bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mode of delivery and birth outcomes in relation to the duration of the passive second stage of labour: A retrospective cohort study of nulliparous women
Authors: Bjelke Maria , Thurn Lars , Oscarsson Marie 
Published: January 2023

Objective
To investigate the mode of delivery and birth outcomes in relation to the duration of the passive second stage of labour in nulliparous women.

Methods and findings
A retrospective cohort study of all nulliparous women (n = 1131) at two delivery units in Sweden. Maternal and obstetric data were obtained from electronic medical records during 2019. The passive second stage was defined as the complete dilation of the cervix until the start of the active second stage. The duration of the passive second stage was categorized into three groups: 0 to 119 min (0 to <2 h), 120–239 min (2- <4h) and ≥240 min (≥4h). Differences between the groups were examined using t-test and Chi2-tests and regression analyses were used to analyse adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. The primary outcome was mode of delivery in relation to the duration of the passive second stage and the secondary outcomes covered a series of adverse maternal and neonatal birth outcomes. The rates of instrumental and caesarean deliveries increased as the duration of the passive second stage increased. A ≥4-hour duration of the passive second stage was associated with a nine-times increased risk of caesarean section, and a four-times risk of instrumental delivery compared to a duration of <2 hours in the adjusted analyses. No differences were found in the maternal birth outcomes. The risk of a 5-minute Apgar score <7 was increased in the 2-<4h group. A longer passive second stage was not associated with an increased risk of negative birth experience.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates an increased risk of operative delivery for a longer duration (>2h) of the passive second stage in nulliparous women, although most of the women gave birth by spontaneous vaginal delivery even after ≥4 hours. There was no evidence of an increased risk of adverse maternal outcomes in a longer duration of the passive second stage but there were indications of increased adverse neonatal outcomes. Assessment of fetal well-being is important when the duration of the passive phase is prolonged.
Awareness, susceptibility, and use of oral nicotine pouches and comparative risk perceptions with smokeless tobacco among young adults in the United States
Authors: Morean Meghan E. , Bold Krysten W. , Davis Danielle R. , Kong Grace , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra , Camenga Deepa R. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Oral nicotine pouches (NPs) that contain nicotine but no tobacco leaves are rapidly gaining popularity. However, there is limited research on NPs, including within priority populations. In the current study, we examined awareness of, susceptibility to, and use of NPs in young adults as well as comparative risk perceptions with smokeless tobacco.

Methods
In 2021, 609 young adults (18–25 years) completed an online survey. Participants reported on NP awareness, susceptibility, and use as well as on comparative product perceptions for NPs versus smokeless tobacco. We ran unadjusted between-groups comparisons and an adjusted multinomial logistic regression to identify relationships between product perceptions and NP susceptibility and use.

Results
41.5% of participants had heard of NPs before. Participants were non-susceptible (66.2%), susceptible (23.5%), or had used NPs (10.3%). Comparative product perceptions between NPs and smokeless tobacco suggested that young adults, as a whole, expressed uncertainty about the relative risk/benefit of using NPs versus smokeless tobacco. However, as expected, unadjusted and adjusted findings indicated that favorable perceptions of NPs versus smokeless tobacco were disproportionately observed among susceptible participants and NP users compared to non-susceptible individuals. Demographic differences were also observed (e.g., NP users were more likely than non-susceptible and susceptible individuals to have used smokeless tobacco).

Conclusions
Young adults reported awareness of, susceptibility to, and use of NPs, with findings indicating that favorable perceptions of NPs versus smokeless tobacco may contribute to NP susceptibility and use beyond known correlates like smokeless tobacco use. However, further research is needed to understand the full range of factors that are associated with NP susceptibility and use. It will be important to disentangle factors that are associated with potential positive public health impacts (e.g., switching from smokeless tobacco to exclusive NP use) from those associated with negative public health impacts (e.g., initiation among nicotine naïve individuals).
Words and Images Matter: Introducing the C4DISC Guidelines on Inclusive Language and Images in Scholarly Communication
Authors: DiBari Sara 
Published: January 2023

