bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary metabolic profiling of Serratia marcescens NP10 reveals new stephensiolides and glucosamine derivatives with bacterial membrane activity
Authors: Clements-Decker Tanya , Rautenbach Marina , van Rensburg Wilma , Khan Sehaam , Stander Marietjie , Khan Wesaal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSecondary metabolic profiling, using UPLC-MSE and molecular networking, revealed the secondary metabolites produced by Serratia marcescens NP10. The NP10 strain co-produced cyclic and open-ring stephensiolides (i.e., fatty acyl chain linked to Thr–Ser–Ser–Ile/Leu–Ile/Leu/Val) and glucosamine derivatives (i.e., fatty acyl chain linked to Val–glucose–butyric/oxo-hexanoic acid), with the structures of sixteen new stephensiolides (L–Y) and three new glucosamine derivatives (L–N) proposed. Genome mining identified sphA (stephensiolides) and gcd (glucosamine derivatives) gene clusters within Serratia genomes available on NBCI using antiSMASH, revealing specificity scores of the adenylation-domains within each module that corroborates MSE data. Of the nine RP-HPLC fractions, two stephensiolides and two glucosamine derivatives exhibited activity against Staphylococcus aureus (IC50 of 25–79 µg/mL). 1H NMR analysis confirmed the structure of the four active compounds as stephensiolide K, a novel analogue stephensiolide U, and glucosamine derivatives A and C. Stephensiolides K and U were found to cause membrane depolarisation and affect the membrane permeability of S. aureus, while glucosamine derivatives A and C primarily caused membrane depolarisation. New members of the stephensiolide and glucosamine derivative families were thus identified, and results obtained shed light on their antibacterial properties and mode of membrane activity.
Cryptic diversity in a gastrointestinal acanthocephalan of New World primates from Costa Rica
Authors: Rojas-Sánchez Ernesto , Umaña-Blanco Fabián , Jiménez-Rocha Ana , Vega-Benavides Karen , Medaglia Alejandro , Solano-Barquero Alberto , Rojas Alicia , Jiménez Mauricio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProsthenorchis elegansis a worm of the family Archiacanthocephala that infects non-human primates in the Americas, producing an intestinal pathology that may compromise the life of its hosts. Squirrel monkeys,Saimiri oerstedii citrinellus,were found withP. elegansin Costa Rica. Histopathological analysis revealed a severe pyogranulomatous response composed by macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, fibroblasts and lymphocytes. Morphological worm analyses revealed 36 hooks in the proboscis distributed in six rows; and total body, hook and lemnisci length were compatible to the original descriptions ofP. elegans.In addition, phylogenetic, haplotype network and genetic distance analyses were done on cytochrome oxidase subunit 1,cox1, sequences obtained from the collected specimens. Sequences obtained herein clustered separately with high posterior probabilities in a Bayesian Inference tree and showed 8.12% nucleotide differences when compared toP. elegansfrom Colombia. This high divergence was confirmed in the TCS network that separated Colombian and Costa Rican sequences by 32 mutational steps, a genetic distance PCA which separated sequences from both geographical locations by 89.5% and an FSTvalue of 0.655, indicating the presence of cryptic diversity inP. elegans. Additional studies from specimens collected from other definitive hosts and geographical locations are required to better understand the biodiversity of this species.
