bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Put Survival After Cardiothoracic Interventions in the General Population Context: A Case-Based Practical Guideline to Calculate Cumulative Matched-General-Population Survival
Authors: Wang Xu , Notenboom Maximiliaan L. , Veen Kevin M. , Grashuis Pepijn , Andrinopoulou Eleni-Rosalina , Etnel Jonathan R.G. , Bogers Ad J.J.C. , Mokhles Mostafa M. , Takkenberg Johanna J.M. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Observed patient survival after cardiothoracic interventions should ideally be placed in the context of matched-general-population survival. This study outlines several methodologies of matching general population mortality to the study sample, subsequently calculating cumulative matched-general-population survival, highlighting their respective advantages, disadvantages, and limitations.

METHODS:
A multicenter data set containing survival data after the Ross procedure was used for methodological illustration. General population mortality was extracted from country-specific life tables in the Human Mortality Database. The matched-general-population mortality, also known as background mortality, was obtained by matching general population mortality to the study sample using different matching strategies, iteratively considering median/individual age and median/individual calendar year, besides country and sex. The corresponding cumulative matched-general-population survival was calculated subsequently. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of varying patient ages on survival estimates by adding and subtracting 15 years from individual patients. A web-based Shiny Application (App) was developed to easily calculate cumulative matched-general-population survival.

RESULTS:
In total, 1431 hospital survivors from the Ross procedure from 5 countries (25.7% female; median age, 48.5 [interquartile range, 42.7–54.0] years) were included. Fifteen-year survival was 88.3% (95% CI, 85.3–90.6). Cumulative matched-general-population 15-year survival varied from 87.7% to 89.8% using the 3 methods of different complexities. For 15-year-older patients, the cumulative matched-general-population 15-year survival was 67.4%, 59.8%, and 63.2%, respectively, using the simplest to the most comprehensive matching methods; for 15-year-younger patients, it was 96.9%, 96.1%, and 96.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Different methodologies to match general population mortality to observed patient mortality yield variable estimates of cumulative matched-general-population survival, especially in older patients. The cumulative matched-general-population survival should ideally be calculated by considering country, sex, individual patient age, and calendar year (both updated annually). This method can be easily implemented using the web-based Shiny App enclosed in this article.
Time in Target Range for Blood Pressure and Adverse Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Huairong , Song Jialu , Liu Zhike , Yu Huan , Wang Kun , Qin Xueying , Wu Yiqun 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Blood pressure (BP) time in target range (TTR) reflects the proportion of time that BP measurement is within a specified target range. We aim to summarize the evidence for relationships between TTR and adverse health outcomes.

METHODS:
Seven databases were searched. After quality assessment and data extraction, meta-analyses were performed to generate pooled estimates of the association (hazard ratios) between TTR and health outcomes. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death. Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and adverse kidney events.

RESULTS:
In all, 21 studies were included, mostly rated at low risk of bias. TTR was defined by systolic BP (SBP) in 15 studies and by both SBP and diastolic BP in 6 studies. Per SD increase of TTR was associated with significantly decreased risks of all-cause mortality (110–130 mm Hg SBP TTR: hazard ratios, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.82–0.89]; 120–140 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.81 [95% CI, 0.70–0.94]; and 70–80 mm Hg diastolic BP TTR: 0.88 [95% CI, 0.83–0.93]), cardiovascular death (110–130 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.83 [95% CI, 0.78–0.87]; 120–140 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.76 [95% CI, 0.65–0.89]; and 70–80 mm Hg diastolic BP TTR: 0.85 [95% CI, 0.80–0.90]), major adverse cardiovascular events (120–140 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.76 [95% CI, 0.70–0.83]), and heart failure (110–130 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.84 [95% CI, 0.76–0.93] and 120–140 mm Hg SBP TTR: 0.78 [95% CI, 0.68–0.89]). However, there was not sufficient support for the association of TTR with myocardial infarction, stroke, atrial fibrillation, or adverse kidney events.

