bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma with an inferior vena cava tumor thrombus that was completely resected by robot-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy after neoadjuvant therapy nivolumab plus ipilimumab: a case report
Authors: Tsuchiyama Ayaka , Ohba Kojiro , Nakanishi Hiromi , Yasuda Takuji , Nakamura Yuichiro , Kurohama Hirokazu , Mitsunari Kensuke , Matsuo Tomohiro , Mochizuki Yasushi , Imamura Ryoichi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe here present a patient with a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma complicated by inferior vena cava tumor thrombus that we treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. This resulted in shrinkage of the tumor, enabling complete resection by robot-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. The patient is still alive with no evidence of recurrence.
Radiation hazards and extremophiles bioaccumulation of radionuclides from hypersaline lakes and hot springs
Authors: Abdelkarim M. S. , Imam N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRadioactivity measurements for water, sediment, microbial films and the bioaccumulation of radionuclides by extremophiles from hypersaline lakes and hot springs were carried out as scarcity studies in the Siwa Oasis, Egypt. Natural and man-made radionuclides were measured using high-resolution γ-spectrometry. Different radionuclides behaved differently in different environmental samples, while radionuclides were higher in microbial films compared to sediment, but all radionuclide levels except 226Ra in water were generally low. Microbial films from hypersaline lakes had higher concentrations of 40K, while microbial films from freshwater hot springs had the highest concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 137Cs. The calculated radiological hazard index parameters of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose (AED) and external hazard (Hex) in the sediment were within acceptable limits, but were higher in the microbial film samples. Otherwise, the potential cancer risk of the three freshwater springs was 0.00244 ± 0.000293, 0.00135.6 ± 0.000172 and 0.00155.2 ± 0.000198. In addition, the bioaccumulation factor for microbial films indicated that they are good accumulators of radionuclides, especially for 226Ra and 232Th, which may contribute to their effectiveness in removing radionuclides from ecosystems.
Pitfalls and Future Directions of Contemporary Pediatric Valve Surgery: the Case for Living Valve Substitutes
Authors: Nguyen Stephanie N. , Vinogradsky Alice V. , Ferrari Giovanni , Sykes Megan , Bacha Emile A. , Richmond Marc E. , Goldstone Andrew B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Infants and young children with congenital heart disease and valvular lesions may require valve replacement when a durable repair is unlikely. The fundamental problem with currently available valve substitutes in all positions is the lack of somatic growth potential. Young patients are therefore committed to multiple reoperations for successively larger valve replacements by the time they reach adulthood.

Recent Findings
An emerging solution to this issue is allogeneic valve transplantation whereby the implanted valve is harvested from the heart of a deceased donor. The major advantage of this approach is the use of living tissue which grows adaptively with the child, thereby minimizing the number and additive risk of subsequent reoperations for valve exchange but incurring the risks of immunosuppression.

Summary
Here, we review the advantages and disadvantages of currently available valve replacement options for each of the four valves. We also discuss the potential role and future directions for allogeneic valve transplantation in pediatric valve surgery.
Dividing the transit wind speeds into intervals as a favorable methodology for analyzing the relationship between wind speed and the aerodynamic impedance of vegetation in semiarid grasslands
Authors: Li Ruishen , Pei Haifeng , Zhang Shengwei , Li Fengming , Lin Xi , Wang Shuai , Yang Lin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn grassland ecosystems, the aerodynamic roughness (Z0) and frictional wind speed (u*) contribute to the aerodynamic impedance of the grassland canopy. Thus, they are often used in the studies of wind erosion and evapotranspiration. However, the effect of wind speed and grazing measures on the aerodynamic impedance of the grassland canopy has received less analysis. In this study, we monitored wind speeds at multiple heights in grazed and grazing-prohibited grasslands for 1 month in 2021, determined the transit wind speed at 2.0 m height by comparing wind speed differences at the same height in both grasslands, and divided these transit wind speeds at intervals of 2.0 m/s to analyze the effect of the transit wind speed on the relationship among Z0, u*, and wind speed within the grassland canopy. The results showed that dividing the transit wind speeds into intervals has a positive effect on the logarithmic fit of the wind speed profile. After dividing the transit wind speeds into intervals, the wind speed at 0.1 m height (V0.1) gradually decreased with the increase of Z0, exhibiting three distinct stages: a sharp change zone, a steady change zone, and a flat zone; while the overall trend of u* increased first and then decreased with the increase of V0.1. Dividing the transit wind speeds into intervals improved the fitting relationship between Z0 and V0.1 and changed their fitting functions in grazed and grazing-prohibited grasslands. According to the computational fluid dynamic results, we found that the number of tall-stature plants has a more significant effect on windproof capacity than their height. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between wind speed and the aerodynamic impedance of vegetation in grassland environments.
