bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinterpretation of searches for long-lived particles from meson decays
Authors: Beltrán Rebeca , Cottin Giovanna , Hirsch Martin , Titov Arsenii , Wang Zeren Simon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Many models beyond the Standard Model predict light and feebly interacting particles that are often long-lived. These long-lived particles (LLPs) in many cases can be produced from meson decays. In this work, we propose a simple and quick reinterpretation method for models predicting LLPs produced from meson decays. With the method, we are not required to run Monte-Carlo simulation, implement detector geometries and efficiencies, or apply experimental cuts in an event analysis, as typically done in recasting and reinterpretation works. The main ingredients our method requires are only the theoretical input, allowing for computation of the production and decay rates of the LLPs. There are two conditions for the method to work: firstly, the LLPs in the models considered should be produced from a set of mesons with similar mass and lifetime (or the same meson) and second, the LLPs should, in general, have a lab-frame decay length much larger than the distance between the interaction point and the detector. As an example, we use this method to reinterpret exclusion bounds on heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) in the minimal “3+1” scenario, into those for HNLs in the general effective-field-theory framework as well as for axion-like particles. We are able to reproduce existing results, and obtain new bounds via reinterpretation of past experimental results, in particular, from CHARM and Belle.
Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of enamel surfaces using different air-polishing powders in the orthodontic setting: an in vitro study
Authors: Ratzka Philipp , Zaslansky Paul , Jost-Brinkmann Paul-Georg 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this in vitro study was to quantify and compare changes of the enamel surface caused by periodical use of different air-polishing powders during multibracket therapy.

Methods
Bovine high-gloss polished enamel specimens were air-polished using an AIR-FLOW® Master Piezon with maximum powder and water settings. Each specimen was blasted with sodium bicarbonate (AIR-FLOW® Powder Classic, Electro Medical Systems, Munich, Germany) and erythritol (AIR-FLOW® Powder Plus, Electro Medical Systems). Blasting duration was adapted to the powders’ cleaning efficacy and corresponded to 25 air-polishing treatments in a patient with braces. A spindle apparatus ensured uniform guidance at a distance of 4 mm and a 90° angle. Qualitative and quantitative assessments were performed with the use of low vacuum scanning electron microscopy. Following external filtering and image processing, arithmetical square height (Sa) and root mean square height (Sq) were determined.

Results
Both prophy powders caused a significant increase in enamel roughness. Surfaces blasted with sodium bicarbonate (Sa = 64.35 ± 36.65 nm; Sq = 80.14 ± 44.80 nm) showed significantly (p < 0.001) higher roughness than samples treated with erythritol (Sa = 24.40 ± 7.42 nm; Sq = 30.86 ± 9.30 nm). The observed defects in enamel structure caused by sodium bicarbonate extended across prism boundaries. Prism structure remained intact after air-polishing with erythritol.

