bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faecal metabolome and its determinants in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Vich Vila Arnau , Hu Shixian , Andreu-Sánchez Sergio , Collij Valerie , Jansen Bernadien H , Augustijn Hannah E , Bolte Laura A , Ruigrok Renate A A A , Abu-Ali Galeb , Giallourakis Cosmas , Schneider Jessica , Parkinson John , Al-Garawi Amal , Zhernakova Alexandra , Gacesa Ranko , Fu Jingyuan , Weersma Rinse K 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the intestine, comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. By characterising metabolites in faeces, combined with faecal metagenomics, host genetics and clinical characteristics, we aimed to unravel metabolic alterations in IBD.DesignWe measured 1684 different faecal metabolites and 8 short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids in stool samples of 424 patients with IBD and 255 non-IBD controls. Regression analyses were used to compare concentrations of metabolites between cases and controls and determine the relationship between metabolites and each participant’s lifestyle, clinical characteristics and gut microbiota composition. Moreover, genome-wide association analysis was conducted on faecal metabolite levels.ResultsWe identified over 300 molecules that were differentially abundant in the faeces of patients with IBD. The ratio between a sphingolipid and L-urobilin could discriminate between IBD and non-IBD samples (AUC=0.85). We found changes in the bile acid pool in patients with dysbiotic microbial communities and a strong association between faecal metabolome and gut microbiota. For example, the abundance ofRuminococcus gnavuswas positively associated with tryptamine levels. In addition, we found 158 associations between metabolites and dietary patterns, and polymorphisms nearNAT2strongly associated with coffee metabolism.ConclusionIn this large-scale analysis, we identified alterations in the metabolome of patients with IBD that are independent of commonly overlooked confounders such as diet and surgical history. Considering the influence of the microbiome on faecal metabolites, our results pave the way for future interventions targeting intestinal inflammation.
9 Studying cognitive load in defence
Authors: Richins Matt T , Taylor Helen J , Smith Sarah J 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionCognitive load has a long association with human factors research into safety-critical performance. For example, surgeons need to balance task demands against their available cognitive resources but evidence shows that cognitive overload can impair a surgeon’s performance in complex or non-routine tasks. In Defence, the increasing availability and complexity of data can increase rates of cognitive ‘overload’ in personnel. Conversely, the expanding use of automation can lead to ‘underload’, linked to declines in vigilance. There is a requirement to improve understanding of the impact of technology on cognitive load, how to measure it and effectively manage it for our personnel.MethodTwo studies contribute to supporting this requirement. The first comprised literature reviews to identify candidate measures of cognitive load and subsequent experiments to collect preliminary data from a subset of self-report, physiological, and neurophysiological measures. The second study was an experimental trial of a neuroadaptive system, which used AI to adapt an alerting procedure based on biomarkers of cognitive load.ResultsThe results showed that a number of measures were sensitive to changes in workload and a combined approach provided greater accuracy, compared to a single measure. The trial demonstrated that the neuroadaptive system improved performance in attentionally demanding tasks using early indicators of cognitive overload.ConclusionCognitive load can be measured in a number of ways and this research provides initial evidence of the utility of combining measures to increase validity. Collecting reliable physiological and neurophysiological data is challenging even in controlled lab conditions.Neuroadaptive solutions offer promising ways to mitigate the onset of undesirable neurocognitive states. However, these need to be modelled on individuals’ own psychological state. For example, experienced surgeons or senior residents can process larger amounts of information than novices and an impersonalised system has the potential to increase cognitive load.
Cost-effectiveness of testing forMycoplasma genitaliumamong men who have sex with men in Australia
Authors: Ong Jason J , Lim Aaron , Bradshaw Catriona , Taylor-Robinson David , Unemo Magnus , Horner Paddy J , Vickerman Peter , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesMycoplasma genitalium(MG) disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM). We determined the cost-effectiveness of different testing strategies for MG in MSM, taking a healthcare provider perspective.MethodsWe used inputs from a dynamic transmission model of MG among MSM living in Australia in a decision tree model to evaluate the impact of four testing scenarios on MG incidence: (1) no one tested; (2) symptomatic MSM; (3) symptomatic and high-risk asymptomatic MSM; (4) all MSM. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $A30 000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. We explored the impact of adding an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) tax (ie, additional cost per antibiotic consumed) to identify the threshold, whereby any testing for MG is no longer cost-effective.ResultsTesting only symptomatic MSM is the most cost-effective (ICER $3677 per QALY gained) approach. Offering testing to all MSM is dominated (ie, higher costs and lower QALYs gained compared with other strategies). When the AMR tax per antibiotic given was above $150, any testing for MG was no longer cost-effective.ConclusionTesting only symptomatic MSM is the most cost-effective option, even when the potential costs associated with AMR are accounted for (up to $150 additional cost per antibiotic given). For pathogens like MG, where there are anticipated future costs related to AMR, we recommend models that test the impact of incorporating an AMR tax as they can change the results and conclusions of cost-effectiveness studies.
A Tumor-suppressive Molecular Axis EP300/circRERE/miR-6837-3p/MAVS Activates Type I IFN Pathway and Antitumor Immunity to Suppress Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ding Nan , You A-Bin , Yang Hu , Hu Guo-Sheng , Lai Chun-Ping , Liu Wen , Ye Feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurpose:The oncogenic role of circular RNAs (circRNA) has been well studied in cancers including colorectal cancer. However, tumor-suppressive circRNAs and the mechanism through which they exert their antitumor effects remain largely unknown. We aim to find out the critical tumor-suppressive circRNAs and their possibility to serve as gene therapy targets.Experimental Design:circRNA sequencing, gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments, and transcriptomic analysis were performed to find tumor-suppressive and antitumor immunity effects of circRERE. Molecular biology experiments were conducted for mechanism exploration. Finally, we conducted adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver circRERE (circRERE-AAV) and evaluated circRERE-AAV alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody in C57BL/6J mice bearing subcutaneous MC38 tumors.Results:circRERE is lowly expressed in colorectal cancer. Overexpression of circRERE inhibits the malignant behaviors of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo, while knockdown exhibits the opposite effects. The expression of circRERE is regulated by EP300, a histone acetyltransferase downregulated in colorectal cancer as well. Mechanistically, circRERE acts as a competitive endogenous RNA to sponge miR-6837-3p to upregulate MAVS expression, thereby activating type I IFN signaling and promoting antitumor immunity. Delivery of circRERE-AAV elicits significant antitumor effects, and combination treatment with circRERE-AAV and anti-PD-1 antibody exhibits synergistic effects on tumor growth in preclinical models of colorectal cancer.Conclusions:These results uncover modulatory axis constituting of EP300/circRERE/miR-6837-3p/MAVS and its essential roles in antitumor immunity, and demonstrate that circRERE-AAV might represent a new therapeutic avenue to prime immune responses and boost the effects of immunotherapy in clinic.
ВПЛИВ ТЕРАПЕВТИЧНИХ ВПРАВ НА ПЕРЕБІГ РЕВМАТОЇДНОГО АРТРИТУ
Authors: Марʼяш В. В. 
Published: March 2023

