bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Tropical Easterly Jet on the Bay of Bengal’s Tropical Cyclones: Observed Climatology and Future Projection
Authors: Fahad Abdullah A. , Reale Oreste , Molod Andrea , Sany Tahmidul Azom , Ahammad Md Tashin , Menemenlis Dimitris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are among the most devastating events in nature, significantly influencing human life. They affect the region between April and December, being separated into two distinct phases: the premonsoon (April–June, AMJ) and postmonsoon (October–December, OND), with little activity during the monsoon peak. In this article, the influence of the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) on the observed BoB TC activity, and the expected changes under global warming conditions, are investigated using reanalyses and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) models. The general assumption is that TC activity should increase in response to warmer sea surface temperature (SST). However, several dynamical processes are needed to create organized convection, which is a prerequisite for TC development. The results show that the frequency and accumulated energy should decrease in the future (2020–49), compared to the historical climate (1950–79), during both phases. However, the northern BoB TCs’ intensity increases during OND. The change of the mean TEJ and intermittent shear relaxations in the future climate are found to play a major role in the change of TC activity rather than the SST. During AMJ, a southward shift of the mean TEJ and its intermittent shear relaxations are associated with reduced TC activity. During OND, the decrease of the frequency of TEJ and subtropical jet (STJ) intermittent shear relaxations are associated with the reduction of TC activity. This study clarifies the importance of both the mean and intermittency of the TEJ in determining the future of TC activity in the BoB.
Influence of the Late-Winter North Atlantic Tripole Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on Spring Land Surface Temperature in Mid-to-High Latitudes of Western Eurasia
Authors: Song Yidi , Chen Haishan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The spring land surface temperature (LST) over western Eurasia, which is critical for ensuring food security, shows a clear interannual variability. Based on reanalysis data and numerical simulations, we investigated the potential influencing factors and the related mechanisms of spring LST variability in mid-to-high latitudes of western Eurasia (MHWEA). The results show that the North Atlantic tripole sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in February, which persist into spring, can significantly affect the spring LST variability over MHWEA. Analyses indicate that the positive phase of the North Atlantic tripole SSTAs pattern tends to increase the meridional SST gradient between positive SSTAs over the midlatitude North Atlantic and negative SSTAs over the south of Greenland, which strengthens the low-level atmospheric baroclinicity and thus induces more active transient eddy activities. Correspondingly, a Rossby wave train triggered by the eddy-mediated processes originates from the North Atlantic and propagates downstream, thereby causing anomalous anticyclonic circulation over MHWEA. Meanwhile, the westerly anomalies over the subpolar North Atlantic accelerate the polar front jet and provide a favorable thermodynamical condition for the tropospheric warming over the Barents–Kara Seas by bringing warm and moist oceanic air. The polar warming tends to weaken the poleward temperature gradient at mid-to-high latitudes and then decelerate the Eurasian midlatitude westerlies, thus dynamically contributing to the circulation changes that can affect spring LST over MHWEA. Model results suggest that the link can be generally reproduced. Therefore, the late-winter North Atlantic tripole SSTAs may act as a precursor for the prediction of spring LST over western Eurasia.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to better understand the mechanisms underlying the interannual variability of the spring land surface temperature over western Eurasia, which is of great significance in ensuring food security. Here we show that the positive phase of the North Atlantic tripole sea surface temperature anomalies in February can modulate the tropospheric warming over the Barents–Kara Seas and further decelerate the Eurasian midlatitude westerlies in spring, which benefits local surface warming over western Eurasia. Our results provide a precursor for forecasting spring land surface temperature over western Eurasia.
