bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat shifts in response to predation risk are constrained by competition within a grazing guild
Authors: Creel Scott , Becker Matthew S. , Goodheart Ben , de Merkle Johnathan Reyes , Dröge Egil , M’soka Jassiel , Rosenblatt Elias , Mweetwa Thandiwe , Mwape Henry , Vinks Milan A. , Mukula Teddy , Smit Daan , Sanguinetti Carolyn , Dart Chase , Christianson David , Schuette Paul , Simpamba Twakundine , Chifunte Clive 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionPredators can affect prey not only by killing them, but also by causing them to alter their behavior, including patterns of habitat selection. Prey can reduce the risk of predation by moving to habitats where predators are less likely to detect them, less likely to attack, or less likely to succeed. The interaction of such responses to risk with other ecological processes remains relatively unstudied, but in some cases, changes in habitat use to avoid predation may be constrained by competition: larger, dominant competitors should respond freely to predation risk, but the responses of smaller, subordinate competitors may be constrained by the responses of dominant competitors. For large grazing herbivores, an alternative hypothesis proposes that smaller prey species are vulnerable to more predators, and thus should respond more strongly to predation risk.MethodsHere, we tested these two hypotheses with 775 observations of habitat selection by four species of obligate grazers (zebra, wildebeest, puku and oribi) in the immediate presence or absence of four large carnivores (lion, spotted hyena, African wild dog and cheetah) in three ecosystems (Greater Liuwa, Greater Kafue and Luangwa Valley). Patterns of predation within this set were described by observation of 1,105 kills.ResultsOur results support the hypothesis that responses to predation risk are strongest for larger, dominant competitors. Even though zebras were killed least often, they showed the strongest shift into cover when carnivores were present. Wildebeest, puku and oribi showed weaker habitat shifts, even though they were more frequently killed. These patterns remained consistent in models that controlled for differences in the hunting mode of the predator (stalking, coursing, or intermediate) and for differences among ecosystems. There was no evidence that smaller species were subject to predation by a broader set of predators. Instead, smaller prey were killed often by smaller predators, and larger prey were killed often by larger predators.DiscussionBroadly, our results show that responses to predation risk interact with interspecific competition. Accounting for such interactions should help to explain the considerable variation in the strength of responses to predation risk that has been observed.
An overview of DNA methylation markers for early detection of gastric cancer: current status, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Xue Ying , Huang Chao , Pei Bing , Wang ZhenZhen , Dai Yanmiao 
Published: July 2023

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, with a low 5-year survival rate. However, if diagnosed at an early stage, it can be cured by endoscopic treatment and has a good prognosis. While gastrointestinal X-ray and upper endoscopy are used as national GC screening methods in some GC high-risk countries, such as Japan and Korea, their radiation exposure, invasiveness, and high cost suggest that they are not the optimal tools for early detection of GC in many countries. Therefore, a cost-effective, and highly accurate method for GC early detection is urgently needed in clinical settings. DNA methylation plays a key role in cancer progression and metastasis and has been demonstrated as a promising marker for cancer early detection.Aims and methods: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of DNA methylation markers associated with GC, the assays developed for GC early detection, challenges in methylation marker discovery and application, and the future prospects of utilizing methylation markers for early detection of GC. Through our analysis, we found that the currently reported DNA methylation markers related to GC are mainly in the early discovery stage. Most of them have only been evaluated in tissue samples. The majority of non-invasive assays developed based on blood lack standardized sampling protocols, pre-analytical procedures, and multicenter validation, and they exhibit insufficient sensitivity for early-stage GC detection. Meanwhile, the reported GC DNA methylation markers are generally considered pan-cancer markers.Conclusion: Therefore, future endeavors should focus on identifying additional methylation markers specific to GC and establishing non-invasive diagnostic assays that rely on these markers. These assays should undergo multicenter, large-scale prospective validation in diverse populations.
Unveiling 2,000 years of differentiation among Tungusic-speaking populations: a revised phylogeny of the paternal founder lineage C2a-M48-SK1061
Authors: Yu Hui-Xin , Ao Cheligeer , Zhang Xian-Peng , Liu Kai-Jun , Wang Yi-Bing , Meng Song-Lin , Li Hui , Wei Lan-Hai , Man Da 
Published: July 2023

Previous studies demonstrated Y chromosome haplogroup C2a-M48-SK1061 is the only founding paternal lineage of all Tungusic-speaking populations. To infer the differentiation history of these populations, we studied more sequences and constructed downstream structure of haplogroup C2a-M48-SK1061 with better resolution. In this study, we generated 100 new sequences and co-analyzed 140 sequences of C2a-M48-SK1061 to reconstruct a highly revised phylogenetic tree with age estimates. We also performed the analysis of the geographical distribution and spatial autocorrelation of sub-branches. Dozens of new sub-branches were discovered, many sub-branches were nearly unique for Ewenki, Evens, Oroqen, Xibe, Manchu, Daur, and Mongolian. The topology of these unique sub-branches is the key evidence for understanding the complex evolutionary relationship between different Tungusic-speaking populations. The revised phylogeny provided a clear pattern for the differentiation history of haplogroup C2a-M48-SK1061 in the past 2,000 years. This study showed that the divergence pattern of founder lineage is essential to understanding the differentiation history of populations.
Compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among Romanian emergency medicine personnel
Authors: Hăisan Anca , Hogaș Simona , Măirean Cornelia , Punei Mirabela-Olivia , Volovăț Simona Ruxandra , Hogaș Mihai , Kantor Cristina , Cimpoeșu Diana 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundContemporary scientific literature has emphasized two specific aspects of healthcare professionals: compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has placed significant strain on health systems and healthcare workers, the Russian-Ukrainian crisis appears to have a magnifying effect, particularly on mental health.MethodsThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between threat perception, daily worries, and professional quality of life in a sample of Emergency Medicine Personnel during two major events mentioned above. The sample included 372 participants (56.7% nurses and 43.3% physicians) from emergency units in five county hospitals in the Eastern region of Romania.ResultsThe study revealed that threats related to the pandemic were positively linked to secondary traumatic stress, and daily worries were positively linked to both secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Threats generated by the war did not manifest a direct relation with any of the indicators of professional quality of life, but daily worries generated by war positively predicted both secondary traumatic stress and burnout.ConclusionBoth the pandemic, which involved cumulative exposure, and the war, which involved a lower and more distant level of exposure, had the potential to generate worries and predict a low quality of life. However, our results did not reveal any association between threats, worries, and compassion satisfaction. As a result, this positive indicator of quality of life remained stable despite the presence of threats and worries.
The gut microbiome as a potential source of non-invasive biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Li Naijian , Yi Xinzhu , Chen Chiyong , Dai Zhouli , Deng Zhishan , Pu Jinding , Zhou Yumin , Li Bing , Wang Zhang , Ran Pixin 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe link between gut microbial dysbiosis and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is of considerable interest. However, little is known regarding the potential for the use of the fecal metagenome for the diagnosis of COPD.MethodsA total of 80 healthy controls, 31 patients with COPD severity stages I or II, and 49 patients with COPD severity stages III or IV fecal samples were subjected to metagenomic analysis. We characterized the gut microbiome, identified microbial taxonomic and functional markers, and constructed a COPD disease classifier using samples.ResultsThe fecal microbial diversity of patients with COPD stages I or II was higher than that of healthy controls, but lower in patients with COPD stages III or IV. Twenty-one, twenty-four, and eleven microbial species, including potential pathogens and pro-inflammatory bacteria, were significantly enriched or depleted in healthy controls, patients with COPD stages I or II, and patients with COPD stages III &amp; IV. The KEGG orthology (KO) gene profiles derived demonstrated notable differences in gut microbial function among the three groups. Moreover, gut microbial taxonomic and functional markers could be used to differentiate patients with COPD from healthy controls, on the basis of areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.8814 and 0.8479, respectively. Notably, the gut microbial taxonomic features differed between healthy individuals and patients in stages I-II COPD, which suggests the utility of fecal metagenomic biomarkers for the diagnosis of COPD (AUC = 0.9207).ConclusionGut microbiota-targeted biomarkers represent potential non-invasive tools for the diagnosis of COPD.
