bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sign changes of fourier coefficients of holomorphic cusp forms at norm form arguments
Authors: MANGEREL ALEXANDER P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLetfbe a non-CM Hecke eigencusp form of level 1 and fixed weight, and let$\{\lambda_f(n)\}_n$be its sequence of normalised Fourier coefficients. We show that if$K/ \mathbb{Q}$is any number field, and$\mathcal{N}_K$denotes the collection of integers representable as norms of integral ideals ofK, then a positive proportion of the positive integers$n \in \mathcal{N}_K$yield a sign change for the sequence$\{\lambda_f(n)\}_{n \in \mathcal{N}_K}$. More precisely, for a positive proportion of$n \in \mathcal{N}_K \cap [1,X]$we have$\lambda_f(n)\lambda_f(n') < 0$, wheren′is the first element of$\mathcal{N}_K$greater thannfor which$\lambda_f(n') \neq 0$.For example, for$K = \mathbb{Q}(i)$and$\mathcal{N}_K = \{m^2+n^2 \;:\; m,n \in \mathbb{Z}\}$the set of sums of two squares, we obtain$\gg_f X/\sqrt{\log X}$such sign changes, which is best possible (up to the implicit constant) and improves upon work of Banerjee and Pandey. Our proof relies on recent work of Matomäki and Radziwiłł on sparsely-supported multiplicative functions, together with some technical refinements of their results due to the author.In a related vein, we also consider the question of sign changes along shifted sums of two squares, for which multiplicative techniques do not directly apply. Using estimates for shifted convolution sums among other techniques, we establish that for any fixed$a \neq 0$there are$\gg_{f,\varepsilon} X^{1/2-\varepsilon}$sign changes for$\lambda_f$along the sequence of integers of the form$a + m^2 + n^2 \leq X$.
HIV sero-status of healthcare workers in Addis Ababa public hospitals post exposure to infected blood and body fluids: A cross-sectional study, October 2022
Authors: Tegegne Ousman Adal , Adissie Asmamaw Abebe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study investigated the sero-status of human immunodeficiency virus among healthcare workers in Addis Ababa public hospitals. A multi-centered, institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from 18 September 2022 to 30 October 2022. A simple random sampling method and a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire were used to collect the data, which were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with the human immunodeficiency virus sero-status of healthcare workers post exposure to infected blood and body fluids. Of the 420 study participants who were exposed to blood and body fluids, 403 (96%) were non-reactive. Healthcare workers who had 20–29 years of work experience had approximately six times higher odds of testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (AOR = 6.21, 95% CI: 2.39, 9.55). Healthcare workers who did not use personal protective equipment properly had five times higher odds of testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (AOR = 5.02, CI: 3.73, 9.51). This study showed that, among those healthcare workers who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus infection, the majority were from the emergency department. Healthcare workers who did not use personal protective equipment properly had higher odds of testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus.
Pro-inflammatory markers are associated with response to sequential pharmacotherapy in major depressive disorder: a CAN-BIND-1 report
Authors: Husain M. Ishrat , Foster Jane A. , Mason Brittany L. , Chen Sheng , Zhao Haoyu , Wang Wei , Rotzinger Susan , Rizvi Sakina , Ho Keith , Lam Raymond , MacQueen Glenda , Milev Roumen , Frey Benicio N. , Müller Daniel , Turecki Gustavo , Jha Manish , Trivedi Madhukar , Kennedy Sidney H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThere is limited literature on associations between inflammatory tone and response to sequential pharmacotherapies in major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsIn a 16-week open-label clinical trial, 211 participants with MDD were treated with escitalopram 10–20 mg daily for 8 weeks. Responders continued escitalopram while non-responders received adjunctive aripiprazole 2–10 mg daily for 8 weeks. Plasma levels of pro-inflammatory markers—C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, interferon-gamma (IFN)-Γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Chemokine C–C motif ligand-2 (CCL-2)—measured at baseline, and after 2, 8 and 16 weeks were included in logistic regression analyzes to assess associations between inflammatory markers and treatment response.ResultsPre-treatment IFN-Γ and CCL-2 levels were significantly associated with a lower of odds of response to escitalopram at 8 weeks. Increases in CCL-2 levels from weeks 8 to 16 in escitalopram non-responders were significantly associated with higher odds of non-response to adjunctive aripiprazole at week 16.ConclusionHigher pre-treatment levels of IFN-Γ and CCL-2 were associated with non-response to escitalopram. Increasing levels of these pro-inflammatory markers may be associated with non-response to adjunctive aripiprazole. These findings require validation in independent clinical populations.
