bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceramics with eutectic microstructure in the ZrO2–PrOx system
Authors: Grima Lorena , Peña José Ignacio , Sanjuán María Luisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPraseodymium oxides present redox properties analogous to those of Ce‐based systems and have been proposed for catalytic applications in combination with CeO2, ZrO2, or both. However, uncertainties remain concerning the nature and redox behavior of Pr‐rich mixtures, especially with ZrO2. Here we study the eutectic composites of the ZrO2–PrOx system, focusing on the sensitivity of their microstructure, phase symmetry, and composition to variations of the processing atmosphere from oxidizing to reducing. Mixed oxides have been produced by a laser‐assisted directional solidification technique in O2, air, N2, or 5%H2(Ar) environment, and the resulting materials have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility. In air, N2, or 5%H2(Ar) atmosphere, a lamellar, eutectic‐like microstructure forms, the major phase being the one with less Pr content. Both the Pr concentration in each phase as the PrOx molar percentage of the eutectic composites decrease as the atmosphere becomes more reducing. Both eutectic phases are fluorite‐like when processing in air, whereas in N2 or 5%H2(Ar), the phase with high Pr content is of the A‐R2O3 type, and the phase with low Pr content can be described as a fluorite phase containing C‐R2O3‐like short‐range‐ordered regions. The results obtained for samples processed in O2 suggest that for high enough pO2 no eutectic forms, in analogy with the ZrO2–CeO2 system. The evolution of the phase composition and symmetry is discussed in terms of the limited stability of the phases found in the ZrO2–Pr2O3 system, namely, A‐ or C‐R2O3‐like, beyond a certain Pr oxidation degree and oxygen content.
Structural and physical properties of Sr‐based 3d–5d double perovskites of Sr2Fe0.5Hf1.5O6−δ oxides
Authors: Tang Qingkai , Zhu Xinhua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSr‐based 3d–5d double perovskite Sr2Fe0.5Hf1.5O6−δ (SFHO) oxide powders were synthesized via the solid‐state reaction method, and their structural, dielectric, magnetic, optical, and transport properties were investigated. Structural investigations revealed the SFHO powders crystallized in an orthorhombic crystal structure with Pnma space group. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated the relatively homogeneous distributions of spherical SFHO powders, and x‐ray energy dispersive spectra gave out the molar ratio of Sr:Fe:Hf equal to 1.94:0.5:1.87, close to the nominal value. XPS spectra confirmed the existence of Sr2+, Fe3+, Hf4+ ions in the SFHO powders, and oxygen appeared in the forms of lattice oxygen and adsorbed oxygen species, respectively. The SFHO ceramics exhibited a relaxor‐like dielectric behavior. Two dielectric abnormities appeared around 518 and 257 K, which were ascribed to the dielectric response of the oxygen vacancies ( activation energy Ea = 0.93 eV and thermal excitation of the electrons with Ea = ∼ 0.02 eV bound weakly to the, respectively. Ferromagnetic behavior was observed in the SFHO powders at 300 and 2 K, and the saturated magnetization at 2 K was 0.67 μB/f.u. Magnetic transition temperature, TC was determined to be 638 K from the temperature dependence of the magnetization under the zero‐field cooling mode. A spin glass‐like behavior was observed around 390 K, which was confirmed by the frequency‐dependent alternating current (ac) susceptibility measurements. The SFHO powders exhibit a butterfly‐like magnetoresistance (MR)–H plot at 2 K, and the MR (2 K, 7 T) is found to be −2.73% owing to the intergranular magneto‐tunneling effect. Temperature dependence of the resistivity of the SFHO ceramics displayed a semiconducting behavior, and the electrical transport properties of the SFHO ceramics were investigated by Mott's variable‐range‐hopping model, thermally activated semiconductor conductivity model, and the adiabatic small polarons hopping model, respectively. UV–vis diffuse‐reflectance spectra of the SFHO powders demonstrated a direct optical bandgap of Eg = 2.62 eV, which was contributed from the electron transfer from the O(2p) orbital to Fe(3d)/Hf(5d) orbitals. A combination of high‐temperature ferrimagnetism and semiconducting nature of the SHFO powders makes them attractive for spintronics and photovoltaics.
Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms in a cohort of Greek children diagnosed with cystic fibrosis: Associated clinical parameters
Authors: Alexopoulos A. , Chouliaras G. , Kakourou T. , Dakoutrou M. , Petrocheilou A. , Nasi L. , Thanopoulou I. , Siahanidou S. , Kanaka‐Gantenbein C. , Kontara L. , Michos A. , Loukou I. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAquagenic wrinkling of the palms (AWP) is an excessive and early palmar wrinkling occurring after brief immersion to water (BIW), and has been reported as a frequent finding among Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients.ObjectivesTo investigate any associations of CF patients presenting AWP with other disease characteristics and explore the pathomechanism of AWP phenomenon.MethodsWe evaluated AWP in CF patients and assessed the AWP parameters of palmar wrinkling, oedema, papules, pruritus and pain at 3, 7 and 11 min after a BIW test with other disease characteristics. Statistical analyses explored the associations of AWP with genotype, lung function, pancreatic insufficiency, hyperhidrosis, personal and family history of atopy and sweat chloride levels.ResultsOne hundred CF patients (mean age 10.4 years) were included in the analysis. The genotypic distribution was ΔF508/ΔF508: 47%, ΔF508/other: 41% and other/other: 12%. Statistically significant associations of Kaplan–Meier curves of the AWP parameters with various disease characteristics and personal/family history were detected. Wrinkling was associated with history of atopy, hyperhidrosis and levels of sweat chloride test. The time to presentation of oedema and the appearance of papules were associated with history of hyperhidrosis and age at diagnosis. Finally, time to appearance of pruritus was related to history of atopy and of hyperhidrosis. Regarding TEWL regression analysis showed significant associations with age at diagnosis (p = 0.024), sweat chloride test levels (p = 0.005), history of hyperhidrosis (p = 0.033), history of atopy (p = 0.002) and hepatic–pancreatic involvement (p = 0.027).ConclusionsThe existence of a statistically significant association between AWP and the history of hyperhidrosis, atopy, sweat chloride levels and hepatic‐pancreatic function in CF patients was detected. A strong association between AWP and CF was detected. AWP after BIW could be elicited easily and possibly can be used as an initial screening tool to diagnose an individual with symptoms and signs that raise the likelihood of CF.
Detection of early Alzheimer's disease‐like molecular alterations in a mouse model expressing human ApoE4
Authors: Rai A. , Ojiakor O. A. , Rylett R. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe E4 allele of apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) is a key genetic risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing the risk of developing the disease by up to three‐fold. However, the mechanisms by which ApoE4 contributes to AD pathogenesis are poorly understood. Here, we utilize a mouse model expressing either human ApoE3 or human ApoE4 to examine the effects of the E4 allele on a wide range of genetic and molecular pathways that are altered in early AD pathology. We demonstrate that ApoE4‐expressing mice begin to show early differential expression of multiple genes, leading to alterations in downstream pathways related to neural cell maintenance, insulin signaling, amyloid processing and clearance, and synaptic plasticity. These alterations may result in the earlier accumulation of pathological proteins such as β‐amyloid that may build up within cells, leading to the accelerated degeneration of neurons and astrocytes as observed in ApoE4‐positive individuals. We also examine the metabolic effects associated with a high‐fat diet (HFD) in male ApoE4‐expressing mice compared with regular chow diet (RD) fed mice at different ages. We found that young ApoE4‐expressing mice fed HFD developed metabolic disturbances, such as elevated weight gain, blood glucose, and plasma insulin levels that cumulatively have been observed to increase the risk of AD in humans. Taken together, our results reveal early pathways that could mediate ApoE4‐related AD risk and may help identify more tractable therapeutic targets for treating ApoE4‐associated AD.image
Mini‐review: Immunology in ovarian cancer
Authors: Taki Mana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy for ovarian cancer has been studied for many years and programmed cell death protein 1 ligand/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐L1/PD‐1) blockade has been attempted in several clinical trials; however, the expected therapeutic effect has not been achieved. In contrast, the PD‐L1/PD‐1 blockade has been clinically applied to endometrial and cervical cancers, and a certain therapeutic effect has been observed. In endometrial cancer, promising outcomes have been achieved with a combination of an anti‐PD‐1 antibody and lenvatinib, regardless of the number of regimens, even in cases of recurrence after platinum administration. Therefore, immunotherapy is expected to have a therapeutic effect on ovarian cancer regardless of platinum resistance. In this review, considering immunotherapy for ovarian cancer, we discuss the immune mechanisms that exist in ovarian cancer and the immunotherapeutic strategies that should be developed.
