bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fossil diversity in ‘dawn’ hexapods (Diplura: Projapygoidea), with direct evidence for being chemically predaceous in the Cretaceous
Authors: Sánchez-García Alba , Sendra Alberto , Davis Steven , Grimaldi David A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Diplurans are among the earliest hexapods in the geological record. These primitively wingless relatives of insects are infrequently encountered despite being pervasive in soil habitats. Two groups have disparate adaptations for hunting, one mechanical and the other chemical, in Japygoidea and Projapygoidea, respectively. Here, we report three genera (two new) and four species of fossil Projapygidae preserved in Mesozoic and Cenozoic ambers: Electroprojapyx alchemicus gen. et sp. nov. in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber, and Symphylurinopsis punctatus gen. et sp. nov. and two species (unnamed) of Symphylurinus in Miocene Dominican amber. The exceptionally preserved specimens possess cerci that are morphologically specialized for expelling a glandular substance on prey. The new Cretaceous E. alchemicus is a stem group to all living species of the family and provides conclusive Mesozoic evidence for a rare type of predation involving offensive (vs. defensive) secretions. The specimen was fossilized in a preying-and-spraying position with its presumptive meal, a Symphypleona springtail (Collembola), reflecting the behavioural predatory repertoire of modern relatives. Apart from one Cenozoic species, these rare specimens represent the only fossil record of the family Projapygidae. Our findings demonstrate that these basal hexapods were predators of small arthropods of ancient forest soils and enrich our understanding of palaeoecological associations and behavioural strategies paramount for the survival of species.
Severe Smallness as Predictor of Adverse Perinatal Outcome in Suspected Late Small-for-Gestational-Age Fetuses: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Meler E. , Martinez-Portilla R. J. , Caradeux J. , Mazarico E. , Gil-Armas C. , Boada D. , Martinez J. , Carrillo P. , Camacho M. , Figueras F. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Various adverse perinatal outcomes, such as neonatal morbidity, fetal death, suboptimal neurodevelopment, and delayed effects as an adolescent and adult, are associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Failure to detect this condition prenatally is recognized as a contributor to avoidable perinatal death. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the evidence regarding the use of severe smallness (eg, birth weight <3%ile) for prediction of adverse perinatal outcome in fetuses with suspected late-onset small for gestational age (SGA) birth.
Study eligibility included third-trimester singleton pregnancies with suspected SGA fetuses, based on an estimated fetal weight (EFW) or abdominal circumference <10th percentile, diagnosed at or after 32 weeks' gestation. Included studies were both retrospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials and reported on the following outcomes: (1) admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); (2) neonatal acidosis; (3) cesarean delivery for intrapartum fetal compromise; (4) Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes; (5) perinatal death (including stillbirth and neonatal death within 48 hours after birth); and (6) composite adverse perinatal outcome. The analysis identified a total of 6541 articles via database search, and 1 additional study was identified manually. A final review resulted in the inclusion of 12 cohort studies.
The studies included 3639 fetuses with suspected late-onset SGA, of which 1246 had severe SGA <3%ile. Significant associations were found between suspected severe SGA and the composite adverse perinatal outcome, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–2.92), NICU admission (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.84–4.47), and perinatal death (OR, 4.26; 95% CI, 1.07–16.93). However, the analysis found limited performance of suspected severe SGA to predict perinatal outcomes, with an area under the curve of 60.9% for the composite adverse perinatal outcome. The meta-analysis results indicate that the performance of severe SGA in the study was poorer than that reported for uterine artery Doppler and cerebroplacental ratio. The current analysis found a positive and negative likelihood ratio of 1.53 and 0.76, respectively, for composite adverse perinatal outcome associated with severe smallness.
Despite its association with a higher risk of perinatal complications, suspected severe SGA failed to perform as a standalone parameter for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.
Evidence-Based Approaches to Labor Induction
Authors: Saucedo Alexander M. , Cahill Alison G. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Importance
The induction rate continues to increase in the United States placing pressure on the health care system with increasing cost and time spent on labor and delivery. Most labor induction regimens have evaluated uncomplicated singleton-term gestations. Unfortunately, the optimal labor regimens of medically complicated pregnancies have not been well described.

Objective
The aim of this study was to review the current available evidence regarding the various labor induction regimens and understand the evidence that exists for induction regimens in complicated pregnancies.

Evidence Acquisition
Data were acquired by a literature search on PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Review database, the most recent American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists practice bulletin on labor induction, and a review of the most recent edition on widely used obstetric texts for key words related to labor induction.

