bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating functions for giant graviton bound states
Authors: Carlson Warren , de Mello Koch Robert , Kim Minkyoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe construct generating functions for operators dual to systems of giant gravitons with open strings attached. These operators have a bare dimension of orderNso that the usual methods used to solve the planar limit are not applicable. The generating functions are given as integrals over auxiliary variables, which implement symmetrization and antisymmetrization of the indices of the fields from which the operator is composed. Operators of a good scaling dimension (eigenstates of the dilatation operator) are known as Gauss graph operators. Our generating functions give a simple construction of the Gauss graph operators which were previously obtained using a Fourier transform on a double coset. The new description provides a natural starting point for a systematic$$ \frac{1}{N} $$1Nexpansion for these operators as well as the action of the dilatation operator on them, in terms of a saddle point evaluation of their integral representation.
Moderne Behandlung von Kraniosynostosen
Authors: Schmidt Leon , Fassl Verena , Erhardt Laura , Winter Julia , Lollert André , Heider Julia , Ottenhausen Malte 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei 13–48 % aller Lebendgeborenen treten Auffälligkeiten der Schädelform auf. Meistens ist ein lagerungsbedingter Plagiozephalus ursächlich. Bei vorzeitigem Verschluss von Schädelnähten resultieren pathognomische Deformitäten durch das kompensatorische Wachstum der umgebenden Schädelknochen. Es muss zwischen Einzelnahtsynostosen und Kraniosynostosen im Rahmen syndromaler Erkrankungen unterschieden werden.

Ziel
Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über Diagnostik, konservative und chirurgische Therapie von Kraniosynostosen geben.

Methoden
Narratives Review.

Ergebnis
Bei Verdacht auf eine Kraniosynostose erfolgt zunächst die klinische Beurteilung und Einschätzung durch erfahrene Untersucher. Die pathognomische Schädelform ergibt die Arbeitsdiagnose. Bestätigt wird diese durch Verfahren wie 3D-Stereofotografie und Sonographie. In komplexen Fällen können CT oder MRT notwendig sein.
Die Indikation für eine Therapie ergibt sich aus ästhetischen Gesichtspunkten und der Vorbeugung psychosozialer Folgen. Bei syndromalen Formen besteht diese insbesondere zur Vermeidung möglicher Folgen eines erhöhten Hirndrucks.
Besteht die Indikation zur Operation muss zwischen endoskopischer und offener Technik unterschieden werden. Unterschiede bestehen hier hinsichtlich Invasivität und möglichem Korrekturausmaß. Im Anschluss an die operative Behandlung schließt sich häufig eine Helmtherapie an, um das bestmögliche Ergebnis zu erreichen. Die anschließende Follow-up-Periode erstreckt sich mindestens bis zum 12. Lebensjahr. Insgesamt sollte die Behandlung im Team mit Neurochirurgen, Mund‑, Kiefer‑, Gesichtschirurgen, Kinderärzten, Augenärzten und Humangenetikern stattfinden.
Design, manufacturing, and testing of a laser textured piston ring surface reinforced with a CuCoBe–diamond composite by hot-pressing
Authors: Ferreira Rita , Cunha Ângela , Carvalho Óscar , Trindade Bruno , Sobral Luís , Carvalho Sandra , Silva Filipe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA CuCoBe–diamond composite was used to reinforce a laser textured 410 stainless steel piston ring by hot-pressing. Different hot-pressing parameters were used to optimize the sintering process of the CuCoBe particles (P = 25 and 50 MPa, T = 820 and 980 °C, and t = 15 and 30 min). The results showed an increase in the hardness of the hot-pressed samples (50.5% and 48.5% for P = 25 and 50 MPa, respectively). Three textures with different track widths and distances between them were produced by laser on the compression piston rings’ surface. The composite powders were used for the reinforcement of the textures by hot-pressing at the optimized sintering parameters (T = 980 °C, P = 25 and 50 MPa, and t = 15 min). The tribological results revealed that larger texture dimensions led to enhanced tribological performance.
