bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic disruption of Ano5 leads to impaired osteoclastogenesis for gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia
Authors: Liu Xiu , Wang Xiaoyu , Ma Xinrong , Li Hongyu , Miao Congcong , Tian Zhenchuan , Hu Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesGnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD; OMIM#166260) is a rare skeletal genetic disorder characterized by sclerosis of tubular bones and cemento‐osseous lesions in mandibles. TMEM16E/ANO5 gene mutations have been identified in patients with GDD. Here, Ano5 knockout (Ano5−/−) mice with enhanced osteoblastogenesis were used to investigate whether Ano5 disruption affects osteoclastogenesis.Subjects and MethodsThe maturation of osteoclasts, formation of F‐actin ring and bone resorption were detected by immunohistochemistry, TRAP, phalloidin staining and Coming Osteo assays. The expression of osteoclast‐related factors was measured by qRT‐PCR. Early signaling pathways were verified by western blot.ResultsAno5−/− mice exhibited inhibitory formation of multinucleated osteoclasts with a reduction of TRAP activity. The expression of Nfatc1, c‐Fos, Trap, Ctsk, Mmp9, Rank and Dc‐stamp was significantly decreased in bone tissues and bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) of Ano5−/− mice. Ano5−/− osteoclasts manifested disrupted actin ring and less mineral resorption. RANKL‐induced early signaling pathways were suppressed in Ano5−/− osteoclasts and Ano5 knockdown RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of NF‐κB signalling pathway on osteoclastogenesis were partially attenuated with NF‐κB signalling activator.ConclusionsAno5 deficiency impairs osteoclastogenesis, which leads to enhanced osteogenic phenotypes mediated by bone homeostasis dysregulation.
Impact of left bundle branch block on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Mathew Don , Agarwal Siddharth , Sherif Akil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe implications of LBBB in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unclear. Our study assesses clinical outcomes among patients with LBBB and HFpEF who were admitted with acute decompensated heart failure.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study was conducted using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016–2019.ResultsWe found 74,365 hospitalizations with HFpEF and LBBB and 3,892,354 hospitalizations with HFpEF without LBBB. Patients with LBBB were older (78.9 vs 74.2 years) and had higher rates of coronary artery disease (53.05% vs 40.8%), hypertension (74.7% vs 70.8%), atrial fibrillation (32.8% vs 29.4%), sick sinus rhythm (3.4% vs 2.02%), complete heart block (1.8% vs 0.66%), ventricular tachycardia (3.5% vs 1.7%), and ventricular fibrillation (0.24% vs 0.11%). Patients with LBBB were found to have decreased in‐hospital mortality (OR: 0.85; 0.76–0.96; p‐0.009) but higher rates of cardiac arrest (OR: 1.39; 1.06–1.83; p‐0.02) and need for mechanical circulatory support (OR: 1.7; 1.28–2.36; p‐0.001). Patients with LBBB underwent a higher rate of pacemaker (OR: 2.98; 2.75–3.23; p < 0.001) and ICD (implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator) placement (OR: 3.98; 2.81–5.62; p < 0.001). Patients with LBBB were also found to have a higher mean cost of hospitalization ($81,402 vs $60,358; p < 0.001) but lower length of stay (4.8 vs 5.4 days; p < 0.001).ConclusionIn patients admitted with decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, left bundle branch block is associated with increased odds of cardiac arrest, mechanical circulatory support requirement, device implantation and mean cost of hospitalization but decreased odds of in‐hospital mortality.
Pediatric intraoperative cardiopulmonary arrests: A survey to evaluate if Medical Emergency Teams are utilized in pediatric operating rooms
Authors: Charles Aidan , Williams Sacha A. , Dolan Jenny , Rehman Mohamed , Arnold Jennifer , Chandler Nicole M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown that standardized code teams may improve outcomes following cardiac arrests. Pediatric intra‐operative cardiac arrests are rare events and are associated with a mortality rate of 18%. There is limited data available regarding use Medical Emergency Team (MET) response to pediatric intra‐operative cardiac arrest. The purpose of this study was to identify the use of MET in response to pediatric intraoperative cardiac arrest as an exploratory step in establishing evidence‐based standardized practice across the hospital for training and management of this rare event.MethodsAn anonymous electronic survey was created and sent to two populations: The Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council, a section of the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia, and the Pediatric Resuscitation Quality Collaborative, a multinational collaborative group, which works to improve resuscitation care in children. Standard summary and descriptive statistics were used for survey responses.ResultsThe overall response rate was 41%. The majority of respondents worked in a university affiliated, free‐standing children's hospital. Ninety‐five percent of respondents had a dedicated pediatric MET at their hospital. In 60% of responses from Pediatric Resuscitation Quality Collaborative and 18% of Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council hospitals, the MET responds to pediatric intra‐operative cardiac arrest; however, the majority of times MET involvement is requested rather than automatic. The MET was found to be activated intraoperatively for situations other than cardiac arrest such as, massive transfusion events, need for extra staff, and for specialty expertise. In 65% of institutions, simulation‐based training for cardiac arrest is supported but lacking pediatric intra‐operative focus.ConclusionsThis survey revealed heterogeneity in the composition and response of the medical response teams responding to pediatric intra‐operative cardiac arrests. Improved collaboration and cross training among MET, anesthesia, and operating room nursing may improve outcomes of pediatric intra‐operative code events.
