bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of preeclampsia on cardiovascular events: An analysis of the Generation Scotland: Scottish family health study
Authors: Brown Catriona E. , Casey Helen , Dominiczak Anna F. , Kerr Shona , Campbell Archie , Delles Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPreeclampsia is a recognised cause of an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events when compared to the background risk in women who did not have hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. The Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) is a population cohort of more than 20,000 members of the Scottish population. Using the Scottish Morbidity Records, we linked the women in the GS:SFHS cohort to validated maternity and inpatient admission data. This allowed us to robustly identify cardiovascular outcomes in the form of inpatient admission for cardiovascular events, We also aimed to explore the risk of pregnancy on future cardiovascular events, using data from nulliparous and parous women.In total, 9732 women were selected. 3693 women were nulliparous, and after study exclusion, 5253 women with 9583 pregnancies remained. Pregnancies from 1980 until the end of the study period of 1st of July 2013 were included. Cardiovascular events occurred in 9.0% of nulliparous women, 4.2% of women with pregnancies and in 7.6% of women with a history of preeclampsia. A total of 218 parous women experienced cardiovascular events, 25 in the preeclampsia group and 193 in the normotensive group.Survival analysis was undertaken, with index pregnancy taken as first pregnancy in normotensive controls and first preeclampsia pregnancy in cases. Endpoint of interest was admission to hospital with first cardiovascular event. After further exclusions a total of 169 cardiovascular events occurred in the normotensive pregnancy group and 20 in the preeclampsia group. Women with a history of preeclampsia were more likely to have cardiovascular events later in life than women with normotensive deliveries., This was statistically significantly different on Kaplan Meier survival analysis, (log rank Mantel-Cox p-value < 0.001). The women in our study were middle-aged, within 33 years of pregnancy, with a mean age of 53 years in the preeclampsia cardiovascular events group.Our study supports the urgent need for uniform guidelines and implementation to improve the health in women with this medical history. Increased awareness among the public of the cardiovascular risk associated with PE is vital to aid uptake of cardiovascular prevention programmes.
Subtyping-based platform guides precision medicine for heavily pretreated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: The FUTURE phase II umbrella clinical trial
Authors: Liu Yin , Zhu Xiu-Zhi , Xiao Yi , Wu Song-Yang , Zuo Wen-Jia , Yu Qiang , Cao A-Yong , Li Jun-Jie , Yu Ke-Da , Liu Guang-Yu , Wu Jiong , Sun Tao , Cui Jiu-Wei , Lv Zheng , Li Hui-Ping , Zhu Xiao-Yu , Jiang Yi-Zhou , Wang Zhong-Hua , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease and lacks effective treatment. Our previous study classified TNBCs into four subtypes with putative therapeutic targets. Here, we report the final results of FUTURE, a phase II umbrella trial designed to explore whether the subtyping-based strategy may improve the outcomes in metastatic TNBC patients. A total of 141 patients with a median of three previous lines of therapies in the metastatic setting were enrolled in seven parallel arms. Confirmed objective responses were achieved in 42 patients (29.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 22.4–38.1). The median values of progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.4 (95% CI: 2.7–4.2) and 10.7 (95% CI: 9.1–12.3) months, respectively. Given Bayesian predictive probability, efficacy boundaries were achieved in four arms. Furthermore, integrated genomic and clinicopathological profiling illustrated associations of clinical and genomic parameters with treatment efficacy, and the efficacy of novel antibody–drug conjugates was explored in preclinical TNBC models of subtypes for which treatment was futile. In general, the FUTURE strategy recruits patients efficiently and provides promising efficacy with manageable toxicities, outlining a direction for further clinical exploration.
