bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Utility of a “Second-Look” Debridement Following Endonasal Skull Base Surgery in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Chang Michael T. , Huang Alice E. , Quon Jennifer L. , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Wen Christopher Z. , Eide Jacob G. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Qian Z Jason , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. , Adappa Nithin D. , Patel Zara M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Sinonasal debridement is typically performed in the weeks following endonasal skull base surgery (ESBS). In the pediatric population, this second-look procedure may require general anesthesia; however, there is currently little evidence assessing the benefit of this practice.
Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study of pediatric patients (age <18 years) undergoing a planned second-look debridement under general anesthesia following ESBS. Intraoperative findings, interventions performed, and perioperative complications were reviewed. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify associations between intraoperative findings and clinical factors.
Results We reviewed 69 cases of second-look debridements (age mean 8.6 ± 4.2 years, range: 2–18 years), occurring a mean of 18.3 ± 10.3 days following ESBS. All abnormal findings were noted in patients age ≤12 years. Synechiae were noted in 8.7% of cases, bacterial rhinosinusitis in 2.9%, and failed reconstruction with cerebrospinal fluid leak in 4.5% (two cases of flap malposition and one case of flap necrosis). All failed reconstructions were noted following expanded endonasal cases for craniopharyngioma, and in each case, a revision reconstruction was performed during the second-look surgery. Synechiae were not significantly associated with younger age, revision cases, or cases with reconstructive flaps. There were no perioperative complications.
Conclusion Second-look debridement under general anesthesia may be useful in the identification and intervention of sinonasal pathology following endoscopic skull base surgery, particularly in children ≤12 years old or those with pedicled flap reconstructions. Larger controlled studies are warranted to validate this practice and refine indications and timing of this second procedure.
High Efficacy and Low Early Mortality in High-Volume Center Tricuspid Valve Surgery
Authors: Götte Julia , Zittermann Armin , Schramm René , Bleiziffer Sabine , Deutsch Markus André , Renner André , Gummert Jan F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Isolated tricuspid valve surgery has been associated with early mortality rates of up to 10%. With rapidly emerging interventional catheter-based options, the question arises whether current technical and perioperative protocols in cardiac surgery translate into lower than previously expected mortality rates, especially when looking at data from high-volume centers.
Methods We performed a retrospective single-center analysis in 369 patients undergoing isolated tricuspid valve repair (n = 256) or replacement (n = 113) between 2009 and 2021. Surgical approaches included full sternotomy, as well as right-sided minithoracotomy. According to a recently introduced clinical risk score, patients were divided into scoring groups, and observed (O) versus expected (E) early mortality were compared. Pre- and postoperative tricuspid valve function was also analyzed.
Results Overall, 30-day mortality was 4.1%, ranging from 0% (scoring group 0–1 points) to 8.7% (scoring group ≥ 10 points), which was substantially lower than the expected early mortality (2% in the lowest to 34% in the highest scoring group). Preoperative tricuspid regurgitation was severe in 71.3% (n = 263), moderate to severe in 14.9% (n = 55), and mild or less in 6.5% (n = 24). The corresponding postoperative values were 0% (n = 0), 1.4% (n = 5), and 81.6% (n = 301).
Conclusion Our high-volume center data indicate substantially lower than predicted 30-day mortality in different cardiac surgical risk scoring groups. The majority of patients had zero to minimal residual tricuspid valve insufficiency postoperatively. Randomized controlled trials are needed to compare tricuspid valve functional results and long-term outcomes of surgical versus interventional procedures in patients undergoing isolated tricuspid valve procedures.
Prevalence and distribution of ultrasound-detected hand synovial abnormalities in a middle-aged and older population
Authors: Jiang Ting , Yang Tuo , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael , Zhang Yuqing , Zeng Chao , Sarmanova Aliya , Yang Zidan , Li Jiatian , Wang Yilun , Wang Yuqing , Obotiba Abasiama D. , Lei Guanghua , Wei Jie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective Synovial abnormalities are modifiable targets for hand pain and osteoarthritis. We examined the prevalence and distribution of ultrasound-detected hand synovial abnormalities in a community-derived sample of older people in China.
