bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Fluid Dynamics Turbulence Model and Experimental Study for a Fontan Cavopulmonary Assist Device
Authors: Sarfare Shreyas , Ali MD Shujan , Palazzolo Alan , Rodefeld Mark , Conover Tim , Figliola Richard , Giridharan Guruprasad , Wampler Richard , Bennett Edward , Ivashchenko Artem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Head-flow HQ curves for a Fontan cavopulmonary assist device (CPAD) were measured using a blood surrogate in a mock circulatory loop and simulated with various computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The tests benchmarked the CFD tools for further enhancement of the CPAD design. Recommended Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) CFD approaches for the development of conventional ventricular assist devices (VAD) were found to have shortcomings when applied to the Fontan CPAD, which is designed to neutralize off-condition obstruction risks that could contribute to a major adverse event. The no-obstruction condition is achieved with a von Karman pump, utilizing large clearances and small blade heights, which challenge conventional VAD RANS-based CFD hemodynamic simulations. High-fidelity large eddy simulation (LES) is always recommended; however, this may be cost-inhibitive for optimization studies in commercial settings, thus the reliance on RANS models. This study compares head and power predictions of various RANS turbulence models, employing experimental measurements and LES results as a basis for comparison. The models include standard k−ϵ, re-normalization group k−ϵ, realizable k−ϵ, shear stress transport (SST) k−ω, SST with transitional turbulence, and Generalized k−ω. For the pressure head predictions, it was observed that the standard k−ϵ model provided far better agreement with experiment. For the rotor torque, k−ϵ predictions were 30% lower than LES, while the SST and LES torque values were near identical. For the Fontan CPAD, the findings support using LES for the final design simulations, k−ϵ model for head and general flow simulation, and SST for power, shear stress, hemolysis, and thrombogenicity predictions.
Evaluation of Pressure, Surface Characteristics, and Fluid Properties Effect on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Over Plain and External Micro-Finned Cylindrical Surfaces
Authors: Shah Balkrushna A. , Patel Parth , Lakhera Vikas J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Pool boiling is extensively used in high- and low-temperature heat exchangers as it results in a high heat transfer coefficient compared to natural and single-phase forced convection. Pool boiling experimental study conducted over a plain cylindrical surface (PS) and four external micro-finned cylindrical surfaces (MFCSs), with R123 and R141b at different pressures in the heat flux range 20–100 kW/m2, is presented in this paper. The objective of the present study is to explore the effect of pressure, surface characteristics, and fluid properties on pool boiling heat transfer over plain and micro-finned cylindrical surfaces. The boiling performance improved at a higher pressure, irrespective of the working fluid used for all the test surfaces. It was found that, with the rise in pressure, the boiling heat transfer coefficient (BHTC) for the MFCSs increases at a higher rate than the PS. In comparison with PS, the average rise in the BHTC with pressure, for the MFCS-1, MFCS-2, MFCS-3, and MFCS-4 with R123 were 69.3% to 84.3%, 3.3% to 9.9%, 16.9% to 22.4%, and 29.4% to 40.2%, respectively. The higher BHTC over micro-finned cylindrical surfaces results due to more nucleation site results from lower surface wettability and micro-finned geometry. It was observed that the pool boiling over the plain surface with R123 results in higher BHTC compared with R141b at all tested pressures, whereas the pool boiling characteristics over MFCSs varied based on the combined effect of micro-finned surface geometry, surface wettability, heat flux, pressure and fluid properties. The bubble departure diameters over all the surfaces were measured at 30 W, 60 W, and 90 W at different pressures, and a new model of bubble departure diameter was proposed based on dimensionless terms. The total mean absolute error (MAE) of the proposed bubble departure diameter model was about 6.79% for the whole range of data points.
Efficacy of Resisted Sled Sprint Training Compared With Unresisted Sprint Training on Acceleration and Sprint Performance in Rugby Players: An 8-Week Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Panascì Marco , Di Gennaro Simone , Ferrando Vittoria , Filipas Luca , Ruggeri Piero , Faelli Emanuela 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To compare the effects between resisted sled sprint training (RSS) and unresisted sprint training (URS) on sprint and acceleration performance, vertical jump, and maximal strength during an 8-week period of preseason training. Methods: Twenty-six recreational active rugby players were randomly divided into either RSS or URS training groups and then performed 8 weeks of training, 2 sessions/wk of sprint-specific training program. The RSS group performed sprints by towing a sled overloaded with 12.6% of body mass for 2 of the 3 sets of 3 × 20-m sprints, plus one set was carried out with unresisted modality. The URS groups performed 3 sets of 3 × 20-m unresisted sprints. The measures of 10- and 30-m sprint times, vertical jump, and 3-repetition-maximum (3-RM) squat tests were performed at baseline and after 8 weeks. Results: Ten- and 30-m sprint times (P < .05 and ) improved significantly more in RSS than in URS. Both groups improved significantly in vertical jump and 3-RM squat tests; however, no significant differences (P > .1 and ) between groups were found. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that an 8-week program of RSS is more effective than URS for enhancing sprint time performance in male recreational active rugby players. In addition, these data suggest that a sled overload corresponding to 12.6% of body mass can induce positive effects on both acceleration and speed performance in recreational active rugby players.
