bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity of the DMI fungicide mefentrifluconazole against Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of peanut southern blight
Authors: Han Zhiyuan , Cui Kaidi , Wang Mengke , Jiang Chaofan , Zhao Te , Wang Meizi , Du Pengqiang , He Leiming , Zhou Lin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of peanut southern blight, has become increasingly prevalent and harmful in China, causing serious economic losses to the peanut industry. To effectively manage peanut southern blight, this study evaluated the bioactivity of the new‐generation sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide mefentrifluconazole against peanut S. rolfsii.ResultsIn this study, the DMI fungicide mefentrifluconazole exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii, with a mean EC50 value of 0.21 ± 0.11 mg L−1 and a range of 0.02 to 0.55 mg L−1 for 261 isolates collected from Hebei, Henan and Shandong provinces. Mefentrifluconazole significantly reduced the biomass of mycelia and affected the morphology of hyphae. Although sclerotia were more tolerant to mefentrifluconazole than mycelial growth, mefentrifluconazole greatly inhibited the formation and germination of sclerotia. In addition, sclerotia produced by mefentrifluconazole‐treated mycelia were deficient in nutrients (e.g., protein, carbohydrate and lipid). These results indicated that mefentrifluconazole may reduce the population of S. rolfsii in the following year. In greenhouse experiments, mefentrifluconazole showed control efficacy and good persistence against peanut S. rolfsii. The preventative and curative activities of mefentrifluconazole at 200 mg L−1 against southern blight still reached 95.36% and 60.94%, respectively, after 9 days of application. No correlation was observed for the sensitivity of S. rolfsii to mefentrifluconazole and the tested DMI, quinone outside inhibitor and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides.ConclusionAll data indicated that mefentrifluconazole could provide favorable control efficacy against S. rolfsii from peanuts and reduce the infection and population of S. rolfsii in the following year. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The methodology of A. Bogdanov's tektology in the context of modern systems economic theory
Authors: Kleiner George B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany highlights from Tektology: Universal Organizational Science by A. Bogdanov are projected onto the concepts of modern systemic thinking according to systemic economic theory. The concepts of space by Aristotle, I. Newton, A. Einstein and A. Bogdanov are compared; the place of Bogdanov's school in modern systemic discourse is clarified. A generalised subject human life sphere structural model, which makes it possible to describe in a unified manner the processes of cognition and creation of spiritual and material human world, is proposed. Due to this, all types of internal and external factors that stimulate these processes become possible to be included in the process of analysing creation and functioning of economic systems. Bogdanov's concept of ingression as a connection of socio‐economic space–time allows us to formulate a hypothesis about four universal types of system genesis factors and determine guidelines for harmonious development of economy and society in the foreseeable future.
Recent Advances in Transition Metal‐Based Catalysts for Ethylene Copolymerization with Polar Comonomer
Authors: Ullah Khan Wasim , Mazhar Hassam , Shehzad Farrukh , Al‐Harthi Mamdouh A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of polar functionalized polyolefin (PFP) offers improvement in mixing properties, polymer surface, and rheological properties with the potential of upgraded polyolefins for modern and ingenious applications. The synthesis of PFP from metal‐based catalyzed olefin (non‐polar in nature) copolymerization with polar comonomers embodies energy‐efficient, atom‐efficient, and apparently an upfront methodology. Despite their outstanding success during conventional polymerization of olefin, 3rd and 4th group (early transition metal)‐based catalysts, owing to their electrophilic nature, face challenges mainly due to Lewis basic sites of the polar monomers. On the contrary, late transition metal‐based catalysts have also made progress, in recent years, for PFP synthesis. The recent past has also witnessed several advancements in the development of dominating palladium‐based catalysts while their lower resistance towards ligand functional groups has limited the practical application of abundant and cheaper nickel‐based catalysts. However, the relentless efforts of the scientific community, during the past half‐decade, have indicated rigorous progress in the development of nickel‐based catalysts for PFP synthesis. In this review, we have abridged the recent research trends in both early as well as late transition metal‐based catalyst development. Furthermore, we have highlighted the role of transition metal‐based catalysts in influencing the polymer properties.
Isolation of Salmonella species of public health concern from commonly fed dried meat dog treats
Authors: Morgan Genever , Saal Mikhela , Corr Aoife , Jenkins Claire , Chattaway Marie Anne , Pinchbeck Gina , Williams Nicola 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDried non‐heat‐treated meat treats, such as ears, skin and tails, are popular supplementary dog foods. Previous studies have demonstrated Salmonella spp. contamination on treats, particularly in pig ears and chicken products. This small, exploratory, cross‐sectional study investigated Salmonella spp. presence in dried treats available in the UK.MethodsA selection of dried treats from local pet shops and online retailers underwent bacterial culture for Salmonella spp. and subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, with Salmonella serotype determined by whole genome sequencing.ResultsEighty‐four samples were tested, with 16% being Salmonella spp. positive. Five Salmonella serotypes were identified, each associated with specific treat types. An antimicrobial‐resistant phenotype was identified in 39% of isolates. All serotypes identified are known to cause human infection.LimitationsThis study was limited by a small sample size and limited number of retail sources.ConclusionSalmonella spp. of public health concern were present in some dried dog treats in this study. Dog owners, pet food retailers and veterinary professionals should be aware of the potential zoonotic disease risk associated with these treats, and appropriate hygiene measures, including thorough hand washing, should be utilised if they are fed.
Epidemiology of Ixodid tick infestation and tick‐borne haemopathogens in small ruminant from Enarje Enawuga, North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Tamrat Habtamu , Tagel Wudu , Belayneh Negus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmall ruminant playing significant economic development and cultural roles for smallholders and reared in different agroecological systems in Ethiopia. However, ticks and tick‐borne haemopathogens are major threats to the health of small ruminants leading to loss of production and productivity in Ethiopia especially in north‐western Ethiopia, due to climate and agroecological system favourable to the tick survival in the area.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of Ixodid tick infestation and tick‐borne haemopathogens, to identify the existing Ixodid tick species and to investigate major risk factors associated with tick infestation and tick‐borne haemopathogens.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted on 396 small ruminants (sheep =198 and goats = 198). Ticks were identified to the species level according to their morphological key structures. Thin blood smear were prepared and laboratoricaly examined to investigate tick‐borne haemopathogens. Logistic regression was employed to assess the association between potential risk factors with tick infestation and tick‐borne haemopathogens.ResultsThe overall prevalence of tick infestation and tick‐borne haemopathogens were 47.22% and 4.29%, respectively. Age, species, body condition, agroecological system and season were found significantly (p < 0.05) associated with tick infestation. Season was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with occurrence of tick‐borne haemopathogen. Amblyomma variegatum (18.2%) and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (13.4%) were the predominant tick species encountered. Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma marginale and Babesia ovis were prevalent tick‐borne haemopathogens.ConclusionsThe present study reported that there was higher tick infestation and tick‐borne haemopathogens infections on small ruminants in the study area. Therefore, based on tick epidemiology, a strategic tick control programs were needed in this region. Further detailed studies on the role of Ixodid tick species in causing tick‐borne diseases in small ruminants and their economic impact on livelihoods should be conducted.
Introduction
Authors: Membretti Andrea , Taylor Susan Jean , Delves Jess L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis introductory chapters presents aims, approach and main contents of the edited volume, framing a practical discussion about sustainable development in Phuthaditjhaba, a southern-african informal town which is facing multilevel social, political and environmental challenges. By employing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) throughout, the Goals serve as a common reference point which unites the written contributions and which can be employed by researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike. The book brings together diverse contributions from scholars and practitioners on Phuthaditjhaba and the area of the former homeland QwaQwa. Each chapter addresses the city from a different disciplinary perspective, with the overall objective of shedding light on the challenges and opportunities presented with regards to sustainable development.
