bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass migration, population genetics and historical population expansion in the Neotropical butterflyKricogonia lyside(Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Authors: Pfeiler Edward 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLittle is known of the migratory ecology and population genetics of the lyside sulphur butterfly Kricogonia lyside (Godart) (Pieridae: Coliadinae). Mass migrations involving huge numbers of these butterflies have long been known to occur in the southern USA, Mexico and Greater Antilles, but these reports have been based mainly on chance encounters. A review of the limited literature on migrations of K. lyside in North America is presented here, together with results from field observations of a recent mass migration in north-western Mexico. Overall, these data confirm that migrations of K. lyside are often unidirectional, but can change direction over relatively short time periods, and are most probably ‘triggered’ by substantial rainfall following a prolonged dry period. Several important questions on these enigmatic migrations, however, including, but not limited to, location of source populations, ultimate destinations, numbers of individuals involved and purpose, remain to be answered. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA barcodes revealed that genetic diversity of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is much higher in K. lyside than that seen in the long-distance migrating nymphalid butterflies, the monarch (Danaus plexippus) and painted lady (Vanessa cardui), and that a large historical population expansion occurred during the mid-Pleistocene.
B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) is a promising drug target in Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Fan Kaiji , Srinivas Nalini , Kubat Linda , Gravemeyer Jan , Sucker Antje , Schadendorf Dirk , Gambichler Thilo , Becker Jürgen C 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin tumor with neuroendocrine differentiation. Immunotherapies are very effective in the treatment of advanced stage MCC patients, but for patients whose tumor cannot be controlled by the immune system, alternative approaches are urgently needed.

Objective
To identify overexpressed oncogenes as potential drug targets for MCC.

Methods
NanoString platform, digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) and FISH assays were used to determine copy number variations (CNVs); BCL2L1 and PARP1 mRNA expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR, Bcl-xl and PARP1 protein by immunoblot. Specific Bcl-xL inhibitors and PARP1 inhibitor was used alone or in combination to test their antitumor effect.

Results
Screening for CNVs in 13 classic virus-positive and -negative MCC cell lines revealed BCL2L1 gains and amplifications, which were confirmed by ddPCR in 10 cell lines. By ddPCR and FISH we demonstrated that BCL2L1 gains are already present in tumor tissues. BCL2L1 copy number gains were associated with increased Bcl-xL mRNA and protein expression. However, high Bcl-xL expression was not restricted to MCC cells harboring a BCL2L1 gain/amplification, suggesting additional epigenetic means regulation. The functional relevance of Bcl-xL in MCC cells was demonstrated by the fact that specific Bcl-xL inhibitors (A1331852 and WEHI-539) led to the induction of apoptosis. Due to the strong expression and activation of PARP1 in MCC cell lines, we next tested the combination of Bcl-xL inhibitors with the PARP1 inhibitor olaparib, which indeed showed synergistic anti-tumour effects.

Conclusions
Bcl-xL, which is highly expressed in MCC, appears to be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of this tumor; especially since the effect of specific Bcl-xL inhibitors is synergistically enhanced by simultaneous PARP inhibition.
Purulent pericarditis caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in an immunocompetent adult after COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Cvetko Tea-Terezija , Ljubic Jelena , Ostricki Branko 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in many cardiac pathologies, manifesting mainly as acute. However, acute purulent pericarditis is exceedingly rare in the antibiotic era. Though, few studies have associated it with long-COVID, prompt recognition and treatment are crucial.

Case summary
A 61-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with a left lower limb pitting oedema 1 month after COVID-19 pneumonia. Following clinical, laboratory, and imaging work-up, the patient was found to have deep vein thrombosis of the anterior and posterior tibial and gastrocnemius veins. Owning to persistent sinus tachycardia, an additional work-up was performed, which revealed a large pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis drained the frank pus, and subsequently, empirical antibiotics therapy was initiated. Pericardial fluid cultures showed methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Following the antibiotic treatment with cloxacillin 6 × 2 g IV for 6 weeks, the patient fully recovered.