Does Physical Fitness Relate to Academic Achievement in High School Students?
Authors: Santana Carla Caroliny de Almeida , Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes de , Medeiros Flávio Roberto Carneiro de , Rangel Júnior João Francisco Lins Brayner , Cantieri Francys Paula , Alarcon Daniela , Prado Wagner Luiz do 
Published: August 2023

Background: Academic achievement (AA) is an important issue not only during the school period since it is a strong predictor of long-term professional and social success. Physical fitness (PF) components are associated with AA, and previous studies were conducted with relatively small samples, lack of statistical power, and the conclusions are based on simple correlational analyses. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between PF (single and clustered) with AA in a large and representative sample of high school students. Methods: Cross-sectional design study conducted with 911 students, aged 13–15 years (38.52% boys) enrolled in the first year of high school. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run test), muscular strength (dynamometer), and body composition (skinfolds) were measured. PF components were clustered (Z-cardiorespiratory fitness + Z-muscular strength – Z-body fatness). AA was analyzed through standard math tests. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was applied to verify the independent contribution of each single component and PF’s cluster on AA. Age, screen time, maternal education, race, and type of residence were used as covariates. Results: Among boys, cardiorespiratory fitness was negatively associated with AA (β = −0.137; P = .041), while strength was positively associated with AA (β = 0.188; P = .004). There was no association between clustered PF indicators and AA (β = 0.064; P = .297). There was a negative association between age and AA in girls (β = −0.151; P = .003) and in boys (β = −0.128; P = .045). Conclusions: These results support current literature, indicating an association between PF’s component, namely muscular strength and AA (mathematics) in adolescents, even when controlled for several covariates.
Accelerometry Measured Movement Behaviors in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the ELSA-Brasil Study
Authors: de Paula Danilo , Crochemore-Silva Inácio , Griep Rosane Harter , Duncan Bruce Bartholow , Schmidt Maria Inês 
Published: August 2023

Background: Little investigation of accelerometry assessed movement behaviors and physical inactivity was carried out in middle-aged and older adults in low-middle-income countries. Objective: Describe accelerometry-measured movement behaviors and prevalence of physical inactivity in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: We collected raw accelerometry data during the third visit (2017–2019) of ELSA-Brasil, a large-scale multicenter Brazilian cohort. Participants wore an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT on the waist for 24 hours for 7 days and documented sleep in a diary. Results: Nine thousand two hundred and seventy-nine participants had valid data (73.4% of the eligible cohort). Overall activity was higher for men (11.82mg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.7 to 11.93) than women (10.69mg; 95% CI, 10.6 to 10.77) and lower in older groups—women (−0.12mg/y; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.11), men (−0.16mg/y; 95% CI, −0.17 to −0.14). Participants were more active from noon to midnight. Distribution of movement behaviors varied with sex and age, and sleep duration was longer in older individuals. Overall, 14.4% (95% CI, 13.7 to 15.1) were inactive, with inactivity being more frequent in women (16.4%; 95% CI, 15.4 to 17.4) than men (12.2%; 95% CI, 11 to 13). Higher rates were observed in the oldest. Retirement was associated with a higher prevalence of physical inactivity in both sexes. Conclusion: Women were less active than men. Older individuals showed a high prevalence of physical inactivity, probably related to transition into retirement. These findings strengthen evidence for public policies promoting physical activity by emphasizing the need to target women, older individuals, and those transitioning to retirement to improve and/or maintain physical activity levels throughout the course of their lives.
Structural and functional studies of PCNA from African swine fever virus
Authors: Shao Zhiwei , Yang Jie , Gao Yanqing , Zhang Yixi , Zhao Xin , Shao Qiyuan , Zhang Weizhen , Cao Chulei , Liu Hehua , Gan Jianhua 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) belongs to the DNA sliding clamp family. Via interacting with various partner proteins, PCNA plays critical roles in DNA replication, DNA repair, chromatin assembly, epigenetic inheritance, chromatin remodeling, and many other fundamental biological processes. Although PCNA and PCNA-interacting partner networks are conserved across species, PCNA of a given species is rarely functional in heterologous systems, emphasizing the importance of more representative PCNA studies. Here, we report two crystal structures of PCNA from African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is the only member of the
Asfarviridae
family. Compared to the eukaryotic and archaeal PCNAs and the sliding clamp structural homologs from other viruses,
Asfv
PCNA possesses unique sequences and/or conformations at several regions, such as the J-loop, interdomain-connecting loop (IDCL), P-loop, and C-tail, which are involved in partner recognition or modification of sliding clamps. In addition to double-stranded DNA binding, we also demonstrate that
Asfv
PCNA can modestly enhance the ligation activity of the
Asfv
LIG protein. The unique structural features of
Asfv
PCNA can serve as a potential target for the development of ASFV-specific inhibitors and help combat the deadly virus.

