bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reasons for hospitalisation in youth with type 1 diabetes, 2010–2019
Authors: Tomic Dunya , Craig Maria E. , Magliano Dianna J. , Shaw Jonathan E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo determine the incidence of hospitalisation for all diagnoses among Australian youth with type 1 diabetes.MethodsWe linked Australians aged under 20 years with type 1 diabetes on the National Diabetes Services Scheme (n = 45,685) to hospital admission data from 2010 to 2019. We determined relative risks (RR) of hospitalisation among those with type 1 diabetes in the states of Victoria and Queensland (n = 21,898) compared to the general population for 2010–2017 using Poisson regression.ResultsAustralian youth with type 1 diabetes had increased risk for almost all reasons for hospitalisation compared to the general population, especially infections such as anogenital herpesviral infections (RR 54.83, 95% CI 33.21–90.53), and mental health disorders including personality disorders (RR 9.70, 95% CI 8.02–11.72). Among those with type 1 diabetes, over 60% of hospitalisations were directly related to diabetes, almost half of which were for ketoacidosis. Approximately 15% of ketoacidosis admissions occurred within 3 months of diabetes diagnosis. One quarter of those with admissions for ketoacidosis were readmitted for ketoacidosis within 12 months. Residence in areas of high socio‐economic disadvantage was an independent risk factor for admission and readmission for ketoacidosis.ConclusionsYouth with type 1 diabetes are susceptible to a wide range of complications. Clinicians should consider screening and prevention for conditions such as infections and mental health disorders. Targeted support and education around glycaemic management should be considered in those at high risk for ketoacidosis admission including those living in areas of high socio‐economic disadvantage.
The performance of K6 as a screening tool for mood disorders: A population‐based study of the São Paulo metropolitan area
Authors: Bruzeguini Meirielli Vieira , Corassa Rafael Bello , Wang Yuan‐Pang , Andrade Laura Helena , Sarti Thiago Dias , Viana Maria Carmen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThe use of screening instruments allows the detection of psychological and behavioural manifestations there are often not identified in users of health services. We evaluated the performance of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) in identifying mood disorders (MD), using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) as gold‐standard, in a population‐based sample (n = 5037) of adult residents of metropolitan São Paulo.MethodsSensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were calculated to assess the performance of K6 in detecting 30‐day CIDI MD. All cut‐points for each disorder were analysed using the Youden index and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the best cut‐points were identified. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency.ResultsIn total, 5.5% respondents screened positive for any MD (95% IC 4.84–6.14). A good detection performance was observed for all MD, with AUC values for any MD of 0.91 (95% IC 0.89–0.92), ranging from 0.80 (95% CI 0.71–0.98) for minor depression to 0.93 (95% CI 0.87–0.98) for bipolar I disorder. Best cut‐points for each MD were identified, with overall sensitivity and specificity of 88.8% and 80.2%, respectively. Cronbach's alpha was 0.83.ConclusionsK6 is a good screening tool for MD in the Brazilian population. It is a brief and easy to use instrument that can promote the early identification and treatment of MD, reducing the burden of mental illness.
Retroperitoneoscopy of the presacral space in horses: Surgical access and anatomy
Authors: Meurice Antoine , Pujol Raymond , De Fourmestraux Claire , Coquillon Morgane , Tessier Caroline 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical approaches to the equine rectum and perirectal area are described in the literature. However, surgeries in this region can be challenging.ObjectiveTo describe the surgical anatomy of the presacral space and to evaluate its access using a retroperitoneoscopic approach.Study designEx vivo experiment.MethodsPreliminary dissections were performed in two cadavers to define the boundaries of the presacral space and to determine portal locations for the surgical approach. After that, nine cadavers were used for experimental presacral retroperitoneoscopic procedure in a standing position. Following retroperitoneoscopy, cadavers were dissected to confirm the anatomical structures observed during the endoscopic procedures, to control the location of each portal and to record iatrogenic trauma.ResultsThe presacral space was bordered by the vertebral column from the ventral aspect of lumbosacral promontorium to the first coccygeal vertebra dorsally and by the presacral fascia and peritoneum ventrally. Lateral limits were composed of the sacrosciatic ligament and transversalis fascia. Cranial and caudal borders were composed of the peritoneum and coccygeal and levator ani muscles respectively. Retroperitoneoscopic portals were placed between the external anal sphincter and semimembranosus muscles and between the base of the tail and the external anal sphincter muscle through the anococcygeal fascia to enter the space by its caudal border. The retroperitoneal space was reached in all cases and the dorsal and lateral aspects of the rectum were visualised after creation of a working space.Main limitationsUse of cadaver specimens do not permit to evaluate the tolerance in living animals and the surgical complications such as rectal damage, haemorrhage and infection.ConclusionThis study provides an anatomical description and surgical access of the presacral space with a minimal invasive approach. Retroperitoneoscopy allows access to the rectum and the dorsal aspect of the pelvis.
