bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could lipocalin 2 be involved in the effects of iron overload and a high-fat diet on neuronal death? An exploratory study
Authors: Passos Maiara Priscila , Freitas Betânia Souza , Nascimento Filipe Valvassori , Kleverston Luisa , Santos Cristophod Souza dos , Schröder Nadja , Bromberg Elke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) controls iron levels, inflammation, cell death and is associated with neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, obesity and insulin resistance modulate LCN2 expression. In this study we explored the effects of neonatal iron overload and a high-fat diet (HFD) after weaning on gene expression of LCN2, its receptor 24p3R, and the pro-apoptotic BCL-2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), besides evaluating the levels of LCN2 and of the anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2). Male Wistar rats received vehicle or carbonyl iron (30mg/kg) from the 12th to the 14th postnatal day. After weaning animals were treated with a HFD or a standard diet. At 9 months animal were euthanized and the hippocampus collected for RT-qPCR analysis of gene expression and Western Blot analysis of protein levels. The results indicate that iron overload during the neonatal period induced an increase in the gene expression for LCN2, its receptor 24p3R, and BIM, besides an increase of LCN2 protein levels. The exposure to a HFD throughout life, increased animals’ body weight and led to the decrease on BIM mRNA and BCl2 protein levels. Moreover, the combination of iron overload and HFD exacerbated the increase in LCN2 levels. In conclusion, the results of this study give support to the hypothesis that early life iron overload and a high fat diet are potential risk factors (each one alone and together) for neuronal death mediated by LCN2.
Analysis of droplet size and distribution for micro-sprinkling hose based on LPM
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Wang Hui , Wang Shelei , Wang Wene , Hu Mingyu , Hu Xiaotao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A micro-sprinkling hose has been a promising type of equipment for water-saving irrigation, due to the cheap, easy to lay and pack up when working. The performance of the micro-sprinkling hose depends on the kinetic energy in the process of field irrigation. The intensity of kinetic energy is determined by the droplet distribution of spraying water in the air. This paper aims to explore the droplet diameter distribution of the micro0sprinkling hose to find out the drop characteristics and the effect of the pressure and spraying angle on the droplet diameter distribution. Therefore, an indoor experiment aimed to explore the drop diameter distribution of micro-sprinkling hose with different pressures (20 kPa, 24 kPa, 28 kPa, and 32 kPa) and different spraying angles (20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70° and 80°) were conducted. The droplet characteristic parameters were measured and collected using a laser precipitation monitor (LPM). The results show that: (1) The diameter of single-hole spraying water droplets of micro-sprinkling hose increased with the increase of pressure, and the distribution range also increases. The diameter of single-hole spraying water droplets of micro-sprinkling hose increases first and then decreases with the increase of spraying angle. The peak value of the droplet diameter appears at the spraying angle of 40°. (2) The farther away from the ground, the larger the percentage of water droplets increased from 0.50 mm to 0.75-1.00 mm. The overall distribution range of water droplet diameter is 0–2.00 mm. The results clarified the droplet diameter distribution characteristics of the micro-sprinkling hose under different four pressures and seven spraying angles. The study has a guiding significance for the structure design of micro-sprinkling hose.
