bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential impact of great lockdown on students’ knowledge, attitude and practices towards the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Berekaa Mahmoud , Omer Eltigani , Almoslem Munthir , Alsahli Khaled , Aljassim Mohammed 
Published: July 2023

Background: Despite variation in the types of COVID-19 vaccines and genetic variation in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, using preventive measures remains the first choice to reduce risks associated with COVID-19 infection. Methods: This cross-sectional study highlights students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward SARS-CoV-2 infection during lockdown. The study was conducted at the Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected from 43 male preparatory students via an online self-structured questionnaire. Knowledge level was determined using mean scores, while chi-square and t-tests were performed to detect significant differences between groups. Results: Males aged 17–20 years displayed better knowledge regarding COVID-19 than other groups (t = 2.03, p = 0.049). Most participants recognized the typical symptoms and transmission routes; 93% indicated they viewed social distancing as a crucial preventive measure. Following lockdown, a 1.7-fold increase in the number of participants who believed that mask-wearing was an effective preventive measure was observed; however, 37.2% did not trust this practice. There was a 2.2-fold increase in the number of participants who took part in awareness programs during lockdown. Students’ knowledge increased from 73.2% to 81.5% following the lockdown. Specifically, mean knowledge regarding the role of contaminated tools in disease transmission increased from 33.7% to 75.5%. After lockdown, 58.1% of participants were anxious and afraid of having contact with their colleagues, while 39.5% missed their classes due to anxiety. Two sources of information impacted students’ knowledge following the lockdown: university studies (t = 2.149, p = 0.038) and friends (t = 2.6, p = 0.013). Conclusions: The findings suggest that IAU preparatory-year students have acceptable knowledge, awareness, and attitudes towards COVID-19 infection. The study reflects the impact of media on improvement in preventive measure uptake. Knowledge of the pandemic may increase if health education programs are designed to target students.
Nanopore sequencing of DNA barcodes succeeds in unveilling the diversity of fungal mock communities
Authors: Pedroso-Roussado Cristiano , Guppy Fergus , Bowler Lucas , Inacio Joao 
Published: July 2023

Background: The fungal component of the gut microbiome has been underrepresented in most gut microbiome studies. While metabarcoding approaches have been used to assess the diversity and role of the gut mycobiome, differences in experimental design and downstream analyses may induce bias and differential outcomes. This study assessed the capacity of nanopore sequencing to retrieve the microbial profile and relative abundance of a mock fungal community comprised of Candida glabrata, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Clavispora lusitaniae and Candida parapsilosis. Methods: The approach was implemented using the MinION system and involved the analysis of sequencing libraries made from equimolar mixtures of the PCR-amplified nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the target species. Results: Nanopore sequencing successfully retrieved the composition of the fungal mock community in terms of the different taxa present. However, the approach was unable to correctly assess the expected relative abundances of each species in the same community, showing some yet undetermined bias that may be related to the size of the respective target DNA fragments. Clavispora lusitaniae was consistently overrepresented in the mixtures, while C. glabrata was underrepresented. The remaining three species showed relative abundances more aligned with the expected values of an equimolar mixture. Conclusions: Although not yielding the expected results for the relative abundances, the values obtained from independent sequencing runs were similar for all species, suggesting a good reliability but questionable accuracy in this sequencing approach.
The Behaviour Change Technique Ontology: Transforming the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1
Authors: Marques Marta M. , Wright Alison J. , Corker Elizabeth , Johnston Marie , West Robert , Hastings Janna , Zhang Lisa , Michie Susan 
Published: July 2023

