bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 28-Homobrassinolide on the Physiological Characteristics，gene expression and Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids Accumulation in Catharanthus roseus Cambial Meristematic Cell Cultures
Authors: Fu Fangfang , Li Haihua , Ling Li , Li Jiahe , Chen Yifei , Hu Weijie , Li Jiayu , Ou Lin , Chen Zhaoxi , Li Jun , Zhou Pengfei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Compared with callus culture, Catharanthus roseus (CAT) cambial meristematic cells (CMCs) cultured in vitro exhibit high production of pharmacologically active terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA). Elicitors can significantly promote the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plant cells. However, the regulation of alkaloid biosynthesis in C. roseus CMCs by elicitors 2-Hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin (H-β-CD) and 28-Homobrassinolide (HBL) is still unknown. Therefore, we established a new cambial meristematic cell line, named C. roseus CMCs-2, and investigated the effects of H-β-CD and HBL individually or in combination on the TIA content of CMCs in Erlenmeyer flasks (100, 250 and 500 mL) or in a 5-L airlift bioreactor.CMCs cultured in the bioreactor and treated with 10.0 g/L H-β-CD and 150 μg/L HBL gave the highest yields of vindoline (4.89 mg/L), catharanthine (2.49 mg/L) vinblastine (3.96 mg/L) and ajmalicine (3.87 mg/L), concentrations that were 241, 277, 165 and 110 % higher, respectively, than yields of CMCs cultured in 100-mL flasks without elicitors. These results indicated that CMCs cultured in the bioreactor exhibited enhanced production of vindoline, catharanthine, vinblastine and ajmalicine than those cultured in flasks. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that H-β-CD and HBL up-regulated transcription levels of genes related to the biosynthesis of TIAs. These results imply that H-β-CD and HBL can boost TIA production in CMCs, thereby indicating that C. roseus CMCs have considerable potential as an industrial platform for the production of bioactive TIAs.
Visualization of fluorescently labeled lipase distribution characteristics at the oil–water interface
Authors: Du Xian , Zhang Chunxiao , Peng Biyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

A method based on fluorescently labeled enzyme proteins was established to visualize the absorption properties of lipase at the oil–water interface, and it can be used for the effective observation of the distribution characteristics of lipase at the oil–water interface. The optimal conditions for observation include the following: oil content of 10–20% (wt%), concentration of fluorescently labelled enzyme protein of 0.25 mg/mL, reaction temperature of 25℃–30°C, emulsion dispersion and stirring time of 10 min, and emulsion resting time of 30–120 s. Based on this method, a preliminary analysis of the effects of oil and lipase species on the distribution characteristics of lipase at the oil–water interface was performed. The results reveal that differences in the distributions of lipase at the oil–water interface of various fats and oils had a certain degree of correspondence with their specificity and that the distribution characteristics of the lipases on the surface of olive oil enabled effective catalytic hydrolysis to a certain extent. This method is a more objective guide for the development of lipase application technology in the fields of tanning, fur making, glue making, detergents, sewage treatment and so on.
Mechanisms for improved high-speed processability of active layer materials in bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaics
Authors: Min Jie , Xiao Bo , Sun Rui , Wan Ji , Wu Xiaohei , Yang Xinrong , Zhao Jiangtong , Ma Yunlong , Zheng Qingdong , Xiao Biao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

