bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IPACK block with spinal anesthesia compared to fentanyl-based spinal anesthesia for postoperative analgesia following arthroscopic meniscectomy: a randomized, prospective study
Authors: Aboelsuod Mohamed Abdelgawad Abdelhalim , Abdalla Abdalla Mohamed , Elbadawy Mohamed Ahmed , Yahia Othman Saad-eldien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLocal anesthesia and intrathecal narcotics are utilized to provide postoperative analgesia. IPACK (infiltration between the knee capsule and popliteal artery) is a new localized analgesic approach for knee surgery. This randomized study aimed to compare fentanyl-based spinal anesthesia and IPACK block-based spinal anesthesia for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic meniscectomy.ResultsIn group F, the VAS (visual analog scale) was higher than in group I, whereas the total amount of morphine was lower in group I (P < .05). In group F (3.92 ± 1.54), the initial painkiller request occurred earlier than in group I (8.82 ± 0.44). In addition, total morphine administrated in group F (20.81 ± 0.69) was significantly higher than in group I (9.54 ± 0.73) (P < .05). Group I had a higher level of patient satisfaction 24 h after surgery than group F (P < .05). In the current study, there were no significant adverse effects linked to the use of fentanyl. Moreover, no complications associated with the IPACK block were detected.ConclusionsThe combination of IPACK block and hyperbaric bupivacaine spinal anesthesia is an effective treatment for initial postoperative pain following arthroscopic meniscectomy, according to the findings of this study. IPACK block prolongs postoperative analgesia more than intrathecal fentanyl.Trial registrationThis study was registered with Clinical Trials Registry (NCT05833776).
Heterogeneity of clinical features, EEG and brain imaging findings in anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 autoimmune encephalitis: a retrospective case series study and review of the literature
Authors: Huang Emily Yixuan , Gao Hongfeng , Zhong Ning 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI-1) autoimmune encephalitis (AE), characterized by rapid decline of memory, seizures, and neuropsychiatric abnormalities, is a rare but devastating disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent long-term sequelae. In this report, we provide a detailed description of clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, imaging, and electroencephalography (EEG) findings, as well as treatment responses of eight patients with anti-LGI-1 AE treated at our center.

Case presentation
At the onset, all eight patients presented with confusion/memory deterioration, seizures (including faciobrachial dystonic seizures or other types of seizure), and behavioral changes such as hallucination, paranoia, and anxiety. Four patients were found with severe hyponatremia. Anti-LGI1 antibodies were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and/or serum of all patients. For patients with faciobrachial dystonic seizures, no discernible scalp EEG change was detected, while EEG recording of patients experiencing other types of seizure showed focal slowing, focal epileptiform discharges, and focal onset seizures. All patients showed abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging signals, mainly involving the mesial temporal lobe and the hippocampus. In addition, one patient also experienced fulminant cerebral edema during the acute phase of the illness. All patients received immunotherapy and anti-seizure medications and achieved good seizure control. Nevertheless, these patients continued to experience cognitive impairment during their long-term follow-ups.

Conclusions
The care of anti-LGI1 AE patients requires rapid evaluation, prompt initiation of immunotherapy, and long-term follow-up. The long-term presence of neurocognitive complications observed in these patients underline the importance of developing reliable biomarkers that can distinguish between different subtypes of this disease with heterogeneous clinico-electrographico-radiological features. Further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity, in order to facilitate development of more effective treatments for anti-LGI1 AE.
Nicotinamide-based agglomerates of ibuprofen: formulation, solid state characterization and evaluation of tableting performance with in-silico investigation
Authors: Sidwadkar Prerna Hemant , Salunkhe Nitin Hindurao , Mali Kailas Krishnat , Metkari Vijay Bapu , Bidye Durgesh Paresh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The objective of the present investigation was to obtain directly compressible agglomerates of ibuprofen with nicotinamide by a quasi-emulsification solvent diffusion technique. Ibuprofen-nicotinamide agglomerates were prepared by quasi-emulsification solvent diffusion technique using ethanol (good solvent), water (poor solvent), and chloroform (bridging liquid). The prepared agglomerates were characterized by ATR-FTIR, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy and were evaluated for tableting performance and in vitro drug release. To appropriately identify the hydrogen bonding sites, a thorough understanding of the structures of API and coformer is necessary, hence molecular docking approach was implemented to depict the interaction between the proposed coformer and COX-2 protein (PDB Id:4PH9).

