bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOT in combination with solifenacin or intravaginal prasterone in postmenopausal women with mixed urinary incontinence: A retrospective analysis in 112 patients
Authors: Sala Federica , Loggia Melania , Cardella Giorgia , Morgani Claudia , Grossi Giovanni , Zullo Marzio Angelo , Valensise Herbert Carmelo Carlo , Palazzetti Pier Luigi , Schiavi Michele Carlo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the transobturator tape (TOT) procedure combined with solifenacin (TOT‐S) or prasterone (TOT‐P) in postmenopausal women affected by mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) with a predominant stress urinary incontinence component.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis including 112 patients: 60 patients of the TOT‐S group and 52 patients of the TOT‐P group. Physical examination, 3‐day voiding diary, urodynamic tests, and Vaginal Health Index (VHI) were compared at the beginning of the analysis and after 12 weeks of follow‐up (FU). Specific questionnaires were administered to indagate the impact on women's quality of life and sexual function.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of FU, the detrusor's peak flow pressure was significantly different between the two groups (p = .02). Detrusor overactivity decreased only in the TOT‐P group (p = .05). At the end of FU, 58 patients (96.7%) of the TOT‐S group and 50 patients (96.2%) of the TOT‐P group were dry at the stress test. A significative group difference was observed in urge urinary incontinence (24 h) (p = .01) but not in the mean number of voids (24 h) and urgent micturition events (24 h). VHI improved only in the TOT‐P group (12.57 ± 3.80 vs. 19.75 ± 4.13, p < .0001). The questionnaires and Patient Global Index of Improvement (PGI‐I) scores showed comparable improvements, while the Female Sexual Function Index improved especially in the TOT‐P group (p < .001).ConclusionsIn postmenopausal women with MUI, TOT‐P demonstrated the same effectiveness as TOT‐S in reducing urinary symptoms. In addition, TOT‐P increased VHI and sexual function scores compared with TOT‐S.
Access to bank financing and start‐up resilience: A survival analysis across business sectors in a time of crisis
Authors: Castaldo Angelo , Pittiglio Rosanna , Reganati Filippo , Sarno Domenico 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe presence of exogenous global shocks due to the 2007/2008 economic and financial crisis and the current global pandemic crisis are deeply hampering economic operators' overall ability to access credit. Small and medium‐sized enterprises and start‐ups are most severely affected by credit rationing. This paper investigates whether access to bank loans in the early stage of a start‐up's lifecycle is a predictor of a firm's default in a time of economic crisis. We ground our analysis on a firm‐level longitudinal data set of Italian new capital companies born from 2004 to 2006. Implementing a discrete‐time proportional hazard model we study their likelihood of default up to 2014 after controlling for a consistent number of other firms, industry and innovation related characteristics. The main findings confirm that access to bank loans significantly enhances the resilience of Italian start‐ups. By taking into consideration the sectoral degree of innovation where firms operate, we also find that bank financing still exerts a positive influence on firm survival in both less and more innovative industries. However, there is evidence of a stronger positive influence on of long‐term debt on the survival of firms operating in low‐ and medium‐low innovative industries.
Geography, environment, and colonization history interact with morph type to shape genomic variation in an Arctic fish
Authors: Salisbury Sarah J. , Perry Robert , Keefe Don , McCracken Gregory R. , Layton Kara K. S. , Kess Tony , Bradbury Ian R. , Ruzzante Daniel E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolymorphic species are useful models for investigating the evolutionary processes driving diversification. Such processes include colonization history as well as contemporary selection, gene flow, and genetic drift, which can vary between intraspecific morphs as a function of their distinct life histories. The interactive and relative influence of such evolutionary processes on morph differentiation critically informs morph‐specific management decisions and our understanding of incipient speciation. We therefore investigated how geographic distance, environmental conditions, and colonization history interacted with morph migratory capacity in the highly polymorphic fish species, Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Using an 87 k SNP chip we genetically characterized recently evolved anadromous, resident, and landlocked charr collected from 45 locations across a secondary contact zone of three charr glacial lineages in eastern Canada. A strong pattern of isolation by distance across all populations suggested geographic distance principally shaped genetic structure. Landlocked populations had lower genetic