bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasal columella reconstruction using philtrum advancement flap: a case report of treatment of nasal stenosis
Authors: Adamu Auwal , Kirfi Abdullahi Musa , Shofoluwe Nurudeen Adebola , Shuaibu Iliyasu Yunusa , Nwaorgu Onyekwere George B. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Nasal columella reconstruction is a challenging procedure, and the main goal is to maintain function as well as a satisfactory aesthetic outcome. Several surgical techniques have been described for the reconstruction of nasal columella. However, there is a paucity of literature on these techniques in our environment, and the use of superiorly based philtrum advancement flaps is extremely rare in African literature.

Case presentation
A 60-year-old man presented with nasal obstruction and nasal deformity following facial trauma 6 months prior to presentation. Examination revealed bilateral stenosed nasal cavities and a very short columella with a healed nasal scar. The diagnosis of nasal stenosis was made. Intra-operatively, a superiorly based philtrum advancement flap was designed and elevated, granulation tissues in the nasal cavities were excised, the septum was repositioned, the base of the flap was sutured at the midline of the floor of the nose, and the donor site was approximated. A bilateral nasal stent was applied for 4 weeks. Postoperatively, the recipient and donor sites healed completely with an aesthetically acceptable appearance, and the patient was satisfied with the outcome.

Conclusion
Nasal columellar reconstruction is a complex procedure. The superiorly based philtrum advancement flap is a simple and aesthetically acceptable method of treating nasal stenosis. This method demonstrated an adequate nasal airway and a good cosmetic appearance.
Efficacy of low-dose lung radiotherapy in the management of COVID-19 patients: a randomised, open-label study
Authors: Dinakar Kootala , Jakka Mohan Krishna , Vemannagari Pavan Kumar Reddy , Mohan Alladi , Subramanian Bala Venkat , Bodagala Vijayalakshmi Devi , Bhuma Vengamma , Das Pranabandhu , Bonala Sreenivasa Rao , Vutukuru Venkatarami Reddy 
Published: September 2023

Objective
Evaluate role of low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) in COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods
Sixty-five patients 40 years or older tested positive for COVID-19 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with mild to moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), were randomised 1:1, from 4 June 2021, to either best standard of care (control arm) according to the Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines or a single dose of LDRT (LDRT-0.5Gy) to both lungs along with best standard of care (experimental arm). The primary outcome was either progression to severe disease (PaO2/FiO2 ratio &lt;100 mmHg) within 28 days of randomisation or all-cause mortality at 28 days. If the primary outcome could have been prevented, it was considered “favourable”; if not, it was considered “unfavourable.”

Results
Thirty-three patients were allocated to experimental arm, 32 to control arm. An intention to treat analysis was performed. Unfavourable outcome was seen in 5 (15.2%) patients in experimental arm, vs , 12 (37.5%) patients in control arm, odds of an unfavourable outcome in experimental arm were 0.3, 95% CI 0.09–0.97; two-sided p = 0.04. Four and five patients died in experimental and control arm, respectively. No radiation-induced toxicity was observed.

Conclusion
LDRT reduced the number of patients with unfavourable outcome at 28 days.

Advances in knowledge
One of the few randomised studies showing reduced unfavourable outcome in mild to moderate ARDS COVID-19 patients receiving LDRT.
CTRI/2021/06/034001, Clinical Trials Registry - India (ICMR-NIMS)
An MR-based radiomics nomogram including information from the peritumoral region to predict deep myometrial invasion in stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma: a preliminary study
Authors: Yan Bin , Zhao Tingting , Li Zhihao , Ren Jialiang , Zhang Yuchen 
Published: September 2023

