bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior unilateral small fenestration of lamina combined with a custom-made Y-shaped fracture reduction device for the treatment of severe thoracolumbar burst fracture：a prospective comparative study
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Zhang Dan , Zeng Fen-Lian , Ao Jun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
For the purpose of evaluating the clinical effect of a custom-made Y-shaped fracture fragment reduction device, and to assist in posterior unilateral small fenestration of lamina to reduce the fracture fragments.
Methods
In this study, 40 patients were assigned to one of two groups: the traditional reduction device group (TRG) or the Y-shaped reduction device group (YRG) (YRG). All patients underwent posterior unilateral small fenestration of the lamina and direct decompression through the spinal canal. And the operation time (OT), intraoperative blooding (IB), preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up data on the spinal stenosis rate (SSR), Cobb angle, the anterior compression ratio of injured vertebrae (ACRIV), and ASIA neurological function grade were compared between the two groups.
Result
There were no complications, including vascular and nerve injury, serious postoperative infection, internal fixation fracture, or loosening, for any of the patients. And the average follow-up time of the two groups was 14.2 months, the average operation time of the TRG was 236.6 minutes, and the average intraoperative blood loss was 357.20 ml. Moreover, the average operation time of the YRG was 190.6 min, and the average intraoperative blood loss was 241.5 ml. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of operation duration and intraoperative blood loss. The YRG's was lower than that of the TRG. Besides, there was no difference in SSR, Cobb angle, ACRIV, or neurological recovery between the two groups before or immediately after the operation or at the last follow-up.
Conclusion
The Y-shaped fracture reduction device can reduce the fracture fragments and the OT and IB stably; it also has satisfactory postoperative curative effects and clinical utility.
Measuring DEI Awareness, Empowerment, and Action Orientation: Validation of the Health Professions Educators Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Scale (HPE DEI)
Authors: Gesing Peggy , Lynch R. Jason , Burbage Amanda K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Educating students in health occupations about the need to consider DEI in their practice can lead to improved health care outcomes for all populations. Measuring health professions educators’ awareness, empowerment, and action orientation toward diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) is one step toward addressing disparities in health care. In this article, thedevelopment and examination of the psychometric properties of the Health Professions Educators Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Scale (HPE DEI) are described. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on data collected from health professions educators at seven higher education institutions in the United States. Factor analysis resulted in a three-factor structure measuring awareness, empowerment, and action orientation of health professions educators as they address issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in their teaching. The resulting scale provides a nuanced way to explore the competencies necessary for effectively considering diversity, equity, and inclusion in health professions education. The HPE DEI is adaptable for educators across degree levels and academic disciplines.
‘Its the Economy Stupid’: Predictive Theory of Belief Shift Connecting Economic Stress to Societal Polarization
Authors: Yang David , EVans James , Chattopadhyay Ishanu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Despite growing concerns about increasing societal polarization, its mechanics remain unclear. A lack of consensus in how to measure and analyze polarization, that takes more than a few hand-picked variables into consideration, have hindered progress. Our new framework (CogNet) computationally distills emergent dependencies between diverse opinions, which then allow us to infer digital twins of society-wide survey responses. In addition to enabling reliable opinion prediction at the individual level to thousands of controversial questions, CogNet allows us to objectively assess societal polarization from social survey data. Analyzing >65K US respondents from the General Social Survey, and > 3.9M European Union participants from the Eurobarometer over half a century, here we provide new evidence that faltering economies forecast greater polarization, and that affective polarizationis a precursor to ideological polarization, yielding insight into how cultural clusters fragment with economic stress, leading to widening gaps between dominant ideologies.
