bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic and predictable variation of soil carbon reservoirs along a geoclimatic gradient
Authors: Wasner Daniel , Abramoff Rose , Griepentrog Marco , Venegas Erick Zagal , Boeckx Pascal , Dötterl Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Organic matter accumulation in soil is understood as the result of the dynamics between mineral-associated (often more decomposed, microbial derived) organic matter and free particulate (often less decomposed, plant derived) organic matter. However, at global scales, the patterns and drivers behind main SOC reservoirs are not well understood and remain poorly linked to the pedogenetic variation across soil types that may impact SOC stabilization. Here, we separated soil organic carbon (SOC) associated with silt- and clay-sized particles (S + C), stable microaggregates (> 63 µm, SA) and free particulate organic matter (POM) from a diverse range of grassland topsoils sampled along a geo-climatic gradient. The relative contribution of the two predominantly mineral-associated fractions (S + C & SA) differed significantly across the gradient while free POM was never the dominant SOC reservoir. Rather, stable microaggregates emerged as the major SOC reservoir in soils with high SOC content. The SOC content in the two mineral-associated reservoirs was related to distinct climatic and mineralogic proxies that followed predictable patterns across the gradient. Furthermore, carbon quality in stable microaggregates was clearly distinct from carbon associated with silt- and clay-sized particles and free particulate organic matter. We summarize our findings in a conceptual framework, which integrates the role of stable microaggregates with other major SOC reservoirs and illustrates their changing importance across (soil) environmental gradients.
MIR4435-2HG as a Novel Predictive Biomarker of Chemotherapy Response and Death in Pediatric B-Cell All
Authors: Torres-Llanos Yulieth , Zabaleta Jovanny , Cruz-Rodriguez Nataly , Quijano Sandra , Guzman Paula , Reyes Iliana de los , Poveda Nathaly , Infante Ana , Lopez Liliana , Combita Alba Lucía 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Although B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) survival rates have improved in recent years, Hispanic children continue to have poorer survival rates. Our aim was to identify biomarkers of treatment response, which may also predict relapse and death, through identifying differentially expressed and methylated genes between patients who responded or did not respond to induction treatment. DNA methylation and mRNA sequencing assays were performed on 27 bone marrows from Hispanic children with B-cell ALL. Gene expression and differential methylation were compared between responders and non-responders at day 15 and at the end of induction chemotherapy. DAPK1, CNKSR3, MIR4435-HG2, CTHRC1, NPDC1, SLC45A3, ITGA6, and ASCL2 were overexpressed and hypomethylated in non-responders. The overexpression of DAPK1, ASCL2, SCL45A3, NPDC1 and ITGA6 can predict non-response at day 15 and refractoriness. Additionally, higher expression of MIR4435-2HG increases the probability of non-response, death, and the risk of death. MIR4435-2HG is also overexpressed in relapse samples. Finally, MIR4435-2HG overexpression, together with positive minimal residual disease, are associated with poorer survival, and together with overexpression of DAPK1 and ASCL2, it could improve the risk classification of patients with normal karyotype. MIR4435-2HG is a potential predictive biomarker in children with B-cell ALL.
A colonial serrated polyp classification model using white light ordinary endoscopy images with an artificial intelligence model and TensorFlow chart
Authors: Chen Tsung-Hsing , Wang Yu-Tzu , Wu Chi-Huan , Kuo Chang-Fu , Cheng Hao-Tsai , Huang Shu-Wei , Lee Chieh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, we implemented an artificial intelligence (AI) model—Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)—to help physicians classify colonic polyps into traditional adenoma (TA), sessile serrated adenoma (SSA), and hyperplastic polyp. We collected ordinary endoscopy images under both white and NBI lights. Under white light, we collected 257 images of hyperplastic polyp (HP), 423 images of SSA, and 60 images of TA. Under NBI light, were collected 238 images of HP, 284 images of SSA, and 71 images of TA. We implemented the artificial intelligence model to build a classification model for the types of colon polyps. Our final AI classification model is built only with white light images. Our classification prediction accuracy of colon polyp type is 94%, and the discriminability of the model (area under the curve) was 98%. Thus, we can conclude that our model can effectively help physicians distinguish between TA, SSA, and HPs, and correctly identify serrated-type colon polyps.
