bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of a novel frequency converter using piezoelectric vibrations modes
Authors: Pirayande Ava , Hojjat Yousef 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConverting the frequency is needed in many fields of advanced technology. “Electric circuits” or “coupled motors and generators” are usually used for frequency conversion. This article introduces a new piezoelectric frequency converter (PFC), using an idea similar to piezoelectric transformers (PT). PFC uses two piezoelectric discs as input and output elements which are pushed together. There is a common electrode between these two elements and two electrodes input and output on the other sides. When the input disc is forced to vibrate in the out-of-plane mode, the output disc vibrates in its radial mode. By applying different input frequencies, different output frequencies can be obtained. However, the input and output frequencies are limited to the piezoelectric element’s out-of-plane and radial modes. Therefore, the proper size of piezoelectric discs should be used to get the necessary gain. Simulation and experiments show that the mechanism works as predicted, and their results are in good agreement. For the chosen piezoelectric disc, the lowest gain increases the frequency from 61.9 to 118 kHz, and the highest gain increases the frequency from 3.7 to 51 kHz.
Improvements in reliability and radio frequency performance of junctionless tunnelling field effect transistor using p+ pocket and metal strip
Authors: Zirak Alireza 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, a new p+ pocket stacked gate oxide junctionless tunnelling field effect transistor (junction less tunnelling field effect transistor (JLTFET)) which has metal strip in gate oxide layer is proposed for analogue/RF circuit applications. Due to the insertion of a p+ pocket in source/channel junction and the use of metal strip in oxide layer, the following properties of the proposed JLTFET are resulted. First, the tunnelling barrier width is reduced in the source/channel junction thereby, electrons easily tunnel from the source to the channel. Second, the hole concentration (empty state) in the channel is increased, leading to higher electron contribution in the tunnelling process. These improvements are useful in achieving high drain current and steep subthreshold swing. As a result, the maximum ON current of 4.4 × 10−5 A/μm and average subthreshold swing of 40 mV/decade are obtained from simulation results. Moreover, as compared to conventional JLTFET, the proposed JLTFET provides improvements in reliability and analogue/radio frequency (RF) performance.
The GAPS programme at TNG
Authors: Pinamonti M. , Barbato D. , Sozzetti A. , Affer L. , Benatti S. , Biazzo K. , Bignamini A. , Borsa F. , Damasso M. , Desidera S. , Lanza A. F. , Maldonado J. , Mancini L. , Naponiello L. , Nardiello D. , Rainer M. , Cabona L. , Knapic C. , Andreuzzi G. , Cosentino R. , Fiorenzano A. , Ghedina A. , Harutyunyan A. , Lorenzi V. , Pedani M. , Claudi R. , Covino E. , Maggio A. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Pagano I. , Piotto G. , Poretti E. 
Published: July 2023

