bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-learning approach for bacteria classification and identification of informative genes of the Bacillus megaterium: tomato roots tissue interaction
Authors: Rodrigues Vânia , Deusdado Sérgio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are bacteria that colonize the plant roots. These beneficial bacteria have an influence on plant development through multiple mechanisms, such as nutrient availability, alleviating biotic and abiotic stress, and secrete phytohormones. Therefore, their inoculation constitutes a powerful tool towards sustainable agriculture and crop production. To understand plant-PGPRs interaction we present the classification of PGPR using machine learning and meta-learning classifiers namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Kernel Logistic Regression (KLR), meta-SVM and meta-KLR to predict the presence of Bacillus megaterium inoculated in tomato root tissues using publicly available transcriptomic data. The original dataset presents 36 significantly differentially expressed genes. As the meta-KLR achieved near-optimal performance considering all the relevant metrics, this meta learner was afterwards used to identify the informative genes (IGs). The outcomes showed 157 IGs, being present all significantly differentially expressed genes previously identified. Among the IGs, 113 were identified as tomato genes, 5 as Bacillus subtilis proteins, 1 as Escherichia coli protein and 6 were unidentified. Then, a functional enrichment analysis of the tomato IGs showed 175 biological processes, 22 molecular functions and 20 KEGG pathways involved in B. megaterium–tomato interaction. Furthermore, the biological networks study of their Arabidopsis thaliana orthologous genes identified the co-expression, predicted interaction, shared protein domains and co-localization networks.
Pflegeunterstützende Maßnahmen durch robotische Systeme
Authors: Langegger Doris , Gnass Irmela 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die demografisch-epidemiologische Entwicklung stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar, da der (zukünftige) Pflegebedarf kaum noch durch informelle und professionelle Pflege gedeckt werden kann. Hierdurch gewinnen robotische Systeme in der pflegerischen Versorgung zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit und Bedeutung.

Ziel
Den aktuellen Stand von Assistenz- und Logistikrobotern, die sich auf den Einsatz in der Pflegepraxis im deutschsprachigen Raum fokussieren, darzulegen.

Methode
Die Ergebnisse einer vorliegenden Literaturrecherche zu robotischen Systemen, in den Datenbanken CINAHL, PubMed® und Cochrane (2016) mit webbasierter Anschlussrecherche, wurden mit dem Fokus auf den deutschsprachigen Raum ergänzt. Die Ergebnisdarstellung erfolgt entlang der Kategorien: Robotername/Akronym, ggf. Projektbezeichnung und -zeitraum, Produktmerkmale, Einsatzbereich, Marktreife und Projektwebsite.

Ergebnisse
Von den neun identifizierten robotischen Systemen haben vier die Marktreife erzielt; drei befinden sich in der Entwicklungsphase, und bei zweien wurde die Entwicklung nicht weiter fortgeführt.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Pflege im deutschsprachigen Raum kann eine Unterstützung bzw. Entlastung in der pflegerischen Versorgung durch den Einsatz von wenigen marktreifen Systemen erfahren.
Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Ethylene: From Mechanistic Understanding to Catalyst Surface Engineering
Authors: Qu Junpeng , Cao Xianjun , Gao Li , Li Jiayi , Li Lu , Xie Yuhan , Zhao Yufei , Zhang Jinqiang , Wu Minghong , Liu Hao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising way to convert CO2 to chemicals. The multicarbon (C2+) products, especially ethylene, are of great interest due to their versatile industrial applications. However, selectively reducing CO2 to ethylene is still challenging as the additional energy required for the C–C coupling step results in large overpotential and many competing products. Nonetheless, mechanistic understanding of the key steps and preferred reaction pathways/conditions, as well as rational design of novel catalysts for ethylene production have been regarded as promising approaches to achieving the highly efficient and selective CO2RR. In this review, we first illustrate the key steps for CO2RR to ethylene (e.g., CO2 adsorption/activation, formation of *CO intermediate, C–C coupling step), offering mechanistic understanding of CO2RR conversion to ethylene. Then the alternative reaction pathways and conditions for the formation of ethylene and competitive products (C1 and other C2+ products) are investigated, guiding the further design and development of preferred conditions for ethylene generation. Engineering strategies of Cu-based catalysts for CO2RR-ethylene are further summarized, and the correlations of reaction mechanism/pathways, engineering strategies and selectivity are elaborated. Finally, major challenges and perspectives in the research area of CO2RR are proposed for future development and practical applications.
