bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Norway spruce shelter density and soil scarification method on mortality and height growth of underplanted European beech, European silver fir and Douglas fir
Authors: Reventlow D O J , Nord-Larsen T , Sørensen H , Skovsgaard J P 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn Europe, 6–7 million ha even-aged, pure stands of Norway spruce grown outside its natural range are prone to butt rot, windthrow, and bark beetle infestation. Climate change may well accelerate these problems and there is an urgent need to develop methods for converting Norway spruce plantations into more heterogeneous forest with larger resistance and resilience towards natural disturbances. Based on a field experiment located on former heathland on an outwash plain in western Denmark, we examined the mortality and height growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) planted under a shelterwood of 17–19 m tall Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) at shelter densities initially ranging by basal area from 10 to 36 m2 ha−1 (271–1099 stems ha−1). Underplanting included plots of beech (100 per cent) and silver fir (100 per cent) as well as plots with two-species mixtures of silver fir/beech (66 per cent/33 per cent and 33 per cent/66 per cent) and Douglas fir/beech (66 per cent/33 per cent). The experiment also included two soil scarification methods (patch and strip scarification). The experiment was laid out in an unbalanced factorial split-plot design, replicated in time and space, and totaling 144 plots in four blocks. The experiment was followed for 19 years during which a gradual reduction in shelter density took place although in some plots the shelterwood was removed abruptly by windthrow and bark beetle infestation. Shelter densities larger than 10 m2 ha−1 had only a minor effect on the mortality of beech and silver fir, while shelter densities larger than 20 m2 ha−1 resulted in increased mortality of Douglas fir. Subsequent abrupt reduction in shelter density resulted in increased mortality, especially of silver fir. Height growth decreased with increasing shelter density, more for Douglas fir than for beech, and marginally more for beech than for silver fir. For shelter densities &lt;15 m2 ha−1, height growth of silver fir was unaffected. Beech grew faster when mixed with Douglas fir. The soil scarification method did not influence mortality, but strip scarification resulted in marginally larger height growth than patch scarification. We hypothesize that the shelter effect was related mainly to competition for light, while late frost and browsing were important factors in open shelters (&lt;10 m2 ha−1). Based on these results, recommended initial shelter densities are at or &lt;10 m2 ha−1 for the establishment of Douglas fir, at ~15–20 m2 ha−1 for silver fir, and around 15 m2 ha−1 for beech.
Chromosome-level genome of the three-spot damselfish, Dascyllus trimaculatus
Authors: Roberts May B , Schultz Darrin T , Gatins Remy , Escalona Merly , Bernardi Giacomo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Damselfishes (Family: Pomacentridae) are a group of ecologically important, primarily coral reef fishes that include over 400 species. Damselfishes have been used as model organisms to study recruitment (anemonefishes), the effects of ocean acidification (spiny damselfish), population structure, and speciation (Dascyllus). The genus Dascyllus includes a group of small-bodied species, and a complex of relatively larger bodied species, the Dascyllus trimaculatus species complex that is comprised of several species including D. trimaculatus itself. The three-spot damselfish, D. trimaculatus, is a widespread and common coral reef fish species found across the tropical Indo-Pacific. Here, we present the first-genome assembly of this species. This assembly contains 910 Mb, 90% of the bases are in 24 chromosome-scale scaffolds, and the Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs score of the assembly is 97.9%. Our findings confirm previous reports of a karyotype of 2n = 47 in D. trimaculatus in which one parent contributes 24 chromosomes and the other 23. We find evidence that this karyotype is the result of a heterozygous Robertsonian fusion. We also find that the D. trimaculatus chromosomes are each homologous with single chromosomes of the closely related clownfish species, Amphiprion percula. This assembly will be a valuable resource in the population genomics and conservation of Damselfishes, and continued studies of the karyotypic diversity in this clade.
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy as a Screening Tool for Osteosarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Women
Authors: Freitas Raysa Vanessa de Medeiros , de Freitas Daniel Lucas Dantas , de Oliveira Igor Rafael Damasceno , dos Santos Gomes Cristiano , Guerra Gerlane Coelho Bernardo , Dantas Paulo Moreira Silva , da Silva Tales Gomes , Duque Gustavo , de Lima Kassio Michell Gomes , Guerra Ricardo Oliveira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Osteosarcopenia is a complex geriatric syndrome characterized by the presence of both sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis. This condition increases rates of disability, falls, fractures, mortality, and mobility impairments in older adults. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy diagnostic power for osteosarcopenia in community-dwelling older women (n = 64; 32 osteosarcopenic and 32 non-osteosarcopenia). FTIR is a fast and reproducible technique highly sensitive to biological tissues, and a mathematical model was created using multivariate classification techniques that denoted the graphic spectra of the molecular groups. Genetic algorithm and support vector machine regression (GA–SVM) was the most feasible model, achieving 80.0% of accuracy. GA–SVM identified 15 wave numbers responsible for class differentiation, in which several amino acids (responsible for the proper activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin) and hydroxyapatite (an inorganic bone component) were observed. Imaging tests and low availability of instruments that allow the observation of osteosarcopenia involve high health costs for patients and restrictive indications. Therefore, FTIR can be used to diagnose osteosarcopenia due to its efficiency and low cost and to enable early detection in geriatric services, contributing to advances in science and technology that are potential “conventional” methods in the future.