Survey of enteral feeding of preterm infants and the human milk bank in Japan
Authors: Wada Yuka Sano , Tani Yuki , Shindo Jun , Miyata Masashi , Sakurai Motoichirou , Nishimaki Shigeru , Mizuno Kastumi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, the first human milk bank (HMB) was established in 2017, which changed the practice of enteral feeding in neonatal care. This study investigated the practice of enteral feeding of preterm infants after the establishment of the HMB in Japan and examined related future issues.MethodsA survey on enteral feeding and the use of the HMB was conducted in 251 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from December 2020 to February 2021.ResultsThe response rate was 61%. The ideal times to start enteral feeding for extremely‐low‐birthweight infants (ELBWI) and very‐low‐birthweight infants (VLBWI) were within 24 h after birth in approximately 59% and 62% of NICUs, however, only 30% and 46% could do so, respectively. Artificial nutrition was used to initiate enteral feeding for ELBWIs and VLBWIs in in 24% and 56% of NICUs, respectively. Of the NICUs, 92% considered the HMB “necessary” or “rather necessary”. Fifty‐five percent wanted to use the HMB but could not. The major reasons for this were (1) difficulty in paying the annual membership fee, (2) difficulty obtaining approval from the NICU, and (3) complexity in using the facility. The indications for using and discontinuation of use of donor milk varied among the NICUs. Only in 17%, milk expression was within 1h after delivery.ConclusionsCompared with before the establishment of the HMB, NICUs are currently more willing to start enteral feeding for preterm infants earlier. However, the implementation of enteral feeding appears to be challenging. Issues related to the HMB highlighted by the responses need to be addressed. Additionally, guidelines for using donor milk should be established.
Clinical risk factors at 3 months of age for the development of bronchial asthma at 36 months of age
Authors: Sugiura Shiro , Hiramitsu Yoshimichi , Futamura Masaki , Kamioka Naomi , Yamaguchi Chikae , Umemura Harue , Kondo Yasuto , Ito Komei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the associations between factors evident at the routine 3‐month well‐child visit (WCV) and the risk of developing 36‐month parent‐reported physician‐diagnosed bronchial asthma (BA).MethodsThis longitudinal study was conducted in Nagoya City, Japan, and included 40,242 children who qualified for the 3‐month WCVs in the city between April 1, 2016 and March 31, 2018. In total, 22,052 (54.8%) questionnaires linked to their 36‐month WCVs were analyzed.ResultsThe prevalence of BA was 4.5%. The multivariable Poisson regression model identified male sex (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40–1.81), born in autumn (aRR, 1.30; 95% CI: 1.09–1.55), having at least one sibling (aRR, 1.31; 95% CI: 1.15–1.49), wheeze history before 3‐month WCVs, with clinic/hospital visit: aRR, 1.99; 95% CI: 1.53–2.56; hospitalization: aRR, 2.99; 95% CI: 2.09–4.12, eczema with itch (aRR, 1.51; 95% CI: 1.27–1.80), paternal history of BA (aRR, 1.98; 95% CI: 1.66–2.34), maternal history of BA (aRR, 2.11; 95% CI: 1.77–2.49), and rearing pets with fur (aRR, 1.35; 95% CI: 1.15–1.58) were independent risk factors for BA at 36 months of age. The combination of severe wheeze history (with clinic/hospital visit or hospitalization) and maternal and paternal BA could identify high‐risk infants whose prevalence of BA was 20%.ConclusionsThe combined assessment of important clinical factors enabled us to identify high‐risk infants set to derive optimal benefit from health guidance provided to the parent or caregiver of the child or infant at WCVs.