Non-invasive estimation of hemoglobin, bilirubin and oxygen saturation of neonates simultaneously using whole optical spectrum analysis at point of care
Authors: Banerjee Amrita , Bhattacharyya Neha , Ghosh Ria , Singh Soumendra , Adhikari Aniruddha , Mondal Susmita , Roy Lopamudra , Bajaj Annie , Ghosh Nilanjana , Bhushan Aman , Goswami Mahasweta , Ahmed Ahmed S. A. , Moussa Ziad , Mondal Pulak , Mukhopadhyay Subhadipta , Bhattacharyya Debasis , Chattopadhyay Arpita , Ahmed Saleh A. , Mallick Asim Kumar , Pal Samir Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe study was aimed to evaluate the performance of a newly developed spectroscopy-based non-invasive and noncontact device (SAMIRA) for the simultaneous measurement of hemoglobin, bilirubin and oxygen saturation as an alternative to the invasive biochemical method of blood sampling. The accuracy of the device was assessed in 4318 neonates having incidences of either anemia, jaundice, or hypoxia. Transcutaneous bilirubin, hemoglobin and blood saturation values were obtained by the newly developed instrument which was corroborated with the biochemical blood tests by expert clinicians. The instrument is trained using Artificial Neural Network Analysis to increase the acceptability of the data. The artificial intelligence incorporated within the instrument determines the disease condition of the neonate. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r was found to be 0.987 for hemoglobin estimation and 0.988 for bilirubin and blood gas saturation respectively. The bias and the limits of agreement for the measurement of all the three parameters were within the clinically acceptance limit.
Ecological niche model transferability of the white star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum G. Don) in the context of climate and global changes
Authors: Ganglo Jean Cossi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChrysophyllum albidumis a forest food tree species of the Sapotaceae family bearing large berries of nutrition, sanitary, and commercial value in many African countries. Because of its socioeconomic importance,C. albidumis threatened at least by human pressure. However, we do not know to what extent climate change can impact its distribution or whether it is possible to introduce the species in other tropical regions. To resolve our concerns, we decided to model the spatial distribution of the species. We then used the SDM package for data modeling in R to compare the predictive performances of algorithms among the most commonly used: three machine learning algorithms (MaxEnt, boosted regression trees, and random forests) and three regression algorithms (generalized linear model, generalized additive models, and multivariate adaptive regression spline). We performed model transfers in tropical Asia and Latin America. At the scale of Africa, predictions with respect to Maxent under Africlim (scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, horizon 2055) and MIROCES2L (scenarios SSP245 and SSP585, horizon 2060) showed that the suitable areas ofC. albidum, within threshold values of the most contributing variables to the models, will extend mostly in West, East, Central, and Southern Africa as well as in East Madagascar. As opposed to Maxent, in Africa, the predictions for the future of BRT and RF were unrealistic with respect to the known ecology ofC. albidum.All the algorithms except Maxent (for tropical Asia only), were consistent in predicting a successful introduction ofC. albidumin Latin America and tropical Asia, both at present and in the future. We therefore recommend the introduction and cultivation ofChrysophyllum albidumin the predicted suitable areas of Latin America and tropical Asia, along with vegetation inventories in order to discover likely, sister or vicarious species ofChrysophyllum albidumthat can be new to Science. Africlim is more successful than MIROCES2L in predicting realistic suitable areas ofChrysophyllum albidumin Africa. We therefore recommend to the authors of Africlim an update of Africlim models to comply with the sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of IPCC.
Reactivity of a model of B3P3-doped nanographene with up to three CO2 molecules
Authors: Ferrer Maxime , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero Jose , Oliva-Enrich Josep M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe reactivity of a B3P3-doped hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene, as a model of nanographene (B3P3-NG), towards carbon dioxide was studied at the DFT M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G* level of theory. This compound can be classified as a poly-cyclic poly-Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) system, as it presents more than one Lewis Acid/Lewis Base pair on its surface, making the capture of several carbon dioxide molecules possible. Two scenarios were considered to fully characterize the capture of CO2by this multi-FLP system: (i) fixation of three CO2molecules sequentially one by one; and (ii) simultaneous contact of three CO2molecules with the B3P3-NG surface. The resulting adducts were analyzed as function of activation barriers and the relative stability of the CO2capture. A cooperativity effect due to the π-delocalization of the hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene is observed. The fixation of a CO2molecule modifies the electronic properties. It enhances the capture of additional CO2molecules by changing the acidy and basicity of the rest of the boron and phosphorus atoms in the B3P3-NG system.
