bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of alcohol intoxication on primary and secondary haemostasis – results from comprehensive coagulation testing
Authors: Schmölders Ronja Sabine , Hoffmann Till , Hermsen Derik , Bernhard Michael , Boege Fritz , Lau Michael , Hartung Benno 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Alcohol intoxication is known to affect blood coagulation. The specific effects remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the impact of severe alcohol intoxication on blood clotting by comprehensive coagulation testing.

Methods
A prospective study included 21 patients admitted to the emergency department of University Hospital Düsseldorf with severe alcohol intoxication (target blood alcohol concentration > 2 g/l). Platelet function and coagulation was compared between states of alcohol intoxication and soberness using multiple platelet function analysis, thrombelastography and determination of single coagulation factors. The same test panel was used to study in vitro-effects of ethanol on coagulation.

Results
Blood alcohol was correlated with impaired platelet aggregation determined in vivo by functional testing employing ADP and ASPI stimulation. Blood alcohol-associated coagulation impairment was not detectable by thrombelastography or clotting factor measurements. Blood alcohol was negatively correlated with von Willebrand factor ratio and clot strength. The association of elevated blood alcohol with impaired coagulation could not be replicated in vitro.

Discussion
Our findings suggest that alcohol impairs primary hemostasis by reducing platelet function, while secondary hemostasis remains largely unaffected. Reversion of effects upon sobering suggest a rather direct impact of alcohol on platelet function. That effect was, however, not replicated in vitro possibly implicating involvement of vascular factors.

Conclusion
Blood alcohol has a potentially negative impact on platelet function, which should be considered in the clinical management of intoxicated patients, especially in emergency settings. Potential bleeding risks due to increased blood alcohol are possibly detected by analysis of platelet function, while not by thrombelastography or plasmatic coagulation tests.
Smartphone-based gait analysis in the assessment of fatigue and fatigability in people with multiple sclerosis: a supervised cohort study
Authors: Schönherr Carolin , Ziegler Julian , Zentek Ton , Rashid Asarnush , Strauss Sebastian , Tallner Alexander , Grothe Matthias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Gait impairments and fatigue are the most common and disabling symptoms in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Objective 6-min walk test (6MWT) gait testing can be improved through body-worn accelerometers, but its association to subjective fatigue and objective fatigability is contradictory. This study aims to validate an algorithm using smartphone sensor data for spatial–temporal gait parameters in PwMS and healthy controls, and evaluate its accuracy in detecting fatigability, and quantify its association with fatigue in PwMS.

Methods
We recruited PwMS with mild to moderate disability (EDSS 0.0–6.5) and healthy controls in a supervised, lab-based cohort study. All participants performed the 6MWT while wearing a smartphone at the hip, which collected acceleration data of step count, cadence and walking speed. Algorithm validation included the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and Bland–Altman analysis. Fatigability and fatigue were measured in PwMS, with fatigability defined as a 10% decline in gait performance, and fatigue using the fatigue scale for motor and cognitive functions (FSMC). Further, correlations between gait parameters and FSMC were assessed.

Results
A total of 38 PwMS and 24 healthy controls were included. The algorithm demonstrated high validity for step count (MAPE < 3%) and cadence (MAPE < 10%). Gait analyses revealed fatigability in between 2.6 and 15.8% of PwMS, with large differences between the gait parameter assessed. Significant correlations were found especially between FSMC motor fatigue scores and step count (r = − 0.50), cadence (r = 0.51) and walking speed (r = 0.50).

Conclusion
Smartphone-based gait analysis provides an accessible and valid method for detecting steps and cadence. There are major differences in the assessment of fatigability, but an allover association to subjective motor fatigue.
Invasive therapies for Parkinson’s disease: an adapted excerpt from the guidelines of the German Society of Neurology
Authors: Reese René , Koeglsperger Thomas , Schrader Christoph , Tönges Lars , Deuschl Günther , Kühn Andrea A. , Krack Paul , Schnitzler Alfons , Storch Alexander , Trenkwalder Claudia , Höglinger Günter U. ,   for the German Parkinson‘s Guideline Group
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by hypokinetic motor symptoms, tremor, and various non-motor symptoms with frequent fluctuations of symptoms in advanced disease stages. Invasive therapies, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), ablative therapies, and continuous subcutaneous or intrajejunal delivery of dopaminergic drugs via pump therapies are available for the management of this complex motor symptomatology and may also impact non-motor symptoms. The recent update of the clinical guideline on PD by the German Neurological Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie e.V.; DGN) offers clear guidance on the indications and applications of these treatment options.

