bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetic acid‐assisted mild dealloying of fine CuPd nanoalloys achieving compressive strain toward high‐efficiency oxygen reduction and ethanol oxidation electrocatalysis
Authors: Liu Danye , Zhang Yu , Liu Hui , Rao Peng , Xu Lin , Chen Dong , Tian Xinlong , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDealloying by which the transition metal is partially or completely leached from an alloy precursor is an effective way to optimize the fundamental effects for further enhancing the electrocatalysis of a catalyst. Herein, to address the deficiencies associated with the commonly used dealloying methods, for example, electrochemical and sulfuric acid/nitric acid treatment, we report an acetic acid‐assisted mild strategy to dealloy Cu atoms from the outer surface layers of CuPd alloy nanoparticles to achieve high‐efficiency electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction and ethanol oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte. The leaching of Cu atoms by acetic acid exerts an additional compressive strain effect on the surface layers and exposes more active Pd atoms, which is beneficial for boosting the catalytic performance of a dealloyed catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). In particular, for ORR, the CuPd nanoparticles with a Pd/Cu molar ratio of 2:1 after acetic dealloying show a half‐wave potential of 0.912 V (vs. RHE) and a mass activity of 0.213 A mgPd−1 at 0.9 V, respectively, while for EOR, the same dealloyed sample has a mass activity and a specific activity of 8.4 A mg−1 and 8.23 mA cm−2, respectively, much better than their dealloyed counterparts at other temperatures and commercial Pd/C as well as a Pt/C catalyst.
The diagnostic accuracy of pleomorphic adenoma in fine needle aspiration: Features leading to false positive and false negative diagnoses and the utility of cell blocks
Authors: Tommola Erkka , Tommola Satu , Kholová Ivana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveFine needle aspiration (FNA) is a well‐established tool in preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions with diagnostic accuracy of 90%. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor comprising 45%–74% of all salivary gland tumors with FNA diagnostic accuracy of 89.5%–96.2%. The aim of the present study was to determine and analyze potential cytomorphological pitfalls and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy in FNA diagnosis of PA.MethodsSalivary gland specimens with both cytological and histological diagnoses were searched over a 10‐year‐period (2009–2018) from a laboratory information system of Pathology Department, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere and matched to determine concordant and discordant PA cases. Sufficient material in histological and cytological sample was found in 401 cases. In 218 cases (54.4%) diagnosis was true‐negative PA, in 169 cases (42.1%) diagnosis was true‐positive PA and there were 14 discordant cases: 4 false‐positive cases and 10 false‐negative cases. False‐negative cases were reclassified and subgrouped according to The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC).ResultsCytomorphologically, cell type predominance was more often myoepithelial in true‐positive cases (65%) and epithelial both in false‐negative (70%, p = .007) and false‐positive cases (75%, p = .027). Well‐formed ducts were present in cytology in all true‐positive cases (p < .001). Only 10% of true‐positive cases did not show any matrix in cytology (p < .001). Nuclear changes were common in false‐negative cases (80%, p = .002) and false‐positive cases (75%, p = .003). Beneficial cell block (CB) was more common in true‐positive cases (85%) than in false‐negative cases (50%, p = .041) or in false‐positive cases (50%, p = .116) and a lack of beneficial CB led more often to a false diagnosis (70% false diagnosis without beneficial CB versus 29% false diagnosis with beneficial CB).ConclusionThe present study showed diagnostic accuracy of 96.5% for FNA in PA diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 94.4%, 98.2%, 97.7%, and 95.6%, respectively. The benefit of CBs was more evident in true‐positive cases (85%).
