bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary Methodological Approaches to Desk-Based Socio-legal Human Rights Research
Authors: Peck Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Interdisciplinary Methodological Approaches to Desk-Based Socio-legal Human Rights Research
As legal study adopts more interdisciplinary approaches and assimilates with other disciplines such as sociology, politics and business, there is a growing need to pay greater attention to the research methods and methodologies from across the academic spectrum. Doing so creates opportunities to borrow and employ methodological techniques and insights from disciplines across the spectrum of the social sciences. In this work I examine how socio-legal methodologies may be informed by approaches within the wider social sciences and explore how borrowed elements such as research ethics, reflexivity, and positionality, can be understood and utilised within interdisciplinary, desk-based, socio-legal research. I do so using the example of a project examining the human rights abuses of pharmaceutical companies. The project sits at the intersection of the fields of human rights (the right to health), socio-legal studies and ‘business and human rights’ research. It thus serves as a useful example of how those borrowed elements from the wider social sciences can be conceived of and utilised within interdisciplinary, desk-based, socio-legal research. This work may serve as an example to those looking to incorporate a more interdisciplinary approach towards the study of law using methodological techniques found across the social sciences.
ANALISIS YURIDIS DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA SERTIPIKAT GANDA HAK ATAS TANAH DI PENGADILAN NEGERI
Authors: Pangidoan Daniel , Franciska Wira , Hutomo Putra 
Published: January 2023

(Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui Pengaturan Hukum Tentang kedudukan sertifikat dalam Penguasaan hak atas tanah dan akibat hukum terhadap Penyelesaian Sengketa hak atas tanah akibat sertifikat ganda Jenis penelitian dalam penulisan skripsi ini dilakukan dengan jenis penelitian hukum normatif berupa penelitian kepustakaan yang menggunakan 3 bahan hukum yaitu bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Penelitian hukum ini menitikberatkan pada studi kepustakaan yang berarti akan lebih banyak menelaah dan mengkaji aturan-aturan hukum yang ada dan berlaku.
Hasil penelitian Sertifikat yang mempunyai kedudukan sebagai akta otentik mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian lahir, formil dan materil dan berdasarkan Pasal 165 HIR bahwa akta otentik mempunyai kekuatan yang sempurna. Artinya apa yang tercantum didalamnya harus diterima sebagai suatu yang benar selama tidak ada pihak yang dapat membuktikan sebaliknya. Terkait dengan kekuatan pembuktian sertifikat hak atas tanah terdapat istilah tersendiri dalam ketentuan perundang-undangan pertanahan, antara lain sebagaimana ditentukan dalam Pasal 19 ayat (2) huruf c UUPA yang menyebutkan bahwa kegiatan pendaftaran tanah meliputi; ”Pemberian surat-surat tanda bukti hak, yang berlaku sebagai alat pembuktian yang kuat. Sengketa pertanahan, dalam hal ini sertifikat ganda diselesaikan melalui tiga (3) cara yaitu: 1). enyelesaian Secara Langsung Dengan Musyawarah. 2). Melalui Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa. 3). Penyelesaian Sengketa Melalui Jalur Pengadilan.. Adapun Penyelesaian sengketa akibat sertifikat ganda melalui kewenangan administrasi, dalam hal ini adalah melalui lembaga atau badan pertanahan.Mekanisme penanganan sengketa tersebut lazimnya diselenggarakan dengan pola sebagai berikut: a). Pengaduan.. Dalam pengaduan ini biasanya berisi halhal dan peristiwa-peristiwa yang menggambarkan bahwa pemohon/pengadu adalah yang berhak atas tanah sengketa dengan lampirannya bukti-bukti dan mohon penyelesaian disertai harapan agar terhadap tanah tersebut dapat dicegah mutasinya, sehingga tidak merugikan dirinya. b). Penelitian. Terhadap penanganan tersebut kemudian dilakukan penelitian baik berupa pengumpulan data/administrative maupun hasil penelitian fisik dilapangan (mengenai penguasaannya). Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan sementara apakah pengaduan tersebut beralasan atau tidak untuk diproses lebih lanjut
Does economic stress matter for the rising divorce rate in China? A provincial perspective
Authors: Ul-Haq Jabbar , Mushtaq Shahzad , Visas Hubert , Hye Qazi Muhammad Adnan 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Marriage is an infinite bond between two partners that can be caused to fail by several factors. Economic stress leads to psychological stress and in some cases, marriage dissolution. The current study investigates the impact of economic stress (measured by the unemployment rate and inflation rate) on divorce rates using Chinese province-level panel data from 2010 to 2019.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The panel fixed effects (FE) model, panel random effects (RE) model, and fixed effects- Driscoll and Kraay standard errors (DKSE) model were used for empirical analysis.