Overt visual attention and between-limb asynchrony for bimanual reaching movements
Authors: Sardar S. D. , Yeo S.-H. , Allsop J. E. , Punt T. D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough synchrony between the limbs is an often-cited feature of bimanual coordination, recent studies have also highlighted the small asynchronies that can occur. The visuo-motor demands of any bimanual task are considered central to the emergence of asynchrony, but the relationship between the two remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to address this issue. Hand and eye movements were measured in 19 participants, while they made either unimanual or bimanual reach-to-point (aiming) movements to targets presented on a touchscreen. Bimanual movements were either congruent (same-sized targets) or incongruent (different-sized targets). Resulting hand data showed many of the typical patterns of movement previously reported. While temporal coupling between the limbs remained largely evident for bimanual movements, small between-limb asynchronies were apparent and demonstrated clear associations with the competing precision requirements of the targets and related visual attention. Participants mainly directed their gaze towards the more difficult target with corresponding reaching movements demonstrating greater precision than for the easier target. Additionally, there was a reliable tendency for the hand reaching towards the more difficult target to lead. Importantly, it was the competing visuo-motor demands of individual movements rather than overall difficulty that resulted in greater between-limb asynchrony; accordingly, where both targets were small (i.e., the most difficult condition), asynchrony was significantly less pronounced than for incongruent bimanual conditions. The results show how the visuo-motor system balances its apparent drive for synchrony in coordinating bimanual movements with the competing demands that characterise the constituent unimanual movements.
Communicating the cost of your altruism makes you cool—competitive altruism and sexual selection in a real-life charity situation
Authors: Mokos Judit , Csillag Márton , Scheuring István 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Maintaining a good reputation is crucial for humans. Altruism, e.g. charity, may serve as a costly signal that enhances reputation based on the real or communicated cost. Fundraising via charity running triggers competitive altruism when potential donors donate in reaction to the reputation increase of the fundraiser. Using real-life data of marathonists and half-marathonists (388 runners) and their 9281 donors, the present research focuses on how the communicated cost and goal of a charity run affected the potential donors. We analysed the introductory texts of the runners presented online according to the cost and the social benefit of the fundraising communicated by them. We have shown that emphasizing more the subjective cost of running and the social benefit of the goal, or writing a longer text, attracted more donors and, even though the average amount of donation per donor did not increase, still lead to a greater amount of donations collected overall by the fundraiser. It was also shown that a higher communicated subjective cost resulted in a higher ratio of opposite-sex donors, both in the case of male and female runners, suggesting that the communication of the cost of an altruistic act might be the object of sexual selection.

