bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Mountain Topography and Background Flow Conditions on the Predictability of Thermally Induced Thunderstorms and the Associated Error Growth
Authors: Wu Pin-Ying , Takemi Tetsuya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Thermally induced thunderstorm simulations were conducted with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model in an idealized configuration to investigate the associated error growth and predictability. We conducted identical twin experiments with different topography and background winds to assess the impacts of these factors. The results showed that mountain topography restrains error growth at the early stage of convection development. This topographic effect is sensitive to mountain geometry and background winds: it was more noticeable in cases with higher and narrower mountains and difficult to see without background wind. The topographic effect and its sensitivity resulted from the different natures of convection initiation. However, the topographic effect became less apparent when moist convection continued growing and triggered rapid error growth. The predictability of thunderstorms is then limited at the timing after the convective activity reached its maximum. A smaller initial error or starting a simulation at a later time did not break this timing of predictability limit. Mountain topography also limitedly affected the timing of the maximum convective activity and the predictability limit. In contrast, background flows changed the convection evolution and the following predictability. The predictability limit assessed by rainfall suggested other aspects of the topographic effect. The domain-scale rainfall distribution and the intense accumulated rainfall can be adequately captured in the presence of mountains.
Entrainment in a Simulated Supercell Thunderstorm. Part III: The Influence of Decreased Environmental Humidity and General Effects upon Precipitation Efficiency
Authors: Jo Enoch , Lasher-Trapp Sonia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Entrainment is a key process that can modulate the intensity of supercells, and a better understanding of its impact could help improve forecasts of thunderstorms and the precipitation they produce. In Part III of this series, the three distinct mechanisms of entrainment identified during the mature stage of idealized supercell thunderstorms in Part I (overturning “ribbons” of horizontal vorticity, “disorganized turbulent eddies,” and the “storm-relative airstream”) are examined as the absolute humidity of the environment is decreased. The existence of these mechanisms in a more realistic simulated storm environment is also established. Entrainment is calculated as fluxes of air across the storm core surface; passive fluid tracers help determine the resulting dilution of the storm updraft. Model microphysical rates are used to examine the direct impacts of entrainment on hydrometeors within the storm updraft as well as precipitation that falls to the ground. Results show that as mixed-layer humidity decreases, the “ribbons” and turbulent eddy mechanisms decrease in intensity, but their effects on precipitation production change little. With decreasing humidity in the 3–4 km AGL layer, the storm-relative airstream entrains less humid low-level air into the storm core, decreasing the vertical mass flux, and therefore the precipitation produced by the storm. When the humidity in the mid- to upper troposphere (4–20 km AGL) is decreased, precipitation is significantly reduced, but not due to the effects of the entrained air. Rather, enhanced evaporation and sublimation of falling precipitation decreases the overall precipitation efficiency of the storm.
Multiscale Processes Leading to Heavy Precipitation in the Eastern Nepal Himalayas
Authors: Hirata Hidetaka , Fujinami Hatsuki , Kanamori Hironari , Sato Yota , Kato Masaya , Kayastha Rijan B. , Shrestha Madan L. , Fujita Koji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The processes underlying heavy rainfall in the higher elevations of the Himalayas are still not well known despite their importance. Here, we examine the detailed process causing a heavy rainfall event, observed by our rain gauge network in the Rolwaling valley, eastern Nepal Himalayas, using ERA5 and a regional cloud-resolving numerical simulation. Heavy precipitation (112 mm day−1) was observed on 8 July 2019 at Dongang (2790 m above sea level). Most of the precipitation (81 mm) occurred during 1900–2300 local time (LT). The synoptic-scale environment is characterized by a monsoon low pressure system (LPS) over northeastern India. The LPS lifted moisture upward from the lower troposphere and then horizontally transported it into the eastern Nepal Himalayas within the middle troposphere, increasing the content of the water vapor around Dongang. A mesoscale convective system passed over Dongang around the time of the intense precipitation. The numerical simulation showed that surface heat fluxes prevailed under the middle tropospheric (∼500 hPa) southeasterly flow associated with the LPS around a mountain ridge on the upwind side of Dongang until 1900 LT, enhancing convective instability. Topographic lifting led to the release of the enhanced instability, which triggered the development of a mesoscale precipitation system. The southeasterly flow pushed the precipitation system northward, which then passed over Dongang during 2000–2200 LT, resulting in heavy precipitation. Thus, we conclude that the heavy precipitation came from the multiscale processes such as three-dimensional moisture transport driven by the LPS and the diurnal variation in heat fluxes from the land surface.

