bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reconciling vision of the Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System
Authors: Eusebi Borzelli Gian Luca , Carniel Sandro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe bimodal oscillating system (BiOS) consists in an oscillation of the Ionian Sea surface structure with period of 12–13 years, which reflects in a near-surface circulation inversion. BiOS regimes are deeply interconnected with the circulation patterns of the Eastern Mediterranean, and it is a dominant process governing water masses formation, air-sea fluxes and bio-geochemical properties, which impacts living organisms. The BiOS has been partially explained as a self-sustained oscillation maintained by the interplay between Adriatic dense water formation and changes in the relative volume of waters of Levantine and Atlantic origin entering the Adriatic; however, attempts have also been made to explain the BiOS in terms of atmospheric-related processes. Despite the intensive research aiming at reproducing this oscillating system, the fundamental question “which is the source of energy necessary to initiate the BiOS?” has, until now, remained unanswered. The scope of this paper is two-fold. First, we document that, since 1993, two periods in the BiOS can be observed: a first one, between 1993 and 2017, during which the BiOS damped up to nearly disappear, with e-folding time of 11 years; and a second one, starting in 2017, during which the BiOS revitalized. Then, we propose here an analytical model that, under a two-layer ocean assumption, shows how it is possible for winds rotating in the same direction to initiate oscillations of the free surface, as result of the competing effects of wind and internal fluid pressure fields. The proposed model forced with wind data could successfully reproduce the characteristic time scales of the BiOS cycle over the period 1993–2019, and is therefore offered as a novel vision explaining the originating mechanism as the basis of its initiation, as well as a fundamental tool to address possible BiOS regimes in future climate scenarios.
Gezielte medikamentöse Therapie der pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie nach den aktuellen Leitlinien
Authors: Grünig Ekkehard , Egenlauf Benjamin , Benjamin Nicola , Braun Moritz , Harutyunova Satenik , Winterbauer Marc , Klose Hans 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel stellt die gezielte Therapie der pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie (PAH) vor. Die medikamentöse Therapie der PAH hat sich in den letzten Jahren entscheidend verbessert und
ermöglicht heute vielen Patienten eine deutliche Verbesserung der körperlichen Belastbarkeit, Lebensqualität und des Langzeitüberlebens. Die neuen ESC/ERS-Leitlinien zur pulmonalen
Hypertonie haben die aus vielen neuen Studien entstandenen Evidenzen zusammengetragen, bewertet und den therapeutischen Algorithmus und die Therapieempfehlungen entsprechend angepasst. In
dem folgenden Artikel werden die neuen Empfehlungen zur medikamentösen Therapie der PAH zusammengefasst und eingeordnet. Die PAH-Therapie wird wie bisher am Schweregrad der Erkrankung
orientiert, der bei Diagnose nach einem 3-Risikostufen-Modell abgeschätzt wird. Neu ist die Anwendung eines 4-stufigen Risikomodells bei der Therapieanpassung im Krankheitsverlauf. In den
neuen Leitlinien werden erstmals auch Therapieempfehlungen für Patienten mit PAH und Komorbiditäten gegeben.
Allgemeine Therapie der pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie nach den neuen Leitlinien
Authors: Benjamin Nicola , Resag Carolin , Weinstock Kilian , Grünig Ekkehard 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungIn den neuen Leitlinien (LL) für pulmonalarterielle Hypertonie (PAH) sind die allgemeinen Maßnahmen ein integraler Bestandteil der Behandlung der Patienten. Auch die systemischen
Auswirkungen der pulmonalen Hypertonie und Rechtsherzinsuffizienz sollten angemessen berücksichtigt und behandelt werden. Im folgenden Artikel werden die in den LL genannten Maßnahmen unter
Berücksichtigung des bestehenden Empfehlungsgrads und der Evidenzen beschrieben. Leider sind die meisten Allgemeinmaßnahmen, wie die Gabe von Diuretika, Sauerstoff, psychosozialer Support
und Impfungen, nicht oder unzureichend in randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien untersucht worden. So haben sie zwar einen hohen I-Empfehlungsgrad, aber einen niedrigen Evidenzgrad C. Nur
bei dem spezialisierten körperlichen Training liegen bislang insgesamt 7 randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien und 5 Metaanalysen vor, die eine Verbesserung der Sauerstoffaufnahme,
körperlichen Belastbarkeit, der Beschwerden (WHO-Funktionsklasse), Lebensqualität und Hämodynamik nachgewiesen haben (daher neu IA-Empfehlung). Auch weitere Maßnahmen wie die
Antikoagulation, Eisensubstitution und andere werden im Folgenden besprochen.
Retrospektive Auswertung der Anwendung eines dermalen Ersatzmaterials
bei der Indikation zur Septorhinoplastik
Authors: Swensson Magdalena , Grundmann Thomas , Mauss Karl 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zur Camouflage des Nasenrückens bei Septorhinoplastiken
existieren gegenwärtig verschiedene Methoden. Das Thema der Arbeit ist
die retrospektiv-deskriptive Untersuchung des operativen Einsatzes der bovinen
Kollagen-/Glykosaminoglykanmatrix Integra Dermal Regeneration Template
Single Layer Thin (IDRT-SL Thin) des Unternehmens Integra LifeSciences bei
Septorhinoplastiken.
Methodik Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt in der Evaluierung der
postoperativen Verträglichkeit des Präparates, der Sicherheit
und des Verlaufes der Wundheilung bei Anwendung von IDRT-SL Thin als
Kollagensheet bei Septorhinoplastiken. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels eines
für die Arbeit entwickelten Bewertungsbogens. Die in die Studie
eingeschlossenen Patienten wurden für ein Jahr postoperativ betreut; der
in der Auswertung berücksichtigte postoperative Beobachtungszeitraum
umfasst dagegen 14 Wochen.
Ergebnisse Die für diesen Zeitraum erfolgte Analyse der operativen
Ergebnisse zeigt für die von uns untersuchten Kriterien relativ homogene
Ergebnisse. Nennenswerte Komplikationen wurden innerhalb unserer
Patientenkohorte bis zur 14. postoperativen Woche nicht beobachtet.
Diskussion Trotz einer fehlenden Kontrollgruppe, die auf anderem Wege
operativ versorgt worden wäre, und der geringen Patientenfallzahl,
eignet sich der hier angelegte Beobachtungszeitrum von sechs bzw. 14 Wochen, um
eine prinzipielle Eignung und Verträglichkeit festzustellen. Somit
können die im Rahmen der Arbeit präsentierten Ergebnisse als
möglicher Ausgangspunkt für weitere Untersuchungen zum Einsatz
von IDRT-SL Thin bei der Indikation zur Septorhinoplastik verstanden werden.
No-touch endoscopic full-thickness resection technique for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhang Yun-Wei , Lian Jing-Jing , Zhang Hai-Bin , Xu Ai-Ping , Li Fang , Yan Xiao-Han , Duan Ben-Song , Zhao Zi-Ying , Chu Yuan , Shen Li , Cao Jia , Zhang Li , Zheng Liang , Chu Shu-Guang , Xu Mei-Dong 
Published: February 2023

