bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergy between IgG and monoclonal IgM antibodies in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity.
Authors: Shen L , Lydyard P M , Roitt I M , Fanger M W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hybridoma-derived mouse monoclonal IgM anti-ox erythrocyte (ORBC) antibodies, which differed in their ability to exhibit complement-mediated cytotoxicity, direct agglutination and sensitization of indicator cells for detection of receptors for IgM on erythrocytes, failed to mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) by human K cells. Polyclonal rabbit IgM anti-ORBC antibodies were also incapable of mediating ADCC. However, one of the IgM monoclonal antibodies studied (clone 100) was highly efficient in synergizing with IgG in ADCC, especially when the E rosette-forming enriched fraction was used as a source of effector cells. This synergy was greater after overnight incubation of the lymphocytes and was partially blocked by human IgM. Since all the monoclonal antibodies studied bound efficiently to target ORBC as determined by the additional binding of 125I-labeled anti-k antibodies, the synergy did not appear to be due to a quantitative difference in the binding capacity of the antibodies. That the synergistic effect of purified clone 100 IgM was not due to heterophile IgG antibody was indicated by its sensitivity to reduction and lack of binding to a protein A column. The data are discussed in terms of the possible in vivo relevance of IgG-IgM synergy to immune protection, especially during the development of a primary antibody response when limiting amounts of specific IgG antibodies could be made more effective with the more abundant IgM antibodies.
Partial purification and chemical characterization of macrophage cytotoxicity factor (MCF, MAF) and its separation from migration inhibitory factor (MIF).
Authors: Kniep E M , Domzig W , Lohmann-Matthes M L , Kickhöfen B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Macrophage cytotoxicity factor (MCF) was purified in 3 consecutive steps including adsorption chromatography on Matrex Gel Red A, hydrophobic chromatography on phenylalanine-Sepharose, and isoelectric focusing. MCF was characterized as a protein with a m.w. of approximately 30,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 with 2 isoelectric points at 7.4 and 8.4 in the presence of urea. The unpurified supernatant was fairly stable provided that manipulations favoring adsorption to membrane materials used for dialysis or ultrafiltration were omitted. The partially purified preparation was highly unstable. Trypsin treatment did not affect MCF activity, whereas chymotrypsin destroyed it. Treatment with glycosidases and neuraminidase or cultivation of cells in the presence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose or tunicamycin did not impair the MCF activity. MCF was separated from migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by 2 methods: first, isoelectric focusing in the presence of urea, and second by gel filtration on Ultrogel. MCF could be separated from interferon by chromatography on poly(I)-Sepharose.
Differential effect of interferon on the expression of tumor-associated antigens and histocompatibility antigens on human melanoma cells: relationship to susceptibility to immune lysis mediated by monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: Imai K , Ng A K , Glassy M C , Ferrone S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Incubation of cultured human melanoma cells with human leukocyte interferon did not change the expression of melanoma-associated antigens (MAA) recognized by monoclonal antibodies and of Ia-like antigens but significantly increased the expression of HLA-A,B antigens and of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-mu). The effect is dependent on the dose of interferon and on the incubation time. Interferon-treated melanoma cells showed an increased susceptibility to lysis mediated by monoclonal antibodies to HLA-A,B antigens and to human beta 2-mu; on the other hand, interferon-treated melanoma cells did not change in their susceptibility to murine natural killer (NK) cell lysis and to immune lysis mediated by monoclonal antibodies to MAA and to Ia-like antigens, and they displayed a reduced susceptibility to human NK cell lysis. Therefore, the increased susceptibility of interferon-treated melanoma cells to lysis mediated by anti HLA-A,B and anti beta 2-mu monoclonal antibodies is likely to reflect the increase in cell surface expression of the corresponding antigens.
Fluid-phase SC5b-8 complex of human complement: generation and isolation from serum.
