bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pragmatics aid referent disambiguation and word learning in young children and adults
Authors: Bleijlevens Natalie , Contier Friederike , Behne Tanya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow do children succeed in learning a word? Research has shown robustly that, in ambiguous labeling situations, young children assume novel labels to refer to unfamiliar rather than familiar objects. However, ongoing debates center on the underlying mechanism: Is this behavior based on lexical constraints, guided by pragmatic reasoning, or simply driven by children's attraction to novelty? Additionally, recent research has questioned whether children's disambiguation leads to long‐term learning or rather indicates an attentional shift in the moment of the conversation. Thus, we conducted a pre‐registered online study with 2‐ and 3‐year‐olds and adults. Participants were presented with unknown objects as potential referents for a novel word. Across conditions, we manipulated whether the only difference between both objects was their relative novelty to the participant or whether, in addition, participants were provided with pragmatic information that indicated which object the speaker referred to. We tested participants’ immediate referent selection and their retention after 5 min. Results revealed that when given common ground information both age groups inferred the correct referent with high success and enhanced behavioral certainty. Without this information, object novelty alone did not guide their selection. After 5 min, adults remembered their previous selections above chance in both conditions, while children only showed reliable learning in the pragmatic condition. The pattern of results indicates how pragmatics may aid referent disambiguation and learning in both adults and young children. From early ontogeny on, children's social‐cognitive understanding may guide their communicative interactions and support their language acquisition.Research Highlights
We tested how 2‐3‐year‐olds and adults resolve referential ambiguity without any lexical cues.
In the pragmatic context both age groups disambiguated novel word‐object‐mappings, while object novelty alone did not guide their referent selection.
In the pragmatic context, children also showed increased certainty in disambiguation and retained new word‐object‐mappings over time.
These findings contribute to the ongoing debate on whether children learn words on the basis of domain‐specific constraints, lower‐level associative mechanisms, or pragmatic inferences.
Tandem autologous stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with myeloma: A multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhito , Mizuno Shohei , Shimazu Yutaka , Fuchida Shin‐ichi , Hagiwara Shotaro , Itagaki Mitsuhiro , Nishiwaki Kaichi , Hangaishi Akira , Karasuno Takahiro , Kikuchi Taku , Shimizu Misayo , Nishikawa Akinori , Kobayashi Takeshi , Sunami Kazutaka , Hiramoto Nobuhiro , Uchiyama Hitoji , Maruyama Yumiko , Kanda Yoshinobu , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Yano Shingo , Kawamura Koji ,   the Working Group of the Japan Society,   for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy
Published: January 2023

AbstractTandem autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been reconsidered for high‐risk patients with myeloma, and the eligibility criteria for up‐front ASCT have been updated to include more elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of tandem ASCT in elderly patients with myeloma compared to tandem ASCT in young patients and single ASCT in elderly patients. A retrospective study using the Transplant Registry Unified Management Program database of the Japanese Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, which included 64 elderly and 613 young patients who received tandem ASCT, and 891 elderly patients who received single ASCT, was conducted. The median overall survival (OS) over 38.5 months in the elderly and young patients who received tandem ASCT, and elderly patients who received single ASCT was 78.9, 92.5, and 77.1 months, respectively; no significant difference in the median OS was observed. The cumulative incidence of transplantation‐related mortality was similar in the elderly and young patients receiving tandem ASCT. High‐risk cytogenetic abnormality was not identified as a poor prognostic factor for OS in elderly patients who received tandem ASCT but in those who received single ASCT. Thus, tandem ASCT was effective and tolerable in elderly patients with myeloma.
