bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Table Fluctuations Control Nitrate and Ammonium Fate in Coastal Aquifers
Authors: Roumelis Christian , Willert Fabian , Scaccia Maria , Welch Susan , Gabor Rachel , Carrera Jesús , Folch Albert , Salgot Miquel , Sawyer Audrey H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCoastal aquifers experience water table fluctuations that push and pull water and air through organic‐rich soils. This exchange affects the supply of oxygen, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and nitrogen (N) to shallow aquifers and influences groundwater quality. To investigate the fate of N species, we used a meter‐long column containing a sequence of natural organic topsoil and aquifer sediments. A fluctuating head was imposed at the column bottom with local, nitrate‐rich groundwater (16.5 mg/L NO3‐N). We monitored in‐situ redox potential and collected pore water samples for analysis of inorganic N species and DOC over 16 days. Reactive processes were more complex than anticipated. The organic‐rich topsoil remained anaerobic, while mineral sediments beneath alternated between aerobic, when the water table dropped and sucked air across preferential flow paths, and anaerobic conditions, when the water table was high. A fluid flow and reactive transport model shows that when the water table rises into organic‐rich soils, it limits the flow of oxygen, while the soils release DOC, which stimulates the removal of nitrate from groundwater by denitrification. At the end of the experiment, we introduced seawater to the column to mimic a storm surge. Seawater mobilized N and DOC from shallow soil horizons, which could reach the aquifer if the surge is long enough. These processes are relevant for groundwater quality in developed coastal areas with anthropogenic N sources, as climate change and rising seas will drive changes in water table and flood dynamics.
Phase-dependent Hanbury-Brown and Twiss effect for the complete measurement of the complex coherence function
Authors: Tang Xuan , Zhang Yunxiao , Guo Xueshi , Cui Liang , Li Xiaoying , Ou Z. Y. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) effect is the foundation for stellar intensity interferometry. However, it is a phase insensitive two-photon interference effect. Here we extend the HBT interferometer by mixing intensity-matched reference fields with the input fields before intensity correlation measurement. With the freely available coherent state serving as the reference field, we experimentally demonstrate the phase sensitive two-photon interference effect when the input fields are thermal fields in either continuous wave or non-stationary pulsed wave and measure the complete complex second-order coherence function of the input fields without bringing them together from separate locations. Moreover, we discuss how to improve the signal level by using the more realistic continuous wave broadband anti-bunched light fields as the reference field. Our investigations pave the way for developing new technology of remote sensing and interferometric imaging with applications in long baseline high-resolution astronomy.
Large-scale high uniform optoelectronic synapses array for artificial visual neural network
Authors: Zhang Fanqing , Li Chunyang , Chen Zhicheng , Tan Haiqiu , Li Zhongyi , Lv Chengzhai , Xiao Shuai , Wu Lining , Zhao Jing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recently, the biologically inspired intelligent artificial visual neural system has aroused enormous interest. However, there are still significant obstacles in pursuing large-scale parallel and efficient visual memory and recognition. In this study, we demonstrate a 28 × 28 synaptic devices array for the artificial visual neuromorphic system, within the size of 0.7 × 0.7 cm2, which integrates sensing, memory, and processing functions. The highly uniform floating-gate synaptic transistors array were constructed by the wafer-scale grown monolayer molybdenum disulfide with Au nanoparticles (NPs) acting as the electrons capture layers. Various synaptic plasticity behaviors have been achieved owing to the switchable electronic storage performance. The excellent optical/electrical coordination capabilities were implemented by paralleled processing both the optical and electrical signals the synaptic array of 784 devices, enabling to realize the badges and letters writing and erasing process. Finally, the established artificial visual convolutional neural network (CNN) through optical/electrical signal modulation can reach the high digit recognition accuracy of 96.5%. Therefore, our results provide a feasible route for future large-scale integrated artificial visual neuromorphic system.
Differential bone and vessel type formation at superior and dura periosteum during cranial bone defect repair