Association of Arts Event Attendance With Cognitive Function Among Older Adults Enrolled in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Ike John David , Choi Hwa Jung , Cho Tsai-Chin , Howell Joel D , Langa Kenneth M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Among the cognitively impaired, arts engagement is associated with improved neurocognitive symptoms. Less is known about arts engagement as a potentially modifiable lifestyle factor to prevent or slow cognitive decline. Our aim was to evaluate the association between arts event attendance and cognition.

Research Design and Methods
We used data from the 2014 and 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study to evaluate the association between arts event attendance and cognition using multivariable linear regressions. Arts event attendance in 2014 was our exposure of interest and included visiting an art museum or art gallery; attending an arts or crafts fair; attending a live performance (concert, play, or reading); and/or going to a movie theater. Cognitive function in 2016 measured on a 27-point scale by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status was our main outcome of interest.

Results
Of the 1,149 participants included in the final analysis, 70.7% attended an arts event. The mean baseline cognitive score was higher among those who attended art events (16.8 [standard deviation {SD}, ±3.8] vs 13.8 [SD, ±5.0]; p &lt; .001). In our multivariable regressions, those who attended arts events in 2014 exhibited higher cognitive scores in 2016 after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, health, and baseline cognitive covariates (β, 1.07 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.50–1.64]; p &lt; .001). This association was primarily observed in those with lower baseline cognitive function (β, 1.19 [95% CI, 0.33–2.06]; p = .008).

Discussion and Implications
Arts event attendance may be associated with better cognitive function. Given concerns for residual confounding and reverse causality, this association warrants further study.
End-of-life topic avoidance among gender-diverse young adults: the importance of normalizing gender-affirming end-of-life conversations
Authors: Whitestone Stephenson Brooks , Linz Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis qualitative interview study examines the perceived challenges and obstructions that emerging transgender and gender-diverse adults (TGD, ages 18–30 years) face when considering end-of-life conversations (EOL) with their family members. While not yet normalized in the trans community, gender-affirming EOL conversations are critically important in a population where episodes of postmortem identity distortion have been observed. Data collected suggest that most of the participants have not engaged in such conversations and that many anticipate difficulty initiating a conversation that includes not one, but two, traditional communication taboos: death and queerness. Among the challenges to open discourse were group identity factors including the family’s religious beliefs, cultural norms, and political affiliations, as well as hesitancies to enter into discussions that might suggest an impending death or suicide. Results also showed that the anticipation of a more positive conversational outcome was consistent with a reduced desire to participate in avoidance behavior. For many, however, it was simply considered too “weird,” “awkward,” or “harsh” for a young adult to discuss their own death with their parents. This “awkwardness” is considered normative throughout U.S. culture, but repercussions for TGD individuals are significant. For those who exist outside the mainstream gender binary, the normalization of gender-affirming EOL is indicated in order to make such conversations more accessible, effective, and nonawkward.
An extension of advice response theory over time
Authors: Guntzviller Lisa M , Pulido Manuel D , Kelpinski Lindsay F , Makos Shana , Rollins Déjà D , Zenzola Nicole V , Babu Sara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe examined advice response theory’s (ART) propositions over time with mixed methods. College students (N = 122) received advice from a close other (predominantly White U.S. friends) and completed surveys preconversation, postconversation, and approximately 12 days postconversation, as well as essays 4 weeks postconversation. ART’s propositions about direct and indirect effects were partially supported: recipient preconversation evaluations of relational satisfaction indirectly predicted later implementation intentions and actual enactment via efficacy ratings. ART’s understudied moderation propositions were not supported when using ability and motivation as moderators, which we selected based on dual-processing logic. Qualitative analyses reinforced that participant views were predominantly favorable and unchanging. They also indicated that dual-processing might vary based on whether recipients remember the advice and factors such as problem and solution complexity, emotional reactions to advice, and ongoing discussions of complex problems in close relationships. We discuss implications for advice and interpersonal research.
