bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Hygienic conditions of Street Food Vendors and Identification of Hazardous points involved during Street Food Vending
Authors: Kanwal Maria 
Published: January 2023

The provision of safe and nutritious food is a fundamental human right that contributes to good health, efficiency, and provides a foundation for people' sustainable development and poverty reduction. Objectives: To analyze the sanitary conditions of street food sellers and to identify potential hazards during street food vending. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. Between September and November 2013, 100 street food vendors in three heavily populated neighborhoods of Lahore (Ravi town, Data Ganj Baksh, and Shahdara town) were assessed using a questionnaire and a food safety checklist. For the production of safe street food, hazards were identified along the phases involved in street food selling. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: 89% of vendors lacked hygiene and proper clothing, and 71% did not wash their hands before food preparation. 36% of vendors were afflicted with various diseases. Only 27% of the vending units were sufficiently clean and well maintained. The biggest concern with unsanitary food served by street food sellers was that only 19% purchased raw items from trusted sources. Only 18% of respondents used separate utensils for raw and RTE food storage, while 49% did not. The presence of fungal growth (26%) indicated the source of food-borne infections. There were six primary points/steps in street food vendors where contamination and hazardous threats existed. Conclusions: Most street foods were found unsanitary and hazardous. The food vendors were mainly ignorant and uninformed about food safety. Basic GHP and HACCP related precautionary measures should be taken.
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF TRAINING THROUGH THE DESIGN OF EDUCATIONAL ROBOTICS
Authors: Toktargazynova R. M. , Mukhametov E. M. , Kusainov R. K. 
Published: January 2023

This article discusses the areas of application, organization of project activities in educational robotics. Information is also provided on the forms of organization of robotics lessons, the effectiveness of training. The organization of project activities in robotics is in great demand. The implementation of project activities on educational robotics allowed schoolchildren to get a great opportunity. The directions of application of LEGO robotic complexes in the framework of a school lesson and additional education, the main stages of project development through the LEGO program are shown.Project-based learning is aimed at the cooperation of a teacher and a student, the development of creative abilities, is a form of assessment in the process of continuing education, allows the early formation of professionally significant skills of students.
THE LEGAL NATURE OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES, PRIVATE LAW REGULATORY ISSUES
Authors: Mogunova M. M. 
Published: January 2023

This article is devoted to the private law problems of regulating cryptocurrencies and some of the problems that cryptocurrencies can cause. Cryptocurrencies are very popular with offenders, since crimes committed with them have a high level of confidentiality. Cryptocurrencies allow you to transfer money without the intervention of a third party in the person of a banking organization, which simplifies transfers and guarantees their anonymity. The article also discusses the problem associated with the decentralization of blockchain technology, the nodes of which can be located all over the world and, accordingly, obey conflicting laws.Also, the article discusses blockchain technology, which is a special type of database and was first used in the Bitcoin system in 2008. Blockchain technology is an integral part of most of the current cryptocurrencies, as many of them are based on this technology.The relevance of this article is caused by the presence of some private law problems of regulating cryptocurrencies, which are discussed in this article.
THE PRODUCTIVE ZAKAT UTILIZATION MODEL BY THE MAGELANG CITY BAZNAS ZAKAT INSTITUTION IN INCREASING MUSTAHIQ INCOME
Authors: Lestari Yunia Tri 
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimization of the strategy and utilization of productive zakat by the Magelang city BAZNAS zakat institution in increasing Mustahiq income in the city of Magelang. The research methodology used is a qualitative approach, with a case study strategy. Data collection was carried out by interviewing the head of the human resources sector from Baznas of Magelang City, amil zakat, and three mustahiq recipients of productive zakat funds. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. Based on the research results, it was found that productive utilization of zakat funds by BAZNAS zakat institutions in this case was channeled through seven superior programs. One of the programs in order to empower the community to improve their economy is the Capital Assistance program. This Capital Assistance Program, in which there is also a skill and skills training program, this program is a productive zakat utilization model by BAZNAS in increasing mustahiq income which according to researchers is already optimal. This is evidenced by an increase in mustahiq income, and the ability of mustahiq to become muzakki.
PIPIL DOCUMENTS LEGALITY AS PROOF OF LAND OWNERSHIP RIGHTS OWNERSHIP IN BALI
Authors: Pradnyadana Ketut Diana Rista , Tanaya Putu Edgar 
Published: January 2023

