bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PathogenDx DetectX Combined Demonstrates Equivalent Performance in Comparison to Four AOAC Certified Methods for the Detection of Aspergillus Species, Salmonella Species, and STEC in Dried Hemp Flower
Authors: Katchman Benjamin A , Tomchaney Michael , Rueda Austin , Stice Shaun , Hogan Mike 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
The PathogenDx DetectX Combined method is a certified Performance Tested MethodSM (012201) that is enrichment-free and utilizes a DNA microarray-based end point PCR method for the simultaneous detection of Aspergillus (A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, and A. terreus), Salmonella spp., and a broad range of Shiga toxin-producing Esherichia coli (STEC) from hemp and cannabis flower, edibles, and concentrates.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the PathogenDx DetectX Combined enrichment-free method to four AOAC INTERNATIONAL certified molecular methods that utilize enrichment prior to quantitative PCR (qPCR) amplification in hemp flower for the detection of Aspergillus (A. flavus), S. enterica, and Escherichia coli 026.

Methods
In this method comparison study, each method was evaluated according to the AOAC validated instructions for use (IFU) and the AOAC Appendix J validation guidelines. A total of 16 samples at three levels of contamination (0, 0.7, and 2 CFU/10g test portion) were analyzed by each method. The results for all methods were evaluated by using the probability of detection statistical model (POD).

Results
Results of the validation study demonstrate that the PathogenDx DetectX Combined enrichment-free method is equivalent in performance to the three proprietary methods evaluated in this study.

Conclusion
The method comparison study indicated that the PathogenDx DetectX Combined enrichment-free method provides equivalent detection of the target analytes (A. flavus, Salmonella, and a broad range of STEC) in hemp flower.

Highlights
The performance of The PathogenDx DetectX Combined method is significantly faster and possesses a higher or equivalent degree of sensitivity and specificity. Implementation of this method for routine microbial pathogen analysis in laboratories would save significant time and resources.
An integrated strategy to explore the wine-processed mechanism of Corni Fructus on chronic renal failure based on metabolomics, network analysis and bioinformatics approaches
Authors: Sun Shilin , Jia Xinming , Yang Mengxin , Wang Nan , Zhang Qian , Wang Qiao , Xu Huijun , Liu Minyan , Jin Yiran , Du Yingfeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Corni Fructus is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) for the treatment of various chronic kidney diseases. Wine-processed Corni Fructus (WCF) is the main processed form of Crude Corni Fructus (CCF). In this study, potential mechanisms of action of CCF and WCF on chronic renal failure (CRF) model were developed to explore wine-processed mechanism of Corni Fructus.

Methods
An integrated strategy combining metabolomics, network analysis and bioinformatics analysis has been established to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of WCF and CCF in rats with CRF.

Key findings
The histopathological results showed that both WCF and CCF improved kidney injury and dysfunction of CRF rats, but WCF was more effective than CCF. Metabolic pathway analysis indicated that 24 metabolites and 5 major disturbed pathways associated with CCF, while WCF regulated 27 metabolites and 2 metabolic pathways. Bioinformatic analysis and network analysis revealed that 8 genes and 7 genes were regulated by CCF and WCF on CRF rats, respectively. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction experiments verified the regulatory ability of CCF and WCF on the expression of 4 genes.

