bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of bilingualism in neurodegenerative disease I
Authors: Shahid Minahil , Tan Yu Bin , Schweizer Tom A. , Fischer Corinne E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recent research shows bilingualism to be a
reserve factor, delaying the onset of symptoms of dementia and
slowing the rate at which cognitive decline progresses. This chapter
explores how bilingualism may affect the progression of Alzheimer’s
disease and why bilingual individuals are more resilient to the
effects of Alzheimer’s pathology. The chapter starts with an
overview of bilingualism, then leads into how bilingualism acts as a
possible mechanism of cognitive reserve. We consider bilingual
experience to be a factor of cognitive reserve from three
perspectives: pathological symptoms, neuroimaging, and biomarkers.
Collectively, bilingualism appears to be beneficial for delaying
symptoms, slowing progression, and maintaining cognitive functioning
in the face of Alzheimer’s disease. The chapter ends with
conclusions based on the research to-date and outlines possible
implications for future research.
Impacts of symmetry energy slope on the oscillation frequencies of neutron stars with short-range correlation and admixed dark matter
Authors: Hong Bin , Ren ZhongZhou , Wu Chen , Mu XueLing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Oscillation modes of compact stars, in general, can serve as a fingerprint in determining the equation of state (EOS) of dense matter. In this study, we examine the impact of symmetry energy slope (L) on the oscillation frequencies of neutron stars (NSs) with nucleon–nucleon short range correlation (SRC) and admixed dark matter (DM) for the first time within the relativistic mean-field theory. By adjusting the L, we revise the EOS and coupling parameters in light of the SRC and DM effects, and construct the new sets. The results reveal that NSs containing SRC and DM inside are more likely to satisfy the observational constraints, and we find that smaller L exhibits larger fundamental non-radial and radial frequencies, and that the effect on large separation is also mainly concentrated in the low-mass region. Moreover, we update the linear relationship between the non-radial frequency and mean density, and we further give empirical relations between non-radial and radial frequencies and tidal deformability at different L for 1.4

M

⊙

and 2

M

⊙

. These findings will enable us to more effectively confine the NS EOSs, in turn, also provide a strategy to place constraints on the L.
Shear behavior of SiCf/SiC interface under the thermo-chemo-mechanical influence and machine-learning-based interfacial microstructure design
Authors: Chen Shaohua , Xu Nuo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The mechanical behavior of composite interface can be influenced by multiple factors, including the morphological roughness, the structure of coating interphase, and the temperature. Here, high-throughput molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to investigate the entangled effects of these factors on the shear stiffness

G

, the friction coefficient

μ

, the debonding strain

ϵ
d

and stress

τ
d

, of SiCf/SiC interface. We find that

G

is maximized by small roughness and high temperature for the optimal chemical bonding effect;

μ

and

ϵ
d

are maximized by large roughness and low temperature, taking advantage of the mechanical interlocking effect while avoiding cusp softening;

