bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Service Ladder service levels and sociodemographic factors with diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen , Weldetinsae Abel , Mengesha Sisay Derso , Adugna Ermias Alemayehu , Alemu Zinabu Assefa , Wagari Bedasa , Serte Melaku Gizaw , Awoke Kaleab Sebsibe , Bedada Tesfaye Legesse , Weldegebriel Mesaye Getachew , Dinssa Danial Abera , Alemayehu Tsigereda Assefa , Kenea Moa Abate , Tekulu Kirubel Tesfaye , Gobena Waktole , Fikresilassie Getinet , Wube Wendayehu , Melese Abayew Wassie , Redwan Ekram , Hoffmann Vivian , Tessema Masresha , Tollera Getachew 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the associations of WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Service Ladder service levels and sociodemographic factors with diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years in Bishoftu town, Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study.SettingBishoftu town, Ethiopia, January–February 2022.ParticipantsA total of 1807 mothers with at least one child under 5 years were included. Sociodemographic and WASH variables were collected using a structured questionnaire. 378 drinking water samples were collected.OutcomeThe response variable was diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years.ResultsThe 2-week prevalence of diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years was 14.8%. Illiteracy (adjusted OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.54 to 6.47), occupation (0.35; 0.20 to 0.62), mother’s age (1.63; 1.15 to 2.31), family size (2.38; 1.68 to 3.39), wealth index (5.91; 3.01 to 11.59), residence type (1.98; 1.35 to 2.90), sex of the child (1.62; 1.17 to 2.24), child’s age (3.52; 2.51 to 4.93), breastfeeding status (2.83; 1.74 to 4.59), food storage practice (3.49; 1.74 to 8.26), unimproved drinking water source (8.16; 1.69 to 39.46), limited drinking water service (4.68; 1.47 to 14.95), open defecation practice (5.17; 1.95 to 13.70), unimproved sanitation service (2.74; 1.60 to 4.67), limited sanitation service (1.71; 1.10 to 2.65), no hygiene service (3.43; 1.91 to 6.16) and limited hygiene service (2.13; 1.17 to 3.86) were significantly associated with diarrhoeal disease.ConclusionIn this study, diarrhoea among children is a significant health issue. Child’s age, drinking water service, residence type and hygiene service were the largest contributors with respect to the prevalence of diarrhoeal disease. This investigation provides information that could help to inform interventions to reduce childhood diarrhoea. The findings suggest that state authorities should initiate robust WASH strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3 agenda.
Comparison of diagnoses of early-onset sepsis associated with use of Sepsis Risk Calculator versus NICE CG149: a prospective, population-wide cohort study in London, UK, 2020–2021
Authors: Piyasena Chinthika , Galu Sorana , Yoshida Rie , Thakkar Devangi , O'Sullivan Joanna , Longley Catherine , Evans Katie , Sweeney Suzanne , Kendall Giles , Ben-Sasi Khadija , Richards Justin , Harris Chris , Jagodzinski Jenni , Demirjian Alicia , Lamagni Theresa , Le Doare Kirsty , Heath Paul T , Battersby Cheryl 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveWe sought to compare the incidence of early-onset sepsis (EOS) in infants ≥34 weeks’ gestation identified >24 hours after birth, in hospitals using the Kaiser Permanente Sepsis Risk Calculator (SRC) with hospitals using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance.Design and settingProspective observational population-wide cohort study involving all 26 hospitals with neonatal units colocated with maternity services across London (10 using SRC, 16 using NICE).ParticipantsAll live births ≥34 weeks’ gestation between September 2020 and August 2021.Outcome measuresEOS was defined as isolation ofa bacterial pathogen in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture from birth to 7 days of age. We evaluated the incidence of EOS identified by culture obtained >24 hours to 7 days after birth. We also evaluated the rate empiric antibiotics were commenced >24 hours to 7 days after birth, for a duration of ≥5 days, with negative blood or CSF cultures.ResultsOf 99 683 live births, 42 952 (43%) were born in SRC hospitals and 56 731 (57%) in NICE hospitals. The overall incidence of EOS (<72 hours) was 0.64/1000 live births. The incidence of EOS identified >24 hours was 2.3/100 000 (n=1) for SRC vs 7.1/100 000 (n=4) for NICE (OR 0.5, 95% CI (0.1 to 2.7)). This corresponded to (1/20) 5% (SRC) vs (4/45) 8.9% (NICE) of EOS cases (χ=0.3, p=0.59). Empiric antibiotics were commenced >24 hours to 7 days after birth in 4.4/1000 (n=187) for SRC vs 2.9/1000 (n=158) for NICE (OR 1.5, 95% CI (1.2 to 1.9)). 3111 (7%) infants received antibiotics in the first 24 hours in SRC hospitals vs 8428 (15%) in NICE hospitals.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the incidence of EOS identified >24 hours after birth between SRC and NICE hospitals. SRC use was associated with 50% fewer infants receiving antibiotics in the first 24 hours of life.
