bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Ultra‐Durable and Flexible NiPx‐Based Electrode toward High‐Efficient Alkaline Seawater Splitting at Industrial Grade Current Density
Authors: Fu Chengyu , Hao Weiju , Fan Jinli , Zhang Qiang , Guo Yanhui , Fan Jinchen , Chen Ziliang , Li Guisheng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDesigning nonprecious metal‐based electrocatalysts to yield sustainable hydrogen energy by large‐scale seawater electrolysis is challenging to global emissions of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Herein, a series of highly efficient, economical, and robust Ni–P‐based nanoballs grown on the flexible and anti‐corrosive hydrophobic asbestos (NiPx@HA) is synthesized by electroless plating at 25 °C toward alkaline simulated seawater splitting. On the basis of the strong chemical attachment between 2D layered substrate and nickel‐rich components, robust hexagonal Ni5P4 crystalline modification, and fast electron transfer capability, the overpotentials during hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) are 208 and 392 mV at 200 mA cm−2, and the chronopotentiometric measurement at 500 mA cm−2 lasts for over 40 days. Additionally, the versatile strategy is broadly profitable for industrial applications and enables multi‐elemental doping (iron/cobalt/molybdenum/boron/tungsten), flexible substrate employment (nickel foam/filter paper/hydrophilic cloth), and scalable synthesis (22 cm × 22 cm). Density functional theory (DFT) also reveals that the optimized performance is due to the fundamental effect of incorporating O‐source into Ni5P4. Therefore, this work exhibits a complementary strategy in the construction of NiPx‐based electrodes and offers bright opportunities to produce scalable hydrogen effectively and stably in alkaline corrosive electrolytes.
Dual‐Silica Template‐Mediated Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanotubes for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Zhang Qian , Deng Chao , Huang Zaimei , Zhang Qingcheng , Chai Xiaocheng , Yi Deliang , Fang Yuanyuan , Wu Minying , Wang Xingdong , Tang Yi , Wang Yajun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract1D carbon nanotubes have been widely applied in many fields, such as catalysis, sensing and energy storage. However, the long tunnel‐like pores and relatively low specific surface area of carbon nanotubes often restrict their performance in certain applications. Herein, a dual‐silica template‐mediated method to prepare nitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbon nanotubes (NMCTs) through co‐depositing polydopamine (both carbon and nitrogen precursors) and silica nanoparticles (the porogen for mesopore formation) on a silica nanowire template is proposed. The obtained NMCTs have a hierarchical pore structure of large open mesopores and tubular macropores, a high specific surface area (1037 m2 g−1), and homogeneous nitrogen doping. The NMCT‐45 (prepared at an interval time of 45 min) shows excellent performance in supercapacitor applications with a high capacitance (373.6 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1), excellent rate capability, high energy density (11.6 W h kg−1 at a power density of 313 W kg−1), and outstanding cycling stability (98.2% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1). Owing to the unique tubular morphology, hierarchical porosity and homogeneous N‐doping, the NMCT also has tremendous potential in electrochemical catalysis and sensing applications.
Sámi Teacher Education or Teacher Education for Sámi Students? Central Cornerstones in Sámi Teacher Education
Authors: Nutti Ylva Jannok 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSámi teacher education programs are core programs at the Sámi University of Applied Sciences, and have been since the establishment of the institution. Sámi teacher education programmes involve flexible teaching methods including online teaching, teaching at gatherings and through practicum periods at early childhood centres and primary schools. The aim of this chapter is to discuss Sámi teacher education as Indigenous higher education, in order to explore the cornerstones of Sámi teacher education. The method used in the present study combines content analyses and a narrative approach. Content analysis is a research tool used to analyse the official documents for teacher education programmes and programme syllabi at Sámi University of Applied Sciences. The narrative approach was selected in order to use personal experiences from Sámi teacher education. As an analytical tool the model of Madden’s (2015) pedagogical pathways in Indigenous teacher education were used. The pathways are learning from traditional Indigenous modes of teaching, pedagogy for decolonizing, Indigenous and antiracist education, and Indigenous and placed-based education. Traditions, traditional knowledge and traditional models of teaching, together with language, are central in Sámi teacher education. Sámi teacher education could also be viewed in connection to placed-based education. Decolonizing is part of the educators’ work to transform and implement traditional knowledge and culture-based teaching perspectives, and in educators’ work to deconstruct culture, history and Indigenous identity. The term “colonial” is not used explicitly. However even if the term is not present, colonialism is indirectly visible. The antiracist education is less visible. All the pathways are visible in Sámi teacher education, but to visualise in Sámi teacher education the cornerstones, the metaphor of thelávvuand threecaggi, or poles, is used and thecaggitare, in the Sámi language,árbediehtu, andgirjás searvelatnja.
