bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enablers and Barriers to Handwashing and Vaccine Uptake in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania in Relation to COVID-19 Prevention and Control: A Systematic Review
Authors: Muchangi Josphat Martin , Mturi James , Mukasa Hajra , Kithuki Kioko , Kosgei Sarah Jebet , Kanyangi Lennah Muhoja , Mararo Rogers , Nankaja Mauren 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The Coronavirus disease 2019 has brought about unprecedented challenges globally, threatening to undo the decades of progress on poverty, health systems and education. Several efforts have been put forward to edge the spread of the covid-19 disease including handwashing and mass vaccination. Despite their proven effectiveness, the uptake is low thus threatening to undermine the future successes of vaccination and handwashing campaigns. This review intends to determine the enablers and barriers to handwashing and vaccine uptake in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania in relation to COVID-19 prevention and control.
Methods
This review was carried according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search of studies from three databases: PubMed, Direct science and Google Scholar was conducted. Published studies within the period between December 2019 up to end of January 2023 on enablers and barriers on handwashing and vaccine uptake in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania in relation to COVID-19 prevention and control were assessed and selected.
Results
A total of 391 research were reviewed, and 21 studies eligible for inclusion in the review. Results indicate that in the three countries: Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania; the most cited barriers to handwashing and vaccine uptake include concerns on safety, efficacy, and quality of manufactured vaccines and handwashing practices, lack of awareness, lack of trust to the vaccines and handwashing, myths, misconceptions, and risk-perceptions. Enablers to handwashing and Covid-19 vaccine uptake identified were access to knowledge, access to hand hygiene programmes and water, involvement of community leaders to create awareness and socio-economic factors such as education level and cash incentives.
Conclusion
The study has identified enablers and barriers that can influence the success of these interventions in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania in relation to COVID-19 prevention and control. Stakeholders should formulate strategize to address the identified barriers leveraging on enablers to motivate the individuals to accept vaccination and practice more hand hygiene through creating awareness and sensitization through community leaders, making the vaccines and clean water or soap available and accessible.
Registration
PROSPERO ID CRD42023396303; registered on 2nd February 2023
Improvement of target surface pBRDF model based on scattering and phase function optimization
Authors: Sun hongyu , Yang Di , Fu Qiang , Liu Qing , Zhang Qing , Zhu ZhaoKun , Liu XuanWei , Shi HaoDong , Wang Fang , Li Yingchao , Tan Yu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Focusing on the unneglectable error of testing results for the rough surface material by the Priest-Germer (PG) model, the basic model assumption, modeling process, parameters inversion and fitting results are analyzed, and the cause for the error is found out. Taking the physical fact that evanescent wave existing in the fine structured surface as the basis, and ignoring the penetration depth and phase delay, a new assumed surface configuration which is integrated into micro-hemispheroid is created. Then, a new reflectance function is built, the inner scatter function is refined, and a new polarized bidirectional reflection distribution model(pBRDF) is established. Illuminated by full spectrum light in a laboratory, the spectrum testing data of dual-directional reflectance for surface is acquired, and the performance of the PG model and the new model is compared. The result indicates that the new model error in the radiance and the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) is respectively about 35% and 59% of that of the PG model.