τ
d

demonstrates two local maxima which result from the competition between chemical bonding and mechanical interlocking. Provided the MD simulation results, a variational autoencoder (VAE) model is proposed to design the microstructure of SiCf/SiC interface for desired shear properties. According to the validations, the VAE-predicted interfacial configuration demonstrates highly similar shear properties to the reference one, justifying its potential for the microstructure design of composite interface. The results of this work can be employed to facilitate the development of SiCf/SiC composite by taking advantage of the synergistic effects of multiple designable factors.
Tailoring cavity coupled plasmonic substrates for SERS applications
Authors: L M Jagathpriya , Pillanagrovi Jayakumar , Dutta-Gupta Shourya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been effectively used in biosensing applications due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Enhancing the coupling of light into plasmonic nanostructures can lead to engineered SERS substrates with improved sensitivity and performance. In the current study, we demonstrate a cavity-coupled structure that assists in enhancing the light–matter interaction leading to an improved SERS performance. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the cavity-coupled structures can either enhance or suppress the SERS signal depending on the cavity length and the wavelength of interest. Furthermore, the proposed substrates are fabricated using low-cost large-area techniques. The cavity-coupled plasmonic substrate consists of a layer of gold nanospheres on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-Au-glass substrate. The fabricated substrates exhibit nearly a 9 times improvement in SERS enhancement as compared to the uncoupled substrate. The demonstrated cavity-coupling approach can also be used for enhancing other plasmonic phenomena like plasmonic trapping, plasmon-enhanced catalysis, and nonlinear signal generation.
Influence of different factors on registration error in a 1.5 T MR-guided linac
Authors: Yin Peijun , Yu Gang , Hou Chuanke , Liu Xuechun , Sun Mengdi , Li Kuo , Cui Zhen , Liu Pei , Shi Xihua , Zhang Qiang , Chen Yukai , Pi Bingjie , Yin Yong , Li Zhenjiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose. Accurate image registration is an important step in online image-guided adaptive radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different factors on registration accuracy in a magnetic resonance (MR)-guided adaptive radiotherapy workflow. Materials and Methods. A thorax motion phantom was used to obtain computed tomography (CT) simulations in 8 different motion modes and to generate 8 reference plans. Daily pretreatment online MR images were obtained at 5 different positions in each reference plan. Online MR and CT simulations were separately registered using bone structures and the gross tumor volume (GTV) as ROIs, and the image shift distance was recorded by the online treatment planning system. The difference between the shift distance and the real isocentric distance was the registration error. The registration error was analyzed, and the effects of the setup position, motion mode and ROI selection on the registration error were investigated by multivariate analysis of variance. Result. The minimum values of registration error (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ) were −1.90 mm, −2.70 mm and −2.40 mm, respectively, and the maximum values were 1.70 mm, 4.30 mm and −0.90 mm. ΔY showed the maximum mean standard deviation of 1.25 mm, and ΔZ showed the minimum mean standard deviation of 0.27 mm. The standard deviation of the registration error is largest in the inferior/superior direction. The motion mode of the phantom and ROI selection were significantly correlated with ΔX, ΔY, and ΔZ (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The registration result with the spine as the selected ROI was better than that with the GTV as the ROI. In 1.5 T MR-linac clinical treatment, more attention should be given to patient movement repeatability and to controlling the intrafractional motion as much as possible. It is not recommended to make the GTV-PTV margin expansion less than 2 mm for MR-linac.
Electrical impedance myography method of measuring anisotropic tongue tissue
Authors: Luo Xuesong , Shi Jian , Llobet Arnau Marín , Rutkove Seward B , Sanchez Benjamin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. To date, measurement of the conductivity and relative permittivity properties of anisotropic biological tissues using electrical impedance myography (EIM) has only been possible through an invasive ex vivo biopsy procedure. Here, we present a novel forward and inverse theoretical modeling framework to estimate these properties combining surface and needle EIM measurements. Methods. The framework here presented models the electrical potential distribution within a monodomain, homogeneous, and three-dimensional anisotropic tissue. Finite-element method (FEM) simulations and tongue experimental results verify the validity of our method to reverse-engineer three-dimensional conductivity and relative permittivity properties from EIM measurements. Results. FEM-based simulations confirm the validity of our analytical framework, with relative errors between analytical predictions and simulations smaller than 0.12% and 2.6% in a cuboid and tongue model, respectively. Experimental results confirm qualitative differences in the conductivity and the relative permittivity properties in the x, y, and z directions. Conclusion. Our methodology enables EIM technology to reverse-engineer the anisotropic tongue tissue conductivity and relative permittivity properties, thus unfolding full forward and inverse EIM predictability capabilities. Significance. This new method of evaluating anisotropic tongue tissue will lead to a deeper understanding of the role of biology necessary for the development of new EIM tools and approaches for tongue health measurement and monitoring.
Complexity-free Vaidya-Tikekar model describing self-bound compact objects by gravitational decoupling
Authors: Al Busaidi Aalia , Al Hosni Jawaher , Maurya S K , Al Zarii Alyaa , Al-Kasbi Tasnim , Al Omairi Maryam , Al Zakwani Bushra , Jasim M K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this article, using gravitational decoupling under vanishing complexity condition, an anisotropic solution to spherically symmetric compact stars has been investigated. After obtaining the solution, a detailed physical analysis including thermodynamic parameters, mass-radius ratio, and stability analysis of the model corresponding to the secondary component of the GW190814 event has been done. To test the effect of gravitational decoupling on the mass-radius ratio, we fixed the mass of the secondary component of the GW190814 event corresponding to the pure general relativity scenario. Alongside this, we also predicted the radii and mass-radius ratio of 11 different compact stars using observational data of their masses for different values of β. Furthermore, the hydrostatic balance has been analyzed using the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation. The physical analysis shows that our results are in good agreement as far as observational data is concerned.
Unusual phase transition in 1D localization and its observability in optics
Authors: Bozhevolnyi S I , Suslov I M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Localization of electrons in 1D disordered systems is usually described in the random phase approximation, when distributions of phases φ and θ, entering the transfer matrix, are considered as uniform. In the general case, the random phase approximation is violated, and the evolution equations are written in terms of the Landauer resistance ρ and the combined phases ψ = θ − φ and χ = θ + φ. The distribution of the phase ψ is found to exhibit an unusual phase transition at the point