Background: The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 (BCTTv1) specifies the potentially active content of behaviour change interventions. Evaluation of BCTTv1 showed the need to extend it into a formal ontology, improve its labels and definitions, add BCTs and subdivide existing BCTs. We aimed to develop a Behaviour Change Technique Ontology (BCTO) that would meet these needs. Methods: The BCTO was developed by: (1) collating and synthesising feedback from multiple sources; (2) extracting information from published studies and classification systems; (3) multiple iterations of reviewing and refining entities, and their labels, definitions and relationships; (4) refining the ontology via expert stakeholder review of its comprehensiveness and clarity; (5) testing whether researchers could reliably apply the ontology to identify BCTs in intervention reports; and (6) making it available online and creating a machine-readable version. Results: Initially there were 282 proposed changes to BCTTv1. Following first-round review, 19 BCTs were split into two or more BCTs, 27 new BCTs were added and 26 BCTs were moved into a different group, giving 161 BCTs hierarchically organised into 12 logically defined higher-level groups in up to five hierarchical levels. Following expert stakeholder review, the refined ontology had 247 BCTs hierarchically organised into 20 higher-level groups. Independent annotations of intervention evaluation reports by researchers familiar and unfamiliar with the ontology resulted in good levels of inter-rater reliability (0.82 and 0.79, respectively). Following revision informed by this exercise, 34 BCTs were added, resulting in a final version of the BCTO containing 281 BCTs organised into 20 higher-level groups over five hierarchical levels. Discussion: The BCT Ontology provides a standard terminology and comprehensive classification system for the content of behaviour change interventions that can be reliably used to describe interventions.
The Routh Hurwitz Criteria for Studying The Stability and Bifurcation in Multispiral Chua Chaotic Attractor
Authors: Belouerghi Maika , Menacer Tidjani , Lozi René 
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the multispiral Chua Chaotic attractor’s hidden bifurcations that are generated by the sine function. The number of spirals (also known as a multiscroll attractor) that are controlled by the integer parameter c can be used to describe the basic shape of chaotic attractors. Since this parameter is an integer, increasing it by one does not allow the observation of bifurcations from n to n + 2 spirals. The method of hidden bifurcations, however, enables the observation of such bifurcations by adding a real parameter ε. Chaotic attractors with either an even or an odd number of spirals are visible along the marked paths of bifurcation. Moreover, this additional hidden parameter allows finding the bifurcation of the multispiral Chua attractor from a stable state to a chaotic state. Furthermore, the Routh-Hurwitz criteria are used to study the stability of the original equilibrium point of the Chua attractor.
Trauma, familia y educación
Authors: Rodríguez Mª Dolores 
Published: July 2023

En este artículo quisiera compartir mi experiencia en la práctica diaria llevada a cabo desde la consulta privada, en relación al impacto que puede tener en las familias y en especial en los niños y niñas ciertos eventos que pueden ocurrir en la vida cotidiana. El objetivo no es abordar procesos traumáticos graves, pero sí situaciones o eventos que pueden producir sufrimiento y dolor que requerirán igualmente de un buen acompañamiento e intervención para minimizar el riesgo de que puedan derivar en futuros traumas que comprometan el desarrollo saludable de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Pero antes abordaré el concepto de trauma y las consecuencias de sufrirlo en edades tempranas y de cómo el contexto familiar y escolar, pueden erigirse como potentes antídotos que favorezcan y colaboren en el alivio de sufrimientos inevitables y prevengan traumas infantiles evitables. Para ello, deberán poder ofrecer cuidados basados en los buenos tratos, el afecto, el respeto, el compromiso y la empatía. Padres y madres que dispongan de las competencias parentales y marentales suficientes, para que puedan ofrecer un cuidado de calidad, y fomentar en la interacción con sus hijos e hijas procesos de resiliencia primaria. Y escuelas sensibles al sufrimiento infantil, que con sus buenas prácticas creen sólidos lazos afectivos con sus alumnos, pudiendo llegar a convertirse en maravillosos tutores de resiliencia secundaria. Una magnifico tandem formado por familia, escuela, que lograrán ascender pronunciadas pendientes, si no se olvidan de la importancia de pedalear juntos.
La “espina dorsal” sobre el que se asienta tanto el “cuerpo” del artículo como el “alma” de mi práctica profesional es el Paradigma de los Buenos Tratos y el Modelo de la Traumaterapia Infanto-juvenil Sistémica cuyos creadores son Jorge Barudy y Maryorie Dantagnan.
Consecuencias del maltrato para el neurodesarrollo y su impacto en la vida adulta
Authors: Benito Moraga Rafael 
Published: July 2023

