bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaping Dose, Device Type, and E-Liquid Flavor are Determinants of DNA Damage in Electronic Cigarette Users
Authors: Tommasi Stella , Blumenfeld Hannah , Besaratinia Ahmad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the widespread use of electronic cigarettes, the long-term health consequences of vaping are largely unknown.

Aims and Methods
We investigated the DNA-damaging effects of vaping as compared to smoking in healthy adults, including “exclusive” vapers (never smokers), cigarette smokers only, and nonusers, matched for age, gender, and race (N = 72). Following biochemical verification of vaping or smoking status, we quantified DNA damage in oral epithelial cells of our study subjects, using a long-amplicon quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay.

Results
We detected significantly increased levels of DNA damage in both vapers and smokers as compared to nonusers (p = .005 and p = .020, respectively). While the mean levels of DNA damage did not differ significantly between vapers and smokers (p = .522), damage levels increased dose-dependently, from light users to heavy users, in both vapers and smokers as compared to nonusers. Among vapers, pod users followed by mod users, and those who used sweet-, mint or menthol-, and fruit-flavored e-liquids, respectively, showed the highest levels of DNA damage. The nicotine content of e-liquid was not a predictor of DNA damage in vapers.

Conclusions
This is the first demonstration of a dose-dependent formation of DNA damage in vapers who had never smoked cigarettes. Our data support a role for product characteristics, specifically device type and e-liquid flavor, in the induction of DNA damage in vapers. Given the popularity of pod and mod devices and the preferability of sweet-, mint or menthol-, and fruit-flavored e-liquids by both adult- and youth vapers, our findings can have significant implications for public health and tobacco products regulation.

