bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminating a common envelope jets supernova impostor event with a super-Eddington blue supergiant
Authors: Cohen Tamar , Soker Noam 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We conducted one-dimensional stellar evolutionary numerical simulations to build blue supergiant stellar models with a very low-envelope mass and a super-Eddington luminosity of 107L⊙ that mimic the last phase of a common envelope evolution (CEE) where a neutron star (NS) accretes mass from the envelope and launches jets that power the system. Common envelope jets supernovae (CEJSNe) are CEE transient events where an NS spirals-in inside the envelope and then the core of a red supergiant (RSG) star accretes mass and launches jets that power the transient event. In case the NS (or black hole) does not enter the core of the RSG, the event is a CEJSN-impostor. We propose that in some cases a CEJSN-impostor event might end with such a phase of a blue supergiant lasting for several years to few tens of years. The radius of the blue supergiant is about tens to few hundreds’ solar radii. We use a simple prescription to deposit the jets’ energy into the envelope. We find that the expected accretion rate of envelope mass onto the NS at the end of the CEE allows the power of the jets to be as we assume, 107L⊙. Such a low-mass envelope might be the end of the RSG envelope or a rebuilt envelope from mass fallback. Our study of a blue supergiant at the termination of a CEJSN-impostor event adds to the rich variety of transients that CEJSNe and CEJSN-impostors might form.
Fuzzy Aquarius: evolution of a Milky-way like system in the Fuzzy Dark Matter scenario
Authors: Nori Matteo , Macciò Andrea V , Baldi Marco 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the first high-resolution zoom-in simulation of a Milky-way-like halo extracted from the Aquarius Project in the Fuzzy Dark Matter (FDM) framework. We use the N-body code AX-GADGET, based on a particle-oriented solution of the Schrödinger–Poisson equations, able to detail the complexity of structure formation while keeping track of the quantum effects in FDM. The halo shows a cored density profile, with a core size of several kpc for an FDM mass of mχ = 2.5h × 10−22 eV/c2. A flattening is observed also in the velocity profile, representing a distinct feature of FDM dynamics. We provide a quantitative analysis of the impact of fuzziness on subhaloes in terms of abundance, mass, distance, and velocity distribution functions, and their evolution with redshift. Very interestingly, we show that all collapsed structures, despite showing a flat density profile at z = 0, do not reach the solitonic ground state at the time of formation: on the contrary, they asymptotically converge to it on a time-scale that depends on their mass and formation history. This implies that current limits on FDM mass – obtained by applying simple scaling relations to observed galaxies – should be taken with extreme care, since single objects can significantly deviate from the expected asymptotic behaviour during their evolution.
A kinetic-scale magnetic hole in the magnetopause reconnection separatrix region
Authors: Li Zhi , Zhang Mao 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Magnetic holes are ubiquitous in Earth’s magnetosphere plasma system. Understanding their formation mechanisms and influence to background plasma is crucial for insight into energy conversion in near-earth space environments. Here, we present unambiguous evidence that a kinetic-scale magnetic hole occurs in the separatrix region of asymmetry reconnection at the Earth’s magnetopause, implying that the connection between magnetic holes and reconnection should be more extensive. By taking advantage of high-resolution measurements, we show that electrons along the separatrix region are trapped and significantly thermalized by magnetic hole. Observations suggest that separatrix region with significant shear flow can provide favourable conditions for stable magnetic holes, which can further continuously generate high-energy electrons.
Star cluster formation and survival in the first galaxies
Authors: Garcia Fred Angelo Batan , Ricotti Massimo , Sugimura Kazuyuki , Park Jongwon 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Using radiation-hydrodynamic cosmological simulations, we present a detailed (0.1 pc resolution), physically motivated portrait of a typical-mass dwarf galaxy before the epoch of reionization, resolving the formation, and evolution of star clusters into individual 10 M⊙ star particles. In the rest-frame ultraviolet, the galaxy has an irregular morphology with no bulge or disc, dominated by light emitted from numerous, compact, and gravitationally-bound star clusters. This is especially interesting in light of recent James Webb Space Telescope observations that − aided by the magnifying power of gravitational lenses – have imaged, at parsec-scale resolution, individual young star clusters forming in similar galaxies at z&gt; 6. Because of their low metallicities and high temperatures, star-forming gas clouds in this galaxy have densities ∼100 times