bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant availability trades off with warning signals and toxin sequestration in the large milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus)
Authors: Heyworth H. Cecilia , Pokharel Prayan , Blount Jonathan D. , Mitchell Christopher , Petschenka Georg , Rowland Hannah M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn some aposematic species the conspicuousness of an individual's warning signal and the concentration of its chemical defense are positively correlated. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, including resource allocation trade‐offs where the same limiting resource is needed to produce both the warning signal and chemical defense. Here, the large milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus: Heteroptera, Lygaeinae) was used to test whether allocation of antioxidants, that can impart color, trade against their availability to prevent self‐damage caused by toxin sequestration. We investigated if (i) the sequestration of cardenolides is associated with costs in the form of changes in oxidative state; and (ii) oxidative state can affect the capacity of individuals to produce warning signals. We reared milkweed bugs on artificial diets with increasing quantities of cardenolides and examined how this affected signal quality (brightness and chroma) across different instars. We then related the expression of warning colors to the quantity of sequestered cardenolides and indicators of oxidative state—oxidative lipid damage (malondialdehyde), and two antioxidants: total superoxide dismutase and total glutathione. Bugs that sequestered more cardenolides had significantly lower levels of the antioxidant glutathione, and bugs with less total glutathione had less luminant orange warning signals and reduced chroma of their black patches compared to bugs with more glutathione. Bugs that sequestered more cardenolides also had reduced red–green chroma of their black patches that was unrelated to oxidative state. Our results give tentative support for a physiological cost of sequestration in milkweed bugs and a mechanistic link between antioxidant availability, sequestration, and warning signals.
Ruppia mongolica (Ruppiaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia (China), based on morphological and genetic data
Authors: Zou Yang , Wang Xiaofan , Xu Xinwei , Yu Dan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRuppia mongolica Y. Zou & X.W. Xu, a new species from Inner Mongolia, China, is described and illustrated. The phylogenetic position of the new species within the genus was analyzed based on eight chloroplast DNA fragments and an ingroup sampling of all Eurasian species of Ruppia. The results showed that R. mongolica formed a separate branch between R. sinensis and the clade of R. maritima, R. brevipedunculata, R. drepanensis, and R. cirrhosa. Based on molecular and geographical evidence, our study reveals that R. mongolica is closely related to R. sinensis and R. brevipedunculata but differs from the former in the length and shape of the peduncle and seed size, and from the latter in the length of the peduncle, number of carpels per flower, and seed size. In addition, the karyotype analysis revealed that R. mongolica is octoploid, which is first reported within Ruppia, further supporting R. mongolica as a new species.
Pregnancy and refractory epilepsy in Sturge–Weber syndrome: Challenges and outcomes
Authors: Olson Jennifer , McKee Heather 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSturge–Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a rare neurocutaneous disorder caused by focal vascular dysplasia. It is associated with facial angiomas, ocular abnormalities, epilepsy, intellectual disability, and leptomeningeal angiomas. There is a paucity of literature regarding the management of epilepsy and pregnancy in women with SWS. The effects of pregnancy on this syndrome therefore remain largely undefined. Consensus on management is needed; as pregnancy has widespread effects on the vascular system and therefore may pose risk in women with SWS. This is a comprehensive review of the existing literature and case report of a woman with SWS, refractory epilepsy, and a successful pregnancy and delivery. Fifteen cases were found and, in addition to our case, 14 cases were reviewed, 11 of which discuss labor and delivery. Neurological complications were described in four cases and successful delivery without complication occurred in seven patient cases.