diversities and higher genetic differentiation than anadromous populations. However, effective population size was generally temporally stable in landlocked populations in comparison to anadromous populations. Genetic diversity positively correlated with latitude, potentially indicating southern anadromous populations' vulnerability to climate change and greater introgression between the Arctic and Atlantic glacial lineages in northern Labrador. Local adaptation was suggested by the observation of several environmental variables strongly associating with functionally relevant outlier genes including a region on chromosome AC21 potentially associated with anadromy. Our results demonstrate that gene flow, colonization history, and local adaptation uniquely interact to influence the genetic variation and evolutionary trajectory of populations.
Medical students' academic satisfaction: Social cognitive factors matter
Authors: An Min , Ma Xuanxuan , Wu Hongbin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeAcademic satisfaction (AS)—the extent to which people enjoy their role or experiences as medical students—has important implications for well‐being and career development. This study explores the relationships between social cognitive factors and AS in a Chinese medical education context.MethodThe social cognitive model of academic satisfaction (SCMAS) was adopted as the theoretical framework. Within this model, AS is assumed to be related to social cognitive factors—environmental supports, outcome expectations, perceived goal progress and self‐efficacy. Demographic variables, financial pressure, college entrance examination scores and social cognitive constructs in SCMAS were collected. To explore the relationships between medical students' social cognitive factors and AS, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe final sampled data consisted of 127 042 medical students from 119 medical institutions. Demographic variables, financial pressure and college entrance examination scores were first entered in Model 1, explaining 4% of the variance in AS. Social cognitive factors were entered in Model 2, explaining an additional 39% of the variance. Medical students would report higher levels of AS when they (a) held strong confidence in their skills needed for success in studying medicine (β = 0.20, p < 0.05), (b) had optimistic beliefs about the outcome of studying medicine (β = 0.40, p < 0.05), (c) felt that they were making good progress in studying medicine (β = 0.06, p < 0.05) and (d) believed that they received adequate environmental support (β = 0.25, p < 0.05). The outcome expectations showed the strongest correlation with AS, and each 1‐point increase was associated with 0.39 points on the AS score, controlling for all other factors in the model.ConclusionsSocial cognitive factors play an important role in medical students' AS. Intervention programmes or courses aiming to improve medical students' AS are advised to consider social cognitive factors.
Schwann cells and myelin in human peripheral nerve: Major protein components vary with age, axon size and pathology
Authors: Pestronk Alan , Schmidt Robert E. , Bucelli Robert , Sim Julia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsWe examined major protein components of Schwann cells (SCs) and myelin in normal and diseased human peripheral nerves.MethodsWe evaluated distributions of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), P0 protein (P0) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in frozen sections of 98 sural nerves.ResultsNon‐myelinating SC in normal adults contained NCAM, but not P0 or MBP. With chronic axon loss, SC without associated axons (Büngner band cells) often co‐stained for both NCAM and P0. Onion bulb cells also co‐stained for both P0 and NCAM. Infants had many SC with MBP but no P0. All myelin sheaths contained P0. Myelin around large, and some intermediate‐sized, axons co‐stained for both MBP and P0. Myelin on other intermediate‐sized axons had P0, but no MBP. Regenerated axons often had sheaths with MBP, P0 and some NCAM. During active axon degeneration, myelin ovoids often co‐stained for MBP, P0 and NCAM. Demyelinating neuropathy patterns included SC (NCAM) loss, and myelin with abnormally distributed, or reduced, P0.ConclusionsPeripheral nerve SC and myelin have varied molecular phenotypes, related to age, axon size and nerve pathology. In normal adult peripheral nerve, myelin has two different patterns of molecular composition. MBP is mostly absent from myelin around a population of intermediate‐sized axons, whereas P0 is present in myelin around all axons. Denervated SCs have a molecular signature that differs from normal SC types. With acute denervation, SCs may stain for both NCAM and MBP. Chronically denervated SCs often stain for both NCAM and P0.
Phylogenomics sheds new light on the drivers behind a long‐lasting systematic riddle: the figwort family Scrophulariaceae
Authors: Villaverde Tamara , Larridon Isabel , Shah Toral , Fowler Rachael M. , Chau John H. , Olmstead Richard G. , Sanmartín Isabel 
Published: March 2023

