bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performance of Alzheimer’s disease blood biomarkers in a Brazilian cohort
Authors: Borelli Wyllians Vendramini , Ferreira Pamela C L , Brum Wagner Scheeren , Ferrari-Souza João Pedro , Carello-Collar Giovanna , Holz Maila , Tizeli Victoria , Strelow Matheus Zschornack , Formoso Carolina , Fagundes Chaves Marcia Lorena , Rocha Andreia , Aguzzoli Cristiano Schaffer , Rohden Francieli , Souza Débora G. , Schumacher Schuh Artur Francisco , Povala Guilherme , Bellaver Bruna , Rosa-Neto Pedro , Castilhos Raphael Machado , Pascoal Tharick A. , Zimmer Eduardo R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundBlood-based biomarkers (BBMs) have emerged as promising tools to enhance Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis. Despite two-thirds of dementia cases occurring in the Global South, research on BBMs has predominantly focused on populations from the Global North. This geographical disparity hinders our understanding of BBM performance in diverse populations. To address this, we evaluated the diagnostic properties of AD BBMs in a real-world memory clinic from Brazil, one of the largest countries in the Global South. We measured blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers - amyloid-β (Aβ)40, Aβ42, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 217, neurofilament light (NfL) chain, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) - in 59 individuals. Sample comprised 20 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, 22 with AD dementia, and 17 with vascular dementia (VaD). We compared BBM levels across diagnostic groups and assessed their discriminative ability for AD. Notably, individuals with VaD and AD had lower educational levels (6.8±3.0) compared to CU individuals (61.4±6.6). Among the BBMs tested, plasma p-tau217 demonstrated the best performance, exhibiting high accuracy in differentiating CU from AD (AUC 0.96) and Aβ pathology (AUC 0.98). However, the ability of AD BBMs to distinguish between AD and VaD was lower than expected (AUC from 0.52 to 0.79), particularly when compared to studies from the Global North. Our findings highlight the potential utility of BBMs for AD diagnosis in real-world settings within the Global South. However, they also underscore the need for proper implementation and validation of these biomarkers within these populations to ensure accurate and reliable results.
Performance of an artificial intelligence foundation model for prostate radiotherapy segmentation
Authors: Doucette Matt , Liao Chien-Yi , Lin Mu-Han , Jiang Steve , Nguyen Dan , Yang Daniel X. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractImportanceArtificial intelligence (AI) foundation models such as Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM 2) offer potential for semi-automated image segmentation with minimal fine-tuning, but their performance in specialized clinical tasks like radiation therapy planning are not well characterized.ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of SAM 2 in segmenting pre-operative intact prostate and post-operative prostate fossa targets for prostate radiotherapy planning.Design, Setting, ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study deploying and testing a foundation model for AI segmentation for prostate radiotherapy planning. CT simulation images and radiation plans were obtained from a single academic institution for patients undergoing prostate cancer treatment. Data analysis was performed from September 2024 to February 2025.ExposuresAI segmentation with varying levels of human intervention, ranging from intervals of every 2nd to every 10th ground truth slice provided as input.Main Outcome and MeasuresSegmentation accuracy measured by Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and Hausdorff Distance (HD) for intact and post-operative prostate target delineation.ResultsWhile SAM 2 outperformed interpolation in DSC and HD for both intact and post-operative prostate cancer patient cases, the AI segmentation accuracy was significantly better in the intact pre-operative patient cases where anatomic boundaries were better defined than post-operative patient cases. This is especially evident when sparse ground truth was provided simulating lower levels of human intervention.Conclusions and RelevanceAI foundation models show promising application for specialized medical tasks such as prostate cancer radiotherapy segmentation with limited need for fine-tuning or retraining, although their clinical application will require further understanding of task-specific performance.
The neuron-intrinsic membrane skeleton is required for motor neuron integrity throughout lifespan
Authors: Davison Carrie Ann , Garcia Daniela , Feng Chengye , Hao Hongyan , Jorgensen Erik M. , Hammarlund Marc 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAxons experience physical stress throughout an organism’s lifetime, and disruptions in axonal integrity are hallmarks of both neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic injuries. The spectrin-based membrane periodic skeleton (MPS) is proposed to have a crucial role in maintaining axonal strength, flexibility, and resilience. To investigate the importance of the intrinsic MPS for GABAergic motor neuron integrity inC. elegans, we employed the auxin-inducible degron system to degrade β-spectrin/UNC-70 in a cell-type specific and time-dependent manner. Degradation of β-spectrin from all neurons beginning at larval development resulted in widespread axon breakage and regeneration in VD/DD GABAergic motor neurons in both larval and adult animals. Similarly, targeted degradation of β-spectrin in GABA neurons alone resulted in extensive breakage. Moreover, we found that depleting β-spectrin from the mature nervous system also induced axon breaks. By contrast, epidermal β-spectrin was not required for axon integrity of VD/DD neurons. These findings demonstrate the cell-intrinsic importance of neuronal β-spectrin/UNC-70 for axon integrity both during development and in adulthood.
Quinpirole ameliorates the dysfunction of microglia in human LRRK2-R1441G transgenic mice
Authors: Chen Yuanxin , Cui Shiquan , Wang Huaixin , Zeng Chenbo , Zhang Hui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMicroglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a key contributor to Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), the leading genetic contributor to both familial and sporadic PD, has been implicated in driving this connection. However, its precise role remains incompletely understood due to technical challenges. To address this, we utilized a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse model overexpressing human LRRK2-R1441G, which replicates key features of PD. These mice were crossed with Cx3cr1–EGFP mice to enable assessment of microglial dynamics and function using two-photon imaging in awake micein vivoand acute brain slicesex vivo. Furthermore, spatial transcriptomic analysis was performed using GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler technology to compare transgenic mice with their wild-type counterparts. The R1441G mutation upregulated antigen processing and presentation pathways, increased activated microglia, and enhanced microglial polarization in the dorsal striatum. Mutant microglia exhibited reduced motility and slower responses to focal injury, with processes retracting faster and extending more slowly. Quinpirole, a dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonist, successfully reversed microglial deficits. This study provides the first evidence that pathogenic LRRK2 mutations alter microglial motility and responsivenessin vivo, highlighting D2R activation as a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD.
Prediction of container throughput at Thailand’s major ports with error correction and parameter selection techniques emphasizes optimal smoothing period
Authors: Sujjaviriyasup Thoranin 
Published: February 2025

