bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed adaptive control for H∞ tracking of uncertain interconnected dynamical systems
Authors: Gebremedhin Atsede G. , Fujisaki Yasumasa 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA distributed adaptive control is proposed for tracking of an interconnected dynamical system in the presence of disturbances and system/interconnection uncertainties. A reference model which achieves a robust tracking against disturbances is introduced by using control with transients. Then a distributed adaptive control law is developed for an uncertain interconnected dynamical system, where it employs the specified reference model. It is shown that the boundedness of the error dynamics behaviors as well as zero tracking error in the steady state is guaranteed by the proposed distributed adaptive control in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties. An explicit error bound related to tracking is also established.
Modulating Temporospatial Phosphate Equilibrium by Nanoparticulate Mineralized Collagen Materials Induces Osteogenesis via PiT‐1 and PiT‐2
Authors: Ren Xiaoyan , Zhou Qi , Bedar Meiwand , Foulad David , Huang Kelly X. , Dejam Dillon , Dahan Natalie J. , Kolliopoulos Vasiliki , Harley Brendan A.C. , Lee Justine C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe temporospatial equilibrium of phosphate contributes to physiological bone development and fracture healing, yet optimal control of phosphate content has not been explored in skeletal regenerative materials. Nanoparticulate mineralized collagen glycosaminoglycan (MC‐GAG) is a synthetic, tunable material that promotes in vivo skull regeneration. In this work, the effects of MC‐GAG phosphate content on the surrounding microenvironment and osteoprogenitor differentiation are investigated. This study finds that MC‐GAG exhibits a temporal relationship with soluble phosphate with elution early in culture shifting to absorption with or without differentiating primary bone marrow‐derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The intrinsic phosphate content of MC‐GAG is sufficient to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in basal growth media without the addition of exogenous phosphate in a manner that can be severely reduced, but not eliminated, by knockdown of the sodium phosphate transporters PiT‐1 or PiT‐2. The contributions of PiT‐1 and PiT‐2 to MC‐GAG‐mediated osteogenesis are nonredundant but also nonadditive, suggestive that the heterodimeric form is essential to its activity. These findings indicate that the mineral content of MC‐GAG alters phosphate concentrations within a local microenvironment resulting in osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells via both PiT‐1 and PiT‐2.
Polarity‐Driven Atomic Displacements at the 2D Mg2TiO4‐MgO (001) Oxide Interface for Hosting Potential Interlayer Excitons
Authors: Shin Kidae , Eltinge Stephen , Lee Sangjae , Shin Hyungki , Jiang Juan , Hong Hawoong , Davidson Bruce A. , Zou Ke , Ismail‐Beigi Sohrab , Ahn Charles H. , Walker Frederick J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterlayer excitons in solid‐state systems have emerged as candidates for realizing novel platforms ranging from excitonic transistors and optical qubits to exciton condensates. Interlayer excitons have been discovered in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, with large exciton binding energies and the ability to form various van der Waals heterostructures. Here, an oxide system consisting of a single unit cell of Mg2TiO4 on MgO (001) is proposed as a platform for hosting interlayer excitons. Using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, molecular beam epitaxy growth, and in situ crystal truncation rod measurements, it is shown that the Mg2TiO4‐MgO interface can be precisely controlled to yield an internal electric field suitable for hosting interlayer excitons. The atoms in the polar Mg2TiO4 layers are observed to be displaced to reduce polarity at the interface with the non‐polar MgO (001) surface. Such polarity‐driven atomic displacements strongly affect electrostatics of the film and the interface, resulting in localization of filled and empty band‐edge states in different layers of the Mg2TiO4 film. The DFT calculations suggest that the electronic structure is favorable for localization of photoexcited electrons in the bottom layer and holes in the top layer, which may bind to form interlayer exciton states.
