bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Synthesis of Natural Product Inspired Naphthoquinone-Fused Glycohybrids and Their In Silico Docking Studies
Authors: Sagar Ram , Khanna Ashish , Tiwari Ghanshyam , Mishra Vinay Kumar , Singh Kavita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNaphthoquinones, a diverse group of natural compounds with a 1,4-naphthoquinone core structure, have gained attention for their pharmacological properties. The anticancer activity of these compounds is attributed to their ability to accept electrons, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species that cause DNA damage and cell death. In recent studies, hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives, including daunorubicin, have shown promising inhibitory effects against several human cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and Kaposi’s sarcoma. To further explore their potential as anticancer agents, this research article focuses on the design and synthesis of natural product inspired naphthoquinone-based glycohybrids. These glycohybrids are designed based on the structures of bioactive aryl glycosides and quinones, aiming to enhance their binding affinity and specificity towards cancer-related protein targets. The interactions between the synthesized glycohybrids and target proteins through computational docking simulations has been studied and better binding affinity was found.
Divide-and-conquer DNN approach for the inverse point source problem using a few single frequency measurements
Authors: Du Hang , Li Zhaoxing , Liu Juan , Liu Yanfang , Sun Jiguang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We consider the inverse problem to determine the number and locations of acoustic point sources from single low-frequency partial data. The problem is particularly challenging in the sense that the data is available only at a few locations which span a small aperture. Integrating the deep neural networks (DNNs) and Bayesian inversion, we propose a divide-and-conquer approach by dividing the inverse problem into three subproblems. The first subproblem is to determine the number of point sources, which is formulated as a common machine learning task—classification. A simple DNN is proposed and trained to predict the numbers of the point sources. The second subproblem is to reconstruct the (approximate) locations of the point sources. We formulate the problem as a nonlinear function with the input being the measured data and the output being a carefully elaborated location vector. Then a second DNN is proposed to learn the mapping and predict the location vector effectively. The location vector is post-processed to provide an indicator (image) function for the (approximate) locations of the point sources. The third subproblem is to improve the accuracy of the location prediction, for which we employ a Bayesian inversion algorithm. This divide-and-conquer approach can effectively treat both phase and phaseless data as demonstrated by various examples.
Absorption of hybrid fibre modes by Cs atoms in quadrupole transitions
Authors: Bougouffa S , Babiker M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We evaluate the rate of the absorption of an optical nanofibre mode by a Cs atom in an electric quadrupole transition. With the Cs atom localised near the outer surface of the optical nano-fibre, an interaction occurs between the atomic quadrupole tensor components and the gradients of the vector components of the electric field of a hybrid fibre mode. The absorption rate is evaluated as a function of the radial position of the atom from the fibre axis, assuming a specific value of the laser power and we use experimentally accessible parameters. We find that the absorption of the hybrid modes by the Cs atom decreases as the atom recedes away from the fibre axis and it formally vanishes at sufficiently large radial distances. Close to the fibre, however, the absorption rate for the input power chosen can be two orders of magnitude larger than the quadrupole de-excitation rate despite the moderate power used.
Tuning the electron–phonon interaction via exploring the interrelation between Urbach energy and fano-type asymmetric raman line shape in GO-hBN nanocomposites
Authors: Yadav Vidyotma , Mohanty Tanuja 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), having an in-plane hexagonal structure in the sp2 arrangement of atoms, proclaims structural similarity with graphene with only a small lattice mismatch. Despite having nearly identical atomic arrangements and exhibiting almost identical properties, the electronic structures of the two materials are fundamentally different. Considering the aforementioned condition, a new hybrid material with enhanced properties can be evolved by combining both materials. This experiment involves liquid phase exfoliation of hBN and two-dimensional nanocomposites of GO-hBN with varying hBN and graphene oxide (GO) ratios. The optical and vibrational studies conducted using UV–vis absorption and Raman spectroscopic analysis report the tuning of electron–phonon interaction (EPI) in the GO-hBN nanocomposite as a function of GO content (%). This interaction depends on disorder-induced electronic and vibrational modifications addressed by Urbach energy (E

u
) and asymmetry parameter (q), respectively. The EPI contribution to the induced disorders estimated from UV–vis absorption spectra is represented as EPI strength (E

e–p
) and its impact observed in Raman phonon modes is quantified as an asymmetry parameter (q). The inverse of the asymmetry parameter is related to E

e–p
, as E

e–p
∼ 1/|q|. Here in this article, a linear relationship has been established between E

