bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toripalimab plus chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Huo Gengwei , Liu Wenjie , Kang Shuo , Chen Peng 
Published: February 2023

Background: The potency and safety of toripalimab combination with chemotherapy (TC) as the first-line therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been demonstrated in the CHOICE-01 study. Our research explored whether TC was cost-effective compared to chemotherapy alone from the Chinese payer perspective.Materials and methods: Clinical parameters were obtained from a randomized, multicenter, registrational, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase III trial. Standard fee databases and previously published literature were used to determine costs and utilities. A Markov model with three mutually exclusive health statuses (progression-free survival (PFS), disease progression, and death) was used to predict the disease course. The costs and utilities were discounted at 5% per annum. The main endpoints of the model included cost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the uncertainty. Subgroup analyses were performed to verify the cost-effectiveness of TC in patients with squamous and non-squamous cancer.Results: TC combination therapy yielded an incremental 0.54 QALYs with an incremental cost of $11,777, compared to chemotherapy, giving rise to ICERs of $21,811.76/QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis revealed that TC was not favorable at 1 time GDP per capita. With a prespecified willingness-to-pay threshold (WTP) of three times the GDP per capita, combined treatment had a 100% probability of being cost-effective and had substantial cost-effectiveness in advanced NSCLC. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that TC was more likely to be accepted with a WTP threshold higher than $22,195 in NSCLC. Univariate sensitivity analysis showed that the utility of PFS state, crossover proportions of the chemotherapy arm, cost per cycle of pemetrexed treatment, and discount rate were the dominant influencing factors. Subgroup analyses found that in patients with squamous NSCLC, the ICER was $14,966.09/QALY. In the non-squamous NSCLC, ICER raised to $23,836.27/QALY. ICERs were sensitive to the variance of the PFS state utility. TC was more likely to be accepted when WTP increases exceeded $14,908 in the squamous NSCLC subgroup and $23,409 in the non-squamous NSCLC subgroup.Conclusion: From the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, TC may be cost-effective in individuals with previously untreated advanced NSCLC at the prespecified WTP threshold compared to chemotherapy, and more significant in individuals with squamous NSCLC, which will provide evidence for clinicians to make the best decisions in general clinical practice.
Six weeks of N-acetylcysteine antioxidant in drinking water decreases pathological fiber branching in MDX mouse dystrophic fast-twitch skeletal muscle
Authors: Redwan Asma , Kiriaev Leonit , Kueh Sindy , Morley John W. , Houweling Peter , Perry Ben D. , Head Stewart I. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: It has been proposed that an increased susceptivity to oxidative stress caused by the absence of the protein dystrophin from the inner surface of the sarcolemma is a trigger of skeletal muscle necrosis in the destructive dystrophin deficient muscular dystrophies. Here we use the mdx mouse model of human Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy to test the hypothesis that adding the antioxidant NAC at 2% to drinking water for six weeks will treat the inflammatory phase of the dystrophic process and reduce pathological muscle fiber branching and splitting resulting in a reduction of mass in mdx fast-twitch EDL muscles.Methods: Animal weight and water intake was recorded during the six weeks when 2% NAC was added to the drinking water. Post NAC treatment animals were euthanised and the EDL muscles dissected out and placed in an organ bath where the muscle was attached to a force transducer to measure contractile properties and susceptibility to force loss from eccentric contractions. After the contractile measurements had been made the EDL muscle was blotted and weighed. In order to assess the degree of pathological fiber branching mdx EDL muscles were treated with collagenase to release single fibers. For counting and morphological analysis single EDL mdx skeletal muscle fibers were viewed under high magnification on an inverted microscope.Results: During the six-week treatment phase NAC reduced body weight gain in three- to nine-week-old mdx and littermate control mice without effecting fluid intake. NAC treatment also significantly reduced the mdx EDL muscle mass and abnormal fiber branching and splitting.Discussion: We propose chronic NAC treatment reduces the inflammatory response and degenerative cycles in the mdx dystrophic EDL muscles resulting in a reduction in the number of complexed branched fibers reported to be responsible for the dystrophic EDL muscle hypertrophy.