У статті проаналізовано вплив терапевтичних вправ на перебіг ревматоїдного артриту. Мета роботи полягала в розробці програми фізичної терапії для пацієнтів з ревматоїдним артритом та оцінці її ефективності за допомогою клінічного індексу активності захворювання (Clinical Disease Acti­vity Index – CDAI). На основі теоретичного і практичного аналізу обґрунтовано застосування CDAI під час проведення лікування хворих на ревматоїдний артрит. При поєднанні стандартної терапії ревматоїдного артриту з апаратною фізіотерапією та індивідуальними терапевтичними вправами після лікування спостерігають кращий ефект відповідно до даних CDAI порівняно з групою, в якій проводили стандартне лікування згідно з уніфікованим клінічним протоколом. Терапевтичні вправи є ефективними методами у лікуванні пацієнтів з ревматоїдним артритом, не мають побічних ефектів на відміну від медикаментозного лікування та зменшують активність захворювання.
ЗМІНИ ВМІСТУ МОЛЕКУЛ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ МАСИ У ЩУРІВ-САМИЦЬ З ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ ЯЄЧНИКІВ ТА КОРЕКЦІЯ ЇХ ПРЕПАРАТАМИ ІНОЗИТОЛУ
Authors: Терлецька Н. Ю. , Денефіль О. В. 
Published: March 2023

