bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting ICU Mortality in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients Using Machine Learning: The Predicting Outcome and STratifiCation of severity in ARDS (POSTCARDS) Study*
Authors: Villar Jesús , González-Martín Jesús M. , Hernández-González Jerónimo , Armengol Miguel A. , Fernández Cristina , Martín-Rodríguez Carmen , Mosteiro Fernando , Martínez Domingo , Sánchez-Ballesteros Jesús , Ferrando Carlos , Domínguez-Berrot Ana M. , Añón José M. , Parra Laura , Montiel Raquel , Solano Rosario , Robaglia Denis , Rodríguez-Suárez Pedro , Gómez-Bentolila Estrella , Fernández Rosa L. , Szakmany Tamas , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Slutsky Arthur S. ,   for the Predicting Outcome and STratifiCation of severity in ARDS (POSTCARDS) Network
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the value of machine learning approaches in the development of a multivariable model for early prediction of ICU death in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

DESIGN:
A development, testing, and external validation study using clinical data from four prospective, multicenter, observational cohorts.

SETTING:
A network of multidisciplinary ICUs.

PATIENTS:
A total of 1,303 patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS managed with lung-protective ventilation.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We developed and tested prediction models in 1,000 ARDS patients. We performed logistic regression analysis following variable selection by a genetic algorithm, random forest and extreme gradient boosting machine learning techniques. Potential predictors included demographics, comorbidities, ventilatory and oxygenation descriptors, and extrapulmonary organ failures. Risk modeling identified some major prognostic factors for ICU mortality, including age, cancer, immunosuppression, Pao
2/Fio
2, inspiratory plateau pressure, and number of extrapulmonary organ failures. Together, these characteristics contained most of the prognostic information in the first 24 hours to predict ICU mortality. Performance with machine learning methods was similar to logistic regression (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82–0.91). External validation in an independent cohort of 303 ARDS patients confirmed that the performance of the model was similar to a logistic regression model (AUC, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.87–0.94).

CONCLUSIONS:
Both machine learning and traditional methods lead to promising models to predict ICU death in moderate/severe ARDS patients. More research is needed to identify markers for severity beyond clinical determinants, such as demographics, comorbidities, lung mechanics, oxygenation, and extrapulmonary organ failure to guide patient management.
Immigration bias among medical students: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Grafeneder Jürgen , Baewert Andjela , Katz Henri , Holzinger Anita , Niederdoeckl Jan , Roth Dominik 
Published: August 2023

Background and importance
Racial bias is found in both physicians and medical students. Immigrants in many parts of the world face challenges similar to racial minorities. Identification of immigrants might however be more subtle than identification by race, and currently, no data are available on a possible bias against the large minority group of migrants in Europe.

Design
Randomized control trial.

Settings and participants
Second-year medical students were randomized into four groups to watch a video of either a male or female patient with pain, with or without immigrant status.

Intervention
Students were asked whether they would administer pain medication (primary outcome).

Outcome measures and analysis
Immigrant status, patient’s gender, student’s gender, age, and language skills were covariates in a logistic regression model. Secondary outcomes included pain medication potency and the student’s rating of the patient’s pain intensity.

