bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Retinopathy Classification using VisionTransformer Architectures and Deep Learning
Authors: Hossain Shahriar , Chakrabarty Amitabha , Alam Golam Rabiul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a vision-threatening disease that has affected plenty of people worldwide and is treated using digital fundus imaging and retinal images by specialists at the primary level. DR is one of the most common eye diseases and it is caused by long-term diabetes and high blood pressure.A lot of research has been carried out in the recent past using Deep Learning (DL) models on eye disease diagnosis. However, recently Transformer based models have proved to be quite dynamic in terms of image classification and have outperformed DL architectures in many cases. In this research, we implement a vision Transformer (ViT) model with Shifted Patch Tokenization(SPT) and Locality Self Attention (LSA) that is specifically built to perform well on small datasets, alongside we implement someConvolutional Neural Network (CNN) based Transfer learning algorithms such as ResNet101, InceptionV3, and Xception. Upon training and testing the selected architectures, we find that theViT-based model outperforms all the state-of-the-art DL models ,attaining accuracies of 82.26% and 77.01% for training and validation respectively. Furthermore, we used StyleGAN2 as an alternative to the generic data augmentation technique to produce images that replicate the original properties of the real images.We augmented our dataset consisting of 2750 images usingStyleGAN2 and extended it into a total of 5000 images keeping an equal number of images in each of the classes mitigating class imbalance and ensuring the dataset is small enough to demonstrate ViT on small datasets.
Trade-off Dynamics and Chaotic Behavior in Nonautonomous Prey-Predator Models with Group Defense
Authors: Bhargava Masoom , Dubey Balram 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ecological ”trade-off” is prioritising one trait over another. Predators put their lives at danger to pursue dangerous prey, and their injuries can reduce their chances of survival. Prey must ”trade-off” between reproduction rate and safety, whereas predators must ”trade-off” between food and safety. We present a two-dimensional prey and predator model that takes into account prey logistic growth rate and Monod-Haldane type functional response to reflect prey collective defense. We investigate the cost of fear in order to depict prey trade-off dynamics, and we change the predator’s mortality rate by incorporating a function that reflects predator loss as a result of encountering dangerous prey. Our model shows bistability and goes through transcritical bifurcation, saddle node bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation, Bautin bifurcation, Homoclinic bifurcation, and Limit point of cycle bifurcation. We investigated the effects of our critical parameters on both populations and discovered that predators become extinct if their loss of predator is too high due to encounters with dangerous prey, demonstrating how predators risk their own health for food. We find that fear can lead to global stability in a system by causing the stable and unstable limit cycles to collide. We also see that the degree of seasonality in the level of fear in the nonautonomous model might lead to chaos. Sensitivity analysis, the positivity of the maximal Lyapunov exponent, and the uneven distribution of points observed in the Poincar´e map shown is an established sign of chaotic nature. We note that variations in intensity of seasonality in carry-over can cause a system to shift under many different periodic windows. The findings presented in this article may be beneficial in comprehending the biological insights derived from investigating prey-predator interactions.
Prediction of prognosis and immune response in prostate cancer by senescence-associated lncRNA signature
Authors: Wan Yueming , Cao Weiwei , Yi Xiaochun , Peng Keliang , Jiang Xun , Liao Chunwang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer often leads to high mortality rates and poor clinical outcomes. Recent research indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and cellular senescence play significant roles in tumor development. Our study aims to explore the role of senescence-associated lncRNAs in predicting clinical outcomes and potential use in immunotherapy.
Methods: We sourced transcriptome data from the TCGA dataset and collected cellular senescence-associated genes from relevant studies. A prognostic signature was constructed using Cox regression and co-expression analyses. Patients were then classified into high-risk and low-risk groups. We undertook a series of model validations to assess the prognostic value of the signature. Further analyses included gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for lncRNAs, their immune-related functions, and the evaluation of tumor mutation burden (TMB). Lastly, we utilized the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm to examine immune evasion and potential immunotherapeutic applications of senescence-associated lncRNAs.
Results: We identified three senescence-associated lncRNAs and developed a prognostic signature. It was found that high-risk patients had worse overall survival (OS) and higher mortality rates. The independent prognostic analysis, ROC, and C-index indicated that the senescence-associated lncRNAs accurately predicted the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer. The enrichment analysis suggested that these lncRNAs were involved in tumor development and progression. Additionally, patients with low TMB were found to have poorer OS.
