bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex and ethnic/racial differences in disordered eating behaviors and intuitive eating among college student
Authors: Yoon Cynthia , Mai Dan , Kinariwala Kush , Ledoux Tracey , Betts Randi , Johnston Craig 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionEating behaviors encompass disordered eating behaviors (e.g., overeating, binge eating, and associated symptoms of binge eating) and intuitive eating. Certain disordered eating behaviors, including binge eating, are more prevalent among female and ethnic/racial-minority college students than male and/or non-Hispanic White college students. However, sex and ethnic/racial differences among college students with other disordered eating (e.g., associated symptoms of binge eating) and intuitive eating behaviors remain unclear.MethodsIn 2022, 887 college students (Mage = 20.9 ± 2.6 years) self-reported their sex, ethnicity/race, disordered eating behaviors (e.g., overeating, binge eating, associated symptoms of binge eating), and intuitive eating. To examine sex and ethnic/racial differences among these students, we used modified Poisson regressions for students who reported disordered eating and linear regressions for students who reported intuitive eating.ResultsExcept for overeating, disordered eating behaviors were more prevalent among female [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.3–1.8] than male college students after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, whereas intuitive eating scores did not differ by sex. Across ethnic/racial groups, disordered eating was more prevalent among all ethnic/racial-minority college students (aPR = 1.2–2.3) than non-Hispanic White college students after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Moreover, non-Hispanic Black or African American college students had higher intuitive eating scores than non-Hispanic White college students (adjusted β = 0.7, 95% CI = −0.2, 1.6).ConclusionIn our sample, notable differences emerged in the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors and mean scores by sex and ethnicity/race, while differences in intuitive eating scores emerged based on ethnicity/race.
Polish validation of the Transplant Effects Questionnaire
Authors: Dębska Grażyna , Milaniak Irena , Dębska-Ślizień Alicja , Gołkowski Filip 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe Transplant Effects Questionnaire (TxEQ) assesses specific recipients’ reactions to receiving a transplanted organ, including worry about the transplant, Guilt regarding the donor, disclosure of having undergone transplantation, adherence to medical treatment, and responsibility to the donor, family, or medical staff. Poland has no standardized tool for evaluating the emotional reaction to transplantation. The study aimed to assess the basic psychometric properties, such as the reliability and validity of the Polish translation of TxEQ-PL.Materials and methodsThe study involved 84 patients after kidney transplantation. The average age of the subjects was 49.87 years (±15.27). The study used the diagnostic survey method, the Polish versions of the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOTR-R), the Mental Component Summary of the SF-36 (SF-36-MCS), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to verify the factor structure of TxEQ -P.L. variables.ResultsThe TxEQ-PL version has satisfactory internal consistency for each subscale (Cronbach’s alpha &gt; 0.7). The analysis showed a significant negative relationship between optimism (LOT-R) and the TxEQ-PL subscales: worry about transplant and disclosure of having undergone transplantation and a positive relationship in the subscale of adherence to medical treatment. In addition, a significant negative relationship was found between the subscale: adherence to medical treatment and the severity of depression and intensity of anxiety (HADS); also, a positive relationship with the Mental Component Summary of the SF-36 (SF-36-MCS). The intensity of anxiety and severity of depression were positively related to the TxEQ-PL subscale of disclosure of having undergone transplantation and negatively associated with the Mental Component Summary of the SF-36 (SF-36-MCS). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the five-factor structure of the TXEQ-PL questionnaire (RMSEA = 0.083). Not the best fit is indicated by the value of comparative fit indexCFI = 0.813 and SRMR = 0.10. The result of the chi-squared test (220) = 340 was statistically significant; p &lt; 0.001.ConclusionTxEQ-PL is useful for assessing emotional reactions to organ transplantation. The tool has a factor structure identical to the original English version and comparable psychometric properties.
