bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating systems thinking in health: Perspectives from the region of the Americas
Authors: Rocio Saenz , María Paulina Echandi , Karol Rojas , Luis Fernando Solís , Ingrid Gómez 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe Systems Thinking Accelerator (SYSTAC) is a community to engage, connect and collaborate to elevate the field of systems thinking with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the need to identify existing capacities within research and at the practice level. The study aimed to explore if there is a perceived need for and benefit from the application of Systems Thinking tools for analysis and diagnosis of problem-solving within Healthcare in the Region of the Americas in 2021 and the existing capabilities.MethodsThe identification and deconstruction of the needs, demands, and opportunities regarding systems thinking in the Americas were approached by: (i) adapting the tools and Systems Thinking definition to reflect regional nuances, (ii) identifying stakeholder exercise, (iii) needs assessment survey distribution, (iv) stakeholder mapping analysis, (v) workshop. More information on the adaptation and execution of each tool can be found below.Results123 stakeholders were identified, of which 40 participated in the needs assessment survey. 72% of respondents indicated little knowledge of the tools and approaches of systems thinking but a high interest in developing them, as stated by 87% of respondents. Qualitative tools were most frequently used, such as brainstorming, problem trees, and stakeholder mapping. Systems thinking is mainly used when conducting research, implementing, and evaluating projects. A clear need and want for training and developing capacities in health systems thinking were identified. However, in practice, systems thinking faces challenges like resistance to change and to the transformation of health processes, barriers at the institutional level, and other administrative disincentives that hinder its application, being institutional transparency, political will, and the articulation of the actors the main challenges.DiscussionStrengthening and building personal and institutional capacities in systems thinking theory and practice requires overcoming challenges such as lack of transparency and inter-institutional cooperation, the low political will to implement it, and difficult stakeholders' integration. As a first step, it is crucial to understand further the stakeholder network and the capacity needs of the region, gain buy-in from strategic players to establish the use of system thinking as a priority, and develop a roadmap.
Pedestrian detection model based on Tiny-Yolov3 architecture for wearable devices to visually impaired assistance
Authors: Maya-Martínez Sergio-Uriel , Argüelles-Cruz Amadeo-José , Guzmán-Zavaleta Zobeida-Jezabel , Ramírez-Cadena Miguel-de-Jesús 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Wearable assistive devices for the visually impaired whose technology is based on video camera devices represent a challenge in rapid evolution, where one of the main problems is to find computer vision algorithms that can be implemented in low-cost embedded devices.Objectives and Methods: This work presents a Tiny You Only Look Once architecture for pedestrian detection, which can be implemented in low-cost wearable devices as an alternative for the development of assistive technologies for the visually impaired.Results: The recall results of the proposed refined model represent an improvement of 71% working with four anchor boxes and 66% with six anchor boxes compared to the original model. The accuracy achieved on the same data set shows an increase of 14% and 25%, respectively. The F1 calculation shows a refinement of 57% and 55%. The average accuracy of the models achieved an improvement of 87% and 99%. The number of correctly detected objects was 3098 and 2892 for four and six anchor boxes, respectively, whose performance is better by 77% and 65% compared to the original, which correctly detected 1743 objects.Discussion: Finally, the model was optimized for the Jetson Nano embedded system, a case study for low-power embedded devices, and in a desktop computer. In both cases, the graphics processing unit (GPU) and central processing unit were tested, and a documented comparison of solutions aimed at serving visually impaired people was performed.Conclusion: We performed the desktop tests with a RTX 2070S graphics card, and the image processing took about 2.8 ms. The Jetson Nano board could process an image in about 110 ms, offering the opportunity to generate alert notification procedures in support of visually impaired mobility.
Older adults' perceptions of the risks associated with contemporary gambling environments: Implications for public health policy and practice
Authors: Pitt Hannah , McCarthy Simone , Thomas Samantha L. , Randle Melanie , Marko Sarah , Cowlishaw Sean , Kairouz Sylvia , Daube Mike 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionRapid changes in the Australian gambling environment have amplified the risks for gamblers and pose significant threats to public health. Technological advances, saturation of marketing, and the embedding of gambling in sport have all contributed to significant changes in the gambling risk environment. Older adults have witnessed the changes to the way gambling is provided and promoted in public spaces, but little is known about how these changes have shaped the way they conceptualize the risks associated with gambling.MethodGuided by critical qualitative inquiry, semi structured interviews were conducted with 40 Australian adults aged 55 years and older, who had gambled at least once in the last 12 months. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret the data.ResultsParticipants discussed gambling environments in Australia and how they had changed through the proliferation of gambling products, environments, and opportunities; the risks posed through the embedding of gambling in community and media environments; the role of technology in gambling environments; and the role of marketing and promotions in the changing gambling environments. Participants recognized that these factors had contributed to gambling environments becoming increasingly risky over time. However, despite the perception of increased risk, many participants had engaged with new gambling technologies, products, and environments.DiscussionThis research supports the adoption of public health responses that include consideration of the environmental, commercial, and political factors that may contribute to risky gambling environments.
On the nature of Tycho Brahe’s supernova
Authors: Ruiz–Lapuente Pilar 
Published: March 2023

