bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal face shape analysis from prenatal 3D ultrasound images
Authors: Sivera Raphael , Clark Anna E. , Dall'Asta Andrea , Ghi Tullio , Schievano Silvia , Lees Christoph C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
3D ultrasound imaging of fetal faces has been predominantly confined to qualitative assessment. Many genetic conditions evade diagnosis and identification could assist with parental counselling, pregnancy management and neonatal care planning. We describe a methodology to build a shape model of the third trimester fetal face from 3D ultrasound and show how it can objectively describe morphological features and gestational-age related changes of normal fetal faces. 135 fetal face 3D ultrasound volumes (117 appropriately grown, 18 growth-restricted) of 24-34 weeks gestation were included. A 3D surface model of each face was obtained using a semi-automatic segmentation workflow. Size normalisation and rescaling was performed using a growth model giving the average size at every gestation. The model demonstrated a similar growth rate to standard head circumference reference charts. A landmark-free morphometry model was estimated to characterize shape differences using non-linear deformations of an idealized template face. Advancing gestation is associated with widening/fullness of the cheeks, contraction of the chin and deepening of the eyes. Fetal growth restriction is associated with a smaller average facial size but no morphological differences. This model may eventually be used as a reference to assist in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies with characteristic facial dysmorphisms.
New Benchmarks on Demographic Disparities in Pivotal Trials Supporting FDA Approved Drugs and Biologics
Authors: Smith Zachary , Botto Emily , Johnson Otis , Getz Kenneth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
A lack of diversity and representation in clinical trials is an established issue in drug development, and the COVID-19 pandemic increased awareness of the problem among the general public. This awareness has led to increased pressure on drug development sponsors, as well as additional attention and regulation from federal bodies, to improve the diversity of clinical trials. This study updates existing baselines regarding demographic disparities, as well as detecting early signs that the situation may be starting to improve.
Methods
Building on an existing dataset, this study collected and analyzed pivotal trial demographic data for drugs and biologics approved by the FDA between 2007 and 2021. Demographic data were collected from applications on the FDA website and clinicaltrials.gov, and compared to indication-specific demographic data when available, or US Census estimates when they were not. Regression analyses were used to test for significant trends in reporting of demographic data and representation in pivotal trials, as well as the effect of representation on clinical trial duration and FDA review.
Results
Reporting of demographic data has improved significantly for all three demographic categories (sex, racial identity, and ethnic identity) over the observed time period (p < .0001). During this time period, overrepresentation of white participants has decreased significantly (p < .0001), and representation of Black participants has increased (p = .0003). Other racial and ethnic identities did not show significant trends. Representation of demographic subgroups were not significant predictors of trial duration except for the representation of Black participants, which was a negative correlation, indicating that as representation of Black participants increases, trial duration decreases (p = .0350).
Research on the Recyclable Design of Wooden Furniture Based on the Recyclability Evaluation
Authors: Zhang zhuoyu , Zhu Jiangang , Qi Qian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development of the economy and the change of people's aesthetic concept, the renewal of furniture has become more and more frequent. Among the huge amount used furniture, solid wood and wood-based panel furniture account for the vast majority, but the imperfective recycling system and the insufficient recycling efforts resulting in serious waste, which is contrary to the low-carbon transition and sustainable development means. Based on the whole life cycle theory of products, the recyclable designability of wooden furniture at all stages of design, manufacturing, sales, use, recycling were researched and analyzed, and feasible suggestions to the government, enterprises and consumers were proposed respectively. In particular, an evaluation index system and evaluation model for the recyclability of wooden furniture were established with an aim to quantitatively analyze the recycling of wooden furniture, which will provide certain references not only to achieve reasonable recycling and disposal of used furniture but also to solve the furniture recycling issues from various levels.
The incidence and risk of different indwelling times of peripherally inserted central catheter-related venous thrombosis in cancer patients: a retrospective analysis of 654 patients
Authors: Tan YuQin , Chen ShiLi , Xi YuXiang , Fang JingJing , Lai DanQi , Chen YanNi , Lin ZiQi , Xie RongZhi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of peripherally inserted central catheter-related venous thrombosis (PICC-RVT) in cancer patients with different indwelling times after PICC catheterization, and to explore the main factors related to PICC-RVT in cancer patients.
Methods
A retrospective study of a total of 654 cancer patients who underwent PICC insertion was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 in a tertiary hospital in Guangdong Province, China. The risk factors for PICC-RVT in cancer patients were analyzed by logistic regression, including the clinical symptoms of the patients and the monitoring of asymptomatic thrombosis in combination with color Doppler ultrasonography.
