bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and components in rural, semi-urban and urban areas in the littoral region in Cameroon: impact of physical activity
Authors: Bilog Nadine Carole , Mekoulou Ndongo Jerson , Bika Lele Elysée Claude , Guessogo Wiliam Richard , Assomo-Ndemba Peguy Brice , Ahmadou  , Etaga Noel Babayana , Mbama Biloa Yves Julien , Bindi Josiane Gertrude Bwegne Ngasse , Temfemo Abdou , Mandengue Samuel Honoré , Guyot Jessica , Dupré Caroline , Barth Nathalie , Bongue Bienvenu , Etoundi Ngoa Laurent Serge , Ayina Ayina Clarisse Noel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Living areas in developing countries impact seriously lifestyle by modifying energy consumption and energy expenditure. Thus, urbanization is associated with less practice of physical activity (PA), a leading cause of metabolic syndrome (MetS) which prevalence vary in African countries. The present study aimed to assess the effect of PA on MetS according to urbanization level in the littoral region, Cameroon.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in three geographical settings (urban, semi-urban, and rural) in the littoral region in Cameroon. A total of 879 participants were included (urban: 372, semi-urban: 195 and rural: 312). MetS was defined according to the International Federation of Diabetes 2009. The level of PA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity questionnaire.

Results
Low level of PA was (P < 0.0001) reported in urban (54.5%), semi-urban (28.7%) and rural (16.9%) and high level in rural area (77.9%). The prevalence of MetS was higher in urban areas (37.2%), then rural (36.8%) and finally semi-urban (25.9%). Hyperglycemia (p = 0.0110), low HDL-c (p < 0.0001) and high triglyceridemia (p = 0.0068) were most prevalent in urban residents. Participants with low level of PA were at risk of MetS (OR: 1.751, 95% CI 1.335–2.731, p = 0.001), hyperglycemia (OR: 1.909, 95% CI 1.335–2.731, p = 0.0004) abdominal obesity(OR: 2.007, 95% CI 1.389–2.900, p = 0.0002), low HDL-c (OR: 1.539, 95% CI 1.088–2.179, p = 0.014) and those with moderate level of PA were protected against high blood pressure(OR: 0.452, 95% CI 0.298–0.686, p = 0.0002) and compared to those with high level of PA. Urban dwellers were at the risk of MetS compared to rural residents (OR: 1.708, 95% CI. 1.277–2.285, p = 0.003) and protected against high blood pressure (OR:0.314, 95% CI 0.212–0.466, p < 0.0001), abdominal obesity (OR: 0.570, 95% CI 0.409–0.794, p = 0.0009), and low HDL-c (OR: 0.725, 95% CI 0.534–0.983, p = 0.038) compared to rural residents.

Conclusions
MetS was more prevalent in urban dwellers and was associated with a low level of PA.
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the root extracts and fractions of Terminalia avicennioides Guill. and Perr.
Authors: Aliyu-Amoo Hadiza , Isa Hamza Ibrahim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Infectious diseases remain a major source of death and sickness globally. Their management entails use of antimicrobials. However, emergence of microbial resistance to these agents is on the increase. Inflammation and oxidative stress also accompany disease states. Newer agents to counter microbes, inflammation and oxidative stress are needed. Terminalia avicennioides Guill and Perr. is regularly exploited as a traditional remedy to numerous complaints, comprising infections, inflammation and enhancement of well-being. This study was intended to examine the effects of the root extracts and fractions of T. avicennioides against select bacteria and fungi as well as their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant assessments were conducted with broth microdilution technique, lipoxygenase and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, respectively.

Results
All the bacteria displayed varying susceptibility to the different extracts. The extracts caused good antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilis, Enterobacter cloaca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Echinococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli, but moderate for Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antifungal action varied from good to moderate against Fusarium spp, moderate against Aspergillus niger but inactive against Candida albicans. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were dose-dependent, recording robust activity at higher concentrations. The n-butanol fraction manifested the highest anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, then ethylacetate while methanol extract showed better activities among hot and cold water extracts.

