bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Potential of Hesperidin as Therapeutic Agent in
the Treatment of Brain Disorders: Preclinical Evidence-based
Review
Authors: Bansal Keshav , Singh Vanshita , Singh Sakshi , Mishra Samiksha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are progressive morbidities that represent
a serious health issue in the aging world population. There is a contemporary
upsurge in worldwide interest in the area of traditional remedies and phytomedicines
are widely accepted by researchers due to their health-promoted effects and fewer
side effects. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside present in the peels of citrus fruits,
possesses various biological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions.
In various preclinical studies, hesperidin has provided significant protective actions
in a variety of brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, Parkinson’s
disease, multiple sclerosis, depression, neuropathic pain, etc. as well as their underlying
mechanisms. The findings indicate that the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin
are mediated by modulating antioxidant defence activities and neural growth factors,
diminishing apoptotic and neuro-inflammatory pathways. This review focuses on
the potential role of hesperidin in managing and treating diverse brain disorders.
Interactions of Cyclodextrins and their Hydroxyl Derivatives with
Etodolac: Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement
Authors: Mustafa Wesam W. , Khoder Mouhamad , Abdelkader Hamdy , Singer Richard , Alany Raid G. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Poor solubility and dissolution rate of drugs are largely responsible for erratic
drug absorption and limited oral bioavailability. Etodolac (ETO) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug (NSAID) that is classified as BCS class II (dissolution rate-dependent absorption). ETO has high
safety and efficacy in pain relief and control of inflammation. ETO is commercially available as (400-
600 mg) tablets; poor solubility and dissolution rate of ETO could result in variable oral absorption and
inconsistent analgesic responses. The aim of this study was to improve solubility and dissolution rates
of ETO by complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs).

Methods:
Four different CDs namely β-, γ-, HP β-CDs, and HP γ-CDs were prepared using three different
methods; solvent evaporation (CO), freeze-drying (FD), and physical mixing (PM). The prepared
drug: excipient mixtures were investigated for aqueous solubility, as well as via DSC, XRD, FTIR,
SEM, dissolution, and docking.

Results:
The results revealed a solubility phase diagram of the AL type, indicating a 1:1 complexation of
ETO: CD. These results agreed with our molecular docking calculations. DSC, FTIR, XRD, and SEM
results confirmed the formation of an inclusion complex. The complexation efficiency, solubility, and
dissolution enhancement were in the order of HPγ-CD > γ-CD > HPβ-CD > β-CD. FD method was
superior to both CO and PM.

Conclusion:
Superior dissolution enhancements of ETO were recorded for the FD mixture (up to 90%
dissolved in less than 10 min). In conclusion, γ- and hydroxypropyl γ-derivative of cyclodextrins can be
considered a promising excipient for enhancement of dissolution rates concerned for ETO.
Neuroprotective Cognitive Effects of Nose-to-brain Delivered Linagliptin
Loaded Polymeric Nanosuspension in Animal Model
Authors: Joshi Deepika , Kumar Bhavna , Singhal Manmohan , Bhargava Samir , Ankur Kaul 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
Insulin resistance is a common link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and dementia.
The current work emphasizes the effect of linagliptin on dementia with its neuroprotective effects, which
occur directly at the neuronal level, as GLP-1 receptors are exclusively expressed in neurons.

Methods:
The objective of the study was to formulate linagliptin-loaded polymeric nanosuspension (LS)
by nanoprecipitation method and further study their pharmaceutical, pharmacodynamics, scintigraphic,
and neuroprotective effects following nose-to-brain delivery in the rat model of dementia.

Results:
Developed LS were spherical with z-average (250.7 nm), charge (-16.3 mV), % entrapment efficiency
(95.8 ± 1.45%), and % drug loading (35.78 ± 0.19%). In vitro dissolution rate (88.56 ± 1.24%) and
ex vivo permeation (81.59 ± 1.06%) of LS showed a better-sustained release profile than pure linagliptin.
The spatial learning/memory in the treated group of Sprague-Dawley rats were significantly improved
compared with those in the control group.

