bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
БЕЗПЕКА ДАНИХ В УКРАЇНІ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ VPN
Authors: ЛЕМЕШКО Андрій Вікторович , НОВІЧЕНКО Єлизавета Олександрівна , НЕДАВНІЙ Андрій Володимирович 
Published: February 2023

Початок XXI століття анонсував собою глобалізацію в усьому світі та швидкий розвиток інформаційних технологій, а саме мережі Інтернет, що в свою чергу допомогло зробити великий стрибок у розвитку передачі даних та доступності інформації серед великого кола людей.
Сьогодні Інтернет знаменує собою глобальний віртуальний світ з безліччю безкоштовної інформації та даних. Попит на нього зростає щодня, що спонукає постачальників інтернет послуг на постійний розвиток ринку.
На сьогоднішній день важко уявити світ без вільного доступу до Інтернету. На жаль, уряди деяких країн на законодавчому рівні обмежують доступ до тих чи інших ресурсів, що, в свою чергу, збільшує попит на розвиток та використання VPN технологій та сервісів. Деякі користувачі використовують VPN для анонімності в мережі Інтернет та отримання доступу до заблокованих ресурсів. Інші - користуються данною технологією для захисту особистої інформації. Під час вибору VPN-сервісу деякі користувачі керуються якістю послуг, які будуть надаватись, а інші - їх вартістю. Власники VPN-сервісів постійно вдосконалюють якість свої послуг та впроваджують нові технології.
Попит на VPN-сервіси, після початку повномасштабного російського вторгнення, в Україні виріс в рази - не тільки за рахунок блокування українських медіа ресурсів, а й за рахунок появи IT-армії України. Завдяки чому деякі VPN-сервіси почали безкоштовно надавати доступ українцям до своїх серверів.
VPN має декілька рівнів захисту такі як: шифрування даних, аутентифікація джерела даних, перевірка хешу, що в свою чергу забезпечує конфіденційність передаваємих даних в Інтернеті. В сумісності, це все допомагає підвищити рівень захисту особистих даних користувачів.
Громадяни України, котрі залишаються на тимчасово окупованих територіях, в більшій мірі, мають доступ тільки до російського медіа простору, за рахунок того, що український ресурси блокуються, а операторів зв'язку “глушать” та знищується їх інфраструктура. За допомогою VPN-сервісів вони можуть отримати доступ до українського медіапростору.
Il trattamento delle fonti nel dattiloscritto della Gloria di Giuseppe Berto
Authors: Vita Saverio 
Published: February 2023

Nella nota che conclude La gloria, romanzo dedicato alla storia di Cristo narrata dal punto di vista di Giuda, Giuseppe Berto indica le fonti alle quali ha attinto: l’edizione Oscar degli Evangeli (1973) e le traduzioni di Guido Ceronetti. Grazie a un dattiloscritto messo a disposizione dalla famiglia dell’autore, accompagnato da materiali avantestuali, il saggio si propone di ricostruirne l’effettiva influenza, rilevando però l’uso di ulteriori fonti non dichiarate, come la Riveduta Luzzi e l’opera del teologo Xavier Léon-Dufour.
The treatment of sources in the typescript of La Gloria by Giuseppe Berto
In the note at the end of La gloria, a novel dedicated to the story of Christ recounted from Judas' point of view, Giuseppe Berto mentions the sources he has taken inspiration from: the Mondadori Oscar edition of the Gospels (1973) and Guido Ceronetti's translations. Thanks to a typescript made available by the author's family, together with avantexts material, the essay sets out to retrace their actual influence, while noting the use of further unstated sources, such as the Riveduta Luzzi and the work of the theologian Xavier Léon-Dufour.
Dampak Wasting Time terhadap Proses Belajar pada Anak Remaja di Kelurahan Kekalik Jaya
Authors: Amirullah Muhammad , Sumardi Lalu 
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini berfokus pada dampak wasting time [menyia-nyiakan waktu] terhadap proses belajar pada anak remaja. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif karena untuk meneliti pada kondisi obyek yang alamiah. Sehingga strategi yang digunakan dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini yaitu dengan menggunakan strategi studi hanya pada lingkungan kelurahan kekalik jaya, kota Mataram, sehingga memudahkan proses pengumpulan data dan analisis data akan lebih mengarahkan pada suatu permasalahan yang sudah diobservasi sebelumnya. dalam penelitian ini saya mengambil sumber dari berbagai remaja-remaja di kelurahan kekalik jaya.Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini di lakukan dengan cara observasi dan wawancara di sekitaran kelurahan Kekalik jaya, kota mataram.Teknik analisis yang saya pake adalah deskriptif kualitatif di karenakan di lingkungan remaja banyaknya remaja pada saat ini pada sibuk bermain game dan menonton kartun ataupun filem, mereka sampai melupakan waktunya untuk belajar dan istirahat dengan hal ini membuat anak remaja tersebut menjadi malas. Hasil penilitian ini adalah di mana dampak wasting time terhadap proses belajar pada anak remaja di sebabkan oleh berbagai hal-hal yang di mana terjadi di karenakan remaja di era moderen ini banyak remaja menyikan waktunya untuk bermain dari pada belajar, di karenakan menurut mereka bermain itu lebih asik dari pada belajar.
Manajemen Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan (PKB) untuk Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru
Authors: Santoso Eko Budi , Murniati Ngurah Ayu Nyoman , Wuryandini Endang 
Published: February 2023

