bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculating dose‐averaged linear energy transfer in an analytical treatment planning system for carbon‐ion radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Li Ping , Shahnazi Kambiz , Wu Xiaodong , Zhao Jingfang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundCompelling evidence shows the association between the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of carbon‐ion radiotherapy (CIRT) and the dose averaged linear energy transfer (LETd). However, the ability to calculate the LETd in commercially available treatment planning systems (TPS) is lacking.PurposeThis study aims to develop a method of calculating the LETd of CIRT plans that could be robustly carried out in RayStation (V10B, Raysearch, Sweden).MethodsThe calculation used the fragment spectra in RayStation for the CIRT treatment planning. The dose‐weighted averaging procedure was supported by the microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM). The MKM‐based pencil beam dose engine (PBA, v4.2) for calculating RBE‐weighted doses was reformulated to become a LET‐weighted calculating engine. A separate module was then configured to inversely calculate the LETd from the absorbed dose of a plan and the associated fragment spectra. In this study, the ion and energy‐specific LET table in the LETd module was further matched with the values decoded from the baseline data of the Syngo TPS (V13C, Siemens, Germany). The LETd distributions of several monoenergetic and modulated beams were calculated and validated against the values derived from the Syngo TPS and the published data.ResultsThe differences in LETds of the monoenergetic beams between the new method and the traditional method were within 3% in the entrance and Bragg‐peak regions. However, a larger difference was observed in the distal region. The results of the modulated beams were in good agreement with the works from the published literature.ConclusionsThe method presented herein reformulates the MKM dose engine in the RayStation TPS to inversely calculate LETds. The robustness and accuracy were demonstrated.
Feature selection methods and predictive models in CT lung cancer radiomics
Authors: Ge Gary , Zhang Jie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRadiomics is a technique that extracts quantitative features from medical images using data‐characterization algorithms. Radiomic features can be used to identify tissue characteristics and radiologic phenotyping that is not observable by clinicians. A typical workflow for a radiomics study includes cohort selection, radiomic feature extraction, feature and predictive model selection, and model training and validation. While there has been increasing attention given to radiomic feature extraction, standardization, and reproducibility, currently, there is a lack of rigorous evaluation of feature selection methods and predictive models. Herein, we review the published radiomics investigations in CT lung cancer and provide an overview of the commonly used radiomic feature selection methods and predictive models. We also compare limitations of various methods in clinical applications and present sources of uncertainty associated with those methods. This review is expected to help raise awareness of the impact of radiomic feature and model selection methods on the integrity of radiomics studies.
Efficacy and Safety of the Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Evobrutinib in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results of a Phase II, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Dose‐Ranging Trial
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. , Dörner Thomas , Pisetsky David S. , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Patel Anand C. , Parsons‐Rich Dana , Le Bolay Claire , Drouin Elise E. , Kao Amy H. , Guehring Hans , Dall'Era Maria 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveEvobrutinib is a highly selective, orally administered Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. The objective of this phase II, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of evobrutinib in patients with active autoantibody‐positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsPatients were diagnosed with SLE by either the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria or at least four American College of Rheumatology criteria 6 months or more prior to screening, had an SLE Disease Activity Index‐2000 score of 6 or more, were autoantibody‐positive and on standard‐of‐care therapy. Randomization was 1:1:1:1 to oral evobrutinib 25 mg once daily (QD), 75 mg QD, 50 mg twice daily, or placebo. Primary efficacy endpoints were SLE responder index (SRI)‐4 response at week 52 and SRI‐6 response at week 52 in the high disease activity subpopulation. Safety endpoints included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsA total of 469 patients were randomized and received at least one dose of evobrutinib or placebo at the time of primary analysis. Mean (SD) age at baseline was 40.7 (±12.3) years; 94.9% of patients were female. Neither primary efficacy endpoint was met. All doses of evobrutinib were well tolerated, and there was no clear dose effect on the incidence of reported TEAEs, or serious TEAEs, including severe infections.ConclusionThis phase II, dose‐ranging trial in SLE failed to show a treatment effect of evobrutinib versus placebo at any dose. Evobrutinib was generally well tolerated, with no dose effect observed for TEAEs. These results suggest that BTK inhibition does not appear to be an effective therapeutic intervention for patients with SLE.