Findings: The research findings support the hypothesized economic stress theory of divorce by Reuben Hill. According to the empirical findings, economic stress indicators such as unemployment and inflation have a positive and significant impact on the divorce rate in China and its regions. Furthermore, urbanization, education and mobile phone variables have a positive relationship with divorce rates except for children’s dependency.
Contribution to literature: Taking into account both parties' perspectives, this study contributes to the existing literature by looking at economic stress in the context of divorce. We are particularly interested in how economic stress affected the marriage relationship's quality. We investigated the relationship between the unemployment rate, inflation rate and divorce rate in China's 31 provinces for the period 2010-2019. The entire sample is then separated into three sub-samples: Eastern China, Central China and Western China.
Detection of Americans’ Behavior toward Islam on Facebook
Authors: Abuein Qusai , Shatnawi Mohammed Q. , Ghazalat Lujain 
Published: January 2023

Social network websites have become a rich place for detecting and analyzing people’s attitudes, perceptions, and feelings towards news, products, and other real-world issues. Facebook is a popular platform among different age groups and countries and is generally used to convey ideas about certain topics based on likes, comments and sharing. In recent years, one of the most controversial topics were the idea behind Islamophobia and other ideas built in people’s minds about Islam around the world. This research studied the public opinion of American citizens about Islam during the presidency of Donald Trump, as that period was rich in diversity of opinion between his supporters and detractors. In this paper, sentiment analysis was used to analyze American citizens’ behavior towards posts about Islam during Trump’s presidency in various states across the United States. Sentiment analysis was performed on Facebook posts and comments extracted from American news channels from the year 2017. Several machine learning methods were used to detect the polarity in the dataset. The highest classification accuracy among the classifiers used in this research was achieved using a logistic regression classifier, reaching 84%.
Phosphate mining in the mining basin of Extremadura, 1865-1956
Authors: Martínez Milán Jesús M. 
Published: January 2023

Although the presence of phosphate in Cáceres (Spain) was known from the eighteenth century, it was not until the mid-nineteenth century, with the discovery of single superphosphate, that Extremadura became one of the principal exporting centres of phosphate in Europe. However, at the end of the century, new phosphate deposits began to be exploited in the United States and Africa, which relegated the phosphate from Cáceres to a secondary position. In this study, we analyse phosphate mining in Spain, examining the characteristics of its deposits and the evolution of the mining operations. Furthermore, we highlight the paradox that, despite having phosphate deposits, in the twentieth century Spain was a net importer of phosphate rock.
Aunque la presencia de fosfato en Cáceres (España) se conocía desde el siglo XVIII, no fue hasta mediados del siglo XIX, con el descubrimiento del superfosfato simple, cuando Extremadura se convirtió en uno de los principales centros exportadores de fosfato de Europa, hasta que a finales de la centuria se pusieron en marcha nuevos yacimientos de fosfato en Estados Unidos y África que relegaron al fosfato cacereño a un segundo plano. En este trabajo abordamos el estudio de la minería del fosfato en España, analizando las características de sus yacimientos y la evolución de las explotaciones mineras. En él destacamos la paradoja de que, a pesar de contar con yacimientos de fosfatos, España fue un país en el siglo XX netamente importador de mineral de roca fosfática.
Aristoi o el gobierno de los mejores. Un nuevo acercamiento a las élites nazaríes
Authors: SUÁREZ GARCÍA Sandra 
Published: January 2023

In this interpretive essay we consider aspects of the existence of social elites in the Nasrid emirate and we raise some of the great problems that still exist regarding them in the historiographic production that concerns the Kingdom of Granada, especially based on Castilian sources. The questions asked range from terminological aspects: What should we call these elites? To conceptual and interpretive questions: Why are they elites and how do they act as such? Is there mutual recognition within the Nasrid elites? How are these higher social groups perceived after the conquest? All this with the aim of building a point of debate for an updated understanding of the social hierarchies of the Nasrid emirate.