Motherhood or marriage penalty? A comparative perspective on employment and wage in East Asia and Western countries
Authors: Kang Ji Young , Lee Wonjin , Ham Sunyu , Wang Julia Shu‐Huah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined cross‐national variations in marriage and motherhood penalties between Western and East Asian countries.BackgroundLittle is known about how and to what extent motherhood affects women's labor market outcomes in East Asia compared to Western welfare countries. We examine employment, wage, and labor income with regard to the motherhood penalty.MethodWe selected the five countries of Finland, Germany, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States and applied probit and Heckman selection models using Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Wave IX and Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey data.ResultsVariations between Western countries and East Asian welfare states are highlighted. Married mothers with children in East Asian countries are greatly disadvantaged in employment compared to those in Western countries. Having a child is associated with lower labor income and wages by 2.9% to 4.5% across the countries, but we do not find a significant association in Germany and Korea.ConclusionWomen experience various dimensions of motherhood penalties across countries. East Asian women are more likely to face both marriage and motherhood penalties than others.ImplicationMarriage and motherhood in East Asian countries should be understood differently from those in Western contexts. Marriage and motherhood are life events that are associated with women's employment decisions and work opportunities in East Asian countries.
A life prediction model for rolling contact fatigue based on the improved moment of load path method
Authors: Zhao Yue , Wang Xi , Sun Shouguang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn improved moment of load path model for rolling contact fatigue life prediction is proposed in this paper. First, the complex multiaxial stress variation of the subsurface materials under rolling contact conditions was analyzed by the finite element method. Next, the equivalent stress parameter was presented to characterize the complex stress state based on the improved moment of load path method. The key concept of the proposed method is building a new coordinate system for analyzing the load path of the complex multiaxial stress state. The efficiency of the proposed model was validated with different kinds of fatigue test results in the existing literature. The model results show a good agreement with the test data. Finally, the model was used to obtain the relationship of the Hertz stress versus fatigue life under rolling contact conditions according to the fatigue life data.
Transient demographic dynamics of recovering fish populations shaped by past climate variability, harvest, and management
Authors: Goto Daisuke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale commercial harvesting and climate‐induced fluctuations in ocean properties shape the dynamics of marine populations as interdependent drivers at varied timescales. Persistent selective removals of larger, older members of a population can distort its demographic structure, eroding resilience to fluctuations in habitat conditions and thus amplifying volatility in transient dynamics. Many historically depleted marine fish stocks have begun showing signs of recovery in recent decades following the implementation of stricter management measures. But these interventions coincide with accelerated changes in the oceans triggered by increasingly warmer, more variable climates. Applying multilevel models to annual estimates of demographic metrics of 38 stocks comprising 11 species across seven northeast Atlantic ecoregions, this study explores how time‐varying local and regional climates contributed to the transient dynamics of recovering populations exposed to variable fishing pressures moderated by management actions. Analyses reveal that progressive reductions in fishing pressure and shifting climate conditions discontinuously shaped rebuilding patterns of the stocks through restorations of maternal demographic structure (reversing age truncation) and reproductive capacity. As the survival rate and demographic structure of reproductive fish improved, transient growth became less sensitive to variability in recruitment and juvenile survival and more to that in adult survival. As the biomass of reproductive fish rose, recruitment success also became increasingly regulated by density‐dependent processes involving higher numbers of older fish. When reductions in fishing pressure were insufficient or delayed, however, stocks became further depleted, with more eroded demographic structures. Although warmer local climates in spawning seasons promoted recruitment success in some ecoregions, changing climates in recent decades began adversely affecting reproductive performances overall, amplifying sensitivities to recruitment variability. These shared patterns underscore the value of demographic transients in developing robust strategies for managing marine resources. Such strategies could form the foundation for effective applications of adaptive measures resilient to future environmental change.
