bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Strategic Leadership on Entrepreneurial Performance An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Administrative Leaders in The Union Company for Food Industries Ltd. in Babylon
Authors: Hussain Zafar Nasser , Jaber Muhannad Abdul Karim Sahib 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Our current research seeks to measure the impact of leadership with its dimensions represented by (determining direction, investing and preserving core capabilities, developing human capital, promoting culture) a questionnaire a questionnaire on all measurements at various administrative levels, the chairman of the board of directors of the company, the executive director, the general manager, and the management of departments and divisions in Union Company for Food Industries Ltd In order to process this data and test the hypotheses, the researcher used a number of statistical methods, the most important of which are (the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the relative coefficient of difference, and the relative importance).
working methods
Using the analytical method to reach the results through the use of the questionnaire form and subjecting it to several statistical methods and tools through the SPSS statistical analysis program.
Conclusions
It is clear from the results of testing the hypotheses of the study that there is a significant effect of the strategic leadership variable on the entrepreneurial performance at the level of the study sample company, and this indicates that the more the administrative leaderships in the study sample company pay attention to the dimensions of strategic leadership and follow strategic behaviors, the more they have an insight into the future and a vision It has a clear and deep understanding of the market dynamics, and it has the necessary expertise, skills, and capabilities to deal with environmental variables. The higher the level of entrepreneurial performance at the level of the study sample company, the greater its ability to achieve success.
It was also clear from the results of testing the hypotheses of the study that there is a significant effect of the dimension of defining the strategic direction on the entrepreneurial performance, and this means that the study sample company paid more attention to defining its strategic direction clearly and formulating its strategy with high transparency, and the more its administrative leaders had a full understanding of the strategic process, the higher the performance its pioneer.
The results of hypothesis testing showed that there is a significant effect of the investment dimension and the preservation of core capabilities in the entrepreneurial performance variable. Resources and expertise in order to build core capabilities and improve their outputs.
From the results of testing the hypotheses of the study, it was found that there is a significant effect of the dimension of strengthening the organizational culture in the variable of entrepreneurial performance. Social, this is a matter of raising the level of his leadership performance.
Study of Anatomical Description and Histological Structure of the kidney in Iraqi Birds.
Authors: Khadhim Isrra Adnan Auda 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The current study aims to identify the morphological description and histological structure of kidney in bird. Morphologically the kidney consist of three lobes represented by the cranial, medial and caudal taking into account the difference in the shape and size of the lobes.
According to histology, the kidney is surrounded in a delicate connective tissue capsule. The kidney's primary structural component is the lobule, which is made up of cortical and medullary tissue in each lobule. There are two parts to the kidney medulla and cortex. The cortex is larger than the medulla and has glomeruli, proximal convoluted tubules, and distal convoluted tubules, whereas the medulla has thin and thick segments of Henle's loop, collecting tubules, and collecting ducts.
Conclusion:
The kidneys in Iraqi birds are morphologically and histologically different.