En este ensayo interpretativo reflexionamos sobre la existencia de élites sociales en el emirato nazarí y planteamos algunas de las grandes problemáticas que aún existen en la producción historiográfica del reino granadino sobre éstas, especialmente desde las fuentes castellanas. Las preguntas formuladas abarcan desde aspectos terminológicos: ¿cómo debemos llamar a estas élites?, hasta cuestiones conceptuales e interpretativas: ¿por qué son élites y cómo actúan como tales? ¿existe un reconocimiento en el seno de las élites nazaríes? ¿cómo se perciben estos grupos sociales superiores tras la conquista? Todo ello bajo el objetivo de construir un punto de debate para una comprensión actualizada de las jerarquías sociales del emirato nazarí.
Non‐Destructive Low‐Temperature Contacts to MoS2 Nanoribbon and Nanotube Quantum Dots
Authors: Schock Robin T. K. , Neuwald Jonathan , Möckel Wolfgang , Kronseder Matthias , Pirker Luka , Remškar Maja , Hüttel Andreas K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide nanoribbons and nanotubes are quasi‐1D semiconductors with strong spin–orbit interaction, a nanomaterial highly promising for quantum electronic applications. Here, it is demonstrated that a bismuth semimetal layer between the contact metal and this nanomaterial strongly improves the properties of the contacts. Two‐point resistances on the order of 100 kΩ are observed at room temperature. At cryogenic temperature, Coulomb blockade is visible. The resulting stability diagrams indicate a marked absence of trap states at the contacts and the corresponding disorder, compared to previous devices that use low‐work‐function metals as contacts. Single‐level quantum transport is observed at temperatures below 100 mK.
Revealing Atomic‐Level Surface Passivation of PbI2‐Reconditioned Red Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Yang Liuli , Huang Jianhua , Xu Zheyuan , Li Yang , Hou Shijin , Tan Yike , Du Juan , Wang Xiao , Li Ziwei , Pan Anlian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCsPbI3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for high‐efficiency and low‐cost red fluorophores in advanced display and light‐sensing applications. However, structural and spectral stabilities of CsPbI3 QDs by traditional preparation are seriously broken in water or light environment. Here, a compositional engineering strategy with an additional PbI2‐recondition process to synthesize highly‐stable CsPbBr1.2I1.8 @ SiO2 QDs is demonstrated. Time‐ and temperature‐dependent photoluminescence and Raman measurements prove that spectral stability and exciton binding energy of QDs are greatly improved within this strategy. Notably, high‐resolution structure characterizations, point‐to‐point diffraction patterns and line‐scanning of element distributions provide strong and direct evidence at atomic‐level to reveal that PbI2‐recondition can repair defects well, which helps to construct perfect lattices and homogeneous SiO2 passivation layers to prevent the surface bonding of molecules. Moreover, our red perovskite QDs are further designed to prepare various anti‐counterfeiting labels as multi‐scale complex patterns to store and protect information. The proposed recondition strategy explores a new avenue to prepare stable and high‐quality red perovskite QDs for new‐generation lighting and light‐sensing devices.
Synthesis of Acyl Fluorides from Carboxylic Acids with KI/AgSCF3 for Efficient Amide and Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Nagano Shuji , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA facile synthesis of acyl fluorides from carboxylic acids in a practical and byproduct‐free manner was effected with commercially available KI/AgSCF3 reagents under conditions of high functional group tolerance, and the acyl fluoride intermediates were easily transformed to the corresponding esters, amides, and several carbon‐carbon bond‐forming products. This approach can be successfully applied to straightforward peptide synthesis from amino acids including sterically hindered amino acids.magnified image
Thermodynamic efficiency of membrane‐assisted distillation processes
Authors: Kruber Bettina , Droste Karen , Skiborowski Mirko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMembrane processes are considered as comparably mild separation processes offering the potential for significant energy savings compared with azeotropic distillation processes. Despite higher investment and material costs, they are of particular interest for improving the energy efficiency in the chemical industry. However, energy savings of more than 20%–30% are rarely reported and even a general superiority can be disputed. To further elucidate this controversial, the current study pursues a quantitative assessment of the thermodynamic efficiency of pervaporation and vapor permeation processes with stand‐alone distillation and hybrid membrane‐assisted distillation processes for the separation of azeotropic mixtures. The results confirm the case‐dependent potential of distillation processes to outperform membrane‐assisted separations in terms of energy efficiency, considering proper heat integration. Although energy efficiency is becoming significantly important, it should be considered in the context of economic performance to determine an optimal trade‐off and to select the best process alternative during conceptual process design.
