bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cité Industrielle 4.0: Zoning for the Latest Revolution
Authors: Burry Jane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlthough presenting a utopian vision of socialist urbanisation and placemaking, French architect‐urbanist Tony Garnier's proposed Cité Industrielle, conceived in the years around 1900, was responding to imperatives that were vastly different from our present‐day context. Guest‐Editor Jane Burry examines its potential as a beneficial predecessor that may have some important lessons for us in our virtual, synthetic, technologically ubiquitous world. Equally she also sounds a ‘dystopic alert’. There are always two sides to the urban coin.
Another Normal: A Techno‐Social Alternative to Techno‐Feudal Cities
Authors: Oosterhuis Kas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInnovator, writer, educator and practising designer Kas Oosterhuis, who leads the multidisciplinary innovation studio ONL [Oosterhuis_ Lénárd], gives us a potted history of his urban inspirations – from architectural school with its preoccupation with linear urbanism and its speculative architecture precedents, to the great linear city being proposed in Saudi Arabia. The integration of computer technology has been crucial to ONL's substantial output and their quest for ‘real‐time’ architecture and city planning that interacts with its inhabitants and adapts its fabric and form accordingly.
GAN‐Physarum: Shaping the Future of the Urbansphere
Authors: Pasquero Claudia , Poletto Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCo‐founders of the London architectural practice ecoLogicStudio, Claudia Pasquero and Marco Poletto have long been interested in the bio‐digital, the synthesis between biology, computer algorithms and machine learning. In this article they describe and discuss their recent project GAN‐Physarum, in effect a virtual slime mould creating a modern take on Constant Nieuwenhuys's visionary New Babylon project (1956–74) and its dérives, and unleashed on a virtual Paris.
Unlocking High Capacity and Fast Na+ Diffusion of HxCrS2 by Proton‐Exchange Pretreatment
Authors: Stiles Joseph W. , Soltys Anna L. , Song Xiaoyu , Lapidus Saul H. , Arnold Craig B. , Schoop Leslie M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study presents a new material, “HxCrS2” (denotes approximate composition) formed by proton‐exchange of NaCrS2 which has a measured capacity of 728 mAh g−1 with significant improvements to capacity retention, sustaining over 700 mAh g−1 during cycling experiments. This is the highest reported capacity for a transition metal sulfide electrode and outperforms the most promising proposed sodium anodes to date. HxCrS2 exhibits a biphasic structure featuring alternating crystalline and amorphous lamella on the scale of a few nanometers. This unique structural motif enables reversible access to Cr redox in the material resulting in higher capacities than seen in the parent structure which features only S redox. Pretreatment by proton‐exchange offers a route to materials such as HxCrS2 which provide fast diffusion and high capacities for sodium‐ion batteries.
Sustainable Multifunctional Biface Sensor Tag
Authors: Rauter Lukas , Zikulnig Johanna , Moldaschl Thomas , Lenzhofer Martin , Khan Sherjeel , Neumaier Lukas , Lengger Sabine , Beduk Tutku , Malik Muhammad‐Hassan , Jose Manoj , Zangl Hubert , Kosel Juergen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this article, a sustainable, multifunctional, low‐cost, wireless sensor tag is presented. The sensor tag combines three different environmental sensors in one single platform for the dedicated purpose of wireless structural health monitoring of a variety of applications. However, the adaptive design allows the integration of different sensors depending on the specific sensing task. The material consumption is minimized by double‐sided printing, resulting in compact, resource‐efficient sensor solutions. On one side, the tag is equipped with a printed antenna, a fully passive silicon‐based near‐field communication chip and a carbon‐based strain sensor, while the environmental sensors for humidity and temperature are printed on the other side. Due to its low cost, the usage of environmentally friendly materials and the absence of a battery, the biface sensor tag is a milestone in the field of wireless, sustainable electronics for ubiquitous sensing applications. The fabrication itself comprises a series of processes with a focus on efficient additive manufacturing. The characterization of the three sensors shows sensitivity values and characteristics comparable to those found in literature and industrially manufactured sensors. The utilization of a smartphone for reading out the sensor signals further emphasizes the sustainable approach of this sensor system.
