bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Thickness of the Safe Enamel for Laminate Veneer Preparation and Orthodontic Stripping by CBCT
Authors: Yağci F , Türker G , Yılancı H 
Published: August 2023

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to determine the thickness and limitation of the safe enamel for laminate veneers and orthodontic stripping applications. Enamel thickness (ET) was determined in detail for each tooth and also it was examined whether there was a relationship between the mesiodistal crown width of the teeth and the thickness of the enamel and whether there was a sexual dimorphism.

Subjects and Methods:
CBCT records of 101 subjects (mean age: 20.88 ± 2.48 years) were examined. ET was measured both mesial and distal region of maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines, and premolars in different levels as cervical, middle, and incisal (occlusal) 1/3. Paired t-test, student t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson correlation coefficients a simple linear regression analysis used for statistical analysis.

Results:
ET of mandibular first premolars and canines was thicker at right side. Mesial enamel of maxillary first premolars, canines, lateral incisors and mandibular premolars and canines were significantly thicker than distal enamel. The mesial enamel of mandibular first premolars was significantly thicker in females. Also, males' maxillary laterals were significantly larger. All premolars had a correlation between mesio-distal crown widths and ET.

Conclusions:
Mesial and distal ET was unique for each one tooth at different levels. The relationship between ET and crown dimensions of all premolar teeth was also determined.
Sero-Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Authors: Ijoma UN , Meka IA , Omotowo B , Nwagha TU , Obienu O , Onodugo OD , Onyekonwu CL , Okoli EV , Ndu AC , Ugwu EO 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been recognized globally as a major public health challenge necessitating a global call for increased awareness, patients' identification, and development of activities for prevention and control of the disease. Consequently, massive health education campaigns and screening exercises have been mounted globally to mark the World Hepatitis Day (WHD).

Aims:
As part of WHD 2016 activities, we undertook a survey and screening of health care workers in order to raise awareness, identify patients and contribute to the Global Health Strategy goal of eliminating HBV infection by the year 2030.

Method:
This was a cross-sectional analytical study done at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria. Hospital workers voluntarily presented themselves to be screened using a rapid test kit and completing a semi-structured investigator-administered questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 3123 participants were studied. The mean age of the participants was 39.4 ± 9.6 years. The seroprevalence of HBV infection was 2.3%. Most (97.0%) of the participants had previously heard about HBV infection and over two thirds (68.1%) could correctly identify risk factors and modes of transmission of HBV. Twenty-eight and a half percent of the participants knew their hepatitis B virus status prior to the study.

Conclusion:
The seroprevalence of HBV among healthcare workers in Enugu, Nigeria is relatively low compared to figures from other African countries. The healthcare workers have considerable knowledge of the disease. However, the observed knowledge gaps in awareness and screening need to be addressed.
Urologic Day Case Surgery at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Ogunjimi MA , Ojewola RW , Fatuga AL , Tijani KH , Jeje EA , Okeke CJ , Oladimeji AT 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nowadays, the practice of day case surgery (DCS) is an attractive and appealing one with widespread acceptability because of numerous benefits.

Aim:
This study aimed at presenting our experience with urologic DCS in a tertiary healthcare center.

Patients and Methods:
A 5-year review of all day-case urologic surgeries at our tertiary healthcare center was carried out. Data on patients' biodata including age and sex, diagnoses, indications and procedures performed, types of anesthesia, complications, admission and re-admission history were obtained from theatre records and patients' case notes. Data were analyzed using PASW Statistics version 18.0 and results presented in table and charts.

Results:
A total number of 1277 of the 1825 urologic surgeries which took place during the study period were performed as day cases giving a proportion of 67.8%. The age range was 11 days to 94 years. The most commonly performed DCS are prostate biopsy, cystoscopy and varicocelectomy in 368 (28.8%), 165 (12.9%) and 163 (12.8%) patients respectively. Local anesthesia with or without sedation was the most commonly used in 981 (76.8%) cases. Twenty-four (1.9%) patients required unplanned admission for complications, 18 (1.4%), delayed completion of surgery, 4 (0.3%) and delayed recovery from anesthesia, 2 (0.16%). Three (0.2%) of these patients were re-admitted for management of sepsis following prostate biopsy.

Conclusion:
This study like numerous others demonstrated the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of DCS. To meet up with the global trends in DCS in Nigeria, there is need for investment in infrastructure and adoption of minimally invasive techniques to allow incorporation of more complex cases in the range of procedures offered as DCS.
Do Ginger Extract, Natural Honey and Bitter Chocolate Remineralize Enamel Surface as Fluoride Toothpastes? An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Celik ZC , Yavlal GO , Yanıkoglu F , Kargul B , Tagtekin D , Stookey GK , Peker S , Hayran O 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
In recent literatures, much attention has been given to natural products for their health benefits.