Rugged bialkali photocathodes encapsulated with graphene and thin metal film
Authors: Guo Lei , Liu Fangze , Koyama Kazuki , Regis Nolan , Alexander Anna M. , Wang Gaoxue , DeFazio Jeffrey , Valdez James A. , Poudel Anju , Yamamoto Masahiro , Moody Nathan A. , Takashima Yoshifumi , Yamaguchi Hisato 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtection of free-electron sources has been technically challenging due to lack of materials that transmit electrons while preventing corrosive gas molecules. Two-dimensional materials uniquely possess both of required properties. Here, we report three orders of magnitude increase in active pressure and factor of two enhancement in the lifetime of high quantum efficiency (QE) bialkali photocathodes (cesium potassium antimonide (CsK2Sb)) by encapsulating them in graphene and thin nickel (Ni) film. The photoelectrons were extracted through the graphene protection layer in a reflection mode, and we achieved QE of ~ 0.17% at ~ 3.4 eV, 1/e lifetime of 188 h with average current of 8.6 nA under continuous illumination, and no decrease of QE at the pressure of as high as ~ 1 × 10–3 Pa. In comparison, the QE decreased drastically at 10–6 Pa for bare, non-protected CsK2Sb photocathodes and their 1/e lifetime under continuous illumination was ~ 48 h. We attributed the improvements to the gas impermeability and photoelectron transparency of graphene.
A time evolving online social network generation algorithm
Authors: Shirzadian Pouyan , Antony Blessy , Gattani Akshaykumar G. , Tasnina Nure , Heath Lenwood S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rapid growth of online social media usage in our daily lives has increased the importance of analyzing the dynamics of online social networks. However, the dynamic data of existing online social media platforms are not readily accessible. Hence, there is a necessity to synthesize networks emulating those of online social media for further study. In this work, we propose an epidemiology-inspired and community-based, time-evolving online social network generation algorithm (EpiCNet), to generate a time-evolving sequence of random networks that closely mirror the characteristics of real-world online social networks. Variants of the algorithm can produce both undirected and directed networks to accommodate different user interaction paradigms. EpiCNet utilizes compartmental models inspired by mathematical epidemiology to simulate the flow of individuals into and out of the online social network. It also employs an overlapping community structure to enable more realistic connections between individuals in the network. Furthermore, EpiCNet evolves the community structure and connections in the simulated online social network as a function of time and with an emphasis on the behavior of individuals. EpiCNet is capable of simulating a variety of online social networks by adjusting a set of tunable parameters that specify the individual behavior and the evolution of communities over time. The experimental results show that the network properties of the synthetic time-evolving online social network generated by EpiCNet, such as clustering coefficient, node degree, and diameter, match those of typical real-world online social networks such as Facebook and Twitter.
Comprehensive analysis of current leakage at individual screw and mixed threading dislocations in freestanding GaN substrates
Authors: Hamachi Takeaki , Tohei Tetsuya , Hayashi Yusuke , Imanishi Masayuki , Usami Shigeyoshi , Mori Yusuke , Sakai Akira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe electrical characteristics of Schottky contacts on individual threading dislocations (TDs) with a screw-component in GaN substrates and the structures of these TDs were investigated to assess the effects of such defects on reverse leakage currents. Micrometer-scale platinum/GaN Schottky contacts were selectively fabricated on screw- and mixed-TD-related etch pits classified based on the pit size. Current–voltage (I–V) data acquired using conductive atomic force microscopy showed that very few of the screw TDs generated anomalously large reverse leakage currents. An analysis of the temperature dependence of theI–Vcharacteristics established that the leakage current conduction mechanisms for the leaky screw TDs differed from those for the other screw and mixed TDs. Specifically, anomalous current leakage was generated by Poole–Frenkel emission and trap-assisted tunneling via distinctive trap states together with Fowler–Nordheim tunneling, with the mechanism changing according to variations in temperature and applied voltage. The leaky TDs were identified as Burgers vectorb = 1cclosed-core screw TDs having a helical morphology similar to that of other screw TDs generating small leakage currents. Based on the results, we proposed that the atomic-scale modification of the dislocation core structure related to interactions with point defects via dislocation climbing caused different leakage characteristics of the TDs.
