bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of food security using various indicators for policy implications: Empirical evidence from the two large cities of Bahir Dar and Gondar, the Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonen Dersolegn , Bazezew Arega , Anteneh Mesfin , Kassie Tesfahun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSustainable urbanisation assumes the maintenance of nearby wetlands and farms from an environmental standpoint. With rare exceptions, Third World cities are systematically urbanising, polluting and destroying their vital environmental support systems. For instance, uncollected trash frequently covers open areas in cities, creating mini‐utopias for rodents and mosquito‐borne disease carriers. The persistent gaps in the rates of waste production and disposal are frequently startling. Urban migration, unemployment, food prices, and growing rental housing costs have emerged as major urban problems in many Ethiopian cities. The study's primary objective was to analyse the status of food security indicators experienced by urban households and their coping mechanisms for policy implications using empirical data. The study used a mixed method research strategy that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods. Focus groups, key informant interviews, and questionnaire surveys were used to collect the data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to assess the data gathered. In development studies, establishing exact, accurate, trustworthy and meaningful indicators of urban food security continue to be difficult. Despite the developing world's significant incidence of food insecurity being acknowledged, the precise number of people who lack access to food and the extent to which they are impacted remain unknown. Food security measures, such as the dietary energy supply (DES), household dietary diversity score (HDDS), and reduced coping strategy index (rCSI), were used to identify households that were food insecure. The survey found that 54% of households consumed less than 2100 kcal per adult daily and experienced food insecurity. A baseline of 2100 kcal per adult equivalent per day revealed that 56.7% of families in Bahir Dar and 52.7% of households in Gondar experienced food insecurity. Less than four food groups were consumed by 64% of households, which is far below the FAO's recommendation. The findings also showed that eating fewer meals per day, choosing fewer quality foods, and limiting portion sizes at times were the most often used coping mechanisms during food shocks. The overall findings of the study highlight an urgent need for actions that might increase the food security of the urban poor, such as price stability, the building of communal housing, enabling micro‐finance and providing starting money.
Chiral Crystals, Jack, Conductivity and Magnetism
Authors: Kahr Bart , Yang Yongfan , Whittaker St. John , Shtukenberg Alexander G. , Lee Stephanie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecently, the application of magnetic fields to chiral chemical systems has been rewarding. In a forward‐looking 1986 paper, ‘Chiral Metals?’, Wallis, Karrer, and Jack D. Dunitz forecast ‘that the limitation to proper symmetry elements in a chiral conductor could be associated with the emergence of new properties, those connected with interactions between applied electric and magnetic fields and their internal counterparts.’ This was a prescient remark, but it has become manifest in ways that would not have been foreseen in its details by the authors. Here are reviewed the development of chiral conductors broadly imagined by Dunitz and coworkers, based on enantiopure tetrathiafulvalene derivatives that restrict space groups to those that have only symmetry operations of the first kind, as well as the new emergent properties associated with the transport of electrons when magnetic fields are applied to chiral crystals among other systems. These include electrical magnetochiral anisotropy (eMChA), inverse electrical magnetochiral anisotropy (ieMChA), helimagnetism and chirality induced spin selectivity (CISS). The conclusion discussing the circumstances under which achiral TTF crystals becomes chiral, only seems to introduce an oxymoron.
Differences in prenatal diagnosis rate of congenital anomalies associated with singletons and multiple births: An observational study of more than 1.9 million births in Zhejiang Province, eastern China, during 2012–2018
Authors: Chen Lijin , Wen Hong , Lou Haifeng , Chen Xinning , Chen Danqing , Zhu Shankuan , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize differences in the prenatal detection of congenital anomalies (CAs) associated with singleton and multiple births.MethodsThis observational study covered all births registered in the CA surveillance system in Zhejiang Province of China during 2012–2018. Differences in the incidence and characteristics between singletons and multiple births with CAs were tested. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed to explore the associations of prenatal detection rate of CAs with multiple births.ResultsTotals of 49 872 singletons and 3324 multiple births with CAs were analyzed. The mean incidences of CA for single and multiple births were 27.12 and 54.42 per 1000 births, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, CAs associated with multiple births were less likely to be diagnosed prenatally (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34–0.43), as were congenital heart defects, congenital hydrocephalus, cleft lip with cleft palate, cleft lip without cleft palate, limb reduction defects, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, trisomy 21 syndrome, congenital malformation of the urinary system, and other chromosomal malformation, compared with singletons with CAs.ConclusionMultiple birth is associated with a significantly higher risk of CA, but a significantly lower prenatal diagnosis rate. Therefore, the healthcare of women with multiple pregnancy and their fetuses should be strengthened.
Elevated nuchal translucency, is it time to discuss the cut off?
