bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromium(III)-substituted hydroxyapatite/silica sol–gel coating: towards novel green coating for corrosion protection of AA2024
Authors: Elbasuney Sherif , Naeem Ibrahim , Mokhtar Mohamed , Sheashea Mohamed , Zorainy Mahmoud , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , Gobara Mohamed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel Cr-substituted hydroxyapatite (Cr-HA) nanoparticles were synthesized via continuous hydrothermal technique. Moreover, the synthesized material was embedded into a silica sol–gel matrix and applied on an AA2024 substrate to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the coating. TEM and SEM micrographs confirmed the development of Cr-HA nanorods of 20 nm width and 6 µm length. XRD diffractograms demonstrated the evolution of a new crystalline structure; the XRD pattern was analyzed by Material Studio software which confirms the replacement of Ca2+ by Cr3+. The EDX mapping revealed a uniform distribution of Ca and Cr ions within the Cr-HA crystal structure. The atomic ratio of Ca2+: Cr3+ was reported to be 4:1 respectively. The Cr-HA nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in a silica sol–gel matrix and applied on an AA2024 substrate. The corrosion performance of the Cr-HA sol–gel coating composite was evaluated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in an aerated 3.5% NaCl solution and the results compared to those of neat silica sol–gel coating. Whereas pitting corrosion was also observed in the case of a neat sol–gel coated sample within 5 days of immersion, Cr-HA sol–gel coated AA2024 exhibited prolonged pitting resistance over 110 days with no sign of corrosion or delamination. The EIS data fitting suggested the formation of a protective layer that is responsible for the extended corrosion resistance of the Cr-HA-coated sample. The scratch test indicated that the Cr-HA nanocomposite coating might offer short-term self-healing properties in the 3.5% NaCl corrosive media.
Graphical Abstract
Investigation into the Hydration Behavior of K2CO3 Packed Beds: An NMR Study
Authors: Raemaekers Tim , Donkers Pim , Huinink Henk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractK2CO3 is seen as a promising heat storage material, available for applications in the domestic sector. For practical purposes, the material is hereby often employed in a packed bed containing millimeter-sized particles. To gain more insight into the hydration behavior of these packed beds, quantitative NMR measurements, capable of following the in-situ hydration behavior, are presented for the first time. It is found that hydration behavior varies significantly, depending on the specific hydration conditions that are chosen. At low airflows hydration is found to proceed via a hydration front, while higher airflows cause the hydration front to widen. Since an increase in flow rate coincided with an increase in the supplied water vapor, hydration is eventually found to proceed in a uniform manner. A comparison between TGA and NMR measurements shows that the overall packed bed hydration kinetics hereby transition to the reaction kinetics of single K2CO3 particles.
Graphical Abstract
Factors associated with the formation of SARS-CoV-2 case-clusters in Danish schools: a nationwide register-based observational study
Authors: Funk Tjede , Espenhain Laura , Møller Frederik Trier , Ethelberg Steen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A register-based retrospective observational study was conducted to describe SARS-CoV-2 cases and case-clusters in schoolchildren of Danish primary and lower secondary schools and identify which factors were associated with the occurrence of case-clusters in schools. The study period was the autumn school semester 2021. Clusters were defined as three or more cases in a school-class level within 14 days. Descriptive analysis was carried out and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which factors were associated with case introductions (i.e., primary case) being linked to a cluster. More cases and clusters were identified in lower than in higher class levels. Out of 21,497 cases introduced into a school, 41.6% started a cluster. A higher assumed immunity level in a class level was significantly reducing the odds of a case introduction being linked to a cluster (e.g., assumed immunity of ≥80% vs <20%: OR: 0.28; 95%CI: 0.17–0.44). A previous infection (in the primary case) had a protective effect (OR: 0.58; 95%CI: 0.33–0.99). This study suggests that most cases appearing in schools did not induce clusters, but that once cluster occur sizes can be large. It further indicates that vaccination of children markedly reduces the risk of secondary infections.