Conclusion
Both applied air-polishing powders led to surface alterations. Despite shorter treatment times, sodium bicarbonate was significantly more abrasive than erythritol. Clinicians must compromise between saving time and abrasively removing healthy enamel.
Meniscal repair failure following concurrent primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: results from the New Zealand ACL Registry
Authors: Rahardja Richard , Love Hamish , Clatworthy Mark G. , Young Simon W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to identify the risk factors for meniscal repair failure following concurrent primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.MethodsProspective data recorded by the New Zealand ACL Registry and the Accident Compensation Corporation were reviewed. Meniscal repairs performed during concurrent primary ACL reconstruction were included. Repair failure was defined as a subsequent reoperation involving meniscectomy of the repaired meniscus. Multivariate survival analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for failure.ResultsA total of 3,024 meniscal repairs were analysed with an overall failure rate of 6.6% (n = 201) at a mean follow‐up of 2.9 years (SD 1.5). The risk of medial meniscal repair failure was higher with hamstring tendon autografts (adjusted HR [aHR] = 2.20, 95% CI 1.36–3.56, p = 0.001), patients aged 21–30 years (aHR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.30–2.48, p = 0.037) and in patients with cartilage injury in the medial compartment (aHR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.23–2.48, p = 0.002). The risk of lateral meniscal repair failure was higher in patients aged ≤ 20 years (aHR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.17–6.67, p = 0.021), when the procedure was performed by a low case volume surgeon (aHR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.08–3.13, p = 0.026) and when a transtibial technique was used to drill the femoral graft tunnel (aHR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.03–5.15, p = 0.042).ConclusionThe use of a hamstring tendon autograft, younger age and the presence of medial compartment cartilage injury are risk factors for medial meniscal repair failure, whereas younger age, low surgeon volume and a transtibial drilling technique are risk factors for lateral meniscal repair failure.Level of evidenceLevel II.
Atomic layer deposition thin film techniques and its bibliometric perspective
Authors: Oke James A. , Jen Tien-Chien 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is known for depositing ultra-thin film materials that enable control of composition, highly conformal film, desirable thickness, self-saturating, and uniform deposition, and this review has established its evolvement in recent times. The ALD techniques have made more device applications possible in energy storage, solar cells, memory storage, catalysis, sensors, and many more. Its advantages and disadvantages for different modes were emphasized and the precursors used for several ALD processes were highlighted. The bibliometric approach used in this review has also revealed how ALD has evolved through the assessment of published documents, journals, authors, organizations, sponsors, and countries. The method also revealed that ALD research is limited in Africa, however, the first two ALD facilities were confirmed to be acquired by T.C. Jen at the University of Johannesburg, which will in turn burst ALD material research in Africa. The current study has provided researchers with a choice when considering using the ALD technique and in terms of research collaborations. It concluded by highlighting the challenges and future perspectives of ALD and bibliometric technique.
Application of toxicology in silico methods for prediction of acute toxicity (LD50) for Novichoks
Authors: Noga Maciej , Michalska Agata , Jurowski Kamil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNovichoks represent the fourth generation of chemical warfare agents with paralytic and convulsive effects, produced clandestinely during the Cold War by the Soviet Union. This novel class of organophosphate compounds is characterised by severe toxicity, which, for example, we have already experienced three times (Salisbury, Amesbury, and Navalny's case) as a society. Then the public debate about the true nature of Novichoks began, realising the importance of examining the properties, especially the toxicological aspects of these compounds. The updated Chemical Warfare Agents list registers over 10,000 compounds as candidate structures for Novichoks. Consequently, conducting experimental research for each of them would be a huge challenge. Additionally, due to the enormous risk of contact with hazardous Novichoks, in silico assessments were applied to estimate their toxicity safely. In silico toxicology provides a means of identifying hazards of compounds before synthesis, helping to fill gaps and guide risk minimisation strategies. A new approach to toxicology testing first considers the prediction of toxicological parameters, eliminating unnecessary animal studies. This new generation risk assessment (NGRA) can meet the modern requirements of toxicological research. The present study explains, using QSAR models, the acute toxicity of the Novichoks studied (n = 17). The results indicate that the toxicity of Novichoks varies. The deadliest turned out to be A-232, followed by A-230 and A-234. On the other hand, the "Iranian" Novichok and C01-A038 compounds turned out to be the least toxic. Developing reliable in silico methods to predict various parameters is essential to prepare for the upcoming use of Novichoks.
Effects of active and sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing
Authors: McCane Lynn M. , Wolpaw Jonathan R. , Thompson Aiko K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWeak transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is known to affect corticospinal excitability and enhance motor skill acquisition, whereas its effects on spinal reflexes in actively contracting muscles are yet to be established. Thus, in this study, we examined the acute effects of Active and Sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing. In fourteen adults without known neurological conditions, the soleus H-reflex was repeatedly elicited at just above M-wave threshold throughout 30 min of Active (N = 7) or Sham (N = 7) 2-mA tDCS over the primary motor cortex in standing. The maximum H-reflex (Hmax) and M-wave (Mmax) were also measured before and immediately after 30 min of tDCS. The soleus H-reflex amplitudes became significantly larger (by 6%) ≈1 min into Active or Sham tDCS and gradually returned toward the pre-tDCS values, on average, within 15 min. With Active tDCS, the amplitude reduction from the initial increase appeared to occur more swiftly than with Sham tDCS. An acute temporary increase in the soleus H-reflex amplitude within the first minute of Active and Sham tDCS found in this study indicates a previously unreported effect of tDCS on the H-reflex excitability. The present study suggests that neurophysiological characterization of Sham tDCS effects is just as important as investigating Active tDCS effects in understanding and defining acute effects of tDCS on the excitability of spinal reflex pathways.
Constrained polynomial zonotopes
Authors: Kochdumper Niklas , Althoff Matthias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe introduce constrained polynomial zonotopes, a novel non-convex set representation that is closed under linear map, Minkowski sum, Cartesian product, convex hull, intersection, union, and quadratic as well as higher-order maps. We show that the computational complexity of the above-mentioned set operations for constrained polynomial zonotopes is at most polynomial in the representation size. The fact that constrained polynomial zonotopes are generalizations of zonotopes, polytopes, polynomial zonotopes, Taylor models, and ellipsoids further substantiates the relevance of this new set representation. In addition, the conversion from other set representations to constrained polynomial zonotopes is at most polynomial with respect to the dimension, and we present efficient methods for representation size reduction and for enclosing constrained polynomial zonotopes by simpler set representations.
Prediction of effective humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in healthy subjects by cortical thickness of post-vaccination reactive lymphadenopathy
Authors: Igual-Rouilleault Alba Cristina , Soriano Ignacio , Quan Paola Leonor , Reina Gabriel , del Pozo José Luis , Gónzalez Álvaro , Fernández-Ciriza Leire , Fernández-Montero Alejandro , Pina Luis , Elizalde Arlette 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To study the association between ultrasound cortical thickness in reactive post-vaccination lymph nodes and the elicited humoral response and to evaluate the performance of cortical thickness as a predictor of vaccine effectiveness in patients with and without a previous history of COVID-19 infection.

