bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Washability Study using Float-Sink Test Method of Coal from Paludda, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Saputno A , Sufriadin  , Widodo S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
South Sulawesi’s coal quality is still relatively low so that its utilization is still limited, such as for fuel in cement factories and some other local industries. One of the locations for coal deposits in South Sulawesi is in the Paludda area, Pujananting District, Barru Regency. To increase the economic value of low-grade coal, special treatment is needed in the form of beneficiation before the coal is used, one of which is the Float-Sink Test method to separate clean coal from impurities. Coal samples that have been taken from the outcrop are then comminuted to produce a size of 1 to 5 mm. Coal washing was carried out using a mixed heavy liquid of perchloroethylene (1.62 g/cm3) and wash benzene (0.68 g/cm3) and produced a heavy liquid fraction ranging from 1.2 to 1.6 g/cm3. Results based on the washing yield curve, if an ash content below 4% is required, clean coal can be obtained at a fraction of 1.45 g/cm3 with a net coal recovery of up to 94%.
Ductility of Retrofit Column Using Wire Mesh and Self Compacting Concrete Due to Lateral Cyclic Load
Authors: Satar S , Parung H , Amiruddin A A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Poor construction and ductility are the causes of structural damage and failure in earthquakes. Retrofitting is a way of repairing the damage and increasing the ductility of the column. Selection of wire mesh and self-compacting concrete as retrofit material, as it is easy to process and easy to obtain. The test specimen consisted of 3 columns with a size of 300x300 mm, consisting of a control column (KK), a completely retrofitted column (KR-1) and a retrofitted column in the approximate plastic hinge area (KR-2). The samples were cyclically tested based on the displacement control method. The test results show that the retrofitted with wire mesh and self-compacting concrete has a higher ductility value on the approximate plastic hinge area (KR-2). In addition, the retrofitted column has a higher load-bearing capacity than the column that has not been retrofitted.
Literature Review and Conceptual Framework: Sustainability Construction of Implementation in Development of Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Likupang
Authors: Pangemanan D , Latief R U , Arifuddin R , Hamzah S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLikupang is one of the national tourism development areas and has been designated as a special economic zone (SEZ). It makes Likupang as the central development of infrastructure such as: Hotels, Resorts and Private Docks. In the SEZ development, several obstacles were found, including the implementation of sustainable construction regulations based on the Minister of Public Works and Public Housing Number 05/PRT/M/2015. These development activities will certainly cause problems in both economic and environmental aspects when sustainable development management is not carried out. This study is an effort to create infrastructure development by using Sustainable Development Construction Approach that supports the development of the Likupang SEZ. This paper is one of the stages of research that will report the results of literature review and conceptual framework as well as the stages that will be carried out from the research. The research result descriptionis the formulation of the application of model concept of sustainable development which will be input to all stakeholders, both government and private sector, in the development of the Likupang SEZ.
Geological heritage as a basis for geoscience development: A case study of Bentong-Raub Suture in Lojing District, Gua Musang District, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Irfan U R , Langkoke R , Alimuddin I , Bahar A M A , Putra YS A R I A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The research area was completed in the Upper Triassic and is situated in the Bentong-Raub suture zone of the Upper Permian collision zone between the Sibumasu and Indochina plates. Geoheritage must be preserved for educational reasons in order to preserve the geological processes that create different lithologies as well as the geological structures that create distinctive geomorphology. Geological features can be utilized for geotourism and have geoheritage significance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the geoheritage component in the Malaysian Kelantan region of Lojing Gua Musang. The classification of geoheritage is based on factors related to geodiversity, scope, and scale. A minor geodiversity of lithological changes in metamorphic rocks, sediments, and volcanic rocks (as members of chert lithology) represent the structure’s position. The minor geodiversity of lithological changes in metamorphic rocks, sediments, and volcanic rocks (as members of chert lithology), with a score of 4, represents the structure’s location (good). Scientific geosite values, such as the numerous lithologies that characterize the Bentong Raub Suture Lojing region, have a rich geological history that makes them appealing to tourists and researchers.