Call type repertoire of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in Iceland and its variation across regions
Authors: Selbmann Anna , Deecke Volker B. , Filatova Olga A. , Fedutin Ivan D. , Miller Patrick J. O. , Simon Malene , Bowles Ann E. , Lyrholm Thomas , Lacey Claire , Magnúsdóttir Edda E. , Maunder William , Wensveen Paul J. , Svavarsson Jörundur , Samarra Filipa I. P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKiller whales (Orcinus orca) have group‐specific call repertoires that can be used to track groups and populations using passive acoustic monitoring. To provide a detailed description of the Icelandic killer whale repertoire and its variation, we analyzed acoustic data collected in five locations between 1985 and 2016. Calls were classified manually, and CART and random forest analyses were employed to validate the manual classification. A total of 91 call categories (including call types and subtypes) were defined. Most call categories were recorded in more than one location, with the highest proportion shared between herring grounds in Vestmannaeyjar (South) and Breiðafjörður (West). However, both locations included call categories that were not recorded elsewhere in Iceland. Recordings from past herring wintering grounds in eastern Iceland included few call categories that matched other locations. Sample sizes from Reykjanes (Southwest) and Skjálfandi (North) were small and did not include unique call categories. The relative occurrence of call categories in Vestmannaeyjar changed little over a 14‐year period (2002–2016), although shorter‐term changes between years were observed that appeared to correlate to changes in individuals identified. This comparison of acoustic repertoires provides valuable information on the social structure and movement patterns of herring‐eating killer whales around Iceland.
Embedded mental states in Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief and uneven distribution of narratorial attention
Authors: Hui Haifeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe study of literary characters has been acknowledged to be a thorny field. Since Alex Woloch's The One vs. the Many (2003), exciting advances are scarce. The present article proposes cognitive narratology based on Theory of Mind, which focuses on multiple levels of embedded mental states that reflect and keep track of other characters' mental states (conveniently summarized as “I know that you know that I know”1), as a new analytical framework to push forward the study of literary characters and at the same time to test the validity of applying such a cognitive theory in literary studies. Through an analysis of Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief, a young adult (YA) fiction popular all over the world, it is argued that the protagonist Percy, who is also the figural narrator of the novel, distributes his mind‐reading activities on other characters unevenly. The distance between minor characters and Percy determines whether the narrator's discourse about them is accompanied by the narrator's interest in reading their minds, which is most clearly illustrated when they are first introduced in the novel. When Percy meets Annabeth for the first time, he subconsciously tries to bring their relationship closer at the discourse level by creating three levels of embedded mental states that include both of them as cognitive agents. Although this strong passion has not yet been fully revealed explicitly at the story level, it is discernable in the formal features of Percy's discourse. As the story develops, Percy's mind‐reading of Annabeth becomes a subconscious habit, whereas his narratorial treatments of two other minor characters have been steadily kept below three levels of embedded mental states. In this light, the complex relationships between these characters can be shown in a more pragmatic way by adopting Theory of Mind analysis, thus enabling us to explore the cognitive pattern of the text and offering a new perspective for the study of characters.