Discussion
Herein, we report a rare case of bacterial pericarditis caused by MSSA 1 month after COVID-19 pneumonia. Additionally, this condition may arise as a result of immunosuppressive treatment with glucocorticoids during and after COVID-19 pneumonia. However, the causal association has not yet been confirmed.
Proteomics and lipidomics in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk prediction
Authors: Nurmohamed Nick S , Kraaijenhof Jordan M , Mayr Manuel , Nicholls Stephen J , Koenig Wolfgang , Catapano Alberico L , Stroes Erik S G 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven the limited accuracy of clinically used risk scores such as the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 system and the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease 2 risk scores, novel risk algorithms determining an individual’s susceptibility of future incident or recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk are urgently needed. Due to major improvements in assay techniques, multimarker proteomic and lipidomic panels hold the promise to be reliably assessed in a high-throughput routine. Novel machine learning-based approaches have facilitated the use of this high-dimensional data resulting from these analyses for ASCVD risk prediction. More than a dozen of large-scale retrospective studies using different sets of biomarkers and different statistical methods have consistently demonstrated the additive prognostic value of these panels over traditionally used clinical risk scores. Prospective studies are needed to determine the clinical utility of a biomarker panel in clinical ASCVD risk stratification. When combined with the genetic predisposition captured with polygenic risk scores and the actual ASCVD phenotype observed with coronary artery imaging, proteomics and lipidomics can advance understanding of the complex multifactorial causes underlying an individual’s ASCVD risk.
Miriam Camps and European Integration: Blurring the Boundaries between Scholarship and Diplomacy
Authors: Seidel Katja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMiriam Camps (1916–1994) was a US diplomat, journalist, economist, and scholar. Involved in the design of early postwar European integration organizations at the State Department in the 1940s, she remained at the center of US foreign policy formulation toward Europe until the late 1960s. Her practical experience as a formal and informal diplomat—from the late 1950s, Camps was affiliated with elite foreign policy think tanks—informed her output as a scholar. Like other female international thinkers and experts, she was well known in her time, but her contribution to both US foreign policy and scholarship on European integration has since been largely overlooked by historians of European integration and international relations scholars. This article explores Camps’ scholarship and her contribution to the field of European Studies. It asks why we know so little about Camps and advocates revisiting early European integration research and integrate individuals with more variegated careers into the founding history of the discipline.
“Mother of the Oceans”: Maritime Governance as a Template for a New Global Order in the International Thought of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918–2002)
Authors: Ashworth Lucian M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores the international thought of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918–2002), a major figure in the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea negotiations and (later in her life) a professor at Dalhousie University. Borgese's analysis of the nature of the Ocean led her to see the emerging system of maritime governance as a template for wider global governance. The fluidity of the Ocean, she argued, blurred terrestrial certainties, while the fundamental interdependence of its ecosystems means that its governance offers a new paradigm that can inform terrestrial governance. The Ocean has always been important, she argued, but that importance is now increasing. Thus, in Borgese's work, the Ocean emerges as more than a passive victim of human exploitation, and becomes a positive influence on humanity's future. Taking her work seriously helps international relations (IR) confront its own failure to engage with global physical realities and would be another step toward rewriting an IR for the Anthropocene.
“Apostates from Realism: Harold and Margaret Sprout, Princeton, and Geopolitics: 1931–1965”
Authors: Specter Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy focusing on the joint scholarly work of Harold and Margaret Sprout in the first two-thirds of their academic career, this article aims to recover the work of an important female international thinker from relative obscurity. The Sprouts were important protagonists in the making of a geopolitical strand of realism centered at Princeton University during the war. Historians of realism focused on developments in the mid-1950s centered on Columbia and Chicago have neglected the circle around Edward March Earle at Princeton which gave the Sprouts their start.In Section I, I use a close reading of archives at Princeton, as well as an unpublished autobiography that the couple wrote before Harold's death in 1980 (amended by Margaret in 1995), to establish the collaborative nature of their scholarship and the challenges Margaret faced as an unsalaried researcher without a formal academic appointment.In Section II, I trace the Sprouts' work from the 1939–1940 work on naval power through to a critical review of Hans Morgenthau in 1949.In Section III, I argue that Man-Milieu Relationship Hypotheses (1956) constituted their break with the geopolitical realism that they had championed through the late 1940s. I also show how their work from 1956 to 1965, critical of teleology and reification of large-scale “influences of geography” and “elements of national power” made them pioneers in cognitive foreign policy analysis (like Snyder, Burton, and Sapin, 1954) and forerunners of constructivism. I conclude with some reflections on their marginalization by international relations theory and history alike.
“A Pro-Fascist English Lady”: The International Thought of Muriel Innes Currey
Authors: Allen Kye J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article recovers the activities, international thought, and reception of Muriel Innes Currey during the formative decades of the twentieth century. As both an ardent campaigner on behalf of the League of Nations Union and a fascist sympathizer, the paper highlights the variegated beliefs and tensions encapsulated within Currey's thinking as she attempted to reconcile advocacy for the League of Nations with a peculiar mélange of High Tory conservatism, Italophilic solidarity, and fascist sympathies. The contribution of this study is two-fold. First, building on efforts to excavate the history of women's international thought from undue obscurity, this article expands the referent of analysis to the thought and activity of a hitherto neglected woman, yet one overwhelmingly pro-fascist in orientation. Second, discerning Currey's thought contributes to redressing a double erasure within the history of the discipline: the gendered elision of women's international thinking and the concurrent amnesia surrounding fascism and its place within the then-fledgling discipline of international relations. Currey may have been on the periphery of academia; however, she was nevertheless a thinker who engaged with key questions occupying, and institutions affiliated with, the emergent field.
Thinking Outside of the Box: Transnational Terrorism in Civil Wars
Authors: Soules Michael J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScholars have written on the extensive risks that transnational terrorism entails for militant groups that perpetrate such attacks. However, despite these risks, transnational terrorism has become an increasingly common feature of civil wars. This raises the question: Why do rebel groups launch terrorist attacks outside of the countries they are fighting civil wars in? I argue that weaker rebel groups are more inclined to turn to such tactics because they are desperate, and as a result, are more willing to make the gamble to signal their resolve, impose costs on their enemies, avoid direct military confrontation with domestic security forces, and generate external support. Using data on the transnational terrorist attack patterns of all rebel group–government dyads present in the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) Dyadic Dataset from 1970 to 2013, I find that conventionally weak rebel groups are more likely to rely on transnational terrorism.
MR Enterography Scores Correlate with Degree of Mucosal Healing in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gladkikh Maria , Benchimol Eric I , Mack David R , Mojaverian Nassim , Highmore Kerri , Miller Elka , Davila Jorge 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
MR enterography (MRE) Index of Activity (MaRIA) and Clermont are validated scores that correlate with Crohn’s disease (CD) activity; however, the Clermont score has not been validated to correlate with the degree of change in mucosal inflammation post induction treatment in children. This pilot study evaluated if MaRIA and Clermont scores can serve as surrogates to ileocolonoscopy for assessing interval change in mucosal inflammation in pediatric CD post-induction treatment.

