bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of small gravity drip irrigation for smallholder farming in water scarce region of Indonesia
Authors: Saefuddin R , Sirajuddin Z 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Many regions in Indonesia are suffering from a water crisis due to limited annual precipitation, especially in dry regions, which affects agricultural production. Climate change is becoming more severe, threatening global food and water security. Thus, the development of affordable irrigation for smallholder farms is crucial to increasing agricultural production. The study aims to provide a better design and management of a small gravity drip irrigation system for melon cultivation. Field experiments were conducted on a farmer’s field located in Sinjai Regency to analyze the performance of the small gravity drip irrigation system on melon cultivation. The technical design was determined by analyzing the water application uniformity and irrigation water productivity. The parameters of crop growth under small gravity drip irrigation were monitored during crop development stages, and the irrigation water productivity was calculated after the crop was harvested. As a result, the small gravity drip system performed well in crop performance, and the irrigation water productivity was 1.55 kg/m3. It can be concluded that a small gravity drip irrigation system is an effective strategy for irrigating melon cultivation on smallholder farms, minimizing water loss, and improving crop water productivity.
The feasibility study: Accuracy and precision of DHT 22 in measuring the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse
Authors: Wardani I K , Ichniarsyah A N , Telaumbanua M , Priyonggo B , Fil’aini R , Mufidah Z , Dewangga D A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The greenhouse is a technology to overcome weather uncertainty as an impact of climate change. It can manage and control the temperature and humidity adjusted to the plant’s needs. Therefore, it requires accurate input of climate data from the monitoring system. The study aims to design an affordable and feasible monitoring system using three DHT22 sensors installed in a greenhouse. In particular, the data is appeared on Liquid Cyrstal Display (LCD) and is transmitted to the Ubidots platform using ESP32. The accuracy level is quantified by the difference values between DHT22 and the thermos-hygrometer, while the precision level is calculated using the correlation analysis of each sensor. As a result, the accuracy of DHT22 in measuring the temperature and humidity is high, with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.48°C and 3.18%, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation values are 0.81 and 0.85. In conclusion, the research successfully produces an appropriate real-time system to monitor temperature and humidity.
The effect of stabilizer and flavors variations on acceptance of food supplement in the form of snakehead fish (Channa striata) protein concentrate dispersion
Authors: Prasetyo K S , Tawali A B , Dirpan A , Nurhisna N I 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This research paper is aimed to determine the best type of stabilizer in the manufacture of snakehead fish PCD products, to determine the level of panelists’ preference for flavor variations based on organoleptic testing, and to determine the physicochemical properties of the final products. This research consists of three stages, to determine the type of stabilizer with variations in the concentration of the type of stabilizer in the form of xanthan gum and CMC by analyzing the phase separation ratio and redispersibility products after storage on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The second stage was to determine the best formulation using the line scale hedonic organoleptic test for the mother panelists and the facial hedonic scale for the children panelist. The third stage was to characterize the optimal formulation by analyzing the physicochemical properties of the end product. The result of determining the best type of stabilizer based on the addition of variations of xanthan gum and CMC as a stabilizer showed that the use of xanthan gum obtained better product stability than CMC. The best snakehead fish PCD product is obtained by adding xanthan gum 0.3%. The best formula is based on the preferences of mother panelists and children acquired from dispersion products of snakehead fish protein concentrate with the addition of strawberry flavor.
The effect of aloe vera edible coating with carrageenan and glycerol on red chili (Capsicum annum L.) quality during storage
Authors: Feriani  , Hutabarat O S , Salengke  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is one of horticultural commodities that rapidly damage due to has high water content, which is around 80-90%. High respiration rate can cause deterioration quickly and shorten shelf life at room temperature stored. In order to prolong shelf life of red chili pepper, aloe vera alone, aloe vera mixed with carrageenan and glycerol can be applied as edible coating. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of aloe vera coating, aloe vera mixed with carrageenan and glycerol on red chili pepper. Four treatments with three times repetitions were used and analyzed their effect on weight, total soluble solid, hardness and color changes on red chili pepper. The treatments were aloe vera coating alone, aloe vera mixed with 2% of carrageenan mingled with the different concentration of glycerol, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, respectively. Red chilli pepper without any coating were considered as control. All the treated and control red chilli pepper were stored for 15 days at law (10°C) and room temperature (30°C). The data obtained were calculated statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that edible coating with carrageenan and glycerol stored at low and room temperature had a significant effect reduced in weight loss and coating weight loss of red chili pepper. However, soluble solids concentration, color, were not significantly affected by aloe vera coating with carrageenan and glycerol. The highest quality of red chilli pepper is detected with aloe vera coating mixed with carrageenan and glycerol with 2% and 0.5% concentrations, respectively.
