bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The coastal transition zone is an underexplored frontier in hydrology and geoscience
Authors: Weymer Bradley A. , Everett Mark E. , Haroon Amir , Jegen-Kulcsar Marion , Micallef Aaron , Berndt Christian , Michael Holly A. , Evans Rob L. , Post Vincent 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe have better maps of the surfaces of Venus, Mars, and the Moon than of the Earth’s seafloor. There is even less information available about the geologic structure below the seafloor. In particular, the transition zone deep beneath and crossing the coastline is a very poorly studied frontier resulting from limitations of technology and logistical barriers. Here, we point out the significance of this region for understanding fundamental geologic processes, geohazards, and especially coastal aquifers. One prominent example is the increasing awareness of the importance of groundwater exchange between land and sea. This Perspective defines the region beneath the coastal transition zone, or coastal white ribbon as an underexplored frontier, and highlights the need for characterization of this critical region to depths of tens of km. We discuss available geophysical methods and their limitations with coastal groundwater used as the primary illustration. Advances in geophysical and drilling technology, coupled with numerical modeling, are needed to enable better accounting of this poorly understood component of the geosphere.
Astrocytes in the pathophysiology of neuroinfection
Authors: Zorec Robert , Verkhratsky Alexei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKey homeostasis providing cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are astrocytes, which belong to the class of cells known as atroglia, a highly heterogeneous type of neuroglia and a prominent element of the brain defence. Diseases evolve due to altered homeostatic state, associated with pathology-induced astroglia remodelling represented by reactive astrocytes, astroglial atrophy and astrodegeneration. These features are hallmarks of most infectious insults, mediated by bacteria, protozoa and viruses; they are also prominent in the systemic infection. The COVID-19 pandemic revived the focus into neurotropic viruses such as SARS-CoV2 (Coronaviridae) but also the Flaviviridae viruses including tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) causing the epidemic in South America prior to COVID-19. Astrocytes provide a key response to neurotropic infections in the CNS. Astrocytes form a parenchymal part of the blood–brain barrier, the site of virus entry into the CNS. Astrocytes exhibit aerobic glycolysis, a form of metabolism characteristic of highly morphologically plastic cells, like cancer cells, hence a suitable milieu for multiplication of infectious agent, including viral particles. However, why the protection afforded by astrocytes fails in some circumstances is an open question to be studied in the future.
Functions and specificity of bacterial carbohydrate sulfatases targeting host glycans
Authors: Luis Ana S. , Yates Edwin A. , Cartmell Alan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSulfated host glycans (mucin O-glycans and glycosaminoglycans [GAGs]) are critical nutrient sources and colonisation factors for Bacteroidetes of the human gut microbiota (HGM); a complex ecosystem comprising essential microorganisms that coevolved with humans to serve important roles in pathogen protection, immune signalling, and host nutrition. Carbohydrate sulfatases are essential enzymes to access sulfated host glycans and are capable of exquisite regio- and stereo-selective substrate recognition. In these enzymes, the common recognition features of each subfamily are correlated with their genomic and environmental context. The exo-acting carbohydrate sulfatases are attractive drug targets amenable to small-molecule screening and subsequent engineering, and their high specificity will help elucidate the role of glycan sulfation in health and disease. Inhibition of carbohydrate sulfatases provides potential routes to control Bacteroidetes growth and to explore the influence of host glycan metabolism by Bacteroidetes on the HGM ecosystem. The roles of carbohydrate sulfatases from the HGM organism Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and the soil isolated Pedobacter heparinus (P. heparinus) in sulfated host glycan metabolism are examined and contrasted, and the structural features underpinning glycan recognition and specificity explored.
Role of carbohydrate-active enzymes in mycorrhizal symbioses
