bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Equitable Taxation
Authors: Cedro Marco , Kristoffersson Eleonor , Aricha Teresa Pontón , Živković Lidija 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFrom Adam Smith’s 1776 classic “The Wealth of Nations” until modern times, the principle of fairness has remained one of the crucial principles on which tax systems are to be based. However, even modern tax and budgetary systems are far from being gender equitable. This chapter provides an analysis of the ways in which taxation, as well as the subsequent spending of resources collected therewith, influence gender equality within a household, at the workplace and within the broader economy. This analysis should enable the reader to utilise the gender equality principle as a framework for re-evaluating the applicable national and international sources of tax law, as well as public expenditure management on various levels of the government. This chapter will show why gender equality should become a priority for governments when creating their fiscal policy and executing their budgets.
Gender Equality Aspects of Public Law
Authors: Davinić Marko , Kristoffersson Eleonor , Marinković Tanasije 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter portrays the initial appearance of modern public law in late eighteen-century Europe as homocentric, and its gradual profiling, in the centuries to follow, across the globe, as gender-balanced. It also addresses the reforming force of the international instruments in achieving gender-balanced public law on a national level, as well as the inherent limits of those instruments due to the inevitable pluralism of public law approaches to gender equality in areas of reasonable disagreement. Furthermore, authors will analyse structural, institutional, and cultural factors that play a part in the underrepresentation of women at all worldwide governmental levels. However, they emphasise that electing more women in state institutions is only the first step. What is necessary is to ensure that women have a tangible impact on public policies. Thus, they conclude that empowering women is a multi-layered process that is much more complex than choosing an equal number of women in state institutions. Public law aspects on gender-based violence as well as anti-discrimination measures are also included in this chapter.
Protecting pollinators and our food supply: understanding and managing threats to pollinator health
Authors: Siviter H. , Fisher A. , Baer B. , Brown M. J. F. , Camargo I. F. , Cole J. , Le Conte Y. , Dorin B. , Evans J. D. , Farina W. , Fine J. , Fischer L. R. , Garratt M. P. D. , Giannini T. C. , Giray T. , Li-Byarlay H. , López-Uribe M. M. , Nieh J. C. , Przybyla K. , Raine N. E. , Ray A. M. , Singh G. , Spivak M. , Traynor K. , Kapheim K. M. , Harrison J. F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobal pollinator declines threaten food production and natural ecosystems. The drivers of declines are complicated and driven by numerous factors such as pesticide use, loss of habitat, rising pathogens due to commercial bee keeping and climate change. Halting and reversing pollinator declines will require a multidisciplinary approach and international cooperation. Here, we summarize 20 presentations given in the symposium ‘Protecting pollinators and our food supply: Understanding and managing threats to pollinator health’ at the 19th Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects in San Diego, 2022. We then synthesize the key findings and discuss future research areas such as better understanding the impact of anthropogenic stressors on wild bees.
Think Differently We Must! An AI Manifesto for the Future
Authors: Dahlin Emma 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThere is a problematic tradition of dualistic and reductionist thinking in artificial intelligence (AI) research, which is evident in AI storytelling and imaginations as well as in public debates about AI. Dualistic thinking is based on the assumption of a fixed reality and a hierarchy of power, and it simplifies the complex relationships between humans and machines. This commentary piece argues that we need to work against the grain of such logics and instead develop a thinking that acknowledges AI–human interconnectedness and the complexity in such relations. To learn how to live better with AI in futures to come, the paper suggests an AI politics that turns to practices of serious attentiveness to help us re-imagine our machines and re-configure AI–human relations.
Laminar dynamics of deep projection neurons and mode of subplate formation are hallmarks of histogenetic subdivisions of the human cingulate cortex before onset of arealization
Authors: Junaković Alisa , Kopić Janja , Duque Alvaro , Rakic Pasko , Krsnik Željka , Kostović Ivica 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe cingulate gyrus, as a prominent part of the human limbic lobe, is involved in the integration and regulation of complex emotional, executive, motivational, and cognitive functions, attributed to several functional regions along the anteroposterior axis. In contrast to increasing knowledge of cingulate function in the adult brain, our knowledge of cingulate development is based primarily on classical neuroembryological studies. We aimed to reveal the laminar and cellular development of the various cingulate regions during the critical period from 7.5 to 15 postconceptional weeks (PCW) before the formation of Brodmann type arealization, employing diverse molecular markers on serial histological sections of postmortem human fetal brains. The study was performed by analysis of: (1) deep projection neuron (DPN) markers laminar dynamics, (2) all transient laminar compartments, and (3) characteristic subplate (SP) formation-expansion phase. We found that DPN markers labeling an incipient cortical plate (CP) were the first sign of regional differentiation of the dorsal isocortical and ventral mesocortical belt. Remarkably, increased width of the fibrillar marginal zone (MZ) towards the limbus, in parallel with the narrowing of CP containing DPN, as well as the diminishment of subventricular zone (SVZ) were reliable landmarks of early mesocortical differentiation. Finally, the SP formation pattern was shown to be a crucial event in the isocortical cingulate portion, given that the mesocortical belt is characterized by an incomplete CP delamination and absence of SP expansion. In conclusion, laminar DPN markers dynamics, together with the SVZ size and mode of SP formation indicate regional belt-like cingulate cortex differentiation before the corpus callosum expansion and several months before Brodmann type arealization.
