bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of different doses of intrathecal buprenorphine with 0.75% hyperbaric ropivacaine in caesarean section patients
Authors: Parashi Veena Hrishikesh , Badole Usha 
Published: January 2025

: Spinal anesthesia (SA) is widely considered the preferred technique for performing Cesarean sections (CS) due to its safety and effectiveness. The present study aimed to evaluate the benefits of combining Buprenorphine with hyperbaric Ropivacaine for SA in CS and to identify the optimal dose of Buprenorphine that provides the best balance between enhanced analgesia and minimal side effects.: This prospective, randomized, single-blind study included 150 patients undergoing elective Cesarean section. Participants were randomly assigned into three groups (n=50 each). Group A received 1.9 ml (14.25 mg) of 0.75% hyperbaric Ropivacaine combined with 30 μg of Buprenorphine. Group B received 1.8 ml (13.5 mg) of 0.75% hyperbaric Ropivacaine with 60 μg of Buprenorphine, while Group C (control group) received 2 ml (15 mg) of 0.75% hyperbaric Ropivacaine without Buprenorphine. The primary outcomes measured were the onset time and duration of sensory and motor blocks. Secondary outcomes included the duration of postoperative analgesia and neonatal safety, which was assessed using the APGAR scoring method. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the t-test to compare the efficacy and safety across groups.The addition of Buprenorphine significantly accelerated the onset of sensory block in both Group A (1.49 ± 0.40 minutes) and Group B (1.92 ± 0.63 minutes), compared to the control Group C (4.94 ± 0.90 minutes). The duration of sensory block was also prolonged in Groups A (4.34 ± 0.24 hours) and B (4.55 ± 0.38 hours) compared to Group C (2.10 ± 0.18 hours). Group B, which received the higher dose of Buprenorphine (60 μg), exhibited the longest duration of analgesia with no observed neonatal side effects according to the APGAR scores.The addition of Buprenorphine to hyperbaric Ropivacaine for spinal anesthesia in Cesarean sections enhances anesthetic efficacy by accelerating the onset and extending the duration of sensory and motor blocks. The use of 60 μg Buprenorphine provided the greatest duration of postoperative analgesia without compromising neonatal outcomes. These findings support the use of Buprenorphine as an effective adjuvant in spinal anesthesia for Cesarean deliveries.
Comparison between general anesthesia and thoracic spinal anesthesia in total laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Singhal Geetanjali , Choudhary Ruchika , Choudhary Pooja 
Published: January 2025

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is typically performed under general anesthesia (GA). However, thoracic spinal anesthesia (TSA) may serve as a valuable alternative, especially for high-risk patients. This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of GA and TSA in patients undergoing TLH.Sixty patients scheduled for elective TLH were randomized into group T (TSA) and group G (GA) of thirty patients each. Group G received conventional GA with intubation and mechanical ventilation while group T received TSA (sub-arachnoid block at T8/9 or T9/10 with hyperbaric levo-bupivacaine 0.5%, 0.7ml along with dexmedetomidine 4µg followed by isobaric levo-bupivacaine 0.5% 1.5 ml with dexmedetomidine 6µg µg in sitting position).Our primary aim was to compare the hemodynamic variations and secondary aim was to compare intra-operative and post-operative adverse effects and requirement of rescue analgesia between the two techniques. All 60 patients were analyzed for study. Group T patients showed greater hemodynamic stability with notably significant differences in mean SBP between the two groups after 30 minutes (at 40 minutes p=0.043, at 60 minutes p=0.007). The patients requiring rescue analgesia were significantly more in group G. Adverse events like intra-operative hypertension and post operative sore throat were more in group G.TSA provides a safe alternative to GA for TLH with better hemodynamic stability, fewer side effects and lesser requirement of rescue analgesia.