Aims:
In this study, the objective was to measure the efficacy of the ginger-honey-chocolate mixture as the remineralization effect has been shown in the literature previously and to evaluate the individual contributions of this mixture; ginger, natural honey, bitter chocolate separately on remineralization of initial enamel caries lesion.

Materials and Methods:
All specimens were divided into eight groups as: Ginger (Arifoglu®, Turkey) in powder form, (n = 8); Ginger-Honey-Chocolate (n = 8); Natural honey (Balparmak Plateau Blossom Honey®, Turkey) (n = 9); Bitter chocolate (Nestlé®, Switzerland) (n = 8); MI Paste (GC, Japan) (n = 8); Paradontax (Sensodyne, Glaxosmithklein, USA) (n = 9); Pronamel (Sensodyne, Glaxosmithklein, USA) (n = 9); Control (n = 9) groups. Samples were carried out five pH cycles along 7 days at 37°C for each group. During pH cycling, blocks were put in a demineralization (6 h) and a remineralization solution (18 h). The treatment consisted of 1 min. interaction of enamel surfaces with agent/deionized slurries (1:3 w/w) on a daily basis. The surface microhardness (SMH) was determined before and after pH cycling with a Digital Micro-Vickers Hardness Tester (Wilson Wolpert; Europe BV, 401 MVD, Netherlands). Mineral changes were determined by using FluoreCam® and recovery values were calculated as SMHR% and FΔ%, respectively.

Results:
All groups showed an enhanced remineralization. There was no significant difference in terms of FΔ% (F = 1.223, P = 0.304) and SMHR% (F = 0.709, P = 0.664) between all groups.

Conclusion:
The herbals (ginger, honey, and bitter chocolate) examined in this study gave promising results with a high remineralization potential.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Liquid Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral Mixture on Newly Formed Bone in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation
Authors: Irdem HO , Dolanmaz D , Esen A , Ünlükal N , Şimsek S 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the liquid PRF-DBBM mixture on new bone formation in maxillary sinus augmentation.

Material and Methods:
Seven patients requiring two-stage bilateral maxillary sinus augmentation were included in the study. The patients were selected according to the criteria of having an alveolar bone height of at least 2 mm in the atrophic region. The elevated sinus cavities were randomly grafted with DBBM + liquid PRF (test) or DBBM alone (control) in a split-mouth design. Bone samples were collected during implant surgery with a trephine bur for histomorphometric evaluation after 4 months.

Results:
In the control group, the newly formed bone was 39.49%, the mature bone was 15.66%, the residual graft was 15.62%, and the fibrous tissue ratio 28.59%, while in the test group, the newly formed bone (NFB) was 45.95%, the mature bone was 14.40%, the residual graft was 10.32%, and the fibrous tissue was 29.31%. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the parameters studied (p > 0.05). The mean osteocalcin score in the control group was 2.70 ± 0.39, while it was 2.81 ± 0.36 in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the averages of osteocalcin scores of the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The results of our study showed that DBBM is a reliable graft material for maxillary sinus augmentation even in the early period. Combining of DBBM with liquid-PRF contributed to new bone formation over a four-month period, but this contribution was not statistically significant.
An Overview on the Veracity of Intraoral Digital Scanning System and Utilization of iTero Scanner for Analyzing Orthodontic Study Models both In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo
Authors: Jabri MA , Wu S , Pan Y , Wang L 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
In the domain of orthodontics, plaster models are contemplated as one of the important tools for diagnosis and treatment planning. In Dentistry, technological advancement has developed in the section of diagnostic devices, for example, the utilization of a 3D intraoral scanner, which can convert plaster models into digital models. With in-office utilization of this system, orthodontists can more meticulously and precisely construct custom braces, clear aligners, and orthodontic appliances. The digital data can be stored as a stereolithography file; it eliminates the disadvantages encountered with the storage of plaster models like breakage, space required, and distortion of the plaster models. ITero®element is the intraoral laser scanner (ILS) which utilizes parallel confocal scanning technology which maximizes the accuracy of the scan. By utilizing the iTero scanner, the dental measurement can be performed in OrthoCADTM software which is highly accurate. The objective of the contemporary study is to review the literature of studies on in-vivo and ex-vivo scanning with the iTero system.
Assessment of the Orbital Structures Using Computed Tomography in Healthy Adults
Authors: Ozdikici M , Bulut E , Agca S 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the orbital and ocular dimensions using computed tomography (CT) scans in healthy adults.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included 302 Turkish adult individuals aged 20–76 years (158 males and 144 females), who underwent paranasal sinus or craniofacial CT due to headache or suspicion of sinusitis, but abnormal orbital or cranial CT findings were not detected. Linear and volumetric measurements of the orbital structures were performed in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes on CT slices. The volume was estimated in cubic centimeters using the equation of the ellipsoid method. A total of 34 parameters were measured from both eyes of each individual using 14 different anatomical landmarks and analyzed by gender and age.