At the 450 years anniversary of its observation, the supernova named after Tycho Brahe, SN 1572, can be explained in the terms used nowadays to characterize Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). By assembling the records of the observations made in 1572–74 and evaluating their uncertainties, it is possible to recover the light curve and the color evolution of this supernova. It is found that, within the SNe Ia family, the event should have been a SN Ia with a normal rate of decline. Concerning the color evolution of SNe Ia, the most recently recovered records reaffirm previous findings of its being a normal SN Ia. The abundance studies from X–ray spectroscopy of the whole remnant point to a nuclear burning of the kind of a delayed detonation explosion of a Chandrasekhar–mass white dwarf. A tentative single degenerate path to explosion was suggested from the exploration of the stars in the field of SN 1572. Though, the origin in a double degenerate is being considered as well. Tycho Brahe’s supernova, being the first supernova studied by astronomers, is still the subject of very intensive debates nowadays.
The one-stop-shop approach: Navigating lumbar 360-degree instrumentation in a single position
Authors: Schwendner Maximilian , Liang Raimunde , Butenschön Vicki M. , Meyer Bernhard , Ille Sebastian , Krieg Sandro M. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTreatment strategies of patients suffering from pyogenic spondylodiscitis are a controverse topic. Percutaneous dorsal instrumentation followed by surgical debridement and fusion of the infectious vertebral disc spaces is a common approach for surgical treatment. Technical advances enable spinal navigation for dorsal and lateral instrumentation. This report investigates combined navigated dorsal and lateral instrumentation in a single surgery and positioning for lumbar spondylodiscitis in a pilot series.MethodsPatients diagnosed with 1- or 2-level discitis were prospectively enrolled. To enable posterior navigated pedicle screw placement and lateral interbody fusion (LLIF) patients were positioned semi-prone in 45-degree fashion. For spinal referencing, a registration array was attached to the pelvic or spinal process. 3D scans were acquired intraoperatively for registration and implant control.Results27 patients suffering from 1- or 2-level spondylodiscitis with a median ASA of 3 (1–4) and a mean BMI of 27.9 ± 4.9 kg/m2 were included. Mean duration of surgery was 146 ± 49 min. Mean blood loss was 367 ± 307 ml. A median of 4 (4–8) pedicle screws were placed for dorsal percutaneous instrumentation with an intraoperative revision rate of 4.0%. LLIF was performed on 31 levels with an intraoperative cage revision rate of 9.7%.ConclusionsNavigated lumbar dorsal and lateral instrumentation in a single operation and positioning is feasible and safe. It enables rapid 360-degree instrumentation in these critically ill patients and potentially reduces overall intraoperative radiation exposure for patient and staff. Compared to purely dorsal approaches it allows for optimal discectomy and fusion while overall incisions and wound size are minimized. Compared to prone LLIF procedures, semi-prone in 45-degree positioning allows for a steep learning curve due to minor changes of familiar anatomy.
A retrospective study on parapneumonic effusion in 130 dogs with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia
Authors: Burnotte Priscilla , Graziano Nicolas , Gommeren Kris 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo screen the occurrence of parapneumonic effusion in dogs.MethodsMedical records were searched for dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia from 2017 to 2021 at the Liege university teaching hospital. Bacterial pneumonia was presumptively diagnosed based on compatible clinical signs and findings; thoracic radiographs compatible with bacterial bronchopneumonia; and either increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a positive bronchoalveolar lavage culture or a positive clinical evolution in response to antibiotic therapy. Patients diagnosed with parasitic or other non-bacterial inflammatory pneumonia or with pulmonary neoplasia were excluded. Signalment, clinical findings, and outcome were recorded.ResultsOne hundred and thirty dogs were included in the study, of which 44 dogs (33.8%) developed a parapneumonic effusion. Four of these dogs (4/44; 9%) had thoracocentesis performed, displaying a modified transudate (2) or septic exudate (2).ConclusionsAlthough parapneumonic effusion in dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia appears to be rather common (33.8%), thoracocentesis or chest tube placement was rarely performed. Furthermore, the outcome of dogs with and without parapneumonic effusion appears to be similar.
Mortality Burden and Life-Years Lost Across the Age Spectrum for Adults Living with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kula Alexander J , Prince David K. , Katz Ronit , Bansal Nisha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:

Background:
Younger individuals living with CKD face a lifetime at risk for complications and mortality. Limited data exists to inform individual patients with CKD across the lifespan how their risk for mortality compares with equivalently aged individuals without CKD, particularly at younger ages. The objective of this study is to provide age specific contexts to the risk of mortality associated with a diagnosis of CKD.

Methods:
We created a pooled study cohort using participants with CKD enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort along with participants aged 21-75 years included in the 1999-2008 NHANES surveys. Age-stratified mortality rates, along with unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for mortality were generated to compare differences between those with and without CKD. Mean life-years-lost (LYL) relating to CKD were calculated using CDC life tables.

Results:
A total of 16,725 participants were included. Mortality rates were higher in those with CKD at all ages. The adjusted age stratified hazard ratio (HR) for mortality in those with CKD versus without was highest in the 21-35yr strata (HR [95% CI]: 4.9 [2.8, 8.]) )and lowest in the 65-75yr strata (HR [95% CI]: 2.0 [1.7, 2.3]). Mean LYL secondary to CKD was inversely related with increasing age.

Conclusions:
Compared to age-matched peers without CKD, the age-stratified risk for mortality and LYL associated with a diagnosis of CKD is highest in younger individuals. Further research is needed to elucidate the societal and personal costs of premature mortality associated with CKD in young adults.
Aksaray İli Marka Değeri Araştırması
Authors: KARADAL Himmet , AKÇİ Yavuz , SEPETÇİ Tülin , DİNÇER Evren 
Published: March 2023