Genetically engineered bacterial‐like particles induced specific cellular and humoral immunity as effective tick‐borne encephalitis virus vaccine
Authors: Zhang Mengyao , Jin Hongli , Li Yuanyuan , Jiao Cuicui , Huang Pei , Bai Yujie , Gong Zhiyuan , Zhang Haili , Liu Shunjie , Wang Hualei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) is a natural focal disease with fatal encephalitis induced by tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), seriously threatening human and public health. Protection of TBE depends on vaccination with inactivated vaccine, which requires high cost and multiple immunizations. Here, we construct genetically engineered bacterial‐like particles (BLPs) as an effective TBEV vaccine with simplified immunizations and improved immune efficacy. The TBEV BLPs involve the combination of the gram‐positive enhancer matrix from Lactococcus lactis, and TBEV envelope (E) protein expressed by genetically engineered recombinant baculovirus. The prepared TBEV BLPs can effectively stimulate the activation of dendritic cells to present the TBEV E proteins to T and B cells, leading to strong and durable cellular and humoral immune responses in mice. Surprisingly, the serum levels of specific IgG antibodies in mice remain about 106 at 6 months after the secondary immunization. Overall, the TBEV BLPs can be used as a potent vaccine candidate, laying the foundation for developing novel TBEV genetically engineered vaccines.
Post‐Mechanical Bond Formation Desymmetrization Approach to Obtain Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxanes
Authors: Saura‐Sanmartin Adrian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe preparation of chiral mechanically interlocked molecules has experienced a great development in the last decade, showing a wide range of applications, including catalysis and molecular machinery. New types of chirality have emerged as a consequence of the mechanical bond, such as mechanically planar chirality, which can exist even when both components are achiral. The mechanically planar chirality in such interlocked structures is usually created during the assembly of the rotaxane architecture. Recently, Tian, Zhu and coworkers decoupled the creation of mechanically planar chirality and assembly of the mechanical bond by using a desymmetrizing Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction of a series of mechanically prochiral rotaxanes. This strategy afforded the target chiral interlocked products showing up to 96.5 : 3.5 enantiomeric ratio.
Accelerated Transfer and Spillover of Carbon Monoxide through Tandem Catalysis for Kinetics‐boosted Ethylene Electrosynthesis
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Wang Dashuai , Yang Xiaoxuan , Cui Wenjun , Sang Xiahan , Zhao Zilin , Wang Liguang , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Lei Lecheng , Zheng Jinyang , Dai Liming , Hou Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCu‐based catalysts have been widely applied in electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2ER) to produce multicarbon (C2+) feedstocks (e.g., C2H4). However, the high energy barriers for CO2activation on the Cu surface is a challenge for a high catalytic efficiency and product selectivity. Herein, we developed an in situ *CO generation and spillover strategy by engineering single Ni atoms on a pyridinic N‐enriched carbon support with a sodalite (SOD) topology (Ni‐SOD/NC) that acted as a donor to feed adjacent Cu nanoparticles (NPs) with *CO intermediate. As a result, a high C2H4selectivity of 62.5 % and an industrial‐level current density of 160 mA cm−2at a low potential of −0.72 V were achieved. Our studies revealed that the isolated NiN3active sites with adjacent pyridinic N species facilitated the *CO desorption and the massive *CO intermediate released from Ni‐SOD/NC then overflowed to Cu NPs surface to enrich the *CO coverage for improving the selectivity of CO2ER to C2H4.
Evidence of AlIIRadical Addition to Benzene
Authors: Mandal Debdeep , Demirer T. Ilgin , Sergeieva Tetiana , Morgenstern Bernd , Wiedemann Haakon T. A. , Kay Christopher W. M. , Andrada Diego M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrophilic AlIIIspecies have long dominated the aluminum reactivity towards arenes. Recently, nucleophilic low‐valent AlIaluminyl anions have showcased oxidative additions towards arenes C−C and/or C−H bonds. Herein, we communicate compelling evidence of an AlIIradical addition reaction to the benzene ring. The electron reduction of a ligand stabilized precursor with KC8in benzene furnishes a double addition to the benzene ring instead of a C−H bond activation, producing the corresponding cyclohexa‐1,3(orl,4)‐dienes as Birch‐type reduction product. X‐ray crystallographic analysis, EPR spectroscopy, and DFT results suggest this reactivity proceeds through a stable AlIIradical intermediate, whose stability is a consequence of a rigid scaffold in combination with strong steric protection.
