bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les formes légales de vie en couple et leurs conséquences sur le partage du patrimoine et des ressources entre conjoints en France
Authors: Frémeaux Nicolas , Leturcq Marion 
Published: March 2023

Que signifie « faire couple » en France aujourd’hui ? Nous abordons cette question sous l’angle de la mise en commun des ressources économiques au sein des couples. Nous explorons les formes légales de vie en couple et leurs conséquences sur le partage du patrimoine. Nous analysons comment les formes légales de vie en couple s’articulent à la mise en commun des revenus et des dépenses courantes, et aux transferts de patrimoine entre conjoints à travers la donation au dernier vivant. Nos résultats montrent une cohérence dans les choix effectués par les couples : les couples optant pour une séparation de leurs patrimoines gèrent plus souvent leurs budgets séparément que les couples optant pour une mise en commun de leurs patrimoines. Il existe néanmoins une certaine hétérogénéité dans la façon dont les couples mettent en commun leurs revenus.
Les procès de Maurice Bardèche (1948-1954)
Authors: Dreyfus Jean-Marc 
Published: March 2023

La publication en 1948 du livre de Maurice Bardèche Nuremberg, ou la Terre promise provoqua de vives réactions et des procédures judiciaires qui durèrent plus de cinq ans. L’ouvrage est aujourd’hui largement considéré comme le premier livre négationniste de l’Holocauste – même si le terme n’existait pas à l’époque. Cet article entend étudier aussi bien le contexte intellectuel de publication de l’ouvrage que le détail des procès à rebondissements qui furent intentés à l’auteur. Les documents des procédures montrent que si la crainte d’un déni de la réalité des crimes nazis était présente, ce furent surtout les discours révisionnistes sur Vichy et la Résistance qui motivèrent les plaignants.
Aux portes du monde sportif
Authors: Dufraisse Sylvain 
Published: March 2023

Durant la fin des années 1940, les dirigeants d’URSS font de l’internationalisation du sport un de leurs objectifs. Il devient nécessaire de se rapprocher des fédérations internationales pour les intégrer au moment où la guerre froide tend les relations entre États. Cet article souhaite éclairer ce processus en s’intéressant à trois fédérations non centrales de l’espace international des sports à la fin des années 1940 : les fédérations internationales de volley-ball, de tennis de table et de boxe. Il s’agit ainsi de comprendre comment trois fédérations, dirigées pour la plupart par des Occidentaux, en viennent à inviter leurs homologues soviétiques entre 1946 et 1951, et comment les délégués soviétiques s’immiscent ou s’imposent dans celles-ci.
A Small Molecule RIG-I Agonist Serves as an Adjuvant to Induce Broad Multifaceted Influenza Virus Vaccine Immunity
Authors: Hemann Emily A , Knoll Megan L , Wilkins Courtney R , Subra Caroline , Green Richard , García-Sastre Adolfo , Thomas Paul G , Trautmann Lydie , Ireton Renee C , Loo Yueh-Ming , Gale Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Retinoic acid–inducible gene I (RIG-I) is essential for activating host cell innate immunity to regulate the immune response against many RNA viruses. We previously identified that a small molecule compound, KIN1148, led to the activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and served to enhance protection against influenza A virus (IAV) A/California/04/2009 infection. We have now determined direct binding of KIN1148 to RIG-I to drive expression of IFN regulatory factor 3 and NF-κB target genes, including specific immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines. Intriguingly, KIN1148 does not lead to ATPase activity or compete with ATP for binding but activates RIG-I to induce antiviral gene expression programs distinct from type I IFN treatment. When administered in combination with a vaccine against IAV, KIN1148 induces both neutralizing Ab and IAV-specific T cell responses compared with vaccination alone, which induces comparatively poor responses. This robust KIN1148-adjuvanted immune response protects mice from lethal A/California/04/2009 and H5N1 IAV challenge. Importantly, KIN1148 also augments human CD8+ T cell activation. Thus, we have identified a small molecule RIG-I agonist that serves as an effective adjuvant in inducing noncanonical RIG-I activation for induction of innate immune programs that enhance adaptive immune protection of antiviral vaccination.
Viral Isolates in Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Parihar Bhawani Shankar , Agrawal Ruchi , Garg Vijendra Kumar , Singh Jagdish , Goyal Alok Kumar , Gupta Raj Kumar , Gothwal Sunil 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Although ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) mostly has bacterial etiology, many cases have viral etiology. The present study aimed at determining the proportion of viral VAP and any associated factors and identifying the viral isolates in pediatric VAP.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive observational study was conducted at pediatric intensive care unit of tertiary referral center including 120 VAP cases aged 1–18 years. Endotracheal aspiration samples from these patients were tested for viral etiology.

