bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of pension provision of scientific workers: realities of today
Authors: Vapnyarchuk B.V. 
Published: September 2023

The problems of pension provision in Ukraine today are one of the most acute issues, primarily due to its low level, the imperfection of the current legal regulation, the existence of various social and demographic problems in the state. It is noted that today the domestic pension system is financially unstable, does not provide the size of pensions in accordance with the labor contribution of the majority of citizens and at the same time creates conditions for preferential (mostly unfair) pension provision for a significant number of pensioners. The issue of the prosperity and quality of life of pensioners is becoming more and more urgent, because their financial condition is significantly lower than in European countries. Therefore, it is proposed to include the restoration of justice in the determination of pension payments – both today and in the future – among the important and priority tasks of the state. Because if a person has worked honestly all his life, he should be guaranteed a decent pension. The purpose of the article is to consider the features of pension provision for scientific workers in today’s conditions, on the basis of which to draw appropriate conclusions. It is noted that the legal regulation of the pension provision of scientific workers is imperfect, does not sufficiently ensure the prestige of scientific work and does not stimulate the systematic renewal of scientific personnel. Attention was drawn to the expediency of mandatory annual indexation of pensions, including the pensions of scientists, and the introduction of a fair mechanism for calculating their payments.Since the provision of economic, social and legal guarantees for employees, in particular the employees of the scientific sphere - scientists, as well as the creation of conditions for conducting effective scientific research, will increase the prestige of engaging in scientific activity. One of the ways to achieve the result and implement the functions assigned to the state should be to improve the legislative framework for the regulation of social security relations, as well as social protection and pension provision of scientific workers.It is noted that the implementation of state policy in this area is possible based on the improvement of legal regulation and adaptation of pension provision to international standards.
Normative legal support of trade secrets and the place of labor legislation in it
Authors: Zhyhylii S.P. 
Published: September 2023

The article examines the regulatory legal protection of commercial secrecy and the place of labor legislation in it. It is noted that the availability of effective regulatory and legal instruments provided by the state, state bodies and local self-government bodies is one of the most important areas of legal regulation of trade secrets in Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the fact that relations related to the protection of commercial secrets are regulated by normative legal acts belonging to various branches of law, in particular the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Economic Code of Ukraine, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, the Laws of Ukraine “On information”, “On scientific and technical information”, “On protection against unfair competition”, and define only the general principles of legal regulation of such relations. As for the current labor legislation, it still does not contain norms dedicated to commercial secrets, in particular, the regime of using commercial secrets is not defined, the procedure for using commercial secrets in labor relations, the employer’s measures to prevent its disclosure, the employee’s obligations to preserve in the secret of confidential information, etc. In the course of the study, it was concluded that today the state of legal protection of commercial secrets in Ukraine needs to be improved. Current regulatory and legal measures to ensure commercial secrecy in Ukraine cannot fully ensure effective legal regulation of the said institute. The need for the adoption of a separate cross-industry normative legal act, which should regulate the issues of creation, use, preservation, disclosure of trade secrets, the definition of trade secrets, their characteristics, conditions of legal protection, the list of information that constitutes/does not constitute a trade secret, has long been overdue. , the emergence of subjects of the right to trade secrets, the possibility of crediting trade secrets to the company’s balance sheet as an intangible asset, the procedure for disclosing trade secrets to law enforcement and control bodies, the responsibility of state bodies for the disclosure of trade secrets, protection and protection of the latter and other issues related to trade secrets information
Latency as a feature of corruption crime
Authors: Kikalishvili M. 
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes latent corruption crime and the problems of its detection, the reasons for its existence and growth. The author emphasizes the importance of studying this issue given the extremely high level of latency of corruption crime, which creates significant problems in combating it. It is noted that when studying the level of natural latency of corruption offenses, it is advisable to use the methodology of criminological stratification of society, but with a large-scale victimization study.
