bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Immunostimulatory Effect of Probiotic Conditioned Medium on RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages
Authors: Al-Najjar Mohammad AA , Abdulrazzaq Shaymaa B. , Alzaghari Lujain F , Mahmod Asma Ismail , Omar Amin , Hasen Eliza , Athamneh Tamara , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Barakat Muna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Probiotics are a mixture of beneficial live bacteria and/or yeasts that naturally survive in our bodies. Recently, loads of studies have focused on their role in the immune system and digestive tract. This study examines the immunostimulatory effect of commercially available-probiotic conditioned medium (CM) on RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Probiotic CM has been prepared by culturing the commercially available probiotic in a cell-culture medium overnight at 37°C, followed by centrifugation and filter-sterilization to be tested on macrophages. The immunostimulatory effect of different dilution percentages (50%, 75%, 100%) of CM was examined using MTT assay, pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor TNF-alpha) production in macrophages., migration, and Phagocytosis assays. For all the examined CM ratios, the percentages of cell viability were > 80%. Regarding the migration scratch, TNF-alpha and phagocytosis assays, CM demonstrated a concentration-dependent immunostimulatory effect. However, the undiluted CM (100%) illustrated a significant (p-value < 0.05) stimulatory effect compared to the positive and negative control. The findings suggest that the secretions and products of probiotics, as measured in CM, may be closely linked to their immune-boosting effects. Understanding this relationship between probiotic secretions and immune function is crucial for further exploring the potential benefits of probiotics in enhancing overall health and well-being.
Facultative commensalism of gastropods (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Neoponera verenae Forel, 1922 (Formicidae: Ponerinae) nests
Authors: Soares Mariane , Correia Igor , Santos Josieia , Delabie Jacques , D'ávila Stephane , Mariano Cléa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ants are a ubiquitous, diverse, and ecologically dominant group and use different types of substrates for nesting. Ant nests offer protection and food in a temperature- and humidity-stable environment. Such an environment attracts numerous organisms that live in association with these social insects. The occurrence and interactions of some myrmecophilous groups have been widely studied, such as those of coleopterans and lepidopterans. Other groups have been neglected in this regard, such as gastropods. This study presents a series of observations of the interactions between gastropods and the Neotropical ponerine ant Neoponera verenae. A total of 56 individuals belonging to four families, seven genera, and eight species of terrestrial gastropods were found in ant nests established in three types of substrates (dry cocoa pod, soil, and decaying wood trunk). The most frequent gastropod family was Achatinidae (n = 41), followed by Scolodontidae (n = 13), Helicinidae (n = 1), and Vitrinidae (n = 1). The most frequent genera were Allopeas and Leptinaria (both from Achatinidae), which together accounted for 57.1% of the observed specimens. Young and adult individuals of Leptinaria sp.1 were found in ant nests. Neither aggressive nor predatory behaviors were recorded in interactions between ants and gastropods. Gastropods mainly made use of the shelter provided by ant nests, their favorable and stable microclimatic conditions, and the abundant food resources stored in waste chambers. Our study includes unpublished records of ant nest commensals and presents hypotheses on the close interactions between gastropods and ants.
Major postmortem pulmonary histopathological findings in preterm infants in Ethiopia
Authors: Tola Mesfin Asefa , Perez Ramon Portales , Nigussie Assaye K , Ayele Rahell Hailu , Beyera Tigist Desta , Mamed Messele Bezabih , Gurji Tiruzer Bekele , Gebrehiywot Addisu Alemu , Shumiye Yonas Girma , Bekuretsion Yonas , Gizaw Mahlet Abayneh , Eshetu Beza Alemu , Mekasha Amha , Worku Bogale , Bonger Zelalem Tazu , Kebede Zemene Tigabu , McClure Elizabeth M , Goldenberg Robert L , Muhe Lulu M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Respiratory disorders are the leading cause of death in preterm infants. Postmortem lung histological findings may help to confirm or exclude a clinical diagnosis. This study aims to describe the common postmortem pulmonary histological findings and their potential contributions to preterm neonatal mortality in Ethiopia.