Safety and efficacy of ubrogepant for the acute treatment of perimenstrual migraine attacks: A post hoc analysis
Authors: MacGregor E. Anne , Hutchinson Susan , Lai Hongxin , Dabruzzo Brett , Yu Sung Yun , Trugman Joel M. , Ailani Jessica 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of ubrogepant for the acute treatment of perimenstrual migraine (pmM) attacks.BackgroundUbrogepant is an oral calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonist approved for the acute treatment of migraine in adults.MethodsAfter completing one of two phase 3 trials, participants could enroll in a phase 3, 52‐week, open‐label, long‐term safety extension trial and were re‐randomized 1:1:1 to usual care, ubrogepant 50 mg, or ubrogepant 100 mg. This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy of ubrogepant in a subset of women who treated ≥1 pmM or non‐pmM attack with ubrogepant. A pmM attack started on or between 2 days before and the first 3 days of menstrual bleeding. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) percentages of ubrogepant‐treated attacks achieving 2‐h pain freedom and pain relief were reported, with outcomes weighted equally by participant.ResultsOf 734 women in the modified intent‐to‐treat population, 354 reported ≥1 menstrual cycle start date and a ubrogepant‐treated headache day in the same month. A qualifying pmM and non‐pmM attack was reported by 278 and 716 women, respectively. Pain freedom at 2 h was achieved in a mean (SD) of 28.7% (37.4) of pmM attacks and 22.1% (26.9) of non‐pmM attacks treated with ubrogepant 50 mg (p = 0.054) and 29.7% (35.2) versus 25.3% (26.3) of attacks treated with ubrogepant 100 mg (p = 0.757). No difference was found in the mean percentage of ubrogepant‐treated pmM and non‐pmM attacks that achieved 2‐h pain relief with ubrogepant 50 mg (64.8% [39.9] vs. 65.2% [32.4]; p = 0.683) and with 100 mg (67.1% [37.4] vs. 68.4% [30.2]; p = 0.273). Treatment‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events were reported by 8.8% (12/137) and 12.8% (18/141) in the ubrogepant 50 and 100 mg pmM subgroups, respectively.ConclusionsUbrogepant demonstrated similar efficacy for the treatment of pmM and non‐pmM attacks. No new safety signals were identified.
Resting‐state electroencephalography microstate dynamics altered in patients with migraine with and without aura—A pilot study
Authors: Lei Xiangyu , Wei Meng , Wang Liang , Liu Chenyu , Liu Qin , Wu Xiaoyu , Wang Qingfan , Sun Xinyue , Luo Guogang , Qi Yi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate electroencephalography (EEG) microstate differences between patients with migraine with aura (MWA), patients with migraine without aura (MWoA), and healthy controls (HC).BackgroundPrevious research employing microstate analysis found unique microstate alterations in patients with MWoA; however, it is uncertain how microstates appear in patients with MWA.MethodsThis study was conducted at the Headache Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. In total, 30 patients with MWA, 30 with MWoA, and 30 HC were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. An EEG was recorded for all participants under resting state. The microstate parameters of four widely recognized microstate classes A–D were calculated and compared across the three groups.ResultsThe occurrence of microstate B (MsB) in the MWoA group was significantly higher than in the HC (p = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.72) and MWA (p = 0.016, Cohen's d = 0.57) groups, while the contribution of MsB was significantly increased in the MWoA group compared to the HC group (p = 0.016, Cohen's d = 0.64). Microstate A (MsA) displayed a longer duration in the MWA group compared to the MWoA group (p = 0.007, Cohen's d = 0.69). Furthermore, the transition probability between MsB and microstate D was significantly increased in the MWoA group compared to the HC group (p = 0.009, Cohen's d = 0.68 for B to D; p = 0.007, Cohen's d = 0.71 for D to B). Finally, the occurrence and contribution of MsB were positively related to headache characteristics in the MWoA group but negatively in the MWA group, whereas the duration of MsA was positively related to the visual analog scale in the MWA group (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with MWA and MWoA have altered microstate dynamics, indicating that resting‐state brain network disorders may play a role in migraine pathogenesis. Microstate parameters may have the potential to aid clinical management, which needs to be investigated further.
