bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forests on the move: Tracking climate‐related treeline changes in mountains of the northeastern United States
Authors: Tourville Jordon , Publicover David , Dovciak Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimAlpine treeline ecotones are influenced by environmental drivers and are anticipated to shift their locations in response to changing climate. Our goal was to determine the extent of recent climate‐induced treeline advance in the northeastern United States, and we hypothesized that treelines have advanced upslope in complex ways depending on treeline structure and environmental conditions.LocationWhite Mountain National Forest (New Hampshire) and Baxter State Park (Maine), USA.TaxonHigh‐elevation tree species—Abies balsamea, Picea mariana and Betula cordata.MethodsWe compared current and historical high‐resolution aerial imagery to quantify the advance of treelines over the last four decades, and link treeline changes to treeline form (demography) and environmental drivers. Spatial analyses of the aerial images were coupled with ground surveys of forest vegetation and topographical features to ground‐truth treeline classification and provide information on treeline demography and additional potential drivers of treeline locations. We used multiple linear regression models to examine the importance of both topographic and climatic variables on treeline advance.ResultsRegional treelines have significantly shifted upslope over the past several decades (on average by 3 m/decade). Gradual diffuse treelines (characterized by declining tree density) showed significantly greater upslope shifts (5 m/decade) compared to other treeline forms, suggesting that both climate warming and treeline demography are important correlates of treeline shifts. Topographical features (slope, aspect) as well as climate (accumulated growing degree days, AGDD) explained significant variation in the magnitude of treeline advance (R2 = 0.32).Main ConclusionsThe observed advance of treelines is consistent with the hypothesis that climate warming induces upslope treeline shifts. Overall, our findings suggest that gradual diffuse treelines at high elevations may be indicative of climate warming more than other alpine treeline ecotones and thus they can inform us about past and ongoing climatic changes.
Alleviation of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis by targeting RIPK1‐mediated inflammatory signalling
Authors: Cao Xin , Peng Sisi , Yan Ying , Li Jun , Zhou Jianping , Dai Hongwei , Xu Jie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTemporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA), prevalent in adolescents and the elderly, has serious physical and psychological consequences. TMJOA is a degenerative disease of the cartilage and bone, mostly driven by inflammation, and synoviocytes are the first and most important inflammatory factor releasers. Receptor‐interacting serine/threonine‐protein kinase (RIPK1) promotes inflammatory response and cell death during an array of illnesses. This research aimed to explore the impacts of RIPK1 inhibitor therapy in TMJOA and the mechanism of RIPK1 in inducing inflammation during TMJOA. Herein, inhibition of RIPK1 suppressed the elevated levels of inflammatory factors, nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), along with markers of apoptosis and necroptosis after tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α/cycloheximide (CHX) treatment in synoviocytes. Moreover, inflammation models were constructed in vivo through complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induction and disc perforation, and the findings supported that RIPK1 inhibition protected TMJ articular cartilage against progressive degradation. RIPK1 regulates NF‐κB activation via cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAP), apoptosis via caspase‐8, and necroptosis via RIPK3/mixed lineage kinase domain‐like (MLKL) in synoviocytes, which in turn facilitates TMJOA inflammation progression.
