bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rate of Occult Lesion Diagnosis in a Large Bell's Palsy Cohort
Authors: Kalavacherla Sandhya , Du Eric , de Cos Víctor , Meller Leo , Ostrander Benjamin , Davis Morgan , Greene Jacqueline 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesWe characterize occult lesion diagnosis rates after initial Bell's palsy diagnoses.MethodsA de‐identified database of all facial palsy patients who presented to an extensive health care system across 22 years was created using Epic SlicerDicer. Among patients with Bell's palsy diagnoses, we extracted demographic and any subsequent occult lesion diagnosis data across various clinical sites. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses comparing patients with occult lesion diagnoses made at different time points were included.ResultsAmong the total 3912 facial palsy patients, 2240 had Bell's palsy diagnoses, of which 217 (9.7%) had subsequent lesion diagnoses at a median (IQR) of 12.3 (4.2, 23.8) months, consisting of cranial nerve neoplasms (62.2%), parotid gland neoplasms (34.1%), and cholesteatomas (3.7%). Although a large proportion of total lesions were diagnosed within the first 3 months (19.8%), 69.5% were diagnosed after 6 months. There were no demographic differences among patients diagnosed with different lesion types, but Asian patients were more likely to be diagnosed with occult lesions after 12 months after Bell's palsy diagnosis compared with white patients (odds ratio = 6.2, p = 0.001).ConclusionsIn one of the largest Bell's palsy cohorts to date, we identified a 9.7% occult lesion diagnosis rate at a median of 12.3 months after Bell's palsy diagnosis. These data underscore the importance of timely workup for occult lesions in cases of facial palsy with no signs of recovery after 3–4 months.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:911–918, 2024
Competing Effects of Radio Frequency Fields on Carbon Nanotube/Resin Systems: Alignment versus Heating
Authors: Sarmah Anubhav , Mee Raymond D. , Arole Kailash , Chi David , Harkin Ethan M. , Dasari Smita Shivraj , Wright Aniela J. K. , Tran Thang Q. , Rout Ankush , Green Micah J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis work shows that radio‐frequency (RF) fields can simultaneously align carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in a resin and induce Joule heating to cure the resin. The timescales of alignment and curing using RF heating are numerically computed and compared at different field strengths in order to determine a temperature where alignment happens before the matrix crosslinks. Composites are experimentally fabricated at the desired target temperature and are optically analyzed and quantified; the CNT network is successfully aligned in the direction of the applied electric field. This methodology can be used to create composites where the local alignment can be varied across the sample. Composites fabricated using RF fields have higher electrical conductivity in the direction of the aligned CNTs than an oven‐cured, randomly aligned sample. Also, RF‐cured nanocomposites exhibit higher tensile strength and modulus in the direction of alignment compared to an oven‐cured sample. Finally, it is further demonstrated how this methodology can be coupled with a direct ink writing additive manufacturing process to induce alignment in any desired direction, even orthogonal to the shear forces in the extrusion direction.
The Volunteer State: Latinx youth and the making of membership in Nashville, Tennessee
Authors: Flores Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVolunteering has long held a vaunted position in the United States, which has only increased in the wake of welfare reform and the state's retraction from the provision of public goods. This article explores how immigrant‐origin Latinx youth in Nashville, Tennessee, who are active community volunteers, linked volunteering to moral personhood and their claims to national membership. This linkage is based on an internalized deficit perception of the Latinx immigrant person as an immoral national interloper and a concurrent stigmatization and racialization of economic need. However, youth also reframed membership and volunteering's meanings rooted in their relational commitments to each other and their undocumented peers' blocked paths to citizenship. These socially reproductive and more transformative understandings of volunteering, and their links to self‐as‐citizen, reveal the contingent value of civic engagement for immigrant‐origin Latinx youth. It also reveals their central roles in defining the parameters of membership in an era of increased nativist racism and decreased state social service provision in the United States.
