bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurologic Complications of Critical Medical Illness
Authors: Morris Nicholas A. , Sarwal Aarti 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
This article reviews the neurologic complications encountered in patients admitted to non-neurologic intensive care units, outlines various scenarios in which a neurologic consultation can add to the diagnosis or management of a critically ill patient, and provides advice on the best diagnostic approach in the evaluation of these patients.

Latest Developments
Increasing recognition of neurologic complications and their adverse impact on long-term outcomes has led to increased neurology involvement in non-neurologic intensive care units. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of having a structured clinical approach to neurologic complications of critical illness as well as the critical care management of patients with chronic neurologic disabilities.

Essential Points
Critical illness is often accompanied by neurologic complications. Neurologists need to be aware of the unique needs of critically ill patients, especially the nuances of the neurologic examination, challenges in diagnostic testing, and neuropharmacologic aspects of commonly used medications.
Impossible Scale: Amitav Ghosh against History
Authors: Parsons Cóilín 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Focusing on Amitav Ghosh's Ibis trilogy—comprising the novels Sea of Poppies, River of Smoke, and Flood of Fire—this article asks how novels can (or sometimes cannot) narrate the history of an ocean. Given the fact that realist novels are often strictly bounded by time and space, and by an imperative to offer detailed characterization and setting, there is a discrepancy between the scales of oceanic thinking and the capacities of the novel to do justice to them. Instead of turning to experimental forms that reimagine the possibilities of the novel, Ghosh reanimates the realist novel to tell the story of the opium trade across the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. In doing so, he looks back to a conservative vision of empire while at the same time offering flashes of radical critique. At its most inventive, the Ibis trilogy reconfigures novelistic plot as a horizontally organized system rather than a vertically organized flow and retools the realist novel for a different scale of time and space. Despite attempts to claim Ghosh for a radical politics, or to induct him into a pantheon of historians, these novels create a complicated world, often profoundly incompatible with itself. Ghosh grapples with the challenges of scale—of how to narrate large-scale historical processes while at the same time paying due mind to his unwavering commitment to setting a scene.
New insight on antioxidants and anti-obesity properties of two Indonesian seagrass Thalassia hemprichii and Zostera marina: an integrated molecular docking simulation with in vitro study
Authors: Wagey Billy Theodorus , Gunawan William Ben , Lasabuda Ridwan , Mayulu Nelly , Al Mahira Msy Firyal Nadya , Lailossa Deogifta Graciani , Riswanda Fitra , Berta Elizabeth Levyna , Dewa Putra Mahakarya , Yudisthira Dewangga , Alisaputra Darmawan , Arnamalia Astri , Sabrina Nindy , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Hayes Clarin , Nurkolis Fahrul 
Published: June 2023

Background: The oceans are teeming with a diverse range of marine organisms that offer unique health benefits, such as seagrass which is one of many key marine products that have garnered attention for their potential therapeutic properties. However, until now there have been few successful reports of seagrass’s metabolites profile and biological activity. Therefore, this work aims to profile metabolites or chemical constituents and assess the potential antioxidants and anti-obesity effects of two Indonesian seagrasses, Thalassia hemprichii and Zostera marina. Methods: Once authenticated, T. hemprichii and Z. marina were extracted with two different solvents, polar (ethanol) and nonpolar (hexane). Metabolite profiling was performed using untargeted metabolomic profiling via liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry method analysis, and then antioxidant and anti-obesity capabilities were assessed by molecular docking and in vitro studies on selected receptors. Results: A total of 9 and 11 metabolites were observed from T. hemprichii and Z. marina and continued molecular docking. Some of the observed compounds have promising potential as inhibitors of human inducible nitric oxide synthase, reactive oxygen species (ROS) 1 kinase, human pancreatic lipase, and fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) proteins, including luteolin, 6-hydroxy compounds luteolin O-glucoside, luteolin-O-sulphate, Thalassiolin A, Thalassiolin C, kaempferol-7,4'-dimethylether-3-O-sulfate, apigenin, and diosmetin. T. hemprichii ethanol extract (THE) EC50 value shows antioxidant capabilities via ABTS radical scavenging activity of 76.00 μg/mL, a smaller value than standard antioxidant controls (Trolox, 76.54 μg/mL) and followed by EC50 of lipase inhibition activity by THE which has the same pattern (EC50 THE < EC50 Orlistat). Conclusions: This concludes that the two Indonesian seagrasses have promising biological activity as candidates for functional food and/or drugs in combating free radicals and obesity.
Euclide, the crow, the wolf and the pedestrian: distance metrics for linguistic typology
Authors: Guzmán Naranjo Matías , Jäger Gerhard 
Published: June 2023