Herombopag promotes platelet engraftment and decreases platelet transfusion after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Zheng Xinhui , Zhang Haixiao , Guo Wenwen , Cao YiGeng , Liu Xin , Zhai WeiHua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Fengjiao , Wei JiaLin , Yang DongLin , Huang Yong , Pang AiMing , Feng SiZhou , Jiang ErLie , Han MingZhe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe delayed platelet engraftment associated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is a common complication and often results in increased transplant‐related complications. A single‐center, prospective, investigator‐initiated pilot study was conducted to explore whether herombopag, a second generation thrombopoietin‐receptor agonist, would promote platelet engraftment after allo‐HSCT. Between 2/2022 and 06/2022, 17 individuals (median age 39; range 15–58 years) with hematological malignancies were enrolled. Herombopag was given for a median of 22 (range 14–61) days at a dose of 7.5 mg/d. The median time to neutrophil >500/μl was 11 (range 9–19) days. The median time to platelet >20 000/μl and >50 000/μl was 13 (range 8–22), and 20 (range 14–45) days, respectively. Compared with historical controls, the cumulative incidence of platelet engraftment after HSCT was significantly higher in the herombopag group (>20 000/μl at day +21, 88% vs 65%, p = .003; >50 000/μl at day +30, 65% vs. 43%, p = .001). Herombopag also reduced the units of platelet transfusion within 30 days post‐SCT (3.6 ± 2.5 vs. 5.4 ± 3.2 U, p = .01). In conclusion, it seems likely that herombopag could enhance platelet engraftment after allo‐HSCT.
Gemfibrozil, a lipid‐lowering drug, improves hepatorenal damages in a mouse model of aging
Authors: Hakimizadeh Elham , Tadayon Saeedeh , Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Soltani Afsaneh , Giménez‐Llort Lydia , Hassanipour Mahsa , Fatemi Iman 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGemfibrozil (GFZ) is a medication of the fibrate category with agonistic effects on peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α) and is effective for hypertriglyceridemia and mixed dyslipidemia. This agent also has anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The current study investigated the effects of GFZ on hepatorenal damages in a D‐galactose (D‐gal)‐induced aging model. We used 28 male mice, which were equally and randomly divided into four groups as follows: normal, D‐gal (150 mg/kg/day; intraperitoneal [i.p.], for 6 weeks), GFZ (100 mg/kg/day GFZ, orally [p.o.] for 6 weeks), and the combined D‐gal + GFZ. Liver and kidney function indices were measured as serum creatinine, blood urine nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Oxidative stress in hepatic and renal tissue was evaluated through malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels. Finally, the liver and kidney tissues were assessed for histopathological lesions. The results showed that D‐gal‐induced aging leads to abnormalities in liver and kidney function indices. D‐gal also induced significant oxidative stress and histopathological lesions in these organs. GFZ improved function indices and oxidative stress compared to the D‐gal‐treated animals. Histological evaluations of the liver and kidney also confirmed these results. These data provide evidence for the potential therapeutic of GFZ in clinical practice for mitigating the hepatorenal damages of aging.
Historical review and future prospect for researches on very high cycle fatigue of metallic materials
Authors: Sakai Tatsuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the first paper on the fatigue of metallic materials by J. Albert in 1837, tremendous numbers of papers have been published in various journals by many researchers all over the world. Based on such a long history, several papers on the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) in the life‐time longer than 107cycles had appeared in some journals during the period of 1980's. One characteristic finding in these works is the fact that the metallic material can fail even at the stress level lower than the conventional fatigue limit. This fact means that the conventional fatigue design of mechanical structures cannot give the safety of the practical products in the very high cycle regime. Due to this fact, fatigue properties of structural materials in very long life regime has become an important subject; and a lot of studies have been carried out, and many important results have been accumulated until now. Typical aspects on VHCF property are summarized as follows: (1) the fatigue crack tends to occur around the interior inclusion, (2) fine granular area (FGA) is formed around such an inclusion, and (3) duplexS–Ncharacteristics appear in the VHCF regime. In this paper, a brief historical review together with the future prospect on the very high cycle fatigue of metallic materials is attempted for the sake of reference to facilitate the research in this area.
