bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reduction of the leakage field of the injection septum magnet in main ring of J-PARC
Authors: Shibata T , Matsumoto N , Ishii K , Sugimoto T , Matsumoto H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A new injection septum magnet 1 (Inj-SM1) was installed in the Main Ring (MR) of J-PARC in 2016 as an upgrade. We confirmed that the leakage field upstream from the circulating duct of Inj-SM1 was sufficiently smaller than that for the previous Inj-SM1. Nevertheless, we attempted to further reduce the leakage field by using a new magnetic shield to achieve a higher proton beam intensity. In 2017, the first version of the new magnetic shield was produced and installed. The strength of the leakage field with the shield was ≈30% of that without the shield; however, the magnetic field of a quadrupole magnet (QM) upstream of Inj-SM1 was reduced to below the permissible limit, ≈0.1% of the total field integral of the QM, from the point of view of beam optics. Consequently, the first version failed. A second shield, for which the defects of the first version were fixed, was produced in 2018. The strength of the leakage field of Inj-SM1 with the second shield was reduced to ≈30% of that without the shield, while that of the QM was maintained. Thus, we decided to use the second shield for beam operation starting in November 2019. We confirmed that the impact of the leakage field on the circulating beam was 1/20 of that of the previous Inj-SM1.
The new high field septum magnet for upgrading of fast extraction in main ring of J-PARC
Authors: Shibata T , Ishii K , Iwata S , Sugimoto T , Matsumoto N , Matsumoto H , Fan K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The upgrade of the beam power of J-PARC Main Ring to 750 kW by reducing the cycle from 2.48 s to 1.3 s is underway, and the upgrade of the four high-field (HF) septa will be completed by summer of 2023. The operation test of one HF septum, SM31, was conducted in 2020. First trial was 1 Hz operation test, and we confirmed the joule heating at the magnetic coil was lower than limit. Second was magnetic field measurement. We obtained a good linearity between the applied current and the gap field without saturation. The field integral of the gap field was measured to estimate the optimal current for beam extraction, and we found it is 3,400 A. We compared the gap field between in the neutrino line and that in the beam abort line, then we found the longitudinal distributions have a small discrepancy but it was acceptable. The large leakage field was observed around the end-fringes, therefore, in order to reduce the leakage field, we produced an additional duct shield for mounting in the circulating duct in 2022. We verified that the additional duct shield reduced the leakage field to ≈2% of unshielded leakage field. The new SM31 and other two HF septa have been installed in MR by end of May 2022. The beam operation with the new HF septa will be started in June 2022.
Branch module for an inductive voltage adder for driving kicker magnets with a short circuit termination
Authors: Ruf J , Barnes M J , Dutheil Y , Kramer T , Sack M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
For driving kicker magnets terminated in a short circuit, a branch module for an inductive voltage adder has been designed and assembled. The module has been designed for a maximum charging voltage of 1.2 kV and an output current of 200 A considering the current doubling due to the short circuit termination. It features three consecutive modes of operation: energy injection, freewheeling, and energy extraction. Therefore, the topology of the branch module consists of two independently controlled SiC MOSFET switches and one diode switch. In order not to extend the field rise time of the kicker magnet significantly beyond the magnet fill time, the pulse must have a fast rise time. Hence, the switch for energy injection is driven by a gate boosting driver featuring a half bridge of GaN HEMTs and a driving voltage of 80 V. Measurements of the drain source voltage of this switch showed a fall time of 2.7 ns at a voltage of 600 V resulting in a voltage rise time of 5.4 ns at the output terminated with a resistive load. To meet both the rise time and current requirements, a parallel configuration of four SiC MOSFETs was implemented.