فعالية استخدام وسائل التعليم Flashcard لترقية المفردات لدى طلاب بالمدرسة الثانوية جاء الحق بنجكولو
Authors: Zikri Muhammad , Anggraini Titin , Hidayat Nur 
Published: January 2023

The school of Ja al-Haq Bengkulu – it turned out that the students' mastery of language vocabulary has increased significantly than before. This increase in students' vocabulary proficiency appears as students are able to memorize the given vocabulary, use the vocabulary to form a sentence, and be able to translate into Arabic text. From this research is to determine the effectiveness of using Flashcard teaching aids to upgrade the vocabulary of seventh grade students in Islamic Junior Hight school Ja al-Haq Bengkulu.This study uses quantitative research using a quasi-experimental approach, and the data collection methods in this study are testing and documentation. The data sources in this study were seventh-grade students at the Islamic Junior Hight school Ja al-Haq Bengkulu. The data analysis technique in this research uses the normality test, homogeneity test, and t test.The results of the study showed, based on the research that was conducted, that there is no effect using Flashcard methods on the vocabulary results of students in the seventh grade at school. It came right.Keyword: Ja al-Haq, Flashcard, Vocabulary
A Critical Study of the Wage System and Practice in Indonesia belongs to the Maqashid al-Shariah Perspective
Authors: Mardhiah Nur 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the wage system and practice in Indonesia from the perspective of Maqashid al-Shariah. The indicators can be seen from several applicable policies, whether they have brought benefits to the workers/laborers or not. This can be answered with an in-depth study and study seen from several aspects, including; list of decent living needs (KHL), specialization and division of labor as the basis for setting wages, wage transparency, and human resource development within companies in Indonesia. As for the methods and techniques of analysis using the content of data analysis carried out qualitatively by making interpretations of policies, rules, and empirical data obtained, then concluded as answers to research problems. Findings in the field reveal that from systems and policies, as well as practices, some companies are still unable to provide decent wages to workers/laborers or even do not meet decent living standards (KHL) in Indonesia. In addition, there are policies and regulations that come from the government or companies that are not in line due to internal factors of the company itself. This research is here to try to provide an affirmative solution by integrating the indicators of the benefit of the Maqashid al-Shariah on improving the policy and wage system in Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem dan praktik upah di Indonesia perspektif Maqashid al-Shariah. Adapun indikatornya dilihat dari beberapa kebijakan yang berlaku apakah sudah menghadirkan kemaslahatan bagi para pekerja/buruh atau belum. Hal tersebut dapat terjawab dengan kajian dan telaah secara mendalam dilihat dari beberapa aspek, diantaranya; daftar kebutuhan hidup layak (KHL), spesiliasi dan pembagian kerja sebagai basis dalam penetapan upah, transparansi pengupahan, serta pembinaan sumber daya manusia di lingkungan perusahaan di Indonesia. Adapun metode dan teknik analisis menggunakan konten analisis data yang dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan membuat penafsiran terhadap kebijakan, aturan, maupun data empiris yang didapatkan, kemudian disimpulkan sebagai jawaban terhadap permasalahan penelitian. Temuan di lapangan mengungkapkan, dari sistem dan kebijakan, maupun praktik beberapa perusahaan masih belum mampu memberikan upah kepada para pekerja/buruh yang layak atau/bahkan tidak memenuhi standar kebutuhan hidup layak (KHL) di Indonesia. Selain itu, kebijakan maupun aturan baik itu yang datang dari pemerintah maupun perusahaan ada yang belum sejalan dikarenakan faktor internal perusahaan itu sendiri. Penelitian ini hadir mencoba memberikan solusi afirmatif dengan mengintegrasikan indikator kemaslahatan perspektif Maqashid al-Shariah terhadap perbaikan kebijakan dan sistem pengupahan di Indonesia.
Maslahah and Sakinah Family's Review of Marriage Through Marriage Dispensation in Central Lampung Regency
Authors: Fahimah Iim , Zaenal Zaenal 
Published: January 2023

Some couples are not of legal age who have received a marriage dispensation. A search was conducted on their post-marriage conditions. Whether this early life is subjected to separation or is it precisely harmonious. The authors researched couples who married through the marriage dispensation route in Central Lampung Regency. How do maslahah and sakinah families review the marriage through the marriage dispensation route in Lampung Tengah Regency? Marriage through the marriage dispensation route in central Lampung Regency is in the review of Maslahah and the sakinah family that their marriage is classified as a group of Sakinah II families bringing benefits to their households. In general, the values of the maslahat are obtained in three stages; the benefit obtained at the time of the implementation of the marriage dispensation took place, by obtaining the legality of the couple's conjugal relationship has been valid. The benefit in their home life is due to their good and harmonious relationship, and can be beneficial for those around them. The future benefit of the couple's household and their future child, due to their legal marriage. Terdapat pasangan yang belum cukup usia pernikahan yang mendapatkan penetapan dispensasi pernikahan. Penelusuran dilakukan tentang kondisi pasca pernikahan mereka. Apakah kehidupan usia dini ini mengalami perpisahan atau justru harmonis. Penulis melakukan penelitian pasangan yang menikah dengan melalui jalur dispensasi pernikahan di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Bagaimana tinjauan maslahah dan keluarga sakinah terhadappernikahan melaui jalur dispensasi nikah di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah? Pernikahan melalui jalur dispensasi nikah di Kabupaten Lampung tengah dalam tinjauan Maslahah dan keluarga sakinah bahwa pernikahan mereka tergolong kelompok Keluarga Sakinah II membawa kemaslahan bagi rumah tangganya. Secara umum nilai-nilai maslahat tersebut diperoleh dalam tiga tahapan; kemaslahatan yang diperoleh pada saat pelaksanaan dispensasi nikah berlangsung, dengan memperoleh legalitas hukum dari hubungan suami istri pasangan tersebut telah sah. Kemaslahatan di dalam kehidupan rumah tangganya karena hubungan mereka yang baik dan harmonis, serta dapat bermanfaat untuk orang di sekitarnya. Kemaslahatan yang bersifat masa depan rumah tangga pasangan tersebut dan anak mereka di masa depan, karena pernikahannya yang legal.
