bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When does self-employment equalise income? Evidence from developing countries
Authors: Yerrabati Sridevi 
Published: April 2023

PurposeA lack of sufficient gainful employment opportunities in developing countries means that those at the bottom of the income ladder resort to self-employment for survival. While self-employment equalises inequality by providing earning opportunities to such individuals due to the ease of entry, it also creates a competitive environment among the self-employed, consequently widening inequality. In light of this, the study aims to determine the optimal level at which self-employment narrows inequality.Design/methodology/approachFive-yearly average data from 72 developing countries covering 2000–2019 is used. Inequality measures include Gini, and self-employment includes total, male and female participation levels. The empirical analysis is based on the dynamic two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation approach, two-stage instrumental variables (2 SLS IV) approach and Sasabuchi (1980) and Lind and Mehlum (2010) test. Several robustness checks are used to validate the findings.FindingsPrima facie, the study's findings suggest that self-employment equalises inequality in developing countries. The income-equalising effect can be seen, however, when the total, male and female self-employment levels are below the optimal of 54.22% of total employment, 52.50% of male employment and 54.19% of female employment, respectively. Inequality widens when self-employment exceeds these optimal levels. Further, the income-narrowing effect of self-employment is larger than its income-widening effect. When self-employment is below its optimal level, it reduces inequality 80 times more effectively than when it widens above the optimal levels. The corresponding figures for male and female self-employment are 90 and 52, respectively. Second, the income-equalising effects of self-employment are gender-specific.Practical implicationsDeveloping countries striving to achieve SDG 10 should limit self-employment to the above-mentioned levels. To this end, an inclusive approach to reducing inequality requires these countries to use selective and targeted policy interventions to create gainful employment opportunities for those above the identified optimal levels and eventually assist them in utilising these opportunities.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to determine the optimal levels at which self-employment equalises income in developing countries. As such, it makes novel contributions to both labour and development economics.
IoT-based entrepreneurial city: a new model of urban governance to achieve economic sustainability
Authors: Eynolghozat Mohammad , Ziyae Babak , Rezvani Mehran 
Published: April 2023

PurposeOne of the challenges of urban management is to provide an entrepreneurial environment for the general population, which can be realized by the development of the entrepreneurial city, which will ultimately cause economic sustainability. In order to create an entrepreneur city, it is necessary to create and develop some infrastructures, one of the most important of which is Internet of things (IoT)-based technological infrastructures, so that municipalities have a leading role. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThe research method is a case study type, and a triangulation mixed-method research design has been used for it. For data collection in the quantitative section, questionnaire tools and in the qualitative section, interview tools as well as coding related upstream documents in the municipality were used.FindingsThe findings showed that with the development of the IoT infrastructure, the conditions will be provided for creating an entrepreneurial city and its formation process will be accelerated, so that it will eventually leading to economic sustainability. It was also found that the conditions for the development of urban entrepreneurship based on IoT in the metropolis in question are not favorable. Finally, suggestions were made to improve this situation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the entrepreneurship literature and economic sustainability by explaining a new concept of an entrepreneurial city and defines the role of IoT infrastructure in its development. Existing literature on the systematic use of IoT in applied fields is still scarce, and this study provides useful insights into it.
Power asymmetries in supply chains and implications for environmental governance: a study of the beef industry
Authors: Chamanara Sanaz , Goldstein Benjamin P. , Newell Joshua P. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Supply chain governance constitutes the rules, structures and institutions that guide supply chains toward various objectives, including environmental sustainability. Previous studies have provided insight into the relationship between governance and sustainability but have overlooked two crucial dimensions: power dynamics and the influence of outside actors. This paper aims to address these two gaps by measuring differential power (i.e. power asymmetries) among actors across the supply chain, including external actors.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper quantifies power dynamics across the entire chain through a structured survey in which supply chain participants rank their peer’s ability to affect environmental and social outcomes. This paper tests this approach by surveying 200 industry professionals (e.g. feedlot owners, retailers) and external actors (e.g. NGOs) in the US beef sector.

Findings
Respondents ranked the most powerful actors as follows: feedlot owners; processing plant owners; and regulatory agencies. Results also revealed that trade associations, retailers and cow–calf producers and ranchers perceive a sense of powerlessness. This study reveals multiple power nodes and confirms a shift in the power structure depending on which indicator respondents considered (e.g. environmental impacts vs employee safety). This study concludes that the buyer–producer dichotomy often used to assess supply chain governance fails to capture the complex dynamics among actors within supply chains.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates a novel approach to measure perceptions of power in supply chains. This method enables researchers to map networks of power across entire supply chains, including internal and external actors, to advance understanding of supply chain governance dynamics. Previous studies have misidentified who governs environmental outcomes in supply chains, and NGOs have overestimated the power of consumers and retailers to influence producers.