rec-1loss of function is insufficient to homogenize crossover distribution inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Parée Tom , Noble Luke , Gonçalves João Ferreira , Teotónio Henrique 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMeiotic control of crossover (CO) position is critical for proper homologous chromosome segregation and organismal fertility, recombination of parental genotypes, and the generation of novel genetic combinations. We here characterize the recombination rate landscape of a loss of function genetic modifier of CO position inCaernorhabditis elegans. By averaging CO position across hermaphrodite and male meioses and by genotyping 203 single-nucleotide variants covering about 95% of the genome, we find that the characteristic chromosomal arm-center recombination rate domain structure is lost in a loss of functionrec-1mutant. Therec-1loss of function mutant smooths the recombination rate landscape but is insufficient to eliminate the non-uniform position of CO. We further find that therec-1mutant is of little consequence for organismal fertility and embryo hatchability and thus for rates of autosomal non-disjunction. However, it specifically increases X chromosome non-disjunction rates and males’ appearance. Our findings question the maintenance of genetic diversity amongC. elegansnatural populations, and they further suggest that manipulating genetic modifiers of CO position will help map quantitative trait loci in low-recombining genomic regions.
Aflatoxin levels and Aspergillus species in maize in the Province of Isabela, Philippines
Authors: Romero Eloi Theresa A. , Cumagun Christian Joseph R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe province of Isabela is the top maize producer in the Philippines. The intensive cultivation and the tropical climate in the region may favour fungal growth and aflatoxin contamination in maize grains. Thus, the study aimed to determine the occurrence of aflatoxin and mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species in maize varieties in this region. Samples were obtained in six municipalities from hybrid (Bt) maize (n = 101) and open‐pollinated varieties (n = 6) during the dry season (March and April) of 2019. Aflatoxin levels were quantified through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and Aspergillus species were identified through cultural and molecular methods. Aflatoxin was detected in 50.5% of maize samples; 49.5% of samples were less than the limit of detection (3 μg/kg), 16.8% with 3–20 μg/kg, 10.9% with 21–50 μg/kg and 22.8% above 50 μg/kg. Samples within the acceptable level were 66.3% for food (<20 μg/kg) and 77.2% for animal feed (<50 μg/kg), while 22.8% of samples were above the acceptable level of the Philippine National Standard for raw maize grains. More than 90% of Aspergillus species detected were A. flavus. Other species identified were A. tamarii and A. terreus. Despite the dry production season in the province with low relative humidity during harvesting, inadequate post‐harvest practices and the presence of A. flavus elevated the level of aflatoxin in sample grains. Additional work involving multi‐year surveys is needed to confirm the results and conclusions of this study.
Automorphisms of procongruence curve and pants complexes
Authors: Boggi Marco , Funar Louis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper we study the automorphism group of the procongruence mapping class group through its action on the associated procongruence curve and pants complexes. Our main result is a rigidity theorem for the procongruence completion of the pants complex. As an application we prove that moduli stacks of smooth algebraic curves satisfy a weak anabelian property in the procongruence setting.
Irrealis-marked interrogatives as rhetorical questions
Authors: Brown Colin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractI describe and compare two strategies to form rhetorical questions (RQs) in Sm’algyax (Tsimshianic). I show that one kind is isomorphic to ordinary, information-seeking questions, and is compatible with positive and negative answers, while the second is marked with irrealis morphology and only allows negative answers. I provide evidence from answerability and embedding to suggest that both types of RQs in Sm’algyax behave like questions in terms of their syntax/semantics, and propose that the irrealis subordinator present in the second type signals to the addressee that a negative answer is expected. These findings have implications for the presence of irrealis and subjunctive morphology appearing in RQs crosslinguistically.
A comprehensive evaluation of bronchoscopy at a large urban public hospital in South Africa
Authors: Ajayi Adekunle.O , Venter Michelle , Wong Michelle.L. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background: A definitive diagnosis of respiratory pathology is often elusive without tissue biopsy. Bronchoscopy is indispensable to visualise and sample endobronchial lesions and lung parenchyma.