Increase of multidrug-resistant bacteria after the COVID-19 pandemic in a major teaching Hospital in Sicily (2018-2021)
Authors: Amodio Emanuele , Pizzo Stefano , Vella Giuseppe , De Francisci Valerio , Distefano Salvatore Antonino , Giambelluca Eliana , Graceffa Domenico , Verso Maria Gabriella , Giammanco Giovanni , Calamusa Giuseppe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the continuing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to global health and economic development. In the last two decades, AMR has raised increasing concern with an estimated 4.95 million deaths globally due to bacterial AMR in 2019 alone. This study aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on the spread of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) using data from the Hospital «P. Giaccone» in Palermo, comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.
Methods
This observational study involved adult patients discharged from the hospital between 01/01/2018-31/12/2021. Hospital Discharge Cards were linked with microbiological laboratory reports to assess MDRO isolations. SARS-CoV-2 positivity during hospitalization was evaluated using the National Institute of Health's surveillance system.
Results
This study evaluated 58,427 hospitalizations, where half of the patients were over 65 years old (N=26,984) and most admissions were in the medical area (N=31,716). During the hospitalization period, the isolated MDRO were 2,681 (5%), whereas there were 946 subjects (2%) positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the multivariable analyses, during 2020 and 2021 there was a significant increased risk of isolation of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Age, DRG-weight, and length-of-stay were associated to a higher risk of MDRO isolation.
Conclusion
Our study provides new insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MDRO isolation and has important implications for infection control and prevention efforts in healthcare facilities. Age, DRG-weight, and longer hospital stays further increase the risk of MDRO isolation. Thus, it is imperative to improve and follow hospital protocols to prevent healthcare-associated infections.
WITHDRAWN: A Contribution to the Analysis of the Effects of Pulsed Current in GTAW Welding
Authors: Dutra Jair Carlos , Riffel Kaue Correa , Silva Régis Herique Gonçalves , Ramirez Antonio Jose 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The GTAW welding with pulsed current has been misinterpreted in some classic literature and scientific articles. General conclusions are presented, stating that its use provides greater penetration compared to the use of constant current and that the simple pulsation of the current promotes beneficial metallurgical effects. Therefore, this manuscript presents a critical analysis of this topic and adopts the terminology of thermal pulsation for the situation where the weld undergoes sensitive effects regarding grain orientation during solidification. For comparison purposes, an index called the form factor (ratio between the root width and the face width of the weld bead) is adopted. It is shown that the penetration of a welding with pulsed current can be worse than constant current depending on the formulation of the adopted procedure. Moreover, metallurgical effects on solidification, such as grain orientation breakage, only occur when there is adequate concatenation between the pulsation frequency and the welding speed. Finally, a thermal simulation of the process showed that the pulsation frequency limits the welding speed so that there is an overlap of the molten pool in each current pulse, and continuity of the bead is obtained at the root. For frequencies of 1Hz and 2.5 Hz, the limit welding speed was 3.3 mm/s and 4.1 mm/s, respectively.
Ubiquitin-specific protease-7 Promotes Expression of Airway Mucin MUC5AC via NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: He Yijing , Chen Yirong , Song Jiarui , Jiang Jinxiu , Liu Tingting , LI Jiayao , Liu Li , Jia Jing 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory diseases frequently present with airway mucus hypersecretion, which not only affects the patient’s quality of life but also poses a constant threat to their safety. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), a deubiquitinating enzyme, affects cell differentiation, tissue growth, and disease development. However, its role in airway mucus hypersecretion induced by COPD remains elusive. In this study, we revealed that USP7 expression was significantly upregulated in airway epithelial samples from patients with COPD and that USP7 was also overexpressed in mouse lung and human airway epithelial cells in models of airway mucus hypersecretion. Inhibition of USP7 reduced the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), phosphorylated-NF-κB (p-NF-κB), and phosphonated inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (p-IκBα), and also alleviated the airway mucus hypersecretion in vivo and in vitro. Further research revealed that USP7 stimulated airway mucus hypersecretion through the activation of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. In addition, the expression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) was suppressed by the NF-κB inhibitor erdosteine. These findings suggest that USP7 stimulates the NF-κB signaling pathway, which promotes airway mucus hypersecretion. This study identifies one of the mechanisms regulating airway mucus secretion and provides a new potential target for its prevention and treatment.
