bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern ERG (PERG) and photopic negative response (PHNR) in glaucoma suspects vs primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Kaliaperumal Subashini , Sathyababu Jawahar , Behera Geeta , Ramanathan Priyanka 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: To assess the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and photopic negative response (PhNR) in glaucoma patients (G), glaucoma suspects (GS), and controls (C). To correlate the PERG and PhNR parameters with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) and standard automated perimetry (SAP) parameters.Methods: In this prospective, cross‐sectional, analytical study, 141 participants (47 in each group) were recruited into 3 groups. All underwent measurement of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer‐inner plexiform layer (GCL‐IPL) thickness by SD‐OCT and SAP by Humphrey's Field Analyzer (HFA). The PERG was recorded binocularly (RETI‐port/scan 21 system, Roland Consult, Germany) in the light‐adapted state. PhNR was elicited using a Ganzfeld Q 450 colour dome stimulator. Correlation analysis between PERG and PhNR with SD‐OCT and SAP was performed.Results: The PERG and PhNR parameters were significantly progressively lower in the glaucoma and glaucoma suspects than normals [P50 Amplitude‐μV: G: 2.22(1.67, 2.56), GS: 3.02(2.89, 3.14), C: 4.86(3.98, 5.87), p < 0.001; N95 Latency‐ms: G: 92.1(87.6, 100.6), GS: 87.6(78.8, 92.4), C: 75.4(71.1, 78.7), p < 0.001; PhNR amplitude‐μV: G: 14.4(13.6, 15.8), GS: 24.9(23.7, 27.9), C: 29.0(24.7, 34.5), p < 0.001; PhNR/b wave ratio: G: 0.13(0.11, 0.15), GS: 0.18 (0.16, 0.18), C: 0.45(0.32, 0.52), p < 0.001]. This was not seen in most SAP/OCT parameters (GS ≤ C). PERG and PhNR showed significant correlations (p < 0.001) between N95 Amplitude, PhNR amplitude, and PhNR/b wave ratio in glaucoma suspects.Conclusion: Pattern ERG and PhNR parameters were significantly progressively lower in glaucoma suspects and glaucoma than controls, whereas many SAP and SD‐OCT parameters were similar for glaucoma suspects and controls. N95 Amplitude and PhNR amplitude showed a strong correlation in glaucoma suspects. It is possible that electrophysiological changes precede RNFL/GCL‐IPL and SAP changes.
Flicker modulation sensitivity with dual‐focus contact lenses for myopia control
Authors: Puell María , Ruiz‐Pomeda Alicia , Robledo‐Pacheco Cecilia , Capdevila‐Muñoz Laura , Carballo‐Álvarez Jesús 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Myopic children are increasingly prescribed soft multifocal contact lenses to slow the progression of myopia. Their impact on central and peripheral vision is not fully understood beyond visual acuity, a measurement that is not sensitive enough to detect small changes in visual performance caused by increased higher‐order aberrations and scattered light. The aim of this study was to investigate up to what extent Dual‐focus (DF) contact lenses, designed for myopia control, affect flicker modulation sensitivity (FMS) measured in central vision and near periphery across photopic and mesopic light levels.Methods: Right eyes of twenty‐five myopic and non‐presbyopic young adults were fitted with two soft contact lens designs, a DF with addition power of +2.00 D located in the near periphery and a single‐vision (SV) contact lens of the same material and parameters, in random order. 30 minutes after contact lens insertion, photopic and mesopic FMS were measured foveally (0 degrees) and at four near peripheral locations selected diagonally away from fixation at an eccentricity of 5 degrees in each of the four quadrants to produce a measure of overall peripheral FMS.Results: The mean visual acuity did not vary significantly between the DF and SV contact lenses. Mean central fovea FMS were 0.12 log units worse in the DF than the SV contact lens, under both photopic (p < 0.001) and mesopic (p = 0.001) luminance conditions. Mean peripheral FMS were 0.04 log units worse with the DF contact lens than SV contact lens, under both photopic (p = 0.002) and mesopic (p = 0.048) light levels.Conclusions: DF contact lenses designed for myopia control reduced FMS compared to SV contact lenses, with the reduction being greater for central fovea FMS than for near periphery FMS, for both photopic and mesopic luminance conditions. The blurred background noise created by the peripheral power of DF contact lenses is likely to influence both central and peripheral vision.