Authors: Pasquini Lucia , Ponziani Ilaria , Spataro Elisa , Masini Giulia , Biancareddu Eleonora , Cordisco Adalgisa , Petraglia Felice 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate pregnancy and postnatal outcomes of fetuses with NT between 95th and 99th percentile at first trimester and whether they could benefit from further investigations rather that routine scans.MethodsMulticenter retrospective observational study which involved all cases with NT between 95th and 99th percentile from January 2015 to December 2020. Unfavorable outcome was considered as: miscarriage or intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), chromosomal abnormality/genetic syndrome, major malformation or neurodevelopmental delay. Study population outcomes were compared with general population.ResultsThe rate of unfavorable outcome was 25.44% (167 out of 667). We reported: 6 (0.90%) second trimester miscarriage or IUFD, 90 (13.49%) chromosomal abnormalities/genetic syndromes, 57 (8.55%) major malformations, 13 (1.95%) cases of neurodevelopmental delay. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities/genetic syndromes and major malformations were significantly higher (OR 6.99 (IC 95% 4.33–11.28), P < 0.001 and OR 17.77 (IC 95%7.22–43.75), P < 0.001 respectively) compared to the general population. The incidence of neurodevelopmental delay was not increased (OR of 0.64 CI 95% 0.33–1.24 P = 0.185).ConclusionsFetuses with NT between 95th and 99th percentile have an increased risk of pregnancy and postnatal adverse outcomes. According to our data it is reasonable to consider a lower cut of NT (NT > 95th percentile) for offering further investigations such as detailed ultrasound scan, fetal echocardiography and counseling where the option of performing fetal karyotype and CGH array should be discussed.
CDCT‐induced nephrotoxicity in rat by apoptosis via metabolic disturbance
Authors: Zuo Chijing , Liu Yan , Wang Jie , Yu Weidong , Liu Yujie , Zhang Yanyan , Xu Jingjing , Peng Daiyin , Peng Can 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCompound diclofenac sodium chlorphenamine maleate tablets (CDCT) are widely used for the cold in Asia. However, CDCT can cause hematuria symptoms in clinical, and the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aims to investigate the CDCT‐induced changes of morphology in kidney and metabolites and further explore the possible mechanisms of CDCT‐induced nephrotoxicity. Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to the CDCT at a clinical equivalent dose for 6 days. CDCT exposure can induce kidney injury and death. Pathological changes, including creatinine, urea nitrogen, and histopathology, were observed in rats. Furthermore, metabolomic‐driven energy and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway disorders, accompanied by remarkably changed key metabolites, such as succinate, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and cardiolipin (CL), are observed in the CDCT‐induced nephrotoxicity. Functionally, succinate accumulation leads to mitochondrial damage, as evidence by the imbalance of complex I and complex II and an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mito SOX). Meanwhile, LTB4 activated the NF‐κB signaling, as shown by increased protein of p65, phosphor‐p65, and decreased protein of IκBα and phosphor‐IκBα. Eventually, the apoptosis pathway was triggered in response to reduced CL, inflammation, and mito SOX, as demonstrated by the expression of cyt c, Bax, Bcl‐2, caspase‐3, and caspase‐9. This study indicated that CDCT‐induced metabolic disorders triggered nephrotoxicity and provided a comprehensive information to elucidate the mechanism of CDCT induced nephrotoxicity.
Effects of cadmium acetate contaminated drinking water on vital organs: A histopathological and biochemical study
Authors: Syed Murtaza H. , Rubab Syeda A. , Abbas Syed R. , Qutaba Syed , Mohd Zahari Mior A. K. , Abdullah Norhayati 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with various human exposure sources. It accumulates in the liver, forming a complex with metallothionein protein and progresses to other organs. As a heavy metal, cadmium can replace calcium and other divalent ions and disturb their cascades, ultimately affecting the vital organs. Since cadmium acetate (CA) is considered more lethal than other Cd compounds, the current study examines the effect of different concentrations of CA doses in drinking water for different exposure times in murine models (Mus musculus). After the exposure period, the murine models were then examined histopathologically and biochemically. The histopathological examination of the heart, liver, and kidneys of the experimental group showed extensive degenerative effects. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the quantity of cadmium in serum, kidney, and hepatic tissues. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of hepatic proteins, especially metallothionein, directly related to Cd administration. The biochemical parameters, including creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total proteins, glucose, urea, uric acid, and creatinine, were also analyzed. After thorough histochemical and biochemical analysis, it was concluded that even low dose exposure of CA is hazardous to murine models with damaging effects.
