bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong Negative Association of non-HDL Cholesterol Goal Achievement With Incident CKD Among Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Gnecco-González Sofía , Amaya-Montoya Mateo , Herrera-Parra Lina J , Hernández Vargas Juliana A , Ramírez-García Nathaly , Romero-Díaz Camila , Acuña-Merchán Lizbeth , Mendivil Carlos O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
The relative importance of the control of different metabolic risk factors for the prevention of chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes in real life conditions is insufficiently understood.

Objective
We evaluated the effect of the achievement of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLc) goals (ABC goals) on the development of incident chronic kidney disease (iCKD) among patients with diabetes.

Methods
In a nationwide registry of all individuals diagnosed with diabetes assisted by the health system in Colombia, we analyzed the association between baseline or sustained goal achievement and development of iCKD over a 4-year follow-up. iCKD was defined as a new occurrence of an estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplant.

Results
The study included 998 790 adults with diabetes (56% female, mean age 59). There were 125 626 cases of iCKD. After adjustment for multiple confounders, a baseline SBP less than 130 mm Hg (odds ratio [OR] 0.79 [0.78-0.80]) and a baseline HbA1c less than 7.0% (OR 0.86 [0.85-0.87]) were negatively associated with iCKD. Sustained achievement showed stronger negative associations with iCKD than just baseline achievement. Considering each goal separately, sustained non-HDLc less than 130 mg/dL had the strongest negative association with iCKD (OR 0.67 [0.65-0.69]). Patients who maintained the triple ABC goal over the entire follow-up had 32% (29-34) lower odds of developing CKD, 38% (34-42) if they additionally kept a normal body mass index (BMI). Sustained ABC control including a normal BMI was more strongly associated with a lower incidence of CKD in patients of Black race (OR 0.72 vs 0.89; P for interaction = .002).

Conclusion
At the country level, sustained achievement of ABC goals and most especially non-HDLc were associated with substantial reductions in iCKD.
A Personal Narrative Intervention for Adults With Autism and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Birri Nicole L. , Carnahan Christina R. , Schmidt Carla , Williamson Pamela 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Due to the unique social cognitive profiles of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with and without intellectual disability (ID) sharing coherent and complex personal narratives can be challenging. To address these challenges research has focused on teaching macrostructure components using visual supports and repeated opportunities to practice. Despite success by young children with ASD and ID, the application of this instruction for adults with ASD with and without ID is still largely unknown. An ABAB single case withdrawal design was used to determine the effects of a personal narrative intervention to teach macrostructure within participant-generated personal narratives. Results indicate all participants demonstrated more coherent and complex personal narratives with the intervention. The results and implications for practice are discussed.
The Executive Function Account of Repetitive Behavior: Evidence From Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome
Authors: Waite Jane , Beck Sarah R. , Powis Laurie , Oliver Chris 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, we focus on Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) to explore the associations between executive function deficits and repetitive behaviors. Thirty individuals with RTS completed direct assessments of inhibition, working memory and set-shifting. Informants completed repetitive behavior and executive function questionnaires. Repetitive questions were associated with poorer inhibition and working memory. Stereotypy was associated with poorer inhibition. Adherence to routines was associated with poorer set-shifting, but only on the parental report measure. No other associations were evident. There is evidence of an association between specific repetitive behaviors and executive functioning in RTS, suggesting executive dysfunction may underpin behavioral difference in RTS. The findings point towards specific associations that are of interest for further research across populations in which repetitive behaviors are present.
The Mediatory Role of Executive Functioning on the Association Between Sleep and Both Everyday Memory and ADHD Symptoms in Children and Youth With Down Syndrome
Authors: Soltani Amanallah , Schworer Emily K. , Esbensen Anna J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
People with Down syndrome (DS) commonly experience challenges with sleep, executive functioning, everyday memory, and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A path analysis was conducted to determine if executive function mediated the relationship between sleep problems and both everyday memory and ADHD symptoms. Parents of 96 children and youth with DS completed questionnaires related to sleep, executive functioning, everyday memory, and ADHD symptoms. Results showed that executive functioning fully mediated the relation between sleep and both everyday memory and ADHD symptoms. Implications for education and intervention for children and youth with DS are discussed.
Optical filter wavefront distortion: out-of-band to in-band predictions and the effect of the illumination source bandwidth
Authors: Carlow Graham , Guay Jean-Michel , Christou Alex , Montcalm Claude , Badeen Adam , Sullivan Brian T. 
Published: December 2022