Prevalence and Mortality Analysis of Contagious Diseases through Visualization; A Quantitative, Data- Driven Study
Authors: Khan Farhan , Naz Alia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We use data analytics and visualization tools and techniques for the prevalence, response and mortality of contagious diseases in general population, and particularly in Pakistan and its northern region province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Our study is used as a decision support system for clinicians, healthcare workers and particularly towards primary care workers such as nurses. The use of analytical tools are crucial and the need of the day in this modern technological world. We follow standard procedures of analysis and return our results in the form of statistical analysis and visualizations. We pay particular attention to the effects of several demographic and other variables on the incidence rate, prevalence and response towards contagious diseases and epidemics. These variables include age and gender distribution among population, their ease of access to healthcare facilities, human development index, life expectancy and distribution of age groups in the selected population. We cluster and differentiate among various population on the basis of geographical region, whereas the data is aggregated at continent, country, provincial/state and district level. We present our analysis through graphs, tables and trend lines. Furthermore, with each result, we also perform statistical analysis, and the proposed hypotheses are then proved and accepted only if they pass statistical tests with an over 95% confidence interval.
Silicon application methods influence the nutrient uptake of maize plants
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Rodrigues da , Silva Lucas Jónatan Rodrigues da , Deus Angélica Cristina Fernandes , Fernandes Dirceu Maximino , Büll Leonardo Theodoro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose The benefits of applying silicon to plants under stressful conditions are recognized. However, few studies have shown the effect of supply and form of application of silicon on the nutrition of plants grown under ideal conditions. This study aimed to verify the effects of different methods of silicon application on the nutrient uptake of maize in two tropical soils.Methods Silicon was supplied in three application methods (in the planting furrow, in the total pot area, and spraying) at two rates in maize plants in two tropical soil types. Thirty days after emergence, the contents of macronutrients, micronutrients, and silicon were evaluated.Results In sandy soil, potassium silicate application contributed to an increase in N, P, K, Mg, Si, and Cu contents, whereas in clay soil, there was an increase in the plant contents of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Si, and Mg.Conclusion It was concluded that silicon application contributed to greater nutrient uptake in maize plants. Our study suggests that silicon application could be an important tool for increasing mineral fertilization in tropical soil conditions.
Dual moment resisting-shear link frames: experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Mahmoudi Farid , Rahai Alireza , Hatami Farzad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Moment resisting frames (MRFs) are one of the most favorable systems, thanks to their appropriate performance and sufficient geometric flexibility. Despite these advantages, MRFs have limitations such as low stiffness and certain code limitations. This paper provides the experimental and numerical results of a novel dual lateral load resisting system. This dual system is proposed to combine the flexural and shear nonlinear behavior of MRFs with different lengths. In the proposed dual system, MRFs are combined with frames that have a shear link with a smaller cross-section at the mid-span. This combination transfers the first plastic hinges location from the beam ends of the MRFs to the mid-span of the shear link frames. Two 1/3-scale tests are performed in the strong floor lab, and the frames are tested under quasi-static cyclic loading. In addition to increasing the stiffness of the system, the novel dual system waives the code requirement to satisfy the constraint on the beam span-to-depth (span/depth) ratio. Furthermore, the new dual system improves the resilience of the system due to the substitutability of the shear link after an earthquake. Moreover, verified 3D finite element models of the moment resisting-shear link frames dual system are also used to demonstrate the performance of the new dual system.
