bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Diabetic
Nephropathy
Authors: Momin Armash , Shukla Pavan , Nikambe Rachana , Patil Rashmi , Aswar Urmila 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Persistent hyperglycemia can cause Diabetic nephropathy (DN). It is a major microvascular complication that leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD) that progressively develops into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is the most debilitating condition that affects 15-25% of patients with type I diabetes and approximately 30-40% with type II diabetes worldwide.

Purpose:
In this review, we aim at various inflammatory mediators and different inflammatory path-ways involved in the progression of DN with special emphasis on phytoconstituents which gives pro-tection against DN by acting on these mediators and pathways.

Methods:
The literature was searched for the key words: inflammation, anti-inflamatory, phytoconsti-tutents/ phytochemicals, diabetic nephropathy, clinical and preclinical studies.

Results:
The various epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical evidence showed a close relationship between inflammatory response and progression of DN, as such, there is no effective treatment for DN, therefore, there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches to treat them. From ancient times, phytochemicals, also known as phytonutrients, are the bioactive nutrients found in plants and foods, which have proven potentially useful for human well-being. Phytochemicals have demonstrat-ed a promising therapeutic role in nephropathy, principally through the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Aspects of Aegle marmelos: An Update
Authors: Agrawal Karan , Pathak Devender , Kulshreshtha Mayank 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:Due to its therapeutic characteristics, the Rutaceae family plant Aegle marmelos is one of the most important plants. The bilwa is used to treat a range of illnesses. The existence of this plant dates back to the age of the dinosaurs. The plant has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including the ability to heal wounds, act as an antipyretic, prevent diarrhoea, treat ulcers and constipation, exhibit radioprotective action, exert anti-arthritis activity, anti-thyroid activity, immunomodulatory activity, anti-fungal activity, anti-microbial activity, antioxidant activity, analgesic action, and cytoprotective action. The goal of this review is to summarise the molecular and scientific knowledge available regarding Aegle marmelos, including its phytochemical properties, pharmacological potential, and pharmacognostic traits. Data are acquired using Google, PubMed, Scholar, and other online sources.
Mediatisasi kearifan lokal Sunda dalam film Ambu
Authors: Awaliah Yatun Romdonah 
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud, makna, dan fungsi kearifan lokal dalam film Ambu (2019). Film tersebut merupakan film pertama di Indonesia yang berhasil membuat film tentang suku Baduy. Kanekes atau Baduy dikenal sebagai suku yang masih mempertahankan budaya Sunda dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis Hermeneutika Ricoeur. Unit analisis yang dikaji adalah aspek verbal maupun visual film. Terdapat empat hasil penelitian yang didasarkan atas tipologi kearifan lokal sebagai berikut. Pertama, dimensi pengetahuan lokal diwujudkan melalui upacara penyucian. Kedua, dimensi keterampilan lokal meliputi aktivitas menumbuk maupun memasok olahan pangan (leuit-leuit). Ketiga, dimensi sumber daya lokal diperlihatkan dengan kedudukan wewengkon atau aspek ekosentrisme maupun biosentrisme daerah Baduy. Keempat, dimensi solidaritas dan kepemimpinan kultural diproyeksikan melalui kepemimpinan ketua adat dan gotong-rotong masyarakat. Kelima, dimensi tatakrama terdiri atas wilayah personal dan sosial yang direpresentasikan oleh 5W (wiwaha, wibawa, wirasa, wirahma, dan wiraga) yang dalam konteks pendidikan karakter relevan dengan konsep moral knowing, moral feeling, dan moral action. Kata kunci: kearifan lokal, sunda, film ambu, lokalitas, pendidikan karakter AbstractThis study aims to describe the form, meaning, and function of local wisdom in the film Ambu (2019). This film is the first cinema in Indonesia which has made a film about the Baduy tribe. Kanekes or Baduy are a tribe that still maintains a Sundanese culture in their daily lives. This study uses a qualitative method with Ricoeur's Hermeneutic analysis approach. The unit of analysis studied is the verbal and visual aspects of the film. There are four research results based on the typology of local wisdom as follows. First, the dimension of local knowledge is realized through a purification ceremony. Second, local skills include the process and supplying processed food (leuit-leuit). Third, the dimension of local resources is shown by the position of wewengkon or the ecocentrism and biocentrism aspects of the Baduy area. Fourth, the dimensions of solidarity and cultural leadership are projected through the administration of traditional leaders and community mutual assistance. Fifth, the dimensions of etiquette consist of personal and social areas represented by 5W (wiwaha, wibawa, wirasa, wirahma, and wiraga), which in the context of character education are relevant to the concepts of moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral action. Keywords: Local Wisdom, Sundanese, Ambu Film, Locality, Character Education
Effects of Tirzepatide Versus Insulin Glargine on Cystatin C–Based Kidney Function: A SURPASS-4 Post Hoc Analysis
Authors: Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Sattar Naveed , Pavo Imre , Haupt Axel , Duffin Kevin L. , Yang Zhengyu , Wiese Russell J. , Wilson Jonathan M. , Hemmingway Andrea , Cherney David Z.I. , Tuttle Katherine R. 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE
Tirzepatide reduces HbA1c and body weight, and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. Unlike creatine-derived eGFR (eGFR-creatinine), cystatin C–derived eGFR (eGFR-cystatin C) is unaffected by muscle mass changes. We assessed effects of tirzepatide on eGFR-creatinine and eGFR-cystatin C.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Our primary outcome was eGFR change from baseline at 52 weeks with pooled tirzepatide (5, 10, and 15 mg) and titrated insulin glargine in adults with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk (SURPASS-4).