Context. With the growth of comparative exoplanetology, it is increasingly clear that the relationship between inner and outer planets plays a key role in unveiling the mechanisms governing formation and evolution models. For this reason, it is important to probe the inner region of systems hosting long-period giants in search of undetected lower mass planetary companions.
Aims. We aim to present the results of a high-cadence and high-precision radial velocity (RV) monitoring of three late-type dwarf stars hosting long-period giants with well-measured orbits in order to search for short-period sub-Neptunes (SN, M sin i < 30 M⊕).
Methods. Building on the results and expertise of our previous studies, we carried out combined fits of our HARPS-N data with literature RVs. We used Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analyses to refine the literature orbital solutions and search for additional inner planets, applying Gaussian process regression techniques to deal with the stellar activity signals where required. We then used the results of our survey to estimate the frequency of sub-Neptunes in systems hosting cold Jupiters, f(SN|CJ), and compared it with the frequency around field M dwarfs, f(SN).
Results. We identify a new short-period, low-mass planet orbiting GJ 328, GJ 328 c, with Pc = 241.8-1.7+1.3 days and Mc sin i = 21.4-3.2+3.4M⊕. We moreover identify and model the chromospheric activity signals and rotation periods of GJ 649 and GJ 849, around which no additional planet is found. Then, taking into account also planetary system around the previously analysed low-mass star BD-11 4672, we derive an estimate of the frequencies of inner planets in such systems. In particular, f(SN|CJ) = 0.25-0.07+0.58 for mini-Neptunes (10 M⊕ < M sin i < 30 M⊕, P < 150 d), marginally larger than f(SN). For lower mass planets (M sin i < 10 M⊕) instead f(SN|CJ) < 0.69, which is compatible with f(SN).
Conclusions. In light of the newly detected mini-Neptune, we find tentative evidence of a positive correlation between the presence of long-period giant planets and that of inner low-mass planets, f(SN|CJ) > f(SN). This might indicate that cold Jupiters have an opposite influence in the formation of inner sub-Neptunes around late-type dwarfs as opposed to their solar-type counterparts, boosting the formation of mini-Neptunes instead of impeding it.
Therapiemöglichkeiten der Depression nach Non-Response
Authors: Walter Henrik , Haaf Raoul , Köhler Stephan 
Published: July 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie unipolare Depression stellt eine der häufigsten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen dar. Ein beträchtlicher Prozentsatz der Menschen, die an einer Depression leiden, erfahren trotz leitliniengerechter Ersttherapie mittels moderner psychopharmakologischer und/oder psychotherapeutischer Verfahren keine ausreichende Linderung ihrer Symptome. Die Therapie von Patienten mit einer „therapieresistenten“ oder „schwer zu behandelnden“ Depression stellt daher eine häufige Herausforderung in der alltäglichen Praxis dar. Anders als der Terminus „therapieresistent“ suggeriert, existieren jedoch eine Vielzahl an evidenzbasierten Therapieoptionen, die bei unzureichendem Ansprechen auf eine Standardtherapie mit Antidepressivum und Psychotherapie eingesetzt werden können. Mittels selektiver Literaturrecherche und unter Bezugnahme auf die kürzlich veröffentlichte 3. Version der Deutschen S3-Leitlinie zur Depression gibt vorliegender Artikel einen Überblick über weitere Therapieoptionen sowie Basismaßnahmen jenseits der Standardtherapien der unipolaren Depression.
Introduction
Authors: Julich-Warpakowski Nina , Pérez Sobrino Paula 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Metaphor research has witnessed tremendous changes in how metaphor is seen and understood. Traditionally, metaphor has been viewed as a special, creative, and noticeable use of language. Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (1980) has marked a cognitive revolution by viewing metaphor as pervasive in language as well as fundamental to thought and action. More recently, the discourse revolution has re-emphasised metaphor’s manifestations in language and its function in communication. A methodological revolution has brought forth procedures to identify and analyse metaphor in naturally occurring data (such as MIP and MIPVU). Despite these advances, in the present introduction, we identify four challenges that we believe metaphor researchers are still faced with: (1) How metaphorical are metaphors? (2) whose metaphor is it anyway? (3) metaphor research needs more diversity; and (4) how to study metaphor empirically – qualitatively or quantitatively? We conclude by presenting outlines of the contributions and specify how they address these issues.
Literal or metaphorical? Conventional or creative?
Authors: Turner Sarah , Littlemore Jeannette 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetaphor has long been considered a ‘way in’ to people’s experiences, with metaphor analysis being used to gain insights into a range of psychological and physiological phenomena. However, a number of challenges arise when analysing metaphor in such contexts. We reflect on the challenges we have encountered in our research into intensely emotional and/or personal experiences related to bereavement and religious belief. Both areas showcase metaphor operating in the ‘liminal spaces’ of human experience. The spaces between life and death, personhood and non-personhood, and belief and non-belief prove rich ground for metaphor, but the qualities of these metaphors are as complex and elusive as the concepts they are being used to describe.We explore how metaphoricity in general, and creative use of metaphor in particular, in these contexts are flexible phenomena, opening up new questions as to what ‘counts’ as a (creative) metaphor. We propose three levels at which people use or experience metaphor, show how these interact, and propose a number of methodological factors to be taken into consideration when conducting metaphor research in such complex areas of human experience.
Measurement matters
Authors: Colston Herbert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Researchers studying metaphor, as a human artifact, as a thing we use in communicating and expression, as an ability we acquire, as a seemingly fundamental process in human embodied cognition, and in other guises, face many methodological hurdles. This article considers several categories of such challenges, and with reference to and in partnership with the other articles in this special issue, seeks to suggest some means of overcoming or at least minimizing the obstacles.
Supplementary comparisons of national standards of ratio error and phase displacement of AC voltage of power frequency COOMET 411/RU-a/07 (COOMET.EM-S6)
Authors: Kiselev Victor , Bergman Anders , Garnacho Fernando , Grishin Maxim , Dimitrov Emil , Draxler Karel , Dubrovskaya Tatiana , Kikalo Valery , Kopshin Vladimir , Kumanova Ginka , Martin Riccardo , Styblikova Renata , Hallstrom Jari 
Published: July 2023

