bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐Conjugated Bis‐(Dithienylethene)‐Naphthalenediimide as a Dynamic Anti‐Counterfeiting Agent: Driving the Wheel of Photoswitching Enactment
Authors: Kumar Bag Sayan , Karmakar Manisha , Mondal Bijan , Thakur Arunabha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhotochromic fluorescent molecules dramatically extend their fields of applications ranging from optical memories, bioimaging, photoswitches, photonic devices, anti‐counterfeiting technology and many more. Here, we have logically designed and synthesized a triazole appended bis‐(dithienylethene)‐naphthalenediimide based photo‐responsive material, 5, which demonstrated fluorescence enhancement property upon photocyclization (ΦF=0.42), with high photocyclization (44 s, ksolution=0.0355 s−1, ksolid=0.0135 s−1) and photocycloreversion (160 s, ksolution=0.0181 s−1, ksolid=0.0085 s−1) rate and decent photoreaction quantum yield (Φo→c=0.93 and Φc→o=0.11). The open isomer almost converted to the closed isomer at photo‐stationary state (PSS) with distinct color change from colorless to blue with 92.85 % conversion yield. A reversible noninvasive modulation of fluorescence through efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process was observed both in solution as well as in solid state. The fluorescence modulation through PET process was further corroborated with thermodynamic calculations using the Rehm–Weller equation and quantum chemical studies (DFT). The thermally stable compound 5 exhibits high fatigue resistance property (up to 50 cycles) both in solution and solid state. Furthermore, the compound 5 was successfully applied as erasable ink and in deciphering secret codes (Quick Response/bar code) portending potential promising application in anti‐counterfeiting.
Numerical investigation on effects of fuel rod with different shapes of bow deformation on the subcooled boiling of coolant in a fuel assembly
Authors: Zhi Changshuang , Wang Xusheng , Jiang Hantao , Yang Peng , Liu Yingwen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Eulerian two‐phase boiling model of the subcooled boiling of coolant in a 3 × 3 fuel assembly is established and compared with the experimental data to verify its accuracy. The effects of four shapes of bow deformation on subcooled boiling flow and heat transfer characteristics are obtained by comparing and analyzing the distributions of thermal–hydraulic parameters, including the axial wall superheat, liquid phase temperature, axial void fraction, various heat fluxes, heat transfer coefficient, and turbulent kinetic energy. All shapes of bow deformation will lead to the redistribution of coolant among different subchannels, and the distributions of thermal–hydraulic parameters would be greatly affected. The bow deformation of fuel rod easily causes local boiling, which results in local high temperature of liquid phase and bubble accumulation, and a decrease in the area of high liquid phase heat transfer coefficient on the surface of bowing fuel rod. Additionally, the non‐uniform distribution of turbulent kinetic energy caused by bow deformation in different axial sections not only affects the heat transfer performance of coolant, but also causes the increment in pressure drop, which has negative effects on the safe operation of the nuclear reactor. This paper can provide data and theoretical support for engineering design.
A comparative study of the catalytic nitration of toluene over bimetallic Ce‐Mn modified Hβ zeolite
Authors: Deng Renjie , Ni Wenjin , Tian Yao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBimetallic cerium‐manganese modified Hβ zeolite sample (Ce/Mn‐Hβ) was prepared by ultrasonic assisted impregnation method and applied in nitration of toluene. The characterization results show that the active components (Ce and Mn) are successfully introduced into the framework of Hβ zeolite. The catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity and reusability for the nitration of toluene, giving high para selectivity. Under optimized conditions, it gives 68.7% selectivity to para‐nitrotoluene at 88.6% conversion over Ce/Mn‐Hβ in the presence of acetic anhydride (Ac2O). The theoretical calculations indicate that the Ce/Mn bimetallic active sites in modified Hβ zeolite can easily activate the nitrification reagent (AcONO2), and the enhancement of para selectivity is owing to the steric hindrance of catalyst. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism was proposed by the combination of experimental results and theoretical calculations.