Main results
We recruited 607 students [337 females (56%), 387 (64%) between 18 and 22 years old]. Analgesia was administered in 95% (n = 576). Immigrant status was not associated with the probability of receiving pain medication [95 vs. 95%, odds ratio (OR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–1.70, P = 0.58]. Immigrants received high-potency analgesia less often (26 vs. 33%, OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50–0.96, P = 0.03). Female students administered pain medication more frequently (96 vs. 93%, OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.05–5.02, P = 0.04), and rated the patients’ pain higher (mean numeric rating scale 7.7, SD 0.9 vs. 7.4, SD 1.0, OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.16–1.60, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Medical students showed no immigration bias with regard to administering pain medication but were less likely to choose high-potency analgesia in immigrants. We also found a gender difference in pain management. These results demonstrate the importance of including knowledge about immigration bias in medical training.
Synergistic Fusion of Graph and Transformer Features for Enhanced Molecular Property Prediction
Authors: Sai Prakash M V , Siddartha Reddy N , Parab Ganesh , Varun V , Vaddina Vishal , Gopalakrishnan Saisubramaniam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMolecular property prediction is a critical task in computational drug discovery. While recent advances in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Transformers have shown to be effective and promising, they face the following limitations: Transformer self-attention does not explicitly consider the underlying molecule structure while GNN feature representation alone is not sufficient to capture granular and hidden interactions and characteristics that distinguish similar molecules. To address these limitations, we propose SYN-FUSION, a novel approach that synergistically combines pre-trained features from GNNs and Transformers. This approach provides a comprehensive molecular representation, capturing both the global molecule structure and the individual atom characteristics. Experimental results on MoleculeNet benchmarks demonstrate superior performance, surpassing previous models in 5 out of 7 classification datasets and 4 out of 6 regression datasets. The performance of SYN-FUSION has been compared with other Graph-Transformer models that have been jointly trained using a combination of transformer and graph features, and it is found that our approach is on par with those models in terms of performance. Extensive analysis of the learned fusion model across aspects such as loss, latent space, and weight distribution further validates the effectiveness of SYN-FUSION. Finally, an ablation study unequivocally demonstrates that the synergy achieved by SYN-FUSION surpasses the performance of its individual model components and their ensemble, offering a substantial improvement in predicting molecular properties.CCS CONCEPTS•Applied computing→Molecular sequence analysis;Bioinformatics; •Computing methodologies→Artificial intelligence;Transfer learning;Neural networks.
Proteomic profiling of regenerated urinary bladder tissue with stem cell seeded scaffold composites in a non-human primate bladder augmentation model
Authors: Sharma Tiffany T. , Edassery Seby L. , Rajinikanth Natchiket , Karra Vikram , Bury Matthew I. , Sharma Arun K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUrinary bladder insult can be caused by environmental, genetic, and developmental factors. Depending upon insult severity, the bladder may lose its ability to maintain capacity and intravesical pressures resulting in renal deterioration. Bladder augmentation enterocystoplasty (BAE) is employed to increase bladder capacity to preserve renal function using autologous bowel tissue as a “patch.” To avoid the clinical complications associated with this procedure, we have engineered composite grafts comprised of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) co-seeded onto a pliable synthetic scaffold [POCO; poly(1,8-octamethylene-citrate-co-octanol)] or a biological scaffold (SIS; small intestinal submucosa) to regenerate bladder tissue in a baboon bladder augmentation model. We set out to determine the protein expression profile of bladder tissue that has undergone regeneration with the aforementioned stem cell seeded scaffolds along with baboons that underwent BAE. Data demonstrate that POCO and SIS grafted animals share high protein homogeneity between native and regenerated tissues while BAE animals displayed heterogenous protein expression between the tissues following long-term engraftment. We posit that stem cell seeded scaffolds can recapitulate tissue that is almost indistinguishable from native tissue at the protein level and may be used in lieu of procedures such as BAE.Significance of StudyBladder augmentation enterocystoplasty has been used for decades as the gold-standard surgical procedure to treat severely dysfunctional bladders. Unfortunately, bowel (typically ileum) used for augmentation is an anatomical and physiological mismatch to bladder tissue and results in numerous complications including bladder perforation, secondary and tertiary redo surgeries, metabolic imbalances, excess mucus production, and increased risk of cancer. This is in part due to the intestinal protein expression that serves as a starting point and subsequent foundation in the optimization of pseudo bladder tissue. Within the context of this study, we demonstrate that autologous, bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells along with primitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells can used to regenerate bladder tissue in a large deficit, non-human primate bladder augmentation model. Data demonstrate that this synergistic cellular combination facilitates the promotion of a protein tissue landscape that is nearly identical to native bladder tissue.
IP box effects in the gaming industry
Authors: Białek-Jaworska Anna , Teterycz Agnieszka , Sichel Ricardo , Woźniak Michał 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to verify how the intellectual property (IP) box affects firms’ effective tax rate, growth and innovation activity outcomes related to intellectual property rights.Design/methodology/approachImplementing the innovation box regimes into the tax system intends to encourage firms to engage in more innovative activities. In UK, Italy and Poland, the IP box tax relief was introduced in 2013, 2015 and 2019, respectively. In return, companies may reduce their tax rate to increase their investment and innovativeness. With a panel model approach – system GMM and DiD with multiple time periods – it analyses data from the Orbis database for 2011–2019 of 673 firms from the gaming industry in 11 countries and hand-collected data on intellectual property rights protection. The authors study public and private companies from the gaming sector in leading European markets and all three countries that protect intellectual property rights of software (Japan, South Korea, the USA).FindingsRecent reforms enable gaming companies to use preferential tax treatment for IP-related income and significantly impact a firm’s revenue growth.Practical implicationsNevertheless, European gaming firms require time to leap the gap to the growth and innovativeness of countries that protect software.Originality/valueThe authors show that the IP box stimulates gaming firms to protect IP via wordmarks, figurative marks, trademarks and software patents that bring effects in five years. Despite the critics against IP box, the authors prove its lagged efficiency, especially in profitable and larger firms.
Linking consumer compatibility and bank reputation to intention to use mobile banking
Authors: Kıymalıoğlu Aslıhan , Akıncı Serkan , Alragig Akzhan 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis article aims to question the role of attitude towards behavior and bank reputation in the relationship between consumer compatibility and behavioral intention.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data from 640 mobile bank users in a developing country setting, the authors explored the conditional effects of users' compatibility on their future intention to use mobile banking services through attitude towards use as a function of perceived corporate reputation.FindingsThe results indicated that the attitude towards using mobile banking services has a partial mediating role in the relationship between compatibility and future intention to use. This indirect path depends on the reputation of the bank.Originality/valueThe original contribution of this study is to detail the mechanism between compatibility and usage intention that emerges within the scope of the model the authors propose and to realize this through the Johnson-Neyman approach.
Habitat area and edges affect the length of trophic chains in a fragmented forest
Authors: Cagnolo Luciano , Bernaschini Laura , Salvo Adriana , Valladares Graciela 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The food chain length represents how much energy reaches different trophic levels in food webs. Environmental changes derived from human activities have the potential to affect chain length.

