bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARE as a wearable derived feature linking circadian amplitude to human cognitive functions
Authors: Cui Shuya , Lin Qingmin , Gui Yuanyuan , Zhang Yunting , Lu Hui , Zhao Hongyu , Wang Xiaolei , Li Xinyue , Jiang Fan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCircadian rhythms are crucial for regulating physiological and behavioral processes. Pineal hormone melatonin is often used to measure circadian amplitude but its collection is costly and time-consuming. Wearable activity data are promising alternative, but the most commonly used measure, relative amplitude, is subject to behavioral masking. In this study, we firstly derive a feature named circadian activity rhythm energy (CARE) to better characterize circadian amplitude and validate CARE by correlating it with melatonin amplitude (Pearson’s r = 0.46, P = 0.007) among 33 healthy participants. Then we investigate its association with cognitive functions in an adolescent dataset (Chinese SCHEDULE-A, n = 1703) and an adult dataset (UK Biobank, n = 92,202), and find that CARE is significantly associated with Global Executive Composite (β = 30.86, P = 0.016) in adolescents, and reasoning ability, short-term memory, and prospective memory (OR = 0.01, 3.42, and 11.47 respectively, all P < 0.001) in adults. Finally, we identify one genetic locus with 126 CARE-associated SNPs using the genome-wide association study, of which 109 variants are used as instrumental variables in the Mendelian Randomization analysis, and the results show a significant causal effect of CARE on reasoning ability, short-term memory, and prospective memory (β = -59.91, 7.94, and 16.85 respectively, all P < 0.0001). The present study suggests that CARE is an effective wearable-based metric of circadian amplitude with a strong genetic basis and clinical significance, and its adoption can facilitate future circadian studies and potential intervention strategies to improve circadian rhythms and cognitive functions.
ResR/McdR-regulated protein translation machinery contributes to drug resilience in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Pal Pramila , Khan Mohd Younus , Sharma Shivani , Kumar Yashwant , Mangla Nikita , Kaushal Prem S. , Agarwal Nisheeth 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSurvival response of the human tuberculosis pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to a diverse environmental cues is governed through its versatile transcription regulatory mechanisms with the help of a large pool of transcription regulators (TRs). Rv1830 is one such conserved TR, which remains uncharacterized in Mtb. It was named as McdR based on an effect on cell division upon its overexpression in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Recently, it has been implicated in antibiotic resilience in Mtb and reannotated as ResR. While Rv1830 affects cell division by modulating the expression of M. smegmatis whiB2, the underlying cause of its essentiality and regulation of drug resilience in Mtb is yet to be deciphered. Here we show that ResR/McdR, encoded by ERDMAN_2020 in virulent Mtb Erdman, is pivotal for bacterial proliferation and crucial metabolic activities. Importantly, ResR/McdR directly regulates ribosomal gene expression and protein synthesis, requiring distinct disordered N-terminal sequence. Compared to control, bacteria depleted with resR/mcdR exhibit delayed recovery post-antibiotic treatment. A similar effect upon knockdown of rplN operon genes further implicates ResR/McdR-regulated protein translation machinery in attributing drug resilience in Mtb. Overall, findings from this study suggest that chemical inhibitors of ResR/McdR may be proven effective as adjunctive therapy for shortening the duration of TB treatment.
The Relationship Between Augmentative and Alternative Communication Use by Pediatric Psychiatric Inpatients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Interfering Behaviors
Authors: Clarke Kaitlyn A. , Siegel Matthew , Williams Diane L. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:Previous research conducted by Williams et al. (2018) using data from the Autism Inpatient Collection (AIC) found a weak and inconsistent association between verbal ability and the severity of interfering behaviors; however, adapting/coping scores were significantly associated with self-injury, stereotypy, and irritability (including aggression and tantrums). The previous study did not account for access to or use of alternative forms of communication in their sample population. This study uses retrospective data to investigate the association between verbal ability and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) use and the presence of interfering behaviors in individuals with autism who have complex behavioral profiles.Method:The sample included 260 autistic inpatients, ages 4–20 years, from six psychiatric facilities, enrolled during the second phase of the AIC when detailed information about AAC use was collected. Measures included AAC use, method, and function; comprehension and production of language; receptive vocabulary; nonverbal IQ; severity of interfering behaviors; and the presence and severity of repetitive behaviors.Results:Lower language/communication abilities were related to increased repetitive behaviors and stereotypies. More specifically, these interfering behaviors appeared to be related to communication in those individuals who were candidates for AAC but who were not reported to have access to it. Although the use of AAC did not predict a decrease in interfering behaviors, receptive vocabulary scores—as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition—were positively correlated with the presence of interfering behaviors in participants with the most complex communication needs.Conclusions:The communication needs of some individuals with autism may be unmet, prompting the use of interfering behaviors as a form of communication. Further investigation of the functions of interfering behaviors and the related functions of communication skills may provide greater support for an increased focus on the provision of AAC to prevent and ameliorate interfering behaviors in individuals with autism.
