bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 1:1 matched case-control study: Are thyroid nodules related to iodine nutrition? Can Tg serve as a functional biomarker for thyroid nodules?
Authors: Lin Qingying , Wang Muhua , Chen Diqun , Wu Jiani , Lan Ying , Wang Lijin , Jin Qingdong , Chen Yanqing , Chen Zhihui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background:To eliminate the harm induced by iodine deficiency, a strategy of universal salt iodization (USI) is adopted. During this period, it shows a significant increasing trend in the prevalence of thyroid nodules, resulting in shining a spotlight on whether thyroid nodules are related to the level of iodine nutrition. In this study, a 1:1 matched case-control study is conducted to investigate whether thyroid nodules are related to the level of iodine nutrition and whether there are differences in thyroid function indicators. And other influencing factors of thyroid nodules are further explored.
Methods:Villages with median urinary iodine (MUI) <100μg/L, 100-199μg/L, and 200-299μg/L in general population were selected as the survey sites. The residents who have lived there for more than 5 years with thyroid nodules tested by B-ultrasound were the case group, while those without nodules found by B-ultrasound examination were the control group that matched 1:1 with the case group by age (±3 years), gender and region. All subjects completed questionnaires, collected blood and urine samples to detect the thyroid function indicators and urinary iodine concentration.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the MUI between the case group and the control group in the areas with adequate iodine intake, the areas with mild iodine deficiency(P>0.05); The MUI of the case group in the areas where iodine intake was more than adequate was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05); The case group’s levels of Tg and FT4 in both areas with mild iodine deficiency and more than adequate iodine intake were higher than those of the control group, whereas only the level of Tg of the case group was higher than that of the control group in the areas with adequate iodine intake, meaning that the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); Other indicators had no statistical significance. The conditional Logistic regression model fitted by Enter method resulted that there were statistically significant correlations between history of thyroid disorders, Tg, TgAb and thyroid nodules.
Conclusions: On the one hand, there was no statistical correlation between the iodine nutrition and thyroid nodules in the areas with adequate iodine intake and areas with mild iodine deficiency. On the other hand, in the areas with more than adequate iodine intake, the urine iodine concentration in the nodule group was lower than that in the non-nodule group, which indicates that when the urine iodine concentration is 200-299 μg/L, a slight increase in urinary iodine may help inhibit the occurrence of nodules. History of thyroid disorders and increased Tg and TgAb levels were risk factors for thyroid nodules. Tg can serve as a functional biomarker for thyroid nodules.
Electromagnetic Field-enhanced Novel Tubular Electrocoagulation Cell for Effective and Low-power Treatment of Beet Sugar Industry Wastewater
Authors: Fadali Olfat A. , Ali Rasha H. , Nassar Mamdouh M. , Mahmoud Mohamed S. , Abdel-Aty Marwa M. , Barakat Nasser A. M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To enhance the treatment of real industrial wastewater effluents, a new design of an electromagnetic field-enhanced electrochemical cell consisting of a tubular screen roll anode and two cathodes (an inner and outer cathode) has been used. The treatment of real beet sugar mill effluent by the electrocoagulation process has been studied. The cell has a uniform current distribution, a low IR drop, and good mixing. Different parameters have been investigated, like: current density (CD), effluent concentration, NaCl concentration, rpm, number of screen layers per anode, and the effect of the addition of an electromagnetic field. The results showed that, under the optimum conditions of CD at 3.13 Am− 2, two screens per anode, NaCl concentration of 12 g/L, and rotation speed at 120 rpm, the percentage of color removal was 85. 5% and the electrical energy consumption was 3.595 kWhm− 3. In addition, the presence of electromagnetic field enhanced the energy consumption for the wastewater treatment by accelerating the coagulation step as indicated by simulation results. Numerically, applying the magnetic field resulted in performing a color removal efficiency of 97.7% using a power consumption of 2.569 KWh/m3 which is considered a distinct achievement in industrial wastewater treatment process. This design has proven to be a promising one for continuous treatment of industrial effluents and to be a possible competent to the currently available techniques due to the high removal efficiency and low energy consumption.