Trapezius activity during personal computer work with progressive addition lenses for general purpose and for computer work in neophytes
Authors: Kolbe Oliver , Becker Patrick , Degle Stephan , Anders Christoph 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study analysed the impact of general purpose progressive addition lenses (GP‐PALs) and computer progressive addition lenses (PC‐PALs) on the activity of the trapezius muscle during computer operation.MethodsIn this randomised, single‐blinded, crossover study, surface electromyography (SEMG) signals were recorded bilaterally from the trapezius muscle during a 30‐min computer task performed wearing different presbyopic corrections. The amplitude probability distribution function and its percentiles, gap frequency, muscular rest time and sustained low‐level muscle activity periods were analysed in 32 subjects with artificially induced presbyopia. Subjectively perceived differences in vision and postural load between lenses were evaluated using a seven‐item questionnaire (non‐standardised, visual analogue scale ranged from 1 [bad] to 100 [good]).ResultsConsidering the SEMG data, no significant difference in the muscular activity of the trapezius muscle was observed when using GP‐PALs or PC‐PALs for computer operation. However, PC‐PALs showed statistically and clinically significantly higher results for subjectively perceived visual quality (78.4–31.3; p < 0.001), spontaneous tolerance (79.2–31.3; p < 0.001) and field of view (75.9–23.5; p < 0.001) compared with GP‐PALs.ConclusionsEven though the electromyographic approach did not show a significant differentiation between the lenses, the subjective evaluation was clearly in favour of PC‐PALs. Eye care practitioners should always take an occupational history of presbyopes, ask about the workplace situation and consider the use of PC‐PALs.
A Boat with New Nets: A Reflection on Embodied TranscendenceIn God's Image: An Anthropology of the Spirit, MichaelWelker, Eerdmans, 2021 (ISBN 978‐0‐8028‐7874‐8), xii + 155 pp., pb $29Marriage, Family and the Church: A Boat with New Nets, PiaMatthews, Gracewing, 2022 (ISBN 978‐0‐85244‐974‐5), xvi + 484 pp., pb £25Restless Devices: Recovering Personhood, Presence, and Place in the Digital Age, Felicia WuSong, IVP, 2021 (ISBN 978‐0‐8308‐5113‐3), xii + 220 pp., pb $24Believing in Bits: Digital Media and the Supernatural, SimoneNatale, and Diana W.Pasulka (eds), Oxford University Press, 2020 (ISBN 978‐0‐19‐094999‐0), xiv + 250 pp., pb £22.99
Authors: Farris Joshua R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs divergent as they seem to be, In God's Image; Marriage, Family and the Church; Restless Devices; and, Believing in Bits all have several overlapping themes that center on the embodied nature of the imago Dei. Each presents a set of questions that prompt consideration of how ‘technology’ influences, shapes, and informs our embodied practice of religion. In God's Image and Marriage, Family and the Church give us a broad vision of the human that helps situate and theologically engage the themes, concerns, and developing challenges in Restless Devices and Believing in Bits. The latter two gesture in the direction that aid us in thinking about the liturgical nature of what it means to be human. In God's Image offers a sampling of different proposals primarily from a Protestant perspective that open up questions for how one ought to unify the themes and teleological nature of the body. Through a brief interaction with all four works, I gesture toward Marriage, Family and the Church as providing A Boat with New Nets that might just help us to navigate our changing world of technological advancement.
One class of MHD equations: Conservation laws and exact solutions
Authors: Kaptsov E. I. , Meleshko S. V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper analyzes one of the models of equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) derived earlier. The model was obtained as a result of group classification of the MHD equations in mass Lagrangian coordinates, where all dependent variables in Eulerian coordinates depend on time and two spatial coordinates. The use of Lagrangian coordinates made it possible to solve four equations, which led to the form of reduced equations containing four arbitrary functions: entropy and a three‐dimensional vector associated with the magnetic field. The objective of this work is to develop conservation laws and exact solutions for the model. Conservation laws are obtained using Noether's theorem, while exact solutions are obtained either explicitly or by solving a system of ordinary or partial differential equations with two independent variables. Numerical methods are employed for the latter solutions.