Reliability and Safety of Cross-Leg Free Latissmus Dorsi Muscle Flap in Reconstruction of Mutilating Leg Injuries Using End-to-Side Anastomosis
Authors: Abdelmegeed Ahmed Gaber , Hifny Mahmoud A. , Abulezz Tarek A. , Saied Samia , Ellabban Mohamed A. , Abo-Saeda Mohamed Abdel-Al , Allam Karam A. , Haredy Mostafa Mamdoh , Mazeed Ahmed S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Free tissue transfer is considered the gold standard option for the reconstruction of distal leg defects. Free tissue transfer using recipient vessels in the contralateral leg (cross-leg bridge) is a potential option to supply the flap if there are no suitable recipient vessels in the injured leg. Most studies have described this technique using end-to-end anastomosis which sacrifices the main vessel in the uninjured leg. This study evaluated the use of a cross-leg free latissimus dorsi muscle flap for the reconstruction of defects in single-vessel legs, using end-to-side anastomosis to recipient vessels in the contralateral leg without sacrificing any vessel in the uninjured leg.
Methods This is a retrospective study that included 22 consecutive patients with soft tissue defects over the lower leg. All the reconstructed legs had a single artery as documented by CT angiography. All patients underwent cross-leg free latissimus dorsi muscle flap using end-to-side anastomosis to the posterior tibial vessels of the contralateral leg.
Results The age at surgery ranged from 12 to 31 years and the mean defect size was 86 cm2. Complete flap survival occurred in 20 cases (91%). One patient had total flap ischemia. Another patient had distal flap ischemia.
Conclusion Cross-leg free latissimus dorsi muscle flap is a reliable and safe technique for the reconstruction and salvage of mutilating leg injuries, especially in cases of leg injuries with a single artery. As far as preservation of the donor limb circulation is concerned, end-to-side anastomosis is a reasonable option as it maintains the continuity of the donor leg vessels.
High-resolution turbine blade defect testing with passive magnetic field detection technique
Authors: Liu Jinsheng , Wen Hui , Xu Zekai , Dai Pengfeng , Jin Qiwei , Li Minlong , Mera Sani Samaila , Li Shuguang 
Published: July 2023

Non-destructive defect testing with a passive magnetic detection technique is crucial for magnetic materials, which can be exempt from the extra excitation magnetic field or developer replenisher contamination. We demonstrate a novel and high-resolution non-destructive defect testing of a magnetic turbine blade in the earth’s magnetic field using a passive magnetic detection technique and a precisely controlled experimental system. The variation in the turbine blade’s magnetic field, measured by a three-dimensional and sensitive sensor mounted on a translation system, was numerically processed and visually demonstrated according to the experimental data. The element differential method was used for simulation and analysis, and we found that a feasible distance and an optimal signal-to-noise ratio can be reached at a testing distance of h = 1 mm. The magnetic characteristics obtained experimentally are in good agreement with those of the sample defect spots with the best spatial resolution of 0.1 mm. The major sources of systematic errors including dead zones and sensor orthogonality were also briefly discussed along with the possible solutions.
A novel stabilized P1 × P0 finite element formulation for the time-dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Chen Xi , Drapaca Corina 
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we present a derivation of a new stabilized finite element formulation for the time-dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations when the P1 × P0 element pair is used. Unlike the traditional choice in the literature, we motivate the expression of the stabilization from the inconsistency caused by the P1 × P0 element pair in the procedure of integration by parts and also suggest adding a grad-div term to the stabilization. We show that for large γ, the conventional approach may lead to locking and result in a less accurate numerical velocity, while the addition of grad-div stabilization may help to improve performance as demonstrated through numerical experiments. Numerical experiments with the Taylor–Green vortex show the effectiveness of the dissipation provided by the stabilization in our and the conventional formulations for both large and small viscosities. A brief discussion on the interpretation of simulation results from both the perspectives of numerical partial differential equations and physics is presented, and a slightly different new view is proposed within the finite element framework.
The Pronunciation of German ch as Velar or Palatal from 1784 to 1841
Authors: Hall Tracy Alan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Throughout most of the eighteenth-century, grammarians believed that ch in German words like
Macht ‘power’ and Licht ‘light’ had only one place of articulation. In the final quarter of
that century three studies discovered that ch in such words represented two places of articulation corresponding
to what modern-day linguists call ‘velar’ and ‘palatal’ (Mäzke 1776; Hemmer 1776; Fränklin 1778). The present
article concentrates on the years following those three works. While the most widespread claim was that ch
represented only one place of articulation, a number of scholars continued in the tradition of Mäzke, Hemmer, and Fränklin by
recognizing that ch had more than one place of articulation. The purpose of this article is to document those
innovative studies and to assess their understanding of the phonetics and phonology of German ch.