Evaluation and evolution of an algorithm‐based subjective refraction in children
Authors: Francois Daniel , Ong Wee Sing , Lam Andrew Kwok‐cheung , Liu Kenneth Ka‐king , Longo Adele 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: Assessing a method for refracting children using the Vision‐R™ 800, evaluating usability, followed by examining consistency and clinical relevance of an improved refraction protocol, time savings and children's experience.Methods: Two studies involved Chinese children aged 6 to 13. Study 1 (N = 159) assessed subjective refraction using Vision‐R™ 800 algorithm‐based software (SR1), followed by manual subjective refraction (SSR) and a second algorithm‐based refraction post‐cycloplegia (SR2). Study 2 (N = 66) evaluated SR1 using a modified algorithm and a manual subjective refraction (SSR2) following standard practice post‐cycloplegia.The primary outcomes were the differences and 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) between the refraction methods, being secondary outcomes method‐duration and children's feedback. Results of right eyes are presented.Results: Study 1 average spherical equivalent (M) of ‐1.50 ± 1.50 D for SR1, ‐1.33 ± 1.57 D for SSR, and ‐1.35 ± 1.58 D for SR2. SR1 was ‐0.17 D more negative than SSR, and LoA was ± 0.75 D (p < 0.01) with no significant differences between SSR and SR2. Astigmatism differences were clinically insignificant. Timewise, SR1 took 7.64 ± 2.41 mins, SSR 4.94 ± 1.36 mins, and SR2 6.92 ± 2.51 mins. Ratings: SR1: “Okay” 60.4%, “Really Good” 32.1%, “Fantastic” 6.3%.The initial algorithm protocol was usable and well‐received, with 95% of children completing the examination.Study 2 found M values of ‐1.14 ± 1.49 D for SR1 and ‐0.93 ± 1.52 D for SSR2, with SR1 being ‐0.22 D more negative than SSR2 (p < 0.01). The LoA were ± 0.50 D for sphere, ± 0.35 D for J0, and ± 0.30 D for J45. These values showed greater consistency and smaller standard deviations in M (0.26D vs.0.38D) compared to Study 1. The modified algorithm reduced refraction time to 5.70 mins for SR1 vs. 4.77 mins for SSR2 (p < 0.05), with SR1 ratings: “Okay” 17%, “Really good” 44.7%, “fantastic” 38.3%, outperforming the earlier program.Conclusions: While cycloplegic subjective refraction remains the standard for children, the proposed algorithm‐based, non‐cycloplegic refraction with the Vision‐R™ 800 showed reasonable agreement with the cycloplegic standard. This advancement is crucial for exploring alternatives to cycloplegic refraction in future pediatric clinical practices.
Agreement of pentacam axl and IOL master in determining axial length in irregular cornea
Authors: Yekta Abbas Ali , Khabazkhoob Mehdi , Hashemi Hasan , Irandoust Niloufar , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Ehsaei Asieh , Heravian Javad , Sardari Sara , Khorasani Abbas Azimi , Yekta Yeganeh 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To determine the agreement of axial length (AL) between the Pentacam AXL and IOL Master 500 in irregular corneas.Methods: Uncorrected and best‐corrected visual acuity, objective and subjective refractions, anterior and posterior segment examinations, ocular biometry by using the Pentacam AXL and IOL Master 500 performed in this study.Results: In this study, 141 eyes of 141 individuals with irregular cornea aged 60 to 91 years (64 ± 15.7) were included. The mean difference of axial length (AL) measurements between the Pentacam AXL and IOL Master 500 was 0.12 ± 0.65 mm (p = 0.047). The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between the two devices were ‐1.15 to 1.14. The greatest difference was found in eyes with AL longer than 24.5 mm (0.52 ± 1.81 mm), the 95% limits of agreement was ‐3.02 to 4.07. The agreement of the 95% limits of agreement was ‐0.91 to 1.37 in eyes with an axial length of less than 22 mm.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that in irregular corneas, Pentacam AXL does not have a high agreement with the IOL master 500 in measuring the axial length and the agreement of the two devices decreased with increasing of the axial length in irregular corneas.