Coal desulfurization by flotation method
Authors: Nurhawaisyah S R , Jafar N , Bakri S , Widodo S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In general, the combustion of coal containing high sulfur and ash causes negative environmental problems such as acid rain and the emission of oxides of sulfur. Coal flotation is one of the most effective methods for desulfurizing and deashing raw coal with high ash and sulfur contents before burning coal. In this study, a coal sample collected from East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia was subjected to flotation by using diesel oil as collector and pine oil as frother. The experimental results showed that 24% of the total sulfur was eliminated from coal. Also, the calorific value of coal increased from 5,486 cal/g to 5,535.38 cal/g. However, the volatile matter and ash content of coal was eliminated.
Comparative efficiency study of photoanodes in the photocatalytic fuel cell integrated electro-Fenton hybrid system
Authors: Thor Shen-Hui , Ho Li-Ngee , Ong Soon-An , Abidin Che Zulzikrami Azner , Heah Cheng-Yong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Photoanode in photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) plays an important role in the dual chamber PFC integrating electro-Fenton (EF) hybrid system (PFC-EF system) since the photo-excitation process on the photoanode will contribute to the electrons for electricity generation and electro-generation of hydrogen peroxide in EF process. Fabrication of different types of photoanodes were carried out by using anodizing and immobilization method, respectively. The fabrication methods significantly affected the efficiencies of photoanodes in the Amaranth treatment. The characterization of the fabricated photoanodes was carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The immobilized ZnO/Zn photoanode achieved the highest degradation efficiencies in both PFC (80.36%) and EF (86.88%). The immobilized ZnO/Zn photoanode also contributed to the highest power density (4.545 μW cm−2).
The Removal of Dye from Synthetic Wastewater using Hybrid Modified Sugarcane Bagasse-Banana Stem
Authors: Bakar Amalina Amirah Abu , Azmi Nur Fathin Athirah Nor , Daud Nurhidayati Mat , Ali Khairul Ammar Muhammad , Badrealam Sabariah , Hamzah Nurakmal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The potential application of hybrid adsorbents for sugarcane bagasse and banana stem has been explored through the use of a batch adsorption experiment. To ascertain the impact of various dosages and contact times, several experiments were conducted. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to conduct the adsorption analysis. Apart from that, the behaviour and mechanism were analysed utilising the Pseudo-first order and Pseudo-second order kinetic models. The findings reveal that in 100 mL of synthetic dye sample, at an optimal dosage of sugarcane bagasse and banana stem, and at an optimal contact time of 65 minutes, more than 80% of the colour was eliminated. Isotherm models showed that the study was best fitted to Langmuir with a coefficient correlation R2 of 0.9048. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of colour showed that pseudo-second order well-fitted with the coefficient correlation 0.9639, which is bigger than pseudo-first order, 0.4827. Due to the low cost of the media utilised in the study, the hybrid adsorbents of sugarcane bagasse and banana stem have a good potential for colour removal in textile wastewater treatment. As a result, it provides an alternate method of addressing issues associated with an excess of colour in dye wastewater treatment plants.
Evaluation of flue gas desulfurization gypsum as a low-cost precipitant for phosphorus removal from anaerobic digestion effluent filtrate
Authors: Ma Hongzhen , Khalaf Adam , Chen Rui , Wang Zhiguo , Li Yebo , Xu Fuqing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Land application of anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent as a fertilizer is desirable for nutrient recycle, but often supplies excess phosphorus (P), which contributes to surface water eutrophication. Reducing the P content in AD effluent using calcium treatment prior to land application is a potential strategy for improving effluent disposability. In order to solve the problems of low phosphorus removal efficiency and high operating cost in wastewaters, this study took flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum, a by-product of coal-fired power plants, as a low-cost calcium source, and combined with traditional phosphorus removal agents to achieve high phosphorus removal efficiency with less chemical inputs. As the results showed, FGD gypsum dosages of 20 mM Ca (3.44 g/L) and 40 mM Ca (6.89 g/L) removed up to 97.1% of soluble P (initially 102.8 mg/L) within 60-90 minutes. Combining FGD gypsum treatment with traditional chemical treatments using Ca(OH)2 or FeCl3 could achieve >99% P removal with reduced chemical costs. This study demonstrated that FGD gypsum is an effective calcium precipitant for phosphorus removal.
