bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing Race Like a State: Higher Education Affirmative Action Verification Commissions in Brazil
Authors: Moraes Silva Graziella , Toste Daflon Veronica , Giraut Camille 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTA growing body of literature has focused on how different states continuously “make race” by legitimizing certain racial categories while invisibilizing others. Much less has been written on the actual processes of transforming race into a bureaucratic category when implementing antiracist public policies. This article focuses on the recent use of verification commissions to validate the racial self-identification of potential beneficiaries of racial quotas at federal higher education institutions in Brazil. We argue that through their choices, particularly through their definition of what race is, of who can see race, and of how to see race, these commissions are transforming not only understandings about affirmative action’s aims but also understandings of race. The study focuses on three potential consequences of commission practices for Brazilian racial boundaries: the disciplining of racial identifications, the decontextualization of race, and the individualization of racial injustice.
Anonymous Solidarity in Social Movements
Authors: Goodin Robert E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere are many reasons you may want to make your contributions to public debates anonymously, and there are many reasons you may want to act in solidarity with others. Why might people engaged in social movements want to do both at the same time? “Anonymous solidarity”—symbolized by a great many protestors wearing one and the same iconic Guy Fawkes mask—signifies not only solidarity (“we are as one”) but also multiplicity (“we are many”) and interchangeability of each for the other (“for every one of us who falls, ten more will take our place”). The latter two features make a movement more likely to succeed, the former by rendering it stronger and the latter by rendering it more robust. A raft of evidence shows that people are more likely to participate in collective action that is more likely to succeed, even if their own participation is in no way essential for its success.
FINITE GROUPS WITH HEREDITARILY G-PERMUTABLE SCHMIDT SUBGROUPS
Authors: BALLESTER-BOLINCHES A. , KAMORNIKOV S. F. , PÉREZ-CALABUIG V. , TYUTYANOV V. N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA subgroup A of a group G is said to be hereditarily G-permutable with a subgroup B of G, if
$AB^x = B^xA$
for some element
$x \in \langle A, B \rangle $
. A subgroup A of a group G is said to be hereditarily G-permutable in G if A is hereditarily G-permutable with every subgroup of G. In this paper, we investigate the structure of a finite group G with all its Schmidt subgroups hereditarily G-permutable.
Cyril of Alexandria's Renunciation of Religious Violence
Authors: Crawford Matthew R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractScholarly accounts of the violent events that occurred early in Cyril of Alexandria's episcopal tenure rely most of all upon Socrates's Ecclesiastical History, Damascius's Philosophical History, and John of Nikiu's Chronicle. In contrast, Cyril's own corpus is almost never consulted or engaged by scholars working on these topics, which has resulted in the complete neglect of certain passages that are directly relevant to these well-known events. Surprisingly, on at least three occasions Cyril explicitly rejects religiously motivated violence, while, in contrast, in two other passages he theorizes about it in positive terms as a means of protecting the integrity of communal boundaries. The analysis of these passages reveals that, in certain works, Cyril employed a violent rhetoric that plausibly contributed to creating the environment that resulted in Hypatia's murder. In contrast, however, he seemingly shifted his rhetoric at a certain point in his career, going out of his way to disavow precisely the kind of actions with which he is usually associated, perhaps doing so as a response to Hypatia's horrific death. With these complementary insights, this study contributes to the growing scholarly interest in how violent rhetoric can lead to actual violence. Moreover, Cyril's disavowal of religious violence complicates the simplistic image of him that holds sway as the dominant interpretation of his legacy among scholars of late antiquity.
New data on South American fur seals and sea lions' occupation of the Wildlife Refuge of Ilha dos Lobos, southern Brazil
Authors: Procksch Natália , Ott Paulo Henrique , Berchieri Natalia Bragiola , Danilewicz Daniel , Horota Rafael Kenji , Guimarães Murilo , Zagonel Marcelo , Veronez Maurício Roberto , Oliveira Larissa Rosa de 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present the most recent data on the seasonal and spatial occupation of South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) and fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) in the Wildlife Refuge of Ilha dos Lobos (WRIL) in southern Brazil throughout the year, based on aerial photographic counts. Thirty-one aerial photographic counts were conducted between July 2019 and November 2020 to assess monthly differences in the abundance of pinnipeds in the WRIL. The results were analysed using a generalized linear model. Spatial analysis was performed using kernel density. Subadult males of South American sea lion were the most abundant pinniped in the WRIL, followed by juveniles of South American fur seal. A juvenile of Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) was also recorded. South American fur seals showed a marked seasonality, occurring only between July and October, while South American sea lions occurred year-round. Among the months analysed, September exhibited the highest mean abundance (mean 113.75; SD: ± 8.58), followed by August (mean 103.00; SD: ± 15.69). The pinnipeds were more often concentrated in the northern and central parts of the island. This study reinforces the importance of the WRIL as a haulout site for pinnipeds. Considering the seasonal occupation of the island by South American pinnipeds, monitoring is recommended prior to the development of activities in the area.
