bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Chemical, Organic and Biological Fertilizers of Yield and Volatile Oil Production of Anise (Pimpinella anisum, L.) Plant
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud M. Y. , Meawad A. A. , Abdelkader M. A. I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to determine the influence of different fertilizers types (chemical, organic and bio fertilization) on anise yield components, volatile oil production and NPK percentages two field experiments were done at a Private Farm named Royale for herbs in El-bawiti Village, El Wahat El Bharia District, Giza Governorate, Egypt through 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 winter seasons. The efficiency of organic fertilization (humic acid and compost) and biological fertilization (nitrobein or/and phosphorein) were compared with standard, commercial rates of N, P and K as chemical fertilizers concern the productivity of anise plant. The obtained results referred to that, the chemical fertilizers rate (N, P2O5 and K2O at 100, 75 and 50 kg/feddan, respectively) produced the highest yield components values (number of umbels and umblets per plant as well as fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per feddan) compared to the other ones under study, in most cases. Also, fertilized anise plants with the chemical fertilizers rate of N, P2O5 and K2O at 120, 100 and 60 kg/feddan, respectively gave the highest values regard N, P and K percentages in fruits compared to the other fertilizers type under study. In the same time, anise plants treated with 20 m3 compost + 2 kg phosphorein + 2 kg nitrobein and chemical fertilization (N100 P75 K50) produced the highest values in volatile oil yield production (volatile oil yield per plant and per feddan) compared to the others types of fertilizers under study in 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
Techniques of Arbuscular mycorrhiza as a Biofertilizer and an Anti-Transpiration for Promoting Plant Growth and Fruit Chemical Features of Pepper
Authors: Rahim Ruaa Wahab Abdel , Manea Ali Ibadi , Al-Anbagi Rajaa Abdulrazzaq Abbas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in one of the fields in the Al-Azzawiya region - Al-Musayyib district 40 km north of the center of Babylon province, during the spring season 2022. The experiment included two factors, two types of mycorrhizae Glomus sp. and G. intraradices, and two concentrations of potassium silicate 3 ml.L−1 and 5 ml.L−1 in addition to control treatments to study their effect on the growth and chemical traits of the fruits. Sweet pepper plant California Wonder. The results showed that there were significant differences between the treatments of the two types of mycorrhiza. The addition of the imported mycorrhizal species G. intraradices significantly excelled on the local mycorrhiza Glomus sp in all studied growth traits. intraradices was distinguished by its significantly excelled in the type of structures causing colonization, the dendritic structure was 15.66 and the mycelium 1.18. As for the treatment of spraying with potassium silicate, it achieved spray treatment at a concentration of 5 ml. L−1 had a significantly excelled in most of the studied growth traits. As for the bi-interaction between G. intraradices and spraying at a concentration of 5 ml.L−1, it achieved the best results in study parameters. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design, according to the split plot system, with a rate of three replications.
Effect of Ration Type During 2- 6 Weeks of Age on Broiler Performance and Carcass Characteristics
Authors: Khulel Rafea M. , Salem Mohammed S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of using a grower, finisher, or both rations between 2 - 6 weeks of age on performance and carcass characteristics at 6 weeks of age. 120 Ross 308 unsexed broiler chicks were distributed to three groups with four replicates of 10 birds each. During weeks 0-2, all birds received a starter ration of 3000 kcal/kg ME and 23% CP, During 2-6 weeks T1 received a grower ration of 3100 kcal/kg and 21.5% CP, T2 received a finisher ration of 3200 kcal/kg ME and 19.5% CP, and T3 received a grower ration (2-4) weeks then finisher ration (4-6) weeks. Two birds from each replicate were slaughtered and eviscerated manually for carcass traits. The results showed an insignificant difference in final and weekly body weight except for the first week, and an insignificant total and daily weight gain except for weeks 0-1 and 4-5. Except for weeks 2-3 and 3-4, treatments had no effect on feed intake,T3 had the highest feed intake compared to T1 and T2, there was a significant difference between treatments in protein intake except the first two weeks. There was a significant difference in feed conversion in weeks 0-1 and 4-5, as well as protein conversion in weeks 0-1, 2-3, and 4-5. The differences in all carcass traits and the relative growth rate between treatments were insignificant. T2 showed the best economic efficiency compared to T1 and T3.
