bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Control of Tire Longitudinal and Lateral Forces of Distributed Drive Virtual Rail Train
Authors: Zhang Rang , Shen Gang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hub motors are distributed on different wheels of the virtual rail train (VRT), forming a distributed drive mode, which is conducive to simplifying the transmission system and improving the stability and mobility of VRT. How to coordinate the relationship between the longitudinal and lateral forces of tires is a problem that must be solved. This paper proposes a hierarchical cooperative control method of the longitudinal and lateral forces of tires, in which the control decision-making layer ensures the steering stability and path following performance of VRT, and establishes an objective function based on the tire load rate at the distribution layer to distribute the longitudinal and lateral forces of each tire. The co-simulation results based on MATLAB / Simulink and multi-body dynamics software UM show that the cooperative control method not only ensures the specific track requirements of the train, but also reduces the peak load rate of the tire, optimizes the distribution of the load rate, and greatly improves the stability of the train in the steering process.
Harnessing light in biofabrication
Authors: Levato Riccardo , Lim Khoon S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The integration of light-driven technologies into biofabrication has revolutionized the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with numerous breakthroughs in the last few years. Light-based bioprinting approaches (lithography, multiphoton and volumetric bioprinting) have shown the potential to fabricate large scale tissue engineering constructs of high resolution, with great flexibility and control over the cellular organization. Given the unprecedented degree of freedom in fabricating convoluted structures, key challenges in regenerative medicine, such as introducing complex channels and pre-vascular networks in 3D constructs have also been addressed. Light has also been proven as a powerful tool, leading to novel photo-chemistry in designing bioinks, but also able to impart spatial-temporal control over cellular functions through photo-responsive chemistry. For instance, smart constructs able to undergo remotely controlled shape changes, stiffening, softening and degradation can be produced. The non-invasive nature of light stimulation also enables to trigger such responses post-fabrication, during the maturation phase of a construct. Such unique ability can be used to mimic the dynamic processes occurring in tissue regeneration, as well as in disease progression and degenerative processes in vivo. Bringing together these novel multidisciplinary expertise, the present Special Issue aims to discuss the most recent trends, strategies and novel light-based technologies in the field of biofabrication. These include: 1) using light-based bioprinting to develop in vitro models for drug screening, developmental biology models, disease models, and also functional tissues for implantation; 2) novel light-based biofabrication technologies; 3) development of new photo-responsive bioinks or biomaterial inks.
Through The Looking-Glass,
Authors: Carroll Lewis , Jaques Zoe 
Published: February 2023

White Pawn (Alice) to play, and win in eleven moves .

page

page

1. Alice meets R. Q. . . .

26

1. R. Q. to K. R.’s 4th . . .

30

2. Alice through Q.’s 3d  (by railway) . . .

31

2. W. Q. to...
The effect of thyroid hormone therapy on muscle function, strength and mass in older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism—an ancillary study within two randomized placebo controlled trials
Authors: Netzer Seraina , Chocano-Bedoya Patricia , Feller Martin , Janett-Pellegri Camilla , Wildisen Lea , Büchi Annina E , Moutzouri Elisavet , Rodriguez Elena Gonzalez , Collet Tinh-Hai , Poortvliet Rosalinde K E , Mc Carthy Vera J C , Aeberli Daniel , Aujesky Drahomir , Westendorp Rudi , Quinn Terence J , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Kearney Patricia M , Mooijaart Simon , Bauer Douglas C , Rodondi Nicolas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
loss of skeletal muscle function, strength and mass is common in older adults, with important socioeconomic impacts. Subclinical hypothyroidism is common with increasing age and has been associated with reduced muscle strength. Yet, no randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) has investigated whether treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism affects muscle function and mass.

Methods
this is an ancillary study within two RCTs conducted among adults aged ≥65 years with persistent subclinical hypothyroidism (thyrotropin (TSH) 4.60–19.99 mIU/l, normal free thyroxine). Participants received daily levothyroxine with TSH-guided dose adjustment or placebo and mock titration. Primary outcome was gait speed at final visit (median 18 months). Secondary outcomes were handgrip strength at 1-year follow-up and yearly change in muscle mass.

Results
we included 267 participants from Switzerland and the Netherlands. Mean age was 77.5 years (range 65.1–97.1), 129 (48.3%) were women, and their mean baseline TSH was 6.36 mIU/l (standard deviation [SD] 1.9). At final visit, mean TSH was 3.8 mIU/l (SD 2.3) in the levothyroxine group and 5.1 mIU/l (SD 1.8, P &lt; 0.05) in the placebo group. Compared to placebo, participants in the levothyroxine group had similar gait speed at final visit (adjusted between-group mean difference [MD] 0.01 m/s, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.06 to 0.09), similar handgrip strength at one year (MD −1.22 kg, 95% CI −2.60 to 0.15) and similar yearly change in muscle mass (MD −0.15 m2, 95% CI −0.49 to 0.18).

