bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General and comparative aspects of endometritis in domestic species: A review
Authors: Pascottini O. Bogado , Aurich C. , England G. , Grahofer A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEndometritis is a leading cause of sub‐ and infertility in domestic animal species. The healthy uterus is colonized by commensal bacteria, viruses and yeast/fungi that represent the nonpathogenic microbiota. A shift in the number or type of organisms accompanied by immune dysfunction, however, may trigger uterine infection and inflammation. Metritis is associated with inflammation of all uterine layers (endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium), whereas endometritis is a more superficial inflammation involving solely the endometrium. Endometritis generally occurs at two time points in domestic animal species, postpartum and postmating. Postpartum endometritis may chronically persist, either as a low‐grade disease that often manifests as a vaginal discharge but not a systemic illness (in some species termed clinical endometritis) or sometimes subclinical where features are only detected by endometrial sampling. Contamination of the uterus at the time of mating occurs by direct deposition of semen (ejaculated or artificially inseminated) into the uterus. Improper drainage of the ejaculatory fluid or an inadequate immune response may result in persistent mating‐induced endometritis. Both postpartum and postmating endometritis interferes with fertility by creating a suboptimal environment for embryo development and placentation, and chronic endometritis may have an impact on sperm survival and fertilization ability. In the postpartum animal, there may also be changes in milk production and maternal behaviour, which can affect offspring health and survival. Preventive strategies for endometritis largely depend on monitoring their known risk factors, which are sometimes specific with regard to the species. Effective, nonantibiotic therapy for endometritis is not available to date. Overall, extensive research has been performed in cattle and horses to unravel key aspects of endometritis, but in sows and bitches, the available literature is scant. Thus, the need and opportunity to investigate the condition vary considerably among domestic species and necessitate their comparative assessment. This article reviews general and comparative aspects of the diagnosis and classification, pathogenesis, preventive strategies and therapeutics of endometritis in domestic species with a specific focus on cows, mares, sows and bitches.
Pregnancy monitoring in mares: Ultrasonographic and endocrine approaches
Authors: Renaudin Catherine D. , Conley Alan J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMethods to diagnose and monitor equine pregnancy continue to advance with improved instrumentation enabling the development of novel, non‐invasive approaches to assess fetal well‐being and viability using ultrasound and endocrine testing. From early embryonic loss to placentitis, that is typically encountered later in gestation, fetal viability and development as well as placental function can be evaluated using two fundamentally different, structural and functional, approaches. Ultrasound provides structural information on embryonic and fetal growth using such parameters as combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP), visual assessment of fetal fluids, activity, heart rate and multiple biometrics involving the fetal head and eyes, limbs and joints among many others, depending on the stage of gestation. Endocrine profiles that include progesterone and 5α‐dihydroprogesterone, other metabolites, androgens and estrogens can be evaluated simultaneously using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) providing more functional information on fetal and placental competence and development. Endocrine information can be used in making clinical decisions including the need for progestin supplementation or when it can cease, and even estimating gestational stage in mares that cannot be easily palpated or scanned, as with mini‐breeds or rancorous animals most notably. When used together, monitoring gestation by ultrasound and hormonal analysis provides unusual insight into feto‐placental well‐being and the progress of pregnancy, helping to identify problems needing therapeutic intervention.
Long‐term poor sleep quality is associated with adverse donor reactions in college students in Central China: A population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ke Songqing , Xu Pu , Xiong Jing , Xu Lijia , Ma Mengdi , Du Xiaoan , Yang Ru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAdverse donor reaction (ADR) could adversely impact the recruitment and retention of blood donors, but the evidence of effect of sleep quality on ADR is limited and controversial. The goal of this study was to explore the association between the sleep quality and ADR among college students in Wuhan.Materials and MethodsThe college student blood donors in Wuhan from March to May 2022 were recruited. Self‐compiled general information questionnaire and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were investigated by convenience sampling. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association.ResultsAmong 1014 participants included in this study, 63 were in the ADR group and 951 were in the non‐ADR group. Compared with the non‐ADR group, the PSQI scores of ADR group were higher (3.44 ± 1.81 vs. 2.78 ± 1.82, p < 0.01). The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting gender, body mass index, blood donation history and other potential confounding factors, higher PSQI scores were related to the occurrence of ADRs (odds ratio = 1.231, 95% confidence interval 1.075–1.405), that is, the worse the sleep quality, the more likely the ADRs will occur.ConclusionThe long‐term poor sleep quality of college students is a risk factor for the occurrence of ADRs. It should be identified early before blood donation to reduce the incidence of ADRs and improve the safety and satisfaction of donors.
