bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doppler Shift Approximation for Predicting the Wave-Induced Response of Advancing Vessels in Following Waves
Authors: Mounet Raphaël E. G. , Nielsen Ulrik D. , Brodtkorb Astrid H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Being able to predict wave-induced responses of a ship is essential for assessment of safety and energy efficiency. The classical seakeeping theory has established a linear relationship between the wave spectrum and the induced response spectrum. However, for a ship sailing with non-zero forward speed, the wave components excite the structure at the encounter frequency, differing from the intrinsic wave frequency. In following seas, the Doppler shift introduces complications in the theoretical transformation of spectra from intrinsic- to encounter-frequency domains, and vice versa, the latter resulting in non-unique solutions. The present study proposes to mathematically substitute this non-bijective mapping with a bijective function approximating the true formulation of the Doppler shift. A case study is considered, simulating the motions of a Panamax containership in waves, to assess the quality of the response estimates computed through the approximation approach. The results demonstrate the ability and practicality of the method in accurately deriving response spectra for a wide range of forward speeds and headings, also in conditions that involve following waves.
Multi-Particle Modelling of Compressive Ice Failure During Indentation by Rock Particles
Authors: Fitzpatrick Thomas , Taylor Rocky S. , Thijssen Jan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The indentation of rock particles into ice is an important aspect of understanding subsea interactions involving ice features. If rock particles are present at the interface between ice and an engineered structure, the question arises: will localization of contact by the rocks cause the ice to fail more easily, resulting in reduced ice pressures, or will rocks transmit high ice pressures through smaller contact areas between the rock and structure resulting in more intense contact stresses on the surface of the structure? This paper presents initial results from a series of tests investigating the indentation of multiple rock particles into an ice specimen, which builds on earlier ice indentation tests on single unconstrained rock particles. Observations from tests conducted using 170g samples of rocks ranging in size from 9.5mm–19.1mm for tests completed at an indentation rate of 0.5 mm/s for indentation depths of 5 mm and 7 mm are presented and discussed. In addition, preliminary results are presented from a Matlab model that has been developed based on the aggregation of independent, individual particle-ice interaction events to simulate multiple particle-ice interactions. A comparison of experimental and simulated results indicates good general agreement and supports the assumption of independent particle-ice indentation events for the interaction conditions considered.
Stress Intensity Factors and T-Stress Solutions for Mixed-Mode Compact-Tension-Shear (CTS) Specimens With Slanted Propagating Cracks
Authors: Jin Pengfei , Liu Zheng , Chen Xu , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
More and more attention has been paid to the problems of fatigue fracture in mixed fracture modes, and researchers have developed a variety of laboratory specimen types. Among them, the Compact-Tension-Shear (CTS) specimen with its loading device has been widely used in mixed-mode I&II fatigue crack growth (FCG) experiments. In this paper, for CTS specimen with slanted propagating crack, the variation of stress field parameters including stress intensity factors (SIFs) and T-stresses were investigated through three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis. The results show that the direction of crack initiation tends to make KII vanish and then the crack propagates in a mode I dominant manner even under mode II dominant loading angles. In addition, among the considered range of geometries, T11 is greatly influenced by the initial crack length ratio, the slanted propagating crack length ratio and the loading angle, but rarely by the specimen thickness ratio. However, T33 as an out-of-plane constraint parameter, is subject to the coupling effects of in-plane geometries, out-of-plane geometries and the mixed-mode loading. The conclusions obtained in the current work will provide usable constraint-related crack front stress field parameter solutions for the analysis of fatigue crack propagating behavior in mixed fracture mode.
Low and High Cycle Fatigue Performance Limits of Seamless and Seam-Welded Umbilical Super Duplex Stainless Steel Tubes
Authors: Raji Hauwa , Fletcher-Woods Jamie , Dobson Alan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Umbilicals provide the critical link between remote subsea wells and fixed or floating production systems, providing control, power and communication services. Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) umbilicals, designed for both static and dynamic applications, are now the preferred solution in wellhead control systems for deep water projects. The performance of the steel tube umbilicals (STU) is governed by the low and high cycle fatigue resistance of the seamless or seam-welded small bore SDSS tubes which act as the umbilicals tensile members.
This paper presents data on the low and high cycle fatigue performance of seamless and seam-welded umbilical SDSS tubes. Axial high cycle fatigue test data from pre-strained samples is presented and compared with industry standard curves. In addition, the impact of increasing levels of plastic strain cycling on the material integrity and fatigue performance of steel tubes is presented with the aim of defining an acceptable level of plastic strain that is not detrimental to its integrity.
Iron ions regulate antifungal HSAF biosynthesis in
Lysobacter enzymogenes
by manipulating the DNA-binding affinity of the ferric uptake regulator (Fur)
Authors: Tang Bao , Wang Bo , Xu Zhizhou , Hou Rouxian , Zhang Min , Chen Xian , Liu Youzhou , Liu Fengquan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF), produced by
Lysobacter enzymogenes
OH11, is regarded as a potential biological pesticide due to its broad-spectrum antifungal activity and novel mode of action. However, the current production of HSAF is low and cannot meet the requirements for large-scale production. Herein, we discovered that iron ions greatly promoted HSAF production, and the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) was involved in this regulatory process. Fur was also found to participate in the regulation of iron homeostasis in OH11 via the classic inhibition mechanism of
Holo
-Fur. Furthermore, Fur was collectively observed to directly bind to the promoter of the HSAF biosynthesis gene, and its DNA-binding affinity was attenuated by the addition of iron ions
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Its regulatory mechanism followed the uncommon inhibition mechanism of
Apo
-Fur. In summary, Fur exhibited a bidirectional regulatory mechanism in OH11. This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism whereby Fur upregulates the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. These findings contribute to the improvement of HSAF production and may guide its development into biological pesticides.

