bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle forces acting on the greater trochanter lead to a dorsal warping of the apophyseal growth plate
Authors: Ziegler Christian Max , Wagner Ferdinand , Alleborn Karoline , Geith Tobias , Holzapfel Boris Michael , Heimkes Bernhard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe apophyseal growth plate of the greater trochanter, unlike most other growth plates of the human body, exhibits a curved morphology that results in a divergent pattern resembling an open crocodile mouth on plain antero‐posterior radiographs. To quantify the angular alignment of the growth plate and to draw conclusions about the function of the muscles surrounding it, we analyzed 57 MRI images of 51 children and adolescents aged 3–17 years and of six adults aged 18–52 years. We measured the angulation of the plate relative to the horizontal plane (AY angle) and the trajectories of the muscles attaching to the greater trochanter of the proximal femur. From anterior to posterior, the AY angle shows a decrease of 33.44°. In the anterior third, the cartilage is angled at a mean of 51.64°, and in the posterior third, the mean angulation is 18.6°. This indicates that the cartilage in the anterior region of the greater trochanteric apophysis is subject to more vertically oriented force vectors compared to the posterior region, as the growth plates align perpendicular to the force vectors acting on them. Combining the measured muscle trajectories with the physiological cross‐sectional areas (PCSA) available from the literature revealed that, in addition to the known internal and external lateral traction ligament systems, a third, dorsally located traction ligament system exists that may be responsible for the dorsal deformation of the AY angle.
Management strategies for vascular complications in hyaluronic acid filler injections: A case series analysis
Authors: Choi Sun Young , Shin Sun Hye , Seok Joon , Yoo Kwang Ho , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections have become increasingly popular in the esthetic field, so have their side effects. Vascular complications, which can lead to skin necrosis or permanent scarring, are a particularly dangerous complication and occur when the filler is injected directly into a blood vessel or when an adjacent blood vessel is compressed by the filler material.ObjectiveTo assess the clinical prognosis based on post‐procedural management and clinical findings of HA filler vascular complications.MethodsHerein, we present a case series of vascular complications due to HA filler and evaluate their clinical prognosis based on post‐procedural management and clinical findings. Clinical assessments were performed using Doppler ultrasound, thermography, and laboratory tests.ResultsFactors including white blood cell count, the time of treatment initiation, and time of hyaluronidase injection influenced the clinical outcomes. Early recognition and prompt hyaluronidase injection proved crucial in preventing further damage and improving prognosis.ConclusionThis case series highlights the importance of early detection and appropriate management of HA filler complications. Physicians should be aware of the potential risks associated with fillers and promptly address any adverse effects to achieve optimal clinical outcomes. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and refine treatment strategies for the HA filler complications.
Evaluation of 3‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection rendering of arterial spin labeling data in a clinical cohort
Authors: Andre Jalal B. , Oztek Murat Alp , Anzai Yoshimi , Wilson Gregory J. , Mossa‐Basha Mahmud , Hippe Daniel S. , Hoff Michael N. , Cross Donna J. , Minoshima Satoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeTo assess the feasibility of 3‐dimensional stereotactic surface projection (3D‐SSP) as applied to arterial spin labeling (ASL) in a clinical pilot study.MethodsA retrospective sample of 10 consecutive patients who underwent ASL as part of a clinically indicated MR examination was collected during this pilot study. Five additional subjects with normal cerebral perfusion served as a control group. Following voxel‐wise M0‐correction, cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantification, and stereotactic anatomic standardization, voxel‐wise CBF from an individual's ASL dataset was extracted to a set of predefined surface pixels (3D‐SSP). A normal database was created from averaging the extracted CBF datasets of the control group. Patients’ datasets were compared individually with the normal database by calculating a Z‐score on a pixel‐by‐pixel basis and were displayed in 3D‐SSP views for visual inspection. Independent, two‐expert reader assessment, using a 3‐point scale, compared standard quantitative CBF images to the 3D‐SSP maps.ResultsPatterns and severities of regionally reduced CBF were identified, by both independent readers, in the 3D‐SSP maps. Reader assessment demonstrated preference for 3D‐SSP over traditionally displayed standard quantitative CBF images in three of four evaluated imaging metrics (p = .026, .031, and .013, respectively); 3D‐SSP maps were never found to be inferior to the standard quantitative CBF images.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional SSP maps are feasible in a clinical population and enable quantitative data extraction and localization of perfusion abnormalities by means of stereotactic coordinates in a condensed display. The proposed method is a promising approach for interpreting cerebrovascular pathophysiology.
