bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different neuroanatomical correlates for temporal and spectral supra‐threshold auditory tasks and speech in noise recognition in older adults with hearing impairment
Authors: Neuschwander Pia , Schmitt Raffael , Jagoda Laura , Kurthen Ira , Giroud Nathalie , Meyer Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVarying degrees of pure‐tone hearing loss in older adults are differentially associated with cortical volume (CV) and thickness (CT) within and outside of the auditory pathway. This study addressed the question to what degree supra‐threshold auditory performance (i.e., temporal compression and frequency selectivity) as well as speech in noise (SiN) recognition are associated with neurostructural correlates in a sample of 59 healthy older adults with mild to moderate pure‐tone hearing loss. Using surface‐based morphometry on T1‐weighted MRI images, CT, CV, and surface area (CSA) of several regions‐of‐interest were obtained. The results showed distinct neurostructural patterns for the different tasks in terms of involved regions as well as morphometric parameters. While pure‐tone averages (PTAs) positively correlated with CT in a right hemisphere superior temporal sulcus and gyrus cluster, supra‐threshold auditory perception additionally extended significantly to CV and CT in left and right superior temporal clusters including Heschl's gyrus and sulcus, the planum polare and temporale. For SiN recognition, we found significant correlations with an auditory‐related CT cluster and furthermore with language‐related areas in the prefrontal cortex. Taken together, our results show that different auditory abilities are differently associated with cortical morphology in older adults with hearing impairment. Still, a common pattern is that greater PTAs and poorer supra‐threshold auditory performance as well as poorer SiN recognition are all related to cortical thinning and volume loss but not to changes in CSA. These results support the hypothesis that mostly CT undergoes alterations in the context of auditory decline, while CSA remains stable.
From bottom‐up to top‐down control of invertebrate herbivores in a retrogressive chronosequence
Authors: Kempel Anne , Allan Eric , Gossner Martin M. , Jochum Malte , Grace James B. , Wardle David A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the long‐term absence of disturbance, ecosystems often enter a decline or retrogressive phase which leads to reductions in primary productivity, plant biomass, nutrient cycling and foliar quality. However, the consequences of ecosystem retrogression for higher trophic levels such as herbivores and predators, are less clear. Using a post‐fire forested island‐chronosequence across which retrogression occurs, we provide evidence that nutrient availability strongly controls invertebrate herbivore biomass when predators are few, but that there is a switch from bottom‐up to top‐down control when predators are common. This trophic flip in herbivore control probably arises because invertebrate predators respond to alternative energy channels from the adjacent aquatic matrix, which were independent of terrestrial plant biomass. Our results suggest that effects of nutrient limitation resulting from ecosystem retrogression on trophic cascades are modified by nutrient‐independent variation in predator abundance, and this calls for a more holistic approach to trophic ecology to better understand herbivore effects on plant communities.
SBMYv3: Improved MobYOLOv3 a BAM attention‐based approach for obscene image and video detection
Authors: Samal Sonali , Zhang Yu‐Dong , Gadekallu Thippa Reddy , Nayak Rajashree , Balabantaray Bunil Kumar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCountless cybercrime instances have shown the need for detecting and blocking obscene material from social media sites. Deep learning methods (DLMs) outperformed in recognizing obscene content flooded on many online platforms. However, these contemporary DLMs primarily treat the recognition of obscene content as a simple task of binary classification, rather than focusing on the labelling of obscene areas. Hence, many of these methods could not pay attention to the fact that misclassification samples are so diverse. Therefore, this paper focuses on two aspects (i) developing a deep learning model that could classify and label the obscene portion, and (ii) generating a labelled obscene image dataset with a wide variety of obscene samples to minimize the risks of inaccurate recognition. We have proposed a method named S3Pooling based bottleneck attention module (BAM) embedded MobileNetV2‐YOLOv3 (SBMYv3) for automatic detection of obscene content using an attention mechanism and a suitable pooling strategy. The key contributions of our article are: (i) generation of a well‐labelled obscene image dataset with a variety of augmentation strategies using Pix‐2‐Pix GAN (ii) modifications to the backend architecture of YOLOv3 using MobileNetV2 and BAM to ensure focused and accurate feature extraction, and (iii) selection of an optimal pooling strategy, that is, S3Pooling strategy, while taking the design of the feature extractor into account. The proposed SBMYv3 model outperformed other state‐of‐the‐art models with 99.26% testing accuracy, 99.39% recall, 99.13% precision, and 99.13% IoU values respectively.