As part of the critical effort towards a more inclusive dissemination of scholarly research, the Coalition for Diversity and Inclusion in Scholarly Communications (C4DISC) recently released the Inclusive Language and Image Guidelines: a global tool and educational resource to help all authors, editors, and reviewers recognize the use of language and images that are inclusive and culturally sensitive.
By addressing the various forms of conscious/unconscious bias and discrimination currently found in published research, the living Guidelines aims to set an industry standard that promotes proactive inclusive writing habits going forward. This presentation provides an overview of the Guidelines and highlights some concrete recommendations that the audience can take home to action within their organizations.
Citation Ethics: Journal Editor Attitudes and Practices
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Wright Jennifer , Bruton Samuel 
Published: January 2023

Increasing evidence suggests that unethical citation practices (e.g., inaccurate quotations, excessive self-citations, coercive citations, selective/biased citations, citation cartels, citation padding) negatively affect research integrity and mar the scholarly literature. This poster will present the preliminary results of a survey of journal editors about a wide range of citation practices, some ethically dubious and some laudable.
A previous phase of our citation ethics research surveyed 257 US-based researchers in receipt of federal funding. Since surveyed researchers are likely authors of peer-reviewed manuscripts, they are inevitably affected by editorial decisions pre-/post-publication of manuscripts. However, scant research exists on editors’ attitudes about and responses to various citation practices they encounter.
Therefore, in this follow-up survey, we will query journal editors about: The extent to which various citation practices are perceived as unethical
The way editors manage citation practices perceived as unethical
How editor attitudes and practices regarding citations vary with journal characteristics (e.g., discipline, size, impact factor, peer review model) and editorial experience
Our research instrument consists of multiple choice and fictional scenarios inspired by existing literature from various disciplines on citation norms, our own interactions with journal editors and also Cambridge University Press’ experiences with citation ethics. Consistent with our previous methodology, we are soliciting feedback from selected editors in our network and will then pilot the survey with a small group of editors before scaling up recruitment and participation. The results of this study will help inform journal, publisher, and researcher guidance on citation practices.
High Triglyceride Variability Increases the Risk of First Attack of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Tung Ying-Chang , Hsiao Fu-Chih , Lin Chia-Pin , Ho Chien-Te , Hsu Tzyy-Jer , Chiang Hou-Yu , Chu Pao-Hsien 
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:Hypertriglyceridemia is the third most common etiology of acute pancreatitis. Whether triglyceride variability, independent of absolute triglyceride levels, is a predictor of acute pancreatitis is unknown.METHODS:We identified 98,819 patients who were diagnosed with hyperlipidemia between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2013, and had at least 1 triglyceride measurement annually for 4 consecutive years from the Chang Gung Research Database in Taiwan. Triglyceride variability, defined as variability independent of the mean, was calculated in the 4-year run-in period. The patients were stratified according to the quartiles of triglyceride variability and were followed until December 31, 2019, for first attack of acute pancreatitis.RESULTS:During a mean follow-up of 5.9 years, 825 (0.83%) patients were newly diagnosed with acute pancreatitis (14.1 events per 10,000 person-years; 95% confidence interval 13.2–15.1). Triglyceride variability was significantly associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis, independent of baseline triglyceride and mean triglyceride levels (hazard ratio, 1.28 [95% confidence interval 1.05–1.57] for the highest vs the lowest quartiles of triglyceride variability;Pfor trend = 0.006 over the quartiles of triglyceride variability). Subgroup analysis showed that this association was more pronounced among the patients with a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (Pfor trend = 0.022).DISCUSSION:In this multi-institutional cohort study, high triglyceride variability was associated with an increased risk of first attack of acute pancreatitis, independent of baseline and mean triglyceride levels. The association between triglyceride variability and acute pancreatitis may be partly mediated by subclinical inflammation.
Yield of Repeat Endoscopy for Barrett's Esophagus After Normal Index Endoscopy
Authors: Rubenstein Joel H. , Burns Jennifer A. , Arasim Maria E. , Firsht Elizabeth M. , Harbrecht Matthew , Widerquist Marilla , Evans Richard R. , Inadomi John M. , Chang Joy W. , Hazelton William D. , Hur Chin , Kurlander Jacob E. , Lim Francesca , Luebeck Georg , Macdonald Peter W. , Reddy Chanakyaram A. , Saini Sameer D. , Tan Sarah Xinhui , Waljee Akbar K. , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris 
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Guidelines suggest 1-time screening with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for Barrett's esophagus (BE) in individuals at an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We aimed to estimate the yield of repeat EGD performed at prolonged intervals after a normal index EGD.

