bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular production of a thermostable Cellvibrio endolytic β-agarase in Escherichia coli for agarose liquefaction
Authors: Lee Hee Kyoung , Jang Won Young , Kim Young Ho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFour GH16 family β-agarases (GH16A, GH16B, GH16C, and GH16D), originated from an agarolytic bacterium Cellvibrio sp. KY-GH-1, were expressed in an Escherichia coli system and their activities were compared. Only GH16B (597 amino acids, 63.8 kDa), with N-terminal 22-amino acid signal sequence, was secreted into the culture supernatant and demonstrated a robust endolytic agarose hydrolyzing activity for producing neoagarotetraose (NA4) and neoagarohexaose (NA6) as end products. The optimal temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were 50 °C and 7.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 50 °C and over a pH range of 5.0–8.0. The kinetic parameters, including Km, Vmax, kcat, and kcat/Km, of GH16B β-agarases for agarose were 14.40 mg/mL, 542.0 U/mg, 576.3 s−1, and 4.80 × 106 s−1 M−1, respectively. The addition of 1 mM MnCl2 and 15 mM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine enhanced the enzymatic activity. When agarose or neoagaro-oligosaccharides were used as substrates, the end products of enzymatic catalysis were NA4 and NA6, whereas agaropentaose was produced along with NA4 and NA6 when agaro-oligosaccharides were used as substrates. Treatment of 9%[w/v] melted agarose with the enzyme (1.6 µg/mL) under continuous magnetic stirring at 50 °C for 14 h resulted in efficient agarose liquefaction into NA4 and NA6. Purification of NA4 and NA6 from the enzymatic hydrolysate (9%[w/v] agarose, 20 mL) via Sephadex G-15 column chromatography yielded ~ 650 mg NA4/~ 900 mg NA6 (i.e., ~ 85.3% of the theoretical maximum yield). These findings suggest that the recombinant thermostable GH16B β-agarase is useful for agarose liquefaction to produce NA4 and NA6.
Graphical Abstract
Genetic labeling reveals spatial and cellular expression pattern of neuregulin 1 in mouse brain
Authors: Ding Chen-Yun , Ding Yan-Ting , Ji Haifeng , Wang Yao-Yi , Zhang Xinwen , Yin Dong-Min 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Where the gene is expressed determines the function of the gene. Neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) encodes a tropic factor and is genetically linked with several neuropsychiatry diseases such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Nrg1 has broad functions ranging from regulating neurodevelopment to neurotransmission in the nervous system. However, the expression pattern of Nrg1 at the cellular and circuit levels in rodent brain is not full addressed.

Methods
Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 techniques to generate a knockin mouse line (Nrg1Cre/+) that expresses a P2A-Cre cassette right before the stop codon of Nrg1 gene. Since Cre recombinase and Nrg1 are expressed in the same types of cells in Nrg1Cre/+ mice, the Nrg1 expression pattern can be revealed through the Cre-reporting mice or adeno-associated virus (AAV) that express fluorescent proteins in a Cre-dependent way. Using unbiased stereology and fluorescence imaging, the cellular expression pattern of Nrg1 and axon projections of Nrg1-positive neurons were investigated.

Results
In the olfactory bulb (OB), Nrg1 is expressed in GABAergic interneurons including periglomerular (PG) and granule cells. In the cerebral cortex, Nrg1 is mainly expressed in the pyramidal neurons of superficial layers that mediate intercortical communications. In the striatum, Nrg1 is highly expressed in the Drd1-positive medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the shell of nucleus accumbens (NAc) that project to substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). In the hippocampus, Nrg1 is mainly expressed in granule neurons in the dentate gyrus and pyramidal neurons in the subiculum. The Nrg1-expressing neurons in the subiculum project to retrosplenial granular cortex (RSG) and mammillary nucleus (MM). Nrg1 is highly expressed in the median eminence (ME) of hypothalamus and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum.

