bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic Conjugated Trimers with Donor–Acceptor–Donor Structures for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation Application
Authors: Yuan Xiaojiao , Wang Cong , Vallan Lorenzo , Bui Anh Thy , Jonusauskas Gediminas , McClenaghan Nathan D. , Grazon Chloé , Lacomme Sabrina , Brochon Cyril , Remita Hynd , Hadziioannou Georges , Cloutet Eric 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) polymers or small molecules are widely investigated in organic solar cells due to their broad light absorption, narrow band gap, excellent charge mobility, and exciton seperation at the interface. However, studies of conjugated small molecules with D–A–D molecule structures as photocatalytically active materials are still rare. In this study, an unprecedented demonstration that photocatalytic activity can in fact be affected by tuning the D and A is given. Especially, the EBE trimer, comprising 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (E) and benzothiadiazole (B) units, exhibits the best photophysical, chemical, and photocatalytic properties compared to other D–A–D combinations of D and A. Detailed kinetic studies show that all trimers in organic solution present relatively long‐lived and highly emissive photogenerated singlet excitons (τ = 4–13 ns; ϕem = 0.5–0.9) as judged by photoluminescence and transient absorption measurements, while in specific cases formation of long‐lived triplet states can be identified. Organic microparticles of the trimers are efficiently formed in aqueous solution by nanoprecipitation, and rapid photoinduced electron release/injection to the solvent is evidenced spectroscopically. The results indicate that organic small molecule structures with D–A–D structures pave a new pathway for photocatalytic solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion of novel small organic molecules.
Boosting the Durability of Triboelectric Nanogenerators: A Critical Review and Prospect
Authors: Zhao Jun , Shi Yijun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted great interests in the development of sustainable energies and intelligent society. However, a big challenge for TENGs in practical applications is the unavoidable external mechanical abrasion and/or contaminant adsorption on the triboelectric materials, which leads to the significant decrease of the durability of TENGs and is urgently needed to be addressed. There are already a series of interesting progresses on the topic of the TENGs’ durability. In this study, reviewing the durability of TENGs via both the advanced materials/structure designing and the novel surface/interface engineering is focused upon, which includes choosing basic TENG materials, improving composites performance, optimizing structures, and designing triboelectric surfaces and interfaces. To get a better understanding of the durability of TENGs in published studies, the quantifiable levels of service life are also summarized including operation cycles, time, friction coefficient, and wear loss of triboelectric materials, where the boosting mechanisms are also discussed and summarized. Finally, the challenges as well as key strategies toward high durable TENGs are presented.
Silk‐in‐Silk Nerve Guidance Conduits Enhance Regeneration in a Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury Model
Authors: Semmler Lorenz , Naghilou Aida , Millesi Flavia , Wolf Sonja , Mann Anda , Stadlmayr Sarah , Mero Sascha , Ploszczanski Leon , Greutter Lisa , Woehrer Adelheid , Placheta‐Györi Eva , Vollrath Fritz , Weiss Tamara , Radtke Christine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdvanced nerve guidance conduits can provide an off‐the‐shelf alternative to autografts for the rehabilitation of segmental peripheral nerve injuries. In this study, the excellent processing ability of silk fibroin and the outstanding cell adhesion quality of spider dragline silk are combined to generate a silk‐in‐silk conduit for nerve repair. Fibroin‐based silk conduits (SC) are characterized, and Schwann cells are seeded on the conduits and spider silk. Rat sciatic nerve (10 mm) defects are treated with an autograft (A), an empty SC, or a SC filled with longitudinally aligned spider silk fibers (SSC) for 14 weeks. Functional recovery, axonal re‐growth, and re‐myelination are assessed. The material characterizations determine a porous nature of the conduit. Schwann cells accept the conduit and spider silk as growth substrate. The in vivo results show a significantly faster functional regeneration of the A and SSC group compared to the SC group. In line with the functional results, the histomorphometrical analysis determines a comparable axon density of the A and SSC groups, which is significantly higher than the SC group. These findings demonstrate that the here introduced silk‐in‐silk nerve conduit achieves a similar regenerative performance as autografts largely due to the favorable guiding properties of spider dragline silk.