Naturalistic psilocybin use is associated with persisting improvements in mental health and wellbeing: results from a prospective, longitudinal survey
Authors: Nayak Sandeep M. , Jackson Hillary , Sepeda Nathan D. , Mathai David S. , So Sara , Yaffe Abigail , Zaki Hadi , Brasher Trey J. , Lowe Matthew X. , Jolly Del R. P. , Barrett Frederick S. , Griffiths Roland R. , Strickland Justin C. , Johnson Matthew W. , Jackson Heather , Garcia-Romeu Albert 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe classic psychedelic psilocybin, found in some mushroom species, has received renewed interest in clinical research, showing potential mental health benefits in preliminary trials. Naturalistic use of psilocybin outside of research settings has increased in recent years, though data on the public health impact of such use remain limited.MethodsThis prospective, longitudinal study comprised six sequential automated web-based surveys that collected data from adults planning to take psilocybin outside clinical research: at time of consent, 2 weeks before, the day before, 1–3 days after, 2–4 weeks after, and 2–3 months after psilocybin use.ResultsA sample of 2,833 respondents completed all baseline assessments approximately 2 weeks before psilocybin use, 1,182 completed the 2–4 week post-use survey, and 657 completed the final follow-up survey 2–3 months after psilocybin use. Participants were primarily college-educated White men residing in the United States with a prior history of psychedelic use; mean age = 40 years. Participants primarily used dried psilocybin mushrooms (mean dose = 3.1 grams) for “self-exploration” purposes. Prospective longitudinal data collected before and after a planned psilocybin experience on average showed persisting reductions in anxiety, depression, and alcohol misuse, increased cognitive flexibility, emotion regulation, spiritual wellbeing, and extraversion, and reduced neuroticism and burnout after psilocybin use. However, a minority of participants (11% at 2–4 weeks and 7% at 2–3 months) reported persisting negative effects after psilocybin use (e.g., mood fluctuations, depressive symptoms).DiscussionResults from this study, the largest prospective survey of naturalistic psilocybin use to date, support the potential for psilocybin to produce lasting improvements in mental health symptoms and general wellbeing.
Community-based care for autistic youth: community providers’ reported use of treatment practices in the United States
Authors: Drahota Amy , Sridhar Aksheya , Moskowitz Lauren J. , Kerns Connor M. , Soorya Latha , Wainer Allison , Cohn Elizabeth , Lerner Matthew D. 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionTo illustrate the landscape of community-based care for autistic youth in the United States, we identified transdisciplinary psychosocial intervention practice sets that community providers report utilizing to care for this population, and examined characteristics associated with provider-reported utilization.MethodsThe Usual Care for Autism Study (UCAS) Survey assessed provider demographics and provider-reported use of transdisciplinary practices for common ASD co-occurring problems: social difficulties, externalizing behaviors, and anxiety. Community practitioners (N = 701) from allied health, behavioral, education, medical, mental health and other disciplines who treat or work with autistic youth (7–22 years) participated.ResultsExploratory factor analysis yielded four factors: Consequence-Based Strategies (CBS), Cognitive-Behavioral and Therapy Strategies (CBTS), Antecedent-Based Strategies (ABS), and Teaching Strategies (TS). Providers across disciplines reported utilizing ABS more often than other sets. Providers from behavioral disciplines, with less than 4-year or Master degrees, or with more experience reported the most use of ABS, CBS and CBTS. Medical and behavioral providers reported the most use of TS. Setting and child characteristics were associated with practice set use, indicating variability by disability and client socioeconomic status.DiscussionFindings reflect the complexity and inconsistency of the service landscape for autistic youth across the U.S. Only by understanding the service landscape and predictors of practice utilization, can researchers, policymakers, provider groups, and the autistic community facilitate effective implementation strategy development and use to ultimately improve community-based care.
