bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding perceived addiction to and addictiveness of electronic cigarettes among electronic cigarette users: a cross‐sectional analysis of the International Tobacco Control Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) England Survey
Authors: Lohner Valerie , McNeill Ann , Schneider Sven , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Andreas Marike , Szafran Daria , Grundinger Nadja , Demjén Tibor , Fernandez Esteve , Przewozniak Krzysztof , Tountas Yannis , Trofor Antigona , Zatonski Witold , Willemsen Marc C. , Vardavas Constantine , Fong Geoffrey T. , Mons Ute 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe addictive potential of electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) remains to be fully understood. We identified patterns and correlates of perceived addiction to e‐cigarettes and perceived addictiveness of e‐cigarettes relative to tobacco cigarettes (relative addictiveness) in dual users as well as exclusive e‐cigarette users.Design, Setting and ParticipantsObservational study using cross‐sectional survey data from England (2016) from the International Tobacco Control Project (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV) survey. The study comprised 832 current e‐cigarette users who had been vaping for at least 4 months.MeasurementsPerceived addiction to e‐cigarettes and relative addictiveness of e‐cigarettes were examined. Socio‐demographic factors were age, gender and education; markers of addiction included urge to vape, time to first vape after waking and nicotine strength used; vaping and smoking characteristics included frequency and duration of e‐cigarette use, intention to quit, adjustable power or temperature, enjoyment, satisfaction relative to tobacco cigarettes and tobacco cigarette smoking status.FindingsA total of 17% of participants reported feeling very addicted to e‐cigarettes, while 40% considered e‐cigarettes equally/more addictive than tobacco cigarettes. Those who felt very addicted had higher odds of regarding e‐cigarettes as more addictive than tobacco cigarettes (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 2.3–5.1). All markers of addiction, daily use and enjoyment were associated with higher perceived addiction, whereas time to first vape after waking, daily vaping and perceiving vaping as less satisfying than smoking were associated with relative addictiveness.ConclusionsMarkers of addiction to e‐cigarettes appear to correspond with perceived addiction to e‐cigarettes, suggesting that self‐reported perceived addiction might serve as an indicator of addiction. Prevalence both of markers of addiction and perceived addiction were comparatively low overall, suggesting a limited but relevant addictive potential of e‐cigarettes. Additionally, positive and negative reinforcement, reflected here by enjoyment and relative satisfaction, might play a role in e‐cigarette addiction.
Oncologic outcomes in myxofibrosarcomas: the role of a multidisciplinary approach and surgical resection margins
Authors: Rhee Isaac , Spazzoli Benedetta , Stevens Jarrad , Hansa Annjaleen , Spelman Tim , Pang Grant , Guiney Michael , Powell Gerard , Choong Peter , Di Bella Claudia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundsMyxofibrosarcomas (MFS) are malignant soft tissue sarcomas with an infiltrative growth pattern and propensity for local recurrence(LR).We aimed to assess our management of MFS and make recommendations about the role of a multidisciplinary team approach and margin widths.MethodsFifty‐seven patients were identified with MFS treated at a single sarcoma centre between 1998 and 2020. Patients were stratified based on whether they presented for a planned resection (59.6%) or after an unplanned resection (40.4%) performed at a non‐specialized facility. All patients underwent radiotherapy before definitive surgery.Results73.7% underwent a combined onco‐plastic approach. The 5 year LRFS rate was 78.2% (84.4%, planned, versus 70.1%, unplanned, P = 0.194) and found comparable oncological outcomes between the planned and unplanned groups for the 5 year metastasis free survival (74.5% versus 86.1%, P = 0.257), disease free survival (70.1% versus 72.4%, P = 0.677), and Overall Survival (64.5% versus 75.9%, P = 0.950). Margin width ≥ 2 cm was obtained in 84.2% of cases and improved local control (HR = 0.22; 95% CI 0.06–0.81; P = 0.023), metastasis (HR = 0.24; 95% CI 0.07–0.80; P = 0.019) and mortality rates (HR = 0.23; 95% CI 0.09, 0.61; P = 0.003) compared to <2 cm. Margin width > 3 cm did not further affect oncological outcomes.ConclusionOur study shows that a multidisciplinary team approach allows the achievement of low local recurrence rate and good oncological outcomes of myxofibrosarcomas, regardless of presentation status. We recommend a minimum of 2 cm margin width.