Conclusion:
Histopathological study of LS produced no toxicity or structural damage to the nasal mucosa.
Optimum pharmaceutical characterization results improved pharmacodynamic studies/ histopathological
data, and gamma-scintigraphic images proved that polymeric nanosuspensions stand out as wellappreciated
approaches to deliver linagliptin more efficiently to the brain via intranasal route, thereby
enhancing the neuroprotective efficacy in dementia.
Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young Type 7 (MODY7) and the Krüppellike
Factor 11 Mutation (KLF11). A Review
Authors: Mancera-Rincón Pedro , Luna-España Maria Camila , Rincon Oswaldo , Guzmán Issac , Alvarez Mauricio 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a rare disease due to a
single gene mutation that affects several family members in most cases. The Krüppel-like factor 11
(KLF11) gene mutation is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity to high glucose levels. KLF
11 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MODY type 7 but given its low prevalence, prolonged
subclinical period, and the emergence of new information, doubts are raised about its association.

Methods:
A literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases was performed. The
terms “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics”, “Mason-Type Diabetes” , “Maturity-Onset diabetes of
the young”, “KLF11 protein, human”, and “Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young, Type 7” were
used”., “Diagnosis” The search selection was not standardized.

Results:
The KLF1 mutation is rare and represents <1% of the mutations associated with monogenic
diabetes. Its isolation in European family lines in the first studies and the emergence of new
variants pose new diagnostic challenges. This article reviews the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology,
diagnosis, and treatment of MODY type 7.

Conclusion:
MODY type 7 diabetes represents a rare form of monogenic diabetes with incomplete
penetrance. Given its rarity, its association with impaired glucose metabolism has been questioned.
Strict evaluation of glycemic control and the appearance of microvascular complications are key
areas in the follow-up of patients diagnosed with MODY 7. More studies will be required to characterize
the population with KLF11 mutation and clarify its correlation with MODY.
Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Youth: Current Scenario
Authors: Wal Pranay , Wal Ankita , Gupta Divyanshi , Pandey Shiv Shankar , Sharma Preeti , Rai Awani Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Background:
A detailed study on vitamin D status in India has revealed a significant
frequency of vitamin D insufficiency among people. People's hectic schedules cause various deficits
in their bodies since they are not exposed to enough sunshine, which results in inadequate
vitamin D intake over time, diminished sunshine exposure, the kidney's failure to convert
25(OH)D to its active form, or insufficient vitamin D absorption through the digestive system.

Objective:
The study aimed to explore the role of vitamin D in young adults and explain some of
the vital roles of vitamin D in human bodies, as well as display the prevalence of vitamin D in
India along with its pathophysiology, metabolism, and several mechanisms of action.

Methods:
We have searched several research and review articles in English on Medline, Scopus,
Pubmed, NCBI data, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library of systematic review databases
from 2000 to 2022.

Results:
According to a comprehensive study, our bodies require vitamin D for bone formation
and maintenance. It is also important for controlling a variety of other cellular functions in the
body.

Conclusion:
The importance of vitamin D and the repercussions of its insufficiency must be
made known to the general population and healthcare practitioners. On average, our Indian cuisine
falls short of a normal adult's daily vitamin D need. This emphasises the importance of vitamin
D fortification in diverse foods through governmental initiatives. This silent pandemic has
to be tackled with strong public health measures.
Galectin-3 and HFpEF: Clarifying an Emerging Relationship
Authors: Rhodenhiser Emmajane , Baccouche Basil M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
HFpEF is one of the leading causes of death whose burden is estimated to
expand in the coming decades. This paper examines the relationship between circulating levels of
galectin-3, an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the clinical diagnosis of HFpEF.

Methods:
The authors reviewed peer-reviewed literature and 18 studies met the inclusion criteria.
Study characteristics, study outcome definitions, assay characteristics, main findings, and measures
of association were tabulated and summarized.