Trauma Patients With Cirrhosis Have a Similar Risk of Unplanned Operation and Decreased Associated Risk of Mortality With Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis
Authors: Alvarez Claudia , Grigorian Areg , Kuza Catherine , Swentek Lourdes , Dolich Matthew , Barrios Cristobal , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Patients with cirrhosis have an increased risk of complications after trauma, including bleeding, unplanned operations, and death. The benefit of venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis in trauma patients with cirrhosis (CTPs) is not clear, especially since cirrhotic patients are hypercoagulable. We hypothesized that CTPs receiving VTE chemoprophylaxis (vCP) have a lower risk of death with no increased risk for unplanned operations compared to patients with cirrhosis not receiving vCP. Methods The 2017-2019 TQIP database was queried for patients with cirrhosis. Patients on outpatient anticoagulant therapy or with a history of bleeding diathesis, interhospital transfers, severe head injury, deaths < 72 hours, and hospitalization < 2 days were excluded. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed. Results From 10,011 CTPs, 6,350 (63.4%) received vCP. Compared to patients without vCP, the vCP group had decreased mortality (4.5% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.03) but a similar rate of unplanned operations (1% vs. 0.6%, P = 0.07). This persisted on multivariable analysis, with a decreased associated risk of mortality (OR 0.54, CI 0.42-0.69, P < 0.001), and a similar risk of unplanned operation ( P = 0.85). Conclusion CTPs received VTE chemoprophylaxis in under two-thirds of cases. On multivariable analysis, vCP was associated with a decreased risk of mortality and a similar risk of unplanned operations. These findings suggest that vCP appears safe. Further investigation is needed to confirm this finding.
Clinical Progression of Colorectal Resection in Gynecologic Cancer Patients: Does the Risk of Anastomotic Leakage Increase after Surgery?
Authors: Kang Ayoung , Park Byung-Soo , Cho Sung Hwan , Son Gyung Mo , Song Yong Jung , Kim Hyun Sung 
Published: May 2023

Objectives This research aimed to examine the clinicopathological results of colorectal resection in patients with advanced gynecological cancers. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 104 patients with gynecological cancer who underwent colorectal resection from December 2008 to August 2020 at a single hospital (PNUYH). Using descriptive statistics, variables for risk factors and surgical complications were compared. We eliminated instances with malignancies originating from organs other than the female genitalia, benign gynecological illnesses, primary stoma formation, and any other bowel procedures outside colon resection. Results The average age of 104 patients was determined to be 62.0 years. The most prevalent gynecological cancer was ovarian cancer (85 patients, 81.7%), and the most frequent procedure was low anterior resection (80 patients, 76.9%). There were postoperative problems in 61 patients (58.7%), while there was anastomotic leaking in just 3 patients (2.9%). Among the risk factors, only preoperative albumin was statistically significant (p=0.019). Conclusion Our findings imply that colorectal resection can be performed safely and effectively on individuals with advanced gynecological cancer.
Ostial Patency Measurements After Endoscopic Sphenoidotomies and Frontal Sinusotomies
Authors: Wu Arthur W. , Sharma Dhruv , Illing Elisa A. , Ting Jonathan Y. , Vasquez Missael , Rubel Kolin , Tang Dennis M. , Higgins Thomas S. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Sphenoid and frontal sinuses have narrow ostia and are prone to stenosis. However, their relative rates of patency are not well established, and descriptive rates of sphenoid stenosis have never been reported. The objective is to measure the patency of the sphenoid and frontal sinus ostia postoperatively. Methods: A prospective multi-institutional cohort study was performed. Ostial patency was measured at surgery and 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Pertinent clinical history such as the presence of nasal polyps and prior history of ESS as well as the use of steroid eluting stents were recorded. Overall stenosis rates were calculated for both the sphenoid and frontal sinuses, and Wilcoxon-Signed Rank Test was used to compare intraoperative and postoperative ostial areas. Factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine effects of 5 clinical factors. Results: Fifty patients were included. The mean sphenoid sinus ostial area decreased 42.2% in size from baseline to 3 months postoperatively (T0 55.2 ± 28.7 mm vs T3 m 31.8 ± 25.5 mm, P < .001). The mean frontal sinus ostial area decreased 39.8% in size from baseline to 3 months postoperatively (T0 33.7 ± 17.2 mm vs T3 m 19.9 ± 15.1 mm, P < .001). Neither the sphenoid nor the frontal sinus ostial patency demonstrated statistically significant change from 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Both sphenoid and frontal sinus ostia routinely narrow postoperatively, predominately from baseline to 3 months. These findings can serve as a reference for both clinical outcomes and future studies of these surgeries.
