bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A complex relation between levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and expression of the immature neuron marker doublecortin
Authors: Mendez‐David Indira , David Denis Joseph , Deloménie Claudine , Tritschler Laurent , Beaulieu Jean‐Martin , Colle Romain , Corruble Emmanuelle , Gardier Alain Michel , Hen René 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine on behavior and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). After confirming our earlier report that the signaling molecule β‐arrestin‐2 (β‐Arr2) is required for the antidepressant‐like effects of fluoxetine, we found that the effects of fluoxetine on proliferation of neural progenitors and survival of adult‐born granule cells are absent in the β‐Arr2 knockout (KO) mice. To our surprise, fluoxetine induced a dramatic upregulation of the number of doublecortin (DCX)‐expressing cells in the β‐Arr2 KO mice, indicating that this marker can be increased even though AHN is not. We discovered two other conditions where a complex relationship occurs between the number of DCX‐expressing cells compared to levels of AHN: a chronic antidepressant model where DCX is upregulated and an inflammation model where DCX is downregulated. We concluded that assessing the number of DCX‐expressing cells alone to quantify levels of AHN can be complex and that caution should be applied when label retention techniques are unavailable.
Red, infrared, and simultaneous laser‐wavelengths irradiation effects on 5‐fluorouracil‐induced oral mucositis in hamsters
Authors: Cotomacio Claudia C. , Yshikawa Bianca K. , Calarga Caio C. , Arana‐Chavez Victor E. , Simões Alyne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe association of more than one wavelength for photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) to treat oral mucositis (OM) is unusual in the literature. Thus, this study aims to compare the simultaneous irradiation effects with their isolated application to treat OM. In order of that, 48 male Syrian hamsters were divided into 4 groups: Chemotherapy (Ch), which received only a OM induction protocol (5‐fluorouracil chemotherapy and superficial oral mucosa scratches); red laser (RL), which received the OM induction and a PBMT protocol at 660 nm; infrared laser (IRL), which received the OM induction, and a PBMT protocol at 808 nm; and the RL + IRL group, which received the simultaneous application, of 660 and 808 nm wavelengths. Clinical (OM grade classification), histological (light microscopy analysis with H&E and collagen staining), immunohistochemical (TNF‐α expression), and biochemical (TNF‐α and hydroxyproline concentration) analyzes were performed after 7 and 10 days. Mainly on the 10th day, the RL and IRL groups showed lower OM grades and faster microscopic repair process, with greater expression of collagen fibers and lower TNF‐α levels, besides the higher hydroxyproline concentrations, mainly in comparison with the Ch group. In conclusion, in this study, the simultaneous protocol did not present superior results than the isolated irradiations.
Neferine protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/oxygenation injury through SIRT1/Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling
Authors: Lu Cheng , Jiang Bing , Xu Jie , Zhang Xuan , Jiang Nianxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction is regarded as myocardial necrosis resulting from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage and retains a major cause of mortality. Neferine, which was extracted from the green embryos of mature seeds of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., has been reported to possess a broad range of biological activities. However, its underlying mechanism on the protective effect of I/R has not been fully clarified. A hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model with H9c2 cells closely simulating myocardial I/R injury was used as a cellular model. This study intended to research the effects and mechanism underlying neferine on H9c2 cells in response to H/R stimulation. Cell Counting Kit‐8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays were employed to measure cell viability and LDH, respectively. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Oxidative stress was evaluated by detecting malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Mitochondrial function was assessed by mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, and mitochondrial ROS. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the expression of related proteins. The results showed that hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced cell damage, all of which were distinctly reversed by neferine. Moreover, we observed that neferine inhibited oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by H/R in H9c2 that were concomitant with increased sirtuin‐1 (SITR1), nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase‐1 expression. On the contrary, silencing the SIRT1 gene with its small interferingRNA eliminated the beneficial effects of neferine. It is concluded that neferine preconditioning attenuated H/R‐induced cardiac damage via suppressing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be partially ascribed to the activation of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Anti‐PD‐1 therapy for advanced colorectal cancer based on intestinal microecology
Authors: Pi Hongquan , Liang Shulan , Liu Huifang , Lu Shengxiang , Huang Libing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo explore the effects of anti‐programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) therapy on advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) based on the intestinal microecology. Ninety‐two patients with advanced CRC were selected. Patients were treated with Apatinib alone or anti PD‐1 treatment combined with Apatinib. The lactulose/mannitol (L/M) value of the urine was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The changes of intestinal microflora were determined by real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The risk factors were analyzed through multivariate logistic regression analysis. The curative effect of anti PD‐1 treatment combined with the Apatinib treatment (82.61%) was much higher than that of the Apatinib treatment alone (63.04%, p < 0.05). After treatment, the contents of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus faecalis were higher with lower levels of Escherichia coli in the observation group than the control (p < 0.05). The level of D‐lactic acid and urinary L/M value of the urine in the observation group was lower than that in control after treatment (p < 0.001). The patients had a 3‐year survival rate of 91.30%. Age >60 years old, histological types of mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma, vascular tumor thrombus, nerve invasion, TNM stage of Ⅲ−Ⅳ were independent risk factors, and anti PD‐1 treatment was the protective factor (p < 0.05). In advanced CRC patients receiving anti PD‐1 treatment combined with the Apatinib treatment, the progression of advanced CRC was effectively controlled by maintaining the intestinal microflora balance. Anti PD‐1 therapy can improve the living quality of CRC patients.
