bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-care interventions for preconception, antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care: a scoping review
Authors: Nguyen Phi-Yen , Caddy Cassandra , Wilson Alyce N , Blackburn Kara , Page Matthew J , Gülmezoglu A Metin , Narasimhan Manjulaa , Bonet Mercedes , Tunçalp Özge , Vogel Joshua P 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo identify current and emerging self-care interventions to improve maternity healthcare.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, EmCare, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL/CDSR, CINAHL Plus (last searched on 17 October 2021).Eligibility criteriaEvidence syntheses, interventional or observational studies describing any tool, resource or strategy to facilitate self-care in women preparing to get pregnant, currently pregnant, giving birth or post partum.Data extraction/synthesisScreening and data collection were conducted independently by two reviewers. Self-care interventions were identified based on predefined criteria and inductively organised into 11 categories. Characteristics of study design, interventions, participants and outcomes were recorded.ResultsWe identified eligible 580 studies. Many included studies evaluated interventions in high-income countries (45%) and during antenatal care (76%). Self-care categories featuring highest numbers of studies were diet and nutrition (26% of all studies), physical activity (24%), psychosocial strategies (18%) and other lifestyle adjustments (17%). Few studies featured self-care interventions for sexual health and postpartum family planning (2%), self-management of medication (3%) and self-testing/sampling (3%). Several venues to introduce self-care were described: health facilities (44%), community venues (14%), digital platforms (18%), partner/peer support (7%) or over-the-counter products (13%). Involvement of health and community workers were described in 38% and 8% of studies, who supported self-care interventions by providing therapeutics for home use, training or counselling. The most common categories of outcomes evaluated were neonatal outcomes (eg, birth weight) (31%), maternal mental health (26%) and labour outcomes (eg, duration of labour) (22%).ConclusionSelf-care interventions in maternal care are diverse in their applications, implementation characteristics and intended outcomes. Many self-care interventions were implemented with support from the health system at initial stages of use and uptake. Some promising self-care interventions require further primary research, though several are matured and up-to-date evidence syntheses are needed. Research on self-care in the preconception period is lacking.
Using experience-based co-design (EBCD) to develop high-level design principles for a visual identification system for people with dementia in acute hospital ward settings
Authors: Macdonald Alastair , Kuberska Karolina , Stockley Naomi , Fitzsimons Bev 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesWe tested a modified co-design process to develop a set of high-level design principles for visual identification systems (VIS) for hospitalised people with dementia.DesignWe designed and ran remote workshops in three phases with carers of people with dementia and healthcare staff. In phase 1 we presented participants with scenarios based on findings from prior research, prompting participants to discuss their own experiences of VIS. Phase 2 used more future-focused scenarios, prompting participants to co-design improved VIS. In phase 3, a set of provisional design principles developed from our analysis of phases 1 and 2 data were discussed.SettingOnline workshops.ParticipantsA total of 26 carers and 9 healthcare staff took part in a pilot and three separate workshops.ResultsWe identified a set of six dementia-friendly design principles for improving the effectiveness of VIS: (1) The hospital trust provides a professionally-trained workforce and an appropriate culture of care; (2) the symbol is easily recognisable and well understood; (3) key personal information is readily available and accessible; (4) key personal information is integrated into the electronic patient record; (5) relatives and carers are involved in providing key information and monitoring care; (6) the principles need to function as a system to be successful. Participants suggested that, in addition to the use of an identifier and key personal information, professional standards training, effective information and records management and improved means to involve carers and/or families were key to the effective operation of VIS, leading us to expand a narrow understanding of a VIS.ConclusionUsing a scenario-led co-design approach can help trigger useful discussions with staff and carer groups, identify current problems with VIS and develop a set of high-level design principles for their improvement. These principles reveal day-to-day frictions that require further attention and resolution.
Atorvastatin and the influence on postoperative atrial fibrillation after surgical aortic valve replacement (STARC) in adults at Odense University Hospital, Denmark: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Krasniqi Lytfi , Brandes Axel , Mortensen Poul Erik , Dahl Jordi Sanchez , Gerke Oke , Ali Mulham , Riber Lars Peter Schødt 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common postoperative complication after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and occurs in up to 50% of the patients. Development of postoperative AF (POAF) is associated with a 2–3 fold increased risk of adverse events, including stroke, myocardial infarction and death.Several studies have implied that prophylactic Atorvastatin therapy could prevent POAF in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. These studies suggest that Atorvastatin has rapid and significant pleiotropic actions that reduce the risk of POAF. However, prophylactic treatment with statins has yet to be understood in SAVR. The aim of this study is to investigate whether prophylactic administration of torvastatin reduces POAF in patients undergoing SAVR.Methods and analysisIn this investigator-initiated, prospective, parallel-group, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled single-centre trial, 266 patients undergoing elective solitary SAVR with bioprosthetic valve, with no prior history of AF, and statin-naïve will be randomised (1:1) to treatment with Atorvastatin (80 mg once daily) or matching placebo for 1–2 weeks prior to and 30 days after surgery. The primary endpoint is POAF defined as an episode of irregular RR-intervals without a traceable p-wave of at least 30 s duration. After discharge and until day 30 after surgery, POAF will be documented by either rhythm strip or 12-lead ECG.Ethics and disseminationProtocol approval has been obtained from the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee for Southern Denmark (S-20210159), The Danish Medicines Agency (2021103821) and the Data Protection Agency (21/65621).The trial is conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the ICH-GCP (International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice) guidelines and the legal regulations of Denmark. Study findings will be shared via peer-reviewed journal publication and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT05076019.
