bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Are Statistics: It's Time to set the Record Straight
Authors: Michnenko O. E. , Salin V. N. 
Published: August 2023

The authors present their views on the modern concept of statistics as a science, academic discipline, and field of activity. The urgency of the matter lies in an adequate understanding of the essence of statistics, which determines the direction for its further evolution as a tool for increasing the effectiveness of the national socio-economic processes.According to the authors, by the beginning of the XXI century, de jure statistics are associated with activities, measured by data, that reflect a set of phenomena of diverse nature while ignoring de facto activities, associated with an assessment of the quantitative side of mass phenomena as part of information support of cognitive processes and management decision-making in the socio-economic sphere. In the former case, theoretical, methodological, and practical statistical activities are based on the consideration of the statistical population as such, for which is being developed an appropriate toolkit based primarily on the unity of methods of mathematical logic, mathematical statistics, and big data analysis. In the latter case, theoretical, methodological, and practical activities are interpreted within the framework of the concept implying that the quantitative side of mass social phenomena is the object of cognition and management as an objective reality. It is based on the following categories: a statistical indicator, a system of indicators, and an information model.Analysis of the main features of the two types of activity show that their convergence is impossible. The paper concludes that while maintaining the independent status of the first type of activity, called Statistics, it would be appropriate to acknowledge the independent status of the second type of activity, called Socio-economic statistics, as a type of occupation, a specialty and area of training in higher education, a scientific specialty – a branch of science, incorporating it in the professional standard «Statistician», the educational standard of higher education «Socio-economic statistics», and the standard of the scientific specialty «Socio-economic statistics».
Associations of Hyponatremia with Cognition Function and All-Cause Mortality: Post Hoc Analysis of the Systolic BP Intervention Trial
Authors: Sarwal Amara , Boucher Robert E. , Abraham Nikita , Singh Ravinder , Ye Xiangyang , Moghaddam Farahnaz A. , Hartsell Sydney E. , Wei Guo , Beddhu Srinivasan 
Published: August 2023

Key Points

Incident hyponatremia is associated with probable dementia.Incident hyponatremia does not seem to be associated with mild cognitive impairment or death.

Background
Acute neurologic effects of severe hyponatremia are well-known. However, the long-term association of hyponatremia with cognitive impairment is unclear.

Methods
In this post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial, we examined whether incident hyponatremia is a risk factor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or probable dementia (PD). In those with baseline serum sodium level ≥130 mmol/L, we defined incident hyponatremia in the first 6 months as a Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial safety alert for serum sodium level <130 mmol/L from randomization to the 6-month visit. In multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for baseline cognitive function and other variables, we related incident hyponatremia in the first 6 months with subsequent MCI or PD in 8540 participants with cognitive outcomes data and with all-cause mortality (ACM) in 9135 participants with mortality data.

Results
Incident hyponatremia in the first 6 months was noted in 116 participants (1.4%). Older age, female sex, non-Black race, lower body mass index, and randomization to intensive systolic BP control were associated with incident hyponatremia. Compared with those without hyponatremia, those with incident hyponatremia had higher risk of PD (2.1 versus 0.9 events/100 person-years; hazard ratio [HR], 3.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48 to 6.41) but not MCI (3.1 versus 3.6 events/100 person-years; HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.54 to 1.68) and the composite of MCI/PD (5.0 versus 4.2 events/100 person-years; HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.82 to 2.0). There were no significant differences in ACM (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 0.90 to 3.73).

