairs was constructed and represented good prognostic prediction efficiency in the training set and 4 independent CRC cohorts. According to this model, we clustered patients and found that the high-risk group was associated with stage, T and M stage. In addition, the high-risk group also shown higher immune infiltration and high sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Further, FABP4 and CTSW derived from the constitutive model were identified to be involved in metastasis and immunity of CRC.ConclusionIn conclusion, a validated prognosis predictive model for CRC was constructed. CTSW and FABP4 are potential targets for CRC treatment.
Prognostic significance and postoperative chemoradiotherapy guiding value of mean platelet volume for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Zhang Wei , Jia Hongyuan , Chen Xue , Diao Wei , Leng Xuefeng , Cao Bangrong , Wang Yi , Cheng Zhuzhong , Wang Qifeng 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the predicting prognosis and guiding postoperative chemoradiotherapy (POCRT) value of preoperative mean platelet volume (MPV) in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC).MethodsWe proposed a blood biomarker, MPV, for predicting disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in LA-ESCC patients who underwent surgery (S) alone or S+POCRT. The median cut-off value of MPV was 11.4 fl. We further evaluated whether MPV could guide POCRT in the study and external validation groups. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, Kaplan–Meier curves, and log-rank tests to ensure the robustness of our findings.ResultsIn the developed group, a total of 879 patients were included. MVP was associated with OS and DFS defined by clinicopathological variables and remained an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). For patients with high MVP, 5-year OS and 0DFS were significantly improved compared to those with low MPV (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.0018, respectively). Subgroup analysis revealed that POCRT was associated with improved 5-year OS and DFS compared with S alone in the low-MVP group (P &lt; 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively). External validation group analysis (n = 118) showed that POCRT significantly increased 5-year OS and DFS (P = 0.0035 and P = 0.0062, respectively) in patients with low MPV. For patients with high MPV, POCRT group showed similar survival rates compared with S alone in the developed and validation groups.ConclusionsMPV as a novel biomarker may serve as an independent prognosis factor and contribute to identifying patients most likely to benefit from POCRT for LA-ESCC.
Using preoperative control nutritional status scores as prognostic factors for endometrial cancer
Authors: Yuan Jing , Wang Qing , Cheng Jiumei , Wang JinJuan , Zhang Ying 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPrevious investigations have reported that controlling nutritional (CONUT) status scores, incorporating total cholesterol (TC) and serum albumin (SA) values, and total lymphocyte (LY) counts, are reliable malignant tumor predictors. However, CONUT scores for predicting endometrial cancer (EC) remain unexplored.ObjectiveTo evaluate preoperative CONUT scores as prognostic factors for postoperative EC.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated preoperative CONUT scores in 785 surgically resected EC patients at our hospital between June 2012 and May 2016. Using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, patients were split into: 1) CONUT-high (CH) (≥1) and 2) CONUT-low (CL) (&lt;1) groups. Relationships between CONUT scores and different clinicopathological, pathological differentiation, muscle layer infiltration depth, and prognosis factors were examined, and Cox regression analyses performed to assess prognostic values on overall survival (OS) rates.ResultsWe assigned 404 (51.5%) and 381 (58.5%) patients to CH and CL groups, respectively. In the CH group, body mass index (BMI), prognostic nutrition index (PNI), and LY/monocyte ratios (LMR) were decreased, however, neutrophil/LY (NLR) and platelet/LY ratios (PLR) were increased. Pathological differentiation analyses showed that G1 proportions were higher in the CL group, while G2 and G3 proportions were more prevalent in the CH group. Muscle layer infiltration depth in CL patients was &lt; 50%, while that it was ≥50% in the CH group. No significant differences in OS rates were recorded between CH and CL groups over 60 months. However long-term survival (LTS) rates after 60 months in the CH group were significantly lower when compared with the CL group, and was more obvious in type II EC patients. Also, periuterine infiltration and preoperative CONUT scores were independent prognostic factors for OS rates as indicated by multi-factor analyses.ConclusionCONUT scores not only facilitated the estimation of nutritional status, but were highly beneficial for predicting OS rates in patients with EC after curative resection. CONUT scores provided high predictive values for LTS rates over 60 months in these patients.