bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome sequencing leads to an improved understanding of the infection mechanism of Alternaria solani in potato
Authors: Jiang Jia , Guo Xuhao , Tan Huanhuan , Ding Mingya , Liu Fangming , Yang Zhihui , Zhu Jiehua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Alternaria solani (A. solani), the main pathogen of potato early blight, causes serious yield reductions every year. The application of fungicides is the most common and effective method of controlling Alternaria-caused diseases. The differentially expressed transcripts of A. solani infecting potato were identified, revealing a group of valuable candidate genes for a systematic analysis to increase the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of A. solani, and providing scientific data for formulating additional measures to prevent and control potato early blight. In this study, a deep RNA-sequencing approach was applied to gain insights into A. solani pathogenesis. At 3, 4, and 5 days post inoculation (dpi), RNA samples from the susceptible potato cultivar Favorita infected with A. solani strain HWC-168, were sequenced and utilized for transcriptome analysis, and compared to the transcriptome obtained 0 dpi.

Results
A total of 4430 (2167 upregulated, 2263 downregulated), 4736 (2312 upregulated, 2424 downregulated), and 5043 (2411 upregulated, 2632 downregulated) genes were differentially expressed 3, 4 and 5 dpi, respectively, compared with genes analysed at 0 dpi. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that genes involved in the pathways of amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and enzyme activity were significantly differentially expressed at the late infection stage. Correspondingly, symptoms developed rapidly during the late stage of A. solani infection. In addition, a short time-series expression miner (STEM) assay was performed to analyse the gene expression patterns of A. solani and Profile 17 and 19 showed significant change trends 3, 4 and 5 dpi. Both profiles, but especially Profile 17, included enzymes, including transferases, oxidoreductases, hydrolases and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZYmes), which may play important roles in late fungal infection. Furthermore, possible candidate effectors were identified through the adopted pipelines, with 137 differentially expressed small secreted proteins identified, including some enzymes and proteins with unknown functions.

Conclusions
Collectively, the data presented in this study show that amino acid metabolism, and glucose metabolism pathways, and specific pathway-related enzymes may be key putative pathogenic factors, and play important roles in late stage A. solani infection. These results contribute to a broader base of knowledge of A. solani pathogenesis in potato, as indicated by the transcriptional level analysis, and provide clues for determining the effectors of A. solani infection.
Analyzing the queuing theory at the emergency department at King Hussein cancer center
Authors: Qandeel Mahmoud Salameh , Al-Qudah Islam Khaleel , Nayfeh Riyad , Aryan Haitham , Ajaj Omar , Alkhatib Hisham , Hamdan Yousef 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study was conducted in 2022 at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) to analyze the queuing theory approach at the Emergency Department (ED) to estimate patients’ wait times and predict the accuracy of the queuing theory approach.

Methods
According to the statistics, the peak months were July and August, with peak hours from 10 a.m. until 6 p.m. The study sample was a week in July 2022, during the peak days and hours. This study measured patients’ wait times at these three stations: the health informatics desk, triage room, and emergency bed area.

Results
The average number of patients in line at the health informatics desk was not more than 3, and the waiting time was between 1 and 4 min. Since patients were receiving the service immediately in the triage room, there was no waiting time or line because the nurse’s role ended after taking the vital signs and rating the patient’s disease acuity. Using equations of queuing theory and other relativistic equations in the emergency bed area gave different results. The queuing theory approach showed that the average residence time in the system was between 4 and 10 min.

Conclusions
Conversely, relativistic equations (ratios of served patients and departed patients and other related variables) demonstrated that the average residence time was between 21 and 36 min.
Associations between parenthood and dementia in men and women: biology or confounding?
Authors: Basit Saima , Wohlfahrt Jan , Boyd Heather A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
High parity and extremes of age at first birth have been linked with increased dementia risk in women, with exposure to pregnancy-associated physiological changes proposed as an explanation. However, confounding by socioeconomic and lifestyle factors could also produce such associations, whereby men would share similar patterns of association. We investigated whether these associations hold for both sexes.

Methods
In a cohort study including all women (N = 2,222,638) and men (N = 2,141,002) ≥ 40 years of age in 1994–2017 in Denmark, we used Cox regression to evaluate associations between number of children, age at first birth, and dementia risk separately for women and men.