Pipil as proof of land ownership is not comparable in strength to a certificate. Pipil is used as proof of ownership of a land based on the Customary Agrarian Law which later became the source of the formation of the National Agrarian Law which was subsequently ratified by the Basic Agrarian Law of 1960 which was reinforced by Law No. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. This study aims to find certainty that there is a legal basis for using pipil as proof of ownership rights, to provide information to the public regarding the importance of registering their land with the BPN and as a material consideration for communities who have not changed their proof of land ownership rights to the National Land Agency (BPN). The method used in this study is a normative method by studying laws and regulations and the results of research and writings from legal circles. The main topic of discussion is the legal basis for using pipil as proof of land ownership and the factors that form the basis for why there are still people who use pipil.
Variabilidad del pedaleo en ciclistas de diferentes niveles competitivos
Authors: Herrero-Molleda Alba , Floría Pablo , García-López Juan 
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of competitive level and pedalling intensity on crank torque variability. Seventy-two cyclists (Club, Elite, Professional) pedalled at 200, 250 and 300 W on a cycle ergometer that recorded crank torque. Linear (average Standard Deviation) and non-linear (Sample Entropy) variability analyses were applied. Both competitive level and pedalling intensity showed a significant effect on Sample Entropy values of crank torque, with a significant interaction between the two factors, while average Standard Deviation was only affected by pedalling intensity. In conclusion, pedalling intensity effect on crank torque variability could be explained by the changes in the biomechanical constrains of the cycling task and the “minimal intervention principle”, while linear and non-linear variability results must be interpreted in a different way, as non-linear variability has shown a bigger potential for fine discrimination between cyclists’ competitive levels.
El principal objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la influencia del nivel competitivo y de la intensidad de pedaleo en la variabilidad de las fuerzas aplicadas a las bielas. Setenta y dos ciclistas (Club, Élite y Profesional) pedalearon durante 5 minutos a 200, 250 y 300 W en un cicloergómetro que registraba el torque o momento de fuerza del pedaleo, realizándose posteriormente un análisis de la variabilidad lineal (Desviación estándar) y no lineal (Entropía) de la cinética del pedaleo. Los principales resultados mostraron un efecto significativo tanto del nivel competitivo como de la intensidad del pedaleo en los valores de variabilidad no lineal, con una interacción, también significativa, entre ambos factores, mientras que la variabilidad lineal únicamente se vio afectada por la intensidad del pedaleo. En conclusión, el efecto de la intensidad de pedaleo en la variabilidad de las fuerzas podría explicarse por la propia mecánica del pedaleo y el “principio de mínima intervención”. Igualmente, los resultados de variabilidad cinética lineal y no lineal durante el pedaleo deben ser interpretados diferencialmente, siendo este último análisis más sensible para discriminar entre niveles de rendimiento en ciclistas.
Converging Lenses: PLE diagrams, PKM Workflows and Scholarly Ontologies
Authors: Cosgrave Michael 
Published: January 2023

This paper reviews the emergence and development of three different perspectives on knowledge work – PLE (Personal Learning Environments), PKM (Personal Knowledge Management) and Scholarly Ontologies. Each is described briefly, followed by an overview of how they align and might usefully be used as approaches to introducing students to formal methods of knowledge processes in their learning.
Este artículo revisa el surgimiento y desarrollo de tres perspectivas diferentes sobre el trabajo del conocimiento: PLE (Entornos personales de aprendizaje), PKM (Gestión personal del conocimiento) y Ontologías académicas. Cada uno se describe brevemente, seguido de una descripción general de cómo se alinean y podrían usarse de manera útil como enfoques para presentar a los estudiantes métodos formales de procesos de conocimiento en su aprendizaje.
En este artículo se revisa la aparición y el desarrollo de tres perspectivas distintas para aproximarse al trabajo con el conocimiento: los PLE (Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje), las PKM (Redes de gestión del conocimiento) y las ontologías académicas. Cada una de las perspectivas se describe brevemente, y a continuación se presenta una visión general de cómo se armonizan, complementan y pueden ser útiles como enfoques para la introducción de los estudiantes en los métodos formales para procesar el conocimiento en sus diversos ámbitos de aprendizaje.
Diseño y validación de contenido de una rúbrica para medir el valor educativo de aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles
Authors: Expósito-López Jorge , Romero-Díaz de la Guardia José Javier , Olmedo-Moreno Eva María 
Published: January 2023

