bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEO turnover: Cross‐country effects
Authors: Burns Natasha , Minnick Kristina , Starks Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWe examine how countries' cultural and legal environment, in addition to firm‐level governance mechanisms, affects firms' retention and termination decision of the CEO.Research Findings/InsightsPrevious research focuses primarily on the effects of governance structures and incentives on turnover. In this paper, we focus on two additional institutions—cultural and legal. We find that in cultures characterized by higher individualism, competition, and stronger views that hard work leads to success, boards are more likely to replace CEOs in response to poor shareholder performance. Conversely, we find that in more corrupt cultures and cultures more protective of employees, there is lower turnover–performance sensitivity.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWilliamson (2000) provided a framework consisting of four levels of institutional influences on economic activity: (1) cultural norms, (2) the legal system, (3) governance structures, and (4) resource allocation and employment. Previous research focuses primarily on the two highest levels; we focus on the two more basic levels, cultural and legal, while controlling for firm‐level governance.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsCultural values and legal conditions combine with the firm's governance structure to affect CEO turnover and its sensitivity to firm shareholder performance.
Ascorbic acid protects retinal pigment epithelial cells from high glucose by inhibiting the NF‐κB signal pathway through MALAT1/IGF2BP3 axis
Authors: Tian Yanming , Cheng Wubo , Wang Haiyan , Zeng Chengcheng , Chen Xueyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes with nocuous effects on patients' eye health, typically accompanies by excessive inflammation and oxidative stress. Insulin‐like growth factor‐2 messenger RNA‐binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) was engaged with inflammation, whereas its precise role in the DR process was unclear. And enhanced lncRNA metastasis‐associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and decreased ascorbic acid (AA) were also found in DR. This study was to explore the regulatory role and mechanism of IGF2BP3, MALAT1 and AA in the high glucose (HG)‐induced retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell injury.MethodsARPE‐19 cells were treated with HG to establish the in vitro RPE cell injury model. The mRNA and protein levels of the gene were evaluated by qRT‐PCR or Western blot. Immunofluorescence detected the translocation condition of the p65 protein. Inflammatory factor levels were detected by ELISA assays. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The binding interaction of IGF2BP3 and MALAT1 was validated by RIP‐qPCR assays.ResultsIn HG‐induced RPE cell injury, IGF2BP3 expression, inflammatory response and apoptosis were enhanced. Next, the IGF2BP3 activated the NF‐κB signalling to promote the RPE cell injury development. MALAT1 could directly bind with IGF2BP3 and up‐regulate its expression. In addition, AA ameliorated the HG‐induced RPE cell injury through the regulation of MALAT1.ConclusionAscorbic acid ameliorated HG‐induced RPE cell injury by repressing the NF‐κB signalling pathway via modulating the MALAT1/IGF2BP3 axis.
Responsiveness of the broad bean weevil,Bruchus rufimanus, toVicia fabagenotypes
Authors: Dell'Aglio Denise Dalbosco , Tayeh Nadim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe broad bean weevil,Bruchus rufimanusBoh. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), also called bruchid beetle, is a major pest ofVicia fabaL. (Fabaceae) given that larvae develop inside the seeds causing direct quality losses in agricultural products. Recurrent chemical applications are inappropriate because they represent a serious threat to pollinators in general. In addition, biological control approaches that have been attempted so far showed limited effectiveness, which makes studies of methods to control bruchid populations extremely important. Breeding resistant cultivars is the most adequate approach to achieve efficient levels of pest resistance and promote sustainable agriculture. To explore the mechanisms underlying bruchid resistance, we exploredB. rufimanusbehavior at different life stages and preference in plant feeding, oviposition, and larval survival into adulthood on a range of susceptible and resistant broad bean cultivars (genotypes), both in greenhouse experiments and in the field. Our greenhouse results showed that females, compared to males, prefer flowers from some genotypes over others, although the choices made did not correspond with egg‐laying preference. Egg‐laying preference was also affected by cultivars. This attraction for egg‐laying was associated with the number of seeds per pod produced by the genotypes. In the field flowering date influenced bruchid infestation. Also the survival of larvae into adulthood was greater in certain genotypes over others. The results of our study lay the groundwork for further analyses to finely dissectV. fabaresistance towards bruchids and pave the way for the development of methods to predict potential resistant genotypes in research and breeding programs.
