bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glacier projections sensitivity to temperature-index model choices and calibration strategies
Authors: Schuster Lilian , Rounce David R. , Maussion Fabien 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe uncertainty of glacier change projections is largely influenced by glacier models. In this study, we focus on temperature-index mass-balance (MB) models and their calibration. Using the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM), we examine the influence of different surface-type dependent degree-day factors, temporal climate resolutions (daily, monthly) and downscaling options (temperature lapse rates, temperature and precipitation corrections) for 88 glaciers with in-situ observations. Our findings indicate that higher spatial and temporal resolution observations enhance MB gradient representation due to an improved calibration. The addition of surface-type distinction in the model also improves MB gradients, but the lack of independent observations limits our ability to demonstrate the added value of increased model complexity. Some model choices have systematic effects, for example weaker temperature lapse rates result in smaller projected glaciers. However, we often find counter balancing effects, such as the sensitivity to different degree-day factors for snow, firn and ice, which depends on how the glacier accumulation area ratio changes in the future. Similarly, using daily versus monthly climate data can affect glaciers differently depending on the shifting balance between melt and solid precipitation thresholds. Our study highlights the importance of considering minor model design differences to predict future glacier volumes and runoff accurately.
ON COHEN AND PRIKRY FORCING NOTIONS
Authors: BENHAMOU TOM , GITIK MOTI 
Published: September 2023

Abstract(1)We show that it is possible to add
$\kappa ^+$
-Cohen subsets to
$\kappa $
with a Prikry forcing over
$\kappa $
. This answers a question from [9].(2)A strengthening of non-Galvin property is introduced. It is shown to be consistent using a single measurable cardinal which improves a previous result by S. Garti, S. Shelah, and the first author [5].(3)A situation with Extender-based Prikry forcings is examined. This relates to a question of H. Woodin.
COLORING ISOSCELES TRIANGLES IN CHOICELESS SET THEORY
Authors: ZHOU YUXIN 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It is consistent relative to an inaccessible cardinal that ZF+DC holds, and the hypergraph of isosceles triangles on

$\mathbb {R}^2$

has countable chromatic number while the hypergraph of isosceles triangles on

$\mathbb {R}^3$

has uncountable chromatic number.
THORN FORKING, WEAK NORMALITY, AND THEORIES WITH SELECTORS
Authors: HOFFMANN DANIEL MAX , PILLAY ANAND 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe discuss the role of weakly normal formulas in the theory of thorn forking, as part of a commentary on the paper [5]. We also give a counterexample to Corollary 4.2 from that paper, and in the process discuss “theories with selectors.”
ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CARBON ISOTOPE COMPOSITION IN URBAN AND CLEAN AREAS OF THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC COAST OF CROATIA
Authors: Sironić Andreja , Hess Emma , Barešić Jadranka , Kanduč Tjaša , Borković Damir , Krajcar Bronić Ines 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTOver the course of one year (2021), we monitored the carbon isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 at three locations in Croatia: the Adriatic port city of Rijeka (Cfa climate) and at two rural sites: Gornje Jelenje (Cfb climate) in the vicinity of a main road and clean-air site Parg (Dfb climate). Carbon isotope composition at all sites shows seasonal variation, ranging from –41.3 to 25.2‰ for Δ14C and from –13.1 to –11.3‰ for δ13C. Rijeka systematically has the lowest and Parg the highest Δ14C, and δ13C at the sites are not statistically different one from another. The Δ14C of leaves of deciduous trees reflect the trend of atmospheric Δ14C. Based on the assumption that the investigated area is under the influence of two main sources of CO2: fossil and natural (sea exchange, biosphere, and undisturbed – clean air atmospheric component) the approximate share of fossil CO2 in total atmospheric CO2 has been estimated for Rijeka (2.1 ± 1.3%) and Gornje Jelenje (1.0 ± 0.9%). Comparison of our results with the data from European CO2 sampling stations indicates strong influence of CO2 from sea and biosphere. Backward trajectories indicate a possibility of Δ14CCO2 contribution from distant EU nuclear power plants, but movement of air masses should be considered in more detail to confirm this.
Social Pressure in the International Human Rights Regime: Why States Withdraw Treaty Reservations
Authors: Boyes Christina , Eldredge Cody D. , Shannon Megan , Zvobgo Kelebogile 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStates often use reservations to modify their treaty obligations. Prior research demonstrates why states enter reservations and why states object to reservations, but little work explains why states withdraw them. We argue that states withdraw reservations in response to international social pressure. Using novel data on reservations and reservation withdrawals for the nine core international human rights treaties, our analyses reveal two factors that compel states to withdraw reservations: (1) pressure from peer states and (2) pressure from human rights treaty bodies conducting periodic reviews. While previous work emphasizes domestic factors, our research shows that the international community encourages states to withdraw reservations and strengthen their commitments to human rights and international law.
