bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMODELAN PENULARAN PENYAKIT HEPATITIS MENGGUNAKAN MODEL SEIR
Authors: Bormasa Elisabet , Rahakbauw D L , Patty Dyana 
Published: March 2023

Penyakit hepatitis merupakan suatu proses peradangan pada jaringan hati dan tergolong penyakit menular. Penelitian ini bertujuan memodelkan penyakit hepatitis menggunakan model SEIR. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode studi pustaka dan simulasi. Data yang digunakan adalah data penderita penyakit hepatitis pada RSUD Dr. M. Haulussy Ambon tahun 2019. Pemodelan matematika model SEIR menggambarkan pola penyebaran penyakit dari kelompok individu susceptible atau subpopulasi yang berpotensi terinfeksi penyakit menjadi exposed atau subpopulasi yang memperlihatkan gejala ditulari penyakit melalui kontak langsung dengan individu infected atau subpopulasi yang telah terinfeksi penyakit. Individu infected yang dapat bertahan terhadap penyakit akan sembuh dan memasuki kelompok recovered atau subpopulasi yang telah sembuh. Selanjutnya dari model yang dibangun dan simulasi MATLAB diperoleh dua titik kesetimbangan yaitu titik kesetimbangan endemik dan titik kesetimbangan bebas penyakit . Dari penelitian ini, dapat dikembangkan model matematika untuk masalah lainnya.
Prevalencia asociada a la diabetes gestacional a nivel latinoamerica.
Authors: Del Rosario Plua Victor Manuel , Lino Peñafiel Evelyn Dayanara , Moreira Quijije Julissa Xiomara , Durán Pincay Yelisa Estefanía 
Published: March 2023

La diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) es una variación en el metabolismo de los carbohidratos de gravedad variable que se desarrolla durante el embarazo o se reconoce por primera vez durante el embarazo. Cuyo objetivo es analizar la prevalencia de los casos de diabetes gestacional a nivel de Latinoamérica. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de carácter descriptivo, para ello se realizó una breve revisión en base de datos científicos publicados en plataformas como son: PubMed, SciELO, Sciencie Direct, Google Scholar y Redalyc. Los estudios demuestran que la prevalencia de los casos de diabetes gestacional a nivel de Latinoamérica, se registraron en Argentina en donde la estimación fue 63,9 %, a diferencia de los demás países de Latinoamérica. La prevalencia de diabetes gestacional varía según su población en Latinoamérica. Es muy importante analizar la prevalencia en las diferentes regiones debido a los factores predisponentes de cada población además la variación en el estado gestacional.
The Investigation of Air Pollution for Carbon Monoxide Evaluations in Guatemala City
Authors: Chong Celine 
Published: March 2023

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a common gas released naturally and due to industrialization. When released into the air, this gas is one of the most dangerous factors of air pollution, which harms the environment and human health. In third-world countries such as Guatemala, Honduras, and India, people face severe illnesses, including carbon monoxide poisoning, respiratory diseases, and premature deaths due to air pollution, mainly occurring during the rapid urbanization of major cities. This urbanization and increasing number of motor vehicles affect the high levels of CO, which results in deaths from various respiratory diseases. Despite the harmful effects of CO poisoning, significant actions have yet to be taken. Therefore, the research team has been taken to Guatemala City, Guatemala's most populated city, to measure Carbon Monoxide levels in various locations under various conditions.
An Easy Log USB has been used to measure Carbon Monoxide (CO) levels to assess the areas with a high level of harmful CO. The study has found that an enormous amount of CO is present in highly populated areas, 100 ~ 200% up for a certain time, compared to the indoor air, and reached a result that corroborated the assertions that CO poisoning with 20% higher CO in their hemoglobin might increase the number of intoxicated Guatemalan people. The national government should implement appropriate regulations and methods to follow up on CO emissions and reduce its consequence to prosper economically and socially.
A Preonic Model of Quarks and Particles, Based on a Cold Genesis Theory
Authors: Arghirescu Marius 
Published: March 2023