IMPORTANCE

Two high-resolution crystal structures of African swine fever virus proliferating cell nuclear antigen (
Asfv
PCNA) are presented here. Structural comparison revealed that
Asfv
PCNA is unique at several regions, such as the J-loop, the interdomain-connecting loop linker, and the P-loop, which may play important roles in ASFV-specific partner selection of
Asfv
PCNA. Unlike eukaryotic and archaeal PCNAs,
Asfv
PCNA possesses high double-stranded DNA-binding affinity. Besides DNA binding,
Asfv
PCNA can also modestly enhance the ligation activity of the
Asfv
LIG protein, which is essential for the replication and repair of ASFV genome. The unique structural features make
Asfv
PCNA a potential target for drug development, which will help combat the deadly virus.
Optimal dose and type of physical activity to improve functional capacity and minimise adverse events in acutely hospitalised older adults: a systematic review with dose-response network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Gallardo-Gómez Daniel , del Pozo-Cruz Jesús , Pedder Hugo , Alfonso-Rosa Rosa M , Álvarez-Barbosa Francisco , Noetel Michael , Jasper Unyime , Chastin Sebastien , Ramos-Munell Javier , del Pozo Cruz Borja 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo identify the optimal dose and type of physical activity to improve functional capacity and reduce adverse events in acutely hospitalised older adults.DesignSystematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis.Data sourcesFour databases were searched from inception to 20 June 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesRandomised controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of a physical activity-based intervention on at least one functional outcome in people aged ≥50 years hospitalised due to an acute medical condition were included. Pooled effect estimates (ie, standardised mean differences for functional capacity and the ratio of means for adverse events) were calculated using random treatment effects network meta-analysis models.ResultsNineteen studies (3842 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Approximately 100 Metabolic Equivalents of Task per day (METs-min/day) (~40 min/day of light effort or ~25 min/day of moderate effort activities) was the minimal dose to improve the functional capacity of acute hospitalised older adults (standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.28, 95% credible interval (CrI) 0.01 to 0.55). The optimal dose was estimated at 159 METs-min/day (~70 min/day of light effort or ~40 min/day of moderate effort activities; SMD=0.41, 95% CrI 0.08 to 0.72). Ambulation was deemed the most efficient intervention, and the optimal dose was reached at 143 METs-min/day (~50 min/day of slow-paced walking; SMD=0.76, 95% CrI 0.35 to 1.16), showing a high evidential power (87.68%). The minimal effective ambulation dose was estimated at 74 METs-min/day (~25 min/day of slow-paced walking; SMD=0.25, 95% CrI 0.01 to 0.41). Physical activity interventions resulted in a decrease in the rate of adverse events compared with usual care at discharge (ratio of means=0.96, 95% CrI 0.95 to 0.97; median time 7 days).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis yielded low to moderate evidence supporting the use of in-hospital supervised physical activity programmes in acutely hospitalised older adults. As little as ~25 min/day of slow-paced walking is sufficient to improve functional capacity and minimise adverse events in this population.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42021271999.
Study profile: the Genetics of Glaucoma Study
Authors: Gharahkhani Puya , He Weixiong , Diaz Torres Santiago , Wu Yeda , Ingold Nathan , Yu Regina , Seviiri Mathias , Ong Jue-Sheng , Law Matthew H , Craig Jamie E , Mackey David A , Hewitt Alex W , MacGregor Stuart 
Published: August 2023

PurposeGlaucoma, a major cause of irreversible blindness, is a highly heritable human disease. Currently, the majority of the risk genes for glaucoma are unknown. We established the Genetics of Glaucoma Study (GOGS) to identify disease genes and improve genetic prediction of glaucoma risk and response to treatment.ParticipantsMore than 5700 participants with glaucoma or a family history of glaucoma were recruited through a media campaign and the Australian Government healthcare service provider, Services Australia, making GOGS one of the largest genetic studies of glaucoma globally. The mean age of the participants was 65.30±9.36 years, and 62% were female. Participants completed a questionnaire obtaining information about their glaucoma-related medical history such as family history, glaucoma status and subtypes, surgical procedures, and prescriptions. The questionnaire also obtained information about other eye and systemic diseases. Approximately 80% of the participants provided a DNA sample and ~70% consented to data linkage to their Australian Government Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme schedules.Findings to date4336 GOGS participants reported that an optometrist or ophthalmologist has diagnosed them with glaucoma and 3639 participants reported having a family history of glaucoma. The vast majority of the participants (N=4393) had used at least one glaucoma-related medication; latanoprost was the most commonly prescribed drug (54% of the participants who had a glaucoma prescription). A subset of the participants reported a surgical treatment for glaucoma including a laser surgery in 2008 participants and a non-laser operation in 803 participants. Several comorbid eye and systemic diseases were also observed; the most common reports were ocular hypertension (53% of the participants), cataract (48%), hypertension (40%), nearsightedness (31%), astigmatism (22%), farsightedness (16%), diabetes (12%), sleep apnoea (11%) and migraines (10%).Future plansGOGS will contribute to the global gene-mapping efforts as one of the largest genetic studies for glaucoma. We will also use GOGS to develop or validate genetic risk prediction models to stratify glaucoma risk, particularly in individuals with a family history of glaucoma, and to predict clinical outcomes (eg, which medication works better for an individual and whether glaucoma surgery is required). GOGS will also help us answer various research questions about genetic overlap and causal relationships between glaucoma and its comorbidities.