Protocol: carrageenan for the prevention of oral HPV infection – a feasibility randomised clinical trial
Authors: Alli Babatunde Y , Madathil Sreenath , Tran Simon D , Nicolau Belinda 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionHead and neck cancers (HNCs) are a significant health burden worldwide. Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major risk factor for HNCs. Unfortunately, currently available prophylactic vaccines have limited coverage and potential for HPV type replacement. Carrageenan, a natural product extracted from marine red algae, has demonstrated potency as an HPV inhibitor and could offer a potential alternative to prevent HPV-related diseases, including oral HPV infection. However, there is a lack of clinical studies on the effect of carrageenan on oral HPV infections. As a first step to address this gap, we propose a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a larger multicentric RCT to investigate the effect of a carrageenan mouthwash on oral HPV infection.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a placebo-controlled triple-blinded feasibility RCT with two parallel arms, each arm consisting of 20 participants. Participants will complete a single in-person visit at baseline and conduct biweekly follow-ups from home by completing a web-based questionnaire and sending saliva self-samples via mail. During the 6-month period trial, participants will gargle with the mouthwash morning and night, and around sexual activities. The study will evaluate several factors including recruitment and retention rates, the feasibility of data collection procedures, compliance with study procedures, acceptability of RCT procedures and intervention and safety data on carrageenan use in the oral cavity. We will estimate the standard deviation of outcome measures, including time to the incidence of oral HPV infection and time to clearance of prevalent oral HPV infection. The trial primary outcome is whether to proceed to a definitive trial based on prespecified progression criteria.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the McGill University institutional review board. Study results will be presented at scientific conferences and published in academic journals.Trial registration numberNCT05746988.
Prevalence of swallow, communication, voice and cognitive compromise following hospitalisation for COVID-19: the PHOSP-COVID analysis
Authors: Dawson Camilla , Clunie Gemma , Evison Felicity , Duncan Sallyanne , Whitney Julie , Houchen-Wolloff Linzy , Bolton Charlotte E , Leavy Olivia C , Richardson Matthew , Omer Elneima , McAuley Hamish , Shikotra Aarti , Singapuri Amisha , Sereno Marco , Saunders Ruth M , Harris Victoria C , Greening Neil J , Nolan Claire Marie , Wootton Dan Gower , Daynes Enya , Donaldson Gavin , Sargent Jack , Scott Janet , Pimm John , Bishop Lettie , McNarry Melitta , Hart Nicholas , Evans Rachael A , Singh Sally , Yates Tom , Chalder Trudie , Man William , Harrison Ewen , Docherty Annemarie , Lone Nazir I , Quint Jennifer K , Chalmers James , Ho Ling-Pei , Horsley Alex Robert , Marks Michael , Poinasamy Krisnah , Raman Betty , Wain Louise V , Brightling Chris ,   PHOSP-COVID collaborative Group, Sharma Neil , Coffey Margaret , Kulkarni Amit , Wallace Sarah 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveIdentify prevalence of self-reported swallow, communication, voice and cognitive compromise following hospitalisation for COVID-19.DesignMulticentre prospective observational cohort study using questionnaire data at visit 1 (2–7 months post discharge) and visit 2 (10–14 months post discharge) from hospitalised patients in the UK. Lasso logistic regression analysis was undertaken to identify associations.Setting64 UK acute hospital Trusts.ParticipantsAdults aged >18 years, discharged from an admissions unit or ward at a UK hospital with COVID-19.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported swallow, communication, voice and cognitive compromise.ResultsCompromised swallowing post intensive care unit (post-ICU) admission was reported in 20% (188/955); 60% with swallow problems received invasive mechanical ventilation and were more likely to have undergone proning (p=0.039). Voice problems were reported in 34% (319/946) post-ICU admission who were more likely to have received invasive (p<0.001) or non-invasive ventilation (p=0.001) and to have been proned (p<0.001). Communication compromise was reported in 23% (527/2275) univariable analysis identified associations with younger age (p<0.001), female sex (p<0.001), social deprivation (p<0.001) and being a healthcare worker (p=0.010). Cognitive issues were reported by 70% (1598/2275), consistent at both visits, at visit 1 respondents were more likely to have higher baseline comorbidities and at visit 2 were associated with greater social deprivation (p<0.001).ConclusionSwallow, communication, voice and cognitive problems were prevalent post hospitalisation for COVID-19, alongside whole system compromise including reduced mobility and overall health scores. Research and testing of rehabilitation interventions are required at pace to explore these issues.