Local recurrence of submucosal invasive colorectal cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection revealed by copy number variation
Authors: Okazawa Yu , Sugimoto Kiichi , Ii Yuki , Irie Takahiro , Kawaguchi Megumi , Kobari Aya , Momose Hirotaka , Tsuchiya Yuki , Amemiya Kota , Motegi Shunsuke , Tsukamoto Ryoichi , Kure Kazumasa , Honjo Kumpei , Ro Hisashi , Takahashi Rina , Kawano Shingo , Kawai Masaya , Ishiyama Shun , Takahashi Makoto , Kojima Yutaka , Tomiki Yuichi , Arakawa Atsushi , Yao Takashi , Satomi Kaishi , Matsushita Yuko , Ichimura Koichi , Sakamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe report a case in which analysis of copy number variation revealed local recurrence of submucosal invasive colorectal cancer after curative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). An 86‐year‐old man with a history of abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for rectal cancer underwent resection with ESD for early‐stage sigmoid cancer 5 cm away from the stoma opening. At the same time, ileocecal resection was performed for advanced cecal cancer. Twelve months after ESD, advanced cancer occurred in the area of the ESD lesion. It was unclear if the cancer was a local recurrence after ESD, implantation of cecal cancer, or a new lesion. Copy number variation analysis performed for the three lesions revealed that the new lesion originated from residual tumor cells from ESD and was unlikely to be cecal cancer.
Circumventing pyroptosis via hyperactivation shapes superior immune responses of human type 2 dendritic cells compared to type 3 dendritic cells
Authors: Hatscher Lukas , Kaszubowski Tomasz , Amon Lukas , Dudziak Diana , Heger Lukas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExploiting inflammasome activation in dendritic cells (DCs) is a promising approach to fight cancer and to augment adjuvant‐induced immune responses. As inflammasome formation is typically accompanied by pyroptosis, hyperactivation—defined as inflammasome activation in the absence of pyroptosis—represents a mechanism of circumventing cell death of DCs while simultaneously benefitting from inflammasome signaling. We previously demonstrated a unique specialization for inflammasome responses and hyperactivation of human cDC2 among all human DC subsets. As recent investigations revealed heterogeneity among the human cDC2 population, we aimed to analyze whether the two recently identified cDC2 subpopulations DC2 and DC3 harbor similar or different inflammasome characteristics. Here, we report that both DC2 and DC3 are inflammasome competent. We show that DC3 generally induce stronger inflammasome responses, which are associated with higher levels of cell death. Although DC2 release lower levels of inflammasome‐dependent IL‐1β, they induce stronger CD4+ T cell responses than DC3, which are predominantly skewed toward a TH1/TH17 phenotype. Thus, mainly DC2 seem to be able to enter a state of hyperactivation, resulting in enhanced T cell stimulatory capacity.
Antiseizure medication withdrawal risk estimation and recommendations: A survey of American Academy of Neurology and EpiCARE members
Authors: Terman Samuel W. , van Griethuysen Renate , Rheaume Carole E. , Slinger Geertruida , Haque Anisa S. , Smith Shawna N. , Kerr Wesley T. , van Asch Charlotte , Otte Willem M. , Ferreira‐Atuesta Carolina , Galovic Marian , Burke James F. , Braun Kees P. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveChoosing candidates for antiseizure medication (ASM) withdrawal in well‐controlled epilepsy is challenging. We evaluated (a) the correlation between neurologists' seizure risk estimation (“clinician predictions”) vs calculated predictions, (b) how viewing calculated predictions influenced recommendations, and (c) barriers to using risk calculation.MethodsWe asked US and European neurologists to predict 2‐year seizure risk after ASM withdrawal for hypothetical vignettes. We compared ASM withdrawal recommendations before vs after viewing calculated predictions, using generalized linear models.ResultsThree‐hundred and forty‐six neurologists responded. There was moderate correlation between clinician and calculated predictions (Spearman coefficient 0.42). Clinician predictions varied widely, for example, predictions ranged 5%‐100% for a 2‐year seizure‐free adult without epileptiform abnormalities. Mean clinician predictions exceeded calculated predictions for vignettes with epileptiform abnormalities (eg, childhood absence epilepsy: clinician 65%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 57%‐74%; calculated 46%) and surgical vignettes (eg, focal cortical dysplasia 6‐month seizure‐free mean clinician 56%, 95% CI 52%‐60%; calculated 28%). Clinicians overestimated the influence of epileptiform EEG findings on withdrawal risk (26%, 95% CI 24%‐28%) compared with calculators (14%, 95% 13%‐14%). Viewing calculated predictions slightly reduced willingness to withdraw (−0.8/10 change, 95% CI −1.0 to −0.7), particularly for vignettes without epileptiform abnormalities. The greatest barrier to calculator use was doubting its accuracy (44%).SignificanceClinicians overestimated the influence of abnormal EEGs particularly for low‐risk patients and overestimated risk and the influence of seizure‐free duration for surgical patients, compared with calculators. These data may question widespread ordering of EEGs or time‐based seizure‐free thresholds for surgical patients. Viewing calculated predictions reduced willingness to withdraw particularly without epileptiform abnormalities.