NeuroD1 improved neurocognitive function in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: chen ping , Lin Mou-Hui , Chen Ruo-Fan , Lin Peng-Tao , Li Yu-Xi , Kang De-Zhi , Ye Zu-Cheng , Lin Qing-Song 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes significant long-term neurocognitive dysfunction, which is associated with neuronal death in the hippocampus. Microglia can activate A1 astrocytes by secreting toxins. However, whether NeuroD1 application ameliorates M1microglial polarization through the reduction of A1 astrocyte remains unknown. Methods: 80 adult male C57BL/6 mice were used in this study. SAH was established by pre-chiasmatic injection of 100µl blood. AAV-NeuroD1-GFP virus was injected to the hippocampus 3 days post-SAH. Neurocognitive function, brain water content, In vivo electrophysiology, Golgi staining, western blot and immunofluorescent staining were assessed at day 14 post virus injection. Results: NeuroD1 application dramatically attenuated SAH-induced neuroinflammation by reducing the number of reactive astrocytes and microglia, reversing the transformation of neurotoxic A1 astrocytes and decreasing the secretion of neuroinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, NeuroD1 significantly boosted the endogenous neurogenesis at the late phase of SAH, likely benefited from the improvement of microenvironment by NeuroD1 treatment after SAH. Notably, hippocampus subgranular zone was one of the brain regions most severely affected by SAH and also the region benefited significantly from NeuroD1 treatment. Above all, NeuroD1 treatment significantly alleviated neurocognitive dysfunction by directly reduction A1astrocytes, followed by the amelioration of M1micorglia, and then restoring endogenous neurogenesis impaired by SAH. Conclusions: NeuroD1 efficiently improved neurocognitive function after SAH by modulating astrocytic and microglial polarization. Moreover, NeuroD1 boosted endogenous neurogenesis at the late phase of SAH, likely thanks to the alleviation of neuroinflammatory microenvironment.
Application of network pharmacology and bioinformatics to study the effective components and mechanisms of Xuebijing in the treatment of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Li Li , Li Chunman , Huang ChenChen , Gao Jianmei , Zhang Wen , Wang Jinli , Li Xisha , Wan Lilan , Wang Wenxue , Liu Zhongjian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Xuebijing injection (XBJ), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, the chemical composition and potential therapeutic mechanism is still unclear. Here, we used network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking to investigate the main effective components, potential therapeutic targets and the molecular mechanisms of XBJ in treating AP. TCMSP and HERB database were used to identify components and potential targets of XBJ. GEO database were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AP and normal samples. Genecards, DisGeNet, NCBI and CTD databases were used to search AP-related therapeutic targets. Then, the overlapped genes between potential targets of XBJ, DEGs and therapeutic targets of AP were selected and conducted for bioinformatics analysis. Finally, the binding activity between XBJ’s main effective components and the core potential therapuetic targets of AP were analyzed by molecular docking. As a result, 122 potential therapeutic targets of XBJ for AP treatment were selected. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the mechanism of XBJ in AP treatment might be associated with IL-17 and TNF signaling pathway. Molecular docking demonstrated that the effective components of XBJ had the good binding activity to the 5 core potential therapeutic targets of AP. Further studies found that quercetin and luteolin were the main effective components of XBJ in AP treatment.In conclusions, our outcomes demonstrate that XBJ treated AP depending on quercetin and luteolin, and mainly through IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways.
Clinical, microbiological characteristics and predictors of mortality in patients with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections: a multicentre study
Authors: Anton-Vazquez Vanesa , Evans Terry John , Fernando Samitha , Somasunderam Donald , David Kate , Melzer Mark , Hawkins Lois , Pallett Scott , Morris-Jones Stephen , Arias Mauricio , Drazho Borana , Dall’Antonia Martino , Planche Timothy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the microbiological characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE).
Methods
A multicentre retrospective service evaluation of patients with BSIs due to CPE admitted to six UK hospitals was conducted between 2011 and 2021. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors predicting 30-day case fatality rate (CFR).
Results
There were 84 episodes of CPE-BSIs, 37 (44%) due to OXA-48, 35 (42%) to metallo-betalactamases (MBL) and 12 (14%) to KPC. 63% of patients were male with a median age of 64 years. Common organisms included Klebsiella spp. (61%), Escherichia coli (20%) and Enterobacter spp. (13%). Urinary devices were more often involved in OXA-48 BSIs (12/37; 32%) compared to infections caused by MBL and KPC (4/35; 11% and 1/12; 8%; p 0.046). In contrast, central venous catheters were more frequently present in KPC-BSIs (10/12; 92%) compared with OXA-48 and MBL (11/37; 30% and 20/35; 57%; p 0.002). Effective definitive antimicrobials were received by 72/84 (86%) patients – either empirically or following microbiology results – comprising monotherapy (32/72; 44%) or combination therapy (40/72; 56%). Overall, 30-day case fatality rate (CFR) was 38%. Sepsis or septic shock was associated with death [OR 3.81 (CI 1.19–12.14), p 0.024].
