bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factor models for high‐dimensional functional time series I: Representation results
Authors: Hallin Marc , Nisol Gilles , Tavakoli Shahin 
Published: December 2022

In this article, which consists of two parts (Part I: representation results; Part II: estimation and forecasting methods), we set up the theoretical foundations for a high‐dimensional functional factor model approach in the analysis of large cross‐sections (panels) of functional time series (FTS). In Part I, we establish a representation result stating that, under mild assumptions on the covariance operator of the cross‐section, we can represent each FTS as the sum of a common component driven by scalar factors loaded via functional loadings, and a mildly cross‐correlated idiosyncratic component. Our model and theory are developed in a general Hilbert space setting that allows for mixed panels of functional and scalar time series. We then turn, in Part II, to the identification of the number of factors, and the estimation of the factors, their loadings, and the common components. We provide a family of information criteria for identifying the number of factors, and prove their consistency. We provide average error bounds for the estimators of the factors, loadings, and common components; our results encompass the scalar case, for which they reproduce and extend, under weaker conditions, well‐established similar results. Under slightly stronger assumptions, we also provide uniform bounds for the estimators of factors, loadings, and common components, thus extending existing scalar results. Our consistency results in the asymptotic regime where the number of series and the number of time observations diverge thus extend to the functional context the ‘blessing of dimensionality’ that explains the success of factor models in the analysis of high‐dimensional (scalar) time series. We provide numerical illustrations that corroborate the convergence rates predicted by the theory, and provide a finer understanding of the interplay between   and for estimation purposes. We conclude with an application to forecasting mortality curves, where we demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing methods.
Using principal component analysis to explore co‐variation of vowels
Authors: Wilson Black Joshua , Brand James , Hay Jen , Clark Lynn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology for exploring systematic co‐variation of vowels using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). As a case study, we examine and build on Brand et al.'s (2021) study of systematic co‐variation amongst the monophthongs of New Zealand English (NZE) across speakers born over a 118‐year time period. We present PCA as a methodology, with information aimed at readers who may themselves want to use it in a related context. We consider tests for the appropriateness of PCA, how to select Principal Components, and how to interpret them once they have been found. At each stage, we provide code in the R programing language to enable readers to both follow our analysis and apply the same methods to their own data.
Genetic analysis reveals the putative native range and widespread double‐clonal reproduction in the invasive longhorn crazy ant
Authors: Tseng Shu‐Ping , Darras Hugo , Hsu Po‐Wei , Yoshimura Tsuyoshi , Lee Chow‐Yang , Wetterer James K. , Keller Laurent , Yang Chin‐Cheng Scotty 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClonal reproduction can provide an advantage for invasive species to establish as it can circumvent inbreeding depression which often plagues introduced populations. The world's most widespread invasive ant,Paratrechina longicornis, was previously found to display a double‐clonal reproduction system, whereby both males and queens are produced clonally, resulting in separate male and queen lineages, while workers are produced sexually. Under this unusual reproduction mode, inbreeding is avoided in workers as they carry hybrid interlineage genomes. Despite the ubiquitous distribution ofP. longicornis, the