bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suvorexant Acutely Decreases Tau Phosphorylation and Aβ in the Human CNS
Authors: Lucey Brendan P. , Liu Haiyan , Toedebusch Cristina D. , Freund David , Redrick Tiara , Chahin Samir L. , Mawuenyega Kwasi G. , Bollinger James G. , Ovod Vitaliy , Barthélemy Nicolas R. , Bateman Randall J. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveIn Alzheimer's disease, hyperphosphorylated tau is associated with formation of insoluble paired helical filaments that aggregate as neurofibrillary tau tangles and are associated with neuronal loss and cognitive symptoms. Dual orexin receptor antagonists decrease soluble amyloid‐β levels and amyloid plaques in mouse models overexpressing amyloid‐β, but have not been reported to affect tau phosphorylation. In this randomized controlled trial, we tested the acute effect of suvorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, on amyloid‐β, tau, and phospho‐tau.MethodsThirty‐eight cognitively unimpaired participants aged 45 to 65 years were randomized to placebo (N = 13), suvorexant 10 mg (N = 13), and suvorexant 20 mg (N = 12). Six milliliters of cerebrospinal fluid were collected via an indwelling lumbar catheter every 2 hours for 36 hours starting at 20:00. Participants received placebo or suvorexant at 21:00. All samples were processed and measured for multiple forms of amyloid‐β, tau, and phospho‐tau via immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry.ResultsThe ratio of phosphorylated‐tau‐threonine‐181 to unphosphorylated‐tau‐threonine‐181, a measure of phosphorylation at this tau phosphosite, decreased ~10% to 15% in participants treated with suvorexant 20 mg compared to placebo. However, phosphorylation at tau‐serine‐202 and tau‐threonine‐217 were not decreased by suvorexant. Suvorexant decreased amyloid‐β ~10% to 20% compared to placebo starting 5 hours after drug administration.InterpretationIn this study, suvorexant acutely decreased tau phosphorylation and amyloid‐β concentrations in the central nervous system. Suvorexant is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treatment insomnia and may have potential as a repurposed drug for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease, however, future studies with chronic treatment are needed. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:27–40
Improved barrier properties of biodegradable PBAT films for packaging applications using EVOH: Morphology, permeability, biodegradation, and mechanical properties
Authors: Elhamnia Mehdi , Motlagh Ghodratollah Hashemi , Jafari Seyed Hassan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOxygen transmission rate (OTR) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) were improved by poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH). PBAT/EVOH blends at varying amounts of EVOH were prepared through melt mixing and characterized by OTR, WVTR, SEM, DSC, FTIR, biodegradation in soil, hydrolytic degradation, and tensile tests. EVOH considerably improved the barrier properties of PBAT, example, 77% reduction in OTR and 40% reduction in WVTR at 50 wt% EVOH. Four models of Maxwell, Higuchi, Chiew & Glandt, and Levy were used to evaluate morphology and mechanism of transmission. A high elongation at break of 730% was observed for PBAT/EVOH blends up to 20 wt% EVOH but after that it severely dropped to 350% due to limited compatibility between the two polymers. Limited hydrogen bonding between PBAT and EVOH was observed by FTIR. EVOH accelerated the hydrolytic degradation of PBAT due to its high‐water absorption capacity. This was not observed for biodegradation in soil suggesting that EVOH may retard microbial activity. After 540 h of hydrolytic degradation, the melting point and crystallization temperature of remaining PBAT increased by 5 and 10°C due to more degradation in adipate rubbery domains and less degradation in terephthalate hard segments.
