bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distribution and presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the roots and rhizosphere soils of Cucurbitaceae plants grown at Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Dao D T U , Nguyen T K T , Tran N T , Le P H , Truong H T P 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The study aims to determine the presence of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) in roots and rhizosphere soils of Cucurbitaceae plants (Luffa cylindrica, Lagenaria siceraria, Benincasa hispida, Cucumis sativus, Momordica charantia) grown at Hoc Mon, Cu Chi, Binh Chanh district, Ho Chi Minh City. Identification of the AMF was made by observation of spore morphology, AMF structures in root tissues and confirmed by sequencing of SSU rDNA. The colonization ratio was 5.1%, and the spore density of AMF in the rhizosphere soil was an average of 63.6 spores/50 g soils and the root symbiotic ratio was 5.1%. The morphological identification of AMF has determined spores of five genera: Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Sclerocystis, demonstrating a morphological variety of AMF spores in rhizosphere soil of Cucurbitaceae plants. Three species were identified based on the sequence analysis of the SSU rDNA gene amplified by the AML1/AML2 primer: Acaulospora cavernata, Acaulospora spinosa, and Rhizophagus intraradices. Cucumis sativus had the highest spore density and root ratio, followed by Lagenaria siceraria and Momordica charantia in the greenhouse trial of AMF re-infection in three plants: Cucumis sativus, Lagenaria siceraria, and Momordica charantia. The AMF identification result revealed five genera: Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, and Sclerocystis in the rhizosphere soil, as well as symbiosis in the roots of 3 genera: Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora.
Effects of drying methods and drying temperature on product quality of Phyllanthus Amarus (P. Amarus)
Authors: Phong N T , Duc L A , Khuyen N D 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Phyllanthus Amarus (P. Amarus) is a precious medicine that has been widely used in traditional oriental medicine as a cure to treat liver diseases, diabetes, and kidney stones. This study evaluated the effects of different drying methods under different temperatures on product quality as antioxidant capacity (IC50) and color change of Phyllanthus Amarus. The P. Amarus was dehydrated by outdoor sun drying and three indoor drying methods: hot air drying, heat pump drying, and vacuum drying at temperatures of 35, 40, 45, and 50°C until reaching the moisture content of 11 ± 0.5%. The results showed that the drying methods and temperature remarkably affected the drying time, color change, and antioxidant capacity of P. Amarus. Among the four drying methods used, vacuum drying at 40°C resulted in better product quality by retaining natural color and the antioxidant capacity (IC50) with the shortest drying time (3.5 hours).
Application of Starch-based Edible Coating on Tomato and Its Effect during Storage
Authors: Wibowo C , Wicaksono R , Haryanti P , Irawan DM , Sulistyo SB , Fatoni A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The appropriate postharvest treatment is required for the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) because it is a perishable commodity. Common procedures for maintaining quality and extending its shelf life is applying storage at low temperatures. Another alternatif is an application of coating on the tomatoes. Starch-based coating is widely used due to its positive effects on the agricultural commodities. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of various coating materials and sprayer nozzle size on the physical and chemical characteristics of tomatoes during storage. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design method with 2 factors, namely variations in the type of main coating material (P): canna starch (P1), potato starch (P2), sweet potato starch (P3) and variations in sprayer nozzle size. (N): 0.6 mm (N1); 1.0 mm (N2); 1.5 mm (N3). Each treatment was performed three times. The findings of the research show that the type of main coating material and variations in the diameter of the sprayer nozzle can maintain the brightness level and total soluble solids value of tomatoes on day 6 observation. The selected treatments are tomato fruit samples coated with sweet potato starch, and the sprayer nozzle diameter is 1.0 mm.
