bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Transplantations-Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ott Undine 
Published: July 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Zahl der Transplantationen ist rückläufig. Umso wichtiger ist eine konsequente Nachsorge zur Erhaltung der Transplantatfunktion. Eine häufige Komplikation (10–40 %) ist der Post-Transplantations-Diabetes mellitus (PTDM). Besonders im ersten Jahr ist das Erkrankungsrisiko hoch. Alter, Übergewicht, männliches Geschlecht, eine präexistente Insulinresistenz sowie die immunsuppressive Therapie begünstigen das Auftreten. Der PTDM führt zu hoher kardiovaskulärer Mortalität. Der orale Glukosetoleranztest (oGTT) stellt den Goldstandard der Diagnostik dar. Zusätzlich werden Nüchtern- und Spontanglukose sowie HbA1c herangezogen. Ein postoperativ diagnostizierter PTDM sollte mit Insulin behandelt werden. Eine frühe Intervention verzögert die Entwicklung einer relevanten Glukosestoffwechselstörung häufig über viele Monate. Die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten sind vielfältig und beinhalten neben der Blutzuckereinstellung die Behandlung kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren (Hyperlipidämie, Hypertonie). Patientenschulungen sind sinnvoll.
Plato and the Metaphysical Feminine
Authors: Han Irene 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This book offers a new interpretation of the role of the female and the feminine in Plato’s political dialogues—The Republic, Laws, and Timaeus—informed by Deleuze’s film theory and Irigaray’s psychoanalytic feminism. The book reads Plato against the grain and tries to close the gap between the vitalists and Plato, rather than magnifying their differences. It probes the ambivalence that the vitalist tradition, Irigaray, and Derrida have toward Platonism. The application of Deleuzian and Irigarayan concepts to the ancient texts produce a new reading of Plato: the book focuses on the centrality and importance of motion, change, sensuality, and becoming to Platonic philosophy and, thereby, reinterprets Platonic philosophy in the direction of Heraclitus rather than Parmenides, as feminist rather than masculinist, and as mimetic. That is, it prioritizes Heraclitean principles of movement and flux over Form, the feminine over masculine, and materiality, feeling, or sensation. The book illustrates how, in Plato’s thought, the feminine maps itself onto the plane of phenomena—a plane associated with vitalist themes such as motion, tactility, and change (metabolē). The book aims to recontextualize Platonic metaphysics by illustrating how Being expresses itself through processes of (feminine) becoming. With this reformulation, the author’s account of Platonic Being destabilizes any purported Platonic dualism.
Goodbye to Language
Authors: Han Irene 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The chapter turns to the chōra in the Timaeus, a concept that has intrigued numerous modern theorists such as Levinas, Derrida, and Kristeva. As opposed to passive space, the chapter reconceptualizes chōra as dynamic space by recasting it in the vitalist framework. Through this lens, we might better understand why it is a “third type” (Pl. Ti. 52a), an intensive space that acts as the container for active and passive objects and provides the medium for change. As the nurse of the generated world (Pl. Ti. 51a-b), the maternal chōra is directly associated with the realm of becoming, while eluding the active/passive binary opposition, and generates new ontological realities and political backgrounds. The chapter zooms into the gendered language that Plato uses to describe the chōra and identify other choratic apparatuses that persist into the temporal, political period, including the wandering womb, cave, and polis. The author’s view is that the chōra serves as the principal cause of metabolē and deposes, by mixing and multiplying, the metaphysical hierarchy that Platonic dualism supports.
