bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What matters for lagging regions? The role of self‐employment and industrial diversity in distressed areas
Authors: Keeler Zachary T. , Stephens Heather M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrevious research suggests that having more self‐employed or entrepreneurs can contribute to higher levels of economic growth in distressed areas. Additionally, self‐employment in certain industries may be more beneficial to growth. Other research has linked industrial diversity to entrepreneurship and regional growth, especially in urban areas. However, the relationship between industrial diversity, self‐employment, and growth in lagging or distressed regions is less clear. To examine these linkages in distressed areas, we first identify a group of distressed counties based on historic data. Then, using detailed industry‐level self‐employment data, we appraise whether having more self‐employed from certain industries is associated with regional growth. We also analyze the relationship between industrial diversity and overall growth and the propensity to be self‐employed. The results suggest that having more self‐employment overall and in some key industries is associated with more employment growth in distressed counties. We also find that the relationship between economic diversity and self‐employment varies by industry and region.
“What use is the legislation to me?” Contestations around the meanings of gender equality in legislation and its strategic use to drive structural change in university organizations
Authors: Tildesley Rebecca , La Barbera MariaCaterina , Lombardo Emanuela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMultiple meanings of gender equality in the implementation process provide feminist actors in institutions with opportunities to contest these meanings to address resistance against gender equality policy implementation and drive structural change in organizations. Taking legislation as a key discursive resource and Spanish universities as a case study, this article analyzes how the meaning of gender equality is constructed in the relevant legislation and how feminist actors interpret and use it in their implementation efforts. Despite a women approach predominating in the legislation, feminist actors contest and reinterpret these meanings to push for a more transformative gender approach in their institutions. They strategically use the legislation, molding it to their preferred approach, to negotiate the meaning of gender equality and to drive structural gender equality actions and demand institutional compliance.
Evaluation of Strategies to Remediate Mixed Wastes at an Industrial Site in Brazil
Authors: Barreto Paola , Lemes Maria , Jimenez Jimena , Mack E. Erin , Henderson James , Freedman David L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComplex mixtures of contaminants at hazardous waste sites often pose significant challenges for remediation. For example, within the largest industrial area in northeastern Brazil, one of the sites is contaminated with at least 26 chemicals, six of which are present in the part per million range: chlorobenzene (CB), 1,2‐dichlorobenzene (1,2‐DCB), 4‐nitrotoluene (4‐NT), 2,6‐dinitrotoluene (2,6‐DNT), 4‐isopropylaniline (4‐IPA), and 1,2‐dichloroethane (1,2‐DCA). Other chemicals of concern include 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (2,4‐DNT), 2‐ and 3‐nitrotoluene (NT), and 1,4‐dioxane. The objective of this study was to evaluate remediation strategies that include aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, along with chemical reduction and oxidation. In microcosms prepared with site soil and groundwater, aerobic biodegradation of CB, 1,2‐DCB, 2‐NT, 3‐NT, and 4‐NT was demonstrated, while the dinitrotoluene isomers, 1,2‐DCA, and 1,4‐dioxane were recalcitrant. 2,6‐DNT, 2,4‐DNT, and 4‐NT were readily reduced to amino‐toluenes under anaerobic conditions by microbes with lactate serving as the electron donor or using zero valent iron. Amino‐toluenes were amenable to chemical oxidation and/or aerobic biodegradation. This suggests a sequential treatment strategy may be the most effective remediation approach, consisting of aerobic biodegradation, followed by anaerobic reduction (abiotic or biotic) and then aerobic biodegradation and/or chemical oxidation. This approach was the most effective in a continuous flow column experiment using site soil. Batch tests with mixtures of contaminants as well as groundwater exposed to chemical oxidation revealed modest to no inhibitory effects. While these mixtures may slow the rate of biodegradation, a remediation strategy that incorporates aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation is achievable.
A review on structure–property relationships in dielectric ceramics using high‐entropy compositional strategies
Authors: Chen Deqin , Zhu Xiaowei , Yang Xinrong , Yan Na , Cui Yongbao , Lei Xiuyun , Liu Laijun , Khaliq Jibran , Li Chunchun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh‐entropy strategy is a design that uses multiple elements to increase configurational entropy. As an emerging research field, high‐entropy was originally applied to metals, but it has shown great potential in inorganic nonmetallic materials. Since the first discovery of colossal dielectric permittivity in high‐entropy ceramics, it indicates that the high‐entropy strategy is feasible in dielectric ceramics. The multi‐ion solid solution will bring a broader space for the material structure and property tailoring. With the research of domestic and foreign scholars in high‐entropy dielectrics, we believe that entropic engineering can effectively regulate dielectric properties. The review paper explores the potential of the high‐entropy strategy in dielectric ceramics. It provides a detailed overview of the structural properties and the potential benefits of utilizing high‐entropy materials in dielectric ceramics. The review also covers the current research advancements in the field and provides insights into future directions for further development of high‐performance dielectric ceramics.
