bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arctigenin Suppresses the Proliferation and Metastasis, and Induces Apoptosis and
Cycle Arrest of Osteosarcoma Cells by inhibiting HMOX1 Expression
Authors: Xu Guosong , He Zhensen , Liu Yinping 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor, with highly proliferative and metastatic
properties. Previous studies have reported that arctigenin (Arc), a bioactive lignin compound, showed excellent
anti-tumor activities in a variety of human cancers. However, its role in osteosarcoma has not been studied.

Objective:
We aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of Arc on osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, invasion,
apoptosis, and cell cycle.

Methods:
Effects of Arc on osteosarcoma cell proliferation were detected by MTT and colony formation assay. Flow
cytometry analysis was performed to assess the cell apoptosis and cycle arrest. Transwell assay was used to evaluate
the capability of migration and invasion. qRT-PCR and Western blot were employed to determine the changes in
mRNA and protein levels.

Results:
Arc could significantly suppress the proliferation, colony formation, and induce cell apoptosis and S phase
cycle arrest of MG63 and U-2 OS cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we also observed an inhibitory effect
of Arc treatment on osteosarcoma cell invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). HMOX1,
encoding enzyme heme oxygenase-1, was predicted to be a candidate target of Arc using STITCH. Arc treatment significantly
reduced the mRNA and protein levels of HMOX1. Furthermore, overexpression of HMOX1 could partly
reverse the inhibitory effects of Arc on osteosarcoma cell malignant phenotypes.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that Arc inhibits the proliferation, metastasis and promotes cell apoptosis and cycle
arrest of osteosarcoma cells by downregulating HMOX1 expression.
Effects of Sublingual Colostrum Application on Oral and Intestinal Flora
of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Wang Hua , Li Qiu-Fang , Xu Xin-Fen , Hu Xiao-Li 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of colostrum application on
the establishment of normal flora in the intestinal tracts and oral cavities of extremely low birth
weight infants (ELBWI).

Methods:
A prospective cohort study design was adopted following the STROBE guidelines (Supplementary
File 1). Colostrum was administered immediately after obtaining maternal breast milk
using a special sterile cotton swab. There were no specific treatments for infants who did not receive
colostrum. This experiment was completed on day 5 post-birth and the patients were divided
into the colostrum and control groups, corresponding to whether or not colostrum was administered.
Throat swabs and stool samples were collected on days 1 and 5 post-birth.

Results:
Using the conventional bacteria cultivation technique, the detection rate of bacteria in 98
cases of meconium at birth was 15.31%. On day 5, the detection rates of Staphylococcus in the colostrum
and control groups were 36.54% and 34.78%, with no significant difference between them
(P = 0.856), and that of Enterococcus was 26.92% and 13.04%, respectively, with no statistically
significant difference (P = 0.089). Likewise, at birth, the detection rate of bacteria in 98 cases of
throat swabs was 27.55%. On day 5, the detection rate of Streptococcus in the colostrum and control
groups was 78.85% and 50.00%, respectively, recording a statistically significant difference
this time (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
Colostrum application had limited effects on intestinal flora colonization but contributes
to physiological oral flora colonization.
Electromotive Force of Spontaneously Polarized Semiconductors
Authors: Kharlamov Vladimir F. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Spontaneously polarized finely dispersed semiconductors can be sources of direct electric current, similar to thermoelectric converters. Their power is low due to the low electrical conductivity of the powders.

Objective:
Theoretical description of the electromotive force of a spontaneously polarized homogeneous semiconductor film with ionized donor centers uniformly distributed over its two surfaces and free electrons in the volume. Establishment of technical characteristics and competitive advantages of using a film as a current source converts the received energy (heat or light) into the work of an electric field.

Methods:
The theory of semiconductors and the laws of thermodynamics are used.

Results:
Analytical expressions are obtained that describe the electronic processes in a metal-semiconductor-metal three-layer film and the technical characteristics of its use as a current source. Estimates are given on the example of a silicon film with arsenic-doped surfaces.

