bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Additive Ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene Enables Safe Carbonate Electrolyte for SiOx‐Graphite/NMC811 Batteries
Authors: Liu Sufu , Becker Maximilian , Huang‐Joos Yuanye , Lai Huagui , Homann Gerrit , Grissa Rabeb , Egorov Konstantin , Fu Fan , Battaglia Corsin , Kühnel Ruben‐Simon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe silicon (Si) or silicon monoxide (SiOx)‐graphite (Gr)/nickel‐rich LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC, x+y+z=1, with x≥80 %) cell chemistry is currently regarded as a promising candidate to further improve the energy density of rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries, but is confronted with safety and cycling stability issues. Here, the flame retardant ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) is studied as electrolyte additive in the SiOx‐Gr/NMC811 full cell system. We find that PFPN in combination with an increased lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) concentration renders carbonate‐based electrolytes non‐flammable based on a very low self‐extinguishing time of 3.1 s g−1 while the electrolyte maintains a high ionic conductivity of 8.4 mS cm−1 at 25 °C. Importantly, PFPN in combination with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) also stabilizes the solid‐electrolyte interphase of Si‐based anodes beyond the level achieved only with FEC. Furthermore, PFPN improves the wetting property of the electrolyte, rendering it a multifunctional additive. As a result, excellent capacity retention of 87 % after 200 cycles at 1 C was achieved for SiOx‐Gr/NMC811 pouch cells with a relatively high SiOx content of 20 %. Our work provides a promising avenue for developing safe and high‐performance electrolytes for lithium‐ion batteries with silicon‐based anodes.
Effects of exercise interventions in Alzheimer's disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Roy Sagor Kumar , Wang Jing‐jing , Xu Yu‐ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of exercise intervention in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) by meta‐analysis.MethodsFrom January 2000 to January 2022, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched for all studies on the clinical efficacy of exercise intervention in the treatment of AD patients. Stata 17.0 statistical software was used for meta‐analysis.ResultsSpecifically, data of 983 patients were subjected to meta‐analysis, including 463 patients in the control group (conventional drug therapy) and 520 patients in the treatment group (physical exercise on the basis of conventional therapy). The results of meta‐analysis showed that Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL) score in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Further subgroup analysis of exercise intervention >16 weeks found that MMSE and ADL scores in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Subgroup analysis of exercise intervention ≤16 weeks demonstrated that MMSE and ADL in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group. In addition, the treatment group had a significant lower Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score compared with the control group (SMD = –0.76, 95% CI (–1.37, –0.16), p = .013); subgroup analysis showed that the NPI score in the treatment group were lower than that in the control group when exercise intervention was >16 weeks [SMD = –1.01, 95% CI (–1.99, –0.04), p = .042] and ≤16 weeks [SMD = 0.43, 95% CI (–0.82, –0.03), p = .034].ConclusionExercise intervention can improve the neuropsychiatric symptoms, activities of daily living and cognitive function of AD patients, but the improvement is not significant in case of exercise intervention ≤16 weeks.
Indole‐3‐acetonitrile Is a Critical Molecule with Weed Allopathic Suppression Function in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Authors: Liu Wanyou , Dong Bao Zhu , Hu Jinghan , Xu Zhenpeng , Zheng Chengzhong , Nian Yin , Zhou Hongyou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCruciferous plants are frequently used for ecologically benign weed control in agricultural production. Most effective Broccoli varieties were screened using the entropy method‐based topsis model at first. Result showed that varieties of Lvwawa and Lvbaoshiwere most effective in allelopathic suppression on radishes. Column and thin‐layer chromatography were used to extract the allelopathic compounds from broccoli residues, which contained various herbicidal active substances; among them, purified single‐molecule indole‐3‐acetonitrile has a stronger inhibitory effect than pendimethalin (commercial herbicide). The weed inhibition rate increased with increasing broccoli residue dosage, with a 40 g/m2 broccoli residue dose yielding the highest suppression rate. Its effect was similar to that of indole‐3‐acetic acid. Too much of this substance leads to the plant's death. Moreover, broccoli residues had effective control effect on weeds in natural soils in greenhouse and field trials. The results demonstrated that broccoli residue could be used for weed management in field for abundant allopathic suppression molecules to weeds, and that Indole‐3‐acetonitrile is one of the most important allopathic molecule.
