bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salivary fluoride levels after daily brushing with 5000 ppm fluoride toothpaste: A randomised, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Staun Larsen L. , Nyvad B. , Baelum V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study explored salivary fluoride levels following toothbrushing with 5000 and 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste and determined the decline in salivary fluoride levels following the return from 5000 to 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste. The study was a randomised, controlled double‐blind parallel clinical trial (n = 24/group) measuring salivary fluoride five times during a 3‐week trial phase involving 2×/day use of 5000 or 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste, and five times during an ensuing 2‐week wash‐out phase where all participants used 1450 ppm toothpaste. Salivary fluoride was measured using a fluoride electrode and data were analysed using multilevel mixed‐effects linear regression. Baseline salivary fluoride geometric means were 0.014 and 0.016 ppm for the 1450 and 5000 ppm groups, while the values at the end of the trial phase were 0.023 and 0.044 ppm, respectively. During the trial phase, except at baseline, differences between groups were statistically significant. The salivary fluoride levels for the 5000 ppm group remained statistically significantly higher than for the 1450 ppm group only at the first measurement in the wash‐out phase (≈30 h after the last 5000 ppm brushing), indicating that higher salivary fluoride levels resulting from use of 5000 ppm are sustained only as long as the brushing habit continues.
Drone sensing volumes
Authors: Jackman Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe are in the midst of a global turn to the drone. Following their establishment as icons of contemporary warfare, drones are increasingly deployed in a range of more‐than‐military applications. Interrogating this diverse ecosystem of platforms, scholars have examined the ways in which drones see, sense and manoeuvre, asserting that they enable distinct perspectives and the rendering visible of expanded and extended sensory terrains. In parallel, scholars from across and beyond the social sciences are increasingly mobilising the concept of volume to (re)consider conceptions of space in three‐, rather than two‐dimensional terms, with complex heights and depths. Thinking at the intersection of these discussions has explored drones as at once acting in, enacting, capturing and comprising volume. This paper extends these discussions by foregrounding drone sensing volumes and the diverse visualities, practices and relations they compose and comprise. Through the lens of drone sensing volumes in the context of emergency—and specifically through the snapshot example of sensing for signs of death following a homicide—the paper understands the sensor‐laden drone as a volumetric project both demonstrative of diverse sensing sensibilities and prompting a thinking otherwise of volume. While existing scholarship importantly attends to the conflict, control and calculative dimensions of volume, this paper mobilises the snapshot of drone sensing as an invitation for further attention to diverse forms of techno‐instrumentalisation, and the accommodation of more diverse drone sensing sensibilities that seek to resolve, rather than to perpetrate, volumetric violence.
Bile duct adenoma and small‐sized small duct type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma show distinct differences in genetic alterations, expression of IMP3 and EZH2 and stromal and inflammatory components
Authors: Sasaki Motoko , Sato Yasunori , Nakanuma Yasuni 
Published: May 2023

AimsGiven that bile duct adenoma was significantly more prevalent in the liver with small duct type intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (small duct iCCA), compared to other primary liver carcinomas, we examined the possibility of bile duct adenoma as a precursor of small duct iCCA by analysing genetic alterations and other features in bile duct adenomas.Methods and resultsSubjects included 33 bile duct adenomas and 17 small‐sized (up to 2 cm in diameter) small duct iCCAs. Genetic alterations were examined by direct sequencing for hot‐spot regions and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of p16INK4a, EZH2 and IMP3 and stromal and inflammatory components were also examined. Genetic alterations examined including BRAF were not detected in bile duct adenomas, whereas genetic alterations of p53 (47%), ARID1A (41%), PBRM1 (12%), MTAP (12%), IDH1 (6%), KRAS (6%) and TERT promoter (6%) were detected in 16 small‐sized small duct iCCA (94%) (P < 0.01). The expression of IMP3 and EZH2 was not detected in bile duct adenomas, whereas it was detected in most small duct iCCA (94%) (P < 0.01). Immature stroma and neutrophilic infiltration were significantly more prevalent in small duct iCCA, compared to bile duct adenoma (P < 0.01).ConclusionBile duct adenomas and small‐sized small duct iCCAs show distinct differences in genetic alterations, expression of IMP3 and EZH2 and stromal and inflammatory components. There was no evidence suggesting that bile duct adenoma is a precursor of small duct iCCA. Immunohistochemical staining for IMP3, EZH2, p53, ARID1A and MTAP may be useful for differential diagnosis between bile duct adenomas and small duct iCCAs.