Incidence and risk factors for norovirus‐related diarrhea in Japanese geriatric intermediate care facilities: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Suita Asae , Ohfuji Satoko , Fukushima Wakaba , Ito Kazuya , Kase Tetsuo , Kondo Kyoko , Ishibashi Motoki , Kumashiro Hiroko , Kawai Shuji , Deguchi Akifumi , Nakata Hiroyuki , Iba Kazuko , Kita Tetsuya , Kinugawa Kazuhiko , Hamada Kazutaka , Fujimoto Mikio , Furukawa Yoshio , Sowa Etsuji , Nakazawa Hideo , Hirota Yoshio 
Published: January 2023

AimThe risk of developing infectious diarrhea among elderly residents at Japanese geriatric intermediate care facilities is unclear. We investigated the incidence rate and risk factors of norovirus‐related diarrhea at such facilities.MethodsThis prospective cohort study followed 1727 residents from November 2018 to April 2020 at 10 geriatric intermediate care facilities in Osaka, Japan regarding the occurrence of diarrhea. Resident data were collected from their medical records using structured forms at two to three of the following three time points: at recruitment, if they developed diarrhea, and when they left the facility. Residents who developed diarrhea were tested using rapid diagnostic tests for norovirus. Cox proportional hazard model was employed to hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate the risk factors for norovirus‐related diarrhea.ResultsDuring the study period, 74 residents developed diarrhea, 13 of whom were norovirus positive. The incidence rate of norovirus‐related diarrhea was 10.11 per 1000 person‐years (95% CI: 4.61–15.61). In terms of risk factors, people with care‐needs level 3 were at a higher risk for developing norovirus‐related diarrhea (adjusted HR [aHR] = 7.35, 95% CI: 1.45–37.30). Residents with hypertension (aHR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.05–11.04) or stroke (aHR = 8.84, 95% CI: 2.46–31.83), and those who walked with canes (aHR = 16.68, 95% CI: 1.35–206.52) also had a significantly higher risk for norovirus‐related diarrhea.ConclusionsThroughout the study period, the incidence of development of diarrhea was low. Care‐needs level 3, stroke, hypertension and use of a cane were identified as risk factors for norovirus‐related diarrhea in Japanese geriatric intermediate care facilities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 179–187.
Developing a research community within an online healthcare feedback platform
Authors: Fylan Beth , Munro James , O'Hara Jane K. , Khatoon Binish , Lawton Rebecca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionCare Opinion is an online feedback platform supporting patients to author stories about their care. It is not known whether authors would be willing to be involved in improving care through research. The aims of this study were to explore the views and preferences of Care Opinion authors about joining an online research community and to pilot new research community functionality.MethodsFive hundred and nine Care Opinion authors were invited to take part in an online survey in June 2019. Survey items included questions about participants' willingness to take part in research and their preferences for supporting processes. Data were analysed descriptively. Authors were invited to consent to join a research community and were asked to participate in three pilot studies.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐three people consented to take part in the survey (32%). Participants indicated they would like to know the time commitment to the project (146, 90%), details about the organization carrying out the research (124, 76%) and safeguarding information (124, 76%). Over half indicated that they did not know how to get involved in healthcare research (87, 53%). Subsequently, 667 authors were invited to join the research community, 183 (27%) accepted, and three studies were matched to their expressed preferences for project attributes or organization type.ConclusionMany people who leave online feedback about their experiences of healthcare are also willing to join a research community via that platform. They have strong preferences for supporting University and NHS research. Eligibility and acceptance rates to join pilot research studies varied. Further work is needed to grow the research community, increase its diversity, and create relevant and varied opportunities to support research.Patient or Public ContributionFour members of the Safety In Numbers patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group advised about survey development.
