bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mid vowels at the crossroads between standard and regional Italian
Authors: Vietti Alessandro , Mereu Daniela 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The variety of Italian spoken in Bolzano (South Tyrol) represents a singular case in Italy, because it is not the result of a long-term contact between standard and Italo-Romance dialects but rather the outcome of a process of levelling and koineization. In such sociolinguistic scenario, it is interesting to study phonological variability in Bolzano Italian with the aim of understanding which language varieties have possibly played a role as models from a sociolinguistic point of view. The purpose of our exploratory study is to characterize this variety within the spectrum of variation between the standard and the regional norm. In our analysis, we will focus on the set of mid vowels as a window to understand which variety of Italian BI most closely resembles. Through a corpus-based analysis, we will investigate the phonological distribution of mid vowels (for both Italian and Tyrolean speakers), in order to explore whether it can be explained on the basis of a contextual or a lexical distribution.
Geniposide protected against cerebral ischemic injury through the anti-inflammatory effect via the NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Qian , Zhang Xiangjian , Fan Jingyi , Zhang Lan , Ji Hui , Xue Jing , Zhang Cong , Chen Rong , Zhao Jing , Chen Junmin , Liu Xiaoxia , Song Degang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Context
Accumulated evidence indicates that geniposide exhibits neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke. However, the potential targets of geniposide remain unclear.

Objective
We explore the potential targets of geniposide in ischemic stroke.

Materials and methods
Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Mice were randomly divided into five groups: Sham, MCAO, and geniposide-treated (i.p. twice daily for 3 days before MCAO) at doses of 25, 75, or 150 mg/kg. We first examined the neuroprotective effects of geniposide. Then, we further explored via biological information analysis and verified the underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro.

Results:
In the current study, geniposide had no toxicity at concentrations of up to 150 mg/kg. Compared with the MCAO group, the 150 mg/kg group of geniposide significantly (P < 0.05) improved neurological deficits, brain edema (79.00 ± 0.57% vs 82.28 ± 0.53%), and infarct volume (45.10 ± 0.24% vs 54.73 ± 2.87%) at 24 h after MCAO. Biological information analysis showed that the protective effect was closely related to the inflammatory response. Geniposide suppressed interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the brain homogenate, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Geniposide upregulated A20 and downregulated TNF receptor-associated factor-6 and nuclear factor kappa-B phosphorylation in the MCAO model and lipopolysaccharide-treated BV2 cells at 100 μM.

Conclusions
Geniposide exhibited a neuroprotective effect via attenuating inflammatory response, as indicated by biological information analysis, in vivo and in vitro experiments, which may provide a potential direction for the application of geniposide in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
The GCN2/eIF2αK stress kinase regulates PP1 to ensure mitotic fidelity
Authors: Stonyte Vilte , Mastrangelopoulou Maria , Timmer Romy , Lindbergsengen Lilian , Vietri Marina , Campsteijn Coen , Grallert Beáta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGCN2/eIF2αK4 is exclusively seen as an eIF2α kinase, which regulates reprogramming of protein translation in response to stress. Here, we show that GCN2 has an unexpected role in unstressed cells as a regulator of mitosis. This function is not through its canonical role in translation reprogramming, but through the regulation of two previously unidentified substrates, PP1α and γ. In the absence of GCN2 function, timing and levels of phosphorylation of key mitotic players are altered, leading to aberrant chromosome alignment, missegregating chromosomes, elevated number of tripolar spindles, and a delay in progression through mitosis. Pharmacological inhibition of GCN2 results in similar effects and is synergistic with Aurora A inhibition in causing more severe mitotic errors and cell death. We suggest that GCN2‐dependent phosphorylation of PP1α and γ restrains their activity and this is important to ensure the timely regulation of phosphorylation of several PP1 substrates during early mitosis. These findings highlight a druggable PP1 inhibitor and open new avenues of research on the therapeutic potential of GCN2 inhibitors.
Efectos socio jurídicos de la pensión de vejez en personas transgénero en Colombia, periodo 2015-2020
Authors: Ardila Báez Anayibe , Tarazona Martínez Daniela 
Published: June 2023

La investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las consecuencias sociales y jurídicas que se generan por el cambio de sexo de quienes aspiran a acceder a la pensión de vejez. Para ello, se revisó la normativa nacional y algunas normas internacionales a fin de formular alternativas que ayuden a facilitar el otorgamiento de la pensión de vejez a las personas transgénero en Colombia. De esta manera, buscamos aportar un análisis del derecho pensional y plantear una posición jurídica basada en el ordenamiento jurídico, derecho comparado y convenciones internacionales ratificadas por Colombia. De acuerdo con lo anterior, se espera que el conocimiento de los efectos socio-jurídicos de la pensión de vejez en personas transgénero, contribuya con recomendaciones que garanticen realmente la pensión de vejez a esta población. Así pues, al momento de solicitar el reconocimiento de este derecho, una persona trans debería ser tratada bajo su identidad de género y no bajo aquella que le fue asignada socialmente. Para lograr los objetivos planteados, se implementó un enfoque cualitativo en el cual se analizaron las fuentes secundarias, tomando legislaciones nacionales e internacionales para comprender la situación que viven las personas transgénero al solicitar la pensión de vejez. En los resultados, al revisar la normativa colombiana se evidenció que carece de un enfoque de género. En cuanto a la jurisprudencia, se encontró un caso reciente que agrupaba el tema de interés, como lo es la pensión de vejez y una persona transgénero en Colombia, como es el caso de la accionante Helena Herrán Vargas a quien inicialmente se le vulneró el derecho pensional, pese a que finalmente por vía judicial se le reconoció en la Sentencia del 10 de septiembre de 2020 del Tribunal Superior de Bogotá, la cual fue revisada por la Corte Constitucional en Sentencia SU-440 de 2021. Por otra parte, cuando se compararon aspectos normativos y sociales en Argentina, Reino Unido y Colombia, se encontró que Colombia tiene los requisitos menos restrictivos para el cambio del componente sexo. Finalmente, una vez realizada la fórmula de liquidación de la mesada pensional se plantean recomendaciones para proteger los derechos y la dignidad humana, donde se sugiere emplear el control constitucional en el artículo 33 de la Ley 100 de 1993 y dos figuras jurídicas: la revisión periódica y la revocatoria de la pensión.
Uso y efectividad de "picos mineros" de asta
Authors: Teno Cabanillas David , Delgado Mayoral Marcos 
Published: June 2023

Con el presente trabajo se pretende una aproximación a la cuestión de la presencia y uso de picos mineros de asta de ciervo en yacimientos prehistóricos relacionados con la minería. Para ello se ha realizado una experimentación en una zona de rocas calizas situada en el Término Municipal de Brihuega, enclavada en la zona de la Alcarria, de la Provincia de Guadalajara.En esta zona encontramos una formación rocosa coronada por calizas pontienses de los páramos, donde son comunes las formas kársticas. Se trata de una superficie inclinada ligeramente al Sur-Suroeste, que orienta la red fluvial. Para dicho propósito nos basaremos en una serie de variables medibles: tiempo de trabajo, material extraído y desgaste del pico. Con este planteamiento trataremos de acercarnos a la cuestión de la mayor o menor efectividad, rentabilidad y posibles modos de uso de los supuestos picos de asta de ciervo.
La arqueología experimental, elemento clave en la reconstrucción de piezas de artillería grecorromana. Propuesta de reconstrucción de la catapulta tipo “Scorpio” de Camnirreal (Teruel)
Authors: Sáez Abad Rubén 
Published: June 2023

La forma más habitual a través de la que los investigadores se acercan al conocimiento del pasado es con el estudio de las fuentes históricas (textos, representaciones artísticas y restos arqueológicos). Pero, para el acercamiento a algunos aspectos de la Antigüedad como la artillería grecorromana, la información que proporcionan resulta insuficiente. Las fuentes documentales clásicas que abordan el tema (Filon de Bizancio, Biton, Heron, Vitrubio, Apolodoro de Damasco y Amiano Marcelino entre otros), a pesar de su notable interés, no proporcionan la suficiente información para la restitución integral de las máquinas. Y ello se debe fundamentalmente a que estas obras, que tan sólo suponen unas pocas páginas, han llegado hasta nosotros en forma de manuscritos parciales y engañosos. Se trata, por tanto, de una información muy exigua para un periodo que abarca casi diez siglos de constantes innovaciones tecnológicas.
Aproximación al estudio del añadido de aditivos en las hogueras prehistóricas
Authors: Moreno Falcón Mónica 
Published: June 2023

