bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translocator protein alleviates allodynia and improves Schwann cell function against diabetic peripheral neuropathy via activation of the Nrf2‐dependent antioxidant system and promoting autophagy
Authors: Gao Nan , Ma Bingjie , Jia Hongbin , Hao Can , Jin Tian , Liu Xiaoming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsIn diabetes, autophagy and the nuclear factor erythroid‐derived‐2‐like 2 (Nrf2)‐dependent antioxidant system are impaired. Translocator protein (TSPO) agonist Ro5‐4864 alleviates neuropathic pain, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the effects of Ro5‐4864 on autophagy and the Nrf2‐dependent antioxidant system in the sciatic nerves of DPN rats.MethodsAll rats were randomly assigned to Sham or DPN group. After type 2 diabetes modelling (established by high‐fat diet and streptozotocin injection) followed by behavioural tests, established DPN rats were randomly assigned to the DPN group, the Ro (TSPO agonist Ro5‐4864) group, the Ro + 3‐MA (autophagy inhibitor) group and the Ro + ML385 (Nrf2 inhibitor) group. Behavioural assessments were performed at baseline, on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Sciatic nerves were collected on day 28 for immunofluorescence, morphological and western blot analyses.ResultsRo5‐4864 alleviated allodynia and increased myelin sheath thickness and myelin protein expression after DPN. Beclin‐1 (p < 0.01) and LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio (p < 0.01) decreased and p62 (p < 0.01) accumulated in the DPN rats. Ro5‐4864 administration increased the Beclin‐1 and LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio and decreased p62 accumulation. Furthermore, nuclear Nrf2 contents (p < 0.01) and cytoplasmic HO‐1 (p < 0.01) and NQO1 (p < 0.01) expressions were significantly inhibited in the DPN rat, which was also improved by Ro5‐4864. All the beneficial effects were abrogated by 3‐MA or ML385.ConclusionTSPO exhibited a potent analgesic effect and improved Schwann cell function and regeneration against DPN by activating the Nrf2‐dependent antioxidant system and promoting autophagy.
Do adolescents and emerging adults receive the diabetes care they truly need? A nationwide study of the quality of diabetes health care during the transition from paediatric to adult care
Authors: Hodnekvam Kristin , Iversen Hilde H. , Gani Osman , Brunborg Cathrine , Skrivarhaug Torild 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to assess the paediatric and adult diabetes care provided to adolescents and young adults with childhood‐onset type 1 diabetes during the transition.MethodsThis nationwide population‐based cohort study included 776 individuals with type 1 diabetes who were last registered in the Norwegian Childhood Diabetes Registry (NCDR) between 2009 and 2012 and had received adult health care for at least 2 years. The patients' experiences were reported in a validated questionnaire. Clinical data from the annual registrations in the NCDR were coupled with data from the medical records in adult diabetes care. The longitudinal measures of glycaemic control were analysed using a growth mixture model.ResultsA total of 321 young people answered the questionnaire and provided written informed consent for the collection of their data from their medical records. The mean age at transfer was 18.0 years (range = 15.0–23.5 years), and the mean age at participation was 22.7 years (range = 20.9–26.7 years). Significant differences (p < 0.001) in patient experiences were found between paediatric and adult diabetes care in several areas: contact with health‐care personnel, continuity of care, interval between consultations and overall satisfaction. Registry and medical records data confirmed the patient‐reported experiences. The longitudinal analyses identified two groups with distinctly different trajectories of glycaemic outcome over time. Patient–provider continuity and perceived preparedness for transfer were the most influential predictors.ConclusionsThis study highlights several areas to be addressed for improving health care and the transition to adult diabetes care in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes, including provider continuity, individualised care and involvement of multidisciplinary teams.