Recent Advances on Transition‐Metal‐Based Layered Double Hydroxides Nanosheets for Electrocatalytic Energy Conversion
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Zhang Man , Liu Yaoyu , Zheng Zhikeng , Liu Biying , Chen Meng , Guan Guoqing , Yan Kai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTransition‐metal‐based layered double hydroxides (TM‐LDHs) nanosheets are promising electrocatalysts in the renewable electrochemical energy conversion system, which are regarded as alternatives to noble metal‐based materials. In this review, recent advances on effective and facile strategies to rationally design TM‐LDHs nanosheets as electrocatalysts, such as increasing the number of active sties, improving the utilization of active sites (atomic‐scale catalysts), modulating the electron configurations, and controlling the lattice facets, are summarized and compared. Then, the utilization of these fabricated TM‐LDHs nanosheets for oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, urea oxidation reaction, nitrogen reduction reaction, small molecule oxidations, and biomass derivatives upgrading is articulated through systematically discussing the corresponding fundamental design principles and reaction mechanism. Finally, the existing challenges in increasing the density of catalytically active sites and future prospects of TM‐LDHs nanosheets‐based electrocatalysts in each application are also commented.
Raumtemperatur‐Stabile Diazoalkene mittels Diazotransfer von Aziden: Pyridin‐basierte Diazoalkene
Authors: Reitz Justus , Antoni Patrick W. , Holstein Julian J. , Hansmann Max M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKürzlich haben stabile Diazoalkene als neue Substanzklasse in der organischen Chemie große Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Während ihr bisheriger synthetischer Zugang ausschließlich auf die Aktivierung von Distickstoffoxid (N2O) beschränkt war, etablieren wir hier einen allgemeineren synthetischen Ansatz, der einen Regitz‐Diazotransfer‐artigen Ansatz mit Aziden ausnutzt. Wichtig ist, dass diese Strategie auch auf schwach polarisierte Olefine wie 2‐Pyridinolefine anwendbar ist. Die neuen Pyridindiazoalkene sind nicht durch die Aktivierung von Distickstoffoxid (N2O) zugänglich, was eine beträchtliche Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs dieser erst seit kurzem zugänglichen funktionellen Gruppe bedeutet. Diese neue Diazoalkenklasse hat Eigenschaften, die sich von den bisher bekannten Substanzklassen unterscheiden, wie z. B. der photochemisch ausgelöste Verlust von Distickstoff, der zu Cumulenen und nicht zu C‐H‐Insertionsprodukten führt. Von Pyridin abgeleitete Diazoalkene stellen die bisher am wenigsten polarisierte, stabile Diazoalkenklasse dar.
Population distribution, connectivity and differentiation of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins in Chinese waters: Key baselines for improving conservation management
Authors: Liu Mingming , Lin Mingli , Li Songhai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Humpback dolphins (Sousa spp.), throughout their distribution ranges, are often designated as flagship species for coastal ecosystem conservation. Most of the early research on humpback dolphins was carried out in Chinese waters, and in the last two decades, numerous studies have provided abundant conservation‐valuable findings.
In this study, a systematic review was conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the distributional ecology of humpback dolphins in Chinese waters, to establish an updated national knowledge base about key conservation baselines on this flagship species.
Currently, there are at least eight main distribution areas of humpback dolphins along the coast of southern China, representing a clear picture of place‐based conservation units. However, the overall biogeographical distribution pattern is discontinuous, and existing marine protected areas are far from sufficient to protect these key areas for the survival of humpback dolphins.
Based on the photo‐identification technique, cross‐matching of humpback dolphin individuals revealed extremely low inter‐population connectivity among most of the known populations. Genetic studies suggested that several examined populations have low haplotype diversity levels, with limited inter‐population gene flow. Morphological and behavioural evidence also supports population differentiation among geographical locations.
These findings provide key baselines for the promotion of conservation management initiatives for humpback dolphins in Chinese waters. All recognizable geographical populations, together with each key habitat, should be considered as independent conservation units. With small distribution areas, low genetic diversity and unfavourable geographical isolation, several populations may be at a high risk of regional extinction.
A country‐led scheme with cross‐regional collaboration is required for science‐based, action‐focused and timely conservation efforts. Future conservation management initiatives should aim to increase or at least maintain key habitats, inter‐population connectivity, population‐level genetic diversity and effective population size.