El bebé nace con un sistema nervioso por hacer; pero con un dispositivo básico cuya finalidad es vincularse al adulto encargado de cuidarlo, y aprovechar la interacción con él para ir integrando su funcionamiento, de modo que todos sus componentes participen cuando conviene, según las demandas del entorno, regulando el ánimo, la conducta y la actividad de los sistemas corporales de un modo que garantice una buena adaptación y un estado saludable. La proliferación de las prolongaciones neuronales que construirá las redes que hacen funcionar el cerebro se produce de un modo automático, gracias a un programa genético; pero la poda de esas conexiones, destinada a incrementar su eficiencia, no es algo tan espontáneo; depende mucho más de las experiencias ambientales, entre las que tienen una importancia capital las relaciones interpersonales. Cuando las interacciones con los demás proporcionan experiencias de seguridad y unos estados emocionales regulados, las redes neurales van adquiriendo un funcionamiento integrado, en el que cada área y núcleo cerebral contribuye al mantenimiento de un estado físico y psíquico saludable. Por el contrario, cuando los niños y niñas viven experiencias de abandono o negligencia, o bien sufren interacciones marcadas por el abuso emocional, físico o sexual, se producen alteraciones del neurodesarrollo que reducirán las posibilidades de que el sistema nervioso logre un funcionamiento integrado. Todas las formas de maltrato hacen que algunas áreas del cerebro no logren completar su desarrollo, o pierdan capacidad para conectarse con el resto; mientras que otras aumentan tanto su protagonismo y sus conexiones, que tienden a dominar la actividad neural haciendo que gobiernen el funcionamiento mental. El maltrato y la negligencia producen de este modo problemas para mantener un funcionamiento integrado del sistema nervioso; y esta falta de integración acabará perjudicando de por vida la salud mental y física de quien los ha sufrido.
Prevalence and predictors of Aspergillus seropositivity and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in an urban tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lakoh Sulaiman , Kamara Joseph B. , Orefuwa Emma , Sesay Daniel , Jiba Darlinda F. , Adekanmbi Olukemi , Deen Gibrilla F. , Russell James B. W. , Bah Abubakarr Bailor , Kargbo Maxwell Joseph , Firima Emmanuel , Yendewa George A. , Denning David W. 
Published: July 2023

Background
In the World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report 2022, 37% of pulmonary TB patients were clinically diagnosed and thus many people were treated for TB without evidence of the disease. Probably the most common TB misdiagnosis is chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of Aspergillus seropositivity and CPA in patients with chronic respiratory symptoms in an urban tertiary hospital in Sierra Leone.

Methodology/principal findings
We used a cross-sectional study design to recruit adults (≥18 years) from the Chest Clinic of Connaught Hospital, Freetown between November 2021 and July 2022. Aspergillus antibody was detected using LDBio Aspergillus IgM/IgG. Logistic regression was performed to assess the independent predictors of Aspergillus seropositivity and CPA. Of the 197 patients with chronic respiratory symptoms, 147 (74.6%) were male. Mean age was 47.1 ± 16.4 years. More than half (104, 52.8%) had been diagnosed with TB in the past, while 53 (26.9%) were on TB treatment at the time of recruitment. Fifty-two (26.4%) patients were HIV positive, 41 (20.8%) were seropositive for Aspergillus and 23 (11.6%) had CPA, 2 (3.8%) with current TB and 18 (17.3%) with past TB. Common radiologic abnormalities reported were localized fibrotic changes 62 (31.5%), consolidation 54 (27.4%), infiltrates 46 (23.4%), hilar adenopathy 40 (20.3%) and pleural effusion 35 (17.85) and thickening 23 (11.7%). Common symptoms were weight loss 144 (73.1%), cough 135 (68.5%), fever 117 (59.4%) and dyspnea 90 (45.7%). Current or past TB infection {aOR 3.52, 95% CI (1.46, 8.97); p = 0.005} was an independent predictor of Aspergillus seropositivity and CPA.