Conclusions
in this ancillary analysis of two RCTs, treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism did not affect muscle function, strength and mass in individuals 65 years and older.
Phylogeny and biogeography of Tiliacoreae (Menispermaceae), a tribe restricted to tropical rainforests
Authors: Lian Lian , Peng Huan-Wen , Ortiz Rosa Del C , Jabbour Florian , Gao Tian-Gang , Erst Andrey S , Chen Zhi-Duan , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Modern tropical rainforests house the highest biodiversity of Earth’s terrestrial biomes and are distributed in three low-latitude areas. However, the biogeographical patterns and processes underlying the distribution of biodiversity among these three areas are still poorly known. Here, we used Tiliacoreae, a tribe of pantropical lianas with a high level of regional endemism, to provide new insights into the biogeographical relationships of tropical rainforests among different continents.

Methods
Based on seven plastid and two nuclear DNA regions, we reconstructed a phylogeny for Tiliacoreae with the most comprehensive sampling ever. Within the phylogenetic framework, we then estimated divergence times and investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of the tribe.

Key Results
The monophyletic Tiliacoreae contain three major clades, which correspond to Neotropical, Afrotropical and Indo-Malesian/Australasian areas, respectively. Both Albertisia and Anisocycla are not monophyletic. The most recent common ancestor of Tiliacoreae occurred in Indo-Malesia, the Afrotropics and Neotropics in the early Eocene, then rapidly diverged into three major clades between 48 and 46 Ma. Three dispersals from Indo-Malesia to Australasia were inferred, one in the middle Eocene and two in the late Oligocene–late Miocene, and two dispersals from the Afrotropics to Indo-Malesia occurred in the late Eocene–Oligocene.

Conclusions
The three main clades of Anisocycla correspond to three distinct genera [i.e. Anisocycla sensu stricto and two new genera (Georgesia and Macrophragma)]. Epinetrum is a member of Albertisia. Our findings highlight that sea-level fluctuations and climate changes in the Cenozoic have played important roles in shaping the current distribution and endemism of Tiliacoreae, hence contributing to the knowledge on the historical biogeography of tropical rainforests on a global scale.
Photobiomodulation: A Systematic Review of the Oncologic Safety of Low-Level Light Therapy for Aesthetic Skin Rejuvenation
Authors: Glass Graeme Ewan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is an increasingly popular modality for aesthetic skin rejuvenation. PBM induces genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic processes within target cells, but such manipulation of cell behavior has led to concerns about oncologic safety. This article presents a summary of the clinical and preclinical evidence for the oncologic safety of PBM for aesthetic skin rejuvenation. A focused systematic review was performed, in which safety data from clinical trials of PBM for skin rejuvenation was supplemented by analyses of in vitro data obtained from cells derived from human skin and human neoplastic cells and in vivo data of tumors of the skin, oral cavity, and breast. Within established parameters, red and near infrared light mainly enhances proliferation of healthy cells without a clear pattern of influence on cell viability. The same light parameters mainly reduce neoplastic cell proliferation and viability or else make no difference. Invasiveness potential (appraised by cell migration assays and/or differential gene expression) is equivocal. PBM does not induce dysplastic change in healthy cells. In vivo tumor models yield varied results with no clear pattern emerging. There are no relevant clinical trial data linking PBM with any significant adverse events, including the finding of a new or recurrent malignancy.
Current clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that PBM is oncologically safe for skin rejuvenation, and there is no evidence to support the proposition that it should be avoided by patients who have previously undergone treatment for cancer.