CONCLUSIONS:
Higher TTR was associated with reduced risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, major adverse cardiovascular events, and heart failure, highlighting the importance of sustained BP control in clinical practice.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42023486437.
System Vicarious Calibration for Climate and Global Long-Term Operational Ocean Color Applications
Authors: Zibordi Giuseppe , Johnson B. Carol , Kwiatkowska Ewa , Voss Kenneth J. , Antoine David , Barnard Andrew , Barnes Brian B. , Mélin Frédéric , Wang Menghua , Bialek Agnieszka , Bailey Sean , Chen Shuguo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
System vicarious calibration (SVC) enhances the accuracy of satellite ocean color radiometric data products by removing the bias due to the intrinsic inaccuracies affecting both the responsivity of the space sensor and the correction for the atmospheric and sea surface contributions to the measured signal. Various SVC procedures have been implemented and applied for regional studies, specific mission goals, and the most challenging quantification of global long-term climate-driven changes that require accurate and consistent data products across multiple missions. This paper summarizes the outcome of a workshop organized by the ocean color SVC task force of the International Ocean Color Coordinating Group (IOCCG) to review requirements for SVC supporting ocean color missions for climate and global long-term operational applications. The work emphasizes the essential need for long-term sustained SVC infrastructures and associated services, summarizes the primary requirements for establishing a comprehensive ocean color SVC framework, and provides directions for new investigations to tackle arising needs on SVC advancements and methods.
Investigating the role of age, admission systolic blood pressure, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in predicting left ventricular hypertrophy among patients with primary hypertension
Authors: Hu Xiaoyong , Arthur Vithran Djandan Tadum , Yang Zhaoying , Zou Ting , Tang Rui , Li Hongjian 
Published: January 2025

Objective In patients with primary hypertension (PH), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a critical predictor of cardiovascular events. We aimed to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of LVH in patients with PH. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 2321 patients with PH at the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2022 to January 2024. Patients were classified into LVH and non-LVH groups; LVH was defined as left ventricular mass index (LVMI) >115 g/m2 for men and >95 g/m2 for women. Univariate and multivariate logistic analysis were used to identify risk factors for LVH. Results Univariate analysis revealed significant differences between the LVH and non-LVH groups in age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), body mass index, serum creatinine (SCr), lymphocyte count, and hypertension duration. Multivariate analysis identified age, sex, SBP, SCr, and NLR as independent risk factors for LVH. A combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.711 (95% CI: 0.68–0.74), with 75.3% sensitivity and 59.2% specificity. Conclusion Age, sex, SBP, SCr, and NLR were independent predictors for LVH in patients with PH. Our combined diagnostic model provides valuable insight for early LVH screening, aiding timely clinical intervention.
Rare-Gas Discharge Lamps Suitable for Industrial Use
Authors: Anzai Yoshinori , Saikatsu Takeo , Yamazaki Hiroyoshi , Watanabe Keiji 
Published: January 2025

Fluorescent lamps have been widely used for many industrial applications, but they have some inevitable defects, e.g. temperature dependence, slow response time and luminous flux degeneration. In order to improve the above mentioned problems, two new kinds of low-pressure rare-gas discharge lamps, red and near-infrared emitting lamps, have been developed. These lamps show instantaneous start-up time, virtually no performance degeneration and are largely independent of temperature-induced fluctuation. These lamps have been applied to many industrial applications, for example, light sources for facsimile and optical character reader, illumination lamps for near-infrared imaging system which can pick up an object in complete darkness, and give satisfactory results. The paper describes typical characteristics and some applications of the rare-gas discharge lamps.
Threshold Concepts in Economics: A New Way to Teach the Role of Government in the Economy
Authors: Khan Danish , Sanchez June 
Published: January 2025