Intergenerational sex and early sexual debut are associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Paraguay
Authors: Morel Zoilo , Aguilar Gloria , Samudio Tania , López Gladys , Rios‐González Carlos Miguel , Giménez Liliana , Schaerer Christian , Gómez Santiago , Báez Teresita , Estigarribia Gladys , Méndez Julieta , Muñoz Sergio , McFarland Willi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionHIV prevalence among transgender women is high worldwide. The objectives of the present study were to estimate the current prevalence of HIV and identify factors associated with high HIV burden among transgender women in Paraguay.MethodsTransgender women aged ≥15 years in four regions of Paraguay were recruited by Starfish sampling between February and March 2021.ResultsIn total, 322 transgender women were included. Mean age was 31 years (range 15–67), and 102 had positive HIV test results (31.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 26.6–37.1). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with HIV infection were age at first intercourse ≤17 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.47; 95% CI 1.05–28.42), >10 years difference in age with the last sexual partner (aOR 1.60; 95% CI 1.04–2.46), substance use (mostly cocaine) (aOR 3.00; 95% CI 1.47–6.12), higher risk perception (aOR 3.08; 95% CI 1.53–6.17), not testing for HIV (aOR 1.23; 95% CI 1.09–1.39), and accessed by a peer educator (aOR 3.86; 95% CI 1.77–8.38).ConclusionsSexual debut as a minor and a large age difference with sexual partners are associated with high burden of HIV among transgender women in Paraguay. Our study corroborates the finding of cocaine use during sex as a risk factor for HIV. Prevention programmes must address structural and social vulnerabilities to stem the tragically high burden of HIV among transgender women.
Designing slurry conditions to control size distribution of spray‐dried dense YSZ granules
Authors: Cha Hyun‐Ae , Shin Kyung‐Chan , Son Hee‐Jin , Hahn Byung‐Dong , Ahn Cheol‐Woo , Choi Jong‐Jin , Kim Do Kyung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study suggests approaches to achieve the desired size and size distribution of highly dense spherical granules by investigating the effect of slurry conditions on size distribution. Highly dense spherical granules were prepared with a solid content of over 77 wt% by spray‐drying the slurry. A prolonged deagglomeration time of 64 h provided adequate flowing ability by breaking up almost all aggregates and improved dispersibility, resulting in reduced granule sizes and narrow size distributions. The optimum slurry conditions for maintaining dispersibility were 1 wt% of the dispersant and a strong basic pH, which had the greatest effect on size distribution. Based on these considerations, the 10.6 µm sized 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia granules were synthesized with 99.83% density, 97.17% sphericity, and uniform size with fraction yield of 80.01% at 10–20 µm. These dense granules have significantly higher hardness and modulus values of 19.19 and 206.68 GPa, respectively, than that of pellet and film types. To the best of our knowledge, the relationship between the slurries and the span of the size distribution of ceramic granules during spray‐drying has been demonstrated for the first time.
Immigrant voter turnout and time: Does period of arrival matter more than length of stay?
Authors: White Stephen E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch shows that the longer immigrants have been in their settlement country, the more likely they are to vote. This study examines whether when immigrants arrived, rather than how long they have resided, is the critical determinant of their electoral participation. Using Canadian data covering a 45‐year time span, this study demonstrates that the apparent relationship between immigrants' length of residence and their propensity to vote in elections is a result of the enduring influence of the historical period in which immigrants arrived in Canada. The results have implications for how researchers interpret immigrant adaptation to new political settings.