Methods
Children with known or newly diagnosed ileocolonic CD starting or changing therapy underwent ileocolonoscopy, scored with simple endoscopic score for Crohn’s disease (SES-CD), and MRE on the same day at two time points (Week 0 and 12). Accuracy of global MaRIA and Clermont indices relative to ileocolonoscopy in detecting degree of post-treatment interval change in mucosal inflammation was assessed through correlational coefficients (r). Inter-reader agreement was calculated for imaging scores through intraclass correlation (ICC).

Results
Sixteen children (mean age 11.5 ± 2.8) were evaluated. Global MaRIA/Clermont correlated with SES-CD in detecting the degree of change in mucosal inflammation (r = 0.676 and r = 0.677, P &lt; 0.005, respectively). Correlation for pooled timepoint assessments between SES-CD and global MaRIA/Clermont was moderate (r = 0.546, P &lt; 0.001 and r = 0.582, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Inter-rater reliability for global MaRIA and Clermont was good (ICC = 0.809 and ICC = 0.768, respectively, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
MRE-based global scores correlate with endoscopic indices and may be used to monitor disease changes in children with CD undergoing induction treatment, which can advise the physician if treatment changes should be made.
Predictive value of peripheral blood markers in soft tissue sarcoma patients treated with eribulin
Authors: Ishihara Shin , Ogura Koichi , Maejima Aiko , Shimoi Tatsunori , Sudo Kazuki , Kojima Yuki , Fukushima Suguru , Osaki Shuhei , Kobayashi Eisuke , Iwata Shintaro , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Yonemori Kan , Kawai Akira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
eribulin, an anticancer agent that inhibits microtubule growth, along with trabectedin and pazopanib, has been approved for the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS). However, there has been no consensus on the optimal second-line therapy among these three agents following treatment failure with doxorubicin. Recently, the effects of eribulin on the tumor microenvironment and immunity have been reported in breast cancer, and peripheral blood immune markers have also been reported to be a predictor of eribulin efficacy, though this remains unverified in STS. We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of various peripheral blood immune markers in STS patients treated with eribulin.

Methods
we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of STS patients treated with eribulin and examined whether peripheral blood immune markers at different time points could be prognostic factors for STS patients treated with eribulin.

Results
several peripheral blood immune markers were significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS), specifically neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) prestart (NLR before the initial administration of eribulin) (P = 0.019) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC)8D (ALC on Day 8 of the first administration of eribulin) (P = 0.037). NLR prestart (P = 0.001) was significantly associated with overall survival. The combination of NLR prestart and ALC8D determined the PFS of STS patients treated with eribulin.