IMPORTANCE
HSAF possesses potent and broad antifungal activity with a novel mode of action. The HSAF yield is critical for fermentation production. In this study, iron ions were found to increase HSAF production, and the specific mechanism was elaborated. These results provide theoretical support for genetic transformation to improve HSAF yield, supporting its development into biological pesticides.
State-of-the-Art Approaches to Heterologous Expression of Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Solid Tumors
Authors: Misorin Aleksei K. , Chernyshova Darya O. , Karbyshev Mikhail S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are some of the most promising biotherapeutics due to the versatility provided by their structure and functional features. bsAbs simultaneously bind two antigens or two epitopes on the same antigen. Moreover, they are capable of directing immune effector cells to cancer cells and delivering various compounds (radionuclides, toxins, and immunologic agents) to the target cells, thus offering a broad spectrum of clinical applications. Current review is focused on the technologies used in bsAb engineering, current progress and prospects of these antibodies, and selection of various heterologous expression systems for bsAb production. We also discuss the platforms development of bsAbs for the therapy of solid tumors.
Early treatment of type II SMA slows rate of progression of scoliosis
Authors: Coratti Giorgia , Lenkowicz Jacopo , Pera Maria Carmela , D'Amico Adele , Bruno Claudio , Gullì Consolato , Brolatti Noemi , Pedemonte Marina , Antonaci Laura , Ricci Martina , Capasso Anna , Cicala Gianpaolo , Cutrona Costanza , de Sanctis Roberto , Carnicella Sara , Forcina Nicola , Cateruccia Michela , Damasio Maria Beatrice , Labianca Luca , Manfroni Francesca , Leone Antonio , Bertini Enrico , Pane Marika , Patarnello Stefano , Valentini Vincenzo , Mercuri Eugenio 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundType II spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) often leads to scoliosis in up to 90% of cases. While pharmacological treatments have shown improvements in motor function, their impact on scoliosis progression remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate potential differences in scoliosis progression between treated and untreated SMA II patients.MethodsTreatment effect on Cobb’s angle annual changes and on reaching a 50° Cobb angle was analysed in treated and untreated type II SMA patients with a minimum 1.5-year follow-up. A sliding cut-off approach identified the optimal treatment subpopulation based on age, Cobb angle and Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded at the initial visit. Mann-Whitney U-test assessed statistical significance.ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the untreated (n=46) and treated (n=39) populations. The mean Cobb angle variation did not significantly differ between the two groups (p=0.4). Optimal cut-off values for a better outcome were found to be having a Cobb angle <26° or an age <4.5 years. When using optimal cut-off, the treated group showed a lower mean Cobb variation compared with the untreated group (5.61 (SD 4.72) degrees/year vs 10.05 (SD 6.38) degrees/year; p=0.01). Cox-regression analysis indicated a protective treatment effect in reaching a 50° Cobb angle, significant in patients <4.5 years old (p=0.016).ConclusionThis study highlights that pharmacological treatment, if initiated early, may slow down the progression of scoliosis in type II SMA patients. Larger studies are warranted to further investigate the effectiveness of individual pharmacological treatment on scoliosis progression in this patient population.
Use of non-surgical treatments on the journey to knee replacement in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a 10-year population-based case–control study
Authors: Dell'Isola Andrea , Hellberg Clara , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Appleyard Tom , Yu Dahai , Thomas Geraint , Peat George , Englund Martin 
Published: September 2023