Decarboxylative Functionalization of β,γ‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids: New Perspective for the Synthesis of Functionalized Allylic Compounds
Authors: Yao Zhen , Xu Lijin , Shi Qian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to the versatile reactivity of allyl moieties for further transformations and their omnipresence in biologically and pharmaceutically active molecules, significant efforts have been devoted to the efficient introduction of such groups into organic compounds. Although a large variety of allylating reagents have been successfully developed, development of new, efficient and environmentally benign allylating reagents remains in high demand. Recently, easily accessible β,γ‐unsaturated carboxylic acids have been explored as promising allylating agents in decarboxylative allylation reactions. This type of transformation provides facile access to various functionalized allyl compounds including those that are difficult to prepare using the classic allylating reagents with high efficiency and regiocontrol, and can be rendered enantioselective by choosing a suitable catalyst precursor and chiral ligand. Moreover, utilizing such allylating reagents allows for the discovery of novel transformations, especially under visible light photocatalysis.
Modified Peptide Molecules As Potential Modulators of Shelterin Protein Functions; TRF1
Authors: Brankiewicz Wioletta , Kalathiya Umesh , Padariya Monikaben , Węgrzyn Katarzyna , Prusinowski Maciej , Zebrowska Joanna , Zylicz‐Stachula Agnieszka , Skowron Piotr , Drab Marek , Szajewski Mariusz , Ciesielski Maciej , Gawrońska Małgorzata , Kallingal Anoop , Makowski Mariusz , Bagiński Maciej 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present studies on relatively new and still not well‐explored potential anticancer targets which are shelterin proteins, in particular the TRF1 protein can be blocked by in silico designed “peptidomimetic” molecules. TRF1 interacts directly with the TIN2 protein, and this protein‐protein interaction is crucial for the proper functioning of telomere, which could be blocked by our novel modified peptide molecules. Our chemotherapeutic approach is based on assumption that modulation of TRF1‐TIN2 interaction may be more harmful for cancer cells as cancer telomeres are more fragile than in normal cells. We have shown in vitro within SPR experiments that our modified peptide PEP1 molecule interacts with TRF1, presumably at the site originally occupied by the TIN2 protein. Disturbance of the shelterin complex by studied molecule may not in short term lead to cytotoxic effects, however blocking TRF1‐TIN2 resulted in cellular senescence in cellular breast cancer lines used as a cancer model. Thus, our compounds appeared useful as starting model compounds for precise blockage of TRF proteins.
Carbonylative Self‐Coupling of Aryl Boronic Acids Using a Confined Pd Catalyst within Melamine Dendron and Fibrous Nano‐Silica: A CO Surrogate Approach
Authors: Kolekar Yuvraj A. , Saptal Vitthal B. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDevelopment of heterogeneous catalysts with tunable activity and selectivity has posed a persistent challenge. This study addresses this challenge by fabricating a hybrid environment through the combination of mesoporous silica and N‐rich melamine dendron via covalent grafting, allowing for controllable growth and encapsulation of Pd NPs. This catalyst presented an excellent catalytic activity for the oxidative carbonylative self‐coupling of aryl boronic acids to afford symmetric biaryl ketones using N‐formyl saccharin as a sustainable solid CO source and Cu as a co‐catalyst.
