bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human–machine collaboration for improving semiconductor process development
Authors: Kanarik Keren J. , Osowiecki Wojciech T. , Lu Yu , Talukder Dipongkar , Roschewsky Niklas , Park Sae Na , Kamon Mattan , Fried David M. , Gottscho Richard A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the bottlenecks to building semiconductor chips is the increasing cost required to develop chemical plasma processes that form the transistors and memory storage cells1,2. These processes are still developed manually using highly trained engineers searching for a combination of tool parameters that produces an acceptable result on the silicon wafer3. The challenge for computer algorithms is the availability of limited experimental data owing to the high cost of acquisition, making it difficult to form a predictive model with accuracy to the atomic scale. Here we study Bayesian optimization algorithms to investigate how artificial intelligence (AI) might decrease the cost of developing complex semiconductor chip processes. In particular, we create a controlled virtual process game to systematically benchmark the performance of humans and computers for the design of a semiconductor fabrication process. We find that human engineers excel in the early stages of development, whereas the algorithms are far more cost-efficient near the tight tolerances of the target. Furthermore, we show that a strategy using both human designers with high expertise and algorithms in a human first–computer last strategy can reduce the cost-to-target by half compared with only human designers. Finally, we highlight cultural challenges in partnering humans with computers that need to be addressed when introducing artificial intelligence in developing semiconductor processes.
An airway-to-brain sensory pathway mediates influenza-induced sickness
Authors: Bin Na-Ryum , Prescott Sara L. , Horio Nao , Wang Yandan , Chiu Isaac M. , Liberles Stephen D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPathogen infection causes a stereotyped state of sickness that involves neuronally orchestrated behavioural and physiological changes1,2. On infection, immune cells release a ‘storm’ of cytokines and other mediators, many of which are detected by neurons3,4; yet, the responding neural circuits and neuro–immune interaction mechanisms that evoke sickness behaviour during naturalistic infections remain unclear. Over-the-counter medications such as aspirin and ibuprofen are widely used to alleviate sickness and act by blocking prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis5. A leading model is that PGE2 crosses the blood–brain barrier and directly engages hypothalamic neurons2. Here, using genetic tools that broadly cover a peripheral sensory neuron atlas, we instead identified a small population of PGE2-detecting glossopharyngeal sensory neurons (petrosal GABRA1 neurons) that are essential for influenza-induced sickness behaviour in mice. Ablating petrosal GABRA1 neurons or targeted knockout of PGE2 receptor 3 (EP3) in these neurons eliminates influenza-induced decreases in food intake, water intake and mobility during early-stage infection and improves survival. Genetically guided anatomical mapping revealed that petrosal GABRA1 neurons project to mucosal regions of the nasopharynx with increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 after infection, and also display a specific axonal targeting pattern in the brainstem. Together, these findings reveal a primary airway-to-brain sensory pathway that detects locally produced prostaglandins and mediates systemic sickness responses to respiratory virus infection.
A screen for MeCP2-TBL1 interaction inhibitors using a luminescence-based assay
Authors: Alexander-Howden Beatrice , Zhang Li , van der Sloot Almer M. , Tollis Sylvain , St-Cyr Daniel J. , Sicheri Frank , Bird Adrian P. , Tyers Mike , Lyst Matthew J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular pathology of neurodevelopmental disorders should aid the development of therapies for these conditions. In MeCP2 duplication syndrome (MDS)—a severe autism spectrum disorder—neuronal dysfunction is caused by increased levels of MeCP2. MeCP2 is a nuclear protein that binds to methylated DNA and recruits the nuclear co-repressor (NCoR) complex to chromatin via an interaction with the WD repeat-containing proteins TBL1 and TBLR1. The peptide motif in MeCP2 that binds to TBL1/TBLR1 is essential for the toxicity of excess MeCP2 in animal models of MDS, suggesting that small molecules capable of disrupting this interaction might be useful therapeutically. To facilitate the search for such compounds, we devised a simple and scalable NanoLuc luciferase complementation assay for measuring the interaction of MeCP2 with TBL1/TBLR1. The assay allowed excellent separation between positive and negative controls, and had low signal variance (Z-factor = 0.85). We interrogated compound libraries using this assay in combination with a counter-screen based on luciferase complementation by the two subunits of protein kinase A (PKA). Using this dual screening approach, we identified candidate inhibitors of the interaction between MeCP2 and TBL1/TBLR1. This work demonstrates the feasibility of future screens of large compound collections, which we anticipate will enable the development of small molecule therapeutics to ameliorate MDS.