Effect of conductive carbon additives and negative/positive capacity ratio on graphite/LiFePO4 full‐cells performance
Authors: Nguyen Minh Thu , Pham Thanh Liem , Tuyen Huynh Thi Kim , Dai Hue Ngan , Le My Loan Phung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study two factors (carbon additive, N/P ratio) affecting the performance of Li‐ion cells using LiFePO4 (LFP) synthesized via the hydrothermal method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the synthesized LFP material is pure and within the single phase of the orthorhombic lattice. The electrochemical properties of synthesized LFP cathode (physically mixed with different carbon C65 and CNTs) were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatically cycling. The diffusion coefficients of LFP‐CNTs and LFP‐C65 were calculated using the Randles‐Sevcik equation and reached 8.350.10−10 cm2 s−1 and 1.620.10−10 cm2 s−1, respectively. In a rate capability tests, LFP‐CNTs based cell demonstrates an excellent cyclability with a discharge capacity (CapDis) of 147.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and 84.0 mAh g−1 at 5.0C, whereas LFP‐C65 completely lost capacity at 2.0C. In addition, the investigation of negative/positive capacity ratios (N/P ratios) at 1.18 and 1.23 reveals high specific capacity (Capspe), high‐capacity retention, and an excellent charge/discharge efficiency (EC/DC) at different C‐rates.
Qualitative analysis of the perceptions of rural communities about the use of awareness‐raising videos in nutrition and health programs in Benin
Authors: Bodjrenou Fifali Sam Ulrich , Amoussa Hounkpatin Waliou , Bada Merveille , Vodouhe Simplice Davo , Termote Céline , Savy Mathilde 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study aims at analyzing the perceptions of mothers, community leaders, and nutrition/health care workers (NHCWs) about using videos in nutrition and health programs compared to posters. In total, we recruited 42 mothers, 39 community leaders, and 30 NHCWs from villages and local organizations in two rural districts in South Benin, Bopa, and Houéyogbé. Learning sessions on Dietary diversity and Hygiene and deworming were organized using posters and videos. Participants' opinions on pros and cons of videos and posters were collected using individual semi‐structured interviews with NHCWs and focus group discussions with mothers and community leaders, then analyzed thematically. Results showed that videos were perceived as more adapted to rural communities than posters because they were in local languages, self‐explanatory, appealing, and captivating. Videos also enabled the dissemination of standardized messages. Globally, participants better‐understood messages from videos than from posters, especially when dealing with dynamic processes. However, the speed of video sequences allowed limited time for self‐reflection and assimilation of certain messages. The absence of electricity and lack of equipment to play videos in villages are also major constraints on the use of videos in such settings. While videos are innovant communication tools that should be promoted to improve motivation and compliance in learnings, they should be preferably used as complements to traditional posters for optimized assimilation of messages.
Effective data augmentation for brain tumor segmentation
Authors: Akram Muhammad Tahir , Asghar Sohail , Shahid Ahmad Raza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis research is to propose a training strategy for 2D U‐Net is proposed that uses selective data augmentation technique to overcome the class imbalance issue. This also helps in generating synthetic data for training which improves the generalization capabilities of the segmentation network. The training data are prepared with random sampling to further reduce the class imbalance. The post‐processing stage is used to decrease the outliers in the final output. The performance of the proposed solution is tested on the online leaderboard. The results achieved on the validation set of Brain Tumor Segmentation 2019 dataset were 0.79, 0.89, and 0.8 for enhancing tumor (ET), whole tumor (WT), and core tumor (CT) respectively. The part of the training set is also evaluated locally, and the results show the effectiveness of using selective data augmentation and random sampling. The multi‐view fusion improved the robustness and overall dice scores.
