bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and Catalytic Behavior of Dendritic Macrocyclic Schiff‐Base Nickel (II) Complexes in Ethylene Oligomerization
Authors: Xue Jingqi , Guo Lijun , Huo Hongliang , Ma Lili , Huang Jin , Li Feng , Li Cuiqin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe functionalized dendrimers play an important role in catalytic application. A dendritic Schiff base macrocyclic compound was designed and synthesized with the 1.0 generation dendrimer polyamidoamine (1.0G PAMAM) and terephthalaldehyde for ethylene oligomerization. The role of solvent in the synthesized process of dendritic macrocyclic Schiff base ligand was studied. Surprisingly, intermolecular or intramolecular cyclization occurred and formed bicyclic Schiff base ligand (Ligand 1) and polycyclic Schiff base ligand (Ligand 2). And their corresponding nickel complexes (Catalyst 1 and Catalyst 2) were also synthesized with NiCl2(DME) as material to be used for ethylene oligomerization. The effects of the reaction parameters and the chemical structure of the ligand on the catalytic behavior were investigated with methyl‐aluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst, and Catalyst 1 and Catalyst 2 displayed the high catalytic activity and the high selectivity for low‐carbon olefin in ethylene oligomerization. Catalyst 2 based on Ligand 2 had a higher catalytic activity of 9.12×104 g (mol Ni h)−1 in ethylene oligomerization because of large dendritic ring in the ligand for ethylene diffusion and mass transfer. Moreover, two synthesized nickel complexes based on dendritic macrocyclic Schiff base ligand had a higher catalytic activity compared with the corresponding dendritic salicylaldehydeimine nickel (II) catalyst.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of New Fluoro and Trifluoromethyl Substituents Containing Chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Nguyen Ha Thanh , Nguyen Van Ha , Hoang Thi Phuong , Thi Tuyet Anh Dang , Le‐Nhat‐Thuy Giang , Nguyen Thi Quynh Giang , Tuan Anh Nguyen , Ba Thi Cham , Tran Quang Hung , Van Nguyen Tuyen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this research, microwave‐assisted “one‐pot” multicomponent reactions have been employed for the synthesis of new chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines containing fluorine atoms. The biological significance of the obtained compounds was highlighted by evaluating in vitro for cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (HepG2, hepatoma carcinoma; MCF7, breast cancer; A549, non‐small lung cancer; KB, epidermoid carcinoma). Interestingly, two compounds revealed significant inhibitory activity against A549 cell line, and showed low toxicity to human embryonic kidney (Hek‐293) cell line. The synthetic efficacy and cytotoxic potency have offered an opportunity to further development of chromeno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines containing fluorine atoms as potential anticancer agents.
Assessment of existing structures in fib modelcode 2020: Solutions and examples
Authors: Walraven Joost , Dieteren Gerrie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor the assessment of concrete structures in the new fib Model Code 2020 (fib MC 2020), three categories are distinguished: (1) the residual capacity of existing structures without damage, (2) the residual capacity of structures suffering deterioration, and (3) the residual capacity of structures with noncompliant details. In the accompanying paper by Walraven and Dieteren in this volume, the backgrounds for this subdivision have been explained, and indications for the assessment of existing concrete structures in those categories have been given. In the actual paper, examples are given how to perform an assessment of concrete structures for the categories mentioned above. These examples have contributed to the formulations of the recommendations proposed for fib MC 2020.
Use of radio‐linked VHF technology to monitor neonate carnivores
Authors: Engebretsen Kristin N. , DeBloois Darren , Young Julie K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFine‐scale monitoring of neonate mammals can provide important data about survival rates and cause‐specific mortality. However, the VHF transmitters and collars frequently used to monitor neonate mammals necessitate logistically intensive field efforts, often requiring personnel to check on collared animals several times a day. We adapted technology that creates a proximity link between GPS collars fitted on adult animals to expandable VHF collars fitted for use on neonate cougar kittens (Puma concolor). We describe and evaluate the use of this system, which resulted in an 87% success rate of tracking kittens from ~5 weeks to 6 months of age. Our experience with these collars suggests that this technology can be used to enhance understanding of neonate survival and to gain information about maternal behavior and time allocation with offspring, providing a new source of data that was previously unobservable.
QCD factorization of quasi generalized gluon distributions
Authors: Ma J. P. , Pang Z. Y. , Zhang C. P. , Zhang G. P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the factorization relations between quasi gluon GPDs and twist-2 GPDs. The perturbative coefficient functions are obtained at one-loop level. They are free from any collinear- or I.R. divergences. Unlike the case of the factorization of quasi quark GPDs at one-loop, we have to add ghost contributions for the factorization of quasi gluon GPDs in order to obtain gauge-invariant results. In general, operators will be mixed beyond tree-level. Our work shows that the mixing pattern of the nonlocal operators in quasi gluon GPDs is the same as those of local operators, i.e., the nonlocal operators considered are mixed with gauge-invariant operators, BRST-variation operators and operators involving EOM operator. The factorization relations are obtained for all quasi gluon GPDs. Taking the forward limit, we also obtain the relations between quasi gluon PDFs and twist-2 PDFs.
