bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not One Electorate, but Many
Authors: Pasek Josh , Levendusky Matthew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 outlines our argument that there was not just one electorate but multiple different ones, defined not only by their candidate preferences but also by the certainty of their vote choice. Whereas conventional wisdom focuses on polarization and emphasizes the strong hold exerted by partisan predispositions and identity, we show that, at some point during the campaign, most voters were actually uncertain of either their candidate preference or their turnout intention. The chapter also reviews some of the key demographic and experiential differences among the electorates, highlighting the differences between those who were steadfast in their preferences and those who wavered.
Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Sink Trump’s Reelection?
Authors: Levendusky Matthew , Pasek Josh , Renninger Andrew , Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 2020 election. Part 1 details the contrasting approaches of Biden and Trump. This part of the chapter, Part 2, traces the effects of the pandemic and the candidates’ alternative responses to it on perceptions and vote preferences. Relative to other issues, most voters—even many Trump supporters—saw the pandemic as a weakness for the incumbent. Attitudes and experiences with COVID affected vote choice, but perhaps less than one would have expected ex ante because Trump supporters downplayed the pandemic, consistently said the worst of the crisis had passed, and emphasized instead issues on which they felt Trump outperformed Biden, such as the economy. We also show that public attitudes toward scientific advisors and organizations became sharply polarized over time, with Biden supporters trusting them more and Trump supporters less so, with important implications for science communication and for the country’s ability to quell this pandemic as well as future ones.
The Best of Times, the Worst of Times
Authors: Levendusky Matthew , Pasek Josh , Renninger Andrew , Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the effects that the pandemic-related economic collapse had on the 2020 election. Part 1 details Trump and Biden’s arguments about the economy, which were intimately connected to how they approached the COVID-19 pandemic. In this part of the chapter, Part 2, we show how the economy played out electorally. All voters—even Biden supporters—thought the economy was one of Trump’s stronger issues. Across the course of the year, voters experienced a K-shaped recovery, with those at the top of the economic ladder doing much better than those at the bottom, a phenomenon that shaped both the experiences of our respondents and their perceptions of the economy. The fact that those at the bottom experienced genuine economic desperation (i.e., an inability to afford basic necessities such as food and shelter) affected their electoral participation.
The Epistemology of Protest
Authors: Medina José 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This book offers a polyphonic theory of protest as a mechanism for political communication, group constitution, and epistemic empowerment. The book analyzes the communicative power of protest to break social silences and disrupt insensitivity and complicity with injustice. Medina also elucidates the power of protest movements to transform social sensibilities and change the political imagination. Medina’s theory of protest examines the obligations that citizens and institutions have to give proper uptake to protests and to communicatively engage with protesting publics in all their diversity, without excluding or marginalizing radical voices and perspectives. Throughout the book, communicative and epistemic arguments are given for the value of imagining with protest movements and for taking seriously the radical political imagination exercised in social movements of liberation. Medina’s theory sheds light on the different ways in which protest can be silenced and the different communicative and epistemic injustices that protest movements can face, arguing for forms of epistemic activism that resist silencing and communicative/epistemic injustices while empowering protesting voices. While arguing for democratic obligations to give proper uptake to protest, the book underscores how demanding listening to protesting voices can be under conditions of oppression and epistemic injustice. A central claim of the book is that responsible citizens have an obligation to echo (or express communicative solidarity with) the protests of oppressed groups that have been silenced and epistemically marginalized. Studying social uprisings, the book further argues that citizens have a duty to join protesting publics when grave injustices are in the public eye.
Widows Under Hindu Law
Authors: Brick David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This book comprises the first exhaustive history of the treatment and status of widows under classical Hindu law or Dharmaśāstra, as it is called in Sanskrit. As such, this book is intended both to contribute to our understanding of how elite male attitudes toward women evolved during precolonial periods in South Asia and to provide crucial context for important colonial debates on Hindu widow remarriage and the Hindu custom of widow self-immolation, or sati. The Dharmaśāstra tradition spans over two millennia of South Asian history, from approximately the third century BCE to the eighteenth century CE. During this time, Hindu jurists treated at length and at times hotly debated four widow-related issues: widow remarriage and levirate, a widow’s right to inherit her husband’s estate, widow asceticism, and sati. Thus, this book is arranged into four chapters, one devoted to each of these four topics. In addition, it contains a summary, where an attempt is made to synthesize the major conclusions drawn in the book’s four main chapters, and an appendix, which addresses a widow’s right to adopt a son—a fifth widow-related issue that became the topic of some discussion in late Dharmaśāstra works and was a significant point of legal contention during the colonial period.