Early parental death and its association with children’s mental and economic well-being in adulthood: a nationwide population-based register study
Authors: Böckerman Petri , Haapanen Mika , Jepsen Christopher 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThis study examined the association between early parental death and children’s subsequent mental health, years of schooling, and labour-market outcomes (ie, employment and earnings) in adulthood.MethodsWe used nationwide register-based data for Finnish citizens born between 1971 and 1986 (n=962 350). Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine the association of early parental death before the age of 21 years with subsequent mental health and labour-market outcomes in adulthood at ages 26–30. The estimated models accounted for an extensive set of demographic and parental characteristics based on longitudinal register data.ResultsEarly-life parental death was found to be consistently associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation due to mental health disorders, higher use of mental health-related medications, and absence from work due to illness in adulthood. The associations were negative regardless of the gender of the child or parent, but the estimated odds ratios were usually quantitatively larger for males than females. When examining the type of outcome, we observed the largest quantitative effects were observed using substance-use disorders and intentional self-harm as outcomes. Moreover, we documented considerable reductions in years of schooling, employment, and earnings in adulthood.ConclusionsParental death before the age of 21 was significantly associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with a mental disorder and lower level of economic well-being measured by labour-market success in adulthood.
Factors affecting length and complexity of hospital stay in pediatric dog bite patients
Authors: Alessio-Bilowus Dominic , Kumar Nishant , Donoghue Lydia , Ridelman Elika , Shanti Christina 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundDog bite injuries are a source of significant morbidity and expense in the USA, and rates of hospitalization have been rising. Children are at increased risk of dog bites compared with adults, yet there is a lack of published material on factors affecting hospital course. The objective of this study is to explore factors associated with increased length of stay (LOS), more complex course of care and post-discharge return rates in this population.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of all patients presenting to our urban, academic children’s hospital for dog bite injuries between January 2016 and May 2021. Only those patients admitted for inpatient care were included, as identified through our institution’s trauma registry, and variables were examined prior to, during, and after hospital stay.Results739 pediatric patients in total were treated for dog bites during the study period, of which 349 were admitted. Analysis revealed two pre-admission predictors of increased LOS: bone fracture (mean LOS=5.3 days vs. 2.5 days, p=0.013) and prior medical comorbidity (4.3 days vs. 2.8 days, p=0.042). After admission, fractures were associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications (16% vs. 5.6%, p=0.014) and return (13% vs. 2.0%, p<0.001), primarily due to wound infection. Although the facial region represented the largest proportion of fractures, long bone fractures of the arm and leg were noted to have comparatively higher LOS and complication rates. Postoperative complications were not associated with any documented infection at admission.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that long bone fractures in pediatric dog bites can be an underappreciated source of latent wound infection associated with late-presenting negative outcomes. Increased awareness of these relationships could lead to earlier detection of infection in this vulnerable population.Level of evidenceLevel III, Prognostic / Epidemiological.