Main text
The supplementary comparisons of national standards of ratio error and phase displacement of AC voltage of power frequency have been performed among the following national metrological institutes (NMIs): VNIIMS, MIKES-TKK, SP, CMI, LCOE, BIM and SE “Ukrmetrteststandard”. The description and measurement results are presented in the present report.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Subadditive average distances and quantum promptness
Authors: Piazza Federico , Tolley Andrew J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A central property of a classical geometry is that the geodesic distance between two events is additive. When considering quantum fluctuations in the metric or a quantum or statistical superposition of different spacetimes, additivity is generically lost at the level of expectation values. In the presence of a superposition of metrics, distances can be made diffeomorphism invariant by considering the frame of a family of free-falling observers or a pressureless fluid, provided we work at sufficiently low energies. We propose to use the average squared distance between two events

⟨

d
2

(
x
,
y
)
⟩

as a proxy for understanding the effective quantum (or statistical) geometry and the emergent causal relations among such observers. At each point, the average squared distance

⟨

d
2

(
x
,
y
)
⟩

defines an average metric tensor. However, due to non-additivity,

⟨

d
2

(
x
,
y
)
⟩

is not the (squared) geodesic distance associated with it. We show that departures from additivity can be conveniently captured by a bi-local quantity

C
(
x
,
y
)