The wavefront distortion (WFD) of a surface with an optical filter coating is ideally measured at the operating wavelength (

λ

) and angle of incidence (

θ

) of the filter. However, this is not always possible, requiring that the filter be measured at an out-of-band wavelength and angle (typically

λ
=

633

n
m

and

θ

=

0

∘

). Since the transmitted wavefront error (TWE) and reflected wavefront error (RWE) can depend on the measurement wavelength and angle, an out-of-band measurement may not give an accurate characterization of the WFD. In this paper, we will show how to predict the wavefront error (WFE) of an optical filter at the in-band wavelength and angle from a WFE measurement at an out-of-band wavelength and different angle. This method uses (i) the theoretical phase properties of the optical coating, (ii) the measured filter thickness uniformity, and (iii) the substrate’s WFE dependence versus the angle of incidence. Reasonably good agreement was achieved between the RWE measured directly at

λ
=

1050

n
m

(

θ

=

45

∘

) and the predicted RWE based on an RWE measurement at

λ
=

660

n
m

(

θ

=

0

∘

). It is also shown through a series of TWE measurements using a light emitting diode (LED) and laser light sources that, if the TWE of a narrow bandpass filter (e.g., an 11 nm bandwidth centered at

λ
=

1050

n
m

) is measured with a broadband LED source, the WFD can be dominated by the chromatic aberration of the wavefront measuring system—hence, a light source that has a bandwidth narrower than the optical filter bandwidth should be used.
Competitive fiber optic sensors for the highly selective detection of mercury in water
Authors: Patiño-Jurado Brayan , Gaviria-Calderón Arturo , Botero-Cadavid Juan F. , Garcia-Sucerquia Jorge 
Published: December 2022

Two competitive fiber optic sensors for the rapid, sensitive, and
highly selective detection of mercury in water are designed,
fabricated, and evaluated. A wavelength-modulated sensor based on an
etched single-mode–multimode–single-mode (E-SMS) optical fiber
structure and an intensity-modulated sensor based on fiber optics with
a slanted end were fabricated by readily reproducible methods. The
sensors were activated with a nanostructured chitosan/maghemite
( CS/Fe2O3 ) composite thin film for the
selective detection of mercury ions ( Hg2+ ) in water. The functionalized
sensors were implemented to experimentally validate the potential of
CS/Fe2O3 thin film for optical sensing of
Hg2+ in drinking water. The sensor based
on the E-SMS structure exhibited a wavelength-modulated response with
a sensitivity of up to 290 pm/(µg/mL), and the sensor based on the
slanted end structure showed an intensity-modulated response with a
sensitivity of −0.07dBm/(µg/mL) . Validation of the experimental
assay method proves the ability to selectively detect chemical
interactions as low as 1 ng/mL (one part per billion) of
Hg2+ in water for both sensors. The high
specificity of the two sensors was demonstrated by evaluating their
responses to a number of potentially interfering metal ions in water.
These sensors are cost-effective, simple to construct, and easy to
implement, which makes them very promising for the on-site detection
and monitoring of mercury in bodies of water.
Optical switching a photon-avalanche-like mechanism in NdAl3(BO3)4 particles excited at 1064  nm by an auxiliary beam at 808  nm
Authors: Luz Daniel F. , da Silva Rodrigo F. , Maciel Célio V. T. , Soares Gabriela , Santos Emanuel P. , Jacinto Carlos , Maia Lauro J. Q. , Lima Bismarck C. , Moura André L. 
Published: December 2022

