bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisión bibliográfica sobre el manejo actual de plastrón apendicular
Authors: Rivera Diaz Johnny Fernando , Loaiza Merino Iván Patricio 
Published: August 2023

Introducción: La apendicitis aguda sin tratamiento oportuno puede evolucionar hacia una perforación apendicular causando entidades de mayor gravedad como la peritonitis localizada o sepsis generalizada, sin embargo, en otros casos menos comunes el organismo controla parcialmente este proceso generando un plastrón apendicular, constituido por tejidos adyacentes y delimitando el proceso infeccioso. Objetivo: Describir el adecuado diagnóstico y las principales complicaciones que se pueden desarrollar en pacientes con plastrón apendicular y determinar así la modalidad de tratamiento más adecuada para esta patología. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica a través de artículos en idioma inglés y español, desde el 2017 al 2023 centrándose en el diagnóstico, complicaciones y modalidad de tratamiento para el plastrón apendicular. La búsqueda se realizó en múltiples bases de datos como: Pubmed, Science Direct, Medigraphic, Cochrane, Medline, ElSevier, Google Scholar, Scielo y New England Journal of Medicine. Resultados y discusión: Entre las modalidades de tratamiento para el plastrón apendicular se encuentran la intervención quirúrgica inmediata o un manejo conservador, con posibilidad de realizar una apendicectomía diferida cuando se estabiliza el cuadro agudo. Sin embargo, actualmente existen estudios que justifican cada modalidad de tratamiento, basándose en la duración de la estancia hospitalaria, el riesgo de recurrencia, las posibles complicaciones, el costo económico y la adecuada reincorporación a labores diarias. Conclusión: El cuadro clínico y los métodos diagnósticos son similares a la presentación clásica de la apendicitis aguda. Sin embargo, al examen físico es habitual palpar una masa a nivel de fosa iliaca derecha, que puede ser confirmado por ecografía o tomografía computarizada, con posibilidad de formación del absceso apendicular como principal complicación. No obstante, la modalidad de tratamiento sigue siendo tema de debate por lo que es importante realizar nuevos estudios a futuro.
El mercadeo de videojuegos, una perspectiva desde los hábitos de consumo del mercado universitario
Authors: Campines Barría Francisco Javier 
Published: August 2023

El objetivo de la investigación es conocer los hábitos de consumo del mercado universitario en materia de video juegos producto de la influencia del mercadeo. La metodología empleada tiene un enfoque mixto, de tipo descriptivo. Su diseño es no experimental, de corte transversal. La técnica seleccionada fue una encuesta aplicada a través de la plataforma de Google Forms. La población estudiada estuvo conformada por 2,029 estudiantes del Centro Regional Universitario de Veraguas. Para efectos de la muestra, se utilizó el programa SurveyMonkey, estrableciendo un nivel de confianza del 95%, con un margen de error del 5% obteniendo una muestra de 324 estudiante a indagar. Los resultados destacan que el 67% da a conocer que no hace uso de los videojuegos, en cambio el 33% indica que si emplea los mismos como parte de su rutina de entretenimiento. Más de un 60% apenas lleva haciendo uso de los videojuegos de dos años hacia acá, lo que demuestra, que en efecto la pandemia del Covid-19, si ha influido en los hábitos de consumo, por otra parte se destacan los Smartphone como parte de los dispositivos más empleados para el consumo de los videojuegos.
Estudio de mercado basado en las variables del marketing mix en prendas de vestir autóctonas de la comarca Ngäbe-Buglë
Authors: Campines Barría Francisco Javier 
Published: August 2023

El objetivo del presente informe consiste en realizar un estudio de mercado basadas en las variables que conforman el marketing mix en las prendas de vestir autóctonas desde la perspectiva de la población residente en la comarca Ngäbe-Buglë. El enfoque metodológico del presente estudio es de carácter cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo. La población estudiada estuvo conformada por 629 habitantes del corregimiento de Alto de Jesús, distrito de Ñurüm, Comarca Ngäbe-Buglë, de la cual se obtuvo una muestra representativa de 239 habitantes. Los resultados destacan que el 77% si utilizan las prendas de vestir autóctonas de la comarca Ngäbe-Buglë, el 69% compra con mayor frecuencia Naguas, y entre los puntos de venta, a través de los cuales adquieren sus vestidos autóctonos destacan las modistas con un 44%.
La Ratio Iuris del paisaje en Colombia: Hacia la construcción de un derecho, una mirada desde el código de recursos naturales hasta la actualidad (1974-2020)
Authors: De La Plaza Vargas Michael Alejandro 
Published: August 2023