Stress Induces Prolonged Pain Recovery After Surgery: Involvement of Glucocorticoid-Related Pathway
Authors: Sun Jing , Xu Wenhua , Ye Han , Tang Dingzhong , Jiang Yan , Kang Yuqing , Pan Jianchun , Zhu Junfeng , Zhou Min , Chen Ling 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence suggests that chronic stress increases pain sensitivity and exacerbates existing pain. However, whether and how chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) affects surgical pain is unclear.MethodsA postsurgical pain model was performed by longitudinal incision from 0.3 cm of the proximal edge of the heel toward the toes. The skin was sutured, and the wound site was covered. Sham surgery groups underwent the same procedure without an incision. The short-term CUS procedure was conducted by exposure of mice to 2 different stressors each day for 7 days. The behavior tests were conducted between 9:00 am and 4:00 pm. Mice were killed on day 19, and the mouse bilateral L4/5 dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, anterior cingulate and insular cortex, and amygdala were collected for immunoblot analyses.ResultsPresurgical exposure of mice to CUS every day for 1–7 days showed significant depression-like behavior as evidenced by reduced sucrose preference in the sucrose consumption test and prolonged immobility time in the forced swimming task. This short-term CUS procedure did not affect the basal nociceptive response to mechanical and cold stimuli in the Von Frey and acetone-induced allodynia tests, but it delayed pain recovery after surgery, as indicated by the prolonged hypersensitivity in mechanical and cold stimuli by 12 days. The subsequent studies demonstrated that this CUS caused an increase in adrenal gland index. The abnormalities in pain recovery and adrenal gland index after surgery were reversed by a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU38486. Moreover, the prolonged pain recovery after surgery induced by CUS seemed to involve an increase in GR expression and decreases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate, phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in emotion-related brain regions, such as anterior cingulate and insular cortex, amygdala, dorsal horn, and dorsal root ganglion.ConclusionsThis finding indicates that stress-induced GR change may result in dysfunction of GR-related neuroprotective pathway.
Smile, YOU'RE Being Watched: Digital Privacy and Risk Perception Regarding Data Sharing on Social Networks
Authors: Arruda Filho Emílio José Montero , Gammarano Igor de Jesus Lobato Pompeu , Duarte Edmilson Marcelo Corrêa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study analyzes how users perceive the risks associated with privacy loss on social networks and behave in response to these perceived risks. Specifically, it studies how privacy literacy influences privacy-related risk perceptions concerning the usage of personal information on social networks, and the relationship between the user's privacy concerns and their sharing behavior on social media. The privacy paradox concept is evaluated in this context with respect to the ambiguous values and perceptions that social network users have, wherein they experience concerns regarding their privacy in specific environments but continue to share their information and personal content via these channels regardless. The research adopts a qualitative exploratory approach using semi-structured interviews and content analysis, with Facebook as the focal social network. Four categorical headlines are identified, supporting specific findings that indicate that risk perceptions concerning privacy do impact users' privacy concerns, but do not influence individuals to reduce sharing data. Thus, although some users perceive risks involved in these practices, they continue to share data, ignoring the fact that this may be to their detriment and instead focusing on characteristics that support their sharing. The findings indicate that social interaction benefits obtained from social, hedonic and utilitarian elements provided via the social network lead users to take risks regarding online self-exposure based on their desires and social values.
Marie Neurath: Designing Bilston’s Housing Exhibition
Authors: Pedersen Pia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Marie Neurath was a pioneer in information design who co-developed the graphic approach Isotype and co-founded the Isotype Institute. This article elaborates on Marie’s creation of an educational exhibition in 1946 in Bilston, UK, advocating for a slum clearance project in a working-class neighborhood of Bilston. For over ten months, Marie carefully designed twelve charts that would help viewers understand the importance of the project for health and happiness. Despite being one of Isotype’s most visionary schemes for public education, Marie’s original contribution is unclear, in part because a new town clerk changed the housing exhibition at the last minute, bringing in “attractions” such as an ant farm and related cartoons. This article draws on correspondence, sketches, and notes from The Otto and Marie Neurath Isotype Collection at the University of Reading to show that Marie’s work should be recognized as a central contribution in the Bilston work.
