bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural Antiglobulin Antibodies in Primate Sera
Authors: Baxter N. H. , Malley A. , Mandy W. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Papain and pepsin agglutinators showing specificity for autologous or homologous Fab and (Fab′)2 have been demonstrated in normal human and rabbit sera. In this study papain and pepsin agglutinators were shown to be present in normal rhesus serum. The evidence also suggests that these agglutinators are present in members of other families of the order Primates.
In a comparative study, individual sera from several members of Primates representing the families Hominidae, Pongidae, Cercopithecidae, Cebidae and the Prosimians were tested for agglutinator activity against the Fab and (Fab′)2 fragments of human and rhesus IgG. The pepsin agglutinators in each of the families studies reacted with rhesus (Fab′)2 fragments, but only members of the families Hominidae, Pongidae and Cercopithecidae reacted with human (Fab′)2 fragments. Human papain agglutinators were specific only for human Fab fragments. Likewise Cercopithecoid papain agglutinator reacted only with rhesus Fab fragments.
Prevention of Marrow Allograft Rejection with Radioactive Strontium: Evidence for Marrow-Dependent Effector Cells
Authors: Bennett Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice injected with the bone-seeking isotope, 89Sr, were depleted of marrow erythropoietic progenitor cells but maintained normal or near-normal numbers of splenic erythropoietic progenitor cells, lymphoid tissue alloantigen-sensitive units responsible for graft-vs-host reactions, and splenic antigen-sensitive units responsive to sheep erythrocytes which give rise to antibody-producing cells. The ability of such mice to reject marrow allografts was suppressed. It is concluded that a separate class of marrow-dependent immunocompetent cells exist, now called “M cells,” which are responsible for rejection of allogeneic dispersed hemopoietic cells.
Suppression and Selection of B Cells during Lysozyme Tolerance in the Mouse
Authors: Scibienski R. , Sercarz E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Soon after tolerance induction, cross-reactive avian lysozymes terminate tolerance to hen lysozyme (HEL).3 The production of cross-reactive antibody at this stage indicates that the bone marrow-derived (B) cell compartment is still non-tolerant. Later, B cell tolerance is also induced, but it requires a longer exposure and a higher dose of antigen than does induction of thymus-derived (T) cell tolerance.
At a time during recovery from neonatal or adult tolerance to HEL, when HEL-reactive B cells can again be demonstrated, mice challenged with turkey lysozyme (TEL) produce only TEL-specific antibody. The possibility is suggested that TEL-specific B cells compete more favorably for available antigen than do the newly returning, cross-reactive B cells.
The reduced response to challenge in tolerant animals is discussed in relation to a model in which there are stringent stereospecific rules governing the presentation of antigen to B cells.
Fibrosarcoma Induction in Immunosuppressed Mice
Authors: Sanford Barbara H. , Soo Sophie F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Results of an unpublished pilot study performed in this laboratory suggested increased incidence of fibrosarcomas at the site of subcutaneous plastic film implants in immunosuppressed mice as compared with normal mice. Plastic-induced tumors, like most spontaneous tumors, have low antigenicity (1) and should provide a better model than highly antigenic chemically or virally induced tumors for studying the relationship between the immune system and tumor development. The experiment was expanded as is described below.
Ninety C3H/St male mice were operated on at 60 ± 7 days; half of these were thymectomized and the rest sham-thymectomized. Eight days later, whole body irradiation at 350 R was carried out, a procedure previously shown by Miller to produce moderate, prolonged immunosuppression (2). (Concurrent experiments in our laboratory showed significant immunosuppression induced by this method, with 100% of 30 thymectomized, irradiated C3H mice succumbing within 30 days to an inoculum of allogeneic tumor (TA3) which was lethal for only 53 ± 9% of control C3H mice.)
The Physicochemical Characteristics and Purification of Slow-Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis
Authors: Orange Robert P. , Murphy Robert C. , Karnovsky Manfred L. , Austen K. Frank 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A preparative high yield procedure for the purification of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) was developed by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high resolution mass spectrometry to determine the required steps and evaluate the final product. The purification procedure was based on consideration of: the stability of the ethanol extracted starting material; the efficiency of desalting by non-ionic chromatography; the removal of phospholipids by base hydrolysis; the extraction of contaminating hydrocarbons, steroids and lipids by silicic acid chromatography and the elimination of other contaminants on the basis of molecular size with Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration. The final product when analyzed by ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry for the first time demonstrated significant differences between the active preparations and their controls. On a weight basis, this highly purified, acidic, low molecular weight chemical mediator was active at the nanogram level or less.
