bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPOLITE READER’S RESPONSES ON ONLINE BBC NEWS COMMENTS
Authors: SUHAILA IZZATI SUHAILA 
Published: January 2023

Objective: This research was titled “Impolite Reader’s Responses on Online BBC News Comments”. This research found out the impoliteness strategies on BBC News comments.
Materials and Methods. The research used a qualitative method. The data were the BBC News Comments. The data were analyzed by the theory of Culpeper.
Results. Based on the data analysis found that the data of impoliteness strategy consisted of fifty responses, such as positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm and mock, and bald on record. Positive impoliteness strategy gained 26 utterances (54%) which contained 7 utterances (14%) for inappropriate identity markers, 6 (12%) for ignorance, 4 (8%) utterances for discussing a sensitive topic, 2 utterances (4%) for each secretive language and taboo words, and only one (2%) utterance for disinterested. Then, it was followed by a negative impoliteness strategy that gained 16 utterances (30%), which contained 8 utterances (16%) for condescending, 5 utterances (10%) for explicitly associating, and 2 utterances (4%) for frightened. While, sarcasm and mock gained 6 utterances (12%), and bald on record only gained 2 utterances (4%) for dismissal.

Conclusion. The use of the impoliteness strategy in this data conveys an impolite response by using some of the characteristics of the impoliteness strategy. From all types of impoliteness, with-holding impoliteness strategy can’t be found in this research because it should be mostly found in direct two-way interactions rather than responses in the commentary column.
Analisis Perbedaan Generator Dan Effisiensi Gear Ratio PLTMH Vortex Turbine Di Waduk Desa Bujel
Authors: Karimatun  , Muh Qidam Agwalul Santoso  
Published: January 2023

Kebutuhan energi sangat diperlukan oleh masyarakat modern di era digital seperti saat ini. Energi yang sangat banyak digunakan saat ini adalah energi fosil, hal ini membuat energi fosil bisa habis kapan saja. Oleh karena itu energi alternatif sangat dibutuhkan terutama energi dari alam. Indonesia sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkannya pembangkit listrik tenaga air, hal itu terjadi karena indonesia mempunyai iklim tropis dengan curah hujan yang sangat tinggi dan mengakibatkan banyaknya sungai dengan aliran yang cukup deras. Tempat penelitian berada di desa Bujel yang ada di kecamatan Ngimbang kabupaten Lamongan. Generator DC lebih unggul ini dikarenakan generator DC yang digunakan adalah generator low rpm jadi dengan rpm rendah bisa mempunyai tingkat tegangan yang lebih tinggi yaitu 25V, sedangkan untuk generaor AC mempunyai tegangan maksimal 11V. Jika dilihat dari tingkat standar effisiensinya turbin air sebesar 70-90% maka generator kedua generator bisa dikatakan effisien karena beban yang digunakan cuma resistor 50Ω. Pemilihan rasio gear juga mempengaruhi nilai effisiensi dari sebuah turbin air karena itu penelitian ini akan meneliti tentang perbedaan rasio gear yaitu 46:16, 46:18, 46:20. Dari hasil uji coba ketiga gear tersebut gear dengan rasio 46 : 16 mempunyai tingkat rpm yang tinggi sebesar 468 rpm.
EVALUATING LEGAL ENGLISH MAJOR FRESHMEN’S PERSPECTIVES TOWARDS LISTENING STRATEGIES THROUGH FLIPPED LEARNING MODEL
Authors: Duong Linh , Vu Tuan 
Published: January 2023