Results
Many heterogeneous clinical trials exist examining various labor induction regimens such as prostaglandin only, oxytocin only, or a combination of mechanical dilation with prostaglandins or oxytocin. Several Cochrane systematic reviews have been performed, which suggest a combination of prostaglandins and mechanical dilation results in an improved time to delivery when compared with single-use methods. Evaluating pregnancies complicated by maternal or fetal conditions, there exist retrospective cohorts describing significantly different labor outcomes. Although a few of these populations have planned or active clinical trials, most do not have an optimal labor induction regimen described.

Conclusions and Relevance
Most induction trials are significantly heterogeneous and limited to uncomplicated pregnancies. A combination of prostaglandins and mechanical dilation may result in improved outcomes. Complicated pregnancies have significantly different labor outcomes; however, almost none have well-described labor induction regimens.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to describe the various inpatient cervical ripening regimens available in the United States; discuss the evidence on the current inpatient cervical ripening regimens available for several maternal medical conditions (obesity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, advanced maternal age, and others); and explain current inpatient cervical ripening regimens available for several fetal medical conditions (preterm gestations, fetal growth restriction, and others).
Plasma neurofilament light levels show elevation prior to diagnosis of sporadic motor neuron disease in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Smith Erin N. , Lee Jonghun , Prilutsky Daria , Zicha Stephen , Wang Zemin , Han Steve , Zach Neta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveMotor neuron disease (MND) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease with profound unmet need. In pre-symptomatic mutation carriers, elevations in neurofilament light (NfL) precede symptom onset, however, the presence and timing of elevation is much more difficult to study in sporadic cases.MethodsUsing the UK Biobank cohort, we tested whether plasma NfL predicted risk of diagnosis of sporadic MND using survival analysis.ResultsWe identified 241 MND patients with pre-diagnosis NfL data, of which 203 (84%) lacked predicted loss of function or deleterious missense variants in established ALS genes. A total of 42,752 controls without MND were obtained from a random sample of UK Biobank participants. At two years pre-diagnosis, we found that NfL levels in patients exceeded the 95thpercentile of controls and that patients could be discriminated from controls at high accuracy (AUC = 0.95 (95% CI 0.89-1.01)). In participants with hospital record follow-up after study enrollment, a 2-fold increase in NfL levels was associated with a 3.4 fold risk of receiving an MND diagnosis per year (95% CI 2.9-3.9, P = 4 × 10−64)).DiscussionOur findings show that NfL can identify sporadic MND as early as 2 years prior to diagnosis.
Respiration-Triggered Olfactory Stimulation Reduces Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity – A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Perl Ofer , Kemer Lilach , Green Amit , Arish Nissim , Corcos Yael , Arzi Anat , Dagan Yaron 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-disordered breathing condition characterized by repetitive reduction in breathing during sleep. Current care standard for OSA is continuous positive air pressure devices, often suffering from low tolerance due to limited adherence. Capitalizing on the unique neurocircuitry of olfactory perception and its retained function during sleep, we conducted a pilot study to test transient, respiration-based olfactory stimulation as a treatment for OSA markers. Thirty-two OSA patients (Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI)≥15 events/hour) underwent two polysomnography sessions, ‘Odor’ and ‘Control’, in random order. In ‘Odor’ nights, patients were presented with transient respiratory-based olfactory stimulation delivered via a computer-controlled commercial olfactometer (Scentific). The olfactometer, equipped with a wireless monitoring, analyzed respiratory patterns and presented odor upon detection of respiratory events. No odors were presented in ‘Control’ nights. Following exclusions, 17 patients entered analysis (4 women, 47.4 (10.5) years, BMI: 33.8 (7.8)). We observed that olfactory stimulation during sleep reduced AHI (‘Odor’:17.2 (20.9), ‘Control’: 28.2 (18.6), z=- 3.337, p=0.000846, BF10=57.9), reflecting an average decrease of 31.3% in event number. Relatedly, stimulation reduced the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) by 26.9% (‘Odor’: 12.5 (15.8), ‘Control’: 25.7 (25.9), z=-3.337, p=0.000846, BF10=9.522. This effect was not linked to baseline OSA markers severity (ρ=-0.042, p=0.87). Olfactory stimulation did not arouse from sleep or affect sleep structure, measured as time per sleep stage (F(1,16)=0.088, p=0.77). In conclusion, olfactory stimulation during sleep was effective in reducing OSA markers severity without inducing arousals and may provide a novel treatment for OSA, prompting continued research.