Residual stresses in Cu matrix composite surface deposits after laser melt injection
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , Kornmeier Joana R. , Hofmann Michael , Langebeck Anika , Alameddin Shadi , Alessio Renan Pereira , Fritzen Felix , Bunn Jeffrey R. , Cabeza Sandra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTungsten carbide particles reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) coatings can significantly improve surface wear resistance owing to their increased surface hardness. However, the presence of macro‐ and micro‐residual stresses in MMC coatings can have detrimental effects, such as reducing service life. In this study, neutron diffraction was used to determine the residual stresses in spherical fused tungsten carbide (sFTC) reinforced Cu matrix composite surface deposits after laser melt injection. We also developed a thermo‐mechanical coupled finite element model to predict residual stresses. Our findings reveal that sFTC/Cu composite deposits produced with a preheating temperature of 400°C have low residual stresses, with a maximum tensile residual stress of 98 MPa in the Cu matrix on the top surface. In contrast, the sFTC/bronze (CuAl10Ni5Fe4) composite deposit exhibits very high residual stresses, with a maximum tensile residual stress in the Cu matrix on the top surface reaching 651 MPa. These results provide a better understanding of the magnitudes and distributions of residual stresses in sFTC‐reinforced Cu matrix composite surface deposits manufactured via laser melt injection.
On a problem of Steinhaus
Authors: Anholcer Marcin , Bosek Bartłomiej , Grytczuk Jarosław , Gutowski Grzegorz , Przybyło Jakub , Pyzik Rafał , Zając Mariusz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLet be a positive integer. A sequence of points in the unit interval [0,1) is piercing if holds for every and every . In 1958, Steinhaus asked whether piercing sequences can be arbitrarily long. A negative answer was provided by Schinzel, who proved that any such sequence may have at most 74 elements. This was later improved to the best possible value of 17 by Warmus, and independently by Berlekamp and Graham. In this paper, we study a more general variant of piercing sequences. Let be an infinite nondecreasing sequence of positive integers. A sequence is ‐piercing if holds for every and every . A special case of , with a fixed nonnegative integer, was studied by Berlekamp and Graham. They noticed that for each , the maximum length of any ‐piercing sequence is finite. Expressing this maximum length as , they obtained an exponential upper bound on the function , which was later improved to by Graham and Levy. Recently, Konyagin proved that holds for all sufficiently big . Using a different technique based on the Farey fractions and stick‐breaking games, we prove here that the function satisfies where and . We also prove that there exists an infinite ‐piercing sequence with if and only if .
Ice Adhesion Characterization Using Mode-I and Mode-II Fracture Configurations
Authors: Dawood Bishoy , Yavas Denizhan , Bastawros Ashraf 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The ice buildup on airborne structures operating in cold weather conditions has detrimental impacts on their safety and performance. Due to practical applications, there has been a significant interest in ice removal strategies. However, the current body of literature lacks comprehensive insights into the mechanistic aspects of the ice adhesion/breakage process, resulting in a wide range of reported adhesion strengths that differ by two orders of magnitude. To address this gap, we employed a fracture mechanics-based approach to investigate the fracture behavior of a typical ice/aluminum interface in terms of mode-I and mode-II fractures. We examine a range of surface roughness values spanning from 0.05 to 5 micrometers. An experimental framework employing a single cantilever beam and direct shear tests were developed. The near mode-I and mode-II interfacial fracture toughness and strength values were extracted from the experimentally measured force and displacement by both analytical and numerical models employing cohesive surfaces. The combined experimental and numerical results show that ice adhesion is primarily driven by cohesive interfacial failure, which exhibits almost mode-independent fracture behavior. Mode-I fracture shows directional instability of crack propagation, which is attributed to thermally induced residual tensile stress at the ice layer-substrate interface. The fractographic inspection reveals similar ice-grain size over the examined range of substrate roughness values. For the examined range of surface roughness and temperature, which induces the Wenzel state with full surface wetting at the interface, the ice adhesion is insensitive to the interfacial roughness in both mode-I and mode-II fracture.