bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the immune microenvironment in small bowel adenocarcinoma using digital image analysis
Authors: Sidi Fatima Abdullahi , Bingham Victoria , McQuaid Stephen , Craig Stephanie G. , Turkington Richard C. , James Jacqueline A. , Humphries Matthew P. , Salto-Tellez Manuel 
Published: August 2023

Background
Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare malignancy of the small intestine associated with late stage diagnosis and poor survival outcome. High expression of immune cells and immune checkpoint biomarkers especially programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been shown to significantly impact disease progression. We have analysed the expression of a subset of immune cell and immune checkpoint biomarkers in a cohort of SBA patients and assessed their impact on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods
25 patient samples in the form of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue were obtained in tissue microarray (TMAs) format. Automated immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed using validated antibodies for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, PD-L1, ICOS, IDO1 and LAG3. Slides were scanned digitally and assessed in QuPath, an open source image analysis software, for biomarker density and percentage positivity. Survival analyses were carried out using the Kaplan Meier method.

Results
Varying expressions of biomarkers were recorded. High expressions of CD3, CD4 and IDO1 were significant for PFS (p = 0.043, 0.020 and 0.018 respectively). High expression of ICOS was significant for both PFS (p = 0.040) and OS (p = 0.041), while high PD-L1 expression in tumour cells was significant for OS (p = 0.033). High correlation was observed between PD-L1 and IDO1 expressions (Pearson correlation co-efficient = 1) and subsequently high IDO1 expression in tumour cells was found to be significant for PFS (p = 0.006) and OS (p = 0.034).

Conclusions
High levels of immune cells and immune checkpoint proteins have a significant impact on patient survival in SBA. These data could provide an insight into the immunotherapeutic management of patients with SBA.
Joan Crawford: The Essential Biography, Lawrence J. Quirk and William Schoell (2021)
Authors: Razmadze Mariami 
Published: August 2023