Authors: Gong Yuhua , Lebreton Annie , Zhang Feng , Martin Francis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi form mutually beneficial interactions with a wide range of terrestrial plants. During this symbiosis, the associated fungus provides mineral nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, to its host plant in exchange of photosynthesis-derived carbohydrates. Genome sequencing of mycorrhizal fungi has shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ectomycorrhizal fungi have a restricted set of plant-cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) genes, while orchid and ericoid mycorrhizal fungi have an extended PCWDE repertoire similar to soil decomposers and wood-decay fungi. On the other hand, mycorrhizal fungi have retained a substantial set of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) acting on microbial polysaccharides. Functional analysis has shown that several of the remaining PCWDEs are involved in the fungal root colonization and establishment of the symbiotic interface. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge on the evolution and function of PCWDEs in mycorrhizal fungi.
Novel stability criteria for discrete‐time delayed neural networks via extended negative‐definiteness approaches of matrix‐valued quadratic function
Authors: Xie Ke‐You , Chen Wen‐Hu , Jin Li , Zhang Chuan‐Ke , He Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article investigates the stability analysis of discrete‐time neural networks with time‐varying delays by the utilization of quadratic delay information. First, three extended negative‐definiteness lemmas for matrix‐valued quadratic function with different matrices injection are established. Second, a novel delay‐product‐type Lyapunov functional with the asymmetric summation is developed to relax the positive‐definiteness of functional. Then, the proposed negative definite approaches are utilized in combination with some typical summation inequalities to realize the construction of linear matrix inequalities. Based on these improved technologies, two delay‐dependent stability criteria with less conservatism and fewer computational burdens are derived. Finally, several numerical examples are presented to show the validity and superiority of the proposed methods.
Copper loss analysis and loss separation method in a dynamic process of ultra‐high speed motor with slotless stator
Authors: Gao Qixing , Wang Xiaolin , Gu Cong , Zhang Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDifferent from the copper loss of general permanent magnet (PM) motors, the copper loss of ultra‐high‐speed permanent magnet motors (UHSPMSM) includes DC losses and eddy current losses, which lead to difficulty in analysis. In consideration of the influence of speed, wire diameter and current harmonic loss, DC copper loss and eddy current copper loss are calculated and analysed, respectively, so as to find the main excitation source of copper loss of UHSPMSM. Then, in order to calculate the Litz wire loss in a slotless stator, a Litz wire loss equivalent model is established, which can be used to accurately and quickly calculate the DC loss and eddy current loss of Litz wire independently. Finally, a copper loss separation method is designed to test copper loss of 550,000 rpm UHSPMSM considering the influence of the rotor PM flux at ultra‐high speed. The theoretical analysis and experimental results verify each other. In the end, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.
Detent force suppression of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor based on a V‐shaped tooth‐slot structure
Authors: Lan Zhiyong , Chen Lifang , Xiao Xinhui , Luo Yuanjun , Deng Meijun , Zhu Shangfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGiven the existence of detent force, the positioning accuracy of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) with an iron core worsens in its application in the field of the precision drive. To address this problem, a method is proposed to weaken the detent force of PMLSM with a V‐shaped tooth‐slot structure. The models of the detent force, including the cogging force and end force, are established theoretically. The analytical expressions of cogging force and end force are obtained by analysing the ripple rule of the motor. Then, the tooth‐slot surface of the motor with the V‐shaped tooth‐slot structure conducts infinitesimal processing. The relationship between cogging force, end force, and the V‐shaped depth of the V‐shaped tooth‐slot PMLSM is deduced, respectively, using the integration method. Furthermore, Ansoft finite element simulation software Maxwell module is used to compare the conventional PMLSM, V‐shaped magnetic pole PMLSM, and V‐shaped tooth‐slot PMLSM. The comparison reveals that the V‐shaped tooth‐slot structure has the excellent characteristic of increasing the average value of thrust while reducing the ripple of thrust caused by detent force. Finally, prototype fabrication and experiments are conducted to verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Densité osseuse et radiographie panoramique : incidences orthodontiques
Authors: Couraud Pierre 
Published: December 2022

