bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicators of Tobacco Dependence Among Youth: Findings From Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study
Authors: Strong David R , Glasser Allison M , Leas Eric C , Pierce John P , Abrams David B , Hrywna Mary , Hyland Andrew , Cummings K Michael , Hatsukami Dorothy K , Fong Geoffrey T , Elton-Marshall Tara , Sharma Eva , Edwards Kathryn C , Stanton Cassandra A , Sawdey Michael D , Ramôa Carolina P , Silveira Marushka L , Kimmel Heather L , Niaura Raymond S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Prior work established a measure of tobacco dependence (TD) among adults that can be used to compare TD across different tobacco products. We extend this approach to develop a common, cross-product metric for TD among youth.

Methods
One thousand one hundred and forty-eight youth aged 12–17 who used a tobacco product in the past 30 days were identified from 13 651 youth respondents in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Findings
Analyses confirmed a single primary latent construct underlying responses to TD indicators for all mutually exclusive tobacco product user groups. Differential Item Functioning analyses supported the use of 8 of 10 TD indicators for comparisons across groups. With TD levels anchored at 0.0 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.0) among cigarette only (n = 265) use group, mean TD scores were more than a full SD lower for e-cigarette only (n = 150) use group (mean = −1.09; SD = 0.64). Other single product use group (cigar, hookah, pipe, or smokeless; n = 262) on average had lower TD (mean = −0.60; SD = 0.84), and the group with the use of multiple tobacco products (n = 471) experienced similar levels of TD (mean = 0.14; SD = 0.78) as the cigarette only use group. Concurrent validity was established with product use frequency among all user groups. A subset of five TD items comprised a common metric permitting comparisons between youth and adults.

Conclusion
The PATH Study Youth Wave 1 Interview provided psychometrically valid measures of TD that enable future regulatory investigations of TD across tobacco products and comparisons between youth and adult tobacco product use group.

Implications
A measure of tobacco dependence (TD) has been established previously among adults to compare TD across tobacco products. This study established the validity of a similar, cross-product measure of TD among youth. Findings suggest a single latent TD construct underlying this measure, concurrent validity of the scale with product use frequency across different types of tobacco users, and a subset of common items that can be used to compare TD between youth and adults who use tobacco.
Evaluation of peripartum supplementation of methionine hydroxy analogue on beef cow–calf performance
Authors: Redifer Colby A , Loy Daniel D , Youngs Curtis R , Wang Chong , Meyer Allison M , Tucker Heather A , Gunn Patrick J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of peripartum supplementation of a methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) to primiparous, spring-calving beef females on dam and progeny performance. Angus heifers (n = 60) were blocked by expected parturition date, stratified by body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), and randomized to 1 of 15 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: a basal diet supplemented with 0 (M0), 15 (M15), or 30 (M30) g/animal/d of MHA (provided as MFP feed supplement, Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO). Diets were fed from 45 ± 13 (SD) d pre-calving through 81 ± 13 d postpartum (DPP), after which all cow–calf pairs were managed as a single group on pasture until weaning (199 ± 13 DPP). Dam BW, BCS, and blood samples were taken at 6 predetermined timepoints. Progeny data were collected at birth, 2 intermediate timepoints, and at weaning. Milk samples were collected for composition analysis at 7 ± 2 DPP and at 55 ± 5 DPP. Serial progesterone samples were analyzed to establish resumption of cyclicity, and ultrasonography was performed at 55 ± 5 DPP to evaluate ovarian function. Cows were bred via artificial insemination at 82 ± 13 DPP and subsequently exposed to bulls for a 55-d breeding season. Pen was the experimental unit, and preplanned orthogonal contrasts were tested (linear effect and M0 vs. M15 + M30). Dam BW and BCS were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.29) throughout the study. Week 1 milk fat concentration increased linearly (P = 0.05) and total solids tended to increase linearly (P = 0.07) as MHA increased; however, no other milk components were affected (P ≥ 0.16). Treatment did not affect (P ≥ 0.16) dam reproductive parameters or progeny growth from birth until weaning. Post-calving, circulating methionine equivalents tended to linearly increase (P = 0.10) with increasing MHA supplementation. At breeding, plasma urea N linearly decreased (P = 0.03) with increased supplementation of MHA, and plasma non-esterified fatty acids were less (P = 0.04) in MHA-supplemented dams compared with dams receiving no MHA. Maternal circulating glucose, glutathione peroxidase, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were not affected (P ≥ 0.15) by treatment at any point. These data indicate that peripartum supplementation of MHA may increase milk fat composition shortly after calving, but MHA supplementation did not improve progeny growth or dam reproductive performance in the current study.
Incivility in the Online and Hybrid Learning Environment During the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Pool Natalie , McNeill Jeanette , Dunemn Kathleen N. , Einhellig Katrina , Koithan Mary S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With the surge in online learning since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, fostering civil behavior in this environment is essential. This mixed-methods study examined online incivility among faculty and students at two schools of nursing using a quantitative survey instrument with several open-ended questions addressing the impact of the pandemic. Survey results suggested that faculty (n = 23) and students (n = 74) experienced a low frequency of online incivility that remained potentially disruptive. Qualitative analyses suggested that the pandemic placed considerable strain on nursing faculty and students while providing increased flexibility for working and learning.
Improving Patient Safety
Authors: Farrell Kathryn , Murphy Jackie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Medical errors and near-miss events continue to impact hundreds of thousands of people annually. Given this fact, it is imperative that graduate students entering a career in patient safety are confident and competent in conducting root cause analyses so that they can fix broken systems and improve patient outcomes. Using Bruner’s theory of constructivism as a framework, a virtual simulation was developed to provide online graduate nursing students an opportunity to apply classroom knowledge of root cause analyses in a virtual real-world online simulation.
Surgical correction of cubitus varus in children with a lateral closing-wedge osteotomy: a comparison between two different techniques
Authors: Masquijo Javier , Artigas Cristian , Hernández Bueno Juan Carlos , Sepúlveda Matías , Soni Jamil , Valenza Weverley , Fazal Faris , Shah Apurva S 
Published: May 2023

