bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of users of the Birth Control program.
Authors: Lalinde Ángel María Isabel , Molina M Gloria , Olarte L Martha Lucia 
Published: April 2023

Objective. This study sought to characterize the use of Birth Control methods by women users of Healthcare Service Provider Institutions in Colombia, who were included in the National Health Survey -2007 NHS.
Methodology. Ours was a descriptive study, which performed secondary analysis of the data from a subsample of 2033 women from the outpatient service of the Birth Control (BC) program in the Healthcare Service Provider Institutions (IPS, for the term in Spanish) included in the 2007 National Health Survey (NHS).
Results. The BC contraception methods most used by the women surveyed were: hormonal (60%), barrier (22%), and female sterilization (11%). A direct relationship was observed between educational level and the autonomy to select the BC method. A total of 11% of the users did not receive information on all the BC methods from their treating physician. Some 98% of the women surveyed manifested having understood the information provided on the use of the BC method selected. Nine of every 10 women exercised autonomy upon selecting a BC method.
Conclusion. The hormonal methods of Birth Control were the most used by the women surveyed. The participants showed high autonomy to choose the BC method.
Wireless devices in nursing education
Authors: Sánchez García Ana Belén , López Montesinos Maria José , Fernández Alemán José Luis 
Published: April 2023

Objective. This article sought to explore the adoption of wireless devices in university nursing teaching and address their repercussion on future professionals.
Methodology. This is a bibliographical study conducted in 2011, which analyzed international publications on the use, review, application, opinion, and experimentation of wireless devices in university nursing teaching of wireless technology in nursing teaching. The following databases were used: Medline and Science@Direct.
Results. A total of 503 articles were extracted and 77 were selected, of which 40 investigated the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), 13 the clicker (Student Response Wireless System), and six the smart phone. The use of mobile devices has experienced strong growth during the last five years, especially PDAs.
Conclusion. Use of mobile devices in university nursing teaching has grown in recent years, especially PDAs.
The family member accompanying adult patients in the hospital context.
Authors: Espirito Santo Fatima Helena , Aquino Alessandra Cristina Oliveira , Chibante Carla Lube , Santos Thayane Dias 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To identify the actions of family members who accompany adult hospitalized patients and to describe the nursing team’s role regarding that person.
Methodology. In this qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research, a questionnaire was applied to 30 nursing team members at a teaching hospital located in the State of Rio de Janeiro, using open questions. To interpret the answers, thematic analysis was applied to categorize the identified qualitative variables.
Results. Eighty-nine percent of the participants were female. When analyzing the information contained in the answers to the questionnaire, two types of actions were found: the actions the companion can perform for his/her relative and the actions the nursing team needs to perform. In each action, the following categories were verified: affective dimension, practical dimension, moral dimension and inclusion of the family in care. According to the nursing team, the companion plays a very important role in emotional support and help with the patient’s basic hygiene, although this care should be offered under nursing orientation.
Conclusion. Family companions and nursing team members work together to improve the quality of patient care, with positive reflections for their integration in hospital care, which will enhance its continuity in the home-care context.
Relevance and level of application of the management competencies in nursing
Authors: Ángel Jiménez Gloria María , Lopera Arrubla Claudia Patricia 
Published: April 2023

Objective. The study sought to identify the relevance and level of application of the main management competencies in nursing.
Methodology. Study contains qualitative and quantitative components with a descriptive approach. We took as categories of the study the relevance and application of management competencies and curricular strategies for their formation. A survey was applied to a convenience sampling of 140 individuals from the nursing faculties involved and from different levels of healthcare in the city of Medellín and its Metropolitan Area; lastly, a semi-structured interview was made of six experts from the university educational sector in Medellín.
Results. The most relevant generic competencies were: leadership (81.4%), team work (75.0%), effective communication (55.7%); while the specific competencies highlighted quality management of personnel and care. Innovation and creativity competencies (19.3%), strategic thought (17.1%), and adaptability or flexibility (10.0%) obtained lower frequencies. The level of application of specific competencies, according to components of strategic management, programs and projects, quality, human talent, and caretaking of individuals was above 90%.
Conclusion. The management competencies identified were relevant and of high applicability for the people consulted. The complexity paradigm as central axis may contribute to their formation.
Students’ participation in the development of the pedagogical project.
Authors: Freitas e Silva Maia Natália Maria , Teixeira Nunes Benevina Maria Vilar , Batista Moura Maria Eliete 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To describe and analyze the participation of students in the development of the pedagogical project (PP) in a Nursing program.
Methodology. Exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach, undertaken in the nursing program of a public higher education institution located in Piaui (Brazil). Interviews were carried out with twenty-two students from the 4th academic period onwards. Data collection took place in December 2009. The analysis of textual data was performed using the software Alceste 4.7, which was discussed based on the concepts of commitment, awareness, culture, dialogue and Paulo Freire’s problematization pedagogy.
