bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods and tools for handling, transportation, weighing, and pelletization applied to the initial analysis of volatile components in the Hayabusa2 samples
Authors: Okazaki Ryuji , Yamanouchi Shinji , Shimada Kazuhiko , Baba Atsushi , Kitajima Fumio , Yada Toru 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Hayabusa2 spacecraft succeeded in sampling and returning materials from the C-type, near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu. As part of the Hayabusa2 Initial Analyses, chemical and isotopic compositions of volatile species were measured. The samples analyzed were grains of about 1 mm in diameter and were individually treated without exposure to Earth’s atmosphere throughout the entire analytical/experimental processes to minimize alteration and contamination effects by adsorption of Earth’s atmosphere or chemical reactions with reactive species such as oxygen and water in Earth’s atmosphere. In order to perform spectroscopic and electron-microscopic observations in advance of a series of the isotopic measurements, the sample surface needed to be smoothed. We employed a pelletization method to obtain the required flatness for the returned samples because pelletization is a less sample-consuming method compared to mechanical polishing, microtomy, or ion milling. In order to perform the subsequent analyses, the samples must undergo minimal contamination during the pelletization procedure and be easy to remove from the pelletization tools. Therefore, embedding with resins or low-melting-point metals was not employed. Under these constraints, tools and methods for sample pelletization, handling, and transportation were developed. The tools developed for pelletization and housing also contributed to easier handling of small (less than about 1 mm in diameter) samples. Here we describe the methods and the tools that enable treatment of pristine asteroidal samples under non-atmospheric exposure conditions throughout transportation, weighing, pelletization, and installation into the instruments for chemical and isotopic measurements. The methods and tools we developed can be applied to other small samples including meteorites, cosmic dust, and future returned samples.
Graphical Abstract
Asymptomatic versus symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cross-sectional seroprevalence study
Authors: El-Ghitany Engy Mohamed , Hashish Mona H. , Farghaly Azza Galal , Omran Eman A. , Osman Nermin A. , Fekry Marwa M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Although symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection predisposes patients to develop complications, the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection state is of public health importance being a hidden source of infection. Moreover, the asymptomatic state may camouflage the actual burden of the disease.

Methods
Data of 1434 seropositive participants for SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S) and/or nucleocapsid antibodies (anti-N) were retrieved from a larger cross-sectional survey on COVID-19. Relevant data were retrieved from records including socio-demographic, medical, and behavioral characteristics of seropositive participants as well as history of COVID-19 symptoms during the last 6 months. Symptomatic/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was categorized based on the history of the presence or absence of COVID-19 symptoms.

Results
The rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 34.9%. There was a statistically significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants regarding age, residence, medical conditions, habits, and infection control measures. The number of symptoms was positively correlated with anti-S titer and both were positively correlated with adult body mass index. Slum areas residence, client-facing occupation or being a healthcare worker, having lung disease, having blood group type A, never practicing exercise or social distancing, never using soap for hand washing, and minimal engagement in online working/studying were independent factors associated with the symptomatic state. Patients having less than three symptoms were less likely to be diagnosed by any means.

Conclusions
One-third of SARS-CoV-2 infections in our study were asymptomatic. This mandates applying proper measures to prevent transmission even from apparently healthy individuals. Modifiable factors associated with symptomatic infection should be controlled to reduce the risk of COVID-19 complications.
Pregnancy in lupus: an updated consensus to guide best practice strategies
Authors: Mohammed Reem Hamdy A. , Mumtaz Hassan , Sangah Abdul Basit , Shaikh Shazia Saleem , Nasir Noreen , Jabeen Sidra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus is a multifaceted chronic relapsing autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. The disease has always been a serious diagnosis in women being a multisystem pathology that is classically encountered during the childbearing age posing serious systemic comorbidities with a potential impact on the functional performance, psychosocial status, and survival. In this article, we review critical issues related to the decision to conceive in female with lupus highlighting the impact of the diagnosis and disease activity status on the mother and the fetus, attempting to suggest a consensus to guide safe decision making for pregnancy with SLE.Main bodyThe pleomorphic dysregulated immune nature of lupus in the presence of uncontrolled disease carries a higher risk of complicated pregnancy. Therefore, SLE pregnancies should be well planned and are usually encouraged if the disease is inactive (at least 6 months prior to conception) to ensure immune quiescence towards a safer outcome.ConclusionWith the proper implementation of preconception counseling strategy, choice of the correct timing of conception, close monitoring of SLE flares with tight control, and the appreciation of the value of multidisciplinary management to best practice most young women with SLE can carry on successful pregnancies with favorable outcome.
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Geng Tingting , Chen Jun-Xiang , Zhou Yan-Feng , Lu Qi , Wan Zhenzhen , Liu Liegang , Pan An , Liu Gang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Context
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used drugs for gastric acid–related diseases and may affect the gut microbiome.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the associations of PPI use with risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
We analyzed the associations of PPI use with risks of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), stroke, and all-cause mortality in 19 229 adults with T2D using data from the UK Biobank study.