Introduction The Administrative State and Capitalism
Authors: Pritchard A.C. , Thompson Robert B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the Court’s varying approaches to securities law through a focus on two justices who brought sharply divergent views to the subject. For decades, Professor Felix Frankfurter had been an advocate for the role of administrative expertise in taming the excesses of big businesses in a newly national economy. The professor would become a trusted advisor to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, using his influence to lobby for a series of laws aimed at taming the power of Wall Street. He was a key figure in the drafting of the three securities statutes enacted in Roosevelt’s first term. Lewis Powell, by contrast, rose to prominence in his native Richmond by steadily building a practice as a corporate lawyer during the decades following the New Deal. Powell’s advocacy on behalf of his corporate clients gave him faith in the integrity of American businessmen and the free enterprise system, and a corresponding skepticism of overreaching by the SEC. The stark contrast in attitude between these two justices would be reflected in very different results in the Court’s securities cases during their respective tenures. Much of the history of securities law at the Supreme Court can be understood against the backdrop of the rise and fall of these two approaches.
Social Control of Finance
Authors: Pritchard A.C. , Thompson Robert B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 focuses on William O. Douglas’s tenure as the third chair of the SEC to implement the New Deal agenda of social control of finance. Douglas took on the entrenched power brokers of the New York Stock Exchange, aggressively enforced PUHCA to break up public utilities, and reduced the influence of Wall Street bankers and lawyers in business reorganizations. A second core thread in this chapter is the development and implementation of a litigation strategy to defend the new legislation before a hostile Supreme Court. The effort was led by Ben Cohen and others that Felix Frankfurter had brought into government, joining a stellar advocacy team that included future justices Stanley Reed and Robert Jackson.
Invitation
Authors: Schenck David , Neely Scott 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Much attention is currently being focused on people serving on healthcare’s front lines. These discussions are often framed by the terms “burnout” and “moral distress,” which certainly point to very real experiences. But by themselves they may not help caregivers and medical personnel grow into the deeper ranges of healing skill and compassionate awareness that are possible, unless supplemented with other constructs and insights. This book invites readers into a conversation about the vocation of healing and its spiritual dimensions. This approach is designed to help the provider understand and appreciate the roots and possibilities of the healing vocation. The book has three primary audiences: (1) those in healthcare struggling with moral distress and burnout; (2) those working with intense, at times extreme, suffering in intensive care units, emergency departments, hospices, and safety-net community agencies; and (3) people curious or concerned about those working in such settings—partners, families, and colleagues.
Honing the Exercises
Authors: Schenck David , Neely Scott 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The five dialogues presented in Part II invite readers to join in the continuous exploration of what healing is and how they can sustain one another as healers. These conversations were held between the author, David Schenck, and his collaborator, Scott Neely. They explore more fully skills involved in finding the other side of burnout, as well as the spiritual dimensions of the healing vocation. Dialogue allows one to practice the skills of attentive listening and apposite sharing. In dialogue, partners accompany one another into ever-evolving, ever-deepening understanding. The dialogues in Part II remind readers that the conversation continues, that learning never ends, and that they are not alone.
The Exercises as Spiritual Disciplines
Authors: Schenck David , Neely Scott 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The five dialogues presented in Part II invite readers to join in the continuous exploration of what healing is and how they can sustain one another as healers. These conversations were held between the author, David Schenck, and his collaborator, Scott Neely. They explore more fully skills involved in finding the other side of burnout, as well as the spiritual dimensions of the healing vocation. Dialogue allows one to practice the skills of attentive listening and apposite sharing. In dialogue, partners accompany one another into ever-evolving, ever-deepening understanding. The dialogues in Part II remind readers that the conversation continues, that learning never ends, and that they are not alone.