Summary

The figwort family, Scrophulariaceae, comprises c. 2000 species whose evolutionary relationships at the tribal level have proven difficult to resolve, hindering our ability to understand their origin and diversification.

We designed a specific probe kit for Scrophulariaceae, targeting 849 nuclear loci and obtaining plastid regions as by‐products. We sampled c. 87% of the genera described in the family and use the nuclear dataset to estimate evolutionary relationships, timing of diversification, and biogeographic patterns.

Ten tribes, including two new tribes, Androyeae and Camptolomeae, are supported, and the phylogenetic positions of Androya, Camptoloma, and Phygelius are unveiled. Our study reveals a major diversification at c. 60 million yr ago in some Gondwanan landmasses, where two different lineages diversified, one of which gave rise to nearly 81% of extant species. A Southern African origin is estimated for most modern‐day tribes, with two exceptions, the American Leucophylleae, and the mainly Australian Myoporeae. The rapid mid‐Eocene diversification is aligned with geographic expansion within southern Africa in most tribes, followed by range expansion to tropical Africa and multiple dispersals out of Africa.

Our robust phylogeny provides a framework for future studies aimed at understanding the role of macroevolutionary patterns and processes that generated Scrophulariaceae diversity.
Perioperative management of pediatric patients undergoing juvenile angiofibroma resection. A case series and educational review highlighting patient blood management
Authors: Longacre M. M. , Seshadri S. C. , Adil E. , Baird L. C. , Goobie S. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are one of the most enigmatic, bloody tumors encountered by otorhinolarygnologists, head and neck surgeons, neurosurgeons, and anesthesiologists. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas are rare, benign, highly vascular tumors with a propensity towards aggressive local invasion. Surgery, open or endoscopic, to remove the growth is the primary treatment of choice for Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. Historically, surgical resection was associated with massive, rapid blood loss, traditionally managed by blood product transfusion and deliberate hypotension. Preventative management employing multimodal blood conservation strategies should be an essential standard of perioperative care for patients with Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas.MethodsWe describe a contemporary and comprehensive approach in the management of patients with high grade Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. This includes surgical strategies such as preemptive external carotid artery embolization, endoscopic surgical approach, and staged operations, as well as anesthetic strategies including antifibrinolytic therapy and acute normovolemic hemodilution. These surgeries, once synonymous with massive transfusion, may potentially be performed without allogeneic blood transfusion, or deliberate hypotension.AimsUsing a case series, the authors introduce a contemporary approach to multimodal, multidisciplinary blood conservation strategies for Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas surgery.ResultsHere in the authors report on an updated contemporary perioperative clinical approach to patients with Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas. From an anesthetic perspective, we describe the successful use of normal hemodynamic goals, restrictive transfusion strategy, antifibrinolytic therapy, autologous normovolemic hemodilution, and early extubation in the care of three adolescent males with highly invasive tumors. We demonstrate that new surgical and anesthetic strategies have yielded a significant decrease in intraoperative blood loss and eliminated the need for transfusion of autologous red blood cells, which enable improved outcomes.ConclusionsThe perioperative approach to elective surgery for Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas management is presented from a multidisciplinary patient blood management perspective.
Is public health concern a sufficient reason to illegalize consensual incest?
