bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storm Time Electrified MSTIDs Observed Over Mid‐Latitude North America
Authors: Kelley I. J. , Kunduri B. S. R. , Baker J. B. H. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Shepherd S. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMedium‐scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) are prominent and ubiquitous features of the mid‐latitude ionosphere, and are observed in Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) and high‐resolution Global Navigational Satellite Service (GNSS) Total Electron Content (TEC) data. The mechanisms driving these MSTIDs are an open area of research, especially during geomagnetic storms. Previous studies have demonstrated that nightside MSTIDs are associated with an electrodynamic instability mechanism like Perkins, especially during geomagnetically quiet conditions. However, dayside MSTIDs are often associated with atmospheric gravity waves. Very few studies have analyzed the mechanisms driving MSTIDs during strong geomagnetic storms at mid‐latitudes. In this study, we present mid‐latitude MSTIDs observed in de‐trended GNSS TEC data and SuperDARN radars over the North American sector, during a geomagnetic storm (peak Kp reaching 9) on 7–8 September 2017. In SuperDARN, MSTIDs were observed in ionospheric backscatter with Line of Sight (LOS) velocities exceeding 800 m/s. Additionally, radar LOS velocities oscillated with amplitudes reaching ±500 m/s as the MSTIDs passed through the fields‐of‐view. In detrended TEC, these MSTIDs produced perturbations reaching ∼50 percent of background TEC magnitude. The MSTIDs were observed to propagate in the westward/south‐westward direction with a time period of ∼15 min. Projecting de‐trended GNSS TEC data along SuperDARN beams showed that enhancements in TEC were correlated with enhancements in SuperDARN SNR and positive LOS velocities. Finally, SuperDARN LOS velocities systematically switched polarities between the crests and the troughs of the MSTIDs, indicating the presence of polarization electric fields and an electrodynamic instability process during these MSTIDs.
Seismotectonics of the Blanco Transform Fault System, Northeast Pacific: Evidence for an Immature Plate Boundary
Authors: Ren Yu , Lange Dietrich , Grevemeyer Ingo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAt the Blanco transform fault system (BTFS) off Oregon, 138 local earthquakes and 84 double‐couple focal mechanisms from ocean‐bottom‐seismometer recordings jointly discussed with bathymetric features reveal a highly segmented transform system without any prominent fracture zone traces longer than 100 km. In the west, seismicity is focused at deep troughs (i.e., the West and East Blanco, and Surveyor Depressions). In the east, the BTFS lacks a characteristic transform valley and instead developed the Blanco Ridge, which is the most seismically active feature, showing strike‐slip and dip‐slip faulting. Sandwiched between the two main segments of the BTFS is the Cascadia Depression, representing a short intra‐transform spreading segment. Seismic slip vectors reveal that stresses at the eastern BTFS are roughly in line with plate motion. In contrast, stresses to the west are clockwise skewed, indicating ongoing reorganization of the OTF system. As we observed no prominent fracture zones at the BTFS, plate tectonic reconstructions suggest that the BTFS developed from non‐transform offsets rather than pre‐existing transform faults during a series of ridge propagation events. Our observations suggest that the BTFS can be divided into two oceanic transform systems. The eastern BTFS is suggested to be a mature transform plate boundary since ∼0.6 Ma. In contrast, the western BTFS is an immature transform system, which is still evolving to accommodate far‐field stress change. The BTFS acts as a natural laboratory to yield processes governing the development of oceanic transform faults.