BWOA based metaheuristic approach for uncertain nonlinear milling CNC machine system
Authors: Pathak Pawan Kumar , Yadav Anil Kumar , Shastri Anshuman 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe scientific advances in the machining process inculcate intelligence in computer numerical control (CNC), to enhance reliability and quality production. The study made in this article has been directed towards the metaheuristic‐based intelligent control of a nonlinear uncertain CNC machine for milling purposes. The presence of cutting force and frictional type constraints, along with parametric uncertainties, degrade the production quality in milling operations. Moreover, enhanced performance of milling operation can be achieved via intelligent control of position and velocity of machine table and tool. In this work, the black widow optimization algorithm (BWOA) driven proportional–integral–derivative (PID) and PI controllers are employed for the position and the velocity of machine table and tool, respectively. Servo and regulatory are the two important control problems that are considered, analysed, and addressed in this work. The most challenging task of simultaneous tuning of PI and PID controllers is also addressed in this brief. Finally, a vivid comparative analysis of five state‐of‐the‐art optimization techniques is also performed, and the obtained results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed control scheme. While dealing with the servo performance of x‐axis, the proposed controller gives a 100% improvement in overshoot and 61.54% improvement in settling time, and for regulatory performance, it gives a 98.45% improvement in undershoot. Moreover, for z‐axis control, the proposed controller gives a 100% improvement in overshoot and 61.54% improvement in settling time and for regulatory performance gives a 100% improvement in undershoot compared to published literature.
Cognitive effects of cilostazol in Alzheimer's dementia patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease: A case–control study
Authors: Chien Ching‐Fang , Huang Ling‐Chun , Li Kuan‐Ying , Yang Yuan‐Han 
Published: January 2023

AimAlzheimer's dementia (AD) is a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disease, characterized by beta‐amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. Peripheral atherosclerosis may deteriorate these processes via endothelial cell dysfunction and microvascular impairment. Cilostazol – a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor – is a standard treatment for peripheral arterial occlusive disease and a potential treatment for preserving cognitive function in AD patients. We aimed to determine whether cilostazol is beneficial in AD patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease by evaluating Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) domains.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case–control study of 62 AD patients in Taiwan. Thirty‐one patients had peripheral arterial occlusive disease and were receiving cilostazol plus acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs) or N‐methyl d‐aspartate antagonists, whereas 31 others were receiving AchEIs. Therapeutic responses were measured using neuropsychological assessments. The CASI was administered at baseline and 12 months later; different domains were analyzed between the groups using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsAge, sex, education duration, ApoE ε4 gene status, and initial Mini‐Mental State Examination scores were not different between the two groups. Except for fluency, no CASI domains showed a statistical difference between the groups. A significant difference was observed in category fluency (P = 0.010). In the logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for covariate effects, category fluency still showed a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.013).ConclusionsIn AD patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease who have received Food and Drug Administration‐approved pharmacotherapy, cilostazol, as an antiplatelet, may help to preserve general cognitive function, with significant preservation in category fluency. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 194–199.
On the General Deviation Measure and the Gini coefficient
Authors: Nisani Doron 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe General Deviation Measure introduces a progressive definition for financial risk measurement, which presents an alternative to the Coherent Risk Measure. This definition replaces the Translation Invariance and Monotonicity axioms with the Shift Invariance and Nonnegativity axioms, and it includes the Mean Absolute Deviation measure and other variations of the Value‐at‐Risk measurements. This research shows that Coherent Risk Measure holds an intrinsic contradiction regarding riskless assets, and it proves that the Gini coefficient is also a General Deviation Measure. These contributions improve the efficiency of risk measurement and asset pricing in the financial markets.
