bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototype
Authors: Hamborg Felix 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates the effectiveness of person-oriented framing analysis (PFA) by implementing and evaluating a prototypical system for bias identification and communication. In the single-blind setting of the evaluation, only the PFA prototype consistently, significantly, and most strongly increased respondents’ bias-awareness, i.e., respondents’ motivation and capabilities to contrast news coverage. The study results and a qualitative analysis indicate that a reason for the improved bias-awareness is that the frames identified by PFA are meaningful and indeed present in person-centric news coverage. In contrast, and confirming the findings of Chap. 2, the most effective baselines only facilitate the visibility of potential frames.
Encoding beyond cosmological horizons in de Sitter JT gravity
Authors: Levine Adam , Shaghoulian Edgar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Black hole event horizons and cosmological event horizons share many properties, making it natural to ask whether our recent advances in understanding black holes generalize to cosmology. To this end, we discuss a paradox that occurs if observers can access what lies beyond their cosmological horizon in the same way that they can access what lies beyond a black hole horizon. In particular, distinct observers with distinct horizons may encode the same portion of spacetime, violating the no-cloning theorem of quantum mechanics. This paradox is due precisely to the observer-dependence of the cosmological horizon — the sharpest difference from a black hole horizon — although we will argue that the gravity path integral avoids the paradox in controlled examples.
How to identify different new neutrino oscillation physics scenarios at DUNE
Authors: Denton Peter B. , Giarnetti Alessio , Meloni Davide 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Next generation neutrino oscillation experiments are expected to measure the remaining oscillation parameters with very good precision. They will have unprecedented capabilities to search for new physics that modify oscillations. DUNE, with its broad band beam, good particle identification, and relatively high energies will provide an excellent environment to search for new physics. If deviations from the standard three-flavor oscillation picture are seen however, it is crucial to know which new physics scenario is found so that it can be verified elsewhere and theoretically understood. We investigate several benchmark new physics scenarios by looking at existing long-baseline accelerator neutrino data from NOvA and T2K and determine at what sensitivity DUNE can differentiate among them. We consider sterile neutrinos and both vector and scalar non-standard neutrino interactions, all with new complex phases, the latter of which could conceivably provide absolute neutrino mass scale information. We find that, in many interesting cases, DUNE will have good model discrimination. We also perform a new fit to NOvA and T2K data with scalar NSI.
JT gravity from partial reduction and defect extremal surface
Authors: Deng Feiyu , An Yu-Sen , Zhou Yang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We propose the three-dimensional counterpart for Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled with CFT2 bath based on partial reduction. The three-dimensional counterpart is classical AdS gravity with a defect brane which has small fluctuation in transverse direction. We derive full Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity action by considering the transverse fluctuation as a dilaton field. We demonstrate that the fine-grained entropy computed from island formula precisely agrees with that computed from defect extremal surface. Our construction provides a Lorentzian higher dimensional counterpart for Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity glued to a bath and therefore offers a framework to study problems such as black hole information paradox.
Low doses to the heart in daily practice for treating left-sided breast cancer using accelerated partial-breast irradiation by multicatheter brachytherapy and deep-inspiration breath-hold using a SIB
Authors: Knippen Stefan , Schönherr Sven , Schwedas Michael , Teichmann Tobias , Howitz Simon , Mäurer Matthias , Wittig-Sauerwein Andrea , Duma Marciana-Nona 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to analyze the heart dose for left-sided breast cancer that can be achieved during daily practice in patients treated with multicatheter brachytherapy (MCBT) accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) and deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) whole-breast irradiation (WBI) using a simultaneous integrated tumor bed boost (SIB)—two different concepts which nonetheless share some patient overlap.

Materials and methods
We analyzed the nominal average dose (Dmean) to the heart as well as the biologically effective dose (BED) and the equivalent dose in 2‑Gy fractions (EQD2) for an α/β of 3 in 30 MCBT-APBI patients and 22 patients treated with DIBH plus SIB. For further dosimetric comparison, we contoured the breast planning target volume (PTV) in each of the brachytherapy planning CTs according to the ESTRO guidelines and computed tangential field plans. Mean dose (Dmean), EQD2 Dmean, and BED Dmean for three dosing schemes were calculated: 50 Gy/25 fractions and two hypofractionated regimens, i.e., 40.05 Gy/15 fractions and 26 Gy/5 fractions. Furthermore, we calculated tangential field plans without a boost for the 22 cases treated with SIB with the standard dosing scheme of 40.05 Gy/15 fractions.