Ambient precipitation determines the sensitivity of soil respiration to precipitation treatments in a marsh
Authors: Li Xinge , Hou Yalin , Chu Xiaojing , Zhao Mingliang , Wei Siyu , Song Weimin , Li Peiguang , Wang Xiaojie , Han Guangxuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effects in field manipulation experiments are strongly influenced by amplified interannual variation in ambient climate as the experimental duration increases. Soil respiration (SR), as an important part of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, is sensitive to climate changes such as temperature and precipitation changes. A growing body of evidence has indicated that ambient climate affects the temperature sensitivity of SR, which benchmarks the strength of terrestrial soil carbon–climate feedbacks. However, whether SR sensitivity to precipitation changes is influenced by ambient climate is still not clear. In addition, the mechanism driving the above phenomenon is still poorly understood. Here, a long‐term field manipulation experiment with five precipitation treatments (−60%, −40%, +0%, +40%, and +60% of annual precipitation) was conducted in a marsh in the Yellow River Delta, China, which is sensitive to soil drying–wetting cycle caused by precipitation changes. Results showed that SR increased exponentially along the experimental precipitation gradient each year and the sensitivity of SR (standardized by per 100 mm change in precipitation under precipitation treatments) exhibited significant interannual variation from 2016 to 2021. In addition, temperature, net radiation, and ambient precipitation all exhibited dramatic interannual variability; however, only ambient precipitation had a significant negative correlation with SR sensitivity. Moreover, the sensitivity of SR was significantly positively related to the sensitivity of belowground biomass (BGB) across 6 years. Structural equation modeling and regression analysis also showed that precipitation treatments significantly affected SR and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components by altering BGB. Our study demonstrated that ambient precipitation determines the sensitivity of SR to precipitation treatments in marshes. The findings underscore the importance of ambient climate in regulating ecosystem responses in long‐term field manipulation experiments.
Reputation disparity in teaching and research productivity and rewards in the context of consequences of institutionalization of Publish or Perish culture in academia
Authors: Bello Samuel Akande , Azubuike Felix Chimeziri , Akande Olumuyiwa A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe reputation disparity between teaching and research has stirred up an unending debate. The age‐long notion that teaching and research overlap has become a controversial issue in academia. Consequences of the institutionalization of Publish OR Perish (POP) abound in the literature. This paper investigates the reputations disparity between teaching and research productivity and the rewards for these academic activities. It explores which, out of teaching activities and research publications receive higher or less attention and rewards. Relevant existing literature was reviewed to establish the institutionalization of POP and its consequences of the reputations disparity between teaching and research and its adverse effects on these activities. Evidence from the literature reviewed reveals the existence of POP reputation disparity as part of its consequences. A key finding is that teaching activities are insignificant and unrewarded as research publications. Neither the effectiveness nor the number of teaching loads counts like the numbers of publications.
Novel method for the detection of adulterants in coffee and the determination of a coffee's geographical origin using near infrared spectroscopy complemented by an autoencoder
Authors: Munyendo Leah , Njoroge Daniel , Zhang Yanyan , Hitzmann Bernd 
Published: January 2023

SummaryCoffee authenticity is a foundational aspect of quality when considering coffee's market value. This has become important given frequent adulteration and mislabelling for economic gains. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the ability of a deep autoencoder neural network to detect adulterants in roasted coffee and to determine a coffee's geographical origin (roasted) using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Arabica coffee was adulterated with robusta coffee or chicory at adulteration levels ranging from 2.5% to 30% in increments of 2.5% at light, medium and dark roast levels. First, the autoencoder was trained using pure arabica coffee before being used to detect the presence of adulterants in the samples. Furthermore, it was used to determine the geographical origin of coffee. All samples adulterated with chicory were detectable by the autoencoder at all roast levels. In the case of robusta‐adulterated samples, detection was possible at adulteration levels above 7.5% at medium and dark roasts. Additionally, it was possible to differentiate coffee samples from different geographical origins. PCA analysis of adulterated samples showed grouping based on the type and concentration of the adulterant. In conclusion, using an autoencoder neural network in conjunction with NIR spectroscopy could be a reliable technique to ensure coffee authenticity.
