bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Manager-Led Pneumonia Care Bundle in a Subacute Rehabilitation Facility
Authors: Granata Deborah , Kendra Moira , Chiu Stephanie H. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of the Study:
To evaluate the relationship between a case manager-led pneumonia care bundle at skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and 30-day hospital readmissions for pneumonia.

Primary Practice Settings:
The primary practice settings included patients hospitalized with pneumonia at 2 community hospitals between October 2018 and June 2019 and who were subsequently transferred to an SNF.

Methodology and Sample:
A retrospective cohort study was completed comparing patients in the preintervention cohort who received pneumonia standard of care versus patients in the postintervention cohort who received a case manager-led evidence-based pneumonia care bundle at an SNF. From October 2018 to June 2019, patients admitted with pneumonia to 2 community hospitals in Northwest New Jersey were enrolled in the preintervention cohort. Patients admitted with pneumonia from January 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled in the postintervention group. The primary outcome was to reduce 30-day readmission rates for all patients discharged from the hospital to an SNF with pneumonia.

Results:
Ninety-nine patients were enrolled in the preintervention cohort and 34 patients were enrolled in the postinterventions cohort. Thirty-day readmission rates were lower in the postintervention cohort (24.2% vs. 17.7%). This reduction in readmission rates was clinically significant, demonstrating a 27% reduction for all patients discharged from the hospital to an SNF with pneumonia.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Individualized pneumonia self-management education can be easily implemented in SNFs to improve quality-of-care outcomes for patients. Our health care system collaborates with several SNFs to decrease 30-day hospital readmission. The pneumonia care bundle includes specific measures to improve the transition of care for patients with pneumonia by decreasing the variability of patient care after discharge from the hospital to an SNF. It was hypothesized that to decrease readmissions from the SNFs, we needed to address the quality of care provided by the SNFs by using a 2-prong approach; education of SNF staff on the pneumonia care bundle, and in-person weekly follow-up visits in the SNF until discharge from the SNF to the patient's home.
Comparison of five different risk scores to predict incident type 2 diabetes in the Swiss HIV cohort study
Authors: Blondet Fanny , Kraege Vanessa , Cavassini Matthias , Damas Fernandez José , Vollenweider Peter , Wandeler Gilles , Hoffman Matthias , Calmy Alexandra , Stoeckle Marcel , Bernasconi Enos , Hasse Barbara , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Méan Marie 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
People with HIV (PWH) have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) than HIV-negative individuals. In the general population, diabetes risk scores are used to identify persons at risk of developing T2D, but little is known regarding their performance in PWH.

Design:
Assessment of the capacity of five diabetes risk scores to predict T2D in PWH.

Methods:
A prospective study including all Swiss HIV cohort study (SHCS) participants followed between 2009 and 2019. Five diabetes risk scores were assessed: FINDRISC versions 1 and 2, Balkau, Swiss Diabetes Association (SDA), and Kraege.

