bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Water Hyacinth in Phytoremediation of Wastewater
Authors: Kasmuri N , Malik S A A , Yaacob Z , Miskon M F , Ramli N H , Zaini N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Wastewater is any water source that a human has used for domestic, agricultural, commercial, or industrial activity. Wastewater needs to be treated before being discharged into the environment to reduce contamination of water bodies. The wastewater treatment must follow the Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations, 2009. Rivers in Malaysia continue to suffer wastewater pollution from the inefficiency of treatment. Wastewater has been recognized as the significant cause of these issues. Many physical, chemical, and biological techniques have evolved for sewage treatment. It has been observed that biological procedures are advantageous, and one of these procedures that can be considered is phytoremediation. Thus, this study investigated the effectiveness of water hyacinths in treating wastewater, such as the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant, river, and pond in Pusat Asasi, UiTM Dengkil, Selangor, by phytoremediation. Different parameters of pH, suspended solids, phosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand have been assessed. The research has been conducted with experimental works of 14 days. The laboratory works showed a significant reduction in most parameters after two weeks of phytoremediation.
Treatment of Poultry Wastewater with Tannin as a Natural Coagulation Agent
Authors: Bashir Mohammed J K , Alazaiza Motasem Y D , Sheng Tan Chong , Amr Salim Abu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The coagulation-flocculation process frequently employs chemical-based coagulants and flocculants. The disadvantages of utilizing these chemical substances have triggered researchers to investigate natural substances to replace or reduce the number of chemical-based coagulants and flocculants. Thus, this study investigates the potential use of tannin as a natural coagulant for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. Results indicated that a pH of 6.9 and a dosage of 2mL of tannin resulted in the higher removal of different pollutants from slaughterhouse wastewater. Tannin was able to perform excellent elimination efficiency for all parameters under these ideal conditions. Turbidity, COD, colour, and TSS all had removal efficiencies of 93.7%, 76.2%, 95.7%, and 88.9%, respectively. Results were compared to alum, which was used as a coagulant, and it was found that pH 6.9 and dosage of 5mL were the optimum conditions for alum in slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. Alum achieved 92.8% for turbidity, 75.4% for COD, 93.1% for colour, and 91.7% for TSS, respectively. In contrast to alum, tannin is a natural substance that produces a small quantity of sludge while being safe for the environment and non-toxic. The tannin coagulant has the potential to be an efficient and productive coagulant agent for wastewater treatment from slaughterhouses.
Electro-fermentation enhances methane production from high-carbon potato starch wastewater
Authors: Shang Gaoyuan , Guo Kun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the development of the potato starch industry, the output of potato starch wastewater has increased rapidly. In terms of the characteristics of potato industry starch wastewater, it was heavily polluted and difficult to degrade, this paper proposes to use the method of electro-fermentation to efficiently treat potato starch wastewater with high COD concentration to realize resource conversion. Under the constant potential control of -1.0 V, the methane yield was significantly increased (maximum 1254 mL/d), and the cumulative methane production increased by 43%. The COD degradation rate reached 90.56%, an increase of 66.53%. Electro-fermentation can solve the bottleneck of anaerobic digestion and is an emerging technology.
Study of Velocity, Flow Depth and Froude Number of HDPE Diagonal Modular Pavement Using FLOW 3D
Authors: Amirah A.S.N. , Boon F.Y. , Ain Nihla K. , Salwa Z.M. , Mahyun A.W. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Modular pavement studies traditionally using physical modelling appear to be relatively expensive and risk substantial losses. Because of that, numerical simulation studies are a smart way to either create a new design or build a modular pavement on site before starting. This research examined the correlation of xyz velocity, flow depth and Froude number in a diagonal HDPE modular pavement using FLOW 3D. The simulations use Malaysian actual rainfall data to assess the ability of diagonal pavements to diffuse rainfall. The parameters xyz velocity, flow depth and Froude number were taken to see the absorbed rainfall capacity and the results show that the velocities x and y are greater than the velocities z. The flow depth was maintained at 425.6522 mm during the 600s and 6000s throughout the rainfall events for rainfall intensities of 5 mm/h and 85mm/h. Froude’s number is lower than zero. This FLOW 3D software is suitable as a modular pavement modelling since the velocity, flow depth and Froude number are closely related to the previous study. FLOW 3D can be used as an preliminary method for designing modular pavements.
