bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-secretory Multiple Myeloma Associated with Diffuse Osteosclerotic Bone Lesions: A Case Report and Review of Cases since 1997
Authors: Veeramachaneni Tanooha , DeBevits John , Anderson Larry D. , Jaso Jesse M. , Kaur Gurbakhash 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy typically involving monoclonal immunoglobulin secretion by malignant plasma cells and lytic bone lesions. Sclerotic lesions appear in 3% of cases, and only 1-3% of multiple myeloma patients produce no detectable paraprotein. This case involves a challenging diagnosis of a rare presentation of both non-secretory and osteosclerotic multiple myeloma.
Case Presentation: A 59-year-old woman with prior history of breast cancer presented with 2 months of back pain and was found to have T1 and T11 sclerotic lesions on imaging. Positron emission tomography (PET) revealed additional L4 sclerotic lesions and right manubrium as well as a single lytic lesion of the right ilium. Biopsy revealed 40% plasma cell infiltrate producing monoclonal lambda light chains. Protein electrophoresis was normal. The patient was absent of POEMS Syndrome features. The patient was diagnosed with osteosclerotic multiple myeloma (OMM) and initiated on chemotherapy and received an autologous stem cell transplant. Repeat PET demonstrated stabilization of sclerotic lesions and decreased metabolic activity of the lytic lesion. She is currently on maintenance Revlimid.
Conclusions: OMM is an extremely rare subtype of classical multiple myeloma (CMM), with less than 50 cases reported prior to 1997. This paper presents the most comprehensive current review of OMM since. OMM presents in younger patients with no sex preference most commonly with back pain, dyspnea, and weakness/fatigue. 29% of patients reviewed were South Asian, warranting further research into risk factors for this population. Hypercalcemia is rare in OMM, while renal insufficiency and anemia are more common than in CMM. OMM has median infiltrate of 45% with even distribution of kappa and lambda chain monoclonal gammopathy. It most commonly involves the vertebrae but has greater involvement in the pelvis and long bones than CMM. OMM is more indolent with better survival. Our case represented a challenging diagnosis with normal typical laboratory markers of MM and unremarkable findings on SPEP given that the OMM also was non-secretory. Although rare, OMM should be considered in diagnosis of patients with persistent back pain despite 1-2 months of conventional conservative treatment using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.
Investigating to detect the fake medicines using blockchain technology
Authors: Upadhyay Anurag , Bhargava Anshuman , Kumar J Sathish 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the use of counterfeit drugs has become a significant public health concern globally. To tackle this problem, various technologies have been employed, including blockchain, due to its inherent characteristics such as transparency, immutability, and decentralization. In this paper,a method is proposed for detecting fake medicines using blockchain technology. The system tracks the entire lifecycle of a drug, from manufacturing todistribution, and maintains a decentralized ledger that records each transaction. This approach enables stakeholders to verify the authenticity of drugs inreal-time, ensuring that only genuine medicines reach patients. The system’seffectiveness in detecting counterfeit drugs is evaluated using a simulated environment, and the results show that the proposed method can effectively detectfake medicines with high accuracy and reliability. Overall, the use of blockchaintechnology in the detection of counterfeit drugs provides a promising solutionto the issue of fake medicines in the healthcare industry.
Materials sustainability of thermoelectric generators for waste heat utilization
Authors: Bohra Anil Kumar , Vitta Satish 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Amount of waste heat exergy generated globally ~ 69.058 EJ can be divided into, low temperature < 373 K, 30.496 EJ, medium temperature 373 K – 573 K, 14.431 EJ and high temperature > 573 K, 24.131 EJ. The minimum number of thermoelectric pn-junctions required to convert this high temperature exergy into electrical power using currently known best materials is found to increase from 8.22x1011 to 24.66x1011 when the aspect ratio of the legs increases from 0.5 cm− 1 to 1.5 cm− 1. To convert the low temperature exergy, 81.76x1011 to 245.25x1011 junctions will be required. The amount of alloys required to synthesize these is of the order of ‘millions of tons’ which means the elements, Bi, Te, Pb, Sb, Sn and Se required is also of similar magnitude. The current production of these elements however falls far short of this requirement by several orders of magnitude, indicating significant materials supply chain risk. The production of these elements and devices, even if resources are available, will emit millions of tons of CO2 showing that current alloys are non-sustainable. It therefore becomes clear that alternate materials with low energy and emissions footprint as well as minimal supply chain risk need to be pursued.
Feasibility and acceptability of a novel intervention to improve hand hygiene behavior in rural Liberian health facilities
Authors: Tantum Lucy K. , Gilstad John R. , Horng Lily M. , Tandanpolie Amos F. , Styczynski Ashley R. , Letizia Andrew G. , Luby Stephen P. , Arthur Ronan F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hand hygiene is central to the prevention of healthcare-associated infection. In low-income settings, barriers to health worker hand hygiene may include inconsistent availability of hand hygiene supplies at the point of care. However, there is a lack of knowledge of interventions to improve and sustain health worker hand hygiene in these settings. This pilot study evaluates acceptability and feasibility of a personally-worn hand hygiene holster device for improving point-of-care access to alcohol-based handrub (ABHR). Holsters were distributed to clinical staff at a hospital in Liberia in July–September 2021. Data collection included 2,066 structured observations of hand hygiene behavior, six spot checks of supply availability, and focus group discussions with 13 clinical staff. The Integrated Behavioral Model for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (IBM-WASH) provided a framework for study design and qualitative analysis. Acceptability of the intervention was high, with users reporting that holsters were comfortable, easy to use, and aligned with their professional identities. Feasibility depended on consistent ABHR availability, which may diminish sustainability of this intervention. The hand hygiene holster is a promising tool for improving health worker hand hygiene behavior, but solutions to ABHR supply chain and distribution constraints are necessary to support sustainability of this intervention.
Neuroprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine Pretreatment on Sevoflurane-
Initiated Neurotoxicity Via the Mir-204-5p/SOX4 Axis
Authors: Wang Run , Liu Pengfei , Li Fan , Qiao Hui 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Sevoflurane (Sev) is a type of volatile anesthetic commonly used in clinic
practices and can initiate long-term neurotoxicity, while dexmedetomidine (Dex) possesses a
neuroprotective function in multiple neurological disorders.