Results
The percent yield of agglomerates was in the range of 85–98 w/w%, and drug content for all batches was in the range of 96–99%. The microphotographs showed irregular circularly shaped agglomerates. ATR-FTIR study showed a strong possibility of hydrogen bonding between ibuprofen and nicotinamide. The crystallinity of ibuprofen was slightly reduced and confirmed by P-XRD and DSC. Crushing strength and friability studies showed good handling qualities of ibuprofen agglomerates. Heckel plot studies showed low mean yield pressure and high tensile strength, indicating excellent compressibility and compactibility of ibuprofen agglomerates. More than 90% drug release was obtained within 60 min in PBS (pH 7.4). The docking studies revealed that nicotinamide individually has –CDOCKER energy 16.8109 where coformer showed 29.0584, which indicates coformer has a better binding affinity to target as compared to nicotinamide individual.

Conclusions
It can be concluded that the agglomerates improved the dissolution, tableting performance, and solid-state properties of ibuprofen and hence can be useful to improve the therapeutic performance of ibuprofen.

Graphic Abstract
Mechanisms of probiotic Bacillus against enteric bacterial infections
Authors: Zhu Jiajia , Chen Yunsheng , Imre Kálmán , Arslan-Acaroz Damla , Istanbullugil Fatih Ramazan , Fang Yuwen , Ros Gaspar , Zhu Kui , Acaroz Ulas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal infection is a leading cause of gut diseases attracting global health concerns. The emerging antimicrobial resistance in enteric pathogens drives the search of viable and renewable alternatives to antibiotics for the health of both human beings and animals. Spore-forming probiotic Bacillus have received extensively interests for their multiple health benefits, including the restoration of microbiota dysbiosis and the reduction of drug-resistant pathogens. These promising benefits are mainly attributed to the activity of structurally diverse Bacillus-derived metabolites, such as antibacterial compounds, short-chain fatty acids, and other small molecules. Such metabolites show the capacity to directly target either the individual or community of bacterial pathogens, and to potentiate both host cells and gut microbiota. The better understanding of the mechanisms by which probiotic Bacillus and the metabolites modulate the metabolism of hosts and microbiota will advance the screening and development of probiotic Bacillus. In this review, we discuss the interaction among probiotic Bacillus, microbiota and host, and summarize the Bacillus-derived metabolites that act as key players in such interactions, shedding light on the mechanistic understanding of probiotic Bacillus against enteric bacterial infections.
Bispectral Index Changes Following Boluses of Commonly Used Intravenous Medications During Volatile Anesthesia Identified From Retrospective Data
Authors: Schnetz Michael P. , Reon Brian J. , Ibinson James W. , Kaynar Murat , Mahajan Aman , Vogt Keith M. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Although patients are commonly monitored for depth of anesthesia, it is unclear to what extent administration of intravenous anesthetic medications may affect calculated bispectral (BIS) index values under general anesthesia.

METHODS:
In a retrospective analysis of electronic anesthesia records from an academic medical center, we examined BIS index changes associated with 14 different intravenous medications, as administered in routine practice, during volatile-based anesthesia using a novel screening approach. Discrete-time windows were identified in which only a single drug bolus was administered, and subsequent changes in the BIS index, concentration of volatile anesthetic, and arterial pressure were analyzed. Our primary outcome was change in BIS index, following drug administration. Adjusted 95% confidence intervals were compared to predetermined thresholds for clinical significance. Secondary sensitivity analyses examined the same outcomes, with available data separated according to differences in baseline volatile anesthetic concentrations, doses of the administered medications, and length of time window.

RESULTS:
The study cohort was comprised of data from 20,170 distinct cases, 54.7% of patients were men, with a median age of 55. In the primary analysis, ketamine at a median dose of 20 mg was associated with a median (confidence limits) increase in BIS index of 3.8 (2.5–5.0). Midazolam (median dose 2 mg) was associated with a median decrease in BIS index of 3.0 (1.5–4.5). Neither of these drug administrations occurred during time periods associated with changes in volatile anesthetic concentration. Analysis for dexmedetomidine was confounded by concomitant decreases in volatile anesthetic concentration. No other medication analyzed, including propofol and common opioids, was associated with a significant change in BIS index. Secondary analyses revealed that similar BIS index changes occurred when midazolam and ketamine were administered at different volatile anesthetic concentrations and different doses, and these changes persisted 11 to 20 minutes postadministration.

