bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Role of Serum Golgi Protein 73 as a Biomarker for the Assessment of Significant Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Salem Amira Ahmed , ElGhandour Ahmed Mohamed , Ahmed Ahmed Elmetwally , Ali Esmail Husein Mohamud 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Significant fibrosis is the hallmark of progressive nature of chronic HBV infection. Therefore, it is fundamentally important to detect significant fibrosis accurately for decision on subsequent clinical management. Liver stiffness (LS) determined with Transient elastography (TE) and non-invasive indirect serum biomarkers (APRI score and FIB-4 Index) are most promising approaches in non- invasively evaluating significant liver fibrosis and minimizing the need of invasive liver biopsy. A recently introduced fibrosis biomarker in chronic liver diseases is Serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73).

Aim
The current study aimed at assessing the diagnostic accuracy of serum GP73 for significant fibrosis in antiviral-naïve HBV patients.

Methods
Forty patients who have never been treated for HBV infection were enrolled. They were subjected to full history, clinical, laboratory assessment and imaging by abdominal ultrasound. Serum Golgi protein 73 level were assessed for all patients and compared with APRI score, FIB-4 index results.

Results
Out of 40 patients who were enrolled, 65% % were males. The mean age was 43.78±11.58 years. 11 patients (27.5%) had significant liver fibrosis (≥ F2) and 29 patients (72.5%) had “No or Mild Fibrosis (&lt;F2) as evidenced by both APRI and FIB-4. Our study showed Statistically significant correlation between APRI score and FIB-4 Index with age of the patients, haemoglobin level, Platelets, albumin, AST level, ALT level, INR and Direct bilirubin levels with p value &lt;0.001 for the age, AST, ALT, Platelets and Albumin, with p value &lt;0.015 for haemoglobin and Direct bilirubin and with p value &lt;0.005 for INR By using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Serum biomarker GP 73 showed statistically significant correlation with Age in years (P &lt;0.005), AST level (P &lt;0.017), ALT level (P &lt;0.022) and Platelets (P &lt;0.002) and statistically insignificant correlation with Haemoglobin, albumin level, INR, and direct bilirubin level.

Conclusions
Noninvasive simple biomarkers FIB-4, APRI and measurements of GP 73 can be used as good predictor of liver fibrosis in antiviral-naïve chronic HBV patients which can minimize the need for invasive liver biopsy in prediction of significant hepatic fibrosis.
Assessment of Depression in Hemodialysis Patients and Its Impact on Quality of Life
Authors: Mahmoud Fatma-Alzahraa Mohammed Naguib , Baqi Aber Halim , Rizk Khalid Mohammed , Abdelmobdy Ashraf Hassan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
End stage renal disease patients are thought to be highly susceptible to emotional problems. Depression is generally accepted to be the commonest psychological problem in patients with end stage renal disease which will affect the quality of life of these patients.

Aim of the Work
To assess depression in hemodialysis patients and its impact on physical and mental health.

Methods
A cross section study was made in Ain shams university hospital and other hemodialysis units on 500 patients on regular Hemodialysis.

Results
the study show a lower quality of life (both mentally and physically using SF-12 questionnaire) in patients with severe depression compared with those with mild to moderate depression. As quality of life is a predictor of survival in HD patients. Hence, correlation between quality of life and BDI score focuses on the effects of depression on HD patients’ survival.

Conclusion
Depression is so common among our dialysis patients whatever its degree. Different components of quality of life (physical and mental) are affected among our dialysis patients. Depression score (BDI score) is in direct relationship with age, marital status and employment. Physical, mental and total components of SF12v1 has a significant negative correlation with age, BMI, dialysis vintage and interdialytic weight gain. Associated comorbid diseases had significant correlation with depression and quality of life in our dialysis patients. Depression severity has significant negative correlation with PCS, MCS and the total score of SF12v1. Patients with mild depression have significantly higher scores of the various components of SF12v1 much more than those with moderate depression. Depression is highly statistically significant in predicting of PCS, MCS and the total score of SF12v1 and each increase in depression severity leads to significant decrease in them with different degrees.
Effect of Low and High Sodium Dialysate on Functional Capacity and Health Related Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ezzat Abdelaziz Haitham , Abdelhady Ahmed Kadry , Abdel-Samea Marwa Shaaban , Ahmed Hossam Eldin Mostafa Mahmoud 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients on dialysis have low health related quality of life (HRQOL) and an annual mortality rate many-fold greater than the general population. There is uncertainty about whether low sodium in dialysis fluid improves overall health and wellbeing for people on haemodialysis, since there are mixtures of probably good and bad effects.

Aim
To assess the effect of low sodium and high sodium dialysate on functional capacity and HRQOL in hemodialysis patients.