Significance Statement
Precipitation in the Himalayas is closely related to the hydrological cycle, floods, and landslide disasters in South Asia. Thus, elucidating the features of precipitation in the Himalayas is important. This study explored multiscale processes leading to a heavy precipitation event that was observed on 8 July 2019 at Dongang in the Rolwaling valley of the eastern Nepal Himalayas. We identified new processes producing heavy precipitation in the Himalayas: the three-dimensional synoptic-scale moisture transport driven by a monsoon low pressure system and the effect of the diurnal variation in heat fluxes from the land surface on the development and movement of a mesoscale precipitation system causing heavy precipitation. These findings broaden our understanding of heavy precipitation in the Himalayas.
Psychological stress and strain in laboratory animal professionals – a systematic review
Authors: Rumpel Sonja , Kempen Regina , Merle Roswitha , Thoene-Reineke Christa 
Published: January 2023

Laboratory animal professionals (LAP) are faced with various situations and tasks influencing their mental well-being. A systematic review has been conducted to investigate whether there are specific stressors for LAP and which moderators are relevant for the development of psychological strain. A comprehensive search following PRISMA Guidelines was carried out in June 2021. Results include 12 studies and have been summarized qualitatively in narrative synthesis and tabular presentation. Available literature indicates that LAP are facing stressors but does not allow for conclusions on specific stressful job duties other than euthanasia. Signs of strain are present in LAP. Specifically, participants in qualitative studies reported acute symptoms, while chronic manifestations were in focus in quantitative studies. Although a wide variety of moderating factors have been investigated, only social support has been rated as relevant by multiple qualitative and quantitative studies without contrasting results. According to current data, there is a risk for psychological strain in LAP. However, there is limited understanding of specific stressors and data on moderators is diverse. Further studies that focus on domain-specific knowledge and clearly distinguish stressors from moderators are necessary to set up institutional programmes addressing psychological strain in LAP.
Prescribing – a worldwide survey on governance
Authors: Adhiyaman Vedamurthy , Chattopadhyay Indrajit , Hobson Peter 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of the study To explore the governance regarding prescribing across the world. Study design We used a web-based questionnaire to ask the doctors about their prescribing practices and perception of governance in relation to prescribing. We sent the questionnaire to all doctors working in our hospital and primarily targeted doctors who had acquired their medical qualifications outside the UK to get a global view. Results We received 139 responses describing prescribing practices from 40 countries. More than 50% of doctors said there is no restriction in prescribing for themselves and their relatives. A third of them said that they could even prescribe controlled drugs without any restriction. 56% said that one doesn’t need a prescription to get antibiotics. When analysed by countries, 80% said that they could self-prescribe and in 50% of the countries, one could get antibiotics without a prescription. Conclusions In many countries there is poor governance with regards to prescribing. This is due to a lack of restrictions on prescribing (both self-prescribing and for friends/family) and the public’s ability to obtain antibiotics and controlled drugs.
A new SysML profile for autonomous mobile robots development: ROS2ML
Authors: Guizani Amir , Aloui Khalil , Hammadi Moncef , Soriano Thierry , Haddar Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

For a long time, designing complex systems has been a difficult task for designers. Traditionally, it requires physical meetings between the different stakeholders of the system, which is more time-consuming and costly. However, this method faces difficulties when dealing with large and complex design problems. Today, researchers have started to propose several approaches and methodologies to simplify the design of complex systems such as autonomous mobile robots (AMRs). But they have been confronted with hardware and software design challenges that provoke further research in this robotic field and suggest possible solutions. In this work, we present a new integrated design approach for AMRs based on a new SysML profile (Systems Modeling Language) developed using DSL (Domain Specific Language) to include Robot Operating System (ROS2) objects and attributes. We called the new SysML profile ROS2ML. Indeed, the standard SysML diagrams have a general purpose use, they are applied to any system without specifying the way to simulate, integrate code and implement a robot on a ROS2 platform. Therefore, the new SysML profile is developed specifically for ROS2 concepts to facilitate the robotic systems integration. This new SysML profile (ROS2ML) guides the AMR developers through the design process up to the simulation of the robotic system on the ROS2 platform and the final implementation of the system. A case study was used to illustrate and confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for the design of an AMR. The case study shows that the new ROS2ML profile allows robot designers, with different skills and objectives, to work together on several views, with a convention adapted to ROS2 specialists, while maintaining consistency between all views, with the aim of achieving functional, physical and software integration.
Supracapsular scleral sutured intraocular lens implantation in anterior segment dysgenesis patients with ectopia lentis
Authors: Chen Tian-Hui , Song Ling-hao , Jiang Lei , zhao Ye , Liu Yan , Qian Dong-jin , Chen Ze-xu , Jiang Yong-Xiang 
Published: January 2023

