bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise multi-satellite orbit and geodetic parameter determination using satellite laser ranging observations from LAGEOS, Etalon and newly launched LARES-2
Authors: Shao Kai , An Zicong , Yang Yan , Yi Bin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Determining precise multi-satellite orbits and geodetic parameters using satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations of spherical laser geodetic satellites is essential for high-accuracy geodetic scientific applications. Weekly multi-satellite combined solutions for satellite orbits, station coordinates and earth rotation parameters (ERPs) using SLR observations from LAGEOS, Etalon and newly launched LARES-2 satellites are achieved using a self-developed software function based on a new processing strategy. We present an in-depth accuracy analysis of the satellite orbits and geodetic parameters determined from the combined solution of LAGEOS-Etalon and LAGEOS-Etalon-LARES-2, in which the impact of two years of LARES-2 SLR observations is mainly studied. The root mean square (RMS) value of post-fit residuals is 0.81 cm for LARES-2, which is comparable to or slightly smaller than that of the LAGEOS and Etalon satellites. The statistics of the differences in overlapping orbit and external orbit comparison are performed for orbit accuracy assessment. For LAGEOS and Etalon, the results of overlapping orbit and external orbit comparison present similar conclusions. The mean of the RMS values of orbit difference for LAGEOS is about 3 cm in the three-dimensional (3D) direction, and less than 1 cm in the radial (R) direction. The mean RMS value of orbit difference for Etalon is about 15 cm in the 3D direction, and less than 3 cm in the R direction. The inclusion of LARES-2 SLR observations can slightly improve the orbit accuracy of Etalon. For LARES-2, the mean RMS values of overlapping orbit difference are 1.79 cm and 0.29 cm in the 3D and R directions, respectively, which are smaller than those for LAGEOS. Moreover, the stability and accuracy of the estimated station coordinates and ERPs are improved after adding LARES-2 SLR observations to multi-satellite combined solutions.
Unbounded solutions for the Muskat problem
Authors: Sánchez Omar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We prove the local existence of solutions of the form

x
2

+
c
t
+
g
,

with

g
∈

H
s

(

R

)

