bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong, Tough, and Anti‐Swelling Supramolecular Conductive Hydrogels for Amphibious Motion Sensors
Authors: Sun Zhiyuan , Dong Chao , Chen Bingda , Li Wenbo , Hu Huiyuan , Zhou Jinsheng , Li Chong , Huang Zhandong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConductive polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are widely employed in emerging flexible electronic devices because they possess both the electrical conductivity of conductors and the mechanical properties of hydrogels. However, the poor compatibility between conductive polymers and the hydrogel matrix, as well as the swelling behavior in humid environments, greatly compromises the mechanical and electrical properties of CPHs, limiting their applications in wearable electronic devices. Herein, a supramolecular strategy to develop a strong and tough CPH with excellent anti‐swelling properties by incorporating hydrogen, coordination bonds, and cation‐π interactions between a rigid conducting polymer and a soft hydrogel matrix is reported. Benefiting from the effective interactions between the polymer networks, the obtained supramolecular hydrogel has homogeneous structural integrity, exhibiting remarkable tensile strength (1.63 MPa), superior elongation at break (453%), and remarkable toughness (5.5 MJ m−3). As a strain sensor, the hydrogel possesses high electrical conductivity (2.16 S m−1), a wide strain linear detection range (0–400%), and excellent sensitivity (gauge factor = 4.1), sufficient to monitor human activities with different strain windows. Furthermore, this hydrogel with high swelling resistance has been successfully applied to underwater sensors for monitoring frog swimming and underwater communication. These results reveal new possibilities for amphibious applications of wearable sensors.
Chemical Modulation of Metal–Insulator Transition toward Multifunctional Applications in Vanadium Dioxide Nanostructures
Authors: Li Zejun , Zhang Zhi , Zhou Xiaoli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe metal–insulator transition (MIT) of vanadium dioxide (VO2) has been of great interest in materials science for both fundamental understanding of strongly correlated physics and a wide range of applications in optics, thermotics, spintronics, and electronics. Due to the merits of chemical interaction with accessibility, versatility, and tunability, chemical modification provides a new perspective to regulate the MIT of VO2, endowing VO2 with exciting properties and improved functionalities. In the past few years, plenty of efforts have been devoted to exploring innovative chemical approaches for the synthesis and MIT modulation of VO2 nanostructures, greatly contributing to the understanding of electronic correlations and development of MIT‐driven functionalities. Here, this comprehensive review summarizes the recent achievements in chemical synthesis of VO2 and its MIT modulation involving hydrogen incorporation, composition engineering, surface modification, and electrochemical gating. The newly appearing phenomena, mechanism of electronic correlation, and structural instability are discussed. Furthermore, progresses related to MIT‐driven applications are presented, such as the smart window, optoelectronic detector, thermal microactuator, thermal radiation coating, spintronic device, memristive, and neuromorphic device. Finally, the challenges and prospects in future research of chemical modulation and functional applications of VO2 MIT are also provided.
Maturity model for secure software testing
Authors: Alam Gulzar , Mahmood Sajjad , Alshayeb Mohammad , Niazi Mahmood , Zafar Saad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSecurity is an essential attribute of high‐quality software. However, effectively incorporating security practices into different phases of the software development life cycle (SDLC) remains challenging. Owing to less mature secure testing processes, organizations are prone to ineffective testing practices for defect detection, including severe security‐related failures. Thus, in this study, we present a maturity model for secure software testing (MMSST) to assist software development organizations in improving the secure testing of software applications. We conducted a multivocal literature review and identified 68 primary studies from the formal and gray literature. Then, based on the available evidence, 27 process areas were identified to develop the proposed MMSST. The MMSST includes five main categories: governance, contrive and design, execution, deployment and configuration, and mature. The MMSST was subsequently evaluated using case studies related to practical environments. Results demonstrate that the proposed MMSST is useful for estimating the maturity level of an organization with respect to the secure testing phase of the SDLC. The participants of the case studies also agreed that the proposed MMSST is useful in terms of structure, user satisfaction, and ease of use. We believe that the proposed MMSST can help organizations evaluate and improve software security testing practices. In addition, the proposed MMSST is expected to provide researchers and industry practitioners with an effective foundation for developing new secure testing approaches and tools.
