bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchic change system dynamics supply chain model: impact of demand information sharing on holding cost and downstream project completion
Authors: Fudhla Ahmad Fatih , Wirjodirdjo Budisantoso 
Published: March 2023

The interrelationships between system components are critical to improving the performance of a complex supply chain system. Thus, any improvement or development can be carried out systemically and comprehensively. The complexity of coordination grows as the number of echelons in a supply chain increases. In practice, coordination becomes more difficult to implement in a supply chain with more echelons. Through demand information sharing, this research attempts to figure out how coordination can have implications for complex multi-echelon supply chains with a modeling approach. The Aggregate Andesite Stone Supply Chain is used as an empirical model with four echelons. Changes in dimensions and values per ton of product in each echelon displacement add complexity. Total holding cost is not the only consideration. The timely completion of projects downstream is also a priority. So the system's behavior that runs and changes over time also needs to be observed. To accommodate this complexity, a system dynamics modeling approach is used. This modeling technique could capture fluctuations in volatile conditions that change in time sequences. The pattern of model behavior shows that demand information sharing in the andesite aggregate supply chain is faint, and the "bullwhip effect" occurs. The demand information sharing can eliminate this effect, reduce up to 73.5 % of total supply chain holding costs, and increase the percentage of project completion on time downstream of the supply chain. These results provide a scientific and practical understanding that although there are many obstacles, demand information sharing can significantly improve performance in multi-echelon complex supply chains and be worthwhile applied
Development of technology for obtaining fat compositions with increased oxidative stability
Authors: Saveliev Dmytro , Hryhorenko Oleksandr , Mykhailova Evgeniia , Kravtsov Mikhail , Kostyrkin Oleg , Nikitin Anatolii , Romaniuk Valentyn , Smolkov Oleksandr , Meshcheriakov Ivan , Bahlai Volodymyr 
Published: March 2023

The object of research is the process of fat oxidation at elevated and standard temperatures.
Fats are used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries. Oxidative deterioration changes the composition of fats, reduces the efficiency of chemical reactions involving fats and the quality of final products. An urgent task is to increase the oxidative stability of fats.
The oxidative stability of fat compositions based on rapeseed, high-oleic sunflower and palm oils by the induction period at a temperature of 110 °C was investigated. The induction periods of the initial oils were 408.48 min., 795.87 min. and 630.2 min., respectively. Rational ratios of oils in the compositions were found: high-oleic sunflower: palm (50:50) %; rapeseed: high-oleic sunflower: palm (16.67:66.67:16.67) %; rapeseed: high-oleic sunflower: palm (33.33:33.33:33.33) %. The induction periods of the mixtures are 650.57 min., 710.56 min. and 670.56 min., respectively.
The increase in the oxidative stability of the developed compositions using the mixture of synthetic antioxidants (butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluene and tert-butylhydroquinone) in an amount of 300 mg/kg of fat mixture was studied. The induction periods of the developed compositions were 910.80 min., 1279.01 min. and 1072.90 min., respectively.
The physicochemical parameters of compositions with the addition of antioxidants after 5 months of storage at a temperature of (20±2) °C were determined. The peroxide values of the compositions were 5.65; 3.28; 4.50 ½ O mmol/kg, respectively.
The research results make it possible to produce fats with increased oxidative stability and necessary properties, to predict induction periods of fat compositions depending on the concentrations of components. This will increase the profitability of production and the quality of fats obtained
Investigation of the mechanism of nickel hydroxide formation from nickel nitrate
Authors: Kovalenko Vadym , Kotok Valerii , Girenko Dmitriy , Nikolenko Mykola , Andreiev Dmytro , Verbitskiy Volodymyr , Medianyk Volodymyr , Morozova Svetlana , Nafeev Rovil 
Published: March 2023

