bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S-45-4: THE EFFECTS OF HANDGRIP STRESS TEST ON HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND DIASTOLIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Hristova Krasimira , Tselov Nikolay , Tsonev Svetlin , Marinov Rumen , Slavchev Boris , Zlatancheva Galina , Velikov Toni , Stoyanovski Vasil 
Published: January 2023

Aim:
The effectiveness of isometric handgrip exercise on changes of cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters in patients with diastolic heart failure is unknown. We assess the effect of several hemodynamic parameters and it changes during handgrip maneuvers in patients with arterial hypertension and diastolic heart failure during different stages of chemotherapy.

Methods:
The study population included 245 patients females /120 pts with HFpEF and 100 pts with HFmrEF and 25 pts with HFnEF / mean age of 45 years/. The effects of handgrip maneuver on hemodynamic parameters were studied by speckle tracking echocardiography. Following maximal squeeze until 100%, during the next 3 minutes patients were instructed to apply pressure at 50 %. The global longitudinal strain were extracted by 3, 4 and 2 CV images 70 fr/s and MAP and HR were performed at basal level, 1st, 2nd and 3rd minutes during handgrip stress test.

Results:
Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) increased significantly after handgrip maneuver (from 95 beats/min to 101 beats/min; from 109 mm Hg to 118 mm Hg, p < 0.05 respectively). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), pulmonary artery systolic (s) and diastolic (d) pressures (PAP), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), did not change after handgrip maneuvers (p > 0.05). On the other hand, PAPs and PAPd, MAP and HR (p < 0.05) decreased significantly during handgrip maneuvers in group with HFmrEF. In same group were found significantly decreases of GLVLS at 2nd and 3rd minutes during stress test comparable with other 2 groups / p < 0.01/

Conclusion:
Cardiovascular response to handgrip maneuver may be a marker of failure to respond to compensatory mechanisms. Patients with good LV reserve had a rise in stroke /work with little or no change in LVEDP. Patients with poor reserve had a fall in stroke/ work together with a substantial rise in LVEDP. It is concluded that the stress imposed by sustained handgrip provides a simple test for the evaluation of left ventricular reserve in patients, who will develop cardiotoxicity during chemotherapy treatment.
S-46-2: DAYTIME MAXIMUM AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE AND RISK OF STROKE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH INCREASED AMBULATORY ARTERIAL STIFFNESS INDEX: THE JAMP STUDY
Authors: Hoshide Satoshi , Tomitani Naoko , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
The hypothesis of this study is that maximum ambulatory BP during daytime is a risk of cardiovascular events. We further hypothesize that this association may be remarkable in the population with increased arterial stiffness, because BP variability is linked to increased arterial stiffness.

Methods:
A total of 6294 Japan Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Prospective study participants (mean age, 68.6 ± 11.7 years; 78% treated hypertensive patients) with at least 1 cardiovascular risk factors performing ambulatory BP monitoring were followed for 4.5 years. Daytime maximum BP was calculated as the highest 1 hour moving average of 2 consecutive systolic BP readings during daytime defined by referring to the diary. Ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) was calculated as 1 minus the regression of diastolic BP plotted against systolic BP obtained from individual 24-hour BP.

Results:
During a follow-up, there were 217 atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (119 stroke, 98 coronary artery disease). Divided into quartiles of daytime maximum BP, the top quartile (≧179.4 mmHg) was a risk of stroke events compared to other quartiles after adjustment for covariates (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–2.27), but not a risk of coronary artery disease. In the higher AASI group (≧0.5783), this association was observed (HR, 1.89; 95%CI, 1.13–3.15) but not in the lower ASSI group. The highest risk of stroke among BP groups was observed the individuals with 24-hour systolic BP of at least 130 mmHg and the top quartile of daytime maximum BP with a HR (95%CI) of 2.44 (1.27–4.68), compared with those with 24-hour systolic BP of less than 130 mmHg and other quartiles of daytime maximum BP in the higher AASI group, but this association was not found in the lower AASI group.