The theoretic model explains the generating of heavy quarks and of heavy particles using the known quark s(strange) and two semi-light quarks: λ±(435 MeV) and v±(∼574 MeV) resulting from a cold genesis theory1 of astro-particles’ forming, (CGT), the masses of the quarks c• (charm) and b• (bottom) of the Standard Model but also the values used by de Souza: c = 1.7 GeV and b = 5 GeV, being re-obtained as tri-quark clusters in the form: [(qq¯)q]], by a simple de-excitation reaction, with the emission of a preonic boson obtained in CGT: z0 = 34me, respective: z2 = 4z0 and zμ = 6z0- for the quarks b• and b. A similar de-excitation reaction, with emission of a preonic boson zk = n⋅z0, (n = 1÷7), representing less than 2.7% from the particle’s mass, explains the experimentally obtained masses of heavy baryons and mesons and of some multi-quark particles, with discrepancy <1% generally. The heavy current quarks result by lighter current quarks with quasi-crystalline internal structure, with trigonal/hexagonal symmetry of preonic kernels of two preonic bosons: z2 = 4z0; zπ = 7z0, the top-quark resulting as: t = 17(bb¯) + b = (7x5)⋅m(b), with a kernel of regular hexagonal polyhedron form, given by kernels of b-quarks. The model is compatible with the generation model and explains the quarks pairs forming from relativist e−- e+ jets.
Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mexico and Latin America
Authors: Padilla-Raygoza Nicolás , Flores-Vargas Gilberto , de Jesús Gallardo-Luna María , Navarro-Olivos Efraín , Irazú Morales-Reyes Guadalupe , Paola Plascencia-Roldán Jessica 
Published: March 2023

This chapter presents some insights into COVID-19 in children. We begin by summarizing the fundamental aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. We also cover issues about the severity of the disease and fatality and factors associated with the outcome of pediatric patients with COVID-19. Most evidence treated in this chapter comes from reports in Mexico, but a general landscape in Latin America is pictured. COVID-19 does not seem to be so severe among children. It is worth noting that those at higher risk are the children between 0 and 2 years who develop pneumonia. In this chapter, we did not discuss extensively the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome nor the social impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on children. Many studies used for this chapter relied on open data sources resulting from a surveillance system designed for the general population. Therefore, specific variables for children were not analyzed.
The Role of Some Pre and Postharvest Applications on Storage Behavior and Protein Pattern of Date Palm Fruits Phoenix dactylifera L. cvs. Berhi and Breim
Authors: Ahmed Taain Dhia , Abbas Hamzah Hamzah , Mahdi Jasim Abbas 
Published: March 2023

Storage experiment was conducted to study the effect of some pre and postharvest natural control treatments which include ultraviolet light (UV) at the concentration of 1KGY for periods of (0, 5, 10) minutes, 1-MCP at the concentration of (0,0.5,1) ppm for 24 hour at 0°c, ozone (O3) at the concentration of 5 ppm for the periods of (0, 0.5, 1) hour, soaking in chitosan at the concentratons of (0,1,2) % and control treatment in addition to field-treated chitosan at the concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 2% by the aim of improving storage behavior of date palm fruits cvs. Berhi and Breim and determination the protein pattern of fruits after six months of storage at −10± 2°C. Results of the protein pattern showed that protein bundles on polyacrylamide gel differed by their molecular weights, the number of protein bundles, and Breim cultivar fruits treated with chitosan recorded the highest number of bundles of seven bundles and the highest molecular weight of (173.857) kDa for the first bundle.
Probe-Fed Polygonal Patch UWB Antennas
Authors: Joshi Abhishek , Singhal Rahul 
Published: March 2023