Methods
The guideline committee formulated diagnostic questions for invasive therapies and structured them according to the PICOS framework (Population–Intervention–Comparisons–Outcome–Studies). A systematic literature review was conducted. Questions were addressed using the findings from the literature review and consented by the guideline committee.

Results
Specific recommendations are given regarding (i) the optimal timing for starting invasive therapies, (ii) the application of DBS, (iii) the use of pump therapies in advanced PD, (iv) the indications for ablative procedures, and (iv) selecting the most appropriate therapy according to individual patient characteristics.

Conclusion
This review is an adapted excerpt of the chapters on the use of invasive therapies in PD of the novel German guideline on PD. Clear recommendations on the use of treatment options for advanced PD are provided.
GAD antibodies in neurological disease: a critical evaluation of the utility and treatment implications of GAD antibodies in clinical practice
Authors: Brown Rachel L. , Thomas-Black Gilbert , Garcia-Moreno Hector , Chou Michael , Fleszar Zofia , Zandi Michael S. , Chapman Miles , Church Andrew J. , Hart Melanie , Giunti Paola , Vincent Angela , Lunn Michael P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The interpretation of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD-Abs) in neurological practice is challenging. GAD-Abs are not considered directly pathogenic and immunotherapy guidelines are lacking.

Methods
We undertook a single-center retrospective service evaluation of GAD-Abs, documenting clinical features, immunotherapy responses, and outcomes of 335 patients with positive GAD-Abs measured by indirect ELISA between 2012 and 2020. The serum:CSF ratio of GAD-Ab values was used as a surrogate for intrathecal synthesis.

Results
168 (50%) patients had diagnosed neurological disorders (GAD-ND). Ninety-six had neurological disorders often or sometimes associated with GAD-Abs, i.e., stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders (SPS-SD, n = 26), cerebellar ataxia (n = 21), epilepsy (n = 19), encephalitis (n = 18), or any combination of these (“mixed”, n = 12). Seventy-two had other neurological disorders (ONDs) not typically associated with GAD-Abs.
We defined a cut-off of 10,000 IU/mL a priori and a posteriori for GAD-Ab associated NDs, but identified values > 10,000 IU/mL in 21% and 11% of patients with ONDs or diabetes respectively, and < 10,000 IU/mL in 39% patients with classical GAD-Ab syndromes, indicating low assay specificity and sensitivity.
Low serum: CSF GAD-Ab ratios were consistent with intrathecal synthesis in 12/19 tested; 25/54 patients had oligoclonal bands. 30/50 patients given adequate immunotherapies had partial (n = 17) or good (n = 13) responses, particularly those with SPS-SD or limbic encephalitis. Within the limitations of small subgroups and routine laboratory titrations, patients with GAD-Ab values > 10,000 IU/mL, intrathecal synthesis of GAD-Abs, or oligoclonal bands, were not more likely to improve with immunotherapies than those with GAD-Ab values < 10,000 IU/mL and a non-inflammatory CSF. Rather, treatment response correlated with disease group, principally SPS-SD and encephalitis.