Atomistic Simulations of Hydrated Sulfonated Polybenzophenone Block Copolymer Membranes
Authors: Sunda Anurag Prakash , Singh Soni , Yadav Sonia , Singh Raman K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present a classical molecular dynamics simulations study on the nanostructures of the sulfonated polybenzophenone (SPK) block copolymer membranes at 300 K and 353 K. The results of the radial distribution function (RDF) show that the interactions of the sulfonate groups of the membrane with the hydronium ions are more significant than those of water due to the strong electrostatic attraction over the hydrogen bonding. However, the effect of temperatures on the RDF profile seems insignificant. Furthermore, the spatial distribution function (SDF) portrays that the sulfonate groups of the hydrophilic components are preferential binding sites for hydronium ions against the hydrophobic counterpart of the SPK membrane. The mobility of the H3O+ ions at 300 K and 353 K is two (or three) times lower than that of Nafion/Aciplex. However, the diffusion coefficients for water molecules closely agree with Nafion/Aciplex. This study suggests that water clusters are more localized around the sulfonate groups in the SPK membranes. Thus, the molecular modeling study of SPK block copolymer membranes is warranted to design better‐performing membrane electrolytes.
Formation and Characterization of MgSe Alloys by Pulsed Laser Welding Technique
Authors: Almotiri R. A. , Qasrawi A. F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHerein, MgSe alloys with different compositions are fabricated using laser welding techniques within a couple of minutes in an argon atmosphere. The optimum laser welding parameters, which reveal the correct compositional ratios, are determined by varying arc voltage, pulse width, welding frequency, and laser beam diameter. The structure of the MgSe alloy is monoclinic. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy studies have shown that MgSe alloys are least porous and have a layered structure. The electrical resistance of the welded alloys depends on the Mg content in the samples. Measurements from impedance spectroscopy have shown that the alloys can function as band filters, displaying cutoff frequency values of ≈16 GHz for AC signals propagating at a driving frequency of 1.0 GHz with an amplitude of 0.10 V. The properties of the MgSe alloys make them attractive for use in 5G/6G technology applications as band filters.
Outage probability analysis of multiple intelligent reflecting surface‐assisted single‐input single‐output system with switched diversity
Authors: Kumar Hindustani Rahul , Dixit Dharmendra , Sharma Sanjeev 
Published: June 2023

SummaryIn this paper, we have presented the outage probability analysis of multiple intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)‐assisted single‐input‐single‐output (SISO) system with switched diversity schemes. The switched diversity is simpler than the selection combining diversity technique, which can help in reducing the channel estimation overhead. There are two main types of switch diversity schemes, namely, switch and stay combining (SSC) and switch and examine combining (SEC). We consider a SISO wireless scenario in which a single transmitting antenna is sending its message to the receiving antenna with the aid of multiple IRS panels. This communication scenario will arise as a typical application of uplink scenario for future 6G wireless systems. The outage probability (OP) expressions for dual‐IRS‐panel‐aided SSC system and multiple‐IRS‐panel‐aided SEC system are analyzed, respectively, over Rician fading channels. We derive tight approximate OP expressions in closed form for a large number of IRS elements. Further, we derive a simple asymptotic OP for studying diversity order and coding gain. The OP performance with respect to each system parameter is thoroughly explored. Several numerical OP results are presented with corresponding simulated OP results to validate the accuracy of the presented analytical analysis.