Conclusion:
The universal principles for creating homogeneous solids of macroscopic dimensions are substantiated, with the efficiency of converting heat into the work of an electric field, which is significantly (by an order of magnitude) higher than the efficiency of materials used to create thermo-EMF sources. The heat absorbed by the metal-semiconductor-metal three-layer film serves as an energy source for a direct current in a closed circuit generated by this structure with an efficiency of 100%. The power of the current source 10 - 105 W/m depends on the received heat flow. A semiconductor film with a built-in electric field is an analogue of a p - n junction and does not have its drawbacks.
Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effect of Antipsychotic Agents Including Dopaminergic Neuro-depressants on Dopamine Formation from p-tyramine Mediated by Cytochrome P450 2D6
Authors: Niwa Toshiro , Yamamoto Yuka 
Published: September 2023

Background and Objectives:
The effects of antipsychotic agents, including dopamine D2 receptor blocking agents such as haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and sulpiride, and related compounds such as mirtazapine and sertraline, on dopamine formation from p-tyramine cata-lyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6.2 (Arg296Cys;Ser486Thr), CYP2D6.10 (Pro34Ser;Ser486Thr), and CYP2D6.39 (Ser486Thr) were compared with those of CYP2D6.1.

Methods:
Dopamine was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and Michaelis constants (Km), maximal velocity (kcat) values for dopamine formation, and inhibition constants (Ki) of psychotropic agents were estimated.

Results:
Km values for all CYP2D6 variants decreased at lower concentrations, and kcat values for CYP2D6 variants except for CYP2D6.10 gradually increased with increasing haloperidol concentrations up to 5 or 10 μM. The kcat/Km values for all CYP2D6 variants increased at under 2.5 μM concentrations. Lower sertraline concentrations decreased Km values for CYP2D6.10. Chlorpromazine at concentrations under 10 µM competitively inhibited the activities catalyzed by all variants; however, the activities for only CYP2D6.10 were increased by chlorpromazine at concentrations over 250 µM. Mirtazapine and sertraline similarly decreased dopamine formation among all variants except for CYP2D6.10. However, CYP2D6.10 inhibition by mirtazapine was weaker than that of the other variants, and sertraline decreased Km values for CYP2D6.10.

Conclusion:
Haloperidol and sertraline, but not sulpiride, decreased the Km and/or increased kcat values for CYP2D6. The present findings suggest that Dopamine D2 receptor-blocking agents and related compounds may polymorphically affect dopamine formation catalyzed by CYP2D6 in the brain.
A Culturally Adapted Diet and Physical Activity Text Message Intervention to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for Women of Pakistani Origin Living in Scotland: Formative Study
Authors: Krasuska Marta , Davidson Emma M , Beune Erik , Jenum Anne Karen , Gill Jason MR , Stronks Karien , van Valkengoed Irene GM , Diaz Esperanza , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: September 2023

Background
Individuals of South Asian origin are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with other ethnic minority groups. Therefore, there is a need to develop interventions to address, and reduce, this heightened risk.

Objective
We undertook formative work to develop a culturally adapted diet and physical activity text message intervention to prevent T2DM for women of Pakistani origin living in Scotland.

Methods
We used a stepwise approach that was informed by the Six Steps in Quality Intervention Development framework, which consisted of gathering evidence through literature review and focus groups (step 1), developing a program theory for the intervention (step 2), and finally developing the content of the text messages and an accompanying delivery plan (step 3).

Results
In step 1, we reviewed 12 articles and identified 3 key themes describing factors impacting on diet and physical activity in the context of T2DM prevention: knowledge on ways to prevent T2DM through diet and physical activity; cultural, social, and gender norms; and perceived level of control and sense of inevitability over developing T2DM. The key themes that emerged from the 3 focus groups with a total of 25 women were the need for interventions to provide “friendly encouragement,” “companionship,” and a “focus on the individual” and also for the text messages to “set achievable goals” and include “information on cooking healthy meals.” We combined the findings of the focus groups and literature review to create 13 guiding principles for culturally adapting the text messages. In step 2, we developed a program theory, which specified the main determinants of change that our text messages should aim to enhance: knowledge and skills, sense of control, goal setting and planning behavior, peer support, and norms and beliefs guiding behavior. In step 3, we used both the intervention program theory and guiding principles to develop a set of 73 text messages aimed at supporting a healthy diet and 65 text messages supporting increasing physical activity.

