bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGING AND LONGITUDINAL EFFECTS ON NUMERACY
Authors: Best Ryan , Carman Katherine , Parker Andrew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Numeracy, the ability to competently make use of numbers and numerical information, is a skill associated with diverse positive outcomes across the lifespan. Numeracy is related to increases in education attainment, economic success, and the quality of health and financial decisions (e.g., Chesney, Bjälkebring, & Peters, 2015; Reyna et al., 2009; Smith, McArdle, & Willis, 2010). More generally, numeracy correlates positively with measures of fluid and crystallized intelligence, but accounts for a unique portion of the variance in models predicting risk comprehension (Cokely et al., 2012) and performance in many decision-making tasks (e.g., Peters et al., 2006; Peters, 2012). Age effects on cognitive functioning are well established, generally describing declines in fluid abilities and increases or stability in crystallized abilities (for a review, see Salthouse 2010), but little is known about the longitudinal trajectory of numeracy into older age. The current study investigates longitudinal age effects on numeracy using a sample of 524 adults (2008 Agerange = 20-78) from the RAND American Life Panel. Participants completed a numeracy measure in both 2008 and 2019, a span of 11 years. Results show that numeracy scores generally decreased between measurement points (β = -.24, t = -2.27, p = .03) and that increased age was predictive of a larger decrease in numeracy scores (β = -.02, t = -2.07, p = .04). Results are discussed as they relate to cognitive aging and how the trajectory of numeracy compares to other cognitive constructs.
HIGHER PHYSICAL FITNESS CLUSTERS SHOWED GREATER GLOBAL COGNITIVE OUTCOMES IN MIDDLE- TO OLDER-AGED ADULTS
Authors: Gills Joshua , Jones Megan , Campitelli Anthony , Paulson Sally , Birk Kelsey , Myers Jennifer , Glenn Jordan , Gray Michelle 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Approximately, 6 million individuals in the United States are living with Alzheimer’s disease. A new diagnosis occurs every 67 seconds, which will triple the rates by 2050. Recently, physical dysfunction has been associated with cognitive decline; however, usually, this is examined in one dimension of physical fitness (PF). A more robust way including multiple domains of PF would be beneficial in examining the relationship between PF and cognition. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine cognition in clustered PF variables among middle to older-aged adults. Participants (n=216;73% female) enrolled and completed a DXA scan, RBANS, handgrip, sit-to-stand power with TENDO, dual-task (4-meter and 10-meter), and 6-minute walk distance test. A hierarchal cluster analysis was utilized to identify PF cluster for participants, a one-way ANOVA was used to assess differences in cognition between clusters. Cluster 1 (C1;n=29) was characterized with the highest physical fitness values, cluster 2 (C2;n=74) was in-between C1 and C3, cluster 3 (C3;n=113) had the lowest values among PF variables. C1 had significantly higher global cognitive and visuospatial scores compared to C3 (p&lt; 0.05). C1 and C2 had significantly higher values on line orientation and figure recall than C3 (p&lt; 0.05). Data showed high PF clusters had higher global cognitive values when compared to lower PF clusters. Moreover, higher PF showed greater visuospatial and delayed memory values compared to lower PF. Clustering PF tasks served as a practical tool evaluating cognition—this may be useful for future interpretation of cognitive decline where higher PF represents higher overall cognition.