Applications for mobile devices are increasingly a frequently used resource in different educational settings. The objective of this work was the design and validation of an instrument to measure the educational value of these applications, which has been called E-V-A (Educational Value Assessment). A process comprised of three phases was followed, according to a mixed methodology, considering the conceptual and theoretical design of the rubric, the functional design of dimensions, indicators and descriptors, as well as the subsequent validation of theoretical-practical content through expert judgment on relevance, clarity and adequacy, using the Delphi technique. The validation process allowed the formulation of an evaluation rubric for educational apps made up of 100 items structured into 21 blocks and 5 dimensions: personal development, cognitive and metacognitive development, learning and skills development; social development and technical dimension. This instrument can be very useful for teaching professionals who need to measure the educational value of an app through a structured and uniform protocol.
Las aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles son cada vez más un recurso frecuentemente utilizado en los diferentes escenarios educativos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue el diseño y validación de un instrumento para medir el valor educativo de estas aplicaciones, al que se ha denominado E-V-A (Educational Value Assessment). Se siguió un proceso estructurado en tres fases, acorde a una metodología mixta, contemplando el diseño conceptual y teórico de la rúbrica, diseño funcional de dimensiones, indicadores y descriptores de valoración y posterior validación de contenido teórico-práctica mediante juicio de expertos en torno a la pertinencia, claridad y adecuación, utilizando técnica Delphi. El proceso de validación permitió la formulación de una rúbrica de evaluación de app educativas compuesta por 100 ítems estructurados en 21 bloques y 5 dimensiones: desarrollo personal, desarrollo cognitivo y metacognitivo, desarrollo del aprendizaje y de competencias; desarrollo social y dimensión técnica. Este instrumento puede ser de gran utilidad para profesionales de la docencia que necesiten medir el valor educativo de una app mediante un protocolo estructurado y uniforme.
El mito de la Fuente de la Juventud en el sermonario de san Vicente Ferrer: contra “poetes e altres faules”
Authors: Calvé Mascarell Óscar 
Published: January 2023

El presente trabajo se aproxima, con el apoyo de la producción figurativa contemporánea, a la tensa relación del predicador dominico Vicent Ferrer (c. 1350-1419) con autores que no dedicaron su obra al adoctrinamiento de la fe cristiana, o si lo hicieron, no fue en la forma tradicional. En sus sermones Ferrer no dudó en descalificar forma y contenido de cualquier literatura ajena a la revelación del dogma, apuntando que el destino de gran parte de los poetas era arder en el infierno. Llegó a parodiarlos públicamente, pues sus textos «sólo resultan bien a los oídos y no reportan ningún fruto sino la cadencia tan, taran, etc.». Mayor enjundia presentan alusiones a motivos concretos como el de la «Font Jove», de especial arraigo en la ficción caballeresca: presentada por Ferrer como desviación literaria del sacramento del bautismo, gozó de enorme éxito figurativo. Este y otros casos informan sobre la recepción heterogénea de una determinada producción cultural del momento.
El presente trabajo se aproxima, con el apoyo de la producción figurativa contemporánea, a la tensa relación del predicador dominico Vicent Ferrer (c. 1350-1419) con autores que no dedicaron su obra al adoctrinamiento de la fe cristiana, o si lo hicieron, no fue en la forma tradicional. En sus sermones Ferrer no dudó en descalificar forma y contenido de cualquier literatura ajena a la revelación del dogma, apuntando que el destino de gran parte de los poetas era arder en el infierno. Llegó a parodiarlos públicamente, pues sus textos «sólo resultan bien a los oídos y no reportan ningún fruto sino la cadencia tan, taran, etc.». Mayor enjundia presentan alusiones a motivos concretos como el de la «Font Jove», de especial arraigo en la ficción caballeresca: presentada por Ferrer como desviación literaria del sacramento del bautismo, gozó de enorme éxito figurativo. Este y otros casos informan sobre la recepción heterogénea de una determinada producción cultural del momento.
Campos García Rojas, Axayácatl y Yordi Enrique Gutiérrez Barreto (eds.), «En línea caballeresca», Ciudad de México, UNAM, 2020
Authors: Pallardó Betlem 
Published: January 2023