Authors: Bhakdi S , Roth M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A rapid, simple method for isolating SC5b-9 generated in human serum, and SC5b-8 generated in C9-depleted serum is described. The procedure leads to approximately 30% recovery of either complex and consists of polyethyleneglycol precipitation followed by 1 DEAE ion exchange chromatography and a sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The SC5b-8 complex is a water-soluble macromolecular of alpha-electrophoretic mobility. Apart from the absence of C9, it exhibits an identical SDS-gel electrophoresis polypeptide pattern as SC5b-9. A sedimentation coefficient of 19 to 20S and an effective molecular radius of approximately 10 nm were determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and gel filtration, respectively. From these values, a m.w. of 800 to 850,000 is tentatively assigned to the SC5b-8 complex. The S-protein was not dissociable from either SC5b-8 or SC5b-9 through treatment with desoxycholate and no alterations in the hydrodynamic properties of either complex were discernible after action of this detergent.
A novel lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1): cellular distribution, quantitative expression, and structure.
Authors: Kürzinger K , Reynolds T , Germain R N , Davignon D , Martz E , Springer T A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have previously described a monoclonal antibody (MAb), M7/14, which blocks a variety of T cell functions, including CTL-mediated killing, the mixed lymphocyte response, and antigen-specific proliferation. The antigen defined by M7/14 has been designated lymphocyte function-associated antigen one (LFA-1). In this report, LFA-1 has been studied as to cell distribution, surface abundance, structure, and in comparison to other CTL surface antigens, LFA-1 is expressed on lymphoid cells of both the T and the B lineages and on a large fraction of bone marrow cells, but not on exudate macrophages or nonlymphoid tissues. T cells express more LFA-1 than B cells, both in the unstimulated and stimulated states. Compared with unstimulated spleen cells, cytolytic T lymphocyte cell preparations (CTLP) and Con A blasts, but not LPS blasts, show increased LFA-1 expression relative to H-2, and for T cell-containing populations, Lyt-2. M7/14 MAb binds to about 1.5 X 10(4) and 7 X 10(4) LFA-1 sites per average spleen cell or CTLP cell, respectively. M7/14 Mab binds to cTLP in quantitites of 2.5-fold and ies 10.4-fold less than H-2 and Thy-1 Mab, respectively; since the latter have little or no effect on CTL function, inhibition of killing by M7/14 MAb is specific for the LFA-1 surface site. M7/14 MAb and a blocking Lyt-2 MAb are bound in similar quantities of CTLP. LFA-1 is a glycoprotein and consists of 2 noncovalently linked polypeptide chains of 180,000 and 95,000 Mr. The same molecular species as on CTL is present on other T cells and on B cells. The molecular structure and cell distribution of LFA-1 clearly distinguishes it from Lyt-2,3, Ly-5, T145, and T11, which were previously suggested to be either associated with the function of and/or present on the surface of CTL.
Linkage of total deficiency of the second component (C2) of the complement system and of genetic C2-polymorphism to the major histocompatibility complex of the guinea pig.
Authors: Bitter-Suermann D , Hoffmann T , Burger R , Hadding U 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the guinea pig six common phenotypes for hemolytically active C2 were detected. They resulted from three allotypic variants: a basic C2B and two more acidic variants C2A and C2A1. (The gene frequency for C2B in the outbred population was 0.36, 0.33 for C2A, and 0.31 for C2A1.) These variants were inherited as autosomal codominant traits. A strong linkage-disequilibrium between C2 and C4 allotypes was observed consisting of the pairs C2A1-C4F. C2A-C4S, whereas C2B was associated with either C4S or C4S1. To investigate the linkage of C2 to the MHC a family of strain 2 X strain OM3 was studied: the C2B allotype segregated with the strain haplotype of OM3 whereas C2A1 does the same with the strain 2 haplotype. During the C2-typing, an animal totally deficient in hemolytic C2 activity was discovered. Its C1, C4, C3, C5, factors B, D, and H were normal. Breeding yielded finally homozygous and heterozygous-deficient individuals. The latter ones exhibited 50 to 60% of the hemolytic activity of normal guinea pigs. Combined typing data of C4, C2 and GPLA showed that the deficient gene behaved like a rare, silent allele of C2, which is GPLA-linked and inherited like the normal C2-variants. An antiserum against C2 was raised in C2-deficient animals, which reacted with normal guinea pig serum but not with serum from C2-deficient animals. No cross-reactivity with human or mouse serum could be detected.
