bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience of swine nasal microbiota to influenza A virus challenge in a longitudinal study
Authors: Hau Samantha J. , Nielsen Daniel W. , Mou Kathy T. , Alt David P. , Kellner Steven , Brockmeier Susan L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInfluenza A virus (IAV) is an important contributing pathogen of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) infections. Evidence in humans has shown that IAV can disturb the nasal microbiota and increase host susceptibility to bacterial secondary infections. Few, small-scale studies have examined the impact of IAV infection on the swine nasal microbiota. To better understand the effects of IAV infection on the nasal microbiota and its potential indirect impacts on the respiratory health of the host, a larger, longitudinal study was undertaken to characterize the diversity and community composition of the nasal microbiota of pigs challenged with an H3N2 IAV. The microbiome of challenged pigs was compared with non-challenged animals over a 6-week period using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis workflows to characterize the microbiota. Minimal changes to microbial diversity and community structure were seen between the IAV infected and control animals the first 10 days post-IAV infection. However, on days 14 and 21, the microbial populations were significantly different between the two groups. Compared to the control, there were several genera showing significant increases in abundance in the IAV group during acute infection, such asActinobacillusandStreptococcus. The results here highlight areas for future investigation, including the implications of these changes post-infection on host susceptibility to secondary bacterial respiratory infections.
A high-accuracy and low-energy range-free localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Cui Huanqing , Wang Sen , Zhou Chuanai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs the backbone of the Internet of Things, wireless sensor networks are widely applied to perceive the physical world. Most applications need to associate perception information with a position to generate physical significance. This paper proposes WRCDV-Hop, which has quadruple improvements of the well-known DV-Hop. First, the hop count between a pair of sensor nodes is measured as a continuous value rather than a discrete value. Second, the unknown nodes calculate the average distance per hop by the weighted method. Third, each sensor node only records and relays limited but sufficient beacons of the anchors. Fourth, the unknown nodes apply the whale optimization algorithm to estimate positions. The first two improvements ensure that the distance estimation between a pair of sensor nodes is highly accurate, and the third improvement reduces the energy consumption. The last improvement makes the position estimation more precise. The simulation results show that WRCDV-Hop performs well in terms of localization accuracy and energy consumption.
Approximation of G-variational inequality problems and fixed-point problems of G-κ-strictly pseudocontractive mappings by an intermixed method endowed with a graph
Authors: Sripattanet Anchalee , Kangtunyakarn Atid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we first study G-κ-strictly pseudocontractive mappings and we establish a strong convergence theorem for finding the fixed points of two G-κ-strictly pseudocontractive mappings, two G-nonexpansive mappings, and two G-variational inequality problems in a Hilbert space endowed with a directed graph without the Property G. Moreover, we prove an interesting result involving the set of fixed points of a G-κ-strictly pseudocontractive and G-variational inequality problem and if Λ is a G-κ-strictly pseudocontractive mapping, then $I-\Lambda $
I
−
Λ
is a $G-\frac{(1-\kappa )}{2}$
G
−

(
1
−
κ
)

2

-inverse strongly monotone mapping, shown in Lemma 3.3. In support of our main result, some examples are also presented.
Cecal microbiota transplantation: unique influence of cecal microbiota from divergently selected inbred donor lines on cecal microbial profile, serotonergic activity, and aggressive behavior of recipient chickens
Authors: Fu Yuechi , Hu Jiaying , Erasmus Marisa A. , Zhang Huanmin , Johnson Timothy A. , Cheng Hengwei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence from human trials and rodent studies has indicated that modulation of gut microbiota affects host physiological homeostasis and behavioral characteristics. Similarly, alterations in gut microbiota could be a feasible strategy for reducing aggressive behavior and improving health in chickens. The study was conducted to determine the effects of early-life cecal microbiota transplantation (CMT) on cecal microbial composition, brain serotonergic activity, and aggressive behavior of recipient chickens.

Methods
Chicken lines 63 and 72 with nonaggressive and aggressive behavior, respectively, were used as donors and a commercial strain Dekalb XL was used as recipients for CMT. Eighty-four 1-d-old male chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments with 7 cages per treatment and 4 chickens per cage (n = 7): saline (control, CTRL), cecal solution of line 63 (63-CMT), and cecal solution of line 72 (72-CMT). Transplantation was conducted via oral gavage once daily from d 1 to 10, and then boosted once weekly from week 3 to 5. At weeks 5 and 16, home-cage behavior was recorded, and chickens with similar body weights were assigned to paired aggression tests between the treatments. Samples of blood, brain, and cecal content were collected from the post-tested chickens to detect CMT-induced biological and microbiota changes.

