bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the activated sludge composition using artificial neural networks
Authors: Sanginova Olga 
Published: June 2023

The object of research is electron microscopic images of activated sludge, which were used to train a convolutional neural network. An important task of the process of biological wastewater treatment is the prompt determination of quantitative and qualitative changes in activated sludge, as well as the assessment of the impact of the identified changes on the efficiency of the treatment. Microscopic examination, which is a traditional tool for controlling the quality of the water-sludge mixture, does not allow to quickly detect the deterioration of the activated sludge, which can lead to its degradation, and in difficult cases – to the death of the sludge. Violation of the microbiological composition of sludge leads to improper formation of flocs, violation of the process of formation of flakes, filamentous or sludge swelling, toxicity, etc. The combination of artificial intelligence methods with existing methods of quality control of activated sludge will increase the reliability and validity of the assessment of the quality of biological treatment.
A proposed methodology for analyzing the state of activated sludge using convolutional neural networks. For the purpose of training the network, images of activated sludge were prepared, which were classified into two categories – «flocs» and «bacteria with microorganisms». There are 4 subcategories in the «flocks» category: size, shape, structure, edge of the floc; in the category «bacteria with microorganisms» there are 2 subcategories: «individual bacteria and microorganisms» and «colonies». Data sets of 250, 500 and 1000 images were created for each category. The task of learning the image processing model and the criteria for evaluating the success of learning are formulated. The task of training the network was to find such a recognition function that, with a given degree of accuracy, approximates the unknown recognition function over the entire domain of its definition. The accuracy of image recognition is chosen as a learning success criterion. The model training results show that the image recognition accuracy reaches 99.98 %, and the training quality is affected by the sample size and training duration. The trained model can be used as a fast and efficient tool to detect problems with activated sludge.
Local Culture Materials of Indonesia in the Arabic Textbook for Senior High School in the Perspective of Cropper and Klushkorn
Authors: Nashrullah Muhammad , Yusuf Kamal 
Published: June 2023

This study examines the content of local wisdom of Indonesian culture in explanatory text material in an Arabic textbook published by the Ministry of Religious Affairs in Curriculum 2013 using the theory of Kroeber and Kluchkorn in the context of sociolinguistic studies for grade XI. The approach uses a research library in this study. The collection of data was using the technique of documentation. The information from the book is classified and then analyzed through content analysis. The findings of this study indicate that the textbook contains different elements of local culture, namely, elements that are descriptive, historical, structural, and genetic. These findings can encourage students to understand philosophical values, promote character education, and provide a blend of Arabic and Indonesian culture with interesting socio-cultural information.

تهدف هذه الدراسة في محتوى الحكمة الثقافية المحلية الإندونيسية في مادة النص التوضيحي في الكتب المدرسية العربية لطلاب للصف الحادي عشر في مدرسة الثانوية التي نشرتها وزارة الدين 2013 منهج مع نظرية كروبر وكلوشكورن في إطار دراسات علم اللغة الاجتماعي. تستخدم الطريقة في هذه الدراسة البحث المكتبي. تم إجراء جمع بيانات البحث باستخدام نظرية التوثيق. يتم تصنيف البيانات من الكتاب ثم تحليلها عن طريق تحليل المحتوى. تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن هناك عناصر متنوعة للثقافة المحلية واردة في الكتاب المدرسي، وهي العناصر الوصفية والتاريخية والبنيوية والجينية. يمكن أن تحفز هذه النتائج الطلاب على فهم القيم الفلسفية، وتعزيز تعليم الشخصية، وتوفير معلومات اجتماعية وثقافية مثيرة للاهتمام مع مزيج من الثقافة العربية والإندونيسية.
Immunological factor development of external genital endometriosis
Authors: Levkovich M. A. , Ermolova N. V. , Krukier I. I. , Pogorelova T. N. , Kravchenko L. V. 
Published: June 2023