Methods
A prospective, multicenter, and cross-sectional clinical study of preterm infants was conducted in five hospitals in three regions of Ethiopia. A total of 4,919 preterm infants were enrolled, and of these, 3,852 were admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Within 28 days of postnatal age, 1,109 or 29% of those admitted to the NICU died. Consent was requested from all parents for a complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA) and was obtained in 441 of the preterm neonates who died. Histopathological examination of representative lung tissues was performed.
Results
On histopathologic examination of the lungs of these deceased preterm neonates, the major abnormal histological changes observed were hyaline membrane disease (HMD) in 81.6%, pneumonia in 44.7%, pulmonary hemorrhage or diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in 39%, and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in 5.9%. A combination of histopathological findings, two or more, were also observed in > 30% of the preterm lungs.
Conclusions
HMD was the most common pulmonary finding in extremely and moderately preterm infants. The highly prevalent pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage, together with the frequently observed HMD, might have significantly contributed to their deaths. Histopathological findings, beyond confirming a clinical suspicion, can be used as an input in redesigning clinical-radiological parameters to identify respiratory pathologies, particularly pneumonia, in preterm infants.
Headache alleviation with nasal irrigation following endoscopic endonasal surgery for pituitary adenomas
Authors: Gu Jiayu , Chen Xiaoqun , Cheng Xiaoman , Zou Yunzhi , Deng Zekun , Li Depei , Zhou Zhihuan , Jiang Xiaobing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Headache is very frequent following endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for pituitary adenomas, and affects the quality of life of patients, but was seldomly concerned before. This study aims to investigate the effect of nasal irrigation on relieving headache after EES.
Methods
A cohort of 101 pituitary adenoma patients (Cohort I) undergone EES were retrospectively analyzed to explore the risk factors of postoperative headache. Another cohort of 72 patients (Cohort II) accepted adjuvant nasal irrigation following surgery, were enrolled for further analysis. The Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) was used to score the headache, and patients with a HIT score of > 55 was considered with headache.
Results
In cohort I, 21.78% of patients suffered headache 1-month after EES, but decreased to 5.94% 3-month postoperatively. Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative sinusitis (OR = 3.88, 95%CI 1.16–13.03, p = 0.028) and Hardy's grade C-D (OR = 10.53, 95%CI 1.02-109.19, p = 0.049) independently predicted the presence of postoperative headache at 1 month. At the follow up of 3 months, the HIT-6 score was higher in the patients with sinusitis than the one without sinusitis (44.43 ± 9.78 vs. 39.72 ± 5.25, p = 0.017). In Cohort II, the incidence of sinusitis at 3 months was significantly lower than that in Cohort I (p = 0.028). More importantly, both headache incidence and HIT-6 score of the patients in Cohort II were significantly lower than those in Cohort I, at the follow up at 1- and 3- month.
Conclusions
Postoperative sinusitis is an independent risk factor for the presence of headache following EES for pituitary adenomas. And prophylactic nasal irrigation helps to relieve postoperative headache, probably by preventing the presence of sinusitis.
Combination of electrophysiological mapping, RFCA, and atrial appendectomy in a 5-year- old girl with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: A case report
Authors: Zhang Min , Cao Xiaoxiao , zhang Yong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Atrial tachycardia (AT) originating from the left atrial appendage (LAA) is uncommon and the most difficult arrhythmia to eliminate. Herein, we present the case of a 5-year-old girl with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TCM) caused by ATs originating from the LAA who was successfully treated with a combination of electrophysiological mapping, radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), and atrial appendectomy. The effectiveness and safety of this combination therapy were evaluated through a 1-month follow-up period.
