bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bible's First Kings
Authors: Faust Avraham , Farber Zev I. 
Published: January 2025

Saul, David, and Solomon are dominant figures in the Hebrew Bible, rulers of an expanding Israelite polity before it dissolved into two separate kingdoms. Saul's paranoid jealousy, David's killing the Philistine champion Goliath with a slingshot, and Solomon's meeting the Queen of Sheba are familiar stories to many people, but what is the truth behind the texts? While scholars long believed these three monarchs to have been historical personalities, over the past three decades many have questioned the historicity of this United Monarchy, some doubting even the existence of its founding fathers. This book robustly argues that the Israelite kingdom of the Bible was a real mini-empire, and that Saul, David, and Solomon were kings of consequence – even if the biblical stories reimagine their lives to glorify and vilify them. Combining fresh archaeological evidence with astute readings of key texts, the authors offer a compelling reconstruction of this fascinating ancient polity which, though it lasted less than a hundred years, has bequeathed a remarkable religious and cultural legacy to the western world. Written in a clear and engaging style, this book will be of interest to scholars and general audiences alike.
Weekly Options on Grain Futures
Authors: Diersen Matthew , Wang Zhiguang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We analyze 2017–2021 data to examine whether weekly options offer unique insights compared to regular options on grain futures. These weeklies, increasingly popular for short-term use around major United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reports, are found to be more effective in predicting near-term volatility, challenging the conventional view of longer-dated options’ superiority. However, they overprice realized volatility by 420 basis points (bps) for corn and 280 bps for soybeans. Major USDA reports add a premium of 650 bps for corn and 240 bps for soybeans, highlighting a trend toward more time-sensitive trading strategies, though the long-term impact on market efficiency of weeklies remains subdued.
The pacification model in Port-au-Prince and Rio de Janeiro as a prefiguration of Bolsonarismo? Reflections on the far-right turn and the role of military-religious actors in security governance in Brazil
Authors: D. E. Campos Rodrigo , Finazzi João Fernando 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While much critical scholarship has pointed out that liberal peacebuilding can contribute to consolidating authoritarianism in host countries, little is known about the political effects in the deployer country. This article analyses the relationship between foreign and domestic peace processes and far-right forces in Brazil. We ask if Brazil’s leadership role in the United Nations’ Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (2004–17) and its own domestic pacification efforts in Rio de Janeiro with the Pacifying Police Units (2008–14) contributed to the strengthening of the far right in Brazil. Relying on a combination of literature review, document analysis, and fieldwork interviews, we argue that Brazil’s engagement in liberal peacebuilding processes strengthened the far right in Brazil in two important ways. The first was through a military capture of politics, as a large portion of the military elite that participated in both interventions enabled the military to take a more prominent role in Brazil’s domestic politics. Second, Port-au-Prince and Rio de Janeiro became crucial sites for experimentation with a range of policy ideas that Bolsonaro later capitalised on, namely, a punitive turn in security policies and the mobilisation of conservative Evangelical actors and morals to support and justify the military occupation.
Common Ways to See Differently: Race, Mestizaje, and Criollismo as Seen by Blind People in Chile and Venezuela
Authors: Angosto-Ferrández Luis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article explores understandings of race, mestizaje, and criollismo among blind people in Chile and Venezuela. It demonstrates that visually perceived markers are not self-evidently constitutive of race as a social category. Participants show sound knowledge of racialized categories but also reveal significant differences in the identification of racial markers and in the way that race informs their understandings of mestizaje and criollismo in Chile and Venezuela. In Chile, where racial markers convey identity fixity and intersect overtly with social class categorizations, mestizaje and criollismo are conceptualized as separate elements of national identity. In Venezuela, where racial markers convey more identity porosity, mestizaje and criollismo are conceptualized as intertwined foundations of national identity. These social configurations counter naturalizing conceptualizations of race and enable a reconsideration of how different notions of admixture continue to permeate ideals of personhood and social relations in Latin American countries. They also erode academic conceptualizations of race that unwittingly contribute to legitimize the naturalization of race in public discourse—and potentially in governmental policy and practice.
Automorphisms of fine curve graphs for nonorientable surfaces
Authors: Kimura Mitsuaki , Kuno Erika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The fine curve graph of a surface was introduced by Bowden, Hensel, and Webb as a graph consisting of essential simple closed curves in the surface. Long, Margalit, Pham, Verberne, and Yao proved that the automorphism group of the fine curve graph of a closed orientable surface is isomorphic to the homeomorphism group of the surface. In this paper, based on their argument, we prove that the automorphism group of the fine curve graph of a closed nonorientable surface