3D Acoustofluidics via Sub‐Wavelength Micro‐Resonators
Authors: Harley William Sean , Kolesnik Kirill , Xu Mingxin , Heath Daniel Edward , Collins David John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrecise acoustic micromanipulation is emerging as an important tool in biomedical research, where acoustic forces have the advantage of being contact‐free, label‐free, and biocompatible. Conventional acoustofluidic approaches, however, produce device‐scale effects that limit the ability to locally target acoustic energies at the microscale. In this study, we demonstrate an approach to generate designed and highly local acoustic fields using 3D resonant mass‐spring microstructures, achieving local acoustic field gradients on the order of microns, orders of magnitude smaller than the fluid wavelength. In doing so, rapid and spatially defined controllable micromanipulation, including particle capture, transport, and patterning using arbitrarily arranged micro‐resonator arrays is demonstrated. This sub‐wavelength, 3D acoustofluidic approach results in highly localized and defined micromanipulation, with potential applications across sample preparation, cell analysis, and diagnostics.
2D MXenes for Fire Retardancy and Fire‐Warning Applications: Promises and Prospects
Authors: Liu Lei , Feng Jiabing , Xue Yijiao , Chevali Venkata , Zhang Yubai , Shi Yongqian , Tang Long‐Cheng , Song Pingan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFrequent fire disasters have caused massive impacts to the environment, human beings, and the economy. MXene has recently been intensively researched as potential flame retardants to provide passive fire protection for other materials via its physical barrier and catalyzing carbonization effects. In parallel, MXene has also demonstrated a great promise for creating early fire warning sensors, which is an emerging field that has the potential to provide active fire response through its thermoelectric effect. This makes it possible to integrate passive fire retardancy and active fire warning into one MXene‐based fire protection system on demand. However, fulfilling these promises needs more research. Herein, an overview of passive flame‐retardant materials and next‐generation smart fire warning materials/sensors based on MXene and its derivatives is provided. This study reviews their conceptual design, characterization, modification principles, performances, applications, and mechanisms. A discussion of the challenges that need to be solved for their future practical applications and opportunities is also presented.
Room‐Temperature Gate‐Tunable Nonreciprocal Charge Transport in Lattice‐Matched InSb/CdTe Heterostructures
Authors: Li Lun , Wu Yuyang , Liu Xiaoyang , Liu Jiuming , Ruan Hanzhi , Zhi Zhenghang , Zhang Yong , Huang Puyang , Ji Yuchen , Tang Chenjia , Yang Yumeng , Che Renchao , Kou Xufeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSymmetry manipulation can be used to effectively tailor the physical order in solid‐state systems. With the breaking of both the inversion and time‐reversal symmetries, nonreciprocal magneto‐transport may arise in nonmagnetic systems to enrich spin–orbit effects. Here, the observation of unidirectional magnetoresistance (UMR) in lattice‐matched InSb/CdTe films is investigated up to room temperature. Benefiting from the strong built‐in electric field of 0.13 V nm−1 in the heterojunction region, the resulting Rashba‐type spin–orbit coupling and quantum confinement result in a distinct sinusoidal UMR signal with a nonreciprocal coefficient that is 1–2 orders of magnitude larger than most non‐centrosymmetric materials at 298 K. Moreover, this heterostructure configuration enables highly efficient gate tuning of the rectification response, wherein the UMR amplitude is enhanced by 40%. The results of this study advocate the use of narrow‐bandgap semiconductor‐based hybrid systems with robust spin textures as suitable platforms for the pursuit of controllable chiral spin–orbit applications.
