bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Erosion of Rabbit Liver Induced by Locally Injected Phase‐Shift Acoustic Droplets and With Lauromacrogol
Authors: Li Hui , Deng Qingyue , Cai Zhiping , Wang Qin , Huang Leidan , Gao Yuejuan , Dong Xiaoxiao , Sun Litao , Liu Zheng 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesOur previous studies have found that low‐frequency, low‐pressure, weakly focused ultrasound (FUS) can induce acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) of perfluoropentane (PFP) droplets and result in localized liver and prostate tissue controllable cavitation resonance and mechanical damage. To further investigate the mechanical erosion induced by ultrasound and locally injected phase‐shift acoustic droplets in rabbit liver.MethodsThe liver of each rabbit was treated with perfluoromethylcyclopentane (PFMCP) alone, FUS combined with PFMCP (FUS + PFMCP), and FUS combined with PFP (FUS + PFP).ResultsTwo‐dimensional ultrasound images showed that immediately after the completion of FUS + PFP group treatments, a high echogenicity bubble cloud could be observed, while there were no significant differences in the PFMCP and FUS + PFMCP group before and after treatment. The liver necrotic area in the FUS + PFP group was 6.2 times that of the FUS + PFMCP group (P < .05), whereas no liver necrosis was observed in the PFMCP group. At the same time, the number of vacuoles in the liver in the FUS + PFP group was approximately 70 times that of the FUS + PFMCP group (P < .001), whereas no vacuoles were observed in the PFMCP group (P < .001).ConclusionsBoth FUS + PFMCP and PFMCP alone have poor mechanical erosion in liver tissue, and may even cause no damage. Only PFP droplets combined with FUS can cause significant mechanical destruction of liver tissue, leading to tissue necrosis in the droplet injection area.
Benthic bacterial communities are shaped by browning in boreal headwater streams
Authors: Brüsecke Joanna , Muotka Timo , Huttunen Kaisa‐Leena , Lehosmaa Kaisa , Jyväsjärvi Jussi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOwing to the rapid progress of high‐throughput sequencing technologies, microbial assemblages have gained growing interest in environmental impact assessment. However, research on microbial community responses, particularly those of benthic biofilm, to browning (increased concentrations of dissolved organic carbon [DOC]), is scarce. We used data from 55 boreal streams to examine if biofilm bacterial communities exhibit changes in diversity and community composition along a gradient of browning (3.6–27 mg DOC L−1). Species richness increased slightly with increasing DOC, whereas community composition changed markedly across the gradient, especially in the active community. Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota were overall dominant bacterial phyla. In the active community, Bacteroidota became relatively less abundant and Pseudomonadota more abundant with increasing DOC. Nitrate‐N (NO3‐N) and DOC were the most important predictors of bacterial community turnover. The greatest change in community composition occurred between 75 and 100 μg NO3‐N L−1. For DOC, the first change point was at the low‐end of the gradient, followed by a major change in strongly brownified waters (> 20 mg L−1). Bacterial communities became phylogenetically more similar than expected by chance as DOC increased. Concordance between bacterial and benthic invertebrate communities was very high, indicating that browning exerts a strong control over both taxonomic groups. Our results suggest that microbial communities, particularly the active portion of the community, may provide a sensitive and reliable tool for stream bioassessment. We defined a threshold‐type response in bacterial assemblages to water browning but more research is needed on microbial responses to multiple simultaneous stressors related to global warming and land‐use intensification.