Background There remain concerns regarding the technical feasibility of endoscopic resection for large gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), mainly relating to the risk of tumor rupture and the adequacy of the resection margins. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic outcomes of the newly developed no-touch endoscopic full-thickness resection (NT-EFTR) technique for GISTs.
Methods In this retrospective study, 92 patients with gastric GISTs undergoing NT-EFTR were included. Clinicopathological, endoscopic, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed.
Results The median tumor size was 2.5 cm and en bloc resection was achieved in all patients with negative surgical margins. The median time of the NT-EFTR procedure was 59.5 minutes. Large tumors (> 3.0 cm), extraluminal tumor growth pattern, and large gastric defects were significant contributors to long operative times. Patients were discharged within 4 days postoperatively. During follow-up, all patients were free from local recurrence and distant metastasis.
Conclusions NT-EFTR was a feasible method for the resection of gastric GISTs and can be expected to achieve complete radical resection. Large tumors with extraluminal growth and large gastric defects impact procedural difficulty.
Human pancreatic islet microRNAs implicated in diabetes and related traits by large-scale genetic analysis
Authors: Taylor Henry J. , Hung Yu-Han , Narisu Narisu , Erdos Michael R. , Kanke Matthew , Yan Tingfen , Grenko Caleb M. , Swift Amy J. , Bonnycastle Lori L. , Sethupathy Praveen , Collins Francis S. , Taylor D. Leland 
Published: February 2023