CONCLUSIONS:
Modest, but persistent changes in BIS index occurred following doses of ketamine (increase) and midazolam (decrease) during periods of stable volatile anesthetic administration.
Science communication in experimental biology: experiences and recommendations
Authors: Borowiec Brittney G. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
During the century of Journal of Experimental Biology's existence, science communication has established itself as an interdisciplinary field of theory and practice. Guided by my experiences as a scientist and science writer, I argue that science communication skills are distinct from scientific communication skills and that engaging in science communication is particularly beneficial to early-career researchers; although taking on these dual roles is not without its difficulties, as I discuss in this Perspective. In the hope of encouraging more scientists to become science communicators, I provide: (i) general considerations for scientists looking to engage in science communication (knowing their audience, storytelling, avoiding jargon) and (ii) specific recommendations for crafting effective contributions on social media (content, packaging, engagement), an emerging, accessible and potentially impactful mode of science communication. Effective science communication can boost the work of experimental biologists: it can impact public opinion by incisively describing the consequences of the climate crisis and can raise social acceptance of fundamental research and experiments on animals.
The effect of spatial resolution on deep learning classification of lung cancer histopathology
Authors: Wiebe Mitchell , Haston Christina , Lamey Michael , Narayan Apurva , Rajapakshe Rasika 
Published: August 2023

Objective: The microscopic analysis of biopsied lung nodules represents the gold-standard for definitive diagnosis of lung cancer. Deep learning has achieved pathologist-level classification of non-small cell lung cancer histopathology images at high resolutions (0.5–2 µm/px), and recent studies have revealed tomography–histology relationships at lower spatial resolutions. Thus, we tested whether patterns for histological classification of lung cancer could be detected at spatial resolutions such as those offered by ultra-high-resolution CT. Methods: We investigated the performance of a deep convolutional neural network (inception-v3) to classify lung histopathology images at lower spatial resolutions than that of typical pathology. Models were trained on 2167 histopathology slides from The Cancer Genome Atlas to differentiate between lung cancer tissues (adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous-cell carcinoma (LUSC)), and normal dense tissue. Slides were accessed at 2.5 × magnification (4 µm/px) and reduced resolutions of 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 µm/px were simulated by applying digital low-pass filters. Results: The classifier achieved area under the curve ≥0.95 for all classes at spatial resolutions of 4–16 µm/px, and area under the curve ≥0.95 for differentiating normal tissue from the two cancer types at 128 µm/px. Conclusions: Features for tissue classification by deep learning exist at spatial resolutions below what is typically viewed by pathologists. Advances in knowledge: We demonstrated that a deep convolutional network could differentiate normal and cancerous lung tissue at spatial resolutions as low as 128 µm/px and LUAD, LUSC, and normal tissue as low as 16 µm/px. Our data, and results of tomography–histology studies, indicate that these patterns should also be detectable within tomographic data at these resolutions.
The importance of teaching climate-health literacy in psychotherapeutic training and continuing education
Authors: Raile Paolo 
Published: August 2023

Climate-health literacy is the ability to find, access, understand, interpret, evaluate, and communicate information about the impact of climate change on human health and to make decisions and act accordingly to that information. Climate change affects people's health in numerous ways, both directly and indirectly, e.g., by increasing the risks of cardiovascular disease, infections, depression, anxiety disorders, and trauma. It is important for health professionals to understand the complex interaction between climate change and health. A teaching concept is presented that incorporates the core elements of climate-health literacy.
Recent advances in the treatment of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Bieniasz Jan , Bigos Paula , Dendys Konrad , Kuźnicki Wojciech , Matkowski Igor , Potyrała Piotr 
Published: August 2023

Introduction and purpose:
While irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are common problems in everyday clinical practice, their treatment often remains inefficient. The aim of our work is to present the newest discoveries and research conducted in the topic, while putting special accents on methods available in Poland. We decided to refer to British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines of treatment of IBS and FD as commonly accepted treatment standards in Europe.
Description of the state of knowledge:
Number of patients suffering from IBS and FD remains high. According to current research, there are some new therapeutical options in IBS: fecal microbiota transplant, spinal catepsin S, olorinab and tenapanor. Methods already being in use in other applications such as vitamin D supplementation, losartan and fecal microbiota transplant are also being investigated. Fecal microbiota transplant seems the most promising one. There are no new treatment options in FD, however there are new research on already used rifaximin and prokinetics, which show their efficacy. Intensive research is being conducted on the use of herbal medicines in treatment of FD. Even though some papers prove the effectiveness of acupuncture we have decided to omit this topic due to its controversial nature.

