bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in retinal diseases
Authors: Zhang Hongbing , Zhang Xianjiao , Li Hongsong , Wang Bing , Chen Pei , Meng Jiamin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a multifunctional cytokine, is secreted by various cells and participates in inflammatory reactions, including innate and adaptive immunity. There are some evidences that MIF is involved in many vitreoretinal diseases. For example, MIF can exacerbate many types of uveitis; measurements of MIF levels can be used to monitor the effectiveness of uveitis treatment. MIF also alleviates trauma-induced and glaucoma-induced optic nerve damage. Furthermore, MIF is critical for retinal/choroidal neovascularization, especially complex neovascularization. MIF exacerbates retinal degeneration; thus, anti-MIF therapy may help to mitigate retinal degeneration. MIF protects uveal melanoma from attacks by natural killer cells. The mechanism underlying the effects of MIF in these diseases has been demonstrated: it binds to cluster of differentiation 74, inhibits the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, and triggers mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway. MIF also upregulates Toll-like receptor 4 and activates the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway. This review focuses on the structure and function of MIF and its receptors, including the effects of MIF on uveal inflammation, retinal degeneration, optic neuropathy, retinal/choroidal neovascularization, and uveal melanoma.
Prevalence and determinants of oral potentially malignant disorders in rural areas of South India
Authors: Jose Christa , Medappa B. K. Akash , Fareed Nusrath , Afshana T. A. , Battur Hemanth , Praveena Jaseela 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Oral potentially malignant disorders are associated with a risk of undergoing malignant transformation and a concomitant increase in morbidity and mortality. Moreover, epidemiological studies, especially from rural areas, are important in assessing their prevalence and the identification of determinants of these disorders so that preventive strategies can be employed in tackling them.

Methods:
Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted based on guidelines of the World Health Organization’s Guide Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Oral Mucosal Disease and Conditions 1995 in rural areas of south India.

Results:
Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) in the studied population was 13.28%, with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) accounting to 6.21% and erythroplakia at 1.3%. Regression analysis revealed, age 40–54 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.8, confidence interval [CI] at 95%–1.5–4.0, P < 0.05), lower socioeconomic groups (OR = 2.1, CI at 95%–1.4–3.1, P < 0.05), habits (OR = 3.2, CI at 95%–1.9–3.8, P < 0.05), smoke form of tobacco-beedi (OR = 2.5, CI at 95%–1.6–2.8, P < 0.05), smokeless form of tobacco-areca nut lime and leaf and tobacco (OR = 3.1, CI at 95%–1.9–3.4, P < 0.05) to be the possible determinants for OPMDs.

Conclusions:
The overall prevalence of OPMDs in the studied population was 13.28%. The most common OPMDs were OSMF. Identified determinants were age, socioeconomic group, ethnicity, diet, body mass index, and associated harmful habits.
Safety and efficacy of oral pilocarpine in radiation-induced xerostomia in oropharyngeal carcinoma patients
Authors: Kaur Harkirat , Banipal Raja Paramjeet Singh , Singh Harminder , Sonik Yasmeen Atwal , Sandhu Snehpreet Kaur 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Patients with head-and-neck cancers can develop salivary gland hypofunction after radiotherapy. Oral pilocarpine has been shown to be effective treatment for radiation-induced xerostomia, although its usefulness is being discussed.

Aims:
We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of oral pilocarpine in radiation-induced xerostomia.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma were planned for radiotherapy and divided into two arms randomly: Arm A (30 patients) received oral pilocarpine and Arm B (30 patients) received placebo tablets for 12 weeks after 3 months of completion of radiotherapy. Salivary gland scintigraphy and xerostomia questionnaire (XQ) were obtained from each patient at baseline and at 3 and 6 months of completion of radiotherapy.

Results:
There was a marked decrease in uptake ratio (UR) and excretion fraction (EF) after 3 months of completion of radiotherapy. There was a statistically significant difference between both the arms in relation to UR, but no significant difference was observed between the two arms in relation to EF after 6 months of completion of radiotherapy. A statistically significant difference was found comparing the XQ results in both the arms. The XQ results did not correlate with salivary gland dysfunction observed by means of salivary scintigraphy. Adverse effects due to xerostomia were generally mild and occasionally of moderate severity.