The association of early regulatory problems with behavioral problems and cognitive functioning in adulthood: two cohorts in two countries
Authors: Wolke Dieter , Baumann Nicole , Jaekel Julia , Pyhälä Riikka , Heinonen Kati , Räikkönen Katri , Sorg Christian , Bilgin Ayten 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundRegulatory problems (RPs; excessive crying, sleeping, or feeding difficulties) that co‐occur (i.e., multiple) or are persistent have been associated with cognitive and behavioral problems in childhood. However, it remains unknown if multiple or persistent RPs are associated with cognitive and behavioral problems in adulthood.MethodsThis large prospective longitudinal study (N = 759) was conducted in two cohorts in Germany (N = 342) and Finland (N = 417). RPs were assessed at 5, 20, and 56 months via the same standardized parental interviews and neurological examinations. In young adulthood, questionnaires were used to assess behavioral problems. Cognitive functioning was assessed with IQ tests. We examined the effects of multiple or persistent RPs on the outcomes via analysis of covariance tests and logistic regression controlled for the influence of cohort.ResultsOf 163 participants with RPs, 89 had multiple and 77 had persistent RPs. Adults who had early multiple or persistent RPs (N = 151) reported more internalizing (p = .001), externalizing (p = .020), and total behavioral problems (p = .001), and, specifically, more depressive (p = .012), somatic (p = .005), avoidant personality (p < .001), and antisocial personality problems (p = .006) than those who never had RPs (N = 596). Participants with multiple or persistent RPs were more likely to receive any ADHD diagnoses (p = .017), particularly of hyperactive/impulsive subtype (p = .032). In contrast, there were no associations between multiple or persistent RPs and IQ scores in young adulthood.ConclusionsThe results indicate long‐lasting associations between multiple or persistent RPs and behavioral problems. Thus, screening for early RPs could help to identify children who are at risk for later behavioral problems.
Estimating amino acid substitution models for metazoan evolutionary studies
Authors: Dang Cuong Cao , Vinh Le Sy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAmino acid substitution models represent the substitution rates among amino acids during the evolution of protein sequences. The models are a prerequisite for maximum likelihood or Bayesian methods to analyse the phylogenetic relationships among species based on their protein sequences. Estimating amino acid substitution models requires large protein datasets and intensive computation. In this paper, we presented the estimation of both time‐reversible model (Q.met) and time non‐reversible model (NQ.met) for multicellular animals (Metazoa). Analyses showed that the Q.met and NQ.met models were significantly better than existing models in analysing metazoan protein sequences. Moreover, the time non‐reversible model NQ.met enables us to reconstruct the rooted phylogenetic tree for Metazoa. We recommend researchers to employ the Q.met and NQ.met models in analysing metazoan protein sequences.
Deep margin elevation—Present status and future directions
Authors: Eggmann Florin , Ayub Jose M. , Conejo Julián , Blatz Markus B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveDeep margin elevation (DME) is a treatment approach to relocate the cervical margin of teeth with subgingival defects to a supragingival position with a direct restoration to facilitate rubber dam isolation, impression taking, and bonding of indirect restorations. This article provides an overview of the current scientific evidence on DME and future directions for research.OverviewThe review included 38 studies on DME, most conducted in vitro. These studies indicate that DME has no detrimental effect on the fracture resistance of restored teeth. Evidence on the impact of DME on marginal quality is conflicting, but most in vitro studies observed no negative effect. Clinical studies, most comprising small patient cohorts, demonstrated favorable restorative outcomes and suggest that DME restorations made with scrupulous care are compatible with periodontal health. Bleeding on probing may occur more frequently at sites with DME, though evidence on this is not unequivocal.ConclusionsCurrent evidence, based largely on laboratory studies and limited clinical data, supports DME as a viable approach to restore teeth with localized subgingival defects. However, further clinical studies with long‐term follow‐ups are required to provide corroborative evidence.Clinical SignificanceCurrent evidence suggests that DME is a viable approach to restore teeth with localized subgingival defects as a possible alternative to surgical crown lengthening. Proper working field isolation, meticulous care in the bonding and buildup procedure, and biofilm removal through patient‐performed oral hygiene and professional maintenance care are crucial. As scant clinical trial‐based evidence is available today, further research is needed to evaluate the long‐term performance of DME restorations and their impact on periodontal health.