Modulation of carcinogenesis with selected GRAS nutraceuticals via Keap1‐Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Nair Bhagyalakshmi , Adithya Jayaprakash K. , Chandrababu Gopika , Lakshmi P. K. , Koshy Joel Joy , Manoj Sreedharan Vilasini , Ambiliraj D. B. , Vinod Balachandran S. , Sethi Gautam , Nath Lekshmi R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKeap1‐Nrf2 is a fundamental signaling cascade known to promote or prevent carcinogenesis. Extensive studies identify the key target of modulatory aspects of Keap1‐Nrf2 signaling against cancer. Nutraceuticals are those dietary agents with many health benefits that have immense potential for cancer chemoprevention. The nutritional supplements known as nutraceuticals are found to be one of the most promising chemoprevention agents. Upon investigating the dual nature of Nrf2, it became clear that, in addition to shielding normal cells from numerous stresses, Nrf2 may also promote the growth of tumors. In the present review, we performed a systematic analysis of the role of 12 different nutraceuticals like curcumin, sulforaphane, resveratrol, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish oil, lycopene, soybean, kaempferol, allicin, thymoquinone, quercetin, gingerol, and piperine in modulating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling mechanism. Among these, 12 Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) certified nutraceuticals, sulforaphane is the most extensively studied compound in modulating Keap1‐Nrf signaling. Even though there is much evidence at preclinical levels, further high‐quality research is still required to validate the potential role of these nutraceuticals in Keap1‐Nrf2 modulation.
Scalable Synthesis of ZrO2 Nanoparticles through Imidazolic Precursor and Evaluation of its Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Raj Benjamin , Pandurangan Perumal , Basu Suddhasatwa , Sourav Smruti , Padhy Arun Kumar , Mohapatra Mamata 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, we reported the facile synthesis of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles from an imidazole based organic precursor followed by calcination of 750 °C in the thermostat. The bonding properties of the as‐synthesized nanoparticles were examined by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysed the phase formation of nanoparticles, and spherical‐shaped nanoparticles were examined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) spectroscopy. The high surface area of 65 m2 g−1 was analysed by the N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherm using a Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface analyser. The electrochemical performance, like cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanometric charging‐discharging (GCD) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were analysed. The electrochemical performances were carried out by using aqueous electrolytes of 1 M KOH. The specific capacitance was observed 246.98 F g−1. The asymmetric supercapacitor device (ASC) is fabricated using synthesized ZrO2 nanoparticles/activated charcoal (AC). The device exhibits utmost specific capacitance of 29.15 F g−1, and energy density of 13 Wh kg−1 with a power of 3201 W kg−1, respectively. The device maintains excellent coulombic efficiency, and the value is more than 98 % after the 3000 charge‐discharge cycles. The enhanced electrochemical properties of zirconium oxide are due to the high surface area and porous nature.
Sunda pangolins show inconsistent responses to disturbances across multiple scales
Authors: Nursamsi Ilyas , Amir Zachary , Decoeur Henri , Moore Jonathan H. , Luskin Matthew Scott 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPangolins are the most trafficked animals worldwide and are presumed to be restricted to pristine habitats due to poaching intensity in more accessible degraded areas or intrinsic habitat preferences. We tested the hypothesis that pangolins' could persist in degraded areas and near humans if poaching is controlled. We used occurrence records from new and published camera trapping studies from across Southeast Asia to conduct a multiscale analysis of habitat associations for the Critically Endangered Sunda pangolin, encompassing poached and non‐poached areas. Our results were highly influenced by Singapore, where pangolins are common in urban settings and there is minimal poaching. Excluding Singapore, there were no significant landscape‐level habitat associations, reflecting pangolins are habitat generalists. At local scales (including and excluding Singapore), occupancy was negatively correlated with active deforestation but not previously degraded forests. We conclude that with strong antipoaching enforcement, pangolins are unexpectedly adaptable, with Singapore exemplifying the potential for species recovery.