Effect of Feeding Soybean and Sesame Seed Meal on Semen and Blood Plasma Traits in Awassi Rams
Authors: Shihab Safwan L. , Mohammed Omar D. , Ahmed Falah H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study was done by using 15 Awassi male lambs, with an average body weight of 60.70 kg and age 10-12 months. Lambs were randomly distributed into three treatments, the first treatment was fed on a diet that contained (10%) soybean meal, the second treatment was fed on a diet that contained (11%) untreated sesame seed meal, and the third treatment was fed on a diet containing (11%) of formaldehyde-treated sesame seed meal. The results showed that daily feed intake decreased in T3 by 1.07 kg as compared with the T1 and T2 (1.34 and1.27 kg) respectively, semen characteristics did not differ as a result of treatments but dead sperm in the T3 was significantly decreased (p≤0.05) 11.31% as compared with the T2 15.57%. Blood glucose was higher (p≤0.05) in the T2 at 93.97 mg/dl as compared with the T1 and T3 (72.74, 73.26 mg/dl) respectively. also, cholesterol concentration increased significantly in T3164.57 mg/dl compared with T1 and T2 (134.27 and 140.05 mg/dl) respectively. Whereas, feeding sesame meal treated with formaldehyde led to a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in blood urea concentration of 42.88 mg/dl compared to 48.14 and 50.47 mg/dl, respectively, for the T1 and T2.
Land Degradation Assessment of Soils in Different Land use of Southeast Nineveh Governorate
Authors: Al-Taie Shaymiaa , Khaled Khaled Anwer 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted to observe of land cover changes in southeast of Nineveh Governorate, which lies between longitudes (43° 32− - 43° 12−) East and two latitudes (36° 02− -36° 20−) North, with an area of (811) km2, with six locations and two surface and subsurface layers, which is an ideal region for study due to various land uses. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out and the spectral reflection of the soil was measured using the spectroradiometer for comparing reflections with soil properties such as organic matter, calcium carbonate and texture. It also relied on the Dregene criteria to estimate the degrees of land degradation within the study areas. The results indicated a high percentage of silt which ranged between (352-592 g.kg1), The study showed that the soil of the region is not affected by salt, as the highest value of electrical conductivity of forest soils in Namrod was (2.13 dS.m−1), The results indicated that there is a slight degradation of soils in Salamyia, Namrod and Hamdanyia site, While the rest of the sites were a moderate deterioration. Soil spectral reflectance results showed that the highest reflectance ratio was in the Qaratepa site (0.74 nm) at wavelength 2150, due to the effect of calcium carbonate with a decrease in its organic matter content. Followed by Salamyia site which reached (0.73 nm).
Response of Pea Plants to Spraying with Boron and Sugar Alcohol (mannitol) and Their Effect on Chemical Traits of the Crop
Authors: Rashid Noor Shaker , Mosleh Monam Fadel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Research Station of the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture-University of Diyala, during the autumn season 2021–2022 to study the effect of foliar application of mannitol with three concentrations of 0, 10, and 15 g. liter−1, and boron in four concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150) mg. liter-1 on the chemical parameters of the pea yield. The foliar application spraying with mannitol 15 g.L−1 gave the highest mean in nitrogen, phosphorus, and protein (1.976%, 0.306%, and 7.040 mg), respectively. While spraying with boron at a concentration of 150 gm.L−1 was superior in recording the highest mean in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, protein, carbohydrate, and total soluble solids, which reached (2.345, 0.391, 2.365, 54.44%, 8.451 mg, 14.59 mg, and 17.066%).