Objectives
The primary objective of the present study is to compare the radiographic outcomes and complications of two different techniques for lateral closing-wedge osteotomy in pediatric patients with cubitus varus.

Methods
We retrospectively identified patients treated at five tertiary care institutions: 17 underwent the Kirschner-wire (KW) technique, and 15 patients were treated with the mini external fixator (MEF) technique. Demographic data, previous treatment, pre- and postoperative carrying angle (CA), complications and additional procedures were recorded. Radiographic evaluation included assessment of the humerus-elbow-wrist angle (HEW), and the lateral prominence index (LPI).

Results
Patients treated with both KW and MEF achieved significant improvements in clinical alignment (mean pre-op CA –16 ± 6.1 degrees to mean post-op 8.9 ± 5.3 degrees, P < 0.001). There were no differences in final radiographic alignment or radiographic union time; however, time to achieve full elbow motion was faster in the MEF group (13.6 versus 34.3 weeks, P = 0.4547). Two patients (11.8%) in the KW group experienced complications, including one superficial infection and one failed correction that required unplanned revision surgery. Eleven patients in the MEF group underwent a planned second surgical procedure for hardware removal.

Conclusions
Both fixation techniques are effective at correcting cubitus varus in the pediatric population. The MEF technique may have the advantage of shorter recovery of elbow range of motion but may require sedation for hardware removal. The KW technique may present a slightly higher complication rate.
Endothelial progenitor cells and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients receiving elective coronary angiography
Authors: Liu Chung-Te , Guo Jiun-Yu , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Lu Ya-Wen , Tsai Yi-Lin , Kuo Chin-Sung , Chang Chun-Chin , Huang Po-Hsun , Chen Jaw-Wen , Lin Shing-Jong 
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose:
The association of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) with different cardiovascular diseases and their related major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) remained inconclusive. We aimed to clarify associations between the circulating EPC levels and the risk of MACE concerning different atherosclerosis-related diseases.

Methods:
This prospective cohort study was conducted from December 2009 to March 2015. Patients who underwent non-emergent coronary angiography (CAG) were included. The circulating EPC levels were measured using flow cytometry prior to the CAG procedure. The study evaluation of circulating EPC levels among patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and other comorbidities. Patients were then assigned to tertiles by circulating EPC levels to evaluate the predictive values of the development of MACEs.

Results:
The study enrolled 1099 patients, of whom, 736 (67%) were men, with a mean age of 66.7 ± 12.5 years old. Overall, 637 (58%) patients were diagnosed with obstructive CAD according to CAG. MACE occurred in 268 (24.4%) patients. Circulating EPC levels were lower in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) but not associated with the presence of obstructive CAD, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease (CKD), heart failure, and diabetes mellitus. Higher circulating EPC levels are linked with higher MACE among patients with suspected CAD, regardless of the presence or absence of obstructive CAD or CKD. The association did not present in patients with PAD.