Genetic studies have identified ≥240 loci associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet most of these loci lie in non-coding regions, masking the underlying molecular mechanisms. Recent studies investigating mRNA expression in human pancreatic islets have yielded important insights into the molecular drivers of normal islet function and T2D pathophysiology. However, similar studies investigating microRNA (miRNA) expression remain limited. Here, we present data from 63 individuals, the largest sequencing-based analysis of miRNA expression in human islets to date. We characterized the genetic regulation of miRNA expression by decomposing the expression of highly heritable miRNAs into
cis-
and
trans-
acting genetic components and mapping
cis
-acting loci associated with miRNA expression [miRNA-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)]. We found i) 84 heritable miRNAs, primarily regulated by
trans
-acting genetic effects, and ii) 5 miRNA-eQTLs. We also used several different strategies to identify T2D-associated miRNAs. First, we colocalized miRNA-eQTLs with genetic loci associated with T2D and multiple glycemic traits, identifying one miRNA, miR-1908, that shares genetic signals for blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Next, we intersected miRNA seed regions and predicted target sites with credible set SNPs associated with T2D and glycemic traits and found 32 miRNAs that may have altered binding and function due to disrupted seed regions. Finally, we performed differential expression analysis and identified 14 miRNAs associated with T2D status—including miR-187-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-668, and miR-199b-5p—and 4 miRNAs associated with a polygenic score for HbA1c levels—miR-216a, miR-25, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30a-5p.
Ultra-wideband hybrid polarization conversion-absorption metasurface with a transmission window and narrow transition bands
Authors: Shi Yan , Chu Peng Peng , Meng Zan Kui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes an ultra-wideband hybrid polarization conversion-absorption (PCA) metasurface with a transmission band for radar cross section (RCS) reduction application. To achieve the in-band transmission of the incident wave and the out-of-band suppression of the scattering wave, the proposed metasurface is composed of a low-frequency PCA array, a high-frequency polarization conversion (PC) array, and a second-order frequency selective surface (FSS). The lumped resistors are used in the PCA array to generate the absorption characteristic, thus giving rise to the reduction of the co-polarization component of the scattering field and meanwhile the elimination of the high-frequency resonances. An interdigital structure is introduced into the PCA array to not only achieve a good transmission for a co-polarization component of the incoming wave but also result in an extra PC band for narrowing the transition band between the transmission window and the high-frequency PCA band. The orthogonal layout of the PCA array and the PC array is used to decrease the interaction between them, thus resulting in an ultra-wideband PCA band. The second-order FSS consisting of a stacked structure is designed to generate a good passband with the steep roll-off and the good out-of-band suppression. The proposed metasurface has an ultra-wideband PCA band, a good transmission band, and narrow transition bands. When the proposed metasurface is arranged into an array in a rotation way, the ultra-wideband RCS reduction performance can be obtained. Simulated and measured results are given to demonstrate a 10 dB RCS reduction band of 3.4–24.6 GHz with a −1 dB transmission band of 8.45–10 GHz.
Analysis of mechanical behavior and electromechanical properties of REBCO-coated conductor tapes under combined bending-tension loads using numerical methods
Authors: Pan Yingzheng , Gao Peifeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) high-temperature superconducting-coated conductor (CC) tapes are potential conductors for high-field magnets. In an operating high-field magnet, REBCO CC tapes are bent into coils and simultaneously subjected to hoop electromagnetic forces. Under these combined bending-tension loads, the critical current (

I

c

) of the REBCO CC tapes is at risk of irreversible degradation. Therefore, investigating the mechanical behavior and electromechanical properties of REBCO CC tapes under combined bending-tension loads is necessary. In this study, the mechanical behavior of REBCO CC tapes was analyzed using a finite element model (FEM). First, in the fabrication-cooling process of REBCO CC tapes, the thermal residual stress/strain accumulated in the constituent layers was analyzed. Then, considering the thermal residual stress/strain as the initial stress–strain state, the mechanical behavior of REBCO CC tapes under various mechanical loads, such as axial tension, bending, and combined bending-tension at 77 K, was analyzed. Furthermore, a phenomenological model of the internal strain in the REBCO films dependence of

I

c

was developed for analyzing the electromechanical properties of REBCO CC tapes under combined bending-tension loads at 77 K. Calculated results showed that the compressive thermal residual strain in REBCO films at 77 K was −0.25%, and the internal strain in the REBCO films corresponding to the irreversible degradation of