X‐ray‐Guided In Situ Genetic Engineering of Macrophages for Sustained Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Caiyan , Cheng Yaya , Huang Pei , Wang Changrong , Wang Weipeng , Wang Mengjiao , Shan Wenbo , Deng Hongzhang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEffective repolarization of macrophages has emerged as a promising approach for anticancer therapy. However, there are very few studies on the effect of reprogramming macrophages from M2 phenotype to M1 phenotype without reconversion while maintaining an activated M1 phenotype. Moreover, these immunomodulatory methods have serious drawbacks due to the activation of normal monocytic cells. Therefore, it remains a challenge to selectively reprogram tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) without systemic toxicities. Here, X‐ray‐guided and triggered remote control of a CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system (X‐CC9) that exclusively activates therapeutic agents at tumor sites is established. Under X‐ray irradiation, X‐CC9 selectively enhances M2‐to‐M1 repolarization within the tumor microenvironment, and significantly improves antitumor efficacy with robust immune responses in two animal models. This strategy provides an ideal method for improving the safety of macrophage polarization and may constitute a promising immunotherapy strategy.
Highly Stretchable and Biocompatible Wrinkled Nanoclay‐Composite Hydrogel With Enhanced Sensing Capability for Precise Detection of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhang Jie , Shen Si , Lin Rurong , Huang Jianxing , Pu Chunyi , Chen Pinger , Duan Qixiang , You Xintong , Xu Chengzhong , Yan Bing , Gao Xinrui , Shen Ziqi , Cai Liu , Qiu Xiaozhong , Hou Honghao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is challenging to balance high biocompability with good mechanical–electrical sensing performance, especially when triggering inflammatory stress response after in vivo implantation. Herein, a bioinspired wrinkle‐reinforced adaptive nanoclay‐interlocked soft strain‐sensor based on a highly stretchable and elastic ionic‐conductive hydrogel is reported. This novel nanoclay‐composite hydrogel exhibits excellent tensile properties and high sensing capacity with steady and reliable sensing performance due to the structural–mechanical–electrical integrity of the nanoclay crosslinked and nano‐reinforced interpenetrating network. The incorporation of amphiphilic ions provides the hydrogel with significant protein resistance, reducing its non‐specific adsorption to proteins upon implantation, improving its biosafety as an implanted device, and maintaining the authenticity of the sensing results. Based on the revealed sensing enhanced mechanism based on hierarchical ordered structures as a proof‐of‐concept application, this hydrogel sensor is demonstrated to be able to accurately localize the region where myocardial infarction occurs and may become a novel strategy for real‐time monitoring of pathological changes in heart disease.
A Novel “Inside‐Out” Intraocular Nanomedicine Delivery Mode for Nanomaterials’ Biological Effect Enhanced Choroidal Neovascularization Occlusion and Microenvironment Regulation
Authors: Jin Yingying , Guo Yishun , Yang Jianhua , Chu Xiaoying , Huang Xiaomin , Wang Qingying , Zeng Yanlin , Su Lili , Lu Si , Wang Chenyang , Yang Jie , Qu Jia , Yang Yingwei , Wang Bailiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is commonly used in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) treatment due to the superior light transmittance of the eye. However, PDT often leads to surrounding tissue damage and further microenvironmental deterioration, including exacerbated hypoxia, inflammation, and secondary neovascularization. In this work, Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and Au NPs decorated zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 nanoplatform is developed to load indocyanine green for precise PDT and microenvironment amelioration, which can penetrate the internal limiting membrane through Müller cells endocytosis and target to CNV by surface‐grafted cyclo(Arg–Gly–Asp–d‐Phe–Lys) after intravitreal injection. The excessive H2O2 in the CNV microenvironment is catalyzed by catalase‐like Pt NPs for hypoxia relief and enhanced PDT occlusion of neovascular. Meanwhile, Au NPs show significant anti‐inflammatory and anti‐angiogenesis properties in regulating macrophages and blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Compared with verteporfin treatment, the mRNA expressions of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and VEGF in the nanoplatform group are downregulated by 90.2% and 81.7%, respectively. Therefore, the nanoplatform realizes a comprehensive CNV treatment effect based on the high drug loading capacity and biosafety. The CNV treatment mode developed in this work provides a valuable reference for treating other diseases with similar physiological barriers that limit drug delivery and similar microenvironment.
