bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of adverse drug reaction reports in South Africa: An analysis of VigiBase® for the year 2017
Authors: Steyn H 
Published: June 2023

Background. The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) monitors the safety of health products by collecting and evaluating adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports submitted by healthcare professionals, patients and pharmaceutical companies. The reports are shared with the World Health Organization (WHO) Programme for International Drug Monitoring. A demographic and clinical profile of ADR reports will improve our understanding of ADR reporting in South Africa to enhance training of reporters at all levels.
Objectives. This study describes the demographic and clinical profile of spontaneous ADR reports received by the SAHPRA during the year 2017.
Methods. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted to describe all ADR reports submitted by South Africa to VigiBase®, the WHO global database of Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs), during 2017. The demographic profile included patient characteristics (age and sex), type of reporter and the vigiGrade™ completeness score for each ICSR. The clinical profile included characteristics of the case, medicine(s) and reaction(s).
Results. A total of 8 438 reports with a mean completeness score of 0.456 (SD = 0.221) were assessed. Females and males represented 61.96% and 33.05% of cases, respectively (if sex was reported). All age groups were represented; however, 76.28% involved adults (aged 19-64 years). Physicians submitted the most reports (39.66%). Consumers were the reporters in 29.39% of cases. Pharmacists submitted only 4.45% of the reports. Anti-infective medicines were the most reported Anatomical Therapeutic Class (20.08%), while Human Immunodeficiency Virus was the top indication reported (10.27%). The highest number of MedDRA preferred terms used to describe reactions belonged to the System Organ Class, general disorder and administration site conditions. In 55.87% of the reports, the cases were reported as serious and 12.47% fatal. Death was the most reported MedDRA preferred term used to describe a reaction (5.17%).
Conclusions. This was the first study that described ADR reports received by SAHPRA and improves our understanding of reporting in the country. The core clinical elements that are important in signal detection were often not included in reports. The findings demonstrated that patients were more active contributors to the national pharmacovigilance database than pharmacists. Reporters should be trained in pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting processes to increase the quantity and completeness of reports.
Ivermectin drug induced liver injury
Authors: Sonderup Mark , Mudini Washington , Spearman Wendy 
Published: June 2023

Ivermectin remains a popular, albeit unproven, therapy used in both the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. We discuss a patient who developed jaundice and a liver injury 3 weeks after initiating ivermectin for COVID prevention. Liver histology demonstrated a pattern of injury that was both portal and lobular, with a bile ductulitis as well with marked cholesasis. She was managed with low dose corticosteroids, later tapered and withdrawn. She remains well a year after presenting.
Effects of Integrated Use of Organic Manure and Bio-fertilisers on Crop Productivity: A Case Study of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Crop
Authors: Singh Amit , Singh N. K. , Sushma H. A. , Jayhoon Ali Sina , Ravinder  , Raghavan Megha , Pandey Astha , Singh Kundan Veer 
Published: June 2023

The present study conducted entitled, “Effect of Integrated use Organic manure and Bio-fertilizers on crop productivity under Rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop". Involved field trial conducted during Kharif season of year 2016-17 followed by laboratory analysis of the plant and soil samples in the Department of Soil science & Agriculture Chemistry, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi (U. P). All grasses were removed from the experimental plots and soil samples have been taken from each replication plots at 30 DAT, 60 DAT and at harvesting. The experiment was conducted under randomized block design (RBD) with six treatment combinations. Treatments were replicated thrice making the total number of 18 plots. The effect of various treatments on dry matter production could be arranged in order of T6>T3>T5>T4>T2>T1 and the values were 70.25, 62.15, 59.45, 43.40, 41.25 and 35.59 gm-1 row length, respectively. Application of fertilizers alone or in combination with F.Y.M increased grain and straw yield of rice significantly over control. Further, the yield was significantly superior under the use of organic manure and bio-fertilizers over the sole use of chemical fertilizers. On the basis of data, the superiority of the treatments may be arranged as T6>T3>T5>T4>T2 and T1. Like dry matter yield, rice grain and straw yield was also highest in treatment where 50% NPK was substituted through FYM to rice crop. The integrated use of fertilizers with FYM and bio-fertilizers might have added huge quantity of organic matter in soil that increased grain and straw yield. In general, higher number of tillers (15.25 m-1 row length), plant height (92.50 cm), dry matter at 60 DAT (70.25 gm-1 row length), grain yield (46.25 Qha-1 ) and straw yield (91.25 Qha-1 ) obtained with T6 treatment followed by T3>T5>T4>T2>T1 (control).