Summer Dust Emissions From the Etosha Pan, Namibia: The Role of the Namib Anabatic‐Sea Breeze System
Authors: Clements Matthew , Washington Richard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper utilizes Aerosol Index (AI) data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument, along with ERA5 reanalysis data, to identify atmospheric processes contributing to the uplift of dust from the Etosha Pan through the annual cycle. Etosha is one of the most prominent source areas in the Southern Hemisphere, although very little is known about its meteorology outside of the peak dust season (August–October). Emissions in December (AI = 1.6) are shown to be comparable to those in September (AI = 1.7), the dustiest month in the TOMS record. Unlike in September however, when a nocturnal low‐level jet is the primary emission mechanism, uplift in December is associated with an anabatic‐sea breeze that develops along the Namib coast, and propagates inland to reach Etosha during the evening. The system is a response to the thermal contrast between the elevated interior plateau and the adjacent waters of the cool Benguela Upwelling System, and so is at its strongest during austral summer, when the area of maximum diabatic heating shifts south over southern Africa. Topographic channeling of the flow through the east‐west orientated Hoanib River valley is shown to facilitate the inland propagation of the anabatic‐sea breeze, and explains the persistence of the system at Etosha's latitude. Evening surface winds at Etosha, associated with the anabatic‐sea breeze, are significantly stronger in the dustier December months, when diabatic heating over the subcontinent and hence the zonal thermal gradient are enhanced.
Mid‐Tropospheric Layer Temperature Record Derived From Satellite Microwave Sounder Observations With Backward Merging Approach
Authors: Zou Cheng‐Zhi , Xu Hui , Hao Xianjun , Liu Qian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a new version (v5.0) of the NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) mid‐tropospheric temperature (TMT) time series. This data set uses a backward‐merging approach to intercalibrate 16 satellite‐based microwave sounding records. The instrument observations included those from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) during 1979–2004, Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit‐A (AMSU‐A) during 1998–2017, and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) from 2011 to present. A TMT time series during 2002–present based on satellite microwave observations in stable sun‐synchronous orbits was used as a reference in the backward merging process in which earlier satellites were adjusted and merged to the reference. Observations from earlier satellites were recalibrated to remove their calibration drifting errors relative to the reference using sequential overlapping observations. This included removal of spurious warming drifts in the MSU observations onboard NOAA‐11, NOAA‐12, and NOAA‐14 and a spurious cooling drift in the NOAA‐15 AMSU‐A observations. Temperature changes resulting from diurnal sampling drifts were corrected using an observation‐based semi‐physical model developed in this study. Other adjustments included channel frequency differences between MSU and AMSU‐A companion channels and instrument blackbody warm target effect on observed radiances. These adjustments resulted in inter‐consistent TMT records spanning MSU, AMSU‐A, and ATMS. The merged time series produced a global mean TMT trend of 0.092 ± 0.043 K/decade during 1979–2021 and a total tropospheric trend of 0.142 ± 0.045 K/decade after removal of a stratospheric cooling effect in TMT. Remarkably, the total tropospheric trends during the latest half period were nearly doubled the earlier half period over the global ocean.
Quantifying the Impacts of High‐Resolution Urban Information on the Urban Thermal Environment
Authors: Wang Jie , Miao Shiguang , Doan Quang‐Van , Chen Fei , Abolafia‐Rosenzweig Ronnie , Yang Long , Zhang Guwei , Zhang Yizhou , Dou Jingjing , Xu Youpeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDetailed urban information, including land use/land cover (LULC), anthropogenic heat (AH) release, and urban canopy parameters (UCP), play critical roles in meteorological field simulations. It is particularly relevant for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the single‐layer urban canopy model (SLUCM). Thus, we develop high‐resolution LULC, AH, and UCP data sets for Nanjing, a megacity in China, and conduct a series of numerical experiments with WRF/SLUCM to evaluate the impacts of urban parameters on the urban thermal environment. Model simulations with LULC scenarios have good agreement with the observed 2‐m temperature with a correlation coefficient of around 0.85, and present strong spatial homogeneity due to the more realistic representation of urban categories. The LULC change directly decreases the surface wind speed and increases (decreases) the sensible (latent) heat flux ( ()) in urban areas during the daytime; meanwhile increases and releases ground heat storage () during the nighttime, resulting in urban warming by 0.91°C in urban areas, compared with the control simulation (CTL) that does not take into account urban surfaces. In the LULC experiments combined with the UCP or AH, the UCP change enhances and releases more during nighttime, which increases by 0.13°C relative to LULC simulation. Also, the UCP effect reduces surface roughness and increases the width of the urban canopy, resulting in slightly enhanced wind speed, which is favorable for a warming environment in the urban area; the AH change contributes to increasing by 0.19°C through directly enhancing relative to LULC simulation. AH combined with the UCP further strengthens the UCP effect in the urban area. Overall, the influence of urban parameters on the is more pronounced during nighttime than daytime, which presents a decreasing trend with an increase in wind speed and spatial humidity in the urban area.
