bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oblique plate convergence along arcuate trenches on a spherical Earth. An example from the Western Sunda Arc
Authors: Guzmán-Speziale Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe propose a new definition of oblique plate convergence. Our model considers arc-trench curvature on a spherical Earth, and defines obliquity as the angle between the direction of plate convergence and the azimuth from the central point along the arc to the center of curvature of the arcuate trench. We also show how this model may be extended to multiple-arc trenches.We apply this definition to the Western Sunda Arc, which has been traditionally considered the prime example of oblique plate convergence, particularly the segment corresponding to Sumatra. We define eight arc-like segments along this arc-trench system. Obliquity angles on these arc-like segments vary from 92° in the northernmost (Burmese) arc to 7° offshore the Sunda strait (between Sumatra and Java). The angle of obliquity offshore Sumatra is 31°, almost within the definition of slightly oblique convergence. Given the low angle of obliquity, partitioning along the Sumatran fault, in the southern portion of the Western Sunda Arc, is difficult to explain by oblique plate convergence alone. We suggest that the entire segment (or forearc) inboard of the Western Sunda Arc be dragged from the Burmese arc, where overriding and subducting plates are completely coupled and oblique plate convergence is high.
Insect pollination and pollinator supplementation enhances fruit weight, quality, and marketability of avocado (Persea americana)
Authors: Sagwe Rose Nyakemiso , Peters Marcell K. , Dubois Thomas , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf , Lattorff H. Michael G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAvocado is a pollinator-dependent crop rich in fiber, monounsaturated oils, vitamins, and minerals, which is seeing an increase in global demand. While some studies have shown that insect pollination improves avocado fruit set, the effects of pollinators on fruit quality and the nutritional profile remain unclear. Furthermore, it remains untested whether a potential pollination deficit can be compensated by the supplementation of farms with extra pollinators. We quantified the contribution of insect pollination on fruit and seed weight, and oil, protein, carbohydrate, and phytochemical (flavonoid and phenolics) contents, and assessed if the supplementation of pollinators on farms can improve fruit parameters. The experiment was conducted in 36 smallholder avocado farms of which 18 farms were supplemented with two Apis mellifera bee hives, while 18 were used as controls. Four manipulative pollination treatments were conducted: hand, open, self- and wind pollination. We observed that avocado fruit weight was significantly higher (213.7 g) for insect pollinated flowers than in case of wind- (107.8 g) or self-pollination (95.1 g).Insect pollination resulted in heavier seeds (29.5 g) as well as higher oil contents, clearly showing that insect pollination was required to reach a high seed yield and quantity of oil. Honey bee supplementation on farms enhanced the avocado fruit weight by 18%, and increased avocado oil content by 3.6%. As the marketability of avocado directly depends on fruit size and oil content, a sustainable management of bee communities may be of key importance for the long-term profitability of avocado agriculture.
How well do building energy performance certificates predict heat loss?
Authors: Meles Tensay Hadush , Farrell Niall , Curtis John 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper evaluates the predictive power of building energy performance certificates on home heat loss. Improving the insulative capacity of residential properties is a policy priority in many markets, with building energy performance certificates serving as a benchmark. We exploit a rich panel dataset of high-frequency thermostat readings, coupled with data detailing weather and building characteristics, to identify an ex-post metric of heat loss. Our results show a significant effect of building energy performance rating on indoor temperature, a proxy for home heat loss. However, we do not find evidence of a distinct gradient in performance between building energy rating categories, as suggested by ex-ante estimates of home heat loss. The finding highlights that directly linking policy targets to a particular energy performance certificate standard can lead to an outcome that deviates significantly from what is anticipated.
Standing the test of time: total aortic remodeling 13 years after TEVAR for acute type B aortic dissection
Authors: Hagedorn Matthias Niklas , Meisenbacher Katrin , Skrypnik Denis , Bischoff Moritz Sebastian , Böckler Dittmar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLong-term outcome after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of acute type B aortic dissection (aTBAD) is still underreported in current literature. This case report shows persistence of aortic remodeling without secondary complication or need of reintervention 13 years after TEVAR. A 45-year-old woman was referred to the emergency room with aTBAD. Due to early diameter progression in combination with therapy-refractory pain and uncontrolled hypertension, TEVAR was performed. Hereafter, the patient showed complete remodeling of the descending thoracic aorta without persistent false lumen perfusion in this segment and with stable true and false lumen diameter in the untreated abdominal segment for a 13-year period. No aortic-related reintervention was needed. With contemporary devices and adapted therapy, TEVAR seems able to treat complex thoracic disease. Long-term follow-up (FU) is mandatory to monitor the efficacy and durability of endovascular treatment in aortic disease.
