bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study Measuring Resident/Faculty Contour Concordance: A Potential Tool for Quantitative Assessment of Residents’ Performance in Contouring and Target Delineation
Authors: Nissen Caleb , Ying Jun , Kalantari Faraz , Patel Mausam , Prabhu Arpan V. , Kesaria Anam , Kim Thomas , Maraboyina Sanjay , Harrell Leslie , Xia Fen , Lewis Gary D. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTPurpose/Objective(s)Accurate target delineation/contouring is essential for radiation treatment planning and radiotherapy efficacy. As a result, improving the quality of target delineation is an important goal in the education of radiation oncology residents. The purpose of this study was to track the concordance of radiation oncology residents’ contours with faculty physicians’ contours over the course of one year to assess for patterns.Materials/MethodsResidents in PGY levels of 2-4 were asked to contour target volumes which were compared to the finalized, faculty physician-approved contours. Concordance between resident and faculty physician contours was determined by calculating the Jaccard Concordance Index (JCI), ranging from 0 or no agreement to 1 or complete agreement. Mutivariate mixed effect models were used to assess the association of JCI to the fixed effect of PGY level and its interactions with cancer type and other baseline characteristics. Post hoc means of JCI were compared between PGY levels after accounting for multiple comparisons using a Tukey’s method.ResultsIn total, 958 structures from 314 patients collected during the 2020-2021 academic year were studied. The mean JCI was 0.77, 0.75, and 0.61 for the levels of PGY-4, PGY-3, and PGY-2, respectively. JCI score in PGY-2 was found lower than those of PGY-3 and PGY-4 respectively (P’s<0.001). No statistically significant difference of JCI score was found when comparing between PGY-3 and PGY-4 levels. The average JCI score was lowest (0.51) for primary head/neck cancers and highest (0.80) for gynecologic cancers.ConclusionTracking and comparing the concordance of resident contours and faculty physician contours is an intriguing method of assessing resident performance in contouring and target delineation and could potentially serve as a quantitative metric in radiation oncology resident evaluation, which is lacking currently. However, additional study is necessary before this technique can be incorporated into residency assessments.
Prediction of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Hospitalization in Hemodialysis
Authors: Larkin John W. , Lama Suman , Chaudhuri Sheetal , Willetts Joanna , Winter Anke C. , Jiao Yue , Stauss-Grabo Manuela , Usvyat Len A. , Hymes Jeffrey L. , Maddux Franklin W. , Wheeler David C. , Stenvinkel Peter , Floege Jürgen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a clinical challenge in kidney failure. The INSPIRE group assessed if machine learning could assist with determining a hemodialysis (HD) patient’s 180-day GIB hospitalization risk. Model was developed using adult HD patient data from United States (2017-2020). Patient data was randomly split (50% training, 30% validation, and 20% testing). HD treatments ≤ 180 days before GIB hospitalization were classified as positive observations, and others were negative observations. Datasets were randomly sampled to build an XGBoost model that considered 386 exposures initially and was refined to the top 50 exposures. Unseen testing dataset was used to determine final model performance. Incidence of 180-day GIB hospitalization was 1.18% in the HD population (n=451,579), and 1.16% among patients in the testing dataset (n=27,991). Model showed an area under the curve=0.69, sensitivity=57.9%, specificity=68.9%, accuracy=68.8% and balanced accuracy=63.4%. Exposures with largest effect size per Shapley values were older age (group mean GIB event=68.2 years vs no GIB event=63.4 years), shorter days since last all-cause hospital admission (group mean GIB event=203.2 days vs no GIB event=253.2 days), and higher serum 25-hydroxy (OH) vitamin D levels from most recent lab (group mean GIB event=33.4 ng/mL vs no GIB event=30.5 ng/mL). Other important predictors included lower hemoglobin and iron indices, longer dialysis vintage, and proton pump inhibitor use. Model appears suitable for early detection of GIB event risk in HD, yet prospective testing is needed. The association between higher 25OH vitamin D and GIB events was unexpected and warrants investigation.
