bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of modified sisal microcrystalline cellulose PHS‐g‐MCC and its application in NR/SiO2 composites
Authors: Chen Dongming , Li Ziwei , Li Dacheng , Wei Qiaoyan , Li Shanrong , Mo Jing , Zheng Zijian , Lu Shaorong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPoly‐(12‐hydroxystearic acid) (PHS) grafted sisal microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was prepared using γ‐aminopropyltriethoxylsiane (KH550) and PHS. It was applied to natural rubber (NR) composites system to replace part of the silica (SiO2) and reinforce the NR composites. The compatibility between PHS‐g‐MCC and the NR matrix was studied with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The reinforcement of NR composites with PHS‐g‐MCC (instead of SiO2) was investigated experimentally. NR/SiO2/PHS‐g‐MCC and NR/SiO2/MCC composites were prepared with a fixed filler content of 30 phr. The results show that the partial substitution of PHS‐g‐MCC for SiO2 can improve the vulcanization characteristics of the composites. The PHS‐g‐MCC showed better dispersibility in the NR matrix than MCC and the addition of PHS‐g‐MCC improved the tensile strength, 100% modulus, and hardness of the NR composites. When the amount of PHS‐g‐MCC replacing SiO2 is 5 phr, the tensile strength of the NR composites reached its maximum value. The thermal stability of NR reinforced by PHS‐g‐MCC was better than that of NR reinforced by MCC.
Validation of diagnostic coding for bronchiectasis in an electronic health record system in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwok Wang Chun , Tam Terence Chi Chun , Sing Chor Wing , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Cheung Ching‐Lung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveElectronic medical record (EMR) databases can facilitate epidemiology research in various diseases including bronchiectasis. Given the diagnostic challenges of bronchiectasis, the validity of the coding in EMR requires clarification. We aimed to assess the validity of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD‐9) code algorithms for identifying bronchiectasis in the territory‐wide electronic medical health record system of Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS) in Hong Kong.Materials and MethodsAdult patients who had the diagnosis of bronchiectasis input from Queen Mary Hospital in 2011–2020 were identified using the ICD‐9 code of 494 by CDARS. All patients who had high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were reviewed by respiratory specialists to confirm the presence of bronchiectasis on HRCT.ResultsA total of 19 617 patients who had the diagnostic code of bronchiectasis among all public hospitals in Hong Kong and 1866 in Queen Mary Hospital in the same period. Six hundred and forty‐eight cases were randomly selected and validated using medical record and HRCT review by a respiratory specialist. The overall positive predictive value (PPV) was 92.7% (95% CI 90.7–94.7).ConclusionsThis was the first ICD‐9 coding validation for bronchiectasis in Hong Kong CDARS. Our study demonstrated that using ICD‐9 code of 494 was reliable to support utility of CDARS database for further clinical research on bronchiectasis.
Bismaleimide resins modified by a novel vanillin‐derived allyl compounds: Synthesis, curing behavior, and thermal properties
Authors: Yuan Zhigang , Wang Lei , Liu Caizhao , Zhang Xugang , Sun Mingming , Zhang Bin , Derradji Mehdi , Li Jianhui , Song Caiyu , Liu Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, a novel biobased allyl compound with Schiff‐based structure (MPAM) was developed to improve the toughness and thermal properties of 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM). The chemical structure of MPAM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). A series of BDM/DBA‐MPAM blend resins (BD‐MPAM resins) were prepared by adjusting the mass ratio of BDM + DBA (BD) to MPAM. The effects of MPAM content on the curing behavior, thermal and mechanical properties of BD‐MPAM resins were discussed in details. Compared with BD resin, the thermal stability of modified resins was improved by increasing the content of MPAM. Meanwhile, an increase of 37.1% in flexural strength, and 228 MPa in flexural modulus were obtained for the cured BD‐MPAM resin having 10 wt% MPAM loading compared to the BD resin. The impact strength of BD‐10 wt% MPAM is of the maximum value (6.6 kJ/m2). Finally, the fracture surface morphology of the BD‐MPAM resins was studied by the scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Luminescent 3D printed poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Kothavade Premkumar Anil , Yadav Prashant , Nidhankar Aakash D. , Torris Arun , Pol Harshawardhan , Kafi Abdullah , Bateman Stuart , Sukumaran Santosh Babu , Shanmuganathan Kadhiravan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) printing of functional composite materials has gained tremendous interest in recent years. Nevertheless, research on 3D printing of luminescent composite materials is very limited, and the mechanical properties of such 3D‐printed composites are poor. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite that, when 3D printed, exhibits enhanced toughness and high solid‐state fluorescence quantum yield. Incorporation of only 1 wt% pyrene butyric acid modified cellulose nanofibers (PBA‐m‐CNF) and l0 wt% thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) into PLA led to 223% increase in toughness and 21% increase in tensile modulus of PLA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray microcomputed tomography (μ‐CT) analysis of the fractured cross‐sections of 3D printed composites revealed a ductile failure mode. The PLA/PBA‐m‐CNF1/TPU10 3D printed composite also exhibited a high solid‐state fluorescence quantum yield of 38.35%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show both enhanced mechanical properties and high solid‐state fluorescence emission for 3D printable PLA. Such functional PLA composites could have potential applications in the fabrication of complex‐shaped sensors, optical light pipes, etc.
Global profiling of lysine lactylation in human lungs
Authors: Yang Ye‐Hong , Wang Qiao‐Chu , Kong Jie , Yang Jun‐Tao , Liu Jiang‐Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLactate is closely related to various cellular processes, such as angiogenesis, responses to hypoxia, and macrophage polarization, while regulating natural immune signaling pathways and promoting neurogenesis and cognitive function. Lysine lactylation (Kla) is a novel posttranslational modification, the examination of which may lead to new understanding of the nonmetabolic functions of lactate and the various physiological and pathological processes in which lactate is involved, such as infection, tumorigenesis and tumor development. Using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS), researchers have identified lactylation in human gastric cancer cells and some other species, but no research on lactylation in human lungs has been reported. In this study, we performed global profiling of lactylation in human lungs under normal physiological conditions, and 724 Kla sites in 451 proteins were identified. After comparing the identified proteins with those reported in human lactylation datasets, 141 proteins that undergo lactylation were identified for the first time in this study. Our work expands the database on human lactylation and helps advance the study on lactylation function and regulation under physiological and pathological conditions.
In‐situ doping and post‐treatments modulate the photoelectrical properties and stability of electropolymerization poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Feng Chen , Gao Bo , Liu Jiadong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has been widely used in electrode materials, electrochromic materials, biosensors, supercapacitor, and solar cells, etc. In these applications, high requirement for the stability of PEDOT is indispensable. This study focused on enhancing the stability of electro‐polymerized PEDOT electrodes by in‐situ doping and solvent treatment in order to reduce the dissolution products of PEDOT under photoelectric conditions. The post‐treatment was a combination of soaking and/or rising with deionized water, anhydrous ethanol and sulfuric acid solution (pH = 2) for different times. Among them, the sample rinsed successively with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water was the most effective post‐treatment method, which can reduce the dissolution amount by 35%. Through doping para‐toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH), the dissolution amount was further decreased by 58%. The surface hydrophobicity of PEDOT was increased from 23° to 38° after doping with TsOH, which was beneficial to the stability of PEDOT. Except for sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) doping, the photocurrent response of PEDOT can be increased by doping other selected substances. Specially, the photocurrent response of TsOH‐PEDOT was increased by 59%. There is a certain negative correlation between dissolution amount and the photocurrent response, suggesting less dissolution is conductive to maintaining high photoelectric performance.