FICHA-RESUMENHipótesis: El añadido de aditivos a las hogueras a base de madera modifica su poder calorífico. La variación en el tipo de aditivo utilizado diversifica la temperatura alcanzada y la duración de la hoguera.Experimentación: Elaboración simultanea de cuatro hogueras. Mantenimiento de una hoguera tipo sin aditivos y añadido de tres tipos diferentes de aditivos a las hogueras restantes. Control del poder calorífico y duración de las diferentes hogueras.Factores a controlar: Externos: temperatura, humedad, presión y viento. Internos: tipo de madera y procedencia, humedad de la madera, tamaño y peso del leño.Materiales empleados: Madera de pino piñonero (pinus pinea), aditivos: estiércol y grasa animal en diversas proporciones, activadores del fuego: hojas secas, pequeñas ramas, piñas y líquido de encendido.Metodología: Realización de cuatro hogueras simultáneamente para controlar las variables climáticas, medición de la temperatura por medio de un pirómetro cada 5 minutos y añadido de diferentes aditivos.Resultados: Hogueras que duraron activas en torno a las dos horas y que alcanzaron una temperatura media de 700- 800 ºC, variaron sus máximas y su longevidad según los aditivos añadidos (para más detalles ver el apartado de conclusiones).
Una aproximación al estudio de las marcas de pisoteo (trampling) sobre restos faunísticos
Authors: Daza Perea Arantxa 
Published: June 2023

El motivo que nos ha llevado a la elección del “Tampling” para la experimentación es nuestro interés por los estudios sobre tafonomía, especialmente sobre restos faunísticos. Esta ciencia, que se dedica al estudio de cualquier resto orgánico desde su muerte hasta la recuperación por parte del arqueólogo, permite obtener valiosa información sobre la acción de los homínidos, diferenciándola de la de los carnívoros.
Procesos de alteración de materiales arqueológicos en distintos tipos de suelos arenosos
Authors: Pastor Pérez Ana 
Published: June 2023

En este trabajo hemos intentado acercarnos al campo de la conservación de algunos materiales que suelen aparecer en excavaciones arqueológicas, en relación a los distintos tipos de suelos (arenosos) en los que hayan sido enterrados. Si bien este experimento tan sólo tuvo un mes de duración, es muy difícil poder extrapolar datos fiables de cara a la alteración y conservación de estos objetos, por lo que nos limitaremos a exponer la metodología seguida, los experimentos de laboratorio realizados, y los resultados parciales que hemos obtenido; animando al lector a participar en experimentos similares, que pueden llegar a ser muy interesantes si se contase con losmedios adecuados.
Las puntas musetrienses posibles usos y eficacia. Estudio Experimental
Authors: Gandul García Rebeca 
Published: June 2023

Este artículo es el resultado de una experiencia llevada a cabo en Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.Toda experiencia tiene que surgir a partir de un problema específico. En este caso queríamos valorar hasta que punto las puntas musterienses formaban parte de un arma compuesta, es decir, si enmangada en un vástago de madera era eficaz para la caza o fueron simplemente usadas como herramientas de mano, a modo de cuchillos polifuncionales. Junto a esta nos formulamos otra: realmente, en el caso de que sean efectivas para la caza, funcionan como armas arrojadizas (es decir, como proyectiles para ser lanzados, jabalinas) o realmente como armas para pinchar, a modo de picas que aprovechan la energía del animal cazado. Éstas preguntas son las que tendríamos que resolver con la experiencia. Antes de pasar al desarrollo de la experimentación, me gustaría hacer una breve introducciónsobre la vida en el Paleolítico Medio.
La funcionalidad de las alabardas atendiendo a su morfología: experiencia y propuesta de investigación
Authors: Blesa Cuenca José Luis 
Published: June 2023

Partiendo de la elaboración de dos réplicas de una alabarda argárica en las cuales se ha modificado su sección, en este trabajo se tratará de encontrar potenciales especializaciones en su funcionalidad mediante un análisis comparativo de la cinemática de ambas piezas, lo que conduce a considerar algunas posibilidades en el uso de dichas alabardas que delimitan a su vez posibles nuevas líneas de investigación.Palabras clave: Alabarda, Edad del Bronce, cultura de El Argar, morfología, funcionalidad, cinemática, arqueología experimental.
Clinical and immunological analysis of the effectiveness of local application of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> in experimental colitis
Authors: Boyko M. S. , Osikov M. V. , Fedosov A. A. , Grekova I. V. 
Published: June 2023