Project schedule contingency planning: Building on von Bertalanffy's open systems theory and critical systems practice
Authors: Zarghami Seyed Ashkan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe research on project schedule contingency suffers from three major shortcomings: (1) it only partly reflects the complexity arising from the high interdependencies among project activities; (2) it is predicated on the idea of closed systems and thus does not address the interaction between a project and its environment; and (3) it does not sufficiently inform industry practices. This paper addresses these gaps by conceptually and analytically linking von Bertalanffy's open systems theory and critical systems practice (CSP) to schedule contingency planning. It focuses on buffer management as a common approach to schedule contingency planning and accordingly develops a method to determine the size of time buffers based on the three foundational dimensions of open systems theory. Further, this research provides guidelines to explain how the simultaneous pursuit of the four stages of CSP can assist project managers and decision‐makers in responding to disruptive events.
Boosting the efficiency of quantum dot–sensitized solar cells over 15% through light‐harvesting enhancement
Authors: Song Han , Mu Haoran , Yuan Jian , Liu Baiquan , Bai Gongxun , Lin Shenghuang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow to improve the capacity of light‐harvesting is still an important point and essential strategy for the assembling of high‐efficiency quantum dot–sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). A believable approach is to implant new light absorption materials into QDSCs to stimulate the charge transfer. Herein, the few‐layer black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are synthesized by electrochemical intercalation technology using bulk BP as source. Then the obtained BPQDs are deposited onto the surface of Zn–Cu–In–S–Se (ZCISSe) QD‐sensitized TiO2 substrate to serve as another light‐harvesting material for the first time. The experimental results have shown that BPQDs can not only increase the absorption intensity by photoanode but also reduce unnecessary charge recombination processes at the interface of photoanode/electrolyte. Through optimizing the size and deposition process of BPQDs, the champion power conversion efficiency of ZCISSe QDSCs is increased to 15.66% (26.88 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.816 V, fill factor [FF] = 0.714) when compared with the original value of 14.11% (Jsc = 25.41 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.779 V, FF = 0.713).
Optimal verification strategy for general development plans using a belief‐based approach
Authors: Kulkarni Aditya U. , Girod Ashley , Xu Peng , Salado Alejandro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVerification activities are intended to reduce the costs of system development by identifying design errors before deploying the system. However, subcontractors in multi‐firm projects are motivated to implement locally cost‐effective verification strategies over verification strategies that benefit the main contractor. Incentivizing verification activities is one mechanism by which the contractor can motivate subcontractors to implement verification strategies desirable to the contractor. In this paper, we present a belief‐based modeling concept for determining optimal verification strategies for general development plans. The results show that the optimal incentives are a function of the subordinate firm's beliefs and the influence exerted by the subordinate firm on the supervising firm with respect to verification activities.
Surface Modification on Nickel Rich Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Cells: A Mini Review
Authors: Akhilash M. , Salini P. S. , John Bibin , Sujatha S. , Mercy T. D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNickel‐rich (Ni‐rich) layered oxides are considered as the most promising cathode candidates for lithium‐ion cells owing to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, the higher nickel content endows structural deformation through unwanted phase transitions and parasitic side reactions that lead to capacity fading upon prolonged cycling. Hence, a deep understanding of the chemistry and structural behaviour is essential for developing Ni‐rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese oxide (NCM) cathode‐based high‐energy batteries. The present review focuses on the different challenges associated with Ni‐rich NCM materials and surface modification as a strategy to solve the issues associated with NCM materials, assessment of several coating materials, and the recent developments in the surface modification of Ni‐rich NCMs, with an in‐depth discussion on the impact of coating on the degradation mechanism.