Results:
Three thousand eight hundred fifty-three T2D-free PWH (78.5% men, 39.9 ± 11.3 years) were included. After a median follow-up of 4.8 years (interquartile range 2.2–7.8), 62 participants (1.6%) developed T2D, corresponding to an incidence rate of 3.18 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval = 2.47–4.08). Participants who developed T2D were older (48.7 ± 12.4 vs. 39.8 ± 11.2 years), more likely to be obese (22.6% vs. 7.4%), abdominally obese (9.7% vs. 1.5%), and to have a family history of diabetes (32.3% vs. 19.1%) than those without T2D. The AUC for incident T2D ranged between 0.72 (Kraege 16) and 0.81 (SDA, FINDRISC2 and Balkau). Sensitivity ranged between 3.2% (Balkau) and 67.7% (FINDRISC1) and specificity between 80.9% (FINDRISC1) and 98.3% (Balkau). Positive predictive values of all scores were below 20%, while negative predictive values were above 98%.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that the performance of conventional diabetes risk scores in PWH is promising, especially for Balkau and FINDRISC2, which showed good discriminatory power. These scores may help identify patients at a low risk of T2D in whom careful assessment of modifiable T2D risk factors can be spared.
Coronary artery calcium mass measurement based on integrated intensity and volume fraction techniques
Authors: Black Dale , Xiao Xingshuo , Molloi Sabee 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeAgatston scoring does not detect all the calcium present in computed tomography scans of the heart. A technique that removes the need for thresholding and quantifies calcium mass more accurately and reproducibly is needed.ApproachIntegrated intensity and volume fraction techniques were evaluated for accurate quantification of calcium mass. Integrated intensity calcium mass, volume fraction calcium mass, Agatston scoring and spatially weighted calcium scoring were compared to known calcium mass in simulated and physical phantoms. The simulation was created to match a 320-slice CT scanner. Fat rings were added to the simulated phantoms, which resulted in small (30×20 cm2), medium (35×25 cm2), and large (40×30 cm2) phantoms. Three calcification inserts of different diameters and hydroxyapatite densities were placed within the phantoms. All the calcium mass measurements were repeated across different beam energies, patient sizes, insert sizes, and densities. Physical phantom images from a previously reported study were then used to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of the techniques.ResultsBoth integrated intensity calcium mass and volume fraction calcium mass yielded lower root mean squared error (RMSE) and deviation (RMSD) values than Agatston scoring in all the measurements in the simulated phantoms. Specifically, integrated calcium mass (RMSE: 0.50 mg, RMSD: 0.49 mg) and volume fraction calcium mass (RMSE: 0.59 mg, RMSD: 0.58 mg) were more accurate for the low-density calcium measurements than Agatston scoring (RMSE: 3.5 mg, RMSD: 2.2 mg). Similarly, integrated calcium mass (9.72%) and volume fraction calcium mass (10.19%) had fewer false-negative (CAC=0) measurements than Agatston scoring (38.89%).ConclusionThe integrated calcium mass and volume fraction calcium mass techniques can potentially improve risk stratification for patients undergoing calcium scoring and further improve risk assessment compared to Agatston scoring.
Neck pain service utilization and costs: association with number of visits of chiropractic manipulation, active care, manual therapy, or acupuncture. A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Elton David , Zhang Meng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeck pain (NP) clinical practice guidelines (CPG) generally emphasize natural history, self-care, and non-pharmaceutical therapies. For non-pharmaceutical therapies provided for NP, like chiropractic manipulative treatment (CMT), active care (AC), manual therapy (MT), or acupuncture, little is known about the dose/response relationship with use of other services and total cost. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study of individuals with NP was to examine the dose response association between the number of visits of CMT, AC, MT, or acupuncture, the exposure to pharmaceutical, imaging, and interventional services, and total episode cost.MethodsEpisode of care was used to analyze a national sample of individuals 18 years and older with a single episode of non-surgical NP occurring in 2017-2019 and initially contacting a chiropractor (DC), physical therapist (PT), or licensed acupuncturist (LAc). The number of visits of CMT, AC, MT, or acupuncture were the primary independent variables. Rate and timing of use of 13 types of health care services and total episode cost were the primary dependent measures.ResultsA total of 91,805 continuously insured individuals initially contacted a DC, PT, or LAc for a single episode of non-surgical NP. These individuals initially contacted 19,387 different DCs, 1,828 PTs and 1,153 LAcs. There were $39,150,944 in total expenditures. The most common number of visits was 1 to 3 for CMT (47.8% of episodes), AC (31.8%), and MT (35.0%), and 4 to 6 for acupuncture (27.5%). Different levels of utilization intensity of CMT, AC, MT, and acupuncture were generally not associated with statistically or clinically meaningful differences in exposure to pharmaceutical, imaging, or interventional services. Total episode cost increased with higher numbers of visits of CMT, AC, MT, and acupuncture with CMT associated with the lowest median total episode code at each level of visit utilization.ConclusionsFor individuals with non-surgical NP initially contacting a DC, PT or LAc, 1 to 3 visits of CMT, AC, or MT, and 4 to 6 visits of acupuncture were the most common levels of utilization. A higher number of visits of CMT, AC, MT or acupuncture was associated with significantly higher total cost, without clinically or statistically meaningful differences in exposure to pharmaceutical, imaging, or interventional services. CMT was associated with the lowest total episode cost at each level of utilization. Higher visit counts of CMT, AC, MT, or acupuncture may have been associated with unmeasured clinical benefits and warrants further study.
How effective were Australian Quarantine Stations in mitigating transmission aboard ships during the influenza pandemic of 1918-19?
