bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validierung der deutschsprachigen Version des Chronic Ear Survey und dessen psychometrischer Vergleich mit einem etablierten deutschsprachigen Messinstrument
Authors: Knoke Michael , Neudert Marcus , Zahnert Thomas , Lailach Susen 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mit dem Chronic Ear Survey (CES) steht seit 2000 ein validiertes Messinstrument zur Erfassung der krankheitsspezifischen bzw. gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (HRQoL) international zur Verfügung. Ziel der Studie war es, für dieses internationale Messinstrument eine validierte deutschsprachige Fassung zur Verfügung zu stellen und diese mit dem deutschen Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test 15 (COMOT-15) zu vergleichen.

Methodik
Der CES wurde über einen Vorwärts-rückwärts-Übersetzungsprozess in die deutsche Sprache transferiert. Zur Validierung wurden 79 Patient:innen mit einer COM, bei denen eine Mittelohroperation durchgeführt wurde, prospektiv in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die HRQoL wurde präoperativ und 6 Monate postoperativ mit dem CES und dem COMOT-15 bestimmt. Zu beiden Messzeitpunkten erfolgte auch eine Reintonaudiometrie. In der Kontrolluntersuchung wurde zusätzlich eine rückwirkende Beurteilung der präoperativen Situation anhand des CES und des COMOT-15 zur Bestimmung des Response-Shifts durchgeführt. Als psychometrische Kenndaten wurden die interne Konsistenz, die Test-Retest-Reliabilität, die Diskriminationsvalidität, die Übereinstimmungsvalidität, die Responsivität für beide Messinstrumente bestimmt. Die konvergente Validität beider Messinstrumente wurde anhand einer linearen Regression bewertet.

Ergebnisse
Anhand des CES konnten Patient:innen mit COM von Ohrgesunden sicher unterschieden werden. Der CES zeigte eine sehr gute Reliabilität mit hoher interner Konsistenz (Cronbach‑α 0,65–0,85) und hoher Retest-Reliabilität (r > 0,8). Die globale Einschätzung der Beeinträchtigung der HRQoL korrelierte sehr gut mit den Scores des CES (r = 0,51). Zudem zeigte er eine hohe Änderungssensitivität („standardized response mean“ −0,86). Im Vergleich zum COMOT-15 zeigte sich ein geringerer Response-Shift (Effektstärke −0,17 vs. 0,44). Beide Messinstrumente korrelierten nur gering mit der Luftleitungshörschwelle (r = 0,29 bzw. r = 0,24). Die konkordante Validität beider Messinstrumente war hoch (r = 0,68).

Schlussfolgerung
Die deutsche Version des CES weist zufriedenstellende psychometrische Kenndaten auf, sodass das Einsatz empfohlen werden kann. Der CES legt hierbei den Fokus auf den Einfluss der Ohrsymptomatik auf die HRQoL, wohingegen der COMOT-15 auch funktionelle und psychologische Aspekte miteinschließt. Aufgrund nur geringer Response-Shift-Effekte eignet sich der CES insbesondere für Untersuchungen mit mehreren Wiederholungsmessungen.
Safety by simulation: theorizing the future of robot regulation
Authors: Viljanen Mika 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMobility robots may soon be among us, triggering a need for safety regulation. Robot safety regulation, however, remains underexplored, with only a few articles analyzing what regulatory approaches could be feasible. This article offers an account of the available regulatory strategies and attempts to theorize the effects of simulation-based safety regulation. The article first discusses the distinctive features of mobility robots as regulatory targets and argues that emergent behavior constitutes the key regulatory concern in designing robot safety regulation regimes. In contrast to many accounts, the article posits that emergent behavior dynamics do not arise from robot autonomy, learning capability, or code unexplainability. Instead, they emerge from the complexity of robot technological constitutions coupled with near-infinite environmental variability and non-linear performance dynamics of the machine learning components. Second, the article reviews rules-based and performance-based regulation and argues that both will fail adequately constrain emergent robot behaviors. The article claims that controlling mobility robots requires a simulation-based regulatory approach. Simulation-based regulation is a novelty with significant theoretical and practical implications. The article argues that the approach signifies a radical break in regulatory forms of knowledge and temporalities. Simulations enact virtual futures to create a new regulatory knowledge type. Practically, the novel safety knowledge type may destabilize the existing conceptual space of safety politics and liability allocation patterns.
Motion Groupoids and Mapping Class Groupoids
Authors: Torzewska Fiona , Faria Martins João , Martin Paul Purdon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHere $${\underline{M}}$$