Marka kavramının ortaya çıkışı birbirine benzeyen ürünleri daha kolay ayırt etmeyi kolaylaştırmak amacıyladır. Zamanla marka kavramı farklı ve özel anlamlar kazanmaya başlamıştır. Marka ilk zamanlar mal ve hizmetler için kullanılmıştır. Fakat zamanla markanın kapsamı genişlemiş ve bu kapsam içine fikirler, kişiler, kentler, ülkeler, bölgeler, yerler gibi farklı unsurları da kapsamaya başlamıştır. Bugün artık sadece işletmelerin ya da malların değil, ülkelerin veya kentlerin de marka değerleri oluşmuş ve bunlara ilişkin insanların zihinlerinde imajlar bulunmaktadır. Bu imajlar, insanların o kentte ticaret, yatırım yapma ve kenti ziyaret etme tercihlerini etkilemektedir. Bu durum komşu şehirler arasında rekabet alanı oluşturmuştur. Bu yüzden birçok kent mevcut kent imajlarını ve kentlerinin marka değerlerini belirleme ve bunları daha iyi hale getirme çabasına girmektedirler.
Bu çalışmada Aksaray’ın marka değeri, bu şehirde ikamet eden insanların bakış açılarıyla belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Aksaray’da yaşayan insanların görüşleri hazırlanan anket formu ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Anket formu il merkezindeki insanlara yüz yüze olarak uygulanmış ve toplam 2.272 geçerli anket verisi elde edilmiştir. İstatistik programı aracılığıyla istatistiki analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Aksaray için ilk çağırışım yapanlar Malaklı Köpeği, Ihlara vadisi ve Hasan dağı olmuştur. Katılımcılar Aksaray’ın marka değerinin olması gerekenden daha düşük olduğunu, spor aktiviteleri, uluslararası tanıtım aktiviteleri, konaklama yerlerinin marka değeri, alternatif turizm etkinlikleri, halkın davranışları, sosyal kültürel aktiviteler, üst yapı yatırımları ve şehir içi ulaşım açısından yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. İnanç merkezleri, tarihi eserler ve kentin konumunun yeterlik açısından daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca şehri ziyaret edenlerin memnun ayrıldığı ve arkadaş edinmenin kolay olduğu görülmüş, toplu taşıma ve sosyal faaliyetlerin yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür. Aksaray’ın marka değerinin iyileştirilmesi için ilk olarak daha fazla ulusal ve uluslararası tanıtım etkinliklerinin yapılması, sosyal, kültürel ve sportif etkinlikler için daha fazla girişimde bulunularak ev sahipliği yapılması önerilmektedir. Ayrıca Aksaray için kent logosu tasarlanıp bu logonun şehirle ilgili kurum, kuruluş ve ürünlerde kullanımının teşvik edilmesi önerilmektedir.
The State of AI-Empowered Backscatter Communications: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Ahmed Manzoor , Hussain Touseef , Ali Khurshed , Mirza Muhammad Ayzed , Khan Wali Ullah , Ihsan Asim , Xu Fang , Han Zhu 
Published: March 2023

<p>This paper brings these two technologies together to investigate the current state of AI-powered BC. </p>
<p>We begin with an introduction to BC and an overview of the AI algorithms employed in BC. Then, we delve into the recent advances in AI-based BC, covering key areas such as backscatter signal detection, channel estimation, and jammer control to ensure security, mitigate interference, and improve throughput and latency. We also explore the exciting frontiers of AI in BC using B5G/6G technologies, including backscatter-assisted relay and cognitive communication networks, backscatter-assisted MEC networks, and BC with RIS, UAV, and vehicular networks. Finally, we highlight the challenges and present new research opportunities in AI-powered BC. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of AI-powered BC and its insightful impact on the future of IoT.</p>
Perubahan konseptual siswa dalam memahami konsep fungsi ditinjau dari gaya kognitif field dependent dan field independent dalam pembelajaran daring
Authors: Utami Anita Dewi , Zainudin M. , Anggraini Leilita 
Published: March 2023

Proses perubahan konseptual memiliki keterkaitan dengan pemahaman konsep, hal ini melibatkan siswa dalam mengkonstruksi pemahamannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui perubahan konseptual siswa dalam memahami konsep fungsi ditinjau dari gaya kognitif field dependent (FD) dan gaya kognitif field independent (FI). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Penentuan subjek dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria memiliki kecenderungan terkuat dari masing-masing gaya kognitif field dependent dan field independent, juga memperhatikan pertimbangan guru. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes GEFT, tes pemahaman konsep, dan wawancara. Analisis data dimulai dengan tahap reduksi data, tahap penyajian data, tahap verifikasi, dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan konseptual siswa dalam memahami konsep fungsi dengan gaya kognitif field dependent sudah cukup baik, meskipun ada materi yang belum dikuasai oleh siswa dengan baik. Untuk selanjutnya perubahan konseptual siswa dalam memahami konsep fungsi dengan gaya kognitif field independent sudah sangat baik. Siswa memahami materi demi materi yang ada dengan sangat baik. Perubahan konseptual siswa dengan gaya kognitif field independent lebih baik dari pada siswa dengan gaya kognitif field dependent.
استثناءات الاسم المنقوص في القرآن الكريم
Authors: ضو خالد 
Published: March 2023