The Professors’ Professor: The American Students of August Krogh
Authors: Lyngs Allan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the creation and development of an international social network between physiologists in Denmark and the United States in the period 1907-1939. At the center of the network was the Danish physiologist and 1920 Nobel Laureate August Krogh and his Zoophysiological Laboratory at the University of Copenhagen. In total, sixteen Americans were visiting researchers at the Zoophysiological Laboratory until 1939, and more than half of them were at some point in their career affiliated with Harvard University. For many of them, their visit would be the start of a long-term connection with Krogh and the broader network. This paper shows how the American visitors, Krogh, and the Zoophysiological Laboratory benefitted from being part of this network of top researchers in physiology and medicine. The visits themselves provided the Zoophysiological Laboratory with intellectual stimulus and more manpower for its research, while the American visitors received training and developed research ideas. Beyond the visits, the network gave the members, especially the central figures such as August Krogh, access to advice, job offers, funding and travel opportunities.
NK cells in COVID-19—from disease to vaccination
Authors: Hammer Quirin , Cuapio Angelica , Bister Jonna , Björkström Niklas K , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Natural killer cells participate in the host innate immune response to viral infection. Conversely, natural killer cell dysfunction and hyperactivation can contribute to tissue damage and immunopathology. Here, we review recent studies with respect to natural killer cell activity during infection with SARS-CoV-2. Discussed are initial reports of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, which revealed prompt natural killer cell activation during the acute disease state. Another hallmark of COVID-19, early on observed, was a decrease in numbers of natural killer cells in the circulation. Data from patients with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as from in vitro models demonstrated strong anti–SARS-CoV-2 activity by natural killer cells, likely through direct cytotoxicity as well as indirectly by secreting cytokines. Additionally, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying natural killer cell recognition of SARS-CoV-2–infected cells, which involve triggering of multiple activating receptors, including NKG2D, as well as loss of inhibition through NKG2A. Discussed is also the ability of natural killer cells to respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. With respect to natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, we review studies demonstrating how hyperactivation and misdirected NK cell responses could contribute to disease course. Finally, while knowledge is still rather limited, we discuss current insights suggesting a contribution of an early natural killer cell activation response in the generation of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination with anti–SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.
N-palmitoylethanolamide synergizes the antinociception of morphine and gabapentin in the formalin test in mice
Authors: Déciga-Campos Myrna , Jaramillo-Morales Osmar Antonio , Espinosa-Juárez Josué Vidal , Aguilera-Martínez María Elena , Ventura-Martínez Rosa , López-Muñoz Francisco Javier 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
The antinociceptive pharmacological interaction between N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and morphine (MOR), as well as gabapentin (GBP), was investigated to obtain synergistic antinociception at doses where side effects were minimal. In addition, the possible antinociceptive mechanism of PEA + MOR or PEA + GBP combinations was explored.

Methods
Individual dose-response curves (DRCs) of PEA, MOR and GBP were evaluated in female mice in which intraplantar nociception was induced with 2% formalin. Isobolographic method was used to detect the pharmacological interaction in the combination of PEA + MOR or PEA + GBP.

Key findings
The ED50 was calculated from the DRC; the order of potency was MOR &gt; PEA &gt; GBP. The isobolographic analysis was obtained at a 1:1 ratio to determine the pharmacological interaction. The experimental values of flinching (PEA + MOR, Zexp = 2.72 ± 0.2 μg/paw and PEA + GBP Zexp = 2.77 ± 0.19 μg/paw) were significantly lower than those calculated theoretically (PEA + MOR Zadd = 7.78 ± 1.07 and PEA + GBP Zadd = 24.05 ± 1.91 μg/paw), resulting in synergistic antinociception. Pretreatment with GW6471 and naloxone demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and opioid receptors are involved in both interactions.

Conclusions
These results suggest that MOR and GBP synergistically enhance PEA-induced antinociception through PPARα and opioid receptor mechanisms. Furthermore, the results suggest that combinations containing PEA with MOR or GBP could be of interest in aiding the treatment of inflammatory pain.
Modelling Supra-Classical Logic in a Boltzmann Neural Network: II Incongruence
Authors: Blanchette Glenn , Robins Anthony 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Information present in any training set of vectors for machine learning can be interpreted in two different ways, either as whole states or as individual atomic units. In this paper, we show that these alternative information distributions are often inherently incongruent within the training set. When learning with a Boltzmann machine, modifications in the network architecture can select one type of distributional information over the other; favouring the activation of either state exemplar or atomic characteristics.
This choice of distributional information is of relevance when considering the representation of knowledge in logic. Traditional logic only utilises preference that is the correlate of whole state exemplar frequency. We propose that knowledge representation derived from atomic characteristic activation frequencies is the correlate of compositional typicality, which currently has limited formal definition or application in logic. Further, we argue by counter-example, that any representation of typicality by ‘most preferred model semantics’ is inadequate. We provide a definition of typicality derived from the probability of characteristic features; based on neural network modelling.