bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced reptile search optimization with convolutional autoencoder for soil nutrient classification model
Authors: Raman Prabavathi , Chelliah Balika J. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Soil nutrients play an important role in soil fertility and other environmental factors. Soil testing is an effective tool for evaluating soil nutrient levels and calculating the appropriate quantitative of soil nutrients based on fertility and crop requirements. Because traditional soil nutrient testing models are impractical for real-time applications, efficient soil nutrient and potential hydrogen (pH) prediction models are required to improve overall crop productivity. Soil testing is an effective method to evaluate the presence of nutrient status of soil and assists in determining appropriate nutrient quantity.

Methods
Various machine learning (ML) models proposed, predict the soil nutrients, soil type, and soil moisture. To assess the significant soil nutrient content, this study develops an enhanced reptile search optimization with convolutional autoencoder (ERSOCAE-SNC) model for classifying and predicting the fertility indices. The model majorly focuses on the soil test reports. For classification, CAE model is applied which accurately determines the nutrient levels such as phosphorus (P), available potassium (K), organic carbon (OC), boron (B) and soil pH level. Since the trial-and-error method for hyperparameter tuning of CAE model is a tedious and erroneous process, the ERSO algorithm has been utilized which in turn enhances the classification performance. Besides, the ERSO algorithm is derived by incorporating the chaotic concepts into the RSO algorithm.

Results
Finally, the influence of the ERSOCAE-SNC model is examined using a series of simulations. The ERSOCAE-SNC model reported best results over other approaches and produces an accuracy of 98.99% for soil nutrients and 99.12% for soil pH. The model developed for the ML decision systems will help the Tamil Nadu government to manage the problems in soil nutrient deficiency and improve the soil health and environmental quality. Also reduces the input expenditures of fertilizers and saves time of soil experts.
Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Chronic Time Pressure Inventory using Rasch analysis
Authors: Denovan Andrew , Dagnall Neil , Drinkwater Kenneth , Escolà-Gascón Álex 
Published: April 2023

Background
Chronic time pressure is a common source of everyday stress and anxiety. Noting this, the Chronic Time Pressure Inventory (CTPI) was designed to measure the construct within general samples. The CTPI was validated using procedures informed by classical test theory. This identified a bifactor solution, comprising a general factor encompassing two overlapping factors: Cognitive Awareness of Time Shortage and Feeling Harried. Furthermore, the CTPI demonstrated good psychometric integrity. Explicitly, internal consistency, satisfactory convergent validity with the Perceived Stress Scale, and measurement invariance. While these outcomes indicated that the CTPI was an effective measure of chronic time pressure, the scale was not subjected to analysis of item-person functioning (i.e., Rasch evaluation).

Methods
This study accordingly examined the psychometric properties of the CTPI using Rasch analysis. A general sample of 748 (595 females, 153 males) participants completed the measure online.

Results
Initial findings recommended modification of the response scale. Subsequent analyses revealed unidimensionality, adequate item/person reliability, and gender invariance. Overall, findings confirmed that the CTPI was a valid instrument for assessing perceptions of chronic time pressure within general population samples. Noting the lack of items aligning with higher ability levels, future work should develop the CTPI by adding more complex positively keyed items.
An Impressive Case Report of Pachyonychia Congenita and Short Literature Review
Authors: Asermouh Marwa , Khabba Chaimae Ait , Mehsas Zoubida , Senouci Karima 
Published: April 2023

Aims: Pachyonychia congenita is a rare genodermatosis related to mutations in the genes encoding keratins. Illustrations of such a typical case of this uncommon condition have rarely been seen in the literature, hence the interest of our case report.
Case Report: An 11-year-old girl with a history of parental inbreeding presented with painful bilateral plantar hyperkeratosis associated with significant pachyonychia of the 20 nails and other clinical signs supporting the diagnosis of pachyonychia congenita.
Discussion: Pachyonychia congenita is an autosomal dominant inherited dyskeratosis due to a mutation in the keratin genes k6a, k6b, k6c, k16 or k17. Clinical signs are dominated by pachonychia and painful palmoplantar keratoderma impacting patients' quality of life. The association with other disorders is possible. To date, treatment remains symptomatic.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of congenital pachyonychia is based on the genetic study of the mutations involved. Nevertheless, a clinical presentation as suggestive as ours allows the immediate diagnosis, thus making this article interesting.