The author also proposes other methods of studying the latency of corruption offenses. The author emphasizes that the list of such methods is not exhaustive. And a more accurate picture of the real indicators of the latency of corruption crime can be obtained only with the integrated application of various methods and comparison of the results obtained.
It is noted that one of the reasons for the latency of corruption crime is a specific relationship in which none of the parties involved is considered a victim or a victimized party, and the party impedes the criminal prosecution conducted by law enforcement agencies so that they do not learn about the commission of a criminal offense.
The author reveals the relevance and importance of combating the latency of corruption crime.
The author concludes that a true assessment of governmental corruption, the extent of corruption, and the nature of corruption helps to make a correct assessment of the situation with corruption and its structure, to predict its possible development and consequences, to formulate effective anti-corruption strategies and tactics, and to identify adequate means of preventing corruption in Ukraine.
The specificity of relations in corruption offenses, specific methods of their commission and related methods of concealment reflect the existing high level of latency of corruption offenses. The latency of corruption is a reason that prevents the detection of such criminal offenses directly during their preparation or commission and does not allow to focus on the specific conditions and circumstances necessary for their elimination. All of these facts significantly complicate the process of detecting corruption offenses, which is characterized by the need to use complex methods and specific tools and measures that differ from those used to detect and prove other types of criminal offenses.
Criminal law protection of state sovereignty as part of the state policy in the sphere of counteraction crimes in the context of the armed aggression of russia
Authors: Kubalskiy V. 
Published: September 2023

The article provides arguments regarding the expediency of using the concept of «state policy in the sphere of counteraction crimes», despite the widespread use of the concepts of «criminal law policy» and «state policy in the sphere of combating crime».
The content of the concept of «the state policy in the sphere of counteraction crimes» is analyzed. It has been established that the criminal law protection of state sovereignty belongs to one of the most priority direction of state policy in the sphere of counteraction crime. Russia’s full-scale armed aggression against Ukraine in 2022 makes it necessary to increase the effectiveness of countering сriminally illegal encroachments on state sovereignty.
The article draws attention to the fact that protection of the state sovereignty of Ukraine is ensured not only by the provisions of chapters I, IX, XIV, XV and XX of the Special part of the Criminal сode of Ukraine, which provide for criminal liability for encroachment on state sovereignty. The Act of Ukraine «On sanctions» allows the state to apply special economic and other restrictive measures (sanctions) for the purpose of protecting national interests, national security, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, countering terrorist activities.
The author states that, taking into account the need to increase the effectiveness of state policy in the sphere of counteraction crimes in part of criminal law protection of state sovereignty in the context of armed aggression of the russian federation, there is further criminalization of acts and differentiation of criminal responsibility in particular for subversive anti-state activities and actions (encroachments) that are directly aimed at violation, limitation, undermining (weakening) or loss of the state sovereignty of Ukraine, including state sovereignty in the informational, economic and other spheres. It was concluded that the amendments to the criminal legislation adopted after the start of the full-scale invasion of the russian federation in 2022 stimulate the activity of law enforcement agencies in the aspect of preventing and combating specific types of criminal offenses.
Postmortem forensic psychiatric examination in criminal proceedings
Authors: Tyshchenko O. 
Published: September 2023

The article reflects the specifics of postmortem forensic psychiatric examination in criminal proceedings. It is carried out a scientific search for the features of this examination in expert-oriented studies and interviews of expert psychiatrists. It is found that the expert assesses the mental state of the deceased person in their absence on the basis of the person’s medical documentation and the materials of the criminal proceedings. It is determined that expertly significant information is not always reliable and sufficient for the expert to fulfill the duties assigned to them. In this case, the expert must use the rules of Part 4 of Art. 69 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and refuse to give an opinion. In its turn, the court should perceive the conclusion of the postmortem forensic psychiatric examination as a source of evidence that needs to be carefully checked and evaluated in order to make a legal judgment in criminal proceedings.
