bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration in maize cropland after long-term straw return
Authors: Xie Mengmeng , Zhang Tianyu , Liu Shasha , Liu Ziping , Wang Zhongqiang 
Published: February 2023

Promoting cropland carbon (C) sequestration through straw return has always been the focus of numerous studies. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding of the straw return effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) sequestration. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effects of long-term straw return on SOC and SIC sequestration across the 0–100 cm soil profile in the maize planting cropland in Northeastern China. The results showed an increasing trend in SOC contents in the 0–100 cm soil profile following long-term straw return, while significant decreases in SIC contents were observed in the surface (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–60 cm) layers, respectively. In addition, the SOC stock increased significantly in the subsoil layer following long-term straw return, by an average value of 44%, which is higher than those observed in other soil layers. On the other hand, the SIC stock in the subsoil layer increased by an average value of 24% and decreased in the surface and under-subsoil layers by average values of 53% and 33%, respectively. Moreover, the exchangeable calcium contents were positively correlated with SOC and SIC stock, demonstrating the soil calcium contributes to SOC and SIC sequestration. The present study highlighted the importance of the subsoil layer for effective straw return strategies in cropland to promote SOC and SIC sequestration in croplands.
Tripartite evolutionary game analysis and simulation research on zero-carbon production supervision of marine ranching against a carbon-neutral background
Authors: Liang Jinshui , Zhang Maomao , Yin Zengqiang , Niu Keru , Li Yuan , Zhi Kaiting , Huang Shengnan , Yang Jun , Xu Min 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionTheoretically and practically, studying the zero-carbon production supervision of marine ranching is crucial to the attainment of my country’s fishery carbon peak and carbon neutral goals.MethodsThis study introduces a third-party detection agency to construct a tripartite evolutionary game model based on the possibility of problems such as a lack of government supervision and imperfect detection mechanisms, through an analysis of the evolution stability and evolution path of each participant’s strategy choice, the mechanism of each element’s influence on the tripartite strategy choice is revealed, as well as the evolution law of the tripartite game.Results① The change in strategic choice of each participant is significantly influenced by the change in strategic choice of the other participants, and the comprehensive consideration of the maximization of the comprehensive value of each participant is conducive to the development of all three parties. ② Government efforts to increase low-carbon subsidies and penalties will aid in promoting the normative behavior of zero-carbon production by marine ranching businesses and the rejection of rent-seeking by third parties. ③The accountability of higher-level governments for the dereliction of duty of regulatory agencies is particularly important to enhance the robustness of zero-carbon production of marine ranching enterprises.DiscussionIn this study, the ideal state of carbon balance of Marine ranching enterprises is taken as the condition to establish a tripartite evolutionary game, and the numerical simulation analysis results based on the model’s evolutionary stable equilibrium put forward countermeasures and suggestions for the government to improve the supervision mechanism of zero-carbon production of Marine ranching. In order to provide reference for the development of the marine ranching industry and promote the realization of zero emissions in the production activities of the marine ranching industry.