Spray drying conditions of lime juice prepared by freeze-concentration
Authors: Huynh T D , Kha C T , Nguyen V A , Nguyen T D , Ha T M L , Ngo H H 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Lime (Citrus latifolia) juice concentrate is rich in vitamin C and phenolic compounds exerting a range of health benefits. Spray drying converts fruit juice into powder and offers convenience for industrial applications. The appropriate spray drying conditions for lime juice prepared by freeze concentration are rarely reported. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of inlet temperature (130-170°C) and feed flow rate (20-40 mL/min) on drying yield, total ascorbic and phenolic contents (TPC) of the dried lime powder from spray drying of freeze-concentrate lime juice (containing 22% solid). The inlet drying temperature influenced the yield, total ascorbic acid and phenolic contents of the lime powders. The drying using an inlet temperature of 130°C resulted in the dried lime powder with ascorbic acid and phenolic contents of 113.1 mg/100 g and 1268 mgGAE/100 g, respectively and an acceptable yield (90.1%). The most appropriate feed flow rate was 30 mL/min which resulted in lime powder with high yield, total ascorbic acid and phenolic content. In conclusion, the high-quality spray-dried powder can be processed at the 130°C inlet temperature and 30 mL/min of feed flow rate. At these conditions, the obtained powder had a 45% lime solid and suitable moisture content (4.5%) and water activity (< 0.25) that would be stable for storage.
Consumers’ willingness to pay for pork safety in the Southeast region of Vietnam
Authors: Mai D Q , Pham T P , Dang T H , Chau T L , Nguyen H T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Food safety is a topic that receives consumers’ attention because it affects directly to their health. Increased demand for safe food leads to consumers’ willingness to pay a high price. This study investigates the awareness and willingness to pay of consumers for safe pork with four safety attributes including certification label, traceability, brand, and price. A choice experiment was carried out among 395 consumers from Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Duong, and Dong Nai provinces in the Southeast region of Vietnam. A random parameter logit model was estimated to reveal consumers’ willingness to pay for safe pork. Results from the survey revealed that unsafe pork is the main concern of consumers because pork is a common meat in their daily meals. The findings indicated that consumers are willing to pay an extra 32.6% for traceability, 31.1% for safety certification label, and 24.9% for pork brand label. This implies that improving the traceability system, safety certification label, and the promotion of safe pork brands and publicity on pork safety attributes will significantly increase consumers’ trust and demand for safe pork.
Price transmission in shrimp production in Vietnam
Authors: Truong H N , Le T C , Pham T T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Under the trade international integration, vertical price transmission in agri-food export supply chains is an essential issue that needs attention. This study analyses the price transmission from export prices to farm-gate prices of the black-tiger shrimp and white-leg shrimp production in Vietnam. Monthly price series of black-tiger shrimp and white-leg shrimp were collected from January 2015 to October 2020, from the Department of Aquaculture of Ca Mau, Soc Trang, Kien Giang, Ben Tre provinces; Vietnam Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers, and Vietnam market analysis and forecast joint stock company. The Johansen cointegration test, the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test, the Engle-Granger’s two-stage estimation, and the asymmetric error correction model using the Houck and Ward approach were applied. The results showed a long-term relationship between the farm-gate prices and export prices for both black-tiger shrimp and white-leg shrimp. The export prices were the price leader. In the long run, the price transmission from export prices to farm-gate prices in both black-tiger shrimp and white-leg shrimp was incomplete; however, the white-leg shrimp’s price transmission was noticeably better than black-tiger shrimp’s. In the short run, there was no statistically significant effect of export prices on farm-gate prices of black-tiger shrimp; while the price transmission of white-leg shrimp was significant but relatively slow rate. The price transmission for black-tiger shrimp and white-leg shrimp was symmetric in the short run and the long run. The findings of this study are useful for farmers in developing production and business strategy. Symmetric price transmission in both the short run and the long run is a positive signal for farmers to invest in sustainable production approaches and to meet stringent standard requirements of the export market.