Conclusions: The identified three senescence-associated lncRNAs can predict the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. They offer new insights for clinical applications, particularly for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
Wear prediction model of hot rolling backup roll based on FEM+ML algorithm
Authors: Lu Jia , Hao Luhan , Wang Pengfei , Huang Huagui , Li Xu , Hua Changchun , Su Lihong , Deng Guanyu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The wear of backup rolls will have a great impact on the quality of hot rolled strip sheet shape. In order to overcome the limitations of the finite element method (FEM) in calculating the wear of backup rolls in terms of efficiency and accuracy, this paper proposes a FEM + ML tandem hybrid model to optimise the prediction effect of the finite element method (FEM) on the wear of backup rolls. Firstly, a backup roller wear model is established based on FEM. Secondly, in order to select the optimal machine learning (ML) algorithm as the finite element error compensation model, three types of finite element error compensation models were established based on the random forest (RF) algorithm, radial basis neural network (RBF) algorithm, and particle swarm optimisation support vector machine (PSO-SVM) algorithm. Finally, the three types of finite element error compensation models were connected in series with the FEM model to compare the prediction performance of the three types of FEM + ML models on the wear of backup rolls. The numerical experimental results show that the FEM + PSO-SVM model can predict the wear of the backup roll better, and the PSO-SVM algorithm is most suitable for establishing the finite element error compensation model. It is proved that the FEM + ML model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy and computational efficiency of the FEM model for predicting the wear of the backup rolls without adding microelements. In addition, among the hot rolling parameters, the rolling force has the greatest influence on the wear of the backup rolls, and excessive rolling force should be avoided for a single pass in order to slow down the wear of the backup rolls.
Enhancing removal of acid orange II by heterogeneous catalytic ozonation using ZnO nanoparticles-modified fly ash composite
Authors: Hoang Van Hung , Chu Thi Hong Huyen , Nguyen Thi Dong , Nguyen Thi Hong Vien , Nguyen Thu Huyen , Luu Thi Cuc , Van Huu-Tap , Nguyen Hoang , Duong Dinh Tuan , Nguyen Van Huu Luong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, heterogeneous catalytic ozonation using fly ash (FA) modified ZnO nanoparticles to the decolorization of acid orange II (AOII) was studied. The combination of ZnO and fly ash via an incipient wetness impregnation method to form ZOFA composites created a synergistic effect that led to efficient catalytic ozonation activity towards AOII degradation and decolorization compared with individual ozonation processes. From the experimental results, ZOFA composite with the optimal weight ratio between ZnO NPs and FA was 20 wt% (denoted as ZOFA-20) that exhibited outstanding catalytic ozonation activity. Moreover, through other investigations including initial pH conditions and catalyst dosage, AOII could be effectively and optimally eliminated by 0.5 g of ZOFA-20 with an initial pH value of 11. The corresponding k value was measured as 0.248 min− 1 with a maximum TOC removal content of 77.27%. Besides, ZOFA-20 could show high catalytic ozonation activity even at highly concentrated AOII concentrations while it could also retain its excellent stability and reusability over 5 continuous AOII removal cycles. From the experimental and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results, hydroxyl radical (•OH) was the main active species during the catalytic ozonation of AOII. The present study provides a promising approach to prepare novel composite-based fly ash that would be applicable for removing azo dye and other dye pollutants in water via a catalytic ozonation strategy.
Assessment of the benefits of wort supplementation with inorganic nutrients in the bioethanol production process
Authors: Montiel Davi Gorla , Cedeno Fernando Roberto Paz , Brienzo Michel , Masarin Fernando 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The scarcity of mineral nutrients in the wort for bioethanol production has been a constant concern within the industrial scale. Serious damage to the production process can be pointed out, such as compromising the vitality of the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells). This paper evaluated the mineral amounts of ions metals in the industrial fermentation process. A balance of minerals indicated the necessity of yeasts for certain chemical elements, making measurable the levels necessary for the respective supplementation. Through this, laboratory-scale fermentation assays were carried out with different conditions (20, 24 e 26 °Brix) that determined the main productivity parameters in response to the application of two commercial nutrients in a combined way. Among the conditions evaluated, the assays with 24 and 26 °Brix supplemented with the line of inorganic nutrients ™Nitrofós presented better results, increasing the fermentative efficiency by 7 percentage points compared to the control (without product). Fermentations supplemented with the product showed higher levels of cellular vitality, indicating an increase in glucose-reducing metabolism through the nutrition of S. cerevisiae. Considering a scale-up of the bioethanol production process with supplementation of ™Nitrofós accounted for gains of 266 m³ of ethanol/month more than the control group, savings of R$ 586,879.20.