Femtosecond laser assisted phacoemulsification plus IOL implant: Toric IOL vs astigmatism keratotomy
Authors: Chao Howard Wen‐Haur , Chao Windsor Wen‐Jin , Chao Hsiao‐Ming 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: This study aimed at comparing the clinical outcomes of femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery (FSACS) performing astigmatic keratotomy (AK) and toric intraocular lens (IOLt) implantation for astigmatism correction.Methods: Based on autorefractor and corneal topography, all patients underwent pre‐operative and postoperative examinations including comparatively assessing refractive astigmatism, best corrected visual acuity and corneal high order aberrations.Results: This retrospective case series comprised a total of 20 eyes (IOLt: AK = 10: 10) of 16 patients (mean age: 62.70 ± 1.89 years). Refraction status was 1.98 ± 0.22 in IOLt (0.75~3.00 D) vs 1.95 ± 0.23 in AK (0.55~3.08 D). The follow‐up periods 9.63 ± 1.15 months after surgery.Total corneal astigmatism (CAtot) were 1.73 ± 0.20 D in IOLt/2.28 ± 0.23 D in AK preoperatively and significantly (p < 0.01/p < 0.001) reduced to 0.80 ± 0.17 D in IOLt/1.13 ± 0.07 D in AK. The pre‐operative and postoperative reduction in astigmatism between IOLt (0.93 ± 0.32 D) and AK (1.15 ± 0.21) was not significantly (p = 0.56) different. However, anterior corneal astigmatism (CAant) were 1.99 ± 0.21 D in IOLt/1.95 ± 0.23 in AK preoperatively and not significantly/significantly (p = 0.36/p < 0.05) reduced to 1.73 ± 0.18 D in IOLt/1.10 ± 0.18 D in AK. Regarding CAant, the pre‐operative and postoperative reduction in astigmatism between IOLt (0.36 ± 0.25 D) and AK (0.69 ± 0.21 D) was not significantly (p = 0.3) different.Pre‐FSACS IOLt total corneal HOAs (0.47 ± 0.15) decreased, but not significantly, after FSACS IOLt (0.41 ± 0.11; p = 0.76). However, pre‐FSACS AK total corneal HOAs (0.19 ± 0.02) significantly increased after FSACS AK (0.29 ± 0.03; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the pre‐operative and postoperative changes in total corneal HOAs between IOLt (‐0.06 ± 0.04) and AK (0.10 ± 0.02 D) were significantly (p < 0.01) different.Best corrected visual acuity (Snellen E) was preoperatively 0.42 ± 0.02 in IOLt/0.38 ± 0.02 in AK and significantly (p < 0.001) increased to 0.82 ± 0.06 in IOLt/0.74 ± 0.07 in AK postoperatively. The preoperative and postoperative BCVA alteration was not significant between two groups (IOLt vs AK: 0.40 ± 0.04 vs 0.36 ± 0.07; p = 0.64).Conclusions: IOLt implantation efficient and harmless for correcting preoperative astigmatism in FSACS in a short period.