Introduction : le panoramique dentaire tient une place prépondérante dans l'investigation radiologique et le diagnostic en orthodontie. Les examens 3D comme le CBCT font office de gold standard dans l'étude de la qualité osseuse mais tous nos cabinets n'en sont pas encore équipés. Par sa simplicité d'utilisation et d'analyse le panoramique dentaire est quant à lui présent dans l'immense majorité de nos cabinets. Par des outils simples applicables sur un cliché panoramique il est possible d'obtenir une évaluation préliminaire de la densité osseuse. C'est dans ce contexte que nous avons souhaité étudier la densité osseuse sur panoramique et en connaître les intérêts dans notre pratique quotidienne.Conclusions : l'estimation de la densité osseuse sur radiographie panoramique est utile pour la planification de nos traitements d'orthodontie, le choix des dimensions des mini-vis d'ancrage, la durée, la stabilité du traitement et la détection de l'ostéoporose.
Autotransplantation d'une dent surnuméraire en place d'incisive géminée, une décision thérapeutique construite
Authors: Dekester Guillaume , Pottier Thomas , Sorel Olivier 
Published: December 2022

L'intérêt de cette présentation d'un cas clinique réside dans la prise en compte des données de la littérature pour établir des choix complexes ainsi que pour utiliser des technologies numériques innovantes.
La malocclusion de ce patient est caractérisée par des rapports molaires de classe III d'Angle complète mais avec un surplomb incisif quasi normal sans compensation dentaire. L'équilibre squelettique est hyperdivergent avec une tendance à la classe III. L'encombrement à l'arcade mandibulaire est très marqué... Ce qui caractérise le plus ce patient, c'est la présence d'une incisive surnuméraire en position vestibulaire (11*) devant l'incisive latérale droite (12), une anomalie de forme de l'incisive centrale maxillaire gauche (21) et l'absence compensée des premières molaires maxillaires.
L'établissement de l'arbre décisionnel qui nous a conduit à extraire la 21 avec autotransplantation de la 11* surnuméraire, s'appuie sur les données de la littérature ainsi que sur la collaboration multidisciplinaire et illustre ainsi une démarche thérapeutique exemplaire.
L'expansion maxillaire avec ancrage osseuxchez l'adulte : description et cas clinique
Authors: Cuevas Paola 
Published: December 2022

L'objectif est de présenter dans un premier temps l'expansion maxillaire par ancrage osseux en décrivant trois dispositifs puis dans un deuxième temps, de montrer un cas clinique avec un traitement sans chirurgie d'un patient de 18 ans présentant une insuffisance maxillaire transversale et postéro-antérieure et une infraclusion antérieure. Le patient fût traité par disjonction rapide inter-maxillaire à appui dento-squelettique, traction postéro-antérieure du maxillaire et multiattaches. L'ancrage squelettique a permis une correction de l'insuffisance maxillaire, de l'occlusion inversée et de l'infraclusion.
Les implants d'ancrage ont permis d'éviter les effets secondaires d'un ancrage dentaire, de libérer d'autres zones de résistances et ont favorisé une ventilation nasale.
Pour conclure, l'expansion rapide sur mini-implants peut être aujourd'hui une alternative à la disjonction assistée chirurgicalement chez le jeune adulte.
Impact du degré d’interdépendance entre élèves visé par les formats de jeu sur l’engagement en EPS : l’exemple du badminton
Authors: Dieu Olivier , Llena Clément , Derigny Thibaut , Potdevin François 
Published: December 2022

