bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between aortic peak wall stress and rupture index with abdominal aortic aneurysm–related events
Authors: Singh Tejas P. , Moxon Joseph V. , Gasser T. Christian , Jenkins Jason , Bourke Michael , Bourke Benard , Golledge Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess whether aortic peak wall stress (PWS) and peak wall rupture index (PWRI) were associated with the risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture or repair (defined as AAA events) among participants with small AAAs.

Methods
PWS and PWRI were estimated from computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans of 210 participants with small AAAs (≥ 30 and  ≤ 50 mm) prospectively recruited between 2002 and 2016 from two existing databases. Participants were followed for a median of 2.0 (inter-quartile range 1.9, 2.8) years to record the incidence of AAA events. The associations between PWS and PWRI with AAA events were assessed using Cox proportional hazard analyses. The ability of PWS and PWRI to reclassify the risk of AAA events compared to the initial AAA diameter was examined using net reclassification index (NRI) and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.

Results
After adjusting for other risk factors, one standard deviation increase in PWS (hazard ratio, HR, 1.56, 95% confidence intervals, CI 1.19, 2.06; p = 0.001) and PWRI (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.29, 2.34; p < 0.001) were associated with significantly higher risks of AAA events. In the CART analysis, PWRI was identified as the best single predictor of AAA events at a cut-off value of  > 0.562. PWRI, but not PWS, significantly improved the classification of risk of AAA events compared to the initial AAA diameter alone.

Conclusion
PWS and PWRI predicted the risk of AAA events but only PWRI significantly improved the risk stratification compared to aortic diameter alone.

Key Points
• Aortic diameter is an imperfect measure of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk.
• This observational study of 210 participants found that peak wall stress (PWS) and peak wall rupture index (PWRI) predicted the risk of aortic rupture or AAA repair.
• PWRI, but not PWS, significantly improved the risk stratification for AAA events compared to aortic diameter alone.
Dietary magnesium intake is related to larger brain volumes and lower white matter lesions with notable sex differences
Authors: Alateeq Khawlah , Walsh Erin I. , Cherbuin Nicolas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the association between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake and brain volumes and white matter lesions (WMLs) in middle to early old age.

Methods
Participants (aged 40–73 years) from UK Biobank (n = 6001) were included and stratified by sex. Dietary Mg was measured using an online computerised 24 h recall questionnaire to estimate daily Mg intake. Latent class analysis and hierarchical linear regression models were performed to investigate the association between baseline dietary Mg, Mg trajectories, and brain volumes and WMLs. Associations between baseline Mg, and baseline blood pressure (BP) measures, and baseline Mg, Mg trajectories and BP changes (between baseline and wave 2) were also investigated to assess whether BP mediates the link between Mg intake and brain health. All analyses controlled for health and socio-demographic covariates. Possible interactions between menopausal status and Mg trajectories in predicting brain volumes and WMLs were also investigated.

Results
On average, higher baseline dietary Mg intake was associated with larger brain volumes (gray matter [GM]: 0.001% [SE = 0.0003]; left hippocampus [LHC]: 0.0013% [SE = 0.0006]; and right hippocampus [RHC]: 0.0023% [SE = 0.0006]) in both men and women. Latent class analysis of Mg intake revealed three classes: “high-decreasing” (men = 3.2%, women = 1.9%), “low-increasing” (men = 1.09%, women = 1.62%), and “stable normal” (men = 95.71%, women = 96.51%). In women, only the “high-decreasing” trajectory was significantly associated with larger brain volumes (GM: 1.17%, [SE = 0.58]; and RHC: 2.79% [SE = 1.11]) compared to the “normal-stable”, the “low-increasing” trajectory was associated with smaller brain volumes (GM: − 1.67%, [SE = 0.30]; white matter [WM]: − 0.85% [SE = 0.42]; LHC: − 2.43% [SE = 0.59]; and RHC: − 1.50% [SE = 0.57]) and larger WMLs (1.6% [SE = 0.53]). Associations between Mg and BP measures were mostly non-significant. Furthermore, the observed neuroprotective effect of higher dietary Mg intake in the “high-decreasing” trajectory appears to be greater in post-menopausal than pre-menopausal women.

Conclusions
Higher dietary Mg intake is related to better brain health in the general population, and particularly in women.
Correlation between psychological resilience and burnout syndrome in oncologists amid the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Budisavljevic Anuska , Kelemenic-Drazin Renata , Silovski Tajana , Plestina Stjepko , Plavetic Natalija Dedic 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Oncologists are predisposed to developing burnout syndrome. Like other health care professionals worldwide, oncologists have endured additional, extreme challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic. Psychological resilience presents a potential protective mechanism against burnout. This cross-sectional study examines whether psychological resilience eased burnout syndrome among Croatian oncologists during the pandemic.

