bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A laboratory model of canine search vigilance decrement, I
Authors: Aviles‐Rosa Edgar O. , DeChant Mallory T. , Prada‐Tiedemann Paola A. , Hall Nathaniel J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have found that infrequent targets can reduce dogs' vigilance. The purpose of this study was to develop a laboratory model to evaluate the effects of infrequent targets on dogs' search behavior and performance. Dogs (n = 18) were trained to detect smokeless powder in an automated olfactometer in two distinct rooms (“operational” and “training”). During baseline, the dogs received five daily sessions at a high target odor frequency (90%) in both rooms. Subsequently, the frequency of the target odor was decreased to 10% only in the “operational” room but remained at 90% in the training room. Last, the odor prevalence was returned to 90% in both rooms. All dogs showed a significant decrement in detection performance in the operational room when the target odor frequency was decreased but simultaneusly mantained high performance in the training room. This decrement was largely due to decreases in adequate search behavior. All dogs recovered performance when the odor frequency was increased again to 90%. Trial accuracy was associated with tail position, search score, latency, and duration of environmentally directed behaviors. The data show that low target odor prevalence significantly reduced search behavior and performance and that there are behaviors that can be used by handlers to assess their dog's search state.
MaxCut on permutation graphs is NP‐complete
Authors: de Figueiredo Celina M. H. , de Melo Alexsander A. , Oliveira Fabiano S. , Silva Ana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe decision problem MaxC
ut is known to be NP‐complete since the seventies, but only recently its restriction to interval graphs has been announced to be hard by Adhikary, Bose, Mukherjee, and Roy. Building on their proof, in this paper we prove that the M
axC
ut problem is NP‐complete on permutation graphs. This settles a long‐standing open problem that appeared in the 1985 column of the Ongoing Guide to NP‐completeness by David S. Johnson, and is the first NP‐hardness entry for permutation graphs in such column.
‘Money is what makes you to be called a man.’: The interaction of resource access and gender norms in shaping intimate partner violence in urban slums
Authors: Barnett Jessica Penwell , Maticka‐Tyndale Eleanor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRates of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are higher in urban slums than in other types of human settlements. Although the mitigation of both urban slums and IPVAW fall under the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, there is a paucity of work addressing the interconnection between the two. Using survey and interview data, this study examined how the environment in a Nairobi slum catalyzes IPVAW, elucidating how the slum environment, economic deprivation, cultural norms and women's economic role intersect to exacerbate IPVAW. Evidence indicates the desirability of addressing these connections in development initiatives to address both the slum‐environment and IPVAW.
Assessment of scatter radiation dose received by comforters and carers during digital breast tomosynthesis mammography
Authors: Kostidis Michelle , Varcoe Joshua G , Barnes Peter 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionMammographic imaging can cause considerable stress and anxiety for some patients and may require someone to remain in the room during the procedure to provide both physical and emotional support. As such, these comforters and carers (C&C) are exposed to ionising radiation. Limited evidence is available stating the radiation dose received during a digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) examination. This research aims to determine the optimal standing position for a C&C in the mammography room during a DBT mammogram that results in the lowest radiation dose, whilst providing high‐quality imaging, care and comfort to the patient.MethodsA scatter detector was used to measure the dose at different standing positions of the carer relative to the patient during an examination. A polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom was also used to model the patient's breast and torso for further scatter dose measurements.ResultsThe median air kerma for craniocaudal views posterior to the patient is 0.75 μGy compared with 10.1 μGy to either side. The median air kerma for mediolateral oblique views for posterolateral position is 0.41 μGy compared with 2.6 μGy anterolateral. No significant effect from breast density is noted from the dataset.ConclusionThe optimal position for the C&C to stand is directly behind the patient in the craniocaudal position, and as far as possible posterolateral to the breast being imaged in the mediolateral oblique position. These two positions will result in the least radiation dose to the C&C.
Effectiveness of mRNA and viral‐vector vaccines in epidemic period led by different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yang Wenxing , Huang Feijun , Zhang Kui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe assessed the effectiveness of mRNA and viral‐vector vaccines in epidemic period led by different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases without language restriction for studies published before September 19, 2022. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022335430) and reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Forty studies met the inclusion criteria for this study, with 62 954 861 participants. The overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent COVID‐19 infection was 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–0.78), symptomatic infection was 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.91), hospital admissions was 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.87), and mortality was 0.76 (95% CI 0.48–0.89). Subgroup analysis were performed to characterize the effectiveness of different vaccines. When SARS‐CoV‐2 variants are taking account, the VE decreased along with the variation of the virus by clinical outcomes and vaccine types. The findings of this systematic review provide the best available evidence that BNT162b2, mRNA‐1273, ChAdOx1, and Ad26. COV2.S seems to be approximately effective from predelta to omicron, but only modestly effective in participants aged 65 or older. When SARS‐CoV‐2 variants are taking account, VE decreased along with the variation of the virus for all mRNA and viral‐vector vaccines.