Awareness, predictors and outcomes of drug alerts among people who access harm reduction services in British Columbia, Canada: findings from a 2021 cross-sectional survey
Authors: Daowd Kerolos , Ferguson Max , Liu Lisa , Loyal Jackson , Lock Kurt , Graham Brittany , Lamb Jessica , McDougall Jenny , Buxton Jane A 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo assess the awareness and predictors of seeing/hearing a drug alert in British Columbia (BC) and subsequent drug use behaviour after seeing/hearing an alert.MethodsThis study analysed the 2021 BC harm reduction client survey (HRCS)—a cross-sectional self-reported survey administered at harm reduction sites throughout the province and completed by participants using the services.ResultsIn total, n=537 respondents participated and n=482 (89.8%) responded to the question asking if they saw/heard a drug alert. Of those, n=300 (62.2%) stated that they saw/heard a drug alert and almost half reported hearing from a friend or peer network; the majority (67.4%) reported altering their drug use behaviour to be safer after seeing/hearing a drug alert. The proportion of individuals who saw/heard a drug alert increased with each ascending age category. Among health authorities, there were significant differences in the odds of seeing/hearing an alert. In the past 6 months, the odds of participants who attended harm reduction sites a few times per month seeing/hearing an alert were 2.73 (95% CI: 1.17 to 6.52) times the odds of those who did not. Those who attended more frequently were less likely to report seeing/hearing a drug alert. The odds of those who witnessed an opioid-related overdose in the past 6 months seeing/hearing an alert were 1.96 (95% CI: 0.86 to 4.50) times the odds of those who had not.ConclusionWe found that drug alerts were mostly disseminated through communication with friends or peers and that most participants altered their drug use behaviour after seeing/hearing a drug alert. Therefore, drug alerts can play a role in reducing harms from substance use and more work is needed to reach diverse populations, such as younger people, those in differing geographical locations, and those who attend harm reduction sites more frequently.
Systematic review on the involvement and engagement of patients as advisers for the organisation of organ transplantation services
Authors: Qu Zhi , Oedingen Carina , Bartling Tim , Krauth Christian , Schrem Harald 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to derive practical lessons from publications on patient involvement and engagement in the organisation of organ transplantation services.DesignThis systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Inclusion criteria for the analysis of publications in English cited in the databases PubMed and Web of Science until 6 December 2022 required that patients participated as advisers in the organisation of organ transplantation services. Quality assessment was performed using the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP) 2 small form and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool for the assessment of the risks of bias.ResultsDeployed search strings identified 2263 records resulting in a total of 11 articles. The aims and strategies, deployed methods, observed effects, observed barriers and proposed improvements for the future varied vastly. All reported that well-developed programmes involving and engaging patients at an organisational level provide additional benefits for patients and foster patient-centred care. Lessons learnt include: (1) to empower patients, the information provided to them should be individualised to prioritise their needs; (2) financial as well as organisational resources are important to successfully implement patient involvement and engagement; (3) systematic feedback from patients in organisational structures to health providers is required to improve clinical workflows and (4) the consideration of ethical issues and the relationship between investigators and participating patients should be clarified and reported.ConclusionsActionable management recommendations could be derived. The quantitative impact on clinical outcome and economic clinical process improvements remains to be investigated. Study quality can be improved using the GRIPP 2 guidance and the CASP tool.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022186467.
Repurposing the Ordering of Routine Laboratory Tests in Hospitalised Medical Patients (RePORT): results of a cluster randomised stepped-wedge quality improvement study
Authors: Ambasta Anshula , Omodon Onyebuchi , Herring Alyssa , Ferrie Leah , Pokharel Surakshya , Mehta Ashi , Liu Liberty , Hews-Girard Julia , Tam Cheuk , Taylor Simon , Lonergan Kevin , Faris Peter , Duncan Diane , Woodhouse Douglas 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundLow-value use of laboratory tests is a global challenge. Our objective was to evaluate an intervention bundle to reduce repetitive use of routine laboratory testing in hospitalised patients.MethodsWe used a stepped-wedge design to implement an intervention bundle across eight medical units. Our intervention included educational tools and social comparison reports followed by peer-facilitated report discussion sessions. The study spanned October 2020–June 2021, divided into control, feasibility testing, intervention and a follow-up period. The primary outcomes were the number and costs of routine laboratory tests ordered per patient-day. We used generalised linear mixed models, and analyses were by intention to treat.ResultsWe included a total of 125 854 patient-days. Patient groups were similar in age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index and length of stay during the control, intervention and follow-up periods. From the control to the follow-up period, there was a 14% (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.86, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.92) overall reduction in ordering of routine tests with the intervention, along with a 14% (β coefficient=−0.14, 95% CI −0.07 to –0.21) reduction in costs of routine testing. This amounted to a total cost savings of $C1.15 per patient-day. There was also a 15% (IRR=0.85, 95% CI 0.79, 0.92) reduction in ordering of all common tests with the intervention and a 20% (IRR=1.20, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.30) increase in routine test-free patient-days. No worsening was noted in patient safety endpoints with the intervention.ConclusionsA multifaceted intervention bundle using education and facilitated multilevel social comparison was associated with a safe and effective reduction in use of routine daily laboratory testing in hospitals. Further research is needed to understand how system-level interventions may increase this effect and which intervention elements are necessary to sustain results.
Association of nicotine replacement therapy product sales with menthol cigarette sales restriction in Massachusetts
Authors: Asare Samuel , Xue Zheng , Bandi Priti , Westmaas Johann Lee , Jemal Ahmedin , Nargis Nigar 
Published: May 2023

