bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Nonlinguistic Segmentation Predict Literacy in Second Language Education? Statistical Learning in Ivorian Primary Schools
Authors: Zinszer Benjamin D. , Hannon Joelle , Kouadio Aya Élise , Akpé Hermann , Tanoh Fabrice , Hu Anqi , Qi Zhenghan , Jasińska Kaja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStatistical learning is a learning mechanism that does not directly depend on knowledge of a language but predicts language and literacy outcomes for children and adults. Research linking statistical learning and literacy has not addressed a common educational context in primary schools worldwide: children who first learn to read in their second language (L2). Several studies have linked statistical learning with childhood literacy in Australia, China, Europe, and the United States, and we preregistered an adaptation for Côte d'Ivoire, where students are educated in French and speak a local language at home. We recruited 117 sixth‐graders from primary schools in several villages and tested for correlations greater than .30 between statistical learning and literacy with 80–90% power. We found no evidence for these correlations between statistical learning and literacy, but visual statistical learning was correlated with L2 phonological awareness, a crucial emergent‐literacy skill. This finding underscores the need to include L2 acquisition contexts in literacy research.
Efficient multiple gene knockout in Colletotrichum higginsianum via CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and URA3‐based marker recycling
Authors: Yonehara Katsuma , Kumakura Naoyoshi , Motoyama Takayuki , Ishihama Nobuaki , Dallery Jean‐Félix , O'Connell Richard , Shirasu Ken 
Published: July 2023

AbstractColletotrichum higginsianum is a hemibiotrophic pathogen that causes anthracnose disease on crucifer hosts, including Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite the availability of genomic and transcriptomic information and the ability to transform both organisms, identifying C. higginsianum genes involved in virulence has been challenging due to recalcitrance to gene targeting and redundancy of virulence factors. To overcome these obstacles, we developed an efficient method for multiple gene disruption in C. higginsianum by combining CRISPR/Cas9 and a URA3‐based marker recycling system. Our method significantly increased the efficiency of gene knockout via homologous recombination by introducing genomic DNA double‐strand breaks. We demonstrated the applicability of the URA3‐based marker recycling system for multiple gene targeting in the same strain. Using our technology, we successfully targeted two melanin biosynthesis genes, SCD1 and PKS1, which resulted in deficiency in melanization and loss of pathogenicity in the mutants. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our methods in analysing virulence factors in C. higginsianum, thus accelerating research on plant–fungus interactions.
Biosynthesis of kratom opioids
Authors: Kim Kyunghee , Shahsavarani Mohammadamin , Garza‐García Jorge Jonathan Oswaldo , Carlisle Jack Edward , Guo Jun , De Luca Vincenzo , Qu Yang 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Mitragynine, an analgesic alkaloid from the plant Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), offers a safer alternative to clinical opioids such as morphine, owing to its more favorable side effect profile. Although kratom has been traditionally used for stimulation and pain management in Southeast Asia, the mitragynine biosynthesis pathway has remained elusive.
We embarked on a search for mitragynine biosynthetic genes from the transcriptomes of kratom and other members of the Rubiaceae family. We studied their functions in vitro and in vivo.
Our investigations led to the identification of several reductases and an enol methyltransferase that forms a new clade within the SABATH methyltransferase family. Furthermore, we discovered a methyltransferase from Hamelia patens (firebush), which catalyzes the final step. With the tryptamine 4‐hydroxylase from the psychedelic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis, we accomplished the four‐step biosynthesis for mitragynine and its stereoisomer, speciogynine in both yeast and Escherichia coli when supplied with tryptamine and secologanin.
Although we have yet to pinpoint the authentic hydroxylase and methyltransferase in kratom, our discovery completes the mitragynine biosynthesis. Through these breakthroughs, we achieved the microbial biosynthesis of kratom opioids for the first time. The remarkable enzyme promiscuity suggests the possibility of generating derivatives and analogs of kratom opioids in heterologous systems.
Finding what works—Patients' long‐term experiences of weight maintenance post bariatric surgery: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: MacAskill William , Gillanders Tobias , Wylie Neil , Pinidiyapathirage Janani 
Published: July 2023

SummaryIndividuals with obesity can attain significant weight loss in a relatively short timeframe following bariatric surgery; however, new healthy behaviors must be sustained in perpetuity to maintain weight loss. This study investigates patients' views on the facilitators and barriers to long‐term weight loss maintenance following bariatric surgery. Systematic searches of Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases identified 403 studies with 15 fitting the study inclusion criteria. Included studies were independently appraised using Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP). Data extraction and thematic synthesis generated three themes: changing food relationships, navigating inter‐ and intrapersonal influences, and caring health professionals. These appeared across six organizing sub‐themes: building new food relationships, creating healthy habits, relationships with others, internalized stressors, finding and defining success, and ongoing patient education. Patients experienced a variety of barriers and facilitators to weight loss maintenance, with some facilitators diminishing over time. The findings demonstrate the importance of considering patients' perspectives and individual contexts to assist them to negotiate and overcome challenges to long‐term weight loss maintenance post‐bariatric surgery.
