bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of vascular screening interventions on perceived threat, efficacy beliefs and behavioural intentions: a systematic narrative review
Authors: Anokye Reindolf , Jackson Ben , Dimmock James , Dickson Joanne M , Kennedy Mary A , Schultz Carl J , Blekkenhorst Lauren C , Hodgson Jonathan M , Stanley Mandy , Lewis Joshua R 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Health-related behaviours contribute to the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular imaging can be used to screen asymptomatic individuals for increased risk of CVD to enable earlier interventions to promote health-related behaviours to prevent or reduce CVD risk. Some theories of behaviour and behaviour change assume that engagement in a given behaviour is a function of individual threat appraisals, beliefs regarding the performance of behaviour, self-efficacy for performing the desired behaviour and/or dispositions to act (e.g. behavioural intentions). To date, little is known about the impact of cardiovascular imaging interventions on these constructs. This article summarises evidence related to perceived threat, efficacy beliefs, and behavioural intentions after CVD screening. We identified 10 studies (2 RCTs and 8 non-randomised studies, n = 2498) through a combination of screening citations from published systematic reviews and meta-analyses and searching electronic databases. Of these, 7 measured behavioural intentions and perceived susceptibility and 3 measured efficacy beliefs. Findings showed largely encouraging effects of screening interventions on bolstering self-efficacy beliefs and strengthening behavioural intentions. Imaging results that suggest the presence of coronary or carotid artery disease also increased perceived susceptibility to CVD. However, the review also identified some gaps in the literature, such as a lack of guiding theoretical frameworks and assessments of critical determinants of health-related behaviours. By carefully considering the key issues highlighted in this review, we can make significant strides towards reducing CVD risks and improving population health.
Is inadequate health literacy associated with worse health outcomes among Chinese individuals with depression?
Authors: Mo Phoenix K H , Xie Luyao , Mak Winnie W S 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Inadequate health literacy is a risk factor for poorer outcomes across various conditions. The present study examined the level of health literacy, as measured by the Single Item Literacy Screener (SILS), and its association with a range of physical and mental outcomes [e.g. health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety, well-being, body mass index (BMI)] among individuals with depression in Hong Kong. A total of 112 individuals with depression were recruited from the community and invited to complete a survey. Among the participants, 42.9% of them were classified as having inadequate health literacy as screened by the SILS. After adjusting for significant sociodemographic and background variables, participants with inadequate health literacy had significantly poorer health-related quality of life and well-being, and had higher scores in depression, anxiety and BMI compared with those with adequate health literacy. Inadequate health literacy was associated with a range of negative physical and mental outcomes among individuals with depression. Interventions promoting the health literacy level of individuals with depression are highly warranted.
Perspectives of youth in Ireland on school-based mental health and suicide prevention: the MYSTORY study
Authors: Walsh Eibhlin H , Herring Matthew P , McMahon Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Anxiety, depression, and suicide are leading causes of disability and death among young people, globally. Schools are an ideal setting to target young people’s mental health, yet young people’s beliefs about and experiences with school mental health and suicide prevention are not well understood. This gap in knowledge contradicts both national and international youth mental health recommendations and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which collectively advocate for understanding young people’s perspectives on matters concerning them, including school mental health. Therefore, the Mental Health of Youth Story (MYSTORY) study explored young people’s perspectives on school mental health and suicide prevention using a participatory-based approach incorporating photovoice. MYSTORY consisted of a community/university partnership involving young people as participants (n = 14) and advisors (n = 6). Experiential, reflexive thematic analysis (TA) within a critical approach generated three themes relating to young people’s experiences with and beliefs about school mental health promotion and suicide prevention. Findings highlight the critical role of schools in impacting young people’s mental health, with the need to amplify youth voice and involvement in school mental health evident. Our study addresses an important gap by employing participatory-based approaches to explore young people’s perspectives on school mental health and suicide prevention. This is the first known study to explore young people’s perspectives on their voice and involvement in school mental health. Findings have important implications for youth and school mental health and suicide prevention research, policy, and practice.
Analysis of Odor-Tracking Performance of Silk Moth Using a Sensory–Motor Intervention System
Authors: Shigaki Shunsuke , Ando Noriyasu , Sakurai Takeshi , Kurabayashi Daisuke 
Published: June 2023