Ablation of porcine subcutaneous fat and porcine aorta tissues by a burst‐mode nanosecond‐pulsed laser at 355 nm
Authors: Sun Kexiong , He Hongzhang , Xia Xinyu , Wu Han , Tao Ling , Ma Xiuquan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh‐energy laser pulses used in laser angioplasty are challenging the laser cost, delivery system damage, efficiency, and laser catheter operating time. 355 nm nanosecond‐pulsed laser in burst mode has shown potentials in reducing the system complexity and selective ablation of tissues. In this paper, burst mode laser ablation of porcine subcutaneous fat and porcine aorta is investigated. A histopathological analysis demonstrates that porcine subcutaneous fat can be ablated at a rate of greater than 0.2 mm/s when the number of pulses per burst is 1500 (corresponding to a fluence of 0.12 mJ/mm2per pulse and 180 mJ/mm2per burst), and the temperature of tissue during lasing is lower than 45°C. The porcine aorta remains nearly unaffected at the same laser parameter, and the tissue temperature during lasing is lower than 35°C. It shows the feasibility of using a burst‐mode laser for selective ablation of tissue.
A remote sensing‐based approach for spatiotemporal refined assessment of freshwater wetland ecological risk in coastal zones: A case in Jiangsu's coastal zone
Authors: Xiong Junfeng , Li Juanjuan , Huang Jinyi , Bu Xinguo , Yang Xingdian , Lin Chen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRapid, long‐term, and robust wetland ecological risk assessment is critical for managing coastal zones. In view of the characteristics of frequent human activities and broken plots in the coastal zone, the traditional assessment method is not fine enough. Satellite earth observation provides an unparalleled source of data for rapidly monitoring and assessing coastal wetland ecological risks through time and across a large spatial range. With the support of multi‐source remote sensing data such as precipitation, temperature, night light, land cover products, etc., a wetland ecological risk assessment method is established in this paper, and the wetland ecological risk is evaluated year by year by a grid. The evaluation results indicate that the ecological risk level of coastal wetlands in Jiangsu Province has shown an upward trend since 2015, with a high ecological risk in the north and a low ecological risk in the south, and the source area mainly appears in the northwest. Meanwhile, the year‐by‐year grid assessment can not only accurately describe the spatial and temporal distribution of wetland ecological risks but also clarify the spatial and temporal characteristics of risk source areas. Additionally, the results obtained by year‐on‐year assessment of consecutive years and clustering and zoning according to the time‐series can better represent the risk status of the time period and exclude the impact of accidental factors on the evaluation results. Although optimization for different types of wetlands can improve the accuracy of assessment, more wetland risk assessment with a longer term and a larger scale, combined with carbon emissions, will provide a basis for global wetland management.