It is common for people working on linguistic geography, language contact and typology to make use of some type of distance metric between lects. However, most work so far has either used Euclidean distances, or geodesic distance, both of which do not represent the real separation between communities very accurately. This paper presents two datasets: one on walking distances and one on topographic distances between over 8700 lects across all macro-areas. We calculated walking distances using Open Street Maps data, and topographic distances using digital elevation data. We evaluate these distances. We evaluate these distance metrics on three case studies and show that topographic distance tends to outperform the other distance metrics, but geodesic distances can be used as an adequate approximation in some cases.
Diverse novel Wolbachia bacteria strains and widespread co-infections with Asaia bacteria in Culicine mosquitoes from ecologically diverse regions of Cameroon
Authors: Mercant Osuna Aina , Gidley Alexandra , Mayi Marie Paul Audrey , Bamou Roland , Dhokiya Vishaal , Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe , Jeffries Claire Louise , Walker Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Background: The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia infects numerous species of insects and Wolbachia transinfection of Aedes mosquito species is now being used for biocontrol programs as Wolbachia strains can both inhibit arboviruses and invade wild mosquito populations. The discovery of novel, resident Wolbachia strains in mosquito species warrants further investigation as potential candidate strains for biocontrol strategies. Methods: We obtained mosquito specimens from diverse Culicine mosquitoes from Cameroon including ecologically diverse locations in the Central and West Regions. Wolbachia prevalence rates were assessed in addition to the environmentally acquired bacterial species Asaia in major Culicine genera. PCR-based methods were also used with phylogenetic analysis to confirm identities of host mosquito species and Wolbachia strains were classified using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results: We report high Wolbachia prevalence rates for Culicine species, including in a large cohort of Aedes africanus collected from west Cameroon in which 100% of mono-specific pools were infected. Furthermore, co-infections with Asaia bacteria were observed across multiple genera, demonstrating that these two bacteria can co-exist in wild mosquito populations. Wolbachia strain MLST and phylogenetic analysis provided evidence for diverse Wolbachia strains in 13 different mosquito species across seven different genera. Full or partial MLST profiles were generated from resident Wolbachia strains in six Culex species (quinquefasciatus, watti, cinerus, nigripalpus, perexiguus and rima), two Aedes species (africanus and denderensis) and in Mansonia uniformis, Catageiomyia argenteopunctata, Lutzia tigripes, Eretmapodites chrysogaster and Uranotaenia bilineata. Conclusions: Our study provides further evidence that Wolbachia is widespread within wild mosquito populations of diverse Culicine species and provides further candidate strains that could be investigated as future options for Wolbachia-based biocontrol to inhibit arbovirus transmission.
Two decades of malaria control in Malawi: Geostatistical Analysis of the changing malaria prevalence from 2000-2022
Authors: Mategula Donnie , Gichuki Judy , Chipeta Michael Give , Chirombo James , Kalonde Patrick Ken , Gumbo Austin , Kayange Michael , Samuel Vincent , Kwizombe Colins , Hamuza Gracious , Kalanga Alinafe , Kamowa Dina , Mitambo Colins , Kawonga Jacob , Banda Benard , Kafulafula Jacob , Banda Akuzike , Twabi Halima , Musa Esloyn , Masambuka Maclear , Ntwere Tapiwa , Ligomba Chimwemwe , Munthali Lumbani , Sakala Melody , Bangoura Abdoulaye , Kapito-Tembo Atupele , Masingi-Mbeye Nyanyiwe , Mathanga Don P. , Terlouw Dianne J 
Published: June 2023