Results:
Five studies found significant associations between galectin-3 and HFpEF diagnosis compared
to healthy controls, and one did not. Five studies found significant associations between galectin-
3 concentration in circulation and severity of diastolic dysfunction. Three studies found a
statistically significant association between circulating galectin-3 and all-cause mortality or rehospitalization.
Two studies found levels of circulating galectin-3 to be a statistically significant
predictor of later HFpEF onset. Finally, two studies examined whether galectin-3 was associated
with incident HFpEF, one found a significant association and the other did not.

Conclusion:
Given the paucity of effective therapeutics for HFpEF, galectin-3 shows promise as a
possible HFpEF-linked biomarker that may, with further study, inform and predict treatment
course to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Patient Radiation Doses assessment at Diagnostic X-rays Department of King
Khalid hospital (KKH)-Majmaah
Authors: Saeed Mohammed Khalil , Abdallah Yousif , Suilman Abdelmonen , Omer Mohamed , Ahmed Ali Sid 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The study was conducted on patients who received diagnostic X-rays in King Khalid Hospital (KKH), Majmaah.

Introduction:
The study included the seven most frequently performed investigations, which were carried out on over 1504 patients using digital radiography equipment.

Methods:
The X-ray tube's output and exposure parameters were used to calculate the effective dose (ED) and patient entry surface air kerma (ESAK). Additionally, based on these results, conversion coefficients were determined. This study also examined the 75th percentile distributions of ESAK and KAP. The findings of this research were compared with the findings of other researchers throughout the country and the world. The study presents the uncertainty U values, as well as the mean ESAK, KAP, and ED values.

Results:
The results of the ESAK, KAP, and ED values were 0.12-5.74 mGy, 0.9-1.84 Gy cm2, and 0.01-0.23 mSv, respectively. As a result, the dosages were much lower than those previously published for the European DRL, national standards, and other studies.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that during dose surveys, the importance of detecting and comprehending radiation doses, as well as the proper technique for taking the finest photos possible, can be emphasized to patients in order to assist them in avoiding radioactive particles and radiation exposure.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Foetal Congenital Toxoplasma
Encephalitis: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Min-Jie , Lin Jian , Zheng Ke 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Toxoplasma gondii infection is not uncommon in daily life; primary infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) acquired during gestation may lead to a series of fetal complications. Prenatal ultrasound and postpartum neonatal T. gondii encephalitis have been reported previously, but fetal MRI findings of T. gondii encephalitis are quite rare. It is important to identify the severity of cerebral damage and assess fetal prognosis.

Objective:
The purpose of this report is to emphasize that MRI can provide more excellent anatomic information on abnormalities in cerebral parenchyma than ultrasound, which is helpful for the diagnosis of prenatal infectious encephalitis.

Case Presentation:
A 38-year-old woman presented to our hospital at a gestation age of 29 weeks due to an ultrasound that showed fetal ventriculomegaly. The fetus demonstrated ventriculomegaly, intrauterine growth restriction, and multiple cystic lesions close to the corticomedullary junction of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes on both sides. The woman chose to terminate the pregnancy, and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasma encephalitis.

Conclusion:
This is a rare report of MRI manifestations of fetal congenital toxoplasma encephalitis. Detailed knowledge of MRI findings in fetal congenital toxoplasma encephalitis is helpful for prenatal consultation and pregnancy management.
Pseudoaneurysm of a Lumbal Artery: CT-guided Treatment with Nonadhesive
Liquid Embolic Agent
Authors: Deniz Sinan , Seidensticker Max 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
A 65-year-old patient presented with subtle lumbalgia twenty days following his failed endovascular retrograde recanalization of the right iliac artery, followed by a surgical femoral-femoral left-to-right by-pass graft.