The union default: Effects and implications of regulated opting‐out
Authors: Harcourt Mark , Gall Gregor , Wilson Margaret 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA union default would automatically enrol workers in a union with bargaining coverage over their work. Though there would be a right to opt‐out, it would facilitate recruitment and retention of members, especially in sectors with small employers and high staff turnover. Research indicates it would receive majority support and, where available, induce most workers to membership of unions. This study looks at whether two potential features of a union default would influence the intention to remain a union member if defaulted or support for a union default. The first is a mandatory 30‐day waiting period until opt‐out is permitted. The second is a standardised, online process to facilitate opting out.
Managerial ability, CEO age and the moderating effect of firm characteristics
Authors: Desir Rosemond , Rakestraw Joseph , Seavey Scott , Wainberg James , Young George 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent surveys indicate that America's chief executive officers (CEOs) are getting older. While aging is often associated with greater experience, improved skill sets and higher job performance, prior research warns that aging can also lead to a significant decrease in cognitive function, energy, ambition and, consequently, the ability of CEOs to manage their firms. We examine this issue and find that older CEOs display significantly lower managerial ability as compared to younger CEOs. Exploring differences in firm factors, we further find that older CEOs exhibit significantly lower managerial ability when managing high‐technology firms and significantly higher managerial ability when managing more mature, highly regulated firms. Collectively, our study provides new evidence that while managerial ability decreases with age, firm characteristics significantly moderate this relationship.
The relationship between the COVID‐19 pandemic and children's emotional and behavioral problems
Authors: Özcan Meltem , Akça Kamile , Aydoğdu Fatih 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeThis research was conducted to determine the relationship of the COVID‐19 pandemic with the emotional and behavioral problems of children.MethodIn this study, carried out using the descriptive survey model, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used with 205 mothers.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the emotional and behavioral problems of children according to their mother's working status, having COVID‐19 in the family, and being in contact. According to mothers' perceptions, the level of emotional and behavioral problems differed before and after the pandemic.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the pandemic and related factors have an effect on children's emotional and behavioral problems.
Strategies of vascularization of the ethmoid labyrinth in selected even‐toed ungulates (Artiodactyla) and carnivores (Carnivora)
Authors: Zdun Maciej , Ruszkowski Jakub J. , Hetman Mateusz , Melnyk Oleksii O. , Frąckowiak Hieronim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe anatomy of the nasal cavity and its structures, as well as other elements building a scaffold for olfactory organs, differs significantly among various groups of mammals. Understanding anatomical conditions of quality of olfaction are being studied worldwide and is a complex problem. Among many studies regarding bone and epithelial structures of turbinates and connected anatomical structures, few studies describe the vascularization of turbinates. Ethmoid turbinates are above all covered in olfactory epithelium containing branched axons that receive olfactory stimuli and as olfactory nerves penetrate the cribriform lamina of the ethmoid bone conveying information from smell receptors to the brain. Differences in vascularization of the cribriform plate and turbinates may add crucial information complementing studies regarding the olfactory organ's bone and soft tissue structures. In the study, we describe the vascularization of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone of 54 Artiodactyla and Carnivora.
Topical niacinamide (Nicotinamide) treatment for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE): A prospective pilot study
Authors: Nouh Ahmed H. , Elshahid Ahmed R. , Kadah Ahmed S. , Zeyada Youssef A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous lupus erythematosus is an umbrella term for a group of autoimmune connective tissue disorders affecting the skin. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the chronic condition and most common form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.AimsCurrent therapies of DLE are challenging and not completely satisfactory, highly expensive, off‐label, or poorly available (like antimalarials due to COVID‐19 outbreaks). Nicotinamide, also called niacinamide, is a water‐soluble form of vitamin B3 (niacin). Its multiple effects let us think that nicotinamide could be a therapy for lupus‐associated skin lesions.MethodsWe performed a prospective randomized double‐blind clinical trial on 60 subjects diagnosed with Discoid lupus erythematosus using topical Nicotinamide 2% and 4% preparations in form of cream and gel on skin and scalp lesions. Control group was included using only cream/gel base as placebo control.ResultsObtained data showed that topical Nicotinamide can be used for the treatment of DLE as adjuvant to other treatment regimens with good cosmetic results and minimal side effects. Topical 4% Nicotinamide is superior to 2% preparation in response but associated with a higher incidence of irritation.ConclusionTopical Nicotinamide can be used for the treatment of DLE as an adjuvant to other treatment regimens with good cosmetic results and minimal side effects. Further trials with long‐term therapy, follow‐up period, and bigger sample sizes are required.