Objective To describe a new strategy to manage ectopia lentis in ASD patients assessing the visual outcomes and safety of supracapsular scleral sutured intraocular lens implantation and analyzing the accuracy of different intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulae. Methods Eight patients with ASD (13 eyes) were underwent supracapsular scleral suture fixation of posterior chamber (PC) IOL without capsular extirpation. The preoperative and postoperative clinical features were compared. The prediction error values from four formulae (SRK/T, Holladay 1, Hoffer Q, Haigis), with or without Wang-Koch (WK) adjustment, were calculated for the cases. Results Zonulodialysis and premature cataracts could be the main reason for the decreased vision in patients with ASD. There was a significant improvement in best corrected visual acuity on 3-month follow-up after applying supracapsular scleral suture fixation of PC IOL. The prediction errors of the different formulae showed a slight tendency towards postoperative myopia. The Haigis formula with WK adjustment showed the best performance. Conclusions Supracapsular scleral suture fixation of IOLs for retaining the capsule-zonule barrier is a good option for ASD patients. The Haigis formula is recommended for ASD patients treated with supracapsular scleral suture fixation of IOLs. The predicted IOL power should be reduced based on the effect of the new anatomic position of the IOL to achieve a satisfactory visual outcome.
Deep gray matter substructure volumes and depressive symptoms in a large multiple sclerosis cohort
Authors: Hu Chen , Dewey Blake E , Mowry Ellen M , Fitzgerald Kathryn C 
Published: January 2023

Background Consistent findings on underlying brain features or specific structural atrophy patterns contributing to depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited. Objective To investigate how deep gray matter (DGM) features predict depressive symptom trajectories in MS patients. Methods We used data from the MS Partners Advancing Technology and Health Solutions (MS PATHS) network in which standardized patient information and outcomes are collected. We performed whole-brain segmentation using SLANT-CRUISE. We assessed if DGM structures were associated with elevated depressive symptoms over follow-up and with depressive symptom phenotypes. Results We included 3844 participants (average age: 46.05 ± 11.83 years; 72.7% female) of whom 1905 (49.5%) experienced ⩾1 periods of elevated depressive symptoms over 2.6 ± 0.9 years mean follow-up. Higher caudate, putamen, accumbens, ventral diencephalon, thalamus, and amygdala volumes were associated with lower odds of elevated depressive symptoms over follow-up (odds ratio (OR) range per 1 SD (standard deviation) increase in volume: 0.88–0.94). For example, a 1 SD increase in accumbens or caudate volume was associated with 12% or 10% respective lower odds of having a period of elevated depressive symptoms over follow-up (for accumbens: OR: 0.88; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–0.93; p < 0.001; for caudate: OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85–0.96; p = 0.003). Conclusion Lower DGM volumes were associated with depressive symptom trajectories in MS.
Corpus callosum involvement in MOG antibody-associated disease in comparison to AQP4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Chia Nicholas H , Redenbaugh Vyanka , Chen John J , Pittock Sean J , Flanagan Eoin P 
Published: January 2023

Background: Data on corpus callosum involvement in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are limited. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare callosal lesions in MOGAD, multiple sclerosis (MS), and aquaporin-4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD). Results: Callosal lesion frequency was similar in MOGAD (38/171 (22%)), MS (24/72 (33%)), and AQP4+NMOSD (18/63 (29%)). Clinical phenotypes included encephalopathy (47%) and focal supratentorial (21%) or infratentorial (45%) deficits. None had callosal-disconnection syndromes. Maximal callosal-T2-lesion diameter (median (range)) in millimeter was similar in MOGAD (21 (4–77)) and AQP4+NMOSD (22 (5–49); p = 0.93) but greater than in MS (10.5 (2–64)). Extracallosal extension (21/38 (55%)) and T2-lesion resolution (19/34 (56%)) favored MOGAD. Conclusions: Despite similar frequency and imaging overlap, larger lesions, sagittal midline involvement, and lesion resolution favored MOGAD.
Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma of the Distal Upper Extremity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kim Minji , Policherla Rohan K. , Linhares Samantha M. , Hui-Chou Helen G. 
Published: January 2023