Conclusion:
The use of oral pilocarpine did not significantly improve salivary gland excretory function, despite better results on salivary uptake at 6 months. However, oral pilocarpine significantly improved symptoms of xerostomia with minor side effects that were predominantly limited to sweating.
Burns Depression Scale Today (BDST): A validation study of BDST against the reference standard of PHQ-9
Authors: Matthew Carolyn , Dahle Nina , Roskvist Rachel , Moir Fiona , Arroll Bruce 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Case finding for low mood is essential in primary care, but it is time-consuming using current depression inventories. The Burns Depression Scale Today (BDST) is a short, simple inventory which assesses mood for today, and we aimed to validate it in this study.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive patients with emotional distress seen in a single primary care clinic by one of the authors over 22 months were eligible for this retrospective audit (N = 160). Multiple visits (N = 421) from the same patient were included in the study. The index test was BDST, which assesses the patient’s mood for today. The reference standard was the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), which assesses mood over the past 2 weeks. PHQ-9 had a cut-off point of ≥10 and BDST had a cut-off point of ≥6 for a significant mood issue.

Results:
The median age of patients was 35 years, and 63% of the cohort were women. The median BDST score was 8, indicative of moderately low mood, and the median PHQ-9 score was 15, indicative of moderately severe depression. For patients with a BDST score ≥6, the likelihood ratio of a positive test was 2.67. The sensitivity was 85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 89%–96%) and the specificity was 68% (95% CI: 60%–76%). The area under the curve was 84% (95% CI: 80%–87%).

Conclusion:
This audit validates BDST against PHQ-9 and finds it an excellent case-finding tool compared to PHQ-9. This is the first validation study of BDST.
Immediate loaded mini-implant in children and its effect on quality of life
Authors: Abozena Nora I. , Elhendawy Fatma A. , El Dein Ahmed M. Alam 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Missing anterior teeth due to trauma or congenital missing is a dental handicap affecting child aesthetic, phonetics, function and quality of life (QoL). Traditional management includes removable partial denture, resin bonded bridge, auto-transplant, and closure of the space orthodontically. Implants are the ideal solution for missing teeth but we have to wait until the end of growth. Mini-implant gives a promising future for these cases as they guard to loss of bone and space, restore function and aesthetic and improves QoL.

Aim
Evaluate clinically and radiographically mini-implant in a group of children, and evaluate the effect of the mini-implant on the QoL for those children.

Patients and methods
Fifteen children aged from 11–13 with missing anterior teeth were selected for the study, mini-implants were inserted by the flapless technique, immediately loaded with ceramic fused to metal crown. Evaluation was made by Modified Gingival Index, probing depth, periotest mobility and marginal bone loss by standardized periapical radiograph every 6 months for 2 years and oral health impact profile questioner was taken before and after insertion of the mini-implant.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in the Modified Gingival Index, probing depth, periotest mobility and marginal bone loss along 24 months follow up, while the QoL questioner revealed statistically significant difference before and after insertion of the mini-implant.

Conclusion
Mini-implant is a successful promising solution for missing anterior teeth in children up to 11 years, but careful study of the case and follow up until the end of growth to re-evaluate the case to either maintain the mini-implant or change it to an implant of appropriate size.
Prevalence of sleep bruxism and associated factors in Tanta preschool children
Authors: Hafeza Salma A.S. , El-Bayoumi Mohamed H. , Abu Hamila Nahed A.M. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Bruxism is a common condition in the pediatric dentistry clinics; it is reported more frequently in children than in adults and has different effects on a person's quality of life.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep bruxism and associated factors among 4–6-year-old preschool children of Tanta city.

Patients and methods
The work was cross-sectional observational design. The sample consisted of 1000 children aged 4–6-year-old in public and private kindergarten of Tanta city. Data were collected through parents/guardians-based questionnaire and clinical inspection of participating children that was done by the same inspector.

