bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and commissioning of the EPIC commensal radio transient imager for the long wavelength array
Authors: Krishnan Harihanan , Beardsley Adam P , Bowman Judd D , Dowell Jayce , Kolopanis Matthew , Taylor Greg , Thyagarajan Nithyanandan 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Next-generation aperture arrays are expected to consist of hundreds to thousands of antenna elements with substantial digital signal processing to handle large operating bandwidths of a few tens to hundreds of MHz. Conventionally, FX correlators are used as the primary signal processing unit of the interferometer. These correlators have computational costs that scale as $\mathcal {O}(N^2)$ for large arrays. An alternative imaging approach is implemented in the E-field Parallel Imaging Correlator (EPIC) that was recently deployed on the Long Wavelength Array station at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (LWA-SV) in New Mexico. EPIC uses a novel architecture that produces electric field or intensity images of the sky at the angular resolution of the array with full or partial polarization and the full spectral resolution of the channelizer. By eliminating the intermediate cross-correlation data products, the computational costs can be significantly lowered in comparison to a conventional FX or XF correlator from $\mathcal {O}(N^2)$ to $\mathcal {O}(N \log N)$ for dense (but otherwise arbitrary) array layouts. EPIC can also lower the output data rates by directly yielding polarimetric image products for science analysis. We have optimized EPIC and have now commissioned it at LWA-SV as a commensal all-sky imaging back-end that can potentially detect and localize sources of impulsive radio emission on millisecond timescales. In this article, we review the architecture of EPIC, describe code optimizations that improve performance, and present initial validations from commissioning observations. Comparisons between EPIC measurements and simultaneous beam-formed observations of bright sources show spectral-temporal structures in good agreement.
Iron-dependent post transcriptional control of mitochondrial aconitase expression
Authors: Shen Macy , Goforth Jeremy B , Eisenstein Richard S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIron regulatory proteins (IRPs) control the translation of animal cell mRNAs encoding proteins with diverse roles. This includes the iron storage protein ferritin and the tricarboxylic cycle (TCA) enzyme mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2) through iron-dependent binding of IRP to the iron responsive element (IRE) in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR). To further elucidate the mechanisms allowing IRPs to control translation of 5′ IRE-containing mRNA differentially, we focused on Aco2 mRNA, which is weakly controlled versus the ferritins. Rat liver contains two classes of Aco2 mRNAs, with and without an IRE, due to alterations in the transcription start site. Structural analysis showed that the Aco2 IRE adopts the canonical IRE structure but lacks the dynamic internal loop/bulge five base pairs 5′ of the CAGUG(U/C) terminal loop in the ferritin IREs. Unlike ferritin mRNAs, the Aco2 IRE lacks an extensive base-paired flanking region. Using a full-length Aco2 mRNA expression construct, iron controlled ACO2 expression in an IRE-dependent and IRE-independent manner, the latter of which was eliminated with the ACO23C3S mutant that cannot bind the FeS cluster. Iron regulation of ACO23C3S encoded by the full-length mRNA was completely IRE-dependent. Replacement of the Aco23C3S 5′ UTR with the Fth1 IRE with base-paired flanking sequences substantially improved iron responsiveness, as did fusing of the Fth1 base-paired flanking sequences to the native IRE in the Aco3C3S construct. Our studies further define the mechanisms underlying the IRP-dependent translational regulatory hierarchy and reveal that Aco2 mRNA species lacking the IRE contribute to the expression of this TCA cycle enzyme.
High-dose Cefepime vs Carbapenems for Bacteremia Caused by Enterobacterales With Moderate to High Risk of Clinically Significant AmpC β-lactamase Production
Authors: Kunz Coyne Ashlan J , El Ghali Amer , Lucas Kristen , Witucki Paige , Rebold Nicholas , Holger Dana J , Veve Michael P , Rybak Michael J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited data suggest that serious infections caused by Enterobacterales with a moderate to high risk of clinically significant AmpC production can be successfully treated with cefepime if the cefepime minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is ≤2 µg/mL. However, isolates with a cefepime-susceptible dose-dependent (SDD) MIC of 4–8 µg/mL should receive a carbapenem due to target attainment and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) concerns.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with E. cloacae, K. aerogenes, or C. freundii bacteremia from January 2015 to March 2022 receiving high-dose cefepime or a carbapenem. Cox regression models were used with incorporation of inverse probability of treatment weighting and time-varying covariates.ResultsOf the 315 patients included, 169 received cefepime and 146 received a carbapenem (ertapenem n = 90, meropenem n = 56). Cefepime was not associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality compared with carbapenem therapy (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.45; 95% CI, 0.79–2.14), which was consistent for patients with cefepime SDD isolates (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.52–1.77). Multivariable weighted Cox models identified Pitt bacteremia score &gt;4 (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.04–1.92), deep infection (aHR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.21–4.32), and ceftriaxone-resistant AmpC-E (aHR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03–1.59) to be independent predictors associated with increased mortality risk, while receipt of prolonged-infusion β-lactam was protective (aHR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.40–0.89).ConclusionsAmong patients with bacteremia caused by Enterobacterales with moderate to high risk of clinically significant AmpC production, these data demonstrate similar risk of 30-day mortality for high-dose cefepime or a carbapenem as definitive β-lactam therapy.