Conclusions:
Treatment of IBS and FD remains difficult, there are few advances in that area. Unconventional methods such as herbal medicine and fecal microbiota transplant seem to be gaining in importance.
Error analysis and optimization for a full-Stokes division-of-space polarimeter
Authors: Wang Luo , Zhang Haiyang , Zhao Changming , Luo Pingping 
Published: August 2023

A generalized four-channel, full-Stokes division-of-space (DoSP) error propagation model and its version with a reference optical path are presented in this paper, covering all potential error sources such as the main detector noise, intensity fluctuations, and instrument matrix error. Based on the model, a classical division-of-amplitude polarimeter (DoAmP) structure consisting of a partially polarized beam splitter (PPBS), PBS, and wave plates is thoroughly evaluated. By optimizing the PPBS and azimuth of the wave plates, several optimal parameter configurations are identified where the condition number is 1.84, and the maximum wavelength deviation range is limited to (−3.4nm, 3.62 nm), where the degree of polarization and polarized angle errors do not exceed 0.03 and 0.3°, respectively, and the instrument matrix deterioration effect is minimal enough to be disregarded. In addition to the DoAmP structure, this error propagation model can be directly extended to other arbitrary four-channel DoSP structures such as division-of-focal-plane and division-of-aperture systems, which have guidance values for system structural design, error optimization, and discovering multi-wavelength compatibility of the instrument.
Knowledge and practices of toxoplasmosis among healthcare workers at two large referral hospitals in Zambia: Implications on the One Health Approach
Authors: Daka Victor , Mukosha Moses , Matafwali Scott K. , Mudenda Steward , Phiri Andrew M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAssessing the knowledge and practices of healthcare workers regardingToxoplasma gondiiinfection, diagnosis, treatment, and control is crucial for developing an effective management strategy.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 175 healthcare workers at Ndola Teaching Hospital and Namwala District Hospital in Zambia from September 2021 to April 2022.ResultsMore than half (57.1%) of the respondents were males. Overall, 46(26.3%) and 68 (38.9%) respondents reported good knowledge and practices, respectively. Respondents with a higher number of years of experience (AOR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77–0.97), who were nurses than clinicians (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.007–0.41) and working at Ndola teaching hospital than Namwala hospital (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI:0.13–0.89) were less likely to have good knowledge. Respondents with a degree qualification than a diploma (AOR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.09–8.47) were more likely to have good knowledge. Respondents from Ndola teaching hospital than Namwala hospital (AOR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17–0.92) were less likely to have good practices.ConclusionOur study revealed that healthcare workers had low levels of knowledge and poor practices, which could have negative implications for the management of toxoplasmosis. To improve their knowledge and practices, continuous medical education inToxoplasmarelated aspects is recommended for in-service healthcare workers.
Prevalence of antibiotic use for diarrhea among 1.3 million under-five years children: A multicounty retrospective analysis from 2006–2018
Authors: Ahmed Md. Shakil , Khanam Suraiya , Kamruzzaman Md. , Morshed Mohammad Shahnewaz 
Published: August 2023

Background
This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of antibiotic use for diarrhea among under-five children (u5c) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) using data from 112 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2006 and 2018. The focus is on understanding the extent of antibiotic usage for managing diarrhea, a condition characterized by frequent loose or watery bowel movements that can lead to severe dehydration.

Methods and findings
A cross-sectional study design was employed in the DHS. The prevalence of antibiotic use for diarrhea among under-five children was estimated by analyzing DHS data from 2006 to 2018 and using the R statistical programming language. Out of a total of 12,69,944 children under five included in this study, 1,80,067 children had diarrhea and 19,502 children had bloody diarrhea. The overall prevalence of diarrhea estimated at ~14% (prevalence = 0.142; 95% CI = 0.141, 0.142). Among the children with diarrhea, 47,755 child received antibiotic treatment, resulting a prevalence of ~27% (prevalence = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.27) globally. Central Asia had the highest prevalence of antibiotic use at ~55% (prevalence = (967/1748) = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.52, 0.59), followed by the Europe region with a prevalence of ~44% (prevalence = (5483/12502) = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.45). In the South East and Central Asia region, DHS conducted between 2006 and 2018, showed the highest prevalence of antibiotic use in DHS 2007 (~44%), DHS 2012 (~49%), DHS 2016 (~40%) and DHS 2017 (~65%). The linear trend analysis showed an upward trend for using antibiotic of diarrhea in the South East and Central Asia region.

Conclusions
The Central Asia region had the highest proportion of antibiotic use, with an estimated prevalence of ~55% (95% CI = 0.52, 0.59). The Europe region followed closely with a prevalence of ~44% (95% CI = 0.43, 0.45). The South East Asia region had the lowest prevalence of antibiotic use estimated at ~23% (95% CI = 0.22, 0.24), with a gradual increasing trend.