Research on optimizing the drying process of Pyinkado (Xylia Xylocarpa) by vacuum infrared radiation drying method
Authors: Bui T T K , Le A D , Hoang T T H 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, wood samples (Xylia Xylocarpa) with dimensions of 50 x 50 x 500 mm were dried under an absolute pressure of 0.12 - 0.217 bar at a temperature of 45 - 59°C and infrared radiation intensity of 459 - 741 W/m2 to assess their drying characteristics. The experiment planning method was used to build the equation that correlated the relationship between technological parameters of radiation intensity and drying temperature on different physicochemical properties of wood dried by the infrared vacuum drying method. The results showed that the increase of both of these conditions promoted the drying process and affected the wood quality. The more defects, the higher the radiation intensity and the higher the drying temperature was from 600 - 741 W/m2, 50 to 60°C, respectively. Therefore, to minimize wood defects and reduce drying time it was necessary to adjust the drying temperature and infrared radiation intensity. The results gave the optimal drying regime ofXylia Xylocarpawith Timin = 64.29 h and Demin = 11.6% at a drying temperature of 58.70C, infrared radiation intensity of 625.2 W/m2 and moisture content of dried wood after at 10± 1% (wb.). That contributes to finding suitable drying technology parameters, providing detailed information for businesses and researchers on the development of infrared vacuum drying technology for wood materials.
Differential diagnosis of DNA viruses related to reproductive disorder on sows by multiplex-PCR technique
Authors: Nguyen T N , Le H T T , Vu H L X , Dinh P X 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The newly emerged diseases caused by ASFV and PCV3 and their confirmed prevelance in Vietnam whereas most of available common commercial methods such as ELISA or realtime PCR designed for detecting single pathogen per reaction, highlighted a necessity for another diagnostic method to simultaneously detect and differentiate DNA viruses that are related to reproductive failures in sow herds including PCV2, PCV3, PPV, ASFV. In this communication, a diagnostic multiplex-PCR (mPCR) was established with pathogen-specific primers selected from previous studies and another set of primers designed for COX1 gene serving as an internal amplification control (IAC). The predicted products of PCV2, PCV3, PPV, ASFV and IAC were 702 bp, 223 bp, 380 bp, 278 bp and 463 bp, respectively. After optimization, the mPCR functioned specifically at 62°C. Results revealed the consistent detection limit at 100 copies/gene/reaction. In application, 185 serum samples from sows were used to examine the presence of the related pathogens. mPCR results showed that the mono-infection rate of PCV2, PCV3, PPV, and ASFV was 0% (0/185), 40% (74/185), 28.1% (52/185), and 48.1% (89/185), respectively. Regarding coinfection rate, the data indicated that coinfections of 2, 3 and 4 pathogens were 20%, 8.1% and 0% accordingly. In conclusion, the mPCR assay was successfully established and ready to serve for diagnosis of PCV2, PCV3, PPV and ASFV infection in reality with high specificity and sensitivity. It is a good contribution to a better understanding of the epidemiology of these diseases in swine.
The event of the Council: what happened and when?
Authors: Blanchard Shaun , Bullivant Stephen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses why Pope John XXIII called the Council, and various factors in both ‘Church’ and ‘world’ to which it was responding. The diversity of backgrounds that made up the Council is considered, as are the bewildering logistics of convening such a massive meeting of deliberating parties. It then gives a ‘what happened when’ overview of the Council’s four sessions and their key turning points (e.g. the death of John XXIII and election of Paul VI, ‘Black Week’), drawing heavily on the testimonies of the participants themselves. A conciliar ‘Minority’ and ‘Majority’ are profiled, which helps explain the differences in theological, political, and ideological outlooks among the voting members of the council. John O’Malley’s correct insistence on the novelty of the conciliar ‘style’, as well as John XXIII’s well-known desire for a pastoral council, are explained.