Statistical learning in visual search: ‘contextual cueing’ reflects the acquisition of an optimal, ‘one-for-all’ oculomotor scanning strategy
Authors: Seitz Werner , Zinchenko Artyom , Müller Hermann , Geyer Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Detecting a target in visual search becomes more efficient over time when it is encountered repeatedly at a fixed location within a stable distractor arrangement (spatial ‘context’), compared to non-repeated contexts. The standard account attributes this contextual-cueing effect to the acquisition of display-specific long-term memories, which, when activated by the current display, ‘cue’ attention to the target location. Our alternative, ‘procedural-optimization’ account posits that contextual facilitation arises from the acquisition of generic oculomotor scanning strategies that are optimized with respect to the entire set of displays, with frequently searched displays accruing greater weight in the optimization. To decide between these alternatives, we examined novel measures of the similarity, across time-on-task, of the spatio-temporal sequences of fixations through repeated and non-repeated displays. We found scanpath similarity to increase generally with learning, but more for repeated versus non-repeated displays. This pattern contradicts display-specific guidance, but supports ‘one-for-all’ scanpath optimization.
Semantic Web-based Collaborative Design System in Cloud Computing Environment
Authors: Di Jing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The integration and remoteness of mobile terminals, as well as local area network-based office issues, have basically been solved, that is, a solution established on the basis of a cloud service collaborative platform, which can be implemented between various service systems. Each place enters the office system at all times to process related business, which improves the overall efficiency of our company's collaboration, and each information management system is no longer an information island. Technically, this article provides the possibility for the implementation of the system, and analyzes in detail the business requirements, performance requirements and functional modules of the system. In addition, it briefly introduces the requirements for the key technical means used. This system implements many functions, such as separation of front-end and back-end management, isolation of low compliance, processing large amounts of data, and so on. In addition, this collaborative office platform greatly improves office efficiency, strengthens information sharing, and reduces workload. In addition, it breaks the boundaries of time and space and realizes the unified management of information and data.
Co-evolution of plant disease resistance NLR genes and their DNA methylation
Authors: Cao Qianqian , Wang Shichao , Ma Huizhen , Luo Sha , He Hai , Zhang Yu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We explored the phylogenomics and methylomics of NLR genes in 41 plant species and found that the expansion and diversification of plant NLR genes are co-evolved with their DNA methylation.
Air Bubble Size and its Transitions in a Horizontal Tube Produced by Venturi-Nozzle Bubble Generator
Authors: Goo W. H. , Ganesan P. B. , Yong K. W. , Ahmad M. Y. , Yau Y. H. , Hamad F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the air bubble size and its transitions in a horizontal tube of 700 mm. The tube is assembled with a bubble generator. The present study varies the flow-rates of water and air. The data collection mainly uses a high speed camera to capture the bubbles at different distances along the horizontal tube. Image processing uses MATLAB for evaluating the bubble size. The data interpretation uses Yw dimensionless parameter in representing the level of the bubbles vertical rise in the horizontal tube. The bubble generator produces bubbles in the range of 0.8-3.1 mm at the inlet of horizontal tube using water flow-rates (Qw) of 120-170 litre per min (LPM) and air flow-rates (Qa) of 2-10 LPM. The diameter of the bubble increases as it moves horizontally from the inlet to the outlet of the horizontal tube and this finding is statistically significant. The bubble vertical rise is visually obvious and has been quantified along the horizontal tube. The YW increases axially from 41 % to 89 % from the inlet to outlet of the horizontal tube. The YW increases when either the Qa or Qw is reduced. The findings from this study give a fundamental insight into bubbles dynamics behaviour in its horizontal transition.
Prediction of Coronary Artery Lesions in Children with Kawasaki Syndrome Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Tang Yaqi , Du Zhanhui , Wang Zheqi , Liu Yuhai , Pan Silin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
The most serious complication of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is coronary artery lesions (CAL). About 20%-25% of KS will develop into severe CAL without intervention. Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), which integrates complex data sets on a large scale and uses huge data to predict future events. Besides, computers can reveal new relationships that doctors may not easy to find. The present study presented a model to predict the risk of CAL in KS children by different algorithms to achieve the early diagnosis of CAL.
Methods
A total of 158 children were enrolled from Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University and divided into 7 to 3 as the training sets and the test sets for modeling and validation studies. The clinical manifestations and auxiliary examinations were collected as input features in our models based on the latest 6th edition diagnostic guidelines. Prior to applying the algorithm to modeling, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to achieve dimension reduction for eliminating the high correlation between features and the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) for promoting accuracy. There are several classifiers are constructed for models including the Random Forest (RF), the Logical regression (LG), and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost).
Results
The sensitivity and specificity of RF were 0.8 and 0.906, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.972. For LG, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.6 and 0.976. The XGBoost were 0.2 and 0.953, respectively.
Conclusion
Models are established through three different algorithms to achieve the best sensitivity and specificity. The RF was superior to other methods, which provides a reference for the prevention of CAL.