We explore how habitat area and edges affect chain length through: (1) a bottom‐up effect of abundance (‘pyramid hypothesis’); (2) the truncation of the highest trophic level (‘trophic‐rank hypothesis’); and (3) changes in species connectivity patterns (‘connectivity hypothesis’).

We built plant‐leaf miner‐parasitoid food webs in 19 remnants of a fragmented Chaco forest from central Argentina. On each remnant, we constructed food webs from different locations at the forest interior and edges. For each food web, we registered the abundance of species, the species richness of each trophic level, estimated the connectivity of their networks, and the average food chain length. We used structural equation models to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of habitat area and edge/interior location on food chain length mediated by species richness, abundance and connectivity.

We found no direct effects of habitat area on chain length but chains were longer at forest edges than at their interior. The three mechanisms were supported by our results, although they showed different strengths. First, we found that the interior favours a bottom‐up abundance effect from herbivores to parasitoids that positively affected chain length; second, we found that the forest area positively affects plant richness, which has a strong effect on the number of resources used by consumers, with a positive effect on chain length. Third, the remnant area and interior position favoured plant richness with a negative effect on the abundance of parasitoids, which had a positive effect on chain length. In general, the strongest effects on chain length were detected through changes in abundance rather than species richness although abundance was less affected by habitat fragmentation.