X-Chromosome Association Study in Latin American Cohorts Identifies New Loci in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Leal Thiago P , French-Kwawu Jennifer N , Gouveia Mateus H , Borda Victor , Inca-Martinez Miguel , Mason Emily A , Horimoto Andrea RVR , Loesch Douglas P , Sarihan Elif I , Cornejo-Olivas Mario R , Torres Luis E , Mazzetti-Soler Pilar E , Cosentino Carlos , Sarapura-Castro Elison H , Rivera-Valdivia Andrea , Medina Angel C , Dieguez Elena M , Raggio Víctor E , Lescano Andrés , Tumas Vitor , Borges Vanderci , Ferraz Henrique B , Rieder Carlos R , Schumacher-Schuh Artur , Santos-Lobato Bruno L , Velez-Pardo Carlos , Jimenez-Del-Rio Marlene , Lopera Francisco , Moreno Sonia , Chana-Cuevas Pedro , Fernandez William , Arboleda Gonzalo , Arboleda Humberto , Arboleda Bustos Carlos E , Yearout Dora , Lima-Costa Maria F , Tarazona Eduardo , Zabetian Cyrus , Thornton Timothy A , O’Connor Timothy D , Mata Ignacio F 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSex differences in Parkinson Disease (PD) risk are well-known. However, it is still unclear the role of sex chromosomes in the development and progression of PD. We performed the first X-chromosome Wide Association Study (XWAS) for PD risk in Latin American individuals. We used data from three admixed cohorts: (i) Latin American Research consortium on the GEnetics of Parkinson’s Disease (n=1,504) as discover cohort and (ii) Latino cohort from International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (n = 155) and (iii) Bambui Aging cohort (n= 1,442) as replication cohorts. After developing a X-chromosome framework specifically designed for admixed populations, we identified eight linkage disequilibrium regions associated with PD. We fully replicated one of these regions (top variant rs525496; discovery OR [95%CI]: 0.60 [0.478 - 0.77], p = 3.13 ×10-5; replication OR: 0.60 [0.37-0.98], p = 0.04). rs525496 is an expression quantitative trait loci for several genes expressed in brain tissues, includingRAB9B, H2BFM, TSMB15BandGLRA4. We also replicated a previous XWAS finding (rs28602900), showing that this variant is associated with PD in non-European populations. Our results reinforce the importance of including X-chromosome and diverse populations in genetic studies.
Design and feasibility of an Alzheimer’s disease blood test study in a diverse community-based population
Authors: Li Melody , Li Yan , Schindler Suzanne E. , Yen Daniel , Sutcliffe Siobhan , Babulal Ganesh M. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Lenze Eric J. , Bateman Randall J. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer’s disease (AD) blood tests are likely to become increasingly important in clinical practice, but need to be evaluated in diverse groups before use in the general population.METHODSThis study enrolled a community-based sample of older adults in the Saint Louis, Missouri, USA area. Participants completed a blood draw, AD8® dementia screening interview, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and survey about their perceptions of the blood test. A subset of participants completed additional blood collection, amyloid PET, MRI, and Clinical Dementia Rating® (CDR).RESULTSOf the 859 participants enrolled in this ongoing study, 20.6% self-identified as Black or African American. The AD8 and MoCA correlated moderately with the CDR. The blood test was well-accepted by the cohort, but perceived more positively by White and highly educated individuals.DISCUSSIONStudying an AD blood test in a diverse population is feasible, and may accelerate accurate diagnosis and implementation of effective treatments.
Immunogenicity of the BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 SARS-CoV-2 Bivalent Boosts: Preliminary Results from the COVAIL Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Branche Angela R. , Rouphael Nadine G. , Losada Cecilia , Baden Lindsey R. , Anderson Evan J. , Luetkemeyer Anne F. , Diemert David J. , Winokur Patricia L. , Presti Rachel M. , Kottkamp Angelica C. , Falsey Ann R. , Frey Sharon E. , Rupp Richard , Bäcker Martín , Novak Richard M. , Walter Emmanuel B. , Jackson Lisa A. , Little Susan J. , Immergluck Lilly C. , Mahgoub Siham M. , Whitaker Jennifer A. , Babu Tara M. , Goepfert Paul A. , Fusco Dahlene N. , Atmar Robert L. , Posavad Christine M. , Netzl Antonia , Smith Derek J. , Telu Kalyani , Mu Jinjian , Makowski Mat , Makhene Mamodikoe K. , Crandon Sonja , Montefiori David C. , Roberts Paul C. , Beigel John H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn a randomized clinical trial, we compare early neutralizing antibody responses after boosting with bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines based on either BA.1 or BA.4/BA.5 Omicron spike protein combined with wildtype spike. Responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibited the greatest reduction in titers against currently circulating Omicron subvariants for both bivalent vaccines.