Recovery of copper from deposit of Kola Tembein, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebreslasie Tesfay Negassi , Berhe Goitom Gebreyohannes , Cheru Mulugeta Sisay , Tesfay Gebreyohannes Gebrehiwet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
One of the most significant sources of copper metal is malachite ore. The world's demand for copper is being positively impacted by increased extraction. However, the chemical compositions of copper in the malachite ore, which vary depending on the region, determine how well copper may be extracted. This study evaluated hydrometallurgical processing of copper metal from malachite ore of Kola Tembein, Tigray, Ethiopia. Malachite ore was processed hydrometallurgical with sulfuric acid to leach copper metal, which was then recovered using a cementation process of zinc metal. The samples were examined with XRD, EDXRF, SEM, and AAS. The rock ore sample examined by XRD contained a variety of minerals, including malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2), quartz (SiO2), Albite Ca-rich (Ca Al2Si2O8), Albite disorder (NaAlSi3O8)m etc. and the morphology of malachite ore was supported by SEM. According to the EDXRF results, the malachite ores were dominated by metal oxides of CuO (58.21), SiO2 (19.21), and Fe2O3 (5.32) by weight%. Similar spectroscopic results were shown for Turkey, China, Chile, and Nigeria malachite. The leaching experiments were optimized by BBD using the RSM to leach malachite at 2.6130 M H2SO4, 133.919 m particle size, 60 0C, and 600 rpm agitation speed, and scored 98.159%. Using the cementation process, red-brown copper metal was obtained, and waste was scored by AAS as having very low concentrations of copper (1.74 mg/L) and high concentrations of zinc ions (68.85 mg/L). Both the leaching and cementation processes are best environmentally and economically, and further purification will be needed to recover zinc from the waste
YOLO-ERF: Lightweight Object Detector for UAV Aerial Images
Authors: Wang Xin , He Ning , Hong Chen , Sun Fengxi , Han Wenjing , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The application of object detection techniques in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is an important research direction in computer vision. Because object detection in UAV aerial images needs to meet real-time requirements, a challenging problem in this technology is the trade-off between network parameters and detection accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a lightweight object detector family named YOLO-ERF. First, this paper proposes the effective receptive field (ERF) module, which can increase the convolutional kernel receptive field while preserving local details. The ERF module is then used to design a lightweight backbone to expand the network receptive field without the need for attaching additional context modules after the backbone to expand the receptive field. In addition, the proposed detectors use the ERF module to critically optimize the path aggregation network structure to improve the accuracy with reduced network parameters. Finally, a lightweight detection head is proposed to improve small object recognition in complex backgrounds. With these optimizations, the YOLO-ERF models in this paper achieved a better trade-off between accuracy and parameters than other mainstream models, achieving strong results on the VisDrone and COCO datasets. YOLO-ERF-T reduced the number of network parameters by 40.3% when compared with YOLOv7-Tiny, while increasing the average accuracy by 2.4% and 1.9%, respectively, in VisDrone and COCO datasets.
Distribution and growth of bivalve molluscs Macoma calcarea (Gmelin, 1791) in the Kara Sea
Authors: Lisitsyna Kseniya N. , Gerasimova Alexandra V. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study is devoted to the analysis of distribution and linear growth of Macoma calcarea in the southwestern part of the Kara Sea based on the results of observations (119 stations at depths from 4 to 415 m) in August-September 2012–2013. It appeared that for at least the last 100 years M. calcarea has been a characteristic component of coastal bottom communities in the southwestern part of the Kara Sea and sometimes dominated by biomass. The densest beds of M. calcarea were confined to the silty biotopes at depths less than 50 m. Within this depth range, it was possible to associate the distribution of molluscs only with the characteristics of bottom sediments. The highest values of Macoma biomass and density (up to 90 g m− 2 and 120 ind. m− 2, respectively) differed in habitats with a rather high content of silt in the bottom sediments (more than 80%), which quite logically corresponded to the trophic characteristics of this species. The influence of interspecific relationships on the distribution of Macoma was not revealed. The maximum size and age of M. calcarea (37 mm and 21 years, respectively) in the southwestern part of the Kara Sea, the average annual growth rate (about 2 mm/year) turned out to be close to those of this species in other areas of distribution. It was shown that the results of the age determination of specimens by the external morphology and inner marks (shell cross-sections) were quite comparable. Individual and group growth of Macoma were characterized by weak heterogeneity within the studied water area. The individual growth of molluscs, apparently, is mostly determined by the characteristics of the initial period of molluscan growth.
Repetitive Research: A Conceptual Space and Terminology of Replication, Reproduction, Re-Implementation, Re-Analysis, and Re-Use in Computational Literary Studies
Authors: Schöch Christof 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article is motivated by the ‘reproducibility crisis’ that is being discussed intensely in fields such as Psychology or Biology but is also becoming increasingly relevant to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities. Using the phrase ‘repetitive research’ as an umbrella term, and with the objective to provide clarity and help establish best practices in this area, this article focuses on two issues: First, the conceptual space of repetitive research is described across five key dimensions, namely those of the research question or hypothesis, the dataset, the method of analysis, the team involved, and the results. Second, building on this new description of the conceptual space and on earlier terminological work, an easily understandable terminology for recurring scenarios of repetitive research is proposed. For each scenario, its typical purpose and added value in the research process are discussed, the requirements for enabling it are described, and it is illustrated using examples from the domain of Computational Literary Studies. The key contribution of this article, therefore, is a proposal for a transparent terminology underpinned by a systematic model of the conceptual space of repetitive research.
A pilot study on metabolomic characterization of human glioblastomas and patient plasma
Authors: Liu Yin Allison , Aboud Orwa , Dahabiyeh Lina A. , Bloch Orin , Fiehn Oliver 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether recurrent GBMs are metabolically distinct from primary GBM, and whether patient plasma can be used as a liquid biopsy to reflect this difference.