“A Lesson Is Most Exciting [When] the Teacher Typically Explains Complex Topics”: A Student Perspective on Public Schooling in Greenland
Authors: Demant-Poort Lars , Andersen Louise Pindstrup 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch on and knowledge about the Greenlandic school system is primarily based on quantitative, evaluative measures, such as grade point statistics. Though the aforementioned research is centred around schooling there is a lack of pedagogical research on schooling based on the voices of students and knowledge about what happens inside classrooms. This chapter describes the findings from a survey study of students’ experience of public schooling in Greenland. The goal of the study is to identify students’ perceptions of schooling and lessons and to broaden available knowledge on what schooling is in Greenland.
Introducing Responsible AI in Africa
Authors: Eke Damian Okaibedi , Wakunuma Kutoma , Akintoye Simisola 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the last few years, a growing and thriving AI ecosystem has emerged in Africa. Within this ecosystem, there are local tech spaces as well as a number of internationally driven technology hubs and centres established by big tech companies such as Twitter, Google, Facebook, Alibaba Group, Huawei, Amazon and Microsoft have significantly increased the development and deployment of AI systems in Africa. While these tech spaces and hubs are focused on using AI to meet local challenges (e.g. poverty, illiteracy, famine, corruption, environmental disasters, terrorism and health crisis), the ethical, legal and socio-cultural implications of AI in Africa have largely been ignored. To ensure that Africans benefit from the attendant gains of AI, ethical, legal and socio-cultural impacts of AI need to be robustly considered and mitigated.
Urbanization and the Verticality of Rural–Urban Linkages in Mountains
Authors: Haller Andreas , Branca Domenico 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMountains are commonly considered a rural or even wild counterpart to cities. But, is this view still relevant in times of “planetary urbanization”? What is actually “wild,” “rural,” and “urban,” and how do these categories differ in structural and/or functional terms? Are there urban specificities in mountains? Drawing on the concepts of planetary urbanization and verticality, and introducing examples from the Global North and South, this chapter presents a central theme of urban montology, the sustainability-oriented, transdisciplinary study of urbanizing mountain environments: rural–urban linkages between altitudinal zones. Ecosystemic, infrastructural, demographic, economic, and sociocultural linkages in mountains present numerous peculiarities due to relief and altitude of the urbanizing environment. “Flows” of mountain ecosystem services, cable cars linking valleys and peaks, vertical spatial mobility of people, and the deliberate use of alpine environments and identities for branding mountain cities—to attract investors and visitors—are just a few examples that underline the increasing interconnectedness of the former counterparts of intrinsically “urban” cities and “rural” (or “wild”) mountains. This must be taken into account when studying and facilitating the transition of urbanizing mountain spaces into places worth living in for humans and nonhumans.
The Moral Situation: Self and Other
Authors: Ruonakoski Erika 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuestions of power and ethics were implicitly present in the previous chapters. In this chapter, I deal with them in more detail, examining the power struggles in the classroom in terms of the relationship between the student and the lecturer as well as that between students. I also discuss ways out of the struggle, including a reflective attitude, classroom practices and considerations of spatial arrangements. Further, recognition, generosity and care are suggested as possible ways to overcome the difficult ethical situations in learning and teaching philosophy. In this context, I discuss the Oslo Summer School, where care ethics was used as the theoretical point of departure.
Animal Rights: A New (Non)Human Rights Revolution?
Authors: Stucki Saskia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAnimal rights is an idea whose time has come. This book looks at animal rights through the lens—and as a phenomenon—of new human rights. It revisits a question once famously asked by the philosopher Paola Cavalieri: are human rightshuman? In other words, can and should animals have some of the same fundamental rights that have traditionally been reserved for humans in the guise of ‘human rights’?
Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluations
Authors: Greiner-Petter André 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter primarily contributes to the research task V, i.e., evaluating the effectiveness of the semantification and translation system LACAST. In Section 5.1, we also extend LACAST semantic LATEX translations to support more mathematical operators, including sums, products, integrals, and limit notations. Hence, this chapter secondarily also contributes to research task IV, i.e., implementing an extension of the semantification approach to provide translations to CAS. We evaluate LACAST on two different datasets: the DLMF and Wikipedia.
A two-component vector WIMP — fermion FIMP dark matter model with an extended seesaw mechanism
Authors: Costa Francesco , Khan Sarif , Kim Jinsu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We consider an extension of the Standard Model that explains the neutrino masses and has a rich dark matter phenomenology. The model has two dark matter candidates, a vector WIMP and a fermion FIMP, and the sum of their relic densities matches the total dark matter abundance. We extensively study the dark matter production mechanisms and its connection with the neutrino sector, together with various bounds from present and future experiments. The extra scalar field in the model may induce a first-order phase transition in the early Universe. We study the production of stochastic gravitational waves associated with the first-order phase transition. We show that the phase transition can be strong, and thus the model may satisfy one of the necessary conditions for a successful electroweak baryogenesis. Detectability of the phase transition-associated gravitational waves is also discussed.