Conclusions
We present a theory-based approach to develop a culturally adapted diet and physical activity text message intervention to prevent T2DM for women of Pakistani origin living in Scotland. This study outlines an approach that may also be applicable to the development of interventions for other ethnic minority populations in diverse settings. There is now a need to build on this formative work and undertake a feasibility trial of a text message–based diet and physical activity intervention to prevent T2DM for women of Pakistani origin living in Scotland.
Machine Learning for Early Prediction of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events After First Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Pin , Wu Lei , Zou Ting-Ting , Zou ZiXuan , Tu JiaXin , Gong Ren , Kuang Jie 
Published: September 2023

Background
The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) remains high in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and early prediction models to guide their clinical management are lacking.

Objective
This study aimed to develop machine learning–based early prediction models for MACEs in patients with newly diagnosed AMI who underwent PCI.

Methods
A total of 1531 patients with AMI who underwent PCI from January 2018 to December 2019 were enrolled in this consecutive cohort. The data comprised demographic characteristics, clinical investigations, laboratory tests, and disease-related events. Four machine learning models—artificial neural network (ANN), k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, and random forest—were developed and compared with the logistic regression model. Our primary outcome was the model performance that predicted the MACEs, which was determined by accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and F1-score.

Results
In total, 1362 patients were successfully followed up. With a median follow-up of 25.9 months, the incidence of MACEs was 18.5% (252/1362). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the ANN, random forest, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, and logistic regression models were 80.49%, 72.67%, 79.80%, 77.20%, and 71.77%, respectively. The top 5 predictors in the ANN model were left ventricular ejection fraction, the number of implanted stents, age, diabetes, and the number of vessels with coronary artery disease.

Conclusions
The ANN model showed good MACE prediction after PCI for patients with AMI. The use of machine learning–based prediction models may improve patient management and outcomes in clinical practice.
ANALISIS SIKAP SISWA TERHADAP IPA DI SMP KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Astalini Astalini , Kurniawan Nugroho 
Published: September 2023

<strong><em>Tujuan: </em></strong><em>Sikap berupa ungkapan suka ataupun tidak suka dan ungkapan menerima ataupun menolak suatu objek. Sikap menerima dilambangkan dengan sikap positif dan sikap menolak dilambangakan dengan sikap negatifÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan sikap siswa berdasarkan tiga indikator sikap di SMP di Muaro Jambi. <strong>Metode Penelitian</strong>: Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian survey. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket yang berfokus pada tiga indikator yang terdiri dari 26 pernyataan dan juga wawancara. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 2815 SMP di Muaro Jambi. <strong>Hasil</strong>: Hasil penelitaian tiga indikator sikap yang menjadi fokus penelitian dominan pada kategori baik. Imlpkasi sosial dari IPA menunjukkan kategori sangat baik dengan pesentase kategori 53,2%.Â Kesenangan dalam belajar sains menunjukkan kategori baik dengan persentase 48,1%. Ketertarikan berkarir dibidag fisika berkategori cukup dengan persentase kategori sebesar 41,8 %. <strong>Implikasi:Â </strong>Penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan terlihat bahwa sikap siswa di Sekolam Menengah Pertama berkategori baik, karena tiga indikator yang di teliti menunjukkan kategori baik</em>.
Comparative Effectiveness of Aspirin Dosing in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: A Subgroup Analysis of the ADAPTABLE Trial
Authors: Narcisse Dennis I. , Kim Hwasoon , Wruck Lisa M. , Stebbins Amanda L. , Muñoz Daniel , Kripalani Sunil , Effron Mark B. , Gupta Kamal , Anderson R. David , Jain Sandeep K. , Girotra Saket , Whittle Jeff , Benziger Catherine P. , Farrehi Peter , Zhou Li , Polonsky Tamar S. , Ahmad Faraz S. , Roe Matthew T. , Rothman Russell L. , Harrington Robert A. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Jones W. Schuyler 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and concomitant atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) must be on the most effective dose of aspirin to mitigate risk of future adverse cardiovascular events.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
ADAPTABLE, an open-label, pragmatic study, randomized patients with stable, chronic ASCVD to 81 mg or 325 mg of daily aspirin. The effects of aspirin dosing was assessed on the primary effectiveness outcome, a composite of all-cause death, hospitalization for myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for stroke, and the primary safety outcome of hospitalization for major bleeding. In this prespecified analysis, we used Cox proportional hazards models to compare aspirin dosing in patients with and without DM for the primary effectiveness and safety outcome.