Source to tap water quality assessment in drinking water supply system in Oman
Authors: Alazaiza M Y D , Maskari T Al 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Clean and safe drinking water is essential for any society’s development of long-term health and a developing economy. This study aims to evaluate the quality of drinking water in the water distribution system in Oman from source to tap. The study was conducted through in-depth interviews as well as designing of three surveys related to the main stakeholders of the water distribution system. In addition, several water samples were collected from different locations of the drinking water distribution system. All samples were tested for chemical, physical, and microbiological quality parameters. Results showed that the water distribution system needs more attention from the main stakeholder in terms of water quality monitoring and assessment. The results showed that the majority of parameters includes temperature, potential of hydrogen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved oxygen and inorganic substances were within the range and met the Oman standard for drinking water. The analysis of the different surveys and interviews revealed that some decisions are needed to improve the situation of desalination plants in terms of providing good services for desalination sector. In addition, the monitoring and assessment system for water distribution system includes water source, water delivery, and consumers’ water tanks need more attention in terms of hygienic and cleaning processes. Overall, this study concluded that the water supply system for drinking water in Oman is relatively acceptable but need more concern from stakeholders to improve the water distribution system to achieve better quality for consumers.
Preliminary Study on Flood Simulation using the HEC-HMS Model for Muda River, Malaysia
Authors: Hassan Z , Mohd Razali N H , Kamarudzaman A N , Salwa M Z M , Nordin N A S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Flooding poses a severe threat to human beings and causes significant damage to property, infrastructure, and agricultural production. The flood also has severe consequences for socio-economic activities and can lead to the loss of human life. One of the significant factors that cause the flood is rapid development, especially in the floodplain area. This study estimates the flood discharge along the Muda River, Malaysia using Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS). The finding shows that the HEC-HMS model performed well during the validation period, in which the coefficient determination (R2) between observed and simulated discharge during the validation process ranges from 0.51-0.84. In terms of design flood, the model simulated the peak flow with 1247-1448.8 m3/s and 1798.5-3662.5 m3/s for 50 and 100-year ARIs, respectively. The results obtained from this study can be used as fundamental data for advanced studies of flood control and management for better sustainable flood risk management.
Assessment of hydrogeological parameters in a tropical region using GIS and AHP
Authors: Baig Mohammed Feras , Mustafa Muhammad Raza Ul , Saputra Aditya , Shah Mumtaz Muhammad , Takaijudin Husna binti 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hydrogeological parameters have a significant impact on groundwater fluctuations in a tropical region. Malaysia is a tropical country experiencing rise in groundwater usage to meet the growing water demand. Therefore, an assessment of hydrogeological parameters is necessary for sustainable planning and management of groundwater. Geology, rainfall, drainage density, slope and soil are the hydrogeological parameters analysed for assessment in the region. The study aimed to assess hydrogeological parameters in the state of Selangor, Malaysia using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The parameters were weighted based on the degree of impact on groundwater potential using AHP model. The weighted and ranked parameters were integrated through GIS to create groundwater potential zone map. The groundwater potential zones were divided into three categories low, moderate, and high potential zones. Moderate potential zones cover 73% of total area in the state of Selangor. The moderate potential zones cover most of the districts in the west such as Sabak Bernam, Klang, Kuala Langat and Sepang. As well as the majority of the area in districts like Hulu Selangor, Petaling, Gombak and Kuala Selangor. The findings of this study might be useful for policy makers and government organisations in formulating strategies for sustainable groundwater management and determining ideal locations for groundwater extraction.
Effects of bioaugmentation on the performance of industrial-scale activated sludge sequencing batch reactor under load shock of heavy oil refinery wastewater
Authors: Cui Kai , Sheng Xiaoying , Meng Qingfan , Shang Gaoyuan , Guo Kun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The stable and efficient operation of the cyclic activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (CASSBR) in heavy oil refineries has become an urgent necessity in wastewater biotreatment. Here, the present study focuses on the selection of inoculated strains, the optimization of process parameters, and the effects of bioaugmentation on the performance in CASSBR under the different rates of heavy oil refinery wastewater shock loading. Results showed that the shock resistance of the CASSBR gradually enhanced and the normal performance was restored in a short time by the addition of a 0.1% biofortifier, and the average removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen reached 86% and 55% within 15 days, respectively. The recovery time of the reactor was shortened to 6 days by bioaugmentation measures. This study not only presents a detailed case on the ecological trade-off of the bioreactor and pollutant removal of inoculated strains during bioaugmentation, but also provides a theoretical basis and technical support for evaluating the effects of heavy oil refinery wastewater shock loading on biological wastewater treatment systems.