Methods
A total of 156 healthy volunteers were recruited and followed prospectively after receiving two COVID-19 vaccination doses using different protocols. Within a week after receiving the second dose, an axillary ultrasound of the ipsilateral vaccinated arm was performed, and serial post-vaccination serologic tests (PVST) were collected. Maximum cortical thickness was chosen as a nodal feature to analyze association with humoral immunity. Total antibodies quantified during consecutive PVST in previously-infected patients and in coronavirus-naïve volunteers were compared (Mann–Whitney U test). The association between hyperplastic-reactive lymph nodes and effective humoral response was studied (odds ratio). The performance of cortical thickness in detecting vaccination effectiveness was evaluated (area under the ROC curve).

Results
Significantly higher values for total antibodies were observed in volunteers with a previous history of COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001). The odds ratio associating immunized coronavirus-naïve volunteers after 90 and 180 days of the second dose with a cortical thickness ≥ 3 mm was statistically significant (95% CI 1.52–6.97 and 95% CI 1.47–7.29, respectively). The best AUC result was obtained comparing antibody secretion of coronavirus-naïve volunteers at 180 days (0.738).

Conclusions
Ultrasound cortical thickness of reactive lymph nodes in coronavirus-naïve patients may reflect antibody production and a long-term effective humoral response elicited by vaccination.

Clinical relevance statement
In coronavirus-naïve patients, ultrasound cortical thickness of post-vaccination reactive lymphadenopathy shows a positive association with protective antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2, especially in the long term, providing new insights into previous publications.

Key Points
• Hyperplastic lymphadenopathy was frequently observed after COVID-19 vaccination.
• Ultrasound cortical thickness of reactive post-vaccine lymph nodes may reflect a long-term effective humoral response in coronavirus-naïve patients.
False-positive recalls in the prospective Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial
Authors: Johnson Kristin , Olinder Jakob , Rosso Aldana , Andersson Ingvar , Lång Kristina , Zackrisson Sophia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the total number of false-positive recalls, including radiographic appearances and false-positive biopsies, in the Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Screening Trial (MBTST).