Conclusion:
Maximum ambulatory BP during daytime was a risk of cardiovascular events, especially in increases arterial stiffness represented as AASI.
S-48-1: EXERCISE TRAINING CONSIDERING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SARCOPENIA AND FRAILTY
Authors: Takahashi Tetsuya , Yokoyama Miho , Morisawa Tomoyuki , Saitoh Masakazu , Minamino Tihru , Daida Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2023

As Japan's population ages, the number of people with cardiovascular disease is also aging, and the frequency of frailty is increasing. Hypertension is another frequent finding in older patients. Hypertension in older patients is associated with frailty, and hypertension can be a risk factor for frailty. Studies have shown that frailty correlates with systolic blood pressure and that frailty is strongly associated with white matter lesions on brain MRI in hypertensive older patients. Thus, flail prevention is extremely important because of the potential impact of hypertension on the development of organ damage. Hypertension is also recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke, and the development of these diseases can cause a decline in health status and/or exacerbate the degree of frailty. As people age, more people also experience blood pressure drops on standing (orthostatic hypotension), particularly as they become frail. This increases the likelihood of falls. Hypertension in older patients is also associated with sarcopenia.
We, the Juntendo University Cardiac Rehabilitation Team, provide exercise training for older patients with cardiovascular disease based on the characteristics of frailty and sarcopenia. Specifically, we conduct regular frailty assessments, and in addition to aerobic exercise, we have a program that specifically focuses on improving muscle strength, muscle power, and slowness. In addition, older cardiac patients with frailty and sarcopenia may have difficulty participating in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program due to their own low physical fitness and low physical function, distance to the hospital, and lack of caregivers who can accompany them. To overcome the extremely low participation rate in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program in Japan, the feasibility studies of tele-cardiac rehabilitation with real-time communication are also being conducted.
S-48-5: VASCULAR AGEING AND EXERCISE
Authors: Climie Rachel 
Published: January 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, we desperately need tools and approaches that can identify individuals at the asymptomatic, subclinical stage. Numerous studies have demonstrated a progressive decline of arterial function with age, even in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and overt CVD, which has given rise to the theory that arterial dysfunction (or accelerated vascular ageing) is a primary effect of advancing age and may represent a link between ageing and CVD. Markers of vascular ageing may be such tools, useful for identify those at risk of CVD.
Vascular ageing involves the deterioration in vascular structure and function over time, which ultimately leads to end organ damage in the heart, brain and kidney. Markers of vascular ageing are independent predictors of CVD events and mortality. Importantly, it must be recognised that vascular ageing occurs on a continuum across the life course, with its roots in foetal development and thus the importance of promoting healthy vascular ageing starts early in life.
Lifestyle interventions such as increasing exercise levels have been shown to have beneficial effects on various markers of vascular ageing. This presentation will summarise the evidence on the association between a physically active lifestyle and vascular ageing and how exercise can be used to delay early vascular ageing it at risk populations.
S-49-1: NUTRITION, CARDIO-METABOLIC RISK AND THE METABOLOME
Authors: Elliott Paul 
Published: January 2023