Results
During follow-up, 81,413 women and 53,568 men (median age at diagnosis, 83.3 and 80.3 years, respectively) developed dementia. Compared with having one child, having two or more children was associated with modest decreases in overall dementia risk in both sexes (hazard ratio [HR] range 0.82–0.91, Pdifference men vs. women = 0.07). Although the associations between childlessness and overall dementia risk differed statistically for men and women, the association magnitudes differed only slightly (HRmen 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.06; HRwomen 0.99, 95% CI 0.97–1.01; P = 0.002). Associations between age at becoming a parent and overall dementia were also similar for women and men, with the exception of older (≥ 40 years) first-time parents (HRmen 1.00, 95% CI 0.96–1.05; HRwomen 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.98; P = 0.01). With few exceptions, sub-analyses by dementia subtype and timing of onset also revealed similar patterns and effect magnitudes for women and men.

Conclusions
Associations between number of children, age at becoming a parent, and dementia risk were similar for both sexes. Lifestyle and socioeconomic factors are more likely to explain the observed associations than normal pregnancy-related physiological changes.
The obstetric and gynecological service providers’ and recipients’ perception and experience of the quality of obstetric triage services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran
Authors: Yazdimoghaddam Hamideh , Sadrzadeh Sayyed Majid , Karimi Fatemeh Zahra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Enhancing the quality of obstetric triage services requires a clear perception of the current situations and problems, this issue gained more importance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to explore the obstetric and gynecological service providers’ and recipients’ perception and experience of the quality of obstetric triage services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This research was a qualitative study carried out using conventional content analysis. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data collection was conducted using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using MAXQDA software and conventional content analysis. Validity of the data was approved based on four criteria: credibility, dependability, conformability and transferability.

Results
Five themes emerged through analysis: “unpreparedness to deal with the COVID-19 resulting in disorganized triage”, “threat to the physical and mental health of personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic”, “degradation of the quality of services due to improper triage structure during the COVID-19 pandemic”, “communicating with patients which is neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic” and finally “accountability required to improve the provision of services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Obstetrics and gynecology service providers and recipients faced formidable challenges in the triage department during this pandemic caused by the complex and ambiguous nature of the Coronavirus. Identifying the problems, barriers and challenges in providing services to patients in this situation especially in triage, can lead to an improvement in the outcome of services.
A study on the quality evaluation index system of smart home care for older adults in the community ——based on Delphi and AHP
Authors: Chen Huaxiao , Zhang Yuwei , Wang Li 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
In the context of the “silver wave” and “technology wave”, smart home care for older adults in the community provide new ways for China and other countries to support ageing in place. Yet, only very few studies have focused on developing a quality index system of smart care. This study attempted to draw on the SERVQUAL model to establish a quality evaluation index system for smart senior care for older adults in the community.

Methods
On the basis of the service quality model, this paper has integrated qualitative and quantitative analyses using the Delphi and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods to construct the index system of smart home care in the community and obtain the weights. These were based on literature research and field interviews in Guangzhou and Shenzhen pilot districts.

Results
A quality evaluation indexes system of smart home care for older adults in the community was developed, with 5 primary indices and 33 secondary indices. The weights of the 5 stair indices from high to low were smart emergency assistance 0.332, smart meal assistance 0.272, smart medical assistance 0.229, smart cleaning assistance 0.110 and smart amusement assistance 0.057.

Conclusion
The results from the weight allocation revealed smart emergency assistance, smart meal assistance, and smart medical care assistance were the most important and crucial aspects of community-based smart home care. The study also suggested that “timeliness”, “reliability”, and “ease of use” should be given more attention. It is recommended to use this index system as a regulatory benchmark to guide the government bodies, senior care enterprises and communities to take measures to enhance the quality.
Personalized hypertension treatment recommendations by a data-driven model
Authors: Hu Yang , Huerta Jasmine , Cordella Nicholas , Mishuris Rebecca G. , Paschalidis Ioannis Ch. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular disease with severe longer-term implications. Conventional management based on clinical guidelines does not facilitate personalized treatment that accounts for a richer set of patient characteristics.MethodsRecords from 1/1/2012 to 1/1/2020 at the Boston Medical Center were used, selecting patients with either a hypertension diagnosis or meeting diagnostic criteria (≥ 130 mmHg systolic or ≥ 90 mmHg diastolic, n = 42,752). Models were developed to recommend a class of antihypertensive medications for each patient based on their characteristics. Regression immunized against outliers was combined with a nearest neighbor approach to associate with each patient an affinity group of other patients. This group was then used to make predictions of future Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) under each prescription type. For each patient, we leveraged these predictions to select the class of medication that minimized their future predicted SBP.ResultsThe proposed model, built with a distributionally robust learning procedure, leads to a reduction of 14.28 mmHg in SBP, on average. This reduction is 70.30% larger than the reduction achieved by the standard-of-care and 7.08% better than the corresponding reduction achieved by the 2nd best model which uses ordinary least squares regression. All derived models outperform following the previous prescription or the current ground truth prescription in the record. We randomly sampled and manually reviewed 350 patient records; 87.71% of these model-generated prescription recommendations passed a sanity check by clinicians.ConclusionOur data-driven approach for personalized hypertension treatment yielded significant improvement compared to the standard-of-care. The model implied potential benefits of computationally deprescribing and can support situations with clinical equipoise.
Nurses’ perceptions of critically ill patients’ eye care: a qualitative study in Iran
Authors: Mahani Maryam Askaryzadeh , Farokhzadian Jamileh , Bahramnezhad Fatemeh , Nematollahi Monirsadat 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite the high prevalence of ocular complications in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), eye care, as an important component of the care plan, has not received much attention from nurses. To improve the quality of eye care, the challenges and concerns of ICU nurses should be studied deeply. Thus, the present study aimed at exploring the challenges faced by ICU nurses in taking care of patients admitted to the ICU.