Conclusion
CFR of CPE-BSI remains relatively high. We identified risks from urinary devices and intravenous catheters, but further larger studies are needed to characterise and compare the clinical and microbiological profile of BSIs due to different types of carbapenemases.
Multiple Optimized Ensemble Learning for High-Dimensional Imbalanced Credit Scoring Datasets
Authors: Lenka Sudhansu R. , Bisoy Sukant Kishoro , Priyadarshini Rojalina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Banks determine the financial credibility or the credit score of the applicants before allocating loans to them. In recent decades, several machine learning algorithms have been developed to automate the decision-making process by constructing an effective credit scoring models. However, the high-dimensional and imbalanced credit datasets significantly degrade the models' classification ability. In this study to overcome these issues, a novel multiple-optimized ensemble learning (MOEL) is proposed to build a reliable and accurate credit scoring model. MOEL, first generates multiple diverse optimized subsets from various weighted random forests (WRFs), and from each subset more effective and relevant features are selected. A new evaluation measure is then applied to each subset to determine which subsets are more effectively optimized for the ensemble learning process. The subsets are then applied to a novel oversampling strategy to provide balanced subsets for the base classifier, which lessens the detrimental effects of imbalanced datasets. Finally, to further improve the performance of the base classifier, a stacking-based ensemble method is applied to the balanced subsets. Six credit-scoring datasets were used to evaluate the model's efficacy using the F1 score and G-mean metrics. The empirical results on these datasets demonstrate that MOEL achieves the best value of F1_score and G-mean with a mean ranking of 1.5 and 1.333, respectively.
Chemical structures of phlorotannins from abundant brown seaweeds along tropical and temperate Atlantic coasts and their associated activities
Authors: Kergosien Nolwenn , Cérantola Stéphane , Simon Gaëlle , Connan Solène , Brébion Jérémy , Hennequart Franck , Stiger-Pouvreau Valérie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Phlorotannins are highly hydroxylated polymeric metabolites produced by brown seaweeds, and known for their wide range of bioactivities, which makes them promising for various fields of applications. It is strongly suspected that the potential of their bioactivities is directly related to their chemical structure. The present study aims to characterize the phlorotannin chemical structure of abundant brown macroalgae: two species were collected in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (Sargassum natans I, S. natans VIII and S. fluitans III), while the others (Sargassum muticum, Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria digitata and L. hyperborea) were sampled either on the coasts of Brittany or Normandy (France) and are already valorised by French companies. Phlorotannins were extracted and purified to obtain phlorotannin-rich fractions. These fractions were tested for their radical scavenging activity as well as their antibacterial activity against two bacterial strains of interest for human health and cosmetics. In parallel, the chemical structure of phlorotannins was elucidated through 2-Dimensions Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (2D-NMR). A. nodosum phlorotannin-purified fraction exhibited the highest phenolic content, the highest radical scavenging activity and the highest antibacterial activity against bacterial strains. Phlorethol-type phlorotannins were identified in S. natans I and S. muticum, while fucophlorethol-type phlorotannins were identified in S. natans VIII, L. hyperborea and A. nodosum. The levels of activities seem to be linked with the structure and the quantity of phlorotannins which emphasize the need for further investigations in order to sustain the use of algal phlorotannins as bioactive metabolites for the human well-being sector.
Optimization of multiplicity of infection and serum concentration to improve the titer of adenovirus by "design of experiments"
Authors: Zhou Jingxuan , Tang Jie , Han Yingyan , Ji Teng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: To improve the adenovirus titer by optimizing the existing adenovirus-dependent HEK293 host cell expansion and replication experiments through a “design of experiments” (DoE) approach.