Liver phenotypes in PCOS: Analysis of exogenous and inherited risk factors for liver injury in two European cohorts
Authors: Smyk Wiktor , Papapostoli Ifigeneia , Żorniak Michał , Sklavounos Panagiotis , Blukacz Łukasz , Madej Paweł , Koutsou Andreani , Weber Susanne N. , Friesenhahn‐Ochs Bettina , Cebula Maciej , Bosowska Joanna , Solomayer Erich‐Franz , Hartleb Marek , Milkiewicz Piotr , Lammert Frank , Stokes Caroline S. , Krawczyk Marcin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsFatty liver disease (FLD) is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Here, we use non‐invasive tests to quantify liver injury in women with PCOS and analyse whether FLD‐associated genetic variants contribute to liver phenotypes in PCOS.MethodsProspectively, we recruited women with PCOS and controls at two university centres in Germany and Poland. Alcohol abuse was regarded as an exclusion criterion. Genotyping of variants associated with FLD was performed using TaqMan assays. Liver stiffness measurements (LSM), controlled attenuation parameters (CAP) and non‐invasive HSI, FLI, FIB‐4 scores were determined to assess hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.ResultsA total of 42 German (age range 18–53 years) and 143 Polish (age range 18–40 years) women with PCOS, as well as 245 German and 289 Polish controls were recruited. In contrast to Polish patients, Germans were older, presented with more severe metabolic profiles and had significantly higher LSM (median 5.9 kPa vs. 3.8 kPa). In the German cohort, carriers of the PNPLA3 p.I148M risk variant had an increased LSM (p = .01). In the Polish cohort, the minor MTARC1 allele was linked with significantly lower serum aminotransferases activities, whereas the HSD17B13 polymorphism was associated with lower concentrations of 17‐OH progesterone, total testosterone, and androstenedione (all p < .05).ConclusionsFLD is common in women with PCOS. Its extent is modulated by both genetic and metabolic risk factors. Genotyping of variants associated with FLD might help to stratify the risk of liver disease progression in women suffering from PCOS.
Can philosophy be an academic discipline?
Authors: Kaeslin Isabel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRichard Rorty notoriously maintained that philosophy is not an academic discipline. He thought that the only viable candidate for philosophy to be an academic discipline—where philosophy consists in a collection of permanent, pure topics—depends on a Cartesian conceptual framework. Once we overcome this framework, he maintained, there will be nothing left to be the distinct subject matter of philosophy. This article argues that there is a conception of philosophy that can be an academic discipline, even if we take Rorty's challenge seriously. It remains even if we overcome the Cartesian conceptual framework. In the end the article goes beyond Rorty's challenge and considers two further criteria for philosophy to be an academic discipline: that it have a distinct method, and that it be able to be done for the public good. The article argues that philosophy can fulfill these two criteria, and therefore that it can be an academic discipline.
Ethylene‐responsive SbWRKY50 suppresses leaf senescence by inhibition of chlorophyll degradation in sorghum
Authors: Chen Wei , Zheng Yuchen , Wang Jingyi , Wang Zijing , Yang Zhen , Chi Xiaoyu , Dai Lingyan , Lu Guihua , Yang Yonghua , Sun Bo 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The onset of leaf de‐greening and senescence is governed by a complex regulatory network including environmental cues and internal factors such as transcription factors (TFs) and phytohormones, in which ethylene (ET) is one key inducer. However, the detailed mechanism of ET signalling for senescence regulation is still largely unknown.
