bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Interstitial Lung Disease in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Biologic and Targeted Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Authors: Baker Matthew C. , Liu Yuhan , Lu Rong , Lin Janice , Melehani Jason , Robinson William H. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceCurrent data are lacking regarding the risk of biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (b/tsDMARD) use on the development of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).ObjectiveTo determine the risk of developing ILD in patients with RA undergoing treatment with different b/tsDMARDs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective cohort study using claims data from the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart between December 2003 and December 2019. Adult patients with RA, 1 year or more of continuous enrollment, treatment with a b/tsDMARD of interest, and without preexisting ILD were included. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to April 2022.ExposuresNew administration of adalimumab, abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab, or tofacitinib.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCrude incidence rates (IRs) for the development of ILD were calculated. The risk of ILD across different b/tsDMARDs was compared using Cox-regression models. A sensitivity analysis using a prevalent new-user cohort design compared patients treated with tofacitinib and adalimumab.ResultsA total of 28 559 patients with RA (mean [SD] age 55.6 [13.7] years; 22 158 female [78%]) were treated with adalimumab (13 326 patients), abatacept (5676 patients), rituximab (5444 patients), tocilizumab (2548 patients), or tofacitinib (1565 patients). Crude IRs per 1000 person-years for ILD were 3.43 (95% CI 2.85-4.09) for adalimumab, 4.46 (95% CI 3.44-5.70) for abatacept, 6.15 (95% CI 4.76-7.84) for rituximab, 5.05 (95% CI 3.47-7.12) for tocilizumab, and 1.47 (95% CI 0.54-3.27) for tofacitinib. After multiple adjustments, compared with patients treated with adalimumab, patients treated with tofacitinib had a lower risk of ILD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.31; 95% CI, 0.12-0.78; P = .009). In a prevalent new-user cohort analysis, patients treated with tofacitinib had 68% reduced risk of ILD compared with adalimumab (aHR 0.32; 95% CI 0.13-0.82; P &amp;lt; .001). In an adjusted model, there was a 69% reduced risk of ILD in patients treated with tofacitinib compared with patients treated with adalimumab.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort of patients with RA, patients treated with tofacitinib had the lowest incidence of ILD compared with patients treated with all bDMARDs evaluated, and patients treated with tofacitinib had a reduced risk of ILD compared with patients treated with adalimumab after adjusting for important covariates. Additional prospective studies are needed to better understand the role tofacitinib may play in preventing ILD in patients with RA. These results, while significant, should be interpreted with caution given the fairly small sample size of the tofacitinib group.
Association Between Magnitude of Differential Blood Pressure Reduction and Secondary Stroke Prevention
Authors: Hsu Chia-Yu , Saver Jeffrey L. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Wu Yi-Ling , Cheng Chun-Yu , Lee Meng 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceThe degree to which more intensive blood pressure reduction is better than less intensive for secondary stroke prevention has not been delineated.ObjectiveTo perform a standard meta-analysis and a meta-regression of randomized clinical trials to evaluate the association of magnitude of differential blood pressure reduction and recurrent stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from January 1, 1980, to June 30, 2022.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials that compared more intensive vs less intensive blood pressure lowering and recorded the outcome of recurrent stroke in patients with stroke or TIA.Data Extraction and SynthesisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was used for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% CI was used as a measure of the association of more intensive vs less intensive blood pressure lowering with primary and secondary outcomes. The univariate meta-regression analyses were conducted to evaluate a possible moderating effect of magnitude of differential systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reduction on the recurrent stroke and major cardiovascular events.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was recurrent stroke and the lead secondary outcome was major cardiovascular events.ResultsTen randomized clinical trials comprising 40 710 patients (13 752 women [34%]; mean age, 65 years) with stroke or TIA were included for analysis. The mean duration of follow-up was 2.8 years (range, 1-4 years). Pooled results showed that more intensive treatment compared with less intensive was associated with a reduced risk of recurrent stroke in patients with stroke or TIA (absolute risk, 8.4% vs 10.1%; RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.88). Meta-regression showed that the magnitude of differential SBP and DBP reduction was associated with a lower risk of recurrent stroke in patients with stroke or TIA in a log-linear fashion (SBP: regression slope, −0.06; 95% CI, −0.08 to −0.03; DBP: regression slope, −0.17; 95% CI, −0.26 to −0.08). Similar results were found in the association between differential blood pressure lowering and major cardiovascular events.Conclusions and RelevanceMore intensive blood pressure–lowering therapy might be associated with a reduced risk of recurrent stroke and major cardiovascular events. These results might support the use of more intensive blood pressure reduction for secondary prevention in patients with stroke or TIA.