Interacting Effects of Precipitation and Potential Evapotranspiration Biases on Hydrological Modeling
Authors: Wang Jiao , Zhuo Lu , Rico‐Ramirez Miguel Angel , Abdelhalim Ahmed , Han Dawei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe quality of precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) data greatly affects the hydrological modeling performance. Considerable attention has been paid to identifying the influence of biased P or PET inputs independently. However, few studies have explored the joint interaction of biases in P and PET inputs on hydrological simulations. Here, we investigate the mutual compensation of P and PET biases on the performance of two widely used conceptual hydrological models, the Xinanjiang model and the Probability Distributed Model. P and PET from HYREX (HYdrological Radar EXperiment) and CAMELS‐GB (Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large‐sample Studies in Great Britain) data sets are collected over five catchments with varying characteristics in Great Britain. Different biases are added to these original time series to generate 6560 biased input scenarios. The results suggest that there is a certain compensational relationship between the biases in P and PET inputs to reproduce desirable streamflow simulations. A new hydrological proxy named Compensational Interaction Angle (CIA) is identified and found to be stationary with various modeling periods, as well as stable with different hydrological models despite model equifinality. Further, the CIA highly relates to the long‐term climate aridity ratio. The catchments with greater aridity have larger CIAs. This study offers a fresh perspective to analyze the input errors in hydrological modeling. The results can help to better understand P and PET interactions in hydrological modeling, and guide the selection/evaluation/bias‐correction of P and PET data sets for hydrological applications.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals an association between small genomic deletions and an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Oh Ji-Hye , Jo Sungyang , Park Kye Won , Lee Eun-Jae , Lee Seung Hyun , Hwang Yun Su , Jeon Ha Ra , Ryu Yeonjin , Yoon Hee Jeong , Chun Sung-Min , Kim Chong Jai , Kim Tae Won , Sung Chang Ohk , Chae Sehyun , Chung Sun Ju 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle-nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been investigated mainly through genome-wide association studies. However, other genomic alterations, including copy number variations, remain less explored. In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of primary (310 PD patients and 100 healthy individuals) and independent (100 PD patients and 100 healthy individuals) cohorts from the Korean population to identify high-resolution small genomic deletions, gains, and SNVs. Global small genomic deletions and gains were found to be associated with an increased and decreased risk of PD development, respectively. Thirty significant locus deletions were identified in PD, with most being associated with an increased PD risk in both cohorts. Small genomic deletions in clustered loci located in the GPR27 region had high enhancer signals and showed the closest association with PD. GPR27 was found to be expressed specifically in brain tissue, and GPR27 copy number loss was associated with upregulated SNCA expression and downregulated dopamine neurotransmitter pathways. Clustering of small genomic deletions on chr20 in exon 1 of the GNAS isoform was detected. In addition, we found several PD-associated SNVs, including one in the enhancer region of the TCF7L2 intron, which exhibited a cis-acting regulatory mode and an association with the beta-catenin signaling pathway. These findings provide a global, whole-genome view of PD and suggest that small genomic deletions in regulatory domains contribute to the risk of PD development.