More on massive gravitino scattering amplitudes and the unitarity cutoff of the new Fayet-Iliopoulos terms
Authors: Antoniadis Ignatios , Cunat Jules , Guillen Anthony 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We extend the 2 → 2 gravitino scattering amplitude computed in [1] to an arbitrary $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 supergravity model of one chiral and one vector multiplet, in a Minkowski background with supersymmetry breaking driven by both F- and D-terms. We find that the cancellation of the leading term in $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(κ2E4/|m3/2|2), that would lead to a breakdown of perturbative unitarity at a scale Λ ~ MSUSY, is a consequence of the vanishing of the scalar potential at its minimum, which is implied by the flat background. We then analyse the inclusion of the new Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) terms. We find that, since they modify the scalar potential without contributing to the amplitudes, they generically lead to uncanceled leading terms in the latter and a perturbative cutoff at the supersymmetry breaking scale, except for particular cases where the new FI term does not modify the potential at its minimum and the cutoff is pushed up to the Planck scale.
Trends and outcomes of trauma patients positive to marijuana and cocaine
Authors: Roque-Torres José , Ramírez-Martínez Laura , Ramos-Meléndez Ediel O. , García-Rodríguez Omar , Rodríguez-López Agustín , Guerrios Lourdes , Rodríguez-Ortiz Pablo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Substance misuse has long been recognized as a major predisposing risk factor for traumatic injury. However, there still exists no clear scientific consensus regarding the impact of drug use on patient outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the demographic profile, hospital-course factors, and outcomes of trauma patients based on their toxicology.

Methods
This is a non-concurrent cohort study of 3709 patients treated at the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital during 2002–2018. The sample was divided into four groups according to their toxicology status. Statistical techniques used included Pearson’s chi-square test, Spearman correlation, and negative binomial and logistic regressions.

Results
Admission rates for marijuana (rho = 0.87) and marijuana and cocaine positive (rho = 0.68) patients increased. Positive toxicology patients underwent surgery more often than negative testing patients (marijuana: 68.7%, cocaine: 65.6%, marijuana & cocaine: 69.8%, negative: 57.0%). Among patients with non-penetrating injuries, a positive toxicology for cocaine or marijuana was linked to a 48% and 42% increased adjusted risk of complications, 37% and 27% longer TICU LOS, and 32% and 18% longer hospital LOS, respectively.

Conclusion
Our results show an association between positive toxicology for either marijuana, cocaine, or both with higher need for surgery. Additionally, our results show an increase in complications, TICU LOS, and hospital LOS among non-penetrating trauma patients testing positive for marijuana or cocaine. Therefore, this study provides valuable information on the clinical profile of patients with positive toxicology, suggesting they might benefit from more aggressive management.
Clustering of extreme values: estimation and application
Authors: Ferreira Marta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe extreme value theory (EVT) encompasses a set of methods that allow inferring about the risk inherent to various phenomena in the scope of economic, financial, actuarial, environmental, hydrological, climatic sciences, as well as various areas of engineering. In many situations the clustering effect of high values may have an impact on the risk of occurrence of extreme phenomena. For example, extreme temperatures that last over time and result in drought situations, the permanence of intense rains leading to floods, stock markets in successive falls and consequent catastrophic losses. The extremal index is a measure of EVT associated with the degree of clustering of extreme values. In many situations, and under certain conditions, it corresponds to the arithmetic inverse of the average size of high-value clusters. The estimation of the extremal index generally entails two sources of uncertainty: the level at which high observations are considered and the identification of clusters. There are several contributions in the literature on the estimation of the extremal index, including methodologies to overcome the aforementioned sources of uncertainty. In this work we will revisit several existing estimators, apply automatic choice methods, both for the threshold and for the clustering parameter, and compare the performance of the methods. We will end with an application to meteorological data.
The importance of dynamic risk constraints for limited liability operators
Authors: Armstrong John , Brigo Damiano , Tse Alex S. L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious literature shows that prevalent risk measures such as value at risk or expected shortfall are ineffective to curb excessive risk-taking by a tail-risk-seeking trader with S-shaped utility function in the context of portfolio optimisation. However, these conclusions hold only when the constraints are static in the sense that the risk measure is just applied to the terminal portfolio value. In this paper, we consider a portfolio optimisation problem featuring S-shaped utility and a dynamic risk constraint which is imposed throughout the entire trading horizon. Provided that the risk control policy is sufficiently strict relative to the Sharpe ratio of the asset, the trader’s portfolio strategies and the resulting maximal expected utility can be effectively constrained by a dynamic risk measure. Finally, we argue that dynamic risk constraints might still be ineffective if the trader has access to a derivatives market.
