bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective processing strategies for minimizing acrylamide level in potato chips using L‐asparaginase from Streptomyces koyangensisSK4
Authors: Shahana Kabeer S. , Mohamed Hatha A. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcrylamide is a potent carcinogen present in fried and baked foods. The L‐asparaginase enzyme is well known for its application in the food industry to mitigate acrylamide levels in foods. L‐asparaginase from Arctic actinomycete, Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 with acrylamide‐reducing potential, was exploited for this study. In the present study, a statistical optimization was carried out to determine the effect of different parameters such as L‐asparaginase concentration, acetic acid pre‐treatment, NaCl pre‐treatment, frying method and frying temperature on acrylamide reduction in potato chips. A full factorial experimental design was implemented to statistically analyze the effect and significance of each parameter. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the result of the experimental design indicated a high correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.96. The linear regression model obtained was well‐suited to the experimental result. The study had shown the frying method and temperature, sodium chloride pre‐treatment and the concentration of L‐asparaginase significantly affected acrylamide mitigation in potato chips (p < 0.05). We found that pre‐treatment with acetic acid did not significantly affect enzymatic acrylamide reduction in potato chips (p > 0.05). Under optimal conditions such as pre‐treatment of potato slices by blanching in sodium chloride solution, immersion in L‐asparaginase (40 IU/mL) and frying the slices by air frying at 160°C caused an 81% reduction in the acrylamide level of potato chips. The study suggests that statistical optimization of the concentration of L‐asparaginase from Streptomyces koyangensis SK4 and different processing parameters is a promising method for the maximum reduction of acrylamide content in potato chips.Practical ApplicationAcrylamide is a potent carcinogen reported widely in potato chips. It is formed during the baking or frying of potatoes, at high temperatures of more than 120°C. At high temperatures, the reducing sugars and L‐asparagine present in the potato react together to form acrylamide. The higher consumption of acrylamide in humans is reported to cause gastrointestinal and ovarian cancers. The microbial L‐asparaginase is utilized in the food industries to remove the amino acid, L‐asparagine in potatoes which leads to the formation of acrylamide during the frying process. In this study, we are analyzing the effect of different pre‐treatment and frying parameters utilized in potato chip making on acrylamide reduction using L‐asparaginase obtained from Arctic actinomycetes. The study highlights the influence of different process parameters on acrylamide content in the final product. The observations can be utilized at the industrial level to produce safer and healthier chips with low acrylamide content.
Reducing hypoglycemia from overtreatment of type 2 diabetes in older adults: The HypoPrevent study
Authors: Koehn Deborah A. , Dungan Kathleen Marie , Wallia Amisha , Lucas Deborah Otcasek , Lash Robert W. , Becker Mila N. , Dardick Lawrence D. , Boord Jeffrey B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypoglycemia from overtreatment is a serious but underrecognized complication among older adults with type 2 diabetes. However, diabetes treatment is seldom deintensified. We assessed the effectiveness of a Clinical Decision Support (CDS) tool and shared decision‐making (SDM) in decreasing the number of patients at risk for hypoglycemia and reducing the impact of non‐severe hypoglycemic events.MethodsHypoPrevent was a pre‐post, single arm study at a five‐site primary care practice. We identified at‐risk patients (≥65 years‐old, with type 2 diabetes, treated with insulin or sulfonylureas, and HbA1c < 7.0%). During three clinic visits over 6 months, clinicians used the CDS tool and SDM to assess hypoglycemic risk, set individualized HbA1c goals, and adjust use of hypoglycemic agents. We assessed the number of patients setting individualized HbA1c goals or modifying medication use, changes in the population at risk for hypoglycemia, and changes in impact of non‐severe hypoglycemic events using a validated patient‐reported outcome tool (TRIM‐HYPO).ResultsWe enrolled 94 patients (mean age—74; mean HbA1c (±SD)—6.36% ± 0.43), of whom 94% set an individualized HbA1c goal at either the baseline or first follow‐up visit. Ninety patients completed the study. Insulin or sulfonylurea use was decreased or eliminated in 20%. An HbA1c level before and after goal setting was obtained in 53% (N = 50). Among these patients, the mean HbA1c increased 0.53% (p < 0.0001) and the number of patients at‐risk decreased by 46% (p < 0.0001). Statistically significant reductions in the impact of hypoglycemia during daily activities occurred in both the total score and each functional domain of TRIM‐HYPO.ConclusionsIn a population of older patients at risk for hypoglycemia, the use of a CDS tool and SDM reduced the population at risk and decreased the use of insulin and sulfonylureas. Using a patient‐reported outcome tool, we demonstrated significant reductions in the impact of hypoglycemia on daily life.