Nickel hydroxides are widely used as electrochemically active substances in alkaline batteries and hybrid supercapacitors; they can be used for electrocatalysis, in electrochemical sensors, and as pigments. Knowledge of the formation mechanism of nickel hydroxides is necessary for developing and optimizing targeted synthesis methods. The thermal effects of processes in the formation of nickel hydroxide from nitrate were studied by the calorimetry method. The mechanism of precipitate formation was investigated by the method of simultaneous potentiometric (with a glass universal electrode) and conductometric titration. The nickel content in the samples obtained at the determined NaOH/Ni2+ ratios was investigated by the chemical method of trilonometry after preliminary dissolution.
Calorimetric investigations showed that the reaction of nickel nitrate with NaOH was exothermic with ΔНreaction=‒28328.5 J/mol. The exothermic nature of the NaOH dilution process was revealed with ΔНdilution =‒2454 J/mol.
According to the results of potentiometric titration, the formation of a basic salt of the NiOHNO3 type was not detected. Analysis of the results of conductometric titration revealed a two-stage chemical mechanism for the formation of nickel hydroxide from nitrate. At the first stage, which had a high rate, due to the liquid-phase reaction of the nickel cation with the hydroxyl anion, a primary precipitate of the composition Ni(OH)1.87(NO3)0.13 was formed. In the second stage, as a result of a slow topochemical reaction of the primary precipitate with hydroxyl anions, nitrate ions were displaced from the precipitate to form nickel hydroxide. These data are confirmed by the analysis of precipitate obtained at NaOH/Ni2+ ratios of 1.87 and 2.2: the Ni content was 52.95 % and 55.63 %, corresponding to the formulas Ni(OH)1.87(NO3)0.13∙0.68H2O and Ni(OH)2∙0.71H2O. This clearly indicated that the primary precipitate was nitrate-doped α-Ni(OH)2 and the final precipitate corresponded to the α-modification of nickel hydroxide
Advanced design of a small-scale mini gerotor pump in a high-temperature and high-viscosity fluid thermal system
Authors: Zariatin Dede Lia , Suwandi Agri 
Published: March 2023

In this research, the development of a small-scale heat transfer gerotor pump with an advanced arrangement for high-viscosity and high-temperature fluids is described comprehensively. The small-scale pump design aims to meet the needs of modular components for industry and research, especially for small-scale heat transfer applications such as residential heating systems. VDI 2221 approach was used to construct an advanced gerotor pump with an internal reservoir unit that can generate additional pressure and minimize the slip factor, thereby increasing its volumetric efficiency. The developed small-scale pump was designed in a smart arrangement, which required fewer components than a typical heat transfer pump. This helps to reduce the maintenance of the pump and its components. Experimental tests were performed using a testing apparatus equipped with a heater, a control system using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) adjustment, valves, pressure, and temperature gauges. The instruments in the apparatus test were used to control the flow rate and pump speed and monitor the temperature of the working fluid. The results of the experiment show that the advanced gerotor pump was able to deliver fluid with a viscosity of 307 ml/min and a temperature of up to 230 °C. The components arrangement minimizes the slip factor, which is mostly the main challenge of positive displacement pumps. The maximum slip coefficient of the advanced gerotor pump design is 0.095. The volumetric efficiency was in the range of 0.803–0.905 when the pump operated at 2,100 RPM and 230 °C. The experiment and analysis results show that the pump can be implemented for the actual application of the thermal system, for research and industry
Implementing the method of figurative transformations to minimize partially defined Boolean functions
Authors: Solomko Mykhailo , Antoniuk Mykola , Voitovych Ihor , Ulianovska Yuliia , Pavlova Nataliia , Biletskyi Viacheslav 
Published: March 2023

This paper reports a research that established the possibility of increasing the effectiveness of the method of figurative transformations to minimize partially defined Boolean functions. The method makes it possible, without loss of functionality, to reduce the complexity of the minimization procedure, compared to sorting out binary definitions of partially defined Boolean functions. The interpretation of the result is that the 2-(n, b)-design, 2-(n, x/b)-design systems are a reflection of logical operations. Therefore, the identification of such combinatorial systems in the truth table of logical functions directly and unambiguously establishes the location of logical operations for equivalent transformations of Boolean expressions. This, in turn, implicates an algorithm for simplifying Boolean functions, including partially defined Boolean functions. Thus, the method of figurative transformations simplifies and speeds up the procedure for minimizing partially defined Boolean functions, compared to analogs. This indicates that the visual-matrix form of the analytical method still has the prospect of increasing its hardware capabilities, including in terms of minimizing partially defined Boolean functions.
It has been experimentally confirmed that the method of figurative transformations increases the efficiency of minimizing partially defined Boolean functions, compared with analogs, by 100–200 %.
There is reason to argue about the possibility of increasing the efficiency of minimizing partially defined Boolean functions in the main and polynomial bases by the specified method. The effectiveness of the method, in particular, is ensured by carrying out all operations of generalized gluing of variables for dead-end disjunctive normal forms (DNF), followed by the use of implicant tables; optimal combination of a sequence of logical operations for gluing variables
Using the gold bullion slag from Indonesia as lithium resources with HCL leaching method
Authors: Natasha Nadia , Rabbani Ghina , Sofyan Nofrijon , Soedarsono Johny , Prasetyo Agus , Maksum Ahmad , Riastuti Rini , Nuriskasari Isnanda 
Published: March 2023