Cross-ancestry genetic architecture and prediction for cholesterol traits
Authors: Momin Md. Moksedul , Zhou Xuan , Hyppönen Elina , Benyamin Beben , Lee S. Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile cholesterol is essential for human life, a high level of cholesterol is closely linked with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been successful to identify genetic variants associated with cholesterol, which have been conducted mostly in white European populations. Consequently, it remains mostly unknown how genetic effects on cholesterol vary across ancestries. Here, we estimate cross-ancestry genetic correlation to address questions on how genetic effects are shared across ancestries for cholesterol. We find significant genetic heterogeneity between ancestries for total- and LDL-cholesterol. Furthermore, we show that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which have concordant effects across ancestries for cholesterol, are more frequently found in the regulatory region, compared to the other genomic regions. Indeed, the positive genetic covariance between ancestries is mostly driven by the effects of the concordant SNPs, whereas the genetic heterogeneity is attributed to the discordant SNPs. We also show that the predictive ability of the concordant SNPs is significantly higher than the discordant SNPs in the cross-ancestry polygenic prediction. The list of concordant SNPs for cholesterol is available in GWAS Catalog (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gwas/; details are in web resources section). These findings have relevance for the understanding of shared genetic architecture across ancestries, contributing to the development of clinical strategies for polygenic prediction of cholesterol in cross-ancestral settings
BioDecoder: A miRNA Bio-interpretable Neural Network Model for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Lei , Lin Weili , Cao Suqi , Yang Liu , Gao Sheng , Jiao Na , Zhu Lixin , Zhu Ruixin , Wu Dingfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarly diagnosis of breast cancer remains a major clinical challenge. Liquid biopsy has become a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis by the aid of various the state-of-the-art detection technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Although the prediction performance is superior, the clinical application of existing AI models is greatly limited due to their poor interpretability. Here, we designed a miRNA-Gene-Module-Pathway-Disease biological decoding path, and developed BioDecoder thereof, a miRNA bio-interpretable neural network model for breast cancer early diagnosis. We demonstrated that BioDecoder could achieve early non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer with a remarkable performance (AUC = 0.989) and showed strong generalizability in an external cohort (AUC = 0.890). Meanwhile, the biologically interpretable results of BioDecoder revealed that significant changes in metabolic pathway and oxidative phosphorylation were the main action pathways of circulating miRNA in breast cancer. Our study indicates that BioDecoder offers the promise of non-invasive early diagnosis of breast cancer and can be generalized to other cancers and corresponding biomarkers.
Artificial Intelligence based breast thermography using radiomic feature extraction versus conventional manual interpretation of breast thermograms in the prediction of breast cancer: a multi-reader study
Authors: Collison Sathiakar 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn recent years artificial intelligence-enhanced breast thermography is increasingly being evaluated as an ancillary modality in the evaluation of breast disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Thermalytix, a CE-marked system that analyzes thermal images using advanced thermal radiomics against unaided manual interpretation of thermographic images by trained thermologists.MethodsIn this retrospective, multi-reader study, thermal imaging data of 258 women who participated in a previously published clinical trial were used. These images were read manually by 3 trained thermologists independent of each other, using the approved scoring system of the American Association of Thermologists. None of the readers were involved in the collection of the images in the study cases. The images were then evaluated by the Thermalytix system, which is a commercially available software that automatically extracts hotspot, areolar and nipple radiomic parameters with a total of 64 individual radiomic features being analyzed using 3 random forest classifiers configured for 200 decision trees to generate a score predictive of the presence of breast cancer in the region of interest. The manual interpretation and Thermalytix interpretation were compared for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value and receiver operating characteristic curves were created to estimate prediction accuracy.ResultsAutomated Thermalytix had sensitivity and specificity of 95.2% and 66.7% respectively while AUROC of 0.85 (13.7% greater) than manual interpretation. Further, hotspot and vascular scores derived in the automated Thermalytix are the strongest predictors of breast cancer lesions (AUROC: 0.84 and 0.83, respectively).ConclusionsOverall this suggests that automated AI-based Thermalytix has higher accuracy in the prediction of breast cancer lesions and must be further investigated in the wider women population to validate its use in hospital settings as a screening modality for breast cancer.