El objetivo General de esta investigación busca proporcionar un robustecimiento al Status quo del paisaje en Colombia, dado que, este elemento natural contempla enunciación legal en diferentes aristas del ordenamiento nacional, sin embargo, la dispersión jurídica conlleva perplejidad en su contenido y protección, de tal manera, se apela a realizar una investigación descriptiva, socio jurídica y básica de enfoque paradigmático cuantitativo que mediante el método inductivo y las técnicas de observación no participante, etnografía y revisión documental, se recurre a saberes interdisciplinares como la ecología, la arquitectura y la biología que deparan significativos contenidos para construir un andamiaje paisajístico que adquiere solidez gracias a teorías doctrinales y jurisprudenciales en materia jurídico ambiental para agrupar los argumentos que configuran la Ratio Iuris del derecho al paisaje en Colombia.
Herramientas de inteligencia artíficial aplicadas al marketing
Authors: Campines Barría Francisco Javier 
Published: August 2023

El objetivo de investigación consiste en explicar las diversas herramientas de inteligencia artificial aplicadas al marketing que existen en la actaulidad. La metodología empleada tiene un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo en donde se procedió a realizar una indagación y análisis de hechos, a través de libros, páginas web oficiales, y revisión documental de índole científico, referente a las herramientas de inteligencia artíficial aplicadas al marketing. Los resultados han demostrado que entre estas herramientas se encuentran el Chat GPT-4, el cual es capaz de chatear con los usuarios para responder temas complejos de forma natural. Por otra parte esta Copy.ai la cual ayuda a generar contenido como anuncios, blogs, descripciones de productos, correos electrónicos, publicaciones en redes sociales, también se puede mencionar a Conversica, que ofrece soluciones de conversación empresarial impulsadas por inteligencia artificial, automatizando y personalizando sus interacciones con los clientes, lo que en última instancia impulsa el crecimiento y mejora la satisfacción en el servicio.
Estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo de habilidades científicas
Authors: Quiroz Sánchez Claudia Alejandra 
Published: August 2023