A Novel Multi-head Algorithm to Discover all Tandem Repeats in One Scan of DNA Sequences
Authors: Naghibzadeh Mahmoud , Korminejad Kasra , Krishnan Vandhana , Bahmani Amir 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tandem repeats (TRs) are subsequences of DNA or any genomic sequence composed of many consecutive repeats of a pattern in the same direction. TRs form about three percent of human DNA. Tandem repeats are extremely unstable and highly vulnerable to mutations. Mutated TRs can cause several diseases, such as neurodegeneration and ovarian insufficiency. The tandem repeats are divided into various classes, and consequently, computer specialists have developed many software packages, each of which is usually able to detect a class of consecutive repeats. The boundaries of these classes of tandem repeats are blurred, and it is often necessary to use more than one software tool to detect all TRs of a range of pattern lengths. Besides, if a TR with a specific pattern length is of interest, the complete software has to be run, and the output has to be manually searched. In this research, a single software package is developed to discover TRs of all repeating pattern lengths. Users are allowed to specify the range of pattern lengths of interest as input to the algorithm. The Multi-head Reader Arm (MRA) Algorithm is based on the idea of a multi-head reader arm moving on a given genomic sequence from beginning to end. Each pair of heads is composed of the base head and one of the other heads and it is responsible for finding all TRs of a specific pattern length. The innovative MRA has the ability to discover both exact and inexact TRs of all pattern lengths. Compared to the existing state-of-the-art TR detection software, we have demonstrated that MRA is superior with respect to simplicity, accuracy, computational time, and space requirement.
SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease inhibitors derived from ML300: investigation of P1 and replacements of the 1,2,3-benzotriazole
Authors: Hooper Alice , Macdonald Jonathan D. , Reilly Brenna , Maw Joshua , Wirrick Aidan P , Han Sang Hoon , Lindsey A. Abigail , Rico Emma G , Romigh Todd , Goins Christopher M , Wang Nancy S , Stauffer Shaun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Starting from compound 5 (CCF0058981), a structure-based optimization of the P1 subsite was performed against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (3CLpro). Inhibitor 5 and the compounds disclosed bind to 3CLpro using a non-covalent mode of action that utilize a His163 H-bond interaction in the S1 subpocket. In an effort to examine more structurally diverse P1 groups a number of azoles and heterocycles were designed. Several azole ring systems and replacements, including C-linked azoles, with similar or enhanced potency relative to 5 were discovered (28, 29, and 30) with demonstrated IC50 values less than 100 nM. In addition, pyridyl and isoquinoline P1 groups were successful as P1 replacements leading to 3-methyl pyridyl 36 (IC50 = 85 nM) and isoquinoline 27 (IC50 = 26 nM). High resolution X-ray crystal structures of these inhibitors were utilized to confirm binding orientation and guide optimization. These findings have implications towards antiviral development and preparedness to combat SARS-like zoonotic coronavirus outbreaks.
Consideration of the Influences of the Driving Direction within the Calculation of the Pitting Load Carrying Capacity of Bevel and Hypoid Gears
Authors: Constien Lorenz , Drechsel Alexander , Pellkofer Josef , Reimann Tobias , Stahl Karsten 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pitting is, besides scuffing, tooth flank fracture and the phenomenon micro pitting, one of the primary failure modes of the flank load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears. The international standard ISO 10300-2:2014 is widely used for the estimation of the flank load carrying capacity of bevel and hypoid gears based on operational data and the macro geometry of the gear set. The calculated safety factors against pitting often show similar values for pinion and wheel. Due to similar safety factors against pitting, the gear is expected to fail as often as the pinion. However, investigations in the field do not confirm this. Initial experimental investigations show an influence of the driven and driving part of the gear set. Within this paper the phenomenon regarding the driven and driving part of the gear set will be discussed and the influence parameter will be clarified. Because of the potential for recuperation in electrified agricultural tractors, railroad trains, hybrid and electrical vehicles, this topic is of great importance. In this context an actual calculation approach based on the standard calculation method of the ISO 10300-2:2014 will be presented and verified with test results.