Authors: Alahakoon Punya , Taylor Peter G. , McCaw James M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe influenza pandemic of 1918-19 was the most devastating pandemic of the 20th century. It killed an estimated 50–100 million people worldwide. In late 1918, when the severity of the disease was apparent, the Australian Quarantine Service was established. Vessels returning from overseas and inter-state were intercepted, and people were examined for signs of illness and quarantined. Some of these vessels carried the infection throughout their voyage and cases were prevalent by the time the ship arrived at a Quarantine Station. We study four outbreaks that took place on board theMedic, Boonah, Devon, andManukain late 1918. These ships had returned from overseas and some of them were carrying troops that served in the First World War. By analysing these outbreaks under a stochastic Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, we estimate the transmission rates among crew and passengers aboard these ships. Furthermore, we ask whether the removal of infectious, convalescent, and healthy individuals after arriving at a Quarantine Station in Australia was an effective public health response.Author SummaryThe influenza pandemic of 1918-19 was one of the deadliest pandemics in history. In Australia, when it was apparent that the virus was severe, a quarantine service was established to intercept and quarantine ships that returned from overseas and travelled interstate. In this study, we look at the records of outbreaks on board theMedic, Boonah, Devon, andManuka. Some of the ships carried surviving troops from the First World War, and infections were prevalent when they arrived at a quarantine station. Infectious, convalescent, and healthy individuals on board were moved to the quarantine station for treatment or isolation. We model the outbreaks on the four ships using stochastic epidemic models and estimate the model parameters within a hierarchical framework. Furthermore, we investigate whether the removal of individuals with various disease states was an effective intervention measure from a public health perspective.
Redistribution and activation of CD16brightCD56dimNK cell subset to fight against Omicron subvariant BA.2 after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Liu Yang , Peng Huiyun , Xiang Tianxin , Xu Fei , Jiang Yuhuan , Zhong Lipeng , Peng Yanqi , Le Aiping , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTWith the alarming surge in COVID-19 cases globally, vaccination must be prioritised to achieve herd immunity. Immune dysfunction is detected in the majority of patients with COVID-19; however, it remains unclear whether the immune responses elicited by COVID-19 vaccination function against the Omicron subvariant BA.2. Of the 508 Omicron BA.2-infected patients enrolled, 102 were unvaccinated controls and 406 were vaccinated. Despite the presence of clinical symptoms in both groups, vaccination led to a significant decline in nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, pulmonary infection, overall clinical symptoms, and a moderate rise in body temperature. Omicron BA.2-infected individuals were also characterised by a mild increase in both serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels after vaccination. There were no significant differences or trend changes between T and B lymphocyte subsets; however, a significant expansion of NK lymphocytes in COVID-19-vaccinated patients was observed. Moreover, the most effective CD16brightCD56dimsubsets of NK cells showed increased functional capacities, as evidenced by a significantly greater IFN-γ secretion and stronger cytotoxic potential in Omicron BA.2-infected patients after vaccination. Collectively, these results suggest that COVID-19 vaccination interventions promote the redistribution and activation of CD16brightCD56dimNK cell subsets against viral infections, and could facilitate the clinical management of Omicron BA.2-infected patients.
Online randomised trials with children: A scoping review
Authors: Lepage Simone , Conway Aislinn , Goodson Noah , Wicks Paul , Flight Laura , Devane Declan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric trials must contend with many challenges that adult trials face but often bring additional obstacles. Decentralised trials, where some or all trial methods occur away from a centralised location, are a promising strategy to help meet these challenges. This scoping review aims to (a) identify what methods and tools have been used to create and conduct entirely online-decentralised trials with children and (b) determine the gaps in the knowledge in this field. This review will describe the methods used in these trials to identify their facilitators and the gaps in the knowledge.MethodsThe methods were informed by guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. We systematically searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Embase databases, trial registries, pre-print servers, and the internet. We included randomised and quasi-randomised trials conducted entirely online with participants under 18 published in English. A risk of bias assessment was completed for all included studies.ResultsTwenty-one trials met our inclusion criteria. The average age of participants was 14.6 years. Social media was the most common method of online recruitment. Most trials employed an external host website to store and protect their data. Duration of trials ranged from single-session interventions up to ten weeks. Fourteen trials compensated participants. Eight trials involved children in their trial design process; none reported compensation for this. Most trials had a low risk of bias in “random sequence generation”, “selective reporting”, and “other”. Most trials had a high risk of bias in “blinding participants and personnel”, “blinding of outcome assessment”, and “incomplete outcome data”. “Allocation concealment” was unclear in most studies.ConclusionsThere was a lack of transparent reporting of the recruitment, randomisation, and retention methods used in many of the trials included in this review. Patient and public involvement (PPI) was not common, and the compensation of PPI partners was not reported in any study. Consent methods and protection against fraudulent entries to trials were creative and thoroughly discussed by some trials and not addressed by others. More work and thorough reporting of how these trials are conducted is needed to increase their reproducibility and quality.Ethics and DisseminationEthical approval was not necessary since all data sources used are publicly available.