Analysis of transmission performance on wireless power transfer system with metamaterial
Authors: Fan Xingming , Zhang Haonan , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn order to solve the problems of low power transfer efficiency (PTE) and limited distance in magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT) technology. In this paper, based on the magnetic field control ability of metamaterials (MMs), the way to improve the performance of MCR-WPT systems is studied. First, the influence of MMs on the coupling of MCR-WPT system is theoretically analyzed by establishing an equivalent circuit model. Through a series of simulations and experiments, the relationships between the PTE and the array and placement of the MM slab are investigated. The results demonstrate that when one MM slab is placed in the middle, near the Tx coil or the Rx coil, the optimal PTE can be obtained by inserting one slab with $6 \times 6$, $1 \times 1$, and $6 \times 6$ arrays, respectively. Moreover, the systems with multilayer MM slabs are also studied. The measured PTEs on one, two, and three layers of MM slabs can increase by 20.6%, 29.3%, and 22.6%, respectively. The efficiency improvement capability of one MM slab is better than three slabs but worse than two slabs. This paper discusses the application of MMs in MCR-WPT systems, which has a certain reference significance.
A miniaturized UWB bandpass filter with tunable cut-off frequencies employing rectangular open-loop defected ground structure
Authors: Verma Ravi Prakash , Sahu Bhagirath , Gupta Ashish 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article presents a compact rectangular impedance resonator (RIR)–based ultra-wideband bandpass filter with an improved reflection coefficient within the passband and controllable cut-off frequencies. The proposed filter consists of anti-parallel coupled RIR coupled with rectangular open-loop defected ground structure (ROL-DGS) etched on the ground plane. The ROL-DGS ensures better in-band and out-off-band characteristics with reduced size due to its high Q-factor. The short- and open-circuit stubs control the lower (fCL) and upper (fCU) 3-dB cut-off frequencies, respectively, by originating transmission zeros independently with the help of variations in design parameters. As a result, the filter having a compact size of 0.216λCL × 0.176λCL is achieved, where λCL is the corresponding guided wavelength at the lower cut-off frequency fCL of 2.95 GHz. Further, an equivalent circuit is also modeled to explain the working of the proposed filter, and equivalent lumped parameters were extracted. Simulated results reveal that the reported filter passes the frequencies effectively within 2.95–11.44 GHz with fractional bandwidth of 117.9%. The simulated insertion loss values within the passband are less than 1.17 dB, and the reflection coefficient is better than −19.6 dB. Further, the proposed filter is fabricated, and it was found that the measured and simulation results are in well agreement.
Effects of Low‐Level Jets on Near‐Surface Turbulence and Wind Direction Changes in the Nocturnal Boundary Layer
Authors: Yang Bai , Finn Dennis , Rich Jason , Gao Zhongming , Liu Heping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study we examined a data set of nearly two‐year collection and investigated the effects of low‐level jets (LLJ) on near‐surface turbulence, especially wind direction changes, in the nocturnal boundary layer. Typically, nocturnal boundary layer is thermally stratified and stable. When wind profiles exhibit low gradient (in the absence of LLJ), it is characterized by very weak turbulence and very large, abrupt, but intermittent wind direction changes (∆WD) in the layers near the surface. In contrast, presence of LLJs can cause dramatic changes through inducing wind velocity shears, enhancing vertical mixing, and weakening the thermal stratification underneath. Ultimately, bulk Richardson number (Rb) is reduced and weakly stable conditions prevail, leading to active turbulence, close coupling across the layers between the LLJ height and ground surface, relatively large vertical momentum and sensible heat fluxes, and suppressed ∆WD values. Rb can be a useful parameter in assessing turbulence strength and ∆WD as well. The dependence of ∆WD on Rb appears to be well defined under weakly stable conditions (0.0 < Rb ≤ 0.25) and ∆WD is generally confined to small values. However, the relationship between ΔWD and Rb breaks when Rb increases, especially Rb > 1.0 (very stable conditions), under which ΔWD varies across a very wide range and the potential for large ΔWD increases greatly. Our findings have provided important implications to the plume dispersion in the nocturnal boundary layers.