PAX–FOXO1 fusion status in children and adolescents with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: Impact on clinical, pathological, and survival features
Authors: Raze Thomas , Lapouble Eve , Lacour Brigitte , Guissou Sandra , Defachelles Anne‐Sophie , Gaspar Nathalie , Delattre Olivier , Pierron Gaelle , Desandes Emmanuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is an aggressive pediatric cancer and cases with fusion PAX3–FOXO1 and PAX7–FOXO1 seem to have a poor prognosis. The aim is to evaluate whether PAX–FOXO1 alterations influence clinical outcome in childhood and adolescence population with ARMS.ProcedureA population‐based study was conducted between 2011 and 2016 in patients less than 17 years with a diagnosis of ARMS. Overall survival (OS) depending on fusion status with clinical factors was analyzed.ResultsOut of 111 ARMS patients recorded in the French National Childhood Cancer Registry during the 2011–2016 period, 61% expressed PAX3–FOXO1, 15% expressed PAX7–FOXO1, 13% were FOXO1 fusion‐positive without PAX specification, and 7% were PAX–FOXO1 negative (n = 4 missing data). Compared to patients with PAX7–FOXO1 positive ARMS, those with PAX3–FOXO1 positive tumor were significantly older (10–17 years: 57.4% vs. 29.4%), and had more often a metastatic disease (54.4% vs. 23.5%). Poorer 5‐year OS for patients with PAX3–FOXO1 and PAX not specified FOXO1‐positive tumor were observed (44.0% [32.0–55.4] and 35.7% [13.1–59.4], respectively). After adjustment for stage at diagnosis, patients with positive tumor for PAX3–FOXO1 were 3.6‐fold more likely to die than those with positive tumor for PAX7–FOXO1.ConclusionAt the population level, PAX3–FOXO1 was associated with a significant higher risk of death compared to PAX7–FOXO1‐positive and PAX–FOXO1‐negative tumors, and could explain poorer 5‐year OS observed in adolescence population diagnosed with ARMS. A continuous risk score derived from the combination of clinical parameters with PAX3–FOXO1 fusion status represents a robust approach to improving current risk‐adapted therapy for ARMS.
Foaming behavior of polyamide 1212 elastomers/polyurethane composites with improved melt strength and interfacial compatibility via chain extension
Authors: Lai Jun , Huang Feng , Huang An , Liu Tong , Peng Xiangfang , Wu Jianming , Geng Lihong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLong carbon chain thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE) with PA1212 as hard segment and polytetrahydrofuran as soft segment was synthesized successfully. Subsequently, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) incorporated to compensate for the high cost of TPAE and improved the foaming performance, in which a chain extender (ADR) was applied to enhance melt strength and interfacial compatibility simultaneously. The effect of ADR content on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and foaming properties of TPAE/TPU composites were investigated in detail. It was found that the composite foams showed a more perfect cell structure, high cell density, and increased expansion ratio because of the enhanced melt strength and interfacial compatibility, when ADR was incorporated. With the increase of ADR content, the cell size and expansion ratio of the composite foams with TPU content of 30% showed a trend of first increasing and the following decreasing. The cell size reached a maximum value when the content of ADR was 2%, which was 25.81 μm. Consequently, the obtained TPAE/TPU composite foams showed an outstanding compressive modulus and resilient performance to broaden its application in footwear industry.
Molecular structures reveal the origin of spectral variation in cryptophyte light harvesting antenna proteins
Authors: Michie Katharine A. , Harrop Stephen J. , Rathbone Harry W. , Wilk Krystyna E. , Teng Chang Ying , Hoef‐Emden Kerstin , Hiller Roger G. , Green Beverley R. , Curmi Paul M. G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn addition to their membrane‐bound chlorophyll a/c light‐harvesting antenna, the cryptophyte algae have evolved a unique phycobiliprotein antenna system located in the thylakoid lumen. The basic unit of this antenna consists of two copies of an αβ protomer where the α and β subunits scaffold different combinations of a limited number of linear tetrapyrrole chromophores. While the β subunit is highly conserved, encoded by a single plastid gene, the nuclear‐encoded α subunits have evolved diversified multigene families. It is still unclear how this sequence diversity results in the spectral diversity of the mature proteins. By careful examination of three newly determined crystal structures in comparison with three previously obtained, we show how the α subunit amino acid sequences control chromophore conformations and hence spectral properties even when the chromophores are identical. Previously we have shown that α subunits control the quaternary structure of the mature αβ.αβ complex (either open or closed), however, each species appeared to only harbor a single quaternary form. Here we show that species of the Hemiselmis genus contain expressed α subunit genes that encode both distinct quaternary structures. Finally, we have discovered a common single‐copy gene (expressed into protein) consisting of tandem copies of a small α subunit that could potentially scaffold pairs of light harvesting units. Together, our results show how the diversity of the multigene α subunit family produces a range of mature cryptophyte antenna proteins with differing spectral properties, and the potential for minor forms that could contribute to acclimation to varying light regimes.