Conclusions
Nrg1 is broadly expressed in mouse brain, mainly in neurons, but has unique expression patterns in different brain regions.
Emerging roles of mitochondria in animal regeneration
Authors: Zhao Yun , Gao Chong , Pan Xue , Lei Kai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe regeneration capacity after an injury is critical to the survival of living organisms. In animals, regeneration ability can be classified into five primary types: cellular, tissue, organ, structure, and whole-body regeneration. Multiple organelles and signaling pathways are involved in the processes of initiation, progression, and completion of regeneration. Mitochondria, as intracellular signaling platforms of pleiotropic functions in animals, have recently gained attention in animal regeneration. However, most studies to date have focused on cellular and tissue regeneration. A mechanistic understanding of the mitochondrial role in large-scale regeneration is unclear. Here, we reviewed findings related to mitochondrial involvement in animal regeneration. We outlined the evidence of mitochondrial dynamics across different animal models. Moreover, we emphasized the impact of defects and perturbation in mitochondria resulting in regeneration failure. Ultimately, we discussed the regulation of aging by mitochondria in animal regeneration and recommended this for future study. We hope this review will serve as a means to advocate for more mechanistic studies of mitochondria related to animal regeneration on different scales.
Effectiveness of training programs based on mindfulness in reducing psychological distress and promoting well-being in medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: da Silva Claudia Cardoso Gomes , Bolognani Cláudia Vicari , Amorim Fábio Ferreira , Imoto Aline Mizusaki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Medical schools have used mindfulness meditation as a strategy to assist students in stress management. This study aimed to seek evidence regarding the effectiveness of mindfulness-based training programs in reducing psychological distress and promoting the well-being of medical students.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO/PsycNet, LILACS/BVS, ERIC (ProQuest), Web of Science, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized clinical trials published until March 2022, without time or language restrictions. Two authors independently screened the articles, extracted data using a standardized extraction form, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2 (ROB 2) tool and the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.

Results
Of the 848 articles retrieved, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Mindfulness-based training improved the outcomes: mindfulness (small post-intervention effect: SMD = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.54; p = 0.03; I2 = 46%; high evidence quality, and small effect at follow-up: SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.70; p = 0.03; I2 = 53%; low evidence quality), psychological well-being/health (there was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the post-intervention effect: SMD =  − 0.27; 95% CI: − 0.67 to 0.13; p = 0.18; I2 = 76%; moderate evidence quality, and a significant difference at follow-up: SMD =  − 0.73; 95% CI: − 1.23 to − 0.23; p = 0.004; I2 = 61%; low evidence quality), and stress (small post-intervention effect: SMD =  − 0.29; CI of 95%: − 0.56 to − 0.02; p = 0.04; I2 = 57%; moderate evidence quality, and moderate effect at follow-up: SMD =  − 0.45, 95% CI: − 0.67 to − 0.22, p = 0.0001, I2 = 0%, moderate evidence quality). The quality of evidence for the anxiety, depression, and resilience outcomes is low and for the empathy outcome, very low.