Skin carotenoid levels in lactating dairy cows as measured using multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy
Authors: Jakob Martina , Lima Joana , Launay Frederic , Ferguson Holly J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis research communication describes a pilot study measuring skin carotenoid levels of lactating dairy cows. Carotenoids are natural antioxidants, involved in cell communication and immune function, protecting against oxidative stress. They are precursors of vitamin A, important for reproduction efficiency, growth and male fertility. Therefore, easy-to-use, inexpensive methods to measure carotenoids in cattle would provide interesting data for farmers to monitor the health and nutritional status of their herds. In this study, we used a commercially available sensor based on multiple spatially resolved reflection spectroscopy (MSRRS), intended for human use, to measure the carotenoid content in bovine skin in three research herds in France, Ireland and Scotland. Carotenoid levels were measured by applying the sensor to the teat barrel, avoiding pigmented areas of skin. Mean sensor values differed significantly between herds and between diets, with pasture-based animals showing significantly higher carotenoid levels. Our results suggest that MSRRS can be used to accurately to measure skin carotenoids in cows. However, further calibration in bovines is needed to improve of the accuracy of the MSRRS sensor in cattle.
Recent studies on Indian primates show declining population trends, even in protected areas
Authors: Hameed Shahid , Bashir Tawqir , Ali Mohammad Niamat , Khanyari Munib , Kumar Ajith 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPopulation size and geographical range are the key quantitative criteria used by the IUCN to assess the conservation status of a species. However, such information is often incomplete and inconsistent, even for seemingly abundant species. To assess the population and conservation status of Indian primates, we conducted a systematic review of recent research using the searching, appraisal, synthesis and analysis (SALSA) approach. We reviewed a total of 41 studies on Indian primates conducted during the last 2 decades (2000–2021) for information on various parameters that influence their conservation. We found that 20 out of a total of 26 primate species were evaluated for their population status, and the majority of these studies (71%) showed an overall declining population trend. Remarkably, all but one of the studies conducted exclusively within protected areas revealed declining population trends, whereas trends were more variable for primate populations in non-protected areas. Our data indicate that only 27% (n = 7) of Indian primate species have been surveyed or re-surveyed to assess their population status within the last 5 years. Although threats vary in time and space from species to species, 78% of the studies recorded natural system modifications including habitat loss and fragmentation among the main threats to the survival of Indian primates. Most studies on the population status of Indian primates have either been spatially limited or used outdated methods. We recommend that future studies adopt robust techniques to estimate populations and work across larger geographical scales to develop effective management strategies for the conservation of primates in India.
Where not to look for targets of social reforms and interventions, according to behavioral genetics
Authors: Eftedal Nikolai Haahjem , Thomsen Lotte 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Behavioral genetics typically finds that the so-called shared environment contributes little or nothing to explaining within-population variation on most traits. If true, this has important implications for where not to look for good targets of interventions: Namely all things that are within the normal range of variation from one rearing environment to the next in that population.
Genes, genomes, and developmental process
Authors: Taylor Jebediah , Weiss Staci Meredith , Marshall Peter J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The view advanced by Madole & Harden falls back on the dogma of a gene as a DNA sequence that codes for a fixed product with an invariant function regardless of temporal and spatial contexts. This outdated perspective entrenches the metaphor of genes as static units of information and glosses over developmental complexities.
Extensions of the causal framework to Mendelian randomisation and gene–environment interaction
Authors: Haworth Claire M. A. , Wootton Robyn E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In our commentary we ask whether we should ultimately endeavour to find the deep causes of behaviours? Then we discuss two extensions of the proposed framework: (1) Mendelian randomisation and (2) hypothesis-free gene–environment interaction (leveraging heterogeneity in genetic associations). These complementary methods help move us towards second-generation causal knowledge, ultimately understanding mechanistic pathways and identifying more effective intervention targets.
GWASs and polygenic scores inherit all the old problems of heritability estimates
Authors: Sarkar Sahotra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolygenic score (PGS) computations assume an additive model of gene action because associations between phenotypes and alleles at different loci are compounded, ignoring interactions between alleles or loci let alone between genotype and environment. Consequently, PGSs are subject to the same objections that invalidated traditional heritability analyses in the 1970s. Thus, PGSs should not be used in the social sciences.