Seagrass deformation affects fluid instability and tracer exchange in canopy flow
Authors: Vieira Guilherme S. , Allshouse Michael R. , Mahadevan Amala 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMonami is the synchronous waving of a submerged seagrass bed in response to unidirectional fluid flow. Here we develop a multiphase model for the dynamical instabilities and flow-driven collective motions of buoyant, deformable seagrass. We show that the impedance to flow due to the seagrass results in an unstable velocity shear layer at the canopy interface, leading to a periodic array of vortices that propagate downstream. Our simplified model, configured for unidirectional flow in a channel, provides a better understanding of the interaction between these vortices and the seagrass bed. Each passing vortex locally weakens the along-stream velocity at the canopy top, reducing the drag and allowing the deformed grass to straighten up just beneath it. This causes the grass to oscillate periodically even in the absence of water waves. Crucially, the maximal grass deflection is out of phase with the vortices. A phase diagram for the onset of instability shows its dependence on the fluid Reynolds number and an effective buoyancy parameter. Less buoyant grass is more easily deformed by the flow and forms a weaker shear layer, with smaller vortices and less material exchange across the canopy top. While higher Reynolds number leads to stronger vortices and larger waving amplitudes of the seagrass, waving amplitude is maximized at intermediate grass buoyancy. All together, our theory and computations develop an updated schematic of the instability mechanism consistent with experimental observations.
Energy loss function of samarium
Authors: Yang T. F. , Zeng R. G. , Yang L. H. , Sulyok A. , Menyhárd M. , Tőkési K. , Ding Z. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a combined experimental and theoretical work to obtain the energy loss function (ELF) or the excitation spectrum of samarium in the energy loss range between 3 and 200 eV. At low loss energies, the plasmon excitation is clearly identified and the surface and bulk contributions are distinguished. For the precise analysis the frequency-dependent energy loss function and the related optical constants (n and k) of samarium were extracted from the measured reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra by the reverse Monte Carlo method. The ps- and f-sum rules with final ELF fulfils the nominal values with 0.2% and 2.5% accuracy, respectively. It was found that a bulk mode locates at 14.2 eV with the peak width ~6 eV and the corresponding broaden surface plasmon mode locates at energies of 5-11 eV.
A micro-vibration-driven direct ink write printing method of gallium–indium alloys
Authors: Lin Sheng , Zhang Long , Cong Liang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCombining liquid fluidity and metallic conductivity, gallium–indium (Ga–In) alloys are making a splash in areas such as stretchable electronic circuits and wearable medical devices. Due to high flexibility, direct ink write printing is already widely employed for printing Ga–In alloys. Currently, pneumatic extrusion is the main method of direct ink write printing, but the oxide skin and low viscosity of the Ga–In alloys make it challenging to control after extrusion. This work proposed a method for direct ink write printing of Ga–In alloys utilizing micro-vibration-driven extrusion. Micro-vibration reduces the surface tension of Ga–In alloy droplets and avoids the appearance of random droplets during printing. Under micro-vibration, the nozzle tip pierces the oxide skin to form small droplets which have a high moldability. The droplet growth process is significantly slowed down by optimizing suitable micro-vibration parameters. Therefore, the Ga–In alloy droplets with high moldability can be maintained at the nozzle for a long period, which improves printability. Furthermore, better printing outcomes were obtained with micro-vibrations by choosing the proper nozzle height and printing speed. Experiment results demonstrated the superiority of the method in terms of Ga–In alloys extrusion control. With this method, the printability of the liquid metals is enhanced.
