bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae during a mass vaccination campaign of displaced communities in Bangladesh
Authors: Taylor-Brown Alyce , Afrad Mokibul Hassan , Khan Ashraful Islam , Lassalle Florent , Islam Md. Taufiqul , Tanvir Nabid Anjum , Thomson Nicholas R. , Qadri Firdausi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOngoing diarrheal disease surveillance throughout Bangladesh over the last decade has revealed seasonal localised cholera outbreaks in Cox’s Bazar, where both Bangladeshi Nationals and Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMNs) reside in densely populated settlements. FDMNs were recently targeted for the largest cholera vaccination campaign in decades. We aimed to infer the epidemic risk of circulating Vibrio cholerae strains by determining if isolates linked to the ongoing global cholera pandemic (“7PET” lineage) were responsible for outbreaks in Cox’s Bazar. We found two sublineages of 7PET in this setting during the study period; one with global distribution, and a second lineage restricted to Asia and the Middle East. These subclades were associated with different disease patterns that could be partially explained by genomic differences. Here we show that as the pandemic V. cholerae lineage circulates in this vulnerable population, without a vaccine intervention, the risk of an epidemic was very high.
Schizophrenia-associated NRXN1 deletions induce developmental-timing- and cell-type-specific vulnerabilities in human brain organoids
Authors: Sebastian Rebecca , Jin Kang , Pavon Narciso , Bansal Ruby , Potter Andrew , Song Yoonjae , Babu Juliana , Gabriel Rafael , Sun Yubing , Aronow Bruce , Pak ChangHui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDe novo mutations and copy number deletions in NRXN1 (2p16.3) pose a significant risk for schizophrenia (SCZ). It is unclear how NRXN1 deletions impact cortical development in a cell type-specific manner and disease background modulates these phenotypes. Here, we leveraged human pluripotent stem cell-derived forebrain organoid models carrying NRXN1 heterozygous deletions in isogenic and SCZ patient genetic backgrounds and conducted single-cell transcriptomic analysis over the course of brain organoid development from 3 weeks to 3.5 months. Intriguingly, while both deletions similarly impacted molecular pathways associated with ubiquitin-proteasome system, alternative splicing, and synaptic signaling in maturing glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, SCZ-NRXN1 deletions specifically perturbed developmental trajectories of early neural progenitors and accumulated disease-specific transcriptomic signatures. Using calcium imaging, we found that both deletions led to long-lasting changes in spontaneous and synchronous neuronal networks, implicating synaptic dysfunction. Our study reveals developmental-timing- and cell-type-dependent actions of NRXN1 deletions in unique genetic contexts.
Insights from molecular dynamics and DFT calculations into the interaction of 1,4-benzodiazepines with 2-hydroxypropyl-βCD in a theoretical study
Authors: Ganjali Koli Mokhtar , Eshaghi Malekshah Rahime , Hajiabadi Hossein 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study delves into the interaction between benzodiazepine (BZD) drugs and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD), a cyclodextrin (CD) known to improve drug delivery and enhance therapeutic outcomes. We find that the 2HPβCD’s atoms become more rigid in the presence of chlordiazepoxide (CDP), clonazepam (CLZ), and diazepam (DZM), whereas they become more flexible in the presence of nordazepam (NDM) and nitrazepam (NZP). We also investigated the structure of 2HPβCD and found that loading these drugs increases both the area and volume of the 2HPβCD cavity, making it more suitable for drug delivery. Moreover, this research found that all drugs exhibited negative values for the binding free energy, indicating thermodynamic favorability and improved solubility. The binding free energy order of the BZDs was consistent in both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods, with CDP and DZM having the highest affinity for binding. We also analyzed the contribution of different interaction energies in binding between the carrier and the drugs and found that Van der Waals energy is the primary component. Our results indicate that the number of hydrogen bonds between 2HPβCD/water slightly decreases in the presence of BZDs, but the hydrogen bond’s quality remains constant.
