bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated late-life blood pressure may maintain brain oxygenation and slow amyloid-β accumulation at the expense of cerebral vascular damage
Authors: Tayler Hannah M , MacLachlan Robert , Güzel Özge , Miners J Scott , Love Seth 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hypertension in midlife contributes to cognitive decline and is a modifiable risk factor for dementia. The relationship between late-life hypertension and dementia is less clear. We have investigated the relationship of blood pressure and hypertensive status during late life (after 65 years) to post-mortem markers of Alzheimer’s disease (amyloid-β and tau loads); arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy; and to biochemical measures of ante-mortem cerebral oxygenation (the myelin-associated glycoprotein:proteolipid protein-1 ratio, which is reduced in chronically hypoperfused brain tissue, and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, which is upregulated by tissue hypoxia); blood–brain barrier damage (indicated by an increase in parenchymal fibrinogen); and pericyte content (platelet-derived growth factor receptor β, which declines with pericyte loss), in Alzheimer’s disease (n = 75), vascular (n = 20) and mixed dementia (n = 31) cohorts. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements were obtained retrospectively from clinical records. Non-amyloid small vessel disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy were scored semiquantitatively. Amyloid-β and tau loads were assessed by field fraction measurement in immunolabelled sections of frontal and parietal lobes. Homogenates of frozen tissue from the contralateral frontal and parietal lobes (cortex and white matter) were used to measure markers of vascular function by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Diastolic (but not systolic) blood pressure was associated with the preservation of cerebral oxygenation, correlating positively with the ratio of myelin-associated glycoprotein to proteolipid protein-1 and negatively with vascular endothelial growth factor-A in both the frontal and parietal cortices. Diastolic blood pressure correlated negatively with parenchymal amyloid-β in the parietal cortex. In dementia cases, elevated late-life diastolic blood pressure was associated with more severe arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and diastolic blood pressure correlated positively with parenchymal fibrinogen, indicating blood–brain barrier breakdown in both regions of the cortex. Systolic blood pressure was related to lower platelet-derived growth factor receptor β in controls in the frontal cortex and in dementia cases in the superficial white matter. We found no association between blood pressure and tau. Our findings demonstrate a complex relationship between late-life blood pressure, disease pathology and vascular function in dementia. We suggest that hypertension helps to reduce cerebral ischaemia (and may slow amyloid-β accumulation) in the face of increasing cerebral vascular resistance, but exacerbates vascular pathology.
On method-of-moments modelling of electromagnetic sources connected to metallic well casings
Authors: Streich R , Swidinsky A 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY
Metallic well casings strongly impact electromagnetic fields due to their high electrical conductivity. We can take advantage of their presence and increase the sensitivity of EM signals to deeper subsurface structure by driving electric currents down through existing casings, or using the metal as a wave guide for EM telemetry. Interpretation of such well-casing-enhanced measurements requires accurate simulation of these setups. The Method of Moments (MoM) can be used for modelling well casings without having to discretize them finely as part of the subsurface model. Extending the MoM for EM sources directly connected to well casings is straightforward in principle. However, we find that the accuracy of MoM results for such configurations depends strongly on details of the computational model definition, such as the exact position of the connection point and the discretization of the source wire. We explain those important details and provide strategies for the most accurate MoM modelling of electric currents injected into well casings.
Non-adaptive algorithms for threshold group testing with consecutive positives