High-speed coating of organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials enables rapid production on a large scale, markedly reducing manufacturing costs. However, chemists and materials scientists have been mainly concerned with the device efficiency and stability issues of OPV materials, with minimal attention given to their high-speed coating capabilities. Herein we systematically investigated the high-speed coating capabilities of the active layer systems based on twenty-six small molecule acceptors (SMAs), including PCBM series, ITIC series, M3 series, and Y6 series. Through an extensive analysis of fluid dynamics simulations, film formation dynamics, and Hansen solubility parameters of relevant OPV materials, we evaluated their A_h (Affinity to high-throughput fabrication) values. Importantly, key SMA-structural features related to crystallization behavior of OPVmaterials during high-speed manufacturing were identified, which indicates the path for promoting the high-speed coating tolerance of OPV materials. This research underscores the importance of integrating high-speed coating properties into material design and D/A matching, facilitating the development of next-generation OPV materials.
Analysis of the temperature evolution of the canned motor with spiral tube heat exchanger in secondary water supply blackout fault
Authors: Ai Li-Kun , Lu Yi-Ping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In a canned motor with a spiral tube heat exchanger for a nuclear main pump, if the secondary cooling water suddenly fails, the temperature of the lubricating water and motor winding insulation must not exceed the alarm or permitted value (95°C or 200°C) within the 5-minute response time for safe operation. Therefore, it is crucial to predict the transient characteristics of the temperature distribution of the cooling water and the main components. In this paper, a finite-volume conjugate 3D thermal model is proposed to predict the steady-state/unsteady temperature fields of the small-capacity canned motor for a nuclear main pump. The temperature development characteristics of the main components and the primary / secondary water are analyzed under rated conditions with cold ambient parameters (CAP) in the event of a secondary water supply blackout (SWSB) failure. The predicted temperatures agree well with the measured experimental data a maximum error of + 5.97%, and the maximum measured temperature rise of the stator winding insulation is 1.24 ° C in 310 s. Results show that the temperature difference between the stator/rotor cores and the shielding sleeves becomes smaller than in the steady state and its value at 310 s is not greater than 3°C. The temperature of the coolant in the nuclear main pump under the motor bottom has an increasing influence on the motor bottom lubricating water temperature over time during transient SWSB failure conditions. It provides a reference for the thermal design of canned motors for nuclear main pumps.
Affordable Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of PCA3 for Early Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Raj Divakar , Wadhwa Shikha , Roy Souradeep , Kumar Arun , Kumar Dhruv , Kant Krishna , Pojprapai Soodkhet , Mathur Ashish 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Prostate cancer frequently goes undetected at its early stage and it’s a major concern in male population. To address this challenge, we provide a new approach based on electrochemical biosensing for efficient detection of prostate cancer using PCA3 DNA biomarkers. Initially, screen-printed paper electrodes were fabricated and further modified by gold graphene quantum dots (Au-GQD), which were synthesized by domestic microwave method utilizing dextrose, trisodium citrate, and chloroauric acid. Au-GQD established an electrochemical sensing platform for DNA hybridization assay. Further, a grabbing PCA3 probe DNA was immobilized and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The developed sensor enables the detection of PCA3 biomolecules. The sensing platform exhibits an excellent limit of detection (LoD) of 1.37 fM and 1.41 fM by CV and EIS, respectively. The limit of quantification (LoQ) is 4.08 and 4.27, respectively, within a wide linear range of detection (100 nM − 100 fM). The stability of the fabricated sensor was also scrutinized for up to 40 days. The proposed sensor effectively recognized PCA3 biomarker in real urine amidst various interferents. In future, the sensing platform could improve the prognosis of the disease by enabling early-stage identification.
Ecological land evolution index: An improved approach to characterize the process of ecological land evolution
Authors: Xie Yifan , Liu Sui , Tong Zhaomin , Zhang Lin , Pang Bowen , Huang He , An Rui , Lu Yanchi , Cui Yao , Liu Yaolin , Liu YanFang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Ecological land evolution is essential in shaping regional landscape patterns, influencing ecosystem processes, and altering ecosystem functions. However, existing indices inadequately quantify both ecological land degradation and restoration patterns, particularly regarding patch-scale dynamics related to connectivity and fragmentation. This study aimed to propose the Ecological Land Evolution Index (ELEI), a novel metric designed to comprehensively assess the spatiotemporal intricacies of ecological land evolution at the patch level. By integrating spatial proximity and ecological connectivity, ELEI offers a more refined and holistic evaluation compared to traditional landscape indices, thereby enhancing our comprehension of these dynamic evolution processes.
Results
Utilizing four temporal snapshots (1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020) of land use raster data from the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (UAMRYR) in China, we applied ELEI to assess patterns of ecological land restoration(ELR) and degradation(ELD). The results demonstrate significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in ecological land evolution. Cities such as YCH, HY, and JJ showed large-scale ecological restoration, primarily driven by the expansion of connecting and infilling patches. In contrast, highly urbanized areas like WH and CS exhibited severe fragmentation, particularly in the form of fragmented and enclosed patches. The data also revealed significant shifts in ELR and ELD distributions, with fragmentation intensifying from 2000 to 2010, followed by signs of reversal in the subsequent decade due to large-scale restoration initiatives. Compared to other indices, ELEI provides a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of ecological land dynamics in rapidly urbanizing areas, identifying regions where restoration efforts have succeeded and where degradation continues.
Conclusions
This studying demonstrated ELEI’s effectiveness in identifying key areas of restoration and degradation, offering crucial insights for policymakers striving to balance economic development and ecological conservation. Additionally, the use of ELEI variants (Mean ELEI (MELEI) and Area-Weighted Mean ELEI (AWMELEI)) highlights their value in tracking spatial connectivity and degradation over time, providing a valuable tool for regional conservation planning and landscape management.
An infrared image detection algorithm for power equipment based on search optimization for YOLOv5
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang 
Published: January 2025