Profesionalisme guru bisa dilihat dari tanggung jawabnya dalam melaksanakan kewajiban sebagai profesi guru. Dalam hal ini kepala sekolah berperan untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme guru. Upaya untuk memperbaiki kinerja sama halnya dengan meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan. Diperlukan peran serta yang signifikan oleh para guru yang profesional dan berkualitas. Peran dan konstribusi guru bagi pendidikan tidak bisa dilepaskan. Kebijakan tentang peningkatan profesionalisme guru harus dilakukan dengan tepat. Profesionalisme guru dapat ditingkatkan melalui Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan sebagaimana terdapat dalam Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi (Permenegpan RB) No. 16 Th. 2009 Tentang Jabatan Fungsional Guru Dan Angka Kreditnya. Fokus penelitian ini adalah Manajemen Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan untuk Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru di SMP Negeri 1 Kajen Kabuapaten Pekalongan dengan sub fokus: 1) Perencanaan, 2) Pengorganisasian, 3) Penggerakan, dan 4) Pengendalian Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan untuk Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru di SMP Negeri 1 Kajen Kabuapaten Pekalongan. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Tahapan penelitian ini dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu (1) tahap pra lapangan atau orientasi; (2) tahap pekerjaan lapangan atau eksplorasi fokus; dan (3) analisis data. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi teknik. Analisis data dengan tiga langkah: reduksi data, kondensasi data, dan menarik simpulan.
Determinasi Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pembiayaan Bermasalah pada PT. Bank NTB Syariah Tahun 2021
Authors: Sarkasih Muhammad Reza , Taryono Taryono , Hermanto Koko 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembiayaan bermasalah di PT. Bank NTB Syariah. Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pembiayaan bermasalah ini bisa disebabkan dari sisi internal maupun eksternal. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah asosiatif dan bertujuan menentukan hubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Regresi linier digunakan untuk menganalisis data terkait dengan empat variabel independen yaitu CAR (X1), FDR (X2), GDP (X3), inflasi (X4) serta variabel dependen NPF (Y). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada Bank NTB Syariah secara parsial Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap rasio pembiayaan bermasalah yang diukur dengan Non Performing Financing (NPF), artinya semakin meningkatnya Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) akan menurunkan Non Performing Financing (NPF). Selain itu, diketahui pula bahwa secara parsial Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap rasio pembiayaan bermasalah yang diukur dengan Non Performing Financing (NPF), artinya semakin meningkatnya Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) akan menurunkan Non Performing Financing (NPF). Dan sebaliknya, setiap penurunan Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) akan meningkatkan Non Performing Financing (NPF).
Menurunkan Stres Akademik Siswa SMA NU Lemahabang dengan Menggunakan Teknik Self Intruction dan Self Efficacy
Authors: Khoirunnisa Khoirunnisa , Gumiandari Septi 
Published: February 2023