Protocatechuic acid prevents isoproterenol‐induced heart failure in mice by downregulating kynurenine‐3‐monooxygenase
Authors: Bai Liyan , Han Xiongyi , Kee Hae Jin , He Xiaonan , Kim Seong Hoon , Jeon Mi Jin , Zhou Hongyan , Jeong Seong Min , Kee Seung‐Jung , Jeong Myung Ho 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProtocatechuic acid (3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) prevents oxidative stress, inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of protocatechuic acid in an isoproterenol‐induced heart failure mouse model and to identify the underlying mechanisms. To establish the heart failure model, C57BL/6NTac mice were given high‐dose isoproterenol (80 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days. Echocardiography revealed that protocatechuic acid reversed the isoproterenol‐induced downregulation of fractional shortening and ejection fraction. Protocatechuic acid attenuated cardiac hypertrophy as evidenced by the decreased heart‐weight‐to‐body‐weight ratio and the expression of Nppb. RNA sequencing analysis identified kynurenine‐3‐monooxygenase (Kmo) as a potential target of protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid treatment or transfection with short‐interfering RNA against Kmo ameliorated transforming growth factor β1–induced upregulation of Kmo, Col1a1, Col1a2 and Fn1 in vivo or in neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts. Kmo knockdown attenuated the isoproterenol‐induced increase in cardiomyocyte size, as well as Nppb and Col1a1 expression in H9c2 cells or primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Moreover, protocatechuic acid attenuated Kmo overexpression–induced increases in Nppb mRNA levels. Protocatechuic acid or Kmo knockdown decreased isoproterenol‐induced ROS generation in vivo and in vitro. Thus, protocatechuic acid prevents heart failure by downregulating Kmo. Therefore, protocatechuic acid and Kmo constitute a potential novel therapeutic agent and target, respectively, against heart failure.
Polar vasculosis is associated with better kidney outcome in type 2 diabetes with biopsy‐proven diabetic kidney disease: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Shimizu Miho , Furuichi Kengo , Toyama Tadashi , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Hoshino Junichi , Kitajima Shinji , Hara Akinori , Iwata Yasunori , Sakai Norihiko , Yuzawa Yukio , Kitamura Hiroshi , Sato Hiroshi , Shibagaki Yugo , Suzuki Yoshiki , Uesugi Noriko , Ueda Yoshihiko , Kohagura Kentaro , Samejima Kenichi , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Nishi Shinichi , Nishino Tomoya , Makino Hirofumi , Matsuo Seiichi , Ubara Yoshifumi , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Wada Takashi ,   Research Group of Diabetic Nephropathy, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThis multicenter cohort study retrospectively assessed the association between polar vasculosis and the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe enrolled 811 patients with type 2 diabetes, biopsy‐proven DKD, and proteinuria (≥0.15 g/g creatinine [g/day]). The association between polar vasculosis and other kidney lesions was explored. The outcome was DKD progression defined as a composite of renal replacement therapy initiation or 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline.ResultsOf the 811 cases, 677 (83.5%) had polar vasculosis. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, subendothelial widening of the glomerular basement membrane, glomerulomegaly, glomerular class in the Renal Pathology Society classification ≥IIb, vascular lesions, age, eGFR, and hemoglobin A1c were positively associated with polar vasculosis, whereas interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) was negatively associated with polar vasculosis. During a median follow‐up of 5.2 years, progression of DKD occurred in 322 of 677 (7.4 events/100 person‐years) and 79 of 134 (11.4 events/100 person‐years) cases with and without polar vasculosis, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that polar vasculosis was associated with lower cumulative incidences of DKD progression. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that polar vasculosis was associated with a lower risk of DKD progression, regardless of eGFR or proteinuria subgroups. These associations between polar vasculosis and better kidney outcome were unchanged considering all‐cause mortality before DKD progression as a competing event.ConclusionsThis study showed that polar vasculosis of DKD was associated with less advanced IFTA and a better kidney outcome in type 2 diabetes with proteinuria.