Dietary and nutritional factors are known to be important in the emergence and progression of cardiometabolic disease risk factors including high blood pressure and obesity. At population level, large variations in cardiometabolic and cardiovascular disease risk across populations and temporal variations within populations point to the key importance of lifestyle factors including diet in the occurrence of these diseases. For example, epidemiological studies (including INTERSALT and INTERMAP studies), animal models and randomised controlled clinical trials (including the recent Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS) in rural China [1]) have demonstrated the importance of salt intake in raised blood pressure and the rise of blood pressure with age, with interventions to lower salt intake resulting in lower risk of stroke, heart disease and all-cause mortality.
The “exposome“ concept has been proposed as a means to encapsulate the effects of environmental and lifestyle exposures (including diet) on the individual’s metabolism and risk of disease. The concept is that these factors interact at a cellular and systems level (against a background of genetic susceptibility) to determine the trajectory of health or disease. Their associated molecular signatures can be captured using omic technologies -- with the measurement of small molecule metabolites in blood or urine (metabolomics) being the most proximal to the phenotype. Metabolomics captures at high-resolution the biological signatures from the totality of internal (biochemical) and external exposures, including nutritional exposures and interactions between diet and the gut microbiome. These represent the end products of metabolic pathways associated with a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes, as well as direct signatures of lifestyle exposures including dietary intakes [2]. Agnostic (untargeted) analyses through the metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) applied to large-scale epidemiological data, coupled with targeted measurement of specific metabolites, can reveal novel signatures of perturbations in metabolic and disease pathways associated with nutritional exposures, including those related to blood pressure and adiposity. Development of nutritional biomarkers using such approaches could lead to objective markers of dietary intakes and diet quality which may be important for developing and monitoring dietary goals for long-term health.
S-50-3: MICROSAMPLING BASED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ANGIOTENSIN PEPTIDES IN THE RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM
Authors: Bernieh Dennis , Lane Dan , Gill Henry , Jones Don , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Hypertension is the leading risk factor of premature death globally, affecting around 1.3 billion people. The canonical renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) has been extensively studied and methods are available for use clinically to assess hypertension. The non-canonical axis of the RAAS (consists of angiotensin 1Ξ7, angiotensin 1Ξ9, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and alamandine) counteract the effects of the canonical pathway. This reveals their role as potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease, but it has not been studied in detail in the clinical or research setting due to the difficulty in measuring its components owing to instability. Furthermore, the functional balance between the two arms of RAAS has not been fully understood. These limitations can be overcome by using dried microsampling, which provides better sample stability. Microsampling requires just a micro blood volume (<30 μL) from a finger prick collected on a card. It is minimally invasive, cheap, and easy to collect by patients.

Design:
A microsampling based liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS assay) was developed and optimised to simultaneously quantify 10 peptides (angiotensin II, Ang III, Ang IV, ACE2, Ang 1Ξ5, Ang 1Ξ7, Ang 1Ξ9, Ang 1Ξ12, Alamandine and Ang A) in the RAAS pathway.

Methods:
For the preparation of calibration samples, 30 μL of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was spiked with the 10 peptides standards, spotted on a card, dried and extracted by solid phase extraction using their respective internal standards. Chromatographic analyses were performed on an Acquity C18 Premier peptide column using gradient elution with a run time of 8 min. Identification was carried out using electrospray ionisation (positive) on a Waters Xevo TQXS triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The developed assay is currently undergoing validation in line with international guidelines.

Results:
The method shows good linearity. The accuracy (relative error) and precision (coefficient of variation) values were within the pre-defined limits of ≧15% at all tested concentrations for the peptides. The assay sensitivity was sufficient to detect the peptides in dried blood spot samples.

Conclusion:
The microsampling based LCMS/MS assay development was successful and following completion of validation has the potential to quantify the circulating levels of these vasoactive peptides in patients with hypertension. This has been achieved, for the first time to the best of our knowledge on the entire RAAS pathway. This microsampling based proteomics assay could be used to study patients with hypertension in both research and clinical settings.
S-50-4: INCREASED PLASMA NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT AND CEREBRAL ATROPHY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Patel Sheila K , Restrepo Carolina , Khlif Mohamed , Werden Emilio , Ramchand Jay , Srivastava Piyush M , MacIsaac Richard J , Ekinci Elif I , Burrell Louise M , Brodtmann Amy 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and both are independently associated with increased dementia risk. Neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) is exclusively expressed in neurons and is an emerging plasma marker of neurodegeneration. We investigated the relationship between LVH, plasma NfL levels and brain atrophy in people with T2DM.