Results:
Most VAP cases were males (66.7%). Virus was isolated in 14.2% of cases of VAP. Human adenovirus (29%), respiratory syncytial virus (29%), and herpes simplex virus (24%) were the most common viruses identified. Viral VAP was significantly associated with age, primary disease, and total leukocyte count. Neutrophil count decreased and lymphocyte count increased significantly after viral VAP.

Conclusion:
Viral etiology should be considered in VAP patients, especially in patients not responding to antibiotics as proper diagnosis and timely initiation of appropriate antiviral could be lifesaving. Prevalent viruses may vary geographically; hence, hospitals should try to identify the common viruses causing VAP in their settings to guide appropriate battery of tests and antiviral drugs.
Clindamycin
Authors: Garg Saloni , Mahajan Rakesh Kumar , Chhakchhuak Zobiakhlui , Tluanpuii Vanlal 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
The emergence of methicillin resistance among staphylococcal infections has led to increasing demand for the use of safe and effective agents to treat such infections. Clindamycin is one such drug which is gaining the interest of clinicians because of its excellent pharmacokinetic properties. However, the widespread use of macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B antibiotics has led to inducible or constitutive resistance which is a major concern. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin, susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance leading to treatment failure, thus requiring a simple D test to detect such resistance on a routine basis.

Aim of the Study:
The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various clinical samples.

Materials and Methods:
One thousand isolates isolates of S. aureus obtained from various clinical samples were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including cefoxitin (30 μg) using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Inducible clindamycin resistance was tested by the “D test” as per CLSI guidelines.

Results and Conclusion:
Out of 1000 isolates of S. aureus, 556 (55.6%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus and 444 (44.4%) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The total percentage of inducible clindamycin resistance was found to be 21.9%. Inducible clindamycin resistance was found to be higher among MRSA making treatment of such infections more difficult. D test is a simple test which can be included in routine testing of antibiotic susceptibility for staphylococcal isolates to detect inducible clindamycin resistance so as to avoid treatment failure and aid in the judicious use of this drug.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Tracheal Secretions Isolates Among Intensive Care Unit Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Prajapati Bhavin K. , Gohel Priyanka Harshadbhai , Shah Atit D. , Shah Hiral J. , Kothari Kaival K. , Pethani Jayshri D. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in critically ill patients. The excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has led to the development of drug resistance, thus resulting in the emergence of pathogens which are difficult to treat.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 632 tracheal secretions were received in the Bacteriology section of the microbiology department of a tertiary care hospital from November 2019 to February 2020. Tracheal secretions were processed for culture according to standard operating procedures. Identification, phenotype detection, and antibiotic sensitivity testing were performed by automated VITEK-2 Compact system.

Results:
In total, 632 tracheal secretions were received during the study period, 559 cultures yielded significant pathogens and no organisms were isolated in 73 cultures. Among the Gram-negative organism 540 (97%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%) was the most common isolates. Gram-positive organisms 12 (2%) and Candida spp. 7 (1%) were isolated. The most common phenotype detected in Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae was extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producer.

