bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofabricated copper ferrite nanoparticles: a potential nanosorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous media
Authors: Pillai Reshma R , Sreelekshmi P B , Meera A P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the present study, we describe a facile strategy for the easy removal of the heavy metal ion, Pb (II) using biosynthesized copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) Nanoparticles (Nps) prepared via a cost-effective and eco-friendly method using Pimenta dioica leaf extract. The structural characterization was performed using UV–Visible, FT-IR, XRD, XPS, TG, SEM - EDS and TEM techniques. Various characterization techniques showed that the biosynthesized CuFe2O4 nanoparticles have spherical shape with minimum aggregation and possess a size range between 7 and 16 nm. Batch experiments were carried out to analyze the adsorption efficiency of CuFe2O4 Nps by varying different experimental conditions such as pH, adsorbent dose and initial metal ion concentration. From the atomic absorption spectroscopy results, the optimum removal efficiency (99.69%) occurred at a contact time of 90 min in the solution having pH 6 with 0.06 g of nanoadsorbent. The experimental data were analyzed using adsorption isotherm and fitted with kinetic models. In the present study, we report the the highest removal efficiency of 99.69% for Pb (II) ions with minimum experimental parameters which is greater than other similar reported studies. The novel CuFe2O4 nanosorbent synthesized in the present study is highly effective in eliminating toxic pollutants. They also possess outstanding recycling characteristics for the effective removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous media.This cost-effective and ecofriendly strategy could be utilized for addressing the emerging water contamination.
Impact of fibroglandular tissue distribution and breast shape in voxelized breast models for dosimetry in mammography
Authors: Ferrauche Gabriel , Tramontin Giovanna , Massera Rodrigo T , Tomal Alessandra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. This work proposes to study the impact of different voxelized heterogeneous breast models (gaussian centered - GaussC; gaussian lower - GaussL; and fitted equation patient-based on 3D realistic distribution (Fedon et al 2021) - FitPB) for dosimetry in mammography compared to a well-established homogeneous approximation. Influence of breast outer shape also was investigated by comparing semicylindric and anthropomorphic breasts. Approach. By using the PENELOPE (v. 2018) + penEasy (v. 2020) MC code, simulations were performed to evaluate the normalized glandular dose (DgN) and the glandular depth dose (GDD(z)) for different breast characteristics and x-ray beam spectra. Main results. The average DgN overestimation caused by homogeneous tissue approximation was 33.0%, with the highest values attributed to GaussL and FitPB models, where fibroglandular tissue is concentrated deeper in the breast. The observed variation between anthropomorphic and semicylindrical breast shapes was, on average, 5.6%, legitimizing the latter approximation for breast dosimetry. Thicker breasts and lower energy beams resulted in larger overestimation caused by the homogeneous approach, while variations in DgN values among different heterogeneous models were higher for thinner breast and lower energy beams. Moreover, the depth where differences between GDD(z) for different breast models became maximum depends on the axial variation of fibroglandular tissue concentration between each model. The GDD(z) dependence results in a significant variation of the contribution of each breast depth to mean glandular dose (MGD) among the breast models studied. Significance. Intercomparison between different breast models for dosimetry can be useful for estimating more accurate MGD values for population-based dosimetry, for exploring the use of 1D gaussian distribution for breast dosimetry, and for understanding the dose distributions inside the fibroglandular tissues, which could be a novel source of information for risk estimations.
Real-time imaging of traumatic brain injury using magnetic induction tomography
Authors: Jiao Yang , Zhang Tao , Fan Chao , Cao Haiyan , Chao Min , Han Liying , Zhang Weirui , Mao Lei , Liu Ruigang , Xu Canhua , Wang Liang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Early diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is crucial for its prognosis; however, traditional computed tomography diagnostic methods rely on large medical devices with an associated lag time to receive results. Therefore, an imaging modality is needed that provides real-time monitoring, can easily be carried out to assess the extent of TBI damage, and thus guides treatment. Approach. In the present study, an improved magnetic induction tomography (MIT) data acquisition system was used to monitor TBI in an animal model and distinguish the injury level. A pneumatically controlled cortical impactor was used to strike the parietal lobe of anesthetized rabbits two or three times under the same parameter mode to establish two different rabbit models of TBI. The MIT data acquisition system was used to record data and continuously monitor the brain for one hour without intervention. Main results. A target with increased conductivity was clearly observed in the reconstructed image. The position was relatively fixed and accurate, and the average positioning error of the image was 0.013 72 m. The normalized mean reconstruction value of all images increased with time. The slope of the regression line of the normalized mean reconstruction value differed significantly between the two models (p < 0.0001). Significance. This indicates that in the animal model, the unique features of MIT may facilitate the early monitoring of TBI and distinguish different degrees of injuries, thereby reducing the risk and mortality of associated complications.
Rydberg ions in coherent motional states: a new method for determining the polarizability of Rydberg ions
Authors: Niederländer Marie , Vogel Jonas , Schulze-Makuch Alexander , Gély Bastien , Mokhberi Arezoo , Schmidt-Kaler Ferdinand 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a method for measuring the polarizability of Rydberg ions confined in the harmonic potential of a Paul trap. For a highly excited electronic state, the coupling between the electronic wave function and the trapping field modifies the excitation spectra depending on the motional state of the ion. This interaction strongly depends on the polarizability of the excited state and manifests itself in the state-dependent secular frequencies of the ion. We initialize a single trapped 40Ca+ ion from the motional ground state into coherent states with