Results
During a median follow-up of 10.9 to 11.2 years, we documented 2971 CAD, 1827 MI, 1192 HF, and 738 stroke cases, along with 2297 total deaths. PPI use was significantly associated with higher risks of CAD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.15-1.40), MI (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.18-1.52), HF (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16-1.57), and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.16-1.45). No statistically significant association was observed between PPI use and stroke (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.90-1.36). The results were consistent in the subgroup analyses stratified by factors including indications of PPI, antidiabetic medication use, and antiplatelet drug use. Analyses in a 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort of PPI users vs nonusers yielded similar results.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that PPI use is associated with higher risks of CVD events and mortality among patients with T2D. The benefits and risks of PPI use should be carefully balanced among patients with T2D, and monitoring of adverse CVD events during PPI therapy should be enhanced.
Challenges Facing the Development and Market Introduction of Hardwood Cross-Laminated Timbers
Authors: Hassler Curt , McNeel Joseph F. , Denes Levente , Norris Jonathan , Bencsik Balasz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The interest in softwood-based cross-laminated timber (CLT) production has in turn generated a great deal of interest in producing CLT from hardwood species. This prospect of a new market for hardwood lumber is a significant driver behind efforts to gain certification of hardwoods within American Panel Association (APA) PRG 320, Standard for Performance-Rated Cross-Laminated Timber. However, a number of challenges present significant hurdles for gaining acceptance of hardwoods in CLT manufacturing. These include differences in how softwoods and hardwoods are produced and marketed (e.g., structural lumber markets [softwoods] vs. appearance-grade markets [hardwoods]), lumber grading differences, available sizes of hardwood lumber, drying differences between hardwoods and softwoods, and gluing particularities with hardwoods. This paper identifies the various issues involved with introducing hardwoods into a softwood-dominated market and what it will take to be competitive within the overall CLT market.
Vitamin D knowledge and sun exposure practices among Sri Lankan healthcare undergraduates
Authors: Liyanage Guwani , Jayathunga Sanjana , Amarasekara Thamara 
Published: December 2022

Introduction
Although overexposure to ultraviolet radiation may lead to skin cancer, inadequate exposure results in vitamin D deficiency (VDD). We explored vitamin D-related knowledge and sun exposure practices among Sri Lankan healthcare undergraduates.

Methods
The sampling frame consisted of medical and allied health undergraduates in a single centre. A newly developed, pre-piloted, self-administered questionnaire collected data on vitamin D knowledge, sun avoidance behaviour and outdoor time. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis examined the factors related to outdoor time.

Results
A total of 482 were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) vitamin D knowledge score (0–100% scale) was 31.3% (18%). Only 17.8% scored ≥50% for knowledge. At least one sun avoidance measure was used by 59.3% of the undergraduates. A lower knowledge score was observed with a higher number of sun-avoidance behaviour (mean difference 0.84, p = 0.03). The majority (66%) spent outdoors <30 minutes per day between 9 am-3 pm. The odds of having low outdoor time were 1.6 higher for the female sex (OR:1.61, 95%CI:1.039, 2.492, p<0.001) and studying in the final year (OR:1.63, 95%CI:1.020, 2.602, p = 0.04). Medical students had a higher likelihood of low outdoor time (OR:0.55, 95%CI: 0.361, 0.835, p = 0.005).