Design and method:
Participants with T2DM aged ≧ 50 years (n = 137) from the Diabetes and Dementia study (ACTRN126160005464590) in Melbourne, Australia completed detailed assessments including 3T brain MRI, transthoracic echocardiograms, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. FreeSurfer estimated brain volume measures; plasma NfL assayed on Simoa® Quanterix HD-X Analyzer. Differences in the mean cortical thickness and average cortical gray matter volume were examined using multivariate general linear models. Multiple linear regression models examined the relationship between NfL and LVH. Comparisons were made between those with and without LVH.

Results:
Participant details: age = 65 ± 7 (mean ± SD) years, BMI = 30 ± 6 kg/m2, 44% women, HbA1c = 60 ± 14 mmol/mol, median diabetes duration = 15 [25th, 75th quartiles 7, 22] years, 21% APOE ε4 carriers; 25% educated < 12 years; 28% LVH. LVH was significantly associated with older age, female sex, obesity (BMI 33 ± 6 vs. 29 ± 5 kg/m2), hypertension history (95% vs. 67%), less education (37% vs. 20%), greater cortical thinning and lower cortical gray matter volume. Plasma NfL was correlated positively with age, HbA1c, and LV mass and negatively with cortical thickness. Median plasma NfL levels were significantly higher in LVH participants (21 [14, 28] vs. 15 [11, 22] pg/mL). Differences with LVH remained significant after adjustment for age, BMI, sex, education, and total intracranial volume for cortical thickness and average cortical gray matter volume, but not after adjustment for hypertension. LVH was an independent predictor of NfL levels (coefficient 0.19, p = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Accelerated structural brain aging is seen in people with LVH and T2DM. LVH and hypertension appear conflated as risk factors for brain atrophy. Plasma NfL levels are associated with LVH and cortical thickness. LVH and plasma NfL are potential early biomarkers of neurodegeneration in T2DM.
S-51-6: RENOVASCULAR HYPERTENSION AND BRAIN: ROLE OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM AND SODIUM
Authors: Colombari Debora Simoes Almeida 
Published: January 2023

Renovascular hypertension is a type of secondary hypertension. Renovascular hypertensive 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) rats have an increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system, and it is an experimental model to study renovascular hypertension. Renovascular hypertensive 2K1C rats have an imbalance of RAS components in the brain, an impairment of the baroreflex and they present an increase in daily intake of hypertonic NaCl solution. Therefore, we focused on studying: 1) the effects of overexpression of RAS components in the in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), a brainstem area involved with cardiovascular control, 2) the brain mechanisms involved with the sodium appetite (operationally defined as an ingestion of hypertonic NaCl solution) in 2K1C rats. In adult Holtzman rats, the left renal artery was partially occluded by a silver clip with an opening of 0.2 mm to induce 2K1C. The experiments started after 6 weeks (hypertension plateau). We observed that increasing angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) expression in the NTS attenuated the development of renovascular hypertension and also reversed the impairment of the baroreflex observed in 2K1C rats. Furthermore, an observed decrease in mRNA levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the NTS of 2K1C rats was restored to control levels after viral-mediated increases in AT2R at this site. Virally mediated blockade of an intracellular pathway activated by angiotensin II (ANG II) acting in type 1 receptor (AT1R) in the NTS attenuated the development of renovascular hypertension and also reversed the impairment of the baroreflex. Daily 0.3 M NaCl intake transiently increased from the 2nd to the 5th week after 2K1C surgery. On the 6th week, in spite of comparable daily 0.3 M NaCl intake between 2K1C and sham rats, water deprivation (used to induce sodium appetite) produced a greater increase 0.3 M NaCl intake in 2K1C rats. Moreover, this intake is totally blocked by central AT1R and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism. These data demonstrated that ANG II acting in the AT1R in the NTS is involved with the development of hypertension and baroreflex impairment in 2K1C and that AT2 overexpression at the same site can counteract these effects. In addition, the results demonstrated the participation of ANG II and aldosterone acting centrally in the enhanced sodium intake in water deprived 2K1C rats.
S-52-4: BLOOD PRESSURE CATEGORIES AND PROGRESSION OF COMMON CAROTID ARTERY STENOSIS DEGREE IN A JAPANESE URBAN POPULATION: THE SUITA STUDY
Authors: Teramoto Masayuki , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Kashima Rena , Arafa Ahmed , Shimamoto Keiko , Gao Qi , Kataoka Hiroharu , Iihara Koji 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Little is known about the impacts of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels on the risk of a common carotid artery (CCA) stenosis degree progression in the general population. The objective of the present study was to examine the impact of blood pressure levels on the progression of CCA stenosis degree in the general population.