Objective:
This work expounded on the function of Dex pretreatment in Sev-initiated neurotoxicity.

Methods:
At first, human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH cells) were treated with different
concentrations of Sev or Dex, followed by the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay to decide the
appropriate concentrations of Sev or Dex. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) productions,
and apoptotic rate of SK-N-SH cells were examined by the CCK-8 assay, LDH cytotoxicity kit, and
flow cytometry assay in sequence. Further, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and proinflammatory
cytokine contents were examined by the ROS assay kit and the enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay kits. The expression patterns of microRNA (miR)-204-5p and SRY-box
transcription factor 4 (SOX4) in SK-N-SH cells were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase
chain reaction or Western blotting. The binding relationship between miR-204-5p and SOX4 was
confirmed by the dual-luciferase assay. After transfection of miR-204-5p mimics or SOX4 siRNA,
the role of the miR-204-5p/SOX4 axis in Sev-initiated neurotoxicity was detected.

Results:
Sev treatment reduced SK-N-SH cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner, and Dex
pretreatment diminished Sev-initiated neurotoxicity. Mechanically, Dex pretreatment limited Sevinduced
upregulation of miR-204-5p and further increased SOX4 expression levels. miR-204-5p
upregulation or SOX4 knockdown averted the neuroprotection function of Dex pretreatment in Sevinitiated
neurotoxicity.

Conclusion:
Dex pretreatment decreased miR-204-5p expression levels and upregulated SOX4
expression levels, palliating Sev-initiated neurotoxicity.
Effective Reduction of Tau Amyloid Aggregates in the Presence of Cyclophilin
from Platanus orientalis Pollens; An Alternative Mechanism of
Action of the Allergen
Authors: Mehrabi Masomeh , Bijari Nooshin , Akbari Vali , Ranjbar Samira , Karima Saeed , Sankian Mojtaba , Ojaghi Sara , Khodarahmi Reza 
Published: June 2023

Background:
A hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the construction of neurofibrillary
tangles, which are made of hyperphosphorylated Tau. The cis-proline isomer of the
pThr/Ser-Pro sequence has been suggested to act as an aggregation precursor according to the
‘Cistauosis’ hypothesis; however, this aggregation scheme is not yet completely approved. Various
peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases) may specifically isomerize cis/trans-proline bonds and restitute
Tau's ability to attach microtubules and may control Tau amyloid aggregation in AD.