Accessible and reliable neurometric testing in humans using a smartphone platform
Authors: Boele H.J. , Jung C. , Sherry S. , Roggeveen L.E.M. , Dijkhuizen S. , Öhman J. , Abraham E. , Uvarov A. , Boele C.P. , Gultig K. , Rasmussen A. , Vinueza-Veloz M.F. , Medina J.F. , Koekkoek S.K.E. , De Zeeuw C.I. , Wang S.S.-H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTests of human brain circuit function typically require fixed equipment in lab environments. We have developed a smartphone-based platform for neurometric testing. This platform, which uses AI models like computer vision, is optimized for at-home use and produces reproducible, robust results on a battery of tests, including eyeblink conditioning, prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response, and startle habituation. This approach provides a scalable, universal resource for quantitative assays of central nervous system function.
Household Hardships and Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Shocks in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Muir Jonathan A. , Dheresa Merga , Madewell Zachary J. , Getachew Tamirat , Daraje Gamachis , Mengesha Gezahegn , Whitney Cynthia G. , Assefa Nega , Cunningham Solveig A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 resulted in enormous disruption to life around the world. To quell disease spread, governments implemented lockdowns that likely created hardships for households. To improve knowledge of consequences, we examine how the pandemic period was associated with household hardships and assess factors associated with these hardships.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using quasi-Poisson regression to examine factors associated with household hardships. Data were collected between August and September of 2021 from a random sample of 880 households living within a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) located in the Harari Region and the District of Kersa, both in Eastern Ethiopia.ResultsHaving a head of household with no education, residing in a rural area, larger household size, lower income and/or wealth, and community responses to COVID-19, including lockdowns and travel restrictions, were independently associated with experiencing household hardships.ConclusionsOur results identify characteristics of groups at-risk for household hardships during the pandemic; these findings may inform efforts to mitigate the consequences of COVID-19 and future disease outbreaks.
Associations between reported healthcare disruption due to COVID-19 and avoidable hospitalisation: Evidence from seven linked longitudinal studies for England
Authors: Green Mark A. , McKee Martin , Hamilton Olivia , Shaw Richard J. , Macleod John , Boyd Andy ,   The LH&W NCS Collaborative, and Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHealth services across the UK struggled to cope during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many treatments were postponed or cancelled, although the impact was mitigated by new models of delivery. While the scale of disruption has been studied, much less is known about if this disruption impacted health outcomes. The aim of our paper is to examine whether there is an association between individuals experiencing disrupted access to healthcare during the pandemic and risk of an avoidable hospitalisation.MethodsWe used individual-level data for England from seven longitudinal cohort studies linked to electronic health records from NHS Digital (n = 29 276) within the UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration trusted research environment. Avoidable hospitalisations were defined as emergency hospital admissions for ambulatory care sensitive and emergency urgent care sensitive conditions (1stMarch 2020 to 25thAugust 2022). Self-reported measures of whether people had experienced disruption during the pandemic to appointments (e.g., visiting their GP or an outpatient department), procedures (e.g., surgery, cancer treatment) or medications were used as our exposures. Logistic regression models examined associations.Results35% of people experienced some form of disrupted access to healthcare. Those whose access was disrupted were at increased risk of any (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.80, 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) = 1.34-2.41), acute (OR = 1.68, CIs = 1.13-2.53) and chronic (OR = 1.93, CIs = 1.40-2.64) ambulatory care sensitive hospital admissions. There were positive associations between disrupted access to appointments and procedures to measures of avoidable hospitalisations as well.ConclusionsOur study presents novel evidence from linked individual-level data showing that people whose access to healthcare was disrupted were more likely to have an avoidable or potentially preventable hospitalisation. Our findings highlight the need to increase healthcare investment to tackle the short- and long-term implications of the pandemic beyond directly dealing with SARS-CoV-2 infections.