Ressenya de: Campos García Rojas, Axa y Jordi Gutiérrez Barreto (eds.), En línea caballeresca: lecciones del Seminario de Estudios sobre Narrativa Caballeresca, México, UNAM, 2020
Arsenic and mercury tolerant rhizobacteria that can improve phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils
Authors: Rojas-Solis Daniel , Larsen John , Lindig-Cisneros Roberto 
Published: January 2023

Background
Mining deposits often contain high levels of toxic elements such as mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) representing strong environmental hazards. The purpose of this study was the isolation for plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPBs) that can improve phytoremediation of such mine waste deposits.

Methods
We isolated native soil bacteria from the rhizosphere of plants of mine waste deposits and agricultural land that was previously mine tailings from Tlalpujahua Michoacán, Mexico, and were identified by their fatty acid profile according to the MIDI Sherlock system. Plant growth promoting traits of all bacterial isolates were examined including production of 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA), siderophores, biofilm formation, and phosphate solubilization. Finally, the response of selected bacteria to mercury and arsenic was examined an in-vitro assay.

Results
A total 99 bacterial strains were isolated and 48 identified, representing 34 species belonging to 23 genera. Sixty six percent of the isolates produced IAA of which Pseudomonas fluorescens TL97 produced the most. Herbaspirillum huttiense TL36 performed best in terms of phosphate solubilization and production of siderophores. In terms of biofilm formation, Bacillus atrophaeus TL76 was the best.

Discussion
Most of the bacteria isolates showed high level of tolerance to the arsenic (as HAsNa2O4 and AsNaO2), whereas most isolates were susceptible to HgCl2. Three of the selected bacteria with PGP traits Herbispirillum huttiense TL36, Klebsiella oxytoca TL49 and Rhizobium radiobacter TL52 were also tolerant to high concentrations of mercury chloride, this might could be used for restoring or phytoremediating the adverse environmental conditions present in mine waste deposits.
A study of sustainable growing media through the utilization of agricultural by-products as organic substrates for tomato seedling production
Authors: Truong Ha Duy , Nin Le Thanh , Quynh An Nguyen 
Published: January 2023