Body dissatisfaction, ideals, and identity in the development of disordered eating among adolescent ballet dancers
Authors: Ohashi Yuri‐Grace B. , Wang Shirley B. , Shingleton Rebecca M. , Nock Matthew K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about how female adolescent ballet dancers—a group at high‐risk for the development of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders—construct body ideals, and how their social identities interact with body ideals to confer risk for disordered eating. Using a novel body figure behavioral task, this study investigated (1) whether degree of body dissatisfaction corresponded to severity of disordered eating thoughts and behaviors, and (2) how ballet identity corresponded with ideal body figure size among adolescent ballet dancers.MethodsParticipants were 188 female ballet dancers ages 13‐18 years who completed self‐report measures of study constructs and the behavioral task.ResultsLinear regression models indicated that more severe body dissatisfaction was positively associated with increased disordered eating thoughts and behaviors (p < .19), except for muscle building (p = .32). We also found that identifying more strongly as a ballet dancer was correlated with having a smaller ideal body size (p = .017).ConclusionFindings from this study suggest desire to achieve smaller body sizes is correlated with more severe disordered eating endorsement and stronger ballet identity. Instructors and clinicians may consider assessing the extent to which individuals identify as a ballet dancer as a risk factor for disordered eating and encourage adolescent dancers to build and nurture other identities beyond ballet.Public significanceEating disorders are debilitating conditions that can lead to malnutrition, social isolation, and even premature death. Though disordered eating thoughts and behaviors can affect anyone, adolescents in physically demanding and body image‐driven activities including ballet dance are particularly vulnerable. Investigating how factors like body dissatisfaction and strength of identity are associated with disordered eating among high‐risk groups is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention methods that minimize harm.
Appearance of ghost bands in gel electrophoresis depending on agarose concentration
Authors: Raab Jana , Fink Beate , Bauer Mario 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStandard agarose gel electrophoresis is a widely used method to analyse diversity of nucleic acids. Certain conditions, however, may give rise to artefactual bands. We report on artefactual bands frequently occurring, especially when partially homologous nucleic acids, such as splicing variants of DNA transcripts, are analysed simultaneously. Interestingly, to some extent agarose concentration may influence the occurrence of artefactual bands.
An intelligent recommendation method for coal mine accident case via ontology knowledge service
Authors: Zhao Zhigang , Luo Xiong , Zhang Xinju , Chen Maojian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCoal mine accidents, for example, water leakage and collapse, can damage the circuit system, and they in turn can affect the stable operation of the coal mine. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the causes of coal mine accidents and reduce the number of accidents in coal mines. Government and enterprises have already accumulated numerous coal mine accident cases. To summarize the characteristics and rules of accidents, survey the deep cause of the accident, avoid the recurrence of similar accidents, and early pre‐control of risk source, there is a need to analyze the correlation in the accident characteristics. Then, with the help of ontology knowledge service model, we address this issue in this article. For guaranteeing the inference efficiency of ontology knowledge, we propose a semiautomatic construction method for coal mine accident cases to construct ontology. Here, the reliability of ontology construction and the professionalism of domain knowledge provide a feasible approach to ontology learning using structured and semi‐structured data sources. Furthermore, the weighted Word2vec and spectral clustering method are combined, an intelligent recommendation algorithm with accident ontology is accordingly presented, while presenting a local optimal distance calculation similarity strategy. This method can serve as an assistant to help users mine similar coal mine accident cases. Finally, the experimental results show that after comparing with some other popular methods, the proposed approach can achieve a satisfactory performance on the coal mine dataset with an accuracy of 99.47%, the precision of 98.92%, and the F1‐score of 99.35.
Harmonizing Seismic Performance via Risk Targeted Spectra: State of the art, dependencies, and implementation proposals
Authors: Spillatura Andrea , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios , Kohrangi Mohsen , Bazzurro Paolo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDesign spectra are commonly defined for a constant value of hazard associated to an “ultimate” limit state (LS) of reference, typically 10% in 50 years. Given a specific structure, this approach results in different limit‐state exceedance risk levels even for sites characterized by the same design peak ground acceleration (PGA), mainly because of differences in hazard curve shape/slope. Instead, Risk Targeted design maps (first applied in ASCE7‐10) suggest the application of suitable spectra adjustment factors, the so‐called risk coefficients, in order to ensure a uniform collapse risk across different sites and buildings. Making use of simplified single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDoF) structures for several configurations of vibration period and ductility, we test the effectiveness of the adjustment factors computed under different assumptions in matching a specific target risk or, at least, in harmonizing the risk of multiple buildings at different sites with respect to different LSs. Although risk matching is shown to be only theoretically possible and unachievable in practice, we claim that harmonization remains a viable target, and we offer insights for possible future adoption of Risk Targeted Spectra in the European code provisions.