This article offers new insights on the issue of student-centric pedagogy. First, it underscores the significance of threshold concepts in teaching radical political economics. Second, it offers a new way to empower students by giving them a role of co-producers of knowledge in the classroom. The framing of threshold concepts is an important topic, but it has been understudied in the context of radical political economics. To initiate a dialogue on this issue, the article proposes the term “equality of opportunity” as a conceptual tool to recontextualize the significance of the role of government in the economy. We argue that the notion of equality of opportunity offers an advantageous vantage point for radical political economists to offer a holistic understanding of the dialectic of government-economy. JEL Classification: A20, A22, B0, B5, P1, P5
Effect of FFF parameters on PLA/WD composite properties: Comparative analysis using Taguchi and GRA approach
Authors: Mishra Vishal , Negi Sushant , Bharat Nikhil , Veeman Dhinakaran , Kumar Vijay 
Published: January 2025

This article explores the optimization of 3D printing parameters of PLA/wood dust (PLA/WD) composite material for enhanced physical properties, including density, surface roughness, water absorption, and Shore D hardness. The study employs a Taguchi-based L27 orthogonal array design for experimentation, with mathematical models created using grey relational analysis (GRA) to predict the material’s performance by obtaining a grey relational grade (GRG). The obtained GRG was further optimized using ANOVA. The FFF input parameters analyzed include nozzle temperature (190–200°C), layer height (0.12–0.28 mm), print speed (30–50 mm/min), infill density (80–100%), and raster angle (0–90°). The results indicate that a printing temperature of 195°C, a layer thickness of 0.12 mm, a print speed of 30 mm/sec, 100% infill density, and a raster angle of 45° yield the highest GRG, signifying the best overall performance. Furthermore, the data obtained from Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that, raster angle has the most substantial influence on physical characteristics, followed by infill %, print speed, print temperature, and layer thickness. The investigation of the sample using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed aspects of the sample morphology, including layer bonding irregularities and empty spaces, which impact the density and hardness of the material.
The usefulness of X-ray output management in general radiography systems using exposure index
Authors: Ogasawara Kazuhiro , Ohwada Shinya , Tachibana Rie , Ogasawara Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2025

Purpose The periodic quality control of X-ray devices is important for obtaining optical medical images and determining the appropriate X-ray exposure dose. Additionally, the measurement of the X-ray output is constrained by time, technical aspects, and expenses. Therefore, we investigated the usefulness of a simple method for managing X-ray output using an Exposure Index (EI). Methods The entire surface of the flat panel detector was X-ray-irradiated every Friday at the time of end-of-work inspection under the condition that the recorded EI was approximately 1000. The EI and exposure dose were measured, and the linearity and accuracy were evaluated. Results The output gradually decreased from the start of the measurements in Room 1 and stabilized after the output was adjusted. The relationship between exposure dose and EI showed high linearity, with R2 > 0.99, and the CV of EI was less than 2.41%, indicating high reproducibility. Conclusions We demonstrated that the results of constancy tests can be easily quantified using EI. The EI method can manage the X-ray output with good reproducibility.
Experimental study of extracellular vesicle-small intestine submucosa novel biological composite for urethral stricture repair and reconstruction
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhu Xiaojun , Siqin Buhe , Ren Chao , Chang Ming , Bai Ligang 
Published: January 2025