Home vision monitoring in patients with maculopathy: current and future options for digital technologies
Authors: Balaskas Konstantinos , Drawnel Faye , Khanani Arshad M. , Knox Paul C. , Mavromaras George , Wang Yi-Zhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatients with macular pathology, including that caused by age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema, must attend frequent in-clinic monitoring appointments to detect onset of disease activity requiring treatment and to monitor progression of existing disease. In-person clinical monitoring places a significant burden on patients, caregivers and healthcare systems and is limited in that it only provides clinicians with a snapshot of the patient’s disease status. The advent of remote monitoring technologies offers the potential for patients to test their own retinal health at home in collaboration with clinicians, reducing the need for in-clinic appointments. In this review we discuss visual function tests, both existing and novel, that have the potential for remote use and consider their suitability for discriminating the presence of disease and progression of disease. We then review the clinical evidence supporting the use of mobile applications for monitoring of visual function from clinical development through to validation studies and real-world implementation. This review identified seven app-based visual function tests: four that have already received some form of regulatory clearance and three under development. The evidence included in this review shows that remote monitoring offers great potential for patients with macular pathology to monitor their condition from home, reducing the need for burdensome clinic visits and expanding clinicians’ understanding of patients’ retinal health beyond traditional clinical monitoring. In order to instil confidence in the use of remote monitoring in both patients and clinicians further longitudinal real-world studies are now warranted.
Differences in laboratory versus field treatment performance of point-of-use drinking water treatment methods: research gaps and ways forward
Authors: Zimmer C. , Dorea C. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this Perspective, we present evidence that indicates a discrepancy between laboratory and field performance of point of use water treatment (POUWT) techniques, identified via a narrative review process to investigate the origin of the LRV comparison estimates reported by the WHO. We considered only peer-reviewed articles that reported laboratory and field log reduction values (LRVs) for the same POU technology. We will present a summary of explanations that have been offered by the literature regarding such discrepancies; the potential implications of the “laboratory versus field” data discrepancy; and potential risks posed by conflating the two. Finally, in view of this discussion, we propose a strategy to help mitigate the research gap and explore the potential to improve current health risk assessments and ultimately, recommendations by public health entities and manufacturers of POUWT products.
Current levels of microplastic pollution impact wild seabird gut microbiomes
Authors: Fackelmann Gloria , Pham Christopher K. , Rodríguez Yasmina , Mallory Mark L. , Provencher Jennifer F. , Baak Julia E. , Sommer Simone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroplastics contaminate environments worldwide and are ingested by numerous species, whose health is affected in multiple ways. A key dimension of health that may be affected is the gut microbiome, but these effects are relatively unexplored. Here, we investigated if microplastics are associated with changes in proventricular and cloacal microbiomes in two seabird species that chronically ingest microplastics: northern fulmars and Cory’s shearwaters. The amount of microplastics in the gut was significantly correlated with gut microbial diversity and composition: microplastics were associated with decreases in commensal microbiota and increases in (zoonotic) pathogens and antibiotic-resistant and plastic-degrading microbes. These results illustrate that environmentally relevant microplastic concentrations and mixtures are associated with changes in gut microbiomes in wild seabirds.
A solar wind-derived water reservoir on the Moon hosted by impact glass beads
Authors: He Huicun , Ji Jianglong , Zhang Yue , Hu Sen , Lin Yangting , Hui Hejiu , Hao Jialong , Li Ruiying , Yang Wei , Tian Hengci , Zhang Chi , Anand Mahesh , Tartèse Romain , Gu Lixin , Li Jinhua , Zhang Di , Mao Qian , Jia Lihui , Li Xiaoguang , Chen Yi , Zhang Li , Ni Huaiwei , Wu Shitou , Wang Hao , Li Qiuli , He Huaiyu , Li Xianhua , Wu Fuyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe past two decades of lunar exploration have seen the detection of substantial quantities of water on the Moon’s surface. It has been proposed that a hydrated layer exists at depth in lunar soils, buffering a water cycle on the Moon globally. However, a reservoir has yet to be identified for this hydrated layer. Here we report the abundance, hydrogen isotope composition and core-to-rim variations of water measured in impact glass beads extracted from lunar soils returned by the Chang’e-5 mission. The impact glass beads preserve hydration signatures and display water abundance profiles consistent with the inward diffusion of solar wind-derived water. Diffusion modelling estimates diffusion timescales of less than 15 years at a temperature of 360 K. Such short diffusion timescales suggest an efficient water recharge mechanism that could sustain the lunar surface water cycle. We estimate that the amount of water hosted by impact glass beads in lunar soils may reach up to 2.7 × 1014 kg. Our direct measurements of this surface reservoir of lunar water show that impact glass beads can store substantial quantities of solar wind-derived water on the Moon and suggest that impact glass may be water reservoirs on other airless bodies.