Results. The analysis revealed three classes: Students’ knowledge about the PP, collective participation in the development of the PP and progress of students’ participation in the development of the PP.
Conclusion. The results show that students are participants in the development of the PP.
Exclusive breastfeeding: motivations and disincentives for nursing mothers in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Machado Schardosim Juliana , Rauber Cechim Petronila Libana 
Published: April 2023

Objective. Describing the motivations and disincentives that influence adherence to exclusive breastfeeding until children's six months of life in the town of Eldorado do Sul (Brazil).
Methodology. A descriptive qualitative exploratory study. Between October and December/2009 it were interviewed 25 mothers of children aged from six to 18 months.
Results. Three categories emerged from motivations - relationship of human milk with health and child nutrition, practicality and economy, and enjoyment and promotion of mother-infant bond; and three from disincentives - sudden decrease of milk with no apparent cause, working outside the home, and nipple trauma.
Conclusion. The decision of exclusive breastfeeding until the child's six months of life involves a group of factors that the mother has to face during lactation
Knowledge of nursing undergraduate students about the use of contact precautions measures
Authors: Salvador dos Santos Julielen , Corrêa Ione , Henrique Salgado Manoel 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To assess knowledge of nursing undergraduate students about the use of contact precautions.
Methodology. There were 106 nursing undergraduate students from three universities within the state of Sao Paulo. The data collection was done between April and May 2012. A questionnaire was elaborated with questions assessing knowledge regarding contact precautions. The data were submitted to statistical procedures in the package MINITAB version 16. The knowledge were rated as adequate, partially adequate and inadequate.
Results. There was a predominance of females (86%) and age group between 20 and 29 years (70%). Regarding the definition of contact precaution of diseases in which these measures are used, undergraduate's knowledge was partially adequate (92% and 44%, respectively). The knowledge was considered adequate for the preventive measures used during assistance (86%). As difficulties mentioned in the use of these measures were discomfort, lack of material, personnel and time.
Conclusion. Although undergraduate students know what measures to be used in contact precaution, they do not have adequate knowledge about which diseases they should use them. The three participating universities should reflect on the quality of training for nursing students regarding biosecurity and contact precautions.
The predictors of severe course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children: results of a retrospective-prospective multicenter study
Authors: Avrusin Ilia S. , Abramova Natalia N. , Belozerov Konstantin E. , Efremova Olesya S. , Bregel Lyudmila V. , Kondratiev Gleb V. , Dondurey Elena A. , Vilnitz Alla A. , Konstantinova Yulia E. , Burtseva Tatiana E. , Vinnikova Ekaterina I. , Isupova Evgeniya A. , Kornishina Tatiana L. , Masalova Vera V. , Redkina Maria V. , Solodkova Irina V. , Kalashnikova Olga V. , Chasnyk Vyacheslav G. , Alexandrovich Yuri S. , Kostik Mikhail M. 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children (MIS-C) is a rare but severe disease in which various organs and systems are affected, including heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, eyes and organs of the gastrointestinal tract. MIS-C is rather difficult to diagnose, since it has much in common with the infectious process, and Kawasaki disease. However, MIS-C course is more severe and therefore patients need hospitalization in the intensive care unit in half of the cases.
AIM:To determine the factors associated with severe course of MIS-C, requiring hospitalization of patients in the intensive care unit.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:The retrospective study included 166 patients (99 boys, 67 girls), aged 4 months to 17 years (median 8.2 years), with a diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children. To conduct a comparative analysis, patients with MIS-C were divided into two groups: group 1 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (n= 84, 50.6%), and group 2 patients who did not need hospitalization in the intensive care unit (n= 82, 49.4%).
RESULTS:Patients with a more severe course of MIS-C were significantly older. They had a higher frequency of signs such as rash, swelling, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, neurological and respiratory symptoms. Hypotension/shock and myocardial involvement were much more common in patients with severe MIS-C. These patients had a more significant increase in CRP, creatinine, troponin and D-dimer levels. Also, in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, signs of hemophagocytic syndrome were more often observed.
CONCLUSIONS:The main factors determining the severity of MIS-C are damage to the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system, the presence of respiratory and hemodynamic disorders, especially hemophagocytosis.
What is the current status of the covid pandemic? What can/should we do at this point?
Authors: Rennebohm Robert M. 
Published: April 2023

As a direct result of the mass vaccination campaign against COVID (in all age groups), humanity is likely to face a threatening situation that could potentially become catastrophic. The mass vaccination campaign has caused multiple increasingly contagious dominant variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
The reason is the phenomenon of immune escape, neutralizing antibodies induced by the vaccine quickly cease their function, and vaccine non-neutralizing antibodies can make the virus more contagious a form of antibody-mediated or antibody dependent amplification of the infection.