Results:
Parameter values of orbital structures in males and females are shown in millimeters or cubic centimeters. In most of the 34 parameters that we evaluated, it was seen that males had statistically significant higher mean values than females (P < 0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the measurements of right and left orbits. The correlation with age was varied according to the 34 parameters. Interestingly enough, there were no statistically significant differences between the two genders for extraocular muscles thickness (except superior muscles group thickness—SMT) and left optic nerve thickness (LOT) (p > 0.05). The mean right superior muscles group thickness was 5.35 ± 0.85 mm in the male subjects and 4.64 ± 1.10 mm in the female subjects (P < 0.001). The mean left superior muscles group thickness (LSMT) was 5.28 ± 0.88 mm in the male subjects and 4.67 ± 1.16 mm in the female subjects (P < 0.001). The mean LOT was 6.15 ± 0.97 and 5.88 ± 1.07 mm in males and females, respectively (P = 0.099).

Conclusion:
This study can be applied to the standardization of orbital morphometry in healthy adults.
The Ban on Euthanasia in the Regulations of Patients' Rights
Authors: Ozturk Hulya , Demirsoy Nilufer 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Since the amendments to the Regulation of Patients' Rights in May 2014, the concept of euthanasia and the validity of the decisions taken towards the end of life have been protected by the “Regulation Amending the Regulation of Patients' Rights.” This research study was carried out using a triple Likert scale to record the opinions of patients, who were staying at the University Hospital, and doctors and nurses on the issues of the “euthanasia ban” and “taking personal decisions and requests into an account.”

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional design using self-report questionnaires was used. This survey was carried out using a triple Likert type scale to determine the views of the patients receiving inpatient treatment, as well as the opinions of doctors and nurses on the subject of patients' rights.

Results:
Four hundred and forty patients receiving inpatient treatment, 171 doctors, and 162 nurses in the University Hospital participated in the survey. Although the patients desired that their personal decisions be taken into consideration most, the nurses attached more importance than the other two groups to the issue of the right to the termination of treatment.

Conclusions:
It was found that more than half of the doctors, nurses, and patients expressed that it is important for a patient to have the right to make decisions regarding his/her own life.
*This was presented as an Oral Presentation at the 7th National Congress of Ethics and Medical Law on March 21, 2017.
The Effect of Different Surface Preparation Methods and Various Aging Periods on Microtensile Bond Strength for Composite Resin Repair
Authors: Dursun MN , Ergin E , Ozgunaltay G 
Published: August 2023

Aims:
To evaluate the effect of various aging periods and different surface preparation methods on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) for composite repair.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred twelve composite resin blocks were formed using a nanohybrid composite resin. The samples were distributed into four groups according to surface preparation methods (n = 28): control (sound composite blocks); Er, Cr: YSGG laser; air abrasion; silicone carbide. All samples were then divided into four subgroups according to various aging periods: (i) No aging, (ii) 10,000 thermocycling, (iii) 30,000 thermocycling, and (iv) 50,000 thermocycling. Following surface preparation and aging procedures, surface topography of one sample from each group was evaluated under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The repair composites were bonded to the sample surfaces, using a three-step etch&rinse adhesive. Finally, thirty beams of size 1 × 1 × 8 mm from each group were subjected to μTBS test and failure modes were determined. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Post-hoc Bonferroni, and Chi-square tests (P = 0.05).

Results:
When different surface preparation methods were evaluated together, no aging and 10,000 thermocycling groups displayed higher μTBS values (P < 0.05). When all aging periods were evaluated together, the surface preparation with air abrasion provided higher μTBS (P < 0.05). The interactions of various aging periods with different surface preparation methods revealed significant variations in repair μTBS (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences on failure mode distributions among surface preparation methods (P < 0.001). SEM evaluations provided valuable outcomes that help to comment on the μTBS findings.

Conclusions:
Different surface preparation methods, various aging periods, and the interaction of both affected the repair μTBS of the tested nanohybrid composite resin.
The Effect of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant on Central Foveal Thickness and Choroidal Thickness in Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Eroğul Ö , Yozgat Z , Sabaner MC , Doğan M , Gobeka HH 
Published: August 2023

Aim:
To investigate the effect of intravitreal dexamethasone implant on central foveal thickness and choroidal thickness in retinal vein occlusion.

Materials and Methods:
Clinical records and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans of 41 naïve patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO), who were initially treated with intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX) implant between 2016 and 2017 at Kocatepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology were investigated. Collected data included age and sex of the patients, crystalline lens status, baseline and final intraocular pressure, and OCT parameters including central foveal thickness and choroidal thickness.