Modifications of 24-h movement behaviors to prevent obesity in retirement: a natural experiment using compositional data analysis
Authors: Suorsa Kristin , Gupta Nidhi , Leskinen Tuija , Andersen Lars L. , Pasanen Jesse , Hettiarachchi Pasan , Johansson Peter J. , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundRetirement often leads to a more passive lifestyle and may therefore lead to weight gain. This study aims to investigate longitudinal associations between changes in 24-h movement behaviors and BMI and waist circumference in relation to the transition from work to retirement.MethodsThe study population included 213 retiring public sector workers (mean age 63.5 years, standard deviation 1.1) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. Before and after retirement participants wore an Axivity accelerometer on their thigh and filled in a daily log for at least four days to measure daily time spent sleeping, in sedentary behavior (SED), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Also, their body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured repeatedly. Compositional linear regression analysis and isotemporal substitution analysis were used to study associations between one-year changes in 24-h movement behaviors and concurrent changes in BMI and waist circumference.ResultsAn increase in MVPA in relation to sleep, SED and LPA was associated with a decreasing BMI (β = −0.60,p = 0.04) and waist circumference (β = −2.14,p = 0.05) over one year from before retirement to after retirement. In contrast, increasing sleep in relation to SED, LPA and MVPA was associated with an increasing BMI (β = 1.34,p = 0.02). Reallocating 60 min from MVPA to SED or sleep was estimated to increase BMI by on average 0.8–0.9 kg/m2and waist circumference by 3.0 cm during one year.ConclusionsDuring the transition from work to retirement, increasing MVPA was associated with a slight decrease in BMI and waist circumference, whereas increasing sleep was associated with an increasing BMI. Common life transitions, like retirement, should be considered when giving recommendations and guidance for physical activity and sleep.
Observation of Zitterbewegung in photonic microcavities
Authors: Lovett Seth , Walker Paul M. , Osipov Alexey , Yulin Alexey , Naik Pooja Uday , Whittaker Charles E. , Shelykh Ivan A. , Skolnick Maurice S. , Krizhanovskii Dmitry N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present and experimentally study the effects of the photonic spin–orbit coupling on the real space propagation of polariton wavepackets in planar semiconductor microcavities and polaritonic analogues of graphene. In particular, we demonstrate the appearance of an analogue Zitterbewegung effect, a term which translates as ‘trembling motion’ in English, which was originally proposed for relativistic Dirac electrons and consisted of the oscillations of the centre of mass of a wavepacket in the direction perpendicular to its propagation. For a planar microcavity, we observe regular Zitterbewegung oscillations whose amplitude and period depend on the wavevector of the polaritons. We then extend these results to a honeycomb lattice of coupled microcavity resonators. Compared to the planar cavity, such lattices are inherently more tuneable and versatile, allowing simulation of the Hamiltonians of a wide range of important physical systems. We observe an oscillation pattern related to the presence of the spin-split Dirac cones in the dispersion. In both cases, the experimentally observed oscillations are in good agreement with theoretical modelling and independently measured bandstructure parameters, providing strong evidence for the observation of Zitterbewegung.
