bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXTRATOS FLORAIS DO DOMÍNIO CERRADO E INIBIÇÃO DA ACETILCOLINESTERASE
Authors: Pereira de Menezes Filho Antonio Carlos , Ventura Matheus Vinícius Abadia , Alves Ivan , Castro Carlos Frederico de Souza , Soares Frederico Antônio Loureiro , Teixeira Marconi Batista 
Published: July 2023

O Cerrado brasileiro possui uma grande diversidade florística ainda pouco estudada sobre os efeitos e possíveis atividades biológicas de interesse humano, como a inibição da acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Extratos florais liofilizados de diferentes espécies vegetais produzidos entre 2017-2022, mantidos a -12 °C, foram utilizados. O método de inibição da acetilcolinesterase utilizada, foi proposto por Ellman, modificado por Miloševića e colaboradores para leitor de microplacas espectrofotométrico UV-Vis de 96-poços, utilizando como controle positivo padrão a eserina. Dos 43 extratos florais sobre a inibição de AChE C. regium, J. ulei, O. spectabilis, O. lancifolia e S. ferrugineus apresentaram as mais altas taxas de inibição > 50%. Os extratos florais de A. humile, B. forficata, F. florida, H. stigonocarpa, H. courbaril, K. lathrophytum, M. guianensis, P. spruceanum, P. ovatum, Q. grandiflora, S. grandiflora, S. dysentericus, S. convallariodora, T. stenocarpa e Z. rhoifolium não demonstram nenhuma atividade sobre AChE. Os achados sobre os extratos florais em diferentes solventes neste estudo, elucidam a necessidade de um trabalho futuro na separação das fitomoléculas e determinação da atividade de inibição da AChE, promovendo como novas candidatas a moléculas no desenvolvimento de novos fármacos inibidores de AChE.
Palavras-chave: Cochlospermum; Tabebuia; inibição enzimática; acetilcolina; Myrcia; Jacaranda; Brosimum; sistema nervoso.

Cerrado domain floral extracts and acetylcholinesterase inhibition

ABSTRACT: The Brazilian Cerrado has great floristic diversity that is still poorly studied on the effects and possible biological activities of human interest, such as the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Lyophilized floral extracts of different plant species produced between 2017-2022, kept at -12 °C, were used. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition method used was proposed by Ellman, modified by Miloševića and collaborators for a 96-well UV-Vis spectrophotometric microplate reader, using eserine as a standard positive control. On the 43 floral extracts on AChE inhibition C. regium, J. ulei, O. spectabilis, O. lancifolia and S. ferrugineus showed the highest inhibition rates > 50%. Floral extracts of A. humile, B. forficata, F. florida, H. stigonocarpa, H. courbaril, K. lathrophytum, M. guianensis, P. spruceanum, P. ovatum, Q. grandiflora, S. grandiflora, S. dysentericus, S. convallariodora, T. stenocarpa and Z. rhoifolium show no activity on AChE. The findings on the floral extracts in different solvents in this study, elucidate the need for future work in the separation of phytomolecules and determination of AChE inhibition activity, promoting them as new candidates for molecules in the development of new AChE inhibitor drugs.
Keywords: Cochlospermum; Tabebuia; enzyme inhibition; acetylcholine; Myrcia; Jacaranda; Brosimum; nervous system.
Implementasi Mind Mapping Network Tree untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA pada Materi Sistem Pertahanan Tubuh
Authors: Ibrahim  , Azwir  , Akmal Nurul , Khalil Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh implementasi peta konsep (mind mapping) tipe pohon jaringan (network tree) terhadap hasil belajar siswa SMA Negeri di Banda Aceh pada materi sistem pertahanan tubuh. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest-posttest control group design.Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas 70 siswa dari kelas perlakuan dan kelas kontrol yang terdiri dari masing-masing 35 siswa. Pembelajaran materi sistem pertahanan tubuh pada kelas perlakuan dilakukan dengan menggunakan mind mapping network tree, sedangkan pada kelas kontrol pembelajaran dilakukan secara konvensional. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk menilai hasil belajar adalah tes pilihan ganda. Analisis data dilakukan dengan N-gain, uji varian, uji kesamaan dua rata-rata, dan uji hipotesis untuk melihat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa pada kedua kelas yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan nilai hasil belajar siswa setelah pembelajaran dengan rata-rata N-gainsebesar 0.63 dengan kategori sedang, uji varian sebesar 30.25, hasil uji kesamaan dua rata-rata yaitu 26.63, uji hipotesis yaitu 2.76, dan derajat kebebasannya sebesar 70, sehingga diperoleh nilai t hitung>t tabel (2.76>1.99). Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran mind mapping network tree mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi sistem pertahanan tubuh.
PERTUMBUHAN IKAN CUPANG (Betta splendens) DENGAN PEMBERIAN TEPUNG LIMBAH CANGKANG KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla sp.)
Authors: Sulastri Irma 
Published: July 2023