Conclusions
The healthcare undergraduates had low vitamin D knowledge and outdoor time while having increased sun avoidance. Gender, course of study, and academic year appeared to affect outdoor time. Support and guidance should improve knowledge and sun exposure habits that suit academic work and lifestyle in this population. Also, universities can actively promote positive sun exposure by organizing outdoor events.
Challenges in evaluating the accuracy of AI-containing digital triage systems: A systematic review
Authors: Ilicki Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionPatient-operated digital triage systems with AI components are becoming increasingly common. However, previous reviews have found a limited amount of research on such systems’ accuracy. This systematic review of the literature aimed to identify the main challenges in determining the accuracy of patient-operated digital AI-based triage systems.MethodsA systematic review was designed and conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines in October 2021 using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Articles were included if they assessed the accuracy of a patient-operated digital triage system that had an AI-component and could triage a general primary care population. Limitations and other pertinent data were extracted, synthesized and analysed. Risk of bias was not analysed as this review studied the included articles’ limitations (rather than results). Results were synthesized qualitatively using a thematic analysis.ResultsThe search generated 76 articles and following exclusion 8 articles (6 primary articles and 2 reviews) were included in the analysis. Articles’ limitations were synthesized into three groups: epistemological, ontological and methodological limitations. Limitations varied with regards to intractability and the level to which they can be addressed through methodological choices. Certain methodological limitations related to testing triage systems using vignettes can be addressed through methodological adjustments, whereas epistemological and ontological limitations require that readers of such studies appraise the studies with limitations in mind.DiscussionThe reviewed literature highlights recurring limitations and challenges in studying the accuracy of patient-operated digital triage systems with AI components. Some of these challenges can be addressed through methodology whereas others are intrinsic to the area of inquiry and involve unavoidable trade-offs. Future studies should take these limitations in consideration in order to better address the current knowledge gaps in the literature.
Extended regimen of a levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol transdermal delivery system: Predicted serum hormone levels using a population pharmacokinetic model
Authors: Stanczyk Frank Z. , Archer David F. , Lohmer Lauren R. L. , Pirone Jason , Previtera Michelle , Korner Paul 
Published: December 2022

Objective
This study employed population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models to predict levonorgestrel (LNG) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) exposure after dosing with the transdermal contraceptive TWIRLA® (LNG/EE TDS) as a 12-week extended regimen in a healthy female population.

Methods
PopPK models were developed using data from a previously published phase 1, open-label, randomized clinical trial, ATI-CL14 (NCT01243580), in 36 healthy individuals. Models used cycle 2 data from 18 individuals who received the LNG/EE TDS, delivering LNG 120 μg/day and EE 30 μg/day, followed by a 1-week TDS-free period. Noncompartmental PK analyses were performed on simulated concentration–time profiles of 12 consecutive weeks of LNG/EE TDS use.

Results
The simulated concentration–time profiles and PK parameters for the simulated extended regimen indicated that predicted LNG and EE exposures at week 12 were similar to week 3 (predicted geometric mean EE area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to 168 h [AUC0-168] on week 3 was 0.2% lower than week 12 and LNG AUC0-168 on week 3 was 0.9% lower than week 12), suggesting both were at steady state by week 3. Therefore, no notable accumulation beyond that at week 3 is predicted for LNG and EE following a 12-week extended regimen. The results are supported by the accumulation ratios based on maximum concentration and the area under the curve being similar at weeks 3 and 12 for LNG and EE.

Conclusion
These results indicate that a 12-week extended LNG/EE regimen would provide similar systemic hormonal exposure as that seen by week 3 in a standard 28-day regimen, without further hormonal accumulation. The data support the safe use of a non-daily, low-dose hormonal contraceptive in an extended regimen but should be confirmed in a clinical PK study.
Australian Radio Listeners and Television Viewers: Historical Perspectives, Bridget Griffen-Foley (2020)
Authors: Brien Donna Lee 
Published: December 2022

