bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Heart Transplant Allocation Changes on Waitlist Mortality and Clinical Practice in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wooster Luke , O’Connor Matthew J. , Zhang Xuemei , Mavroudis Constantine D. , Maeda Katsuhide , Ahmed Humera , Edwards Jonathan , Lin Kimberly Y. , Wittlieb-Weber Carol , Rossano Joseph , Edelson Jonathan B. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
The United Network of Organ Sharing made changes to the priority for allocation of hearts for transplantation (HT) in 2016 for pediatric patients and 2018 for adult patients. Although recent work has evaluated the impact of the revised allocation systems on mechanical circulatory support practices and waitlist outcomes, there are limited data that focus more specifically on the impact of the allocation changes on patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) or cardiomyopathy and how these relationships might differ in pediatric and adult patients.

METHODS:
The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for pediatric (<18 years of age) and adult (18–50 years of age) patients with a CHD or cardiomyopathy diagnosis listed for HT. Cohorts were grouped into preallocation and postallocation change eras: pediatric patients from January 1, 2011, to March 21, 2016, and January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021; and adult patients from January 1, 2015, to October 17, 2018, and January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Differences in era for survival or waitlist removal because of clinical deterioration from the time of HT listing were compared using competing risk models.

RESULTS:

We identified 11 637 patients listed for HT during the study period, including 2882 pediatric patients with CHD, 594 adults with CHD, 2348 pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy, and 5813 adults with cardiomyopathy. In a competing risk model adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, allocation changes were significantly associated with lower death or waitlist removal within 1 year of HT listing in infants with CHD (HR, 0.75 [0.57–0.99];
P
=0.04), children with CHD (HR, 0.61 [0.43–0.86];
P
=0.005), and adults with cardiomyopathy (HR, 0.60 [0.44–0.81];
P
=0.001), but not in infants with cardiomyopathy, children with cardiomyopathy, or adults with CHD.