Primary resources are typically used in lithium extraction. Unfortunately, it impacts the dependency on the availability of primary resources to fulfill the lithium demand. Therefore, the use of secondary resources can be an alternative to using lithium resources. Gold bullion slag is an example of a potential secondary resource used as a lithium source because it contains 0.009 % lithium. This research aims at increasing lithium recovery from the gold bullion slag by studying the effects of various variables to enhance lithium recovery. Lithium extraction was carried out via HCl leaching process with concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M at 25, 40, 55, and 70 °C for 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to examine lithium level, whereas scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to look over the morphology. The significance of the recovery value was analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum variables to reach 98 % as the highest lithium recovery percentage are 1 M HCl at 55 °C for 60 minutes. ANOVA results on the acid concentration significance of the recovery value show that the p-value (0.001) is smaller than the alpha value (0.005). While, ANOVA results on the temperature and time significance of the recovery value show that the p-value (0.894) is greater than the alpha value (0.005) and p-value (0.9986) is greater than the alpha value (0.005), respectively. Analysis showed that variation in HCl concentration affected the lithium recovery value; however, temperature and time of leaching had an insignificant effect on lithium recovery. These data show that slag can be used as alternative resources to produce the lithium
Condensation heat removal due to the combined impact of natural convection and radiative cooling
Authors: Tsoy Alexandr , Granovskiy Alexandr , Nurakhmetov Baurzhan , Koretskiy Dmitriy , Tsoy-Davis Diana , Veselskiy Nikita 
Published: March 2023

The work examines the heat exchange characteristics of a condenser in which heat removal of the refrigerant condensation occurs due to natural convection and radiation cooling. The heat exchanger is designed to reduce energy costs for the removal of condensation heat. Unlike traditional air cooling condensers, it uses radiation cooling, a method of heat removal based on its transmission in the form of infrared radiation through the planet’s atmosphere into the surrounding outer space. A method for calculating the thickness of the radiating plate has been developed. To minimize material consumption and cost, the distance between the tubes is reduced to 40 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum radiating plate is reduced to 0.32 mm. The inner diameter of the coolant channels is 1 mm.
For the experimental study of the condenser, an experimental stand working on R134a refrigerant was developed. Theoretical and experimental studies of heat transfer have been carried out. The heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger, reduced to the area of the radiating surface, was from 10.3±1.36 to 18.7±2.47 W·m–2·°C–1, when the condensation temperature was 12.8...21.9 °С higher than the temperature of atmospheric air. The operability of the condenser is shown both during the day and at night, in the presence of precipitation in the form of rain and snow, and a high level of cloudiness.
The material capacity and filling of the refrigerant in the condenser are comparable to the characteristics of air-cooled condensers with forced air circulation. At the same time, it does not consume electricity. It can be used in stationary refrigeration systems (in data processing centers, commercial refrigeration equipment, air conditioners) to increase their energy efficiency
Implementation peat soil adsorbent & variation of filter for reduce emission improvement from motor vehicle
Authors: Ghofur Abdul , Syamsuri Syamsuri , Mursadin Aqli , Nugroho Agung , Legowo Agung Cahyo 
Published: March 2023

The use of fossil fuels in transportation equipment, especially motorized vehicles, will have an extraordinary effect on air pollution. Therefore, air pollution becomes very important problem today. The amount of percentage of air pollution from transportation sources in Indonesia is 70.5 % CO, 18.34 % HC, 8.89 % NOx, 0.88 % SOx, and 1.33 % particulate matter. Given the danger of exhaust emissions, especially carbon monoxide which can cause death for humans who inhale it, therefore efforts are needed to control air pollution from motorized vehicles. There are several methods that can be used, one of which is to use adsorbents. Activated carbon can be used as an adsorbent. One alternative that can be applied as an adsorbent is peat soil-activated carbon which is abundant and easy to make as an adsorbent. By utilizing the abundant peat-soil which is a great potential area of Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan.
In this experimental study; model l has a diameter of 20 mm, model 2 has an outside diameter of 20 mm and an inside diameter of 10 mm, and model 3 is without adsorbent. The length of this model is the same. Testing with a 2005 Honda Kharisma motor vehicle with an engine speed of 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm. CO and HC emission tests using a gas analyzer were carried out. Testing was also carried out using a dyno test to determine the engine performance of a motorcycle that was installed with an adsorbent on the exhaust gas. The results showed that peat soil adsorbents with perforated circle designs can reduce CO gas emissions by 55 % compared to the others. Besides that, the use of peat soil adsorbents with hollow circle designs can also reduce HC gas emissions by 3.51 %. The results of the engine performance test showed that there was no significant effect of using this adsorbent on torque and power.
In conclusion, peat soil adsorbents used to reduce exhaust emissions in motorized vehicles can be applied
Development of Bi-hexagonal hybrid crash box subjected to axial loading for enhancement of crashworthiness
Authors: Choiron Moch Agus , Wakhidah Delia Hani , Nurchajat Nurchajat 
Published: March 2023