Objective: To develop and validate an MR-based radiomics nomogram combining different imaging sequences (ADC mapping and T2 weighted imaging (T2WI)), different tumor regions (combined intra- and peritumoral regions), and different parameters (clinical features, tumor morphological features, and radiomics features) while considering different MR field strengths in predicting deep myometrial invasion (MI) in Stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EEA). Methods: A total of 202 patients were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two cohorts (training cohort, 1.5 T MR, n = 131; validation cohort, 3.0 T MR, n = 71). Axial ADC mapping and T2WI were conducted. Radiomics features were extracted from intra- and peritumoral regions. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were used to select radiomics features and tumor morphological and clinical parameters. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the performance of the prediction model and radiomics nomogram. Results: Ten radiomics features, 4 morphological parameters and 1 clinical characteristic were selected. The radiomics nomogram achieved good discrimination between the superficial and deep MI cohorts. The AUC was 0.927 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.865, 0.967) in the training cohort and 0.921 (95% CI: 0.872, 0.948) in the validation cohort. The specificity and sensitivity were 92.0 and 78.9% in the training cohort and 83.0 and 77.8% in the validation cohort, respectively. Conclusion: The radiomics nomogram showed good performance in predicting the depth of MI in Stage I EEA before surgery and might be useful for surgical patient management. Advances in knowledge: An MR-based radiomics nomogram was useful for predicting deep MI in Stage I EEA patients (AUCtrain = 0.927, AUCvalidation = 0.921). The intra- and peritumoral radiomics features complemented each other. The nomogram was developed and validated with different MR field strengths, suggesting that the model demonstrates good generalizability.
Potential benefits of photon counting detector computed tomography in pediatric imaging
Authors: Horst Kelly K , Yu Lifeng , McCollough Cynthia H , Esquivel Andrea , Thorne Jamison E , Rajiah Prabhakar Shanta , Baffour Francis , Hull Nathan C , Weber Nikkole M , Thacker Paul G , Thomas Kristen B , Binkovitz Larry A , Guerin Julie B , Fletcher Joel G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Photon counting detector (PCD) CT represents the newest advance in CT technology, with improved radiation dose efficiency, increased spatial resolution, inherent spectral imaging capabilities, and the ability to eliminate electronic noise. Its design fundamentally differs from conventional energy integrating detector CT because photons are directly converted to electrical signal in a single step. Rather than converting X-rays to visible light and having an output signal that is a summation of energies, PCD directly counts each photon and records its individual energy information. The current commercially available PCD-CT utilizes a dual-source CT geometry, which allows 66 ms cardiac temporal resolution and high-pitch (up to 3.2) scanning. This can greatly benefit pediatric patients by facilitating high quality fast scanning to allow sedation-free imaging. The energy-resolving nature of the utilized PCDs allows “always-on” dual-energy imaging capabilities, such as the creation of virtual monoenergetic, virtual non-contrast, virtual non-calcium, and other material-specific images. These features may be combined with high-resolution imaging, made possible by the decreased size of individual detector elements and the absence of interelement septa. This work reviews the foundational concepts associated with PCD-CT and presents examples to highlight the benefits of PCD-CT in the pediatric population.
Imaging prediction of KRAS mutation in patients with rectal cancer through deep metric learning using pretreatment [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography
Authors: Wu Kuo-Chen , Chen Shang-Wen , Hsieh Te-Chun , Yen Kuo-Yang , Chang Chao-Jen , Kuo Yu-Chieh , Hsu Yu-Ju , Chang Ruey-Feng , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To predict KRAS mutation in rectal cancer (RC) through computer vision of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) by using metric learning (ML). Methods: This study included 160 patients with RC who had undergone preoperative PET/CT. KRAS mutation was identified through polymerase chain reaction analysis. This model combined ML with the deep-learning framework to analyze PET data with or without CT images. The Batch Balance Wrapper framework and K-fold cross-validation were employed during the learning process. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the model’s predictive performance. Results: Genetic alterations in KRAS were identified in 82 (51%) tumors. Both PET and CT images were used, and the proposed model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.836 for its ability to predict a mutation status. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 75.3%, 79.3%, and 77.5%, respectively. When PET images alone were used, the area under the curve was 0.817, whereas the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 73.2%, 79.6%, and 76.2%, respectively. Conclusions: The ML model presented herein revealed that baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT images could provide supplemental information to determine KRAS mutation in RC. Additional studies are required to maximize the predictive accuracy. Advances in knowledge The results of the ML model presented herein indicate that baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT images could provide supplemental information for determining KRAS mutation in RC. The predictive accuracy of the model was 77.5% when both image types were used and 76.2% when PET images alone were used. Additional studies are required to maximize the predictive accuracy.
Predicting resection margin status of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors on CT: performance of NCCN resectability criteria
Authors: Kim Dong Hwan , Kim Bohyun , Chung Dong Jin , Kim Kyung Ah , Lee Su Lim , Choi Moon Hyung , Kim Hokun , Rha Sung Eun 
Published: September 2023

Objective
To test the performance of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) CT resectability criteria for predicting the surgical margin status of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) and to identify factors associated with margin-positive resection.

Methods
Eighty patients with pre-operative CT and upfront surgery were retrospectively enrolled. Two radiologists assessed the CT resectability (resectable [R], borderline resectable [BR], unresectable [UR]) of the PNET according to NCCN criteria. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with resection margin status. κ statistics were used to evaluate interreader agreements. Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank test was used to estimate and compare recurrence-free survival (RFS).

Results
Forty-five patients (56.2%) received R0 resection and 35 (43.8%) received R1 or R2 resection. R0 resection rates were 63.6–64.2%, 20.0–33.3%, and 0% for R, BR, and UR diseases, respectively (all p ≤ 0.002), with a good interreader agreement (κ, 0.74). Tumor size (&lt;2 cm, 2–4 cm, and &gt;4 cm; odds ratio (OR), 9.042–18.110; all p ≤ 0.007) and NCCN BR/UR diseases (OR, 5.918; p = 0.032) were predictors for R1 or R2 resection. The R0 resection rate was 91.7% for R disease &lt;2 cm and decreased for larger R disease. R0 resection and smaller tumor size in R disease improved RFS.