Deciphering peanut complex genomes paves a way to understand its origin and domestication
Authors: Pan Yuxin , Zhuang Yuhui , Liu Tao , Chen Hua , Wang Lihui , Varshney Rajeev K. , Zhuang Weijian , Wang Xiyin 
Published: July 2023

SummaryPeanut (Arachis) is a key oil and protein crop worldwide with large genome. The genomes of diploid and tetraploid peanuts have been sequenced, which were compared to decipher their genome structures, evolutionary, and life secrets. Genome sequencing efforts showed that different cultivars, although Bt homeologs being more privileged in gene retention and gene expression. This subgenome bias, extended to sequence variation and point mutation, might be related to the long terminal repeat (LTR) explosions after tetraploidization, especially in At subgenomes. Except that, whole‐genome sequences revealed many important genes, for example, fatty acids and triacylglycerols pathway, NBS‐LRR (nucleotide‐binding site‐leucine‐rich repeats), and seed size decision genes, were enriched after recursive polyploidization. Each ancestral polyploidy, with old ones having occurred hundreds of thousand years ago, has thousands of duplicated genes in extant genomes, contributing to genetic novelty. Notably, although full genome sequences are available, the actual At subgenome ancestor has still been elusive, highlighted with new debate about peanut origin. Although being an orphan crop lagging behind other crops in genomic resources, the genome sequencing achievement has laid a solid foundation for advancing crop enhancement and system biology research of peanut.
Everyday administrative burdens and inequality
Authors: Martin Lucie , Delaney Liam , Doyle Orla 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdministrative burdens create costly experiences for citizens, especially disadvantaged groups. Research to date focuses on how burdens affect outcomes in specific policy contexts, thus little is known about cumulative experiences of burdens in everyday life and their distribution in society. This is the first study to document everyday administrative experiences, accounting for time and well‐being costs across 10 domains: tax, retirement, government benefits, bills, goods and services, savings, debt, health, child care, and adult care. Survey results from 2243 UK adults show that administrative tasks are a significant part of everyday life, with time and well‐being costs that vary by domain. Benefits‐related tasks are particularly costly. There is evidence of distributive effects. Those in poor health and financial insecurity are more likely to engage in salient tasks, such as benefits, but less likely to engage with longer‐term tasks including savings and retirement. They experience higher well‐being costs, especially during salient tasks.
Correlation between Acanthosis Nigricans Scoring Chart (ANSC) and narrowband reflectance spectrophotometer in assessing severity of acanthosis nigricans
Authors: Treesirichod Arucha , Kritsanaviparkporn Chawan , Sangaphunchai Phoomphut , Chansakulporn Somboon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere is a lack of standardized tool to monitor treatment outcome of acanthosis nigricans. To meet this end, we developed the Acanthosis Nigricans Scoring Chart (ANSC) that evaluates skin color (score range of 1–8) and skin texture (score range of 1–6), which adds up to a total ANSC score (score range of 2–14). We aimed to determine the correlation of ANSC to narrowband reflectance spectrophotometry and to evaluate its reliability.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in adult acanthosis nigricans patients. Two raters independently graded participants using ANSC twice, in which scores were correlated to readings from Mexameter MX18. Intra‐ and interrater reliability were also evaluated via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsParticipants had mean (sd) melanin and erythema indices of 615.8 (176.2) and 451.4 (53.4), respectively. Mean (sd) total ANSC score was 9.43 (2.43). The total ANSC score and skin color subdomain demonstrated strong correlations (r > 0.6) with spectrophotometric results, whereas skin texture showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.4–0.6). Total ANSC score generally had excellent intra‐ and interrater reliabilities (ICC > 0.85).ConclusionThe total ANSC score and its subdomains strongly correlate with spectrophotometer and demonstrate excellent reliability in assessing acanthosis nigricans.