Methods: Various concentrations of host HEK293 cells were infected with a different multiplicity of infection multiplicity of infection(MOI) of adenovirus using optimal experimental conditions, and the titers were detected using an adenovirus titer detection kit to evaluate the optimization effect.
Results: Using DoE, we found that a serum concentration of 2.2%-2.4% and a MOI of 2.3-2.5 could maximize the adenovirus titers.
Conclusion: Optimization of the experimental system of adenovirus culture using DoE could significantly shorten the production time and improve the titer of adenoviruses, providing an experimental basis for the current study and the subsequent expansion of production experiments.
Cluster Editing for Multi-Layer and Temporal Graphs
Authors: Chen Jiehua , Molter Hendrik , Sorge Manuel , Suchy Ondřej 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the recent rapid growth of research for algorithms to cluster multi-layer and temporal graphs, we study extensions of the classical Cluster Editing problem. In Multi-Layer Cluster Editing we receive a set of graphs on the same vertex set, called layers and aim to transform all layers into cluster graphs (disjoint unions of cliques) that differ only slightly. More specifically, we want to mark at most d vertices and to transform each layer into a cluster graph using at most k edge additions or deletions per layer so that, if we remove the marked vertices, we obtain the same cluster graph in all layers. In Temporal Cluster Editing we receive a sequence of layers and we want to transform each layer into a cluster graph so that consecutive layers differ only slightly. That is, we want to transform each layer into a cluster graph with at most k edge additions or deletions and to mark a distinct set of d vertices in each layer so that each two consecutive layers are the same after removing the vertices marked in the first of the two layers. We study the combinatorial structure of the two problems via their parameterized complexity with respect to the parameters d and k, among others. Despite the similar definition, the two problems behave quite differently: In particular, Multi-Layer Cluster Editing is fixed-parameter tractable with running time kO(k+d) sO(1) for inputs of size s, whereas Temporal Cluster Editing is W[1]-hard with respect to k even if d = 3.
Full-factorial design and mathematical models of fixed-bed column adsorption of hexavalent chromium by S. glauca
Authors: Banchhor Alka , Pandey Madhurima , Pandey Piyush Kant 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The effective removal of hexavalent chromium is a very important issue for many countries. There is rising interest in the use of inexpensive and widely accessible materials for the adsorption of Cr (VI). Simarouba glauca, a easily available medicinal plant was found to be very effective in removing Cr(VI) from aqueous medium. First part of the study deals with the implementation of 25 Full factorial design technique to investigate adsorption of Cr(VI) onto S. glauca. It aided in the assessment of the main effects and interactions between the dose of S. glauca, pH, temperature, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and time. The adsorption significance was predicted through ANOVA, T-Test, Pareto chart, main effect and interaction plot. The second part of the study deals with the investigating potential of S. glauca by continuous adsorption mode in a fixed-bed column. The effects of Cr(VI) inlet concentration (50,100,150 mg/L), flow rate (13 and 21 mL/min) an S. glauca bed height (30, 36, 40 and 45 cm) on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption system were determined. The highest bed capacity of 611.69 mg/g was obtained using 100 mg/L inlet Cr(VI) concentration, 45 cm bed height and 13 mL/min flow rate. Three well-known fixed-bed adsorption models, the Thomas, Yoon-Nelson models and Adam's-Bohart were used to match the adsorption data. With correlation coefficients of 0.99 under various circumstances, the results suit the Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models well. According to this study, we may utilise this method to remediate chromium-contaminated water in industrial settings.
Discontinuation of CSF drainage in acute hydrocephalus: a prospective cohort study and exploratory data analysis
Authors: Pandit Anand , Palasz Joanna , Harris Lauren , Nachev Parashkev , Toma Ahmed K 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The optimal management of CSF drainage in acute hydrocephalus, in particular when to initiate drain weaning, remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of timing and method of drain weaning on patient outcomes.