Police Efforts in Commanding Drug Criminal Actions in The Muslim Community
Authors: Markuat Markuat 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to comprehensively describe the role of the Police in tackling drug crimes in Muslim communities. The research used is juridical empirical. This research is descriptive analysis, namely research that aims to clearly and accurately describe the things in question; then the problems are analyzed based on legal theories or applicable laws and regulations to obtain accountable answers. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the role of the Police in tackling drug crimes in Muslim society is the role of preventing, the role of law enforcement and the role in conducting therapy and rehabilitation for narcotics crimes. The efforts made by the Police to tackle drug crimes in Muslim communities are using pre-emptive and preventive methods. Pre-Emtif Effort is a policy that looks at the root causes of crime through a social approach, a situational approach and a community approach to eliminate the elements of potential disturbances. At the same time, preventive efforts are preventing the community so as not to abuse narcotics.Penelitian ini bertujuan mendiskripsikan secara komprehensip peranan kepolisian dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana narkoba di Masyarakat Muslim. Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris yang bersifat deskriptif analisis, yakni penelitian yang bertujuan untuk dapat menggambarkan dan mendeskripsikan secara jelas dan cermat hal-hal yang dipersoalkan, kemudian permasalahan tersebut dianalisis berdasarkan teori-teori hukum atau peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku guna memperoleh jawaban yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan Peranan kepolisian dalam rangka menanggulangi tindak pidana narkoba di masyarakat muslim yaitu peranan dalam melakukan pencegahan, peranan melakukan penegakan hukum dan peranan dalam melakukan terapi dan rehabilitasi terhadap tindak pidana narkotika. Adapun upaya yang di lakukan Kepolisian untuk menangulangi tindak pidana narkoba di Masyarakat Muslim yaitu dengan cara Pre-Emtif dan preventif. Upaya Pre-Emtif adalah kebijakan yang melihat akar masalah utama penyebab terjadinya kejahatan melalui pendekatan sosial, pendekatan situasional dan pendekatan kemasyarakatan untuk menghilangkan unsur potensi gangguan yang terjadi. Sedangkan upaya preventif adalah pencegahan terhadap masyarakat agar tidak melakukan penyalahgunaan narkotika.
