bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Macroline-Type Alkaloids Alstomicine and Alstofolinine A
Authors: Chen Wen , Zhang Hongbin , Wei Kai , Hu Wen , Sun Yucui , Zhu Tuo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMacroline-type monoterpenoid indole alkaloids represent a fascinating class of natural products with polycyclic structures, diverse biological and pharmacological activities. Herein the asymmetric total syntheses of two of this type alkaloids, (–)-Alstomicine and (–)-Alstofolinine A are reported. Notably, these two alkaloids are divergently synthesized from a common indole-fused azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane intermediate, which was easily obtained via a Mannich-type cyclization. An SmI2-mediated Reformatsky reaction and a Pd-catalyzed carbonylative lactonization are employed to construct the lactone moieties presented in Alstomicine and Alstofolinine A, respectively.
Invisible among the vulnerable: a nuanced perspective of energy poverty at the intersection of gender and disability in South Africa
Authors: Okyere Michael Adu , Lin Boqiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study addresses a crucial gap in the existing literature by exploring the intricate relationship between gender, disability, and energy poverty. While prior research has shown that females and persons with disabilities are more vulnerable to energy poverty, our study adopts an intersectionality framework to investigate how these identities interact with other variables, including life dissatisfaction, food insecurity, and energy subsidy, to shape the experience of energy deprivation. Using a series of robust techniques, our analysis of the General Household Survey in South Africa reveals several noteworthy findings. First, while females are less likely to be energy poor, the intersection between females and disability significantly amplifies their risk of energy poverty by 2.6%. Our mediation analysis further elucidates that life dissatisfaction and food insecurity serve as critical mechanisms through which this intersection exacerbates energy poverty. Importantly, we also find that the impact of energy subsidy is most effective when targeted toward females with disabilities, highlighting the need for tailored interventions. We call for policymakers and stakeholders to prioritize targeted energy subsidy schemes for persons with disabilities and females, recognizing the critical role such policies can play in mitigating energy poverty and promoting equity.
The national security law for Hong Kong: a corpus-driven comparative study of media representations between China’s and Anglo-American English-language press
Authors: Hou Zhide , Peng Qianni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study conducts a comparative phraseological analysis of media representations associated with the National Security Law for Hong Kong between China’s and Anglo-American English-language press. Based on a corpus-driven methodology, four framing functions, i.e., politics and law, protests and crime, action and future, and evaluation are identified to suggest how the legislation is addressed and understood in different press. The findings demonstrate that the Chinese press prefers to solely highlight the law’s potential benefits and its favorable results, whereas the Anglo-American press is inclined to construct the law as a weapon deployed by China to threaten Hong Kong’s legal system and undermine its democratic autonomy. The study discusses the newly politicalized Hong Kong in different socio-political practices and geopolitical tensions between China and the West.
Does government support affect private partners’ profitability in public–private partnerships? Evidence from China
Authors: Xu Han 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInfrastructures based on the idea of public–private partnership (PPP) contributes to promoting infrastructure investments, improving public services, and satisfying social demands worldwide over the last thirty years. Public sector support is a crucial factor in attracting the private sector. However, little is known about the effect of public sector support on investors’ profitability. Utilizing a conceptual framework and empirical analysis, in this paper, we explore the dual impact of government support on PPP firm profitability. Our model shows that while compliant government support can theoretically enhance a PPP firm’s profitability, some supportive behavior may harm the firm’s profitability. Employing unique comprehensive project-level and firm-level data on 555 Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2019 and new variables to measure government support, we find that while inclusion in the national PPP platform can enhance firm profitability by 8.2%, increased shareholding reduces firm profitability significantly by −23.3%. Our results imply that the government should reasonably support the private sector in PPP projects. Our study extends the literature on the role of government support in PPP projects.
How does online streaming reform e-commerce? An empirical assessment of immersive experience and social interaction in China
Authors: Shiu Jerry Yuwen , Liao Shi Ting , Tzeng Shian-Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study examined why live-stream commerce is superior to traditional e-commerce since its retail sales have been booming in China and the communication style with live broadcast technology is entirely different. An integrated model was employed to predict the drivers or restraints of this new business model to substantiate the existence of a lacuna in understanding individual and situational influences. The research described a study that used a combination of information processing theory and flow theory within a Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework to investigate how individual factors and situational factors influence the experience of flow. An integrated model was proposed that stimuli such as individual (i.e., perceived interactivity) and situational influences (i.e., dynamic characteristics and atmosphere clues) can elicit the intrinsic states of organisms (i.e., immersive experience and social interaction), which then result in a response (i.e., online purchase intention). Some shoppers with live-streaming experiences in China were invited to participate in online surveys in 2020. The structural equation modeling results (n = 408) show that atmosphere clues and perceived interactivity of streaming attributes can contribute to both immersive experience and social interaction, predicting consumers’ intention to transact in the new e-commerce. However, the current dynamic/situational infrastructures can only improve the immersive experience but do not assure effective social interaction, leading to the need for continuous tasks in digital development and the directions for future research.