Synergistic flame retardant linear low‐density polyethylene based on piperazine pyrophosphate and melamine cyanurate
Authors: Chen Kexuan , Bao Qiuru , Chen Gang , Wu Shulong , Liu Yuan , Wang Qi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLinear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) combined with the piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and melamine cyanurate (MCA) was adopted to prepare the flame retardant LLDPE composite by melt blending. The research results showed that the PAPP/MCA mixture with a mass ratio of 4:1 presented the optimal flame retardant effect. With the 25 wt% addition amount, the LLDPE composite passed the UL‐94 V‐0 level (1.6 mm), and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 29.4%. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR) decreased by 78.9% from 877.5 to 185.0 kW/m2, which is attributed to the good synergistic effect between PAPP and MCA, forming the stable and compact char layer. Besides, the thermal behaviors were characterized through thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and the synergistic mechanism was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TG analysis‐infrared spectrometry (TG‐IR), and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that the good synergistic flame retardant effect can enhance the flame retardancy of LLDPE materials, and with the addition of MCA and PAPP, a flame retardant LLDPE composite with good thermal stability and mechanical properties can be prepared with no molten droplets on combustion, which provides a feasible solution for the application of high‐performance halogen‐free flame retardant LLDPE materials.
GPR37L1 controls maturation and organization of cortical astrocytes during development
Authors: Nguyen TrangKimberly Thu , Camp Chad R. , Doan Juleva K. , Traynelis Stephen F. , Sloan Steven A. , Hall Randy A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAstrocyte maturation is crucial to proper brain development and function. This maturation process includes the ramification of astrocytic morphology and the establishment of astrocytic domains. While this process has been well‐studied, the mechanisms by which astrocyte maturation is initiated are not well understood. GPR37L1 is an astrocyte‐specific G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) that is predominantly expressed in mature astrocytes and has been linked to the modulation of seizure susceptibility in both humans and mice. To investigate the role of GPR37L1 in astrocyte biology, RNA‐seq analyses were performed on astrocytes immunopanned from P7 Gpr37L1−/− knockout (L1KO) mouse cortex and compared to those from wild‐type (WT) mouse cortex. These RNA‐seq studies revealed that pathways involved in central nervous system development were altered and that L1KO cortical astrocytes express lower amounts of mature astrocytic genes compared to WT astrocytes. Immunohistochemical studies of astrocytes from L1KO mouse brain revealed that these astrocytes exhibit overall shorter total process length, and are also less complex and spaced further apart from each other in the mouse cortex. This work sheds light on how GPR37L1 regulates cellular processes involved in the control of astrocyte biology and maturation.
Abnormal functional connectivity of the habenula in mild cognitive impairment patients with depression symptoms revealed by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Cao Yungang , Chen Tao , Xia Honglian , Zhu Hong , Hou Hongtao , Guo Zhongwei , Wei Fuquan , Liu Xiaozheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent research suggests that abnormalities in the habenula (HB), a core area of the brain that transmits reward information, may be a determinant of depression. However, it is not clear whether the functional connectivity (FC) pattern of the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with and without depression symptoms is abnormal.MethodsIn this study, we used resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the FC pattern of the HB in MCI patients with depression symptoms (D‐MCI). We acquired fMRI data from 54 subjects on a 3T MRI. Subjects collected included 16 patients with D‐MCI, 18 patients with MCI with no depression, and 20 healthy controls. One way ANCOVA and post hoc t‐test were used to compare the difference in FC strength between the three groups.ResultsThe D‐MCI group had altered FC between the left HB and the right superior temporal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus/opercular part, and right middle frontal gyrus. The D‐MCI group had increased FC between the right HB and precuneus.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the dysfunction of the HB–Default model network might be involved in the neural mechanism underlying depression in MCI.
Algebraic connectivity of the second power of a graph
Authors: Afshari B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDenote the Laplacian of a graph by and its second smallest Laplacian eigenvalue by . If is a graph on vertices, then it is shown that the second smallest eigenvalue of is at least 1, where is the complement of the second power of . As a corollary of this result, it is shown that

where is the number of vertices of eccentricity at least 3 in .