Extrusion foaming of multiphasic polyethylene/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer/carbon nanotube mixtures: Tailoring foam properties by selective localization of nanoparticles
Authors: Ghanemi Reza , Mousavi Seyed Rasoul , Qewami Sirwan , Sharifi Ali , Zandi As’ad , Mohammadi-Roshandeh Jamshid , Khonakdar Hossein Ali , Hemmati Farkhondeh 
Published: May 2023

Semi-conductive foams based on low-density polyethylene/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (LDPE/EVA) blends in the presence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared using a twin-screw extrusion process. The effects of CNTs content and localization state in the binary mixture on the physical and structural properties of LDPE/EVA/CNT foams were investigated. The results confirmed that the void fraction, cell density, bubble size and cell size distribution of foams are optimal against CNT loading. The lightest LDPE/EVA/CNT foam was obtained by the CNT localization in the LDPE matrix. This foam containing 2.5 phr of CNT had smaller cells and more uniform cell size comparing to the pure blend foam. The cell density of this foam was 1.598 × 106 cells/cm3, which is much larger than that for the blend foam, 8.64 × 105 cells/cm3. However, the CNT localization state in the dispersed EVA domains resulted in lower void fractions and cell densities comparing with the LDPE/EVA blend foam. The findings clarify the profound impact of the nanofiller localization state on the foam properties of the binary polymeric systems. Light semiconductive LDPE/EVA foams with small cells, uniform cell size and high cell densities were achieved by localizing and dispersing the CNT nanoparticles in the LDPE matrix phase.
On the strength of polymeric composites exposed to long-term Ultra-Violent radiation
Authors: Rafiee Roham , Rahimi Amirhossein 
Published: May 2023

The widespread use of fiber reinforced composites (FRP) in outdoor applications has prompted the question that whether ultraviolet radiation could wreak havoc on their lifespan. The main objective of this study is to investigate mechanical degradation of FRPs exposed to sunlight under natural circumstances on the long-term basis. On the one hand, experimental study is performed, before and after exposure, on laminated composites with different lay-up configurations cut from FRP pipes stored in outdoor space for a 1 year. On the other hand, a simple theoretical modeling in the form of user-friendly engineering tool is developed to estimate the residual ultimate tensile strength of laminated composites after exposure to sunlight. The destructive influence of sunlight on the mechanical performance of polymeric composites is taken into account through three different stochastic scenarios. Thus, stochastic modeling is implemented and the results are compared with experimental observations.
Effectiveness of Brief In-person and Virtual Substance Use Disorder Counselor Trainings, 2019-2021
Authors: Cambron Christopher , Castillo Jason T. , Frost Caren J. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Paraprofessional substance use disorder counselors (SUDCs) are an important component of expanding access to substance use disorder treatment, but little research on SUDC training currently exists. We evaluated knowledge and self-efficacy gain from brief in-person and virtual workshops for paraprofessional SUDC student-trainees. Methods: Student-trainees (N = 100) enrolled in an undergraduate SUDC training program completed 6 brief workshops from April 2019 to April 2021. Three in-person workshops during 2019 covered clinical assessment, suicide risk and evaluation, and motivational interviewing, and 3 virtual workshops during 2020-2021 covered family engagement and mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement, as well as screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for expectant mothers. Pretest and posttest online surveys measured student-trainee knowledge gain related to all 6 SUDC modalities. Results of paired sample t tests evaluated changes in knowledge and self-efficacy from pretest to posttest. Results: All 6 workshops showed a significant gain in knowledge from pretest to posttest. Four workshops showed a significant gain in self-efficacy from pretest to posttest. Hedges g ranged from 0.70 to 1.95 for knowledge gain and from 0.61 to 1.73 for self-efficacy gain across workshops. Common language effect sizes indicating the probability that a participant increased one’s score from pretest to posttest ranged from 76% to 93% for knowledge gain and from 73% to 97% for self-efficacy gain across workshops. Conclusions: Results of this study add to the limited research base on training for paraprofessional SUDCs and suggest that in-person learning and virtual learning are both viable brief training tools for students.