|

α

|

up to 12 using electric voltages on the trap segments. The internal state, firstly initialised in the long-lived 3D

5

/

2

state, is excited to a Rydberg S

1

/

2

-state via the 5P

3

/

2

state in a two-photon process. We probe the depletion of the 3D

5

/

2

state owing to the Rydberg excitation followed by a decay into the internal ground 4S

1

/

2

state. By analysing the obtained spectra we extract the polarizability of Rydberg states which agree with numerical calculations. The method is applicable to different Rydberg states regardless of their principal or angular quantum numbers. An accurate value of the state polarizability is needed for quantum gate operations with Rydberg ion crystals.
High-precision time–frequency synchronization in Ethernet communication networks
Authors: Shi Jiawen , Yang Fei , Cao Kang , Sun Yanguang , Cai Haiwen , Chen Weibiao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Currently, many applications require not only high-speed communication, but also high-precision time–frequency synchronization. However, the simultaneous transmission and exchange of digital time signals with continuous analog frequency signals face challenges in large-scale Ethernet networks. Here we report a method to converge high-precision time–frequency synchronization and communication in fiber-optic distributed Ethernet networks. The time–frequency signals are multiplexed by wavelength division to the communication data with different optical wavelengths. The transmission error of the time–frequency signals was measured and controlled using a round-trip method. Network switching is implemented by add-drop multiplexing with a continuous wavelength selector switch and IP packets for the frequency signal and communication data, respectively. Experimental verification is carried out in a five-node network. In this network, high-precision time–frequency synchronization in Ethernet communication networks is realized. The frequency instability is less than 3 × 10−14@1 s, and the time synchronization offset is less than 70 ps with the communication rate of 1.25 Gbps. These results demonstrate the broad application prospects of the proposed method in distributed coherent detection fields with multiple nodes.
Ultrasensitive detection of methamphetamine by antibody-modified transistor assay
Authors: Cao Banpeng , Dai Changhao , Wang Xuejun , Wei Dacheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Effective detection of methamphetamine (Met) requires a fast, sensitive, and cheap testing assay. However, commercially available methods require expensive instruments and highly trained operators, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Herein, an antibody-modified graphene transistor assay is developed for sensitive and minute-level detection of Met in complex environments. The anti-Met probe captured charged targets within 120 s, leading to a p-doping effect near the graphene channel. The limit of detection reaches 50 aM (5.0 × 10−17 M) Met in solution. The graphene transistor would be a valuable tool for Met detection effective prevention of drug abuse.
Biofunctionalized semiconductor quantum dots for virus detection
Authors: Liang Yingqi , Mao Guobin , Dai Junbiao , Ma Yingxin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Virus is a kind of microorganism and possesses simple structure and contains one nucleic acid, which must be replicated using the host cell system. It causes large-scale infectious diseases and poses serious threats to the health, social well-being, and economic conditions of millions of people worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies for accurate diagnosis of virus infection to prevent disease transmission. Quantum dots (QDs) are typical fluorescence nanomaterials with high quantum yield, broad absorbance range, narrow and size-dependent emission, and good stability. QDs-based nanotechnology has been found to be effective method with rapid response, easy operation, high sensitivity, and good specificity, and has been widely applied for the detection of different viruses. However, until now, no systematic and critical review has been published on this important research area. Hence, in this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive coverage of various QDs-based virus detection methods. The fundamental investigations have been reviewed, including information related to the synthesis and biofunctionalization of QDs, QDs-based viral nucleic acid detection strategies, and QDs-based immunoassays. The challenges and perspectives regarding the potential application of QDs for virus detection is also discussed.
Plasma heating by electron cyclotron wave and the temperature effects on lower hybrid current drive on EAST
Authors: Li M.H. , Xu H.D. , Wang X.J. , Wang M. , Ding B.J. , Wu C.B. , Yan G.H. , Liu L. , Zhao L.M. , Wu Z.G. , Xu W.Y. , Wu D.J. , Zhang L.Y. , Tang Y.Y. , Li H. , Wallace G.M. , Baek S.G. , Bonoli P.T. , Zang Q. , Lin S.Y. , Meng L.Y. , Zhao H.L. , Xu L.Q. , Wang M.R. , Zhang X.J. , Huang J. , Qian J.P. , Gong X.Z. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the progress in the long—pulse operation of the electron cyclotron (EC) system and the achievements in high—electron temperature plasmas by the combined EC and lower hybrid (LH) waves heating since the EC system was built in 2015. An electron temperature of up to 12 keV with a duration over 100 s was realized by the simultaneous heating of EC and LH waves at the line-averaged density

