bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in self-reported cost barriers to dental care in Ontario
Authors: Abdelrehim Mona , Ravaghi Vahid , Quiñonez Carlos , Singhal Sonica 
Published: July 2023

Background
The affordability of dental care continues to receive attention in Canada. Since most dental care is privately financed, the use of dental care is largely influenced by insurance coverage and the ability to pay-out-of pocket.

Objectives
i) to explore trends in self-reported cost barriers to dental care in Ontario; ii) to assess trends in the socio-demographic characteristics of Ontarians reporting cost barriers to dental care; and iii) to identify the trend in what attributes predicts reporting cost barriers to dental care in Ontario.

Methods
A secondary data analysis of five cycles (2003, 2005, 2009–10, 2013–14 and 2017–18) of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) was undertaken. The CCHS is a cross-sectional survey that collects information related to health status, health care utilization, and health determinants for the Canadian population. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to determine the characteristics of Ontarians who reported cost barriers to dental care. Poisson regression was used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios to determine the predictors of reporting a cost barrier to dental care.

Results
In 2014, 34% of Ontarians avoided visiting a dental professional in the past three years due to cost, up from 22% in 2003. Having no insurance was the strongest predictor for reporting cost barriers to dental care, followed by being 20–39 years of age and having a lower income.

Conclusion
Self-reported cost barriers to dental care have generally increased in Ontario but more so for those with no insurance, low income, and aged 20–39 years.
Homocysteine levels in patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Hong , Wang Bei-Bei , Zhao Meng , Feng Feng , Li Hua-Dong 
Published: July 2023

Background
With the development of coronary angiography, more and more attention has been paid to coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP). Recent studies have found that the correlation between homocysteine (Hcy) levels and CSFP was contradictory, so we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the correlation.

Methods
By March 2022, studies that meet the research requirements were identified by searching multiple databases including Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed. We included studies evaluating the correlation between Hcy levels and CSFP. Random or fixed effect meta-analyses were performed according to heterogeneity among included studies. A leave-out method and subgroup analyses were conducted to determine the source of heterogeneity.

Results
Thirteen studies involving 625 CSFP and 550 subjects were included. After pooling data from each study, Hcy levels were higher in the CSFP groups (standard mean difference [SMD], 1.45; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.96, P < .00001) than in the control group. In the meta-analysis, there was significant heterogeneity (I2 = 93%), which was further explored through leave-out method and and subgroup analyses. Specifically, pooling data from studies with a mean thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count ≥ 46 (SMD, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.63, P < .00001) resulted in no heterogeneity (0%), indicating that the TIMI frame count ≥ 46 was the source of heterogeneity.

Conclusions
Our study found that elevated Hcy levels are strongly associated with CSFP. More importantly, the association was stronger in CSFP patients with mean TIMI frame count ≥ 46.
Health and wellness in the Australian coal mining industry: An analysis of pre-post findings from the RESHAPE workplace health promotion program
Authors: Bezzina B. Aaron , Ashton Lee , Watson Trent , James Carole L. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesNon-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 71% of deaths in 2021. The chronic and pervasive nature of these diseases spurs the need for novel treatment approaches, including using the workplace as a front for the promotion and dissemination of health messages and activities. Taking this into consideration, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of a workplace health promotion program that targeted nutrition, physical activity, and obesity outcomes in a New South Wales (NSW) coal mine site.DesignA 12-week quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test study.SettingA coal mine site in rural NSW, Australia.ParticipantsAt baseline there were n = 389 participants, with similar numbers at follow-up (n = 420) as well as 61 participants from both timepoints (8.2% repeated measures), with 89% of participants being male.InterventionA multicomponent wellness intervention was implemented incorporating aspects of education, goal setting, and competition.OutcomesPhysical activity, nutrition, and weight.ResultsThe mean BMI at baseline was 30.01 kg/m2, and at follow-up 29.79 kg/m2(p = 0.39). At follow-up, participants reported 81% lower odds of engaging in the exercise category ‘no moderate physical exercise’ (OR = 0.09, p < 0.001), as well as 111% higher odds of meeting physical activity and exercise guidelines (OR = 2.11, p = 0.057). There were no changes to diet outcomes and no association between employment characteristics and participating in physical activity.ConclusionsWorkplace health promotion programs can be an efficacious strategy in improving physical activity outcomes and marginally improving weight outcomes in those in the mining industry. Further research is needed to determine the true effectiveness of these programs long-term, particularly in an environment as challenging and dynamic as the mining industry.
Medication-Wide Study: Exploring Medication Use 10 Years Before a Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Bonfils Linéa , Karachalia Sandri Anastasia , Poulsen Gry J. , Agrawal Manasi , Ward Daniel J. , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Jess Tine , Allin Kristine H. 
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION:
There is growing interest in the prediagnostic phase of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in the overlap of IBD with other diseases. We described and compared use of any prescription medication between individuals with and without IBD in a 10-year period preceding diagnosis.