The Souls of Black Folk and the Sociological Analysis of Race in Our Times
Authors: Young Alford A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Souls of Black Folk is regarded by sociologists, scholars of race theory, and intellectual historians of race as a foundational text for modernist thinking about the social conditions of the African American community. It is foundational for contemporary thought about the social, cultural, intellectual, psychological, and political implications of race in the twenty-first century. The magnitude of the arguments in Souls, together with its enduring impact over time, creates a robust challenge for constructing definitive portraits of the book’s contributions to intellectual, political, and social thought. This chapter thus demonstrates the importance of Souls for forward-thinking approaches to scholarship in sociology. It considers how this work addresses two contemporary problematics in the production of modern sociological scholarship concerning race. The first involves situating a more expansive vision of subjectivity within such work. The second concerns a more thorough elucidation of humility within it.
Du Bois, Demography, and Eugenics
Authors: Zuberi Tukufu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
W. E. B. Du Bois challenged the racial legacy of demography by using visual techniques to critique the idea of race itself. Du Bois used a visual style that offers a simple presentation of complex demographic processes. His population research offers a different way to think about both formal and social demography. Du Bois’s specification of racial classifications produces a more balanced estimation of population changes, and suggests a different specification of the balancing equation used in racially stratified societies. The new field of critical race methodologies is extended to demography by offering a different analytical framework for social research. Du Bois’s critique of eugenics is evident in his demography, and was clearly expressed in his writing and public debates against eugenics. This chapter establishes some general implications of the impact of Du Bois’s visual demographic style, and how we should study the demography of race.
Shell Valuables and Exchange Systems in New Guinea
Authors: Szabó Katherine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The New Guinea anthropological literature is rich with many examples of reciprocal exchange systems where shell valuables often hold an iconic place. This literature has frequently acted as a catalyst and starting point for archaeological enquiries that seeks to investigate the social foundations and development of such systems. This article briefly considers this relationship between archaeology and anthropology in New Guinea using three case studies—the trade of marine shells into the highlands, the kula of the Massim, and the hiri of the south coast and Papuan Gulf. There is little doubt that ethnographies have much to offer archaeologists, but in the context of shell valuables and exchange systems, this relationship can be developed further. The apparent connectedness between trading spheres has also been noted by archaeologists and anthropologists and remains fertile ground for future investigations.
Architectural Traditions in the Deccan
Authors: Sohoni Pushkar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Reflecting the richness of the new architectural history of Mughal India, this chapter will add another perspective on the significance of building practices in the regional polities of the Deccan between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries. The chapter will interpret choices of architectural style and building practice not only in terms of subtle political negotiations with rivals and overlords, but also in terms of inherited knowledge of architects and builders, and the circulation of such knowledge across political boundaries. The Mughals architectural style would eventually be used across the Deccan, replacing the characteristic architecture of the sultanates that they replaced. Most of the polities of the Deccan in the eighteenth centuries, such as the resurgent Marathas and the emergent Asaf Jahs of Hyderabad, would borrow from the architectural legacy of the Mughals.
Ezekiel Scholarship in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Carvalho Corrine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of major trends in the scholarly engagement with the book of Ezekiel in the past fifty years. While not an exhaustive review of literature, the essay aims to chart out the current state of the communal scholarly discussions and debates, especially concerning redaction, legal language, Mesopotamian resonances, and gender. The final section of the essays maps out biblical methods that are currently underutilized that might point to the future of the discipline. This overview demonstrates that scholarship on the book arises from a community of deeply engaged, collaborative scholars. The introduction points to some of the areas where consensus has not been reached, which continues to lead to healthy and vigorous debate.
Collecting Irish Song, 1797–1855
Authors: Sturgeon Sinéad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the wake of the 1792 Belfast Harp Festival and Edward Bunting’s associated publication, A general collection of the ancient Irish music […] (1797), popular interest in Irish song, little of which had been committed to paper, grew rapidly. While song collecting became a widespread activity in the period, this chapter focuses on a small number of outstanding collectors—James Hardiman (1782–1855), George Petrie (1790–1866), Henry Hudson (1798–1889), John Edward Pigot (1822–1871), and William Forde (1797-1850)—whose work was not only important in preserving Ireland’s extraordinarily rich song tradition but also influential in shaping its increasingly politicized relation to the perception of national identity.