Conclusion
NCCN resectability criteria can stratify patients with PNET into distinct groups of R0 resectability. Adding tumor size to R disease substantially improves the prediction of R0 resection, especially for PNETs &lt;2 cm.

Advances in knowledge:
Tumor size and radiologic resectability independently predicted margin status of PNETs.
Medical imaging applied to heritage
Authors: Gibson Adam P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The use of imaging has transformed the study of cultural heritage artefacts in the same way that medical imaging has transformed medicine. X-ray-based techniques are common in both medical and heritage imaging. Optical imaging, including scientific photography and spectral imaging techniques, is also common in both domains. Some common medical imaging methods such as ultrasound and MRI have not yet found routine application in heritage, whereas other methods such as imaging with charged and uncharged particles and 3D surface imaging are more common in heritage. Here, we review the field of heritage imaging from the point of view of medical imaging and include some classic challenges of heritage imaging such as reading the text on burnt scrolls, identifying underdrawings in paintings, and CT scanning of mummies, an ancient calculating device and sealed documents. We show how hyperspectral imaging can offer insight into the drawing techniques of Leonardo da Vinci and explain how laparoscopy has identified the method of construction of a 500-year-old pop-up anatomical text book.
Pandemic Pedagogy: Perception of Nursing students’: A cross-sectional study
Authors: D'Souza Prima Jenevive Jyothi , Assariparambil Anil Raj , Muthamilselvi G , Joseph Veena M , George Linu Sara 
Published: September 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic impacted across the globe disrupting all sectors including the higher education universities. Nursing institutions faced various challenges due to the pandemic restrictions, of which the abrupt shift of implementing the curriculum to online mode posed a major challenge to both the teachers and the students. To assess nursing students' perception of pandemic pedagogy and the challenges faced in remote teaching-learning, this cross-sectional survey was conducted among 982 undergraduate nursing students from three Deemed to be University nursing institutions of Southern India. Institutional Ethics Committee approval (IEC 444/2020), permission from the heads of the institutions and study participant’s consent was obtained. Data was collected using an online survey questionnaire which had three domains, including student-related (19 items), teacher-related(5 items), and physical learning environment-related factors (11 items). The reliability was established using Cronbach’s Alpha (0.86). Explored the favouring, hindering factors and challenges faced during the emergency remote instruction with open-ended items. The overall mean score of perceptions on pandemic pedagogy was 89.03±10.03. Sixty-three percent of students had a total perception score above 87 which indicates that they preferred remote learning (synchronous) during the pandemic whereas 45% preferred face-to-face classes. There was a significant difference in the total perception scores and the years of study( F (3, 978) = 4.96, p = 0.002). The factors favouring remote learning were, an opportunity to view the recorded classes even after the live classes’ (n=165), and ‘more time to spend for learning activities’ (n=152). Factors that hindered the learning or the challenges faced were poor network connectivity (n=451), and lack of opportunity for group study (n=326). Students favoured remote learning during the pandemic; however, there were several challenges. The educational institutions need to prepare themselves to overcome this and focus on a blended learning curriculum.
Arterial blood analysis of healthy residents in Huamachuco, Peru (3,164 m): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bardales-Zuta Victor H. , Fernández-Rodríguez Lissett J. , Romero-Goicochea Cecilia 
Published: September 2023

Background: Given that arterial blood gas is affected by altitude and ethnicity, establishing reliable reference standards for these values requires analysis of arterial blood at different elevations and locations. Our objective was to measure the arterial blood gases of healthy young volunteers in Huamachuco, Peru, at 3,164 m above sea level. This is likely the first study of arterial blood gas analysis of healthy Northern Peruvians living at high altitude. Methods: Healthy residents of Huamachuco were recruited for this cross-sectional convenience sample study and arterial blood was drawn by standard procedures. People with obesity, diabetes, high levels of physical activity and a history of using selected substances were excluded. The samples were analyzed on-site in less than 15 minutes using a Stat Profile Prime CCS analyzer (Nova Biomedical). Results: Data from 46 participants (17 male, 29 female) were included in the study. The median values for arterial blood pH, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ionized calcium, glucose, lactate, hematocrit, oxygen saturation, and bicarbonate were 7.42, 9.3 kPa (70 mmHg), 4.5 kPa (33.5 mmHg), 1.04 mM, 5.19 mM, 1.8 mM, 50 %, 94 %, and 21.6 mM, respectively. We also found a lower prevalence of diabetes among highlanders compared to the Peruvian population. Conclusions: The results determined here were comparable to other results determined at different altitudes in the Americas, although arterial blood oxygen was slightly higher than predicted. These results suggest a pattern of adaptations similar to those seen among Andean high-altitude natives.
Access to health services and its influence on adherence to treatment of arterial hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Hospital in Callao, Peru: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rivera-Lozada Oriana , Rivera-Lozada Isabel Cristina , Bonilla-Asalde Cesar Antonio 
Published: September 2023