Case presentation: A 5-year-old female patient presented with cough for 3 days and syncope for 1 day. Surface echocardiography and 24-hour monitoring showed that the patient had persistent atrial tachycardia. Echocardiography revealed that the patient had an enlarged left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (46.1 mm) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (28.53%). The location of the lesion at the apex of the LAA was further confirmed by an electrophysiological study and RFCA. After RFCA, electrocardiographic monitoring showed a sinus rhythm with occasional paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Finally, atrial appendectomy was performed, and the sinus rhythm returned to normal.
Conclusions. The heart function of the child improved and sinus rhythm persisted, proving the safety and effectiveness of the combined therapy of electrophysiological mapping, RFCA, and atrial appendectomy on TCM caused by ATs originating from the LAA.
Prognostic value of PD-L1 and CD8+TILS expression in patients with stage III rectal cancer
Authors: Li Baokun , Wang Feifei , Yang Fei , Han Jaxu , Meng Zesong , Zhou Chaoxi , Zhang Jianfeng , Yu Bin , Wang Guiying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the relationship between programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS), and the prognostic relationship between PD-L1 and CD8+ TILS expression on patients with stage III rectal cancer.
Methods
One hundred and sixteen rectal cancer patients who all underwent D2 radical surgery and all had no preoperative treatment were collected from January 2008 to December 2014 attending the Colorectal Cancer Treatment Center of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, and we applied immunohistochemical methods to measure PD-L1 expression, CD8+TILS expression and the relationship between PD-L1 and CD8+TILS density expression. Their association with clinicopathology was evaluated and their prognostic value was predicted.
Results
The positive expression rate of PD-L1 in rectal cancer tissues was 19.0% (22/116), while the high-density CD8+ in rectal cancer tissues was 54.3% (63/116) and the low-density CD8+ in rectal cancer tissues was 45.7% (53/116). (P > 0.05), while there was a statistically significant difference in the depth of tumour invasion and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Similarly, in the relationship between PD-L1/CD8 density, we also saw no statistically significant differences in age, gender and tumour size (P > 0.05), while there were statistically significant differences in the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), and PD-L1 negative patients had a better prognosis compared to PD-L1 positive patients. In the analysis of PD-L1/CD8+TILS correlation and survival factors we concluded that patients in the negative PD-L1 and high CD8+TILS groups had the best prognosis and longer survival, while patients in the negative PD-L1 and low CD8+TILS groups had the worst prognosis and shorter survival.
Conclusion
PD-L1, CD8+TILS and PD-L1/CD8+TILS can be used as indicators for monitoring recurrence and metastasis in stage III rectal cancer, and also provide more effective guidance for immunotherapy in patients with advanced rectal cancer at a later stage.
Glacier retreat erodes plant–insect interaction diversity
Authors: Tu Bao Ngan , Khelidj Nora , Cerretti Pierfilippo , de Vere Natasha Louise , Ferrari Andrea , Paone Francesco , Polidori Carlo , Schmid Jürg , Sommaggio Daniele , Losapio Gianalberto 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The retreat of glaciers worldwide is causing changes in species diversity, community composition and species interactions. However, the impact of glacier retreat on interaction diversity and ecological networks remains poorly understood. An integrative understanding of network dynamics is of major importance to supporting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning after glacier extinction. Here, we address how glacier retreat affects the frequency, complexity, and diversity of plant–insect interactions, both directly and indirectly through biodiversity change. We surveyed flower visitors and analyzed visitation networks along the foreland of the Mont Miné glacier (Valais, Switzerland). As glacier retreat impacts both plant and insect communities, we observe sharp changes in the diversity of plant–insect interactions and the structure of pollination networks. We find an increase in the frequency of interactions following glacier retreat, but an ultimate decrease with glacier extinction. After controlling for the effects of floral diversity, interaction frequency showed a regular ‘universal’ pattern. Accordingly, the complexity of pollination networks and interaction diversity tends to change at constant rates with glacier retreat. Our results indicate that glacier retreat decreases biodiversity and influences the stability of ecological networks. The good news is that increasing floral diversity counteracts these impacts by increasing interaction diversity and supporting complexity. Slowing down woody encroachment and enhancing floral diversity may therefore be key strategies for halting the erosion of ecological networks while increasing biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