Molecular‐fusion Synthesis of Bright Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots for Cell Imaging
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Liu Zhikang , Guo Huazhang , Chen Changhan , Zeng Zhiming , Xu Jing , Wang Liang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with advantages including excellent biocompatibility, low cost, and easy modification make them highly promising for applications in biological imaging. Here, we successfully synthesized dark green fluorescent CDs (g‐CDs) using trinitropyrene as a carbon source and 2,4‐diaminobenzenesulfonic acid as the reactant in one‐pot synthesis. The results revealed that the g‐CDs had an average uniform particle size of 4.93 nm, with a structure similar to graphite. The g‐CDs imparted excellent water‐solubility due to the presence of hydrophilic groups. The g‐CDs exhibited an optimal fluorescence emission wavelength of 512 nm in acetone solvent, with a maximum quantum yield of 38.4%. When transferred into a normal saline solution, the g‐CDs retained their green fluorescence, with the optimal fluorescence emission wavelength shifting to 505 nm. Notably, we observed a significant increase in fluorescence intensity and maximum quantum yield of up to 79.4% when the g‐CDs were dissolved in a polar solvent. Furthermore, in vitro fluorescence imaging experiments demonstrated rapid cell entry, excellent fluorescence performance, high biocompatibility, and universality of the g‐CDs. These findings underscore the high hydrophobicity and biocompatibility of our newly designed g‐CDs, thus highlighting their immense potential as fluorescent probes in bioimaging and disease tracing applications.
Native and non‐native plant regrowth in the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area after the 2018 Woolsey Fire
Authors: Stork Nicoletta , Mainzer Amy , Martin Roberta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMediterranean‐type ecosystems are under chronic ecological stress. By assessing changes in plant species and functional groups across the landscape, identifying ecosystem degradation is possible. The Santa Monica Mountains are in close proximity to a densely populated urban area where non‐native species invasions are being driven by changing fire regimes, climate change, and anthropogenic disturbances. Non‐native growth impacts biodiversity levels and vegetation distributions of native plant communities that are critical for ecosystem health. This study uses analyses of line‐point data from the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program to assess ecosystem health in the Santa Monica Mountains from 2014 to 2020 and, in particular, to assess the effects of the 2018 Woolsey Fire on the balance of native and non‐native species in the region. Results of this analysis show an increase in non‐native cover since 2014 and rapid regrowth of non‐native annual grasses and herbaceous cover after the 2018 Woolsey Fire while native communities regrew more slowly. A hotspot of non‐native cover was identified in the Northern Simi Hills region, and rapid regrowth was seen after the Woolsey Fire. The hotspot is dominated by non‐native annual grasses and annual herbaceous species, some of which returned to prefire populations within a year after the Woolsey Fire. These results raise concerns for the future of native vegetation composition and function throughout the park and highlight the damage densely populated non‐native plant communities accumulate in the wake of disturbance events.
Analysis of low‐temperature pumped thermal energy storage systems based on a transcritical CO2 charging process
Authors: Bodner Jonas , Koksharov Josefine , Dammel Frank , Stephan Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPumped thermal energy storage (PTES) is a technology for intermediate storage of electrical energy in the form of thermal energy. In this work, PTES systems based on a transcritical CO2 charging process are investigated. A two‐zone water storage tank with a storage temperature of 115°C is used as thermal energy storage. For discharge, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and, alternatively, a transcritical CO2 heat engine are investigated. The considered concepts are modelled and simulated as stationary processes using the EBSILON Professional software. The scaling is based on an electrical input power of 5 MW. Using an ORC with the working fluid R1234yf for the discharging process results in the highest round‐trip efficiency of 36.8%. The component costs of the different configurations are estimated using cost functions. On the basis of this, the levelized cost of storage (LCOS) is calculated. The configuration with the ORC as the discharging process has the lowest LCOS of 59.2 €cents (kWh)−1. In addition, the technological maturity is determined using the technology readiness level scale. There are no prototypes of the investigated PTES systems yet. Therefore, further investigations must be carried out to implement the technology in the future.
