bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Genetic Diversity through D2 Statistic in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Tripathi Manoj Kumar , Tiwari Sushma , Asati Ruchi , Chauhan Shailja , Sikarwar R. S. , Yasin Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was conducted at the Agriculture Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijyaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The objective of the investigation was to assess the genetic diversity among 71 different chickpea genotypes in relation to their yield and its attributing traits. The experimental design employed was a complete randomized block design with two replications. A comprehensive set of observations was made on twelve distinct yield accrediting traits from five randomly selected plants within each genotype. Based on D2 Statistics analysis, the 71 chickpea genotypes were classified into 26 distinct clusters. Conspicuously, the cluster with the highest numbers of genotypes was designated as cluster 1. A remarkable finding emerged from the analysis of intra-cluster distances, with cluster 16 displaying the greatest distance within its constituents. The evaluation of inter-cluster distances revealed significant dissimilarity between clusters 22 and 26, suggesting presence of considerable genetic variation between these clusters. Conversely, the inter-cluster distance was minimal between clusters 2 and 4, indicating a closer genetic relationship between genotypes ICCV 201109 and SAGL- 162387. In terms of the genetic diversity analysis, it became evident that the yield related traits exerting the most substantial influence on the overall genetic divergence among the 71 chickpea genotypes were biological yield per plant, 100-seed weight, and the numbers of pods per plant. In contrast, the numbers of effective pods per plant contributed minimally to the overall genetic divergence. Based on the findings from both inter-cluster distances and individual performance assessments (per se performance), two specific genotypes viz., ICCV 201207 and SAGL 22-121, were short out as promising for inclusion in a hybridization programme. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of chickpea genetic variability and lay the groundwork for further breeding programmes aimed to enhance chickpea crop productivity.
Studies on Heterosis for Fruit Yield, Quality and ToLCV Resistant in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Kerketta Anita , Bahadur Vijay , Srivastava Rajneesh , Luthra Suraj , Yadav Agnivesh , Lal Lalita 
Published: August 2023

Aims: The current study was designed to investigate the nature and extent of heterosis for marketable fruit output, quality attributes, and resistance to tomato leaf curl virus.
Study Design: Statistical Randomized Block Design.
Place and Duration of Study: The current study was conducted in Horticulture Research Field at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences at Prayagraj U.P. India during Rabi, 2016–17.
Methodology: The experimental included three testers and thirteen lines During Rabi, 2016–17, out of these, ten lines (female parents) were crossed with every three testers (male parents). The resulting 30 F1s were assessed for yield, fruit quality, and leaf curl virus resistance. To gather data, five plants from each replication were randomly tagged in each entry and analysis of variance was performed. Heterosis over better parent (BP) was calculated by treating each feature using the approach proposed by Hayes et al. [1]. The studied data were statically analyzed using the Indostat software Hyderabad program.
Results: The standard heterosis for fruit yield ranged from -67.19 to 29.70% Check (Kashi Abhiman). Five crosses viz., Arka Abha x Kashi Aman, Arka Abha x Kashi Vishesh, Pant T-7 x Kashi Vishesh, S-22 x H-88-78-5 and Pant T-7 x Kashi Aman were exhibited sufficient amount of significant and positive heterosis for fruit yield over standard check. The hybrids Azad T-5 x Kashi Aman and Pant T-7 x Kashi Aman exhibited low incidence with negative heterosis for the ToLCV incidence and severity.
Conclusion: Commercialization of hybrid vigor in tomato (Solanum lycopersium L.) has gained prominence due to various advantages of hybrids over pure line varieties, including higher marketable fruit output, component characteristics, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. According to data presented in the study it is concluded that hybrid vigour can obtain by crossing of parents having desirable characters in tomato.