Design and method:
We studied 3,823 Japanese men and women without CCA stenosis at baseline whose CCA was measured by carotid ultrasonography on both sides (April 1994 to March 2005). We confirmed stenosis by Doppler and calculated the stenosis degree as a percentage of the stenotic area of the lumen in the cross-section perpendicular to the long axis. We measured BPs twice more than one min apart and used the average of two measurements of BPs for the analyses. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of CCA stenosis degree progression according to the BP categories defined by the ESC/ESH 2018 guideline.

Results:
During 22,877 person-years of follow-up, we observed 74 cases of new progression of CCA stenosis (25 % or more). The high BP was associated with increased risks of CCA stenosis (25 % or more) progression; the multivariable-adjusted HRs with 95 % CIs were 1.34 (0.68-2.65) for participants with normal BP (120–139 and/or 80–89 mm Hg) and 2.13 (1.05–4.30) for those with hypertension (SBP ≧ 140 mm Hg and/or DBP ≧ 90 mm Hg), compared to those with optimal BP (SBP < 120 mm Hg and DBP < 80 mm Hg). Similar positive associations were observed between SBP and DBP and the risk of carotid stenosis incidence, but only statistically significant for SBP; the multivariable-adjusted HRs per 10 mm Hg increase were 1.15 (1.02–1.31) for SBP and 1.18 (0.94–1.49) for DBP.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to show that high BP was associated with increased risks of CCA stenosis degree progression in the general population, independent of cholesterol levels. A stronger association was found with SBP than DBP. In addition to managing dyslipidemia, adequate control of SBP can prevent the development of CCA stenosis.
S-52-6: HYPERTENSION AND ITS COMPLICATIONS ARE COMMON IN A LOW RESOURCE SPECIALTY CLINIC IN NIGERIA
Authors: Adamu Umar Gati , Musa Tanko , Abdullahi Aisha , Ibok Idogonsit Okon 
Published: January 2023

Introduction (Background and Objective):
The cardiovascular disease spectrum in our environment is not well documented. This study aims to determine the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases in an out-patient specialty clinic in a low-resource tertiary center.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study of patients referred to with heart diseases in a hospital in North-central Nigeria. Consecutive patients that were consulted from June 1, to December 31, 2017, were included in the study. A pre-tested case report form was used to collect the data.

Results:
There were seven hundred and forty-eight patients with a mean age of 49.11 ± 14.47 years, (women, 61%). The females were younger than the men (46.21 ± 14.78 vs 53.64 ± 13.29). Hypertensive heart disease was the most common disorder (416 cases, 55.6%). Two hundred and five patients had heart failure (27.4%) and hypertension accounted for 67.8% while cardiomyopathies and peripartum cardiomyopathy occurred in 18.0% and 7.3% of the patients respectively. Valvular heart disease was found in 38 of the patients, 68.4% due to rheumatic valvular heart. There were 0.4% of the patients with symptoms suggestive of ischaemic heart disease.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that hypertensive heart disease was the most prevalent cardiovascular disease among patients seen in our clinic and is comparable to that reported in other parts of the country.
We, therefore, suggest that early screening, implementation of preventive strategies, and treatment be encouraged