Methods
An anonymized self-reporting questionnaire was electronically distributed by the Croatian Society for Medical Oncology to 130 specialist and resident oncologists working in hospitals. Available for completion from September 6–24, 2021, the survey comprised demographic questions; the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), covering exhaustion and disengagement; and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The response rate was 57.7%.

Results
Burnout was moderate or high for 86% of respondents, while 77% had moderate or high psychological resilience. Psychological resilience was significantly negatively correlated with the OLBI exhaustion subscale (r =  − .54; p < 0.001) and the overall OLBI score (r =  − .46; p < 0.001). Scheffe’s post hoc test showed that oncologists with high resilience scored significantly lower on the overall OLBI (M = 2.89; SD = 0.487) compared to oncologists with low resilience (M = 2.52; SD = 0.493).

Conclusion
The findings thus indicate that oncologists with high psychological resilience are at significantly lower risk of developing burnout syndrome. Accordingly, convenient measures to encourage psychological resilience in oncologists should be identified and implemented.
Yield Traits of Red Radish Seeds Obtained from Plants Produced from γ-Irradiated Seeds and Their Oil Characteristics
Authors: Aly Amina A. , Maraei Rabab W. , Sharafeldin Reem G. , Safwat Gehan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRed radish is an important root crop worldwide owing to its broad adjustment, high yield, and abundant nutritional contents. So, this study was conducted on radish seeds taken from plants established from seeds that were irradiated by different dose levels of gamma-ray (10, 20, 40 and 80 Gy) as well as the un-irradiated sample (control) to evaluate the changes in seed yield traits (number of pods/plant (NPP); total weight of pods/plant (TWPP) in grams; seed yield/plant (SYP) in grams; 100-seeds weight (100-SW) in grams). Proximate composition of the seeds yield, as well as the oil yield and its physico-chemical properties plus the bioactive ingredients of this oil were concerned. The results indicated that all traits of seeds yield were highly significant for all irradiation treatments except for 100-seed weight, which was not affected by irradiation treatments, and the dose of 40 Gy gave the best traits. There is a positive effect of irradiation on most of the proximate composition, except the content of crude fiber and moisture which were decreased by irradiation treatments. Furthermore, γ‑rays improved the minerals content of red radish seeds and the dose of 80 Gy was the most effective dose for increasing the content of nitrogen, potassium, and sodium, while the dose of 20 Gy gave the highest calcium content. As for the oil, the results showed that the oil yield increased by gamma-rays and the maximum yield was gained with dose level of 20 Gy (34.80%). The fatty acids composition was affected by γ‑rays different dose levels and erucic & oleic acids were the predominant mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) while, linoleic & linolenic acids were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Concerning the physico-chemical properties of the oil samples, it was observed that irradiation decreased the iodine value, while the acid, saponification, and ester values increased in all treatments, but on the contrary, the peroxide value was not affected by irradiation. With regard to the bioactive compounds of seeds oil and their antioxidant activity, were increased by irradiation.Therefore, radish oil is considered unconventional oil and can be evaluated as an alternative to traditionally consumed vegetable oils or as additives to them.
Public authorities for transformative change: integration principle in public funding
Authors: Penca Jerneja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough science widely supports moving towards transformative change through integrating biodiversity into decision-making, and arguing for the essential role of public authorities, it falls short on suggesting specific means to that end. This article considers the EU’s approach to fostering the green transition as part of its post-pandemic recovery while exploring how the integration of biodiversity considerations could be integrated into decision-making. The rationale and implementation of the EU’sdo no harmprinciple is examined, which functioned as a condition for public funds. The analysis shows the mentioned EU policy innovation has a very limited impact. The role ofdo no harmhas been limited to validating, rather than initiating policy measures. It has failed to influence the design of measures such that they would benefit biodiversity and not encouraged synergies between the climate and biodiversity goals. Based on the experience withdo no harmas well as the more focussed regulatory action directed at the goal of climate neutrality, the article lists key steps for fostering biodiversity integration in policy planning and policy implementation. These steps encompass substantive and procedural approaches and aim for deliberation, target-setting, tracking, verification and screening. There is considerable scope for robust regulation to play a role in support of the biodiversity goals alongside transformative bottom-up initiatives.
Building Spacetime from Effective Interactions Between Quantum Fluctuations
Authors: Karlsson Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe describe how a model of effective interactions between quantum fluctuations under certain assumptions can be constructed in a way so that the large-scale limit gives an effective theory that matches general relativity (GR) in vacuum regions. This is an investigation of a possible scenario of spacetime emergence from quantum interactions directly in the spacetime, and of how effective quantum behaviour might provide a useful link between detailed properties of quantum interactions and GR. The quantum fluctuations are assumed to entangle sufficiently for a cohesive spacetime to form, so that their effective properties can be described relative to a D-dimensional reference frame. To obtain the desired features of a smooth metric with a vanishing Ricci tensor, the quantum fluctuations are modelled as Gaussian probability distributions, with a shape set relative to the interactions coming from the surroundings. At small scales, the propagation through the spacetime is modelled by a Gaussian random walk.