Characteristic differences in tropospheric delay between Nevada Geodetic Laboratory products and NWM ray-tracing
Authors: Ding Junsheng , Chen Junping , Wang Jungang , Zhang Yize 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNumerical weather models (NWMs) are important data sources for space geodetic techniques. Additionally, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides many observations to continuously improve and enhance the NWM. Existing comparative analysis experiments on NWM tropospheric and GNSS tropospheric delays suffer from being conducted in highly specific regions with limited spatial coverage; furthermore, the length of time for the experiment is too short for analyzing seasonal characteristics, and the insufficient number of stations limits spatial density, making it difficult to obtain the equipment-dependent distribution characteristics. After strict quality control and data preprocessing, we have calculated and compared the bias and standard deviation of tropospheric delay for approximately 7000 selected Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL) GNSS stations in 2020 with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) hourly ray-traced tropospheric delay for the same group of stations. Characterizations in time, space, and linkage to receivers and antennas reveal positive biases of approximately 4 mm in the NGL zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) relative to the NWM ZTD over most of the globe; moreover, there is a seasonal amplitude reaching 6 mm in the bias, and an antenna-related mean bias of approximately 1.6 mm in the NGL tropospheric delay. The obtained results can be used to provide a priori tropospheric delays with appropriate uncertainties; additionally, they can be applied to assess the suitability of using NWMs for real-time positioning solutions.
No strong association among epigenetic modifications by DNA methylation, telomere length, and physical fitness in biological aging
Authors: Seki Yasuhiro , Aczel Dora , Torma Ferenc , Jokai Matyas , Boros Anita , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Higuchi Mitsuru , Tanisawa Kumpei , Boldogh Istvan , Horvath Steve , Radak Zsolt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCellular senescence is greatly accelerated by telomere shortening, and the steps forward in human aging are strongly influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors, whether DNA methylation (DNAm) is affected by exercise training, remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between physiological functions, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), vertical jump, working memory, telomere length (TL) assessed by RT-PCR, DNA methylation-based estimation of TL (DNAmTL), and DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging of master rowers (N = 146) and sedentary subjects (N = 95), aged between 37 and 85 years. It was found that the TL inversely correlated with chronological age. We could not detect an association between telomere length and VO2max, vertical jump, and working memory by RT-PCR method, while these physiological test results showed a correlation with DNAmTL. DNAmGrimAge and DNAmPhenoAge acceleration were inversely associated with telomere length assessed by both methods. It appears that there are no strong beneficial effects of exercise or physiological fitness on telomere shortening, however, the degree of DNA methylation is associated with telomere length.
Rekindling of de Broglie–Bohm Pilot Wave Theory in the Late Twentieth Century: A Personal Account
Authors: Dewdney Christopher 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDavid Bohm published his “Suggested Interpretation of Quantum Theory in Terms of Hidden Variables” some twenty five years after Louis de Broglie first presented his similar Pilot Wave theory of quantum mechanics. In the following 30 years what became known as the de Broglie–Bohm approach to quantum theory was to a large extent ignored within the physics community. Even David Bohm himself became somewhat disillusioned with the lack of impact of his interpretation of quantum theory and he directed his interest elsewhere. But some 27 years after Bohm had published his interpretation of quantum theory, interest was rekindled in part by new, detailed calculations that demonstrated clearly and graphically, exactly how his interpretation explained quantum phenomena in terms of well defined individual particle trajectories. These computations encompassed two-slit interference, quantum tunnelling, neutron interferometry, Wheeler’s delayed choice experiment, orbital and intrinsic angular momentum, quantum measurement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen nonlocal correlations for orbital angular momentum, intrinsic angular momentum and correlated particle interferometry. Since then, the acceptance of the validity of de Broglie–Bohm theory has steadily grown, as has the interest in the consequences of the approach. For my contribution to the current celebratory volume I was asked to provide a personal review specifically of this novel work within its historical context of the last quarter of the twentieth century.
