bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Сутність та значення публічних механізмів розвитку інноваційної екосистеми України
Authors: Зуєв М. І. 
Published: February 2023

Розглянуто визначення термінів екосистема, інновації, національна інноваційна екосистема, механізмів публічного управління та наведено характеристики інноваційної екосистеми, структуру та частини механізмів публічного управління. Проаналізовано складники механізмів державного управління показують ключові чинники, що дають змогу ефективно працювати на користь суспільства. З'ясовано, що механізми державного управління реалізуються за допомогою її елементів – органів виконавчої влади і сукупності нормативно-правових норм, які затверджують організаційні структури органів виконавчої влади, а також правила реалізації їх функціональних повноважень. Зазначено, що інноваційна екосистема – це сукупність суб'єктів, проєктів та інших елементів інноваційної діяльності, що формують економічні та соціальні зв'язки, та, які взаємодіють на підставі встановлених правових норм, та, які використовують організаційно-інформаційні і фінансові інструменти та ресурси, а їх інноваційна діяльність спрямована на підтримку інноваційного розвитку, створення нових технологій, конкурентоспроможності продукції й розвиток інноваційної діяльності. Встановлено, що публічні механізми розвитку інноваційної екосистеми полягають у множині взаємопов'язаних елементів, які об'єднані та забезпечують практичну реалізацію публічного адміністрування зі створення інновацій, нових технологій, конкурентоспроможної продукції й розвитку інноваційної діяльності шляхом формування економічних і соціальних зв'язків, встановлення юридичних механізмів, організаційно-інформаційних і фінансових інструментів та ресурсів. Охарактеризовано цикл розвитку інновацій на прикладі Національного університету "Львівська політехніка". Визначено елементи, які задіяні у створенні нового інноваційного продукту від початкової фази після появи та обговорення самої ідеї, до моменту виходу на ринок виготовленого на підставі такої ідеї інноваційного продукту.
MONITORING STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE UNIQUE TRANSFORMED LONG-SPAN SHELL OF THE GAZPROM ARENA STADIUM AS A BASE FOR ITS SAFE OPERATION
Authors: FARFEL M. I. , VDOVENKO A. I. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. The main provisions for the development of a system for monitoring the stress-strain state (SSS) of the shell covering the Gazprom Arena stadium are described. This shell characterized by an elevated consequence level under Federal Law 384-FZ belongs to a CS-3 class as per GOST 27752 «Safety of structures in buildings and civil engineering works». According to these documents, a stress-strain state monitoring system should be installed in such a building, functioning for the entire life of the structure.Aim. In this work, an SSS monitoring system was developed and installed in order to determine the parameters of the stress-strain state under continuous control of the unique shell operated at the Gazprom Arena stadium.Materials and methods. The method of determining the parameters of the stress state, including the snow load over the stadium surface, as well as the strain state, was described. The parameters of the strain state were defined using an automated system installed for the first time in construction practice on a unique long-span shell. The process of installing and configuring an automated system of monitoring the strain state was described.Results. A stress-strain state monitoring system was developed that allows continuous monitoring of the unique long-span transformable shell operated at the Gazprom Arena stadium in St. Petersburg. Examples of a graphical deformation scheme were obtained as a result of processing the parameters of the strain state.Conclusions. The development of the most sophisticated stadium in the world having a transformable unique large-span shell and a football field resulted in a sports complex that meets FIFA’s strict requirements for arenas of the World Cup. The system of monitoring the stress-strain state allowed the semi-final and several group matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, as well as eight matches of the European Championship in 2021, to be successfully and safely held. The stadium was ready to host the Champions League Final. Scientific and technical support, including SSS monitoring, ensured the following: monitoring the stress level in the metal elements of a unique long-span shell; determining the movements of its elements; plotting a deformation scheme of the structure; preventing possible emergency situations that occurred and may further occur during the operation of the unique structure.