M
̲

denotes a pair (M, A) of a manifold and a subset (e.g. $$A=\partial M$$

A
=
∂
M

or $$A=\varnothing $$

A
=
∅

). We construct for each $${\underline{M}}$$

M
̲

its motion groupoid$$\textrm{Mot}_{{\underline{M}}}$$

Mot

M
̲

, whose object set is the power set $$ {{\mathcal {P}}}M$$

P
M

of M, and whose morphisms are certain equivalence classes of continuous flows of the ‘ambient space’ M, that fix A, acting on $${{\mathcal {P}}}M$$

P
M

. These groupoids generalise the classical definition of a motion group associated to a manifold M and a submanifold N, which can be recovered by considering the automorphisms in $$\textrm{Mot}_{{\underline{M}}}$$

Mot

M
̲

of $$N\in {{\mathcal {P}}}M$$

N
∈
P
M

. We also construct the mapping class groupoid$$\textrm{MCG}_{{\underline{M}}}$$

MCG

M
̲

associated to a pair $${\underline{M}}$$

M
̲

with the same object class, whose morphisms are now equivalence classes of homeomorphisms of M, that fix A. We recover the classical definition of the mapping class group of a pair by taking automorphisms at the appropriate object. For each pair $${\underline{M}}$$

M
̲

we explicitly construct a functor $${\textsf{F}}:\textrm{Mot}_{{\underline{M}}} \rightarrow \textrm{MCG}_{{\underline{M}}}$$

F
:

Mot

M
̲

→

MCG

M
̲

, which is the identity on objects, and prove that this is full and faithful, and hence an isomorphism, if $$\pi _0$$

π
0

and $$\pi _1$$

π
1

of the appropriate space of self-homeomorphisms of M are trivial. In particular, we have an isomorphism in the physically important case $${\underline{M}}=([0,1]^n, \partial [0,1]^n)$$

M
̲

=

(

[
0
,
1
]

n

,
∂

[
0
,
1
]

n

)

, for any $$n\in {\mathbb {N}}$$

n
∈
N

. We show that the congruence relation used in the construction $$\textrm{Mot}_{{\underline{M}}}$$

Mot

M
̲

can be formulated entirely in terms of a level preserving isotopy relation on the trajectories of objects under flows—worldlines (e.g. monotonic ‘tangles’). We examine several explicit examples of $$\textrm{Mot}_{{\underline{M}}}$$

Mot

M
̲

and $$\textrm{MCG}_{{\underline{M}}}$$

MCG

M
̲

demonstrating the utility of the constructions.
Gravitational Blocks, Spindles and GK Geometry
Authors: Boido Andrea , Gauntlett Jerome P. , Martelli Dario , Sparks James 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe derive a gravitational block formula for the supersymmetric action for a general class of supersymmetric AdS solutions, described by GK geometry. Extremal points of this action describe supersymmetric AdS$$_3$$

3

solutions of type IIB supergravity, sourced by D3-branes, and supersymmetric AdS$$_2$$

2

solutions of $$D=11$$

D
=
11

supergravity, sourced by M2-branes. In both cases, the branes are also wrapped over a two-dimensional orbifold known as a spindle, or a two-sphere. We develop various geometric methods for computing the gravitational block contributions, allowing us to recover previously known results for various explicit supergravity solutions, and to significantly generalize these results to other compactifications. For the AdS$$_3$$

3

solutions we give a general proof that our off-shell supersymmetric action agrees with an appropriate off-shell c-function in the dual field theory, establishing a very general exact result in holography. For the AdS$$_2$$

2

solutions our gravitational block formula allows us to obtain the entropy for supersymmetric, magnetically charged and accelerating black holes in AdS$$_4$$