Review of: Joan Crawford: The Essential Biography, Lawrence J. Quirk and William Schoell (2021)
Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 344 pp.,
ISBN: 9780813180496 (pbk), $24.95
The Public History Turn in History Education Seen Through the Lens of the Polish–German History Textbook
Authors: Wojdon Joanna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article presents the changes in history education that bring school history closer to public history and discusses the potential of a textbook as a tool for fostering public history. The analysis of the chapters dealing with the Second World War from the Polish–German history textbook, Europe – Our History, provides arguments in support of the claim that history education may become history for the public – by engaging pupils, not just providing them with knowledge; with the public – by letting the pupils reflect on the lesson content, not take it for granted; about the public – by focusing on ordinary people’s fates, not on political and military operations; and by the public – by referring extensively to people’s memories and letting primary sources speak for themselves, not just illustrate the historiographical narrative.
A preliminary examination of burrow use of the understudied Ctenomys pilarensis in Ñeembucú, Paraguay
Authors: Hordijk Kim Anna Cornelia , Pottie Sam Bert , Ayala Jorge 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Very little is known on Ctenomys pilarensis, as it has rarely been studied. We conducted a preliminary study on its burrow use by implementing a capture-mark-recapture method. Between February and June 2022, 12 different Pilar tuco-tucos were captured and chipped using MiniHPT8 PIT tags, 7 individuals were recaptured at least once. Our results indicate this species to be solitary, as we found no evidence of burrow sharing. These findings should, however, be viewed with caution due to our small sample size.
Para-occupational exposure to chemical substances: a systematic review
Authors: Ramezanifar Soleiman , Azimian Afsane , khadiv Elahe , Naziri Seyed Husein , Gharari Noradin , Fazlzadeh Mehdi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Today, many health problems related to work have overshadowed workers and their families. In the meantime, chemicals are among the risk factors that have created many problems due to para-occupational exposure. In para-occupational exposures, family members are exposed to work pollutants transferred to the home environment. This study was conducted to investigate para-occupational exposure to chemicals. To conduct this systematic review, databases such as “Web of Science”, “Google Scholar”, “Scopus”, and “SID” were used. Relevant articles in these databases were extracted by searching keywords such as “take-home exposure”, “para-occupational exposure”, and “chemicals” from 2000 to 2022. To extract the required data, all parts of the articles were reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020). Among the 44 identified articles, 23 were selected as final articles, of which 10 were related to agriculture workers and their families, and 13 were related to other occupations. These studies mainly investigated para-occupational exposure to pesticides (14 studies) and metals (four studies). Also, contaminated work clothes, the washing place of contaminated clothes, and storage of working clothes, equipment, and chemicals were proposed as the main routes of contamination transmission. As a result of these para-occupational exposures, problems like neuro-behavioral disorders in children, end-stage renal disease, black gingival borders, and autism spectrum disorder were created or aggravated. Limiting the transmission routes and taking measures such as training and providing facilities like devoting places for washing and storing clothes in the workplaces can decrease this type of exposure.
Pathogenesis underlying hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 gene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Chong Zhao Zhong , Menkes Daniel L. , Souayah Nizar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Mutations in C9orf72 and the resulting hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC) expansion (HRE) has been identified as a major cause of familial ALS, accounting for about 40 % of familial and 6 % of sporadic cases of ALS in Western patients. The pathological outcomes of HRE expansion in ALS have been recognized as the results of two mechanisms that include both the toxic gain-of-function and loss-of-function of C9ORF72. The gain of toxicity results from RNA and dipeptide repeats (DPRs). The HRE can be bidirectionally transcribed into RNA foci, which can bind to and disrupt RNA splicing, transport, and translation. The DPRs that include poly-glycine-alanine, poly-glycine-proline, poly-glycine- arginine, poly-proline-alanine, and poly-proline-arginine can induce toxicity by direct binding and sequestrating other proteins to interfere rRNA synthesis, ribosome biogenesis, translation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. The C9ORF72 functions through binding to its partners-Smith-Magenis chromosome regions 8 (SMCR8) and WD repeat-containing protein (WDR41). Loss of C9ORF72 function results in impairment of autophagy, deregulation of autoimmunity, increased stress, and disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Further insight into the mechanism in C9ORF72 HRE pathogenesis will facilitate identifying novel and effective therapeutic targets for ALS.
„do you really beLIEVE that.“ – Positionierungen von Lehrkräften zu Verschwörungstheorien im Spannungsfeld von Epistemik, Vertextungsform und Institution
Authors: Weiser-Zurmühlen Kristin , Schildhauer Peter , Gerlach David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We analyse how teachers position themselves towards conspiracy theories in teaching contexts following the methodology of conversation analysis and positioning theory. For the analysis we selected sequences in which three teachers narrate and comment retrospectively on incidents from their everyday school life in which their students confronted them with conspiracy theories. Since conspiracy theories are seen as a complex and potentially explosive phenomenon in both public and academic discourse, many see it as mandatory to take or at least express a critical stance towards them. In general, however, conspiracy theories make it difficult to take a clear position, as they are often vague and incoherent on evaluative, textual, functional and epistemic levels. These ambiguities are also reflected in the teachers’ positions as evidenced in our data: On the one hand, they emphasise the need to raising students’ awareness of how to identify conspiracy theories and how to adopt a critical stance towards them. On the other hand, the micro-analytical reconstruction of the narrative sequences of concrete classroom situations shows that the teachers do not always act in line with these beliefs. This can be interpreted as a tension between socially conforming positioning acts towards conspiracy theories on the one and the teachers‘ professional self-perception on the other hand.
Política tributaria y formalización de las micro y pequeñas empresas en Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Ramirez Campomanes Clesy Rosilene 
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la política tributaria y la formalización de las micro y pequeñas empresas en Lima Metropolitana. Método: Se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo; el diseño fue no experimental, transversal, de tipo relacional porque permitió asociar las variables, para ello, se utilizó la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson. La muestra fue de 384 mypes. Resultados: De las 384 mypes, un 23,44 % (90) respondió que ningún tributo es difícil de pagar y, a pesar de que un 10,42 % (40) contestó que los impuestos que se pagan a la Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y de Administración Tributaria fueron los tributos más difíciles de pagar, al igual que los tributos municipales con un 27,08 % (104), se halló que el 64,85 % (249) está acogido a un régimen tributario, donde el mayor porcentaje pertenece al nuevo RUS con el 50,3 % (193). Conclusión: La política tributaria tiene una relación significativa con la formalización de las micro y pequeñas empresas en Lima Metropolitana.
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE INTERACTION KINETICS BETWEEN MOLTEN ALUMINIUM ALLOY AL99.7 AND TOOL STEEL H11
Authors: Vončina Maja , Nagode Aleš , Medved Jožef , Balaško Tilen 
Published: August 2023