Dairy Cow Living Space and Lying Times: The Impact of Space Allowance on Environment-Host Interactions and Competition for Resources
Authors: Thompson J.S. , Green M.J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dairy cow health and welfare is of critical importance to the industry. Citizens and consumers must accept husbandry practices in order to continue purchasing behaviours. A common management practice is the housing of dairy cows, with this method increasing in duration or turning to year-round housing. Housed infrastructure recommendations that improve a cow’s environment based on animal welfare are likely to simultaneously improve health and production, which have historically been used to assess environment suitability. The conditions within dairy cow housing are therefore fundamental to the sustainability of dairy farming and the well-being of farmed cattle. Although the majority of dairy cows are housed for a duration of time in a year, little scientific research has been undertaken to assess the fundamental impact on behaviours the housed infrastructure may have. Concerningly, even the most fundamental feature of the housed environment, living space, has limited evidence for how it affects dairy cows.
This case study focuses on the results of a long-term randomized controlled trial that assessed the impact that increasing living space had on a group of high-yielding dairy cows. The trial was undertaken in a unique, purpose-built, robotic milking facility, which allowed internal layout reconfiguration. Location sensors were used to calculate daily time budgets and assess how cows interacted with the different living space options provided. There will be discussion based on how to assess the housed environment, questions to ask the herdsperson and differential diagnoses to explore.

Information
© The Authors 2023
Study on the coupling coordination and obstacle factors between high-quality agricultural development and ecological construction in China
Authors: Gao Dandan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper takes the level of high-quality agricultural development and ecological construction in 31 provinces of China from 2011 to 2021 as the research object. The coupling coordination degree model and Moran index are used to explore the coupling coordination stage, types and spatiotemporal evolution trend of agricultural high-quality development and ecological construction in China. The obstacle model is used to determine the key obstacle factors influencing the coupling development of high-quality agricultural and ecological construction in China. The results are as follows: from 2011 to 2021, high-quality agricultural development and ecological construction in 31 provinces maintained a relatively stable growth trend. However, the coupling coordination level between the two is low, and thus such level belongs to the high-quality development lag type of primary coordination agriculture. The agricultural externality index, land yield rate and per capita rural power generation are the biggest obstacles to the coordinated development of high-quality agricultural development and ecological construction in China.
Prediction of molecular field points using SE(3)-transformer model
Authors: Hinz Florian B , Mahmoud Amr H , Lill Markus A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Due to their computational efficiency, 2D fingerprints are typically used in similarity-based high-content screening. The interaction of a ligand with its target protein, however, relies on its physicochemical interactions in 3D space. Thus, ligands with different 2D scaffolds can bind to the same protein if these ligands share similar interaction patterns. Molecular fields can represent those interaction profiles. For efficiency, the extrema of those molecular fields, named field points, are used to quantify the ligand similarity in 3D. The calculation of field points involves the evaluation of the interaction energy between the ligand and a small probe shifted on a fine grid representing the molecular surface. These calculations are computationally prohibitive for large datasets of ligands, making field point representations of molecules intractable for high-content screening. Here, we overcome this roadblock by one-shot prediction of field points using generative neural networks based on the molecular structure alone. Field points are predicted by training an SE(3)-Transformer, an equivariant, attention-based graph neural network architecture, on a large set of ligands with field point data. Resulting data demonstrates the feasibility of this approach to precisely generate negative, positive and hydrophobic field points within 0.5 Å of the ground truth for a diverse set of drug-like molecules.
Brain-inspired methods for achieving robust computation in heterogeneous mixed-signal neuromorphic processing systems
Authors: Zendrikov Dmitrii , Solinas Sergio , Indiveri Giacomo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Neuromorphic processing systems implementing spiking neural networks with mixed signal analog/digital electronic circuits and/or memristive devices represent a promising technology for edge computing applications that require low power, low latency, and that cannot connect to the cloud for off-line processing, either due to lack of connectivity or for privacy concerns. However, these circuits are typically noisy and imprecise, because they are affected by device-to-device variability, and operate with extremely small currents. So achieving reliable computation and high accuracy following this approach is still an open challenge that has hampered progress on the one hand and limited widespread adoption of this technology on the other. By construction, these hardware processing systems have many constraints that are biologically plausible, such as heterogeneity and non-negativity of parameters. More and more evidence is showing that applying such constraints to artificial neural networks, including those used in artificial intelligence, promotes robustness in learning and improves their reliability. Here we delve even more into neuroscience and present network-level brain-inspired strategies that further improve reliability and robustness in these neuromorphic systems: we quantify, with chip measurements, to what extent population averaging is effective in reducing variability in neural responses, we demonstrate experimentally how the neural coding strategies of cortical models allow silicon neurons to produce reliable signal representations, and show how to robustly implement essential computational primitives, such as selective amplification, signal restoration, working memory, and relational networks, exploiting such strategies. We argue that these strategies can be instrumental for guiding the design of robust and reliable ultra-low power electronic neural processing systems implemented using noisy and imprecise computing substrates such as subthreshold neuromorphic circuits and emerging memory technologies.