Authors: Bui Thach V , Scarlett Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Given up to $d$ positive items in a large population of $n$ items ($d \ll n$), the goal of threshold group testing is to efficiently identify the positives via tests, where a test on a subset of items is positive if the subset contains at least $u$ positive items, negative if it contains up to $\ell $ positive items and arbitrary (either positive or negative) otherwise. The parameter $g = u - \ell - 1$ is called the gap. In non-adaptive strategies, all tests are fixed in advance and can be represented as a measurement matrix, in which each row and column represent a test and an item, respectively. In this paper, we consider non-adaptive threshold group testing with consecutive positives in which the items are linearly ordered and the positives are consecutive in that order. We show that by designing deterministic and strongly explicit measurement matrices, $\lceil \log _{2}{\lceil \frac {n}{d} \rceil } \rceil + 2d + 3$ (respectively, $\lceil \log _{2}{\lceil \frac {n}{d} \rceil } \rceil + 3d$) tests suffice to identify the positives in $O \left ( \log _{2}{\frac {n}{d}} + d \right )$ time when $g = 0$ (respectively, $g&gt; 0$). The results significantly improve the state-of-the-art scheme that needs $15 \lceil \log _{2}{\lceil \frac {n}{d} \rceil } \rceil + 4d + 71$ tests to identify the positives in $O \left ( \frac {n}{d} \log _{2}{\frac {n}{d}} + ud^{2} \right )$ time, and whose associated measurement matrices are random and (non-strongly) explicit.
Time Scales of Human Mpox Transmission in The Netherlands
Authors: Miura Fuminari , Backer Jantien A , van Rijckevorsel Gini , Bavalia Roisin , Raven Stijn , Petrignani Mariska , Ainslie Kylie E C , Wallinga Jacco ,   for the Dutch Mpox Response Team, van Benthem Birgit , Brandwagt Diederik , Bos Hanna , van Bokhoven-Rombouts Colette , Bovée Lian , Rovers Chantal P , van Cleef Brigitte , van Dam Alje P , van Dael Rik , van der Eijk Annemiek A , Ellerbroek Pauline , van Ewijk Catharina , Franz Eelco , GeurtsvanKessel Corine , van der Giessen Joke , Götz Hannelore , Häger Josette M W , van den Hof Susan , Hoornenborg Elske , Hintaran Putri , de Jonge Jorgen , Joosten Rosa , Koopmans Marion , Kosterman Kevin , Lange Jente , Leenstra Tjalling , Ooms Daisy , Oorsprong Danielle , Op de Coul Eline , Reurings Demi , van Rijckevorsel Gini , Sips Gregorius J , de Stoppelaar Sacha F , Vollaard Albert , Voordouw Bettie , Vennema Harry , de Vries Henry J C , Ellen Veldkamp Karin , Weijdema Klaartje , Westerhuis Geert , te Wierik Margreet J M , Welkers Matthijs R A , Waegemaekers Toos , Wallinga Jacco , Zantkuijl Paul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Mpox has spread rapidly to many countries in nonendemic regions. After reviewing detailed exposure histories of 109 pairs of mpox cases in the Netherlands, we identified 34 pairs where transmission was likely and the infectee reported a single potential infector with a mean serial interval of 10.1 days (95% credible interval, 6.6–14.7 days). Further investigation into pairs from 1 regional public health service revealed that presymptomatic transmission may have occurred in 5 of 18 pairs. These findings emphasize that precaution remains key, regardless of the presence of recognizable symptoms of mpox.
15 000 ellipsoidal binary candidates in TESS: Orbital periods, binary fraction, and tertiary companions
Authors: Green Matthew J , Maoz Dan , Mazeh Tsevi , Faigler Simchon , Shahaf Sahar , Gomel Roy , El-Badry Kareem , Rix Hans-Walter 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a homogeneously selected sample of 15 779 candidate binary systems with main sequence primary stars and orbital periods shorter than 5 d. The targets were selected from TESS full-frame image light curves on the basis of their tidally induced ellipsoidal modulation. Spectroscopic follow-up suggests a sample purity of 83 ± 13 per cent. Injection-recovery tests allow us to estimate our overall completeness as 28 ± 3 per cent with Porb &lt; 3 d and to quantify our selection effects. 39 ± 4 per cent of our sample are contact binary systems, and we disentangle the period distributions of the contact and detached binaries. We derive the orbital period distribution of the main-sequence binary population at short orbital periods, finding a distribution continuous with the lognormal distribution previously found for solar-type stars at longer periods, but with a significant steepening at Porb ≲ 3 d, and a pile-up of contact binaries at Porb  ≈ 0.4 d. Companions in the period range of 1–5 d are an order of magnitude more frequent around stars hotter than $\approx 6250\, \rm K$ (the Kraft break) when compared to cooler stars, suggesting that magnetic braking shortens the lifetime of cooler binary systems. However, the period distribution in the range 1–10 d is independent of temperature. We detect resolved tertiary companions to 9.0 ± 0.2 per cent of our binaries with a median separation of 3200 au. The frequency of tertiary companions rises to 29 ± 5 per cent among the systems with the shortest ellipsoidal periods. This large binary sample with quantified selection effects will be a powerful resource for future studies of detached and contact binary systems with Porb&lt;5 d.
The Effect of Time to Treatment With Antiarrhythmic Drugs on Survival and Neurological Outcomes in Shock Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Rahimi Mahbod , Dorian Paul , Cheskes Sheldon , Lebovic Gerald , Lin Steve 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
Examining the association of time to treatment (drug or placebo) with survival to hospital discharge and neurologic outcome.