How the home learning environment contributes to children’s social–emotional competence: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Li Shaomei , Tang Yu , Zheng Yuxin 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe home learning environment is the earliest contact learning environment in early childhood development, which plays an important role in the development of children’s social-emotional competence. However, previous studies have not clarified the precise mechanisms by which the home learning environment influences children’s social-emotional competence. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to explore the relationship between the home learning environment and its intrinsic structure (i.e. structural family characteristics, parental beliefs and interests, and the educational processes) and children’s social-emotional competence, and whether gender plays a moderating role in the relationship.MethodThe study randomly selected a sample of 443 children from 14 kindergartens in western China. The Home Learning Environment Questionnaire and the Chinese Inventory of Children’s Social-emotional competence scale were used to investigate the home learning environment and social-emotional competence of these children.Results(1) Structural family characteristics and parental beliefs and interests both had a significant positive predictive effect on children’s social-emotional competence. (2) The educational processes fully mediate between structural family characteristics, parental beliefs and interests, and children’s social-emotional competence. (3) Gender moderated the effect of the home learning environment on children’s social-emotional competence. Gender moderates not only the indirect effects between parental beliefs and interests and children’s social-emotional competence, but also the indirect effects between structural family characteristics and children’s social-emotional competence. At the same time, gender also moderated the direct effects between parental beliefs and interests and children’s social-emotional competence.DiscussionThe results emphasize the crucial role of the home learning environment in the development of children’s early social-emotional competence. Therefore, parents should pay attention to the home learning environment and improve their ability to create a home learning environment that promotes the positive development of children’s social-emotional competence.
Development and psychometric testing of a scale for assessing the psychological birth trauma
Authors: Zhang Ke , Wu Meiliyang , Zeng Tieying , Yuan Mengmei , Chen Ye , Yang Lingyan 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPsychological birth trauma is widespread in postpartum women, and its harms are serious to mothers’ health. Existing tools rely on posttraumatic stress disorder to evaluate, which cannot effectively evaluate its connotation. The aim of this study was to develop a new instrument for use to comprehensively assess the psychological birth trauma level of women after birth and test the scale’s psychometric properties.MethodsThe scale was developed and evaluated through item generation, expert consultation, pre-survey, and psychometric evaluation. A literature review, focus group, and individual deep semi-structured interviews were utilized to identify the scale items. The expert consultation evaluated the content validity. Psychometric testing was conducted in a convenience sample of 712 mothers within the first 72 h postpartum who were recruited from three hospitals in China.ResultsThe total Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.874. Exploratory factor analysis supported that the final scale consisted of four dimensions and fifteen items. The explanatory variance of the four factors was 66.724%. The four dimensions are named “being neglected,” “out of control,” “physiological emotional response,” and “cognitive behavioral response.” The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fit indices were all at acceptable and good levels.ConclusionThe 15-item Birth Trauma Scale is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the psychological trauma of mothers who experienced spontaneous childbirth. The scale is a maternal self-assessment scale that can help women understand their mental health. Healthcare providers can identify key populations and intervene with them.
Archaeological soil from Roman occupational layers can be differentiated by microbial and chemical signatures
Authors: Taylor Gillian , Williams Rhys , Halldórsdóttir Hrafnhildur Helga , Carter Ashleigh , Birley Andrew , Meyer Alexander , Orr Caroline Hayley 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionSoil at the Roman site of Vindolanda (Northumberland, UK) provides excellent preservation of wooden artefacts including Roman writing tablets.MethodsIn this study we examined chemical and microbial signature changes within varied occupation contexts of archaeological soil. Analysis included investigating elemental composition, sterol biomarkers, bacterial diversity and community structures from excavation trenches at Vindolanda using pXRF, GC-MS and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Samples were taken from varying depths starting at topsoil and working down through layers of Roman occupation including one cavalry stable floor, two infantry barracks and a cook house, and layers which contained Roman writing tablets.Results and DiscussionThe chemical results indicate that areas where wooden artefacts were found had increased soil moisture which was also correlated with specific chemical conditions including shifts in iron, sulphur and phosphorous concentration. Steroid biomarkers indicate the presence of faecal matter in layers, supporting occupation descriptions. Overall microbial diversity did not change across the depth profile but was correlated with soil moisture. Anaerobic soils associated with more optimal preservation differed to other soils with increases in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Campilobacterota and Bacteroidota observed. Microbial community structure and putative function as revealed by PICRUSt2 is linked to occupation usage rather than depth of samples with laminated floor layers differing from turf structures. Understanding the complex processes within archaeological soil can help us to understand dynamics of decomposition and preservation. In addition, the apparent preservation of the environmental microbial community as well as the artefacts themselves allows us to understand the microbial environments of the past, how they relate to the present and what this means for our changing environments in the future.