RESULTS
Least squares mean (SE) eGFR-creatinine (mL/min/1.73 m2) changes from baseline with tirzepatide and insulin glargine were −2.5 (0.38) and −3.9 (0.38) (between-group difference, 1.4 [95% CI 0.3–2.4]) and −3.5 (0.37) and −5.3 (0.37) (between-group difference, 1.8 [95% CI 0.8–2.8]) for eGFR-cystatin C. Baseline, 1-year, and 1-year change from baseline values significantly correlated between eGFR-cystatin C and eGFR-creatinine. Measures of eGFR changes did not correlate with body weight changes.

CONCLUSIONS
Tirzepatide slows the eGFR decline rate, supporting a kidney-protective effect.
Analisis Empat Kompetensi Guru dalam Mengembangkan Pembelajaran IPS di MI Ma’arif NU Penaruban
Authors: Chasanah Maghfirotul , Ningsih Tutuk 
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis empat kompetensi guru dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran IPS di sekolah dasar, yaitu pengetahuan materi, strategi pembelajaran, pengelolaan kelas, dan keterampilan komunikasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan analisis dokumen. Partisipan penelitian terdiri dari sepuluh guru IPS di sekolah dasar yang dipilih secara purposive. Data dianalisis secara tematik dengan mengidentifikasi pola-pola, tema-tema, dan hubungan antara empat kompetensi yang telah diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan materi guru IPS memiliki peran penting dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran IPS yang bermakna dan relevan bagi siswa. Strategi pembelajaran yang beragam memberikan kesempatan kepada guru untuk mengaktifkan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran dan meningkatkan pemahaman mereka terhadap konsep IPS. Pengelolaan kelas yang efektif menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif dan meminimalkan gangguan, sementara keterampilan komunikasi yang baik membantu dalam menyampaikan materi dengan jelas dan membangun hubungan yang positif antara guru dan siswa.

Kata Kunci: Kompetensi Guru, Mengembangkan, Pembelajaran IPS
The concept and essence of human rights
Authors: Shcherbay І. 
Published: June 2023

The development of human rights and freedoms is an indispensable component of modern society. The world is built on the observance of certain rights, because if they are not observed, chaos will begin. In 2022, we can clearly see what a country's non-compliance with its rights and violation of someone else's territorial integrity leads to. The "neighbor" country brings chaos to the whole world, destroying everything and everyone in its path. But the civilized world will certainly stop pro-science and he will bear responsibility for all crimes.
Mentality is formed by the human community through cultural development. This formation becomes the foundation, the basis of the legal capabilities of a person in a specific region. That is, the legal capabilities of a person in each region can have its criteria, the organicity, naturalness of human characteristics in the form of their rights is changed in connection with nature. Society provides nature spontaneously, and the state actively.
It is difficult to imagine the modern world without human rights. Today, this is a very relevant topic. After all, one of the most important signs of a democratic society is the free and effective exercise of one's rights. It is thanks to the development of law that the country develops.
Human rights are closely related to the development of the state. After all, they are the so-called original legal yardstick for all processes taking place in the state. Human rights are in constant development, and therefore reflect certain changes in social relations, the growth of legal awareness of citizens, which is quite noticeable when considering rights according to historical periodization. We classify human rights as follows, namely: a) natural human rights (these are the rights that are granted to a person from birth, given by God and accompany a person until death); b) physical human rights (these are the rights that satisfy material, spiritual and other human needs); c) personal human rights (these are the rights that protect the rights, freedoms and interests of citizens).
If we talk about rights in Ukraine, we can say that certain changes are needed regarding people's rights. After all, too much in our country is built on material values. People have forgotten that they are, first of all, people and should give priority to moral values and help each other.
Legal and organizational principles of activity of the High Military and Staff Courts during the Directory period
Authors: Vovk Yu.E. 
Published: June 2023