Evaluation of geometrical precision and surface roughness quality for the additively manufactured radio frequency quadrupole prototype
Authors: Torims T , Cherif A , Delerue N , Pedretti M Foppa , Gruber S , Krogere D , Lopez E , Otto T , Pikurs G , Pozzi M , Ratkus A , Thielmann M , Vedani M , Vretenar M , Wagenblast P 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A multidisciplinary collaboration within the I.FAST project teamed-up to develop additive manufacturing (AM) technology solutions for accelerators. The first prototype of an AM pure-copper Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) has been produced, corresponding to ¼ of a 4-vane RFQ. It was optimised for production with state-of-the-art laser powder bed fusion technology. Geometrical precision and roughness of the critical surfaces were measured. Although the obtained values were beyond standard RFQ specifications, these first results are promising and confirmed the feasibility of AM manufactured complex copper accelerator cavities. Therefore, further post-processing trials have been conducted with the sample RFQ to improve surface roughness. Algorithms for the AM technological processes have also been improved, allowing for higher geometrical precision. This resulted in the design of a full 4-vane RFQ prototype. At the time of the paper submission the full-size RFQ is being manufactured and will undergo through the stringent surface quality measurements. This paper is discussing novel technological developments, is providing an evaluation of the obtained surface roughness and geometrical precision as well as outlining the potential post-processing scenarios along with future tests plans.
TURBO: A novel beam delivery system enabling rapid depth scanning for charged particle therapy
Authors: Yap J SL , Sheehy S L , Steinberg A F , Norman H XQ , Appleby R B 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Charged particle therapy (CPT) is a well-established modality of cancer treatment and is increasing in worldwide presence due to improved accelerator technology and modern techniques. The beam delivery system (BDS) determines the overall timing and beam shaping capabilities, but is restricted by the energy variation speed: energy layer switching time (ELST). Existing treatment beamlines have a ±1% momentum acceptance range, needing time to change the magnetic fields as the beam is delivered in layers at various depths across the tumour volume. Minimising the ELST can enable the delivery of faster, more effective and advanced treatments but requires an improved BDS. A possibility for this could be achieved with a design using Fixed Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) optics, enabling a large energy acceptance to rapidly transport beams of varying energies. A scaled-down, novel system – Technology for Ultra Rapid Beam Operation (TURBO) – is being developed at the University of Melbourne, to explore the potential of rapid depth scanning. Initial simulation studies, beam and field measurements, project plans and clinical considerations are discussed.
Upgrade of a proton therapy eye treatment nozzle using a cylindrical beam stopping device for enhanced dose rate performances
Authors: Gnacadja E , Hernalsteens C , Pauly N , Ramoisiaux E , Tesse R , Vanwelde M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Proton therapy is a well established treatment method for ocular cancerous diseases. General-purpose multi-room systems which comprise eye-treatment beamlines must be thoroughly optimized to achieve the performances of fully dedicated systems in terms of depth-dose distal fall-off, lateral penumbra, and dose rate. For eye-treatment beamlines, the dose rate is one of the most critical clinical performances, as it directly defines the delivery time of a given treatment session. This delivery time must be kept as low as possible to reduce uncertainties due to undesired patient movement. We propose an alternative design of the Ion Beam Applications (IBA) Proteus Plus (P+) eye treatment beamline, which combines a beam-stopping device with the already existing scattering features of the beamline. The design is modelled with Beam Delivery SIMulation (BDSIM), a Geant4-based particle tracking and beam-matter interactions Monte-Carlo code, to demonstrate that it increases the maximum achievable dose rate by up to a factor 3 compared to the baseline configuration. An in-depth study of the system is performed and the resulting dosimetric properties are discussed in detail.