u
and the proportional parameter (k), where k is determined as the ratio of the intensity of specific Raman mode (I) and q
2, explaining the disorders’ effect on Raman line shape. Thus a correlation between Urbach energy and the asymmetry parameter of Raman mode confirms the tuning of EPI with GO content (%) in GO-hBN nanocomposite.
Self-cleaning cellulose acetate/crystalline nanocellulose/polyvinylidene fluoride/Mg0.975Ni0.025SiO3 membrane for removal of diclofenac sodium and methylene blue dye in water
Authors: García-Ramírez P , Diaz-Torres L A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recalcitrant pollutants present in wastewater, without an effective treatment, have several effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health due to their chemical structure and persistence. Therefore, it is crucial the development of efficient technologies to eliminate such pollutants in water. Nano-photocatalysts are considered a promising technology for water remediation; however, one common drawback is the difficulty of recovering it after water processing. One effective strategy to overcome such problem is its immobilization into substrates such as polymeric membranes. In this study, a polymeric membrane with embedded Mg0.975Ni0.025SiO3 is proposed to remove model pollutants diclofenac sodium and methylene blue dye by synergetic adsorption and photocatalytic processes. Mg0.975Ni0.025SiO3 was synthesized by the combustion method. The matrix polymeric blend consisting of a blend of cellulose acetate, crystalline nanocellulose and polyvinylidene fluoride was obtained by the phase inversion method. The composite membranes were characterized by FTIR, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. With pollutant solutions at pH 7, the pollutant adsorption capacity of the membranes reached up to 30% and 45% removal efficiencies for diclofenac sodium and methylene blue, respectively. Under simulated solar irradiation photocatalytic removal performances of 70% for diclofenac sodium pH 7, and of 97% for methylene blue dye at pH 13, were reached. The membrane photocatalytic activity allows the membrane to avoid pollutant accumulation on its surface, given a self-cleaning property that allows the reuse of at least three cycles under sunlight simulator irradiation. These results suggest the high potential of photocatalytic membranes using suitable and economical materials such as cellulosic compounds and magnesium silicates for water remediation.
Inductive probe measurements in a rotating magnetic field thruster
Authors: Sercel Christopher L , Gill Tate M , Jorns Benjamin A 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe induced magnetic field during acceleration in a pulsed rotating magnetic field (RMF) thruster is experimentally investigated. A two-axis Bdot probe is employed to characterize the time-resolved evolution of the fields in a 5 kW-class test article. This device is operated at an average power of 4 kW with an RMF frequency of 415 kHz, pulse widths of 125µs, and a repetition rate of 155 Hz. Plasma currents induced in the thruster are shown to reach 2500 A and to have sufficient magnitude to form a field-reversed configuration plasmoid. The Lorentz force resulting from the induced magnetic field contributes ∼25% of measured thrust at this operating condition. Of this Lorentz thrust, ∼58% is due to plasma current interaction with the steady applied bias field, while the remainder is caused by interaction with secondary induced currents in nearby structural elements. This structure force is predicted to scale quadratically with plasma current magnitude. These results are discussed in the context of the historically low performance of these devices and strategies for improving their operation are presented.
Strain field in Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memory alloys with different twin densities under combined tensile and magnetic loading
Authors: D’Silva Glen J , Feigenbaum Heidi P , Ciocanel Constantin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the strain fields developed in two Ni2MnGa samples, with fine and coarse twin structures, respectively when loaded in tension and/or with a magnetic field. The strain fields have been recorded using the digital image correlation technique, which allowed for the observation of the strain field over the entire sample as it evolves with load. This allows for visual observation of the evolution of the sample’s twin microstructure. This investigation provides a more comprehensive insight into the localized and bulk material behavior than the traditional strain measurement techniques used in previous studies. The results show that the twin density, the uniformity of the magneto-mechanical loading along the sample, and the presence of pinning sites are all contributing to the profile of the tensile strain field. Particularly, the presence of pinning sites and the emergence of perpendicular twin boundaries along the sample inhibit full variant reorientation and recovery. Both samples showed no visible signs of damage or crack formation during tensile testing, and their magneto-mechanical response in tension and compression was found to be similar, but there is a clear tension/compression asymmetry.
Analyzing synergies and efficiency of reducing CO2 and air pollutants in the case of China’s three-year action plan to fight air pollution