Effect of a parenteral fish‐oil‐containing lipid emulsion on liver lipid perioxidation and antioxidative defenses in Lewis rats
Authors: Oliveira‐Filho Ronaldo Sousa , Torrinhas Raquel Susana , Tesser Alweyd , Sampaio Geni R. , Torres Elizabeth , Garla Priscila Casarin , Waitzberg Dan Linetzky 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), naturally abundant in fish oil (FO), are known for their anti‐inflammatory and potential antioxidant properties. The aim in this article is to evaluate the effect of the infusion of a parenteral FO‐containing lipid emulsion on markers of liver lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in rats undergoing central venous catheterization (CVC).MethodsAfter 5‐day acclimatization, adult Lewis rats (n = 42) receiving a 20‐g/day AIN‐93M oral diet were randomly subdivided into four groups: (1) basal control (BC) (n = 6), without CVC or LE infusion; (2) SHAM (n = 12), with CVC but without LE infusion; (3) soybean oil (SO)/medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) (n = 12), with CVC and receiving LE without FO (4.3 g/kg fat); and (4) SO/MCT/FO (n = 12), with CVC and receiving LE containing 10% FO (4.3 g/kg fat). Animals from the BC group were euthanized immediately after acclimatization. The remaining groups of animals were euthanized after 48 or 72 h of surgical follow‐up to assess profiles of liver and plasma fatty acids by gas chromatography, liver gene transcription factor Nrf2, F2‐isoprostane lipid peroxidation biomarker, and the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. R program (version 3.2.2) was utilized for data analysis.ResultsCompared with the other groups, liver EPA and DHA levels were higher in the SO/MCT/FO group, which also showed the highest liver Nrf2, GPx, SOD, and CAT levels and lower liver F2‐isoprostane (P < 0.05).ConclusionExperimental delivery of FO via EPA and DHA sources in a parenteral LE was associated with a liver antioxidant effect.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with gastroparesis using enteral and/or exclusive parenteral nutrition
Authors: Parkman Henry P. , Blackford Amanda L. , Murray Helen Burton , Yates Katherine P. , Grover Madhusudan , Malik Zubair , Schey Ron , Bulat Robert S. , Koch Kenneth L. , Sarosiek Irene , Kuo Braden , Shulman Robert J. , Chumpitazi Bruno P. , Farrugia Gianrico , Miriel Laura , Tonascia James , Hamilton Frank , Pasricha Pankaj J. , McCallum Richard W. , Abell Thomas L. ,   NIDDK Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with gastroparesis (Gp) may need enteral nutrition (EN) or exclusive parenteral nutrition (PN). Among patients with Gp, we aimed to (1) identify the frequency of EN and exclusive PN use and (2) explore characteristics of patients using EN and/or exclusive PN compared with those using oral nutrition (ON), including changes over 48 weeks.MethodsPatients with Gp underwent history and physical examination, gastric emptying scintigraphy, water load satiety testing (WLST), and questionnaires assessing gastrointestinal symptoms and quality of life (QOL). Patients were observed 48 weeks.ResultsOf 971 patients with Gp (idiopathic, 579; diabetic, 336; post–Nissen fundoplication, 51), 939 (96.7%) were using ON only, 14 (1.4%) using exclusive PN, and 18 (1.9%) using EN. Compared with patients receiving ON, patients receiving exclusive PN and/or EN were younger, had lower body mass index, and had greater symptom severity. Patients receiving exclusive PN and/or EN had lower physical QOL but not mental QOL or Gp‐related QOL scores. Patients receiving exclusive PN and/or EN ingested less water during WLST but did not have worse gastric emptying. Of those who had been receiving exclusive PN and/or EN, 50% and 25%, respectively, resumed ON at 48‐week follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study describes patients with Gp requiring exclusive PN and/or EN for nutrition support, who represent a small (3.3%) but important subset of patients with Gp. Unique clinical and physiological parameters are associated with this subset and provide insight into the use of nutrition support in Gp.
Synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid‐enriched medium‐ and long‐chain triglyceride by lipase‐catalyzed transesterification: a novel strategy for clinical nutrition intervention
Authors: Wang Yandan , Wei Wei , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been recognized as a promising nutrient to improve therapeutic efficacy for cancer patients. Nevertheless, there are certain limitations to the application of EPA due to its structural characteristics. To maximize the nutritive value of EPA, a type of medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) enriched with EPA was designed and synthesized using the lipase‐catalyzed transesterification of medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) and EPA‐enriched fish oil (FO).RESULTSThe optimum synthesis conditions for EPA‐enriched MLCT used Lipozyme RM as catalyst, and had a substrate mass ratio (MCT/EPA‐enriched FO) of 3:1, lipase loading of 80 g kg−1, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and a reaction time of 6 h. The MLCT content was as high as 80.79% after the transesterification reaction and the purification, and the content of MLCT containing EPA accounted for 70.21%. The distribution of EPA at the sn‐2 position showed a significant increase in MLCT compared with the original substrate, from 18.89% to 26.93%. The in vitro digestion results demonstrated that MLCT had a significantly higher EPA bioaccessibility than the original substrate.CONCLUSIONEicosapentaenoic acid‐enriched MLCT was developed. This may provide a novel strategy for clinical nutritional intervention. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification and quantification of nine compounds in Fangwen Jiuwei decoction by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhu Jing , Yang Yang , Xin Ling‐Yi , Wan Shi‐Yu , He Na , Wang Hang‐Tian , Chen Xi‐Yu , Mei Quan‐Xi , Feng Guang‐Jun , Chen Qin‐Hua , Yang Guang‐Yi 
Published: March 2023

Fangwen Jiuwei Decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment of pneumonia developed by Shenzhen Bao'an Chinese Medicine Hospital, which shows remarkable clinical responses. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the main active compounds are crucial for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine prescription in clinical application. In this study, we identified nine active compounds essential for the pharmacological effects of Fangwen Jiuwei Decoction based on the analysis of the Network Pharmacology and relevant literature. Moreover, these compounds can interact with several crucial drug targets in pneumonia based on molecular docking. We applied high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was established these nine active ingredients’ qualitative and quantitative detections. The possible cleavage pathways of nine active components were determined based on secondary ions mass spectrometry. The results of high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were further validated, which show a satisfactory correlation coefficient (r > 0.99), recovery rate (≥93.31%), repeatability rate (≤5.62%), stability (≤7.95%), intra‐day precision (≤6.68%), and inter‐day precision (≤9.78%). The limit of detection was as low as 0.01 ng/ml. In this study, we established a high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the chemical components in the Fangwen Jiuwei Decoction extract.
Tautomerization reactions of thiobarbituric acid: A detailed kinetic study using combined canonical variational transition state theory and QTAIM approach
Authors: Fatahiyan Leila , Taghva Manesh Afshin , Masnabadi Nasrin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe kinetics of tautomerization reactions of thiobarbituric acid were thoroughly investigated at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(3df,2p) level of theory and elevated temperatures from 260 to 1000 K. The kinetic parameters were determined by employing canonical variational transition state theory (CVT). The quantum tunneling effect was included by centrifugal‐dominant small‐curvature semiclassical adiabatic ground‐state approximation method. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) analysis was performed to certify a unique connection from an obtained transition state configuration to optimized structures of reactant and products. The reaction forces and reaction force constants were computed across the IRC of each reaction. Then, using extremums of reaction forces, each reaction was partitioned into three stages containing reactant, transition state, and product stages. The extent of reactions was followed along with three reaction stages. The dependence of kinetic parameters and curvature of Arrhenius plots on temperature were investigated and discussed in the framework of CVT. To further unveil the mechanism of the reactions, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules was employed. To do this aim, QTAIM descriptors on the bond critical point (BCP) of involved bonds including the density of electrons, Laplacian of the density of electrons, Lagrangian kinetic energy, potential energy, and energy density were computed and surveyed along with reaction extent through IRC.
Effects of sodium persulfate and hydrogen peroxide on imidazolium ionic liquid degradation by simulated solar light in aqueous ZnO suspension
Authors: Boutiti Ameur , Zouaghi Razika , Guittonneau Sylvie , Sehili Tahar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe degradation of an ionic liquid: hexyl methyl imidazolium chloride (HMImCl) in the systems of simulated solar light/ZnO and simulated solar light/ZnO/oxidant (i.e., H2O2 and S2O82−) were investigated in aqueous solution. The influences of different variables such as catalyst concentration, hydrogen peroxide, and persulfate dosage on HMImCl photocatalytic degradation were determined. It was found that the adsorption of HMImCl on the catalyst surface was insignificant. The photocatalytic degradation of HMImCl followed pseudo first‐order kinetics, and the rate constant at natural pH (pH 7.2) was 11.8 × 10−2 min−1. The addition of hydrogen peroxide to the process not only does not enhance the degradation rate of HMImCl but also decreases kapp significantly with [HMImCl] = 3×10−5 mol L−1, oxidant concentration (in the range of 5 × 10−5–10−1 mol L−1), and catalyst concentration of 1 g L−1. The results elucidated that the use of Na2S2O8 (in the range of 10−4–10−2 mol L−1) strongly enhances the degradation rate of HMImCl compared with photocatalytic process of the catalyst.