3D Reconstruction of Sawtooth 180° Tail‐to‐Tail Domain Walls in Single Crystal BiFeO3
Authors: Ge Wanbing , Beanland Richard , Alexe Marin , Sanchez Ana M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious studies of single crystal BiFeO3 have found a dense domain structure with alternating sawtooth and flat domain walls (DWs). The nature of these domains and their 3D structure has remained elusive to date. Herein, several sections taken at different orientations are used to examine the structure in detail, concentrating here on the sawtooth DWs using diffraction contrast transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). All DWs are found to be 180° type; the flat walls have head‐to‐head polarity while the sawtooth DWs are tail‐to‐tail with peaks elongated along the polar [111] axis, formed by neutral () DW facets and slightly charged facets with orientations close to () and (). The neutral DW facets are Ising type and very abrupt, while the charged DW facets have mixed Néel/Bloch/Ising character with a chiral nature and a width of about 2 nm.
Thiophenbasierte Polymergerüste ermöglichen zweidimensionale Poly(arylenvinylen)e mit hoher Ladungsträgermobilität
Authors: Liu Yamei , Zhang Heng , Yu Hongde , Liao Zhongquan , Paasch Silvia , Xu Shunqi , Zhao Ruyan , Brunner Eike , Bonn Mischa , Wang Hai I. , Heine Thomas , Wang Mingchao , Mai Yiyong , Feng Xinliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLineare konjugierte Polymere haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten große Aufmerksamkeit in der organischen Elektronik erhalten. Trotz der π‐Delokalisierung innerhalb der Polymerkette stellen Interketten‐Ladungsträgersprünge ihr hauptsächliches Transportproblem dar. Im Gegensatz dazu können zweidimensionale (2D) konjugierte Polymere, wie z. B. 2D π‐konjugierte Covalent Organic Frameworks (2D c‐COFs), mehrere konjugierte Stränge für eine verbesserte Delokalisierung von Ladungsträgern im Raum bereitstellen. Hierin zeigen wir das erste Beispiel von thiophenbasierten 2D‐Poly(arylenvinylen)en (PAVs, 2DPAV‐BDT‐BT und 2DPAV‐BDT‐BP, BDT=Benzodithiophen, BT=Bithiophen, BP=Biphenyl) synthetisiert über Knoevenagel‐Polykondensation. Im Vergleich zu 2DPAV‐BDT‐BP weist das vollständig thiophenbasierte 2DPAV‐BDT‐BT eine erhöhte Planarität und π‐Delokalisierung mit einer niedrigen elektronischen Bandlücke (1.62 eV) und einer hohen elektronischen Banddispersion auf, wie die optische Absorption und Dichtefunktionaltheorie Berechnungen zeigen. Bemerkenswerterweise offenbart die temperaturabhängige Terahertz‐Spektroskopie‐Messung einen einzigartigen bandartigen Transport und eine herausragende Raumtemperatur‐Ladungsbeweglichkeit für 2DPAV‐BDT‐BT (65 cm2 V−1 s−1), die die der linearen PAVs, 2DPAV‐BDT‐BP und der publizierten 2D c‐COFs in Pulverform weit übertrifft. Diese Arbeit unterstreicht das große Potenzial von thiophenbasierten 2D‐PAVs als Kandidaten für Hochleistungs‐Optoelektronik.