Effects of 90- and 30-min naps or a 120-min nap on alertness and performance: reanalysis of an existing pilot study
Authors: Oriyama Sanae 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate alertness and cognitive performance immediately after and until the end of the night shift after taking a 120-min monophasic nap (One-nap) or a split 90-min and 30-min nap (Two-nap) during a 16-h simulated night shift, and the relationship between sleep quality and both alertness and performance. This study was performed in 41 females. Among them, 15 participants were included in the No-nap group, 14 in the One-nap group (22:00–00:00), and 12 in the Two-nap group (22:30–00:00 and 02:30–03:00). Participants were tested every hour from 16:00 to 09:00 for performance on the Uchida-Kraepelin test, as well as for subjective feelings of fatigue and drowsiness, body temperature, and heart rate variability. The shorter the sleep latency, the worse the alertness immediately after the 90-min nap. The 120-min and 30-min naps also revealed that prolonged total sleep time led to increased fatigue and drowsiness upon awakening. From 04:00 to 09:00, in the No-nap and One-nap groups, fatigue was higher than in the Two-nap group. The One-nap and Two-nap groups did not show improved morning performance. These results suggest that a split nap might improve drowsiness and fatigue during a long night shift.
Trend judgment as a perceptual building block of graphicacy and mathematics, across age, education, and culture
Authors: Ciccione Lorenzo , Sablé-Meyer Mathias , Boissin Esther , Josserand Mathilde , Potier-Watkins Cassandra , Caparos Serge , Dehaene Stanislas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractData plots are widely used in science, journalism and politics, since they efficiently allow to depict a large amount of information. Graphicacy, the ability to understand graphs, has thus become a fundamental cultural skill comparable to literacy or numeracy. Here, we introduce a measure of intuitive graphicacy that assesses the perceptual ability to detect a trend in noisy scatterplots (“does this graph go up or down?”). In 3943 educated participants, responses vary as a sigmoid function of the t-value that a statistician would compute to detect a significant trend. We find a minimum level of core intuitive graphicacy even in unschooled participants living in remote Namibian villages (N = 87) and 6-year-old 1st-graders who never read a graph (N = 27). The sigmoid slope that we propose as a proxy of intuitive graphicacy increases with education and tightly correlates with statistical and mathematical knowledge, showing that experience contributes to refining graphical intuitions. Our tool, publicly available online, allows to quickly evaluate and formally quantify a perceptual building block of graphicacy.
Nanosilica modulates C:N:P stoichiometry attenuating phosphorus toxicity more than deficiency in Megathyrsus maximus cultivated in an Oxisol and Entisol
Authors: de Faria Melo Cíntia Cármen , Silva Amaral Danilo , de Mello Prado Renato , de Moura Zanine Anderson , de Jesus Ferreira Daniele , de Cássia Piccolo Marisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSilicon (Si) nanoparticles can attenuate nutritional disorders caused by phosphorus in forages through nutritional homeostasis. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of P deficiency and toxicity in Megathyrsus maximus cultivated in two types of soils and to verify whether Si application via fertigation can mitigate these imbalances. The following two experiments were carried out: cultivation of forage plants in pots with Entisol and Oxisol, in a 3 × 2 factorial design, with three nutritional levels of phosphorus (deficient, adequate, and excessive) and two Si concentrations in the irrigation water (0 and 1.5 mmol L−1). Height, number of tillers, rate of leaf senescence, dry matter production, C:N, C:Si, C:P, and N:P ratios; and C, P, and N use efficiencies were evaluated in two growth cycles. P imbalances hampered carbon assimilation, C:N:P homeostasis, and dry matter production. Nanosilica fertigation promoted silicon uptake, improving C:N:P homeostasis and nutritional efficiency in plants under P deficiency and toxicity. Leaf senescence was reduced with addition of Si in plants grown in Oxisol in the three nutritional states of P. Silicon attenuated the stress caused by P toxicity in Entisol and Oxisol, improving production in plants without nutritional stress in Oxisol. The supply of Si nanoparticles in the cultivation of M. maximus can contribute to a more efficient and sustainable use of phosphorus in pastures.