Background
Massachusetts was the first to implement a state-wide menthol cigarette sales restriction in the USA. Following its implementation in June 2020, evidence showed declines in cigarette sales in Massachusetts; however, changes in nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) product sales are unknown.

Methods
This cohort study analysed NRT products sold by US-based retailers available in 26 states from the Nielsen Retail Scanner Data. Outcomes were state-level 4-week aggregate sales of gum, lozenge and patch NRT products converted into pieces per 1000 adults (aged ≥18 years) who smoke cigarettes based on smoking rates from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and corresponding population from the US Census Bureau. We used a difference-in-differences method to compare changes in NRT product sales in Massachusetts before (1 January 2017 to 13 June 2020) and after (14 June 2020 to 4 December 2021) the policy with sales in 25 states.

Results
The analysis included 1664 observations for each NRT product, with 1170 from before and 494 from after the policy change. The 4-week NRT product sales per 1000 adults who smoke cigarettes in Massachusetts compared with the comparison states increased for gums by 643.11 (95% CI 365.33 to 920.89; p<0.001) pieces or 12.9% and for lozenges by 436.97 (95% CI 292.88 to 581.06; p<0.001) pieces or 17.9% but no statistically significant change in patches after implementing the policy.

Conclusion
The increases in sales of gum and lozenge NRT products in Massachusetts after implementing the policy suggest that a nationwide ban on menthol cigarettes can increase NRT product use; therefore, interventions are needed to strengthen cessation support for adults who smoke cigarettes but intend to quit.
The pentaquark spectrum from Fermi statistics
Authors: Maiani Luciano , Polosa Antonio D. , Riquer Veronica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study compact hidden charm pentaquarks in the Born–Oppenheimer approximation, previously introduced for tetraquarks, assuming the heavy pair to be in a color octet. We show that Fermi statistics applied to the complex of the three light quarks, also in color octet, requires S-wave pentaquark ground states to consist of three octets of flavour-SU(3)$$_f$$

f

, two with spin 1/2 and one with spin 3/2, in line with the observed, strangeness $$S=0,-1$$

S
=
0
,
-
1

, spectrum. Additional lines corresponding to decays into $$J/\psi +\Sigma $$

J
/
ψ
+
Σ

and $$J/\psi +\Xi $$

J
/
ψ
+
Ξ

are predicted. In the language of non-relativistic SU(6), ground state pentaquarks form either a $${\varvec{56}}$$

56

or a $${\varvec{20}}$$

20

representation, distinguished by presence or absence of pentaquarks decaying in the spin 3/2 decuplet, e.g. in $$J/\psi +\Delta ^{++}$$