Bifurcations and Stability Analysis of Elastic Slender Structures Using Static Discrete Elastic Rods Method
Authors: Huang Weicheng , Zhang Yingchao , Yu Tian , Liu Mingchao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Discrete elastic rods (DER) method provides a computationally efficient means of simulating the nonlinear dynamics of one-dimensional slender structures. However, this dynamic-based framework can only provide first-order stable equilibrium configuration when combined with the dynamic relaxation method, while the unstable equilibria and potential critical points (i.e., bifurcation and fold point) cannot be obtained, which are important for understanding the bifurcation and stability landscape of slender bodies. Our approach modifies the existing DER technique from dynamic simulation to a static framework and computes eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the tangential stiffness matrix after each load incremental step for bifurcation and stability analysis. This treatment can capture both stable and unstable equilibrium modes, critical points, and trace solution curves. Three representative types of structures—beams, strips, and gridshells—are used as demonstrations to show the effectiveness of the modified numerical framework, which provides a robust tool for unveiling the bifurcation and multistable behaviors of slender structures.
A Novel Integrated Design Method of Parallel Mechanisms Based on Performance Requirements
Authors: Li Shihua , Niu Yunzhan , Xu Jilong , Yu Haibo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Due to the lack of connection between configuration synthesis and performance indices, many configurations obtained cannot meet the performance requirements, increasing the difficulty of configuration selection and prolonging the design cycle of the parallel mechanism (PM). In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an inverse Jacobian matrix construction method based on performance indices. The method is realized by constructing singular values and singular vectors directly related to the performance indices. Furthermore, based on the screw expression form of the inverse Jacobian matrix, a new integrated design method that can directly meet the performance requirements is proposed. Finally, a novel ankle rehabilitation mechanism is presented using this method, and the correctness and effectiveness of the integrated design method are verified by theoretical analysis. Meanwhile, the analysis results show that the proposed method can effectively shorten PM’s design time and simplify PM’s design process, which has a good application value.
Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry Measurements of Internal Blade Cooling Flow and Computational Fluid Dynamic Validation by Data Matching With the Experimental Data
Authors: Wüstenhagen Carolin , Domnick Clemens , John Kristine , Bruschewski Martin , Grundmann Sven 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The optimal Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) turbulence model to be used in a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation varies depending on the application. Conventionally, the model is selected from benchmark tests and experience, but its performance is difficult to predict. For this reason, this study presents a cost-effective CFD validation routine, which uses three-dimensional experimental velocity data obtained in replicas of the specific flow system. Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry is used as the measurement technique. Since the objective is only the validation of the turbulence model, the experiment and the simulation are performed with simplified flow conditions, hence stationary isothermal isovolumetric flow without inertial forces. The routine applies a data-matching routine to align the two three-dimensional data sets before they are interpolated on a common grid. Various error metrics are presented, which provide the degree of the CFD modeling error and indicate its source. For demonstration, the validation routine is used to evaluate RANS-CFD results of a three-pass internal cooling system of a high-pressure turbine airfoil used in a small industrial gas turbine. The simulations are performed with the eddy-viscosity-based turbulence model k–ω shear stress transport (SST), the Reynolds-stress Speziale, Sarkar and Gatski (SSG), and baseline-Explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model turbulence (BSL-EARSM) models. The results indicate strong local errors in the examined turbulence models. None of the models performed well enough, underlining that every RANS-CFD application needs to be validated.
Computational Study of Heat Exchange and Thermal Oxidative Coking of Supercritical-Pressure Kerosene With Compressed Air in Counterflows
Authors: Tan Ting , Yuan Yuan , Sun Xing , Meng Hua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Cooled Cooling Air (CCA) technology could be effectively used in an advanced gas turbine engine to reduce temperature of the highly compressed air and recover its cooling capacity, using the onboard fuel as coolant. Computational investigations are conducted to analyze heat exchange between the supercritical-pressure aviation kerosene and the compressed high-temperature air in a double-pipe counterflow configuration, intended for the CCA applications. The thermal oxidation reactions and surface coking of kerosene are taken into consideration based on a validated chemical mechanism. Results indicate that the air tube diameter should be determined to obtain not only the improved overall thermal performance on the air side, regarding both heat transfer and pressure drop, but also the properly limited maximum temperature on the fuel side to avoid the strong pyrolysis chemical reactions of kerosene and the resulting fast surface coking process. Although the ribbed and dimpled surface structures are both able to improve the overall thermal performance in the fuel tube and increase the bulk air temperature reduction, they also lead to the increased surface coking rate from the thermal oxidation reactions. The thermal oxidative coking process would gradually increase heat transfer barrier and cause an adverse effect on the long-time and efficient operation of a heat exchanger. Numerical results obtained in this paper should have fundamental and practical importance in CCA applications.