METHODS:
We conducted a national retrospective analysis within the U S Veterans Health Administration, identifying patients with a normal index EGD between 2003 and 2009 who subsequently had a repeat EGD. We tabulated the proportion with a new diagnosis of BE, EAC, or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EGJAC) and conducted manual chart review of a sample. We fitted logistic regression models for the odds of a new diagnosis of BE/EAC/EGJAC.

RESULTS:
We identified 71,216 individuals who had a repeat EGD between 1 and 16 years after an index EGD without billing or cancer registry codes for BE/EAC/EGJAC. Of them, 4,088 had a new billing or cancer registry code for BE/EAC/EGJAC after the repeat EGD. On manual review of a stratified sample, most did not truly have new BE/EAC/EGJAC. A longer duration between EGD was associated with greater odds of a new diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for each 5 years 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.44), particularly among those who were younger during the index EGD (ages 19–29 years: aOR 3.92; 95% CI 1.24–12.4; ages 60–69 years: aOR 1.19; 95% CI 1.01–1.40).

DISCUSSION:
The yield of repeat EGD for BE/EAC/EGJAC seems to increase with time after a normal index EGD, particularly for younger individuals. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Mitral Valve Surgery in Patients With an Implanted Amplatzer Septal Occluder: A Review of 2 Cases
Authors: Sayar Ufuk , Ertürk Nurel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Surgical approaches for mitral valve exploration vary, with the preferred approach being via the interatrial groove. Data on whether the interatrial groove approach can be used for mitral valve surgery in patients with a previously implanted Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) (St Jude Medical, an Abbott company) are extremely limited. The authors performed mitral valve surgery using the transatrial septal approach on 2 patients following explantation of an ASO, which significantly impedes the interatrial groove approach. Concomitant surgical procedures with mitral valve replacement, removal of the ASO, and closure of an atrial septal defect with a patch significantly prolonged the cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass durations, which is the reason for intraoperative low cardiac output syndrome. An intra-aortic balloon pump and venoarterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation were used in these 2 patients because of low cardiac output syndrome. When planning mitral valve surgery in patients with a previously implanted ASO, the device precludes the interatrial groove approach and can produce an unpredictable clinical scenario.
Highly sensitive temperature sensor using one-dimensional Bragg Reflector for biomedical applications
Authors: Gowda Ranjith B. , Sharan Preeta , Saara K.  
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A theoretical investigation of multi-layer Bragg Reflector (BR) structure to design highly sensitive temperature sensor is proposed to measure the temperature over a wide range. Characteristic-Matrix (CM) mathematical tool is used to design and analyse the proposed temperature sensor. A 1D Distributed Bragg Reflector multi-layer structure is used to design and analyse the sensing characteristics of the proposed sensor. Periodic modulation in the Refractive-Index (RI) of the two materials, high and low, forms DBR multi-layer structure. Germanium and air are used as the two alternate materials of BR for high and low dielectric layers respectively. Parameters of many semiconductor materials, including germanium, varies with temperature. Here we have considered RI variation of germanium with the temperature to model and design the proposed sensor. A defect layer is introduced at the center of multi-layer structure to obtain the resonating mode for an incident electromagnetic wave. The sensor can detect temperature over a wide range from 100 to 550 K. A resonating mode, shifting towards different wavelength region is observed for the temperature variations. The influence of increase in the DBR layers (N) and defect cavity geometrical length (lD) is studied. The obtained results conclude that the cavity defect length and BR layers affects the sensing parameters of the designed sensor. The obtained RI sensitivity, Q-factor, temperature sensitivity and detection limit of the sensor are 2.323 μm/RIU, 115,000, 1.18 nm/K and 9.024 × 10−6 RIU respectively. Theoretically obtained transmission spectrum was validated using Monte Carlo simulation.