Objectives: To describe the practise of fibreoptic bronchoscopy at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH). Outcomes include patient demographics, as well as indications and findings of fibreoptic bronchoscopy. To define possible associations between demographic characteristics and final diagnosis.

Methods: Retrospective record review of patients who had undergone fibreoptic bronchoscopy at CHBAH over a 8-year period (2011–2018).

Results: Bronchoscopy records were retrieved for 830 patients. Two thirds of patients were male; the mean age of patients was 56.1 (+/−13.3) years. Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status was reported in 74%. Twenty-two percent of this population was seropositive for HIV (median CD4 count 233 cells/mm3, IQR: 85–434 cells/mm3). Most were performed for suspected endobronchial lesions (52%), and 12% for pulmonary infiltrates. The most common final diagnosis was lung malignancy in 39% of patients. Squamous cell carcinoma was identified in 43%, followed by adenocarcinoma (31%). Women and HIV positive patients were less likely to be diagnosed with malignancy compared to men and HIV negative patients. The complication rate for bronchoscopy was 2%.

Conclusion: Suspected endobronchial lesions were the most common indication for bronchoscopy, and the most common diagnosis was primary lung cancer. Bronchoscopy is a useful tool in the diagnosis of respiratory disease with a low complication rate.
Vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia: A description of two cases with thrombosis
Authors: Mehta Ruchika , Daude Amina , Variava Ebrahim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with venous and arterial thrombosis. This report describes two patients with low vitamin B12 levels due to pernicious anaemia and elevated homocysteine levels, one of whom presented with an arterial thrombosis (cerebrovascular event) and another with venous thrombosis (deep vein thrombosis) without any other apparent cause for their presentation. Although not routinely recommended, it may be of value to screen patients with unexplained arterial or venous thrombotic events for elevated homocysteine levels. However, the paradox remains, that while hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, therapeutic strategies that lower homocysteine levels do not reduce the risk of thrombotic events.
Students Code-switching and Code-mixing in Spoken Communication Activities at English Language Education Department of UIN Mataram
Authors: Muslihati Muslihati , Khusniyah Nurul Lailatul , Rahmat Hery 
Published: July 2023

The research aims to know the types of code mixing, the type of code switching and the factors of code-switching and code-mixing in the process of learning English in 6th semester students of the English Language Education department of UIN Mataram. This research was used descriptive qualitative approach. The subject of this study was one of the classes in the British American Australian course. The research applies observation, interviews and documents in collecting data. The study reveals that (1) there are 2 types of code mixing namely Insertion and alternation;(2) there are 2 types of code switching namely Intra-Sentential and Intra-Sentential; (3) there are 4 factors that cause students did code switching and code mixing in class namely situation, talking about a particular topic, difficulties to finding equivalent words in language in used, and intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor.
Reproductive biology of Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a biological control agent of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Kruger Alexandra P. , Garcez Amanda M. , Scheunemann Tiago , Bernardi Daniel , Nava Dori E. , Garcia Flávio Roberto Mello 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Hymenopteran parasitoids, like any other insect, employ strategies to ensure their reproduction. Here, we present mating strategies used by the pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a potential biocontrol agent of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Adults from this species emerge in the first hours of photophase, and males emerge before females, demonstrating that T. anastrephae is a protandrous species. Parasitoid age when first mated influences the parasitism and sex ratio. Younger females result in a higher number of offspring, while older males result in a more female-biased sex ratio of offspring. Both males and females are polygamic, and the order in which a female is mated by the male affects parasitism, viability of parasitized pupae, and sex ratio of offspring, with the first female performing the highest parasitism and sex ratio, but the lowest viability. Females that are allowed to mate multiple times generate lower numbers of offspring when compared to virgin or single-mated females, but the highest sex ratio. Data present in this study can be used to improve parasitoid rearing and field releases of T. anastrephae, to be used in biological control programs for D. suzukii.
Infertile egg powder improves nutrient digestibility, digestive organ development, and performance of broiler chickens
Authors: Suprayogi Wara Pratitis Sabar , Ratriyanto Adi , Irawan Agung 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This research investigated the effects of infertile egg powder (IEP) supplementation in the diets of broiler chickens on nutrient digestibility, digestive tract development, and performance. A total of 196 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomized into four treatments differing in IEP levels, each with seven replicates of seven birds. The treatments were: 100% basal diet as a control (CON), 96% CON + 4% IEP (IEP4), 94% CON + 6% IEP (IEP6), and 92% CON + 8% IEP (IEP8). The observed variables included growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive organ development. The results showed that dietary IEP enhanced the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash (P < 0.05), most noticeably in the IEP6 and IEP8 groups. However, IEP did not affect crude fiber and nitrogen-free extract digestibility. The birds consuming diets with IEP had heavier and more prolonged (P < 0.05) duodenums, jejunum, ileum, and whole small intestines compared to the birds fed the CON diet. Dietary IEP also improved liver and gizzard weight (P < 0.05). Feeding IEP did not affect feed intake but increased (P < 0.05) crude protein and metabolizable energy intake, leading to an increase (P < 0.05) of daily weight gain and concomitantly decreased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of the IEP groups. To conclude, IEP from hatchery had a positive response on the improved nutrient digestibility, digestive tract development, and performance of broiler chickens, and therefore, it can be used as a feed ingredient for broiler chickens.
Learning Risk Factors from App Reviews: A Large Language Model Approach for Risk Matrix Construction
Authors: de Lima Vitor Mesaque Alves , Barbosa Jacson Rodrigues , Marcacini Ricardo Marcondes 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Context. Analyzing mobile app reviews is essential for identifying trends and issue patterns that impact user experience and app reputation in app stores. A risk matrix provides a simple and intuitive way to prioritize software maintenance actions to reduce negative ratings. However, the manual construction of a risk matrix is time-consuming, and stakeholders work to understand the context of risks due to varied descriptions and review volume.
Objective. There is a need for machine learning-based methods to extract risks and classify their priority. Existing studies have automated risk matrix generation in software development but have not explored app reviews or utilized Large Language Models (LLMs).
Method. To address this gap, we propose using recent LLMs, specifically the OPT model, to automatically construct a risk matrix by extracting information from app reviews, such as features and bugs. We conduct experimental evaluations using reviews from eight mobile apps, generating risk matrices and comparing them with annotated reference matrices.
Results. Results demonstrate that OPT models generate competitive risk matrices with proper prompt optimization.
Conclusions. Our contributions include a dynamic and automatic prompt generation approach for customized instructions, allowing accurate and automated review analysis. We also develop instructions to identify risk severity using zero-shot learning. Additionally, we evaluate how OPT models compare to proprietary language models like GPT, showing the feasibility of LLMs in resource-constrained and sensitive contexts. This study represents a significant step toward improving software maintenance and feature prioritization.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) MSC 68T07 · MSC 68T50 · MSC 68N01 · MSC 68T35
Korzyści z opracowywania i czynniki warunkujące sukces nowych produktów na rynku żywności
Authors: Kaczorowska Joanna 
Published: July 2023