Extraction of microbial oil from Aspergillus niger and preparation of a sustainable growth medium for the same
Authors: Malekar Saloni , Salgaonkar Sneha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Depending on their fatty-acid profile, microbial oils have many industrial applications such as manufacturing biodiesel, nutraceuticals, essential oils and soaps. Our study aimed to extract microbial oil from Aspergillus niger and to study the biochemical characteristics of the extracted oil. Another approach of this study was to find a sustainable way of growing A. niger by using agro waste as a nutrient source; for this purpose, a growth medium was prepared from waste onion peels. Our findings indicate that A. niger oil could contain high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids as well as can be used as an antimicrobial agent against Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the growth medium prepared was suitable to culture A. niger. Using onion peels will not only help reduce the upstream-processing cost of microbial oil production but will also contribute to adequate management of the agro waste, consequently, reducing its negative impact on the environment.
Optimization of Biogas Production from Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Fish Waste and Water Hyacinth
Authors: Ingabire Hortense , NTAMBARA Boniface , Arimi Milton , Kiriamiti Henry Kirimi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fish waste (FW) and water hyacinth (WH) are biodegradable wastes that remain underutilized and unexploited and cause environmental problems since the existing disposal techniques result in environmental pollution and health risks. Anaerobic Co-digestion of FW and WH can be used to improve biogas generation as a source of energy to replace fossil fuel consumption. The conversion of waste to energy can provide an answer to environmental pollution, waste treatment and management, and rising energy costs. Experimental variable levels for biogas were substrate ratio (WH: FW, 25-75g), inoculum concentration (IC, 5-15g), and dilution (85-95mL). Design-Expert 13 was used for optimization and results analysis. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to examine the effects of operating parameters and identify optimum values for biogas yield. Optimum values for maximum biogas yield of 690mL with the highest methane yield of 68.15% were found to be WH: FW ratio, 25:75g, 15g of IC, and 95 mL for dilution. The yield was 16.1% and 32.4% greater than FW and WH mono-digestion, respectively. Using a quadratic equation, the biogas yield was expressed as a function of operating variables. The model was significant (P < 0.05). All factors had significant linear and quadratic effects on biogas while only the interaction effects of the two factors were significant. The coefficient of determination(R2) of 99.9% confirms the good fit of the model with experimental variables.
Determination of Cryptosporidium Parvum Subtypes Detected in Calf and Cow
Authors: AYNUR Zeynep ERDEM 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp., an intracellular extracytoplasmic localized protozoan, is one of the leading infectious agents in the etiology of neonatal diarrheal syndrome of ruminants. Although cryptosporidiosis is a common disease seen all over the world. However molecular epidemiologic studies are limited on distribution of Cryptosporidium parvum subtypes in the world. To date, nearly 20 subtypes of C. parvum have been described. Gene sequence analysis of the glycoprotein 60 structural protein (GP60) is used to identify subtypes. It is reported that the GP60 gene sequence shows a high degree of genetic polymorphism among the strains. In this study, it was aimed to determine the subtypes of C. parvum parasite in cow and calf stool samples by using GP60 gene sequence analysis. In our study, 125 samples evaluated as Cryptosporidium spp. positive by Kinyoun Acid Fast staining. A total of 16 samples of cows (> 22 months) and 109 calves (< 30 days) from farms in 2 regions of Türkiye (Burdur/Yesilova and Aydin provinces) were used. DNA isolation from feces was done with the QIAamp Stool Mini Kit. In order to identify Cryptosporidium species, PCR based on SSU 18S rRNA gene amplification was performed. The 18S gene sequences were compared to genebank to identify the specie of the infectious agent. Nested PCR was performed to amplify GP60 gene and sequences of amplicons were used to identify subtypes. The results of C. parvum subtyping study showed that IIaA13G2R1 subtype was found to be common. IIaA13G2R1 was detected in 100% of 29 stool samples with C. parvum in Burdur. The diversity was higher among Aydin samples (n=96), 67 (70%) were IIaA13G2R1, 15 (15,5%) IIaA14G1R1, 12(12,5%) IIaA2R1 and one sample (1%) was IIaA16R1 and one sample (1%) IIaA5G1R1. In subtype studies based on the GP60 sequence, IIaA15G2R1 was found to be the most common in the world. In our study, IIaA13G2R1 subtype detected in cattle in Türkiye was found to be common. Our study is the first Cryptosporidium parvum subtyping study in Aydın province. In our study, IIaA2R1 and IIaA5G1R1 subtypes were defined for the first time in the world, IIaA16R1 subtype in Türkiye. Molecular epidemiology studies are important for better understanding the dissemination of subtypes and IIaA13G2R1 is the most common subtype in Turkey and the IIaA15G2R1 the most common subtype in the world were absent among our samples.