A bacterial genome assembly and annotation laboratory using a virtual machine
Authors: Trofimova Ellina , Asgharzadeh Kangachar Shahla , Weynberg Karen D. , Willows Robert D. , Jaschke Paul R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the global increase of infections caused by antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains, there is an urgent need for new methods of tackling the issue. Genomic analysis of bacterial strains can help to understand their virulence and antibiotic resistance profile. Bioinformatic skills are in great demand across the biological sciences. We designed a workshop that allows university students to learn the process of genome assembly using command‐line tools within a virtual machine on a Linux operating system. We use Illumina and Nanopore short and long‐read raw sequences to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of short, long, and hybrid assembly methods. The workshop teaches how to assess read and assembly quality, perform genome annotation, and analyze pathogenicity, antibiotic and phage resistance. The workshop is intended for a five‐week teaching period and is concluded by a student poster presentation assessment.
The complete anatomy of the lingual nerve: A meta‐analysis with implications for oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Ostrowski Patryk , Bonczar Michał , Wilk Jakub , Michalczak Mateusz , Czaja Julia , Niziolek Martha , Sienkiewicz Justyna , Szczepanek Elżbieta , Chmielewski Przemysław , Iskra Tomasz , Gregorczyk‐Maga Iwona , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLingual nerve (LN) injury during surgical procedures in the third molar region warrants a detailed study of its common pathway and important variations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze and compile the multiple anatomical variations of the LN for use in oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is anticipated that the results of the present meta‐analysis may help to minimize the possible complications when performing procedures associated with this anatomical entity. Major online databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase were used to gather all relevant studies regarding the LN anatomy. The results were established based on a total of 1665 LNs. The pooled prevalence of the LN being located below the lingual/ alveolar crest was found to be 77.87% (95% CI: 0.00%–100.00%). The LN was located above the lingual/ alveolar crest in 8.21% (95% CI: 4.63%–12.89%) of examined nerves. The most common shape of the LN was established to be round with a prevalence of 40.96% (95% CI: 23.96%–59.06%), followed by oval at 37.98% (95% CI: 23.98%–53.02%) and flat at 25.16% (95% CI: 12.85%–39.77%). In conclusion, we believe that this is the most accurate and up‐to‐date study regarding the anatomy of the LN. The LN was found to be located below the lingual/alveolar crest in 77.87% of the cases. Furthermore, the LN was found to enter the tongue under the submandibular duct in 68.39% of the cases. Knowledge about the anatomy of the LN is crucial for numerous oral and maxillofacial procedures such as during the extraction of the third molar.
Ayahuasca in Western society and the metacognitive counselling approach
Authors: Kawakami Atsuko , Suzuki Masako 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAyahuasca is a hallucinogenic plant used throughout South America for religious, cultural and healing ceremonies. Previous studies have analysed it as a therapy method from either the microperspective, such as physiological and psychological effects of substance use, or the macroperspective, such as legal issues or cultural appropriation of ayahuasca by Westerners. There is a need to combine those two aspects to fully understand the effects of ayahuasca for therapists and clients in Western communities. By utilising an autoethnographic instrumental case study, we discuss the possible risk of ayahuasca gaining popularity in Western societies without an understanding of how the social context plays a tremendous part in healing using this method. We also discuss the risk of intrapsychic experiences brought about by ayahuasca that may deter individuals from seeking appropriate treatment. It is not our intention to present ayahuasca as an illegitimate or invalid method of healing; rather, we emphasise the importance of integrating micro‐ and macroperspectives in psychotherapy practice. We suggest that the metacognitive counselling approach be taken by both clients and therapists when adopting indigenous methods of therapy which may add a significantly positive effect. Although we hope this study offers realistic and lived experiences to generate pragmatic solutions for therapists and clients, we recognise that it is necessary to collect data from a larger number of both clients and therapists to better support our suggestion of the metacognitive counselling approach.