Landscape-scale mapping of soil fungal distribution: proposing a new NGS-based approach
Authors: Janowski Daniel , Leski Tomasz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSoil fungi play an indispensable role in the functioning of terrestrial habitats. Most landscape-scale studies of soil fungal diversity try to identify the fungal taxa present at a study site and define the relationships between their abundance and environmental factors. The specific spatial distribution of these fungi over the site, however, is not addressed. Our study’s main objective is to propose a novel approach to landscape-scale mapping of soil fungi distribution using next generation sequencing and geographic information system applications. Furthermore, to test the proposed approach and discuss its performance, we aimed to conduct a case study mapping the spatial distribution of soil fungi on the Wielka Żuława island. The case study was performed on the Wielka Żuława island in northern Poland, where soil samples were collected every 100 m in an even grid. The fungal taxa and their relative abundance in each sample were assessed using the Illumina platform. Using the data obtained for the sampled points, maps of soil fungi spatial distribution were generated using three common interpolators: inverted distance weighted (IDW), B-spline, and ordinary Kriging. The proposed approach succeeded in creating maps of fungal distribution on Wielka Żuława. The most abundant groups of soil fungi were Penicillium on the genus level, Aspergillaceae on the family level, and ectomycorrhizal fungi on the trophic group level. Ordinary Kriging proved to be the most accurate at predicting relative abundance values for the groups of fungi significantly spatially autocorrelated at the sampled scale. For the groups of fungi not displaying spatial autocorrelation at the sampled scale, IDW provided the most accurate predictions of their relative abundance. Although less accurate at predicting exact relative abundance values, B-spline performed best in delineating the spatial patterns of soil fungi distribution. The proposed approach to landscape-scale mapping of soil fungi distribution could provide new insights into the ecology of soil fungi and terrestrial ecosystems in general. Producing maps of predicted fungal distribution in landscape-scale soil fungi diversity studies would also facilitate the reusability and replicability of the results. Outside the area of research, mapping the distribution of soil fungi could prove helpful in areas such as agriculture and forestry, nature conservation, and urban planning.
Enzyme-substrate hybrid β-sheet controls geometry and water access to the γ-secretase active site
Authors: Chen Shu-Yu , Feilen Lukas P. , Chávez-Gutiérrez Lucía , Steiner Harald , Zacharias Martin 
Published: June 2023

Abstractγ-Secretase is an aspartyl intramembrane protease that cleaves the amyloid precursor protein (APP) involved in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and other transmembrane proteins. Substrate-bound structures reveal a stable hybrid β-sheet immediately following the substrate scissile bond consisting of β1 and β2 from the enzyme and β3 from the substrate. Molecular dynamics simulations and enhanced sampling simulations demonstrate that the hybrid β-sheet stability is strongly correlated with the formation of a stable cleavage-compatible active geometry and it also controls water access to the active site. The hybrid β-sheet is only stable for substrates with 3 or more C-terminal residues beyond the scissile bond. The simulation model allowed us to predict the effect of Pro and Phe mutations that weaken the formation of the hybrid β-sheet which were confirmed by experimental testing. Our study provides a direct explanation why γ-secretase preferentially cleaves APP in steps of 3 residues and how the hybrid β-sheet facilitates γ-secretase proteolysis.