Shaping active matter: from crystalline solids to active turbulence
Authors: Zhu Lailai , Yang Qianhong , Jiang Maoqiang , Picano Francesco 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Active matter drives its constituent agents to move autonomously by harnessing free energy, leading to diverse emergent states with relevance to both biological processes and inanimate functionalities. Achieving maximum reconfigurability of active materials with minimal control remains a desirable yet challenging goal. Here, we employ large-scale, agent-resolved simulations to demonstrate that modulating the activity of a wet phoretic medium alone can govern its solid-liquid-gas phase transitions and, subsequently, laminar-turbulent transitions in fluid phases, thereby shaping its emergent pattern. Our work reproduces and reconciles several seemingly conflicting experimental observations on phoretic active systems, presenting a unified landscape of their collective behaviors. These findings enhance the understanding of long-range, many-body interactions among phoretic agents, offer new insights into non-equilibrium collective phenomena, and provide guidelines for designing reconfigurable materials.
High Intrinsic Phase Stability of Ultrathin 1T′ WS2
Authors: Guan Cao , Liu Xiangye , Zhang Pingting , Wang Shiyao , Fang Yuqiang , Chen Jipeng , Zhao Chendong , Zhang Xian , Zhao Wei , Wang Junjie , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Metastable 1T′-phase transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) attract increasing interests owing to their fascinating physicochemical properties in superconductors, optical materials, and energy storage. However, spontaneous 1T′ to 2H phase transition severely hinders practical application of 1T′ TMD. In this study, through systematic investigation and theoretical simulation of phase change of 1T′ WS2, we demonstrate ultrathin 1T′ WS2 has significantly higher intrinsic thermal and antioxidant stabilities than the bulk counterparts. 1T′ to 2H phase transition temperature increases from 120°C to 350°C and durability increases from 2 days to more than 5 months in the air as thickness of 1T′ WS2 is lessened from bulk to monolayer. The higher stability of thinner 1T′ WS2 is attributed to stiffened intralayer bonds and enhanced thermal conductivity, originated from weakened interlayer Coulombic interactions. The high intrinsic phase stabilities of ultrathin 1T′ TMDs can pave the way for their wide tempting practical applications.
Brodalumab for moderate-severe hidradenitis suppurativa: an open-label multicentric cohort study in real clinical practice
Authors: Osorio-Gómez Guiovana Fernanda , Ortiz-Álvarez Juan , Sánchez Julián Conejo-Mir , Fernández-Crehuet Pablo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The use of biological therapy is becoming increasingly common in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Levels of serum TNF-alfa and IL17 support the role of an immune system dysregulation in the pathogenesis of HS. Brodalumab targets the receptor A of IL-17, thus having a promising role in the treatment of HS.
Material and methods
A multicenter longitudinal observational open-label study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals. Adults with moderate to severe HS under treatment with brodalumab 210 mg at week 0, 1, 2 and then every 2 weeks were included and assessed at week 0 and week 16. Demographic and disease-related variables as well as response parameters (HiSCR, IHS4 and PGA) and safety were recorded and analyzed.
Results
A total of 16 patients (75% males) were included in our study. 50% of patients presented an inflammatory phenotype and mean BMI was 28.37. HiSCR was achieved in 50% of patients and mean IHS4 decreased from 24.13 to 16.81 (p = 0.002). No differences were found between those who achieved HiSCR and those who did not. Grade 2 adverse events were reported in 3 patients with no fatal outcomes and treatment discontinuation was advised in 4 patients.
Conclusions
Brodalumab seems to be effective and safe in patients with moderate to severe HS, even in those that did not respond to adalimumab, which, at the moment, is the only approved biologic for this indication. Thus, it stands as an interesting option for the treatment of HS.