bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth Weight and Gestational Age as Modifiers of Rehospitalization after Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission
Authors: Moreno Tatiana , Ehwerhemuepha Louis , Devin Joan , Feaster William , Mikhael Michel 
Published: March 2023

Objective This study aimed to assess interaction effects between gestational age and birth weight on 30-day unplanned hospital readmission following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Study Design This is a retrospective study that uses the study site's Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database and electronic health records. Population included patients discharged from a NICU between January 2017 and March 2020. Variables encompassing demographics, gestational age, birth weight, medications, maternal data, and surgical procedures were controlled for. A statistical interaction between gestational age and birth weight was tested for statistical significance.
Results A total of 2,307 neonates were included, with 7.2% readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Statistical interaction between birth weight and gestational age was statistically significant, indicating that the odds of readmission among low birthweight premature patients increase with increasing gestational age, whereas decrease with increasing gestational age among their normal or high birth weight peers.
Conclusion The effect of gestational age on odds of hospital readmission is dependent on birth weight.
Key Points
Zimbabwean civil society survival in the post-coup environment: a political settlements analysis
Authors: Dendere Chipo , Taodzera Shingirai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe political environment in post-independence Zimbabwe has been very hostile for interest groups, particularly since 2000 when civil society actions and opposition political activity formidably challenged the power and dominance of the ZANU PF party. However, the 2017 ouster of Robert Mugabe gave rise to renewed hope for political change. Using the political settlements theoretical framework, and data obtained from interviews with Zimbabwean civil society leaders, studies of legal documents, and government pronouncements, we analyze the changes in the relationship between the state and civil society groups during President Emmerson Mnangagwa’s regime. We find that, while civil society faced restrictions during Mugabe's tenure, their existence is now under much more scrutiny under Mnangagwa’s militarized government. This is because authoritarian regimes are more likely to increase the suppression of citizen voices when faced with growing citizen engagement.
Optimized design of the ion optics based on the over-perveance characteristics of the beam current
Authors: Chen Juanjuan , Guo Ning , Geng Hai , Hu Jing , Wang Yanlong , Yang Hao 
Published: March 2023

To illustrate the erosion mechanism of the edge aperture by high-energy ions, a three-dimension simulation model was established, and a particle-in-cell method was applied in tracking the hitting processes as well as a Monte Carlo collision method was used to deal with the particles’ collision. Numerical results showed that the potentials interacted among the sheaths of adjacent holes and the beam ions were over-focused in the accelerator gap, causing some ions to be intercepted on the downstream wall of the decelerator grid. This was a typical under-perveance characteristic of the beam current, operating at significantly less than the optimal perveance and corresponding to lower beam currents than optimal combination, which pushed the sheath to the left farther into the plasma. The farther the grid was, the more serious erosion patterns developed. In addition, the charge exchange ions were attracted and bombarded on the decelerator and the accelerator grids, respectively. The ion optics of the 30 cm ion thruster was optimized from four-zone to three-zone, where the plasma density upstream of the screen grid was increased by 1.5% and the perveance characteristics of the beam ions were improved such that many ions struck the edge hole. The background pressure was reduced from 3.0 × 10−3 to 8.0 × 10−4 Pa to decrease the erosion depths of the grids caused by the charge exchange ions, about 9.09% and two orders of magnitude, respectively, for the accelerator and decelerator grids.
High open-circuit voltage in single-crystalline n-type SnS/MoO3 photovoltaics
Authors: Suzuki Issei , Lin Zexin , Nogami Taichi , Kawanishi Sakiko , Huang Binxiang , Klein Andreas , Omata Takahisa 
Published: March 2023