Here, we found that the WRKY TF SbWRKY50 from Sorghum bicolor L., a direct target of the key component ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 in ET signalling, functioned for leaf senescence repression. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein9‐edited SbWRKY50 mutant (SbWRKY5O‐KO) of sorghum displayed precocious senescent phenotypes, while SbWRKY50 overexpression delayed age‐dependent and dark‐induced senescence in sorghum.
SbWRKY50 negatively regulated chlorophyll degradation through direct binding to the promoters of several chlorophyll catabolic genes. In addition, SbWRKY50 recruited the Polycomb repressive complex 1 through direct interaction with SbBMI1A, to induce histone 2A mono‐ubiquitination accumulation on the chlorophyll catabolic genes for epigenetic silencing and thus delayed leaf senescence. Especially, SbWRKY50 can suppress early steps of chlorophyll catabolic pathway via directly repressing SbNYC1 (NON‐YELLOW COLORING 1). Other senescence‐related hormones could also influence leaf senescence through repression of SbWRKY50.
Hence, our work shows that SbWRKY50 is an essential regulator downstream of ET and SbWRKY50 also responds to other phytohormones for senescence regulation in sorghum.
The saponin bomb: a nucleolar‐localized β‐glucosidase hydrolyzes triterpene saponins in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Lacchini Elia , Erffelinck Marie‐Laure , Mertens Jan , Marcou Shirley , Molina‐Hidalgo Francisco Javier , Tzfadia Oren , Venegas‐Molina Jhon , Cárdenas Pablo D. , Pollier Jacob , Tava Aldo , Bak Søren , Höfte Monica , Goossens Alain 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Plants often protect themselves from their own bioactive defense metabolites by storing them in less active forms. Consequently, plants also need systems allowing correct spatiotemporal reactivation of such metabolites, for instance under pathogen or herbivore attack.
Via co‐expression analysis with public transcriptomes, we determined that the model legume Medicago truncatula has evolved a two‐component system composed of a β‐glucosidase, denominated G1, and triterpene saponins, which are physically separated from each other in intact cells.
G1 expression is root‐specific, stress‐inducible, and coregulated with that of the genes encoding the triterpene saponin biosynthetic enzymes. However, the G1 protein is stored in the nucleolus and is released and united with its typically vacuolar‐stored substrates only upon tissue damage, partly mediated by the surfactant action of the saponins themselves. Subsequently, enzymatic removal of carbohydrate groups from the saponins creates a pool of metabolites with an increased broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity.
The evolution of this defense system benefited from both the intrinsic condensation abilities of the enzyme and the bioactivity properties of its substrates. We dub this two‐component system the saponin bomb, in analogy with the mustard oil and cyanide bombs, commonly used to describe the renowned β‐glucosidase‐dependent defense systems for glucosinolates and cyanogenic glucosides.
StomaAI: an efficient and user‐friendly tool for measurement of stomatal pores and density using deep computer vision
Authors: Sai Na , Bockman James Paul , Chen Hao , Watson‐Haigh Nathan , Xu Bo , Feng Xueying , Piechatzek Adriane , Shen Chunhua , Gilliham Matthew 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Using microscopy to investigate stomatal behaviour is common in plant physiology research. Manual inspection and measurement of stomatal pore features is low throughput, relies upon expert knowledge to record stomatal features accurately, requires significant researcher time and investment, and can represent a significant bottleneck to research pipelines.

To alleviate this, we introduce StomaAI (SAI): a reliable, user‐friendly and adaptable tool for stomatal pore and density measurements via the application of deep computer vision, which has been initially calibrated and deployed for the model plant Arabidopsis (dicot) and the crop plant barley (monocot grass).

SAI is capable of producing measurements consistent with human experts and successfully reproduced conclusions of published datasets.

SAI boosts the number of images that can be evaluated in a fraction of the time, so can obtain a more accurate representation of stomatal traits than is routine through manual measurement. An online demonstration of SAI is hosted at https://sai.aiml.team, and the full local application is publicly available for free on GitHub through https://github.com/xdynames/sai‐app.