bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student preference for and performance in fixed‐ versus mixed‐duration schedules
Authors: Mellott Joshua A. , Ardoin Scott P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuration schedules of reinforcement for continuous behavior abide by several preexisting operant behavioral economic equations for reinforcer cost, otherwise known as price, and consumption. Duration schedules require behaviors to occur for a set duration of time prior to accessing reinforcement, unlike interval schedules that produce reinforcement after the first instance of a behavior after a given period. Despite extensive examples of naturally occurring duration schedules, translational research regarding duration schedules is quite limited. Further, a lack of research investigating the implementation of such reinforcement schedules, combined with concepts such as preference, represents a gap in the applied behavior analysis literature. The current study measured three elementary students' preferences for fixed‐ and mixed‐duration schedules of reinforcement during academic work completion. Results suggest students prefer mixed‐duration schedules of reinforcement that provide the opportunity to access reinforcement at a reduced price and that such arrangements could be employed to increase work completion and academic‐engaged time.
Oral exposure to citrinin significantly exacerbates the pathophysiology of a mouse model of imiquimod‐induced psoriasis via direct activation of dendritic cell
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroki , Ando Mana , Iwashita Naoki , Takagi Yoshiichi , Kushiro Masayo , Fukuyama Tomoki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCitrinin, a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium verrucosum, mainly contaminates cereals. The aim of study was to investigate the novel immunoreactive effect of citrinin using a mouse model of psoriasis. A mouse model of psoriasis was generated by topical application of 5% imiquimod in female BALB/c mice. Standard rodent diet and rice samples with 3 ppm of citrinin were mixed to obtain a final citrinin concentration of 0.3 ppm, and a citrinin‐contaminated diet was fed to mice daily. Skin thickness, scratching behavior, and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) were monitored continuously during the imiquimod application. Immediately after the final imiquimod application, ear skin and auricular lymph node (LN) were sampled for further analysis. Only a slight increase was observed in skin thickness in the citrinin exposure group; however, citrinin exposure significantly exacerbated hyperkeratinization and inflammatory cell infiltration in histological evaluation. TEWL, which is representative of cutaneous barrier function, was significantly increased by citrinin exposure. In terms of immune function, the number of immune cells in LN (T cells and dendritic cells) and gene expression of interleukin (IL)‐17 in skin tissue were significantly increased by citrinin exposure. Direct interaction of dendritic cells (DCs) in citrinin‐induced psoriasis development was further examined by proinflammatory cytokine determination in THP‐1 cells and murine bone marrow derived DCs. IL‐6 and/or tumor necrosis factor α were significantly increased by citrinin exposure. Taken together, our results imply that oral exposure to citrinin exacerbates the symptoms of a mouse model of psoriasis via direct activation of DCs.
Comparison of different methods for isolating CD8+ T lymphocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles and supramolecular attack particles
Authors: Jainarayanan Ashwin K. , Capera Jesusa , Céspedes Pablo F. , Conceição Mariana , Elanchezhian Mirudula , Thomas Tom , Bonner Scott , Valvo Salvatore , Kurz Elke , Mahla Ranjeet Singh , Berridge Georgina , Hester Svenja , Fischer Roman , Dustin Lynn B. , Wood Matthew J. A. , Dustin Michael L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCD8+ T lymphocytes play vital roles in killing infected or deranged host cells, recruiting innate immune cells, and regulating other aspects of immune responses. Like any other cell, CD8+ T cells also produce extracellular particles. These include extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non‐vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs). T cell‐derived EVs are proposed to mediate cell‐to‐cell signalling, especially in the context of inflammatory responses, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. CD8+ T cells also produce supramolecular attack particles (SMAPs), which are in the same size range as EVs and mediate a component of T cell mediated killing. The isolation technique selected will have a profound effect on yield, purity, biochemical properties and function of T cell‐derived particles; making it important to directly compare different approaches. In this study, we compared commonly used techniques (membrane spin filtration, ultracentrifugation, or size exclusion liquid chromatography) to isolate particles from activated human CD8+ T cells and validated our results by single‐particle methods, including nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, electron microscopy and super‐resolution microscopy of the purified sample as well as bulk proteomics and lipidomics analyses to evaluate the quality and nature of enriched T cell‐derived particles. Our results show that there is a trade‐off between the yield and the quality of T cell‐derived particles. Furthermore, the protein and lipid composition of the particles is dramatically impacted by the isolation technique applied. We conclude that from the techniques evaluated, size exclusion liquid chromatography offers the highest quality of T cell derived EVs and SMAPs with acceptable yields for compositional and functional studies.