Delayed treatment seeking and its associated factors among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who are on follow-up at Dilla University Referral Hospital in the southern region of Ethiopia, 2022: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Negash Misrak , Temesgen Bethel , Kassaw Chalachew , Abebe Lulu , Moges Solomon , Sime Yohanes , Yimer Solomon 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundDelay in psychiatric treatment leads to increased morbidity and mortality, as well as the emergence of several psychiatric and physical comorbidities and the use of life-threatening and life-altering self-treatments (such as licit and illicit substance misuse). Delaying detection and taking preventive measures against its modifiable factors are crucial for a better prognosis.ObjectiveTo assess delayed treatment seeking and its associated factors among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who are on follow-up at Dilla University Referral Hospital in the southern region of Ethiopia.MethodAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 8 June and 11 September at Dilla University Referral Hospital in the southern region of Ethiopia in 2022. Epicollect was used to collect data from 414 randomly selected participants using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Delayed treatment seeking was determined using participants' medical records and a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the explanatory variables for delayed treatment.ResultsThe magnitude of delayed treatment seeking was 49.8% (95%CI = 44.9, 54.3). Study participants with disengaged family cohesion [AOR = 3.97, 95%CI = (2.999, 7.193)], inflexible family adaptability [AOR = 2.00, 95%CI = (1.686, 4.044)], who lack awareness about the availability of psychiatric treatment [AOR = 1.63, 95%CI = (1.362, 2.626)], high internalized stigma [AOR = 3.24, 95%CI = (2.770, 5.514)], and those with a negative attitude toward psychiatric treatment [AOR = 2.88, 95%CI = (2.034, 4.469)] had delayed seeking treatment. However, the participants whose educational status was higher than diploma [AOR = 0.040, 95%CI = (0.026, 0.077)] and high school [AOR = 0.09, 95%CI = (0.071, 0.204)] were less likely to have delayed seeking treatment.ConclusionsThere is a significant delay in seeking modern psychiatric treatment. Stigma, a lack of awareness of where treatment is available, disengaged family cohesion, inflexible family adaptability, distance to a health facility &gt;5 km, and a negative attitude toward psychiatric treatment were barriers to seeking appropriate care.
Better than expected: the gap between self-reported and objective measures of cognitive performance in remitted bipolar disorder
Authors: Quinlivan Esther , Renneberg Babette , Schreiter Stefanie , Friedel Eva , Shmuilovich Olga , Stamm Thomas 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundStudies comparing objective and self-reported cognitive functioning as well as influencing factors in individuals with remitted bipolar disorder are scarce and contradictory.MethodsThe aim of this study was to compare executive functioning and other objective and self-reported cognitive impairment between 26 individuals with remitted bipolar disorder (15 BD I) and 24 healthy controls using a cross-sectional design. Executive functions were measured by the TAP Go/No-go subtest as well as the Stroop Task. Self-rated functioning was assessed using the Attention Deficit Experience Questionnaire. In addition, possible predictors of self-reported and objective cognitive functioning were examined to perform regression analyses.ResultsIndividuals with remitted bipolar disorder did not differ significantly in executive functions or other objective cognitive domains from the healthy control group, but showed a significantly lower level of self-reported cognitive functioning and self-esteem. While self-esteem was the strongest predictor in healthy controls for self-reported cognitive functioning, severity of illness and subthreshold depressive mood were the most important predictors in individuals with remitted bipolar disorder.ConclusionThe results once again demonstrate the cognitive heterogeneity in bipolar disorder. In the treatment of cognitive deficits, factors such as subthreshold depressive symptomatology and self-esteem should be focused on in addition to cognitive training in remitted patients.
Association between early sexual initiation and sexually transmitted infections among Peruvian reproductive-age women
Authors: Perez-Fernandez Jhosuny , Arroyo-Velasco Diego O. , Huaman Mariella R. , Chavez-Bustamante Sarai G. , Llamo-Vilcherrez Anita P. , Delgado-Flores Carolina J. , Toro-Huamanchumo Carlos J. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a serious public health problem worldwide, especially among reproductive-age women. The early sexual onset of sexual intercourse (EOSI) has been suggested as a risk factor, although there is no data at the national level.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between EOSI and STIs in Peruvian women of childbearing age.MethodsAnalytical cross-sectional study with secondary data analyzes of the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey 2018. The outcome was the presence of STIs in the last 12 months and the exposure variable was EOSI (age &lt; 15 years at the time of their first sexual experience). To evaluate the association of interest, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were calculated using generalized linear models with Poisson family and logarithmic link function.ResultsWe analyzed data from 31,028 women of childbearing age. The 11.3% reported having STIs in the last 12 months and 20.2% of the participants had an EOSI. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that EOSI was associated with STIs (aPR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08–1.50; p = 0.005). When conducting stratified analysis by area of residence and number of sexual partners, this association was maintained in women living in urban areas (aPR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.11–1.66; p = 0.003) those who did not report having a history of multiple sexual partners (aPR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.08–1.51; p = 0.005), and those in the middle (aPR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.03–1.97; p = 0.034) and highest (aPR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.33–3.39; p = 0.002) wealth quintiles.ConclusionAmong reproductive-age women from Peru, EOSI was associated with STIs, especially in women living in urban areas, with no history of multiple sexual partners, and belonging to the middle to higher wealth index. The implementation of measures to prevent EOSI and fostering appropriate sexual health counseling for women with EOSI is advised.