Dispersal ability is associated with contrasting patterns of beta diversity in African small mammal communities
Authors: Monadjem Ara , Healy Kevin , Guillerme Thomas , Kane Adam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimSpatial processes and environmental filtering are important factors shaping community composition, but their effects are rarely tested across all aspects and components of beta diversity. We investigate both of these factors to explain patterns of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic beta diversity of small mammals across Sub‐Saharan Africa. We predict that groups with poorest dispersal ability will experience the highest taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover but a nesting of functional diversity independent of dispersal.LocationAfrica.TaxaRodents, bats, shrews.MethodsWe amassed a continent‐spanning dataset of 97 bat assemblages, 166 rodent assemblages and 153 shrew assemblages comprising a total of 183, 225 and 109 species, respectively, from six bioregions of Sub‐Saharan Africa. We calculated three aspects of beta diversity: taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic. For each of these, we first calculated total beta diversity based on the Sørensen index (βsor) and then decomposed this into turnover (βsim) and nestedness (βnes) components. We then used Moran's Eigenvector Maps to examine the relationships between each aspect of beta diversity and environmental gradients (environmental filtering) and geographical distance between sites (spatial processes).ResultsWe found consistent patterns across the three taxa in all aspects of beta diversity, with taxonomic beta diversity being greatest and phylogenetic beta diversity being lowest. The turnover component was typically greater than the nestedness component for taxonomic and functional beta diversity, but not for phylogenetic beta diversity, for all three groups. Beta diversity was also linked with the dispersal ability of the three groups, with the highest levels of beta diversity found in shrews, intermediate levels in rodents and the lowest levels in bats.Main ConclusionsSpatial processes, which are linked to the dispersal abilities of the three taxa of small mammal, dominate environmental drivers in structuring African small‐mammal communities with phylogenetic comparisons suggesting a relatively permeable continent.
The Big Five model in rural Southeast Asia: Validation, stability, and its role in household income*
Authors: Bühler Dorothee , Sharma Rasadhika , Stein Wiebke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe investigate the applicability of the Big Five model in rural Southeast Asia and thereby challenge recent concerns about the validity of the model in developing countries.MethodWe use a novel data set on personality traits from rural Thailand and Vietnam (N = 3811 individuals). In our analysis, we (i) assess the factor structure of the data, (ii) test the internal consistency of the items, (iii) compare the traits across two consecutive survey waves, and (iv) employ regressions to demonstrate the economic relevance of the traits.ResultsThe results demonstrate a five‐factor structure that fits the Big Five model. We observe changes in personality traits over time but Cohen's d coefficients only range between 0.06 and 0.21. The average rank‐order stability, measured by the test–retest correlation of the Big Five between the two consecutive waves, lies at 0.21. Individual changes in personality traits over time relate to experienced shocks and appear to be largely independent of age, gender, and education. We further find that openness and emotional stability positively correlate with rural incomes.ConclusionsWhile there is skepticism, pertaining to the use of personality trait models in developing countries, our study demonstrates that their importance and usage cannot be rejected.
Parenting, emotion regulation, and externalizing symptomatology as adolescent antecedents to young adult health risk behaviors
Authors: Herd Toria , Jacques Karen , Brieant Alexis , Noll Jennie G. , King‐Casas Brooks , Kim‐Spoon Jungmeen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study used longitudinal data to elucidate how trajectories of negative parenting across adolescence are associated with young adult health risk behaviors (HRBs) by testing difficulties with emotion regulation and externalizing symptomatology as sequential underlying mediators. The sample included 167 adolescents (53% males, Mage = 14 at Time 1 and Mage = 18 at Time 5) who were assessed five times. Adolescents self‐reported on negative parenting, emotion regulation, externalizing symptomatology, and engagement in HRBs. Results suggest that increasingly negative parenting across adolescence has adverse consequences for emotion regulation development and in turn, externalizing symptomatology, which confers risk for young adult HRBs. Results offer insights towards mechanisms for prevention and intervention and public health policy aimed at reducing the prevalence and consequences of engagement in HRBs.