Escaping Empire
Authors: Mawson Stephanie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
This article explores the flight of indigenous communities from Philippine lowlands into mountain spaces, a frequent and widespread response to Spanish colonization in the seventeenth century. During this period, indigenous zones of refuge were not exceptional but present in almost every part of Luzon and the Visayas. The shared history of flight and resistance frustrated the ambitions of Spanish missionaries and military commanders for much of the colonial period and beyond. In the uplands, indigenous communities made use of local geographies and ecologies to bolster their resistance and maintain their autonomy. In dialogue with recent scholarship on colonial frontiers and indigenous hinterlands, this article challenges the perception of a colonial dominance that spread inexorably across the archipelago in the seventeenth century. It offers a new perspective on the history of colonization and confronts the perceived upland-lowland divide that has typified Southeast Asian historiography, demonstrating that upland and lowland spaces had shared histories of resistance, migration, and trade throughout the colonial period.
Molecular phylogeny of Urvillea (Paullinieae, Sapindaceae) and its implications in stem vascular diversity
Authors: Cunha Neto Israel L , Rizzieri Yanã C , Cabanillas Pablo A , Martins Fabiano M , Marques Natália F , Somner Genise V , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro , Onyenedum Joyce G 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The tribe Paullinieae has the highest diversity of vascular variants among the seed plants. The developmental diversity is better understood in the species-rich genera Paullinia and Serjania; however, the phylogeny and diversity of vascular variants in the smaller genera of Paullinieae remain understudied. Here we investigate the evolution of development of stem vasculatures in the small genus Urvillea.

Methods
We generate the first molecular phylogeny of Urvillea derived from 11 markers using a maximum likelihood and Bayesian approach. In combination with phylogenetic reconstruction, stochastic character mapping is used to assess evolutionary changes in stem ontogenies, determined from developmental anatomy of stems collected in the field or from herbarium and wood collections.

Key Results
Urvillea is supported as a monophyletic group and sister to Serjania. There are five stem ontogenies in Urvillea, including typical growth and four different vascular variants. Most stem ontogenies initiate with lobed stems in primary growth. Lobed stems in secondary growth are ancestral in Urvillea, but this ontogeny was lost multiple times. A reversal to typical growth occurred in non-climbing species. Phloem wedges, fissured stems, and ectopic cambia each evolved once independently. Phloem wedges is an intermediate developmental stage in the formation of fissured stems, which is characterized by a continuous fragmentation of vascular tissues. Lobed stems may generate constriction zones and lobes may split or not.

Conclusions
Urvillea is the third most diverse genus (after Serjania and Paullinia) with respect to the number of vascular variants within Paullinieae. One ontogeny (fissured stems) is exclusive to the genus. Differential cambial activity and ectopic cambia are the main ontogenetic processes generating stem diversity. The evolutionary history of vascular variants demonstrates the large developmental plasticity of the cambium in such a small genus and further demonstrates that complex anatomies have repeatedly evolved within Paullinieae lianas.
Birt–Hogg–Dubé Syndrome: A Rare Genodermatosis Presenting as Skin Papillomas
Authors: Theodorakopoulou Elina , McCarthy Alec D , Almpanis Zannis , Aguilera Shino Bay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The authors present a rare case of Birt–Hogg–Dubé (BHD) syndrome that presented primarily as an aesthetic case. Previous providers failed to accurately diagnose BHD, despite the patient’s history of pneumothoraces. This female patient complained of numerous recurrent, small skin-colored growths on the face and neck and patchy hypopigmentation from the multiple treatments she had to undergo for her “bumpy skin.” She also suffered 4 spontaneous pneumothoraces. Following histopathologic and genetic testing, the patient was diagnosed with BHD. Computed tomography and ultrasound scans revealed multiple cysts in both lungs and an angiomyolipoma in both kidneys. This patient had undergone a variety of treatments to aesthetically remove and heal her skin bumps from several healthcare providers, all of whom had misdiagnosed her condition.

Level of Evidence: 5