The article examines the legal and organizational foundations of the activities of the High Military and Staff Courts during the Directory period. On the basis of archival materials, the legislation in force at that time was analyzed.
It is noted that in view of current events, the study of historical experience is quite relevant, because in connection with the significant increase of quantity of personal of the armed forces, caused by the needs of the time, the question of the restoration of military justice, in particular military courts, arises. It is emphasized that according to the order of the Minister of Military Affairs, on the basis of the legislation in force at that time, the establishment of the High Military and Staff Courts was foreseen. However, the sphere of competence between them was not clearly demarcated.
Emergency military courts also operated. Judgments, decrees and resolutions of the Extraordinary Court, which became legally binding, could be reviewed by the Supreme Military Court.
If one person committed several crimes, some of which were subject to the staff court, and others to the Supreme Military Court, then the case in such a case was subject to consideration by the Supreme Military Court. Sometimes the corresponding measure of punishment could be replaced by another, with a postponement of its execution until the end of the war.
It is noted that in the case of committing such serious crimes as murder, robbery, as well as in the case of committing particularly dangerous crimes against the state, the cases in the High Military Courts were subject to a simplified procedure. If, in the opinion of the prosecutor, it was inappropriate to consider the case according to the simplified procedure, he gave an instruction to the court investigator about the need to conduct a preliminary investigation and reported to the chief military prosecutor about the reasons why the proposal for accelerated consideration of the case was not submitted to the court. The shortcomings of the legislation in force at that time are pointed out.
An obstacle to the creation of effective legislation was continuous hostilities, as well as the lack of a sufficient number of qualified specialists. It is emphasized that the vast majority of criminal cases against civilians and military personnel were under consideration by military courts.
Peculiarities of the legal mechanism of transfers of civil servants
Authors: Lutsenko O.Ye. 
Published: June 2023

It is proved that the optimization of the work of civil servants very often involves the movement of personnel and labour mobility. Such optimization is conditioned by the fact that the public service must be efficient, and therefore labour mobility and personnel mobility are important on this path to form the personnel of a state body that can solve complex management tasks. The procedure of transfer of civil servants is almost the most common format of labour mobility. The procedure for transferring civil servants causes a lot of practical difficulties, and therefore both theoreticians and practitioners are trying to develop the best proposals for improving the legal regulation of this procedure.
It was established that according to the current legislation on civil service, the transfer of employees is possible on the following grounds: 1) in the case of appointment to a civil service position of a person who will be directly subordinated to a close person or to whom close persons will be directly subordinated; in case of reorganization (merger, merger, division, transformation) or liquidation of a state body; 3) during the transfer or delegation of powers and functions from a state body to a local self-government body.
The author proved that the transfer of a civil servant is a change in the place of work and/or work function, which consists of: a) changing the work function to a lower or equivalent position (at the same time, the salary is paid in the amount corresponding to the position to which the transferred employee), as well as in the case of transfer or delegation of powers and functions from a state body to a local self-government body; b) change of place of work – the same state body where the employee works or another state body, including in another area (in another settlement). The transfer of a civil servant is always carried out with the consent of the civil servant and without holding a competition.
The transfer of a civil servant may take place (1) to another equivalent or lower vacant position (2) in the same state body, or to another state body, including in another locality (in another settlement), (3) by decision of the head of the civil service or the destination subject.
Agrarian relations in the field of financial support of agribusiness: novelties and problems of legal support in the conditions of martial law
Authors: Kurman Т. 
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the research of problematic issues of legal support of agrarian relations in the field of financial support of agribusiness in the conditions of martial law and the development of proposals for improving the mechanism of legal regulation in this area. The author focuses on the need to preserve and implement the powerful agricultural potential of Ukraine and counter the threats and losses of martial law, which, in turn, determines the expediency of researching problems and novelties of legal support for agrarian relations in the field of financial support for agribusiness.
The signs of agrarian relations in the field of financial support of agribusiness are determined: an independent type of external agrarian legal relations; a complex agrarian-legal category covering a wide range of relations for providing financial, credit, tax, budgetary, insurance support to agribusiness; they are introduced by the relevant normative legal acts; focus on ensuring the effective development of basic agricultural relations; dynamism caused by permanent changes in the directions of state agrarian policy, etc.
The state of modern legal provision of agrarian relations in the field of financial support of agribusiness has been studied, novelties have been analyzed and problems of legislative regulation of relations in the specified sphere have been identified. It is noted that currently an effective legal mechanism for financial support of agribusiness in the conditions of martial law, aimed at the restoration and sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the post-war period, has not been formed. It is emphasized that an extremely urgent task is the formation of a complete and effective mechanism of legal support of agrarian relations in the field of financial support of agribusiness, as well as the normative introduction of urgent measures of financial support of agribusiness for the purchase of fuel and lubricant materials, seeds, animal feed, generators to ensure the uninterrupted functioning of livestock complexes, places of storage of products in conditions of existing problems with electricity supply, demining of fields and access roads, creation of agricultural food banks, etc. by making appropriate changes to the Law of Ukraine «On State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine».
Structural and substantive reatures of defense codes of foreign countries
Authors: Rusnak Y.I. , Topolnitskiy V.V. , Ostapenko A.I. 
Published: June 2023