ChatGPTand a new academic reality:Artificial Intelligence‐writtenresearch papers and the ethics of the large language models in scholarly publishing
Authors: Lund Brady D. , Wang Ting , Mannuru Nishith Reddy , Nie Bing , Shimray Somipam , Wang Ziang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article discusses OpenAI's ChatGPT, a generative pre‐trained transformer, which uses natural language processing to fulfill text‐based user requests (i.e., a “chatbot”). The history and principles behind ChatGPT and similar models are discussed. This technology is then discussed in relation to its potential impact on academia and scholarly research and publishing. ChatGPT is seen as a potential model for the automated preparation of essays and other types of scholarly manuscripts. Potential ethical issues that could arise with the emergence of large language models like GPT‐3, the underlying technology behind ChatGPT, and its usage by academics and researchers, are discussed and situated within the context of broader advancements in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing for research and scholarly publishing.
A new strategy of transforming an ACQ compound into an AIE theranostic system for bacterial imaging and photodynamic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Xu Lijing , Zhai Jiadai , Han Xue , Shang Wenxue , Chen Mengna , Xu Yanling , Cui Xinyi , Zu Guohao , Sang Feng , Zhang Bin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn organic chemical with fluorescence quenching properties [aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ)] may often be transformed by adding functional groups that cause aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) to its molecular scaffold. Such structural change techniques, however, sometimes require challenging chemical reactions. SF136 is a type of chalcone, and it is an typical ACQ organic compound. In this study, cationic surfactants like hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were used to convert the ACQ compound SF136 into an AIE compound without adding any AIE structure units. In comparison to SF136, the SF136‐CTAB NPS system not only demonstrated improved bacterial fluorescence imaging capabilities, but also increased photodynamic antibacterial activity, which is connected to its improved targeting and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production abilities. It is a promising theranostic substance against bacteria owing to these enhanced qualities. Other ACQ fluorescent compounds may also benefit from using this approach, broadening the scope of their potential applications.
Quantitative evaluation of brightness of fluorescent nanoparticles usingDNAorigami standards
Authors: Lee Mina , Joo Sihwa , Lee Tae Geol 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) are widely used in various applications owing to their brightness, stability, and biocompatibility. When FNPs are used as probes, the quantities of the targets are estimated from the fluorescence generated by the probes. Information on the brightness of FNPs is thus essential for the reliable analysis of targets; however, accurate methods to measure it have not been established yet. Here, we present a novel method that quantitatively evaluates the brightness of FNPs, using DNA origami as a standard. DNA origami particles labeled with different numbers of fluorophores are imaged, and their brightness is analyzed at the single‐particle level. By comparing with the origami data, the brightness of two commercially available FNPs was determined in terms of the equivalent number of fluorophores (ENF). This method is easy to implement because DNA origami standards with various fluorophores and stoichiometry can be readily prepared.
Effects of processing on the efficacy and metabolites of Cistanche tubulosa using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Lei Huibo , Xin Jiayun , Lv Yanhui , Chen Wei , Xu Xike , Wang Jinxin , Tian Saisai , Xie Bin , Shen Yunheng , Zu Xianpeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCistanche tubulosa (CT), a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine, has always been processed with rice wine for the treatment of kidney‐yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) since time immemorial. To explore the effect of processing on the efficacy and metabolites of CT in vivo, a comprehensive method using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was established for the analysis of the altered endogenous metabolites in response to the intervention of the raw and processed CT in KYDS model and the metabolites of the absorbed compounds in rats after gastric perfusion. It was shown that CT could improve KYDS, and the effect of the processed product was more significant. A total of 47 differential metabolites were identified in urine. Pathway analysis proved that purine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; and citrate cycle were the main pathways. Furthermore, 53 prototypes and 48 metabolites have been detected in rats. This was the first systematic research focus on the metabolites of raw and processed CT in vivo, which could provide a scientific basis for explaining the increasing efficiency of the processed CT. Moreover, it provides a valuable strategy for analyzing the chemical components and metabolites of other TCM prescriptions.