Design Factors of High-Speed Turbo-Electric Distributed Propulsion System
Authors: Eqbal Mithun , Marino Matthew , Fernando Nuwantha , Wild Graham 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTurbo-electric Distributed Propulsion (TeDP) is a promising concept to achieve the operational goals of more electric aircraft. The application of TeDP architecture can achieve the desired weight reduction of an aircraft power system. The use of a superconducting machine is expected to provide the workaround for the weight issue, but its current state of technology has not yet been extensively tested for aircraft applications. Another more practical option is to directly couple the aircraft's propeller system to a high-speed permanent magnet (PM) electrical machine, eliminating the gear part that also contributes to the total weight. A critical part of the design for a high-speed PM machine is choosing the optimum magnet configurations. This study used finite element modelling to analyze the impact of scaling the PM’s critical parameters on the weight and machine speed. A prototype testing of a 2-KW high-speed machine, suitable for a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS), was developed and tested. The results confirmed the following critical parameters that should be carefully designed to achieve the optimum output, such as the (a) number of winding turns, (b) stack length, (c) sleeve thickness, and (d) terminal voltage.
Possible connection between solar activity and local seismicity
Authors: Takla Emad M. H. , Samwel Susan W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently, much attention has been paid to the relationship between solar and seismic activities toward earthquake (EQ) prediction. Some researchers believe in the existence of a connection between them; however, others completely refuse the existence of such a connection. In this study, the correlation between solar disturbances and occurrence of EQs during two consecutive solar cycles (SCs) 23 & 24 from 1996 to 2019 was investigated to explore such a relationship. The study was performed on both global and local scales. On a global scale, we studied the temporal variations of EQs number and the corresponding solar activity, represented by sunspot number. On the other hand, we selected several seismic zones characterized with high seismic activities and shallow depth EQs. For each zone we examined the day-to-day variations in the number of EQs and explored the space weather “chain of action” from the Sun to Earth in order to examine whether these events have an influence to increase the number of EQs or not. Results showed that, for the whole global seismicity, no clear correlation is found between EQs occurrence and solar activity, while for small active seismic zones, the connection between them is significant. An increase in the number of shallow EQs in the studied seismic zones is observed in association with the variations of examined space weather indices. Thus, the current study suggests a possible connection between solar activity and localized seismic activities. However, the solar-magnetosphere-lithosphere coupling and interaction during solar events need further study and investigation for a better understanding of their EQ triggering effects.
Non-viral approaches for gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing across the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Xie Ruosen , Wang Yuyuan , Burger Jacobus C. , Li Dongdong , Zhu Min , Gong Shaoqin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe success of brain-targeted gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing hinges on the efficient delivery of biologics bypassing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which presents a significant challenge in the development of treatments for central nervous system disorders. This is particularly the case for nucleic acids and genome editors that are naturally excluded by the BBB and have poor chemical stability in the bloodstream and poor cellular uptake capability, thereby requiring judiciously designed nanovectors administered systemically for intracellular delivery to brain cells such as neurons. To overcome this obstacle, various strategies for bypassing the BBB have been developed in recent years to deliver biologics to the brain via intravenous administration using non-viral vectors. This review summarizes various brain targeting strategies and recent representative reports on brain-targeted non-viral delivery systems that allow gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing via intravenous administration, and highlights ongoing challenges and future perspectives for systemic delivery of biologics to the brain via non-viral vectors.
Ancient Rome and the Modern Italian State
Authors: Sebastiani Alessandro 
Published: July 2023

In this book, Alessandro Sebastiani examines how architecture and urbanism can be used to construct national identity. Using Rome as his case study, he explores how the city was transformed to accommodate different political ideologies in the period from 1870 to the end of World War II. After unification, Rome's classical architecture served as a reference point, guiding transformations of the urban fabric that met contemporary needs but also supported the agenda of the newly-formed Italian state. The advent of fascist state in the 1920s ushered in a different order of ideological placemaking. The monuments of ancient Roman were isolated in order to enhance their structural elegance, a scheme that powerfully conveyed political messages in support of Mussolini's regime. Sebastiani's volume offers a new approach to understanding the sophisticated relationships between archeology, urban planning, and politics within the city of Rome. Moreover, it highlights the consequences of suppressing historical evidence from monuments and archaeological sites.