Comprehensive investigating of mismatch repair genes (MMR) polymorphisms in participants with chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Ma Ning , Sun Yucheng , Kong Yanan , Jin Yiyao , Yu Fengxue , Liu Lianfeng , Yang Lei , Liu Wenxuan , Gao Xia , Liu Dianwu , Zhang Xiaolin , Li Lu 
Published: February 2023

Background and aim: In this study, we focused on the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms in MMR genes and the occurrence and development of HBV infection.Materials and methods: A total of 3,128 participants were divided into five groups: negative control group (NeC), spontaneous clearance group (SC), chronic hepatitis B group (CHB), liver cirrhosis group (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma group (HCC), CHB, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma constitute HLD. We conducted three case-control studies: NeC (840 cases) vs. HLD (1792 cases), SC (486 cases) vs. HLD (1792 cases) and CHB + LC (1,371 cases) vs. HCC (421 cases). 11 polymorphic loci in MLH1, MLH3, MSH5, PMS1 and PMS2 were involved in genotyping by Sequenom MassArray. The SNPStats performed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. Linkage disequilibrium patterns were visualized using Haploview4.2. The GMDR (v0.9) was conducted to generalized multifactor dimension reduction analysis. The correlation, multiplicative interaction and additive interaction analyses were calculated by Logistic Regression through SPSS21.0. Matrix and programmed excel were also involved in the calculation of additive interaction.Results: In NeC vs. HLD group, MSH5-rs1150793(G) was a risk base to HBV susceptibility (nominal p = 0.002, OR = 1.346). We found multiplicative interaction between MLH1-rs1540354 (AA + AT) and PMS1-rs1233255 (AA) (nominal p = 0.024, OR = 1.240). There was additive interaction between PMS1-rs1233255 (AA) and PMS1-rs256554(CA + CC). In SC vs. HLD group, MLH1-rs1540354 (TT) was a risk genotype (nominal p &lt; 0.05, OR&gt;1). Through haplotype analysis, we found the linkage disequilibrium of three loci in MLH1. The results of GMDR showed the optimal five-locus model about the spontaneous clearance of HBV. In CHB + LC vs. HCC group, PMS2-rs12112229(A) was related to the cancerization of liver.Conclusion: We found rs1150793(G), rs1540354(T) and rs12112229(A) were significantly related to HBV susceptibility, spontaneous clearance of HBV and cancerization after infection, respectively.
The chromosome-level genome assembly of lance asiabell (Codonopsis lanceolata), a medicinal and vegetable plant of the Campanulaceae family
Authors: Jang Woojong , Kang Ji-Nam , Jo Ick-Hyun , Lee Si-Myung , Park Gyu-Hwang , Kim Chang-Kug 
Published: February 2023

Codonopsis lanceolata (2n = 2x = 16) belongs to the Campanulaceae family and is a valuable medicinal and vegetable plant primarily found in East Asia. Several studies have demonstrated its excellent pharmacological effects, for example in bronchial treatment. However, genomic information of C. lanceolata is scarce, hindering studies on crop improvement of the species. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of C. lanceolata based on a hybrid method using Nanopore long-read, Illumina short-read, and Hi-C data. The assembled genome was completed as 1,273 Mb (84.5% of the estimated genome size), containing eight pseudo-chromosomes, ranging from 101.3 to 184.3 Mb. The genome comprised of 71.3% repeat sequences and 46,005 protein-coding genes, of which 85.7% genes were functionally annotated. Completeness of the assembled genome and genes was assessed to be 97.5% and 90.4%, respectively, by Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs analysis. Phylogenetic and synteny analysis revealed that C. lanceolata was closely related to Platycodon grandiflorus in the Campanulaceae family. Gene family evolution revealed significant expansion of related genes involved in saponin biosynthesis in the C. lanceolata genome. This is the first reference genome reported for C. lanceolata. The genomic data produced in this study will provide essential information for further research to improve this medicinal plant and will broaden the understanding of the Campanulaceae family.