Methods
The prospective, population-based MBTST, with 14,848 participating women, was designed to compare one-view digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) to two-view digital mammography (DM) in breast cancer screening. False-positive recall rates, radiographic appearances, and biopsy rates were analyzed. Comparisons were made between DBT, DM, and DBT + DM, both in total and in trial year 1 compared to trial years 2 to 5, with numbers, percentages, and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
The false-positive recall rate was higher with DBT, 1.6% (95% CI 1.4; 1.8), compared to screening with DM, 0.8% (95% CI 0.7; 1.0). The proportion of the radiographic appearance of stellate distortion was 37.3% (91/244) with DBT, compared to 24.0% (29/121) with DM. The false-positive recall rate with DBT during trial year 1 was 2.6% (95% CI 1.8; 3.5), then stabilized at 1.5% (95% CI 1.3; 1.8) during trial years 2 to 5. The percentage of stellate distortion with DBT was 50% (19/38) trial year 1 compared to 35.0% (72/206) trial years 2 to 5.

Conclusions
The higher false-positive recall rate with DBT compared to DM was mainly due to an increased detection of stellate findings. The proportion of these findings, as well as the DBT false-positive recall rate, was reduced after the first trial year.

Clinical relevance statement
Assessment of false-positive recalls gives information on potential benefits and side effects in DBT screening.

Key Points
• The false-positive recall rate in a prospective digital breast tomosynthesis screening trial was higher compared to digital mammography, but still low compared to other trials.
• The higher false-positive recall rate with digital breast tomosynthesis was mainly due to an increased detection of stellate findings; the proportion of these findings was reduced after the first trial year.
Uncountably Many Cases of Filippov’s Sewed Focus
Authors: Glendinning Paul , John Hogan S. , Homer Martin , Jeffrey Mike R. , Szalai Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe sewed focus is one of the singularities of planar piecewise smooth dynamical systems. Defined by Filippov in his book (Differential Equations with Discontinuous Righthand Sides, Kluwer, 1988), it consists of two invisible tangencies either side of the switching manifold. In the case of analytic focus-like behaviour, Filippov showed that the approach to the singularity is in infinite time. For the case of non-analytic focus-like behaviour, we show that the approach to the singularity can be in finite time. For the non-analytic sewed centre-focus, we show that there are uncountably many different topological types of local dynamics, including cases with infinitely many stable periodic orbits, and show how to create systems with periodic orbits intersecting any bounded symmetric closed set.
Small coral reef fishes with large ecological footprints
Authors: Collins William P. , Bellwood David R. , Morais Renato A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeascape connectivity can facilitate key ecosystem functions in complex ecosystems like coral reefs. Many reef fishes move across the seascape, bridging different ecosystems. However, their role in shaping important functions, such as biomass production and nutrient cycling, is still poorly understood. This study, therefore, assesses the extent of natural movements of cardinalfishes (Apogonidae), one of the major contributors to nocturnal fish biomass production with the potential for a major role in transferring energy and nutrients between sandy ecosystems and adjacent coral reefs. Consistent with previous work, showing their ability to move distances of 100 s to 1000 s of metres when displaced, we reveal that these small fishes undergo major voluntary nocturnal foraging forays extending up to at least 145 m from reef structures. Their estimated daily movement distances are at least 430 times greater than expected based solely on body size-home range expectations. Given their large travel distances and strong homing abilities, apogonids may provide a major conduit for material transfer between lagoonal soft sediment habitats and adjacent coral reefs. These results highlight the potential importance of apogonids in the cross-system or cross-habitat transport of energy and nutrients on coral reefs.
Experimental determination of Rayleigh scattering cross-sections at 408 nm
Authors: Liu Yangzhuoran , Andrés Hernández Maria Dolores , George Midhun , Burrows John Philip 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been applied to retrieve accurate Rayleigh scattering cross-sections, $${\upsigma }_{\mathrm{Rayl}.}$$