n
ˉ

e

∼ 1.8 × 1019 m−3. The plasma heating effect strongly depends on the location of EC power deposition. H-mode plasmas with solely EC wave auxiliary heating have been obtained on EAST for the first time. These H-mode discharges show an enhanced confinement factor H
98(y,2) around 1.0, which is higher than the previous H-mode using LH power alone (Xu et al 2011 Nucl. Fusion
51 072001). The total heating power is very close to the threshold value for L–H transition according to the international tokamak scaling. In addition to the temperature effects inside the separatrix, higher electron temperature produced by EC wave is found to reduce the LH power loss in the scrape-off layer due to collisional absorption, which is beneficial to further increase the LH current drive efficiency. Ray-tracing/Fokker–Planck modeling results indicate that higher electron temperature can shorten the LH wave propagation on EAST in a multiple-pass regime, thus decreasing the collisional dissipation.
DFT-continuum characterization of third-order elasticity of sI methane hydrates under pressure
Authors: Zhu Xiaodan , Guerra André , Servio Phillip , Rey Alejandro D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Methane gas hydrates (GHs) are polyhedral crystalline guest-host materials found under high pressure and low-temperature conditions, which can serve as an energy source. Previous work on methane GH material physics was limited to simple linear models, which only involves second-order elasticity. However, this is not fully suited to high-stress load conditions in technological applications and fundamental material physics. For other material systems, it has been demonstrated that third-order elasticity and pressure derivatives of second-order elasticity have a strong and hence significant correlation. To narrow a critical theory-simulation gap in gas hydrates materials research, in this work we expand prior work from second-order elastic constants (SOECs) to third-order elastic constants (TOECs). By using the open-source Python tool Elastic3rd and the DFT calculation software Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP), we found that the non-linear fitting involving TOECs gave a better overall prediction and a smaller root-mean-square deviation on pressure-strain evaluation when compared with linear fitting. In addition, the non-linear fitting provides robust results on the piezo-effect on the shear constant C44 and the ductile-to-brittle transition (P = −0.5 GPa). These results are not achievable from previous work based on a linear model and these findings prove that non-linear models, including TOECs, are needed under high pressures. In addition, this research includes a detailed analysis of the calculation of TOECs and mechanical properties to study pressure stability limits and ductile-brittle transitions. Together the results, findings, and analyses from this work are a novel and significant contribution to the material physics knowledge of gas hydrates and hydrogen-bonded crystalline materials.
Threedimensionally patterned, hierarchically and anisotropically structured bacterial cellulose
Authors: Gmach Yvonne , Van Opdenbosch Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Structuring cellulosic materials is an important step towards realizing emerging technologies, such as so-called engineered living materials, and improving on established ones, such as tissue engineering. In this work, we present a route for the preparation of cellulose monoliths exhibiting a three-dimensional pattern on the macroscopic scale, together with structural anisotropy in the cellulose fiber level. This was achieved by rheotactic growth, i.e. under flowing medium, of bacterial cellulose over a 3D-printed dissolvable template. The surrounding setup was realized using commercially available components. Here, we report on and discuss structural properties of cellulose monoliths obtained by this process, such as shrinkages during processing, the strut densities of 50 mg cm−3, preferred orientations of cellulose within the struts, and the pore size distributions, which were determined from nanoscale-precision silica replica.
Development of handheld induction heaters for magnetic fluid hyperthermia applications and in-vitro evaluation on ovarian and prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Castro-Torres Jorge L , Méndez Janet , Torres-Lugo Madeline , Juan Eduardo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective: Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a still experimental technique found to have a potential application in the treatment of cancer. The method aims to reach around 41 °C–47 °C in the tumor site by exciting magnetic nanoparticles with an externally applied alternating magnetic field (AMF), where cell death is expected to occur. Applying AMFs with high spatial resolution is still a challenge. The AMFs from current and prospective MFH applicators cover relatively large areas; being not suitable for patients having metallic implants near the treatment area. Thus, there will be a clinical need for smaller magnetic field applicators. To this end, a laparoscopic induction heater (LIH) and a transrectal induction heater (TRIH) were developed. Methods: Miniature ‘pancake’ coils were wound and inserted into 3D printed enclosures. Ovarian (SKOV-3, A2780) and prostate (PC-3, LNCaP) cancer cell lines were used to evaluate the instruments’ capabilities in killing cancer cells in vitro, using Synomag®-D nanoparticles as the heat mediators. NIH3T3 normal cell lines were also used with both devices to observe if these cells tolerated the conditions applied. Results: Magnetic field intensities reached by the LIH and TRIH were 42.6 kA m−1 at 326 kHz and 26.3 kA m−1 at 303 kHz, respectively. Temperatures reached in the samples were 41 °C by the LIH and 43 °C by the TRIH. Both instruments successfully accomplished killing cancer cells, with minimal effects on normal cells. Conclusion: This work presents the first line of handheld medical induction heaters and have the potential to be a complement to existing cancer therapies. Significance: These instruments could enable the development of MFH modalities that will facilitate the clinical translation of this thermal treatment.
In search of Pca21 phase ferroelectrics
Authors: Mao Ge-Qi , Yuan Jun-Hui , Xue Kan-Hao , Huang Jinhai , Yang Shengxin , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent years, hafnia-based ferroelectrics have attracted enormous attention due to their capability of maintaining ferroelectricity below 10 nm thickness and excellent compatibility with microelectronics flow lines. However, the physical origin of their ferroelectricity is still not fully clear, although it is commonly attributed to a polar Pca21 orthorhombic phase. The high-temperature paraelectric phases (the tetragonal phase or the cubic phase) do not possess a soft mode at the Brillouin zone center, thus the ferroelectric distortion has to be explained in terms of trilinear coupling among three phonon modes in the tetragonal phase. It is necessary to explore new materials with possible ferroelectricity due to the polar Pca21 phase, which in turn should be very helpful in evaluating the microscopic theory for ferroelectric hafnia. In this work, based on the idea of the Materials Genome Engineering, a series of hafnia-like ferroelectrics have been found, exemplified by LaSeCl, LaSeBr, LuOF and YOF, which possess adequate spontaneous polarization values and also relatively favorable free energies for the polar phase. Their common features and individual differences are discussed in detail. In particular, a promising potential ferroelectric material, Pca21 phase LuOF, is predicted and recommended for further experimental synthesis and investigation.
Practical Guide to Honest Causal Forests for Identifying Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
Authors: Jawadekar Neal , Kezios Katrina , Odden Michelle C , Stingone Jeanette A , Calonico Sebastian , Rudolph Kara , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract“Heterogeneous treatment effects” is a term which refers to conditional average treatment effects (i.e., CATEs) that vary across population subgroups. Epidemiologists are often interested in estimating such effects because they can help detect populations that may particularly benefit from or be harmed by a treatment. However, standard regression approaches for estimating heterogeneous effects are limited by preexisting hypotheses, test a single effect modifier at a time, and are subject to the multiple-comparisons problem. In this article, we aim to offer a practical guide to honest causal forests, an ensemble tree-based learning method which can discover as well as estimate heterogeneous treatment effects using a data-driven approach. We discuss the fundamentals of tree-based methods, describe how honest causal forests can identify and estimate heterogeneous effects, and demonstrate an implementation of this method using simulated data. Our implementation highlights the steps required to simulate data sets, build honest causal forests, and assess model performance across a variety of simulation scenarios. Overall, this paper is intended for epidemiologists and other population health researchers who lack an extensive background in machine learning yet are interested in utilizing an emerging method for identifying and estimating heterogeneous treatment effects.
Invited Commentary: To Make Long-Term Gains Against Infection Inequity, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Needs to Develop a More Sociological Imagination
Authors: Zelner Jon , Naraharisetti Ramya , Zelner Sarah 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In a recent article in the Journal, Noppert et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2023;192(3):475–482) articulated in detail the mechanisms connecting high-level “fundamental social causes” of health inequity to inequitable infectious disease outcomes, including infection, severe disease, and death. In this commentary, we argue that while intensive focus on intervening mechanisms is welcome and necessary, it cannot occur in isolation from examination of the way that fundamental social causes—including racism, socioeconomic inequity, and social stigma—sustain infection inequities even when intervening mechanisms are addressed. We build on the taxonomy of intervening mechanisms laid out by Noppert et al. to create a road map for strengthening the connection between fundamental cause theory and infectious disease epidemiology and discuss its implications for future research and intervention.