Asymmetric warming rates between warm and cold weather regimes in Europe
Authors: Rantanen Mika , Lee Simon H. , Aalto Juha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Europe, the increase in temperatures caused by climate change has been particularly fast in the cold season. Although the magnitude of this change is relatively well known, less research has been done on how the increase of temperatures is manifested in different large‐scale weather types, called weather regimes. For example, one could expect that the weather patterns in which air is flowing from the rapidly‐warming Arctic would have warmed faster than other weather patterns in recent decades. Here we show that such an asymmetric warming actually occurs in the four Euro‐Atlantic weather regimes. In northern Europe, the weather regime which is typically associated with cold airmasses from the Arctic (NAO–) has warmed about 25% faster than the cold‐season days on average, and about 60% faster than the regime where the air flows from the North Atlantic (NAO+). Consequently, the weather regime that on average brings the coldest weather is warming the fastest in a large part of northern Europe. In contrast, the weather regime that typically brings the warmest weather has warmed the slowest, especially in the continental Europe. Our results provide a new perspective on the reported decrease of sub‐seasonal temperature variability.
Aggregation Behavior of Cyclodextrin‐Based [3]Rotaxanes
Authors: Akae Yosuke , Theato Patrick 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aggregation of a cyclodextrin (CD)‐based [3]rotaxane has been observed and analyzed in detail for the first time in this work. Although the hexagonal packing aggregation of CD‐based polyrotaxane is a well known phenomenon, corresponding studies in terms of rotaxanes without any polymer structure have not been conducted so far, probably owing to the difficulty of the molecular design. We synthesized a series of [3]rotaxane species by using a urea‐end‐capping method and evaluated their aggregation behavior by XRD and SEM measurements. [3]Rotaxane species containing native CD rings showed clear signals assigned to the hexagonal packing by XRD measurement as did polyrotaxane; this proved their aggregation capability. Because the corresponding per‐acetylated derivatives did not show this aggregation behavior, the driving force of this aggregation was suggested to be hydrogen bond formation among CD units. The effect of axle end structures and partial acetylation of CDs were also studied.
An intelligent hybrid prairie dog optimization algorithm‐based stable cluster reliable routing scheme for VANETs
Authors: Nithyanandam Gopinath , Ambiyaram Chinnasamy , Prabathkumar Selvakumari 
Published: June 2023

SummaryVehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is most significant for supporting intelligent transportation system (ITS)‐based technologies, but it gets hurdled by sparse distribution of vehicles on highways, and dynamically challenging topology that arises due to increase in traffic. Hence, energy stable and optimized cluster construction maximizes the network lifetime. In this paper, Hybrid Prairie Dogs and Beluga Whale Optimization‐based Node Clustering (HPDBWOA‐NC) mechanism is proposed with the parameters of highway route, node velocity, number of vehicular nodes, and communication for achieving stable cluster construction in VANETs. It is proposed with the balanced exploration and exploitation potential of Prairie Dog Optimization Algorithm (PDOA) and Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm (BWOA) for establishing optimal clusters that increase the network stability during the routing process. It integrated the exploration and exploitation capabilities of PDOA and BWOA and confirmed better optimized clusters which confirmed reliable data delivery by preventing the issue of premature convergence. It constructed clusters and selected cluster heads (CHs) depending on the fitness factors of energy, interdistance between vehicles, communication range, and vehicular density. The results of the proposed HPDBWOA‐NC generated optimal number of CHs in the network which is comparatively 34.21% better than the benchmarked mechanisms. The mean throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR) achieved by the proposed HPDBWOA‐NC are identified to be significantly improved by 25.48% and 28.91% better than the investigated metaheuristic clustering protocols. The statistical study also guaranteed an increased factor of 81, during the processing of optimizing the clusters during the employment of ITS applications in VANETs.