Electron‐Rich Oxycarbenes: New Synthetic and Catalytic Applications beyond Group 6 Fischer Carbene Complexes
Authors: Zhou Gang , Guo Zhuanzhuan , Shen Xiao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOxycarbenes have emerged as useful intermediates in synthetic chemistry. Compared to the widely studied oxycarbene metal complexes bearing Group 6 metals, the synthetic and catalytic applications of oxycarbenes beyond Group 6 Fischer carbene complexes are less explored because of the difficulty in controlling their reactivity and the need to use a stoichiometric amount of a presynthesized Group 6 metal carbene complex as the starting material. This Minireview summarizes early synthetic and catalytic applications of late‐transition‐metal oxycarbene complexes and highlights recent advances in free oxycarbene reactions and transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions involving oxycarbenes. We hope this Minireview will inspire further developments in this emerging area.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Allenes with α,β‐Adjacent Central Chiralities Empowered by Synergistic Pd/Cu Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Ling , Luo Yicong , Xiao Junzhe , Huo Xiaohong , Ma Shengming , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe stereodivergent synthesis of allene compounds bearing α,β‐adjacent central chiralities has been realized via the Pd/Cu‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric alkylation of racemic allenylic esters. The matched reactivity of bimetallic catalytic system enables the challenging reaction of racemic aryl‐substituted allenylic acetates with sterically crowded aldimine esters smoothly under mild reaction conditions. Various chiral non‐natural amino acids bearing a terminal allenyl group are easily synthesized in high yields and with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr, >99 % ee). Importantly, all four stereoisomers of the product can be readily accessed by switching the configurations of the two chiral metal catalysts. Furthermore, the easy interconversion between the uncommon η3‐butadienyl palladium intermediate featuring a weak C=C/Pd coordination bond and a stable Csp2−Pd bond is beneficial for the dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation process (DyKAT).
Clavicle length and shoulder breadth in hominoid evolution
Authors: Laudicina Natalie M. , Cartmill Matt 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor a given body mass, hominoids have longer clavicles than typical monkeys, reflecting the lateral reorientation of the hominoid glenoid. Relative length of the clavicle varies among hominoids, with orangutans having longer clavicles than expected for body mass and gorillas and chimpanzees having shorter clavicles than expected. Modern humans conform to the general hominoid distribution, but Neandertals and Upper Paleolithic Homo sapiens have longer clavicles than expected for their size and exhibit marked positive allometry in clavicle length. Relative to clavicle length, adult and newborn humans have broader shoulders (biacromial breadths) than comparable apes, because the reduced elevation of the human shoulder swings the acromion laterally downward away from the head. Since broadened shoulders yield an increased risk of maternal and neonatal injury and/or death from shoulder dystocia during birth, we might expect hominins to manifest trends toward reduction in shoulder breadth and clavicle length. They do not, presumably because of countering selection pressures favoring a long clavicle in the adults. The marked sexual dimorphism seen in patterns of clavicular growth and static adult allometry in humans suggests that those selection pressures have disproportionately affected the males.
Organic Solar Cells: Physical Principle and Recent Advances
Authors: Sun Lichun , Chen Yichuan , Sun Mengtao , Zheng Youjin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSC) based on organic semiconductor materials that convert solar energy into electric energy have been constantly developing at present, and also an effective way to solve the energy crisis and reduce carbon emissions. In the past several decades, efforts have been made to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. During this period, a variety of structural and material forms of OSCs have evolved. Commercializing OSCs, extending their service life and exploring their future development are promising but challenging. In this review, we first briefly introduce the development of OSCs and then summarize and analyze the working principle, performance parameters, and structural features of OSCs. Finally, we highlight some breakthrough related to OSCs in detail.