Study on the influence law of well location and water injection displacement on heat extraction performance of EGS
Authors: Zhao Kai , Song Wenjie , Wang Xiaoyun , Xu Zhihui , Shi Shuyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is the key to improving the heat production efficiency of hot dry rock (HDR). Due to the existence of EGS, the reservoir produces significant heterogeneity, so the optimal design of well location and injection rate has an important influence on the heat recovery effect of an EGS. To solve this problem, a calculation model for the heat output of an EGS under multifield coupling is established in this paper, and the influence of well location and injection rate on the heat recovery effect under different scales of EGS is deeply analyzed. The results show that the production well location and injection well displacement have a great influence on the heat recovery effect under different fracture‐network scales. The larger the size of the fracture network, the larger the effective utilization area of reservoir heat recovery and the better the effect of heat recovery. The closer the production well is to the fracture network and in the direction of the fracture network, the larger the effective utilization area of reservoir heat recovery is, and the better the effect of heat recovery is. The higher the injection well displacement is, the larger the effective utilization area of reservoir heat recovery is, and the better the heat recovery effect is. The research results have important guiding significance for the optimization of the scale, well placement, and water injection displacement of the EGS in the HDR reservoir.
Correction of sideband effects of nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectrum in coal and its application in coal structure analysis
Authors: Chang Tianyi , Zhou Xingyu , Deng Xiaopeng , Xiang Jianhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test of coal, when the spinning frequency of magic‐angle spinning (MAS) is less than the frequency range of chemical shift anisotropy, serious aromatic carbon spinning sidebands will appear. Existing solutions to the sideband effect, such as changing the MAS frequency, inserting total suppression of sidebands (TOSS) pulse sequences, or simply defining the peak after chemical shift of 200 ppm as the sideband peaks generated by aromatic carbon peak, multipling the identified sideband integral by 2 and adding to the main peaks of protonated aromatic carbon and aromatic bridgehead carbon. None of these methods can reasonably correct for the sideband effect and cause errors to accurately quantifying the carbon structure parameters. Compared with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectrum without sideband suppression (13C CP‐MAS NMR) and 13C NMR spectrum under sideband suppression conditions (13C CP‐MAS/TOSS NMR), according to the chemical shifts of the main peaks of four aromatic carbons, namely protonated aromatic carbon, aromatic bridgehead carbon, alkylated aromatic carbon and oxygen‐linked aromatic carbon, combined with the MAS frequency, the first‐ and second‐level sideband peaks generated by four types of aromatic carbons were accurately located and quantified, and they were added to the corresponding aromatic carbon main peaks in 13C CP‐MAS/TOSS NMR spectrum, thus realizing the accurate correction of sideband effect of the solid‐state 13C NMR spectrum of coal samples. The relative area of corrected aliphatic carbon, carbonyl (carboxyl) carbon, and various aromatic carbons were recalculated, and more accurate carbon structure parameters were obtained, which is significant for studying the coal structure from a microscopic perspective.