Pharyngeal trauma: When to suspect physical abuse
Authors: Passmore Sarah , Grant Sophia , Isaac Reena , Hendrix‐Dicken Amy D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPaediatric pharyngeal trauma is common and frequently occurs after falls or other accidents. Children with these injuries typically present to emergency departments with drooling, respiratory distress, stridor and hematemesis. Although most cases of pharyngeal trauma are minor, some can have rare, life‐threatening complications.
No Transition Metals Required – Oxygen Promoted Synthesis of Imines from Primary Alcohols and Amines under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Himmelbauer Daniel , Talmazan Radu , Weber Stefan , Pecak Jan , Thun‐Hohenstein Antonio , Geissler Maxine‐Sophie , Pachmann Lukas , Pignitter Marc , Podewitz Maren , Kirchner Karl 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of imines denotes a cornerstone in organic chemistry. The use of alcohols as renewable substituents for carbonyl‐functionality represents an attractive opportunity. Consequently, carbonyl moieties can be in situ generated from alcohols upon transition‐metal catalysis under inert atmosphere. Alternatively, bases can be utilized under aerobic conditions. In this context, we report the synthesis of imines from benzyl alcohols and anilines, promoted by KOtBu under aerobic conditions at room temperature, in the absence of any transition‐metal catalyst. A detailed investigation of the radical mechanism of the underlying reaction is presented. This reveals a complex reaction network fully supporting the experimental findings.
Determinative Effect of Axial Linearity on Single‐Molecule Magnet Performance in Dinuclear Dysprosium Complexes
Authors: Han Tian , Ding You‐Song , Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Winpenny Richard E. P. , Zheng Yan‐Zhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo dichloride‐bridged dinuclear dysprosium(III) complexes based on salen ligands, namely, [Dy(L1)(μ‐Cl)(thf)]2 (1; H2L1=N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)phenylenediamine) and [Dy2(L2)2(μ‐Cl)2(thf)2]2 (2; H2L2=N,N′‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)ethylenediamine) are reported. These two complexes have two short Dy−O(PhO) bonds that exhibit angles of ∼90° for 1 and ∼143° for 2, leading to clear slow relaxation of the magnetization for 2 and not for 1. Compound 2 has a near‐identical core to the recently reported compound [Dy2(L3)2(μ‐Cl)2(thf)2] (3; H2L3=N‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐N,N‐bis(2′‐hydroxy‐3′,5′‐di‐tert‐butylbenzyl)amine). The only substantial difference is the relative angle of the two O(PhO)−Dy−O(PhO) vectors, which is collinear in 2 owing to inversion symmetry and ∼68° in 3 due to a molecular C2 axis. It is shown that this subtle structural difference leads to large differences in the dipolar ground states, giving rise to open magnetic hysteresis for 3 and not for 2.
Chemistry, Chemo‐Ecology, and Biological Activities of Uncommon and Structurally Diverse Sesquiterpenoids from the Sanya Bay Nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus
Authors: Shen Shou‐Mao , Su Ming‐Zhi , Yu Dan‐Dan , Luo Hui , Li Xu‐Wen , Guo Yue‐Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA detailed chemical investigation of the Sanya Bay nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus yielded thirteen new sesquiterpenoids, namely sanyagunins A−H, sanyalides A−C, and sanyalactams A and B, along with eleven known related ones. Sanyalactams A and B feature an unprecedented hexahydrospiro[indene‐2,3′‐pyrrolidine] core. The structures of new compounds were established by a combination of extensive spectroscopic data analysis, quantum mechanical‐nuclear magnetic resonance methods, the modified Mosher's method, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Based on analysis of NOESY correlations and the modified Mosher's method, the stereochemistry of two known furodysinane‐type sesquiterpenoids were revised. A plausible biogenetic relationship between these sesquiterpenoids wasproposed and discussed, and a chemo‐ecological relationship of the title animal and its possible sponge preys has been analyzed. In bioassays, sanyagunin B showed moderate antibacterial activity, whereas 4α‐formamidogorgon‐11‐ene exhibited potent cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 0.87 to 1.95 μM.