Is Following a Cancer-Protective Lifestyle Linked to Reduced Cancer Mortality Risk?
Authors: Suter Flurina , Karavasiloglou Nena , Braun Julia , Pestoni Giulia , Rohrmann Sabine 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: This study investigates the association between a cancer protective lifestyle (defined based on the revised World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) cancer prevention recommendations) and mortality in Switzerland.Methods: Based on the cross-sectional, population-based National Nutrition Survey, menuCH (n = 2057), adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations was assessed via a score. Quasipoisson regression models were fitted to examine the association of adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations with mortality at the Swiss district-level. Spatial autocorrelation was tested with global Moran’s I. Integrated nested Laplace approximation models were fitted when significant spatial autocorrelation was detected.Results: Participants with higher cancer prevention scores had a significant decrease in all-cause (relative risk 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.92, 0.99), all-cancer (0.93; 0.89, 0.97), upper aero-digestive tract cancer (0.87; 0.78, 0.97), and prostate cancer (0.81; 0.68, 0.94) mortality, compared to those with lower scores.Conclusion: The inverse association between adherence to the WCRF/AICR recommendations and mortality points out the potential of the lifestyle recommendations to decrease mortality and especially the burden of cancer in Switzerland.
Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Behavior of Cold Work Tool Steel
Authors: Essam Mahmoud A. , Shash Ahmed Y. , El-Fawakhry Mohamed Kamal , El-Kashif Emad , Megahed Hassan 
Published: February 2023

Shock resisting cold work tool steel is one of the most applicable steels for several applications such as cutting sheets, chisels, hammers, etc. It has been categorized according to its characteristic properties into different categories as hot and cold work tool steel. This work aims to study the effects of conventional and deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on shock-resistant cold work tool steel. In this study, three alloys were cast and prepared with different carbides forming elements such as vanadium (V) and niobium (Nb). The samples were quenched in water at 900 ℃ followed by a tempering treatment at 200 ℃ for 30 min. After quenching in water, the other samples were subjected to DCT at −196 ℃ for a 5-h soaking time, followed by tempering at 200 ℃ for 30 min. To study the wear behavior of the three heats, pin-on-disc tests were used, where the sliding speed was kept constant at a value of 0.5 m/s. The normal applied loads during the wear test were 50 N and 100 N. In order to understand the wear behavior, wear tracks were studied by scanning electron microscopy, coefficient of friction and weight loss were evaluated. The results showed that the lowest average coefficient of friction was achieved by a sample of steel 3 with quenching + DCT at a load of 100 N of load by value of 0.33. A sample of steel 3 at load 50 N achieved the lowest weight loss by using DCT plus tempering. On the other hand, a sample of steel 3 achieved the lowest weight loss at 100 N by using quenching + DCT.
A botanical name for a well-known Hylotelephium (Crassulaceae) hybrid
Authors: Shaw Julian M. H. , Stephenson Ray 
Published: February 2023

A widespread hybrid of Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H.Ohba × H. telephium subsp. maximum (L.) H.Ohba (Crassulaceae), is commonly referred to by a cultivar name, ‘Herbstfreude’. A binomial, Hylotelephium × mottramianum J.M.H. Shaw & R. Stephenson is provided for the nothospecies.