significance of this reproductive system for the ant's remarkable success remains unclear, as its prevalence is still unknown. Further investigation into the controversial native origin ofP. longicornisis also required to reconstruct the evolutionary histories of double‐clonal lineages. Here, we examine genetic variation and characterize the reproduction mode ofP. longicornispopulations sampled worldwide using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequences to infer the ant's putative native range and the distribution of the double‐clonal reproductive system. Analyses of global genetic variations indicate that the Indian subcontinent is a genetic diversity hotspot of this species, suggesting thatP. longicornisprobably originates from this geographical area. Our analyses revealed that both the inferred native and introduced populations exhibit double‐clonal reproduction, with queens and males around the globe belonging to two separate, nonrecombining clonal lineages. By contrast, workers are highly heterozygous because they are first‐generation interlineage hybrids. Overall, these data indicate a worldwide prevalence of double clonality inP. longicornisand support the prediction that the unusual genetic system may have pre‐adapted this ant for global colonization by maintaining heterozygosity in the worker force and alleviating genetic bottlenecks.
Unveiling the identities of null cell tumours: Epigenomics corroborate subtle histological cues in pituitary neuroendocrine tumour/adenoma classification
Authors: Dottermusch Matthias , Schüller Ulrich , Hagel Christian , Saeger Wolfgang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsPituitary neuroendocrine tumour (PitNET)/adenoma classification is based on cell lineage and requires immunopositivity for adenohypophysial hormones and/or transcription factors (TFs) steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), T‐box transcription factor TBX19 (TPIT) or pituitary‐specific positive transcription factor 1 (PIT1). PitNET/adenomas lacking lineage affiliation are termed ‘null cell’ tumours (NCTs). NCT diagnosis may be afflicted by methodological limitations and inconsistent diagnostic approaches. Previous studies have questioned the existence of true NCTs. In this study, we explore the epigenomic identities of PitNET/adenomas lacking clear TF immunopositivity.MethodsSeventy‐four hormone‐negative PitNET/adenomas were immunostained and scored for SF1, TPIT and PIT1 expression. All tumours were classified as gonadotroph, corticotroph, PIT1‐positive or ‘null cell’. NCTs were subjected to global DNA methylation analysis. Epigenomic profiles of NCTs were compared to reference tumours using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) plotting and methylation‐based classification.ResultsTF immunostaining revealed definite lineage identity in 59 of 74 (79.7%) hormone‐negative PitNET/adenomas. Of the remaining 15 NCTs, 13 demonstrated minimal and inconclusive nuclear SF1 or TPIT expression (5 and 8, respectively). Two NCTs were entirely immunonegative. UMAP plotting and methylation‐based classification demonstrated that the epigenomes of NCTs with minimal SF1 or TPIT expression were adequately affiliated with gonadotroph or corticotroph lineages, respectively. The two immunonegative NCTs were located near the corticotroph PitNET/adenomas via UMAP, whereas the methylation classifier could not match these two cases to predefined tumour classes.ConclusionsEpigenomic analyses substantiate lineage identification based on minimal TF immunopositivity in PitNET/adenomas. This strategy dramatically decreases the incidence of NCTs and further challenges the legitimacy of NCTs as a distinct PitNET/adenoma subtype. Our study may be useful for guiding diagnostic efforts and future considerations of PitNET/adenoma classification.
Mechanisms underlying the formation of complex color patterns on Nigella orientalis (Ranunculaceae) petals
Authors: Yuan Yi , Li Xuan , Yao Xu , Fu Xuehao , Cheng Jie , Shan Hongyan , Yin Xiaofeng , Kong Hongzhi 
Published: December 2022