Thus, anti-COVID vaccines do not teach the innate immune system to fight the virus, but instead non-neutralizing vaccine antibodies neutralize the innate immune system of those who are vaccinated. Vaccines against COVID do not contribute to the formation of collective immunity, but, on the contrary, make the virus more contagious. The mass vaccination campaign predisposes to depletion of immunity in vaccinated people. Vaccinated people (of all ages) are currently repeatedly re-infected with SARS-CoV-2. The depletion of immunity decreases a vaccinated persons ability to cope not only with SARS-CoV-2 but with other infections, including EBV, CMV, herpes virus and even tuberculosis. To solve the problem, it is necessary to put an end to simplistic and incorrect directives, to create conditions for a constructive dialogue between scientists and doctors who were responsible for the prevailing narrative about COVID and the policy of combating it, and those scientists and doctors who challenged the prevailing narrative and its policies. We must also encourage such dialogue among citizens dialogue and demystifying education that will improve understanding of the COVID situation, create consensus, and unite people in positive, constructive efforts to save lives and end this pandemic.
Low-frequency Lg from NTS and Kazakh nuclear explosions—observations and interpretation
Authors: Gupta I. N. , Zhang T. R. , Wagner R. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The generation of Lg from underground nuclear explosions is still not fully understood. Near-source scattering of explosion-generated Rg into S appears to be responsible for the low-frequency Lg from nuclear explosions at both Nevada test site (NTS) and Kazakh test site (KTS) (Gupta et al., 1991a, 1992). This mechanism has recently been supported by the analysis of regional data from several Yucca Flats, NTS explosions by Patton and Taylor (1995), who further indicate that the prominent low-frequency spectral null in Lg is due to Rg from a compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) source. In this study, the dependence of spectral nulls on shot depths and other source parameters is first investigated by analyzing Lg from a large number of Yucca Flats (NTS) explosions, with known ground truth, recorded at several broadband stations. Analysis of low-frequency Lg from nuclear explosions at KTS also indicates spectral nulls that are in most cases distinct and identifiable, although generally not as strong as for the NTS shots. Methods of analysis include narrow bandpass filtering, spectral ratios, network averaging, and comparison with synthetic seismograms. Most Lg spectra indicate prominent nulls showing strong dependence on shot depth, and the network-averaged spectral nulls are in remarkably good agreement with those expected from Rg due to a CLVD source at about one-third the shot depth. By providing an improved understanding of Lg from explosions and its usefulness for obtaining source information, these results make an important contribution to regional discrimination and seismic-monitoring capabilities.
Assessment of earthquake location accuracy and confidence region estimates using known nuclear tests
Authors: Lienert Barry R. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
I have used the known epicenters and depths of 307 nuclear tests at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and 75 tests at the East Kazakhstan Test Site to compare the distances between actual and calculated hypocenters (mislocations) with calculated location confidence limits (errors). Each test was located using its ISC-compiled P first arrivals, a starting depth of 33 km and the IASP91 velocity model. I also applied azimuth and incident angle-dependent station corrections to the arrival times. The most accurately located tests are those at the Kazakhstan Test Site, where all of the mislocations in latitude and longitude are less than ±10 km and 90% of the depth mislocations are less than 20 km. Bayesian confidence limits calculated from the least-squares covariance matrix satisfactorily account for these mislocations. At the Nevada Test Site, 90% of the mislocations are less than ±9 km in longitude, ±15 km in latitude, and 33 km in depth. The overestimates in depth are compensated for by origin times that are 2 to 5 sec late. The larger mislocations at NTS occur in spite of the fact that the closest recording sites are less than 200 km away, compared to 1800 km away at the Kazakhstan Test Site. A significant fraction of the depth mislocations at NTS are much larger than their calculated errors. I interpret this failure of the calculated errors to adequately account for the NTS mislocations as being due to systematically late arrivals at northwestern American stations relative to the predicted IASP91 values. By using a locally determined three-layer velocity model for the travel times of phases recorded at distances of less than 1500 km, I was able to reduce 90% of the depth mislocations to less than 11 km as well as significantly reducing the latitude, longitude, and origin time mislocations. I conclude that differences between the IASP91 model and velocities in the vicinity of the explosions may introduce a significant bias into the determined depths of nuclear tests. A similar bias would therefore be expected in the similarly determined depths of shallow earthquakes.