Low‐Threshold, External‐Cavity‐Free Flexible Perovskite Lasers
Authors: Cao Xuhui , Xing Shiyu , Lai Runchen , Lian Yaxiao , Wang Yaxin , Xu Jiying , Zou Chen , Zhao Baodan , Di Dawei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA distinct advantage of halide perovskite semiconductors is their potential as gain media in high‐performance, all‐solution‐processed flexible lasers. However, most perovskite microlasers employ external optical resonators with rigid and high‐temperature/vaccum‐processed structures unsuitable for flexible applications. Here, low‐threshold, external‐cavity‐free perovskite lasers (≈550 nm, linewidth: ≈0.3 nm, quality factor: ≈1900, room temperature), prepared with excellent reproducibility using simple one‐step spin‐coating and low‐temperature annealing, are demonstrated. Exceptionally low lasing thresholds of 9.3 and 14.6 µJ cm−2 are achieved for external‐cavity‐free perovskite lasers on rigid and flexible substrates, respectively. The thresholds and quality factors are on par with that of high‐performance perovskite microlasers with well‐designed external cavities. The lasers exhibit good operational stability, showing half‐life of >1.8 × 108 pulses under optical pumping in air. Transient optical experiments reveal that the low thresholds stem from enhanced band‐to‐band spontaneous and stimulated emission processes in the high‐quality microcrystalline perovskite, effectively out‐pacing trap‐mediated and Auger processes detrimental to the lasing action. The flexible perovskite lasers retain >95% of the initial intensity after 10000 bending cycles, showing outstanding mechanical durability. As these lasers can be produced from solution within minutes at low costs, the findings are expected to enable high‐throughput, scalable fabrication of perovskite lasers for emerging applications.
Host Material for Multi‐Color Display with High and Stable Electro‐Phosphorescent Efficiencies: Meta‐Linkage for Balanced Hole and Electron Injection
Authors: Liu Chaoke , Li Tengyue , Sun Mizhen , Xie Mingliang , Zhou Yannan , Feng Wenjuan , Sun Qikun , Zhang Shi‐Tong , Xue Shanfeng , Yang Wenjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNovel host materials and their molecular design methods for phosphorescent materials are crucial for the application of phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs), which require balanced carrier injection and sufficient triplet energy levels (ET). Herein, two host materials, namely PPI22PPPBO and PPI33PPPBO, are designed by varying the linkage of benzoxazole (PBO) and phenanthroimidazole (PPI) groups with appropriate ET for green, yellow, and red phosphors. The meta‐link PPI33PPPBO is not only of smaller π‐conjugation, but also of more ordered face‐to‐face stacking for enhanced and more balanced carrier mobility. As a result, the green, yellow, and red PhOLEDs utilizing PPI33PPPBO as host materials show low turn‐on voltages of 2.8 V. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of the corresponding devices reaches 22.8%, 26.7%, and 17.6%, which is superior to that of the traditional host materials CBP and mCP, showing great application potential. More importantly, when the luminance is 1000 cd m−2, their EQE can still be as high as 21.9%, 25.5%, and 16.4%, corresponding to negligible efficiency roll‐offs of only 3.9%, 4.5%, and 6.8%. To the best of authors knowledge, it is the first time that PBO is applied to PhOLED host materials using a twisted connection method.