PurposeA combined approach of additive Holt–Winters, support vector regression, simple moving average and generalized simulated annealing with error correction and optimal parameter selection techniques emphasizing optimal smoothing period in residual adjustment is developed and proposed to predict datasets of container throughput at major ports.Design/methodology/approachThe additive Holt–Winters model describes level, trend and seasonal patterns to provide smoothing values and residuals. In addition, the fitted additive Holt–Winters predicts a future smoothing value. Afterwards, the residual series is improved by using a simple moving average with the optimal period to provide a more obvious and steady series of the residuals. Subsequently, support vector regression formulates a nonlinear complex function with more obvious and steady residuals based on optimal parameters to describe the remaining pattern and predict a future residual value. The generalized simulated annealing searches for the optimal parameters of the proposed model. Finally, the future smoothing value and the future residual value are aggregated to be the future value.FindingsThe proposed model is applied to forecast two datasets of major ports in Thailand. The empirical results revealed that the proposed model outperforms all other models based on three accuracy measures for the test datasets. In addition, the proposed model is still superior to all other models with three metrics for the overall datasets of test datasets and additional unseen datasets as well. Consequently, the proposed model can be a useful tool for supporting decision-making on port management at major ports in Thailand.Originality/valueThe proposed model emphasizes smoothing residuals adjustment with optimal moving period based on error correction and optimal parameter selection techniques that is developed and proposed to predict datasets of container throughput at major ports in Thailand.
Differentiated behavioural consequences of illegitimate tasks: The role of work motivation and stressor appraisals
Authors: Yang Pengcheng , Jing Linfang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGiven the stressor essence of illegitimate tasks, we explored their potential bright side and the mechanisms of action that lead to differential behavioural consequences. Based on the Transactional Theory of Stress (TTS) and Self‐Determination Theory (SDT), we hypothesized that illegitimate tasks, as a common stressor in the workplace, could trigger differential appraisal results in employees, leading to distinct behavioural choices. Additionally, different work motivations moderated employees' appraisal results of illegitimate tasks. Through a two‐wave time‐lagged investigation with 317 Chinese employees, we found that when employees were assigned illegitimate tasks, they would either generate challenge appraisal, leading to a positive indirect effect on their voice behaviour, or hindrance appraisal, leading to a positive indirect effect on their silence behaviour. Furthermore, autonomous motivation moderated the relationship between illegitimate tasks and challenge appraisal, while controlled motivation demonstrated a substitution relationship with illegitimate tasks in influencing hindrance appraisal. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
La condición inmaterial del patrimonio edificado. Perspectivas emergentes desde las categorías de paisaje urbano histórico y de patrimonio cultural inmaterial
Authors: Fuentes Farías Francisco Javier 
Published: February 2025