Spatial distribution of microplastics ingested by Holothuria atra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in the tourism and marine mariculture development zone, Karimunjawa, Indonesia
Authors: Sulardiono Bambang , Rahman Arif , Ismanto Aris , Siagian Hendry , Hartati Sri Turni , Safinatunnajah Novia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHolothuria atra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) is a type of invertebrate animal that lives on the bottom of the rocky coast and has the potential as a nutritious food raw material for humans and pharmaceutical raw materials. The study aims to determine the microplastic types, microplastic functional groups and simulate the distribution pattern of ingested microplastics in the digestive system of H. atra based on hydrodynamic activity. Microplastic separation was conducted by extraction using the flotation method based on predetermined criteria. Functional group test of microplastic polymers ingested in intestines of sea cucumbers using FT‐IR (Frontier Transform Infrared‐Spectroscopy) Analysis. Hydrodynamic modeling analysis used secondary data: bathymetric, currents, wind direction, and tidal prediction data. The results of sampling of H. atra sea cucumbers at four observation locations, where ten individual sea cucumbers were taken from each location, showed that microplastic waste exposed in the intestines of sea cucumbers obtained an average value of 14,166 individuals‐1, with a particle length range of 0.214–3.978 mm. The highest abundance was from the type of fiber, followed by fragments, pellets, and films. FTIR test results indicate the presence of several functional microplastic groups that are digested in the intestine, including polyamide (PA)/nylon‐6, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). The movement of currents carrying microplastic waste particles is dominated to the west and south of Karimunjawa Island, potentially endangering the habitats of sea cucumbers and other animals in the waters of the surrounding small islands. It is recommended that stakeholders establish plastic waste protocols, waste facilities and treatment, and strict supervision of tourists entering the Karimunjawa tourism environment.
Understanding water security as an agenda of critical environmental justice (CEJ)
Authors: Pokharel Kushal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe limitations of existing institutional and social structures and their discrete approaches to water management call for a holistic, trans‐disciplinary, and multi‐stakeholder approach to addressing water security concerns with a focus on water equity and justice. The need for forging partnerships and strengthening positive and meaningful cooperation among water, sanitation, and broader development communities operating across different levels and scales has been gaining greater currency in global water debates. In this scenario, emerging critical environmental justice (CEJ) scholarship has a focus on recognizing and analyzing the contextual/historical dimensions that are often mutually reinforcing, inseparable, and multiple oppressive structures that intersect to perpetuate marginalization at the cost of privileging powerful actors. Integration of the environmental justice concerns into the development plans, and plans would pave the way for improved interactions and synergies among water‐based institutions and communities affected by them. It is urgent to deepen the discourses and deliberations on CEJ directed towards addressing systemic inequalities and injustices prevalent in water security by putting “people before profit.”
Cytotoxic Activities of Half‐sandwich M(III) Complexes (M=Rh, Ir) Bearing Chloro‐substituted Bidentate‐coordinated Phenanthroline or Terpyridine Ligands
Authors: Graf Marion , Ochs Jasmine , Metzler‐Nolte Nils , Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Mayer Peter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of four compounds [M(η5‐C5Me5)(N^N)Cl]PF6 [N^N=4,7‐dichloro‐1,10‐phenanthroline with M=Rh, 1, and M=Ir, 2, and N^N=4'‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2,2':6',2''‐terpyridine in the κ2N,N'‐coordination mode with M=Rh, 3, and M=Ir, 4] are described. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic means and their molecular structures in the crystal were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated by MTT assay against the three cancer cell lines HeLa (cervical carcinoma), HT‐29 (colon adenocarcinoma) and MCF‐7 (human breast adenocarcinoma). The complexes 3 and 4 display promising activity with IC50 values of 1 μM. The rhodium(III) complex 1 also shows highly improved cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin against the cancer cell lines HT‐29 and MCF‐7. In contrast to this, the iridium(III) complex 2 is even less active against the HeLa cell line than cisplatin.