Geochemical characteristics of soil selenium and evaluation of selenium-rich land resources in Guiyang area
Authors: Pan Ziping , Feng Yanfei , Wang Minzi , Meng Wei , Chen Ju 
Published: February 2023

Selenium concentration in soil is of great importance for the production of selenium-rich crops. In this article, we studied the geochemical characteristics of soil selenium and evaluated selenium-rich land resources in the Guiyang city area using results from a Guizhou multi-purpose regional geochemical survey. The results indicate that 1) the selenium content in topsoil in the Guiyang area ranges from 0.11 to 4.12 mg kg−1, with an average value of 0.70 mg kg−1, which is 2.4 times and 3.5 times the national and world soil background values, respectively, while the selenium content in deep soil ranges from 0.11 to 4.10 mg kg−1, with an average value of 0.42 mg kg−1, which is 1.4 and 2.1 times the national and world soil background values, respectively; in the vertical profile, the selenium content in soil decreases with the increase in soil depth. 2) The main factors affecting the distribution of selenium in soil include soil parent material, soil physical and chemical properties, and other components, such as soil type and land use, among which the soil parent material (rock) plays a decisive role. The selenium in soil mainly comes from the soil parent rock, increasing accordingly with the increase of the selenium background value of the parent rock; the physical and chemical properties of the soil and other components impose certain influences on the selenium content. Selenium presents a significant linear positive correlation with sulfur and organic carbon, while it has a negative correlation with the pH value; there is no significant difference in the selenium content in different soil types, following the distribution order of paddy soil &gt;yellow soil&gt; skeletal soil&gt; lime soil&gt; purple soil; land use has a certain effect on selenium in soil, following the distribution order of garden land &gt; construction land &gt; grassland &gt; farmland &gt; rocky hills &gt; forest land. 3) The area of selenium-enriched soil in the study region is 11,408 km2, with 91.76% of selenium-enriched soil and 8.24% of general soil or extremely little excess-selenium soil. Therefore, the vast majority of soil in Guiyang is selenium-enriched. The city has large and abundant selenium-enriched areas, which are domestically and internationally rare and provides particularly favorable resource conditions for developing selenium-enriched efficient mountain agriculture to expedite rural revitalization.
Ginsenoside Rg1 as a promising adjuvant agent for enhancing the anti-cancer functions of granulocytes inhibited by noradrenaline
Authors: Zhu Yuqian , Chen Jingyao , Li Jun , Zhou Chenqi , Huang Xin , Chen Bingdi 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionIn recent years, numerous studies have confirmed that chronic stress is closely related to the development of cancer. Our previous research showed that high levels of stress hormones secreted in the body during chronic stress could inhibit the cancer-killing activity of granulocytes, which could further promote the development of cancer. Therefore, reversing the immunosuppressive effect of stress hormones on granulocytes is an urgent problem in clinical cancer treatment. Here, we selected noradrenaline (NA) as a representative stress hormone.Methods and resultsAfter screening many traditional Chinese herbal medicine active ingredients, a promising compound, ginsenoside Rg1, attracted our attention. We verified the immunoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on granulocytes in vitro and ex vivo, and attempted to understand its potential immunoprotective mechanism. We confirmed the immunoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on granulocytes using cell and animal experiments. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and ex vivo experiments were performed to investigate the immunoprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on the anti-cancer function of granulocytes inhibited by NA. Transcriptome sequencing analysis and qRT-PCR showed that NA elevated the mRNA expression of ARG2, MMP1, S100A4, and RAPSN in granulocytes, thereby reducing the anti-cancer function of granulocytes. In contrast, ginsenoside Rg1 downregulated the mRNA expression of ARG2, MMP1, S100A4, and RAPSN, and upregulated the mRNA expression of LAMC2, DSC2, KRT6A, and FOSB, thereby enhancing the anti-cancer function of granulocytes inhibited by NA. Transwell cell migration experiments were performed to verify that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly enhanced the migration capability of granulocytes inhibited by NA. Tumor-bearing model mice were used to verify the significant immunoprotective effects in vivo. Finally, CCK-8 and hematoxylin and eosin staining experiments indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 exhibited high biosafety in vitro and in vivo.DiscussionIn future clinical treatments, ginsenoside Rg1 may be used as an adjuvant agent for cancer treatment to alleviate chronic stress-induced adverse events in cancer patients.
