bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing single-target with dual-target rTMS for the treatment of post stroke cognitive impairment – clinical effects and neuroscientific insights: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Bingshan , Lin Chunrong , Guo Cailian , Wang Hong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Although increasing evidence suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may help improve cognitive impairment after stroke, its clinical efficacy is still limited. This limitation may be due to the fact that the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is only one of several brain areas involved in post stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). The aim of the present study is to reveal whether dual-target stimulation is superior to single-target stimulation in the treatment of PSCI.
Methods: A single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial will be conducted, and fifty-seven PSCI patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups based on the stimulating site. The primary outcome is cognitive function, measured using montreal cognitive assessment Beijing Version (MoCA-BJ) and mini-mental status examination (MMSE). The secondary outcomes are modified barthel index (MBI), trail-making test (TMT), digital span test (DST). Futhermore, changes in brain activity are assessed using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) examination and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) closely related to nerve and vascular repair after brain injury. All outcomes will be measured at baseline and post-treatment.
Discussion: If dual-target rTMS in significant improvements on cognitive function, this method could be considered as a first-line clinical treatment for PSCI. This proposed study has the potential to identify a new, evidence-based intervention that can enhance cognition and independent living in patients with cognitive impairment after stroke.
Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200066184. It was registered on 26 November 2022.
A Population-based Analysis of Hematological Malignancies from a French- West-Indies Cancer Registry’s Data (2009-2018)
Authors: Houpert Rémi , Almont Thierry , Belahreche Rostom , Faro Mamadi , Okouango Jennie , Vestris Mylène , Macni Jonathan , Pierre-Louis Olivier , Montabord Chirstelle , Beaubrun-Renard Murielle , Soumah Naby , Boisseau Martial , Veronique-Baudin Jacqueline , Joachim Clarisse 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: A worldwide increased incidence of HM has been marked in recent decades. Therefore, to update epidemiological characteristics of HM in a French West Indies territory, we have performed analysis through Martinique's population-based cancer registry database.
Methods: We included cancer case data, from 2009-2018, coded in strict compliance with international standards set by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). We calculated standardized incidence (SIR), cumulative incidence at age 74, and temporal distributions using the global population standard, by sex and five age group. Mortality rates (SMR) were obtained from CépiDc.
Results: 1047 new cases and 674 deaths from HM were recorded, of which 501 MM (47.8%), 377 LMNH (36%), 123 LAM (11.8%), and 46 LH (4.4%) were reported in both sexes. MM is one of the hematological malignancies with the highest incidence in Martinique among men. Temporal distribution of trends in standardized incidence of all HM decreased overall in both sexes, except for MM in men. There is significant variability in mortality rates for both sexes. In addition, over the period, the temporal distribution of mortality trends for all HMs has decreased overall. Gender-specific rates, between 2009 and 2018, showed that all lymphoid HM have a multimodal distribution curve that increased with age.
Conclusions: Characteristics of HM in Martinique over the reporting periods differ from mainland France. Higher incidences have been observed, particularly for MM, and non-significant sub-mortality is observed compared to mainland France. Moreover, temporal distribution of mortality and incidence trends had decreased over the reporting periods except for MM. Our results showed similarities with African-Americans groups in United States and in particular an equivalence in the frequency distribution of diagnosed HM. However, SMR remains lower compared to US black ethnic groups. Our results contributed to expanding knowledge on the epidemiology of HM with Caribbean data.
Assessing, updating and utilising primary care smoking records for lung cancer screening
Authors: McCutchan Grace , Engela-Volker Jean , Anyanwu Philip , Brain Kate , Abel Nicole , Eccles Sinan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background. Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography for high-risk populations is being implemented in the UK. However, inclusive identification and invitation of the high-risk population is a major challenge for equitable lung screening implementation. Primary care electronic health records (EHRs) can be used to identify lung screening-eligible individuals based on age and smoking history, but the quality of EHR smoking data is limited. This study piloted a novel strategy for ascertaining smoking status in primary care and tested EHR search combinations to identify the lung screening-eligible population.
Methods. Seven primary care General Practices in South Wales, UK were included. Practice-level data on missing tobacco codes in EHRs were obtained. To update patient EHRs with no tobacco code, we developed and tested an algorithm that sent a text message request to patients via their GP practice to update their smoking status. The patient’s response automatically updated their EHR with the relevant tobacco code. Four search strategies using different combinations of tobacco codes for the age range 55-74+364 were tested to estimate likely impact on the total lung screening-eligible population in Wales. Search strategies included: BROAD (wide range of ever-smoking codes); VOLUME (wide range of ever-smoking codes excluding “trivial” former smoking); FOCUSED (cigarette-related tobacco codes only), and RECENT (current smoking within the last 20 years).
