bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of time-restricted eating and Ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies
Authors: Pieczyńska-Zając Joanna Maria , Malinowska Anna , Łagowska Karolina , Leciejewska Natalia , Bajerska Joanna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Context
It is well known that the microbiome undergoes cyclical diurnal rhythms. It has thus been hypothesized that meal timing may affect gut microbial composition, function, and host health.

Objective
This review aims to examine the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) and Ramadan fasting (RF) on the composition of the gut microbiota in animal and human studies. The associations between composition of microbiota and host metabolic parameters are also examined.

Data Sources
A search was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to December 31, 2022. The search strategy was performed using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms “intermittent fasting” and “gastrointestinal microbiome” and the key words “Ramadan fasting” and “microbes.”

Data Extraction
Seven human studies (4 TRE and 3 RF) and 9 animal studies (7 TRE, 2 RF-like) were retrieved.

Data Analysis
TRE and RF in human studies lead to an increase in gut microbial community alpha-diversity. In animal studies (both TRE and RF-like), fasting is not associated with improved alpha-diversity, but enhancement of microbial fluctuation is observed, compared with high-fat diet ad libitum groups. Within Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, no specific direction of changes resulting from fasting are observed in both animals and human. After TRE or RF, a greater abundance of the Faecalibacterium genus is observed in human studies; changes in Lactobacillus abundance are found in animal studies; and increases in Akkermansia are seen both in humans and in animals fed a feed-pellet diet. Only 2 human studies show a beneficial correlation between microbiota changes and host metabolic (HDL cholesterol) or anthropometric parameters (body mass index).

Conclusions
These findings support the importance of both regimens in improving the gut microbiota composition. However, based on results of animal studies, it can be suggested that diet remains the essential factor in forming the microbiota’s environment.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021278918.
Introduction to the special issue on ‘new directions in understanding philanthropic activities’
Authors: Adena Maja , Drouvelis Michalis , Huck Steffen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The papers in this Special Issue contribute to a rich literature on the economics of charitable giving. They address several novel questions covering a wide range of open issues in the philanthropic realm. For example, many of our papers study what works and what does not work for a charitable organization to boost giving money or time. Other papers examine fundraising mechanisms and possible underlying motives shaping donors’ giving behaviour. Our papers combine multiple methodologies, such as theory, observational data as well as laboratory and field experiments, to address these issues. Taken together, our Special Issue offers novel insights and approaches in the field of charitable giving that will be of interest to academics and policymakers alike.
Rapid Recycling of Subducted Sediments in the Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle
Authors: Wang Jian , Wang Qiang , Ma Lin , Hu Wan-Long , Wang Jun , Belousova Elena , Tang Gong-Jian 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Subduction recycling of sediments plays a key role in the geochemical evolution of Earth. The presence of recycled terrigenous sediments in upwelling plumes has been cited to explain the EM2 signature in ocean island volcanics, characterized by particularly high 87Sr/86Sr (&gt;0.706). However, the origin of such isotopic anomalies in continental regions and the role of subducted sediments in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) remain unclear. The Himalaya–Tibet orogen is one of the world’s best places for deciphering continental subduction and the fate of subducted crustal materials in the mantle. Here we present a systematic study of the geochronology, mineral chemistry (especially clinopyroxene), whole-rock chemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf–O isotopic compositions of Cenozoic potassic–ultrapotassic lavas from the western Kunlun area of northwestern Tibet. New secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U–Pb dating, coupled with published age results, constrain the timing of volcanism from ~8.3 Ma to the present. These lavas show geochemical characteristics that closely resemble the EM2 mantle end-member represented by the Samoan hotspot. Both whole rocks and individual magmatic clinopyroxenes display arc-like trace-element patterns and remarkably enriched Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr ≥ 0.7080; εNd ≤ −4.8; 206Pb/204Pb ≥ 18.704; εHf ≤ −2.6). Together with high zircon δ18O values (6.3–10.4‰), the data point to a mantle source enriched by recycled sedimentary materials. Geochemical modeling and geophysical evidence further indicate that the sediments were directly derived from the subducted Indian continental lithosphere during India–Eurasia collision. Partial melting models assuming a hybridized mantle source that contains ~5% Indian continental crust suggest that the primary melts of the potassic–ultrapotassic lavas could be formed by melting of a phlogopite-bearing garnet lherzolite at low melting degrees (1–5%). The magma geochemistry is consistent with the model of mélange melting, implying that the subducted sediments may detach from the downgoing Indian slab and rise up diapirically into the overlying mantle lithosphere. Unlike traditional models of subducted sediments entering the deep mantle, the western Kunlun EM2-like lavas reveal that subducted sediments can be rapidly recycled into the SCLM during continental subduction (probably &lt;50 Myr). We suggest that the SCLM could be an important reservoir for subducted sediments. The findings are important to our understanding of mantle circulation rates and chemical heterogeneities.
Model-free optimization of power/efficiency tradeoffs in quantum thermal machines using reinforcement learning
Authors: Erdman Paolo A , Noé Frank 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A quantum thermal machine is an open quantum system that enables the conversion between heat and work at the micro or nano-scale. Optimally controlling such out-of-equilibrium systems is a crucial yet challenging task with applications to quantum technologies and devices. We introduce a general model-free framework based on reinforcement learning to identify out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic cycles that are Pareto optimal tradeoffs between power and efficiency for quantum heat engines and refrigerators. The method does not require any knowledge of the quantum thermal machine, nor of the system model, nor of the quantum state. Instead, it only observes the heat fluxes, so it is both applicable to simulations and experimental devices. We test our method on a model of an experimentally realistic refrigerator based on a superconducting qubit, and on a heat engine based on a quantum harmonic oscillator. In both cases, we identify the Pareto-front representing optimal power-efficiency tradeoffs, and the corresponding cycles. Such solutions outperform previous proposals made in the literature, such as optimized Otto cycles, reducing quantum friction.
The longitudinal role of family conflict and neural reward sensitivity in youth’s internalizing symptoms
Authors: Yang Beiming , Anderson Zachary , Zhou Zexi , Liu Sihong , Haase Claudia M , Qu Yang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Adolescence is often associated with an increase in psychopathology. Although previous studies have examined how family environments and neural reward sensitivity separately play a role in youth’s emotional development, it remains unknown how they interact with each other in predicting youth’s internalizing symptoms. Therefore, the current research took a biopsychosocial approach to examine this question using two-wave longitudinal data of 9353 preadolescents (mean age = 9.93 years at T1; 51% boys) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Using mixed-effects models, results showed that higher family conflict predicted youth’s increased internalizing symptoms 1 year later, whereas greater ventral striatum (VS) activity during reward receipt predicted reduced internalizing symptoms over time. Importantly, there was an interaction effect between family conflict and VS activity. For youth who showed greater VS activation during reward receipt, high family conflict was more likely to predict increased internalizing symptoms. In contrast, youth with low VS activation during reward receipt showed high levels of internalizing symptoms regardless of family conflict. The findings suggest that youth’s neural reward sensitivity is a marker of susceptibility to adverse family environments and highlight the importance of cultivating supportive family environments where youth experience less general conflict within the family.
Application of Hydrothermal Time Models to Predict Sclerotial Germination of Athelia rolfsii
Authors: Sanjel Santosh , Guerra Victor , Seepaul Ramdeo , Mackowiak Cheryl , Punja Zamir K. , Dufault Nicholas , Tillman Barry , Bradford Kent J. , Small Ian M. 
Published: August 2023