Results
The incidence of PICC-RVT in cancer patients reached 24.9% (n = 163), among which the incidence of thrombosis at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months and more was 30.6% (n = 11), 25.5% (n = 37) and 18.89% (n = 115), respectively. Multivariable analysis identified 6 variables: "age", "sex", "BMI", “with or without chemotherapy ", "different catheter indwelling duration" and "different cancer types". We observed a trend for a higher risk of PICC-RVT in cancer patients who were male (OR = 1.46, P = 0.035), were older than 69 years (OR = 1.76, P = 0.08), had a BMI < 18.5 (OR = 0.47, P = 0.015), and did not undergo chemotherapy (OR = 0.52, P = 0.048), which were determined to be independent influencing factors for PICC-RVT in cancer patients.
Conclusion
PICCs had a high incidence of thrombosis in the early indwelling period. The results suggest that patients with cancer who are male, elderly, emaciated, and not receiving chemotherapy should be monitored and treated to prevent PICC-RVT.
Web-based problem-based learning (PBL) and scenario simulation teaching in airway management for undergraduate students
Authors: Lin Yun , Wang Ting-ting , Hou Yuan-yuan , Wen Qing-ping , Lu Xin-yu , Gao Le-jun , Hersi Salad Abdirahman , Oliver Patrick J , Gao Peng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of web-based combination of problem-based learning (PBL) and scenario simulation teaching in airway management course for undergraduate anesthesia students.
Methods
Sixty-five undergraduate students participated in the web-based airway management course. Both pre- and post-class quizzes were administered to assess students' knowledge. The effectiveness of the teaching modality was observed by comparing the pre- and post-class quiz scores, along with the technical skills scores and non-technical skills scores in two simulation scenarios. Additionally, an anonymous questionnaire was distributed to evaluate the students' perceptions and experiences.
Results
The results revealed a significant improvement in students' scores on the second quiz after completing the PBL combined with simulation course compared to the first quiz (p < 0.001). Moreover, during the second simulation, students demonstrated enhanced technical skills across all four simulation scenarios (p = 0.030, p = 0.037, p = 0.028, p = 0.028, respectively), as well as non-technical skills (including task management, teamwork, communication, sustained vigilance, crisis identification, decision-making, and self-confidence). The questionnaire responses indicated that students found the course enjoyable and helpful in improving their problem-solving skills. Furthermore, 97.3% of the students believed that the course enhanced their self-learning and teamwork skills, while 97.22% of students felt that it facilitated the mastery of anesthesia skills.
Conclusions
The combination of PBL and simulation-based teaching proves to be a highly effective approach in online anesthesia education. It stimulates students' interest in learning and fosters the development of critical thinking and non-technical skills.
The nexus between air pollution and the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: Further evidence from wavelet coherence analysis
Authors: Aladag Erdinc 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The effect of the ambient air quality on the COVID-19 pandemic is a topic that has attracted much attention and still remains of current interest. The study area of Turkey is one of the countries with high case numbers, but there is no detailed investigation dealing with it in the literature. For this reason, the correlation and nexus between COVID-19 cases and deaths in Turkey with the air pollutants of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, CO, NO2 and O3 were determined between 1 April and 31 July 2021 using the statistical methods of correlation and wavelet coherence analysis. According to the findings, for the COVID-19 pandemic parameters, there were positive significant correlations with PM2.5, SO2, CO, and NO2 and an inverse significant correlation with O3. Wavelet transform coherence revealed that air pollution, which has significant effects on human life, was one of the main determinants of the spread and mortality linked to the pandemic. Additionally, it is notable that the national air quality improved during full lockdown periods in the country. The findings obtained in this study are expected to attract the attention of legislating and enforcing authorities and support more decisive steps being taken to reduce environmental pollutants and to control air pollution.
Factors Associated with Infectious Diseases Fellowship Academic Success
Authors: Khodadadi Ryan B. , Yetmar Zachary A. , Domonoske Cynthia L. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: A multitude of factors are considered in an infectious diseases (ID) training program’s meticulous selection process of ID fellows but their correlation to pre and in-fellowship academic success as well as post-fellowship academic success and short-term outcomes is poorly understood. Our goal was to investigate factors associated with subsequent academic success in fellowship as well as post-fellowship short-term outcomes.
Methods: In 2022, we retrospectively analyzed deidentified academic records from 39 graduates of the Mayo Clinic Rochester ID Fellowship Program (July 1, 2013- June 30, 2022). Data abstracted included demographics, degrees, honor society membership, visa/citizenship status, medical school, residency training program, United States Medical Licensure Exam (USMLE) scores, letters of recommendation, in-training examination (ITE) scores, fellowship track, academic rank, career choice, number of honors, awards, and abstracts/publications prior to fellowship, during training, and within 2 years of graduation.