Methods Within the Xiangya Osteoarthritis Study, a community-based study, we assessed synovial hypertrophy (SH), joint effusion, and Power Doppler signal (PDS) on all fingers and thumbs of both hands using standardized ultrasound examinations (score: 0–3). We assessed distribution patterns of SH and effusion using χ2-test and interrelationships of SH and effusion in different joints and hands by generalized estimating equations.
Results Among 3,623 participants (mean age: 64.4 years; women: 58.1%), prevalence of SH, effusion and PDS were 85.5%, 87.3% and 1.5%, respectively. Prevalence of SH, effusion and PDS increased with age, was higher in the right hand than in the left hand and was more common in proximal than in distal hand joints. SH and effusion often occurred in multiple joints (P < 0.001). SH in one joint was strongly associated with presence of SH in the same joint of the opposite hand (odds ratio [OR]= 6.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.19–7.03) followed by SH in other joints in the same row, (OR=5.70, 95%CI: 5.32–6.11), and then other joints in the same ray of the same hand (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.39–1.60). Similar patterns were observed for effusion.
Conclusion Hand synovial abnormalities are common among older people, often affect multiple hand joints and present a unique pattern. These findings suggest both systemic and mechanical factors play roles in their occurrence.
Recent Advances in Asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens-Type Rearrangement via Metal Carbenes
Authors: Teng Ming-Yu , Ye Long-Wu , Shi Chong-Yang , Zhou Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement is a widely used transformation in synthetic organic chemistry. However, enantioselective versions are relatively limited and most of them rely on substrate-induced methodologies. In recent years, metal carbene chemistry has been extensively investigated, and the related asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement has experienced rapid development by employing ylide intermediates generated from the reaction of metal carbenes with heteroatoms. This review summarizes recent advances in the asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens-type rearrangement via metal carbenes by presenting their product diversity, selectivity, and mechanistic rationale, which is organized based on the mode of chirality control.1	Introduction2	Substrate-Induced Asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens-Type Rearrangement3	Catalyst-Controlled Asymmetric [1,2]-Stevens-Type Rearrangement4	Conclusion and Outlook
Direct 2-Pyridyl-Alkylation of Benzyne with N-Alkylpyridinium Salts
Authors: Xia Ji-Bao , Su Yijin , Guo Ning-Xin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 2-pyridyl-alkylation of benzyne using N-alkylpyridinium salts has been developed under either photochemical or thermal conditions. This metal-free dicarbofunctionalization of benzyne undergoes a de Mayo-type process including cascade dearomative [3+2] cycloaddition and rearomative ring-opening reaction. An electron-deficient N-cyclic alkyl group was necessary. A formal ortho-C–H arylation of pyridine has been achieved.
Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in Atopic Dermatitis in Adults: A Replication Trial with 6 Months' Follow-up
Authors: Mandal Sanjukta , Ghosh Shubhamoy , Das Aakash Deep , Biswas Bikash , Palanisamy Chithra , Guha Nilanjana , Maiti Shukdeb , Dutta Souvik , Singh Navin Kumar , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammatory skin disease that can have a significant impact on quality of life. During the last four decades, a rising trend in AD has been observed in India. Homeopathic medicines are claimed to be beneficial in AD; however, convincing research evidence has been lacking. We compared the efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) against placebos in the treatment of AD.
Methods In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 6 months' duration (n = 60), adult patients were randomized to receive either IHMs (n = 30) or identical-looking placebos (n = 30). All participants received concomitant conventional care, which included the application of olive oil and maintaining local hygiene. The primary outcome measure was disease severity using the Patient-Oriented Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (PO-SCORAD) scale; secondary outcomes were the Atopic Dermatitis Burden Scale for Adults (ADBSA) and Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) – all were measured at baseline and every month, up to 6 months. Group differences were calculated on the intention-to-treat sample.
