bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear response of N2O and N2 emissions to increasing soil nitrate availability in a tropical sugarcane soil
Authors: Kirkby Robert , Friedl Johannes , Takeda Naoya , De Rosa Daniele , Rowlings David W. , Grace Peter R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The reduction of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) to dinitrogen (N2) via denitrification and N2O source partitioning between nitrification and denitrification remain major uncertainties in sugarcane systems. We therefore investigated magnitude and product stoichiometry of denitrification and production pathways of N2O from a tropical sugarcane soil in response to increasing soil nitrate (NO3−) availability.

Methods
Microcosms were established using a tropical sugarcane soil (Qld, Australia) and emissions of N2O and N2 were measured following fertilisation with 15NO3−–N equivalent to 25, 50 and 100 μg N g−1 soil, simulating soil NO3− contents previously observed in situ, and mimicking flood irrigation by wetting the soil close to saturation.

Results
Cumulative N2O emissions increased exponentially with NO3− availability, while cumulative N2 emissions followed an exponential increase to maximum. Average daily N2 emissions exceeded 5 µg N2–N g soil−1 and accounted for > 99% of denitrification. The response of N2O suggests preferential NO3− reduction with increasing NO3− availability, increasing N2O even when NO3− levels had only a diminishing effect on the overall denitrification rate. The fraction of N2O emitted from denitrification increased with NO3− availability, and was a function of soil water, NO3− and heterotrophic soil respiration.

Conclusions
Our findings show the exponential increase of N2O driven by excess NO3−, even though the complete reduction to N2 dominated denitrification. The low N2O/(N2O + N2) product ratio questions the use of N2O as proxy for overall denitrification rates, highlighting the need for in-situ N2 measurements to account for denitrification losses from sugarcane systems.
Detecting missing teeth on PMCT using statistical shape modeling
Authors: Rahbani Dana , Fliss Barbara , Ebert Lars Christian , Bjelopavlovic Monika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe identification of teeth in 3D medical images can be a first step for victim identification from scant remains, for comparison of ante- and postmortem images or for other forensic investigations. We evaluate the performance of a tooth detection approach on mandibles with missing parts or pathologies based on statistical shape models. The proposed approach relies on a shape model that has been built from the full lower jaw, including the mandible and teeth. The model is fitted to the target, resulting in a reconstruction, in addition to a label map that indicates the presence or absence of teeth. We evaluate the accuracy of the proposed solution on a dataset consisting of 76 target mandibles, all extracted from CT images and exhibiting various cases of missing teeth or other cases, such as roots, implants, first dentition, and gap closure. We show an accuracy of approximately 90% on the front teeth (including incisors and canines in our study) that decreases for the molars due to high false-positive rates at the wisdom teeth level. Despite the drop in performance, the proposed approach can be used to obtain an estimate of the tooth count without wisdom teeth, tooth identification, reconstruction of the existing teeth to automate measurements taken as part of routine forensic procedures, or prediction of the missing teeth shape. In comparison to other approaches, our solution relies solely on shape information. This means it can be applied to cases obtained from either medical images or 3D scans because it does not depend on the imaging modality intensities. Another novelty is that the proposed solution avoids heuristics for the separation of teeth or for fitting individual tooth models. The solution is therefore not target-specific and can be directly applied to detect missing parts in other target organs using a shape model of the new target.
Preliminary Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Perinatal Mindfulness-Based Well-Being and Parenting Programs for Low-Income New Mothers
Authors: Lengua Liliana J. , Thompson Stephanie F. , Calhoun Rebecca , Long Robyn B. , Price Cynthia , Kantrowitz-Gordon Ira , Shimomaeda Lisa , Nurius Paula S. , Katz Lynn Fainsilber , Sommerville Jessica , Booth-LaForce Cathryn , Treadway Anna , Metje Alina , Whiley Dannielle J. , Moini Natasha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study examined specificity in the effects of three perinatal mindfulness-based prevention programs that differed in their timing (prenatal, postpartum) and target (maternal well-being, parenting). Effects on maternal mental health (depression, anxiety, resilience), mindfulness, and observed parenting, as well as observed, physiological, and mother-report indicators of infant self-regulation, were examined.