CHLORIDE CORROSION OF REINFORCING STEEL
Authors: ROZENTAL N. K. , CHEKHNII G. V. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Many years of experience in examining corrosion conditions show the dangerous adverse effects of chloride media on reinforced concrete structures.Although a large number of domestic and foreign publications have been devoted to the aggressive action of chloride salts on reinforcing steel, protection against chloride corrosion remains a relevant issue.Aim. In this work, the state of this problem, along with the methods for determining the chloride content in concrete, was assessed in order to propose the means to increase its protective action in aggressive chloride media.Materials and methods. This article discusses the following issues:– maximum permissible chloride content in concrete;– binding of chlorides by components in the matrix, the role of the mineral composition of cement;– critical evaluation of methods for determining the chloride content in concrete;– reduction of the diffusion permeability of chlorides in concrete as a method of corrosion protection.Results. The article presents the data on moisture tests of reinforced concrete prepared using Portland cement having various contents of alite, belite, and tricalcium aluminate, as well as CaCl2 additive.Indicated were the challenges of identifying aggressive free chlorides in the matrix. The need to develop a standard method for determining free chlorides in concrete was discussed. Until such a standard is developed, the chloride aggressiveness to steel in concrete can be assessed by the electrochemical method. It was shown that concretes of extremely low diffusion permeability obtained using advanced complex additives that reduce the water demand of concrete mixtures and change the charge of the matrix surface can be used as a protection measure against chloride corrosion.Presented are the results of determining the potentials of steel in concrete by electrochemical method, chlorides in concrete by colorimetric method, and diffusion permeability of chlorides in concrete.Conclusion. The corrosion activity of chlorides against reinforcing steel depends on a large number of factors, including the total chloride content and the amount of free, physically, and chemically bound chlorides.Since chloride binding depends on a large number of technological factors, it is recommended to perform electrochemical tests of reinforcing steel in concrete as per GOST 31383 to assess the hazard level of chlorides introduced into concrete with initial materials; a decision on the protective measures for reinforcing steel in chloride environments should be made on the basis of the obtained results.
PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS
Authors: Syaifudin Syaifudin 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Ideally, an Arabic teacher must have absolute empathy for the competencies that have been determined by the National Education Standards, including personal, professional, educational, and social competencies. However, after the evaluation, it is easy to master the four competencies. There are many deficiencies in the teaching-learning process, especially in the less than optimal student learning outcomes, the quality of teaching that does not answer the needs of students, and several other problems. Various types of research are offered for the study of these problems, one of which is classroom action research which is later abbreviated as PTK. PTK instructions to improve students' Arabic learning outcomes, and the quality or quality of teaching an Arabic teacher. Thus, it is necessary to have a mature concept before carrying out the PTK. To collect this concept, the authors conducted a literature study by collecting some literature in the form of journals, books, previous research, and other supporting documents. From the results of the search conducted, it was found that the concept of classroom action used to study and study linguistic fields, especially Arabic, started from a study of the urgency of the research itself which departed from efforts to improve the quality of teaching which had an impact on improving student learning outcomes. Therefore, in implementing PTK, a researcher must choose one of the models offered by the experts by going through two cycles, and of course through several stages or procedures including planning (planning), implementing (action), observation (observation), and reflection (reflection). If the procedure is passed properly, the desired results from the PTK will be realized so that it will have an impact on increasing the quality of teacher teaching and student learning outcomes.
Hubble Space Telescope Transmission Spectroscopy for the Temperate Sub-Neptune TOI-270 d: A Possible Hydrogen-rich Atmosphere Containing Water Vapor
Authors: Mikal-Evans Thomas , Madhusudhan Nikku , Dittmann Jason , Günther Maximilian N. , Welbanks Luis , Van Eylen Vincent , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Daylan Tansu , Kreidberg Laura 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
TOI-270 d is a temperate sub-Neptune discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) around a bright (J = 9.1 mag) M3V host star. With an approximate radius of 2 R
⊕ and equilibrium temperature of 350 K, TOI-270 d is one of the most promising small exoplanets for atmospheric characterization using transit spectroscopy. Here we present a primary transit observation of TOI-270 d made with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) spectrograph across the 1.126–1.644 μm wavelength range, and a 95% credible upper limit of 8.2 × 10−14 erg s−1 cm−2 Å−1 arcsec−2 for the stellar Lyα emission obtained using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. The transmission spectrum derived from the TESS and WFC3 data provides evidence for molecular absorption by a hydrogen-rich atmosphere at 4σ significance relative to a featureless spectrum. The strongest evidence for any individual absorber is obtained for H2O, which is favored at 3σ significance. When retrieving on the WFC3 data alone and allowing for the possibility of a heterogeneous stellar brightness profile, the detection significance of H2O is reduced to 2.8σ. Further observations are therefore required to robustly determine the atmospheric composition of TOI-270 d and assess the impact of stellar heterogeneity. If confirmed, our findings would make TOI-270 d one of the smallest and coolest exoplanets to date with detected atmospheric spectral features.