The Juridical Analysis of Criminal Acts on Negligence of Traffic Accidents That Cause Death
Authors: Laela Fitri Ida 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to explain the problem, which is the basis or consideration of the judge in considering the elements of the criminal act of negligence in traffic accidents that result in the loss of other people's lives. This study is a literature study with a normative juridical approach. The data collection technique used in this research is the documentation technique. At the same time, the analysis technique used in this research is descriptive. The findings in this study are that the judge's considerations in determining criminal sanctions against perpetrators of criminal acts of negligence in traffic accidents are divided into two, namely, juridical considerations and non-juridical considerations. A judge gives juridical considerations to a case based on statutory regulations, indictments, and demands from the public prosecutor. The judge's consideration is also based on the facts found in the trial examination based on the evidence submitted. At the same time, non-juridical considerations include the judge's consideration of the factors that will burden the crime and the factors that relieve the perpetrators of the crime. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan permasalahnnya yang menjadi dasar atau pertimbangan hakim dalam mempertimbangkan unsur-unsur tindak pidana kelalaian kecelakaan lalu lintas yang mengakibatkan hilangnya nyawa orang lain. Studi ini adalah penelitian pustaka dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik dokumentasi. Sedangkan Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah pertimbangan hakim dalam menentukan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana kelalaian atau kealpaan dalam kecelakaan lalu lintas terbagi menjadi dua yakni, pertimbangan yuridis dan pertimbangan non yuridis. Pertimbnagan yuridis merupakan pertimbangan yang diberikan oleh hakim terhadap suatu perkara berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan, dakwaan dan tuntutan yang diberikan oleh penuntut umum. Pertimbangan hakim ini juga berdasarkan kepada fakta-fakta yang ditemukan dalam pemeriksaan persidangan berdasarkan barang bukti dan alat bukti yang diajukan. Sedangkan pertimbangan non yuridis yakni pertimbangan hakim dari faktor-faktor yang akan memberatkan pelaku tindak pidana dan juga faktor-faktor yang meringankan pelaku tindak pidana.
Epistemology of Hadith in Syafi'iyyah And It’s Effect in Istinbāṭ Al-Ahkām
Authors: Syafi'i Imam , Subairi Subairi 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to examine the Hadith in the Syafi'iyah Ulama. Historically, the style of thought of the scholars has focused on two schools, namely: the mutakallim school pioneered by the Syafi'iyyah scholars and the Ahnāf school, known as the fuqahā', which the Hanafi scholars built. These two schools have different paradigms, including in the study of Hadith, especially when istinbāṭ al-Ahkām. There are three points obtained in this study; first, the Syafi'iyyah scholars divide the Hadith (from the aspect of quantity) into two, namely the mutawātir Hadith and the ahād Hadith. Second, the scholars agree that Mutawātir hadith can be used as a basis for a source of law. At the same time, the ahād Hadith and the mursal Hadith of the Syafi'iyyah scholars provide certain conditions in making the ahād Hadith and mursal Hadith sources of law. Third, from the aspect of qat'iy-ẓanniy and 'ām-takhs, in the view of the Syafi'iyyah scholars that the word 'āmm is Zanni, so the pronunciation of 'āmm, what is in the Qur'an can be interpreted with the Hadith ahād and Qiyas because they are both Zanni. Zanni argues that there is no obstacle to assessing the Zanni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang hadis dalam Ulama Syāfi’iyah. Dalam sejarahnya, corak pemikiran para ulama terpusat pada dua aliran, yaitu aliran mutakallimīn yang dipelopori oleh ulama Syāfi’iyyah dan aliran Ahnāf atau dikenal dengan fuqahā’ yang dibangun oleh ulama Hanafiyah. Dua aliran ini memiliki paradigma yang berbeda termasuk didalamnya dalam kajian Hadis, khususnya ketika istinbāṭ al-Ahkām. Ada tiga poin yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini, pertama dalam aspek pembagian, ulama Syāfi’iyyah membagi hadis (dari aspek kuantitas) menjadi dua, yaitu Hadis mutawātir dan hadis ahād. Kedua dalam aspek kedudukan hadis dalam menggali hukum, dalam hal hadis Mutawātir para ulama sepakat bahwa hadis Mutawātir dapat dijadikan landasan sebagai sumber hukum. Sementara hadis ahād dan hadis mursal ulama Syāfi’iyyah memberikan syarat-syarat tertentu didalam menjadikan hadis ahād dan hadis mursal sebagai sumber hukum. Ketiga, dari aspek qat’iy-ẓanniy dan ‘ām-takhsīṣ, dalam pandangan ulama Syāfi’iyyah bahwa lafaz ‘āmm adalah ẓanni sehingga lafaz ‘āmm yang ada dalam al-Qur’an bisa di takhsīṣ dengan hadis ahād dan qiyas karena sama-sama bersifat ẓanni. Dalil ẓanni tidak ada halangan untuk men-takhshīṣ yang ẓanni.