Simultaneous Oxidative Cleavage of Lignin and Reduction of Furfural via Efficient Electrocatalysis by P‐Doped CoMoO4
Authors: Qi Yi , Liu Bowen , Qiu Xueqing , Zeng Xuezhi , Luo Zhicheng , Wu Weidong , Liu Yingchun , Chen Liheng , Zu Xihong , Dong Huafeng , Lin Xuliang , Qin Yanlin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrochemical oxidative lignin cleavage and coupled 2‐furaldehyde reduction provide a promising approach for producing high‐value added products. However, developing efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts with noble‐metal‐like activity still remains a challenge. Here, an efficient electrochemical strategy is reported for the selective oxidative cleavage of Cα–Cβ bonds in lignin into aromatic monomers by tailoring the electronic structure through P‐doped CoMoO4 spinels (99% conversion, highest monomer selectivity of 56%). Additionally, the conversion and selectivity of 2‐furaldehyde reduction to 2‐methyl furan reach 87% and 73%, respectively. In situ Fourier transform infrared and density functional theory analysis reveal that an upward shift of the Ed upon P‐doping leads to an increase in the antibonding level, which facilitates the Cα–Cβ adsorption of the lignin model compounds, thereby enhancing the bifunctional electrocatalytic activity of the active site. This work explores the potential of a spinel as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the oxidative cracking of lignin and the reductive conversion of small organic molecules to high‐value added chemicals via P‐anion modulation.
Optically Tunable Transient Plasmons in InSb Nanowires
Authors: Xue Mengfei , Pan Dong , Zhao Jianhua , Chen Jianing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOptical carrier incubation can effectively alter the electron transport properties of semiconductors; thus, optical switching of the plasmonic response of the semiconductor enables the ultrafast manipulation of the light at the nanoscale. Semiconductor nanostructures are promising platforms in on‐chip high‐speed plasmonic devices, owing to their high photoinduced electron injection efficiency at sub‐picosecond and compatibility with contemporary semiconductor technologies. The pure single crystalline InSb nanowires are promising plasmonic materials in the mid‐infrared region due to their high electron mobility and small electron effective mass. Here, the pump–probe nanoscopy is utilized to investigate the pump fluence dependency and the dynamics of the non‐equilibrium plasmons in the InSb nanowires. The InSb plasmon is successfully switched by injecting the photoinduced electrons and the practical tuning of the plasmon frequency to one octave is shown by increasing the pump fluence from 0 to 90 µJ cm−2. The density of the photoinduced electrons in InSb nanowires is 18.8 × 1018 cm−3 with pump fluence as low as 90 µJ cm−2. The high electron mobility of the InSb supports the low‐loss plasmon with a damping rate of ≈200 cm−1. The InSb nanowires’ excellent plasmonic properties ensure that they are a promising platform for upcoming high‐speed mid‐infrared plasmonic materials for informatic devices.
High‐Gain of NdIII Complex Doped Optical Waveguide Amplifiers at 1.06 and 1.31 µm Wavelengths Based on Intramolecular Energy Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Lin Zhuliang , Man Yi , Lv Ziyue , Zhang Baoping , Xu Hui , Yu Daquan , Yang Xingchen , He Yan , Shi Xiaowu , Ying Leiying , Zhang Dan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChelate phosphine oxide ligand (9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐xanthene‐4,5‐diyl) bis (diphenylphosphineoxide) (XPO) is prepared as a neutral ligand to synthesize complex Nd (TTA)3 (XPO) (TTA = 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone). An appropriate energy gap between the XPO and TTA ligands, which can support two additional energy transfer routines from the first excited triplet state (T1) energy level of the XPO to that of the TTA, improves energy transfer in the Nd complex. Based on intramolecular energy transfer mechanism, optical gains at 1.06 and 1.31 µm are demonstrated in Nd (TTA)3 (XPO)‐doped polymer waveguides with the excitation of low‐power light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) instead of semiconductor lasers as pump sources. Using the vertical top‐pumping mode of a 365 nm LED, relative gains of 22.5 and 8.4 dB cm−1 are obtained at 1.06 and 1.31 µm, respectively, in a 0.2 cm long embedded waveguide with a cross‐section of 8 × 5 µm2. The active core layer is Nd (TTA)3 (XPO)‐doped SU‐8 polymer. Moreover, relative gains are achieved in evanescent‐field waveguide with a cross‐section of 6 × 4 µm2. The 21.0 and 5.6 dB cm−1 relative gains are achieved at 1.06 and 1.31 µm, respectively, with a net gain of 13.8 ± 0.3 dB cm−1 obtained at 1.06 µm in a 0.9 cm long SU‐8 waveguide with Nd (TTA)3 (XPO)‐doped polymethylmethacrylate as upper cladding.