Methods
The programs were evaluated in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of first-time mothers (n = 188) living in low-income contexts using intention-to-treat analysis. Mothers were assigned to a prenatal well-being, postpartum well-being, parenting, or book control group. Multi-method assessments that included questionnaire, observational, and physiological measures were conducted at four time points: during pregnancy (T1) and when infants were 2–4 months (T2), 4–6 months (T3), and 10–12 months.

Results
Compared to the postpartum intervention and control groups, the 6-week prenatal well-being intervention was related to decreases in depressive symptoms during pregnancy but not postpartum, higher maternal baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), fewer intrusive control behaviors, and lower infant cortisol levels in the early postpartum period. Compared to all other groups, the postpartum parenting intervention was related to decreases in maternal anxiety and increases in responsive parenting. Some differential effects across programs might be due to differences in attendance rates in the prenatal (62%) vs. postpartum (35%) groups.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that brief mindfulness-based well-being and parenting preventive interventions can promote maternal and infant mental health in families living in low-income, high-stress settings, particularly if accessibility can be enhanced.

Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
From nano to the macro: tuning hierarchical aggregation of thermoresponsive PEG/PCL-based polyurethanes via molar mass/composition control
Authors: Polo Fonseca Lucas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAmphiphilic hyperbranched polyurethanes (HPUs) based on PEG and PCL are promising for several biomedical applications. However, the lack of control over the molar mass and composition hinders a deep understanding of the aqueous self-assembly of HPUs. In this paper, the control over the HPU molar mass and composition was provided by dynamic urea bond-mediated polymerization (DUBMP), enabling a careful evaluation of their aqueous self-assembly by 1H NMR, DLS, and Cryo-TEM. HPUs containing a single PCL block per chain self-assemble into nanoaggregates (Rh ≈ 10 nm) in water up to its cloud-point temperature (Tcp) of 34 °C. On the other hand, HPUs with more than one PCL block per chain self-assemble into nanoaggregates and their clusters below Tcp. In this case, the solution behavior can be tuned by the HPU molar mass. Increasing $$\overline{{\mathrm{M} }_{\mathrm{w}}}$$

M
w

¯

from 4 to 19 kDa, HPUs of similar composition can form colloidally stable cluster suspensions ($$\overline{{\mathrm{M} }_{\mathrm{w}}}$$

M
w

¯

= 4 kDa) and phase separate into a denser liquid aggregate–cluster phase ($$\overline{{\mathrm{M} }_{\mathrm{w}}}$$

M
w

¯

= 7 kDa) or into a highly viscous aggregate-network phase ($$\overline{{\mathrm{M} }_{\mathrm{w}}}$$