Applicant reactions to algorithm‐ versus recruiter‐based evaluations of an asynchronous video interview and a personality inventory
Authors: Oostrom Janneke K. , Holtrop Djurre , Koutsoumpis Antonis , van Breda Ward , Ghassemi Sina , de Vries Reinout E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn two studies, we examined the effects of algorithm‐based (vs. recruiter‐based) evaluations of an asynchronous video interview and a personality inventory on applicant reactions. In line with our expectations, we found several negative applicant reactions to the use of algorithms. Specifically, in Study 1 (N = 172), informing participants that an algorithm, rather than a recruiter, had analysed their interview and personality inventory increased feelings of emotional creepiness, and reduced fairness perceptions, perceived predictive validity and feedback acceptance. In Study 2 (N = 276), we were able to replicate these effects for fairness perceptions and perceived predictive validity. Furthermore, in both studies, algorithm‐based evaluations negatively affected feedback acceptance, organizational attraction and job acceptance intentions through fairness perceptions. However, in contrast with our expectations, selection decision favourability did not influence the impact of evaluation source (recruiter vs. algorithm) on applicant reactions. In Study 2, we also found some tentative evidence that applicant reactions to algorithm‐based evaluations are not affected by the type of information source (i.e. verbal vs. nonverbal cues) on which the algorithm is based.
Supplemental impact of silymarin in growing pig diet on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, faecal microflora, faecal noxious gas emission and absorption rate in blood
Authors: Hossain Md Mortuza , Hwang Hyung Suk , Jang Se Yeon , Yu Sungu , Kim In Ho 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe research was done to examine the impact of dietary silymarin on growth performance, total tract digestibility, faecal microbial, faecal gas emission and absorption rate in blood of growing pigs. Experiment 1: a total of 140 growing pigs (24.47 ± 2.49 kg) were used in a 6‐week trial. There were four dietary treatment groups (seven replicate pens/treatment, five pigs/pen) and treatment diets composed of corn, soybean meal (SBM), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), and rapeseed meal‐based basal diets with 0%, 0.025%, 0.050% and 0.10% of micelle silymarin respectively. Experiment 2: A total of 18 pigs were divided into six treatment groups. Treatment diets: TRT1, TRT2 and TRT3 were basal diets with 30, 150 and 300 g powdered silymarin respectively; and TRT4, TRT5 and TRT6 were basal diets with 30, 150 and 300 g micelle‐type silymarin respectively. Average daily gain (ADG) tended to increase (p < 0.10) at Week 3 and overall experiment after silymarin addition. Overall ADG and average daily feed intake are also intended to improve (p < 0.10) linearly in this study. During Week 6, growing pigs fed silymarin showed linearly increased (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, nitrogen and energy. Dietary silymarin supplementation increased (p < 0.10) linearly the faecal Lactobacillus count at Week 3 while Escherichia coli count was linearly decreased at both the 3rd week (p < 0.05) and 6th week (p < 0.10). Silymarin supplementation showed no effect on faecal gas emissions. A higher (p < 0.05) absorption rate in the blood was found in micelle‐type silymarin compared to powdered silymarin after the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 24th h of feeding. Results suggest that silymarin in a corn‐SBM‐DDGS‐rapeseed meal‐based diet may help to improve ADG, FI, ATTD and faecal microflora in growing pigs. And absorption rate in the blood of pig is higher in micelle‐type silymarin.