Correlation between percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure and recurrence of unexplained syncope
Authors: Wang Xianwen , Liu Xiangwei , Zheng Lulu , Liu Yubo , Guan Zhengyan , Dai Jingyi , Chen Xiaobin 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and unexplained syncope remains to be illustrated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the outcomes and prognostic factors for syncope recurrence after PFO closure.MethodsPatients with both large right-to-left shunting (RLS) PFO and unexplained syncope who visited the cardiovascular department of Xiangya Hospital Central South University from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021 were consecutively enrolled in our study. The recurrence rate of syncope was compared between the non-closure group (n = 20) and the closure group (n = 91).ResultsA total of 111 patients were finally included. After 31.11 ± 14.30 months of follow-up, only 11% of patients in the closure group had recurrent syncope, which was much lower than that of the non-closure group (11.0 vs. 35%, P = 0.018). We further investigated the possible prognostic factors for syncope recurrence in the closure group and found syncope occurring more than five times preoperatively, hypertension, and residual RLS at 12-month follow-up were significantly correlated with a higher number of recurrences.ConclusionsPFO closure reduced the recurrence rate of unexplained syncope. The efficacy of prevention was prognosticated by factors including the presence or absence of syncope induction, the frequency of syncope episodes, and the presence or absence of hypertension. Syncope recurrence was also related to residual shunts post closure.
Influence of coil orientation on corticospinal excitability of trunk muscles during postural and volitional tasks in healthy adults
Authors: Ma Wesley , Nemdharry Sheanil , Elgueta Cancino Edith , Chiou Shin-Yi 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionTrunk muscles play a role in maintaining postural stability and performing goal-directed voluntary movements in activities of daily living. Evidence has shown that the primary motor cortex (M1) is involved in modulation of postural control and voluntary movements of the trunk. However, it remains unknown whether the neural circuits within the M1 were recruited to the same extent between a postural task and a goal-directed voluntary task.MethodsTo address this, we examined latencies and amplitudes of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the erector spinae (ES) with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) figure-of-eight coil oriented to induce latero-medial (LM), posterior-anterior (PA), and anterior-posterior (AP) currents in the M1 in twenty healthy participants during a dynamic shoulder flexion (DSF) task, a postural task requiring anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), and during a static trunk extension (STE) task, a voluntary task without involvement of APAs.ResultsWe found that differences in the AP-LM latency of ES MEP were longer compared with the PA-LM latency in both tasks. Corticospinal excitability was overall greater during the DSF task than during the STE task irrespective of the coil orientation.DiscussionOur findings suggest that while the same neural circuits in the M1 were recruited to modulate both postural and voluntary control of the trunk, the contribution was greater to the postural task than the voluntary task, possibly due to the requirement of APAs in the task.
Relationships between changes in lateral vestibulospinal tract excitability and postural control by dynamic balance intervention in healthy individuals: A preliminary study
Authors: Shiozaki Tomoyuki , Okada Yohei , Nakamura Junji , Ueta Kozo , Tanaka Hiroaki , Moritani Mako , Kitahara Tadashi 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionWe conducted dynamic balance or static intervention on healthy young adults to examine the changes in lateral vestibulospinal tract (LVST) excitability and postural control that ensued following dynamic balance intervention and to investigate the correlation between these changes.MethodsTwenty-eight healthy young adults were randomly assigned to either the dynamic balance group or the control group. They performed either a dynamic balance or static intervention for 10 trials of 30 s each and were assessed for head jerks during the intervention to confirm adaptation to the intervention. The dynamic balance intervention consisted of maintaining balance on a horizontally unstable surface, whereas the control intervention involved standing in the same foot position as the dynamic balance intervention on a stable surface while completing a maze task. LVST excitability and postural stability were assessed before and after the interventions. LVST excitability was assessed as the change rate in the soleus H-reflex amplitude with galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVSH). The velocity and area of the center of pressure (COP) were examined in the eyes closed/foam rubber condition.ResultsNo significant main and interaction effects (task, time) were observed for GVSH and COP variables. In the dynamic balance intervention, head jerk significantly decreased, and GVSH-change and changes in head jerk and COP area were significantly negatively correlated.DiscussionThe LVST excitability change for the dynamic balance intervention varied among the participants, although increased LVST excitability may have been related to increased postural stability.