Methods:
In this study, we provided experimental evidence for indicating the effects of the plant Cyclophilin
(P-Cyp) from Platanus orientalis pollens on the Tau aggregation by various spectroscopic
techniques.

Results:
Our findings disclosed that the rate/extent of amyloid formation in the Tau sample which is
incubated with P-Cyp decreased and these observations do not seem to be due to the macromolecular
crowding effect. Also, as proven that 80% of the prolines in the unfolded protein are in the trans conformation,
urea-induced unfolding analyses confirmed this conclusion and showed that the aggregation
rate/extent of urea-treated Tau samples decreased compared with those of the native protein. Also,
XRD analysis indicated the reduction of scattering intensities and beta structures of amyloid fibrils in
the presence of P-Cyp. Therefore, the ability of P-Cyp to suppress Tau aggregation probably depends
on cis to trans isomerization of proline peptide bonds (X-Pro) and decreasing cis isomers in vitro.

Conclusion:
The findings of the current study may inspire possible protective/detrimental effects of
various types of cyclophilins on AD onset/progression through direct regulation of intracellular Tau
molecules and provides evidence that a protein from a plant source is able to enter the cell cytoplasm
and may affect the behavior of cytoplasmic proteins.
Progress in Research on CNPY2 in Diseases
Authors: Chen Ke-qian , Zhang Yu-qing , Wang Zong-bao , Wang Shu-zhi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Canopy FGF signaling regulator 2 (CNPY2) is a novel angiogenic growth factor. In recent
years, increasing evidence highlights that CNPY2 has important functions in health and disease.
Many new blood vessels need to be formed to meet the nutrient supply in the process of tumor
growth. CNPY2 can participate in the development of tumors by promoting angiogenesis. CNPY2
also enhances neurite outgrowth in neurologic diseases and promotes cell proliferation and tissue
repair, thereby improving cardiac function in cardiovascular diseases. Regrettably, there are few
studies on CNPY2 in various diseases. At the same time, its biological function and molecular
mechanism in the process and development of disease are still unclear. This paper reviews the recent
studies on CNPY2 in cervical cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer,
lung cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, spinal
cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, Parkinson’s disease, ischemic heart disease, myocardial ischemiareperfusion
injury, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The
biological function and molecular mechanism of CNPY2 in these diseases have been summarized in
this paper. Many drugs that play protective roles in tumors, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic
fatty liver disease, and neurologic diseases by targeting CNPY2, have also been summarized in this
paper. In addition, the paper also details the biological functions and roles of canopy FGF signaling
regulator 1 (CNPY1), canopy FGF signaling regulator 3 (CNPY3), canopy FGF signaling regulator
4 (CNPY4), and canopy FGF signaling regulator 5 (CNPY5). The mechanism and function of
CNPY2 should be continued to study in order to accelerate disease prevention in the future.
Synthesis of Phentermine and its Derivatives
Authors: Upadhyaya Khushbu , Shukla Shruti , Meena Bharti Parkash , Dwivedi Jaya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
In recent years, a growing global concern has been obesity. Patients with obesity are at
major risk for developing a number of diseases. These diseases may significantly impact patient’s
daily lives and increase the mortality rate. Over a year, medication for obesity has undergone substantial
changes. An amphetamine-like prescription drug called Phentermine (Adipex-P, Lomaira)
is used to suppress appetite. In the last few years, Phentermine and its derivatives have attracted
much attention due to their use in weight reduction; by reducing appetite or prolonging the feeling
of fullness, it can aid in weight reduction. So, reviewing the synthesis of Phentermine and its derivatives
becomes imperative. Therefore, various synthetic routes for Phentermine (from benzaldehyde,
isopropyl phenyl ketone, dimethyl benzyl carbinol) and its derivatives synthesis, involving
ortho-palladation, are also reviewed here comprehensively.
Analysis of the Safety and Effectiveness of Lenvatinib + TACE-HAIC + PD-1 Inhibitor for Intermediate and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yuguang , Tang Hui , Mai Cong , Zhang Xin , Kuang Jiawen , Tang Yunqiang 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer and the
fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world.

