bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of High-Risk Patients
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a woman scheduled for total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis who has severe baseline anxiety, sleep disorders, catastrophizing, and depression and overuses opioids for migraine with chronic headache. This case illustrates the risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain, including neuropathic postsurgical pain. Risk factors include preoperative pain, postoperative pain, and opioid use but also many psychological factors, particularly state or trait anxiety, catastrophizing, and depression, as well as lack of cognitive flexibility. Patients with these risk factors should be carefully assessed, undergo psychotherapy before and/or after surgery, and be carefully managed for their pain as soon as possible after surgery to avoid long-term pain chronicization.
Management of Patients with Comorbidities
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a patient with chronic postsurgical pain who has serious psychiatric comorbidity, which contributes to enhance his pain and disability, reduce his coping abilities, and reduce the chance of therapeutic success. This case illustrates the importance of detecting psychiatric comorbidities in patients with neuropathic pain and working in close collaboration with psychologists and psychiatrists. Neuropathic pain tends to impair quality of life more than any other type of pain and is often associated with disability, anxiety, depression, disturbed sleep, or catastrophizing. Questionnaires may be helpful in identifying these PROs. The management of psychiatric comorbidities should precede or be associated with the management of pain.
Management of Neuropathic Pain: Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the case of a man with postherpetic neuralgia who presents with multiple neuropathic symptoms, such as burning pain, electric shocks, and allodynia, and has difficulty rating his average pain intensity on a simple scale. Hence, he has difficulty reporting the efficacy of drug treatments, with a contradiction between his apparently constant pain intensity and his improved disability. This case shows the potential relevance of specific neuropathic pain questionnaires even in routine use to facilitate treatment adaptation. Most treatments of neuropathic pain have an incomplete effect on pain symptoms. Thus, the use of specific neuropathic assessment questionnaires in routine may facilitate treatment adaptation.
Management of Neuropathic Pain: Quantitative Sensory Testing
Authors: Kersebaum Dilara , Baron Ralf 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Neuropathic pain of various origins manifests clinically through typical signs and symptoms. Sensory gain and loss can be assessed with quantitative sensory testing (QST) through the application of standardized thermal and mechanical stimuli. Thus, a sensory phenotype for each patient is created and compared to reference values of healthy controls. Individualized, sensory profiles are relevant for the identification of treatment responders in clinical practice and pharmaceutical trials. To pursue the goal of a targeted pharmacological therapy, clinical trials with patient stratification at baseline are needed. The approach of sensory profiling and subgrouping is recommended by the European Medicines Agency for exploratory trials on neuropathic pain. It is important to consider that the assessment through QST is limited to evoked sensations, whereas ongoing or spontaneously occurring symptoms are missed. Patient-reported outcome measures are promising complementary tools to survey both spontaneously occurring sensory symptoms and evoked sensations, also allowing the stratification of patients.
The Case of Cannabinoids
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a woman who suffers from central pain associated with multiple sclerosis. Pain is paroxysmal with very severe and frequent electric shocks. She smokes cannabis to relieve her pain paroxysms but has no signs of craving. She appears to be a good candidate for oral or sublingual cannabinoids (oral tetrahydrocannabinol or nabiximols). Contrary to painful spasticity, the efficacy of cannabinoids is still unclear in neuropathic pain based on randomized controlled trials, but a subgroup of patients may likely benefit from these drugs, which seem to be more effective on pain paroxysms. Cannabinoids have been more studied in neuropathic pain than in other types of chronic pain.