Promouvoir l’activité physique (AP) en éducation physique (EP) repose, en partie, sur l’intérêt des élèves envers les situations proposées. L’EP poursuivant également la finalité de faire coopérer les élèves, concevoir des formats de jeu collectifs visant l’interdépendance entre élèves permet-il simultanément de les engager ? Considérant l’engagement comme un phénomène émergeant d’une interaction spécifique entre l’individu et son environnement, cette étude compare les effets de quatre formats de badminton, qui se distinguent par le degré d’interdépendance visé entre élèves, sur l’AP et l’intérêt en situation (IS) de 101 lycéens. L’engagement psychologique a été mesuré à l’aide d’une échelle validée d’intérêt en situation (IS) et des accéléromètres ont permis d’évaluer la quantité d’AP. Nos résultats montrent que la modification des formats de jeu n’impacte que deux dimensions de l’IS : la nouveauté et le plaisir instantané. En termes d’AP, si on ne note aucune différence entre les formats de double, des différences ont été relevées entre les formats de simple. La « ronde italienne » plait et met davantage en mouvement les élèves que la « montante descendante ». Ainsi cette étude suggère qu’un format de jeu, qui vise une interdépendance de buts entre élèves, offre une perspective de promotion de l’AP.
Essential Surgical Anatomy for Facelift
Authors: Uppal Sandeep 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is crucial for a facelift surgeon to have a comprehensive understanding of ageing-related changes on the volume, elasticity, and relative position of various facial tissues and layers. These changes lead to an alteration in the surface topography, contour, and ultimately shape of the face. The depressions and sagging of tissues created as a result of ageing then has a bearing on one's perceived age. This article describes the various layers of the face and neck affected by ageing. The fat compartments, superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), potential facial spaces, facial ligaments, and facial nerve are discussed in detail. Safe and effective execution of facelift requires a thorough understanding of the intricate relationship between the various layers of face and neck, in particular the path of facial nerve, as it negotiates between these layers. The emphasis of this article is on integrating this knowledge to generate practical tips for safe dissection, effective tissue movement, and repositioning during various type of facelift procedures.
Deep Neck Lift: Defining Anatomical Problems and Choosing Appropriate Treatment Strategies
Authors: Marten Timothy , Elyassnia Dino 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA well-contoured neck is an artistic imperative to an attractive and appealing appearance. A good neckline conveys a sense of youth, health, fitness, confidence, and vitality and lends an appearance of decisiveness, sensuality, and beauty. Neck improvement is of high priority to almost every patient seeking facial improvement, and the results of “face lift” procedures are judged largely by the outcome obtained in the neck. If the neck is not sufficiently improved, our patients will often feel we have failed them. Despite the fact that it is a common practice, it is not enough to perform submental liposuction and tighten the skin and platysma in most patients as such an approach ignores a number of anatomical problems present in many patients seeking neck improvement including excess subplatysmal fat, large submandibular glands, and digastric muscle hypertrophy and malposition. Removing subcutaneous fat and tightening skin and platysma over these problems does not correct them, and the presence or absence of each must be looked for in order to create and apply an appropriate surgical plan. Success or failure in treating the neck lies in the diagnosis of underlying problems and the application of a logical surgical plan to correct them. Any surgeon capable of identifying the anatomic basis of patient problems and forming a sound plan for their correction will achieve excellent outcomes.
Tesla Facelifting Using Energy Devices during Rhytidectomy
Authors: Gentile Richard 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTesla facelifting is the process of utilizing energy devices as surgical tools during rhytidectomy and neck lifting. Devices used for Tesla face and neck lifting include fiber lasers, radio frequency devices, high-frequency ultrasound, and plasma energy devices. Advantage of Tesla face and neck lifting include better visualization for surgical intervention due to reduced bleeding, better access to hard to access facial and neck locations, and long-term skin tightening from the subdermal energy treatment.
Variation in flowering time and flowering date stability within a cultivar of French serradella
Authors: Haling Rebecca E. , Goward Laura , Stefanski Adam , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: December 2022

Context Opportunity exists to expand serradella (Ornithopus spp.) use onto heavier, duplex soil types in permanent pasture environments of south-eastern Australia. This requires cultivars with appropriate flowering times and flowering-date stability (i.e. flowering at the same date in spring regardless of timing of the autumn break). Aim This work examined evidence of variation in flowering date and flowering-date stability in the NSW southern tablelands for a widely-used French serradella (O. sativus) cv. Margurita. Methods Seed (sourced from a commercial supplier) was sown 21 March 2019 (Canberra, ACT) and 231 individual plants were monitored for time to first flower. A subset of plants exhibiting ‘early’ or ‘late’ flowering were identified and their seeds collected. In 2020, seed from ~15 plants from each selection was sown in Canberra in late March and early May to represent an ‘early’ and a ‘later’ break of season (n = 3). Key results In the early-sown treatment, ‘early-flowering’ selections typically reached the median date of first flower (50%-flowering) from mid- to late August, while ‘late-flowering’ selections reached 50%-flowering early- to mid-September. When sown later, the ‘early-flowering’ selections began flowering from mid- to late September, while the ‘late-flowering’ selections flowered mid-September to early October. The ‘early’ selections exhibited greater flowering-date instability than ‘late’ selections and flowered particularly early when sown early. This indicated diversity within cv. Margurita for flowering-time control (e.g. vernalisation and/or photoperiod requirements). Implications Evaluating cultivars of serradellas for flowering date and flowering date stability in their target environment(s) is essential to ensure cultivars are suitably adapted to these environments.
Improving the spectral resolution and measurement range of quantum microwave electrometry by cold Rydberg atoms
Authors: Zhou Fei , Jia Fengdong , Liu Xiubin , Yu Yonghong , Mei Jiong , Zhang Jian , Xie Feng , Zhong Zhiping 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We theoretically and experimentally studied quantum microwave electrometry in a cold atomic system using Rydberg electromagnetic induction transparency (EIT) and Autler–Townes splitting (EIT-AT splitting). In cold atoms, a spectral linewidth of ∼500 kHz for EIT was achieved owing to a significant reduction in residual Doppler width, i.e. by at least an order of magnitude, compared to that in vapor cells at room temperature. Therefore, the minimum microwave electric field intensity (E
MW) that can be measured is 430 µV cm−1, which is one order higher sensitivity in the EIT-AT regime than that in vapor cells at room temperature. Unlike microwave electrometry in atomic vapor cells, EIT-AT splitting cannot be observed if E
MW is so large that the EIT-AT splitting interval