Dapagliflozin's effect on serum homocysteine in patients with hypertension complicated with insulin resistance
Authors: Yu Xiaoqian , Wen Cong , Xu Rui , Huang Wen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMost patients with hypertension are complicated with insulin resistance (IR), which is one of the risk factors of hypertension and can increase the level of serum homocysteine (Hcy) by affecting Hcy's metabolic enzyme and insulin level. Investigations in recent years have shown that Hcy is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. At present, folic acid is the prominent medicine used to reduce Hcy, but its effection for Hcy has an obvious individual difference, which is closely related to individual genes. Moreover, folic acid is chiefly used in patients with Hcy ≥15 μmol/L, but Hcy ≥10 μmol/L has had an adverse effect on the cardiovascular system. Randomized clinical trials have shown that dapagliflozin can improve IR. Therefore, whether it can reduce Hcy has become a new direction. This study was a retrospective case–control study. Patients with high serum Hcy and hypertension complicated with IR were divided into two groups: the dapagliflozin group (n = 166) and the control group (n = 198). Before and after 12 weeks of treatment, the changes in serum Hcy and IR index were measured and compared. We found that dapagliflozin could reduce the serum Hcy level of patients with hypertension and IR to a certain extent. Dapagliflozin could be a viable option for hypertension complicated with IR and hyperhomocysteinemia. However, these findings need to be further confirmed in future randomized clinical trials with a large number of samples.
Socially optimal dosing for scarce vaccines: Ethical analysis through the principlism framework
Authors: Armitage Richard C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRationale, Aims, and ObjectivesUnder conditions of vaccine scarcity, the socially optimal dosing (SOD) strategy administers a lower dose of vaccine to a larger number of people than the individually optimal dosing (IOD) strategy, which administers a higher dose of vaccine to a smaller number of people. In the context of vaccines that generate diminishing returns of effectiveness with each additional dose beyond the first, SOD therefore generates a greater total amount of vaccine‐induced protection than IOD and, as such, constitutes the socially optimal strategy. While the clinical and public health arguments in favour of SOD have previously been outlined, this article conducts an ethical analysis of SOD for scarce vaccines through the ethical framework of principlism.MethodsSOD is examined with regard to each principle within the principlism framework—nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy, and justice.ResultsSOD is found to satisfy each of the ethical requirements under examination. Regarding nonmaleficence, SOD induces less iatrogenic harm than IOD since the dose of vaccine administered to each individual is lower in the former than the latter. Furthermore, both the good and bad effects of SOD are foreseen while only the good effects are intended, meaning this strategy simultaneously satisfies the doctrine of double effect. Regarding autonomy, SOD makes vaccine‐induced protection available to a greater number of individuals who wish to receive it, thereby respecting their capacity for self‐determination and to make independent decisions. Regarding beneficence, SOD renders the good—namely the protection of health—more widely available to the individuals that constitute the population in question. Finally, SOD promotes theories of justice that treat individuals equally and is unlikely to reduce the effectiveness of other distribution policies that allocate scarce vaccines in a just manner.ConclusionIn conditions of vaccine scarcity, SOD favourably satisfies the ethical framework of principlism.