. Violations of additivity build up with the mutual separation between x and y and can correspond to C < 0 (subadditive) or C > 0 (superadditive). We show that average Euclidean distances are always subadditive: they satisfy the triangle inequality but generally fail to saturate it. In Lorentzian signature there is no definite result about the sign of C, most physical examples give C < 0 but there exist counterexamples. The causality induced by subadditive Lorentzian distances is unorthodox but not pathological. Superadditivity violates the transitivity of causal relations. On these bases, we argue that subadditive distances are the expected outcome of dynamical evolution, if relatively generic physical initial conditions are considered.
Adherence of the rotating vortex lattice in the noncentrosymmetric superconductor Ru7B3 to the London model
Authors: Cameron A S , Tymoshenko Y V , Portnichenko P Y , Sukhanov A S , Ciomaga Hatnean M , McK Paul D , Balakrishnan G , Cubitt R , Inosov D S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The noncentrosymmetric superconductor Ru7B3 has in previous studies demonstrated remarkably unusual behaviour in its vortex lattice (VL), where the nearest neighbour directions of the vortices dissociate from the crystal lattice and instead show a complex field-history dependence, and the VL rotates as the field is changed. In this study, we look at the VL form factor of Ru7B3 during this field-history dependence, to check for deviations from established models, such as the London model. We find that the data is well described by the anisotropic London model, which is in accordance with theoretical predictions that the alterations to the structure of the vortices due to broken inversion symmetry should be small. From this, we also extract values for the penetration depth and coherence length.
Direct observation of concentration fluctuations in Au–Si eutectic liquid by small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Sakaguchi Yoshifumi , Takata Shin-ichi , Kawakita Yukinobu , Fujimura Yuki , Kondo Keietsu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It is well-known that eutectic gold–silicon (Au–Si) alloys exhibit anomalous melting point depression, which is more than 1000 °C from the melting point of elemental Si (1414 °C). The melting point depression in eutectic alloys is generally explained in terms of a decrease of the free energy by mixing. However, it is difficult to understand the anomalous melting point depression only from the stability of the homogeneous mixing. Some researchers suggest that there are concentration fluctuations in the liquids, where the atoms are inhomogeneously mixed. In this paper, we measure the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) of Au81.4Si18.6 (eutectic composition) and Au75Si25 (off-eutectic composition) at temperatures from room temperature to 900 °C in both solid and liquid states to observe such concentration fluctuations directly. It is surprising that large SANS signals are observed in the liquids. This indicates that there are concentration fluctuations in the liquids. The concentration fluctuations are characterized by either the correlation lengths in multiple length scales or surface fractals. This finding yields new insight into the mixing state in the eutectic liquids. The mechanism of the anomalous melting point depression is discussed based on the concentration fluctuations.
Reference-free infrared thermography detection with subsurface heating for deep cavity in adhesive of hidden frame glass curtain wall
Authors: Hong Xiaobin , Chen Junhao , Lin Jinfan , Ren Zeming , Zhang Bin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Since the current infrared thermography (IRT) is not effective in detecting deep and invisible cavities in the silicone structural adhesive of hidden frame glass curtain walls (HFGCW), a reference-free IRT with subsurface heating for the deep cavity is proposed. A near-infrared linear laser with high energy density and high transmission is chosen as the subsurface heating source to directly heat the silicone structural adhesive through the glass. Temporal sequence reconstruction and image enhancement based on reference-free calibration are proposed to reduce thermal inhomogenety and thermal noise and ensure comparable results for damage detection under different environments. The effects of traditional surface heating and subsurface heating are compared and analyzed through numerical simulations. And an evaluated feature, which is the maximal temperature difference feature, derived from temperature difference is used to quantitatively analyze the thermal effect caused by different cavities. The subsurface heating simulation results showed that the highest temperature difference between the region with cavity and defect-free region is up to 88% higher than that of traditional surface heating. The experiments revealed that the deep cavities of different lengths, located at 7 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm below the glass surface, can be successfully detected using subsurface heating and reference-free calibration. A quadratic linear model is proposed to reflect the relationship between the depths and lengths of cavities and the evaluated feature. In conclusion, the proposed method can protect the HFGCW from deep and invisible cavities which can reduce its adhesion and strength.
Asymptotics of the deformed higher order Airy-kernel determinants and applications
Authors: Xia Jun , Hao Yi-Fan , Xu Shuai-Xia , Zhang Lun , Zhao Yu-Qiu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the one-parameter family of Fredholm determinants

det
(
I
−

ρ
2

K

n
,
x

)

,

ρ
∈

R

, where

K

n
,
x

stands for the integral operator acting on

L
2

(
x
,
+
∞
)

with the higher order Airy kernel. This family of determinants represents a new universal class of distributions which is a higher order analogue of the classical Tracy–Widom distribution. Each of the determinants admits an integral representation in terms of a special real solution to the nth member of the Painlevé II hierarchy. Using the Riemann–Hilbert approach, we establish asymptotics of the determinants and the associated higher order Painlevé II transcendents as

x
→
−
∞

for

0
<

|

ρ

|

<
1

and

|

ρ

|

>
1

, respectively. In the case of

0
<

|

ρ

|

<
1

, we are able to calculate the constant term in the asymptotic expansion of the determinants, while for

|

ρ

|

>
1

, the relevant asymptotics exhibit singular behaviours. Applications of our results are also discussed, which particularly include asymptotic statistical properties of the counting function for the random point process defined by the higher order Airy kernel.
Low regularity well-posedness for KP-I equations: the dispersion-generalized case
Authors: Sanwal Akansha , Schippa Robert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We prove new well-posedness results for dispersion-generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I equations in

R

2

, which family links the classical KP-I equation with the fifth order KP-I equation. For strong enough dispersion, we show global well-posedness in

L
2

(

R

2

)