4

.
Under pressure—the influence of hypergravity on electrocortical activity and neurocognitive performance
Authors: Badalì Constance , Wollseiffen Petra , Schneider Stefan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effects of hypergravity and the associated increased pressure on the human body have not yet been studied in detail, but are of great importance for the safety of astronauts on space missions and could have a long-term impact on rehabilitation strategies for neurological patients. Considering the plans of international space agencies with the exploration of Mars and Moon, it is important to explore the effects of both extremes, weightlessness and hypergravity. During parabolic flights, a flight manoeuvre that artificially creates weightlessness and hypergravity, electrocortical activity as well as behavioural parameters (error rate and reaction time) and neuronal parameters (event-related potentials P300 and N200) were examined with an electroencephalogram. Thirteen participants solved a neurocognitive task (mental arithmetic task as a primary task and oddball paradigm as a secondary task) within normal as well as hypergravity condition in fifteen consecutive parabolas for 22 s each. No changes between the different gravity levels could be observed for the behavioural parameters and cortical current density. A significantly lower P300 amplitude was observed in 1 G, triggered by the primary task and the target sound of the oddball paradigm. The N200, provoked by the sounds of the oddball paradigm, revealed a higher amplitude in 1.8 G. A model established by Kohn et al. (2018) describing changes in neural communication with decreasing gravity can be used here as an explanatory approach. The fluid shift increases the intracranial pressure, decreases membrane viscosity and influences the open state probability of ion channels. This leads to an increase in the resting membrane potential, and the threshold for triggering an action potential can be reached more easily. The question now arises whether the observed changes are linear or whether they depend on a specific threshold.
The ptotic tongue—imaging appearance and pathology localization along the course of the hypoglossal nerve
Authors: Gorolay Vineet Vijay , Tran Ngoc-Anh , Tade Ryan , Baugnon Kristen , Aiken Ashley , Wu Xin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCT and MRI findings of tongue ptosis and atrophy should alert radiologists to potential pathology along the course of the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII), a purely motor cranial nerve which supplies the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue. While relatively specific for hypoglossal nerve pathology, these findings do not accurately localize the site or cause of denervation. A detailed understanding of the anatomic extent of the nerve, which crosses multiple anatomic spaces, is essential to identify possible underlying pathology, which ranges from benign postoperative changes to life-threatening medical emergencies. This review will describe key imaging findings of tongue denervation, segmental anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve, imaging optimization, and comprehensive imaging examples of diverse pathology which may affect the hypoglossal nerve. Armed with this knowledge, radiologists will increase their sensitivity for detection of pathology and provide clinically relevant differential diagnoses when faced with findings of tongue ptosis and denervation.
Thrombotic risk of platinum combination chemotherapy with and without immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide inpatient database study
Authors: Iwai Chikako , Jo Taisuke , Konishi Takaaki , Fujita Asahi , Michihata Nobuaki , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the associated thromboembolism risk with adding immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to platinum combination chemotherapy compared with platinum combination chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Materials and methods
This study identified 75,807 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database who started platinum combination chemotherapy between July 2010 and March 2021. The incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), arterial thromboembolism (ATE), and all-cause mortality within 6 months after commencing platinum combination chemotherapy was compared between patients receiving chemotherapy with ICI (ICI group, n = 7,177) and without ICI (non-ICI group, n = 37,903). Survival time analysis was performed using the overlap weighting method with propensity scores to adjust for background factors. The subdistribution hazard ratio for developing thromboembolism was calculated using the Fine-Gray model with death as a competing risk. The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was also calculated using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
Overall, VTE and ATE occurred in 761 (1.0%) and 389 (0.51%) patients, respectively; mortality was 11.7%. Propensity score overlap weighting demonstrated that the subdistribution hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for VTE and ATE in the ICI group was 1.27 (1.01–1.60) and 0.96 (0.67–1.36), respectively, compared with the non-ICI group. The mortality hazard ratio in the ICI group was 0.68 (0.62–0.74).