Exploring ideological differences in Taiwanese perceptions of cross-strait relations
Authors: Chen Rong , Kironská Kristína , Čeněk Jiri 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis is an exploratory research that seeks to investigate how ideology predicts Taiwanese perceptions of cross-strait relations, including attitudes toward Taiwan independence, perceptions of mainland China and Chinese people, Chinese invasion of Taiwan, and Chinese democracy. We took an inductive approach to left-right differences in Taiwan to offer a more systematic empirical understanding of ideology beyond the West. To do so, we conducted a nationally representative survey among adult Taiwan citizens (N = 1,350). Findings revealed that those who identified with the Left (vs. Right) tended to demonstrate more negative perceptions of cross-strait relations. Specifically, the political left is more negative about the outlook of Chinese democracy while favoring Taiwan independence, than the political right. Furthermore, the political left perceives both mainland China and the Chinese people more negatively than the political right. These findings underscore the role of ideology for a full comprehension of cross-strait relations, as they indicated a fundamental difference between the political left vs. right in terms of perceptions of cross-strait relations. The present research extends existing political psychology literature on ideology and international relations, particularly in the East Asian context.
A QGIS -plugin for gully erosion modeling
Authors: Khan Saad , Omran Adel , Schröder Dietrich , Sommer Christian , Hochschild Volker , Märker Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGully erosion affects the landscape and human life in many ways, including the destruction of agricultural land and infrastructures, altering the hydraulic potential of soils, as well as water availability. Due to climate change, more areas are expected to be affected by gully erosion in the future, threatening especially low-income agricultural regions. In the past decades, quantitative methods have been proposed to simulate and predict gully erosion at different scales. However, gully erosion is still underrepresented in modern GIS-based modeling and simulation approaches. Therefore, this study aims to develop a QGIS plugin using Python to assess gully erosion dynamics. We explain the preparation of the input data, the modeling procedure based on Sidorchuk’s (Sidorchuk A (1999) Dynamic and static models of gully erosion. CATENA 37:401–414.) gully simulation model, and perform a detailed sensitivity analysis of model parameters. The plugin uses topographical data, soil characteristics and discharge information as gully model input. The plugin was tested on a gully network in KwaThunzi, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The results and sensitivity analyses confirm Sidorchuck’s earlier observations that the critical runoff velocity is a main controlling parameter in gully erosion evolution, alongside with the slope stability threshold and the soil erodibility coefficient. The implemented QGIS plugin simplifies the gully model setup, the input parameter preparation as well as the post-processing and visualization of modelling results. The results are provided in different data formats to be visualized with different 3D visualization software tools. This enables a comprehensive gully assessment and the derivation of respective coping and mitigation strategies.
Environmental sustainability in sport federations: a Swiss case study of environmental policy genesis
Authors: Piller Sarah , Nagel Siegfried 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince national sport federations (NSFs) represent sport clubs and engage in sport policy issues, they could play a crucial role in establishing measures to ensure the environmental sustainability of sport. Several Swiss sport federations have already launched such programmes. However, sport federations are primarily committed to the interests of their member clubs and the sport as their core business and environmental sustainability is generally not their primary issue. With regard to the usually limited resources, their environmental engagement does not appear to be evident. Therefore, this study investigated the extent to which environmental policies are generated by NSFs and which factors are relevant for policy genesis (agenda setting and decision coupling). We conducted an in-depth case study of the Swiss Hang Gliding and Paragliding Association based on the multiple streams approach with two coupling phases. The findings showed that whereas agenda setting of policies regarding biodiversity and access to nature primarily occurs through national regulations, climate protection policies are mainly pushed by engaged policy entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, member interests, functional issues (as opposed to normative arguments) and the practices of similar federations were found to be crucial for all environmental policies. Because decisions regarding environmental policies require knowledge that does not necessarily belong to the core topics of the board of management, the support of environmental officers is key for the decision coupling of such. An understanding of environmental policy genesis is essential because it is prerequisite for the subsequent implementation of such policies and their effects.
Upcycling of easy separated Casuarina equisetifolia fruit waste as a biosorbent: tailoring the surface modification to enhance selective removal of cationic dye or simultaneously removal of cationic and anionic dyes
Authors: Radwan Emad K. , Omar Rehab A. , Marey A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed at the valorization of the abundant and underutilized Casuarina equisetifolia fruit waste (CEFW) biomass as an intact easily separable biosorbent for the treatment of dye-polluted water. The intact CEFW was chemically modified to improve its selective biosorption of MB, or to simultaneously remove MB and MO. H2O2 treatment increased the surface functional groups, created pores, and enhanced the selective biosorption of MB. CTAB treatment introduced quaternary ammonium groups and enabled the simultaneously removal of MB and MO. The biosorption of MB by H2O2-treated CEFW was optimum at pH 6 and increased with the mass of the biosorbent. The pH can be adjusted to enhance the biosorption efficiency of the CTAB-treated CEFW toward MB or MO. pH 6 achieves balanced simultaneous removal of MB and MO. The kinetic and isotherm studies revealed that electrostatic interactions and chemisorption dominate the biosorption process which has multilayer character. The single and binary isotherm studies demonstrated that the co-existence of MB and MO enhances their removal. Overall, the modification of the CEFW can be tuned to remove anionic, cationic dyes or both simultaneously and synergistically. The low-cost and easy separation nominate the application of the intact CEFW for dyes removal from polluted water.