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity of human autoantibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
Authors: Kohyama Kuniko , Nishida Hiroya , Kaneko Kimihiko , Misu Tatsuro , Nakashima Ichiro , Sakuma Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe autoantibody to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a component of the central nervous system myelin, has been identified in a subset of demyelinating diseases. However, there is no convincing evidence to support the direct pathogenic contribution of this autoantibody.ObjectiveTo elucidate the role of anti-MOG autoantibodies in human demyelinating disorders, we assessed the effect of autoantibodies on MOG-expressing cells.MethodsMammalian cells expressing the human MOG protein reacted with human anti-MOG autoantibodies in the presence or absence of complement. Sera from 86 patients and 11 healthy sera were used. We analyzed anti-MOG antibody titers, IgG subclass, and their cytotoxic ability in sera from patients with various neurological diseases. Membrane attack complex (MAC) formation was examined by detection of complement C9 or C9neo with western blot or flow cytometry.ResultsAmong 86 patients, 40 were determined to be MOG-IgG-positive and 46 were negative. Anti-MOG-positive sera, but not -negative sera, caused cell death in MOG-expressing cells. This cytotoxic effect was disappeared after heat inactivation of sera. Importantly, anti-MOG IgG and externally added complement were necessary for sufficient cytotoxic effects. Anti-MOG autoantibodies were histologically colocalized with complement and formed a membrane attack complex consisting of anti-MOG IgG and complement factors.ConclusionThe human MOG antibody specifically killed MOG-expressing cells in vitro in the presence of externally added complement. Membrane attack complexes were formed on the cells, indicating that this autoantibody activated complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Further studies in larger numbers of patients are needed to characterize the role of complement in MOGAD.
Prognostic nutritional index value in the prognosis of Kawasaki disease with coronary artery lesions
Authors: Liu Jie , Su Danyan , Yuan Piaoliu , Huang Yuqin , Ye Bingbing , Liang Kaizhi , Pang Yusheng 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a purported predictor of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) development in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). However, limited data exist on CAA regression. This study aimed to confirm whether the PNI is a predictor for CAA persistency in patients with KD.MethodsThis retrospective study grouped 341 patients with KD based on the coronary artery status and time of aneurysm persistence. The clinical and laboratory parameters were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors for persistent CAA. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was further used to assess the predictive values of the PNI in persistent CAA.ResultsAmong the study patients, 80 (23.5%) presented with CAA, including CAA persisting for 2 years in 17 patients (5.0%). Patients with CAA were more frequently treated with corticosteroids (p &lt; 0.016). No statistically significant differences were found in the nutritional status and PNI among patients with or without coronary artery lesions, regardless of injury severity. Patients in the persistent CAA group presented with higher rates of overnutrition and showed lower PNI values and a higher incidence of thrombosis than those in the normal group (p &lt; 0.05). The PNI and the maximum Z-score at 1 month of onset were significantly associated with CAA persisting for 2 years and may be used as predictors of persistent CAA. The area under the ROC curve was 0.708 (95% confidence interval, 0.569–0.847), and a 40.2 PNI cutoff yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 41 and 92%, respectively, for predicting CAA persisting for 2 years. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that the estimated median time of aneurysm persistence was significantly higher in patients with PNI values of ≤40 than in those with PNI values of &gt;40 (hazard ratio, 2.958; 95% confidence interval, 1.601–5.464; p = 0.007). After sampling-time stratification, the PNI differed significantly between patients with and without persistent CAA when sampled on the second (p = 0.040), third (p = 0.028), and fourth days (p = 0.041) following disease onset.ConclusionA lower PNI value is an independent risk factor for CAA persisting for 2 years in patients with KD, besides the maximum Z-score at 1 month after onset. Furthermore, the PNI obtained within 4 days from fever onset may possess greater predictive power for patients with persistent CAA.