Older adults’ acceptance of ready‐to‐eat meals in relation to food choice and sensory ability
Authors: Chaffee Olivia , Ross Carolyn F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the growing population of older adults, a deeper understanding of their food choice and acceptance is vital to improving older adult dietary intake. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine acceptance of three ready‐to‐eat (RTE) meals developed for older adults (age = 60+); (2) characterize the oral health status and food choices of these older adults and relate these data to meal acceptance. Participants (n = 52; average age = 71.7) completed an initial session that evaluated oral health and sensory perception followed by a home‐use test of three RTE meals developed from a previous conjoint analysis study: teriyaki chicken with rice, marinated tofu and carrots, and vegetable ratatouille. Sensory evaluation measured liking of various meal components. Participant food choices were evaluated with the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). Few participants suffered from reduced sensory ability; all had good quality oral health. Sensory evaluations revealed that the marinated tofu meal was liked significantly less than the other two meals (p < 0.0001). FCQ results clustered participants into two clusters; the responses of Cluster 1 were significantly higher for 29 of the 36 items (p < 0.05). The factors of greatest average importance were sensory appeal (4.6), health (4.3), and price (3.9) in Cluster 1 (n = 30) and sensory appeal (3.8), health (3.6), and weight control (3.2) in Cluster 2 (n = 20). Sensory appeal and health were significantly more important (p < 0.0001) to Cluster 1. Results of this study suggest that sensory appeal and health greatly contribute to food choice which was reflected in the sensory acceptance of the RTE meals.Practical ApplicationOlder adults may suffer from sensory loss, but sensory appeal of food is still greatly important to them. Healthy and nutritious food is also important to older adult food choice. Food products developed for older adults should be formulated to provide both nutrition and a pleasant sensory experience, while also keeping price and convenience in mind.
Abnormal serum levels of magnesium, phosphate, and zinc in ICU patients—Characteristics, management, and outcomes: The WhyTrace cohort study
Authors: Vesterlund Gitte K. , Thorsen‐Meyer Hans‐Christian , Møller Morten H. , Brunak Søren , Strøm Thomas , Perner Anders , Kaas‐Hansen Benjamin S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal serum levels of magnesium, phosphate, and zinc appear common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, but the epidemiology, management, and associations with outcomes are less well described. We described these factors and estimated associations with outcomes in a large dataset of Danish ICU patients.MethodsWe included adults who were acutely admitted to 10 general ICUs in Denmark between October 2011 and January 2018. From the dataset, we obtained characteristics of patients who had serum levels measured of magnesium, phosphate, or zinc, including data on supplementation. We used joint models with death as a competing outcome to estimate the associations between abnormal serum levels and time to successful extubation and, for magnesium, also incident tachyarrhythmia.ResultsWe included 16,517 of 36,514 patients in the dataset. The cumulative probability of hypomagnesemia within 28 days was 64% (95% confidence interval [CI] 62–66); of hypophosphatemia 74% (95% CI 72–75); and of hypozincemia 98% (95% CI 98–98). Supplementation of magnesium was used in 3554 out of 13,506 (26%) patients, phosphate in 2115 out of 14,148 (15%) patients, and zinc in 4465 out of 9869 (45%) patients. During ICU stay, 38% experienced hypermagnesemia, 58% hyperphosphatemia, and 1% hyperzincemia. Low serum levels of magnesium, phosphate, and zinc were associated with shorter time to successful extubation, and high serum magnesium and phosphate and low serum zinc with the competing risk of increased mortality, but too few serum measurements made the results inconclusive.ConclusionIn this multicenter cohort study of acutely admitted ICU patients, most experienced low serum levels of magnesium, phosphate, or zinc during ICU stay, many received supplementation, and experiencing both low and high serum levels during ICU stay was not uncommon. Associations between serum levels and clinical outcomes appeared inconclusive because the data proved unfit for these analyses.
High‐Intensity interval training reduces transcriptomic age: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lohman Trevor , Bains Gurinder , Cole Steve , Gharibvand Lida , Berk Lee , Lohman Everett 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile the relationship between exercise and life span is well‐documented, little is known about the effects of specific exercise protocols on modern measures of biological age. Transcriptomic age (TA) predictors provide an opportunity to test the effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on biological age utilizing whole‐genome expression data. A single‐site, single‐blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial design was utilized. Thirty sedentary participants (aged 40–65) were assigned to either a HIIT group or a no‐exercise control group. After collecting baseline measures, HIIT participants performed three 10 × 1 HIIT sessions per week for 4 weeks. Each session lasted 23 min, and total exercise duration was 276 min over the course of the 1‐month exercise protocol. TA, PSS‐10 score, PSQI score, PHQ‐9 score, and various measures of body composition were all measured at baseline and again following the conclusion of exercise/control protocols. Transcriptomic age reduction of 3.59 years was observed in the exercise group while a 3.29‐years increase was observed in the control group. Also, PHQ‐9, PSQI, BMI, body fat mass, and visceral fat measures were all improved in the exercise group. A hypothesis‐generation gene expression analysis suggested exercise may modify autophagy, mTOR, AMPK, PI3K, neurotrophin signaling, insulin signaling, and other age‐related pathways. A low dose of HIIT can reduce an mRNA‐based measure of biological age in sedentary adults between the ages of 40 and 65 years old. Other changes in gene expression were relatively modest, which may indicate a focal effect of exercise on age‐related biological processes.