Post-pandemic Challenges. The Role of Local Governance for Territorial Resilience
Authors: Brunetta Grazia , Voghera Angioletta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to provide researchers different interpretative keys of the book, which attempt to propose methodologies, tools, and case studies to put resilience into action in post-pandemic territories by planning and design at different scales. The chapter opens the discussion by presenting diverse and interdisciplinary contributions of which the research is composed; it discusses key topics with reference to the transformative resilience, and referring to methodologies and tools for interpreting territories, and focusing on the role of planning, as well as attempting to describe through practices the operational concept of the Local Resilience Unit.
From Knowledge to Land-Use Planning: Local Resilient Experience in the Territory of the Municipality of Mappano
Authors: La Riccia Luigi , Voghera Angioletta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe chapter illustrates the result of the analysis on the municipality of Mappano, located in northern Turin (Italy). The studies were carried out as part of the collaboration between the Municipality of Mappano and the Inter-University Department of Territorial and Urban Studies and Planning (DIST) of the Politecnico di Torino, for the preparation of the first Municipal Urban Plan. The main goal was to contribute to this local planning tool by introducing innovative analyses, descriptions and elaborations which were useful in structuring planning choices. In particular, various data sources were systematized, integrated and coordinated to represent the territory from the point of view of both environmental phenomena and landscape in order to provide sustainability and resilience.
The 3D Metric Survey for the Digital Cartographic Production to Support the Knowledge of the New Municipality of Mappano
Authors: Beani Egle , Colucci Elisabetta , La Riccia Luigi , Lingua Andrea Maria , Maschio Paolo Felice , Matrone Francesca , Possa Alberto , Traore Ammj 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe complexity of the territories and cities is the genesis of the need to carry out spatial analyses, simulations of complex phenomena and urban planning, requiring an evolution of very large-scale numerical cartography. The representation of cities has not to ignore some essential aspects as well as: the three-dimensionality of the land and all its natural and artificial objects, the multi-scale of geometric and descriptive information to allow different levels of detail and granularity according to the operational purposes, and the interoperability, which enable sharing of map data among various stakeholders and applications for complex analysis. The outcome resulted in the evolution of traditional cartography into numerical cartography toward new instruments and applications such as digital twins. They constitute a virtual replica of physical, potential, and actual resources equivalent to objects, processes, people, places, infrastructures, systems, and devices related to the city and the territory. The case study selected for this research is the recent municipality of Mappano, in the metropolitan city of Turin. The methodology consists of a semiautomatic extraction of cartographic information and geometry essential for defining a digital twin. It has been developed investigating the existing Piedmontese regional geoportal (BDTRE) datasets and data models, and the Geographic Information System (GIS) standard specification for 3D city models, CityGML, mainly considering the first three levels of detail (LoD). The methodology and the resulting spatial data application have been validated by in-loco surveys and digital tools in GIS environment. The starting base map entities derived from a high-resolution acquisition from drone photogrammetry (UAV, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, platforms have been adopted). The outputs of the aerial survey, orthophotos, and dense altimetric models (DTM, Digital Terrain Model and DSM, Digital Surface Model) were essential to extract various cartographic information.
Final Remarks on the Implementation of the Post-pandemic City and the Role of Technology
Authors: Lombardi Patrizia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis final chapter of the book highlights some major results of the Post Un-Lock research project conducted inside the SDG11Lab and the Responsible Risk Resilience Center of the Politecnico di Torino with the collaboration of the Medical Statistics and Epidemiology Department of the University of Turin. In particular, it discusses the concepts of proximity and Local Resilience Units in connection with the well-known “15-city” paradigm. This model requires the adoption of new urban and ecosystem criteria as well as advanced technological support systems for post-pandemic public and private urban space planning and management. The conclusions point out to the need for education and appropriate digital skills in order to be able to integrate ecological principles in the design and management of urban areas with the support of high-tech systems.