Dermatoses in overweight and obese children and their relationship with insulin and skin color
Authors: Kus Mine Mujde , Mulayim Mehmet Kamil , Kus Celal , Doganer Adem , Ozturk Perihan , Temiz Fatih , Nazik Hulya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground/AimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity‐related dermatoses in obese children, and the association between these dermatoses and insulin resistance as well as skin color.MethodsObese, overweight, and normal weight children according to body mass index who were followed up and treated in the outpatient clinics were included in the study. Dermatological examinations of the participants were performed, and fasting insulin and glucose levels were checked.ResultsThe obese and overweight children were evaluated as the patient group (70 girls, 41 boys, mean age: 12.37 ± 3.14 years). One hundred one healthy children with normal weight were determined as the control group (59 girls, 42 boys, mean age: 12.15 ± 2.43). The first five common dermatoses in the patient group when compared with the control group were keratosis pilaris (KP), striae distensae, hyperhidrosis, acanthosis nigricans (AN), and plantar hyperkeratosis. The first five dermatoses which were positively correlated with formation and insulin resistance were KP, striae distensae, AN, hyperhidrosis, and plantar hyperkeratosis. According to the Fitzpatrick skin scale, we found that the darker the skin color, the higher the probability of AN and KP (OR, 0.298; 95% CI, 0.106–0.834, p = 0.021; OR, 0.306; 95% CI, 0.117–0.796, p = 0.015, respectively).ConclusionSome dermatoses associated with obesity and insulin resistance were not found in obese children, or there was no significant association. These results indicate that many skin morbidities may be prevented by preventing and treating obesity and insulin resistance in the early period.
Long‐Term RCT outcomes for adolescent alcohol and cannabis use within a predominantly Hispanic sample
Authors: Dash Genevieve F. , Bryan Angela D. , Montanaro Erika , Feldstein Ewing Sarah W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBecause adolescents are unlikely to seek, receive, or complete treatment for alcohol and/or cannabis misuse, it is important to enhance the lasting impact of clinical contacts when they do occur. Adolescents (N = 506; 72.5% Hispanic) were randomized to motivational interviewing (MI) versus alcohol and cannabis education (ACE). Latent growth models estimated change over time. Significant reductions in alcohol use were observed, with slightly greater reductions by 12‐month follow‐up for MI. Both interventions significantly reduced cannabis use, with no treatment group differences. When outcomes were examined comparing Hispanic to non‐Hispanic participants, there were no significant differences in intervention efficacy by group. MI's inherently client‐centered and culturally adaptive approach may contribute to its equitable degree of behavior change for youth across race/ethnic backgrounds.
The dynamism of communication technology adoption, market information and welfare: Evidence from Nile perch (Lates niloticus) fish market, Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Kitole Felician , Lihawa Robert , Sesabo Jennifer , Shitima Christina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the growing importance of digital technology in modern society, its adoption in some sectors and regions has been slow. One such sector is fishing in developing countries, where the potential benefits of technology have yet to be fully realized. This study examines the adoption of communication technology among Nile perch fishers on Lake Victoria in Mwanza, Tanzania. Using a Probit model and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimations with Robust Standard Errors (OLSR), the study analyzes the impact of technology adoption on fishers' welfare, with a focus on income. The results suggest that the type of mobile phone, fishing experience, and the desire to exploit digital marketing are key factors in technology adoption among fishers. Furthermore, the study finds that technology adoption has a significant positive impact on fishers' welfare, indicating that digitalization can increase market competitiveness, openness, and improve livelihoods. To capitalize on these benefits, the study recommends that the government should support the digitalization of the fishing market and make accurate and timely market information readily available to fishers.
The neighbouring genes AvrLm10A and AvrLm10B are part of a large multigene family of cooperating effector genes conserved in Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes
Authors: Talbi Nacera , Fokkens Like , Audran Corinne , Petit‐Houdenot Yohann , Pouzet Cécile , Blaise Françoise , Gay Elise J. , Rouxel Thierry , Balesdent Marie‐Hélène , Rep Martijn , Fudal Isabelle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFungal effectors (small‐secreted proteins) have long been considered as species or even subpopulation‐specific. The increasing availability of high‐quality fungal genomes and annotations has allowed the identification of trans‐species or trans‐genera families of effectors. Two avirulence effectors, AvrLm10A and AvrLm10B, of Leptosphaeria maculans, the fungus causing stem canker of oilseed rape, are members of such a large family of effectors. AvrLm10A and AvrLm10B are neighbouring genes, organized in divergent transcriptional orientation. Sequence searches within the L. maculans genome showed that AvrLm10A/AvrLm10B belong to a multigene family comprising five pairs of genes with a similar tail‐to‐tail organization. The two genes, in a pair, always had the same expression pattern and two expression profiles were distinguished, associated with the biotrophic colonization of cotyledons and/or petioles and stems. Of the two protein pairs further investigated, AvrLm10A_like1/AvrLm10B_like1 and AvrLm10A_like2/AvrLm10B_like2, the second one had the ability to physically interact, similarly to what was previously described for the AvrLm10A/AvrLm10B pair, and cross‐interactions were also detected for two pairs. AvrLm10A homologues were identified in more than 30 Dothideomycete and Sordariomycete plant‐pathogenic fungi. One of them, SIX5, is an effector from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici physically interacting with the avirulence effector Avr2. We found that AvrLm10A/SIX5 homologues were associated with at least eight distinct putative effector families, suggesting that AvrLm10A/SIX5 is able to cooperate with different effectors. These results point to a general role of the AvrLm10A/SIX5 proteins as “cooperating proteins”, able to interact with diverse families of effectors whose encoding gene is co‐regulated with the neighbouring AvrLm10A homologue.