$N$

of genus

$g \geq 4$

is isomorphic to the homeomorphism group of

$N$

.
The effect of the global language context on bilingual language control during L1 reading
Authors: Parshina Olga , Smirnova Anna , Goldina Sofya , Bainbridge Emily 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The proactive gain control hypothesis suggests that the global language context regulates lexical access to the bilinguals’ languages during reading. Specifically, with increasing exposure to non-target language cues, bilinguals adjust the lexical activation to allow non-target language access from the earliest word recognition stages. Using the invisible boundary paradigm, we examined the flow of lexical activation in 50 proficient Russian-English bilinguals reading in their native Russian while the language context shifted from a monolingual to a bilingual environment. We gradually introduced non-target language cues (the language of experimenter and fillers) while also manipulating the type of word previews (identical, code-switches, unrelated code-switches, pseudowords). The results revealed the facilitatory reading effects of code-switches but only in the later lexical processing stages and these effects were independent of the global language context manipulation. The results are discussed from the perspective of limitations imposed by script differences on bilingual language control flexibility.
Unravelling the nonlinear generation of designer vortices with dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Coudrat Laure , Boulliard Guillaume , Gérard Jean-Michel , Lemaître Aristide , Degiron Aloyse , Leo Giuseppe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Vortex beams are currently drawing a great deal of interest, from fundamental research to several promising applications. While their generation in bulky optical devices limits their use in integrated complex systems, metasurfaces have recently proven successful in creating optical vortices, especially in the linear regime. In the nonlinear domain, of strategic importance for the future of classical and quantum information, to date orbital angular momentum has only been created in qualitative ways, without discussing discrepancies between design and experimental results. Here, we demonstrate and analyze the generation of high-purity second harmonic (SH) optical vortices via dielectric meta-holograms. Through full-wave simulations and a proper fabrication protocol, we achieve efficient frequency doubling of an unstructured pump beam into SH vortices with topological charges from 1 to 10. Interferometric and modal-purity measurements confirm the generation of high-quality SH vortices with minimal deviations from the intended design thanks to a quasi-local control over the SH phase. Through systematic comparisons between experimental data and semi-analytical calculations, we also provide a clear insight into the occurrence of ghost vortices in the metasurface-generated harmonic beams, highlighting the importance of simple designs that can be readily transposed into fabricated devices with high fidelity. Our findings underscore the potential of nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces for versatile structured-light generation and manipulation, paving the way for future developments in integrated photonic systems.
Active learning-assisted directed evolution
Authors: Yang Jason , Lal Ravi G. , Bowden James C. , Astudillo Raul , Hameedi Mikhail A. , Kaur Sukhvinder , Hill Matthew , Yue Yisong , Arnold Frances H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Directed evolution (DE) is a powerful tool to optimize protein fitness for a specific application. However, DE can be inefficient when mutations exhibit non-additive, or epistatic, behavior. Here, we present Active Learning-assisted Directed Evolution (ALDE), an iterative machine learning-assisted DE workflow that leverages uncertainty quantification to explore the search space of proteins more efficiently than current DE methods. We apply ALDE to an engineering landscape that is challenging for DE: optimization of five epistatic residues in the active site of an enzyme. In three rounds of wet-lab experimentation, we improve the yield of a desired product of a non-native cyclopropanation reaction from 12% to 93%. We also perform computational simulations on existing protein sequence-fitness datasets to support our argument that ALDE can be more effective than DE. Overall, ALDE is a practical and broadly applicable strategy to unlock improved protein engineering outcomes.
Effects of described demonstrator ability on brain and behavior when learning from others
Authors: Selbing Ida , Becker Nina , Pan Yafeng , Lindström Björn , Olsson Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Observational learning enables us to make decisions by watching others’ behaviors. The quality of such learning depends on the abilities of those we observe, but also on our beliefs about those abilities. We have previously demonstrated that observers learned better from demonstrators described as high vs. low in ability, regardless of their actual performance. The current study aimed to conceptually replicate these findings, and explore the neural mechanisms involved. Forty-five participants performed an observational learning task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We hypothesized that participants would perform better when demonstrators were described as having high vs. low ability. Unexpectedly, participants performed equally well regardless of described demonstrator ability. The behavioral effects of biased observational learning seem to be driven by mentalizing processes together with general learning and decision-making processes.
Faster implicit motor sequence learning of new sequences compatible in terms of movement transitions
Authors: Dyck Susanne , Klaes Christian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