Negotiating girlhood in rock music: Nandi Bushell, prodigy discourse and adult mentor-fans
Authors: Hansen Kai Arne , Bickford Tyler 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNandi Bushell (b. 2010) is a British-Zulu drummer and multi-instrumentalist whose early career has garnered much attention from audiences and the international music press. In this article, we investigate the case of Bushell as a point of entry for understanding children's participation in mainstream popular music culture and the broader public sphere. We explore Bushell's social media presence, creative output and public reception in relation to three interrelated themes: (1) the functioning of social media and the music press as arenas for the (re)negotiation of ideas about child prodigy; (2) child musicians’ political activism; and (3) the role of adult ‘mentor-fans’ in sponsoring girls’ participation in rock culture. In grappling with the complexities of these themes, we place a particular emphasis on querying how dominant conceptions of girlhood inform the press coverage of Bushell's music and social media output, as well as on examining her highly visible relationships with established male rock artists serving as mentors, fans and industry brokers. Ultimately, the article sheds new light on how notions of girlhood as a cultural identity are negotiated by young artists and their (often adult) audiences in relation to musical genre boundaries.
Cisan and Malahang: Indigenous Older Adults’ Voices on Active Aging – Findings from a Qualitative Study in Taiwan
Authors: Silan Wasiq , Munkejord Mai Camilla 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Taiwan Government follows the policy of active aging to prevent frailty. However, the current services lack cultural safety toward the Indigenous peoples and would benefit from a broader perspective on what active aging may entail. In this research, we study local perceptions of active aging among older Indigenous Tayal taking part in a local day club. The study identifies two formal activities that foster active aging: (a) information meetings about health and illness and (b) physical activities. In addition, two informal activities highlighted by the participants themselves were identified as necessary for promoting healthy and active aging: Cisan and Malahang. While Cisan means “social care,” Malahang means “interrelational care practices.” In conclusion, we argue for the relevance of listening to Indigenous older adults’ voices to develop long-term care services adapted to their cultural values, linguistic competence, and cosmology.
Does flexibility promote the implementation of civil war cease-fire agreements?
Authors: Park Sunhee 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransition from war to peace often leads to new challenges. Conflict scholars suggest that these challenges lead groups to be unable to commit credibly and suggest mechanisms for decreasing the fear of being the victim, and increasing the costs, of reneging. However, international law and international political economy scholars debate the utility of making agreements flexible. This paper argues that provisions intended to increase the flexibility of agreements are detrimental to implementation because they operate under the assumption that groups are in a repeated game, and because they can lead to an even more severe commitment problem. Using a newly collected dataset on civil war cease-fire agreements, duration analyses suggest agreements with more flexibility-enhancing provisions exhibit a higher likelihood of violations. Although provisions calling for third-party enforcement – a mechanism for reducing fear and increasing costs – seem to decrease the likelihood of violations, this effect disappears when flexibility-enhancing provisions are considered.
Community perspectives on structural barriers to dying well at home in Canada
Authors: Chan Wing-Sun , Funk Laura , Krawczyk Marian , Cohen S. Robin , Cherba Maria , Dujela Carren , Stajduhar Kelli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze how structural determinants and barriers within social systems shape options for dying well at home in Canada, while also shaping preferences for dying at home.MethodsTo inform a descriptive thematic analysis, 24 Canadian stakeholders were interviewed about their views, experiences, and preferences about dying at home. Participants included compassionate community advocates, palliative care professionals, volunteers, bereaved family caregivers, residents of rural and remote regions, service providers working with structurally vulnerable populations, and members of francophone, immigrant, and 2SLGBTQ+ communities.ResultsAnalysis of stakeholders’ insights and experiences led to the conceptualization of several structural barriers to dying well at home: inaccessible public and community infrastructure and services, a structural gap in death literacy, social stigma and discrimination, and limited access to relational social capital.Significance of resultsAging in Canada, as elsewhere across the globe, has increased demand for palliative care and support, especially in the home. Support for people wishing to die at home is a key public health issue. However, while Canadian policy documents normalize dying in place as ideal, it is uncertain whether these fit with the real possibilities for people nearing the end of life. Our analysis extends existing research on health equity in palliative and end-of-life care beyond a focus on service provision. Results of this analysis identify the need to expand policymakers’ structural imaginations about what it means to die well at home in Canada.