The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on indirect costs of mental illness and behavioral disorders in Poland
Authors: Sobczyk Karolina , Holecki Tomasz , Rogalska Anna 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionIn various research, the estimation of the disease’s economic burden has been taken into consideration. But given the fact that different settings will have distinguished consequences, determining the economic burden of COVID-19 in the studied environment is of great importance. As a result, this study aimed to show the change in indirect costs of mental health problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland.Methods and ResultsIndirect costs related to mental health problems were analyzed from the perspective of the Social Insurance Institution in Poland. In 2021, they amounted to about 285.8 billion PLN (Polish currency) [61.1 billion EUR (European currency)], up 6% from the previous year. A large increase in spending on disability benefits was observed for 2019–2021 (+14.7%). Disease groups generating the highest expenditures in the structure of total expenditures on incapacity benefits in 2021 in Poland were mental health problems (16.7% of total expenditures). Expenditures on disability benefits related to mental health problems incurred by Social Security in 2021 amounted to about 7.42 billion PLN [1.6 billion EUR] and were 19.4% higher than in 2019 (before the pandemic). In the 2012–2019 period, there was a significant decrease in expenses related to inpatient rehabilitation (41.3%), while in 2020–2021, these expenses decreased several times as the epidemiological situation related to the COVID pandemic reduced access to such services.DiscussionThis is the first study on the economic burden of COVID-19 indirect costs in Poland. Calculating the economic impact is crucial, particularly when there is a large disease outbreak and countries are severely constrained by financial resources. Doing so could aid in the development of effective social security policies. As shown in this study, the indirect costs of absenteeism expenses due to mental health problems increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to take all possible measures, both in the field of primary and secondary prevention, to prevent disability and exclusion from the labor market of people affected by mental health problems, which is justified by epidemiological data and financial data on the expenses incurred by Social Security for social insurance benefits.
Comparison of off-clamp microwave scissors-based sutureless partial nephrectomy versus on-clamp conventional partial nephrectomy in a canine model
Authors: Nguyen Ha Ngoc , Yamada Atsushi , Naka Shigeyuki , Mukaisho Ken-Ichi , Tani Tohru 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTo compare the usefulness and safety of off-clamp microwave scissors-based sutureless partial nephrectomy (MSPN) with on-clamp conventional partial nephrectomy (cPN) in dogs.MethodsWe performed off-clamp MSPN using microwave scissors (MWS) in six dogs, and on-clamp cPN in three dogs, in two-stage experiments. The bilateral kidney upper poles were resected via a midline incision under general anesthesia. After 14 days of follow-up, the lower pole resections were performed. The renal calyces exposed during renal resections were sealed and transected using MWS in off-clamp MSPN and were sutured in on-clamp cPN. In the off-clamp MSPN group, the generator's power output of MWS was set as either 50 W or 60 W for each kidney side. We compared the procedure time (PT), ischemic time (IT), blood loss (BL), and normal nephron loss (NNL) between the two techniques using the Mann–Whitney U-test.ResultsWe successfully performed 24 off-clamp MSPNs and 12 on-clamp cPNs. The off-clamp MSPN was significantly superior to on-clamp cPN in avoiding renal ischemia (median IT, 0 min vs. 8.6 min, p &lt; 0.001) and reducing PT (median PT, 5.8 min vs. 11.5 min, p &lt; 0.001) and NNL (median NNL, 5.3 mm vs. 6.0 mm, p = 0.006) with comparable BL (median BL, 20.9 ml vs. 23.2 ml, p = 0.804). No bleeding and major urine leakage were noted during the reoperations.ConclusionsOff-clamp MSPN outperforms on-clamp cPN in lowering the risks of postoperative renal function impairment in dogs.