Design:
Post hoc analysis of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Amiodarone, Lidocaine, Placebo randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Emergency medical services enrolled patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) at multiple North American sites.

Patients:
Adults with nontraumatic OHCA and an initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia refractory to at least one defibrillation attempt were included.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We used logistic regression to examine the association of time to treatment with survival to hospital discharge and favorable neurologic status at discharge (modified Rankin Scale ≤ 3) for the three treatment groups including an interaction term between treatment and time to treatment to determine the effect of time on treatment effects. Time to treatment data were available for 2,994 out of 3,026 patients (99%). The proportion of patients who survived to hospital discharge decreased as time to drug administration increased, in amiodarone (odds ratio [OR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.90–0.93 per min), lidocaine (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.91–0.96), and placebo (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.90–0.93). Comparing amiodarone to placebo, there was improved survival at all times of drug administration (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.05–1.65). Comparing lidocaine to placebo, survival was not different with shorter times to drug administration (< 11 min), whereas survival was higher with lidocaine at longer times to drug administration with an interaction between treatment effect and time to treatment (p = 0.048). Survival with good neurologic outcome showed similar results for all analyses.

Conclusions:
Survival and favorable neurologic outcomes decreased with longer times to drug administration. Amiodarone improved survival at all time points whereas lidocaine improved survival only at later time points, compared with placebo.
Exercise Performance and Quality of Life of Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients After Long-Term Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Schlöglhofer Thomas , Gross Christoph , Moscato Francesco , Neumayer Alexander , Kandioler Elisabeth , Leithner Daniela , Skoumal Martin , Laufer Günther , Wiedemann Dominik , Schima Heinrich , Zimpfer Daniel , Marko Christiane 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
Exercise performance and quality of life (QoL) of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients improve after early cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of multiprofessional long term phase 3 outpatient CR, and whether cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) and 6-min walk testing (6MWT) post-LVAD implantation predict hospital readmission.

Methods:
This retrospective observational cohort study included 29 LVAD patients (58.6 ± 7.7 yr, female: 13.8%, body mass index: 29.4 ± 3.3 kg/m2). Functional performance tests (CPX, 6MWT, sit-to-stand test), QoL, and psychological surveys (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and Control Convictions about Disease and Health [KKG]) were performed at baseline and at the end of CR.

Results:
The CR was initiated at a median (IQR) of 159 (130-260) d after LVAD implantation for a duration of 340 (180-363) d with 46.8 ± 23.2 trainings. The 6MWT (408.4 ± 113.3 vs 455.4 ± 115.5 m, P = .003) and sit-to-stand test (16.7 ± 6.9 vs 19.0 ± 5.3 repetitions, P = .033) improved, but relative peak oxygen uptake (V˙o
2peak: 9.4 [8.2-14.4] vs 9.3 [7.8-13.4] mL/min/kg, P = .57) did not change. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, baseline V˙o
2peak values were associated with readmission 1-yr after CR onset (C-statistic = 0.88) with a cutoff value of V˙o
2peak < 9.15 mL/min/kg (100% sensitivity, 78% specificity, P < .001). The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire self-efficacy and knowledge (+6.3 points), QoL (+5.0 points), and social limitation (+7.1 points) demonstrated clinically important changes. In addition, the hospital anxiety and depression scale showed a significant reduction in anxiety (4.6 ± 3.2 vs 2.6 ± 2.4, P = .03).