Hypoxia Promotes Malignant Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Inducing POSTN+ Cancer‐Associated Fibroblast Formation
Authors: Qin Jian , Hu Shangshang , Chen Yuhan , Xu Mu , Xiao Qianni , Lou Jinwei , Ding Muzi , Sun Huiling , Xu Tao , Pan Yuqin , Wang Shukui 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. Hypoxia can promote the occurrence and development of CRC. However, how hypoxia regulates the CRC immune microenvironment needs to be further explored. The bulk RNA sequencing data and clinicopathological information of CRC patients were enrolled from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. The single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) datasets of CRC were collected from and analyzed from the GEO database and the ArrayExpress database. The score of the hypoxia gene set was estimated using the “ssGSEA” algorithm in the “GSVA” R package. The functional characteristics of CAF subtypes were studied by bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments, and a prognostic model was constructed based on machine learning correlation. Hypoxia is associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Periostin (POSTN) + Fib is a cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) closely associated with hypoxia, and high infiltration of POSTN + Fib is associated with adverse outcomes in overall survival (OS) and relapse‐free survival (RFS) in CRC patients. Hypoxia can induce POSTN expression and secretion in CAFs. Hypoxia‐induced increase of POSTN expression in CAFs can significantly promote the migration and proliferation of CRC cells. Hypoxia‐induced increase of POSTN expression in CAFs can significantly promote the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. The POSTN+Fib Hypoxia‐Related Risk Model (PFHRM) can predict the survival and immunotherapy response of CRC patients. Our study identified a POSTN+Fib cell subpopulation closely associated with hypoxia, which promotes the malignant progression of CRC. The development of PFHRM provides a theoretical basis for improving patient survival and prognosis.
Clinical Features and Genetic Characteristics of XLID Patients With KDM5C Gene Mutations: Insights on Phenotype–Genotype Correlations From 175 Previous Cases and Identification of a Novel Variant
Authors: Ghasemi Mohammad‐Reza , Esmaeilizadeh Zahra , Tehrani Fateh Sahand , Sadeghi Hossein , Bagheri Saman , Hashemi‐Gorji Farzad , Sheikhi Nooshabadi Morteza , Madannezhad Rasoul , Tavabe Ghavami Toktam Sadat , Mirfakhraie Reza , Miryounesi Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundX‐linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that results in cognitive impairment and developmental delays. Mutations in the KDM5C gene have been identified as a causative factor in XLID. This study aimed to identify novel variants associated with XLID and to investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of XLID patients with mutations in the KDM5C gene. This study also conducted a narrative review of the literature to identify key clinical and genetic characteristics of XLID caused by mutations in the KDM5C gene.Study DesignWhole‐exome sequencing was performed on the proband's DNA, and Sanger sequencing was used to confirm and analyze the identified variant in a 20‐month‐old male patient with motor and speech delays. Moreover, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to gather previously reported cases, providing insights into the molecular findings and clinical characteristics of this disorder.ResultsThe study identified a novel variant, c.2704C>T:p.Gln902X, located in exon 19 of the KDM5C gene (NM_004187.5) using Whole exome sequencing (WES), highlighting the utility of this approach in identifying rare genetic disorders. The analysis also revealed the variable clinical features associated with KDM5C‐related disorders and identified missense variants as the most prevalent among the reported variants.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the clinical and genetic characteristics of XLID associated with KDM5C gene mutations, highlighting the higher manifestation of seizures in males and also addressing the heterogeneity of phenotypes in females.It also identifies a novel pathogenic variant and emphasizes the importance of considering gender‐specific factors and further research to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.CLINVAR Accession NumberSCV004034082
Perforator‐Based Propeller Flap Application in Pressure Ulcer Reconstruction: A Comparative Analysis With Advancement Flaps
Authors: Kim Jong‐Ho , Han Man Wong , Park Joseph Kyu‐hyung , Lee Kyoung Min , Kim Baek‐Kyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPressure ulcers are a prevalent and debilitating condition, often necessitating surgical reconstruction. Various flap techniques, such as Advancement Flaps (AF) and Perforator‐based Propeller Flaps (PBPF), are commonly used for pressure sore reconstruction. While both techniques have proven effective, there is limited research comparing their outcomes in different clinical scenarios. In recent years, PBPF has demonstrated favorable outcomes in various reconstruction fields. However, there remains a need to establish the optimal technique for specific clinical conditions and patient populations. Therefore, this study aims to compare the outcomes of PBPF and AF in patients undergoing pressure ulcer reconstruction.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent pressure sore reconstruction utilizing either AF or PBPF techniques between January 2020 and December 2023. Data on demographics, pressure ulcer details, operative time, hospital stay, recurrence rate, and complications were collected and analyzed.ResultsIn this study of 56 patients, 30 underwent AF, and 26 underwent PBPF. Demographic and clinical characteristics showed no significant differences. Clinical and surgical outcomes indicated no significant differences in defect size (p = 0.517), hospitalization period (p = 0.786), follow‐up duration (p = 0.746), number of preoperative debridements (p = 0.781), time to recurrence (p = 0.224), or postoperative complications (p = 0.757). However, PBPF resulted in a smaller flap size (93.7 ± 29.5 cm2 for AF vs. 70.5 ± 19.7 cm2 for PBPF, p < 0.001), a longer operation time compared to AF (94.6 ± 39.1 min for AF vs. 161.0 ± 38.9 min for PBPF, p < 0.001), and lower recurrence rate in long‐term follow‐up (p = 0.036).ConclusionsPBPF may have the drawback of prolonged surgical time due to the complexity of the surgical procedure. However, when applied appropriately, it can be a meaningful surgical approach for reducing the recurrence rate of pressure ulcers.