Renal pathology in adult and paediatric population of Japan: review of the Japan renal biopsy registry database from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Goto Kazunori , Imaizumi Takahiro , Hamada Riku , Ishikura Kenji , Kosugi Tomoki , Narita Ichiei , Sugiyama Hitoshi , Shimizu Akira , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Sato Hiroshi , Mauryama Shoichi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The Japan Renal Biopsy Registry (J-RBR), a nationwide, web-based, registry system, started in 2007. This study aimed to summarise the epidemiology of biopsy-diagnosed kidney disease in Japan over 10 years.

Methods
We analysed the J-RBR database, from 2007 to 2017. Patients’ clinical data collected at the time of biopsy and histopathological diagnoses were used for epidemiological and clinicopathologic analyses.

Results
The predominant renal biopsy diagnoses were immunoglobulin A nephropathy (39.2%), lupus nephritis (6.5%) and minimal change disease (6.0%) in younger adults (19–64 years), and membranous nephropathy (17.4%), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis or anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (13.0%), and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (12.5%) in older adults (≥ 65 years). The percentages of patients diagnosed with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and immunoglobulin A nephropathy decreased, whereas those with immunoglobulin A vasculitis and diabetic nephropathy increased over the decade. In paediatric patients (< 19 years), immunoglobulin A nephropathy (36.1%), minimal change disease (17.6%), and immunoglobulin A vasculitis (8.6%) were the predominant diagnoses. The percentage of patients diagnosed with immunoglobulin A vasculitis increased over the decade. Based on the sex distribution, minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy were predominant in men aged < 20 and > 40 years, respectively, whereas immunoglobulin A vasculitis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis or anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis were predominant in women in their 20s and 30s and aged < 50 years, respectively. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy was predominant in men at most ages and in women in their 20s to 40s.

Conclusions
This study describes the distribution and changes in kidney biopsy diagnoses over 10 years in Japan and paves the way for future research on kidney diseases in adults and children.

Graphical abstract
Fundamental properties of fuzzy rough sets based on triangular norms and fuzzy implications: the properties characterized by fuzzy neighborhood and fuzzy topology
Authors: Wang Zhaohao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFuzzy rough set models are useful tools for dealing with fuzzy and real-valued data. They have been used in many real-world applications. In this paper, we investigate the fuzzy rough set model based on triangular norms and fuzzy implications. First, we extend some results in the published literature by removing the condition that is the continuity of triangular norms, and obtain more general conclusion about fuzzy upper approximation operators. Then, for the fuzzy neighborhood and the fuzzy lower approximation operator based on fuzzy implications, we investigate their characterization with each other. Finally, we establish the relationships between fuzzy rough sets and fuzzy topology. In this work, researches on the properties of fuzzy rough sets based on triangular norms which need not be continuous provide generalization results for fuzzy rough set theory from viewpoint of mathematics.