Results After 6 months of intervention, inter-group differences became statistically significant on PO-SCORAD, the primary outcome (−18.1; 95% confidence interval, −24.0 to −12.2), favoring IHMs against placebos (F
1, 52 = 14.735; p <0.001; two-way repeated measures analysis of variance). Inter-group differences for the secondary outcomes favored homeopathy, but were overall statistically non-significant (ADBSA: F
1, 52 = 0.019; p = 0.891; DLQI: F
1, 52 = 0.692; p = 0.409).
Conclusion IHMs performed significantly better than placebos in reducing the severity of AD in adults, though the medicines had no overall significant impact on AD burden or DLQI.
Gender Inequity in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Fennern Erin B. , Stein Sharon L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWomen in surgery continue to face inequitable treatment from surgical leadership, their peers, hospital staff, and even from their patients. Despite this, women surgeons continue to produce equal, or improved, clinical outcomes for their patients, with their work being given less remuneration than that of their male peers. The cultural stereotypes and biases that drive these inequities are implicit and subtle; however, they have dramatic effects on the lives and careers of women surgeons.
Intestinal Malrotation in Children: Clinical Presentation and Outcomes
Authors: Salehi Karlslätt Karin , Husberg Britt , Ullberg Ulla , Nordenskjöld Agenta , Wester Tomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction Intestinal malrotation (IM) is characterized by abnormal intestinal rotation and fixation predisposing to a risk of midgut volvulus. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and outcome of IM from birth through childhood.
Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of children with IM managed at a single center between 1983 and 2016. Data were retrieved from medical records and analyzed.
Results Three hundred nineteen patients were eligible for the study. Using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 138 children were included. Vomiting was the most common symptom up to 5 years of age. At 6 to 15 years of age, abdominal pain was the predominant symptom. One hundred twenty-five patients underwent a Ladd's procedure and of 124 patients with available data, 20% had a postoperative complication (Clavien-Dindo IIIb-V) within 30 days. The odds ratio to develop postoperative complications was significantly increased in extremely preterm patients (p = 0.001) and in patients with severely affected intestinal circulation (p = 0.006). Two patients had intestinal failure due to midgut loss after midgut volvulus, one of whom needed intestinal transplantation. Four patients, all extremely preterm, died related to the surgical procedure. In addition, seven patients died of reasons not related to IM. Fourteen patients (11%) had adhesive bowel obstruction and one patient had recurrent midgut volvulus requiring surgical treatment.
Conclusions IM presents with different symptoms through childhood depending on age. Postoperative complications are common after Ladd's procedure, particularly among extremely preterm infants and patients with severely affected circulation caused by midgut volvulus.
Changing perceptions of language in sociolinguistics
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Jin Guangyu , Li Wenhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper traces the changing perceptions of language in sociolinguistics. These perceptions of language are reviewed in terms of language in its verbal forms, and languageinvis-à-visasa multimodal construct. In reviewing these changing perceptions, this paper examines different concepts or approaches in sociolinguistics. By reviewing these trends of thoughts and applications, this article intends to shed light on ontological issues such as what constitutes language, and where its place is in multimodal practices in sociolinguistics. Expanding the ontology of language from verbal resources toward various multimodal constructs has enabled sociolinguists to pursue meaning-making, indexicalities and social variations in its most authentic state. Language in a multimodal construct entails the boundaries and distinctions between various modes, while language as a multimodal construct sees language itself as multimodal; it focuses on the social constructs, social meaning and language as a force in social change rather than the combination or orchestration of various modes in communication. Language as a multimodal construct has become the dominant trend in contemporary sociolinguistic studies.