Conclusion
The results indicate that the students who participated in the mindfulness training perceived improvements in the stress and psychological distress symptoms and improved health perception and psychological well-being. However, the significant heterogeneity among studies should be considered when interpreting these findings.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020153169.
The effect of relationship marketing towards switching barrier, customer satisfaction, and customer trust on bank customers
Authors: Hidayat Kadarisman , Idrus Muhammad Ishlah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBasically, relationship marketing focuses more on creating customer value through interaction with customers to get information regarding evaluation of customer needs and expectations on an ongoing basis. Interaction with customers must be conducted, because customer involvement can increase customer value, so that the company can meet their expectations and needs. Furthermore, customer satisfaction, customer trust, and customer retention can be influenced by the implementation of a relationship marketing strategy. This study aims to examine and analyze the correlation between relationship marketing variables to switching barriers, customer satisfaction, customer trust and customer retention. Regarding to the objectives and study hypotheses, structural equation technique (SEM) is considered as relevant to be used. The population in this study was BNI customers who are members of BNI Emerald in East Java Province. The sample was obtained based on the top five BNI branches. Furthermore, the sample was determined by area proportional random sampling based on branches with a total sample of 141 respondents. Based on the study results, it is concluded that the effect of Relationship Marketing on Switching Barriers, Customer Satisfaction, and Customer Trust is positively significant. As a result, relational marketing is positioned as the primary exogenous variable to be investigated in conjunction with other relevant factors, such as switching barrier variables, customer happiness, customer trust, and customer retention. Customer satisfaction has a considerable positive impact on customer trust, indicating that the better the customer satisfaction, the higher the customer trust. Customer satisfaction has a positive and considerable impact on customer retention, indicating that the better the customer satisfaction, the higher the customer retention.
A review of the pangenome: how it affects our understanding of genomic variation, selection and breeding in domestic animals?
Authors: Gong Ying , Li Yefang , Liu Xuexue , Ma Yuehui , Jiang Lin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs large-scale genomic studies have progressed, it has been revealed that a single reference genome pattern cannot represent genetic diversity at the species level. While domestic animals tend to have complex routes of origin and migration, suggesting a possible omission of some population-specific sequences in the current reference genome. Conversely, the pangenome is a collection of all DNA sequences of a species that contains sequences shared by all individuals (core genome) and is also able to display sequence information unique to each individual (variable genome). The progress of pangenome research in humans, plants and domestic animals has proved that the missing genetic components and the identification of large structural variants (SVs) can be explored through pangenomic studies. Many individual specific sequences have been shown to be related to biological adaptability, phenotype and important economic traits. The maturity of technologies and methods such as third-generation sequencing, Telomere-to-telomere genomes, graphic genomes, and reference-free assembly will further promote the development of pangenome. In the future, pangenome combined with long-read data and multi-omics will help to resolve large SVs and their relationship with the main economic traits of interest in domesticated animals, providing better insights into animal domestication, evolution and breeding. In this review, we mainly discuss how pangenome analysis reveals genetic variations in domestic animals (sheep, cattle, pigs, chickens) and their impacts on phenotypes and how this can contribute to the understanding of species diversity. Additionally, we also go through potential issues and the future perspectives of pangenome research in livestock and poultry.
Thermoelastic instability on a frictional surface and its implication for size effect in friction experiments
Authors: Noda Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent laboratory friction experiments on large rock samples revealed that dynamic weakening, a remarkable reduction in the friction coefficient at elevated slip rates, occurs at lower slip rates in larger samples. There is a large difference between the sizes of natural faults and those in laboratory experiments. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the effect of size on rock friction. In the field of tribology, the interaction between frictional heating and thermoelastic effect has long been investigated. It was shown that higher slip rates than the critical value $${V}_{\mathrm{cr}}$$

V
cr

causes growth of temperature and normal stress heterogeneity (thermoelastic instability), and $${V}_{\mathrm{cr}}$$

V
cr

is proportional to the wavenumber of the heterogeneity. Severely heterogeneous normal stress may cause concentration of frictional power, thus locally activating dynamic weakening and leading to macroscopic weakening. Because a larger sample hosts a perturbation of a smaller wavenumber, it is expected to weaken at a lower slip rate than a smaller sample. In this study, a new numerical method was developed for analysis of thermoelastic instability based on the definition of memory variables and numerical approximation to the integration kernel, for the 2-dimensional problem of a planar fault embedded in an infinite medium. This method was advantageous over the standard integral equation method in terms of numerical costs. Numerical solutions with the new method on sinusoidal perturbations in the normal stress were compared with previously derived steady-state solution and its stability for validation. The typical thermoelastic properties of gabbro yield $${V}_{\mathrm{cr}}$$