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases has not been fully studied, and the therapies used have side effects that limit their use.The purpose of this study is to conduct a clinical and immunological analysis of the effectiveness of vitamin D3 in the original rectal suppositories in experimental colitis (EC).EC was modeled with oxazolone. Original suppositories with vitamin D3 in group 3 and 5-ASA in group 4 were used per rectum. The clinic was evaluated on the Disease activity index scale. The expression of MPO and TNFa, the content of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, histiocytes, plasmocytes, fibroblasts, ulcerative defect, tissue damage index were determined in the focus of colon injury. The study was carried out on days 2, 4 and 6.With EC, DAI increases for the entire day, MPO and TNFa increase in the lesion, ulcerative defect isfixed, neutrophil-lymphocytic infiltration increases, and TDI increases. When comparing the morphometric parameters of the alteration zone in EC under the conditions of vitamin D3 use, in contrast to the use of 5-ASA, a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, an increase in fibroblasts was revealed on day 2, a decrease in the number of plasmocytes and an increase in fibroblasts on day 4, an increase in the number of histiocytes and fibroblasts on day 6. The diameter of the ulcerative defect and the TDI index have no significant differences between the compared groups. When comparing the effectiveness of vitamin D3, in contrast to the use of 5-ASA, the MPO content is higher on day 6; the TNFa content is higher on day 4.In EC, the effects of using rectal suppositories with vitamin D3 on clinical signs, the size of the ulcerative defect, the content of MPO and TNFa in the lesion are comparable to the effects of using rectal suppositories with 50 mg of 5-ASA; more pronounced with respect to the dynamics of the cellular composition of the lesion of the colon.
Immunomodulatory and neurotropic activities of synthetic peptides in a model of brain injury in rats
Authors: Serebryanaya N. B. , Shanin S. N. , Filatenkova T. A. , Fomicheva E. E. , Komlev A. S. , Shamova O. V. 
Published: June 2023

Treatment of consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the current problems of medicine. To increase the effectiveness of treatment of post-traumatic complications, various drugs are recommended, including the peptide with neuromodulatory activity Semax.The present study aims to determine the presence of neuro- and immunoprotective properties of the synthetic peptide PR5, composed of fragments of proline-rich antimicrobial peptides.The work was performed on male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g. The “falling weight” model of mechanical brain injury was used, which mainly causes diffuse brain damage. The synthesized peptide PR5, composed of fragments of known proline-rich peptides of animal neutrophils, and the peptide preparation Semax in the form of a 1% aqueous solution were used. The drugs were administered intranasally 1 hour after TBI, then twice a day for 4 days at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Control animals received physiological saline in the same regimen as the peptide preparations.TBI led to a significant decrease in body weight, but in rats receiving the peptide preparation Semax, the decrease in body weight was significantly less than in control animals, and the PR5 preparation completely prevented the decrease in body weight after TBI. After TBI, the proliferative activity of lymphocytes was suppressed and the cytotoxicity of NK cells decreased. In animals treated with peptide preparations, there was no significant suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity, and the proliferative activity of lymphocytes was restored to the level of control animals by day 14 after TBI. Both peptide preparations used contributed to higher locomotor activity, and in animals treated with the PR5 peptide, this type of activity reached the parameters of control animals. The reduction in freezing duration in groups treated with peptide preparations indicates the presence of a sedative effect.The peptide preparation PR5 was active in this series of experiments, showing immunotropic and neuroprotective activity comparable to the Semax preparation. Further studies aimed at confirming the identified types of activity of the peptide preparation PR5 may justify its prospects for clinical use as a new nootropic agent.
RESULTS OF COMPLEX RESEARCH OF SOIL BASES REINFORCED BY SOIL-CEMENT ELEMENTS MANUFACTURED USING DRILLING MIXING METHOD
Authors: RAZDUI R. V. , VYNNYKOV YU. L. 
Published: June 2023