No evidence of asymptomatic monkeypox infection in a highly sexually active MSM population in Austria
Authors: Grabmeier‐Pfistershammer Katharina , Skorepa Christopher , Breuer Monika , Masood Maheen , Chromy David , Strassl Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe 2022 outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) revealed new transmission routes. Incidence declined sharply in September 2022, and it remains unclear whether MPXV is circulating in asymptomatic individuals because of increased immunity.ObjectivesOur study aimed to assesss the number of asymtomatic MPXV carriers in individuals at high risk for STI.MethodsWe analysed anal samples from asymptomatic highly sexually active men who have sex with men for the presence of MPXV.ResultsWe detected a high number of concomitant sexually transmitted infections but did not find a single sample with MPXV.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the general recommendation to implement screening for MPXV is not currently justified.
Extraction of bioactive compounds from Rubus idaeus waste by maceration and supercritical fluids extraction: the recovery of high added‐value compounds
Authors: Velarde‐Salcedo Aida Jimena , De León‐Rodríguez Antonio , Calva‐Cruz Oscar J. , Balderas‐Hernández Víctor E. , De Anda Torres Sara , Barba‐de la Rosa Ana P. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryHigh amounts of raspberries are wasted every year, which are rich source of bioactive compounds. Thus, raspberry waste was used to obtain the essential oil by maceration and the oleoresin by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Higher amounts of total phenolics (185 mg GAE g−1) and flavonoids (11.0 mg QE g−1) were obtained in oleoresins than in essential oil (131 mg GAE g−1 and 9.0 mg QE g−1, respectively). DPPH radical scavenging was 1350 μm TE g−1 for oleoresins and 890 μm TE g−1 for essential oil. SFE allowed the extraction of compounds not reported before in red raspberry such as a pinocembrin and farnesol. Oleoresin at 20 μg mL−1 induced a decrease in lipid accumulation during the 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation process, but no after cells were differentiated. Red raspberry waste is an important source of bioactives that can be extracted using green technologies to generate high commercial value by‐products.
Selected physicochemical properties of rice flour, modified tapioca starch, and their mixtures after a limewater soaking treatment
Authors: Pedcharat Kasarin , Jangchud Kamolwan , Jangchud Anuvat , Harnsilawat Thepkunya , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: September 2023

SummaryEffects of a saturated limewater soaking treatment on physicochemical properties of Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice flour (KDML105), rice flour, modified tapioca starch (MTS), and their mixtures were investigated. The limewater soaking treatment caused some birefringence losses of flour granules and a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in pH and flour solubility. All flours and flour/starch mixtures soaked in limewater exhibited lower onset and peak temperatures and reduced gelatinisation enthalpy by DSC in relation to peak viscosity, final viscosity, and setback, when compared to unsoaked flours. MTS had the highest peak viscosity and breakdown followed by KDML105 and rice flour, respectively, regardless of the limewater soaking treatment. The gel obtained from limewater‐soaked KDML105 had the lowest firmness and a low gel retrogradation. After limewater soaking, both mixtures (KDML105:rice flour:MTS, 1.4:0.6:1 and 1:1:1) containing different amounts of KDML105 and rice flours gave a soft and sticky gel. This study demonstrated that chemical modification by a limewater soaking treatment induced some changes in properties of rice flour, MTS, and their mixtures.