Implementation Of 'Usyur in Tax Revenue During the Covid-19 Period in Medan City
Authors: Nurlaily Nurlaily , Yafiz Muhammad , Juliati Nasution Yenni Samri 
Published: January 2023

The coronavirus has had a tremendous impact on the world economy, many people's businesses have experienced a decline in revenue during covid-19. Hotel and restaurant tax revenues during the covid-19 period have also been paralyzed. So that tax deposits become the heaviest burden for business actors. In this case, how does the concept of 'Usyur see the problems that plague this world so that tax revenues during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses qualitative research methods with descriptive analysis. A qualitative approach is an approach that seeks to interpret the meaning of an event as an interaction of human behavior in a particular situation. The results found are that 'Usyur provides relief to business actors when an outbreak hits the world, but in its implementation it often experiences obstacles and obstacles and its application has not been implemented in Indonesia. 'usyur has not been fully implemented even though there are sharia hotels and restaurants, 'usyur has not been as busy as it is going well, although the concept will lead to the concept of sharia tax revenue. This is an input for future business actors in realizing sharia tourism and hotels. Virus corona telah membawa dampak yang sangat luar biasa terhdapa perekonomian dunia, banyak usaha masyarakat yang mengalami penurunan penerimaan selama covid-19. Penerimaan pajak hotel dan restoran dimasa covid-19 juga mengalami kelumpuhan. Sehingga penyetoran pajak menjadi beban terberat bagi pelaku usaha. Dalam hal ini bagaimana konsep ‘Usyur melihat permasalahan yang melanda dunia ini sehingga dalam penerimaan pajak ketika masa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Pendekatan kualitatif adalah pendekatan yang berusaha menafsirkan makna suatu peristiwa sebagai interaksi perilaku manusia dalam situasi tertentu. Adapun hasil yang ditemukan adalah bahwa ‘Usyur memberikan keringanan kepada para pelaku usaha ketika sebuah wabah melanda dunia, namun dalam implementasinya sering mengalami hambatan dan kendala serta penerapannya belum begitu diterapkan di Indonesia. ‘usyur belum sepenuhnya diterapkan meskipun ada hotel dan restoran syariah, ‘usyur belum sepeuhnya berjalan dengan baik, meskipun pada konsep akan mengarah kepada konsep penerimaan pajak secara syariah. Hal ini menjadi masukkan untuk pelaku usaha kedepannya dalam mewujudkan wisata dan hotel syariah.
Syar’u Man Qablanâ and It’s Implementation in Sharia Economic Law (Mu’âmalah Mâliyyah)
Authors: Agus Putra Panji Adam 
Published: January 2023

The terms of the earlier people's sharia or called syar’u man qablanâ are one of the legal arguments in Islam that have been debated by scholars related to their validity. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct related research on the concept of syar’u man qablanâ and its implementation in the field of mu’âmalah mâliyyah. This research uses a normative juridical approach. The sources of this study are primary and secondary sources. This research is descriptive and classified as qualitative research. The results showed that the implementation of the sharia of the previous people in the field of mu’âmalah mâliyyah was the Ju’âlah contract, the Ijârah contract, the Dhamân Mâ Tafsadahu al-Dawwâb al-Mursalah, the kafâlah bi al-wajh (bi al-nafs) contract and the qismah muhaya’ah contract. Syarat-syariat umat terdahulu atau disebut dengan syar’u man qablanâ merupakan salah satu dalil hukum dalam Islam yang menjadi perdebatan para ulama terkait dengan keabsahannya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dialkukan penelitian terkait mengenai konsep mengenai syar’u man qablanâ dan implementasinya dalam bidang mu’âmalah mâliyyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Sumber penelitian ini adalah sumber primer dan sekunder. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dan tergolong penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa impelementasi syariat umat terdahulu dalam bidang mu’âmalah mâliyyah adalah akad Ju’âlah,akad Ijârah, Dhamân Mâ Tafsadahu al-Dawwâb al-Mursalah, akad kafâlah bi al-wajh (bi al-nafs) dan akad qismah muhaya’ah