Methods
In a single center cohort study, tissue and blood samples from 15 patients with glioblastoma (9 glioblastoma tissues at diagnosis, 3 pairs of tissue, and 6 pairs of plasma specimens at diagnosis and at recurrence) were analyzed.
Results
Several metabolites had significant alternations in both tumor and plasma specimens. In the tissue, the following representative metabolites had a significant increase in peak intensity at recurrence compared to diagnosis: N-alpha-methylhistamine (p = 0.037), glycerol-3-phosphate (p = 0.029), phosphocholine (p = 0.045), and succinic acid (p = 0.025). In patient plasma, metabolites that significantly increased at recurrence included: 2,4-difluorotoluene (p = 0.031), diatrizoic acid (p = 0.032), indole-3-acetate with (p = 0.029), urea (P = 0.025), pseudouridine (p = 0.042), and maltose (p = 0.035). Metabolites that significantly decreased in plasma at recurrence were: eicosenoic acid (p = 0.017), glucose-1-phosphate (p = 0.017), FA 18:2 (linoleic acid) (p = 0.017), arginine (p = 0.036), fatty acids 20:3 (homo-gamma-linolenic acid (p = 0.036), galactosamine (p = 0.007), and FA 18:3 (linolenic acid) (P = 0.012). Principal component analysis showed that the metabolomic profiles differ between tumor tissue and patient plasma.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that metabolomic profiles of human GBM tissue and patient plasma differ at diagnosis and at recurrence. Many metabolites involved in tumorigenesis and metabolomic flexibility were identified. A larger study using targeted metabolomic assay is warranted to measure the levels of these metabolites, which will help identify the metabolomic signatures in both GBM tissue and patient plasma for risk stratification, clinical outcome prediction, and development of new adjuvant metabolomic-targeting therapy.
Polarimetric study of the solar corona during the total solar eclipse on July 02, 2019 with a liquid crystal polarimeter
Authors: Liberatore Alessandro , Zender Joe , Capobianco Gerardo , Fineschi Silvano , Panasenco Olga , Tomuta Dana , Castillo Manuel , Pérez-Ayúcar Miguel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The results obtained during the total Solar Eclipse on July 2, 2019, in Chile are presented together with the Eclipse K-corona Polarimeter (EKPol). The EKPol is equipped with an electro-optically modulating Liquid Crystal Variable Retarder (LCVR) for the polarimetric observation of the solar corona. The use of this technology has been an important ground-based test for the application of this technology in space-based observatories. The usage of LCVRs in a polarization rotator configuration, allows the replacement of mechanically rotating retarders avoiding moving parts and reducing noise, failure probability, and mass. Indeed, EKPol was developed as a technology demonstrator for the Metis coronagraph on-board Solar Orbiter. The results, from the composition of the image to the electron density map evaluation, are compared and are consistent with what is obtained by other ground-based and space-based instruments, and with past EKPol campaigns.
Threshold and power of pulsed red-emitting diode lasers with a bulk active layer near p-cladding under high-temperature operation
Authors: Ryvkin Boris S. , Avrutin Eugene A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Threshold properties and pulsed output of AlGaInP visible-emitting lasers with an asymmetric waveguide structure and a bulk active layer are analysed. The effects of the current leakage, increased by the heating of the laser due to the proximity of the electrical pulse source and the Joule heating in and around this source are analysed. When optimising the laser design, waveguiding properties of the bulk active layer are shown to be important, leading to threshold currents decreasing, and injection efficiency increasing, with active layer thickness in lasers with moderately thick (< 0.1 µm) active layers. Catastrophic optical degradation is shown to set an upper limit to the optimal active layer thickness.
A Hadoop cloud-based surrogate modelling framework for approximating complex hydrological models
Authors: Ma Jinfeng , Zheng Hua , Li Ruonan , Rao Kaifeng , Yang Yanzheng , Li Weifeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hydrological simulation has long been a challenge because of the computationally intensive and expensive nature of complex hydrological models. In this paper, a surrogate modelling (SM) framework is presented based on the Hadoop cloud for approximating complex hydrological models. The substantial model runs required by the design of the experiment (DOE) of SM were solved using the Hadoop cloud. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) was fitted and verified using the high-fidelity model DOE and was then used as a case study to investigate the approximation capability in a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) surrogate model with regard to the accuracy, fidelity, and efficiency. In experiments, the Hadoop cloud reduced the computation time by approximately 86% when used in a global sensitivity analysis. PCE achieved results equivalent to those of the standard Monte Carlo approach, with a flow variance coefficient of determination of 0.92. Moreover, PCE proved to be as reliable as the Monte Carlo approach but significantly more efficient. The proposed framework greatly decreases the computational costs through cloud computing and surrogate modelling, making it ideal for complex hydrological model simulation and optimization.