Nerve Blocks and Drug Infusions
Authors: Portal Benjamin , Bhullar Ravneet , Argoff Charles 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of a patient with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) who had difficulty undergoing physiotherapy due to pain. For this patient, regional somatic nerve blocks using local anesthetics may be proposed because they may have at least short-term benefit and facilitate physiotherapy. They may also be useful for diagnostic purposes. Sympathetic nerve blocks are routinely used for CRPS, but evidence based on adequate studies is lacking. Infusion techniques for neuropathic pain include intravenous infusions of ketamine or lidocaine, which may be beneficial for a short period and may be envisaged after concertation to relieve severe pain exacerbations for patients with refractory neuropathic pain.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation
Authors: Attal Nadine , Bouhassira Didier 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents the case of an elderly woman who suffers from trigeminal neuropathy with severe facial pain secondary to brainstem lesion, refractory to first-, second-, and third-line treatments of neuropathic pain. In this case, noninvasive central brain stimulation may be considered in specialized centers. These techniques encompass repeated high-frequency (≥10 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Their efficacy has been mainly established for motor cortex rTMS in peripheral and central refractory neuropathic pain. Best procedures include robot-assisted neuronavigation. Safety is good and main side effects include headache. The efficacy of tDCS of the motor cortex is less established for neuropathic pain.
Walking and Wheezing
Authors: Krishnamurthy Rajesh , Bubolz Beth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses a case of myocarditis and pericardial effusion in a pediatric patient. It addresses a notoriously difficult diagnosis to make, which can result in significant morbidity and mortality if missed. This case highlights the departure from presentation in pediatric cardiac failure compared to the adult population. Herein, pediatric heart failure is explored in the context of a subtle history with few abnormal physical findings and elusive radiographic evidence. A high index of suspicion is required to entertain the diagnosis in adolescents. Lessons in careful history taking and attention to detail demonstrated in this case will aid the clinician in making this potentially fatal diagnosis, which might otherwise be overlooked.
What’s That in the Diaper?
Authors: Reynolds Maegan S. , Jadcherla Yamini , Vogelius Esben 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Bloody stools in a neonate can be from a variety of etiologies such as benign anal fissures or milk protein allergy, or from more life-threatening etiologies such as volvulus, infectious colitis, or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Older children may have bloody stools associated with intussusception, usually diagnosed with ultrasound, and treated with contrast enema or Meckel’s diverticulum diagnosed with a technetium scintigraphy. NEC is most commonly seen in premature infants but must be excluded in infants presenting to the Emergency Department with bloody stools. An abdominal radiograph is the initial imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis of NEC. Pathognomonic features of NEC seen on x-ray include pneumatosis intestinalis (air within the bowel wall), portal vein air, or pneumoperitoneum from intestinal perforation. NEC should be managed with IV fluids, bowel rest with gastric decompression, IV antibiotics, and surgical consultation.
Torticollis in a Child with Down Syndrome
Authors: Williamson Kristy , Goldfisher Rachelle 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Down syndrome is associated with many orthopedic conditions. One of the most common is atlantoaxial instability, which is due to the laxity of ligaments supporting C1 and C2 vertebrae. Atlantoaxial instability can lead to subluxation or fixation and potentially, spinal cord compression. Patients may present with neck pain, torticollis, or neurologic dysfunction. Any Down syndrome patient with new weakness or sensory deficit should prompt urgent evaluation and imaging. Providers should immobilize the c-spine, then first obtain plain radiographs to evaluate the cervical spine alignment. CT scan is generally performed for better vertebral imaging, followed by MR to assess the ligaments and spinal cord. Neurosurgical evaluation and stabilization are warranted for symptomatic instability.
Why Is This Infant So Fussy?
Authors: Greene Michelle , Thomas Anna , Bennett Berkeley 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the vast differential diagnosis for an infant with vomiting from the most common benign etiologies to more serious pathology, such as pyloric stenosis and focuses on one of the most devastating etiologies: abusive head trauma. The normal anatomy present on an infants CT are reviewed and the pathophysiology and classification of subdural hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage are described, as well as findings on computerized tomography. Details regarding the variable presentation of abusive head trauma, medical management in the acute phase, differential diagnosis, and recommended workup for non-accidental trauma are included. Guidance on mandated reporting are discussed, as well as pearls for management and common pitfalls.
