bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trading under the proof‐of‐stake protocol – A continuous‐time control approach
Authors: Tang Wenpin , Yao David D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe develop a continuous‐time control approach to optimal trading in a Proof‐of‐Stake (PoS) blockchain, formulated as a consumption‐investment problem that aims to strike the optimal balance between a participant's (or agent's) utility from holding/trading stakes and utility from consumption. We present solutions via dynamic programming and the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations. When the utility functions are linear or convex, we derive close‐form solutions and show that the bang‐bang strategy is optimal (i.e., always buy or sell at full capacity). Furthermore, we bring out the explicit connection between the rate of return in trading/holding stakes and the participant's risk‐adjusted valuation of the stakes. In particular, we show when a participant is risk‐neutral or risk‐seeking, corresponding to the risk‐adjusted valuation being a martingale or a sub‐martingale, the optimal strategy must be to either buy all the time, sell all the time, or first buy then sell, and with both buying and selling executed at full capacity. We also propose a risk‐control version of the consumption‐investment problem; and for a special case, the “stake‐parity” problem, we show a mean‐reverting strategy is optimal.
Vascularization underlies differences in sexually selected skin coloration in a wild primate
Authors: DeLacey Patricia M. , Sen Sharmi , Schneider‐Crease India A. , Chiou Kenneth L. , Lemma Alemayehu , Ayele Ferehiwot , Haile Abebaw Azanaw , Lu Amy , Bergman Thore J. , Beehner Jacinta C. , Snyder‐Mackler Noah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMale reproductive competition can select for condition‐dependent, conspicuous traits that signal some aspect of fighting ability and facilitate assessment of potential rivals. However, the underlying mechanisms that link the signal to a male's current condition are difficult to investigate in wild populations, often requiring invasive experimental manipulation. Here, we use digital photographs and chest skin samples to investigate the mechanisms of a visual signal used in male competition in a wild primate, the red chest patch in geladas (Theropithecus gelada). We analysed photographs collected during natural (n = 144) and anaesthetized conditions (n = 38) to understand variability in male and female chest redness, and we used chest skin biopsies (n = 38) to explore sex differences in gene expression. Male and female geladas showed similar average redness, but males exhibited a wider within‐individual range in redness under natural conditions. These sex differences were also reflected at the molecular level, with 10.5% of genes exhibiting significant sex differences in expression. Subadult males exhibited intermediate gene expression patterns between adult males and females, pointing to mechanisms underlying the development of the red chest patch. We found that genes more highly expressed in males were associated with blood vessel development and maintenance but not with androgen or oestrogen activity. Together, our results suggest male gelada redness variability is driven by increased blood vessel branching in the chest skin, providing a potential link between male chest redness and current condition as increased blood circulation to exposed skin could lead to heat loss in the cold, high‐altitude environment of geladas.
Individual differences in L1 attainment and language aptitude predict L2 achievement in instructed language learners
Authors: L. Sparks Richard , S. Dale Philip , M. Patton Jon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough most children learn to communicate in their first language (L1), there is normal and expected variation in their rate of acquisition across all components of the language system. Until recently, most second language acquisition and second language (L2) researchers have assumed that individual differences (IDs) in L1 acquisition are small and irrelevant to IDs in L2 acquisition. However, growing evidence has found strong relationships between IDs in L1 attainment and ultimate L2 achievement. In this longitudinal study, US secondary students were administered measures of L1 written and oral achievement, L1 cognitive processing, and L2 aptitude, then followed over 3 years of Spanish instruction and administered standardized measures of L2 literacy and oral proficiency at the end of each year. Hierarchical regressions followed by regression commonality analysis showed that IDs in L1 achievement alone (reading, writing, vocabulary, and print exposure) accounted for substantial unique variance in L2 reading, writing, listening comprehension, and oral proficiency, while L2 aptitude accounted for additional unique variance at the end of each year. A new finding showed that variance accounted for by L1 skills increased from first to second to third year. Results lend additional support to the conclusion of strong L1–L2 relationships between IDs in L1 attainment and IDs in L2 achievement.