Analysis of the evolution law of oxide inclusions in U75V heavy rail steel during the LF–RH refining process
Authors: Liu Hongbo , Xie Rongyuan , Li Min , Zhang Caidong , Yao Hongyong , Tian Zhiqiang , Yang Haibin , Liu Zhanli , Wang Qiang , Kang Ju 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The number density, size and composition of inclusions in U75V heavy rail steel during ladle furnace (LF)–RH refining process were studied by an Aztec-Feature inclusion automatic software which equipped with a field emission microscope. The results showed that the MnO–SiO2–Al2O3-type inclusions were the main inclusions at LF start. The MnO–SiO2–Al2O3-type inclusions were transformed into the CaO–SiO2–Al2O3-type inclusions during the LF refining process because of the Ca and Al elements which were brought by ferroalloy. At the RH start stage, the main inclusions were CaO–SiO2–Al2O3-type inclusions with low melting temperature and CaO–MgO–Al2O3-type inclusions with high melting temperature in the sample. And, the CaO–MgO–Al2O3-type inclusions were obviously removed during RH vacuum treatment. The average compositions of CaO–SiO2–Al2O3-type inclusions had no obvious change from RH vacuum holding for 15 min, RH vacuum break to RH soft blowing.
Developing L2 learners’ metaphoric competence: a case study of figurative motion constructions
Authors: Martín-Gascón Beatriz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study compares two instruction methods (cognitive and traditional) for teaching complex metaphorical motion constructions in Spanish and developing A2+ learners’ metaphoric competence in the L2. The cognitive instruction combined insights from the Conceptual Metaphor Theory with multimodal content and cognitive parameters, whereas the traditional package followed a communicative and formalist approach to language based on most current L2 textbooks. A group of 33 university students from a North American-based College participated in the experiment. Assessment tests were designed inspired by cognitive linguistics tenets and measured learners’ general metaphor comprehension (Task 1) and original production (Task 2), as well as performance in the comprehension (Task 3) and production (Task 4) of change-of-state constructions, thus breaking with the pervading assessment typology for empirical studies in applied cognitive linguistics. The cognitive methodology proved to be significantly more beneficial for all four tasks. Although students who received a traditional instruction improved over time, those from the cognitive group showed statistically higher performance in metaphoric competence and in the comprehension and production of the target constructions. These findings clearly suggest that a cognitive-based instruction, when followed by a consistent assessment, is an effective approach to teaching and learning difficult constructions in the L2.
The Somatechnics of Transcultural Communication: Transcending Boundaries and Borders inAll in My FamilyandThe Farewell
Authors: Bruining Dennis , Diao Mingming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we stage a critical discussion between somatechnics and transcultural communication studies to push the latter field beyond existing paradigms and illustrate the usefulness of somatechnics to think through (embodied) transculturality. By means of example, we analyze Hao Wu’s short documentaryAll in My Family(2019) and Lulu Wang’s feature filmThe Farewell(2019) through the lens of somatechnics and argue that these films offer an important opportunity to consider their protagonists’ contextually specific lived experiences in relation to both Western and Chinese idea(l)s of the family, parenthood, and sexuality. This is not to suggest that we juxtapose the global with the local or the West with the non-West in our analysis as two separate, identifiable categories. Rather, following Natalie Oswin (2006), we wish to examine how these films, as contemporary popular forms of transcultural communication, enable a critical discussion of “the West and non-West in all their complexity as the transnational, transcultural spaces that they are” (2006, p. 788). Approached this way, we hope to show how the films under discussion exemplify a range of somatechnologies; that is, bodies, which in the process of transcultural (un)becoming-with, materialize in a glocalized space where the global and local, West and East mutually (in)form each other and have become inextricable. In other words, our analysis of these films demonstrates how somatechnics may provide a novel way to think through the varied ways in which transculturality is both embodied and bodied forth.