Establishment of Soil Fertility Gradient and Its Statistical Verification Based on Soil and Crop Response
Authors: Shrivastav Akshay , Srivastava Ajaya , Bahadur Raj , Dey Pradip 
Published: August 2023

To assess the effects of soil fertility gradient on crop yield, nutrient uptake, and soil fertility, a field experiment was conducted on an oat crop at Norman. E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, G.B.U.A.&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India during rabi 2020–21. The experimental field was partitioned into three identical strips. In strip I, N0P0K0 was applied, while strip II received N100P100K100, and strip III was treated with N200P200K200 fertilizers. Nutrient sources included of N:P:K mixture, urea, single superphosphate, and muriate of potash. Oats were cultivated as the exhaust crop, following recommended agronomic procedures, and were harvested upon reaching maturity. Samples of both grain and straw were collected from each strip. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of these samples were assessed, and the total nutrient uptake was calculated. A short-term exhaust crop is grown to transform fertilizer in the soil with plant and microbial activities.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery in Advanced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Pathological Response as a Prognostic Indicator?
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Banerjee Monalisa , Kantharia Shehnaz , Kantharia Rajesh 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To analyze the pathological response and clinical outcomes in patients receiving Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods: Retrospective study of prospectively collected data of 87 patients who received Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma from 2018 to 2021 was done in the department of head and neck surgery. The pathological response to Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed and classified into complete response, partial response and no response. Pathological response and its prognostic importance with various parameters were evaluated.
Results: Total number of 87 patients received Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery for locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma, 58 cases were of buccoalveolar complex, 27 were of tongue and 2 were of metastasis of unknown origin , complete response to Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was seen in 4 tongue and 2 buccoalveolar complex and 2 metastasis of unknown origin cases, partial response to Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was seen in 35 buccoalveolar complex and 11 tongue cases. Out of total 87 patients 25 patients defaulted adjuvant therapy and did not completed prescribed treatment and were lost to follow up. 62 patients who completed treatment and follow up, 38 (61.2%) patients were present in the complete (6) and partial response (32) group, rest (24) in no response group. In the median follow up period of 42 months, the complete and partial response group patients showed better overall survival (P = 0.058) and disease-free survival (P = 0.174) then the no response group overall survival (P = 0.058) and disease-free survival (P = 0.174) but statistically no significant changes amongst group were observed.
Conclusion: The lesions of the tongue are better responding to buccoavleolar complex lesions in complete response groups. disease-free survival and overall survival are higher in the complete response group compared to no response group.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli in Poultry from Doba Commune, Chad
Authors: Antipas Ban-bo Bebanto , Ossoga Gédéon Walbang , Nodjidoumgoto Ndomba , Richard Gandolo Bongo Nare , Kebkiba Bidjeh , Issakou Bakarnga-via 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Avian colibacillosis and salmonellosis are diseases that have a major economic impact on poultry farming and public health worldwide. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of multidrug resistant Salmonellosis and Escherichia coli in Doba commune, Chad
Methodology: This is an experimental study that took place in Doba, the survey of which was carried out among 41 poultry farming households in 15 districts. The samples of faeces were taken with an average of 13 samples per district and were cultured at the IRED Laboratory in N'Djamena. The strains of Salmonella spp and E. coli isolated were identified by the Enterosystem 18R gallery. Their antibiotic sensitivities were tested against 12 selected antibiotics. The Epi Info 7 ™ software was used to perform the statistical analyses.
Results: For this study, 193 samples of faeces were cultured. However, 24 (12.44%) strains were isolated and identified, including 13 (6.74%) Salmonella spp and 11 (5.70%) Escherichia coli. These strains of Salmonella spp were more sensitive to Imipenem (92.31%). They were more resistant to Clotrimazole (84.62%). For E. coli, the highest sensitivity was observed in Imipenem (76.92%). It was more resistant to Amoxicillin + Clavunalic Acid (AMC) 69.23%. Non-compliance with food hygiene, lack of maintenance of the habitat, non-compliance with prophylactic and sanitary measures were the risk factors most linked to the presence of salmonellosis and E. coli. According to the profile, the resistance of Salmonella spp to antibiotics was more observed in Béraba (23.08%) and that of Escherichia coli in Bédokassa (27.27%).