Ecclesiology: the nature of the Church
Authors: Blanchard Shaun , Bullivant Stephen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
If the documents on the liturgy and revelation served as cornerstones of conciliar teaching, it was in Lumen Gentium, the Constitution on the Church, that the most fascinating and wide-reaching doctrinal teaching of the Council occurred. This chapter shows how Lumen Gentium brought together Sacrosanctum Concilium’s concern for ecclesiological renewal with Dei Verbum’s Christocentrism and ressourcement methodology. In addition, the shorter documents Christus Dominus (on the bishops), and Unitatis redintegratio (on ecumenism), contributed to the ecclesiological vision of Vatican II. It was the debates over Lumen Gentium, however, that constituted some of the most dramatic episodes of the Council. Probably the most important ecclesiological teaching at Vatican II was the doctrine of episcopal collegiality. Lumen Gentium sketched a doctrine of collegiality but without concrete juridical instantiation. A renewed theology of the laity was also central to Vatican II ecclesiology. Lumen Gentium is the theological centrepiece of Vatican II, with profound implications for the Church’s self-understanding. It is also the key to unlocking many of the Council’s other documents, which elaborate and expand upon the Constitution in specific ways. This chapter explains its hallmark teachings, including on ‘the people of God’, the laity, authority, collegiality, and Mary.
A computational approach for the identification of distant homologs of bacterial riboswitches based on inverse RNA folding
Authors: Mukherjee Sumit , Retwitzer Matan Drory , Hubbell Sara M , Meyer Michelle M , Barash Danny 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Riboswitches are conserved structural ribonucleic acid (RNA) sensors that are mainly found to regulate a large number of genes/operons in bacteria. Presently, &gt;50 bacterial riboswitch classes have been discovered, but only the thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch class is detected in a few eukaryotes like fungi, plants and algae. One of the most important challenges in riboswitch research is to discover existing riboswitch classes in eukaryotes and to understand the evolution of bacterial riboswitches. However, traditional search methods for riboswitch detection have failed to detect eukaryotic riboswitches besides just one class and any distant structural homologs of riboswitches. We developed a novel approach based on inverse RNA folding that attempts to find sequences that match the shape of the target structure with minimal sequence conservation based on key nucleotides that interact directly with the ligand. Then, to support our matched candidates, we expanded the results into a covariance model representing similar sequences preserving the structure. Our method transforms a structure-based search into a sequence-based search that considers the conservation of secondary structure shape and ligand-binding residues. This method enables us to identify a potential structural candidate in fungi that could be the distant homolog of bacterial purine riboswitches. Further, phylogenomic analysis and evolutionary distribution of this structural candidate indicate that the most likely point of origin of this structural candidate in these organisms is associated with the loss of traditional purine riboswitches. The computational approach could be applicable to other domains and problems in RNA research.
Quantification of Luteolin, Apigenin and Chrysoeriol in Tecoma stans by RP-HPLC Method
Authors: Gupta Amit , Behl Tapan , Singh Sukhbir , Garg Madhukar , Tamboli Ennus Tajuddin , Chigurupati Sridevi , Felemban Shatha Ghazi , Albarrati Ali , Albratty Mohammed , Meraya Abdulkarim M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Tecoma stans (Fam. Bignoniaceae) is also popularly known as yellow bells and yellow trumpet bush in vernacular terminology. Limited and variable data are available from the literature regarding the quantification of luteolin, apigenin and chrysoeriol, which are considered as the most active pharmacological active constituents. High-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection has been developed for the determination of the bioactive flavonoids, luteolin, apigenin and chrysoeriol, from the methanolic extract of the leaves of T. stans. A column packed with a pentafluorophenyl-based stationary phase was used for the separation of the analytes under gradient elution. The detection wavelength was 345 nm. The validation of the method as per the International Council on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines (ICH 2005) for linearity, accuracy and precision was investigated and found within limits specified by the ICH guidelines. The method was linear over with a good regression coefficient of more than 0.99. The limit of detection of the method was 0.68, 2.97 and 1.76 μg/mL for luteolin, apigenin and chrysoeriol, respectively. In conclusion, a reliable and reproducible method was devised that can be used for the estimation of the said components from T. stans.