Synopsis
Animals can adaptively behave in different environmental conditions by converting environmental information obtained from their sensory organs into actions. This sensory–motor integration enables the accomplishment of various tasks and is essential for animal survival. This sensory–motor integration also plays an important role in localization to females, relying on sex pheromones floating in space. In this study, we focused on the localization behavior of the adult male silk moth, Bombyx mori. We investigated sensory–motor integration against time delay using odor plume tracking performance as an index when we set a certain time delay for the sensory and motor responses. Given that it is difficult to directly intervene in the sensory and motor functions of the silk moth, we constructed an intervention system based on a mobile behavior measurement system controlled by them. Using this intervention system, not only can timing the detection of the odor in the environment and timing the presentation of the odor to the silk moth be manipulated, but timing the reflection of the movement of the silk moth can also be manipulated. We analyzed the extent to which the localization strategy of the silk moth could tolerate sensory delays by setting a delay to the odor presentation. We also evaluated behavioral compensation by odor sensory feedback by setting a delay to the motor. The results of the localization experiment have shown that the localization success rate did not decrease when there was a motor delay. However, when there was a sensory delay, the success rate decreased depending on the time delay. Analysis of the change in behavior after detection of the odor stimulus has shown that the movement was more linear when we set a motor delay. However, the movement was accompanied by a large rotational movement when there was a delay in the sensory input. This result has suggested that behavior is compensated for the delay in motor function by feedback control of odor sensation, but not when accompanied by sensory delay. To compensate for this, the silk moth may acquire appropriate information from the environment by making large body movements.
The path towards sovereign territory: Reading China’s (anti)federal idea against its modern territorial constitutional imaginary
Authors: Kuo Ming-Sung 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article aims to shed light on how China has (re)imagined the geographical distribution of authority on its path towards modern statehood by unpacking the debate surrounding the constitutional status of Hong Kong in China’s territorial constitution. Challenging the conventional wisdom that China is constitutionally impervious to the federal idea, it makes a threefold argument. First, elements of federalism do exist in China, as intimated in its territorial constitution regarding Hong Kong, but have become nearly invisible as the relationship between mainland China and Hong Kong is traveling in the opposite direction. Second, the opposite development is attributable to the antifederal idea embedded in China’s modern constitutional imaginary, which has been shaped by its multifaceted experience with federalism in history. Under the antifederal idea, intimations of federalism in China’s territorial constitution are far from the bridge to a full-fledged Chinese federation, but only meant to be instrumental and transitional. Third, the antifederal idea reflects China’s modern territorial constitutional imaginary under which variegated imperial frontiers are reimagined as homogenized state territory. In conclusion, China’s encounter with Western legal concepts is formative of the Chinese modern constitutional imaginary and thus further influences its attitude towards federalism in framing the territorial constitution.
Model-driven survival prediction after congenital heart surgery
Authors: Zürn Christoph , Hübner David , Ziesenitz Victoria C , Höhn René , Schuler Lena , Schlange Tim , Gorenflo Matthias , Kari Fabian A , Kroll Johannes , Loukanov Tsvetomir , Klemm Rolf , Stiller Brigitte 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The objective of the study was to improve postoperative risk assessment in congenital heart surgery by developing a machine-learning model based on readily available peri- and postoperative parameters.

METHODS
Our bicentric retrospective data analysis from January 2014 to December 2019 of established risk parameters for dismal outcome was used to train and test a model to predict postoperative survival within the first 30 days. The Freiburg training data consisted of 780 procedures; the Heidelberg test data comprised 985 procedures. STAT mortality score, age, aortic cross-clamp time and postoperative lactate values over 24 h were considered.

RESULTS
Our model showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 94.86%, specificity of 89.48% and sensitivity of 85.00%, resulting in 3 false negatives and 99 false positives.
The STAT mortality score and the aortic cross-clamp time each showed a statistically highly significant impact on postoperative mortality. Interestingly, a child’s age was barely statistically significant. Postoperative lactate values indicated an increased mortality risk if they were either constantly at a high level or low during the first 8 h postoperatively with an increase afterwards.
When considering parameters available before, at the end of and 24 h after surgery, the predictive power of the complete model achieved the highest AUC. This, compared to the already high predictive power alone (AUC 88.9%) of the STAT mortality score, translates to an error reduction of 53.5%.

CONCLUSIONS
Our model predicts postoperative survival after congenital heart surgery with great accuracy. Compared with preoperative risk assessments, our postoperative risk assessment reduces prediction error by half. Heightened awareness of high-risk patients should improve preventive measures and thus patient safety.
Serotonergic Neurotransmission in Limbic Regions May Reflect Therapeutic Response of Depressive Patients: A PET Study With 11C-WAY-100635 and 18F-MPPF
Authors: Kitamura Soichiro , Kimura Yasuyuki , Takahata Keisuke , Moriguchi Sho , Kubota Manabu , Shimada Hitoshi , Endo Hironobu , Takado Yuhei , Kawamura Kazunori , Zhang Ming-Rong , Suhara Tetsuya , Higuchi Makoto 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) neurotransmission has been implicated in the etiology of depression. Most antidepressants ameliorate depressive symptoms by increasing 5-HT at synaptic clefts, but their effect on 5-HT receptors has yet to be clarified. 11C-WAY-100635 and 18F-MPPF are positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands for 5-HT1A receptors. While binding of both ligands reflects 5-HT1A receptor density, 18F-MPPF biding may also be affected by extracellular 5-HT concentrations. This dual-tracer PET study explored the neurochemical substrates underlying antidepressant effects in patients with depression.