The effects of social jetlag and sleep variability on sleepiness in a population‐based study: The mediating role of sleep debt
Authors: Fernandes Guilherme Luiz , da Silva Vallim Julia Ribeiro , D'Almeida Vânia , Tufik Sergio , Andersen Monica Levy 
Published: September 2023

SummarySleepiness is a multicausal condition, and previous research has highlighted associations between this symptom and the circadian timing system, specifically concerning social jetlag and sleep variability. Recent inquiries have shown that the effects of social jetlag on sleepiness can be confounded with the consequences of sleep debt. In light of the current evidence, we aimed to assess the effects of social jetlag and sleep variability on sleepiness and the potential mediating role of sleep debt. We used data from the EPISONO study, a cross‐sectional population‐based study with a sample size of 1042 participants, representative of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants completed the UNIFESP Sleep Questionnaire (self‐reported bedtime and get‐up time) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (subjective daytime sleepiness). Subsequently, sleep‐corrected mid‐sleep time (chronotype), total sleep time, social jetlag (absolute difference between the mid‐sleep time on workdays and mid‐sleep time on free days), sleep variability (standard deviation of mid‐sleep time), and sleep debt (difference between total sleep time on workdays and free days) were calculated. Generalised linear models were used to test whether social jetlag and sleep variability affected sleepiness. Mediation models were used to determine if any observed significant effects were mediated by sleep debt. The prevalence of social jetlag was 23% for >1 h and 12% for >2 h. The mean sleep variability was 41 ± 30 min. Social jetlag had a significant effect on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores. This association was no longer statistically significant after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, work schedule, and chronotype. A significant indirect effect of social jetlag on sleep debt and subsequently on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores was found. No effect of sleep variability on sleepiness could be identified. In conclusion, the association between social jetlag and sleepiness was mediated by sleep debt but was not independent of demographic, work, and chronotype variables. This study provides new evidence on the importance of circadian misalignment and sleep debt for sleep health on a population level.
Characterization of iron meteorites by scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, magnetization measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy: Mundrabilla IAB‐ung
Authors: Goryunov M. V. , Varga G. , Dankházi Z. , Chukin A. V. , Felner I. , Kuzmann E. , Grokhovsky V. I. , Homonnay Z. , Oshtrakh M. I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA fragment of Mundrabilla IAB‐ung iron meteorite was analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The polished section of meteorite fragment characterization by optical microscopy and SEM shows the presence of the γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase lamellae, plessite structures and schreibersite inclusions in the α‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase. EDS indicates variations in the Ni concentrations in the following ranges: (i) ∼6.3–6.5 atom% in the α‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase and (ii) ∼22 to ∼45 atom% in the γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase lamellae including the range of ∼29–33 atom% of Ni leading to the paramagnetic state of the γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase. Schreibersite inclusions contain ∼23 atom% of P, ∼33 atom% of Fe, ∼43 atom% of Ni, and ∼0.7 atom% of Co. Plessite structure contains the average Ni concentration of ∼17 atom% while detailed EDS analysis shows: (i) the lowest Ni concentrations of ∼5 to ∼8 atom%, (ii) the intermediate Ni concentrations of ∼9 to ∼19 atom%, and (iii) the highest Ni concentration up ∼38 atom% (some individual micro‐grains demonstrate up to ∼47 and ∼59 atom% of Ni) that may indicate the presence of the (i) α‐Fe(Ni, Co), (ii) α2‐Fe(Ni, Co), and (iii) γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phases. These may be a result of the γ‐phase decomposition with mechanism γ → α + α2 + γ that indicates a slow cooling rate for Mundrabilla IAB‐ung iron meteorite. The presence of ∼98.6 wt% of the α‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase and ∼1.4 wt% of the γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase is found by XRD while schreibersite is not detected. Magnetization measurements show the saturation magnetization moment of Mundrabilla IAB‐ung of 188(2) emu g−1 indicating a low average Ni concentration in Fe‐Ni‐Co alloy. Mössbauer spectrum of the bulk Mundrabilla powder demonstrates five magnetic sextets related to the ferromagnetic α2‐Fe(Ni, Co), α‐Fe(Ni, Co), and γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phases and one singlet associated with the paramagnetic γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase, however, there are no spectral components corresponding to schreibersite. Basing on relatively larger and smaller values of the magnetic hyperfine field, two magnetic sextets associated with γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase can be related to the disordered and more ordered γ‐phases. The iron fractions in the detected phases can be roughly estimated as follows: (i) ∼17.6% in the α2‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase, (ii) ∼68.5% in the α‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase, (iii) ∼11.5% in the disordered γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase, (iv) ∼2.0% in the more ordered γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase, and (v) ∼0.4% in the paramagnetic γ‐Fe(Ni, Co) phase.