RESULTS
Of 15,076 patients, 5,676 (39%) had DM of whom 2,820 (49.7%) were assigned to 81 mg aspirin and 2,856 (50.3%) to 325 mg aspirin. Patients with versus without DM had higher rates of the composite cardiovascular outcome (9.6% vs. 5.9%; P &lt; 0.001) and bleeding events (0.78% vs. 0.50%; P &lt; 0.001). When comparing 81 mg vs. 325 mg of aspirin, patients with DM had no difference in the primary effectiveness outcome (9.3% vs. 10.0%; hazard ratio [HR] 0.98 [95% CI 0.83–1.16]; P = 0.265) or safety outcome (0.87% vs. 0.69%; subdistribution HR 1.25 [95% CI 0.72–2.16]; P = 0.772).

CONCLUSIONS
This study confirms the inherently higher risk of patients with DM irrespective of aspirin dosing. Our findings suggest that a higher dose of aspirin yields no added clinical benefit, even in a more vulnerable population.
Cardiac Insulin Resistance in Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome Traits and Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: Devesa Ana , Fuster Valentin , Vazirani Ravi , García-Lunar Inés , Oliva Belén , España Samuel , Moreno-Arciniegas Andrea , Sanz Javier , Perez-Herreras Cristina , Bueno Héctor , Lara-Pezzi Enrique , García-Alvarez Ana , de Vega Vicente Martínez , Fernández-Friera Leticia , Trivieri Maria G. , Fernández-Ortiz Antonio , Rossello Xavier , Sanchez-Gonzalez Javier , Ibanez Borja 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE
Experimental evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with changes in cardiac metabolism. Whether this association occurs in humans is unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
821 asymptomatic individuals from the Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis (PESA) study (50.6 [46.9–53.6] years, 83.7% male) underwent two whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (18F-FDG PET-MR) 4.8 ± 0.6 years apart. Presence of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. No myocardial uptake was grade 0, while positive uptake was classified in grades 1–3 according to target-to-background ratio tertiles.

RESULTS
One hundred fifty-six participants (19.0%) showed no myocardial 18F-FDG uptake, and this was significantly associated with higher prevalence of MetS (29.0% vs. 13.9%, P &lt; 0.001), hypertension (29.0% vs. 18.0%, P = 0.002), and diabetes (11.0% vs. 3.2%, P &lt; 0.001), and with higher insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR, 1.64% vs. 1.23%, P &lt; 0.001). Absence of myocardial uptake was associated with higher prevalence of early atherosclerosis (i.e., arterial 18F-FDG uptake, P = 0.004). On follow-up, the associations between myocardial 18F-FDG uptake and risk factors were replicated, and MetS was more frequent in the group without myocardial uptake. The increase in HOMA-IR was associated with a progressive decrease in myocardial uptake (P &lt; 0.001). In 82% of subjects, the categorization according to presence/absence of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake did not change between baseline and follow-up. MetS regression on follow-up was associated with a significant (P &lt; 0.001) increase in myocardial uptake.