Factors Associated with Mathematics Performance
Authors: Abalde Grace D. , Oco Richard M. 
Published: April 2023

Aims: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors associated with the academic performance of Grade 10 students during their First Quarter of school as well as the significant correlation between the factors and student academic performance in Mathematics.
Study Design: Descriptive Correlation Design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Agusan National High School in Cagayan de Or City's East 1 District during the school year: 2022 – 2023.
Methodology: The respondents were Two hundred thirty-one (231) students in Grade 10 at Agusan National High School in Cagayan de Oro City's East 1 District. This study used a researcher-made questionnaire that underwent validity and reliability testing and the academic performance of the students.
Results: The results showed that students agree with routines related to mastering Mathematics at a high level. Furthermore, there is no correlation between student study habits and Mathematics performance in terms of self-confidence, but there is a substantial positive association between the student's study habits and performance in terms of attitude. The study habits and learning techniques used by students were found to be important determinants of how well they performed in Mathematics. The researcher strongly suggested using the enhancement plan in teaching Mathematics to Junior High school students.
Conclusion: Students have a very positive attitude toward their study habits when learning Mathematics. Students felt that studying and learning Mathematics was essential. Students' success and academic growth depend heavily on their Mathematics performance.it is essential for pupils to master and comprehend its concepts. Students' study habits in terms of attitudes have an impact on how they learn Mathematics.
Surveillance of Mycotoxin contamination and Production of Aflatoxin by A. flavus in Contaminated Maize Seeds in Bihar
Authors: Ragni Kumari , Prasad Gajendra 
Published: April 2023

Aflatoxin- producing fungi like Aspergillus flavus contaminate maize crops in the agricultural field at harvest, post- harvest, and during storage making them one of the most widespread and dangerous mycotoxins. It has been directly correlated to adverse health effects, such as liver cancer in many animal species as well as plant systems.
Maize samples were collected from seven districts of Bihar viz, Begusari, East Champaran, Khagaria, Bhagalpur, Saharsa, Madhepura, and Samastipur. The collected sample was examined for associated mycoflora and aflatoxin-producing prospective of Aspergillus flavus. It was determined that A. flavus was of presiding occurrence accompanied by Penicillium spp., Fusarium, A. nigar, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Mucor and A. ochraceus. 119 strains of the total A. flavus isolates were toxigenic, producing aflatoxin B1, B2, and G1. The highest Aflatoxin is all probability due to complementary environmental conditions, undeveloped agricultural practices, poor storage circumstances of grains, and because of yearly flood problems in this region.
Determination of lower radiation dose limit for automatic measurement of adipose tissue
Authors: Grainger Andrew T. , Hasegawa Akira , Krishnaraj Arun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the lower limit of radiation dose required to measure visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volumes when a fat quantification and noise reduction techniques (NRTs) are combined. For this purpose, we utilized CT colonography (CTC) images taken at low doses and manually segmented VAT and SAT fat volumes as ground truth. In order to derive the acceptable precision of the measurements needed to estimate the lower limit of radiation dose, we estimated the effect of different positioning during CT scanning on fat measurements using manually segmented VAT and SAT against normal dose. As a result, the acceptable accuracy of SAT and VAT was found to be 94.5% and 85.2%, respectively. Using these thresholds, the lower radiation dose limit required to accurately measure SAT using 5.25‐mm slice‐thick images was 1.5 mGy of size‐specific dose estimates (SSDE), while the lower radiation dose limit required to accurately measure VAT was 0.4 mGy of SSDE. The lower dose limit for SAT and VAT combined was 1.5 mGy, which was equivalent to an estimated effective dose of 0.38 mSv. Alternatively, without noise reduction, SAT could not achieve acceptable accuracy even for images with a slice thickness of 5.25 mm, while VAT required noise reduction for images with a slice thickness of 1.25 mm, but could achieve acceptable accuracy without noise reduction for images with a slice thickness of 5.25 mm.