Methods
Eleven patients with depression, including 9 treated with antidepressants, and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals underwent PET scans with 11C-WAY-100635 and 18F-MPPF. Radioligand binding was determined by calculating the nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND).

Results
Patients treated with antidepressants showed significantly lower 18F-MPPF BPND in neocortical regions and raphe nuclei, but not in limbic regions, than controls. No significant group differences in 11C-WAY-100635 BPND were found in any of the regions. Significant correlations of BPND between 11C-WAY-100635 and 18F-MPPF were observed in limbic regions and raphe nuclei of healthy controls, but no such associations were found in antidepressant-treated patients. Moreover, 18F-MPPF BPND in limbic regions was significantly correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
These results suggest a diversity of antidepressant-induced extracellular 5-HT elevations in the limbic system among depressive patients, which is associated with the individual variability of clinical symptoms following the treatment.
Lossy compression of general random variables
Authors: Riegler Erwin , Koliander Günther , Bölcskei Helmut 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the lossy compression of general random variables, specifically with rate-distortion theory and quantization of random variables taking values in general measurable spaces such as, e.g. manifolds and fractal sets. Manifold structures are prevalent in data science, e.g. in compressed sensing, machine learning, image processing and handwritten digit recognition. Fractal sets find application in image compression and in the modeling of Ethernet traffic. Our main contributions are bounds on the rate-distortion function and the quantization error. These bounds are very general and essentially only require the existence of reference measures satisfying certain regularity conditions in terms of small ball probabilities. To illustrate the wide applicability of our results, we particularize them to random variables taking values in (i) manifolds, namely, hyperspheres and Grassmannians and (ii) self-similar sets characterized by iterated function systems satisfying the weak separation property.
Finite volumes for the Stefan–Maxwell cross-diffusion system
Authors: Cancès Clément , Ehrlacher Virginie , Monasse Laurent 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to propose a provably convergent finite volume scheme for the so-called Stefan–Maxwell model, which describes the evolution of the composition of a multi-component mixture and reads as a cross-diffusion system. The scheme proposed here relies on a two-point flux approximation, and preserves at the discrete level some fundamental theoretical properties of the continuous models, namely the non-negativity of the solutions, the conservation of mass and the preservation of the volume-filling constraints. In addition, the scheme satisfies a discrete entropy–entropy dissipation relation, very close to the relation that holds at the continuous level. In this article, we present this scheme together with its numerical analysis, and finally illustrate its behaviour with some numerical results.
De Novo Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Decoy NL-CVX1 Protects Mice From Severe Disease After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Rebelo Maria , Tang Cong , Coelho Ana R , Labão-Almeida Carlos , Schneider Matthias M , Tatalick Laurie , Ruivo Pedro , de Miranda Marta Pires , Gomes Andreia , Carvalho Tânia , Walker Matthew J , Ausserwoeger Hannes , Pedro Simas J , Veldhoen Marc , Knowles Tuomas P J , Silva Daniel-Adriano , Shoultz David , Bernardes Gonçalo J L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The emergence of novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underscores the need to investigate alternative approaches to prevent infection and treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Here, we report the preclinical efficacy of NL-CVX1, a de novo decoy that blocks virus entry into cells by binding with nanomolar affinity and high specificity to the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Using a transgenic mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we showed that a single prophylactic intranasal dose of NL-CVX1 conferred complete protection from severe disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multiple therapeutic administrations of NL-CVX1 also protected mice from succumbing to infection. Finally, we showed that infected mice treated with NL-CVX1 developed both anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and memory T cells and were protected against reinfection a month after treatment. Overall, these observations suggest NL-CVX1 is a promising therapeutic candidate for preventing and treating severe SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Ebola Virus Disease Features Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activation Syndrome in the Rhesus Macaque Model
Authors: Liu David X , Pahar Bapi , Cooper Timothy K , Perry Donna L , Xu Huanbin , Huzella Louis M , Adams Ricky D , Hischak Amanda M W , Hart Randy J , Bernbaum Rebecca , Rivera Deja , Anthony Scott , Claire Marisa St , Byrum Russell , Cooper Kurt , Reeder Rebecca , Kurtz Jonathan , Hadley Kyra , Wada Jiro , Crozier Ian , Worwa Gabriella , Bennett Richard S , Warren Travis , Holbrook Michael R , Schmaljohn Connie S , Hensley Lisa E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) is one of the most severe and fatal viral hemorrhagic fevers and appears to mimic many clinical and laboratory manifestations of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome (HLS), also known as macrophage activation syndrome. However, a clear association is yet to be firmly established for effective host-targeted, immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in patients with severe EVD.