Hot-work tool steels are used in casting and hot-forming processes and are subjected to thermal, mechanical and chemical stresses that can cause damage to various parts of the tool. Therefore, knowledge of the interaction between tool steel and molten aluminium alloy is necessary to extend the life of the tool. The present work was carried out to predict the influence of temperature on the interaction kinetics between tool steel and molten aluminium. To investigate the effect of temperature on the dissolution rate of tool steel in molten aluminium and the rate of formation of interaction layers, DSC analysis was performed at two different temperatures, 670 °C and 700 °C, for 12 h. The results were corroborated and supported by a detailed microstructure analysis.
It was found that very small temperature changes, in this case 30 °C, significantly affect the kinetics of the interaction layer’s formation between the tool steel H11 and molten aluminium Al99.7. All test methods show a pronounced influence of the test temperature. A significantly faster dissolution was observed in the DSC curve, with the slope of the curve being larger for the specimen tested at 700 °C, which was also confirmed by measurements of the thicknesses of the interaction layers. The thickness of the composite layer was almost the same in both cases, and the temperature has no effect on this layer. The types of interaction layers do not differ from each other.
Infección por SARS-CoV-2 y la lactancia materna en las gestantes. Trujillo, 2020-2021
Authors: Villanueva-Cruz Brandon P.J. , Escurra-Lagos Jean C. , Medina-Huanes Elcira A. 
Published: August 2023

El SARS-CoV-2 es un síndrome respiratorio que afecta a toda la población. Este informe se centra en las mujeres embarazadas que están infectadas por SARS-CoV-2 y la relación con la lactancia materna. Esta presente investigación sostuvo como objetivo general determinar la relación entre la infección por SARS-COV-2 y la lactancia materna en mujeres gestantes. Para ello se logró hacer la recolección de datos del Cuaderno de control de un hospital a 99 pacientes femeninas con posible infección a SARS-CoV-2 en Trujillo, lo cual fueron recolectadas en el periodo del 16 de noviembre del 2020 a 04 abril del 2021, mediante un muestreo censal. Estos datos fueron recogidos por la técnica de Observación y se logró hacer dos instrumentos llamados: Guía de observación de SARS-COV-2 y Guía de observación de Lactancia Materna. Luego se elaboraron tablas de contingencia y se calcularon algunas medidas estadísticas para describir el conjunto de datos, para lo cual se empleó la herramienta Microsoft Excel. Finalmente, en el objetivo general en los resultados realizados se logró estimar con un valor de significancia fue P= 0.7005 > 0.05, lo cual se acepta la hipótesis nula. En conclusión, la Infección por SARS-CoV-2 no se relaciona significativamente con la lactancia materna en las gestantes, Trujillo, 2020-2021.
Profile of Fungi Isolated from Domestic Water Used by Street Vendors: The Public Health Implication
Authors: Nkenna Chigbo Udoka 
Published: August 2023