Activation of Kir4.1/Kir5.1 contributes to the cyclosporin A‐induced stimulation of the renal NaCl cotransporter and hyperkalemic hypertension
Authors: Gao Zhong‐Xiuzi , Zhou Rui , Li Ming‐Yan , Li Shu‐Ting , Mao Zi‐Hui , Shu Ting‐Ting , Liu Dong‐Wei , Liu Zhang‐Suo , Wu Peng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimCyclosporin A (CsA) is a widely used immunosuppressive drug that causes hypertension and hyperkalemia. Moreover, CsA‐induced stimulation of the thiazide‐sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) in the kidney has been shown to be responsible for the development of hyperkalemic hypertension. In this study, we tested whether CsA induces the activation of NCC by stimulating the basolateral Kir4.1/Kir5.1 channel in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).MethodsElectrophysiology, immunoblotting, metabolic cages, and radio‐telemetry methods were used to examine the effects of CsA on Kir4.1/Kir5.1 activity in the DCT, NCC function, and blood pressure in wild‐type (WT) and kidney‐specific Kir4.1 knockout (KS‐Kir4.1 KO) mice.ResultsThe single‐channel patch clamp experiment demonstrated that CsA stimulated the basolateral 40 pS K+ channel in the DCT. Whole‐cell recording showed that short‐term CsA administration (2 h) not only increased DCT K+ currents but also shifted the K+ current (IK) reversal potential to the negative range (hyperpolarization). Furthermore, CsA administration increased phosphorylated NCC (pNCC) levels and inhibited renal Na+ and K+ excretions in WT mice but not in KS‐Kir4.1 KO mice, suggesting that Kir4.1 is required to mediate CsA effects on NCC function. Finally, long‐term CsA infusion (14 days) increased blood pressure, plasma K+ concentration, and total NCC or pNCC abundance in WT mice, but these effects were blunted in KS‐Kir4.1 KO mice.ConclusionWe conclude that CsA stimulates basolateral K+ channel activity in the DCT and that Kir4.1 is essential for CsA‐induced NCC activation and hyperkalemic hypertension.
Trophic ecology, microhabitat specificity and morphology of Gymnodactylus darwinii Gray, 1845 (Squamata, Phyllodactylidae) in an Atlantic Forest remnant in north‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Oitaven Leonardo P. C. , Grossi Paschoal Coelho , Tinoco Moacir Santos , Ribeiro Felipe da Silva , de Moura Geraldo Jorge Barbosa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEcological aspects are essential for testing hypotheses about the characteristics, evolutionary processes and behaviour patterns of different taxa. However, for many neotropical lizards, like Gymnodactylus darwinii, such information is scant in the literature. This lizard is endemic to the Atlantic rainforest, occurring from Rio Grande do Norte to São Paulo. Herein, the aspects of trophic ecology, microenvironmental specificity and sexual dimorphism were analysed from 65 collected individuals and 15 sighted individuals in two conservation units: Camucim and Tapacurá, located in São Lourenço da Mata, north‐eastern region of Brazil. The data found classify G. darwinii as a saxicolous lizard, with a preference for rocky outcrops, without sexual dimorphism. According to its trophic ecology, the species is considered a generalist and sit–wait forager. Arthropods, especially Orthoptera and Araneae, dominate the lizard's diet. Neither of these aspects differed between seasons. The present study also shows the importance of the domain conservation, with the aim to provide resources for many vertebrates, especially endemic species.