Results. Tobacco codes were not recorded for 3.3% of patients (n=724/21,956). Of those with no tobacco code and a validated mobile telephone number (n=333), 55% (n=183) responded via text message with their smoking status. Of the 183 patients who responded, 43.2% (n=79) had a history of smoking and were potentially eligible for lung cancer screening. Applying the BROAD search strategy resulted in an additional 148,522 patients eligible to receive an invitation for lung cancer screening when compared to the RECENT strategy.
Conclusion. An automated text message system could be used to improve the completeness of primary care EHR smoking data in preparation for rolling out a national lung cancer screening programme. Varying the search strategy for tobacco codes may have profound implications for the size of the lung screening-eligible population.
Application accuracy of a frameless optical neuronavigation system as a guide for craniotomies in dogs
Authors: Gutmann Sarah , Heiderhoff Miriam , Möbius Robert , Siegel Tanja , Flegel Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Optical neuronavigation systems using infrared light to create a virtual reality image of the brain allowing the surgeon to track instruments in real time. Due to the high vulnerability of the brain, neurosurgerical interventions must be performed with a high precision.
The aim of the experimental cadaveric study was to determine the application accuracy of a frameless optical neuronavigation system as guide for craniotomies by determining the target point deviation of predefined target points at the skull surface in the area of access to the cerebrum, cerebellum and the pituitary fossa.
On each of the five canine cadaver heads ten target points were marked in a preoperative CT scan. These target points were found on the cadaver skulls using the optical neuronavigation system. Then a small drill hole (1.5 mm) was drilled at these points. Subsequently, another CT scan was made. Both CT data sets were fused into the neuronavigation software and the actual target point coordinates were identified. The target point deviation was determined as the difference between the planned and drilled target point coordinates. The calculated deviation was compared between two observers.
Results: The analysis of the target point accuracies of all dogs in both observers taken together showed a median target point deviation of 1.57 mm (range: 0.42 to 5.14 mm). No significant differences were found between the observers or the different areas of target regions.
Conclusion: The application accuracy of the here described system is similar to the accuracy of other optical neuronavigation systems previously described in veterinary medicine, in which mean values of 1.79 to 4.3 mm and median target point deviations of 0.79 to 3.53 mm were determined.
Germline Functional Variants Contribute to Somatic Mutation and Outcomes in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Seo Eun Seop , Lee Ji Won , Lim Jinyeong , Shin Sunghwan , Cho Hee Won , Ju Hee Young , Yoo Keon Hee , Sung Ki Woong , Park Woong-Yang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Germline genetic context may play a significant role in the development and evolution of cancer, particularly in childhood cancers such as neuroblastoma. We studied the role of putatively functional germline variants (pFGVs) in neuroblastoma, even if they do not directly increase disease risk. Our whole-exome sequencing analysis of 125 patients with neuroblastoma revealed a positive correlation between pFGV burden and somatic mutations. Moreover, patients with higher pFGV burdens exhibited worse outcomes. Similar findings were observed in the separate neuroblastoma cohort. However, contrasting results emerged in adult-onset cancer, emphasizing the importance of germline genetics in neuroblastoma. The enrichment of pFGVs in cancer predisposition genes was evident in neuroblastoma compared to that in healthy and adult-onset cancer populations, and their presence had prognostic significance in neuroblastoma. The combination of germline and clinical risk factors improves survival predictions. Our study highlights the importance of germline variants and their potential implications in pediatric cancer.
Comprehensive study on the occurrence of heavy metals and their environmental risks in PM2.5 of indoor dusts in Xi’an, China
Authors: Yang Naiwang , Wang Yiyu , Gao Pingqiang , Zhang Jiayin , Song Wenbin , Song Xuejuan , Liu Shiyun , SU Huijun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Occurrence, distribution, ecological risk and health risk of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As and Cd in PM2.5 of indoor dusts from Xi’an were determined. All the target elements were detected in the samples, and the maximum Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As and Cd contents in PM2.5 of dusts were 458, 1005, 115, 604, 2845, 1778, 122.6, and 21.1 mg/kg, respectively. Human activities, industrial produce and traffic could be the main reason for the detection of heavy metals in PM2.5. Cd were exhibited significantly high potential ecological risk, which suggested that more attention should be paid to the ecological and environmental effects of Cd pollution. Health risk analysis shows that ingestion of dust particles is the route of exposure for metals in dust, followed by dermal adsorption and inhalation. For children, hazard indexes (HIs) for metals As and Pb were lager than 1, indicating the adverse non-carcinogenic risk for children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on investigating the fate and effects of heavy metals in PM2.5 in indoor dusts.