Methods
The present conventional qualitative content analysis study was carried out on 11 nurses and 3 head nurses selected purposefully by observing the maximum variation. The data were collected through face-to-face, in-depth, and semi-structured interviews. All data were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the conventional content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman (Nurse Educ Today 24:105–12, 2004). The Max Q Data software 2020 was run to record the interviews and extract codes from the transcriptions.

Results
The participants’ mean age was 37.14 ± 6.41 years and their average work experience in ICU was 10.29 ± 7.63 years. The core category that emerged from data analysis was “the lack of an evidence-based approach”, which was subdivided into five categories: “education, the missing link”, “nurses’ inadequate professional competence”, “unsafe nursing care”, “organizational requirements”, and “difficulty in eye care evaluation”.

Conclusion
Evidence-based practice plays a minor role in the field of eye care in Iran, despite its critical importance. Thus, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran is recommended to adapt the clinical guidelines so that more attention is paid to this field.
Exploring staff perspectives on caring for isolated hospitalised patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Digby Robin , Hopper Ingrid , Hughes Leanne , McCaskie Doug , Tuck Michelle , Fallon Kethly , Hunter Peter , Bucknall Tracey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Strict isolation of COVID-19 patients to prevent cross infection may inadvertently cause serious adverse outcomes including psychological harm, limitations to care, increased incidence of delirium, deconditioning and reduced quality of life. Previous research exploring the staff perspective of the effect of isolation on patients is limited. The aim of this study is to understand staff perceptions and interpretations of their experiences of the care and treatment of isolated patients and the impact of isolation on patients, families, and staff.

Method
This qualitative, exploratory study is set in a major metropolitan, quaternary hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Data was collected in focus groups with clinical and non-clinical staff and analysed using content analysis. The hospital ethics committee granted approval. Each participant gave informed verbal consent.

Results
Participants included 58 nursing, medical, allied health, and non-clinical staff. Six main themes were identified: 1) Communication challenges during COVID-19; 2) Impact of isolation on family; 3) Challenges to patients’ health and safety; 4) Impact on staff; 5) Challenging standards of care; 6) Contextual influences: policy, decision-makers and the environment.

Conclusion
Isolating patients and restricting visitors resulted in good pandemic management, but staff perceived it came at considerable cost to staff and consumers. Innovative communication technology may facilitate improved connection between all parties. Mental health support is needed for patients, families, and staff. Further research using a co-design model with input from patients, families and staff is recommended to determine appropriate interventions to improve care.
Preventing the spread of infection is essential for good pandemic management, but the cost to consumers and staff must be mitigated. Preparation for future pandemics must consider workforce preparedness, adapted models of care and workflow.
Exhaled biomarkers in adults with non-productive cough
Authors: Emilsson Össur Ingi , Kokelj Spela , Östling Jörgen , Olin Anna-Carin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic cough is a common condition but disease mechanisms are not fully understood. Our aim was to study respiratory biomarkers from the small airways in individuals with non-productive cough.MethodsA cohort of 107 participants answered detailed questionnaires, performed spirometry, exhaled NO measurement, impulse oscillometry, gave blood samples and particles in exhaled air (PEx) samples. Current smokers (N = 38) were excluded. A total of 14 participants reported non-productive cough (cases). A total of 55 participants reported no cough (control group). PEx samples, containing exhaled particles derived from small airways, were collected and analysed with the SOMAscan proteomics platform.ResultsParticipants with non-productive cough had similar age, sex, BMI, and inflammation markers in blood tests, as participants without cough. The proteomics analysis found 75 proteins significantly altered among participants with chronic cough compared to controls, after adjusting for sex and investigator performing the PExA measurement (all with p-value < 0.05 and q-value ≤ 0.13, thereof 21 proteins with a q-value < 0.05). These proteins were mostly involved in immune and inflammatory responses, complement and coagulation system, but also tight junction proteins and proteins involved in neuroinflammatory responses.ConclusionsThis exploratory study on proteomics of exhaled particles among individuals with chronic cough found alterations in relative abundance of 75 proteins. The proteins identified are implicated in both pathways known to be implicated in cough, but also potentially new pathways. Further studies are needed to explore the importance of these findings.
Prediabetes and all-cause mortality in young patients undergoing coronary artery angiography: a multicenter cohort study in China
Authors: He Yibo , Lu Hongyu , Ling Yihang , Liu Jin , Yu Sijia , Zhou Ziyou , Chang Tian , Liu Yong , Chen Shiqun , Chen Jiyan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of prediabetes is increasing in young adults and patients undergoing coronary angiography. However, whether prediabetes is a considerable risk factor for all-cause mortality remains undetermined in young patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods
In this study, we retrospectively included 8868 young patients (men aged < 45 years, women aged < 55 years) who underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Patients were categorized as normoglycemic, prediabetes and diabetes according to the HbA1c level or documented history of diabetes. The association of all-cause mortality with diabetes and prediabetes was detected by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results
A total of 3240 (36.5%) among 8868 young patients receiving CAG were prediabetes and 2218 (25.0%) were diabetes. 728 patients died during a median follow-up of 4.92 years. Compared to the normoglycemic group, prediabetes increased the risk of all-cause mortality in young CAG patients by 24%(adjusted HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04–1.49, p = 0.019) and diabetes increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 46%(adjusted HR:1.46, 95% CI:1.2–1.79, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that diabetes and prediabetes increased the risk of death mainly in patients without comorbidities.