Accurately analysing features in infrared images of equipment is one of the current directions in the field of power equipment detection and identification. Because infrared images of power equipment have poor resolution, low contrast, and visual blurring problems, this work proposes the use of the squirrel search algorithm to optimize the detection strategy of YOLOv5. First, due to the shortcomings of the squirrel search algorithm, which easily falls into local optima and has a slow convergence speed, in this work, the Henon Consine Seagull search algorithm (HCSSA) is proposed; this algorithm uses Henon chaotic mapping for population initialization and optimizes the predator probability based on the cosine function to improve the algorithm's performance. Second, in the YOLOv5 model, CSP_Faster is used for feature information recognition and to reduce the computational burden, the SKNet mechanism is introduced to ensure the integrity of the image feature information, the SIoU loss function in target classification is used to obtain a better classification effect, and finally, the HCSSA algorithm is optimized for the two hyperparameters of the YOLOv5 model, which are the learning rate and the weight decay. In the simulation experiments, the recognition effect of the proposed algorithm is improved by 8.87 %, 7.67 % and 5.11 % compared with those of YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5, respectively, which shows that the model has a better target detection effect.
pH-sensitive Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles Encapsulating
Β-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin for Targeted Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Wang Qiuhui , Wang Shangdong , Zhou Ruiyao , Cai Jianwu , Hu Xiao 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis, and
current treatment methods have limited effectiveness. Therefore, developing new and more effective
therapeutic strategies is crucial. This study aims to establish pH-responsive silk fibroin (SF) nanoparticles
encapsulating β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin (SF@β-HIVS) to enhance the therapeutic effects
against pancreatic cancer.

Methods:
SF@β-HIVS nanoparticles were prepared using a self-assembly technique and characterized
under different pH conditions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light
scattering (DLS). The effects of SF@β-HIVS on the viability, apoptosis, and migration of PANC-1
cells were assessed through in vitro experiments. Additionally, in vivo experiments using a PANC-1
xenograft mouse model evaluated the antitumor activity and biosafety of SF@β-HIVS.

Results:
SF@β-HIVS nanoparticles exhibited a uniformly distributed spherical structure under pH
7.4 conditions and rapidly disintegrated in acidic environments, releasing the drug. In vitro experiments
demonstrated that SF@β-HIVS significantly inhibited PANC-1 cell proliferation, induced
apoptosis, and suppressed cell migration. In vivo, experiments confirmed the significant antitumor
activity and good biosafety of SF@β-HIVS.