A novel protocol for rapid deployment of heart rate data storage tags in Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus reveals cardiac responses to temperature and feeding
Authors: Rouyer T. , Bonhommeau S. , Bernard S. , Kerzerho V. , Derridj O. , Bjarnason Á. , Allal H. , Steffensen J. F. , Deguara S. , Wendling B. , Bal G. , Thambithurai D. , Mckenzie D. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT) is a highly prized species of large pelagic fish. Studies of their environmental physiology may improve understanding and management of their populations, but this is difficult for mature adults because of their large size. Biologging of heart rate holds promise in investigating physiological responses to environmental conditions in free‐swimming fishes but it is very challenging to anesthetize large ABFT for invasive surgery to place a tag in the body cavity near to the heart. We describe a novel method for rapid deployment of a commercially available heart‐rate tag on ABFT, using an atraumatic trocar to implant it in the musculature associated with the cleithrum. We performed three sequential experiments to show that the tagging method (1) is consistently repeatable and reliable, (2) can be used successfully on commercial fishing boats and does not seem to affect fish survival, and (3) is effective for long‐term deployments. In experiment 3, a tag logged heart rate over 80 days on a 60‐kg ABFT held in a farm cage. The logged data showed that heart rate was sensitive to prevailing seasonal temperature and feeding events. At low temperatures, there were clear responses to feeding but these all disappeared above a threshold temperature of 25.5°C. Overall, the results show that our method is simple, rapid, and repeatable, and can be used for long‐term experiments to investigate physiological responses by large ABFT to environmental conditions.
“Someone is Wrong About Sex on the Internet”: Online Discourse and the Role of Public Scholarship on Jewish Sexual Ethics
Authors: Epstein‐Levi Rebecca J. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTRegnant public accounts of Jewish sexual ethics—both external and internal—fall short of what they could accomplish. Using a Twitter thread on sexual ethics which falls into some key errors as a case study, I argue that Jewish ethicists are poised to address the thread's errors by offering sources for alternative moral frameworks. I examine how thinking with this Twitter thread can help us clarify what we mean by public scholarship more generally, what is wrong with some common public deployments of specifically Jewish sources, and some implications of this for both Jewish and non‐Jewish publics. I conclude with some reflections about the role of traditional academic venues, such as the Journal of Religious Ethics, within this.
The presence of the plant pathogen Fusarium graminearum as a soil inoculum enhances the rhizosphere survival of bacterial biocontrol strains aimed at the pathogen
Authors: Shahbazi Hadis , Behboudi Keivan , Olsson Stefan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe serious wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum causes both root rot and head blight. Some classical biocontrol tests were first used to explore the biocontrol ability of 39 Pseudomonas fluorescens strains. The five most antifungal strains B4, P13, UTPf127, UTPf125 and UTPf105 were selected to screen known antifungal antibiotic genes and greenhouse experiments. The ability of bacteria to colonize wheat rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth in the presence and absence of soil F. graminearum inoculum was studied under greenhouse conditions. Overall, biocontrol bacteria populations were significantly higher in both wheat endo‐and ectorhizosphere of pathogen‐inoculated soil than in healthy soil. The population of all strains differently decreased with time. On day 28, endorhizosphere populations of strain B4 could be detected in inoculated but not healthy soil, while UTPf127 populations remained high in endorhizospheres at all tested times. Isolate B4 and UTPf105 showed the most substantial plant growth in pathogen‐inoculated soil compared to pathogen‐inoculated soil without added bacteria. UTPf127‐treated plants grew better in control soil than when the pathogen was present. In contrast, UTPf125 and P13 showed little effect on plant growth. These results point to complex interactions between pathogen and biocontrol bacteria and suggest that a fungal pathogen in the soil can affect the survival of potential bacterial biological control agents. Additionally, they highlight the importance of screening and evaluating potential biocontrol bacteria against soilborne fungal pathogens by in vivo tests rather than relying on plate screenings.
Dietary phosphorus requirement of silver CARP (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) fingerlings
Authors: Tayyaba Maria , Fatima Mahroze , Shah Syed Zakir Hussain , Khan Noor , Maryam  , Ali Wazir , Riaz Muhammad Nouman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal dietary phosphorus (P) requirement and its effects on growth performance, body composition, mineralization and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). A total of 360 fish with an average initial weight of 7.0 ± 0.15 g were divided into 18 tanks (70 L capacity each) with a stocking density of 20 fish per tank in triplicate. The fish were fed diets containing six levels of P (3.3, 4.4, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.6 g/kg) up to satiation for 90 days twice daily at 09:00 and 16:00. The results showed that fish fed diets containing 6.5 and 7.5 g/kg dietary P had significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance in terms of final weight gain, average weight gain (AWG), weight gain% (WG%), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and specific growth rate (SGR) than fish fed other diets. The best value of the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in fish fed the 6.5 g/kg P diet, which was not significantly different from the 7.5 g/kg P diet. Increasing P supplementation above 6.5 g/kg significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the feed intake of silver carp. Whole‐body composition analysis indicated that increasing P levels resulted in a decrease (p < 0.05) in crude fat (CF) and an increase (p < 0.05) in crude ash (CA) content, while crude protein (CP) and moisture content remained unaffected (p > 0.05). Fish fed diets containing ≥6.5 g/kg P had significantly higher (p < 0.05) Ca content in the whole body, bones and scales compared to those fed diets containing ≤5.5 g/kg P. A similar trend was observed for P and Mg contents in the whole body, bones and scales. The Zn content tended to decrease (p < 0.05) with increasing P supplementation in the whole body and bones, but fish fed diets containing ≥6.5 g/kg P had significantly higher (p < 0.05) Zn content compared to fish fed diets containing ≤5.5 g/kg P. The Ca/P ratio was significantly affected by P supplementation. Fish fed diets containing ≥6.5 g/kg P had significantly higher (p < 0.05) Ca and P contents in the serum than fish fed other diets. ALP activity increased (p < 0.05) with increasing P levels up to 6.5 g/kg P and decreased (p < 0.05) thereafter. In conclusion, supplementing P up to 6.35 g/kg is recommended for the optimal growth of silver carp.