Listening skill plays an important role in students’ learning process and in the communication process. With effective listening strategies, students would have better chance to improve their listening comprehension. Accordingly, this study aims to explore first year legal English-major students' tendency in using listening strategies, the problems that they encounter during the process, and students’ feelings regarding the implementation of flipped learning method. By applying the quantitative method, a questionnaire survey was executed during a seven-day period. Due to the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, the survey was conducted online with the participation of 77 respondents. Findings show that listening strategies are employed with high frequency by first year legal English-major students at HLU. Moreover, results indicate that students still encounter difficulties upon implementing listening strategies and they are willing to study listening skill through flipped learning method. The study illustrates HLU English-major students’ tendency and perception of legal English listening learning strategies
during Covid-19 pandemic at HLU.
New particle formation and growth during summer in an urban environment: a dual chamber study
Authors: Jorga Spiro D. , Florou Kalliopi , Patoulias David , Pandis Spyros N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Nucleation and subsequent growth are a major source of new particles in many environments, but the pollutants involved and the details of the corresponding processes are still under debate. While sulfuric acid has a
major role in new particle formation under a lot of conditions, the role of
ammonia, amines, and organic vapors is less clear. In most continental areas,
new particle formation is quite frequent especially on relatively clean,
sunny days when there is some sulfur dioxide available. In parts of the Eastern
Mediterranean even if all the previous requirements are satisfied, new
particle formation events are relatively rare during summertime. In this work, we take advantage of this unexpected low, new particle formation frequency in Greece and use a dual atmospheric simulation chamber
system with starting point ambient air in an effort to gain insight about
the chemical species that is limiting nucleation in this area. A potential
nucleation precursor, ammonia, was added in one of the chambers, while the
other one was used as a reference. Three different types of outcomes were
observed: new particle formation only in the perturbed chamber, new particle formation in both chambers, and no observed new particle formation. The addition of ammonia assisted in new particle formation in almost 50 % of the experiments conducted. The growth rate of the newly formed particles ranged from 3–11 nm h−1, with particles reaching a diameter of 20–25 nm after a few hours. The nucleation rate was estimated using an aerosol dynamics model and was found to be in the range of 500 to 25 000 particles cm−3 h−1 in the different experiments. These results support the hypothesis that ammonia at levels of several ppb can accelerate or even cause new particle formation, at least in the environment of the Eastern Mediterranean.
True eddy accumulation – Part 2: Theory and experiment of the short-time eddy accumulation method
Authors: Emad Anas , Siebicke Lukas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. A new variant of the eddy accumulation method for measuring atmospheric exchange is derived, and a prototype sampler is evaluated.
The new method, termed short-time eddy accumulation (STEA), overcomes the requirement of fixed accumulation intervals in the true eddy accumulation method (TEA) and enables the sampling system to run in a continuous flow-through mode.
STEA enables adaptive time-varying accumulation intervals, which improves the system's dynamic range and brings many advantages to flux measurement and calculation. The STEA method was successfully implemented and deployed to measure CO2 fluxes over an agricultural field in Braunschweig, Germany.
The measured fluxes matched very well against a conventional eddy covariance system (slope of 1.04, R2 of 0.86).
We provide a detailed description of the setup and operation of the STEA system in the continuous flow-through mode, devise an empirical correction for the effect of buffer volumes, and describe the important considerations for the successful operation of the STEA method. The STEA method reduces the bias and uncertainty in the measured fluxes compared to conventional TEA and creates new ways to design eddy accumulation systems with finer control over sampling and accumulation.
The results encourage the application of STEA for measuring fluxes of more challenging atmospheric constituents such as reactive species.
This paper is Part 2 of a two-part series on true eddy accumulation.
Contribution of cryosphere to runoff in the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and arid region based on environmental isotopes
Authors: Gui Juan , Li Zongxing , Feng Qi , Cui Qiao , Xue Jian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. As the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and arid region, the Qilian Mountains are important ecological barriers and source regions of inland rivers in northwest China. In recent decades, drastic changes in the cryosphere have had a considerable impact on the formation process of water resources in the Qilian Mountains. In this study, 2164 environmental isotope samples were used to quantify the runoff components of 11 major rivers in the Qilian Mountains and investigate the influence of cryosphere changes on mountain runoff. The results show that the mountain runoff primarily originates in the cryosphere belt, which contributes approximately 82 %, 71 %, and 80 % to the Hexi inland water system, the upper stream of the Yellow River system, and the Qinghai inland river system, respectively. The maximum contribution ratio of glacier and snow meltwater to runoff occurred in May. The contribution of supra-permafrost water to runoff gradually increased from May and reached approximately 40 % in some rivers in October. Cryosphere degradation in the Qilian Mountains after the 1990s has caused a rapid increase in runoff, changes in the peak runoff time, and an increase in winter runoff. These changes in the hydrological processes bring opportunities and challenges to managing inland river water resources, and various adaptive measures to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages have been proposed. The findings from the environmental isotope analysis provide insights into understanding water resources and realizing the nexus of life, agriculture, industry, and ecological water use.
A note on the Seidel and Seidel Laplacian matrices
Authors: Askari Jalal 
Published: January 2023