Ripping Apart My Heart
Authors: Conway Thomas P. , Koberlein George C. , Bullaro Francesca M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The presentation and imaging assessment for pediatric blunt thoracic trauma differs from their adult counterparts. The majority of thoracic trauma is blunt in children and typically can be assessed with a screening chest radiograph, without further need for advanced imaging. Vascular injuries should be suspected in children with mediastinal widening, indistinct aortic knob, left pleural effusion, thickening of the paratracheal stripe, or tracheal deviation on a chest radiograph. When vascular injury is suspected, advanced imaging is critical for identification and classification of the injury, with anything other than a Grade I injury requiring intervention, with TEVAR as the current intervention of choice. Early identification of these injuries is critical to optimize outcome.
The Unlucky Hit!
Authors: Montana McKenzie , Gates Robert L. , Burroughs Zachary 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Blunt abdominal trauma is the number three cause of traumatic death in children over 1 year of age in the United States and the most common unrecognized fatal injury. Vague symptoms and nonverbal pediatric patients make effective triage difficult in this population. In addition, there is limited utility in abdominal ultrasound, and early laboratory results may be misleading in the diagnostic assessment. Often, this leads to unnecessary computed tomography (CT) imaging, which results in radiation exposure, cancer risk, and excessive cost to the family. It is important to risk-stratify the stable patients using a proven algorithm to guide clinical decision-making. This chapter discusses the diagnosis, management, and disposition of both stable and unstable pediatric patients presenting with blunt abdominal trauma.
Drugs in Palliative Care
Authors: Dickman Andrew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
While palliative care has adopted a holistic approach to treatment, medication-driven symptom management ostensibly forms the critical aspect of care. Prescribing in palliative care can be extremely complex because the patient may often have comorbidity, or occasionally multimorbidity. The associated polypharmacy further complicates the pharmacological management of symptoms being caused by the palliative condition. This can be daunting for healthcare professionals and can negatively impact upon the effectiveness of care provided. Fully revised and updated, the third edition of Drugs in Palliative Care provides a detailed, yet concise overview of topics that are encountered in palliative care clinical practice. The book will appeal to a variety of healthcare professionals involved in the provision of palliative care and medicines information.
Systematic Errors of Electric Field Measurements in Ferroelectrics by Unit Cell Averaged Momentum Transfers in STEM
Authors: Strauch Achim , März Benjamin , Denneulin Thibaud , Cattaneo Mauricio , Rosenauer Andreas , Müller-Caspary Knut 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhen using the unit cell average of first moment data from four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) to characterize ferroelectric materials, a variety of sources of systematic errors needs to be taken into account. In particular, these are the magnitude of the acceleration voltage, STEM probe semi-convergence angle, sample thickness, and sample tilt out of zone axis. Simulations show that a systematic error of calculated electric fields using the unit cell averaged momentum transfer originates from violation of point symmetry within the unit cells. Thus, values can easily exceed those of potential polarization-induced electric fields in ferroelectrics. Importantly, this systematic error produces deflection gradients between different domains seemingly representing measured fields. However, it could be shown that for PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3, many adjacent domains exhibit a relative crystallographic mistilt and in-plane rotation. The experimental results show that the method gives qualitative domain contrast. Comparison of the calculated electric field with the systematic error showed that the domain contrast of the unit cell averaged electric fields is mainly caused by dynamical scattering effects and the electric field plays only a minor role, if present at all.