AimTo investigate temporal trends in primary care visits, physiotherapy visits, dispensed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients who have and have not undergone knee replacement.MethodsWe analysed 5665 OA patients from the Skåne Healthcare Register, Sweden, who underwent knee replacement between 2015 and 2019. Controls were OA patients without knee replacement, matched 1:1 by sex, age, time and healthcare level of initial OA diagnosis, and assigned a pseudo-index date corresponding to their case’s knee replacement date. Annual prevalence and prevalence ratio of primary care and physiotherapy visits, dispensed NSAIDs and opioids (all for any cause) in the 10 years before knee replacement were estimated using Poisson regression.ResultsThe annual prevalence of all-cause primary care visits, physiotherapy visits and opioid use was similar between cases and controls until 3 years before the index date when it started to increase among the cases. The year before the index date, the prevalence ratio (cases vs controls) for physiotherapy use was 1.8 (95% CI 1.7, 1.8), while for opioid use 1.6 (1.5, 1.7). NSAID use was consistently higher among cases, even 10 years before the index date when the prevalence ratio versus controls was 1.3 (1.2, 1.3), increasing to 1.8 (1.7, 1.9) in the year preceding the index date.ConclusionsManagement of OA patients who have and have not undergone knee replacement appears largely similar except for higher use of NSAIDs in knee replacement cases. Symptomatic treatments start to increase a few years before the surgery in knee replacement cases.
Can the two-pole structure of the $$D_{0}^{*}(2300)$$ be understood from recent lattice data?
Authors: Asokan Anuvind , Tang Meng-Na , Guo Feng-Kun , Hanhart Christoph , Kamiya Yuki , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt was demonstrated in a series of papers employing unitarized chiral perturbation theory that the phenomenology of the scalar open-charm state, the $$D_0^*(2300)$$

D
0
∗

(
2300
)

, can be understood as the interplay of two poles, corresponding to two scalar-isospin doublet states with different SU(3) flavor content. Within this formalism the lightest open charm positive parity states emerge as being dynamically generated from the scattering of the Goldstone-boson octet off D mesons, a picture that at the same time solves various problems that the experimental observations posed. However, in recent lattice studies of $$D\pi $$