Results
MCBT and DIBH radiation therapy both show low-dose exposure of the heart. As expected, hypofractionation leads to sparing of the heart dose. Although MCBT plans were not optimized regarding dose to the heart, Dmean differed significantly between MCBT and DIBH (1.28 Gy vs. 1.91 Gy, p < 0.001) in favor of MCBT, even if the Dmean in each group was very low. In MCBT radiation, the PTV–heart distance is significantly associated with the dose to the heart (p < 0.001), but it is not in DIBH radiotherapy using SIB.

Conclusion
In daily practice, both DIBH radiation therapy as well as MCBT show a very low heart exposure and may thus reduce long term cardiac morbidity as compared to currently available long-term clinical data of patients treated with conventional tangential field plans in free breathing. Our analysis confirms particularly good cardiac sparing with MCBT-APBI, so that this technique should be offered to patients with left-sided breast cancer if the tumor-associated eligibility criteria are fulfilled.
Kindlicher Schwindel – Klinik und Verlauf
Authors: Schnabel Lutz , Dunker Konstanze , Huppert Doreen 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Schwindel ist auch im Kindesalter ein häufiges Symptom.

Ziel der Arbeit
Übersicht über Klinik und Verlauf kindlicher Schwindelsyndrome.

Material und Methoden
Auswertung der Hauptdiagnosen von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Deutschen Schwindel- und Gleichgewichtszentrum, LMU München, im Zeitraum Januar 2016 bis Juni 2021; Zusammenstellung relevanter Schwindelsyndrome im Kindesalter.

Ergebnisse
Häufigste Diagnose ist die vestibuläre Migräne, gefolgt von funktionellem Schwindel.

Schlussfolgerungen
In den meisten Fällen ist Schwindel bei Kindern auf gutartige Erkrankungen zurückzuführen und gut zu behandeln. Wichtig ist, seltene und schwerwiegende Ursachen zu erfassen, um eine adäquate Therapie einleiten zu können.
Combined effect of the interlayer temperature with travel speed on features of thin wall WAAM under two cooling approaches
Authors: Teixeira Felipe Ribeiro , Scotti Fernando Matos , Jorge Vinicius Lemes , Scotti Américo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This work presents the evaluation of the interlayer temperature (IT) with travel speed (TS) combined effect for a given wire feed speed (WFS) on operational, geometrical, and metallurgical features of thin walls with the same width deposited by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with a low alloy steel, using or not active cooling. A preliminary experimental design was carried out to define a range of IT that could prevent the molten pool from running down and, then, be used in the main experimental design. The main tests were planned and performed to find different IT and TS combinations for a given WFS capable of depositing walls with the same target effective wall width. After selecting the parameters, six walls were deposited, three under natural cooling (NC) and three under near immersion active cooling (NIAC). A more significant temperature variability along the layer length (ΔT/ΔLL) is observed in increasing IT-TS combination and under NIAC. Regardless of the cooling approach, a worse surface aspect was observed with lower IT and TS. However, NC or NIAC do not affect the wall width (effective or external) or the layer height. On the other hand, they are affected by the IT with TS combination. A shorter production time was obtained on the walls with NIAC and higher IT-TS. No marked microstructural differences were observed comparing the walls, regardless of the cooling approach. However, microstructure tempering (hardness reduction) was observed in the walls deposited with NC using higher IT levels.
Robotically assisted laparoscopic lateral suspension: a step-by-step approach aiming to standardize a novel procedure
Authors: Lange Sören , Chatziioannidou Kyriaki , Dällenbach Patrick 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction and hypothesis
The aim of this video is to show a step-by-step approach to robotically assisted laparoscopic lateral suspension for pelvic organ prolapse aiming to standardize this procedure.