Invasive bone and joint infections from the French Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis Observational Study (SOS) cohort: no mortality with long-term antifungal treatment and surgery
Authors: Blez Damien , Bronnimann Didier , Rammaert Blandine , Zeller Valérie , Delhaes Laurence , Hustache Laurent , Grenouillet Frédéric , Traversier Nicolas , Bonhomme Julie , Chouaki Taieb , Perpoint Thomas , Persat Florence , Bougnoux Marie Elisabeth , Bayle Sophie , Quaesaet Luc , Nevez Gilles , Boutoille David , Morio Florent , Pougnet Laurence , Queyrel-Moranne Viviane , Heym B́eate , Guillemain Romain , Dannaoui Éric , Roux Antoine , Garcia-Hermoso Dea , Lanternier Fanny 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLittle is known about localized osteoarticular Scedosporiosis (LOS). Most data come from case reports and small case series. Here we present an ancillary study of the nationwide French Scedosporiosis Observational Study (SOS), describing 15 consecutive cases of LOS diagnosed between January 2005 and March 2017. Adult patients diagnosed with LOS defined by osteoarticular involvement without distant foci reported in SOS were included. Fifteen LOS were analyzed. Seven patients had underlying disease. Fourteen patients had prior trauma as potential inoculation. Clinical presentation was arthritis (n = 8), osteitis (n = 5), and thoracic wall infection (n = 2). The most common clinical manifestation was pain (n = 9), followed by localized swelling (n = 7), cutaneous fistulization (n = 7), and fever (n = 5). The species involved were Scedosporium apiospermum (n = 8), S. boydii (n = 3), S. dehoogii (n = 1), and Lomentospora prolificans (n = 3). The species distribution was unremarkable except for S. boydii, which was associated with healthcare-related inoculations. Management was based on medical and surgical treatment for 13 patients. Fourteen patients received antifungal treatment for a median duration of 7 months. No patients died during follow-up. LOS exclusively occurred in the context of inoculation or systemic predisposing factors. It has a non-specific clinical presentation and is associated with an overall good clinical outcome, provided there is a prolonged course of antifungal therapy and adequate surgical management.
Evolution of the afterglow optical spectral shape of GRB 201015A in the first hour: evidence for dust destruction
Authors: Komesh Toktarkhan , Grossan Bruce , Maksut Zhanat , Abdikamalov Ernazar , Krugov Maxim , Smoot George F 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Instruments, such as the ROTSE, TORTORA, Pi of the Sky, MASTER-net, and others have recorded single-band optical flux measurements of gamma-ray bursts starting as early as ∼ 10 s after gamma-ray trigger. The earliest measurements of optical spectral shape have been made only much later, typically on hour time-scales, never starting less than a minute after trigger, until now. Beginning only 58 s after theSwift BAT triggered on GRB201015A, we observed a sharp rise in optical flux to a peak, followed by a power law temporal decay, ∝ t−0.81 ± 0.03. Flux was measured simultaneously in three optical bands, g′, r′, and i′, using our Burst Simultaneous Three-channel Imager on the Nazarbayev University Transient Telescope at Assy-Turgen Astrophysical Observatory telescope. Our data during the decay show strong colour evolution from red to blue, with a change in the optical log slope of +0.72 ± 0.14; during this time the X-ray log slope remained constant. We did not find evidence for a two-component jet structure or a transition from reverse to forward shock or a prompt emission component that would explain this change in slope. We find that the majority of the optical spectral slope evolution is consistent with a monotonic decay of extinction, evidence of dust destruction. Assuming a constant source spectral slope and an Small Magellanic Cloud-like extinction curve, we derive a change in the local extinction $A_\mathrm{v}^\mathrm{local}$ from ∼0.8 mag to 0.3 mag in ∼2500 s. This work shows that significant information about the early emission phase is being missed without such early observations with simultaneous multiband instruments.
Data-driven selection and spectral classification of white dwarf stars
Authors: Vincent Olivier , Bergeron P , Dufour P 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The next generation of spectroscopic surveys is expected to provide spectra for hundreds of thousands of white dwarf (WD) candidates in the upcoming years. Currently, spectroscopic classification of white dwarfs is mostly done by visual inspection, requiring substantial amounts of expert attention. We propose a data-driven pipeline for fast, automatic selection, and spectroscopic classification of WD candidates, trained using spectroscopically confirmed objects with available Gaia astrometry, photometry, and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectra with signal-to-noise ratios ≥9. The pipeline selects WD candidates with improved accuracy and completeness over existing algorithms, classifies their primary spectroscopic type with ${\gtrsim}90\ \hbox{per cent}$ accuracy, and spectroscopically detects main sequence companions with similar performance. We apply our pipeline to the Gaia Data Release 3 cross-matched with the SDSS Data Release 17 (DR17), identifying 424 096 high-confidence WD candidates and providing the first catalogue of automated and quantifiable classification for 36 523 WD spectra. Both the catalogue and pipeline are made available online. Such a tool will prove particularly useful for the undergoing SDSS-V survey, allowing for rapid classification of thousands of spectra at every data release.