D
π

scattering at different pion masses only one pole was reported in the $$D_0^*$$

D
0
∗

channel, while it was not possible to extract reliable parameters of a second pole from the lattice data. In this paper we demonstrate how this seeming contradiction can be understood and that imposing SU(3) constraints on the fitting amplitudes allows one to extract information on the second pole from the lattice data with minimal bias. The results may also be regarded as a showcase how approximate symmetries can be imposed in the K-matrix formalism to reduce the number of parameters.
Elsa: enhanced latent spaces for improved collider simulations
Authors: Nachman Benjamin , Winterhalder Ramon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSimulations play a key role for inference in collider physics. We explore various approaches for enhancing the precision of simulations using machine learning, including interventions at the end of the simulation chain (reweighting), at the beginning of the simulation chain (pre-processing), and connections between the end and beginning (latent space refinement). To clearly illustrate our approaches, we use W + jets matrix element surrogate simulations based on normalizing flows as a prototypical example. First, weights in the data space are derived using machine learning classifiers. Then, we pull back the data-space weights to the latent space to produce unweighted examples and employ the Latent Space Refinement (Laser) protocol using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. An alternative approach is an augmented normalizing flow, which allows for different dimensions in the latent and target spaces. These methods are studied for various pre-processing strategies, including a new and general method for massive particles at hadron colliders that is a tweak on the widely-used RamboOnDiet mapping. We find that modified simulations can achieve sub-percent precision across a wide range of phase space.
β-Aminoisobutyric Acid Relates to Favorable Glucose Metabolism through Adiponectin in Adults with Obesity Independent of Prediabetes
Authors: Faiz Habiba , Heiston Emily M. , Malin Steven K. 
Published: September 2023

β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is secreted by skeletal muscle and promotes insulin sensitivity, fat oxidation, and anti-inflammation. While BAIBA is purportedly lower in individuals with obesity, no work has examined if prediabetes (PD) differentially impacts BAIBA concentrations in people with obesity. Methods. Adults were classified as normal glucose tolerant (NGT;

n
=
22

(20F);

48.0
±
2.4

yrs;

36.9
±
1.2

kg/m2) or PD (

n
=
23

(18F);

54.2
±
1.6

yrs;

38.4
±
1.2

kg/m2) based on ADA criteria. A 180-minute 75 g OGTT was used to estimate fasting (HOMA-IR (liver)) and postprandial (Matsuda index (muscle)) insulin sensitivity as well as β-cell function (disposition index (DI), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion adjusted for insulin sensitivity). Body composition and fasting measures of BAIBA, fat oxidation (indirect calorimetry), and adipokines were determined. Results. NGT and PD had similar BAIBA concentrations (

1.4
±
0.1

vs.

1.2
±
0.1

μM,

P
=
0.23

) and fat oxidation (

P
=
0.31

), despite NGT having lower fasting (

92.2
±
1.2

vs.

104.1
±
3.2

mg/dL,

P
=
0.002

) and

tAU

C

180
min

glucose (

P
<
0.001

) compared to PD. Moreover, NGT had higher postprandial insulin sensitivity (

P
=
0.01

) and higher total phase

D

I

liver

(

P
=
0.003

) and

D

I

muscle

(

P
=
0.001

). Increased BAIBA was associated with adiponectin (

r
=
0.37

,

P
=
0.02

), adiponectin/leptin ratio (

r
=
0.39

,

P
=
0.01

), and lower glucose and insulin at 180 minutes (

r
=
−
0.31

,

P
=
0.03

and

r
=
−
0.39

,

P
=
0.03

, respectively). Adiponectin also correlated with lower glucose at 180 minutes (

r
=
−
0.45

,

P
=
0.005

), and mediation analysis showed that BAIBA was no longer a significant predictor of glucose at 180 minutes after controlling for adiponectin (

P
=
0.08

). Conclusion. While BAIBA did not differ between NGT and PD, higher BAIBA is related to favorable glucose metabolism, possibly through an adiponectin-related mechanism. Additional work is required to understand how exercise and/or diet impact BAIBA in relation to type 2 diabetes risk.
Genetic Predictors of Ibrutinib-related Cardiovascular Side Effects in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Hamadeh Issam S. , Patel Jai N. , Jacobs Ryan , Zeng Hang , He Jiaxian , Hu Bei , Moyo Tamara Kay , Soni Amy , Park Steven , Copelan Ed , Avalos Belinda , Hamilton Alicia , Steuerwald Nury , Ghosh Nilanjan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with ibrutinib are at risk of developing cardiovascular side effects (CVSE). The molecular determinants of CVSEs have not been fully elucidated. We interrogated genetic polymorphisms in the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) signaling pathway for their association with ibrutinib-related CVSEs.