Machine learning-based Curie temperature prediction for magnetic 14:2:1 phases
Authors: Choudhary Amit Kumar , Kini Anoop , Hohs Dominic , Jansche Andreas , Bernthaler Timo , Csiszár Orsolya , Goll Dagmar , Schneider Gerhard 
Published: March 2023

The TM14RE2B-based phases (TM = transition metal, RE = rare earth metal; hereafter called 14:2:1) enable permanent magnets with outstanding magnetic properties. Novel chemical compositions that represent new 14:2:1 phases necessitate that they do not demagnetize at application-specific operating temperatures. Therefore, an accurate knowledge of the Curie temperature (Tc) is important. For magnetic 14:2:1 phases, we present a machine learning model that predicts Tc by using merely chemical compositional features. Hyperparameter tuning on bagging and boosting models, as well as averaging predictions from individual models using the voting regressor, enables a low mean-absolute-error of 16 K on an unseen test set. The training set and a test set have been constructed by randomly splitting, in an 80:20 ratio, of a database that contains 449 phases (270 compositionally unique) mapped with their Tc, taken from distinct publications. The model correctly identifies the relative importance of key substitutional elements that influence Tc, especially in an Fe base such as Co, Mn, and Al. This paper is expected to serve as a basis for accurate Curie temperature predictions in the sought-after 14:2:1 permanent magnet family, particularly for transition metal substitution of within 20% in an Fe or Co base.
Interlayer hybridization in a van der Waals quantum spin-Hall insulator/superconductor heterostructure
Authors: Bussolotti Fabio , Kawai Hiroyo , Verzhbitskiy Ivan , Tao Wei , Ho Duc-Quan , Das Anirban , Jia Junxiang , Mukherjee Shantanu , Weber Bent , Johnson Goh Kuan Eng 
Published: March 2023

In this work, we present an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of a 1T′-WTe2 monolayer epitaxially grown on NbSe2 substrates, a prototypical quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI)/superconductor heterojunction. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data indicate the formation of electronic states in the bulk bandgap of WTe2, which are absent in the nearly free-standing WTe2 grown on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate, where an energy gap of ∼100 meV is reported. The results are explained in terms of hybridization effects promoted by the QSHI–superconductor interaction at WTe2/NbSe2 interfaces, in line with recent scanning probe microscopy investigation and theoretical band structure calculations. Our findings highlight the important role of interlayer interaction on the electronic properties and ultimately on the engineering of topological properties of the QSHI/superconducting heterostructure.
A spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscope in vector magnetic field
Authors: Zhou Lihui , He Qingyu , Que Xinglu , Rost Andreas W. , Takagi Hide 
Published: March 2023

Cryogenic scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) performed in a high vector magnetic field provide unique possibilities for imaging surface magnetic structures and anisotropic superconductivity and exploring spin physics in quantum materials with atomic precision. Here, we describe the design, construction, and performance of a low-temperature, ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) spectroscopic-imaging STM equipped with a vector magnet capable of applying a field of up to 3 T in any direction with respect to the sample surface. The STM head is housed in a fully bakeable UHV compatible cryogenic insert and is operational over variable temperatures ranging from ∼300 down to 1.5 K. The insert can be easily upgraded using our home-designed 3He refrigerator. In addition to layered compounds, which can be cleaved at a temperature of either ∼300, ∼77, or ∼4.2 K to expose an atomically flat surface, thin films can also be studied by directly transferring using a UHV suitcase from our oxide thin-film laboratory. Samples can be treated further with a heater and a liquid helium/nitrogen cooling stage on a three-axis manipulator. The STM tips can be treated in vacuo by e-beam bombardment and ion sputtering. We demonstrate the successful operation of the STM with varying the magnetic field direction. Our facility provides a way to study materials in which magnetic anisotropy is a key factor in determining the electronic properties such as in topological semimetals and superconductors.
Dual passivation effects of ionic liquids enable efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ye Xiaofang , Cai Hongkun , Xu Tie , Ni Jian , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: March 2023

In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attracting more and more attention. Although perovskite materials have high defect tolerance, defects remain the main factor that seriously affects the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Herein, the ionic liquid of 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM][ACO]) was introduced into the SnO2/perovskite interface for the first time. Thanks to the dipoles formed by ILs spontaneously, the work function of SnO2 was reduced and the transport ability of carriers was improved as well. Moreover, the Lewis acidity and lone pair electrons of [BMIM][ACO] contribute to the passivation of I– defects, Pb2+ defects, or Pb-I anti site defects. In addition, the presence of dipoles will repel the approach of photogenerated holes and the reverse transport of electrons, reducing the recombination of defect sites through field-effect passivation. The solar cell with efficiency of 19.43% was obtained under such a dual passivation effect, and the best device maintained 75.21% of the initial efficiency after 80 h of continuous illumination.