Plasma Concentrations of Calcium and Risk of Alzheimer Disease—Observational and Genetic Studies
Authors: Thomassen Jesper Qvist , Nordestgaard Børge G , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Dysregulation of calcium ion homeostasis in neurons is well documented in Alzheimer disease (AD), and high plasma calcium concentrations have been associated with cognitive decline in the elderly; however, a potential causal nature for this association has not been elucidated.

Methods
Plasma calcium ion concentrations of 97 968 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) were included and multifactorial Cox regressions using splines or quartiles was performed to investigate the observational association. A plasma calcium ion genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in 2 independent subgroups of the CGPS. The plasma calcium ion GWAS and publicly available genomic data sets for plasma total calcium and AD were used to perform the currently most powerful 2-sample Mendelian randomization studies.

Results
The hazard ratio for lowest vs highest quartile of the calcium ion concentration was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.08–1.43) for AD. The plasma calcium ion GWAS identified 3 independent loci. None of the genetic instruments for plasma concentrations of calcium ions or total calcium were associated with AD risk.

Conclusions
High plasma concentrations of calcium ions were observationally associated with increased risk of AD but genetic associations were not found, suggesting that the observational findings may be due to reverse causation or residual confounding.
Anorectal Function and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Faecal Incontinence in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: de Codes Lina Maria Góes , de Jesus Ana Carolina Costa , de Codes João Jorge Góes , Ferreira Reginaldo Freitas , da Silva Beda Sacramento Carolina , da Cruz Isabela Dias Marques , de Castro Ribeiro Fidelis Flávia , de Carvalho Alexandre Lopes , Motta Marina Pamponet , de Oliveira Alves Cândida , Netto Eduardo Martins , Santana Genoile Oliveira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Faecal incontinence is an important complaint reported by patients with Crohn’s disease [CD] and it is associated with several disease-related mechanisms, including anorectal functional disorders. This study aimed to assess the anorectal function and clinical characteristics to identify parameters associated with faecal incontinence in CD patients.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of 104 patients with CD, aged 18 years or older, from a referral centre between August 2019 and May 2021. Patients responded to a specific questionnaire, and underwent medical record review, proctological examination and anorectal functional assessment with anorectal manometry.

Results
Of the 104 patients, 49% were incontinent. Patients with incontinence had a lower mean resting pressure [43.5 vs 53.1 mmHg; p = 0.038], lower mean squeeze pressure [62.1 vs 94.1 mmHg; p = 0.036] and lower maximum rectal capacity [140 vs 180 mL; p &lt; 0.001]. Faecal incontinence was also associated with disease activity [p &lt; 0.001], loose stools [p = 0.02], perianal disease [p = 0.006], previous anoperineal surgery [p = 0.048] and number of anorectal surgeries [p = 0.036].

Conclusions
This is the largest reported study describing manometric findings of Crohn’s disease patients with and without faecal incontinence. Our results identified an association between faecal incontinence and functional disorders, in addition to clinical features in these patients. Functional assessment with anorectal manometry may help choose the best treatment for faecal incontinence in patients with CD.
Optimal Contact Tracing and Social Distancing Policies to Suppress A New Infectious Disease
Authors: Pollinger Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper studies the suppression of an infectious disease in the canonical susceptible-infectious-recovered model. It derives three results. First, if technically feasible, the optimal response to a sufficiently small outbreak is halting transmissions instead of building up immunity through infections. Second, the crucial trade-off is not between health and economic costs, but between the intensity and duration of control measures. A simple formula of observables characterises the optimum. Third, the total cost depends critically on the efficiency of contact tracing, since it allows relaxing costly social distancing without increasing transmissions. A calibration to the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the theoretical findings.