Circulating MiRNA-21-enriched extracellular vesicles promote bone remodeling in traumatic brain injury patients
Authors: Lin Ze , Xiong Yuan , Sun Yun , Zeng Ruiyin , Xue Hang , Hu Yiqiang , Chen Lang , Liu Guodong , Panayi Adriana C. , Zhou Wu , Cao Faqi , Gao Fei , Mi Bobin , Liu Guohui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFracture combined with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common and serious types of compound trauma in the clinic and is characterized by dysfunction of cellular communication in injured organs. Our prior studies found that TBI was capable of enhancing fracture healing in a paracrine manner. Exosomes (Exos), as small extracellular vesicles, are important paracrine vehicles for noncell therapy. However, whether circulating Exos derived from TBI patients (TBI-Exos) regulate the prohealing effects of fractures remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the biological effects of TBI-Exos on fracture healing and reveal the potential molecular mechanism. TBI-Exos were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and the enriched miR-21-5 p was identified by qRT‒PCR analysis. The beneficial effects of TBI-Exos on osteoblastic differentiation and bone remodeling were determined by a series of in vitro assays. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify the potential downstream mechanisms of the regulatory effect of TBI-Exos on osteoblasts. Furthermore, the role of the potential signaling pathway of TBI-Exos in mediating the osteoblastic activity of osteoblasts was assessed. Subsequently, a murine fracture model was established, and the effect of TBI-Exos on bone modeling was demonstrated in vivo. TBI-Exos can be internalized by osteoblasts, and in vitro, suppression of SMAD7 promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas knockdown of miR-21-5 p in TBI-Exos strongly inhibited this bone-beneficial effect. Similarly, our results confirmed that preinjection of TBI-Exos led to enhanced bone formation, whereas knockdown of exosomal miR-21-5 p substantially impaired this bone-beneficial effect in vivo.
Short-term tamoxifen administration improves hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance through JNK/MAPK in mice
Authors: Fang Zhiqiang , Xu Hao , Duan Juanli , Ruan Bai , Liu Jingjing , Song Ping , Ding Jian , Xu Chen , Li Zhiwen , Dou Kefeng , Wang Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases lacks effective treatment. Tamoxifen has been proven to be the first-line chemotherapy for several solid tumors in clinics, however, its therapeutic role in NAFLD has never been elucidated before. In vitro experiments, tamoxifen protected hepatocytes against sodium palmitate-induced lipotoxicity. In male and female mice fed with normal diets, continuous tamoxifen administration inhibited lipid accumulation in liver, and improved glucose and insulin intolerance. Short-term tamoxifen administration largely improved hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, however, the phenotypes manifesting inflammation and fibrosis remained unchanged in abovementioned models. In addition, mRNA expressions of genes related to lipogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis were downregulated by tamoxifen treatment. Moreover, the therapeutic effect of tamoxifen on NAFLD was not gender or ER dependent, as male and female mice with metabolic disorders shared no difference in response to tamoxifen and ER antagonist (fulvestrant) did not abolish its therapeutic effect as well. Mechanistically, RNA sequence of hepatocytes isolated from fatty liver revealed that JNK/MAPK signaling pathway was inactivated by tamoxifen. Pharmacological JNK activator (anisomycin) partially deprived the therapeutic role of tamoxifen in treating hepatic steatosis, proving tamoxifen improved NAFLD in a JNK/MAPK signaling-dependent manner.
CMV-IgG pre-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the risk for CMV reactivation and mortality
Authors: Eberhardt Kirsten Alexandra , Jung Verena , Knops Elena , Heger Eva , Wirtz Maike , Steger Gertrud , Kaiser Rolf , Affeldt Patrick , Holtick Udo , Klein Florian , Scheid Christof , Di Cristanziano Veronica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) represents one of the most common infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Currently, a common diagnostic test used to stratify the risk for CMV infection in allo-HSCT recipients is the qualitative CMV serology of donor and recipient. A positive serostatus of the recipient is the most important risk factor for CMV reactivation and associated with reduced overall survival post-transplantation (TX). Direct and indirect effects of CMV are involved in the poorer survival outcome. The present study investigated if the quantitative interpretation of anti-CMV IgG before allo-HSCT might serve as a novel parameter for the identification of patients at risk for CMV reactivation and worse outcome post-TX. For this purpose, a cohort of 440 allo-HSCT recipients over a period of 10 years was retrospectively analyzed. Our findings indicated that patients with high CMV IgG pre-allo-HSCT had a higher risk to develop CMV reactivation, including clinically relevant infections, and a worse prognosis 36 months post-allo-HSCT as compared to recipients with low CMV IgG values. In the letermovir (LMV) era, this group of patients might benefit from a closer CMV monitoring, and hence, earlier intervention if needed, especially after discontinuation of prophylaxis.