higher than typical giant molecular clouds; hence, their expected star formation efficiencies (SFEs) are high enough (around 10 − 70 per cent) to produce a sizeable population of potential globular cluster progenitors, but typically smaller (a few 100 − 2 ×104M⊙, half-mass radii of up to 3 pc) and of lower metallicities (10−3.5– 10−2.5 Z⊙). The initial mass function of the star-forming clouds is log-normal, whereas the bound star cluster mass function is a power-law with a slope that depends mainly on SFE but also on the temporal proximity to a major starburst. We find slopes between −0.5 and −2.5 depending on the assumed sub-grid SFE. Star formation is self-regulated on galactic scales; however, the multimodal metallicity distribution of the star clusters and the fraction of stars locked into surviving bound star clusters depends on SFE.
Kinetic simulations of the filamentation instability in pair plasmas
Authors: Iwamoto Masanori , Sobacchi Emanuele , Sironi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The non-linear interaction between electromagnetic waves and plasmas attracts significant attention in astrophysics because it can affect the propagation of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) – luminous millisecond-duration pulses detected at radio frequency. The filamentation instability (FI) – a type of non-linear wave–plasma interaction – is considered to be dominant near FRB sources, and its non-linear development may also affect the inferred dispersion measure of FRBs. In this paper, we carry out fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations of the FI in unmagnetized pair plasmas. Our simulations show that the FI generates transverse density filaments, and that the electromagnetic wave propagates in near vacuum between them, as in a waveguide. The density filaments keep merging until force balance between the wave ponderomotive force and the plasma pressure gradient is established. We estimate the merging time-scale and discuss the implications of filament merging for FRB observations.
Reaction dynamics of C(3P) + Si2(X $^{3}\Sigma ^-_g$ ) → Si(3P) + SiC(X 3Π) on a global CHIPR potential energy surface of the ground state Si2C(X 1A1)
Authors: Li Ximing , Qin Zhi , Chen Guangan , Liu Linhua 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The dynamics of C(3P) + Si2(X $^{3}\Sigma ^-_g$ ) → Si(3P) + SiC(X 3Π) on its ground state Si2C(X 1A1) are of great significance in carbon-rich interstellar chemistry. Using the combined-hyperbolic-inverse-power-representation method, we construct the first global potential energy surface (PES) for the electronic ground state Si2C(X 1A1) based on a total of 4080 ab initio energy points, which are obtained at the Davidson-corrected internally contracted multireference configuration interaction level of theory. The topographical features of the newly constructed PES are examined in detail and show good agreement with previous theoretical and experimental studies. Finally, we investigate the C(3P) + Si2(X $^{3}\Sigma ^-_g$ ) → Si(3P) + SiC(X 3Π) reaction using the quasi-classical trajectory and time-dependent wave packet calculations, yielding reasonable integral cross sections and rate constants, which are expected to be useful for astrochemical modelling in carbon-rich interstellar environments.
Bright X-ray pulsars as sources of MeV neutrinos in the sky
Authors: Asthana Aman , Mushtukov Alexander A , Dobrynina Alexandra A , Ognev Igor S 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
High-mass accretion rate on to strongly magnetized neutron stars results in the appearance of accretion columns supported by the radiation pressure and confined by the strong magnetic field of a star. At mass accretion rates above $\sim 10^{19}\, {\rm g\, s^{-1}}$ , accretion columns are expected to be advective. Under such conditions, a noticeable part of the total energy release can be carried away by neutrinos of a MeV energy range. Relying on a simple model of the neutrino luminosity of accreting strongly magnetized neutron stars, we estimate the neutrino energy fluxes expected from six ULX pulsars known up to date and three brightest Be X-ray transits hosting magnetized neutron stars. Despite the large neutrino luminosity expected in ULX pulsars, the neutrino energy flux from the Be X-ray transients of our Galaxy, Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and Large Magellanic Cloud is dominant. However, the neutrino flux from the brightest X-ray transients is estimated to be below the isotropic background by two orders of magnitude at least, which makes impossible direct registration of neutrino emission from accreting strongly magnetized neutron stars nowadays.
An occupational health survey of the UK’s mortuary workforce
Authors: Estrin-Serlui T , Bailey D , Osborn M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Mortuaries are predominantly staffed by anatomical pathology technologists (APTs) and pathologists, and the work they undertake carries implicit health risk due to its nature. Until now there has not been a nationwide assessment of the occupational health of these essential workers in the UK.

