bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological Features of Joubert's Syndrome
Authors: Stroscio Giovanni , Cuppari Caterina , Ceravolo Maria Domenica , Salpietro Annamaria , Battaglia Francesco , Sallemi Alessia , Fusco Monica , Ceravolo Antonio , Iapadre Giulia , Calì Elisa , Impollonia Daniela , Granata Francesca 
Published: January 2023

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. All patients affected by this syndrome presented a characteristic picture of cranial fossa malformations, called “molar tooth sign.” This sign is defined by the presence in axial section at the level of a deck/midbrain, of hypo/dysplasia of the cerebellar vermis, abnormally deep interpeduncular fossa and horizontalized thickened and elongated superior cerebellar peduncles. Although “molar tooth sign” is peculiar of JS, other radiological findings have been also reported in these patients. Here, the authors briefly assumed the principal magnetic resonance imaging findings of JS.
Neuromodulation in Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Authors: Ali Irfan , Houck Kimberly M. , Sully Krystal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe introduction of neuromodulation was a revolutionary advancement in the antiseizure armamentarium for refractory epilepsy. The basic principle of neuromodulation is to deliver an electrical stimulation to the desired neuronal site to modify the neuronal functions not only at the site of delivery but also at distant sites by complex neuronal processes like disrupting the neuronal circuitry and amplifying the functions of marginally functional neurons. The modality is considered open-loop when electrical stimulation is provided at a set time interval or closed-loop when delivered in response to an incipient seizure. Neuromodulation in individuals older than 18 years with epilepsy has proven efficacious and safe. The use of neuromodulation is extended off-label to pediatric patients with epilepsy and the results are promising. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are Food and Drug Administration-approved therapeutic techniques. The VNS provides retrograde signaling to the central nervous system, whereas DBS and RNS are more target specific in the central nervous system. While DBS is open-loop and approved for stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus, the RNS is closed-loop and can stimulate any cortical or subcortical structure. We will review different modalities and their clinical efficacy in individuals with epilepsy, with a focus on pediatric patients.
Methylene Blue Use in Pediatrics
Authors: Moss Rachel , Derespina Kim R. , Frye Jessica , Kaushik Shubhi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCatecholamine-resistant shock, also known as vasoplegia, is a challenging entity with a significant risk of mortality. We seek to provide further data on the safety and effectiveness of methylene blue (MB) for vasoplegic shock in the pediatric population. We conducted a retrospective observational study of pediatric patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit or pediatric cardiac intensive care unit at Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital from 2011 to 2021 who received MB for refractory shock. A list of patients was obtained by performing a pharmaceutical query from 2011 to 2021 for “MB.” Chart review was performed to determine indication for use and to collect demographic and clinical data. There were 33 MB administrations: 18 administrations (16 unique patients) for vasoplegic shock, 11 for surgical dye, and 4 for methemoglobinemia. The median age was 5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.08, 13). Ten patients required MB following congenital cardiac repair (62.5%); one administration for myocarditis, septic shock, postcardiac arrest, high output chylothorax, scoliosis repair, and one multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. No patients experienced hemolytic anemia or serotonin syndrome following administration. The median dose of MB was 1 mg/kg. Vasoactive-inotrope score (VIS) improved in 4 out of 18 administrations at 1 hour. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) improved in 10 out of 18 administrations at 1 hour. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) improved in 8 out of 18 administrations at 1 hour. VIS, MAP, and SBP improved in 8 out of 18 administrations at 6 hours. MB may be safely considered as rescue therapy in catecholamine-resistant shock in pediatrics.
Characterisation and evaluation of wheat genetic resources for heat stress tolerance using stay-green traits
Authors: Soni Aarti , Munjal Renu 
Published: January 2023