Discharge aspects of a snake‐like plasma plume generated by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet with variable argon flow rate
Authors: Wu Jiacun , Li Xuechen , Ran Junxia , Jia Hanxiao , Wu Kaiyue , Han Guoxin , Liu Jingnan , Chen Junyu , Pang Xuexia , Jia Pengying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlasma plume morphology, related to streamer behavior and active‐species distribution of plasma jets, is important for fixed‐point and precise treatment of workpieces. For a peculiar snake‐like plume, discharge aspects are investigated with varying argon flow rate (Q) in this paper. Results indicate that the plume length and distance between two neighboring peaks of the snake‐like plume increase with increasing Q. Fast photography indicates that the snake‐like plume is composed of positive streamers propagating along a reproducible serpentine trajectory, which occurs once per voltage cycle. Based on optical emission spectroscopy, electron temperature, electron density, and vibrational temperature are investigated with varying Q. All these phenomena are qualitatively analyzed finally.
Modeling and risk analysis of large‐scale crude oil pool fire on an offshore facility
Authors: Wang Yanfu , Wang Tao , Wang Chen , Khan Faisal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale pool fires on offshore platforms can have disastrous consequences. Wind load is an essential component of the marine environment; hence, wind‐shielding facilities are installed on the platforms as needed. A computational fluid dynamics technique is used in this study to model large‐scale pool fires. The effects of wind load and windshields on large‐scale pool fires are investigated. Furthermore, the impact of the large‐scale pool fire on personnel is evaluated based on thermal radiation dose. It has been discovered that the growing horizontal momentum of the wind load might result in a significant distance of fatal injury. The windshields have double‐edged effects, including that: (1) they can reduce the injury distance by preventing the spread of fire products; and (2) they could block the release of heat and smoke. It is advised that while installing windshields on offshore platforms, different fire scenarios need to be considered. This research can be used to provide technical support for the development of the emergency evacuation strategy and layout design of offshore platforms.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of levetiracetam to predict the exposure in hepatic and renal impairment and elderly populations
Authors: Shen Chaozhuang , Shao Wenxin , Wang Wenhui , Sun Hua , Wang Xiaohu , Geng Kuo , Wang Xingwen , Xie Haitang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLevetiracetam (LEV) is an anti‐epileptic drug approved for use in various populations. The pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of LEV may be altered in the elderly and patients with renal and hepatic impairment. Thus, dosage adjustment is required. This study was conducted to investigate how the physiologically‐based PK (PBPK) model describes the PKs of LEV in adult and elderly populations, as well as to predict the PKs of LEV in patients with renal and hepatic impairment in both populations. The whole‐body PBPK models were developed using the reported physicochemical properties of LEV and clinical data. The models were validated using data from clinical studies with different dose ranges and different routes and intervals of administration. The fit performance of the models was assessed by comparing predicted and observed blood concentration data and PK parameters. It is recommended that the doses be reduced to ~70%, 60%, and 45% of the adult dose for the mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment populations and ~95%, 80%, and 57% of the adult dose for the Child Pugh‐A (CP‐A), Child Pugh‐B (CP‐B), and Child Pugh‐C (CP‐C) hepatic impairment populations, respectively. No dose adjustment is required for the healthy elderly population, but dose reduction is required for the elderly with organ dysfunction accordingly, on a scale similar to that of adults. A PBPK model of LEV was successfully developed to optimize dosing regimens for special populations.
Emergency Management Performance Grant (EMPG) funding allocations and relevance for US disaster policy
Authors: Gerber‐Chavez Logan , Montano Samantha , Savitt Amanda , Corbin Tanya B. , Downey Davia C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Emergency Management Performance Grant (EMPG) program has long been a cornerstone of state and local emergency management preparedness efforts. Through the EMPG program, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) administers grants to state and local emergency management agencies to accomplish a wide range of tasks such as the development of response and recovery plans, the creation of emergency operation centers, and the hiring of staff, among other activities required to be effective. EMPG provides the predominant federal funding for this mission, and many agencies depend on these funds for their operations. Despite the importance of EMPG, there is a dearth of empirical research about the program. This study explores this gap by evaluating how EMPG funds were distributed across United States counties from 2014 to 2020. Using FEMA and US Census data, we conducted a county‐level analysis using robust regression statistical analysis to determine factors affecting funding awards. Findings indicate that high population, high diversity, a strong economy, and high risk (measured using both the National Risk Index score and the number of federal disaster declarations per county) increased the likelihood that a county would receive EMPG funds, with high‐risk urban counties rather than rural counties receiving more funding.