Optimization of adsorption parameter for removal of heavy metal using zeolite and Portland cement mixture coated on egg carton
Authors: Sim L C , Fong Y , Chin Y H , Leong K H , Saravanan P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The mixture of zeolite and Portland cement coated on egg carton (ZP-Egg) has found to be a more sustainable alternative to adsorb heavy metals in wastewater treatment. It is crucial to study and observe the effect of different parameters on the adsorption efficiency and the optimization of the parameters prior to the application of ZP-Egg in the adsorption of Cu2+. Design Expert (DOE) Version 7.0.1 was used to optimize the adsorption parameters, including pH, temperature and adsorbent dosage with the experimental data obtained from literatures. Generally, the adsorption efficiency increased as the temperature increased until a maximum temperature was achieved, which was around 50 °C. The pH value of the solution was found to be optimum within the range of pH 3 to pH 7. The adsorption efficiency of Cu2+ has found to be increasing with the increase of adsorbent dosage, until the active sites become saturated as the concentration of the heavy metals remained constant.
The heterogeneous effect of economic growth on the ecological footprint in OECD countries
Authors: Lee Hui Shan , Chia Chee Jian , Liew Ping Xin , Lee Sin Yee , Har Wai Mun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries are always being a concern of policymakers because of their high growth and high greenhouse emissions. The objective of this study is to investigate the heterogeneous effect of economic growth on the ecological footprint (EF) in OECD countries, spanning from the year 1995 to 2017. Based on a sample of 36 countries from OECD countries by using distributional heterogeneity in panel quantile regression framework, the result shows there is a non-linear relationship between economic growth and EF across different EF levels. Furthermore, an inverted U-shape exists in the relationship between economic growth and EF which supports the theory of Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). These results indicate that the economic growth of these countries increases the environmental pollution initially but reduces it after a certain level of economic growth. The novelty of this study shows that the effects of economic growth on ecological footprint can differ across countries along the line of their ecological footprint level.
Co-digestion of food waste with cow dung by anaerobic digestion for biogas production.
Authors: Hilmi N A M , Zakarya I A , Gunny A A N , Izhar T N T , Zaaba S K , Samah M F , Daud Z A A M , Beson M R C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Food waste is categorized under household waste which were produce in large amount every day and it can be a good potential to generate biogas production via anaerobic digestion. In this research, the characteristics of co-digestion process are measured to determine the biogas production between food waste and cow dung. The food waste is co-digest with two different type of cow dung are collected depends on their food consuming (grass:bran); 100% grass and 95% grass : 5% bran. The digester is maintained at 35°C of temperature for mesophilic condition. pH values and C/N ratio are noted until 35 days. The biogas production is analysed by using biogas analyzer. The highest biogas production in this study is 67.2% which are co-digest between food waste and cow dung (100%) compared cow dung (95%) is 53.9% on day 26. This shows that the cow dung (100%) produces more biogas than cow dung (95%). Anaerobic digestion process will best suits for biogas production and for the best utilization of food waste.
High RPM small dimension 100 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) manufacturing and performance testing
Authors: Nurendra Novias , Sentosa G Aji , Wibawa Eri Dwi , Priambodo M Luthfi , Rahman Ihsan Aulia , Zahra Inayah N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Indonesia is an archipelagic country that is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Climate change is mainly caused by global warming due to carbon emissions. Indonesia’s energy generation sector produces 34% of Indonesia’s total Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. So new ways of energy generation are needed to ensure the energy produced is clean from GHG such as renewable energy. For this reason, Hutama Karya is trying to develop core technology in the development of renewable energy in Indonesia. The core technology in question is the High RPM Small Dimension Permanent Magnet Generator. This PMSG has unique operating characteristics in the form of high RPM but low torque, making it suitable for application to renewable energy generation. The biggest challenge today is to ensure that the existing manufacturing technology in Indonesia is sufficient to produce the PMSG. Our findings indicate that manufacturing technology in Indonesia is sufficient to produce PMSG with 100 kW power capacity. It is indicated by the result of early testing that the generator can produce Electrical Coefficient (EC) value of 0.15.
Peat Soil Ecosystem Restoration for Development of a Wetland- a review
Authors: Affam Augustine Chioma , Fei Jacqueline Wong Yun , Chung Wong Chee 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Constructed wetlands are sustainable wastewater treatment technology and have been used to treat a variety of wastewaters for decades, including domestic and industrial wastewaters. They take advantage of many of the same processes that occur in natural wetlands but do so in a more controlled or engineered system. To date, surface flow and subsurface flow wetlands are the two main categories of constructed wetland applications. On the other hand, peat soil is the decomposed organic matter that have built up over thousands of years, with high moisture content. Peat soil management is imperative to maintain the mire ecosystem. The use of rhizosphere biodegradation, phyto-stabilization and phyto-accumulation have shown the possibility of improving water quality of wetland associated with peat soil. Thus, the aim of this work is to present a review in the role of constructed wetland system for peat soil management and the water quality as restoration measures of the peat soil ecosystem to promote its suitability for agricultural purpose.