Context Post-anthesis heat stress is a major concern for wheat. Stay-green (SG) can serve as a crucial marker for plant adaptation to it. Though genetic resources provide an invaluable gene pool for crop breeding, collections are still uncharacterised and their potential is yet to be explored. Aims This study was planned to characterise and evaluate wheat genetic resources, including wild germplasm, for heat stress tolerance using SG traits as selection criteria. Methods Experiment was conducted with thirty wheat genotypes under late and very late sown environments for 2 years. Genotypes were assessed for SG traits like Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil Plant Analysis Development Chlorophyll Meter Reading (SCMR), Leaf Senescence Rate (LSR), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), canopy temperature (CT), phenological traits, morphological traits, yield and its attributes; and characterised into three categories viz., slow senescing, intermediate senescing and fast senescing, based on their rate of senescence. Key results Results indicate that slow-senescing genotypes had a significantly higher NDVI, SCMR and yield as compared to fast-senescing genotypes. NDVI, SCMR, Fv/Fm, days to heading, days to anthesis, days to maturity, grain weight per spike, 100-grain weight and biomass were significantly positively correlated whereas LSR and CT were significantly negatively correlated with grain yield. From the principal component analysis studies, it was revealed that genotypes with a high SCMR, a low LSR, and a high grain yield were placed together as SG genotypes. Conclusions This study confirms that genotypes with SG traits performed better under heat stress. Implications From the wild, genotypes HTW 11 (W), HTW 67 (W) and HTW 6 (W) can be utilised for heat tolerance breedings.
Extending PT to split ergative marking and differential object marking
Authors: Baten Kristof , Ponnet Aaricia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter proposes a developmental sequence for the L2 acquisition of two linguistic phenomena in Hindi, namely split ergativity and differential object marking. The proposal builds on the universal key mechanisms of Processability Theory, i.e., the transfer of grammatical information between constituents (i.e., so-called ‘feature unification’) and the linking of arguments and constituents to grammatical functions (so-called ‘a-to-f mappings’ or ‘c-to-f mappings’), which have been successful in explaining the acquisition of case markers cross-linguistically, i.e., in L2 German, L2 Russian, and L2 Serbian. In addition, the proposal will build on newer developments within PT, which give greater weight to semantic considerations, as evident from a study on differential object marking in L2 Spanish. The present chapter will argue for a development that starts with emerging mappings between prototypical semantic characteristics of thematic roles and case marking, and that evolves to eventual associations of these mappings with grammatical functions.
Acquiring content questions in Japanese child second language
Authors: Kawaguchi Satomi , Iwasaki Junko 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This longitudinal study examines the development of Japanese content questions in an English L1-Japanese L2 child within the Processability Theory (Pienemann, 1998). Our informant, John, started learning Japanese from 6;3 at a Japanese school in Australia. The data were collected between 7;0–8;9, where John produced 373 content questions. The developmental stages of content questions in Japanese L2 were hypothesised based on the Prominence Hypothesis. The analysis revealed that after the production of single-word questions, content questions appeared with a copula followed by lexical verbs, mostly in-situ, consistent with the Prominence Hypothesis. John produced errors concerning incorrect case particles being attached to the question words and NPs. These errors were not reported in monolingual and bilingual first language studies on content questions. These can be explained in terms of his current language acquisition stage.
Japanese L2 corpora and SLA research
Authors: Sakoda Kumiko , Kawaguchi Satomi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter overviews learner corpora and corpus-based acquisition studies in Japanese to illustrate the advantages of using them in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research. It introduces learners’ oral and written production corpora, including I-JAS, the largest Japanese learner corpora in the world. Through separate studies, including one PT-based study, we illustrate how corpora can be utilised to obtain results beyond what can usually be achieved with small-scale studies, which contributes toward overcoming the recurring limitations of current SLA research. Analysing learner corpora enables immediate crosslinguistic triangulations and greater generalisability of findings regarding interlanguage systems. Corpora-based studies allow SLA researchers to consider new perspectives and areas that have to this day been underexplored because of the paucity of data or lack of typological spread and comparability.