The effect of sago starch-based edible coating on the quality of red bell peppers (Capsicum Annuum L.) during storage
Authors: Yumeina D , Faridah S N , Angraini A S A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Red bell pepper is categorized as a perishable horticultural commodity with a short shelf life. Damage in red bell peppers is generally characterized by changes in the texture of fruits, wrinkled and other damage due to improper storage. Proper postharvest handling must be done to maintain product quality and prevent spoilage. Efforts are being made to keep red bell peppers fresh and shelf life by applying an edible coating. This study aimed to determine the effect of the concentration of sago starch as the ingredient for edible coatings with the addition of glycerol to maintain the quality of red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) during storage at cold temperatures of ±10 °C and room temperature of ±27 °C. The edible coating based on the sago starch application method used is the dipping method with different concentrations (control, 100 g sago starch, and 200 g sago starch) stored at a cold temperature of ±10 °C and a temperature of room ±27 °C. Data analysis was carried out by measuring several parameters, weight loss, color, hardness, and total dissolved solids. The study of variance (ANOVA) showed that applying edible coating based on sago starch to red peppers could significantly affect weight loss and the level of fruit hardness but had no significant effect on changes and total dissolved solids contained in red peppers. Overall result treatment, the best treatment for maintaining the quality of red peppers during storage was edible coating based on sago starch with a concentration of 200 g and adding 10% glycerol with cold storage at ±10 °C (A3B1).
Active packaging from natural ingredients applied to meat: A review
Authors: Iqbal M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Meat is a highly perishable food that requires proper preparation and treatment in order to extend its longevity. Active packaging is an innovation that continues to be developed for the food industry. Active packaging is a modern technology that aims to extend the shelf life, and maintain or improve the condition of packaged food for the better, by incorporating active ingredients into the packaging that are capable of releasing or absorbing substances from or into the packaged food or the environment. The use of chemicals in meat preservation and packaging gives a sense of worry to consumers. Researchers are looking for alternatives to chemicals, namely from natural ingredients used in the active packaging of meat. The use of natural herbal ingredients combined with various preservatives aims to increase efficiency and minimize the effects on the organoleptic quality of meat. Testing various extracts of natural ingredients into active packaging applied to meat showed good results. The results showed that various natural extracts contain compounds that have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and lipid-activating properties. Natural ingredients such as citrus extracts, propolis extracts, and essential oils of zataria multiflora (zeo), mustard seeds, the green, rambutan, garlic, and Origanum vulgare flowers have antioxidant compounds, and antimicrobial compounds and are able to reduce lipid oxidation activity of meat, and the results of research using mustard seed extracts, the green, garlic, Origanum vulgare flowers able to increase the shelf life of meat.
The pattern of production and marketing of horticultural commodities at the country border in Bengkayang regency; before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kifli G C , Permana D , Slameto S , Dewi D O , Santari P T , Soetiarso T A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affects various aspects of life, including farming activity by farmers in country border areas. The objective of this research is to analyze the condition of the production and marketing pattern of horticulture commodities in the border areas of the Bengkayang Regency before and during the pandemic. The research methods used mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative. The result of the research with statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon test showed that the significance value is 0.002 and which means there is a difference in the amount of vegetable production before the pandemic compared to the pandemic occurred. There is a decrease in the average percentage of vegetable production as much as 11.89 % between before and during the pandemic. On the other hand, the result of statistical analysis for fruit production shows the significance value is 0.778, which means it is no different from the amount of fruit production before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the border area of Bengkayang Regency. Horticultural farmers sell and market their harvests in their entirety in fresh form. This research implies that efforts need to increase the added value of these horticultural commodities with preservation and packaging.
Increasing the rice planting index through superior varieties of early maturity rice on the irrigated land In Jambi Province
Authors: Bobihoe J , Jumakir  , Meilin A , Endrizal  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The increase in the rice planting index aims to optimize time and space, so that the planting index can be maximized. This activity was carried out in Rawa Medang Village, Batang Asam District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province. The methodology of its activities is to replace the existing ripe variety with early-maturing rice varieties with planting patterns in the growing season: (Planting Season (PS) I: November - March) Inpari 30 variety, (PS II: March - July) Inpari 13 variety, and (PS III: July -November) Inpari 33 variety. This activity was carried out in the 2019/2020 planting season with an Integrated Crop Management approach on irrigated land. Inpari 30 rice production was obtained in the first growing season (6.1 tons/ha), with a harvest life of 111 days. In the second growing season, Inpari 13 variety (5.9 tons/ha) is harvested at 99 days. In the third growing season, Inpari 33 variety produces a yield (5.7 tons/ha) with a harvest life of 107 days. The total production per hectare per year using the Inpari 30, Inpari 13 and Inpari 33 varieties amounted to 17.7 tons. By using high-yielding varieties, it has the opportunity to increase the cropping index and productivity to close to 20 tons /ha/year.