Implications
We demonstrate a dose-dependent formation of DNA damage in oral cells from vapers who had never smoked tobacco cigarettes as well as exclusive cigarette smokers. Device type and e-liquid flavor determine the extent of DNA damage detected in vapers. Users of pod devices followed by mod users, and those who use sweet-, mint or menthol-, and fruit-flavored e-liquids, respectively, show the highest levels of DNA damage when compared to nonusers. Given the popularity of pod and mod devices and the preferability of these same flavors of e-liquid by both adult- and youth vapers, our findings can have significant implications for public health and tobacco products regulation.
Malaria Control by Mass Drug Administration With Artemisinin Plus Piperaquine on Grande Comore Island, Union of Comoros
Authors: Deng Changsheng , Wu Wanting , Yuan Yueming , Li Guoming , Zhang Hongying , Zheng Shaoqin , Li Mingqiang , Tan Ruixiang , Wang Yuxin , Nadia Julie , Feng Danhong , Li Di , Wu Zhibing , Xu Qin , Li Changqing , Wang Zhenhua , Liang Yuan , Doehl Johannes S P , Su Xinzhuan , Bacar Affane , Said Abdallah Kamal , Mohamed Hafidhou , Msa Mliva Ahamada , Wellems Thomas E , Song Jianping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMass drug administration (MDA) is a powerful tool for malaria control, but the medicines to use, dosing, number of rounds, and potential selection of drug resistance remain open questions.MethodsTwo monthly rounds of artemisinin-piperaquine (AP), each comprising 2 daily doses, were administered across the 7 districts of Grande Comore Island. In 3 districts, low-dose primaquine (PMQLD) was also given on the first day of each monthly round. Plasmodium falciparum malaria rates, mortality, parasitemias, adverse events, and genetic markers of potential drug resistance were evaluated.ResultsAverage population coverages of 80%–82% were achieved with AP in 4 districts (registered population 258 986) and AP + PMQLD in 3 districts (83 696). The effectiveness of MDA was 96.27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.27%–97.06%; P &lt; .00001) in the 4 AP districts and 97.46% (95% CI, 94.54%–98.82%; P &lt; .00001) in the 3 AP + PMQLD districts. In comparative statistical modeling, the effectiveness of the 2 monthly rounds on Grande Comore Island was nearly as high as that of 3 monthly rounds of AP or AP + PMQLD in our earlier study on Anjouan Island. Surveys of pre-MDA and post-MDA samples showed no significant changes in PfK13 polymorphism rates, and no PfCRT mutations previously linked to piperaquine resistance in Southeast Asia were identified.ConclusionsMDA with 2 monthly rounds of 2 daily doses of AP was highly effective on Grande Comore Island. The feasibility and lower expense of this 2-month versus 3-month regimen of AP may offer advantages for MDA programs in appropriate settings.
Transplantid.net: A Pilot Crowdsourced, Living, Online Library of Resources for the Teaching and Practice of Transplant Infectious Diseases
Authors: Puius Yoram A , Azar Marwan M , Tsai Helen , Vergidis Paschalis , Harris Courtney E , Anjan Shweta , Barros Nicolas , Belga Sara , Chuang Sally T , Czeresnia Jonathan M , Goel Shipra , Ince Dilek , Luk Alfred , Majeed Aneela , Multani Ashrit , Obeid Karam M , Swaminathan Neeraja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe field of transplant infectious diseases is rapidly evolving, presenting a challenge for clinical practice and trainee education. Here we describe the construction of transplantid.net, a free online library, crowdsourced and continuously updated for the dual purpose of point-of-care evidence-based management and teaching.
Limits of Arbitrage and Primary Risk-Taking in Derivative Securities
Authors: Tian Meng , Wu Liuren 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Classic option pricing theory values a derivative contract via dynamic delta hedging and treating the contract as redundant relative to the underlying security. Dynamic delta hedging proves highly effective in practice, but the remaining risk is still large because of the practical limits of arbitrage. Derivatives can play primary roles in risk allocation. This paper quantifies the percentage variance reduction of delta hedging on U.S. stock options, proposes a top-down return attribution framework to identify the remaining risk sources of the delta-hedged option investment, and constructs a statistical return factor model to explain the variations of the delta-hedged option returns. (JEL C13, C51, G12, G13)
Interregional phase-amplitude coupling between theta rhythm in the nucleus tractus solitarius and high-frequency oscillations in the hippocampus during REM sleep in rats
Authors: Atiwiwat Danita , Aquilino Mark , Devinsky Orrin , Bardakjian Berj L , Carlen Peter L 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCross-frequency coupling (CFC) between theta and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) is predominant during active wakefulness, REM sleep and behavioral and learning tasks in rodent hippocampus. Evidence suggests that these state-dependent CFCs are linked to spatial navigation and memory consolidation processes. CFC studies currently include only the cortical and subcortical structures. To our knowledge, the study of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)-cortical structure CFC is still lacking. Here we investigate CFC in simultaneous local field potential recordings from hippocampal CA1 and the NTS during behavioral states in freely moving rats. We found a significant increase in theta (6–8 Hz)-HFO (120–160 Hz) coupling both within the hippocampus and between NTS theta and hippocampal HFOs during REM sleep. Also, the hippocampal HFOs were modulated by different but consistent phases of hippocampal and NTS theta oscillations. These findings support the idea that phase-amplitude coupling is both state- and frequency-specific and CFC analysis may serve as a tool to help understand the selective functions of neuronal network interactions in state-dependent information processing. Importantly, the increased NTS theta-hippocampal HFO coupling during REM sleep may represent the functional connectivity between these two structures which reflects the function of the hippocampus in visceral learning with the sensory information provided by the NTS. This gives a possible insight into an association between the sensory activity and REM-sleep dependent memory consolidation.
Exosomes derived from human adipose‐derived stem cells alleviate hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury through the miR‐183/ALOX5 axis