Athelia rolfsii, causal agent of “southern blight” disease, is a soilborne fungal pathogen with a wide host range of more than 500 species. This study's objectives were to (i) quantify the effects of two environmental factors, temperature and soil moisture, on germination of A. rolfsii inoculum (sclerotia), which is a critical event for the onset of disease epidemics and (ii) predict the timing of sclerotial germination by applying population-based threshold-type hydrothermal time (HTT) models. We conducted in vitro germination experiments with three isolates of A. rolfsii isolated from peanuts, which were tested at five temperatures ( T), ranging from 17 to 40°C, four matric potentials (Ψ m) between −0.12 and −1.57 MPa, and two soil types (fine sand and loamy fine sand), using a factorial design. When Ψ m was maintained between −0.12 and −0.53 MPa, T from 22 to 34°C was found to be conducive to sclerotial germination (>50%). The HTT models were fitted for a range of T (22 to 34°C) and Ψ m (−0.12 to −1.57 MPa) that accounted for 84% or more of variation in the timing of sclerotial germination. The estimated base T ranged between 0 and 4.5°C and the estimated base Ψ m between −2.96 and −1.52 MPa. The results suggest that the HTT modeling approach is a suitable means of predicting the timing of A. rolfsii sclerotial germination. This HTT methodology can potentially be tested to fine-tune fungicide application timing and in-season A. rolfsii management strategies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Using a Decision Tree Approach to Analyze Key Factors Influencing Intraoperative-Acquired Pressure Injury
Authors: Shi Guirong , Jiang Liping , Liu Ping , Xu Xin , Wu Qunfang , Zhang Peipei 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine the key factors influencing intraoperative-acquired pressure injury (IAPI).