Authors: Campo Redondo Maria , Andrade Gabriel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIncest taboos are universal, but it is questionable whether consensual incest should continue to be illegal. The most common argument in favor of the illegalization of consensual incest appeals to genetic risks and the harm to potential offspring. In this article, we examine whether public health concern is a sufficient reason to illegalize consensual incest. We posit that indeed, incest represents a risk, but this is not reason enough to illegalize incest. For, other circumstances of sexual intercourse may lead to similar risks, and yet, such practices are not illegal. While those practices may represent an added risk to public health, to forbid them as a way to improve the genetic pool would be akin to eugenic program, and that is morally objectionable. This does not imply that consensual incest ought to be legal, for there may be other good reasons to illegalize it. But they do not relate to public health and genetic risks, and consequently, medical practitioners and public health officials ought to avoid using their medical authority as a platform to make moral pronouncements.
Integrating GRASS GIS and Jupyter Notebooks to facilitate advanced geospatial modeling education
Authors: Haedrich Caitlin , Petras Vaclav , Petrasova Anna , Blumentrath Stefan , Mitasova Helena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOpen education materials are critical for the advancement of open science and the development of open‐source software. These accessible and transparent materials provide an important pathway for sharing both standard geospatial analysis workflows and advanced research methods. Computational notebooks allow users to share live code with in‐line visualizations and narrative text, making them a powerful interactive teaching tool for geospatial analytics. Specifically, Jupyter Notebooks are quickly becoming a standard format in open education. In this article, we introduce a new GRASS GIS package, grass.jupyter, that enhances the existing GRASS Python API to allow Jupyter Notebook users to easily manage and visualize GRASS data including spatiotemporal datasets. While there are many Python‐based geospatial libraries available for use in Jupyter Notebooks, GRASS GIS has extensive geospatial functionality including support for multi‐temporal analysis and dynamic simulations, making it a powerful teaching tool for advanced geospatial analytics. We discuss the development of grass.jupyter and demonstrate how the package facilitates teaching open‐source geospatial modeling with a collection of Jupyter Notebooks designed for a graduate‐level geospatial modeling course. The open education notebooks feature spatiotemporal data visualizations, hydrologic modeling, and spread simulations such as the spread of invasive species and urban growth.
Light propagation in Kerr spacetime
Authors: Dahal Pravin Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe explicitly solve the equations for the propagation of an electromagnetic wave up to the subleading order geometric optics expansion in the Kerr spacetime. This is done in two nontrivial steps. We first construct a set of parallel propagated null tetrad in Kerr spacetime. Two of the components of such tetrad give the propagation and polarization of an electromagnetic wave in geometric optics approximation. Then we use the parallel propagated tetrad to solve the modified trajectory equation in Kerr spacetime. We obtain the wavelength-dependent deviation of the trajectory of electromagnetic waves, which gives the mathematical description of the gravitational spin Hall effect in Kerr spacetime.
On-Site Computed Tomography–Derived Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide Management of Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The TARGET Randomized Trial
Authors: Yang Junjie , Shan Dongkai , Wang Xi , Sun Xiaoqing , Shao Meihua , Wang Kan , Pan Yueying , Wang Zhiqiang , Schoepf U. Joseph , Savage Rock H. , Zhang Mei , Dong Mei , Xu Lei , Zhou Yujie , Ma Xiang , Hu Xinyang , Xia Liming , Zeng Hesong , Liu Zinuan , Chen Yundai ,   on behalf of the TARGET Investigators
Published: March 2023

Background:
Computed tomography–derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) using on-site machine learning enables identification of both the presence of coronary artery disease and vessel-specific ischemia. However, it is unclear whether on-site CT-FFR improves clinical or economic outcomes when compared with the standard of care in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Methods:
In total, 1216 patients with stable coronary artery disease and an intermediate stenosis of 30% to 90% on coronary computed tomographic angiography were randomized to an on-site CT-FFR care pathway using machine learning or to standard care in 6 Chinese medical centers. The primary end point was the proportion of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography without obstructive coronary artery disease or with obstructive disease who did not undergo intervention within 90 days. Secondary end points included major adverse cardiovascular events, quality of life, symptoms of angina, and medical expenditure at 1 year.