Investigation of a two-dimensional model on Cu2+ recovery in bioemectrochemical system
Authors: Cai Wenfang , Wang Yunhai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A novel microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed to recover Cu2+ from simulated electroplating wastewater. The BES has two chambers separated by a bipolar membrane and two cathodes. To explore the rate controlling step affecting Cu2+ deposition rate, spatial mass distribution and its deposition process during Cu2+ deposition on MFC cathode. A two-dimensional, transient model was built to study the factors that limiting Cu2+ deposition in MFC. We found that the formation of ion scarcity zone would decrease Cu2+ deposition rate, which leading to mass transfer limiting Cu2+ reduction on cathode surface (x=0 m). While near the cathode tip (x=0.02 m), the highest deposition rate and thickness was obtained. Furthermore, diffusion and electro-migration of Cu2+ were synergistic to improve Cu2+ reduction efficiency, and electro-migration of Cu2+ had a great impact on Cu2+ transferring from electrolyte domain to electrode surface. This research provided a new studying direction for heavy metal wastewater treatment and metal separation and recovery in the electroplating industry to improve metal ions deposition rate.
Effect of operating conditions on phosphorus recovery from acidified plant oil wastewater by struvite crystallization
Authors: Xu Guangyu , Ren Jie , Cui Kai , Guo Kun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStruvite crystallization is an effective method for recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, and the operating parameters are crucial to the efficient phosphorus removal and struvite crystallization. In this study, the effects of pH, N-P ratio and Mg-P ratio on the phosphorus recovery from acidified plant oil wastewater were investigated. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions were pH 10, N-P ratio 1.1:1, and Mg-P ratio 1:1. Under the optimized operational conditions, 88.1% of the total phosphorus was removed from the wastewater. The XRD and SEM-EDS results indicated that the precipitate was struvite.
Assessment of Reservoir Sedimentation and Mitigation Measures using 2D Hydrodynamic Modeling: Case Study of Pandanduri Reservoir, Indonesia
Authors: Zulfan J , Ginting B M , Rimawan R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the accumulated sediment in the Pandanduri Reservoir, Indonesia with a storage capacity of 27 million m3 was evaluated and estimated by means of a 2D numerical model (MIKE 21 FM). This model was employed to simulate the sediment transport along the river into the reservoir with a total modeled area of 3.15 km2 and 5 km of the tributary river. The field measurement and sediment sampling in the tributary river were conducted in order to analyze the sediment parameters and later used for the calibration of the numerical model. According to the computational results, the current sedimentation rate was 53,075 m3/year, which came from the main tributary river (Suradadi River). One of the proposed alternatives was to design a check dam structure downstream of the Suradadi River so that the sediment transport continuity could be interrupted, thus reducing the river sedimentation rate. Based on the numerical results, adding a check dam upstream of the reservoir could reduce the sedimentation rate of up to 30%. Therefore, the reservoir sedimentation rate reached 34,690 m3/year due to the sediment trapping at the upstream river. The 2D model also showed the sedimentation pattern in the reservoir, where most of the sediment accumulated in the middle of the reservoir near the spillway. In conclusion, it is recommended to combine the check dam structure with mechanical excavation and flushing to eliminate the deposited sediment and increase the reservoir lifetime.