Significance statement
A good reputation is crucial for humans, as a reputable person enjoys several benefits. One way to maintain a good reputation is to be altruistic, e.g. doing charity. A seemingly high cost and a socially accepted goal may result in a higher reputation. Using data from a charity running community we demonstrate that fundraisers who emphasize their subjective cost (how difficult to run), and emphasize the good goal of the charity, attract more donors, and even though the average amount of each donation does not increase, a higher number of donors results in a greater amount of donations collected overall. Talking about the difficulties of the charity run results in a higher ratio of opposite-sex donors. Our results may be helpful to plan more successful charity events or to make a human community more altruistic and cooperative in general.
Pancreatectomy After Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX Chemotherapy: Identifying Factors Predicting Long‐Term Survival
Authors: Addeo Pietro , Averous Gerlinde , de Mathelin Pierre , Faitot François , Cusumano Caterina , Paul Chloe , Dufour Patrick , Bachellier Philippe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to evaluate the long‐term outcomes of the association of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with pancreatectomy with vascular resection in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.MethodsClinical data from patients who underwent pancreatic resection after neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX were retrospectively reviewed. Cox analyses were used to identify factors prognostic of overall survival (OS).ResultsFOLFIRINOX protocol was administered pre‐operatively with a median number of nine cycles (range 2–18) in 98 patients. Types of resections included pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 53), total pancreatectomy (n = 17), and distal spleno‐pancreatectomy (n = 28). Venous resection and arterial resections were performed in 85 (86.7%) and 64 patients (65.3%), respectively. The overall 90‐day mortality and morbidity rates were 6.1% (n = 6) and 47% (n = 47), respectively. The median OS was 31.08 months after surgery. OS rates at one, three, five, and 10 years were 82%, 47%, 28%, and 21%, respectively. According to the type of vascular resection, median OS and 5‐year survival rates were exclusive venous resection (31.08 months; 23%) and arterial resections (24.7 months; 27%). Multivariate Cox analysis found lymph node involvement, venous invasion, and total pancreatectomy as independent prognostic factors for OS. According to the presence of 0 or 1–3 risk factors, 5‐year survival (85% vs 16%) and median overall survival rates (not reached versus 24.7 months, respectively) were statistically significantly different (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsA multimodal treatment, including neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX combined with pancreatectomy with venous and arterial resection, achieves long term survival rates in patients with locally advanced disease. Surgery, in experienced centers, should be integrated into the treatment of patients with locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
Monoamine oxidase A-dependent ROS formation modulates human cardiomyocyte differentiation through AKT and WNT activation
Authors: Di Sante Moises , Antonucci Salvatore , Pontarollo Laura , Cappellaro Ilaria , Segat Francesca , Deshwal Soni , Greotti Elisa , Grilo Luis F. , Menabò Roberta , Di Lisa Fabio , Kaludercic Nina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDuring embryonic development, cardiomyocytes undergo differentiation and maturation, processes that are tightly regulated by tissue-specific signaling cascades. Although redox signaling pathways involved in cardiomyogenesis are established, the exact sources responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation remain elusive. The present study investigates whether ROS produced by the mitochondrial flavoenzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) play a role in cardiomyocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Wild type (WT) and MAO-A knock out (KO) hiPSCs were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and subjected to cardiomyocyte differentiation. Mitochondrial ROS levels were lower in MAO-A KO compared to the WT cells throughout the differentiation process. MAO-A KO hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) displayed sarcomere disarray, reduced α- to β-myosin heavy chain ratio, GATA4 upregulation and lower macroautophagy levels. Functionally, genetic ablation of MAO-A negatively affected intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in hiPSC-CMs. Mechanistically, MAO-A generated ROS contributed to the activation of AKT signaling that was considerably attenuated in KO cells. In addition, MAO-A ablation caused a reduction in WNT pathway gene expression consistent with its reported stimulation by ROS. As a result of WNT downregulation, expression of MESP1 and NKX2.5 was significantly decreased in MAO-A KO cells. Finally, MAO-A re-expression during differentiation rescued expression levels of cardiac transcription factors, contractile structure, and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Taken together, these results suggest that MAO-A mediated ROS generation is necessary for the activation of AKT and WNT signaling pathways during cardiac lineage commitment and for the differentiation of fully functional human cardiomyocytes.
Das EKG beim Leistungssportler und Athleten
Authors: Ujeyl Amaar , Niederseer David 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Elektrokardiogramm (EKG) hat sich als mobiles und kostengünstiges Verfahren zur präventiven Risikostratifizierung von Amateur- und Leistungssportlern im Rahmen der Sporttauglichkeitsuntersuchung etabliert. Zentrales Ziel ist dabei die Senkung der Fälle des plötzlichen Herztods im Sport durch eine Früherkennung der häufigsten zugrundeliegenden kardialen Erkrankungen wie hereditärer Kardiomyopathien, primärer Arrhythmien, aber auch der koronaren Herzerkrankung bei Master-Athleten.