A comprehensive review on tungsten oxide nanostructures‐based electrochromic supercapacitors and machine learning models for design and process parameter optimization
Authors: Thomas Susmi Anna , Cherusseri Jayesh , Khalid Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrochromism has received significant research recently due to its unique electrochromic feature for various applications such as smart buildings, smart doors, e‐skins, display devices, and so forth. Transition metal oxides are the major choice as electrode materials for electrochromic devices. Among the various electrochromic oxides available so far, tungsten oxide (WO3) achieves great interest due to its peculiar properties such as high coloration efficiency, low‐cost, high stability, and so forth. WO3 is an example of cathodic electrochromic material in which the material gets color under ion insertion. In this review article, we discuss the recent developments in WO3‐based electrochromic supercapacitors. Initially, the synthesis and characterizations of WO3 are discussed, and later the electrochromic performance evaluation using various electrochemical characterization tools, such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling, and so on, was reviewed. Furthermore, various theoretical models that describe the performance of electrochromic supercapacitors are explained in detail. Finally, the future perspectives of WO3‐based electrochromic supercapacitors are discussed. The most recent advances in machine learning (ML) are being utilized to investigate the mechanism and enhance the strategic performance of WO3 in the field of electrochromic. There is ongoing research in developing ML models for predicting the optimal design of electrochromic supercapacitors in terms of both material selection and performance parameters. Such models are essential in the pursuit of next‐generation smart windows, which are integral to the construction of sustainable buildings and the creation of a more environment‐friendly planet.
Discrete practical RF energy harvesting models for wireless communication networks
Authors: Tayel Ahmed F. , Zakariya Ahmed Y. , Rabia Sherif I. , Abd El‐Malek Ahmed H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOptimal resource management in wireless communication networks is usually modeled in discrete state space, for example, using Markov decision process. This requires the energy harvesting (EH) model to be discrete. Since the existing discrete EH models in the literature use simple discrete distributions, for example, Bernoulli and Poisson, with no regard to the properties of the EH circuits, the proposed work handles this dilemma by deriving discrete EH models based on the practical continuous radio frequency to direct current (RF‐to‐DC) power conversion models. General closed‐form expressions are derived for the probability density functions of the harvested energy in the case of linear, piecewise linear, and non‐linear EH models. These general closed‐form expressions are applied to some special fading models, for example, the Nakagami‐ fading model. Simulation results verify the derived models. Moreover, statistical analysis is performed to compare the derived models to other discrete models in the literature. Finally, the derived models are applied to a case study where the effect of the number of discrete EH levels and the importance of the derived models compared to other models in the literature are presented. These comparisons show the deviation in the performance of the discrete models commonly used in the literature from the actual performance when the proposed piecewise linear EH model is used. Based on these comparisons, the proposed models, especially the piecewise linear EH model with an adequate number of segments, are recommended to be used for accurate discrete modeling of the EH process.
Effect of microwave and conventional heat treatment on trypsin inhibitor activity and in vitro digestibility of edamame milk protein
Authors: Olakanmi Sunday , Barbhuiya Rahul I. , Wroblewski Charles , Ramalingam Saipriya , Wang Jin , Nair Gopu R. , Singh Ashutosh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEdamame milk is a protein‐dense milk derived from green soybeans harvested before they mature. Being a legume of soy origin, it contains antinutritional factors for example, serine protease inhibitors, which hinder its in vitro digestibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of microwave processing techniques in improving the in vitro digestibility (IVPD %) of edamame milk protein by varying processing time and temperature. Conventional and microwave‐assisted processing was employed to investigate the effect on in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD %), using temperatures 70°Ϲ, 85°Ϲ, and 100°Ϲ for 5, 10, and 15 min, respectively. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) data showed microwave and conventional treatments significantly modified the Amide I region of the edamame milk protein and the extent of modification varied with variation in the treatment temperature. In the FTIR analysis β‐sheet content was observed to change little with an increase in the temperature, suggesting similarity in the surface hydrophobicity of the protein leading to similar IVPD % values for all treatment temperatures. The experiment resulted in increased in vitro digestibility with increasing time and temperature during microwave processing conditions and conventional thermal conditions. It was also observed that the trypsin inhibitor activity decreased with an increase in processing time and temperature.