M
w

¯

= 19 kDa). This type of control over the hierarchical aggregation of HPUs was reported for the first time and is interesting for biomedical applications.
Graphical abstract
A time-accurate inflow coupling for zonal LES
Authors: Blind Marcel P. , Kleinert Johannes , Lutz Thorsten , Beck Andrea 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGenerating turbulent inflow data is a challenging task in zonal large eddy simulation (zLES) and often relies on predefined DNS data to generate synthetic turbulence with the correct statistics. The more accurate, but more involved alternative is to use instantaneous data from a precursor simulation. Using instantaneous data as an inflow condition allows to conduct high fidelity simulations of subdomains of, e.g. an aircraft including all non-stationary or rare events. In this paper, we introduce a toolchain that is capable of interchanging highly resolved spatial and temporal data between flow solvers with different discretization schemes. To accomplish this, we use interpolation algorithms suitable for scattered data in order to interpolate spatially. In time, we use one-dimensional interpolation schemes for each degree of freedom. The results show that we can get stable simulations that map all flow features from the source data into a new target domain. Thus, the coupling is capable of mapping arbitrary data distributions and formats into a new domain while also recovering and conserving turbulent structures and scales. The necessary time and space resolution requirements can be defined knowing the resolution requirements of the used numerical scheme in the target domain.
Mini-documentaries and the invited gaze: an effective way of cross-cultural communication
Authors: Zhuofan Yang , Jun Luo , Na Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe nature of mini-documentary is to be true to the story. But being true is not necessarily the replicate of the original, instead, the director can restructure the story based on the original and make it more artistic and enjoyable for the audience. It would be ideal if viewers from different walks of life can take pleasure in interpreting the film in their own ways. A recap of the documentaries about China both from home and abroad reveals either the bias or superficialness to a large extent. The long-term and systematic representation of the people and stories about China is what we need to shed the bias and the misrepresentations. This paper takes the Looking China Youth Film Project as the case to analyze a cross-cultural communication model that enables the international young filmmakers to experience and know about China.
Global Policymaking
Authors: Pouliot Vincent , Thérien Jean-Philippe 
Published: March 2023

This book analyzes the politics of global governance by looking at how global policymaking actually works. It provides a comprehensive theoretical and methodological framework which is systematically applied to the study of three global policies drawn from recent UN activities: the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, the institutionalization of the Human Rights Council from 2005 onwards, and the ongoing promotion of the protection of civilians in peace operations. By unpacking the practices and the values that have prevailed in these three cases, the authors demonstrate how global policymaking forms a patchwork pervaded by improvisation and social conflict. They also show how global governance embodies a particular vision of the common good at the expense of alternative perspectives. The book will appeal to students and scholars of global governance, international organizations and global policy studies.
Stability and dynamical analysis of whirl flutter in a gimballed rotor-nacelle system with a smooth nonlinearity
Authors: Mair C. , Rezgui D. , Titurus B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhirl flutter is an aeroelastic instability that affects aircraft with propellers/rotors. With their long and flexible rotor blades, tiltrotor aircraft are particularly susceptible. Whirl flutter is known to have destroyed aircraft and in the best case it constitutes a fatigue hazard. The complexity of whirl flutter analysis increases significantly with the addition of nonlinearities, due to the more complex dynamical behaviours that emerge as a result. Most whirl flutter stability analyses in current literature are grounded in linear theory, preventing the full discovery of the nonlinearities’ effects. Continuation and bifurcation methods (CBM) may instead be used to fully appreciate and analyse the effects of the presence of nonlinearities. Previous CBM-based work on nonlinear gimballed hub rotor-nacelle models, representing those found on tiltrotor aircraft, are capable of whirl flutter in