bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle Architecture Adaptations to Static Stretching Training: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Panidi Ioli , Donti Olyvia , Konrad Andreas , Dinas Petros C. , Terzis Gerasimos , Mouratidis Athanasios , Gaspari Vasiliki , Donti Anastasia , Bogdanis Gregory C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Long-term stretching of human skeletal muscles increases joint range of motion through altered stretch perception and decreased resistance to stretch. There is also some evidence that stretching induces changes in muscle morphology. However, research is limited and inconclusive.

Objective
To examine the effect of static stretching training on muscle architecture (i.e., fascicle length and fascicle angle, muscle thickness and cross-sectional area) in healthy participants.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus were searched. Randomized controlled trials and controlled trials without randomization were included. No restrictions on language or date of publication were applied. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools. Subgroup analyses and random-effects meta-regressions were also performed using total stretching volume and intensity as covariates. Quality of evidence was determined by GRADE analysis.

Results
From the 2946 records retrieved, 19 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis (n = 467 participants). Risk of bias was low in 83.9% of all criteria. Confidence in cumulative evidence was high. Stretching training induces trivial increases in fascicle length at rest (SMD = 0.17; 95% CI 0.01–0.33; p = 0.042) and small increases in fascicle length during stretching (SMD = 0.39; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.74; p = 0.026). No increases were observed in fascicle angle or muscle thickness (p = 0.30 and p = 0.18, respectively). Subgroup analyses showed that fascicle length increased when high stretching volumes were used (p < 0.004), while no changes were found for low stretching volumes (p = 0.60; subgroup difference: p = 0.025). High stretching intensities induced fascicle length increases (p < 0.006), while low stretching intensities did not have an effect (p = 0.72; subgroup difference: p = 0.042). Also, high intensity stretching resulted in increased muscle thickness (p = 0.021). Meta-regression analyses showed that longitudinal fascicle growth was positively associated with stretching volume (p < 0.02) and intensity (p < 0.04).

Conclusions
Static stretching training increases fascicle length at rest and during stretching in healthy participants. High, but not low, stretching volumes and intensities induce longitudinal fascicle growth, while high stretching intensities result in increased muscle thickness.

Registration

PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42021289884.
What are the core recommendations for gout management in first line and specialist care? Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Conley Brooke , Bunzli Samantha , Bullen Jonathan , O’Brien Penny , Persaud Jennifer , Gunatillake Tilini , Dowsey Michelle M , Choong Peter F , Nikpour Mandana , Grainger Rebecca , Lin Ivan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis, increasing in prevalence and burden. Of the rheumatic diseases, gout is the best-understood and potentially most manageable condition. However, it frequently remains untreated or poorly managed. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) regarding gout management, evaluate their quality, and to provide a synthesis of consistent recommendations in the high-quality CPGs.

Methods
Gout management CPGs were eligible for inclusion if they were (1) written in English and published between January 2015-February 2022; focused on adults aged ≥ 18 years of age; and met the criteria of a CPG as defined by the Institute of Medicine; and (2) were rated as high quality on the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument. Gout CPGs were excluded if they required additional payment to access; only addressed recommendations for the system/organisation of care and did not include interventional management recommendations; and/or included other arthritic conditions. OvidSP MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and four online guideline repositories were searched.

Results
Six CPGs were appraised as high quality and included in the synthesis. Clinical practice guidelines consistently recommended education, commencement of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, colchicine or corticosteroids (unless contraindicated), and assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, renal function, and co-morbid conditions for acute gout management. Consistent recommendations for chronic gout management were urate lowering therapy (ULT) and continued prophylaxis recommended based on individual patient characteristics. Clinical practice guideline recommendations were inconsistent on when to initiate ULT and length of ULT, vitamin C intake, and use of pegloticase, fenofibrate and losartan.

Conclusion
Management of acute gout was consistent across CPGs. Management of chronic gout was mostly consistent although there were inconsistent recommendations regarding ULT and other pharmacological therapies. This synthesis provides clear guidance that can assist health professionals to provide standardised, evidence-based gout care.

