MODERN STATISTICAL TRENDS OF EMPLOYMENT AND OUTPUT OF PRODUCTS IN THE REGIONS OF GEORGIA
Authors: Gelashvili Simon 
Published: August 2023

Simon Gelashvili
E-mail: simon.gelashvili@tsu.ge
Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
Tbilisi, Georgia
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8574-9383
Abstract: The presented work concerns a very relevant topic - the quantitative research of employment and output of products in the administrative regions of Georgia. What is the employment situation according to the administrative regions of the country is of great economic and social importance. The purpose of the research is to identify and evaluate statistical trends in employment and output of products. The analysis period covers the years 2010-2022. Accordingly, on the basis of official statistical data, appropriate indicators are calculated, their changes are determined and their mutual comparison is given.
In the research process, methods of statistical science are used, such as: data grouping, relative, average and variation indicators, presentation, etc.
As a result of the conducted analysis, it was determined that the obtained indicators are heterogeneous according to various signs - according to regions, according to time, volume of employment level, volume of released products and labor productivity. According to the mentioned indicators, very different trends were revealed.
To determine the degree of economic inequality of regions, it is of great importance to study their economic activity, to identify and evaluate appropriate trends. Such an analysis, first of all, allows to determine different types of disproportion, which is a good basis for developing and implementing regional economic and social policies. The level of economic development of the country's administrative regions can be assessed by various quantitative and qualitative criteria. In this case, the following quantitative criteria will be considered: the level of employment, the volume of output of product and the level of labor productivity.
Analyzing the data of the official statistics, it is clear that Adjara and Imereti take the leading position after Tbilisi in terms of the number of employees, where the number of employees increased in 2010-2022. In these regions, the population is relatively larger, which, of course, is proportionally reflected in the level of employment. In the analysis period, the average annual number of employees in all administrative regions of Georgia is characterized by a clearly expressed rapid growth trend: the number of employees increased 2 times and more in Mtskheta-Mtianeti (2.7times), Guria - 2.5 times and Adjara - 2.4 times. Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti regions showed relatively lower growth rate.
One of the main characteristics of the region's economic activity is the volume of output of the product per employee on average, which measures the level of labor productivity. We have calculated the mentioned indicator according to all administrative regions of Georgia, on the basis of which it is possible to statistically assess the level of labor productivity in the regions according to each year of the analysis period and also to reveal a 12-year trend. In 2010, the highest level of labor productivity was in Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta-Mtianeti and St. in Tbilisi, and the lowest in Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, as well as in Kakheti. The positioning of these regions according to the mentioned indicator was the same in 2022.
An important statistical characteristic is the positioning of regions according to the share of output of product. In 2022, the city is in the leading position with this indicator. Tbilisi, which is not surprising, because the largest part of the enterprises of the real sector of the economy is located here. The next position is held by Adjara, which moved from the 4th position in 2010 to the second and Kvemo Kartli. Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti and Guria are in the last positions with the smallest share. These 2 regions were in the same positions in 2010.
As a result of the comparative analysis of the indicators of the employment level and the volume of output and the evaluation of the range of variation, a disproportion of different degrees between individual regions was revealed, which has a certain impact on economic growth and the level of socio-economic inequality.