Towards understanding the triggering of the malignant cell death in high-efficiency magneto-mechanical anticancer therapy
Authors: Semina P N , Isaev I L , Komogortsev S V , Klyuchantsev A B , Kostyukov A S , Blagodatova A V , Khrennikov D E , Kichkailo A S , Zamay T N , Lapin I N , Sokolov A E , Polyutov S P , Karpov S V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The paper discusses schemes for implementing magneto-mechanical anticancer therapy and the most probable scenarios of damaging mechanical effects on the membranes of malignant cells by targeted magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) selectively bound to membrane mechanoreceptors employing aptamers. The conditions for the selective triggering of the malignant cell apoptosis in a low-frequency non-heating alternating magnetic field, corresponding to the exceeding threshold value of the force acting on the membrane and its mechanoreceptors, are established using a nanoparticle dynamic simulation. The requirements for the functionality of MNPs and their suitability for biomedical applications are analyzed. Attention is paid to the possibility of the formation of magnetite nanoparticle aggregates in an external magnetic field and their localization near tumor cell membranes. It is shown that the scenario involving the process of aggregation of magnetite nanoparticles provides a sufficient magneto-mechanical impact to achieve a therapeutic effect. A possible explanation for the experimentally established fact of successful application of magneto-mechanical therapy using magnetite nanoparticles is presented, in which complete suppression of the Ehrlich carcinoma in an alternating magnetic field as a response to a magneto-mechanical stimulus was demonstrated. This result confirmed the possibility of using the method for high efficiency treatment of malignant neoplasms. The paper provides an extensive review of key publications and the state of the art in this area.
Cluster folding model analysis of the 7Be+28Si elastic scattering in the near-barrier
Authors: Anwar M , Hemmdan A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the framework of the optical model, the elastic scattering of the radioactive projectile 7Be on the 28Si target at four energies near the Coulomb barrier has been analyzed. The cluster folding model is used to determine the real part of the nuclear optical potential. For comparison, two microscopic optical potentials have been generated using the DDM3Y effective NN interaction based upon two different forms for 7Be density distribution. All the obtained real potentials, in conjunction with phenomenological Woods-Saxon imaginary parts, have successfully reproduced the elastic scattering angular distributions over the measured angular range. The energy dependence of the real and imaginary strengths that are produced by the best-fit of the experimental data was examined. Neither the usual threshold anomaly nor the breakup threshold anomaly can be observed at the considered energy range. The obtained cross sections have been reduced and compared with earlier theoretical and experimental data of 7Li on the same target near the Coulomb barrier.
The gyroscopic effect and moment of inertia
Authors: Fäldt Åke , Fredlund Tobias 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper describes a lab to help students develop their understanding of rotational motion. The focus is on moment of inertia, which the students investigate by rolling cylinders down a ramp and determine in two different ways for a bicycle wheel. The most important and original part of the lab is the exploration of the gyroscopic effect, where measurements of precession and rotation frequencies are made using the variation of the detected magnetic field, enabling the calculation of the moment of inertia. The lab is received well by the students and can be done with relatively simple equipment easily accessible to them.
Numerical analysis of divertor target heat load of I-modes in comparison with H-modes of EAST
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Xiaogang , Liu Zixi , Yang Xiaoyi , Zhou Tianchun , Si Hang , Shen Chao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Due to substantial edge transport of particles, I-mode operations offer a high potential for divertor heat load mitigation. In this work, the divertor parameters of I-mode operations on EAST have been investigated using the SOLPS-ITER code, and comparison with H-mode operations has also been made by modeling the I- and H-mode operation processes on EAST. The simulation shows that, for the same separatrix electron density at the outer midplane (OMP)

