bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‑term Continuous-cropping System Altered the Microbial Communities and Nutrient Cycles in Bijie, Guizhou province
Authors: Ding Mengjiao , Shang Nianjie , He Yi , Hu Binbin , Cai Heqing , Dai Bin , Yang Kai , Fan Long , Bin Jun , Huang Ying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Understanding the response of microbial communities and their potential functions is essential for the long-term continuous-cropping agroecosystems. However, there are few studies on the interaction between soil physicochemical factors and microbial community dynamics in agroecosystems under long-term continuous-cropping conditions. We investigated the physicochemical properties, metabolites, and microbial diversity of rhizosphere soils in which tobacco was cropped continuously for 0, 5, and 20 years. The results showed that the bacterial diversity significantly increased and then decreased with the duration of continuous-cropping. In addition, the fungal diversity increased significantly, indicating that the change in fungi may shift the nutrient cycles of continuous-cropping karst agroecosystems. In this study, soil pH and the contents of available phosphorus (AP) and available nitrogen (AN) were the key environmental factors leading to changes in the structures and functions of microbial communities in continuous-cropping soil. The metabolites released by tobacco, such as palmitic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, stearic acid, and hippuric acid, reduced soil pH.
Synthesis and molecular-based analysis of betulin derivatives as strong multidrug reversal agents targeting P-glycoprotein
Authors: Laiolo Jerónimo , Graikioti Dafni G. , Barbieri Cecilia L. , Antoniou Antonia I. , Vera D Mariano A , Athanassopoulos Constantinos M. , Carpinella Maria Cecilia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chemotherapy is a powerful means of cancer treatment but its efficacy is compromised by the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), mainly linked to the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Based on the chemical structure of the P-gp reverser betulin identified in our previous work, a series of analogs were designed, synthesized and evaluated as a source of novel inhibitors. Compounds 6g and 6i efficiently inhibited rhodamine 123 efflux in the P-gp overexpressed leukemia cells, Lucena 1, at concentrations of 0.19 and 0.39 µM, respectively, and increased the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin at the submicromolar concentration of 0.098 µM. Compounds 6g and 6i were able to restore the sensitivity of Lucena 1 to Dox at 0.024 and 0.19 µM, respectively. Structure-activity relationship analysis and molecular modeling revealed important information about the structural features conferring activity. All the active compounds fitted in a specific region involving mainly transmembrane helices (TMH) 4–6 from one homologous half and TMH 7 and 12 from the other, also showing close contacts with TMH 6 and 12. Compounds that bound preferentially to another region were inactive, regardless of their free energy of binding. It should be noted that compounds 6g and 6i were devoid of toxic effects against peripheral blood mononuclear normal cells and erythrocytes. The data obtained indicates that both compounds might be proposed as scaffolds for obtaining promising P-gp inhibitors for overcoming MDR.
Biological conversion of agricultural wastes into indole-3-acetic acid by S. lavenduligriseus BS50-1 using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Boondaeng Antika , Vaithanomsat Pilanee , Apiwatanapiwat Waraporn , Trakunjae Chanaporn , Janchai Phornphimon , Suriyachai Nopparat , Kreetachat Torpong , Wongcharee Surachai , Imman Saksit 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Agricultural waste can be used as an alternative source for plant growth regulator (PRR) biosynthesis by microorganisms. Actinomycetes are an important group of soil microbes that play a significant role in the soil as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as well as biofertilizers. This study focused on the development of a low-cost medium based on bagasse to improve indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by S. lavenduligriseus BS50-1 using response surface methodology (RSM). Among thirty-four actinomycete strains, S. lavenduligriseus BS50-1 exhibited the highest IAA level under the selected medium. RSM based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the appropriate nutrients for IAA production. Thus, glucose hydrolysate and L-tryptophan concentrations of 3.55 g/L and 5.0 g/L were optimal factors improving IAA production from 37.50 µg/mL to 159.47 µg/mL within 168 h. This study is the first to report the potential application of leftover bagasse as raw material for the cultivation of actinomycetes as an efficient IAA producer to promote plant growth.