Disrupting methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 expression induces the transformation of induced pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocytes into pacemaker‐like cells by insulin gene enhancer binding protein 1
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gu Jianjun , Shi Yanxi , Li Bichun , Gu Xiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe experiment will explore whether interfering with the expression of methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MecP2) can enhance the ability of insulin gene enhancer binding protein 1 (ISL1) to induce iPSC‐CMs to differentiate into pacemaker‐like cells.MethodsDifferentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into cardiomyocytes (CMs) can be induced via the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and patch‐clamp technique were used to analyze the ability of ISL1 to induce the transformation of iPSC‐CMs into pacemaker‐like cells. Calcium spark, patch‐clamp technique, and real‐time qPCR were used to verify whether disrupting the expression of MeCP2 enhanced this ability of ISL1 to induce the differentiation of iPSC‐CMs into pacemaker cells. Transplant pacemaker‐like cardiomyocytes into the myocardium of mice to observe whether the pacemaker cells can survive in the tissue for a long time.ResultsRT‐qPCR and patch‐clamp analyses showed that overexpression of ISL1 induced the successful differentiation of iPSC‐CMs into pacemaker cells. ISL1‐overexpressing pacemaker‐like cells possessed typical characteristics of pacemaker morphology, including action potential and If inward current. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed that MeCP2 bound to the promoter region of HCN4. Following disruption of MeCP2 expression, the gene expression of sinoatrial node‐specific transcription factors, If inward current, and cardiac rhythm changes in iPSC‐CMs resembled those of sinoatrial node pacemaker cells. Therefore, ISL1 induced the differentiation of iPSC‐CMs into pacemaker‐like cells, and knockdown of MeCP2 increased this effect. Frozen section results showed that surviving pacemaker‐like cells could still be observed in myocardial tissue after 45 days.ConclusionsExperiments have found that interfering with the expression of MeCP2 can increase the ability of ISL1 to induce iPSC‐CM cells to differentiate into pacemaker‐like cells. And the pacemaker‐like cells obtained in this experiment can survive in myocardial tissue for a long time.
Impacts of migration on time allocation of those who remain at home in rural Nepal
Authors: Yokying Phanwin , Saksena Sumeet , Fox Jefferson 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of migration on time allocation in work activities of left‐behind family members in Nepal with attention to gender and age. Based on Nepal's Labor Force Survey, we find that, in response to an outmigration of a family member, working‐age women allocate more time towards agriculture and domestic and care work, while the amount of time working‐age men and women spend on collecting water and firewood also rises. Migration also increases girls' and women's time in non‐agricultural responsibilities. Thus, migration generates a loss in household labour supply and reshapes household division of labour in labour‐intensive activities and traditional gender roles.