How do low‐income enrollees in the Affordable Care Act marketplaces respond to cost‐sharing?
Authors: Lavetti Kurt , DeLeire Thomas , Ziebarth Nicolas R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Affordable Care Act requires insurers to offer cost‐sharing reductions (CSRs) to low‐income consumers on the marketplaces. We link 2013–2015 All‐Payer Claims Data to 2004–2013 administrative hospital discharge data from Utah and exploit policy‐driven differences in the actuarial value of CSR plans that are solely determined by income. This allows us to examine the effect of cost‐sharing on medical spending among low‐income individuals. We find that enrollees facing lower levels of cost‐sharing have higher levels of healthcare spending, controlling for past healthcare use. We estimate demand elasticities of total health care spending among this low‐income population of approximately −0.12, suggesting that demand‐side price mechanisms in health insurance design work similarly for low‐income and higher‐income individuals. We also find that cost‐sharing subsidies substantially lower out‐of‐pocket medical care spending, showing that the CSR program is a key mechanism for making health care affordable to low‐income individuals.
Awareness and Acceptance in Anxiety‐Provoking Social Situations and Social Anxiety: Development and Initial Validation of the Social Anxiety‐Awareness and Acceptance Scale1, 2
Authors: Noda Shota , Nishiuchi Motohiro , Shirotsuki Kentaro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is marked by intense anxiety in social situations and negative cognitions. We developed the Social Anxiety‐Awareness and Acceptance Scale (SA‐AAS) to measure awareness and acceptance in anxiety‐provoking social situations and examined the relationship between awareness, acceptance, and SAD symptoms. Patients (N = 412) with SAD completed the SA‐AAS and a set of questionnaires that evaluated trait mindfulness, self‐focused attention, cost/probability bias, avoidance behavior, and social anxiety. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that the SA‐AAS has two factors: “awareness” and “acceptance.” Correlation analyses revealed that each factor had a significantly weak‐to‐moderate correlation with the total score for trait mindfulness and the observing, non‐reactivity, and describing factors. Partial correlation analyses demonstrated no significant correlations between awareness and cost/probability bias, avoidance behavior, and social anxiety. In contrast, there were significant negative correlations between acceptance and self‐focused attention, cost/probability bias, avoidance behavior, and social anxiety. A one‐way analysis of variance indicated that the low awareness and acceptance cluster, and the high awareness and low acceptance cluster had higher SAD symptom scores concerning cost/probability bias and social anxiety than the moderate and high awareness and acceptance clusters. The SA‐AAS has high reliability and validity, and acceptance of mindfulness was negatively related to SAD symptoms.
Both male and female meiosis contribute to non‐Mendelian inheritance of parental chromosomes in interspecific plant hybrids (Lolium × Festuca)
Authors: Majka Joanna , Glombik Marek , Doležalová Alžběta , Kneřová Jana , Ferreira Marco Tulio Mendes , Zwierzykowski Zbigniew , Duchoslav Martin , Studer Bruno , Doležel Jaroslav , Bartoš Jan , Kopecký David 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Some interspecific plant hybrids show unequal transmission of chromosomes from parental genomes to the successive generations. It has been suggested that this is due to a differential behavior of parental chromosomes during meiosis. However, underlying mechanism is unknown.

We analyzed chromosome composition of the F2 generation of Festuca × Lolium hybrids and reciprocal backcrosses to elucidate effects of male and female meiosis on the shift in parental genome composition. We studied male meiosis, including the attachment of chromosomes to the karyokinetic spindle and gene expression profiling of the kinetochore genes.