Stres akademik merupakan respon siswa terhadap berbagai tuntutan akademik yang siswa harus belajar mengenai hal biologis, psikologis, dan sosial yang melebihi batas kemampuan yang ditandai dengan reaksi fisik, emosional, mental dan perilaku. Salah satu teknik untuk membantu siswa dalam mengurangi stres akademik adalah teknik konseling 'instruksi diri' dan self-efficacy. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui teknik self instruction dapat mengurangi stres akademik, (2) Untuk mengetahui teknik self efficacy dapat mengurangi stres akademik. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah pnelitian kualitatif. Dilakukan survey pada siswa dan guru di SMA NU Lemahabang. Pada penelitian ini kedua teknik ini memiliki peran penting pada stres akademik siswa SMA. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dimana Teknik self-instruction memiliki pengaruh efektivitas yang penting bagi siswa dan ditunjukkan dengan baik pada prilaku dan pemikiran siswa. Teknik ini bisa digunakan sebagai komponen dalam sebuah strategi untuk menghilangkan stres akademik. Setelah siswa memiliki kesadaran untuk memperbaiki diri karena masalah yang mereka hadapi dan berdampak negatif. Guru akan mengajarkan siswa bagaimana mereka berpikir, merasa, dan bertindak, dan bagaimana hal itu dapat mempengaruhi orang lain melalui pendekatan diri. Sedangkan teknik self-efficacy yang menggunakan teknik permodelan dapat membuat efikasi diri semakin meningkat. Dan siswa akan menjadi lebih terampil serta berfikir positif pada setiap tindakan yang akan diambil.
Upaya Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Belajar Baca Tulis Al-Qur'an di Sekolah UPT SMP
Authors: Neliwati Neliwati , Sipahutar Nurhasanah , Hafiz Sylva Rahmah , Muliadi Muliadi 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kompetensi guru pendidikan agama Islam di SMP Negeri 35 Medan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis Al-Qur'an siswa, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, serta solusi yang diajukan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis Al-Qur'an siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui metode observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Wawancara dilakukan kepada tiga orang guru PAI di SMP Negeri 35 Medan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) kompetensi guru PAI di SMP Negeri 35 Medan diwujudkan melalui penyusunan RPP yang digariskan oleh pemerintah dengan menggunakan bentuk kurikulum 2013; 2) metode pengajaran yang digunakan-metode wahda bil kitab dan metode iqra; 3) faktor pendukung pelaksanaan pembelajaran PAI adalah guru, siswa dan lingkungan sekolah; 4) Kendala yang dihadapi adalah waktu pengajaran membaca dan menulis Al-Qur'an yang singkat, hanya 2 jam pelajaran, kurangnya fasilitas pengajaran membaca dan menulis Al-Qur'an dan biografi siswa; 5) Solusi yang diajukan adalah metode pengajaran membaca dan menulis Al-Quran yang diterapkan harus memperhatikan karakteristik siswa dan penggunaan metode pengajaran audio-visual.
EVALUATION OF SERUM VITAMIN B12 LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENT ON METFORMIN THERAPY ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Ghimire Mahesh Raj , Pandey Sundar , Aryal Deepak , Shah Pooja , Soti Binita , Thapa Sulochana Ghimire , Shrestha Shakti 
Published: February 2023

Background: Metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus has more beneficial effect with few side effects like vitamin B12 deficiency. So, this study aimed to determine the level of vitamin B12 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using metformin and its association with dose and duration of metformin use.
Methods: This was descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study. A total of 128 diabetic patients using metformin for more than 6 months were enrolled. After taking informed consent, considering exclusion criteria, level of serum B12 were quantified by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Vitamin B12 level <300pg/dl as inadequate and ≥300pg/dl as adequate; metformin 1000mg as low dose; more than 1000mg as high dose were considered. Also, metformin used 1000mg /day taken as constant and comparing it with duration of > 10 years with duration of > 10 years. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2013 and analyzed on SPSS V25.
Results: Our study results 62.5% had adequate (>300pmol/l) and 37.5% had inadequate (≤300pmol/l) vitamin B12 level in patients with type 2 diabetes using metformin. Level of vitamin B12 deficiency was statistically associated with increasing dose of metformin used (p<0.001) and long term used of metformin used (p<019).
Conclusions: This study concluded that there is prevalence of deficiency of Vit B12 level in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using metformin. Also, this deficiency level depends on use of dose of metformin.
AWARENESS REGARDING DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES OF UNDER 3 YEARS CHILDREN AMONG MOTHERS AT A TEACHING HOSPITAL, CHITWAN
Authors: Marahatta Rojina , Subina Bajracharya  
Published: February 2023