Spacer‐Engineered Ionic Channels in Covalent Organic Framework Membranes toward Ultrafast Proton Transport
Authors: Shi Benbing , Pang Xiao , Lyu Bohui , Wu Hong , Shen Jianliang , Guan Jingyuan , Wang Xiaoyao , Fan Chunyang , Cao Li , Zhu Tianhao , Kong Yan , Liu Yawei , Jiang Zhongyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSide‐chain engineering of covalent organic frameworks as advanced ion conductors is a critical issue to be explored. Herein, ionic covalent organic framework membranes (iCOFMs) with spacer‐engineered ionic channel are de novo designed and prepared. The ionic channels are decorated with side chains comprising spacers having different carbon chain lengths and the –SO3H groups at the end. Attributed to the synergistic contribution from the spacers and the –SO3H groups, the iCOFM with moderate‐length spacer exhibit the highest through‐plane proton conductivity of 889 mS cm‐1 at 90 °C.
Densifiable Ink Extrusion for Roll‐To‐Roll Fiber Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Ultra‐High Linear and Volumetric Energy Densities
Authors: Ling Shangwen , Li Xiaolong , Zhou Tiantian , Yuan Ruoxin , Sun Shuxian , He Hanna , Zhang Chuhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConventional bulky and rigid planar architecting power systems are difficult to satisfy the growing demand for wearable applications. 1D fiber batteries bearing appealing features of miniaturization, adaptability, and weavability represent a promising solution, yet challenges remain pertaining to energy density and scalability. Herein, an ingenious densifiable functional ink is invented to fabricate scalable, flexible, and high‐mass‐loading fiber lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) by adopting a fast ink‐extrusion technology. In the formulated ink, pyrrole‐modified reduced graphene oxide is elaborately introduced and exerts multiple influences; it not only assembles carbon nanotubes and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) to compose a sturdy, conductive, and agglomeration‐free 3D network that realizes an ultra‐high content (75 wt%) of the active materials and endows the electrode excellent flexibility but also serves as a capillary densification inducer, encouraging an extremely large linear mass loading (1.01 mg cm−1 per fiber) and packing density (782.1 mg cm−3). As a result, the assembled fiber LIBs deliver impressive linear and volumetric energy densities with superb mechanical compliance, demonstrating the best performance among all the reported extruded fiber batteries. This work highlights a highly effective and facile approach to fabricate high‐performance fiber energy storage devices for future practical wearable applications.
Highly Reliable Electrochemical Metallization Threshold Switch Through Conductive Filament Engineering Using Two‐Dimensional PtSe2 Insertion Layer
Authors: Kim Min‐Su , Park Euyjin , Kim Seung‐Geun , Park Jae‐Hyeun , Kim Seung‐Hwan , Han Kyu‐Hyun , Yu Hyun‐Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrochemical metallization threshold switch (ECM TS) has received significant attention for various applications owing to its high ON/OFF ratio, fast switching characteristics, and simple active electrode/dielectric layer/inert electrode structures. However, the excess diffusion of active metal ions causes severe variation in threshold voltage and poor endurance. Furthermore, the small room for inert electrode metal is a problem to be solved for various applications of ECM TS. Here, a novel structure is proposed in which a two‐dimensional platinum diselenide (PtSe2) is inserted between the dielectric layer and inert electrode to engineer the conductive filament by controlling the active metal ion concentration. The low work function, superior inertness, layered structure, and smooth surface of PtSe2 insertion layer lead to thin and weak conductive filament with few active metal atoms and allow the use of various metals as inert electrode. Consequently, PtSe2‐inserted ECM TS shows high reliability in both threshold voltage distribution (σ/µ = ≈6.58%) and endurance (>106 cycles). Furthermore, PtSe2‐inserted ECM TS‐based 2 × 2 cross‐bar array is proposed as AND and OR logic circuits. This study is expected to pave the way for the development of ECM TS for next‐generation electronic applications.