Conclusion
The addition of ICI to platinum combination therapy was associated with a higher risk of VTE compared with platinum combination therapy alone, while the risk of ATE might be comparable.
A Prospective Study Evaluating the Feasibility and Accuracy of Post‐operative Laryngeal Ultrasonography (LUSG) in Assessment of Vocal Cord Function After Esophagectomy
Authors: Fung Matrix Man‐Him , Wong Ian Yu‐hong , Chan Fion Siu‐Yin , Law Tsz‐Ting , Chan Kwan‐Kit , Wong Claudia Lai‐Yin , Law Simon Ying‐Kit , Lang Brian Hung‐Hin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundVocal cord paresis (VCP) is a serious complication after esophagectomy. Conventional diagnosis of VCP relies on flexible laryngoscopy (FL), which is invasive. Laryngeal ultrasonography (LUSG) is non‐invasive and convenient. It has provided accurate VC evaluation after thyroidectomy but it is unclear if it is just as accurate following esophagectomy. This prospective study evaluated the feasibility and accuracy of LUSG in VC assessment on day‐1 after esophagectomy.MethodsConsecutive patients from a tertiary teaching hospital who underwent elective esophagectomy were prospectively recruited. All received pre‐operative FL, and post‐operative LUSG and FL on Day‐1, each performed by a blinded, independent assessor. The primary outcomes were feasibility and accuracy of LUSG in the diagnosis of VCP on Day‐1 post‐esophagectomy. The accuracy of voice assessment (VA) was analyzed.ResultsTwenty‐six patients were eligible for analysis. The median age was 70 years (66–73). Majority were male (84.6%). Twenty‐five (96.2%) received three‐phase esophagectomy. Twenty‐four (96%) had same‐stage anastomosis at the neck. Three (11.5%) developed temporary and one (3.8%) developed permanent unilateral VCP. Overall VC visualization rate by LUSG was 100%; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of LUSG were 75.0%, 100%, 100%, 98.0%, 98.1% respectively, and superior to VA. Combining LUSG with VA findings could pick up all VCPs i.e. improved sensitivity and NPV to 100%.ConclusionLUSG is a highly feasible, accurate and non‐invasive method to evaluate VC function early after esophagectomy. Post‐operative FL may be avoided in patients with both normal LUSG and voice.
Absolute and relative GFR and contrast medium dose/GFR ratio: cornerstones when predicting the risk of acute kidney injury
Authors: Nyman Ulf , Leander Peter , Liss Per , Sterner Gunnar , Brismar Torkel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the best overall index of kidney function in health and disease and its use is recommended to evaluate the risk of iodine contrast medium-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) either as a single parameter or as a ratio between the total contrast medium dose (gram iodine) and GFR. GFR may be expressed in absolute terms (mL/min) or adjusted/indexed to body surface area, relative GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2). Absolute and relative GFR have been used interchangeably to evaluate the risk of CI-AKI, which may be confusing and a potential source of errors. Relative GFR should be used to assess the GFR category of renal function as a sign of the degree of kidney damage and sensitivity for CI-AKI. Absolute GFR represents the excretion capacity of the individual and may be used to calculate the gram-iodine/absolute GFR ratio, an index of systemic drug exposure (amount of contrast medium in the body) that relates to toxicity. It has been found to be an independent predictor of AKI following percutaneous coronary angiography and interventions but has not yet been fully validated for computed tomography (CT). Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the optimal gram-iodine/absolute GFR ratio to predict AKI at various stages of renal function at CT. Only GFR estimation (eGFR) equations based on standardized creatinine and/or cystatin C assays should be used. eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine ratio < 0.6 indicating selective glomerular hypofiltration syndrome may have a stronger predictive power for postcontrast AKI than creatinine‐based eGFR.

Clinical relevance statement
Once the degree of kidney damage is established by estimating relative GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), contrast dose in relation to renal excretion capacity [gram-iodine/absolute GFR (mL/min)] may be the best index to evaluate the risk of contrast-induced kidney injury.