Phuthaditjhaba: The Rise and Fall of a Homeland Capital
Authors: Marais Lochner 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrand Apartheid in South Africa created ten ‘homelands’, each of which had a capital city. These capitals became places of power and symbolism. The apartheid government allocated large subsidies to support industrial development in these capitals, through the regional industrial development programme. Phuthaditjhaba became the capital of the QwaQwa homeland, with a parliament building, houses for chief ministers, and public spaces and buildings named after leaders. However, with the incorporation of QwaQwa into South Africa after the transition to a democratic government, Phuthaditjhaba lost its capital status. Despite one statue being removed, most of its public places named after homeland leaders remained. Today, Phuthaditjhaba is part of the Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality and stands to benefit from funding from the intermediate city support programme. However, poor financial management, political infighting and allegations of corruption are preventing it from accessing these funds. City planners would do better to focus on Phuthaditjhaba’s regional services function and the sustainable development role in the mountainous context and promote rural development.
Planning for the Expansion of Phuthaditjhaba CBD Through UN Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Mocwagae Kgosi , Nel Verna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the 1980s, the QwaQwa government established the Phuthaditjhaba Central Business District (CBD), locally known as Setsing. Currently, measuring approximately 60 ha, Setsing hosts a mixture of formal businesses in shopping complexes and a large informal sector trading on pavements. Setsing is enclosed by four of 13 township sections of Phuthaditjhaba that have limited vacant land for expansion. The enclosing townships consist of privately-owned residential homes, without any municipal land available to expand the CBD needed to address the business demands of Setsing. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 on making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable is applied to address the issues stated in the study. The study employed exploratory qualitative research methods to determine the land use planning practices to allow the CBD to expand into the enclosing township sections and unlock economic value for property owners in these sections. The study participants included municipal officials, homeowners, business owners and property developers. Content analysis was used to determine land use management practices that will allow Setsing to expand and create possible spin-offs for the local economy. The chapter makes three contributions to Setsing through the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The first contribution is that homeowners felt that zoning interventions could assist with the expansion of Setsing. The second contribution plans for densification through increasing basic infrastructure to support the consideration of multi-storey buildings. The last contribution is the development of a new CBD with careful consideration that will not lead to a negative effect on livelihoods in the existing CBD.
Surviving the Limits Imposed by a Changing Climate: The Case of Urban Drought and Water Supply Sustainability in Phuthaditjhaba
Authors: Mukwada Geofrey , Mutana Sarudzai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn urban environments, sustainable access to water resources depends on many factors, including climatic, social and economic conditions characterizing the surrounding environment. For urban areas in mountain environments these conditions are compounded by stressors resulting from climate change, such as drought, as well as physical remoteness, economic marginalization and poverty, phenomena which impose limits on access to water. Based on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 6 and 13, which were part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by UN member states in 2015, in this paper we assess the impact of urban drought on water security in the mountain city of Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa. World Meteorological Organization - Time Series (4.04) climate (precipitation and maximum temperature) data for Phuthaditjhaba were analysed for trends for the period between 1960 and 2019. Trends of Standardized Precipitation Index values and Maximum Temperatures were used to determine how climate change has affected Phuthaditjhaba’s sources of water supply, namely the Fika Patso and Metsimatsho dams. A sample of Landsat images from the same period was used to determine how the two water bodies have responded to the change over time. The results indicate that the two reservoirs have shrunk due to climate change induced drought, thus worsening water insecurity in the city. The results also indicate that mean annual stream discharge is projected to decrease by 39% for the 2016–2045 period. Lastly, based on government reports on water shortages in Phuthaditjhaba and other secondary sources, the results also indicate that though 90% of Phuthaditjhaba’s population has access to potable water, only 55% of the residents have access to reliable water supply. We conclude that without urgent government intervention the future of the livelihoods of the poor majority of Phuthaditjhaba’s residents will remain bleak due to dwindling water resources, making SDG 6, and those influenced by it, unattainable.
AI Is Leaving the Lab and Entering Society
Authors: Sheikh Haroon , Prins Corien , Schrijvers Erik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSince the birth of AI in 1956, various applications of the technology have left the lab and spread through society. Expert systems have been in widespread use for decades and the first neural networks entered the financial sector some time ago. Thus far, however, the impact has been modest due to the limited scope for utilizing such forms of AI.
Contextualization
Authors: Sheikh Haroon , Prins Corien , Schrijvers Erik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe term ‘contextualization’ concerns the uses to which AI is put. This overarching task is a key part of the transition from laboratory to society. It is also a complex and often underestimated process. In practice AI will have to operate in specific contexts, each with its own systems, practices, rules and logic. This process is known as contextualization and involves adaptation and integration, which are both very time-consuming. That delays the maturation of new system technologies. As a result, it often takes longer than we might expect for them to become part of our everyday lives. The overarching task of contextualization therefore raises the following question: ‘how will AI work?’
Control of high-speed jumps: the rotation and energetics of the locust (Schistocerca gregaria)
Authors: Goode C. K. , Sutton Gregory P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLocusts (Schistocerca gregaria) jump using a latch mediated spring actuated system in the femur-tibia joint of their metathoracic legs. These jumps are exceptionally fast and display angular rotation immediately after take-off. In this study, we focus on the angular velocity, at take-off, of locusts ranging between 0.049 and 1.50 g to determine if and how rotation-rate scales with size. From 263 jumps recorded from 44 individuals, we found that angular velocity scales with mass−0.33, consistent with a hypothesis of locusts having a constant rotational kinetic energy density. Within the data from each locust, angular velocity increased proportionally with linear velocity, suggesting the two cannot be independently controlled and thus a fixed energy budget is formed at take-off. On average, the energy budget of a jump is distributed 98.7% to translational kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy, and 1.3% to rotational kinetic energy. The percentage of energy devoted to rotation was constant across all sizes of locusts and represents a very small proportion of the energy budget. This analysis suggests that smaller locusts find it harder to jump without body rotation.
Efficacy of Silexan in patients with anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Dold Markus , Bartova Lucie , Volz Hans-Peter , Seifritz Erich , Möller Hans-Jürgen , Schläfke Sandra , Kasper Siegfried 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
We report on a meta-analysis of Silexan, a proprietary active substance produced from Lavandula angustifolia, in subthreshold anxiety, mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (MADD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Methods
The present analyses are based on all currently completed 5 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials investigating Silexan in adult out-patients who received Silexan 1 × 80 mg/day or placebo for ten weeks according to random assignment (n = 1213). Efficacy was assessed based on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), several anxiety self-rating scales, the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health status questionnaire.