Trial registration
The protocol for this review was registered with Open Science Framework (DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UB3Y7).
Smallholder farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards biological control of papaya mealybug in Kenya
Authors: Constantine Kate , Makale Fernadis , Mugambi Idah , Rware Harrison , Chacha Duncan , Lowry Alyssa , Rwomushana Ivan , Williams Frances 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Farmer perceptions are highly important in influencing on-farm pest management decision-making. Biological control is extremely sustainable in the smallholder production context, but in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) few attempts using this pest control method for arthropod pests have been successful, with one of the key reasons cited as poor involvement of farming communities and extension in the dissemination of information. Although farmers’ knowledge and attitudes are hugely important for the successful implementation of biological control, they are often disregarded. Papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus) (PMB) has rapidly spread and established in suitable areas across Kenya becoming a serious pest. The objective of this study is to determine smallholder farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards biological control; farmers’ willingness to reduce their chemical pesticide use; and levels of support for a classical biological control initiative for PMB management.

Methods
Household surveys were conducted covering 383 farming households (148 women) in four papaya producing counties in Kenya alongside key informant interviews with eight extension agents and thirty agro-dealers, and eight focus group discussions.

Results
Although some farmers demonstrated awareness of the concept of biological control they lacked knowledge, experience and technical support from extension or agro-dealers. Reasons for not using biological control included inadequate awareness and concerns over efficacy and safety. Farmers expressed high levels of interest and willingness to support biological control, and were willing to reduce their chemical pesticide use to help conserve, and support the establishment of natural enemies. County, perception of biological as safe, training in IPM and gender were all highly significant factors determining farmers willingness to support biological control.