Authors: Zhai Yuankun , Zhou Zhuang , Xing Xiaojie , Nuzzle Mark , Zhang Xinping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The cranial mesenchyme, originating from both neural crest and mesoderm, imparts remarkable regional specificity and complexity to postnatal calvarial tissue. While the distinct embryonic origins of the superior and dura periosteum of the cranial parietal bone have been described, the extent of their respective contributions to bone and vessel formation during adult bone defect repair remains superficially explored. Utilizing transgenic mouse models in conjunction with high-resolution multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM), we have separately evaluated bone and vessel formation in the superior and dura periosteum before and after injury, as well as following intermittent treatment of recombinant peptide of human parathyroid hormone (rhPTH), Teriparatide. Our results show that new bone formation along the dura surface is three times greater than that along the superior periosteal surface following injury, regardless of Teriparatide treatment. Targeted deletion of PTH receptor PTH1R via SMA-CreER and Col 1a (2.3)-CreER results in selective reduction of bone formation, suggesting different progenitor cell pools in the adult superior and dura periosteum. Consistently, analyses of microvasculature show higher vessel density and better organized arterial-venous vessel network associated with a 10-fold more osteoblast clusters at dura periosteum as compared to superior periosteum. Intermittent rhPTH treatment further enhances the arterial vessel ratio at dura periosteum and type H vessel formation in cortical bone marrow space. Taken together, our study demonstrates a site-dependent coordinated osteogenic and angiogenic response, which is determined by regional osteogenic progenitor pool as well as the coupling blood vessel network at the site of cranial defect repair.
Artificial intelligence in clinical genetics
Authors: Duong Dat , Solomon Benjamin D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has been growing more powerful and accessible, and will increasingly impact many areas, including virtually all aspects of medicine and biomedical research. This review focuses on previous, current, and especially emerging applications of AI in clinical genetics. Topics covered include a brief explanation of different general categories of AI, including machine learning, deep learning, and generative AI. After introductory explanations and examples, the review discusses AI in clinical genetics in three main categories: clinical diagnostics; management and therapeutics; clinical support. The review concludes with short, medium, and long-term predictions about the ways that AI may affect the field of clinical genetics. Overall, while the precise speed at which AI will continue to change clinical genetics is unclear, as are the overall ramifications for patients, families, clinicians, researchers, and others, it is likely that AI will result in dramatic evolution in clinical genetics. It will be important for all those involved in clinical genetics to prepare accordingly in order to minimize the risks and maximize benefits related to the use of AI in the field.
Differential roles of human CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells in controlling self-reactive immune responses
Authors: Chen Xin , Ghanizada Mustafa , Mallajosyula Vamsee , Sola Elsa , Capasso Robson , Kathuria Karan Raj , Davis Mark M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Here we analyzed the relative contributions of CD4+ regulatory T cells expressing Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) and CD8+ regulatory T cells expressing killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors to the control of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes in human tonsil-derived immune organoids. FOXP3 and GZMB respectively encode proteins FOXP3 and granzyme B, which are critical to the suppressive functions of CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells. Using CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing, we were able to achieve a reduction of ~90–95% in the expression of these genes. FOXP3 knockout in tonsil T cells led to production of antibodies against a variety of autoantigens and increased the affinity of influenza-specific antibodies. By contrast, GZMB knockout resulted in an increase in follicular helper T cells, consistent with the ablation of CD8+ regulatory T cells observed in mouse models, and a marked expansion of autoreactive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. These findings highlight the distinct yet complementary roles of CD8+ and CD4+ regulatory T cells in regulating cellular and humoral responses to prevent autoimmunity.
TOM500: A Multi-Organ Annotated Orbital MRI Dataset for Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Chan Hoi Chi , Xu Jiashuo , Jiang Mengda , Tao Xiaofeng , Zhou Huifang , Song Xuefei , Fan Xianqun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study presents TOM500, a comprehensive multi-organ annotated orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dataset. It includes clinical data, T2-weighted MRI scans, and corresponding segmentations from 500 patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) during their initial visit. TED is a common autoimmune disorder with distinct orbital MRI features. Segmentations of nine orbital structures, including the optic nerve, orbital fat, lacrimal gland, eyeball, and five extraocular muscles (superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris complex, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, and superior oblique), were generated by three junior annotators and reviewed by an expert radiologist. The consistency of the segmentations was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Clinical data, including sex, age, disease duration, and smoking status, are also provided for disease diagnosis and classification. TOM500, the largest publicly available orbital MRI dataset with expert annotations, is designed to facilitate the development of advanced computational tools for TED diagnosis, classification, and observation.
Dietary intake and risk assessment of nitrosamine in processed meat products among medical staff during their night shift