ConvPred: A deep learning‐based framework for predictions of potential organic reactions
Authors: Wang Wenlong , Liu Qilei , Dong Yachao , Du Jian , Meng Qingwei , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe traditional theory‐based technologies on reaction prediction are not efficient due to their heavy dependence on human expertise and experience. To this end, this article proposes a framework for predictions of potential organic reactions based on reaction templates and two‐dimensional convolutional neural network (2D CNN) model. The quantum mechanics‐based σ‐profiles and the sub‐molecular structure‐based ECFP4 are used individually to encode chemical reactions. Using 605,753 patented reactions extracted from the USPTO 1976‐2016 database and their generated counterparts, the 2D CNN models are trained to evaluate the likelihood of molecular transformations by learning the feature differences between reactants and products. The classification accuracies of the σ‐profiles‐based model and the ECFP4‐based model for the non‐trained reactions are 97.881 and 99.593%. Challenging reactions from literature involving identification of chemo‐, stereo‐, and regio‐selectivity are correctly predicted. Furthermore, a σ‐profiles‐based visual reaction fingerprint is introduced to provide novel insights into the model interpretability.
Synergetic thermodynamic/kinetic separation of C3H8/CH3F on carbon adsorbents for ultrapure fluoromethane electronic gas
Authors: Huang Jiawu , Peng Junjie , Wei Xuan , Du Shengjun , Yang Cuiting , Xiao Jing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAtomic layer etching (ALE) using the environmentally friendly electronic gas fluoromethane (CH3F) is guided for fabricating nanoscale electronic components. The adsorptive purification of CH3F provide a viable direction to remove trace amounts of impurities to produce highly pure CH3F (>99.9999%) for the ALE process. Herein, to remove trace propane (~100 ppm) in CH3F, we report synergetic thermodynamic and kinetic separation of C3H8/CH3F over glucose‐derived carbon molecular sieve CMS‐T, (T as pyrolysis temperature). With pore size slightly larger than the kinetic diameter of C3H8, CMS‐600 allows both strong confined adsorption of C3H8 and a higher diffusion rate of C3H8 over CH3F, resulting in a remarkable separation factor of 51.1. Breakthrough experiment demonstrates a high dynamic production capacity of 457 L kg−1 of 7 N CH3F (<100 ppb of C3H8) over CMS‐600 with excellent cycling stability. Adsorption purification over carbon provides a feasible approach for industrial hyperpurification of electronic gas.
Fludarabine versus cyclophospamide in combination with myeloablative total body irradiation as conditioning for patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. A study from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Giebel Sebastian , Labopin Myriam , Schroeder Thomas , Swoboda Ryszard , Maertens Johan , Bourhis Jean Henri , Grillo Giovanni , Salmenniemi Urpu , Hilgendorf Inken , Kröger Nicolaus , Poiré Xavier , Cornelissen Jan J. , Arat Mutlu , Savani Bipin , Spyridonidis Alexandros , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTotal body irradiation (TBI) at a dose of 12 Gy combined with cyclophosphamide (CyTBI12Gy) is one of the standard myeloablative regimens for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT). In clinical practice, cyclophosphamide may be substituted with fludarabine (FluTBI12Gy) to reduce toxicity. We retrospectively compared outcomes of CyTBI12Gy with FluTBI12Gy for patients with AML treated in complete remission (CR) with allo‐HCT from either a matched sibling or unrelated donor. Of 1684 adults who met inclusion criteria, 109 patients in each group were included in a matched‐pair analysis. The cumulative incidence of relapse at 2 years was 25% in the FluTBI12Gy compared to 28% in the CyTBI12Gy group (p = .44) while non‐relapse mortality (NRM) was 17% versus 19%, (p = .89) respectively. The rates of leukemia‐free survival and overall survival were 65% versus 54% (p = .28) and 70% versus 60.5% (p = .17). Cumulative incidence of grade 2–4 acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was significantly lower for FluTBI12Gy than CyTBI12Gy (16% vs. 34%, p = .005), while the incidences of grade 3–4 acute GVHD and chronic GVHD did not differ significantly. The probability of GVHD and relapse‐free survival was 49% in the FluTBI12Gy and 41% in the CyTBI12Gy group (p = .17). We conclude that for patients with AML treated with allo‐HCT in CR, cyclophosphamide may be substituted with fludarabine in a regimen based on TBI at a dose of 12 Gy without negative impact on the efficacy. FluTBI12Gy is associated with reduced risk of grade 2–4 acute GVHD and encouraging survival rates.