Conclusions
Previously, poor attention has been paid to farmer perceptions and participation in biological control, which has resulted in limited success in developing countries. With high levels of interest and willingness to support biological control, the next step is to engage with farming communities impacted by PMB. By building awareness and capacity, and developing a management plan with farmers that will support the release and establishment of the biological control agent, Acerophagus papayae, long-term, sustainable control of PMB in Kenya is possible.
Clinical Multigene Panel Testing Identifies Racial and Ethnic Differences in Germline Pathogenic Variants Among Patients With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Seagle Hannah M. , Keller Samantha R. , Tavtigian Sean V. , Horton Carolyn , Holowatyj Andreana N. 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE The early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) burden differs across racial/ethnic groups, yet the role of germline genetic predisposition in EOCRC disparities remains uncharacterized. We defined the prevalence and spectrum of inherited colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility gene variations among patients with EOCRC by race and ethnicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS We included individuals diagnosed with a first primary CRC between age 15 and 49 years who identified as Ashkenazi Jewish, Asian, Black, Hispanic, or White and underwent germline genetic testing of 14 CRC susceptibility genes performed by a clinical testing laboratory. Variant comparisons by racial and ethnic groups were evaluated using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, CRC site, and number of primary colorectal tumors. RESULTS Among 3,980 patients with EOCRC, a total of 530 germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 485 individuals (12.2%). By race/ethnicity, 12.7% of Ashkenazim patients, 9.5% of Asian patients, 10.3% of Black patients, 14.0% of Hispanic patients, and 12.4% of White patients carried a germline variant. The prevalence of Lynch syndrome ( P = .037), as well as APC, CHEK2, MLH1, monoallelic MUTYH, and PTEN variants, varied by race/ethnicity among patients with EOCRC (all P < .026). Ashkenazim and Hispanic patients had significantly higher odds of presenting with a pathogenic APC variant, which included p.I1307K (odds ratio [OR], 2.67; 95% CI, 1.30 to 5.49; P = .007) and MLH1 variant (OR, 8.69; 95% CI, 2.68 to 28.20; P = .0003), respectively, versus White patients in adjusted models. CONCLUSION Germline genetic features differed by race/ethnicity in young patients with CRC, suggesting that current multigene panel tests may not be representative of EOCRC risk in diverse populations. Further study is needed to optimize genes selected for genetic testing in EOCRC via ancestry-specific gene and variant discovery to yield equitable clinical benefits for all patients and to mitigate inequities in disease burden.
Ambedkar's Śūnyatā and the Impermanence of the Theologico-Political
Authors: Sperner Philipp 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article engages with B. R. Ambedkar as political philosopher and key contributor to debates on global democracy and the genealogy of democratic ideas outside the West. I focus specifically on Ambedkar's use of Buddhist philosophy and the concept of śūnyatā (emptiness/impermanence), which plays a central role in his search for a nontheological democratic politics. In order to explore the implications of such a politics, the article brings Ambedkar into conversation with Claude Lefort and his theorization of the relationships between politics, religion, and democracy. Through this reading, Ambedkar's political philosophy becomes legible not only as a profound challenge to what Lefort has called the “permanence of the theologico-political” but also as a radical way of combining everyday political practice with an emphatic notion of negative identity.
Concretion
Authors: Quigley Killian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ruins of wrecked ships are often so thoroughly dispersed by their submarine environments as to practically vanish. Sometimes, however, the conditions of a wreck's submergence create complex modes of material endurance. Concretion, which names both a substance that forms on certain immersed surfaces and the phenomenon of that substance's formation, is one such mode. Inspired by maritime-archeological objects and practices, this article asks how concretion—from the Latin concrēscĕre for “to grow together”—marks and reworks imperial (and other) presences at the seabed. The article develops a hermeneutics of benthic becoming at intersections in literary studies, critical theory, cultural geography, and recent subsea turns in the oceanic (and more broadly environmental) humanities. Wrecky concretion, I argue, configures the thickening presences of empire's remains in the course of their underwater lives and in company with seawater, marine organisms, and inanimate beings. In this way, manifestly imperial presences actively coincide with others—and with the agencies, memories, and affects such presences may be understood to express (and not). Pivotally informed by Édouard Glissant's critical deeps, Derek Walcott's “The Sea Is History” (1978), and the politics of memory enacted by the Slave Wrecks Project and Diving with a Purpose, I observe a few of the ways that concretion may be punctuating and revising oceanic spaces, memories, and times. If the world ocean has long been unevenly composed by modernity, capitalism, and empire, it has also been reforming the wrecked stuff it receives into unanticipated configurations, growings-together that these pages provisionally ascertain.
Computational Mechanistic Study on Intramolecular Triple Cyclization of 1-Biphenylethynyl-2-phenylethynylbenzenes Giving Spiro Fluorene-Phenylenevinylenes by Dual Catalysis
Authors: Nagashima Yuki , Ouchi Seiya , Inoue Tomonori , Tanaka Ken 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cationic Au(I) complex-catalyzed double cyclizations of 1,2-dialkynylbenzene derivatives are valuable for the straightforward synthesis of ladder-type π-conjugated compounds. We have previously developed a method for synthesizing ladder-type π-conjugated molecules with spiro skeleton (spiro fluorene-phenylene vinylenes) by the triple cyclization of 1-biphenylethynyl-2-phenylethynylbenzenes using an AuCl(SMe2)/tBuXPhos/AgNTf2 catalyst system. Experimental mechanistic studies revealed that an Ag(I) complex or HNTf2, as well as a cationic Au(I) complex, catalyzes different reaction steps. However, detailed insight into which of the Ag(I) complex or HNTf2 functions as the actual cocatalyst and the origin of the selectivity of the reaction have not been elucidated. Here we report a detailed reaction mechanism for this triple cyclization by dual catalysis based on computational studies. A cationic Au(I) complex catalyzes the first and second cyclization steps, whose regioselectivity is thermodynamically and kinetically controlled. The third spirocyclization step to construct a spirocenter is catalyzed by in situ generated HNTf2 rather than an Au(I) or Ag(I) complex via a benzyl cation intermediate. The present Au(I)/Brønsted acid dual-catalyzed mechanism of the triple cyclization of 1-biphenylethynyl-2-phenylethynylbenzenes provides complimentary activation modes to the conventionally used single Au(I)-catalyzed one.
U Shield 3 Axis CNC Router Training in Tegal City Metal Group to Improve Machinery Capability
Authors: Santoso Irfan , Renggani Wilis Galuh , Agus Shidik Muhammad 
Published: June 2023