Background Malaria remains a public health problem in Malawi and has a serious socio-economic impact on the population. In the past two decades, available malaria control measures have been substantially scaled up, such as insecticide-treated bed nets, artemisinin-based combination therapies, and, more recently, the introduction of the malaria vaccine, the RTS,S/AS01. In this paper, we describe the epidemiology of malaria for the last two decades to understand the past transmission and set the scene for the elimination agenda. Methods A collation of parasite prevalence surveys conducted between the years 2000 and 2022 was done. A spatio-temporal geostatistical model was fitted to predict the yearly malaria risk for children aged 2–10 years (PfPR 2–10) at 1×1 km spatial resolutions. Parameter estimation was done using the Monte Carlo maximum likelihood methods. District level prevalence estimates adjusted for population are calculated for the years 2000 to 2022. Results A total of 2,595 sampled unique locations from 2000 to 2022 were identified through the data collation exercise. This represents 70,565 individuals that were sampled in the period. In general, the PfPR2_10 declined over the 22 years. The mean modeled national PfPR2_10 in 2000 was 43.93 % (95% CI:17.9 to 73.8%) and declined to 19.2% (95%CI 7.49 to 37.0%) in 2022. The smoothened estimates of PfPR2_10 indicate that malaria prevalence is very heterogeneous with hotspot areas concentrated on the southern shores of Lake Malawi and the country's central region. Conclusions The last two decades are associated with a decline in malaria prevalence, highly likely associated with the scale up of control interventions. The country should move towards targeted malaria control approaches informed by surveillance data.
ANTICIPACIÓN DE ESTRATEGIAS DE RESOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS DE DIVISIÓN-MEDIDA CON FRACCIONES MEDIANTE UNA PROGRESIÓN DE APRENDIZAJE
Authors: Montero Eloísa , Callejo María Luz , Valls Julia 
Published: June 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar cómo los estudiantes para maestro, un año después de un experimento de enseñanza, reconocen diferentes etapas de progresión al anticipar estrategias de estudiantes de educación primaria al resolver problemas de división - medida con fracciones. Los 41 participantes cursaban el séptimo semestre del Grado en Maestro en Educación Primaria durante el curso 2018-2019. En el análisis se tuvo en cuenta el tipo de estrategias utilizadas y si estas evidenciaban la idea de progresión. Los resultados muestran tres categorías en el uso de la idea de progresión al anticipar respuestas a problemas de división-medida: (a) No usan la idea de progresión; (b) usan parcialmente la idea de progresión; (c) usan la idea de progresión. Pese a su dificultad, es posible comenzar a desarrollar la idea de progresión al anticipar estrategias en la formación de futuros maestros
What Causes Privatization? Evidence from Import Competition in China
Authors: Hu Qing , Li Wenjing , Lin Chen , Wei Lai 
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we identify product market competition as a driver of privatization. Using product market shocks caused by trade liberalization of China, which has the world’s largest state sector, we find that subjecting state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to higher competition leads to an increase in private ownership. This response is strengthened when SOEs operate in industries with large technology or productivity gaps from those in the frontier economies or when SOEs impose large fiscal burdens on local governments. Our findings are consistent with politicians’ incentives to boost economic growth for better career development and to shed burdens when rents decrease. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. Funding: C. Lin acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72192841]. Q. Hu acknowledges financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Renmin University of China [Grant 21XNF002]. W. Li acknowledges financial support from the Major Project of the Ministry of Education [Grant 22JZD007] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72132002]. L. Wei acknowledges financial support from the Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee [Grant 13501619]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4847 .
Forewarned Is Forearmed? Contingent Sourcing, Shipment Information, and Supplier Competition
Authors: Lu Tao , Tomlin Brian 
Published: June 2023