Differential aluminum tolerance and absorption characteristics in Pinus massoniana seedlings colonized with ectomycorrhizal fungi of Lactarius deliciosus and Pisolithus tinctorius
Authors: Gu Xirong , Jia Hao , Wang Xiaohe , Jiang Yanan , Li Jie , He Xinhua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlant tolerance to aluminum (Al) toxicity can be enhanced by an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus through biological filtering or physical blockage. To understand the roles of ECM colonization in Al absorption with regard to Al tolerance, Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with either Lactarius deliciosus (L.:Fr.) Gray isolate 2 or Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker et Couch isolate 715 and cultivated in an acid yellow soil with or without 1.0 mM Al3+ irrigation for 10 weeks. Biomass production, Al bioaccumulation and transport in seedlings colonized by the two ECM fungi were compared, and the three absorption kinetics (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion) models used to evaluate variances in root Al3+ absorption capacity. Results show that both fungi increased aboveground biomass and Al tolerance of P. massoniana seedlings, but L. deliciosus 2 was more effective than P. tinctorius 715. Lower Al absorption capacity, fewer available active sites and decreased affinity and boundary layer thickness for Al3+, and higher Al accumulation and translocation contributed to the increased Al tolerance in the ECM-inoculated seedlings. These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms and strategies in plant Al-tolerance conferred by ECM fungi and show that inoculation with L. deliciosus will better enhance Al tolerance in P. massoniana seedlings used for forest plantation and ecosystem restoration in acidic soils, particularly in Southwest China and similar soils worldwide.
Landscape gradient of autumn photosynthetic decline in Abies sachalinensis seedlings
Authors: Sugai Tetsuto , Ishizuka Wataru , Watanabe Toshihiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding what environmental factors are genetically linked to a phenological event is critical for predicting responses to climate change. Photosynthetic phenology often varies among a species of evergreen conifers due to local adaptation. However, few empirical studies have revealed relevant relationships between climatic factors in provenance environments and photosynthetic phenology. This study evaluated the effects of environmental conditions of the growing site and seed source provenance on the seasonal changes in maximal photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in a common garden experiment with 2-year-old seedlings of Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis), a representative species with local adaptation, from four seed source provenances. A logistic model was constructed to explain the seasonal variation ofFv/Fmfrom July to October and the relationships between the estimated model parameters and representative factors featuring provenance environments were evaluated. The landscape gradient of the detected model parameters responsible for the provenance environments was visualized in a map of the distribution area. The lowest temperature was the most plausible factor in the growing environment to explain the seasonal changes ofFv/Fm. Among the representative meteorological factors of provenance environments, the lowest temperatures in July showed significant relationships with two model parameters, explaining the lower limit ofFv/Fmand the higher sensitivity of autumnFv/Fmdecline. The estimated spatial maps of model parameters consistently showed that the higher the lowest temperature in July in the provenance environment, the lower theFv/Fmin October and the greater the decrease in the autumnFv/Fmdecline. Therefore, the lowest summer temperature could be associated with the local adaptation of autumn photosynthetic phenology inA. sachalinensis.
Kaum Geschlechtsunterschiede bei Opioidkonsumierenden in Haft
Authors: Boksán K. , Weiss M. , Geißelsöder K. , Dechant M. , Endres J. , Breuer M. , Stemmler M. , Wodarz N. 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ein hoher Anteil inhaftierter Frauen weist eine Opioidabhängigkeit auf. Hinsichtlich der Frage, ob sich Frauen und Männer in ihrem Opioidkonsummuster unterscheiden, und ob sich empirische Belege für einen Telescoping-Effekt (späterer Einstieg in den Drogenkonsum bei beschleunigtem Verlauf der Abhängigkeit) bei den Frauen finden lassen, ist die Forschungslage uneindeutig. Dabei mangelt es an Studien zu möglichen Geschlechtsunterschieden, insbesondere im Strafvollzug.

Zielsetzung
In einer Stichprobe von n = 247 opioidabhängigen Gefangenen im bayerischen Strafvollzug wurden die weiblichen (n = 31) mit den männlichen (n = 216) Studienteilnehmenden hinsichtlich Alter, Drogenkonsum, Substitutionsbehandlung, psychischer Vorbelastung, Bildung und wirtschaftlicher Situation verglichen.

Methode
Die Daten wurden im Rahmen einer Erstbefragung der Studie „Haft bei Opioidabhängigkeit – eine Evaluationsstudie“ erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Im Drogenkonsum zeigten sich keine Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Geschlechtergruppen, es konnten folglich keine Hinweise auf einen Telescoping-Effekt bei opioidabhängigen weiblichen Gefangenen gefunden werden. Weiterhin fanden sich keine Unterschiede zwischen Frauen und Männern bezüglich der Substitutionsbehandlung, der Bildung und der wirtschaftlichen Situation. Frauen gaben häufiger an, vor der Haft an Depressionen gelitten zu haben und Opfer von sexuellem Missbrauch gewesen zu sein.