Alloreactive T cells from individual soft agar colonies specific for guinea pig Ia antigens. I. Production and initial characterization.
Authors: Malek T R , Clark R B , Shevach E M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Allo-reactive T cells reactive with Ia antigens from strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs were cloned by plating T cells from primary mixed leukocyte cultures in soft agar and expanding the resulting colonies in liquid culture. Optimal expansion of the cultures from an individual colony was achieved by repeated stimulation with allogeneic cells in conditioned media. Mapping studies using stimulator cells from inbred and outbred guinea pigs and blocking studies with alloantisera and xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to guinea pig Ia antigens indicated that these T cell colonies were specifically stimulated to proliferate by Ia molecules. In addition, these xenogeneic monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies had selective and differential inhibitory effects on the proliferative response of these alloreactive colonies. This result suggested that each T cell colony is specific for a distinct epitope expressed on Ia molecules. Furthermore, unlike heterogeneous cell populations in guinea pig primary and secondary mixed leukocyte cultures, most alloreactive T cell colonies expressed significant cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity that was also specific for Ia. Thus, the same cell proliferating to Ia is also a T killer cell. These T cell colonies will be useful for further analysis of the specificity and functional significance of the T cells responding in the mixed leukocyte reaction.
Alterations in T gamma cells in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Authors: Trent R , Adams E , Erhardt C , Basten A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The number and percentage of T cells bearing Fc gamma receptors (T gamma) was quantitated in peripheral blood of patients with the autoimmune disease chronic ITP. In over half the patients, low initial percentages were obtained, the great majority of which returned to within the normal range after incubation under capping conditions. The phenomenon could be reproduced by pretreating normal T cells with immune complex containing sera or aggregated HGG. Furthermore, a reversible reduction in T gamma cells was observed in control patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia and in pregnancy. In each case an association was observed between the reduced T gamma cell levels and the presence of circulating immune complexes, which suggested that the results could be explained by masking of Fc gamma receptors with preformed IgG-containing complexes. By contrast, patients with other autoimmune diseases such as scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis had high or normal numbers of T gamma cells, respectively. Taken together, the findings do not support the existence of a gross deficiency of suppressor cells in patients with autoimmune disease and emphasize the need for caution in selection of markers for identification of T cell subsets.
Purification and radiolabeling of human C1q.
Authors: Tenner A J , Lesavre P H , Cooper N R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new procedure for isolating human C1q from serum or plasma is described. The method, that is highly selective, rapid and involves minimal handling, yields fully active, immunoglobulin-free unaggregated C1q. Several different methods of radiolabeling C1q are compared. These include two methods selective for tyrosine residues, two that label lysine residues, and a method that labels sialic acid residues. The effect of each of the labeling procedures on C1q hemolytic activity was assessed. Also appraised for each method was the ability of the labeled molecules to bind to antibody sensitized cells and to interact with C1r and C1s to form C1. The distribution of each of the radiolabels among the three polypeptide chains of C1q and between the collagenous and globular regions of C1q was determined. Methods were identified that selectively labeled the globular portion of either the A or C polypeptide chain of the C1q molecule without loss of functional activity. Another of the methods labeled all three polypeptide chains relatively uniformly without significant loss of activity.
Specific haplotype preference in congenic F1 hybrid mice in the cytotoxic T cell response to the male specific antigen H-Y.
Authors: Müllbacher A , Sheena J H , Fierz W , Brenan M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Haplotype preference in the cytotoxic T cell response to H-Y in B10 congenic mice is only found in (B10 X B10.S)F1 hybrids. (B10 X B10.BR)F1 and (B10 X B10.D2)F1 do not generally show haplotype preference. H-2s is the preferred haplotype in H-Y immune (B10 X B10.S)F1 Tc cells. This haplotype preference is antigen specific since no preference was observed in the anti-influenza responses in (B10 X B10.S)F1 hybrids. Feedback inhibition as an explanation for haplotype preference could be excluded, but cross-reactivity of B10 H-Y immune Tc cells on B10.S targets suggests that natural tolerance may be responsible for haplotype preference.