New information that is compatible with pre-existing knowledge can be learned faster. Such schema memory effect has been reported in declarative memory and in explicit motor sequence learning (MSL). Here, we investigated if sequences of key presses that were compatible to previously trained ones, could be learned faster in an implicit MSL task. Participants trained a motor sequence before switching to a completely new sequence, to a compatible sequence with high overlap in ordinal positions, or to an incompatible sequence with low overlap, while the compatible and incompatible sequences had the same overlap in movement transitions. We observed accelerated learning in the Compatible and Incompatible groups compared to the New group, if participants trained for 3 sessions before switching to the altered sequence. Overall, our study suggests facilitative learning of implicit motor sequences that are compatible in movement transitions, if the previous sequence has been trained extensively.
Predictive modelling and identification of critical variables of mortality risk in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Daramola Olawande , Kavu Tatenda Duncan , Kotze Maritha J. , Marnewick Jeanine L. , Sarumi Oluwafemi A. , Kabaso Boniface , Moser Thomas , Stroetmann Karl , Fwemba Isaac , Daramola Fisayo , Nyirenda Martha , van Rensburg Susan J. , Nyasulu Peter S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
South Africa was the most affected country in Africa by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, where over 4 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and over 102,000 deaths have been recorded since 2019. Aside from clinical methods, artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions such as machine learning (ML) models have been employed in treating COVID-19 cases. However, limited application of AI for COVID-19 in Africa has been reported in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the performance and interpretability of several ML algorithms, including deep multilayer perceptron (Deep MLP), support vector machine (SVM) and Extreme gradient boosting trees (XGBoost) for predicting COVID-19 mortality risk with an emphasis on the effect of cross-validation (CV) and principal component analysis (PCA) on the results. For this purpose, a dataset with 154 features from 490 COVID-19 patients admitted into the intensive care unit (ICU) of Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, during the first wave of COVID-19 in 2020 was retrospectively analysed. Our results show that Deep MLP had the best overall performance (F1 = 0.92; area under the curve (AUC) = 0.94) when CV and the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) were applied without PCA. By using the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) model to interpret the mortality risk predictions, we identified the Length of stay (LOS) in the hospital, LOS in the ICU, Time to ICU from admission, days discharged alive or death, D-dimer (blood clotting factor), and blood pH as the six most critical variables for mortality risk prediction. Also, Age at admission, Pf ratio (PaO2/FiO2 ratio), troponin T (TropT), ferritin, ventilation, C-reactive protein (CRP), and symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were associated with the severity and fatality of COVID-19 cases. The study reveals how ML could assist medical practitioners in making informed decisions on handling critically ill COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. It also offers insight into the combined effect of CV, PCA, and SMOTE on the performance of ML models for COVID-19 mortality risk prediction, which has been little explored.
Iron metabolism in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yilmaz Dilay , Tharehalli Umesh , Paganoni Rossana , Knoop Paul , Gruber Andreas , Chen Yuexin , Dong Rui , Leithäuser Frank , Seufferlein Thomas , Leopold Kerstin , Lechel André , Vujić Spasić Maja 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most prevalent type of primary liver cancer worldwide. p53 is one of the most frequently mutated tumor-suppressor genes in HCC and its deficiency in hepatocytes triggers tumor formation in mice. To investigate iron metabolism during liver carcinogenesis, we employed a model of chronic carbon tetrachloride injections in liver-specific p53-deficient mice to induce liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and subsequent carcinogenesis. A transcriptome analysis of liver carcinoma was employed to identify p53-dependent gene expression signatures with subsequent in-depth analysis of iron metabolic parameters being conducted locally within liver cancers and at systemic levels. We show that all mutant mice developed liver cancer by 36-weeks of age in contrast to 3.4% tumors identified in control mice. All liver cancers with a p53-deficient background exhibited a local iron-poor phenotype with a “high transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1) and low hepcidin (Hamp)” signature. At systemic levels, iron deficiency was restricted to female mice. Additionally, liver tumorigenesis correlated with selective deficits of selenium, zinc and manganese. Our data show that iron deficiency is a prevalent phenomenon in p53-deficient liver cancers, which is associated with alterations in Hamp and Tfr1 and a poor prognosis in mice and patients.
A systematic review of machine learning applications in predicting opioid associated adverse events
Authors: Ramírez Medina Carlos R. , Benitez-Aurioles Jose , Jenkins David A. , Jani Meghna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Machine learning has increasingly been applied to predict opioid-related harms due to its ability to handle complex interactions and generating actionable predictions. This review evaluated the types and quality of ML methods in opioid safety research, identifying 44 studies using supervised ML through searches of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed and SCOPUS databases. Commonly predicted outcomes included postoperative opioid use (n = 15, 34%) opioid overdose (n = 8, 18%), opioid use disorder (n = 8, 18%) and persistent opioid use (n = 5, 11%) with varying definitions. Most studies (96%) originated from North America, with only 7% reporting external validation. Model performance was moderate to strong, but calibration was often missing (41%). Transparent reporting of model development was often incomplete, with key aspects such as calibration, imbalance correction, and handling of missing data absent. Infrequent external validation limited the generalizability of current models. Addressing these aspects is critical for transparency, interpretability, and future implementation of the results.