Vascular and metabolic effects of ipragliflozin versus sitagliptin (IVS) in type 2 diabetes treated with sulphonylurea and metformin: IVS study
Authors: Kang Seon Mee , Yun Han Mi , Sohn Minji , Lim Soo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea, we compared the glucose‐lowering efficacy, cardiometabolic parameters and safety of two drugs, ipragliflozin, a sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor, and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor.Materials and MethodsPatients with 7.5%‐9.0% glycated haemoglobin treated with metformin and sulphonylurea were randomly assigned to ipragliflozin (50 mg, n = 70) or sitagliptin (100 mg, n = 70) therapy for 24 weeks. Measures of glycaemic control, fatty liver indices, other metabolic parameters and subclinical atherosclerosis were compared by a paired t‐test before and after 24 weeks of treatment.ResultsMean glycated haemoglobin levels decreased from 8.5% to 7.5% in the ipragliflozin group and from 8.5% to 7.8% in the sitagliptin group, resulting in a 0.34% between‐group difference (95% confidence interval, 0.10%‐0.43%, p = .088). Fasting and postprandial 2‐h glucose levels also showed a similar trend, with a greater reduction with ipragliflozin therapy. An increase of over 70% in ketone levels and a decrease in whole body and abdominal fat masses were observed with ipragliflozin treatment. Fatty liver indices also improved with ipragliflozin treatment. Despite no difference in carotid intima‐media thickness and ankle‐brachial index, ipragliflozin therapy improved flow‐mediated vasodilation, reflecting endothelial function, while sitagliptin did not. The safety profile did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionsIpragliflozin add‐on therapy can be a viable option for better glycaemic control with multiple vascular and metabolic benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled with metformin and sulphonylurea.
Pseudopestalotiopsis elaeidis associated with leaf spots on Cycas revoluta in Brazil
Authors: Rosado André Wilson Campos , Boari Alessandra de Jesus , Ramos Danilo Oliveira , Custódio Fábio Alex , Quadros Ayane Fernanda Ferreira , Batista Izabel Cristina Alves , Pereira Olinto Liparini 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) is commonly cultivated as an ornamental tree in several countries. In April 2015, C. revoluta leaves showing brownish spots with a yellow halo that progressed to leaflet necrosis were observed in Belém, Pará state, Brazil. This study aimed to determine the aetiology of this disease on sago palm in Brazil. Based on DNA sequence‐based phylogeny, morphology, and colony characterization, the fungus was identified as Pseudopestalotiopsis elaeidis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. elaeidis associated with leaf spots on C. revoluta worldwide.
DNA sensing in the pathological process of ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhang Shi W. , Wu Chao R. , Liao Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe innate immune response plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that the inflammatory response triggered by the innate immune system hinders neurological and behavioural recovery after stroke. The perception of abnormal DNA and its downstream effects are an essential part of the innate immune system. The abnormal DNA is the major inducing factor for innate immune response and is sensed by a series of DNA sensors. In this review, we discussed the multiple roles of DNA sensing in the pathological process of ischemic stroke, with a special focus on DNA sensors Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS).
Synergistic effect of collagen cross‐linking and remineralization for improving resin–dentin bond durability
Authors: Mao Caiyun , He Huihui , Chen Chaoqun , Gu Xinhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, the synergistic effect of glutaraldehyde‐cross‐linking and remineralization on the strength and durability of resin–dentin bonds was investigated. Dentin surfaces were etched with 35% phosphoric acid. The control specimens were bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 using wet bonding without pretreatment. The experimental specimens were pretreated with 5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde solution for 3 min and placed in a remineralizing solution for 0, 12, and 24 h, followed by dry bonding. After performing composite build‐ups on the specimens, they were longitudinally sectioned, immediately, and after aging for 3 h with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), to evaluate microtensile bond strength (µTBS). The cross‐linked specimens exhibited µTBS values comparable with those of the control group, but the µTBS decreased significantly after NaOCl aging. The cross‐linked dentin remineralized for 24 h exhibited an increase in µTBS. After aging in NaOCl, the µTBS of the specimens remineralized for 24 h did not decrease and was significantly higher than for the other experimental groups. Cross‐linking with dry bonding maintained µTBS in specimens before aging in NaOCl, but the bonding durability was compromised. Remineralization of cross‐linked dentin for 24 h followed by dry bonding increased the immediate µTBS and improved bond durability. Therefore, combining cross‐linking with remineralization of collagen fibrils progressively increased resistance to degradation, improving bond durability.