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Lin Huaxing , Yang Xiaohui , Cai Zhongyao , Jiang Ping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Different from existing studies that only analyze the emission reduction efficiency or mitigation of a single pollutant by the air pollutant control policy, this study focuses on synergies and efficiency of reducing CO2 and air pollutants. We select the panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China from 2013 to 2020, and apply the difference-in-differences model to assess China’s three-year action plan to fight air pollution (referred to as the three-year action plan). To distinguish the method of measuring single pollution emission efficiency, we calculate synergistic efficiency of reducing CO2 and air pollutants emissions through the super-efficiency slack-based measure model which considering various pollutants as undesirable outputs. Furthermore, this study conducted regional heterogeneity analysis of resource endowments by incorporating interactive items of regional dummy variables. The results of study demonstrate the three-year action plan achieve synergies and efficiency of reducing CO2 and air pollutants. And the policy effects are also more pronounced in non-resource-based regions. Furthermore, the three-year action plan enhances management level and the potential for synergistic mitigation, as well as the beneficial effects on resource allocation efficiency and capacity improvement in key regions.
A brief review on the recent development of phonon engineering and manipulation at nanoscales
Authors: Xie Siqi , Zhu Hongxin , Zhang Xing , Wang Haidong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Phonons are the quantum mechanical descriptions of vibrational modes that manifest themselves in many physical properties of condensed matter systems. As the size of electronic devices continues to decrease below mean free paths of acoustic phonons, the engineering of phonon spectra at the nanoscale becomes an important topic. Phonon manipulation allows for active control and management of heat flow, enabling functions such as regulated heat transport. At the same time, phonon transmission, as a novel signal transmission method, holds great potential to revolutionize modern industry like microelectronics technology, and boasts wide-ranging applications. Unlike fermions such as electrons, polarity regulation is difficult to act on phonons as bosons, making the development of effective phonon modulation methods a daunting task. This work reviews the development of phonon engineering and strategies of phonon manipulation at different scales, reports the latest research progress of nanophononic devices such as thermal rectifiers, thermal transistors, thermal memories, and thermoelectric devices, and analyzes the phonon transport mechanisms involved. Lastly, we survey feasible perspectives and research directions of phonon engineering. Thermoelectric analogies, external field regulation, and acousto-optic co-optimization are expected to become future research hotspots.
Effect of process parameters on friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA6082–T6 with an interlayer using response surface methodology
Authors: Singh Avtar , Kumar Vinod , Grover Neel Kanth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the present study, the effects of variation of process parameters on the mechanical properties of friction stir welded A6082–T6 aluminium alloy joints with Zinc (Zn) interlayer are experimentally investigated. Four process parameters, viz. rotational speed, welding speed, interlayer thickness and tool pin diameter are selected to fabricate the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) joints. After filling the Zn particles into the gap maintained between the plates, FSW is performed using different process parameters. Thereafter, tensile and impact strength tests are performed to evaluate the performance of the joints. It is analyzed that the tensile and impact strength of the joints vary from 121 to 197 MPa and 6 to 17 J, respectively. Subsequently, mathematical models are developed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to predict the effect of FSW process parameters on the tensile and impact strength of joints. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to check the level and degree of direct effect of process variables on the tensile and impact strength of the joints. It is observed from the results that tool rotational speed is the most influential process parameter, which enhances the mechanical properties of FSW joints, whereas an increase in welding speed reduces the mechanical properties of the joints.
Identifying malnutrition in emergency general surgery: systematic review
Authors: Ashmore Daniel L , Rashid Adil , Wilson Timothy R , Halliday Vanessa , Lee Matthew J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Emergency general surgery practice is high risk. Surgery is a key part of treatment, with resultant catabolic stress and frequent need for nutritional support. The aim of this study was to examine the current methods of defining and determining malnutrition in emergency general surgery. This included examining the use of nutrition screening and assessment tools and other measures of malnutrition.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, trial registries, and relevant journals published between January 2000 and January 2022 were searched for studies of adult patients with any emergency general surgery diagnosis, managed conservatively or operatively, with an assessment of nutritional status. Mixed populations were included if more than 50 per cent of patients were emergency general surgery patients or emergency general surgery results could be separately extracted. Studies in which patients had received nutritional support were excluded. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42021285897).