Seed dormancy alleviation by warm stratification progressively widens the germination window in Mediterranean climate Rutaceae
Authors: Just Michael , Cross Adam T. , Lewandrowski Wolfgang , Turner Shane R. , Merritt David J. , Dixon Kingsley 
Published: March 2023

Context In ecosystems where rainfall is episodic or highly seasonal, plant recruitment from a soil-stored seed bank occurs during periods of elevated soil moisture conducive to germination and seedling establishment. The release of seed dormancy in response to environmental conditions has significant consequences for the temperature window over which germination occurs, and as such the timing of germination can vary between years. Aims We aimed to understand in seeds of two species of Rutaceae, Diplolaena dampieri and Rhadinothamnus anceps, how dormancy loss and germination timing is influenced by warm stratification. Methods We tested the germination response to temperatures between 5 and 30°C following increasing durations (1–12 and 4–12 weeks) of warm stratification at 20, 25, or 30°C. Key results Warm stratification for 1–8 weeks at 30°C progressively alleviated seed dormancy in D. dampieri and R. anceps, increasing germination proportion from ~0.1 to ~0.5 in both species. Stratification duration was optimal at 30°C for between 4 and 8 weeks depending on species. Warm stratification was not affected by water stress down to −0.8 Mpa. Application of aerosol smoke did not significantly improve germination, and heat treatments had a negative effect on final germination proportion. Conclusions As dormancy was progressively alleviated, the range of temperatures that support germination increased for D. dampieri and decreased for R. anceps, allowing for confirmation of type 1 and type 2 non-deep physiological dormancy (PD), respectively. Implications Arising from this conclusion, we suggest that in Mediterranean climates, type 1 and 2 PD dictate risk-taking and risk-avoiding ecological strategies by shifting the thermal requirements for germination towards that characteristic of the early- or mid-germination season. Classification of non-deep PD may offer a structured approach to predict how temperature requirements shift during dormancy loss, which will provide insight into seed germination response to year-to-year variation in seasonal environmental conditions.
Historical changes in politeness norms
Authors: Isosävi Johanna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although French courtly models spread to Europe, little research has compared the development of politeness in France with more remote European linguacultures. To fill this gap, I examine folk understandings of historical politeness in Finnish and French linguacultures. Concentrating on cultural outsiders’ own understandings – that is, French people living in Finland and Finns who live or have lived in France – my study lies within the framework of a discursive approach, and draws upon data from five focus-group discussions and their dialogical discourse analysis. My study shows that the different forms of government, levels of urbanisation and branches of Christianity reportedly influenced differences in Finnish and French politeness. Yet, during participants’ stays in these respective countries, an affinity towards politeness was described as stemming from globalisation. Future research should examine if the frames of expectations of politeness in Europe are generally moving closer towards one another.
The application of coherent microwave scattering and multiphoton ionization for diagnostics of electric propulsion systems
Authors: Patel Adam R , Karunarathne Sashin L B , Babusis Nicholas , Shashurin Alexey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Nonintrusive measurements of plasma properties are essential to evaluate, and numerically simulate, the in-flight performance of electric propulsion systems. As a logical first step in the development of new diagnostic techniques, this work depicts the implementation of multiphoton ionization and coherent microwave scattering (MPI-CMS) in a gridded-ion accelerator operating on rare gases. Presented studies primarily comprise photoionization spectroscopy of ground and excited state-populations of both neutrals and ions—supplemented by optical emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe derived plume properties. Results suggest the potential of MPI-CMS for non-intrusive measurements of species number densities.