Opracowywanie, wprowadzanie nowych i ulepszanie istniejących produktów jest jednym ze sposobów utrzymania się firm na dynamicznie zmieniającym się rynku żywności. Działania te zwiększają elastyczność i stabilność funkcjonowania, wzmacniają obecną pozycję przedsiębiorstw i stwarzają możliwość ich rozwoju w przyszłości. Skuteczność tych działań zależy od znajomości czynników warunkujących sukces nowych produktów na rynku oraz od wykorzystania tej wiedzy przez przedsiębiorstwa w praktyce
Ewolucja podejścia do jakości żywności oraz podstawowe cechy systemów jakości produktów rolnych i środków spożywczych w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Dobieżyński Krzysztof 
Published: July 2023

Celem pracy jest przybliżenie genezy rozwiązań prawnych w zakresie systemów jakości produktów rolnych i środków spożywczych w UE. Przedstawione zostały również najważniejsze cechy tych systemów, do których należą: chronione nazwy pochodzenia, chronione oznaczenia geograficzne, gwarantowane tradycyjne specjalności oraz produkcja ekologiczna. Obowiązujące regulacje prawne zapewniają systemy jakości produktów rolnych oraz środków spożywczych o charakterze ponadterytorialnym. Konsekwencją ponadterytorialności ochrony jest uniwersalność podstawowych pojęć użytych w obowiązujących aktach prawnych.
Developing Virtual Physics Practicum Module of Optic Based on Guided Inquiry to Improve Students' Science Process Skills
Authors: Bhakti Yoga Budi , Sumarni Ria Asep , Mayanty Sri , Astuti Irnin Agustina Dwi 
Published: July 2023

Science process skills are one of the competencies that must be possessed by students after attending physics learning. Science process skills can be obtained by practicum activities both in person and virtually. However, the availability of virual physics practicum modules is not widely available in schools, even though there are some materials that cannot be done directly. Therefore, a guided inquiry-based virtual practicum module is needed to improve students' science process skills in learning physics. This development research using 4-D method (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). In the development of this module, the researchers only come to the third stage of the four stages. Validation results from experts get an average score of 86% interpretation which means that the module is included in the criteria worthy of use in learning even with the notes of experts to revise some of the components present in this module so that this module complies with existing standards. The results of the analysis of student responses to the practicum module obtained a total average of 85% with the category is "strong." This shows almost all the students gave a positive response to the virtual practicum module based guided inquiry. The development of virtual practicum modules based guided inquiry can improve science process skills of the students, with the average score of students‟ science process skills before using a virtual practicum module based guided inquiry of 2.63 and the average score of students‟ science process skills after using a virtual practicum module based guided inquiry of 3.30
Impact of the Supervisory Role of the international Court of Justice on Security Council Resolutions
Authors: قاسم انمار نايف 
Published: July 2023

It was previously mentioned that in issuing its decisions, the Security Council is governed by legal controls that it must observe in order for its decisions to be legitimate and receive acceptance by the countries concerned with their mplementation. These controls were embodied in two objective and procedural ategories so that its work is consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter and the rules of international law in general, and to ensure This commitment included an aspect of the proposals and projects presented in connection with the reform of the Security Council, the necessity of its decisions being subject to a type of oversight that puts an end to the direction it takes in some of these decisions outside the circle of legitimacy, and supervision ensures that the Security Council does not exceed the powers and powers vested in for him . However, there is a juristic disagreement about determining who is responsible for oversight, some of whom made it the prerogative of the General Assembly, and some of them demanded that the decisions of the Council be subject to Sharia preventive oversight exercised by the International Court of Justice through an advisory opinion, as well as the possibility of the decisions being subject to subsequent control of the Council from Also accepted by the International Court of Justice, in accordance with its jurisdiction.
Since the International Court of Justice is the main judicial organ of the United Nations, the hopes of many countries have been directed towards them, in order to have a role in overseeing the legitimacy of Security Council resolutions, especially countries that are in urgent need of the protection provided by the presence of this oversight.