The article is intended for the study of the issue of systematization of the laws in the field of defense through its codification. It was found that codification is recognized as the highest level and the most perfect type of systematization of the laws, as a result of which a large number of separate legal acts are replaced by one single, consolidated, updated codified legal act.
The relevance of the problem is substantiated by the presence of a state task defined by the Decree of the President of Ukraine dated November 8, 2019 No. 837 "On urgent measures to carry out reforms and strengthen the state", regarding the need to implement measures to codify the laws in the field of defense.
In order to carry out a complete and thorough study, a comparative and legal review of codified legislative acts in the field of defense of five leading democratic countries of the world: Australia, Canada, Poland, the USA, and France was carried out. Special attention is paid to the structures of defense codes, to the study of the content of their main constituent elements and to the comparison of these constituents, with the aim of identifying similar subjects of regulation, as well as identifying differences.
In the course of the study, it was found that the defense codes of foreign countries have very diverse structures, and also regulate a fairly wide range of issues, both general and specific (for each country). All codes are based on the basic aspects on which the defense policy of every state is formed, and therefore, logically, they can become the basis for building the structure of the defense code of Ukraine.
As a conclusion, it is stated that the result of a complex and high-quality systematization of the laws in the field of defense can be the Defense Code of Ukraine - a unique, innovative and reforming act that will unite all issues related to the preparation of the state for defense and its direct implementation.
International access level to administrative services in electronic format
Authors: Rudanetska O. 
Published: June 2023

The article states that the functioning of public authorities and their provision of services is based on justice and equality. A key criterion for the effectiveness of the governments of modern states is the availability of public services, as this proves whether they are able to adequately respond to the variety of individual and public legal needs, and therefore take care of the creation and adaptation of appropriate content, ensuring proper communication for the dissemination of public information.
It has been established that obstacles to access to public services can be different, for example: geographical distance, inappropriate conditions for users, lack of awareness or use of overly complex wording, inconvenient working hours or organizational difficulties in serving the population. All this can negatively affect the quality of service provision, provoke problems with the legitimacy of the entire apparatus of public authority.
As evidenced by the experience of foreign countries, the economic costs of obtaining a state service and its maintenance can become a significant obstacle to access. This factor can also negatively affect citizens' trust in state institutions.
Therefore, it was established that the key to the availability of public services is their conversion into electronic form. The electronic platform must be inclusive and provide equal access opportunities for all citizens. Therefore, the concept of accessibility in the context of web applications is related to the availability of information for all users, regardless of the technologies and platforms used, sensory and functional capabilities of the user. E-government services should provide mechanisms that will help to overcome traditional physical barriers, that is, to make the administrative services accessible to people with special needs as much as possible.
Certain aspects of improving the participation in the tax legal relations of a natural person who carries out independent professional activities based on analysis of the EU experience
Authors: Sazonova A. 
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to researching the content of the concept of "independent professional activity" in the context of tax legal relations.
The work carried out a comprehensive scientific study on the issues of determining the specifics of the tax-legal status of natural persons engaged in independent professional activity, the specifics of the specified category of persons fulfilling their constitutional obligation to pay taxes and fees, the mechanisms of participation of such persons in ensuring the taxation of other subjects , as well as in the development of recommendations for the improvement of regulatory and legal regulation of the tax-legal status of individuals engaged in independent professional activity, in particular, through the introduction of a special tax regime.
Tax legal relations are always secondary, because they are generated, for example, by civil or labor legal relations. Such relations also include legal relations arising in the course of independent professional activity.
Despite the lively scientific interest in the taxation of individuals, including the self-employed, the actual issue of the tax-legal status of individuals engaged in independent professional activity remains insufficiently researched. In particular, the existing studies either touch on certain aspects of the taxation of natural persons, or are conducted on the basis of legislative acts that have lost their validity as of today.
All this led to the need to generalize the previously obtained developments and build on their basis the theoretical basis for determining the tax-legal status of individuals engaged in independent professional activity.