Emergency Department Utilisation and Treatment for Trauma-Related Presentations of Adolescents aged 16-18: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Brockhus Lara , Hofmann Elias , Keitel Kristina , Bärtsch Martina , Müller Martin , Klukowska-Rötzler Jolanta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
A recent study conducted at our tertiary hospital emergency department (ED) reviewed ED consultations and found that adolescents aged 16–18 years present significantly more often for trauma and psychiatric problems than adults over 18 years. Accidental injuries are one of the greatest health risks for children and adolescents. In view of the increased vulnerability of the adolescent population, this study aimed to further analyse trauma-related presentations in adolescents.
Methods
We conducted a single-centre, retrospective, cross-sectional study of all adolescent trauma patients aged 16 to 18 years presenting to the adult ED at the University Hospital (Inselspital) in Bern, Switzerland, from January 2013 to July 2017. We analysed presentation data as well as inpatient treatment and cost-related data. Data between female and male patients were compared with univariable analysis. A comparison group was formed consisting of 200 randomly chosen patients aged 19–25 years old with the same presentation characteristics. Predictive factors for operative treatment were obtained by multivariable analysis.
Results
The study population included a total of 1,626 adolescent patients aged 16–18 years. The predominant cause for ED presentation (consistent within case and comparison groups for sex and age) were sports accidents, falls and violence. Male patients were more likely to need surgical treatment (OR 1.8 [95% CI: 1.2–2.5], p = 0.001) and consequently inpatient treatment (OR 1.5 [95% CI: 1.1–2.1], p = 0.01), associated with higher costs (median 792 Swissfrancs [IQR: 491-1,598]). Other independent risk factors for operative treatment were violence-related visits (OR 2.1 [95% CI: 1.3–3.5, p = 0.004]) and upper extremity trauma (OR 2.02 [95% CI: 1.5–2.8], p < 0.001). Night shift (OR 0.56 [95% CI: 0.37–0.86], 0.008) and walk-in consultations (OR 0.3 [95% CI: 0.2; 0.4, < 0.001] were preventive factors for operative treatment.
Conclusions
Male adolescents account for the majority of emergency visits and appear to be at higher risk for accidents as well as surgical treatment and/or inpatient admission due to sports accidents or injuries obtained through violence. We suggest the implementation of further preventive measures and recommendations with a focus on sport activities and violence related injuries.
Seismic bearing capacity of strip footing above cavities in rock masses
Authors: Xiao Yao , Cheng Zhouyang , Shu Bingjun , Cui Shixuan , He Jiaan , Zhang Rui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach for investigating the seismic bearing capacity of strip footings overlying cavities in rock masses using adaptive finite element limit analysis (FELA) combined with nonlinear programming (NLP). The generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion is employed to describe the strength of the rock mass, which is directly incorporated into the FELA program. The feasible arc interior point algorithm (FAIPA) is utilized to solve the optimization models, and to enhance the convergence speed of the NLP algorithm, a new imprecise step search algorithm is proposed. Based on the FELA method, the bearing capacity of strip footing on a rock mass without voids and the dimensionless reduction factor are determined. The computed results are presented in tables and charts, and the impacts of geometric parameters and material properties on the reduction factor are thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, failure modes associated with different parameters are discussed, and a design procedure is proposed for practical engineering applications.
Management of Mexican Bean Beetle, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with Botanical powders and oils in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Damena Kalkidan , Goftishu Muluken , Fite Tarekegn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an essential crop for food security and nutrition mainly for Sub-Saharan African’s smallholder farmers. However, the production and productivity of common bean is mainly constrained by Mexican bean beetles, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman). Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of plant seed powders of neem, Hochst and wild marigold, leaf powders of sweet fennel and broad-leaved croton, plant essential oils of neem and Hochst and African cabbage edible oil at different rates against Z. subfasciatus. All parameters at all botanical seed and leaf powder rates showed a significant difference over the untreated control, except for seed damage at 5 g leaf powders of sweet fennel and broad-leaved croton. Neem, wild marigold, and Hochst at the rates of 5, 10, 15 g/ 150 g, and sweet fennel at 10 and 15 g/ 150 g and broad-leaved croton at 15 g/150 g resulted in 96–100% seed protection, reduced emergence of F1 progeny, seed damage, seed weight loss, and were statistically at par with primphos-methyl. All tested botanical powders recorded 87–100% germination. The botanical oils and mustard cooking oil at rates of 0.5, 1.5, and 3 mL per 150 g common bean produced adult beetle mortality in the range of 93–100% and seed protection of 99–100%. Thus, smallholder farmers can use any of the above indicated botanical powders or oils for post-harvest storage depending on their availability against Z. subfasciatus. Further research on the botanical powders and oils under farmer’s storage condition is important.