Polynomial solutions of generalized quartic anharmonic oscillators
Authors: Klink W. H. , Schweiger W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with the partial solution of the energy eigenvalue problem for generalized symmetric quartic oscillators. Algebraization of the problem is achieved by expressing the Schrödinger operator in terms of the generators of a nilpotent group, which we call the quartic group. Energy eigenvalues are then seen to depend on the values of the two Casimir operators of the group. This dependence exhibits a scaling law which follows from the scaling properties of the group generators. Demanding that the potential gives rise to polynomial solutions in a particular Lie algebra element puts constraints on the four potential parameters, leaving only two of them free. For potentials satisfying such constraints, at least one of the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions can be obtained in closed analytic form by pure algebraic means. With our approach, we extend the class of quasi-exactly solvable quartic oscillators which have been obtained in the literature by means of the more common $$\textrm{sl}(2,{\mathbb {R}})$$

sl
(
2
,
R
)

algebraization. Finally, we show how solutions of the generalized quartic oscillator problem give rise to solutions for a charged particle moving in particular non-constant electromagnetic fields.
The Synthesis Convolver
Authors: Bunton John D. 
Published: July 2023

A system, the synthesis convolver, is described that can process the output of an analysis filter bank and: • Reconstruct the analysis filter bank input signal, • Implement continuous convolution on the reconstructed signal, and • Resample the reconstructed signal to different sample rates. The synthesis convolver combines the capabilities of a synthesis filter bank and a continuous convolver. The synthesis convolver is based on earlier work but improves upon it, adding convolution and resampling. As well as reconstructing filterbank data, convolution allows dechirping of pulsar signals and resampling allows synthesized data to conform to the VLBI VDIF standard. The spectral overlap-add approach described, compared to earlier work, reduces errors and is more robust to channel gain errors. The system uses windows with smoothed or apodized edges, with the classical Tukey window being used previously. Here the Tukey window is generalized leading to a class of apodized windows. This class of windows is explored and one is found that is close to optimal in all conditions and can reduce errors by up to 40[Formula: see text]dB compared to an equivalent Tukey window. Achievable aliasing errors are lower than those of a standard polyphase synthesis filter bank. The synthesis convolver provides a high quality and versatile replacement for polyphase synthesis filter banks.
Coupling Conduction, Convection and Radiative Transfer in a Single Path-Space: Application to Infrared Rendering
Authors: Bati Mégane , Blanco Stéphane , Coustet Christophe , Eymet Vincent , Forest Vincent , Fournier Richard , Gautrais Jacques , Mellado Nicolas , Paulin Mathias , Piaud Benjamin 
Published: July 2023

In the past decades, Monte Carlo methods have shown their ability to solve PDEs, independently of the dimensionality of the integration domain and for different use-cases (e.g. light transport, geometry processing, physics simulation). Specifically, the path-space formulation of transport equations is a key ingredient to define tractable and scalable solvers, and we observe nowadays a strong interest in the definition of simulation systems based on Monte Carlo algorithms. We also observe that, when simulating combined physics (e.g. thermal rendering from a heat transfer simulation), there is a lack of coupled Monte Carlo algorithms allowing to solve all the physics at once, in the same path space, rather than combining several independent MC estimators, a combination that would make the global solver critically sensitive to the complexity of each simulation space. This brings to our proposal: a coupled, single path-space, Monte Carlo algorithm for efficient multi-physics problems solving.