Acute effects of intravenous DMT in a randomized placebo-controlled study in healthy participants
Authors: Vogt Severin B. , Ley Laura , Erne Livio , Straumann Isabelle , Becker Anna M. , Klaiber Aaron , Holze Friederike , Vandersmissen Anja , Mueller Lorenz , Duthaler Urs , Rudin Deborah , Luethi Dino , Varghese Nimmy , Eckert Anne , Liechti Matthias E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractN,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is distinct among classic serotonergic psychedelics because of its short-lasting effects when administered intravenously. Despite growing interest in the experimental and therapeutic use of intravenous DMT, data are lacking on its clinical pharmacology. We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 27 healthy participants to test different intravenous DMT administration regimens: placebo, low infusion (0.6 mg/min), high infusion (1 mg/min), low bolus + low infusion (15 mg + 0.6 mg/min), and high bolus + high infusion (25 mg + 1 mg/min). Study sessions lasted for 5 h and were separated by at least 1 week. Participant’s lifetime use of psychedelics was ≤20 times. Outcome measures included subjective, autonomic, and adverse effects, pharmacokinetics of DMT, and plasma levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and oxytocin. Low (15 mg) and high (25 mg) DMT bolus doses rapidly induced very intense psychedelic effects that peaked within 2 min. DMT infusions (0.6 or 1 mg/min) without a bolus induced slowly increasing and dose-dependent psychedelic effects that reached plateaus after 30 min. Both bolus doses produced more negative subjective effects and anxiety than infusions. After stopping the infusion, all drug effects rapidly decreased and completely subsided within 15 min, consistent with a short early plasma elimination half-life (t1/2α) of 5.0–5.8 min, followed by longer late elimination (t1/2β = 14–16 min) after 15–20 min. Subjective effects of DMT were stable from 30 to 90 min, despite further increasing plasma concentrations, thus indicating acute tolerance to continuous DMT administration. Intravenous DMT, particularly when administered as an infusion, is a promising tool for the controlled induction of a psychedelic state that can be tailored to the specific needs of patients and therapeutic sessions.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04353024
Lightning at Jupiter pulsates with a similar rhythm as in-cloud lightning at Earth
Authors: Kolmašová Ivana , Santolík Ondřej , Imai Masafumi , Kurth William S. , Hospodarsky George B. , Connerney John E. P. , Bolton Scott J. , Lán Radek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOur knowledge about the fine structure of lightning processes at Jupiter was substantially limited by the time resolution of previous measurements. Recent observations of the Juno mission revealed electromagnetic signals of Jovian rapid whistlers at a cadence of a few lightning discharges per second, comparable to observations of return strokes at Earth. The duration of these discharges was below a few milliseconds and below one millisecond in the case of Jovian dispersed pulses, which were also discovered by Juno. However, it was still uncertain if Jovian lightning processes have the fine structure of steps corresponding to phenomena known from thunderstorms at Earth. Here we show results collected by the Juno Waves instrument during 5 years of measurements at 125-microsecond resolution. We identify radio pulses with typical time separations of one millisecond, which suggest step-like extensions of lightning channels and indicate that Jovian lightning initiation processes are similar to the initiation of intracloud lightning at Earth.
Co-crystal structures of the fluorogenic aptamer Beetroot show that close homology may not predict similar RNA architecture
Authors: Passalacqua Luiz F. M. , Starich Mary R. , Link Katie A. , Wu Jiahui , Knutson Jay R. , Tjandra Nico , Jaffrey Samie R. , Ferré-D’Amaré Adrian R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBeetroot is a homodimeric in vitro selected RNA that binds and activates DFAME, a conditional fluorophore derived from GFP. It is 70% sequence-identical to the previously characterized homodimeric aptamer Corn, which binds one molecule of its cognate fluorophore DFHO at its interprotomer interface. We have now determined the Beetroot-DFAME co-crystal structure at 1.95 Å resolution, discovering that this RNA homodimer binds two molecules of the fluorophore, at sites separated by ~30 Å. In addition to this overall architectural difference, the local structures of the non-canonical, complex quadruplex cores of Beetroot and Corn are distinctly different, underscoring how subtle RNA sequence differences can give rise to unexpected structural divergence. Through structure-guided engineering, we generated a variant that has a 12-fold fluorescence activation selectivity switch toward DFHO. Beetroot and this variant form heterodimers and constitute the starting point for engineered tags whose through-space inter-fluorophore interaction could be used to monitor RNA dimerization.