Analysis of on‐chipGSGpads coupling effects on laterally‐coupled and double‐stacked inductors in the millimeter‐wave frequency regime
Authors: Mawuli Ernest Smith , Kang Kai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOn‐chip coupled inductors express huge nonuniform coupling tendencies, especially as frequency increases. This though desirable for wireless/galvanically isolated signal transfer but when mixed with the ground‐signal‐ground (GSG) pad could lead to a misrepresentative of the device's true coupling performance. To determine the coupling between the coupled inductors and that of the GSG pad an integrator analytical model investigating the total coupling effects of the GSG pad on laterally‐coupled and stacked inductors is presented in this study. The model characterizes the lateral and vertical coupling effects using lumped circuit elements with analytical equations. The coupling effects of each component are further decomposed and analyzed as electrical, magnetic, and combined effects. The electrical coupling effect, particularly that of the GSG pad, increases with frequency and impacts significantly on the coupled inductors and the substrate. The mm‐wave frequency characteristics such as skin and proximity effects of the inductors are also modeled by the double RL ladder network. The parameter extraction of the model is based on the measuredS‐parameter data. The validation of the proposed model given the measured scattering parameterS21 dB achieves an RMSE of 0.0132 dB at 50 GHz. The inductor typology is most applicable to two‐port networks for impedance matching, cross‐coupled VCOs, and high‐speed communication networks.
Phage resistance of Salmonella enterica obtained by transposon Tn5‐mediated SefR gene silent mutation
Authors: Wang Yinfeng , Xuan Guanhua , Lin Hong , Fei Zhenhong , Wang Jingxue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSalmonella enterica contamination is a primary cause of global food poisoning. Using phages as bactericidal alternatives to antibiotics could confront the issue of drug resistance. However, the problem of phage resistance, especially mutant strains with multiple phage resistance, is a critical barrier to the practical application of phages. In this study, a library of EZ‐Tn5 transposable mutants of susceptible host S. enterica B3‐6 was constructed. After the infestation pressure of a broad‐spectrum phage TP1, a mutant strain with resistance to eight phages was obtained. Analysis of the genome resequencing results revealed that the SefR gene was disrupted in the mutant strain. The mutant strain displayed a reduced adsorption rate of 42% and a significant decrease in swimming and swarming motility, as well as a significantly reduced expression of the flagellar‐related FliL and FliO genes to 17% and 36%, respectively. An uninterrupted form of the SefR gene was cloned into vector pET‐21a (+) and used for complementation of the mutant strain. The complemented mutant exhibited similar adsorption and motility as the wild‐type control. These results suggest that the disrupted flagellar‐mediated SefR gene causes an adsorption inhibition, which is responsible for the phage‐resistant phenotype of the S. enterica transposition mutant.
Multiple coronally advanced flap with a selective use of connective tissue graft: A 3‐year prospective clinical and histological study
Authors: Di Domenico Giovanna Laura , Di Martino Maria , Arrigoni Gianluigi , Aroca Sofia , de Sanctis Massimo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the 3‐year changes in the gingival dimensions following multiple coronally advanced flap (MCAF) with selective use of connective tissue graft (CTG). In addition, the secondary aim was to histologically identify the factors related to phenotype changes.MethodsTwenty patients treated with MCAF and site‐specific application of a CTG were available for the 3‐year follow‐up. Outcome measures included complete root coverage (CRC), recession reduction, keratinized tissue width (KTW), marginal tissue thickness changes, and primary flap position. Biopsies were harvested at one of the sites treated with the adjunct of CTG. All sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, Verhoeff‐van Gieson, tenascin, and alcian blue stain for semiquantitative evaluation.ResultsAt 3 years, CRC was detected in 86% of sites treated with MCAF alone and 81% of sites treated with MCAF + CTG. The 47% of sites treated with MCAF + CTG presented an apical shift of primary flap from its original position. Linear regression showed a significant association between KTW change and the initial KTW in MCAF‐treated sites, while both initial KTW and position of primary flap were statistically significantly associated factors with KTW changes in the MCAF + CTG group. In all the biopsies examined, there is always a marked and clear separation between the connective tissue of the gingival flap and the palatal connective tissue of the graft.ConclusionsThe selective use of CTG is an effective treatment for multiple gingival recessions. Only a limited increase in KTW can be expected in a bilaminar technique if, during the healing phases, the connective tissue is maintained completely covered.