Jets in a Gamma-Ray Burst during Its Prompt Emission: Evolution of the Lorentz Factor
Authors: Li Jing , Lin Da-Bin , Lu Rui-Jing , Wang Yun , Jiang Lu-Yao , Du Shen-Shi , Liang Wen-Qiang , Wang Xiang-Gao , Liang En-Wei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Knowledge about the Lorentz factor and its evolution of relativistic jets in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is crucial to understand their physics. An exact value of the bulk Lorentz factor can be estimated based on a high-energy spectral cutoff, which may appear in the GRBs’ prompt emission owing to the absorption of photon–photon pair production. In this work, we focus on an investigation of the bulk Lorentz factor evolution of jets in an individual burst. Based on Fermi observations, we search for bursts with multiple GRB pulses characterized by a high-energy spectral cutoff, and nine GRBs are obtained. Together with the estimation of the pulse duration and radiation spectrum, the Lorentz factor of jets corresponding to different pulses in an individual GRB is estimated. It is shown that the Lorentz factor of jets in an individual GRB fluctuates within a certain range and without a general trend in these nine GRBs. In addition, the Lorentz factors of the jets in GRBs 130821A, 160509A, and 160625B seem to increase with time. We also study the relations among L
iso, E
p,z, and Γ for the pulses in our sample, which are found to be consistent with those found in previous works.
Detection of Solar Filaments Using Suncharts from Kodaikanal Solar Observatory Archive Employing a Clustering Approach
Authors: Priyadarshi Aditya , Hegde Manjunath , Jha Bibhuti Kumar , Chatterjee Subhamoy , Mandal Sudip , Chowdhury Mayukh , Banerjee Dipankar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With over 100 yr of solar observations, the Kodaikanal Solar Observatory (KoSO) is a one-of-a-kind solar data repository in the world. Among its many data catalogs, the “suncharts” at KoSO are of particular interest. These suncharts (1904–2020) are colored drawings of different solar features, such as sunspots, plages, filaments, and prominences, made on papers with a Stonyhurst latitude–longitude grid etched on them. In this paper, we analyze this unique data by first digitizing each sunchart using an industry-standard scanner and saving those digital images in a high-resolution “.tif” format. We then examine cycle 19 and cycle 20 data (two of the strongest cycles of the last century) with the aim of detecting filaments. To this end, we employed the “K-means clustering” method, and obtained different filament parameters such as position, tilt angle, length, and area. Our results show that filament length (and area) increases with latitude and the poleward migration is clearly dominated by a particular tilt sign. Lastly, we cross verified our findings with results from KoSO digitized photographic plate database for the overlapping time period and obtained a good agreement between them. This work, acting as a proof-of-the-concept, will kickstart new efforts to effectively use the entire hand-drawn series of multifeature, full-disk solar data and enable researchers to extract new sciences, such as the generation of pseudomagnetograms for the last 100 yr.