Results
The results of the work revealed that the prevalence of sleep bruxism among the sample children was 17.6%. There were significant differences regarding family history of sleep bruxism, presence of newborn and gastrointestinal disorders. A relationship between bruxism and nail/tongue biting, mouth breathing and sleep with hand on face was found in addition to TMJ disorders. Also, by doing regression test analysis gastrointestinal disorders, family history of sleep bruxism and molar relation as distal relation was found to be the most affecting variable to bruxism.

Conclusions
The prevalence of sleep bruxism among the study sample of preschool children was 17.6%. There was no significant difference between sex, age, and bruxism, but there was a significant relationship between the presences of newborn, gastrointestinal disorder, and bruxism. The feeding way either normal or artificial had no relation to sleep bruxism. There was a relationship between sleep bruxism and nail-biting habit, mouth breathing, tongue biting, and sleep with a hand on the face. There was no significant correlation between bruxism and occlusion except with molar relation. TMD had significant correlation with bruxism.
تحضير وتشخيص بعض مركبات5,3 –نافثو-1-سلينوهكسان الحلقية غير المتجانسة
Authors: الهزام حنان عبد الجليل راضي , ألفيلي نعيم تقي , الوائلي احمد علي , حسن عطارد فاضل 
Published: July 2023

في هذه الدراسة تم تحضير سلسلتين من مشتقات مركب5,3 – نافثو-1-سلينو هكسان الحلقي ، وأعطت هاتين السلسلتين الصيغة C12H10SeRX ( حيث I (R = CH3 ,X= والصيغة C12H10SeX (حيث (X=Cl , Br , I . وقد تم فحص هذه المركبات والتعرف عليها باستخدام عدة تقنيات مثل التحليل الكمي الدقيق لعنصري الكربون والهيدروجين، طيف الأشعة تحت الحمراء (IR)، طيف الرنين النووي المغناطيسي للبروتون (1H-NMR)، بالاضافة إلى قياس التوصيل الالكتروليتي لهذه المركبات . ولقد أثبتت النتائج المتحصل عليها في هذه الدراسة صحة التركيب البنائي المقترح لهذه المركبات ، كما إن قياسات التوصيل أثيتت أن هذه المركبات تعتبر ألكتروليتات ضعيفة .
Determination of unknown parameters of a piecewise linear risk function by the method of mixed estimation
Authors: Noskov Sergey I. 
Published: July 2023

Subject of study: the problem of determining the parameters of a piecewise linear risk function.
The purpose of the study: apply the apparatus of linear-Boolean programming to solve this problem.
Methods and objects of research the object of the study is the formalization of a meaningful statement of the problem of minimizing the risk of undesirable consequences of the functioning of the analyzed system, the methods are regression analysis and the apparatus of mathematical programming.
The main results of the study an approach to determining estimates of the parameters of a piecewise linear risk function by using the mixed estimation method is described, which allows us to reduce this problem to a problem of linear Boolean programming. Numerical example solved.
About some approaches for converting test scores into grades
Authors: Korotkov Mikhail G. , Petrov Aleksey A. 
Published: July 2023

Subject of research: Computer testing for evaluating the results of mastering an academic discipline in a higher educational institution.
Purpose of research: The problem of subjectivity in determining threshold values when translating test scores (from 0 to 100) into the usual five-point scale of marks.
Methods and objects of research: It is proposed to use methods of mathematical statistics for processing test results data in determining the threshold values of test scores.
Main results of research: The approaches currently used in practice are considered and evaluated. Variants of alternative approaches to solving the problem are proposed.
The role of cholecalciferol deficiency in the development of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
Authors: Tsaryk I.O. , Pashkovska N.V. 
Published: July 2023