Community well-being dimensions in Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamad Syahrul Nizam , Johari Shazali , Adam Assim Mohamad Ibrani Shahrimin , Mohammad Afandi Syamsul Herman , Khan Waseem Razzaq , Hassan Suziana 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe local communities living around national parks or areas like World Heritage Site (WHS) are crucial stakeholders to such settings. Their well-being needs to be unraveled so that the holistic management of the national park is in good condition to stabilize its status as WHS through the support and empowerment of the community. Numerous studies have been conducted on the biodiversity and geology of Gunung Mulu National Park (GMNP), but the community psychology aspect that is the foundation of conservation efforts has not been addressed. Therefore, this study aims to examine the community well-being dimensions in terms of environment, economics, social aspects as well as authority intervention based on the perspective of the local community and professionals with an emphasis on the current issues in GMNP. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in this study through a questionnaire to 99 local communities, and individual interviews that were conducted in GMNP and four nearby villages. Data were analyzed descriptively with four themes: environment; economics; social; and authority intervention. The findings showed that locals were satisfied in residing area in terms of environmental conditions. However, it does not reflect the actual situation, i.e., river water cloudiness, wildlife threat, degradation of wetlands, and solid waste issues are still happening. The constraints of the COVID-19 pandemic portrayed that they were very dissatisfied with their monthly income, which is very low compared to before. In terms of social, the services and facilities, especially treated water and electricity need improvement. It also noted that authority intervention especially related to road proposal, financial and skills assistance, and community conflicts could influence locals’ support for the planning and policies implemented in the national parks or WHS areas. This study suggests that relevant stakeholders should emphasize bottom-up approaches by considering aspects of community well-being that stem from multiple dimensions in order to achieve holistic national park management.
Rare-metal-free Zn–air batteries with ultrahigh voltage and high power density achieved by iron azaphthalocyanine unimolecular layer (AZUL) electrocatalysts and acid/alkaline tandem aqueous electrolyte cells
Authors: Ishibashi Kosuke , Ito Koju , Yabu Hiroshi 
Published: May 2023

Zn–air batteries have only been used in limited applications, such as hearing aid batteries, due to their low power density and standard voltage of around 1.4 V. Therefore, to use Zn–air batteries as a drive power source in cutting-edge devices such as drones, it is essential to improve the drive voltage and output power density. Here, we propose Zn–air batteries with a high potential (∼2.25 V) and high power density (∼318 mW/cm2) by using the newly designed iron azaphthalocyanine unimolecular layer (AZUL) electrocatalyst and a tandem Zn–air battery cell. The AZUL electrocatalyst in this new type of cell had a high electrochemical stability and high oxygen reduction reaction performance in the ultralow pH region, in which Pt and other metallic and inorganic electrocatalysts cannot be used. Furthermore, the tandem-electrolyte cells had a cell voltage of over 1.0 V at a high discharge current density of 200 mA/cm2, and the output power density was 1139 mWh/g(Zn) at 100 mA/cm2 discharge.
Complex magnetic ordering behavior in the frustrated perovskite Ba2MnMoO6
Authors: Coomer Fiona C. , Mutch Heather M. , Mustonen Otto , Pughe Charlotte , Cussen Serena A. , Ramos Silvia , Hillier Adrian D. , Cussen Edmund J. 
Published: May 2023

New and exotic ground states of magnetic materials are highly sought after and are extensively studied for the insights they provide into the thermodynamics of disorder and fundamental magnetic interactions. By controlling the crystal structure of an appropriate magnetic lattice, it is possible to cause the strong magnetic exchange interactions to sum to zero and so be frustrated. Due to the presence of this frustration, the lowest energy configuration that results may be crucially dependent on the tiniest of energy differences between a multitude of states that have (almost) the same energy. The keen interest in these materials arises from the fact that these finely balanced systems offer a way of probing classical or quantum mechanical interactions that are of fundamental importance but are too weak to be observed in non-frustrated systems. Here, we combine local and crystallographic probes of the cation-ordered double perovskite Ba2MnMoO6 that contains a face-centered cubic lattice of S = 5/2 Mn2+ cations. Neutron diffraction measurements below 9.27(7) K indicate that a fourfold degenerate non-collinear antiferromagnetic state exists with almost complete ordering of the Mn2+ spins. Muon spin relaxation measurements provide a local probe of the magnetic fields inside this material over the t1/2 = 2.2 µs lifetime of a muon, indicating a slightly lower Néel transition temperature of 7.9(1) K. The dc susceptibility data do not show the loss of magnetization that should accompany the onset of the antiferromagnetic order; they indicate that a strongly antiferromagnetically coupled paramagnetic state [θ = −73(3) K] persists down to 4 K, at which temperature a weak transition occurs. The behavior of this material differs considerably from the closely related compositions Ba2MnMO6 (M = W, Te), which show collinear ordering arrangements and well defined antiferromagnetic transitions in the bulk susceptibility. This suggests that the Mo6+ cation leads to a fine balance between the nearest and next-nearest neighbor superexchange in these frustrated double perovskite structures.