Literature-based occurrences data of marine species in Venezuela
Authors: Peralta Brichtova Ana Carolina , Scott-Frías Joxmer , Carmona-Suarez Carlos , Rodriguez Carmen , Perez-Benítez Jeannette , Lopez-Ordaz Adriana , Marquez-Rojas Brightdoom , Lira Carlos , Gómez Acevedo Santiago , Carballo Barrera Yusneyi , Rodríguez Bladimir , Cavada-Blanco Francoise , Delgado José , Klein Eduardo 
Published: February 2023

Venezuela has suffered a severe academic and research management crisis and funding opportunities for marine research and data management have been practically absent. This has worsened over the past five years and, as a result, libraries and other institutional spaces have been repeatedly vandalised, with hundreds of records, specimens and historical data stolen, destroyed or burned. To avoid the loss of irreplaceable data on Venezuelan biodiversity, an initiative was promoted, aimed at digitising information to create a rich dataset of biodiversity records, with emphasis on marine protected areas for the country, as well as to fill gaps in the distribution and status of marine biodiversity in Venezuela. Nighteen (19) institutions in the country focusing on marine science have consistently produced a wealth of information about Venezuela’s marine biodiversity in the form of specimen collections, unpublished sampled data and research theses through the work of hundreds of researchers and students. An inventory of available data sources at these national institutions was conducted under the National Biodiversity Data Mobilization Grant and the Biodiversity Information for Development Program, together with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) support. All recovered and processed datasets were published in the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) repositories.
This occurrences data collection represents a major contribution to the marine biodiversity inventory in Venezuela. It is based on numerous published papers, reports, books and checklists provided by experts, covering a broad taxonomic collection from which we obtained species occurrences (present and absent), organised into 59 datasets containing 40,881 records. This represents a 28.49% contribution to the records of the Venezuelan marine biodiversity reported to the OBIS (143,513 records in the OBIS until November 2022). The extracted data showed 3,041 marine species, with representatives of each of the six kingdoms: Animalia, Chromista, Bacteria, Plantae, Fungi and Protozoa. The datasets provide information on occurrence since 1822, extending the temporal coverage of the species occurrence inventory for Venezuela, which was established in 1879 before this project. The number of records for Venezuela increased by 41.3% compared with the data available before the project. Most of the occurrences (63.47%) were registered in Marine Protected Areas. Data collection included records of non-native species, descriptions of new species and species listed under different IUCN categories.
Pourquoi la Lune nous abandonne-t-elle ?
Authors: Persson Anders 
Published: February 2023

L’effet de marée est proportionnel à la masse de l’astre attracteur, Lune ou Soleil, bien sûr ; mais il est en 1/R3 de la distance R à l’astre, et pas en 1/R² (en fait c’est la dérivée/gradient de la force gravitationnelle qui intervient) : c’est ainsi que la Lune « l’emporte », son effet de marée sur Terre est deux fois supérieur à celui du Soleil.Et là… un enchaînement inextricable (et pas toujours facilement explicable) de phénomènes se produit : 1. le bien connu « bourrelet » de marée océanique (ils sont en fait 2 sur la surface océanique, l’un face à la Lune, l’autre diamétralement opposé) frotte sur la croûte terrestre océanique ; 2. Ce frottement ralentit la rotation axiale terrestre ; 3. le bourrelet se décale aussi de l’axe Terre-Lune – ce qui provoque un couple de torsion qui a tendance à accélérer la rotation orbitale lunaire (de 6 secondes par… siècle) et à éloigner la Lune (qu’on peut aussi expliquer par la conservation du moment cinétique global Terre-Lune : la Terre ralentit, donc la Lune accélère). Et voilà pourquoi, Madame, la Lune s’éloignant de la Terre, il n’y aura plus d’éclipses totales de Soleil mais uniquement des éclipses annulaires… dans 500 millions d’années.Anders Persson nous brosse, à partir d’un article à l’Académie des sciences du polytechnicien Delaunay, en 1865, une histoire de ces variations du mouvement séculaire de la Lune. Laplace, trop sûr de lui, n’avait pas vu l’effet de marée mais tenait pour un ralentissement séculaire de 10 secondes par siècle. Delaunay montre, bien après, que la cause du ralentissement de la rotation terrestre était celle du frottement des marées : et il le démontre par l’analyse. Mais dans le même temps, Mayer en Allemagne, Tyndall en Grande-Bretagne y réfléchissaient, ainsi que le météorologiste Ferrel, aux (pas encore) États-Unis, en 1864 (une année avant Delaunay !).Quant à Anders Persson, il se pose une question quasi métaphysique : Comment la Lune « sait-elle » que la Terre ralentit et comment « sait-elle » qu’elle doit accélérer « afin de » conserver le moment cinétique total ? Réponse en lisant l’article.