La pertinencia que se presenta en la enseñanza de las ciencias a través del plan de Estudios en México, en el nivel básico es relevante, ya que uno de los grandes retos es precisamente atender la enseñanza de las ciencias en México y potenciar el interés de los estudiantes en la exploración y comprensión del cuidado del medio ambiente para que contribuyan en la construcción de una sociedad más justa con un futuro sustentable. En tiempos pandémicos, la realización de prácticas o uso de laboratorios escolares estaban limitados como estrategia didáctica por las condiciones que conocemos, siendo éste de gran aporte a la construcción científica del estudiante y aún más existía la necesidad de abordar y alcanzar lo planteado en los programas de estudio, en cuanto a la exigencia de adaptar a la edad y contexto actual de los alumnos la enseñanza de las ciencias y los resultados del conocimiento científico al egresar del nivel básico; por lo que, en la necesidad de resolver un problema educativo, se planteó la estrategia pedagógica de aplicación de aprendizaje basado en proyectos a través de un proyecto educativo ambiental sostenible para implementarse con apoyo en casa
Testing the Collisionless Nature of Dark Matter with the Radial Acceleration Relation in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Tam Sut-Ieng , Umetsu Keiichi , Robertson Andrew , McCarthy Ian G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The radial acceleration relation (RAR) represents a tight empirical relation between the inferred total and baryonic centripetal accelerations, g
tot = GM
tot(< r)/r
2 and g
bar = GM
bar(< r)/r
2, observed in galaxies and galaxy clusters. The tight correlation between these two quantities can provide insight into the nature of dark matter. Here we use BAHAMAS, a state-of-the-art suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, to characterize the RAR in cluster-scale halos for both cold and collisionless dark matter (CDM) and self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) models. SIDM halos generally have reduced central dark matter densities, which reduces the total acceleration in the central region when compared with CDM. We compare the RARs in galaxy clusters simulated with different dark matter models to the RAR inferred from CLASH observations. Our comparison shows that the cluster-scale RAR in the CDM model provides an excellent match to the CLASH RAR obtained by Tian et al. including the high-acceleration regime probed by the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). By contrast, models with a larger SIDM cross section yield increasingly poorer matches to the CLASH RAR. Excluding the BCG regions results in a weaker but still competitive constraint on the SIDM cross section. Using the RAR data outside the central r < 100 kpc region, an SIDM model with σ/m = 0.3 cm2 g−1 is disfavored at the 3.8σ level with respect to the CDM model. This study demonstrates the power of the cluster-scale RAR for testing the collisionless nature of dark matter.
The Runaway Greenhouse Effect on Hycean Worlds
Authors: Innes Hamish , Tsai Shang-Min , Pierrehumbert Raymond T. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hycean worlds are a proposed subset of sub-Neptune exoplanets with substantial water inventories, liquid surface oceans, and extended hydrogen-dominated atmospheres favorable for habitability. We aim to quantitatively define the inner edge of the Hycean habitable zone (HZ) using a 1D radiative-convective model. As a limiting case, we model a dry hydrogen–helium envelope above a surface ocean. For a 1 bar (10,100 bar) atmosphere, the hydrogen greenhouse effect alone sets the inner edge of the HZ at 0.216 au (0.58, 3.71 au) for a Sun-like G star and at 0.0364 au (0.110, 0.774 au) for an 3500 K M star. Introducing water vapor into the atmosphere, the runaway greenhouse instellation limit is greatly reduced due to the presence of superadiabatic layers where convection is inhibited. This moves the inner edge of the HZ from ≈1 au for a G star to 1.6 au (3.85 au) for a Hycean world with a H2–He inventory of 1 bar (10 bar). For an M star, the inner edge is equivalently moved from 0.17–0.28 au (0.54 au). Our results suggest that most of the current Hycean world observational targets are not likely to sustain a liquid water ocean. We present an analytical framework for interpreting our results, finding that the maximum possible outgoing longwave radiation scales approximately inversely with the dry mass inventory of the atmosphere. We discuss the possible limitations of our 1D modeling and recommend the use of 3D convection-resolving models to explore the robustness of superadiabatic layers.
On the Proposed Interstellar Origin of the USG 20140108 Fireball
Authors: Brown Peter G. , Borovička Jiří 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A critical review of the evidence for the interstellar origin of the USG 20140108 fireball is presented. Examining United States Government (USG) fireball velocities where independent data are available shows the former to have significant (10–15 km s−1) uncertainties at large speeds and highly variable radiant accuracy, with average errors in excess of 10°. The ablation model fits to the observed lightcurve are possible for normal chondritic impactors only assuming low speeds. To match the high speed and low fragmentation height of the USG 20140108 fireball would require a high-density/strength object with low drag and a highly aerodynamic shape not made of iron. We suggest the simplest explanation for the unusual characteristics of USG 20140108 is that the speed, in particular, is substantially overestimated.
Sample Variance in Cosmological Observations with a Narrow Field of View
Authors: Espenshade Peter , Yoo Jaiyul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Surveys with a narrow field of view can play an important role in probing cosmology, but inferences from these surveys suffer from large sample variance, arising from random fluctuations around the cosmic mean. The standard method for computing the sample variance is based on two key approximations: treating perturbations linearly and the survey geometry as a box. We demonstrate that it can lead to a significant underestimate of the sample variance in narrow surveys. We present a new method for accurately computing the sample variance and apply our method to the recent observations of the warm–hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) based on spectroscopic measurements of blazars. We find that the sample variances in these surveys are significantly larger than the quoted measurement errors; for example, the cosmic mean baryon density contained in the WHIM could be lower by 54% at 1σ fluctuation than estimated in one observation. Accurately quantifying the sample variance is essential in deriving correct interpretations of the measurements in surveys with a small field of view.
Systemic comorbidities in patients of psoriasis
Authors: Chavhan Samiksha , Jawade Sugat , Madke Bhushan , Singh Adarsh Lata 
Published: August 2023

Background
There is paucity of Indian studies on comprehensive assessment of systemic comorbidities in psoriasis. This study aimed at assessing the systemic comorbidities in patients of psoriasis in India.