Schlussfolgerungen
Es zeigten sich Belege für eine stärkere psychische Vorbelastung bei den weiblichen im Vergleich zu den männlichen Inhaftierten mit Opioidabhängigkeit, darüber hinaus jedoch auffallend wenige Unterschiede. Bei der untersuchten Stichprobe handelt es sich um eine Gruppe, bei der möglicherweise eine besonders schwere Verlaufsform der Opioidabhängigkeit vorliegt, die etwaige geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in den Hintergrund treten lässt.
Impact of climate change on hydrochemical properties and quality of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes in arid environment: a case study of Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Abdulaziz G. , Aly Anwar A. , Majrashi Mosaed A. , Ibrahim Hesham M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGroundwater over-exploitation, rising temperature and declined precipitation, have resulted in groundwater quality deterioration, subsequently affecting human health and agricultural productivity. Therefore, to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes, groundwater samples were collected from 88 locations in Sarat Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. The hydrochemical characteristics were assessed to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. The results revealed that most groundwater samples were medium to highly salinity hazards; nevertheless, no sodicity hazards were expected. By using the water quality indices, 70.5% of studied waters were class II. Nevertheless, 91% of collected samples were in acceptable concentrations of heavy metals and nitrate. The saturation index showed that the groundwater was largely under-saturated with most minerals, indicating a possibility of salinity increase due to increasing the concentration of iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride and sulfate due to the dissolution of under-saturated minerals. Due to the increased salinity levels, more than 90% of the collected groundwater samples showed low quality for irrigation due to higher potential for salinity problems. Furthermore, the development of salinity of groundwater in Sarat Al-Baha could be the result of the increased temperatures and decreased rainfall. Therefore, it is recommended to implement appropriate management practices to optimize groundwater usage and decrease the potential of further deterioration in its quality. The discharge of groundwater need to be controlled, strictly preventing the drilling of new wells. It is also important to assess the suitability of planted crops, and implement proper water management practices to sustain groundwater resources in Sarat Al-Baha region. The approach used in this study can be used to alike environment worldwide.
BTC-fCNN: Fast Convolution Neural Network for Multi-class Brain Tumor Classification
Authors: Abd El-Wahab Basant S. , Nasr Mohamed E. , Khamis Salah , Ashour Amira S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTimely prognosis of brain tumors has a crucial role for powerful healthcare of remedy-making plans. Manual classification of the brain tumors in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images is a challenging task, which relies on the experienced radiologists to identify and classify the brain tumor. Automated classification of different brain tumors is significant based on designing computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. Existing classification methods suffer from unsatisfactory performance and/or large computational cost/ time. This paper proposed a fast and efficient classification process, called BTC-fCNN, which is a deep learning-based system to distinguish between different views of three brain tumor types, namely meningioma, glioma, and pituitary tumors. The proposed system’s model was applied on MRI images from the Figshare dataset. It consists of 13 layers with few trainable parameters involving convolution layer, 1 × 1 convolution layer, average pooling, fully connected layer, and softmax layer. Five iterations including transfer learning and five-fold cross-validation for retraining are considered to increase the proposed model performance. The proposed model achieved 98.63% average accuracy, using five iterations with transfer learning, and 98.86% using retrained five-fold cross-validation (internal transfer learning between the folds). Various evaluation metrics were measured to evaluate the proposed model, such as precision, F-score, recall, specificity and confusion matrix. The proposed BTC-fCNN model outstrips the state-of-the-art and other well-known convolution neural networks (CNN).
Integrated Framework Towards Construction Waste Reduction: The Case of Egypt
Authors: Daoud Ahmed Osama , Omar Hany , Othman Ayman Ahmed Ezzat , Ebohon Obas John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe construction industry is plagued with significant construction and demolition waste (C&DW) generated during various phases of construction projects. This waste has created a universal, pervasive, and enduring problem globally. To propose practical solutions to resolve this consequential issue, this research adopted a quantitative approach in two stages. The first stage involved an online survey, administrated to 360 methodically selected construction organisations working in Egypt, to evaluate the impact of six main factors on C&DW reduction (C&DWR). The six main factors are as follows: (1) materials procurement measures (MPMR); (2) materials procurement models (MPMO); (3) green building practices (GBPR); (4) legislation (LG); (5) culture and behaviour (CB); and (6) awareness (AW). The second stage comprised multivariate statistical analysis via the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach to develop an integrated framework for C&DWR, to support Egypt’s vision 2030. The results revealed that these six factors positively affect C&DWR in Egypt. Additionally, the study found that GBPR has the highest importance value of 0.293 and the highest performance rate of 92.169. However, CB has the second highest importance value of 0.238 whilst it has the lowest performance of 72.08 among the six factors. This paper proposes practical recommendations for the government and the construction sector to reduce the C&DW in support of Egypt's Vision 2030.