Conclusions
The analysis of the biological activities of T. avicennioides root extracts and fractions revealed encouraging antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which were dose reliant. The different extracts and fractions displayed variable grades of activity. The plant showed good antibacterial but weak antifungal action. These activities could be credited to polyphenols and other plant constituents. This report may explain some of the traditional medicinal uses of the plant and could open the door for further studies in search of newer compounds against microbial organisms, inflammation and/or oxidative stress.
Hepatoprotective effects of ethnic cabbage dishes: a comparison study on kimchi and pao cai
Authors: Nugroho David , Surya Reggie , Nurkolis Fahrul , Surya Ervan , Thinthasit Aphinya , Kamal Nurkhalida , Oh Jin-Seok , Benchawattananon Rachadaporn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConsuming ethnic vegetable dishes, that has been an integral part in the food culture of many countries, is suggested to bring health benefits to humans. Kimchi from Korea and pao cai from China are two distinct vegetable dishes made from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) through different processes. While kimchi is a fermented food, pao cai is produced by pickling in brine or vinegar. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the hepatoprotective effects of kimchi and pao cai in vivo using animal model and in vitro using a cell line. Despite having similar nutritional profiles, kimchi and pao cai exhibited different chemical and microbiological properties. Compared to pao cai, the pH during fermentation of kimchi dropped more rapidly and the antioxidant activity of kimchi was also stronger. In addition, total microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria were consistently higher in kimchi than in pao cai. In vivo, the hepatoprotective properties of kimchi and pao cai were associated with the increase in expression and activity of major liver antioxidant enzymes, particularly glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. In vitro, both kimchi and pao cai promoted the formation of glutathione. Upon exposure to chemically induced oxidative stress, kimchi protected liver cells by inhibiting glutathione depletion and limiting lipid peroxidation. In general, kimchi demonstrated stronger hepatoprotective properties compared to pao cai. Thus, the present study provides promising insights into the development of ethnic foods, particularly kimchi and pao cai, as functional foods beneficial for human health.
Electrolyte profile in COVID-19 patients: insights into outcomes
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Sorour , Negm Essamedin M. , Zahran Mahmoud Hosny , Magdy Mahmoud M. , Mohammed Ahmed Abdulsaboor , Ibrahim Dalia Anas , Tawfik Ahmed E. , Hassan Tarek Hamdy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Some evidence has provided that electrolyte disorders may be present upon presentation of patients with COVID-19 infection. We investigated serum sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels in large numbers of critically ill COVID-19 patients to identify its possible prognostic value in these patients.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients confirmed with COVID-19 infection admitted to critical care units of Zagazig University Hospital all over 1 year, from May 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021. We analyzed the data for possible correlations between serum electrolytes and patients’ outcomes.

Results
Among 600 patients included in the study with a mean age of 51.33 ± 16.5 years, 44.16% were mechanically ventilated, and 30.66% died during hospital admission. Serum sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium were 141.96 ± 5.4, 4.33 ± 0.66, 3.76 ± 1.26, 2.21 ± 0.52, and 8.55 ± 0.85 respectively, at admission to the ICU. Unfavorable admission course and mortality were significantly associated with high normal serum sodium, potassium, and phosphorus levels and a low normal calcium level.