5‐Ethynyluridine: A Bio‐orthogonal Uridine Variant for mRNA‐Based Therapies and Vaccines
Authors: Maassen Sjors , Coenen Britt , Dülk Sarah-Luisa , van der Werff Martijn , Warner Harry , Spada Fabio , Frischmuth Thomas , Incarnato Danny , van den Bogaart Geert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe identification of pseudo‐ and N1‐methylpseudo‐uridine (Ψ and mΨ, respectively) as immunosilent uridine analogues has propelled the development of mRNA‐based vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we have characterised another uridine analogue, 5‐ethynyluridine (EU), which has an ethynyl moiety. We show that this uridine analogue does not cause immune activation in human macrophages, as it does not induce interleukin‐6 secretion or expression of the inflammatory and antiviral genes MX1, PKR, and TAP2. Moreover, EU allows for prolonged expression, as shown with mRNA coding for yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Side‐by‐side comparisons of EU with unmodified, Ψ, and mΨ revealed that EU‐modified mRNA is expressed at lower levels, but confers similar stability and low immunogenicity to the other uridine analogues. Furthermore, structure analysis of modified mRNAs suggests that the observed phenotype is largely independent of RNA folding. Thus, EU is a potential candidate for RNA‐based vaccines and therapeutics.
Small‐scale microwave cooking‐based procedure for evaluation of injera‐making quality of sorghum genotypes
Authors: Mezgebe Abadi Gebre , de Kock Henriëtte L. , Taylor John R. N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEvaluation of the injera‐making quality of sorghum and teff genotypes is problematic because of the large quantity of grain required to make injera using the conventional full‐scale method. This study evaluated a small‐scale microwave cooking‐based injera making procedure. Eight lines expressing waxy and high protein digestibility traits and three normal‐type sorghums were used. Freshly prepared and stored injeras were evaluated using instrumental texture analysis.FindingsThe stress and strain data of fresh and stored injeras from the microwave procedure significantly (p < .01) correlated with those from the full‐scale method: Stress: fresh injera (r = 0.725), 2‐days stored (r = 0.741), 4‐days stored (r = 0.852); Strain: fresh injera (r = 1.000), 2‐days stored (r = 1.000), 4‐days stored (r = 0.999).ConclusionsThe small‐scale microwave procedure uses much less grain and correlates with the full‐scale method.Significance and NoveltyThe small‐scale microwave procedure should enable screening of considerably larger numbers of genotypes for injera‐making quality.
An Improved Spectrophotometric Method for Toluene‐4‐Monooxygenase Activity
Authors: Baskaran Barathkumar , Gill Thomas M. , Furst Ariel L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMonooxygenases, an important class of enzymes, have been the subject of enzyme engineering due to their high activity and versatile substrate scope. Reactions performed by these biocatalysts have long been monitored by a colorimetric method involving the coupling of a dye precursor to naphthalene hydroxylation products generated by the enzyme. Despite the popularity of this method, we found the dye product to be unstable, preventing quantitative readout. By incorporating an extraction step to solubilize the dye produced, we have improved this assay to the point where quantitation of enzyme activity is possible. Further, by incorporating spectral deconvolution, we have, for the first time, enabled independent quantification of the two possible regioisomeric products: 1‐naphthol and 2‐naphthol. Previously, such analysis was only possible with chromatographic separation, increasing the cost and complexity of analysis. The efficacy of our improved workflow was evaluated by monitoring the activity of a toluene‐4‐monooxygenase enzyme from Pseudomonas mendocina KR‐1. Our colorimetric regioisomer quantification was found to be consistent with chromatographic analysis by HPLC. The development and validation of a quantitative colorimetric assay for monooxygenase activity that enables regioisomeric distinction and quantification represents a significant advance in analytical methods to monitor enzyme activity. By maintaining facile, low‐cost, high‐throughput readout while incorporating quantification, this assay represents an important alternative to more expensive chromatographic quantification techniques.