0

when changing the electron energy



, which manifests itself in the appearance of the imaginary part of ψ. The distribution of resistance P(ρ) has no singularity at the point



0

, and the transition seems unobservable in the framework of condensed matter physics. However, the theory of 1D localization is immediately applicable to the scattering of waves propagating in a single-mode optical waveguide. Modern optical methods open a way to measure phases ψ and χ. As a result, the indicated phase transition becomes observable.
Establishing the Quality Assurance programme for the strip sensor production of the ATLAS tracker upgrade including irradiation with neutrons, photons and protons to HL-LHC fluences
Authors: Kopsalis I. , Allport P. , Bach E. , Bhardwaj A. , Chisholm A. , Cindro V. , Fadeyev V. , Federicova P. , Fernandez-Tejero J. , Fleta C. , Freeman P. , George W. , Glover J. , Gonella L. , Hara K. , Hirose S. , Hunter A. , Ishii T. , Knight T. , Kroll J. , Kvasnicka J. , Lacasta C. , Latonova V. , Lomas J. , Mandić I. , Mikestikova M. , Nakamura K. , Orr R.S. , Pyatt S. , Sato K. , Solaz C. , Soldevila U. , Thomas J. , Ullan M. , Unno Y. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The successful pre-production delivery of strip sensors for the new Inner Tracker (ITk)
for the upgraded ATLAS detector at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) at CERN was completed and
based on their performance full production has commenced. The overall delivery period is
anticipated to last 4 years to complete the approximately 22000 sensors required for the ITk. For
Quality Assurance (QA), a number of test structures designed by the collaboration, along with a
large area diode and miniature version of the main sensor, are produced in every wafer by the
foundry Hamamatsu Photonics K.K (HPK). As well as Quality Control (QC) checks on every main
sensor, samples of the QA pieces from each delivery batch are tested both before and after
irradiation with results after exposure to neutrons, gammas or protons to fluences and doses
corresponding to those anticipated after operation at the HL-LHC to roughly 1.5 times the ultimate
integrated luminosity of 4000 fb-1. In this paper the procedures are presented and the
studies carried out to establish that the seven ITk QA Strip Sensor irradiation and test sites
meet all the requirements to support this very extensive programme throughout the strip sensor
production phase for the ITk project.
First results on FHM — a Floating Hole Multiplier
Authors: Chepel V. , Martinez-Lema G. , Roy A. , Breskin A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A proof of principle of a novel concept for event recording in dual-phase liquid xenon
detectors — the Floating Hole Multiplier (FHM) — is presented. It is shown that a standard
Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier (THGEM), freely floating on the liquid xenon surface permits
extraction of electrons from the liquid to the gas. Secondary scintillation induced by the
extracted electrons in the THGEM holes as well as in the uniform field above it was observed. The
first results with the FHM indicate that the concept of floating electrodes may offer new
prospects for large-scale dual-phase detectors, for dark matter searches in particular.
Measurement of the radiation hazards and distribution of natural radioactive elements in the Graduate University of Advanced Technology
Authors: Baba Mohammadi S. , Heydarizade Y. , Rezaie M.R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The radiation hazards in each region depend on its surface distribution and activity of 232Th, 137Cs, 40K, and 238U radioactive elements. Due to the presence of personnel, professors, and students in the Graduate University of Advanced Technology (KGUT) environment, it is important to investigate the dose received due to 232Th, 137Cs, 40K, and 238U elements in the soil of this area. For this purpose, first, 44 soil samples were collected from different areas of the university, and the specific activity of 232Th, 137Cs, 40K, and 238U elements was obtained with the CsI (Tl) scintillation detector. Then, using radiation hazard equations, the distribution of radiation hazard parameters at the university zone has been