It has been recently reported that n-type single crystalline SnS exhibits a large band bending (∼1 eV) at the interface with MoO3, which is a large work function material. In this study, we applied this interface to solar cells for the first time and evaluated its photovoltaic properties. The highest VOC achieved was 437 mV. Although this value is the highest ever recorded for SnS solar cells, it was lower than the expected value of 700–800 mV. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 4.4%. Based on an analysis of the device parameters, we propose methods for improving the device performance, including VOC, the short-circuit current, and PCE. The carrier-collection length of the n-type SnS single crystals was estimated to be ∼200 nm based on the external quantum efficiency measurements. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the VOC of SnS solar cells can be improved by fabricating a junction with MoO3 thin films.
Statistical testing of range-size change as affected by the extremes of seasonal maximum temperatures
Authors: Dhanoa M.S. , Sanderson R. , Ellis J.L. , Powell C.D. , López S. , Shepherd A. , Cardenas L.M. , France J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Any geo-position on Earth will have its own seasonal pattern of maximum day temperatures. Climate change driven extreme temperature episodes may disturb such patterns and create temperature range changes. The significance of such changes can be tested statistically by maximum temperature range data analysis using the distribution of the ratio of range to standard deviation. Structural pattern trends, percentiles and kurtosis summaries bring out more details of seasonal temperatures.
Unusual spin–orbit torque switching in perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnets with strong interlayer exchange coupling
Authors: Luo Xuming , Wang Yuqiang , Liu Shiqiang , Guo Tengyu , Han Xiufeng , Yu Guoqiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) is an outstanding system for controlling magnetic coupling via tuning the layer thickness and material composition. Here, we control the interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) in a perpendicularly magnetized SAF Pt/Co/Ir/CoFeB/MgO multilayer, which is tuned by varying the nonmagnetic layer Ir thickness and the magnetic layer Co thickness. And we study the spin–orbit torque (SOT) driven magnetization switching of the SAF. In the SAF with a weak IEC, the SOT-driven switching behavior is similar to that of a single ferromagnet system, which is dominated by the external magnetic field. In contrast, in the SAF with an ultra-strong IEC, the saturation magnetic field is large than 50 kOe, and the SOT-driven switching behavior is decided by the effective magnetic field. The effective field is correlated to the external magnetic field, the IEC field, magnetic moments of CoFeB and Co, and magnetic anisotropy. These results may advance the understanding of SOT switching of perpendicular SAFs and promote the applications of SAFs with low stray fields and lower power in spintronic devices.
Atomic layer deposition of ZnO on polypropylene nonwovens for photocatalytic antibacterial facemasks
Authors: Qian Xiaofeng , Xiong Sen , Rao Yuanyuan , Low Ze-Xian , Zhong Zhaoxiang , Wang Yong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Addressing respiratory infectious diseases remains one of the main priorities due to the increased risk of exposure caused by population growth, increasing international travel and commerce, and most recently, the COVID-19 outbreak. In the war against respiratory diseases, facemasks are powerful tools to obstruct the penetration of microorganisms, thereby protecting the wearer from infections. Nonetheless, the intercepted microorganisms on the surface of facemasks may proliferate and lead to secondary infection. To solve this problem, atomic layer deposition is introduced to deposit uniform and mechanically robust ZnO layers on polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabrics, a widely used raw material in fabricating facemasks. The loading of ZnO demonstrates no adverse effects on the separation performance of facemasks, and the filtration efficiency of the facemasks towards different types of nanoparticles remains higher than 98.9%. Moreover, the modified PP nonwoven fabrics are granted with excellent antibacterial activity and photocatalytic sterilization ability, which can inactivate both germ-negative and germ-positive bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) effectively with and without light illumination. Therefore, the modified PP nonwoven fabrics are potential candidates to be used as the outer layer on facemasks and endow them with photocatalytic antibacterial activity.
The sensitivity enhancement of TiO2-based VOCs sensor decorated by gold at room temperature
Authors: Shooshtari Mostafa , Vollebregt Sten , Vaseghi Yas , Rajati Mahshid , Pahlavan Saeideh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Detection of hazardous toxic gases for air pollution monitoring and medical diagnosis has attracted the attention of researchers in order to realize sufficiently sensitive gas sensors. In this paper, we fabricated and characterized a Titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based gas sensor enhanced using the gold nanoparticles. Thermal oxidation and sputter deposition methods were used to synthesize fabricated gas sensor. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the anatase structure of TiO2 samples. It was found that the presence of gold nanoparticles on the surface of TiO2 enhances the sensitivity response of gas sensors by up to about 40%. The fabricated gas sensor showed a sensitivity of 1.1, 1.07 and 1.03 to 50 ppm of acetone, methanol and ethanol vapors at room temperature, respectively. Additionally, the gold nanoparticles reduce 50 s of response time (about 50% reduction) in the presence of 50 ppm ethanol vapor; and we demonstrated that the recovery time of the gold decorated TiO2 sensor is less than 40 s. Moreover, we explain that the improved performance depends on the adsorption-desorption mechanism, and the chemical sensitization and electronic sensitization of gold nanoparticles.
Effects of a radial variation of surface coefficients on plasma uniformity in capacitive RF discharges
Authors: Wang Li , Hartmann Peter , Donkó Zoltán , Song Yuan-Hong , Schulze Julian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With the increasing demands toward large area plasma etching and deposition, the radial uniformity of capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) becomes one of the key factors that determine process performance in industrial applications. However, there is a variety of parasitic effects, e.g. electromagnetic and electrostatic edge effects, that typically lead to the formation of nonuniform radial plasma density profiles at various discharge conditions with a density peak appearing either at the center or near the edges of the electrodes. Moreover, in commercial CCPs different surface materials are in contact with the plasma at various positions as parts of boundary surfaces such as focus rings, masks, showerhead electrodes, wall and/or target materials. Via complex material specific plasma-surface interactions, the presence of such different surface materials affects plasma uniformity in a way that is typically not understood and, thus, not controlled. In this work, aided by 2d3v graphics processing unit accelerated particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations, we study the effects of radial variations of electrode materials on the plasma via their different ion and electron induced secondary electron emission as well as electron reflection coefficients on the discharge characteristics. Based on such fundamental understanding we tailor the radial variation of boundary surface materials to improve plasma uniformity in low pressure CCPs. Such investigations are performed at different neutral gas pressures, where both center and edge high radial plasma density profiles form in the presence of radially uniform surface coefficients that resemble the presence of a single electrode material. It is demonstrated that by radially varying the surface coefficients at the grounded electrode, the radial plasma density profile can be finely adjusted and the plasma uniformity above the wafer placed at the powered electrode can be improved in both cases.
Ultra-fast development of Ar 2p