Vertical pleiotropy explains the heritability of social science traits
Authors: Xia Charley , Hill W. David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We contend that social science variables are the product of multiple partly heritable traits. Genetic associations with socioeconomic status (SES) may differ across populations, but this is a consequence of the intermediary traits associated with SES differences also varying. Furthermore, genetic data allow social scientists to make causal statements regarding the aetiology and consequences of SES.
Causal complexity in human research: On the shared challenges of behavior genetics, medical genetics, and environmentally oriented social science
Authors: Madole James W. , Harden K. Paige 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We received 23 spirited commentaries on our target article from across the disciplines of philosophy, economics, evolutionary genetics, molecular biology, criminology, epidemiology, and law. We organize our reply around three overarching questions: (1) What is a cause? (2) How are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and within-family genome-wide association studies (GWASs) alike and unalike? (3) Is behavior genetics a qualitatively different enterprise? Throughout our discussion of these questions, we advocate for the idea that behavior genetics shares many of the same pitfalls and promises as environmentally oriented research, medical genetics, and other arenas of the social and behavioral sciences.
Untangling (Missionary) Entanglements: Recent Work on Christianisation and Cross-Cultural Contact and the Case for an Entangled Approach
Authors: Schalbroeck Eva 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article discusses recent work on cross-cultural interactions between missionaries and Central Africans, including Images on a Mission by Cécile Fromont, Religious Entanglements by David Maxwell, and “What Is Religion in Africa?” by Birgit Meyer. These works adopt an entangled approach, examining how Christianisation engendered interconnections between Central Africans and missionaries and between Central Africa and Europe. In this way, the works paint a nuanced image of the cross-cultural interactions that occurred in the framework of the Christianisation of Central Africa, showing us how an entangled approach can help examine such interactions afresh. By contextualising the manifold ways in which Westerners and non-Westerners, the West and the non-West were entangled, we can better understand the (power) dynamics and outcomes of cross-cultural interactions. By reading sources in an entangled manner, we can get a completer view of the wide array of interactions between Westerners and non-Westerners. By acknowledging how historical entanglements shaped the analytical concepts we use, we can decolonise our scholarly practice. This article shows how the study of a fundamentally cross-cultural phenomenon—Christianity in the non-Western world—can inspire global and imperial historians to study cross-cultural interactions in a truly cross-cultural manner.
Parental use of causal language for preterm and full-term children: A longitudinal study
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Salih C. , AKTAN-ERCİYES Aslı , GÖKSUN Tilbe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParents are often a good source of information, introducing children to how the world around them is described and explained in terms of cause-and-effect relations. Parents also vary in their speech, and these variations can predict children’s later language skills. Being born preterm might be related to such parent-child interactions. The present longitudinal study investigated parental causal language use in Turkish, a language with particular causative morphology, across three time points when preterm and full-term children were 14-, 20-, and 26-months-old. In general, although preterm children heard fewer words overall, there were no differences between preterm and full-term groups in terms of the proportion of causal language input. Parental causal language input increased from 20 to 26 months, while the amount of overall verbal input remained the same. These findings suggest that neonatal status can influence the amount of overall parental talk, but not parental use of causal language.
Atypical diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in milk related to a large foodborne outbreak
Authors: Hirose Shouhei , Ohya Kenji , Yoshinari Tomoya , Ohnishi Takahiro , Mizukami Katsumi , Suzuki Tomikatsu , Takinami Kenji , Suzuki Takayoshi , Lee Kenichi , Iyoda Sunao , Akeda Yukihiro , Yahata Yuichiro , Tsuchihashi Yuuki , Sunagawa Tomimasa , Hara-Kudo Yukiko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A foodborne outbreak related to milk cartons served in school lunches occurred in June 2021, which involved more than 1,800 cases from 25 schools. The major symptoms were abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, and fever. Although major foodborne toxins and pathogens were not detected, a specific Escherichia coli strain, serotype OUT (OgGp9):H18, was predominantly isolated from milk samples related to the outbreak and most patients tested. The strains from milk and patient stool samples were identified as the same clone by core genome multilocus sequence typing and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis. The strain was detected in milk samples served for two days related to the foodborne outbreak at a rate of 69.6% and levels of less than ten most probable number/100 mL but not on days unrelated to the outbreak. The acid tolerance of the strain for survival in the stomach was similar to that of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7, and the same inserts in the chu gene cluster in the acid fitness island were genetically revealed. The pathogenicity of the strain was not clear; however, it was indicated that the causative pathogen was atypical diarrhoeagenic E. coli OUT (OgGp9):H18.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Republic of Congo, February 2022
Authors: Ndziessi Gilbert , Niama Roch Fabien , Aloumba Axel Gilius , Peya Jethro Massala , Ngatse Joseph Axel , Ngoyomi Ryschel Alist , Niama Ange Clauvel , Tobi N’Kaya , Loussambou Antoine , Kankou Jean Medard , Atipo Benjamin , Emeka Jean Claude , Ibata Pascal , Moukassa Donatien , Dokekias Alexis Elira 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In resource-limited countries, the lack of widespread screening masks the true situation of COVID-19. We conducted this study to assess SARS-CoV-2 spread by detection of specific antibodies and to determine associated factors. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Subjects were tested for the presence of two antibodies (IgM and IgG) specific to SARS-CoV-2. Data collection was done using a smartphone with the KoboCollect application. Prevalence of antibodies was estimated with 95% confidence intervals. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with positive serological test. A total of 9,094 persons were tested in 4,340 households. The mean age was 30.18 ± 18.65 years, 46.5% male. The overall seroprevalence (prevalence, 95% CI) of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was (48.2% [47.2%–49.2%]). Being vaccinated, having been in contact with a COVID-19 patient, being older than 50 years, living in a union, having secondary education and having tertiary education were factors independently associated with the likelihood of having anti-sars-CoV-2. We estimate in February 2022 that 48% persons had antibodies against the COVID-19 virus, more among those vaccinated. Vaccination intensification in low prevalence departments will reduce the risk of new outbreaks.