Microbial ecology of Australian commercial rice koji and soybean miso
Authors: Allwood Joanne G. , Wakeling Lara T. , Bean David C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRice koji and miso are growing in popularity globally. This is because of both the unique sensory properties of the foods, and the belief that fermented foods may be beneficial for our health. This study aimed to increase the collective understanding of the physiochemical properties and microorganisms found in rice koji and miso.ResultsThe microbial communities within rice koji and soybean miso were analyzed using physiochemical, microbiological and metagenomic methods. Metagenomic analysis found Bacillus and Weizmannia were the dominant bacterial genera in rice koji samples, and Tetragenococcus, Staphylococcus and Bacillus predominant in the miso samples. Aspergillus was the predominant fungal genera in all three rice koji samples, and in five of the seven miso samples. Debaryomyces was the dominant genera in one miso sample, while no fungal microorganisms were identified in the other miso sample. The physiochemical analysis found rice koji water activity (Aw) between 0.90 and 0.91 and pH from 5.3 to 5.6. The miso samples showed Aw ranging from 0.73 to 0.88, pH between 4.2 and 5.3, and salt concentration from 6.4% to 15.5%.ConclusionThe predominant genera detected and physiochemical properties in each sample varied according to supplier, length of fermentation and ratio of ingredients used. Details of the microorganisms identified in varieties of unpasteurised rice koji and miso can be used to assist producers with food safety processes, manipulate the flavor of the product and enable accurate labeling of the foods.
Influence of environmental pH on the interaction properties of WP‐EGCG non‐covalent nanocomplexes
Authors: Zhang Shuangling , Dongye Zixuan , Wang Li , Li Zhenru , Kang Mengchen , Qian Yaru , Cheng Xiaofang , Ren Yuhang , Chen Chengwang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhey protein‐epigallocatechin gallate (WP‐EGCG) covalent conjugates and non‐covalent nanocomplexes were prepared and compared using Fourier‐transform infrared spectra. The effect of pH (at 2.6, 6.2, 7.1, and 8.2) on the non‐covalent nanocomplexes' functional properties and the WP‐EGCG interactions were investigated by studying antioxidant activity, emulsification, fluorescence quenching, and molecular docking, respectively.RESULTSWith the formation of non‐covalent and covalent complexes, the amide band decreased; the ‐OH peak disappeared; the antioxidant activity of WP‐EGCG non‐covalent complexes was 2.59‐ and 2.61‐times stronger than WP‐EGCG covalent conjugates for 1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), respectively (particle size: 137 versus 370 nm). The antioxidant activity (DPPH 27.48–44.32%, FRAP 0.47–0.63) was stronger at pH 6.2–7.1 than at pH 2.6 and pH 8.2 (DPPH 19.50% and 26.36%, FRAP 0.39 and 0.41). Emulsification was highest (emulsifying activity index 181 m2 g−1, emulsifying stability index 107%) at pH 7.1. The interaction between whey protein (WP) and EGCG was stronger under neutral and weakly acidic conditions: KSV (5.11–8.95 × 102 L mol−1) and Kq (5.11–8.95 × 1010 L mol s−1) at pH 6.2–7.1. Binding constants (pH 6.2 and pH 7.1) increased with increasing temperature. Molecular docking suggested that hydrophobic interactions played key roles at pH 6.2 and pH 7.1 (∆H > 0, ∆S > 0). Hydrogen bonding was the dominant force at pH 2.6 and pH 8.2 (∆H < 0, ∆S < 0).CONCLUSIONEnvironmental pH impacted the binding forces of WP‐EGCG nanocomplexes. The interaction between WP and EGCG was stronger under neutral and weakly acidic conditions. Neutral and weakly acidic conditions are preferable for WP‐EGCG non‐covalent nanocomplex formation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
AccsHSP21.7 enhances the antioxidant capacity of Apis cerana cerana