In recent years, an
unconventional
excitation of trivalent
neodymium ions (

N
d

3
+

) at 1064 nm, not resonant with
ground-state transitions, has been investigated with the unprecedented
demonstration of a photon-avalanche-like (PA-like) mechanism, in which
the temperature increase plays a fundamental role. As a
proof-of-concept,

N
d
A
l

3

(

B
O

3

)
4

particles were used. A consequence of
the PA-like mechanism is the absorption enhancement of excitation
photons providing light emission at a broad range covering the visible
and near-infrared spectra. In the first study, the temperature
increase was due to intrinsic nonradiative relaxations from the

N
d

3
+

and the PA-like mechanism ensued at a
given excitation power threshold (

P

t
h

). Subsequently, an external heating
source was used to trigger the PA-like mechanism while keeping the
excitation power below

P

t
h

at room temperature. Here, we
demonstrate the switching on of the PA-like mechanism by an auxiliary
beam at 808 nm, which is in resonance with the

N
d

3
+

ground-state transition

4

I

9

/

2

→

{
4

F

5

/

2

,
2

H

9

/

2

}

. It comprises the first, to the best
of our knowledge, demonstration of an optical switched PA, and the
underlying physical mechanism is the additional heating of the
particles due to the phonon emissions from the

N
d

3
+

relaxation pathways when exciting at
808 nm. The present results have potential applications in
controlled heating and remote temperature sensing.
Limited efficacy of repeated praziquantel treatment in Schistosoma mansoni infections as revealed by highly accurate diagnostics, PCR and UCP-LF CAA (RePST trial)
Authors: Hoekstra Pytsje T. , Casacuberta-Partal Miriam , van Lieshout Lisette , Corstjens Paul L. A. M. , Tsonaka Roula , Assaré Rufin K. , Silué Kigbafori D. , N’Goran Eliézer K. , N’Gbesso Yves K. , Brienen Eric A. T. , Roestenberg Meta , Knopp Stefanie , Utzinger Jürg , Coulibaly Jean T. , van Dam Govert J. 
Published: December 2022

Background
Most studies assessing praziquantel (PZQ) efficacy have used relatively insensitive diagnostic methods, thereby overestimating cure rate (CR) and intensity reduction rate (IRR). To determine accurately PZQ efficacy, we employed more sensitive DNA and circulating antigen detection methods.

Methodology
A sub-analysis was performed based on a previously published trial conducted in children from Côte d’Ivoire with a confirmed Schistosoma mansoni infection, who were randomly assigned to a standard (single dose of PZQ) or intense treatment group (4 repeated doses of PZQ at 2-week intervals). CR and IRR were estimated based on PCR detecting DNA in a single stool sample and the up-converting particle lateral flow (UCP-LF) test detecting circulating anodic antigen (CAA) in a single urine sample, and compared with traditional Kato-Katz (KK) and point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA).

Principal findings
Individuals positive by all diagnostic methods (i.e., KK, POC-CCA, PCR, and UCP-LF CAA) at baseline were included in the statistical analysis (n = 125). PCR showed a CR of 45% (95% confidence interval (CI) 32–59%) in the standard and 78% (95% CI 66–87%) in the intense treatment group, which is lower compared to the KK results (64%, 95% CI 52–75%) and 88%, 95% CI 78–93%). UCP-LF CAA showed a significantly lower CR in both groups, 16% (95% CI 11–24%) and 18% (95% CI 12–26%), even lower than observed by POC-CCA (31%, 95% CI 17–35% and 36%, 95% CI 26–47%). A substantial reduction in DNA and CAA-levels was observed after the first treatment, with no further decrease after additional treatment and no significant difference in IRR between treatment groups.