Assessing a nurse-assisted eHealth intervention posthospital discharge in adult patients with non-communicable diseases: a protocol for a feasibility study
Authors: Morken Ingvild Margreta , Wathne Hege Bjøkne , Karlsen Bjørg , Storm Marianne , Nordfonn Oda Karin , Gjeilo Kari Hanne , Urstad Kristin Hjorthaug , Søreide Jon Arne , Husebø Anne Marie 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionA growing number of patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as heart failure (HF) and colorectal cancer (CRC), are prone to comorbidity, a high rate of readmissions and complex healthcare needs. An eHealth intervention, however, could potentially ameliorate the increasing burdens associated with NCDs by helping to smoothen patient transition from hospital to home and by reducing the number of readmissions. This feasibility study therefore aims to assess the feasibility of a nurse-assisted eHealth intervention posthospital discharge among patients with HF and CRC, while also examining the preliminary clinical and behavioural outcomes of the intervention before initiating a full-scale randomised controlled trial. The recruitment ended in January 2023.Methods and analysisTwenty adult patients with HF and 10 adult patients with CRC will be recruited from two university hospitals in Norway. Six hospital-based nurse navigators (NNs) will offer support during the transition phase from hospital to home by using a solution for digital remote care, Dignio Connected Care. The patients will use the MyDignio application uploaded to an iPad for 30 days postdischarge. The interactions between patients and NNs will then be assessed through direct observation and qualitative interviews in line with a think-aloud protocol. Following the intervention, semistructured interviews will be used to explore patients’ experiences of eHealth support and NNs’ experiences of eHealth delivery. The feasibility testing will also comprise a post-test of the Post-System Usability Questionnaire and pretesting of patient-reported outcomes questionnaires, as well as an inspection of user data collected from the software.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (ID.NO: 523386). All participation is based on informed, written consent. The results of the study will be published in open-access, peer-reviewed journals and presented at international and national scientific conferences and meetings.
Identifying older adults at increased risk of medication-related readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge: development and validation of a risk assessment tool
Authors: Glans Maria , Kempen Thomas Gerardus Hendrik , Jakobsson Ulf , Kragh Ekstam Annika , Bondesson Åsa , Midlöv Patrik 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveDeveloping and validating a risk assessment tool aiming to identify older adults (≥65 years) at increased risk of possibly medication-related readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe risk score was developed using data from a hospital in southern Sweden and validated using data from four hospitals in the mid-eastern part of Sweden.ParticipantsThe development cohort (n=720) was admitted to hospital during 2017, whereas the validation cohort (n=892) was admitted during 2017–2018.MeasuresThe risk assessment tool aims to predict possibly medication-related readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge. Variables known at first admission and individually associated with possibly medication-related readmission were used in development. The included variables were assigned points, and Youden’s index was used to decide a threshold score. The risk score was calculated for all individuals in both cohorts. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (c-index) was used to measure the discrimination of the developed risk score. Sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using cross-tabulation.ResultsThe developed risk assessment tool, the Hospitalisations, Own home, Medications, and Emergency admission (HOME) Score, had a c-index of 0.69 in the development cohort and 0.65 in the validation cohort. It showed sensitivity 76%, specificity 54%, positive predictive value 29% and negative predictive value 90% at the threshold score in the development cohort.ConclusionThe HOME Score can be used to identify older adults at increased risk of possibly medication-related readmission within 30 days of discharge. The tool is easy to use and includes variables available in electronic health records at admission, thus making it possible to implement risk-reducing activities during the hospital stay as well as at discharge and in transitions of care. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical usefulness of the HOME Score as well as the benefits of implemented activities.