Methods
This prospective observational study in a large-volume tertiary neuroscience centre including all adult patients who required temporary CSF drainage for acute hydrocephalus of any cause, between January 2020 and March 2021. Contemporaneous data collection was conducted, including patient demographics, time to clamp, weaning methods, and clinical outcomes of hospital length of stay (LOS), rate of shunt insertion, drain-related infections, and mechanical complications. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify the independent associations of timing-related factors.
Results
69 patients were included (mean age = 59.4 years). 59% had CSF diversion for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, and 88% had EVD drainage. The length of drainage prior to the first clamp was significantly associated with overall length of drainage (p<0.0001), LOS (p=0.004) and time to shunt (p=0.02) following multivariate adjustment. For each day delayed in initiating the drain challenge, the overall LOS increased by an additional 1.25 days. There was no association between weaning method and LOS, the rate of shunting, or CNS infection, however those in the gradually weaned group had more mechanical complications such as drain blockage or CSF leakage than those rapidly weaned (p = 0.03) after adjustment.
Discussion
The study recommends challenging the drain early, via a rapid wean, to reduce LOS, mechanical complications, and possibly infections. The consequences of temporary CSF diversion have significant implications at financial and patient levels, but the quality of evidence regarding weaning remains poor. Further randomized multi-center studies and national databases of practice are required to allow definitive conclusions to be drawn.
Educational Inequality among Rural Households of Jammu and Kashmir: Empirical Analysis from Income Perspective
Authors: Kumar Ajay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The paper aims to examine the level of educational inequality among rural households in Jammu and Kashmir, with a focus on income distribution and gender-specific inequality in educational attainment. The study reveals that the estimated Gini coefficient of education was higher for both men and women in the lowest income quintile households compared to those in the highest income quintile households. The study also found an inverse relationship between mean years of schooling and the education Gini index, indicating that increasing MYS could lead to a decrease in educational inequality. By considering income distribution and gender-specific inequality in educational attainment, policymakers can develop more effective policies that promote equal access to education and reduce educational inequality.
JEL Codes: D3, I24, J16, O15
Reducing stress as a path to professional health of the teaching staff
Authors: Chernykh S. S. 
Published: April 2023

The article describes the study of psychological health of teachers of general, professional and higher educational institutions. The analysis revealed that emotional stress and load have a considerable effect on the professional health of teachers. The article also analyzes the concepts of stress and professional burnout. Teachers from different institutions were examined to assess the prevalence of professional burnout. Features of this process were described, and strategies for improving professional health were suggested. The psychological state of teachers was analyzed, and symptoms of burnout which affect professional health were identified. The need to improve the working conditions of pedagogical workers was emphasized in the concluding section.
Treating and reusing polluted runoff from an informal settlement, South Africa
Authors: Winter Kevin , Mgese Sivile , Nicklin Emily , Maraj Kalpana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Biofiltration holds one of the most promising options for removing environmental pollutants from water by reducing inorganic matter, and nutrient concentrations and removing pathogens. This study evaluates the performance of six large field-scale biofiltration cells and assesses the risk of reusing this treated water for irrigating food gardens. The study took place at an abandoned wastewater treatment work (WWTW) in Franschhoek, South Africa. A batch operation was used to measure physical water properties and nutrient concentrations. Large stone cells performed best in reducing ammonia nitrogen (NH3) and orthophosphate () by 98 and 95%, respectively, however, an overall increase in nitrate () and nitrites () was also observed in these and other cells. Phytoremediation made a marginal contribution to reducing contamination. The extent to which biofiltration can be used to clean and reuse contaminated surface water runoff from an informal settlement to safely reuse the water for irrigation purposes is poorly understood. Laboratory analyses revealed that the water quality from four successive harvests broadly met South African guidelines for irrigation and compared favourably with the quality of vegetables from local supermarkets.