Expansion of Armatimonadota through marine sediment sequencing describes two classes with unique ecological roles
Authors: Carlton John D , Langwig Marguerite V , Gong Xianzhe , Aguilar-Pine Emily J , Vázquez-Rosas-Landa Mirna , Seitz Kiley W , Baker Brett J , De Anda Valerie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Marine sediments comprise one of the largest environments on the planet, and their microbial inhabitants are significant players in global carbon and nutrient cycles. Recent studies using metagenomic techniques have shown the complexity of these communities and identified novel microorganisms from the ocean floor. Here, we obtained 77 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the bacterial phylum Armatimonadota in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and the Bohai Sea, China. These MAGs comprise two previously undescribed classes within Armatimonadota, which we propose naming Hebobacteria and Zipacnadia. They are globally distributed in hypoxic and anoxic environments and are dominant members of deep-sea sediments (up to 1.95% of metagenomic raw reads). The classes described here also have unique metabolic capabilities, possessing pathways to reduce carbon dioxide to acetate via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) and generating energy through the oxidative branch of glycolysis using carbon dioxide as an electron sink, maintaining the redox balance using the WLP. Hebobacteria may also be autotrophic, not previously identified in Armatimonadota. Furthermore, these Armatimonadota may play a role in sulfur and nitrogen cycling, using the intermediate compounds hydroxylamine and sulfite. Description of these MAGs enhances our understanding of diversity and metabolic potential within anoxic habitats worldwide.
Review on the key technologies of power grid cyber‐physical systems simulation
Authors: Lin Gang , Rehtanz Christian , Wang Shaoyang , Liu Jiayan , Zhang Zhenyu , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA Cyber‐Physical System (CPS) is a spatiotemporal multi‐dimensional and heterogeneous hybrid autonomous system composed of deep integration of information resources and physical systems. With the development of digitisation and digitalisation, a large number of data acquisition equipment, computing equipment, and electrical equipment are interconnected between the power grid and the information communication network. The power grid has thus been restructured as a mature and highly complex CPS. In order to promote the development of power grid CPS technologies and provide a reference for relevant researchers in the field, the origin and concept of CPS and features in power grid CPS are introduced firstly. Then the key technologies of power grid CPS simulation are discussed and further analysed from three perspectives, including modelling theory, simulation methods, and system‐level simulation. On this basis, the application of CPS simulation technology in future power grids has been prospected.
Data security in smart devices: Advancement, constraints and future recommendations
Authors: Wenhua Zhang , Kamrul Hasan Mohammad , Ismail Ahmad Fadzil , Yanke Zhang , Razzaque Md Abdur , Islam Shayla , Anil kumar Budati 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNetwork security protocols are implemented to address network security challenges. Computer networks and applications have advanced and developed significantly in recent years, but consumers ‘excitement for network technology and high‐tech devices has been dampened by continual exposure to data security vulnerabilities. As of now, some individuals refuse to use smart devices due to concerns about the authenticity, confidentiality and integrity of data security leaks. This not only prompts Internet service providers to follow market protection mechanisms but also requires software developers to apply appropriate security protocols to protect computer network security. These applications’ dependability and integrity are dependent not just on the effectiveness of cryptographic algorithms, but also on key management protocols. Understanding network security protocols and implementing high‐quality standards to govern the transmission of data in the network are critical components of guaranteeing network security. The article explores data security, primarily at the application layer, various attack methods for different network security protocols and highlights the potential security implications. The study also looks at the corresponding, practical security measures and future research prospects for certain kinds of attacks. Finally, some technical challenges that remain unsolved at the time of writing are summarised, and future trends in cybersecurity are discussed.
Influence analysis of working state control angle on electric spring with switchable smart load
Authors: Duan Yubin , Wei Yi , Wang Xiaohu , Chen Xinyuan , Zhao Chaohui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTraditional electric springs can only stabilize the voltage of critical loads (CL), while sacrificing the operational stability of non‐critical loads (NCL), the status of these two loads is obviously unequal, exposure to fluctuating voltages for extended periods of time can be hazardous to NCL. To solve this problem, a control method based on electric spring (ES) with switchable smart load (SSL) that does not distinguish between CL and NCL is proposed. This paper briefly introduces first the definition, principle and control strategy of the ES with SSL. Then, the relationship between the working state control angle in this control strategy and the working state of ES is analysed in detail. A method to obtain reasonable value ranges of working state control angle by setting boundary conditions is studied. Finally, an experimental platform is built based on DSP TMS320F28069 for experiments, experimental results show that ES can stabilize the voltage of different loads in different time by adopting this control strategy, the working state of ES can be adjusted and the four‐quadrant operation of electric spring can be realized by changing the working state control angle.