METHODS:
Based on cross-linked nationwide registers, we identified 29,219 individuals diagnosed with IBD in Denmark between 2005 and 2018 and matched to 292,190 IBD-free individuals. The primary outcome was use of any prescription medication in years 1–10 before IBD diagnosis/matching date. Participants were considered as medication users if they redeemed ≥1 prescription for any medication in the World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) main groups or subgroups before diagnosis/matching.

RESULTS:
The IBD population had a universally increased use of medications compared with the matched population before IBD diagnosis. At 10 years before diagnosis, the proportion of users was 1.1-fold to 1.8-fold higher in the IBD population in 12 of 14 ATC main groups of medication (P-value < 0.0001). This applied across age, sex, and IBD subtypes, although it was the most pronounced for Crohn's disease (CD). Two years before diagnosis, the IBD population had a steep increase in medication use for several organ systems. When analyzing therapeutic subgroups of medication, the CD population exhibited 2.7, 2.3, 1.9, and 1.9 times more users of immunosuppressants, antianemic preparations, analgesics, and psycholeptics, respectively, than the matched population 10 years before diagnosis (P-value < 0.0001).

DISCUSSION:
Our findings demonstrate universally increased medication use years before IBD, especially CD, diagnosis and indicates multiorgan involvement in IBD.
The Clinical Impact of Obesity in Patients With Disorders of Defecation: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,155 Patients
Authors: Chaichanavichkij Pam , Vollebregt Paul F. , Keshishian Karekin , Knowles Charles H. , Scott S. Mark 
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Obesity is a global epidemic. Its clinical impact on symptoms of fecal incontinence (FI) and/or constipation and underlying anorectal pathophysiology remains uncertain.

METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients meeting Rome IV criteria for FI and/or functional constipation, with data on body mass index (BMI), attending a tertiary center for investigation between 2017 and 2021. Clinical history, symptoms, and anorectal physiologic test results were analyzed according to BMI categories.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,155 patients (84% female) were included in the analysis (33.5% normal BMI; 34.8% overweight; and 31.7% obese). Obese patients had higher odds of FI to liquid stools (69.9 vs 47.8%, odds ratio [OR] 1.96 [confidence interval: 1.43–2.70]), use of containment products (54.6% vs 32.6%, OR 1.81 [1.31–2.51]), fecal urgency (74.6% vs 60.7%, OR 1.54 [1.11–2.14]), urge FI (63.4% vs 47.3%, OR 1.68 [1.23–2.29]), and vaginal digitation (18.0% vs 9.7%, OR 2.18 [1.26–3.86]). A higher proportion of obese patients had Rome criteria-based FI or coexistent FI and functional constipation (37.3%, 50.3%) compared with overweight patients (33.8%, 44.8%) and patients with normal BMI (28.9%, 41.1%). There was a positive linear association between BMI and anal resting pressure (β 0.45, R2 0.25, P = 0.0003), although the odds of anal hypertension were not significantly higher after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Obese patients more often had a large clinically significant rectocele (34.4% vs 20.6%, OR 2.62 [1.51–4.55]) compared with patients with normal BMI.