Training healthcare professionals to be ready for practice in an era of social distancing: A realist evaluation
Authors: Lefroy Janet , Bialan Jessica , Moult Alice , Hay Fiona , Stapleton Claire , Thompson Jessica , Diggory Kate , Mustafa Nageen , Farrington Julia , Aynsley Sarah A , Jacklin Simon , Winterton Adam , Cope Natalie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Programme changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted variably on preparation for practice of healthcare professional students. Explanations for such variability in outcomes between institutions and healthcare professions have yet to be explored. The aim of our study was to understand what clinical learning, whilst under socially distanced restrictions, worked and why (or why not).
Methods
We conducted a realist evaluation of the undergraduate healthcare programmes at one UK university in 2020-21. The initial programme theories to be tested in this study were derived from discussions with programme leads about the changes they implemented due to the pandemic. Study participants were students and teaching faculty. Online interview transcripts were coded, identifying why the interventions in the programme had worked or not. This resulted in a set of ‘context-mechanism-outcome’ (CMO) statements about each intervention. The initial programme theories were refined as a result.
Results and discussion
29 students and 22 faculty members participated.
18 CMO configurations were identified relating to clinical skills learning and 25 relating to clinical placements. Clinical skills learning was successful whether in person, remote or hybrid if it followed the steps of: demonstration – explanation – mental rehearsal – attempt with feedback. Where it didn’t work there was usually a lack of observation and corrective feedback. Placements were generally highly valued despite gaps in experience. Being useful on placements was felt to be good preparation for practice. Participant explanations from junior students about the value of various modes of induction to clinical workplace activity may also be relevant post-pandemic.
Six-component seismic monitoring of a high-rise building
Authors: Qin Linpeng , Wang Yun , Chen Chang , Wei Yongxiang , Liao Chunqi , Zhang Yi , Wan Wentao , Shao Quanyang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We report seismic observations and studies on a high-rise building deployed with six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) seismometers. By analyzing the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) of translational components, five resonant modes within 2 Hz are identified. By analyzing the improved rotational vertical-to-horizontal spectral ratios (RVHSRs) of rotational components, three torsional resonant modes are identified; two torsional resonant modes are consistent with those of the translational records, while the higher frequency mode is not observed in the translational motions. Continuous 6C seismic observations over 70 days indicate that the various resonant frequencies of high-rise buildings are related to multiple factors, such as human activity and rainfall levels. The most interesting phenomenon is that three translational resonant modes exhibit diurnal variations; two torsional resonant modes do not have the same trend as translational resonances, which indicates that the translational and torsional resonant modes of the building possibly have different physical mechanisms. In addition, analyses of ambient noises with the directional HVSR method and analyses of vibration caused by earthquakes commonly show that building vibration is directional; furthermore, there are nonpositive correlations of displacements between the middle and top floors of the high-rise building under multiple earthquake events. The nonlinear response of the high-rise building concerning the height is consistent with the responses reported in former studies.
Dynamic Weight-Based Connectivity Recovery in Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks
Authors: Chiang Mao-Lun , Hsieh Hui-Ching , Lin Tzu-Ling , Chang Tsui-Ping , Chen Hong-Wei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Wireless sensors and actor networks (WSANs) have been widely used in various fields, from basic data collection to precise real-time control and monitoring, including battlefield monitoring, rescue, and exploration. The actor nodes in a WSAN play a key role in processing and transmitting data, and because of the harsh environmental conditions encountered, network node failures are prone to occur. The failure of an actor causes a loss of connectivity with its neighbor nodes, resulting in network splits and failure to deliver messages between nodes. Therefore, determining how to quickly and autonomously recover network connectivity while minimizing the moving distance of backup nodes and the number of relocated nodes is crucial. In this paper, we propose a dynamic weight-based connectivity recovery (DWCR) method to minimize the total moving distance of actor nodes, the number of relocated nodes, the total messages sent, and the coverage loss rate. The proposed DWCR method involves selecting a backup node for each critical node by dynamically adjusting the weight. If a critical node fails, the backup node starts to move to restore the connectivity of the failed node. The simulation results indicate that the proposed DWCR method outperforms the recovery through inward motion (RIM) method and other methods in terms of minimizing the total moving distance, the number of relocated nodes, and the total messages sent. However, because the RIM algorithm requires the relocation of more nodes during the network process, the DWCR algorithm is slightly inferior to the RIM algorithm in terms of coverage loss rate. Nevertheless, the DWCR algorithm still outperforms the DARA and DCRMF algorithms.