Constrained read-once refutations in UTVPI constraint systems: A parallel perspective
Authors: Subramani K. , Wojciechowski Piotr 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze two types of refutations for Unit Two Variable Per Inequality (UTVPI) constraints. A UTVPI constraint is a linear inequality of the form:
$a_{i}\cdot x_{i}+a_{j} \cdot x_{j} \le b_{k}$
, where
$a_{i},a_{j}\in \{0,1,-1\}$
and
$b_{k} \in \mathbb{Z}$
. A conjunction of such constraints is called a UTVPI constraint system (UCS) and can be represented in matrix form as:
${\bf A \cdot x \le b}$
. UTVPI constraints are used in many domains including operations research and program verification. We focus on two variants of read-once refutation (ROR). An ROR is a refutation in which each constraint is used at most once. A literal-once refutation (LOR), a more restrictive form of ROR, is a refutation in which each literal (
$x_i$
or
$-x_i$
) is used at most once. First, we examine the constraint-required read-once refutation (CROR) problem and the constraint-required literal-once refutation (CLOR) problem. In both of these problems, we are given a set of constraints that must be used in the refutation. RORs and LORs are incomplete since not every system of linear constraints is guaranteed to have such a refutation. This is still true even when we restrict ourselves to UCSs. In this paper, we provide NC reductions between the CROR and CLOR problems in UCSs and the minimum weight perfect matching problem. The reductions used in this paper assume a CREW PRAM model of parallel computation. As a result, the reductions establish that, from the perspective of parallel algorithms, the CROR and CLOR problems in UCSs are equivalent to matching. In particular, if an NC algorithm exists for either of these problems, then there is an NC algorithm for matching.
Long-term follow-up of percutaneous secundum-type atrial septal defect closure using Amplatzer Septal Occluder since 1995: a single-centre study
Authors: Olejnik Peter , Tittel Peter , Venczelova Zuzana , Kardos Marek , Tomko Jaroslav , Bartova Maria , Masura Jozef 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroduction:The goal of this single-centre study was to evaluate long-term results of percutaneous closure of secundum-type atrial septal defect using Amplatzer Septal Occluder with the follow-up to 25 years.Methods:A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent percutaneous closure of secundum-type atrial septal defect between September 1995 and October 2012 in our institution was performed. All procedures were performed after fulfilling strict indication criteria. More than 5 years follow-up was reached in 651/803 patients (81%) with median follow-up time of 12 (5–25) years.Results:The mean stretched defect diameter was 14,0 ± 5,2 mm. Early reintervention due to moderate or severe residual atrial septal defect had to be performed in 3/803 patients (0,03%). The incidence of long-term moderate or severe residual atrial septal defect was 0,0%. The complete closure rate at 10-year follow-up was 98,5%, as trivial residual shunts persisted in 8/508 patients (1,5%). A significant rate of the echocardiographic right ventricular end-diastolic diameter post-procedural normalisation (p < 0,05) was encountered. The rate of major complications was 0,5%. One device embolisation, one thrombus formation at the occluder surface, and one cardiac erosion in periprocedural or short post-procedural course were experienced. Only one late complication of infective endocarditis at the region of implanted occluder and the aortic valve was detected. The survival rate of all followed patients was 100%.Conclusions:Percutaneous closure of secundum-type atrial septal defect using Amplatzer Septal Occluder is a safe and effective procedure accounting for a very low incidence of major complications in the long-term follow-up.