Conclusion
Authors: Han Irene 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The chapter revisits the significance of the mirror as the quintessential tool of mimēsis and explains that it serves as the perfect symbol for what is achieved in the dialogues: they offer up images of transcendent force and the divine. It summarizes the author’s reading and approach: in the use of these conceptual apparatuses, this reading elevates the mirror, specularity, and visual appearances, as described by Irigaray in “Plato’s Hystera”: “Occasionally the son/sun gives a new silver-backing to the mother-mirror … Enumeration of mornings and evenings, sunrises and sunsets, seasons, years. Over and over again. Like and unlike. Harmoniously ordering the process of living beings, but under the constant threat of materialist anarchy. Teaching them to count—moving image of a time without memory—but also to measure and survey the earth” (Irigaray 1985, 302–303). Irigaray’s method of deconstruction resonates with the Deleuzian aim of overthrowing Platonism by inverting the hierarchy between essence and Appearance, Model and Copy, Same and the Like, and thereby invests what has been repressed—simulation, the phantasm, the copy of a copy—with positive power. Both Irigaray and Deleuze challenge binary oppositions and their hierarchal values. They strive to escape Platonic dualism by eradicating the subject/object distinction, introducing new frameworks, and expanding the philosophical vocabulary.
Alternative Communities
Authors: Murray Alex 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines Decadent-conservative little magazines, short-lived publications edited by ambitious young men who sought to fuse conservative principles with progressive art. These young reactionaries drew on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Tory traditions as they opposed what they perceived to be the bourgeois, populist turn in Victorian politics. The Whirlwind (1890) articulated an aggressively Jacobite politics while featuring art and literature by a range of figures associated with Decadence, including Stéphane Mallarmé, Arthur Machen, and James McNeill Whistler. The Senate (1894–7), also published a range of Decadent writers, including W. B. Yeats, Arthur Symons, Paul Verlaine, and Vincent O’Sullivan, and defended Oscar Wilde after his arrest for gross indecency, while also becoming a platform for conservative individualism. These periodicals offer an alternative to the more well-known coteries of The Yellow Book and The Savoy, demonstrating the symbiotic relationship between radical art and reactionary politics at the fin de siècle.
Decadence, Imperialism, and Jingoism
Authors: Murray Alex 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines various responses to the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), arguing that the intersection of aestheticism and jingoism reveals the conservative, martial strain in Decadence. The chapter opens with poetic responses to the war from Algernon Charles Swinburne, Lionel Johnson, John Davidson, and Michael Field. Their attempts to memorialize the fallen soldiers of the British Empire of this conflict reveal a sentimental nationalism which is striking and uncomfortable, given the cosmopolitan frameworks we have for reading Decadent literature. The chapter goes on to consider The Anglo-Saxon Review (1899–1901), a sumptuous magazine edited by Lady Randolph Churchill, with assistance from her son Winston. As I argue, in the design—both physical and conceptual—the Churchills attempted to fuse aesthetic elitism with imperialism.
A Life Course Approach to Lung Function Impairment and COPD
Authors: Bui Dinh S. , Dharmage Shyamali C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an adverse outcome of chronic lung function impairment, was traditionally considered a disease of adult male smokers that resulted only from accelerated lung function decline. That dogma has now been overturned with recent evidence showing smoking is not the only risk factor, and lower lung function trajectories starting from early life can lead to COPD. More specifically, recent studies have provided evidence of three distinct adverse lifetime lung function trajectories that lead to COPD. In parallel, there is increasing recognition in the field of COPD that the disease imposes a significant burden on females and that females may even be more susceptible to certain risk factors that play a role in COPD aetiology. In addition, female reproductive factors that act throughout the lifespan are now emerging as novel risk factors for lung function deficits and COPD. Overall, a life course approach to reduce lung function impairment will enhance lung health of the community in future decades, and more investigations into potentially modifiable female reproductive adverse exposures are recommended to develop female-specific interventions to promote lung health. This chapter summarises the development and ageing of lungs, the development of COPD, and risk factors throughout the life course, while highlighting the issues specific to females in these areas.
Gynaecological Cancers
Authors: Jordan Susan J. , Webb Penelope M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Globally, almost one fifth of cancers in women arise in the gynaecological tract, but rates of the individual cancer types vary widely between high- and low-income countries, reflecting the different prevalence of risk factors and access to screening. In this chapter, we review the factors that affect cancer risk across the life course, focusing on the three most common gynaecological cancers: endometrial, ovarian, and cervical cancer. We have separated the chapter into reproductive life stages—early life to menarche, menarche to menopause, and postmenopause. We end with a discussion of opportunities for prevention and how a life course approach could increase our understanding of how these cancers develop.