METHODS
Researchers assessed 413 surgical patients in a Shanghai tertiary hospital using an information collection form and an IAPI occurrence record form. Analysis took place using the classification and regression tree algorithm and multiple logistic regression.

RESULTS
A total of 43 surgical patients (10.4%) had IAPI, including 32 stage 1 cases (74.4%), and 11 stage 2 cases (25.6%). The multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that operation duration, surgical position, preoperative hypertension, and preoperative Braden Scale risk score were independently associated with IAPI development. The decision tree showed that preoperative Braden Scale score, surgical position, operation grade, operation duration, age, prealbumin level, and body mass index were important factors and that preoperative Braden Scale score was the most critical decision variable. The cross-validation method was used to indicate a model accuracy of 91.8%.

CONCLUSIONS
The decision tree effectively identified key factors for IAPI, complementing the logistic regression analysis and providing a scientific basis for the further development of structural risk assessment, prevention, and treatment strategies for IAPI.
“Soap Scrap” Technique: A Tissue-Preserving Approach to Treating Wounds with Undermining or Pockets
Authors: Melnychuk Igor , Juriga Julia 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
This retrospective case series introduces a tissue-preserving approach to treat complicated wounds with undermined edges or wounds with pockets. Wounds with undermining or pockets are commonly encountered in clinical practice and can be difficult to manage when trying to achieve wound closure. Traditionally, epibolic edges need to be resected or cauterized with silver nitrate, whereas wound undermining or pockets need to be resected or unroofed. The method described herein consists of three components: sharp debridement of all undermined areas or inside walls of wound pockets, compression, and immobilization. Compression can be performed using multilayered compression alone, modified negative-pressure therapy, or both. Immobilization of all wound layers can be achieved using a brace, removable Cam Walker, or a cast.
This article reports on 11 patients who had unfavorable upper and lower extremity wounds with undermined areas or wound pockets who were treated using this methodology. The average patient age was 73 years, and the average wound depth was 1.12 cm. The average undermined area was 1.7 (range, 0.2–5.0) cm. Wounds healed in an average of 9.1 weeks; all wounds healed between 3 and 15 weeks. This series demonstrates a novel tissue-preserving approach to treating wounds with undermining or wounds with pockets using debridement, immobilization, and compression.
Reflections on a Career in Plastic Surgery: A National Survey of Retired Surgeons
Authors: Veeramani Anamika , Comer Carly D. , Elmer Nicholas , Shiah Eric , Celestin Arthur , Simmons Christopher , Sommers Katie , McClure Gina T. , Lin Samuel J. , Lee Bernard T. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Retired plastic surgeons can provide valuable insights for the greater plastic surgery community. The purpose of this study was to gather demographics, personal reflections, and advice for a career in plastic surgery from retired American plastic surgeons.

Methods:
An email survey was distributed to 825 members of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons during September 2021. The survey distribution was designed to engage members of the plastic surgery community, who were retired from surgical practice in the United States. The form consisted of 29 questions, five of which were free response. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed.

Results:
A total of 214 completed surveys were received, with a response rate of 25.9%. The average age at retirement was 67.6 years. The majority of respondents were men (87.6%) and White (93.3%); 46.9% of surgeons practiced at individual private practice. Ninety percent of surgeons indicated that they would choose to practice as a plastic surgeon again. Free responses provided positive career reflections and advice for young plastic surgeons regarding navigating the changing landscape of healthcare.

Conclusions:
Retired plastic surgeons are interested in engaging with the plastic surgery community and demonstrate continued interest in the future of the field. Efforts can be made to avail the field of their expertise and experience.
POFUT1 promotes gastric cancer progression through Notch/Wnt dual signaling pathways dependent on the parafibromin-NICD1-β-catenin complex
Authors: Dong Shuang , Wang Zhirong , Xiong Wujun 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Aberrant glycosylation performed by glycosyltransferases is a leading cause of gastric cancer (GC). Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) expression is increased in GC specimens and cells. In this study, the biological effects and mechanisms of POFUT1 underlying the development of GC were investigated.

Methods:
POFUT1 downregulated and upregulated GC cells were established. The effects of POFUT1 on cell proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis were examined using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry. Subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were established followed by immunohistochemistry staining of resected tumors. Facilitating modulators and transcription factors were detected by western blot, immunofluorescence, luciferase reporter assay, and co-immunoprecipitation.