Background. Recently, a lot of information has appeared on the role of cholecalciferol deficiency in the development of the mechanisms of classical types of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. However, there are currently almost no data regarding latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the compensation of carbohydrate metabolism in LADA. Materials and methods. The study included 56 patients with DM: 34 with LADA and 22 with classical type 1 DM (DM1), as well as 20 practically healthy individuals of the control group. According to the main phenotypes, patients with LADA were divided into 2 groups: LADA1 and LADA2. Cholecalciferol status was determined by the immunochemiluminescence method. Results. The fasting blood glucose level in LADA and DM1 group was significantly higher than in the controls, by 63.9 and 91.1 % (p < 0.001), respectively, and was also 16.6 % higher when comparing DM1/LADA groups (p < 0.05). The level of HbA1c in 66.1 % of patients of the experimental groups was more than 7 %, which indicates insufficient compensation of the disease. The content of vitamin D was significantly lower in the experimental groups compared to the controls; when comparing LADA/DM1 — by 43.7 % lower in case of classical DM1 (p < 0.05). Compensation of carbohydrate metabolism is worse in patients with LADA1 than in LADA2, and the lowest level of vitamin D was recorded in LADA1. According to the linear regression analysis of correlations in patients with LADA, negative correlations of medium strength were recorded between the level of cholecalciferol and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.487; p < 0.05), HbA1c (r = –0.593; p < 0.05); positive — between cholecalciferol and C-peptide (r = 0.412; p < 0.05). Conclusions. In patients with autoimmune diabetes, there is an insufficient supply of cholecalciferol. Low cholecalciferol content is observed in both groups of patients with LADA regardless of the disease phenotype and is associated with worse compensation of DM.
PERBEDAAN HEALTH EDUCATION TENTANG PERSONAL HYGIENE MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA VIDEO DAN LEAFLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU POSTPARTUM DI RUMAH
Authors: Parwati Dewi , Galaupa Resi 
Published: July 2023

Latar Belakang Bidan sebagai edukator dalam praktiknya memberikan pendidikan kesehatan kepada ibu postpartum dan keluarga menggunakan video atau leaflet. Leaflet digunakan karena memiliki kelebihan yaitu informasi yang ada lebih mendetail dan mudah untuk dibawa kemana-mana, sedangkan video digunakan agar mempermudah klien memahami informasi yang diberikan. Diharapkan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan dengan video atau leaflet, pengetahuan ibu postpartum dan keluarga akan meningkat dengan memperhatikan efektifitas pemberian informasi dengan menggunakan video atau leaflet.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Mendiskripsikan penerapan pendidikan kesehatan tentang personal higiene pada ibu postpartum dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan belajar.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Eksperimen yaitu Quasi Eksperimental, dengan desain “Two group Pretest Posttest”, dengan uji statistik Uji T-Test Independen untuk melihat perbandingan rata-rata antara Health Education tentang Personal Hygiene Menggunakan Media Video dan Leaflet terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Postpartum di Rumah.Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji uji T-Independent Test Pengaruh Health Education tentang Personal Hygiene Menggunakan Media Video dan Leaflet terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Postpartum menunjukan, p value (Asymp.Sig.(2-tailed)) yaitu 0,007, yang dimana nilai 0,007 < 0,005 (α) sehingga menunjukan hasil Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima yang artinya ada perbedaan Health Education tentang Personal Hygiene Menggunakan Media Video dan Leaflet terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu Postpartum Sebaiknya ibu postpartum rutin mengontol jahitanya dan merawat bagian vagina sehingga tidak terjadi infeksi dan sebaiknya dilakukan lebih dari satu kali. Pendidikan kesehatan ini dapat diulangi pada saat kunjungan rumah ibu nifas
FAKTOR - FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN RETENSIO PLESENTA PADA IBU BERSALIN DI RSUD LANTO DG. PASEWANG JENEPONTO
Authors: Ghita Dwi , Norma Edita Achri 
Published: July 2023