Considerando que el patrimonio construido posee atributos sociales, culturales, simbólicos, y significantes, hoy parece importante ofrecer una perspectiva general, un enfoque holístico o integral, sobre el tipo de fenómenos y procesos que influyen en la preservación histórica de dicho patrimonio.
El presente es un trabajo de reflexión, de revisión y de comparación de teorías y conceptos clave ampliamente utilizados en las teorías del diseño urbano-arquitectónico, y en la especialidad de restauración, preservación y salvaguarda del patrimonio edificado, para mostrar algunos aspectos teóricos y metodológicos importantes a la hora de valorar el punto de vista de las comunidades asociados a este.
Se analizaron conceptos como identidad cultural, patrimonio inmaterial y paisaje urbano histórico como recurso para entender la totalidad de los procesos y fenómenos que intervienen en el surgimiento del espacio urbano, y en su preservación histórica como patrimonio de la humanidad.
Ante un incipiente modelo holista sobre la relación ciudad-preservación-habitantes, y bajo un enfoque integrativo entre ciencias cognitivas, estudios urbanos, filosofía y ciencias sociales, se propone abordar ese punto de vista como un proceso cognitivo de percepción, manejo e interpretación de significados que los actores utilizan para dar sentido a su vida cotidiana, en un proceso colectivo y complejo que involucra la cognición social y la intercorporalidad, y que determina el rumbo y las características intangibles del patrimonio construido.
Five simultaneous peritoneal loose bodies: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Zhilong , Li Li , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: February 2025

We present the case of a patient with five peritoneal loose bodies (PLBs). The patient, admitted due to prostatic hyperplasia, had multiple movable masses in the abdomen detected during a routine physical examination. Ultrasound, CT, and MRI revealed several roundish masses in the abdominal and pelvic cavities, which were subsequently removed via laparotomy. PLBs are rare entities, often identified incidentally during surgery. Their formation is believed to result from necrosis and exfoliation of abdominal and pelvic tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case with such a high number of PLBs, contributing to an enhanced understanding of this uncommon condition.
The Influence of Forward Trunk Lean During Single-Limb Landing on Achilles Tendon Force in Physically Active Females
Authors: Atkins Lee T. , Yang Hyung Suk , Chiddarwar Vaishnavi , James C. Roger 
Published: February 2025