Computed tomography Coronary angiography in rural referral hospitals: A single‐Centre experience
Authors: McLucas Michael , King James , McGee Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the first 9 months of a newly established computed tomography coronary angiogram (CTCA) over the period of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the first 9 months of a CT‐CA program.DesignData were collected for the period of June 2020 to March 2021. Information reviewed included demographics, risk factors, renal function, technical factors and outcomes including Calcium Score and Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System (CAD‐RADS).SettingA single Rural Referral Hospital in regional New South Wales.ParticipantsNinety‐six CTCAs were reviewed. Ages ranged from 29 to 81 years. 37 (39%) male, 59 (61%) female. 15 (15.6%) identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander.Main Objective OutcomesCTCA is a viable alternative to invasive coronary angiogram in appropriate populations for regional areas.ResultsEighty‐eight (91.6%) were considered technically satisfactory. Mean heart rate was 57 beats per minute with a range of 108. Cardiovascular risk factors included hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, family history and diabetes mellitus. Of patients with CAD‐RADS scores 3 or 4 who underwent subsequent invasive coronary angiogram (ICA), 80% were determined to have operator‐defined significant stenosis. Significant cardiac and non‐cardiac findings were extensive.ConclusionsCTCA is a safe and efficacious imaging modality for low‐ to moderate‐risk chest pain patients. There was acceptable diagnostic accuracy and the investigation was safe.
Acute diverticulitis in immunosuppressed patients: a 12‐year management experience
Authors: Ahmadi Navid , Ahmadi Nima , Ravindran Praveen , Kim Tae Jun , Byrne Christopher M. , Young Christopher J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiverticular disease of the colon occurs commonly in developed countries. Immunosuppressed patients are thought to be more at risk of developing acute diverticulitis, worse disease, and higher complications secondary to therapy. This study aimed to assess outcomes for immunosuppressed patients with acute diverticulitis.MethodA retrospective single‐centre review was conducted of all patients presenting with acute diverticulitis at a major tertiary Australian hospital from 2006 to 2018.ResultA total of 751 patients, comprising of 46 immunosuppressed patients, were included. Immunosuppressed patients were found to be older (62.25 versus 55.96, p = 0.016), have more comorbidities (median Charlson Index 3 versus 1, P < 0.001), and undergo more operative management (13.3% versus 5.1%, P = 0.020). Immunosuppressed patients with paracolic/pelvic abscesses (Modified Hinchey 1b/2) were more likely to undergo surgery (56% versus 24%, P = 0.046), while in patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis, there was no difference in immunosuppressed patients undergoing surgery (6.1% versus 5.1% P = 0.815). Immunosuppressed patients were more likely to have Grade III‐IV Clavien‐Dindo complication (P < 0.001).ConclusionImmunosuppressed patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis can be treated safely with non‐operative management. Immunosuppressed patients were more likely to have operative management for Hinchey 1b/II and more likely to have grade III/IV complications.
The influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on lung cancer surgery in Queensland
Authors: Kirk Frazer , Crathern Kelsie , Chang Shantel , Yong Matthew S. , He Cheng , Hughes Ian , Yadav Sumit , Lo Wing , Cole Christopher , Windsor Morgan , Naidoo Rishendran , Stroebel Andrie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to global healthcare. The contemporary influence of COVID‐19 on the delivery of lung cancer surgery has not been examined in Queensland.MethodsWe performed a retrospective registry analysis of the Queensland Cardiac Outcomes Registry (QCOR), thoracic database examining all adult lung cancer resections across Queensland from 1/1/2016 to 30/4/2022. We compared the data prior to, and after, the introduction of COVID‐restrictions.ResultsThere were 1207 patients. Mean age at surgery was 66 years and 1115 (92%) lobectomies were performed. We demonstrated a significant delay from time of diagnosis to surgery from 80 to 96 days (P < 0.0005), after introducing COVID‐restrictions. The number of surgeries performed per month decreased after the pandemic and has not recovered (P = 0.012). 2022 saw a sharp reduction in cases with 49 surgeries, compared to 71 in 2019 for the same period.ConclusionRestrictions were associated with a significant increase in pathological upstaging, greatest immediately after the introduction of COVID‐restrictions (IRR 1.71, CI 0.93–2.94, P = 0.05). COVID‐19 delayed the access to surgery, reduced surgical capacity and consequently resulted in pathological upstaging throughout Queensland.