Testa and hilum colour associations with seed traits of a Greek field pea landrace
Authors: Konstantopoulos Apostolos N. , Pozoukidou Sofia , Irakli Maria , Tsialtas Ioannis T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPea landraces may hold genetic variation that can be exploitable in breeding/selecting new cultivars. In a small-seeded pea landrace, four phenotypes were distinguished according to testa (green, non-spotted and green, spotted) and hilum colour (white, black). The four phenotypes were tested for two growing seasons in the field for pod (seeds/pod) and seed traits (1000-seed weight, toughness, total phenols and tannins, testa colour, protein and carbon concentration, C/N ratio, bruchid infection). Significant differences were found for testa colour parameters, phenolic, tannin and carbon concentration and bruchid tolerance. The larger-seeded, spotted peas had darker testa and more phenols, while white-hilumed peas had lighter testa and more tannins. The spotted, black-hilumed phenotype, with the highest carbon concentration and C/N ratio was the most tolerant to bruchids. However, grouping the phenotypes, neither spotted nor black-hilumed ones showed to be more tolerant compared with their counterparts. Concluding, our results showed that phenotyping variation in seeds of a pea landrace revealed variation in seed traits, which could be exploitable. Since testa and hilum colour were associated with specific seed traits, they could, alone or in combination, be used as biomarkers of seed quality traits in pea. Testing of larger number of phenotypes is needed to solidify our findings.
Mixed Archaeal Production and Nitrifier Denitrification Dominate N2O Production in the East China Sea: Insights From Isotopocule and Hydroxylamine Analyses
Authors: Gu Xue‐Ji , Wang Lan , Casciotti Karen L. , Xin Yu , Liu Su‐Mei , Zhang Gui‐Ling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOceans are identified as potent sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), while the magnitude of its flux and microbial production mechanisms remain uncertain in highly perturbed coastal zones. Here, the first analyses of N2O isotopocule signatures in the East China Sea (ECS) are presented, along with hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and N2O concentrations, to clarify the dominant N2O production processes in coastal water. In the ECS in October 2015, N2O ranged from 6.3 to 33.1 nmol L−1, equivalent to 99%–251% saturation, leading to air‐sea fluxes of 1.6–10.5 μmol m−2 d−1 (4.8 ± 2.5 μmol m−2 d−1) using the W2014 formula. The coexistence of high levels of NH4+, NH2OH, and NO2− indicated the potential for nitrification and/or hybrid N2O formation. In the shallow water (<300 m), the concentration (∼9.3 nmol L−1), δ15Nbulk–N2O (∼6.8‰), δ18O–N2O (∼45.1‰), and 15N site preference (SP, ∼14.8‰) of N2O were close to the isotopic signatures in atmospheric N2O, whereas values in the deep water increased with depth, with N2O reaching maxima of 33.1 nmol L−1, 8.6‰, 54.7‰, and 18.7‰, respectively. From the dual N2O isotopocule mapping approach, almost equal contributions of archaeal N2O production (archaeal nitrification and/or hybrid mechanism, ∼47%) and nitrifier denitrification (or denitrification) (∼53%) to total in situ N2O production were identified for the shallow water, but archaeal nitrification was responsible for ∼83% of the deeper N2O production. Moreover, the far‐field lateral advection from other areas served as a potential physical supply of deeper N2O. Our findings enhance the understanding of N2O dynamics in coastal waters.
Potential of Snowfall Nowcasting Using Polarimetric Radar Data and Its Link to Ice Microphysics: Study of Two Snowstorms in East China
Authors: Huang Hao , Tao Ranting , Zhao Kun , Wen Long , Chu Zhigang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe microphysical characteristics, including the ice types and growth mechanisms, in two snowstorms over East China in 2016 (E16) and 2018 (E18) were explored using joint observations of a polarimetric radar and a disdrometer. In both events, the dendritic‐growth‐layer (DGL) signature (enhancements in differential reflectivity ZDR and specific differential phase KDP) was observed, indicative of the existence of horizontally‐oriented dendrites and plate‐like crystals. The KDP in the DGL, related to the total mass of ice particles, was used for snowfall nowcasting. According to the lagged correlation analysis, the reflectivity factor (ZH) near the ground, a proxy for snowfall intensity, could be well predicted by the KDP in the DGL with a 40‐min lead time and a correlation coefficient over 0.7 in E16. In contrast, E18 had a worse nowcasting performance, with the maximum correlation coefficient being ∼0.53, which could be attributed to its more complex ice microphysical structures and processes. The snow in E16 mainly grew from the deposition in the DGL (mainly dendrites and plates) and aggregation below. In comparison, the snowstorm was deeper in E18, and the less oblate crystals (with larger aspect ratios) from above the DGL could grow and mix with the dendrites and plates in the DGL, weakening the correlation between the KDP and ice mass. Below the DGL, snow growth in E18 was contributed by aggregation and more active riming according to both radar and disdrometer observations, which further lowered the nowcasting performance of snowfall by the KDP in the DGL.