Accuracy of Smartphone-based Vital Monitoring Using Remote Photoplethysmography Technology Enabled WellFie application
Authors: Rajan Sujata , Sivapuram Madhava Sai , Kumar Shiv Shankar , Podder Vivek 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRemote health monitoring technologies gained interest in the context of COVID-19 pandemic with potential for contactless monitoring of clinical patient status. Here, we examined whether vital parameters can be determined in a contactless manner using a novel smartphone-based technology called remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) and compared with comparable certified medical devices.MethodsWe enrolled a total of 150 normotensive adults in this comparative cross-sectional validation study. We used an advanced machine learning algorithm in the WellFie application to create computational models that predict reference systolic, diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR) from facial blood flow data. This study compared the predictive accuracy of smartphone-based, rPPG-enabled WellFie application with comparable certified medical devices.ResultsWhen compared with reference standards, on average our models predicted systolic blood pressure (BP) with an accuracy of 93.94%, diastolic BP with an accuracy of 92.95%, HR with an accuracy of 97.34%, RR with accuracy of 84.44%. For the WellFie application, the relative mean absolute percentage error (RMAPE) for HR was 2.66%, for RR was 15.66%, for systolic BP was 6.06%, and for diastolic BP was 7.05%.ConclusionOur results on normotensive adults demonstrates that rPPG technology-enabled Wellfie application can determine BP, HR, RR in normotensive participants with an accuracy that is comparable to clinical standards. WellFie smartphone application based on rPPG technology offers a convenient contactless video-based remote solution that could be used in any modern smartphone.
Health-related hope and reduced distress associated with fluid and dietary restrictions in advanced chronic kidney disease and dialysis: a cohort study
Authors: Kurita Noriaki , Wakita Takafumi , Fujimoto Shino , Yanagi Mai , Koitabashi Kenichiro , Yazawa Masahiko , Suzuki Tomo , Kawarazaki Hiroo , Ishibashi Yoshitaka , Shibagaki Yugo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRationale & ObjectiveIn chronic kidney disease (CKD), the durability of patient adherence to fluid and dietary restrictions may depend on the degree to which they have hope that they will enjoy life. However, few studies have examined the long-term role of health-related hope (HR-Hope) on distress from fluid and dietary restrictions.Study Design Prospective cohort study.Setting & ParticipantsA total of 444 non-dialysis stage 3-5 patients and stage 5D patients attending one of five Japanese nephrology centers.ExposureAn 18-item HR-Hope scale with a score ranging from 0 to 100.OutcomesTwo-item measures of restrictions on fluid and dietary intake from the Japanese version of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form, Version 1.3, with each score ranging from 0 to 100.Analytical ApproachMultivariate linear mixed models were used to estimate the association of baseline HR-Hope with distress from fluid and dietary restrictions at baseline and follow-up.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 67 years, 31.1% were female, and 124, 98, and 222 had non-dialysis CKD, peritoneal dialysis, and hemodialysis, respectively. Baseline HR-Hope buffered the growing distress from fluid restriction after one year (−18.01 pts [95% CI, -28.24 to -7.79]) per 10-pt increase, 2.59 pts [95% CI, 1.05 to 4.13]. The distress from fluid restriction at 2 years did not differ from baseline. Baseline HR-Hope buffered the growing distress from dietary restriction after one year (−12.4 pts [95% CI, -22.68 to -2.12]) per 10-pt increase, 1.96 pts (95% CI, 0.34 to 3.57). The distress from dietary restriction at 2 years did not differ from baseline.LimitationsUse of self-reported measures as proxies for adherence.ConclusionsOur study shows that HR-Hope, regardless of depression, can potentially mitigate the long-term distress from fluid and dietary restrictions in patients with a wide range of CKD severities.
Porosity-permeability tensor relationship of closely and randomly packed fibrous biomaterials and biological tissues: Application to the brain white matter
Authors: Yuan Tian , Shen Li , Dini Daniele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe constitutive model for the porosity-permeability relationship is a powerful tool to estimate and design the transport properties of porous materials, and has thus attracted a significant number of attention for the advancement of composite materials. However, in comparison with engineering composite materials, biomaterials, especially natural and artificial tissues, have more complex micro-structures such as high anisotropy, high randomness of cell/fibre dimensions and very low porosity. Consequently, these properties of the biomaterial make the porosity-permeability relationship more difficult to obtain than traditional composites. To fill this gap, we start the mathematical derivation from the fundamental brain white matter (WM) formed by nerve fibres. This is augmented by a numerical characterisation and experimental validations to obtain an anisotropic permeability tensor of the brain WM as a function of the tissue porosity. Moreover, we propose an anisotropic poroelastic model enhanced by the newly defined porosity-permeability tensor relationship which precisely captures the tissue’s macro-scale permeability changes due to the micro-structural deformation in an infusion scenario. The constitutive model, the theories and protocols established in this study will both provide improved design strategies to tailor the transport properties of fibrous biomaterials and enable the non-invasive characterisation of the transport properties of biological tissues. This will lead to the provision of better patient-specific medical treatments, such as drug delivery.
White matter network organization predicts memory decline after epilepsy surgery
Authors: Stasenko Alena , Kaestner Erik , Arienzo Donatello , Schadler Adam J. , Helm Jonathan L. , Shih Jerry , Ben-Haim Sharona , McDonald Carrie R. 
Published: January 2023

Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to a substantial change in data analysis and findings/conclusions. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.