IMPROVING COGNITION IN OLDER CANCER SURVIVORS USING NONPHARMACOLOGIC INTERVENTIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Blackwood Jennifer , Simone Abigail 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cancer-related cognitive dysfunction (CRCD) is a side-effect of chemotherapy, particularly among young and adult populations. Results indicate CRCD is also prevalent in older adult populations. While various non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive impairments have been studied in young cancer and older adult populations, limited information is available regarding non-pharmacologic interventions for older adults with cancer. The purpose of this systematic review is to describe the current non-pharmacologic interventions for CRCD in the older adult cancer population. Databases searched included PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were appraised by 2 reviewers independently. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment was used to assess study quality. The search located 3441 articles; 4 met inclusion criteria. Cognitive domains assessed by included studies comprised executive function (n=2), attention (n=1), learning/memory (n=2), perceptual-motor (n=1), and a general measure of global cognitive function (n=3). Two studies used exercise interventions and 2 employed cognitive training interventions. One exercise intervention improved executive function, while attention and learning/memory improved following cognitive training. However, a limited number of studies utilizing non-pharmacological approaches for treating cognitive impairment in this population showed high methodological heterogeneity. Non-pharmacologic interventions demonstrated positive outcomes for CRCD, however, methodological concerns in the included studies prevented definitive recommendations from being made. Findings may guide additional studies needed in this field in order to make more robust conclusions.
INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND DEMENTIA
Authors: Chen Jiachen , Fang Yuan , Lunetta Kathryn , Murabito Joanne , Doyle Margaret 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of dementia, but the role of circulating inflammatory markers is unclear. The aim of the study is to identify circulating inflammatory biomarkers associated with cognitive function in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. We used OLINK inflammation panel to measure 92 inflammation protein biomarkers using stored plasma samples at Offspring examination 7 (1998-2001) from 879 participants (52% female, mean 61 years range 40 to 88 years, 22% APOE e4 carrier). Cognitive function was assessed with seven tests derived from a neuropsychological (NP) testing battery representing four cognitive domains collected closest to the 7th examination. 68 proteins with at least 50% values above the limit of detection (LOD) were clustered with hierarchical clustering, and data below LOD were replaced with LOD/√2. We identified nine clusters of highly correlated proteins and created cluster composite scores on the first principal component of each. Adjusting for age, sex and education, five of the seven NP tests are nominally associated (p &lt; 0.05) with at least one of the protein clusters, and five of the nine clusters are associated with at least one of the NP tests. The executive function test Trails B–Trails A is nominally associated with three clusters, and the Boston Naming Test 30 items version with two clusters, both sharing one common cluster which includes IFN-γ-inducible chemokines involved in inflammatory conditions. Future analyses will explore individual protein associations with cognitive test performance and incident dementia and will investigate the biological relevance of the identified clusters.
MENTAL-SOMATIC MULTIMORBIDITY IN GROUP-BASED TRAJECTORIES OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION FOR MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Chen Siting , Nagel Corey , Botoseneanu Anda , Allore Heather , Newsom Jason , Thielke Stephen , Kaye Jeffrey , Quiñones Ana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Somatic and mental multimorbidity contributes to cognitive decline. The study aims to identify distinct trajectories of cognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults, and to examine the contribution of specific somatic and mental multimorbidity combinations on subsequent risk of cognitive impairment. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify trajectories of cognitive impairment risk among participants in the Health & Retirement Study during years 1998-2016 (N=20,372). We included time-invariant sociodemographic factors (sex, race/ethnicity, education) to quantify their association with trajectory class membership, and time-varying multimorbidity combinations to examine their relative impact on observed trajectories. Four somatic-mental multimorbidity combinations were analyzed: somatic multimorbidity (two or more of the following: heart disease, lung disease, hypertension, arthritis, diabetes, cancer), stroke-multimorbidity (any somatic including stroke); depressive-multimorbidity (any somatic including high depressive symptoms); and stroke and depressive multimorbidity (including both stroke and high depressive symptoms). We identified three trajectory classes of cognitive impairment: low baseline risk with gradual increase (55.1%); low baseline risk with rapid increase (32.8%); and high baseline risk with gradual increase (12.1%). In the group with low baseline risk with rapid increase, stroke-multimorbidity (OR: 2.40, 95%CI: 2.11, 2.74) and depressive-multimorbidity (OR: 1.65, 95%CI: 1.50,1.81) each had higher odds of cognitive impairment relative to somatic multimorbidity. Similarly, stroke and depressive multimorbidity (OR: 3.46, 95%CI: 2.85, 4.21) was associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment compared with somatic multimorbidity. This study highlights the importance of risk modification for somatic and mental multimorbidity combinations from mid-life to inform interventions to sustain cognitive performance.