A novel mAb broadly neutralizes SARS‐CoV‐2 VOCs in vitro and in vivo, including the Omicron variants
Authors: Kan Qiuqi , Lin Xian , Li Tuofan , Ke Xianliang , Jian Xiaoqin , Hou Lidan , Zhang Wenyuan , Wan Zhimin , Xie Quan , Shao Hongxia , Ye Lilin , Ye Jianqiang , Qin Aijian , Zou Zhong , Chen Quanjiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNovel immune escape variants have emerged as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) continues to spread worldwide. Many of the variants cause breakthrough infections in vaccinated populations, posing great challenges to current antiviral strategies targeting the immunodominance of the receptor‐binding domain within the spike protein. Here, we found that a novel broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb), G5, provided efficient protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOCs) in vitro and in vivo. A single dose of mAb G5 could significantly inhibit the viral burden in mice challenged with the mouse‐adapted SARS‐CoV‐2 or SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.1 variant, as well as the body weight loss and cytokine release induced by mouse‐adapted SARS‐CoV‐2. The refined epitope recognized by mAb G5 was identified as 1148FKEELDKYF1156 in the stem helix of subunit S2. In addition, a human−mouse chimeric mAb was generated based on the variable region of heavy chain and VL genes of mAb G5. Our study provides a broad antibody drug candidate against SARS‐CoV‐2 VOCs and reveals a novel target for developing pan‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines.
Understanding China's construction of an academic integrity system: A grounded theory study on national level policies
Authors: He Chen , Xu Jie , Zhou Lihong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAcademic integrity has long been an issue of concern to the academic community, and in recent years has attracted attention worldwide. As the country with the world's largest research output, especially as shown during the recent pandemic, China is actively working to combat academic misconduct. To explore China's initiatives and actions in this regard, 75 Chinese official policies from the national level were collected, analysed and reviewed. Based on the policy text, this study examines the construction of the academic integrity system in China. Through grounded theory and text analysis methods, six parts of the policy system were identified: current status, goals and objectives, polycentric governance, cultural‐cognitive measures, normative measures and regulative measures. The results show the specific measures taken by China with regards to each part and indicate that an academic integrity system has been formed in China.
One‐Step Synthesis of Fluorescent Poly(divinylbenzene) Particles without Fluorescent Monomers
Authors: Bicak Tugrul Cem , Garnier Maylis , Sabbah Michèle , Griffete Nébéwia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA simple and cost‐efficient method for fluorescent microsphere synthesis, which does not require any fluorescent monomers or modification steps to incorporate fluorescent moieties into the polymer particles, is reported. Using rhodamine B and benzophenone as bimolecular initiation system in type II photoinitiated precipitation polymerization, the method enables the preparation of fluorescent microspheres in one step, at room temperature and without the need for a stabilizer or surfactant of any type.
Investigating the Mobility−Compressibility Properties of Conjugated Polymers by the Contact Film Transfer Method with Prestrain
Authors: Sung Chih‐Yuan , Lin Chia‐Yu , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUp to now, researches on the mobility–stretchability of semiconducting polymers are extensively investigated, but little attention was paid to their morphology and field‐effect transistor characteristics under compressive strains, which is equally crucial in wearable electronic applications. In this work, a contact film transfer method is applied to evaluate the mobility–compressibility properties of conjugated polymers. A series of isoindigo–bithiophene conjugated polymers with symmetric carbosilane side chains (P(SiSi)), siloxane‐terminated alkyl side chains (P(SiOSiO)), and combined asymmetric side chains (P(SiOSi)) are investigated. Accordingly, a compressed elastomer slab is used to transfer and compress the polymer films by releasing prestrain, and the morphology and mobility evolutions of these polymers are tracked. It is found that P(SiOSi) outperforms the other symmetric polymers including P(Si─Si) and P(SiO─SiO), having the ability to dissipate strain with its shortened lamellar spacing and orthogonal chain alignment. Notably, the mechanical durability of P(SiOSi) is also enhanced after consecutive compress–release cycles. In addition, the contact film transfer technique is demonstrated to be applicable to investigate the compressibility of different semiconducting polymers. These results demonstrate a comprehensive approach to understand the mobility–compressibility properties of semiconducting polymers under tensile and compressive strains.