Based on the analysis of judicial practice materials, it has been proven that the conclusions of the postmortem forensic psychiatric examination are used in criminal proceedings for the purpose of evaluating: versions regarding the possibility of a person to commit suicide; the mental state of the suspect, the accused, the person against whom coercive medical measures were supposed to be applied, after their death; reliability of testimony or explanations of the victim who died; reliability of testimonies or explanations of a witness who died; the presence in the expert’s actions of the composition of the criminal offense provided for in Art. 384 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
It is proposed to standardize the grounds for closing criminal proceedings upon the death of a person for whom coercive medical measures were supposed to be applied and to supplement Paragraph 5, Part 1 of Art. 284 of the CPC of Ukraine by a new subject – a person in relation to whom the application of coercive medical measures was intended. It is established that criminal proceedings regarding the use of coercive medical measures cannot be closed on the basis of Paragraph 2, Part 1 of Art. 284 of the CPC of Ukraine in the absence of the subject and the subjective party of the criminal offense.
Legitimacy of the judiciary: theoretical and methodological aspects of its assessment
Authors: Ukrainets O. 
Published: September 2023

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of assessing the legitimacy of the judiciary, in particular in the context of the formation of relevant criteria.
It was determined that the lack of legitimacy occurs only in the absence of legality, that is, in the case when judges or the court carry out their activities on illegal grounds or with a gross proven violation of the law. In all other cases, the degree of legitimacy of the judicial branch of government should be assessed, which in turn will open up new approaches and ways of improving the effectiveness of the organizational and legal support for the implementation of the judiciary.
In addition, the activities of the judicial branch of government should be aimed at increasing the level of its own legitimacy, and therefore the trust of the society, because otherwise the resolution of legal conflicts will take place in another way, not by going to court , which reduces the authority of the state mechanism as a whole. Based on the analysis, it was determined that one of the criteria for the legitimacy of the judicial branch of government should be the quality of the judicial administration system, which is expressed in quite specific measures that would simplify access to the judiciary and monitoring the progress of its dispatch with the use of modern information and analytical technologies and tools.
Conclusions were formed, which are that most of the analyzed modern approaches to the assessment of the legitimacy of the judiciary are related to the criteria for determining the quality of the administration of justice, which are scattered in various documents, in particular of the international level. As for the content of the criteria for such an assessment, the most common include: level of trust in the court; the quality of the judicial administration system; the level of satisfaction with the work of the court by the participants in the trial; conformity of court actions and decisions with legal norms; objectivity of the learning process, correctness of its result; independence and impartiality of the court during the resolution of legal cases, which is consistent with the observance of the relevant principles enshrined in the legislation.
Legal regulation for sale of goods and supply digital content in EU – analysis of novelties of new EU directives
Authors: Poperechna H. , Savanets L. 
Published: September 2023

This article is devoted to the study of new legislative instruments of the European Union in the field of unification of European contract law, namely: Directive 2019/771 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2019 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the sale of goods and Directive 2019/770 on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services of 20 May 2019. Considerable attention is paid to the study of the novelties of these legal acts, including: determining the compliance of goods, digital content and digital services with the terms of the contract, researching and establishing the criteria for such compliance, and identifying additional information obligations of the seller and supplier of digital content, digital services and goods with digital elements.
Particular attention is focused on the seller’s (supplier’s) obligations to periodically update the buyer’s (recipient’s) software in order to ensure the functioning of digital content (goods with digital elements) throughout the entire term of the contract, in accordance with its terms.
The authors analyze the presumption of non-compliance of goods with the terms of the contract and prove that the burden of proof of compliance of the transferred goods with the terms of the contract rests with the seller (supplier).
The article pays special attention to the issues of personal data protection, monetization of personal data of the buyer (recipient) of digital content and digital services.
The authors analyze the ways of protecting the violated rights of the buyer (recipient), and study the environmental friendliness of the legal provisions of the new directives in the field of restoration of the violated rights of the buyer in case of failure to transfer goods, goods with digital elements, digital content, or transfer of goods that do not comply with the terms of the contract.