Conclusions:

K. pneumoniae was the most common isolate from tracheal secretion among intensive care unit patients. Colistin, followed by tigecycline, was found to be the most susceptible antibiotics. K. pneumoniae was found to be sensitive to tigecycline (69%) with minimum inhibitory concentrations of ≤ 1. 0.6%. K. pneumoniae was colistin resistant.
Guidelines for Physical Activity and Exercise for Women with Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy
Authors: Bilal Ahmed , Ahmed Zaheer , Mohsin Maham , Fazal Ayesha , Khan Saadia , Saeed Saira , Masood Shabeen Naz 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:Lifestyle modification is the most important intervention for control of hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP). It includes medical nutrition therapy and exercise. Various guidelines have been published to assist physicians and obstetricians in prescribing physical activity and exercise as a part of management of HIP. Pregnancy provides a unique opportunity to motivate women for exercise. Modifications in recommendations regarding physical exercises are needed particularly for those on bed rest for obstetric indications, orthopedic disability, or competitive athletes.Objective:The objective of this article is to provide guidelines regarding exercise for women with HIP.Materials and Methods:These recommendations are made after reviewing various existing guidelines including American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and American College of Sports Medicine. A literature search was done using PubMed, Cochrane Database, Google Scholar, EMBASE, various systematic reviews, and original articles. Search was done using key words “Physical Activity,” “Exercise during Pregnancy,” “Life Style in Pregnancy.” The aim was to identify correct and safe physical activity during pregnancy.Results:Exercise and physical activity is completely safe and recommended in pregnancy.Conclusion:Exercise is safe in pregnancy and should be encouraged in women to control hyperglycemia. They should be educated to continue lifestyle changes in postpartum period and later in life.
Effects of Metabolic Surgery on Energy and Nutrient Intake in Obese Asian Indians with Dysglycemia
Authors: Chandru Sundaramoorthy , Sowmya Narasimhan , Pradeepa Rajendra , Thangamani Suresh , Pramodkumar Thyparambil Aravindakshan , Pazhanithampi Gopalakrishna , Aiswarya Ramesh , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Mohan Viswanathan 
Published: March 2023

Aims and Objectives:
The rising prevalence of obesity and consequent metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes has resulted in an increase in the number of metabolic surgeries. However, the nutrient intake of subjects who have undergone metabolic surgery remains poorly investigated in Asian Indians. The study aimed to assess the nutrient intake of obese Asian Indians who underwent metabolic surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty obese Asian Indians with dysglycemia who underwent metabolic surgery at a tertiary diabetes center in South India were selected. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical measures were collected using standard methods. Using 24-h recalls, data were obtained on the nutrient intakes at baseline and 1, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

Results:
A significant decline was observed at the end of 6 and 12 months in all anthropometric characteristics such as body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference (P < 0.001). The mean daily energy intake at baseline (1371 ± 665 kcal) decreased significantly after 6 months (671 ± 423) and 12 months (847 ± 463). There was a significant decrease after 6 and 12 months in the intake of total carbohydrate, protein, and fat compared to baseline (P < 0.001). At the end of 12 months, energy intake was 70% as compared to baseline (100%), while that of carbohydrate was 62%, protein 75%, and fat 83%.

Conclusion:
Metabolic surgery resulted in a significant decline in energy intake, which is essential for postoperative weight loss and maintenance. There is also undesirable loss of soft lean mass (SLM); hence, strategies are needed to prevent the muscle loss.
Effets du niveau de protéines de la ration sur les performances de croissances des pintades locales gris perlées (Numida meleagris) du Cameroun en phase démarrage (0-8 semaines)
Authors: Nguefack Gildas Djieufo , Mube Hervé Kuietche , Ebile Agwah Dayan , Fonteh Florence Anyangwe 
Published: March 2023