Crystal structure of dimethyl 4,4′-((4R, 5R)-4,5-diphenylimidazolidine-1,3-diyl)dibenzoate, C31H28N2O4
Authors: Zhang Kui , Shi Da-Bin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
C31H28N2O4, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 10.2166(2) Å, b = 11.5327(2) Å, c = 11.6484(2) Å, β = 109.637(2)°, V = 1292.65(5) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0502, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1312, T = 149.9(5) K.
Effect of multi-hole trench cooling on an adiabatic flat plate for gas turbine application
Authors: Prakash Ved , Chandel Sunil , Thakur Dineshsingh G. , Mishra Ranjan K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A 3D numerical analysis on an adiabatic flat plate for multi-hole trench cooling with forward, backward and mixed injection holes is performed in the current investigation. The numerical setup is validated before the performances of different cooling configurations are compared. The effect of three different multi-hole trench arrangements, square-diamond, long-diamond, and super-long-diamond with constant perforated percentage (3.27%), on film cooling performance is studied at blowing ratio 1.0. The row-to-row interaction between coolant jets and mainstream is analysed, and lateral film cooling effectiveness is calculated downstream. The dimensionless temperature contour overlaid with streamlines concluded that the SLD trench hole arrangement with forward injection forms a developed effusion layer due to counter-rotating vortex pairs, which helps in proper mixing of coolant jets into the mainstream and improves film cooling effectiveness in lateral as well as in longitudinal direction. It is observed that super-long-diamond arrangement with forward injection provides the highest film cooling effectiveness than square-diamond and long-diamond arrangements and favours early development of the coolant film layer.
Optimal place specification, element headedness and surface velar palatalization in Polish
Authors: Zdziebko Sławomir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe paper postulates that the propensity of Polish velar consonants to undergo palatalization is the consequence of the activity of a violable constraint which requires autosegmental place nodes to be associated with one and only one element. Since velars are the only consonants which lack place specification, the spreading of the palatality element |I| onto velars leads to the avoidance of the violation of the relevant constraint. As the palatalizing element |I| must entertain the status of the head, the underapplication of Surface Velar Palatalization before the front mid nasal vowel /ɛ̃/, headed by element |L|, and the vowel /ɛ/ found in some borrowings and headed by element |A|, is enforced by the constraint punishing representations in which more than one element plays the role of the head.
Noncoding RNAcircBtnl1 suppresses self‐renewal of intestinal stem cells via disruption of Atf4 mRNA stability
Authors: Guo Hui , Zhang Jiahang , Jiang Zhimin , Zhu Xiaoxiao , Yang Jing , Mu Rui , Du Ying , Tian Yong , Zhu Pingping , Fan Zusen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntestinal stem cells (ISCs) at the crypt base are responsible for the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium. However, how ISC self‐renewal is regulated still remains unclear. Here we identified a circular RNA, circBtnl1, that is highly expressed in ISCs. Loss of circBtnl1 in mice enhanced ISC self‐renewal capacity and epithelial regeneration, without changes in mRNA and protein levels of its parental gene Btnl1. Mechanistically, circBtnl1 and Atf4 mRNA competitively bound the ATP‐dependent RNA helicase Ddx3y to impair the stability of Atf4 mRNA in wild‐type ISCs. Furthermore, ATF4 activated Sox9 transcription by binding to its promoter via a unique motif, to enhance the self‐renewal capacity and epithelial regeneration of ISCs. In contrast, circBtnl1 knockout promoted Atf4 mRNA stability and enhanced ATF4 expression, which caused Sox9 transcription to potentiate ISC stemness. These data indicate that circBtnl1‐mediated Atf4 mRNA decay suppresses Sox9 transcription that negatively modulates self‐renewal maintenance of ISCs.