bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative surface chlorophyll concentration anomalies in the southeastern Arabian Sea during 2015 and 2019 summers
Authors: Huang Huaming , Huang Ke , Yang Lei , Wang Dongxiao , Liang Zhanlin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Two extremely low surface chlorophyll concentration events in the southeast Arabian Sea (SEAS, 6oN-15oN, 72oE-77oE) during summers of 2015 and 2019 have been found since 1998. Although warm sea surface temperature (SST) and low nutrients are the direct cause for the anomalously low surface chlorophyll concentration, the physical processes leading to the warm SST anomalies during 2015 and 2019 summer are different. Satellite observations, model outputs and reanalysis data are used to explore the related mechanisms. In 2019, the combined effects of northward local wind anomaly due to extreme positive Indian ocean dipole (IOD) and westward-propagating downwelling Kelvin wave driven by the easterly anomaly in eastern Sri Lanka weaken the upwelling in the SEAS, leading to warm SST anomaly and suppressing the upward transport of the subsurface nutrients to the surface. A weaker positive IOD occurred in 2015, leading to stronger upwelling in the SEAS than during 2019. Yet, seawater in the SEAS experienced extreme warming (lowest SST exceeded 28.5oC) due to the development of super El Niño in 2015. The significant seawater warming can shoal mixed layer and prevent the nutrients in the subsurface from reaching surface, which is unfavorable for the chlorophyll growth. The thermal balance analysis suggests that the extreme warming in the SEAS was mainly related to more downward shortwave radiation and zonal advection.
Public Communication as a Mechanism for Collusion in the Broiler Industry
Authors: Sheng Qiwen , Vukina Tomislav 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate whether the U.S. broiler companies used public information sharing mechanisms to collude to reduce output and fix prices. Utilizing natural language processing methods, we converted quarterly earnings call transcripts of publicly traded broiler companies into structured data. We identified 6 keywords used as signals: cut, balance, constrain, discipline, reduction and adjustment. Our results show statistically significant and mildly elastic negative relationship between the keywords signals and three different broiler production precursors. For example, a 1% increase in aggregated signal is associated with 1.24% reduction in the broiler-type eggs placed in incubators. The results are corroborated when using LASSO estimation to identify the most important elements in the vector of collusion signals. Our findings can be interpreted as adding to the already large body of prosecutorial evidence that in the early 2010s broiler companies colluded to reduce production and fix prices.
The Value of Admission Avoidance: Cost-Consequence Analysis of One-Year Activity in a Consolidated Service
Authors: Hernandez Carme , Herranz Carme , Baltaxe Erik , Seijas Nuria , González-Colom Rubèn , Asenjo Maria , Coloma Emmanuel , Fernandez Joaquim , Vela Emili , Carot-Sans Gerard , Cano Isaac , Roca Josep , Nicolas David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

Many advantages of hospital at home (HaH), as a modality of acute care, have been highlighted, but controversies exist regarding the cost-benefit trade-offs. The objective is to assess health outcomes and analytical costs of hospital avoidance (HaH-HA) in a consolidated service with over ten years of delivery of HaH in Barcelona (Spain).

Methods

A retrospective cost-consequence analysis of all first episodes of HaH-HA, directly admitted from the emergency room (ER) in 2017–2018, was carried out. HaH-HA was compared with a propensity-score-matched group of contemporary patients admitted to conventional hospitalization (Controls). Mortality, re-admissions, ER visits, and direct healthcare costs were evaluated.