Revisiting the Diffuse Layer Polarization of a Spherical Grain in Electrolytes With Numerical Solutions of Nernst‐Planck‐Poisson Equations
Authors: Niu Qifei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInduced polarization (IP) has been frequently used in solid earth geophysics, hydrology, and environmental sciences. A mechanistic understanding of the IP responses of geological materials is crucial for correctly interpreting field IP measurements. In this study, the fully‐coupled, nonlinear Nernst‐Planck‐Poisson equations are numerically solved to analyze the electrochemical mechanism of diffuse layer polarization around a spherical grain immersed in electrolytes. The numerical results show diffuse layer polarization is formed by the charge separation between counterions in the diffuse layer and charges on the grain surface. Both tangential and normal movements of counterions in the diffuse layer are involved in the polarization process, but their relative contributions are distinct. Although the normal flux of counterions outweighs the flux in the tangential direction, the latter exerts a much more profound effect on the enhanced permittivity than the former. As the salinity increases, more tangential fluxes are involved in the polarization, and a longer time is required to polarize the diffuse layer fully. Theoretical models considering either pure tangential or normal fluxes are not able to correctly describe diffuse layer polarization. The Fixman model, which considers fluxes in both directions, could accurately predict the IP responses of the grain‐electrolyte system over a broad salinity range if the length parameter in the model is correctly chosen.
Evaluating the Drivers of Quaternary Dust Fluxes to the Western North Pacific: East Asian Dustiness and Northern Hemisphere Gustiness
Authors: Abell Jordan T. , Winckler Gisela , Pullen Alex , Kinsley Christopher W. , Kapp Paul A. , Middleton Jennifer L. , Pavia Frank J. , McGee David , Ford Heather L. , Raymo Maureen E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuantifying variability in, and identifying the mechanisms behind, East Asian dust production and transport across the last several million years is essential for constraining future dust emissions and deposition. Our current understanding of East Asian dust dynamics through the Quaternary is primarily limited to low‐resolution records from the North Pacific Ocean, those from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), and paleoenvironmental reconstructions from arid basins. All are susceptible to sediment winnowing and focusing as well as input of poorly constrained or unidentified non‐dust detrital material. To avoid these limitations, we examine high‐resolution, constant flux proxy‐derived dust fluxes from the North Pacific and find evidence for higher glacial dust fluxes in the late Pliocene‐early Pleistocene compared to the late Pleistocene‐Holocene. Our results suggest decreasing dust transported to the mid‐latitude North Pacific Ocean from eastern Asia across the Quaternary. This observation is ostensibly at odds with previous dust records from marine sediments and the CLP, and with the perception of higher East Asian dust production and transport during the late Pleistocene associated with the amplification of glaciations. We provide three possible scenarios to describe the ∼2,700‐ky evolution of eastern Asia glacial dust dynamics, and discuss them in the context of sediment production, availability, and atmospheric circulation. Our data and proposed driving mechanisms not only raise questions about the framework typically used to interpret dust archives from East Asia and the North Pacific Ocean, but also provide a roadmap for hypothesis testing and future work necessary to produce better‐constrained records of paleo‐dust fluxes.
The Air Pollution Human Health Burden in Different Future Scenarios That Involve the Mitigation of Near‐Term Climate Forcers, Climate and Land‐Use
Authors: Turnock Steven T. , Reddington Carly L. , West J. Jason , O’Connor Fiona M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElevated surface concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to poor air quality and detrimental impacts on human health. These pollutants are also termed Near‐Term Climate Forcers (NTCFs) as they can also influence the Earth's radiative balance on timescales shorter than long‐lived greenhouse gases. Here we use the Earth system model, UKESM1, to simulate the change in surface ozone and PM2.5 concentrations from different NTCF mitigation scenarios, conducted as part of the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). These are then combined with relative risk estimates and projected changes in population demographics, to estimate the mortality burden attributable to long‐term exposure to ambient air pollution. Scenarios that involve the strong mitigation of air pollutant emissions yield large future benefits to human health (25%), particularly across Asia for black carbon (7%), when compared to the future reference pathway. However, if anthropogenic emissions follow the reference pathway, then impacts to human health worsen over South Asia in the short term (11%) and across Africa (20%) in the longer term. Future climate change impacts on air pollutants can offset some of the health benefits achieved by emission mitigation measures over Europe for PM2.5 and East Asia for ozone. In addition, differences in the future chemical environment over regions are important considerations for mitigation measures to achieve the largest benefit to human health. Future policy measures to mitigate climate warming need to also consider the impact on air quality and human health across different regions to achieve the maximum co‐benefits.