Background: The growth of a child is the most important requirements for mental and physical development as well as social integrity. Knowledge of developmental milestones is essential for assessing normal development and to identify any delay in development. Mothers, who are usually taking care of the child, must have adequate knowledge regarding growth and development of child. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness regarding developmental milestones of under 3 years children among mothers at a teaching hospital, Chitwan.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research was conducted among 104 mothers attending different pediatric departments of Chitwan Medical College & Teaching Hospital. Non-probability, convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample. Structured interview schedule was used for data collection and data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The study revealed that more than half (52.95%) of respondents belonged to 20-29 years, 74% were Hindu, 58.7% belonged to urban area. Only 25% of the respondents had adequate level of awareness. Most of the mothers had awareness regarding social development & play (66.67%) followed by motor development (57.14%), physical development (50%), cognitive development (50%), & language development (50%).
Conclusions: Majority of mothers have inadequate level of awareness regarding developmental milestones.
ANESTHETIC PROPERTIES OF PROPOFOL AND KETOFOL (KETAMINE WITH PROPOFOL): A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Yadav Rajesh , Thapa Ajay Singh , Sah Rakesh , Upadhyay Hari Prasad 
Published: February 2023

Background: Surgical procedures require a safe anesthesia and safe anesthetic agents for this purpose use of small dose of sedative agent or any other anesthetic agent in order to reduce the dose requirement as well as adverse effects of the main inducing agent. Therefore, this study was carried out using ketamine with propofol (KETOFOL) to compare the hemodynamic stability (Heart rate and Mean arterial pressure) and induction doses.
Methods: Fifty patients of age 18 to 60 years of ASA II and I scheduled for elective surgery to be performed under general anaesthesia were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Patient in Group-P received 50 mg propofol and Group-K received 50 mg (25mg ketamine with 25 mg propofol) intravenously bolus slowly and then 10 mg in every 10 seconds until the loss of eyelash reflex and verbal response. The hemodynamic response was noted at different given time. Chi square test and student’s t test were used for analysis.
Results: The study showed that the hemodynamic (heart rate and mean arterial pressure) was maintained and decrease in dose requirement for propofol for induction in (ketamine with propofol Ketofol group whereas there was significant decrease in hemodynamic (heart rate and mean arterial pressure) in Propofol group.
Conclusions: Our study concluded that fluctuations in heart rate and mean arterial pressure from baseline were more in propofol group compared to ketofol (ketamine with propofol) group. Therefore, Ketofol achieved better hemodynamic stability over propofol alone and also induction dose of propofol was reduced.
PREVALENCE OF ORAL MUCOSAL LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN A TERTIARY MEDICAL CENTER
Authors: Roy Saurabh , Yadav Karnika , Acharya Mukti , Raj Pritam , Singh Bibek 
Published: February 2023

Background: Psychological stress adversely affects the physiological effectiveness of a person to an abundant point of melancholy. Considering the high prevalence of oral health problems in psychiatric patients, the present study was conducted to assess prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in psychiatric patients attending psychiatric outpatient department (OPD) at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Outpatient Department of psychiatry at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital in Biratnagar. A total number of 130 patients diagnosed with oral mucosal lesions and stress related conditions were screened. Data for this research was collected by Oral visual examination. Statistical analysis was carried out by using spss software version 21 with use of descriptive statistics like mean and percentage.
Results: Majority of the participants were females constituting of 61% of the study group and male subjects with 39 % of the sample size. Major participants were of 38-48 years of range and least from 58 years and above. Schizophrenia was most prevalent psychiatric disorder. Lichen planus was mostly associated with 38% of females, while apthous ulcers were predominant in 40 % of male populations.
Conclusions: Oral mucosal Lesions lessen the quality of life of patients, the role of stress and other psychogenic factors cannot be ruled out. The present study highlights the association of stress and anxiety in development of mucosal lesions in patients with psychiatric disorders.
Ad Hoc Arbitration Reform in China: A Step Forward
Authors: Han Weiyao 
Published: February 2023