History of trying exclusion diets and association with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in neurogastroenterology patients: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Atkins Micaela , Zar‐Kessler Claire , Madva Elizabeth N. , Staller Kyle , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Kuo Braden , Burton Murray Helen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundExclusion diets for gastrointestinal symptom management have been hypothesized to be a risk factor for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID; a non‐body image‐based eating disorder). In a retrospective study of pediatric and adult neurogastroenterology patients, we aimed to (1) identify the prevalence and characteristics of an exclusion diet history and (2) evaluate if an exclusion diet history was concurrently associated with the presence of ARFID symptoms.MethodsWe conducted a chart review of 539 consecutive referrals (ages 6–90, 69% female) to adult (n = 410; January–December 2016) and pediatric (n = 129; January 2016–December 2018) neurogastroenterology clinics. Masked coders (n = 4) retrospectively appliedDSM‐5criteria for ARFID and a separate coder assessed documentation of exclusion diet history. We excluded patients with no documentation of diet in the chart (n = 35) or who were not orally fed (n = 9).ResultsOf 495 patients included, 194 (39%) had an exclusion diet history, and 118 (24%) had symptoms of ARFID. Of reported diets, dairy‐free was the most frequent (45%), followed by gluten‐free (36%). Where documented, exclusion diets were self‐initiated by patients/parents in 66% of cases, and recommended by gastroenterology providers in 30%. Exclusion diet history was significantly associated with the presence of ARFID symptoms (OR = 3.12[95% CI 1.92–5.14],p < 0.001).ConclusionsHistory of following an exclusion diet was common and was most often patient‐initiated among pediatric and adult neurogastroenterology patients. As patients with self‐reported exclusion diet history were over three times as likely to have ARFID symptoms, providers should be cognizant of this potential association when considering dietary interventions.
Policy, system, and environmental interventions addressing obesity and diet‐related outcomes in early childhood education settings: A systematic review
Authors: Kracht Chelsea L. , Burkart Sarah , Flanagan Emily W. , Melnick Emily , Luecking Courtney , Neshteruk Cody 
Published: January 2023

SummaryEarly childhood education (ECE) settings play an important role in child dietary intake and excess weight gain. Policy, systems, and environment (PSE) approaches have potential to reduce disparities in children at higher risk for obesity. The purpose of this review was to (1) characterize the inclusion of populations at higher risk for obesity in ECE interventions and (2) identify effective ECE interventions in these populations. Seven databases were searched for ECE interventions. Intervention characteristics and methodological quality were assessed in 35 articles representing 34 interventions. Interventions identified were mainly a combination of ECE and parent interventions (41%) or stand‐alone ECE intervention (29%), with few multisector efforts (23%) or government regulations assessed (5%). Many included policy (70%) or social environment components (61%). For Aim 1, two thirds were conducted in primarily populations at higher risk for obesity (67%). Studies were rated as fair or good methodological quality. For Aim 2, 10 studies demonstrated effectiveness at improving diet or reducing obesity in populations at higher risk for obesity. Most included a longer intervention (i.e., >6 months), multiple PSE components, and formative work. Opportunities to incorporate more PSE components in ECE‐based interventions and collaborate with parents and communities are warranted to improve child health.