Reconstruction and Validation of Arterial Geometries for Computational Fluid Dynamics Using Multiple Temporal Frames of 4D Flow-MRI Magnitude Images
Authors: Black Scott MacDonald , Maclean Craig , Barrientos Pauline Hall , Ritos Konstantinos , Kazakidi Asimina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Segmentation and reconstruction of arterial blood vessels is a fundamental step in the translation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to the clinical practice. Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D Flow-MRI) can provide detailed information of blood flow but processing this information to elucidate the underlying anatomical structures is challenging. In this study, we present a novel approach to create high-contrast anatomical images from retrospective 4D Flow-MRI data.

Methods
For healthy and clinical cases, the 3D instantaneous velocities at multiple cardiac time steps were superimposed directly onto the 4D Flow-MRI magnitude images and combined into a single composite frame. This new Composite Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (CPC-MRA) resulted in enhanced and uniform contrast within the lumen. These images were subsequently segmented and reconstructed to generate 3D arterial models for CFD. Using the time-dependent, 3D incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, the transient aortic haemodynamics was computed within a rigid wall model of patient geometries.

Results
Validation of these models against the gold standard CT-based approach showed no statistically significant inter-modality difference regarding vessel radius or curvature (p > 0.05), and a similar Dice Similarity Coefficient and Hausdorff Distance. CFD-derived near-wall hemodynamics indicated a significant inter-modality difference (p > 0.05), though these absolute errors were small. When compared to the in vivo data, CFD-derived velocities were qualitatively similar.

Conclusion
This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that functional 4D Flow-MRI information can be utilized to retrospectively generate anatomical information for CFD models in the absence of standard imaging datasets and intravenous contrast.
Application of the Time–Temperature Superposition Principle to Predict Long-Term Behaviour of an Adhesive for Use in Shipbuilding
Authors: Souto-Silvar Daniel A. , Álvarez-García A. , Díaz-Díaz A. , Rodríguez-Dopico Francisco J. , López-Beceiro Jorge 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of adhesives in the marine sector is rather limited at the time being, but their use in specific areas of the ship would be an advantage due, among other things, to their low weight and low stress concentration along the bonding joint. The aim of this work is to predict the long-term behaviour of the material, as this is a critical factor when using adhesive as a bonding method in ships, since its durability must be guaranteed throughout a previously defined life cycle. This can be predicted by applying the time–temperature superposition principle (TTS), which involves carrying out a test at different temperatures for each specimen, considerably reducing the test time. Two types of experiments have been carried out according with operation modes in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA): a dynamic frequency sweep and a stationary creep test under constant stress, to check the behaviour of the adhesive under both dynamic and sustained loading. The master curve for the frequency study will be constructed in such a way as to cover the whole range of relevant vibrations that can occur on the vessel, while that for the creep test the curve obtained covers a range of 25 years, which is usually used as the minimum service life in shipbuilding. For both, a temperature range from room temperature to the maximum operating temperature of the material established by the manufacturer shall be studied.
A Scoping Review of Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcome Measures for Children and Young People: Implications for Children in Out-of-home Care
Authors: Jacobs Paula , Power Luke , Davidson Gavin , Devaney John , McCartan Claire , McCusker Pearse , Jenkins Ruth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
One of the challenges for mental health research is the lack of an agreed set of outcome measures that are used routinely and consistently between disciplines and across studies in order to build a more robust evidence base for how to better understand young people’s mental health and effectively address diverse needs.

Methods
This study involved a scoping review of reviews on consensus of the use of mental health and wellbeing measures with children and young people. We were particularly interested to identify if there are differences in measures that are recommended for children and young people with care experience including those with developmental disabilities.

Findings
We identified 41 reviews, of which two had a focus on child welfare settings, three on childhood trauma and 14 focused on children and young people with developmental disabilities. Overall, our review highlights a lack of consensus and a diversity of measures within the field. We identified 60 recommended measures, of which only nine were recommended by more than one review.