Authors: Gong Yi , Dai Haisu , Liu Wei , Liao Rui , Chen Hailei , Zhang Leida , Wang Xiaojun , Chen Zhiyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIschemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a crucial factor causing liver injury in the clinic. Recent research has confirmed that human adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into functional hepatocytes. However, the mechanism of the effects of ADSCs in the treatment of liver injury remains unclear. The characteristics of ADSCs were first identified, and exosome‐derived ADSCs were isolated and characterized. The function and mechanism of action of miR‐183 and arachidonate 5‐lipoxygenase (ALOX5) were investigated by functional experiments in HL‐7702 cells with I/R injury and in I/R rats. Our data disclosed that exosome release from ADSCs induced proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in HL‐7702 cells with I/R injury. The effect of miR‐183 was similar to that of exosomes derived from ADSCs. In addition, ALOX5, as a target gene of miR‐183, was involved in the related functions of miR‐183. Moreover, in vivo experiments confirmed that miR‐183 and exosomes from ADSCs could improve liver injury in rats and inhibit the MAPK and NF‐κB pathways. All of these findings demonstrate that exosomes derived from ADSCs have a significant protective effect on hepatic I/R injury by regulating the miR‐183/ALOX5 axis, which might provide a therapeutic strategy for liver injury.
The role of chemerin in the regulation of cGAS‐STING pathway in gestational diabetes mellitus placenta
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Zhang Huiting , Jiang Yi , Wei Lijie , Chen Yuting , Zhang Jingyi , Gao Peng , Zhu Shenglan , Fang Chenyun , Du Yuanyuan , Su Rui , He Mengzhou , Yu Jun , Wang Shaoshuai , Ding Wencheng , Feng Ling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent studies already confirmed that placenta mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the progression of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Besides, a possible relationship between adipokine chemerin and disulfide‐bond A oxidoreductase‐like protein (DsbA‐L) had been revealed, whereas the potential interaction remains unclear. In addition, very little is still known about the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway and its mechanisms of action in the context of GDM. The present study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of cGAS‐STING pathway and its regulatory relationship with chemerin in GDM. A total of 50 participants, including 25 cases of GDM patients and 25 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, were enrolled, and their placenta tissues at term labor were collected. Besides, an insulin resistance cell model was established on the human trophoblastic cell line to explore the molecular mechanism of chemerin on cGAS‐STING pathway. Results showed that there were mitochondrial pathological changes in GDM placenta, accompanied by the decreased expression of DsbA‐L, increased level of chemerin, and the activation of cGAS‐STING pathway. In the insulin resistant cell model, overexpression of chemerin upregulated protein expression of DsbA‐L, and recombinant chemerin presented time‐dependent inhibition on the cGAS‐STING pathway, but this effect was not dependent on DsbA‐L. In conclusion, elevated chemerin is probably a protective mechanism, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy for GDM.
Netrin‐1 attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by limiting mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ levels via activation of AKT phosphorylation and mitochondrial m‐AAA protease AFG3L2
Authors: Yang Xiaosheng , Liu Yang , Zhong Weijie , Li Yi , Zhang Wenchuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury as the consequence of revascularization after ischemic stroke is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuron loss. In this study, we used a deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model to determine whether interactions between Netrin‐1, AKT, and the mitochondrial AAA protease AFG3L2 could influence mitochondrial function in neurons after I/R. We found that Netrin‐1 protects primary cortical neurons from OGD/R‐induced cell death and regulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ levels. The accumulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) subunits was monitored in cells by immunoblot analysis. Although the regulatory subunits MICU1 and MICU2 were relatively unaffected, the accumulation of the essential MCU regulator (EMRE) subunit was impaired. In OGD/R‐induced cells, the 7 kDa form of EMRE was significantly reduced. Netrin‐1 inhibited the accumulation of EMRE and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels by upregulating AFG3L2 and AKT activation. Loss of AFG3L2 or inhibition of AKT increased levels of 7 kDa EMRE. Moreover, overexpression of AKT increased the expression of AFG3L2 in Netrin‐1‐knockdown neurons after OGD/R. Our results demonstrate that Netrin‐1 enhanced AFG3L2 protein expression via activation of AKT. We also observed that overexpression of Netrin‐1 significantly reduced infarction size in an I/R‐induced brain injury model in rats but not when AKT was inhibited. Our data suggest that AFG3L2 is a protein substrate of AKT and indicate that Netrin‐1 attenuates cerebral I/R injury by limiting mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ levels through activating AKT phosphorylation and AFG3L2.
Test Analysis Through the Lens of Objective Compassion
Authors: Nelan Philip , Prepetit Jessica 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT:
Test construction and test reviews are responsibilities nursing faculty arduously undertake, with an obligation to give appropriate effort and time to prepare and review exams. During test review, item analysis and statistical analysis offer valuable empirical information about the exam. However, objective compassion is also needed and can be demonstrated through careful test question construction and item analysis. Furthermore, compassion is needed in preparing students for the Next Generation NCLEX-RN (NGN) and constructing exams that appropriately test students' clinical judgment.
A Case Report: False-Negative HIV Antibody Test in a Patient Presenting With an Unusual Case of Cytomegalovirus Oropharyngeal Ulcerations
Authors: Kandiwo Nyakulira , Hapunda Racheal , Chanda Chitalu , Shams Madeeha , Toeque Mona-Gekanju , Riedel David J. , Mumbi Willard , Mulenga Lloyd , Claassen Cassidy W. , Fwoloshi Sombo , Hachaambwa Lottie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) oropharyngeal ulcerations are rare diagnoses that usually only occur in immunocompromised individuals. False-negative third-generation HIV tests in a patient with AIDS are also exceedingly rare and, when they occur, underscore the complex host and viral relationships involved in HIV disease mediation.