A carbon minibeam irradiation facility concept
Authors: Mayerhofer M , Bencini V , Sammer M , Dollinger G 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In minibeam therapy, the sparing of deep-seated normal tissue is limited by transverse beam spread caused by small-angle scattering. Contrary to proton minibeams, helium or carbon minibeams experience less deflection, which potentially reduces side effects. To verify this potential, an irradiation facility for preclinical and clinical studies is needed. This manuscript presents a concept for a carbon minibeam irradiation facility based on a LINAC design for conventional carbon therapy. A quadrupole triplet focuses the LINAC beam to submillimeter minibeams. A scanning and a dosimetry unit are provided to move the minibeam over the target and monitor the applied dose. The beamline was optimized by TRAVEL simulations. The interaction between beam and these components and the resulting beam parameters at the focal plane is evaluated by TOPAS simulations. A transverse beamwidth of < 100 μm (sigma) and a peak-to-valley (energy) dose ratio of > 1000 results for carbon energies of 100 MeV/u and 430 MeV/u (∼ 3 cm and 30 cm range in water) whereby the average beam current is ∼ 30 nA. Therefore, the presented irradiation facility exceeds the requirements for hadron minibeam therapy.
Slow extraction modelling for NIMMS hadron therapy synchrotrons
Authors: Taylor R , Benedetto E , Sapinski M , Pasternak J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS) is an umbrella R&D programme for CERN accelerator technologies targeting advanced accelerator options for proton and light ion therapy. In collaboration with the European programme HITRIplus, one area of study is slow extraction which is required to deliver a uniform beam spill for radiotherapy treatment. Several techniques use the third-order resonance to extract hadrons; these include betatron core driven extraction and radiofrequency knock-out. Flexible simulation tools using these techniques were prepared and initially benchmarked with results from the literature that used the Proton-Ion Medical Machine Study (PIMMS) design. The limits of the current PIMMS design were then pushed to evaluate its compatibility to deliver 10x higher intensity ion beams, and using increased extraction rates.
Beam optics study for a potential VHEE beam delivery system
Authors: Robertson C S , Burrows P N , Dosanjh M , Latina A , Gerbershagen A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVHEE (Very High Energy Electron) therapy can be superior to conventional radiotherapy for the treatment of deep seated tumours, whilst not necessarily requiring the space and cost of proton or heavy ion facilities. Developments in high gradient RF technology have allowed electrons to be accelerated to VHEE energies in a compact space, meaning that treatment could be possible with a shorter linac. A crucial component of VHEE treatment is the transfer of the beam from accelerator to patient. This is required to magnify the beam to cover the transverse extent of the tumour, whilst ensuring a uniform beam distribution. Two principle methodologies for the design of a compact transfer line are presented. The first of these is based upon a quadrupole lattice and optical magnification of beam size. A minimisation algorithm is used to enforce certain criteria on the beam distribution at the patient, defining the lattice through an automated routine. Separately, a dual scattering-foil based system is also presented, which uses similar algorithms for the optimisation of the foil geometry in order to achieve the desired beam shape at the patient location.
A compact synchrotron for advanced cancer therapy with helium and proton beams
Authors: Vretenar M , Angolettai M E , Bisoffi G , Borburgh J , Bottura L , Paļskis K , Taylor R , Tranquille G , Benedetto E , Sapinski M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recent years have seen an increased interest in the use of helium for radiation therapy of cancer. Helium ions can be more precisely delivered to the tumour than protons or carbon ions, presently the only beams licensed for treatment, with a biological effectiveness between the two. The accelerator required for helium is considerably smaller than a standard carbon ion synchrotron. To exploit the potential of helium therapy and of other emerging particle therapy techniques, in the framework of the Next Ion Medical Machine Study (NIMMS) at CERN, the design of a compact synchrotron optimised for acceleration of proton and helium beams has been investigated. The synchrotron is based on a new magnet design, profits from a novel injector linac, and can provide both slow and fast extraction for conventional and FLASH therapy. Production of mini-beams, and operation with multiple ions for imaging and treatment are also considered. This accelerator is intended to become the main element of a facility devoted to a parallel programme of cancer research and treatment with proton and helium beams, to both cure patients and contribute to the assessment of helium beams as a new tool to fight cancer.