Conclusion:
This study successfully developed pH-responsive SF@β-HIVS nanoparticles and validated
their potential in treating pancreatic cancer. These findings provided a foundation for the clinical
application of SF@β-HIVS in pancreatic cancer treatment.
Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Short-Term, In-Hospital Mortality Among Frail and Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shang Jiawei , Yuan Ziming , Zhang Zuoyan , Zhou Quanhong , Zou Yan , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2025

Background
The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the hospital setting is growing, with more patients using these devices at home, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frail and critically ill patients with COVID-19 and previously normal glucose tolerance are also associated with variability in their glucose levels during their intensive care unit (ICU) stay. However, very limited evidence supports the use of CGM in ICU settings, especially among frail patients with COVID-19.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of CGM on ICU-related outcomes among frail and critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19.

Methods
This was an exploratory, prospective, open-label, parallel, single-center, randomized controlled trial. A total of 124 patients was finally analyzed. The primary outcome was 28-day, in-ICU mortality. The secondary outcome included the length of ICU stay as well as the occurrence of hypoglycemia and severe hypoglycemia events.

Results
The mean age was 78.3 (SD 11.5) years. The mean fasting glucose level and hemoglobin A1c level at baseline were 8.12 (SD 1.54) mmol/L and 7.2% (SD 0.8%), respectively. The percentage of participants with diabetes was 30.6% (38/124). The corresponding hazard ratio of the primary outcome in the intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM) group when compared with the point-of-care testing (POCT) group was 0.18 (95% CI 0.04-0.79). The average length of ICU stay was 10.0 (SD 7.57) days in the isCGM group and 14.0 (SD 6.86) days in the POCT group (P=.02). At the end of study period, the mean value of fasting glucose in the isCGM group and the POCT group was 6.07 (SD 0.63) mmol/L and 7.76 (SD 0.62) mmol/L, respectively (P=.01). A total of 207 hypoglycemia events (<3.9 mmol/L) was detected, with 43 in the isCGM group and 164 in the POCT group (P<.001). A total of 81 severe hypoglycemia events (<2.8 mmol/L) was detected, with 16 in the isCGM group and 65 in the POCT group (P<.001). The major adverse event in this study was bleeding in the puncture site, with a total of 6 occurrences in the isCGM group. During the follow-up, none of the participants dropped out because of bleeding in the puncture site.

Conclusions
We found a significant clinical benefit from the use of CGM among frail and critically ill patients with COVID-19. These findings support the use of CGM in the ICU and might help with the extension of application in various in-hospital settings.

Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200059733; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=169257
Proposed theoretical approaches for cellular base station radiation level estimation in urban environments
Authors: AL-jaff S. K. , Musadaq Rusul , Khodayer A. M. , Sallomi A. H. 
Published: January 2025

Increasing demand for cellular communication service forced service providers to improve their quality of service by increasing the number of base stations inside or in the proximity of populated areas. Consequently, the level of electromagnetic pollution is increased resulting in great concern about the probable health risk due to exposure to the base station radiations.
In order to estimate the possible health impact due to population exposure to cellular base station radiations, this paper presents two mathematical approaches suggested to evaluate the base station radiation level in terms of power density induced at the exposed objects. The first approach depends on the superposition theorem that considers radiations from all base stations surrounding the exposed object. The second approach uses a fluid model to study and estimate the power density received by the objects exposed to the cellular base station radiations in urban areas. Once the induced power density in the exposed human body is obtained, it is possible to evaluate the health effects, and the safety exposure limits can be set.
Performance of Lac Insect Kerria lacca Kerr on Bushy Host Flemingia semialata (Roxb.)
Authors: Bhagyapriya P. , Rao S. R. Koteswara , Sanyasidhurua  , Ramesh D. 
Published: January 2025