PRL1 negatively regulates Rho GTPase-independent and - dependent signaling pathways maintaining actin microfilament dynamic for pavement cell morphogenesis
Authors: Gao Xiaowei , Yang Bo , Zhang Jingjing , Wang Chi , Ren Huibo , Fu Ying , Yang Zhenbiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractActin dynamic is critical for cell morphogenesis in plants, but the signaling mechanisms underlying its regulation are not well understood. Here we foundPRL1(PleiotropicRegulatoryLocus1) modulates leaf pavement cell (PC) morphogenesis in Arabidopsis by maintaining the dynamic homeostasis of actin microfilaments (MF). Our previous studies indicated PC shape formation was mediated by the counteracting ROP2 and ROP6 signaling pathways that promote the organization of cortical MF and microtubules (MT), respectively. Our genetic screen forROP6enhancers identifiedprl1alleles. Genetic analysis suggested thatprl1acted synergistically withROP2andROP6in regulation of PC morphogenesis. We further found that the activities of ROP2 and ROP6 were increased and decreased inprl1mutants, respectively. Interestinglyprl1was found to prefer to depolymerize MF independent of ROP2 and ROP6. Stress (high salinity and low temperature) induced similar changes of ROP activities as doprl1mutations. Together our findings provided evidence that PRL1 governed two signaling pathways that counteractively maintain actin dynamics and resultant cell morphogenesis.
Oncomodulin Regulates Spontaneous Calcium Signaling and Maturation of Afferent Innervation in Cochlear Outer Hair Cells
Authors: Yang Yang , Murtha Kaitlin , Climer Leslie K. , Ceriani Federico , Thompson Pierce , Hornak Aubrey J. , Marcotti Walter , Simmons Dwayne D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) are responsible for the exquisite frequency selectivity and sensitivity of mammalian hearing. During development, the maturation of OHC afferent connectivity is refined by coordinated spontaneous Ca2+activity in both sensory and non-sensory cells. Calcium signaling in neonatal OHCs can be modulated by Oncomodulin (OCM, β-parvalbumin), an EF-hand calcium-binding protein. Here, we investigated whether OCM regulates OHC spontaneous Ca2+activity and afferent connectivity during development. Using a genetically encoded Ca2+sensor (GCaMP6s) expressed in OHCs in wild-type (Ocm+/+) and Ocm knockout (Ocm-/-) littermates, we found increased spontaneous Ca2+activity and upregulation of purinergic receptors in OHCs from GCaMP6s Ocm-/-cochlea immediately following birth. The afferent synaptic maturation of OHCs was delayed in the absence of OCM, leading to an increased number of ribbon synapses and afferent fibers on GCaMP6s Ocm-/-OHCs before hearing onset. We propose that OCM regulates the spontaneous Ca2+signaling in the developing cochlea and the maturation of OHC afferent innervation.
Dissociable neuronal substrates of visual feature attention and working memory
Authors: Mendoza-Halliday Diego , Xu Haoran , Azevedo Frederico A.C. , Desimone Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAttention and working memory (WM) are distinct cognitive functions, yet given their close interactions, it has been proposed that they share the same neuronal mechanisms. Here we show that in macaques performing a WM-guided feature attention task, the activity of most neurons in areas middle temporal (MT), medial superior temporal (MST), lateral intraparietal (LIP), and posterior lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC-p) displays either WM coding or attentional modulation, but not both. One area thought to play a role in both functions is LPFC-p. To test this, we optogenetically inactivated LPFC-p bilaterally during the attention or WM periods of the task. Attention period inactivation reduced attentional modulation in LPFC-p, MST, and LIP neurons, and impaired task performance. WM period inactivation did not affect attentional modulation nor performance, and minimally reduced WM coding. Our results suggest that feature attention and WM have dissociable neuronal substrates, and that LPFC-p plays a critical role in attention but not WM.
Beyond Hearing Loss: Ageing as a Tinnitus Risk Factor
Authors: Reisinger L. , Schmidt F. , Benz K. , Vignali L. , Rösch S. , Kronbichler M. , Weisz N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTinnitus affects 10 to 15 percent of the population, but its underlying causes are not yet fully understood. Hearing loss has been established as the most important risk factor. Ageing is also known to accompany increased prevalence, however, the risk is normally seen as a consequence of (age-related) hearing loss. Whether ageing per se is a risk factor has not yet been established. We specifically focused on the effect of ageing and the relationship between age, hearing loss and tinnitus.MethodsWe used two samples for our analyses. The first, exploratory analyses, comprised 2249 Austrian individuals. The second included data from 16008 people, drawn from a publicly available dataset (NHANES). We used logistic regressions to investigate the effect of age on tinnitus.FindingsIn both samples, ageing per se was found to be a significant predictor of tinnitus. In the more decisive NHANES sample, an interaction effect was observed as well. Odds ratio analyses show that per unit increase of hearing loss the odds of reporting tinnitus is higher in older people (1.06 vs 1.03).InterpretationExpanding previous findings of hearing loss as the main risk factor for tinnitus, we established ageing as a risk factor in its own right. Underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and this work calls for urgent research efforts to link biological ageing processes, hearing loss and tinnitus. We therefore suggest a novel working hypothesis that integrates these aspects from an ageing brain viewpoint.FundingAustrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG; BRIDGE 1 project “SmartCIs,” 871232) and Land Salzburg (“Hidden Hearing Loss”, 20204-WISS/225/288/4-2021).