Apophysomyces variabilis as an emerging pathogen in Mainland China
Authors: Li Xiu‐Ying , Wang Shuang‐Jie , Huang Guo‐Mei , Zheng Dong‐Yan , Al‐Odaini Najwa , Pan Kai‐Su , Zheng Yan‐Qing , Cao Cun‐Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMucormycosis is a rare form of invasive, rapidly progressive and lethal opportunistic fungal infection caused by Mucorales. Although Rhizopus arrhizus (R. arrhizus) is the most commonly isolated Mucorales worldwide, infections caused by Apophysomyces variabilis (A. variabilis) are increasing.Objectives and MethodsWe present a case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by A. variabilis in an immunocompetent woman. In order to further understand the characteristics of the strain isolated from the patient, we identified the strain through ITS sequencing, assessed the ability to tolerate salt concentrations and temperature conditions, in addition to performing in vitro drug susceptibility testing against common antifungal agents.ResultsThe strain showed 98.76% identity with A. variabilis in the NCBI database, and it was found to tolerate higher temperatures and salt concentrations than previously reported strains. The strain was sensitive to amphotericin B and posaconazole, but not to voriconazole, itraconazole, 5‐fluorocytosine and echinocandins.ConclusionsThis case indicates that Mucorales caused by A. variabilis should be recognised as an emerging pathogen that can cause a high mortality rate in the absence of prompt diagnosis and proper treatment in China, aggressive surgical debridement combined with prompt and appropriate antifungal treatment may improve outcomes.
Novel Claw‐shaped Bone Plate in Complex Unstable Scapular Neck and Body Fractures: Comparison with Reconstruction Locking Plate
Authors: Shi Huiming , Zhang Kun , Hu Yuanjun , Wu Wei , Liu Ning , Lu Haixia 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveFor complex and unstable scapular fractures requiring simultaneous fixation of the glenoid neck, the lateral margin of the body, and/or the scapular diaphysis, reconstruction locking plate is difficult to achieve satisfactory fixation. In order to optimize the fixation effect, the newly designed claw‐shaped bone plate was designed for fixing such fractures. We also evaluate the clinical effects and follow‐up at an average of 1 year after treatment in scapular internal fixation by using reconstruction locking plate and claw‐shaped bone plate in complex unstable scapular body and glenoid neck fracture.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted from 2018 to 2021, thirty‐three patients (27 males and six females) who were defined unstable scapular fractures by Ada–Miller. Fifteen patients (52.86 ± 8.26 years) received claw‐shaped bone plate and 18 cases (51.61 ± 11.31 years) received reconstruction locking plate with the intermuscular approach. The clinical effect was evaluated based on the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, surgical complications, clinical healing time and Constant–Murley score (CMS). The data analysis by Student t, Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson's chi squared test.ResultsCompared with reconstruction locking plate, the claw‐shaped bone plate showed shorter operation time (102.73 ± 18.43 min vs. 156 ± 37.53, P < 0.0001), higher CMS (94.00 ± 4.07 vs. 89.88 ± 5.42, P = 0.02) and no differences between the two groups regarding intraoperative blood loss (208.00 ± 96.45 mL vs. 269.44 ± 120.21, P = 0.12) and clinical healing times (9.96 ± 1.52 vs. 10.05 ± 1.67, P = 0.87). Follow‐up were conducted at first, third, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The operation was successful in all patients with no intraoperative complications.ConclusionsFor the treatment of complex and unstable scapular neck body fractures, the application of claw‐shaped bone plate demonstrated short operation time, better stability of the fracture block, and higher CMS. In the intraoperative and postoperative follow‐up showed better clinical results and rehabilitation effects.
Environmental influences on childhood asthma: Climate change
Authors: Biagioni Benedetta , Cecchi Lorenzo , D'Amato Gennaro , Annesi‐Maesano Isabella 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change is a key environmental factor for allergic respiratory diseases, especially in childhood. This review describes the influences of climate change on childhood asthma considering the factors acting directly, indirectly and with their amplifying interactions. Recent findings on the direct effects of temperature and weather changes, as well as the influences of climate change on air pollution, allergens, biocontaminants and their interplays, are discussed herein. The review also focusses on the impact of climate change on biodiversity loss and on migration status as a model to study environmental effects on childhood asthma onset and progression. Adaptation and mitigation strategies are urgently needed to prevent further respiratory diseases and human health damage in general, especially in younger and future generations.