It is unknown if forward trunk lean during single-limb landing influences the Achilles tendon force (ATF). This study examined the effect of forward trunk lean during single-limb landing on the ATF in physically active females. Thirty physically active females (23.7 [3.6] y) performed 5 landing trials (0.25 m) using self-selected and forward trunk lean strategies. Dependent variables included peak ATF; average ATF development rate; and sagittal trunk, hip, knee, and ankle angles and moments at the time of peak ATF. The increased forward trunk lean (mean difference (MD) = 14.1°; 95% CI, 11.0 to 17.2; P < .001) caused a decrease in peak ATF (MD = −3.5 N/kg; 95% CI, −5.8 to −1.2; P = .004) and ankle plantar flexion moment (MD = −0.2 N·m/kg; 95% CI, −0.4 to −0.1; P = .002). In contrast, forward trunk lean resulted in greater hip (MD = 15.2°; 95% CI, 11.9 to 18.4; P < .001) and knee flexion (MD = 7.7°; 95% CI , 4.7 to 10.7; P < .001) angles, and hip extension moment (MD = 0.3 N·m/kg; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.5; P = .002). Forward trunk lean changes predicted peak ATF changes (r = .33, P = .04). Sagittal trunk posture influences the ATF in physically active females during single-limb landing and may effectively alter loading in patients recovering from Achilles tendinopathy.
Usefulness of a hub and spoke TDM-guided expert clinical pharmacological advice program of dalbavancin for optimizing very long-term curative or suppressive treatment of chronic staphylococcal infections
Authors: Cojutti Pier Giorgio , Gatti Milo , Tedeschi Sara , Zamparini Eleonora , Meschiari Marianna , Danzi Maria , Menegotto Giacomo , Cotrufo Marco , Soavi Laura , Chiari Erika , Ripa Marco , Mazzitelli Maria , Crapis Massimo , Cattelan Annamaria , Parruti Giustino , Russo Alessandro , Zammarchi Lorenzo , Tascini Carlo , Viale Pierluigi , Pea Federico 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

A hub and spoke model for optimizing long-term treatment of chronic staphylococcal infections with dalbavancin based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)-guided expert clinical pharmacological advice (ECPA) was implemented. This multicentric retrospective cohort study included patients receiving dalbavancin monotherapy lasting >6 weeks at different spoke hospitals having treatment optimized by means of a TDM-guided ECPA program at a hub hospital. Optimal pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target against staphylococci with an MIC up to 0.125 mg/L was defined as dalbavancin concentrations >8.04 mg/L. Patients received dalbavancin therapy for curative (curative group) or suppressive (suppressive group) purposes. Clinical outcome was assessed by means of repeated ambulatory visits. A total of 12 spoke hospitals applied for 414 TDM-based ECPA for 101 patients, of whom 64.4% (65/101) were treated for curative and 35.6% (36/101) were for suppressive purposes. In the curative and suppressive groups, TDM-based ECPA optimized treatment for up to 14 and 28 months, respectively, and ensured median optimal exposure of 95.7% and 100%, respectively. In the curative group, having <70% of treatment time with concentrations above the optimal target increased failure risk [odds ratio (OR), 6.71; confidence interval (CI), 0.97–43.3;
P
= 0.05]. In the suppressive group, infective endocarditis was associated with an increased risk of ineffective treatment (OR, 8.65; CI, 1.29–57.62;
P
= 0.046). Mild adverse events were reported in 4.5% (5/101) of cases. A hub and spoke TDM-guided ECPA program of dalbavancin may be cost-effective for optimizing long-term treatment of chronic staphylococcal infections and for patients admitted to hospitals lacking in-house MD clinical pharmacologists.
Using fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin to track lipopolysaccharide transport to the outer membrane in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Dubois Laurent , Vettiger Andrea , Buss Jackson A. , Bernhardt Thomas G. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria consists of two membranes sandwiching the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall. The outer membrane (OM) contains integrated beta-barrel proteins and has an outer leaflet composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is transported from the inner membrane where it is made to the OM surface by the Lpt system. In the polarly elongating alpha-proteobacterium
Brucella abortus
, LPS transport has been localized to the polar growth zone and division site. However, LPS transport has not been tracked in live proteobacteria like
Escherichia coli
that elongate by dispersed incorporation of envelope material along their cell body. Here, we report an investigation into the binding target of fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin (FL-WGA) on
E. coli
cells that led to the development of a method for visualizing LPS transport. We show that instead of PG or enterobacterial common antigen for which FL-WGA labeling has been used to detect in the past, this probe recognizes LPS modified with a terminal N-acetylglucosamine formed by the defective O-antigen synthesis pathway of laboratory strains of
E. coli
. This finding enabled the construction of mutants inducible for LPS modification that were used together with FL-WGA labeling to track LPS transport to the cell surface. We show that new LPS is inserted throughout the cell cylinder and at the division site, but not at the cell poles. A similar pattern was observed previously for PG synthesis and OM protein insertion in
E. coli
, suggesting that LPS transport to the OM is coordinated with these processes.

