bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of heat transport in flow of non‐linear Oldroyd‐B fluid subject to non‐Fourier's theory
Authors: Yasir Muhammad , Khan Masood 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo study non‐Fourier heat and mass transport in the stagnation point flow of magnetized Oldroyd‐B fluid due to stretching cylinder, the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model is used in this investigation. Further, as the controlling agents for thermal and solutal transport in the fluid flow, the heat generation/absorption source and chemical reaction are also considered. The formulations of a such physical phenomenon are going to form the PDEs. Through appropriate similarity variables, these governing partial differential equations for flow and energy transport are converted into the ordinary differential. The analytical series solutions are obtained through the use of a homotopic approach. The graphical upshots are conducted for velocity fields, temperature, and concentration distributions. In addition, energy transport analysis is performed for two kinds of surface heating mechanisms, namely the prescribed surface temperature (PST) and constant wall temperature (CWT). The outcomes of the current investigation revealed that a higher rate of heat transfer is observed in the case of CWT as compared to PST. Moreover, the increasing values of thermal and solutal relaxation time parameters reduce the heat and mass transport in the fluid flow, respectively.
Challenges of Integrating AI Ethics into Higher Education Curricula in West Africa: Nigerian Universities Narrative
Authors: Onyejegbu Laeticia N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming pervasive. It is also an exciting field because it is making our lives much better, by doing most of the work for us. For example, driving our cars, medical jobs, accounting jobs, all sorts of jobs.
Approximate treatment of noncommutative curvature in quartic matrix model
Authors: Prekrat D. , Ranković D. , Todorović-Vasović N. K. , Kováčik S. , Tekel J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study a Hermitian matrix model with the standard quartic potential amended by a tr(RΦ2) term for fixed external matrix R. This is motivated by a curvature term in the truncated Heisenberg algebra formulation of the Grosse-Wulkenhaar model — a renormalizable noncommutative field theory. The extra term breaks the unitary symmetry of the action and leads, after perturbative calculation of the unitary integral, to an effective multitrace matrix model. Accompanying the analytical treatment of this multitrace approximation, we also study the model numerically by Monte Carlo simulations. The phase structure of the model is investigated, and a modified phase diagram is identified. We observe a shift of the transition line between the 1-cut and 2-cut phases of the theory that is consistent with the previous numerical simulations and also with the removal of the noncommutative phase in the Grosse-Wulkenhaar model.
Knowledge-map analysis of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for urolithiasis
Authors: Hou Junhui , Lv Zongwei , Wang Yuan , Wang Xia , Wang Yibing , Wang Kefeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPercutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) has been used in the treatment of urolithiasis for more than 20 years. However, bibliometric analysis of the global use of PNL for urolithiasis is rare. We retrieved the literatures on PNL and urolithiasis from Web of science core collection database. VOSviewer was used to analyze keywords, citations, publications, co-authorship, themes, and trend topics. A total of 3103 articles were analyzed, most of which were original ones. The most common keywords were “percutaneous nephrology” and “urolithiasis”, both of which were closely related to “ureteroscopy”. Journal of Urology and Zeng Guohua from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were the most published journal and author in this field. The most productive country was the United States, and its closest partners were Canada, China, and Italy. The five hot topics were the specific application methods and means, risk factors of urolithiasis, the development of treatment technology of urolithiasis, the characteristics, composition, and properties of stones, and the evaluation of curative effect. This study aimed to provide a new perspective for PNL treatment of urolithiasis and provided valuable information for urologic researchers to understand their research hotspots, cooperative institutions, and research frontiers.
Celebrating a Century of Research in Behavioral Genetics
Authors: Plomin Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA century after the first twin and adoption studies of behavior in the 1920s, this review looks back on the journey and celebrates milestones in behavioral genetic research. After a whistle-stop tour of early quantitative genetic research and the parallel journey of molecular genetics, the travelogue focuses on the last fifty years. Just as quantitative genetic discoveries were beginning to slow down in the 1990s, molecular genetics made it possible to assess DNA variation directly. From a rocky start with candidate gene association research, by 2005 the technological advance of DNA microarrays enabled genome-wide association studies, which have successfully identified some of the DNA variants that contribute to the ubiquitous heritability of behavioral traits. The ability to aggregate the effects of thousands of DNA variants in polygenic scores has created a DNA revolution in the behavioral sciences by making it possible to use DNA to predict individual differences in behavior from early in life.