Integrated network pharmacology to investigate the mechanism of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge in the treatment of myocardial infarction
Authors: Huang Xueying , Zhang Muxin , Song Yu , Sun Bowen , Lin Lin , Song Xiaoli , Li Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSalvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a natural drug for treating myocardial infarction (MI). However, the targets and mechanisms of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge in the treatment of MI are yet to be elucidated. Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) data were used to screen out chemical constituents, and UniProt was used to predict relevant targets. Disease targets were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man and GeneCards databases. We used the STRING platform to build a protein–protein interaction network and used Cytoscape_v3.8.1 software to make a Drug–Ingredients–Gene Symbols–Disease network map. The Metascape database was used to perform gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses for drug–disease overlapping gene symbols. The targets identified by network pharmacology were further verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Seventy‐five active components of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge were obtained from the TCMSP database, while 370 disease targets and 29 cross‐targets were obtained from the Genecards database. The KEGG pathway enrichment results suggested that the mechanism of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge in the treatment of MI was significantly related to the VEGF signalling pathway. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to evaluate the reliability of some important active ingredients and targets. S. miltiorrhiza Bunge alleviated the damage to cardiac function, attenuated myocardial fibrosis and protected endothelial cell function by increasing the expression of TGF‐β and VEGFA. S. miltiorrhiza Bunge showed the therapeutic effect of MI by promoting the expression of VEGFA signalling pathway, providing a reliable basis for exploring herbal treatment of MI.
Influence of matrix pH on batch thermal pasteurization of sweet lime juice: Global kinetic models for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and polyphenol oxidase inactivation and degradation of vitamin C
Authors: Chakraborty Snehasis , Shaik Lubna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA set of experiments were conducted to screen the most thermo‐resistant microorganism and spoilage enzyme in sweet lime juice. Furthermore, the impact of matrix pH on the batch thermal treatment (75–95°C/0–10 min) intensities on Saccharomyces cerevisiae survival, PPO inactivation, and vitamin C retention in the sweet lime juice was evaluated. The influence of cumulative come‐up time (tCUT) and cooling time (tCOOL) was separated from the isothermal holding period (tHOLD). All three responses fitted best to the first‐order kinetics. The rate constants (k) ranged between 0.0053 and 0.471 s−1 (for S. cerevisiae), 0.00114 and 0.00731 s−1 (for PPO), and 0.000017 and 0.000142 s−1 (for vitamin C). The microbial and enzyme inactivation rate increased at a low pH level for a certain temperature, whereas, for vitamin C, an opposite trend was prominent through marginal. A new global kinetic model for k as a function of matrix pH and the temperature was developed in which the sensitivity of k to pH change was introduced as SpH. The optimized thermally pasteurized juice (95°C/298 s of holding time) at pH 3.5 showed >5 log cycle reduction in S. cerevisiae count (t5D, s) and 99% inactivation in PPO activity (t99, s) while retaining 57% vitamin C and 39% loss in total phenolics. The optimally treated pasteurized sample at pH 3.5 was examined for phenolic profiling, microbial cell morphology, and enzyme conformational change. The thermally pasteurized sample had a sensory acceptance of 6.9 out of 9 scales.Practical applicationsThe present study developed a systematic study for designing a thermal pasteurization condition for sweet lime juice. First, the most thermo‐resistant microorganism and spoilage enzymes in sweet lime juice were screened out based on the sensitivity index. Further, a global kinetic model was developed for the most resistant microorganisms, resistant enzymes, and vitamin C. This model can describe the impact of matrix pH and temperature on the treatment time to achieve microbial safety and enzymatic stability. Pasteurization time was estimated for each combination of pH and temperature. Assessing the impact of pH levels in the matrix on the effectiveness of thermal pasteurization would assist the industry in determining optimal harvesting conditions for fruit with the desired pH.
Justifying by degrees: A grounded theory of men's decision‐making process in infidelity
Authors: Perez Carlos , Fife Stephen T. , Eggleston Dane , Whiting Jason B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInfidelity is a common reason couples seek therapeutic help as betrayed partners are often hurt and dismayed by their partners' decision to engage in an extradyadic relationship. Despite its common occurrence, there are very few empirical studies of the decision‐making process behind infidelity. To address this gap, the current study used grounded theory, a qualitative approach commonly used to develop theories from participants' experiences, to explore men's processes in deciding to engage in infidelity. Analysis of interviews with participants (n = 13) resulted in a grounded theory of decision‐making by cisgender men who participated in infidelity while in a committed, heterosexual relationship. The results suggest that the decision involves a continuous process of justification and rationalization. Major categories of the theory include the preaffair context, snowballing, motivated reasoning, and postaffair decisions. Clinical implications are also included.