Effects of a low-velocity zone on a dynamic rupture
Authors: Harris Ruth A. , Day Steven M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDynamic-crack earthquake simulations generally assume that the crustal material surrounding faults is laterally homogeneous. Tomographic and near-fault seismic studies indicate that the crust near faults is instead comprised of rocks of varying material velocities. We have tested the effects of adding material-velocity variation to simulations of spontaneously propagating earthquakes. We used two-dimensional plane strain conditions coupled with a slip-weakening fracture criterion and examined earthquakes on faults that bisect finite-width low-velocity zones embedded in country rock and earthquakes on faults that bound two different-velocity materials. When a fault bisects a low-velocity zone, the normal stress remains unchanged, but both the rupture velocity and slip-velocity pulse shape are perturbed. The presence of the low-velocity zone induces high-frequency oscillations in the slip function near the rupture front. When the fault is on the edge of the low-velocity zone, the oscillations are more pronounced, and repeated sticking and slipping can occur near the rupture front. For the slip-weakening (velocity-independent) friction model, however, the temporary sticking does not lead to permanent arrest of slip, and slip duration is still controlled by the overall rupture dimension. When an earthquake ruptures a fault juxtaposing a lower-velocity material against a higher-velocity material, the normal stress across the fault near the crack tip is perturbed. The sign of the normal stress perturbation depends on the direction of rupture, leading in some cases to a directional dependence of rupture velocity. When slip is accompanied by stress reduction, a positive feedback develops between the normal and shear stress changes, as previously noted by Andrews and Ben-Zion (1997), resulting in an apparently unavoidable grid-size dependence in computation of stress change near the rupture front. Numerical experiments indicate, however, that the rupture velocity is insensitive to this zone size dependence, which is highly localized immediately behind the crack tip. The factors controlling the rupture velocity in the simulations, including directional dependence, are further elucidated by a new analytical solution for rupture of an asperity on a frictionless interface.
Crustal thickness variations in southern California from Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment passive phase teleseismic travel times
Authors: Kohler Monica D. , Davis Paul M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe goal of the 1993 Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE93) passive phase was to collect waveform data from local and distant earthquakes to study lower crust and upper mantle structural features in southern California, particularly under the San Gabriel Mountains and San Andreas fault. During LARSE93, approximately 88 stations were deployed in a 175-km-long, linear array across the Los Angeles basin, San Gabriel Mountains, and Mojave Desert northeast of Los Angeles. During the four weeks of continuous recording, teleseismic events recorded at each site provided a wide range of ray path backazimuths. The teleseismic events included a number of intermediate-magnitude earthquakes with epicenters in the Aleutian Island, Kamchatka, Kuril Island, mid-Atlantic Ridge, Solomon Island, Japan, Fiji Island, and Chile regions. This experiment was followed by LARSE94, which involved land refraction and deep-crustal seismic reflection profiles from offshore and onshore explosion sources. We have used the joint data sets in this study to distinguish upper crustal features from adjacent lower crustal and upper mantle structures. P-wave travel times were determined from 17 teleseisms, and upper crustal residual signatures were removed by incorporating LARSE94 upper crustal velocity model results. Within each backazimuth range, the resulting relative traveltime residuals increase from negative values (−0.5-sec average) recorded in the northern San Gabriel Valley-southern San Gabriel Mountain foothills to positive values (0.2-sec average) in the central and northern San Gabriel Mountains. The residual patterns display variations for different backazimuths and incidence angles but show almost no lateral spatial shift of maximum or minimum residual along the array, indicating that the dominant source of the residual pattern is shallow (&lt;50 km). The patterns of residuals require a sharp lateral gradient in shallow velocities between the northern San Gabriel Valley (located in the northernmost Los Angeles basin) and the San Gabriel Mountains over a distance of less than 50 km. Most of the residual pattern can be explained by laterally varying crustal thickness and a high-velocity anomaly in the upper mantle. In our model of Moho depth variations, the northern San Gabriel Valley to the southwest of the array is underlain by thinned continental crust. Crustal thickness increases laterally by 12 km over a distance of less than 50 km into the San Gabriel Mountains. This conclusion is supported by widespread surface evidence for rift-style volcanism and crustal extension in southern California crustal rocks.
The role of attenuation on acoustic emission amplitude distributions and b-values
Authors: Weiss Jérôme 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An analysis is presented that allows the evaluation of the effect of attenuation on acoustic emission amplitude distributions and b-values obtained during the deformation of geomaterials in laboratory experiments. It is shown that initial amplitude distributions can be strongly affected by attenuation. Therefore, the interpretation of recorded distributions or b-values, in terms of damage, distribution of microcrack sizes, or the comparison of the microseismicity at a small scale with earthquakes dynamics in the Earth's crust has to be taken with caution. The analysis allows one to ascertain, in some cases, whether a b-value calculated from a measured distribution was modified by attenuation. The procedure can be theoretically reversed in order to estimate the original distribution (at the source) from the recorded distribution. However, in practice, lack of precision on attenuation coefficients and source radii makes it difficult to perform.