Modeling and visualization of the changes of flow in the modular paver using ANSYS FLUENT
Authors: Salwa M Z M , Amirah A S N , Kamarudzaman A N , Hassan Z , Zainol Noor Ainee , Makhtar Muaz Mohd Zaini , Mahyun A W 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Increasing quantity of stormwater runoff is natural but problematic consequences of urbanization. In addressing the issue, the porous pavement usage with modular installation system has been the new alternative being experimented instead of the traditional impervious asphalt and concrete pavers. The effectiveness of porous pavement depends upon the media materials used. This study examined the potentials of an invented surface fill arrangement to be used in conjunction with the hexagonal modular system where the media tested consists of granular activated carbon (GAC), sand and zeolite. The resulting optimum bed heights of 5 cm, 5 cm and 0 cm respectively for the GAC, sand and zeolite, corroborated with the outcome of employing the optimization function, thus validating the reliability of the given arrangement. Modeling using CFD ANSYS FLUENT software and visualizing the changes in the hexagonal module filled with GAC and sand of 5 cm thickness each resulted in a flow velocity of 3.5 x 10−5 m/s while a physical experiment on the fixed filter bed media consisting of the two materials gave an unsaturated velocity of 3.08 x 10−5 m/s. The 12 % difference between the experimental and simulated velocities was considered acceptable. The results showed that GAC and sand can be used as the media for the modular paver system that treats stormwater for heavy metals contamination while serving as a practical porous pavement alternative.
Analysis of water pollution problem Belawan waters
Authors: Pane Yunita , Ridwan Fahmi Muhammad , Hassan Zulkarnain , Sembiring Desi Sri Pasca Sari 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Indoor This study was conducted to determine water pollution conditions and pollutants entering Belawan waters. Exploration research methods are carried out about water pollution in Belawan of Indonesia. Data on pollution in Belawan is categorized as polluted where the average level of lead-heavy metal in the body of blood clams in Belawan coastal waters reaches 0.042 ppm, the analysis results of Pb metal in Belawan waters in the Electric Steam Power Plant (PLTU) area (24, 12 ppm), mangroves (26.91), and the area around fishermen (11.18 ppm), all of which have passed the quality standard threshold. Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control related to Pb Quality Standard based on the attachment of PP no 82 of 2001 is Pb < 0.1 mg/L. The content of COD and BOD in water was studied to describe the amount of organic matter dissolved in the water, in the study stated that COD and BOD are indicators to determine water quality. The physical and chemical conditions of Belawan waters are still in the feasible category, measured from Ph, BOD, and DO which are still within the proper limit, this is because the ecosystem and natural habitat are still in balance, then seen from the high diversity of macrozoobenthos, it can be said that polluted with medium-high categorized in Belawan waters.
Potential of pretreated palm kernel shell on pyrolysis
Authors: Ahmad R , Santiagoo R , Ahmad A.G , Mohammed S.A , Wan Ahmad W.A.M , Vijean V , Ibrahim N.R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The impact of pretreatment on palm kernel shell (PKS) with torrefaction for the possibility of pyrolysis is discussed in this study. PKS samples were torrefied at different holding times of 30 and 60 minutes at temperatures of 200, 225, 250, 275, and 300 °C. In a fixed-bed reactor with a constant nitrogen flow rate of 500 ml/min, torrefaction pretreatment was carried out. The elemental composition, mass, and energy yield, as well as proximate analysis, were all performed on the pretreated PKS. The optimised pretreated PKS was pyrolyzed next at a temperature of 400 to 550 °C in a fixed-bed reactor. The outcomes demonstrated that the pretreated PKS had a significant mass and energy yield at a temperature of 250 °C and a holding time of 30 min. PKS’s calorific value and carbon content both rose after pretreatment. However, the oxygen and moisture content decreased for pretreated PKS. The maximum bio-oil production of 58% was achieved during the pyrolysis of pretreated PKS at a temperature of 500 °C. At higher temperature of 550 °C, the bio-oil decreased due to secondary cracking reaction. Consequently, the pretreated PKS has greater potential as effective feedstock for successive proses particularly pyrolysis for bio-oil production.