Viral target and metabolism‐based rationale for combined use of recently authorized small molecule COVID‐19 medicines: Molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and remdesivir
Authors: Yan Daisy , Yan Bingfang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic remains a major health concern worldwide, and SARS‐CoV‐2 is continuously evolving. There is an urgent need to identify new antiviral drugs and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Combined use of newly authorized COVID‐19 medicines including molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, and remdesivir has been actively pursued. Mechanistically, nirmatrelvir inhibits SARS‐CoV‐2 replication by targeting the viral main protease (Mpro), a critical enzyme in the processing of the immediately translated coronavirus polyproteins for viral replication. Molnupiravir and remdesivir, on the other hand, inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 replication by targeting RNA‐dependent RNA‐polymerase (RdRp), which is directly responsible for genome replication and production of subgenomic RNAs. Molnupiravir targets RdRp and induces severe viral RNA mutations (genome), commonly referred to as error catastrophe. Remdesivir, in contrast, targets RdRp and causes chain termination and arrests RNA synthesis of the viral genome. In addition, all three medicines undergo extensive metabolism with strong therapeutic significance. Molnupiravir is hydrolytically activated by carboxylesterase‐2 (CES2), nirmatrelvir is inactivated by cytochrome P450‐based oxidation (e.g., CYP3A4), and remdesivir is hydrolytically activated by CES1 but covalently inhibits CES2. Additionally, remdesivir and nirmatrelvir are oxidized by the same CYP enzymes. The distinct mechanisms of action provide strong rationale for their combined use. On the other hand, these drugs undergo extensive metabolism that determines their therapeutic potential. This review discusses how metabolism pathways and enzymes involved should be carefully considered during their combined use for therapeutic synergy.
Stocking practices shape the taxonomic and functional diversity of fish communities in gravel pit lakes
Authors: Gimenez Marie , Villéger Sébastien , Grenouillet Gaël , Cucherousset Julien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFreshwater fishes are widely stocked to enhance existing stocks and create new fishery opportunities, but quantification of ecological effects of stocking on recipient communities is still limited. Here, we quantified recent stocking practices in geographically close gravel pit lakes with contrasting history and management, and measured effects of stocking on fish community structure (taxonomic and functional diversity and body‐size structure). Between 2011 and 2017, 50% of managers stocked fish into gravel pit lakes at least once. However, stocking density (1.6 kg.year−1.ha−1 to 907 kg.year−1.ha−1), stocking diversity, and species stocked (from rainbow trout‐dominated to cyprinid‐dominated) were highly variable. Stocking intensity and choice of stocked species were primarily driven by management objectives and lake size. Stocking intensity was associated with changes in the recipient fish community, with an increase in taxonomic and functional richness and nonlinear changes in community size spectrum. Our findings demonstrate that recent stocking practices can modulate ecological dynamics of fish communities in gravel pit lakes with important consequences on functional characteristics that should be incorporated into management practices.