Analysis of the As-Cast Microstructure and Properties of the Ni-Based Superalloy MAR-M247® Produced Via Directional Solidification
Authors: Rakoczy Łukasz , Grudzień-Rakoczy Małgorzata , Cygan Rafał , Kargul Tomasz , Maj Łukasz , Zielińska-Lipiec Anna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe presented research investigates MAR-M247® Ni-based superalloy castings produced via directional solidification at various mold preheating temperatures (1510, 1566 °C) and withdrawal rates (3.4, 5.0 mm/min). Casting analyses were carried out via thermodynamic simulations, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and tensile testing. On DSC curve, four effects have been registered during cooling: liquidus (1337 °C), formation of eutectic γ − γ′ (1315 °C), precipitation of Ni7(Hf, Zr)2 (1244 °C), and M5B3 borides (1201 °C). The castings’ primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing decreases with increasing withdrawal rates for both shell mold temperatures. The dendritic regions of the castings are characterized by a relatively homogenous microstructure, consisting of γ′ precipitates surrounded by the matrix, with a mean size in the range of 0.437 to 0.481 μm, depending on the casting parameters. In the interdendritic spaces, γ − γ′ eutectic, MC carbides, M5B3, Ni7(Hf, Zr)2, and M3C2 phases were identified. The ultimate tensile strength of the produced castings was in the range of 970 to 1088 MPa.
Extracellular vesicles derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells show enhanced anti-inflammatory properties via upregulation of miRNAs after pro-inflammatory priming
Authors: Hyland Mairead , Mennan Claire , Davies Rebecca , Wilson Emma , Tonge Daniel P. , Clayton Aled , Kehoe Oksana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAutoimmune conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, are characterised by a loss of immune tolerance, whereby the immune cells attack self-antigens causing pain and inflammation. These conditions can be brought into remission using pharmaceutical treatments, but often have adverse side effects and some patients do not respond favourably to them. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UCMSCs) present a promising alternative therapeutic due to their innate anti-inflammatory properties which can be strengthened using pro-inflammatory conditions. Their therapeutic mechanism of action has been attributed to paracrine signalling, by which nanosized acellular particles called ‘extracellular vesicles’ (EVs) are one of the essential components. Therefore, this research analysed the anti-inflammatory properties of UCMSC-EVs ‘primed’ with pro-inflammatory cytokines and at baseline with no inflammatory cytokines (control). Both control and primed EVs were co-cultured with un-pooled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; n = 6) from healthy donors. Neither control nor primed EVs exerted a pro-inflammatory effect on PBMCs. Instead, the primed EVs showed the immunosuppressive potential by increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory protein FoxP3 in PBMCs. This may be attributed to the upregulated miRNAs identified in primed EVs in comparison to control EVs (miR-139-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-214-5p). These findings aid in understanding how UCMSC-EVs mediate immunosuppression and support their potential use in treating autoimmune conditions.
Graphical Abstract
SCN5A-1795insD founder variant: a unique Dutch experience spanning 7 decades
Authors: Proost Virginnio M. , van den Berg Maarten P. , Remme Carol Ann , Wilde Arthur A. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe SCN5A-1795insD founder variant is a unique SCN5A gene variant found in a large Dutch pedigree that first came to attention in the late 1950s. To date, this is still one of the largest and best described SCN5A founder families worldwide. It was the first time that a single pathogenic variant in SCN5A proved to be sufficient to cause a sodium channel overlap syndrome. Affected family members displayed features of Brugada syndrome, cardiac conduction disease and long QT syndrome type 3, thus encompassing features of both loss and gain of sodium channel function. This brief summary takes us past 70 years of clinical experience and over 2 decades of research. It is remarkable to what extent researchers and clinicians have managed to gain understanding of this complex phenotype in a relatively short time. Extensive clinical, genetic, electrophysiological and molecular studies have provided fundamental insights into SCN5A and the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5.