Crash box design had been developed to increase crashwortiness performance. The crash box cross section is one important parameter to increase the energy absorption as crashwortiness performance. In the previous study, hexagonal cross section provide the higher energy absorption than other cross section. One of strategy to increase cross section is using two cross section put together in one component of crash box design. Bi-tubular crash box shows higher energy absorption with easy manufacture opportunity. In other study, hybrid crash box is investigated to reduce crash box mass. In this study, development of bi-hexagonal hybrid crash box subjected to axial loading to enhance crashworthiness were investigated. Analysis of crash box design is developed by using computer simulation with ANSYS Workbench 19.2. The crash box materials used are Aluminum Alloy and carbon-epoxy woven. The material modeling in the crash box is assumed as deformable body while the impactor is a rigid body. The axial loading is modelled by setting impactor impact the crash box with a speed of 7.67 m/s. Fixed support is set on the bottom of crash box. Nine of frontal test models were simulated for the bi-hexagonal hybrid crash box with different layups orientation angle and composite hexagonal tube diameter. Energy absorption and deformation patterns were observed. The results indicated that the highest energy absorption and specific energy absorption is occured on the A60 model with layups orientation angle of [0/60/0/60] and composite hexagonal tube diameter of 41 mm are 3693.8 J and 19.121 kJ/kg. The deformation pattern in the aluminum part is diamond mode, while in the composite part, the deformation pattern produce transverse shearing, lamina bending, brittle fracturing and local buckling mode
Forming an elliptical directional diagram of the sectoral horn antenna for flow irradiation of sugar beet seeds by electromagnetic field
Authors: Kosulina Natalia , Sorokin Maksym , Handola Yuri , Kosulin Stanislav , Korshunov Kostiantyn 
Published: March 2023

The object of research is the process that forms an elliptical directional diagram of the H-sector horn antenna for flow irradiation of seeds with the electromagnetic field.
The emitter of electromagnetic energy is presented as one of the main elements of installations for irradiating seeds with an electromagnetic field before sowing. This parameter was investigated by taking into account the values of the biotropic parameters of the low-energy electromagnetic field under the conditions of flow processing.
This paper reports a study into the parameters of the H-sector horn emitter for irradiation of sugar beet seeds with a low-energy electromagnetic field at a frequency of 73...75 GHz in continuous flow. Thus, one should use the H-sectoral horn emitter with the following parameters: aperture width aa=20 mm; horn length RH=35 mm; b=1.8 mm. It is determined that in order to irradiate sugar beet seeds on the conveyor plane with a power flow density of P=100 μW/cm2, it is necessary to place two horns 1200 mm above the conveyor at a distance of 2540 mm from each other. It was checked that the treatment of sugar beet seeds with electromagnetic radiation in a continuous flow with a capacity of 300 kg/h is possible with a power of up to 2 W supplied to two horn antennas; the speed of the conveyor is 15 cm/s.
The parameters of the sectoral horn for an elliptical directional diagram were studied by dividing the main task into internal and external.
According to the results of the research, it is possible to build a base of geometric presets for adjusting installations for different types of seeds, the desired performance, the structural features of installations, as well as existing emitters
Approach to the synthesis of an aperiodic robust automatic control system based on the gradient-speed method of Lyapunov vector functions
Authors: Beisenbi Мamyrbek , Kaliyeva Samal 
Published: March 2023

One of the actual problems for the theory and practice of control of dynamic objects is the development of methods for research and synthesis of control systems of multidimensional objects.
The paper proposes a universal approach to construct Lyapunov vector functions directly from the equation of state of control system and a new gradient-speed method of Lyapunov vector functions to study aperiodic robust stability of linear control system with m inputs and n outputs.
The study of aperiodic robust stability of automatic control systems is based on the construction of Lyapunov vector functions and gradient-speed dynamic control systems.
The basic statements of Lyapunov's theorem about asymptotic stability and notions of stability of dynamic systems are used. The representation of control systems as gradient systems and Lyapunov functions as potential functions of gradient systems from the catastrophe theory allow to construct the full-time derivative of Lyapunov vector functions always as a sign-negative function equal to the scalar product of the velocity vector on the gradient vector. The conditions of aperiodic robust stability are obtained as a system of inequalities on the uncertain parameters of the automatic control system, which are a condition for the existence of the Lyapunov vector-function.
A numerical example of synthesis of aperiodic robustness of a multidimensional control object is given. The example shows the main stages of the developed synthesis method, the study of the system stability at different values of the coefficients k, confirming the consistency of the proposed method. Transients in the system satisfy all requirements