and

s
⩾
3
,

for the Muskat problem in the stable regime. We use energy methods to obtain a bound of g in Sobolev spaces. In the proof we deal with the loss of the Rayleigh–Taylor condition at infinity and a new structure of the kernels in the equation. Remarkably, these solutions grow quadratically at infinity.
Exploring solar cell applications of halide perovskites through a DFT analysis
Authors: El Moutaouakil Ayoub , Saaoud Mohamed , Drissi Lalla Btissam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study probes the potential of lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as a promising alternative to their lead-based counterparts. It focuses on harnessing halogenated perovskites (HP) Cs
3
XI
6, where X represents In, Tl, Al, Ga and B, by employing both GGA approximation and the inclusion of mBJ correction within the framework of DFT. The analysis of substituents effects on energy band structure reveals that the compounds closely approach the esteemed Shockley–Queisser limit, indicating their potential for efficient photovoltaic conversion. Remarkably, the optical absorption coefficients of the HP materials under scrutiny approximate 103 cm−1. Among the HP compounds studied, Cs
3
InI
6, Cs
3
TlI
6, and Cs
3
GaI
6 emerge as particularly promising candidates for solar cell technology and various photovoltaic applications. These findings not only underscore the viability of lead-free perovskite solar cells but also offer valuable insights into the design and optimization of materials for sustainable energy solutions.
64 nm continuously tunable graphene-mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser by tunable bandpass filter
Authors: Muhammad Farah Diana , Azis Raba’ah Syahidah , Ahmad Fauzan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper demonstrates and characterizes a tunable wavelength ultrafast erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL), enabled by a tunable bandpass filter (TBF) and mode-locked with a graphene thin film as the saturable absorber. The laser’s wavelength can be continuously tuned from 1507.5 nm to 1571.3 nm, covering a broad range of 63.8 nm. Fourteen distinct wavelengths, spaced at 5 nm intervals, are recorded. The variation in bandwidth and pulse width across these wavelengths reveals values ranging from 0.5 nm to 0.8 nm and from 3.9 ps to 6.6 ps, respectively, all at a fixed repetition rate of 12.9 MHz. Analysis of the time-bandwidth product shows the lowest value of 0.34 at 1567.5 nm and the highest value of 0.46 at 1507.5 nm. These findings enhance the understanding of wavelength-tunable graphene-based mode-locked EDFL operation, specifically through the spectral filtering effect achieved with a TBF.
Fixing the AdS3 metric from pure state entanglement entropies of CFT2
*
Authors: Wang 王 Peng 鹏 , Wu 伍 Houwen 厚文 , Yang 杨 Haitang 海棠 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, based on the Ryu-Takayanagi formula, by identifying the pure state UV and IR entanglement entropies of a perturbed CFT2 with geodesic lengths in the bulk, we demonstrate that the dual geometry is uniquely determined to be asymptotically AdS3. The pure AdS3 geometry is recovered by taking the massless limit of the system. Our derivations hold in both static and covariant scenarios.
Characteristics of polaritonic interactions at chiral loaded temperature-sensitive material (TSM) interfaces
Authors: Ali Ahtisham , Yaqoob Muhammad Zeshan , Alkanhal Majeed A S , Ghaffar Abdul , Khan Yasin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Polaritonic interactions are pivotal in advancing sensing technologies, optical devices, and waveguides. This study presents a theoretical investigation into polaritonic interactions at the interface of chiral-loaded temperature-sensitive materials (TSMs). Indium antimonide (InSb), known for its temperature-dependent phase-transition optical properties, is utilized as the TSM. The electromagnetic (EM) behavior of InSb is described using the extended Drude model, while the isotropic chiral medium is characterized through coupled constitutive relations. By applying tangential boundary conditions for EM field continuity at the chiral–InSb interface, the dispersion relation governing hybrid polaritons is derived. Numerical computations performed in Wolfram Mathematica, utilizing the contour plot technique, reveal the dispersion characteristics, effective mode index, and field distributions under varying temperatures. The findings demonstrate the existence of two distinct polaritonic regimes: (i) hybrid polariton–phonon coupling at temperatures below 200 K, and (ii) hybrid polariton–plasmon coupling at temperatures exceeding 260 K. Additionally, the effects of chirality and temperature on the dispersion curves, effective mode indices, and field profiles are systematically analyzed. Results reveal that polaritonic surface modes can be dynamically tuned by manipulating external temperature and material chirality. These insights hold significant promise for the development of temperature-responsive terahertz-infrared (THz-IR) sensors, enantiomeric detectors, thermo-optical surface waveguides, and near-field imaging systems.
Towards enhanced precision in thermometry with nonlinear qubits
Authors: Deffner Sebastian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quantum thermometry refers to the study of measuring ultra-low temperatures in quantum systems. The precision of such a quantum thermometer is limited by the degree to which temperature can be estimated by quantum measurements. More precisely, the maximal precision is given by the inverse of the quantum Fisher information. In the present analysis, we show that quantum thermometers that are described by nonlinear Schrödinger equations allow for a significantly enhanced precision, that means larger quantum Fisher information. This is demonstrated for a variety of pedagogical scenarios consisting of single and two-qubits systems. The enhancement in precision is indicated by non-vanishing quantum speed limits, which originate in the fact that the thermal, Gibbs state is typically not invariant under the nonlinear equations of motion.
The Spanish American Concordats (1821–1875)
Authors: Mijangos y González Pablo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In his chapter on the Spanish American Concordats, Pablo Mijangos argues that these little-studied diplomatic agreements between the government and the Holy See played an important role in the early republicanera. The agreements focused on handling ecclesiastical affairs in the new nation-states. However, they are also crucial because they presage the relationship of international law and nation-state governments that would evolve in the twentieth century, and hold important lessons about soft power and international agreements. Mijangos builds his arguments from primary documents and other archival material, engaging with historical and legal debates.
Law and Development in/from Latin America