I

c

was 0.45% under axial tension loads, which was verified by experimental results. Under bending and combined bending-tension loads, the distribution of the internal strain in the REBCO films along the width direction was non-uniform owing to the Poisson effect, and the onset of the irreversible degradation of

I

c

occurred at the outer edge of the REBCO films. The phenomenological model was experimentally verified to be effective in

I

c

degradation behavior prediction under combined bending-tension loads, and model predictions based on the FEM results indicated that the electromechanical properties were significantly influenced by the bending modes (tensile bending or compressive bending) of the REBCO CC tapes.
Quantum simulation of the generalized-entangled quantum eraser and the related complete complementarity relations
Authors: S Chrysosthemos Diego S , Basso Marcos L W , Maziero Jonas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We utilize IBM’s quantum computers to perform a full quantum simulation of the optical quantum eraser (QE) utilizing a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with a variable partially-polarizing beam splitter (VPPBS) at the input. The use of the VPPBS motivates us to introduce the entangled quantum eraser, for which the path information is erased using a Bell-basis measurement. We also investigate the behavior of the wave aspect, i.e., the quantum coherence, as well as the particle character, represented by the predictability and entanglement, as delineated in complete complementarity relations (CCRs). As we show in this article, the utilization of the VPPBS uncover interesting aspects of the QE and CCRs. For instance, we can recover the full wave-behavior by the erasure procedure even when we have only partial knowledge about the path through entanglement.
Galactic Dark Matter Halos Containing H i Regions: A Possible Overestimation of the Column Densities
Authors: Oks Eugene 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We analyze how the column density of hydrogen atoms in the H i regions, observed in dark matter halos of a number of galaxies, can be determined. Specifically we study how the determination of the column density of hydrogen atoms from the observed astrophysical data would be affected by the possible presence of the Second Flavor of Hydrogen Atoms (SFHA), whose existence had been previously demonstrated in four different types of atomic experiments and had helped in explaining two puzzling astrophysical observations: the anomalous absorption in the 21 cm line from the early Universe and the smoother, less clumpy distribution of dark matter in the Universe than predicted by Einstein's gravity. By a model example we demonstrate that the neglect of the SFHA leads to the overestimation of the column density of hydrogen atoms in dark matter halos by about 30%. We perform these relatively simple estimates just to get the message across and to motivate further corresponding theoretical and experimental studies.
Synergistic effect of Ag and Cu on improving in vitro biological properties of K2Ti6O13 nanowires for potential biomedical applications
Authors: Lei Shichang , Qi Yumin , Zhao Lichen , An Hailong , Qu Chang , Wang Xin , Wang Gaojiong , Cui Chunxiang , Shen Yutian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The development of novel antibacterial nano-materials with synergistic biological effects has attracted extensive interest of the researchers. In the study, 0.5 mol% Ag and 0.5 mol% Cu co-doped K2Ti6O13 (0.5 Ag-0.5 Cu-KTO) nanomaterial was successfully synthesized using two-step method of sol-gel and hydrothermal synthesis. The crystal structure of 0.5 Ag-0.5 Cu-KTO was the same as that of monoclinic K2Ti6O13. Ag ions and Cu ions were uniformly loaded on K2Ti6O13 by replacing partial Ti ions, so that these antibacterial ions could be slowly released. High specific surface area of 0.5 Ag-0.5 Cu-KTO (337.6 m2/g) provided more surface active sites for Ag-Cu doping and adsorption. More negative surface zeta potential (-32.83 mV in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and -21.45 mV in physiological saline solution (PSS), respectively) would be beneficial to prevent the aggregation of the nanowires in physiological environment. Under the same doping amount, compared to 1.0 mol% Cu doped K2Ti6O13, 0.5 Ag-0.5 Cu-KTO exhibited better antibacterial performance against gram-positive and gram- negative bacteria at only 100 μg/mL dose concentration, near to 1.0 mol% Ag doped K2Ti6O13 (1.0 Ag-KTO). And 0.5 Ag-0.5 Cu-KTO showed more excellent biocompatibility than 1.0 Ag-KTO, which was attribute to the introduction of Cu ions effectively decreasing the hemolytic and cytotoxic risks from Ag ions. As expected, the synthesized 0.5 Ag-0.5 Cu-KTO nanowires demonstrated excellent structural stability, high antibacterial activity, good hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility owing to the synergistic effects of Cu and Ag ions. 0.5 Ag-0.5 Cu-KTO nanowires will be a promising antimicrobial candidate for biomedical applications.
A novel integrated experimental and computational approach to unravel fibroblast motility in response to chemical gradients in 3D collagen matrices