Patients and Methods
comparative case-control study conducted on 60 ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis receiving their treatment at the Nephrology hemodialysis unit in Luxor International Hospital from June 2021 till November 2021. The study population was divided into 2 groups: Group 1: included 30 patients on low sodium dialysate (130 mmol/l). Group 2: included 30 patients on high sodium dialysate (138 mmol/l).

Results
Our data revealed a significant increase in the percentage of hypertensive patients recruited to be among the low sodium dialysate group as compared with high sodium group (P value &lt;0.001). At the end of the study, there were a significant decrease in DBP, IDWG and UF among low sodium group compared with high sodium group, there were a significant increase in 6MWT and SF-36 in Low sodium group when compared with High sodium group. No statistical significant difference between the studied groups as regard each of the laboratory data, ECG, and ECHO at the end of the study (P value&gt;0

Conclusion
Low sodium dialysate is effective in improving the health related quality of life of hypertensive hemodialysis patients, however, it did not reduce left ventricular mass relative to control despite improving fluid status.
Interleukin 32 as a New Biomarker for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ghaly Sameh , Sabry Mohamed Manal , AbdelRahman Ghada , Azmy Karim Hamed Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) now refers to a spectrum of liver diseases that ranges from steatosis (i.e., fatty infiltration of the liver) to Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) ie, steatosis with inflammation and hepatocyte necrosis, to fibrosis and cirrhosis with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is the most common cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis, which is cirrhosis that cannot be explained by hepatitis, alcohol abuse, toxin exposure, autoimmune disease, congenital liver disease, vascular outflow obstruction, or biliary tract disease.

Objective
To study serum levels of interleukin 32 in patients with NAFLD to detect its relation to the incidence and severity of NAFLD.

Patients and Methods
Type of Study: Case control study. Study Setting: The study will be conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Study Period: The study will take place from January 2019 to October 2019. To obtain this aim, we included 80 persons & divided them into 2 groups: Group I: 40 patients with NAFLD as a case group. Group II: 40 healthy subjects as a control group. We can sum up our results in the following points: Weight, BMI and Waist circumference were significantly higher among case group when compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.001 for all). While there was non statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding Height.

Results
The best cut off point of Interleukin 32 Concentration (ng\ml) to detect Cases group was &gt; 22.5 with sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 87.50%, PPV of 88.9%, NPV of 100% and total accuracy of 98.2%. The best cut off point of Interleukin 32 Concentration (ng\ml) to detect High group was found ≤165 with sensitivity of 90.91%, specificity of 28.57%, PPV of 85.7%, NPV of 40% and total accuracy of 55.8%. The best cut off point of Interleukin 32 Concentration (ng\ml) to detect Indeterminant group was ≤75 with sensitivity of 48.48%, specificity of 85.71%, PPV of 94.1%, NPV of 26.1% and total accuracy of 62%.

Conclusion
Interleukin 32 can be considered as a diagnostic marker for nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases with sensitivity of 100% and total accuracy of 98.2%. Interleukin 32 Concentration was found to be negatively correlated with serum Albumin level. Although, We found no correlation between Interleukin 32 Concentration & each of Fatty Liver Index score, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases Fibrosis Score and PAUS Size.
Risk Stratification of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding by AIMS65, Rockall, Glasgow Blatchford and Baylor Scores
Authors: Mohamed Sherif Monier , Musa Nevine Ibrahim , Faheem Heba Ahmed , Safian Mohammed Kamal Hussain 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is the most common cause of emergency admission in gastrointestinal disease. Despite the development of endoscopic therapies and pharmacological management, UGIB is still associated with considerable rates of mortality and morbidity, and high medical expenses. Different scoring systems have been suggested for diagnosing these patients.

Aim of the Work
In this study we aimed to compare the predictive value of three scoring systems Rockall, Glasgow Blatchfors scale (GBS) and AIMS65 in patients with UGIB.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 120 adult Egyptian patients presented by UGIB at Emergency department of Ain Shams University Hospital in Cairo, Egypt at a period from October 2020 to June 2021. Patients underwent upper endoscopy within first day from an attack of UGIB. AIMS65, GBS, and PRS scores were calculated for each patient. The ability of these scores to predict clinical outcomes was determined. Area under the receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for rebleeding and mortality.

Results
GBS was superior to AIMS65, Rockall and Baylor scores in identifying the patients who are likely to need interventional endoscopy "cutoff ≥8.5, sensitivity 80.8%, specificity 54.4%", need blood transfusion "cutoff ≥11.5, sensitivity 54.2%, specificity 90.3%. While AIMS65 score was superior to GBS and other scores in prediction of unfavorable outcomes, namely risk of need for ICU admission "Cutoff ≥1.5, sensitivity 86.4% specificity 96.1%", need for rebleeding in hospital "cutoff ≥1.5, sensitivity 92.7%, specificity 96.2%" and death in hospital "cutoff ≥2.5, sensitivity 90.9%, specificity 98.2%. The reasons for differences in cutoff values compared to previous studies can including ethnicity, UGIB aetiology, period of follow up and number of patients.