Background Urethral stricture (US) is a common condition that considerably affects patients’ quality of life. Objectives This study aimed to explore the adoption value of the extracellular vesicle (EV)- small intestinal submucosa (SIS) complex in the repair of USs. Methods EVs were extracted from healthy male New Zealand white rabbits, and SIS was prepared using peracetic acid (PAA) oxidation and decellularization. The morphology and particle size of the prepared EV-SIS complex were evaluated using electron microscopy and qNano nanoparticle analyzer, and the labeled proteins of EVs were detected using Western blot method. EV-SIS the complex was implanted in a rabbit model of US, and urodynamic parameters were assessed. Results The EV-SIS complex displayed a full morphology, intact membrane structure, and uniform particle size. The protein concentration of EVs in the complex was approximately 0.351 µg/µL, with a yield of approximately 1.86 µg/106 cells. The complex exhibited remarkable repair effects in the rabbit model of US, with bladder capacity, maximal urethral pressure, and minimal urethral pressure all markedly superior to those in the US group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The EV-SIS complex demonstrates potential clinical value in the repair of USs, improving urodynamic parameters, and offering a promising therapeutic option for patients with US.
Effects of Bhramari and Sheetali Pranayama on Cardio Respiratory Function in Post-COVID Patients: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: P Rohini , Saravanan A. , Maheshkumar K. , ThamaraiSelvi K. , Praba P. Kalyani , Prabhu Venkataraman 
Published: January 2025

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a range of long-term health issues in recovered patients, collectively known as "post-COVID syndrome." Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined pranayama techniques, specifically Sheetali and Bhramari, on pulmonary function and heart rate variability in post-COVID patients. Methods A randomised controlled trial was conducted with 90 post-COVID patients (aged 19-40). Participants were divided into three groups of 30 each: control, Bhramari Pranayama and Sheetali Pranayama. The intervention groups practiced their respective pranayama techniques for 15 minutes twice daily for 6 months. Outcome measures included Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Results At 3 months, both pranayama groups showed moderate improvements in pulmonary function and HRV compared to baseline. By 6 months, these improvements were significantly enhanced. The Bhramari group showed increased FVC from 3.2 ± 0.5 L to 3.5 ± 0.4 L at 3 months, and to 3.7 ± 0.4 L at 6 months ( P < .001). Similarly, the Sheetali group reflected improved FVC from 3.3 ± 0.4 L to 3.5 ± 0.3 L at 3 months, reaching 3.7 ± 0.3 L at 6 months ( P < .001). HRV measures showed a similar trend, with SDNN and RMSSD in the Bhramari group and Sheetali pranayama group. Conclusion This study provides novel insights into the combined effects of Bhramari and Sheetali Pranayama on post-COVID patients. The findings suggest significant improvements in respiratory function and autonomic nervous system balance.
Microbial Adaptation in Human Milk: Unraveling the Effects of Gestational Age and Lactation Stage Among Indian Mothers
Authors: Hanumantharaju Anil , Nimbalkar Somashekhar , Joshi Chaitanya , Kunjadiya Anju , Patel Axil , Patel Dipen , Raval Krutarth , Shekh Satyamitra , Dalwadi Priyanka , Pujara Reshma 
Published: January 2025

Introduction Human milk once considered sterile is a habitat for a diverse microbiome. Breast milk is vital in the formation of the newborn microbiome and affects various health outcomes. Its microbiota is influenced by mode of delivery, geographic location, mastitis, diet, obesity, and gestational age and lactation stage. Knowledge of region-wise data regarding human milk microbiome is the need of an hour. Purpose The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize breast milk microbiome and to know the effect of gestational age and lactation stage on it. Methods A prospective longitudinal study included 30 mothers, of whom 10 were of gestational age < 32 weeks, 10 between 32 and 36 6/7 weeks, and the remaining 10 above 37 weeks of gestation at the time of delivery. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for microbiome at three different time points, that is, colostrum, transition milk (7-9 days), and mature milk (after 14 days). Results 381bacterial colonies were isolated and 242 colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and cross-verified with 16s RNA sequencing, which included 38 different bacterial species. The majority of colonies (229/242) identified belonged to 4 phyla- firmicutes 119 (51.97%), proteobacteria 48 (20.96%), Bacillota 41 (17.9%), and actinobacteria 21 (9.17%). Bacterial diversity increased with gestational age and lactation stage and the proportion of actinobacteria and Bacillota increased significantly with lactation stage ( P value −.039), showing that preterm mother’s milk has a lesser quantity of beneficial bacteria. Conclusion This study provided the insight into effect of gestational age and lactation stage on breast milk microbiome. The diversity of milk microbiome increases with lactation and gestational age; however, the preterm mother’s milk lacks sufficient beneficial bacteria.
Synergistic Effects of Cordyceps militaris and Alpha-lipoic Acid on Brain Disorders Associated with Age-dependent Oxidative Stress
Authors: Kumar Harish , Bansal Seema , Chaudhary Rishabh , Dagar Wandeep , Goyal Neha , Aggarwal Khushboo , Gupta Sumeet , Choudhary Sunayna 
Published: January 2025