V
cr

in a range of experimentally adopted slip rates, indicating that the thermoelastic effect may play an important role in high-velocity friction experiments. Because the temperature rise and the resulting normal stress change smear out after the friction experiments, measurement of the temperature distribution in a sample during a friction experiment is important for further understanding the dynamic weakening and scale effect of rock friction.
Graphical Abstract
Upward propagation of gravity waves and ionospheric perturbations triggered by the 2022 Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption
Authors: Miyoshi Yasunobu , Shinagawa Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing an atmosphere–ionosphere coupled model (GAIA), atmospheric and ionospheric perturbations triggered by the 2022 Hunga-Tonga volcanic eruption are studied. Our result shows that ionospheric perturbations are caused by neutral wind perturbations associated with gravity waves. Gravity waves with horizontal phase speeds of 200–310 m/s are excited in the troposphere near the Hunga-Tonga volcano, and propagate upward into the thermosphere. While the amplitude of the eruption-generated gravity waves is small in the troposphere (~ 1 m/s), the amplitude of the gravity waves increases exponentially with height because of the exponential decrease of the density, reaching 60‒80 m/s at 300 km height. General features of the TIDs appeared in GNSS–TEC observations reported in earlier studies are reproduced fairly well. We can conclude that the eruption-generated gravity waves whose horizontal phase velocity is close to the sound speed play an important role in thermospheric and ionospheric perturbations after the Hunga-Tonga volcano eruption.
Graphical Abstract
Geomagnetic activity dependence and dawn-dusk asymmetry of thermospheric winds from 9-year measurements with a Fabry–Perot interferometer in Tromsø, Norway
Authors: Oyama Shin-ichiro , Aikio Anita , Sakanoi Takeshi , Hosokawa Keisuke , Vanhamäki Heikki , Cai Lei , Virtanen Ilkka , Pedersen Marcus , Shiokawa Kazuo , Shinbori Atsuki , Nishitani Nozomu , Ogawa Yasunobu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIon drag associated with the ionospheric plasma convection plays an important role in the high-latitude thermospheric dynamics, yet changes in the thermospheric wind with geomagnetic activity are not fully understood. We performed a statistical analysis of the thermospheric wind measurements with a Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI; 630 nm wavelength) in Tromsø, Norway, in the winter months for 9 years. The measurements were sorted by a SuperMAG (SME) index, and a quiet-time wind pattern was defined as an hourly mean under SME ≤ 40 nT. The quiet-time wind pattern can be expected to be represented by a pressure gradient associated with the solar radiation and a geostrophic force balance. With an increase in the geomagnetic activity level, the thermospheric wind turned over from eastward to westward at dusk and increased the equatorward magnitude from midnight to dawn. Deviations from the quiet-time wind presented similar patterns in the direction with the ionospheric plasma convection but were larger in magnitude at dusk than at dawn. This is the first study to report a dawn-dusk asymmetry of the thermospheric wind acceleration feature and signatures of the eastward wind acceleration at dawn by ion drag.
Graphical Abstract
NEDD4-1 deficiency impairs satellite cell function during skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Cabezas Felipe , Cabello-Verrugio Claudio , González Natalia , Salas Jeremy , Ramírez Manuel J. , de la Vega Eduardo , Olguín Hugo C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Satellite cells are tissue-specific stem cells primarily responsible for the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. Satellite cell function and maintenance are regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms, including the ubiquitin–proteasome system, which is key for maintaining protein homeostasis. In this context, it has been shown that ubiquitin-ligase NEDD4-1 targets the transcription factor PAX7 for proteasome-dependent degradation, promoting muscle differentiation in vitro. Nonetheless, whether NEDD4-1 is required for satellite cell function in regenerating muscle remains to be determined.

Results
Using conditional gene ablation, we show that NEDD4-1 loss, specifically in the satellite cell population, impairs muscle regeneration resulting in a significant reduction of whole-muscle size. At the cellular level, NEDD4-1-null muscle progenitors exhibit a significant decrease in the ability to proliferate and differentiate, contributing to the formation of myofibers with reduced diameter.