Entrepreneurial Wealth and Employment: Tracing Out the Effects of a Stock Market Crash
Authors: RING MARIUS A. K. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTUsing the dispersion in stock returns during the financial crisis as a source of exogenous variation in the wealth of Norwegian entrepreneurs who held listed stocks, I show that adverse shocks to the wealth of business owners had large effects on their firms' financing, employment, and investment. The effects on investment and employment are driven by young firms, that obtain differentially less bank financing following an owner wealth shock. The effects on employment operate primarily through reduced hiring. My findings highlight that equity‐financing frictions and the procyclicality of entrepreneurial wealth are important channels that can amplify economic shocks.
Adolescents' trust and reciprocity toward friends, unknown peers, and community members
Authors: Sweijen Sophie W. , te Brinke Lysanne W. , van de Groep Suzanne , Crone Eveline A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing a newly developed version of the Trust Game among 196 adolescents aged 11–20 years, this study examined whether adolescents distinguish between trust and reciprocity to unknown peers, friends, and community members. We also tested for effects of age, gender, and individual differences in attending to others' emotions, emotional support to friends, societal contributions, and institutional and interpersonal trust beliefs. Results indicated that adolescents showed the least trust and reciprocity to unknown peers, more to a community member, and most to friends. Reciprocity increased with age, and individual differences in societal contributions and interpersonal trust were positively related to trust and reciprocity. This study was the first to show that community members are a specific target in adolescents' social world.
The Historic Square Foot Dataset – Outstanding small‐scale richness in Swiss grasslands around the year 1900
Authors: Riedel Susanne , Widmer Stefan , Babbi Manuel , Buholzer Serge , Grünig Andreas , Herzog Felix , Richner Nina , Dengler Jürgen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGrasslands host a significant share of Europe's species diversity but are among the most threatened vegetation types of the continent. Resurvey studies can help to understand patterns and drivers of changes in grassland diversity and species composition. However, most resurveys are based on local or regional data, and hardly reach back more than eight decades. Here, we publish and describe the Historic Square Foot Dataset, comprising 580 0.09‐m2 and 43 1‐m2 vegetation plots carefully sampled between 1884 and 1931, covering a wide range of grassland types across Switzerland. We provide the plots as an open‐access data set with coordinates, relocation accuracy and fractional aboveground biomass per vascular plant species. We assigned EUNIS habitat types to most plots. Mean vascular plant species richness in 0.09 m2 was 19.7, with a maximum of 47. This is considerably more than the present‐day world record of 43 species for this plot size. Historically, species richness did not vary with elevation, differing from the unimodal relationship found today. The data set provides unique insight into how grasslands in Central Europe looked more than 100 years ago, thus offering manifold options for studies on the development of grassland biodiversity and productivity.