Methods
Twenty-four rhesus monkeys were exposed intramuscularly to the EBOV Kikwit isolate and euthanized at prescheduled time points or when they reached the end-stage disease criteria. Three additional monkeys were mock-exposed and used as uninfected controls.

Results
EBOV-exposed monkeys presented with clinicopathologic features of HLS, including fever, multiple organomegaly, pancytopenia, hemophagocytosis, hyperfibrinogenemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercytokinemia, increased concentrations of soluble CD163 and CD25 in serum, and the loss of activated natural killer cells.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that EVD in the rhesus macaque model mimics pathophysiologic features of HLS/macrophage activation syndrome. Hence, regulating inflammation and immune function might provide an effective treatment for controlling the pathogenesis of acute EVD.
Human Papillomavirus 16 Lineage A Variants Associated With Persistent Genital Infections in Men: The HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study
Authors: Ferreira Matthew Thomas , Mendoza López Rossana Veronica , Gonçalves Milena Giulia , Ferreira Silvaneide , Sirak Bradley , Baggio Maria Luizai , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Nyitray Alan G , Giuliano Anna R , Villa Luisa L , Sichero Laura ,   for the HIM Study group, Lin Huiyi , Messina Jane , Campbell Christine Pierce , Sirak Bradley , Gage Christine , Ingles Donna J , Isaacs Kim , Kennedy Kayoko , Bobanic Andrea , Rahman Shams , Schabath Matthew , Nyitray Alan , Rathwell Julie , de Paula Lenice Galan , Cintra Ricardo , Cernicchiaro Filomena , Ribeiro Graça , Otero Rosária , Bocalon Roberta , Antunes Juliana , Silva Fernanda , Terreri Rossana , Valdez Aurelio Cruz , de Jesús Alvear Vásquez René , Juárez Oscar Rojas , del Carmen González Sosa Rossana , Vences Rosangel Ríos , Segura Martha Huerta , Galván Alicia Rodríguez , Rodríguez Paula Román , Vélez Ana Laura Landa , García Griselda Díaz , Abarca Verónica Chávez , Quevedo Gisela Flores , del Pilar Hernández Nevárez María , Martínez Guillermina Sánchez , Rojas Adriana Ortiz , Flores Carlos Omar Barrera , Mangone Flavia Rotea , Pavanelli Ana Carolina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 non-A lineage variants have higher carcinogenic potential for cervical cancer. HPV-16 variants natural history among males is not established. We evaluated HPV-16 variants prevalence and persistence in the external genitalia of men enrolled in the prospective HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study.

Methods
The HIM Study included men from the United States, Brazil, and Mexico. HPV-16 variants were distinguished using polymerase chain reaction sequencing. The prevalence of HPV-16 variants was assessed, and associations with infection persistence were estimated.

Results
We characterized the HPV-16 variants for 1700 genital swab samples from 753 men and 22 external genital lesions in 17 men. The prevalence of HPV-16 lineages differed by country and marital status (P &lt; .001). Overall, 90.9% of participants harbored lineage A variants. The prevalence of non-A lineages was heterogenous among countries. HPV-16 lineage A variants were associated with a 2.69-fold increased risk of long-term persistent infections compared with non-A lineages. All high-grade penile intraepithelial neoplasia harbored lineage A variants and occurred in the context of long-term persistent infections with the same variants.

Conclusions
The prevalence and persistence of HPV-16 variants observed at the male external genitalia suggest differences in the natural history of these variants between men and women, which may be associated with intrinsic differences in the infected genital epithelia.
Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections in the PROVENT Prevention Trial Were Not Associated With AZD7442 (Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab) Resistant Variants
Authors: Tuffy Kevin M , Ahani Bahar , Aksyuk Anastasia A , Avila Miles , Brady Tyler , Kijak Gustavo H , Koh Gavin , Levin Myron J , Roe Tiffany L , Schuko Nicolette , Thissen Jesse , Ustianowski Andrew , Zhang Tianhui , Kelly Elizabeth J , Streicher Katie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
We report spike protein-based lineage and AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) neutralizing activity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants identified from breakthrough infections in the PROVENT preexposure prophylaxis trial.

Methods
Variants identified from PROVENT participants with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction-positive symptomatic illness were phenotypically assessed to determine neutralization susceptibility of variant-specific pseudotyped virus-like particles.

Results
At completion of 6 months' follow-up, no AZD7442-resistant variants were observed in breakthrough coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers were similar in breakthrough and nonbreakthrough cases.

Conclusions
Symptomatic COVID-19 breakthrough cases in PROVENT were not due to resistance-associated substitutions in AZD7442 binding sites or lack of AZD7442 exposure.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04625725.