Results

HaH-HA and Controls (n = 441 each) were comparable in terms of age (73 [SD16] vs 74 [16]), gender (male, 57% vs 59%), multimorbidity, healthcare expenditure during the previous year, case mix index of the acute episode, and main diagnosis at discharge. HaH-HA presented lower mortality during the episode (0 vs. 19 (4.3%); p < 0.001). At 30 days post-discharge, HaH-HA and Controls showed similar re-admission rates; however, ER visits were lower in HaH-HA than in Controls (28 (6.3%) vs 34 (8.1%); p = 0.044). Average costs per patient during the episode were lower in the HaH-HA group (€ 1,078) than in Controls (€ 2,171). Likewise, healthcare costs within the 30 days post-discharge were also lower in HaH-Ha than in Controls (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The study showed higher performance and cost reductions of HaH-HA in a real-world setting. The identification of sources of savings facilitates scaling of hospital avoidance.
Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (26/04/2017; NCT03130283).
General mechanisms for stabilizing weakly compressible multiphase models and their applications
Authors: Lu Jinhua , Adams Nikolaus A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The present paper analyzes three representative weakly compressible multiphase models. It is found that these models contain some identical numerical dissipation terms, pressure diffusion, and bulk viscosity terms. Numerical investigations show that these identical numerical dissipation terms interpret general mechanisms for stabilizing computations. The generality of mechanisms is reflected in (a) they are likely to present in many weakly compressible multiphase models and (b) they represent interpretable physical mechanisms. Based on those general mechanisms, many weakly compressible multiphase models can be incorporated into a general theoretical framework. And a general weakly compressible solver for multiphase flows (GWCS-MF) is proposed. It is derived from standard governing equations and can easily be applied to nonuniform meshes. Detailed numerical tests demonstrate that it can achieve good numerical stability and accuracy for challenging conditions (inviscid fluids, large density ratios, high Weber numbers, and high Reynolds numbers) and can simulate complex interface evolution well. These good performances exhibit the advantages of GWCS-MF and further validate those general mechanisms.
Nitrous oxide emission from a flooded tropical wetland across a vegetation and land use gradient
Authors: Were David , Hein Thomas , Kansiime Frank 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study investigated, using the closed chamber method, the impact of (1) vegetation community type (Typha latifolia, Cyperus papyrus and Phragmites mauritianus) in a natural tropical freshwater marsh wetland (marsh) and (2) conversion of a natural tropical freshwater marsh into a rice paddy wetland (rice paddy), on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission. Both the marsh and the rice paddy were continuously flooded, while the rice paddy was unfertilized. Average N2O emission from the marsh did not vary significantly (p &gt; 0.05) among the vegetation communities, ranging from 0.5 to 0.6 μg m−2 h−1. Similarly, these N2O emission rates were not significantly different (p &gt; 0.05) from those recorded in the rice paddy (0.7 ± 2.8 [SE] μg m−2 h−1). There was no significant correlation (p &gt; 0.05) between environmental parameters and N2O emission. We concluded that vegetation community type does not affect N2O emission from natural tropical freshwater marshes under continuous flooding. Further, converting natural tropical freshwater marshes into continuously flooded and unfertilized rice paddies does not affect N2O emission but instead enhances carbon emission, as was depicted by the significantly lower (p &gt; 0.05) soil organic carbon content in the rice paddy. In view of climate change mitigation, therefore, wetland management should give priority to the conservation/protection of natural wetlands.
Development process and height of the mining-induced water fractured zone over the longwall goaf
Authors: Fan Kaifang , Wang Qiqing , Li Wenping , Chen Yuanyi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Providing accurate prediction methods for mining-induced water fractured zones over the longwall goaf has become increasingly significant because of the grand economic and technological challenges of deeper extraction. Taking the No. 839 coalface in the Qingdong mining area as a case study, a comprehensive study of the water-flowing fractured zone (WFFZ) formation process and peak height were carried out by the radial basis function (RBF) neural network model, parallel electrical monitoring (PEM) technology, numerical simulation model and the empirical formula method. The results show that the destruction does not occur simply layer-by-layer from the bottom up. Rather, the fractured areas appear first in soft layers above the goaf. With the advance of footage, the destruction gradually extends from soft layers to hard layers, and the WFFZ is formed when the fractured areas fit closely together. Also, the change process of the WFFZ shape is closely related to rock mass heterogeneity. In addition, the results of the comparison suggest that the RBF neural network model had more accuracy in predicting the height of the WFFZ than the numerical simulation model and empirical formula method.
Investigation of functional performance of treatment systems for textile wastewater in selected textile industries in Tanzania
Authors: Oyetade Joshua Akinropo , Machunda Revocatus Lazaro , Hilonga Askwar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Textile industrialization is an integral part of the economic growth in Tanzania. However, the corresponding wastewater from textile treatment processes consists of dyes and auxiliaries associated with acute toxicological impacts. This necessitates an investigation of the functional performance of the industrial treatment systems used before effluent discharge. The study primarily accesses the catalog of industrial dyes and the functionality of the treatment system at Arusha, Morogoro and Dar es Salaam vis-à-vis the effluent physicochemical properties. The analytical study reveals disperse (42%), vat (34%) and reactive (26%) as the most used industrial dyes. The physicochemical properties of the quantified wastewater reveal a significant amount of and phosphorus which was consequent to the high turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) apart from the color at the different sampling points. Although the treatability of the wastewater was 90% efficient using an activated carbon system (237.33 ± 0.67 mg/L). Similarly, the use of aerated constructed wetlands shows efficiency in the remediation of the recalcitrant having a value of 12.13 ± 0.89b mg/L (90%) and 13.22 ± 0.15a mg/L (94%). Thereafter, needful recommendations were suggested based on the physicochemical properties of the textile wastewater and to improve the functionality of the treatment systems in the respective industries.
Analyzing User-Generated Web-Based Posts of Adolescents’ Emotional, Behavioral, and Symptom Responses to Beliefs About Depression: Qualitative Thematic Analysis
Authors: Dysthe Kim Kristoffer , Røssberg Jan Ivar , Brandtzaeg Petter Bae , Skjuve Marita , Haavet Ole Rikard , Følstad Asbjørn , Klovning Atle 
Published: January 2023