Methods
This video shows a robotically assisted laparoscopic approach to a POP-Q stage 3 prolapse with a combined anterior and apical defect. First, the trocars are positioned, with one 8-mm trocar, two lateral trocars 5 cm above the anterior–superior iliac spine, and a 10-mm assistant trocar either paraumbilically or suprapubically. Second, the uterovesical pouch is dissected up to 2 cm above the level of the bladder neck. The mesh is then fixed to the vesicovaginal fascia and to the isthmus uteri. Next, a laparoscopic forceps is inserted retroperitoneally through the lateral trocars and the lateral arms of the mesh are pulled retroperitoneally. The peritoneum of the uterovesical fold is sutured, including round ligament plication. Finally, the lateral arms of the peritoneum are fixed to the peritoneum of the abdominal wall.

Conclusions
Robotically assisted laparoscopic lateral suspension is a safe alternative to laparoscopic and robotically assisted laparoscopic sacropexy and very well suited for uterine-preserving POP surgery. This video contributes to the standardization of this procedure, and we believe our video to be useful in helping urogynecologists to perform this innovative procedure.
Efficient PFAS prioritization in non-target HRMS data: systematic evaluation of the novel MD/C-m/C approach
Authors: Zweigle Jonathan , Bugsel Boris , Zwiener Christian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract Non-target screening (NTS) based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is necessary to comprehensively characterize per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in environmental, biological, and technical samples due to the very limited availability of authentic PFAS reference standards. Since in trace analysis, MS/MS information is not always achievable and only selected PFAS are present in homologous series, further techniques to prioritize measured HRMS data (features) according to their likelihood of being PFAS are highly desired due to the importance of efficient data reduction during NTS. Kaufmann et al. (J AOAC Int, 2022) presented a very promising approach to separate selected PFAS from sample matrix features by plotting the mass defect (MD) normalized to the number of carbons (MD/C) vs. mass normalized to the number of C (m/C). We systematically evaluated the advantages and limitations of this approach by using ~ 490,000 chemical formulas of organic chemicals (~ 210,000 PFAS, ~ 160,000 organic contaminants, and 125,000 natural organic matter compounds) and calculating how efficiently, and especially which, PFAS can be prioritized. While PFAS with high fluorine content (approximately: F/C > 0.8, H/F < 0.8, mass percent of fluorine > 55%) can be separated well, partially fluorinated PFAS with a high hydrogen content are more difficult to prioritize, which we discuss for selected PFAS. In the MD/C-m/C approach, even compounds with highly positive MDs above 0.5 Da and hence incorrectly assigned to negative MDs can still be separated from true negative mass defect features by the normalized mass (m/C). Furthermore, based on the position in the MD/C-m/C plot, we propose the estimation of the fluorine fraction in molecules for selected PFAS classes. The promising MD/C-m/C approach can be widely used in PFAS research and routine analysis. The concept is also applicable to other compound classes like iodinated compounds.
Graphical Abstract
Weyl remainders: an application of geodesic beams
Authors: Canzani Yaiza , Galkowski Jeffrey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe obtain new quantitative estimates on Weyl Law remainders under dynamical assumptions on the geodesic flow. On a smooth compact Riemannian manifold (M, g) of dimension n, let $$\Pi _\lambda $$

Π
λ

denote the kernel of the spectral projector for the Laplacian, $$\mathbb {1}_{[0,\lambda ^2]}(-\Delta _g)$$

1

[
0
,

λ
2

]

(
-

Δ
g

)

. Assuming only that the set of near periodic geodesics over $${W}\subset M$$

W
⊂
M

has small measure, we prove that as $$\lambda \rightarrow \infty $$

λ
→
∞

$$\begin{aligned} \int _{{W}} \Pi _\lambda (x,x)dx=(2\pi )^{-n}{{\,\textrm{vol}\,}}_{_{{\mathbb {R}}^n}}\!(B){{\,\textrm{vol}\,}}_g({W})\,\lambda ^n+O\Big (\frac{\lambda ^{n-1}}{\log \lambda }\Big ), \end{aligned}$$

∫
W

Π
λ

(
x
,
x
)

d
x
=

(
2
π
)

-
n

vol

R

n

(
B
)

vol

g

(
W
)

λ
n

+
O

(

λ

n
-
1

log
λ

)

,

where B is the unit ball. One consequence of this result is that the improved remainder holds on all product manifolds, in particular giving improved estimates for the eigenvalue counting function in the product setup. Our results also include logarithmic gains on asymptotics for the off-diagonal spectral projector $$\Pi _\lambda (x,y)$$