Background Oxidative stress is the primary factor responsible for the development of neuroinflammation and brain deficits. As aging occurs, the chances of oxidative stress increase due to lifestyle modification, environmental, and genetic factors. The brain is especially susceptible to oxidative damage because of its elevated oxygen consumption, lipid composition, and comparatively inadequate antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress associated with aging results in DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and compromised repair mechanisms. Purpose To investigate the efficacy of Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in mitigating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aged rats and to assess their potential therapeutic effects on cognitive performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and oxidative stress markers. Methods This study involved using aged rats to evaluate the impact of CME and ALA on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The rats were administered CME and ALA, and various assessments were conducted to measure cognitive performance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and oxidative stress markers. Results The administration of CME and ALA to aged rats significantly improved cognitive performance. Additionally, there were an enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activity and a reduction in oxidative stress markers. These findings indicate that both CME and ALA positively mitigate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Conclusion CME extract and ALA exhibit therapeutic potential in treating aging-related oxidative stress and inflammation. Their use could be beneficial in combating brain disorders caused by aging, highlighting their importance in the field of geriatric healthcare.
Loss Aversion and Tax Evasion: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Dhami Sanjit , Hajimoladarvish Narges , Mamidi Pavan 
Published: January 2025

We consider income-source-dependent tax evasion and show that this is a generalisation of the well-known endowment effect. We show that loss aversion, moral costs, mental accounting and risk preferences play a role in explaining key features of source-dependent tax evasion. We provide evidence of the first direct link between subject-specific loss aversion and tax evasion, which is central to most successful modern theoretical accounts of tax evasion. We provide some evidence that risk aversion strengthens the cautionary effect of loss aversion and risk loving behaviour attenuates, or reverses, it. However, the underlying effect is also influenced by the source of income. Evasion is increasing in the tax rate and decreasing in the audit penalty, as predicted. Our study provides novel theoretical insights; proposes new methods in the estimation of the underlying behavioural parameters; and confirms the central predictions of the theory, while pointing out challenges for further developments that existing theory is unable to account for. JEL: C91, C92, D82, D91, G21
Understanding influences on psychiatry specialty selection in Victoria’s Medical workforce
Authors: Roberts Monica , Chung Ru Dee , Forbes Malcolm , Hew Anthony , Aung Ar Kar , Kang Matthew 
Published: January 2025

Objective Australia faces a psychiatrist shortage, making it crucial to understand factors influencing specialty choice and workforce retention. Method An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical doctors in their prevocational and vocational stages working in Victoria, Australia. Participants were asked about various factors that influenced their choice of specialty. This study focused on those interested in or currently training in psychiatry. To explore differences in factors influencing specialty choice, prevocational doctors interested in psychiatry were compared to those undecided about their specialty. Results Of the 107 respondents, 56 expressed interest in or were training in psychiatry. The top five factors influencing psychiatry specialty choice were perceived ability, specialty culture, prior experience, work–life balance, and patient interactions. Both prevocational and vocational doctors shared similar views on these factors. Factors such as the cost of training, influence of family and friends, prestige, length of the training program, and salary were reported as less influential. Conclusions This study identified several factors that were important to junior doctors when selecting psychiatry as a specialty. Active consideration of these factors within service and training frameworks may facilitate improved junior doctor wellbeing and greater workforce retention.