Case Presentation
We present a case of CMV oropharyngeal ulcerations in a patient diagnosed with advanced AIDS with a persistently negative HIV antibody test. Confirmative testing and diagnosis of HIV were performed with a qualitative DNA polymerase chain reaction and confirmed with a quantitative RNA polymerase chain reaction. Cytomegalovirus oropharyngeal ulcerations were managed with ganciclovir 5 mg/kg with significant improvement in oral ulcers.

Conclusions
We present a rare case of an HIV-seronegative patient clinically diagnosed with advanced AIDS and CMV oropharyngeal ulcerations. False-negative HIV tests can delay diagnosis and treatment; hence, clinical suspicion is needed for accurate diagnosis and early treatment.
Emphysematous hepatitis with successful treatments: A rare case report
Authors: Pan Nannan , Wang Shuo , Miao Zhenwei 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Emphysematous hepatitis (EH) is a rare and fulminant gas-forming liver infection. Only 3 patients were successfully treated. Diabetes mellitus and a history of digestive system cancer may predispose individuals to EH. Computed tomography (CT) findings support the diagnosis of EH and monitor progress.

Patient concerns:
A 48-year-old man with diabetes presented with nausea, vomiting (gastric contents) and diarrhea. Laboratory test results revealed elevated levels of inflammatory indicators and abnormal liver function. CT showed a large-scale air collection with some remaining parenchymal debris in the left lobe of the liver. Remarkably, no fluid was observed inside the lesion.

Diagnose:
The abdominal CT features and laboratory examination results rationalized the diagnosis of EH.

Interventions and outcomes:
The patient finally recovered from this severe disease through a series of effective treatments, including strict glucose control, sensitive antibiotic therapy, and subsequent percutaneous drainage.

Lessons:
EH generally deteriorates rapidly and eventually leads to death. This case will raise awareness of the rare and severe disease, strengthen diagnostic capacities, and provide advice to treat it.
Immunohistochemical characteristics of thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma: A case report and review
Authors: Guo Hongjie , Zhang Zixiong , Huang Chuying , Qiu Jiao , Qu Xiaochun 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (TL-LGNPPA) is a rare nasopharyngeal malignant tumor that is easy to misdiagnose. Immunohistochemistry plays an indispensable role in distinguishing TL-LGNPPA from other malignancies. However, there is no article to summarize the immunohistochemical characteristics of TL-LGNPPA. Herein, we report a case of TL-LGNPPA and present the immunohistochemical results reported in the Chinese literature.

Methods:
An electronic search of the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) database was performed. From our literature survey, 53 cases of TL-LGNPPA (including the case described in this report) have been identified in China. We summarize the Chinese literature's clinical characteristics, immunohistochemical results, treatments, and prognosis of 53 cases.