Π
λ

(
x
,
y
)

under the assumption that the set of geodesics that pass near both x and y has small measure, and quantitative improvements for Kuznecov sums under non-looping type assumptions. The key technique used in our study of the spectral projector is that of geodesic beams.
Adoption of Lutetium-177 PSMA radioligand therapy for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer: a total population analysis in Germany from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Flegar Luka , Thoduka Smita George , Librizzi Damiano , Luster Markus , Zacharis Aristeidis , Heers Hendrik , Eisenmenger Nicole , Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat , Eiber Matthias , Weber Wolfgang , Groeben Christer , Huber Johannes 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study is to investigate the adoption and current trends of Lutetium-177 PSMA RLT for mCRPC in Germany.

Methods
We analyzed data from the reimbursement.INFO tool based on German hospitals’ quality reports for Lutetium-177 PSMA RLT from 2016 to 2020 and from the nationwide German hospital billing database (Destatis) for general therapy with open radionuclides in combination with prostate cancer from 2006 to 2020. For validation of these billing data, we included the 177Lu-PSMA RLT cycles from two participating institutions from 2016 to 2020. For detection of trends over time we applied linear regression models.

Results
General therapy with open radionuclides increased from 2006 to 2020. We identified a total of 12,553 177Lu-PSMA RLT cycles. The number of 177Lu-PSMA RLTs steadily increased from a total of 1026 therapies in 2016 to 3328 therapies in 2020 (+ 576 RLT/year; p < 0.005). In 2016, 25 departments of nuclear medicine offered this treatment, which increased to 44 nuclear medicine departments in 2020. In 2016, 16% of nuclear medicine departments (4/25) performed more than 100 177Lu-PSMA RLTs, which increased to 36% (16/44) in 2020 (p < 0.005). In 2016, 88% (22/25) of 177Lu-PSMA RLTs were performed at a university hospital, which decreased to 70% (31/44) in 2020. The proportion of patients older than 65 years receiving 177Lu-PSMA RLT increased from 78% in 2016 to 81% in 2020.

Conclusion
Treatment of mCRPC with 177Lu-PSMA RLT has been rapidly increasing in Germany in the recent years providing an additional therapy option. This development is remarkable, because of outstanding formal EMA approval.
Improving Nitrogen Acquisition and Utilization Through Root Architecture Remodelling: Insight from Legumes
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Yahya Muhammad , Tong Jingyang , Shah Liaqut , Khan Sana Ullah , Ali Ahmad , Sher Alam , Ullah Najeeb , Waheed Abdul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn crop species, nutrient deficiency severely damages plant growth and developmental processes, leading to end-yield penalties. Root architecture remodelling is considered a key factor underpinning nutrient-poor soil environments. Adequate nitrogen (N) supply can play a significant role in sustaining crop productivity on nutrient-deficient soils. However, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizer may pollute the soil and increase the production cost for the growers. To tackle this problem, crop breeders have made tremendous efforts to improve the N-use efficiency of agricultural crops. This article summarizes the recent progress in identifying QTLs/genes, regulatory pathways, and hormonal crosstalk involved in the growth and development of legumes roots system. Moreover, we have described the progress in microbe–root symbiosis via QTLs/genes regulations, which results in improved N acquisition. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the root architecture in response to N availability may help to strengthen the root system of legumes and promote environmental friendly and sustainable agriculture.
Sarcopenia of kidney transplant recipients as a predictive marker for reduced graft function and graft survival after kidney transplantation
Authors: Karakizlis H. , Trudel N. , Brose A. , Reinisch A. , Reichert M. , Hecker A. , Bender F. , Askevold I. , Rainer L. , Weimer R. , Krombach G. A. , Padberg W. , Liese J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The association between sarcopenia of kidney transplant recipients and outcome after kidney transplantation (KT) has not yet been fully understood and is still considered controversial. The aim of our study was to analyze the impact of pre-transplant sarcopenia on graft function, postoperative complication rates, and survival of the patients after renal transplantation.

Methods
In this retrospective single-center study, all patients who underwent KT (01/2013–12/2017) were included. Demographic data, rejection rates, delayed graft function, and graft and patient survival rates were analyzed. Sarcopenia was measured in computed tomography images by the sex-adjusted Hounsfield unit average calculation (HUAC).