PHYTOMORPHOLOGY OF WHEAT AND ITS GRAIN QUALITY RESPONSE TO DIVERSE APPROACHES OF IRON APPLICATION
Authors: Shaikh Muhammad Yousif , Soomro Aijaz Ahmed , Kandhro Muhammad Nawaz , Rajpar Inayatullah 
Published: September 2023

Agriculture soils of Pakistan are already deficient of macronutrients, and now inadequacy for micronutrients has also been reported causing adverse effects on crop productivity. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of soil and foliar applied iron (Fe) on wheat. The treatments included: T1=Control (without Fe), T2=Soil applied Fe 3 kg ha‑1, T3=Soil applied Fe 6 kg ha‑1, T4=Foliar applied Fe 0.2%, T5=Foliar applied Fe 0.4%, T6=Soil applied Fe 1.5 kg ha-1+foliar applied Fe 0.1%, T7=Soil applied Fe 1.5 kg ha-1+foliar applied Fe 0.2%, T8=Soil applied Fe 3 kg ha-1+foliar applied Fe 0.1% and T9=Soil applied Fe 3 kg ha-1+foliar applied Fe 0.2%. All the treatments as alone or in combination, affected growth, yield and quality of wheat significantly (P<0.05). The results showed that T9 and T3 were most promising for almost all studied traits. Under T9 and T3, variety “TD-1” produced plants of 59.44 and 59.09 cm, while “Sindhu” showed 92.9 and 75.98 cm height, respectively. Higher grain yield (4799.7 and 4760.5 kg ha-1), grain protein (17.22 and 17.13%) were also recorded in T9 and T3, respectively; while T1 remained the least. In varieties, “TD-1” produced higher grain yield (4788.9 kg) than “Sindhu” (4341.8 kg ha-1). Inversely, grain protein was higher in variety “Sindhu” (17.10%) than “ TD-1” (16.72%). It was concluded that soil applied Fe 3 kg ha-1+foliar Fe 0.2% concentration or in absence of foliar application, soil applied Fe at 6 kg ha-1 remained most appropriate dose for wheat growers in addition to recommended NPK
EPI2C Entrepreneurship & Design Thinking
Authors: Edgeman Rick , Schwaller Henry , Sevak Kunal 
Published: September 2023

Entrepreneurship is a high-stakes, action-oriented game played on a field defined by competition and collaboration. However, across academic entrepreneurship programs, education formats range from almost exclusively classroom-based to highly experiential to hybrid. The entrepreneurship program at the authors’ institution has generally favored traditional classroom boundaries, augmented by non-mandatory experiential opportunities. Realizations derived from the covid-19 pandemic and ensuing movement to virtual instruction are driving rapid, ongoing change in the institution’s entrepreneurship program. Pandemic-driven isolation and additional isolation resulting from largely asynchronous virtual delivery of education have had negative impacts. Changes have been enacted to combat these factors that are generally antithetical to the hands-on nature of entrepreneurship, while contributing to decline in entrepreneurial performance across an array of measures. Seen in the face of the same factors, was a marked increase in business plan proposals featuring apps, creations, or other solutions emphasizing human-interaction. Relative to entrepreneurship education, these increases are taken to indicate hunger for (predominantly) face-to-face competition and collaboration. When linked with broad trends toward social and environmental responsibility, clarity emerged as to the sort of pivot needed in the trajectory of entrepreneurial and other education at the institution. The transformation in trajectory is captured by the motto “do good, make a difference, change the world”, symbolizing determination to focus on things that matter. Similarly, the pivot is captured by the acronym EPI2C, representing five targeted program aspects: “Experiential, Purposeful, Imaginative, Innovative & Creative”. Together, these drove rebranding of the program as “EPI2C Entrepreneurship & Design Thinking”, thus highlighting the enabling role of design thinking in many entrepreneurial endeavors. Delineated herein is program reinvention driven by the preceding motto; use of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) to support the motto; the role of design thinking; the relationship specific meanings and distinctions among the EPI2C descriptors; and specific program innovations. Also discussed is improved student performance associated with program reinvention.