Pillar[5]arene Derivatives Embedded with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens and Their Fluorescence Regulation
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Kaiya , Huang Xingyi , Jiao Jianmin , Hu Xiao‐Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThrough McMurry coupling reaction, three meso‐position functionalized pillar[5]arene derivatives (H‐1, H‐2, and H‐3) have been successfully prepared by embedding aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens, diphenyldibenzofulvene (DPDBF) and tetraphenylethylene (TPE)) into the skeleton of supramolecular macrocycles. H‐1, bearing [15]paracyclophane ([15]PCP) and DPDBF moiety, exhibits yellow emission and demonstrates obvious AIE effect. In order to further improve the host‐guest properties of this type of structure, H‐2 and H‐3 are prepared by replacing the [15]PCP moiety with pillar[5]arene backbone, both of which show significant AIE effect and excellent host‐guest complexation properties with pyrazine salt guest G‐1 and 1,4‐dicyanobutane G‐2. Our findings indicate that G‐1 can decrease the fluorescence intensity of the AIE macrocycles, while G‐2 can increase their fluorescence intensity in solution.
Stirring‐Free Scalable Electrosynthesis Enabled by Alternating Current
Authors: Bortnikov Evgeniy O. , Smith Barbara S. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Semenov Sergey N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAlternating current (AC) electrolysis is receiving increased interest as a versatile tool for mild and selective electrochemical transformations. This work demonstrates that AC can enable the concept of a stirring‐free electrochemical reactor where the periodic switch of electrode polarity, inherent to AC, provides uniform electrolysis across the whole volume of the reactor. Such design implies a straightforward approach for scaling up electrosynthesis. This was demonstrated on the range of electrochemical transformations performed in three different RVC‐packed reactors on up to a 50‐mmol scale. Redox‐neutral, oxidative, and reductive processes were successfully implemented using the suggested design and the applicable frequency ranges were further investigated for different types of reactions. The advantages of the AC‐enabled design – such as the absence of stirring and a maximized surface area of the electrodes – provide the possibility for its universal application both for small‐scale screening experimentation and large‐scale preparative electrosynthesis without significant optimization needed in between.
Synthesis of Homo‐Metallic Heavier Analogues of Cyclobutene and the Cyclobutadiene Dianion**
Authors: Zheng Xiongfei , Crumpton Agamemnon E. , Protchenko Andrey V. , Ellwanger Mathias A. , Heilmann Andreas , Aldridge Simon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe reduction of the boryl‐substituted SnII bromide {(HCDippN)2B}Sn(IPrMe)Br with 1.5 equivalents of potassium graphite leads to the generation of the cyclic tetratin tetraboryl system K2[Sn4{B(NDippCH)2}4], a homo‐metallic heavier analogue of the cyclobutadiene dianion. This system is non‐aromatic as determined by Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift Calculations (NICS(0)=−0.28, NICS(1)=−3.17), with the primary contributing resonance structures shown by Natural Resonance Theory (NRT) to involve a Sn=Sn double bond and 1,2‐localized negative charges. Abstraction of the K+ cations or oxidation leads to contraction or cleavage of the Sn4 unit, respectively, while protonation generates the neutral dihydride 1,2‐Sn4{B(NDippCH)2}4H2 (a heavier homologue of cyclobutene) in a manner consistent with the predicted charge distribution in the [Sn4{B(NDippCH)2}4]2− dianion.
Ferromagnetic Exchange Coupling in Ni(II) Complexes with a Coordinated Boron‐Oxamido Radical: A Result of Spin State Transition
Authors: Tang Shuxuan , Ruan Huapeng , Dong Xue , Zhao Yue , Wang Xinping 
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive SummaryA Ni(II) coordination complex 1 with a novel boron‐oxamido radical ligand was synthesized and isolated. Reactions of 1 with N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐pyridinamine (DMAP) and 4,4’‐bpy resulted in 2 and 3, respectively, accompanied by the spin state transition from S = 1/2 to S = 3/2. Both 2 and 3 were isolated as stable crystals and characterized to feature an S = 3/2 spin state, with the S = 1 Ni(II) atoms ferromagnetically coupled with the ligand‐centred radicals, by SQUID measurement and EPR spectroscopy. Complex 3 represents the first example of one‐dimensional magnetic chain constructed by S = 3/2 Ni(II)‐radical units.