Exercise does not influence development of phenotype in PLN p.(Arg14del) cardiomyopathy
Authors: van Lint Freyja H. M. , Hassanzada Fahima , Verstraelen Tom E. , Wang Weijia , Bosman Laurens P. , van der Zwaag Paul A. , Oomen Toon , Calkins Hugh , Murray Brittney , Tichnell Crystal , Beuren Thais M. A. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Houweling Arjan , van den Berg Maarten P. , Wilde Arthur A. M. , James Cynthia A. , van Tintelen J. Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Endurance and frequent exercise are associated with earlier onset of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in desmosomal gene variant carriers. Individuals with the pathogenic c.40_42del; p.(Arg14del) variant in the PLN gene are frequently diagnosed with ARVC or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise in PLN p.(Arg14del) carriers.

Methods
In total, 207 adult PLN p.(Arg14del) carriers (39.1% male; mean age 53 ± 15 years) were interviewed on their regular physical activity since the age of 10 years. The association of exercise with diagnosis of ARVC, DCM, sustained VA and hospitalisation for heart failure (HF) was studied.

Results
Individuals participated in regular physical activities with a median of 1661 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) hours per year (31.9 MET-hours per week) until clinical presentation. The 50% most and least active individuals had a similar frequency of sustained VA (18.3% vs 18.4%; p = 0.974) and hospitalisation for HF (9.6% vs 8.7%; p = 0.827). There was no relationship between exercise and survival free from (incident) sustained VA (p = 0.65), hospitalisation for HF (p = 0.81), diagnosis of ARVC (p = 0.67) or DCM (p = 0.39) during follow-up. In multivariate analyses, exercise was not associated with sustained VA or HF hospitalisation during follow-up in this relatively not-active cohort.

Conclusion
There was no association between the amount of exercise and the susceptibility to develop ARVC, DCM, VA or HF in PLN p.(Arg14del) carriers. This suggested unaffected PLN p.(Arg14del) carriers can safely perform mild-moderate exercise, in contrast to desmosomal variant carriers and ARVC patients.
Individual and combined effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) with other Fusarium mycotoxins on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance and health
Authors: Koletsi Paraskevi , Wiegertjes Geert F. , Graat Elisabeth A. M. , de Kool Marijn , Lyons Philip , Schrama Johan W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study assessed whether the toxicological effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium graminearum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are altered by the co-exposure to a mixture of toxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides (FUmix). This FUmix contained fusaric acid and fumonisin B1, B2 and B3. Four diets were formulated according to a 2 × 2 factorial design: CON-CON; CON-FUmix; DON-CON; and DON-FUmix. Diets with and without DON contained on average 2700 and 0 µg/kg feed, respectively. The sum of the analysed FUmix toxins was 12,700 and 100 µg/kg feed in the diets with and without FUmix, respectively. The experiment consisted of a 6-week restrictive feeding period immediately followed by a 2-week ad libitum feeding period. Growth performance measurements were taken per feeding period. Histopathological measurements in the liver and gastrointestinal tract (pyloric caeca, midgut and hindgut) were assessed at the end of week 1 and week 6 of the restrictive feeding period and at week 8, the last day of the ad libitum feeding period. During both restrictive and ad libitum feeding, the effects of FUmix and DON on growth performance were additive (no interaction effect; p > 0.05). During the restrictive feeding period, exposure to DON (p ≤ 0.001) and FUmix (p ≤ 0.01) inhibited growth and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR). During this period, DON exposure decreased the protein (p ≤ 0.001) and energy retention (p ≤ 0.05) in the trout. During the ad libitum feeding period, FUmix affected HSI (p ≤ 0.01), while DON exposure reduced feed intake (p ≤ 0.001) and growth (p ≤ 0.001) and increased FCR (p ≤ 0.01). In general, for both liver and intestinal tissue measurements, no interaction effects between DON and FUmix were observed. In the liver, histopathological analysis revealed mild alterations, increased necrosis score by DON (p ≤ 0.01), increased glycogen vacuolization by FUmix (p ≤ 0.05) and decreased percentage of pleomorphic nuclei by FUmix (p ≤ 0.01). DON had a minor impact on the intestinal histological measurements. Over time, some of the liver (glycogen vacuolization score, pleomorphic nuclei; p ≤ 0.01) and intestinal measurements (mucosal fold and enterocyte width; p ≤ 0.01) were aggravated in fish fed the FUmix contaminated diets, with the most severe alterations being noted at week 8. Overall, the co-exposure to FUmix and DON gave rise to additive effects but showed no synergistic or antagonistic effects for the combination of DON with other Fusarium mycotoxins.