Latar Belakang: Retensio plasenta merupakan salah satu penyebab risiko perdarahan yang terjadi segera setelah terjadinya persalinan dibandingkan dengan risiko-risiko lain dari ibu bersalin, perdarahan postpartum akibat retensio plasenta merupakan salah satu penyebab yang dapat mengancam jiwa dimana ibu dengan perdarahan yang hebat akan cepat meninggal jika tidak mendapat perawatan medis yang tepat.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui factor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya retensio plasenta pada ibu bersalin di RSUD.Lanto Dg. Pasewang Jeneponto.
Metode penelitian; Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pasien yang di diagnosis Retensio Plasenta di RSUD Lanto Dg. Pasewang Jeneponto pada Januari – Oktober tahun 2022 yaitu 50 orang .Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan Purposive Sampling. Cara pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yaitu bila pengumpulan data yang diinginkan diperoleh dari orang lain atau tempat lain dan tidak dilakukan oleh peneliti sendiri dimana dalam penelitian ini peneliti mencatat nomor register pasien yang mengalami retensio plasenta yang diperoleh dari buku register di ruang perawatan atau rekam medik. Kemudian mengambil status pasien pada rekam medik di RSUD Lanto Dg. Pasewang setelah itu mengambil data dan memilih data yang lengkap berdasarkan kriteria yang ditentukan.. Data dianalisis menggunakan chi-square.
Udział niepoczytalnego podejrzanego w postępowaniu sądowym w przedmiocie stosowania środka zabezpieczającego w postaci pobytu w zakładzie psychiatrycznym
Authors: Szeroczyńska Małgorzata 
Published: July 2023

Tekst prezentuje regulacje dotyczące kwestii, czy i kiedy podejrzany jest zobligowany do uczestniczenia w postępowaniach w przedmiocie zastosowania i przedłużania środka zabezpieczającego w postaci pobytu w zakładzie psychiatrycznym. Jeśli chodzi o postępowanie w przedmiocie zastosowania tego środka, to w szczególności rozważane jest zagadnienie, czy obecność podejrzanego pozostaje zawsze faktycznie obowiązkowa, jeśli biegli psychiatrzy stwierdzili w opinii, iż nie może on brać udziału w czynnościach lub, że jego udział w czynnościach jest niewskazany. Odnośnie zaś do postępowania wykonawczego, to postawione zostało pytanie, czy obecność osoby, wobec której stosowany jest taki środek, winna być obligatoryjna czy zależeć wyłącznie od jej woli.

This paper presents regulations concerning the issue of whether and when the insane suspect is obliged to participate in proceedings concerning the application and extension of a precautionary measure in the form of a stay in a psychiatric institution. Regarding the procedure related to the application of this measure, the studied question is whether the presence of an insane suspect is in fact always obligatory if psychiatrists have stated that she cannot take part in the court activities or that her participation in these activities is inadvisable for her health. As for the enforcement proceedings, the main issue analyzed in this paper is whether the presence of the person against whom such a measure is applied should be always obligatory or should it depend solely on her will.
Impact of weather on population dynamics and infestation of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee on brinjal
Authors: Haq Ejazul , Rizvi Parvez Qamar 
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of weather parameters on the infestations of shoot and fruit caused by brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) during Kharif and Rabi seasons of two consecutive years. The findings showed that the shoot infestation began (5.35%) in 1st week of January and severed (30.85%) in 3rd week of February and 1st week of March in the first and second years. The shoot infestation was associated positively (r=0.267) with temperature but negatively with relative humidity and rainfall (r=-0.182 and -0.235). The fruit infestation (26.57% and 21.74%) began in the 1st week of February and gradually peaked (52.69 and 46.36%) in the 1st week of March. However, it was associated negatively with relative humidity (r=-0.773 and 0.747) and rainfall (r=-0.204 and -0.202) while positively with temperature during the rabi season of the first year. The same patterns of infestations were recorded in the next year. Compared to the Kharif seasons, shoot infestation started (7.65%) in 1st week of July and the highest (31.21%) in 3rd week of August. Additionally, it was associated negatively with temperature (r=-0.235) while positively with relative humidity and rainfall (r=0.060 and 0.677). The infestation of the fruit started (27.35 and 21.25%) in 1st week of August and steadily increased, reaching to peak (53.26 and 47.22%) in 1st week of September. Moreover, it was associated negatively with temperature (r=-0.500 and -0483) and positively with relative humidity (r=0.426 and 0.443). However, a negative association (r=-0.187 and -0.180) was found with rainfall. While in the second year, the same infestation patterns were recorded as the previous year, except rainfall was positively (r=0.0283 and 0.287) associated with fruit infestation. In conclusion, the weather affects the BSFB infestation significantly or non-significantly. This finding could be helpful for farmers in planning their cultivation practices for brinjal and pest management strategies to reduce the infestation caused by BSFB.