The study was carried out to assess the potential of Flemingia semialata as host of lac insect at Agriculture College, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh (522101) India during January to June, 2023 to investigate the potential of F. semialata under coastal conditions of Andhra Pradesh. Among different productivity parameters, initial density of settlement (Number per square cm), final density of settlement (Number per square cm)., sex ratio (% of male insects), density at crop maturity (Number per square cm) were recorded high at lower stem portion of the host plant F. semialata compared to upper and middle stem portions. Initial mortality (%) was recorded high at upper portion of host plant compared to middle and lower portions. Mean fecundity (Number of young ones produced by the female insect) recorded was 389.60. Mean yield (kg) of brood lac obtained was 0.76 kg and mean yield (kg) of scrapped lac obtained was 0.35 kg. Mean female size was recorded as 1.85mm. Mean broodlac-scraped lac ratio recorded was 2.17. Among the life cycle parameters of Lac insect mean sex ratio varied from 22.66 to 25.29. The life period of female was recorded as 156 days. The mean fecundity of female was 380.96 crawlers. There was a positive non-significant correlation recorded between female lac cell size and fecundity and also between female lac cell size and female cell weightand concluded that F. semialata can be used as a potential host for lac cultivation in the state of Andhra Pradesh
Pengaruh Penambahan Kulit Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon) pada Pemanfaatan Serbuk Batang Singkong sebagai Obat Nyamuk Bakar
Authors: Puspita Ratna , Asmara Sandi , Rahmawati Winda , Kuncoro Sapto 
Published: January 2025

The abundant amount of cassava stem waste in Indonesia has not been utilized optimally. As an effort to optimize the utilization of cassava stem waste, it is used as a raw material for mosquito coils with the addition of active ingredients as insect repellents. One of the natural insect repellents is lemon peel which contains limonoids as an active substance. In the making processing of mosquito coils, adhesives are also needed. so that the composition of waste cassava stems, lemon peel, and adhesive affects the characteristics of mosquito coils. Important parameters that were observed to obtain the characteristics of mosquito coils were shatter resistance index, moisture content, density, burn duration, smoke distribution, and organoleptic tests. Result of research of P1 showing until P5 have an effect on burn duration. Weight one mosquito coils at various treatment gyrate 11,39-17,04 and old burn 7,1 hour - 8 hour Keyword: Burn Duration, Lemon Peel, Mosquito Coils.
Rancang Bangun Kereta Gantung Pengangkut Produk Hasil Pertanian
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Gandi , Tamrin Tamrin , Asmara Sandi 
Published: January 2025

Problems in the agricultural sector are not only in the process of plant maintenance activities, but also because of the location of agricultural land that is not always easily accessible such as in mountainous areas and mountain slopes. This is certainly one of the obstacles for farmers in terms of transporting agricultural products. Cable cars are one of the innovations of transportation equipment that transport agricultural products that can be developed to help and facilitate the work of farmers effectively and efficiently. This study aims to design and make cable cars as a means of transporting agricultural products and performing performance tests on tools. This research was conducted in September-October 2018 at the Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Machinery, Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. This research begins with the stage of determining the basic design of tools, designing tools, making tools, testing tools, observing and retrieving data. The mechanism of action of this tool is to hang the rail frame using a rope that is tied to a metal iron to a support pole at a certain slope angle. Then on the frame of the train there is an iron hook as a means of hanging a net that has been filled with loads. The way to operate the tool is by manually pulling it. The results showed that the no-load tool performance test took 6.08 seconds, with a load of 10 kg which was 6.86 seconds, a load of 20 kg at 8.10 seconds, and a load of 30 kg at 10.28 seconds. The slope angle obtained at 48 cm slope height is 8.53 °, the slope height of 57 cm is 6.84 °, and the slope height of 66 cm is 5.71 °. The cable car transporting agricultural products is 1200 cm long, 10 cm wide, and 16 cm high. The maximum load capacity that can be operated by the tool is 30 kg. Keywords: Agricultural Produce, Cable Car, Manual.