Learning‐based motion artifact correction in the Z‐spectral domain for chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI
Authors: Singh Munendra , Mahmud Sultan Z. , Yedavalli Vivek , Zhou Jinyuan , Kamson David Olayinka , van Zijl Peter , Heo Hye‐Young 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeTo develop and evaluate a physics‐driven, saturation contrast‐aware, deep‐learning‐based framework for motion artifact correction in CEST MRI.MethodsA neural network was designed to correct motion artifacts directly from a Z‐spectrum frequency (Ω) domain rather than an image spatial domain. Motion artifacts were simulated by modeling 3D rigid‐body motion and readout‐related motion during k‐space sampling. A saturation‐contrast‐specific loss function was added to preserve amide proton transfer (APT) contrast, as well as enforce image alignment between motion‐corrected and ground‐truth images. The proposed neural network was evaluated on simulation data and demonstrated in healthy volunteers and brain tumor patients.ResultsThe experimental results showed the effectiveness of motion artifact correction in the Z‐spectrum frequency domain (MOCOΩ) compared to in the image spatial domain. In addition, a temporal convolution applied to a dynamic saturation image series was able to leverage motion artifacts to improve reconstruction results as a denoising process. The MOCOΩ outperformed existing techniques for motion correction in terms of image quality and computational efficiency. At 3 T, human experiments showed that the root mean squared error (RMSE) of APT images decreased from 4.7% to 2.1% at 1 μT and from 6.2% to 3.5% at 1.5 μT in case of “moderate” motion and from 8.7% to 2.8% at 1 μT and from 12.7% to 4.5% at 1.5 μT in case of “severe” motion, after motion artifact correction.ConclusionThe MOCOΩ could effectively correct motion artifacts in CEST MRI without compromising saturation transfer contrast.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Median Nerve Cross‐Sectional Area in Suspected Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Stikvoort García Diederik J. L. , van den Berg Leonard H. , Sleutjes Boudewijn T. H. M. , Goedee H. Stephan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroduction/AimsReduced nerve sizes obtained by nerve ultrasound (NUS) have been proposed as a potential diagnostic marker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, prospective studies evaluating patients with suspected ALS are currently lacking. We, therefore, evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a standardized NUS protocol in a large sample of suspected ALS patients.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 193 patients with suspected ALS, all of whom underwent the relevant ancillary tests. They also underwent a standardized NUS protocol, evaluating median nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) at upper arm, forearm and wrist. Additionally, we selected, retrospectively, a random sample of incident patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN, n = 42). We determined diagnostic accuracy using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsUltimately, 143/193 patients received a final diagnosis of ALS, at a median disease duration of 10 months. Fifty patients were classified as non‐ALS. Diagnostic yield of NUS to distinguish between patients with and without ALS was low (highest area under the curve (AUC) at the wrist: 0.57). In contrast, abnormal nerve sizes accurately discriminated MMN from patients with ALS, with AUCs ranging from 0.65 at the wrist to 0.86 at the upper arm.DiscussionOur study shows that reductions in nerve size are unlikely to have diagnostic utility during routine evaluation of suspected patients with ALS. However, when the differential diagnosis includes both ALS and MMN, median nerve size demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy.