This study aimed at establishing the profile of fungi isolated from domestic water used by street vendors in Owerri metropolis, Imo State from August 2020 to January 2021. Fiftynine water samples collected from 25 street vendors with reference to usage. Data obtained was statistically analyzed with p-value set at 0.05 significance level. The following fungi species were identified in the study; Coccidiodes spp. (5.08%), Penicillium spp. (23.73%), Drechsler spp. (8.47%), Candida spp (5.08%), and Paecilomyces spp. (5.08%). Three Aspergillus species were identified, namely A. flavus (16.95%), A. niger (15.25%) and A. fumigatus (11.84). The prevalence relative to fungi species was statistically significant. The result showed that 28(93.33%) of samples from water used for food preparation was contaminated with fungi, while 26 (89.66%) from drinking water were contaminated, however, the difference was not statistically significant. The result recorded (2.01±1.11 TCFU/100 ml) colony-forming units. The overall number of colonies formed by fungi species was significantly different (p˂0.05). Drechsler spp had the highest count of 4.63±4.41TCFU/100 ml, while the least was observed in Aspergillus niger, 1.07±0.10TCFU/100 ml. The fungi total colony-forming units count was not dependent on the type of water usage, however, samples from water used for food preparation (2.56±2.19TCFU/100 ml) had higher counts than drinking water samples (1.43±0.20 TCFU/100 ml). The result has revealed the presence of some fungi of hazardous inclinations in water used by food vendors in Owerri. There is a need for concerted public enlightenment on the risk of fungi contaminated water and observance of sound safety and hygienic practices.
Microalgae: bibliometric relationship of biorefineries, circular economy and the environment
Authors: Sanchez Ortega Jorge Luis , López Galán Jorge Enrique 
Published: August 2023

Microalgae have various advantages over vegetable crops, such as their growth speed, the greater consumption of CO2 and production of O2, and the vast variety of products where they can be used. For this reason, the present work seeks to quantify the trends that exist in microalgae research, by running related keywords in Scopus databases in a span of ten years. The central words used were related to biorefineries, microalgae, products and simulation. Likewise, the Wizdom.ai platform and VosViewer data analysis software were used. It was found that between 2015 and 2019, publications increased around 74 and 89 %. The graphical and statistical analysis through VosViewer allowed identifying the relationship between biorefinery and microalgae. Which showed that there is a trend in publications on the topic of biofuels, and that there is still little information corresponding to the biorefinery concept related to the analysis between microalgae and process simulation. Based on a global analysis of the abstracts of most of the publications, the main difficulties and information gaps in the processes under the biorefinery concept were identified, especially relating processes, costs, circular economy and environmental aspects.
Assessing Pigeonpea Genotypes for Resistance against Maruca vitrata Fabricius and its Sustainable Management through Biorationals
Authors: Sujayanand G.K. , Datta Dibendu , Chandra Anup , Pandey Sonika 
Published: August 2023

Background: The spotted pod borer (SPB), Maruca vitrata Fabricius is a key insect pest of major legume crop i.e. pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan in India and semi-arid tropics. Identifying a SPB resistant genotype will help in sustainable management of SPB and in attaining nutritional security. The SPB has developed insecticide resistance to most of the chemical insecticide like Organophosphorous group of insecticides and also it is expanding its geographic limits. These factors are the driving forces for identifying tolerant genotypes for its sustainable management along with a suitable biorational. Methods: Forty seven pigeonpea genotypes were screened during kharif 2015 to 2017 at ICAR-IIPR, Kanpur based on percent pod damage and Pest Resistance Susceptibility Rating (PRSR) under insecticide free condition. The 4 biorationals were tested against SPB in ICPL 87 along with untreated control in Randomised Block Design. Further the SPB molecular identity was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of partial Cox 1 gene amplified from M. vitrata adult. Results: Two indeterminate genotypes (Pusa2001 and Pusa33) as SPB resistant based on lowest mean pest resistance susceptibility rating (PRSR 1.7) The next best genotypes were a determinate (AL-15) and indeterminate genotype (LRG-30) with a PRSR of 2.0. The highest PRSR (6.0) was recorded from the ICPL 87, a susceptible check in the present experiment. Spinosad 45SC has recorded significantly lowest mean pod damage (6.67%) and highest mean yield (4.36kg/35m2) compared to 4 other treatments in the field efficacy trial. The phylogenetic analysis of Cox 1 gene from Kanpur population (KY559101) with 19 other M. vitrata populations in India revealed that it is more similar to Raichur population (KT070892) and it confirms M. vitrata has same ancestral homology in India.
Learning by Heart or With Heart: Brain Asymmetry Reflects Pedagogical Practices
Authors: Schetter Martin , Romascano David , Gaujard Mathilde , Rummel Christian , Denervaud Solange 
Published: August 2023