Precalving behavior in dairy cattle with different calving times
Authors: Shinada Wakana , Gakumazawa Naoya , Koshikawa Shizu , Ito Takahiro , Fujiwara Tetsuo , Takahashi Masahiro , Chida Yasushi , Okada Keiji , Deguchi Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPredicting the calving time in dairy cattle can help in avoiding calving accidents and reducing burdens on animal caretakers. In this study, we analyzed the behavior of pregnant dairy cattle for 7 days prior to calving, to assess the feasibility of predicting the calving time. Eleven Holstein cows were divided into two groups based on their calving times, that is, in the morning (the Morning Parturition Group) or the evening (the Evening Parturition Group). Their behavior was recorded on video. An analysis was conducted of the daily occurrences of each type of behavior and the number of switches of behavior during the day and at night. A statistical analysis was conducted, using a two‐way factorial analysis. The behavioral sequence was analyzed using an adjacency matrix. Hierarchical structure charts were created, using Interpretive Structural Modeling. The results suggest that feeding and exploratory behaviors are associated with the calving time period and thus can be useful when predicting that period. The hierarchical structure charts suggest that the Morning Parturition Group had no definite behavioral sequence pattern, unlike the Evening Parturition Group. The detection of an unstable behavioral sequence pattern might predict the calving time period.
Graduate employment: Does the type of higher education institution matter?
Authors: Tavares Orlanda , Sin Cristina , Sá Carla , Pereira Francisco , Amaral Alberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe paper analyses whether the type of institution from which students graduate has an impact on their unemployment propensity. It uses official data on the Portuguese higher education system, for 2018, at the program/institution level, which provides information on graduate unemployment, as well as demographic and socioeconomic background information. A fractional probit model on graduates’ propensity for unemployment is estimated. Results suggest that polytechnic graduates face higher unemployment propensity than university graduates, maintaining inequalities present in students’ previous trajectories. Policies targeting socioeconomic segregation need to address not only access to higher education but also the transition to the labor market.
The role of the adenosine system in epilepsy and its comorbidities
Authors: Baltos Jo‐Anne , Casillas‐Espinosa Pablo M. , Rollo Ben , Gregory Karen J. , White Paul J. , Christopoulos Arthur , Kwan Patrick , O'Brien Terence J. , May Lauren T. 
Published: April 2023

Epilepsy is one of the most serious and common chronic neurological conditions, characterised by recurrent hypersynchronous electrical activity in the brain that lead to seizures. Despite over 50 million people being affected worldwide, only ~70% of people with epilepsy have their seizures successfully controlled with current pharmacotherapy, and many experience significant psychiatric and physical comorbidities. Adenosine, a ubiquitous purine metabolite, is a potent endogenous anti‐epileptic substance that can abolish seizure activity via the adenosine A1 G protein‐coupled receptor. Activation of A1 receptors decreases seizure activity in animal models, including models of drug‐resistant epilepsy. Recent advances have increased our understanding of epilepsy comorbidities, highlighting the potential for adenosine receptors to modulate epilepsy‐associated comorbidities, including cardiovascular dysfunction, sleep and cognition. This review provides an accessible resource of the current advances in understanding the adenosine system as a therapeutic target for epilepsy and epilepsy‐associated comorbidities.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
Protective indigenous collective value of Ubuntu and child neglect: Implications for rural child protection practice
Authors: Abdullah Alhassan , Bentum Hajara , Frederico Margarita , Mensah Felix , Jordan Lucy P. , Emery Clifton R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTheories on collective efficacy and social support suggest that indigenous values that support collective practices and sanction community obligations to childcare would be protective against child neglect. Likewise, new qualitative findings show that collective values are stronger in rural areas than in urban. This study tested the claims that the value of Ubuntu, which is a symbolic cultural value of ‘being for others’, will be protective against the likelihood of neglect; this relationship will be stronger in rural compared with urban communities in Ghana. Using data obtained from a nationally representative sample of 1100 mothers (from 22 communities) in Ghana, we tested the claims using fixed effects logistic regression. The Ubuntu norms were significantly endorsed in rural communities compared with the urban. The overall model showed that higher levels of Ubuntu are associated with lower odds of child neglect (OR .47, [.29, .76] p < 0.05), and the relationship remained significant only in the rural sample (OR .13, [.06, .31] p < 0.001). Similar evidence was recorded for the Ubuntu norms of community care and compassion. The results suggest that child protection in rural Ghana can be fruitful when interventions are developed to boost the value of Ubuntu and the norms of collective childcare.