Symmetry‐Guaranteed High Carrier Mobility in Quasi‐2D Thermoelectric Semiconductors
Authors: Zheng Sikang , Xiao Shijuan , Peng Kunling , Pan Yu , Yang Xiaolong , Lu Xu , Han Guang , Zhang Bin , Zhou Zizhen , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuasi‐2D semiconductors have garnered immense research interest for next‐generation electronics and thermoelectrics due to their unique structural, mechanical, and transport properties. However, most quasi‐2D semiconductors experimentally synthesized so far have relatively low carrier mobility, preventing the achievement of exceptional power output. To break through this obstacle, a route is proposed based on the crystal symmetry arguments to facilitate the charge transport of quasi‐2D semiconductors, in which the horizontal mirror symmetry is found to vanish the electron–phonon coupling strength mediated by phonons with purely out‐of‐plane vibrational vectors. This is demonstrated in ZrBeSi‐type quasi‐2D systems, where the representative sample Ba1.01AgSb shows a high room‐temperature hole mobility of 344 cm2 V−1 S−1, a record value among quasi‐2D polycrystalline thermoelectrics. Accompanied by intrinsically low thermal conductivity, an excellent p‐type zT of ≈1.3 is reached at 1012 K, which is the highest value in ZrBeSi‐type compounds. This work uncovers the relation between electron–phonon coupling and crystal symmetry in quasi‐2D systems, which broadens the horizon to develop high mobility semiconductors for electronic and energy conversion applications.
Selective Topography Directed Cell Adhesion on Spider Silk Surfaces
Authors: Lentz Sarah , Trossmann Vanessa Tanja , Scheibel Thomas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFor tissue engineering applications, guided cell interaction with a biomaterial surface is one essential feature since, in natural tissue, cells constantly interact with their extracellular matrix, which provides different topographical, mechanical and biochemical stimuli. Therefore, the introduction of topographical surface features is one promising approach to direct material‐cell interactions. In this study, maskless lithography and soft lithographic methods are used to produce recombinant spider silk films with size gradient patterns, including grooves, circles, squares, triangles, and stars, to enhance specific cell attachment. The influence of surface features on cell behavior is analyzed using eight different cell lines. It can be shown that surface indentations provide cellular attachment sites and guiding structures for restructuring, aligning, and adopting cell morphology, with a relation of cell to feature size for some of the cell lines investigated. Therefore, specific topographical surface modifications can be used to guide selective cell adhesion, allowing the generation of tissue‐specifically modified implant surfaces in the future.
Combinatorial Vacuum‐Deposition of Wide Bandgap Perovskite Films and Solar Cells
Authors: Susic Isidora , Kama Adi , Gil‐Escrig Lidón , Dreessen Chris , Palazon Francisco , Cahen David , Sessolo Michele , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of vacuum‐deposited perovskite materials and devices is partially slowed down by the minor research effort in this direction, due to the high cost of the required research tools. But there is also another factor, thermal co‐deposition in high vacuum involves the simultaneous sublimation of several precursors with an overall deposition rate in the range of few Å s−1. This leads to a deposition time of hours with only a single set of process parameters per batch, hence to a long timeframe to optimize even a single perovskite composition. Here we report the combinatorial vacuum deposition of wide bandgap perovskites using 4 sources and a non‐rotating sample holder. By using small pixel substrates, more than 100 solar cells can be produced with different perovskite absorbers in a single deposition run. The materials are characterized by spatially resolved methods, including optical, morphological, and structural techniques. By fine‐tuning of the deposition rates, the gradient can be altered and the best‐performing formulations in standard depositions with rotation can be reproduced. This is viewed as an approach that can serve as a basis to prototype other compositions, overcoming the current limitations of vacuum deposition as a research tool for perovskite films.