Residual risks and evolving atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Noothi Sunil K. , Ahmed Mohamed Radwan , Agrawal Devendra K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAtherosclerotic disease of the coronary and carotid arteries is the primary global cause of significant mortality and morbidity. The chronic occlusive diseases have changed the epidemiological landscape of health problems both in developed and the developing countries. Despite the enormous benefit of advanced revascularization techniques, use of statins, and successful attempts of targeting modifiable risk factors, like smoking and exercise in the last four decades, there is still a definite “residual risk” in the population, as evidenced by many prevalent and new cases every year. Here, we highlight the burden of the atherosclerotic diseases and provide substantial clinical evidence of the residual risks in these diseases despite advanced management settings, with emphasis on strokes and cardiovascular risks. We critically discussed the concepts and potential underlying mechanisms of the evolving atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary and carotid arteries. This has changed our understanding of the plaque biology, the progression of unstable vs stable plaques, and the evolution of plaque prior to the occurrence of a major adverse atherothrombotic event. This has been facilitated using intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, and near-infrared spectroscopy in the clinical settings to achieve surrogate end points. These techniques are now providing exquisite information on plaque size, composition, lipid volume, fibrous cap thickness and other features that were previously not possible with conventional angiography.
Multi-fidelity surrogate-based optimal design of road vehicle suspension systems
Authors: Xue Haoxiang , Gobbi Massimiliano , Matta Andrea 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRide comfort is a relevant performance for road vehicles. The suspension system can filter vibration caused by the uneven road to improve ride comfort. Optimization of the road vehicle suspension system has been extensively studied. As detailed models require significant computational effort, it becomes increasingly important to develop an efficient optimization framework. In this work, a multi-fidelity surrogate-based optimization framework based on the Approximate Normal Constraint method and Extended Kernel Regression surrogate modeling method is proposed and applied. An analytical model and a multi-body model of the suspension system are used as the low-fidelity and high-fidelity models, respectively. Compared with other well-known methods, the proposed method can provide good accuracy and high efficiency. In addition, the proposed method is applied to different types of vehicle suspension optimization problems and shows good robustness and efficiency.
Universalism and extensionalism revisited
Authors: Calosi Claudio , Giordani Alessandro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present a new notion of mereological sum that is inequivalent to extant ones in the literature and does not fall prey to reasonable complaints that can be raised against some such notions. In light of this notion, we then revisit the relation between mereological universalism and extensionalism. In particular we argue that Varzi’s claim to the point that universalism entails extensionalism is justified only insofar as one sticks to Varzi’s notion of sum. In effect, we distinguish different versions of extensionalism and argue that universalism—when cashed out in terms of our new notion of sum—entails some versions but not others. Most significantly it does not entail extensionality of proper parthood. In the light of the above we set forth a new mereological system, Universalist Quasi-Supplemented Mereology, that can be considered a worthy alternative to different mereological systems in the literature.
Effect of Alloying on the Microstructure, Phase Stability, Hardness, and Partitioning Behavior of a New Dual-Superlattice Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Rodenkirchen C. , Ackerman A. K. , Mignanelli P. M. , Cliff A. , Wise G. J. , Breul P. , Douglas J. O. , Bagot P. A. J. , Moody M. P. , Appleton M. , Ryan M. P. , Hardy M. C. , Pedrazzini S. , Stone H. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novelγ–γ′–γ″ dual-superlattice superalloy, with promising mechanical properties up to elevated temperatures was recently reported by Mignanelliet al. (in: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 & Derivatives: Energy, Aerospace, and Industrial Applications, pp 679–690, 2018). The present work employs state-of-the-art chemical and spatial characterization techniques to study the effect systematic additions of Mo, W, and Fe and variations in Nb and Al contents have on the phase fraction, thermal stability, elemental partitioning, and mechanical properties of alloys from this system. Alloys were produced through arc melting followed by heat treatment. Multi-scale characterization techniques and hardness testing were employed to characterize their microstructure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. Alterations in such properties or in elemental partitioning behavior were then explained through thermodynamic modeling. A modest addition of 1.8 at. pct Mo had a strong effect on the microstructure and thermal stability: it minimized microstructural coarsening during heat treatments while not significantly decreasing theγ′ solvus temperature. A reduction of Nb by 0.6 at. pct strongly reduced theγ″ volume fraction, without affecting theγ′ volume fraction. The reduced precipitate fraction led to a significant reduction in alloy hardness. Fe, added to achieve better processability and reduced material cost, decreased theγ′ solvus temperature and caused rapid microstructural coarsening during heat treatments, without affecting alloy hardness. A reduction of Al by 0.4 at. pct reduced theγ′ volume fraction and theγ′ solvus temperature, also without affecting alloy hardness. The addition of 0.9 at. pct W decreased theγ′ solvus temperature but increased both precipitate volume fractions. These data will be invaluable to optimize current alloy design and to inform future alloy design efforts.Graphical Abstract