Conclusions
An integrated strategy combined metabolomics, network analysis and bioinformatics was established to provide valuable holistic insight to explore the processing mechanism of TCMs.
A Person-Centered, Strengths-Based Framing of Self-Injury
Authors: Lewis Stephen P. , Hasking Penelope A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by discussing existing models of self-injury and highlighting their commonalities. This includes coverage of how many of these conceptualizations are grounded in medical and deficit-based approaches, which may have limitations and unintended consequences. Acknowledging that individuals with lived experience of self-injury have many strengths, an overview of strengths-based movements is presented next. This is followed by introduction to a new person-centered, strengths-based framing of self-injury and the rationale for its need. The chapter concludes by emphasizing how such a framing can be applied and implemented, thereby setting the stage for the second part of the book.
Self-Injury, the Internet, and Social Media
Authors: Lewis Stephen P. , Hasking Penelope A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Communicating and connecting with people via the Internet has emerged as highly salient for people across the globe. It should come as no surprise, then, that individuals with lived experience of self-injury also use the Internet and social media platforms with ubiquity. There are many factors that contribute to why online communication may have relevance to people with lived experience. There are also potential risks and benefits of online communication regarding self-injury. Indeed, online communication about self-injury represents a double-edged sword. Accordingly, the present chapter unpacks the extant literature concerning what motivates people with lived experience to use the Internet alongside what potential risks and benefits this may have. From here, we offer a person-centered contextualization of this literature and offer guidance about how to talk about online communication about self-injury with people who have lived experience.
Addressing Self-Injury in Schools
Authors: Lewis Stephen P. , Hasking Penelope A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although people of all ages can self-injure, most often the behavior first emerges in early adolescence, and appears to be most prevalent among school-aged youth. In most jurisdictions, children between the ages of 6 and 16 are legally required to attend school (or enroll in alternate schooling). With children spending approximately one-third of their day at school, schools offer a unique opportunity to fight stigma associated with self-injury, upskill and educate staff and students, identify students engaging in self-injury, offer early intervention through the school mental health professionals, and engage external supports when required. Further, schools have an opportunity to engage parents and guardians, and in doing so both better support their students and reduce the fears and concerns of caregivers of young people who self-injure. Importantly, students in supportive school environments are less likely to engage in self-injury, and engage in the behavior less frequently if they do self-injure. Consistent with the person-centered approach we propose, schools provide a forum where resilience and strengths can not only be rewarded, but can be actively fostered.
Families and Self-Injury
Authors: Lewis Stephen P. , Hasking Penelope A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the role of families in supporting youth who self-injure. First, it briefly outlines the situations in which families can offer a supportive environment, and environments that might pose an increased risk for self-injury. It then turns to the impact of self-injury on the family. Of note, when a child in the family engages in self-injury, it can be an overwhelming experience for everyone involved. With this in mind, this chapter presents a person-centered approach to parent/caregiver involvement in these contexts. It outlines how caregivers can be supportive in the context of recovery, and outlines tips for initial and ongoing conversations. Finally, it addresses how conversations about self-injury can be undertaken with other family members (e.g., how to talk about other siblings about self-injury).
Applying AMBIT to teacher training
Authors: Dlugosch Andrea , Henter Melanie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The integration of the AMBIT approach into a course of study for student teachers in the field of special needs education is described in this chapter. The application of the AMBIT model to teacher training in Germany began with the introduction of mentalization-based support for teachers in response to high levels of stress and burn-out in the profession. The implementation of the model in teacher training is described, entailing the use of ‘Active Planning’, in the form of sensitive attunement to understand the needs of teachers and broadcasting intentions to share the team’s ideas about what might help. Setting the plan was made possible by combining the student teachers’ and the core team’s ideas and a seminar series for student teachers of pupils with special educational needs was set up as a result. The seminar series introduced mentalization-based ideas and the concept of ‘Thinking Together’ to develop a reflective seminar culture.
What are the future directions for AMBIT?
Authors: Cracknell Liz , Talbot Laura , Smith Rebecca , Fairbairn James , Bevington Dickon , Fuggle Peter 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this concluding chapter the authors outline future directions and areas of development for AMBIT. The first area of change is focused on the basic model. This involves making AMBIT values explicit and improving attention to equity, diversity, and inclusion; using a deployment-based approach to model development; improving outcomes monitoring; and developing AMBIT’s research programme. The second area of development is to increase training capacity and widen diversity both within the AMBIT Programme Team and in the wider community of practice. The third area is to improve implementation, through supporting implementation after training and improving the support to teams provided by the online wiki manual.
Is This Neuropathic Pain?
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 66-year-old man with type II diabetes suffers from lower limb pain mainly described as burning, electric shocks, associated with tingling and pins, needles and numbness. On examination, there is thermoalgesic deficit and allodynia to brush, but no motor impairment or abnormal reflexes. Pain is not relieved by acetaminophen 3 g per day. To complete the diagnostic workup, it is mandatory to assess the link between pain onset and diabetes, determine the exact pain area, assess the quality of pain, and complete the clinical examination. The initial detection of neuropathic pain in primary care may be assessed with screening questionnaires such as the DN4, the LANSS, and PainDETECT.