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Zhang Yuanying , Niu Xiaojing , Sun Yunhao , Wang Hongfang , Guo Xingqi , Xu Baohua , Wang Chen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe widespread use of glyphosate has many adverse effects on Apis cerana cerana. Due to the incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms of glyphosate toxicity, there are no available methods for mitigating the threat of glyphosate to Apis cerana cerana. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) play an important role in resisting oxidative stress, but their mechanism of action in Apis cerana cerana remains unclear.RESULTSIn this experiment, we cloned and identified AccsHSP21.7. Studies have shown that AccsHSP21.7 contains binding motifs for various transcription factors related to oxidative stress. Abiotic stresses induced the expression of AccsHSP21.7. Bacteriostatic testing of a recombinant AccsHSP21.7 protein proved that Escherichia coli overexpressing AccsHSP21.7 showed increased resistance to oxidative stress. Knocking down the AccsHSP21.7 gene caused significant damage to midgut cells, which seriously disrupted the antioxidant system in Apis cerana cerana and greatly increased mortality under glyphosate stress.CONCLUSIONThis study investigated the relationship between antioxidant regulation and the AccsHSP21.7 gene at the molecular level, and the results have guiding significance for the improvement of stress resistance in Apis cerana cerana. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lactobacillus paracaseiTK1501 fermented soybeans alleviate dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis by regulating intestinal cell function
Authors: Chen Kaiyang , Luo Honglian , Li Yaqi , Han Xuemei , Gao Congcong , Wang Ningyu , Lu Fuping , Wang Haikuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDProbiotic food provide health benefits by regulating intestinal floras via live bacteria, but the shelf life is short and the preservation condition is demanding due to the bacteria being fragile. Owing to these problems, we have tried to find a fermented food that is helpful for inflammatory bowel disease treatment but independent of live bacteria. In addition, the mechanisms of fermented food were investigated. Dextran sulfate sodium was used to model inflammatory bowel disease in mice, and Lactobacillus paracasei TK1501 fermented soybeans and their metabolites were used to treat inflammatory bowel disease.RESULTSIn this study, TK1501 fermented soybean alleviated colitis. However, the efficacy was associated with bacterial metabolites but not live or dead bacteria. Compositional analysis of soybean before and after fermentation shows that soy carbohydrates were used for bacteria growth and produced functional substances. Further, we display the main active ingredient was lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan, because lipoteichoic acid reduced the colonic macrophage and peptidoglycan may increase the mucin‐2 expression. A cell experiment displayed that lipoteichoic acid could enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages.CONCLUSIONIn general, TK1501 fermented soybean alleviating colitis is dependent on metabolites of TK1501, particularly lipoteichoic acid and peptidoglycan. The fermented food may have a long shelf life and lax storage condition. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bidirectional Association Between Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Glaucoma: A Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Tae‐Eun , Kim Jong Seung , Yeo Cha Dong , Yeom Sang Woo , Lee Min Gyu , Kang Min Gu , Lee Haeng‐Jin , Lee Eun Jung 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the bidirectional association between sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) over a 12‐year follow‐up period using nationwide, population‐based data.MethodsThe study was conducted using the National Health Information Database of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS‐NHID), which covered 3.5 million individuals from 2008 to 2019. In Study 1, we evaluated the effect of OAG on SSNHL, and in Study 2, we evaluated the effect of SSNHL on OAG. Participants of the control group were enrolled through “greedy nearest‐neighbor” 1:1 propensity score matching.ResultsIn Study 1, 26,777 people were included in each group. The hazard ratio (HR) for SSNHL of the OAG group was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–1.39). In subgroup analysis, there was significant HR value regarding (old age: 1.17, hyperlipidemia: 1.19). In Study 2, 15,433 people were included in each group. The HR for OAG of the SSNHL group was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.07–1.30). In subgroup analysis, the HRs were significant for old age (2.31), hypertension (1.17), diabetes (1.39), and hyperlipidemia (1.26).ConclusionOver the 12‐year follow‐up, we found a bidirectional association between SSNHL and OAG, suggesting a shared pathogenesis.Level of evidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 133:3169–3177, 2023