Conclusion
Although mean serum sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were within normal levels in patients with COVID-19 at presentation, serum sodium, potassium, and phosphorus were significantly higher in those with poor outcomes, whereas calcium was significantly lower in those with poor outcomes.
Envisioning gamification in anesthesia, pain management, and critical care: basic principles, integration of artificial intelligence, and simulation strategies
Authors: Cascella Marco , Cascella Andrea , Monaco Federica , Shariff Mohammed Naveed 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUnlike traditional video games developed solely for entertainment purposes, game-based learning employs intentionally crafted approaches that seamlessly merge entertainment and educational content, resulting in captivating and effective learning encounters. These pedagogical methods include serious video games and gamification. Serious games are video games utilized as tools for acquiring crucial (serious) knowledge and skills. On the other hand, gamification requires integrating gaming elements (game mechanics) such as points, leaderboards, missions, levels, rewards, and more, into a context that may not be associated with video gaming activities. They can be dynamically (game dynamics) combined developing various strategic approaches. Operatively, gamification adopts simulation elements and leverages the interactive nature of gaming to teach players specific skills, convey knowledge, or address real-world issues. External incentives stimulate internal motivation. Therefore, these techniques place the learners in the central role, allowing them to actively construct knowledge through firsthand experiences.Anesthesia, pain medicine, and critical care demand a delicate interplay of technical competence and non-technical proficiencies. Gamification techniques can offer advantages to both domains. Game-based modalities provide a dynamic, interactive, and highly effective opportunity to learn, practice, and improve both technical and non-technical skills, enriching the overall proficiency of anesthesia professionals. These properties are crucial in a discipline where personal skills, human factors, and the influence of stressors significantly impact daily work activities. Furthermore, gamification can also be embraced for patient education to enhance comfort and compliance, particularly within pediatric settings (game-based distraction), and in pain medicine through stress management techniques. On these bases, the creation of effective gamification tools for anesthesiologists can present a formidable opportunity for users and developers.This narrative review comprehensively examines the intricate aspects of gamification and its potentially transformative influence on the fields of anesthesiology. It delves into theoretical frameworks, potential advantages in education and training, integration with artificial intelligence systems and immersive techniques, and also addresses the challenges that could arise within these contexts.
How to quit cannabis when you have a mental illness: study from the perspective of patients who have successfully quit
Authors: Bruins Jojanneke , Crutzen Stijn , Veling Wim , Castelein Stynke 
Published: September 2023

Aims and methodResearch regarding quitting cannabis use often excludes patients with severe mental illness (SMI). We investigated facilitating and impeding factors in SMI patients and their advice to others, using semi-structured interviews with 12 SMI-patients, who were daily cannabis users for ≥12 months and had fully stopped using for ≥6 months.ResultsSeeking distraction, social contacts in personal environment, avoiding temptation and support from professionals were facilitating factors in stopping. Impeding factors were withdrawal symptoms, user environment, experiencing stress and user's routine. Advice to other patients included to just do it, seek support from others, quit ‘cold turkey’ and acknowledge that cannabis use is a problem. Advice to mental health professionals is to discuss cannabis use from the start of treatment.Clinical implicationsIt is important to inform patients that cannabis use has negative consequences and limits the effects of treatment. Do not judge cannabis use or force the patient to stop.
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Patients With HER2-Mutant Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Primary Results From the Randomized, Phase II DESTINY-Lung02 Trial
Authors: Goto Koichi , Goto Yasushi , Kubo Toshio , Ninomiya Kiichiro , Kim Sang-We , Planchard David , Ahn Myung-Ju , Smit Egbert F. , de Langen Adrianus Johannes , Pérol Maurice , Pons-Tostivint Elvire , Novello Silvia , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Shimizu Junichi , Kim Dong-Wan , Kuo Chih-Hsi , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Pereira Kaline , Cheng Fu-Chih , Taguchi Ayumi , Cheng Yingkai , Feng Wenqin , Tsuchihashi Zenta , Jänne Pasi A. 
Published: September 2023