Hyperspectral assessment of acne skin exposed to intense pulsed light (IPL) intense pulsed light in acne treatment
Authors: Zdrada‐Nowak Julita , Stolecka‐Warzecha Anna , Odrzywołek Wiktoria , Deda Anna , Błońska‐Fajfrowska Barbara , Wilczyński Sławomir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanism of intense pulsed light action on the skin is based on selective photothermolysis. The light delivered to the tissue is scattered and absorbed by chromophores that absorb a beam of radiation of a specific length. The skin reflectance changes depending on the physiological state of the tissue, as shown by the hyperspectral camera. The aim of the study was to assess the hyperspectral reflectance of acne skin before and after intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy and to compare it with the reflectance of healthy skin.Materials and methodsThe study involved 27 volunteers with diagnosed moderate acne. The control group consisted of 20 people without acne lesions. All acne volunteers underwent a series of four treatments using IPL at weekly intervals. The volunteers with acne lesions were photographed before the series of treatments and a week after the 4th treatment.ResultsAcne skin shows lower reflectance than healthy skin. Acne skin after IPL therapy is characterized by a higher reflectance compared to acne skin before the therapy and resembles the reflectance of the skin of the control group. A statistically significant difference was found between the acne skin before the treatments and the skin of the control group.ConclusionsThe effect of IPL therapy on acne skin is the increase of its reflectance by reducing the number of chromophores, which brings it closer to the reflectance value of healthy skin. Hyperspectral imaging allows for: the evaluation of the treated skin at each stage, a precise selection of the light wavelength depending on the problem, and therefore, for optimizing the number of irradiations and increasing the safety of the therapy.
Evaluation of compressive behaviour of porous structures under large deformation using micro‐CT, DVC and micro‐FE
Authors: Sriram Kunnoth , Mahajan Puneet , Ahmad Suhail , Bhatnagar Naresh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCompressive behaviour of open and closed cell polyurethane foam samples under large deformation is studied using micro‐Computed Tomography (micro‐CT), Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) technique and micro‐Finite Element (micro‐FE) modelling. The micro‐CT images of the foam samples at different compression strains are used to determine anisotropy in the foams, to obtain qualitative information on deformation mechanisms, to quantify the deformation and strains using a local DVC approach and to generate images for micro‐FE modelling of the foam samples. Micro‐FE modelling predicts the deformation using an elastoplastic material model coupled with continuum damage mechanics. Two different types of boundary conditions, experimentally derived (ExBC) and interpolated from DVC (IPBC), were implemented to evaluate the displacements in the micro‐FE models. A reduced integration scheme in micro‐FE analysis resulted in high artificial energy and was discarded in favour of full integration. The displacement predicted by IPBC matched with DVC displacement contours for closed cell foam. The ExBC‐predicted axial displacement (W) showed a better agreement with DVC than transverse displacements (U, V) contours. However, a significant statistical comparison (R2 > 0.70) of all displacements was obtained for both IPBC and ExBC. For open cell foam, both boundary conditions predicted a significant difference in the displacement contours with respect to DVC measurements. Still, the axial displacements of ExBC and IPBC showed a better statistical significance (R2 > 0.70).
The novel HLA‐B allele, HLA‐B*15:656, first identified in a Korean individual by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Shin Sue , Kim Yumi , Park Hyunwoong , Yoon Jong Hyun , Roh Eun Youn 
Published: May 2023

Summary
HLA‐B*15:656 differs from B*15:27:01:01 by two nucleotide substitutions in codon 163 (CTG > GAG).