Conclusions:
Higher circulating EPC levels are associated with a greater risk of MACE, regardless of the presence of obstructive CAD or CKD. This association was not apparent in the patients with PAD, suggesting impaired endothelial repair in these patients.
Starting from scratch
Authors: Lai Alden Yuanhong , Larson Jeffrey D. , DePuccio Matthew J. , Hilligoss Brian 
Published: May 2023

Background
Health care organizations are constantly creating new work to achieve evolving goals such as digitalization, equity, value, or well-being. However, scholars have paid less attention to how such work becomes “work” in the first place, despite implications for the design, quality, and experience of work and, consequently, employee and organizational outcomes.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate how new work becomes enacted in health care organizations.

Methodology
A longitudinal, qualitative case study on the enactment of entrance screening—a new operation in response to COVID-19—in a multihospital academic medical center was performed.

Results
Entrance screening comprised four tasks, whose design was initially influenced by institutional guidelines (e.g., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations) and clinical experts. Organizational-level influences (e.g., resource availability) then became more prominent, necessitating multiple feedback–response loops to calibrate the performance of entrance screening. Finally, entrance screening was integrated into existing operations of the organization to ensure operational sustainability. The treatment of entrance screening as an operation changed over time—initially seen as infection control work, it eventually bifurcated into patient care and clerical work.

Conclusion
The enactment of new work is constrained by the fit between resources and its intended output. Furthermore, the schema of work influences how and when organizational actors calibrate this fit.

Practice Implications
Health care leaders and managers should continuously update their schemas of work so that they can develop more sufficient and accurate representations of the employee capabilities that are required for the performance of new work.
Diurnal Variation of Visual Acuity and Refraction in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Brandi-Dohrn Franziska , Jiang Jana , Grewing Viviane , Fritz Marianne , Zander Daniel , Lieberum Judith-Lisa , Kladny Anne-Marie , Siegel Helena , Bixler Stephanie , Müller Claudia , Reinhard Thomas , Wacker Katrin 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
Patients with advanced Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy frequently report poor vision in the morning, which improves as the day progresses. This study quantified the amount of variation in near and distance visual acuity and refraction over the course of a day.

Methods:
This was a prospective cohort study. Best-corrected distance visual acuity and near visual acuity were tested in participants with clinically advanced Fuchs dystrophy and in controls with healthy corneas. Subjective refraction and autorefraction were conducted in a presumed steady state in the afternoon. Measurements were repeated directly after eye opening in the hospital the next morning. In a subgroup, measurements were repeated every 30 minutes for up to 2 hours.

Results:
In Fuchs dystrophy, the mean distance visual acuity was worse by −3 letters (95% confidence interval, −4 to −1) directly after eye opening in the morning compared with late afternoon. No such difference was seen in healthy corneas. In Fuchs dystrophy, visual acuity improved over the course of the study. Visual acuity in the morning could be improved with fine tuning of refraction, and refractive changes were exclusive to Fuchs dystrophy (0.5–1.0 D in spherical equivalent in 30%, >1.0 D in 2% of eyes).

Conclusions:
Distance and near visual acuity and refraction changes over the course of the day in patients with advanced Fuchs dystrophy. Although small changes in refraction may not usually require a second set of glasses for the first hours of the day, diurnal variation should be considered when determining disease severity in routine practice and in clinical trials.
Crush Injury and Simulated Flight Effects on Muscle Gene Expression in Female Mice
Authors: Schneider Barbara S. , Petereit Juli , Zhang Liyuan , Voss Joachim G. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Aeromedical evacuation provides critical care during long-distance transport of injured victims between medical facilities. Often, these victims sustain muscle trauma related to mechanical insults, such as crush. Understanding the effects of flight on injured muscle is important because the aircraft cabin represents an external environment with mild hypoxia—the cabin’s altitude is 2,438 m instead of sea level. Because mild hypobaric hypoxia can alter gene expression in normal muscle and affect recovery patterns, it is beneficial to examine whether this type of hypoxia may also alter injury-related genes.

Objective
The objective of this study was to verify the hypothesis that differential gene expression occurs in response to mild hypobaric hypoxia exposure in crush-injured muscle during two early recovery (preregeneration stage) time points.

Methods
Twenty-four female mice were anesthetized, and the right gastrocnemius muscle underwent crush injury. Approximately 24 hours later, mice were exposed to normobaric normoxia or hypobaric hypoxia for 8–9 hours. After 32 or 48 hours of recovery, the mice were euthanized, and the right and left lateral gastrocnemius muscles were collected for microarray and bioinformatics analyses.

Results
The study hypothesis was verified. There were 353 highly upregulated, differentially expressed genes identified in the injured muscle compared to the uninjured muscle. Mid1 was upregulated in both pressure conditions regardless of injury status. There were 52 and 15 differentially expressed genes at 32 and 48 hours postinjury, respectively, in the hypobaric hypoxia-exposed, injured muscle compared to the normobaric normoxia-exposed, injured muscle. The macrophage gene Cd68 correlated with other leukocyte-related genes.