Wear Mechanism of Superhard Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon (ta‐C) Coatings for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Rothammer Benedict , Schwendner Michael , Bartz Marcel , Wartzack Sandro , Böhm Thomas , Krauß Sebastian , Merle Benoit , Schroeder Stefan , Uhler Maximilian , Kretzer Jan Philippe , Weihnacht Volker , Marian Max 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta‐C) coatings have the potential to protect biomedical implants from wear and increase their service life. This study elucidates the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, adhesion, and wear resistance of ta‐C coatings fabricated by physical vapor deposition on cobalt‐chromium‐molybdenum (CoCr) and titanium (Ti64) alloys as well as ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Satisfactory cytocompatibility is verified using contact angle and surface tension measurements as well as indirect and direct cell testing. Scratch testing demonstrates excellent adhesion to the substrates and as confirmed by nanoindentation, the coatings represent an up to 13‐fold and 182‐fold increase in hardness on the hard and soft materials. In metal pin‐on‐UHMWPE disk sliding experiments under simulated body fluid lubrication, the wear rates of the disk are reduced by 48% (against CoCr) and 73% (against Ti64) while the pin wear rates are reduced by factors of 20 (CoCr) and 116 (Ti64) compared to uncoated pairings. From optical and laser scanning microscopy, Raman measurements, and particle analyses, it is shown that the underlying substrates remain well protected. Nonetheless, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy revealed coating process‐related and thermally driven subductions as well as tribologically induced near‐surface fatigue, which can potentially constitute critical wear mechanisms.
Mammalian Cornea Inspired Anti‐Fogging Silica Glass Surface Achieved by Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Liang Jie , Wang Hao , Hu Tao , Shan Chao , Yang Qing , Zhang Chengjun , Yang Tongzhen , Fang Zheng , Hou Xun , Chen Feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFog generation can severely damage optical systems by degrading the light absorption rate and imaging quality of optical components. Furthermore, fog can reduce the light flux and transmittance of the optical system, resulting in poor imaging clarity and contrast. Studies have focused on minimizing fog formation and effects. Drawbacks such as high energy consumption and waste pollution severely limit the application of conventional methods. However, achieving high fog resistance of optical components remains a challenge. A novel method of fabricating anti‐fogging slippery surfaces (inspired by the anti‐fog mechanism of the mammalian cornea) on silica glass by using femtosecond lasers is proposed to achieve durable and environment‐friendly optical devices that can achieve anti‐fogging in real time. The femtosecond laser wet etching method is used to fabricate the inside cabin of glass. The cabin filled with graphene spontaneously heats the sample under sunlight to prevent fog formation. In addition to exhibiting excellent anti‐fogging characteristics, the prepared sample achieves high optical transmittance, high durability, and excellent self‐repair capability. Thus, the proposed method exhibits considerable potential for application in numerous domains.
Scavenging of DPPH by Persistent Free Radicals in Carbonized Particles
Authors: Adolfsson Karin H. , Huang Ping , Golda‐Cepa Monika , Xu Huan , Kotarba Andrzej , Hakkarainen Minna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPersistent free radicals (PFR) in carbonized particles may play a role in degradation of environmental compounds. The influence of PFR is evaluated in various carbonized particles on their radical scavenging efficiency upon the common radical indicator 2‐2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Carbonized particles are derived by hydrothermal carbonization of glucose (C‐W) or glucose and urea (NC‐W) and ionothermal carbonization of glucose and urea ionic liquid (IL) (NC‐IL). The carbonized materials contain OH/COOH, C=C, and C‐O functionalities. The addition of urea introduces NH/NH2 functionalities. The content of polar surface groups is lower in IL‐processed NC‐IL. The scavenging ability, measured as DPPH UV–vis absorption decline, increases with concentration and time for all particles, while the efficiency changes are in the order of C‐W > NC‐W > NC‐IL. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis reveals similar radical concentration in all carbonized materials studied. The difference in efficiency is, thus, not directly related to the PFR concentration but rather to the type of PFR, surface functionalities and/or scavenging mechanism. According to the g‐values, radicals in these particles are carbon‐centered. The minor variation in g‐values suggests interactions between the radicals and their environmental functional groups. This provides insights into the influence of PFR in carbonized materials on their radical scavenging efficiency.