A grid‐based searching algorithm for observer‐based multiobjective control of T–S fuzzy stochastic jump‐diffusion systems
Authors: Wu Chien‐Feng , Hwang Chi‐Kwang , Chiu Wei‐Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost studies on a multiobjective optimal control problem (MOCP) with nonlinear stochastic jump‐diffusion system (NSJDS) constraints assume the state vector is available, but in practice, this is not necessarily the case. The observer‐based MOCP is worthy of further research. Furthermore, the hybrid multiobjective differential evolution algorithm (HMODEA) is usually employed to help solve MOCPs with dynamical system constraints, and such problems often have a higher computational burden. To address these two issues, a grid‐based front‐squeezing searching algorithm (GBFSA) is proposed to solve the observer‐based MOCP with NSJDS. Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model is used to approximate the NSJDS and convert the problem into an MOCP with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. Then, the GBFSA efficiently searches for the Pareto front by merging the LMIs and the squeezing theorem. To automatically select a preferred Pareto controller, the minimum Manhattan distance (MMD) approch is applied. Mathematical proofs are given to show that the obtained Pareto optimal controller can concurrently stabilize the associated NSJDS and achieve the desired performance indices. In addition, computational complexity and convergence analysis are also provided.
Finite‐time synchronization of network systems with linear and nonlinear couplings via quantized intermittent‐adaptive control
Authors: Yan Jie , Zhang Wanli , Feng Ji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the synchronization problem of network systems (NSs) via finite‐time (FIT) control techniques. First, the network systems include two complex networks with linear couplings, nonlinear couplings and different rates of evolution. In order to realize the goal of synchronization, intermittent‐adaptive control schemes with quantizer are designed. Then, several FIT synchronization criteria are established by using the designed controllers whose parameters could be adjusted automatically according to the adaptive laws. At the rest of this article, the numerical simulations are provided to illustrate our results.
A fast user actual privilege reasoning framework based on privilege dependency graph reduction
Authors: Bai Wei , Cheng Angxuan , Wang Cailing , Pan Zhisong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is a key point to find out the actual privileges of network users in network security risk assessment. The Privilege dependency graph (PDG) provides an effective way to reason the actual privileges of network users from their initial privileges. The existing User Actual Privilege reasoning method is time‐consuming and not suitable for large‐scale networks. This paper introduces a fast User Actual Privilege reasoning framework based on PDG reduction. The core idea is to reduce the size of the graph as much as possible before the actual privilege reasoning. Three different nodes merged scenarios are proposed and discussed, as well as the influences of different execution sequences and execution times. Networks of different sizes were simulated to validate the effectiveness and scalability of their method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can decrease the time of User Actual Privilege reasoning by over 25% in large‐scale networks.
Effect of biopsy protocol adherence vs non-adherence on dysplasia detection rates in Barrett’s esophagus surveillance endoscopies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beaufort Ilse , Akkerman Elisabeth , van Munster Sanne , Weusten Bas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Barrett’s esophagus (BE) surveillance endoscopies are advised for early diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Current guidelines recommend obtaining four-quadrant random biopsies every 2 centimeters of BE length alongside with targeted biopsies if visible lesions are present. Low adherence rates for this random biopsy protocol are widely reported. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of adherence versus non-adherence to the four-quadrant biopsy protocol on detection of dysplasia in BE patients.
Methods We searched for studies that reported effects of adherence and non-adherence to the four-quadrant biopsy protocol on dysplasia detection rates in BE patients. Adherence was defined as taking a minimum of 4 quadrant random biopsies per 2 cm of BE segment. Studies with low risk of bias and without applicability concerns were included in a good quality synthesis. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of dysplasia detection rates were calculated.