The selective estrogen receptor modulator clomiphene inhibits sterol biosynthesis inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Qing , De Vriese Kjell , Desmet Sandrien , Pollier Jacob , Lu Qing , Goossens Alain , Geelen Danny , Russinova Eugenia , Goeminne Geert , Beeckman Tom , Vanneste Steffen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSterols are produced via complex, multistep biosynthetic pathways involving similar enzymatic conversions in plants, animals and fungi, yielding a variety of sterol metabolites with slightly different chemical properties to exert diverse and specific functions. The role of plant sterols has been studied in the context of cell biological processes, signaling and overall plant development, mainly based on mutants. Due to their essential nature, genetic interference with their function causes pleiotropic developmental defects. An important alternative is to use a pharmacological approach. However, the current toolset for manipulating sterol biosynthesis in plants remains limited. Here, we probed a collection of inhibitors of mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis to identify new inhibitors of plant sterol biosynthesis. We provide evidence that imidazole-type fungicides, bifonazole, clotrimazole and econazole inhibit the obtusifoliol 14α-demethylase CYP51, that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. Surprisingly, we found that the selective estrogen receptor modulator, clomiphene, inhibits sterol biosynthesis, in part by inhibiting the plant-specific cyclopropyl-cycloisomerase CPI1. These results demonstrate that rescreening of the animal sterol biosynthesis pharmacology is an easy approach for identifying novel inhibitors of plant sterol biosynthesis. Such molecules can be used as entry points for the development of plant-specific inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis that can be used in agriculture.
University students' perceptions of teaching during lockdown period in Spain: a qualitative study
Authors: Gajardo Katherine , Lobo de Diego Félix , Campos Cancino Guillermo Alejandro , Díez-Gutiérrez Enrique-Javier 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThe study aims to provide relevant information on the educational processes experienced by university students in Spain during the period of compulsory confinement. To this end, the key factors of the emergency educational model implemented by the country's universities have been analysed.Design/methodology/approachThe study investigated, through qualitative, exploratory research and 30 in-depth interviews, how university students have lived the process of change to alternative forms of education during the crisis, what training experiences stand out and what factors related to virtual education they identify as relevant keys.FindingsParticipants usually focus on three main topics: (1) The impacts of changes in training development with regard to methodologies and forms of assessment; (2) The facilities and difficulties in this new modality of online training; and (3) The consequences of the crisis on higher education in the medium and long term.Originality/valueStudents participating in the study offer relevant and critical information on the adaptations developed by Spanish universities during the Coronavirus crisis. This information can be fundamental for the conscious decision making of the institutions, so that they can develop educational processes more adequate to the needs and possibilities of the university students in times of crisis.
Promoting concern for team members in Indian enterprises through personal interaction: mediating through a preference for teamwork and co-worker support
Authors: Dutta Anjali , Rangnekar Santosh 
Published: March 2023

PurposeWhat motivates employees to show concern for their team or in-group members, and why is it vital to prefer teamwork and receive support from co-workers at the workplace? Given the significance of social relations in the workplace and drawing from social exchange theory, the present study seeks to examine the association between personal interaction with concern for team members by identifying preference for teamwork and co-worker support (CWS) mediating the relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe data of 261 collected from employees working in varying public and private sector Indian enterprises were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Hayes PROCESS macro to investigate the multiple mediation analysis.FindingsThe findings showed a positive relationship between personal interaction and concern for the team member, which elaborates that increasing personal interaction among employees tends to display concern for their team members. Moreover, teamwork preference and CWS mediated the relationship, demonstrating that preferring teamwork and receiving support from co-workers, the propensity to concern for team members is influenced by personal interaction.Practical implicationsThis research pinpoints how personal interaction among members may develop a feeling of belongingness, leading to concern for their team members. With the inclusion of employees in teamwork and creating a cordial work environment, employees prefer working in groups and teams; they may feel responsible for their group and its members, ultimately helping improve the organization's human capital.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the employee and organizational development by unveiling how employees may develop cordial social relationships through personal interaction, preferring teamwork and CWS.