Black women's placemaking in undergraduate engineering
Authors: Halkiyo Atota B. , Hailu Meseret F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBlack women students in engineering higher education are underrepresented and often face barriers at the nexus of race, gender, and engineering. When seeking to improve student outcomes, universities often prioritize academic success and neglect psychological, social, and emotional well‐being. Little is known about why and how Black women in engineering engage in Black placemaking as they maneuver around barriers.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to establish an empirical understanding of the experiences of Black women in engineering. Our work is guided by the following research questions: (1) Why do Black women in engineering seek out campus spaces specifically designated for them? What unique structural issues necessitate such spaces? (2) For what purposes do Black women in engineering use those distinct spaces? (3) How are Black women in engineering responding to the challenges and structural conditions?Design/MethodWe use Black placemaking theory to guide our qualitative in‐depth interviews of 45 purposefully selected students. The data were analyzed via theory‐informed themes.ResultsMajor structural conditions necessitate specific Black spaces, including the absence of physical places, failure to understand intersectionality, failure to respond to safety, and cultural stereotypes about Black women in engineering. In response to such barriers, Black women in engineering engage in multiple placemaking activities, thereby seeking out safe and responsive spaces and transforming existing ones to serve multiple functions.ConclusionsWhatever difficulties Black women face in academia, they are intensified in engineering. To confront such barriers, Black women engage with Black placemaking, creatively transforming existing places or co‐creating distinct places for themselves. These actions can inform how engineering departments support spaces for minoritized student development.
Ciencia, Genética, y ¿Desinformación?: A content analysis of genetic testing coverage from US Spanish‐language news media
Authors: Chavez‐Yenter Daniel , Holton Avery , Vega Alexis S. , Zamora Ginger , Kaphingst Kimberly A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGenetic testing (GT) has become ubiquitous in the United States, either in clinical or direct‐to‐consumer markets. White and English‐speaking populations have primarily benefited from this new technology, leaving other groups, like Hispanic populations, behind. Explanations for this disparity has cited a lack of awareness and knowledge of genetic testing purposes. Science communication from English‐language media play an important role in setting initial attitudes and influencing decision‐making for audiences. However, Spanish‐language media have virtually no research published on documented potential effects for GT utilization despite the continued growth of Hispanic Spanish‐speaking groups in the United States. Thus, this study characterized coverage of GT from two of the most prominent US Spanish‐language media outlets, Telemundo and Univision. Over a 12‐year time period, we identified 235 written articles of GT, mainly focusing on forensics applications, followed by gossip and health. There were 292 sources referenced across all 235 articles drawing from governmental agencies or officials, other news agencies, and medical institutions or officials. The findings suggest that coverage of GT among Spanish‐language news outlets is limited. When Spanish‐language news outlets do cover GT, they focus on aspects of intrigue or entertainment more than demystifying and explaining GT. Stories tend to cite other published articles, with author attribution often missing, leading to questions of comfort of Spanish‐media to cover these topics. Further, the publishing process may lead to confusion of the purpose of genetic testing for health purposes and may bias Spanish‐speaking groups towards genetic testing for health purposes. Thus, reconciliation and education initiatives around genetic testing purposes are needed for Spanish‐speaking communities from not only media, but also genetics providers and institutions.
The significance of unusual acts in sexual homicide
Authors: Sun Poppy , Beauregard Eric , Chopin Julien 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn addition to being an unusual form of crime, sexual homicide (SH) sometimes includes unusual crime scene behaviours, such as carving on the victim, evisceration (i.e., removal of internal organs), skinning the victim, cannibalism and vampirism. The current study investigates these unusual crime scene behaviours to better understand their meaning as well as to explore whether such behaviours are associated with a specific crime‐commission process. Using a sample of 762 SH cases, the study uses a combination of chi‐square and stepwise forward logistic regression analyses to identify the differences between cases with and without unusual acts. Findings reveal that SH cases with unusual acts present a specific crime‐commission process. This crime‐commission process is characterised by a greater level of sadism—as demonstrated by the presence of mutilation and foreign object insertion—as well as a greater level of organisation from the selection of a contact location where the risk of being seen or heard was low. These findings provide a better understanding of these behaviours and could help investigators facing such cases.