A Human Mononuclear Leukocyte Chemotactic Factor: Characterization, Specificity and Kinetics of Production by Homologous Leukocytes
Authors: Altman Leonard C. , Snyderman Ralph , Oppenheim Joost J. , Mergenhagen Stephan E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Leukocytes from peripheral human blood when stimulated in vitro with a specific antigen or a nonspecific mitogen produced a soluble factor which was chemotactic for homologous monocytes. The production of this lymphokine proved to be a sensitive correlate of delayed hypersensitivity. A temporal dissociation between both PHA and PPD-induced lymphocyte proliferation and monocyte chemotactic factor production was clearly established. This factor in non-plasma supplemented cultures was present after 20 to 24 hr of incubation; with minimal amounts of added plasma, a shift to earlier production was noted. Glass bead column purified lymphocytes, stimulated with PHA, produced significant amounts of monocyte chemotactic activity. The chemotactic factor was heat stable, nondialyzable, remained active if lyophilized, and had a molecular weight of approximately 12,500. In addition, this material was antigenically distinct from human C3 and C5, precursors of two chemotactic polypeptides derived from complement.
Immunoglobulin Synthesis in Bullfrog Larvae
Authors: Moticka Edward J. , Brown Bruce A. , Cooper Edwin L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antibody-synthesizing capacity of tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) has been studied with sheep erythrocytes as antigen. Tadpoles can mount an immune response similar to that seen in higher vertebrates except for a slower kinetic profile. They could not, however, be stimulated to elicit a true anamnestic response. The antibody had characteristics indicating that it probably was all IgM like. Use of the hemolytic plaque technique with various lymphoid organs detected synthesis of antibody in spleen, lymph gland and thymus.
An Antigenic Marker for Human Thymic Lymphocytes
Authors: Smith R. W. , Terry W. D. , Buell D. N. , Sell K. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine thymocytes and thymus-derived lymphocytes possess antigens not normally represented on most other tissues. Antigens of the TL (1), Ly (2), and θ (3) systems can be detected by isoimmunizations with mouse strains differing at the appropriate genetic locus. By immunization of rabbits with mouse lymphoid cells, followed by appropriate absorption procedures, reagents have been produced which can also identify and selectively lyse several different lymphocyte populations (4–6). The availability of immunologic reagents for detecting antigenic differences has greatly facilitated investigations of functional differences among subpopulations of mouse lymphocytes. Similar reagents have not been available previously for the study of human lymphocyte subpopulations. We have investigated the usefulness of absorbed heterologous antihuman thymocyte serum for the detection of antigenic heterogeneity in human lymphoid cells.
Thymus cells were obtained from fetuses and from infants under 1 year of age. Rabbits were injected in the foot pads with 109 cells emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant.
The Presence of J-Chains in the Intracellular Fluid of IgM-Secreting Murine Tumor Cells
Authors: Raam Shanthi V. , Inman F. P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cells from the murine tumor HPC 76 secrete IgM. The intracellular fluid was analyzed for the presence of the J-chain. Subsequent to analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a band was observed which had migrated most rapidly anodally. Its position was similar to that of the ostensible J-chain derived from sulfonated IgM, sulfonated IgA, and the intracellular fluid from the IgA-producing MOPC 315 tumor cells. Intracellular J-chains also were precipitable with specific antiserum. The antibodies recognized identical J-chain antigens in sulfonated IgM, sulfonated IgA, and in the intracellular and extracellular fluids of the HPC 76 cells.
Macrophage migration inhibition in response to experimental mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in the hamster
Authors: Biberfeld Gunnel 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The migration of peritoneal exudate cells collected from hamsters experimentally infected with M. pneumoniae was inhibited in the presence of M. pneumoniae antigen. Migration inhibition was demonstrable 1 week after intranasal inoculation of the hamsters with M. pneumoniae organisms and reached a peak 2 to 3 weeks after inoculation. The migration inhibition test became positive before specific CF antibodies had appeared.