Conclusions/significance
We report a high prevalence of Aspergillus antibody seropositivity and CPA, underscoring the need to integrate the prevention and management of pulmonary fungal infections with TB services and asthma care in order to reduce unnecessary morbidity and mortality.
Exploring the double burden of malnutrition at the household level in the Philippines: Analysis of National Nutrition Survey data
Authors: Gaupholm Josephine , Dodd Warren , Papadopoulos Andrew , Little Matthew 
Published: July 2023

Background
In the Philippines, the rising prevalence of obesity and related chronic diseases alongside persistent undernutrition presents a complex public health challenge. Understanding the patterns and dynamics of this ‘double burden of malnutrition’ (DBM) is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. However, evidence of the occurrence of undernutrition and overnutrition within the same household is currently lacking.

Methods
Using cross-sectional data from the 2013 Philippines National Nutrition Survey this study examined the prevalence of different typologies of household-level DBM from an analytical sample of 5,837 households and 25,417 individuals. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with overall occurrence of intrahousehold DBM.

Results
The overall prevalence of double burden households was 56% based on a comprehensive definition. The most common typology of intrahousehold DBM characterized in this study (% of all households) comprised households with at least one adult with overnutrition and at least one separate adult with undernutrition. Household size, wealth quintile, food insecurity, and household dietary diversity were all associated with household-level DBM. Double burden households were also influenced by head of household characteristics, including sex, level of education, employment status, and age.

Conclusions
The findings from this study reveal that the coexistence of overnutrition and undernutrition at the household level is a major public health concern in the Philippines. Further comprehensive assessments of household-level manifestations of the DBM are needed to improve our understanding of the trends and drivers of this phenomenon in order to develop better targeted interventions.
Availability and use of personal protective equipment in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Drouard Salomé Henriette Paulette , Ahmed Tashrik , Amor Fernandez Pablo , Baral Prativa , Peters Michael , Hansen Peter , Hashemi Tawab , Sieleunou Isidore , Iyabode Ogunlayi Munirat , Karibwami Alain-Desire , Ruel Bergeron Julie , Montufar Velarde Edwin Eduardo , Yansane Mohamed Lamine , Wesseh Chea Sanford , Mwansambo Charles , Nzelu Charles , Uddin Helal , Tassembedo Mahamadi , Shapira Gil 
Published: July 2023

Background
Availability and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is of particular importance in Low and Middle-Income countries (LMICs) where disease outbreaks other than COVID-19 are frequent and health workers are scarce. This study assesses the availability of necessary PPE items during the COVID-19 pandemic at health facilities in seven LMICs.

Methods
Data were collected using a rapid-cycle survey among 1554 health facilities in seven LMICs via phone-based surveys between August 2020 and December 2021. We gathered data on the availability of World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended PPE items and the use of items when examining patients suspected to be infected with COVID-19. We further investigated the implementation of service adaptation measures in a severe shortage of PPE.

Results
There were major deficiencies in PPE availability at health facilities. Almost 3 out of 10 health facilities reported a stock-out of medical masks on the survey day. Forty-six percent of facilities did not have respirator masks, and 16% did not have any gloves. We show that only 43% of health facilities had sufficient PPE to comply with WHO guidelines. Even when all items were available, healthcare workers treating COVID-19 suspected patients were reported to wear all the recommended equipment in only 61% of health facilities. We did not find a statistically significant difference in implementing service adaptation measures between facilities experiencing a severe shortage or not.