Mapping regional vulnerability in Europe’s energy transition: development and application of an indicator to assess declining employment in four carbon-intensive industries
Authors: McDowall Will , Reinauer Tobias , Fragkos Panagiotis , Miedzinski Michal , Cronin Jennifer 
Published: January 2023

Abstract Europe’s transition to an energy system compatible with limiting global heating to 1.5 °C will require radical changes in energy systems. While this will create substantial new growth industries in clean technologies, some currently important economic activities will decline. The impacts of that transition will not be the same for all regions. We map the economic vulnerability of European regions to ambitious decarbonisation scenarios in terms of employment losses in four carbon-intensive industries. To do so, we develop a composite vulnerability indicator that combines each region’s share of employment in those high-carbon industries with other dimensions of vulnerability and resilience. We then explore how regional patterns of vulnerability are influenced by the technology pathway to 2050, using four scenarios modelled using the European PRIMES model. We show that economic vulnerability to the low-carbon transition is regionally concentrated, with some regions combining high employment shares in industries expected to decline with weak adaptive capacity and high pre-existing unemployment. We also show that there is little variation in regional vulnerability arising from different transition pathways. All scenarios compatible with 1.5 °C involve large declines in all high-carbon sectors we analyse, and as a result, scenario variation does not lead to large variation in relative vulnerability of regions. The results highlight regions that may be in need of additional policy support to diversify their economies and achieve a just transition.
Crowdfunding sustainable products with the product search matrix: niche markets vs. mass markets
Authors: Corsini Filippo , Frey Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis exploratory research aims at analyzing the success factors of environmentally sustainable products in crowdfunding campaigns by considering aspects such as the customer needs to be addressed by those products, the technology of those products, and the market targeted (niche vs. mass market).Original data from creators of environmentally sustainable products in crowdfunding campaigns were collected through a questionnaire and then analyzed with regression analysis and additional descriptive statistics.Results suggest that crowdfunding platforms are not the most appropriate instrument for addressing completely new customer needs with sustainable products nor for developing completely new technologies as the success of such initiatives is quite low. Moreover, results suggest that sustainable products, developed through crowdfunding platforms, targeted at niche markets are more successful in terms of financing than mass market products. In light of the results achieved, the paper formulates managerial suggestions for project creators in terms of paying attention to selecting the appropriate financing channel in light of the product characteristics.
Social Networks and Instructional Reform in STEM: The Teaching-Research Nexus
Authors: Skvoretz John , Kappelman Katherine , Marcy Ariel , McAlpin Jacob D. , Lewis Jennifer E. , Ziker John P. , Mertens Karl , Earl Brittnee , Shadle Susan E. , Couch Brian A. , Feola Stephanie , Prevost Luanna B. , Lane A. Kelly , Whitt Blake , Stains Marilyne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Instructional reform in STEM aims for the widespread adoption of evidence based instructional practices (EBIPS), practices that implement active learning. Research recognizes that faculty social networks regarding discussion or advice about teaching may matter to such efforts. But teaching is not the only priority for university faculty – meeting research expectations is at least as important and, often, more consequential for tenure and promotion decisions. We see value in understanding how research networks, based on discussion and advice about research matters, relate to teaching networks to see if and how such networks could advance instructional reform efforts. Our research examines data from three departments (biology, chemistry, and geosciences) at three universities that had recently received funding to enhance adoption of EBIPs in STEM fields. We evaluate exponential random graph models of the teaching network and find that (a) the existence of a research tie from one faculty member $$i$$
i
to another $$j$$
j
enhances the prospects of a teaching tie from $$i$$
i
to $$j$$
j
, but (b) even though faculty highly placed in the teaching network are more likely to be extensive EBIP users, faculty highly placed in the research network are not, dimming prospects for leveraging research networks to advance STEM instructional reforms.
Reacting to Perceived Overqualification: Uniting Strain-Based and Self-Regulatory Adjustment Reactions and the Moderating Role of Formal Work Arrangements
Authors: Debus Maike E. , Körner Barbara , Wang Mo , Kleinmann Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThus far, research on perceived overqualification has focused on either maladaptive, strain-based versus more adaptive, self-regulatory reactions in isolation. Following person-environment fit theory, we seek to advance this one-sided focus by uniting both types of adjustment reactions and to consider their implications for perceived person-job fit, and performance and wellbeing outcomes. In line with theory, we also examine contextual boundary conditions in the form of indicators of formal work arrangements (i.e., permanent vs. temporary employment contract and job tenure). Utilizing three-wave data from 453 employees, we found that perceived overqualification indirectly and sequentially related to decreases in task performance, organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction via anger toward employment situation and lower levels of perceived person-job fit—thus reflecting the strain-based pathway. For the self-regulatory pathway, findings did not align with our initial proposition that the positive relationship between perceived overqualification and work organization (a form of structural job crafting whereby employees improve their work processes) would be weaker among temporary employees and those with longer tenure. Instead, having a temporary employment contract or having longer job tenure resulted in a negative relationship between perceived overqualification and work organization, which further contributed to a decrease in performance and satisfaction via lower levels of perceived person-job fit. Our study highlights the demotivating role of a temporary employment contract and long job tenure for overqualified employees to reorganize their work. In discussing our findings, we point to the importance of job stage and develop recommendations for managing overqualified employees.