Microbial dynamics with the introduction of brewery waste in a long‐term chain elongation process for caproate production
Authors: Yang Peixian , Li Xin , Leng Ling 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe long‐term cultivation of sewage sludge in a chain elongation process was performed, and brewery wastewater (BW) was gradually introduced as ethanol source for medium‐chain carboxylate (MCC) production.RESULTSThe results showed that the introduction of BW promoted ethanol utilization and electron recovery efficiency of the system. The improvement was mainly due to the readily available organics, such as yeast cells and leftover grain biomass, supplied along with BW as feedstock. In addition, the microbes introduced from BW and long‐term cultivation facilitated the enrichment of MCC‐forming microbes and the enhancement of microbial diversity. Microbial analysis revealed that the supply of BW was correlated with acetate‐ and butyrate‐forming Proteiniclasticum, ethanol‐oxidating Desulfovibrio, as well as biofilm‐forming Pseudomonas, which are beneficial to the chain elongation reactions. Further metabolic pathway analysis suggested that, other than reverse β‐oxidation, fatty acid biosynthesis was identified as the primary pathway for MCC formation in this system. Also, the introduction of BW promoted the chain elongation process by stimulating the rate‐limiting steps involved in the conversion of ethanol to acetyl‐CoA and the circular fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, thereby enhancing MCC formation.CONCLUSIONGenerally, the enhancement of MCC production with BW was attributed to the microbes and organics leftover introduced from BW. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Construction and validation of risk model of EMT‐related prognostic genes for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Li Li , Yuan Shao‐Fei , Lin Qiu‐Yan , Chen Guang‐Ming , Zhang Wu , Zheng Wei‐E , Lin Hua Long 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundKidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a prevalent type of urological malignancy. The present study aimed to predict biomarkers for KIRC.MethodsWe collected transcriptomic and clinical information for KIRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE22541 cohorts.ResultsUnsupervised clustering of 35 epithelial–mesenchymal transformation (EMT)‐related differentially expressed gene profiles divided samples into two clusters with distinct immune characteristics. Six genes (IL20RB, DDC, ANKRD36BP2, F2RL1, TEK, and AMN) were found to construct a prognostic risk model using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier analysis suggested the better prognosis of the KIRC patients in the low‐risk group than that in the high‐risk group. Immune infiltration analyses was conducted using xCell and single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis, indicating that the risk score was associated with the immune microenvironment of the KIRC. Prognostic marker gene‐targeted medications with high drug sensitivity were predicted in KIRC patients.ConclusionsIn summary, the present study identified IL20RB, DDC, ANKRD36BP2, F2RL1, TEK, and AMN as prognostic biomarkers, providing insight into immunotherapy and gene‐targeted drugs of KIRC.
Modifiable physical and behavioural factors associated with widespread pain in older adults with radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Aydemir Burcu , Muhammad Lutfiyya N. , Song Jing , Chang Alison H. , Dunlop Dorothy D. , Chang Rowland W. , Lee Yvonne C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify modifiable physical and behavioural factors associated with widespread pain (WSP) in older adults with radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsCross‐sectional initial visit data of participants with radiographic knee OA (Kellgren‐Lawrence grade of ≥2) from the Osteoarthritis Initiative Study were analysed. WSP was defined as pain on both sides of the body, above and below the waist, and in the axial skeleton. Time (hrs/d) spent participating in sitting and moderate‐strenuous physical activities were calculated from the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly questionnaire. Physical function was quantified using gait speed and the chair stand test. Restless sleep was assessed using an item on the CES‐D Scale. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine the strength of the associations between primary exposures and WSP in unadjusted and adjusted analyses.ResultsAmong the 2637 participants (mean age 62.6 years, 58.6% female), 16.8% met the criteria for WSP. All primary measures of interest were related to WSP in unadjusted analyses. In adjusted multivariable analysis, slow gait speed (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.43; 95% CI 1.01, 2.02), lower chair stand rate (aOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97–0.99), and restless sleep (aOR 1.61; 95% CI 1.25–2.08) maintained significant associations with WSP.ConclusionPoor sleep behaviours and low physical function capacity are associated with WSP in adults with radiographic knee OA. These findings highlight the importance of assessing sleep, physical function, and pain distribution in this population. Interventions to improve physical function and sleep behaviours should be investigated as potential strategies to mitigate WSP.