Pressure dependence in aqueous-based electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Huang Liang , Gao Ge , Yang Chaobo , Li Xiao-Yan , Miao Rui Kai , Xue Yanrong , Xie Ke , Ou Pengfei , Yavuz Cafer T. , Han Yu , Magnotti Gaetano , Sinton David , Sargent Edward H. , Lu Xu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) is an approach to closing the carbon cycle for chemical synthesis. To date, the field has focused on the electrolysis of ambient pressure CO2. However, industrial CO2 is pressurized—in capture, transport and storage—and is often in dissolved form. Here, we find that pressurization to 50 bar steers CO2R pathways toward formate, something seen across widely-employed CO2R catalysts. By developing operando methods compatible with high pressures, including quantitative operando Raman spectroscopy, we link the high formate selectivity to increased CO2 coverage on the cathode surface. The interplay of theory and experiments validates the mechanism, and guides us to functionalize the surface of a Cu cathode with a proton-resistant layer to further the pressure-mediated selectivity effect. This work illustrates the value of industrial CO2 sources as the starting feedstock for sustainable chemical synthesis.
Rootstock–scion interaction affects Malus transcriptome profiles in response to cadmium
Authors: Huang Yijin , Sun Luyang , Wang Jiale , Chen Yahui , He Jiali , Lyu Deguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractApple production is threatened by cadmium contamination in orchards. Cd accumulation and tolerance in grafted Malus plants is affected by rootstock, scion, and their interaction. This dataset is part of an experiment investigating the molecular mechanism of Cd bioaccumulation and tolerance in different apple rootstock-scion combinations. We exposed four rootstock–scion combinations to Cd treatment consisting of Hanfu and Fuji apple (Malus domestica) scions grafted onto apple rootstocks of M. baccata or M. micromalus “qingzhoulinqin”. RNA sequencing was conducted in roots and leaves of grafting combinations under 0 or 50 μM CdCl2 conditions. A comprehensive transcriptional dataset of affected rootstock, scion, and their interaction among different graft combinations was obtained. This dataset provides new insights in the transcriptional control of Cd bioaccumulation and tolerance in grafting plants regulated by rootstock and scion. Herein, we discuss the molecular mechanism underlying Cd absorption and bioaccumulation.
Changes in total cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease risk among type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Khil Jaewon , Kim Sung Min , Chang Jooyoung , Choi Seulggie , Lee Gyeongsil , Son Joung Sik , Park Sang Min , Keum NaNa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite many diabetic patients having hypercholesterolemia, the association of total cholesterol (TC) levels with CVD risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients is unclear. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes often leads to changes in total cholesterol (TC) levels. Thus, we examined whether changes in TC levels from pre- to post-diagnosis of T2D were associated with CVD risk. From the National Health Insurance Service Cohort, 23,821 individuals diagnosed with T2D from 2003 to 2012 were followed-up for non-fatal CVD incidence through 2015. Two measurements of TC, 2 years before and after T2D diagnosis, were classified into 3 levels (low, middle, high) to define changes in cholesterol levels. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to estimate adjusted hazards ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between changes in cholesterol levels and CVD risk. Subgroup analyses were performed by use of lipid-lowering drugs. Compared with low–low, aHR of CVD was 1.31 [1.10–1.56] for low–middle and 1.80 [1.15–2.83] for low–high. Compared with middle–middle, aHR of CVD was 1.10 [0.92–1.31] for middle–high but 0.83 [0.73–0.94] for middle–low. Compared with high–high, aHR of CVD was 0.68 [0.56–0.83] for high–middle and 0.65 [0.49–0.86] for high–low. The associations were observed regardless of use of lipid-lowering drugs. For diabetic patients, management of TC levels may be important to lower CVD risk.