Simultaneous spatial and temporal regularization in low‐dose dynamic contrast‐enhanced CT cerebral perfusion studies
Authors: Murase Kenya , Nakamoto Atsushi , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo apply total generalized variation (TGV) and its combination with low‐rank and sparse decomposition (LRSD) (LTGV) to cerebral perfusion studies using low‐dose dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) CT and to quantitatively evaluate their performances through comparisons with those without any regularizers and those of total variation (TV) and its combination with LRSD (LTV) using simulation and clinical data.MethodsThe simulation study used a realistic digital brain phantom. Low‐dose DCE‐CT images were reconstructed using the regularizers and primal‐dual algorithm. Subsequently, cerebral perfusion parameter (CPP) images were generated from them. Thereafter, their quality was evaluated based on the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). Further, the accuracy of CPP estimation was evaluated through a linear regression analysis between the CPP values obtained by the above regularizers and those obtained from the noise‐free DCE‐CT images. In addition, the mean and standard deviation of the CPP were calculated (region analysis). In the clinical study, low‐dose DCE‐CT images were generated using normal‐dose images acquired from a patient, and CPP images were generated from them similar to that in the simulation study.ResultsWhen using LTV and LTGV, both PSNR and SSIM were higher than those of the other methods with increasing regularization parameter values. The results of the linear regression and region analyses demonstrated that TGV generally exhibited the best performance, followed by LTGV, and finally that of TV was significantly different from those of the other regularizers. Despite an overall consistency between the simulation and clinical results, certain inconsistencies appeared owing to the difference in generating low‐dose DCE‐CT images.ConclusionsThe results implied that TGV and LTGV were useful in improving the accuracy of CPP estimation using low‐dose DCE‐CT. This study provides an improved understanding of the performance of regularizers and is expected to aid in the selection of a suitable regularizer for low‐dose DCE‐CT perfusion studies.
Provisional practice recommendation for the management of myopathy in VCP‐associated multisystem proteinopathy
Authors: Roy Bhaskar , Peck Allison , Evangelista Teresinha , Pfeffer Gerald , Wang Leo , Diaz‐Manera Jordi , Korb Manisha , Wicklund Matthew P. , Milone Margherita , Freimer Miriam , Kushlaf Hani , Villar‐Quiles Rocio‐Nur , Stojkovic Tanya , Needham Merrilee , Palmio Johanna , Lloyd Thomas E. , Keung Benison , Mozaffar Tahseen , Weihl Conrad Chris , Kimonis Virginia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractValosin‐containing protein (VCP)‐associated multisystem proteinopathy (MSP) is a rare genetic disorder with abnormalities in the autophagy pathway leading to various combinations of myopathy, bone diseases, and neurodegeneration. Ninety percent of patients with VCP‐associated MSP have myopathy, but there is no consensus‐based guideline. The goal of this working group was to develop a best practice set of provisional recommendations for VCP myopathy which can be easily implemented across the globe. As an initiative by Cure VCP Disease Inc., a patient advocacy organization, an online survey was initially conducted to identify the practice gaps in VCP myopathy. All prior published literature on VCP myopathy was reviewed to better understand the different aspects of management of VCP myopathy, and several working group sessions were conducted involving international experts to develop this provisional recommendation. VCP myopathy has a heterogeneous clinical phenotype and should be considered in patients with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy phenotype, or any myopathy with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Genetic testing is the only definitive way to diagnose VCP myopathy, and single‐variant testing in the case of a known familial VCP variant, or multi‐gene panel sequencing in undifferentiated cases can be considered. Muscle biopsy is important in cases of diagnostic uncertainty or lack of a definitive pathogenic genetic variant since rimmed vacuoles (present in ~40% cases) are considered a hallmark of VCP myopathy. Electrodiagnostic studies and magnetic resonance imaging can also help rule out disease mimics. Standardized management of VCP myopathy will optimize patient care and help future research initiatives.