Talking and making meaning about parental mental health problems: The role of children's family caregivers
Authors: Gammage Rebecca J. , Nolte Lizette 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhen a parent is less able to meet their children's needs due to a severe and enduring mental health problem (MHP), other adult family members often help with childcare. We present a Grounded Theory of how children's family caregivers construct meaning about the parental MHP and communicate about it with children. Nineteen caregivers participated in qualitative interviews. Each supported at least one related child aged 4–17 years with a parent with MHPs. We found that caregivers engaged in a Core Social Process of providing protection in uncertainty. This comprised three categories as follows: shaping the interactional space, communicating through the developmental process, and engendering a sense of safety. Caregivers appeared to act from a Key Social Positioning of developing a caregiver identity. The findings implicate family‐focused provision of mental health and social care. Clinical recommendations are made for whole‐family interventions and the role of marital and family therapists.
Comparison of the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm and Copenhagen Index for the preoperative assessment of Japanese women with ovarian tumors
Authors: Iizuka Makoto , Hamada Yoshinobu , Matsushima Jun , Ichikawa Teppei , Irie Taichi , Yamaguchi Noriko , Sakamoto Shuichi , Ban Shinichi , Takakura Satoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) and Copenhagen Index (CPH‐I) in their ability to distinguish epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and malignant ovarian tumors (MLOT) from benign ovarian tumors (BeOT) in Japanese women.MethodsPatients with pathologically diagnosed ovarian tumors were included in this study. The study validated the diagnostic performance of ROMA and CPH‐I.ResultsAmong the 463 Japanese women included in this study, 312 had BeOT, 99 had EOC, and 52 had other MLOT. The receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUCs) of ROMA (0.89) and CPH‐I (0.89) for distinguishing EOC from BeOT were significantly higher than that of CA125 (0.82) (CA 125 vs. ROMA; p = 0.002, vs. CPH‐I; p < 0.001). The ROC‐AUCs of ROMA (0.82) and CPH‐I (0.81) for distinguishing MLOT from BeOT were significantly higher than that of CA125 (0.75) (CA 125 vs. ROMA: p = 0.003, vs. CPH‐I: p < 0.001). The sensitivity (SN)/specificity (SP) of ROMA and CPH‐I for distinguishing EOC from BeOT at standard cut‐off points were 69%/90%, and 69%/90%, respectively, those for distinguishing MLOT from BeOT were 54%/90%, and 55%/90%, respectively.ConclusionROMA and CPH‐I performed comparably well and better than CA125 in distinguishing EOC from BeOT in Japanese women. ROMA and CHP‐I should be used with caution in practical situations, where all histological possibilities for must be considered, because the SNs of ROMA and CPH‐I were only 54% and 55%.
The innovation paradox of global work: Does cultural tightness shape or constrain innovative behaviour?
Authors: Farmer Steven M. , Lorenz Melanie P. , Ramsey Jase R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrawing on role identity, dynamic constructivism and the norm‐based model of cultural tightness, we examine the innovation paradox of whether and how congruence of home and host culture in tandem with creative role identity not only enhances but also constrains different facets of innovative behaviour for global workers. Results reveal that the effects of loose home employees' cultural tightness congruence on idea generation and idea realization behaviours depend on creative role identity (Study 1), that idea generation may be more salient in loose cultures (Study 2) and that when exposed to an incongruent tight culture, individuals temporarily switch their innovative identity content to fit the alternative cultural frame (Study 3). Our results paint a complex and dynamic picture of cultural exposure and role identity on innovative behaviour. Our results also suggest that cultural considerations and organizational interventions that shape the content of creative role identity may enhance innovative behaviours for global workers.