Experimental results of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills with and without openings under combined quasi-static in-plane and out-of-plane seismic loading
Authors: Milijaš Aleksa , Marinković Marko , Butenweg Christoph , Klinkel Sven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infills can be encountered all over the world, especially in earthquake prone regions. Although masonry infills are usually not considered in the design process, in the case of seismic loading they are subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. In recent earthquakes it was observed that seismic loads can severely damage masonry infills or even cause their complete collapse, especially when the loads act simultaneously. Due to this, effects of interaction of in-plane and out-of-plane loads on seismic performance of masonry infills have received more attention recently. However, most of studies focus only on fully infilled frames, even though openings, such as windows and doors are essential parts of infills that substantially affect the seismic response of masonry infills. Therefore, this article presents the results of a comprehensive experimental study on nine full-scale traditional masonry RC frames infilled with modern hollow clay bricks for configurations with and without window and door openings under separate, sequential and combined in-plane and out-of-plane loading. Based on the results, a detailed comparison and interpretation for the different infill and loading configurations is presented. The test results clearly show the unfavourable influence of openings and combined loading conditions as well as the importance of the quality of execution of the circumferential mortar joint between infill and frame. The new findings can be used as a basis for the required development of innovative solutions to improve significantly the seismic performance of RC frames with masonry infills.
An in vitro platform for study of the human gut microbiome under an oxygen gradient
Authors: Comolli James , Walsh David I. , Bobrow Johanna , Lennartz Chelsea L. , Guido Nicholas J. , Thorsen Todd 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe complex, dynamic environment of the human lower gastrointestinal tract is colonized by hundreds of bacterial species that impact health and performance. Ex vivo study of the functional interactions between microbial community members in conditions representative of those in the gut is an ongoing challenge. We have developed an in vitro 40-plex platform that provides an oxygen gradient to support simultaneous maintenance of microaerobic and anaerobic microbes from the gut microbiome that can aid in rapid characterization of microbial interactions and direct comparison of individual microbiome samples. In this report, we demonstrate that the platform more closely maintained the microbial diversity and composition of human donor fecal microbiome samples than strict anaerobic conditions. The oxygen gradient established in the platform allowed the stratification and subsequent sampling of diverse microbial subpopulations that colonize microaerobic and anaerobic micro-environments. With the ability to run forty samples in parallel, the platform has the potential to be used as a rapid screening tool to understand how the gut microbiome responds to environmental perturbations such as toxic compound exposure, dietary changes, or pharmaceutical treatments.
Emplaced Partnerships and the Ethics of Care, Recognition and Resilience
Authors: Ryan Annmarie , Geiger Susi , Haugh Helen , Branzei Oana , Gray Barbara L. , Lawrence Thomas B. , Cresswell Tim , Anderson Alastair , Jack Sarah , McKeever Ed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of the SI is to bring to the fore the places in which cross-sector partnerships (CSPs) are formed; how place shapes the dynamics of CSPs, and how CSPs shape the specific settings in which they develop. The papers demonstrate that partnerships and place are intrinsically reciprocal: the morality and materiality inherent in places repeatedly reset the reference points for partners, trigger epiphanies, shift identities, and redistribute capacities to act. Place thus becomes generative of partnerships in the most profound sense: by developing an awareness of their emplacement, CSPs commit to place, and through their place-based commitments produce three intertwined modalities of place-specific ethics that bind CSPs and place: ethic of recognition, an ethic of care, and an ethic of resilience. Our authors have found vivid examples of how emplaced CSPs embody these ethics, signaling hope for the sustainability of our (always hyper-local) life-worlds.
Employee Ethical Silence Under Exploitative Leadership: The Roles of Work Meaningfulness and Moral Potency
Authors: Wang Zhining , Ren Shuang , Chadee Doren , Chen Yuhang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEmployees remaining silent about ethical aspects of work or organization-related issues, termed employee ethical silence, perpetuates misconduct in today’s business setting. However, how and why it occurs is not yet well specified in the business ethics literature, which is insufficient to manage corporate misconducts. In this research, we investigate how and when exploitative leadership associates with employee ethical silence. We draw from the conservation of resources theory to theorize and test a cognitive resource pathway (i.e., work meaningfulness) and a moral resource pathway (i.e., moral potency) to explain the association between exploitative leadership and employee ethical silence. Results from two studies largely support our hypotheses that work meaningfulness and moral potency mediate the effect of exploitative leadership on ethical silence contingent on performance reward expectancy. Theoretical and practical implications are thoroughly discussed in the paper.