Artificial Tendrils Mimicking Plant Movements by Mismatching Modulus and Strain in Core and Shell
Authors: Farhan Muhammad , Klimm Frederike , Thielen Marc , Rešetič Andraž , Bastola Anil , Behl Marc , Speck Thomas , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMotile organs have evolved in climbing plants enabling them to find a support and, after secure attachment, to reach for sunlight without investing in a self‐supporting stem. Searching movements, the twining of stems, and the coiling of tendrils are involved in successful plant attachment. Such coiling movements have great potential in robotic applications, especially if they are reversible. Here, the underlying mechanism of tendril movement based on contractile fibers is reported, as illustrated by a function–morphological analysis of tendrils in several liana species and the encoding of such a principle in a core–shell multimaterial fiber (MMF) system. MMFs are composed of a shape‐memory core fiber (SMCF) and an elastic shell. The shape‐memory effect of the core fibers enables the implementation of strain mismatch in the MMF by physical means and provides thermally controlled reversible motion. The produced MMFs show coiling and/or uncoiling behavior, with a high reversible actuation magnitude of ≈400%, which is almost 20 times higher compared with similar stimuli for sensitive soft actuators. The movements in these MMFs rely on the crystallization/melting behavior of oriented macromolecules of SMCF.
Achieving Tunable Organic Afterglow and UV‐Irradiation‐Responsive Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Pyridine‐Substituted Triphenylamine Derivatives
Authors: Xiong Shengde , Xiong Yu , Wang Deliang , Pan Yiwen , Chen Keyao , Zhao Zheng , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmorphous polymers with ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are highly promising for various applications. Particularly, polymer‐based RTP materials with multiple functions such as color‐tunability or stimulus‐response are highly desirable for multilevel anti‐counterfeiting but are rarely reported. Herein, a facile strategy is presented to achieve a series of polymer‐based RTP materials with ultralong lifetime, multicolor afterglow, and reversible response to UV irradiation by simply embedding pyridine‐substituted triphenylamine derivatives into the polymer matrix poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively. Notably, the pyridine group with the capabilities of promoting intersystem crossing and forming hydrogen‐bonding interactions is essential for triggering ultralong RTP from the doping PVA system, among which the doping film TPA‐2Py@PVA exhibits excellent RTP property with an ultralong lifetime of 798.4 ms and a high quantum yield of 15.2%. By further co‐doping with the commercially available fluorescent dye, multicolor afterglow is obtained via phosphorescence energy transfer. Meanwhile, the doped PMMA system exhibits reversible photoactivated ultralong RTP properties under continuous UV irradiation. Finally, potential applications of these doped PVA and PMMA systems with ultralong lifetime, multicolor afterglow, and photoactivated ultralong RTP in multidimensional anti‐counterfeiting are demonstrated.
Bioinspired Hierarchical Ceramic Sutures for Multi‐Modal Performance
Authors: Katz Zachary , Yazdani Sarvestani Hamidreza , Gholipour Javad , Ashrafi Behnam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNatural suture structures, characterized by hard segments joined along a patterned weak interface, are found to provide unique toughening mechanisms for brittle bulk biological materials. Hierarchical ceramic sutures inspired by white‐tailed deer crania and diabolical ironclad beetle exoskeletons are developed using a biomimetic approach. Overlapping geometries unlock twin energy absorption mechanisms. Ceramics with Surlyn‐infiltrated precision laser‐cuts are fabricated using a semi‐automated and smart advanced manufacturing platform. A parametric study comprising four‐point bending, fracture toughness, and tensile tests is conducted to evaluate toughness, strength, and stiffness with geometrical interlocking in two hierarchical orders. Digital image correlation is utilized to analyze the local toughening mechanisms and failure modes in the fracture tests. For all three metrics, the panels with second‐order hierarchy outperform the anti‐trapezoidal equivalents. The ceramic sutures show up to 590%, 340%, and 700% improvements in energy absorption in the tensile, bending, and fracture tests, respectively, owing to the optimal first‐ and second‐order interlocking angles. The high‐order fractal interlocking at multiple scales and overlapping teeth are found to provide high flexibility and failure resistance, whereas progressive fracture mechanisms delay catastrophic failure by up to 50%. The concept of hierarchical suture can lead to industrially applied ceramic systems with tailored mechanical performances.