Aims
To assess the current occupational health status and needs of the mortuary workforce in the UK.

Methods
We created a bespoke, brief online survey which was approved by the professional bodies representing APTs and pathologists in the UK. The survey was disseminated electronically using these organizations’ targeted mailing lists.

Results
Two hundred and thirty participants completed the survey, comprising 108 (47%) APTs and 122 (53%) pathologists. Most (89%) respondents reported that they have suffered from occupational health issues, the largest subcategory being musculoskeletal problems (77%). Almost half (48%) of APTs and around one-quarter (26%) of pathologists who responded have taken time off work in the last year because of occupational health problems, with almost one-fifth (19%) of the APTs having taken at least 4 weeks off.

Conclusions
A significant number of workhours are lost per year to sick leave resulting from occupational health problems. Respondents’ comments highlight issues in workspaces, rest facilities and staffing, and variability in working conditions across the country. We suggest that future workforce planning should prioritize good occupational health, with nationwide improvements in mortuary design.
Communication About Complementary and Alternative Medicine When Patients Decline Conventional Cancer Treatment: Patients’ and Physicians’ Experiences
Authors: Wode Kathrin , Sharp Lena , Fransson Per , Nordberg Johanna Hök 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a broad set of nonconventional practices used alongside or instead of conventional treatment: The latter poses obvious risks related to cancer prognosis. Patient-physician dialogue about CAM is crucial for patient safety and mutual trust. Little is known about communication in the rare situations when patients decline recommended cancer treatment and consider using CAM. The objective of this study was to explore patients’ and physicians’ experiences from situations when patients decline recommended cancer treatment and consider using CAM.

Materials and Methods
Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 7 CAM-using cancer patients who had declined some or all conventional treatment as well as 10 physicians from oncology and palliative care. Framework analysis was used.

Results
Regarding treatment choices, there was a dissonance between physicians’ focus on medical reasoning and patients’ expression of complex values. Physicians’ difficulty in understanding patients’ treatment decline was exacerbated when patients considered using CAM, impairing communication even further. Inequalities in roles resulting in power struggles risked pushing both parties toward extreme and inflexible standpoints. Despite these challenges regarding treatment choices and hierarchical roles, both parties considered open and respectful communication as crucial.

Conclusions
This study highlights the difficulty of shared decision-making in practice when patients’ and physicians’ views on treatment decisions deviate in clinically challenging situations. Our results point to a need to address the complexity of these situations, pay attention to patients’ values, and improve knowledge among physicians about CAM.
Association Between Lymphopenia and Survival Outcomes in Esophageal Carcinoma Patients Receiving Combined Immunotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Cheng Xingyuan , Chen Baoqing , Wang Sifen , Zhang Jun , Zhu Jinhan , Liu Mengzhong , Liu Shiliang , Xi Mian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
To investigate the association between absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) nadir and survival outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who received definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, as well as to explore clinical characteristics and dosimetric parameters that affect ALC nadir during CRT.