Aims:
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Lenvatinib + PD-1 inhibitor + TACEHAIC
(LePTaHAIC) versus Sorafenib + TACE (SorTACE) for patients with intermediate and advanced
HCC.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with BCLC stage B/C HCC were included. All
patients were treated with LePTaHAIC (LePTaHAIC group) or SorTACE (SorTACE group) between
September 2019 and September 2020. Outcomes, including progression-free survival (PFS), conversion
surgical resection rate, objective remission rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse
events (AEs) were analyzed and compared between the two treatment modalities.

Results:
In total, 65 eligible patients were recruited, with 35 assigned to receive LePTaHAIC and 30 assigned
to undergo SorTACE. Median PFS (11.4 vs. 5.13 months) and OS (26 vs. 10.08 months) in the
LePTaHAIC group were significantly higher compared to the SorTACE group (both P < 0.0001). The
ORR (mRECIST standard) of the LePTaHAIC group was markedly higher compared to the SorTACE
group (71.4% vs. 40%, P = 0.01). In the LePTaHAIC group, 11 patients underwent surgical resection
(BCLC stage B: n = 4, BCLC stage C: n = 7) and 3 patients achieved complete pathological remission
(pCR), while one patient in the SorTACE group underwent surgical resection. The conversion surgical
resection rate of the LePTaHAIC group was significantly higher compared to the SorTACE group [31.4%
(11/35) vs. 3.3% (1/30), P = 0.004]. Patients with LePTaHAIC had more frequent grade 3-4 treatmentrelated
AEs, especially thrombocytopenia, compared to the SorTACE group (22.9% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
LePTaHAIC exhibited acceptable toxic effects and improved survival compared to
SorTACE in intermediate and advanced HCC.
Design, Synthesis, in silico and in vitro Evaluation of New Combretastatin
A-4 Analogs as Antimitotic Antitumor Agents
Authors: Hussein Shaker A. Abdul , Kubba Ammar , Balakit Asim A. , Tahtamouni Lubna H. , Abbas Ali H. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) binds β-tubulin at the colchicine-binding site
preventing tubulin from polymerizing into microtubules. CA-4 and cis combretastatin analogs
isomerize to the trans form resulting in decreased cytotoxicity and anti-tubulin activity. However, the
excellent anti-cancer potential and relatively simple molecular structure of CA-4 provide an encouraging
starting point for the development of new, more stable and more potent anti-tubulin compounds.

Objective:
This study aimed to synthesize a new series of compounds derived from 4-(3,4,5-
trimethoxyphenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives (compounds 10-12) with substituted
phenyl group at C5 of the triazole ring (B-ring) as analogs of CA-4, with different alkyl and
aryl side chain substituents at the triazole moiety, resulting in the permanent cis configuration of the
two phenyl rings. Moreover, the anti-cancer activities of the new compounds were assessed.

Methods:
Chemical synthesis was carried out by conventional organic methods. The newly synthesized
CA-4 analogs were characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and HR-MS(ESI) techniques.
Molecular docking studies, including docking score (ΔG), ADMET, DFT, and molecular similarities,
were performed. The anti-proliferative activity of the new compounds against three human cancer
cell lines (A549, Hep G2, and HCT-116) and the normal cell line WI-38 was evaluated using the
MTT assay, and their ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization, and consequently, their effects on cell
cycle progression and induction of apoptosis were assessed.

Results:
Molecular docking studies showed that compounds 11b and 11d exhibited the highest docking
scores (-13.30 and -14.01 Kcal/mol, respectively) into the colchicine-binding site, scores very
close to the reference drug colchicine (-13.50 Kcal/mol), and that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic
interaction are essential for binding. The most active cytotoxic compound, 11b, had potent IC50
values against the three human cancer cell lines (3.83, 10.20, and 10.67 μM against Hep G2, HCT-
116, and A549, respectively) while exhibiting low cytotoxicity against non-cancer-human WI-38,
suggesting that compound 11b targets rapidly growing cancer cells. Moreover, compound 11b exhibited
potent anti-tubulin activity which was comparable to CA-4. Targeting microtubules caused cell
cycle arrest at the G2/M phase resulting in the induction of apoptosis.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that compound 11b is a promising β-tubulin-binding compound
with antimitotic action that has the potential to treat cancer.
Inhibitory Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Glutathione S-transferase from
Human Erythrocytes
Authors: Emre Erat Yunus , Rümeysa Erat Ayşe , Erat Mustafa 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Inhibition of certain specific glutathione S-transferase isozymes is associated
with the efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients.