Myelosuppression Caused by Nanoparticle Albumin‐Bound Paclitaxel in the Northern Chinese Population and the Role of Body Composition
Authors: Shi Yongzhi , Guo Jiayuan , Jiang Ying , Zhao Juan , Li Jiaxuan , Shen Jing , Jin Gaowa , Bai Xiaojun , Li Quanfu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between lean body mass (LBM) and the incidence and severity of neutropenia in patients with malignant tumors from Northern China who have received nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel. Twenty‐six patients with pathologically confirmed malignant tumors were prospectively included in this study. These 26 patients were divided into Group A (sarcopenia) and Group B (nonsarcopenia). Group A comprised 50% (13/26) of the patients, while Group B comprised the other 50% (13/26). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of body surface area (P = .052). The incidence of neutropenia in Group A was 76.9% compared to 61.5% in Group B (P = .0673). The incidence of Grade 3 and severe neutropenia was 76.9% versus 61.5% in Groups A and B, respectively (P = .645). These 26 patients were divided into Groups 1 and 2 based on the administered nab‐paclitaxel dose per kilogram of LBM, with both groups receiving a body surface area dose of 260 mg/m2. Group 1 received a nab‐paclitaxel dose of 14.19 mg/kg of LBM, whereas Group 2 received 11.37 mg/kg of LBM. In Group 1, the incidence of neutropenia was 71.4%, whereas it was 66.7% in Group 2. Grade 3 or higher neutropenia incidence was 28.6% in Group 1 versus 16.7% in Group 2. Patients with sarcopenia in northern China experienced a higher incidence of severe neutropenia after receiving nab‐paclitaxel than patients without sarcopenia. Higher drug dose intensity per unit of LBM may be a contributing factor.
Fatty acid amides as potential circulating biomarkers for sarcopenia
Authors: Kim Ye An , Lee Seung Hun , Koh Jung‐Min , Kwon Seung‐hyun , Lee Young , Cho Han Jin , Kim Hanjun , Kim Su Jung , Lee Ji Hyun , Yoo Hyun Ju , Seo Je Hyun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is characterized by a progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function with age. Given that sarcopenia is associated with various metabolic disorders, effective metabolic biomarkers for its early detection are required. We aimed to investigate the metabolic biomarkers related to sarcopenia in elderly men and perform experimental studies using metabolomics.MethodsPlasma metabolites from 142 elderly men, comprising a sarcopenia group and an age‐matched control group, were measured using global metabolome profiling. Muscle and plasma samples from an aging mouse model of sarcopenia, as well as cell media and cell lysates during myoblast differentiation, were analysed based on targeted metabolome profiling. Based on these experimental results, fatty acid amides were quantified from human plasma as well as human muscle tissues. The association of fatty acid amide levels with sarcopenia parameters was evaluated.ResultsGlobal metabolome profiling showed that fatty acid amide levels were significantly different in the plasma of elderly men with sarcopenia (all Ps < 0.01). Consistent with these results in human plasma, targeted metabolome profiling in an aging mouse model of sarcopenia showed decreased levels of fatty acid amides in plasma but not in muscle tissue. In addition, the levels of fatty acid amides increased in cell lysates during muscle cell differentiation. Targeted metabolome profiling in men showed decreased docosahexaenoic acid ethanolamide (DHA EA) levels in the plasma (P = 0.016) but not in the muscle of men with sarcopenia. DHA EA level was positively correlated with sarcopenia parameters such as skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) for DHA EA level ≤ 4.60 fmol/μL for sarcopenia was 0.618 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.532–0.698). DHA EA level ≤ 4.60 fmol/μL was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.03–4.30), independent of HGS. The addition of DHA EA level to age and HGS significantly improved the AUC from 0.620 to 0.691 (P = 0.0497).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that fatty acid amides are potential circulating biomarkers in elderly men with sarcopenia. DHA EA, in particular, strongly related to muscle mass and strength, can be a key metabolite to become a reliable metabolic biomarker for sarcopenia. Further research on fatty acid amides will provide insights into the metabolomic changes relevant to sarcopenia from an aging perspective.
