bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die deutsche Justiz im „Endkampf“: (Personelle) Kontinuität nach Kriegsende oder Stillstand nationalsozialistischer „Rechtspflege“ und nachfolgender Neuanfang?
Authors: Sangmeister Bernd 
Published: August 2023

Der Beitrag ist eine – ausführliche – Rezension der juristischen Habilitationsschrift von Benjamin Lahusen: „Der Dienstbetrieb ist nicht gestört“ - “Die Deutschen und ihre Justiz 1943 – 1945". Ausgehend von der These eines auch durch den Zusammenbruch von 1945 nicht gestörten Dienstbetriebes schildert Lahusen einleitend die „außerordentliche Normalität" der deutschen Justiz im von Goebbels 1943 ausgerufenen "totalen Krieg". Das erste Kapitel ist dann u. a. der Dogmatik des "Iustitiums" gewidmet, also des Stillstands (auch) der Rechts-"Pflege", dessen Ausrufung es im Endkampf aus politischen Gründen zu vermeiden galt. Im anschließenden Abschnitt folgt der Autor im Rahmen einer Montage den "Spuren der deutschen Seele", und zwar mit der Schilderung des allgemeinen, (auch juristisch banalen) Alltags, und zwar am Beispiel einer fiktiven, "im Schatten des deutschen Waldes" gelegenen Kleinstadt. Kontrastiert wird diese Darstellung mit dem Ergebnis von Lahusens Recherchen zum Amtsgericht Auschwitz und dessen für die IG Farben geführten Grundbücher – aus historischer Sicht wohl der Höhepunkt des Werkes: der Leser schaut in bisher nicht bekannte Abgründe einer unmenschlichen, von "Vernichtung durch Arbeit" geprägten Willkürherrschaft. Kaum weniger bedeutsam – die Schilderung der Karriere eines heute weitgehend vergessenen Aachener Richters: Durch und durch Opportunist gelang ihm als ehemaligem („Hin-„) Richter eines "fliegenden Sondergerichts" nach 1945 mühelos der Weg zurück in die neue juristische Normalität. "Der Jurist kann sich (eben) leichter umstellen als jeder andere" (Lahusen). Seine detaillierten Darstellungen zu den Jahren 1943 – 1945 münden schließlich im "Flußbett eines immer schneller dem Abgrund (also dem Zusammenbruch) zueilenden, alles mit sich reißenden Stromes". Vor dem Hintergrund der Kapitulation vom Mai 1945 geht Lahusen schließlich der Frage nach, ob es (erst) mit ihr zu einem Stillstand der Rechtspflege gekommen war und welche Versuche die Justiz danach unternahm, den Krieg "aus der Rechtsordnung" zu verbannen und zur „Normalität“ zurückzukehren. Die Arbeit Lahusens beruht auf eingehenden und erkennbar sorgfältigen Archivrecherchen. Ihr Schwerpunkt ist weniger die juristische Problematik einer Unterbrechung der Rechtsprechung durch Krieg (vgl. § 245 ZPO), sondern ein historischer Überblick über den „ungestörten" Dienstbetrieb der Justiz in jenen Jahren der "Zeitenwende" bzw. "Wende-Zeit". Für den Rezensenten war die Arbeit Lahusens u. a. Anlass, deren juristische Aspekte zu vertiefen; er geht hier deutlich über die übliche Aufgabe einer Rezension hinaus. Dies gilt z B für die auch von Lahusen angesprochene Frage der Kontinuitäten der deutschen Justiz über 1945 hinaus. Abgeschlossen wird der Beitrag mit dem Versuch einer Würdigung der Arbeit Lahusens.
STUDI ANALITIS AYAT-AYAT QITAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF TAFSIR KONTEMPORER
Authors: Adnan Sholihin 
Published: August 2023