الملخص
يدرسُ هذا البحثُ الاستثناءات الواردة على الاسم المنقوص في القرآن الكريم، ويهدفُ إلى التعريف بالاسم المنقوص وبيان خصائصه في الرسم والإعراب في الحالات الأصلية، كما يهدفُ إلى إيراد الاستثناءات الواردة على الاسم المنقوص في القرآن الكريم والحكم عليها من حيث الصحة أو الشذوذ من خلال ما قاله مفسروا القرآن وأهل اللغة، ومن أهمّ النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث أنّ الاسم المنقوص يمتاز بياء تثبتُ في آخره في حالات، وتُحذَفُ في حالات، وهناك حالات استثنائية تثبتُ فيها الياء في موضع الحذف أو تُحذفُ في موضع الإثبات، كما أنّ هذه الاستثناءات الواردة عليه تُعدُّ من اللغة الفصيحة الصحيحة؛ وذلك لورود نماذج منها في القرآن الكريم.
الدلالة النّحوية في القرآن الكريم – نماذج من سورة الكهف-
Authors: عبديش الزهرة , بوعرعارة محمد 
Published: March 2023

الملخص
يُعد البحث في الدّلالة من أهمّ وسائل الكشف عن الأسرار الماثلة في النّص القرآني ومواطن إعجازه اللّغوي، فبالدّلالة يحصل مقصود المتكلّم وغايته من العملية التّواصلية، فالنّحو العربي لم يكن علمًا يُعنى بتتبع علامات الإعراب والبناء فقط، بل هو علم كامل شامل يُعنى بمعاني الكلام ومقاصد المتكلّمين في تفسير دلالة النّص وبيان أهميته في الكشف عن خصائص التّراكيب النّحوية ومعانيها، وهذا ما يمنح للنّحو وظيفة وغاية أسمى تمتاز بنطاق أوسع، فالجانب الدّلاليّ يُعدّ أهّم ركيزة في نظرية النّحو العربي، التي سعت جاهدة لحفظ النّص القرآني واكتشاف كنهه لرصد الأحكام الفقهية من أجل إقامة مفهوم موحّد للتشريع الإسلامي، وهذا ما نجده في اجتهاد نحاة العربية وإظهارهم للأثر الدّلالي الذي تحمله التّراكيب النّحوية من خلال العلائق المنظومة فيما بينها من إسناد وتوكيد ونفي وشرط وحذف إلى غير ذلك من أبواب النّحو العربي، ونحن نسعى من خلال ورقتنا البحثية هاته إلى تسليط الضّوء على بعض الصّيغ النّحوية الواردة في سورة الكهف.
معالم منهجيّة نقد الرواة عند الإمام البيهقي في ضوء كتابه "الخلافيات بين الإمامين الشافعي وأبي حنيفة وأصحابه"-دراسة نظرية تطبيقية
Authors: بشلاغم براهيم , مغرواي محمود 
Published: March 2023

الملخص
يُعدُّ كتاب" الخلافيّات بين الإمامين الشافعي وأبي حنيفة وأصحابه " من أهم كُتب الإمام البيهقي التي تدل على شخصيته الحديثية، فجاءت هذه الدراسة لتقف على معالم منهجية نقد الرواة عنده في هذا السِفر العظيم. وقد بيّنت الدراسة أنّ عمليّة نقد الرواة عند الإمام البيهقي شاملة للجرح والتعديل، بعبارات فنيّة جمعت بين أصالة المنهج وتنوع العبارة، مع حدّة في النظر وشدّة في العِناية، كما أثبتت الدراسة أنّ أحكامه اتسمت بالجِدّية وعدَم التقليد لمن سبقه من النقاد، وأنّ الإمام البيهقي من الأئمة النقاد والمتمرسين في علم الجريح والتعديل ونقد الرجال، وله قدم راسخة في هذا العلم، كما شهد له بذلك أهل الفنّ والصنعة
مصادر فكر الأمير عبد القادر ومؤلفاته
Authors: بن خليف مالك , لحلح الزهرة 
Published: March 2023