Synergistic interaction between molybdenum disulfide nanosheet and metal organic framework for high performance supercapacitor
Authors: Ahmed Fatma M. , Ateia Ebtesam E. , El-dek S. I. , El-Kader Sherine M. Abd , Shafaay Amira S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 crystals (ZIF-67) anchored molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MS) have been synthesized via a hydrothermal approach followed by a simple chemical method. MS concentration has been varied to investigate its impact on the electrochemical efficiency within the electrode nanocomposite. The shiny spot of this composite is the combination of two desirable properties, the conductive path created by MS, and the structural framework support provided by Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 intercalated with nickel (Z67.Ni). The reason behind this choice of this specific nanocomposite is the framework of the Z67.Ni that prevents MS nanosheets from restacking during the repeated charge and discharge cycles. Superior electrochemical behavior of Z67.Ni with 70% weight percent of MS (Z67.Ni/MS7) demonstrated the excellent synergistic effect between Z67.Ni crystals and MS nanosheets. It has a specific capacitance of 308.5 F g− 1 at 1 A g− 1 and delivers an excellent energy density (Ed) of 83.98 W h kg− 1 with a power density (Pd) of 2.78 kW kg− 1. These excellent results demonstrate the high efficiency of this nanocomposite material in supercapacitor applications.
WITHDRAWN: Phthirus pubis crawling along the palpebral margin
Authors: Lin Jiateng , Li Shangming , Lv Gang , Si Shancheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: A seemingly ordinary but rare case of ocular itching in a 7-year-old boy was reported, providing clear images of eye abnormalities and microorganisms crawling along the palpebral margin. These microorganisms were ultimately confirmed as pubic ice by pathogenic microbiology experts. We believe that our work has significant implications for improving childcare and home care, which is of great interest to the readers in this area.
Case presentation: A 7-year-old child with ocular itching was reported. Previously, he was diagnosed with contact dermatitis by general practitioners and was treated with tobramycin-dexamethasone eye ointment. On ophthalmic examination, slit lamp examination revealed insect eggs attached to the palpebral margins and eyelash roots of both upper eyelids, and active crab-like insect bodies crawling along the palpebral margin of both eyelids. These microorganisms were confirmed by pathogenic microbiology experts to be pubic lice. After the parasites were removed and the eyelashes were cut off, tobramycin and dexamethasone eye ointment were applied to bilateral eyelid margins. No lice were found again and the itching symptoms completely disappeared after one week of follow-up.
Conclusion: Pediatric cases of phthiriasis palpebrarum without child sexual abuse are rare. Even in children without sexual contact, there is the potential for the development of phthiriasis palpebrarum, which requires more attention from ophthalmologists, general practitioners and dermatologists.
Neuroprotection by Acrolein Sequestration through Exogenously Applied Scavengers and Endogenous Enzymatic Enabling Strategies in mouse EAE model
Authors: Tang Jonathan , Alford Anna , Leung Gary , Tully Melissa , Shi Riyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe have previously shown that the pro-oxidative aldehyde acrolein is a critical factor in MS pathology, and the acrolein scavenger hydralazine (HZ) can suppress acrolein and alleviate motor deficits in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. In this study, we found that in addition to hydralazine (HZ), phenelzine and dimercaprol, two structurally distinct acrolein scavengers, can mitigate motor and/or sensory deficits in EAE when applied immediately post-induction. This suggests that the chief factor of neuroprotection offered by three structurally distinct acrolein scavengers in EAE is their common feature of acrolein neutralization, not other functions unique to each compound. Furthermore, HZ can alleviate motor deficits when applied after the emergence of MS symptoms, making anti-acrolein treatment a more clinically relevant strategy. In addition, HZ can reduce both acrolein and MPO, suggesting a causative interaction between acrolein and inflammation. Finally, up-and-down regulation of ALDH2 function in EAE mice using either a pharmacological or genetic strategy led to correspondent motor and sensory changes. This data indicates a key role of ALDH2 in influencing oxidative stress, inflammation, and behavior in EAE. These findings further consolidate the critical role of aldehydes in the pathology of EAE and its mechanisms of regulation. This is expected to reinforce and expand the possible therapeutic targets of anti-aldehyde treatment to achieve neuroprotection through both endogenous and exogenous manners.
Anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 4R-tobacco cembranoid in a mouse model of inflammatory pain
Authors: Rivera-García Luis G. , Francis-Malavé Adela M. , Castillo Zachary W. , Uong Calvin D. , Wilson Torri D. , Ferchmin P. A. , Eterovic Vesna , Burton Michael D. , Carrasquillo Yarimar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
4R is a tobacco cembranoid that exhibits neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity, with previous studies demonstrating that it binds to and modulates cholinergic receptors. Given the established function of the cholinergic system in pain modulation and inflammation, we propose that 4R is also analgesic. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that systemic 4R treatment decreases pain-related behaviors and peripheral inflammation in a mouse model of inflammatory pain. To do this, we injected Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paw of male and female mice to elicit inflammation. We then assessed inflammation-induced hypersensitivity to cold, heat, and tactile stimulation using the Acetone, Hargreaves, and Von Frey tests, respectively, before and at different time points (2.5h – 8d) after a single systemic 4R (or vehicle) administration. In separate experiments, we pre-treated mice with a selective antagonist of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) followed by 4R (or vehicle) administration prior to behavioral tests. To evaluate CFA-induced paw edema and inflammation, we measured paw thickness and quantified immune cell infiltration in the injected hind paw using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lastly, we performed immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses of paw skin in α7nAChR-cre::Ai9 mice to measure the expression of α7nAChRs on immune subsets. Our experiments show that systemic administration of 4R decreases inflammation-induced peripheral hypersensitivity in male and female mice and inflammation-induced paw edema in male but not female mice. Notably, 4R-mediated analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects lasted up to 8d after a single systemic administration on day 1. Pretreatment with an α7nAChR-selective antagonist prevented 4R-mediated analgesia and anti-inflammatory effects, demonstrating that 4R effects are via modulation of the cholinergic system. We further show that a subset of immune cells in the hid paw expresses α7nAChR. However, the number of α7nAChR-expressing immune cells is unaltered by CFA or 4R treatment, suggesting that 4R effects are independent of α7nAChR-expressing immune cells. Together, our findings identify a novel function of the 4R tobacco cembranoid as an analgesic agent in both male and female mice that reduces peripheral inflammation in a sex-dependent manner, further supporting the pharmacological targeting of the cholinergic system for pain treatment.
Prognostic Nomograms to Predict Positive Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Competing Risk Models Basing on the SEER Database
Authors: Liu Peinan , Zhao Changying , Cui Hanxiao , Dai Luyao , Zhao Xuyan , Lin Shuai , Zhang Xin , Wu Hao , Ma Xiaobin , Kang Huafeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study wanted to discuss whether sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) combined with radiotherapy could be an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with positive lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and created nomograms to predict their probability of breast cancer-specific death (BCSD).
Methods
This study enrolled breast cancer patients who had positive lymph nodes after NAC, using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were stratified into two groups based on whether they received radiotherapy. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting was employed to correct confounding variables. Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to compare breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes between SLNB and ALND. Furthermore, prognostic nomograms were developed to predict the probability of BCSD.
Results
A total of 2204 patients were enrolled in this study, including 1321 in the radiotherapy group and 883 in the non-radiotherapy group. In the radiotherapy group, there was no significant difference in BCSS (HR = 1.115, 95%CI: 0.837–1.594, P = 0.328) and OS (HR = 1.164, 95%CI: 0.867–1.562, P = 0.270) between SLNB and ALND subgroups. In the non-radiotherapy group, SLNB was associated with worse BCSS (HR = 1.912, 95%CI: 1.273–2.873, P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 1.754, 95%CI: 1.219–2.523, P = 0.001). The calibration curves and the areas under the curves demonstrated the excellent accuracy and consistency of the nomograms.
Conclusions
SLNB combined with radiotherapy in patients with positive lymph nodes after NAC may provide similar survival benefits as ALND. The nomograms may be able to predict the probability of BCSD for them.
A phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, amlexanox, reduces neuroinflammation and neuronal death after pilocarpine-induced seizure
Authors: Yang Hyun Wook , Kho A Ra , Lee Song Hee , Kang Beom Seok , Park Min Kyu , Lee Chang Jun , Park Se Wan , Woo Seo Young , Kim Dong Yeon , Jung Hyun Ho , Choi Bo Young , Yang Won Il , Song Hong Ki , Choi Hui Chul , Suh Sang Won 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. During acute neurological diseases, defective lysosomal functioning can lead to the accumulation of toxic substrates in cellular organelles, causing impaired autophagy. Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is an enzyme that regulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels by breaking it down into adenosine monophosphate (AMP). PDE4 also influences lysosomal function and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In pathological conditions, increased PDE4 activity leads to reduced cAMP levels. In a recent study, researchers investigated the potential of Amlexanox, an anti-inflammatory drug and non-selective PDE4 inhibitor, as a protective agent against lysosomal dysfunction and neuroinflammation, with the goal of preventing neuronal death. The study utilized a pilocarpine-induced epilepsy animal model, where Amlexanox was administered at a dosage of 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally daily following seizures. Brain tissue samples were collected at various time points for analysis. The results of the study were significant, revealing that Amlexanox effectively improved lysosomal function, reduced inflammation, attenuated hippocampal neuronal death, and ameliorated cognitive impairment in the animal model. These promising findings suggest that Amlexanox holds potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of epileptic brain disorders, particularly due to its neuroprotective effects related to lysosomal dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to fully explore the therapeutic benefits of Amlexanox in managing epilepsy and related neurological conditions.