Importing Arcadia into 18th‐century Madras: Poetics of the contact zone and the politics of genre in Eyles Irwin's Saint Thomas's Mount
Authors: Motwani Arjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEyles Irwin (1751–1817), an East India Company official who spent much of his life in the British settlement of Fort St. George, Madras, was one of the earliest practitioners of anglophone belles lettres in the Indian subcontinent, and his writings predate the development of a robust culture of English‐language literary composition in the colony by quite a few years. The scant scholarly attention he has received belies his importance as an anticipator of the momentous literary‐historical processes that would transform India's public sphere in the 19th century. This essay offers a contextual reading of Saint Thomas's Mount (1774), his earliest extant poem, which is avowedly modelled on canonical English topographical poems like Alexander Pope's Windsor‐Forest (1713) and makes use of a host of neoclassical conventions, but which also differs from them in terms of the kind of landscape that is represented (Irwin's is a tropical landscape, with abundant mangoes, palms, and Oriental fauna, unlike Pope's pleasant, idyllic British park). However, Irwin's target readership being chiefly metropolitan, he contends with the difficulty of highlighting India's irreducible foreignness while simultaneously trying to ensure that readers in London do not find the Oriental descriptions too alien, incredible, and unrelatable. The authorial strategies he adopts to navigate this difficulty constitute the focus of the first part of the essay. The second (and final) part seeks to shed light on his hybrid, hyphenated identity as an Indian‐born Irish poet, and on his perception of himself as somehow fundamentally unlike those Britons who never ventured beyond the geographical confines of Europe, let alone setting down roots in places on the very fringes of the British empire. The affiliative bonds he forges with expatriate colonial officials living in and confronting the hardships of life in the monsoonal tropics mark him as a member of the steadily growing community of Anglo‐Indians in the Indian subcontinent. While noting the shifting connotations of the term ‘Anglo‐Indian’ in the 18th and 19th centuries, this essay will also examine the implications of identifying Irwin as a member of this initially amorphous but steadily growing community.
degQ associated with the degS/degU two‐component system regulates biofilm formation, antimicrobial metabolite production, and biocontrol activity in Bacillus velezensis DMW1
Authors: Yu Chenjie , Qiao Junqing , Ali Qurban , Jiang Qifan , Song Yan , Zhu Linli , Gu Qin , Borriss Rainer , Dong Suomeng , Gao Xuewen , Wu Huijun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus velezensis strain DMW1 produces a high level of antimicrobial metabolites that can suppress the growth of phytopathogens. We investigated the mechanism used by degQ and the degS/degU two‐component system to regulate the biocontrol characteristics of DMW1. When degQ and degU were deleted, the biofilm formation, cell motility, colonization activities, and antifungal abilities of ΔdegQ and ΔdegU were significantly reduced compared to wild‐type DMW1. The expression levels of biofilm‐related genes (epsA, epsB, epsC, and tasA) and swarming‐related genes (swrA and swrB) were all down‐regulated. We also evaluated the impact on secondary metabolites of these two genes. The degQ and degU genes reduced surfactin and macrolactin production and up‐regulated the production of fengycin, iturin, bacillaene, and difficidin metabolites. The reverse transcription‐quantitative PCR results were consistent with these observations. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and microscale thermophoresis revealed that DegU can bind to the promoter regions of these six antimicrobial metabolite genes and regulate their synthesis. In conclusion, we provided systematic evidence to demonstrate that the degQ and degU genes are important regulators of multicellular behaviour and antimicrobial metabolic processes in B. velezensis DMW1 and suggested novel amenable strains to be used for the industrial production of antimicrobial metabolites.
Haplotype‐resolved genome assembly provides insights into the evolution of S‐locus supergene in distylous Nymphoides indica
Authors: Yang Jingshan , Xue Haoran , Li Zhizhong , Zhang Yue , Shi Tao , He Xiangyan , Barrett Spencer C. H. , Wang Qingfeng , Chen Jinming 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Distyly has evolved independently in numerous animal‐pollinated angiosperm lineages. Understanding of its molecular basis has been restricted to a few species, primarily Primula. Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of the single diallelic locus (S‐locus) supergene, a linkage group of functionally associated genes, and explore how it may have evolved in distylous Nymphoides indica, a lineage of flowering plants not previously investigated.