Perceptions and Attitudes of Medical Students and Doctors on Euthanasia
Authors: Motappa Rohith , Guleria Meghna , Singhal Aditi , Nambiar Pallavi , Gaiha Vaibhavi , Kotian Himani 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The concept of Euthanasia has recently come into the spotlight, and cases like that of Aruna Shanbaug have heavily influenced people’s opinion the topic. Whether euthanasia- done with the intention of ending suffering that otherwise cannot be helped should truly be supported or not. The thoughts on this topic- especially by those who work closely with patients who suffer from terminal illnesses- healthcare providers must be analyzed. Their perception and views on legalizing the procedure, and their hesitancy or lack thereof to perform such a procedure would give the rest of the world a clearer picture- a better standpoint to understand what to do. This study attempted to quantify and analyze the views of doctors and medical students on euthanasia.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey of 212 doctors and medical students of a private medical college in South India was conducted to determine their current attitudes toward euthanasia.
Results
The majority of the participants (66%) supported the practice of euthanasia. The majority of the participants also believe euthanasia should only be done with the explicit consent of the patient (71.7%). It was also observed that those who had heard about euthanasia via hearsay mostly agreed that it must only be done with the explicit consent of the patient. Moreover, the study also showed that those who had heard about it from hearsay and news mostly stand for it.
Conclusion
Thus it has been noted that news and media all around us heavily influence peoples’ opinions. It is concluded that these opinions have changed from the past and will likely do so depending on the environment and media around the topic.
One origin of founder mutations in Japan
Authors: Nakamura Haruna , Mizumoto Sachiko , Tanino Hirokazu , Niwa Yui , Ogino Mitsutoshi , Sakoda Yoko , Tsuchiya Kazuhiko , Kono Seishi , Konishi Muneharu , Ueno Sayaka , Kunihisa Tomonari 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Some germline pathogenic variants (PVs) have been observed with high frequency in certain regions and races and are called founder mutations. Founder mutations in BRCA1/2 genes have rarely been reported in Japan. At Kakogawa Central City Hospital, BRCA2 c.5576_5579del accounted for approximately 70% of PVs detected by BRCA1/2 genetic testing. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective observational study to investigate its distribution in Hyogo Prefecture.
Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at Kobe University Hospital and three collaborating institutions. Breast cancer patients with germline PVs detected by BRCA1/2 genetic testing between July 1, 2018 and March 31, 2021 were included. The clinical characteristics and breast cancer subtypes were compared between carriers of BRCA2c.5576_5579del and those of other PVs. The detection rate of BRCA2c.5576_5579del was also compared with that observed in a previous report.
Results: A total of 38 breast cancer patients were included; 14 of them underwent testing for companion diagnosis to poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor treatment and 24 underwent testing for diagnosis of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. PVs in BRCA1 andBRCA2 were detected in 12 and 26 patients, respectively, 12 of whom were BRCA2c.5576_5579del carriers. There were no clinicopathological differences between BRCA2PV carriers and BRCA2 c.5576_5579del carriers. BRCA2c.5576_5579del accounted for 30.8% of the PVs detected, with a particularly high frequency of 72.7% at Kakogawa Central City Hospital.
Conclusion: Our study revealed a strong founder effect for BRCA2 c.5576_5579del in breast cancer patients in Hyogo Prefecture, especially in Kakogawa City. In the future, a survey of the distribution of the BRCA2 c.5576_5579del carriers may provide more clarity regarding their localization.