This research is a Library Research study, which examines "Analytical Studies of Qital Verses
from the Perspective of Contemporary interpretation". Qital is often misunderstood by some
parties, it may be influenced by a wrong reading of religious texts or a wrong perception of the
history of the practice of itself. The dynamics of the practice of qital can also be influenced by
socio-political factors faced by every Muslim in every situation and condition. Soin what context
is qital carried out. The purpose of this study is to find out explicitly the meaning ofqital in the
perspective of contemporary interpretation. This study is very necessary in order to reduce
radical ideas in society.
IMPLEMENTASI KETAHANAN PANGAN TINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI BELU NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR DENGAN FOKUS PERIKANAN TANGKAP
Authors: Pramudya Herning , Ratni Dapawole Rani 
Published: August 2023

The achievement of family food security shows their welfare towards food security at large, at
the province and locally. The breadth of food and energy yields. Utilization is a significant
marker in determining family food security. The condition of East Nusa Tenggara Province
which is a 3T area is one of the right factors to see food security at the household level. Belu is
one of the areas used as research, where Belu Regency is directly adjacent to the State of Timor
Leste. From the results of research on marine coastal areas and fishing commodities, it shows
that the condition of food security at the household level is fulfilled. In the household itself, it is
only necessary to increase insight into human resources to show existing needs. And the aspect
of capture fisheries is also one of the supporters of this food security.
KAJIAN YURIDIS BATASAN DOKTER DALAM MELAKUKAN TINDAKAN MEDIS YANG BUKAN KEWENANGANNYA DI TINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NO.29 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PRAKTEK KEDOKTERAN
Authors: Sutrisno Alfred , Rizkia Nanda Dwi , Fardiansyah Hardi 
Published: August 2023

A doctor is required to carry out his obligations and be responsible for every effort in medical action against patients. However, some doctor's mistakes occur due to negligence or negligence. Errors or omissions made by doctors when treating patients are known in medical science as Medical Malpractice. Errors or omissions that cause harm to the patient. The relationship between doctor and patient seen from the perspective of civil law is an engagement relationship that originates from agreements and laws, where the relationship between the health service provider (medical service) as a medical action and the recipient of health services, namely the patient. The method used in this research is normative juridical research method. With a legal approach, a case approach and a conceptual approach. Data collection techniques with library data and laws and regulations. The results of the research limit doctors are allowed to take medical actions that are not within their competence, the medical profession must first have STR and SIP as stipulated in Article 29, Article 36, Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practitioners, doctors are not allowed to take medical action those who are not competent as long as they do not have a competency certificate for the recognition of what they have obtained during the educational process, and receive additional training to obtain these competencies, and carry out the referral process if they are unable to carry out patient examination and treatment. second, the settlement process is carried out first to MKDKI to determine violations of medical disciplines and forward to MKEK to determine ethical violations and impose ethical sanctions, Article 29 of Law Number 36 of 2014 Concerning Health, provides an alternative settlement through mediation, and if it is suspected of committing a crime the crime is forwarded to the competent authorities Article 66 paragraph (3) of Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practitioners. Therefore, doctors must always be guided by professional standards and standard operating procedures in carrying out medical practices.
An Examination of WHOOP Fitness Bands in College Athletics
Authors: Romano Victor , Etim-Andy Miracle 
Published: August 2023

Wearable technology is novice and beneficial in its ability to retrieve real-time data with minimal hindrance to the performance and mobility of its users. WHOOP fitness band capture physiological metrics and turns them into three metrics: strain, sleep, and recovery. These metrics allow for personalized and monitoring of training metrics to help guide workload. WHOOP bands were distributed to 56 division II collegiate athletes participating in three sports: softball (15), women's lacrosse (15), and baseball (25). Women’s Lacrosse indicated a negative correlation between the hours of sleep players received the day before a game and their respiratory rate during their game (r = -0.55) and a positive correlation between the hours of exercise the day before a game and the respiratory between hours of sleep the day before and respiratory rate the day of the game (r = -0.46) and a moderate negative correlation between hours of exercise the day before a game and the respiratory rate the day of the game (r = -0.55). Baseball showed indicated a negative correlation between sleep quality the night before the game and duration of exercise the day of the game (r = -0.61). In our examination of performance metrics for three Division II athletic teams using WHOOP fitness strap, it was found that variables differed between teams. Coaches can use WHOOP fitness bands to assist in training and recovering by monitoring pre-game training load, intensity, and sleep.
New Technology in Embryo Manipulations «Nano-Materials»
Authors: Turhan Aslıhan , Turhan Ahmet Bülent 
Published: August 2023