The chapter deals with the design of probe-fed planar antennas to operate at wider bands and techniques to improve peak or boresight gain using reflectors. The phenomenon of frequency excitation in dual-band, that is, C-band and X-band using the technique of partial removal of the ground plane, is well demonstrated here. The impedance bandwidth achieved by the sample antenna is 285 MHz and 380 MHz, respectively. The reduced ground plane technique is further exploited along with modifications in the shape of the ground plane to cover the entire ultra-wideband (UWB) range in a probe-fed hexagonal monopole antenna. Due to the existence of higher modes and especially when fed with a probe, UWB antennas are only capable of providing mediocre gain at higher frequencies. An approach to increase the probe-fed hexagonal UWB antenna’s peak gain involves the utilization of an appropriate reflector. The antenna is given an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)-based reflector, which increases the peak gain as well as boresight gain across a band ≤ UWB. Peak and boresight gains of 3.74 dB and 5.5 dB, respectively, are observed with AMC. The equivalent circuit model and simulated impedance results of the sample antennas are validated with the measurement results.
A New Paradigm: How to Study the Exact Location of a Paraclinoid Aneurysm and the Cavernous Sinus in the Preoperative Stage through Imaging
Authors: Tadeu Fernandes Sérgio , Leonardo Dória-Netto Hugo , Bernaldino Neto Edson 
Published: March 2023

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) found in the subarachnoid compartment of the internal carotid artery are at risk of rupturing and producing hemorrhage into this space, producing all the known serious pathological manifestations of subarachnoid hemorrhage. On the other hand, those who are exclusively in the intracavernous segment have this negligible risk. It is in this context that a peculiar class of IAs fits, the paraclinoid aneurysms, which are characterized by their complex anatomical relationships with the optic apparatus, anterior clinoid process, the first supraclinoidal arterial branches of the carotid artery, the oculomotor nerve and the segment mainly said clinoid, which is delimited by the proximal and distal dural rings. It is of crucial importance, and challenging, to determine the location of paraclinoid aneurysms and their exact relationship with the cavernous sinus, given the need to establish an adequate line of treatment for each case. Through preoperative studies of 3 t Magnetic Resonance, comparison with 3D bio models and microsurgical exploration, it was possible to accurately demarcate these anatomical relationships. Therefore, today it is possible to establish the accurate location of the paraclinoid aneurysm in relation to the cavernous sinus by means of MR images and to carry out an adequate, effective, and safe operative planning.
SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF VOLAR LOCKING PLATE VERSUS K-WIRES FIXATION FOR DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES
Authors: Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Shahid  , Muhammad Khalid  , Tanvir Haider  , Asim Aslam  , Muhammad Khalid Syed  , Mudassar Siddique  
Published: March 2023

Background and Objective: The most common hand fractures among adult population are distal radius fractures and optimal management of these fractures remains controversial. Several surgical strategies are available to treat these fractures. Two most commonly used procedures volar locking plates and percutaneous K-wire fixation are used to treat distal radius fractures.The objective of this study was to compare outcome in distal radius fractures in volar locking plate and in K-wire fixation and in terms of functional and clinical outcome.
Methods: We conducted a randomized control trial at department of orthopedic surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore. After approval from the Ethical Review Board, a total number of 80 patients with distal radius fractures fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. In Group A, distal radius fractures were fixed with volar locking plate and in Group B, K-wires were used to fix the distal radius fractures. Patients with polytrauma, head injury and spine injury were excluded from the study. Follow up was done at 2, 4, 6 weeks, 3 months and final at 6 months. Functional and clinical outcomes were measured with DASH Score and PREW Score at 3 months and 6 months.
Results:- Age range was 18-80 years, mean age was 61.3 + 14.5 years. Mechanism of injury was fall on outstretched hands in 45 (56.2%) patients, fall from height in 20 (25.0%) patients, motorbike accidents in 7 (8.8%) patients, injury after fight in 4 (5.0%) patients and 4 (5.0%) patients were having machine injury. No difference in radiological outcomes was recorded in the final follow up. There was no difference in volar tilt loss. It was 0.5o in plate group and 0.7o in K-wires group (p = 0.92). Radial length loss was 1mm in Group A and 1.2mm in Group B (p = 0.55). The loss of angle of radial inclination was 1.2o in Group A and 1.5o in Group B (p = 0.35) at the final follow up. There were 04 cases of superficial infection in Group B (10%) versus 01 in Group A (2.5%, p = 0.001).
Conclusion:- Our study shows that no mode of treatment in distal radius fractures is superior to other. The results of volar locking plate as compared to K-wire fixation were slightly better in the initial period but on long term bases both of these techniques have excellent and comparable results. DASH Score and PREW Score were almost equal in both of these techniques. The functional outcomes were almost equal in both of these techniques The complication rate although slightly more in K-wires group but it was insignificant from functional point of view.
Factors Responsible for Severity of Infection in COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Khalid Waheed  , Munaza Javed  , Muhammad Naeem Akhtar  , Osama Habib  , Muhammad Ijaz Bhatti  , Muhammad Irfan Malik  
Published: March 2023