calculated. The research results show that the average specific activity of 232Th, 137Cs, 40K, and 238U elements at the university zone is equal to 13.51, 4.53, 47.64, and 13.01 Bq/kg. The activities of 232Th, 40K, and 238U elements are below the permissible limit and 137Cs is higher than the permissible limit. Also, the average of Raeq, DY, Dout, Din, Dtot, Hex, Hin, Iγ, and ELCR radiation hazard quantities are 81.26 (Bq/kg), 72.31 (mGy/y), 0.088 (mGy/y), 0.088 (mGy/y), 0.17 (mGy/y), 0.11, 0.15, 0.18 and 0.62 respectively. According to the results the DY and Dout radiation hazards are more than the permissible limit and the rest of the radiation hazard parameters are less than the permissible limit. Results have shown that the Annual Effective Dose outside (soil) and inside (soil and granite) of the KGUT office building was (22 ± 0.22) μSv/y, (0.13 ± 0.0013) mSv/y. Finally, the distribution of natural radioactive elements and radiation hazards in different parts of the university shows that except for DY and Dout, all radiation hazard parameters in the administrative buildings and dormitories of the university are less than the permissible limit. Therefore, the annual presence of staff, students, and professors in the university are allowed.
Pointed vortex loops in ideal 2D fluids
Authors: Ciuclea Ioana , Vizman Cornelia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study a special kind of singular vorticities in ideal 2D fluids that combine features of point vortices and vortex sheets, namely pointed vortex loops. We focus on the coadjoint orbits of the area-preserving diffeomorphism group ofR2determined by them. We show that a polarization subgroup consists of diffeomorphisms that preserve the loop as a set, thus the configuration space is the space of loops that enclose a fixed area, without information on vorticity distribution and attached points.
Plant extracted natural fluorescent protein C-phycocyanin doped in PVA nanofibers for advanced apparel application
Authors: Ghaffar Abdul , Mehdi Mujahid , Hussain Sadam , Pirzado Azhar Ali Ayaz , Shah Sabab Ali , Alataway Abed , Dewidar Ahmed Z , Elansary Hosam O 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNatural dyes are gaining a great deal of attention due to their eco-friendly and sustainable properties for advanced apparel applications. However, the reproducibility and accessibility of various colors using natural dyes remain challenging. In this study, plant-extracted fluorescent protein C-phycocyanin (CP) is used as a natural dye source and doped in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers via electrospinning for advanced apparel applications. The prepared nanofibers show a smooth and bead-free surface morphology. The FTIR results confirmed the formation of PVA nanofibers followed by a major peak at 3304 cm−1due to the stretching of hydroxyl groups. Subsequently, CP-doping in PVA nanofibers is observed by the N–H deformation peaks at 1541 cm−1; C–N stretching vibrations at 1250 cm−1and 1092 cm−1; and the C=O stretching vibrations of the carboxyl group at 1722 cm−1, respectively. Thus, CP-doped PVA nanofibers exhibit a good color strength (K/S) of 0.2 having a blue color tune and good color fastness properties. The mechanical strength of PVA nanofibers increased from 6 MPa to 18 MPa, due to crystalline characteristics endowed by the dope dyeing technique. Further, CP-doped PVA nanofibers exhibit homogeneous bright red fluorescence in individual nanofibers. Therefore, the proposed CP-doped PVA nanofibers can be used for flexible advanced apparel and biosensor applications.
Sodium concentration imaging in dermis layer by square-wave open electrical impedance tomography (SW-oEIT) with spatial voltage thresholding (SVT)
Authors: Rifai Isnan Nur , Baidillah Marlin Ramadhan , Wicaksono Ridwan , Akita Shinsuke , Takei Masahiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, sodium concentration in the dermis layer is imaged by the square wave open electrical impedance tomography (SW-oEIT) with spatial voltage thresholding (SVT). The SW-oEIT with SVT consists of three steps which are (1) voltage measurement, (2) spatial voltage thresholding, and (3) sodium concentration imaging. In the 1st step, the root mean square voltage