Embryo manipulations have experienced significant increases in recent years. This has led to the development of new methods for the creation of reproductive technologies. When it comes to changing the genetic material of embryonic beings in multiple species– humans especially– there's a particular term involved. It's called nanotechnology and it's quickly becoming an ultra-important area of study. The medical, electricity and energy industries all stand to benefit from its broad range of applications. That's because this revolutionary process involves manipulating materials in a super small size. It involves altering materials at the nanoscale. Nanotechnology offers a range of uses in numerous sectors like medical electronics and energy. In medicine, nanotechnology has led to significant advances in the delivery of drug imaging and diagnosis. Besides, it has facilitated the manipulation of embryos in a new manner. The utilization of nanomaterials in embryo manipulations has the benefit of increasing embryo implantation rates through assisted reproductive technology (ART) and the implantation rates of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Another advantage of using nanomaterials in embryo modification is that genetic abnormalities are reduced. Other than that the relevance of nanoparticles has led to new potential in the field of artificial insemination. This book explains the most recent breakthroughs in the modification of human and animal embryos as well as the numerous types of nanoparticles and the benefits of their use in the process. Additionally, the book discusses the applications of nanoparticles in IVF and gene editing. This book also discusses ethical concerns issues and limitations of the new technology it also highlights the potential impact on the field of reproductive medicine.
การเตรียมคอมพอสิตระดับนาโนเมตรของยางธรรมชาติ/มีโซพอรัสซิลิกาดัดแปรด้วยเอมีน
Authors:   , อยู่สถิตย์ สาธิต 
Published: August 2023

ในงานวิจัยนี้มีโซพอรัสซิลิกา (HMS-NH2) และคอมพอสิตของยางธรรมชาติ/มีโซพอรัสซิลิกา (NR/HMS-NH2) ที่ผ่านการดัดแปรพื้นผิวด้วยหมู่เอมีนถูกสังเคราะห์ผ่านวิธีการควบแน่นร่วมด้วยวิธีโซล-เจลในภาวะที่เป็นกลางโดยใช้ เตตระเอทิลออโธซิลิเกต (TEOS) เป็นสารตั้งต้นซิลิกา เตตระไฮโดรฟิวแรน (THF) เป็นตัวทำละลายอินทรีย์เพื่อควบคุมอันตรกิริยาและปฏิกิริยาโซล-เจลของสารตั้งต้นซิลิกาและอะมิโนไซเลน โดเดซิลเอมีน (DDA) เป็นสารกำหนดโครงสร้าง และใช้ 3-อะมิโนโพรพิลเมทอกซีไซเลน (APS) 3-(2-อะมิโนเอทิลอะมิโน)โพรพิลไตรเมทอกซีไซเลน (AEA) และ 3-[2-(2-อะมิโนเอทิลอะมิโน)เอทิลอะมิโน]โพรพิลไตรเมทอกซีไซเลน (AEEA) เป็นอะมิโนไซเลน ทำการศึกษาอุณหภูมิในการบ่ม เวลาในการบ่ม ชนิดของอะมิโนไซเลน และอัตราส่วนโดยโมลของอะมิโนไซเลน โดยใช้เทคนิควิเคราะห์ต่างๆ จากการทดลองพบว่า วัสดุมีโซพอรัสซิลิกาและคอมพอสิตของยางธรรมชาติ/มีโซพอรัสซิลิกาที่ผ่านการดัดแปรพื้นผิวด้วยหมู่เอมีนที่เตรียมได้นั้นมีอัตราส่วนของ APS สูงสุดถึงร้อยละ 15 หรือสามารถดัดแปรด้วย AEEA โดยยังมีโครงสร้างเป็นมีโซพอรัสแบบเฮกซะโกนัล วัสดุ HMS-NH2 ที่เตรียมได้มีปริมาณหมู่เอมีนในโครงสร้างในช่วง 0.72-2.16 มิลลิโมล กรัม-1 มีพื้นที่ผิวจำเพาะ (272-627 ตารางเมตร กรัม-1) และปริมาตรรูพรุนที่สูง (0.48-1.92 ตารางเมตร กรัม-1) นอกจากนี้วัสดุ NR/HMS-NH2 ที่เตรียมได้มีปริมาณหมู่เอมีนในโครงสร้างในช่วง 0.43-1.84 มิลลิโมล กรัม-1 มีพื้นที่ผิวจำเพาะ (115-492 ตารางเมตร กรัม-1) และปริมาตรรูพรุนที่สูง (0.14-1.34 ตารางเมตร กรัม-1) และยังส่งผลให้พื้นผิวของวัสดุมีสภาพชอบน้ำลดลงซึ่งสามารถยืนยันได้โดยใช้เทคนิคการวัดมุมสัมผัส
การใช้ไคโทซานเป็นสารคีเลตในการฟอกเยื่อยูคาลิปตัสด้วยไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์
Authors:   , เตชะบุญญะ พรพรรณ 
Published: August 2023