Plant growth strategy determines the magnitude and direction of drought‐induced changes in root exudates in subtropical forests
Authors: Jiang Zheng , Fu Yuling , Zhou Lingyan , He Yanghui , Zhou Guiyao , Dietrich Peter , Long Jilan , Wang Xinxin , Jia Shuxian , Ji Yuhuang , Jia Zhen , Song Bingqian , Liu Ruiqiang , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRoot exudates are an important pathway for plant–microbial interactions and are highly sensitive to climate change. However, how extreme drought affects root exudates and the main components, as well as species‐specific differences in response magnitude and direction, are poorly understood. In this study, root exudation rates of total carbon (C) and its components (e.g., sugar, organic acid, and amino acid) were measured under the control and extreme drought treatments (i.e., 70% throughfall reduction) by in situ collection of four tree species with different growth rates in a subtropical forest. We also quantified soil properties, root morphological traits, and mycorrhizal infection rates to examine the driving factors underlying variations in root exudation. Our results showed that extreme drought significantly decreased root exudation rates of total C, sugar, and amino acid by 17.8%, 30.8%, and 35.0%, respectively, but increased root exudation rate of organic acid by 38.6%, which were largely associated with drought‐induced changes in tree growth rates, root morphological traits, and mycorrhizal infection rates. Specifically, trees with relatively high growth rates were more responsive to drought for root exudation rates compared with those with relatively low growth rates, which were closely related to root morphological traits and mycorrhizal infection rates. These findings highlight the importance of plant growth strategy in mediating drought‐induced changes in root exudation rates. The coordinations among root exudation rates, root morphological traits, and mycorrhizal symbioses in response to drought could be incorporated into land surface models to improve the prediction of climate change impacts on rhizosphere C dynamics in forest ecosystems.
Legacy effects of anthropogenic disturbances modulate dynamics in the world's coral reefs
Authors: González‐Barrios F. Javier , Estrada‐Saldívar Nuria , Pérez‐Cervantes Esmeralda , Secaira‐Fajardo Fernando , Álvarez‐Filip Lorenzo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRapidly changing conditions alter disturbance patterns, highlighting the need to better understand how the transition from pulse disturbances to more persistent stress will impact ecosystem dynamics. We conducted a global analysis of the impacts of 11 types of disturbances on reef integrity using the rate of change of coral cover as a measure of damage. Then, we evaluated how the magnitude of the damage due to thermal stress, cyclones, and diseases varied among tropical Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific reefs and whether the cumulative impact of thermal stress and cyclones was able to modulate the responses of reefs to future events. We found that reef damage largely depends on the condition of a reef before a disturbance, disturbance intensity, and biogeographic region, regardless of the type of disturbance. Changes in coral cover after thermal stress events were largely influenced by the cumulative stress of past disturbances and did not depend on disturbance intensity or initial coral cover, which suggests that an ecological memory is present within coral communities. In contrast, the effect of cyclones (and likely other physical impacts) was primarily modulated by the initial reef condition and did not appear to be influenced by previous impacts. Our findings also underscore that coral reefs can recover if stressful conditions decrease, yet the lack of action to reduce anthropogenic impacts and greenhouse gas emissions continues to trigger reef degradation. We uphold that evidence‐based strategies can guide managers to make better decisions to prepare for future disturbances.
Reinterpreting two regime shifts in North Sea plankton communities through the lens of functional traits
Authors: Djeghri Nicolas , Boyé Aurélien , Ostle Clare , Hélaouët Pierre 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe so‐called regime shifts in North Sea plankton communities provide an important historical case study to understand marine regime shifts. Previous studies characterized regime shifts using a variety of community metrics (e.g., indicator species abundances, taxonomic composition and chlorophyll biomass) but left the functional traits of plankton unassessed. Here, we explicitly re‐assess the historically recognized North Sea regime shifts through the lens of plankton functional traits to gain a better understanding of these events.LocationThe North Sea (NW European shelf).Time period1958–2018, focusing on the 1980s and 1996–2003 regime shifts.Major taxa studiedMarine phyto‐ and zooplankton.MethodsWe compute trait spaces for both phyto‐ and zooplankton of the North Sea using traits from the literature and a Gower's distance‐based method. Using abundance data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey, we then compute monthly time series of the centroids of the communities, an indicator of functional composition. We then use principal component analysis on the centroids to assess the main temporal changes in plankton functional composition associated with the 1980s and 1996–2003 regime shifts.ResultsLittle change in plankton functional composition was associated with the 1980s regime shift. In contrast, the functional composition of plankton communities changed markedly after the 1996–2003 regime shift, with an increase in the summer relative abundance of non‐motile autotrophs (i.e., diatoms) and the spring relative abundance of meroplankton.Main conclusionsThe North Sea regime shifts were not associated systematically with changes in functional composition, calling into question the definition of regime shifts and illustrating the importance of taking different metrics into account to interpret ecological events accurately. Taking into account functional composition, we interpret the 1980s so‐called regime shift as a latitudinal shift in communities that was insufficient to impact functional composition and the 1996–2003 so‐called regime shift as a period of change in bentho‐pelagic coupling.