Resveratrol inhibits ferroptosis via activating NRF2/GPX4 pathway in mice with spinal cord injury
Authors: Ni Chengtao , Ye Qing , Mi Xiaodan , Jiao Dian , Zhang Shuangshuang , Cheng Ruidong , Fang Zhanglu , Fang Marong , Ye Xiangming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is a newly defined form of cell death involved in neurologic disease. Resveratrol is a non‐flavonoid polyphenolic compound with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, but its potential therapeutic mechanism in spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unknown. Therefore, this study evaluates the mechanism by which resveratrol promotes neurological and motor function recovery in mice with SCI. The motor function of mice was evaluated using the Basso Mouse Scale score and footprint test. The effect of resveratrol on the neuronal cell state was observed using NeuN, fluoro‐Jade C, and Nissl staining. The expression of iron content in injured segments was observed using Perls blue and Diaminobenzidine staining. The effect of resveratrol on the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, Fe2+, and glutathione peroxidase 4 enzyme activity was also investigated. The mitochondrial ultrastructures of injured segment cells were observed using transmission electron microscope, while the protein levels of ferroptosis‐related targets were detected using Western blot. Our findings show that resveratrol improves motor function after SCI and has certain neuroprotective effects; in ferroptosis‐related studies, resveratrol inhibited the expression of ferroptosis‐related proteins and ions. Resveratrol improved changes in mitochondrial morphology. Mechanistically, the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reversed the inhibitory effect of resveratrol on ferroptosis‐related genes, indicating that resveratrol inhibits ferroptosis through the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway. Our findings elucidate that resveratrol promotes functional recovery, inhibits ferroptosis post‐SCI, and provides an experimental basis for subsequent clinical translational research.

Our study shows that resveratrol inhibits the production of lipid peroxide and the accumulation of iron by activating Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis. At the same time, it can promote the recovery of motor function of mice.
Administrators’ preparedness to address physician burnout before and during COVID‐19
Authors: Schoolcraft Payton L. , Brown Stephen L. , Xie Yue 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOccupational burnout has become widespread. The syndrome can be especially harmful in health care settings, affecting clinicians, organizational effectiveness, and patient safety. Certain approaches have proven helpful in some cases in combatting the syndrome. The coronavirus pandemic presented physicians with unique challenges, which appeared to have magnified work stress This national survey specifically explored interventions used by health care leaders to reduce burnout and whether these interventions proved effective during a pandemic. We also discuss effective and appropriate organizational measures to reduce physician burnout and its associated risks during crises.
Exploration of fish gut‐associated actinobacteria for its antifouling activity
Authors: Ashwin Ramesh K. , Aruna Arunachalam , Koyyodan Jisha , Kaari Manigundan , Venugopal Gopikrishnan , Manikkam Radhakrishnan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn attempt has been made to screen the fish gut‐associated actinobacterial cultures for antifouling compounds. Fifteen morphologically distinct bacterial cultures were recovered from the biofouling samples scraped from the boat surfaces and other maritime structures in the Kovalam beach (Lat. 12.7870°N; Long. 80.2504°E) coastal areas in Tamil Nadu, India. All the bacterial isolates were identified at generic level from which two isolates namely KB6 and KB7 as Staphylococcus sp. were found the exhibit strong biofilm formation. Four actinobacterial strains viz., IM20, PYA9, F8, and SQA4 were evaluated for inhibitory properties against biofouling bacteria using the agar plug method. Strain IM20 which strongly inhibited the biofouling bacteria was chosen as prospective strain for further studies. When compared to submerged fermentation, IM20 produced a high amount of antifouling chemicals on the agar surface fermentation. Among the solvents tested, better extraction of antifouling compounds was seen in ethyl acetate extract. Antifouling compound production by the strain IM20 was found to be influenced by a number of variables such as glucose, fructose, glutamine, malt extract, pH 7 and 9, temperature 30 and 40°C and NaCl at 2.5% and 5% concentrations. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis of the strain IM20 extract revealed the presence of pyrrolo (1,2‐a]pyrazine‐1,4‐dione, hexahydro) in significant amount. In the present study, the fish gut‐associated Streptomyces sp. IM20 was identified as an unusual and newly added source for the isolation of antifouling compounds.
Isolation, structural characterization and sporicidal properties of Baelezcin A, a novel cyclic lipopeptide from Bacillus velezensis SJ100083 against gray mold
Authors: Yuan Ziqiang , Zhou Bo , Wu Xiuna , Wang Li , Li Guiling , Liu Jingwen , Kang Qianjin , Wu Daren , Li Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPostharvest gray mold induced by Botrytis cinerea seriously affects cherry quality, resulting in huge economic losses. The aim of this study was to isolate and purify a novel antifungal compound from the endophytic Bacillus velezensis SJ100083 of cherries to prevent postharvest gray mold.ResultsIn this study, Baelezcin A, extracted and purified from Bacillus velezensis SJ100083, was found effective in suppressing gray mold on cherries. Furthermore, the structure of Baelezcin A was identified as a novel cyclic lipopeptide with molecular formula of C52H91N7O13 through ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap‐HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Baelezcin A treatment at 25 mg L−1 significantly decreased the disease incidence and severity of cherry gray mold, the antifungal mechanism of which was attributed to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species within the spores and the leakage of mycelium cytoplasmal contents, resulting in a low rate of spore germination. Moreover, it was proven to be biologically safe within a certain range by MTT assays.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that Baelezcin A from the culture of Bacillus velezensis SJ100083 may be a promising fruit preservative for controlling postharvest gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.