bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating multi-period crop distribution maps for Southern Africa using a data fusion approach
Authors: Dijk Michiel van , Wood-Sichra Ulrike , Ru Yating , Palazzo Amanda , Havlik Petr , You Liangzhi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Detailed data on the location of crops is essential to inform national food and agricultural policies. A key source of information on the spatial distribution of crops are the global datasets produced with the Spatial Production Allocation Model (SPAM). SPAM uses an optimization approach to allocate national and subnational crop statistics for four production systems, informed by spatial information on both biophysical (e.g. suitability and potential yield) and socio-economic (e.g. market access and population density) drivers of crop location. The SPAM crop distribution maps are produced at a resolution of 5 arc minutes, which is often too coarse for detailed country and subnational assessments, which require higher resolution products and the flexibility to subsume more detailed information from national sources. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate an extended and improved version of SPAM, which is able to (a) produce maps at a higher resolution than the current existing global maps; (b) incorporate additional and more detailed information on the location of crops (i.e. from OpenStreetMap); and (c) create linked maps that can be compared over time. The model is applied to seven countries in Southern African region. Detailed results are presented for maize and irrigated wheat production in Southern Africa. Maize is widespread in Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe, Angola and Zambia, while very little maize is grown in Botswana and Namibia. Wheat is predominantly located in the Central and Southern provinces of Zambia, which overlaps with the location of commercial farm blocks, and is widespread in Zimbabwe. A validation using information on the location of a large number of crops from household surveys for Malawi and Zambia showed 75%-100% true positives for most crops. The model is performing less well for a few marginal crops that are only grown in specific regions and several crops that are observed throughout the country. The crop distribution maps can be used to support regional crop monitoring systems, guide investment decisions and inform national assessments of food security under socio-economic and climate change.
The Nimble Stage 1 Study Validates Diagnostic Circulating Biomarkers for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Sanyal Arun , Shankar Sudha , Yates Katherine , Bolognese James , Daly Erica , Dehn Clayton , Neuschwander-Tetri Brent , Kowdley Kris , Vuppalanchi Raj , Behling Cynthia A. , Tonascia James , Samir Anthony , Sirlin Claude , Sherlock Sarah , Fowler Kathryn , Heymann Helen , Kamphaus Tania , Loomba Rohit , Calle Roberto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
There are no approved noninvasive tests (NIT) for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and its histological phenotypes.
Methods
The FNIH-NIMBLE consortium tested 5 serum-based NIT panels for the following intended uses: NIS4: At-risk NASH, a composite of NASH with NAFLD activity score (NAS) ≥ 4 and fibrosis stage ≥ 2, OWLiver: NASH and NAS ≥ 4, enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF), PROC3 and Fibrometer VCTE: fibrosis stages ≥ 2, ≥ 3 or 4. Aliquots from a single blood sample obtained within 90 days of histological confirmation of NAFLD were tested. The prespecified performance metric tested for was a diagnostic AUROC greater than 0.7 and superiority to ALT for diagnosis of NASH or NAS ≥ 4 and to FIB-4 for fibrosis.
Results
A total of 1073 adults including NASH (n = 848), at-risk NASH (n = 539) and fibrosis stages 0–4 (n = 222, 114, 262, 277 and 198 respectively) were studied. The AUROC of NIS4 for at-risk NASH was 0.81 and superior to ALT and FIB4 (p < 0.001 for both). OWliver diagnosed NASH with sensitivity and specificity of 77.3% and 66.8% respectively. The AUROCs (95% CI) of ELF, PROC3 and Fibrometer VCTE respectively for fibrosis were as follows: ≥ stage 2 fibrosis [0.82 (0.8–0.85), 0.8 (0.77–0.83), and 0.84 (0.79–0.88)], ≥ stage 3 [0.83 (0.8–0.86), 0.76 (0.73–0.79), 0.85 (0.81–0.9), stage 4 [0.85 (0.81–0.89), 0.81 (0.77–0.85), 0.89 (0.84–0.95)]. ELF and Fibrometer VCTE were significantly superior to FIB-4 for all fibrosis endpoints (p < 0.01 for all).
Conclusions
These data support the further development of NIS4, ELF and Fibrometer VCTE for their intended uses.
Exploring the types of therapeutic and psychosocial interventions accessed by people with a diagnosis of alcohol related brain damage (ARBD). A qualitative study
Authors: MSc Daniel Mushens BA BSc(hons) 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Aims
Research into psychosocial and therapeutic interventions that people with a diagnosis of alcohol related brain damage (ARBD) access to further their recovery is scarce. The aim of this research project was to explore the potential benefits or limitations that such interventions can have for in relation to their quality of life (QOL) as well as advancing this field of knowledge.
Methods
A search of the literature was completed to ascertain what is known of this topic. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out with six participants with a diagnosis of ARBD residing in a supported residential setting. A grounded theory methodology was utilised to identify emerging themes.
Results
The themes of family input, television and technology; choice, decision making and goal-setting were identified as being key themes of participant responses with the various roles of television being of particular interest.
Conclusion
The role of family can be helpful in many ways as well as providing a source of hope and motivation and should be promoted whenever possible. Offering people with ARBD therapeutic opportunities should be encouraged as low motivation and indecision may be present. However, the multi-functioning role that television can play in the recovery process was most surprising and should be explored further by researchers.
Analysis of the effects of climate change on the gyre in Lake Biwa, Japan
Authors: Koue Jinichi , Shimadera Hikari , Matsuo Tomohito , Kondo Akira 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe currents of gyre (circulation) flow play an important role in the transportation and mixing of dissolved or suspended nutrients and chemical substances. In recent years, climate change has affected the flow field in Lake Biwa. However, how much climate change can influence the flow field has not been clarified enough yet. In the present study, using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, we investigated the effect of changes in air temperature, wind speed, and precipitation on the change of the flow field in Lake Biwa. For sensitivity analysis, numerical simulations were performed for a baseline case using realistic meteorological data from 2007 to 2012, as well as hypothetical cases using meteorological data. The analysis revealed that the changes in air temperature and precipitation changed stratification and vorticity in the surface layer in each season. The strength of the stratification affected the gyre strength in the surface layer. The change in wind speed, on the other hand, changed the wind stress acting on the lake's surface, influencing the strength of gyre significantly. Increased wind speed lengthened the radius of the gyre in Lake Biwa, while decreased wind speed made it weaker above and below the thermocline.
Numerical investigation of silted-up dam-break flow with different silted-up sediment heights
Authors: Gu Zhenghua , Wang Tinghui , Meng Wenkang , Yu Ching-hao , An Ruidong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The silted-up sediment in the reservoir may have a significant influence on the propagation of dam-break flows. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the silted-up dam-break flow is carried out. In this paper, simulations of three-dimensional silted-up dam-break flow are carried out. A kind of Eulerian–Eulerian two-fluid model (TFM), coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) methods, is presented. In order to calculate the motions of the air–water interface and the sediment simultaneously, kinetic particle theory (KPT) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are combined. The rheology-based constitutive equations of sediment are also considered to simulate scouring and deposition. In addition, a partial-slip boundary condition (BC) for the velocity of the sediment phase at stationary walls is implemented. The simulation results of the benchmark case demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively simulate the silted-up dam-break flow while taking into account multi-interface capturing problems. Subsequently, the simulations of the silted-up dam-break flow over dry are investigated numerically in a three-dimensional long channel. The simulated results reveal that, in the dam-break flows, the silted-up sediment height has a significant influence on wave propagation, dynamic pressure loads, sediment transport, and sediment deposition.
Review on the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by persulfate activated with zero-valent iron-based materials
Authors: Chen Zhiguo , Cao Wenqing , Bai He , Zhang Rong , Liu Yiyun , Li Yan , Song Jingpeng , Liu Juncheng , Ren Gengbo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) are often used in industrial processes, and they have been found in groundwater with increasing frequency in recent years. Several typical CHCs, including trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), carbon tetrachloride (CT), etc., have strong cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity, posing a serious threat to human health and ecological environment. Advanced persulfate (PS) oxidation technology based on nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) has become a research hotspot for CHCs degradation in recent years. However, nZVI is easily oxidized to form the surface passivation layer and prone to aggregation in practical application, which significantly reduces the activation efficiency of PS. In order to solve this problem, various nZVI modification solutions have been proposed. This review systematically summarizes four commonly used modification methods of nZVI, and the theoretical mechanisms of PS activated by primitive and modified nZVI. Besides, the influencing factors in the engineering application process are discussed. In addition, the controversial views on which of the two (SO4·- and ·OH) is dominant in the nZVI/PS system are summarized. Generally, SO4·- predominates in acidic conditions while ·OH prefers neutral and alkaline environments. Finally, challenges and prospects for practical application of CHCs removal by nZVI-based materials activating PS are also analyzed.
Novel STAT3 Inhibitor Exerts Anti-breast Cancer Effects Both In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Liu Zhe , Sun Yiming , Yu Meiling , Huang Yingying , Ma Liang , Kong Lingti 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Signal transduction
and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) have been demonstrated to play important roles in breast cancer.
However, no direct inhibitor of STAT3 has been approved by the FDA for clinical use.

Objective:
LL1 is a newly designed STAT3 inhibitor that we identified. In this study, we investigated the
cytotoxic effect of LL1 on breast cancer cells and its potential mechanisms.

Methods:
Colony formation and CCK-8 assay were used to detect the anti-proliferation of LL1. Flow
cytometry was used to evaluate mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis in breast cancer cells
following the treatment of LL1. The expression of proteins was analyzed using western blot, and the invasion
and migration of cells were analyzed by wound healing assay and transwell assay. The xenograft
model was used to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of LL1 in vivo.

Results:
LL1 selectively inhibited the expression of p-STAT3, but had no obvious effect on total STAT3.
LL1 exhibited great potential in suppressing the proliferation of breast cancer in vitro. Moreover, LL1
induces apoptosis and the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential in breast cancer cells. LL1 can
also inhibit the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. These cell biology changes may be induced
via the regulation of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved-caspase3, Survivn, Mmp-2, Mmp-9, N-cadherin, E-cadherin,
vimentin, c-myc and cyclin D1 by LL1. In addition, LL1 exhibited great antitumor activity in vivo.

Conclusion:
Our study suggested that LL1 can be considered a promising candidate for the treatment of
breast cancer.
Evolution of Guideline Recommendations on Insulin Therapy in Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus Over the Last Two Decades: A Narrative Review
Authors: Chadha Manoj , Jain Sunil M. , Chawla Rajeev , Dharmalingam Mala , Chaudhury Tirthankar , Talwalkar P.G. , Tripathi Sudhir , Singh S.K. , Gutch Manish , Dasgupta Arundhati 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been increasing worldwide. As the therapeutic
options for type 2 diabetes mellitus have evolved over the last 2 decades, national and global
guidelines related to type 2 diabetes mellitus pharmacotherapy issued by various organizations
have tended to vary in their recommendations. This narrative review aimed to analyze the key recommendations
by major global and national guidelines on the initiation of insulin therapy in patients
with type 2 diabetes mellitus over the last 20 years. Strategies for insulin therapy for titration
and intensification were also assessed. All guidelines recommend initiation of insulin (basal/
premixed/other formulations) when glycemic targets are not achieved despite lifestyle measures
and oral antidiabetic drugs. In the recent decade, early initiation of insulin has been recommended
when the glycated hemoglobin levels are >10% or blood glucose levels are ≥300 mg/dL (16.7
mmol/L). Initiation is recommended at a dose of 10 units or 0.1-0.2 U/kg. Titration is advised to
achieve the optimal dosage, while intensification is recommended when glycemic targets are not
achieved despite titrating to an acceptable level. Glucose monitoring at periodic intervals is recommended
for adequate glycemic control. The guidelines further suggest that the choice of insulin
should be individualized, considering the clinical status of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The physicians as well as patients should be a part of the decisions made regarding the therapeutic
choice of regimen, preparation, and delivery device.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Effects of Berberine against Sodium Nitriteinduced
Oxidative Injury in the Rat Liver
Authors: Akhzari Morteza , Jalili Sajad , Rashno Sajad , Akmali Masoumeh , Foruozandeh Hossein , Barazesh Mahdi 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
Berberine is a plant derived alkaloid present in many plants that may has
ameliorating potential influences against inflammatory and oxidative conditions. The current study
aimed to evaluate the possible protective activity of berberine and investigate its probable mechanisms
against sodium nitrite toxicity in the liver.

Methods:
Forty male rats were divided into five groups. Group one, as the control group, received
normal saline, group two received berberine (100 mg.kg-1), and group three received sodium nitrite
(80 mg.kg-1). Groups four and five received berberine in doses of 50 and 100 mg.kg-1, respectively,
and sodium nitrite (80 mg.kg-1) was given orally. All the doses were orally administrated for two
months. Then, at the end of the 60th day, the animals were sacrificed, and the liver homogenate was
prepared. For evaluating the oxidative injury the levels of albumin (ALB) and aspartate transaminase
(AST) in the serum and oxidative stress parameters in the liver were analyzed.

Results:
Treatment of rats with sodium nitrite considerably increased the levels of serum AST and
liver superoxide anion and significantly reduced the levels of serum ALB, hepatic superoxide dismutase
(SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT) activity in the liver tissue.
Berberine treatment could ameliorate all these parameters dose dependently. Berberine at a dose of
100 mg.kg-1 had the best impact and reached the values of oxidative stress parameters to the normal
level.

conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that berberine in a dose-dependent manner offered protection
against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative injury in liver, which possibly reflects the antioxidant
abilities of this alkaloid.
Siah2 Inhibitor and the Metabolic Antagonist Oxamate Retard Colon
Cancer Progression and Downregulate PD1 Expression
Authors: Zakaria Sherin , Elsebaey Samar , Allam Shady , Abdo Walied , El-Sisi Alaa 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Solid tumors such as colon cancer are characterized by rapid and sustained
cell proliferation, which ultimately results in hypoxia, induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-
1α (HIF-1α), and activation of glycolysis to promote tumor survival and immune evasion. We
hypothesized that a combinatorial approach of menadione (MEN) as an indirect HIF-1α inhibitor
and sodium oxamate (OX) as a glycolysis inhibitor may be a promising treatment strategy for colon
cancer.

Objectives:
We investigated the potential efficacy of this combination for promoting an antitumor
immune response and suppressing tumor growth in a rat model of colon cancer.

Methods:
Colon cancer was induced by once-weekly subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg dimethylhydrazine
(DMH) for 16 weeks. Control rats received the vehicle and then no further treatment
(negative control) or MEN plus OX for 4 weeks (drug control). Dimethylhydrazine-treated rats
were then randomly allocated to four groups: DMH alone group and other groups treated with
MEN, OX, and a combination of (MEN and OX) for 4 weeks. Serum samples were assayed for
the tumor marker carbohydrate antigen (CA19.9), while expression levels of HIF-1α, caspase-3,
PHD3, LDH, and PD1 were evaluated in colon tissue samples by immunoassay and qRT-PCR.
Additionally, Ki-67 and Siah2 expression levels were examined by immunohistochemistry.

Results:
The combination of MEN plus OX demonstrated a greater inhibitory effect on the expression
levels of HIF-1α, Siah2, LDH, Ki-67, and PD1, and greater enhancement of caspase-3
and PHD3 expression in colon cancer tissues than either drug alone.

Conclusion:
Simultaneous targeting of hypoxia and glycolysis pathways by a combination of
MEN and OX could be a promising therapy for inhibiting colon cancer cell growth and promoting
antitumor immunity. Few recent patents are also reviewed in this article.
Synthetic Methodologies and SAR of Quinazoline Derivatives as PI3K Inhibitors
Authors: Raj Aditya , Kumar Adarsh , Singh Ankit Kumar , Singh Harshwardhan , Thareja Suresh , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
PI3K is an important anticancer target as it controls cellular functions such as growth, transformation, proliferation,
motility and differentiation. Plasma cell cancer (multiple myeloma) occurs more than 10% among all haematological
malignancies and accounts for 2% of all cancer-related deaths each year, it is mainly regulated by PI3K/AKT
signaling cascade. Quinazoline derivatives have been reported as promising PI3K inhibitors. Lapatinib, afatinib, gefitinib,
erlotinib, idelalisib and copanlisib are quinazoline-based, FDA-approved PI3K inhibitors, while compounds
like NVPBYL719, GDC-0032, AZD8186, AZD-6482, etc. are under different stages of clinical trials. In light of the
above-mentioned facts, in the present study, we have reported different synthetic approaches, mechanisms of anticancer
action, and structure-activity relationship analysis of reported quinazoline derivatives as PI3K inhibitors to help
researchers working in the field in designing better and isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors.
CYP1B1: A Promising Target in Cancer Drug Discovery
Authors: Fabris Marciéli , Luiza Silva Mariana , de Santiago-Silva Kaio Maciel , de Lima Ferreira Bispo Marcelle , Goes Camargo Priscila 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
CYP1B1 plays an essential role in cancer's pathogenesis since it activates procarcinogens. Significantly, this
enzyme catalyzes the hydroxylation of 17β-estradiol, leading to carcinogenic metabolites involved in carcinogenesis
and cancer progression. Therefore, the inhibition of CYP1B1 activity is considered a therapeutic target for chemotherapy.
In addition, CYP1B1 is overexpressed in hormone-dependent cancer cells and could be related to resistance to
anticancer drugs. However, the activity of CYP1B1 in the tumor microenvironment can metabolize and activate prodrugs
in cancer cells, providing more selectivity and being useful for chemoprevention or chemotherapy strategies.
Furthermore, due to its importance in anticancer drug design, recent studies have reported using computational methods
to understand the intermolecular interactions between possible ligands and CYP1B1. Therefore, in this perspective,
we highlight recent findings in developing CYP1B1 inhibitors (flavonoids, trans-stilbenes, estradiol derivatives, and
carbazoles) and CYP1B1-activated prodrugs (a chalcone DMU-135 and an oxime DMAKO-20). Finally, we have
analyzed their possible molecular interactions with this enzymatic target by molecular docking, which can help to
design new active substances.
Preventive Potential of Extracts of Some Dietary Plants against SARSCoV-
2 Infection
Authors: Farooq Saba , Atia-tul-Wahab  , Choudhary Muhamamd Iqbal , Atta-ur-Rahman  
Published: January 2023

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had emerged as an unprecedented
global health crisis. The pandemic resulted in over 672 million confirmed cases, and 6.84 million
deaths till date. Several dietary plants are known for their beneficial health effects due to their diverse
bioactive metabolites. Some of them are already reported for their therapeutic potential
against respiratory viral infections with excellent safety profiles. Thus they can serve as sources of
bioactive agents for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective:
With limited therapeutic options, the identification of safe, effective, and affordable
medicines for the SARS-CoV-2 infection are urgently needed. The primary aim of the current study
is to identify edible plant materials with preventive activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Method:
Extracts of 30 dietary plants were evaluated for their in cellulo anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential.
The antiviral activity was evaluated on SARS-CoV-2, propagated in Vero cell line (ATCCCCL-
81), followed by isolation of viral RNA, and its confirmation by qRT-PCR. Cytotoxicity of
extracts was evaluated by using MTT assay in the Vero cell line, while the reduction in viral load
was measured through plaque reduction assay. Furthermore, evaluations of the plant extracts on various
treatment targets were also performed in cellulo.

Results:
An extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek leaves) (part of the plant: leaves)
was identified as a promising inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 propagation with 98.7% reduction in the
formation of plaques at 50 μg mL−1. Moreover, Trapa natans L. (Water caltrop, fruit) (part of the
plant: fruit) also showed a 55.0% reduction in viral load at 50 μg mL−1. Both dietary plants exhibited
prophylactic effects against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Conclusion:
Trigonella foenum-graecum L., and Trapa natans L. and their bioactive metabolites
can be used as preventive agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results can form the basis
for the development of anti-viral nutraceutical formulations.