CONCLUSIONS
Apparently healthy individuals without cardiac 18F-FDG uptake have higher HOMA-IR and higher prevalence of MetS traits, cardiovascular risk factors, and early atherosclerosis. An improvement in cardiometabolic profile is associated with the recovery of myocardial 18F-FDG uptake at follow-up.
Flowering Behavior, Fruit Harvesting Age and Proximate Levels of the Flesh of the West Sumatera Superior Avocado
Authors: Ihsan Farihul , Hardiati Sri , Putu Indriyani Ni Luh 
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to determine flowering behavior, fruit harvesting age and proximate levels of the flesh of the four West Sumatera superior avocado varieties, i.e: Mega Gagauan, Mega Murapi, Mega Paninggahan and Tongar. The research was conducted in Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute from October 2020 to August 2022. The plant materials was used Mega Gagagauan, Mega Murapi, Mega Paninggahan and Tongar which 2 trees each variety. Parameters observed i.e: flower type, blooming time, fruit age, fruit character, and proximate content of flesh. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Mega Gagauan, Mega Murapi and Mega Paninggahan had type B flowers, while Tongar had type A flowers. The time difference between the first and second blooms on the same day for Mega Gagauan and Mega Murapi was 1 and 2 hours, while there is no time difference in Mega Paninggahan and Tongar. The fruits harvesting age of Mega Gagauan, Mega Murapi, Mega Paninggahan, and Tongar are i.e: 161; 232; 160; and 170.42 days. Tongar had the lowest water content (73.83%) and the highest fat (15.30%), Mega Murapi had the lowest crude fiber content (2.82%), and Mega Paninggahan had the highest protein content (1.87%). Mega Paninggahan was considered the best variety based on the observed character and this research data can be used as the basic for determining actions of cultivating avocado plant.
Intelligent, Variable-rate Spray Technology Reduces Total Pesticide Output while Controlling Foliar Disease of Shumard Oak
Authors: Fessler Lauren , Xiaocun Sun , Wright Wesley C. , Zhu Heping , Fulcher Amy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAir-blast sprayers have known inefficiencies in nursery production systems. Intelligent, variable-rate spray technology aims to improve application accuracy and reduce total pesticide consumption by utilizing pulse-width modulated solenoid valves, laser scanning and ground speed sensors, and a computerized algorithm to customize spray output based on plant presence, size, shape, and density. This study used an air-blast sprayer retrofitted with this variable-rate spray technology to directly compare spray characteristics and pest control of the sprayer operated in intelligent, variable-rate mode and conventional, constant-rate mode to spray trees grown in 57 L (15 gal) containers in a multi-row pot-in-pot production system. Variable-rate mode reduced total spray volume by 43% while providing equivalent, and at times better, disease control compared to the constant-rate mode for two fungal borne diseases of Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckley). This research demonstrates the capability of variable-rate technology to reduce input costs, environmental harm, and risk of pesticide exposure while simultaneously controlling disease and maintaining saleable crops.Species used in this study: Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckley).
Histology of Adventitious Root Formation and Phytohormone Analysis of American Chestnut Cuttings
Authors: Lu Xinya , Cuarto Maxine , Liang Haiying 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The formation of adventitious roots (ARs) is a complex process. It plays an important role in the successful production of elite clones since it is a key step in the vegetative propagation of economically important horticultural woody species. The American chestnut (Castanea dentata) is a heritage species and is notoriously recalcitrant to stem rooting. As part of the efforts to understand American chestnut cuttings’ recalcitrance, we examined AR formation via histology and compared the phytohormone level profile between American chestnut and easy-to-root poplar cuttings (Populus x euramericana). It was found that ARs could be induced directly from American chestnut cuttings without callus formation. Adventitious roots of American chestnut were initiated from cambial derivatives and developed a vascular system connected with that of the stem. Compared to easy-to-root poplar, American chestnut cuttings had a low level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and a high level of cytokinin (CK), abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and oxylipin 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA). Hormone distribution between leaves and stems also differed between American chestnut and poplar. This unfavorite endogenous hormone profile may contribute to American chestnut cuttings’ recalcitrance to rooting.
Species used in this study: American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.], poplar (Populus x euramericana).
Chemicals used in this study: 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).