CONCLUSIONS:
The recent allocation changes of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network associations with waitlist duration and outcome were not uniform across pediatric and adult cohorts with CHD or those with cardiomyopathy. Children with cardiomyopathy and adults with CHD did not experience the mortality benefits experienced by adults with cardiomyopathy and children with CHD. Future iterations of the allocation systems should consider differential access to mechanical circulatory support options for children and adults, patient sensitization status, and whether having separate systems for adults and children is the most appropriate method to allocate organs.
Distinguishing Neural Correlates of Prediction Errors on Perceptual Content and Detection of Content
Authors: Dijkstra Nadine , Warrington Oliver , Kok Peter , Fleming Stephen M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accounting for why discrimination between different perceptual contents is not always accompanied conscious detection of that content remains a challenge for predictive processing theories of perception. Here, we test a hypothesis that detection is supported by a distinct inference within generative models of perceptual content. We develop a novel visual perception paradigm that probes such inferences by manipulating both expectations about stimulus content (stimulus identity) and detection of content (stimulus presence). In line with model simulations, we show that both content and detection expectations influence RTs on a categorization task. By combining a no-report version of our task with functional neuroimaging, we reveal that violations of expectations (prediction errors [PEs]) about perceptual content and detection are supported by posterior and pFC in qualitatively different ways: Within posterior sensory cortex, activity patterns diverge only on trials with a content PE, but within these trials, further divergence is seen for detection PEs. In contrast, within pFC, activity patterns diverge only on trials with a detection PE, but within these trials, further divergence is seen for content PEs. These results suggest rich encoding of both content and detection PEs and highlight a distributed neural basis for inference on content and detection of content in the human brain.
Infinite Mixture Chaining: An Efficiency-Based Framework for the Dynamic Construction of Word Meaning
Authors: Yu Lei , Xu Yang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The lexicon is an evolving symbolic system that expresses an unbounded set of emerging meanings with a limited vocabulary. As a result, words often extend to new meanings. Decades of research have suggested that word meaning extension is non-arbitrary, and recent work formalizes this process as cognitive models of semantic chaining whereby emerging meanings link to existing ones that are semantically close. Existing approaches have typically focused on a dichotomous formulation of chaining, couched in the exemplar or prototype theories of categorization. However, these accounts yield either memory-intensive or simplistic representations of meaning, while evidence for them is mixed. We propose a unified probabilistic framework, infinite mixture chaining, that derives different forms of chaining through the lens of cognitive efficiency. This framework subsumes the existing chaining models as a trade-off between representational accuracy and memory complexity, and it contributes a flexible class of models that supports the dynamic construction of word meaning by automatically forming semantic clusters informed by existing and novel usages. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework in reconstructing the historical development of the lexicon across multiple word classes and in different languages, and we also show that it correlates with human judgment of semantic change. Our study offers an efficiency-based view on the cognitive mechanisms of word meaning extension in the evolution of the lexicon.
Platonic Asceticism in Philo of Alexandria’s Contemplative Practice
Authors: Mackie Scott D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Though Philo of Alexandria’s ascetic beliefs and practices often have been noted, a focused assessment of the Platonic influences on his contemplative asceticism has yet to be offered. While addressing that shortcoming, this essay identifies a number of key Platonic themes. Like Plato’s Socrates, Philo is capable of expressing a range of opinions concerning embodied existence and the roles of body and soul in noetic contemplation. Though generally pursuing a path of moderation, the rigorous demands of noetic contemplation necessarily call for extreme and austere praxes, as well as vigorous effort. Philo’s belief that the suppression of the bodily senses affords the expression of the spiritual senses also is Platonic in origin, as is his oft-stated conviction that the contemplative’s diminished desire for bodily pleasure is a natural consequence of a more powerful, innate attraction to the Forms and the noetic realm. A final and perhaps most important Socratic influence is detected in the esoteric meditative techniques Philo uses to effect the out-of-body experiences that afford mystical contemplation.
The therapeutic effect of different exercises on premenstrual syndrome (PMS): a systematic review
Authors: Ahmadi F. , M. Khaleghi M. , Zar A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) presents significant challenges for girls and women, affecting their physiological well-being. Engaging in physical activity and sports is a cost-effective and viable treatment for PMS symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review various studies and evaluate the effects of different sports on PMS. A systematic search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The search was performed in databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, from 2010 to March 2024. Among the 1,009 articles initially identified, only 20 RCTs met the inclusion criteria of this study. The findings revealed that various forms of aerobic exercise, stretching, yoga, swimming, combined exercise, pelvic rocking exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) spinning bike exercises were effective in alleviating PMS-associated symptoms. These improvements encompassed mental and physical symptoms, Premenstrual Syndrome Questionnaire (PMSQ) scores, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score parameters, weight loss, heart rate, blood pressure, depression, mental disorders, mood, emotions, pain, and sleep quality. Despite the limitations of each study, the findings indicate that engaging in various forms of physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, and yoga, may alleviate both the physical and mental symptoms associated with PMS. However, further research is necessary to investigate additional dimensions of these effects.
Storm Size Modulates Tropical Cyclone Intensification through an Oceanic Pathway in Global Oceans
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Guan Shoude , Lin I.-I. , Zhao Wei , Jin Fei-Fei , Liu Ping , Tian Jiwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Typical tropical cyclone (TC) attributes, including translation speed and intensity, have been demonstrated to affect TC intensification via modulating sea surface temperature (SST) cooling effect underneath TCs, while the effect of storm size is relatively less explored. Using satellite-observed SST during 2004–21, we examine the effect of storm size on TC-induced SST anomalies (SSTAs) and TC intensification in global TC-active oceans (including the western North Pacific, eastern North Pacific, North Atlantic, southern Indian Ocean, and southern Pacific) and compare their interbasin differences. In all basins, SSTAs have the strongest correlation with 34-kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1) wind radius (R34), which is thus utilized as the representative storm size among various TC wind radii. Globally, large TCs induce stronger and more widespread SSTAs, which reduce ocean’s enthalpy flux supply and thus suppress TC intensification, as compared to small TCs. This modulating effect emerges in each basin, suggesting a globally consistent effect of storm size on TC intensification through an oceanic pathway. Small TCs, occupying weaker SST cooling and larger enthalpy flux, are more likely to undergo rapid intensification, with the probability of 1.1–1.8 times larger than large TCs in global TC-active oceans. Storm size varies greatly across global basins, and thus its effect on TC intensification through this oceanic pathway exhibits considerable interbasin differences. The interbasin difference in storm size partly contributes to the interbasin difference in SSTA under same TC intensity. Our results suggest that accurately representing storm size in TC coupled models can potentially improve cooling estimation and TC intensity prediction.