The induction of tolerance and suppression in autoimmune MRL mice using hapten-modified self.
Authors: Santoro T J , Scott D W , Pisetsky D S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Disturbances in suppressor cell function have been considered important in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a conclusion supported by studies with New Zealand mice. To determine whether other SLE mice display similar immunoregulatory defects, we investigated the susceptibility of autoimmune MRL mice to unresponsiveness induced by hapten-modified self (HMS). The response of splenocytes from MRL-lpr/lpr mice (lpr) was compared with those of sex- and age-matched, congenic MRL-+/+ mice (+/+), and H-2-identical (H-2k) CBA/J mice. Spleen cells (NSC) were cultured in vitro with hapten-modified syngeneic splenocytes (TNP-SC) and tested for responsiveness to TNP-LPS (for tolerance) or their ability to suppress the response of fresh cells. There was no difference in the susceptibility of lpr splenocytes from 3- and 10-mo-old mice to the induction of tolerance or suppression when compared with those from age-matched +/+ or CBA mice. To evaluate any quantitative defects in the responsiveness of lpr splenocytes to HMS, we modified the conditions under which suppressor activity was generated. Varying the ratio of NSC to TNP-SC from 10:1 to 2000:1, or changing the concentration of TNBS for haptenation from 10 mM to 0.5 mM per 10(8) spleen cells revealed no differences in the dose-response curves of lpr splenocytes for both tolerance and suppression when compared with those of the CBA. These results indicate that clinically affected MRL mice have intact suppressor cell activity in response to antigen-modified self and suggest a possible therapeutic role of this modality in inducing tolerance to self-antigens.
Selective desensitization of neutrophils: further studies with 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine analogues.
Authors: O'Flaherty J T , Lees C J , Miller C H , McCall C E , Lewis J C , Love S H , Wykle R L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils aggregate and degranulate in response to 2 recently described platelet-activating phospholipids: 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-O-alkyl-2-O-ethyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Here, we find that the 2 phospholipids can also desensitize neutrophils. Thus, cells incubated with either phosphocholine for 1 to 5 min in the absence of calcium and magnesium (which are required for aggregation) did not aggregate when exposed to the bivalent cations and fresh lipid stimulus. Also, cells incubated with either lipid for 5 min in the absence of cytochalasin B (which is required for degranulation) did not degranulate when exposed to cytochalasin B and fresh lipid stimulus. However, these desensitized neutrophils aggregated and degranulated fully in response to the chemotactic oligopeptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine and C5a. In relation to the aggregation response, this selective desensitization was not due to lipid inactivation; it persisted after thorough cell washing; and it was not induced by a nonaggregating analogue, 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine. Furthermore, cells desensitized to the formylated oligopeptide or C5a (by preincubation with either stimulus in the absence of bivalent cations) did not aggregate when challenged with the oligopeptide or C5a, respectively, but exhibited a normal or enhanced aggregation response to the 2 active phospholipids. These data support the concept that C5a, formylated oligopeptides, and phosphocholines represent 3 distinct classes of stimulants that activate and densensitize neutrophils by at least partially independent pathways. This activation and desensitization may be mediated by 3 types of cellular receptors, each of which interacts with only 1 class of stimuli.
Serologic and biochemical analyses of a variant Ae (E beta) ia polypeptide chain in D2.gD (H-2g2).
Authors: Lafuse W P , Hendrickson H I , Corser P S , David C S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recombinant D2.Gd (KdAdBbJbEbCbSbDb) was derived from parental strains B6 (H-2b) and DBA/2 H-2d). Recent peptide studies and 2-D electrophoresis studies from other laboratories have shown that the Aed (E beta) chain of D2.GD is structurally different from the parental-derived chain. An antiserum (D2.GD X A. TFR5)F1 anti-DBA/2 was produced that detects an Ia specificity (Ia.50) in the I-E molecule formed by the parent Aed chain and lacking in the I-E molecule formed by the variant Aed. chain. The variant Ae chain could have derived either from a mutational event or an intracistronic cross-over.