Facile Synthesis of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Layered Rare‐Earth Hydroxide Nanocone for Multifunctional Drug Delivery System with Fluorescence Probe and Simultaneous Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Li Junyi , Duan Junhong , He Zhenhu , Liao Yunjie , Liu Xiaohe , Rong Pengfei , Chen Gen , Wan Hao , Huang Yumin , Ma Renzhi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo fulfill the emerging demand for drug therapy, the Y/Tb/Gd ternary layered rare‐earth hydroxide nanocone is developed as a new multifunctional delivery system for one of the most popular drugs, aspirin. Dodecyl sulfate intercalation is firstly used for the drug carrier which can form hollow nanocones and owns low binding energy, leading to the facile synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid drug delivery system. The aspirin can be loaded rapidly (as short as 5 min) and released continuously (as long as 48 h) by YTG system through anion exchange, which will be favorable for sustained therapy. Meanwhile, the intercalated aspirin can enhance the green light luminescence of Tb3+ with peak position at 543 nm through energy transfer, which can be utilized as fluorescence probe to monitor the drug loading and release process. The magnetization of Gd3+ can also be improved by structural evolution induced by aspirin intercalation, which can be applied as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent simultaneously. The current research provides a novel pathway for the invention of multifunctional drug delivery system, which hopefully is to be put into service in biomedical fields in the near future.
Tuning the Bandgaps of (AlxGa1−x)2O3 Alloyed Thin Films for High‐Performance Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Fully Covered Photodetectors
Authors: Xu Xiangyu , Sheng Ziqian , Shi Jueli , Chen Xin , He Yaxin , Xu Wenjing , Zhang Xu , Chen Duanyang , Qi Hongji , Zhang Kelvin H. L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGa2O3 is a promising semiconductor for deep ultraviolet optoelectronics, because of its ultrawide bandgap of 4.85 eV. Here, the bandgap modulation of (AlxGa1−x)2O3 thin films through varying Al contents is reported –and the achievement of high‐performance photodetectors sensitive to the entire solar‐blind UV bands. It is shown that the bandgaps of (AlxGa1‐x)2O3 can be widely tuned from 4.85 eV to 5.9 eV. Solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetectors based on the (AlxGa1–x)2O3 films show detection cut‐off wavelengths varying from 263 to 236 nm, and response peaks varying from 238 to 209 nm. The photodetectors exhibit high performance with a high specific detectivity (up to 1015 Jones), low dark current (<0.35 nA), large photodark current ratio (≈107), UV–vis rejection ratio (>105), and long‐term device stability. Furthermore, a combination of high‐resolution X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations is used to reveal insights into the evolution of electronic structures of (AlxGa1–x)2O3. The wide variations of the bandgap of (AlxGa1−x)2O3 mainly result from the upshift of the conduction band edges induced by the high energy Al 3s state hybridizing with the Ga 4s‐derived conduction band, while the valence band edge keeps almost the same for different Al content.
Photo‐Activated In Situ Supramolecular Reversible Self‐Assembly Based on Amphiphilic Calix[4]arene for Information Encryption
Authors: Zhang Rong , Chen Yong , Chen Lei , Zhang Yi , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotoacid sulfonato‐merocyanine (MEH) serving as a photoisomer is added in mixed solution of amphiphilic calix[4]arene (SC4A8) and tetra‐(4‐pyridylphenyl) ethylene (TPE‐4Py), which not only activates the in situ supramolecular self‐assembly or disassembly, but also regulates two kinds of fluorescence emission. Benefiting from that MEH releases protons and becomes a ring‐closed isomer spiropyran (SP) under 420 nm irradiation, TPE‐4Py is protonated and then assembled with SC4A8 to form a supramolecular assembly with yellow fluorescence at 540 nm via electrostatic interactions. In the dark, SP changes to ring‐opened MEH, realizing a spontaneous disassembly accompanied by fluorescence emission at 495 nm, and thus, a photo‐activated reversible in situ supramolecular system is obtained successfully. Furthermore, Rhodamine B (RhB) acting as an energy acceptor is doped in the ternary supramolecular assembly, enabling the efficient energy transfer by the light irradiation. The formed tunable multicolor supramolecular assemblies have been successfully applied to the information encryption by 3D color codes.