Conclusion
Early risk stratification is recommended in patients presenting with acute UGIB to identify patients at higher risk of bleeding or death and guide management decisions regarding timing of endoscopy, triage to appropriate level of care, and disposition. The optimal cutoff of each scoring system should be specified for different population to maximize the power of identifying UGIB patients at high risk of death.
Correlation of Stool Lactobacillus acidophilus and Leaky Gut Syndrome in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroditis
Authors: Halawa Mohamed Reda , Hendawy Laila Mahmoud Ali , Michael Mina , EL dossoki Omneya Refaat Abdel Rahman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation and circulating autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Patients require hormone replacement with oral levothyroxine, and if untreated, they can develop serious adverse health effects and ultimately death. There is a lot of evidence that the intestinal dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth, and increased intestinal permeability favor the HT development, and a thyroid–gut axis has been proposed, which seems to impact our entire metabolism.

Aim of the Work
To Study the Correlation of stool lactobacillus acidophilus and leaky gut syndrome in patients with hashimoto thyroditis.

Patients and Methods
This was a case control study that was conducted on 60 Egyptian patients that was divided into 2 groups, Group 1 that included 30 patients with Hashimoto s thyroiditis first diagnosed or on therapy and Group 2 that included 30 healthy subjects as a control and it was conducted at Ain Shams University hospital outpatient Endocrinology Clinic throughout 6 months.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding Gender and Age, and there was highly statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding BMI. There was no statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding FT3, and there was highly statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding FT4 and TSH. There was highly statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding Anti tpo, Zonulin and Lactobacillus PCR. There was non statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding Gender, Age and BMI. No statistically significant difference was found between two groups regarding FT3, FT4 and TSH. There was highly statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding Anti tpo, and there was no statistically significant difference found between two groups regarding Zonulin.

Conclusion
There are alterations in the micro biota and intestinal permeability in Brazilian patients with HT. In addition, we suggest that diet might have played an important role in modulating the gut micro biota in patients with HT. These findings could help understand the HT development and progression, while.
Significance of Plasma Osteopontin in Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Awad Emad , Eldeen Zaynab Ali , Samir Rasha , Ali Metawe Ragheda M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver that occurs predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth most common neoplasm and the third most frequent cause of cancer death. More than 700 000 cases of this malignant disease were diagnosed in 2008, with an age-adjusted worldwide incidence of 16 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the leading cause of death among patients with cirrhosis.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of plasma OPN in the diagnosis of HCC among hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related LC.

Patients and Methods
Plasma levels of OPN will be measured in 20 healthy controls and 70 Egyptian patients with HCV-related LC. Patients will be divided into 2 groups: Group 1: 35 HCV patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC. Group 2: 35 HCV patients with liver cirrhosis without HCC.

Result
There was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard sex.
There was highly significant difference between the studied groups as regard CBC. As regard HB there was highly significant difference between (control and group 1) and (control and group 2) and significant difference between (group 1 and group 2). As regard INR there was highly significant difference between (control and group 1) and (control and group 2). As regard Platelets there was highly significant difference between (control and group 1) and (control and group 2) and significant difference between (group 1 and group 2). There was highly significant difference between the studied groups as regard Albumin and Total Bilirubin and significant difference as regard ALT and ALP. There was no significant difference between the studied groups as regard Child–Pugh class. There was highly significant difference between the studied groups as regard OPN. Using roc curve, it was shown that OPN level can be used to discriminate between patients and controls at a cutoff level of &gt; 146.9, with 60% sensitivity, 97.14% specificity, 95.5% PPV and 70.8% NPV.

Conclusion
OPN level can be used to discriminate between patients and controls at a cutoff level of &gt; 146.9, with 60% sensitivity, 97.14% specificity, 95.5% PPV and 70.8% NPV.
The Association of Uremic Pruritus with Blood Lead Level in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients through Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Shawky Sahar Mahmoud , Khedr Lina Essam , Abd El-Hamid Reham Abd El-Aziz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Back ground and objective
Pruritus is a common and often distressing symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease. Though the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus remains poorly understood, however systemic inflammation is one of the possible pathogenesis of uremic pruritus, and blood lead level has been noted to be associated with inflammation and nutritional status in long-term hemodialysis patients. There might be an interaction or association, therefore, between blood lead level and uremic pruritus through systemic inflammation. Blood lead level in hemodialysis patients might increase the intensity or have an additive role of pruritus caused by other more common risk factors. This study aims to further verify or deny the relation between blood lead level and uremic pruritus.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The present study is a cross sectional study that investigates the relation between blood lead levels and pruritus in patients with end stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis. 50 patients were enrolled in this study, all were on regular hemodialysis 3 times a week, patients with primary skin diseases (psoriasis, erythroderma, etc), HCV positive patients, patients with chronic liver disease and patients with malignancies were excluded. Patients with PTH levels over 300 pg/dl And those with corrected calcium and phosphorus levels over 10.2 and 5.5 mg/dl Were excluded from the study. We divided the patients into 2 groups, group 1 (n = 10) with no pruritus and group 2 (n = 40) with varying degrees of pruritus.