External genital endometriosis (EGE) is one of the common gynecological diseases of women of reproductive age with a relapsing, progressive course that worsens the quality of life of patients due to pain, emotional imbalance, fear of relapse and possible surgical intervention. Currently, endometriosis is recognized as one of the most common diseases associated with infertility. Thus, among fertile women with preserved childbearing function, the disease is generally diagnosed in approximately 6-7%, while among patients suffering from infertility, its frequency can reach 20-48%.However, the causes that determine reproductive dysfunction in patients with EGE are not well understood. Much attention is currently paid to the role of immunity in the formation of endometriosis. Patients with EGE show changes in both local immunity factors and immunological components of circulating blood.Purpose of the study: the study of factors of innate and adaptive immunity in patients of reproductive age with external genital endometriosis (EGE).The study included 71 patients with various stages of external genital endometriosis, the control group included 24 patients without endometriosis. Determination of the population composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes, the level of monocytes expressing TLR, activation markers, was carried out by laser flow cytometry — Immunotex (France), Caltag (USA), FITC (fluorescein isothiocynate) — labeled CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, HLA-DR, CD282, CD284 and PE (phycoerythrin) - labeled with CD25, CD69, CD95, CD107a, CD14.External genital endometriosis is characterized by: at stages I-II of the disease - a violation of the early stages of the innate immune response (an increase in the number of monocytes expressing TLR-4, a violation of the activation and differentiation processes of immunocompetent cells, which is reflected in a decrease in the expression of CD16, CD8, CD16+HLA-DR+, CD16+CD107a+, CD8+CD107a+, at III-IV stages of the disease, there is a decrease in the level of CD16 and activation markers CD69, HLA-DR, CD107a on their surface, which is combined with a decrease in the expression of CD8, CD16, HLADR and CD107a on their surface. CD95+ and CD8+CD95+ were found at various stages of EGE.The results obtained allow us to understand the features of the functioning of innate and adaptive immunity at various stages of external genital endometriosis, and the studied immunological parameters can be used as diagnostic criteria for the formation of various stages of EGE. These data can serve as a theoretical basis for further identification of markers of EGE progression, as well as the mechanisms underlying immune inflammation.
Laboratory biomarker galectin-3 in the diagnostics of myocardial inflammatory changes in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gusakova A. M. , Rogovskaya Yu. V. , Archakov E. A. 
Published: June 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. Numerous data indicate a significant contribution of myocardial inflammatory changes in the development and progression of AF. The search for new laboratory biomarkers to assess the activity of myocardial inflammatory processes, and the study of their diagnostic significance for noninvasive diagnosis in patients with AF is relevant. Therefore, the aim was to study the features of the serum level of the biomarker Gal-3 and to identify its relationship with inflammatory changes in the myocardium in patients with AF. Depending on the results of histological studies, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 – with morphologically verified active lymphocytic myocarditis (ALM), group 2 – with lymphocytic infiltration (LI). Analysis of the frequency of detection and severity of the inflammatory process in the myocardium showed that activity of 4-5 scores was detected only in group 1. In 2nd group, activity of the inflammatory process in most patients was 1 score. All patients with LI mild interstitial inflammation were showed. In the ALM group moderate and severe interstitial inflammation was detected. A high number of CD3+ and CD45+ cells were found in 1st group compared to group 2 (p < 0.001).There were no significant intergroup differences in the serum level of Gal-3. At the same time, in 1st group showed a significant decrease in Gal-3 in 6 months after treatment (p = 0.028). Positive correlations of Gal-3 with the severity of the inflammatory process and endocardial involvement were revealed in patients with ALM. The association of serum Gal-3 levels with CD68+ levels in 1st group was detected (R = 0.48, p = 0.030). In 2nd group, a correlation between the level of Gal-3 in 6 months after ablation with infiltration of CD45+ cells was found (R = 0.69, p = 0.003). Thus, in patients with AF and active lymphocytic myocarditis, significant associations were established between biomarkers of Gal-3 and inflammatory changes in the myocardium. This confirms the important role of Gal-3 as a participant in the inflammatory process.
Peculiarities of post-viral chronic fatigue syndrome associated with mild cognitive decline in patients with atypical chronic active herpesvirus infections
Authors: Khalturina E. O. , Nesterova I. V. 
Published: June 2023