Fetal Lymphoid Tissues: Antibody Production in Vitro
Authors: Tyan Marvin L. , Ness Dolly B. , Gibbs Priscilla R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is now thought that in the mature mammal, cell-mediated immune reactions are controlled by a bone marrow-derived, thymuspassaged cell(s) (1–3), while normal antibody production is dependent upon the interactions of macrophages, bone marrow-derived antibody-producing cells and a bone marrowderived, thymus-passaged cell whose specific function(s) is still to some degree in debate (4, 5). Although evidence has been presented that antibody production and specificity in response to “thymus-dependent” antigens results from the reactions between antigen, the antibody-producing cell, and thymus-passaged cells (6), other observations have suggested that limited antibody production and to a great degree the specificity of the antibody, are innately determined by the antibody-producing cells and their precursors (7). Lymphoid precursors, taken from mouse embryos as early as 3 days before the appearance of the thymic rudiment (i.e., on the 9th day of gestation), are able to produce immunoglobulins in thymectomized-irradiated hosts as well as they do in shamthymectomized controls (8); moreover, these cells are capable of a limited antibody response in the absence of the thymus when stimulated with sheep red blood cells (SRBC)2 (7).
Human Leukocyte Migration Inhibition in Agarose Using Four Antigens: Correlation with Skin Reactivity
Authors: Astor Stephen H. , Spitler Lynn E. , Frick Oscar L. , Hugh Fudenberg H. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A technique is described for the in vitro evaluation of human cellular immunity by determining the inhibition of the migration of peripheral buffy coat leukocytes in agarose plates after incubation of the cells with and without antigens. The technique is simple to perform and results can be obtained in 18 hr. With three antigens (Candida, PPD and SK-SD), the results correlated well with skin reactivity in normal subjects.
Localization of Endogenous C-Type Virus in the Glomerular Basement Membrane of Aged AKR Mice
Authors: Batzing Barry L. , Hanna M. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Naturally occurring glomerulonephritis in conventional NZB (1), AKR (2), and RF (3) mice has been associated with an immune complex etiology. In all three cases, it has been demonstrated that the glomerular lesion is a result, in part, of chronic deposition of immune complexes of endogenous Gross virus-specific cell surface and/or soluble antigens with “G natural” antibody. Glomerular lesions of this type also have been observed in AKR (4) and BALB/c (5) mice with experimentally induced leukemias, and in the latter study they were specifically associated with immune complexes involving antigens of the exogenous murine leukemia virus (MuLV).3 At the ultrastructural level, this glomerulonephritis is characterized by marked thickening of localized regions of the glomerular basement membrane (5, 6), which is thought to result from the immune complex deposition (7). We report here the localization of intact endogenous C-type virus within the basement membrane of aged AKR mice showing evidence of chronic glomerulonephritis.
On the Transfer of DNP-BSA Hypersensitivity in Guinea Pigs by Means of Irradiated Donor Plasma. Evidence That the Cutaneous Reactivity Is Hapten-Specific and Mediated Via DNP Antibody
Authors: Richardson Walter P. , Paterson Philip Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cutaneous sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin was transferred with plasma from sensitized, irradiated guinea pigs following the procedure of Dupuy and Good (1). Enhanced cutaneous reactivity was observed in recipients of plasma from irradiated (800 rads) donors as compared to plasma from nonirradiated donors. Cutaneous reactions of plasma recipients were greater at 3 to 4 hr than at 24 hr after skin testing and they exhibited clear-cut hapten, as opposed to carrier, specificity. The plasma used to transfer this sensitivity contained precipitating antibody which also was hapten-specific. These data demonstrate that the transferred sensitivity was “immediate” and due to circulating, precipitating DNP antibody producing a toxic antigen-antibody complex reaction of the Arthus type.