Discussion
These findings expand our understanding of the genetic changes that occur in muscle in response to a crush injury, including those related to the macrophage protein CD68. Nursing interventions addressing adequate functioning after crush muscle injury may need to consider the effects on Cd68 and its closely related genes. In addition, our results suggest a responsiveness of the gene Mid1 to flight-relevant hypobaric hypoxia. Changes in the expression of Mid1 may be appropriate in assessing the long-term health of flight crew members.
Patterns of Involvement of the Hand Joints in Classical Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Anderson Ronald J. , Cui Jing , Weinblatt Michael E. , Solomon Daniel H. , Naik Chinmayi , Shadick Nancy A. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Symmetrical involvement of the hand joints is described as characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Quantitative data on specific patterns of involvement are lacking.

Objective
The Brigham Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study was created for observational studies of patients with RA and afforded a unique opportunity to answer these questions.

Methods
Of 1598 subjects in the Brigham Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study cohort, 535 met the following criteria: (1) disease duration of 7 years or greater, (2) seropositive, and (3) hand radiographs available. Patterns in specific hand joints based on physical examination and radiographic findings obtained at entry were identified. The level of symmetry of involvement of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and wrist joints was determined, as was the correlation between findings on physical examination and radiographic changes in the hand joints.

Results
The prevalence of joint space narrowing and/or erosions in each proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints ranged between 11% and 18%. Joint space narrowing and/or erosions in the MCPs increased radially from the fifth to the second finger. Swelling and tenderness on physical examination of both the PIPs and MCPs also increased radially although the positive predictive value of physical examination as an indicator of joint damage decreased radially. The wrist was the most common joint involved both by physical examination (67%) and radiographically (70%). The right side was more involved radiographically. Analysis of radiographic changes in individual patients revealed that symmetrical findings in the wrists and MCPs occurred in only 67% of patients.

Conclusions
The study describes the pattern of involvement of the hand joints in patients with long standing RA. Findings of interest include symmetrical involvement in only 67% of patients and a discordancy between physical findings and radiographic changes most marked in the more radial PIP joints
Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Vasculitis as a Cause of Abdominal Pain
Authors: Yamamoto Hirotaka , Taniguchi Yoshinori 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This manuscript demonstrates that although isolated superior mesenteric artery vasculitis that also could be called as localized vasculitis of the gastrointestinal tract was rare entity, it is so significant as differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in addition to idiopathic dissection, infective arteritis, and lymphoma. This case should remind readers to consider isolated superior mesenteric artery vasculitis as a cause of (upper) abdominal pain.
Advanced Neuroimaging With Photon-Counting Detector CT
Authors: Abel Frederik , Schubert Tilman , Winklhofer Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhoton-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is an emerging technology and promises the next step in CT evolution. Photon-counting detectors count the number of individual incoming photons and assess the energy level of each of them. These mechanisms differ substantially from conventional energy-integrating detectors. The new technique has several advantages, including lower radiation exposure, higher spatial resolution, reconstruction of images with less beam-hardening artifacts, and advanced opportunities for spectral imaging. Research PCD-CT systems have already demonstrated promising results, and recently, the first whole-body full field-of-view PCD-CT scanners became clinically available. Based on published studies of preclinical systems and the first experience with clinically approved scanners, the performance can be translated to valuable neuroimaging applications, including brain imaging, intracranial and extracranial CT angiographies, or head and neck imaging with detailed assessment of the temporal bone. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current status in neuroimaging with upcoming and potential clinical applications.
Clinical Indications of Cultured Epithelial Autografts
Authors: Dhar Sarit , Chrisman Timothy , Simman Richard 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cultured epithelial autografts (CEAs) have been used for decades as a treatment for massive burn injuries. Cultured epithelial autografts allow for wounds to heal by taking a small sample and growing a patient's own epithelium in culture to create large, graftable sheets. This technique is especially useful in large wounds where donor sites are limited compared with conventional skin grafting. However, CEAs have a variety of uses in wound healing and reconstruction and have the potential to aid in the closure of several types of defects. Cultured epithelial autografts have shown applicability in large burns, chronic nonhealing wounds, ulcerating wounds of various etiologies, congenital defects, wounds requiring specialized epithelium to replace like by like, and wounds in critically ill patients. Several factors must be considered when using CEAs, such as time, cost, and outcomes. In this article, we detail the various clinical applications of CEAs and how they can be situationally advantageous outside of their original purpose.