Results
After ten weeks’ treatment, Silexan was significantly superior to placebo in reducing the HAMA total score (including the psychic and somatic anxiety sub-scores) and self-rated anxiety. Based on a ≥ 50% HAMA total score reduction, the responder rate ratio was 1.34 favoring Silexan, and the rate ratio of subjects much or very much improved according to the CGI was 1.51. Silexan was also significantly superior in improving the physical and mental health summary scores of the SF-36. There were no significant between-group differences concerning the occurrence of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, and premature withdrawal due to AEs.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis demonstrates that Silexan exerts significant anxiolytic effects in subthreshold anxiety, GAD and MADD that were consistently reflected in investigator ratings and patient-reported outcomes, including improvement of health-related life-quality, while showing favorable tolerability and safety.
Beitrag der universitären Ausbildung und Forschung zur Reduktion der Unfallzahlen im Bergbau
Authors: Sifferlinger Nikolaus August , Haider Katharina , Mädel Owain , Maier Alfred 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem möglichen Beitrag der universitären Ausbildung und Forschung zur Reduktion der Unfallzahlen im Bergbau.In der Ausbildung werden die zukünftigen Bergleute an die möglichen Gefahren und die notwendigen Sicherheitsmaßnahmen herangeführt.Ein wesentliches Ausbildungsziel in der universitären Ausbildung ist es, den zukünftigen, in leitender Funktion tätigen Rohstoffingenieuren das selbständige Erkennen und Reduzieren der Risiken in der Arbeit zu ermöglichen.In den letzten 30 Jahren haben sich die Sicherheitsverhältnisse im internationalen Bergbau erheblich verbessert, und die Unfallzahlen sind stark zurückgegangen.Durch Automation und Robotik wird es im 21. Jahrhundert gelingen, die Bergleute noch weiter aus möglichen Gefahrenzonen zu entfernen.Die Sicherheitsforschung für den Bergbau der Montanuniversität Leoben ist vielfältig aufgestellt.Um aus dem Unfallgeschehen lernen zu können, ist es nötig, anonymisierte Unfallberichte zu analysieren. Leider sind diese Unfallberichte in Europa seit etwa 20 Jahren nicht mehr zugänglich, sondern nur statistische Zahlen, und es muss auf die sehr guten Unfallberichte in den USA und Australien als Ersatz zugegriffen werden.
Refinement of Hélein’s conjecture on boundedness of conformal factors when $$n = 3$$
Authors: Plotnikov Pavel I. , Toland John F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor smooth mappings of the unit disc into the oriented Grassmannian manifold $${\mathbb {G}}_{n,2}$$