Effective band gap engineering in multi-principal oxides (CeGdLa-Zr/Hf)Ox by temperature-induced oxygen vacancies
Authors: Hu Yixuan , Anandkumar Mariappan , Joardar Joydip , Wang Xiaodong , Deshpande Atul Suresh , Reddy Kolan Madhav 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOxygen vacancy control has been one of the most efficient methods to tune the physicochemical properties of conventional oxide materials. A new conceptual multi-principal oxide (MPO) is still lacking a control approach to introduce oxygen vacancies for tuning its inherent properties. Taking multi-principal rare earth-transition metal (CeGdLa-Zr/Hf) oxides as model systems, here we report temperature induced oxygen vacancy generation (OVG) phenomenon in MPOs. It is found that the OVG is strongly dependent on the composition of the MPOs showing different degrees of oxygen loss in (CeGdLaZr)Ox and (CeGdLaHf)Ox under identical high temperature annealing conditions. The results revealed that (CeGdLaZr)Ox remained stable single phase with a marginal decrease in the band gap of about 0.08 eV, whereas (CeGdLaHf)Ox contained two phases with similar crystal structure but different oxygen vacancy concentrations causing semiconductor-to-metal like transition. Due to the intrinsic high entropy, the metallic atoms sublattice in (CeGdLaHf)Ox remains rather stable, regardless of the interstitial oxygen atoms ranging from almost fully occupied (61.84 at%) to almost fully empty (8.73 at%) state in the respective crystal phases. Such highly tunable oxygen vacancies in (CeGdLa-Zr/Hf) oxides show a possible path for band gap engineering in MPOs for the development of efficient photocatalysts.
Respiration-entrained brain oscillations in healthy fMRI participants with high anxiety
Authors: Pfurtscheller Gert , Kaminski Maciej , J.Blinowska Katarzyna , Rassler Beate , Schwarz Gerhard , Klimesch Wolfgang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBrain-body interactions can be studied by using directed coupling measurements of fMRI oscillations in the low (0.1–0.2 Hz) and high frequency bands (HF; 0.2–0.4 Hz). Recently, a preponderance of oscillations in the information flow between the brainstem and the prefrontal cortex at around 0.15/0.16 Hz was shown. The goal of this study was to investigate the information flow between BOLD-, respiratory-, and heart beat-to-beat interval (RRI) signals in the HF band in healthy subjects with high anxiety during fMRI examinations. A multivariate autoregressive model was concurrently applied to the BOLD signals from the middle frontal gyrus (MFG), precentral gyrus and the brainstem, as well as to respiratory and RRI signals. Causal coupling between all signals was determined using the Directed Transfer Function (DTF). We found a salience of fast respiratory waves with a period of 3.1 s (corresponding to ~ 0.32 Hz) and a highly significant (p < 0.001) top-down information-flow from BOLD oscillations in the MFG to the brainstem. Additionally, there was a significant (p < 0.01) information flow from RRI to respiratory oscillations. We speculate that brain oscillations around 0.32 Hz, triggered by nasal breathing, are projected downwards to the brainstem. Particularly interesting is the driving force of cardiac to respiratory waves with a ratio of 1:1 or 1:2. These results support the binary hierarchy model with preferred respiratory frequencies at 0.32 Hz and 0.16 Hz.