A Genetically Determined Antibody Response to Poly (l-Lysine) in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Levin Howard , Stollar B. David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability of poly(l-lysine) alone and poly(l-lysine) complexed to RNA to produce specific anti-poly(l-lysine) antibodies in strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs was tested with a sensitive complement fixation assay. The sera from all immunized strain 2 guinea pigs showed anti-poly(l-lysine) antibodies while none were detected in the sera from immunized strain 13 guinea pigs. The antibody nature of the reactive serum component was confirmed by ammonium sulfate precipitation, antiglobulin absorption and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The sera reacted specifically with poly(l-lysine) and not with poly (d-lysine), poly(d-arginine) or poly(l-ornithine). The results demonstrate that poly(l-lysine) itself, in adjuvant, is capable of eliciting specific anti-poly(l-lysine) antibodies and that this response is controlled by the poly(l-lysine) gene.
Evolutionary Studies of Rabbit Allotypes
Authors: Rodkey L. Scott , Hansen Ernil 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preparations of IgG F(ab′)2 fragments from domestic rabbits (NZW), hares (JR), and cottontail rabbits (Cot) were compared by indirect radioimmunoassay inhibition techniques for a comparison of the interrelatedness of the antigenic determinants reacting with anti-NZW allotype antisera.
JR F(ab′)2 molecules that were reactive with anti-NZW allotype antisera did not inhibit a reaction of NZW molecules with anti-allotype antisera. In another inhibition system, unlabeled JR molecules inhibited a reaction between I*JR molecules and anti-NZW allotype antisera better than did the homologous unlabeled NZW molecules. A third genus (Cot) was used for comparison and the results of the study suggested that the reactions observed could be explained best by the presence of different numbers of antigenic determinant sites shared between the three species that are identified by anti-NZW allotype antisera.
The present data appear to favor the presence of a limited number of germ line genes coding for variable regions of Ig molecules since the time for evolving numerous identical mutations in each of thousands of germ line genes is limited to less than 2 × 106 years in lagomorphs.
Immunochemical Studies on Dextrans
Authors: Torii Mitsuo , Sakakibara Keiko , Kabat Elvin A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human and rabbit antidextrans of α(1 → 2) specificity have been further characterized as to their combining sites based on oligosaccharide inhibition assays with three trisaccharides: 1) αdGlc(1 → 2)αdGlc(1 → 6)dGlc, 2) αdGlc·(1 → 6)αdGlc(1 → 2)dGlc and 3) αdGlc(1 → 2)[αdGlc(1 → 6)]dGlc. After absorption of α(1 → 6) specific antibody, the human antidextran sera contained antibodies complementary to trisaccharide 1 while the rabbit antisera contained antibodies complementary to both trisaccharides 1 and 2. With human antidextrans with non-α(1 → 2) specificity these trisaccharides were not the best inhibitors. The various rabbit antisera studied with dextrans of predominantly α(1 → 6) linkages showed combining site sizes with upper limits complementary to IM5, IM4 and IM3. The cross-reaction of horse antipneumococcal type XII antiserum was best inhibited by trisaccharide 1.
Transplantability and Antigenicity of Two Sublines of the TA3 Tumor
Authors: Sanford Barbara H. , Codington John F. , Jeanloz Roger W. , Palmer Peter D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Loss of specificity in the strain A mammary ascites carcinoma subline TA3-Ha appears to be related to decreased immunogenicity rather than to increased immunoresistance. Allogeneic hosts could be induced to reject potentially lethal inocula of TA3-Ha cells by addition of cells from the more specific TA3-St subline or by presensitization with skin grafts from strain A mice. The nonspecific TA3-Ha subline absorbed markedly less activity from H-2 antisera than strain-specific TA3-St cells; however, the absorption capacity of nonspecific TA3-Ha cells for H-2 antisera was noticeably increased by lyophilization, suggesting decreased exposure of H-2 antigens at the cell surface of intact TA3-Ha cells. It is suggested that inaccessibility of histocompatibility antigens on the TA3-Ha cell may be related to presence of a unique sialoglycoprotein at the cell surface in this tumor subline. With the strain-specific TA3-St subline, lyophilization increased H-2k antigenicity while decreasing H-2d activity. The magnitude of these changes, however, was much less than that observed with either H-2d or H-2k antigenicity after lyophilization of TA3-Ha cells.