Bach and Sons in the Jewish Salon Culture of Nineteenth-Century Berlin
Authors: Marissen Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter relates how at Sara Levy’s nineteenth-century Berlin salons, men and women, Jews and Christians, aristocrats and bourgeois, all gathered to drink tea and eat finger food; engage in convivial conversation about literature, art, philosophy, and politics; and hear performances of instrumental music composed by Johann Sebastian Bach and his sons. The chapter, further, suggests that Levy’s programs consisted mostly of serious but somewhat “abstract” types of music, repertory that as a rule was without emphatic religious, social-class, or gendered associations, and that such intellectually satisfying and emotionally sanguine art as this must have seemed perfectly fitting and appealing in the context of the optimistic Enlightenment ideals of the illustrious Jews and Christians known to have attended her events.
The Serious Nature of the Quodlibet in Bach’s Goldberg Variations
Authors: Marissen Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents new discoveries about the ostensible merry old German folk-song sources for the Quodlibet from Johann Sebastian Bach’s Goldberg Variations. From new evidence found in art, opera librettos, printed sermons, and older German dictionaries, it argues that Bach, by having in truth combined not two puerile folk songs but rather one particular hymn and one particular folk song, wrote the work not as jokesome entertainment or as self-expression but as an act of premodern Lutheran tribute to the heavenly and earthly realms of God. In the Goldbergs Quodlibet, the suprapersonal spheres of the “secular” and the “sacred” were put forward together in an all-embracing harmony.
How Much Inequality Is Acceptable?
Authors: Malleson Tom 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines the argument that there should be a maximum wage, drawing on the work of Ingrid Robeyns on “limitarianism,” which is the doctrine that it is immoral for the rich to possess too much wealth. It is not necessarily intrinsically bad to be a rich person (depending on how the wealth was acquired), but a society which allows individuals to accumulate tremendous wealth leads to unjust consequences. The chapter argues that society should impose maximum limits on income and wealth because having too much wealth is a major problem for society for two principal reasons. First, the rich undermine democracy. Second, the rich privately appropriate the resources that are desperately needed for other things, such as providing basic needs, essential opportunities, green investment, and economic security to reduce xenophobia and populism. Not only are such limits ethically necessary, they are also practically feasible. Ultimately, coherent egalitarianism embodies limitarianism.
The Baseline
Authors: Cheon Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows that commercial interests, as well as political ones, drive the global expansion of NOCs. First, rising oil prices encourage NOC outward investments by increasing the perceived commercial benefits of NOC outward investments: While NOCs from oil importing countries see an opportunity to seize a greater share of production abroad as the price of oil increases, NOCs from oil exporting countries leverage additional revenues to expand markets for their crude. The chapter’s statistical analysis finds a robust association between oil prices and upstream NOC outward investments among oil importing countries and a similar association between oil prices and downstream NOC outward investments among oil exporting countries. Second, concerns about energy security can also encourage NOC outward investments, as countries seek out additional sources of fuel supply as an insurance against potential interruptions. The chapter’s statistical analysis finds an association between foreign oil dependence and NOC outward investments in the upstream segment.
Bureaucratic Competition in China and India
Authors: Cheon Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Despite their differences in regime type, common themes emerge in the comparison of China and India. As oil importing countries, China and India sought energy security in 2000–2013 through NOC investments, but their NOCs were not always faithful in carrying out this mandate. Bureaucratic competition created an institutional landscape that encourages counterproductive NOC behavior, which undermines the national interest or NOCs’ own commercial viability. Bureaucratic competition and the autonomy it encourages for the agent can explain NOC behavior, such as keeping ministers and bureaucrats in the dark and competing against other NOCs from the same country for foreign assets. The dismantling of their respective energy ministries can be traced to priorities originating outside their respective energy sectors. This lends credibility to the conjecture that oil scarce countries are more likely to allow bureaucratic competition, since the leadership incentive to centralize oil revenues for political survival is absent.
The Complicated Case of Russia
Authors: Cheon Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the early 2000s, Russia experienced a major expansion of the state sector, as well as the growing influence of factions, informal networks of power within the Kremlin that have directly involved themselves in the management of Russia’s flagship NOCs, Rosneft and Gazprom. The Russian case stretches the book’s theoretical argument to its limit because it is difficult to draw a clean distinction between national and bureaucratic politics. Its bureaucracy also has characteristics of both designated principal and bureaucratic competition: While an energy ministry and a regulatory agency formally exist, NOC management authority rests with the factions. By cannibalizing bureaucratic institutions and bending regulations to strengthen their preferred NOCs at the expense of their competitors, the factions have set a precedent for rewarding NOCs on the basis of their own parochial interests rather than commercial viability or the national interest.