Δ

f
m

exceeds the absorption peak width of the cold atom while scanning the frequency of the probe laser (ω

p
). Moreover, EIT-AT splitting can be observed if

Δ

f
m

exceeds the natural linewidth

Γ

eg

of the intermediate states while scanning the coupling laser (ω

c
) and maintains a high spectral resolution with a high signal-to-noise ratio. While scanning ω

c
, the upper microwave electric field intensity is limited by the scanning range of our setup. Using our system, we measure the maximum field to be 21.6 mV cm−1, nearly three times higher than that of 6.8 mV cm−1 while scanning ω

p
. The results indicate that the linear range of E
MW measured using EIT-AT splitting considerably improves in cold Rydberg atoms.
Cr(OH)3 nanosheets@ZIF67 electrocatalysts prepared by electrodeposition method for efficient oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Chai Yudan , Wei Xuedong , Wang Yufen , Qiao Shuangyan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this paper, a Cr(OH)3 NSs@ZIF67 (NSs = nanosheets) electrocatalyst is prepared on foam Ni via a simple and rapid electrochemical deposition method. Excellent electrocatalytic activity of Cr(OH)3 NSs@ZIF67 is demonstrated. It can use the overpotential of 281 mV and 390 mV respectively to drive 10 mA cm−2 and 50 mA cm−2. It is observed that the Cr(OH)3 NSs@ZIF67 electrode has the highest initial current density at 1.57 V compared with the other two monomer electrodes and shows excellent stability at the end of 60 000 s. It has the largest electrochemical activity specific surface and lowest charge-transfer resistance, and M–O bonds (M = Co, Cr) and shifting of binding energy peaks at the interface lead to more active sites and more efficient electron transfer for oxygen evolution reaction. This work highlights the construction of highly efficient composite electrocatalysts composted of low-dimensional non-precious transition metal compounds and metalorganic frameworks, promoting the development of low-cost non-noble metal composites in energy chemistry.
The constraint of plasma power balance on runaway avoidance
Authors: McDevitt Christopher J. , Tang Xian-Zhu , Fontes Christopher J. , Sharma Prashant , Chung Hyun-Kyung 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In a post-thermal-quench plasma, mitigated or unmitigated, the plasma power balance is mostly between collisional or Ohmic heating and plasma radiative cooling. In a plasma of atomic mixture

{

n
α

}

with α labeling the atomic species, the power balance sets the plasma temperature, ion charge state distribution

{

n
α
i

}

with i the charge number, and through the electron temperature

T

e

and ion charge state distribution

{

n
α
i

}
,

the parallel electric field

E
∥

.

Since the threshold electric field for runaway avalanche growth

E

a
v

is also set by the atomic mixture, ion charge state distribution and its derived quantity, the electron density

n

e

,

the plasma power balance between Ohmic heating and radiative cooling imposes a stringent constraint on the plasma regime for avoiding and minimizing runaways when a fusion-grade tokamak plasma is rapidly terminated.