Halide alloying and role of central atom on the structural and optical properties of decylammonium germanium 2D perovskites
Authors: Chiara Rossella , Accorsi Gianluca , Listorti Andrea , Coduri Mauro , Coccia Clarissa , Tedesco Costanza , Morana Marta , Malavasi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2023

We report here a novel series of halide alloyed Ge-containing 2D perovskites including decylammonium as organic spacer, namely DA2Ge(Br1−xIx)4. This system forms a continuous solid solution on the halide site with a modulation of the bandgap from 2.74 to 2.17 eV with a rapid decrease up to x = 0.5 followed by a plateau. Iodide-rich compositions show enhanced broad room temperature (RT) photoluminescence (PL) that narrows at low temperature with maximum quantum yields for mixed compositions. The replacement of Ge with Pb and Sn in DA2GeBr4 and DA2GeI4 provides a tuning of the bandgap in the whole visible spectrum with a marked blue-shift when lead is present and, opposite, a red-shift for Sn replacement. The RT PL progressively broadens moving from Pb to Sn and to Ge covering an emission range from 400 to 800 nm. Finally, the air stability of lead-free 2D perovskites of this work has been determined indicating its improvement by increasing the hardness of the halide.
Determining the height of deep volcanic eruptions over the tropical western Pacific with Himawari-8
Authors: Lucas Chris 
Published: May 2023

Volcanic eruptions are significant aviation hazards due to the formation of airborne volcanic ash clouds. Further, deep eruptions that reach the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere may have significant weather and climate impacts. A key variable for both dispersion model forecasting for aviation hazards and understanding climate impacts is the volcanic plume height. This work presents a method to quickly and reliably estimate the maximum plume heights of volcanic eruptions that interact with the tropical tropopause layer in the tropical western Pacific region. The method uses infrared (11.2 μm) data from Himawari-8 to identify ‘stratospheric warm spots’ in optically thick portions of the eruption cloud top by searching for reversals in the local-brightness temperature gradient. The brightness temperature of these warm spots is converted to height using seasonal stratospheric reference temperature profiles derived from 20 years of radiosonde data from 17 stations spread throughout the western Pacific. An approach for estimating the height of cold ‘overshooting tops’ is also adopted. Based on the radiosonde data, estimates of the uncertainty in the plume height depend on the height and range within 0.5–5.0 km. A case study of the 19 December 2021 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai demonstrates the technique. The heights are robustly determined with this simple technique and compare well with height estimates of eruptions in the literature that use more complex satellite techniques.
Type does matter!
Authors: Schmid Pascale , Carim jr. Guido , Sargent David , Falla Dominique 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Electronic documentation is gaining importance in aviation and
medicine. However, the literature on typographic conventions is rather
scattered. Therefore, this systematic literature review examined the landscape
of literature addressing typography in electronic documentation in aviation and
medicine. The research examined the presence of typographic considerations,
level of depth, choice of medium and documentation examples. The results
demonstrate that out of 65 publications, 35 address typography in varying depth
and often rely on inherited misconceptions. Typographic conventions are
transferred from physical to electronic mediums without questioning and remain
undervalued. These findings highlight the need for improved legibility in
electronic documentation.
(Re)construction of teacher identities in a soft-CLIL context
Authors: Gülşen Erhan , Dikilitaş Kenan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigates 4 secondary school Turkish EFL teachers’ perceptions of their experiences in a new Soft-Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) context and explores whether these experiences led to the (re)construction of their identities. The data was collected through a focus group interview, netnography, and stimulated recalls and analyzed on the basis of inductive content analysis. According to the findings, role conflicts caused by lack of pedagogical knowledge on how to integrate content and language impeded a construction of an encompassing CLIL teacher identity. Therefore, ultimately, identity (re)construction was based on either content or language teacher identities. Adopting an interpretive paradigm, our study highlights the importance of investigating new CLIL teachers’ perceptions of their experiences in understanding their identity (re)constructions. It could thus offer implications for similar contexts, particularly by showing the importance of gathering teachers’ perceptions of experiences for CLIL teacher development.