Large gauge effects and the structure of amplitudes
Authors: Cristofoli Andrea , Elkhidir Asaad , Ilderton Anton , O’Connell Donal 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We show that large gauge transformations modify the structure of momentum conservation leading to non-vanishing three-point amplitudes in a simple toy model of a gravitational wave event. This phenomenon resolves an apparent tension between perturbative scattering amplitude computations and exact methods in field theory. The tension is resolved to all orders of perturbation theory once large gauge effects are included via a modified LSZ prescription; if they are omitted, perturbative methods only recover a subset of terms in the full non-perturbative expression. Although our results are derived in the context of specific examples, several aspects of our work have analogues in dynamical gravitational scattering processes.
(p − 1)-bracket for Dp-branes in large R-R field background
Authors: Ma Chen-Te 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The volume-preserving diffeomorphism is a key feature that characterizes the large constant R-R (p − 1)-form field background in a Dp-brane theory. It represents a symmetry of the theory that preserves the volume of space. To describe this symmetry, we introduce the concept of the (p − 1)-bracket, which generates the volume-preserving diffeomorphism. The (p − 1)-bracket is a mathematical operation that acts on (p − 1)-forms and encodes the transformation of the background field under the symmetry. To generalize the (p − 1)-bracket, we can apply it to the non-Abelian one-form gauge field, which is relevant in gauge theories with non-Abelian gauge groups. This allows us to extend the concept of volume-preserving diffeomorphism and its associated symmetry to non-Abelian gauge theories. When considering D-branes and T-duality, we introduce the transverse coordinates of the branes. T-duality is a symmetry transformation that relates String Theory compactified on different backgrounds. It exchanges the momentum and winding modes of strings and leads to an equivalence between theories with different numbers of dimensions. By incorporating T-duality and the generalized bracket, a general expression for the action in Dp-branes can be derived when p ≤ 6. This result connects the existing construction of Dp-branes with our generalized bracket, illustrating the relationship between the symmetry and its associated transformations and the dynamics of the branes. In addition, we can discuss the non-Abelianization of the (p − 2)-form gauge potential. This process involves generalizing the concept of non-Abelian gauge fields to higher-form gauge potentials. By extending the Lagrangian description of a single D-brane to multiple D-branes, a similar Lagrangian description can be established for both cases, highlighting the common underlying structure and symmetry properties. Our developments demonstrate the interplay between symmetries, gauge fields, and D-brane dynamics, providing a deeper understanding of the underlying principles within D-branes.
IceCube and the origin of ANITA-IV events
Authors: Bertólez-Martínez Toni , Argüelles Carlos A. , Esteban Ivan , Lopez-Pavon Jacobo , Martinez-Soler Ivan , Salvado Jordi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recently, the ANITA collaboration announced the detection of new, unsettling upgoing Ultra-High-Energy (UHE) events. Understanding their origin is pressing to ensure success of the incoming UHE neutrino program. In this work, we study their internal consistency and the implications of the lack of similar events in IceCube. We introduce a generic, simple parametrization to study the compatibility between these two observatories in Standard Model-like and Beyond Standard Model scenarios: an incoming flux of particles that interact with Earth nucleons with cross section σ, producing particle showers along with long-lived particles that decay with lifetime τ and generate a shower that explains ANITA observations. We find that the ANITA angular distribution imposes significant constraints, and when including null observations from IceCube only τ ~ 10−3–10−2 s and σ ~ 10−33– 10−32 cm2 can explain the data. This hypothesis is testable with future IceCube data. Finally, we discuss a specific model that can realize this scenario. Our analysis highlights the importance of simultaneous observations by high-energy optical neutrino telescopes and new UHE radio detectors to uncover cosmogenic neutrinos or discover new physics.