Ikan cupang (Betta splendens) merupakan ikan yang hidup di air tawar dan diminati oleh masyarakat sebagai ikan hias atau ikan aduan, hal ini dikarenakan ikan cupang memiliki warna tubuh dan ciri khas yang sangat menarik perhatian orang. Pertumbuhan ikan dipengaruhi faktor internal yaitu jenis kelamin dan gen, sedangkan faktor ekternal antara lain pakan kemudian lingkungan hidup ikan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pakan campuran tepung limbah cangkang kepiting bakau (Scylla sp.) terhadap pertumbuhan bobot tubuh ikan cupang. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen non-faktorial dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan itu terdiri dari P0 (0g), P1 (63g), P2 (126g) dan P3 (189g) tepung cangkang kepiting. Data analisis menggunakan uji Analisis Varian (ANOVA). Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa P3 merupakan perlakuan yang mengalami pertumbuhan bobot tubuh lebih besar, namun setelah uji hipotesis pertumbuhan bobot tubuh ikan tidak berpengaruh karena nilai Fhitung < Ftabel dan disetiap perlakuan hanya berbeda 0,1 g.
Kajian Etnobotani Tanaman Obat Masyarakat Desa Penyangga di Sekitar Taman Nasional Alas Purwo Banyuwangi
Authors: Mushoffa  , Wijaksono Agus , Khalil Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

Kajian etnobotani memberikan manfaat plasma nutfah yang sangat besar bagi kehidupan salah satunya sebagai sumber pengobatan alami dari alam. Tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat banyak sekali di temukan di ekosistem alami salah satunya di Taman Nasional. Kawasan Taman Nasional Alas Purwo Banyuwangi kaya akan flora dan fauna ada sekitar 584 jenis tumbuhan berpotensi mempunyai khasiat obat yang menghuni konservasi ini terdiri dari rumput, herba, semak dan pepohonan yang masih belum banyak diketahui dan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar taman nasional maupun masyarakat di wilayah Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis, bagian atau organ, dan bagaimana cara pemanfaatan tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat oleh masyarakat desa penyangga di sekitar Taman Nasional alas purwo. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survey dengan teknik wawancara yang disertai dengan keterlibatan aktif peneliti dalam kehidupan masyarakat setempat Participatory Etnobotanical Appraisal (PEA). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Terdapat 35 Jenis tumbuhan dari 19 famili yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat oleh masyarakat desa penyangga Taman Nasional Alas Purwo yakni Desa Kalipait dan Desa Grajagan. Bagian dari tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan ada 11 bagian diantarannya adalah biji, getah, akar, kulit, batang, dan daun, bunga, umbi, rimpang, buah, dan semua bagian tumbuhan. Masyarakat biasa memanfaatkan cara pemanfaatan tumbuhan diantaranya adalah diparut, digosok, dikucak, ditempel, ditumbuk, direbus, dibungkus, diremas dan diasar.
PREFÁCIO DE CARLO SARCHI À TRADUÇÃO ITALIANA DO DIREITO UNIVERSAL DE VICO
Authors: Teixeira Braga Filho Jose Valdir 
Published: July 2023

O prefácio em questão foi escrito à propósito da tradução em língua italiana de 1866 do Direito Universal (1722) de Giambattista Vico, escrito em latim. O tradutor e prefacista, Carlo Sarchi, ressalta aspectos decisivos, como a relação entre os conceitos de razão e autoridade e também defende a contemporaneidade da hipótese de Vico sobre o papel do direito na origem da civilização e sua composição em classes antagônicas. Sarchi explica que a teoria de Vico sobre o direito se comprova no carácter antiquado do direito das nações modernas. A presente tradução reproduz o uso de maiúsculas e minúsculas em conceitos tais como no original, por outro lado, o uso de sinais de pontuação foi alterado em trechos importantes para que o texto faça sentido em língua portuguesa.
Applications of nanotechnologies for miRNA-based cancer therapeutics: current advances and future perspectives
Authors: Bravo-Vázquez Luis Alberto , Méndez-García Andrea , Rodríguez Alma L. , Sahare Padmavati , Pathak Surajit , Banerjee Antara , Duttaroy Asim K. , Paul Sujay 
Published: July 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (18–25 nt), non-coding, widely conserved RNA molecules responsible for regulating gene expression via sequence-specific post-transcriptional mechanisms. Since the human miRNA transcriptome regulates the expression of a number of tumor suppressors and oncogenes, its dysregulation is associated with the clinical onset of different types of cancer. Despite the fact that numerous therapeutic approaches have been designed in recent years to treat cancer, the complexity of the disease manifested by each patient has prevented the development of a highly effective disease management strategy. However, over the past decade, artificial miRNAs (i.e., anti-miRNAs and miRNA mimics) have shown promising results against various cancer types; nevertheless, their targeted delivery could be challenging. Notably, numerous reports have shown that nanotechnology-based delivery of miRNAs can greatly contribute to hindering cancer initiation and development processes, representing an innovative disease-modifying strategy against cancer. Hence, in this review, we evaluate recently developed nanotechnology-based miRNA drug delivery systems for cancer therapeutics and discuss the potential challenges and future directions, such as the promising use of plant-made nanoparticles, phytochemical-mediated modulation of miRNAs, and nanozymes.
Application of conjugated materials in muscle movement recovery process
Authors: Zhang Dengfeng , Fan Guanxi 
Published: July 2023