Visual outcomes after implantation of trifocal intraocular lens pairing two complementary light distributions
Authors: Puche Ana Belen Plaza , del Barrio Jorge Alió , Yebana Pilar , Martínez‐Abad Antonio , Cantó‐Cerdán Mario 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the visual, refractive and aberrometric outcomes in patients implanted with a new IOL family of trifocal diffractive IOLs with same addition power (3.5D and 1.75D) and two distinct light energy distributions.Methods: This is an observational, prospective study. Patients underwent a complete preoperative and postoperative examination: far, near and intermediate visual acuity (VA), subjective refraction, contrast sensitivity, defocus curve and ocular aberrometry. Subjective visual function was evaluated using the Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaire and the satisfaction surgery (NAVQ‐10). Vivinex Gemetric family (Hoya, Japan) is a trifocal diffractive IOL with same addition power (3.5D (near) and 1.75D (intermediate)) (Gemetric and Gemetric Plus) that differ in the amount of light distribution to each focus: Gemetric: 50.8% for far, 17.3% for intermediate and 21.8% for near; Gemetric Plus 39.2% for far, 16.9% for intermediate and 32.8% for near (3mm pupil).Results: Fifty‐six eyes (28 patients) were included. Mean age was 56.7 ± 6.9 years. Mean binocular uncorrected VA obtained (LogMAR) was ‐0.01 ± 0.12 for far vision, 0.05 ± 0.08 for intermediate vision and 0.01 ± 0.11 for near vision. The near VA with distance correction was 0.01 ± 0.11. Mean higher order aberration (HOA) was 0.29 ± 0.14μm, spherical aberration 0.01 ± 0.05 μm and a mean Strehl Ratio of 0.2355 ± 0.0793. Contrast sensitivity measurement showed mean values within the normal range for patients in a similar age range to our sample. The defocus curve shows a profile providing a range of sharp vision (above AV 0.2) between ‐3.50 and +1.00D. 90% of patients reported to enjoy spectacle independence for far and near vision and 95% for intermediate vision postoperatively.Conclusions: Pairing these two trifocal lenses with complementary light distribution achieved good full range of vision from far to close near vision and high quality of vision based on patient's satisfaction.
The use of the smart eye camera device for cataract screening in the endocrine and ophthalmology clinics in a general hospital in Jordan
Authors: Khalil Mohammed , Abu‐Ismail Luai , Imran Mohammed Abu , Khemlani Rohan , Nakayama Shintaro , Nishimura Hiroki , Shimizu Eisuke 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To asses the usefuleness of the Smart Eye Camera (SEC) slit light device by OUI Inc. in comparing the prevalence of cataract in diabetic and non‐diabetic patients in an outpatient setting in a general hospital in Jordan. The study aims also to delineate risk factors for the development of cataract in diabetic patients.Methods: 207 patients (414 eyes) were examined using the SEC device which captures videos of the anterior segment similar to a slit lamp exam. After completion of data collection, web‐saved videos were reviewed and grades of cataract or each eye were recorded using a modified LOCS III (lens opacity classification system). The assigned observer recorded nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular grades for each eye from 0 to 5.Results: Mean age was 55 (range 40‐85). After exclusion of 19 pseudophakic eyes and 3 low quality images, 204 patients (392 eyes, 198 right (OD) and 194 OS (left) eyes) were analyzed. Nuclear cataract was found in 114 eyes (29%), cortical cataract in 104 eyes (27%) and posterior subcapsuar in 77 eyes (20%). Overall, odds ratio for developing cataract in diabetes in this study population was 1.606, with a p‐value of 0.09. Also the relative risk of developing cataract in diabetes was 1.123. A second and third observer independently evaluated the SEC videos and recorded their findings. Interobserver agreement kappa value was fair to moderate especially for nuclear cataract. Posterior subcapsular cataract was difficult to assess with no means of retroillumination on the device. Additionally, we looked into possible assosiations between DM control, comorbidities and medciations used by diabetic patients and the development of cataract, especially hypertension, thyroid disease and hyperlipidemia. All diabetic patients were type 2 with 34.2% having a Hba1c > 7.5Conclusions: The Smart Eye Camera is a small, fast and accurate tool for the diagnosis and grading of cataract in the outpatient setting and would be very helpful on a national scale for cataract screening, especially in the rural areas and in clinical trials. Moreover, cataract tends to be more common in diabetic patients in Jordan probably through multifactorial mechanisms.References