ACHES AND PAINS: HOW DO THEY AFFECT TRANSITIONS FROM DRIVING?
Authors: Barrett Anne , Michael Cherish 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chronic pain, which affects more than 1 in 4 middle-aged and older adults, can have profound implications for everyday activities, like driving. Although research has revealed pain’s effect on driving performance, less is known about driving-related behaviors and self-assessments that are part of the process of transitioning from driving. We address this issue using data from an online survey of 3,441 Floridians aged 50 and older that was conducted between December 2020 and March 2021 and funded by the Florida Department of Transportation. We examine the association between pain and four driving-related outcomes: self-rated driving ability, self-regulated driving, perceived nearness of driving retirement, and planning for driving retirement. Results of multivariate regression analyses indicate that experiencing greater pain is associated with worse self-rated driving ability, more frequent self-regulated driving, and greater perceived nearness of driving retirement. Pain is not, however, associated with greater planning for driving retirement. These findings indicate that although greater pain may hasten the transition from driving, it may not lead to more planning for it. Both patterns suggest that pain may increase people’s risk of experiencing the social isolation that can follow driving retirement. By focusing on transitioning from driving, our study reveals a largely overlooked benefit of reducing pain – It could extend people’s years behind the wheel.
ACHIEVING EQUITABLE QUALITY OF CARE FOR NURSING HOME RESIDENTS
Authors: Travers Jasmine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Inequities in care delivery within nursing homes are pervasive across the United States. Racial and ethnic minority residents disproportionately reside in nursing homes of poorer quality, lower staffing, and fewer resources when compared to their White counterparts. Dr. Jasmine Travers, a health services researcher at New York University and with expertise in disparities and long-term care, will present on recommendations to achieving equitable quality of care for nursing home residents.
COMMUNITY TYPOLOGY IN OLDER KOREAN AMERICANS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MENTAL/COGNITIVE HEALTH
Authors: Park Nan Sook , Jang Yuri , Chung Soondool , Chiriboga David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The purposes of this study were to: (1) identify community typology in older Korean Americans; and (2) examine the associations of typology with loneliness, mental distress, and cognitive health. Guided by social capital conceptualization, we hypothesized that distinct community groups would be identified and that they would be differentially associated with sociodemographic, immigration-related, health, and social characteristics and mental/cognitive health. Data were drawn from a survey with older Korean Americans aged 60 and older, collected during 2017−2018 in diverse locations (n=2,138). To identify community typology, a series of latent profile analysis (LPA) were conducted using 15 community-related variables in three domains (neighborhood characteristics, social cohesion, ethnic attachment). After examining characteristics of the identified groups in relations with study variables, hierarchical multiple regression models of loneliness, mental distress, and self-rated cognitive health were estimated. Based on several model evaluation criteria, LPA model with five community groups was identified as best-fit (BIC=64,619, Entropy=.94). The five groups were identified as “a. high safety/cohesion/ethnic attachment” (10%), “b. high safety/low cohesion/ethnic attachment” (10%), “c. moderate neighborhood/low ethnic attachment/cohesion” (38%), “d. moderate neighborhood/high cohesion/ethnic attachment” (31%), and “e. low safety/moderate cohesion/ethnic attachment” (11%). In reference to the group with high on all three domains (a), group with low ethnic attachment/cohesion in moderate neighborhood (c) and group in unsafe environment with moderate cohesion/ethnic attachment (e) were consistently associated with elevated loneliness/mental distress and poor rating of cognitive health. The results suggest the need to understand profiles of community characteristics and their relationships with health/well-being among older immigrants.