Patients and Methods
Patients with ESCC (n = 602) who underwent definitive CRT were analyzed, of whom 166 received combined anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and CRT. Changes in ALC and survival were compared between patients with and without immunotherapy. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to minimize the effects of confounding factors. Low ALC was defined as nadir of &lt;0.33 × 103 cells/μL during CRT (top tertile). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors of low ALC nadir.

Results
Patients with immunotherapy had significantly higher ALC in the first 3 weeks during CRT and higher ALC nadir than those without. Overall survival was more favorable in patients with immunotherapy both before and after PSM. After a median follow-up of 12.1 months, patients with low ALC during CRT had a worse progression-free survival (PFS) (P = .026). In multivariate analysis, low ALC remained a significant prognostic factor for PFS. Planning target volume (PTV) and heart V5 were revealed to be independent predictors of low ALC.

Conclusions
The addition of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy to definitive CRT could mitigate the decline of ALC during radiotherapy and might prolong survival. Low ALC nadir was correlated to worse PFS, larger PTV, and higher heart V5 in patients receiving combined immunotherapy and CRT.
A Divergent Clade KAI2 Protein in the Root Parasitic Plant Orobanche minor Is a Highly Sensitive Strigolactone Receptor and Is Involved in the Perception of Sesquiterpene Lactones
Authors: Takei Saori , Uchiyama Yuta , Bürger Marco , Suzuki Taiki , Okabe Shoma , Chory Joanne , Seto Yoshiya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) were initially discovered as germination inducers for root parasitic plants. In 2015, three groups independently reported the characterization of the SL receptor in the root parasitic plant Striga hermonthica, which causes significant damage to crop production, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The characterized receptors belong to HYPOSENSITIVE TO LIGHT/KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (HTL/KAI2), which is a member of the α/β-hydrolase protein superfamily. In non-parasitic plants, HTL/KAI2 perceives the smoke-derived germination inducer karrikin and a yet-unidentified endogenous ligand. However, root parasitic plants evolved a specific clade of HTL/KAI2 that has diverged from the KAI2 clade of non-parasitic plants. The S. hermonthica SL receptors are included in this specific clade, which is called KAI2 divergent (KAI2d). Orobanche minor is an obligate root holoparasitic plant that grows completely dependent on the host for water and nutrients because of a lack of photosynthetic ability. Previous phylogenetic analysis of KAI2 proteins in O. minor has demonstrated the presence of at least five KAI2d clade genes. Here, we report that KAI2d3 and KAI2d4 in O. minor have the ability to act as the SL receptors. They directly interact with SLs in vitro, and when expressed in Arabidopsis, they rescue thermo-inhibited germination in response to the synthetic SL analog GR24. In particular, KAI2d3 showed high sensitivity to GR24 when expressed in Arabidopsis, suggesting that this receptor enables highly sensitive SL recognition in O. minor. Furthermore, we provide evidence that these KAI2d receptors are involved in the perception of sesquiterpene lactones, non-strigolactone-type germination inducers.
Variability of tintinnid ciliate communities with water masses in the western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Li Haibo , Wang Chaofeng , Zhao Li , Dong Yi , Zhao Yuan , Zhang Wuchang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Tintinnids play a pivotal role in the marine plankton ecosystem and are model organisms in plankton studies. However, the biogeographic distribution type and community variation of tintinnids from coastal to open waters in the western Pacific have never been studied before. In the present study, 42 surface tintinnid samples were collected from coastal water to the western Pacific warm pool. A total of 84 tintinnid species were identified. The Kuroshio intrusion has obvious influence on tintinnid distribution and community structure. Fifty-two tintinnid species with relatively high occurrence frequency were classified into neritic, transitional, Kuroshio, warm-pool and cosmopolitan species. We verified the existence of tintinnid transitional species and community in Mixed Water between Neritic and Kuroshio Waters (KW). Tintinnid species richness, abundance, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were higher in the KW than in the Warm-pool Water. The community complexity and stability was highest in the KW. Our findings provide a profound understanding of planktonic biogeography and community variation from nearshore to open waters in tropical and subtropical oceans.