Hybrid 2D–CMOS microchips for memristive applications
Authors: Zhu Kaichen , Pazos Sebastian , Aguirre Fernando , Shen Yaqing , Yuan Yue , Zheng Wenwen , Alharbi Osamah , Villena Marco A. , Fang Bin , Li Xinyi , Milozzi Alessandro , Farronato Matteo , Muñoz-Rojo Miguel , Wang Tao , Li Ren , Fariborzi Hossein , Roldan Juan B. , Benstetter Guenther , Zhang Xixiang , Alshareef Husam N. , Grasser Tibor , Wu Huaqiang , Ielmini Daniele , Lanza Mario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExploiting the excellent electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials to fabricate advanced electronic circuits is a major goal for the semiconductor industry1,2. However, most studies in this field have been limited to the fabrication and characterization of isolated large (more than 1 µm2) devices on unfunctional SiO2–Si substrates. Some studies have integrated monolayer graphene on silicon microchips as a large-area (more than 500 µm2) interconnection3 and as a channel of large transistors (roughly 16.5 µm2) (refs. 4,5), but in all cases the integration density was low, no computation was demonstrated and manipulating monolayer 2D materials was challenging because native pinholes and cracks during transfer increase variability and reduce yield. Here, we present the fabrication of high-integration-density 2D–CMOS hybrid microchips for memristive applications—CMOS stands for complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor. We transfer a sheet of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride onto the back-end-of-line interconnections of silicon microchips containing CMOS transistors of the 180 nm node, and finalize the circuits by patterning the top electrodes and interconnections. The CMOS transistors provide outstanding control over the currents across the hexagonal boron nitride memristors, which allows us to achieve endurances of roughly 5 million cycles in memristors as small as 0.053 µm2. We demonstrate in-memory computation by constructing logic gates, and measure spike-timing dependent plasticity signals that are suitable for the implementation of spiking neural networks. The high performance and the relatively-high technology readiness level achieved represent a notable advance towards the integration of 2D materials in microelectronic products and memristive applications.
SEACells infers transcriptional and epigenomic cellular states from single-cell genomics data
Authors: Persad Sitara , Choo Zi-Ning , Dien Christine , Sohail Noor , Masilionis Ignas , Chaligné Ronan , Nawy Tal , Brown Chrysothemis C. , Sharma Roshan , Pe’er Itsik , Setty Manu , Pe’er Dana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMetacells are cell groupings derived from single-cell sequencing data that represent highly granular, distinct cell states. Here we present single-cell aggregation of cell states (SEACells), an algorithm for identifying metacells that overcome the sparsity of single-cell data while retaining heterogeneity obscured by traditional cell clustering. SEACells outperforms existing algorithms in identifying comprehensive, compact and well-separated metacells in both RNA and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC) modalities across datasets with discrete cell types and continuous trajectories. We demonstrate the use of SEACells to improve gene–peak associations, compute ATAC gene scores and infer the activities of critical regulators during differentiation. Metacell-level analysis scales to large datasets and is particularly well suited for patient cohorts, where per-patient aggregation provides more robust units for data integration. We use our metacells to reveal expression dynamics and gradual reconfiguration of the chromatin landscape during hematopoietic differentiation and to uniquely identify CD4 T cell differentiation and activation states associated with disease onset and severity in a Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient cohort.