Seamless Feedthroughs for Neurotechnologies Using Diffusion Processes
Authors: Rudmann Linda , Huber Sebastian D. , Stieglitz Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrical feedthroughs are a major part of active implantable medical devices. They are responsible for connecting the implants’ active sites with the processing electronics that are usually hermetically packaged. They deliver conductive pathways through the package wall and have to avoid premature device failure due to ingressing humidity. With decreasing device size, the requirements on the single parts increase, including the electrical feedthroughs. As conventional electrical feedthroughs rely on opening the hermetic bulk material of the package that introduce leak paths, they always raise the potential that water enters the package inside alongside these interfaces. Therefore, a proof‐of‐concept study of a new hermetic electrical feedthrough design that leaves the hermetic bulk material, that is, silicon, intact is presented. The concept is based on diffusing noble metals, Pt and Au, into the semiconductor bulk, resulting in a quasi‐localized resistance increase of the silicon. It is shown that by variation of diffusion temperature, time, the substrate cooling, and others, a parameter combination is found with which optoelectronic components can be driven through an intact silicon substrate.
Efficient Fully‐Sprayed Organic Solar Cells with Coffee‐Ring‐Free Photoactive Layer and Alloy Top‐Electrode
Authors: Chang Kai , Yu Boyang , Liu Linna , Fang Dong , Zhao Xinyan , Mi Baoxiu , Huang Wei , Deng Weiwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDepositing all functional layers (including the top electrode) with spray methods is highly desirable and challenging for the eventual commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). This work addresses two key challenges toward fully‐sprayed OSCs: i) the printing of a high‐quality photoactive layer free of coffee rings and ii) the spray of the top electrode without the need of evaporation nor solvents. To eliminate coffee rings caused by individual droplets, the photoactive layer is deposited by electrospray on the cooled substrate. The reduced temperature slows down the solvent evaporation, promotes merging of individual droplets, and suppresses the formation of coffee rings. By optimizing the drying temperature, homogeneous films without coffee rings are obtained. The improved active‐layer morphology facilitates charge transport and reduces recombination. The device prepared by the coldplate‐assisted electrospray reaches a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.13%. In addition, an alloy with the melting point of 62 °C is spray‐printed as the top electrode using an airbrush. The spray process is optimized by the trade‐off between the coverage rate and the film thickness. OSCs with the alloy electrode achieve the highest PCE of 16.26%. The fully‐sprayed OSCs exhibit PCEs up to 15.09%, demonstrating a viable route toward fully‐sprayed OSCs with high‐performance.
Visualization of Surface Charge Carrier Diffusion Lengths in Different Perovskite Crystal Orientations Using 4D Electron Imaging
Authors: Nughays Razan O. , Yang Chen , Nematulloev Sarvarkhodzha , Yin Jun , Harrison George T. , Zhao Jianfeng , Fatayer Shadi , Bakr Osman M. , Mohammed Omar F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding charge carrier dynamics on the surface of materials at the nanometer and femtosecond scales is one of the key elements to optimizing the performance of light‐conversion devices, including solar cells. Unfortunately, most of the pump‐probe characterization techniques are surface‐insensitive and obtain information from the bulk due to the large penetration depth of the pulses. However, ultrafast scanning electron microscopy (USEM) is superior in visualizing carrier dynamics at the surface with high spatial‐temporal resolution. Here, the authors successfully used USEM to uncover the tremendous effect of surface orientations and termination on the charge carrier of MAPbI3 perovskite single crystals. Time‐resolved secondary electrons snapshots and density functional theory calculations clearly demonstrate that charge carrier diffusion, surface trap density, surface work function, and carrier concentration are strongly facet‐dependent. The results display a diffusion length of 22 micrometers within 6.0 nanoseconds along (001) orientation. While (100) facet forms defect states that prevent carrier diffusion and shows an increase in the surface work function leading to dark contrast and fast charge carrier recombination. These findings provide a new key component to optimizing the surface of perovskites, thus paving the way for even more efficient and stable solar‐cell devices based on perovskite single crystals.