Confucianism in Korea
Authors: Kim Youngmin , Kim Youngyeon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter assesses existing studies on Chosŏn Confucianism and reflects on new directions for understanding this pivotal era in Confucianism. The essay first offers an outline of narratives of Chosŏn Confucianism that form the core of textbook and popular understandings of Korean Confucianism. By reviewing select Japanese, Korean, and Anglophone scholarship on Chosŏn Confucianism using thematic foci, the chapter establishes various contexts in which conventional understanding of Chosŏn Confucianism can be articulated and reexamined. New directions have the potential to expand narrow nationalist interpretations, challenge the claims of the extent to which Korean society was transformed by Confucianism, and place Chosŏn Confucianism within an expanded cultural history that goes beyond the framework of dynastic cycle.
“Boston Confucianism”
Authors: Cummings Neville Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
“Boston Confucianism” begins with an unusual orientation to the Confucian tradition: it starts with what is currently worthwhile. After a brief survey of Confucianism in the contemporary West, it addresses the question of whether Confucianism is a religion. The chapter argues that it is a religion because it has from very early onward had concepts and symbols about what is ultimate, existential demands that determine when individuals are in ultimate perspective, and practices of life, albeit various, for living relative to ultimacy. The main body of the chapter treats six related topics: an ontology of spontaneity, continuity across the board, the roles of ritual in building civilized structures, the self-cultivation of individuals in a new sense, the social role of scholar-officials, and, briefly, the spread of Confucianism beyond East Asia. “Boston Confucianism,” of course, is a joke.
The Analects
Authors: Ni Peimin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Analects is the most reliable source for the teachings of Confucius, and studies of this book have been in existence almost as long as the book itself. The rich commentary tradition of the Analects has two main threads: textual study and philosophical inquiry. Through these the Analects has continued to unfold as a living text through the centuries. The chapter describes the textual history of, editions of, commentaries on, and translations of the Analects. It also explores a new strategy, the “gongfu” approach: in contrast to the predominantly intellectualist orientation of Western philosophy that emphasizes timeless truths and moral codes, gongfu regards the Analects as offering teachings about the art of life.
Confucianism in Japan
Authors: Tucker John A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the multifaceted legacies of Confucianism in Japan during the Tokugawa period (1600–1868). The Tokugawa era was especially rich in Confucian developments, and this chapter emphasizes the Confucian impact on education, literacy, political thought, metaphysics, spirituality, national identity, and economic theory and practice. In addressing these topics, the relationship of Tokugawa Confucianism to Buddhism, Christianity, and Shintō is examined. Gender issues and the socio-economic backgrounds of Confucian thinkers are also considered. Additionally, the relationship between Tokugawa Confucianism as an intellectual force in early modern Japan and the beginnings of modernity in the Meiji period (1868–1912) and beyond are explored.
Confucianism in Vietnam
Authors: Whitmore John K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Confucianism has been in Vietnam for two millennia, but Vietnam was not Confucian until the early modern era. Going through a series of stages, each encompassing the earlier ones, Vietnamese Confucians (Nho) learned from Chinese Confucians (Ru), while remaining independent, pragmatic, and political in their approach. Going directly to the Five Classics generally appealed to the Nho more than plumbing Dao Xue commentaries. Unlike elsewhere in East Asia, the Nho had little interest in philosophical discussion until the eighteenth century. The Western onslaught in the twentieth century brought renewed interest in Confucian philosophy, and the modern age in Vietnam has seen the adaptation of Nho thought to its circumstances. Nho belief and practice today directs ancestral ritual, is applied to contemporary matters, forms a broad cultural element within Vietnamese society, is involved in state affairs, and brings modernity into its current manifestations.
Xunzi
Authors: Rainey Lee Dian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis essay looks at the philosophy of Xunzi (Hsun Tzu), one of the major figures in Warring States Confucian philosophy. Most famous for his theory that human nature is evil, Xunzi is notable for his scrupulous definitions and careful arguments. He presents coherent, interlocking, and consistent discussions that range from morality to ritual to government. When it comes to the supernatural Xunzi is a skeptic; he argues against views that would see human beings connected to Heaven (Tian 天) or, in Xunzi’s view, nature. Freeing ourselves from nature through artificiality and civilization is the crowning achievement of human beings. There are a number of topics in Xunzi’s thought that have led to later debates, chief among them is his relationship to his students, Han Fei and Li Si, and their development of the Legalist school.