v

̃

is calculated based on the measured voltage

v

under the square wave current

I

through the planar electrodes on the skin domain Ω. In the 2nd step, the m-th measured voltage

v

is converted to a compensated voltage v
* based on the voltage electrodes distance

d

v

and threshold distance

d

Γ

in order to highlight the region of interest of the dermis layer

Ω

d

.

In the 3rd step, sodium concentration is imaged by the Gauss-Newton reconstruction method. The SW-oEIT with SVT was applied to multi-layer skin simulation and ex-vivo experiments under various dermis sodium concentrations c in the range of 5–50 mM. As an image evaluation result, the spatial mean conductivity distribution

σ

*

in

Ω

d

is successfully determined as increasing c on both simulations and experiments. The relationship between

〈

σ

*

〉

and c was evaluated by the determination coefficient R
2 and the normalized sensitivity

〈

S

〉
.

The optimized

d

Γ

with the highest evaluation values of

R

2

=

0.84 and

〈

S

〉

=

0.83 is under the condition of

d

Γ

= 2 mm. Based on the signal evaluation, the SW-oEIT with SVT has a 15.32% higher correlation coefficient CC compared to the conventional oEIT based on sinewave injection.
Dissipative stabilization of entangled qubit pairs in quantum arrays with a single localized dissipative channel
Authors: Angeletti Jacopo , Zippilli Stefano , Vitali David 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the dissipative stabilization of entangled states in arrays of quantum systems. Specifically, we are interested in the states of qubits (spin-

1

/

2

) which may or may not interact with one or more cavities (bosonic modes). In all cases only one element, either a cavity or a qubit, is lossy and irreversibly coupled to a reservoir. When the lossy element is a cavity, we consider a squeezed reservoir and only interactions which conserve the number of cavity excitations. Instead, when the lossy element is a qubit, pure decay and a properly selected structure of XY-interactions are taken into account. We show that in all cases, in the steady state, many pairs of distant, non-directly interacting qubits, which cover the whole array, can get entangled in a stationary way, by means of the interplay of dissipation and local interactions.
Contribution of anthropogenic and hydroclimatic factors on the variation of surface water extent across the contiguous United States
Authors: Palazzoli Irene , Montanari Alberto , Ceola Serena 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Human pressure and climate variability are significantly threatening freshwater resources, with cascading effects on societies and ecosystems. In this context, it is crucial to understand the anthropogenic and climatic impacts on surface water dynamics. Here, we examine the interaction between the variation of surface water extent and the change in five potential concurrent drivers across river basins of the contiguous United States (CONUS) during the period 1984–2020. In particular, built-up area, population, and irrigated land are regarded as the anthropogenic drivers, while hydroclimatic drivers are represented by precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET). We perform statistical analyses in order to quantify the change in the considered variables and then identify significantly different spatial patterns and possible interrelations. Results show that almost 79% (169 out of 204 river basins) of the CONUS experienced an expansion of surface water extent mainly in the continental and temperate climatic regions (mean expansion 158.33 km2). Increasing precipitation is found to be the most widespread driver of the gain in surface water extent, affecting nearly 70% of river basins. The remaining 35 river basins of the CONUS, mostly located in the arid southwestern region of the country, faced a reduction in surface water extent (mean reduction −146.73 km2). The expansion of built-up areas and increasing PET resulted to contribute to the loss of surface water in all the river basins, followed by population growth (in ∼75% of the river basins), decreasing precipitation (in ∼60% of the river basins, all situated in southwestern US), and irrigated land expansion (in ∼55% of the river basins). Our findings shed light on the potential impacts of the variability of anthropogenic and hydroclimatic factors on hydrology and surface water resources, which could support predictive adaptation strategies that ensure water conservation.