bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objectivity, value-free science, and inductive risk
Authors: Hoyningen-Huene Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper I shall defend the idea that there is an abstract and general core meaning of objectivity, and what is seen as a variety of concepts or conceptions of objectivity are in fact criteria of, or means to achieve, objectivity. I shall then discuss the ideal of value-free science and its relation to the objectivity of science; its status can be at best a criterion of, or means for, objectivity. Given this analysis, we can then turn to the problem of inductive risk. Do the value judgements regarding inductive risk really pose a threat to the objectivity of science? I claim that this is not the case because they do not lower the thresholds scientifically postulated for objectivity. I shall conclude the paper with a discussion of under-appreciated influences of values on science, which indeed pose a serious threat to the objectivity of some scientific disciplines.
The Right Not to Be Subjected to AI Profiling Based on Publicly Available Data—Privacy and the Exceptionalism of AI Profiling
Authors: Ploug Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocial media data hold considerable potential for predicting health-related conditions. Recent studies suggest that machine-learning models may accurately predict depression and other mental health-related conditions based on Instagram photos and Tweets. In this article, it is argued that individuals should have a sui generis right not to be subjected to AI profiling based on publicly available data without their explicit informed consent. The article (1) develops three basic arguments for a right to protection of personal data trading on the notions of social control and stigmatization, (2) argues that a number of features of AI profiling make individuals more exposed to social control and stigmatization than other types of data processing (the exceptionalism of AI profiling), (3) considers a series of other reasons for and against protecting individuals against AI profiling based on publicly available data, and finally (4) argues that the EU General Data Protection Regulation does not ensure that individuals have a right not to be AI profiled based on publicly available data.
Capability of weld seam improvement techniques for the fatigue strength optimization of welded high strength steels
Authors: Werner Tom , Nitschke-Pagel Thomas , Dilger Klaus 
Published: March 2023

Abstract Fatigue-loaded welded constructions are mainly designed according to the experimental results of low-strength steels, although great knowledge about the properties of modern high-strength steels is available. Due to the increasing notch sensitivity with increasing yield strength, the applicable load amplitudes are mostly independent of the steel grade. This paper presents various options for exploiting the potential of high-strength steels subjected to cyclic loads. Therefore, different post-weld treatments are investigated. The calculated fatigue strength is thereby based on IIW guidelines. The results indicate a high potential for an increase in fatigue strength up to a calculated FAT class with a variable slope of FAT392. This is considerably higher than the currently valid base metal level of FAT160.
Theory and practical experience as two sides of a coin
Authors: Kaupp Angela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudents often complain that the content of their studies is not practice-oriented enough because they do not recognize the importance of theory. This theory–practice problem has long been discussed in teacher education. Explicit research on religious education (RE) is only just beginning. This article tries to evince some connectors between theory and practice at the university level by means of a higher-education didactical model in the field of RE. For this purpose, a didactical course in RE called "learning workshop for religious didactics" in the curriculum of practical theology as a new format for university didactics was introduced. Within the framework of the accompanying research, both the teaching and the reflection on this teaching were recorded on video, and the students’ competences were analysed. This contribution aims to highlight specifically how this didactical model contributes to the increase in students’ theological and didactical skills and promotes their own activity and self-reflection in teaching lessons. Since the students’ teaching topic is "world religions", this model also contributes to their development in addressing religious plurality.
Von Sprechakt und Text, Tat und Geist
Authors: Tiessen Margarete 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Ideengeschichte der »Cambridge School« ist sicherlich nur als eine mögliche methodische Nachfolgerin der alten »Geistesgeschichte« zu sehen, stellt aber doch gleichzeitig ihre wirkungsmächtigste Ablösung dar. Der Beitrag diskutiert das Verhältnis von Quentin Skinners Historiographie politischen Denkens und der Literaturwissenschaft und leitet damit über zu den Unterschieden zwischen der Ideengeschichte der »Cambridge School« und der deutschen Geistesgeschichte der Zwischenkriegszeit. Abschließend diskutiert er das Potenzial der Ideengeschichte für die Literaturwissenschaft sowie die Bedeutung der Literatur für die historische Erforschung von politischem Denken und politischen Ideen.
Precision Medicine in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Michalek Dominika A. , Onengut-Gumuscu Suna , Repaske David R. , Rich Stephen S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractType 1 diabetes is a complex, chronic disease in which the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas are sufficiently altered or impaired to result in requirement of exogenous insulin for survival. The development of type 1 diabetes is thought to be an autoimmune process, in which an environmental (unknown) trigger initiates a T cell-mediated immune response in genetically susceptible individuals. The presence of islet autoantibodies in the blood are signs of type 1 diabetes development, and risk of progressing to clinical type 1 diabetes is correlated with the presence of multiple islet autoantibodies. Currently, a “staging” model of type 1 diabetes proposes discrete components consisting of normal blood glucose but at least two islet autoantibodies (Stage 1), abnormal blood glucose with at least two islet autoantibodies (Stage 2), and clinical diagnosis (Stage 3). While these stages may, in fact, not be discrete and vary by individual, the format suggests important applications of precision medicine to diagnosis, prevention, prognosis, treatment and monitoring. In this paper, applications of precision medicine in type 1 diabetes are discussed, with both opportunities and barriers to global implementation highlighted. Several groups have implemented components of precision medicine, yet the integration of the necessary steps to achieve both short- and long-term solutions will need to involve researchers, patients, families, and healthcare providers to fully impact and reduce the burden of type 1 diabetes.
Current Concepts in Scapholunate Instability Without Arthritic Changes
Authors: Amarasooriya Melanie , Jerome Terrence Jose , Tourret Lisa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScapholunate instability (SLI) is the most common carpal instability described. SLI leads to a degenerative arthritic pattern known as scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC). Diagnosis of SLI can be challenging in pre-dynamic and dynamic stages. CT arthrogram, MR arthrogram and dynamic fluoroscopy are helpful in diagnosis while arthroscopy remains the gold standard. SLI is a multi-ligament injury, which involves not only the scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) but also the extrinsic carpal ligaments. Hence, it is better described as an injury compromising the ‘dorsal scapholunate(dSLL) complex’. A repair can be attempted for acute SLI presenting within 6 weeks of injury. Reconstruction is the mainstay of treatment for chronic SLI without degenerative changes. Multiple repair techniques have been described which include capsulodesis and tenodesis procedures. The clinical outcomes of the techniques have improved over the years. However, a common problem of all these techniques is the lack of long-term data on the outcomes and deteriorating radiological parameters over time. SLI staging is an important factor to be considered in choosing the reconstruction techniques for a better outcome. Currently, there is a trend towards more biological and less invasive techniques. Regardless of the technique, it is important to preserve the nerve supply of the dorsal capsuloligamentous structures of the wrist. Arthroscopic techniques being minimally invasive have the advantage of less collateral damage to the capsuloligamentous structures. Rehabilitation involves a team approach where a protected dart thrower’s motion is allowed after a period of immobilization. Strengthening SL-friendly muscles and inhibiting SL-unfriendly muscles is a key principle in rehabilitation.
Decompositions of moduli spaces of vector bundles and graph potentials
Authors: Belmans Pieter , Galkin Sergey , Mukhopadhyay Swarnava 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We propose a conjectural semiorthogonal decomposition for the derived category of the moduli space of stable rank 2 bundles with fixed determinant of odd degree, independently formulated by Narasimhan. We discuss some evidence for and furthermore propose semiorthogonal decompositions with additional structure.
We also discuss two other decompositions. One is a decomposition of this moduli space in the Grothendieck ring of varieties, which relates to various known motivic decompositions. The other is the critical value decomposition of a candidate mirror Landau–Ginzburg model given by graph potentials, which in turn is related under mirror symmetry to Muñoz’s decomposition of quantum cohomology. This corresponds to an orthogonal decomposition of the Fukaya category. We discuss how decompositions on different levels (derived category of coherent sheaves, Grothendieck ring of varieties, Fukaya category, quantum cohomology, critical sets of graph potentials) are related and support each other.
Measurements of the oscillatory lateral derivatives of a high incidence research model (HIRM 1) at speeds up to M = 0.8
Authors: O'Leary C. O. , Rowthorn E. N. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryTests were made to investigate the effects of Mach number on the oscillatory lateral derivatives of a three-surface, high-incidence research model (HIRM 1). Effects of Reynolds number and frequency parameter were also investigated at low speed. A new flexible sting and hydraulic actuator system were designed for the tests in the 2.4 m x 2.4 m Pressurised Wind Tunnel.Results showed that the effects of Reynolds number and frequency parameter were not very significant at low speeds but there were quite large effects of Mach number on some derivatives, notably yawing and rolling moments due to sideslip and rate of yaw.
The prospects for European aerospace transporters
Authors: Ashford D. M. , Collins P. Q. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis, the third part of the paper on aerospace transporters, considers their applications. It is concluded that a small nearterm vehicle would be useful for launching small satellites, for servicing satellites in orbit, for supplying space stations and as a lead-in to larger and more advanced vehicles. The latter have a potential cost per flight about 1000 times less than that of the Space Shuttle, given traffic levels sufficient to enable design and operational maturity to be achieved. Space tourism, (i.e. the making of short flights to Earth orbit by fare-paying passengers), would appear to be the first application likely to provide these traffic levels. Given high priority and an immediate start, the first space tourism flights could possibly take place this century.
Forward facing spike effects on bodies of different cross section in supersonic flow
Authors: Hutt G. R. , Howe A. J. 
Published: March 2023

The results of an experimental programme conducted in the University of Southampton's induced flow supersonic wind tunnel are presented. The pitch static force coefficient and centre of pressure data relate to a series of bodies with a blunt cone nose forebody with afterbodies comprising circular, square and triangular cross section. The blunt cone nose forebody has a forward located, body axis, aerodynamic spike system.The data presented reveals the well known benefits of aerospikes with blunt nosed axisymmetric vehicles. This is then used as a base to explore the coupled flowfield effects on force coefficients due to spike deployment on bodies of non-axisymmetric cross section. The results identify how the body-only benefits of triangular cross sections are not degraded by the spike presence, with the main aero-spike benefit of drag reduction preserved throughout the angle of attack range investigated.
Finite element solution of the transonic full-potential equation for the flow past axisymmetric configurations
Authors: Mehta R. C. , Jayachandran T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA finite element method is used for the solution of the full-potential equation in conservation of mass form. The finite element analysis allows the boundary conditions to be treated in simple and exact manner, without the use of a mapping scheme. An efficient finite element computational grid is employed in order to obtain an accurate converged solution. An iterative method is used to solve the full-potential equation. The iteration is in two parts, new values for the velocity potential are found by matrix inversion while the density is not updated, then new values of the density are found from the isentropic relation. The density field is then relaxed using new values for the potential in conjunction with an artificial viscosity. Results are obtained for different types of axisymmetric configurations. Comparison is made with available experimental data and good agreement is found for the pressure coefficient distribution over a suitable blunted cone-cylinder axisymmetric body. Further comparisons with experimental data are required in order to assess the method.
Some simple flows with vorticity
Authors: Humphreys D. A. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe report concerns the response of a shear flow to the insertion of a small obstacle at an impermeable wall. A calculation method is described which makes use of elementary potential flow theory although the solutions obtained are not potential flows. The first inviscid approximation to the response is computed explicitly in a number of different cases and qualitative features of the solutions are found in accordance with expectation. Their relevance to a more accurate determination of the flow is discussed.
What is formulation in psychiatry?
Authors: Owen Gareth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe practice of formulation has been both championed and severely criticised within clinical psychiatry and interest in formulation within the teaching of clinical psychiatry is at a low ebb. This article traces the history of the biopsychosocial model, the concept of diagnostic hierarchy and the role of ‘verstehen’ (or intersubjective meaning grasping) in the clinical assessment. All three of these concepts are considered relevant to the practice of formulation. Responding to challenges aimed at these concepts, it argues that formulation in psychiatry needs resuscitating and rethinking and provides some recommendations for a practice of formulation fit for the 21st century.
An Assessment of the Oceanic Physical and Biogeochemical Components of CMIP5 and CMIP6 Models for the Ross Sea Region
Authors: Rickard Graham J. , Behrens Erik , Bahamondes Dominguez Angela A. , Pinkerton Matt H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe physical and biogeochemical performance of 16 CMIP5 and 16 CMIP6 Earth System models (ESM) are examined relative to present day (1976–2005) observational data sets for a Ross Sea Region (RSR) containing the Ross Gyre (RG) and the Ross Sea Continental Shelf. A relative ranking scheme using error metrics and published ESM properties (including climate sensitivity parameters and anomalous deep ocean convection statistics) enables identification of a “best” ensemble of models for the RSR. Over the RSR the CMIP6 models are generally found to have improved physical representations compared to the CMIP5 set (based on our metrics for sea ice concentration, sea surface temperature, salinity, and height, and mixed layer depth), but the CMIP5 and CMIP6 biogeochemical representations remain similar. Examination of mean properties for the period 2081 to 2100 for RCP8.5 and SSP585 for CMIP5 and CMIP6, respectively, shows significant surface temperature increases, with significant decreases in sea surface salinity, sea ice concentration, and mixed layer depth across the RSR. Biogeochemically, there are generally small increases in surface values for chlorophyll, integrated primary production, and zooplankton carbon concentrations. The projections also have robust reductions in surface nitrate, phosphate, and silicate across the RSR. For that part of the RG circulation to the east of 180°E—which we refer to as the “inner RG”—significant barotropic transport increases are found by the end of century.
The Representation of Sea Salt Aerosols and Their Role in Polar Climate Within CMIP6
Authors: Lapere Rémy , Thomas Jennie L. , Marelle Louis , Ekman Annica M. L. , Frey Markus M. , Lund Marianne Tronstad , Makkonen Risto , Ranjithkumar Ananth , Salter Matthew E. , Samset Bjørn Hallvard , Schulz Michael , Sogacheva Larisa , Yang Xin , Zieger Paul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNatural aerosols and their interactions with clouds remain an important uncertainty within climate models, especially at the poles. Here, we study the behavior of sea salt aerosols (SSaer) in the Arctic and Antarctic within 12 climate models from CMIP6. We investigate the driving factors that control SSaer abundances and show large differences based on the choice of the source function, and the representation of aerosol processes in the atmosphere. Close to the poles, the CMIP6 models do not match observed seasonal cycles of surface concentrations, likely due to the absence of wintertime SSaer sources such as blowing snow. Further away from the poles, simulated concentrations have the correct seasonality, but have a positive mean bias of up to one order of magnitude. SSaer optical depth is derived from the MODIS data and compared to modeled values, revealing good agreement, except for winter months. Better agreement for aerosol optical depth than surface concentration may indicate a need for improving the vertical distribution, the size distribution and/or hygroscopicity of modeled polar SSaer. Source functions used in CMIP6 emit very different numbers of small SSaer, potentially exacerbating cloud‐aerosol interaction uncertainties in these remote regions. For future climate scenarios SSP126 and SSP585, we show that SSaer concentrations increase at both poles at the end of the 21st century, with more than two times mid‐20th century values in the Arctic. The pre‐industrial climate CMIP6 experiments suggest there is a large uncertainty in the polar radiative budget due to SSaer.
Estimating Groundwater Recharge in Fully Integrated pde‐Based Hydrological Models
Authors: Waldowski Bastian , Sánchez‐León Emilio , Cirpka Olaf A. , Brandhorst Natascha , Hendricks Franssen Harrie‐Jan , Neuweiler Insa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGroundwater recharge is the main forcing of regional groundwater flow. In traditional partial‐differential‐equation (pde)‐based models that treat aquifers as separate compartments, groundwater recharge needs to be defined as a boundary condition or it is a coupling condition to other compartments. Integrated models that treat the vadose and phreatic zones as a continuum allow for a more sophisticated calculation of subsurface fluxes, as feedbacks between both zones are captured. However, they do not contain an explicit groundwater‐recharge term so it needs to be estimated by post‐processing. Groundwater recharge consists of changes in groundwater storage and of the flux crossing the water table, which can be calculated based on hydraulic gradients. We introduce a method to evaluate the change of groundwater storage by a time‐cumulative water balance over the depth section of water table fluctuations, avoiding the use of a specific yield. We demonstrate the approach first by a simple 1‐D vertical model that does not allow for lateral outflow and illustrates the ambiguity of computing groundwater recharge by different methods. We then apply the approach to a 3‐D model with a complex topography and subsurface structure. The latter example shows that groundwater recharge is highly variable in space and time with notable differences between regional and local estimates. Local heterogeneity of topography or subsurface properties results in complex redistribution patterns of groundwater. In fully integrated models, river‐groundwater exchange flow may severely bias the estimate of groundwater recharge. We, therefore, advise masking out groundwater recharge at river locations.
Large‐Domain Multisite Precipitation Generation: Operational Blueprint and Demonstration for 1,000 Sites
Authors: Papalexiou Simon Michael , Serinaldi Francesco , Clark Martyn P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStochastic simulations of spatiotemporal patterns of hydroclimatic processes, such as precipitation, are needed to build alternative but equally plausible inputs for water‐related design and management, and to estimate uncertainty and assess risks. However, while existing stochastic simulation methods are mature enough to deal with relatively small domains and coarse spatiotemporal scales, additional work is required to develop simulation tools for large‐domain analyses, which are more and more common in an increasingly interconnected world. This study proposes a methodological advancement in the CoSMoS framework, which is a flexible simulation framework preserving arbitrary marginal distributions and correlations, to dramatically decrease the computational burden and make the algorithm fast enough to perform large‐domain simulations in short time. The proposed approach focuses on correlated processes with mixed (zero‐inflated) Uniform marginal distributions. These correlated processes act as intermediates between the target process to simulate (precipitation) and parent Gaussian processes that are the core of the simulation algorithm. Working in the mixed‐Uniform space enables a substantial simplification of the so‐called correlation transformation functions, which represent a computational bottle neck in the original CoSMoS formulation. As a proof of concept, we simulate 40 years of daily precipitation records from 1,000 gauging stations in the Mississippi River basin. Moreover, we extend CoSMoS incorporating parent non‐Gaussian processes with different degrees of tail dependence and suggest potential improvements including the separate simulation of occurrence and intensity processes, and the use of advection, anisotropy, and nonstationary spatiotemporal correlation functions.