In this paper we investigate the spectrum of the Seidel and Seidel Laplacian matrix of a graph. We generalized the concept of Seidel Laplacian matrix which denoted by Seidel matrix and obtained some results related to them. This can be intuitively understood as a consequence of the relationship between the Seidel and Seidel Laplacian matrix in the graph by Zagreb index. In closing, we mention some alternatives to and generalization of the Seidel and Seidel Laplacian matrices. Also, we obtain relation between Seidel and Seidel Laplacian energy, related to all graphs with order n.
FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022TM stadium patient evacuation: A system testing simulation-based exercise
Authors: Gangaram Padarath , Thomson Wayne , Morris Brendon , Alinier Guillaume 
Published: January 2023

Background: As the State of Qatar is soon to host the Federation International of Football Associations (FIFA) 2022 World Cup tournament, the health sector has also been preparing for the event to increase its capacity to meet the expected additional health demand. The readiness of the health sector is being tested and improved through a number of simulation-based exercises. In this case, it relates to testing in a realistic manner the complete evacuation process of a patient using two very different modes of transportation, from a distant FIFA stadium up to the handover phase in the main trauma center in the State of Qatar.
Method: In this controlled simulation-based pilot study, the total evacuation time of a patient from the 60,000-fan capacity Al Bayt Stadium (ABS), situated in a rural northern part of Qatar, to Hamad General Hospital (HGH) Trauma Resuscitation Unit (TRU) situated approximately 50 km away, was compared when transported by helicopter and by ambulance. The Scenario for the simulation was based on a player who sustained a fractured lower leg and a concussion during a football match and needed urgent evacuation from the ABS Players’ Medical Clinic near Al Khor to HGH in Doha. The same Scenario was enacted twice, the first time with a ground Hamad Medical Corporation Ambulance Service (HMCAS) ambulance and the second time with an HMCAS LifeFlight helicopter.
Results: The transportation phase for Scenario 2 (LifeFlight helicopter) was 63% faster than for Scenario 1 (ground ambulance). However, upon arrival at HGH, the patient arrived sooner at the TRU in Scenario 1 compared with Scenario 2. The overall mission time was thus only 6 minutes and 22 seconds faster by LifeFlight helicopter as compared with the ground ambulance.
Conclusions: According to this simulation-based pilot study, using a helicopter to transport patients 50 km from the ABS 2022 FIFA World Cup stadium to the HGH TRU was only marginally faster by helicopter than using a ground-based ambulance. In addition, the ambulance was not using emergency driving operations, which when used would have further reduced the time taken for the ambulance to reach HGH TRU. Therefore, having a helicopter on standby there would not significantly improve the transport time of a critically ill/injured patient’s access to definitive care and will not be available during the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022TM unless it is called upon to respond to a mass casualty incident or bring additional Critical Care Paramedic resources to the stadium.
Paradoxos da gastronomização da Cuca (Kuchen): O esvaziamento da comida tradicional a serviço da invenção de uma identidade europeizada no Médio Vale do Itajaí
Authors: Matthes Daniela , Spiess Maiko , Mattedi Marcos 
Published: January 2023

Contexto: Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender o fenômeno da gastronomização da Cuca (Kuchen) contextualizado em relação à criação de uma identidade europeizada com fins publicitários e turísticos no Médio Vale do Itajaí (microrregião localizada no sul do Brasil). A Cuca (Kuchen) é uma comida étnica que resguarda tradições e importância identitária tanto às comunidades rurais quanto urbanas. Para tal, Empregou-se uma combinação de diferentes recursos metodológicos: etnografia, com entrevistas a oito moradores dessa microrregião e observação participante; pesquisas documental e bibliográfica. Resultados: Conclui-se que ao ser retirada da esfera doméstica, a Cuca (Kuchen) é alçada a atrativo turístico por meio de um processo compreendido como sendo a gastronomização. Ao se aplicar verniz publicitário com ideais turísticos, esvazia-se as tradições impelidas a esta comida considerada emblemática aos descendentes de imigrantes germânicos, embora não só a estes. Especialmente quando são desconsiderados nesses processos os camponeses enquanto integrantes do sistema alimentar tradicional desse território.
The Use of Code Swtiching by Chef Juna and Deddy Corbuzier in Deddy Corbuzier Podcast
Authors: Nisicha Theresya Grace , Marpaung Marlin Steffi 
Published: January 2023