Patients and methods
A case–control study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2021. Study participants of more than 18 years, with 30 psoriasis patients as cases and 30 healthy individuals as controls. Assessment of Psoriasis Area Severity Index in cases, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and detailed systemic index evaluation was done in both the groups. Analyses were done using χ
2 test and independent t test. Analysis of variance test is used to compare continuous variables among more than two groups. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval were calculated.

Results
The mean age of psoriasis cases was 45.03±13.1 years with 73.3% of male and 26.7% of female population. Mean duration of psoriasis observed is 6.9±4.2 years with the mean Psoriasis Area Severity Index of 17.73±6.389. Comparison of systemic indices demonstrated significant increase in neutrophil count (P=0.006), erythrocyte-sedimentation rate (P<0.0001), glycated hemoglobin (P=0.037), low-density lipoprotein (P=0.0418), T3 (P<0.0001), and T4 (P=0.018). No significant difference in the liver-function test and renal-function test was seen in both the groups. Comparison of the prevalence of diseases associated with psoriasis, shows that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (60 vs. 30%, OR=3.5, P=0.021), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (26.6 vs. 6.6%, P=0.002, OR=14), increase in the carotid artery intimal thickness on both sides (right P=0.007, OR=5; left P=0.005, OR=7), and the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (70 vs. 33.3%, P=0.005, OR=4.66) is significantly increased in cases as compared with controls. Other diseases like obesity (BMI: OR=2.0417, P=0.187; waist circumference: OR=2.25, P=0.123), type-2 diabetes mellitus (P=0.56, OR=1.40), hypertension (P=0.78, OR=1.15), and renal disease (P=1, OR=1) is found to have greater risk in psoriasis patients than controls, but the reflecting difference is not statistically significant.

Conclusion
The study revealed that the patients of psoriasis are more likely to have systemic comorbidities as compared with patients without psoriasis.
Incidence & factors influencing maternal near miss events in tertiary hospitals of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kulkarni Ragini , Chauhan Sanjay , Fidvi Juzar , Nayak Arun , Humane Anil , Mayekar Rahul , Begum Shahina , Patil Anushree , Mayadeo Niranjan 
Published: August 2023

Background & objectives:
Government of India (GoI) released operational guidelines for maternal near miss-review (MNM-R) in 2014 for use by programme managers of public health system to assist them for conducting MNM-R. The objective of the present study was to review the incidence and factors influencing MNM events in two tertiary hospitals of Maharashtra, India, as per the operational guidelines of the GoI released in 2014 and identify delays based on three-delay model to prevent such events in future.

Methods:
This prospective observational study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals of Maharashtra, from July 2018 to November 2020. All women during pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum upto 42 days meeting the eligibility criteria of MNM as per the 2014 GoI guidelines were included as cases (n=228), interviewed and discussed during the monthly MNM meetings at these hospitals.