Level of Evidence: 4
Significance of understanding the genomics of host–pathogen interaction in limiting antibiotic resistance development: lessons from COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Ravichandran Srividhya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The entire world is facing the stiff challenge of COVID-19 pandemic. To overcome the spread of this highly infectious disease, several short-sighted strategies were adopted such as the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungals. However, the misuse and/or overuse of antibiotics have accentuated the emergence of the next pandemic: antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It is believed that pathogens while transferring between humans and the environment carry virulence and antibiotic-resistant factors from varied species. It is presumed that all such genetic factors are quantifiable and predictable, a better understanding of which could be a limiting step for the progression of AMR. Herein, we have reviewed how genomics-based understanding of host–pathogen interactions during COVID-19 could reduce the non-judicial use of antibiotics and prevent the eruption of an AMR-based pandemic in future.
Ethnic differences in complement system biomarkers and their association with metabolic health in men of Black African and White European ethnicity
Authors: Goff L M , Davies K , Zelek W M , Kodosaki E , Hakim O , Lockhart S , O’Rahilly S , Morgan B P 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInflammation plays a fundamental role in the development of several metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D); the complement system has been implicated in their development. People of Black African (BA) ethnicity are disproportionately affected by T2D and other metabolic diseases but the impact of ethnicity on the complement system has not been explored. We investigated ethnic differences in complement biomarkers and activation status between men of BA and White European (WE) ethnicity and explored their association with parameters of metabolic health. We measured a panel of 15 complement components, regulators, and activation products in fasting plasma from 89 BA and 96 WE men. Ethnic differences were statistically validated. Association of complement biomarkers with metabolic health indices (BMI, waist circumference, insulin resistance, and HbA1c) were assessed in the groups. Plasma levels of the key complement components C3 and C4, the regulators clusterin and properdin and the activation marker iC3b were significantly higher in BA compared to WE men after age adjustment, while FD levels were significantly lower. C3 and C4 levels positively correlated with some or all markers of metabolic dysfunction in both ethnic groups while FD was inversely associated with HbA1c in both groups, and clusterin and properdin were inversely associated with some markers of metabolic dysfunction only in the WE group. Our findings of increased levels of complement components and activation products in BA compared to WE men suggest differences in complement regulation that may impact susceptibility to poor metabolic health.
Role of light chain clearance in the recovery of renal function in multiple myeloma: another point of view
Authors: Terrades Natàlia Ramos , Senin Alicia , Azancot Maria A , Gironella Mercedes , Toapanta Nestor , Bermejo Sheila , Martin Lucia , Caravaca-Fontán Fernando , Cuellar Clara , Martínez-Lopez Joaquin , Rodríguez Eva , Bestard Oriol , Soler Maria Jose 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) requiring renal replacement treatment (RRT) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early reduction of serum free light chains (FLC) using both targeted therapy against MM and intensive hemodialysis (IHD) may improve renal outcomes. We evaluated the effectiveness of two different RRT techniques on renal recovery in an MM patient population: standard dialysis procedure vs IHD with either polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion (HFR).

Methods
This was a multicentric retrospective study with severe AKI related to MM, between 2011 and 2018. Twenty-five consecutive patients with AKI secondary to MM requiring RRT were included. Patients that underwent IHD received six dialysis sessions per week during the first 14 days (PMMA vs HFR). All patients were diagnosed with de novo MM or first relapsed MM. Primary outcome was renal recovery defined as dialysis-free at 6 months follow-up.

Results
A total of 25 patients were included. Seventeen patients received IHD and eight standard dialysis. All patients were treated with targeted therapy, 84% bortezomib-based. Of the 25 patients included, 14 (56%) became dialysis independent. We observed a higher proportion of patients who received IHD in the group who recovered kidney function compared with those who remained in HD (92.9% vs 36.4%, P = .007). In our study, the use of IHD to remove FLC had a statistically significant association with renal recovery compared with the standard dialysis group (P = .024).

