bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Around HIV/AIDS and other STIs Among Syrians: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alibrahim Hidar , Swed Sarya , Bohsas Haidara , Albakri Khaled , Sawaf Bisher , Elsayed Mohamed 
Published: March 2023

Background: Over 1 million new Sexual transmitted disease (STIs) are acquired daily throughout the globe, according to WHO data, with the majority of cases being asymptomatic. In Syria, statistics on STI awareness, attitude, and practice are few, and there is little information on Syrians' sexual and reproductive health concerns. The present research aims to determine which individuals factors best predict knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours about HIV/AIDS and other STIs in a Syrian population.

Method: In the Syrian governorates between August 15 and September 16, 2022, a descriptive community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out. Syrian nationality, male or female, aged at least 18 years, citizen of any Syrian governorate, and willingness to engage in the survey were the study's inclusion criteria. Based on a previous study, a modified online semi-structured questionnaire was made on Google Form and used to collect the data. The questionnaire was divided into five main section that socio-demographic information, knowledge and practice relating STIs, knowledge and practice relating HIV/AIDS, attitude toward HIV/AIDS and attitude toward STIs.

Results: The research involved 1076 individuals in total. More over half (55%) of them were women, with the majority (86%) of them being between the ages of 18 and 30. Only 739 respondents (67%) were aware of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT), and only 35% were aware of the means by which HIV infection may be prevented. The most often mentioned AIDS/HIV-related statistic was that those who have several sex partners have a greater chance of contracting HIV (92%). Furthermore, just 66% and 44%, respectively, of respondents knew how STDs are transmitted. In general, individuals' understanding of STDs was rated at 56%. Furthermore, 50% of the individuals had a positive attitude about the STD information. We used a logistic model to tease out the role of demographics and found that men were 1.43 times more likely to be aware of AIDS/HIV than women were. Additionally, residents of cities were 1.42 times more likely than residents of rural areas to be knowledgeable about STDs.

Conclusion: According to this research, Syrians' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about STIs, HIV, and other diseases were generally insufficient. This provides definitive evidence that HIV programmes need to verify that Syrian people have access to basic information about HIV/AIDS and other STIs. As a result, the health organizations should conduct both international and local helpful interventions in order to address this medical problem and enhance the awareness of the Syrian community about HIV/AIDS and other STIs illnesses as soon as possible.
Psychological Distress and Suicidal Behavior Among Medical Students at Khartoum State Universities, 2021-2022
Authors: Mohamed Musa Shima Algam , Mohamed Abeer Mamoun , Osman Sozan Mudather 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Psychological distress and suicidal behavior are mental health problems among students and necessitate research to inform strategies for prevention in this population. Although depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are common in medical students, few programs address this problem, which is needed it to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and suicidal behavior among medical students.
Methods: this is a cross sectional faculty-based study . we used Snowballing sampling technique and Kessler 10-item Questionnaire to assess psychological distress. We used SBQ-R (suicidal behavioral questionnaire _Revised) to assess suicidal behavior .The participants were students from 12 medical colleges in Khartoum state, from all academic levels.
Results: among 525 undergraduate medical students 136 (25.9%) were males and 389 (74.1%) were females, 23.3% were well, 18.7% had mild mental disorder, 19.2%had moderate mental disorder and 38.8% had severe mental disorder at the last 30 days. The higher of psychological distress was slightly significant among student in preclinical years than clinical years (P=0.08), 72% have poor risk for suicidal ideation and 28% have higher risk of suicidal behavior more significant among students in preclinical years (p= 0.02).
Conclusion: Psychological distress and suicidal behavior were more evident in pre-clinical years along with other many factor including, marital status, bad habits, chronic disease, and university type either public or private. We recommend implementing psychological and academic support programs across different undergraduate levels to enhance mental wellbeing, academic performance and prevent suicidal behavior.
Multi-Technique Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma in a Single Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Olobatoke Tunde , Nwanmah Chibueze , Ekwegbara Somtochukwu , Ayantayo Temitayo , Owagbemi Oluwafemi , Rasskazoff Serge , Sulaiman Olawale 
Published: March 2023