Authors: Movilla Nieves , Gonçalves Inês G , Borau Carlos , García-Aznar Jose Manuel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract Fibroblasts play an essential role in tissue repair and regeneration as they migrate to wounded areas to secrete and remodel the extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts recognize chemical substances such as growth factors, which enhance their motility towards the wounded tissues through chemotaxis. Although several studies have characterized single-cell fibroblast motility before, the migration patterns of fibroblasts in response to external factors have not been fully explored in 3D environments. We present a study that combines experimental and computational efforts to characterize the effect of chemical stimuli on the invasion of 3D collagen matrices by fibroblasts. Experimentally, we used microfluidic devices to create chemical gradients using collagen matrices of distinct densities. We evaluated how cell migration patterns were affected by the presence of growth factors and the mechanical properties of the matrix. Based on these results, we present a discrete-based computational model to simulate cell motility, which we calibrated through the quantitative comparison of experimental and computational data via Bayesian optimization. By combining these approaches, we predict that fibroblasts respond to both the presence of chemical factors and their spatial location. Furthermore, our results show that the presence of these chemical gradients could be reproduced by our computational model through increases in the magnitude of cell-generated forces and enhanced cell directionality. Although these model predictions require further experimental validation, we propose that our framework can be applied as a tool that takes advantage of experimental data to guide the calibration of models and predict which mechanisms at the cellular level may justify the experimental findings. Consequently, these new insights may also guide the design of new experiments, tailored to validate the variables of interest identified by the model.
Global Value Chains as a Constraint on Sovereignty: Evidence from Investor–State Dispute Settlement
Authors: Moehlecke Carolina , Thrall Calvin , Wellhausen Rachel L 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThat economic integration constrains state sovereignty has been a longstanding concern and the subject of much study. We assess the validity of this concern in the context of two very particular components of contemporary economic globalization: global value chain (GVC) integration and Investor–State Dispute Settlement (ISDS). First, we document that host states have abandoned nearly 24 percent of regulations disputed by private investors in ISDS between 1987 and 2017. This behavior is puzzling because ISDS only requires host states to provide monetary compensation to investor-claimants and not the abandonment of disputed regulations. We theorize that host states are more likely to abandon a disputed regulation when the claimant has a greater potential to disrupt GVCs in the host economy. We then employ the non-parametric difference-in-differences estimator by Imai, Kim, and Wang (2021) and find that ISDS filings cause substantial decreases in GVC trade. Following this result, we provide descriptive statistics and qualitative evidence that support our core theoretical proposition that multinational corporations (MNCs) with the potential to disrupt GVC integration are more likely to see host states changing regulations in their favor. Our argument and evidence suggest that GVC integration can grow an MNC’s power to such an extent that the host state abandons a regulation that the MNC disputes.
More than a Number: Aging Leaders in International Politics
Authors: Byun Joshua , Carson Austin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
How does leader age affect international politics? Challenging the existing literature's focus on chronological age, we argue that leaders do not age the same in the eyes of their beholders. Combining insights from gerontology on age-related stereotypes and studies of face-to-face diplomacy, we show that judgments about age informed by high-level personal encounters have profound consequences for how elderly leaders are appraised and treated by their counterparts. A leader who betrays indicators of “senility” during face-to-face encounters will elicit harsh judgments by activating negative stereotypes about aging. Older leaders can also surprise their interlocutors: those long thought to be senile may show themselves as mentally and physically fit. Perceptions of age, in turn, shape how observers understand a leader's agency and shape decisions to “engage” or “bypass” the leader in the context of interstate cooperation. We draw on declassified primary documents to compare American views of three elderly leaders in Cold War Asia—Syngman Rhee, Mao Tse-tung, and Chou Enlai—and how such views informed Washington's approach to these leaders, finding powerful support for our arguments. Our findings suggest new insights for the IR research program on leaders as well as lessons for statecraft in an era of aging decision makers.