The Trinity and the Arts: Toward a Christian Poetics
Authors: Betz John R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to explore the question of a Christian poetics, and to see what, if anything, the doctrine of the Trinity has to do with it. Our conclusion is that the doctrine of the Trinity, far from being accidental to Christian poiesis, is fundamental to any account of it—if indeed all phenomena are analogues of the eternal phenomenality of the Son vis‐à‐vis the Father, and if all that is made is made through the Son by the power of the Creator Spirit. To this end, however, it is argued that Christian poetics implies a particular kind of metaphysics as well, namely, an analogical metaphysics, which is able to do justice to the interplay of essence and existence in creatures, which is cognate with the aesthetic interplay of form and novelty. The result of these explorations is not only a proposed standard, comprising four theses, for Christian art, but also an ecumenical proposal for how to think about the Trinity (and the Filioque) anew—not by dispensing with Augustine's psychological analogy, but by supplementing it with an artistic analogy, specifically, with the help of the patristic trope of the Son as the Ars Patris in whom the Father eternally delights. The final result is a clearer picture of the role of the Holy Spirit, in God and in creation, and of the spiritual‐poetic vocation of the imago Dei.
Chloroplast clustering around the nucleus induced by OMP24 overexpression unexpectedly promoted PSTVd infection in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Han Kelei , Jia Zhaoxing , Zhang Yuhong , Zhou Huijie , Bu Shan , Chen Jianping , Yan Dankan , Qi Rende , Yan Fei , Wu Jian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChloroplast clustering around the nucleus is a well‐known mechanism that occurs in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses and is believed to be a mechanism of defence against pathogens in plants. This phenomenon is accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can help to destroy invading pathogens. However, the function of chloroplast clustering during viroid infection is unclear. Here, we report that, although the infection by potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) failed to induce chloroplast clustering, chloroplast clustering caused by the overexpression of the Nicotiana benthamiana chloroplast outer membrane protein 24 (NbOMP24) promoted the infection by PSTVd, a viroid pathogen, in N. benthamiana. Interestingly, H2O2 treatment, which caused increased ROS accumulation, showed no significant effects on PSTVd infection. Moreover, NbOMP24 protein showed no direct interaction with PSTVd. We propose that perinuclear chloroplast clustering induced by NbOMP24 provides a favourable environment for PSTVd infection. These findings highlight the complexity of chloroplast clustering‐mediated plant–pathogen interactions and the need for further research to fully understand these mechanisms.
Relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter in response to reduced volume distension during FLIP Panometry
Authors: Wakim El‐Khoury Jeanine , Pandolfino John E. , Kahrilas Peter J. , Godo Bidemi , Farina Domenico A. , Kou Wenjun , Carlson Dustin A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe esophageal response to stepwise distension during the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) Panometry study often parallels high‐resolution manometry (HRM) motility diagnoses. This study aimed to describe the changes in FLIP metrics during FLIP emptying, that is, reduced volume distension.MethodsAdult patients who completed FLIP and HRM for esophageal motility evaluation were included. Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) opening parameters were assessed during stepwise FLIP filling to volumes of 60 mL (“filling 60 mL”), then 70 mL, and then back to 60 mL (“emptying 60 mL”). HRM studies were analyzed per Chicago classification version 4.0 (CCv4.0).Key ResultsAmong 265 patients included, HRM/CCv4.0 diagnoses included achalasia in 80 patients (30%), normal motility in 70 (26%), and ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) in 43 (16%). EGJ‐distensibility index (DI) and EGJ diameter were greater during emptying 60 mL than filling 60 mL in achalasia, normal motility, and IEM (p values <0.002). If applying the emptying 60 mL EGJ‐DI (vs. filling 60 mL EGJ‐DI), EGJ opening classification changed from reduced EGJ opening to borderline EGJ opening in 31% of achalasia patients and in 2% of patients with normal motility or IEM. EGJ opening classification was unchanged in 69% achalasia and 96% of normal motility/IEM.Conclusions and InferencesThis study suggests that isotonic or auxotonic relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter occurs with reduced volume distension in patients with achalasia and normal motility. The study also supports the importance of utilizing a standardized FLIP motility study protocol (i.e., controlled, stepwise filling to 50 mL, 60 mL, then 70 mL) to provide reliable and generalizable FLIP metrics to facilitate diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders.