Strategies to build a positive and inclusive Antarctic field work environment
Authors: Karplus Marianne S. , Young Tun Jan , Anandakrishnan Sridhar , Bassis Jeremy N. , Case Elizabeth H. , Crawford Anna J. , Gold Anne , Henry Leilani , Kingslake Jonathan , Lehrmann Asmara A. , Montaño Patricia A. , Pettit Erin C. , Scambos Ted A. , Sheffield Elizabeth M. , Smith Emma C. , Turrin Margie , Wellner Julia S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo increase inclusivity, diversity, equity and accessibility in Antarctic science, we must build more positive and inclusive Antarctic field work environments. The International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC) has engaged in efforts to contribute to that goal through a variety of activities since 2018, including creating an open-access ‘Field and Ship Best Practices’ guide, engaging in pre-field season team dynamics meetings, and surveying post-field season reflections and experiences. We report specific actions taken by ITGC and their outcomes. We found that strong and supported early career researchers brought new and important perspectives regarding strategies for transforming culture. We discovered that engaged and involved senior leadership was also critical for expanding participation and securing funding to support efforts. Pre-field discussions involving all field team members were particularly helpful for setting expectations, improving sense of belonging, describing field work best practices, and co-creating a positive work culture.
Inequalities of ice loss: a framework for addressing sociocryospheric change
Authors: Carey Mark , Moulton Holly 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCryospheric change occurs in unequal spaces. Societies living near ice are divided by race, class, gender, geography, politics and other factors. Consequently, impacts of ice loss are not shared equally, and everyone experiences cryospheric changes differently. Responsibility for recent ice loss is also driven by a relatively small portion of humanity: those who emit the most greenhouse gases. Additionally, people who study the cryosphere come from institutions and societies where inequality is often systemic, making research on ice and snow a symptom of and contributor to social inequality. To better understand unequal effects of cryospheric change within and across diverse communities, including research communities, this paper focuses on three areas, drawing primarily from glacier-related work: (1) the social context of cryospheric changes; (2) attribution and responsibility for cryospheric changes and (3) imbalances in knowledge about the cryosphere. Addressing these dimensions of ice loss requires transdisciplinary approaches that connect research to societies and link glaciology and other cryospheric sciences with social sciences and humanities. These concepts, cases and suggestions to help address inequalities also reveal that no singular conceptualization of sustainability exists. Different societies, residents and researchers possess distinct understandings of and goals for ‘ice in a sustainable society’.
Social factors in accent recognition: a large-scale study in perceptual dialectology
Authors: Pinget Anne-France , Voeten Cesko C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis perceptual-dialectology study investigates how listener-related social factors impact the geographical recognition of regional accents. In contrast to much prior research on English, our focus is on Dutch, which lends itself well to our study, allowing for notable regional accents within a well-defined standard language. Using a map-based recognition task in which 1,578 listeners placed forty representative speakers on a map based on fragments of their speech, we investigated the regional biases in accent recognition and the extent to which each listener’s awareness of these depends on their familiarity and proximity. Education, geographical knowledge, and distance to listeners’ own regions significantly predicted their accent-recognition accuracy. Moreover, we found a curvilinear age effect, which we interpret in terms of age-related changes in geographical and social mobility. We show how these effects in our design lead to meaningful accent-recognition patterns in groups of listeners.
Future projections for the Antarctic ice sheet until the year 2300 with a climate-index method
Authors: Greve Ralf , Chambers Christopher , Obase Takashi , Saito Fuyuki , Chan Wing-Le , Abe-Ouchi Ayako 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) was devised to assess the likely sea-level-rise contribution from the Earth's ice sheets. Here, we construct an ensemble of climate forcings for Antarctica until the year 2300 based on original ISMIP6 forcings until 2100, combined with climate indices from simulations with the MIROC4m climate model until 2300. We then use these forcings to run simulations for the Antarctic ice sheet with the SICOPOLIS model. For the unabated warming pathway RCP8.5/SSP5-8.5, the ice sheet suffers a severe mass loss, amounting to ~ 1.5 m SLE (sea-level equivalent) for the fourteen-experiment mean, and ~ 3.3 m SLE for the most sensitive experiment. Most of this loss originates from West Antarctica. For the reduced emissions pathway RCP2.6/SSP1-2.6, the loss is limited to a three-experiment mean of ~ 0.16 m SLE. The means are approximately two times larger than what was found in a previous study (Chambers and others, 2022, doi:10.1017/jog.2021.124) that assumed a sustained late-21st-century climate beyond 2100, demonstrating the importance of post-2100 climate trends on Antarctic mass changes in the 22nd and 23rd centuries.