Advanced and Readily‐Available Wireless‐Powered Blue‐Light‐Implant for Non‐Invasive Peri‐Implant Disinfection
Authors: Zhang Ludan , Li Yamin , Yuan Lintian , Zhang Qianyi , Yan Yuqing , Dong Fan , Tang Jun , Wang Yuguang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNon‐invasive light‐based antibacterial therapy has a good prospect in non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implant infections. However, its applications are severely limited by poor penetration of light into human tissues, leading to unsatisfying outcomes. Moreover, as an essential prerequisite for traditional light therapy, lasers can no longer meet the patients’ needs for convenient treatment at any time. To break through the spatial and temporal limitations of traditional light therapy, a wireless‐powered blue‐light zirconia implant for readily available treatment of peri‐implant infection is proposed. In space, complete irradiation to complex peri‐implant structure is realized by the built‐in wireless‐powered light source, thus improving the efficacy. In time, wireless‐powering allows timely and controllable anti‐infection treatment. Blue micro‐light emitting diodes are used as therapeutic light sources, which effectively kill peri‐implant infection‐related bacteria without exogenous photosensitive agents. Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm on implant surface can be completely killed after 20 min irradiation in vitro. The bactericidal rate of peri‐implant methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection reaches 99.96 ± 0.03% under 30 min per day blue light exposure in vivo. Within the scope of this study, the treatment of peri‐implant infection with blue‐light implant has preliminary feasibility, giving a new approach to non‐invasive treatment of deep oral infections, including peri‐implant infections.
Among men, androgens are associated with a decrease in Alzheimer's disease risk
Authors: Kusters Cynthia D. J. , Paul Kimberly C. , Romero Tahmineh , Sinsheimer Janet S. , Ritz Beate R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIncreased levels of sex hormones have been hypothesized to decrease Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We assessed the association between sex steroid hormones with AD using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.METHODSAn inverse‐variance weighting (IVW) MR analysis was performed using effect estimates from external genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. We included independent variants (linkage disequilibrium R2 < 0.001) and a p‐value threshold of 5 × 10−8.RESULTSAn increase in androgens was associated with a decreased AD risk among men: testosterone (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32–0.88; p‐value: 0.01; false discovery rate [FDR] p‐value: 0.03); dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38–0.85; p‐value: 0.01; FDR p‐value: 0.03); and androsterone sulfate (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.46–1.02; p‐value: 0.06; FDR p‐value: 0.10). There was no association between sex steroid hormones and AD among women, although analysis for estradiol had limited statistical power.DISCUSSIONA higher concentration of androgens was associated with a decreased risk of AD among men of European ancestry, suggesting that androgens among men might be neuroprotective and could potentially prevent or delay an AD diagnosis.Highlights
Sex hormones are hypothesized to play a role in developing Alzheimer's disease (AD).
The effect of sex hormones on AD was assessed using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Among women, genetically determined effects of sex hormones were limited or null.
Among men, a higher concentration of androgens decreased AD risk.
This study suggests a causal relationship between androgens and AD among men.
Selective Neuronal Knockout of STAT3 Function Inhibits Epilepsy Progression, Improves Cognition, and Restores Dysregulated Gene Networks in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model
Authors: Tipton Allison E. , Cruz Del Angel Yasmin , Hixson Kathryn , Carlsen Jessica , Strode Dana , Busquet Nicolas , Mesches Michael H. , Gonzalez Marco I. , Napoli Eleonora , Russek Shelley J. , Brooks‐Kayal Amy R. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a progressive disorder mediated by pathological changes in molecular cascades and hippocampal neural circuit remodeling that results in spontaneous seizures and cognitive dysfunction. Targeting these cascades may provide disease‐modifying treatments for TLE patients. Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK/STAT) inhibitors have emerged as potential disease‐modifying therapies; a more detailed understanding of JAK/STAT participation in epileptogenic responses is required, however, to increase the therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects associated with global inhibition.MethodsWe developed a mouse line in which tamoxifen treatment conditionally abolishes STAT3 signaling from forebrain excitatory neurons (nSTAT3KO). Seizure frequency (continuous in vivo electroencephalography) and memory (contextual fear conditioning and motor learning) were analyzed in wild‐type and nSTAT3KO mice after intrahippocampal kainate (IHKA) injection as a model of TLE. Hippocampal RNA was obtained 24 h after IHKA and subjected to deep sequencing.ResultsSelective STAT3 knock‐out in excitatory neurons reduced seizure progression and hippocampal memory deficits without reducing the extent of cell death or mossy fiber sprouting induced by IHKA injection. Gene expression was rescued in major networks associated with response to brain injury, neuronal plasticity, and learning and memory. We also provide the first evidence that neuronal STAT3 may directly influence brain inflammation.InterpretationInhibiting neuronal STAT3 signaling improved outcomes in an animal model of TLE, prevented progression of seizures and cognitive co‐morbidities while rescuing pathogenic changes in gene expression of major networks associated with epileptogenesis. Specifically targeting neuronal STAT3 may be an effective disease‐modifying strategy for TLE. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:106–122
Interaction between Divalent Copper Fluoride and Carboxamide Group Enabling Stereoretentive Fluorination of Tertiary Alkyl Halides
Authors: Tsuchiya Naoki , Yamamoto Tetsuhiro , Akagawa Hiroki , Nishikata Takashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein, we report a copper‐catalyzed stereospecific fluorination involving CsF and α‐bromocarboxamides as tertiary alkyl sources that, unlike traditional stereospecific routes involving stereoinversive SN2 reactions, proceeds with retention of stereochemistry. The developed stereospecific Cu‐catalyzed reaction is among the most efficient methods for synthesizing fluorinated molecules that possess highly congested stereogenic carbon centers. Mechanistic studies revealed that the combined reactivity of CuF2 and Cs salt is essential for completing the catalytic cycle. Our catalytic system underwent fluorination exclusively with tertiary alkyl bromides and did not react with primary alkyl bromides, indicating that this stereospecific fluorination methodology is suitable for synthesizing fluorinated building blocks possessing stereo‐defined F‐containing tertiary carbon stereogenic center.
Glutathione‐Induced In Situ Michael Addition between Nanoparticles for Pyroptosis and Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhen Wenyao , Liu Yang , An Shangjie , Jiang Xiue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost tumor treatments will fail when ignoring competition and cooperation between each cancer cell and its microenvironment. Inspired by game theory, therapeutic agents can be introduced to compete for intracellular molecules to disrupt the cooperation between molecules and cells. Biomineralized oxidized (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐o‐gallate (EGCG)–molybdenum ion coordination nanoparticles were prepared for disrupting redox equilibria and simultaneously reacting with intracellular GSH in a Michael addition to form large aggregates that can mechanically disrupt endosomal and plasma membranes, stimulating pyroptosis and anti‐tumor immunological responses for versatile inhibition of different types of tumors. This design disrupts the cooperation between molecules and between cancer and immune cells, achieving an optimal payoff in competition and cooperation in cancer therapy.
The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and circulating tau levels: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Wei , Zeng Hui‐Xue , Huang Ya‐Ping , Wang Tie‐Zhu , Huang Wen‐Sen , Huang Yan‐Fei , Lin Li , Li Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that impairs memory, thinking, language, and, eventually, the ability to carry out the simplest of tasks. Tau protein, the major component of neurofibrillary tangles, is considered a key mediator of AD pathogenesis. The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and circulating tau remains unclear. The aim of the present meta‐analysis was to evaluate the relationship between OSA and circulating tau via quantitative analysis.MethodsA systematic search of Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were performed. The mean values of circulating total tau (T‐tau) and phosphorylated tau (P‐tau) in OSA and control groups were extracted. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by using a random‐effect model or fixed‐effect model.ResultsA total of seven studies comprising 233 controls and 306 OSA patients were included in this study. The meta‐analysis showed that the circulating T‐tau level was significantly higher in OSA patients than those in the control group (SMD = 1.319, 95% CI = 0.594 to 2.044, z = 3.56, p < .001). OSA patients also had significantly higher circulating P‐tau level than control group (SMD = 0.343, 95% CI = 0.122 to 0.564, z = 3.04, p = .002).ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis demonstrated that both circulating T‐tau and P‐tau levels were significantly increased in OSA subjects when compared with non‐OSA subjects. Larger sample‐size studies on the association between OSA and circulating tau are still required to further validate our results.