The genotype–phenotype correlations of the CACNA1A-related neurodevelopmental disorders: a small case series and literature reviews
Authors: Kessi Miriam , Chen Baiyu , Pang Nan , Yang Lifen , Peng Jing , He Fang , Yin Fei 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundGenotype–phenotype correlations of the CACNA1A-related neurodevelopmental disorders such as global developmental delay (GDD)/intellectual disability (ID), epileptic encephalopathy (EE), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are unknown. We aimed to summarize genotype–phenotype correlations and potential treatment for CACNA1A-related neurodevelopmental disorders.MethodsSix children diagnosed with CACNA1A-related neurodevelopmental disorders at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from April 2018 to July 2021 were enrolled. The PubMed database was systematically searched for all reported patients with CACNA1A-related neurodevelopmental disorders until February 2023. Thereafter, we divided patients into several groups for comparison.ResultsSix patients were recruited from our hospital. Three cases presented with epilepsy, five with GDD/ID, five with ataxia, and two with ASD. The variants included p.G701R, p.R279C, p.D1644N, p.Y62C, p.L1422Sfs*8, and p. R1664Q [two gain-of-function (GOF) and four loss-of-function (LOF) variants]. About 187 individuals with GDD/ID harboring 123 variants were found (case series plus data from literature). Of those 123 variants, p.A713T and p.R1664* were recurrent, 37 were LOF, and 7 were GOF. GOF variants were linked with severe-profound GDD/ID while LOF variants were associated with mild–moderate GDD/ID (p = 0.001). The p.A713T variant correlated with severe-profound GDD/ID (p = 0.003). A total of 130 epileptic patients harboring 83 variants were identified. The epileptic manifestations included status epilepticus (n = 64), provoked seizures (n = 49), focal seizures (n = 37), EE (n = 29), absence seizures (n = 26), and myoclonic seizures (n = 10). About 49 (42.20%) patients had controlled seizures while 67 (57.80%) individuals remained with refractory seizures. Status epilepticus correlated with variants located on S4, S5, and S6 (p = 0.000). Among the 83 epilepsy-related variants, 23 were recurrent, 32 were LOF, and 11 were GOF. Status epilepticus was linked with GOF variants (p = 0.000). LOF variants were associated with absence seizures (p = 0.000). Six patients died at an early age (3 months to ≤5 years). We found 18 children with ASD. Thirteen variants including recurrent ones were identified in those 18 cases. GOF changes were more linked to ASD.ConclusionThe p.A713T variant is linked with severe-profound GDD/ID. More than half of CACNA1A-related epilepsy is refractory. The most common epileptic manifestation is status epilepticus, which correlates with variants located on S4, S5, and S6.
A retrospective analysis for investigating the relationship between FIGO stage IVA/IVB and cytoreductive surgery with prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Hong , Luo Min , Peng Chunrong , Huang Jianmei , Wang Dengfeng , Huang Jianming , Zhang Guonan 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of primary debulking surgery (PDS), NACT followed by interval debulking surgery (NACT-IDS), and chemotherapy alone on the prognosis of FIGO stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with different metastatic patterns.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 133 cases of FIGO stage IV EOC with pleural effusion (stage IVA), parenchymal metastases (stage IVB), or extra-abdominal lymph node metastases (stage IVB) at our Hospital between January 2014 and July 2021.ResultsAmong 133 cases with stage IV disease, 16.5% (n=22) presented with pleural effusion, 46.6% (n=62) with parenchymal metastases, and 36.9% (n=49) with extra-abdominal lymph node metastases. Regardless of the metastatic patterns, the 90.2% (n=120) of cases who underwent PDS/NACT-IDS exhibited a significantly superior overall survival (OS) compared to the 9.8% cases (n=13) who received chemotherapy alone (32 vs 17 months, p=0.000). The cohort was further stratified into 58 cases (48.3%) with R0, 41 cases (34.2%) with R1, and 21 cases (17.5%) with R2. The median OS of cases with R0 was significantly better than that of cases with R1/R2 (74 vs 27 months, p=0.000). There was no significant difference in median OS between PDS and NACT-IDS (43 vs 31 months, p=0.676), as well as between FIGO IVA and IVB (35 vs 31 months, p=0.582). Additionally, the metastatic patterns and the number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycles (≤4 or &gt;4) did not demonstrate any prognostic significance for median OS (p=0.820 and 33 vs 26 months, p=0.280, respectively).ConclusionRegardless of FIGO IVA and IVB stages or metastatic patterns, patients diagnosed with stage IV EOC may benefit from cytoreductive surgery with abdominal R0, compared with chemotherapy alone.
Incidence and time trends of childhood hematological neoplasms: a 36-year population-based study in the southern European context, 1983–2018
Authors: Trallero Jan , Sanvisens Arantza , Almela Vich Fernando , Jeghalef El Karoni Noura , Saez Lloret Isabel , Díaz-del-Campo Cristina , Marcos-Navarro Ana Isabel , Aizpurua Atxega Amaia , Sancho Uriarte Patricia , De-la-Cruz Ortega Marta , Sánchez María José , Perucha Josefina , Franch Paula , Chirlaque María Dolores , Guevara Marcela , Ameijide Alberto , Galceran Jaume , Ramírez Cristina , Camblor Marta Rodríguez , Alemán Maria Araceli , Gutiérrez Pilar , Marcos-Gragera Rafael ,   REDECAN
Published: July 2023

BackgroundHematological neoplasms (HNs) are the first and most common childhood cancers globally. Currently, there is a lack of updated population-based data on the incidence of these cancers in the Spanish pediatric population. This study aimed to describe the incidence and incidence trends of HNs in children (0–14 years) in Spain using data from the Spanish Network of Cancer Registries and to compare the results with other southern European countries.MethodsData were extracted from 15 Spanish population-based cancer registries between 1983 and 2018. Cases were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition, first revision, and grouped according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, third edition. Crude rates (CRs), age-specific rates, and age-standardized incidence rates using the 2013 European population (ASRE) were calculated and expressed as cases per 1,000,000 child-years. Incidence trends and annual percentage changes (APCs) were estimated.ResultsA total of 4,747 HNs were recorded (59.5% boys). Age distribution [n (%)] was as follows: &lt;1 year, 266 (5.6%); 1–4 years, 1,726 (36.4%); 5–9 years, 1,442 (30.4%); and 10–14 years, 1,313 (27.6%). Leukemias were the most common group, with a CR and an ASRE of 44.0 (95%CI: 42.5; 45.5) and 44.1 (95%CI: 42.6; 45.7), respectively. The CR and ASRE of lymphomas were 20.1 (95%CI: 19.1; 21.1) and 20.0 (95%CI: 19.0; 21.1), respectively. The comparable incidence rates between our results and those of other southern European countries were similar for lymphomas, while some differences were observed for leukemias. From 1988 to 2016, the trend in leukemia incidence was stable for both sexes, with an APC of 0.0 (95%CI: −0.5; 0.7), whereas a constant overall increase was observed for lymphoma in both sexes, with an APC of 1.0 (95%CI: 0.4; 1.6).ConclusionLeukemias are the most common HNs in children, and their incidence has remained stable since 1988, whereas the incidence of lymphomas has increased every year. Lymphoma incidence is like that of other southern European countries, while leukemia incidence is similar only to that of southwestern European countries. Collaborative cancer registry projects allow for assessing epidemiological indicators for cancers such as HNs, which helps health authorities and clinicians provide more knowledge about these malignancies.