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kinerja Pelaku Ekowisata Kampung Kopi Mekarbuana-Karawang
Authors: Nandang Nandang 
Published: February 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompetensi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kinerja pelaku ekowisata Kampung Kopi Mekarbuana Kab. Karawang. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis jalur. Sumber penelitian ini menggunakan data primer. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 35 responden dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa baik secara simultan maupun parsial terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara kompetensi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kinerja pelaku ekowisata Kampung Kopi Mekarbuana – Karawang. Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan katagori sedang antara kompetensi dan Kualitas Pelayanan pelaku ekowisata Kampung Kopi. Nilai pengaruh langsung variabel Kompetensi terhadap Kinerja pelaku ekowisata sebesar 0,159 dan pengaruh tidak langsung sebesar 0,073. Sehingga nilai total pengaruh sebesar 0,232. Nilai pengaruh langsung variabel Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kinerja pelaku ekowisata sebesar 0,186 dan pengaruh tidak langsung sebesar 0,073. Sehingga nilai total pengaruh sebesar 0,259. Nilai pengaruh total dari variabel Kompetensi dan Kualitas Pelayanan sebesar 0,491 menunjukan secara simultan variabel Kompetensi dan Kualitas Pelayanan berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja pelaku ekowisata sebesar 49,1% sehingga sisanya 50,09 % dipengaruhi variabel lain yang tidak diukur dalam penelitian.
Agglomeration of aerosol using small equipment with two small aerial ultrasonic sources
Authors: Ono Yuki , Asami Takuya , Miura Hikaru 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We have developed an ultrasonic agglomeration device that is considerably smaller than previous devices. We used a round-groove small aerial ultrasonic source, which is a compact, intense aerial source of ultrasonic waves. This ultrasonic source generates a large transverse vibration displacement using a circular vibrating plate with a round groove near the tip of the transmission rod, and it produces intense sound waves perpendicular to the vibration plane. In this paper, a compact agglomeration device containing two round-groove small aerial ultrasonic sources was developed, and the agglomeration efficiency was investigated by varying the volume of the device and the input power to the ultrasonic source. The results showed that although this device is small, it has a sufficient agglomeration effect.
Resistive-switching behavior in stacked graphene diode
Authors: Ohi Motoki , Fukunaga Fumiya , Murakami Hayate , Kageshima Hiroyuki , Ohno Yasuhide , Nagase Masao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, stacked graphene diodes were fabricated via direct bonding using single-crystal graphene on a SiC substrate. Switching and S-shaped negative resistance were observed in the junction electrical properties measured via the 4-terminal configuration. The high-resistance state switched to the low-resistance state after applying a maximum junction voltage of ∼10 V. In the high-bias voltage region, the junction voltage decreased from the maximum junction voltage to a few volts, indicating a negative resistance. In the high-resistance state, junction conductance was nearly constant at 0.13 mS. Electrical conductance in the high-bias region was expressed using an exponential function with an exponent of −1.26. Therefore, the fabricated stacked graphene diode with a simple device structure demonstrated strong nonlinear electrical properties with negative differential conductance.
SOLUSI ALAMI MENURUNKAN DEMAM PADA ANAK DENGAN EKSTRAK BAWANG MERAH (ALLIUM ASCALONICUM L)
Authors: Rosyida Desta Ayu Cahya , Khoirul Waroh Yuni , Setiawandari  , Latifah Anik , Valencia Cantika Putri Susanto  , Fitri Ayu Ila Rohmatika  
Published: February 2023

Demam merupakan suatu kondisi dimana suhu tubuh pada anak di atas normal yaitu di atas 37,9 °C. Demam diakibatkan karena perubahan pada pusat panas yaitu termoregulasi yang terdapat di hipotalamus. Demam disebabkan karena adanya bakteri, infeksi, virus yang masuk dalam tubuh. Apabila demam ini tidak segera di tangani maka akan mengakibatkan kejang pada anak. Bawang merah adalah suatu bahan alami yang bisa menjadi pendamping terapi pada penurunan suhu tubuh pada anak yang mengalami demam. Bawang merah memiliki kandungan senyawa katif yaitu Difenil-amina, sikloaliin, floroglusinol, kaemferol, dialil-trisulfida, prostaglandin A-1, adenosin, alliin sebagai penurun demam. Solusi alami yang ditawarkan pada PkM ini adalah dengan memanfaatkan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum, shallot) yang dibentuk gell sebagai alternatih penurun deman anak.