Single‐cell transcriptome analysis reveals cellular and molecular alterations in small cell lung cancer tumors following chemotherapy
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Zhu Guonian , Li Yangqian , Wang Haoyu , Wang Suyan , Li Chengping , Feng Jiaming , Wang Zhoufeng , Li Weimin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChemotherapy is the standard therapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), but relapse is common and the 2‐year survival rate remains low. Given the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to cancer development and response to treatment, we analyzed here how chemotherapy alters the TME in SCLC using single‐cell RNA sequencing. The comparison between neuroendocrine cells and other epithelial cells in five chemotherapy‐naive patients identified upregulation of Notch‐inhibiting genes, such as DLL3 and HES6. Analysis of genes differentially expressed between five patients receiving chemotherapy and five treatment‐naive patients in cells in the TME showed that chemotherapy promoted antigen presentation and senescence in neuroendocrine cells, upregulated ID1 to enhance angiogenic activities of stalk‐like endothelial cells and strengthened vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells. Chemotherapy also promoted the remodeling of extracellular matrix by fibroblasts and upregulated interferon‐mediated antitumor immune responses by B and T cells. Our single‐cell transcriptome analysis provides insights into how chemotherapy affects the TME in SCLC, which may guide efforts to make therapy more effective.
Cancer incidence among Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia: A 34‐year follow‐up
Authors: Rahu Kaja , Rahu Mati , Auvinen Anssi , Zeeb Hajo , Boice John D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFrom 1986 to 1991, 4831 men from Estonia were sent to clean up radioactively contaminated areas near Chernobyl (Chornobyl). Their cancer incidence during 1986 to 2019 was compared to that of the male population of Estonia. The cohort of cleanup workers was linked to national population and cancer registers based on unique personal identification numbers. Nineteen (0.4%) workers could not be traced. A total of 4812 men contributing 120 770 person‐years of follow‐up were eligible for the analyses. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and adjusted relative risks (ARR, expressed as ratios of SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A total of 687 incident cancer cases were registered in the cohort (SIR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03‐1.19). Presumptive radiation‐related cancers combined were in excess, but not when smoking‐ and alcohol‐related cancers were excluded (SIR 0.92, 95% CI 0.71‐1.18). For smoking‐related cancers, the SIR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.13‐1.36) and for alcohol‐related cancer the SIR was 1.53 (95% CI 1.31‐1.75). Less educated workers had a higher risk of all cancers (ARR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.02‐1.44) and smoking‐related cancers (ARR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.14‐1.76). An elevated risk of alcohol‐related cancers was evident 15 to 24 years (vs <15 years) after return from the Chernobyl area. This updated register‐based follow‐up of Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia revealed an excess of radiation‐related cancer sites combined, but the excess was not apparent after excluding cancers associated with smoking and alcohol.
Validation of single‐photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography and lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymph node identification in cervical cancer
Authors: Togami Shinichi , Tokudome Akio , Fukuda Mika , Mizuno Mika , Yanazume Shintaro , Kobayashi Hiroaki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare single‐photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in patients with early‐stage cervical cancer.MethodsThis hospital‐based, single‐center, retrospective study included 128 patients with cervical cancer (aged >18 years) treated between 2014 and 2022. Injection of 99 m Technetium‐labeled phytate into the uterine cervix was used to detect pelvic SLNs. SNL identification rates and locations were analyzed for preoperative LSG and SPECT/CT.ResultsMedian age and body mass index of patients were 40 years (range, 20–78 years) and 21.7 kg/m2 (range, 16–40 kg/m2), respectively. There was no significant difference in overall identification rates (identification of at least one SLN) of SLNs between SPECT/CT (91%) and LSG (88%). There was no significant difference in bilateral SLN identification rates between SPECT/CT (66%) and LSG (65%). A total of 219 pelvic SLNs (110 right and 109 left hemipelvis) were identified by SPECT/CT; the most frequent locations were the obturator (122 SLNs, 56%) and external iliac (67 SLNs, 30%).ConclusionSPECT/CT and LSG showed high SLN identification rates in patients with cervical cancer, and there was no significant difference in overall or bilateral SLN identification rates between the two techniques.