PURPOSE Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) 5.4 and 6.4 mg/kg showed robust antitumor activity in multiple cancer indications; however, T-DXd 5.4 mg/kg has not been evaluated in patients with previously treated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–mutant ( HER2m; defined as single-nucleotide variants and exon 20 insertions) metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). METHODS DESTINY-Lung02, a blinded, multicenter, phase II study, investigated T-DXd 5.4 mg/kg once every 3 weeks for the first time in previously treated (platinum-containing therapy) patients with HER2m mNSCLC and further assessed T-DXd 6.4 mg/kg once every 3 weeks in this population. The primary end point was confirmed objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1 by blinded independent central review. RESULTS One hundred fifty-two patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to T-DXd 5.4 or 6.4 mg/kg once every 3 weeks. As of December 23, 2022, the median duration of follow-up was 11.5 months (range, 1.1-20.6) with 5.4 mg/kg and 11.8 months (range, 0.6-21.0) with 6.4 mg/kg. Confirmed ORR was 49.0% (95% CI, 39.0 to 59.1) and 56.0% (95% CI, 41.3 to 70.0) and median duration of response was 16.8 months (95% CI, 6.4 to not estimable [NE]) and NE (95% CI, 8.3 to NE) with 5.4 and 6.4 mg/kg, respectively. Median treatment duration was 7.7 months (range, 0.7-20.8) with 5.4 mg/kg and 8.3 months (range, 0.7-20.3) with 6.4 mg/kg. Grade ≥ 3 drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 39 of 101 (38.6%) and 29 of 50 (58.0%) patients with 5.4 and 6.4 mg/kg, respectively. 13 of 101 (12.9%) and 14 of 50 (28.0%) patients had adjudicated drug-related interstitial lung disease (2.0% grade ≥ 3 in each arm) with 5.4 and 6.4 mg/kg, respectively. CONCLUSION T-DXd demonstrated clinically meaningful responses at both doses. Safety profile was acceptable and generally manageable, favoring T-DXd 5.4 mg/kg.
Curcumin/Fusidic Acid Bitherapy Loaded Mixed Micellar Nanogel for Acne Vulgaris Treatment: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Abdel-monem Raghda , El-leithy Eman S. , Alaa-Eldin Ahmed Adel , Abdel-Rashid Rania S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe combination of herbal drugs with a topical antibacterial for managing a chronic disease like acne vulgaris has emerged lately to settle side effects and bacterial multidrug resistance. Mixed micelles (MMs) incorporated into nanogel were explored for hybrid delivery of curcumin (Cur) and fusidic acid (FA) combination presenting a multi-strategic treatment. Curcumin-fusidic acid–loaded mixed micelles (Cur-FA-MMs) were assessed for size, surface charge, compatibility, in vitro release, and encapsulation. The selected formula was further loaded into nanogel and investigated for viscosity, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo potential. Cur-FA-MMs exhibited uniform nanosized spherical morphology, and negative surface charge affording high encapsulation for both drugs with a biphasic in vitro release over a period of 48h and good colloidal stability. The attained Cur-FA-MM-loaded nanogel had optimum viscosity with remarkable permeation coefficient values nearly 2-fold that related to plain nanogel. The pharmacodynamic effect of Cur on FA was pronounced by the significant improvement of the skin’s degree of inflammation, epidermal hypertrophy, and congestion in animals treated with Cur-FA-MM-loaded nanogel. In conclusion, micellar nanogel could enable the progressive effect of Cur (an antioxidant with reported antibiotic activity) on FA (antibiotic) and decrease the risk of emerging antibiotic resistance by enhancing the solubility and permeation of Cur.
Graphical Abstract
Study on noise enhancement injection in laser gyroscopes based on random noise variation rates
Authors: Bai Shicai , Ma Jiajun , Xu Yuxin , Gao Hui , Xu Wenzheng , Meng Jun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the process of injecting random noise into a mechanical vibration laser gyroscope, the amplitude of the injected noise decays significantly as the noise frequency increases. To address this phenomenon, theoretical research was conducted on the transfer function of random noise in a mechanical vibration laser gyroscope, and a transfer function of random noise enhancement injection efficiency was established, which is related to the damping coefficient and resonant frequency. A method for enhancing random noise injection efficiency based on the rate of random noise level variation was proposed, and a circuit system for random noise enhancement injection in mechanical vibration laser gyroscopes was designed. The results showed that compared with the original random noise injection technology, random noise enhancement injection technology can effectively suppress the serious attenuation of high-frequency random noise amplitude, increase random noise injection efficiency by about 41.27%, reduce the random walk of the laser gyroscope's angle by about 17.73%, and improve its accuracy by about 27.02%. Random noise enhancement injection technology provides an important reference for improving the performance of mechanical vibration laser gyroscopes.