A simulation workshop to introduce coping skills
Authors: Putnam Elizabeth M. , Stratton Kelcey J. , Lehrian Laura E. , Rochlen Lauryn R. , Zisblatt Lara 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundExperiencing clinical catastrophes can result in long‐lasting emotional and psychological impacts. In other fields, crisis simulation has been used to train professionals in coping skills.ApproachOur workshop combined a simulated case with a clinical debrief and expert‐led teaching on coping skills. The ‘4Rs’ mnemonic, Recognise, Reflect, Reframe and Reach‐out, describes the key elements. This is grounded in social, cognitive and behavioural theories of stress and coping.EvaluationAll 96 anesthesiology residents from one residency programme participated, in small groups, and a mixed methods analysis was used. The scenario was deemed stressful. The workshop introduced new techniques, with 72/87 (82.75%) reporting new coping skills in use at 1‐month follow‐up. For many residents, the descriptive language regarding their performance and abilities shifted from critical, negative self‐talk to positive and team‐focused immediately following the workshop. A striking finding from evaluations at all timepoints was that negative comments were typically self‐referencing whereas positive ones referenced colleague support and the team.ImplicationsCombining stress exposure with formal exploration of emotional responses and coping skills teaching in this workshop was feasible, with benefits at 1‐month follow‐up. This laid the groundwork for a resilience curriculum and wider departmental interest in the topic of coping and stress responses.
Productivity effects of trade in natural resources—comparison with mechanisms of technological specialisation
Authors: Zarach Zuzanna Helena , Parteka Aleksandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper compares two alternative growth paths, assessing the effects on productivity of specialisation in natural resources (NR) and in technologically advanced products. The empirical analysis exploits product‐level export data for 109 developing and 51 developed economies over the period 1996–2018. We document two distinct types of specialisation, based on exports either of natural resources or of technological products, and compare their role in labour productivity growth by GMM estimation of a conditional convergence model. In general, natural resource exports weakly slow down growth but we find that the type of resources exported is important: Metals enhance productivity catch‐up and can stimulate growth in developing countries. Technological specialisation, especially in products typical of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, reinforces productivity growth but does not affect natural resources–productivity growth relationship.
Quantifying the costs of utilising regional trade agreements
Authors: Hayakawa Kazunobu , Jinji Naoto , Laksanapanyakul Nuttawut , Matsuura Toshiyuki , Yoshimi Taiyo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study proposes an approach for quantifying two kinds of costs related to the utilisation of regional trade agreements (RTAs). The first, called the “procurement adjustment cost,” represents the cost involved in meeting the rules of origin by adjusting procurement sources. The second is the additional fixed cost required to utilise RTAs, including document preparation costs for the certificates of origin. Applying our approach to Thailand's imports from China, our estimates suggest that procurement adjustment costs at the median are equivalent to 4% of the per‐unit production cost. RTA utilisation also requires an additional 27% in fixed costs. In addition, we simulate how much a reduction in these costs would enhance RTA utilisation.
Influence of Disability-Inclusive Advertising on Behavioral Intention - An Intergenerational Analysis
Authors: Kulkarni Yukta , Iyer Kavitha 
Published: July 2023

In recent years, although inclusive advertising has emerged as a vital focus for global brands, the representation of individuals with disabilities has predominantly been viewed through an ableist lens. The main purpose of this study is to examine the influence of disability-inclusive advertising on the behavioural intentions of Generations X and Z in relation to social inclusion. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we investigated intergenerational attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, self-schemas, anticipated regret felt (moderators), and behavioral intention towards a disability-inclusive advertisement as the stimulus using a sample of 270 respondents recruited using stratified convenience sampling. While the study revealed impartiality of attitudes and subjective norms regarding disability inclusion, perceived behavioral control was affirmative and notably more robust in Generation X as compared to Generation Z. The analysis reveals positive behavioural intentions to promote social inclusion for individuals with disabilities. This study provides important contributions to marketing and sociology by highlighting the crucial role of inclusive advertising in fostering favorable behavioral intentions among targeted audiences. This unique study, represents initial investigation into inclusive advertising within the Indian context, with a specific emphasis on its capacity to foster a favourable socio-psychological change within two prominent societal groups.