Mechanotransduction pathways in articular chondrocytes and the emerging role of estrogen receptor-α
Authors: Wang Ning , Lu Yangfan , Rothrauff Benjamin B. , Zheng Aojie , Lamb Alexander , Yan Youzhen , Lipa Katelyn E. , Lei Guanghua , Lin Hang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the synovial joint, mechanical force creates an important signal that influences chondrocyte behavior. The conversion of mechanical signals into biochemical cues relies on different elements in mechanotransduction pathways and culminates in changes in chondrocyte phenotype and extracellular matrix composition/structure. Recently, several mechanosensors, the first responders to mechanical force, have been discovered. However, we still have limited knowledge about the downstream molecules that enact alterations in the gene expression profile during mechanotransduction signaling. Recently, estrogen receptor α (ERα) has been shown to modulate the chondrocyte response to mechanical loading through a ligand-independent mechanism, in line with previous research showing that ERα exerts important mechanotransduction effects on other cell types, such as osteoblasts. In consideration of these recent discoveries, the goal of this review is to position ERα into the mechanotransduction pathways known to date. Specifically, we first summarize our most recent understanding of the mechanotransduction pathways in chondrocytes on the basis of three categories of actors, namely mechanosensors, mechanotransducers, and mechanoimpactors. Then, the specific roles played by ERα in mediating the chondrocyte response to mechanical loading are discussed, and the potential interactions of ERα with other molecules in mechanotransduction pathways are explored. Finally, we propose several future research directions that may advance our understanding of the roles played by ERα in mediating biomechanical cues under physiological and pathological conditions.
Human skin specific long noncoding RNA HOXC13-AS regulates epidermal differentiation by interfering with Golgi-ER retrograde transport
Authors: Zhang Letian , Piipponen Minna , Liu Zhuang , Li Dongqing , Bian Xiaowei , Niu Guanglin , Geara Jennifer , Toma Maria A. , Sommar Pehr , Xu Landén Ning 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfter a skin injury, keratinocytes switch from a state of homeostasis to one of regeneration leading to the reconstruction of the epidermal barrier. The regulatory mechanism of gene expression underpinning this key switch during human skin wound healing is enigmatic. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a new horizon in the understanding of the regulatory programs encoded in the mammalian genome. By comparing the transcriptome of an acute human wound and skin from the same donor as well as keratinocytes isolated from these paired tissue samples, we generated a list of lncRNAs showing changed expression in keratinocytes during wound repair. Our study focused onHOXC13-AS, a recently evolved human lncRNA specifically expressed in epidermal keratinocytes, and we found that its expression was temporally downregulated during wound healing. In line with its enrichment in suprabasal keratinocytes,HOXC13-ASwas found to be increasingly expressed during keratinocyte differentiation, but its expression was reduced by EGFR signaling. AfterHOXC13-ASknockdown or overexpression in human primary keratinocytes undergoing differentiation induced by cell suspension or calcium treatment and in organotypic epidermis, we found thatHOXC13-ASpromoted keratinocyte differentiation. Moreover, RNA pull-down assays followed by mass spectrometry and RNA immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that mechanisticallyHOXC13-ASsequestered the coat complex subunit alpha (COPA) protein and interfered with Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) molecular transport, resulting in ER stress and enhanced keratinocyte differentiation. In summary, we identifiedHOXC13-ASas a crucial regulator of human epidermal differentiation.