Atmospheric Sea Spray Modeling in the North‐East Atlantic Ocean Using Tunnel‐Derived Generation Functions and the SUMOS Cruise Data Set
Authors: Bruch W. , Yohia C. , Tulet P. , Limoges A. , Sutherland P. , van Eijk A. M. J. , Missamou T. , Piazzola J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study contributes to the communal effort to improve understanding of sea spray generation and transport. For the first time, laboratory‐derived sea spray generation functions (SSGFs) are parameterized in the Meso‐NH mesoscale atmospheric model and are field tested. Formulated from the MATE19 laboratory experiments (Bruch et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-021-00636-y) the two SSGFs are driven by the upwind component of the wave‐slope variance (herein B21A), or both and the wind friction velocity cubed (herein B21B). In this first attempt to incorporate the SSGFs in Meso‐NH, the simulations are run without a wave model, and the wave‐wind SSGFs are assumed wind‐dependent. Model evaluation is achieved with a new set of sea spray and meteorological measurements acquired over the 0.1–22.75 μm radius range and U10 1–20 m s−1 wind speeds onboard R/V Atalante during the 25 day SUMOS field campaign in the Bay of Biscay. The B21B SSGF offers particularly good sensitivity to a wide range of environmental conditions over the size range, with an average overestimation by a factor 1.5 compared with measurements, well below the deviations reported elsewhere. B21A also performs well for larger droplets at wind speeds above 15 m s−1. Associated with airflow separation and wave breaking, wave‐slope variance allows to represent multiple wave scales and to scale sea spray generation in the laboratory and the field. Using Meso‐NH simulations we find that sea spray may be transported inland and to altitudes well above the marine atmospheric boundary layer.
Study of Extreme Magnetopause Distortions Under Varying Solar Wind Conditions
Authors: Grimmich Niklas , Plaschke Ferdinand , Archer Martin O. , Heyner Daniel , Mieth Johannes Z. D. , Nakamura Rumi , Sibeck David G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo first order, the magnetopause (MP) is defined by a pressure balance between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. The boundary moves under the influence of varying solar wind conditions and transient foreshock phenomena, reaching unusually large and small distances from the Earth. We investigate under which solar wind conditions such extreme MP distortions occur. Therefore, we construct a database of magnetopause crossings (MPCs) observed by the THEMIS spacecraft in the years 2007 to mid‐2022 using a simple Random Forest Classifier. Roughly 7% of the found crossing events deviate beyond reported errors in the stand‐off distance from the Shue et al. (1998, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA01103) MP model and thus are termed extreme distortions. We find the occurrence of these extreme events in terms of expansion or compression of the MP to be linked to different solar wind parameters, most notably to the IMF magnitude, cone angle, velocity, Alfvén Mach number and temperature. Foreshock transients like hot‐flow anomalies and foreshock bubbles could be responsible for extreme magnetospheric expansions. The results should be incorporated into future magnetopause models and may be helpful for the reconstruction of the MP locations out of soft x‐ray images, relevant for the upcoming SMILE mission.
Dosing interval regimen shapes potency and breadth of antibody repertoire after vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein subunit vaccine
Authors: Guo Shuxin , Zheng Yuxuan , Gao Zhengrong , Duan Minrun , Liu Sheng , Du Pan , Xu XiaoYu , Xu Kun , Zhao Xin , Chai Yan , Wang Peiyi , Zhao Qi , Gao George F. , Dai Lianpan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractVaccination with different vaccines has been implemented globally to counter the continuous COVID-19 pandemic. However, the vaccine-elicited antibodies have reduced efficiency against the highly mutated Omicron sub-variants. Previously, we developed a protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine called ZF2001, based on the dimeric receptor-binding domain (RBD). This vaccine has been administered using different dosing intervals in real-world setting. Some individuals received three doses of ZF2001, with a one-month interval between each dose, due to urgent clinical requirements. Others had an extended dosing interval of up to five months between the second and third dose, a standard vaccination regimen for the protein subunit vaccine against hepatitis B. In this study, we profile B cell responses in individuals who received three doses of ZF2001, and compared those with long or short dosing intervals. We observed that the long-interval group exhibited higher and broader serologic antibody responses. These responses were associated with the increased size and evolution of vaccine-elicited B-cell receptor repertoires, characterized by the elevation of expanded clonotypes and somatic hypermutations. Both groups of individuals generated substantial amounts of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron sub-variants such as XBB. These bnAbs target four antigenic sites within the RBD. To determine the vulnerable site of SARS-CoV-2, we employed cryo-electron microscopy to identify the epitopes of highly potent bnAbs that targeted two major sites. Our findings provide immunological insights into the B cell responses elicited by RBD-based vaccine, and suggest that a vaccination regimen of prolonging time interval should be used in practice.