Methoden
Durch kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung der erstmals 2010 von der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) vorgestellten EKG-Kriterien konnte die Trennschärfe zur Unterscheidung physiologischer, trainingsbedingter kardialer Adaptationen des Sportlerherzens, die im EKG erkennbar werden, und relevanten kardialen Pathologien stetig verbessert werden. Auf diese Weise ließ sich das Risiko von falsch-positiven Befunden und fälschlicher Stigmatisierung von Athleten unterschiedlichen Alters und unterschiedlicher Ethnizität stetig senken.

Schlussfolgerung
Der vorliegende Artikel zeichnet den Wandel der EKG-Kriterien im Lichte der wachsenden wissenschaftlichen Evidenz der vergangenen ca. 15 Jahre nach, stellt die zentralen Botschaften der aktuell geltenden „internationalen“ EKG-Kriterien aus dem Jahr 2017 vor und erarbeitet, welche Herausforderungen bei der EKG-Befundung von Amateur- und Leistungssportlern weiterhin Gegenstand der Forschung sind.
The elevated metabolic cost of walking at preferred speeds of healthy elderly on treadmills compared to overground is not related to increased self-reported anxiety
Authors: Das Gupta Sauvik , Faber Herre , Kistemaker Dinant , Bobbert Maarten 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate whether the elevation in metabolic cost of walking on treadmills compared to overground for healthy elderly is related to self-reported anxiety and if changes in self-reported anxiety are related to changes in heart rate.

Methods
We measured overground preferred walking speed, oxygen consumption rate and heart rates during rest and walking, and self-reported anxiety in 10 elderly (mean age 69.5 ± 3.1 years, 8 males and 2 females). At their preferred speed, the participants first walked overground, then on a high treadmill, and then on a low treadmill. Gross and Net metabolic costs of walking were calculated from the rates of oxygen consumption.

Results
Gross and net metabolic cost of walking were higher (p < 0.05) on high treadmill (net cost: 2.64 J kg−1 m−1) and low treadmill (net cost: 2.68 J kg−1 m−1) compared to overground (net cost: 2.44 J kg−1 m−1), and the same was true for heart rate. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in metabolic costs and heart rates between the two treadmill conditions. Self-reported anxiety was higher on the high treadmill compared to overground (p = 0.004) and compared to low treadmill (p = 0.02). We found no significant difference (p > 0.05) for self-reported anxiety between overground and the low treadmill.

Conclusion
These results show that treadmill walking cannot be adequately generalized to overground walking. The differences found in metabolic cost on treadmills compared to overground were not related to differences in self-reported anxiety. Furthermore, the changes in heart rate are not related to changes in self-reported anxiety.
Partial staple line reinforcement with synthetic buttressing material in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Eckharter Christoph , Heeren Nickolaus , Mongelli Francesco , Sykora Martin , Mühlhäusser Julia , Lottenbach Nathalie , Scheiwiller Andreas , Metzger Jürg , Gass Jörn-Markus 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Staple line leakage (SLL) and staple line bleeding (SLB) are the most relevant postoperative complications of sleeve gastrectomy (SG). It is controversial whether and which method of staple line reinforcement (SLR) can best reduce these complications. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether reinforcement of the most proximal part of the staple line with synthetic buttressing material, a strategy we termed partial SLR (p-SLR), reduces the 30-day incidence of SLL.

Methods
A retrospective search of medical records of all bariatric patients from 2010 to 2019 was performed. Patients who underwent SG with either p-SLR or non-SLR were included. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were analyzed before and after propensity score matching (PSM).

Results
Data from 431 patients were analyzed (364 in the p-SLR group and 67 in the non-SLR group). No difference in the 30-day incidence of SLL was observed between the two groups. The 30-day incidence of SLB (1.1% vs. 6.0% in the p-SLR and non-SLR groups, respectively) was significantly lower in the p-SLR group. These results were confirmed by PSM analysis.

Conclusion
Partial staple line reinforcement with synthetic buttressing material does not reduce the 30-day incidence of SLL. Although our analysis showed a significant reduction in the 30-day incidence of SLB in the p-SLR group, this result should be interpreted with caution.
Extending the application range of MMCs in high-performance drives: limiting issues and new proposals
Authors: Breda Riccardo , Breda Stefano , Calligaro Sandro , Petrella Roberto 
Published: January 2023