Significance Statement
Storm size is an important parameter which characterizes tropical cyclone (TC) wind structure. Existing studies report that storm size influences TC intensification from an atmospheric perspective via modulating vortex dynamics. By examining global TCs, here we propose an explanation from the oceanic perspective: large TCs tend to induce stronger SST cooling, reducing enthalpy supply and suppressing TC intensification compared to small TCs. Consequently, small TCs are more likely to undergo rapid intensification—an extremely TC-intensifying event. Despite interbasin differences, the modulating effect of storm size via this oceanic pathway is universal over global TC-active basins. Therefore, precisely characterizing storm size and this oceanic pathway are essential for evaluating ocean’s energy to TCs and forecasting rapid intensification event and TC intensity.
Socioeconomic Deprivation and Risk of Operative Mortality After Emergency Laparotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ambler Olivia , Hajibandeh Shahin , Hajibandeh Shahab 
Published: January 2025

Aims The aim was to determine the effect of socioeconomic deprivation on operative mortality after emergency laparotomy. Methods A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis (random-effects modeling) was performed searching for studies comparing operative mortality between the least and the most socioeconomically deprived patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Both unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio (OR) were calculated as summary measure. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE system. Results Four studies comprising 87,690 patients were included. There was no difference in the risk of operative mortality between the most and least deprived groups (unadjusted OR: 1.57, 95% CI .92, 2.68, P = .100) and when adjusted for other predictors (adjusted OR: 1.11, 95% CI .93, 1.32, P = .230). Subgroup analysis showed consistency of the findings in the United Kingdom (unadjusted OR: 1.36, 95% CI .92, 2.01, P = .130; adjusted OR: 1.15, 95% CI .92, 1.43, P = .230) and in the United States (unadjusted OR: 1.75, 95% CI .75, 4.06, P = .190; adjusted OR: 1.01, 95% CI .79, 1.29, P = .940). Sensitivity analyses showed inconsistency in favor of higher mortality risk in the most deprived patients. The GRADE certainty was moderate. Conclusions Socioeconomic deprivation may have minor effect on operative mortality after emergency laparotomy; however, such effect fades away once adjusted for other predictors of mortality. Although independent research is required, it may be reasonable to predict that incorporation of socioeconomic deprivation into preoperative risk assessment tools may not improve their predictive performance.
Guidance for successful healthcare transformation: A systematic review of change management practices and outcomes
Authors: Hastings Bradley J 
Published: January 2025

The increasing pace of healthcare transformation places emphasis on how to enact it. However, there is a difference between healthcare commentators and policymakers regarding preferred change management practice; policy guidance is rooted in diagnostic practices, whereas commentators suggest that dialogic is a more appropriate practice for ensuring success. What is missing from this debate is evidence to inform whether commentators’ suggestions will increase the likelihood of successful transformation outcomes. This study presents a systematic review of change management practices and outcomes, identifying 10 papers that report on 292 cases of transformation. It finds broad support that dialogic increases the likelihood of successful transformation, providing supporting evidence for updating healthcare policy and practice. JEL Classification: I18
Defining the typical characteristics of orthostatic headache in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension
Authors: Mehta Dwij , Cheema Sanjay , Glover Sophie , Qureshi Ayman M. , Davagnanam Indran , Kamourieh Salwa , Sayal Parag , Toma Ahmed , Lagrata Susie , Joy Clare , Duncan Callum , Anderson Jane , Davies Brendan , Dorman Paul J. , Angus-Leppan Heather , Walkden James , Rohrer Jonathan , Matharu Manjit S. 
Published: January 2025

Background Orthostatic headache (OH) is a common feature of various conditions, including spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), but no precise definition currently exists outlining the typical OH characteristics. This ambiguity risks misdiagnosis with unnecessary investigations and delay in institution of treatment. The present study aimed to carry out structured phenotyping of OH in patients with SIH with the aim of outlining its typical characteristics. Methods Eligible patients with clinico-radiological confirmed SIH underwent a structured interview, after which a specialist interest group utilised the modified Delphi process to analyse the data and achieve consensus on defining the typical characteristics of OH in SIH. Results In total, 137 patients were recruited. OH was present in 75.9%. Typical OH characteristics in SIH were defined as having a baseline severity (lying flat) on waking up of ≤3 (0–10, verbal response scale), headache onset-time of ≤4.5 h on becoming upright, time to peak severity of ≤7.5 h and an offset to baseline severity within 1.5 h of recumbency. Intra-individual consistency in the onset and offset-time was deemed a necessary characteristic. Conclusions Defining typical OH characteristics has the potential of enhancing SIH diagnostics and management, at the same time as minimising unwarranted invasive procedures.
Healthcare costs of systemic lupus erythematosus in New Zealand
Authors: Lao Chunhuan , Dantzig Philippa van , Tugnet Nicola , Lawrenson Ross , White Douglas 
Published: January 2025