An Observational and Modeling Study of Inverse‐Temperature Layer and Water Surface Heat Flux
Authors: Wang Jingfeng , Liu Heping , Shen Lian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn “inverse‐temperature layer” (ITL) of water temperature increasing with depth is predicted based on physical principles and confirmed by in situ observations. Water temperature and other meteorological data were collected from a fixed platform in the middle of a shallow inland lake. The ITL persists year‐around with its depth on the order of one m varying diurnally and seasonally and shallower during daytimes than nighttimes. Water surface heat flux derived from the ITL temperature distribution follows the diurnal cycle of solar radiation up to 300 W m−2 during daytime and down to 50 W m−2 during nighttime. Solar radiation attenuation in water strongly influences the ITL dynamics and water surface heat flux. Water surface heat flux simulated by two non‐gradient models independent of temperature gradient, wind speed and surface roughness using the data of surface temperature and solar radiation is in close agreement with the ITL based estimates.
Characteristics of High‐Energy Protons in the Equatorial Plane of Inner Radiation Belt Observed by Van Allen Probes
Authors: He Zhaohai , Xu Jiyao , Dai Lei , Wang Chi , Chen Tao , Duan Suping , Roth Ilan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLong‐term and short‐term variations of high‐energy protons in the inner radiation belt are of major importance in geospace research. The entire inner radiation belt at 1.1 < L < 3.0 have been investigated based on Van Allen Probes Relativistic Electron‐Proton Telescope data during the descending phase of the solar cycle (2013–2018). It is found that two belts with peaks near L = 1.5 and L = 2.0 for E < 50 MeV protons and one belt at L = 1.5 for E > 50 MeV protons, once they are formed, last for more than 6 years. In the outer zone of the inner belt (1.8 < L < 2.4), the variations of high‐energy proton fluxes with E < 50 MeV are well correlated with SYM‐H index, while only weak correlation is found for them in the inner region at 1.3 < L < 1.6. Geomagnetic disturbances do not show clear correlation with variations for E > 50 MeV protons in the whole inner radiation belt. By analyzing the structure evolution of the inner radiation belt during half of the solar cycle, we found that the entire inner radiation belt shrinks at solar minimum and stretches at solar maximum. Our results reveal the relationship between high‐energy protons and SYM‐H index and solar cycle modulation on the whole configuration of inner radiation belt, which may assist in understanding and modeling of the inner radiation belt protons.
Mars Global Distribution of the External Magnetic Field and Its Variability: MAVEN Observation and MHD Prediction
Authors: Fang Xiaohua , Ma Yingjuan , Luhmann Janet , Dong Yaxue , Halekas Jasper , Curry Shannon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study the average global distribution of the external magnetic field at Mars, and its variability with the upstream solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field as well as with the ambient crustal magnetic field strength. Our approach involves excluding the intrinsic planetary field from the total magnetic field by applying a crustal field model previously derived using low altitude measurements. The distribution of the average external field that remains is statistically analyzed using nearly 8 years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations and several global, time‐dependent magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Overall consistent results have been obtained from the data and model, which are complementary to each other and cross validate the findings. It is found that the external field is significantly enhanced from the upstream across the bow shock (BS) and further intensifies closer to the planet in the topside ionosphere. It peaks at ∼170 km altitude near the subsolar point, significantly decreasing with increasing solar zenith angle. There is a strong day‐night asymmetry in the external field, with a typical dayside intensity of ∼15–50 nT and a nightside intensity of ∼5–15 nT. Under high solar wind dynamic pressures and IMFs, the external field may be enhanced by a factor of ∼2 everywhere below the BS, on both the dayside and nightside. In addition, our model results suggest that strong crustal fields, which effectively withstand the penetration of the solar wind, reduce the external field at low altitudes.