Conclusions
These results suggest caution in over-interpreting GAD-Abs values. Better biomarkers for identifying patients with immunotherapy responsive GAD-Ab disease are needed.
Effectiveness of CT perfusion in posterior circulation stroke: evaluation of perfusion abnormalities and associated clinical signs
Authors: Furlanis Giovanni , Ricci Edoardo , Ajčević Miloš , Spigariol Filippo , Vincis Emanuele , Prandin Gabriele , Mancinelli Laura , Palacino Federica , Quagliotto Magda , Caruso Paola , Ukmar Maja , Naccarato Marcello , Manganotti Paolo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Acute posterior circulation stroke (PCS) is characterized by often non-specific clinical signs, with neuroimaging playing a pivotal role in assessment in the emergency setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of CT Perfusion (CTP) maps in detecting acute PCS and to identify clinical factors associated with perfusion abnormalities.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed clinical and radiological data of consecutive patients with acute PCS admitted to our Stroke Unit that underwent CTP. Follow-up NECT or MRI was performed to confirm the diagnosis of PCS. The effectiveness of CTP to identify PCS was evaluated as the ratio of the CTP in which perfusion abnormalities, compatible with an ischemic event, were present in at least one CTP map among MTT, CBF, TTP, and CBV. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify clinical factors associated with perfusion abnormalities.

Results
CTP showed alterations in 69 of 107 PCS (64.5%) included in final analysis and MTT proved to be the most sensitive. Multivariate analysis showed that atrial fibrillation (OR = 8.571, CI 95% 2.224–33.037, p = 0.002), dyslipidemia (OR = 0.285, CI 95% 0.100–0.814, p = 0.019), visual field deficits (OR = 3.372, CI 95% 1.020–11.150, p = 0.046), and higher neurological deficit (NIHSS > 5) (OR = 4.054, CI 95% 1.147–14.331, p = 0.030) were significantly associated with perfusion abnormalities on CTP.

Conclusion
CT perfusion can be a valuable resource for detecting acute PCS showing a moderately high positivity rate, higher than that of NECT alone or CTA. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of perfusion imaging in acute posterior circulation stroke.
Genetic therapies for movement disorders - current status
Authors: Sartorelli J. , Ng J. , Rahim A. A. , Waddington S. N. , Kurian M. A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Movement disorders are a group of heterogeneous neurological conditions associated with alterations of tone, posture and voluntary movement. They may either occur in isolation or as part of a multisystemic condition. More recently, the advent of next generation sequencing technologies has facilitated better understanding of the underlying causative genes and molecular pathways, thereby identifying targets for genetic therapy. In this review, we summarize the advances in genetic therapy approaches for both hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders, including Parkinson’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease and rarer monogenic conditions of childhood onset. While there have been significant advances in the field, multiple challenges remain, related to safety, toxicity, efficacy and brain biodistribution, which will need to be addressed by the next generation of genetic therapies.
Lenvatinib enhances antitumor immunity of anti-PD-1 antibody
Authors: Kato Yu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lenvatinib is an orally available multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that mainly targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. These inhibitory activities of lenvatinib exhibit antitumor efficacy, mainly due to their repressive effects on angiogenesis. In addition, a recent non-clinical evaluation using mouse tumor models revealed that lenvatinib causes immunomodulatory effects, including activation of effector T-cells and regulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Combined treatment with lenvatinib and anti-programmed cell death-1 antibody (anti-PD-1) resulted in enhanced antitumor activity relative to monotreatment with anti-PD-1 or lenvatinib. This review summarizes the antitumor mechanisms of lenvatinib and of lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 combination therapy.
Anatomical zone and tissue type impacts the repeatability of quantitative MRI parameters and radiomic features for longitudinal monitoring of treatment response in the prostate
Authors: Wang Yu-Feng , Tadimalla Sirisha , Holloway Lois , Thiruthaneeswaran Niluja , Haworth Annette 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To (1) establish the repeatability coefficient (%RC) of region of interest (ROI) and voxel-wise measurements of a comprehensive range of quantitative MRI (qMRI) parameters and radiomic features in the prostate, and (2) assess the impact of different tissue types (benign vs tumor) and anatomical zones (peripheral, PZ, and non-peripheral, nPZ) on the %RCs.

Methods
Test–retest qMRI was acquired in ten prostate cancer patients and six healthy volunteers. Parametric maps of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion fraction (f), hypoxia score (HS), longitudinal relaxation time (T1), and observed transverse relaxation rate (R2*) were calculated. Fifty-nine radiomic feature maps were calculated from each of the parametric maps and T2-weighted images. The %RCs between tissue type and anatomical zones were compared using the Student’s t test at 95% significance level.