Looking into the border. Whiteness, (un)desirable encounters and research containment at the Spanish–Moroccan border
Authors: Gazzotti Lorena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow is the white researcher perceived by the border apparatus? What does this interaction say about the border itself? Ethnographic research has framed such questions as a debate on ‘insiders’ and ‘outsiders’ in fieldwork. This is problematic, as it assumes that a researcher can really be ‘external’ to the social worlds they investigate, as if the field site existed in isolation from transnational processes of racialised extraction. This paper challenges such an assumption by arguing that the white researcher cannot be an ‘outsider’ to the North African border: they approach it as the beneficiaries of a system of colonial and capital extractivism that feeds itself through migration control. I build on Ahmed's work on white phenomenology to analyse how various border workers perceived, made sense of and reacted to my presence as a white European woman at three different sites on the Spanish–Moroccan border. I argue that the white researcher is an expected presence at the border, as the accumulated history of (post)colonial encounters leads them where others have been before. Although whiteness opens doors, only a certain kind of performed whiteness remains welcome in the borderscape. The white researcher who appears not to be aligning with or supporting the premises of migration control is perceived by border workers as a potentially disruptive presence, and contained in different ways.
The role of speaker sex and sexuality in an ongoing sound change: Nasal vowels in Parisian French
Authors: Mooney Damien 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThis article examines the progression of the counter-clockwise nasal vowel chain shift in Parisian French, investigating in particular the influence of biological sex and of sexuality on the propagation of this change from below. The research presented forms part of a study on the participation of sexual minorities in ongoing sound change; this study aims to address the continued exclusion of sexual minorities from sociolinguistic studies, which not only invisibilizes queer people, but underlines their behaviour, linguistic or otherwise, as gender-deviant. Using a sociophonetic methodology, an analysis of nasal vowel quality provides evidence for sex- and sexuality-differential linguistic behaviour in the advancement of the nasal vowel chain shift. The results confirm the progressive but non-conformative linguistic behaviour of women, both straight and queer, as outlined by Labov (1990) and numerous other sociolinguistic studies, but also indicate that queer men are centre-stage in driving the change forward. This research is a first step in formalizing data-driven principles about the linguistic behaviour of sexual minorities and their role in language change, akin to the principles advanced to account for the behaviour of women.
Remembrances of Rashīd: life-histories as lessons in the Dēōband movement
Authors: Jones Justin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe tazkira, a long-established genre of life-history writing in South Asian literature, was increasingly used over the course of the twentieth century to document the lives and achievements of ‘ulamā (‘learned men’, or scholars of religion). This article explores a foundational work within this genre: ‘Ashīq Ilahī Mīrutī's Tazkira't al-Rashīd (first published in 1908–1910), a life-history of the Dēōbandī scholar and Sūfī shāykh Rashīd Ahmad Gangōhī. It argues that such life-histories of ‘ulamā were written not merely as historical records but as ‘lessons’ to their readers. This article illustrates how the tazkira appropriated Gangōhī's life and teachings to provide an indispensable repository of Dēōbandī understanding on issues such as tarīqah (the Sūfī path), sharī‘ah (religious law), pīrī-murīdī (the master-disciple relationship), religious and social conduct, and relations with the state. The article thus makes a case for understanding the tazkira as an important vehicle for informing and shaping the religious behaviour of a Muslim public, which was employed ultimately by both the Dēōbandī and other Islamic revivalist movements.
Portfolio management for insurers and pension funds and COVID-19: targeting volatility for equity, balanced, and target-date funds with leverage constraints
Authors: Doan Bao , Reeves Jonathan J. , Sherris Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInsurers and pension funds face the challenges of historically low-interest rates and high volatility in equity markets, that have been accentuated due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent advances in equity portfolio management with a target volatility have been shown to deliver improved on average risk-adjusted return, after transaction costs. This paper studies these targeted volatility portfolios in applications to equity, balanced, and target-date funds with varying constraints on leverage. Conservative leverage constraints are particularly relevant to pension funds and insurance companies, with more aggressive leverage levels appropriate for alternative investments. We show substantial improvements in fund performance for differing leverage levels, and of most interest to insurers and pension funds, we show that the highest Sharpe ratios and smallest drawdowns are in targeted volatility-balanced portfolios with equity and bond allocations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the outperformance of targeted volatility portfolios during major stock market crashes, including the crash from the COVID-19 pandemic.