Conclusions
Biologic plausibility for the association of incident hyponatremia with PD but not MCI or death is unclear. The association of incident hyponatremia with PD could reflect a chance finding or noncausal biologic association or causal relationship.
Self-similar collapse in a circular magnetic field and electron jets by hybrid transverse plasmon
Authors: Zhao ZuYang , Liu Xiaolan , Liu Sanqiu , Li XiaoQing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Based on a set of nonlinear coupling equations describing the interaction of the HF field, self-generated magnetic field, and ion-acoustic wave, the dispersion relation of hybrid transverse plasmon under the circular self-generated magnetic field is obtained. The analysis of magnetic modulation instability shows that the circular self-generated magnetic fields have the tendency to self-similar collapse which makes the electron escape along the axial region and form a collimated jet. In addition, the velocity of the electron jets is calculated, and the result is consistent with experimental observation. The present research may be applied to understand the dynamic process of electron jets produced in laser plasma.
Leveraging an Experience-Based Codesign Approach to Improve the Inpatient Food Service Experience
Authors: Abid Muhammad Hasan , Shehri Nada Al , Din Shaikh Muhammad Saif Ud , Nofeye Jamal Al 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hospital food service is a key patient experience domain in an inpatient setting, which also plays an important role in responding to clinical and nutritional needs by providing food that is acceptable to patients. To achieve the strategic objective of a “distinguished patient experience,” a Food Service Patient Experience Improvement Project was implemented at Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital during the second quarter of 2021 (Q2-2021) to improve the patient experience of meals at inpatient units.

Methods
A quasi-experimental study design was used to assess the improvements in the inpatient meal experience by implementing an experience-based codesign approach. Improvements in the inpatient setting patient experience survey (Press Ganey) meals domain were measured. SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines were used to report this quality improvement project.

Results
A significant improvement was observed in the inpatient meals patient experience mean score before (Q1-2021, 68.75) versus after (Q3-2021, 81.93) the implementation of the Food Service Patient Experience Improvement Project.

Conclusion
Food services are an important element in the patient recovery process and experience. The experience-based codesign is an effective coproduction approach to improve the patient experience and promote patient-centered care.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MINUMAN INSTAN JAHE DAN KENCUR DI DUSUN SEMBON KULON KECAMATAN NGAJUM
Authors: Rofiah Lailatul , Maslahah Wafiyatu , Almaida Nur , Marwa Marwa 
Published: August 2023

Pengabdian ini mengambil tema “ Membangun desa melalui kolaborasi lintas stakeholder” diwujudkan melalui kerjasama dosen dan mahasiswa UNIRA Malang dengan PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) dalam mensosialisasikan pembuatan minuman instan di Dusun Sembon Kulon Kecamatan Ngajum Kabupaten Malang. Minuman instan dalam program ini merupakan olahan rempah-rempah berupa jahe dan kencur yang dikristalkan dengan cara direbus dengan air dan gula. Menyadari program ini dapat menjadi peluang usaha untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat setempat, Tim dosen dan mahasiswa Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat Malang bekerja sama dengan PKH berinisiatif mengadakan sebuah kegiatan dalam bentuk pelatihan pembuatan minuman instan beserta digital marketing, Program ini bertujuan agar masyarakat mengetahui secara menyeluruh mulai dari proses pembuatan minuman instan sampai pemasaran yang tepat di era yang serba digital. Program ini dilaksanakan dalam beberapa tahap, tahap pertama adalah pengenalan program kerja pada perangkat desa dan masyarakat setempat, kedua sosialisasi pembuatan minuman instan dan pengemasan berupa standing pouch dan digital maketing dan tahap selanjutnya mengadakan sebuah pelatihan pembuatan minuman instan jahe dan kencur, terhadap ibu-ibu PKK Dusun Sembon pelatihan tersebut juga didampingi oleh dosen dan salah satu anggota PKH, yang terakhir adalah pembagian produk minuman instan pada warga sebagai wujud harapan dari tim dosen dan mahasiswa UNIRA Malang agar program kerja ini dapat dijadikan peluang usaha baru bagi masyarakat setempat sehingga dapat memperbaiki ekonomi keluarga maupun masyarakat.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN RAB KEGIATAN PRASARANA SECARA SEDERHANA SESUAI PERMEN PUPR No.1 TAHUN 2022
Authors: Sarasanty Diah 
Published: August 2023