J
/
ψ
+

Δ

+
+

. Observation of a strangeness $$S=-2$$

S
=
-
2

or isospin $$I=3/2$$

I
=
3
/
2

pentaquarks would be a clear signature of compact, QCD bound pentaquarks.
Revisiting cosmography via Gaussian process
Authors: Liu Jinyi , Qiao Ling , Chang Baorong , Xu Lixin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the kinematical state of our Universe via the cosmographic approach by using Gaussian process, where the minimum assumption is the cosmological principle, i.e. the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric. A obviously distinguished feature is that these cosmography parameters are free of any gravity theories and cosmological models. And Gaussian process is independent of any specific parameterized forms of function. Thus by transformations these generic cosmography parameters can be used to constrain a cosmological model and dark energy model directly at the kinematics level of our Universe. As a result, a series of cosmography parameters up to the fifth oder, i.e. the Hubble parameter H(z), the deceleration parameter q(z), the jerk parameter j(z), the snap parameter s(z) and the lerk parameter l(z), evolve with respect to the redshift z are reconstructed from the cosmic observations which include the recently released Pantheon+ SN Ia samples and the observational Hubble data H(z), also dubbed as cosmic chronometers. The result shows the transition redshift from a decelerated expansion to an accelerated expansion $$z_t=0.652^{+0.054}_{-0.043}$$

z
t

=
0
.

652

-
0.043

+
0.054

which is consistent with the previous results.
Interpolating matrix models for WLZZ series
Authors: Mironov A. , Mishnyakov V. , Morozov A. , Popolitov A. , Wang Rui , Zhao Wei-Zhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe suggest a two-matrix model depending on three (infinite) sets of parameters which interpolates between all the models proposed in Wang et al. (Eur Phys J C 82:902,arXiv:2206.13038, 2022) and defined there throughW-representations. We also discuss further generalizations of the WLZZ models, realized byW-representations associated with infinite commutative families of generators of$$w_\infty $$w∞-algebra which are presumably related to more sophisticated multi-matrix models. Integrable properties of these generalizations are described by what we call the skew hypergeometric$$\tau $$τ-functions.
CD49d Expression Identifies a Biologically Distinct Subtype of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with Inferior Progression-Free Survival on BTK Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Alsadhan Anfal , Chen Jonathan , Gaglione Erika M. , Underbayev Chingiz , Tuma Pamela L. , Tian Xin , Freeman Lita A. , Baskar Sivasubramanian , Nierman Pia , Soto Susan , Itsara Andy , Ahn Inhye E. , Sun Clare , Bibikova Elena , Hartmann Tanja Nicole , Mhibik Maissa , Wiestner Adrian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To determine the role of CD49d for response to Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Patients and Methods:
In patients treated with acalabrutinib (n = 48), CD49d expression, VLA-4 integrin activation, and tumor transcriptomes of CLL cells were assessed. Clinical responses to BTKis were investigated in acalabrutinib- (n = 48; NCT02337829) and ibrutinib-treated (n = 73; NCT01500733) patients.

Results:
In patients treated with acalabrutinib, treatment-induced lymphocytosis was comparable for both subgroups but resolved more rapidly for CD49d+ cases. Acalabrutinib inhibited constitutive VLA-4 activation but was insufficient to block BCR and CXCR4–mediated inside–out activation. Transcriptomes of CD49d+ and CD49d− cases were compared using RNA sequencing at baseline and at 1 and 6 months on treatment. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed increased constitutive NF-κB and JAK–STAT signaling, enhanced survival, adhesion, and migratory capacity in CD49d+ over CD49d− CLL that was maintained during therapy. In the combined cohorts of 121 BTKi-treated patients, 48 (39.7%) progressed on treatment with BTK and/or PLCG2 mutations detected in 87% of CLL progressions. Consistent with a recent report, homogeneous and bimodal CD49d-positive cases (the latter having concurrent CD49d+ and CD49d− CLL subpopulations, irrespective of the traditional 30% cutoff value) had a shorter time to progression of 6.6 years, whereas 90% of cases homogenously CD49d− were estimated progression-free at 8 years (P = 0.0004).

Conclusions:
CD49d/VLA-4 emerges as a microenvironmental factor that contributes to BTKi resistance in CLL. The prognostic value of CD49d is improved by considering bimodal CD49d expression.
See related commentary by Tissino et al., p. 3560
Pedro Paulo de Melo Saraiva: arquitetura moderna e edifício público em Brasília, 1960-2010
Authors: Andreata Galimbertti Ugo , Augusto de Almeida Alves André 
Published: May 2023

Recorrentemente abordada pelo seu pragmatismo e pela filiação de suas estruturas à Escola Paulista Brutalista, a arquitetura de Pedro Paulo de Melo Saraiva (1933-2016) constitui contribuição ampla, original e significativa à arquitetura moderna brasileira. Situando-a no entrecruzamento entre arquitetura moderna, Estado, Brasília e projeto, o artigo analisa três prédios projetados pelo arquiteto em três momentos da vida brasileira e brasiliense: o edifício-sede da CNI (1962), a Escola de Administração Fazendária (1973) e o edifício-sede do Confea (1999). Assim considerados enquanto signos da sociedade brasileira e de seu processo de modernização no segundo pós-guerra, tais projetos revelam atributos de que Brasília e a metrópole contemporânea mais necessitam: representar aquilo que é público e democrático.