Authors: Mota Prado Mariana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter explores three case studies that illustrate moments in which scholars and policy makers in Latin America have offered contributions to the international development discourse. While focusing on contributions that proposed or led to legal reforms, and therefore could be labelled as “law and development”, the chapter maps into different moments of the international development discourse. Especifically, the case studies cover : dependency theory, Hernando Soto’s writing on property rights and bureaucratic reforms, and conditional cash transfers to explore Latin American contributions to three different phases of the intellectual history of international development. Each case reveals a distinct way in which “local” ideas interact with “international” paradigms, uncovering the tensions between competing claims of universalism and contextualization that has characterized “law and development” scholarship since its inception..
Critical Approaches to International Law in Latin America
Authors: Galindo George Rodrigo Bandeira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Latin America was one of the earliest regions of the world to achieve independence from European colonization, but it was a latecomer to TWAIL (Third World approaches to international law). This is in part because of Latin American scholars’ commitment to positivism and concomitant skepticism about interdisciplinarity. George Galindo explores the region’s recent engagement, tracing how a growing group of scholars have raised friendly challenges to TWAIL, such as pushing TWAIL to engage further with the Indigenous peoples of the Americas and legal pluralism. The chapter closes with a review of theorists who view the project of Latin American international law as an exclusionary criollo construct.
Feminisms and International Law in Latin America
Authors: Micaela Alterio Ana 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the judgment of Vicky Hernadez v. Honduras, issued by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2021, to explore disputes between Latin American feminisms. The judgment pushes against the limits of binary approaches in human rights law, using an evolutionary interpretative approach to extend human rights protection to transgender people. The author applauds the decision as having the potential to shatter “the stability” of essentialist legal systems. However, she notes with concern that the dissents are based on a more exclusionary view of feminism, thus reflecting disputes within the feminist movement that continue to play out in the region and that seek to influence the interpretation of international human rights law.
.
The Dynamic Relationship between Latin American Legal Professionals and International Law
Authors: Gómez Manuel A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the enduring and complex connection between Latin American legal professionals and international law in the early decades of the twenty-first century. It delves into two key developments: the emergence of an international dispute resolution community and the expansion of clinical legal education into modern international law-related domains. These examples shed light on the way that the legal professions in the region have responded to and have evolved as a result of the growing significance of legal issues that extend beyond national boundaries and how porous the invisible line is that purports to divide international and domestic legal practice.
Latin America as a Laboratory of Transitional Justice
Authors: Chehtman Alejandro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed mapping of legal and institutional innovations in the field of transitional justice in Latin America. It explores the forces and actors that led to establishing the first truth commission and the seminal Junta’s trials in Argentina. The chapter further dissects the key innovations in truth, justice, and peace that allow Latin American interventions against mass atrocity to be construed as a laboratory of experimentation and innovation. Ultimately, the chapter advances three claims. First, it describes the key dynamics between victims’ organizations, legal scholars, and judicial officers that underpin these experiments. Second, it reflects the regional scope of the dialogue and cross-fertilization between initiatives. Third, it articulates how relevant actors reinterpreted and used human rights discourse to pursue their grievances, transforming it into a mainstream, arguably dominant framework to address not only state repression but all forms of injustice.
Introduction
Authors: Giubilini Alberto , Schuklenk Udo , Minerva Francesca , Savulescu Julian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the problem of conscientious objection in health care. Through examples, it illustrates why it is a problem when it is raised in the context of professional activities characterized by a monopoly on provision of certain services. Health care is one of those. The chapter outlines how conscientious objection can impact health care delivery and provides an overview of the main arguments for and against it that will be discussed in the rest of the book, also with reference to jurisdictions that do not include a right to conscientious objection. Importantly, it is explained why arguments against conscientious objection do not need to presuppose any substantive moral view about the procedures to which health care professionals commonly object, such as abortion.
US-China Bipolarity and Conflictual Coexistence
Authors: Tunsjø Øystein 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As the rivalry between the United States and China increases, decision-makers, scholars, and the media are debating whether a new cold war is emerging or whether it can be avoided. This chapter contends that the world has entered a new superpower rivalry that is distinct from the Cold War. If the contemporary bipolar system does not share the Cold War characteristics of the previous bipolar system, what, then, are the characteristics of this new bipolar system? It is argued that the United States and China are in a new era of conflictual coexistence where patterns of behavior differ from the Cold War and secondary states have more flexibility.
The Limits of China’s Economic Rise
Authors: Dollar David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
China’s increasing influence in the world owes a lot to its remarkable economic performance. This chapter focuses on four factors that will influence how well China realizes its considerable catch-up potential vis-à-vis the United States. First is the demographic challenge. Low fertility, aided by the one-child policy, means that the country’s labor force has peaked and will now decline. Second, China is fortunate to have a high savings and investment rate that funds its development. Third, China faces a severe water crisis. The fourth issue is energy efficiency and carbon emissions. Unless China does an exceptional job handling these challenges, its growth rate is likely to slow. Nevertheless, China’s considerable catch-up potential means that its economy will still probably end up modestly larger than the United States in a few decades—but not overwhelmingly so.
The “Venture Capital State”