งานวิจัยนี้มีจุดประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลของไคโทซาน ดีทีพีเอ และอีดีทีเอต่อสมบัติของเยื่อและกระดาษที่ผ่านการฟอกเยื่อยูคาลิปตัสด้วยไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ โดยกำหนดสภาวะการฟอกเยื่อ คือ ความเข้มข้นเยื่อที่ร้อยละ 15 ของน้ำหนักเยื่อแห้ง ช่วงความเป็นกรดด่างถูกควบคุมให้คงที่ที่ 10.5 ± 0.2 อุณหภูมิขณะฟอกเยื่อ 75 ± 5 องศาเซลเซียส ระยะเวลาการฟอก 120 นาที โดยฟอกเยื่อด้วยปริมาณไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ที่ระดับความเข้มข้นร้อยละ 0 10 20 และ 30 ของน้ำหนักเยื่อแห้ง ตามลำดับ จากการทดลองพบว่า ในการฟอกเยื่อเมื่อใช้ไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ที่ความเข้มข้นร้อยละ 30 ของน้ำหนักเยื่อแห้ง จะให้ปริมาณไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ที่เหลือสูงสุดและเยื่อที่ผ่านการฟอกแล้วจะให้ค่าความสว่างสูงสุด ในส่วนการศึกษาผลของสารคงตัว เมื่อมีไอออนสังกะสีที่ระดับความเข้มข้น 1,500 พีพีเอ็ม โดยเติมโซเดียมซิลิเกตและแมกนีเซียมซัลเฟตเป็นสารคงตัวที่ระดับความเข้มข้นร้อยละ 2 ของน้ำหนักเยื่อแห้ง จากการทดลองพบว่าโซเดียมซิลิเกตจะมีปริมาณไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์เหลืออยู่มากกว่า ให้สมบัติเชิงแสงสูงกว่า ค่าคัปปานัมเบอร์ต่ำกว่า รวมถึงให้สมบัติความแข็งแรงและปริมาณเซลลูโลสสูงกว่าเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับแมกนีเซียมซัลเฟต จึงเลือกใช้โซเดียมซิลิเกตเป็นสารคงตัว และในการศึกษาผลของไคโทซาน ดีทีพีเอ และอีดีทีเอที่ระดับความเข้มข้นร้อยละ 1 2 และ 3 ของน้ำหนักเยื่อแห้ง จากการทดลองพบว่าเมื่อเติมไคโทซาน ดีทีพีเอ และอีดีทีเอที่ความเข้มข้นสูงขึ้น ส่งผลให้มีปริมาณไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ที่เหลือ สมบัติเชิงแสง และสมบัติความแข็งแรงเพิ่มขึ้น ในขณะที่ปริมาณไอออนสังกะสีที่เหลือหลังจากฟอกเยื่อลดลง ซึ่งการเติมไคโทซานจะเหลือปริมาณไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ สมบัติเชิงแสงและสมบัติความแข็งแรงสูงกว่าดีทีพีเอและอีดีทีเอ ตามลำดับ โดยผลของการใช้ไคโทซานที่ระดับความเข้มข้นร้อยละ 3 ของน้ำหนักเยื่อแห้งให้ผลดีที่สุด ดังนั้นไคโทซานจึงเป็นสารคีเลตที่มีศักยภาพตัวหนึ่งเช่นกัน
Disfunción hipofisaria post traumatismo encefalocraneano
Authors: Mariela Luna , Nicole Lemaitre , Liz Ruiz , Ulloque Caamaño Liezel , Cano Rocío Reyes , Funes Tomas , Campero Álvaro 
Published: August 2023