Conclusions
the combined indicator of low NLR prestart and high ALC8D predicted the survival of patients treated with eribulin as well as the histology of L-sarcoma. Though further validation was needed, this finding would provide valuable prognostic factor that help treatment decision in the absence of consensus on the optimal second-line therapy following doxorubicin treatment in STS patients.
Characterization and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic manipulation of neutrophils derived from Hoxb8-ER-immortalized myeloid progenitors
Authors: Shannon Jeffrey G , Hinnebusch B Joseph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeutrophils represent a first line of defense against a wide variety of microbial pathogens. Transduction with an estrogen receptor–Hoxb8 transcription factor fusion construct conditionally immortalizes myeloid progenitor cells (NeutPro) capable of differentiation into neutrophils. This system has been very useful for generating large numbers of murine neutrophils for in vitro and in vivo studies. However, some questions remain as to how closely neutrophils derived from these immortalized progenitors reflect primary neutrophils. Here we describe our experience with NeutPro-derived neutrophils as it relates to our studies of Yersinia pestis pathogenesis. NeutPro neutrophils have circular or multilobed nuclei, similar to primary bone marrow neutrophils. Differentiation of neutrophils from NeutPro cells leads to increased expression of CD11b, GR1, CD62L, and Ly6G. However, the NeutPro neutrophils expressed lower levels of Ly6G than bone marrow neutrophils. NeutPro neutrophils produced reactive oxygen species at slightly lower levels than bone marrow neutrophils, and the 2 cell types phagocytosed and killed Y. pestis in vitro to a similar degree. To further demonstrate their utility, we used a nonviral method for nuclear delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 guide RNA complexes to delete genes of interest in NeutPro cells. In summary, we have found these cells to be morphologically and functionally equivalent to primary neutrophils and useful for in vitro assays related to studies of bacterial pathogenesis.
Modelling admixture across language levels to evaluate deep history claims
Authors: Hübler Nataliia , Greenhill Simon J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe so-called ‘Altaic’ languages have been subject of debate for over 200 years. An array of different data sets have been used to investigate the genealogical relationships between them, but the controversy persists. The new data with a high potential for such cases in historical linguistics are structural features, which are sometimes declared to be prone to borrowing and discarded from the very beginning and at other times considered to have an especially precise historical signal reaching further back in time than other types of linguistic data. We investigate the performance of typological features across different domains of language by using an admixture model from genetics. As implemented in the software STRUCTURE, this model allows us to account for both a genealogical and an areal signal in the data. Our analysis shows that morphological features have the strongest genealogical signal and syntactic features diffuse most easily. When using only morphological structural data, the model is able to correctly identify three language families: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic, whereas Japonic and Koreanic languages are assigned the same ancestry.
Classification in Traditional Nosologies
Authors: Keeley Jared W. , Chung Lisa , Kleva Christopher 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The classification of psychopathology drives many aspects of the mental health profession. This chapter outlines the major controversies current today in traditional psychiatric classification, including the definition of mental disorder, the organization of classificatory systems, issues concerning comorbidity, measurement issues, and many others. These controversies are tracked historically across the various editions of the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM and the World Health Organization’s ICD and put into their historical context. This chapter argues that the classification of mental disorders is an inherently value-laden and subjective enterprise, but one that is nonetheless integral to the science and practice of mental health.
Depression: Social and Cognitive Aspects
Authors: Ingram Rick E. , Balderas Jessica , Khonle Kendall , Fulton Joe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Although there are numerous facets of depression, this chapter reviews its social and cognitive aspects. The chapter begins with a brief history of depression and then examines the epidemiology of depression, as well as demographic data related to ethnicity, sex difference, and age and cohort effects. Social and cognitive models and the factors associated with these models, such as life events, are reviewed. Among these models is the idea of stress generation, wherein stress is not brought about by external events but is rather generated by the interpersonal behaviors of depressed individuals. Several cognitive models focus on Beck’s cognitive model of depression, which examines the role of depressogenic schemas in the onset and maintenance of depression. There is also some evidence to suggest that depressive cognition might have a genetic basis, and data on the role of the 5-HTTLPR gene in relation to depressive cognitions is reviewed. Attribution-based models, such as the learned helplessness and learned hopelessness models, are also reviewed, as is the self-regulatory approach to depression proposed by Crevone. The authors conclude by summarizing social and cognitive factors related to depression.
Eating Disorders
Authors: Steiger Howard , Booij Linda , St-Hilaire Annie , Thaler Lea 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the psychopathology of the eating disorders (EDs), with emphasis on important shifts in understanding that have occurred over recent decades. The chapter offers a treatment of ED phenomenology, epidemiology, and etiology and provides a review of findings on comorbid syndromes and traits that often accompany an ED. In addition, the chapter reviews etiology, providing a review of the factors that are part of a contemporary, biopsychosocial perspective on ED development. Arguably, a multidimensional perspective informed by findings on the ways in which EDs result from the activation by diverse environmental impacts of an underlying heritable biology helps reduce stigma associated with these disorders and causal misconceptions surrounding them.