. To this end, we combine resonance and transversality considerations with Strichartz estimates and a nonlinear Loomis–Whitney inequality. Moreover, we prove that for small dispersion, the equations cannot be solved via Picard iteration. In this case, we use an additional frequency dependent time localization.
Preparation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for novel dielectric and photocatalytic dye removal applications
Authors: Gupta Aayush , Jaidka Sachin , Rajagopalan Pandey , Mehtani Hitesh Kumar , Singhal Varun , Pandey O P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recent developments in 2D nanomaterials have greatly expanded their use in engineering applications. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) shows a combination of electrical conductivity, sensing and luminescence abilities, biocompatibility, and chemical stability. The present study showcases the effectiveness of g-C3N4 as a photocatalyst for removing various organic molecules from water (such as methylene blue, 4-nitrophenol, and pharmaceutical drugs) and its potential use in dielectric applications when combined with an organic polymer (polyvinylidene fluoride; PVDF). XRD patterns confirmed the formation of g-C3N4 (which is complimented by the UV-Visible and FTIR results) and PVDF-g-C3N4 composite film. SEM-EDS verified the chemical homogeneity of the as-prepared g-C3N4 powder. Maximum photocatalytic degradation was observed for methylene blue dye (96.48%) with a half-life of 24.18 min, whereas the least degradation was detected for hydroxychloroquine (53.10%) with a half-life of 90.12 min after 120 min of UV-visible exposure. 10 wt% C3N4 reinforced PVDF thick films exhibited stable dielectric properties at low temperature (below 60°C) as compared to PVDF alone. At 1 kHz, the dielectric permittivity and tangent loss of the PVDF-g-C3N4 composites come out to be ∼6 and ∼0.05, respectively (at room temperature). The AC conductivity and activation energy of the synthesized composite was also studied.
Cosmic microwave background anisotropies generated by cosmic strings with small-scale structure
Authors: Silva R.P. , Sousa L. , Rybak I.Yu. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the impact of kinks on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies generated by cosmic string networks. To do so, we extend the Unconnected Segment Model to describe the stress-energy tensor of a network of cosmic strings with kinks and implement this extension in CMBACT to compute the CMB anisotropies generated by these wiggly string networks. Our results show that the inclusion of kinks leads, in general, to an enhancement of the temperature and polarization angular power spectra, when compared to those generated by cosmic string networks without small-scale structure with the same energy density, on scales corresponding to the distance between kinks. This enhancement, that is more prominent in the case of the temperature anisotropies, is essentially caused by a significant increase of the vector-mode anisotropies, since kinks, due to their shape, generate vortical motions of matter — a phenomenon that is not taken into account when resorting to an effective description of wiggly cosmic strings. These results, although derived using a simplified string configuration in which the interkink distance and their sharpness remain fixed, seem to indicate that the explicit inclusion of kinks may be essential to perform more accurate predictions of the CMB anisotropies generated by cosmic strings on small scales.
The dark Stodolsky effect: constraining effective dark matter operators with spin-dependent interactions
Authors: Rostagni Guillaume , Shergold Jack D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We present a comprehensive discussion of the Stodolsky effect for dark matter (DM), and discuss two techniques to measure the effect and constrain the DM parameter space. The Stodolsky effect is the spin-dependent shift in the energy of a Standard Model (SM) fermion sitting in a bath of neutrinos. This effect, which scales linearly in the effective coupling, manifests as a small torque on the SM fermion spin and has historically been proposed as a method of detecting the cosmic neutrino background. We generalise this effect to DM, and give expressions for the induced energy shifts for DM candidates from spin-0 to spin-3/2, considering all effective operators up to mass dimension-6. In all cases, the effect scales inversely with the DM mass, but requires an asymmetric background. We show that a torsion balance experiment is sensitive to energy shifts of ΔE ≳ 10-28 eV, whilst a more intricate setup using a SQUID magnetometer is sensitive to shifts of ΔE ≳ 10-32 eV. Finally, we compute the energy shifts for a model of scalar DM, and demonstrate that the Stodolsky effect can be used to constrain regions of parameter space that are not presently excluded.