U–Pb Age of Detrital Zircon in the Cement of Early Precambrian Polymict Conglomerates of the Central Karelia Domain, Karelian Province, Fennoscandian Shield
Authors: Kucherovskiy G. A. , Chekulaev V. P. , Kuznetsov A. B. , Egorova J. S. , Arestova N. A. , Zaitseva T. S. , Adamskaya E. V. , Plotkina Yu. V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
U–Th–Pb LA-ICP-MS was used for dating detrital zircon extracted from the cement of Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic polymict conglomerates of the Karelian Province, Fennoscandian Shield. The chemical composition of terrigenous and volcanogenic rocks of the Gimolskaya Formation is presented for the first time. The data obtained showed that the detrital zircon from the cement of conglomerates of different ages yields similar results of about 2750 Ma. The clasts of the gneiss tonalite and plagioporphyry dominate in the Neoarchean conglomerates of the Sukkosero area. They are identical in chemical composition with the Neoarchean (2.78–2.73 Ga) TTG, granodiorite, and metadacite of the Central Karelian domain. These rocks are distinguished by an increased content of Ba (900–1200 ppm) and Sr (600–700 ppm), and the ratios Sr/Y = 34–90 and (La/Yb)n = 17–30. The chemical composition of the cement (values of CIA < 55 and negative values of the function DF(x)) from –1.0 to –0.4 is similar to the composition of clasts, which means the cement is composed of finer clasts of the same rocks. The Paleoproterozoic conglomerates of the Vottomuks area contain zircon from felsic rocks of the Neoarchean basement. The chemical composition of the cement of the Paleoproterozoic conglomerates and the predominance of basaltic andesites of Sumian are evidence of the post-Sumian(<2.45 Ga) age of these rocks. The absence of the Paleoproterozoic zircon in cement could have resulted from its absence in the Paleoproterozoic source rocks. The age of Neoarchean conglomerates from the Gimolskaya Formation is less than 2.75 Ga.
Factors associated with recognition at work among nurses and the impact of recognition at work on health-related quality of life, job satisfaction and psychological health: a single-centre, cross-sectional study in Morocco
Authors: Alahiane Latifa , Zaam Youssef , Abouqal Redouane , Belayachi Jihane 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo describe the sociodemographic, occupational and health factors that influence nurses’ recognition at work and to examine a recognition pathway model to assess the relationship between recognition at work and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), job satisfaction, anxiety and depression.DesignThis is a cross-sectional observational study with prospective data collection based on a self-report questionnaire.SettingUniversity hospital centre in Morocco.ParticipantsThe study included 223 nurses with at least 1 year of practice at the bedside in care units.MeasuresWe included the sociodemographic, occupational and health characteristics of each participant. The Fall Amar instrument was used to measure job recognition. HRQOL was measured using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 12. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression. Job satisfaction was measured using a rating scale (ranging from 0 to 10). Path analysis was used to examine the nurse recognition pathway model to assess the relationship between nurse recognition at work and key variables.ResultsThe participation rate in this study was 79.3%. Institutional recognition was significantly correlated with gender, midwifery specialty and normal work schedule: β=−5.10 (−8.06, −2.14), β=−5.13 (−8.66, −1.60) and β=−4.28 (−6.85, −1.71), respectively. Significant correlations were found between recognition from superiors and gender, mental health specialisation and normal work schedule: β=−5.71 (−9.39, −2.03), β=−5.96 (−11.17, −0.75) and β=−4.04(−7.23, −0.85), respectively. Recognition from coworkers was significantly associated with mental health specialisation: β=−5.09 (−9.16, −1.01). The trajectory analysis model found that supervisor recognition had the best impact on anxiety, job satisfaction and HRQOL.ConclusionsRecognition from superiors is important in maintaining nurses’ psychological health, HRQOL and job satisfaction. Therefore, managers in hospitals should address the issue of recognition at work as a potential personal, professional and organisational lever.