Epidermal modifications in a hill stream catfish, Hara hara in relation to its natural habitat: A scanning electron microscope and histochemical investigation
Authors: Arunima  , Kumari Usha , Mittal Swati , Mittal Ajay K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the present study, the epidermis of the hill stream fish Hara hara has been investigated employing scanning electron microscope, histology, histochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. The epidermis is characteristically differentiated into plaques separated from each other by deep furrows. In plaques, the epidermis is keratinized. In contrast, in furrows, it is mucogenic. Surface epithelial cells in plaques get modified into characteristic spine‐like unculi. At the distal ends of these unculi, we find tree‐like branched dendritic structures. The keratinized epithelial cells in plaques together with unculi frequently exfoliate at the surface. The epidermis in furrows is equipped with secretory glandular cells, that is, mucous goblet cells, sacciform cells and club cells; and sensory structures, that is, the taste buds. These glandular cells are involved in the elaboration of different types of carbohydrate and protein moieties. Further, in the epidermis of both, plaques and furrows, melanophores are frequently interspersed between the epithelial cells. In the plaque epidermis, in addition to melanophores, melanin granules are observed in epithelial cells undergoing keratinization as well as in those sloughing at the surface. Sloughing of keratinized epithelial cells together with spine‐like unculi at the surface of the plaques; the secretions of the glandular cells, the distribution of melanophore and the taste buds interspersed between the epithelial cells and the presence of melanin granules in the keratinized epithelial cells have been associated with different functional roles. These include hydrodynamic advantage, protection from mechanical stress, pathogens, UV radiation, localization of food accurately and so on in relation to the natural habitat of the fish.
MRI sequence optimisation methods to identify cranial nerve course for radiotherapy planning
Authors: O'Connor Laura M. , Skehan Kate , Goodwin Jonathan , Kumar Mahesh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is being increasingly used to improve radiation therapy planning by allowing visualisation of organs at risk that cannot be well‐defined on computed tomography (CT). Diagnostic sequences are increasingly being adapted for radiation therapy planning, such as the use of heavily T2‐weighted 3D SPACE (Sampling Perfection with Application optimised Contrasts using different flip angle Evolution) sequence for cranial nerve identification in head and neck tumour treatment planning.MethodsA 3D isotropic T2 SPACE sequence used for cranial nerve identification was adapted for radiation therapy purposes. Distortion was minimised using a spin‐echo‐based sequence, 3D distortion correction, isocentre scanning and an increased readout bandwidth. Radiation therapy positioning was accounted for by utilising two small flex, 4‐channel coils. The protocol was validated for cranial nerve identification in clinical applications and distortion minimisation using an MRI QA phantom.ResultsNormal anatomy of the cranial nerves CI‐CIX, were presented, along with a selection of clinical applications and abnormal anatomy. The usefulness of cranial nerve identification is discussed for several case studies, particularly in proximity to tumours extending into the base of skull region. In‐house testing validated that higher bandwidths of 600 Hz resulted in minimal displacement well below 1 mm.ConclusionThe use of MRI for radiation therapy planning allows for greater individualisation and prediction of patient outcomes. Dose reduction to cranial nerves can decrease late side effects such as cranial neuropathy. In addition to current applications, future directions include further applications of this technology for radiation therapy treatments.
Development and validation of a novel bias network design method for a classAB PA
Authors: Qu Yan , Crupi Giovanni , Donato Nicola , Cai Jialin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the impact of the bias networks on a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) is analyzed and discussed comprehensively. Both the different sizes and positions of the bias microstrip line circuit have been studied for a broadband class AB PA. Both simulations and measurements show that the performance of the PA can be greatly improved with the adjustment of the bias circuit by effecting the harmonic impedance of the whole matching circuit. Compared with the existing works, the fabricated PA based on the proposed technique provides the best performance, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the developed bias circuit optimization method.
Same pond, different frogs: How collective change readiness level and diversity associates with team performance
Authors: de Jong Jeroen P. , Nikolova Irina , Caniëls Marjolein C. J. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryDespite the critical importance of teams in organizational change processes, we still know little about how collective change readiness (CR) in teams associates to team outcomes. In this study, we take a multilevel approach to CR and investigate how collective CR associates with team performance. Specifically, we examine (a) how ambivalence between emotional and collective cognitive CR associates with collective intentional CR and (b) how both the level and diversity of collective intentional CR associate to team performance. We test our team‐level hypotheses using 59 teams and 366 individual team members. The results show that the levels of collective emotional and cognitive CR interact in their association with intentional CR. Collective intentional CR is the highest when both collective emotional and cognitive CR are high and the lowest under a condition of high collective cognitive CR and low collective emotional CR. Moreover, diversity in collective intentional CR negatively associates to leader‐rated team performance. Implications for theory and suggestions for practice are discussed.