Conclusion
Early reduction of FLC with IHD as an adjuvant treatment along with MM-targeted therapy may exert a positive impact on renal recovery.
How do my earnings compare? Pay referents and just earnings
Authors: Eisnecker Philipp Simon , Adriaans Jule 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Comparisons are crucial in shaping evaluations of one’s own position. Following this notion, we investigated the role of historical, financial, partner, occupational, and regional pay referents in predicting the just gross hourly earnings in a representative sample of German workers. Looking at this broad range of pay referents, we find that higher reference earnings were generally associated with higher just earnings. In particular, controlling for actual gross hourly earnings, higher occupational, regional, and partners’ hourly earnings were associated with higher just gross hourly earnings. One’s own pay history, in form of average hourly earnings over the past 10 years, did not shape just earnings. Financial needs on the household level, however, mapped on to higher just earnings and this association was particularly pronounced among men. Overall, occupational and financial referents showed the strongest association with just earnings followed by partner earnings. These findings underscore that, while referents closely related to one’s job (e.g., occupational referents) are important, referents that extend beyond the sphere of work (e.g., regional, financial, and partner referents) are also relevant in shaping ideas of the just reward.
Slower-X: reduced efficiency of selection in the early stages of X chromosome evolution
Authors: Mrnjavac Andrea , Khudiakova Ksenia A , Barton Nicholas H , Vicoso Beatriz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDifferentiated X chromosomes are expected to have higher rates of adaptive divergence than autosomes, if new beneficial mutations are recessive (the “faster-X effect”), largely because these mutations are immediately exposed to selection in males. The evolution of X chromosomes after they stop recombining in males, but before they become hemizygous, has not been well explored theoretically. We use the diffusion approximation to infer substitution rates of beneficial and deleterious mutations under such a scenario. Our results show that selection is less efficient on diploid X loci than on autosomal and hemizygous X loci under a wide range of parameters. This “slower-X” effect is stronger for genes affecting primarily (or only) male fitness, and for sexually antagonistic genes. These unusual dynamics suggest that some of the peculiar features of X chromosomes, such as the differential accumulation of genes with sex-specific functions, may start arising earlier than previously appreciated.
Microbial iron cycling is prevalent in water-logged Alaskan Arctic tundra habitats, but sensitive to disturbance
Authors: Michaud Alexander B , Massé Rémi O , Emerson David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWater logged habitats in continuous permafrost regions provide extensive oxic-anoxic interface habitats for iron cycling. The iron cycle interacts with the methane and phosphorus cycles, and is an important part of tundra biogeochemistry. Our objective was to characterize microbial communities associated with the iron cycle within natural and disturbed habitats of the Alaskan Arctic tundra. We sampled aquatic habitats within natural, undisturbed and anthropogenically disturbed areas and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene to describe the microbial communities, then supported these results with process rate and geochemical measurements. Undisturbed habitats have microbial communities that are significantly different than disturbed habitats. Microbial taxa known to participate in the iron and methane cycles are significantly associated with natural habitats, whereas they are not significantly associated with disturbed sites. Undisturbed habitats have significantly higher extractable iron and are more acidic than disturbed habitats sampled. Iron reduction is not measurable in disturbed aquatic habitats and is not stimulated by the addition of biogenic iron mats. Our study highlights the prevalence of Fe-cycling in undisturbed water-logged habitats, and demonstrates that anthropogenic disturbance of the tundra, due to legacy gravel mining, alters the microbiology of aquatic habitats and disrupts important biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic tundra.
Synthesis and degradation of polyphosphate inMyxococcus xanthus
Authors: Harita Daiki , Nishida Kazuha , Kimura Yoshio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolyphosphate kinase 1 (Ppk1) generates polyphosphates (polyPs) by catalyzing phosphate transfer from ATP. In the presence of ATP, Myxococcus xanthus Ppk1 showed the highest activity with polyP60–70 but also showed high activity with orthophosphate and pyrophosphate. Ppk1 synthesizes long-chain polyPs with &gt;1 000 phosphate residues from orthophosphate or pyrophosphate present in high concentrations, suggesting that in M. xanthus, Ppk1 uses intracellular ortho/pyrophosphate as an initial primer for polyP production. During M. xanthus starvation-induced development, the specific activity of Ppk1 peaked at 12 h (300–800 nmol/min/mg) and then gradually decreased. The polyP concentration was highest during mound formation (45 nmol phosphate/mg protein); then, the level of long-chain polyPs decreased and that of short-chain polyPs increased during fruiting body and spore formation. Myxococcus xanthus expresses two exopolyphosphatases, Ppx1 and Ppx2, which mainly degrade short- and long-chain polyPs, respectively, both of which were highest in vegetative cells and were detected during starvation, which may account for the degradation of polyPs. Thus, polyPs synthesized by Ppk1 early in starvation-induced development could be degraded by exopolyphosphatases and may also be used as substrates by polyP:AMP phosphotransferases and polyphosphate/ATP-NAD kinases to generate ADP and NADP+, respectively.
Elucidating the functional roles of prokaryotic proteins using big data and artificial intelligence
Authors: Ardern Zachary , Chakraborty Sagarika , Lenk Florian , Kaster Anne-Kristin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnnotating protein sequences according to their biological functions is one of the key steps in understanding microbial diversity, metabolic potentials, and evolutionary histories. However, even in the best-studied prokaryotic genomes, not all proteins can be characterized by classical in vivo, in vitro, and/or in silico methods—a challenge rapidly growing alongside the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies and their enormous extension of ‘omics’ data in public databases. These so-called hypothetical proteins (HPs) represent a huge knowledge gap and hidden potential for biotechnological applications. Opportunities for leveraging the available ‘Big Data’ have recently proliferated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI). Here, we review the aims and methods of protein annotation and explain the different principles behind machine and deep learning algorithms including recent research examples, in order to assist both biologists wishing to apply AI tools in developing comprehensive genome annotations and computer scientists who want to contribute to this leading edge of biological research.