Background & Objective: After the Spanish Flu world has seen epidemics of SARS and MERS; however, these epidemics have no comparison to the magnitude of devastation caused by COVID-19. This virus originated from Wuhan, China and spread to every nook and corner of the world within weeks. In three months World Health Organization had labeled it as a pandemic. This novel deadly virus shows no discrimination of race or age. Everyone is equally at risk of developing the infection; however, clinical severity is thought to be influenced by age and the presence of comorbids. Furthermore, an increased rate of intensive care admissions, length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality have been reported in patients with COVID-19 infections having comorbids.The objective of this study was to evaluate the Factors responsible for clinical severity of COVID 19 infection in patients presenting to tertiary care hospitals in Lahore.
Methods: This Descriptive observational study was conducted simultaneously at three tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. A total of 200 confirmed patients with COVID-19 infection by RT PCR were included in the study. The case records of all the inpatients in the General Corona ward, Isolation wards, HDUs and ICUs were analyzed. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 20. Age, gender, and comorbid including Diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease were recorded and their relationship with the severity of COVID 19 infection was studied by applying the Spearman's rank correlation and Fisher's exact test.
Results: Out of the total 200 patients 54.5% were male and 45.5% were female, with a mean age of 58.29 ± 15.20 years. Critical and severe disease was seen in 33% and 63% of patients respectively. Most frequent comorbids reported were Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes (DM), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and lung diseases. A statistically significant positive association was observed between the severity of COVID 19 infection and increased age, diabetes. Hypertension was most frequently reported comorbid but association was not statistically significant. However, patients who had HTN along with ischemic heart disease had a statistically significant positive association with the severity of the disease .
Conclusion: Advanced age, diabetes Mellitus and hypertension when present in patients with ischemic heart disease have a statistically significant association with clinical severity of patients suffering from COVID 19 infection.
GIANT TUBULAR ADENOMA OF BREAST IN A YOUNG NULLIPAROUS FEMALE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ghazia Qasmi  , Amina Rizwan  , Shahid Mahmood  , Maryam Hameed  , Rajia Ejaz  
Published: March 2023

Background: Tubular adenoma of breast is an uncommon benign condition in young females, with only few growing to a very large size. Triple assessment tools shows similar presentation as a fibroadenoma, however, only excision biopsy can differentiate tubular adenoma from fibroadenoma.
Methods: A case of giant lump in 18 years young, unmarried, nulliparous female presented in outdoor patient department of a medium size trust hospital of Lahore, Pakistan and was preoperatively diagnosed as a case of fibroadenoma.
Results: Postoperative excision biopsy report showed a rare pathology of giant tubular adenoma of breast.
Conclusions: Giant tubular adenomas are rare clinically in nulliparous young females and should be considered in differential diagnosis of breast lumps among young, nulliparous females and a long-term follow-up of patients is required to observe its potential for recurrence and malignancy.
DIRECT VISION INTERNAL URETHROTOMY (DVIU) AND REGULAR CLEAN SELF INTERMITTENT CATHETERIZATION(CSIC) FOR SHORT BULBAR URETHRAL STRICTURES: A DURABLE SOLUTION
Authors: Hassan Raza Asghar  , Manzoor Ahmed Malik  , Muhammad Adil Chaudhary  , Mahboob Alam Chishti  , Zulfiqar Saleem  , Aleena Ahmed Khan  
Published: March 2023