Summary

Complex color patterns on petals are widespread in flowering plants, yet the mechanisms underlying their formation remain largely unclear.

Here, by conducting detailed morphological, anatomical, biochemical, optical, transcriptomic, and functional studies, we investigated the cellular bases, chromogenic substances, reflectance spectra, developmental processes, and underlying mechanisms of complex color pattern formation on Nigella orientalis petals.

We found that the complexity of the N. orientalis petals in color pattern is reflected at multiple levels, with the amount and arrangement of different pigmented cells being the key. We also found that biosynthesis of the chromogenic substances of different colors is sequential, so that one color/pattern is superimposed on another. Expression and functional studies further revealed that a pair of R2R3‐MYB genes function cooperatively to specify the formation of the eyebrow‐like horizontal stripe and the Mohawk haircut‐like splatters. Specifically, while NiorMYB113‐1 functions to draw a large splatter region, NiorMYB113‐2 functions to suppress the production of anthocyanins from the region where a gap will form, thereby forming the highly specialized pattern.

Our results provide a detailed portrait for the spatiotemporal dynamics of the coloration of N. orientalis petals and help better understand the mechanisms underlying complex color pattern formation in plants.
VqWRKY56 interacts with VqbZIPC22 in grapevine to promote proanthocyanidin biosynthesis and increase resistance to powdery mildew
Authors: Wang Ya , Wang Xianhang , Fang Jinghao , Yin Wuchen , Yan Xiaoxiao , Tu Mingxing , Liu Hui , Zhang Zhengda , Li Zhi , Gao Min , Lu Hua , Wang Yuejin , Wang Xiping 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Powdery mildew (PM) is a severe fungal disease of cultivated grapevine world‐wide. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) play an important role in resistance to fungal pathogens; however, little is known about PA‐mediated PM resistance in grapevine.
We identified a WRKY transcription factor, VqWRKY56, from Vitis quinquangularis, the expression of which was significantly induced by PM.
Overexpression (OE) of VqWRKY56 in Vitis vinifera increased PA content and reduced susceptibility to PM. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed more cell death and increased accumulation of salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species. Transient silencing of VqWRKY56 in V. quinquangularis and V. vinifera reduced PA accumulation and increased the susceptibility to PM. VqWRKY56 interacted with VqbZIPC22 in vitro and in planta. The protein VqWRKY56 can bind to VvCHS3, VvLAR1, and VvANR promoters, and VqbZIPC22 can bind to VvANR promoter. Co‐expression of VqWRKY56 and VqbZIPC22 significantly increased the transcript level of VvCHS3, VvLAR1, and VvANR genes. Finally, transient OE of VqbZIPC22 in V. vinifera promoted PA accumulation and improved resistance to PM, while transient silencing in V. quinquangularis had the opposite effect.
Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of PA regulation by VqWRKY56 in grapevine and provides a basis for further metabolic engineering of PA biosynthesis to improve PM resistance.
Nitrogen enrichment and foliar fungal pathogens affect the mechanisms of multispecies plant coexistence
Authors: Granjel Rodrigo R. , Allan Eric , Godoy Oscar 
Published: December 2022

Summary

Changes in resources (e.g. nitrogen) and enemies (e.g. foliar pathogens) are key drivers of plant diversity and composition. However, their effects have not been connected to the niche and fitness differences that determine multispecies coexistence.

Here, we combined a structuralist theoretical approach with a detailed grassland experiment factorially applying nitrogen addition and foliar fungal pathogen suppression to evaluate the joint effect of nitrogen and pathogens on niche and fitness differences, across a gradient from two to six interacting species.

Nitrogen addition and pathogen suppression modified species interaction strengths and intrinsic growth rates, leading to reduced multispecies fitness differences. However, contrary to expected, we also observed that they promote stabilising niche differences. Although these modifications did not substantially alter species richness, they predicted major changes in community composition. Indirect interactions between species explained these community changes in smaller assemblages (three and four species) but lost importance in favour of direct pairwise interactions when more species were involved (five and six).