Objective:
We aimed to determine whether ascorbic acid, which can be used as a drug and antioxidant
food supplement, is a glutathione S-transferase isozyme inhibitor.

Methods:
For this purpose, glutathione S-transferase was first purified from human erythrocytes and the
in vitro effect of ascorbic acid on enzyme activity was investigated. Then, kinetic studies were performed
to evaluate the inhibition potential of ascorbic acid, which was determined to be an inhibitor of
the enzyme.

Results:
The enzyme was purified 1286-fold with a yield of 81% and specific activity of 18.00 U/mg
protein. The effects of ascorbic acid were tested on the in vitro enzyme activity of glutathione Stransferase
and detected to be an inhibitor for the enzyme with 10 mM of IC50 value. Ki constants and
inhibition type were also determined for the enzyme.

Conclusion:
This finding indicates that ascorbic acid can be an effective inhibitor of some GST isozymes
increased in cancer cells. Abundant ascorbic acid intake may prevent cancer formation by
strengthening the antioxidant defense system, on the other hand, it may increase the effectiveness of
cancer treatment by inhibiting the chemotherapy-resistant GST enzyme.
Motivational Interviewing as an Intervention to Improve Antiretroviral
Treatment Initiation Among People who Inject Drugs (PWID): A Pilot
Study in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Sukmaningrum Evi , Ayu Astri Parawita , Wongso Lydia Verina , Handayani Miasari , Hendrianti Sarahsita , Kawi Nurhayati Hamim , Kusmayanti Nur Aini , Sulaiman Nurjannah , Irwanto  , Law Matthew , Wisaksana Rudi 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Progress towards the 95-95-95 target among People Who Inject Drugs
(PWID) with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection was considerably low. A behavioral
approach, such as motivational interviewing (MI), has been recognized as an effective strategy
for improving HIV treatment outcomes among PWID.

Objective:
This study aimed at assessing the impact of MI counselling to improve ARV initiation
among HIV-positive PWID.

Methods:
A cohort design pilot study was performed, and participants were recruited using a convenience
sampling technique. Participants were PWID with HIV who accessed healthcare facilities
in two Indonesian cities. Selected participants were assigned to an intervention group and a
control group. The intervention group followed MI counselling, while the control group received
ART following the standard of care. The participants were assigned to each group based on their
preferences. The data was collected between January 2018 and January 2019.

Results:
In total, 115 PWID with HIV participated in this study in the intervention (n = 30) and
control (n = 85) groups. All but one intervention group's participants started ART, while 68/85 in
the control group did so. Receiving MI counselling significantly contributed to ART initiation. In
addition, the participants were followed-up until 12 months after ARV initiation. During this period,
we found that similar proportions of participants in both groups discontinued the treatment,
and only a small number achieved HIV viral suppression.

Conclusion:
The positive effect of MI counselling on ART initiation provides insight into the
possibility of its wider implementation. Further studies are needed to gain a deeper understanding
of MI counselling and its effect on other outcomes of the HIV treatment cascade.
Andragogical Education in Mozambique from the perspective of phenomenological Geography
Authors: Silva Marco Antonio , Silva Gilcileide Rodrigues da 
Published: June 2023

A experiência de fazer parte de uma equipe multidisciplinar em expedição a Moçambique para treinamento de um grupo operacional de uma multinacional permitiu vivenciar os conhecimentos práticos relativos à percepção de risco nas suas atividades laborais. A metodologia adotada partiu da ciência educacional andragógica, cujos pilares são: necessidade, autoconceito e experiência anterior do aprendiz; prontidão e motivação para aprender. Pela perspectiva fenomenológica em Geografia, observou-se o fenômeno durante a rotina de trabalho do grupo, buscando a compreensão dos sujeitos sobre si e sua relação com os riscos eminentes. A abordagem metodológica adotada permitiu cultivar vivências preventivas no ambiente de trabalho e ainda contribuiu para a redução de acidentes e o aumento da segurança no ambiente laboral.
Palavras-chave: Geografia; Fenomenologia; Educação; Andragogia.