Metode dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dengan perisiapan, pelaksanaan dengan pembuatan gell bawang merah dengan cara di destilasi, demontrasi dan pendampingan terhadap Ikatan Wanita PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya dalam penatalaksanaan.
Hasil didaptakan bahwa perseta PkM mampu mengaplikasikan di rumah dengan pemberian gel bawang merah sebagai solusi apabila ada keluar yang demam tarutama anak. Kesimpulan Gel bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum, shallot) bermanfaat sebagai penurun demam pada anak.
A ESCOLHA PELO MODELO DE ORGANIZAÇÕES SOCIAIS NO FINANCIAMENTO DE CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO
Authors: Cabello Andrea , Vieira Natália 
Published: February 2023

A criação de Organizações Sociais (OSs) no Brasil está vinculada a uma série de reformas estruturais ocorridas na década de 1990. Elas foram adotadas principalmente na área da Saúde nos estados e municípios e, no Governo Federal na Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I). Em 2022, haviam 6 OSs de CT&I vinculadas ao Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI). O artigo faz uma análise do impacto da adoção dessa forma de gestão no financiamento de nessa area, considerando a experiência internacional.
Abiotic status of Song river and its relations to zoo and phytoplankton at Nepali farm (Dchradun)
Authors: Vishnoi Unnati , Chandra Kumar S. , Matta Gagan 
Published: February 2023

Water sample were collected from Song River during pre-autumn to post-autumn seasons 2006. This study indicates the direct relationship among various physico-chemical parameters like water temperature, free carbon di oxide, Transparency, DO, BOD, COD, Hardness and Phosphate, an inverse relationship was found between, DO and BOD, DO and COD during course of the study.
Grafting of Poly (Acrylic Acid) onto Cassia fistula Seed Gum: Synthesis, Optimization, and Characterization
Authors: Changder Abhijit , Paul Riyasree , Ghosh Ananya , Sarkar Saurav , Nandi Gouranga , Ghosh Lakshmi Kanta 
Published: February 2023

Aim: This study aimed to synthesize a natural polysaccharide-based semisynthetic mucoadhesive and sustained-release copolymer.
Background: Natural polysaccharides have been preferred as drug carriers because of their abundance, easy availability, low cost, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and physiochemical compatibility. But sometimes they need to be chemically functionalized in order to impart some physiochemical properties for the customization of drug delivery.
Objective: The objective was to graft poly (sodium acrylate) onto Cassia fistula seed gum and the characterizations of the derived copolymer.
Method: CFSG-grafted-poly (sodium acrylate) (CFSG-g-PSA) was synthesized by microwave-assisted free-radical initiation method using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a free-radical initiator. The concentration of acrylic acid (AA), ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), and microwave-irradiation time (MW) were taken as independent synthetic variables. Synthesis was designed by 23 full factorial designs with two levels of each variable. %grafting, % grafting efficiency and % conversion was taken as response variables. ANOVA and numerical optimization were done using Design-Expert Software (version 11.0) to obtain the optimized synthetic condition. The copolymer was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR, viscosity, DSC, TGA-DTA, PXRD, SEM, water-uptake, and biodegradation study.
Results: Elemental analysis, FTIR, and NMR study ratified the formation of the copolymer. The highest % of grafting was found to be 790% in this study. The combination of microwave irradiation and CAN have shown a synergistic effect on % grafting and % grafting efficiency. Software-based numerical optimization finds the S1 batch as the best synthetic batch (790%G) with 10 g AA, 0.5 g CAN, and 1 min MW. The study also exhibits the biodegradation nature of the copolymer in a simulated colonic environment.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates the synthesis of graft-copolymer by simple, easy, rapid, and one-pot method without the use of any sophisticated instrument and nitrogen environment.