Background
Depression is common during adolescence. Early intervention can prevent it from developing into more progressive mental disorders. Combining information technology and clinical psychoeducation is a promising way to intervene at an earlier stage. However, data-driven research on the cognitive response to health information targeting adolescents with symptoms of depression is lacking.

Objective
This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap through a new understanding of adolescents’ cognitive response to health information about depression. This knowledge can help to develop population-specific information technology, such as chatbots, in addition to clinical therapeutic tools for use in general practice.

Methods
The data set consists of 1870 depression-related questions posted by adolescents on a public web-based information service. Most of the posts contain descriptions of events that lead to depression. On a sample of 100 posts, we conducted a qualitative thematic analysis based on cognitive behavioral theory investigating behavioral, emotional, and symptom responses to beliefs associated with depression.

Results
Results were organized into four themes. (1) Hopelessness, appearing as a set of negative beliefs about the future, possibly results from erroneous beliefs about the causal link between risk factors and the course of depression. We found beliefs about establishing a sturdy therapy alliance as a responsibility resting on the patient. (2) Therapy hesitancy seemed to be associated with negative beliefs about therapy prognosis and doubts about confidentiality. (3) Social shame appeared as a consequence of impaired daily function when the cause is not acknowledged. (4) Failing to attain social interaction appeared to be associated with a negative symptom response. In contrast, actively obtaining social support reduces symptoms and suicidal thoughts.

Conclusions
These results could be used to meet the clinical aims stated by earlier psychoeducation development, such as instilling hope through direct reattribution of beliefs about the future; challenging causal attributions, thereby lowering therapy hesitancy; reducing shame through the mechanisms of externalization by providing a tentative diagnosis despite the risk of stigmatizing; and providing initial symptom relief by giving advice on how to open up and reveal themselves to friends and family and balance the message of self-management to fit coping capabilities. An active counseling style advises the patient to approach the social environment, demonstrating an attitude toward self-action.
Understanding Drivers of Vaccine Hesitancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Older Adults in Jiangsu Province, China: Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Yang Liuqing , Ji Lili , Wang Qiang , Yang Guoping , Xiu Shixin , Cui Tingting , Shi Naiyang , Zhu Lin , Xu Xuepeng , Jin Hui , Zhen Shiqi 
Published: January 2023

Background
Older adults are particularly at risk from infectious diseases, including serve complications, hospitalization, and death.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the drivers of vaccine hesitancy among older adults based on the “3Cs” (confidence, complacency, and convenience) framework, where socioeconomic status and vaccination history played the role of moderators.

Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Jiangsu Province, China, between June 1 and July 20, 2021. Older adults (aged ≥60 years) were recruited using a stratified sampling method. Vaccine hesitancy was influenced by the 3Cs in the model. Socioeconomic status and vaccination history processed through the item parceling method were used to moderate associations between the 3Cs and hesitancy. Hierarchical regression analyses and structural equation modeling were used to test the validity of the new framework. We performed 5000 trials of bootstrapping to calculate the 95% CI of the pathway’s coefficients.

Results
A total of 1341 older adults participated. The mean age was 71.3 (SD 5.4) years, and 44.7% (599/1341) of participants were men. Confidence (b=0.967; 95% CI 0.759-1.201; P=.002), convenience (b=0.458; 95% CI 0.333-0.590; P=.002), and less complacency (b=0.301; 95% CI 0.187-0.408; P=.002) were positively associated with less vaccine hesitancy. Socioeconomic status weakened the positive effect of low complacency (b=–0.065; P=.03) on low vaccine hesitancy. COVID-19 vaccination history negatively moderated the positive association between confidence (b=–0.071; P=.02) and lower vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusions
Our study identified that confidence was the more influential dimension in reducing vaccine hesitancy among older adults. COVID-19 vaccination history, as well as confidence, had a positive association with less vaccine hesitancy and could weaken the role of confidence in vaccine hesitancy. Socioeconomic status had a substitution relationship with less complacency, which suggested a competitive positive association between them on less vaccine hesitancy.
Обработка словарей старокалмыцкого языка на платформе Lingvodoc: предварительные результаты
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Mirzaeva Saglara V.  , Doleeva Aisa O. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Investigations of sources written in Old Kalmyk Clear Script (todo biciq) (17th–20th centuries) as part of academic Mongolian studies have been continuous for more than 150 years. However, in modern Kalmyk studies there can hardly be found any generalizing works on Kalmyk historical grammar. Besides, there is still a problem of digitizing all Clear Script texts (including lexicographical works) to form a corresponding database. Meanwhile, the study of such sources shall make it possible to describe the process of development — in a diachronic aspect — of the Kalmyk (Oirat) language which has been isolated from other Mongolic languages in differing ethnic and cultural environments of European Russia. Goals. The paper aims to describe some preliminary results dealing with the system of Old Kalmyk vowels and received through the analysis of Old Kalmyk bilingual dictionaries conducted on the Lingvodoc linguistic platform. Materials. The study examines five dictionaries of Old Kalmyk, namely: an anonymous 18th-century Russian-Kalmyk dictionary, dictionaries by V. Diligensky, P. Smirnov, N. Lvovsky, and A. Pozdneev. Results. The Lingvodoc-based insight into the Old Kalmyk vowel system throughout the five examined dictionaries has revealed some vowel concordances, such as u (ü) / o (ö), e / i — and analogues of the latter have also been found in Turkic languages. The u > o transition is traced in N. Lvovsky’s dictionary which suggests the registered (source) dialect involved can be associated with the modern Dorbet one characterized by the same process. The linguistic platform and its tools have been instrumental in identifying transitions similar to the ones observed in the examined dictionaries — in Kazakh, Bashkir, and Tatar languages together referred to as Kipchak Turkic ones. Moreover, our analysis of techniques once employed in the dictionaries to transcribe long vowels of Old Kalmyk has actualized and clarified some conclusions of D. Pavlov who had also investigated the issue.
Лексико-семантические группы локативных имен существительных в монгольских языках
Authors:   Gorodovikov Kalmyk State University (11, Pushkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Lidzhieva Liudmila A. , Mushaev Vladimir N. , Ubushieva Bamba E. , Lidzhieva Dzhirgal M. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The article deals with lexical means of expressing the category of locativity, the latter to serve a basic concept of space. Descriptions of locative parts of speech in typological works analyzing different languages make it possible to consider lexical semantic groups of locative nouns in Mongolian, Buryat, Oirat and Kalmyk. Goals. So, the study aims at describing lexical semantic groups of locative nouns in the mentioned Mongolic languages. Materials. The work examines various dictionaries of the Mongolic languages, literary and journalistic texts included into the available corpora of the languages. Results. Our insights show that Mongolic nouns may serve as various tools to express locativity meanings. The paper distinguishes a total of four key lexical semantic groups of the considered nouns: 1) types of surface, cardinal points, types of landscape; 2) names of countries, regions, cities, streets, squares; 3) structures, buildings, dwellings; 4) transport. In Mongolic languages, the analyzed vocabulary is represented by a wide range of lexemes. Different use patterns, absence or presence of certain lexemes in the languages under consideration has been noted. Conclusions. Analysis of the identified lexical semantic groups of locative nouns shows a variety of meanings in different combinations, as well as peculiarities of their use in related Mongolic languages. Nouns employed to refer to parts of the world, types of landscape, earth’s surface, countries and cities constitute quite a diverse layer of vocabulary too.
Structural hemodynamic valve deterioration durability of RESILIA-tissue versus contemporary aortic bioprostheses
Authors: Bartus Krzysztof , Bavaria Joseph E , Thourani Vinod H , Xu Ke , Keuffel Eric L 
Published: January 2023