n

e

,

OMP

sep

, the upstream electron density of the I-mode is higher than that of the H-mode with no density pedestal, while the upstream temperature of the I-mode is almost the same as that of the H-mode with a temperature pedestal similar to that of the H-mode. As a combined result, the temperature and energy flux peaks of the I-mode are thus lower than those of the H-mode at the divertor target. Further parameter scanning investigation reveals that, under low-density conditions (

n

e

,

OMP

sep

=
1.16
×

10

19

m

−
3

), the peak energy flow at the target is reduced by ∼34.1%, in the case of the I-mode as compared to the H-mode, while the peak target temperature is dropped by ∼54.6%. Under high-density conditions (

n

e

,

OMP

sep

=
4.04
×

10

19

m

−
3

), on the other hand, the energy flux and temperature peaks are weakened by ∼28% and ∼30.1%, respectively. The upstream density at detachment onset of an I-mode is also lower than that of an H-mode, by 18.5%. These results suggest that I-mode operation is more appropriate for divertor heat load mitigation than H-mode operation.
Enhanced polarized proton acceleration driven by femtosecond laser pulses irradiating a micro-structured solid–gas target
Authors: Yan Xue , Wu Yitong , Geng Xuesong , Zhang Hui , Shen Baifei , Ji Liangliang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Herein, we propose a scheme based on collision-less shock acceleration (CSA) involving the use of composite targets comprising a micro-structured foil and a pre-polarized gas for obtaining high-energy polarized proton beams. Femtosecond laser pulses irradiate a microwire-array (MWA) target and efficiently heat the dense plasma, which moves toward the dilute plasma. Shocks are then introduced in the pre-polarized gas to accelerate upstream spin-polarized protons to relativistic velocities. Based on particle-in-cell simulations with added spin dynamics, protons with energies of 30–300 MeV are produced, and the polarization rate of protons in the high-energy region exceeds 90%. The simulations demonstrate an evident increase in the temperature and number of hot electrons owing to the presence of MWA structures, which increase both the longitudinal electric field strength associated with the shock and the energy of the reflected protons. During CSA, the bipolar magnetic field driven by hot-electron currents demonstrates a weak effect on the polarization level of the accelerated protons, resulting in a high polarization rate. The relationship between the energy of the polarized proton beam and the hot-electron temperature enables an optimization of the micro-structured target and other target components to enhance proton quality via the CSA process.
Regulating the rectifying effect of zigzag germanium selenide nanoribbons by selective edge decoration
Authors: Wang Fang , Zhang Yajun , Guo Caixia , Wang Tianxing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Germanium selenide (GeSe) nanoribbons as quasi-one-dimensional materials are expected to host fascinating tunable electronic properties due to the edge state and quantum confinement effect. Herein, the effect on the electronic structures and transport properties of zigzag GeSe nanoribbon (ZGeSeNR) of different functional passivation groups is systematically studied using a combination of density functional theory and the non-equilibrium Green’s function. The N-, P-, and S-passivated ZGeSeNRs are metallic, while the F-, Cl-, OH-, and H-passivated ones exhibit semiconductor properties. The rectification behavior is found in lateral ZGeSeNR heterojunctions composed of a metal–semiconductor contact, and the rectification performance can be modulated by changing the edge passivation group, the ribbon width, and the length of the scattering region. Especially, the highest rectification ratio (RR) reaches 9.2