Low Operation Voltage White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Excellent Color Stability based on Gradient‐Doping Sensitization System
Authors: Li Shuaibing , Sun Weidong , Li Xiaofang , Xia Xiaoyang , Zhou Liang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith tremendous progresses in material synthesis and device engineering, white organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have achieved continuous breakthroughs in brightness and efficiencies. Regrettably, as another important index, color stability is still a thorny problem restricting the industrial development of white OLEDs. Herein, a gradient‐doping sensitization system is constructed to realize low operation voltage white OLEDs with excellent color stability by gradient doping europium complex into light‐emitting layer (EML) as sensitizer. The gradient‐doping sensitization system realizes the precise regulation of carriers’ distribution and the reasonable assignment of recombination zone in different EMLs, thus leading to low turn‐on voltage of 2.3 V and negligible chromaticity coordinates variation of (0.005, 0.002) over wide brightness range of 1000–20 000 cd m−2. Meanwhile, the obtained white OLED realizes the maximum brightness of 67 384 cd m−2, current efficiency (ηc) of 65.27 cd A−1, power efficiency (ηp) of 73.24 lm W−1, and external quantum efficiency of 29.93%. The gradient‐doping sensitization system provides an efficient and reliable strategy for designing white OLEDs with improved color stability and reduced power consumption.
Light‐Promoted Chlorine‐Radical‐Mediated Oxidation of Benzylic C(sp3)−H Bonds utilizing Air as Oxidant
Authors: Xu Ning , Peng Xiaoqing , Luo Can , Huang Lei , Wang Chaodong , Chen Zhi , Li Jianjun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA photocatalyzed metal‐free method for benzylic C(sp3)−H bond oxidation has been developed. Achieved under the mild conditions, a variety of methylarenes and benzyl derivatives could be converted into corresponding carboxylic acids and ketones, and isolated yields of 31–98% are obtained. The mechanistic investigations showed that chlorine radical could be generated via the direct single electron transfer (SET) between chloride anion and excited heteroarene under light irradiation, which could be used as hydrogen atom transfer agent to facilitate benzylic C(sp3)−H bond oxygenation. The merits of this catalytic system could be further demonstrated by the degradation of plastic to form benzoic acids.magnified image
Boosting Hydrogen Evolution from Ammonia–Borane Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Poly(N‐Vinyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone)‐Stabilized Ruthenium‐Based Nanoclusters Catalysts
Authors: Wei Qiuhong , Liu Jiaxi , Qiu Shujun , Xia Yongpeng , Zou Yongjin , Xu Fen , Wen Xin , Huang Pengru , Sun Lixian , Chu Hailiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe exploitation of economical and high‐efficient heterogeneous catalysts plays a vital role in ammonia‐borane (NH3BH3, AB) hydrolysis for hydrogen evolution. Herein, poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) stabilized highly dispersed Ru–Ni nanoclusters immobilized on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are successfully synthesized via in situ chemical reduction. The optimized Ru1Ni1@PVP/rGO‐1 catalyst exhibits a superior catalytic performance toward hydrolytic dehydrogenation of AB for hydrogen evolution, with a low activation energy (Ea) of 21.1 kJ mol−1 and a high turnover frequency (TOF) value of 425.1 molH2 molRu−1 min−1at 298 K. Moreover, an outstanding recyclability with 82.1% of the initial catalytic activity is achieved after 20 consecutive cycles due to PVP coating that can effectively prevent the agglomeration of nanoclusters during the recycling tests. Experimental analyses and DFT calculations reveal a synergistic effect in Ru–Ni nanoclusters, resulting in a strong adsorption of AB molecules and an easy activation of water molecules on Ru–Ni nanoclusters. These findings in this study open a new avenue for a hopeful design of highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts.
Switching the Luminescence between TADF and RTP for Organic D‐A‐D Emitters: The Role of D‐A Connection Modes
Authors: Ali Usman , Han Guangchao , Yi Yuanping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe impact of the connection modes between donor (D) and acceptor (A) on the luminescence properties is revealed for organic D‐A‐D emitters based on triphenylamine (TPA) and 9,10‐phenanthroquinone (PAQ). When TPA and PAQ are linked via a single bond, the emitters exhibit small energy difference between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (∆EST) due to the separated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) distributions, thus featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Interestingly, for the emitters with TPA and PAQ sharing a benzene ring, the ∆EST are significantly increased because of the enhanced overlap between the HOMO and LUMO, which is beneficial to realize room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Moreover, upon changing the connection from β to γ‐position, high‐lying triplet states can become energetically lower than the lowest singlet excited state, thus affording additional channels to facilitate TADF and RTP. This work sheds some light on controlling of the excited state energy level alignments via modulating the D‐A connection modes to tune molecular emission from TADF to RTP.