Machine Learning Reveals Memory of the Parent Phases in Ferroelectric Relaxors Ba(Ti1−x$_{1-x}$,Zrx)O3
Authors: Ladera Adriana , Kashikar Ravi , Lisenkov S. , Ponomareva I. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMachine learning has been establishing its potential in multiple areas of condensed matter physics and materials science. Here an unsupervised machine learning workflow is developed and used within a framework of first‐principles‐based atomistic simulations to investigate phases, phase transitions, and their structural origins in ferroelectric relaxors, Ba(Ti,Zrx)O3. The applicability of the workflow is first demonstrated to identify phases and phase transitions in the parent compound, a prototypical ferroelectric BaTiO3. Then the workflow is applied for Ba(Ti,Zrx)O3 with to reveal i) that some of the compounds bear a subtle memory of BaTiO3 phases beyond the point of the pinched phase transition, which could contribute to their enhanced electromechanical response; ii) the existence of peculiar phases with delocalized precursors of nanodomains—likely candidates for the controversial polar nanoregions; and iii) nanodomain phases for the largest concentrations of x.
2D Organic Materials: Status and Challenges
Authors: Yan Xiaobing , Zhao Ying , Cao Gang , Li Xiaoyu , Gao Chao , Liu Luan , Ahmed Shakeel , Altaf Faizah , Tan Hui , Ma Xiaopeng , Xie Zhongjian , Zhang Han 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the past few decades, 2D layer materials have gradually become a central focus in materials science owing to their uniquely layered structural qualities and good optoelectronic properties. However, in the development of 2D materials, several disadvantages, such as limited types of materials and the inability to synthesize large‐scale materials, severely confine their application. Therefore, further exploration of new materials and preparation methods is necessary to meet technological developmental needs. Organic molecular materials have the advantage of being customizable. Therefore, if organic molecular and 2D materials are combined, the resulting 2D organic materials would have excellent optical and electrical properties. In addition, through this combination, the free design and large‐scale synthesis of 2D materials can be realized in principle. Furthermore, 2D organic materials exhibit excellent properties and unique functionalities along with great potential for developing sensors, biomedicine, and electronics. In this review, 2D organic materials are divided into five categories. The preparation methods and material properties of each class of materials are also described in detail. Notably, to comprehensively understand each material's advantages, the latest research applications for each material are presented in detail and summarized. Finally, the future development and application prospects of 2D organic materials are briefly discussed.
Boosting the Potential of Chemotherapy in Advanced Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis via Micro‐Combinatorial Hydrogel Particles
Authors: Palange Anna Lisa , Mascolo Daniele Di , Ferreira Miguel , Gawne Peter J. , Spanò Raffaele , Felici Alessia , Bono Luca , Moore Thomas Lee , Salerno Marco , Armirotti Andrea , Decuzzi Paolo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBreast cancer cell colonization of the lungs is associated with a dismal prognosis as the distributed nature of the disease and poor permeability of the metastatic foci challenge the therapeutic efficacy of small molecules, antibodies, and nanomedicines. Taking advantage of the unique physiology of the pulmonary circulation, here, micro‐combinatorial hydrogel particles (µCGP) are realized via soft lithographic techniques to enhance the specific delivery of a cocktail of cytotoxic nanoparticles to metastatic foci. By cross‐linking short poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains with erodible linkers within a shape‐defining template, a deformable and biodegradable polymeric skeleton is realized and loaded with a variety of therapeutic and imaging agents, including docetaxel‐nanoparticles. In a model of advanced breast cancer lung metastasis, µCGP amplified the colocalization of docetaxel‐nanoparticles with pulmonary metastatic foci, prolonged the retention of chemotoxic molecules at the diseased site, suppressed lesion growth, and boosted survival beyond 20 weeks post nodule engraftment. The flexible design and modular architecture of µCGP would allow the efficient deployment of complex combination therapies in other vascular districts too, possibly addressing metastatic diseases of different origins.