Setiap daerah semakin gencar melaksanakan perluasan infrastruktur sebagai bagian dari peningkatan pelayanan masyarakat dengan mengalokasikan dana desa. APBN terus mengalokasikan lebih banyak dana ke desa setiap tahunnya. Penyusunan rencana anggaran untuk kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk membangun infrastruktur desa sangat penting dan harus dikuasai untuk memastikan bahwa rencana dan tujuan biaya, kualitas, dan waktu tercapai secara efektif dan efisien. Sebagai mitra, Desa Puloniti di Kecamatan Bangsal Kabupaten Mojokerto mengikuti pelatihan pembelajaran terkait penyusunan anggaran (RAB). Materi yang diberikan kepada pemerintah desa adalah RAB dan bagian-bagian penyusunnya, perhitungan volume pekerjaan, perkiraan waktu yang diperkirakan untuk penyelesaian pekerjaan, perhitungan jumlah pekerja dan prasyarat material dan menjelang penyelesaian pekerjaan. Persiapan akan diberikan materi dengan melibatkan Microsoft Excel sebagai pemandu. Aparat desa harus dapat memahami bagaimana menyusun RAB berdasarkan Analisis Harga Satuan Kerja (AHSP) sesuai dengan PERMEN PUPR No. 1 Tahun 2022. Luaran berupa modul anggaran yang dapat digunakan oleh perangkat desa dalam kegiatan perencanaan desanya. Selain itu diharapkan aparat desa mendapatkan tambahan keahlian dalam menyusun anggaran infrastruktur desa dengan menggunakan tools Microsoft Excel sebagai hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini.
Prevalence and awareness of Herpes Zoster Among Saudi Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, A Cross Sectional Study in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhaid Ahmed , Alhaddad Ahmed , Alramadhan Mahdi , Al-Ramdhan Abdullah , Bujubarah Ahmed , Alsaad Hassan 
Published: August 2023

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is a painful vesicular rash that happens when an infection with the varicella-zoster virus in the sensory ganglia is reactivated. The incidence and severity of HZ and its complications increase with advancing age, with a marked increase after 50 years of age. In addition, diabetes mellitus has been found to be a risk factor for severe, persistent postherpetic neuralgia.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted in Al-Ahsa City, Eastern Saudi Arabia, in 2023. The study population included patients with DM who visit outpatient (ambulatory care) in primary or secondary health care setting. The convenience sample included 224 participants. A validated closed-ended interview questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS program version 28, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
Results: The study included 224 participants, more than half (54.5%) of whom were female. The mean (SD) age of the sample was 61.1 ± 8 years. Most of the participants (97.8%) were married, and 29.0% had a secondary school education level. More than half of the participants (56.7%) had heard of HZ. Only 6.7% had been diagnosed with HZ, and 23.7% knew someone who had been diagnosed with HZ. In addition, 18.8% had been vaccinated against HZ. Most patients (80.8%) cited healthcare providers as their primary source of HZ knowledge, followed by friends/relatives (37.9%). More than half of the participants were aware of HZ (62.1%) and had a positive attitude towards HZ (55.8%) respectively. Awareness of HZ was positively correlated with a higher level of education, a high income, a short duration of diabetes, having heard of HZ, being diagnosed with HZ, knowing someone who had been diagnosed with HZ, and being vaccinated against HZ among diabetic patients.
Conclusion: The results revealed low vaccination rates and low awareness of HZ. The study recommends that education in simple language should be provided through various media to increase community awareness about HZ and its vaccine. Additionally, healthcare providers should promote and recommend HZ vaccinations for DM patients.
Therapeutic Attributes of Stevia rebaudiana Leaves in Diabetic Animal Model
Authors: Hussain Fatma , Hafeez Javaria 
Published: August 2023