ESG and volatility risk: International evidence
Authors: Sabbaghi Omid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study examines the volatility risk for firms that are rated high on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) dimensions in emerging markets and developed markets outside the United States and Canada. Employing the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) ESG Leader indices, this study investigates the impact of good news and bad news on the volatility risk for the highest ESG‐rated firms through multivariate DCC‐EGARCH modeling. This study finds that the impact of a negative news shock of size 2 standard deviations is approximately 45% higher than that of a positive news shock of the same size for the case of the developed markets under interest. With respect to emerging markets, this study reports that the impact of a negative news shock of size 2 standard deviations is 41% higher than that of a positive news shock of the same size. The results provide empirical evidence in support of the hypothesis that the volatility impact of news for high ESG‐rated firms in developed markets and emerging markets is larger for bad news compared to good news, and the results are robust across time. The empirical findings underline the importance of reporting‐related disclosures of ESG initiatives, and provide seminal evidence of a slow response to news by high ESG‐rated firms in emerging markets.
Ethical judgments in the sharing economy: When consumers misbehave, providers complain
Authors: Culiberg Barbara , Čater Barbara , Abosag Ibrahim , Gidaković Petar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe complex triadic relationships among consumers, providers, and platforms in the sharing economy have led to increasing conflicts in the interactions between the actors involved, especially when it comes to unethical behavior, such as rule breaking by consumers. This paper examines consumer misbehavior from the perspective of their peers, i.e., service providers. In two studies (an experiment and a survey, combined N = 452), we observe a significant positive effect of ethical climate and a significant negative effect of trust in consumers on providers' strictness of ethical judgments of consumer misbehavior and through this on negative word of mouth. Further, the survey results show that the relationship between the strictness of ethical judgments and negative word of mouth is only significant for providers with low or medium levels of trust in the platform. The results highlight the importance of regulating consumer misbehavior in the sharing economy.
Future‐like‐ours as a metaphysical reductio ad absurdum argument of personal identity
Authors: Chaffer Tomer Jordi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDon Marquis' future‐like‐ours account is regarded as the best secular anti‐abortion position because he frames abortion as a wrongful killing via deprivation of a valuable future. Marquis objects to the reductio ad absurdum of contraception as being immoral because it is too difficult to identify an individual that is deprived of a future. To demonstrate why Marquis’ treatment of the contraception reductio is flawed by his own future‐like‐ours line of reasoning, I offer an argument for why there is indeed a candidate for harm—the ovum—for it can be viewed as providing the functional foundation for a new life through (1) mitochondrial DNA inheritance, (2) paternal histone restructuring during fertilization, and (3) ability to initiate parthenogenesis. As evidenced by these distinct and natural features of ova, candidate (2) “some ovum or other” should be morally prioritized as the direct candidate for harm in the contraception reductio. By assessing the philosophical inconsistencies in Marquis’ future‐like‐ours argument, this paper provides strong metaphysical grounds for rejecting the best secular anti‐abortion position.
Primary cilia, A‐kinase anchoring proteins and constitutive activity at the orphan G protein‐coupled receptor GPR161: A tale about a tail
Authors: Patel Kinjal , Smith Nicola J. 