Resource utilization of debris flow deposits in the gullies along Dujiangyan - Wenchuan Expressway, China
Authors: Zhang Qian , Luo Gang , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhang Longrui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The alpine valley region in southwest China is susceptible to frequent debris flow disasters, which cause the accumulation of large amounts of solid materials in the gullies and rivers, particularly behind check dams. These deposits not only reduce the storage capacity of the dams but also pose a potential threat to downstream villages if the dams fail. How to deal with these deposits presents a scientific challenge for geologists. This study focuses on investigating the silting circumstances of the structures and proposes resource utilization of debris flow deposits in the gullies along the Dujiangyan - Wenchuan Expressway. The results showed that most of the dam storage was filled with granite boulders and silt soils, rendering the dams inoperative during subsequent debris flows. As granite is a high-quality construction material suitable for building, landscaping, and decoration, which presents an opportunity for disaster reduction and economic development through resource utilization. However, improper excavations could result in associated problems, including damage to dam foundations caused by headward erosion of debris flows, increased debris flow velocity due to a steepened excavated slope, and an enhancement of the impact force on the dam. Therefore, it is crucial to pay close attention to and conduct in-depth research on these issues.
Optimizing Wheat Yield and Profitability Through Conservation Tillage and Supplementary Irrigation During Terminal Heat Stress in North Bihar
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Veeranna Jatoth , Gautam Amar Kant , Kundu Madhu Sudan , Rani Alka , Gupta Santosh Kumar , adarsh Anupam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The agricultural sector in India is a major water consumer, utilizing over 60% of the total water in the country. In order to meet the demands of the growing population and ensure food safety, irrigation is crucial for crop cultivation. However, extreme heat can negatively impact crops, particularly wheat. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of supplementary irrigation under different tillage conditions to mitigate these negative effects of terminal heat stress. The research examined the impact of tillage systems and additional irrigation on reducing terminal heat stress and enhancing wheat yields in India. Three tillage systems were implemented, including happy seeder, zero tillage, and conventional tillage. The experiment was conducted over three years in six scenarios, and the results indicated that SN-1, SN-3, and SN-5 produced higher yields than SN2, SN4, and SN6, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). In addition, the study found that the use of a conservation agriculture-based tillage system resulted in significantly higher energy-use efficiency during the 2020-21 season compared to conventional tillage (SN-3 and SN-4). Furthermore, the application of 75% of a 90:45:30 N:P:K fertilizer ratio combined with supplementary irrigation significantly increased the grain yields of all crop establishment treatments. The study recommends zero tillage with supplementary irrigation for wheat production in harvested rice fields to counteract the negative impacts of terminal heat stress, increasing yields and profitability. Effective irrigation and tillage practices are crucial for mitigating heat stress effects on crops, ultimately improving food security and sustainability.
Effects of uniform rocking exercise on anxiety and its related nuclei in acutely stressed rats
Authors: Luo Guangyao , Jiang Xian , Zhang Yaowen , Jin Yulian , Bin Wen , guo Tongtong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Rocking can make us feel relaxed and reduce anxiety. Now it has been proved that uniform rocking exercise can promote sleep in rodents, but there are less studies on whether it affects anxiety. The objective of this experiment is to explain the effect of uniform rocking exercise on anxiety level in rats under acute stress, using plantar electrical stimulation can induce acute stress model, which was verified by the open field test and elevated plus-mest. In addition, the levels of anxiety-related hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were examined by serum Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), and it was found that the anxiety level of rats, as well as the levels of ACTH and CORT, were significantly reduced after 1 hour of rocking. In addition, we examined the anxiety-related nuclei by C-fos and found that uniform rocking motion decreased neural activity in the hippocampus (HIP) and amygdala (AMY) and increased neural activity in the vestibular nucleus in rats under acute stress. In addition, we examined the expression of Iba1, a marker of microglia. We found that uniform rocking exercise alleviated anxiety levels in acutely stressed rats, which may be related to the activation of microglia in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and vestibular nucleus. Our study reveals a significant correlation between the ability of rocking to alleviate anxiety, activation of neural nuclei, and microglia in acutely stressed rats.