Identification of Clonostachys rogersoniana as a causal agent of sisal leaf blight disease in South China
Authors: Li Erli , Wang Guihua , Wu Weihuai , Xi Jingen , Chen Helong , Huang Xing , Tan Shibei , Liang Yanqiong , Yi Kexian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA novel strain of leaf blight disease affecting sisal leaves was discovered at the Hongshan farm of Yulin City, Guangxi Province, in 2022. Ten fungal isolates were identified in the infected sisal leaves and classified into six categories (22GX3‐1 to 6). Pathogenicity testing revealed that only 22GX3‐2 and two morphologically similar isolates induced symptoms similar to those detected in the field. Based on morphological analysis and nucleotide sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rRNA gene, translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1) and tubulin beta chain 2 (TUB2) genes, the fungal isolate 22GX3‐2 was identified as Clonostachys rogersoniana. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting sisal leaf blight caused by Clonostachys rogersoniana.
“Visual Type? Not My Type”: A Systematic Study on the Learning Styles Neuromyth Employing Frequentist and Bayesian Statistics
Authors: Touloumakos Anna K. , Vlachou Evangelia , Papadatou‐Pastou Marietta 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe term learning styles (LS) describes the notion that individuals have a preferred modality of learning (i.e., vision, audition, or kinesthesis) and that matching instruction to this modality results in optimal learning. During the last decades, LS has received extensive criticism, yet they remain a virtual truism within education. One of the major strands of criticism is the fact that only a handful of studies have systematically put the LS assumptions to the test. In this study, we aimed to explore whether learners who are visual types will be better at learning sign‐words (i.e., ecologically valid stimuli) compared to auditory and kinesthetic types. Ninety‐nine volunteers (67 females, mean age = 28.66 years) naive to Greek Sign Language (GSL) were instructed to learn 20 GSL sign‐words. The volunteers further completed two LS questionnaires (i.e., the Barsch Learning Styles Inventory and the Learning Channels Inventory) and they also reported what their LS they believed was. No evidence of a difference in learning sign‐words among individuals with different LS (as identified by either of the LS questionnaires or by direct self‐report) was found, neither using a frequentist nor using a Bayesian approach to data analysis. Moreover, inconsistencies between the way participants were classified based on the different measures and direct self‐report were detected. These findings add further support to the criticism of the LS theory and its use in educational settings. We suggest that research and practice resources should be allocated to evidence‐based approaches.
Musculoskeletal impairments after critical illness: A protocol for a qualitative study of the experiences of patients, family and health care professionals
Authors: King Elizabeth , Gustafson Owen , Williams Annabel , Vollam Sarah , Williams Mark A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurvivors of critical care are at risk of long‐term disability from musculoskeletal (MSK) impairments. These can have a biopsychosocial impact on the patient and their families with a reduction in health‐related quality of life, increased health care utilization, caregiving roles and associated psychological distress.AimsTo understand the experiences of patients living with MSK impairments following critical illness, and family and health care professionals supporting them, to inform the development of a future intervention to improve MSK health following critical illness.Study DesignA four‐site qualitative case study approach will be taken, with each of the four hospital sites and associated community services representing a case site. We will conduct semi‐structured interviews with 10–15 patients/family members and 10–15 health care professionals about their experiences of MSK impairment following critical illness. Interviews will be audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis within a descriptive phenomenological approach. Alongside interview data, analysis of publicly available policy documentation, patient‐facing materials and information from service leads at the four sites will be conducted. Discourse analysis will be used for this case study documentation.ResultsThis protocol describes a qualitative study exploring the experiences of patients living with MSK impairments following critical illness, and the family and health care professionals supporting them.Relevance to Clinical PracticeData analysis will illuminate their experiences and enable data richness to contribute to the qualitative body of evidence of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. These findings will inform the development of a complex intervention for MSK rehabilitation after critical illness.