Parapharyngeal meningioma extending through foramen ovale: a case report
Authors: Mao Jin , Wei Kai , Yang Siyu , Hu Ling , Wang Chao 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundMeningioma is a common non-glial tumor of the brain. Extracranial meningiomas in the parapharyngeal space are especially rare. Herein we report a case of extracranial meningioma in the parapharyngeal space and give a comprehensive description of its complete clinical course and radiological findings, which may provide helpful information in the diagnosis and treatment of extracranial meningiomas in the parapharyngeal space.Case PresentationA 61-year-old man presented a slowly increased mass under the left ear without pain and numbness over one year. Ultrasound examination detected a hypoechoic uneven mass behind the left parotid gland with a clear boundary, and color Doppler flow imaging revealed blood flow signals within the mass. Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) of the craniofacial region revealed a homogenous soft tissue mass in the parapharyngeal space without calcification. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that a homogenous soft tissue mass was hyperintense on T2-weighted image, hypointense on T1-weighted image, and obviously enhanced after contrast enhancement in the parapharyngeal space. Coronal MRI showed that the lesion originated from basicranial dura extending into parapharyngeal space through the left foramen ovale at the skull base. Finally, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the final diagnosis of extracranial meningiomas in the parapharyngeal space.ConclusionExtracranial meningiomas of the parapharyngeal space are rare and often pose a diagnostic challenge. Preoperative imaging examinations, especially CT and MRI, can aid in the accurate preoperative diagnosis, especially when intracranial extensions and dural tail signs are observed.
Diagnosis and management of chagasic cardiomyopathy patients in several institutions in Argentina
Authors: Chuit Roberto , Antonietti Laura , Agüero Roberto Nicolás , Varela Gabriela Badino , Mordini Oscar Daniel , Alemandri Emilce , Abril Marcelo , Días Miguel , Yadón Zaida E. , Pizzi Hugo , Pizzi Rogelio 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAccording to estimates by the World Health Organization, the infection and disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi affects almost 6 million people, and more than 1 million suffer chagasic cardiomyopathy (Ch-CMP). It is estimated that 376,000 of these individuals live in Argentina. This study describes the characteristics and medical management of individuals with Ch-CMP in Argentina.MethodsThis is a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study on the diagnosis and clinical and therapeutic evaluation of patients with Ch-MCP using historical records collected from different medical institutions in the country between 1 January 2018 and 30 June 2021.ResultsDuring this period, 652 patients (mean age 61.2 years ± 12.9) were included, with women accounting for 60.3% of the sample. The diagnosis of cardiac insufficiency was 36.0% and 64.4% had arrhythmias. The most common cardiovascular risk factors detected were arterial hypertension (69.5%), smoking (56.6%), and diabetes (20.9%). Less than half of the subjects (45.4%) had been studied by electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, and echocardiogram. ECG studies showed conduction disorders (38.8%), left ventricular hypertrophy (28.1%), ventricular extrasystoles (22.0%), complete right bundle branch block (8.6%), and atrioventricular block (2.6%). According to the Kuschnir classification, 21.4% of the study subjects were in Grade 3.ConclusionsThe patients included in the study had a similar clinical presentation and history of the disease to those published in other studies. When evaluating the medical practices, we found that patients were inadequately studied. Although it is difficult to estimate the fraction of the total number of patients represented by the present study, the study allowed us to establish that the care received by patients was not adequate.