Objectives This study aims to estimate the annual medical costs of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in New Zealand (NZ). Methods SLE patients were linked to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Pharmaceutical Collection, National Minimum Dataset, National Non-Admitted Patients Collection and Mortality Collection. National direct medical costs of SLE in 2006-2021 and annual costs per patient were estimated. Generalized linear model was used to examine the impact of various factors on medical costs, including ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic status and presence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Results The annual national costs of SLE were stable over time, around NZ$12 million. The average costs were NZ$8,324 (US$5,277, €5,011) per patient per year, with the costs for patients with ESKD being nine times higher than patients without ESKD (NZ$47,143 vs NZ$5,091). The costs per patient for Māori and Pacific were both around twice the costs for European/Others (NZ$13,124 and NZ$11,842 vs NZ$6,153), but the difference attenuated after adjustment for ESKD and other factors. Among patients without ESKD, Asian, males and patients living in the most deprived areas were associated with higher costs. For patients with ESKD, Māori and patients living in the most deprived areas had higher costs. Conclusions The annual national costs of SLE were stable over time. The increase in pharmaceutical costs were offset by decrease in hospitalisation costs. Costs for patients with ESKD were nine times higher than costs for patients without ESKD. Interventions for slowing the disease progression and preventing ESKD can reduce medical costs.
Risk factors of osteoporotic vertebral fracture cascade and the relationship between blood glucose control and fracture occurrence
Authors: Fan Yuyu , Qiao Junjie , Ding Lixiang , Song Hongxing , Hou Yu , Yi Meng , Fang Xiutong 
Published: January 2025

Background As the world's population ages, osteoporotic fractures have become a growing medical, social and economic problem. Objective Vertebral fractures (VFs) are the most common osteoporotic fractures and are a strong risk factor for subsequent VFs, leading to VF cascade (VFC). This study aimed to identify potential causes of and risk factors for VFC. At the same time, the factors influencing the time between fractures in patients with osteoporotic VFC were examined. Methods We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 889 patients diagnosed with osteoporotic vertebral fracture at Beijing Shijitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022. Results The study included 193 patients with VFC. The multifactorial risk analysis showed that the independent risk factors for VFC included a history of diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio, 1.635; p value = 0.016), a history of oral corticosteroid therapy (hazard ratio, 1.798; p value = 0.001), chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD, hazard ratio 1.666, p value = 0.036), thoracolumbar fracture (hazard ratio, 2.664, p value <0.001), and a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 (hazard ratio 1.421; p value = 0.045). Further study showed that glycated haemoglobin was also an important factor affecting the interval between fractures in patients with VFC. Conclusion Independent risk factors for VFC include a history of diabetes, prior oral corticosteroid therapy, COPD, thoracolumbar fracture, and BMI ≥ 28. The occurrence of fractures in the thoracolumbar segment is the most important risk factor. Additional research has shown that after the first vertebral fracture, the poorer the patient's blood sugar control, the faster the refracture rate.
Identifying Components of an Enhanced Recovery Pathway for Primary Cleft Palate Repair: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gaule Richard , Jeger Jonathan , Nakhjavani Solmaz , Doyle Yvonne , Ryan Muireann , Gunn Jane , de Blacam Catherine 
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aims to map the existing sources of evidence on perioperative care and recovery strategies for primary cleft palate repair, to identify elements that should be included in an enhanced recovery pathway (ERP), and to identify gaps in current knowledge. Design Scoping review. Setting ERPs are evidence-based, patient-centered, multimodal, perioperative care pathways designed to reduce surgical stress and improve postoperative outcomes and are increasingly being reported in the cleft lip and palate literature. Interventions PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched. Results were uploaded to Covidence systematic review software. Studies were included for analysis if they described strategies or elements for enhanced recovery following primary cleft palate repair. Main Outcome Measures ERP elements and outcome measures were recorded and collated. Results Forty-seven studies were included. Frequently reported topics included anesthesia, peri-operative analgesia, and parent education. There was a dearth of evidence about peri-operative nursing care. Based on the extracted data, we propose that the following elements be included in any ERP for primary cleft palate repair: preoperative parent/caregiver education; minimization of preoperative fasting time; preoperative analgesia; local anesthetic nerve blocks; perioperative antibiotics and ondansetron; postoperative non-opioid analgesia; early postoperative oral feeding and discharge planning. Conclusions The findings provide the framework to develop an institutional ERP for primary cleft palate repair. The positive contribution of consistent nursing care to enhanced recovery is obvious but under-investigated in the literature to date. The impact of ERPs on parent-reported outcomes also warrants further investigation.