Results
The %RC of ADC, D and HS, and up to 118 (out of all 413) radiomic features was significantly different between either anatomical zones, or between tumor and benign tissue, or both.

Conclusions
DWI-derived parameters and a portion of their radiomic features require %RCs to be established specifically for anatomical zones, tumor and benign tissues. The remaining qMRI parameters and features can have a single threshold for the whole prostate.
“Getting myself motivated is the challenge”: A qualitative interview study exploring barriers to cancer screening among lonely and isolated people in Denmark
Authors: Tatari Camilla Rahr , Andersen Berit , Kirkegaard Pia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to identify barriers to cancer screening among lonely and isolated people in Denmark and to explore strategies to improve their participation.

Subject and methods
The impact of loneliness and social isolation on higher mortality rates and lower cancer screening participation remains relatively unexplored. With rising loneliness worldwide, including in Denmark, understanding its influence on cancer screening is crucial. This exploratory qualitative study included individual and group interviews with 32 people experiencing loneliness or social isolation. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed using systematic text condensation.

Results
Most participants had undergone cancer screening at least once, but regular participation and awareness were lacking. Participants desired more personalised communication, such as outreach and reminders from general practitioners, to enhance motivation. Pre-booked appointments were favoured. Close relationships played a crucial role in motivating screening participation, with those living alone needing extra support. While self-sampling for cervical and colorectal cancer was seen as convenient, participants preferred human interaction and guidance.

Conclusion
This study reveals a paradox: high interest in cancer screening does not lead to regular participation. Enhancing social networks and providing clear, accessible information can increase participation and better integrate lonely or isolated populations into preventive healthcare.
Dynamic feature of infrapatellar fat pad during walking in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Sugimoto Miharu , Ishii Yosuke , Nakashima Yuko , Kamei Goki , Nekomoto Akinori , Hashizume Takato , Okinaka Riko , Matsumura Kohei , Takahashi Makoto , Adachi Nobuo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) absorbs mechanical stress in the knee joint owing to flexible morphological changes. The IFP is a key factor in knee osteoarthritis (OA); however, its dynamic feature during walking remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether the morphological changes in the IFP during walking involve specific features for patients with knee OA.

Methods
Twelve patients with knee OA, 12 healthy young volunteers, and 12 healthy elderly volunteers were recruited. The IFP was evaluated using ultrasonography, and dynamics were recorded in video mode during walking. The IFP value was identified as the thickness between the patellar tendon and proximal tibial line. The morphological change in the IFP (ΔIFP) was shown as the difference in IFP value between maximum and at initial contact on the waveform. Kinematics and kinetics data were evaluated using a three-dimensional motion analysis system synchronized with ultrasonography, and the knee flexion angle and its moment in the stance phase were evaluated.

Results
In the patients with knee OA, the ΔIFP was lower than that in healthy volunteers, but there was no difference between control groups (knee OA: 1.4 ± 0.3 mm, elderly control: 1.8 ± 0.2 mm, young control: 2.1 ± 0.5 mm, p < 0.05). In all the groups, there was no significant correlation between the IFP values and kinetic parameters, including the range of knee flexion angles and gait speed.