A phase II study of combination daunorubicin, cytarabine (Ara‐c), and nilotinib (TAsigna) (DATA) in patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia with KIT expression
Authors: Al‐Kali Aref , Tibes Raoul , Atherton Pamela , Palmer Jeanne , Alkhateeb Hassan B. , Patnaik Mrinal , Begna Kebede , Gangat Naseema , Hashmi Shahrukh , He Rong , Litzow Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a challenging cancer in terms of achieving and maintaining long‐duration remissions. Many novel therapies have been added to the standard regimen (combining cytarabine and anthracycline “7 + 3”) to achieve such goals. Nilotinib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that is active against KIT tyrosine kinase, an important stem cell target. In this trial, we combined nilotinib with 7 + 3 induction (daunorubicin 60 mg/m2), high‐dose cytarabine consolidation, and subsequently, if the patient was a candidate, for 2 years' maintenance therapy in patients with AML and KIT (CD117) expression. Patients were allowed to proceed to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) if deemed necessary. Our primary goal was increased complete remission rate with this combination. Thirty‐four patients (with a median age 58.5 years) were enrolled on a single‐arm phase II bi‐institutional study; 21 (62%) patients achieved remission. The complete remission rate was 78% in evaluable patients. Thirteen of 34 (38%) patients had allogeneic HCT, all thirteen of which are still alive (100%). Common (>20%) grade 3 non‐hematological toxicities included febrile neutropenia, hypophosphatemia, elevated liver enzymes, and hypertension. Only one patient (3%) died in induction due to liver failure, which was thought secondary to daunorubicin. Our current study reveals good outcomes in patients who received HCT and may warrant a larger study to confirm our findings in that specific population.
Unterscheidung zwischen sauren und basischen Oberflächenhydroxylgruppen auf Metalloxiden durch Fluoridsubstitution: Eine Fallstudie am Beispiel von defektreichem, blauem TiO2 aus der laserbasierten Defekterzeugung
Authors: Lau Kinran , Niemann Felix , Abdiaziz Kaltum , Heidelmann Markus , Yang Yuke , Tong Yujin , Fechtelkord Michael , Schmidt Torsten C. , Schnegg Alexander , Campen R. Kramer , Peng Baoxiang , Muhler Martin , Reichenberger Sven , Barcikowski Stephan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSowohl oberflächennahe Sauerstofffehlstellen als auch Hydroxylgruppen an der Oberfläche spielen eine entscheidende Rolle in der Katalyse. Dennoch bleiben die genauen Zusammenhänge durch die limitierte analytische Zugänglichkeit dieser Struktureigenschaften oft wenig verstanden. Zur selektiven Quantifizierung der sauren und basischen Oberflächenhydroxide wurde in dieser Studie deshalb eine Fluoridsubstitution am Beispiel zweier Serien von TiO2 (Rutil und P25) untersucht, welche eine zunehmende Dichte an Ti3+‐Sauerstofffehlstellen aufwiesen. Die Materialien sind durch gepulster Laserdefekt‐Engineering in Flüssigkeit (PUDEL) hergestellt worden. Aus EPR‐ und EEL‐Spektroskopie geht hervor, dass sich die lasergenerierten Ti3+ beim Rutil potentiell in der Nähe der Partikeloberfläche befinden, während diese beim P25 tiefer in den Partikeln vorzuliegen scheinen. Anhand der pH‐abhängigen Fluoridsubstitution zeigt sich, dass sich auf dem laserbehandelten Rutil zunehmend saure (verbrückende) Hydroxylgruppen gebildet haben, welche potentiell auf die Hydrierung der lasergenerierten, oberflächennahen Ti3+‐Zentren zurückgeht. Beim P25 blieb die Dichte an Hydroxylgruppen trotz nachweislicher Bildung von Ti3+‐Zentren bei der Laserbehandlung unverändert. Wir gehen davon aus, dass die hier eingesetzte pH‐abhängige Substitutionsmethode von Hydroxiden durch Fluoride zukünftig eine einfache und robuste Charakterisierung von Oberflächen‐OH und deren Korrelation mit Defekten in Metalloxiden zulassen wird.