Structural Sexism Across the Life Course
Authors: Kelley Jessica A. , Gilbert Marissa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Structural sexism refers to beliefs, policies, and practices at any level of society or organisation that is derived on the basis of sex and gender, leading to inequity. The impact of this social inequality on women’s health begins as early as preconception and early childhood and accumulates with each life stage. Therefore, it is pertinent to consider how structural sexism shapes women’s health throughout the life course. We highlight how women are financially, physically, and mentally disadvantaged by the expectations of caregiving, the event of de-partnering or widowhood, as well as the higher prevalence of stressors and trauma that they experience. These have long-lasting negative effects on health for middle-aged and older women. We make a point that research has primarily focused on the typical life course of privileged individuals and contend that structural sexism differs for women in other subpopulations, which need to be addressed in future studies. Incorporating the perspective of structural sexism with the biological aspects of women’s health will lead to a better understanding of health disparities across the life course.
The Influence of Gender-Based Violence Across the Life Course
Authors: McLindon Elizabeth , Kyei-Onanjiri Minerva , Hegarty Kelsey 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Violence against women (VAW) is a prevalent global health and social issue affecting women and children of every age and stage. From pregnancy through to our final years, violence and abuse can profoundly alter the health, relationships, and opportunities of those it is directed towards. Starting with the definition of violence across the life course, this chapter presents the global prevalence of physical, sexual, and psychological violence against children, adolescents, adults, and older people and the complex contributing factors. Adopting an ecological lens, the life course literature is synthesised to examine the longitudinal impacts of VAW, using the example of the most prevalent form—intimate partner violence. The key questions that this chapter seeks to answer are: Does exposure to violence during childhood alter the violence-exposure trajectory during adulthood? What are the health and social impacts of VAW? What are the risk and protective factors for VAW across the life course? Is VAW preventable? The ‘Shadow Pandemic’ is explored, presenting the case that COVID-19 may increase the risk factors for VAW as well as compound harmful impacts. Finally, the evidence of posttraumatic growth to emerge out of the suffering of people with lived experience of VAW indicates hope towards recovery.
A Life Course Approach to Women’s Health
Authors: Hardy Rebecca , Kuh Diana , Mishra Gita D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As in the first edition of this book, the evidence reviewed suggests that adverse physical and psychosocial environments in early life affect biological and psychological development with long-term health consequences for women. Since the first edition, there has been a substantial increase in the evidence supporting the impact of reproductive characteristics across life (from menarche to menopause) on women’s health throughout the life course. Social inequalities in health among women are persistent, and a life course approach remains needed to further understand what underlies the development of such inequalities. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and causal pathways across life is starting to accumulate, with new developments in genetics, data, and methodology. The global COVID-19 pandemic, starting in 2020, has obviously had a major impact on health, and the longer term consequences have begun to be studied. A major challenge, therefore, for life course epidemiology going forward, is to integrate both the study of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, in terms of risk factors and consequences, with the study of the impact of pandemic control measures on multiple generations of women and girls. Finally, it is pleasing to observe an increase in acknowledgement of the need for a life course approach to women’s health policy and health care.
Introduction
Authors: Quevedo Marysol 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces readers to the book’s main objective: tracing the classical music networks that Cuban composers cultivated between 1940 and 1991 through examining compositions, ensembles, and cultural institutions with a microhistorical approach. It sets the foundation for investigating how aesthetics and politics intersected in the case studies explored throughout the book: individual points of view largely determined the degree to which composers engaged in various local and international artistic networks; and these networks were constantly being nurtured and shaped by their actors, who also had to contend with national and global political and economic circumstances. This chapter provides readers with working definitions of key concepts: modernism, avant-garde, experimentalism, and vanguardia. Key figures Fernando Ortiz and Alejo Carpentier and their contributions to the intellectual milieu that Cuban composers inhabited—especially the concepts of transculturation and lo real maravilloso, respectively—are also discussed. It contextualizes the book within existing scholarship on twentieth-century classical music of the Americas, Eastern Europe, and the Cold War, as well as those dealing with Cuban music and Cuban studies more broadly. The chapter also provides an overview of the author’s methodology and sources, as well as summaries of the book’s chapters.