Background: Chronic Subdural Hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most everyday neurosurgical conditions. Unfortunately, there is no defined gold standard technique in managing cSDH, as studies show mixed results with no consensus on the superiority of a particular method. This lack of uniformity in the treatment of cSDH makes the management choice dependent on the clinical symptomatology, surgeon’s preference, and recurrence after a prior intervention.
Different management approaches are available, ranging from novel medical therapy, e.g., steroids, etizolam, tranexamic acid, angiotensin-converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEIs), to minimally invasive techniques, e.g., endovascular middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization and endoscopic treatment, to more invasive surgical approaches, e.g., twist drill craniostomy, burr hole craniostomy, and craniotomy.
A component network meta-analysis by Jack et al. showed a 10.8% recurrence rate (95% CI 10.2-11.5) across 418 studies involving different management techniques. The use of a post-operative drain and MMA embolization reduced recurrence, while the risk of morbidity was equivalent across surgical treatments.
We aim to present the multi-technique management approaches required to achieve clinical and radiological resolution in a cSDH patient.
The Case: We report the clinical course and management of a 47-year-old male with no history of trauma who presented with sudden onset of severe headaches and brain computed tomography scan finding of bilateral cSDH. He required multiple treatment techniques, starting with bilateral twist drill craniostomies and Jackson-Pratt drain insertion with the resolution of the right collection and recurrence of the left collection. He further required the placement of two left burr hole craniostomies for drainage. However, the collection recurred. He then proceeded to have a left middle meningeal artery embolization and a left craniotomy before a clinical and radiological resolution was achieved.
Conclusion: The management of cSDH is still an art and not a cookbook. Familiarity of clinicians with multiple techniques and selection based on clinical judgment is essential for improved outcomes. Appropriate patient selection for the right technique will depend on accumulating data from clinical practice and its analysis.
The Effect of Oral Magnesium Supplement on Pre-eclampsia and Perinatal Outcomes in Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Khaity Abdulrhman , Albakri Khaled , Alabdallat Yasmeen , Saleh Othman , Ghaith Hazem. S 
Published: March 2023

Background: Magnesium is one of the most important nutritional factors that have a beneficial effect on pregnant women. Many studies evaluated the role of oral magnesium supplements as a non-pharmacological intervention for mother and neonatal protection in terms of these outcomes. There is a conflict between several clinical trials about the efficacy of oral magnesium supplements during pregnancy. Therefore, in this review, we represent class 1 evidence and address an unmet clinical need on the efficacy of different types of oral magnesium in pre-eclampsia, and prenatal outcomes in pregnant women.
Method: During the preparation of this meta-analysis, we followed the PRISMA statement guidelines. A literature search of the Web of Sciences, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PubMed were conducted from inception until September 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing oral magnesium whether citrate, oxide, or aspartate hydrochloride with a placebo. The records of quality studies were screened and extracted. Additionally, the pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions data were pooled as odds ratio (OR) in a fixed-effect model using Review Manager (v.3). Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the efficacy of each type of oral magnesium on the outcomes.
Results: Five RCTs were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 2370 patients. The overall effect did not favor either of the two groups in terms of pre-eclampsia (OR= 0.99, 95% CI, [0.72, 1.37], p = 0.9), preterm birth (OR= 0.87, 95% CI, [0.62, 1.22], p = 0.4), and NICU admissions (OR= 1.37, 95% CI, [0.84, 2.22], p = 0.2). Based on the subgroup analysis findings, the use of oral magnesium supplements whether citrate, oxide, or aspartate hydrochloride in this population did not significantly increase or decrease the incidence of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and NICU admissions when compared with the control group.
Conclusion: Ultimately, oral magnesium supplementation whether citrate, oxide, or aspartate hydrochloride may not have a beneficial effect on maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Therefore, the current evidence is insufficient to confirm the efficacy of oral magnesium for care practice among pregnant women. Despite that, these results need to be affirmed by major RCTs using magnesium supplements which have related to neonatal and maternal outcomes.
A Preliminary Study of Menstrual Changes Among Jordanian Women Following COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Qawaqzeh Rana , Al-Din Shehadeh Hussam , Al-Hanaqtah Balqees , Albakri Khaled 
Published: March 2023

Background: During the last two years, the world witnessed an urgent need for vaccines to tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several side effects, mainly non-life-threatening, were reported following COVID-19 vaccination. There are increasing concerns about the potential effects of COVID-19 vaccines on menstrual cycle (MC) changes amid a paucity of scientific studies on this crucial issue. The present study aimed to assess the changes in menstrual cycle (MC) among Jordanian women after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine.
Method: An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 to 24 August 2021. The main menstruation-related complaints were identified and included in the survey tool that targeted Jordanian women who received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.
Results: A total of 633 married and unmarried women were recruited, 222 (35.1%) and 411 (64.9%), respectively. Unmarried women showed a significantly higher occurrence of menstruation dysfunctions after getting a COVID-19 vaccine compared to married women (p = 0.001). During MC, around 34.3% of participants were suffered from increasing back and abdominal pains. The most common dysfunction was a prolonged MC (24.8%), while only 16.1% experienced pre-menstruation bleeding. Additionally, 19.4% of participants stated that the MC dysfunctions last for one month, 8.7 % for two months, and 35.4% for more than two months.
Conclusion: This study showed that COVID-19 vaccines negatively affected the MC in terms of the occurrence of dysfunctions and accompanying symptoms. However, further studies are required to investigate the characteristics of women who are more likely to be affected and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects.
Assessment Syrian Population Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions Towards Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study from Syria
Authors: Jabban Yazan Khair Eldien , Swed Sarya , Bohsas Haidara , Alibrahim Hidar , Jawish Nagham , Sawaf Bisher , Hafez Wael 
Published: March 2023