Introducción. El hipopituitarismo debe detectarse precozmente en pacientes con TEC por la alta morbi-mortalidad asociada. Objetivo. Analizar la disfunción hormonal hipofisaria post-TEC y la relación entre su gravedad y las alteraciones hormonales encontradas. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional prospectivo, 101 pacientes internados en los servicios de Neurocirugía y Terapia Intensiva del Hospital “Ángel C. Padilla” de San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, entre el 1 de mayo y el 30 de junio de 2021. Se registraron datos demográficos, escala de Glasgow, tipo de TEC, lesiones asociadas, dosajes de hormonas hipotálamo-hipofisarias y natremia en los primeros siete días post-TEC. Resultados. Incluidos 83 hombres y 18 mujeres con predominante afectación entre los 20-29 años (36,6%). El TEC leve afectó a 7,9%, el TEC moderado a 59,4% y el TEC grave a 32,7%. La lesión estructural descripta con mayor frecuencia fue la contusión (43,6%). El 83,2% del total de los pacientes tenían un dosaje de corticotropina normal, mientras que en el 11,9% fue bajo; el 43,5% de los pacientes registraron cortisol alto y en el 10% de los casos fue bajo. La testosterona se vio disminuida en un 42,6% y el resto de las hormonas del eje no tuvieron cambios significativos. La ACTH fue baja en el 11,9% de los traumas graves con una hipernatremia del 22%. Conclusión. Existe relación entre la gravedad del TEC y la disfunción hipofisaria, estando el trauma grave asociado a déficit hormonal de ACTH e hipernatremia. Palabras Clave: disfunción hipofisaria; escala de coma de Glasgow; hipopituitarismo; trauma de cráneo.
Lipotransferencias en defectos estéticos post neurocirurgicos
Authors: Echavarría Demichelis Mickaela , Barrera Augusto , Villalonga Juan , Campero Alvaro , Bolea Esteban Ezequiel , Baldoncini Matías 
Published: August 2023

Introducción y objetivo: Existen numerosos procedimientos en los cuales más allá de la adecuada manipulación del músculo temporal y del cierre craneal, los pacientes pueden presentar defecto óseo, muscular por atrofia y asimetría facial consecuente, provocando un malestar psicológico y deterioro funcional. El objetivo de nuestro trabajar consiste en aunar los conocimientos de cirugía plástica y aplicarlos a reconstrucciones craneales con lipotranferencias en pacientes post neuroquirúrgicos, analizando los resultados de la misma.
Materiales y métodos: Durante el año 2022, se realizaron 45 procedimientos de lipotransferencias para corrección de defectos craneofaciales, de los cuales 29 fueron femeninos y 16 masculinos. Todos presentaban el antecedente quirúrgico de craneotomías pterionales y sus variantes, abordajes orbitocigomáticos y transcigomáticos, con el consiguiente déficit de volumen.
Resultados: El procedimiento se realizó de manera ambulatoria, con anestesia local y en un tiempo promedio de 30 a 40 minutos. Se utilizó como zona donante la región hemiabdominal inferior, procesamiento de la grasa mediante técnica de decantación e inyección en la zona receptora a nivel craneo facial. Los pacientes toleraron el procedimiento adecuadamente sin complicaciones intraoperatoria ni eventos sobreagregados.
Conclusión: La lipotransferencia constituye una técnica mínimamente invasiva, eficaz y rentable que nos brinda la cirugía plástica para poder implementar en los pacientes post neuroquirúrgicos ya que logra resultados naturales que resisten la prueba del tiempo.
Poet Sulejman Naibi
Authors: Koçi Dr. Dorian 
Published: August 2023