Background: Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare soft-tissue tumor that usually occurs in the proximal extremities and trunk. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess patient demographics, treatment approach, and outcomes for patients with LGFMS of the distal upper extremity. Methods: We performed a literature review of case reports and patient reports of LGFMS using Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and PubMed. Inclusion criteria included case reports and case series of patients with LGFMS of the distal upper extremity. Animal studies, comments, and non-English publications were excluded. Data on available patient demographics, treatment regimen, recurrence, and metastasis were collected. Results: A total of 365 publications were reviewed. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 articles were included. There were 24 unique patients with LGFMS of the distal upper extremity. The median age was 32 years, and most patients were treated with a surgical excision. Of the 15 reported outcomes, 4 patients had local recurrences, and no patient had metastases or died due to the tumor. Conclusions: Although LGFMS of the distal upper extremity is less common, it is critical for surgeons to consider it as a differential. The current approach is a wide excision with negative margins, and chemotherapy or radiotherapy may not be necessary. We found decreased proportions of local recurrence and metastases in the distal upper extremity compared with other anatomical regions. We recommend that surgeons follow up with their patients indefinitely given the slow mitotic rate of LGFMS.
Diagnostic yield of cerebral angiography for intracranial hemorrhage in young patients: A single-center retrospective analysis
Authors: El-Abtah Mohamed E , Kashkoush Ahmed , Achey Rebecca , Patterson Thomas , Moore Nina Z , Bain Mark D 
Published: January 2023

Background Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) secondary to hypertension (HTN) classically occurs in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, or pons. Vascular lesions such as aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are more common in younger patients. We investigated the utility of diagnostic subtraction angiography (DSA) in young hypertensive patients with non-lobar ICH. Methods A retrospective review (2013–2022) identified young (18–60 years) patients who underwent DSA for ICH. HTN history, ICH location, presence/absence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and computed tomography angiography (CTA) findings were collected. The main outcome was DSA-positivity, defined as presence of an AVM, aneurysm, Moyamoya disease, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, or dural arteriovenous fistula on DSA. Results Two hundred sixty patients were included, and the DSA-positivity rate was 19%. DSA-positivity was lower in hypertensive patients with ICHs in the cerebellum, pons, or basal ganglia compared to the rest of the patient sample (9% vs 26%, p = 0.0002, Fisher's exact test). We developed the ICH-Angio score (0–5 points) based on CTA findings, ICH location, HTN history, and presence of SAH to predict risk of underlying vascular lesions. DSA-positivity was lower in those with a score of 0 (0/62; 0%) compared to a score of 1 (5/52; 10%), 2 (17/48; 35%), 3 (10/20; 50%), 4 (5/6; 83%), or 5 (3/3; 100%). Conclusion The ICH-Angio score was able to non-invasively rule out an underlying vascular etiology for ICH in up to one-third of patients. HTN, ICH location, CTA findings, and associated SAH can identify patients at low risk for harboring underlying vascular lesions.
Long-term outcomes of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for chronic Stanford type B aortic dissection
Authors: Hong Xiang , Lin Yue , Xie Xinsehng , Huang Yulong , Chen Gang , Chen Yihui , Hong Shichai , Lu Weifeng , Fu Weiguo , Wang Lixin 
Published: January 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to report the long-term outcomes of proximal thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for chronic Stanford type B aortic dissection (cTBAD). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 48 cases of patients with cTBAD who underwent proximal TEVAR in Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University from January 2010 to September 2013. The preoperative and postoperative imaging examinations, overall survival rate, aortic-related survival rate, and freedom from reintervention rate data were collected to evaluate aortic remodeling and clinical outcomes. The enrolled patients received follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following treatment and annually thereafter. Results A total of 48 patients (mean age, 58.3 ± 10.6 years; men:women, 40:8) were included, of which 38 cases (79.2%) were uncomplicated dissection and 10 cases (20.8%) were complicated. The mean follow-up time was 48.7 ± 40 months (1–120 months). The mean time interval from the initial procedure to reintervention was 50.6 ± 32.7 months (11–98 months). The following changes were observed at preoperative versus last follow-up timepoints. Descending aortic level: true lumen, 19.2 ± 7.01 mm vs. 36.9 ± 9.53 mm ( p < 0.001); false lumen, 30.47 ± 15.89 mm vs. 19.16 ± 15.33 mm ( p < 0.001); maximum diameter, 49.67 ± 13.96 mm vs. 56.66 ± 14.95 mm ( p = 0.018). Diaphragm level: true lumen, 16.24 ± 5.41 mm vs. 24.41 ± 8.04 mm ( p < 0.001); false lumen, 12.37 ± 11.49 mm vs. 14.92 ± 12.25 mm ( p = 0.196); and maximum diameter, 34 ± 7.81 mm vs. 38.04 ± 7.7 mm ( p < 0.001). The freedom from reintervention rate was 81% in 5 years and 50.6% in 10 years. The overall 10-years survival rate was 83% (6 of 48), and the aortic-related survival rate was 92.3% (3 of 48). Conclusions TEVAR is a safe and effective proximal repair intervention for cTBAD that can reliably induce the positive remodeling of the descending aorta.