Successful Clozapine Treatment for Treatment‐Resistant Schizophrenia With Zinc Deficiency Severe Anemia: A Case Report
Authors: Matsuo‐Yamamoto Kaoru , Uenishi Shinya , Ishiyama Yuta , Yamada Shinichi , Kitabata Yuji , Okamura Kazuya , Kimoto Sohei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionClozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug approved for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Despite its high efficacy for TRS, clozapine is associated with several serious adverse effects, such as neutropenia and diabetes, so it requires vigilant monitoring. Severe anemia has also been documented as a rare but serious complication with an unclear mechanism. We present a case report of severe anemia potentially associated with zinc deficiency during clozapine therapy.Case ReportA 51‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with TRS without physical complications. Zinc deficiency was identified as a potential contributing factor. Zinc supplementation improved her hemoglobin levels, enabling the patient to continue clozapine at a therapeutic dose. The patient has remained stable, with no recurrence of anemia.DiscussionClozapine is a highly effective antipsychotic, despite side effects including blood dyscrasias. While zinc deficiency is most likely to be implicated in clozapine‐induced anemia, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Further research is required to explore this relationship between clozapine and zinc decrement.
Impact of Platelet Transfusion at Different Doses in Oncohematology Pediatric Inpatients and Outpatients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Berti Pierpaolo , Montanari Mauro , La Raja Massimo , Giua Renato , Terrenato Irene , Becilli Marco , Paganelli Valeria , Di Ruscio Valentina , Deriu Daniele , D'Agostino Eleonora , Ferruzzi Ilaria , Conte Marta , Porzio Ottavia , Vacca Michele 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPlatelet (PLT) transfusion is an essential strategy to prevent bleeding in children with thrombocytopenia associated to cancer treatment. However, data on optimal pediatric dosing and transfusion thresholds are limited.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed data from 607 pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies, nonmalignant disorders, and solid tumors who developed hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia during therapy. In the first phase (Objective 1), the effective response to transfusion (ERTR) was assessed following International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine guidelines (ICTMG), comparing low‐dose (1.1 × 1011 PLT/m2 body surface area) transfusions for inpatients and medium dose (2.2 × 1011) for outpatients. Transfusion thresholds were set at less than 10,000/µL versus 10,000–20,000/µL, and overall PLT concentrate consumption was analyzed. The second phase (Objective 2) examined the total number of transfusions per patient, incidence of major bleeding events, and bleeding‐related mortality rates across dosing groups.ResultsERTR ranged from 65% to 82%, with significantly higher rates in outpatients compared to inpatients. In outpatients with PLT less than 10,000/µL, the medium dose showed no significant advantage over the lower inpatient dose. Similar efficacy was observed between low (<10,000/µL) and high (10,000–20,000/µL) transfusion triggers, with no statistically significant difference in the incidence of major bleeding events across groups. The low‐dose strategy was significantly associated with a reduction in PLT volume transfused compared to the standard expected dose.ConclusionsThese findings support the application of ICTMG in pediatric settings. The lower PLT dose for inpatients is safe and effective, providing benefits in resource utilization, while a higher transfusion trigger (20,000/µL) does not improve outcomes.