Structure and function of a β-1,2-galactosidase from Bacteroides xylanisolvens, an intestinal bacterium
Authors: Nakazawa Yutaka , Kageyama Masumi , Matsuzawa Tomohiko , Liang Ziqin , Kobayashi Kaito , Shimizu Hisaka , Maeda Kazuki , Masuhiro Miho , Motouchi Sei , Kumano Saika , Tanaka Nobukiyo , Kuramochi Kouji , Nakai Hiroyuki , Taguchi Hayao , Nakajima Masahiro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Galactosides are major carbohydrates that are found in plant cell walls and various prebiotic oligosaccharides. Studying the detailed biochemical functions of β-galactosidases in degrading these carbohydrates is important. In particular, identifying β-galactosidases with new substrate specificities could help in the production of potentially beneficial oligosaccharides. In this study, we identify a β-galactosidase with novel substrate specificity from Bacteroides xylanisolvens, an intestinal bacterium. The enzyme do not show hydrolytic activity toward natural β-galactosides during the first screening. However, when α-d-galactosyl fluoride (α-GalF) as a donor substrate and galactose or d-fucose as an acceptor substrate are incubated with a nucleophile mutant, reaction products are detected. The galactobiose produced from the α-GalF and galactose is identified as β-1,2-galactobiose using NMR. Kinetic analysis reveals that this enzyme effectively hydrolyzes β-1,2-galactobiose and β-1,2-galactotriose. In the complex structure with methyl β-galactopyranose as a ligand, the ligand is only located at subsite +1. The 2-hydroxy group and the anomeric methyl group of methyl β-galactopyranose faces in the direction of subsite −1 and the solvent, respectively. This observation is consistent with the substrate specificity of the enzyme regarding linkage position and chain length. Overall, we conclude that the enzyme is a β-galactosidase acting on β-1,2-galactooligosaccharides.
Discovery of bicyclic borane molecule B14H26
Authors: Zhang Xiaoni , Fujino Tomoko , Ando Yasunobu , Tsujikawa Yuki , Wang Tianle , Nakashima Takeru , Sakurai Haruto , Yamaguchi Kazuki , Horio Masafumi , Mori Hatsumi , Yoshinobu Jun , Kondo Takahiro , Matsuda Iwao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The discovery of fullerene following the synthesis of graphene marked a paradigm shift in chemistry. Here, we report the discovery of biycycloborane, arising from the synthesis of borophane (hydrogen boride). Uniquely, this synthesis method involves a decomposition mechanism rather than traditional atom-by-atom assembly, marking an unique approach to constructing complex borane structures. The mass spectrometry unveiled that the stable molecule has a mass of 178 in atomic mass unit with a stoichiometry of B14H26. Optical spectra and simulations further evidenced its bicyclic structure, featuring fulvene-like heptagons or octagons. This borane molecule, analogous to cyclic hydrocarbons, adopts a unit configuration with a three-center two-electron (3c-2e) bonding, akin to diborane. The B14H26 molecule has been historically anticipated as a distant descendant of the dodecahedron borane, but it was born from the hydrogen boride sheet with a non-symmorphic symmetry. The discovery of biycycloborane expands the frontiers of boron chemistry, promising advancements in boron-based nanomaterials and beyond.
Potential grammaticalization of epistemic phrases
Authors: Lorenz David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper deals with the potential grammaticalization of
English (it) could be and (it) might be into
epistemic sentence adverbs in analogy to maybe. They can occur
in adverb-like positions and functions in informal language use, e.g.
(it) could be something good has begun, often with the
pronoun it omitted. But, given that no diachronic development
is attested, to what extent does their usage indicate innovation or an emerging
convention of adverbial could be / might be? How are they
differentiated from maybe? Following up on previous
corpus-based and experimental research, I present findings from two small
experiments. Experiment 1 elicits the morphosyntactic interpretation (clausal
vs. adverbial) with ratings of structurally different paraphrases; Experiment 2
aims at the semantic interpretation of epistemic stance. The results provide
little evidence of conventionalization of adverbial could be / might
be, and also no clear signs of semantic or pragmatic
differentiation. I conclude that weak conventions leave room for variability,
and propose that these forms have a proclivity to be continuously re-innovated
as micro-steps on a grammaticalization path, but this is not enough to drive
change beyond existing conventions.
Syntactic position of contrast markers in different registers of French
Authors: Brysbaert Jorina , Lahousse Karen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a quantitative corpus analysis of three syntactically mobile contrast markers in different
registers of French: contrastive adverbs, emphatic pronouns, and emphatic pronouns introduced by quant à “as
for”. We show that the preferred syntactic position of the three markers is influenced by their form and discourse function, but
that the degree of this influence varies across registers. In informal written and spoken French, form and discourse function have
a greater impact on syntactic position than in formal written French, where the standard word order subject + verb + other
clause elements is favored, and non-neutral (inter)subjective peripheries are avoided. Hence, our analysis provides
evidence for the idea that informal written and spoken French are (becoming) more discourse-configurational.