Predefined‐time‐synchronized backstepping control of strict‐feedback nonlinear systems
Authors: Jang Seok Gyu , Yoo Sung Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFixed‐time‐synchronized control using norm‐normalized sign functions has been recently studied, where all state variables converge to the origin at the same time and the bound of the settling time is independent of the initial states. However, the existing fixed‐time‐synchronized control results are only applicable to second‐order systems with matched nonlinearities. Thus, this article pays attention to an extension problem of time‐synchronized control to high‐order systems with unmatched nonlinearities. We develop a predefined‐time‐synchronized backstepping tracker design for multi‐input multi‐output strict‐feedback nonlinear systems, where all output tracking errors converge to the origin at the same time, regardless of unmatched nonlinearities, and the bound of the synchronized settling time is independent of the initial errors and selected a priori. Sufficient conditions on continuously differentiable and nonsingular virtual and actual controller designs are presented for the recursive design. It is shown that the predefined‐time‐synchronized stability is ensured recursively and the singularity problem of the proposed tracker can be avoided. Finally, simulation comparison results with the existing fixed‐time backstepping control are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical approach.
Oligomer Dynamics of LL‐37 Truncated Fragments Probed by α‐Hemolysin Pore and Molecular Simulations
Authors: Liu Chang , Henning‐Knechtel Anja , Österlund Nicklas , Wu Jinming , Wang Guangshun , Gräslund Ruth Astrid Olivia , Kirmizialtin Serdal , Luo Jinghui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOligomerization of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is critical in their effects on pathogens. LL‐37 and its truncated fragments are widely investigated regarding their structures, antimicrobial activities, and application, such as developing new antibiotics. Due to the small size and weak intermolecular interactions of LL‐37 fragments, it is still elusive to establish the relationship between oligomeric states and antimicrobial activities. Here, an α‐hemolysin nanopore, mass spectrometry (MS), and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations are used to characterize the oligomeric states of two LL‐37 fragments. Nanopore studies provide evidence of trapping events related to the oligomer formation and provide further details on their stabilities, which are confirmed by MS and MD simulations. Furthermore, simulation results reveal the molecular basis of oligomer dynamics and states of LL‐37 fragments. This work provides unique insights into the relationship between the oligomer dynamics of AMPs and their antimicrobial activities at the single‐molecule level. The study demonstrates how integrating methods allows deciphering single molecule level understanding from nanopore sensing approaches.
Physicochemically Interlocked Sulfur Covalent Triazine Framework for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries with Exceptional Longevity
Authors: Mahato Manmatha , Nam Sanghee , Lee Myung‐Joon , Koratkar Nikhil , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn electronically conjugated functional triazine framework is used to synthesize a physicochemically interlocked sulfur cathode that delivers high energy density coupled with exceptional cycle life in lithium‐sulfur batteries. Conventional melt‐diffusion strategies to impregnate sulfur in the cathode offer poor cycle life due to physical mixing with weak interactions. By contrast, in this approach, sulfur is physicochemically entrapped within a nanoporous and heteroatom doped high surface area covalent triazine framework, resulting in outstanding electrochemical performance (≈89% capacity retention after 1000 cycles, the energy density of ≈2,022 Wh kg−1sulfur and high‐rate capability up to 12 C). The overall structural characteristics and interactions of sulfur with the covalent triazine framework are explored in detail to explain the intriguing properties of the sulfur cathode.