Epilogue
Authors: Quevedo Marysol 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This Epilogue summarizes salient political and cultural events in Cuba since 1991 and their effects on the classical music scene. It begins with the impact of the período especial on a younger generation of Cuban composers, many of whom left Cuba to pursue professional careers elsewhere. It discusses how new technologies and changing relations between the US and Cuban governments have allowed for greater ease of cultural exchanges than in the three preceding decades. The chapter takes into account how the Cuban State’s policies affect the music industry: from a proliferation of independent music studios and labels after the legalization of small private businesses to the repressive measures of Decreto 349 and the subsequent backlash. This section closes with a reflection on Benitez Rojo’s The Repeating Island as a framework for understanding the cyclical patterns in Cuban music history and the challenging of Western teleological historical narratives that have overlooked many of the composers and works explored in this book.
Investor Demand for Leverage: Evidence from Equity Closed-End Funds
Authors: Dam Robert , Davies Shaun William , Moon S Katie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We provide evidence that investors with leverage constraints demand leverage for the sake of leverage. We study the equity closed-end fund (CEF) market and document a strong positive relation between fund leverage and CEF premiums, indicating that investors pay a relative premium for leverage. We perform a quasi-natural experiment and identify leverage as a causal driver of the premium. Leverage changes do not signal improved fund performance. Instead, the only benefit to investors of increased leverage is amplified exposure via greater volatility and risk exposure. We supply external validity by relating our results to the betting-against-beta factor. (JEL G12, G14, G32)
Histopathologic abundance of pigmentation correlates with disease‐specific survival in malignant melanoma but is not independent of current AJCC pT stage
Authors: Aebischer Valentin , Abu‐Ghazaleh Amar , Metzler Gisela , Riedl Lena , Garbe Claus , Flatz Lukas , Eigentler Thomas , Forchhammer Stephan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe increasing number of melanoma patients makes it necessary to develop best possible strategies for prognosis assessment in order to recommend appropriate therapy and follow‐up. The prognostic significance of tumor cell pigmentation has not been fully elucidated. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained sections of 775 melanomas diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 were independently assessed for melanin pigment abundance by two investigators, and the impact on melanoma‐specific survival was calculated. Unpigmented melanomas (n = 99) had a melanoma‐specific survival of 67.7%, melanomas with moderate pigmentation (n = 384) had a melanoma‐specific survival of 85.9%, and strongly pigmented melanomas (n = 292) had a melanoma‐specific survival of 91.4% (p < .001). In an analysis of melanoma‐specific survival adjusted for pT stage and pigmentation, we found a nonsignificant impact of pigmentation abundance with a hazard ratio of 1.277 (p = .74). The study presented here provides evidence in a German cohort that patients with pigmented melanomas have a more favorable prognosis than those diagnosed with nonpigmented melanomas. Moreover, the abundance of pigmentation already seems to provide a first prognostic estimate. However, it does not appear to provide significant additional value for prognostic assessment according to the AJCC 2017 pT classification.