Neurocognitive deficits may not resolve following pediatric kidney transplantation
Authors: Lullmann Olivia , Conrad Amy L. , Steinbach Emily J. , Wilgenbusch Tammy , Harshman Lyndsay A. , van der Plas Ellen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at risk for cognitive deficits with worsening disease progression. Limited, existing cross‐sectional studies suggest that cognitive deficits may improve following kidney transplantation. We sought to assess cognitive performance in relationship to kidney transplantation and kidney‐specific medical variables in a sample of pediatric kidney transplant patients who provided cross‐sectional and longitudinal observations.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted in patients who completed pre‐ and/or post‐transplant neurocognitive testing at the University of Iowa from 2015–2021. Cognitive outcomes were investigated with developmentally appropriate, standardized measures. Mixed linear models estimated the impact of transplant status on cognitive function (z‐scores). Subsequent post‐hoc t‐tests on change scores were limited to patients who had provided pre‐ and post‐transplant assessments.ResultsThirty eight patients underwent cognitive assessments: 10 had both pre‐ and post‐transplant cognitive assessments, 11 had pre‐transplant assessments only, and 17 had post‐transplant data only. Post‐transplant status was associated with significantly lower full‐scale IQ and slower processing speed compared to pre‐transplant status (estimate = −0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.52: −0.12; estimate = −0.86, CI = −1.17: −0.55, respectively). Post‐hoc analyses confirmed results from the mixed models (FSIQ change score = −0.34, 95% CI = −0.56: −0.12; processing speed change score = −0.98, CI = −1.28: −0.68). Finally, being ≥80 months old at transplant was associated with substantially lower FSIQ compared to being <80 months (estimate = −1.25, 95% CI = −1.94: −0.56).ConclusionsOur results highlight the importance of monitoring cognitive function following pediatric kidney transplant and identify older transplant age as a risk factor for cognitive deficits.
Intellectual Humility and Political Polarization: An Exploration of Social Networks, Attitudes, and Affect
Authors: Sgambati Tyrone J. , Ayduk Ozlem N. 
Published: March 2023

Political polarization is increasing in the United States, threatening social harmony. As this threat grows, it is important to identify factors that engender polarization and ways to disrupt them. To this end, we examined the buffering role of intellectual humility against political polarization and the potential mediating role of political heterophily (i.e., affiliation and communication with political outgroup members). Data were collected in five assessments over an eight‐month period, beginning one day prior to the 2020 U.S. presidential election (N = 387) and ending in July 2021 (N = 181). Results showed that intellectual humility was associated with (1) less affective and attitudinal polarization (although in some cases this effect was only present among conservatives) and (2) more political heterophily. Cross‐sectional and prospective mediation analyses suggested that intellectual humility may act through political heterophily to reduce attitude polarization. Our findings offer support for the notion that intellectual humility buffers against political polarization and provide preliminary evidence for political heterophily as one mechanism of action.
The income‐related distribution of cognitive function and its mobility among the Chinese elderly over a 14‐year period
Authors: Zhou Yiting , Xu Yongjian , Zhu Liang 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundWith population ageing, cognitive function among the elderly is a growing public health concern in China. This study aimed to investigate the trend of income‐related inequality in cognitive function, and to track health‐related income mobility among the Chinese elderly.MethodsData were drawn from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey conducted in 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2018. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal concentration indices were used to measure the magnitudes of inequalities at different length of time. The mobility index was used to capture the discrepancy between short‐term and long‐term assessments. The contributions of determinants to mobility were estimated by decomposition analysis.ResultsThe results showed the cognitive function score among the Chinese elderly as 21.13 at the baseline. Men, activities, daily living ability, education, marriage status, income, receipt of community service, vision and hearing condition were positively associated with cognitive function, whereas age, negative well‐being, and drinking were negatively associated with cognitive function. The cross‐sectional concentration index was positive and significant only at the baseline. In the long run, however, the concentration indices were all positive and became larger over time. After five waves, the mobility index reached −4.84. The largest negative contributor to the mobility index was daily living ability, followed by relaxing activity, domestic activity, and hearing condition. The two largest positive contributors were negative well‐being and income.ConclusionsAs a whole, cognitive function did not perform well among the Chinese elderly. In the long term, the weighted cross‐sectional concentration indices underestimated the inequality in cognitive function, and good cognitive performance was concentrated more among the rich. When formulating intervention measures, the Chinese government should give priority to vulnerable groups, especially the elderly who are poor or downwardly mobile in income.
Treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder in people with dementia: a structured literature review
Authors: Ruisch J.E. , Nederstigt A.H.M. , van der Vorst A. , Boersma S.N. , Vink M.T. , Hoeboer C.M. , Olff M. , Sobczak S. 