AbstractModular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) are becoming more and more popular in medium-voltage applications thanks to several interesting features. The major limitation for applications with variable speed drives (VSDs) is the submodule capacitors’ voltage ripple, which depends directly on the output current/torque and inversely on the output frequency/speed. Among all the hybrid MMC topologies addressed in recent literature, the Flying-Capacitor Passive Cross-Connected arms (FC-PCC) MMC seems one of the most promising to cope with this issue. This article provides a comprehensive overview of its features and capabilities. The main open issues limiting safe and reliable converter operation in VSD applications are addressed, and novel solutions are presented, such as the optimization of the converter digital control strategy, the distributed implementation of the architecture, the L‑C oscillations damping during the pre-charge/start-up of the converter, and the optimized arm inductor design based on magnetic coupling concepts. The effectiveness of all the proposals is demonstrated through an accurate simulation of a 22 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) drive, including a complete model of the effects of the real-time communication and the processing latency. A prototype of the system has been developed employing some known and novel architectural solutions, as discussed in the last section of the paper.
Machbarkeitsstudie zur Verbesserung der ländlichen Nahversorgung mit Lieferdrohnen
Authors: Biehle Tobias , Kellermann Robin 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie untersucht die Machbarkeit von Drohnenlieferungen zur Verbesserung der ländlichen Nahversorgung am Beispiel der Brandenburgischen Flächengemeinde Wusterhausen/Dosse. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der rechtliche Rahmen sowie die technischen Möglichkeiten durchaus die Umsetzung eines Lieferkonzeptes ermöglichen, welches den lokalen Lebensmitteleinzelhandel stärken und die Versorgungsbedarfe der Bevölkerung adressieren kann. Allerdings stehen die aktuellen Anschaffungs- und Betriebskosten einer marktwirtschaftlichen Machbarkeit des Anwendungsfalls entgegen. Da sinkende Kosten in den nächsten Jahren insbesondere für die Fernüberwachung der Drohne zu erwarten sind, könnte eine automatisierte, drohnengestützte Nahversorgung jedoch künftig an praktischer Relevanz für strukturschwächere Regionen gewinnen. Dabei wird in der ko-kreativen Planung des Lieferbetriebes mit lokalen Stakeholdern die notwendige Voraussetzung zur Hebung dieser Potenziale im Einklang mit bürgerschaftlichen Interessen gesehen.
Characteristic Impedance and Its Applications to Rock and Mining Engineering
Authors: Zhang Zong-Xian , Gong Fengqiang , Kozlovskaya Elena , Aladejare Adeyemi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe characteristic impedance of a rock is defined as the product of the sonic velocity and the density of the rock. Based on previous studies, this article finds that: (1) For an intact rock, its characteristic impedance is a comprehensive physical property, since it is closely related with strengths, fracture toughness, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio. (2) For rock masses, their characteristic impedances either increase markedly or slightly with increasing depth. (3) The bursts of intact rocks in laboratory are dependent on their characteristic impedances to a great extent, and strong rock bursts happen mostly in the rocks with large characteristic impedance. (4) Rock burst occurrence in tunnel and mines has a close relation with the characteristic impedances of the rocks. (5) Laboratory experiments on different rock samples show that seismic velocity increases as applied stress rises, and field monitored results from coal mines indicate that in the areas where rock bursts happened, the seismic velocity was increasing markedly before or during the bursts. (7) Drillability of rock depends on the characteristic impedance of the rock and the rock with larger impedance has lower drillability or lower penetration rate. (8) The potential applications of characteristic impedance include evaluation and classification of rock masses, and prediction of rock burst proneness and drillability.
Tools to compare antibody gold nanoparticle conjugates for a small molecule immunoassay
Authors: Conrad Monika , Proll Günther , Builes-Münden Esteban , Dietzel Andreas , Wagner Sven , Gauglitz Günter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAntibody gold nanoparticle conjugates as recognition elements are essential for the overall performance of lateral flow assays. When immobilizing antibodies on gold nanoparticles, the challenge is to prevent aggregation and to ensure that the antibodies are correctly oriented so that they remain functional and their paratopes remain accessible. There are many methods available, and it is difficult to decide which one to use. To help selecting the most appropriate conjugate production method, different synthetic routes of binding antibodies to gold nanoparticles are systematically investigated for the purpose of a quantitative lateral flow test for small molecules. The direct comparison of different conjugate syntheses shows how to select a suitable conjugate for a lateral flow assay. The syntheses examined are direct adsorption of antibody, direct adsorption of reduced antibody, covalent binding to polyethylene glycol linker, and binding via biotin-streptavidin interaction. The conjugates are characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering to determine their stability. Their performance on structured lateral flow test strips is examined using calibrations for different amitriptyline concentrations. It was shown that the best conjugate for quantification of amitriptyline was realized by direct adsorption of an UV-light irradiated antibody to gold nanoparticles. The methods employed can serve as a guide for selecting the most appropriate conjugate for an application and enhance the performance of lateral flow assays.
Graphical abstract