Meaninglessness and monotony in pandemic boredom
Authors: Hughes Emily 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBoredom is an affective experience that can involve pervasive feelings of meaninglessness, emptiness, restlessness, frustration, weariness and indifference, as well as the slowing down of time. An increasing focus of research in many disciplines, interest in boredom has been intensified by the recent Covid-19 pandemic, where social distancing measures have induced both a widespread loss of meaning and a significant disturbance of temporal experience. This article explores the philosophical significance of this aversive experience of ‘pandemic boredom.’ Using Heidegger’s work as a unique vantage point, this article draws on survey data collected by researchers in an ongoing project titled ‘Experiences of Social Distancing During the Covid-19 Pandemic’ to give an original phenomenological interpretation of the meaninglessness and monotony of pandemic boredom. On a Heideggerian interpretation, pandemic boredom involves either a situative confrontation with relative meaninglessness that upholds our absorption in the everyday world, or an existential confrontation with absolute meaninglessness that forces us to take up the question of our existence. Arguing that boredom during the pandemic makes this distinction difficult to sustain, I consider some of the ways in which pandemic boredom might be seen to expose and then exceed the distinctive methodological limitations of Heidegger’s philosophical interpretation of boredom.
The immune microenviroment in somatotropinomas: from biology to personalized and target therapy
Authors: Chiloiro Sabrina , De Marinis Laura 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPituitary tumors are rare neoplasms, with a heterogeneous biological and clinical behavior, due to their clinical course, local invasive growth, resistance to conventional therapies and the risk of disease progression. Recent studies on tumor microenvironment (TME) provided new knowledge on the biology of these neoplasia, that may explain the different phenotypes of these tumors and suggest new biomarkers able to predict the prognosis and the treatment outcome. The identification of molecular markers that act as targets for biological therapies may open new perspectives in the medical treatments of aggressive pituitary tumors.In this paper, we will review data of TME and target therapies in somatotropinomas.
Presentism and representation: saying it without words
Authors: Baron Sam , Miller Kristie , Tallant Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Triviality Argument against presentism maintains that we should reject presentism because there is no way to define the view that is not either trivially true or obviously false. We suggest that this style of argument over-emphasises purely linguistic means of representing a philosophical thesis. We argue that there is no reason to suppose that all philosophical theses must be linguistically representable, and thus that the failure to linguistically represent presentism is no big deal. It certainly shouldn’t lead us to reject the view. We offer a more general moral for philosophy, and that is to look beyond purely linguistic methods of representing philosophical views and embrace a wider range of representational media.
The importance of expert knowledge in big data and machine learning
Authors: Hansen Jens Ulrik , Quinon Paula 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccording to popular belief, big data and machine learning provide a wholly novel approach to science that has the potential to revolutionise scientific progress and will ultimately lead to the ‘end of theory’. Proponents of this view argue that advanced algorithms are able to mine vast amounts of data relating to a given problem without any prior knowledge and that we do not need to concern ourselves with causality, as correlation is sufficient for handling complex issues. Consequently, the human contribution to scientific progress is deemed to be non-essential and replaceable. We, however, following the position most commonly represented in the philosophy of science, argue that the need for human expertise remains. Based on an analysis of big data and machine learning methods in two case studies—skin cancer detection and protein folding—we show that expert knowledge is essential and inherent in the application of these methods. Drawing on this analysis, we establish a classification of the different kinds of expert knowledge that are involved in the application of big data and machine learning in scientific contexts. We address the ramifications of a human-driven expert knowledge approach to big data and machine learning for scientific practice and the discussion about the role of theory. Finally, we show that the ways in which big data and machine learning both influence and are influenced by scientific methodology involve continuous conceptual shifts rather than a rigid paradigm change.