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine fatigue
Authors: Stamm Tanja A. , Partheymüller Julia , Mosor Erika , Ritschl Valentin , Kritzinger Sylvia , Alunno Alessia , Eberl Jakob-Moritz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is growing concern that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine fatigue will be a major obstacle in maintaining immunity in the general population. In this study, we assessed vaccine acceptance in future scenarios in two conjoint experiments, investigating determinants such as new vaccines, communication, costs/incentives and legal rules. The experiments were embedded in an online survey (n = 6,357 participants) conducted in two European countries (Austria and Italy). Our results suggest that vaccination campaigns should be tailored to subgroups based on their vaccination status. Among the unvaccinated, campaign messages conveying community spirit had a positive effect (0.343, confidence interval (CI) 0.019–0.666), whereas offering positive incentives, such as a cash reward (0.722, CI 0.429–1.014) or voucher (0.670, CI 0.373–0.967), was pivotal to the decision-making of those vaccinated once or twice. Among the triple vaccinated, vaccination readiness increased when adapted vaccines were offered (0.279, CI 0.182–0.377), but costs (−0.795, CI −0.935 to −0.654) and medical dissensus (−0.161, CI −0.293 to −0.030) reduced their likelihood to get vaccinated. We conclude that failing to mobilize the triple vaccinated is likely to result in booster vaccination rates falling short of expectations. For long-term success, measures fostering institutional trust should be considered. These results provide guidance to those responsible for future COVID-19 vaccination campaigns.
Interhemispheric interplay between the left and right premotor cortex during grasping as assessed by dynamic causal modelling
Authors: Bencivenga Federica , Tullo Maria Giulia , Sulpizio Valentina , Galati Gaspare 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch on the contribution of the ipsilateral hemisphere to unilateral movements, and how it is mediated by transcallosal connections, has so far provided contradictory findings. By using dynamic causal modelling (DCM) and Parametric Empirical Bayes analyses applied to fMRI data, we sought to describe effective connectivity during pantomimed and imagined right-hand grasping within the grasping network, namely the anterior intraparietal sulcus, ventral and dorsal (PMd) premotor cortex, supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex (M1). The two-fold aim of the present work was to explore a) whether right and left parieto-frontal areas show similar connectivity couplings, and b) the interhemispheric dynamics between these regions across the two hemispheres. We detected a network architecture comparable across hemispheres during executed but not imagined grasping movements. Furthermore, during pantomimed grasping the interhemispheric crosstalk was mainly driven by premotor areas: we found an inhibitory influence from the right PMd toward the left premotor and motor areas and excitatory couplings between homologous ventral premotor and supplementary motor regions. Overall, our results support the view that dissociable components of unilateral grasping execution are encoded by a non-lateralized set of brain areas complexly intertwined by interhemispheric dynamics, whereas motor imagery obeys different principles.
Screening for or diagnosing medial meniscal root injury using peripheral medial joint space width ratio in plain radiographs
Authors: Asawatreratanakul Pasin , Boonriong Tanarat , Parinyakhup Wachiraphan , Chuaychoosakoon Chaiwat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity for screening and diagnosis of medial meniscal root injury using the distance ratio of medial joint space width between affected and unaffected knees in patients with potential medial meniscal root injury (MMRI) using plain radiographs, the study enrolled 49 patients with suspected MMRI who were then evaluated for MMRI using plain radiographs of both knees in the anteroposterior view and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. The ratios of peripheral medial joint space width between the affected and unaffected sides were calculated. The cut point value, sensitivity and specificity were calculated according to a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In the study, 18 and 31 patients were diagnosed with and without MMRI, respectively. The mean peripheral medial joint space width ratios comparing the affected side to the unaffected side in the standing position of the anteroposterior view of both knees in the MMRI and non-MMRI groups were 0.83 ± 0.11 and 1.04 ± 0.16, respectively, which was a significant difference (p-value < 0.001). The cut point value of the peripheral medial joint space width ratio between the affected and unaffected sides for suspected MMRI was 0.985, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.83 and 0.81, respectively, and for diagnosis was 0.78, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.39 and 1.00, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.881. Patients with a possible MMRI had peripheral medial joint space width ratios less than patients with non-MMRI. This test can be used for reliably screening for or diagnosing medial meniscal root injury in primary or secondary care settings.