Conclusions:
Long-term CR is safe and LVAD outpatients showed improvement of QoL, anxiety, and submaximal exercise performance. In addition, V˙o
2peak and 6MWT have prognostic value for readmission.
Pulse train gating to improve signal generation forin vivotwo-photon fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Engelmann Shaun A. , Tomar Alankrit , Woods Aaron L. , Dunn Andrew K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSignificanceTwo-photon microscopy is used routinely forin vivoimaging of neural and vascular structure and function in rodents with a high resolution. Image quality, however, often degrades in deeper portions of the cerebral cortex. Strategies to improve deep imaging are therefore needed. We introduce such a strategy using gates of high repetition rate ultrafast pulse trains to increase signal level.AimWe investigate how signal generation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and signal-to-background ratio (SBR) improve with pulse gating while imagingin vivomouse cerebral vasculature.ApproachAn electro-optic modulator is used with a high-power (6 W) 80 MHz repetition rate ytterbium fiber amplifier to create gates of pulses at a 1 MHz repetition rate. We first measure signal generation from a Texas Red solution in a cuvette to characterize the system with no gating and at a 50%, 25%, and 12.5% duty cycle. We then compare signal generation, SNR, and SBR when imaging Texas Red-labeled vasculature using these conditions.ResultsWe find up to a 6.73-fold increase in fluorescent signal from a cuvette when using a 12.5% duty cycle pulse gating excitation pattern as opposed to a constant 80 MHz pulse train. We verify similar increases forin vivoimaging to that observed in cuvette testing. For deep imaging we find pulse gating to result in a 2.95-fold increase in SNR and a 1.37-fold increase in SBR on average when imaging mouse cortical vasculature at depths ranging from 950 μm to 1050 μm.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that a pulse gating strategy can either be used to limit heating when imaging superficial brain regions or used to increase signal generation in deep regions. These findings should encourage others to adopt similar pulse gating excitation schemes for imaging neural structure through two-photon microscopy.
Flow and heat transfer for MHD wall jet of hybrid nanofluids: theoretical and numerical solutions
Authors: Mahros Amr M. , Aly Emad H. , Merkin John H. , Pop Ioan M. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to study the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wall jet of a hybrid nanofluid flow over a moving surface with a thermally convective surface, wall moving with suction/injection.

Design/methodology/approach
On using appropriate similarity transformations, the governing equations that describe the model are converted into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These equations are solved both analytically and numerically using standard two-point boundary-value problem solvers and Chebyshev pseudospectral differentiation matrix method, respectively.

Findings
These results show that the HNF is heating/cooling with growth of the positive/negative values of the parameter measuring the velocity of the moving surface. The temperature distributions increase, where the thermal boundary layer gets thicker, as the magnetic field strengthens and with an increase in the absolute value of the Biot number.

Originality/value
The current findings for the HNFs are new and original. They generalize successfully the problems investigated previously by different researchers for the cases of fluids and also nanofluids.
Are dynamic or fixed FDG‐PET measures of disease of greater prognostic value in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma undergoing autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation?
Authors: Campbell Belinda A. , Brown Rachel , Lambertini Alessandro , Hofman Michael S. , Bressel Mathias , Seymour John F. , Wirth Andrew , MacManus Michael , Dickinson Michael 
Published: April 2023