Background: Medicinal plants contain organic chemicals with different properties. As synthetic medications can create deleterious effects, therefore, use of safe natural medicinal adjuncts like Stevia rebaudiana is endorsed.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective and renoprotective attributes of Stevia rebaudiana leaves in the diabetic rat model.
Methodology: Single dose of alloxan monohydrate was given to induce Diabetes mellitus in the rats. Plant extract treatment along with synthetic drug glibenclamide was given to rats for about 28 days to check their efficacies (antidiabetic, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective and reno-protective) by using commercially available kits.
Results: Treatment showed a significant decrease in blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, and a rise in insulin, although it could not normalize these biomarkers after 28 days of treatment. Catalase (CAT) activity was restored yet it was not significantly improved in the case of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Reduced Glutathione (GSH). Changes in lipid peroxidation products were trivial. Ingestion of Stevia rebaudiana significantly reduced Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate Transaminase (AST) levels, however, changes in Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT), and Total Protein (TP) were not significant. Similarly, treatment with Stevia rebaudiana reduced serum urea, creatinine and urinary albumin in diabetic animals.
Conclusion: It is established that Stevia rebaudiana leaves have multiple benefits and can be an exceptional nutraceutical.
Emergence of Antifungal Azole Resistance in the Fungal Strains of Tinea corporis, Tinea capitis, Tinea cruris and Tinea pedis from the Locality of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ismail Fatima , Ghani Abdul , Akbar Saba 
Published: August 2023

Background: Dermatophytes are the most common group of fungi causing fungal infections all over the world. They are classified into three main groups Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton. Among these, Trichophyton has the highest prevalence rate (70-90%) as compared to the others. The global emergence of fungal infections is varied due to the socio-economic conditions throughout the world. Developing countries, like Pakistan, are facing an increase in the number of dermatophytoses, including frequent relapses and treatment failures.
Objectives: The study have been conducted to identify the emerging fungal species, the role of commonly available antifungals such as azoles including voriconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B were used to determine the drug resistance among these species.
Methodology: Nine groups of dermatophytes and non-dermatophyte fungi isolated from the patients of tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea capitis and tinea pedis infections were analyzed for Phenotypic diversity, antifungal susceptibility and strains identification, was performed by cultural characteristics and microscopy.
Results: Nine groups of isolated fungal strains were identified as Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton mentagrophyte, Trichophyton rubrum amongst dermatophytes class and Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus verisocolor, Aspergillus niger, Acretonium sordidulum and Acremonium sclerotigenum of non-dermatophytes class.
Conclusion: The study revealed Trichophytone interdigitale group as more frequent dermatophytes. Whereas, among the antifungal drugs, fluconazole that targets the Erg 1 gene of ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi is less effective most common antifungal drugs available locally.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Acacia modesta, Achyranthe saspara and Solanum surattense used in Folk Medicine
Authors: Sana Nazia , Shaheen Rabia , Sharif Aneela , Kalsoom Sehrish , Nasreen Zahida 
Published: August 2023