Gender bias in medical education: A scoping review
Authors: Yaman Reena , Hagen Kate M. , Ghaith Summer , Luong Hanna , Almader‐Douglas Diana , Langley Natalie R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis scoping review summarises five decades of research on gender bias in subjective performance evaluations of medical trainees.MethodA medical librarian searched PubMed, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane DBSR in June 2020. Two researchers independently reviewed each abstract to determine if it met inclusion criteria (original research article investigating gender bias in subjective medical trainee evaluations by staff). References from selected articles were also reviewed for inclusion. Data were extracted from the articles, and summary statistics were performed.ResultsA total of 212 abstracts were reviewed, and 32 met criteria. Twenty (62.5%) evaluated residents, and 12 (37.5%) studied medical students. The majority of studies on residents were Internal Medicine (n = 8, 40.0%) and Surgery (n = 7, 35.0%). All studies were performed in North America and were either retrospective or observational. Nine (28.0%) were qualitative, and 24 (75.0%) were quantitative. The majority of studies were published in the last decade (n = 21, 65.6%). Twenty (62.5%) studies documented gender bias, of which 11 (55%) found that males received higher quantitative performance evaluations and 5 (25%) found that females received higher evaluation scores. The remaining 4 (20%) reported gender differences in qualitative evaluations.ConclusionsMost studies detected gender bias in subjective performance evaluations of medical trainees, with a majority favouring males. There is a paucity of studies on bias in medical education with a lack of standardised approach to investigating bias.
Patient and specimen identification in a tertiary care pediatric hospital: Barcodes do not scan themselves
Authors: Al‐Eshaq Dana Hussain , Bradley Roisin T. , McBride Eileen R. A. , Ford Jason C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the safety improvements linked to the use of barcodes for patient and specimen identification, patient misidentification remains a leading cause of transfusion‐associated reactions including fatalities. A wealth of evidence supports the use of barcodes in general, but there is less published evidence of real‐world barcode compliance. This project investigates barcode scanning compliance for patient and specimen identification at a tertiary care pediatric/maternity hospital.Study Design and MethodsTransfusion laboratory specimen collection noncompliance events between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019 were retrieved from the hospital laboratory information system. Data were analyzed including stratification of collections by collector role and collection event. A survey of blood collectors was conducted.ResultsCollection compliance for 6285 blood typing specimens was evaluated. Full barcode scanning identification of both patient and specimen was utilized in only 33.6% of total collections. The remaining two thirds of collections were overridden by the blood collector: no barcode scanning occurred in 31.3%, while the specimen accession label was scanned but not the patient armband in 32.3% of total collections. There were significant differences between phlebotomists and nurses, with more phlebotomists performing the full scanning and specimen scanning only, while more nurses obtained specimens without patient or specimen scanning (p < .001). Blood collectors identified hardware challenges and training gaps as key contributors to barcode noncompliance.DiscussionOur study highlights an instance of poor barcode scanning compliance for patient and specimen identification. We formulated improvement strategies and launched a quality improvement project to address factors influencing noncompliance.
Incipient Fault Point Detection Based on Multiscale Diversity Entropy
Authors: Ekwaro-Osire Stephen , Gandur Nazir Laureano , Lopez-Salazar Camilo Alberto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
If the incipient fault (IF) point is not corrected, it may imply a poor prognostic framework, a false value of remaining useful life (RUL), and unexpected catastrophic failure. The use of the concept of multiscale diversity entropy (MDE) in the context of predicting IF is a novel area that has yet to be fully explored. Since MDE is commonly used for measuring a system’s dynamic complexity from a signal, it is worth exploring for predicting IF. Can MDE be used to develop a framework to predict the IF of a system? This study developed a new framework to determine the IF. The performance of the framework was demonstrated on bearing data and battery data. In addition, the results of this study were compared with another methodology, widely used for predicting IF. In conclusion, this new methodology produces a more accurate prediction of IF because of the physical principles associated with MDE.