SummaryPositron emission tomography (PET) response assessment using the Deauville score has prognostic utility in relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) undergoing autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT). Improved predictive methods are required to identify patients with poor outcomes who may be better considered for other salvage options. We investigated the prognostic value of mean tumour volume (MTV) and maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) at pre‐salvage and pre‐ASCT time‐points, and the quantitative changes between scans (∆MTV and ∆SUVmax). One hundred and twenty‐five patients with R/R DLBCL underwent salvage immunochemotherapy and ASCT: 80 patients had pre‐salvage PET and 90 had pre‐ASCT PET available. With a median follow‐up of 5.6 years, 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 52% and 65%, respectively. For patients with PET‐positive residual disease after salvage therapy, pre‐ASCT MTV was a significant negative prognosticator for PFS (HR 1.19 per 100 ml, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 1.78 per 100 ml, p < 0.001). Similarly, pre‐ASCT SUVmax was negatively associated with PFS (HR 1.08, p < 0.001) and OS (HR 1.08, p < 0.001). Notably, pre‐salvage MTV and SUVmax and ∆MTV and ∆SUVmax were not associated with PFS or OS. In conclusion, pre‐ASCT MTV and SUVmax appear to be of greater predictive value than the degree of response. Potential application may exist for PET‐directed management of R/R DLBCL patients.
Piezo1 activation augments sickling propensity and the adhesive properties of sickle red blood cells in a calcium‐dependent manner
Authors: Nader Elie , Conran Nicola , Leonardo Flavia C. , Hatem Aline , Boisson Camille , Carin Romain , Renoux Céline , Costa Fernando F. , Joly Philippe , Brito Pamela L. , Esperti Sofia , Bernard Joelle , Gauthier Alexandra , Poutrel Solene , Bertrand Yves , Garcia Caroline , Saad Sara T. O. , Egée Stéphane , Connes Philippe 
Published: April 2023

SummaryHaemoglobin S polymerization in the red blood cells (RBCs) of individuals with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) can cause RBC sickling and cellular alterations. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive protein that modulates intracellular calcium (Ca2+) influx, and its activation has been associated with increased RBC surface membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Hypothesizing that Piezo1 activation, and ensuing Gárdos channel activity, alter sickle RBC properties, RBCs from patients with SCA were incubated with the Piezo1 agonist, Yoda1 (0.1–10 μM). Oxygen‐gradient ektacytometry and membrane potential measurement showed that Piezo1 activation significantly decreased sickle RBC deformability, augmented sickling propensity, and triggered pronounced membrane hyperpolarization, in association with Gárdos channel activation and Ca2+ influx. Yoda1 induced Ca2+‐dependent adhesion of sickle RBCs to laminin, in microfluidic assays, mediated by increased BCAM binding affinity. Furthermore, RBCs from SCA patients that were homo−/heterozygous for the rs59446030 gain‐of‐function Piezo1 variant demonstrated enhanced sickling under deoxygenation and increased PS exposure. Thus, Piezo1 stimulation decreases sickle RBC deformability, and increases the propensities of these cells to sickle upon deoxygenation and adhere to laminin. Results support a role of Piezo1 in some of the RBC properties that contribute to SCA vaso‐occlusion, indicating that Piezo1 may represent a potential therapeutic target molecule for this disease.
Motion and form coherence processing in individuals with cerebral visual impairment
Authors: Merabet Lotfi B. , Manley Claire E. , Pamir Zahide , Bauer Corinna M. , Skerswetat Jan , Bex Peter J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimUsing a visual psychophysical paradigm, we sought to assess motion and form coherence thresholds as indices of dorsal and ventral visual stream processing respectively, in individuals with cerebral visual impairment (CVI). We also explored potential associations between psychophysical assessments and brain lesion severity in CVI.MethodTwenty individuals previously diagnosed with CVI (mean age = 17 years 11 months [SD 5 years 10 months]; mean Verbal IQ = 86.42 [SD 35.85]) and 30 individuals with neurotypical development (mean age = 20 years 1 month [SD 3 years 8 months]; mean Verbal IQ = 110.05 [SD 19.34]) participated in the study. In this two‐group comparison, cross‐sectional study design, global motion, and form pattern coherence thresholds were assessed using a computerized, generalizable, self‐administrable, and response‐adaptive psychophysical paradigm called FInD (Foraging Interactive D‐prime).ResultsConsistent with dorsal stream dysfunction, mean global motion (but not form) coherence thresholds were significantly higher in individuals with CVI compared to controls. No statistically significant association was found between coherence thresholds and lesion severity.InterpretationThese results suggest that the objective assessment of motion and form coherence threshold sensitivities using this psychophysical paradigm may be useful in helping to characterize perceptual deficits and the complex clinical profile of CVI.What this paper adds

In participants with cerebral visual impairment (CVI), motion (but not form) coherence thresholds were significantly higher compared to controls.

These psychophysical results support the notion of dorsal stream dysfunction in CVI.