Background: One of the main problems for small and medium industries (IKM) is limited capital. The average workforce is only junior high school graduates so that they lack competence and ability to improve product quality that can only compete at the local level.Contribution: The improvement of the small and medium industries (IKM) of Tegal City, especially those engaged in the metal sector, is the responsibility of the relevant agencies and universities.Method: The formulation of the problem taken from this activity is how the training model for the operation of the U Shield 3 axis CNC Router machine is and how the enthusiasm of the participants for this service activity is. The method used is Soft Program and Hard Program.Results: The results of this training activity showed that participants understood the material presented, especially NC-based machines and its development. They also understood the role of the relevant agencies in the progress of the metal industry in Tegal City. In addition, the participants could practice the machine well, and the enthusiasm for this training was very good. It was proven by their desire so that activities like this could be carried out again, specifically discussing image design training.

Conclusion: This activity can establish cooperation between universities, small and medium industries, and the Department of Industry and Trade of the City of Tegal
Media for History Learning In the Digital Era
Authors: Lee Bih Ni 
Published: June 2023

Background: In the information age and today's digital age, educators play an important role in shaping good character. Educators have excellent opportunities to develop professional competencies that can be enhanced, one of which is the ability to technically and creatively create innovative learning designs that facilitate educators' ability to optimize students' abilities.
Contribution: The contribution of this research is to raise awareness among educators in the digital arena of what is required to develop innovative and creative History learning media. Other matters related to educators' confidence in leveraging technology in History learning also need to be optimized.
Method: Synthesis method. Researcher synthesized information naturally to help others see connections between things.
Results: The t-test result indicated that the post-test scores were significantly higher for the experimental group (M = 41.71, SD = 2.14) than for the control group (M = 20.41, SD = 4.3), t = 4.130, p < .001. In other words, there was a significant difference in the mean post-test results between the experimental and control groups. As such, Edmodo can positively impact the academic performance of higher education students. When being applied to the experimental and control methods, the ratio was 2.62, which was greater than the reference value (1.2). This showed that Edmodo effectively improved students' study skills and knowledge.

Conclusion: The impact of this result can be explained by the fact that Edmodo increased the use of collaborative e-learning in the experimental group to keep students informed. A good website provides students with high-quality information, creativity, participatory activities and collaboration in a category called Social Networking and Communication. The application of digital literacy by utilizing media in History learning can be done by utilizing the existing facilities at Edmodo
a practical look at the concept of freedom with a philosophy approach for children in early childhood
Authors: Yüceer Deniz , Coşkun keskin Sevgi 
Published: June 2023

Both social studies and preschool programs mention freedom as a value. However, in typical social studies curricula, the philosophical perspective is not included and no discussion takes place. In the preschool curriculum, freedom is an abstract concept, and the belief that children cannot understand abstract concepts prevails, while value studies are still limited to determining the frequency of values rather than interrogating them. As such, this study aims to explore young children's views on the concept of freedom, how these views changed after their participation in a philosophically oriented activity, and how, consequently, the concept of freedom might be addressed in social studies on a philosophical level. The researchers used an applied qualitative study design, in which 19 children (14 boys, 5 girls) aged 5-6 years were interviewed before and after the presentation of the well-known folk tale “Rapunzel,” along with the question, “… am I free?” An exercise taken from the Philosophy for Children curriculum, "Freedom is similar to…, because…” was used in both pre and post interviews. The study used semi-structured interviews and document analysis as data collection instruments. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive and content analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that before the activity, children tended to discuss the meaning of freedom in the context of its limits (e.g. permission, prohibition, rules), and, following the activity, in the context of positive freedoms (e.g. growth, being independent).
Fabrication of a multifaceted mapping mirror using two-photon polymerization for a snapshot image mapping spectrometer
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Ng Xue Wen , Piston David , Tkaczyk Tomasz S. 
Published: June 2023