Targeted metabolomics analysis for serum Helicobacter pylori–positive based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Jin , Shan Jiaying , Zhang Yaosheng , Shi Yu , Lu Dongdong , Wu Yichao , Guo Xi Ping , Liu Han , Wang Jie , Hu Naidong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori), as a harmful bacteria associated with gastric cancer, can have adverse effects on human normal flora and metabolism. However, the effects of H. pylori on human metabolism have not been fully elucidated. The 13C breathing test was used as the basis for distinguishing negative and positive groups. Serum samples were collected from the two groups for targeted quantitative metabolomics detection; multidimensional statistics were used, including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), and differential metabolites were screened. Unidimensional statistics combined with multidimensional statistics were used to further screen potential biomarkers, and finally pathway analysis was performed. SPSS 21.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of experimental data. Multivariate statistical analysis such as PLS‐DA, PCA, and OPLS‐DA was performed using Simca‐P 13.0 to search for differential metabolites. This study confirmed that H. pylori caused significant changes in human metabolism. In this experiment, 211 metabolites were detected in the serum of the two groups. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that PCA of metabolites was not significantly different between the two groups. PLS−DA indicated that the serum of the two groups was well clustered. There were significant differences in metabolites between OPLS−DA groups. By setting the variable importance in projection (VIP) threshold as one and the corresponding P−value <0.05, a total of 40 metabolites were screened in this study. P <0.05 and ∣log2FC∣>0 (where FC is the fold change) were used together as a unidimensional statistical filter condition. The analysis found that the expression of 15 metabolites such as propionic acid, acetic acid, adipic acid increased, and the metabolism of six products such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), 4−hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, pyruvic acid decreased. P <0.05, false discovery rate <0.5, ∣log2FC∣>1, and OPLSDA_VIP>1 were used together as a condition for filter screening potential biomarkers. Four potential biomarkers were screened, which were sebacic acid, isovaleric acid, DCA, and indole−3−carboxylic acid. Finally, the different metabolites were added to the pathway‐associated metabolite sets (SMPDB) library for the corresponding pathway enrichment analysis. The significant abnormal metabolic pathways were taurine and subtaurine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, etc. This study shows that H. pylori has an impact on human metabolism. Not only a variety of metabolites have significant changes, but also metabolic pathways are abnormal, which may be the reason for the high risk of H. pylori causing gastric cancer.
Pedagogical principles used by anatomy teachers to facilitate the teaching and learning of anatomy to physiotherapy undergraduates in the United Kingdom
Authors: Gangata Hope , Vigurs Katy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe teaching of anatomy for physiotherapy differs from other health professions, and yet there is lack of guidance for the best practice in the literature, especially within the United Kingdom (UK). The present study aimed to provide the most effective pedagogical guidance for teaching a typical anatomy curriculum for a three‐year BSc Physiotherapy degree program within the UK. The research design used a constructivist grounded theory where semi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight registered physiotherapists teaching anatomy to undergraduate physiotherapy students within the UK. The study generated 72,292 words of qualitative data that were thematically analyzed using Saldaña's coding techniques until data saturation was reached. The results had three main components: a pedagogical backdrop composed of five pedagogical issues, pedagogical approaches with its three sub‐components and pedagogical timings of phases of when anatomical teaching was conducted across the three undergraduate physiotherapy degree programs. The cognitive load theory (CLT) best explained the results through five main pedagogical principles: spiral curriculum strategies, visual anatomical imagery, kinesthetic anatomical skills, strategies for teaching clinical physiotherapy anatomy, and using anatomical principles for metacognition. The study proposes a new modified version of CLT which acknowledges that newly acquired knowledge is fragile in novice learners, who have limited long‐term memory capacities, and subsequently require regular revisitations, and also acknowledges kinesthetic input and germane cognitive load metacognition strategies. The study recommends appointing anatomy theme leads to take responsibility for the spiral curriculum approach across the 3 years and to introduce explicit anatomy teaching during the later clinical years.
Brønsted Acid Promoted Facile Synthesis of Benzoacridines from Aromatic Aldehydes and N‐Phenyl Naphthylamines
Authors: Chen Ting , Tan Bin , Huang Zhi , Mao Guojiang , Chen Shanping , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA facile method for the rapid synthesis of benzoacridines has been described. This protocol promoted by p‐toluenesulfonic acid starts from aromatic aldehydes and N‐phenyl naphthylamines, affording a variety of benzoacridines in 30–90 % yields under metal‐free conditions. The present approach involves a cascade of condensation, Friedel‐Crafts alkylation, annulation and dehydroaromatization in one pot.