Results
During the study period, 111 single KTs (38 women and 73 men) were performed. Living donor kidney transplants were performed in 48.6%. In total, 32.4% patients had sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients were significantly older (59.6 years vs. 49.8 years; p < 0.001), had a higher body mass index (BMI = 27.6 kg/m2 vs. 25.0 kg/m2; p = 0.002), and were more likely to receive deceased donor kidneys (72.2% vs. 41.3%; p = 0.002). Interestingly, 3 years after KT, the creatinine serum levels were significantly higher (2.0 mg/dl vs. 1.5 mg/dl; p = 0.001), whereas eGFR (39.9 ml/min vs. 53.4 ml/min; p = 0.001) and graft survival were significantly lower (p = 0.004) in sarcopenic transplant recipients. Sarcopenic patients stayed in hospital significantly longer postoperatively than those who were non-sarcopenic.

Conclusions
At the time of kidney transplantation, sarcopenia was found to predict reduced long-term graft function and diminished graft survival after KT. The early identification of sarcopenic patients can not only enable an optimized selection of recipients, but also the initiation of pre-habilitation programs during the waiting period.
Random transposon mutagenesis identifies genes essential for transformation in Methanococcus maripaludis
Authors: Fonseca Dallas R. , Loppnow Madison B. , Day Leslie A. , Kelsey Elisa L. , Abdul Halim Mohd Farid , Costa Kyle C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNatural transformation, the process whereby a cell acquires DNA directly from the environment, is an important driver of evolution in microbial populations, yet the mechanism of DNA uptake is only characterized in bacteria. To expand our understanding of natural transformation in archaea, we undertook a genetic approach to identify a catalog of genes necessary for transformation in Methanococcus maripaludis. Using an optimized method to generate random transposon mutants, we screened 6144 mutant strains for defects in natural transformation and identified 25 transformation-associated candidate genes. Among these are genes encoding components of the type IV-like pilus, transcription/translation associated genes, genes encoding putative membrane bound transport proteins, and genes of unknown function. Interestingly, similar genes were identified regardless of whether replicating or integrating plasmids were provided as a substrate for transformation. Using allelic replacement mutagenesis, we confirmed that several genes identified in these screens are essential for transformation. Finally, we identified a homolog of a membrane bound substrate transporter in Methanoculleus thermophilus and verified its importance for transformation using allelic replacement mutagenesis, suggesting a conserved mechanism for DNA transfer in multiple archaea. These data represent an initial characterization of the genes important for transformation which will inform efforts to understand gene flow in natural populations. Additionally, knowledge of the genes necessary for natural transformation may assist in identifying signatures of transformation machinery in archaeal genomes and aid the establishment of new model genetic systems for studying archaea.
An anisotropic parameterization scheme for longwave irradiance and its impact on radiant load in urban outdoor settings
Authors: Wallenberg Nils , Holmer Björn , Lindberg Fredrik , Rayner David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA robust representation of the radiative properties in complex urban settings is important for accurate estimations of radiant load. Here, we present a new parameterization scheme in the SOlar and LongWave Environmental Irradiance Geometry (SOLWEIG) model that partitions the upper hemisphere into 153 patches. Partitioning of the upper hemisphere enables determination if longwave irradiance originates from the sky, vegetation, sunlit building surfaces, or shaded building surfaces from each patch. Furthermore, a model for anisotropic sky longwave irradiance where emissivity increases with zenith angle is included. Comparisons between observations and simulations show high correlation, with R2 and RMSE for Tmrt of 0.94 and 4.6 °C, respectively, and R2 and RMSE for longwave radiation of 0.89 and 14.1 Wm−2, respectively. Simulations show that mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) can be up to 1.5 °C higher with an anisotropic sky compared to a uniform sky as an effect of higher radiant load on the vertical of a human when sky longwave irradiance increases with zenith angle. In comparisons of simulated Tmrt with the new parameterization and old parameterization schemes, previously overestimated Tmrt under trees (high sky obstruction, sky view factor (SVF) < 0.3) can be decreased by up to 3 °C from more realistic estimations using the patches. Moreover, Tmrt close to sunlit walls (SVF ~ 0.5) is increased by up to 2–3 °C from increased exposure to sunlit surfaces. Concluding, anisotropic sky longwave radiation and directionality of longwave radiation from different sources are important in estimations of Tmrt of humans in outdoor settings.