According to modern ideas, changes in the functioning of the immune system affect the immune processes in the nervous system, contributing to the development of neuro-immuno-inflammation and thereby indirectly affect the rate of progression of neurodegenerative processes. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of post-viral chronic fatigue syndrome and cognitive impairment (aMCI) among patients with atypical, chronic active herpesvirus infections (ACA-HVI).Under our supervision were 126 patients of both sexes aged 18 to 60 years with ACA-HVI.It was established that mono-EBV infection affects 27.7%; mixed EBV infection is observed in 72.3% of patients. When assessing cognitive functioning using CGI, MMSE scales, the incidence of aMCI was found to be 68.3%: with mixed HVI — 87.4%, with mono HVI — 38.8%. During the study, significant limitations were identified in the use of standard scales due to the impossibility of conducting a comprehensive assessment of clinical status parameters and cognitive dysfunctions, as well as correlation of these parameters and assessment of dynamics of the immunocorrection. To achieve this goal the Scale of assessment of the criterion clinical symptoms of patients with ACA-HVI with CFS was used. It was shown that in mixed-HVI, the severity of symptoms exceeded the severity of symptoms of patients with mono-HVI and was 52.7 (43.1-62.2) and 38.0 (31.9-42.8) points, respectively (p > 0.05). Thus, it was found that patients suffering from mixed HVI have more pronounced, severe manifestations of CFS and aMCI, which are 1.5 times higher than similar manifestations in patients with mono-HVI, significantly reducing the quality of life of these patients, worsening their social adaptation.Prolonged persistence of herpes viruses in immune-compromised people creates conditions for constant antigenic stimulation and immune imbalance with the onset of secondary immunodeficiency or clinical manifestation of existing primary disorders in the immune system, which creates the prerequisites for the development of neuro-immuno-inflammatory changes in nervous system, followed by the formation of clinical manifestations of ME/CFS with different cognitive impairments that may be classified as aMCI.
Results of therapy of chronic urticaria in patients with IgE-dependent and IgE-independent disease profile
Authors: Zhukova N. N. , Mazokha K. S. , Manzhos M. V. , Aseeva E. V. 
Published: June 2023

The main mechanism for the occurrence of urticaria is the degranulation of mast cells. It has been proven that, regardless of the activation pathway, clinical manifestations will not differ. According to the literature, up to half of cases of chronic spontaneous urticaria are autoimmune in nature, can be combined with autoimmune thyroid disease, SLE, etc., and have a more severe course.In therapy, antihistamines are traditionally used. However, some patients do not respond to the treatment, even with a multiple increase in doses. In the treatment of urticaria resistant to traditional antihistamines, the use of Omalizumab is recommended. The purpose of the study: to determine the profile of patients with chronic urticaria, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with Omalizumab in patients with IgE- dependent and IgE-independent chronic urticaria.Eight-one patients with chronic urticaria (60 adults, 21 children) were examined. Patients before the start of therapy had a long history of CU: from 1 to 20 years. Patients before the start of therapy were treated with antihistamines, but no control was obtained. An increase in the level of serum IgE was detected in 51.7% of cases in adults and 42% in children. Concomitant sensitization was determined in 48.3% of adults and 76.2% of children. In children, food, epidermal and pollen sensitization was the most common. Pollen and epidermal sensitization were more common in adults. The level of eosinophilia in the group with IgE-dependent was more pronounced than in other group (p = 0.0097). After 6 months, the group with IgE-dependent showed an improvement in the symptom score (UCT) from 3.1 CI (1.5-4.6) to 12.2 CI (10.8-13.7), (p = 0.0001). In other group, symptoms improved from 0.63 CI (0.36-1.6) to 8.1 CI (5-11.2) after 6 months (no control). After 6 months of genetically engineered biological therapy (GIBT), complete control over the symptoms of CU in group 1 was obtained in 66.7% of patients, partial — in 33.7%. In the second group, in 33.3% of cases, positive treatment results could not be achieved. Thus, genetically engineered biological therapy with Omalizumab increases the control over the course of CU. Treatment outcomes are higher in patients with an IgE-dependent disease profile.
Saliva versus plasma cytokines as possible predictors of autism severity
Authors: Filippova Yu. Yu. , Alekseeva A. S. , Devyatova E. V. , Rusakova K. A. , Burmistrova A. L. 
Published: June 2023