Effect of Collagen Chitosan Hydrogel with Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Alkaline Phosphatase Activity and Calcium Deposition An In Vitro Study on Osteoblast-like Cell Line MG63
Authors: Sidharta Kent , Suryono - , Murdiastuti Kwartarini , Pritia Mardha Ade 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Periodontal tissue regeneration is one of the main goals of periodontal therapies that is consisted of 4 main components e.g., growth factor such as injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin (i-PRF) and scaffold, using collagen chitosan hydrogel which hoped to replace bone graft because its donor risk and immunogenic responses.Methods Bone formation markers such as alkaline phosphatase activity, an enzyme produced by osteoblast, and calcium deposit, late marker of osteoblast mineralization were measured using ALP staining kit (SensoLyte) and Alizarin Red S staining (Merck) in 1, 7, 14, and 21 days using MG63 osteoblast and divided into 3 groups: Hydrogel i-PRF, Bone Graft i-PRF, and Control group. The result was then analyzed using Two-way ANOVA test and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test.Results Hydrogel i-PRF application induced significant ALP activity in day 7 and 14 compared to Bone Graft and Control group. Calcium deposits in day 7 of Hydrogel i-PRF and Bone Graft i-PRF group were found to be significantly different to Control group. Hydrogel application still holds the highest deposit in 14 days to 21 days. These results showed the ossification capability of collagen chitosan hydrogel with i-PRF compared to bone graft application. Through PDGF and BMP content in i-PRF which are bounded to collagen fibril, acceleration of osteoblast’s proliferation and migration rate, followed by the rise of differentiation and mineralization rate of osteoblast by BMP.Conclusion collagen chitosan hydrogel with i-PRF application enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposit compared to bone graft with i-PRF.
Covid-19 May Impact the Acute Attack of Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma
Authors: Deng Jiaoyu , Xie Ping , Sun Hong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objects: To compare the medical records of inpatients with acute angle-closure glaucoma(AACG) in the period of pandemic 2022(2022.12.9-2023.1.19) , and the same time period of last three years.To analyses covid-19 infection-related conditions in patients with AACG of the pandemic 2022.
Methods: Patients with AACG who first hospitalized for surgical treatment in the ophthalmology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2022.12.9 to 2023.1.19(after the adjustment of China's pandemic prevention policies) were included, and the patients of same time of last three years,(2019group:2019.12.9-2020.1.19, pandemic 2020:2020.12.9-2021.1.19 and pandemic 2021:2021.12.9-2022.1.19).These inpatients’ medical records were compared.During the period from 2022.12.9 to 2023.1.19,patients with acute ACG who were first diagnosed or first hospitalized for surgical treatment, an online questionnaire was administered, and whether they had glaucoma attacks during COVID-19 infection was used as a subgroup question to compare the two groups of people with AACG in general differences in conditions.
Results: A total of 114 patients (135 operated eyes) with medical records were included：24 (28 eyes) of 2019 group，27 (27 eyes) of pandemic 2020,29(37eyes)of pandemic 2021 and 34 (43 eyes) of pandemic 2022 respectively. 72 patients participated in the questionnaire. The number of patients hospitalized for surgery for AACG in the period following the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly higher by approximately 41.6% compared to the 2019 group, accounting for a significantly higher percentage (p=0.004),a significant difference in the status of comorbid systemic disease and comorbid hypertension among surgically treated patients (p=0.042, p=0.010) Significant difference in the rate of trabeculectomy(Trab) for glaucoma decreasing from year to year (p=0.019) and a significant increasing trend in the rate of goniosynechialysis(GSL) (p=0.007) Whether the pandemic environment or viral infection precipitates glaucoma attacks may be related to whether patients drink alcohol (p=0.028) and whether they have combined hypertension (p=0.014).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic may promote an increase in the number of patients with AACG, and COVID-19 infection has the potential to contribute to the attack of primary angle-closure glaucoma.