Confucianism and Social Structure
Authors: Wood Alan T. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This essay explores the impact of Confucianism on Chinese society from early times to the present. The core insight of Confucius was that a stable and cooperative society can be sustainable only when held together by a common commitment to virtue, and that the incubator of virtue is the family. The family, in turn, can be sustainable only when held together by the practice—through ritual—of ancestor veneration and filial piety. Confucian social values placed a high priority on relationships and therefore on the responsibility of the individual to contribute to the social well-being of others through a lifelong process of learning. Perhaps the single most enduring legacy of Confucianism on contemporary Chinese society is a deep commitment to family, to society, and to a highly competitive system of education. The essay ends with a consideration of the continuing debate over the role of Confucianism in the modern world.
Confucius and Contemporary Ethics
Authors: Connolly Tim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMuch of the recent work on early Confucian ethics has attempted to read thinkers like Confucius 孔子(551–479 BCE) and Mencius 孟子 (c.372–289 BCE) in terms of contemporary ethical theory. While many scholars have argued that Confucianism is best understood as a virtue ethics, others favor an approach that looks at the tradition as a distinctive “role ethics.” Still others maintain that Confucianism has important affinities with care ethics, attempting to build bridge between the Chinese Confucian tradition and contemporary feminism. While these approaches have often been opposed to one another, this essay looks at points of convergence between the three interpretations, arguing that one might see them as a “family of views” that can help scholars understand what is distinctive about the early Confucian tradition.
Gender, Agency, and Sex
Authors: Niget David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The postwar years represented a return to the moral order, reinforced by the context of the Cold War. This order gradually began to crack and ultimately came apart during the 1960s as a result of young people’s demand for “sexual liberation.” The youth policies of the time tended to establish a biopolitics of sexuality, as the young demonstrated a desire for autonomy that helped shape a global politics with sexual implications: the sexual revolution. Sexuality thus became a generational tool in the fight for youth rights, but gender norms remained largely unchanged. Nevertheless, during this time, alternative sexual cultures—feminist, gay, and lesbian—emerged, including among the working classes.
Digital Audio Processing Tools for Music Corpus Studies
Authors: Devaney Johanna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Digital audio processing tools offer music researchers the opportunity to examine both non-notated music and music as performance. This chapter summarizes the types of information that can be extracted from audio as well as currently available audio tools for music corpus studies. The survey of extraction methods includes both a primer on signal processing and background theory on audio feature extraction. The survey of audio tools focuses on widely used tools, including both those with a graphical user interface, namely Audacity and Sonic Visualiser, and code-based tools written in the C/C++, Java, MATLAB, and Python computer programming languages. This survey considers both the potential and limitations of digital audio processing tools. In the near term, these tools may not be able to replace human annotation of audio entirely. However, even with some annotation error, the studies of large corpora of audio recordings facilitated by computational methods offer opportunities to advance music research in significant ways.
Introduction
Authors: Monga Célestin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cameroon’s suboptimal economic experience since independence (1960) sheds light on broader issues of Africa’s development narrative, and provides valuable economic and policy knowledge. While Cameroon’s large informal economy is diverse and resilient and rooted in old business traditions, its formal economy has exhibited low productivity and employment growth for over 60 years. This has brought anger, disappointment, and violent conflict in several regions of the country. For a developing country increases in per capita income arise from advances in technology arise from closing the knowledge and technology gap with those at the frontier. And within any country (especially one like Cameroon), there is enormous scope for productivity improvement simply by closing the gap between best practices and average practices. Standards of living can therefore be improved through the implementation of pertinent learning strategies.
The Homo Economicus in Cameroon
Authors: Kom Ambroise 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter proposes a reading of the Cameroonian economy based on an economic agent’s view from below. Its intent is to cast complementary light on the conceptual, theoretical and empirical analyses constituting most of this work. It is therefore written from the point of view of the citizen who interacts daily with the institutions designing and implementing public policies, and small and medium-sized business that make up the economic fabric. The perspective adopted here is also long-term, briefly covering the economic and social approaches of the precolonial era as well as those of the colonial and post-independence eras. This analysis emphasizes the richness and the paradoxes of the Cameroonian economy, of its ruling elites, its private sector, and economic agents of various levels. The chapter emphasizes the need to improve the business environment in Cameroon, and to reform the education and training system.
Untold Perspectives about Cameroon’s Economy
Authors: Nkot Fabien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
What is meant by the economy of a country? Is it the way in which the production and distribution of its goods and services is organized? Is it the visible and measurable economy as captured in various official statistics? Or is it the broader analysis of the way in which the country mobilizes the resources offered it by nature, as well as those produced by the work of its inhabitants, to satisfy the needs of its population? This chapter discusses difficulties in grasping the Cameroonian economy in its entirety—beyond its official aspects observed empirically. It argues that this “analytical misunderstanding” informs the disconnect between the knowledge conveyed about the Cameroonian economy and the country’s overall economic reality. It emphasizes the essentially extraverted structure of Cameroon’s economy and suggests paths for better analyses of the nature and structure of the economy of Cameroon