Code-switching has become a characteristic or pattern of communicative change in contemporary generation. This effect occurs in Indonesian culture, which was acculturated with a foreign language, and code-switching can let them construct a simple phrase to declare that is not available in their own language. It is frequently heard on various national entertainment shows, by content producers on YouTube, and in podcasts. The main objective of this research paper is to explicate which type and kind of code switching is more widespread when the two speakers speak in Deddy Corbuzier's podcast. This study collects data using qualitative methodologies for sociolinguistic phenomena and documentation procedures. In this study, Poplack theory is applied to examine the different forms of code switching. The authors encountered three patterns of code-switching: Tag-switching, inter-sentential code-switching, and intra-sentential code-switching are part of code-switching. Based upon the outcomes of the data acquired from the Deddy Corbuzier Podcast, the researchers summarize that the form of switching code that is most commonly employed in communication is Inter Sentential Code Switching.
Buruh Migran Timor: Sebab, Jejaring dan Risiko (Studi Kasus Desa Silu, Kabupaten Kupang, NTT)
Authors: Robot Marselus , Lambe Aris , Syamsuriady Syamsuriady , Margareta Karus Maria , Ande Andereas 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penyebab, jejaring, dan risiko migran asal Timor dengan studi kasus di Desa Silu, Kecamatan Fatule’u, Kabupaten Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Studi lapangan menggunakan strategi etnografi. Metode ini meminta peneliti untuk menetap lama di lapangan karena tidak hanya memgumpulkan data, tetapi harus mengalami data. Etnografi dalam konteks fenomenologi menekankan penyelidikan peristiwa sosial dari sudut pandang “pribumi atau “orang dalam”. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Penyebab migran asal Desa Silu adalah ekonomi. Migran sangat sulit bertahan hidup di daerahnya. Mereka berusaha mencari pekerjaan di luar negeri untuk memenuhi kebutuhan: (a) untuk mempertahankan hidup, (b) menyekolahkan anak, dan (c) urusan lain seperti adat. (2) Migran asal Desa Silu melakukan perjalanan umumnya mengambil jalur ilegal melalui calo atau agen ilegal. Pemilihan jalur ini disebabkan oleh: (a) dianggap lebih sederhana (tidak rumit), atau dianggap paling mudah. Pihak perusahaan pengirim migran yang memberikan biaya perjalanan dan membiayai dokumen (pasport). (3) Migran asal Silu, Kabupaten Kupang) mengalamai risiko yang disebabkan: (a) kurangnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan (bahasa, keterampilan, budaya). Keadaan ini menjadi rentan dari kekerasan seperti penyiksaan, sering mereka tidak mendapat gaji karena atau mengurangi honor karena harus mengembalikan sebagian uang transport dan uang pengurusan paspor atau dokumen lainnya; (b) migran Desa Silu yang umumnya mengabil jalur ilegal sehingga mengalami kesulitan mencari solusi bila mereka mengalami masalah di tempat kerja.
Student Feedbacks on the Use of Technology in Learning Spanish
Authors: Husain Salina , Darmi Ramiza , Mohd Jalis Farhana Muslim , Mohd Nor Mariyati , Ismail Radhiah 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak
Sistem pendidikan pada masa sekarang telah melalui satu fasa tranformasi ke arah pembelajaran berasaskan teknologi. Banyak pendekatan teknologi sudah diaplikasikan dalam pembelajaran sama ada di peringkat sekolah mahupun universiti. Penggunaan media baharu seakan-akan menjadi satu trend, kesan daripada pandemik Covid 19 yang melanda dunia pada masa sekarang. Pelajar telah didedahkan dengan platform atas talian seperti zoom, webex, you tube, Instagram, facebook, tik tok dan sebagainya untuk membuat persembahan tugasan. Oleh yang demikian, dalam kertas kerja ini akan melihat maklum balas pelajar terhadap penggunaan teknologi dalam pembelajaran bahasa Sepanyol peringkat asas di Universiti Putra Malaysia. Seramai 104 pelajar memberi maklum balas berkaitan dengan kepuasaan mereka mempelajari bahasa Sepanyol melalui penggunaan teknologi seperti you tube. Selain itu aplikasi atas talian untuk tujuan pembelajaran juga diperkenalkan seperti wordwall, duolingo, lingua.com, spanishspanish.com dan studyspanish.com. Objektif kajian adalah bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti pendekatan teknolgi digunakan dan menganalisis maklum balas pelajar terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Sepanyol berdasarkan penilaian pengajaran yang perlu dibuat. Secara rumusan berdasarkan hasil dapatan, kebanyakkan pelajar sangat berpuas hati dengan pendekatan teknologi yang digunakan oleh pensyarah.
Persepsi Guru Besar Dalam Penyeliaan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Di Sekolah-Sekolah Agama Di Negara Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Julaihi Doriani , Pg Haji Petra Pg Nur Ashikin 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti persepsi guru besar dalam penyeliaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di sekolah-sekolah ugama di Negara Brunei Darussalam. Guru besar sebagai penyelia hendaklah mempunyai ilmu pengetahuan, berkemahiran, bertanggungjawab dan memberikan perkhidmatan yang bermutu tinggi, dedikasi, terlatih dalam tugas-tugas mentadbir, bertaqwa, beriman, bersabar, bermurah hati dan sentiasa bersifat tenang dalam apa keadaan sekalipun. Populasi kajian terdiri daripada 77 orang guru besar daripada lima zon sekolah ugama. Kajian ini berbentuk kuantitatif dengan menggunakan soal selidik yang telah dibina dan di ubahsuai sebagai alat pengumpul data. Data analisis menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Science PC 11.5 For Windows melalui kaedah deskriptif. Dapatan kajian keseluruhan menunjukkan satu dapatan yang positif bahawa penyeliaan bertujuan untuk memenuhi kehendak profesionalisme dan persepsi keguruan agar matlamat sekolah dan pendidikan dapat dilaksanakan dengan berkesan.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BEASIC LEARNING PADA MATA PELAJARAN FIQH DI MTsN 3 ACEH BARAT”.
Authors: Rahimi  
Published: January 2023