Results
63-CMT chickens displayed less aggressive behavior with a higher hypothalamic serotonergic activity at week 5. Correspondingly, two amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to Lachnospiraceae and one Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 ASV were positively correlated with the levels of brain tryptophan and serotonin, respectively. 72-CMT chickens had lower levels of brain norepinephrine and dopamine at week 5 with higher levels of plasma serotonin and tryptophan at week 16. ASVs belonging to Mollicutes RF39 and GCA-900066225 in 72-CMT chickens were negatively correlated with the brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) at week 5, and one Bacteroides ASV was negatively correlated with plasma serotonin at week 16.

Conclusion
Results indicate that CMT at an early age could regulate aggressive behavior via modulating the cecal microbial composition, together with central serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems in recipient chickens. The selected CMT could be a novel strategy for reducing aggressive behavior through regulating signaling along the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
Maternal Western diet mediates susceptibility of offspring to Crohn’s-like colitis by deoxycholate generation
Authors: Huang Chongyang , Tan Huishi , Song Mengyao , Liu Ke , Liu Hongbin , Wang Jun , Shi Yanqiang , Hou Fengyi , Zhou Qian , Huang Ruo , Shen Binghai , Lin Xinlong , Qin Xiaoming , Zhi Fachao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The Western dietary pattern, characterized by high consumption of fats and sugars, has been strongly associated with an increased risk of developing Crohn’s disease (CD). However, the potential impact of maternal obesity or prenatal exposure to a Western diet on offspring’s susceptibility to CD remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of a maternal high-fat/high-sugar Western-style diet (WD) on offspring’s susceptibility to 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced Crohn’s-like colitis.

Methods
Maternal dams were fed either a WD or a normal control diet (ND) for eight weeks prior to mating and continued throughout gestation and lactation. Post-weaning, the offspring were subjected to WD and ND to create four groups: ND-born offspring fed a normal diet (N–N) or Western diet (N-W), and WD-born offspring fed a normal (W–N) or Western diet (W-W). At eight weeks of age, they were administered TNBS to induce a CD model.

Results
Our findings revealed that the W–N group exhibited more severe intestinal inflammation than the N–N group, as demonstrated by a lower survival rate, increased weight loss, and a shorter colon length. The W–N group displayed a significant increase in Bacteroidetes, which was accompanied by an accumulation of deoxycholic acid (DCA). Further experimentation confirmed an increased generation of DCA in mice colonized with gut microbes from the W–N group. Moreover, DCA administration aggravated TNBS-induced colitis by promoting Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and IL-1beta (IL-1β) production in macrophages. Importantly, the deletion of GSDMD effectively restrains the effect of DCA on TNBS-induced colitis.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that a maternal Western-style diet can alter gut microbiota composition and bile acid metabolism in mouse offspring, leading to an increased susceptibility to CD-like colitis. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the long-term consequences of maternal diet on offspring health and may have implications for the prevention and management of Crohn’s disease.
Three-dimensional analysis of human pancreatic cancer specimens by phase-contrast based X-ray tomography – the next dimension of diagnosis
Authors: Pinkert-Leetsch Diana , Frohn Jasper , Ströbel Philipp , Alves Frauke , Salditt Tim , Missbach-Guentner Jeannine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The worldwide increase of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which still has one of the lowest survival rates, requires novel imaging tools to improve early detection and to refine diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography of already paraffin-embedded and unlabeled human pancreatic tumor tissue to achieve a detailed three-dimensional (3D) view of the tumor sample in its entirety.

Methods
Punch biopsies of areas of particular interest were taken from paraffin blocks after initial histological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin stained tumor sections. To cover the entire 3.5 mm diameter of the punch biopsy, nine individual tomograms with overlapping regions were acquired in a synchrotron parallel beam configuration and stitched together after data reconstruction. Due to the intrinsic contrast based on electron density differences of tissue components and a voxel size of 1.3 μm achieved PDAC and its precursors were clearly identified.

Results
Characteristic tissue structures for PDAC and its precursors, such as dilated pancreatic ducts, altered ductal epithelium, diffuse immune cell infiltrations, increased occurrence of tumor stroma and perineural invasion were clearly identified. Certain structures of interest were visualized in three dimensions throughout the tissue punch. Pancreatic duct ectasia of different caliber and atypical shape as well as perineural infiltration could be contiguously traced by viewing serial tomographic slices and by applying semi-automatic segmentation. Histological validation of corresponding sections confirmed the former identified PDAC features.