Mehrdimensionale selektive Umbenetzungsagglomeration – Bestimmung der Reinheit von Graphitagglomeraten
Authors: Schreier Julia , Bröckel Ulrich 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDie Umbenetzungsagglomeration bietet die Möglichkeit einer Trennung nach zwei Partikeleigenschaften. Hierbei wird nach den Benetzungseigenschaften des Feststoffs in Bezug zur Suspensions‐ und Bindeflüssigkeit getrennt und nach der Größe. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, die Reinheit der entstehenden Graphitagglomerate in einer Mischung mit Quarzsand gravimetrisch zu bestimmen und diese mit den Benetzungseigenschaften zu korrelieren. Die Güte dieser Ergebnisse wird mit einer Mikroröntgentomographie (µ‐CT) untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich Quarzsand mit Paraffinöl nicht benetzen lässt und somit Reinheiten von 99,5 % bis 99,9 % erreicht werden, was das Ergebnis der µ‐CT bestätigt. Einen Einfluss der Partikelgröße des Quarzsandes konnte im untersuchten Bereich nicht bestätigt werden.
Applications of Rare Earth Promoted Transition Metal Sulfides in Electrocatalysis†
Authors: Shen Wei , Zhu Jiamin , Hu Yang , Yin Jie , Zheng Yao , Xi Pinxian 
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive SummaryWith the rapid consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting environmental problems, researchers are working to find sustainable alternative energy and energy storage and conversion methods. Transition metal sulfur compounds have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent electrical conductivity, low cost, adjustable components and good electrocatalytic performance. As an alternative to noble metal catalysts, they have emerged as a promising electrocatalyst. However, their low catalytic activity and poor stability limit their large‐scale practical applications. Rare earth elements, known as industrial vitamins, are widely used in various fields due to their special redox properties, oxygen affinity and electronic structure. Therefore, the construction of rare earth promoted transition metal sulfides is of far‐reaching significance for the development of catalysts. Here, we review the applications of various rare earth promoted transition metal sulfides in energy storage and conversion in recent years, which focuses on three ways in rare earth promoted transition metal sulfide, including doping, interfacial modification engineering and structural facilitation. As well, these materials are used in electrochemical reactions such as OER, HER, ORR, CO2RR, and so on, in order to explore the important role of rare earth in the field of electrocatalysis, the future challenges and opportunities.
Biochar mitigates allelopathic effects in temperate trees
Authors: Sujeeun Leeladarshini , Thomas Sean C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany invasive and some native tree species in North America exhibit strong allelopathic effects that may contribute to their local dominance. Pyrogenic carbon (PyC; including soot, charcoal, and black carbon) is produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter and is widespread in forest soils. Many forms of PyC have sorptive properties that can reduce the bioavailability of allelochemicals. We investigated the potential for PyC produced by controlled pyrolysis of biomass (“biochar” [BC]) to reduce the allelopathic effects of black walnut (Juglans nigra) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides), a common native tree species and a widespread invasive species in North America, respectively. Seedling growth of two native tree species (Acer saccharinum[silver maple] andBetula papyrifera[paper birch]) in response to leaf‐litter‐incubated soils was examined; litter incubation treatments included leaves of black walnut, Norway maple, and a nonallelopathic species (Tilia americana[American basswood]) in a factorial design with varying dosages; responses to the known primary allelochemical of black walnut (juglone) were also examined. Juglone and leaf litter of both allelopathic species strongly suppressed seedling growth. BC treatments substantially mitigated these effects, consistent with the sorption of allelochemicals; in contrast no positive effects of BC were observed in leaf litter treatments involving controls or additions of nonallelopathic leaf litter. Treatments of leaf litter and juglone with BC increased the total biomass of silver maple by ~35% and in some cases more than doubled the biomass of paper birch. We conclude that BCs have the capacity to largely counteract allelopathic effects in temperate forest systems, suggesting the effects of natural PyC in determining forest community structure, and also the applied use of BC as a soil amendment to mitigate allelopathic effects of invasive tree species.