parametric regions declared safe by linear analysis. Furthermore, it was found that they are capable of complex behaviours including limit cycle oscillations, quasi-periodic behaviour and even chaos, though the whirl flutter implications of such behaviours has not been explored. This paper investigates the impact of a smooth structural nonlinearity on the whirl flutter stability of a basic gimballed rotor-nacelle model, compared to its baseline linear stiffness version. A 9-DoF model with quasi-steady aerodynamics, a flexible wing and blades that can move both cyclically and collectively in both flapping and lead-lag motions, producing gimbal flap-like behaviour, was adopted from existing literature. A smooth stiffness nonlinearity was introduced in the blade flapping stiffness and CBM was used to find the new whirl flutter behaviours created by the presence of the nonlinearity. Time simulations, Poincaré sections and spectral analysis were then used to investigate the various behaviours found. This in turn allowed recommendations to be made concerning preferable and/or hazardous parameter combinations of use to the tiltrotor designer.
Moran models and Wright–Fisher diffusions with selection and mutation in a one-sided random environment
Authors: Cordero Fernando , Véchambre Grégoire 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConsider a two-type Moran population of size N with selection and mutation, where the selective advantage of the fit individuals is amplified at extreme environmental conditions. Assume selection and mutation are weak with respect to N, and extreme environmental conditions rarely occur. We show that, as
$N\to\infty$
, the type frequency process with time sped up by N converges to the solution to a Wright–Fisher-type SDE with a jump term modeling the effect of the environment. We use an extension of the ancestral selection graph (ASG) to describe the genealogical picture of the model. Next, we show that the type frequency process and the line-counting process of a pruned version of the ASG satisfy a moment duality. This relation yields a characterization of the asymptotic type distribution. We characterize the ancestral type distribution using an alternative pruning of the ASG. Most of our results are stated in annealed and quenched form.
A Feasibility Study Investigating Mechanisms of Change in Public Mental Health Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Programmes
Authors: Frost Gemma , Strodl Esben , Swannell Sarah , Macdonald Kate , Madson Kathy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFew studies have investigated the feasibility of researching brief forms of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder (BPD) in public mental health settings. This study aimed to provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility of implementing DBT over a 6-month period for BPD symptoms within Australian public mental health services. Of the 79 participants with BPD recruited, 62 commenced and 24 participants completed the therapy. The participants attended one of three outpatient DBT programmes and completed measures of BPD symptoms, DBT skills-use, and difficulties with emotion regulation at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. A major challenge with feasibility identified was the high attrition rate (61%). However, for completers there were significant improvements in BPD symptoms, DBT skills-use, and difficulties with emotion regulation. These effect sizes were used to estimate the sample sizes needed by future larger trials of brief DBT for BPD in public health settings. The implementation of brief DBT for BPD patients within a public mental health outpatient setting, appears to result in significant reductions in BPD symptoms. However, further exploration of strategies to reduce drop-out rates are required.
Factors Impacting Readiness to Perform Secondary Population-Based Triage During the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Victoria, Australia: Pilot Study
Authors: Horn Zachary B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Pandemics generate such a significant demand for care that traditional triage methods can become saturated. Secondary population-based triage (S-PBT) overcomes this limitation. Although the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic forced S-PBT into operation internationally during the first year of the pandemic, Australian doctors were spared this responsibility. However, the second wave of COVID-19 provides an opportunity to explore the lived experience of preparing for S-PBT within the Australian context.
The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of preparing to operationalize S-PBT to allocate critical care resources during Australia’s second wave of COVID-19 in 2020.