Immune complexes in syphilis sera.
Authors: Wozniczko-Orlowska G , Milgrom F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Four hundred and forty-nine syphilis sera, positive in VDRL and FTA-ABS tests, were studied for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by means of anti-antibody (AA) neutralization test. Ninety-three (20.7%) sera had demonstrable CIC. Subsequently, dispersion of CIC by saline suspension of cardiolipin and by extract of rabbit testicular syphiloma was examined. Of 40 CIC-containing sera tested with cardiolipin, dispersion of CIC was noted in 16 instances; of 32 CIC-containing sera examined with syphiloma extract, dispersion was noted in 16 cases. Significantly, CIC that showed definite dispersion by cardiolipin were not dispersed by syphiloma extract and vice versa. Some studies were also performed on lepromatous leprosy and SLE. None of 27 cIC-containing lepromatous leprosy sera were affected by cardiolipin, but in 2 of 9 CIC-containing SLE sera, cardiolipin dispersed the complexes. Cardiolipin-anti-cardiolipin complexes that neutralized AA were frequently observed when cardiolipin was added to sera containing its corresponding antibodies but not CIC. Similar reactions were noted between the syphiloma extract and anti-treponemal antibodies.
LPS regulation of the immune response: suppression of immune responses to orally administered T-independent antigen.
Authors: Babb J L , Kiyono H , Michalek S M , McGhee J R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The regulation of immune responses to gastrically administered TI antigens has been investigated, and the characterization of a regulatory cell population has been performed. Intragastric administration of TNP-haptenated homologous erythrocytes (TNP-MRBC) induced splenic IgM anti-TNP PFC responses in LPS nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mice that were higher than those in LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mice and similar to those noted in athymic (nu/nu) C3H/HeN animals. The simultaneous intragastric administration of LPS with TNP-MRBC augmented immune responses in a manner similar to that previously reported for parenterally administered LPS and antigen. Further, LPS-induced augmentation of TNP-MRBC responses was greater in athymic mice. These findings were substantiated using in vitro spleen cultures. Intragastric challenge with a 2nd TI antigen, TNP-LPS, induced approximately 8-fold higher splenic anti-TNP PFC responses in athymic C3H/HeN mice compared with those in euthymic littermates. By admixture of B and T cell populations, it was demonstrated that the host responsiveness to TNP-LPS was negatively regulated by suppressor cells. Suppressive activity resided in a Thy 1.2-bearing, irradiation-resistant, nylon wool-nonadherent cell population. These cells could be demonstrated in spleen and Peyer's patches from young or old LPS-responsive C3H/HeN mice, but not in tissues from LPS nonresponsive C3H/HeJ mice. The specificity of the regulator cells was not limited to TNP-LPS responses, since immune responsiveness to another TI antigen, TNP-dextran, was also under the control of this cell population. These studies confirm the TI nature of TNP-MRBC and indicate that immune responses to gastrically administered antigens such as TNP-LPS, TNP-dextran, and possibly TNP-MRBC are negatively regulated by a suppressor T cell population. A role for endogenous LPS in the generation of regulator cells and the effect of these cells on host responses to gut-derived antigens is discussed.
Quantitative studies on concanavalin A-induced, TCGF-reactive T cells. I. Correlation between proliferation and lectin-dependent cytolytic activity.
Authors: Larsson E L , Lindahl K F , Langhorne J , Coutinho A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A limiting dilution assay was used to determine the frequencies of T cells that could be induced to proliferate and kill by Con A and TCGF. The frequency of proliferating cells was 1 in 5 nylon wool-purified spleen cells and 1 in 7 normal lymph node cells. The frequencies in the same cell populations of lectin-dependent killer cell precursors were 1 in 5 and 1 in 9, respectively. Even at limiting numbers of T cells seeded per culture, very few cultures proliferated without showing cytotoxic activity. Thus, under these conditions Con A and TCGF, preferentially if not exclusively, activate T cells that will kill in the presence of PHA. This experimental system can be used for estimating the repertoires of specific CTL-precursors activated by Con A and expanded in TCGF.