Evaluation and Determination of the Best Irrigation Methods Suitable for the Agricultural Lands of Abu Gharq in Babylon
Authors: Al-Hello Hendreen Adel , Jubier Amal Radhi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The aim of this research is to compare the suitability of land for surface irrigation sprinkle and drip irrigation methods according to a parametric evaluation system. The current study was carried out on the soils in the city of Abu Gharq Babylon Governorate south central area of Iraq. with an area of 25026.38 ha, the studied area lie between latitude 44 E, longitude 32 N, After analyzing and evaluating soil properties, Its coordinates were determined by a global positioning device (GPS). The samples were saved and brought to the laboratory to conduct the necessary laboratory measurements on them. The results showed that the silt and clay separations prevailed compared to sand. -400.59 gm kg−1. Also, a high calcium carbonate mineral, CaCo3, was observed, ranging between 16.82-27.00%. As for salinity, it was high in the area, ranging from 3.14-10.78 dm−1. Also, showed decrease in the ratio of organic matter ranged between(10.32-0.97) %. Conclusion as it was found that drip irrigation is more effective and efficient than the two methods of surface irrigation and sprinkler. Recommend irrigation management the drip irrigation system as the best method to be applied to the study area, the main factors determining the use of drip irrigation are the texture and slope, while sprinkler irrigation was the factor of soil texture and salinity. For drip irrigation methods, the main determining factor was calcium carbonate in the soil.
The Economic Feasibility of use Laser Leveling and Different Methods of Weed Control in the Corn (Zea Mays. L) Crop
Authors: Aqeel Hassan Abdulkareem , Muhaimid Nofel Issa , Al-Wagaa Adnan Hussein 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields of Diyala Governorate / Hebhab district during the autumn season of 2019-2020. The aim of study was to demonstrate economic feasibility of weed control by different methods and its effect on the total net profit achieved by using repeated plowing (once, twice) with two settlement systems (traditional, laser), The indicators of production and economic efficiency showed that superiority of plowing twice with the application of the accurate adjustment with the treatment of (chemical control + mechanical cultivating) in achieving the highest net profit amounted to 3489 dollars. Other costs were increased at a rate of $1250.ha-1, which was positively reflected in the increase in total revenues of $5,267.ha-1.
Determination the Wheat Weight and Volume: Mathematical Approach
Authors: Alamery Mohammed Salman , Salman Al-Badri Samir B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Grain size and shape are important yield indicators. A hint for reexamining the visual markers of grain weight can be found in the wheat grain width. A digital vernier caliper is used to measure length, width, and thickness. The data consisted of 1296 wheat grains, with measurements for each grain. In this data set, the average weight (We) of the twenty-four grains was measured and recorded. To determine measure of the length (L), width (W), thickness (T), weight (We), and volume(V). These features were manipulated to develop two mathematical models that were passed on to the multiple regression models. The results of the weight model demonstrated that the length and width of the grains were significantly different p < 0.0001. The coefficient of grain width was higher than that of grain length, indicating that grain width was more important than grain length. Furthermore, the overall model for volume was significantly different, (F
(2,1295); =446832, p < 0.0001), regression(R2)-Square= 0.9986, Adj R-Sq=0.9986; and the RMSE of the experimental was RMSE=0.0002. The results of the weight model showed that the length, width, and thickness of the grains were significantly different p < 0.0001. The coefficient of grain the thickness was greater than the coefficient of grain length, indicating that the grain thickness was more significant than the grain length, and the coefficient of the grain width was more significant than the grain length. Moreover, the overall model for volume was significantly different (F
(3,1295); =71809.6, p < 0.0001), regression (R2) and Adj-R-Sq = 0.9940 were equal, and RMES=0.3399. The introduced model may allow farmers to predict the weight and volume of wheat production during the wheat grain season, depending on the grain length, width, and thickness.