EXAMINING THE ROLE OF OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS ON HEALTH AND WELL-BEING IN MID-LIFE
Authors: Staben Omar , Infurna Frank , Grimm Kevin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
There is a long-standing literature that has documented how one’s neighborhood context has the potential to shape mental and physical health across the adult lifespan. An abundance of research documents how various components of the neighborhood, such as disorder, cohesion, in addition to pollution and sidewalk quality are linked to short- and long-term mental and physical health outcomes across adulthood. One key component that has been less studied within this literature is the extent to which objective or subjective neighborhood indicators exert a more potent impact on mental and physical health. Up to this point, much of the research has focused on subjective indicators of neighborhood context. This study explores whether and to what extent objective neighborhood factors of income inequality, residential stability, and greenness and subjective neighborhood factors of social ties, collective efficacy, and neighborhood disorder are predictive of mental and physical health in midlife. We use data from a sample of participants in midlife (n=800, aged 40-65) to analyze our research questions. Structural equation models found that both subjective and objective indicators of neighborhood were related to health and well-being when considered separately. When considered simultaneously, subjective neighborhood indicators (sense of community) mediated the association between objective constructs and health. Our findings demonstrate the independent associations between objective and subjective neighborhood context and highlight the particularly strong association between subjective context and health and well-being. Our discussion elaborates on how our findings can inform interventions and sparks future research aimed at exploring potential mechanisms underlying the associations found.
COMMUNAL SUPPORT PREDICTS BETTER MENTAL HEALTH: KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION AMONG OLDER ADULTS DURING COVID-19
Authors: O'Dea Eireann , Gan Daniel Rong Yao , Chaudhury Habib , Zhang Ziying , Wister Andrew , Quay Lisa Cohen , Jorde Shelley , Wang Claire 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The well-being of older adults has been linked to the quality of their neighbourhood environment. Given that COVID-19 affected poorer neighbourhoods disproportionately, we partnered with community organizations to identify meso-level psychosocial factors that may improve loneliness, depressive mood, and cognitive function. Five variables were identified through focus groups with older adults and community organizations. These variables were drawn from validated scales, including communal provisions, neighbourhood friendship, self-expression, social experiences, and time outdoors. This paper presents preliminary findings from surveys administered to 151 community-dwelling older adults across British Columbia and interviews in four neighbourhoods.Purposeful and snowball sampling were used to recruit older adults (age 55+) from community centres and neighbourhood houses. Online surveys measured the five meso-level psychosocial exposure variables. Outcome variables included an index of loneliness, depressive mood, self-rated memory, semantic fluency and delayed recall. Data was geocoded and aggregated by Forward Sortation Area. Regression and cross-level mediation analysis were conducted. Four neighbourhoods were selected from a 2x2 matrix of high and low neighbourhood deprivation (CANUE, 2016). Mental health was associated with better social experiences (B=.26, p=.003). Time outdoors (B=.35, p=.047) was associated with better delayed recall. Mental health was better in poorer neighbourhoods (B=.20, p=.015). This was partially mediated by communal provisions (B=.19, p=.032). Social experiences (B=.23, p=.009) fully mediated these effects on mental health. Participants described being of local community services and took on opportunities to volunteer. Social experiences and neighbourhood resources may help support mental health and well-being among older adults during the pandemic and beyond.