Influence of Vitamin D Deficiency on Cyclin D1-Induced Parathyroid Tumorigenesis
Authors: Costa-Guda Jessica , Corrado Kristin , Bellizzi Justin , Saria Elizabeth , Saucier Kirsten , Guemes-Aragon Miriam , Kakar Guntas , Rose Madison , Pascal Melanie , Alander Cynthia , Mallya Sanjay M , Arnold Andrew 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrinopathy for which several pathogenic mechanisms, including cyclin D1 overexpression, have been identified. Vitamin D nutritional status may influence parathyroid tumorigenesis, but evidence remains circumstantial. To assess the potential influence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency on initiation or progression of parathyroid tumorigenesis, we superimposed vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency on parathyroid tumor–prone parathyroid hormone–cyclin D1 transgenic mice. Mice were placed on diets containing either 2.75 IU/g, 0.25 IU/g, or 0.05 IU/g cholecalciferol, either prior to expected onset of PHPT or after onset of biochemical PHPT. When introduced early, superimposed vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency had no effect on serum calcium or on parathyroid gland growth. However, when introduced after the onset of biochemical PHPT, vitamin D deficiency led to larger parathyroid glands without differences in serum biochemical parameters. Our results suggest that low vitamin D status enhances proliferation of parathyroid cells whose growth is already being tumorigenically driven, in contrast to its apparent lack of direct proliferation-initiating action on normally growing parathyroid cells in this model. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that suboptimal vitamin D status may not increase incidence of de novo parathyroid tumorigenesis but may accelerate growth of a preexisting parathyroid tumor.
Detection Rates and Trends of Asymptomatic Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms From 2005 to 2019
Authors: Laukka Dan , Kivelev Juri , Rahi Melissa , Vahlberg Tero , Paturi Jooa , Rinne Jaakko , Hirvonen Jussi 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The trend in detection rates of asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) on brain computed tomography angiography/magnetic resonance angiography (CTA/MRA) is not well established. Our objective was to evaluate time trends in asymptomatic UIA detection rates on brain CTA/MRA between 2005 and 2019.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective study of all brain computed tomography/magnetic resonance scans (n = 288 336 scans in 130 621 patients) performed between January 2005 and December 2019 at a tertiary referral hospital. Patients who underwent brain CTA/MRA examinations were included (n = 81 261 scans in 48 037 patients). The annual detection rate of new UIA cases was calculated based on the first brain CTA/MRA imaging. Detection rates were compared between three periods and across different age groups.

RESULTS:
The number of first CTA/MRA examinations increased significantly from 2005 to 2009 (n = 12 190 patients) to 2010–2014 (n = 14 969 patients) and 2015–2019 (n = 20 878 patients) (P < .001). The UIA detection rate also increased significantly from 1.7% in 2005–2009 to 2.5% in 2010–2014 and 3.4% in 2015–2019 (P < .001). The UIA detection rate increased significantly from 2010–2014 to 2015–2019 (relative risk [RR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.17-1.51), particularly in patients aged 60–69 years (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.01-1.63), 70–79 years (RR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.30-2.25), and >79 years (RR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.56-3.47). Furthermore, the detection rate of <5-mm UIAs increased from 2010–2014 to 2015–2019 (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.28-1.77).

CONCLUSION:
The detection rate of asymptomatic UIAs, particularly in elderly patients, has increased significantly over the past 15 years, coinciding with the increased use of CTA/MRA imaging. Furthermore, the size of the identified UIAs has decreased. These findings raise concerns about the management strategies for UIAs, indicating the need for further research.