The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are now widely accepted as a pervasive, complex, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders with multiple etiologies, subtypes, and developmental trajectories. There are no available and effective biomarkers for them. Immune dysfunction is seen as an important risk factor contributing to the neurodevelopmental deficit in ASD, and is signified, among other things, by an imbalance of cytokines in the brain and on the periphery. In recent years, saliva has been proposed as a biological material for diagnosing ASD, due to the accessibility and non-invasiveness of the method for its production. However, the question of whether salivary cytokine levels may be used as effective early biomarkers for autism requires further research, including saliva versus plasma/serum comparisons.Aim: a comparative analysis of the levels of cytokines: IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10, in saliva and blood plasma to identify possible markers of ASD and their severity in children.The study included 11 children with typical neurodevelopment (TDC) and 55 children with ASD, among whom 37 children had mild or moderate autism (according to CARS), and 18 children had severe autism. Samples of unstimulated mixed saliva and venous blood were simultaneously collected from all children. Salivary concentrations of cytokines: IL-6, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 were determined by multiplex Luminex™ analysis. Plasma levels of cytokines were assessed by ELISA. Differences between groups were tested using the Kruskal-Wallis U-test with post-hoc Conover-Inman comparisons, between samples (saliva/ plasma) are using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The correlation between the concentrations of cytokines in plasma and saliva was determined using linear regression by the RMA method.In all examined groups, the levels of IL-6, IFNγ and IL-10 in saliva were significantly lower, and TNFα, IL-1β and IL-4 were higher than the corresponding levels of the same cytokines in plasma. Regardless of health/ disease status, no significant correlations were found between salivary and plasma cytokine levels in children. IL-1β levels were significantly lower and IL-10 levels were higher in the saliva of both groups of children with ASD compared with TDC. No significant differences in salivary cytokine concentrations were found between children with mild and severe ASD.Thus, salivary cytokines can be used as markers of ASD in children, but not the severity of the condition. The absence of correlations in the levels of some pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines between saliva and blood plasma may probably indicate a special immunological status of an ecological niche, the oral cavity.
Homo Juridicus, a Legalized Society and the State in the Naturalness of Legal Reality. Review of the Study by P. P. Serkov: «Legal relationship. (Theory and Practice of Modern Legal Policy)». Moscow: Norma, 2023
Authors: Kolyushin E. I. 
Published: June 2023

According to its content, the new study presented by Professor P. P. Serkov goes far beyond its formal title, which means the focus on the place of legal relations in legal policy.Like the ancient Roman commander Cato the Elder, who ended all his speeches in the Senate with the same phrase dedicated to the sad fate of Carthage, Professor P. P. Serkov ends any lengthy discussions about law, legal relations, legal policy, legal ideology, legal socialization, legal principles, morality, religion in one way or another with a conclusion about the effect of what appeared, in his opinion, in the pre-state era, the principle of equivalence, parity of subjective rights and obligations, which was justified in previous works.The main features of legal research are the involvement of the methodology of other sciences (philosophy, political science and psychology), as well as the fact that legal policy, positive law around the world are evaluated («law sleeps») not directly, but indirectly--through an appeal to legal theory, which is criticized for focusing on the «artificiality of law».The review of the original research draws attention to the extremes and contradictions in the author’s positions. In its constructive provisions, it fills both legal science and political science with new knowledge, justifying the need to reduce the inevitable distance between politics and law by taking into account the mechanisms of the emergence, development and completion of legal relations. In its polemical part, the monograph rightly warns legal science about the danger of moving in a circle, about the need for an adequate perception of the reality of being based on the achievements of other sciences to increase its efficiency.
Tinjauan Hukum atas Penggunaan Cryptocurrency atau Mata Uang Kripto Sebagai Alat Pembayaran di Indonesia
Authors: Azmi Dzakwan , Lestari Ahdiana Yuni 
Published: June 2023