Two New Eremophilane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids from Japanese Liverwort Bazzania japonica
Authors: Fukada Ryosuke , Kawano Jin , Tsuruta Tomoki , Nonaka Takuto , Sato Kosuke , Miyajima Susumu , Ishigami Shinnosuke , Ishii Takahiro , Nishikawa Keisuke , Asakawa Yoshinori , Kamada Takashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo new eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoids, fusumaols A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the stem‐leafy liverwort, Bazzania japonica collected in Mori‐Machi, Shizuoka, Japan. Their structures were established using extensive spectroscopic (IR, MS, and 2D NMR) data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the modified Mosher's method. This is the first time eremophilanes have been discovered in the liverwort genus Bazzania. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their repellent activity against the adult population of the rice weevil Sitophilus zeamais using the modified filter paper impregnation method. Both sesquiterpenoids showed moderate repellent activities.
Investigation of Antimicrobial, Anti‐Quorum Sensing, and Cytotoxic Activities of Flavonoids Isolated from Pulicaria armena Boiss. & Kotschy ex Boiss. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Başpınar Yasemin , Gürbüz Perihan , Dilem Doğan Şengül , Gözde Gündüz Miyase , Aleksic Ivana , Vojnovic Sandra , Nikodinovic‐Runic Jasmina , Yavuz Paksoy Mehmet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis is the first report on the separation and biological assessment of all metabolites derived from Pulicaria armena (Asteraceae) which is an endemic species narrowly distributed in the eastern part of Turkey. The phytochemical analysis of P. armena resulted in the identification of one simple phenolic glucoside together with eight flavon and flavonol derivatives whose chemical structures were elucidated by NMR experiments and by the comparison of the spectral data with the relevant literature. The screening of all molecules for their antimicrobial, anti‐quorum sensing, and cytotoxic activities revealed the biological potential of some of the isolated compounds. Additionally, quorum sensing inhibitory activity of quercetagetin 5,7,3’ trimethyl ether was supported by molecular docking studies in the active site of LasR which is the primary regulator of this cell‐to‐cell communication system in bacteria. Lastly, the critical molecular properties indicating drug‐likeness of the compounds isolated from P. armena were predicted. As microbial infections can be a serious problem for cancer patients with compromised immune systems, this comprehensive phytochemical research on P. armena with its anti‐quorum sensing and cytotoxic compounds can provide a new approach to the treatment.
Take Advantage of the N‐Nucleophilicity of Imine in Catalytic Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Wang Linqing , Yang Dongxu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImines, or Schiff bases are basic and important synthons in modern chemical synthesis, which are widely used in methodological studies, synthesis of natural products or pharmaceutical agents, construction of organic porous materials and relative late‐stage modifications. In most cases, the imines often act as “electrophilic reagents” in reactions on the basis of their C‐electrophilicity owing to the dipole effect of the C=N bond. However, on the other hand, reactions initiated by the N‐nucleophilicity of imine, draw relatively less attentions. In this concept article, we try to give a concise summary of the reactions, especially the cyclization reaction that are initiated by the N‐nucleophilicity of imine. The basic measurement data and discussions of the N‐nucleophilicity of different imines, relative possible mechanisms, catalytic strategies, and reaction types in this context are briefly discussed. We hope the imines, as one of the basic chemical synthons in organic synthesis, will be utilized in broader scope in the future by taking advantage of their N‐nucleophilicity.