Application of Benfratello's method to estimate the spatio-temporal variability of the irrigation deficit in a Mediterranean semiarid climate
Authors: Peli Marco , Rapuzzi Cesare , Barontini Stefano , Ranzi Roberto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This work presents a novel, spatially distributed, GIS-based application of Benfratello's conceptual method (developed in the 1960s) to estimate the climatic water deficit and the irrigation deficit at the field and basin scales. Explicit analytical relationships are obtained to define the deficit uncertainty on the basis of the interannual variability of temperature and precipitation. With this model, we aim at proposing a rather simple and effective tool to deal with the complicated issues of assessing the soil water balance, determining the irrigation deficit and managing the water resources in semiarid agricultural environments, in the context of climatic, land-use and anthropogenic changes. In order to test this new application, the model was applied to estimate the irrigation deficit of the Bonifica della Capitanata consortium in the Apulia region, one of the most important agricultural districts in Southern Italy and in the whole Mediterranean area, in four different historical land-use scenarios. The first results of the application seem encouraging, as by using a limited amount of parameters we estimated an irrigation demand which is in agreement with the irrigation volumes supplied by the consortium. The different land-use cases are discussed in the light of an application of the Budyko curve.
Spatio-temporal characteristics and driving factors of the meteorological drought across China based on CMIP6
Authors: Zhang Mengru , Yang Xiaoli , Pan Ming , Zhang Linyan , Fang Xiuqin , Sheffield Justin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The characteristics of meteorological drought in different river basins in China have clear spatio-temporal differences and the difference between watersheds is also reflected in the influence mechanism of meteorological drought. This study investigated the meteorological drought risk under different future emission scenarios, based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). Furthermore, we explored the influence of precipitation and temperature on meteorological drought in different basins of China in the future. Meanwhile, the uncertainty associated with CMIP6 in different watersheds is also considered. In the future, the frequency of meteorological drought events mainly shows a decreasing trend, but the drought intensity and duration increase. In China, the rate of probability change in drought's intensity was greater than drought duration and the probability distribution of drought characteristics is significantly different between the historical and the future periods. Under the low and medium emission scenarios (SSP126 and SSP245), the Joint Recurrence Period of future drought intensity and duration increases and the Recurrence Period decreases in the western and north-eastern basins. Precipitation plays a major role in the meteorological drought, especially in the northeast and southeast basins of China.
Impact of hygiene promotion intervention on acute childhood diarrhea: evidence from a cluster-randomized trial in refugee communities in Gambella Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Getachew Kabew , Alemu Bezatu Mengistie , Gebrie Geremew Sahilu , Kloos Helmut , Legesse Worku Mulat 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Diarrheal illnesses are mainly linked with poverty, and hygiene promotion programs can significantly reduce childhood diarrhea when interventions are tested in stable communities. However, there is no sufficient evidence in emergency context. Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in Teirkidi and Pugnido refugee camps. Intention to treat was applied in analyses of the results of this trial. Logistic, poison regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to evaluate changes in cluster-level hygiene behaviors and period prevalence and incidence of diarrhea with its confidence intervals (95% CI) and p &lt; 0.05 significant cutoff point. Results: The reported diarrhea episodes were 1,307 (15.6 episodes per 100 person-weeks observation) among the intervention households and 1,619 (18.9 episodes per 100 person-weeks observation) in the control households. Under-five children living in households that received hygiene promotion had a 15% [p &lt; 0.001; adjusted IRR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79 0.92] and a lower incidence of diarrhea compared with children living in control households. Conclusion: The study confirms that hygiene promotion intervention significantly reduces the incidence rate of childhood diarrhea in refugee camps. Hence, gains in the reduction of childhood diarrhea can be achieved in refugee camps through an enhanced hygiene promotion program.
Influence of the number of residents and climatic factors on residential water consumption
Authors: Reis Ricardo Prado Abreu , Rocha Dariane Gomes , de Rezende Gustavo Porto , Campos Marcus André Siqueira , Basso Raviel Eurico , Fioramonte Bruna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Water scarcity is becoming increasingly noticeable in large urban centers. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the factors that influence residential water consumption in a residential building located in the city of Goiânia, Brazil, during a pre-pandemic period of 6 months. To this end, graphical analysis, trend curves, and multiple regressions were used using the R language. The sample consisted of 43 housing units with a population of one to five people in each. Once the construction aspects of the building were fixed and the water price and the type of consumption measured, it was found that the number of residents, the monthly precipitation, and the maximum daily temperature directly influence residential water consumption.