Conclusion
In conclusion, virtual 3D histology via phase-contrast X-ray tomography visualizes diagnostically relevant tissue structures of PDAC in their entirety, preserving tissue integrity in label-free, paraffin embedded tissue biopsies. In the future, this will not only enable a more comprehensive diagnosis but also a possible identification of new 3D imaging tumor markers.
Global tracking of access and quality in early childhood care and education
Authors: Raikes Abbie , Rao Nirmala , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Cohrssen Caroline , Behrman Jere , Cappa Claudia , Devercelli Amanda , Lopez Boo Florencia , McCoy Dana , Richter Linda ,   the UKRI GCRF Harnessing the power of global data to support young children’s learning and development research group
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvestments in early childhood care and education (ECCE) have contributed to a growing demand for internationally comparable data. Yet data on access to quality ECCE are not routinely collected in many countries, leading to limited information on equitable access to ECCE, quality of provision, and the impact on learning and wellbeing outcomes. This paper outlines the current status of global measurement of access to quality ECCE and identifies issues with definitions, availability, and accuracy of ECCE data across countries and outlines paths forward. We argue that estimates of access to ECCE should be based on children’s participation in quality ECCE across multiple program types, rather than enrollment or attendance alone, given the critical importance of dosage and participation for ensuring positive benefits from ECCE. Governments, international organizations, and researchers all have roles to play in setting standards to define and monitor ECCE, generating workable tools for measuring nationally, and globally investing in national monitoring systems and routine household surveys to obtain accurate estimates of access to quality ECCE.
Benefits of maternally-administered infant massage for mothers of hospitalized preterm infants: a scoping review
Authors: McCarty Dana B. , Willett Sandra , Kimmel Mary , Dusing Stacey C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Infant massage (IM) is a well-studied, safe intervention known to benefit infants born preterm. Less is known about the benefits of maternally-administrated infant massage for mothers of preterm infants who often experience increased rates of anxiety and depression in their infants’ first year of life. This scoping review summarizes the extent, nature, and type of evidence linking IM and parent-centered outcomes.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) protocol was followed using three databases: PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. Thirteen manuscripts evaluating 11 separate study cohorts met pre-specified inclusion criteria.

Results
Six primary topics related to the influence of infant massage on parent outcomes emerged: 1) anxiety, 2) perceived stress, 3) depressive symptoms, 4) maternal-infant interaction, 5) maternal satisfaction, and 6) maternal competence. Emerging evidence supports that infant massage, when administered by mothers, benefits mothers of preterm infants by reducing anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms and improving maternal-infant interactions in the short-term, but there is limited evidence to support its effectiveness on these outcomes in longer periods of follow-up. Based on effect size calculations in small study cohorts, maternally-administered IM may have a moderate to large effect size on maternal perceived stress and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
Maternally-administered IM may benefit mothers of preterm infants by reducing anxiety, stress, depressive symptoms, and by improving maternal-infant interactions in the short-term. Additional research with larger cohorts and robust design is needed to understand the potential relationship between IM and parental outcomes.
Gender differences in peer reviewed grant applications, awards, and amounts: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schmaling Karen B. , Gallo Stephen A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Differential participation and success in grant applications may contribute to women’s lesser representation in the sciences. This study’s objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to address the question of gender differences in grant award acceptance rates and reapplication award acceptance rates (potential bias in peer review outcomes) and other grant outcomes.

Methods
The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021232153) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 standards. We searched Academic Search Complete, PubMed, and Web of Science for the timeframe 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2020, and forward and backward citations. Studies were included that reported data, by gender, on any of the following: grant applications or reapplications, awards, award amounts, award acceptance rates, or reapplication award acceptance rates. Studies that duplicated data reported in another study were excluded. Gender differences were investigated by meta-analyses and generalized linear mixed models. Doi plots and LFK indices were used to assess reporting bias.

Results
The searches identified 199 records, of which 13 were eligible. An additional 42 sources from forward and backward searches were eligible, for a total of 55 sources with data on one or more outcomes. The data from these studies ranged from 1975 to 2020: 49 sources were published papers and six were funders’ reports (the latter were identified by forwards and backwards searches). Twenty-nine studies reported person-level data, 25 reported application-level data, and one study reported both: person-level data were used in analyses. Award acceptance rates were 1% higher for men, which was not significantly different from women (95% CI 3% more for men to 1% more for women, k = 36, n = 303,795 awards and 1,277,442 applications, I2 = 84%). Reapplication award acceptance rates were significantly higher for men (9%, 95% CI 18% to 1%, k = 7, n = 7319 applications and 3324 awards, I2 = 63%). Women received smaller award amounts (g = -2.28, 95% CI -4.92 to 0.36, k = 13, n = 212,935, I2 = 100%).