Bicriterion Pareto‐scheduling of equal‐length jobs on a single machine related to the total weighted late work
Authors: Chen Rubing , Yuan Jinjiang , Zhao Qiulan , Ng Chi To , Edwin Cheng Tai Chiu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study bicriterion Pareto‐scheduling on a single machine of equal‐length jobs, where one of the criteria is the total weighted late work. Motivated by two Pareto‐scheduling open problems where one criterion is the total (weighted) late work and the other criterion is the weighted number of tardy jobs, we show that 12 constrained scheduling problems unaddressed in the literature are binary ‐hard, implying that the Pareto‐scheduling versions of these problems are also binary ‐hard. Moreover, we introduce the concept of dummy due dates (DDD) for equal‐length jobs to be scheduled in equal‐length intervals. Intriguingly, we find that a DDD‐based technique outperforms the existing solution methods and improves the known time complexities of the related problems. In addition, we extend our research to the two‐agent scheduling model under the assumption of equal‐length or partially equal‐length jobs by including the total weighted late work as the criterion of one agent. For these problems, our results also improve the known time complexity results.
Serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐2 was not altered by rTMS in patients with treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Tateishi Hiroshi , Matsushima Jun , Kunitake Hiroko , Imamura Yoshiomi , Kunitake Yutaka , Murakawa Toru , Mawatari Seiji , Kojima Ryohei , Fujii Yuka , Kikuchi Jun , Fukuchi Junko , Sakemura Yuta , Shiraishi Takumi , Nagahama Chika , Maekawa Toshihiko , Asami Toyoko , Mizoguchi Yoshito , Monji Akira 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of the most effective and minimally invasive treatments for treatment‐resistant depression (TRD). However, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of rTMS in patients with TRD remains unclear. In recent years, the pathogenesis of depression has been closely associated with chronic inflammation and microglia are believed to play an important role in chronic inflammation. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐2 (TREM2) plays an important role in microglial neuroinflammatory regulation. In this study, we investigated the changes in peripheral soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) before and after rTMS treatment in patients with TRD.MethodsTwenty‐six patients with TRD were enrolled in this frequency (10 Hz) rTMS study. Depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and serum sTREM2 concentrations were measured at baseline and the end of the 6‐week rTMS treatment.ResultsThis study showed that rTMS ameliorated depressive symptoms and partially improved cognitive dysfunction in TRD. However, rTMS treatment did not alter serum sTREM2 levels.ConclusionsThis is the first sTREM2 study in patients with TRD who underwent rTMS treatment. These results suggest that serum sTREM2 may not be relevant for the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of rTMS in patients with TRD. Future studies should confirm the present findings using a larger patient sample and a sham rTMS procedure, as well as CSF sTREM2. Furthermore, a longitudinal study should be conducted to clarify the effects of rTMS on sTREM2 levels.
Salvage stereotactic reirradiation for intraprostatic cancer recurrence: A large retrospective study
Authors: Allali Sofiane , Loap Pierre , Bibault Jean‐Emmanuel , Krepps Sarah , Deforge Aurelien , Moreau Damien , Durdux Catherine , Giraud Philippe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Thirty to forty‐seven percent of patients treated with exclusive radiotherapy for prostate cancer will experience intraprostate recurrence. The use of radiotherapy in stereotactic conditions allows millimetric accuracy in irradiation to the target zone that minimizes the dose to organs at risk. In this study, we evaluated the clinical outcome of prostatic reirradiation with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with intraprostatic recurrence initially treated by radiotherapy.MethodThis single‐center retrospective study included 41 patients diagnosed with exclusive local recurrence of prostate cancer after radiotherapy and treatedby stereotactic Cyberknife irradiation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and the safety of stereotactic reirradiation for patients with intraprostatic recurrence initially treated with radiotherapy.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 35 months. The 2‐year biochemical relapse‐free survival was 72.89%, the 2‐year local recurrence free survival was 93.59%, the 2‐year local regional recurrence‐free survival was 85.24%, and the 2‐year metastasis‐free survival was to 91.49%. The analysis of toxicities showed a good tolerance of stereotactic irradiation. Urinary and gastro‐intestinal adverse events was mostly of grades 1–2 (CTCAEv4). Grade 3 toxicity occurred in one to two patients.ConclusionStereotactic reirradiation appears effective and well‐tolerated for local recurrence of prostate cancer and might allow to delay the introduction of hormonal therapy and its side effects.