Object. To find out the nature of stress-strain state of strip foundations reinforced by drilling mixing technology by means of experimental studies in a tray and in field conditions, for the reliability of the obtained results, comparing field studies with finite element method (FEM) modeling. Method. Tray tests were carried out in a metal tray with a steel stamp. Unreinforced clay soil bases and bases reinforced by soil-cement were tested with varying values of the reinforcement coefficient from 2,1 % to 7,1 % with a reinforcement depth of 100 mm and a diameter of 5 mm. Observations of settlements of the natural object were carried out by the method of geometric leveling using deformation marks arranged evenly around the perimeter of the building. The site on which a ten-story residential building was built was chosen due to difficult engineering and geological conditions. The zero cycle of observations was carried out, cycles after the construction of each floor of the building, its acceptance for operation, occupancy of the building and every subsequent 2-3 years. Results. The load-bearing capacity of the foundations with the increase in the percentage of soil reinforcement increases with the given parameters in an approximately linear dependence. The given results demonstrate a high correspondence between the experimental and simulated dependences of settlements on pressure. In the stage of plastic deformation, the use of the Hardening Soil model (HSM) more adequately describes the behavior of the soil, while the Mohr-Coulomb model (MCM) slightly overestimates the settlement. The distribution of settlements of the investigated object on strip foundations corresponds to the actual one recorded during long-term geodetic observations. The measured settlement of the foundations of the sections and those obtained by modeling have a satisfactory convergence. Scientific novelty. The correspondence of laboratory and field data and the results of modeling of soil-cement bases of strip foundations was checked. The practical significance. The models of soil behavior and the methods of specifying of soil-cement elements (SCE) for FEM modeling of reinforced soil bases of strip foundations have been tested.
Perioperative acute kidney injury in surgical treatment of renal cancer: pathogenesis, therapy of early and late complications
Authors: Popov S. V. , Guseynov R. G. , Pomeshkin Ye. V. , Sivak K. V. , Perepelitsa V. V. , Nadein K.  A. , Bunenkov N. S. , Ulitina A. S. 
Published: June 2023

The development of acute renal injury is due to a number of factors both on the part of the patient (age, concomitant pathology, objective status) and the oncological process (stage of the disease, localization, volume of surgical intervention, access, etc.). Acute renal injury in patients with kidney cancer after surgical treatment may be accompanied by the development of early (hyperhydration, electrolyte balance disorders, hyperkalemia, acid‑base condition disorders, uremic intoxication) and late chronic kidney disease complications. The incidence of these complications increases with an increase in the volume of kidney resection, as a result of which it is important to take into account risk factors, timely diagnosis of the degree of kidney damage and medical measures aimed at restoring kidney function. Currently, the possibility of using various molecules as early markers of kidney damage, which help not only assess the presence of kidney damage, but also localize it, is being studied. For example, albumin, serum cystatin C, alpha 1‑microglobulin, P2‑microglobulin – markers of glomerular damage, NGAL, KIM‑1; L‑FABP, urine cystatin‑C, IL‑18 – reflect damage to the proximal tubule, GST, NGAL – distal tubule, calibindin D28 ‑ characterizes damage to the collecting duct, osteopontin, NHE‑3 – are associated with damage to the loop of Henle. Measures of a curative and preventive nature (infusion therapy, anti‑ischemic protection, modulation of ferroptosis, renal replacement therapy), as well as dynamic monitoring of the main biomarkers of renal damage are aimed at preventing the persistence of the pathological process with a possible outcome into chronic kidney disease, which is especially undesirable in patients with single kidney cancer. The main directions of medical and preventive measures in patients with acute kidney injury should be considered: 1) the fastest possible elimination or minimization of the effect of tumor tissue; 2) control and correction of life‑threatening complications of renal dysfunction (hyperhydration, electrolyte balance disorders (hyperkalemia), acid‑base state, uremic intoxication). Methods of anti‑ischemic protection include a number of surgical techniques aimed at 1) minimizing ischemia time, 2) reducing the intensity of volatile metabolic processes in the kidney, 3) training renal parenchyma for hypoxic conditions (receiving ischemic preconditioning).Duration of renal ischemia represents an important modifiable factor affecting early and distant renal function in surgically exposed patients. The article analyzes modern scientific data on the problem of postoperative acute kidney injury in renal cancer surgery.