Background: Access to health services compromises therapeutic adherence in patients with arterial hypertension (HTN), which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of access to health services on adherence to antihypertensive treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We included a cross-sectional analytical study. A survey was applied to 241 hypertensive patients at the Daniel Alcides Carrión Hospital, Callao-Peru. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Absolute and relative frequencies were reported and the chi-square test was applied with a statistical significance level of p<0.05. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using the Stepwise method. Results: Our results show that non-adherence to treatment is associated with health expenses (ORa: 1.9 CI 95% 1.7-2.2), not receiving care due to lack of a doctor (ORa: 2.8 CI 95% 1.5-3.2), having difficulty with schedules (ORa: 3.7 CI 95% 2. 3-5.5), fear of receiving care at the hospital (ORa: 4.5 CI 95 % 2.7-6.8), trust in health personnel (ORa: 7.5 CI 95% 2.3-10.5) and considering that the physician does not have enough knowledge (ORa: 3.1 CI 95% 2.4-7.8). Conclusion: Therapeutic adherence was associated with physician availability for care, difficulty with schedules, fear of being seen in the hospital, trust in health personnel, and waiting time.
A Unified Theory of Robust and Distributionally Robust Optimization via the Primal-Worst-Equals-Dual-Best Principle
Authors: Zhen Jianzhe , Kuhn Daniel , Wiesemann Wolfram 
Published: September 2023

A Primal-Worst-Equals-Dual-Best Perspective on Robust and Distributionally Robust Optimization In the paper “A Unified Theory of Robust and Distributionally Robust Optimization via the Primal-Worst-Equals-Dual-Best Principle,” Jianzhe Zhen, Daniel Kuhn, and Wolfram Wiesemann develop a generalized “primal-worst-equals-dual-best” principle that establishes strong duality between semi-infinite primal worst and nonconvex dual best formulations of robust and distributionally robust nonlinear optimization problems. Their theory offers an alternative characterization of (distributionally) robust optimization problems that bypasses the need to mobilize the machinery of abstract semi-infinite duality theory. The paper will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of optimization under uncertainty.
Measurement of the thickness and refractive index of a thin film by analyzing reflected interference fringes
Authors: Kim Deok Woo , Kwon Minjae , Park Soobong , Kim Byoung Joo , Cha Myoungsik 
Published: September 2023

We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method to estimate the thickness and refractive index of a thin film by analyzing the reflectance as a function of the incidence angle. In most cases, interference fringes cannot be obtained from a film within a practical angular range unless it is much thicker than the wavelength. This problem was solved by adopting a high-index material as the medium of incidence, in which case several cycles of interference fringes were observed within a small range of incidence angles near the critical angle, allowing a fringe analysis. Consequently, the thicknesses, as well as the refractive indices of dielectric thin films, could be estimated. Our proposed method gave uncertainties of 20 nm and 0.0004 for the thickness and refractive index measurements, respectively.
A holistic study of the systems V0487 Lac, V0566 Hya, and V0666 Lac
Authors: Alenazi Moqbil S. , Elkhateeb Magdy M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive photometric study and evolutionary state for the systems V0487 Lac, V0566 Hya, and V0666 Lac were carried out by means of their first photometric observations. New times of minima were estimated from the observed light curves, and first (O–C) curves were established for all systems. The radiative treatment was carried out using a Windows interface version of the Wilson and Devinney programme (W–D). The adopted models provide some absolute characteristics for the systems under study, which are used to determine the spectral type of the system’s constituents and their evolutionary stage. Distances to each system were calculated, and physical properties were estimated. All system components, with the exception of the secondary component of the system V0487 Lac, showed good fit when the systems were positioned on the theoretical mass–luminosity and mass–radius relations.
Two Types of Neo-Kantianism. The Case of W. E. B. Du Bois’s and Alain L. Locke’s Race Theories
Authors: Cisternino Massimo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The paper uses the Neo-Kantian distinction between Natural and Human sciences and its methodological implications to navigate W. E. B. Du Bois’s and Alain L. Locke’s theories of race. In tracing a continuity between these two figures, the paper also shows how their respective reliance on Neo-Kantian categories leads them to different results. The goal is to show how, while Du Bois’s Neo-Kantianism is best understood as a Diltheyan Neo-Kantianism of the psycho-physical unity of human nature influenced by an anti-metaphysical orientation, Locke’s Neo-Kantianism can be seen as a Neo-Kantianism whose focus is the rejection of causality and of the causal nexus between biological and non-biological traits.