Results
There was a significant difference in serum lead levels and ferritin levels between group 1 and 2. Group 2 was further divided according to intensity of Pruritus by VAS score into mild (n = 10), moderate (n = 20) and severe pruritus (n = 10) There was also a statistically significant difference in serum lead levels in different groups of intensity of pruritus, having higher serum lead levels in patients who exhibited severe pruritus. And there was a significant correlation between blood lead and duration of dialysis

Conclusion
Uremic pruritus is a multi-factorial phenomenon, our study showed that Blood lead level in HD patients might increase the intensity and have an additive role in the pathogenesis of pruritus in dialysis patients hence Blood lead level is positively correlated with Uremic Pruritus.
We were able to demonstrate that both blood lead and duration of dialysis together are the most sensitive predictors for pruritus, the best cut off value for blood lead is 6 together with duration above 10 with high sensitivity, specificity and efficacy.
Correlation between Primary Knee Osteoarthritis and Metabolic Syndrome among Egyptian Patients
Authors: Abdelaziz Amina Badreldin , Morshedi Nashwa Aly , Samaan Sara Farid , Mahmoud Sabreen Abdelkader 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have suggested that metabolic syndrome is associated with osteoarthritis (OA). However, analyses have not addressed whether levels of individual metabolic syndrome components are related to OA. This study was undertaken to examine the relationship of metabolic syndrome and its components with radiographic and symptomatic knee OA

Objective
To assess the impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on the degree of structural damage and function impairment in a sample of Egyptian patients with symptomatic primary knee OA.

Patients and Methods
In this study, 116 Egyptian osteoarthritic patients were included, Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A: includes 58 osteoarthritic patients with metabolic syndrome. Group B: includes 58 osteoarthritic patients without metabolic syndrome.

Results
There was a positive correlation detected between HAQ and hypertension with P-Value 0.002. There was a positive correlation detected between WOMAC and hypertension with P-Value 0.000.we found that OA was sever in hypertensive patients, old age, patients with high waist circumference and high levels of CRP, TG, FBG and 2HPP with P-value &gt; 0.001. While there was no correlation between X-ray grading with and ESR, uric acid, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, HBA1C and insulin resistance with P-Value &gt; 0.05

Conclusion
We concluded that patients with knee OA and metabolic syndrome has more radiological damage and severe grades of functional disability in comparative to patients with OA without MS.
Comparative Study between Incremental Hemodialysis and Conventional Thrice Weekly Hemodialysis in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: El-Sayed Mady Gamal , Ezzat Abd-Elaziz Haitham , Tawfik Ahmed Mohamed , Ahmed Samah Ahmed Elsayed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The concept of incremental dialysis is inherent to the increasingly accepted idea of a new patient-centered prescription of dialysis.

Objective
To compare the intervention arm (incremental HD) with the control arm (standard3 HD/week).Incident patients will be randomized to one of the two treatment groups in equal proportion. Primary outcome is the preservation of RKF assessed as time to anuria (UO &lt; 100 mL/day). Secondary outcomes are all-cause mortality and significant events, including vascular access failure and associated interventions, cardiovascular events and hospital admissions.

Patients and Methods
Type of Study: Prospective cohort study. Study Setting: Multi centric patients selectionfrom hemodialysis units. Study period: 6 months.

Results
These findings support the assumption in hand, that a twice weekly regimen is in fact adequate for preserving the RKF. As regarding the occurrence of cerebrovascular events, chest pain, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Arrhythmia was not recorded in the incremental group, while in the conventional group it was recorded in 2 patients with a percentage of 8.0%, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups; P-value was 0.490. As regarding the need for hospital admission, there was no significant difference between both groups. As regarding the occurrence of vascular access failure, it was recorded in 2 patients in the incremental group with a percentage of 8.0%, compared to 4 patients in the conventional group with a percentage of 16.0%. There was no significant difference between the two groups; P-value was 0.667.

Conclusion
HD, RCTs are lacking and are urgently needed. If the potential benefits of incremental HD will be confirmed by RCTs, then starting dialysis at a full dose will be subjecting patients to unnecessarily long or more frequent treatments for an unnecessarily long time, and at higher cost.