Background: Based on the stroke mortality rate, Syria was ranked 98th worldwide in 2020. Approximately 80% of strokes are avoidable by managing well-known modifiable risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Due to the high prevalence of several modifiable risk factors for stroke in Syria, it is necessary to increase Syrians' understanding of strokes and encourage people to engage in healthy practices to eradicate these risk factors. This research aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and health-related perceptions of adult Syrians about stroke.

Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted between 2 September and 10 October 2022 among Syrians using an online survey to measure their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding stroke. This questionnaire was derived from a previously published article, and the inclusion criteria for this research were all Syrian residents aged 18 or older. The questionnaire utilized for this study consisted of three major sections: socio-demographic data, knowledge of stroke, and attitudes and perceptions about stroke.

RESULTS: 53.3 % of the 1,143 research participants were female. Most respondents (94.3%) recognized the brain as the organ impacted by stroke. Hypertension was the stroke's most identifiable cause and risk factor (72.8% and 73.6%, respectively). 72.8 % of participants recognized hypertension and atherosclerosis as causes of stroke. 94.3 % of survey participants accurately identified the oranges impacted by the stroke; however, only 50.1% properly identified the warning symptoms. 61.4 % of participants utilize the Internet as a source of stroke-related information. 22.3% of individuals aged 21 to 30 had identified at least one stroke warning sign. 12.58% of individuals with a high socioeconomic position have shown a solid understanding of stroke risk factors. Females were projected to be 1.55 times more knowledgeable about stroke warning signs than men (P value<0.05). It was expected that participants who believed that stroke is avoidable would be 2.2 times more knowledgeable about stroke warning signals than those who disagreed (P value<0.05). Participants who identified more than four causes of stroke were expected to have 14.77 times more knowledge of stroke risk factors than those who did not (P value<0.05).

Conclusion: Our research shows that although knowledge of stroke risk factors and symptoms is moderate to good, there is still a lack of perceptions toward this disease. Hopefully, this will encourage hospitals and other medical groups to continue their awareness-raising campaigns about the dangers of this illness. Stroke prevention and community response may be greatly enhanced by raising public consciousness of the condition and fostering individual agency in coping with it.
Assessment of Work Practices and Health Problems Among Filling Station Attendants in Ile Ife
Authors: Lawal Sodiq O. , Muhammad Abdulafeez I. , Muili Opeyemi A. , Ojo Temitope O. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Filling Station Attendants are exposed to hazards in their workplaces, which could be physical, chemical, ergonomic, biological, mechanical, or psychosocial. The study aimed to assess the work practices and health problems among filling station attendants in Ile-Ife.
Methods: This study was conducted in Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria using a descriptive cross-sectional study design. There are 218 filling stations in Ile Ife. The total sampling method was used for selection and a sample size of 200 was obtained. Data was collected via Interviewer administered questionnaires with sections assessing sociodemographic characteristics, work practices, occupational hazards, and health problems using close-ended questions. An observational Checklist assessing the safety measures put in place by the management was also obtained. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and a p-value of 0.05 was found to be statistically significant.
Results: Majority of the filling station attendants (74%) were not aware of workplace safety practices. Of those that were aware, 78% were aware of PPE while the commonest available PPE was working clothes (36%). One hundred and twelve attendants (56%) indicated that the PPEs available for them were not adequate. Concerning training, about 62.5% had prior safety training of which only 66% and 56% of them could use fire extinguishers and spill kits respectively. Regarding occupational hazards,74.5% of the attendants were aware of the various hazards, the commonest being fire outbreak (69.5). The commonest work-related problem was musculoskeletal disorders (60.5%) while the least common was gastro-intestinal tract problems (8%). There was a significant association between age, working durations of the respondents, and skin problems with p-values of 0.021 and 0.035 respectively. There was also a significant association between BMI and respiratory problems with a p-value of 0.029.
Conclusion: This study assessed work practices and health problems among filling station attendants. There was poor availability of PPE, inadequate use of PPE as well as poor work safety practices among filling station attendants. Regarding health problems, neurological and eye problems were found to be the commonest among filling station attendants in Ile Ife. There were also significant associations between some sociodemographic characteristics and some health problems such as age and skin problems, working duration and skin problems, BMI, and respiratory problems.
THE IMPACT OF JOB SATISFACTION ON NURSING PERFORMANCE AMONG MARFA HOSPITAL (UAE) NURSES: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF JOB STRESS
Authors: FAYİZ ALMASHAYEKH Maysoon , EİVAZZADEH Niusha , YEŞİLTAŞ Mehmet 
Published: March 2023