Influence of participatory monitoring and evaluation on decision-making in maternal and newborn health programs in Mombasa County, Kenya
Authors: Oginga Pauline Adhiambo , Odongo Alfred Owino , Nguku Julius Njathi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study assessed the utilization of participatory monitoring and evaluation approaches (PM&E) and their influence on decision-making in maternal and newborn health programs (MNH) in Mombasa County, Kenya. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 390 participants and used a structured questionnaire, modified Quality of Decision-Making Orientation Scheme, and an interview guide to collect data. We analyzed quantitative responses using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression (at significance level of 0.05) and qualitative responses using content analysis. The study established that quality decision-making was more likely to occur in MNH programs in Mombasa County that used PM&E approaches at the initiation (OR 1.728, p < 0.05), design and planning (OR 2.977, p < 0.05), and implementation (OR 5.665, p < 0.05) phases of MNH programs than in those that did not use the PM&E approaches. This study shapes a persuasive case for improving the provision of maternal and newborn health services.
Experimental study on self-heating phenomena of CMDB/HTPB propellant under intermediate strain rate compression load
Authors: Wang Ran , Wang Ningfei , Zhang Yiming , Bai Long , Wu Yi , Dang Jinfeng , Tian Xiaotao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Self-heating behaviour of solid propellants under intermediate strain rate compressive loading have been studied. Effects of two intermediate strain rate (1 s-1 and 150 s-1) of the CMDB/HTPB propellants were investigated. The compression test was conducted using a hydraulic testing machine and the self-heating temperatures were measured by an infrared camera. The results show the following: (1) For CMDB propellant, the surface temperature of specimens rapidly increased at the initial period, then decreased due to the movement of the high temperature region caused by deformation, and then increased again. Finally, the surface temperature slowly decreased due to heat transfer to the surroundings. Infrared thermography showed the formation of a hot spot. Cracks were initiated and gradually expanded to the interior area during compression. (2) For HTPB propellant, the surface temperature of specimens increased slightly. Compared with CMDB specimens, there was no significant damage to HTPB specimens. (3) For both CMDB and HTPB propellants, the temperature distribution of specimens was non-homogeneous. At the centre of the specimen surface, the temperature is the highest. The self-heating temperatures of propellant increased with increasing the strain rate. However, the difference is slight for HTPB propellant, whereas it is considerable for CMDB propellant.
Study on the forming quality of double-base gun propellants based on extrusion 3D printing technology
Authors: Wang M R , Jin G R , Zhou Y R , Chen L , Zhang J W , Lin X Y , Nan F Q , He W D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to improve the forming quality of 3D printed gun propellants, rosette-shaped 19-perf double-base gun propellants with different geometric dimensions (inner diameter and web thickness) were printed by extrusion 3D printing technology based on conventional double-base propellant formulations. The printed gun propellants were characterized in terms of surface structure, inner diameter and web thickness dimensional uniformity, and density. The effects of geometrical dimensions (inner diameter and web thickness) and printing process parameters (line width and flow compensation) on the forming quality of gun propellant were studied. The results showed that printed rosette-shaped 19-perf double-base gun propellants have a good surface structure with a clear outer profile and inner diameter from 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm. When the printing process parameters were the same, the larger the geometry, the higher the dimensional uniformity of the printed gun propellant. When the printing model was the same, the decrease in printing line width and the increase of printing flow compensation in the printing process parameters had the same effect on the dimensional uniformity of the printed gun propellant. The rosette-shaped 19-perf gun propellant with a model inner diameter and web thickness of 1.5 mm had the best dimensional uniformity at the printed line width and flux compensation of 0.45 mm and 1.0, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.699%, 1.986%, and 2.458% for inner diameter, inner and outer web thickness, respectively. The density of the printed propellant ranged from 1.565 to 1.606 g·cm−3. This study has a guiding significance for the application of extrusion 3D printing technology in the field of gun propellant.