Identifying the relationships between subsurface absorber defects and the characteristics of kesterite solar cells
Authors: Son Dae‐Ho , Jeon Dong‐Hwan , Kim Dae‐Hwan , Kang Jin‐Kyu , Sung Shi‐Joon , Lee Jaebaek , Lee Taeseon , Enkhbayar Enkhjargal , Kim JunHo , Yang Kee‐Jeong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the defect characteristics that occur near the space‐charge regions (SCRs) of kesterite (CZTSSe) solar cells is important because the recombination loss at the CZTSSe/CdS interface is considered the main cause of their low efficiency. CZTSSe surfaces with different elemental compositions were formed without polishing (C00) and with polishing for 20 s (C20) and 60 s (C60). For C60, a specific region near the SCR was excessively Cu‐rich and Zn‐poor compared to C00 and C20. Various charged defects formed where the elemental variation was large. As the main deep acceptor defect energy level (Ea2) near the SCR increased, the efficiency, open‐circuit voltage deficit, and current density degraded, and this phenomenon was especially rapid for large Ea2 values. As the Ea2 near the SCR became deep, the carrier diffusion length decreased more for the CZTSSe solar cells with a low carrier mobility than for the CuInGaSe2 (CIGSe) solar cells. The large amplitude of the electrostatic potential fluctuation in the CZTSSe solar cells induced a high carrier recombination and a short carrier lifetime. Consequently, the properties of the CZTSSe solar cells were more strongly degraded by defects with deep energy levels near the SCR than those of the CIGSe solar cells.
Simulation workflows to predict the circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence of chiral materials
Authors: Fortino Mariagrazia , Schifino Gioacchino , Pietropaolo Adriana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChiral materials are attracting considerable interest in various fields in view of their unique properties and optical activity. Indeed, the peculiar features of chiral materials to absorb and emit circularly polarized light enable their use in an extensive range of applications. Motivated by the interest in boosting the development of chiral materials characterized by enhanced chiroptical properties such as circular dichroism (CD) and circular polarized luminescence (CPL), we herein illustrate in this tutorial how theoretical simulations can be used for the predictions and interpretations of chiroptical data and for the identification of chiral geometries. We are focusing on computational frameworks that can be used to investigate the theoretical aspects of chiral materials' photophysical and conformational characteristics. We will then illustrate ab initio methods based on density functional theory (DFT) and its time‐dependent extension (TD‐DFT) to simulate CD and CPL signals, and we will exemplify a variety of enhanced sampling techniques useful for an adequate sampling of the configurational space for chiral systems.
UChOA‐ANN based effective diagnostic model for early detection and accurate prediction of dengue affected blood samples
Authors: Ramakrishna Malige Mahadevaiah , Karthikeyan Vedanandam 
Published: March 2023

SummaryDengue virus infection is one of the major worldwide health issues and a substantial epidemic infectious human disease. More than 2 billion humans live in dengue susceptible regions with an annual infection mortality rate is about 5%–20%. At the initial stages, it is difficult to differentiate dengue fever symptoms from other similar diseases. Therefore, early diagnosis of dengue disease can help in protecting human lives by making a preventive move before it turns into an infectious disease. Although early detection is critical to reducing dengue disease deaths, accurate dengue diagnosis requires a long time due to the numerous clinical examinations. For this, several techniques have been presented. But, the accuracy of these methods is not enough. Thus, this issue necessitates the development of a new diagnostic schema. Hence, to identify the dengue‐affected blood samples effectively, Updated Chimp Optimization Algorithm‐Artificial Neural Network (UChOA‐ANN) based diagnostic model is proposed in this paper. UChOA‐ANN‐based diagnostic model has been implemented and validated for the early detection and accurate prediction of dengue disease. Here, to improve the performance of ANN, UChOA is used for selecting the weight parameters of ANN optimally. The results show that the proposed diagnostic model has achieved maximum sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy at 92%, 96%, and 94%, respectively. In addition, the results reveal that the proposed diagnostic model has outperformed other methods for detecting dengue‐affected blood samples in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, NPV, FPR, FNR, and FDR. Our proposed diagnostic model has been capable to diagnose dengue in assisting doctors in its early stage with high accuracy.