Angiosperms follow a convex trade‐off to optimize hydraulic safety and efficiency
Authors: Pereira Luciano , Kaack Lucian , Guan Xinyi , Silva Luciano de Melo , Miranda Marcela T. , Pires Gabriel S. , Ribeiro Rafael V. , Schenk H. Jochen , Jansen Steven 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Intervessel pits are considered to function as valves that avoid embolism spreading and optimize efficient transport of xylem sap across neighbouring vessels. Hydraulic transport between vessels would therefore follow a safety‐efficiency trade‐off, which is directly related to the total intervessel pit area (Ap), inversely related to the pit membrane thickness (TPM) and driven by a pressure difference.

To test this hypothesis, we modelled the relative transport rate of gas (ka) and water (Q) at the intervessel pit level for 23 angiosperm species and correlated these parameters with the water potential at which 50% of embolism occurs (Ψ50). We also measured ka for 10 species using pneumatic measurements.

The pressure difference across adjacent vessels and estimated values of ka and Q were related to Ψ50, following a convex safety‐efficiency trade‐off based on modelled and experimental data. Minor changes in TPM and Ap exponentially affected the pressure difference and flow, respectively.

Our results provide clear evidence that a xylem safety‐efficiency trade‐off is not linear, but convex due to flow across intervessel pit membranes, which represent mesoporous media within microporous conduits. Moreover, the convex nature of long‐distance xylem transport may contribute to an adjustable fluid balance of plants, depending on environmental conditions.
Modified source–sink dynamics govern resource exchange in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Bogar Laura M. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryEctomycorrhizal symbiosis between roots and fungi is founded on the movement of carbon from plants to fungi, and of soil resources from fungi to plants. Framing this movement as a trade can facilitate an understanding of how this mutualism has developed over evolutionary time, but fails to explain experimental observations of carbon and nutrient movement. Here, I propose that source–sink dynamics are an essential basic model to explain the movement of plant and fungal resources, which may be modified by plant immune response, variability in fungal molecular repertoires, and competition in the soil. Source–sink dynamics provide testable hypotheses to illuminate mechanisms of ectomycorrhizal resource movement and its consequences for mutualism stability and forest function under climate change.
Responses of rhizosphere fungi to the root economics space in grassland monocultures of different age
Authors: Hennecke Justus , Bassi Leonardo , Mommer Liesje , Albracht Cynthia , Bergmann Joana , Eisenhauer Nico , Guerra Carlos A. , Heintz‐Buschart Anna , Kuyper Thomas W. , Lange Markus , Solbach Marcel Dominik , Weigelt Alexandra 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Recent studies on root traits have shown that there are two axes explaining trait variation belowground: the collaboration axis with mycorrhizal partners and the conservation (‘fast – slow’) axis. However, it is yet unknown whether these trait axes affect the assembly of soilborne fungi. We expect saprotrophic fungi to link to the conservation axis of root traits, whereas pathogenic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi link to the collaboration axis, but in opposite directions, as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi might provide pathogen protection.

To test these hypotheses, we sequenced rhizosphere fungal communities and measured root traits in monocultures of 25 grassland plant species, differing in age. Within the fungal guilds, we evaluated fungal species richness, relative abundance and community composition.

Contrary to our hypotheses, fungal diversity and relative abundance were not strongly related to the root trait axes. However, saprotrophic fungal community composition was affected by the conservation gradient and pathogenic community composition by the collaboration gradient. The rhizosphere AMF community composition did not change along the collaboration gradient, even though the root trait axis was in line with the root mycorrhizal colonization rate.

Overall, our results indicate that in the long term, the root trait axes are linked with fungal community composition.