Conclusions
These results indicate that NEDD4-1 expression is critical for proper muscle regeneration in vivo and suggest that it may control satellite cell function at multiple levels.
Group music therapy with songwriting for adult patients with long-term depression (SYNCHRONY study): a feasibility and acceptability study of the intervention and parallel randomised controlled trial design with wait-list control and nested process evaluation
Authors: Carr Catherine Elizabeth , Millard Emma , Dilgul Merve , Bent Cornelia , Wetherick Donald , French Jennifer , Priebe Stefan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite effective treatments, one fifth of patients develop chronic depression. Music therapy may offer a different approach. This study aimed to assess feasibility and acceptability of a music therapy intervention and trial methodology.

Methods
A parallel two-arm randomised controlled trial with wait-list control, mixed feasibility/acceptability measures and nested process evaluation. Adults with long-term depression (symptom duration > 1 year) were recruited from community mental health services and computer randomised to 42 sessions of group music therapy with songwriting three times per week or wait-list control. Depression, social functioning, distress, quality of life, satisfaction and service use were assessed by blinded researchers at enrolment, 1 week and 3 and 6 months post-therapy. Outcomes were analysed descriptively, controlling for baseline covariates. Recruitment (number eligible, participation and retention rates) and intervention (fidelity, adherence) feasibility were assessed using pre-defined stop–go criteria. Attendance, adverse events, mood, relationship satisfaction and semi-structured interviews were analysed in a nested process evaluation.

Results
Recruitment processes were feasible with 421 eligible, 12.7% participation and 60% (18/30) retention. Thirty participants were randomised to intervention (N = 20) and control (N = 10). Session attendance was low (mean 10.5) with four withdrawals. Music therapist adherence was good but changes to session frequency were suggested. Outcomes were available for 10/20 treatment and 9/10 wait-list participants. Depression increased in both arms post-therapy. Treatment depression scores fell below baseline 3 and 6 months post-therapy indicating improvement. Wait-list depression scores increased from baseline 3 and 6 months post-therapy. At 3 months, the treatment arm improved from baseline on all measures except satisfaction and functioning. At 6 months, quality of life, distress and functioning improved with reduction in health service contacts. High-attending participants improved more than low-attending. Seven adverse events (one serious) were reported.

Limitations
As this was a feasibility study, clinical outcomes should be interpreted cautiously.

Conclusion
A randomised controlled trial of group music therapy using songwriting is feasible with inclusion criteria and session frequency modifications, but further intervention development is required.

Trial registration
ISRCTN18164037 on 26.09.2016.
Integrated cognitive behavioral treatment for substance use and depressive symptoms: a homeless case series and feasibility study
Authors: Molander Olof , Bjureberg Johan , Sahlin Hanna , Beijer Ulla , Hellner Clara , Ljótsson Brjánn 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Homelessness is associated with high prevalence of psychiatric disorders such as substance use disorders, including alcohol use disorder, and depression.

Methods
This case series and feasibility trial evaluated a novel integrated cognitive behavioral treatment (ICBT), which was adapted specifically for homeless individuals and developed to treat substance use and depressive symptoms simultaneously. The ICBT was delivered among four homeless individuals enrolled in the Treatment First program (a social services program where treatment is offered in conjunction with temporary transitional housing), who had access to stable and sober housing milieus.

Results
The ICBT was rated high in expectancy of improvement, credibility, and satisfaction, with few treatment-related adverse events, and fairly high treatment retention. At 12 months follow-up, three of four participants were not homeless anymore. Some participants experienced short-term reductions in substance use and/or depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
The study provided preliminary support that the ICBT can be a feasible and potentially effective treatment for homeless individuals with substance use and/or depressive symptoms. However, the delivery format within the Treatment First program was not feasible. The ICBT could be offered within the social services Housing First program instead (where permanent housing is offered before treatment), or to non-homeless individuals.

Trial registration
The study was registered retrospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05329181).