DISCUSSION:
Obesity affects specific defecatory (mainly FI) and prolapse symptoms and pathophysiologic findings (higher anal resting pressure and significant rectocele). Prospective studies are required to determine whether obesity is a modifiable risk factor of FI and constipation.
Metachronous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus After Resolution of Previous Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Taj Sobaan , Hussain Azhar , Sanekommu Harshavardhan , Miller Brett , Austin Christopher , Kilada Catherine , Dandu Sowmya , Ahsan Eram , Erler Brian S. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Metachronous malignancies refer to multiple independent primary cancers diagnosed at least 6 months apart. The incidence of metachronous esophageal cancers with different histologic subtypes is extremely rare. This case presents an unprecedented occurrence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, followed by metachronous squamous cell carcinoma.
Environmental Policy in Vertical Markets with Downstream Pollution: Taxes Versus Standards
Authors: Chang Yang-Ming , Sellak Manaf 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the performance of two environmental regulation policies – emission taxes and absolute standards – in a vertical market where an upstream foreign monopolist sells a specific input to two downstream multiproduct firms that generate pollution in the domestic country. Specifically, we use a three-stage game to analyze and compare the two policies for regulating downstream pollution. In the first stage, the domestic government determines an optimal tariff and sets one of the two instruments (taxes or standards) by maximizing social welfare, in stage two, the upstream foreign monopoly sets its input price, and finally, the downstream domestic firms independently make their output and abatement decisions for profit maximization. We find that total emissions are lower under the absolute standard. Nevertheless, the tax dominates the standard in terms of domestic welfare, consumer surplus, and downstream multiproduct firms’ profits. Thus, the tax equilibrium leads to a win-win-win situation compared to the standard equilibrium. These results show the non-equivalence of emission taxes and absolute standards in regulating downstream pollution. The analyses suggest that a pollution tax is an economically and politically feasible policy.
Ultra-multiplex PCR technique to guide treatment of Aspergillus-infected aortic valve prostheses
Authors: Li Zhe , Li Da-Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Prosthetic valve endocarditis is a serious complication after heart valve replacement, accounting for about 20–30% of infective endocarditis (IE). Aspergillosis infection accounts for 25–30% of fungal endocarditis, and the mortality rate is 42–68%. Aspergillus IE often has negative blood cultures and lacks fever, which makes diagnosis difficult and delays antifungal therapy. Our study reported a case of IE in a patient with Aspergillus infection after aortic valve replacement. Ultra-multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to identify Aspergillus infection and guide treatment. The purpose of this study was to enhance the understanding of the management of patients with endocarditis infected by fungi after valve replacement regarding the early detection, timely intervention, and treatment of the fungal infection to reduce the risk of death and improve the long-term survival of patients.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19
Authors: Pan Yun , Tan Jiaxiong , Li Jinzhong , Li Taoyuan , Li Jieying , Cao Yang , Yang Liu , Lin Xunge , Li Minran , Liang Xujing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used to treat a variety of cancers and common infectious diseases with high efficacy. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, studies suggested that COVID-19 patients may benefit from ICI immunotherapy. However, clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of ICI in COVID-19 patients are still being conducted. Currently, it is not clear whether cancer patients undergoing ICI immunotherapy should adjust their treatment strategy after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and whether ICI can reduce the viral load of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, reports of patients with different types of tumors infected with SARS-CoV-2 under ICI immunotherapy were classified and sorted, including lung cancer, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and hematologic malignances. The safety and efficacy of ICI in antitumor and anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies were compared and further discussed to provide more reference materials for the application of ICI treatment. In a word, COVID-19 has changed the ICI treatment strategy for cancer patients indeed, and ICI treatment may be a “double-edged sword” for cancer patients complicated with COVID-19.
The complexity principle and the morphosyntactic alternation between case affixes and postpositions in Estonian
Authors: Klavan Jane , Schützler Ole 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates three morphosyntactic alternations in Estonian – those between the exterior locative cases allative, adessive and ablative and the corresponding postpositionspeale‘onto’,peal‘on’ andpealt‘off’. Based on the Complexity Principle (e.g., Rohdenburg, Günter. 2002. Processing complexity and the variable use of prepositions in English. In Hubert Cuyckens & Günter Radden (eds.),Perspectives on prepositions, 79–100. Tübingen: Niemeyer), we expect cognitively more complex constructions to use more explicit (i.e., morphologically more substantial) marking by means of a postposition. Further, we expect variation to be conditioned similarly in all three semantic categories. For each of the three alternations, a random sample of the two outcomes (case vs. postposition) from the Estonian National Corpus is used, resulting in 3,000 data points. Using properties of the Landmark phrase as independent variables in Bayesian mixed-effects logistic regression models, we predict the choice of postpositions over case-marked realisations. Of the patterns found, only the frequency-related one supports our complexity-related hypothesis. We conclude that the Complexity Principle, in its general form, has little explanatory power for the Estonian constructions at hand and, in particular, that the derived principle of ‘analytic support’ is not generally applicable. We show, however, that the grammatical knowledge of Estonian exterior locative cases and the corresponding postpositions is regulated by our three factors in a relatively uniform way.
Identifying self-regulated learning in chemistry classes – a good practice report
Authors: Feldman-Maggor Yael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Online learning has significantly evolved in recent years. Although it allows for greater flexibility, studies show that this flexibility also poses a challenge for individual learners who are required to manage their schedules and complete specific tasks independently. Therefore, success in an online learning environment relies heavily on the learner’s self-regulated learning (SRL) and ability to act independently and be active in the learning process. SRL is a dynamic ability that can be improved with proper guidance. This good practice report discusses a workshop that guides teachers to identify and enhance their students’ SRL. It focuses on engaging in learning processes while examining six SRL dimensions: goal setting, learning environment, learning strategy, time management, seeking help, and self-evaluation.
The elusive role of herpesviruses in Alzheimer’s disease: current evidence and future directions
Authors: Piotrowski Stacey L. , Tucker Allison , Jacobson Steven 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. While pathologic hallmarks, such as extracellular beta-amyloid plaques, are well-characterized in affected individuals, the pathogenesis that causes plaque formation and eventual cognitive decline is not well understood. A recent resurgence of the decades-old “infectious hypothesis” has garnered increased attention on the potential role that microbes may play in AD. In this theory, it is thought that pathogens such as viruses may act as seeds for beta-amyloid aggregation, ultimately leading to plaques. Interest in the infectious hypothesis has also spurred further investigation into additional characteristics of viral infection that may play a role in AD progression, such as neuroinflammation, latency, and viral DNA integration. While a flurry of research in this area has been recently published, with herpesviruses being of particular interest, the role of pathogens in AD remains controversial. In this review, the insights gained thus far into the possible role of herpesviruses in AD are summarized. The challenges and potential future directions of herpesvirus research in AD and dementia are also discussed.
Ubiquitination of the GluA1 Subunit of AMPA Receptors Is Required for Synaptic Plasticity, Memory, and Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Guntupalli Sumasri , Park Pojeong , Han Dae Hee , Zhang Lingrui , Yong Xuan Ling Hilary , Ringuet Mitchell , Blackmore Daniel G. , Jhaveri Dhanisha J. , Koentgen Frank , Widagdo Jocelyn , Kaang Bong-Kiun , Anggono Victor 
Published: July 2023