Disrupted montane forest recovery hinders biodiversity conservation in the tropical Andes
Authors: Christmann Tina , Palomeque Ximena , Armenteras Dolors , Wilson Sarah Jane , Malhi Yadvinder , Oliveras Menor Imma 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimAndean montane forests are biodiversity hotspots and large carbon stores and they provide numerous ecosystem services. Following land abandonment after centuries of forest clearing for agriculture in the Andes, there is an opportunity for forest recovery. Field‐based studies show that forests do not always recover. However, large‐scale and long‐term knowledge of recovery dynamics of Andean forests remains scarce. This paper analyses tropical montane forest recovery trajectories over a 15‐year time frame at the landscape and tropical Andean scale to inform restoration planning.MethodsWe first detect “potential recovery” as areas that have experienced a forest transition between 2000 and 2005. Then, we use Landsat time series analysis of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) to classify four “realized recovery” trajectories (“ongoing”, “arrested”, “disrupted” and “no recovery”) based on a sequential pattern of 5‐yearly Z‐score anomalies for 2005–2020. We compare these results against an analysis of change in tree cover to validate against other datasets.ResultsAcross the tropical Andes, we detected a potential recovery area of 274 km2 over the period. Despite increases in tree cover, most areas of the Andes remained in early successional states (10–25% tree cover), and NDWI levelled out after 5–10 years. Of all potential forest recovery areas, 22% showed “ongoing recovery”, 61% showed either “disrupted” or “arrested recovery”, and 17% showed “no recovery”. Our method captured forest recovery dynamics in a Peruvian arrested succession context and in landscape‐scale tree‐planting efforts in Ecuador.Main conclusionsForest recovery across the Andes is mostly disrupted, arrested or unsuccessful, with consequences for biodiversity recovery and provision of ecosystem services. Low‐recovery areas identified in this study might be good candidates for active restoration interventions in this UN Decade on Restoration. Future studies could determine restoration strategies and priorities and suggest management strategies at a local planning scale across key regions in the biodiversity hotspot.
The biogeography of host‐associated bacterial microbiomes: Revisiting classic biodiversity patterns
Authors: Härer Andreas , Rennison Diana J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe question of which ecological and evolutionary processes structure the distribution of biodiversity has intrigued scientists for centuries, and historically, inferences have been gained predominantly by studying animals and plants. Although substantial progress has been made towards understanding the multitude of factors that shape host‐associated microbial communities (i.e., microbiomes), it remains largely unknown whether large‐scale geographical patterns in diversity observed for macroorganisms also apply for their microbiomes and whether microbiomes are shaped by the same processes that appear key for determining biogeographical patterns in their hosts.The geographical distribution of microbiome diversityWe discuss challenges and potential approaches for studying microbiome biogeography, with the goal of inspiring future lines of research that can stimulate the development of new ecological and evolutionary theory in the microbiome field. The theory and examples presented here focus specifically on bacterial microbiomes, and we give an overview of host‐associated bacterial microbiome research beginning to examine some of the classic biodiversity patterns central to the fields of ecology and evolution.Potential impacts of microbiome variation for host ecology and evolutionMicrobiome diversity patterns are particularly important to consider because microbes are crucial for many aspects of the biology of their hosts. We discuss how more comprehensive knowledge of the geographical variation of microbiome diversity at the host individual and population levels might be crucial for understanding host ecology and evolution.