الملخص
تتناول هذه الدراسة المنابع والروافد التي استقى منها الأمير عبد القادر فكره والتي شكلت ثقافته ومنهجه الذي عرف القاصي والداني ملامحه في أرض الواقع من خلال الدور الريادي الذي اضطلع به في بناء دولة الجزائر الحديثة .وقد وجد من الغربيين من يقلل من المستوى العلمي للأمير وأن ثقافته تراثية محدودة بشعر الفروسية وبادية الصحراء و أنه كان يجهل العلوم و التاريخ ولكن القراءة الموضوعية الناقدة والمتبصرة لكل ما خطه الأمير بيديه -نثرا وشعرا - تجعلنا نحكم بيقين بأن الكثيرين لم يطلعوا على ما كتبه الأمير في تآليفه من علم وفلسفة وتاريخ . وهذا ما سنتعرض لبيانه في هذا المقال
صورة المثقف الديني عند المفكر عبد الكريم سروش
Authors: برحايل سلمى 
Published: March 2023

الملخص
أثارت أراء المفكر الايراني عبد الكريم سروش، الكثير من الجدل في صفوف النخبة المثقفة، ومن الآراء التي أثارت الجدل وتعرضت للنقد والمساءلة في محطات مختلفة، تصوره للمثقف الديني ودوره الاصلاحي في المجتمع ، الذي يضع زمام الإصلاح الثقافي من ذوي الاتجاه التجديدي ، الذين هم أساسا مختلفين عن غيرهم في أيديولوجيات فهمهم للواقع، حريصين على التزامهم الديني في ظل مسعاهم الإصلاحي، وتجنبا للوقوع في المغالطات وملابسات المفاهيم السائدة في أعراف وتقاليد المجتمعات ، وضع سروش مجموعة سمات ضمن المهام التي ألزم بها المثقف الديني، تضمن له تحقيق نظام اجتماعي ناجح ، كما اقترح له سمات تميزه عن غيره من المثقفين ونظرا لأصالة هذا الموقف وأهميته فقد خصصنا له هذا المقال
مشاهد من تمثلات الخرافة بالمغرب الأوسط في العصر الوسيط
Authors: حاج محمد أسماء 
Published: March 2023

الملخص
تعالج هذه الورقة البحثية مدى مساهمة الموروث الديني الوثني القديم في انتشار الخرافات، هذه الأخيرة التي استندت في مادتها على إحياء بعض رموز الديانة الوثنية القديمة كعناصر الطبيعة وتقديس البشر وطقوس السحر، دون أن تقدم أي مبرر منطقي لهذا الفعل، بل آثرت تجاوز الدين الإسلامي وتغييب العقل، وتفعيل السذاجة، لتعكس بذلك طبيعة البيئة التي دعمت ترسيخ الخرافة في الذهنية الاجتماعية بالمغرب الأوسط في العصر الوسيط
بين أصول الفقه وأصول اللغة : مدخل نظري حول النشأة والمفهوم.
Authors: بلميهوب عبد المالك 
Published: March 2023

الملخص
لعل علمَ أصول الفقه من أوثق العلوم صلة بعلم اللغة العربية، ، وذلك أن جانبا كبيرا من مبادئه النظرية، وإجراءاته التطبيقية (الاستنباطية) يعتمد على دراسة اللغة العربية، وبحثنا هذا يرمي إلى إبراز مبادئ هذه العلاقة الوطيدة بين كل من الأصوليين الذين اعتبروا معرفة اللغة العربية شرطا مشروطا في ميدان بحثهم، والنحاة الذين استفادوا من هاجس الفقهاء التأصيلي في ابتداع أصول اللغة