The Impact of Pandemic Concerns on Consumers’ Teledentistry Use During the First Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: O’Malley Ellen , Surdu Simona , Langelier Margaret 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic affected consumers’ access to oral health care. This study evaluated factors associated with teledentistry use among US adults from June 2019 through June 2020. Methods: We used data from a nationally representative survey of 3500 consumers. We estimated teledentistry use and adjusted associations with respondents’ concerns about the impacts of the pandemic on health and welfare and with their sociodemographic characteristics using Poisson regression models. We also analyzed teledentistry use across 5 teledentistry modalities (email, telephone, text, video conferencing, and mobile application). Results: Overall, 29% of respondents used teledentistry, and 68% of teledentistry users reported doing so for the first time because of the COVID-19 pandemic. First-time teledentistry use was positively associated with a high level of pandemic concerns (relative risk [RR] = 5.02; 95% CI, 3.49-7.20), age 35-44 years (RR = 4.22; 95% CI, 2.89-6.17), and annual household income $100 000-$124 999 (RR = 2.10; 95% CI, 1.55-2.84) and negatively associated with rural residence (RR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50-0.94). Having a high level of pandemic concerns (RR = 3.42; 95% CI, 2.30-5.08), young age (age 25-34 years: RR = 5.05; 95% CI, 3.23-7.90), and higher level of education (some college: RR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.22-2.07) were strongly associated with teledentistry use for all “other” users (ie, existing or first-time use because of reasons unrelated to the pandemic). Most first-time teledentistry users used email (74.2%) and mobile applications (73.9%), whereas “other” teledentistry users used telephone communication (41.3%). Conclusions: Teledentistry use during the pandemic was higher in the general population than among those for whom teledentistry programs were originally designed (eg, low-income, rural populations). Favorable regulatory changes to teledentistry should be expanded to meet patient needs beyond the pandemic.
Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use Disorders Among Psychiatric Inpatients in a Medically Underserved Area: An Intervention for Opioid Misuse
Authors: Buckner Julia D. , Scherzer Caroline R. , Crapanzano Kathleen A. , Morris Paige E. 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Opioid misuse is a serious public health concern, yet few people seek treatment for this condition. Hospitals may be one opportunity to identify those with opioid misuse and to teach them skills to help manage their opioid misuse upon discharge. We tested the relationship between opioid misuse status and motivation to change substance use among patients admitted with substance misuse to an inpatient psychiatric unit in a medically underserved area in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, who attended at least 1 group session of motivation enhancement therapy combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (MET-CBT) from January 29, 2020, through March 10, 2022. Methods: Of the 419 patients in our sample, 86 (20.5%) appeared to misuse opioids (62.5% male; mean age, 35.0 y; 57.7% non-Hispanic/Latin White). At the beginning of each session, patients completed 2 measures of motivation—importance and confidence to change substance use—from 0 (not at all) to 10 (most). At the end of each session, patients rated perceived session helpfulness from 1 (extremely hindering) to 9 (extremely helpful). Results: Opioid misuse was associated with greater importance (Cohen d = 0.12) and confidence (Cohen d = 0.13) to change substance use and with attending more MET-CBT sessions (Cohen d = 0.13). Patients with opioid misuse rated sessions as highly helpful (score of 8.3 of 9), and these ratings did not differ from patients who used other substances. Conclusions: Inpatient psychiatry hospitalizations may provide an opportunity to identify patients with opioid misuse and introduce these patients to MET-CBT to learn skills to manage opioid misuse upon discharge.