WITHDRAWN: Analysis of the Characteristics of "Na Space" in Zhuang ethnic Traditional Village Settlement ——A case study of traditional village settlements in southwest Guangxi
Authors: Zhang Dong , Huang Yuanting , Cheng Mingyang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The You river and Zou river, tributaries of the Pearl River in southwest Guangxi, are the origin of the Zhuang ancestors. ("Na" means paddy field in Zhuang language) and the Zhuang ethnic culture system of southwest Guangxi is dominated by the unique "Na culture", and "Na space" is the typical spatial form of traditional villages corresponding to the Zhuang culture in this region. Based on the purpose of systematically summarising the ethnic cultural system of the Zhuang minority and establishing the overall Zhuang villages spatial morphology cognition, the study uses spatial syntax axis analysis to quantify the spatial morphology of the sample villages. The Zhuang of southwest Guangxi can be divided into stripes, clusters and scattered clusters according to the overall morphology, which correspond to the linear, the intersection of village and nature and the compact spatial relationship represented by "Na space". Combined with the overall spatial comprehensibility of the traditional Zhuang villages is less than 0.7, the difference between the ethnic nodes "Na space" and the core axis ranges from 0.05–0.5, with a certain range of data fluctuations and other quantitative results, it is proposed that the space of Zhuang villages is an ethnic characteristic "Na space" with a weak boundary in the overall morphology, a strong spatial in the order, and a high and flexible distribution of the node space.The results suggest that Zhuang villages space is an ethnic characteristic "Na space" with weak boundary, strong spatial order and high flexibility in node space distribution. The Zhuang ethnic group is the most populous ethnic group in China, and this study can provide reference for future international research on ethnic minorities and the spatial pattern of their traditional villages.
Metagenomic and metabolomic profiling of dried shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) prepared by a procedure traditional to the south China coastal area
Authors: Yu Mingjia , Liu Jiannan , Chen Junjia , Lin Chuyi , Deng Shiqing , Wu Minfu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Sun-drying is a traditional process for preparing dried shrimp in coastal area of South China, but its impacts on nutrition and the formation of flavor-contributory substances in dried shrimp remain largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of the production process on the microbiota and metabolites in dried shrimp. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was employed to identify 170 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with Vibrio, Photobacterium, and Shewanella emerging as the primary pathogenic bacteria in shrimp samples. Lactococcus lactis was identified as the principal potential probiotic to accrue during the dried shrimp production process, and found to contribute significantly to the development of desirable shrimp flavors. LC-MS-based analyses of dried shrimp sample metabolomes revealed a notable increase in compounds associated with unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and flavonoid and flavanol biosynthesis throughout the drying process. Subsequent exploration of the relationship between metabolites and bacterial flora highlighted the predominant coexistence of Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, and Photobacterium contributing heterocyclic compounds and metabolites of organic acids and their derivatives. Conversely, Arthrobacter and Staphylococcus were found to inhibit each other, primarily in the presence of heterocyclic compounds. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the dynamic changes in the microbiota and metabolites of dried shrimps spanning different drying periods, which we expect to contribute to enhancing production techniques and safety measures for dried shrimp processing.
Recombinant human thrombopoietin improves platelet engraftment after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with aggressive lymphoma
Authors: Xu Yang , Qiu Xi , Fan Yili , Wang Luyao , Jiang Huawei , Xiao Xibin , Chen Boxiao , Zhang Jiawei , Huang Liansheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy (HDT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), recommended as consolidation therapy for high-risk lymphoma, or salvage therapy for relapsed/refractory lymphoma, has shown survival benefits for patients [1-3]. However, the complications of transplant-related infection and bleeding as well as disease recurrence and progression, remain serious clinical problems to be solved.