Hip joint function and reconstruction of the anterior femoral offset in patients with short stem vs. conventional THA
Authors: Budde S. , Tonin K. , Jakubowitz E. , Welke B. , Obermeier A. , Hurschler C. , Windhagen H. , Schwarze M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn cases where mobility and joint function are impaired after implantation of a THA, weakening of hip movement in both extension/flexion and adduction/abduction may play a role due to shortening of the physiological lever arm of the hip muscles. Mechanical factors of influence include the lateral femoral offset, which affects the lever arm, and the antetorsion angle of the hip prosthesis, which affects the anterior femoral offset. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an altered antetorsion angle of the implant on the hip moments and gait patterns of the patient. For this study, 13 patients with a conventional stem on one side and a calcar-guided short stem implanted on the contralateral side were included. To determine the maximum hip moment, tests were performed on a dynamometer in extension/flexion and adduction/abduction in addition to gait analysis. As a control, a comparison was made with data from a reference group of 30 healthy subjects. Both implants showed similar symmetry indices. There was a significant difference between the implants for adduction moments (p < 0.001). The ratios between the directions of moments showed no significant differences. The joint function measured by isokinetic measurements and gait analysis remains comparable to the healthy control group after short stem arthroplasty, but shows slight changes after conventional stem arthroplasty.
Stability of olfactory behavior syndromes in the Drosophila larva
Authors: Odell Seth R. , Zito Nicholas , Clark David , Mathew Dennis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIndividuals of many animal populations exhibit idiosyncratic behaviors. One measure of idiosyncratic behavior is a behavior syndrome, defined as the stability of one or more behavior traits in an individual across different situations. While behavior syndromes have been described in various animal systems, their properties and the circuit mechanisms that generate them are poorly understood. We thus have an incomplete understanding of how circuit properties influence animal behavior. Here, we characterize olfactory behavior syndromes in the Drosophila larva. We show that larvae exhibit idiosyncrasies in their olfactory behavior over short time scales. They are influenced by the larva’s satiety state and odor environment. Additionally, we identified a group of antennal lobe local neurons that influence the larva’s idiosyncratic behavior. These findings reveal previously unsuspected influences on idiosyncratic behavior. They further affirm the idea that idiosyncrasies are not simply statistical phenomena but manifestations of neural mechanisms. In light of these findings, we discuss more broadly the importance of idiosyncrasies to animal survival and how they might be studied.
Fluctuation-based outlier detection
Authors: Du Xusheng , Zuo Enguang , Chu Zheng , He Zhenzhen , Yu Jiong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOutlier detection is an important topic in machine learning and has been used in a wide range of applications. Outliers are objects that are few in number and deviate from the majority of objects. As a result of these two properties, we show that outliers are susceptible to a mechanism called fluctuation. This article proposes a method called fluctuation-based outlier detection (FBOD) that achieves a low linear time complexity and detects outliers purely based on the concept of fluctuation without employing any distance, density or isolation measure. Fundamentally different from all existing methods. FBOD first converts the Euclidean structure datasets into graphs by using random links, then propagates the feature value according to the connection of the graph. Finally, by comparing the difference between the fluctuation of an object and its neighbors, FBOD determines the object with a larger difference as an outlier. The results of experiments comparing FBOD with eight state-of-the-art algorithms on eight real-worlds tabular datasets and three video datasets show that FBOD outperforms its competitors in the majority of cases and that FBOD has only 5% of the execution time of the fastest algorithm. The experiment codes are available at: https://github.com/FluctuationOD/Fluctuation-based-Outlier-Detection.
Flickering flash signals and mate recognition in the Asian firefly, Aquatica lateralis
Authors: Takatsu Hideo , Minami Mihoko , Oba Yuichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNocturnal fireflies sometimes use intricate bioluminescent signal systems for sexual communication. In this study, we examined flash signals and mate recognition in the Asian firefly, Aquatica lateralis, under natural field conditions. We found that the flash pattern of females changes after copulation, from simple short flashes to flashes with longer duration and flickering. To understand the functions of flickering, we video-recorded and analyzed the flashes of sedentary males, receptive females, and mated females. The results showed that the flashes of these three adult phases can be discriminated from each other by two parameters, flash duration and flicker intensity, with little overlap. Male attraction experiments using an artificial LED device termed ‘e-firefly’ confirmed that flying and sedentary males are attracted to flashes with shorter durations and lower flicker intensities. The range of attraction success was much wider for flying males and narrower for sedentary males, and the latter was close to the range of receptive female’s flashes. These findings suggest that in addition to flash duration, flicker intensity is a flash signal parameter of mate recognition in A. lateralis males.