Вступ. Проблема безпліддя є актуальною і на сьогодні. Основними причинами його розвитку є вік; стреси, сидячий спосіб життя, вплив солей важких металів. Препарати інозитолу покращують репродуктивну функцію жінки.
Мета дослідження – оцінити розвиток ендогенної інтоксикації у щурів-самиць з патологією яєчників та провести корекцію препаратами інозитолу.
Методи дослідження. Досліди виконано на 144 білих щурах-самицях лінії Вістар, яких поділили на 4 серії: 1-ша – контроль (щури віком 3,5–4 місяці); 2-га – тварини віком 7,5–8 місяців; 3-тя – щури, яким інтрагастрально 15 днів вводили розчин ацетату свинцю в дозі 0,05 мг/кг; 4-та – тварини, в яких викликали гіподинамічний стрес. У кожній серії було по 3 групи: А – контроль, Б – інозитол, В – FT 500 plus. Інозитол та FT 500 plus вводили інтрагастрально 15 днів з розрахунку 400 мг/кг інозитолу. В сироватці крові визначали вміст молекул середньої маси (МСМ) при λ 280, 260, 254 і 238 нм.
Результати й обговорення. У контролі найбільший вміст МСМ238 спостерігали в 3А групі. У 2А та 4А групах значення були меншими від контролю на 35,7 і 67,9 %. Вміст МСМ254 зріс у 2А та 3А групах, порівняно з 1А, у 2,4 і 3,0 рази. Рівень МСМ260 перевищував показник 1А групи тільки у 2-й с???? ? ?? 44,4 %. ????? ???ерії – на 44,4 %. Вміст МСМ280 був найменшим у серії контролю. Інозитол у щурів 1-ї серії спричинив зниження рівня МСМ238 і МСМ280, зростання – МСМ254 та МСМ260. FT 500 plus призвів до зменшення вмісту МСМ238, але збільшення МСМ254 і МСМ280. У 2-й серії інозитол сприяв зниженню рівня МСМ254 та МСМ280. FT 500 plus викликав зменшення вмісту всіх МСМ. У 3-й серії інозитол та FT 500 plus сприяли зниженню рівня МСМ238 і МСМ280, зростанню вмісту МСМ260. У 4-й серії інозитол спричинив зменшення вмісту МСМ280, але збільшення рівня МСМ254. FT 500 plus призвів до підвищення вмісту МСМ238, МСМ254 і МСМ280.
Висновки. Препарати інозитолу в дозі 400 мг/кг недоцільно використовувати в експерименті для здорових молодих щурів-самиць. У тварин віком 7,5–8 місяців оптимальним для зменшення ендогенної інтоксикації є FT 500 plus. У щурів, які зазнали впливу нанодоз ацетату свинцю, ефективність від застосування інозитолу та FT 500 plus однакова. У щурів, які тривалий час перебувають у гіподинамії і стресі, використання препаратів інозитолу не є ефективним.
Temas de pesquisa, fontes e métodos da demografia histórica do Brasil
Authors: Henry Louis 
Published: March 2023

(1º parágrafo do artigo)
Em Demografia, como nas demais ciéncias humanas, a experimentaçäo é impossivel, ou seja, o demógrafo náo pode variar, de acordo com seus interesses, as condições nas quais desenvolveu-se uma população. Ele somente pode dispor do que a observação lhe fornece, o que afinal é uma colheita pobre e pouco variada, porque as condições são frequentemente semelhantes ou próximas, e porisso mesmo, elas apenas cobrem uma reduzida parte das condições possíveis. Os inconvenientes desta situação são agravados pela tendência da maioria dos demógrafos em se limitar à atualidade, por vezes apenas à atualidade de seu próprio país.
Preferential Hematopoietic Differentiation in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived From Human Umbilical Cord Arterial Endothelial Cells
Authors: Pei Haiyun , Li Huilin , Xu Lei , Zhang Bowen , Zhang Heng , Jia Yali , Liang Liqing , Xie Xiaoyan , Fan Zeng , Yang Zhou , Wang Xiaoling , Song Feiling , He Lijuan , Yue Wen , Pei Xuetao 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The major obstacle for applications of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is efficient and controlled lineage-specific differentiation. Hence, a deeper understanding of the initial populations of hiPSCs is required to instruct proficient lineage commitment.