Sugarcane growth variation based on rainfall and soil permeability in Takalar, Indonesia
Authors: Safitri W , Ala A , Gusli S , Iqbal  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The germination and sprouting phases of sugar cane are critical periods that determine productivity. This phase occurs when the sugar cane is 1-3 months old and requires an adequate supply of water to support the formation of shoots. Poor soil conditions and high rainfall can cause the failure of bud formation. This study aims to determine the relationship between rainfall and soil permeability in successfully constructing sugarcane shoots. We divided the 1 ha research area into nine points (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I) to observe plant growth and soil permeability. The growth factors measured included the number of stems, diameter, and plant height, measured by zigzag. Intact soil samples at a 0-15 cm depth were then analyzed in the laboratory using Darcy’s law to determine the value of soil permeability. The results showed variations in sugarcane growth in the nine study plots. The average number of sugarcane stalks is eight stalks/meter with a height of 159 cm and a diameter of 3 cm. The low soil permeability value of 0.13-0.5 cm/hour cannot compensate for the average rainfall during the budding phase, thereby suppressing plant growth by up to 50% of the average productivity that should be.
Evaluation of the application of rice husk biochar and various types of microbes on physiological and characteristics of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Wijaya P , Syam’un E , Syaiful S A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Shallot is a popular and widely developed horticultural crop in Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the application of rice husk biochar and various types of microbes on the physiological and bulbs characteristics of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.). The research design used a split plot design. The main plot was rice husk biochar with three levels, namely control 0 t ha−1, 2 t ha−1, and 4 t ha−1. As subplots, there were three types of microbes namely without microbes/control, Trichoderma asperellum, Beauveria bassiana, and Metarhizium anisopliae. The results optained that there was an interaction between the of rice husk biochar 4 t ha−1 with the Trichoderma asperellum which gave the best results for the chlorophyll index (19.70). The application of various types of microbes namely in the of Trichoderma asperellum gave the best results on bulb height (2.75 cm) and the number of bulbs per plant (1.61).
The growth character of sago palm based on differences in time of trunk formation
Authors: Sari D R , Sanjaya M F , Arham I , Osozawa K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to (1) characterized sago palms with different trunk formation times; (2) studied the growth characteristics related to the diameter of the sago trunk. This research was conducted at the Sago Cultivation Experimental Site located in Pengkajoang Village, West Malangke District, North LuwuRegency.Thegrowth characters studied were number of leaves, trunk diameter, leaf length,petiole length, tree height,rachis length, number of suckers, length of the most extended leaflets, number of leaflets and the width of broadest leaflets. A paired T-Test was used to analyze the average of three variables between sago-forming trunks at 3 years, 3.5 years, and 4 years after transplanting. In addition to correlation analysis, variables were compared based on their relationships.The sago palm that formed the trunk at 3 years after transplanting had the highest number of leaves (20 strands), 3.5 years (17 strands), and 4 years (16 strands). Conversely, sago palms that form trunks 4 years after transplanting have the widest leaflets(7.44 cm), 3.5 years (6.04 cm) and 3 years (6.52 cm). Based on correlation analysis and path analysis, it is known that the number of leaves, tree height and rachis length are characteristics of sago palm growth which have a significant effect on the formation of trunk diameter.
Growth and production of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the lowland on various types of mulch
Authors: Rafiuddin  , Ridwan Ifayanti , Syam Amir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of mulch treatment on the growth and production of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the lowlands. The research was conducted in Lempong Village, Bola District, Wajo Regency located 78 m above sea level (asl) with an average temperature of 24ºC - 33ºC. This research was set using a Split Plot Design (SPD) with garlic varieties set as the main plots consisting of highland (var. Lumbu Hijau) and lowland varieties (var. Lumbu Putih) while mulch types were set as subplots consisting of control (no mulch), black silver plastic mulch, rice straw mulch, Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) leaves mulch, and banana leaves mixed with stem mulch. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times. The results show that the Lumbu Putih variety had better growth and production than the Lumbu Hijau on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, and number cloves per tuber. Straw mulch showed the best effect in suppressing soil temperature (28.5ºC). Banana leaves and stem mulch was the best type of mulch compared to control and other mulches on parameters of plant height, number of leaves, and number of cloves per tuber. The interaction between the Lumbu Putih variety and banana leaf and stem mulch produced the highest production per hectare (1.6 ton ha−1).