GLAUCOMA, CATARACT, AND EMOTIONAL DISTRESS IN NEW ENGLAND: FINDINGS FROM THE HEALTHY AGING DATA REPORTS
Authors: Xu Shu , Lee Chae Man , Su YanJhu , Jansen Taylor , Silverstein Nina , Dugan Beth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Glaucoma and Cataract are two common leading causes of vision loss and major sources of disability and mental issues for older adults, but few studies investigated glaucoma and cataract among older adults from a community-level perspective. This study describes the rates of glaucoma and cataract among older adults 65+ in New England and examined the association of glaucoma and cataract and emotional distress (depression and anxiety) of older adults at the community level across 794 towns/cities (MA (351), NH (235), RI (39), and CT (169)) in New England. Data sources used to calculate rates of communities were: the American Community Survey (2014-2018 RI and CT, 2012-2016 MA and NH) and the Medicare Current Beneficiary Summary File (2016-2017 RI, 2015 MA and NH, 2016-2017 CT). Small area estimation techniques were used to calculate age-sex adjusted community rates for more than 150 health indicators (https://healthyagingdatareports.org/). Results showed CT had the highest rates of glaucoma (28.3%), RI had the highest rates of cataract (67.5%), and NH had the lowest rates of glaucoma and cataract (22.9% and 61.2%, respectively). After adjusting for age, gender, race, marital status, education, income, chronic diseases, communities with higher rates of glaucoma or cataract were significantly associated with higher rates of emotional distress compared to those with lower prevalence (glaucoma: β=0.06, p&lt; 0.01, for depression, β=0.09, p&lt; 0.001 for anxiety; cataract: β=0.08, p&lt; 0.01 for depression, β=0.11, p&lt; 0.01 for anxiety). Findings help practitioners and policymakers to allocate emotional support services to areas of high need due to eye diseases.
INTERGENERATIONAL DIGITAL SOLIDARITY IN AGING FAMILIES AND ITS ASSOCIATIONS WITH RELATIONAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Fu Xiaoyu , Hwang Woosang , Silverstein Merril 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease outbreak, older adults have been isolated from family, as in-person contact declined, and many turned to digital contact to stay in touch. This form of contact, consisting of texting, email, and social media, is labeled digital solidarity. A key advantage of digital communication over in-person contact is that it requires less investment of time and no geographic proximity. However, it is unclear whether digital solidarity represents a separate dimension of intergenerational solidarity, and whether it compensates for low in-person contact. In this paper, we examined traditional and digital types of intergenerational communication between older parents and adult children, and their associations with older adults’ perceived quality of communication and closeness with children. We used the 2016 wave of the Longitudinal Study of Generations to generate a sample of 580 older parents who reported on relationships with 1,489 adult children. Adopting a three-step latent class approach, we identified four classes of intergenerational communication: all-type contact, no contact, digital contact, and traditional contact. Older adults in both no contact and digital contact classes were less likely to report being emotionally close with their adult children when compared to those in the traditional contact class. No difference in perceived quality of communication was found between contact classes. Our findings indicate that digital solidarity is a distinct dimension of intergenerational solidarity and can compensate for reduced in-person contact with children. Discussion centers on the implications of these results for pandemic times and a replication using recently collected data from 2021-22.
COUPLES’ FINANCIAL BEHAVIORS AND SATISFACTION AMONG KOREAN BABY BOOMERS
Authors: Nam Youngwon , Kim Kyungmin , Han Gyounghae 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The life-cycle theory posits that midlife is a peak time of earning and productivity. However, middle-aged adults also face complex financial decisions (e.g., mortgage, child tuition cost, care expenses for older parents, and their own health care expenses), which may influence their current and future financial well-being. While research has focused on individuals’ financial management behaviors at midlife, less is known about the interdependence of financial behaviors and well-being within a couple, which may be a more relevant unit of financial decisions. To address this gap, we examined middle-aged couples’ financial behaviors and satisfaction, using a sample of 1,111 couples (age 51–59) from the 2014 Korean Baby Boomer Panel Study (KBBPS). Wives showed consistently higher levels of financial behaviors in (a) recognizing financial status, (b) planning and monitoring financial goals, and (c) building and maintaining household wealth. Korean Baby Boomer couples also showed substantial within-couple similarity in planning and monitoring financial goals (ICC = .51) and building and maintaining household wealth (ICC = .65)—whereas they showed less shared awareness of household financial status (ICC = .23) between spouses. Results from the Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIM) revealed that beyond one’s own financial behaviors, their spouses’ financial behaviors were associated with higher financial satisfaction for both husbands and wives (partner effect). Further, intra-couple differences in financial behaviors were associated with lower financial satisfaction only for wives. These findings highlight the importance of shared process of financial decision making for financial well-being among couples in middle and later life.