Analysis and Intuition Effectiveness in Moral Problems
Authors: Julmi Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere has been a longstanding controversy in research as to whether moral judgment is the result of an analytical or an intuitive process. Today, researchers increasingly recognize that moral judgments can be the result of both intuition and analysis, and that the two paths can lead to different results. This raises the question as to which of the two processes leads to a better moral judgment. The article develops a typology of moral problems depending on their moral uncertainty and moral equivocality and links the derived types with analysis and intuition effectiveness. The typology considers four types of moral problems: compliance problems (low uncertainty, low equivocality), professional ethics problems (high uncertainty, low equivocality), conformity problems (low uncertainty, high equivocality) and ethical dilemmas (high uncertainty, high equivocality). The article argues that compliance and professional ethics problems are best solved analytically, whereas intuition is assumed to be more suitable for conformity problems and ethical dilemmas. Moreover, the article shows that it is not sufficient to contrast intuition with analysis alone. The higher the moral uncertainty, the more important the interplay of intuition and analysis becomes in making moral judgments.
Values and Value Conflicts in the Context of OSINT Technologies for Cybersecurity Incident Response: A Value Sensitive Design Perspective
Authors: Riebe Thea , Bäumler Julian , Kaufhold Marc-André , Reuter Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe negotiation of stakeholder values as a collaborative process throughout technology development has been studied extensively within the fields of Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Human-Computer Interaction. Despite their increasing significance for cybersecurity incident response, there is a gap in research on values of importance to the design of open-source intelligence (OSINT) technologies for this purpose. In this paper, we investigate which values and value conflicts emerge due to the application and development of machine learning (ML) based OSINT technologies to assist cyber security incident response operators. For this purpose, we employ a triangulation of methods, consisting of a systematic survey of the technical literature on the development of OSINT artefacts for cybersecurity (N = 73) and an empirical value sensitive design case study, comprising semi-structured interviews with stakeholders (N = 9) as well as a focus group (N = 7) with developers. Based on our results, we identify implications relevant to the research on and design of OSINT artefacts for cybersecurity incident response.
Why do people represent time as dynamical? An investigation of temporal dynamism and the open future
Authors: Latham Andrew J. , Miller Kristie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeflationists hold that it does not seem to us, in experience, as though time robustly passes. There is some recent empirical evidence that appears to support this contention. Equally, empirical evidence suggests that we naïvely represent time as dynamical. Thus deflationists are faced with an explanatory burden. If, as they maintain, the world seems to us in experience as though it is non-dynamical, then why do we represent time as dynamical? This paper takes up the challenge of investigating, on the part of the deflationist, one candidate explanation. We hypothesise that people’s belief that the future is what we calldeliberatively openpartly explains why they represent time as dynamical. In a series of two experiments we test this hypothesis. We find no evidence that beliefs about deliberative openness explain why people represent time as dynamical. Hence there remains an explanatory burden for the deflationist to discharge.
Bare statistical evidence and the legitimacy of software-based judicial decisions
Authors: Schmidt Eva , Sesing-Wagenpfeil Andreas , Köhl Maximilian A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCan the evidence provided by software systems meet the standard of proof for civil or criminal cases, and is it individualized evidence? Or, to the contrary, do software systems exclusively provide bare statistical evidence? In this paper, we argue that there are cases in which evidence in the form of probabilities computed by software systems is not bare statistical evidence, and is thus able to meet the standard of proof. First, based on the case of State v. Loomis, we investigate recidivism predictions provided by software systems used in the courtroom. Here, we raise problems for software systems that provide predictions that are based on bare statistical evidence. Second, by examining the case of People v. Chubbs, we argue that the statistical evidence provided by software systems in cold hit DNA cases may in some cases suffice for individualized evidence, on a view on which individualized evidence is evidence that normically supports the relevant proposition (Smith, in Mind 127:1193–1218, 2018).
Mechanical Choices: A Compatibilist Libertarian Response
Authors: List Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMichael S. Moore defends the ideas of free will and responsibility, especially in relation to criminal law, against several challenges from neuroscience. I agree with Moore that morality and the law presuppose a commonsense understanding of humans as rational agents, who make choices and act for reasons, and that to defend moral and legal responsibility, we must show that this commonsense understanding remains viable. Unlike Moore, however, I do not think that classical compatibilism, which is based on a conditional understanding of the ability to do otherwise, provides a sufficiently robust account of free will, even when it is amended as Moore suggests. I argue that free will and responsibility can be defended more robustly by observing that, at the level of agency, there can be alternative possibilities and mental causation in a stronger sense than recognized by classical compatibilism, even if physical determinism is true. Moore’s arguments could thus be strengthened by embracing this compatibilist libertarian position. At the same time, I note that, although the idea of responsibility is robustly defensible, there are independent reasons for rejecting a retributivist approach to punishment.