This research was conducted at MTsN 3 Aceh Barat for 6 weeks with a quantitative method with analysis using a simple frequency distribution. Data collection techniques were taken by distributing questionnaires, interviews, observations, documentation and test instruments. The results showed that: first, the learning of fiqh at MTsN 3 Aceh Barat was going well because the teacher used various learning methods according to the teaching material and the evaluation of fiqh learning was carried out by giving assignments to students. Second, in applying the PBL learning model to fiqh subjects, the method used is to explain learning materials, group divisions, discuss, strengthen materials and conclude learning outcomes. Third, the PBL learning model has a very beneficial effect on students, namely making students more skilled, motivated, active and easy to understand the material. Fourth, the obstacles encountered during the learning process are diverse student abilities, lack of student focus in learning, limited learning time, students' physical conditions and classroom conditions.
Keywords: Problem Based Learning, Fiqh Learning.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan di MTsN 3 Aceh Barat selama 6 minggu dengan metode kuantitatif dengan analisis menggunakan distribusi frekuensi sederhana. Teknik pengumpulan data ditempuh dengan cara membagikan angket, wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan instrument tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: pertama, pembelajaran fiqih di MTsN 3 Aceh Barat sudah berjalan dengan baik karena guru menggunakan berbagai macam metode pembelajaran sesuai dengan materi ajar dan evalusi pembelajaran fiqih dilakukan dengan cara memberikan tugas-tugas kepada siswa. Kedua, dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran PBL pada mata pelajaran fiqih, cara yang ditempuh adalah menjelaskan materi pembelajaran, pembagian kelompok, berdiskusi, penguatan materi dan menyimpulkan hasil pembelajaran. Ketiga, model pembelajaran PBL memberikan pengaruh yang sangat bermanfaat kepada siswa yaitu membuat siswa lebih terampil, termotivasi, aktif dan mudah memahami materi. Keempat, hambatan yang terdapat selama proses pembelajaran adalah kemampuan siswa yang beragam, kurang fokusnya siswa dalam pembelajaran, waktu pembelajaran yang terbatas, kondisi fisik siswa dan kondisi kelas.
Kata kunci : Problem Based Learning, Pembelajaran Fiqih