Microbial Fuel Cell as New Renewable Energy for Simultaneous Waste Bioremediation and Energy Recovery
Authors: Zamri Muhammad Lutfan Aiman , Makhtar Salwa Mohd Zaini , Sobri Mohamad Farhan Mohamad , Makhtar Muaz Mohd Zaini 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an outstanding technology recently creating the headlines relating to energy and environment field that been discovered since the earlier 20th century. It has been furthered implemented for energy renewable through simultaneous bioremediation of wastes. MFC works by converting chemical energy store in the waste into electrical energy with the help of selected microorganisms. Regarding to this, the principle of bioremediation was applied using MFC as the renewable energy where the microorganisms consume the substrate thus generating electrical energy. Many studies done by researches are mostly focusing on MFC utilizing waste and measuring the power generation on different type of MFC but lack of studies on the effect of series and parallel circuit in MFC setup and how does it differentiate the outcome of the studies. This paper reviews the history, working principle, design of MFC, classification of different substrates and its power output and the effect of series and parallel circuit of MFC setup for simultaneous bioremediation and energy recovery.
Influence of Torrefaction on Sewage Sludge
Authors: Ahmad R , Ahmad A.G , Mohammed S.A , Wan Ahmad W.A.M , Vijean V , Santiagoo R , Ibrahim N.R , Udin N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) from sewage treatment plants has been seen as a waste for decades and little attention to investigate the potential and its beneficial product. SS contain a large amount of recoverable energy; however, it has high moisture, ash, heavy metals, and organic contents. Thus, the goal of this research is to use torrefaction to produce upgraded or torrefied SS. The proximate and ultimate analysis was used to determine the physical and chemical characteristic of raw SS. Torrefaction was performed through inert atmosphere in fixed bed reactor. According to the findings, at torrefaction temperature of 300 °C, torrefaction had improved the quality of raw SS, increasing its fixed carbon content by 47.8%, and its moisture content by 61.3%. The optimum temperature for torrefaction was at 300 °C with holding time of 60 minutes. This study improved the quality of sewage sludge to be utilised in subsequent thermochemical conversion.
Numerical analysis on the effect of the intermediate diaphragm on the concrete bridge to the acceleration and frequency under moving load
Authors: Kamal Ir. Wan Ikram Wajdee Wan Ahmad , Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal , Padil Khairul Hazman , Umar Sarehati , Lee Han-Seung , Singh Jitendra Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For the goal of construction simplicity, when considering the addition of an intermediate diaphragm (ID) to the bridge deck construction, particularly for beam-to-slab bridges, the majority of engineers were found to be passive. This took place as a result of the perception that ID does not significantly contribute to improving structural capacity, particularly for bridge deck structures and structurally as a whole. The constructability issue now is also playing an issue for this beam-to-slab bridge, which has been thought to slow down the construction speed since its location in the middle of the span is an unsupported region, which makes it a bit difficult to fix and cast both reinforcement and concrete. As a result of the omittance of ID, adverse impacts have taken place on the beam slab bridge, particularly on the medium span where moderate vibration has been triggered, which is categorized as minor resonance due to traffic crossing, primarily big trucks being loaded, on the bridge deck itself. The results of the numerical study using Abaqus software, it was revealed that the presence of ID improved the vibration level in terms of acceleration and natural frequency, resulting in significant improvements in riding comfort.
Determination on The Optimum Percentage of Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite (RECC) as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Mortar
Authors: Jafri N , Rosli M I F , Ghani K D A , Aziz A Abdul , Zakaria N , Md Zahir S Sharih 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study aims to determine the optimal percentage of Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite (RECC) as fine aggregate replacement in mortar. Various percentages of crumb rubber with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% are used as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. The mortar was subjected to a compressive strength test to evaluate crumb rubber strength performance with varying percentages. The mortar specimen was examined to determine the optimal percentages of Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) containing variable percentages of crumb rubber as a partial fine aggregate replacement for 7, 14, and 28 days. The compressive strength test was used until the ECC failed. This study has been carried out using 54 sample mortar cubes with 50 mm cube specimen sizes. As a result, of increased crumb rubber addition into ECC, the compressive strength was significantly reduced, which could be attributed to the low stiffness of crumb rubber and the expanded closing pores in the cement paste. The performance of RECC as a mortar improves in terms of energy dissipation and ductility as used in the compressive strength test. The optimal percentage of crumb rubber as replacement partial fine aggregate is 5%.