Background: The antibiotic resistance is a grave concern across the globe due to inappropriate and over usage of antibiotics without prescription which could be fatal for the humans in the long run. Therefore, the need of the hour is to look for more effective and economical options for treatment worldwide to reduce antibiotic resistance.
Objective: This study was targeted to assess the antibacterial and antifungal properties of leaf extracts of three plants (Achyranthes aspara, Acacia modesta and Solanum surattense) against Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Malassezia species.
Methods: The bioactive components were extracted using methanol and ethanol (70%) as solvents. The agar-well diffusion method was employed to assess the antibacterial and antifungal activities of leaf extract. The inhibitory zones were recorded. The bioassay studies of the crude extracts were undertaken at three different concentrations i.e., 30.0, 40.0, and 50.0 mg/ml.
Results and Conclusion: The ethanol extracts of Achyranthes aspara had shown the highest growth inhibitory effect at a concentration of 50.0 mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 13.2mm against E. coli. Ethanolic leaf extracts of solanum surattense had shown maximum inhibition effects at a concentration of 50.0 mg/ml with 12.5mm zones of inhibition against Salmonella. Acacia modesta did not show good results against any bacterial and fungal strains as compared to the other two plants.
Deep H i Mapping of Stephan’s Quintet and Its Neighborhood
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Xu Cong Kevin , Appleton P. N. , Duc P.-A. , Tang N.-Y. , Dai Y.-S. , Huang J.-S. , Lisenfeld U. , Renaud F. , He Chuan , Feng Hai-Cheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We carried out deep mapping observations of the atomic hydrogen (H i) 21 cm line emission in a field centered on the famous galaxy group Stephan's Quintet (SQ), using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) equipped with a 19-beam receiver. The final data cube reaches an H i column density sensitivity of 5σ = 2.1 × 1017 cm−2 per 20 km s−1 channel with an angular resolution of 4.′0. The discovery of a large diffuse feature of the H i emission in the outskirts of the intragroup medium of SQ was reported in a previous paper (Xu et al.). Here we present a new study of the total H i emission of SQ and the detection of several neighboring galaxies, exploiting the high sensitivity and the large sky coverage of the FAST observations. A total H i mass of M
H I = 3.48 ± 0.35 × 1010
M
☉ is found for SQ, which is significantly higher than previous measurements in the literature. This indicates that, contrary to earlier claims, SQ is not H i deficient. The excessive H i gas is mainly found in the velocity ranges of 6200–6400 km s−1 and 6800–7000 km s−1, which were undetected in previous observations that are less sensitive than ours. Our results suggest that the “missing H i” in compact groups may be hidden in the low-density diffuse neutral gas instead of in the ionized gas.
The Crucial Role of Perpendicular Diffusion in the Longitude Distribution of >10 MeV Solar Energetic Protons
Authors: Wang Yang , Qin Gang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Gradual solar proton events are thought to consist of solar components originating near the Sun and interplanetary components associated with interplanetary shocks, and the role of interplanetary shocks is considered to be crucial in supplying particles to regions that are not magnetically connected to the solar source region. We calculate the ratios of the peak intensities for the four energy channels (13–16, 20–25, 32–40, and 40–64 MeV) and compare the ratios observed by multiple spacecraft at different locations. We often find that the ratio of peak intensities observed at different locations in the same event remains almost constant as the energy varies. In other words, the ratio of peak intensities from the different energy channels remains almost constant as the position of the spacecraft changes. The phenomenon implies that in many gradual events, energetic particles observed at different locations are mainly composed of solar components that undergo perpendicular diffusion in both the vicinity of the Sun and the interplanetary space, and that perpendicular diffusion is the main factor enabling energetic particles to be observed in regions without magnetic connection to the solar source region.
Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks (eDisk). V. Possible Annular Substructure in a Circumstellar Disk in the Ced110 IRS4 System
Authors: Sai Insa Choi Jinshi , Yen Hsi-Wei , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Tobin John J. , Jørgensen Jes K. , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Saigo Kazuya , Aso Yusuke , Lin Zhe-Yu Daniel , Koch Patrick M. , Aikawa Yuri , Flores Christian , de Gregorio-Monsalvo Itziar , Han Ilseung , Kido Miyu , Kwon Woojin , Lai Shih-Ping , Lee Chang Won , Lee Jeong-Eun , Li Zhi-Yun , Looney Leslie W. , Mori Shoji , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Santamaría-Miranda Alejandro , Sharma Rajeeb , Thieme Travis J. , Tomida Kengo , Williams Jonathan P. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We have observed the Class 0/I protostellar system Ced110 IRS4 at an angular resolution of 0.″05 (∼10 au) as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array large program, Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks. The 1.3 mm dust continuum emission reveals that Ced110 IRS4 is a binary system with a projected separation of ∼250 au. The continuum emissions associated with the main source and its companion, named Ced110 IRS4A and IRS4B, respectively, exhibit disk-like shapes and likely arise from dust disks around the protostars. The continuum emission of Ced110 IRS4A has a radius of ∼110 au (∼0.″6) and shows bumps along its major axis with an asymmetry. The bumps can be interpreted as a shallow, ring-like structure at a radius of ∼40 au (∼0.″2) in the continuum emission, as demonstrated from two-dimensional intensity distribution models. A rotation curve analysis on the C18O and 13CO J = 2–1 lines reveals the presence of a Keplerian disk within a radius of 120 au around Ced110 IRS4A, which supports the interpretation that the dust continuum emission arises from a disk. The ring-like structure in the dust continuum emission might indicate a possible annular substructure in the surface density of the embedded disk, although the possibility that it is an apparent structure due to the optically thick continuum emission cannot be ruled out.