Relationship between preoperative nitrogen balance and energy and protein intake in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Okada Genya , Matsumoto Yoshinari , Habu Daiki , Matsuda Yasunori , Lee Shigeru , Osugi Harushi 
Published: May 2023

Background & Aims Nitrogen balance (NB) is an important indicator of protein utilization in the body, and a positive NB is essential for maintaining and improving nutritional status. However, information is lacking on the target values of the energy and protein levels required to maintain positive NB in cancer patients. This study aimed to verify the energy and protein requirements for positive NB in preoperative esophageal cancer patients. Methods This study included patients for esophageal cancer surgery who were admitted for radical surgery. Urine urea nitrogen (UUN) levels were measured based on 24-h urine storage. Energy and protein intakes were calculated from the dietary intake during hospitalization and the amount administered from enteral and parenteral nutrition. The characteristics of the positive and negative NB groups were compared, and patients’ characteristics related to UUN excretion were analyzed. Results Seventy-nine patients with esophageal cancer were included, and 46% of patients were negative NB. All patients with energy intake ≥30 kcal/kg/day and protein intake ≥1.3 g/kg/day had positive NB. Whereas, in the group with energy intake ≥30 kcal/kg/day and protein intake <1.3 g/kg/day, 67% of patients were positive NB. There was a significant positive relation between UUN excretion and retinol-binding protein in multiple regression analyses adjusted for several patients’ characteristics (β = 0.28, p = 0.048). Conclusion In preoperative esophageal cancer patients, 30 kcal/kg/day of energy and 1.3 g/kg/day of protein were the guideline values for positive NB. Good short-term nutritional status was a factor associated with increased UUN excretion.
Obesity associated with improved mortality of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Prasad Navin R , Elkholey Khaled , Patel Nilay R , Junqueira Erica , Cohen Elliott S , Whitmore Sage P 
Published: May 2023

Introduction Determining a patient’s candidacy for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in severe COVID-19 pneumonia is a critical aspect of efficient healthcare delivery. A body mass index (BMI) ≥40 is considered a relative contraindication for ECMO by the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO). We sought to determine the impact of obesity on the survival of patients with COVID-19 on ECMO. Methods This project was a retrospective review of a multicenter US database from January 2020 to December 2021. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality after ECMO initiation, with a comparison between patients classified into body mass index categories (<30, 30–39.9, and ≥40). Secondary outcomes included ventilator days, intensive care days, and complications. Results We completed records review on 359 patients, with 90 patients excluded because of missing data. The overall mortality for the 269 patients was 37.5%. Patients with a BMI <30 had higher odds of mortality compared to all patients with BMI >30 (OR 1.98; p = 0.013), those with BMI 30–39.9 (OR 1.84; p = 0.036), and BMI ≥40 (OR 2.33; p = 0.024). There were no differences between BMI groups for ECMO duration; length of stay (LOS); or rate of bloodstream infection, stroke, or blood transfusion. Age, ECMO duration, and modified-Elixhauser index were not independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusions In patients receiving ECMO for severe COVID-19, neither obesity (BMI >30) nor morbid obesity (BMI >40) were associated with in-hospital mortality. These results are consistent with previous reports and held true after adjusting for age and comorbidities. Our data suggest further examination of the recommendations to withhold ECMO in patients who are obese.
Benign incidental lesion of the calcaneus: the calcaneal vascular remnant
Authors: Akdag Tuba , Halil Ceylan Arda 
Published: May 2023

Background The calcaneal vascular remnant, first described by Fleming et al. in 2005, is a benign intramedullary lesion of the calcaneus with a vascular origin. Purpose To determine the prevalence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of incidental calcaneal vascular remnant on routine ankle MRI. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 457 ankle MRI scans for the presence of calcaneal vascular remnant. MRI was considered positive when a focal cyst-like area was seen on a T2-weighted sequence, and a low signal intensity was identified on a T1-weighted image beneath the calcaneal sulcus. Patients with calcaneal vascular remnants were further evaluated for age, gender, right or left foot location, size, and lesion characteristics. Results The prevalence of incidental calcaneal vascular remnant was 21.7% on our consecutive ankle MR examinations. The average lesion size was 5.5 mm. No statistically significant difference was noted in the frequency of lesion detection between gender, age, and side of the lesions ( P > 0.05). Multilobulated lesions were detected predominantly in women ( P = 0.013) and classic type lesions were detected predominantly in men ( P = 0.036). Conclusion This report is the first to determine the prevalence and MRI characteristics of calcaneal vascular remnants. Detecting and reporting this lesion on routine MRI is essential to avoid confusion with other pathologic entities.