Construction of organic-inorganic hybrid coating polymer with in situ SiO2/PDMS on the surface of wood
Authors: Shen Huajie , Dong Liangzhou , Zheng Xinyuan , Huang Donghai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Wood has a large number of hydrophilic groups and pore structures, with strong moisture and water absorption abilities, and is prone to problems such as deformation, cracking, and discoloration. In order to improve this phenomenon, surface modification of wood has always been a hot topic in wood science research. To address the problem of poor water resistance of wood, the organic-inorganic hybrid superhydrophobic layer was constructed bionically on wood substrate by dipping coating method or spraying method based on the principle of lotus leaf effect, using inorganic fillers such as nano-silica/organosilicone oil and transparent polymer of water-based acrylic varnish as organic matrix. In this study, monodisperse nanometer-sized SiO2 microspheres were prepared via the Stöber method and the wood surface was modified by self-assembly of a solution. Then, the prepared modified nanoparticles SiO2/PDMS mixture solution was alternately and cyclically coated on the surface of the wood to obtain SiO2/PDMS in situ organic-inorganic hybrid modified wood samples. The results showed that the porous structure of the white wax wood surface was fully covered by SiO2/PDMS in situ organic-inorganic hybrid coating polymer after coating, forming a dense protective layer. SiO2/PDMS in situ organic-inorganic hybrid modified wood samples not only did not change the original color and texture of the white wax wood material, but also had a contact angle greater than 150° for the surfaces of 7 common droplets (deionized water, tea, cola, juice, vinegar, ink, red wine), indicating that introducing a SiO2/PDMS organic-inorganic hybrid coating to modify the wood surface can endow the wood with good superhydrophobic properties. This is mainly because the hydroxyl groups in the SiO2/PDMS in situ organic-inorganic hybrid coating deposited on the wood surface are combined with the hydroxyl groups on the wood surface, reducing the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface. In addition, the presence of long-chain fluorinated polymers also increases the hydrophobicity of the wood surface.
Disadvantaged Students Utilize School Campus and its Resources More Than Non-Disadvantaged Students
Authors: Habashi Kian , Andersen Shaun , Leon Genesis , Lee Cynthia , Simanton Edward , Patel Deepal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Disadvantaged populations were disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, both medically and in the educational setting. Lower-income families often either do not have a laptop/desktop computer, adequate internet connection, or a dedicated study space. This unfortunately contributed to poorer academic performance during distance learning. To combat this, the Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine (KKSOM) did not close down campus during the pandemic. This study analyzes the utilization of campus and live Zoom lectures by KKSOM students, and its impact on educational outcomes.
Methods
An IRB-approved survey was sent to KKSOM students and asked about study locations, live lecture attendance, and relationship quality. The Class of 2024 had a unique experience being that it was during the COVID-19 pandemic and the transition to online learning. However, they always had access to campus and technological resources. Data analysis was done through the SPSS software comparing survey scores and National Board of Medical Examiners scores of students that indicated disadvantaged status, first-generation, underrepresented minority, and lower socioeconomic status to those who did not meet these criteria.
Results
First-generation students were found to study on campus more than their counterparts (30.98% vs 20.02%, p < 0.05) and less at home in general (55.43% vs 67.54%, p < 0.05). Lower SES attended live Zoom lectures more often as well (56.64% vs 43.09%, p < 0.05). Lastly, there were no significant differences found for NBME exam scores or relationship quality scores between disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged groups for the Class of 2024.
Conclusion
Students from disadvantaged backgrounds may study on campus more and less at home. They also attend live Zoom lectures more often. KKSOM students always had access to campus throughout the pandemic, which may have provided the needed support to allow the disadvantaged groups to have no differences compared to their counterparts in mean exam scores or in relationship quality with classmates and faculty. This makes a strong argument for the importance of campus accessibility for the success of students, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds.