bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of protocatechuic acid on alleviation of pulmonary damage induced by cyclophosphamide targeting peroxisome proliferator activator receptor, silent information regulator type-1, and fork head box protein in rats
Authors: Salama Abeer , Elgohary Rania , Amin Mohamed M. , Elwahab Sahar Abd 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic agent that causes pulmonary damage by generating free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pulmonary damage has a high mortality rate due to the severe inflammation and edema occurred in lung. PPARγ/Sirt 1 signaling has been shown to be cytoprotective effect against cellular inflammatory stress and oxidative injury. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a potent Sirt1 activator and exhibits antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties. The current study aims to investigate the therapeutic impacts of PCA against CP-induced pulmonary damage in rats. Rats were assigned randomly into 4 experimental groups. The control group was injected with a single i.p injection of saline. CP group was injected with a single i.p injection of CP (200 mg/kg). PCA groups were administered orally with PCA (50 and 100 mg/kg; p.o.) once daily for 10 consecutive days after CP injection. PCA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the protein levels of MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation, NO and MPO along with a significant increase in GSH and catalase protein levels. Moreover, PCA downregulated anti-inflammatory markers as IL-17, NF-κB, IKBKB, COX-2, TNF-α, and PKC and upregulated cytoprotective defenses as PPARγ, and SIRT1. In addition, PCA administration ameliorated FoxO-1 elevation, increased Nrf2 gene expression, and reduced air alveoli emphysema, bronchiolar epithelium hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by CP. PCA might represent a promising adjuvant to prevent pulmonary damage in patients receiving CP due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects with cytoprotective defenses.
Performance Validity Test Failure in the Clinical Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Rates
Authors: Roor Jeroen J. , Peters Maarten J. V. , Dandachi-FitzGerald Brechje , Ponds Rudolf W. H. M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Performance validity tests (PVTs) are used to measure the validity of the obtained neuropsychological test data. However, when an individual fails a PVT, the likelihood that failure truly reflects invalid performance (i.e., the positive predictive value) depends on the base rate in the context in which the assessment takes place. Therefore, accurate base rate information is needed to guide interpretation of PVT performance. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the base rate of PVT failure in the clinical population (PROSPERO number: CRD42020164128). PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsychINFO were searched to identify articles published up to November 5, 2021. Main eligibility criteria were a clinical evaluation context and utilization of stand-alone and well-validated PVTs. Of the 457 articles scrutinized for eligibility, 47 were selected for systematic review and meta-analyses. Pooled base rate of PVT failure for all included studies was 16%, 95% CI [14, 19]. High heterogeneity existed among these studies (Cochran's Q = 697.97, p < .001; I2 = 91%; τ2 = 0.08). Subgroup analysis indicated that pooled PVT failure rates varied across clinical context, presence of external incentives, clinical diagnosis, and utilized PVT. Our findings can be used for calculating clinically applied statistics (i.e., positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios) to increase the diagnostic accuracy of performance validity determination in clinical evaluation. Future research is necessary with more detailed recruitment procedures and sample descriptions to further improve the accuracy of the base rate of PVT failure in clinical practice.
Energy-efficient routing protocol on public roads using real-time traffic information
Authors: Ali Zainab H. , Ali Hesham Arafat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWireless technology has been significantly expanding to perform automotive services related to enhancing road networks and increasing traffic safety. Internet of Vehicles (IoV), as a part of wireless sensor technology, has succeeded in making considerable progress in promoting and protecting human lives from the damage caused by traffic accidents. The road statistical reports demonstrated that utilizing data dissemination techniques in IoV to share timely information about the vehicle’s position with drivers plays a key in avoiding accidents occurrence. This type of technique enables data propagation in a collaboratively and efficient manner to boost real-time performance. However, several limitations have arisen in network bandwidth usage and power consumption, as well as communication reliability with increasing packet loss probability. The main objective of this study is to present a new vehicular architecture that supports the integration of Software-Defined networks and fog computing for enhancing VANET performance. An energy-efficient and QoS-aware routing technique allowing for control of excessive dissemination of data traffic across the networks is also proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol introduced an accurately controlling methodology in the transmission rate of data packets and communication reliability of VANET. There is a 50–60% enhancement of the whole power consumption and network throughput, depending on the implementation of the proposed geographical routing methodology.
Rural–Urban Educational Inequalities and Their Spatial Variations in China
Authors: Xiang L. , Stillwell J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExisting discussions of rural–urban education inequality focus primarily on education investment and/or attainment, with little attention being paid to the opportunities or potential that an area has to achieve better educational outcomes. This study presents a new analytical framework based on Amartya Sen’s capability approach for a better understanding of rural–urban education disparity. In addition, the rural–urban definitions for educational research are clarified and the effects of a wide range of Central Government policies aimed at reducing the rural–urban educational gap are assessed. The results suggest: inadequate investment (e.g., funding and high-quality teaching resources) in rural education in some regions, especially middle and high schools; inappropriate partitioning of the national territory by the Government for policy implementation; and negative effects resulting from the school consolidation policy. The latter will influence the ability of some rural areas to match the educational achievements of their urban counterparts. This research also reveals that the existing rural–urban gap will be unlikely to narrow under the current policy regime. A conventional approach based on investment and outcomes alone in rural–urban disparity research and policy may overlook the important interactions and conversion processes that are important for mitigating rural–urban disparities.
Dynamic Modelling and Experimental Testing of a Dynamic Directional Amplification Mechanism for Vibration Mitigation
Authors: Kalderon Moris , Mantakas Antonis , Antoniadis Ioannis 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Inertial amplification of an oscillating mass has been considered by various researchers as a means to introduce enhanced vibration control properties to a dynamic system. In this paper an experimental prototype of a novel inertial amplifier, namely the Dynamic Directional Amplification mechanism (DDA), is developed and its dynamic response is subsequently evaluated. The DDA is realized by imposing kinematic constraints to the degrees of freedom (DoFs) of a simple oscillator, hence inertia is increased by coupling the horizontal and vertical motion of the model.

Methods
The concept and mathematical framework of the amplifier are introduced and then validated with experimental measurements conducted on the vertical shaking table, located in the Dynamics & Acoustics Laboratory, National Technical University of Athens.

Results
Analysis indicates the beneficial effect of the DDA to the dynamic response of the oscillator when compared to the initial structure, showcasing a decrease in the acceleration values and shift of the resonating frequency in the derived transfer functions.

Conclusions
The key novelty of the DDA lies in its inertial amplification properties, introduced by a simple geometry and easy-to-apply structure. The proposed framework may be incorporated in applications such as sound and vibration isolators, acoustic panels, acoustic and seismic metamaterials and other vibration control devices that aim to explore the DDA’s dynamic amplification properties. The mechanism has been previously applied by the authors to phononic and locally resonant metamaterials aiming to introduce bandgaps within the low-frequency domain.

Graphical Abstract
Experimental and numerical investigations of biochar-facilitated Cd2+ transport in saturated porous media: role of solution pH and ionic strength
Authors: Zhou Dan , Bao Xingyue , Chen Zhe , Liu Rui , Huang Mingzheng , Xia Yonglian , Li Chao , Huang Yi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe nanoscale biochar (N-BC) generated during the production and weathering of bulk biochar has caused significant concerns for its cotransport with contaminants spreading the contamination. In this study, the cotransport behaviors of N-BC with Cd2+ under variable solution chemistry were investigated for the first time, which can pose environmental contamination risks but have received little attention. The column experiment results showed that increasing ionic strength (IS) or decreasing pH retarded the transport of N-BC but promoted the transport of Cd2+ in their individual transport. In cotransport scenarios, Cd2+ facilitated the deposition of N-BC on the quartz sand with increasing IS or decreasing pH by providing additional sorption sites and led to the ripening of N-BC via cation bridging. N-BC retarded the transport of Cd2+ under all conditions. However, lower pH and higher IS could facilitate the release of Cd2+ from the immobile N-BC. The cotransport modeling results demonstrated that the Cd2+ adsorption on and desorption from the immobile N-BC controlled the retention and release of Cd2+ under variable pH and IS, while the influence of mobile N-BC on Cd2+ transport was minor. This study provided new insight for evaluating the potential contamination-spreading risks and suggested that rational use of biochar with great caution is necessary.
Graphical Abstract
Solitary wave solutions of the MRLW equation using a spatial five-point stencil of finite difference approximation
Authors: Alotaibi Nouf , Alzubaidi Hasan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a finite difference scheme with a three-level time and a five-point stencil in space to solve an initial boundary value problem for the MRLW equation. The scheme is shown to be marginally stable and convergent with a fourth-order convergence in the space direction and a second-order convergence in the time variable direction with regard to the maximum norm. The conservation properties of the proposed scheme are assessed using the three motion invariants for mass, momentum, and energy. To validate the theoretical results, numerical experiments are given for both single and interaction of two and three solitary waves.
Forecasting temperature of the Saudi Arabian Province of Makkah using a discrete state–space modeling approach
Authors: Aljeddani Sadiah Mohammed Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe maximum and minimum air temperature components (Tmax and Tmin) play a crucial role in science. This study proposes a discrete-time identified state-space modeling approach in which the temperature fluctuation was modelled as a state-space system with the temperature time series as inputs. We aim to provide a tool for projecting future scenarios of Tmax and Tmin. The current research employs a prediction-focused methodology to system identification, with the overarching goal of developing a realistic and dynamic system model. Data on the Tmin and Tmax recorded in the Saudi Arabian province of Makkah are used to test the accuracy and robustness of the proposed methodology. The proposed model was developed utilizing 120 years' (1901–2020) worth of historical monthly time series data on Tmax and Tmin. It was applied to anticipate future temperatures over the ensuing 60 years (up to 2080). For maximum temperature projections, the fit to the data or prediction focus was 87.04% and 85.14%, respectively for the identification (training) and validation phases of the model development. Akaike’s Final Prediction Error (FPE) and Mean Squared Error (MSE) values were observed to be 0.37 °C and 0.34 °C, respectively. The prediction focus during the identification and validation phases were 86.25% and 84.78%, respectively for the minimum temperature projection. The FPE and MSE values were 0.41 °C and 0.37 °C, respectively for this instance. The findings demonstrate that the recommended discrete state-space modeling approach may be utilized to predict temperature variations in the future.
Analysing and visualising bike-sharing demand with outliers
Authors: Rennie Nicola , Cleophas Catherine , Sykulski Adam M. , Dost Florian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBike-sharing is a popular component of sustainable urban mobility. It requires anticipatory planning, e.g. of station locations and inventory, to balance expected demand and capacity. However, external factors such as extreme weather or glitches in public transport, can cause demand to deviate from baseline levels. Identifying such outliers keeps historic data reliable and improves forecasts. In this paper we show how outliers can be identified by clustering stations and applying a functional depth analysis. We apply our analysis techniques to the Washington D.C. Capital Bikeshare data set as the running example throughout the paper, but our methodology is general by design. Furthermore, we offer an array of meaningful visualisations to communicate findings and highlight patterns in demand. Last but not least, we formulate managerial recommendations on how to use both the demand forecast and the identified outliers in the bike-sharing planning process.
The Fall of Virtuous Men: Mexican Film Noir, and the Crisis of Values in the Postrevolutionary State, 1950–1959
Authors: Chávez Landeros Daniel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInternational reconsideration of Mexican film noir is a recent phenomenon. For decades, Mexican film criticism tended to dismiss the importance of this tradition and even to deny its existence, often citing the presence of melodramatic elements in would-be noir films and the lack of a crime novel tradition for screen adaptations. By comparing two Mexican films to similar American productions and examining the local political and economic conditions of the former, this article argues that Mexican film noir had its own pessimistic viewpoints, which were borrowed from journalism and the illustrated press. These viewpoints were based on existing social ailments and delivered relevant criticism of the institutions, classism, and sexual norms of the postrevolutionary Mexican state of the 1940s and 1950s.
Kite performance measurements in natural wind
Authors: Hobbs S. E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKites are currently used in a number of applications (anemometry, aerial platform, traction), but very little information is available for the systematic design of kite systems. An experimental technique based on an instrumented tether for single-line kites is described. This was used to measure the performance of a variety of single-line kites. The analysis techniques are briefly outlined, and incorporate allowances for kite unsteadiness, the displacement of the kite from the anemometers, extrapolation of the line tension from the tether to the kite, and the kite’s velocity relative to the ground. The results are correlated with aspects of kite design, and specific recommendations for kite applications are made.
Future aeronautic environment FMS/ATC/Pilot
Authors: Deque R. , Bachelier P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The scope of the air-ground data links, which have been developed over the last ten years to meet the airlines' operational requirements, will be extended in future years.Air traffic control is one of the fields which will certainly make extensive use of this type of link. Indeed, it appears to be necessary to deal with the problem of traffic saturation globally by taking account of the navigation capabilities of modern aircraft as regards precision and the considerable automated flight/ground exchange possibilities which will be provided by future telecommunication networks.The contents of the messages exchanged between aircraft and air traffic control centres, and the interfaces with the human operators concerned, i.e. pilots and controllers, must form the subject of thorough investigations conducted with all the parties involved: constructors, equipment manufacturers, traffic control organisations, and airlines. Aerospatiale have already taken this problem into account in the various studies being performed within the framework of the PREFACE and FANSTIC programmes.
An investigation of supersonic oscillatory cavity flows driven by thick shear layers
Authors: Zhang X. , Edwards J. A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Flows around two-dimensional rectangular cavities driven by thick shear layers are investigated experimentally at two supersonic Mach numbers (Me = 1.5 and 2.5) to show the effects of variations in Mach number and length to depth ratio of the cavity. Flow oscillation is observed in the cavity. The characteristics of the oscillatory behaviour are determined by Mach number and the length of depth ratio of the cavity, as well as the shear layer spanning the cavity. Two oscillatory mechanisms can be identified: one in which a strong trailing-edge vortex and vortices which are shed from the leading-edge interact, the other in which a transverse oscillation of a single vortex occurs within the cavity. Changes in the time-dependent and the time-mean flow characteristics at different flow conditions are discussed.The time-dependent experimental results are compared with existing theoretical analyses of the frequencies. For one of these characteristic types of oscillation, the longitudinal oscillation, an existing theoretical description is improved with a modified phase relation.
Technical Note – Mean velocity and Reynolds shear stress in a turbulent boundary layer at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Bisset D. K. , Antonia R. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn eddy viscosity relation for the inner region is combined with an empirical wake function for the outer region of a turbulent boundary layer. The calculated distributions for the mean velocity and Reynolds shear stress are compared with both direct numerical simulation and experimental data in a zero pressure gradient boundary layer, mainly at low Reynolds numbers. The comparison is favourable in both the inner and outer regions of the flow.
Mobile satellite communications - current status of maritime systems
Authors: Thacker Keith 
Published: March 2023

Any review of the development of maritime satellite communications is essentially the history of Inmarsat and its predecessor system, Marisat. With perhaps two qualifications, one might extend the definition to mobile satellite communications generally. In the land mobile satellite communications domain two companies, Geostar and Qualcomm, have also made their mark. Geostar was recently declared bankrupt but Qualcomm continues to go from strength to strength.We are frequently asked ‘what is Inmarsat?'. The term Inmarsat is generally used, and used herein, to mean the permanent staff (the Directorate), Land Earth Station (LES) operators, manufacturers and value-added service providers who offer mobile satellite communications products or services via the satellites and other infrastructure which makes up the Inmarsat system. It is, essentially, a partnership but within it there is also internal competition. LES operators compete in the provision of telecommunications services (quality is consistently high, but they each decide what services to offer and at what tariffs). Manufacturers compete to secure market dominance and profitabilty for their products. Not all will be equally successful. More than anything, Inmarsat is a global partnership dedicated to meeting mankind's need to communicate while on the move. It aims to do so cost-effectively and using satellites.
The Global Diet Quality Score predicts diet quality of women of reproductive age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Baye Kaleab , Yaregal Zemenu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImproving diet quality is recognised as a double-duty action that can simultaneously address multiple forms of malnutrition. This study aimed to assess diet quality among non-pregnant non-lactating women of reproductive age (WRA) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A 1-d quantitative 24 h recall was conducted among 653 non-pregnant/non-lactating women. Diet quality, assessed using the women dietary diversity score (WDDS), the Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) and the Nova 4 classification reflecting consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), was compared. The proportion that meets the minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) was estimated. The average MDD-W score was 2·6 (sd 0·9), with only 3 % of women meeting the MDD-W (≥ 5 food groups). Consumption of wholegrain and legumes was high, but UPF were also consumed by 9 % of the women. GDQS was positively associated with WDDS, age and skipping breakfast and was negatively associated with eating out of home and UPF consumption (P < 0·05). The multivariate regression model showed that GDQS (total) was not associated with wealth but was significantly associated with both UPF and WDDS (P < 0·001). Unlike UPF and WDDS alone, GDQS was able to predict both nutrient adequacy and unhealthy dietary practices. The diet quality of WRA in Addis Ababa is low in diversity, possibly exposing them to higher risk of nutrient inadequacy and non-communicable diseases as reflected by the low GDQS. Understanding what drives food and dietary choices in urban settings is urgently needed.
ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS AND THE WINDING-UP PROCESS: RECONCILING COMPETING VALUES
Authors: Matos Shaun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCourts in a number of jurisdictions have attempted to resolve the relationship between winding-up proceedings and arbitration clauses, but a unified approach is yet to appear. A fundamental disagreement exists between courts which believe that the approach of insolvency law should be applied, and those which prefer to prioritise arbitration law. This article argues that a more principled solution emerges if the problem is understood as one of competing values in which the process of characterisation can offer guidance. This would allow both a more principled approach in individual cases, and a more coherent dialogue between courts which take different approaches to the issue.