We evaluated for the first time the effects of human‐driven habitat fragmentation on the length of trophic chains in highly diverse plant‐herbivore‐parasitoid networks. Despite the loss of species, small habitat fragments and edges embedded in the agricultural matrix can support interaction networks, making them conservation targets in managed landscapes.
Evidence pertaining to modifiable risk factors for oral diseases: an umbrella review to Inform oral health messages for Australia
Authors: Welti Rachelle , Jones Bree , Moynihan Paula , Silva Mihiri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of this umbrella review was to collate and appraise the evidence base regarding modifiable risk factors for the prevention of oral diseases to inform the update of the Oral Health Messages for Australia. Eleven questions related to modifiable risk factors and dental disease were investigated. Electronic databases (Medline, Embase and PubMed) were searched from January 2010 to October 2022. Systematic reviews evaluating interventions/exposures in healthy subjects from high‐income countries, where Westernized practices, oral health promotion and healthcare systems are similar to Australia, were included. Quality appraisal of included systematic reviews was guided by the AMSTAR tool. Of the 3637 articles identified, 29 articles met eligibility criteria. High‐quality systematic reviews were identified for questions relating to diet, infant feeding, dental check‐ups and oral hygiene. Free sugars consumption above 5% of energy intake, infrequent toothbrushing, smoking/vaping and alcohol intake were consistently associated with poorer oral health outcomes. Breastfeeding up to the age of 24 months was not associated with an increased risk of early childhood caries. The use of interdental cleaning devices and mouthguards during contact sports are likely to be effective in preventing dental disease.
Gut microbiome as a key monitoring indicator for reintroductions of captive animals
Authors: Huang Guangping , Qi Dunwu , Yang Zhisong , Hou Rong , Shi Wenyu , Zhao Fangqing , Li Zitian , Yan Li , Wei Fuwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReintroduction programs seek to restore degraded populations and reverse biodiversity loss. To examine the hypothesis that gut symbionts could be used as an indicator of reintroduction success, we performed intensive metagenomic monitoring over 10 years to characterize the ecological succession and adaptive evolution of the gut symbionts of captive giant pandas reintroduced to the wild. We collected 63 fecal samples from 3 reintroduced individuals and 22 from 9 wild individuals and used 96 publicly available samples from another 3 captive individuals. By microbial composition analysis, we identified 3 community clusters of the gut microbiome (here termed enterotypes) with interenterotype succession that was closely related to the reintroduction process. Each of the 3 enterotypes was identified based on significant variation in the levels of 1 of 3 genera: Clostridium, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia. The enterotype of captive pandas was Escherichia. This enterotype was gradually replaced by the Clostridium enterotype during the wild‐training process, which in turn was replaced by the Pseudomonas enterotype that resembled the enterotype of wild pandas, an indicator of conversion to wildness and a successful reintroduction. We also isolated 1 strain of Pseudomonas protegens from the wild enterotype, a previously reported free‐living microbe, and found that its within‐host evolution contributed to host dietary adaptation in the wild. Monitoring gut microbial structure provides a novel, noninvasive tool that can be used as an indicator of successful reintroduction of a captive individual to the wild.
Adverse events and efficacy of second‐round CAR‐T cell therapy in relapsed pediatric B‐ALL
Authors: Ji Qi , Wu Xiaochen , Zhang Yongping , Zeng Liang , Dong Yi , Liu Ruiqing , Li Bohan , Bai Zhenjiang , Hu Shaoyan , Lu Jun , Wu Shuiyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has transformed the treatment approach for pediatric patients suffering from relapsed/refractory B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). However, there was a paucity of data on the challenges associated with second‐round CAR‐T therapy in this population.MethodsMedical records of nine pediatric patients who received second‐round CAR‐T therapy in a single center from June 2019 to May 2023 were analyzed. Throughout the course of the clinical trial, we evaluated adverse events including CRS, CRES, infections, hematologic toxicity, and organ injury, as well as CAR‐T responses.ResultsExcept for one patient who chose CART therapy due to testicular relapse, the remaining patients had indications for CAR‐T therapy