Conclusion
Prediabetes accounts for more than one-third of the young adults undergoing CAG and was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, active prevention strategy should be considered for these patients.
Curcumin: a natural organic component that plays a multi-faceted role in ovarian cancer
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Qi Mingming , Li Xidie , Wang Jingjin , Wang Mingyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurcumin, a natural organic component obtained from Curcuma longa’s rhizomes, shows abundant anti-tumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities, among others. Notably the anti-tumor activity has aroused widespread attention from scholars worldwide. Numerous studies have reported that curcumin can delay ovarian cancer (OC), increase its sensitivity to chemotherapy, and reduce chemotherapy drugs’ side effects. It has been shown considerable anticancer potential by promoting cell apoptosis, suppressing cell cycle progression, inducing autophagy, inhibiting tumor metastasis, and regulating enzyme activity. With an in-depth study of curcumin’s anti-OC mechanism, its clinical application will have broader prospects. This review summarizes the latest studies on curcumin’s anti-OC activities, and discusses the specific mechanism, hoping to provide references for further research and applications.
The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: sixth edition
Authors: Rossaint Rolf , Afshari Arash , Bouillon Bertil , Cerny Vladimir , Cimpoesu Diana , Curry Nicola , Duranteau Jacques , Filipescu Daniela , Grottke Oliver , Grønlykke Lars , Harrois Anatole , Hunt Beverley J. , Kaserer Alexander , Komadina Radko , Madsen Mikkel Herold , Maegele Marc , Mora Lidia , Riddez Louis , Romero Carolina S. , Samama Charles-Marc , Vincent Jean-Louis , Wiberg Sebastian , Spahn Donat R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSevere trauma represents a major global public health burden and the management of post-traumatic bleeding continues to challenge healthcare systems around the world. Post-traumatic bleeding and associated traumatic coagulopathy remain leading causes of potentially preventable multiorgan failure and death if not diagnosed and managed in an appropriate and timely manner. This sixth edition of the European guideline on the management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following traumatic injury aims to advise clinicians who care for the bleeding trauma patient during the initial diagnostic and therapeutic phases of patient management.MethodsThe pan-European, multidisciplinary Task Force for Advanced Bleeding Care in Trauma included representatives from six European professional societies and convened to assess and update the previous version of this guideline using a structured, evidence-based consensus approach. Structured literature searches covered the period since the last edition of the guideline, but considered evidence cited previously. The format of this edition has been adjusted to reflect the trend towards concise guideline documents that cite only the highest-quality studies and most relevant literature rather than attempting to provide a comprehensive literature review to accompany each recommendation.ResultsThis guideline comprises 39 clinical practice recommendations that follow an approximate temporal path for management of the bleeding trauma patient, with recommendations grouped behind key decision points. While approximately one-third of patients who have experienced severe trauma arrive in hospital in a coagulopathic state, a systematic diagnostic and therapeutic approach has been shown to reduce the number of preventable deaths attributable to traumatic injury.ConclusionA multidisciplinary approach and adherence to evidence-based guidelines are pillars of best practice in the management of severely injured trauma patients. Further improvement in outcomes will be achieved by optimising and standardising trauma care in line with the available evidence across Europe and beyond.