Published: March 2023

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cognitive dysfunctions and is an independent risk factor for dementia. A recent study has found the prevalence of PTSD in people with dementia is 4.7%–7.8%. However, little is known about the effectiveness of PTSD treatment for people with dementia. The primary aim of the current study is to review previous studies on the treatment of PTSD in people with dementia. A structured literature review was performed using a ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses’ analysis in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL. Two independent researchers screened titles and abstracts. The inclusion criteria were: PTSD symptoms present, diagnosis of dementia, PTSD treatment form described and effects of the treatment mentioned. Articles that matched these criteria were included and content and quality were analyzed. We included nine articles, all case reports, with a total of 11 cases. The discussed treatment options are eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) (n = 3), prolonged exposure (n = 1), cognitive behavioural therapy (n = 1) and pharmacological treatment (n = 4). All articles reported a positive effect of the intervention on several monitored symptoms. Evidence for positive effects and feasibility of EMDR were most reliable, and it was applied in two articles of sufficient quality published in 2018 and 2019. EMDR ‘on‐the‐spot’ was described with positive effect in one article in which three cases were discussed. The quality of included papers ranged from insufficient to sufficient. This review shows that people with PTSD and dementia can benefit from PTSD treatment. EMDR, prolonged exposure, acceptance and commitment therapy and pharmacological treatment are applicable in this population. EMDR treatment is most described in this population (n = 5) and shows positive results, and the studies are of sufficient quality (n = 3). Further research in the form of a randomised controlled trial is required to study the effectivity of different treatment interventions in this population.
A community‐based cross‐sectional study of anxiety and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Liu Fen , Hu Xing , Zhu Xiaoli , Dong Xinying , Ge Jie , Xu Shunlin , Li Gang , Li Lu , Li Shugang , Wei Zhimin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of anxiety and other psychological disorders has increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, especially among the elderly. Anxiety and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may aggravate each other. This study further clarified the correlation between the two.MethodsAdopting a convenience sampling method, this study investigated 162 elderly people over 65 years of age in Fangzhuang Community, Beijing. All participants provided baseline data on sex, age, lifestyle, and health status. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) was used to assess anxiety. Blood samples, abdominal circumference, and blood pressure were used to diagnose MetS. The elderly were divided into MetS and control groups according to the diagnosis of MetS. Differences in anxiety between the two groups were analysed and further stratified by age and gender. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the possible risk factors for MetS.ResultsCompared with the control group, anxiety scores of the MetS group were statistically higher (Z = 4.78, P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between anxiety levels and MetS (r = 0.353, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that anxiety (possible anxiety vs no anxiety: odds ratio [OR] = 2.982, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.295–6.969; definite anxiety vs no anxiety: OR = 14.573, 95%CI 3.675–57.788; P < 0.001) and BMI (OR = 1.504, 95% CI 1.275–1.774; P < 0.001) were possible risk factors for MetS.ConclusionThe elderly with MetS had higher anxiety scores. Anxiety may be a potential risk factor for MetS, which provides a new perspective on anxiety and MetS.
Comparison of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 expressions in yak testes at different ages
Authors: Song Juanjuan , Yuan Ligang , Wang Hua , Chen Guojuan , Chen Shaoyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the distribution and expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (TIMP‐2) in yak testes. The testes of healthy yaks at different ages: newborn [3 days], young [1 year], adult [4 years], and old [9 years] were collected for microscopic analyses using hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, as well as western blot to compare the expression of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2. Furthermore, the levels of MMP‐2mRNA and TIMP‐2mRNA was detected by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence demonstrated that MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 were mainly located in gonocytes of newborn, Sertoli cells of young, spermatozoa of adult and Leydig cells of old. The protein levels of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 exhibited a downward from newborn to adult, but increased again in old yaks. The analysis of qPCR showed that MMP‐2 was higher in young compared with newborn or adult(**p < .01), but a lower expression was detected in adult compared with old yak testicular tissues (*p < .05). Compared with adults, TIMP‐2 was significantly higher in newborn and young yaks (**p < .01), and slightly higher in old yaks (*p < .05). Hence, The location of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 in gonocytes were associated with the development of newborn yak testes. The expression of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 in Sertoli cells at young and adult yaks suggested that they provided a clue for the regulation of spermatogenesis. The positive labeling of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 in Leydig cells in old yaks suggested that both may be involved in the interstitial metabolism of the testes during this period. This study revealed the possible role of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 in testicular functionality of yaks at different ages.
Insights from the mandatory insurer climate risk disclosure survey in the United States
Authors: Lin Xiao , Kim Kyeonghee , Ivantsova Anastasia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe document the implementation of the Insurer Climate Risk Disclosure Survey in the United States and provide an overview of its historical development since 2009. By 2020, the Survey is mandatory in 15 states or jurisdictions for insurers that meet the premium threshold. We find that the coverage of the Survey has reached 80% of Property & Liability premiums and close to 100% of life premiums, but the majority of US insurers—especially small or less diversified insurers who are most vulnerable to climate risk—are not covered by this survey. We highlight research opportunities exploiting the unique institutional setting of the Survey while also documenting the caveats of the Survey.