Ion Energization by Turbulent Electric Fields in Fast Earthward Flows and Its Implications for the Dynamics of the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Usanova M. E. , Ergun R. E. , Stawarz J. E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLarge‐amplitude electric fields (>50 mV/m) typical to bursty bulk flow (BBF) braking regions of the Earth's magnetotail can accelerate energetic electrons and ions to many times their initial thermal energies. We follow up on the Usanova and Ergun (2022), https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030336, study of electron energization and examine wave and plasma observations from the THEMIS satellites over four tail seasons to investigate the transfer of BBF energy to ions by turbulent electric fields. The results show that the large‐amplitude electric fields are accompanied by an ion temperature increase of ∼50% when compared to times when the turbulence is not observed. Electric field turbulence is also associated with a roughly ten‐fold increase in temperature fluctuations and a five‐fold increase in variations of energetic ion fluxes. We discuss the contribution of this turbulent energy transfer process to the dynamics of energetic ions in the magnetosphere.
Seasonal and Mach Number Variation of the Martian Bow Shock Structure
Authors: Fruchtman Jacob , Halekas Jasper , Gruesbeck Jacob , Mitchell David , Mazelle Christian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLike its terrestrial counterpart, the Martian bow shock can exhibit foot, ramp, and overshoot substructures. The shock extent is known to vary with solar wind and season, but it remains an open question whether other features of the bow shock also vary seasonally. By comparing parameters of the shock during different seasons and solar wind conditions, we investigated whether the presence of seasonal planetary ions has any effect on the shock structure. We utilized a series of algorithms to automatically collect and analyze 7056 shock crossings from MAVEN spacecraft data between November 2014 and 2019. We compared the magnetic shock jump and overshoot amplitude as functions of upstream parameters and season. We found that the magnetic shock jump agrees to first order with Rankine‐Hugoniot predictions, and that the overshoot amplitude dependence on critical ratio, beta and Alfvén Mach number agree with the results of previous studies. These trends are identical for all seasons. We also found that the shock jump and fast Mach number correlate primarily with solar zenith angle, whereas overshoot amplitude correlates primarily with shock extent. We found that the most likely cause of the latter was an unexpected strong correlation between overshoot amplitude and the solar wind flow fast Mach number. The seasonal variability of the Sun‐Mars system does not appear to be strongly reflected in the resulting shock structure. The bow shock structure is controlled mainly by the properties of the solar wind, rather than by Mars' location in its orbit around the Sun.
Ridge Propagation and the Stability of Small Mid‐Ocean Ridge Offsets
Authors: Harper Hugh , Luttrell Karen , Sandwell David T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe mid‐ocean ridge system comprises a series of spreading ridges, transform faults, propagating ridges, and other non‐transform offsets. Transform faults remain stable for millions of years leaving long linear scars, or fracture zones, on older seafloor. Propagating ridges migrate in the ridge parallel direction leaving V‐shaped or W‐shaped scars on older seafloor. Vertical gravity gradient maps can now resolve the details of the ridge segmentation. For slow‐ and intermediate‐spreading ridges, there appears to be an offset length threshold above which adjacent ridges do not propagate so remain as stable transform faults. We propose this threshold is due to the yield strength of the lithosphere, and we develop a model framework based on a force balance wherein forces driving propagation must exceed the integrated shear strength of the offset zone. We apply this model framework to 5 major propagating ridges, 55 seesaw propagating ridges, and 69 transform faults. The model correctly predicts the migration of 4 out of 5 major propagating ridges and the stability of transform faults, but the results for seesaw propagators are less accurate. Model predictions for direction of ridge propagation are mixed as well. This model framework simplifies deformation in the shear zone, but can possibly explain why non‐transform deformation is preferred at short offsets.