Taxonomic Value of Leaf Epidermal Characters of the Genera Rosa L. and Rubus L. (Rosaceae) in Iraq
Authors: Al-Doskey Zeravan Abdul Khaliq Sadeeq 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, the leaf epidermal characters of thirteen taxa of the genera Rosa L. and Rubus L. belonging to the family Rosaceae, which grows naturally in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, was investigated via light microscopy. All taxa have the type of anomocytic stomata on the abaxial surface, and no stomata are present on the adaxial surface. Within the genus Rubus, among eighteen anatomical characters examined, only three characters are valuable at the species level, such as the anticlinal wall patterns on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces and the shape of the epidermal cells on the abaxial side. In Rosa, the shape of the epidermal cells on the abaxial surface varies from polygonal and polygonal-slightly irregular to irregular, and the variety R. canina var. deseglsei is recognized by the abaxial surface’s anticlinal wall pattern and the epidermal cells shape from other vanities of R. canina. Stomatal density as a range and stomata index could be valuable two diagnostic features for separating R. hemispharica from the remaining taxa of the genus Rosa. The taxa of Section: Pimpinellifoliae can be separate by the patterns of anticlinal walls of the abaxial surface from the remaining taxa of Sections: Caninae and Gallicanae within Subgenus: Rosa under study. According to our findings, some leaf epidermal characteristics and stomata are advantageous for distinguishing the various taxonomic ranks of the genera Rosa and Rubus family Rosaceae.
Determine Canopy Gaps for Atrush Forest using Remote Sensing Data
Authors: Al-Allaf Muhammad Youns , Al-Bek Muzahim Saeed , Abdel-Qader Muhannad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
It is known that the gaps in the forests have a significant impact on the natural regeneration of the forest, so these gaps were studied by relying on remote sensitivity data (Quick Bird) with a precision of discrimination (2.44 m) spectral and (0.61 m) panoramic The statement was classified non-directed by the computer program (Erdas 9.2) for its suitability for the study area of a mountain nature, the study area was classified into (empty spaces (gaps), roads, forest lands), the study area reached (126.182) hectares, the area of the gaps inside the forest (68%), while the roads were (0.5%) and coronary canopy (31.5%(. The areas and shapes of the gaps were defined and their areas calculated by creating a network (20 x 20) m. The gaps were divided into categories (less than 200) m2, between (200 and 400) m2 and between (400 and 600) m2 and (more than 600) m2, As for its shapes, it was calculated using the relationship A=π(L w / 4) including the amount of oval, square, regular, irregular. Data were analyzed from the traditional and spatial statistics, and most of the gaps were similar to the oval or square shape, and most of the gaps were medium size (400 and 600) m2 to small (less than 200) m2, and this indicates the possibility of natural regeneration of the species spread in the study area.
Aerosols Optical Properties Over Different Regions Over Iraq
Authors: Zeki Khawla N. , Al-Salihi Ali M. , Al-Lami Alaa M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
investigating the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols is crucial to the knowledge of their impact on air quality. In present work, the spatiotemporal variation of aerosol over different sites in Iraq was examined using aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Angstrom Exponent (AE) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) during 2003–2021, and Aerosols Index (AI) retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument 2005-2021. Satellite retrieval data is divided into three periods include, (2003–2007), (2008–2013) and (2014–2021). The results of the linear regression analysis of aerosol optical properties demonstrate that the second period (monthly mean AOD and AE) has distinct trends in all considered cities when compared with the first and third periods. Between 2008 and 2014, there was a tendency toward increased monthly mean AOD levels whereas monthly mean AE values shows decreasing. The annual mean of AOD is greater than 0.5. This indicates a high aerosol loading with a moderate intensity when equivalent to 0.4. Haditha and Basra experienced the highest annual mean of AOD (lowest AE) during the summer and spring months, while Duhook and Sulaymaniyah had significantly lower values. The results revealed considerable variability of the AOD, AE, and AI monthly mean on both spatial and temporal scales, having the highest AOD, AI, and AE decrease levels in the northwest and southern regions. While there was the lowest AOD, AI, and maximum AE over the northern parts of Iraq. Throughout the study period, the monthly temporal mean of AOD and AI peaked from May to July. These months have the highest aerosol activity, affecting the northwestern, southwest, and southern parts of Iraq. Minimum values of AOD, AI with maximum AE observed in the winter season, having the lowest aerosol activity effect over Iraq.