The Grammar of Multiple Head-Movement
Authors: Branigan Phil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The concept of head-movement plays a central role in transformational analysis and comparative syntax. The research reported here resolves the problem of head-movement with a model which integrates the phenomenon of multiple head-movement. It is shown that head-movement involves two distinct components: a feature valuation operation which takes place within the core syntax at the phase level, and a substitution transformation which operates as a part of the externalization process, forming complex words from atomic roots and affixes. Evidence which supports this new theoretical model is provided with case studies in a number of languages, including detailed examinations of the verb prefix system in Russian and the tripartite morphological structures in Innu-aimûn. The resulting analyses resolve a host of problems in Slavic and Algonquian grammatical studies. Slavic grammars exploit multiple head-movement in structures where T and participial suffixes attract prefixes before they attract verb stems. This approach eliminates bracketing paradoxes and clarifies the relationship between verb raising, ellipsis, and adverb placement. Algonquian grammars employ multiple head-movement throughout the grammar, so that all affixal functional heads can attract multiple heads to them. This analytic result offers a simpler, more comprehensive overall picture of how complex words in such polysynthetic languages can be derived from familiar underlying syntactic structures. Finally, the implications of these results for the theory of language typology, parameters, and language learnability are presented.
Multiple head-movement in Russian
Authors: Branigan Phil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The model of multiple head-movement presented here is employed to provide a simpler, more explanatory account of the system of verb prefixes in Russian and other Slavic languages. In this approach, morpho-syntactic structures are produced which are free of bracketing paradoxes in allomorphy and the yer phonology. The role of prefixation in the expression of complex aspectual meanings is clarified in the process. Specific technical questions in the analysis of secondary imperfectives, phase verbs, motion verbs, and the distribution of lexical, intermediate, and superlexical prefixes are resolved.
Parameter setting with multiple head-movement
Authors: Branigan Phil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Theories of grammatical parameters and learnability must explain how the limited data in the linguistic environment of a child is used to establish a mature grammar. The case studies of multiple head-movement in the preceding chapters offer a new perspective on this process. These patterns indicate that learnability theory must allow parameters to be set to apply at different degrees of generality within a grammar. A novel learning algorithm is presented which can provide this result.
Survival Strategies of Older Adults in the Manipuri Community in Bangladesh
Authors: Das Tulshi Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Indigenous Manipuri community is located in the northeastern area of Bangladesh. Older adults in the Manipuri community experience hardship for many reasons, including insufficient support from social safety net programs, lack of modern health care facilities, unemployment, and loneliness. This chapter is based on a study that investigated the kinds of difficulties older adults of the Manipuri community confront in their everyday lives and the coping strategies they adopt. The results show that to cope with difficulties, older adults adopt strategies such as launching small businesses, taking part-time jobs, engaging in agricultural activities, and seeking and receiving help from their relatives and neighbors during emergencies. The chapter also discusses how older adults fight all odds to stay with their married sons, buying medicine from the pharmacy without a doctor’s prescription, becoming religious, and mores.
Continuity, Connectedness, and Community
Authors: Crouch Maria , Rosich Rosellen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Alaska Native (AN) life cycle is circular and fluid, with each aspect explaining and informing the process of aging within one’s context and understood through concepts of quality of life, successful aging, and life span development. This is particularly critical given the changing social, familial, and cultural structures of the AN context, beginning at colonization and persisting to the present. Holistic, strengths-based, and indigenized approaches to aging and caregiving are imperative to unraveling the systemic, community, and group stigma and marginalization, while simultaneously underscoring the resilience and power of AN cultural models of aging well. This chapter discusses research findings based on a grounded theory approach that was used to understand AN Elder perceptions of memory and views on aging through a wisdom-based, cultural framework. A purposive sample of 12 Alaska Native Elders were interviewed, and qualitative analyses revealed eight overarching and interconnected themes. These themes are inextricably linked to cultural group identity, collectivism, and a spiritualized view of eldership embedded in the AN life cycle. Conceivably, life span developmental theories may provide foundational tenets for the AN life cycle, thus providing a framework to enhance and expand an explanatory and culturally based theoretical framework for understanding aging as a process from birth to the grave and beyond.