Altogether, our work shows that explicitly considering the number of interacting species is critical for better understanding the direct and indirect processes by which nitrogen enrichment and pathogen communities shape coexistence in grasslands.
Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter related mortality trends in the US population 2010–2020: Regional, racial, sex variations
Authors: Ghajar Alireza , Essa Mohammed , DeLago Augustin , Parvez Arshi , Aryan Zahra , Shalhoub Joseph , Hammond‐Haley Matthew , Hartley Adam , Sargsyan Vahe , Salciccioli Justin , Faridi Kamil F. , Nazarian Saman , Philips Binu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere is an evolving need to evaluate atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFL) mortality trends across races, sexes, geographic regions and urbanization statuses to better understand management inequalities.MethodsThis observational study utilized the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) database. Mortality rates due to AF/AFL as underlying and contributing causes of death between 2010 and 2020 were investigated. Mortality trends due to AF/AFL as contributing causes of death for different races, sexes, census regions and urbanization statuses were analyzed using annual percentage change (APC), and Joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsMortality from AF/AFL as the underlying cause was increasing across the US until 2016 (APC 4.8%), followed by a plateau 2016–2020 (APC 0.0 %). Conversely, the mortality rate due to AF/AFL as a contributing cause increases 2010–2020 (APC 3.3%). The mortality rate in both sexes significantly increased in almost all groups, with the largest increase seen in Non‐Hispanic Black males. Rural areas had a higher mortality rate (36.9 and 22.9 per 100,000 for males and females in 2020, respectively) and higher slope of increase than urban areas in total US population. Non‐Hispanic White people had greater mortality than Non‐Hispanic Black people; however, Non‐Hispanic Black mortality rates are increasing at a faster rate in urban areas.ConclusionAF/AFL as the underlying cause of death has plateaued from 2016 across the US 2010–2020; whilst AF/AFL as contributing cause of death is increasing. Significant discrepancies in mortality rates are identified between races and urbanization status.
Pre‐implementation formative evaluation of cooperative pain education and self‐management expanding treatment for real‐world access: A pragmatic pain trial
Authors: Mattocks Kristin M. , LaChappelle Kathryn M. , Krein Sarah L. , DeBar Lynn L. , Martino Steve , Edmond Sara , Ankawi Brett , MacLean R. Ross , Higgins Diana M. , Murphy Jennifer L. , Cooper Emily , Heapy Alicia A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveCognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain (CBT‐CP) is an evidence‐based treatment for improving functioning and pain intensity for people with chronic pain with extensive evidence of effectiveness. However, there has been relatively little investigation of the factors associated with successful implementation and uptake of CBT‐CP, particularly clinician and system level factors. This formative evaluation examined barriers and facilitators to the successful implementation and uptake of CBT‐CP from the perspective of CBT‐CP clinicians and referring primary care clinicians.MethodsQualitative interviews guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research were conducted at nine geographically diverse Veterans Affairs sites as part of a pragmatic clinical trial comparing synchronous, clinician‐delivered CBT‐CP and remotely delivered, technology‐assisted CBT‐CP. Analysis was informed by a grounded theory approach.ResultsTwenty‐six clinicians (CBT‐CP clinicians = 17, primary care clinicians = 9) from nine VA medical centers participated in individual qualitative interviews conducted by telephone from April 2019 to August 2020. Four themes emerged in the qualitative interviews: (1) the complexity and variability of referral pathways across sites, (2) referring clinician's lack of knowledge about CBT‐CP, (3) referring clinician's difficulty identifying suitable candidates for CBT‐CP, and (4) preference for interventions that can be completed from home.ConclusionsThis formative evaluation identified clinician and system barriers to widespread implementation of CBT‐CP and allowed for refinement of the subsequent implementation of two forms of CBT‐CP in an ongoing pragmatic trial. Identification of relative difference in barriers and facilitators in the two forms of CBT‐CP may emerge more clearly in a pragmatic trial that evaluates how treatments perform in real‐world settings and may provide important information to guide future system‐wide implementation efforts.
Although in shortage, nursing workforce is still a significant contributor to life expectancy at birth