Ultrahigh Quality Microlasers from Controlled Self‐Assembly of Ultrathin Colloidal Semiconductor Quantum Wells
Authors: Thung Yi Tian , Duan Rui , Durmusoglu Emek G. , He Yichen , Xiao Lian , Lee Calvin Xiu Xian , Lew Wen Siang , Zhang Lin , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Sun Handong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractColloidal quantum wells (CQWs) have emerged as a promising class of gain material in various optical feedback configurations. This is due to their unique excitonic features arising from their 1D quantum confinement. However, existing methods for integrating CQW onto microresonators will cause low laser quality due to uneven CQW coating. To overcome this, the use of liquid‐interface kinetically driven self‐assembly is proposed to coat ultrathin, close‐packed layers of colloidal CdSe/Cd1−xZnxS core/shell CQWs between 7 and 14 nm onto the surface of silica microsphere cavities. The fabricated CQW‐whispering‐gallery‐mode microlasers possess a commendable high quality (Q) factor of 13 000 at room temperature. Stable single‐mode lasing output is demonstrated through evanescent field coupling between a CQW‐coated microsphere and a thin uncoated microfiber in a 2D‐3D microcavity configuration. These promising results highlight the suitability of the liquid‐interface kinetically driven self‐assembly method for realizing ultrathin CQW‐coated microlasers and its high compatibility for integrating colloidal nanocrystals onto complex 3D microstructures for future miniaturized colloidal optoelectronic and photonic applications.
Stiffness‐Tunable Hydrogel‐Sandwich Culture Modulates the YAP‐Mediated Mechanoresponse in Induced‐Pluripotent Stem Cell Embryoid Bodies and Augments Cardiomyocyte Differentiation
Authors: Nattasit Praphawi , Niibe Kunimichi , Yamada Masahiro , Ohori‐Morita Yumi , Limraksasin Phoonsuk , Tiskratok Watcharaphol , Yamamoto Masaya , Egusa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroenvironmental factors, including substrate stiffness, regulate stem cell behavior and differentiation. However, the effects of substrate stiffness on the behavior of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐ derived embryoid bodies (EB) remain unclear. To investigate the effects of mechanical cues on iPSC‐EB differentiation, a 3D hydrogel‐sandwich culture (HGSC) system is developed that controls the microenvironment surrounding iPSC‐EBs using a stiffness‐tunable polyacrylamide hydrogel assembly. Mouse iPSC‐EBs are seeded between upper and lower polyacrylamide hydrogels of differing stiffness (Young's modulus [E’] = 54.3 ± 7.1 kPa [hard], 28.1 ± 2.3 kPa [moderate], and 5.1 ± 0.1 kPa [soft]) and cultured for 2 days. HGSC induces stiffness‐dependent activation of the yes‐associated protein (YAP) mechanotransducer and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in the iPSC‐EBs. Moreover, moderate‐stiffness HGSC specifically upregulates the mRNA and protein expression of ectoderm and mesoderm lineage differentiation markers in iPSC‐EBs via YAP‐mediated mechanotransduction. Pretreatment of mouse iPSC‐EBs with moderate‐stiffness HGSC promotes cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation and structural maturation of myofibrils. The proposed HGSC system provides a viable platform for investigating the role of mechanical cues on the pluripotency and differentiation of iPSCs that can be beneficial for research into tissue regeneration and engineering.
High Ion Conducting Dobule Network Crosslinked Gel Polymer Electrolytes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Lee Sangyeop , Choi U Hyeok 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs the demand for electrical energy storage devices increases, various electrolytes are being studied. In particular, gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with excellent physical properties can improve safety and cycle life, so attempts are underway to replace organic liquid electrolytes facing fire or explosion issues. However, the intrinsic poor electrochemical properties of GPEs limit their commercialization in all‐solid‐state energy storage devices. In an attempt to solve this problem, epoxy/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based double network electrolytes (DNEs) containing a mixture of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIMTFSI) are designed to enhance the electrochemical properties of traditional single network electrolytes (SNEs). The synthesized epoxy/PEG‐based DNE has higher mechanical strength (G′ = 1.7 MPa) with outstanding ionic conductivity (σDC ≈ 5.8 × 10−4 S cm−1) at room temperature, compared to the epoxy‐based SNE. Then, an all‐solid‐state supercapacitor based on the DNE and activated carbon electrodes exhibits higher specific capacitance (≈153 F g−1) and power density (833 W kg−1), compared to the SNE‐based supercapacitor.