DEM study on the effect of particle shape on the shear behaviour of granular materials
Authors: Adesina Peter , O’Sullivan Catherine , Wang Teng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of particle convexity, sphericity and aspect ratio (AR) on the behaviour of sheared granular materials using two-dimensional discrete element method simulations. Isotropic, dense and loose assemblies with different particle shapes were prepared and subjected to drained shearing via biaxial compression until the critical state was reached. Macroscopic characteristics such as strength and dilatancy are presented. The factors underlying the macroscopic behaviour are then investigated by considering the coordination number, fabric anisotropy, particle moment, friction mobilisation at contacts and particle rotation. For the range of shapes considered here, the data indicate that the shear strength decreases as particle convexity and sphericity increases while the shear strength increases with increasing AR. The shear strength and convexity are weakly correlated, however a stronger correlation is observed between AR and strength. The volumetric strain at large strains tends to increase with increasing AR. There is a stronger correlation between the critical state strength and both the critical state coordination number and the critical state mechanical void ratio than there is between the critical state void ratio and the critical state strength. The contact fabric anisotropy, the magnitude of the moment transmitted by particles and the friction mobilised at the contacts are important factors underlying strength. The critical state strength increases as both the mean particle moment and the mean mobilised friction increased. Analysis of particle rotation provides insights into the response of the granular materials to shearing.
Novel C-Shaped Shape Memory Alloy Connectors for Vacuum Flanges: Modeling and Tests
Authors: Niccoli F. , Scalet G. , Giovinco V. , Garion C. , Maletta C. , Chiggiato P. , Auricchio F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShape memory alloy (SMA)-based fasteners and connectors represent a class of successful SMA components that are increasingly used especially in marine or aerospace applications. The present paper aims to investigate novel C-Shaped SMA connectors for room-temperature vacuum pipes within particle accelerators. The proposed connectors exhibit the two-way shape memory effect (TW-SME), so they can generate significant axial recovery forces and they can be dismounted by temperature variations. Proper thermo-mechanical training procedures were performed to tune the mechanical and functional response of the connectors to make them suitable for the investigated application. The thermo-mechanical and functional response of the SMA fasteners in both free and constrained recovery conditions were assessed by strain gauge and extensometer tests as well as by finite element analyses based on a constitutive model, recently developed by the authors, accounting for TW-SME and plasticity. Comparison between experimental and numerical results validates the proposed model. Moreover, results give useful, important information in terms of SMA transformation temperatures, generated recovery forces as well as shape recovery capabilities.
A Hybrid Strategy Enhanced Sub-Sampled Recursive Second Order Algorithm for Chemical Process Intelligent Identification
Authors: Wang Yaxin , Xu Baochang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe accurate dynamic model of the chemical process is an important condition for the successful implementation of advanced control in the plant. In this paper, an efficient second order algorithm for long short-term memory (LSTM) network training is proposed for chemical process intelligent identification. A novel Hessian inverse recursion method is adopted to achieve fast convergence and avoid the high-cost operation of the classic second order optimization method. Besides, more information is back propagated since the proposed method retains the real curvature information of the neural network. Considering the large amount of chemical process data, a sub-sampled recursive second order-stochastic gradient descent (SRSO-SGD) algorithm which uses sub-sampling method and hybrid strategy is proposed. The identification experiment on a delayed coker fractionator shows that the proposed sub-sampled neural network second order training algorithm has better performance than other learning algorithms in terms of model identification accuracy and convergence speed. By adopting a hybrid strategy that performing Hessian inverse estimation every 3 training epochs, the expensive Hessian inverse calculation cost in the identification process is further reduced while low training and testing errors are maintained.