Contextually appropriate communication strategies for COVID-19 prevention in Kenya border regions: evidence from a mixed methods observational study in Busia and Mandera counties
Authors: Kaduka Lydia , Olale Joanna , Karamanos Alexis , Mutai Joseph , Coultas Clare , Ahmed Ismail , L'Esperance Veline , Read Ursula , Dazzan Paola , Cruickshank John Kennedy , Muniu Erastus , Harding Seeromanie 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesKenya has long and porous borders with its neighbouring countries. These regions, predominantly inhabited by highly mobile rural communities with strong cross-border cultural ties, present major challenges in managing movement of people and COVID-19 preventive measures. Our study sought to assess knowledge of COVID-19 prevention behaviours, how these varied by socioeconomic (SEC) factors and the challenges of engagement and implementation, in two border counties of Kenya.MethodsWe conducted a mixed methods study using a household e-survey (Busia, N=294; Mandera, N=288; 57% females, 43% males), and qualitative telephone interviews (N=73: Busia 55; Mandera 18) with policy actors, healthcare workers, truckers and traders, and community members. Interviews were transcribed, English translated and analysed using the framework method. Associations between SEC (wealth quintiles, educational level) and knowledge of COVID-19 preventive behaviours were explored using Poisson regression.ResultsParticipants were mostly educated to primary school level (54.4% Busia, 61.6% Mandera). Knowledge of COVID-19 prevention varied by behaviour: hand washing-86.5%, use of hand sanitiser-74.8%, wearing a face mask-63.1%, covering the mouth when sneezing or coughing-56.3% and social distancing-40.1%. Differences in knowledge by area, educational level and the wealth index were marked, greatest for Mandera, the less educated and the poor. Interviews with stakeholders revealed challenges in health messaging, psychosocial and socioeconomic factors, lack of preparedness for truck border crossings, language barrier, denial and livelihood insecurity as key challenges to engagement with and implementation of COVID-19 prevention behaviours in the border regions.ConclusionThe influence of SEC disparities and border dynamics on knowledge and engagement with COVID-19 prevention behaviours calls for contextually appropriate risk communication strategies that are cognisant of community needs and local patterns of information flow. Coordinating response measures across border points is crucial in winning communities’ trust and maintaining essential economic and social activities.
Predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors associated with opioid addiction helping behaviour in tri-state Appalachian counties: application of the PRECEDE–PROCEED model–cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Wilkerson Amanda H , Sharma Manoj , Davis Robert E , Stephens Philip M , Kim Richard W , Bhati Deepak , Nahar Vinayak K 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThe overdose epidemic was designated a ‘Public Health Emergency’ in the USA on 26 October 2017, bringing attention to the severity of this public health problem. The Appalachian region remains substantially impacted by the effects from years of overprescription of opioids, and subsequently opioid non-medical use and addiction. This study aims to examine the utility of the PRECEDE–PROCEED model constructs (ie, predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors) to explain opioid addiction helping behaviour (ie, helping someone who has an opioid addiction) among members of the public living in tri-state Appalachian counties.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingRural county in the Appalachian region of the USA.ParticipantsA total of 213 participants from a retail mall in a rural Appalachian Kentucky county completed the survey. Most participants were between the ages of 18 and 30 years (n=68; 31.9%) and identified as men (n=139; 65.3%).Primary outcome measureOpioid addiction helping behaviour.ResultsThe regression model was significant (F(6, 180)=26.191, p<0.001) and explained 44.8% of the variance in opioid addiction helping behaviour (R2=0.448). Attitude towards helping someone with opioid addiction (B=0.335; p<0.001), behavioural skills (B=0.208; p=0.003), reinforcing factors (B=0.190; p=0.015) and enabling factors (B=0.195; p=0.009) were all significantly associated with opioid addiction helping behaviour.ConclusionsPRECEDE–PROCEED model constructs have utility to explain opioid addiction helping behaviour among individuals in a region greatly impacted by the overdose epidemic. This study provides an empirically tested framework for future programmes addressing helping behaviour related to opioid non-medical use.
Impact of pausing elective hip and knee replacement surgery during winter 2017 on subsequent service provision at a major NHS Trust: a descriptive observational study using interrupted time series
Authors: Jones Tim , Penfold Chris , Redaniel Maria Theresa , Eyles Emily , Keen Tim , Elliott Andrew , Blom Ashley W , Judge Andrew 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the impact of a temporary cancellation of elective surgery in winter 2017 on trends in primary hip and knee replacement at a major National Health Service (NHS) Trust, and whether lessons can be learnt about efficient surgery provision.Design and settingObservational descriptive study using interrupted time series analysis of hospital records to explore trends in primary hip and knee replacement surgery at a major NHS Trust, as well as patient characteristics, 2016–2019.InterventionA temporary cancellation of elective services for 2 months in winter 2017.OutcomesNHS-funded hospital admissions for primary hip or knee replacement, length of stay and bed occupancy. Additionally, we explored the ratio of elective to emergency admissions at the Trust as a measure of elective capacity, and the ratio of public to private provision of NHS-funded hip and knee surgery.ResultsAfter winter 2017, there was a sustained reduction in the number of knee replacements, a decrease in the proportion of most deprived people having knee replacements and an increase in average age for knee replacement and comorbidity for both types of surgery. The ratio of public to private provision dropped after winter 2017, and elective capacity generally has reduced over time. There was clear seasonality in provision of elective surgery, with less complex patients admitted during winter.ConclusionsDeclining elective capacity and seasonality has a marked effect on the provision of joint replacement, despite efficiency improvements in hospital treatment. The Trust has outsourced less complex patients to independent providers, and/or treated them during winter when capacity is most limited. There is a need to explore whether these are strategies that could be used explicitly to maximise the use of limited elective capacity, provide benefit to patients and value for money for taxpayers.