Methods:
Intensivists and emergency physicians working during the second Victorian COVID-19 surge were recruited by purposive non-random sampling. Semi-structured interviews were hosted remotely, recorded, transcribed, and coded to facilitate a qualitative phenomenological analysis.

Results:
Six interviews were conducted with an equal mix of intensivists and emergency doctors. Preliminary findings from a thematic analysis revealed 4 themes: (1) threat of resources running; (2) informed decision requiring information; (3) making decisions as we always do; and (4) a great burden to carry.

Conclusion:
This is the first description of this novel phenomenon within Australia and, in doing so, it identified a lack of preparedness to operationalize S-PBT during the second wave of COVID-19 in Australia.
Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Long-Term Exposure on Health Care Workers from a North West Italian Hospital
Authors: Caramello Valeria , Gariglio Valeria , Di Salvo Gabriele , Maina Giuseppe , Boccuzzi Adriana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To assess individual variation in anxiety, stress disorder, depression, insomnia, burnout, and resilience in health care workers (HCWs), 12 and 18 months after the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.

Methods:
Prospective longitudinal study.

Results:
A total of 207 HCWs (74% female, 46% physicians, 44% nurses) answered; 50% scored over the cut-off for anxiety (GAD-7), 66% for PCL-C, 41% for depression (PHQ-9), 25% for ISI, and 15% started sleep inducers; 52% showed emotional exhaustion (EE), 68% detachment (DE), 39% professional efficacy (EF) at MBI; 27% completed the follow-up questionnaire 6 months later, showing a significant reduction in nearly all scores (GAD-7 median 11[5-15] vs 7[4-12] (P < 0.001); PCL-C 43[30-58] vs 37[24-50] (P < 0.05); PHQ-9 10[4-16] vs 6[3-12] (P < 0.001); ISI 10[4-15] vs 7[5-12](NS); MBI EE 25[16-35] vs 23 [15-31] (NS), DE 13[8-17] vs 12[8-17], EF 29[25-34] vs 30[25-34]. Living in a flat (OR 2.27 [1.10-4.81], high-intensity-of-care working (2.83 [1.15-7.16] increased risk of anxiety (GAD-7); age between 31-40 y (OR 2.8 [1.11-7.68], being a nurse (OR 3.56 [1.59-8.36] and high-intensity-of-care working (OR 8.43 [2.92-26.8] increased risk of pathological stress (PCL-C).

Conclusions:
Nearly half of HCWs showed psychological distress, especially nurses, women, and the youngest. A mandatory job change, increasing intensity of care, working in a COVID-19 department, and being infected were negative factors; having a partner and living in a detached house were protective. Six months later, all the psychological domains showed individual improvement.
All we like sheep: The need for reflection and reflexivity in I-O psychology
Authors: Hyland Patrick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent years, various I-O psychologists have raised concerns about the state of the field, with some arguing that we are experiencing a collective identity crisis and have lost our way. In this article, I explore why these concerns have emerged by reviewing the development of our field from a philosophy of science perspective. Then I discuss how the concepts of reflection and reflexivity can help us clarify our professional worldviews and find a way forward. I conclude by suggesting ways to incorporate reflection and reflexivity into I-O research and practice. My hope is to spark a conversation about the role that reflection and reflexivity could play in our field.
A Pandemic Instrument can Optimize the Regime Complex for AMR by Striking a Balance between Centralization and Decentralization
Authors: Weldon Isaac , Yaseen Safaa , Hoffman Steven J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobal antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently governed by a decentralized regime complex composed of multiple institutions with overlapping and sometimes conflicting principles, norms, rules, and procedures. Such a decentralized regime complex provides certain advantages and disadvantages when compared to a centralized regime. A pandemic instrument can optimize the regime complex for AMR by leveraging the strengths of both centralization and decentralization. Existing climate treaties under the UNFCCC offer lessons for achieving this hybrid approach.
Undernutrition and anaemia among Indian adolescents: role of dietary diversity and hygiene practices
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Mohanty Pratap Chandra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In 2021, the Lancet Commission on adolescent nutrition highlighted the need to prioritise the elimination of adolescent malnutrition to tap the human capital potential and break the intergenerational malnutrition trap. The nutritional requirement during adolescence reaches its peak. The present study aims to appraise the prevalence of undernutrition (stunting and thinness) and anaemia among adolescents (10–19 years) in India and the role of socioeconomic, individual-level hygiene behaviour and dietary diversity in nutritional outcomes. We have used the nationally representative Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS-2016–18) that covers children and adolescents (0–19 years) in India. The prevalence of stunting, anaemia and thinness among adolescents was 27⋅2, 28⋅5 and 24⋅1 %, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to estimate the likelihood of undernutrition. The likelihood of stunting was higher for late adolescence (OR 1⋅21, 95 % CI 1⋅15, 1⋅27), low dietary diversity (OR 1⋅37, 95 % CI 1⋅26, 1⋅49) and low hygiene behaviour compliance (OR 1⋅53, 95 % CI 1⋅42, 1⋅64). Adolescents from the poorest quintile were more likely to be stunted (OR 3⋅20, 95 % CI 2⋅94, 3⋅48), anaemic (OR 1⋅66, 95 % CI 1⋅47, 1⋅87) and thin (OR 1⋅68, 95 % CI 1⋅54, 1⋅82). We found that lower hygienic compliance was significantly associated with undernutrition and anaemia. Therefore, promoting hygienic practices should be emphasised to tackle undernutrition and anaemia. Furthermore, dietary diversity and poverty were strong predictors of stunting and thinness, therefore targeting the poor and focusing on improving dietary diversity should be the priority.