Prospective observational study on antibiotic sensitivity of endotracheal tip cultures in ICU patients
Authors: Srivastava Abhay , Khanduja Deepika , Arora Ankit , Trivedi Bhavya , Arora Vishal 
Published: January 2025

: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a significant challenge in intensive care units (ICUs), often associated with high mortality rates. Understanding antibiotic resistance patterns is crucial for effective treatment and preventing the spread of resistant pathogens. This study aimed to characterize the demographic profiles of patients with VAP in an ICU setting. Assess the prevalence of various pathogens and their antibiotic resistance patterns. Evaluate the impact of gender, comorbidities, and mechanical ventilation duration on clinical outcomes. : A prospective observational study was conducted on mechanically ventilated patients with suspected VAP in an ICU. Endotracheal tip cultures were collected for microbiological analysis, including Gram staining, culture, and antibiotic sensitivity testing. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were recorded.: The study included 50 patients with a mean age of 55 ± 12 years. The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.0%), and Staphylococcus aureus (21.4%). Antibiotic resistance was observed for Ampicillin (80%), Ceftriaxone (80%), and Ciprofloxacin (80%). Gender-specific differences were found in comorbidity prevalence (e.g., hypertension: 53.6% in males, 45.5% in females) and antibiotic sensitivity (e.g., higher sensitivity to gentamicin and vancomycin among females). Clinical outcomes varied based on patient characteristics and mechanical ventilation duration (e.g., shorter ventilation durations had more diverse outcomes, while longer durations showed higher recovery rates).: This study highlights the prevalence of VAP and the challenges associated with antibiotic resistance in ICU patients. The findings underscore the importance of tailored antibiotic therapy and the need for ongoing surveillance to combat the spread of resistant pathogens. Further research is necessary to elucidate the complex factors influencing clinical outcomes and inform improved treatment strategies.
Height to thyromental distance ratio and height to sternomental distance ratio comparison as difficult airway predictors: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Agrawal Anushri , Pal Rashmi , Valecha Deepali , Banjare Manish 
Published: January 2025

: Difficult airway management is a critical concern in anesthesiology, contributing significantly to perioperative morbidity and mortality. Preoperative evaluation using predictive parameters like the Height-to-Thyromental Distance (RHTMD) ratio and the Height-to-Sternomental Distance (RHSMD) ratio aids in identifying patients at risk of difficult intubation. This study aimed to compare RHTMD and RHSMD as predictors of difficult airways in patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia.: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 patients undergoing elective surgeries under general anesthesia. Airway assessments included measurements of Thyromental Distance (TMD), Sternomental Distance (SMD), RHTMD, RHSMD, weight, and height. Direct laryngoscopy was performed using a Macintosh blade by an anesthetist with over three years of experience, and the Cormack-Lehane grade was recorded. Institutional anesthesia protocols were uniformly applied. Using the Cormack-Lehane grade as the reference standard, RHTMD demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 97.7%, and accuracy of 96.67%. RHSMD showed a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 95.5%, and accuracy of 94%.: The Height-to-Thyromental Distance ratio was found to be a more sensitive, specific, and accurate predictor of difficult airways compared to the Height-to-Sternomental Distance ratio. Combining both parameters further improved the predictive reliability, emphasizing the need for an integrated assessment approach in airway evaluation.
Condiciones referenciales del manglar del estero salado en la ciudad de Guayaquil
Authors: Quevedo Pinos Olga Laurmania , Revelo Ramírez Willan Enrique 
Published: January 2025

Se analizaron documentos generados en el 2012 sobre los remanentes de manglar de la reserva El Salado de la ciudad de Guayaquil – Ecuador, donde se rescata el componente: Flora con urbe, así como otras fuentes nacionales que han producido información sobre el mencionado ecosistema. Se revisó sistemáticamente publicaciones nacionales e instrumentos legales que se han empleado para la conservación de los manglares. El manglar del Estero Salado fue delimitado en tres zonas de estudio, se presentaron las técnicas de campo, y el estadístico utilizado. Los resultados por zonas de estudio se diferencian por su diversidad, dominancia y abundancia. La zona I corresponde a la parte interior de la ciudad de Guayaquil, con manglar reducido a franjas, en superficies aproximadas entre 2 a 3 m respecto a la orilla, la zona II reflejó valores alto respecto al Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI). La Zona III se encuentra alejada de los asentamientos humanos, por lo que mantiene las mejores condiciones del bosque con dominancia de las especies Rhizophora. harrisonii y R. mangle. El estrés afecta a las especies que están presentes en 22,5% de las 40 estaciones analizadas, y los insectos en 70% en Rhizophora sp. y Laguncularia racemosa. El estado de las franjas de manglar de la reserva El Salado en la urbe guayaquileña constituye el primer inventario florístico de hace más de una década, y las condiciones en las que se encuentra actualmente no han cambiado, se necesita implementar acciones políticas puntuales para su recuperación.