Conjugate materials have a good application effect in muscle movement recovery. This article aims to provide more references for the practical application of conjugated materials in sports recovery. This paper takes the students of the local physical education college as the experimental object, and selects the students who have sports muscle fatigue or injury for the test. In this paper, they are randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group, with 19 students in each group. The experimental group used the conjugate material in this paper for muscle movement recovery, while the control group used the traditional method for muscle movement recovery. This paper tested the peak torque, total work done, maximum radial displacement, and contraction time of two groups of students after initial exercise and muscle recovery. The experimental results showed that after 80 h of muscle movement recovery, the peak torque values of isometric contraction (264.59) and concentric contraction (160.81) of students in the experimental group were higher than those of students in the control group (233.79) and concentric contraction (130.43), and the difference was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05); the isometric contraction time (30.02) and concentric contraction time (29.31) of the experimental group were also higher than those of the control group (27.31) and concentric contraction time (24.58), which was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05). This study shows that conjugated materials have a significant effect on promoting muscle recovery. They not only help to increase the peak torque of muscle isometric contraction and concentric contraction, but also increase the time of muscle contraction and improve muscle mass.
How are AI assistants changing higher education?
Authors: Schön Eva-Maria , Neumann Michael , Hofmann-Stölting Christina , Baeza-Yates Ricardo , Rauschenberger Maria 
Published: July 2023