Authors: Tayel Dalia Ibrahim , Farrag Noorhan K. , Aborhyem Samar Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study aims to evaluate the levels of nitrosamine, a known carcinogenic compound, in processed meat products and to assess its dietary intake and margin of exposure among medical staff, including physicians, pharmacists, and nurses working night shifts at Alexandria University Hospitals. Additionally, the study seeks to evaluate the participants’ knowledge of dietary sources and regulatory limits of carcinogens. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 420 participants. Results showed that hotdogs contained the highest nitrosamine levels (159.24 ± 87.99 µg/g) with a consumption pattern of 0.02126 µg/kg BW/day. In contrast, sausages and burgers had the lowest nitrosamine content (2.36 µg/g and 2.37 µg/g, respectively). Luncheon meat also exhibited low nitrosamine levels and consumption patterns, at 18.53 µg/g and 0.00141 µg/kg BW/day, respectively. The Margin of Exposure (MOE) was calculated to assess risk, with a Benchmark Dose Lower Confidence Limit (BMDL)10 value of 29 µg/kg BW/day as the reference point. MOE values ≥ 17,000, derived for nitrosamine exposure in this study, indicate a low level of concern for carcinogenic risk. A statistically significant difference in dietary nitrosamine intake was observed across different professions among the medical staff (p < 0.001).
Blood cancer prediction model based on deep learning technique
Authors: Shehta Amr I. , Nasr Mona , El Ghazali Alaa El Din M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Blood cancer is among the critical health concerns among people around the world and normally emanates from genetic and environmental issues. Early detection becomes essential, as the rate of death associated with it is high, to ensure that the rate of treatment success is up, and mortality reduced. This paper focuses on improving blood cancer diagnosis using advanced deep learning techniques like ResNetRS50, RegNetX016, AlexNet, Convnext, EfficientNet, Inception_V3, Xception, and VGG19. Among the models assessed, ResNetRS50 had better accuracy and speed with minimal error rates compared with other state-of-the-arts. This work will exploit the power of ResNetRS50 in contributing to early detection and reducing bad outcomes for blood cancer patients. Blood cancer is currently one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, resulting from a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors. It stands as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both developed and developing nations. Early detection of cancer is pivotal in reducing mortality rates, as it increases the likelihood of successful treatment and potential cure. The objective is to decrease mortality rates through early diagnosis of blood cancer, thus offering individuals a better chance of survival from this disease.
A kurtosis-ESPRIT algorithm for RealTime stability assessment in droop controlled microgrids
Authors: Osama Adham , El-Hamalawy Abdallah F. , Ammar Mohammed E. , AbdelAty Amr M. , Zeineldin Hatem H. , EL-Fouly Tarek H. M. , El-Saadany Ehab F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although detailed analytical models for droop-controlled microgrids are available, they are computationally complex and do not consider real-time variations in microgrid parameters and operating conditions. This paper proposes Kurtosis-Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique (ESPRIT) to identify the dominant modes in droop-controlled inverter-based microgrids (IBMGs) using local real-time measurements. In the proposed approach, a short-duration small disturbance is applied to the selected DG’s active power droop gain, and then, the system’s dominant modes are estimated from its local measurements. Additionally, a kurtosis measure is proposed as a quick measure to assess the estimation signal’s characteristics and evaluate the presence and prominence of significant modes within the signal. The effectiveness of the developed approach is validated via MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations. Four case studies were conducted to verify the robustness of the proposed algorithm as follows: under different values of active power droop gains, several variations of lines’ X/R ratios, various levels of noise, and under large load changes and topological disturbances. Besides, a controller-in-the-loop (CIL) experiment was conducted using OPAL-RT to provide a real-time validation of the results. The modes obtained from the proposed algorithm are validated against the analytically derived modes and the estimation accuracy is compared to the recent methods: Prony, Matrix Pencil, and Subspace Identification techniques. Results show higher estimation accuracy for the proposed approach with a robust performance in noisy environments, across varying load conditions, and under different network configurations.
Study of blood flow patterns in a stenosed artery through the combined effect of body acceleration and generalized womersley solution
Authors: Udupa Mahesh C. , Saha Sunanda , Natarajan Sekarapandian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stenosis causes the narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup, which impedes blood flow and affects flow dynamics. This work numerically analyzes flow fluctuations in stenosed arteries under realistic physiological conditions (resting and exercise) and external body acceleration. The artery is inclined at angle