In this work, we combine our understanding and knowledge of Physics and Computer Graphics to demonstrate how to formulate and arrange different simulation spaces into a single path space. We define a tractable formalism for coupled heat transfer simulation using Monte Carlo, and we leverage the path-space construction to interactively compute multiple simulations with different conditions in the same scene, in terms of boundary conditions and observation time. We validate our proposal in the context of infrared rendering with different thermal simulation scenarios: e.g., room temperature simulation, visualization of heat paths within materials (detection of thermal bridges), heat diffusion capacity of thermal exchanger. We expect that our theoretical framework will foster collaboration and multidisciplinary studies. The perspectives this framework opens are detailed and we suggest a research agenda towards the resolution of coupled PDEs at the interface of Physics and Computer Graphics.
Biallelic Dicer1 Mutations in the Gynecologic Tract of Mice Drive Lineage-Specific Development of DICER1 Syndrome–Associated Cancer
Authors: Wang Yemin , Chen Shary Yuting , Ta Monica , Senz Janine , Tao Lan Valerie , Thornton Shelby , Tamvada Nirupama , Yang Winnie , Moscovitz Yana , Li Eunice , Guo Jingjie , Shen Cindy , Douglas J. Maxwell , EI-Naggar Amal M. , Kommoss Felix K.F. , Underhill T. Michael , Singh Naveena , Gilks C. Blake , Morin Gregg B. , Huntsman David G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

DICER1 is an RNase III enzyme essential for miRNA biogenesis through cleaving precursor-miRNA hairpins. Germline loss-of-function DICER1 mutations underline the development of DICER1 syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that predisposes children to cancer development in organs such as lung, gynecologic tract, kidney, and brain. Unlike classical tumor suppressors, the somatic “second hit” in DICER1 syndrome–associated cancers does not fully inactivate DICER1 but impairs its RNase IIIb activity only, suggesting a noncanonical two-hit hypothesis. Here, we developed a genetically engineered conditional compound heterozygous Dicer1 mutant mouse strain that fully recapitulates the biallelic DICER1 mutations in DICER1 syndrome–associated human cancers. Crossing this tool strain with tissue-specific Cre strains that activate Dicer1 mutations in gynecologic tract cells at two distinct developmental stages revealed that embryonic biallelic Dicer1 mutations caused infertility in females by disrupting oviduct and endometrium development and ultimately drove cancer development. These multicystic tubal and intrauterine tumors histologically resembled a subset of DICER1 syndrome–associated human cancers. Molecular analysis uncovered accumulation of additional oncogenic events (e.g., aberrant p53 expression, Kras mutation, and Myc activation) in murine Dicer1 mutant tumors and validated miRNA biogenesis defects in 5P miRNA strand production, of which, loss of let-7 family miRNAs was identified as a putative key player in transcriptomic rewiring and tumor development. Thus, this DICER1 syndrome–associated cancer model recapitulates the biology of human cancer and provides a unique tool for future investigation and therapeutic development.

Significance:
Generation of a Dicer1 mutant mouse model establishes the oncogenicity of missense mutations in the DICER1 RNase IIIb domain and provides a faithful model of DICER1 syndrome–associated cancer for further investigation.
Next-Generation JAK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Lessons from Structure-Based Drug Discovery Approaches
Authors: Nair Pramod C. , Piehler Jacob , Tvorogov Denis , Ross David M. , Lopez Angel F. , Gotlib Jason , Thomas Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Selective inhibitors of Janus kinase (JAK) 2 have been in demand since the discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation present in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN); however, the structural basis of V617F oncogenicity has only recently been elucidated. New structural studies reveal a role for other JAK2 domains, beyond the kinase domain, that contribute to pathogenic signaling. Here we evaluate the structure-based approaches that led to recently-approved type I JAK2 inhibitors (fedratinib and pacritinib), as well as type II (BBT594 and CHZ868) and pseudokinase inhibitors under development (JNJ7706621). With full-length JAK homodimeric structures now available, superior selective and mutation-specific JAK2 inhibitors are foreseeable.

Significance:
The JAK inhibitors currently used for the treatment of MPNs are effective for symptom management but not for disease eradication, primarily because they are not strongly selective for the mutant clone. The rise of computational and structure-based drug discovery approaches together with the knowledge of full-length JAK dimer complexes provides a unique opportunity to develop better targeted therapies for a range of conditions driven by pathologic JAK2 signaling.