A novel intensity compensation method to achieve energy independent beam intensity at the patient location for cyclotron based proton therapy facilities
Authors: Maradia Vivek , Meer David , Weber Damian C , Lomax Antony J , Psoroulas Serena 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In cyclotron-based proton therapy facilities, an energy selection system is typically used to lower the beam energy from the fixed value provided by the accelerator (250/230 MeV) to the one needed for the treatment (230-70 MeV). Such a system has the drawback of increase beam emittance and introducing an energy-dependent beam current at the patient location, resulting in energy dependent beam intensity ratios of about 103 between high and low energies. This complicates treatment delivery and challenges patient safety systems. As such, we propose the use of a dual energy degrader method that can reduce beam intensity for high-energy beams. The first degrader is made of high Z material and the second is made of low Z material and are placed next to each other. For high energies (190-230 MeV), we use only the first degrader to increase beam emittance after the degrader and thus lose intensity in the emittance selection collimators. For intermediate energy beams (110-190 MeV) we use the combination of both degraders, whereas for low energy beams (70-110 MeV), only the second degrader limits the increase in emittance. With this approach, energy-independent beam intensities at the patient location can be achieved, whilst localizing beam losses around the degrader.
GNSS/IMU Sensor Fusion Performance Comparison of a Car Localization in Urban Environment Using Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Erfianti R , Asfihani T , Suhandri H F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) are popular navigation sensor for position fixing technique and dead reckoning system that complement each other. GNSS can provide accurate position and velocity information when it establishes a Line of Sight (LOS) with a minimum of four satellites. However, this accuracy can decrease due to signal outage, jamming, interference, and multipath effects. On the other hand, the IMU has the advantage of measuring the platform’s orientation with a high-frequency update and is not affected by environmental conditions. However, a drift effect causes the measurement errors to accumulate. Several studies have demonstrated the fusion of both sensors in terms of the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). This study conduct sensor fusion for car localization in an urban environment based on the loosely coupled integration scheme. In order to improve the sensor fusion performance, pre-processing GNSS and IMU data were applied. The result shows that pre-processing DGNSS and IMU filtering can increase the accuracy of the integrated navigation solution up to 80.02% in the east, 80.13% in the north, and 89.45% in the up direction during the free outage period.
An Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Modelling Using LiDAR Data and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (Case Study: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo Campus)
Authors: Ramadhani Anisa Nabila Rizki 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The process of modelling a three-dimensional city in the Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo Campus, can be carried out using a semi-automatic method with a model-driven approach to update the three-dimensional model using LiDAR and orthophoto data in 2016 into a three-dimensional model of several new objects using UAV data acquired in 2021. The application of building footprint segmentation, roof modification, combination of CGA rules, and facade texture can represent a three-dimensional city model according to a certain level of detail or LOD so that 1236 building models are obtained from the 2016 LiDAR data and 104 new building models are added from the UAVs in 2021. The results of the accuracy test analysis of the 3D modelling with LiDAR data sources and UAV data showed that all model accuracy values have met the LOD 2.1 standard according to the refined level of details standard. Based on the level of detail analysis assessment, the average completeness of the model achieved is 87.49%. Meanwhile, the correctness value that was successfully formed by the model was 94.08%, and finally the quality value of the resulting model was 82.79%. Based on SNI 03-1733-2004, the calculation of the completeness and correctness of the model has met the standard, which is more than 85% of the model approach with the original object in the field. Meanwhile, for the quality value of the resulting model, it is still 2.21% of the allowed tolerance value.