Published: February 2023

Primary cilia are non‐motile antennae‐like structures responsible for sensing environmental changes in most mammalian cells. Ciliary signalling is largely mediated by the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway, which acts as a master regulator of ciliary protein transit and is essential for normal embryonic development. One particularly important player in primary cilia is the orphan G protein‐coupled receptor, GPR161. In this review, we introduce GPR161 in the context of Shh signalling and describe the unique features on its C‐terminus such as PKA phosphorylation sites and an A‐kinase anchoring protein motif, which may influence the function of the receptor, cAMP compartmentalisation and/or trafficking within primary cilia. We discuss the recent putative pairing of GPR161 and spexin‐1, highlighting the additional steps needed before GPR161 could be considered ‘deorphanised’. Finally, we speculate that the marked constitutive activity and unconventional regulation of GPR161 may indicate that the receptor may not require an endogenous ligand.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
A waterfowl seed‐dispersal network from the Neotropical region is nested and modular
Authors: Silva Giliandro G. , Pizo Marco Aurélio , Green Andy J. , Sebastián‐González Esther , Bugoni Leandro , Maltchik Leonardo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeed dispersal by vertebrates is fundamental for the persistence of plant species, forming networks of interactions that are often nested and modular. Networks involving angiosperms and frugivorous birds are relatively well‐studied in the Neotropical region, but there are no previous studies of networks involving waterbirds. Here, we describe the structure of a Neotropical waterfowl seed‐dispersal network and identify the species that have an important role for the network structure. We used information on 40 plant taxa found in fecal samples of five common waterfowl species to calculate the nestedness (NODF), weighted nestedness (WNODF), modularity, and weighted modularity of the network. We found that the network was nested, with yellow‐billed teal showing the highest contribution both to nestedness and weighted nestedness. Twenty‐four plant species contributed positively to weighted nestedness, with Salzmann's mille graines presenting the highest influence both to nestedness and weighted nestedness. The network was modular, but the weighted modularity was not significant. These results need to be considered with caution due to incomplete interaction sampling for two species. Ringed teal, Brazilian teal, and yellow‐billed teal were considered hub modular species. Among plants, beak sedges and water snowflake were considered modular hub species, while Salzmann's mille graines and spikerush were network connectors. The structure of this Neotropical waterbird seed‐dispersal network differed from the only previous waterfowl network study, from Europe, which found similar level of nestedness but no significant modularity. We include several possible explanations for this discrepancy and identified priorities for future research into waterbird–plant interaction networks.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Adverse childhood experiences and association with poorer health and health‐harming behaviours in adulthood among the Americans
Authors: Islam M. Mazharul , Rashid Maieasha , Rashid Mamunur 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as abuse and neglect have an immediate impact on children and are associated with poorer health and behavioural outcomes in adulthood. This study examined the prevalence of ACEs and their association with socio‐demographic factors, physical and mental health, morbidity and health‐harming behaviours in adulthood among Americans.MethodData for the study come from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), covering a sample of 116 032 adult respondents from 22 states of the United States. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, including multiple logistic regression models, were employed to analyse the data.ResultsAt least one kind of ACE was found to be quite common among American adults, as 60% of adults had at least one kind of ACE, 22.5% had one ACE and 17% had four or more ACEs during 0–17 years of life. Of the total ACEs, 42.2% were due to abuse (physical, emotional or sexual), and 46% were due to any kind of household dysfunction. There is an increasing trend in ACEs in the United States. Adults with low socio‐economic status, female, living in urban areas, gay or bisexual orientation, minority other than White and unemployed had a significantly higher prevalence of ACEs than their counterparts. ACEs were found to be significantly associated with poor physical and mental health; health‐harming behaviours such as binge drinking, heavy drinking and smoking; and chronic morbidities.ConclusionProgrammes aimed at reducing ACEs and mitigating the harms of ACEs among those who have already experienced them should be strengthened to improve public health and quality of life and reduce health‐harming behaviours.
“I always think about tomorrow what I'll eat” an exploration of the experiences of adolescents in poor urban contexts in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Ade Diana , Salifu Yendork Joana , Darkwah Ernest 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPoverty deprives children and adolescents of good sanitation, nutrition, shelter, education, quality water, health services and negatively lead to poor physical and mental health. However, limited studies exist on the experiences of adolescents in poor urban contexts in Ghana. Using 20 adolescents from James Town, Accra, findings show adolescents look beyond money when conceptualizing poverty. They also encounter both pleasant and negative experiences in their context while remaining determined to pursue education for a better future. Implications are discussed considering the need to promote communal support because of its relevance to the well‐being of the adolescents within poor urban contexts.