Synthesis and characterization of spark plasma sintered zirconia and ferrotitanium reinforced hybrid aluminium composite
Authors: Akinwamide Samuel Olukayode , Maleka Mabontle , Motabeni Nthabiseng , Akinribide Ojo Jeremiah , Oluwasegun Falodun Eso , Olubambi Peter Apata 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis research reports on the microstructural characterization and nanomechanical evaluation of hybrid aluminium-based composite, fabricated by reinforcing pure aluminium matrix with zirconia (ZrO2) and ferrotitanium (TiFe) particles. The composites were consolidated using the spark plasma sintering technique, and the properties of the reinforced composites were examined and compared with pure aluminium samples fabricated using the same sintering parameters. The formation of new phases in the hybrid composites was ascertained using the X-ray diffraction technique, while the morphologies of the starting powders and as-sintered specimens were analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Mechanical tests such as Vickers microhardness and frictional coefficient were determined to ascertain the respective strength and tribological performance. Nanoindentation test was also carried out to evaluate the nanomechanical properties such as penetration depth, elastic modulus, work indentation, and indentation creep. The results from this study revealed that mixing and sintering the admixed powders at sufficiently high temperature resulted in the formation of new phases which contributed to improved mechanical performance of the hybrid composites. The absence of pinning effect in loading and unloading curves from the nanoindentation test conducted confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of the reinforcement particles. Overall, the sample reinforced with 5% TiFe and 5% ZrO2 exhibited the most improved mechanical properties, while the unreinforced aluminium sample recorded the least mechanical and nanomechanical performance.
Chaos-enhanced multi-objective tunicate swarm algorithm for economic-emission load dispatch problem
Authors: Rizk-Allah Rizk M. , Hagag Enas A. , El-Fergany Attia A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate change and environmental protection have a significant impact on thermal plants. So, the main principles of combined economic-emission dispatch (CEED) problem are indeed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel costs. Many approaches have demonstrated their efficacy in addressing CEED problem. However, designing a robust algorithm capable of achieving the Pareto optimal solutions under its multimodality and non-convexity natures caused by valve ripple effects is a true challenge. In this paper, chaos-enhanced multi-objective tunicate swarm algorithm (CMOTSA) for CEED problem. To promote the exploration and exploitation abilities of the basic tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA), an exponential strategy based on chaotic logistic map (ESCL) is incorporated. Based on ESCL in CMOTSA, it can improve the possibility of diversification feature to search different areas within the solution space, and then, gradually with the progress of iterative process it converts to emphasize the intensification ability. The efficacy of CMOTSA is approved by applying it to some of multi-objective benchmarking functions which have different Pareto front characteristics including convex, discrete, and non-convex. The inverted generational distance (IGD) and generational distance (GD) are employed to assess the robustness and the good quality of CMOTSA against some successful algorithms. Additionally, the computational time is evaluated, the CMOTSA consumes less time for most functions. The CMOTSA is applied to one of the practical engineering problems such as combined economic and emission dispatch (CEED) with including the valve ripples. By using three different systems (IEEE 30-bus with 6 generators system, 10 units system and IEEE 118-bus with 14 generating units), the methodology validation is made. It can be stated for the large-scale case of 118-bus systems that the results of the CMOTSA are equal to 8741.3 $/h for the minimum cost and 2747.6 ton/h for the minimum emission which are very viable to others. It can be pointed out that the cropped results of the proposed CMOTSA based methodology as an efficient tool for CEED is proven.
Capturing time-dependent activation of genes and stress-response pathways using transcriptomics in iPSC-derived renal proximal tubule cells
Authors: Jennings Paul , Carta Giada , Singh Pranika , da Costa Pereira Daniel , Feher Anita , Dinnyes Andras , Exner Thomas E. , Wilmes Anja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTranscriptomic analysis is a powerful method in the utilization of New Approach Methods (NAMs) for identifying mechanisms of toxicity and application to hazard characterization. With this regard, mapping toxicological events to time of exposure would be helpful to characterize early events. Here, we investigated time-dependent changes in gene expression levels in iPSC-derived renal proximal tubular-like cells (PTL) treated with five diverse compounds using TempO-Seq transcriptomics with the aims to evaluate the application of PTL for toxicity prediction and to report on temporal effects for the activation of cellular stress response pathways. PTL were treated with either 50 μM amiodarone, 10 μM sodium arsenate, 5 nM rotenone, or 300 nM tunicamycin over a temporal time course between 1 and 24 h. The TGFβ-type I receptor kinase inhibitor GW788388 (1 μM) was used as a negative control. Pathway analysis revealed the induction of key stress-response pathways, including Nrf2 oxidative stress response, unfolding protein response, and metal stress response. Early response genes per pathway were identified much earlier than 24 h and included HMOX1, ATF3, DDIT3, and several MT1 isotypes. GW788388 did not induce any genes within the stress response pathways above, but showed deregulation of genes involved in TGFβ inhibition, including downregulation of CYP24A1 and SERPINE1 and upregulation of WT1. This study highlights the application of iPSC-derived renal cells for prediction of cellular toxicity and sheds new light on the temporal and early effects of key genes that are involved in cellular stress response pathways.