Results A total of 1,570 studies were screened and 8 studies were included. Four studies were included in the good quality synthesis. In the pooled good quality analysis, four-quadrant biopsy protocol adherence significantly increased detection of dysplasia compared to non-adherence (RR 1.90, 95 % CI = 1.36–2.64; I2 = 45 %). Pooled RRs for LGD and HGD/EAC were 2.00 (95 % CI = 1.49–2.69; I2 = 0 %) and 2.03 (95 % CI = 0.98–4.24; I2 = 28 %), respectively.
Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that four-quadrant biopsy protocol adherence is associated with increased detection of dysplasia in BE patients. Efforts should be made to increase biopsy protocol adherence rates.
Regulation of Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance and Diabetic
Parameters in Drug Naïve Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with
Canagliflozin Monotherapy
Authors: Kutoh Eiji , Kuto Alexandra N. , Ozawa Eri , Kurihara Rumi , Akiyama Midori 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate the link between the
baseline/changes of body weight and those of diabetic parameters during
treatment with an SGLT-2 inhibitor. Drug naïve subjects with T2DM
received canagliflozin monotherapy for 3 months. Adipo-IR was selected as the
significant factor responsible for the changes of (Δ)BMI with this drug.
While no correlations were noted between ΔBMI and ΔFBG,
ΔHbA1c, ΔHOMA-R or ΔQUICKI, significant negative
correlations were observed between ΔBMI and Δadipo-IR
(R=−0.308). The subjects were divided into two groups with
baseline BMI<25 (n=31, group alpha) or≥25 (n=39,
group beta). Baseline levels of FBG, HbA1c, T-C, TG, non-HDL-C, LDL-C showed no
differences between group alpha and beta. The subjects were also divided into
two equal numbers of subjects (n=35 each) based on the changes of
weight: the lower half (−3.6%, p<0.00001, group A) and
the upper half (0.1%, n.s., group B) of ∆BMI. FBG, HbA1c or
HOMA-R significantly, similarly decreased, while QUICKI increased in group A and
B. TG significantly decreased, while HDL-C increased in group A. HOMA-B
significantly increased, while adipo-IR insignificantly decreased in group B.
Collectively, these results suggest that 1) adipose tissue insulin resistance is
responsible for the weight changes with canagliflozin. 2) baseline levels of
glycemic and some lipid parameters were similar between obese and non-obese
populations. 3) weight changes with canagliflozin were not associated with its
glycemic or insulin sensitizing efficacies but were linked to adipose-tissue
insulin resistance, some lipids, and beta-cell function.
Toxicity of Propylene Glycol Extract of Propolis on Central Nervous
System and Liver in Pregnant and Neonatal Rats
Authors: Silici Sibel , Okan Aslı , Köklü Betül , Demiray Sevim , Doğanyiğit Züleyha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Propolis has become one of the most preferred supplements due
to its beneficial biological properties. Organic (water and vegetable oils) and
chemical (ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, and glycerol) solvents are used for
propolis extraction. However, the effects of these chemicals on health should be
taken into account.
Objectives In this study, the effects of propolis extracts on health were
evaluated.
Methods 32 pregnant Wistar albino rats and 64 neonatal/young
adults were given three different extractions of propolis (propylene glycol,
water, and olive oil). Histopathological analyses were performed on the liver
and brain, and blood samples were taken from the hearts of rats.
Results Histopathological scoring showed that the intensity of pycnotic
hepatocyte, sinusoidal dilatation, and bleeding was high in liver samples of
pregnant and baby rats given propylene glycol extract of propolis
(p<0.05). Propylene glycol extract caused dilatation of blood vessels
and apoptosis of neurons in brain tissue. The histopathological score was
significantly lower in liver and brain tissues of rats treated with water and
olive oil extract compared to propylene propolis groups (p<0.05). Liver
enzyme levels in the blood increased in propylene propolis rats
(p<0.05).