Physiological and biochemical study of the drought tolerance of 14 main olive cultivars in the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Rico Elena Illana , Fuente Genoveva Carmen Martos , Morillas Ainhoa Ortega , Ocaña Ana Maria Fernández 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A complete study of 14 olive cultivars of great economic importance was carried out. These cultivars are Arbequina, Arbosana, Chemlali, Cornicabra, Cornezuelo de Jaén, Empeltre, Frantoio, Hojiblanca, Koroneiki, Manzanilla de Sevilla, Martina, Picual, Sikitita1 and Sikitita 2. All of them are certified by the World Olive Germplasm Bank of Córdoba (Spain). They are predominant cultivars in the olive groves of different locations throughout the Mediterranean basin, and they were subjected to total water deficit for a minimum of 14 days and a maximum of 42 days in the present study. Data such as chlorophyll content, soil moisture and specific leaf area were gathered. Photosynthetic parameters measured at the respective saturation irradiance of each cultivar were also analysed: assimilation rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic efficiency, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching, photonic flux density, electron transference ratio, efficient use of water and amount of proline and malondialdehyde as indicators of oxidative stress. In addition to the control, two different experimental conditions were analysed: moderate drought, after 14 days of lack of irrigation, and severe drought, after 28 to 42 days of total absence of irrigation, depending on the tolerance of each cultivar. Based on the results, the cultivars were characterised and divided into four groups according to their drought tolerance: tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately sensitive and sensitive to drought. This work represents the first contribution of drought tolerance of a considerable number of olive cultivars, with all of them being subjected to the same criteria and experimental conditions for their classification.
Mapping mining waste and identification of acid mine drainage within the area of active mining through sub-pixel analysis on OLI ad Sentinel-2
Authors: Hosseinjanizadeh Mahdieh , Khorasanipour Mehdi , Honarmand Mehdi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present research focuses on investigating the application of remote sensing for mapping mining waste and identifying areas prone to acid mine drainage within the area of active mining through sub-pixel analysis on Sentinel-2 and OLI sensor of Landsat-8. For this purpose, the Sarcheshmeh mine located in southeast of Iran was investigated. Mine wastes were initially identified using a partial sub-pixel matched filtering algorithm on OLI and Sentinel-2 data images. Areas having potential for AMD were subsequently determined and assessed by comparing field observations and samples analyses including pH of water samples, as well as mineralogical X-ray diffraction analyses, chemical and spectral analyses like visible near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy, and pH of rock and hardened precipitates samples. Drainage networks were extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM) of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and overlain on the discriminated potential sources of AMD to determine if the hydrologic network intersected the areas of mine waste. Sub-pixel analyses of Sentinal-2 and OLI sensor data indicate that mineral mapping abundance accuracies for potential acid-generating minerals species were determined to be more than 79%. This result suggests that mineral mapping through these sensors is an effective tool for the characterization of mineral species comprising mine waste in areas prone to AMD. Overlaying the results also showed that it is possible to determine the impact of the wastes or polluted AMD on the region and design a plan for managing, controlling, and neutralizing contaminated areas.
Quantifying electronic structure and geometric effects on the activity of Pt/CeO2 catalysts for the water-gas shift reaction
Authors: Artiglia Luca , Li Xiansheng , Wang Xing , Beck Arik , Artsiusheuski Mikalai , Liu Qianyu , Liu Qiang , Krumeich Frank , Aschauer Ulrich , Bokhoven Jeroen A. van 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The unique catalytic activity of small nanoparticles can be attributed to their distinctive electronic structure and/or their ability to expose sites with a unique geometry. Quantifying and distinguishing the contributions of these effects to catalytic performance presents a challenge, given the complexity arising from multiple influencing factors and the lack of a quantitative structure-activity relationship. Here, we show that the intrinsic activity of platinum atom at the perimeter corner sites is three orders of magnitude higher as a result of an electronic structure effect, with a threshold occurring at an average nanoparticle size of about 1.25 nm. The contributions to the activity of atomically dispersed platinum, large nanoparticles and sodium-induced support modification are minor. This comprehensive and quantitative structure-activity correlation was demonstrated on real-world Pt/CeO2 catalysts for the water-gas shift reaction by utilizing operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy, theoretical modeling, and kinetic models.
Urban agglomeration and innovation in developing economies
Authors: Zhang Peng , Estrin Saul , Hu Yuan , Shapiro Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Theory and evidence from developed economies suggests that innovation activities benefit from agglomeration economies associated with urban economic density. However, whether the same is true of developing countries has not been investigated by large-scale cross-country analysis, despite the fact that eighteen of the world’s top twenty cities are in developing countries. We propose that the development path followed by cities in developing countries creates agglomeration costs that largely limit innovation. We build a unique database to measure consistently both urban economic density and innovation across a large number of developing countries. We find that in developing countries, innovation eventually declines as urban economic density increases, with the decline being most prominent in the largest cities. That is, the largest cities in developing countries are not able to act as sustainable sources of innovation. Our results suggest the importance of addressing urban agglomeration costs as a means to facilitate innovative activity.