σ

Rayl
.

for a set of atmospheric gases at ~ 408 nm. Step pressure changes and pressure ramps were used in three different but similar optical cavities to measure light extinction by N2, O2, Ar, CO, CO2, N2O, CH4 and synthetic air (SA). The experimentally determined $${\upsigma }_{\mathrm{Rayl}.}$$

σ

Rayl
.

were compared with $${\upsigma }_{\mathrm{Rayl}.}$$

σ

Rayl
.

values calculated for these atmospheric gases using knowledge of extrapolated literature values of the refractive index (n) and King correction factors measured in different spectral regions.The difference between measured and calculated $${\upsigma }_{\mathrm{Rayl}.}$$

σ

Rayl
.

using the most recently published dispersion relationship for N2O and CH4 is ~ 0.6%. This confirms the improved accuracy of the new dispersion relationship. The calculated and measured $${\upsigma }_{\mathrm{Rayl}.}$$

σ

Rayl
.

agreed on average within 0.6%, 2.4%, 1.2%, 2.2%, and 1.5% for the gases CO2, N2 O2, SA, and Ar at ~ 408 nm. However, for CO, the difference is 4.1%, i.e. more than twice the error. This implies that improved knowledge of the dispersion relationship for CO, and thus the refractive index and King correction factors, would be of value to calculate $${\upsigma }_{\mathrm{Rayl}.}$$

σ

Rayl
.

in the blue spectral region.
Event-based imaging velocimetry using pulsed illumination
Authors: Willert Christian E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paper addresses the shortcoming of current event-based vision (EBV) sensors in the context of particle imaging. Latency is introduced both on the pixel level as well as during read-out from the array and results in systemic timing errors when processing the recorded event data. Using pulsed illumination, the overall latency can be quantified and indicates an upper bound on the frequency response on the order of 10–20 kHz for the specific EBV sensor. In particle-based flow measurement applications, particles scattering the light from a pulsed light source operating below this upper frequency can be reliably tracked in time. Through the combination of event-based vision and pulsed illumination, flow field measurements are demonstrated at light pulsing rates up to 10 kHz in both water and air flows by providing turbulence statistics and velocity spectra. The described EBV-based velocimetry system consists of only an EBV camera and a (low-cost) laser that can be directly modulated by the camera, making the system compact, portable and cost-effective.
Electron transfer and ROS production in brain mitochondria of intertidal and subtidal triplefin fish (Tripterygiidae)
Authors: Devaux Jules B. L. , Hedges Chris P. , Birch Nigel , Herbert Neill , Renshaw Gillian M. C. , Hickey Anthony J. R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile oxygen is essential for oxidative phosphorylation, O2 can form reactive species (ROS) when interacting with electrons of mitochondrial electron transport system. ROS is dependent on O2 pressure (PO2) and has traditionally been assessed in O2 saturated media, PO2 at which mitochondria do not typically function in vivo. Mitochondrial ROS can be significantly elevated by the respiratory complex II substrate succinate, which can accumulate within hypoxic tissues, and this is exacerbated further with reoxygenation. Intertidal species are repetitively exposed to extreme O2 fluctuations, and have likely evolved strategies to avoid excess ROS production. We evaluated mitochondrial electron leakage and ROS production in permeabilized brain of intertidal and subtidal triplefin fish species from hyperoxia to anoxia, and assessed the effect of anoxia reoxygenation and the influence of increasing succinate concentrations. At typical intracellular PO2, net ROS production was similar among all species; however at elevated PO2, brain tissues of the intertidal triplefin fish released less ROS than subtidal species. In addition, following in vitro anoxia reoxygenation, electron transfer mediated by succinate titration was better directed to respiration, and not to ROS production for intertidal species. Overall, these data indicate that intertidal triplefin fish species better manage electrons within the ETS, from hypoxic–hyperoxic transitions.