Methods:
hiPSCs were generated from somatic cells by transduction of 4 human transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC) using Sendai virus vectors. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and transcriptional analysis were performed to evaluate the pluripotent capacity and somatic memory state of hiPSCs. Flow cytometric analysis and colony assays were performed to assess the hematopoietic differentiation capacity of hiPSCs.

Results:

Here, we reveal human umbilical arterial endothelial cell–derived induced pluripotent stem cells (HuA-iPSCs) exhibit indistinguishable pluripotency in comparison with human embryonic stem cells and hiPSCs derived from other tissues of origin (umbilical vein endothelial cells, cord blood, foreskin fibroblasts, and fetal skin fibroblasts). However, HuA-iPSCs retain a transcriptional memory typical of the parental human umbilical cord arterial endothelial cells, together with a strikingly similar DNA methylation signature to umbilical cord blood–derived induced pluripotent stem cells that distinguishes them from other human pluripotent stem cells. Ultimately, HuA-iPSCs are most efficient in targeted differentiation toward hematopoietic lineage among all human pluripotent stem cells based on the functional and quantitative evaluation of both flow cytometric analysis and colony assays. Application of the Rho-kinase activator significantly reduces the effects of preferential hematopoietic differentiation in HuA-iPSCs, reflected in CD34
+
cell percentage of day 7, hematopoietic/endothelial-associated gene expression, and even colony-forming unit numbers.

Conclusions:
Collectively, our data suggest that somatic cell memory may predispose HuA-iPSCs to differentiate more amenably into hematopoietic fate, bringing us closer to generating hematopoietic cell types in vitro from nonhematopoietic tissue for therapeutic applications.
Tympanoplasty in the Setting of Complex Middle Ear Pathology: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gutierrez Jorge A. , Cabrera Claudia I. , Stout Amber , Mowry Sarah E. 
Published: March 2023

Objective: To assess the prognostic factors for anatomic and hearing success after tympanoplasty in the setting of complex middle ear pathology. Methods: A systematic review was performed in January 2022. English-language articles describing outcome data for tympanoplasty repair variables including underlying pathology, perforation location, smoking status, graft technique, reconstruction material, anatomic success, and hearing success were extracted. Articles were included when tympanosclerosis, retraction pockets, adhesions, cholesteatoma, chronic suppurative otitis media, anterior perforations, and smoking were included. Underlying pathology, perforation location, smoking status, graft technique, reconstruction material, anatomic success, and hearing success were extracted. Any factors analyzed as potential indicators of success were sought out. Results: Data sources included PubMed, OVID, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and manual search of bibliographies. Ninety-three articles met final criteria, which accounted for 6685 patients. Fifty articles presented data on both anatomic and hearing outcomes, 32 articles presented data on anatomic outcomes only, and 11 articles presented data on hearing outcomes only. This systematic review found that adhesions and tympanosclerosis were prognostic factors for poorer hearing. Additionally, smoking and tympanosclerosis may be predictive of anatomic failure; however, the significance of this finding was mixed in included studies. This analysis is significantly limited by both the heterogeneity within the patients and the lack of controls. Conclusion: Adhesions and tympanosclerosis were prognostic factors for poorer hearing. Clearly documented methods and outcomes for the included pathologies could lead to more definitive conclusions regarding prognostic factors for success. Level of Evidence: 3B
Religious coping, care burden and psychological distress among informal caregivers of COVID-19 patients: Results of a cross-sectional survey in Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Abo ul Hassan , Muneeb Syed Ali , Manzoor Malik Maliha , Fischer Florian 
Published: March 2023