Results:
The incidence of MNM was 11/1000 live births; the ratio of MNM to maternal deaths was 1.2:1. Leading causes of MNM were haemorrhage (36.4%) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (30.3%). Haemorrhage was maximum (70.6%) in abortion and ectopic pregnancies. Majority of the women (80.2%) were anaemic, of whom 32.4 per cent had severe anaemia. Eighty six per cent of women included in the study had MNM events at the time of admission and 81 per cent were referred from lower facilities. Level one and two delays were reported by 52.6 and 32.5 per cent of women, respectively. Level three delay at referral centres and at tertiary hospitals was reported by 69.7 and 48.2 per cent of women, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The findings of this study suggest that MNM-R should be undertaken at all tertiary hospitals in India as per GoI guidelines to identify gaps based on three-delay model. These hospitals should implement interventions as per the identified gaps with emphasis on strengthening the infrastructure, facilities and manpower at the first-referral units.
Skin Biopsy in the Pediatric Age Group
Authors: Khullar Geeti , Desai Chirag 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Skin biopsy has a crucial place in arriving at a definitive diagnosis in many pediatric dermatologic conditions. The need to perform a skin biopsy on a child may provoke apprehension in the parents/caregivers, which can be alleviated by establishing a good rapport with them. The details of the procedure, including benefits and risks involved, and the expected result should be communicated to the parents in an easy-to-understand language to have an informed decision. In this review, literature search was done across the PubMed database from January 1992 to January 2022 using the following keywords “skin biopsy in children,” “skin biopsy in pediatric age group,” “pediatric dermatopathology,” “dermatologic surgery in children,” “dermatologic surgery in pediatric age group,” “pediatric dermatologic surgery,” and “procedures in pediatric dermatology.” Articles not written in the English language were excluded.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of using Antibiotics among the Community in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elmahi Reem Hassan , Alrasheed Nourah Ali , Al Sayegh Ahmad Hassan , Almobark Ali Ahmed , Banu Nuzhat , Ali Mohammad Daud 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
The purpose of this study is to explore and evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of using antibiotics among the community in the Eastern Province, of Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted, from February 2022 through March 2022, among people in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Results:
The study population was 753 of the Saudi community. The questionnaire used open-ended and multiple-choice questions. Out of 753 participants, only 254 (55.6%) think that antibiotics can treat a bacterial infection, whereas 163 (35.7%) and 82 (17.9%) think it treats viral and fungal infections respectively. 26 (5.7%) of the respondents think that they should be stopped when the antibiotics are finished, while 72 (15.8%) think that they should be stopped when the symptoms disappear. The most common side effect in the respondent’s opinion was diarrhea 183 (40%), followed by 168 (36.76%) antibiotics resistance. The major reason for taking antibiotics without a prescription was found to be mild symptoms 28 (50.90%), adequate information 21 (38.18%), difficulty in taking appointments 17 (30.90%), long waiting hours during the hospital visits 15 (27.27%). 169 (36.9%) kept the leftover antibiotics for reuse. The most common antibiotics used for self-medication were found to be Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid 23 (41.8%), followed by Amoxicillin 9 (16.36%). Knowledge of antibiotic resistance was highest in the age group 20-30 (62.7%) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
People in Saudi Arabia show a high awareness of antibiotics’ proper usage, and this returns to the great awareness campaign held by The Ministry of Health (MoH).
An experience of Methylguanine-DNA Methylation Assay (MGMT) characterization in glial tumors
Authors: Kaler Amrit Kaur , Thoma Renjan , Suhas N. G. , Prarthana V. K. , Dharman Baby , Balaram Gautam , Ghosh Mithua , Veena R. , Patil Shekhar , Sridhar PS , Swamy Shivakumar , Satish CT , Bhattacharjee S. , Ajaikumar B. S. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
MGMT (O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase) is a DNA repair enzyme, that rescues tumor cells from damage by alkylating agents like temozolomide (TMZ). Promotor methylation of MGMT leads to epigenetic silencing and potentially increased sensitivity to TMZ. MGMT methylation (mMGMT) is an independent favorable prognostic factor, and has confounded its role as a predictive biomarker in making therapeutic decisions for glial tumors, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted for 5 years in high-grade tumors (HCG) Cancer Hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction of MGMT gene using bisulfite modification of tumor DNA was utilized to ascertain the methylation status of cases in the cohort.

Results:
A total of 54 glial tumors comprising 35 males and 18 females between the age group 11 years to 76 years underwent mMGMT testing. About 64.8% (35 cases) of all glial tumors demonstrated mMGMT in the cohort; GBM accounting for a majority of the cases (80.0%; 28 cases). The percentage of mMGMT cases in males and females was found to be 60.0% and 73.0% of cases, respectively. The confluent necrosis commonly seen in GBM is present in 41.0% of methylated cases and minimal in 77.3% of unmethylated cases with a significant P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
MMGMT is a valuable predictive biomarker and is essential in taking the therapeutic decision in newly diagnosed glial tumors. Necrosis can be used as an indicator of mMGMT status according to the present study.