Microstructure Analysis and Finite Element Modelling for Creep Failure Prediction and Fitness-For-Service Assessment of Superheater Tubes
Authors: Zangeneh Sh. , Lashgari H. R. , Moazed Reza 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to perform a fitness-for-service assessment and investigate the root cause of failure of Grade 14CrMo3 steel seamless tubes typically used in superheaters in power generation plants. For this purpose, samples were taken from in-service superheater tubes in a 320 MW power plant. Thickness and hardness measurements were taken from the samples, and microstructural analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed the presence of vanadium (V) and sulfur (S) elements on the tubes' external surface (flue gas facing-side), which is indicative of fuel ash corrosion. The formation of low melting point salts, such as Na2SO4, NaVO3, Na2O, and V2O5 (particularly between 10 and 2 o'clock positions) and degradation of the protective oxide layer led to loss of tube wall thickness. On the steam side of the tubes, the formation of an iron oxide layer (particularly between 12 and 2 o'clock positions) and the presence of water in the steam due to the improper function of the steam drum created an insulated zone leading to the formation of localized hot spots, creep microvoids, and spheroidization of carbides. In addition, a thickness reduction of 18% resulted in a considerable increase in hoop stresses having a detrimental effect on the remaining creep life. To explain the creep damage mechanism and determine the remaining creep life, the Larson–Miller criteria and API 579-1/ASME fitness-for-service-1 guidelines were utilized. The effects of the reduction in wall thickness were considered by performing a three-dimensional finite element analysis. The results showed that a temperature increase of only 50 °C (from 480 °C) could decrease the life of the tubes from 30 years to less than a year.
Game theory model of corporate governance: Fitting real market environment
Authors: Zhu Yunxuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper uses two game models to fit the market subject behavior in corporategovernance from the dynamic and static dimensions. Further expanding the maingovernance subjects and adding variables with practical significance, suchas "bribery" and "social welfare," into the game theory model, some conclusions withpractical significance are found in this paper. For example, the factors such as thepossibility of checking out manager's violation, the punishment of the irregularities, and the supervision cost of the supervisory board, have an essential impact onthebehavior of corporate governance. In the static game model, this paper finds that intersubjective games and restrictions prevent “the worst result” fromoccurring. Besides, social welfare even can be improved under certain conditions. Inthemulti-coexistence game model, the equilibrium point of the static game model is uncertain, which makes the social welfare situation uncertain. The conclusions of thegame models can be used for reference to improve the corporate governancemechanism.

JEL classification: G30; M10; D21; D81
Modification of substrate specificity of L-arginine oxidase for detection of l-citrulline
Authors: Yamamoto Kei , Masakari Yosuke , Araki Yasuko , Ichiyanagi Atsushi , Ito Kotaro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Enzymatic detection of citrulline, a potential biomarker for various diseases, is beneficial. However, determining citrulline levels requires expensive instrumental analyses and complicated colorimetric assays. Although L-amino acid oxidase/dehydrogenase is widely used to detect l-amino acids, an l-citrulline-specific oxidase/dehydrogenase has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop an l-citrulline-specific enzyme by introducing a mutation into l-arginine oxidase (ArgOX) derived from Pseudomonas sp. TPU 7192 to provide a simple enzymatic l-citrulline detection system. The ratio of the oxidase activity against l-arginine to that against l-citrulline (Cit/Arg) was 1.2%, indicating that ArgOX could recognize l-citrulline as a substrate. In the dehydrogenase assay, the specific dehydrogenase activity towards l-arginine was considerably lower than the specific oxidase activity. However, the specific dehydrogenase activity towards l-citrulline was only slightly lower than the oxidase activity, resulting in improved substrate specificity with a Cit/Arg ratio of 49.5%. To enhance the substrate specificity of ArgOX, we performed site-directed mutagenesis using structure-based engineering. The 3D model structure indicated that E486 interacted with the l-arginine side chain. By introducing the E486 mutation, the specific dehydrogenase activity of ArgOX/E486Q for l-citrulline was 3.25 ± 0.50 U/mg, which was 3.8-fold higher than that of ArgOX. The Cit/Arg ratio of ArgOX/E486Q was 150%, which was higher than that of ArgOX. Using ArgOX/E486Q, linear relationships were observed within the range of 10–500 µM l-citrulline, demonstrating its suitability for detecting citrulline in human blood. Consequently, ArgOX/E486Q can be adapted as an enzymatic sensor in the dehydrogenase system.