We found that Lolium and Festuca homoeologues were transmitted differently to the F2 generation. Female meiosis led to the replacement of Festuca chromosomes by their Lolium counterparts. In male meiosis, Festuca univalents were attached less frequently to microtubules than Lolium univalents, lagged in divisions and formed micronuclei, which were subsequently eliminated.

Genome sequence analysis revealed a number of non‐synonymous mutations between copies of the kinetochore genes from Festuca and Lolium genomes. Furthermore, we found that outer kinetochore proteins NDC80 and NNF1 were exclusively expressed from the Lolium allele. We hypothesize that silencing of Festuca alleles results in improper attachment of Festuca chromosomes to karyokinetic spindle and subsequently their gradual elimination.
The Critical Shoulder Angle Can be Accurately and Reliably Determined from Three‐Dimensional Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Long Yi , Hu Huijun , Zhou Chuanhai , Hou Jingyi , Wang Zhiling , Zhou Min , Cui Dedong , Xu Xiaoding , Yang Rui 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveAnteroposterior (AP) radiographs do not necessarily offer the optimal approach to measuring the critical shoulder angle (CSA) due to the malposition of the scapula. Three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) may offer some advantages, including the ability to rotate the scapula for position alignment and pre‐operative planning for reducing CSA. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and reliability of CSA measurement in 3D‐CT and to determine whether there is an association between CSA and rotator cuff tears (RCTs).MethodsIn this retrospective study we identified 200 patients who received shoulder arthroscopy from 2019 to 2021, including 142 patients (81 females, 61 males) with RCTs and 58 patients (14 females, 44 males) with non‐RCTs. For each participant, CSA was measured from standard shoulder AP radiographs and anterior views of 3D‐CT of the scapula by two independent assessors. Inter‐ and intra‐observer agreements were assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The relationship between the two measurement methodologies was determined by Spearman's correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots. Discriminative capacity was calculated by using receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses in the whole cohort and age sub‐groups above and below 45 years.ResultsWe found perfect inter‐observer (ICC >0.96) and intra‐observer (ICC >0.97) reliabilities for CSA measurements obtained from the standard AP radiographs and the 3D‐CT. There was a strong correlation between the two methods (r = 0.960, P < 0.001). The mean CSA was 31.7° ± 4.2° in the standard AP radiographs and 31.8° ± 4.4° in the 3D‐CT (mean difference 0.02°, P = 0.940; bias 0.02°, limits of agreement −2.29° to +2.33°). ROC analysis of the whole cohort showed that the CSA measured in the standard AP radiographs (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.812, P < 0.001) and the 3D‐CT (AUC = 0.815, P < 0.001) predicted RCT with high confidence. ROC analysis of patients aged ≥45 years showed that the CSA measured from the standard AP radiographs (AUC = 0.869, P < 0.001) and the 3D‐CT (AUC = 0.870, P < 0.001) were very good at predicting RCTs.ConclusionCSA measured from standard AP radiographs and 3D‐CT showed high consistency, and the CSA could be accurately and reliably measured using 3D‐CT. CSAs measured from standard AP radiographs and 3D‐CT could predict RCTs, especially in patients aged ≥45 years.
Ablation of ectopic atrial foci for successful management of symptomatic bradycardia: A case series (bradycardia and ectopic atrial beats)
Authors: Cunn Gregory , Willner Jonathan , John Roy M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAtrial premature contractions (PACs) that block at the atrio‐ventricular (AV) nodal level and occurring in a bigeminal frequency are recognized as a cause of symptomatic bradycardia. Appropriate suppression of the PACs often results in restoration of a regular rhythm with resolution of bradycardia‐related symptoms. We report a series of three patients with non‐conducted bigeminal PACs arising from the mitral annulus that resulted in symptomatic bradycardia and who were referred for consideration of cardiac pacing. Focal ablation suppressed PACs restoring a normal heart rate and resolution of symptoms without resorting to cardiac pacing.