Role of the Thymus in Tolerance
Authors: Ha T.-Y. , Waksman B. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thymocytes or spleen cells were transferred from normal adult Lewis rats that had received 100 mg bovine γ-globulin intraperitoneally to intact adult syngeneic recipients. The recipients, after challenge at 24 hr with antigen in complete adjuvant, showed inhibition of the Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity responses and a slight delay in the formation of hemagglutinating and hemolytic antibody but not anaphylactic antibody. The effect was specific and apparently was not due to transferred antigen (transfer of killed thymocytes or spleen cells had no effect); it was observed between 18 and 72 hr after the injection of bovine γ-globulin in donor animals.
Demonstration of Proliferation by Bone Marrow-Derived Lymphocytes of Guinea Pigs, Mice and Rabbits in Response to Mitogen Stimulation in Vitro
Authors: Elfenbein Gerald J. , Harrison Michael R. , Green Ira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have shown by simultaneous complement receptor lymphocyte rosette and radioautographic techniques that guinea pig, mouse, and rabbit bone marrow-derived (B) cells proliferate in vitro in response to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and S. typhosa endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. PHA, Con A, and PWM are predominantly thymus-derived (T) cell mitogens in the guinea pig, mouse and rabbit. LPS is predominantly a B cell stimulant in the guinea pig but predominantly a T cell stimulant in the mouse.
Demonstration of Proliferation by Guinea Pig and Rabbit Bone Marrow-Derived Lymphocytes in Vitro in Response to Stimulation by Anti-Immunoglobulin Antisera
Authors: Elfenbein Gerald J. , Harrison Michael R. , Mage Rose G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have employed simultaneous complement receptor lymphocyte rosette and radioautographic techniques to investigate the proliferative response of guinea pig lymph node and rabbit peripheral blood bone marrow-drived (B) lymphocytes to stimulation with anti-immunoglobulin antisera. We have shown directly that all of the proliferative response due to anti-immunoglobulin antisera occurred in the complement receptor lymphocyte (B cell) subpopulation.
Studies on Brain Antigens
Authors: MacPherson Catherine F. C. , Yo Sui-Lan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Pretreatment of guinea pigs with a purified bovine spinal cord protein (β1-SCP) prevented them from developing experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE) when they were subsequently challenged with an excessive dose of bovine spinal cord in complete Freund's adjuvant. In contrast, guinea pigs treated with protein obtained from bovine liver or with protein extracted from the gray matter of bovine brain developed EAE similar in severity to the disease induced in animals which had not been pretreated. When used to challenge guinea pigs, β1-SCP was not encephalitogenic at a level of 300 µg. This was the total amount of β1-SCP used for the pretreatment of each animal. The protective activity of the β1-SCP is assumed to be mediated by anti-SCP immunoglobulin but at this stage of our research the mechanism of the protective action is not clear. The protective action may not be directed specifically against lymphocytes sensitized to the encephalitogenic protein of myelin because anti-β1-SCP antibody did not react in immunodiffusion experiments with myelin isolated by differential centrifugation.
Immunocompetent Cells of the Chicken. III Cooperation of Carrier Sensitized T Cells from Agammaglobulinemic Donors with Hapten Immune B Cells
Authors: Weinbaum F. I. , Gilmour D. G. , Thorbecke G. J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Excellent adoptive anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody responses were obtained from cooperation between bovine serum albumin (BSA) sensitized spleen cells from agamma-globulinemic bursectomized chickens and TNP-Keyhole limpet hemocyanin immune spleen cells from normal chickens upon challenge with TNP-BSA in recipients. A contribution of anti-carrier antibody of bursal cell origin in this anti-hapten response could be ruled out since synergy was obtained in the absence of a detectable humoral response to BSA.
Retention of Lymphocyte Characteristics by Myelomas and θ+-Lymphomas: Sensitivity to Cortisol and Phytohemagglutinin
Authors: Ralph Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Seven θ+murine lymphomas in culture are very sensitive to killing by phytohemagglutinin; myeloma cell lines and a myeloid leukemia in culture are resistant. Pokeweed mitogen exerts an inhibitory effect both on lymphomas and myelomas, but only at high concentrations. Most of the lymphomas are inhibited by 10-6 M cortisol whereas myeloma cells are generally resistant to the steroid at 10-4 M. However, some IgA myelomas are as sensitive as lymphomas.