In July 2021, the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) released its proposed revisions to the Arbitration Law (AL) for public consultation, sparking hope for the liberalization of ad hoc arbitration in China. However, the planned reform is unlikely to be comprehensive, as it is limited to foreign-related commercial disputes and burdened with procedural requirements. This study finds that the favourable treatment of foreign-related sectors and the insufficient quality of domestic arbitration contribute to China’s pattern of ‘half-measure’ ad hoc arbitration reforms. Since it will take a long time to reduce the disparity between the legal performance of foreignrelated and purely domestic sectors, China has adopted ‘gradualism’ in its legal reform. In doing so it seeks to minimize instability during its transition and maintain the reliability of arbitration. To achieve these goals, this article suggests that further reform of China’s ad hoc arbitration proceed on its dual track, temporarily shutting out domestic sectors while further internationalizing foreign- related ones.
China’s Arbitration Law, ad hoc arbitration, gradualism, dual track, domestic arbitration, foreign-related arbitration
Article: Recycling the Outer Space Treaties: Analysing the Potential for On-Orbit Servicing Agreements
Authors: Mifsud Gabriella 
Published: February 2023

On-orbit servicing (OOS) has continued to gain popularity as a possible solution to improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of space activities. However, the novel notion of this space activity, coupled with its several implications, raises questions and concerns as to its status within the international legal framework. The Corpus Juris Spatialis addresses states and their outer space activity, but on-orbit services will likely be carried out by private entities. In this regard, bilateral contracts between companies offering on-orbit services will need to consider obligations and rights under the current international legal framework. In so doing, the spirit of the provisions of the space treaties can be easily implemented into agreements between private parties.
on-orbit servicing, contracts, commercial space activities, outer space
Slot Postponements as Extraordinary Circumstances of EU261
Authors: Bischof Claudia 
Published: February 2023

This article deals with one aspect of Regulation 261/2004, namely the exemption of its Article 5(3) regarding compensation payments, particularly in case of slot postponements by Air Traffic Management (ATM). These ATM decisions can exempt airlines from compensation payments. However, opinions differ in the legal literature and case law as to when this is the case. The article examines the current opinion, especially in the German-speaking EU area, comments on the role of the Court of Justice of the European Union(CJEU) and the pending reform proposals on regulation.
passenger rights, extraordinary circumstances, ATM decision
Arbitration Agreements in Commercial Aviation Contracts and the Hague Court of Arbitration for Aviation
Authors: Beale Ned , Graham-Evans Ben 
Published: February 2023

An overview of the use of arbitration agreements in commercial aviation contracts, especially lease agreements, with particular reference to the establishment of the Hague Court of Arbitration for Aviation (‘Hague CAA’) in July 2022. It considers the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration agreements, as an alternative to state court jurisdiction clauses, in commercial aviation contracts, surveys the current provision of arbitration services to the aviation sector, examines the service offered by the Hague CAA and analyses the potential benefits and risks of writing Hague CAA arbitration agreements into new leases and contracts.
Aviation, arbitration, court, enforcement, Hague, insurance, jurisdiction
U.S. Courts’ Assistance to International Arbitrations. Recent Developments and Impact on Arbitrations Seated in Switzerland
Authors: N. Luder David , Christe Louis 
Published: February 2023

For years parties to international arbitrations have used the discovery mechanism of § 1782 to seek the U.S. courts’ assistance in obtaining evidence from persons in the United States. Over time, a circuit split developed on whether § 1782 extended to private arbitral tribunals. This summer, the United States Supreme Court resolved the circuit split, holding that the scope of § 1782 did not encompass private international arbitration, but leaving the door open for arbitral tribunals imbued with some level of governmental authority.
After providing a summary of the Supreme Court’s decision, the article focuses on the implications of this new precedent and its impact on participants to arbitration proceedings seated outside the U.S. with a focus on arbitrations seated in Switzerland.