Case Presentation:
Computer tomography angiography (CTA) revealed a left-sided 18 mm large pseudoaneurysm (PA) at the level of L5 lumbar vertebrae adjacent to the aorta. This lumbal artery originated from the false lumen of the known chronic infrarenal aortic dissection. Within a single session, the pseudoaneurysm was treated by percutaneous nonadhesive liquid embolic agent (NALEA - Onyx 34) embolization under CT-fluoroscopy guidance. Follow-up imaging showed complete occlusion of the PA.

Conclusion:
This case shows the first usage of Onyx as a liquid embolic agent for this complication.
Synthesis and in-silico Studies of 4-phenyl thiazol-2-amine Derivatives as
Putative Anti-breast Cancer Agents
Authors: Lavanya Kanamarlapudi Joshna , Kaur Kamalpreet , Jaitak Vikas 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Breast cancer (BC) is the second-leading cause of cancer-related fatalities
in women after lung cancer worldwide. The development of BC is significantly influenced by estrogen
receptors (ERs). The problem with current cancer treatments is selectivity, target specificity,
cytotoxicity, and developing resistance. Thiazole scaffolds are gaining popularity in drug discovery
due to their broad range of biological activity. It has the extraordinary capacity to control a
variety of cellular pathways, and its potential for selective anticancer activity can be explored.

Objectives:
Synthesis and in-silico studies of 4-Phenyl thiazol-2-amine derivatives as anti-breast
cancer agents and molecular docking was used to assess the compounds’ capacity to bind ER-α
protein target.

Methods:
In this study, 4-Phenylthiazol-2-amine derivatives (3a-j) have been synthesized, and
using Schrodinger software, molecular docking and ADME studies of the compounds were conducted.

Results:
Most of the synthesized compounds have shown dock scores ranging from -6.658 to -
8.911 kcal/mol, which is better than the standard drug tamoxifen (-6.821 kcal/mol). According to
molecular docking, all compounds fit in the protein’s active site and have the same hydrophobic
pocket as the standard drug tamoxifen. Further, all of the compounds’ ADME properties are below
acceptable limits.

Conclusion:
Compound 3e showed the best docking score of -8.911. All compounds’ ADME
properties are within acceptable limits, and their p/o coefficients fall within a range, suggesting
they will all have sufficient absorption at the site of action. These compounds can be evaluated invitro
and in-vivo in the future.
Robust Computational Model for Diagnosis of Mitogenic Activated Protein
Kinase Leading to Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Jain Shruti , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Computational modeling is used to develop solutions by formulating and
modeling real-world problems. This research article presents an innovative approach to using a
computational model, as well as an evaluation of software interfaces for usability.

Methods:
In this work, a machine learning technique is used to classify different mitogenic activated
protein kinases (MAPK), namely extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun amino (N)-
terminal kinases (JNK), and mitogenic kinase (MK2) proteins. A deficiency of ERK and JNK leads
to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and prion
diseases, while the deficiency of MK2 leads to atherosclerosis. In this study, images from a heat
map were normalized, scaled, smoothed, and sharpened. Different feature extraction methods have
been used for various attributes, while principal component analysis was used as a feature selection
technique. These features were extracted with machine learning algorithms to produce promising
results for clinical applications.

Results:
The results show that ANN achieves 97.09%, 96.82%, and 96.01% accuracy for JNK,
ERK, and MK2 proteins, respectively, whereas CNN achieves 97.60%, 97.36%, and 96.81% accuracy
for the same proteins. When CNN is used, the best results are obtained for JNK protein, with a
training accuracy of 97.06% and a testing accuracy of 97.6%.