Përhapja e islamit në Shqipëri vazhdon të mbetet një nga problemet historike, sociale dhe fetare që tërheq vëmendjen e studiuesve. Debatet akademike ndahen në parashtrimin e problemit nëse feja islame në Shqipëri ka qenë një konvertim vullnetar apo i imponuar nga osmanët.
Gjatë shekullit të 18-të Berati, Elbasani dhe Gjirokastra, përshkruar një shekull më parë nga Evlia Çelebiu si qendra urbane shqiptare, ku kultura islame kishte filluar të lulëzonte, u bënë qendra ku lulëzoi kultura islame dhe poezia me motive orientale. Poezia është shkruar në gjuhën shqipe duke përdorur alfabetin arab. Zhvillimi i kulturës vendase në bazë të modeleve orientale lejoi që kultura urbane islame t'i bashkohej rretheve kulturore të Perandorisë Osmane.Sulejman Naibi është poeti i dytë, pas Nezim Frakullës, që na la një divan shqiptar. Naibi ishte njohës i mirë i gjuhëve orientale dhe në poezitë e tij riprodhonte poezinë e orientit. Karakteristika e poezisë së Naibit është lirizmi i saj, i bazuar në figurat standarde të të folurit oriental dhe në konceptet filozofike orientale. Përmes tropeve të pasura, të gjalla dhe shumëngjyrëshe, Naibi e bën dashurinë krejt natyrale. Ai është një nga të paktët që shkruan për bukurinë femërore. Poezia e Naibit nuk është plotësisht kuptueshme dhe për këtë arsye duket se është lënë në hije dhe jashtë fokusit nga historia e letërsisë shqiptare. Poezia e Sulejman Naibit dhe tekstet e tij kushtuar natyrës dhe gruas mund të jenë një urë lidhëse midis lirizmit popullor dhe letërsisë së kultivuar.
Skënderbeu si pjesë e ndërgjegjes europiane
Authors: Sinani Prof. Dr. Gjergj 
Published: August 2023

Në kuadër të vitit të Skënderbeut u botuan shumë artikuj për heroin tonë, ndër të cilët u bënë përpjekje për të zbutur rëndësinë e kësaj figure dhe për të zbehur rolin e tij në historinë dhe kulturën evropiane. Nisur nga ky shqetësim, studimi synon të evidentojë pasaktësinë e dy tezave që synojnë ta ulnin Skënderbeun.
Sigurisht që mund të ketë një mori diskutimesh, por ky artikull shtjellon pozicionin e Skënderbeut në ndërgjegjen evropiane. Ndërgjegjja evropiane, nga e cila shumë projekte u përhapën në të gjithë Evropën, u përpunua nga shkrimtarët e shquar të mendimit filozofik në Evropë, si: Montaigne, Volteri, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Kant etj., ose siç i cilëson Denis de Rougement si "shpirtrat e mëdhenj". “Evropa është prodhimi i këtyre “shpirtrave të mëdhenj” dhe jo një aventurë politike e disa politikanëve. Sipas këtyre filozofëve, Evropa duhet parë në kontrast me jo-Evropën. Evropa përfaqësonte vendin e lirisë, ndërsa jo-Evropa, Azia, përfaqësonte vendin e despotizmit dhe uniformitetit. Evropa përfaqësonte lirinë dhe diversitetin, ndërsa Azia përfaqësonte tiraninë, uniformitetin dhe bindjen ndaj despotit.
Kur osmanët pushtuan Kostandinopojën, shumë princa evropianë zbatuan politikën e kompromisit me pushtuesin e ri. Skënderbeu i qëndroi besnik lirisë. Pikërisht, në funksion të idesë së lirisë, që karakterizon Evropën dhe që u braktis nga këta princër, ndër shumë mendimtarë evropianë, Volteri i kushtoi një kapitull të veçantë Skënderbeut në veprën e tij madhore, “Ese mbi sjelljet”.
Studimi, duke u fokusuar në vlerësimin e Volterit për Skënderbeun, bën edhe një interpretim filozofik të kësaj faqeje të historisë sonë, bazuar në filozofinë e historisë së Hegelit, e cila shikonte historia si një përhapje e idesë së lirisë, në përputhje me rrethanat dhe njerëzit e mëdhenj të historisë.
Rrethanat gjeopolitike te kazave shqiptare pas vitet 90
Authors: Murati Amb. Shaban 
Published: August 2023