Conclusion
After more than a year into the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall availability of PPE remained low in our sample of low and middle-income countries. Although essential, the availability of PPE did not guarantee the proper use of the equipment. The lack of PPE availability and improper use of available PPE enable preventable COVID-19 transmission in health facilities, leading to greater morbidity and mortality and risking the continuity of service delivery by healthcare workers.
COVID-19 lockdown affects zooplankton community structure in dolphin appearing site of the River Ganga at Patna
Authors: Rajan Kumar , Khudsar Faiyaz A. , Kumar Ram 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe advent of the 2019 Corona virus impacted day-to day human activities and the nationwide lockdown in India completely paralyzed life (midnight of 24th March, to 31st June, 2020). However, this complete halt of human activity allowed the Ganga ecosystem to realise its maximum self-purification potential, resulting in the improvement of flow regime, water quality and over all restoration of the river. The most common manifestation of restoration of an aquatic ecosystem is zooplankton community structure; i.e. relative proportion of various functional feeding groups. The present study compares selected water quality parameters (DO, BOD, pH, Total coliform, Fecal coliform), and zooplankton community structure estimated during the lockdown period with the values recorded for the same period in previous three years at dolphin appearing site near Kalighat, (25° 37’ 19.398’’ N; 85° 9’ 55.8972’’ E), middle of the Patna city and Mittal Ghat (downstream site of the Patna City) at Gurhatta (25° 36’ 24.5772’’ N; 85° 13’ 1.6788’’ E). During each sampling, the dolphin emergence site and frequency were monitored for three hours duration. Monthly zooplankton samples were collected at both the sites using a 53 µm mesh size plankton net beginning January 2018 by filtering 45-50 l of river water. Zooplankton were identified and segregated based on functional feeding groups. The values of dissolved oxygen were significantly higher, whereas that of BOD level, total coliform and total fecal coliform were lower during the lockdown period than those in previous years. Detailed analyses revealed that relative proportions of Cladocera were significantly higher, whereas that of bacterivorous Rotifera were significantly lower than the previous values of the same months. The highly indicator species at both the sampling sites was Moina micrura during March-May 2020; in previous years it was Brachionus rotifers 8.8 (ind l-1) at Kalighat and Moina micrura (15 ind l-1) at Gurhatta. Our results suggest that during the lockdown the dolphin appearing sites at both stations shifted towards the riverbank whereas, zooplankton community structure changed towards algaevorous Cladocera without affecting overall species richness.
Towards a successful River Dolphin conservation plan in India: A scientometric mapping of past research and current needs
Authors: Nayak B. B. , Iburahim S. Abuthagir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Ganges Dolphin needs uninterrupted water sources in order to both communicate and to locate its food. Ever-increasing activities in the rivers, especially from motorized vessels, are likely to add noise to the soundscape used by this animal and may affect its ability to locate its prey or to sense its environment. Although efforts have been made to improve the quality and flow of the water passing through the Ganga River system, a coordinated effort among policymakers, local implementing authorities, researchers, and funding agencies is needed to achieve the desired goal of restoring the habitat of dolphins, stopping their accidental deaths, increasing their number by captive breeding, and reinstating the biodiversity of aquatic organisms that are passively or actively linked to them. While passive restoration plans such as improving water quality, increasing water volume, and habitat reclamation may work well, the developmental needs along the river exert constant pressure on these plans. These plans may not be effective without the strict enforcement of guidelines, an understanding of the requirements of the plans by all the stakeholders, and the awareness of the population living along the rivers. Therefore, conservation efforts, along with ongoing passive restoration processes aimed at improving the dolphin's living ecosystem by providing enough quality water cover and prey, should focus on increasing the population of these animals by propagating them in captivity through biological or biotechnological means, the success of which needs strong scientific research backing. A scientometric analysis of 20 years (2001–2020) on this animal shows that scientific studies are confined to the ecology of the animals and very little is known either of their biology or their genetics. During the study period, India occupied fourth spot in number of publications on river dolphins, with the Indian Institute of Technology as leading institute. Advance biology techniques may allow us to breed the animal in captivity and even clone the animal. However, the research towards this requires creating the necessary basic infrastructure, funding, and policy support, and developing human resources for research and management.