We assembled haplotype‐resolved genomes, used read‐coverage‐based genome‐wide association study (rb‐GWAS) to locate the S‐locus supergene, co‐expression network analysis to explore gene networks underpinning the development of distyly, and comparative genomic analyses to investigate the origins of the S‐locus supergene.

We identified three linked candidate S‐locus genes – NinBAS1, NinKHZ2, and NinS1 – that were only evident in the short‐styled morph and were hemizygous. Co‐expression network analysis suggested that brassinosteroids contribute to dimorphic sex organs in the short‐styled morph. Comparative genomic analyses indicated that the S‐locus supergene likely evolved via stepwise duplications and has been affected by transposable element activities.

Our study provides novel insight into the structure, regulation, and evolution of the supergene governing distyly in N. indica. It also provides high‐quality genomic resources for future research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the striking evolutionary convergence in form and function across heterostylous taxa.
Oral solitary fibrous tumors: A collaborative clinicopathologic study of 19 cases
Authors: Cunha John Lennon Silva , Cavalcante Israel Leal , Barros Elton Fernandes , de Sousa Neto Sebastião Silvério , Cavalcante Roberta Barroso , Turatti Eveline , de Mendonça Elismauro Francisco , de Albuquerque‐Júnior Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti , Anbinder Ana Lia , Fragata da Silva Décio , Duarte Ivison Xavier , Nonaka Cassiano Francisco Weege , Alves Pollianna Muniz , de Almeida Oslei Paes , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo report the clinicopathologic features of 19 oral solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs).MethodsClinical data were collected from the records of seven pathology services. All cases were re‐evaluated by HE staining and confirmed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe series comprised 11 females (57.9%) and 8 males (42.1%), with a mean age of 47.3 ± 14.7 years (range: 22–71 years) and a 1.3:1 female‐to‐male ratio. Most tumors affected the buccal mucosa (n = 7; 36.8%) and presented clinically as an asymptomatic solitary submucosal well‐circumscribed nodule with coloration similar to the oral mucosa. Morphologically, most SFTs (n = 10; 52.6%) exhibited a classic hybrid pattern characterized by a well‐circumscribed proliferation of densely cellular areas alternating with hypocellular areas in a variably collagenous vascular stroma. Remnants of accessory salivary glands were observed in two cases (n = 2; 10.5%). All tumors were positive for STAT6 and CD34 (n = 19; 100%). Outcome information was available from 6 patients (31.6%), with clinical follow‐up ranging from 6 to 24 months (mean ± SD, 9.5 ± 6.8 months), and none developed local recurrence.ConclusionsOral SFTs are rare and often clinically misdiagnosed. Pathologists should consider SFT in the differential diagnosis of oral spindle cell tumors. Accurate diagnosis requires careful morphological evaluation supported by immunohistochemical analysis.
A mechanistic mathematical model for describing and predicting the dynamics of high‐affinity nitrate intake into roots of maize and other plant species
Authors: Zanin Laura , Tomasi Nicola , Casagrande Daniele , Danuso Francesco , Buoso Sara , Zamboni Anita , Varanini Zeno , Pinton Roberto , Blanchini Franco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA fully mechanistic dynamical model for plant nitrate uptake is presented. Based on physiological and regulatory pathways and based on physical laws, we form a dynamic system mathematically described by seven differential equations. The model evidences the presence of a short‐term positive feedback on the high‐affinity nitrate uptake, triggered by the presence of nitrate around the roots, which induces its intaking. In the long run, this positive feedback is overridden by two long‐term negative feedback loops which drastically reduces the nitrate uptake capacity. These two negative feedbacks are due to the generation of ammonium and amino acids, respectively, and inhibit the synthesis and the activity of high‐affinity nitrate transporters. This model faithfully predicts the typical spiking behavior of the nitrate uptake, in which an initial strong increase of nitrate absorption capacity is followed by a drop, which regulates the absorption down to the initial value. The model outcome was compared with experimental data and they fit quite nicely. The model predicts that after the initial exposure of the roots with nitrate, the absorption of the anion strongly increases and that, on the contrary, the intensity of the absorption is limited in presence of ammonium around the roots.