Activity-dependent changes in the number of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) at the synapse underpin the expression of LTP and LTD, cellular correlates of learning and memory. Post-translational ubiquitination has emerged as a key regulator of the trafficking and surface expression of AMPARs, with ubiquitination of the GluA1 subunit at Lys-868 controlling the post-endocytic sorting of the receptors into the late endosome for degradation, thereby regulating their stability at synapses. However, the physiological significance of GluA1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we generated mice with a knock-in mutation in the major GluA1 ubiquitination site (K868R) to investigate the role of GluA1 ubiquitination in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Our results reveal that these male mice have normal basal synaptic transmission but exhibit enhanced LTP and deficits in LTD. They also display deficits in short-term spatial memory and cognitive flexibility. These findings underscore the critical roles of GluA1 ubiquitination in bidirectional synaptic plasticity and cognition in male mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSubcellular targeting and membrane trafficking determine the precise number of AMPA-type glutamate receptors at synapses, processes that are essential for synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Post-translational ubiquitination of the GluA1 subunit marks AMPARs for degradation, but its functional rolein vivoremains unknown. Here we demonstrate that the GluA1 ubiquitin-deficient mice exhibit an altered threshold for synaptic plasticity accompanied by deficits in short-term memory and cognitive flexibility. Our findings suggest that activity-dependent ubiquitination of GluA1 fine-tunes the optimal number of synaptic AMPARs required for bidirectional synaptic plasticity and cognition in male mice. Given that increases in amyloid-β cause excessive ubiquitination of GluA1, inhibiting that GluA1 ubiquitination may have the potential to ameliorate amyloid-β-induced synaptic depression in Alzheimer's disease.
Remembering Marvin
Authors: Naftalis Gary P. 
Published: July 2023

Marvin Frankel was a mentor and friend of Gary Naftalis for almost 40 years beginning when Gary was a first-year law student and Marvin was his professor at Columbia Law School. They later co-authored a book on the Grand Jury system and after Judge Frankel left the bench they were law partners. In his essay, Gary reminisces about what made Marvin Frankel so special as an advocate, federal judge and legal scholar.
Marvin spoke as he wrote in clear and persuasive paragraphs. He thought critically and didn’t accept conventional wisdom when it couldn’t withstand analysis and scrutiny.
Marvin liked advocacy and as a judge always wanted to get the right result even if meant acknowledging that his previous views were incorrect. He applied the same critical thinking when he critiqued subjects as diverse as sentencing, the adversary system and the proper relationship between church and state. And he was always open to good ideas even when they came from younger lawyers, whom he regarded as valued colleagues.
Mr. Naftalis also recounts Marvin’s last Supreme Court argument in the Ohio School Vouchers case. Shortly before the argument, Marvin had been stricken with a malignancy that rendered him unable to walk. Disregarding his doctor’s advice, Marvin journeyed to Washington DC and argued before the High Court from a wheelchair. He passed away 11 days later.