Estudio técnico para la producción de gelatina a base de escamas de pescado en la Ciudad de Portoviejo
Authors: Cedeño Campuzano Maria Gabriela , Samiento Mom Juan Diego , Álava Cedeño María Paola , Anchundia Loor Andrés Miguel , Minaya Hernández Jose Mario , Carvajal Palma Erick Steven 
Published: January 2025

La presente investigación se da en efecto frente al desarrollo económico que implican cambios en las ciudades y por las necesidades que existen en el Cantón, siendo Crucita el lugar estratégico para demandar inversión de maquinarias, mano de obra, materia prima, terreno y construcción por un total de $117 434, mencionado esto, se planteó como objetivo la realización de un estudio técnico para la producción de gelatina a base de escamas de pescado en la ciudad de Portoviejo. La investigación a utilizar fue de tipo descriptiva y no experimental, se utilizó una metodología teórica, empírica y matemática que permitió el desarrollo del estudio propuesto. La capacidad instalada para el desarrollo de la elaboración de la gelatina a base de escamas de pescado será de 500 libras por semana. Mediante la aplicación del instrumento de técnica de encuesta que fue dirigida a 385 participantes del Cantón Portoviejo, incluyendo la aplicación de entrevistas hacia artesanos pesqueros, se llegó a obtener los resultados, indicando que el 91% de los encuestados muestran interés en uno de los productos a considerar, con una presentación de los envases de 400 gr a un precio de $2,50, por otro lado, se tiene la posibilidad de ampliar la demanda y producción a nivel nacional, por esta razón, el estudio presenta una visión completa y sólida de la viabilidad de la creación de la planta procesadora de gelatina a base de escamas de pescado, aportando grandes oportunidades en el mercado, tanto laboral, económico como a nivel de industria.
The use of the developed combined fixator for comminuted fracture of the olecranon. Clinical case
Authors: Evdokimov R. S. , Ivashkin A. N. , Ivkov A. V. 
Published: January 2025

Relevance. In modern traumatology, the most common methods of surgical treatment of fractures of the ulnar process are osteosynthesis with platinum and osteosynthesis with spokes and wire according to Weber, however, there are fractures in which none of these methods is optimal. In this clinical case, we consider a patient with a comminuted fracture of the ulnar process and the use of a developed metal fixator in order to improve the treatment outcomes of patients with this type of fracture.Clinical Case Description. In the presented clinical case, we consider a 49-year-old patient with a comminuted fracture of the ulnar process resulting from a fall. After a standard X-ray examination and preparation. The patient underwent osteosynthesis of the left olecranon with an intramedullary pin with a metaphysical pad. Physical therapy was allowed on the first day after osteosynthesis. During the follow-up, for 12 months, the patient showed good and excellent results according to the clinical and instrumental control data.Conclusion. According to the results of 12 months of follow-up, it can be stated that the proposed metal fixator performed well, the patient completely returned to everyday life and does not experience any difficulties when playing sports. Taking into account the small thickness of the metaphysical adjustment, only 2 mm, the patient does not experience discomfort when loading the area of surgery. The use of this implant expands the operational capabilities of a modern traumatologist, and also has a number of advantages compared to other implants, such as reducing the size of surgical access, early timing of the start of active development of movements in the elbow joint.