Tomato is a widely cultivated and consumed vegetable crop in the world. It is a valuable source of nutritional compositions and health-promoting phytochemicals. This study aimed to evaluate the growth response of tomato seedlings to the use of media mixtures formulated from rice husk ash (RHA), coir (C), canna residue (CR), and animal manures, including pig manure (PM), chicken manure (CKM), and cow manure (CM). Five treatments were applied at proportions: 25% RHA + 25% C + 25% CR + 25% PM (T1), 25% RHA + 25% C + 25% CR + 25% CKM (T2), 25% RHA + 25% C + 25% CR + 25% CM (T3), 25% RHA + 25% C + 25% CR + 25% peat (T4), and 100% TS2 (Kultursubstrat aus Weibtorf White Peat Potting Substrate) commercial product (T5). Our results suggested that, in comparison with the treatment of T5 the experimented media showed positive effects on the growth of tomato plants during the nursery stage. The best response was recorded in the treatment T1 with the highest germination rate (96.05%) after 10 days of sowing. Also, T1 obtained great values of plant height, leaf number, and root volume on day 30 after sowing, which were 7.85 cm, 3.5 leaves per plant, and 1.08 cm3, respectively. These findings indicated that the tested byproduct materials offer a viable and sustainable alternative to producing growing media for tomato seedling practices.
Keywords: Growing media, rice husk ash, coir, canna residue, and animal manures, tomato by-product.
Combination therapy with carvedilol and amiodarone in patients with severe heart failure
Authors: Nägele Herbert , Bohlmann Michael , Eck Ulrich , Petersen Ben , Rödiger Wilfried 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Carvedilol and at least in some studies, amiodarone have been shown to improve symptoms and prognosis of patients with heart failure. There are no reports on the outcome of combined treatment with both drugs on top of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), diuretics and digitalis.Methods and Results:In 109 patients with severe heart failure submitted for heart transplantation at one single center between the years 1996 and 1998 [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 24.6±11%, 85% males, 52% idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), mean observation time 1.9±0.4 years] a therapy with low‐dose amiodarone (1000 mg/week) plus titrated doses of carvedilol (target 50 mg/day) was instituted. In addition, patients received a prophylactic dual chamber pacemaker (PM) in order to protect from bradycardia and for continuous holter monitoring. The devices were programed in back‐up mode with a basal rate of 40 i.p.m. with a hysteresis of 25%. Significantly, more patients were in sinus rhythm after 1 year than at study entry (85% vs. 63%, P<0.01). In 47 patients, under therapy over at least 1 year, the resting heart rate fell from 90±19 to 59±5 b.p.m. (P<0.001). Ventricular premature contractions in 24‐h holter ECGs were suppressed from 1.0±3 to 0.1±0.3%/24 h (P<0.001) as did numbers of tachycardias >167 b.p.m. detected by the pacemaker (1.2±2.8 episodes/patient/3 months vs. 0.3±0.8 episodes/patient/3 months after 1 year (P<0.01). The LVEF increased from 26±10 to 39±13% (P<0.001). NYHA class improved from 3.17±0.3 to 1.8±0.6 (P<0.001) as well as right heart catheterization data. From the total cohort, seven patients (6%) developed symptomatic documented bradycardic rhythm disturbances requiring reprograming of their pacemakers to DDD(R)/VVI(R) mode with higher basic rates. Two of these patients developed AV block, four sinu‐atrial blocks or sinus bradycardia and one patient had bradycardic atrial fibrillation. During the observation period five patients died (3 sudden, 1 due to heart failure and 1 due to mesenteric infarction). Two patients had undergone heart transplants. The 1‐year survival rate (Kaplan–Meier) without transplantation was 89%. Compared to historic control patients with amiodarone only (n=154) or without either agent (n=283) this rate was 64 and 57% (P<0.01).Conclusions:Heart failure patients benefit from a combined therapy with carvedilol and amiodarone resulting in a markedly improved NYHA stage, an increase in LV ejection fraction, a stabilization of sinus rhythm, a significant reduction in heart rate, a delay of electrical signal conduction and a suppression of ventricular ectopies. Approximately 6% of patients under such a regime became pacemaker‐dependent in the first year. Compared to historic controls prognosis was better and the need for heart transplantation was lower. The exact role of either agent in combination or alone should be clarified in larger randomized studies.
Continuous Cultivation of the Diatom Nitzschia laevis for Eicosapentaenoic Acid Production: Physiological Study and Process Optimization
Authors: Wen Zhi‐You , Chen Feng 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe continuous cultures of the diatom Nitzschia laevis were performed at different dilution rates ( D) and feed glucose concentrations ( S0) to investigate cellular physiological responses and its production potential of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Steady‐state cell dry weight, residual glucose concentration, cell growth yield, specific glucose consumption rate, and fatty acid profiles were investigated within the range of D from 0.1 to 1.0 day−1 ( S0 fixed at 20 g/L) and the range of S0 from 5 to 35 g/L ( D fixed at 0.3 day−1), respectively. The highest EPA productivity of 73 mg L‐1 day‐1 was obtained at D = 0.5 day−1 and S0 = 20 g/L. However, when the continuous culture achieved high productivities of EPA at certain dilution rates and feed glucose concentrations, glucose in the feed could not be consumed completely. Accordingly, the continuous culture was evaluated in terms of both EPA productivity ( P) and glucose assimilation efficiency ( E). The parameter η, defined as the product of P and E, was used as an overall performance index. Since η is a function of the two independent variables Dand S0, we employed a central composite design to optimize D and S0 for the highest η value. Based on the experimental results of the design, a second‐order polynomial equation was established to represent the relationship between η and D and S0. The optimal values of D and S0 were subsequently determined as 0.481 day−1 and 15.56 g/L, respectively by the empirical model. The verification experiment confirmed the validity of the model. Under the optimal conditions, η value reached 46.5 mg L‐1 day‐1, suggesting a considerably high efficiency of the continuous culture of N. laevis in terms of EPA production and glucose utilization.