Ndryshimi që ndodhi në Evropë në fillimin e viteve ‘90, me shembjen e komunizmit dhe me përfundimin e luftës së ftohtë, krijoi një ndryshim epokal pozitiv për çështjen shqiptare. Ky ndryshim përvijohet në këto rrethana të reja favorizuese:
U prish Federata Komuniste Jugosllave, që kishte qenë burg i detyruar për Kosovën dhe të gjithë shqiptarët në ish-Jugosllavi. Kriza jugosllave hapi rrugën e pavarësimit të republikave dhe të popujve joserbë, e ndër to edhe për popullin shqiptar në ish - Jugosllavi, që ishte populli i tretë për nga numri i popullsisë në federatën që po shembej.
U shkri Bashkimi Sovjetik komunist si superfuqi, që kishte qenë mbështetja kryesore e Serbisë si sunduese e federatës jugosllave mbi popujt joserbë, përshirë shqiptarët.
U shemb regjimi komunist në Shqipëri, që krijoi faktorin e ri të shtetit shqiptar si mbështetës të luftës për liri dhe pavarësi të popullit të Kosovës në rajon dhe në arenën ndërkombëtare.
Rrethana e re evropiane dhe ndërkombëtare e fitores së revolucioneve demokratike antikomuniste vendosi në plan të parë të agjendës diplomatike çështjen e lirisë dhe të drejtave të popujve të shtypur nga regjimet komuniste, përfshirë edhe popullin shqiptar në ish - Jugosllavi.
Prirja dhe orientimi i kombit shqiptar në Shqipëri dhe në Kosovë për lidhje dhe aleancë me Perëndimin u jetësua si një faktor i ri i hapur i mbështetjes diplomatike, propagandistike dhe morale të Perëndimit për çështjen shqiptare në Kosovë dhe në Ballkan.
U krijua rrethana e re ndërkombëtare, kur çështja shqiptare u ndërkombëtarizua dhe u shtrua detyra historike e zgjidhjes së saj. Kjo
detyrë historike u konkretizua me aktin e madh historik të çlirimit të Kosovës në vitin 1999 dhe me krijimin e shtetit të pavarur të Kosovës në vitin 2008. Ky ndryshim historik nuk mund të mendohej pa përkrahjen dhe mbështetjen e fuqishme të Perëndimit, të Shteteve të Bashkuara të Amerikës (SHBA) dhe të Organizatës së Traktatit të Atlantikut Verior (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) (NATO).
Pavarësia e Kosovës hapi një kapitull të ri historik të çështjes shqiptare. Pavarësia e Kosovës më 17 shkurt 2008 transformoi në planin diplomatik, si përmbajtjen, ashtu dhe objektivat e asaj, që është quajtur që nga koha e Kongresit të Berlinit të vitit 1878 si “çështja shqiptare”.