Conclusions
The proportions of women that applied for grants, re-applied, accepted awards, and accepted awards after reapplication were less than the proportion of eligible women. However, the award acceptance rate was similar for women and men, implying no gender bias in this peer reviewed grant outcome. Women received smaller awards and fewer awards after re-applying, which may negatively affect continued scientific productivity. Greater transparency is needed to monitor and verify these data globally.
Handling mode and polarization in fiber by fs-laser inscribed (de)multiplexer and silicon switch array
Authors: Li Kang , Yang Min , Cai Chengkun , Cao Xiaoping , Yan Guofeng , Wu Guangze , Wan Yuanjian , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe emergence of dynamic optical switching has opened up new perspectives for lightening the ever growing load on the electrical switches and routers, to meet the increasing demand on high-speed and flexible data processing and management in fiber-optic communications. Despite diversity schemes of optical switching in the single-mode regime, multi-mode switching of the hybrid fiber and chip system enabled by photonic integrated circuits, especially for the fiber-chip-fiber system, is still an outstanding challenge. Here, we propose and demonstrate the mode and polarization transmission and switching fiber-chip-fiber system with few-mode fibers (FMFs), including the FMF links for mode- and polarization-division multiplexing data transmission, the femtosecond (fs)-laser inscribed 3-dimensional (3D) photonic lantern silica chip for (de)multiplexing and coupling between FMFs and chip, and the topology-optimized N × N non-blocking 2-dimensional (2D) silicon switch array chip for switching and routing. Using 30-Gbaud quadrature phase-shift keying signals on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) channels, the WDM-compatible hybrid mode/polarization transmission, switching and routing system with FMFs, fs-laser inscribed silica (de)multiplexing chip and silicon switch array chip are demonstrated in the experiment with favorable operation performance. The demonstration may open the door for developing robust multi-dimensional optical data processing in fiber-optic communication systems with versatile fibers and chips.
Comparable detection of nasopharyngeal swabs and induced sputum specimens for viral nucleic acid detection of suspected novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) patients in Fayoum governorate, Egypt
Authors: Ali Doaa Y. , Hussein Rasha A. , ELshafie Shahira Morsy , Mohamed Reem Amgad , Abd El Reheem Fadwa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The most commonly utilized samples for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) are nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and oropharyngeal swabs. However, there are some drawbacks. For SARS-CoV-2 detection, induced sputum might be analyzed and may be equivalent to pharyngeal swabs. This study was done to assess the potential superiority of induced sputum over NPS for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Sixty symptomatic COVID-19 patients who attended Fayoum University Hospitals in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Paired NPS and induced sputum samples were collected from each subject on the third and tenth days after symptoms began for RT-qPCR SARS-COV2 diagnosis.

Results
At day 3, 52 (86.7%) of NPS and 48 (80.00%) of induced sputum specimens had positive RT-qPCR results with a significant statistical difference (P = 0.001). At day 10, 41 induced sputum samples (68.3%) were negative, while 19 (31.7%) were positive. Only three (5.0%) of the 19 positive induced sputum samples tested positive for NPS. NPS samples had a higher viral load than induced sputum samples at day 3 [25 (41.7%) vs. 23 (38.3%)]. At day 10, induced sputum samples had a higher viral load than NPS [9 (15.0%) vs. 6 (10.0%)]. A statistically significant positive correlation between the viral load value of the NPS and the induced sputum sample at day 3 (r = 0.497, p = 0.00) denoting similarity in the results of the two types of samples. By ROC analysis, the highest area under the curve for the overall CT value of the induced sputum was (0.604), with a statistically significant difference (p value = 0.0418).

Conclusion
In the early stages of the disease, induced sputum and NPS tests had comparable results, but NPS yielded more false negative results later in the disease course than an induced sputum sample, which yielded higher sample positivity and viral load than NPS. Furthermore, induced sputum collection is a straightforward, non-invasive, and risk-free method. As a result, induced sputum could be useful for COVID-19 confirmation in patients with radiologically or epidemiologically suspected COVID-19 who have a negative NPS or in difficult-to-diagnose COVID-19 patients.