Long‐term performance of implants with moderately rough anodized surface supporting single‐tooth restorations: A retrospective analysis with an up to 15‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kowar Jan , Lund Henrik , Stenport Victoria Franke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to evaluate long‐term clinical and radiologic performance of anodized surface implants supporting single implant restorations.Materials and MethodsPatients who received at least one anodized surface implant for a single‐tooth restoration between 2003 and 2004 in the Brånemark clinic (Göteborg, Sweden) were included in the study. The assessed outcomes included implant survival, biological and technical complications, as well as marginal bone levels (MBL) based on radiographs. Baseline data on patient demographics, implant placement, and surgery details were also collected. The cumulative survival rate (CSR) was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsThe study included 97 patients with 129 implants. Mean patient age at the time of implant placement was 31.7 ± 16.4 years. All implants were placed in a two‐stage approach with delayed loading. The last follow‐up visit was on average 13.4 ± 4.8 years after implant insertion. Three implants failed, yielding the implant‐level 15‐year CSR of 97.4%. Majority of the implants had no biological (70.5%) nor technical (81.4%) complications. The mean MBL was −1.0 ± 0.7 mm (n = 101) at prosthetic placement and −1.8 ± 1.0 mm (n = 80) at the last follow‐up, while the mean marginal bone loss (MBL) from prosthetic placement to last follow‐up was 0.6 ± 1.1 mm (n = 65).ConclusionsModerately rough anodized implants have shown favorable long‐term outcomessingle‐tooth indication, with high survival and a low rate of technical complications. Furthermore, long‐term studies are needed to present longitudinal data on peri‐implantitis.
Gender differences in clinical characteristics of patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in different age groups in northern China
Authors: Zhou Yu‐yan , Wang Yu‐hong , He Si‐qi , Wang Wan‐ying , Wang Xiao‐yue , Li De‐shuai , Chen Xiao‐ting , Feng Xiao‐kai , Bu Xiao‐ning 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatient gender has clinical and prognostic implications in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, yet the potential effect of gender on clinical characteristics of patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is still unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the gender differences in clinical characteristics of patients with bronchiectasis in different age groups in northern China.MethodsA total of 777 patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis were retrospectively included in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and divided into two groups by gender: the male group and the female group. Each group was then subdivided into two according to their age (≤65 and >65 years). Gender differences in clinical characteristics were compared in all patients with bronchiectasis in the two age groups, respectively.ResultsA total of 777 bronchiectasis patients were included. Of these patients, the prevalence of female non‐smokers was substantially higher than that of male non‐smokers (94.0% vs. 36.8%). There were gender differences in etiology of bronchiectasis, with more post‐measles and connective tissue disease in females (p = 0.006 and 0.002 separately) and more chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in males (p < 0.001). The male group had a significantly higher C‐reactive protein (CRP) on admission (p = 0.03). Female patients showed a higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s as percentage of predicted volume (FEV1%pred) and forced vital capacity rate of 1 s (FEV1/FVC) (p < 0.001), lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) (p = 0.04) and hospital costs (p = 0.02) than males, and a higher prevalence of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in >65‐year‐old group (p = 0.019).ConclusionsThere were many differences between male and female patients in smoking status, etiology, lung function, blood gas analysis, and hospital costs in all patients or different age groups.
Mapping student understanding of bees: Implications for pollinator conservation
Authors: Cruz Shannon M. , Grozinger Christina M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlobal declines in populations of several bee species have highlighted the importance of efforts to conserve bees and other pollinators. Because research on the social dimensions of pollinator conservation is limited, however, developing clear strategies to promote conservation behaviors remains a challenge. In an effort to contribute to understanding of these social dimensions of conservation, we used semantic network analysis and content coding to investigate knowledge and understanding of bees among U.S. college students with either a low (n = 233) or high (n = 93) interest in this topic. Results revealed that both groups' understanding of bees was organized around their utilitarian value for humans, particularly honey production. Furthermore, although student knowledge of bees was fairly accurate, it was not very sophisticated. Knowledge about honey bees was also more accurate than knowledge about bees in general. Implications for future conservation and education efforts are discussed.