Conclusion/Significance
The efficacy of (repeated) PZQ treatment was overestimated when using egg-based diagnostics (i.e. KK and PCR). Quantitative worm-based diagnostics (i.e. POC-CCA and UCP-LF CAA) revealed that active Schistosoma infections are still present despite multiple treatments. These results stress the need for using accurate diagnostic tools to monitor different PZQ treatment strategies, in particular when moving toward elimination of schistosomiasis.

Clinical trial registration
www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02868385.
Risk factors for neonatal hypothermia at Arba Minch General Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: Tessema Tegenu , Asena Tilahun Ferede , Alemayehu Meseret Mosissa , Wube Asmare Mekonnen 
Published: December 2022

Background
The first few minutes after birth are the most dangerous for the survival of an infant. Babies in neonatal intensive care units are either under heated or overheated, and hypothermic infants remain hypothermic or develop a fever. As a result, special attention must be paid to monitoring and maintaining the time of recovery from hypothermia states. Despite numerous studies, only a few have examined the transition from neonatal hypothermia and associated risk factors in depth.

Method
A retrospective observational study was conducted to track axillary temperatures taken at the time of neonatal intensive care unit admission, which were then tracked every 30 minutes until the newborn’s temperature stabilized. All hypothermic neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between January 2018 and December 2020 was included in the study. Temperature data were available at birth and within the first three hours of admission for 391 eligible hypothermic neonates. The effect of factors on the transition rate in different states of hypothermia was estimated using a multi-state Markov model.

Result
The likelihood of progressing from mild to severe hypothermia was 5%, while the likelihood of progressing to normal was 34%. The average time spent in a severe hypothermia state was 48, 35, and 24 minutes for three different levels of birth weight, and 53, 41, and 31 minutes for low, moderate, and normal Apgar scores, respectively. Furthermore, the mean sojourn time in a severe hypothermia state was 48, 39, and 31 minutes for three different levels of high, normal, and low pulse rate, respectively.

Conclusion
For hypothermic survivors within the first three hours of life, very low birth weight, low Apgar, and high pulse rate had the strongest association with hypothermia and took the longest time to improve/recover. As a result, there is an urgent need to train all levels of staff dealing with maintaining the time of recovery from neonatal hypothermia.
Application of eccentric training in various clinical populations: Protocol for a multi-centered pilot and feasibility study in people with low back pain and people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wochatz Monique , Schraplau Anne , Engel Tilman , Zecher Mahli M. , Sharon Hadar , Alt Yasmin , Mayer Frank , Kalron Alon 
Published: December 2022

Physical activity and exercise are effective approaches in prevention and therapy of multiple diseases. Although the specific characteristics of lengthening contractions have the potential to be beneficial in many clinical conditions, eccentric training is not commonly used in clinical populations with metabolic, orthopaedic, or neurologic conditions. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility, functional benefits, and systemic responses of an eccentric exercise program focused on the trunk and lower extremities in people with low back pain (LBP) and multiple sclerosis (MS). A six-week eccentric training program with three weekly sessions is performed by people with LBP and MS. The program consists of ten exercises addressing strength of the trunk and lower extremities. The study follows a four-group design (N = 12 per group) in two study centers (Israel and Germany): three groups perform the eccentric training program: A) control group (healthy, asymptomatic); B) people with LBP; C) people with MS; group D (people with MS) receives standard care physiotherapy. Baseline measurements are conducted before first training, post-measurement takes place after the last session both comprise blood sampling, self-reported questionnaires, mobility, balance, and strength testing. The feasibility of the eccentric training program will be evaluated using quantitative and qualitative measures related to the study process, compliance and adherence, safety, and overall program assessment. For preliminary assessment of potential intervention effects, surrogate parameters related to mobility, postural control, muscle strength and systemic effects are assessed. The presented study will add knowledge regarding safety, feasibility, and initial effects of eccentric training in people with orthopaedic and neurological conditions. The simple exercises, that are easily modifiable in complexity and intensity, are likely beneficial to other populations. Thus, multiple applications and implementation pathways for the herein presented training program are conceivable.
Trial registration: DRKS00020483 (DRKS, German Clinical Trials Register; 24th January 2020 –retrospectively registered; https://www.drks.de/DRKS00020483).
Study protocol for a randomized clinical trial to assess 7 versus 14-days of treatment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections (SHORTEN-2 trial)
Authors: Molina José , Rosso-Fernández Clara María , Montero-Mateos Enrique , Paño-Pardo José Ramón , Solla María , Guisado-Gil Ana Belén , Álvarez-Marín Rocío , Pachón-Ibáñez María Eugenia , Gimeno Adelina , Martín-Gutiérrez Guillermo , Lepe José Antonio , Cisneros José Miguel ,   on behalf of the SHORTEN-2 trial team
Published: December 2022