Mitigating ion flux vortex enables reversible metal electrodeposition
Authors: He Guanjie , Dai Yuhang , Du Wenjia , Dong Haobo , Gao Xuan , Su Chang , Paul Partha , Lukic Bratislav , Zhang Chengyi , Ye Chumei , Li Jinghao , Zong Wei , Li Jianwei , Liu Yiyang , Rack Alexander , Mai Liqiang , Shearing Paul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Metal anodes hold considerable promise for high-energy-density batteries but are fundamentally limited by electrochemical irreversibility caused by uneven metal deposition and dendrite formation, which compromise battery lifespan and safety. The chaotic ion flow (or ion flux vortex) near the electrode surface, driving these instabilities, has remained elusive due to limitations in conventional techniques such as scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, which are invasive and incapable of probing internal structures of deposits. Here, we employ in-situ X-ray computed tomography to non-destructively visualize Zn deposition on LAPONITE-coated Zn anodes, providing insights into internal structural evolution and deposition orientation. Combined with computational fluid dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the LAPONITE coating, with its separated positive and negative charge centers, suppresses ionic vortex formation, guiding uniform, dense, and vertically aligned Zn growth along (100) plane, thereby significantly mitigating dendrite growth. This translates into a 3.54-Ah Zn-MnO2 pouch cell with stable performance over 100 cycles, offering a viable path toward scalable, high-performance metal-anode batteries.
Systematic Literature Review on the Immediate Effects of Caffeine on Athletes' Sports Performance
Authors: Lu YuChen , Wang Cheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Research objective: This article aims to systematically summarize recent studies on the effects of caffeine on athletes' athletic performance, with a focus on exploring the mechanism of caffeine's action and the lack of empirical research. The goal is to provide a reference for domestic athle tes to use caffeine as a sports supplement, and to provide suggestions for future research.
Method: By searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed databases for 417 empirical research articles on caffeine and exercise performance from August 2019 to August 2024, a systematic review was conducted to select 40 eligible articles. Analyze the specific impact of caffeine on exercise performance based on multiple di mensions such as sample information, caffeine intake, and test items.
Results: The study found that the positive effects of caffeine on athletic performance have been validated in multiple fields such as strength, endurance, specialized physical and psychological abilities. Among them, the positive impact of strength performance accounts for 75%, endurance performance accounts for 75%, and sensitivity performance shows a negative impact of 20%. The vast majority of studies focus on male athletes aged 20-25 with training experience, and the commonly used caffeine intake is 3 or 6mg/kg. Most studies choose to let participants rest for 60 minutes after intake for testing.
Conclusion: The research results show that although the number of empirical studies on the impact of caffeine on exercise performance is stable both do mestically and internationally, the sample selection is biased towards the 20-25 age group, and the exploration scope still needs to be expanded. It is suggested that future research can consider a wider range of exercise programs and populat ions, while conducting in-depth studies on the effects of different caffeine intake and combinations on various types of exercise performance, in order to improve caffeine supplementation plans and reduce potential negative effects .
Comparative Efficacy of MLS Laser, ESWT, and Exercise Therapy on Plantar Fasciitis Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: KİREZ İbrahim Ethem , ÖZCAN Didem Sezgin , ÜŞEN Ahmet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common cause of heel pain in adults. This study aimed to assess the effects of exercise, Multiwave locked system (MLS) laser, and extracorporeal shock wave (ESWT) treatments on pain, functionality, and quality of life (QoL) in PF patients, and to compare the effectiveness of these treatments.
Methods
Sixty patients diagnosed with PF were randomized into three groups: exercise therapy alone, exercise plus MLS laser therapy, and exercise plus ESWT. Patients were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), foot ankle outcome score (FAOS), foot function index (FFI), heel tenderness index (HTI), and a fall risk analysis before and one month after treatment.
Results
All groups showed significant improvements in VAS, HTI, FAOS, FFI, and fall risk scores. The laser group demonstrated more improvement in FFI-pain, FFI-total, FAOS-work-daily life, and FAOS-sports-recreation compared to the exercise group. The ESWT group showed more improvement in VAS, HTI, FFI-pain, FFI-total, and FAOS-sports-recreation compared to the exercise group. There was no significant difference between the laser and ESWT groups.