Extreme Meter Changes and Tempo Giusto in Some Songs by Brahms
Authors: Lau Wing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article examines how changing time signatures correspond with metric dissonance and the flux in metric consonance in Brahms’s songs, with a particular focus on expressive dimensions and Brahms’s relationship with historical metric modes. “Unbewegte laue Luft” is an extreme case of metric dissonance, juxtaposing meters of antithetical metric relations to underscore equally antithetical poetic meanings. Meters in “Wir müssen uns trennen” maintain duple relations but explore metric depth and the relative strength of different metric levels, showing consonant metric flux resembling century-old metric practices such as tempo giusto and changing Taktteile. By demonstrating how dissonant and consonant meter changes set up different degrees of temporal contrasts, this article explores notated meter changes as text-setting tools and how eighteenth-century metric theory can enrich our understanding of these tools.
Babesia microtiVariant With Multiple Resistance Mutations Detected in an Immunocompromised Patient Receiving Atovaquone Prophylaxis
Authors: Holbrook Nolan R , Klontz Erik H , Adams Gordon C , Schnittman Samuel R , Issa Nicolas C , Bond Sheila A , Branda John A , Lemieux Jacob E 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe report Babesia microti genomic sequences with multiple mutations in the atovaquone-target region of cytochrome b, including a newly identified Y272S mutation, plus 1 mutation of undetermined significance in the azithromycin-associated ribosomal protein L4. The parasite was sequenced from an immunocompromised patient on prophylactic atovaquone for Pneumocystis pneumonia before diagnosis of babesiosis.
Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tiu Bruce C , Strohbehn Ian A , Zhao Sophia , Ouyang Tianqi , Hanna Paul , Wang Qiyu , Gupta Shruti , Leaf David E , Reynolds Kerry L , Sise Meghan E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) often do not include patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to determine the safety of ICIs in patients with cancer and advanced CKD (stages 4-5 CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] &lt;30 mL/minute/1.73 m2).

Patients and Methods
Patients with advanced CKD from the Mass General Brigham network who received ICIs (n = 91) were compared against those receiving nephrotoxic (n = 113) and non-nephrotoxic (n = 130) antineoplastic therapies, respectively. Rates of new-onset kidney failure (end-stage kidney disease or sustained eGFR ≤10 mL/minute/1.73 m2) and AKI were compared. Among ICI-treated patients, we modeled Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards to compare immune-related adverse event (irAE) risk and used Kaplan-Meier analysis to compare overall survival in patients with advanced CKD to those with eGFR ≥30 mL/minute/1.73 m2.

Results
Rates of new-onset kidney failure were similar at 1 year following initiation of ICIs (10.0%), nephrotoxic (6.2%), and non-nephrotoxic antineoplastic therapies (9.3%) (P = .28). AKI rates were also similar: 17.5%, 17.6%, and 20% of patients in each cohort, respectively (P = .87). Advanced CKD did not increase the risk of developing irAEs (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI, 0.91-1.81). However, patients with advanced CKD who received ICIs had a decreased overall survival compared with patients with eGFR ≥30 mL/minute/1.73 m2 (HR 1.30 for death, 95% CI, 1.02-1.66, P = .03).

Conclusion
ICIs are not associated with increased risk of AKI or new-onset kidney failure compared with other antineoplastic therapies in patients with advanced CKD. Advanced CKD did not increase the risk of extra-renal irAEs, although these patients suffered from lower overall survival.