1−10

relative densities in nanosecond-pulsed barrier discharge in argon
Authors: Kusýn L , Prokop D , Navrátil Z , Hoder T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A time-correlated single photon counting based optical emission spectroscopy technique is applied for an investigation of the nanosecond-pulsed barrier discharge in atmospheric pressure argon gas. We record the development of the light intensities originating from all ten Ar 2p

1
−
10

(Paschen notation) radiative states with high spatio-temporal resolution. We identify different stages of the discharge development: an early rapid electron avalanching, streamer propagation phase, generation of discharge channel and surface streamer propagation over the dielectric surface. The quantified relative 2p

1
−
10

densities for identified discharge phases enable a well-resolved insight into the ultra-fast discharge kinetics and open a possibility for the development of future detailed diagnostics of the rapidly ionized argon plasmas. Moreover, the electrical characterization of the discharge is made using the simplest equivalent circuit and it reveals new findings for the application of such an approach for similar discharges.
Coplanar integration of antipodal vivaldi antenna with metasurface antennas for ground penetrating radar and 5–GHz WIFI applications
Authors: Cheng Houyuan , Li Yujun , Wu Jiong , Fu Yang , Yang Yuejie , Lu Taoming , Yang Helin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we design a novel antenna with dual-band and multi-radiation modes by integrating the two metasurface binary array antennas (MBAAs) into the antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA). Metasurface binary array antenna 1 (MBAA-1) and metasurface binary array antenna 2 (MBAA-2) are symmetrically embedded on two radiation patches of AVA. When AVA is excited, vertical down radiation can be achieved. When MBAA-1 or MBAA-2 is excited, horizontal forward or backward radiation can be achieved. The simulated results show that AVA and MBAAs have the −10 dB return loss bandwidths of 163.6% and 9.3% and the realized gain of 5.5–8.1 dBi and 8.0–10.0 dBi cover the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) band (0.6–6.0 GHz) and the 5–GHz WIFI band (4.9–5.9 GHz), respectively. The test results are in good agreement with the simulated results. The proposed antenna realizes the integrated design of 5–GHz WIFI and GPR antennas, which can be applied to the antenna system design of intelligent robots and UAVs, and contribute to the integration development of wireless communication and radar in the future.
Dynamic behaviors of the lump solutions and mixed solutions to a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear model
Authors: Chen Si-Jia , Lü Xing , Yin Yu-Hang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a combined form of the bilinear Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation and the bilinear extended (2+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation, which is linked with a novel (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear model. This model might be applied to describe the evolution of nonlinear waves in the ocean. Under the effect of a novel combination of nonlinearity and dispersion terms, two cases of lump solutions to the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear model are derived by searching for the quadratic function solutions to the bilinear form. Moreover, the one-lump-multi-stripe solutions are constructed by the test function combining quadratic functions and multiple exponential functions. The one-lump-multi-soliton solutions are derived by the test function combining quadratic functions and multiple hyperbolic cosine functions. Dynamic behaviors of the lump solutions and mixed solutions are analyzed via numerical simulation. The result is of importance to provide efficient expressions to model nonlinear waves and explain some interaction mechanism of nonlinear waves in physics.
Temporal interference current stimulation in peripheral nerves is not driven by envelope extraction
Authors: Budde Ryan B , Williams Michael T , Irazoqui Pedro P 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background. Electrical neuromodulation remains an effective therapy for multiple neurological disorders. One strategy to electrically stimulate nerves utilizes the interference of multiple high frequency waveforms. This technique, known as temporal interference stimulation or interferential current stimulation, has recently gained significant attention as a method to improve the state-of-the-art in neurostimulation in both animal studies and human clinical trials. Objective. Here we report our investigation into the fundamental properties of the neuronal response to these types of waveforms—the effects of carrier and envelope frequencies, thresholds, firing behavior, and phase and asymmetric interference patterns. Methods. We utilized a cuff electrode on the rat sciatic nerve to apply a variety of interferential signals. We recorded muscle activity in the plantar muscles and biceps femoris, which are proxies for activity on two of the major branches of the sciatic, which are spatially distinct in the target volume. We tested both fundamental recruitment properties as well as spatial techniques to selectively activate either muscle group. Results. Our data suggest, contrary to the currently accepted explanation, that neurons do not