Child sleep problems, maternal sleep and self‐efficacy: Sleep's complicated role in maternal depression
Authors: Carroll Alyssa J. , Appleton Jessica , Harris Keith M. 
Published: July 2023

SummaryDepression, poor sleep duration and low self‐efficacy are common in mothers of children with sleep problems. However, research rarely extends beyond the postpartum period. This study investigated the multifaceted relationship between child sleep and maternal depression in early motherhood. A confidential survey assessed child sleep problems, maternal sleep duration, parental self‐efficacy and depressive symptoms in 477 Australian mothers of children aged 3 months to 5 years. We found no relationship between child age and maternal depression, supporting our decision to look beyond postpartum depression. Robust bootstrapped mediation modelling tested the hypothesis that both maternal sleep duration and parental self‐efficacy would mediate child sleep problems as predictors of maternal depression. After controlling for child age, results showed a significant parallel mediation effect, demonstrating that maternal sleep duration and parental self‐efficacy both mediate the relationship between child sleep problems on maternal depression. While the total effect of child sleep problems on maternal depression was statistically significant, after partialling out the effects of other variables, child sleep problems no longer predicted maternal depression. Akaike information criterion analyses supported the full model, with both mediators explaining meaningful variance in maternal depression. This study expands our knowledge beyond the postpartum period, and divulges the disparate effects of sleep deprivation and parental self‐efficacy on the relationship between child sleep and depression in early motherhood. Maternal sleep duration and self‐efficacy are modifiable risk factors of maternal depression, indicating possible efficacious treatments. Parental self‐efficacy stands out as a direction for clinical practice and further psychobiological study.
An undernutrition screening score for dogs with protein‐losing enteropathy: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Wootton Florence E. , Hoey Christopher S. F. K. , Woods Glynn , Schmitz Silke Salavati , Reeve Jenny , Larsen Jennifer , Kathrani Aarti 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of undernutrition in dogs with protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) caused by inflammatory enteritis, intestinal lymphangiectasia, or both and which variables are most predictive of outcome are unknown.ObjectivesDevelop an undernutrition screening score (USS) for use at the time of diagnosis of PLE in dogs, which is predictive of outcome.AnimalsFifty‐seven dogs with PLE prospectively recruited from 3 referral hospitals in the United Kingdom.MethodsAn USS based on the presence and severity of 5 variables: appetite, weight loss, and body, muscle, and coat condition and scored out of 15, with higher scores reflecting worse undernutrition, was calculated at the time of diagnosis. Follow‐up information was obtained for at least 6 months.ResultsDogs that failed to achieve clinical remission within 6 months had higher USS at diagnosis compared with dogs that achieved remission (median, 7.5; range, 2‐14 and median, 5; range, 0‐14, respectively). The USS at diagnosis gave an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.656 for predicting nonclinical remission within 6 months, whereas a score consisting of just epaxial muscle loss and coat condition resulted in a larger AUC of 0.728.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOf the 5 variables assessed in the USS, a combination of epaxial muscle loss and coat condition was most predictive of not achieving clinical remission within 6 months in dogs with PLE. Additional studies will help determine the effect of changes in USS and the 5 associated variables after diagnosis on outcome variables in these dogs.
Teachers' Mind, Brain, and Education Literacy: A Survey of Scientists' Views
Authors: Tokuhama‐Espinosa Tracey , Nouri Ali 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTWhile there is a growing interest among teachers to embed Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE) knowledge in their practice, most are still not clear about the key concepts in the field that have the potential to improve their pedagogical knowledge. The present study was conducted to identify the domains of current MBE knowledge that are important for teachers to know. Using a deductive qualitative survey design, data were collected by an online questionnaire from 112 experts of the global MBE community. Findings indicated that there are at least 18 conceptual areas of MBE literacy that need to be included in teacher professional development programs.