Determination of a new gravimetric geoid modelling for Sudan using the least-squares collocation technique
Authors: Osman Anas Sharafeldin Mohamed , Anjasmara Ira Mutiara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to compute a new gravimetric geoid model for Sudan by using the least-square collocation technique (LSC method) and applying the remove-compute-restore (RCR) technique. The computation of the model contains different datasets which are the gravity contribution of the model GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R6e degree/order 300, BGI free-air gravity dataset in Sudan, GPS/levelling data, and high-resolution topographic information from ASTER digital elevation model. The “residual gravity anomalies” were run through the GEOCOL program using the GRAVSOFT software package, and the effects were restored to calculate the quasi-geoid surface (height anomalies). The gravimetric geoid was computed by adding the (N − 𝜁
h
) separation term to the quasi-geoid and was fitted to the GPS and levelling data provided by Sudan. The accuracy of our gravimetric geoid model SDN-LSC-G22 of the area of Sudan and some areas of bordering countries has been investigated by using geoid undulations computed from GPS and levelling data and by investigating the differences between the geoids of the GGM models which are EGM2008 and SGG-UGM-2. Our gravimetric geoid model (SDN-LSC-G22) has indicated an accuracy of 17.4 cm, in terms of a standard deviation compared with 66 GPS and Leveling data distributed in the area of Khartoum (most of these points are control points and benchmarks). Also, we evaluated our gravimetric geoid model by using 19 points distributed in the area of Sudan, and they indicated a standard deviation of 51.3 cm. The overall accuracy of SDN-LSC-G22 compared with the geoid undulation of all GPS and levelling has indicated an STD of 34.1 cm. The model SDN-LSC-G22 has shown better accuracy and significant differences compared with the GGM models EGM2008 and SGG-UGM-2 in terms of the differences with the available GPS and levelling data which have shown ~17 cm differences using (Abdalla, 2009) GPS and levelling data. It has demonstrated STD of ~17 cm differences by using 66 GPS and levelling data. Therefore, the model SDN-LSC-G22 provided better improvements and reliable geoid heights over Sudan compared to EGM2008 and SGG-UGM-2 gravity field models.
Determination of Geoelectrical Strike To Investigate The Geological Structures In Surabaya And Gresik Areas
Authors: Lestari W , Widodo A , Warnana D D , Rivensky R S , Ilmawan R Z , Adausy T A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Magnetotelluric data acquisition is performed with a certain coordinate system orientation, thus the possibility of the field measurement data would be not proper with the geological strike direction. Therefore, the information of geoelectrical strike is needed to enhance the quality of Magnetotelluric data interpretation where if the data had the similar direction with the geological strike thus it will be properly sufficient with the actual subsurface condition. A magnetotelluric study by utilized polar diagram was conducted to analyze the orientation of geoelectrical strike that are correlated with the geological structures in the Surabaya and Gresik areas. However, polar diagram analysis using phase tensor data has an ambiguity of +90° therefore additional analysis is carried out using tipper data. The results showed the geoelectrical strike direction is N315°E and it is slightly similar with the strike trend of geological structures anomaly. Meanwhile, the geological structures is generally characterized by low to medium value of resistivity contrasts around 30-500 ohm.m consisting of the Surabaya Kendeng Fault, Kendeng Kedung Waru Fault, anticline, and other expected faults.
Detection of Changes in Water Surface Area in Limboto Lake Using Landsat Data From 1990 to 2020
Authors: Yudha Imam Satria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lake Limboto is included in the fifteen priority lakes due to its increasingly critical condition. Long-term observations of changes in the lake water surface area are carried out to understand the impact of changes better and protect the ecosystem of water resources. The use of remote sensing technology products in Landsat 4 TM, Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM +, and Landsat 8 OLI satellite images and Google Earth Engine is a suitable combination to study the dynamics of Lake Limboto. The water index used are NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), MNDWI (Modified Normalized Difference Water Index), and AWEI (Automated Water Extraction Index). The water surface area of Lake Limboto changes every year, starting in 1990 with an area of 1,976 Ha, increasing in 2000 to 2,039 Ha, and the widest inundation of water surface in 2002 was 2,889 Ha, a decrease occurred in 2009 to 2,498 Ha, to become 1,843 Ha in 2020. The objects above the water surface also change yearly, from 6% in 1990-2000, increasing to 10% in 2009, reaching a 16% increase in 2014, and decreasing to 9% in 2020. This changing trend can be used as the basis for government policies in the management of Limboto Lake.