RNA degradome analysis reveals DNE1 endoribonuclease is required for the turnover of diverse mRNA substrates in Arabidopsis
Authors: Nagarajan Vinay K , Stuart Catherine J , DiBattista Anna T , Accerbi Monica , Caplan Jeffrey L , Green Pamela J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In plants, cytoplasmic mRNA decay is critical for posttranscriptionally controlling gene expression and for maintaining cellular RNA homeostasis. Arabidopsis DCP1-ASSOCIATED NYN ENDORIBONUCLEASE 1 (DNE1) is a cytoplasmic mRNA decay factor that interacts with proteins involved in mRNA decapping and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). There is limited information on the functional role of DNE1 in RNA turnover, and the identities of its endogenous targets are unknown. In this study, we utilized RNA degradome approaches to globally investigate DNE1 substrates. Monophosphorylated 5′ ends, produced by DNE1, should accumulate in mutants lacking the cytoplasmic exoribonuclease XRN4, but be absent from DNE1 and XRN4 double mutants. In seedlings, we identified over 200 such transcripts, most of which reflect cleavage within coding regions. While most DNE1 targets were NMD-insensitive, some were upstream ORF (uORF)-containing and NMD-sensitive transcripts, indicating that this endoribonuclease is required for turnover of a diverse set of mRNAs. Transgenic plants expressing DNE1 cDNA with an active-site mutation in the endoribonuclease domain abolished the in planta cleavage of transcripts, demonstrating that DNE1 endoribonuclease activity is required for cleavage. Our work provides key insights into the identity of DNE1 substrates and enhances our understanding of DNE1-mediated mRNA decay.
Biosynthesis of polyprenylated xanthones in Hypericum perforatum roots involves 4-prenyltransferase
Authors: Sayed Hesham M B , Nassar Sara , Kaufholdt David , Beerhues Ludger , Liu Benye , El-Awaad Islam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Polyprenylated xanthones are natural products with a multitude of biological and pharmacological activities. However, their biosynthetic pathway is not completely understood. In this study, metabolic profiling revealed the presence of 4-prenylated 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone derivatives in St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) root extracts. Transcriptomic data mining led to the detection of 5 variants of xanthone 4-prenyltransferase (HpPT4px) comprising 4 long variants (HpPT4px-v1 to HpPT4px-v4) and 1 short variant (HpPT4px-sh). The full-length sequences of all 5 variants were cloned and heterologously expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Microsomes containing HpPT4px-v2, HpPT4px-v4, and HpPT4px-sh catalyzed the addition of a prenyl group at the C-4 position of 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone; 1,3,5-trihydroxyxanthone; and 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone, whereas microsomes harboring HpPT4px-v1 and HpPT4px-v3 additionally accepted 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone. HpPT4px-v1 produced in Nicotiana benthamiana displayed the same activity as in yeast, while HpPT4px-sh was inactive. The kinetic parameters of HpPT4px-v1 and HpPT4px-sh chosen as representative variants indicated 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone as the preferred acceptor substrate, rationalizing that HpPT4px catalyzes the first prenylation step in the biosynthesis of polyprenylated xanthones in H. perforatum. Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate was the exclusive prenyl donor. Expression of the HpPT4px transcripts was highest in roots and leaves, raising the question of product translocation. C-terminal yellow fluorescent protein fusion of HpPT4px-v1 localized to the envelope of chloroplasts in N. benthamiana leaves, whereas short, truncated, and masked signal peptides led to the disruption of plastidial localization. These findings pave the way for a better understanding of the prenylation of xanthones in plants and the identification of additional xanthone-specific prenyltransferases.