Background: To evaluate durability of DVIU results and recurrence of stricture if the CSIC was done regularly up to one year and weekly thereafter.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Urology at tertiary care teaching hospital of Avicenna medical college Lahore Pakistan. Files of all patients operated between January 2017 and July 2021 for single bulbar urethral strictures of less than 1-1.5cm size in length, iatrogenic, idiopathic, traumatic or inflammatory origins were evaluated. Patient with multiple or complicated strictures of post urethroplasty, post hypospadias repair, previous radiation or multiple DVIU were excluded from the study. Data analysis of all patients who were on CSIC following direct vision internal urethrotomy were evaluated at 3,6,12 and 24 months.
Results: Mean age of patients was 41.13 years with range between 26-74 years.Most Common cause of urethral strictures were idiopathic 66(58.92%) followed by iatrogenic 27(24.11%) causes. After 24 months of follow up 95 (84.82%) patients maintained urethral caliber up to 16 Fr. Failure or recurrence was found in 17 (15.18%) patients who required intervention.
Conclusion: Direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) with regular clean intermittent self-catheterization (CSIC)was found to have a good success rate in bulbourethral strictures up to 1cm in selected patients.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN LABEL PADA PRODUK KEMASAN UMKM DI DESA BESUK, KECAMATAN BANTARAN, KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Taufikurrahman Taufikurrahman , Baihaqi Yusuf Ahmad Riki , Fatimatuzzahro Ucik , Febriari Rahmawati Ernesta , Fadila Aprilia Farah , Nur Fadillah Ayu , Setiawati Putri , Tri Aidhaningtyas Fera , Rahma Krisna Nabilah , Surya Murti Deva , Laksmana Putra Setyo Febri , Ardiyana I Gede 
Published: March 2023

Marketing strategy holds a very important control in the success of product acceptance in the community, but many Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) ignore this. Labels and packaging are one of the keys for Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) to further increase the selling value of their products. Empowerment activities to improve the quality of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) are carried out through assistance in making labels on packaged products. The object of this activity is Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) actors in Besuk Village, Bantaran District, and Probolinggo Regency. One of the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) products in this village is banana chips, cassava chips, elephant ears, and lard. The problem with these Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) is the low quality of label and packaging designs for their products, as well as the lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure for designing product packaging labels. So that the products of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) partners are less attractive than similar competitor products. The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) products in Besuk Village it self also do not have a broad market share, so they are constrained in increasing the number of products that will be produced. Implementation methods used include: 1) pre-activity; 2) core activities; 3) activity evaluation. Where the problem solving of the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) constraints above is in the form of assisting in making labels on packaged products so that they can meet the existing label requirements and also look more attractive. The results of the activity are in the form of training on the manufacture of product packaging labels as well as the manufacture of ready to use designs for these Small and Medium Enterprise (SME).
ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ВЕХИ В ИСТОРИИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МУЗЕЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Харипова Рашида , Джасыбаев Ермек 
Published: March 2023

Аннотация. Центральный государственный музей Республики Казахстан существует уже более чем 190 лет. История его возникновения уходит своими корнями в 30-е годы XIX столетия и претерпела различные, как положительные, так и отрицательные вехи в своем развитии. Периоды становления и функционирования музея описаны достаточным количеством исследователей на основе довольно репрезентативной источниковой базы. Однако в контексте изложения обширного материала по истории музея есть места для внесения определенных корректировок и дополнений, на что и нацелена предлагаемая читателю публикация. В статье авторы стремятся рассмотреть исторические вехи в истории Центрального государственного музея РК.
Материал и методы исследования: Материалы Центрального государственного архива РК, Центрального государственного музея РК, Государственного архива Оренбургской области, научные публикации.
В процессе работы применялся комплекс классических методологических возможностей, освещения событийной хроники в становлении и развитии Центрального музея Казахстана. В числе их, использовался общеизвестный историко-генетический метод, основанный на принципе историзма в преодизационных вехах одного из старейших музейных учреждений страны. Применение историко-сравнительного метода, вкупе с системным подходом, дало возможность, путем аналогий и отличий, выстроить канву исторического облика музея в условиях того или иного периода отечественной истории, определить степень целостности его последовательного развития на уровне изоморфизма. Опора на метод актуализации, определил возможности прогнозирования исторических явлений, связанных со становлением музейного потенциала Казахстана, через призму рассмотрения зарождения и функционирования фондовых коллекций его Центрального музея. Широкое использование архивных документальных материалов, при восстановлении возможно достоверной столетней хроники Центрального музея, возбудил интерес к не менее широкому использованию контент-анализа, позволяющего оперировать разнообразными историческими данными по конкретной аналитической проблеме.