Results: Younger fellows had higher USMLE step 1 scores, pre and in-fellowship scholarly productivity, and higher ITE performance. Female fellows had significantly higher USMLE step 3 scores. Prior research experience translated to greater in-fellowship scholarly productivity. Higher USMLE scores were associated with higher ID ITE performance during multiple years of fellowship, but USMLE step 2 clinical knowledge and 3 scores were associated with higher pre and in-fellowship scholarly productivity and receiving an award during fellowship. USMLE step 1 score did not correlate with fellowship performance beyond year 1 and 2 ITE scores.
Conclusions: Multiple aspects of a prospective fellow’s application must be considered as part of a holistic reviewprocess for fellowship selection. USMLE step 2 CK and 3 scores may predict fellowship performance across multiple domains.
Multiphoton Spectroscopy of a Dynamical Axion Insulator
Authors: Narang Prineha , Liebman Olivia , Curtis Jonathan , Petrides Ioannis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The unusual magnetoelectric transport present in Weyl semimetals can be compactly understood as manifestations of an underlying axion field, which itself is determined by the microscopic band structure. The axion couples nonlinearly to electric and magnetic fields and possesses a signature topological magnetoelectric response, leading to a modified form of Maxwell’s equations known as axion electrodynamics. Axions are naturally present in Weyl semimetals relating to the separation of the Weyl nodes in energy and in crystal momentum. In the presence of strong interactions, charge density-wave (CDW) order may develop which serves to gap the Weyl nodes and introduces corresponding collective excitations. When the inherent chiral symmetry of Weyl semimetals is spontaneously broken by the formation of CDW order, the resultant chiral condensate is endowed with intrinsic dynamics which yields a dynamical contribution to the axion field. However, unambiguous identification of this dynamical axion mode is challenging due to its inherent nonlinear coupling to electromagnetic fields. Therefore, we propose an all-optical protocol for verifying and characterizing dynamical axion collective modes in Weyl semimetals with CDW order. First, we show that axion collective mode can be excited using two-photon excitation schemes. Following excitation, the collective axion oscillations are then diagnosed by measuring the time-resolved Kerr rotation. Our results demonstrate a pathway towards utilizing multi-photon and entangled pair spectroscopies to identify new correlated phases in quantum matter.
Growth retardation associated with a novel DNMT3A variation in a Chinese boy: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Li-Xia , Yang Wu , Zhang Hongwen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background The human gene DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha) is involved in DNA de novo methylation essential for genome regulation and development. Pathogenic variants in DNMT3A are most commonly associated with variable overgrowth (such as Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome, TBRS), intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We identified a de novo DNMT3A variant in a Chinese boy with growth retardation. Case presentation A 2.8-year boy was hospitalized with a complaint of growth retardation for 24 months. He was born at 38 weeks of gestation. He showed obviously growth retardation since 3 months of age later, including weight and height. His motor and intellectual developmental milestone were slightly delayed. He began to rise head and turn over at 4 months, sit at 6 months, crawl at 7 months and work at 18 months, respectively. He began to speak a single word at 12 months and could speak few words at 2 years. At admission at 2.8 years of age, his weight was 9.6 kg (< P3th), height was 85.4 cm (< P3th), and head circumference was 45.2 cm (< P3th). He could run but could not jump with two feet, he could follow easy and simple instructions. Physical examination revealed no abnormal signs, especially no abnormal dysmorphic features. A de novo DNMT3A variant, c.911_913del (p.S304del), was identified using next-generation sequencing. His growth retardation was associated with DNMT3A variation. Conclusion We reported here the first case presented with growth retardation who was associated with a de novo DNMT3A variation in a Chinse boy. Our report has expanded on the clinical phenotype of the DNMT3A gene, which can also associated with growth retardation besides overgrowth.
Clinical Significance of Multi-Cancer Genome Profiling: Data from A Japan Hospital
Authors: Aoyama Rika , Nishikubo Hinano , Kawabata Kyouka , Kanei Saki , Yamamoto Yurie , Nishimura Sadaaki , Yashiro Masakazu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aim
New hopes for “precision cancer care” hinge on the success of individualized cancer genome profiling at predicting the therapeutic efficacy of various anticancer drug treatments in eligible patients. We aimed to clarify the significance of cancer genome profiling in Japan by analyzing the clinical data from cancer genome testing of various solid cancers at our hospital.