Conclusion: This study allowed the identification of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli in poultry farming households. Non-compliance with food hygiene, lack of maintenance of the habitat, non-compliance with prophylactic and sanitary measures were the risk factors most linked to the presence of salmonellosis and E. coli.
Characterization of Comments About bioRxiv and medRxiv Preprints
Authors: Carneiro Clarissa França Dias , da Costa Gabriel Gonçalves , Neves Kleber , Abreu Mariana Boechat , Tan Pedro Batista , Rayêe Danielle , Boos Flávia Zacouteguy , Andrejew Roberta , Lubiana Tiago , Malički Mario , Amaral Olavo Bohrer 
Published: August 2023

ImportancePreprints have been increasingly used in biomedical science, and a key feature of many platforms is public commenting. The content of these comments, however, has not been well studied, and it is unclear whether they resemble those found in journal peer review.ObjectiveTo describe the content of comments on the bioRxiv and medRxiv preprint platforms.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, preprints posted on the bioRxiv and medRxiv platforms in 2020 were accessed through each platform’s application programming interface on March 29, 2021, and a random sample of preprints containing between 1 and 20 comments was evaluated independently by 3 evaluators using an instrument to assess their features and general content.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe numbers and percentages of comments from authors or nonauthors were assessed, and the comments from nonauthors were assessed for content. These nonauthor comments were assessed to determine whether they included compliments, criticisms, corrections, suggestions, or questions, as well as their topics (eg, relevance, interpretation, and methods). Nonauthor comments were also analyzed to determine whether they included references, provided a summary of the findings, or questioned the preprint’s conclusions.ResultsOf 52 736 preprints, 3850 (7.3%) received at least 1 comment (mean [SD] follow-up, 7.5 [3.6] months), and the 1921 assessed comments (from 1037 preprints) had a median length of 43 words (range, 1-3172 words). The criticisms, corrections, or suggestions present in 694 of 1125 comments (61.7%) were the most prevalent content, followed by compliments (n = 428 [38.0%]) and questions (n = 393 [35.0%]). Criticisms usually regarded interpretation (n = 286), methodological design (n = 267), and data collection (n = 238), while compliments were mainly about relevance (n = 111) and implications (n = 72).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of preprint comments, topics commonly associated with journal peer review were frequent. However, only a small percentage of preprints posted on the bioRxiv and medRxiv platforms in 2020 received comments on these platforms. A clearer taxonomy of peer review roles would help to describe whether postpublication peer review fulfills them.
Differences in Cholecystectomy Outcomes and Operating Time Between Male and Female Surgeons in Sweden
Authors: Blohm My , Sandblom Gabriel , Enochsson Lars , Österberg Johanna 
Published: August 2023

ImportanceFemale surgeons are still in the minority worldwide, and highlighting gender differences in surgery is important in understanding and reducing inequities within the surgical specialty. Studies on different surgical procedures indicate equal results, or safer outcomes, for female surgeons, but it is still unclear whether surgical outcomes of gallstone surgery differ between female and male surgeons.ObjectiveTo examine the association of the surgeon’s gender with surgical outcomes and operating time in elective and acute care cholecystectomies.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA population-based cohort study based on data from the Swedish Registry of Gallstone Surgery was performed from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2019. The sample included all registered patients undergoing cholecystectomy in Sweden during the study period. The follow-up time was 30 days. Data analysis was performed from September 1 to September 7, 2022, and updated March 24, 2023.ExposureThe surgeon’s gender.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)The association between the surgeon’s gender and surgical outcomes for elective and acute care cholecystectomies was calculated with generalized estimating equations. Differences in operating time were calculated with mixed linear model analysis.ResultsA total of 150 509 patients, with 97 755 (64.9%) undergoing elective cholecystectomies and 52 754 (35.1%) undergoing acute care cholecystectomies, were operated on by 2553 surgeons, including 849 (33.3%) female surgeons and 1704 (67.7%) male surgeons. Female surgeons performed fewer cholecystectomies per year and were somewhat better represented at universities and private clinics. Patients operated on by male surgeons had more surgical complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19-1.40) and total complications (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.19). Male surgeons had more bile duct injuries in elective surgery (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.22-2.34), but no significant difference was apparent in acute care operations. Female surgeons had significantly longer operation times. Male surgeons converted to open surgery more often than female surgeons in acute care surgery (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.43), and their patients had longer hospital stays (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11-1.31). No significant difference in 30-day mortality could be demonstrated.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study indicate that female surgeons have more favorable outcomes and operate more slowly than male surgeons in elective and acute care cholecystectomies. These findings may contribute to an increased understanding of gender differences within this surgical specialty.