The median time to platelet engraftment after ASCT ranges from 9 to 38 days [4]. Prolonged platelet engraftment increases the risk of bleeding events, even life-threatening, and also leads to platelet transfusion dependence or resistance accompanied by the increasing incidence of transfusion side effects [5]. All of the above results in prolonged hospital stay, increased medical cost and decreased quality of life for patients [6-8]. However, there is no effective therapeutic strategy to promote platelet engraftment after ASCT.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), as a hematopoietic growth factor, could promote thrombopoiesis by stimulating the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into megakaryocytes and the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes [9-12]. Recombinant human TPO (rhTPO), which retains the amino acid sequence identical to endogenous TPO, has been widely used in chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, immune thrombocytopenia [13, 14] and aplastic anemia (AA) [15]. The safety of rhTPO has been established for decades in previous studies [16, 17] for decades. Recent studies in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) demonstrated that rhTPO could promote platelet engraftment and reduce platelet transfusion [18, 19], and even significantly improve the prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and AA [20]. And rhTPO was also found to accelerate platelet engraftment after ASCT in patients with multiple myeloma, especially for those with poor CD34+ cell counts [21]. Our present study evaluated the efficacy and safety of rhTPO after ASCT in patients with malignant lymphoma.
Using evolutionary game theory to study the layout of urban distribution centers with considering consumers' green preference
Authors: li Shilong , Wei Zhenlin , Wang Haoxiang , Li Chen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The geographical layout of urban distribution centers (DCs) affects not only the efficiency of distribution activities, but also the amount of negative externalities arising from delivery vehicles. Recently, the phenomenon of logistic sprawl has significantly reduced the social welfare as more negative externalities are produced. Government should play key role in optimizing the layout of urban DCs through incentive policy. For the first time, we apply the evolutionary game theory in controlling the layout of urban DCs with considering consumers’ green preference. We have developed a basic evolutionary game model based on static tax and subsidy to investigate the interactive mechanism between distribution enterprises (DEs) and government. Then we analyze the evolutionary behavior of DEs and government in three dynamic mechanisms: dynamic tax and static subsidy, dynamic subsidy and static tax, and dynamic tax and dynamic subsidy. Finally, a case study of optimizing the layout of DCs of Beijing is conducted. The simulation results show that the static tax and static subsidy mechanism cannot reach an evolutionary stable point, the three dynamic mechanisms can get the evolutionary stable state (ESS) effectively, in which the dynamic subsidy and static taxation is most effective for reaching the highest level of stable proportion state. In addition, we perform a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the influence of consumers' green preference on the evolutionary path of green DEs. This study can provide theoretical support for the government to formulate scientific incentive policies to guide the rational layout of urban DCs.
Extraction and Virtual Restoration of Scratched and Cracked Murals with Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Qiao Kezhen , Hou Miaole , Lyu Shuqiang , Sun Pengyu , Li Lihong , Zhang Zhensong , Duan Haishi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the increase of attention to the protection of cultural relics, it is of urgent practical significance to restore the various deterioration in the murals. In view of previous studies, there are various problems such as using single data and restoring single deterioration type. We use hyperspectral images to enhance the scratches and cracks on murals and find their commonality in the images. First, an information enhancement method was proposed, which including PCA transformation, high-pass filter and improved local contrast enhancement. Second, in the result of enhanced information, the deterioration information was extracted by making non-deteriorationmask, multi-scale bottom hat transformation and Otsu threshold segmentation. Then the extracted results were denoised by connected domain marker and morphological. And the damaged image was restored by the method of Fast-Marching. Finally, the results of deterioration information under different enhancement methods were discussed. The proposed was significantly improved the extraction accuracy. We also evaluated the image restoration accuracy of different virtual restoration methods, and found that FMM has applicability when restoring large cracks and scratches in the mural.