Face à l’insécurité alimentaire qui menace les pays en développement comme le Cameroun, la production rationnelle des espèces endogènes est une nécessité. C’est ainsi que les besoins protéiques de croissance de la pintade locale du Cameroun ont été étudié. Le travail a été mené à la Ferme d’Application et de Recherche (FAR) de l’Université de Dschang. Un total de 64 pintadeaux d’un jour non sexés de type local (gris perlé) ont été utilisés. Ces animaux ont été soumis à quatre niveaux de protéines (26, 24, 22 et 20% de protéine brute correspondants aux rations R26, R24, R22 et R20 respectivement) suivant un dispositif complètement randomisé comportant quatre traitements et quatre répétitions de huit pintades chacune. Les données collectées (consommation alimentaire, poids vif, gain de poids et indice de consommation) ont été soumises à l’analyse de la Variance à un facteur (niveau de protéine). Les principaux résultats ont montré que les animaux soumis au taux de protéines 24% (R24) ont obtenu un poids vif et un gain de poids significativement plus élevé comparé à ceux des autres lots. De même le plus faible indice de consommation (2,98) et coût de production ont été enregistrés avec la même ration. Par contre, la ration R26 a obtenu la consommation alimentaire la plus élevée par rapport à celle des autres. En conclusion, 24% de protéines brutes est le niveau indiqué pour une meilleure croissance des pintades en phase démarrage (0-8 semaines).
Faced with the problem of food insecurity that threatens developing countries like Cameroon, the rational production of endogenous species is a necessity. Thus the protein requirement for the growth of the local Cameroon guinea fowl was studied. This study was carried out at the Research and Application Farm (FAR) of the University of Dschang. A total of 64 unsexed day-old keets of local type (pearl grey) were used. These animals were subjected to four protein levels (26, 24, 22 and 20% crude protein corresponding to the rations R26, R24, R22 and R20 respectively) in a completely randomized design of four treatments. Each treatment was replicated four times with eight guinea fowls per replicate. Data collected (feed consumption, live weight, weight gain and feed conversion) was subjected to one-way analysis of variance (protein level). The main results show that, animals submitted to 24% protein level (R24) obtained a live weight and weight gain that was significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to those of the other treatment groups. Similarly, the lowest feed conversion ratio (2.98) and cost of production were recorded with the same ration. Animal fed with R26 ration had the highest feed intake compared to the other rations. In conclusion, 24% crude protein was the best level of incorporation indicated for better growth of guinea fowl in the starter phase (0-8 weeks).
Rôle de la glycation des protéines dans les complications et la thérapie du diabète: revue bibliographique
Authors: Anago Eugénie , Djogbede Guilphados , Fiogbe Ezéchiel Mahougnon Salomon , Segbo Gaétan Augustin Julien , Akpovi Dèwanou Casimir 
Published: March 2023

La fixation d’un ose, fréquemment le glucose, sur les protéines est une réaction biochimique courante entraînant la formation des produits avancés de la glycation (en anglais Advanced Glycation Endproducts, AGEs). L’hyperglycémie permanente observée pendant le diabète, provoque une élévation du taux de glycation des protéines, avec pour conséquence une altération de leurs fonctions. Plusieurs auteurs ont montré le lien entre l’accumulation des AGEs dans différents organes et les complications microvasculaires et macrovasculaires observées lors du diabète. D’autres travaux ont montré que ces complications diabétiques et plusieurs autres maladies métaboliques découlent d’une série de processus délétères initiée par les AGEs. Il s’agit de l’inflammation par le biais des récepteurs, les modifications conformationnelles des macromolécules aboutissant à des accumulations d’agrégats et à une réponse immunitaire médiée par l’immunogénicité des AGEs. Les principales approches thérapeutiques pour le traitement du diabète impliquent l’administration d'insuline, l'inhibition des enzymes de digestion des polysaccharides (alpha-amylase et alpha-glucosidase) et les inhibiteurs de la glycation. Plusieurs travaux ont prouvé qu’un nombre important de plantes, herbes aromatiques et épices possèdent des propriétés antiglycatives très intéressantes et pourront être envisagées pour élargir la gamme des molécules thérapeutiques.
The binding of a monosaccharide, frequently glucose, to proteins is a common biochemical reaction leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The permanent hyperglycaemia observed during diabetes induces an increase in the glycation rate of proteins, with the consequent alteration of their functions. Several authors have demonstrated the link between the accumulation of AGEs in different organs and the microvascular and macrovascular complications observed in diabetes. Other work has shown that these diabetic complications and several other metabolic diseases stem from a series of deleterious processes initiated by AGEs. This is inflammation through receptors, conformational changes of macromolecules leading to accumulations of aggregates and an immune response mediated by the immunogenicity of AGEs. The main therapeutic approaches for the treatment of diabetes involve insulin administration, inhibition of polysaccharide digestion enzymes (alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase) and glycation inhibitors. Several works have proven that a large number of plants, aromatic herbs and spices have very interesting antiglycative properties and could be considered to expand the range of therapeutic molecules.
Effets des extraits aqueux et éthanolique des graines fermentées de Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) sur quelques marqueurs du stress oxydatif chez les rats rendus hypertendus
Authors: Coulibaly Ouolouho Seydou , Koné Monon , Ouattara Abou 
Published: March 2023