An analysis of Watson vs. BARD vs. ChatGPT: The Jeopardy! Challenge
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe recently released BARD and ChatGPT have generated substantial interest from a range of researchers and institutions concerned about the impact on education, medicine, law and more. This paper uses questions from the Watson Jeopardy! Challenge to compare BARD, ChatGPT, and Watson. Using those, Jeopardy! questions, we find that for high confidence Watson questions the three systems perform with similar accuracy as Watson. We also find that both BARD and ChatGPT perform with the accuracy of a human expert and that the sets of their correct answers are rated highly similar using a Tanimoto similarity score. However, in addition, we find that both systems can change their solutions to the same input information on subsequent uses. When given the same Jeopardy! category and question multiple times, both BARD and ChatGPT can generate different and conflicting answers. As a result, the paper examines the characteristics of some of those questions that generate different answers to the same inputs. Finally, the paper discusses some of the implications of finding the different answers and the impact of the lack of reproducibility on testing such systems.
Introduction to concept inventories for medical physics education
Authors: Cetnar Ashley J. , Besemer Abby , Bry Victoria , Buckey Courtney R. , Burmeister Jay , Rodrigues Anna , Schubert Leah , Speidel Michael , Sutlief Steven , Yu Amy S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConcept inventories are multiple choice exams designed with the intention to test core concepts on specific subjects and evaluate common misconceptions. These tests serve as a useful tool in the classroom to assess value added by the instructor's educational methods and to better understand how students learn. They can provide educators with a method to evaluate their current teaching strategies and to make modifications that enhance student learning and ultimately elevate the quality of medical physics education. The use of concept inventories in introductory college physics courses revealed important gaps in conceptual understanding of physics by undergraduate students and motivated a shift of physics teaching towards more effective methods, such as active learning techniques. The goal of this review is to introduce medical physicists to concept inventories as educational evaluation tools and discuss potential applications to medical physics education by development through multi‐institutional collaboration.