Wearable coupled-quarter-mode SIW antenna platform with hybrid kinetic and ambient-light energy harvesting
Authors: Jocqué Jelle , Verhaevert Jo , Van Torre Patrick , Rogier Hendrik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs key enablers for smart fabric interactive textile (SFIT) systems, textile antenna systems and platforms need to be energy-efficient, low-profile and should guarantee a stable wireless body-centric communication link. Using multiple energy harvesters on and in the antenna platform is highly recommended to enable autonomous SFIT systems. Different sensors could be added to the system for monitoring the environmental and/or biophysical parameters of rescue workers, military personnel, and other safety workers. Therefore, a wearable coupled-quarter-mode (coupled-QM) substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna with optimally, seamlessly integrated hybrid kinetic and ambient-light energy harvesters is proposed. Two QM cavities are coupled via a non-resonant slot to create a compact antenna covering the [2.4; 2.4835] GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. The antenna platform fully consists of textile materials, being protective rubber foam and copper taffeta, enabling its unobtrusive integration into protective clothing. A novel, compact way of deploying a kinetic energy harvester inside the substrate, combined with flexible power management electronics on the antenna feed plane and a flexible ambient-light photovoltaic cell on the antenna plane, is proposed. The integrated antenna platform exhibits a measured impedance bandwidth of 307 MHz, a radiation efficiency of 88.57% and maximum gain of 3.74 dBi at 2.45 GHz. Wearing the antenna platform around a person’s wrist resulted in an average harvested power of 229.8 µW when walking in an illuminated room.
Dynamic changes in Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 transducing phage throughout the evolution of O26:H11 Stx-producing Escherichia coli
Authors: Yano Bungo , Taniguchi Itsuki , Gotoh Yasuhiro , Hayashi Tetsuya , Nakamura Keiji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractShiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor of Stx-producingEscherichia coli(STEC). All known Stxs (Stx1 and Stx2) are encoded by bacteriophages (Stx phages). Although the genetic diversity of Stx phages has frequently been described, systematic analyses of Stx phages in a single STEC lineage are limited. In this study, focusing on the O26:H11 STEC sequence type 21 (ST21) lineage, where thestx1agene is highly conserved, we analysed the Stx1a phages in 39 strains representative of the entire ST21 lineage and found a high level of variation in Stx1a phage genomes caused by various mechanisms, including replacement by a different Stx1a phage at the same or different locus. The evolutionary timescale of events changing Stx1a phages in ST21 was also determined. Furthermore, by using an Stx1 quantification system developed in this study, we found notable variations in the efficiency of Stx1 production upon prophage induction, which sharply contrasted with the conserved iron regulated Stx1 production. These variations were associated with the Stx1a phage alteration in some cases but not in other cases; thus, Stx1 production in this STEC lineage was determined by differences not only in Stx1 phages but also in host-encoded factors.
Comparison of posterior vitreous detachment-related and glaucomatous optic disc hemorrhage
Authors: Jin Cho , Park Gi Seok , Kim Kyung Nam , Song Mi Yeon , Hwang Young Hoon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study compared the characteristics of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)-related and glaucomatous optic disc hemorrhage (DH). Fundus photographs of eyes with PVD-related DH (PVD group) and glaucomatous DH (glaucoma group) were reviewed. The shape, type, layer, location (clock-hour sector), and DH/disc area (DH/DA) ratio of DH were investigated. In the PVD group, DH presented as a flame (60.9%), splinter (34.8%), and dot or blot (4.3%) shape. However, most of the glaucomatous DH revealed a splinter shape (92.3%), followed by a flame shape (7.7%, p < 0.001). In the PVD group, the most common type of DH was cup margin type (52.2%), whereas, in the glaucoma group it was disc rim type (53.8%, p = 0.003). Both PVD-related and glaucomatous DH were most commonly observed in the 7 o’clock sector. In the PVD group, DH was also found in the 2 and 5 o’clock sectors (p = 0.010). Mean DH/DA ratio in PVD group (0.15 ± 0.19) was greater than in glaucoma group (0.04 ± 0.04, p < 0.001). PVD-related DH showed a higher frequency of flame shape, cup margin type, nasal location, and greater area compared to the glaucomatous DH.