Slipping‐Free Halide Perovskite Supercrystals from Supramolecularly‐Assembled Nanocrystals
Authors: Okamoto Takuya , Biju Vasudevanpillai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSupramolecularly assembled high‐order supercrystals (SCs) help control the dielectric, electronic, and excitonic properties of semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) and quantum dots (QDs). Ligand‐engineered perovskite NCs (PNCs) assemble into SCs showing shorter excitonic lifetimes than strongly dielectric PNC films showing long photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes and long‐range carrier diffusion. Monodentate to bidentate ligand exchange on ≈ 8 nm halide perovskite (APbX3; A:Cs/MA, X:Br/I) PNCs generates mechanically stable SCs with close‐packed lattices, overlapping electronic wave functions, and higher dielectric constant, providing distinct excitonic properties from single PNCs or PNC films. From Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) images, time‐resolved PL, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering, structurally and excitonically ordered large SCs are identified. An Sc shows a smaller spectral shift (<35 meV) than a PNC film (>100 meV), a microcrystal (>100 meV), or a bulk crystal (>100 meV). Also, the exciton lifetime (<10 ns) of an SC is excitation power‐independent in the single exciton regime 〈N〉<1, comparable to an isolated PNC. Therefore, bidentate‐ligand‐assisted SCs help overcome delayed exciton or carrier recombination in halide perovskite nanocrystal assemblies or films.
Nanometer Sized Direct Laser‐Induced Gold Printing for Precise 2D‐Electronic Device Fabrication
Authors: Geladari Olympia , Eberle Martin , Maier Andre , Fetzer Florian , Chassé Thomas , Meixner Alfred J. , Scheele Marcus , Schnepf Andreas , Braun Kai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlexible electronics manufacturing technologies are essential and highly favored for future integrated photonic and electronic devices. Direct laser induced writing (DIW) of metals has shown potential as a fast and highly variable method in adaptable electronics. However, most of the DIW procedures use silver structures, which tend to oxidize and are limited to the micrometer regime. Here, a DIW technique is introduced that not only enables electrical gold wiring of 2D van‐der‐Waals materials with sub‐µm structures and 100 nm interspacing resolution but is also capable of fabricating photo switches and field effect transistors on various rigid and elastic materials. Light sensitive metalloid Au32‐nanoclusters serve as the ink that allows for low‐power cw‐laser exposure without further post‐treatment. With a simple lift‐off procedure, the unexposed ink can be removed. The technique realizes ultrafast, high resolution, and high precision production of integrated electronics and may pave the way for personalized circuits even printed on curved surfaces.
Cellulose‐Based Hydrogel as a Natural Medium for Paddy Seed Germination
Authors: Jong Shu‐Jun , KarunaKaran Kanchana , Wasli Mohd Effendi , Musa Zaki , Chin Suk‐Fun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCellulose hydrogel derived from cellulose fibers extracted from printed paper waste is prepared. The hydrogel derived from 3 wt% of the cellulose concentration exhibits a maximum water absorption capacity of 465.5%. The effects of the cellulose hydrogel on the soil moisture are evaluated using four types of soils namely river sand, clayey soil, loamy soil, and gley soil (the wetland soil). The potential application of cellulose‐based hydrogel as an eco‐friendly seed germination media of the paddy seeds under the soil‐less condition is evaluated. This study shows that paddy seeds exhibit a higher seed germination rate of 53% when cellulose hydrogel is used as a seed germination media as compared to seed germination rate ranging from 14% to 35% when various types of soil are used as the germination media. The prepared cellulose hydrogel could be applied as an eco‐friendly and cost‐effective seed germination media to enhance the paddy seeds' germination rate.
Shaping Great Transformations in Germany: The Role of Youth Entrepreneurship Education (YEE)
Authors: Braukmann Ulrich , Koch Lambert T. , Bartsch Dominik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change, the destruction of the environment, and resource scarcity—the developments associated with these phenomena are posing ever greater challenges for humanity today and require solutions, both in a regional context and at a global level. The sustainability debate has long dominated everyday politics in Germany and elsewhere. The need for comprehensive changes in attitudes, behavior, and rules is acknowledged, and people are—in principle—aware of the great challenges that lie ahead. Yet progress is very slow in setting the necessary course for the future, and, in the light of looming ecological tipping points, this can seem quite alarming. This paper addresses the question of how to generate significantly more implementation potential in our society and bring together what are often uncoordinated developments to achieve a truly “great transformation” toward more sustainable structures in business, society, and the environment. The focus is put on the significance of innovation and entrepreneurial thinking and acting and its early, systematic manifestations. It is argued why appropriately designed, youth entrepreneurship education (YEE) could be an important factor in this context.