due to relapse with bone marrow alone or combined with other site. There were no difference between the transfusion dose of CART1 and CART2. No differences of incidence and grade of CRS was found between the first‐round CAR‐T therapy (CART1) and second‐round CAR‐T therapy (CART2). Additionally, we found that the incidence of CRES was higher for CART1(3/9,33.3%) than CART2(1/9,11.1%). Our findings revealed that there were no differences of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α between CART1 and CART2, but the peak level of IL‐17A was significantly higher in patients receiving CART1 compared to those receiving CART2 (p = .011). Early and late infection rates after CART1 were higher than CART2. Based on the dynamic changes of ANC, hemoglobin and platelet, ANC, and platelet were reduced obviously post CART. It seems that the incidences of severe thrombocytopenia and severe anemia were higher in the CART1 group compared to CART2. The MRD‐negative CR rates for CART1 and CART2 are 100% and 44.4%, respectively (p = .029). All patients experienced events (relapse, chemotherapy, transplantation, or death) after receiving CART2, including one died, three discharged automatically, and the remaining five patients survived.ConclusionAlthough the remission rate of CART2 is not as high as the CART1 due to the severity of the disease, its safety regarding CRS, CRES, infections, and organ injury is still excellent. Therefore, CART2 remains a viable option for treating pediatric relapsed B‐ALL.
Cultural meaning of education and parents' involvement in education: Perspectives of immigrant Latinos
Authors: Liu Aosai , Heath Mikayla , Grzywacz Joseph G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis qualitative research describes how low‐education, largely undocumented immigrant Latino parents understand and engage in their children's education in the United States.BackgroundEducation has a dual meaning in Latin America, emphasizing children's moral and academic development. It is unclear if this cultural model shapes how immigrant parents navigate the U.S. educational system with their children.MethodIn‐depth interviews were completed with low‐education, largely undocumented immigrant Latino parents (N = 16). The narrative data were analyzed using a consensual method.Findings.Analyses resulted in a conceptual model with three primary themes: Latino parents' bidimensional definition of education (i.e., moral and book smarts), unfamiliarity with education (i.e., the lack of educational experience and desire for generational improvement with education), and educational responsibilities (i.e., a division of labor between parents and teachers).ConclusionsThe developed model suggests that low‐education immigrant Latino parents are involved in children's education in various ways related to their cultural capital, personal experience, and view of school as a “general black box.”Implications.Eliminating the education gap among Latino youth whose parents are undocumented or have limited educational attainment requires acknowledging that “parental involvement” has diverse cultural meanings. Outreach programs based on the proposed model may create more productive partnerships between parents and schools.
Effect of acceptor–donor co‐doping on the microstructure and electrical properties of BiScO3–PbTiO3‐based ceramics
Authors: Kong Xiangchao , Kang Wenshuo , Wang Wugang , Hao Yanshuang , Zhou Zhiyong , Liang Ruihong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDesigning BiScO3‐PbTiO3 (BS–PT) ceramics that merge high Curie temperature (TC) and large piezoelectric coefficient (d33) has always been a significant challenge for high‐temperature applications. Doping is a commonly used and effective method for enhancing the electrical performances of piezoelectric ceramics. In this study, the Li+/W6+ acceptor–donor co‐doping method was used to enhance the piezoelectric properties of 0.36BiSc1‐xLixO3–0.64PbTi1‐yWyO3 (0.36x = 0.64y) ceramics. The optimal electrical performance was observed at x = 0.01 near morphotropic phase boundaries, with a large d33 (505 pC/N), high TC (407°C), huge remnant polarization (Pr ∼ 40.9 μC/cm2), and inverse piezoelectric coefficient (d33* = 601 pm/V). Rietveld refinement and piezoelectric force microscopy results revealed that incorporating Li+/W6+ into the BS–PT ceramics decreased the T phase proportion and domain size and increased the domain wall density. The enhancement in piezoelectricity can be attributed to the lowered energy barrier resulting from the reduced T‐phase proportion and complex domain structure, which promotes polarization rotation and facilitates domain wall motion. This work demonstrates that acceptor–donor co‐doping is a promising strategy for optimizing the electrical performance of the BS–PT ceramics.