Review of: Australian Radio Listeners and Television Viewers: Historical Perspectives, Bridget Griffen-Foley (2020)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 167 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03054-636-6, h/bk, AUD 79
ISBN 978-3-03054-639-7, p/bk, AUD 79
ISBN 978-3-03054-637-3, e-book, AUD 66
CATATAN ATAS FORMULASI KEBIJAKAN PERUBAHAN TARIF PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI (PPN) DI INDONESIA
Authors: Aryani Lanatasya , Tambunan Maria R.U.D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstraksiThe formulation of the Value-added tax (VAT) rate change policy is one of the government's efforts in implementing tax reform. The formulation of this policy consists of an increase in the VAT rate and adopt multiple-rate VATs. The goals are to raise tax revenue for the Indonesian government and recover from the pandemic's economic consequences. Nevertheless, most citizens think that this policy will harm them. This study aims to review the formulation process of the VAT rate change policy. This study uses a qualitative methodological approach and literature study method as the data collection technique. The result shows that the increase in the VAT rate has opened opportunities to optimize the country's revenue. Furthermore, adopt multiple-rate VATs also has opened opportunities to minimize the distortion caused by the provision of the VAT exemption facilities that lack of accuracy. However, the increase in the VAT rate has increased the price of the products and services and burden the citizens. Adopt multiple-rate VAT has also increased the compliance cost for the taxpayer and administration cost for the government.Keywords: value added tax, tax rate, tax policyAbstrakFormulasi kebijakan perubahan tarif PPN di Indonesia menjadi salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam melaksanakan reformasi perpajakan. Kebijakan perubahan tarif PPN terdiri dari kenaikan tarif PPN dan penggunaan skema multitarif PPN. Kebijakan tersebut disusun oleh pemerintah dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan penerimaan negara dan memulihkan perekonomian akibat pandemi. Namun, kebijakan tersebut justru memperoleh respons yang buruk dari masyarakat karena dinilai akan memberikan dampak negatif bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk menganalisis proses penyusunan formulasi kebijakan perubahan tarif PPN. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data kualitatif berupa kajian kepustakaan kajian pustaka sebagai teknik pengumpulan datanya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan tarif PPN berpeluang bagi negara untuk dapat mengoptimalkan penerimaannya. Kemudian, pengunaan skema multitarif PPN juga berpeluang untuk dapat meminimalisir distorsi yang terjadi akibat pemberian fasilitas PPN yang kurang tepat sasaran. Namun, kenaikan tarif PPN telah menimbulkan kenaikan harga barang dan jasa yang menjadi beban bagi masyarakat. Selain itu, penggunaan skema multitarif PPN akan meningkatkan biaya kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dan biaya administrasi.Kata Kunci: PPN, tarif PPN, kebijakan PPN
Tinjauan Yuridis Penerapan Sidik Jari Para Penghadap Dalam Minuta Akta Notaris
Authors: Maramis Kezia Deborapingkanangel , Setyowati Rofah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn making the Minuta Deed, it is required to sign the parties' signatures and attach letters and documents and fingerprints of the parties in accordance with Article 16 number (1) letter c of Law Number 2 of 2014. The research method used in this journal is Normative research. The result of the discussion of this journal is that Notaries are required to sign and fingerprints of the parties in the Minuta deed, Interviewers who are able to sign are obliged to sign their signature on the minimum sheet or paper, while Interviewers who are not able to sign are obliged to affix their fingerprints on a separate sheet of paper which Then attached to the Minuta Deed of the sheet of paper is special and only for tappers who cannot sign or only for the interlocutors put their fingerprints because they cannot sign. Conclusions from this journal related to the application of fingerprints in the Minutes of Notary Deed, there are still many interpretations in practice, especially on the affixing of fingerprints and there are no rules that clearly regulate themKeywords: fingerprint; notary public; minuta deedAbstrakNotaris dalam membuat Minuta Akta wajib mmbubuhkan tanda tangan para pihak dan melekatkan surat dan dokumen serta sidik jari penghadap sesuai dengan Pasal 16 angka (1) huruf c Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini adalah penelitian Normatif. Hasil pembahasan jurnal ini adalah Notaris wajib membubuhkan tanda tangan dan sidik jari para penghadap dalam minuta akta, penghadap yang bisa tanda tangan wajib membubuhkan tanda tangannya pada lembar atau kertas minuta sedangkan penghadap yang tidak bisa membubuhkan tanda tangan wajib membubuhkan sidik jarinya pada lembaran kertas tersendiri yang kemudian dilekatkan pada Minuta Akta lembaran kertas tersebut khusus dan hanya untuk penghadap yang tidak bisa tandatangan atau hanya untuk penghadap membubuhkan sidik jarinya karena tidak bisa tanda tangan. Simpulan dari jurnal ini terkait dengan penerapan sidik jari dalam Minuta Akta Notaris masih terdapat banyak penafsiran dalam praktiknya terutama pada pembubuhan sidik jari dan belum ada peraturan yang mengatur secara tegas.Kata Kunci: sidik jari; notaris; minuta akta
Joannici w Polsce
Authors: Wasilkiewicz Kamil 
Published: December 2022

Tadeusz Wojciech Lange, Przeoraty – baliwaty – komandorie. Zakon św. Jana Jerozolimskiego i jego placówki na terenie Polski, Wydawnictwo Inforteditions, Szlakiem krucjat, XIII, Zabrze-Tarnowskie Góry 2021, ss. 257.
Population status of selenium in Colombia and associated factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Vargas-Uricoechea Hernando , Bastidas Beatriz , Pinzón María V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the population status of selenium in Colombia and other associated factors.MethodsCross-sectional study, in population of urban or rural origin (n=412). Main outcome measures were: median serum selenium, thyrotropin, the prevalence of and positivity of anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-TSH receptor.ResultsThis study found that 96.6% of the subjects had normal selenium levels, and no significant associations were found between the population median of selenium and overweight/obesity, sociodemographic variables, age, goiter, and thyroid antibody positivity.ConclusionsIn Colombia, the population status of selenium is normal, and the geological characteristics may contribute to the state of selenium in this population. However, additional studies are required to evaluate the content of selenium in plants and other foods.