Comparison of financial feasibility between hybrid maize farming for seed production and feed production in Bone District, South Sulawesi
Authors: Khairati S , Jusni  , BDR M Farid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Maize is one of the most important food commodities after rice in Indonesia. The maize productivity improvement program is expected not only to be able to increase production but also to increase farmers’ income so that the self-sufficiency that you want to achieve can be realized. This study aims to compare the financial feasibility of hybrid maize farming for seed production and hybrid maize farming for feed production. This research is comparative research, with a total sample of 100 farmers selected by purposive sampling. Research data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The method used to calculate feasibility uses the R/C ratio and B/C ratio, as well as the average test (t-test) of the difference in feasibility for the two farms. The results showed that the feasibility value of hybrid maize farming for seed and feed production respectively gave an R/C ratio of 2.0 and 2.3; and a B/C ratio of 1 and 1.3. There is a difference in feasibility between hybrid maize farming for seed production and feed production with the average different test results, where the value of tcount > ttable. The different test values (t-test) for the R/C ratio is 3.928 while for the B/C ratio is 2.387. Based on the calculation of financial feasibility, hybrid maize farming for feed production is more feasible (profitable) to be cultivated compared to hybrid maize farming for seed production. From this research, it is hoped that it will provide information to farmers in choosing which farming business to cultivate.
Simulation of flow past a squirmer confined in a channel at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Li Siwen , Ying Yuxiang , Nie Deming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The two-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method was employed to numerically investigate the flow around a circular squirmer in a channel at low Reynolds numbers. The study thoroughly examined the impact of various factors on flow structures and drag coefficients (C
d) of the squirmer, such as the Reynolds number (Re), self-propelled strength (α), squirmer-type factor (β), blockage ratio (B), and orientation angle (θ). Notably, despite the low Reynolds numbers, a change in the orientation angle θ resulted in a lift in the squirmer, consequently affecting its lift coefficient (C
l). The simulation findings underscored that a pair of up-down backflow regions are generated on the squirmer’s surface. Interestingly, the locations of these backflow regions varied significantly between the pusher type (β< 0), the neutral squirmer (β= 0), and the puller type (β> 0). These variations were closely tied to the pressure and velocity distributions on the surfaces of the respective squirmers. Furthermore, an increase in α might induce the formation of a new pair of backflow regions near the channel walls and subsequently elevate the C

d
. On the other hand, alterations in Re did not affect the flow structures but created a negative correlation with C
d. Overall, the study unveiled unique dynamic characteristics, offering a contrast to the extensively investigated case of flow past a cylinder.
Cryogenic ion trap system for high-fidelity near-field microwave-driven quantum logic
Authors: Weber M A , Löschnauer C , Wolf J , Gely M F , Hanley R K , Goodwin J F , Ballance C J , Harty T P , Lucas D M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a cryogenic ion trap system for the implementation of quantum logic driven by near-field microwaves. The trap incorporates an on-chip microwave resonator with an electrode geometry designed to null the microwave field component that couples directly to the qubit, while giving a large field gradient for driving entangling logic gates. We map the microwave field using a single 43Ca+ ion, and measure the ion trapping lifetime and motional mode heating rates for one and two ions.
Quantum kernel evaluation via Hong–Ou–Mandel interference
Authors: Bowie C , Shrapnel S , Kewming M J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
One of the fastest growing areas of interest in quantum computing is its use within machine learning methods, in particular through the application of quantum kernels. Despite this large interest, there exist very few proposals for relevant physical platforms to evaluate quantum kernels. In this article, we propose and simulate a protocol capable of evaluating quantum kernels using Hong–Ou–Mandel interference, an experimental technique that is widely accessible to optics researchers. Our proposal utilises the orthogonal temporal modes of a single photon, allowing one to encode multi-dimensional feature vectors. As a result, interfering two photons and using the detected coincidence counts, we can perform a direct measurement and binary classification. This physical platform confers an exponential quantum advantage also described theoretically in other works. We present a complete description of this method and perform a numerical experiment to demonstrate a sample application for binary classification of classical data.