Impacts of long‐time transportation on whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) muscle quality and underlying biochemical mechanisms
Authors: Huang Zhihai , Guan Weiliang , Lyu Xiamin , Chen Renchi , Wu Yingyin , Zheng Gaohai , Mao Linchun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDShrimp is widely consumed around the world. Since muscle is the primary edible component of shrimp, muscle quality (particularly texture) has a direct impact on the economic value of shrimp products. However, reports on the shrimp muscle quality influenced by transportation are rather limited, and the underlying mechanism remains unknown.RESULTSDuring the simulated transportation, the water pH and total ammonia‐nitrogen content and un‐ionized ammonia contents were elevated. Furthermore, reductions in shrimp muscle water‐holding capacity, hardness, and shear value with intensive myofibrillar protein degradation were detected. Simulated transportation decreased the pH and glycogen content of shrimp muscle while increasing lactic dehydrogenase activity and lactate content, resulting in an elevated level of free calcium ions and increased μ‐calpain and general proteolytic activities. Water exchange could improve the water quality and reduce the mortality of shrimp during transportation, as well as decrease muscle textural softening by alleviating these stress responses.CONCLUSIONSMaintaining water quality and, in particular, reducing ammonia are critical to improving shrimp survival and muscle quality during live transportation. This study is of great significance for the better maintenance of the textural properties of shrimp meat. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hearing Following Prolonged and Delayed Ganciclovir Treatment in a Murine Cytomegalovirus Model
Authors: Hillam Katrina , Suarez Daniel , Nielson Christopher , Traxler Abigail , Sommer Elizabeth , Winslow Anna , Holley Anna , Huang Emily , Hughes Maura , Firpo Matthew A. , Rower Joseph , Park Albert H. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveCompare hearing outcomes utilizing standard, prolonged and delayed ganciclovir (GCV) therapy in a murine model of cytomegalovirus (CMV).MethodsBALB/c mice were inoculated with mouse cytomegalovirus (mCMV) or saline via intracerebral injection on postnatal day 3 (p3). Intraperitoneal GCV or saline was administered at 12 h intervals for the duration of the standard (p3‐p17), delayed (p30‐p44), or prolonged treatment windows (p3‐p31). Auditory thresholds were assessed using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing at 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age. Blood and tissue samples were harvested from mice on p17 and p37 one hour after GCV administration, and their concentrations were assessed via liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry.ResultsA delayed course of GCV improved ABR but not DPOAE thresholds in mCMV‐infected mice. A prolonged course of GCV did not provide better hearing thresholds than those administered standard treatment. The average GCV concentration in all 17‐day‐old mice tissue was significantly higher than those in older 37‐day‐old mice.ConclusionDelayed GCV treatment provided a hearing benefit on ABR over untreated mCMV infected mice. Prolonged CGV administration showed no benefit compared to a shorter duration GCV treatment. GCV drug concentrations both systemically and in the cochlea are much lower in older mice. These results have potential implications for the clinical management of cCMV infected children.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:433–438, 2024
Three‐dimensional genome structure and function
Authors: Liu Hao , Tsai Hsiangyu , Yang Maoquan , Li Guozhi , Bian Qian , Ding Gang , Wu Dandan , Dai Jiewen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLinear DNA undergoes a series of compression and folding events, forming various three‐dimensional (3D) structural units in mammalian cells, including chromosomal territory, compartment, topologically associating domain, and chromatin loop. These structures play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, cell differentiation, and disease progression. Deciphering the principles underlying 3D genome folding and the molecular mechanisms governing cell fate determination remains a challenge. With advancements in high‐throughput sequencing and imaging techniques, the hierarchical organization and functional roles of higher‐order chromatin structures have been gradually illuminated. This review systematically discussed the structural hierarchy of the 3D genome, the effects and mechanisms of cis‐regulatory elements interaction in the 3D genome for regulating spatiotemporally specific gene expression, the roles and mechanisms of dynamic changes in 3D chromatin conformation during embryonic development, and the pathological mechanisms of diseases such as congenital developmental abnormalities and cancer, which are attributed to alterations in 3D genome organization and aberrations in key structural proteins. Finally, prospects were made for the research about 3D genome structure, function, and genetic intervention, and the roles in disease development, prevention, and treatment, which may offer some clues for precise diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.