Conclusion:
The proposed computational model is validated using a convolution neural network
(CNN). The effect of the hidden layer on different activation functions has been then observed using
ANN and CNN. The proposed model may assist in the detection of various MAPK proteins,
yielding promising results for clinical diagnostic applications.
NAD+ Consuming Enzymes: Involvement in Therapies and Prevention of Human
Diseases
Authors: Masutani Mitsuko , Miwa Masanao , Poltronieri Palmiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Neuroprotection is one of the hot topics in medicine. Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) degeneration, and axonal degeneration have been studied for the involvement of NAD
depletion. Localized NAD+ depletion could lead to overactivation and crowding of local NAD+ salvage pathways. It
has been stated that NAD+ depletion caused by PARPs and PAR cycling has been related to metabolic diseases and
cancer. Additionally, it is now acknowledged that SARM1 dependent NAD+ depletion causes axon degeneration. New
targeted therapeutics, such as SARM1 inhibitors, and NAD+ salvage drugs will help alleviate the dysfunctions affecting
cell life and death in neurodegeneration as well as in metabolic diseases and cancer.
Effects of Vortioxetine on Cognition and Fatigue in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Depression: A Case Series Study
Authors: Gil-Sanchez Anna , Canudes Marc , Valcheva Petya , Nogueras Lara , González-Mingot Cristina , Hervás José Vicente , Peralta Silvia , Solana Maria , Brieva Luis 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant drug that has been reported to
have a positive impact on cognition, social function, and fatigue. Nevertheless, it has not been widely
studied. Our objective was to explore the effects of vortioxetine on these and other parameters in patients
with multiple sclerosis (MS) and depression.

Patients and Methodology:
This observational case series study included patients with MS and depression
who received treatment with vortioxetine for at least 6 months. The patient history of depression
and depressive symptoms was assessed. A neuropsychiatric evaluation was carried out using different
scales, both before and after treatment.

Results:
Of the 25 patients who enrolled in the study, 17 completed the treatment. Significant improvements
were observed in health status (EQ-5D; p = 0.002), mood (Beck’s Depression Inventory,
BDI-II; p = 0.006), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-State; p = 0.021, and STAI-Trait;
p = 0.011), and in the general health test (Short Form Health Survey, SF-36) for the vitality (p =
0.028) and mental health (p = 0.025) domains of the patients who completed the treatment. However,
no statistically significant differences were observed in the cognitive tests related to attention, information
processing speed, or fatigue.

Conclusion:
In this population, vortioxetine treatment was effective in reducing the symptoms of depression
and improving anxiety, vitality, and mental health. In contrast, it did not produce any improvement
in cognition or fatigue but an increase in sample size would be necessary to confirm these results.
Bell Palsy: Facts and Current Research Perspectives
Authors: Rajangam Jayaraman , Lakshmanan Arun Prasath , Rao K. Umamaheswara , Jayashree D. , Radhakrishnan Rajan , Roshitha B. , Sivanandy Palanisamy , Sravani M. Jyothi , Pravalika K. Hanna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Bell palsy is a non-progressive neurological condition characterized by the acute onset of
ipsilateral seventh cranial nerve paralysis. People who suffer from this type of facial paralysis develop
a droop on one side of their face, or sometimes both. This condition is distinguished by a sudden onset
of facial paralysis accompanied by clinical features such as mild fever, postauricular pain, dysgeusia,
hyperacusis, facial changes, and drooling or dry eyes. Epidemiological evidence suggests that 15 to 23
people per 100,000 are affected each year, with a recurrence rate of 12%. It could be caused by ischaemic
compression of the seventh cranial nerve, which could be caused by viral inflammation.
Pregnant women, people with diabetes, and people with respiratory infections are more likely to have
facial paralysis than the general population. Immune, viral, and ischemic pathways are all thought to
play a role in the development of Bell paralysis, but the exact cause is unknown. However, there is evidence
that Bell's hereditary proclivity to cause paralysis is a public health issue that has a greater impact
on patients and their families. Delay or untreated Bell paralysis may contribute to an increased
risk of facial impairment, as well as a negative impact on the patient's quality of life. For management,
antiviral agents such as acyclovir and valacyclovir, and steroid treatment are recommended. Thus, early
diagnosis accompanied by treatment of the uncertain etiology of the disorder is crucial. This paper
reviews mechanistic approaches, and emerging medical perspectives on recent developments that encounter
Bell palsy disorder.