Aim:
Durability of aortic valve replacement is becoming increasingly important. Aortic bioprostheses with RESILIA tissue have demonstrated outstanding outcomes thus far, but only in single-arm studies.
Methods:
We compared structural valve deterioration (SVD)-related hemodynamic valve deterioration (HVD) of grade ≥2 of RESILIA tissue valves from the COMMENCE trial (n = 689) to those from the PARTNER 2A contemporary AVR arm (n = 936) based upon annual core laboratory echocardiograms through 5 years of follow-up.
Results:
SVD-related HVD in the COMMENCE and PARTNER 2A cohorts were 1.8 versus 3.5%, respectively (one-sided 95% lower-bound hazard ratio of 0.92; p = 0.07). In propensity-matched cohorts (n = 239), these outcomes were 1.0 versus 4.8%, respectively (one-sided 95% lower-bound hazard ratio of 1.15; p = 0.03).
Conclusion:
RESILIA tissue-based AVR exhibited reduced SVD-related HVD compared with a contemporary AVR cohort devoid of RESILIA tissue.
Quantifying the relationship between physical activity energy expenditure and incident Type 2 Diabetes: a prospective cohort study of device-measured activity in 90,096 adults
Authors: Strain Tessa , Dempsey Paddy C. , Wijndaele Katrien , Sharp Stephen J. , Kerrison Nicola , Gonzales Tomas , Li Chunxiao , Wheeler Eleanor , Langenberg Claudia , Brage Søren , Wareham Nick 
Published: January 2023

<p> </p>
<p><u>Objective</u></p>
<p>To investigate the association between accelerometer-derived physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a cohort of middle-aged adults and within subgroups.</p>
<p><u>Research Design and Methods</u></p>
<p>Data were from 90,096 UK Biobank participants without prevalent diabetes (mean age 62 years, 57% women) who wore a wrist accelerometer for 7 days. PAEE was derived from wrist acceleration using a population-specific method validated against doubly-labelled water. Logistic regressions were used to assess associations between PAEE, its underlying intensity, and incident T2D, ascertained using hospital episode and mortality data up to November 2020. Models were progressively adjusted for demographic, lifestyle factors, and body mass index (BMI). </p>
<p><u>Results</u></p>
<p>The association between PAEE and T2D was approximately linear (n=2018 events). We observed 19% (95% confidence interval 17-21%) lower odds of T2D per 5 kJ.kg-1.d-1 in PAEE without adjustment for BMI, and 11% (9-13%) with BMI adjustment. The association was stronger in men than women, and weaker in those with obesity and higher genetic susceptibility to obesity. There was no evidence of effect modification by genetic susceptibility to T2D or insulin resistance. For a given level of PAEE, odds of T2D were lower amongst those engaging in more moderate-to-vigorous activity.</p>
<p><u>Conclusions</u></p>
<p>There was a strong linear relationship between PAEE and incident T2D. A difference in PAEE equivalent to an additional daily 20-minute brisk walk was associated with 19% lower odds of T2D. The association was broadly similar across population subgroups, supporting physical activity for diabetes prevention in the whole population. </p>