How to Implement First-Line Therapeutic Management
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a 68-year-old woman who has diabetic painful sensory neuropathy, a frequent cause of neuropathic pain. She has used acetaminophen, paracetamol, codeine, and ibuprofen without any efficacy. Duloxetine was proposed and had acceptable efficacy. Neuropathic pain does not respond to conventional analgesics and therapeutic management is minimally dependent on the aetiology of pain. Recommended first line drugs for neuropathic pain in primary care include serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (particularly duloxetine), tricyclic antidepressants (such as amitriptyline), gabapentin and, pregabalin. These drugs should be proposed as monotherapy first under the principle of individual titration (increase the doses up to side effects or efficacy) and should not be discontinued abruptly.
Pain After Amputation
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a 58-year-old man with phantom limb pain after mid-thigh amputation. The amputation occurred after he stepped on a land mine in Cambodia when he was 23 years old. His pain is described as electric shocks and stabbing. He wears a prosthetic leg. Pain was poorly responsive to oral drug therapy for neuropathic pain and finally responded to mirror therapy. Many patients experience phantom limb pain after amputation. Conventional therapeutic approaches are similar to those of other neuropathic pains, but specific therapeutic approaches include mirror therapy, virtual reality, proprioceptive training, and prosthetic use with somatosensory input.
Pain and Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a 52-year-old woman suffering from shoulder pain after mastectomy with lymph node dissection. However, her pain is not neuropathic but, rather, related to adhesive capsulitis. Pain is common after mastectomy and may be neuropathic or nociceptive. Patients who undergo breast cancer surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are at risk for several types of neuropathic pain, but nociceptive pain after mastectomy with or without radiotherapy is even more common. Particularly after a certain age, these patients may also have chronic pain independently of surgery or radiotherapy. It may be difficult to differentiate distinct pain mechanisms when several types of pains are present in the same neuroanatomical territory, and this may require screening questionnaires.
Cervicobrachial Pain and Cancer
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a man operated on for lung cancer who has a unique bone cervical metastasis responsible for nociceptive pain at the neck responding to opioids and neuropathic pain with burning and innumerable pain paroxysms (electric shocks) at the arm, which are not alleviated by opioids. In this case, transmucosal fentanyl is not mandatory because pain paroxysms are innumerable and of neuropathic origin. In this context, it is advisable to introduce an antineuropathic drug, such as pregabalin or gabapentin, in combination with oral morphine. Neuropathic pain affects up to 40% of cancer patients and is associated with increased pain intensity, analgesic consumption, and decreased quality of life.
Pain and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Moisset Xavier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a middle-aged woman with multiple sclerosis who reports pain of the lower limbs associated with lower limb weakness, spasticity, and fatigue. She also presents with sudden, brief painful episodic spasms of the right leg several times a day, which corresponds to painful tonic spasms. Patients with multiple sclerosis report multiple pain types, including central neuropathic pain, but also spasticity and painful tonic spasms. The latter can be induced or reproduced by hyperventilation and may respond to carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. The treatment of spasticity relies on oral baclofen, tizanidine, gabapentin, and, for more refractory cases, oromucosal spray of nabiximols.
Sudden-Onset Facial Pain
Authors: Gylfadottir Sandra Sif , Finnerup Nanna Brix 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of an elderly man with vascular risk factors who suffers from burning and stabbing facial pain and altered sensation in the same area. He also complains of pain in the contralateral limbs and unsteady gait. On examination, he has abnormal sensation and an unsteady gait, corresponding to his symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging shows a recent infarction in the left dorsal lateral medulla. Central post-stroke pain is a neuropathic pain that occurs after stroke and is a consequence of a central lesion of the somatosensory pathways. Management is similar to that of other neuropathic pains and includes drugs and nondrug therapy such as central neurostimulation techniques.
Pain and Parkinson Disease
Authors: Moisset Xavier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of an elderly man with Parkinson disease (PD) who reports various pain types: nociceptive PD-related pain (dystonic shoulder pain), restless leg syndrome, and low back and neck pain that is PD-unrelated pain related to osteoarthritis. Pain is a common nonmotor symptom in patients with PD, can appear at any time during the disease, and is generally classified as PD-related or PD-unrelated. PD-related pain is generally worsened in off-state and can be improved by dopamine treatment.
Antidepressants and Antiepileptics
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a young man with spinal cord injury pain who does not respond to fluoxetine. Antidepressants and antiepileptics are the mainstay of therapy for neuropathic pain, but not all have the same efficacy. Effective antidepressants include tricyclic agents and drugs acting on the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenalin such as duloxetine, whereas selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants are not effective. Antiepileptics effective in neuropathic pain mainly include gabapentin and pregabalin, whereas sodium channel blockers such as carbamazepine are mainly effective on trigeminal neuralgia. Antidepressants and antiepileptics may be combined at moderate dosages to optimize their efficacy without increasing side effects.
Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a man who suffers from chronic back and leg pain despite spinal surgery, generally referred to as failed back surgery syndrome. Because his pain did not respond to drug medications and was predominantly neuropathic, he appears to be a good candidate for spinal cord stimulation. The latter has been mainly studied in failed back surgery syndrome, with best candidates being those with predominant radicular pain, in complex regional pain syndrome, and in diabetic painful neuropathy. Decisions should be taken after pluriprofessional assessment, including advice from a psychologist or a psychiatrist. Newer technologies include high- to very high-frequency stimulations of generally short duration and low amplitude, burst stimulation, and dorsal root ganglion stimulation.
I Thought They Fixed Me?
Authors: Pizzitola Gina , Mak William , Goldfisher Rachelle 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews how to approach image selection (including plain films, CT, MRI, and ultrasound) for the child who presents with emesis after abdominal surgery. It reviews the benefits and shortcomings of abdominal x-rays, which can serve as an effective starting point in differentiating less concerning complications, such as postoperative ileus and constipation, from more serious pathologies, such as small bowel obstructions or surgical site abscess, which require increased monitoring and possible interventions. It also reviews when it may be advisable to obtain a CT scan, despite radiation, as well as when MRI may serve as an alternative to CT. It reviews how different radiographic signs may guide one toward diagnoses including ileus, small bowel obstruction, intestinal perforation, constipation, and abscess.
Physiology
Authors: Varosyan Armen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides 45 practice multiple-choice questions (MCQs) about physiology along with answers, explanations, and references for further reading to increase your in-depth understanding. The physiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is of prime importance in anaesthesia, so questions covering these topics are always present on the examination paper. In addition, there will also be questions covering other areas of physiology, in particular the central nervous system, renal physiology, coagulation pathways, hormones and the gastrointestinal tract. As far as possible, these questions appear as they would on an actual Part I paper. However, there are some publisher-defined style differences that should not affect your understanding of the questions presented here. The main differences include certain spelling conventions, when and where abbreviations are explained then used in a question, and the presence of Oxford commas, which are present throughout this book but used only for clarification on an examination paper.
Intensive care
Authors: Madach Krisztina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Intensive care medicine is devoted to patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries, who require constant, close monitoring and support from specialist equipment and medications, advanced level medical expertise, and constant access to highly trained nurses to ensure normal organ functions. It is aimed at patients with reversible medical conditions who have a reasonable prospect and physiological reserve for substantial recovery. Few fields in medicine have grown and changed as rapidly and dynamically as intensive care medicine over the past decades. From its origins in the postoperative recovery room, intensive care has extended to cover the needs of patients becoming critically ill in all fields of medicine forging close partnerships among medical subspecialties. This chapter gives 22 examples of how this complex specialty integrates the knowledge and technology contained in many disciplines represented by the classic organ-based subspecialties of medicine.
Orbital fractures
Authors: Teemul Trevor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Orbital fractures occur either with zygomatic fractures, naso-orbitoethmoidal fractures, or in isolation. Ocular injury is commonly associated with orbital fracture. The anatomy of the orbit is important as key landmarks help guide safe access and treatment. In this chapter, clinical assessment and classification are described together with the indications and options for treatment.
Tissue expander and implant breast reconstruction
Authors: Mueller Melissa A. , Clark Emily G. , Evans Gregory R.D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Implant-based breast reconstruction has become the predominant type of breast reconstruction, consisting of two-stage immediate, two-stage delayed, and direct-to-implant reconstruction. Both preoperative and intraoperative considerations guide appropriate choice among these reconstructive options and are discussed. Outside of the United States, greater diversity exists for both tissue expanders and breast implants. Techniques including total submuscular and partial subpectoral pocket creation, acellular dermal matrix use, SPY Elite™ use, pocket and inframammary fold revisions, and timing of reconstructive steps are discussed. With expanding criteria for post-mastectomy radiation, consideration of effects and timing of radiation treatment is essential. Other risk factors associated with complications, such as obesity, smoking, and age, should be utilized for risk stratification and reconstructive decision-making. The future of implant-based breast reconstruction will rely on minimizing costs without sacrificing aesthetics, as well as continued research on fat grafting and biological scaffolds.
Management of complications of microvascular abdominal flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Mureau Marc A.M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Strategies to avoid and manage complications following autologous breast reconstruction using free abdominal flaps are comprehensively presented and discussed. Advances in microsurgical materials and techniques as well as improved knowledge of the vascular anatomy of flaps have made microsurgical abdominal flap breast reconstruction a safe and reliable method. Despite these improvements, major complications such as flap failure, donor site morbidity, or thromboembolic events still occur with potentially serious consequences. Complications following autologous breast reconstructions have been shown to negatively affect early physical health, mental health, abdominal strength, and patient satisfaction. In addition, major surgical and medical complications following autologous breast reconstruction are associated with increased hospital length of stay and greater costs. Therefore, every effort should be made to minimize the chance of complications and if a complication should occur, adequate management is imperative to minimize its consequences.