Results:
POFUT1 played a pro-oncogenic role both in vivo and in vitro, which promoted proliferation and metastasis, as well as inhibited apoptosis in GC cells. POFUT1 promoted Cyclin D3 expression and inhibited the expression of apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase 3, facilitating tumor growth. Moreover, POFUT1 accelerated matrix metalloproteases expression and attenuated E-cadherin expression, contributing to GC metastasis. In addition, POFUT1 expression promoted the expression and nuclear translocation of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1) and β-catenin and inhibited β-catenin phosphorylation degradation, accompanied by the activation of recombination signal binding protein-Jκ (RBP-J) and T-cell factor (TCF) transcription factors, respectively. It is notable that parafibromin integrated NICD1 and β-catenin, enabling the concerted activation of Wnt and Notch signaling targeted proteins.

Conclusion:
These observations indicated that POFUT1 promoted GC development through activation of Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, which depended on the parafibromin-NICD1-β-catenin complex. This work provides new evidence for the further diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Renal denervation: recent developments in clinical and preclinical research
Authors: Drawz Paul , Baumann Daniel , Dayton Alex 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Renal denervation represents a new dimension to hypertension treatment, with multiple device manufacturers seeking premarket FDA approval currently. Interest in the efficacy and safety of the treatment has spurred compelling mechanistic studies into the function of renal nerves and downstream impacts of denervation.

Recent findings
A trial of the ultrasound Paradise Catheter system (RADIANCE II) found a 6.3 mmHg reduction in SBP relative to sham controls. A trial of the Symplicity Spyral system (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED) found an insignificant reduction in SBP relative to sham controls. Individuals were taking antihypertensive medications during the study, and investigators note the sham group experienced a larger medication burden than the denervated group. Recent preclinical studies have evaluated potential risks of renal denervation, how sympathetic activity broadly is affected, as well as identifying possible biomarkers to identify individuals where denervation would be more successful.

Summary
Studies of renal denervation continue to find a robust antihypertensive effect, especially in studies wherein medications are withdrawn. Further investigation into mechanisms and indicators for usage of the technique will be important in identifying the patient population most likely to benefit from usage of renal denervation.
The role of SLC16A11 variations in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A. , Tusie Luna María Teresa 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to summarize the existing evidence that proves the association between an ethnic-specific SLC16A11 risk haplotype and type 2 diabetes found in the Latin American population.

Recent findings
The association has been replicated in consortia studies, especially in early-onset type 2 diabetes. No association has been found with gestational diabetes. Mild obesity-related diabetes is the most common T2D subphenotype found in patients with the risk haplotype. The SLC16A11 risk haplotype is associated with decreased insulin action, higher acute insulin secretory response to an intravenous glucose bolus and higher serum alanine aminotransferase levels.

Summary
The study of underrepresented populations in large genomic databases is a valuable resource to gain new knowledge about the pathophysiology of complex traits, especially if these groups have suffered repeated selection process caused by famine, migrations and war. This is the case of diabetes, obesity and lipid disorders in Latin American countries. Here, we summarize the existing evidence of a proof-of concept finding: the association between the SLC16A11 ethnic-specific risk haplotype and T2D.
A big and hairy business: Investigating the interplay of species traits and trade dynamics in the tarantula pet market
Authors: Fukushima Caroline S. , Toomes Adam , Veríssimo Diogo , Cardoso Pedro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpecies traits significantly influence pet trade dynamics, affecting demand, exploitation, and extinction risk. We examined the effect of species- and advertisement-level attributes on tarantula abundance and price in online markets, exploring rarely-considered fine-scale traits. Data from 977 ads showing 217 species and 81 ‘trade names’’ were collected from eight e-commerce websites located in six countries and analyzed using Structural Equation Models. Hairy, aggressive, and popular tarantulas were more abundant in commerce. Big, recently described species with ontogenetic changes in color and urticating hairs, with no evidence of captive breeding, had higher average price. Variability of prices in the ads were mainly explained by differences in website, lifestage and sex of the individual advertised. After accounting for these drivers of market abundance and price, we found only weak evidence of direct price-rarity relationships, implying they are largely independently determined. This can have important implications for the future management and regulation of the international tarantula trade. Understanding consumer behavior in the pet trade is crucial for effective conservation efforts and we recommend using online ad data to track and understand supply and demand in tarantula trade. Leveraging marketing insights can enhance conservationists’ influence on consumers, promoting sustainable practices and benefit sharing for wildlife-dependent communities. Hobbyist communities may be the most strategic messenger for conservation messaging trying to reach consumers in the tarantula pet trade.Article impact statementTarantula price and abundance in pet trade are shaped by species traits and advertisement attributes.