Tensile properties of human spinal dura mater and pericranium
Authors: Cavelier Sacha , Quarrington Ryan D. , Jones Claire F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAutologous pericranium is a promising dural graft material. An optimal graft should exhibit similar mechanical properties to the native dura, but the mechanical properties of human pericranium have not been characterized, and studies of the biomechanical performance of human spinal dura are limited. The primary aim of this study was to measure the tensile structural and material properties of the pericranium, in the longitudinal and circumferential directions, and of the dura in each spinal region (cervical, thoracic and lumbar) and in three directions (longitudinal anterior and posterior, and circumferential). The secondary aim was to determine corresponding constitutive stress–strain equations using a one-term Ogden model. A total of 146 specimens were tested from 7 cadavers. Linear regression models assessed the effect of tissue type, region, and orientation on the structural and material properties. Pericranium was isotropic, while spinal dura was anisotropic with higher stiffness and strength in the longitudinal than the circumferential direction. Pericranium had lower strength and modulus than spinal dura across all regions in the longitudinal direction but was stronger and stiffer than dura in the circumferential direction. Spinal dura and pericranium had similar strain at peak force, toe, and yield, across all regions and directions. Human pericranium exhibits isotropic mechanical behavior that lies between that of the longitudinal and circumferential spinal dura. Further studies are required to determine if pericranium grafts behave like native dura under in vivo loading conditions. The Ogden parameters reported may be used for computational modeling of the central nervous system.
Silk fibroin microgels as a platform for cell microencapsulation
Authors: Bono Nina , Saroglia Giulio , Marcuzzo Stefania , Giagnorio Eleonora , Lauria Giuseppe , Rosini Elena , De Nardo Luigi , Athanassiou Athanassia , Candiani Gabriele , Perotto Giovanni 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCell microencapsulation has been utilized for years as a means of cell shielding from the external environment while facilitating the transport of gases, general metabolites, and secretory bioactive molecules at once. In this light, hydrogels may support the structural integrity and functionality of encapsulated biologics whereas ensuring cell viability and function and releasing potential therapeutic factors once in situ. In this work, we describe a straightforward strategy to fabricate silk fibroin (SF) microgels (µgels) and encapsulate cells into them. SF µgels (size ≈ 200 µm) were obtained through ultrasonication-induced gelation of SF in a water-oil emulsion phase. A thorough physicochemical (SEM analysis, and FT-IR) and mechanical (microindentation tests) characterization of SF µgels were carried out to assess their nanostructure, porosity, and stiffness. SF µgels were used to encapsulate and culture L929 and primary myoblasts. Interestingly, SF µgels showed a selective release of relatively small proteins (e.g., VEGF, molecular weight, MW = 40 kDa) by the encapsulated primary myoblasts, while bigger (macro)molecules (MW = 160 kDa) were hampered to diffusing through the µgels. This article provided the groundwork to expand the use of SF hydrogels into a versatile platform for encapsulating relevant cells able to release paracrine factors potentially regulating tissue and/or organ functions, thus promoting their regeneration.
Graphical Abstract
Tween-80 improves single/coaxial electrospinning of three-layered bioartificial blood vessel
Authors: Wu Chuang , Wang Haixiang , Cao Jin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectrospinning is a promising technique for preparing bioartificial blood vessels. Nanofibers prepared by electrospinning can simulate the structure of extracellular matrix to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. However, thorn-like protrusions can appear as defects on electrospun scaffolds and coaxial electrospun nanofibers often have no clear core/shell structure, which can seriously affect the quality of bioartificial blood vessels. To address these problems, Tween 80 is added to the electrospinning solution, which results in a stable Taylor cone, eliminates the thorn-like protrusions on electrospun bioartificial blood vessels, and reduces interfacial effects due to different core/shell solutions during coaxial electrospinning. Simulations, biomechanical tests, and in vivo studies were performed. The results demonstrate the excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the bioartificial blood vessel. This research provides a useful reference for optimizing the electrospinning process for fabricating bioartificial blood vessels.
Graphical Abstract