Evaluation of dietary microencapsulated synbiotic Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 1UB, Bacillus NP5, and mannan-oligosaccharides to prevent Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei
Authors: Pardede Maria Agustina , Widanarni Widanarni , Sukenda Sukenda , Yuhana Munti 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the different effects of dietary microencapsulated synbiotics on the growth, intestinal histological, immune responses, and gut microbiota diversity of white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. Five different feed treatments use to feed experimental shrimp for eight weeks, namely SBM (1% Bacillus NP5 108 CFU g-1 and 0.4% MOS (Mannan oligosaccharides)), SPM (1% Pseudoalteromonas piscicida 1Ub 108 CFU g-1 and 0.4% MOS), and SBPM (0.5% Bacillus NP5 108 CFU g-1, 0.5%, P. piscicida 1Ub 108 CFU g-1 and 0.4% MOS) and the controls without synbiotic administration consisted of the positive control (PC) and the negative control (NC). Pacific white shrimp from all treatments, except NC, were challenged with 106 CFU mL-1 Vibrio parahaemolyticus, injected intramuscularly. This study performed an in vitro test and showed that P. piscicida 1Ub could utilize MOS as a prebiotic (synergistic effects). The results showed that dietary synbiotics with different effects for 60 days resulted in higher growth performance, gut microbiota diversity, intestinal histological, and immune responses compared to controls (p<0.05). Dietary synbiotics with synergistic effects also affected the intestinal microflora composition. The abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bacillus, Glycomyces, and Weissella, is more found in SPM and SBPM treatment compared to other groups. After the challenge test, SPM and SBPM treatment showed significantly higher levels of immune response than positive controls (PC). SPM and SBPM treatment (synbiotics with synergistic effects) significantly showed the highest survival rate (SR) compared to other treatments.
Short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Zhang Chenggang , Yu Jiaxian , Jiang Qi , Shen Qian , Mao Gan , Kargbo Abu , Liu Weizhen , Zeng Xiangyu , Zhang Peng , Yin Yuping , Tao Kaixiong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: The long-term outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are ambiguous because of limited evidence.
Methods:The clinicopathological data of locally advanced gastric cancer patients with clinical stage of cT2-4a/N1-3/M0 who underwent gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively examined. The short- and long-term effects of the laparoscopic gastrectomy group and open gastrectomy group were compared after propensity score matching.
Results:This study enrolled 148 cases, of which 110 cases were included after propensity score matching. The laparoscopic gastrectomy group had shorter postoperative first flatus time and shorter postoperative first liquid diet time than the open gastrectomy group. There were no significant differences in 3-year relapse-free survival (P = 0.888) and overall survival (P = 0.432) between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the absence of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.009) was an independent risk factor for relapse-free survival. Tumor size ≥4 cm after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.014) and absence of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for overall survival.
Conclusions:Laparoscopic gastrectomy can serve as an alternative surgical method for locally advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in consideration of its better postoperative gastrointestinal recovery and comparable long-term outcomes.
The Patients’ Experience of Neuroimaging of Primary Brain Tumours: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Wamelink Ivar J.H.G. , Hempel Hugo L. , de Giessen Elsmarieke van , Vries Mark H.M. , Hamer Philip de Witt , Barkhof Frederik , Keil Vera C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To gain insight into how patients with primary brain tumors experience MRI, follow-up protocols, and gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) use.
Methods
Primary brain tumor patients answered a survey after their MRI exam. Questions were analyzed to determine trends in patients’ experience regarding the scan itself, follow-up frequency, and the use of GBCAs. Subgroup analysis was performed on sex, lesion grade, age, and the number of scans. Subgroup comparison was made using the Pearson chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U-test for categorical and ordinal questions, respectively.
Results
Of the 100 patients, 93 had a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis, and seven were considered to have a slow-growing low-grade tumor after multidisciplinary assessment and follow-up. 61/100 patients were male, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 44 ± 14 years and 46 ± 13 years for the females. Fifty-nine patients had low-grade tumors. Patients consistently underestimated the number of their previous scans. 92% of primary brain tumor patients did not experience the MRI as bothering and 78% would not change the number of follow-up MRIs. 63% of the patients would prefer GBCA-free MRI scans if diagnostically equally accurate. Women found the MRI and receiving intravenous access significantly more uncomfortable than men (p=0.003). Age, diagnosis, and the number of previous scans had no relevant impact on the patient experience.
Conclusion
Patients with primary brain tumors experienced current neuro-oncological MRI practice as positive. Especially women would, however, prefer GBCA-free imaging if diagnostically equally accurate. Patient knowledge of GBCAs was limited, indicating improvable patient information.