The presence of crypto coins as a new thing in society certainly requires a legal attitude. The rapid development of crypto coins makes many people believe that crypto coins will become a means of payment in the future. This study aims to find out the arrangements regarding payment instruments in Indonesia and the legal consequences if crypto coins are used as payment instruments in Indonesia. this writing uses Normative Legal Research, namely research with assessment through literature studies based on primary and secondary legal materials. The problem approach used is the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. The results of this study show concretely that crypto coins are illegitimate means of payment. The use of crypto coins as a means of payment in Indonesia is not in accordance with the law and is an act that is against the law so that it can lead to legal consequences. Crypto coins do not have a legal basis to be used as a means of payment in Indonesia. Payments using crypto coins which are prohibited by law are considered illegal payments so they can be subject to sanctions
Keyword: Payment Tools, buying and selling, Crypto Coins.
Analisis Pendiri Perseroan Perseorangan Terhadap Tanggungjawab Kerugian Pihak Ketiga
Authors: Hamidy Muammal , Pujiyono Pujiyono , Taruno Yudho 
Published: June 2023

The responsibility of the founder of an individual company for the loss of third parties in the activities of running a business will have legal consequences. This study aims to discuss the Analysis of the Founder of an Individual Company on Third Party Loss Liability, so that no one party is harmed. The research method used is doctrinal in nature or uses all existing regulations regarding Individual Limited Liability Companies. The results of the study show that the responsibilities of the founders of a limited liability company can be obtained by the Shareholders of an Individual Limited Liability Company limited to the paid-up capital. And the existence of caution for companies is also written in Government Regulation in Lieu of Law number 2 of 2023 Concerning Job Creation, making individual limited liability companies even more perfect.
Keyword: Responsibility; Sole Proprietorship; Third Parties
STRATEGI BRANDING DALAM MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN PESANTREN PRENEUR
Authors: Masruroh Nikmatul , Zahirah Farah 
Published: June 2023

Pesantren preuner hadir di tengah-tengah keadaan pengangguran muda Indonesia yang semakin meningkat.Hadirnya konsep ini, membuka ruang bagi pemuda-pemuda untuk ikut andil dalam kegiatan ekonomi gunamemberikan pendapatan negara.Pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan yang selama ini dipahami sebagai garda terdepan dalam upaya tafaqquh fiddin, akhir-akhir ini ikut hadir sebagai pencetus ide pemerkuat ekonomi umat dengan berbagai macam jenis usaha yang dimiliki. Pesantren Salafy Sidogiri Jawa Timur, selama ini menjadi ikon pesantren salaf, terbukti tidakmemiliki pendidikan formal di dalamnya, namun mampu melahirkan berbagai jenis usaha, guna menghidupkan perekonomian. Pola usaha yang dilakukan dengan memberdayakan santri dan alumni-alumni yang dimiliki. Agar pasca dari Pesantren tidak terjadi pengangguran.Selain itu keterampilan berwirausaha sudah dilatih mulai santri berada dalam Pesantren sembari tidak meninggalkan ilmu agama sebagai pengajaran pokok dari pesantren. Dari fenomena yang bertolak belakang tersebut, tulisan ini bertujuan mengungkaplatarbelakang Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri menggarap sektor preneur, di saat kebanyakan pesantren lain belum menggarapnya dan masih konsisten dengan keâ€™salafiâ€™ annya. Hal yang tidak kalah menarik tujuan penelitian ini untukmenguraimodel usaha dapat diambil pelajaran dan diadopsi sebagai strategi preneur pesantren lain, yaitu: mengenai kiat sukses usaha Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri dalam membangun kekuatan bisnisnya hingga seperti sekarang.