Key Points
• Relative glomerular filtration rate (GFR; mL/min/1.73 m2) should be used to assess the GFR category as a sign of the degree of kidney damage and sensitivity to contrast medium-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI).
• Absolute GFR (mL/min) is the individual’s actual excretion capacity and the contrast-dose/absolute GFR ratio is a measure of systemic exposure (amount of contrast medium in the body), relates to toxicity and should be expressed in gram-iodine/absolute GFR (mL/min).
• Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the optimal contrast medium dose/GFR ratio predicting the risk of CI-AKI at CT and intra-arterial examinations.
Perspectives on the Potentials of Phlorotannins in Enhancing Phytoremediation Performance
Authors: Omoarelojie Luke Odianose , van Staden Johannes 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhytoremediation is gaining momentum among bioremediation strategies for addressing high levels of metal(loid)s and organic pollutants in the environment, which threaten plants, wildlife, and human safety due to their cytotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects. An impediment to this bioremediation method is the limitation in the innate abilities of phytoremediation species to efficiently cope with pollutant-mediated stress, which often restricts growth, development, and efficient pollutant removal. Phlorotannins, a class of polyphenols derived from marine brown algae, possess a number of bioactivities that may be beneficial for boosting phytoremediation efficiency. This review provides a concise overview of phlorotannins, their chemical nature and structural classes, and the few (indicating a paucity of research data) bioactivities of phlorotannins that have been reported in plants. In addition, included are synopses on different phytoremediation strategies and highlights of major future research perspectives on harnessing phlorotannin bioactivities to ameliorate growth, development, and stress tolerance in phytoremediation species for the benefit of phytoremediation efforts.
Sulfur oxidation state and solubility in silicate melts
Authors: Boulliung Julien , Wood Bernard J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe have determined the solubility of sulfur (S) as sulfide (S2–) for 13 different natural melt compositions at temperatures of 1473–1773 K under controlled conditions of oxygen and sulfur fugacities (fO2 and fS2, respectively). The S and major element contents of the quenched glasses were determined by electron microprobe. The sulfide capacity parameter (CS2–) was used to express S2– solubility as a function of the oxygen and sulfur fugacities according to the equation: $$\log C_{{S^{2 - } }} = \log S_{melt} \left( {wt\% } \right) + 0.5\log \left( {\frac{{fO_{2} }}{{fS_{2} }}} \right)$$

log

C

S

2
-

=
log

S

melt

w
t
%

+
0.5
log

f

O
2

f

S
2

. Sulfide capacities of silicate melts were found to increase with temperature and the FeO content of the melt. We combined our sulfide data at 1473–1773 K with (O’Neill and Mavrogenes, J Petrol 43:1049–1087, 2002) results at 1673 K, and obtained by stepwise linear regression the following equation for sulfide capacity $$\log C_{{S^{2 - } }} = 0.225 + \left( {25237X_{FeO} + 5214X_{CaO} + 12705X_{MnO} + 19829X_{{K_{2} O}} - 1109X_{{Si_{0.5} O}} - 8879} \right)/T{ }$$

log

C

S

2
-

=
0.225
+

25237

X

FeO

+
5214

X

CaO

+
12705

X

MnO

+
19829

X

K
2

O

-
1109

X

S

i

0.5

O

-
8879

/
T

. XMO is the mole fraction of the oxide of M on a single-oxygen basis, and T is in Kelvin. The sulfide capacity equation was combined with sulfate capacity (CS6+) data for similar compositions and at the same temperatures (Boulliung and Wood, Geochim Cosmochim Acta 336:150–164, 2022), to estimate the S redox state (S6+/S2– ratio) as a function of melt composition, temperature and oxygen fugacity. Results obtained are in good agreement with earlier measurements of S6+/S2– for basaltic and andesitic compositions. We observe a significant increase, however, relative to FMQ of the oxygen fugacity of the S2– to S6+ transition as temperature is lowered from 1773 to 1473 K. We used our results to simulate sulfur-degassing paths for basaltic compositions under various redox conditions (FMQ –2 log fO2 units to FMQ + 2). The calculations indicate that, given an initial concentration of 0.12 wt% S in an ascending melt at 250 MPa, most of the S (> 80%) will be degassed before the magma reaches 100 MPa pressure.