Results:
Twenty-two (53.7%) female and 19 (46.3%) male patients were enrolled in the study. There were 30 phakic and 11 pseudophakic patients. The intraocular pressure increased significantly from 15.19 mmHg to 17.8 mmHg (P = 0.005), and cataract extraction was performed in two patients who developed cataract after the treatment. There was a significant decrease in the central foveal thickness from 556 μm to 288 μm (P < 0.001). In addition, although there was no statistically significant change in choroidal thickness in the patients with branched retinal vein occlusion (P = 0.423), the patients with central retinal vein occlusion had statistically significant decrease in choroidal thickness measurements (P = 0.049).

Conclusion:
Therapeutic effect of the DEX implant not only influences retinal layer. Its influence may also extend further to the choroid layer, thereby leading to decrease in the choroidal thickness. Our results were mostly similar to the results of studies in literature which investigated the effects of the DEX implant therapy on the choroidal thickness of the patients with RVO.
Pterygium in Onitsha, Nigeria
Authors: Uba-Obiano CU , Nwosu SNN , Okpala NE 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine the pattern and risk factors of pterygium in adults at the Guinness Eye Centre Onitsha, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive adults aged ≥30 years with pterygium were studied. Each patient had comprehensive ocular examination including visual acuity, anterior segment, and adnexal assessment and fundoscopy. The pterygium was graded in terms of severity and type.

Results:
A total of 156 patients with pterygium participated; 92 (59%) females versus 64 (41%) males (F:M =3:2). The age range was 30–65 years; mean: 43.9 ± 8.4 years. The majority of the study population (36.5%) was of the age group 40–49 years. The subjects were predominately traders 78 (50%) and 93 (59.6%) of the pterygium patients were outdoor workers. Bivariate analysis indicated that those involved in outdoor work were six times at greater risk of developing pterygium than indoor workers (P = 0.001; OR = 6.2). Out of the 156 pterygium patients seen, 107 (68.6%) of them complained of associated symptoms. Redness of the eye was the commonest symptom reported by 79 (50.9%) cases while 8 (5.1%) cases complained of burning sensation. There was a preponderance of nasal pterygia with temporal pterygia being the least. Blinding pterygium was seen in three eyes (1.3%).

Conclusion:
Pterygium is a common disorder presenting at eye clinics. Outdoor workers are at a greater risk of developing pterygium. Thus, health education is of great importance.
Process and Methodological Considerations for Observational Analyses of Vector Control Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa Using Routine Malaria Data
Authors: Burnett Sarah M. , Davis Kelly M. , Assefa Gudissa , Gogue Christelle , Hinneh Levi D. , Littrell Megan , Mwesigwa Julia , Okoko Okefu O. , Rabeherisoa Saraha , Sillah-Kanu Musa , Sheahan William , Slater Hannah C. , Uhomoibhi Perpetua , Yamba Frederick , Ambrose Kelley , Stillman Kathryn 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
Progress in malaria control has stalled in recent years. With growing resistance to existing malaria vector control insecticides and the introduction of new vector control products, national malaria control programs (NMCPs) increasingly need to make data-driven, subnational decisions to inform vector control deployment. As NMCPs are increasingly conducting subnational stratification of malaria control interventions, including malaria vector control, country-specific frameworks and platforms are increasingly needed to guide data use for vector control deployment. Integration of routine health systems data, entomological data, and vector control program data in observational longitudinal analyses offers an opportunity for NMCPs and research institutions to conduct evaluations of existing and novel vector control interventions. Drawing on the experience of implementing 22 vector control evaluations across 14 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as published and gray literature on vector control impact evaluations using routine health information system data, this article provides practical guidance on the design of these evaluations, makes recommendations for key variables and data sources, and proposes methods to address challenges in data quality. Key recommendations include appropriate parameterization of impact and coverage indicators, incorporating explanatory covariates and contextual factors from multiple sources (including rapid diagnostic testing stockouts; insecticide susceptibility; vector density measures; vector control coverage, use, and durability; climate and other malaria and non-malaria health programs), and assessing data quality before the evaluation through either on-the-ground or remote data quality assessments. These recommendations may increase the frequency, rigor, and utilization of routine data sources to inform national program decision-making for vector control.
Perverse-Hodge complexes for Lagrangian fibrations
Authors: Shen Junliang , Yin Qizheng 
Published: August 2023

Perverse-Hodge complexes are objects in the derived category of coherent sheaves obtained from Hodge modules associated with Saito's decomposition theorem. We study perverse-Hodge complexes for Lagrangian fibrations and propose a symmetry between them. This conjectural symmetry categorifies the &quot;Perverse = Hodge&quot; identity of the authors and specializes to Matsushita's theorem on the higher direct images of the structure sheaf. We verify our conjecture in several cases by making connections with variations of Hodge structures, Hilbert schemes, and Looijenga-Lunts-Verbitsky Lie algebras.Comment: 20 pages. Final version