The association between the Short Physical Performance Battery and longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults
Authors: Bao Min , Chao Jianqian , Zhang Na , Wu Yanqian , Wang Leixia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, the long‐term trajectories of depressive symptoms in a 7‐year prospective survey cohort of Chinese older adults were explored. Additionally, the study examined whether there was an independent association between scores on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and the different trajectories of depressive symptoms.MethodsA total of 2177 elderly individuals had their depressive symptoms assessed based on the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scale in the years 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018. In addition, their demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, and lifestyle factors were also assessed. The trajectories of depressive symptoms were analysed using the group‐based trajectories analysis model. Furthermore, the relationship between the objectively measured SPPB scores and the long‐term trajectory of depressive symptoms was explored using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsThe group‐based trajectory analysis model categorized the trajectories of depressive symptoms across four waves into four groups: persistent low depressive symptoms, increasing depressive symptoms, decreased depressive symptoms, and persistent high depressive symptoms. After controlling for confounding factors, it was observed that a higher baseline SPPB score was associated with an increased likelihood of persistent high depressive symptoms, OR (95% CI) = 0.724 (0.644, 0.814), for the persistent high depressive symptoms versus the persistent low depressive symptoms.ConclusionsLow levels of SPPB score are associated with persistent high depressive symptoms in older adults. Conversely, improving physical performance as measured by the SPPB can help reduce the risk of major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder in the elderly.
Self‐regulation in daily life: Neuroscience will accelerate theorizing and advance the field
Authors: Lopez Richard B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSelf‐regulation often involves foregoing short‐term pleasures and impulses in favor of long‐term goals, such as pursuing a particular career, raising a family, or maintaining good health to promote longevity. Like many other fields in psychology, the study of self‐regulation has experienced some growing pains in the wake of the replication crisis, with previously held theories called into question, including seemingly intuitive phenomena such as ego depletion. Despite these challenges, there is burgeoning interest in characterizing people's experiences of self‐regulation success and failure in real world settings. In this review, I argue that utilizing tools and approaches from neuroscience will yield valuable insights into how self‐regulatory processes are engaged in daily life, which in turn will refine and advance self‐regulation models and theorizing, as well as generate new hypotheses. I also unpack some conceptual and practical considerations when combining neuroscience methods with real‐world assessment of behaviors, such as ecological momentary assessment. With these issues and points for consideration taken together, I hope this review will help pave a fruitful path forward for the field with implications for how we might become better self‐regulators.
Benefits beyond cardiometabolic health: the potential of frequent high intensity ‘exercise snacks’ to improve outcomes for those living with and beyond cancer
Authors: Jenkins David G. , Devin James L. , Weston Kathryn L. , Jenkins Joseph G. , Skinner Tina L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to consistently elicit rapid and significant adaptations in a number of physiological systems, across many different healthy and clinical populations. In addition, there is increasing interest in how some acute, yet transient responses to high intensity exercise potentially reduce the risks of particular diseases. Recent work has shown that discrete, brief bouts of high intensity exercise (termed ‘exercise snacks’) can improve glucose control and vascular health and thus counter the negative cardiometabolic consequences of prolonged, uninterrupted periods of inactivity. In this brief review, we advance the case, using evidence available from pre‐clinical studies in the exercise oncology literature, that brief, frequently completed bouts of high intensity exercise embedded within an individual's overall daily and weekly physical activity schedule, may transiently impact the tumour microenvironment and improve the health outcomes for those who have been diagnosed and treated for cancer.
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