In an atmosphere of pressure, tension and division of work, Nurses’ performance is one of the most basic challenges that healthcare services face. The reason for this is that performance is linked to work satisfaction and stress on one hand, and management, funding, and organizational growth on the other. Furthermore, Nurse's performance is naturally connected to patient safety.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction impact on nursing performance and to find out how the job stress play as a moderate variable effect on the relationship between job Satisfaction and nursing performance.
To obtain information regarding demographic data, job performance, job satisfaction and job stress from participants, a survey questionnaire was conducted to nurses in one of the public hospital, Marfa hospital, in the United Arab Emirates after taking the approval from hospital administration. The hospital administration sent a link to all nurses to fill in the survey questionnaire. 111 out of total 120 nurses participated to the survey.
The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Software, version 21, was used for data input and analysis. To test the hypothesis, two different statistical analyses were utilized, namely Pearsons correlation analysis and liner regression analysis.
The study finds that there is a positive correlation between nurses’ job satisfaction and nursing performance. In addition, the job stress moderator negatively affected on the relationship between job satisfaction and nursing performance.
This research useful to health care managements to develop and enhance polices and rules to increase satisfaction and decrease job stress to enhance the nursing performance.
Support measures in the face of the energy crisis and the rise in inflation: an analysis of the cost and distributional effects of some of the measures rolled out based on their degree of targeting
Authors: García-Miralles Esteban 
Published: March 2023

Rationale
A variety of policy measures have been put in place in recent months to support households and firms through the upswing in prices. Analysing the design of these measures, as well as their distributional and budgetary impact, is crucial in any economic context, but even more so at the current juncture, characterised by the presence of fiscal imbalances.

Takeaways
•Most of the fiscal measures recently implemented in Spain to tackle the energy crisis and surging prices are largely non-targeted measures, rather than measures targeted at the most vulnerable households and firms.
•According to calculations, the reductions in VAT on basic foodstuffs and on electricity and gas resulted in greater savings for low-income households as a percentage of their total expenditure, while the fuel subsidy may have benefited high-income households relatively more.
•Alternative measures targeting vulnerable households based on their income could provide protection at a level that is comparable to the actual measures but at a lower cost and without distorting price signals.
The relationship between Thika Town and Birmingham City as centers of the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Virginia Virginia murugi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The current study explains the relationship between Thika Town and Birmingham City as centers of the industrial revolution. The main goal of this study is to understand the similarities in the development of the industries within Thika and Birmingham. The study also examines the similarities in the factors that led to industrialization in Thika and their effects on industrial growth. During data collection, the current study adopted an interpretive research paradigm where relevant data was collected using a literature review design. The data collection design involved identifying keywords and themes from existing literature on industrial development in Thika Town and Birmingham City. The data was later analyzed using thematic analysis, where information from the secondary data was grouped based on common themes. The study concludes with the research conclusions and recommendations.
RELIGIÃO E CONSTRUÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA NO CONTEXTO MIGRATÓRIO SÍRIO
Authors: Ramos Coutinho Suzana , Esequiel Santos Jesner 
Published: March 2023

Perguntas sobre o papel da religião em contexto migratório revelam respostas que aprofundam e ampliam a compreensão da migração humana. Estas possíveis explicações demonstram que a religião pode ser fundamental para a migração em variados níveis e espaços. Os processos migratórios são fenômenos de natureza complexa, e as inúmeras maneiras em que religião e migração se cruzam nos permite examinar simultaneamente os papéis que a religião desempenha na formação de padrões e experiências migratórias, e, igualmente, reconhecer a maleabilidade das tradições e práticas religiosas nos processos de mobilidade. Partindo destas múltiplas abordagens, nos utilizamos da perspectiva teórica de autores e autoras para trazer luz ao debate aqui exposto, que se propõe pensar possíveis relações entre religião e identidade no contexto migratório utilizando como referência a guerra na Síria.