Rœmer et la vitesse de la lumière
Authors: Beaubois Francis 
Published: February 2023

Rœmer donne la première preuve du caractère fini de la vitesse de la lumière, par une série d'observations des éclipses de Io, satellite de Jupiter. C'est en effet par le cumul d'observations successives d'émersions (entrée en éclipse) ou d'immersions (sorties d'éclipses) qu'il met en évidence un temps mesurable : c'est le décalage du temps mis par la lumière de Io (en sortie d'éclipse par exemple) pour rejoindre la Terre qui entre-temps, dans son propre mouvement autour du Soleil, s'est éloignée de Jupiter. En revanche, contrairement à des idées reçues, Rœmer ne procède pas au calcul de la vitesse de la lumière. L'analyse de F. Beaubois se propose d'expliquer les éléments qu'avait Rœmer à sa disposition, et le calcul de la vitesse de la lumière donné par Huygens en 1678 ; elle explique aussi la différence de réception du résultat de Rœmer en France et en Angleterre.
Le coronographe de Bernard Lyot au Pic du Midi
Authors: Davoust Emmanuel 
Published: February 2023

Le coronographe de Bernard Lyot (1897-1952) est un outillage télescopique de grande innovation : il permet à partir de 1931 d’observer la couronne solaire en dehors des éclipses, période à laquelle cette observation était cantonnée jusqu’alors. Pour ce faire, Lyot parvient à atténuer fortement la diffusion atmosphérique, en s’installant à l’Observatoire du Pic du Midi de Bigorre (Hautes-Pyrénées). Il parvient aussi à atténuer fortement la diffusion instrumentale, par un dispositif particulièrement ingénieux. Les raies de la couronne, qu’il avait pu observer, seront interprétées plus tard comme dues à des niveaux de très haute énergie de l’élément Fer.
Sagnac et l’expérience à contresens
Authors: Spagnou Pierre 
Published: February 2023

Dans les deux notes qu’il publie en 1913, le physicien français Georges Sagnac interprète le résultat positif obtenu par son expérience avec interféromètre tournant comme preuve de l’existence de l’éther et confirmation de la théorie ondulatoire de Fresnel. Il était loin de se douter qu’il venait de débusquer un phénomène purement relativiste (i.e. qui ne peut s’expliquer en physique classique, comme « l’effet Einstein » sur le décalage des fréquences, troisième test de la relativité générale) : ce phénomène est aujourd’hui parfaitement compris dans le cadre de la relativité restreinte, même s’il continue à faire l’objet d’innombrables erreurs de raisonnement.
Niels Bohr, le père de l’atome
Authors: Pavel Ilarion 
Published: February 2023

1913 est l’annus mirabilis de Niels Bohr. Il écrit sa « trilogie », fondatrice de son modèle d’atome, toujours en vigueur de nos jours. C’est le premier de ces trois articles qui est commenté ici. 1/ Il y applique la théorie quantique, en inférant que le rayonnement d’un électron tournant autour du noyau est émis par quanta d’énergie égaux à un multiple de hν (où h est la constante de Planck et ν est la fréquence du rayonnement). Ses résultats étaient conformes aux ‘séries de Balmer‘ du spectre d’émission de l’hydrogène. L’année suivante (1914), l’expérience de Franck et Hertz (collisions d’électrons et d’atomes de mercure) prouvera de manière irréfutable que les électrons perdent de l’énergie par quanta, et que les atomes de mercure émettent du rayonnement ultraviolet dont la fréquence est celle calculée par la théorie de Bohr. 2/ Il y donne l’expression des rayons d’orbites électroniques et de leur niveau d’énergie, indexés par un nombre n (quantification des orbites). 3/ Il y esquisse une première approche et une utilisation féconde du principe de correspondance : le comportement d’un système décrit par les lois de la physique quantique obéit aux lois de la physique classique si le système est suffisamment grand.