Numbers without aggregation
Authors: Henning Tim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSuppose we can save either a larger group of persons or a distinct, smaller group from some harm. Many people think that, all else equal, we ought to save the greater number. This article defends this view (with qualifications). But unlike earlier theories, it does not rely on the idea that several people's interests or claims receive greater aggregate weight. The argument starts from the idea that due to their stakes, the affected people have claims to have a say in the rescue decision. As rescuers, our primary duty is to respect these procedural claims, which we must do by doing what these people would decide, in a process where each is given an equal vote on the matter. So in cases where each votes in their own self‐interest, respect for their equal right to decide, or their autonomy, will lead us to save the greater number. The argument is explained in detail, with special attention to the questions of how, exactly, it avoids aggregation, and of why majority rule is superior to lottery procedures. The view has further advantages. Especially, it explains the “partial” relevance of numbers in cases involving unequal harms, and it does so in a way that dissolves the appearance of paradox that besets theories of “partial aggregation.”
A novel approach to egg and math: Improved geometrical standardization of any avian egg profile
Authors: Narushin Valeriy G. , Orszulik Stefan T. , Romanov Michael N. , Griffin Darren K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeveloping a geometric formulation of any biological object has a number of justifications and applications. Recently, we developed a universal geometric figure for describing a bird's egg in any of the possible basic shapes: spherical, ellipsoidal, ovoid, and pyriform. The formulation proved widely applicable but had a number of drawbacks, including a very obvious join between two parts of the egg. To correct this, we developed the Main Axiom of the universal mathematical formula. This essentially involved making the ordinate of the extremum of the function correspond to half the maximum egg breadth (B), and the abscissa to the reciprocal of the parameter w that reflects the shift of the vertical axis to its coincidence with B. This, in turn, helped us develop a new, simplified mathematical model without a nonbiological join. Experimental verification was performed to confirm the adequacy of the new geometric figure. It accurately described actual avian eggs of various shapes more closely than our previous model. To the best of our knowledge, our new, simplified equation can be applied as a standard for any bird egg that exists in nature. As a rather simple equation, it can be used in a broad range of applications.
Cranio‐cervical abnormalities in moderate‐to‐severe osteogenesis imperfecta – Genotypic and phenotypic determinants
Authors: Marulanda Juliana , Retrouvey Jean‐Marc , Lee Brendan , Sutton V. Reid ,   Members of the BBDC, Rauch Frank , Briner Michelle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionCranio‐cervical anomalies are significant complications of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a rare bone fragility disorder that is usually caused by mutations in collagen type I encoding genes.ObjectiveTo assess cranio‐cervical anomalies and associated clinical findings in patients with moderate‐to‐severe OI using 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of CBCT scans in 52 individuals with OI (age 10–37 years; 32 females) and 40 healthy controls (age 10–32 years; 26 females). Individuals with a diagnosis of OI type III (severe, n = 11), type IV (moderate, n = 33) and non‐collagen OI (n = 8) were recruited through the Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium. Controls were recruited through the orthodontic clinic of the University of Missouri‐Kansas City (UMKC).ResultsOI and control groups were similar in mean age (OI: 18.4 [SD: 7.2] years, controls: 18.1 [SD: 6.3] years). The cranial base angle was increased in the OI group (OI: mean 148.6° [SD: 19.3], controls: mean 130.4° [SD: 5.7], P = .001), indicating a flatter cranial base. Protrusion of the odontoid process into the foramen magnum (n = 7, 14%) and abnormally located odontoid process (n = 19, 37%) were observed in the OI group but not in controls. Low stature, expressed as height z‐score (P = .01), presence of DI (P = .04) and being male (P = .04) were strong predictors of platybasia, whereas height z‐score (P = .049) alone was found as positive predictor for basilar impression as per the Chamberlain measurement.ConclusionThe severity of the phenotype in OI, as expressed by the height z‐score, correlates with the severity of cranial base anomalies such as platybasia and basilar impression in moderate‐to‐severe OI. Screening for cranial base anomalies is advisable in individuals with moderate‐to‐severe OI, with special regards to the individuals with a shorter stature and DI.