Prevention efficacy of dentin tubule sealing with Nd:YAG laser against tooth discoloration induced by vital pulp treatment
Authors: Kınay Taran Pınar , Kara Özlem 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe discoloration potential of dental materials and applications such as vital pulp therapy also cause discoloration due to the presence of blood. Dentin tubule sealing methods could be used for the prevention of discoloration.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sealing pulp chamber walls with Nd:YAG laser against discoloration caused by tricalcium silicate‐based materials in the presence and absence of blood contamination.DesignEighty‐one extracted human maxillary incisors were prepared and randomly divided into nine groups according to the Nd:YAG laser application, the cement to be used (NeoMTA Plus/Biodentine), and the presence or absence of blood. The color measurements were obtained with a spectrophotometer at baseline and then at the sixth (T1) and 12th (T2) months thereafter.ResultsSealing with Nd:YAG laser and placing NeoMTA Plus or Biodentine on human blood significantly increased discoloration at T1 and T2 (p < .05). Similarly, without sealing the cavity and placing NeoMTA Plus or Biodentine on human blood significantly increased discoloration at T1 and T2 (p < .05).ConclusionRegardless of sealing the dentin tubules with Nd:YAG laser, NeoMTA Plus and Biodentine caused more discoloration in the presence of blood contamination.
Inelastic relaxation processes in amorphous sodium silicates
Authors: Rimsza Jessica M. , Jones Reese E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring fracture amorphous oxides exhibit irreversible processes, including inelastic and nonrecoverable relaxation effects in the process zone surrounding the crack tip. Here, classical molecular dynamics simulations were used with a reactive forcefield to evaluate inelastic relaxation processes in five amorphous sodium silicate compositions. Overall, the 20% Na2O‐SiO2(NS20) composition exhibited the most inelastic relaxation, followed by the 15% Na2O‐SiO2(NS15) composition, the 25% Na2O‐SiO2(NS25) composition, and finally the 10% (NS10) and 30% (NS30) Na2O‐SiO2 compositions. Coordination analysis of the Na+ ions identified that during inelastic relaxation the Na+ ions were increasingly coordinated by nonbridging oxygens (NBOs) for the NS10 and NS15 compositions, which was supported by radial analysis of the O‐Na‐O bond angles surrounding the crack tip. Across the sodium silicate compositional range, two different inelastic relaxation mechanism were identified based on the amount of bridging oxygens (BOs) and NBOs in the Na+ ion coordination shell. At lower (NS10) and higher (NS30) sodium compositions, the entire structured relaxed toward the crack tip. In contrast at intermediate sodium concentrations (NS20) the Na+ ion migrates toward the crack tip separately from the network structure. By developing a fundamental understanding of how modified silica systems respond to static stress fields, we will be able to predict how varying amorphous silicate systems exhibit slow crack growth.
Parental attitudes and beliefs about sexuality of individuals with intellectual disability: Insights from a Brazilian sample of parents of individuals with Williams syndrome
Authors: Monteiro Rebeca Orselli , Tafla Tally Lichtensztejn , Rodriguez Juliana Dalla Martha , Teixeira Sabine Triguero , Honjo Rachel Sayuri , Kim Chong Ae , Teixeira Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe affective expression of sexual behaviour in individuals with Williams syndrome can lead to risky behaviours, especially if parents do not have information on how to provide sex education or support from specialised professionals.MethodThe Attitudes to Sexuality Questionnaire for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities was used to identify parental beliefs, attitudes and concerns about the sexuality and sex education of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The sample comprised 35 parents of individuals with Williams syndrome (mean age 12.8 years (SD = 4.5), 57.1% male).ResultsParents believe in the possibility of marriage and sexual relationships for individuals with intellectual disability when they are older and agree with sexual reproduction in adulthood. Parents consider that sex education, in addition to parental guidance, should be provided by professionals.ConclusionsThis data highlights the need for parents to have clear guidelines on interventions in respect of the sexuality of individuals with intellectual disability.