Medulloblastoma Molecular Subgrouping and Outcomes Data of a Single Center From a Low‐ and Middle‐Income Country
Authors: Mushtaq Naureen , Bashir Farrah , Zahid Soha , Riaz Quratulain , Javed Gohar , Tariq Maria , Qureshi Bilal Mazhar , Hilal Kiran , Ramaswamy Vijay , Hawkins Cynthia , Minhas Khurram , Bouffet Eric 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor. Molecular subgrouping of MB has become a major determinant of management in high‐income countries. Subgrouping is still very limited in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), and its relevance to management with the incorporation of risk stratification (low risk, standard risk, high risk, and very high risk) has yet to be evaluated in this setting. We describe molecular findings from a tertiary care center in Pakistan and their implications for outcome.MethodsChildren aged between 3 and 18 years diagnosed with MB from April 2014 to December 2020 at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) were included. Subgrouping was performed by NanoString through a collaboration with The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.ResultsThirty‐seven patients (30 males) were included in this study; median age was 9 years. Twenty patients (54.1%) were high‐risk, including 12 with metastatic disease. In 30 children, there was a clear molecular subgroup: 4 wingless (WNT) (10.8%), 6 sonic hedgehog (SHH) (16.2%), 3 Group 3 (8.1%), and 17 Group 4 (45.9%) MBs. Molecular subgrouping was inconclusive for three patients (8.1%) and not done in four patients (10.8%). All patients underwent surgery; 26 patients received radiation therapy at AKUH, and 9 were referred outside for radiotherapy; 24 patients received chemotherapy at AKUH (10 outside AKUH). Overall survival (OS) at 5 years was 100%, 66.7%, 66.7%, and 88.2% for WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4 patients, respectively (p = 0.668). Low‐ and standard‐risk patients had a 5‐year OS of 100%, whereas very high‐risk patients exhibited a significantly lower OS of 0% (p < 0.001).ConclusionWNT and Group 4 patients had excellent results despite one WNT patient having metastatic disease and eight Group 4 patients being high risk. Our study depicts that molecular subgrouping aids in accurately predicting survival, suggesting the potential benefit of tailored testing and treatment in the LMIC setting.
Trans‐scale thermo‐viscoelastic behavior prediction of 3D tubular braided composites
Authors: Zhang Yuyang , Li Huimin , Wang Yulin , Wang Lizheng , Ge Lei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe prediction of viscoelastic behavior of resin‐based three‐dimensional (3D) tubular braided composites is important due to their long‐term application at different temperatures in fields such as aerospace. Based on the time–temperature superposition principle and the automatic translation algorithm, this study establishes isotropic and transversely isotropic thermo‐viscoelastic constitutive models for defect‐containing resin and yarn respectively. In addition, based on micro‐CT technology and multi‐scale continuum mechanics, a realistic trans‐scale finite element model from microscopic (fiber/matrix representative volume element [RVE], resin/pore RVE) to macroscopic (3D tubular braided composites) has been developed to sequentially simulate the long‐term viscoelastic properties of 3D tubular braided composites at different scales. The results show that defects have a minor effect on the viscoelastic properties of the matrix, while temperature significantly affects the time it takes for the elastic properties of the material to stabilize at all scales. Although the braiding angle does not affect the time for the axial compression relaxation modulus of 3D tubular braided composites to reach stability, it is positively correlated with the rate of change of the axial compression relaxation modulus. The accuracy of the proposed model is verified by good agreement with the experimental curves at different temperatures.Highlights
A trans‐scale thermo‐viscoelastic constitutive model is established.
The viscoelastic behavior of 3D tubular braided composites at different temperatures is predicted.
Experimental curves show good agreement with the model predictions.
The Classification Algorithm Based on Functional Logistic Regression Model With Spatial Effects and Its Application in Air Quality Analysis
Authors: Xinran Cai , Yuzhu Tian , Wang Yue , Maozai Tian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWith the acceleration of economic development and urbanization, air pollution has become increasingly severe and has been a crucial issue affecting social advancement. Considering the spatial correlation between regions in air quality analysis can improve the accuracy of model estimation for the data on air pollution. First, we propose the functional Logistic regression model with spatial effects. Second, we fit the original data into functional data using B‐spline basis functions and apply functional principal component analysis for dimension reduction. Further, the model is estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through numerical simulations and a real data analysis for PM2.5 air quality in the Sichuan‐Chongqing region of China.