G

n
,
2

, Hélein (Harmonic Maps Conservation Laws and Moving Frames, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002) conjectured the global existence of Coulomb frames with bounded conformal factor provided the integral of $$|{{\varvec{A}}} |^2$$

|

A

|

2

, the squared-length of the second fundamental form, is less than $$\gamma _n=8\pi $$

γ
n

=
8
π

. It has since been shown that the optimal bounds that guarantee this result are: $$\gamma _3 = 8\pi $$

γ
3

=
8
π

and $$\gamma _n = 4\pi $$

γ
n

=
4
π

for $$n \ge 4$$

n
≥
4

. For isothermal immersions in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

, this hypothesis is equivalent to saying the integral of the sum of the squares of the principal curvatures is less than $$\gamma _3$$

γ
3

. The goal here is to prove that when $$n=3$$

n
=
3

the same conclusion holds under weaker hypotheses. In particular, it holds for isothermal immersions when $$|{{\varvec{A}}} |^2$$

|

A

|

2

is integrable and the integral of $$|K |$$

|
K
|

, where K is the Gauss curvature, is less than $$4\pi $$

4
π

. Since $$2|K |\le |{{\varvec{A}}} |^2$$

2
|
K
|

≤

|

A

|

2

this implies the known result for isothermal immersions, but $$|K |$$

|
K
|

may be small when $$|{{\varvec{A}}} |^2$$

|

A

|

2

is large. The method, which is purely analytic, is then developed to examine the case $$n=3$$

n
=
3

when $$|\varvec{A} |$$

|

A

|

is only square-integrable. The possibility of extending that result in the language of Grassmannian manifolds to the case $$n>3$$

n
>
3

is outlined in an Appendix.