The authors conclude that, given the problems and prospects for the development of the circular economy, and with a view to determining the disproportionality of the remedy chosen by the buyer, it is advisable to enshrine in the legislation on sale and purchase the requirement to take into account the impact of this remedy on the environment.
Foreign experience of personal data protection in social networks
Authors: Kravchuk V. 
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the protection of personal data based on foreign experience. Social networking has been identified as one of the most prominent cultural phenomena to emerge in the Web 2.0 era. They keep users connected and facilitate the exchange of information between them.
The European Union has adopted a new personal data protection system called the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Its main goals include providing individuals with tools to control their personal data, implementing modern standards for the protection of personal information, developing the digital space of the European Union to safeguard personal data, ensuring strict compliance by all parties, and providing legal support for the international transfer of personal information.
United States legislative documents related to aspects of data protection and privacy were analyzed, namely: California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA); Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA); Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA); State data breach notification laws.
It is noted that China has a comprehensive legal framework that regulates the protection of personal data, and includes the following legal acts: Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) and Data Security Law (DSL).
Conclusions were made that the urgency and importance of protecting personal data in social networks is due to rapid technological progress, the growth of cyber security threats and the spread of these platforms. By protecting personal data, people can maintain privacy, prevent abuse, maintain user trust, reduce risk, and comply with legal obligations. The issue of ensuring mobility and interoperability in social networks gives particular importance to the protection of personal data, as it relates to this particular data, and not just to technology, as it may be in the telecommunications sector. This requires additional thought and measures to ensure privacy and data security. Therefore, when developing legal protection mechanisms for online social networks, it is necessary to take into account and solve problems related to the protection of personal data.
Aqueous Extracts of Organic Mulch Materials Have Nematicide and Repellent Effect on Meloidogyne incognita Infective Juveniles: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Petrikovszki Renáta , Tóth Ferenc , Nagy Péter I 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
While the nematicidal effectiveness of mulching against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) is calculated within organic crop protection, underlying mechanisms are not yet fully explored. Laboratory experiments were set up to determine whether mulch-derived substances cause mortality directly, or repel Meloidogyne juveniles from crop rhizosphere. Mortality and area choice tests were conducted with mulch-derived extracts, supported by the measurements on tannic acid content and the pH values of extracts as supplementary examinations. In our study, leaf litter and straw extracts were generally found lethal to the juveniles, which is in line with the results from area preference tests. However, compost extract had no effect on Meloidogyne incognita juveniles. Tannic acid content showed positive correlation with mortality only in the case of straw and sycamore leaf litter extracts. Tannic acid and pH weakly correlated with repellent effect of the applied extracts generally. Our results have inspired further experiments to explore nematicidal components of leaf litters, contributing to the development of a new approach in crop protection based on the repellent effect of these materials.
Post-publication gatekeeping practices: Exploring conversational and visual gatekeeping on Finnish newspapers’ Instagram accounts
Authors: Salonen Margareta , Laaksonen Salla-Maaria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
News media share gatekeeping power with social media platforms and audiences in the digital news environment. This means news media is no longer the sole gatekeeper when gatekeeping is viewed post-publication, that is after news content has been published and entered circulation. In this study, we approach interacting and commenting on social media as post-publication gatekeeping practices. This means gatekeeping materialises as and in social interaction, as conversational gatekeeping. We engaged in a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Instagram posts and comments on Finnish newspapers’ Instagram accounts during a period of one year (April 2019–March 2020) to explore how conversational gatekeeping emerges in the increasingly visual and multimodal social media environment. We contribute to the emerging stream of post-publication gatekeeping research by showing how multimodal Instagram content initiated four different styles of performing conversational gatekeeping: affirmative, critical, corrective, and invitational styles. Our typology helps to understand the social interactional relationship between news media and their audiences in general, as well as the micro-level practices of post-publication gatekeeping in particular.