Evaluation of Nuclear Cataract with Smartphone‐Attachable Slit‐Lamp Device by Hiroyuki Yazu et al in Diagnostics 2020, 10, 576
Using long‐read adaptive nanopore sequencing to decipher a novel pathogenic duplication in the PRPH2 gene in patients with macular dystrophy
Authors: Backlund Michael , Gasparian Suzie , Repo Pauliina , Kangas Harri , Donner Kati , Seitsonen Sanna , Paavo Maarjaliis , Kivelä Tero , Sierpina David , Turunen Joni 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Detailed genetic characterization of three individuals from two families with macular dystrophy caused by exon 2 duplication of the PRPH2 gene.Methods: Two of the affected members (P1, P2) from one family were treated in the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland and one (P3) at Loma Linda University Eye Institute, CA, USA. The patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, and their genomic DNA was subjected to macular (P2) and retinal dystrophy (P3) gene panels or targeted genetic testing (P1). Additionally, Oxford nanopore adaptive sequencing was used for characterizing and mapping the breakpoints of the identified partial duplication of the PRPH2 gene.Results: Based on the ophthalmic examination, the mother (P1) of the Finnish family was diagnosed with butterfly‐shaped pattern dystrophy (BPD) and the daughter (P2) with vitelliform macular dystrophy. P3 (male) from the USA was diagnosed with BPD in the right eye and central areolar choroidal dystrophy in the left eye. Exome‐based genetic testing indicated that all patients are heterozygous for the same 482 bp duplication c.(581+1_582‐1)_(828+1_829‐1)dup between introns 1 and 2 of the PRPH2 gene, duplicating exon 2 (NM_000322.5). In‐depth analysis of the patients DNA samples by long‐read adaptive nanopore sequencing revealed the duplication to be ∼4kb in size. For all patients the 3’ breakpoint (BP) is located directly upstream from an intronic alu‐element (AluYM1). In the Finnish family the 5’BP resides in a novel alu‐element (AluYa5) lacking from the hg38 reference genome. The P3 lacks the novel‐alu element found in the Finnish family and instead the 5’BP resides in a known alu‐element (AluSq), located some 300bp upstream.Conclusions: We report here that the macular dystrophy in the two families is caused by duplication involving exon 2 of the PRPH2 gene. The alu‐elements at the breakpoints indicate non‐allelic homologous recombination as a possible mechanism for the duplication event.
Prevalente of color vision anomalies among brazilian industrial workers and the telemedicine role
Authors: Machado Roberto , Junior Pedro Ribeiro , Filho Mauro Guimarães , Negreiros Ariadne , Negreiros Marco 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: To evaluate the use of a color blindness test (Eyecare Color Vision Test®) applied through of telemedicine to assess the prevalence of color blindness, its subtypes and intensity of presentation in Brazilian industrial workers.Methods: An observational, cross‐sectional, and retrospective study was carried out. The study sample was a convenience sample, which included all patients from a company with headquarters in all Brazilian regions who underwent consultations for occupational purposes via telemedicine through Eyecare clinic between the months of October 2023 and January 2024. All patients underwent Eyecare Color Vision Test®, a validated virtual test based on the Ishihara Test that consists of 14 images with symbols and numbers. A score above 7 was considered normal for color vision defect.Results: 2197 workers from 5 regions of Brazil were evaluated through telemedicine. 91.81% were male, the mean age was 37 years, mean visual acuity for right eye was 0.24 ( ± 0.18) and for left eye was 0.19 ( ± 0.16). 50 patients, all male, showed changes in the Eyecare Color Vision Test® which resulted in a prevalence of color blindness of 2.28%. From patients with color blindness, 44% had protanomaly or deuteranomaly, 26% had deuteranopia, 18% had protanopia and 12% had an undiagnostic subtype.Conclusions: Our study was in line with international literature since we found a 2.28% prevalence of CVD in Brazilian industrial workers. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate that telemedicine can be an important tool for democratizing access to eye health.References
Parikh D, Armstrong G, Liou V, Husain D. Advances in Telemedicine in Ophthalmology. Semin Ophthalmol. 2020 May 18; 35(4): 210–5; 30.