Conclusions
In conclusion, exercise, exercise with MLS laser, and exercise with ESWT treatments all reduced pain and improved functionality and QoL in PF patients. ESWT and MLS laser therapies, when combined with exercise, provided better overall improvements than exercise alone. Both are cost-effective, accessible, and non-invasive treatment options that can be safely used for PF.
Impact of Respiratory syncytial virus on Streptococcus pneumoniae Resistance to β-Lactam Antibiotics: An Investigative Study in children
Authors: Li Lu , Wan Yushun , Wang Yuncheng , Tao Ye , Long Xiao , Liu Enmei , Deng Yu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
To investigate the interaction between the glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pn), as well as the influence of RSV on S.pn resistance to β-lactam antibiotics.
Methods
The interaction between the G protein and/or F protein of RSV and PBPs of S.pn was investigated using protein docking and pull-down assays. RSV and S.pn were co-incubated in vitro, and bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics was assessed. The study included children hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2012 to 2021 with a clinical diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (aged 1 to 59 months, with nasopharyngeal aspirates positive for S.pn and/or RSV). Retrospective analyzed the bacterial antibiotic susceptibility testing data.
Results
Protein docking results indicated that the binding affinity between the G protein and/or F protein and PBPs was relatively low. Further pull-down assays confirmed the binding between the G protein and/or F protein and PBP1a was none significant. Following co-incubation with RSV, S.pn did not exhibit increased resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Analysis of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility test data from 2012 to 2021 revealed that the resistance rate of S.pn to penicillin co-detected with RSV to penicillin was significantly higher compared to the control group (2.8% vs. 40.9%, 2.8% vs. 30.4%, and 6.2% vs. 38.6%, respectively; all p < 0.001) in 2012, 2017, and 2018. In contrast, no significant differences were found in the resistance rates to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, cefepime, and meropenem between the groups (all p > 0.05).
Conclusions
RSV plays a minimal role in the antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to β-lactam antibiotics. However, patients co-infected with RSV and bacteria are at an increased risk of developing drug-resistant infections, particularly exhibiting higher resistance rates to β-lactam antibiotics such as amoxicillin and cephalosporins.
Significance of ectopic intrathyroidal thymic tissue detected on Ultrasound in different paediatric age groups: a proposed classification to guide investigation and management
Authors: Jeffery Hannah , Bosch Karen D , Brain Caroline , Kurzawinski Tom , Beale Tim , Kowa Xin-Ying , Abdel-Aziz Tarek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Ectopic aberrant thymic tissue is most commonly found in the thyroid gland and is increasingly found incidentally due to widespread use of ultrasound. Correct identification of this benign pathology on ultrasound can avoid the morbidity associated with fine needle aspiration (FNA) and anxiety associated with a possible cancer diagnosis.
Methods
A case series of 21 children found to have likely intrathyroidal thymic tissue on ultrasound scan of the neck between 2013 and 2024 at University College London Hospital.
Results
21 children aged between six months and ten years old, 52% male and 48% female. The scans were performed following referral for a neck lump or cervical lymphadenopathy (N = 15), sore throat/cough (N = 4) pre-thyroidectomy scan for a Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2 patient (N = 1), and post cystic hygroma excision routine scan (N = 1). These well-defined hypoechoic foci ranged in size from 3mm to 14mm and direct comparison to normal thymic tissue was possible in 19/21 (90%). Three patients (14%) went on to have FNA to rule out papillary thyroid cancer (PTC); other cases had interval scans at median six months to confirm stable appearances.
Conclusions
All patients in our study with intrathyroidal ectopic thymic tissue were younger than 10 years. We suggest a tailored management approach based on the age at presentation, presence of clear thymic tissue for comparison and past/family history. Given that it is unlikely for such tissue to be present in older children, an FNA would be recommended to exclude underlying thyroid cancer in children over 14 years.