Brain hemispheres develop rather symmetrically except in the case of pathology or intense training.
As school experience is a form of training, the current study tested the influence of pedagogy on morphological development through the cortical thickness (CTh) asymmetry index (AI).
First, we compared CTh AI of 111 students aged 4 to 18 with 77 adults aged &gt; 20. Second, we investigated CTh AI in the students, as a function of schooling background (Montessori or traditional). At the whole-brain level, CTh AI was not different between the adult and student groups, even when controlling for age. However, the pedagogical experience was found to impact CTh AI in the temporal lobe, within the parahippocampal (PHC) region. The PHC has a functional lateralization, with the right PHC having a stronger involvement in spatiotemporal context encoding, while the left PHC is involved in semantic encoding. We observed CTh asymmetry toward the left PHC for participants enrolled in Montessori schools and toward the right for participants enrolled in traditional schools. As these participants were matched on age, intelligence, home life, and socioeconomic conditions, we interpret this effect found in memory-related brain regions to reflect differences in learning strategies.
Pedagogy modulates how new concepts are encoded, with possible long-term effects on knowledge transfer.
Efficiency and effectiveness of two different solvents in retreatment of teeth obturated by bioceramic sealer
(A Comparative In-Vitro Study)
Authors: Refky Nada 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The bioceramic sealer removal is a great challenge that need to be solved. Therefore, the current study had 3 main objectives. The first is to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 10% FA and 20% HCl, for the retreatment of teeth obturated with gutta-percha and BC sealer, the second is to evaluate the effect of the solvents on root canal wall dentin and compare the level of erosion caused by these solvents and the third to evaluate micohardness of the tooth.
Methods : twenty-six extracted single-canal teeth are instrumented and obturated 1 mm short of the working length using gutta percha and ceraseal BC sealer. Two weeks later, gutta-percha is removed and assessment is done on two groups: Formic acid group and hydrochloric acid group. Both groups are tested. Apical patency is attempted with a c-file and a solvent. The time to gain patency through BC sealer is recorded, then full removal of bioceramic sealer using FKG Race EVO rotary files with solvents. Scanning electron microscope is used to test the amount of remaining sealer and the effect of solvents on dentin, microhardness of dentin is tested as well.
Categorical Risk Stratification for Neonatal Early Onset Sepsis using Suspected Intraamniotic Infection and the Newborn Exam
Authors: Rick Anne-Marie , Copp Elizabeth , Buckley Abigail , Yanowitz Toby , Martin Judith , Shaikh Nader , Switzer Galen , Hooven Thomas , Beigi Richard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective: To determine test characteristics of categorical risk stratification for early onset sepsis (EOS) using maternal criteria for suspected intraamniotic infection (IAI) and/or newborn exam and compare them to the EOS calculator.
Study Design: Retrospective 1:3 case-control study of late preterm/term infants with bacterial culture growth obtained <72 hours of life. For categorical approach, infants of mothers with suspected IAI or equivocal/ill appearing were presumed high-risk for EOS and blood culture obtained. For calculator, estimated probability of EOS and care recommendations were recorded from online calculator. Test characteristics were compared with McNemar’s test; recommendation for blood culture was considered a “positive” test.
Result: 52 cases and 172 controls were included. Compared to the calculator, the categorical approach had higher sensitivity 90%(95%CI:79-96%) vs 67%(95%CI:54-79%) but lower specificity 85%(95%CI:78-89%) vs. 92%(95%CI:87-96%). 10% of cases were not identified by either.
Conclusion: A categorical approach using suspected IAI/newborn exam offers good EOS discrimination and is comparable to the calculator.