Expanding the spectrum of neonatal‐onset AIFM1‐associated disorders
Authors: Zambon Alberto A. , Ghezzi Daniele , Baldoli Cristina , Cutillo Gianni , Fontana Katia , Sofia Valentina , Patricelli Maria Grazia , Nasca Alessia , Vinci Stefano , Spiga Ivana , Lamantea Eleonora , Fanelli Giovanna F. , Sora Maria Grazia Natali , Rovelli Rosanna , Poloniato Antonella , Carrera Paola , Filippi Massimo , Barera Graziano 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesPathogenic variants in AIFM1 have been associated with a wide spectrum of disorders, spanning from CMT4X to mitochondrial encephalopathy. Here we present a novel phenotype and review the existing literature on AIFM1‐related disorders.MethodsWe performed EEG recordings, brain MRI and MR Spectroscopy, metabolic screening, echocardiogram, clinical exome sequencing (CES) and family study. Effects of the variant were established on cultured fibroblasts from skin punch biopsy.ResultsThe patient presented with drug‐resistant, electro‐clinical, multifocal seizures 6 h after birth. Brain MRI revealed prominent brain swelling of both hemispheres and widespread signal alteration in large part of the cortex and of the thalami, with sparing of the basal nuclei. CES analysis revealed the likely pathogenic variant c.5T>C; p.(Phe2Ser) in the AIFM1 gene. The affected amino acid residue is located in the mitochondrial targeting sequence. Functional studies on cultured fibroblast showed a clear reduction in AIFM1 protein amount and defective activities of respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV. No evidence of protein mislocalization or accumulation of precursor protein was observed. Riboflavin, Coenzyme Q10 and thiamine supplementation was therefore given. At 6 months of age, the patient exhibited microcephaly but did not experience any further deterioration. He is still fed orally and there is no evidence of muscle weakness or atrophy.InterpretationThis is the first AIFM1 case associated with neonatal seizures and diffuse white matter involvement with relative sparing of basal ganglia, in the absence of clinical signs suggestive of myopathy or motor neuron disease.
Intranasal neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonism improves motor deficits in symptomatic SOD1 ALS mice
Authors: Clark Rosemary M. , Clark Courtney M. , Lewis Katherine E.A. , Dyer Marcus S. , Chuckowree Jyoti A. , Hoyle Joshua A. , Blizzard Catherine A. , Dickson Tracey C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide widely considered to provide neuroprotection in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. In the fatal motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), recent evidence supports a link between NPY and ALS disease processes. The goal of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential and role of NPY in ALS, harnessing the brain‐targeted intranasal delivery of the peptide, previously utilised to correct motor and cognitive phenotypes in other neurological conditions.MethodsTo confirm the association with clinical disease characteristics, NPY expression was quantified in post‐mortem motor cortex tissue of ALS patients and age‐matched controls. The effect of NPY on ALS cortical pathophysiology was investigated using slice electrophysiology and multi‐electrode array recordings of SOD1G93A cortical cultures in vitro. The impact of NPY on ALS disease trajectory was investigated by treating SOD1G93A mice intranasally with NPY and selective NPY receptor agonists and antagonists from pre‐symptomatic and symptomatic phases of disease.ResultsIn the human post‐mortem ALS motor cortex, we observe a significant increase in NPY expression, which is not present in the somatosensory cortex. In vitro, we demonstrate that NPY can ameliorate ALS hyperexcitability, while brain‐targeted nasal delivery of NPY and a selective NPY Y1 receptor antagonist modified survival and motor deficits specifically within the symptomatic phase of the disease in the ALS SOD1G93A mouse.InterpretationTaken together, these findings highlight the capacity for non‐invasive brain‐targeted interventions in ALS and support antagonism of NPY Y1Rs as a novel strategy to improve ALS motor function.
Retracted: Generalisability and stability of visual comparison ability
Authors: Growns Bethany , Gough Mia , Helm Rebecca K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVisual comparison – or ‘pattern‐matching’ – is a generalisable ability to compare complex visual stimuli (like fingerprints or faces) and decide whether they are from the same source or different sources (e.g., fingerprint‐matching). Visual comparison evidence can play a very influential role in court. However, little is understood about the cognitive mechanisms underlying this ability – particularly individual differences in this skill. In this paper, we present two studies where we investigate the domain‐general nature of visual comparison by exploring individual differences (N = 124 in Experiment (1) in three visual comparison tasks (toolmarks, footwear, and artificial‐prints), and the stability of visual comparison by exploring test‐retest reliability (N = 160 in Experiment (2) in six visual comparison tasks (toolmarks, footwear, fingerprints, firearms, faces, and artificial‐prints). We find that visual comparison skill generalises to toolmark and footwear comparison and identify stable performance across time – providing the first empirical evidence that visual comparison is a generalisable, reliable, and stable cognitive ability