Sorkin N, Rosenblatt A, Cohen E, Ohana O, Stolovitch C, Dotan G. Comparison of Ishihara Booklet with Color Vision Smartphone Applications. Optometry and Vision Science. 2016 Jul; 93(7): 667–72.
Investigating the temporal variability of the tear fluid proteome for biomarker discovery
Authors: Ponzini Erika , Santambrogio Carlo , Grandori Rita , Tavazzi Silvia 
Published: January 2025

Aims/Purpose: This study aims to investigate the intraday and day‐to‐day variability in the tear fluid proteome to better exploit its potential as a source of non‐invasive biomarkers by assessing the consistency of tear protein abundance over time.Methods: Tear protein composition was monitored in two individuals over three weeks. Tears were collected weekly, both in the morning and in the afternoon, by microcapillary tube sampling. Ultrahigh‐resolution shotgun proteomics was used to analyze the tear fluid samples, providing a detailed profile of the tear proteome.Results: The differential analysis of proteomics data provided a comprehensive overview of the tear fluid proteome. The majority of the identified proteins maintained consistent levels throughout the monitoring period. Specifically, only 25 proteins exhibited significant intraday variation, but no day‐to‐day fluctuation. These variations were observed in the morning and afternoon samples, indicating that while some proteins may be up‐ or downregulated within a day, the overall proteome remains largely stable.The proteins that showed significant variation included those involved in immune response, protein synthesis, and cellular stress response. These findings suggest that while the tear proteome is generally stable, certain proteins may be sensitive to external factors or physiological changes occurring throughout the day.Conclusions: The stability of the tear proteome indicates its viability for non‐invasive diagnostic applications, making it a promising source of biomarkers for personalized medical approaches. The study underscores the need for further research into the temporal variability of tear proteins to fully harness their potential.
Elevation of retinal dopamine content and metabolism in a retinitis pigmentosa mouse model
Authors: Vainionpää Katri , Pavela Ida , Jalkanen Aaro , Leinonen Henri 
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogenous group of inherited retinal degenerations that impacts around 2 million patients worldwide and it is currently untreatable. Dopamine‐2‐receptor (D2R) agonists (pramipexole, bromocriptine) are efficacious against retinal degeneration in vivo; however the mechanisms remain unclear. As D2Rs are mainly presynaptic autoreceptors in the retina, targeting them could stabilize the dopamine system. The purpose of this research is to study the changes in the retinal dopaminergic system in progressive RP.Methods: Fresh frozen retinas for ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and western blotting (WB) were collected from 3‐month‐old P23H rhodopsin‐mutant mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates. Dopamine, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) contents and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) activity in the retina were quantified with UHPLC. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and COMT proteins was assessed with WB.Results: Whole retinal dopamine levels were significantly higher in the P23H mutant retinas compared to WT. Dopamine metabolites showed opposite regulation as DOPAC amounts were markedly lower whereas HVA content was markedly elevated in the P23H samples. In line with increased dopamine content and the changes in metabolites, P23H retinas showed increased COMT activity and expression.Conclusions: Retinal dopamine content and consequent COMT mediated metabolism are elevated in the P23H mouse retinas. This study is the first to show the association of dopaminergic overactivity and RP progression.