Feminist Gothic: Anonymity and intersectionality of oppression in Eva Figes's The Tenancy
Authors: Xu Lian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Gothic genre has historically been adopted by women writers to express their subversive gender views. In The Tenancy, Figes depicts the systematic oppression of the patriarchal society against women during the latter half of the twentieth century. She also revises the traditional Gothic topos of “oppression” in terms of three aspects: victim, intersectionality, and the source of oppression. Female victims no longer hold traditional gender values; they are new women who are oppressed for their nonconformity. This novel also shows that, with the development of technology and urbanization, patriarchal oppression has become more anonymous and more systematic, during which process gender and class parameters intersect with each other. Figes's revision upon the “oppression” topos reveals a more revolutionary insight than most Gothic novels in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. As a result, The Tenancy marks a significant transition from the female Gothic to the feminist Gothic.
A novel catheter ablation strategy for non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation combining cryoballoon, radiofrequency, and Marshall‐vein ethanol ablations
Authors: Hayasaka Kazuto , Sasaki Takeshi , Shirai Yasuhiro , Shimosato Hikaru , Tahara Tomohiro , Segami Shota , Nagasawa Ryo , Akimoto Ko , Yabe Kento , Toya Chisashi , Watanabe Keita , Yamashita Shu , Suzuki Masahito , Sugiyama Koji , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Okishige Kaoru , Goya Masahiko , Sasano Tetsuo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundsCatheter ablation for non‐paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (non‐PAF) remains challenging and more effective strategy has been required to reduce postoperative arrhythmia recurrences. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel extensive ablation strategy for non‐PAF, that is based on a combination of cryoballoon (CBA), radiofrequency (RFA), and Marshall‐vein ethanol ablations (EA‐VOM).MethodsThe study was a single‐center, retrospective observational study. We enrolled 171 consecutive patients who underwent de‐novo catheter ablation for non‐PAF under conscious sedation with a novel extensive ablation strategy that included CBA for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and left atrial roof ablation (LARA), RFA for mitral isthmus (MI) ablation, superior vena cava isolation, and other linear ablations and EA‐VOM. Recurrence of atrial arrhythmias over 1 year, procedure outcomes, and procedure‐related complications were investigated.ResultsA total of 139 (81.3%) patients remained in sinus rhythm during 1‐year follow‐up. Of the 139 patients, 51 patients (29.8%) received antiarrhythmic drugs. The mean procedure time was 204 ± 45 min. PVI and LARA ablation by CBA and MI block by RFA and EA‐VOM were completed in 171 (100%) and 166 (97.1%) patients, respectively. No serious procedure‐related complications were observed except for one case of delayed pericardial effusion.ConclusionApproximately 80% of the study patients were AF‐free during 1‐year follow‐up period after a single procedure based on the novel extensive ablation strategy combining CBA, RFA, and EA‐VOM. This strategy for non‐PAF may be preferred in terms of maintenance of sinus rhythm, safety even in high‐risk patients, and relatively short procedure time.