Problem definition: Dual sourcing and contingent sourcing are important risk-mitigation strategies to manage supply chain risks, including transportation-related losses of inbound orders. Contingent sourcing as a means of managing transportation risk is made possible by shipment information realized at in-transit inspection points or through shipment monitoring technologies. We examine the impact of contingent sourcing and shipment information in a setting where a buyer can source from two competing suppliers. One supplier (unreliable) has a long transportation lead time and is prone to in-transit yield loss; the other supplier (reliable) has a short, but nonzero, lead time with no yield loss. Methodology/results: We analyze a multistage game-theoretical model in which the two suppliers compete on wholesale prices and then, the buyer determines initial order quantities. Later, the buyer can place an emergency order with the reliable supplier based on shipment information, which reveals (possibly imperfectly) the status of the in-transit order from the unreliable supplier. We show that the buyer will adopt one of four possible sourcing strategies: (1) initially source only from the unreliable supplier but resort to the reliable supplier contingent on the updated shipment information, (2) diversify its initial order across the two suppliers but resort to the reliable supplier if needed, (3) diversify its initial order and not engage in contingent sourcing, or (4) sole source from the reliable supplier. Interestingly, contingent sourcing may or may not benefit the buyer because it may soften the competition between suppliers. Moreover, the buyer’s profit may not be monotonic in the accuracy of shipment information. Managerial implications: The buyer must design its supply base so that the unreliable supplier is particularly cost efficient if the buyer is to benefit from the possibility of contingent sourcing. The buyer may not always benefit from operational improvements that enhance shipment information accuracy because they may soften supplier competition. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0540 .
Palliative care delivery models: a systematic scoping review protocol
Authors: Dashti Seemin , Shaghaghi Abdolreza 
Published: June 2023

Aim:This scoping review will map out the evidence for palliative care delivery models in hospitals and the challenges of their application in practice from 2012 to 2022. A list of the predetermined MeSH terms will be used to search electronic databases for the relevant literature in English or Persian.Method:The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's guideline will be used to qualitatively appraise the identified reports and to assess their scientific rigour. Information about the introduced models will be summarised in extraction sheets and a narrative synthesis of the retrieved data will be performed and tabulated for benchmarking analysis. The findings will be applicable for evidence-informed policy-making in health systems and in response to palliative care unmet needs. The study results could also be accommodated in decision-making processes for the adoption of an integrated PalC model to achieve enhanced organisational performance in clinical settings.
Reaching those at risk: Active case detection of leprosy and contact tracing at Kokosa, a hot spot district in Ethiopia
Authors: Lema Tsehaynesh , Bobosha Kidist , Kasang Christa , Tarekegne Azeb , Lambert Saba , Mengiste Addis , Britton Sven , Aseffa Abraham , Woldeamanuel Yimtubezenash 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Leprosy is a chronic mycobacterial disease of public health importance. It is one of the leading causes of permanent physical disability. The prevalence of leprosy in Ethiopia has remained stagnant over the last decades. The aim of the study was to identify new leprosy cases and trace household contacts at risk of developing leprosy by active case detection. The study area was Kokosa district, West Arsi zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia.

Method
A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from June 2016-September 2018 at Kokosa district. Ethical approvals were obtained from all relevant institutions. Health extension workers screened households by house-to-house visits. Blood samples were collected and the level of anti-PGL-I IgM measured at two-time points.

Results
More than 183,000 people living in Kokosa district were screened. Dermatologists and clinical nurses with special training on leprosy confirmed the new cases, and their household contacts were included in the study. Of the 91 new cases diagnosed and started treatment, 71 were recruited into our study. Sixty-two percent were males and 80.3% were multibacillary cases. A family history of leprosy was found in 29.6% of the patients with cohabitation ranging from 10 to 30 years. Eight new leprosy cases were diagnosed among the 308 household contacts and put on multi-drug therapy. The New Case Detection Rate increased from 28.3/100,000 to 48.3/100,000 between 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Seventy one percent of leprosy patients and 81% of the household contacts’ level of anti-PGL-I IgM decreased after treatment. In conclusion,the results of the study showed the importance of active case detection and household contact tracing. It enhances early case finding, and promotes early treatment, thereby interrupting transmission and preventing potential disability from leprosy.
Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microbiota at the time of initial surgical intervention for children with hydrocephalus
Authors: Pandey Shailly , Whitlock Kathryn B. , Test Matthew R. , Hodor Paul , Pope Christopher E. , Limbrick David D. , McDonald Patrick J. , Hauptman Jason S. , Hoffman Lucas R. , Simon Tamara D. ,   on behalf of the Cerebrospinal FLuId MicroBiota in Shunts (CLIMB) Study Group
Published: June 2023

Objective
To characterize the microbiota of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with hydrocephalus at the time of initial surgical intervention.

Study design
CSF was obtained at initial surgical intervention. One aliquot was stored in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol (STGG) medium and the second was unprocessed; both were then stored at –70°C. Bacterial growth for CSF samples stored in STGG were subsequently characterized using aerobic and anaerobic culture on blood agar and MALDI-TOF sequencing. All unprocessed CSF samples underwent 16S quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) sequencing, and a subset underwent standard clinical microbiological culture. CSF with culture growth (either after storage in STGG or standard clinical) were further analyzed using whole-genome amplification sequencing (WGAS).

Results
11/66 (17%) samples stored in STGG and 1/36 (3%) that underwent standard clinical microbiological culture demonstrated bacterial growth. Of the organisms present, 8 were common skin flora and 4 were potential pathogens; only 1 was also qPCR positive. WGAS findings and STGG culture findings were concordant for only 1 sample, identifying Staphylococcus epidermidis. No significant difference in time to second surgical intervention was observed between the STGG culture-positive and negative groups.

Conclusion(s)
Using high sensitivity methods, we detected the presence of bacteria in a subset of CSF samples at the time of first surgery. Therefore, the true presence of bacteria in CSF of children with hydrocephalus cannot be ruled out, though our findings may suggest these bacteria are contaminants or false positives of the detection methods. Regardless of origin, the detection of microbiota in the CSF of these children may not have any clinical significance.
Soft Computing Techniques applied to solve Economic Emission Load Dispatch with the integration of Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Soni Jatin , Bhattacharjee Kuntal 
Published: June 2023

To enable accurate prediction and management of the output of renewable energy sources for optimal use.
To consider various physical constraints to make system more realistic.
To improve the efficiency and stability of power systems through advanced soft computing techniques.
Comparison of results with other recently developed algorithms.
An assessment of the fourth law of Kuryłowicz: does prototypicality of meaning affect language change?
Authors: De Smet Isabeau 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccording to the (in)famous fourth law of Kuryłowicz (K4), when a morphological doublet arises in a language, the newer form becomes associated with the prototypical, basic meaning, while the old form takes a secondary meaning. This paper takes a first attempt at a more thorough inquiry of K4 to assess whether prototypicality of meaning has an effect on morphological change. Three studies on historical Dutch are taken on: -enversus -splurals, the apocope of schwa and the apocope of -de.The effects of prototypicality are analysed both on a token level (differences in meaning within lemmas) as well as on a type level (differences between lemmas). As proxies for prototypicality of meaning (psycho)linguistic predictors are used, such as concreteness, age of acquisition, chronology of meaning, meaning frequency and metaphor. Results show no clear effect of prototypicality on a token level, but they do suggest an effect on a type level: more concrete meanings tend to show up more often with the newer variant. Yet these results may also be ascribed to iconicity as the newer variants in these cases are the shorter ones and concrete meanings tend to be represented by shorter words than abstract ones.
Three solutions for discrete anisotropic Kirchhoff-type problems
Authors: Bohner Martin , Caristi Giuseppe , Ghobadi Ahmad , Heidarkhani Shapour 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this article, using critical point theory and variational methods, we investigate the existence of at least three solutions for a class of double eigenvalue discrete anisotropic Kirchhoff-type problems. An example is presented to demonstrate the applicability of our main theoretical findings.