extract envelopes at all, and that the response to these signals is well explained by a resistor–capacitor (i.e. integrator) membrane with a fixed firing threshold. Basic interference techniques do not change recruitment far from electrodes. Techniques can produce regions of both phasic activation and tonic activation/conduction block. Conclusions. An integrator model suggests that interference techniques are less capable of minimally invasive stimulation for a subcortical brain target than previously thought. Human clinical trials using these techniques should reevaluate their methods. Interference stimulation allows significant target selectivity in a peripheral cuff electrode with targets near electrodes. These techniques can allow spatially distinct regions of phasic firing, tonic firing, conduction block, and no effect.
Hyperlink prediction via local random walks and Jensen–Shannon divergence
Authors: Xu Xin-Jian , Deng Chong , Zhang Li-Jie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Many real-world systems involving higher-order interactions can be modeled by hypergraphs, where vertices represent the systemic units and hyperedges describe the interactions among them. In this paper, we focus on the problem of hyperlink prediction which aims at inferring missing hyperlinks based on observed hyperlinks. We propose three similarity indices for hyperlink prediction based on local random walks and Jensen–Shannon divergence. Numerical experiments show that the proposed indices outperform the state-of-the-art methods on a broad range of datasets.
Compensation behavior in (Fe–Ni) core–shell nanostructures: Heisenberg Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: El Ghazrani A , Htoutou K , Harir S , Drissi L B 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
By performing atomistic simulations, we have studied some features of classical Heisenberg model using the statistical Monte Carlo method MC under the Hinzke–Nowak algorithm. First, we have deeply explored magnetic and thermal properties of a core–shell nanosphere model and investigate the behaviors of the temperature-dependent magnetization, magnetic susceptibility and phase diagrams for different possible exchange interactions. The obtained results show the existence of diverse -types behaviors in the Néel classification nomenclature. Then, we have applied the same computational method to the real (Fe, Ni) nanostructure using experimental values of magnetic parameters for iron and nickel. It is demonstrated that (Fe, Ni) nanoparticle exhibits a compensation phenomenon compatible with those found in the experimental studies.
Dualized Ammann-Kramer-Neri tiling
Authors: Fujita Nobuhisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSelf-similarity is a key characteristic of quasicrystalline tilings. The similarity ratio can be ann-th power of the irrational scaling unit associated with the relevant non-crystallographic Bravais class, wherenis a natural number (e.g., 1, 2, …). The Ammann-Kramer-Neri tiling is a famous quasicrystalline tiling with icosahedral symmetry based on acute and obtuse rhombohedra. It has however remained underexplored in view of its self-similarity, since any attempt to find substitution rules has by far been hindered by the large similarity ratio of no less thanτ3, whereτis the golden mean. We hereby illustrate a new approach to tackle this issue by introducing an auxiliary tiling that combines the rhombohedral tiling and its crystallographic dual supported on the body-centre positions. The vertices of this “dualized” tiling arise from the cut through the same kind of acceptance domain as that of the rhombohedral tiling, namely rhombic triacontahedron, attached to every point of the six-dimensional body-centred icosahedral Bravais lattice. Eleven kinds of polyhedra, nine out of which are tetrahedra, are identified as prototiles. This new tiling admits self-similarity withτbeing the similarity ratio.
Spatial management of enterprise resource supply adaptation in circular economy conditions
Authors: Lutskyi M , Arefieva O , Kovalchuk A , Tytykalo V , Kopcha Y 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The article considers the analytical approach to the spatial management of the adaptation of the enterprise economic potential in circular economy. The research is based on the dependence of economic potential management systems on its level at the enterprise. The spatial management of economic potential adaptations requires the use of a comprehensive approach to the assessment of its level. The comprehensive approach includes a combination of methods of the factor analysis, the method of principal components and correlation and the regression analysis. The authors propose summary indicators of the components of economic potential that maximally reflect the adaptation of enterprises to modern conditions of economic management. On the basis of the correlation and regression analysis the integral indicator of economic potential evaluation has been calculated, the implementation of which will allow to build an effective system of spatial management of adaptation of economic potential of the company in circular economy. The practical value of the obtained results consists in substantiation of the spatial management of adaptation of the enterprise economic potential in conditions of circular economy by means of the suggested methodology of calculation of the economic potential level.