A tool to assess risk of bias in studies estimating the prevalence of mental health disorders (RoB-PrevMH)
Authors: Tonia Thomy , Buitrago-Garcia Diana , Peter Natalie , Mesa-Vieira Cristina , Li Tianjing , Furukawa Toshi A. , Cipriani Andrea , Leucht Stefan , Low Nicola , Salanti Georgia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveBiases affect how certain we are about the available evidence, however no standard tool for assessing the risk of bias (RoB) in prevalence studies exists. For the purposes of a living systematic review on prevalence of mental health disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed a RoB tool to evaluate prevalence studies in mental health (RoB-PrevMH) and tested interrater reliability.MethodsWe reviewed existing RoB tools for prevalence studies until September 2020, to develop a tool for prevalence studies in mental health. We tested the reliability of assessments by different users of RoB-PrevMH in 83 studies stemming from two systematic reviews of prevalence studies in mental health. We assessed the interrater agreement by calculating the proportion of agreement and Kappa statistic for each item.ResultsRoB-PrevMH consists of three items that address selection bias and information bias. Introductory and signaling questions guide the application of the tool to the review question. The interrater agreement for the three items was 83%, 90% and 93%. The weighted kappa was 0.63 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.73), 0.71 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.85) and 0.32 (95% CI –0.04 to –0.63), respectively.ConclusionsWe developed a brief, user friendly, and adaptable tool for assessing RoB in studies on prevalence of mental health disorders. Initial results for interrater agreement were fair to substantial. The tool’s validity, reliability, and applicability should be assessed in future projects.
Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis
Authors: Moazen-Zadeh Ehsan , Chisholm Alexandra , Bachi Keren , Hurd Yasmin L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn this review, we provide an updated assessment of available evidence on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of cannabidiol (CBD) and explore the impact of different factors on PK outcomes.Materials and MethodsThis systematic review and meta-regression analysis was pre-registered (PROSPERO: CRD42021269857). We systematically searched Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, and Web of Science Core Collection up to November 19, 2022. Trials of CBD in healthy adults were included if they reported at least one of the PK parameters of interest, including Tmax, Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-inf, and T1/2, in serum or plasma. Studies of patient populations or CBD co-administration with other medications were excluded. TheNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After Studies with no Control Groupwas used. Random-effects multivariable meta-regression analysis was conducted.ResultsA total of 112 trial arms from 39 studies were included; 26 trial arms had a “Good” quality, 70 “Fair,” and 16 “Poor.” Eight arms used inhalation CBD, 29 oromucosal, 73 oral, and 2 intravenous. CBD formulations could be categorized to nanotech (n=14), oil-based (n=21), alcohol-based (n=10), water-based (n=12), Sativex (n=17), and Epidiolex (n=22). For single-dose studies, CBD doses ranged between 2-100mg in inhalation, 5-50mg in oromucosal, and 0.42-6000mg in oral administration. Sixty-six trial arms had only male participants or a higher number of males than females. The duration of the PK session was between 4h-164h. A higher CBD dose was associated with higher Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-inf. Compared to oral administration, oromucosal administration was associated with lower Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-inf. Fed status was associated with higher Cmax and AUC0-t when compared to the fasting status. A higher ratio of female participants was associated with lower Tmax in oral administration and higher Cmax.ConclusionAs expected, CBD dose, route of administration, and diet were major determinants of CBD pharmacokinetics with oral routes providing higher bioavailability and nanotechnology formulations a faster onset. Though CBD appeared to have a faster onset and longer duration in females, more studies are required to delineate the role of biological sex. Factors that influence CBD PK have implications for medication development and appropriate dosing in clinical practice.