×

106 in the S–H–ZGeSeNR heterojunctions, in which the left and right half-edge atoms are passivated by the S and H groups, respectively. These results are useful for the design of nanoscale rectifiers based on ZGeSeNRs.
Dual gate AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT biosensor for electrical detection of biomolecules-analytical model
Authors: Mann Ruby , Rewari Sonam , Sharma Shobha , Gupta R S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes an analytical model for a dual gate AlGaN/GaN Metal oxide semiconductor-high-electron-mobility transistor (MOS-HEMT) biosensor for electrical detection of neutral species such as Biotin, Keratin, ChOx, and Zein. When only one subband is occupied and the AlGaN layer is assumed to have been fully ionized, the Fermi–Dirac statistic and 2D state density are used to produce a self-consistent calculation of the carrier density in the quantum well at the interface. It is done by analyzing the impact of biomolecule concentration by inserting a biomolecule of appropriate dielectric permittivity in the cavity area beneath the gate region. The impact of cavity length has been analyzed on the sensor’s performance. The proposed device significantly changes the channel potential, transconductance, drain current, and threshold voltage. Dual gate structures offer superior resistance to short channel effects. Due to enhanced transport characteristics, high carrier mobility, drain current, and a variety of other factors, double gate MOS HEMT outperforms single-gate MOS HEMT. The maximal transconductance, drain on sensitivity, and the maximal drain current that has been attained in this work is 0.017 s, 0.22 and 0.129 mA, respectively, for biomolecule concentration, N
b = 3 × 1012. Among all the biomolecules used in this study, Keratin has achieved the maximum shift in threshold voltage and transconductance of 0.4 V and 0.016 s. The increase in current for Keratin, Biotin, Zein, and ChOx is 0.67%, 78%, 17%, and 42%, respectively, from single to dual gate AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT. SiO2, Al2O3, and HfO2 oxides have been compared by filling them in the left side of the cavity. Dual gate AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT biosensor presents an opportunity to develop robust, low-cost, specific detection and analysis of neutral biomolecule. The analytical model provides good results for drain current according to the comparison of simulation and analytical model findings.
A novel double RESURF SOI-LIGBT with dynamic avalanche immunity and low losses
Authors: Li Weidan , Huang Mingmin , Ma Keqiang , Hu Qiang , Jiang Xingli , Wang Siliang , Gong Min 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A novel, trench gates, double reduced surface field, lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI-LIGBT) is proposed and investigated. A p-top layer connected to the emitter via two series diodes and n-rings surrounding the bottom of trench gates are used to reduce the on-state voltage drop (V
CE(sat)) and turn-off loss (E
off). A deep trench with a p-ring is introduced to form a gate-drain shorted positive channel metal oxide semiconductor, which can automatically raise the potential of the p-ring during turn-off so as to enhance the dynamic avalanche immunity. Besides, the deep trench with a p-ring can shield the high electric field from n-rings at the blocking state, which avoids the breakdown of n-rings. Simulation results indicate that the proposed LIGBT can be safely turned off even under a bus voltage equal to the breakdown voltage (V
B), and V
CE(sat) under E
off = 1 mJ cm−2 can be 24% lower than that of the conventional LIGBT.
An RF SQUID readout for a flux qubit-based microwave single photon counter
Authors: Shnyrkov V I , Shapovalov A P , Lyakhno V Yu , Dumik A O , Kalenyuk A A , Febvre P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
An analysis of the measurement of the magnetic flux in superconducting qubits based on RF SQUIDs was carried out with an 800 MHz bandwidth low-power-consumption cryogenic high-electron-mobility transistor amplifier. The preliminary experimental results obtained at temperatures 2 K and 4 K for RF SQUIDs in hysteretic, and in two non-hysteretic, regimes with a pump frequency of about 30 MHz are discussed. Parameters of RF SQUIDs in the hysteretic and non-hysteretic modes are analyzed within the framework of the resistively and capacitively shunted junction model for Josephson junctions. Its sensitivity at a temperature of 30 mK and frequency band (speed) are calculated and optimized to read the states of a flux qubit used as a single microwave photon counter. It is shown that an RF SQUID, operated in an adiabatic non-hysteretic mode for qubit readout, allows us to minimize its back-action effect and the dark count rate. This is due to the absence of Josephson generation, the small amplitude of the resonator electromagnetic field, and the selection of the pump frequency that does not coincide with the characteristic frequencies of the flux qubit.
Corrigendum: Experimental 1H and 13C Solid-State NMR Signal Assignment of Paramagnetic Copper (II) 2-Pyrazine-Carboxylate Complex using Density Functional Theory Calculations (2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1819 012032)
Authors: Hanumanta Patil Bhargava , Peraje Pampa , Naik Dinesh , Rajaramakrishna R , Dittmer Jens , Kumar Kumara Swamy Shashi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.