IMPORTANCE

Gram-negative bacteria like
Escherichia coli
are surrounded by a multilayered cell envelope that includes an outer membrane (OM) responsible for their high intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. The outer leaflet of this membrane is composed of a glycolipid called lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we report the development of an imaging method to track the transport of LPS to the
E. coli
outer membrane. The results indicate that transport occurs throughout the cell cylinder and at the division site, but not at the cell poles. A similar pattern was observed previously when cell wall synthesis and the insertion of proteins into the OM were tracked. Our results therefore suggest that LPS transport to the OM is coordinated with other essential processes that underly gram-negative cell envelope biogenesis.
Complete genome sequence of
Clostridium botulinum
type A strain (X58540) isolated from cattle feces
Authors: Kim Taeho , Lee Jin-Young , Gil Sukju , Gessler Frank , Shin Chang Hun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The full genome sequence of
Clostridium botulinum
type A strain X58540 found in fecal samples from cattle exhibiting clinical symptoms of chronic botulism is presented here. The genome of X58540 consists of 2,371,631 bp with a GC content of 28.17% and is predicted to include 2,157 coding sequences.
Complete genome sequencing and probiotic trait analysis of
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
LR110, a human stool isolate from the NORDBIOTIC collection
Authors: Szczepankowska A. , Cukrowska B. , Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk T. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

We present the complete genome of
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
strain LR110, a human stool isolate from the NORDBIOTIC strain collection. The genome consists of a 2,867,184-bp chromosome with 46.8% GC content. Genomic analysis revealed genes related to thiamine salvage, lactose metabolism, and putrescine biosynthesis, providing insight into the strain’s potential probiotic properties.
First-ever ASM Global Research Symposium on Microbes in Human Health in Tsinghua, Beijing, China
Authors: Luo Sai , Wang Ya-Ting 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The American Society for Microbiology Global Research Symposium on Microbes in Human Health, hosted in partnership with Tsinghua University, was held in Beijing, China, on 25 to 27 September 2024. The conference provided an international forum for microbiologists from different disciplines to present and discuss new findings. The meeting covered a wide range of topics, spanning across bacteria, virus, fungi, and hosts. This report summarizes the presentations and emerging themes.
CD86 immunohistochemical staining for the detection of
Talaromyces marneffei
in lesions
Authors: Fang Jinling , Chen Huiyuan , Hamal Krishna , Liu Donghua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Talaromycosis is an invasive fungal disease caused by the pathogenic thermodimorphic fungus
Talaromyces marneffei
(TM), which is often overlooked in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. In view of the diversity of clinical manifestations in patients with TM infection, early diagnosis remains challenging. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of a novel immunohistochemical staining by performing CD86 immunohistochemical staining on 56 tissue sections from patients with talaromycosis who had fungal culture or metagenomic next-generation sequencing confirmed to exist in clinical specimens, as well as 26 patients with other fungi that had been culture-proven. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains were also applied to each specimen. We found that anti-CD86 antibody can label TM pathogens in 38 HIV-negative specimens (38/42) and 14 HIV-positive specimens (14/14); conversely, PAS staining yielded positive results in seven cases of HIV-negative specimens (7/42) and 13 cases of HIV-positive specimens (13/14). Additionally, CD86 immunohistochemical staining was negative in other fungi. Importantly, CD86 immunohistochemical staining significantly outperformed PAS staining in terms of localizing and highlighting TM yeasts, as well as demonstrating the specificity of 100% and a significantly higher sensitivity compared to PAS staining at 92.9% versus 35.7% (
P
< 0.05, McNemar test). Our findings suggest that CD86 immunohistochemical staining has the potential for the rapid diagnosis of talaromycosis.

IMPORTANCE

Talaromycosis is an opportunistic endemic disease without typical clinical manifestations that has emerged as a fungal disease impacting the survival and mortality of immunocompromised individuals and HIV-positive individuals in endemic regions. Nonetheless, talaromycosis is completely curable if it is accurately diagnosed and treated effectively at an early stage. Rapid pathological diagnosis relies on the unique morphological features of
Talaromyces marneffei
observed under the microscope. This study introduces a novel pathological diagnostic approach, CD86 immunohistochemical staining, to enhance the early detection of TM-infected lesions.