Shoreline change dynamics along the Augusta coast, eastern Sicily, South Italy
Authors: Laksono FX Anjar Tri , Borzi Laura , Distefano Salvatore , Czirok Lili , Halmai Ákos , Di Stefano Agata , Kovács János 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe coastal region of Augusta, eastern Sicily, Italy, is a densely populated zone, where human pressures profoundly shaped the coastal and land dynamics. So far, understanding the interaction between natural and human processes in modelling coastal geomorphology is still quite challenging. However, coastal and environmental monitoring poses the bases for managing coastal areas properly. Therefore, the aim of this research was first to understand the medium‐term shoreline changes along Augusta Bay between 1972 and 2021, and then assess the main local coastal modifications determined by the increasing coastal armouring. To do so, the shorelines dataset was extracted from Landsat and Sentinel‐2 satellite imageries using the NDWI and mNDWI methods and then statistical parameters were computed using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). Results show that this coastal fringe experienced significant shoreline recession over the studied time interval. Negative shoreline shifts are higher in correspondence with torrent deltas, as a result of the increasing human and natural forces insisting on the land and coastal environments. Since 1970s, Augusta Bay registered a significant increase in artificial coastal length and a coastal armouring index of Maximal level was reached today.
An overview of LTE/LTE‐A heterogeneous networks for 5G and beyond
Authors: Alam Mohammed Jaber , Hossain Md Rahat , Azad Salahuddin , Chugh Ritesh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe potential of fifth‐generation (5G) and beyond wireless connectivity is to deliver higher data rates, much lower latency, more frequent increase in channel capacity, and significant improvements in Quality of Service (QoS), compared to the current Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The continued growth of smart devices, the introduction of trending multimedia applications, and the dramatic increase in demand and use of wireless data communication are already causing a significant load on current mobile networks. 5G wireless networks, with enhanced user data rates, delays, capacity and QoS, are anticipated to solve many of the existing problems of mobile networks. In this study, we review the emergent wireless LTE‐A and 5G networks to provide an overview of the challenges and the solutions suggested in recent literature towards forthcoming 6G networks. We first discuss the new structural changes associated with the Radio Access Network (RAN) design, heterogeneous network and LTE or LTE‐Advanced (LTE‐A) network. To understand the challenges and research gaps in 5G and beyond networks, the paper reviews the outstanding features of the new QoS and Self‐Organization Networks (SON) related to the emerging 5G networks. Data rates, bandwidth and coverage have been given significance throughout this review because these are some major challenges towards 6G networks. Since understanding the present state of 5G usage is critical to its adoption, the paper also discusses related field tests, trials, and simulation tests. Finally, we identify existing major research problems and outline potential research areas.
Effects of organic mulching on moisture and temperature of soil in greenhouse production of tomato under unheated greenhouse cultivation in the cold zone of China
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Zhaorui , Xiao Menglin , Chao Jinlong , Dai Yanyan , Liu Geng , Senge Masateru 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the cold zone of China, winter is cold and long and has a short duration of sunshine. Unheated earthen‐wall solar greenhouses are used for tomato production in winter in this region. This was an experimental investigation of different organic mulching materials (newspaper, bran, and grass) on the soil temperature, soil moisture, tomato yield, fruit quality, and water use efficiency. Organic mulching variously improved soil temperature, soil moisture, water use efficiency, and tomato yield, which is very important for greenhouse winter cultivation in this cold zone. Organic mulching regulated the soil temperature, with daily soil temperature ranges of bran, newspaper, and grass treatments being 1.6, 1.9, and 2.1°C lower than for bare land, respectively. Compared to bare land, newspaper mulching had little effect on soil temperature and fruit quality, but increased soil moisture (14.1%) and water use efficiency (WUE: WUEb, 31.3%; WUEy, 30.6%), and greatly increased yield (81.8%) and biomass (82.7%); bran mulching greatly increased soil temperature, moisture (16%), and WUE (WUEb, 60.1%; WUEy, 44.3%) and increased biomass (30.2%) and yield (17.3%); grass mulching greatly increased soil temperature and moisture (20.9%) and increased biomass (17.9%), yield (11.2%), and WUE (WUEb, 20.5%; WUEy, 13.6%). In addition, organic mulching had a good water retention effect on soil layer above 30 cm. The total soil water consumption during tomato growth was in the following order: newspaper (103 mm) > bare (74 mm) > grass (73 mm) > bran (60 mm). Soil water consumption mainly occurred in the 0‐ to 10‐cm soil layers.