Inflow from a Cardiopulmonary Assist System to the Pulmonary Artery and Its Implications for Local Hemodynamics—a Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Hugenroth Kristin , Krooß Felix , Hima Flutura , Strudthoff Lasse , Kopp Rüdger , Arens Jutta , Kalverkamp Sebastian , Steinseifer Ulrich , Neidlin Michael , Spillner Jan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhen returning blood to the pulmonary artery (PA), the inflow jet interferes with local hemodynamics. We investigated the consequences for several connection scenarios using transient computational fluid dynamics simulations. The PA was derived from CT data. Three aspects were varied: graft flow rate, anastomosis location, and inflow jet path length from anastomosis site to impingement on the PA wall. Lateral anastomosis locations caused abnormal flow distribution between the left and right PA. The central location provided near-physiological distribution but induced higher wall shear stress (WSS). All effects were most pronounced at high graft flows. A central location is beneficial regarding flow distribution, but the resulting high WSS might promote detachment of local thromboembolisms or influence the autonomic nervous innervation. Lateral locations, depending on jet path length, result in lower WSS at the cost of an unfavorable flow distribution that could promote pulmonary vasculature changes. Case-specific decisions and further research are necessary.
Graphical Abstract
Déjà vu: on the use of meat resources by sabretooth cats, hominins, and hyaenas in the Early Pleistocene site of Fuente Nueva 3 (Guadix-Baza Depression, SE Spain)
Authors: Palmqvist Paul , Rodríguez-Gómez Guillermo , Martínez-Navarro Bienvenido , Espigares M. Patrocinio , Figueirido Borja , Ros-Montoya Sergio , Guerra-Merchán Antonio , Granados Alejandro , García-Aguilar José Manuel , Pérez-Claros Juan A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe late Early Pleistocene archaeological site of Fuente Nueva 3 (Orce, Guadix-Baza Depression, SE Spain), dated to ~1.4 Ma, provides evidence on the subsistence strategies of the first hominin population that dispersed in Western Europe. The site preserves Oldowan tool assemblages associated with abundant remains of large mammals. A small proportion of these remains show cut marks and percussion marks resulting from defleshing and bone fracturing, and a small proportion of bones also show tooth marks. Previous taphonomic studies of FN3 suggested that the hominins had secondary access to the prey leftovers abandoned by sabretooth cats and other primary predators. However, a recent analysis by Yravedra et al. (2021) of the frequency of anthropogenic marks and tooth marks has concluded that the hominins had primary access to the carcasses of a wide variety of ungulate prey, even though the frequency of evisceration marks is strikingly low. In this rebuttal, we analyse the patterns of bone preservation in FN3, which show that the exploitation of bone marrow by the hominins after hammerstone breakage was a usual activity at the site. Our study also reviews the evidence available on the lesser abilities of sabretooth cats for carcass processing compared to pantherine felids. This reinforces the hypothesis that primary predators provided the hominins the opportunity to scavenge sizeable chunks of meat and bone marrow of their prey carcasses before the arrival of hyaenas. Finally, we also provide new inferences on resource availability and competition intensity among the members of the carnivore guild in FN3, which reinforce our interpretation that a secondary access by the Oldowan hominins to the prey leftovers of sabretooth cats was an optimal foraging strategy in the Guadix-Baza Depression.
Parametric study of melt pool geometry in hybrid plasma arc-laser melting process for additive manufacturing application
Authors: Wang Chong , Suder Wojciech , Ding Jialuo , Williams Stewart 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWire-based hybrid arc-laser additive manufacturing is suitable for producing large metallic parts (metres in scale) with high deposition rates and near-net-shape. In this process, the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the deposited parts are determined by the melt pool geometry. However, how to control the melt pool in the hybrid process is complex due to the multiple parameters that can be used. In this study, control of melt pool geometry by investigating different process parameters, including laser power, travel direction, arc-laser separation distance, laser beam size, and arc current in the hybrid plasma transferred arc (PTA)-laser process, was studied systematically. It was found that a larger melt pool was achieved with the PTA-leading configuration compared to that with the laser-leading configuration due to a higher laser absorption occurred with the former configuration. The melt pool was enlarged by either increasing the laser power or arc current due to the increased energy input. However, if the laser power density is high enough to determine the melt pool depth, the increasing arc current has very little effect on melt pool depth but only increases the melt pool width. In addition, the melt pool became shallower and wider when using a larger laser beam. The arc-laser separation distance had a minor effect on the melt pool geometry due to the fixed energy input used in the studied cases. The results of this study provide a reference for melt pool control in wire-based hybrid arc-laser additive manufacturing.