Conclusion
Insufficient morphological changes in the IFP during walking could be a feature of knee OA.
Comparison of Instrumented Mouthguard Post-Processing Methods
Authors: Gellner Ryan , Begonia Mark T. , Wood Matthew , Rockwell Lewis , Geiman Taylor , Jung Caitlyn , Gellner Blake , MacMartin Allison , Manlapit Sophia , Rowson Steve 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Instrumented head acceleration measurement devices are commonly used in research studies to determine head acceleration exposure in certain populations. Instrumented mouthguards pair directly to the user’s teeth and offer six-degree-of-freedom measurements. Though many studies have recently used these devices, post-processing techniques vary by study. Other studies have attempted to label impact quality or coupling status, also with varying methods. This study sought to compare the effect of post-processing and labeling methods on reported exposure distribution characteristics in instrumented mouthguard data from ice hockey players. We collected data from 18 female adolescent ice hockey players on two teams for an entire season. We then post-processed the measured signals using five different techniques: (1) the instrumented mouthguard manufacturer’s data output, (2) a 500 Hz linear acceleration filter and a 300 Hz angular velocity filter, (3) HEADSport, (4) a 100 Hz linear acceleration filter and a 175 Hz angular velocity filter, and (5) a salvaging process to detect and remove decoupling based on signal frequency content. The post-processing techniques affected the reported exposure distributions by changing the mean, median, and 95th percentile values of peak linear and angular kinematics. We also compared labeling techniques by measuring agreement and inter-rater reliability between three labeling techniques: the instrumented mouthguard manufacturer’s label, Luke et al.’s coupling label, and our classification learner that detects and labels decoupling. We found that the labeling techniques had low agreement about which acceleration events were the best to keep. Labeling technique also influenced the reported distributions’ descriptive statistics. Post-processing and event labeling are crucial components of head acceleration event exposure studies. Methods should be described by researchers, and standardization should be sought to allow for better cross-study comparison. Published and publicly available techniques can help move the field toward this ideal. Researchers should be aware of the potential effect post-processing can have on a population’s final reported exposure metrics.
Controls on the respiratory quotient of organic matter decomposition across ecosystems
Authors: Vaziourakis Konstantinos-Marios , Heffernan Liam , Jakobsson Elizabeth , Grasset Charlotte , Kothawala Dolly , Tranvik Lars 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is substantial variation in estimates of the respiratory quotient (RQ), i.e., molar ratio of produced CO2 and consumed O2 during microbial mineralization of organic matter (OM). While several studies have examined RQ's controlling factors in terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems, there are no broader cross-ecosystem comparisons, and there is a lack of general understanding of the extrinsic (environmental) and intrinsic (organic matter composition) controls on RQ. In this study, we examine RQ across a broad range of environments, including soils, aquatic sediments, lake and coastal water. We measured CO2 production and O2 consumption using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS). We also assessed the microbial metabolic profiles using BIOLOG EcoPlates and determined the energy content of the natural OM with bomb calorimetry and its elemental composition. We show that RQ differs significantly between the ecosystem types and strongly deviates from the frequently assumed value of 1. In addition, microbial mineralization across the different studied ecosystems is correlated with the bulk energy content of the OM (kJ g−1 organic carbon). Finally, RQ was correlated to the metabolic profiles of microorganisms, as estimated based on BIOLOG EcoPlates. We argue that an increased use of cross-ecosystem experimental studies will enhance the understanding of the factors controlling carbon cycling.
Recognition and refusal in Italy’s migrant labour struggles: building a better life from the picket line
Authors: Blais-McPherson Morganne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines citizenship practices among migrant workers and their supporters in Prato, Italy, through the lens of the presidio—a physical site constructed and maintained by migrant workers and native activists to sustain daily life at a permanent picket line. Based on sixteen months of ethnographic fieldwork (2021–2023), I analyze how the presidio demanded recognition of strikers’ right to a forty-hour workweek while rejecting the terms of the Italian state. More than a site of resistance, the presidio became a space to experiment with building a cross-national political community outside the dominant frameworks of migrant labour governance. Picketers understood that leaving the presidio due to perceived irreconcilable differences, such as conflicting gender norms, could jeopardize their collective pursuit of a better life. The presidio thus exemplifies what Craig A. Clancy calls a ‘temporal autonomous space’, a space where people could experience temporalities beyond those imposed by capitalism and confront their finitude. By refusing racialized work schedules and inadequate state institutions, the presidio offered a material space from which to reimagine the futures of both migrants and natives, encapsulated by picketers’ slogan per una vita più bella (‘for a better life’). In sum, this paper demonstrates how the presidio could achieve material gains for migrant workers, cultivate alternative ways of thinking about otherness, and enable participants to confront existential questions. In doing so, the presidio challenged the assumption that resistance and prefiguration are mutually exclusive, showing instead how they can coexist and reinforce one another.