Authors: Kroeber Arthur R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
China’s economic rise, state-led technological progress, and authoritarian political system have spurred fears that it could destabilize the global order. Systemic differences between China and the United States and its allies are permanent, but China’s economic outperformance is not. China’s development strategy under Xi Jinping relies heavily on investment in technology-intensive manufacturing while doing little to improve overall efficiency. On current policies, average annual gross domestic product growth should fall to around 3%, and China will probably fail to overtake the United States as the world’s largest economy. But it will keep making rapid progress in key technologies, and this progress will be seen as a threat by the United States and its allies. Because most countries have a strong interest in deep economic ties with both powers, the United States and China will not form exclusive blocs as in the Cold War but will compete in overlapping networks of influence.
Will US-PRC Military Competition Go Global?
Authors: Christensen Thomas J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The US–People’s Republic of China (PRC) strategic competition differs from the early phases of the US-Soviet Cold War. There is now a high degree of economic interdependence not only between the two leading powers but also between US allies and China. The United States and China have not been as active in exporting their respective ideologies as were the superpowers in the early Cold War. For these reasons, the world seems less likely to break into clearly delineated and opposing alliance blocs than it did in the 1950s. The Russian invasion of Ukraine and China’s generally supportive reaction to it, however, have weakened some of the economic and political factors that have made the contemporary international system distinct from that of the early Cold War. This chapter explores the factors that could lead to a more global and more conflict-prone competition between a rising China and the United States.
The Russian Invasion of Ukraine and the Sino-Russian Partnership
Authors: Wishnick Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the benefits Chinese officials believe their country derives from the Sino-Russian partnership as well as its limitations in the broader context of a globalized world from which China greatly benefits economically. This is not the Cold War alliance of the 1950s—today China seeks Russian partnership to adjust the rules of the global order to accommodate the preferences and needs of authoritarian regimes as well as to buttress Chinese global economic and security positions. Although censorship has prohibited criticism of Sino-Russian relations, some prominent retired officials have stated publicly that Russia is a liability and a few leading scholars have criticized Russian policies. Despite evidence of misgivings in some advisory circles, Xi is unlikely to change course.
China-Russia Rapprochement
Authors: Ekman Alice 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sino-Russian rapprochement has been accelerating since the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and has not been put into question since the beginning of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. This chapter looks at the political and geostrategic drivers of the rapprochement. In particular, the analysis takes into account China’s coalition-building strategy under Xi Jinping and the role of Russia within this strategy. It argues that, even if significant imbalances remain between the two countries, the Sino-Russian partnership is likely to continue to consolidate at a rapid pace in the coming years, as China considers Russia as a core pillar of its coalition-building strategy in a context of deep and multilayered rivalry with the United States.
Hobbes's Two Sciences
Authors: Adams Marcus P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Seventeenth-century thinker Thomas Hobbes maintained that his philosophy constituted a unified system, but in what precise sense did he think that the branches of his philosophy were unified? This question has provoked extensive scholarship over the last half-century. Not only is answering it essential to understanding Hobbes’s philosophy generally, but how one answers it significantly impacts our understanding of the Leviathan, his most influential work, and of the Laws of Nature, the foundation of Hobbesian political philosophy. Hobbes’s Two Sciences: Politics, Geometry, and the Structure of Philosophy answers the question by situating Hobbes’s politics within his account of scientific knowledge as constructed by humans—an epistemology founded on the idea that makers have special access to causal knowledge—and by demonstrating that the relationship between pure and mixed mathematics provided him with a model for thinking about relationships between geometry and natural philosophy and between politics and history. This understanding of Hobbes’s systematic philosophy impacts several long-standing areas of scholarship on Hobbes and the history of early modern philosophy.
Introduction: The Unity of Hobbes’s Philosophy
Authors: Adams Marcus P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces a puzzle in Hobbes scholarship: how do the parts of Hobbes’s philosophy fit together? It summarizes and distinguishes two dominant approaches—the deductivist view and the disunity view—and outlines significant flaws each view faces. It then describes desiderata for any account of how Hobbes’s philosophy is unified and shows how the view to be articulated in the remaining chapters—the maker’s knowledge view—meets each desideratum and provides a way to understand Hobbes’s philosophy as unified without being reductionistic. The chapter also contrasts the maker’s knowledge view with an influential account of Hobbes’s philosophical development and argues against seeing eloquence as part of Hobbes’s civil science as such. Rather than eloquence, the maker’s knowledge view understands Hobbes as providing different ways of demonstrating civil science, whether in a synthetic demonstration, as in Leviathan, or as “one easie sum” for the “meanest brute” unable to follow such a demonstration.
Prudential Knowledge from Sense and the Mechanical Mind
Authors: Adams Marcus P 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter begins a two-part account of Hobbes’s epistemology by focusing first upon what Hobbes frequently identifies with the Latin term cognitio: human and non-human knowledge founded in conceptions received in sense. The chapter addresses (1) the source of Hobbesian cognitio from sense through prudence as particular conceptions among which a knower judges “similitudes” (an inference from many instances to all or most of some kind), (2) Hobbes’s explanation for this behavior as seeking to bring about antecedents of desired consequents, and (3) the role that language plays in allowing human knowers to mark conceptions with names, form contingent propositions and syllogisms using those propositions, and raise conceptions in others by using names as public signs.