The Potential of Structural Batteries for Commuter Aircraft Hybridization
Authors: Di Mauro Gennaro , Corcione Salvatore , Cusati Vincenzo , Marciello Valerio , Guida Michele , Nicolosi Fabrizio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectric or hybrid electric propulsion systems have received a great deal of attention in recent years in various branches of transportation including aviation. Europe is committed to the ambitious goals of reducing CO2 emissions by 75%, NOx emissions by 90% and perceived noise by two-thirds by the year 2050 compared to the average new aircraft of the year 2000. The main barrier of the electric propulsion is bound to the battery limits in terms of energy and power densities, thus determining a relevant negative impact on payload or aircraft size. It is possible to design and fly an electrically propelled aircraft, as testified by some existing examples, both prototypical and production models, in the categories of ultralight and general aviation aircraft. A novel technology, which allows the electrification process toward heavier categories of aircraft, is constituted by structural batteries. These are similar in structure to carbon fiber composites, where the matrix features dielectric characteristics, making the structure capable of storing electric energy while retaining the capability to withstand mechanical loads. Despite that, it raises relevant issues concerning aircraft sizing procedures that need to be conceived considering the specific characteristics of such multifunctional technology. This research work aims to evaluate the potential benefits the structural batteries have on the fuel burn for a 11-seater commuter aircraft. According to the envisaged technologies (structural batteries), this work will focus on the determination of the best hybridization factors determining the energy requirements for the typical mission of a commuter aircraft.
A Two-Tier GAN Architecture for Conditioned Expressions Synthesis on Categorical Emotions
Authors: Lambiase Paolo Domenico , Rossi Alessandra , Rossi Silvia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Emotions are an effective communication mode during human–human and human–robot interactions. However, while humans can easily understand other people’s emotions, and they are able to show emotions with natural facial expressions, robot-simulated emotions still represent an open challenge also due to a lack of naturalness and variety of possible expressions. In this direction, we present a two-tier Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) architecture that generates facial expressions starting from categorical emotions (e.g. joy, sadness, etc.) to obtain a variety of synthesised expressions for each emotion. The proposed approach combines the key features of Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (CGAN) and GANimation, overcoming their limits by allowing fine modelling of facial expressions, and generating a wide range of expressions for each class (i.e., discrete emotion). The architecture is composed of two modules for generating a synthetic Action Units (AU, i.e., a coding mechanism representing facial muscles and their activation) vector conditioned on a given emotion, and for applying an AU vector to a given image. The overall model is capable of modifying an image of a human face by modelling the facial expression to show a specific discrete emotion. Qualitative and quantitative measurements have been performed to evaluate the ability of the network to generate a variety of expressions that are consistent with the conditioned emotion. Moreover, we also collected people’s responses about the quality and the legibility of the produced expressions by showing them applied to images and a social robot.
The potential impact of COVID-19 disease caused multi-organ injuries on patients' surgical outcomes
Authors: Rampes Sanketh , Ma Daqing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To provide an expert commentary on the impact of prior COVID-19 infection on patient’s surgical outcomes and postoperative recovery. To highlight the need for greater focus on peri-operative care of patients who have recovered from COVID-19.

Methods
A narrative review of the literature was conducted by searching Pubmed and EMBASE for relevant articles using keywords such as “COVID-19”, “Coronavirus”, “surgery” and “peri-operative infection”.

Results
Post-COVID-19 condition also known as long COVID has an estimated incidence of between 3.0 to 11.7%. COVID-19 has been shown to cause a series of short and long-term sequelae including cardiopulmonary complications, renal impairment, chronic fatigue and muscular deconditioning. Peri-operative infection with COVID-19 is associated with increased peri-operative mortality. Elective surgery patients who developed COVID-19 were 26 times more likely to die whilst in hospital compared to controls without COVID-19 infection, and for emergency surgery patients with COVID-19 infection were six times more likely to die. A large international prospective cohort study identified that patients who had surgery delayed over 7 weeks from the date of COVID-19 infection had no increased 30-day postoperative mortality, except those with ongoing symptoms.

Conclusions
COVID-19 infection and its complications have been shown to adversely affect surgical outcomes. Further research is required to better characterise long COVID and the long-term sequelae that develop, which should be used to guide comprehensive peri-operative assessment of patients.

Graphical Abstract