Authors: You Wenpeng , Donnelly Frank 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have not fully reported the strength and independency of the correlation of nursing workforce to life expectancy. This study advances that nursing workforce is a major independent contributor to life expectancy at birth (LEB) globally and regionally.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted at population level.SampleEcological data were extracted from the United Nations agencies for 215 populations. Each population is considered a research subject.MeasurementsThe correlation between nursing workforce and LEB was analyzed with scatter plots, bivariate correlation, partial correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses, Analysis of Variance post hoc and independent T‐test. Economic affluence, urban lifestyle and obesity were included as the potential confounders in this study.InterventionNot applicableResultsNursing workforce correlated to LEB and this relationship remained regardless of the competition of economic affluence, urbanization, and obesity. Second to economic affluence, nursing workforce showed the greatest influence on LEB. In total, 64.50% of LEB was explained in this study. Nursing workforce was a determinant of regional variations of LEB.ConclusionsNursing workforce may be a significant contributor to LEB globally and regionally. This contribution was independent of the potential confounding effects of economic affluence, urbanization, and obesity.
Protecting the marine environment from the impacts of climate change: A regime interaction study
Authors: Klerk Bastiaan Ewoud 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs the oceans are heavily impacted by climate change, effective regulatory responses are needed to mitigate, as well as to adapt to, these adverse effects. Problematically, however, neither the international climate change regime nor the international law of the sea specifically addresses the adverse effects of climate change on the oceans. This article analyses the interactions between these regimes, seeking to illuminate how Part XII of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the protection and preservation of the marine environment ought to be interpreted in light of the Paris Agreement. As such, the limits of UNCLOS' capacity to grow and evolve as a ‘living instrument’ are explored. The article finds that the standard of conduct set by Part XII is informed by the Paris Agreement and the due diligence obligation that flows from it, which functions as a minimum threshold. States are, additionally, required to take measures that are specifically designed to protect the marine environment from the adverse effects of climate change and pollution from carbon dioxide.
Stratigraphic evolution of a spectacularly exposed turbidite channel belt from the Tachrift System (late Tortonian, north‐East Morocco)
Authors: Reguzzi Simone , Marini Mattia , Felletti Fabrizio , El Kati Imad , Zuffetti Chiara , Tabyaoui Hassan 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe sedimentary architecture of channelized turbidites can be highly complex as it reflects the response of submarine channels to several interplaying factors. Although intensively investigated through seismic imaging, turbidite channel fills are not convincingly calibrated for sedimentary facies at a sub‐seismic scale. This contribution addresses the sedimentary architecture and the controls on the evolution of a ca 20 m thick channel‐levee complex of the Tachrift turbidite subunit (Upper Miocene, the Melloulou Formation), which accumulated along the southern slope of the Neogene Taza‐Guercif Basin (Rifian Corridor of north‐east Morocco). Facies and architectural analyses indicate that the studied channel‐levee complex is the result of three‐fold evolution. From base to top, it is comprised of: (i) a ca 7 m thick lower mud‐prone interval containing relatively small and vertically stacked channel fills with poorly developed muddy levees; (ii) a ca 4 m thick and >1 km wide sandstone‐rich middle interval made of lateral accretion packages that become progressively less amalgamated and fine‐grained and is overlain by ca 5 m of thin‐bedded mud‐rich turbidites intercalated with hemiplegic marlstones; and (iii) an up to ca 9 m thick upper interval constituted by aggradational channel fills with well‐developed levees and variously directed lateral accretion packages. This organization suggests that, following a phase of inception (lower interval), the channel underwent extensive meandering with very minor vertical aggradation, prior to being blanketed by ‘retrogressive’ muddy lobes (middle interval) during a phase of reduced sediment input. In turn, the uppermost interval records a late phase of channel re‐establishment and aggradation that likely terminated as a result of up‐dip avulsion. It is suggested that the observed change of architectural style reflected the feedback of changing sediment input, slope equilibrium profile and channel morphodynamics.
Challenges in the conceptualization of trait self‐control as a psychological construct
Authors: Wennerhold Lasse , Friese Malte 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSelf‐control is widely believed to be a valuable characteristic that contributes to leading a healthy, happy, and successful life through the effective pursuit of long‐term goals. Yet, despite a prolific literature spanning decades, essential questions about the conceptual nature of trait self‐control remain unanswered. Substantially different perspectives on the theoretical nature of (trait) self‐control coexist side by side. We briefly review prominent views informing what trait self‐control as a psychological construct is. On this basis, we identify four conceptual challenges that we think the field should address moving forward: (a) integrating theoretical notions, (b) addressing variability in individual goals, (c) acknowledging variability in dominant responses, and (d) anchoring trait self‐control in a nomological network. We highlight why addressing these challenges is crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of trait self‐control. We also suggest how theoretical conceptualizations of trait self‐control might do so and the implications this would bear for measurement and interventions.