Background
Research priorities in Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) have rapidly evolved in the last decade. The need for a more efficient use of antimicrobials have fueled plenty of studies to define the optimal duration for antibiotic treatments, and yet, there still are large areas of uncertainty in common clinical scenarios. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been pointed as a priority for clinical research, but it has been unattended by most randomized trials tackling the effectiveness of short treatments. The study protocol of the SHORTEN-2 trial is presented as a practical example of new ways to approach common obstacles for clinical research in AMS.

Objective
To determine whether a 7-day course of antibiotics is superior to 14-day schemes for treating bloodstream infections by P. aeruginosa (BSI-PA).

Methods
A superiority, open-label, randomized controlled trial will be performed across 30 Spanish hospitals. Adult patients with uncomplicated BSI-PA will be randomized to receive a 7 versus 14-day course of any active antibiotic. The primary endpoint will be the probability for the 7-day group of achieving better outcomes than the control group, assessing altogether clinical effectiveness, severe adverse events, and antibiotic exposure through a DOOR/RADAR analysis. Main secondary endpoints include treatment failure, BSI-PA relapses, and mortality. A superiority design was set for the primary endpoint and non-inferiority for treatment failure, resulting in a sample size of 304 patients.

Conclusions
SHORTEN-2 trial aligns with some of the priorities for clinical research in AMS. The implementation of several methodological innovations allowed overcoming common obstacles, like feasible sample sizes or measuring the clinical impact and unintended effects.

Trial registration
EudraCt: 2021-003847-10; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05210439.
Machine learning for prediction of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia
Authors: Shim Jae-Geum , Ryu Kyoung-Ho , Cho Eun-Ah , Ahn Jin Hee , Cha Yun Byeong , Lim Goeun , Lee Sung Hyun 
Published: December 2022

Background
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a still highly relevant problem and is known to be a distressing side effect in patients. The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning model to predict PONV up to 24 h with fentanyl-based intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA).

Methods
From July 2019 and July 2020, data from 2,149 patients who received fentanyl-based IV-PCA for analgesia after non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia were applied to develop predictive models. The rates of PONV at 1 day after surgery were measured according to patient characteristics as well as anesthetic, surgical, or PCA-related factors. All statistical analyses and computations were performed using the R software.

Results
A total of 2,149 patients were enrolled in this study, 337 of whom (15.7%) experienced PONV. After applying the machine-learning algorithm and Apfel model to the test dataset to predict PONV, we found that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve using logistic regression was 0.576 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.520–0.633), k-nearest neighbor was 0.597 (95% CI, 0.537–0.656), decision tree was 0.561 (95% CI, 0.498–0.625), random forest was 0.610 (95% CI, 0.552–0.668), gradient boosting machine was 0.580 (95% CI, 0.520–0.639), support vector machine was 0.649 (95% CI, 0.592–0.707), artificial neural network was 0.686 (95% CI, 0.630–0.742), and Apfel model was 0.643 (95% CI, 0.596–0.690).

Conclusions
We developed and validated machine learning models for predicting PONV in the first 24 h. The machine learning model showed better performance than the Apfel model in predicting PONV.