Results:

Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups, with 72.4% (881/1216) having either typical or atypical anginal symptoms. A total of 421 of 608 patients (69.2%) in the CT-FFR care group and 483 of 608 patients (79.4%) in the standard care group underwent invasive coronary angiography. Compared with standard care, the proportion of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography without obstructive coronary artery disease or with obstructive disease not undergoing intervention was significantly reduced in the CT-FFR care group (28.3% [119/421] versus 46.2% [223/483];
P
<0.001). Overall, more patients underwent revascularization in the CT-FFR care group than in the standard care group (49.7% [302/608] versus 42.8% [260/608];
P
=0.02), but major adverse cardiovascular events at 1 year did not differ (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.59–1.30]). Quality of life and symptoms improved similarly during follow-up in both groups, and there was a trend towards lower costs in the CT-FFR care group (difference, –¥4233 [95% CI, –¥8165 to ¥973];
P
=0.07).

Conclusions:
On-site CT-FFR using machine learning reduced the proportion of patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing invasive coronary angiography without obstructive disease or requiring intervention within 90 days, but increased revascularization overall without improving symptoms or quality of life, or reducing major adverse cardiovascular events.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03901326.
A modified Delphi process to form an expert consensus in Ireland on the essential information to be included in shared decision making for varicose vein surgery
Authors: Kiernan Aoife , Moneley Daragh , Doyle Frank , Harkin Denis W 
Published: March 2023

Objective To reach consensus on a core set of essential information for inclusion in the informed consent process to standardize consent for VV surgery. Methods Using a modified electronic Delphi (e-Delphi) method, a panel of experts in Ireland, were asked to rate statements of essential information to include in the informed consent process with patients. Statements were rated using a 5-point Likert scale. The definition of consensus was declared at 70% agreement by the panel. Results Twenty-three panel members accepted the invitation to participate across three e-Delphi rounds. Consensus was reached on 33/42 statements, covering general and procedural information and the risks, benefits and alternatives of varicose veins (VV) surgery. Several statements remained equivocal, having not met consensus by the panel. Conclusion Considerable consensus was reached within the panel of experts but some gaps in available research were also highlighted. This consensus may provide the framework to aid physicians to deliver a standardized discussion of the key elements of consent and shared decision making with patients.
Rheometeric, ultrasonic and acoustical shielding properties of Cu-alloy/silicone rubber composites for electronic applications
Authors: Mahmoud Doaa S , El-Sabbagh Salwa H , El-Basheer Tarek M , Moustafa AM , Barakat Mirham AY 
Published: March 2023

Silicone rubber (SR) is a highly adaptable material that is attractive for a variety of applications, including electronics, construction, and aerospace. In general, adding Cu-Al-Zn alloy to the SR matrix improved the mechanical properties of rubber composites and noise attenuation. The mechanical, magnetic, ultrasonic, and acoustic characteristics of the resulting SR-composites were characterized. According to variations in treated Cu-alloy loading, ultrasonic measurements were performed as the ultrasonic velocities, Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, acoustic impedance, ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, and micro-hardness. Results indicated that adding treated Cu-alloy to SR-composites improves them significantly. They showed that curing time decreases gradually, tensile strength increases constantly and elongation at break of SR-composites has maximum value at 15% treated Cu-alloy. The coupling agent 3-(Trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) improves the mechanical properties of the composites by forming a network structure in the SR matrix and enhancing the interfacial interaction between the Cu-alloy and the SR matrix. The acoustic sound absorption coefficient, reflection coefficient, and damping factor calculations were studied in addition to the decibel drop ranging from 0.4–4.9 dB. The composite sample SR-4 is considered to have the optimal percentage of the selected acoustic properties studied. Thus, the shielding efficiency of SR-composite increased with increasing content of Cu-alloy which makes it applicable in ear plugs and electronic applications.