Developing A Survey Instrument to Identify the People’s Capabilities of Green Procurement
Authors: Bohari A M , Mohd Mustafa S N A , Bidin Z A , Samsul Bahari A I , Khalil N , Sarpin N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The construction industry is one of the major contributors to overall economic growth. The construction industry involves a diversified and complex supply chain with different phases and lengthy processes involving different stakeholders. Moreover, the construction industry also contributes to environmental problems through its activities. In the current global state, the construction industry must align its strategy with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and promote sustainable development throughout the construction lifecycle. Green procurement is one of the strategies introduced as a way forward to a greener approach in construction. However, the driver in implementing green procurement depends on the key players of the construction industry. Therefore, this study is to identify the key capabilities of the construction players in green procurement implementation. This study adopted a quantitative and multi-phase data collection method, first via an online questionnaire and face-to-face data collection. A pilot survey was developed based on previous studies from the literature and focus group discussions on identifying people’s capabilities for green procurement implementation. From the experts’ pilot stage, the outcome finally retains all the twenty-seven (27) people’s capabilities for green procurement for the construction industry. The outcome of this study will determine the significant impacts of people’s capabilities in green procurement implementation. It is recommended that people involved in the construction industry, especially the stakeholders, know and understand the importance of sustainability principles. Continuous learning and improvement are essential to align with the advancements in green procurement practices.
A Systematic Review of Existing Standard Form of Contract for Building Information Modeling (BIM) Public Projects in Malaysia
Authors: Raja Berema RK , Ismail Z , Brahim J , Nordin NA 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has been highlighted as one of the emerging technologies following the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) within the Malaysian construction scene. Its potential includes the ability to enhance a project’s collaborative aspect within a project. The application, however, remains slow in comparison to the push by the Malaysian government to be at par with developed nations. In particular, the contractual aspect does not accommodate Building Information Modeling (BIM)’s process. As a result, gaps and doubts rise for industry players as the construction industry maintains its old ways of doing things. This paper, therefore, is aimed to uncover existing standard forms of contract for BIM public projects in Malaysia. Results have found Malaysian public projects to often adopt the Public Works Department (PWD) Standard Form of Contract as a reliable form of contract adopting the design and build procurement method. Following the research outcome, a contractual framework for the adoption of BIM within the construction industry is to be devised.
Reinvention of Library Space Programs Towards Future-Proof Public Library For Digital Natives Community Empowerment
Authors: Ariff A A A , Tajuddin A T A , Said S A A S , Samsudin I L , Zahari M Y R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The public library has played an essential part in societal development with its resources’ authenticity and depth. Compared to other educational institutions such as schools and colleges, it has also become a platform where society is involve in a scholarly manner without the influence of the economy burden. The stereotypical impression of dull public libraries as book depositories has driven away the digital natives, who seek a more robust environment to meet their dynamic requirements in tandem with the world’s technological transformation. This has resulted in a significant decrease in visitors that require the public library to reconsider its function and purpose to meet future generations’ needs. Thus, this study explores theapproach to revisit the quintessential of the function for public library than merely a place for accumulation of books and typical reading spaces for the future generations. The intention of this study is to assert thata public library must be build on the duality of its identity–featuring a nexus of knowledge-sharing venues and community-engagement-building programmes. A desktop study was employed to identify the types of space for the public library then comprehensively discussed into their respectives category.. The findings concluded with a recommendation for implementing future-proof programmes in existing and new public libraries.