Conclusions
Our review highlights the need for greater agreement in the use of mental health outcome measures. While our review highlights that there is value in identifying measures that can be used with any child or young person, researchers need to take into account additional considerations when working with children and young people with care experience and those with developmental disabilities, to ensure measures are accessible and sensitive to their life experiences.
Fully Dynamic Contraction Hierarchies with Label Restrictions on Road Networks
Authors: Chen Zi , Feng Bo , Yuan Long , Lin Xuemin , Wang Liping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the real world, road networks with weight and label on edges can be applied in several application domains. The shortest path query with label restrictions has been receiving increasing attention recently. To efficiently answer such kind of queries, a novel index, namely Contraction Hierarchies with Label Restrictions (CHLR), is proposed in the literature. However, existing studies mainly focus on the static road networks and do not support the CHLR maintenance when the road networks are dynamically changed. Motivated by this, in this paper, we investigate the CHLR maintenance problem in dynamic road networks. We first devise a baseline approach to update CHLR by recomputing the potential affected shortcuts. However, many shortcuts recomputed in baseline do not change in fact, which leads to unnecessary overhead of the baseline. To overcome the drawbacks of baseline, we further propose a novel CHLR maintenance algorithm which can only travel little shortcuts through an update propagate chain with accuracy guarantee. Moreover, an optimization strategy is presented to further improve the efficiency of index maintenance. Considering the frequency of edge changes, we also propose a batch index maintenance algorithm to handle batch edge changes which can process a large number of edge changes at once. Furthermore, a parallel method is proposed to further accelerate calculations. Extensive and comprehensive experiments are conducted on real road networks. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.
Inclusive random sampling in graphs and networks
Authors: Novick Yitzchak , Bar-Noy Amotz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is often of interest to sample vertices from a graph with a bias towards higher-degree vertices. One well-known method, which we call random neighbor or RN, involves taking a vertex at random and exchanging it for one of its neighbors. Loosely inspired by the friendship paradox, the method is predicated on the fact that the expected degree of the neighbor is greater than or equal to the expected degree of the initial vertex. Another method that is actually perfectly analogous to the friendship paradox is random edge, or RE, where an edge is sampled at random, and then one of the two endpoint vertices is selected at random. Obviously, random sampling is only required when full knowledge of the graph is unattainable. But, while it is true in most cases that knowledge of all vertices’ degrees cannot be obtained, it is often trivial to learn the degree of specific vertices that have already been isolated. In light of this, we suggest a tweak to both RN and RE, inclusive random sampling. In inclusive random neighbor (IRN) the initial vertex and the selected neighbor are considered, in inclusive random edge (IRE) the two endpoint vertices are, and in both cases, we learn the degree of each and select the vertex of higher degree. This paper explores inclusive random sampling through theoretical analysis and experimentation. We establish meaningful bounds on IRN and IRE’s performances, in particular in comparison to each other and to their exclusive counterparts. Our analyses highlight differences of the original, exclusive versions as well. The results provide practical insight for strategizing a random sampling method, and also highlight graph characteristics that impact the question of which methods will perform strongly in which graphs.
Jianghan plain, the locale of China’s Great Flood four thousand years ago
Authors: Guo Li-Xin , Hsieh Meng-Long , Gorodetskaya Olga , Fan Zi-Hao , Chiu Shih-Ying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Yellow River Plain (YRP), being regarded as the cradle of Chinese civilization, is traditionally thought to be the locale of the Great Flood, a hazardous flood (or floods) tamed by Yu who started China’s first “dynasty”, Xia, in ~ 2000 BC. However, by integrating published archaeological data, we propose that the Great Flood in fact impacted the Jianghan Plain (JHP) along the middle course of the Yangtze River. The arguments include: (1) around the era of the Great Flood, the most civilized and populated society in East Asia, named the Jianghan society, was located around the JHP (at that time, the habitation on the YRP remained limited); (2) the Jianghan society lived on river resources (shipping and rice growing) and was thus subject to flood risks (but not for the people inhabiting the YRP); (3) the people in the Jianghan society were experienced in dredging moats/ditches for shipping and irrigation; (4) unlike the floods on the YRP that were characterized by dynamic sedimentation and channel avulsion, those on the JHP typically occurred with slow-moving water manageable to ancient people; (5) the JHP has been associated with lake/wetland systems serving as detention basins during floods. Here, the recorded method for controlling the Great Flood, dredging channels to divert flood water to a “sea”, was feasible. Known speleothem paleo-rainfall data from multiple sites show that the climate of the JHP had been wet since the middle Holocene (earlier than the era of the Great Flood) and significantly turned dry after ~ 1850 BC (~ 150 years later than the Great Flood). Thus, the uniqueness of the Great Flood was likely to reflect an increase in land use on the JHP with the expansion of the Jianghan society, and the success in taming this flood was mainly due to the efforts of the society, not by luck.