Conclusion Histopathological changes and biochemical alterations may
indicate that propylene glycol extracts of propolis are more toxic than olive
oil and water extracts. Therefore, olive oil and water extracts of propolis are
more reliable than propylene glycol extract in pregnant and infant rats.
Schmerzen nach Verwendung eines Chitosan-Neurotubes bei
Medianusverletzung
Authors: Schneider Laura Anna , Horner Verena Kassiopeia , Bonaventura Bastian , Simunovic Filip 
Published: March 2023

FalldarstellungDie Erstvorstellung der 29-jährigen Patientin ohne relevante internistische
Vorerkrankungen erfolgte dreieinhalb Jahre nach einem Stolpersturz in eine
Glasscheibe. Hierbei zog sie sich eine Schnittverletzung beugeseits distal am
rechten Unterarm zu. Bei der Erstversorgung wurde lediglich die durchtrennte
Flexor-carpi-radialis-Sehne adressiert. Die vollständige Durchtrennung des
N. medianus, der langen Daumenbeugesehne und der oberflächlichen Beugesehne
des Mittelfingers (FDS III) wurden erst nach zehn Wochen erkannt, als die Patientin
nach der Ruhigstellung bei der ergotherapeutischen Beübung eine
persistierende Asensibilität im Medianusgebiet einhergehend mit
Neuromschmerzen sowie eine Bewegungseinschränkung des Daumens beklagte.
Skala Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung in Leichter Sprache (SWE-LS):
interne Konsistenz, Normwerte und Zusammenhänge mit demografischen
Variablen in einer repräsentativen Stichprobe
Authors: Berger Uwe , Schwager Susanne , Matthes Anni , Strauß Bernhard , Wick Katharina 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In Deutschland leben ca. 6,2 Mio. Menschen mit
eingeschränkter Literalität. Diese können über
Einzelsätze hinaus nicht in schriftlicher Sprache kommunizieren und
erleben damit eine eingeschränkte soziale Teilhabe in vielen
alltäglichen Bereichen. Darüber hinaus sind sie aber auch von
der Beteiligung an befragungsbasierter sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung
ausgeschlossen.
Methode Um Personen mit eingeschränkter Literalität die
Teilhabe an schriftlichen Befragungen zu ermöglichen, müssen
vorhandene Fragebögen in Leichte Sprache überführt und
die psychometrische Güte neu geprüft werden. Dieser Prozess
wurde beim Fragebogen zur Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (SWE) durchlaufen. Die
neue Skala in Leichter Sprache (SWE-LS) wurde an einer repräsentativen
Stichprobe der deutschen Bevölkerung im Alter ab 14 Jahren
geprüft (N=2,531).
Ergebnisse Die SWE-LS-Skala wies eine gute interne Konsistenz
(Cronbach‘s-Alpha=0,84) und angemessene Item-Schwierigkeiten und
Trennschärfen auf. Zu den erhobenen demografischen Variablen zeigten
sich erwartungskonforme Zusammenhänge. So weisen Männer und
Personen mit höherer Bildung und höherem Einkommen eine
signifikant höhere Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung auf. Der Effekt zeigte
sich auch für Ostdeutsche gegenüber Westdeutschen,
zusammenlebenden verheirateten gegenüber getrennt, unverheiratet oder
als Single lebenden Personen.
Diskussion Gegenüber der originalen SWE-Skala hat die SWE-LS-Skala
in leichter Sprache keine methodischen Nachteile. Dem zusätzlichen
Aufwand der sprachlichen Anpassung und neuerlichen psychometrischen
Prüfung steht somit direkt die Ermöglichung der Teilhabe an
befragungsbasierter Forschung von Personen mit eingeschränkter
Literalität (über 12% der erwachsenen
Bevölkerung) gegenüber. Wünschenswert wäre eine
systematische Übersetzung besonders häufig verwendeter
Fragebögen bzw. solcher, die nicht die Grundlagenforschung betreffen,
sondern Forschungsbereiche in denen demografische Variablen selbst zum
Forschungsgegenstand gehören.