A comparison of tunnel geometry between the Formosan subterranean termite and the Asian subterranean termite (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Su Nan‐Yao , Lee Sang‐Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDStake surveys and in‐ground monitoring stations have been widely used to study field populations of many subterranean termite species, but thus far they have never been intercepted by the invasive Asian subterranean termite, Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann), in southeastern Florida. To investigate the reasons for the inability of C. gestroi to intercept these in‐ground monitoring devices, we compared its tunnel geometry with that of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Two‐year‐old incipient colonies of both species confined in simulated structural infestations were connected to planar arenas containing four wooden discs.RESULTSCoptotermes formosanus colonies constructed more abundant and more complex tunnel networks and intercepted more wooden discs than C. gestroi. C. formosanus propagated shorter primary tunnels and longer secondary tunnels with more branching frequency than C. gestroi, and probably adopted an area searching strategy to search for food in an area before moving on to other areas. In comparison, C. gestroi used a distance searching strategy by constructing linear and long primary tunnels to search for food at distance.CONCLUSIONSBecause tunnels of C. gestroi were less abundant and they tend to travel straight for some distance, they may have bypassed survey stakes or in‐ground monitoring stations that are sparsely distributed in soil. The tunnel geometry of C. gestroi may explain why none of these in‐ground monitoring devices has been intercepted by this species in southeastern Florida. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding impacts of a ransomware on medical and health facilities by utilizing LockBit as a case study
Authors: Rauf Ali Khan Mohammed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAll forms of data are meant to be secured. The emergence of a variety of techniques and tactics utilized by malware authors has made recovery difficult. LockBit ransomware has been in the news and the APT behind deployment of this ransomware virus has compromised several organizations. It is important to understand the behavior of such malware, to identify the anti‐analysis stuff it performs and to block it. The APT involved compromised several health and medical facilities including AIIMS in India and Sick Kids Hospital in Canada. Ransomwares are highly impactful family of malware. Impacts may begin from confidential medical information being harvested over a C2 and can go up to rendering medical equipment useless. This article discusses compromised entities and defending strategies that can be used to block LockBit ransomware using any generic SIEM tool. It also explains the need for tools that can survive ransomware encryption, a restart command‐line and can detect the behavioral patterns of such malware. Several samples were collected from various sources; the identities of compromise were collected from strings and behavior of those samples. Several detection mechanisms including YARA, SNORT, and generic HUNT rules have also been discussed.
Expression level of SOR1 is a bottleneck for efficient sorbitol utilization by yeast Komagataella kurtzmanii
Authors: Akentyev Philipp , Sokolova Daria , Korzhenkov Aleksei , Gubaidullin Irek , Kozlov Dmitry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe yeast strain Komagataella kurtzmanii VKPM Y‐727 shows a significant defect in sorbitol utilization compared to closely related yeast K. phaffii (including strains formerly identified as Pichia pastoris). Our aim was to investigate the factors that determine the phenotype of the wild‐type strain and to obtain a K. kurtzmanii strain with an improved ability to utilize sorbitol. We sequenced and annotated the genome of K. kurtzmanii VKPM Y‐727 and compared it with that of K. phaffii GS115. Five K. phaffii GS115 genes that might be involved in sorbitol metabolism were selected and transferred into K. kurtzmanii Y‐727. The transfer of the modified SOR1 gene resulted in an increased growth rate of K. kurtzmanii in sorbitol, despite the fact that Y‐727 already contains its own SOR1 gene without any apparent mutations. The enzymes encoded by the SOR1 genes were analyzed in vitro and found to have similar properties. Differences in promoter activity were assessed using lacZ as a reporter gene, and the PSDH727 (promoter of SOR1 (SDH727) from K. kurtzmanii Y‐727) promoter was shown to be 1.5–2.0 times weaker than PSDH115 (promoter of SOR1 (SDH115) from K. phaffii GS115). Moreover, both promoters were less active in K. kurtzmanii than in K. phaffii when evaluated in cells grown in synthetic complete media with glucose or sorbitol. Thus, SOR1 gene expression was identified as a bottleneck in sorbitol metabolism in K. kurtzmanii. Also, the positive effect of additional modified SOR1 gene copies was observed in both yeasts, as K. kurtzmanii and K. phaffii could grow on synthetic complete media with sorbitol three times faster than the original K. phaffii GS115 strain.