$$\Theta$$

Θ

, and blood rheology is modeled using a generalized power-law fluid. A modified two-dimensional SIMPLE pressure-correction-based numerical solver with orthogonal coordinate transformation simulates blood flow. A generalized Womersley solution is imposed at the inlet. We validate the solver and perform simulations to assess the influence of geometric and flow parameters, analyzing time-averaged and phase-averaged data. We investigate the correlation between hyperviscosity and physiological conditions, finding that exercise increases recirculation downstream of the stenosis. We also study the impact of transitioning between resting and exercise conditions, noting that the transition rate correlates with stenosis development, indicating potential complications.
Speech Production of Mandarin Lexical Tones Among Canadian Elementary Students Enrolled in Mandarin–English Bilingual Schools
Authors: Lin Youran , Pollock Karen E. , Li Fangfang 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
This study investigates how Mandarin–English bilingual students in Canada produce Mandarin tones and how this is influenced by factors such as tone complexity, cross-linguistic influences, and speech input.

Method:
Participants were 82 students enrolled in a Chinese bilingual program in Western Canada. Students were recruited from Grades 1, 3, and 5 and divided into two groups based on their home language backgrounds: The heritage language group had early and strong input in Mandarin, and the second language (L2) group received mostly English input at home. Single-word tone productions were audio-recorded and transcribed by Mandarin-native listeners for match (accuracy) and pattern analyses. Acoustic measurements were extracted to provide phonetic details.

Results:
First, Tone3 (dipping tone) was challenging across groups due to its complexity. Second, L2 students' productions were more influenced by English as a nontonal language and showed signs of categorical confusion. Third, increased tone match rates were related to both home input and school input, but bilingual students did not reach more than 90% of match rates in Grade 5. Instead, L2 students produced phonetic features less accurately in higher grades. This was attributed to reduced pronunciation instruction and limited home input.

Conclusions:
Bilingual students' speech development in a minority language indicates unique influences of home and school input but also the universal influences of tone complexity. This study provides evidence for bilingual speech theories in the suprasegmental domain and has implications for the pedagogy of a minority language in the context of bilingual education.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28098206
Effects of Recording Condition and Number of Monitored Days on the Discriminative Power of the Daily Phonotrauma Index
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Hamzeh , Hillman Robert E. , Van Stan Jarrad H. , Mehta Daryush D. 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
The Daily Phonotrauma Index (DPI) can quantify pathophysiological mechanisms associated with daily voice use in individuals with phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction (PVH). Since DPI was developed based on weeklong ambulatory voice monitoring, this study investigated if DPI can achieve comparable performance using (a) short laboratory speech tasks and (b) fewer than 7 days of ambulatory data.

Method:
An ambulatory voice monitoring system recorded the vocal function/behavior of 134 females with PVH and vocally healthy matched controls in two different conditions. In the laboratory, the participants read the first paragraph of the Rainbow Passage and produced spontaneous speech (in-lab data). They were then monitored for 7 days (in-field data). Separate DPI models were trained from the in-lab and in-field data using the standard deviation of the difference between the magnitude of the first two harmonics (H1–H2) and the skewness of neck-surface acceleration magnitude. First, 10-fold cross-validation evaluated the classification performance of the in-lab and in-field DPIs. Second, the effect of the number of ambulatory monitoring days on the accuracy of in-field DPI classification was quantified.

Results:

The average in-lab DPI accuracy computed from the Rainbow Passage and spontaneous speech were 57.9% and 48.9%, respectively, which are close to chance performance. The average classification accuracy of the in-field DPI was significantly higher with a very large effect size (73.4%, Cohen's
d
= 1.8). Next, the average in-field DPI accuracy increased from 66.5% for 1 day to 75.0% for 7 days, with the gain of including an additional day on accuracy dropping below 1 percentage point after 4 days.

Conclusions:
The DPI requires ambulatory monitoring data as its discriminative power diminished significantly once computed from short in-lab recordings. Additionally, ambulatory monitoring should sample multiple days to achieve robust performance. The result of this research note can be used to make an informed decision about the trade-off between classification accuracy and cost of data collection.
Audiologists' Awareness and Use of Resilience-Building Strategies
Authors: O'Brien Julia , Emanuel Diana C. , Brewer Katherine , Imtiaz Faizan 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Audiologists face occupational stressors that put them at risk for burnout, which can impact personal well-being and lead to poor patient care. Resilience building can mitigate the impact of occupational stressors. The purpose of this study was to explore audiologists' awareness and use of various resilience-building strategies.

Method:
In this qualitative study, 12 audiologists completed a virtual interview focused on occupational stressors and resilience building.

Results:
Five of the 12 participants (42%) stated they understood the term “resilience building” when queried at the start of the interview. When provided with clarification, many limited their commentary to specific examples provided by the interviewer, without expanding their responses to more diverse resilience-building strategies. Participants described the ways they used strategies proactively to mitigate the long-term impact of stress (sleep, exercise, boundaries) and reactively for managing acute stress (psychotherapy), with some strategies used both proactively and reactively across participants (connections, mindfulness/meditation).

Conclusions:
All participants described using at least one strategy to combat occupational stressors, but there did not appear to be a clear understanding of the holistic nature of resilience building or an overall strategy to apply diverse strategies to build resilience. Barriers to the use of resilience-building strategies included exhaustion, lack of time, and motivation. Gaps in awareness and application suggest audiologists may benefit from education on resilience building as a holistic approach to combating occupational stress and decreasing burnout.