Materials and Methods
A total of 230 patients examined by one of three tests for multi-cancer genome profiling including NCC Oncopanel, FoundationOne CDx, and FoundationOne Liquid were retrospectively enrolled. Adequate treatment for each patient was discussed at the expert panel meeting according to the results from the genome profiling tests.
Results
The most frequent cancer types enrolled in this study were pancreas cancer, bowel cancer, and biliary cancer. Druggable cases comprised 108 (47%) of 230 cases, and 21 (9.1%) of 230 cases actually received medication. Partial Response (PR) was found in 7 (33%) of the 21 cases Three cases of biliary cancer and three cases of BRCA2 mutation were included among the seven PR cases.
Conclusion
Twenty-one (9.1%) of 230 patients were medicated in accord with multi-cancer panel data. Japanese patients with biliary tumors might derive benefit from multi-cancer genome profiling.
Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Morphing Characteristics of Bistable Laminates Embedded with 4D Printed Shape Memory Polymers
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Yang Guoquan , Pan Baisong , Sun Min , Zhang Guang , Chai Hao , Wu Huaping , Jiang Shaofei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The morphing characteristics of bistable laminates embedded with 4D printed shape memory polymers are investigated. Bistable laminates have potential applications in soft robotics due to their two stable states and ability to deform through both snap-through and snap-back processes. For example, a bistable laminate is triggered to snap back by a pneumatic-actuated method that allows it to grip objects. By reducing the snap-back load and increasing the snap-through load, the bistable laminate can be more easily driven to deform while maintaining good stiffness in its first stable state. 4D printed shape memory polymers have shape memory and recovery, A design method for suppressing and controlling the deformation of bistable laminates using 4D printed shape memory polymers is proposed in this paper. A numerical model of viscoelasticity of the laminate is established to study its deformation characteristics, and the numerical results are compared with experimental results with good agreement. The effect of shape memory polymers on the snap load and principal curvature of bistable laminates is also investigated. Finally, the interlayer interface bonding of the bistable laminates is examined in microscopic perspective. The results demonstrate that 4D printed shape memory polymers can effectively enhance the snap-through load and reduce the snap-back load of bistable laminates, achieving deformation suppression and control while maintaining good interlaminar bonding with carbon fiber composites. This study provides new insights and practical significance for the deformation suppression and active control of bistable structures.
Screening utility and acceptability of the Kiswahili-pGALS (paediatric Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine) at a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya-A diagnostic accuracy study.
Authors: Kawishe Jacqueline Evarist , Ngugi Anthony , Luchters Stanley , Foster Helen , Migowa Angela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Paediatric rheumatic diseases cause considerable disease burden to children and their families (1). Delayed diagnosis is a significant determinant of severity and mortality attributed to these conditions (2). pGALS is a simple clinical tool used to assess joints and identify musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions in school-going children to enable early referral to paediatric rheumatologists.
Objectives: This study aimed to translate and determine the diagnostic accuracy and acceptability of a Kiswahili version of the pGALS screening tool among Kiswahili-speaking children.
Methods: The pGALS screening questions were translated into Kiswahili according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) standard for translation of a tool. The validity of the Kiswahili PGALS was ascertained and acceptability rated (time taken, discomfort). Using systematic random sampling, we enrolled children aged 5–16 years presenting at the Aga Khan University Hospital’s (AKUH) emergency department in Kenya, who spoke Kiswahili and had symptoms suggestive of an MSK condition. Those already under follow-up at the paediatric rheumatology service at AKUH were excluded. MSK assessment was undertaken by two resident doctors using the newly translated Kiswahili-pGALS and findings were compared with a paediatric rheumatologist examination (‘gold-standard’) on the same day, and who was blinded to the pGALS findings. We analysed demographic details of the participants and determined the diagnostic accuracy by cross tabulation of the index test results by the results of the reference standard.
Results: One hundred children with a median age of nine years (IQR 7–11) were enrolled. The sensitivity and specificity of the Kiswahili-pGALS screening tool were 76.8% (95%CI 63.6–87.0%) and 40.0% (95%CI 23.9–57.9%), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 62.7% (95%CI 52.1–72.1%), area under the ROC was 0.58 (95%CI 0.48–0.68). The median time to perform the Kiswahili-pGALS was 5.0 minutes (IQR 3.5-6.0 minutes). Ninety percent of the guardians found the practice of Kiswahili-pGALS to have none, or only some discomfort.
Conclusions: The Kiswahili-pGALS’s was found to be a useful screening tool to aid early identification of MSK conditions in Kiswahili-speaking settings. However, the low specificity implies that relatively large number of false positives would still need to be reviewed by a rheumatologist if the tool is adapted for use.