Background: There is a complex relationship between health and religiosity. People may use religion to cope with difficulties and uncertainties in their life – such as induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between religious coping, care burden and psychological distress among caregivers during COVID-19 in Pakistan. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Pakistan. We used the Religious Coping Scale (RCOPE), Care Burden Scale (CB), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to measure psychological stress from 303 caregivers. Data were analyzed using a hierarchical linear regression model for each of the three outcome variables, which are depression, anxiety, and stress. This analysis allows to investigate whether adding variables significantly improves a model’s ability to predict the criterion variable. Results: The findings reveal that emotional care burden, physical care burden, negative religious coping, and social care burden explain a significant amount of the variance of three components of psychological distress among caregivers. Conclusions: Health experts, psychologists, and policymakers can make better strategies to combat pandemics like COVID-19 by incorporating religious coping methods.
Prevalence, natural history and dynamic nature of chronic headache and medication overuse headache in Italy: The SPARTACUS study
Authors: Favoni Valentina , Mascarella Davide , Giannini Giulia , Bauleo Salvatore , Torelli Paola , Pierangeli Giulia , Cortelli Pietro , Cevoli Sabina ,   the SPARTACUS Study group
Published: March 2023

Background Chronic headaches and medication overuse headache are common and burdening conditions. No studies have evaluated the prevalence of chronic headache and medication overuse headache in an unselected Italian population. Methods We performed a three-year cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based study to investigate prevalence, natural history, and prognostic factors of chronic headache. We delivered a self-administered questionnaire to 25,163 subjects. Chronic headache patients were interviewed by General Practitioners. After three years, medication overuse headache patients were invited to undergo a neurological evaluation at our Center. Results 16,577 individuals completed the questionnaire; 6878 (41,5%) were episodic headache sufferers and 636 (3.8%) were chronic headache subjects. 239 (1.4%) patients were acute medication over-users. All medication overuse headache patients had migraine or headache with migrainous features. At the three-year follow-up of 98 patients, we observed conversion to episodic headaches in 53 (54.1%) patients. 27 (50.9%) patients remitted spontaneously. Conclusions We present the first prevalence data on chronic headache and medication overuse headache in an unselected Italian population and a high rate of spontaneous remission. These data support the interpretation of medication overuse headache as a specific migraine-related disorder that may reflect chronic migraine’s dynamic nature, the need for more specific medication overuse headache diagnostic criteria, and highlight the priority of targeted public health policies.
Intraperitoneal pretreatment of ellagic acid and chrysin alleviate ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity, but betanin induces death in male wistar rats
Authors: Salimi Ahmad , Shabani Mohammad , Mohammadi Hossein , Sudi Vahid 
Published: March 2023

Background Ifosfamide (IFO) is a widely used antineoplastic drug with broad-spectrum efficacy against various types of cancer. However, different toxicities associated with IFO has limited its use. This study was to establish the prophylactic effects of betanin, chrysin and ellagic acid against IFO-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methods Animals were randomly divided into eight groups, control, IFO, IFO + betanin, IFO + chrysin, IFO + ellagic acid, betanin, chrysin and ellagic acid groups. Betanin (50 mg/kg, i.p.), chrysin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and ellagic acid (25 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered to rats once daily for two consecutive days. IFO (500 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered on third day. Results Results demonstrated that only ellagic acid markedly decreased the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholinesterase (BChE) compared with IFO alone, while chrysin was only effective on BChE activity. Also, ellagic acid ameliorated IFO-induced lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion, while chrysin only decreased GSH depletion. Histopathological alteration in the IFO-induced brain tissues were decreased especially after administration of ellagic acid. Intraperitoneal pretreatment with betanin, followed by IFO resulted in death of all treated animals. In addition, all mitochondrial toxicity parameters induced by IFO in the rat brain tissue were ameliorated by ellagic acid, chrysin and even betanin. Conclusion Taken together, our results demonstrated that especially ellagic acid and to some extent chrysin show a typical neuroprotective effect on IFO-induced acute neurotoxicity through mitochondrial protection and antioxidant properties. Also, the results of our studies showed that pretreatment with betanin followed by IFO was lethal.