Results
From 6700 studies screened, 324 full texts were retrieved and 31 were included in the analysis. A definition of malnutrition was provided in 23 studies (75 per cent), with nutritional status being determined by a variety of methods. A total of seven nutrition screening tools and a total of nine ‘assessment’ tools were reported. To define malnutrition, the most commonly used primary or secondary marker of nutritional status was BMI, followed by albumin level.

Conclusion
Wide variation exists in approaches to identify malnutrition risk in emergency general surgery patients, using a range of tools and nutrition markers. Future studies should seek to standardize nutrition screening and assessment in the emergency general surgery setting as two discrete processes. This will permit better understanding of malnutrition risk in surgical patients.
EEG-based auditory attention decoding with audiovisual speech for hearing-impaired listeners
Authors: Wang Bo , Xu Xiran , Niu Yadong , Wu Chao , Wu Xihong , Chen Jing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAuditory attention decoding (AAD) was used to determine the attended speaker during an auditory selective attention task. However, the auditory factors modulating AAD remained unclear for hearing-impaired (HI) listeners. In this study, scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded with an auditory selective attention paradigm, in which HI listeners were instructed to attend one of the two simultaneous speech streams with or without congruent visual input (articulation movements), and at a high or low target-to-masker ratio (TMR). Meanwhile, behavioral hearing tests (i.e. audiogram, speech reception threshold, temporal modulation transfer function) were used to assess listeners’ individual auditory abilities. The results showed that both visual input and increasing TMR could significantly enhance the cortical tracking of the attended speech and AAD accuracy. Further analysis revealed that the audiovisual (AV) gain in attended speech cortical tracking was significantly correlated with listeners’ auditory amplitude modulation (AM) sensitivity, and the TMR gain in attended speech cortical tracking was significantly correlated with listeners’ hearing thresholds. Temporal response function analysis revealed that subjects with higher AM sensitivity demonstrated more AV gain over the right occipitotemporal and bilateral frontocentral scalp electrodes.
Stochastic modelling and synthesis of dynamic fish recruitment productivity in the Celtic Seas ecoregion
Authors: Silvar-Viladomiu Paula , Minto Cóilín , Lordan Colm , Brophy Deirdre , Bell Rich , Collie Jeremy , Reid David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Celtic Seas ecoregion (CSE) is undergoing climatic and ecosystem changes, which can induce changes in fish productivity. Globally, the productivity of many stocks has shown evidence of change over decadal timescales. Varying factors might drive these dynamics in the CSE, but for many stocks, these mechanisms have not been fully understood to be included in management advice. We study dynamic productivity for 28 stocks in the Celtic Seas by tracking integrated stochastic signals in the relationship between stock size and recruitment using state-space modelling applying Peterman’s Productivity Method. Our research objectives were to (i) fit Ricker stock–recruitment models with time-varying parameters to all age- or length-based assessed stocks in the CSE, (ii) evaluate which parameters vary in time, (iii) examine temporal characteristics of historical recruitment productivity, and (iv) evaluate productivity correlation across stocks. For 22 out of 28 stocks, at least one of the three time-varying parameter models had a better fit than the time-invariant model. In the CSE, fish productivity has diverse temporal patterns, with some stocks displaying relevant long-term decreasing productivity trends. Getting insight into temporal changes in recruitment productivity is very valuable and has important implications for sustainable fisheries.
Estimating the Burden of Influenza Hospitalizations Across Multiple Seasons Using Capture-Recapture
Authors: Howa Amanda C , Zhu Yuwei , Wyatt Dayna , Markus Tiffanie , Chappell James D , Halasa Natasha , Trabue Christopher H , Olson Samantha M , Ferdinands Jill , Garg Shikha , Schaffner William , Grijalva Carlos G , Talbot H Keipp 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Influenza remains an important cause of hospitalizations in the United States. Estimating the number of influenza hospitalizations is vital for public health decision making. Combining existing surveillance systems through capture-recapture methods allows for more comprehensive burden estimations.

Methods
Data from independent surveillance systems were combined using capture-recapture methods to estimate influenza hospitalization rates for children and adults in Middle Tennessee during consecutive influenza seasons from 2016–2017 through 2019–2020. The Emerging Infections Program (EIP) identified cases through surveillance of laboratory results for hospitalized children and adults. The Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) and New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) recruited hospitalized patients with respiratory symptoms or fever. Population-based influenza rates and the proportion of cases detected by each surveillance system were calculated.

Results
Estimated overall influenza hospitalization rates ranged from 23 influenza-related hospitalizations per 10 000 persons in 2016–2017 to 40 per 10 000 persons in 2017–2018. Adults aged ≥65 years had the highest hospitalization rates across seasons and experienced a rate of 170 hospitalizations per 10 000 persons during the 2017–2018 season. EIP consistently identified a higher proportion of influenza cases for adults and children compared with HAIVEN and NVSN, respectively.

Conclusions
Current surveillance systems underestimate the influenza burden. Capture-recapture provides an alternative approach to use data from independent surveillance systems and complement population-based burden estimates.
When you hear hoofbeats, think horses before zebras – a case of recurrent small bowel obstructions with a twist
Authors: Jin LongHai , Naidu Krishanth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mechanical small bowel obstructions (SBOs) account for a considerable proportion of hospital admissions for acute abdominal pain. SBOs are most frequently caused by adhesions; and very few SBOs are associated with intraperitoneal devices. An 84-year-old man was admitted to our tertiary institution with recurrent SBOs that were initially believed to be caused by his implantable cardioverter defibrillator which had undergone intraperitoneal migration. However, this was later found to be a misguided ‘zebra’; as the cause was revealed to be a common ‘horse’ — adhesions. This article shares our key learnings from this diagnostic dilemma.