A design and fabrication technique for making high-precision and large-format multifaceted mapping mirrors is presented. The method is based on two-photon polymerization, which allows more flexibility in the mapping mirror design. The mirror fabricated in this paper consists of 36 2D tilted square pixels, instead of the continuous facet design used in diamond cutting. The paper presents a detailed discussion of the fabrication parameters and optimization process, with particular emphasis on the optimization of stitching defects by compensating for the overall tilt angle and reducing the printing field of view. The fabricated mirrors were coated with a thin layer of aluminum (93 nm) using sputter coating to enhance the reflection rate over the target wave range. The mapping mirror was characterized using a white light interferometer and a scanning electron microscope, which demonstrates its optical quality surface (with a surface roughness of 12 nm) and high-precision tilt angles (with an average of 2.03% deviation). Finally, the incorporation of one of the 3D printed mapping mirrors into an image mapping spectrometer prototype allowed for the acquisition of high-quality images of the USAF resolution target and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells stained with three fluorescent dyes, demonstrating the potential of this technology for practical applications.
Analisis Korelasi Land Surface Temperature (LST) dengan Penerapan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PKM) (Studi Kasus : Kawasan Sentra Pengasapan Ikan, Bandarharjo, Semarang)
Authors: Gusmiarti Neni Indah , Prasetyo Yudo , Bashit Nurhadi 
Published: June 2023

Sentra pengasapan ikan merupakan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kelurahan Bandarharjo. Namun, sentra pengasapan ikan menyebabkan meningkatnya suhu permukaan pada wilayah tersebut. Akan tetapi, pandemi virus COVID-19 yang tinggi, menyebabkan perubahan kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Semarang dengan menerapkan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PKM) yang secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi hasil produktivitas pengasapan ikan dan perubahan suhu permukaan. Oleh karena itu, bagaimana mengetahui perubahan suhu permukaan dan produktivitas pengasapan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan Land Surface Temperature (LST) pada kawasan sentra pengasapan ikan dan menganalisis adanya hubungan antara LST dengan produksi pengasapan ikan yang berdampak akibat kebijakan PKM. Pengolahan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode penginderaan jauh. Data penelitian menggunakan Landsat 8 yaitu sebelum PKM (19 Januari 2020, 7 Maret 2020 dan 24 April 2020), saat PKM (10 Mei 2020, 11 Juni 2020 dan 27 Juni 2020), serta setelah PKM (13 Juli 2020, 30 Agustus 2020 dan 1 Oktober 2020). Selain itu dibutuhkan data hasil wawancara, data pengukuran suhu insitu dan data suhu stasiun cuaca BMKG. Citra Landsat 8 dilakukan pengolahan menggunakan Google Earth Engine (GEE). Hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya penurunan suhu rata - rata 0,48oC saat diterapkannya kebijakan PKM dari suhu 28,62oC menjadi 28,15oC. Namun, terjadi peningkatan suhu setelah kebijakan PKM menjadi 29,86oC. Hasil korelasi antara suhu dengan jumlah pekerja, jumlah produksi, limbah produksi dan lamanya waktu pengasapan menunjukan korelasi yang sangat kuat. Adapun hasil uji validasi dengan data BMKG memiliki selisih yang kecil pada suhu rata - rata. Sementara itu, uji validasi dengan pengukuran insitu didapatkan nilai RMSE 2,125.Kata kunci : Google Earth Engine, Korelasi, Land Surface Temperature, Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat, Sentra pengasapan ikan