Experimental Design:
We conducted a retrospective/prospective observational pharmacogenetic study of 50 patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed CLL who received ibrutinib at a starting daily dose of 420 mg for at least 6 months. CVSEs, primarily atrial fibrillation and hypertension, occurred in 10 patients (20%), of whom 4 discontinued therapy. DNA was isolated from buccal swabs of all 50 patients and genotyped for 40 SNPs in GATA4, SGK1, KCNQ1, KCNA4, NPPA, and SCN5A using a customized next-generation sequencing panel. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine genetic and clinical factors associated with the incidence of ibrutinib-related CVSEs.

Results:
GATA4 rs804280 AA (P = 0.043), KCNQ1 rs163182 GG (P = 0.036), and KCNQ1 rs2237895 AA (P = 0.023) genotypes were univariately associated with ibrutinib-related CVSEs. On the basis of multivariate analysis, a high genetic risk score, defined as the presence of at least two of these genotypes, was associated with 11.5-fold increased odds of CVSEs (P = 0.019; 95% confidence interval, 1.79–119.73).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest possible genetic determinants of ibrutinib-related CVSEs in CLL. If replicated in a larger study, pretreatment pharmacogenetic testing for GATA4 and KCNQ1 polymorphisms may be a useful clinical tool for personalizing treatment selection for CLL and/or instituting early risk mitigation strategies.
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Distinct Binding Modes Reveal Differential Functional Impact on B-Cell Receptor Signaling
Authors: Li Wei , Sano Renata , Apatira Mutiah , DeAnda Felix , Gururaja Tarikere , Yang Muhua , Lundgaard Greta , Pan Chin , Liu Jing , Zhai Yongjiao , Yoon Woo Hyun , Wang Longcheng , Tse Chris , Souers Andrew J. , Lee Chih-Hung 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) have been approved for the treatment of multiple B-cell malignancies and are being evaluated for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Various BTK inhibitors (BTKi) have distinct potencies, selectivity profiles, and binding modes within the ATP-binding site. On the basis of the latter feature, BTKis can be classified into those that occupy the back-pocket, H3 pocket, and the hinge region only. Hypothesizing that differing binding modes may have differential impact on the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, we evaluated the activities of multiple BTKis in B-cell lymphoma models in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that, although all three types of BTKis potently inhibited BTK-Y223 autophosphorylation and phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2)-Y1217 transphosphorylation, hinge-only binders were defective in inhibiting BTK-mediated calcium mobilization upon BCR activation. In addition, PLCγ2 activation was effectively blocked by back-pocket and H3 pocket binders but not by hinge-only binders. Further investigation using TMD8 cells deficient in Rac family small GTPase 2 (RAC2) revealed that RAC2 functioned as a bypass mechanism, allowing for residual BCR signaling and PLCγ2 activation when BTK kinase activity was fully inhibited by the hinge-only binders. These data reveal a kinase activity–independent function of BTK, involving RAC2 in transducing BCR signaling events, and provide mechanistic rationale for the selection of clinical candidates for B-cell lymphoma indications.
Gifted & Talented Programs and Racial Segregation
Authors: Thompson Owen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Racial segregation can occur not only between schools but also within schools, and there has been particular concern that gifted & talented (G&T) programs may increase within-school segregation at the primary school level. This paper evaluates the contribution of G&T education to racial segregation using data on the presence and racial composition of G&T programs at virtually all U.S. elementary schools over a span of nine school years. I first show that, consistent with widespread perceptions, G&T programs do disproportionately enroll White and Asian students while Black, Hispanic, and Native American students are underrepresented. Next, I calculate the changes in the Dissimilarity and Exposure Indices that occur when G&T programs are treated as fully separate schools, which provides a transparent measure of their contribution to overall racial segregation. These calculations indicate that accounting for the within-school racial sorting caused by G&T education increases the Dissimilarity Index by 10 to 20 percent, and has little to no impact on the Exposure Index. Finally, to study the potential effects of G&T programs on enrollments over time, I estimate event-study models for schools initiating or discontinuing G&T programs, and find no large changes in White or Asian enrollment after programs are eliminated or initiated. I conclude that G&T education's impact on racial segregation in U.S. elementary schools is modest, although changes in G&T programming could still be one meaningful tool to increase integration.