Novel loci for ocular axial length identified through extreme-phenotype genome-wide association study in Chinese populations
Authors: Han Xiaotong , Pan Siyu , Liu Jialin , Ding Xiaohu , Lin Xingyan , Wang Decai , Xie Zhi , Zeng Changqing , Liu Fan , He Mingguang , Zhou Xiangtian , Liu Tianzi , Luo Lixia , Liu Yizhi 
Published: July 2023

PurposeTo investigate genetic loci associated with ocular axial length (AL) in the Chinese population.MethodsA genome-wide association study meta-analysis was conducted in totalling 2644 Chinese individuals from 3 cohorts: the Guangzhou cohort (GZ, 537 high myopes and 151 hyperopes), Wenzhou cohort (334 high myopes and 6 hyperopes) and Guangzhou Twin Eye Study (1051 participants with normally distributed AL). Functional mapping was performed to annotate the significant signals, possible tissues and cell types by integrating available multiomics data. Logistic regression models using AL-associated SNPs were constructed to predict three AL status in GZ.ResultsTwo novel loci (1q25.2FAM163Aand 7p22.2SDK1) showed genome-wide significant associations with AL, together explaining 29.63% of AL variance in GZ. The two lead SNPs improved the prediction accuracy for AL status, especially for hyperopes. The frequencies of AL decreasing (less myopic) alleles of the two SNPs were lowest in East Asians as compared with other populations (rs17370084:fEAS=0.03,fEUR=0.24,fAFR=0.05; rs73046501:fEAS=0.06,fEUR=0.07,fAFR=0.20), which was in line with the global distribution of myopia. The cerebral cortex and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons showed possible functional involvement in myopia development, and the galactose metabolic pathways were significantly enriched.ConclusionOur study identified two population-specific novel loci for AL, expanding our understanding of the genetic basis of AL and providing evidence for a role of the nervous system and glucose metabolism in myopia pathogenesis.
Identifying the need for a UK colorectal cancer screening programme for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF): 10-year retrospective review of colonoscopy and colorectal cancer outcomes at a single CF centre
Authors: Sapru Karuna , Barry Peter , Jones Andrew , Walmsley John , Iqbal Javaid , Vasant Dipesh H 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivePatients with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) have a high incidence of early colorectal cancer (CRC). In the absence of a UK CRC screening programme for pwCF, we evaluated the utility and outcomes of colonoscopy and CRC at a large UK CF centre.DesignIn a retrospective study of colonoscopy and CRC outcomes between 2010 and 2020 in pwCF aged≥30 years at a large CF centre, data were collected on colonoscopy indications and findings, polyp detection rates, bowel preparation regimens and outcomes, colonoscopy completion rates, and patient outcomes.ResultsWe identified 361 pwCF aged ≥30 years, of whom 135 were ≥40 years old. In the absence of a UK CRC screening guideline only 33 (9%)/361 pwCF aged ≥30 years (mean age: 44.8±11.0 years) had a colonoscopy between 2010 and 2020. Colonoscopy completion rate was 94.9%, with a 33% polyp detection rate, 93.8% of the polyps retrieved were premalignant. During the study period no patients developed postcolonoscopy CRC. However, of the patients aged ≥40 years who did not have a colonoscopy (111/135, 82.2%), four (3.6%) patients developed CRC and three pwCF died from complications of CRC.ConclusionIn this 10-year experience from a large CF centre, colonoscopy uptake for symptomatic indications was low, yet of high yield for premalignant lesions in pwCF >40 years. These data highlight the risk of potentially preventable, early CRC, and therefore support the need for prospective, large-scale nationwide studies which may inform the need for UK CRC screening guidelines for pwCF.
Individual and community level predictors of women’s autonomy in health care decision-making among youth in East African countries: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Teklu Rediet Eristu , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Negash Wubshet Debebe , Fetene Samrawit Mihret , Alemu Tewodros Getaneh , Eshetu Habitu Birhan , Fentie Elsa Awoke , Shewarega Ever Siyoum , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveThe autonomy of young women in healthcare decision-making has been reported to be lower, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. This study was conducted to estimate the magnitude and the factors associated with autonomy in healthcare decision-making among youth in East African countries.Design and settingA population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 11 East African countries (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Comoros, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe) conducted from 2011 to 2019.ParticipantsWeighted sample of 24 135 women aged 15–24 years.Primary outcomesHealthcare decision-making autonomy.MethodsA multi-level logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with women’s autonomy in making decisions about their healthcare. Statistical significance was determined using an adjusted OR with 95% CI at a p value less than 0.05.ResultsHealthcare decision-making autonomy among youth in East Africa was 68.37% (95% CI 68%, 70%). In a multivariable analysis older aged youths (20–24 years) (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.27; 95% CI 1.19, 1.36), youths having an occupation (AOR=1.34; 95% CI 1.25, 1.53), having employed husband (AOR=1.12 95% CI 1.00, 1.26), exposure to media (AOR=1.18 95% CI 1.08, 1.29), rich wealth index 1.18 (AOR=1.18 95% CI 1.08, 1.29), female household head, youths having secondary and higher education, youths whose husband had secondary and higher education, and country were significant predictors of healthcare decision making autonomy.ConclusionAlmost one-third of young women have no autonomy in healthcare decision-making. Older youth, being educated, having an educated husband, having an occupation, having an employed husband, exposure to media, female household head, rich wealth index and country are significant predictors for being autonomous in healthcare decision-making. Public health interventions should target uneducated and unemployed youth, poor families and those without media exposure to increase autonomy in health decisions.