The use of invitations to bid in classroom interaction
Authors: Park Jae-Eun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study explores the interactional meaning of an invitation to bid in Korean elementary school EFL classroom interaction by adopting a conversation analytic perspective. The study argues that participants use invitations to bid to indicate that a question elicits knowledge worthy of public demonstration. The analysis of thirteen video-recorded EFL lessons revealed that teachers use invitations to bid, fulfilling instructional agenda or demands whether they are set up at the beginning of an activity or arise midway. Students similarly invite themselves to bid, showing their understanding of the meaning that the practice carries. While teachers overwhelmingly accept students’ self-invitations, they may reject them in light of the details of instructional here and now. It is argued that deciding which student population should reply is a matter of negotiation although teachers have the final say, oriented to consequences of turn allocation on the work of teaching in progress.
Infrared laser ablation dynamics using light scattering
Authors: Deenamulla Achala , Murray Kermit K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The dynamics of infrared laser ablation at atmospheric pressure was studied employing continuous visible laser light scattering in the expanding plume. A pulsed infrared optical parametric oscillator at 2940 nm wavelength and 5 ns pulse width was used to irradiate samples comprising liquid glycerol or 50 µm thick sections of rat liver tissue. The scattered light from the expanding laser ablation plume was measured using a 532 nm continuous laser parallel to the target and several millimeters above the ablated spot. The scattered light was recorded using a photomultiplier detector and the signal used to estimate the time at which the plume front passed through the continuous laser beam. The velocity of the ablation plume was obtained from consecutive time and distance measurements and the fraction of the laser energy transferred to the expanding shock wave was determined using the Taylor shock wave model. Plume modeling calculations indicate that the ablation is driven by phase explosion that is thermally confined and near the stress confinement regime.
Optimal design of iron-cored coil sensor in magnetic flux leakage detection of thick-walled steel pipe
Authors: Wang Rongbiao , Yu Haozhi , Tang Jian , Feng Bo , Kang Yihua , Song Kai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Thick-walled steel pipes, which bear high internal pressure, are widely applied in nuclear power and pressure pipelines. If there are defects in the inner wall, they are easy to expand and cause accidents. Therefore, the thick-walled steel pipe must be subject to non-destructive testing after production. For the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing method, the detection sensitivity gradually decreases with the increase of wall thickness. To solve this problem, a new structure of MFL probe is proposed in this paper. The influence of the iron core permeability on the MFL signal is analyzed theoretically, and the effect of the core length and diameter on the MFL signal is analyzed by simulation. The variation of the MFL signal with the change of the iron core and coil lift-off is studied respectively. The simulation results are verified by experiments. It is found that the lift-off of the iron-cored coil is determined by the iron core position. Based on this phenomenon, an MFL array probe is designed, which can be used for online detection of thick-walled steel pipes to improve the detection sensitivity of inner wall defects.
Cost-effective experiments with additively manufactured waveguide and cavities in the S-band
Authors: Karatay Anıl , Yılmaz Hasan Önder , Özkal Ceren , Yaman Fatih 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study demonstrates the applicability of additively manufactured components that are metalized with conductive tape for two different microwave experiments. We focus on dielectric measurements and prototyping elliptical accelerator cavities at a low power regime for 2.45 GHz. To illustrate the accuracy of our results for the commonly used solid/liquid materials in engineering and to compare the fundamental accelerator cavity parameters with previous research rectangular and elliptic 3D-printed cavities coated with aluminum-type tape were employed in the experiments. Results reported for the complex-valued permittivities and specific design parameters for the cavity prototype are consistent with the literature. Various approaches to obtain the conductivity value of the tape and the effect of the roughness/thickness of the coating on the reflection parameter are discussed in detail. We confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which reduces costs and provides a high degree of accuracy for investigated applications.
Investigation of iron oxide shell and iron core in magnetically-assisted synthetized wire-like nanochains
Authors: Krajewski Marcin , Liou Sz-Chian , Kubacki Jerzy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The zerovalent iron (Fe0) nanomaterials tend to be spontaneously oxidized in the presence of oxygen. This leads to the formation of interface composed of iron core and thin iron oxide shell. These structures are frequently observed with transmission electron microscope but, at the same time, it is hard to determine the precise structural and chemical composition of oxide shell. This feature is very important for possible applications of Fe0 nanostructures. Hence, the present work aims to deliver more detailed insights in this topic. The investigations are performed for the iron nanochains prepared in the magnetic-field-induce reduction of FeCl3 by NaBH4. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy confirm that the iron nanochains are covered by very thin oxide layer not exceeding over 3 nm. Moreover, the detailed XPS analyses of O 1s and Fe 2p lines indicate that the iron oxide shell reveals Fe3O4 nature. Moreover, this work demonstrated that some by-products of the reaction containing boron are presented in the sample even after a removal of the thin iron oxide shell by Ar+ treatment.