Prediction of protein–protein interactions using sequences of intrinsically disordered regions
Authors: Kibar Gözde , Vingron Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProtein–protein interactions (PPIs) play a crucial role in numerous molecular processes. Despite many efforts, mechanisms governing molecular recognition between interacting proteins remain poorly understood and it is particularly challenging to predict from sequence whether two proteins can interact. Here we present a new method to tackle this challenge using intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). IDRs are protein segments that are functional despite lacking a single invariant three‐dimensional structure. The prevalence of IDRs in eukaryotic proteins suggests that IDRs are critical for interactions. To test this hypothesis, we predicted PPIs using IDR sequences in candidate proteins in humans. Moreover, we divide the PPI prediction problem into two specific subproblems and adapt appropriate training and test strategies based on problem type. Our findings underline the importance of defining clearly the problem type and show that sequences encoding IDRs can aid in predicting specific features of the protein interaction network of intrinsically disordered proteins. Our findings further suggest that accounting for IDRs in future analyses should accelerate efforts to elucidate the eukaryotic PPI network.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Qin Yujia , Xu Yanling , Feng Xiaodong , Zhao Shouqi , Lu Yongyue , Li Zhihong 
Published: March 2023

The cover image is based on the Research Article Surveillance and invasive risk of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren in China by Xiaoliang Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7297.image
Isotopic comparison of ammonium and nitrate sources applied in‐season to corn
Authors: Griesheim Kelsey L. , Mulvaney Richard L. , Smith Tim J. , Nunes Vander L. N. , Hertzberger Allan J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers used for corn (Zea mays L.) production supply ammonium (NH4+), but N availability can be reduced by volatilization or microbial immobilization. The former process is eliminated and the latter reduced by fertilizing with nitrate (NO3−), which is best done in‐season to promote crop uptake while minimizing N loss by leaching or denitrification. To compare 15N uptake for in‐season surface applications of labeled potassium nitrate (KNO3), urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN), and urea, field studies were conducted in two growing seasons on Mollisols and Alfisols located in production fields under second‐ or third‐year corn or a corn–soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation. In contrast to dry matter production and total N uptake, the three 15N sources often differed significantly in N derived from the labeled fertilizer (NDF15F) and fertilizer 15N uptake efficiency (F15NUE), both of which decreased in the order: KNO3 > UAN > urea. As evidenced by a laboratory incubation study using the same three 15N sources, this trend was attributed to differences in NH3 volatilization and microbial immobilization that was greater for ammoniacal than NO3− fertilizers. When surface applying a sidedressing to corn in the Midwestern United States, N uptake efficiency can be increased by the use of NO3− fertilizers.
Engineering Dynamic Defect of CeIII/CeIV‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework through Ultrasound‐Triggered Au Electron Trapper for Sonodynamic Therapy of Osteomyelitis
Authors: Zheng Qiyao , Liu Xiangmei , Gao Song , Cui Zhenduo , Wu Shuilin , Liang Yanqin , Li Zhaoyang , Zheng Yufeng , Zhu Shengli , Jiang Hui , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDefect engineering is an important way to tune the catalytic properties of metal‐organic framework (MOF), yet precise control of defects is difficult to achieve. Herein, a cerium‐based MOF (CeTCPP) is decorated with Au nanoparticles. Under ultrasound irradiation, Au nanoparticles can precisely turn 1/3 of the pristine Ce3+ nodes into Ce4+. With the stable existence of Ce4+, the coordination of Ce nodes changed, causing the structural irregularity in CeTCPP‐Au, so that the electron‐hole recombination is obviously hindered, facilitating the generation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, under 20 min of ultrasound irradiation, the CeTCPP‐Au showed superior antibacterial efficacy of over 99% against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with good biocompatibility, which is further used for effective therapy of osteomyelitis. Overall, this work provides a dynamic defect formation strategy of MOF through the electron trapping of Au nanoparticles, which also sheds light on sonodynamic therapy in curing deep‐seated lesions.