Dynamic Simulation of an Offshore Aquaculture Structure Subjected to Combined Wave and Current Conditions
Authors: Cheng Hui , Ong Muk Chen , Li Lin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The reliable design of offshore aquaculture structures (OAS) for fish farming in the open ocean is vital to the marine aquaculture industry in the future. However, the lack of easy-to-access numerical tools for the dynamic analysis of OAS challenges the sustainable development of marine aquaculture. This article presents a newly developed numerical library under an open-source, finite-element analysis code, Code_Aster, enabling the dynamic analysis of OAS. A numerical model of OAS is first developed using the present numerical library and then validated against experiments. The validation shows a good agreement in terms of structural motions and tensions in mooring lines. After that, the dynamic responses of this model are analyzed subjected to irregular waves and current conditions from field measurements on an offshore fish farm site. The results indicate that a negative mean pitch angle will occur when the current velocity is large.
The Effect of Glyoxylate Shunt Inactivation on Biosynthesis of Adipic Acid through Inverted Fatty Acid β-Oxidation by Escherichia coli Strains
Authors: Gulevich A. Yu. , Skorokhodova A. Yu. , Debabov V. G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing Escherichia coli MG1655 lacIQ, ∆ackA-pta, ∆poxB, ∆ldhA, ∆adhE, ∆fadE, PL-SDφ10-atoB, Ptrc-ideal-4-SDφ10-fadB, PL-SDφ10-tesB, ∆yciA as a core strain, derivatives capable of synthesizing adipic acid from glucose through the inverted fatty acid β-oxidation pathway were obtained. Biosynthesis of the target compound by recombinants was ensured by the primary condensation of acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA by 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase PaaJ and the catalysis of the final reaction of the cycle by acyl-CoA dehydrogenases FadE and FabI. Deletion in the strains of sucCD genes encoding components of succinyl-CoA synthase did not increase the relative intracellular availability of succinyl-CoA for target biosynthetic reactions and did not lead to an increase in adipic acid accumulation by the recombinants. The secretion of succinic and malic acids by the strains with an impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle remained almost unchanged, indicating the activity in the cells of glyoxylate shunt reactions that compete with the cycle reactions for isocitrate, required for succinyl-CoA formation. When isocitrate lyase, malate synthases A and G, and bifunctional kinase/phosphatase of isocitrate dehydrogenase were inactivated in strains due to deletion of the aceBAK operon genes and glcB, adipic acid synthesis by recombinants increased three-fold and reached 0.33 mM.
Longitudinal assessment of the eating pattern of people with dementia and its association with problems for feeding and malnutrition: a prospective follow-up study protocol
Authors: Saucedo Figueredo María Carmen , Morilla-Herrera Juan Carlos , Kaknani Uttumchandani Shakira , Durá Pérez Elena , San Alberto Giraldos Mercedes , Nava del Val Maria Antonia , Hierrezuelo Martín María Jesús , Gómez Borrego Ana Belén , García Irazusta Manuela , Gálvez González María , Miguel Morales-Asencio Jose 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionDementia conditions the patient’s nutrition from the beginning and vice versa. Generating difficulties for feeding (FEDIF) will influence its evolution. There are currently few nutritional longitudinal studies in people with dementia. Most focus on problems already established. The Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) Scale identifies FEDIF of patients with dementia by studying their behaviours while eating or being fed. It also indicates areas of potential clinical interventions.Methods and analysisProspective multicentre observational study carried out in nursing homes, Alzheimer’s day care centres and primary healthcare centres. The study population will be dyads composed by the patient (diagnosed of dementia, over 65 years of age and who have feeding difficulties) and their family caregiver. Sociodemographic variables and nutritional status (body mass index, Mini Nutritional Assessment, blood test and calf and arm circumference) will be assessed. The Spanish version of the EdFED Scale will be completed and the presence of nursing diagnoses related to feeding behaviours will be collected. Follow-up will take place for 18 months.Ethics and disseminationAll data will be carried out respecting European legislation 2016/679 in data protection, and the Spanish ‘Organic Law 3/2018 of December 2005’. The clinical data will be kept segregated and encrypted. The informed consent has been obtained. The research has been authorised by the Costa del Sol Health Care District on 27 February 2020 and the Ethics Committee on 2 March 2021. It has obtained funding from the Junta de Andalucía on 15 February 2021. Findings of the study will be presented at provincial, national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.