Indoor gas emission assessment in public schools in Perlis
Authors: Zakarya Irnis Azura , Jaafar Mohd Hafiidz , Yunus Muhamad Nurul Hisyam , Abustan Abdul Rahim , Hamidin Nasrul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Indoor gas emission has been a matter of public concern. People mostly spend their time in the indoor environment, especially children, therefore more exposed to indoor air pollution. The primary objective of this study is to determine the exposure level of the pollutant and evaluate the potential adverse effects on students at schools in indoor settings. Three schools were randomly selected in Kangar and Arau areas. The methods applied in the study involved the measurement of pollutants, questionnaire and health risk assessment. The monitoring was conducted in each school’s classroom, library, and science lab. Concentrations of the indoor and outdoor air pollutants (e.g. CO, CO2, SO2, NO2, and VOCs) were collected. From the sampling results, the average indoor pollutant concentrations in all selected schools were 0.39, 484, 0.002, 0.046 and 0.04 ppm, respectively. The average CO, CO2, SO2, NO2 and VOCs concentrations in the outdoor environment are 1.11, 442, 0.03, 0.019 and 0.03 ppm. All of the pollutant concentrations do not exceed the standard limit and guidelines. From health risk assessment, it can be concluded that potential health risk for human exposure to CO was low birth weight, auditory system, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma symptom, and respiratory responses.
The Sustainability of Urban Green Space during Pandemic Crises
Authors: Azhar Ali Saifuddin bin Nor , Hussain Mohd. Ramzi bin Mohd. , Tukiman Izawati , Nadzri Amira Arisya bt. Mohamad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The pandemic issue is frequently discussed in the news or mass media. In 2002, Ebola, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2 were highly infective viruses that caused a global pandemic, according to the pandemic chronology. Animals in the forest spread each of these viruses to people. Since the 1918 influenza pandemic, the unique human coronavirus COVID-19 has caused the fifth documented pandemic. In this era, there has been an increase in public awareness about urban green spaces. Many studies suggest that proper landscape planning and design with a sustainable mindset may provide a helpful and responsive environment for healthy urban improvement during pandemic crises. Thus, this study aims to look into the functions of urban green spaces for long-term environmental health, especially during pandemic crises. The research revealed that urban green spaces improve immune system performance, promote social capital and cohesiveness, reduce mortality, lengthen life expectancy, and potential adverse health impacts. The findings also emphasised various advantages of urban green spaces during pandemics, such as enhanced mental and physical well-being, less risk of disease transmission, and enhanced social cohesion. In summary, urban green space sustainability may support a healthy environment and lifestyle in metropolitan areas amid pandemic crises.
Prospect of CO2 sequestration in Malaysia cement industry
Authors: Ting K L , Vallyutham K , Phoon C H , Manokaran P K , Lim C C 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Carbon Dioxide (CO2), a known greenhouse gas, is the most influential driver of climate change. Tolerable amounts of CO2 emission are naturally produced through respiration, volcanic eruption, and organic matter decompositions. However, excessive emission of CO2 by human activities such as deforestation, changes in land use, construction, and energy-generating processes eventually increases the earth’s temperature and results in irreversible global climate change. In line with the Paris Agreement’s aim to limit the impact of climate change, numerous research is undertaken globally to identify ways to reduce man-made CO2 emissions. This paper discusses several potential CO2 sequestrations through CO2 utilization in the cement industry and their applicability for adoption in Malaysia as part of carbon emission reduction; fresh concrete, masonry bricks, cement bonded fibreboard, recycled masonry aggregate, recycled concrete aggregate and ultra-high performance concrete.
Mechanical Properties of Unbound Perlis Limestone and Granite Aggregate Mixture for Road Application
Authors: Manaf Mohd Badrul Hisyam Bin Ab , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Albakri , Razak Rafiza Abd , Hasan Mohd Rosli Bin Mohd 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The most important component of road construction is aggregate. As 70–80 percent of aggregates are used in road construction, the majority of aggregates used in Malaysia’s road construction are granite aggregates. Due to the lack of substitutes for aggregates and the rise in demand, this may hinder the development of the road construction process. This research seeks to identify high-quality alternatives to granite aggregate that can be utilised to their full potential. Since there is no granite in Perlis, Malaysia, the mechanical properties of the Perlis limestone aggregates were evaluated to ensure that they can be used alone or in combination with granite aggregates in road construction. The AIV, ACV, and LAA tests were conducted on both individual samples of Perlis limestone and granite aggregate, as well as combinations containing various percentages of each. In all tested parameters, the results indicated that Perlis limestone aggregates were superior to granite aggregates. In addition, when Perlis limestone and granite were combined in an unbound state with the presence of limestone, the strength and resistance to abrasion and impact increased linearly. It is believed that incorporating Perlis limestone into unbound layers of road construction, such as roadbase and subbase, will enhance their performance.