Results:
Based on our literature survey, 53 cases of TL-LGNPPA (including the case described in this report) have been reported in China. We found TL-LGNPPA and papillary thyroid carcinoma were positive for TTF-1 and CK19. TL-LGNPPA was negative for TG and PAX-8, whereas papillary thyroid carcinoma was positive for TG and PAX-8. However, negative expression of TTF-1 and positive expression of TG were also found in some TL-LGNPPA cases. Our literature survey found that all TL-LGNPPA cases were negative for PAX-8.
Therefore, we suggest that simultaneous immunohistochemical determination of TTF-1 and CK19, as well as TG and PAX-8, can increase the diagnostic accuracy of TL-LGNPPA.

Conclusion:
The 4th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors (WHO-HNT) indicates that NPPA with positive expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and TTF-1 and negative expression of TG is called TL-LGNPPA.
Effect of cyclosporine A on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis caused by MYO1E mutation in a Chinese adult patient: A case report
Authors: Li Ruizhao , Dong Wei , Chen Yingwen , Tang Tianwei , Zhao Xingchen , Zhang Li , Liang Xinling 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) describes a renal histologic lesion with diverse causes and pathogenicities. Monogenic abnormalities which are associated with impaired function of podocyte could result in FSGS. Most of genetic FSGS do not respond to immunosuppressive agents and often develop end-stage kidney disease. We reported a case of FSGS caused by myosin1e (MYO1E) mutation, alleviated by cyclosporine A (CsA) and low-dose glucocorticoid.

Patient concerns:
The patient was a 38-year-old male with nephrotic range proteinuria. He didn’t respond to prednisone 65mg/day. Kidney biopsy in our hospital showed FSGS with several hypoplasia and tiny loops. In addition, focal thickening and disorganization of the glomerular gasement membrane as well as diffuse foot process effacement were observed in electron microscope.

Diagnoses:
Genetic testing indicated homozygous deletion mutation of MYO1E. The patient was diagnosed with genetic FSGS caused by MYO1E homozygous mutation.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with CsA 50mg twice a day and low-dose methylprednisolone.

Outcomes:
CsA and low-dose glucocorticoid dramatically reduced proteinuria, and partial remission was attained in 3 years follow-up.

Lessons:
MYO1E autosomal recessive mutation was a rare FSGS causative mutation that might benefit from CsA treatment. However, the long-term effect of CsA on FSGS caused by this mutation should be investigated in the future.
Anesthetic management of a pediatric patient with Dravet syndrome: A case report
Authors: Hase Yuri , Takuma Shigeru , Hojo Takayuki , Nitta Yukie , Kamekura Nobuhito 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a rare and severe myoclonic epilepsy, with onset commonly occurring in infancy. Seizures are triggered by various causes, including fever, bathing, and light stimulus. DS is refractory to drug treatment. Moreover, status epilepticus (SE) can cause serious encephalopathy and epilepsy-related deaths. There are very few reports of general anesthesia in DS patients. Herein, we report our experience with the anesthetic management of a pediatric patient with DS.

Patient concerns and diagnoses:
A 5-year-old boy (height, 112 cm; weight, 19 kg) was diagnosed with DS through SCN1A genetic testing, which revealed a de novo novel missense mutation. His medical history included drug-resistant epilepsy, developmental delay, and hypotonia. His seizures tended to be triggered daily by a rise in body temperature (BT), bathing, and light stimulus. He could not receive adequate dental treatment due to DS, although he had previously undergone dental treatment under restraint at the pediatric dentistry department of our hospital.

Interventions and outcomes:
The patient was scheduled for intensive dental treatment under general anesthesia due to noncooperation, and DS-related limitations. By considering the risk posed by elevated BT, seizure-inducing drugs were avoided, and general anesthesia was completed as planned, uneventfully. Although fluctuation of BT occurred during the procedure, it was finally controlled at the end of anesthesia at about the same level as at anesthesia induction. However, small seizures and a single generalized convulsion were observed accompanied by fever on postoperative day 1. The patient was discharged from the hospital without major problems on postoperative day 3, because of detailed planning and close preoperative cooperation with the attending pediatrician.

Conclusion:
It is essential to pay attention to managing BT and to avoid drugs that induce seizures during anesthesia for patients with DS. Cautious preoperative planning for anesthesia based on evaluation of the patient and rapid postoperative response in collaboration with the attending pediatrician is necessary in case an epileptic seizure occurs.