Les graines fermentées de néré sont utilisées en médecine traditionnelle pour traiter l’hypertension artérielle qui est une importante cause de décès dans le monde. Cette pathologie entraîne aussi le stress oxydatif. C’est la raison pour laquelle, cette étude a été menée pour évaluer l’effet antioxydant des extraits aqueux et hydro-éthanolique de ce condiment chez les rats rendus hypertendus par injection de l’adrénaline à la dose de 1,46.10-3mg/kg pc. L’administration par gavage des extraits avec les doses allant de 1000 à 2000 mg/kg pc et de la Nifédipine à la dose de 10 à 20 mg/kg pc pendant 6 jours a provoqué une augmentation significative de l’activité des enzymes anti-oxydantes (SOD et catalase) et de monoxyde d’azote (NO), comparativement aux rats rendus hypertendus non traité (recevant essentiellement de l’eau), chez lesquels, il a été observé une baisse significative de l’activité de ces enzymes et de NO. En revanche, il a été constaté une augmentation significative des sous-produits de la peroxydation lipidique (malonaldéhyde) chez les rats rendus hypertendus non traité et une baisse significative chez les rats rendus hypertendus et traités. Au total, les graines fermentées de néré possèdent un important potentiel antioxydant.
Fermented néré seeds are used in traditional medicine to treat high blood pressure which is a leading cause of death worldwide. This pathology also causes oxidative stress. This is the reason why this study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant effect of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of this condiment in rats rendered hypertensive by injection of adrenaline at a dose of 1.46.10-3mg/ kg bw. Administration by gavage of extracts with doses ranging from 1000 to 2000 mg/kg bw and nifedipine at a dose of 10 to 20 mg/kg bw for 6 days caused a significant increase in the activity of anti- oxidants (SOD and catalase) and nitric oxide (NO), compared to untreated hypertensive rats (mainly receiving water), in which a significant drop in the activity of these enzymes was observed and of NO. In contrast, there was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation by-products (malonaldehyde) in rats rendered hypertensive untreated and a significant decrease in rats rendered hypertensive and treated. Overall, fermented néré seeds have significant antioxidant potential.
“Lump In The Throat”: Approach To Patient, Differential Diagnosis And Management
Authors: Omokanye H.K. , Aluko A.A. , Abdur-Rahman L.O. 
Published: March 2023

Feeling of lump in the throat is a common reason for referral of patients to the oto-rhinolaryngology and head and neck clinic. The impression of the referring physician notwithstanding, the onus is on the otorhinolaryngologist to objectively evaluate every patient and manage as appropriate. This review is a summary of scientific information search outcome from Medline bibliographic database, published scholarly references, abstracts and/or full texts of articles and textbooks. The focus is on clinical approach to the patient, differential diagnoses and management options, and the search terms were globus pharyngeus, lump in the throat, laryngopharyngeal reflux. In the present paper, we highlight a useful working guide for history taking, physical examination, investigation and management of a patient with complaint of lump in the throat.