ContextHigher education is changing at an accelerating pace due to the widespread use of digital teaching and emerging technologies. In particular, AI assistants such as ChatGPT pose significant challenges for higher education institutions because they bring change to several areas, such as learning assessments or learning experiences.ObjectiveOur objective is to discuss the impact of AI assistants in the context of higher education, outline possible changes to the context, and present recommendations for adapting to change.MethodWe review related work and develop a conceptual structure that visualizes the role of AI assistants in higher education.ResultsThe conceptual structure distinguishes between humans, learning, organization, and disruptor, which guides our discussion regarding the implications of AI assistant usage in higher education. The discussion is based on evidence from related literature.ConclusionAI assistants will change the context of higher education in a disruptive manner, and the tipping point for this transformation has already been reached. It is in our hands to shape this transformation.
Prophylactic central neck dissection for cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma: is there any difference between western countries and China? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Jiaxin , Han Yuling , Min Yu , Chen Cheng , Chen Jialin , Xiang Ke , Liao Jiahu , Feng Yang , Hu Daixing , Yin Guobing 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundRecommendations for the performance of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) in patients with clinically node-uninvolved (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are not the same. This meta-analysis set out to compare the effectiveness of pCND with total thyroidectomy (TT) in different countries and regions, mainly between western countries and China.MethodsThe electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies published until August 2022. The incidence rate of cervical lymph node metastases (LNMs), locoregional recurrences (LRRs), and postoperative complications were pooled by a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses based on different countries and regions were performed.ResultsEighteen studies involving 5,346 patients were analyzed. In the subgroup of western countries, patients undergoing pCND with TT had a significantly lower LRR rate [69/1,804, 3.82% vs. 139/2,541, 5.47%; odds ratio (OR) = 0.56; 95% CI 0.37–0.85] and a higher rate of temporary hypoparathyroidism (HPT) (316/1,279, 24.71% vs. 194/1,467, 13.22%; OR = 2.23; 95% CI 1.61–3.08) than that of the TT alone group, while no statistically significant difference was found in the rate of permanent HPT and temporary and permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. In the Chinese subgroup, the pCND with TT group had a significantly higher incidence rate of both temporary HPT (87/374, 23.26% vs. 36/324, 11.11%; OR = 2.24; 95% CI 1.32–3.81) and permanent HPT (21/374, 5.61% vs. 4/324, 1.23%; OR = 3.58; 95% CI = 1.24–10.37) than that of the TT alone group, while no significant difference was detected in the rate of LRR and temporary and permanent RLN injury.ConclusionCompared with the TT alone for cN0 PTC patients, pCND with TT had a significantly lower LRR rate while having a higher temporary HPT rate in Europe, America, and Australia; however, it showed no significant difference in decreasing LRR rate while having a significantly raised rate of temporary and permanent HPT in China. More population-based results are required to advocate precision medicine in PTC.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022358546.
Association between COVID-19 and incidence of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among patients with diabetes
Authors: Jung Hee Sun , Choi Jae Woo 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAlthough the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is higher in patients who are diagnosed with diabetes than in those who are not, research on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19 infected patients diagnosed with diabetes compared to those who are not infected by COVID-19 is lacking. This study aimed to examine the association between COVID-19, incidence of CVD, and all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes.MethodsThis study used data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment, and included 16,779 patients with COVID-19 and 16,779 matched controls between January 2017 and June 2021. The outcomes included cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate these associations.ResultsPatients with diabetes hospitalized because of COVID-19 had a significantly increased risk of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.97, 2.27) than those without COVID-19. The risks of coronary heart disease (AHR, 2.00; 95% CI: 1.85, 2.17) and stroke (AHR, 2.21; 95% CI: 1.90, 2.57) were higher in the intervention group than in the control group. In the case of all-cause mortality for middle-aged adults, we observed a higher risk in diabetes patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 than in patients without COVID-19 (AHR, 1.37; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.59).ConclusionsThis study showed that patients with diabetes hospitalized due to COVID-19 had an increased risk of CVD, coronary heart disease, stroke incidence, and mortality than those who were not COVID-19 infected, suggesting more careful prevention and management among patients with COVID-19.
COVID-19 and the risk of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Sun Dongren , Du Qin , Wang Rui , Shi Ziyan , Chen Hongxi , Zhou Hongyu 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAn increasing number of studies have elucidated a close nexus between COVID-19 phenotypes and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), yet the causality between them remains enigmatic.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis employing summary data sourced from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) pertaining to COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, severity, and NMOSD. The primary MR analysis employed the Inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach, which was supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods. We implemented various sensitivity analyses including Cochran’s Q test, MR-PRESSO method, MR-Egger intercept, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plot.ResultsThe MR results demonstrated a nominal association between COVID-19 susceptibility and the risk of AQP4+ NMOSD, as evidenced by the IVW method (OR = 4.958; 95% CI: 1.322-18.585; P = 0.018). Conversely, no causal association was observed between COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, or severity and the increased risk of NMOSD, AQP4-NMOSD, or AQP4+ NMOSD. The comprehensive sensitivity analyses further bolstered the robustness and consistency of the MR estimates.ConclusionOur findings provide compelling evidence for a causal effect of COVID-19 phenotype on AQP4+ NMOSD, shedding new light on the understanding of the comorbidity between COVID-19 and NMOSD.
Non-invasive skin measurement methods and diagnostics for vitiligo: a systematic review
Authors: Abdi Parsa , Anthony Michelle R. , Farkouh Christopher , Chan Airiss R. , Kooner Amritpal , Qureshi Simal , Maibach Howard 
Published: July 2023

Vitiligo is a multifaceted autoimmune depigmenting disorder affecting around 0.5 to 2.0% of individuals globally. Standardizing diagnosis and therapy tracking can be arduous, as numerous clinical evaluation methods are subject to interobserver variability and may not be validated. Therefore, there is a need for diagnostic tools that are objective, dependable, and preferably non-invasive.AimsThis systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the non-invasive objective skin measurement methods that are currently used to evaluate the diagnosis, severity, and progression of vitiligo, as well as the advantages and limitations of each technique.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was used for the systematic review. Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched for non-invasive imaging and biophysical skin measuring methods to diagnose, evaluate the severity of, or monitor the effects of vitiligo treatment. The risk of bias in included articles was assessed using the QUADAS-2 quality assessment scale.ResultsAn extensive literature search resulted in 64 studies for analysis, describing eight imaging techniques (reflectance confocal microscopy, computer-aided imaging analysis, optical coherence tomography, infrared photography, third-harmonic generation microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, ultraviolet light photography, and visible light/digital photograph), and three biophysical approaches (dermoscopy, colorimetry, spectrometry) used in diagnosing and assessing vitiligo. Pertinent information about functionality, mechanisms of action, sensitivity, and specificity was obtained for all studies, and insights into the strengths and limitations of each diagnostic technique were addressed. Methodological study quality was adequate; however, statistical analysis was not achievable because of the variety of methods evaluated and the non-standardized reporting of diagnostic accuracy results.ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review can enhance clinical practice and research by providing a comprehensive overview of the spectrum of non-invasive imaging and biophysical techniques in vitiligo assessment. Studies with larger sample sizes and sound methodology are required to develop verified methods for use in future practice and research.Systematic review registration(PROSPERO) database, (CRD42023395996).