Earthquakes, Solar Activity, and Background Atmosphere: in search of their association
Authors: Devi M. , Das S. , Medhi A. , Patgiri S. , Barbara A. K. , Oyama K. I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The role of solar activity in the growth of an earthquake (EQ) is the topic of study here, focussing on the correlation & distribution function between global EQ events of M ≥ 4.5 and solar parameters covering seven cycles from 18 to 24. The analysis modes are in two steps: (i) EQ events in a total of all cycles taken under study and solar role on their growth; and (ii) EQ events filtered for a High Solar Active (HSA) and a Low Solar Active (LSA) years for each individual cycle & the respective contribution of solar strength to their occurrences. The paper presents the observation by drawing a relation between EQ event ratio during LSA and HSA year, i.e., EQLSA/EQHSA with the corresponding Rz ratio of the years, an approach adopted to reduce any bias/errors that arise on availability of more EQ data as year advances. The analysis offers a negative cum complex distribution with more EQ cases at 60–70% below the peak Rz when strong solar ambiances are observed to inhibit the growth of severe EQ events. The overall correlation analyses between Rz, geomagnetic indices like Kp/DST, and EQ-events of different magnitudes also provided a conclusion that solar ambiances play a complicated role in the growth process of an EQ. These observations are discussed by invoking the Forbush effect along with the possible contribution of atmospheric variabilities like global temperature, lithosphere heat content, and anthropogenic components.
Simple infinite presentations for the mapping class group of a compact non-orientable surface
Authors: Kobayashi Ryoma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Omori and the author [5] have given an infinite presentation for the mapping class group of a compact non-orientable surface. In this paper, we give more simple infinite presentations for this group.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 20F05, 57M07.
The author was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19K14542 and 22K13920
Genetic variation of European mouflon depends on admixture of introduced individuals
Authors: Bužan Elena , Pokorny Boštjan , Urzi Felicita , Duniš Luka , Bončina Aja , Iacolina Laura , Šprem Nikica , Stipoljev Sunčica , Mereu Paolo , Leoni Giovanni , Pirastru Monica , Safner Toni 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In mainland Europe, mouflon were first introduced in the 18th and 19th centuries, mainly in Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. In the early 20th century, mouflon were introduced in Croatia, while all introductions in Slovenia occurred in the 1950s and 1960s. Since the introduction, populations in both countries have remained largely stable, with occasional declines and increases in some areas. Due to several up-following introduction events, also using individuals with unknown origin, the genetic pool of the species might be very admixed; however, no genetic study has been made to date. Therefore, our aim was to: i) determine the origin of introduced mouflon in Slovenia and Croatia, ii) compare the neutral and adaptive genetic make-up of introduced populations. In genetic analyses, which were performed at neutral loci (partial fragment of mitochondrial control region, mtDNA CR) and adaptive major histocompatibility complex (MHC; DRB exon 2) using the next generation sequencing approach, we also included individuals from Germany, France (Corsica), Italy (Sardinia), and the Czech Republic. The haplotype network based on mtDNA CR showed that most analysed mouflon from Slovenia shared the same haplotypes or were closely related to mouflon from Germany and Sardinia, and a few shared the same haplotypes as most mouflon from Croatia. Croatian mouflon from all studied populations shared the same or close haplotypes with individuals from the first Croatian population established in Brijuni Island National Park (northern Adriatic Sea) in the early 20th century. Similar results for populations in both countries were revealed by MHC genes. According to the genetic data, the population origins are generally in agreement with the written historical records, although there are indications of the introduction or release of extra individuals into certain colonies where historical data is lacking. Furthermore, our findings validate that both mitochondrial and MHC genetic diversity are useful tools for investigating the paths of translocation.
The Target Atlas for Antibody-Drug Conjugates across Solid Cancers
Authors: Fang Jiacheng , Guo Lei , Zhang Yanhao , Guo Qing , Wang Ming , Wang XiaoXiao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) is a rapidly developing type of oncology therapeutic, spanning the targeted therapy for hematologic malignancies and solid cancers. A major requirement in ADC research is the identification of ideal surface antigens that can distinguish target cells from most mammalian cell types. Herein, we develop an algorithm and comply a comprehensive cell membrane protein annotation dataset integrated from the large transcriptome, proteome, and genome data from 19 types of solid cancer and normal tissues, to discover potentially therapeutic surface antigens for ADC targeting. The resulting target landscape includes 165 target-indication combinations and 75 cell surface protein candidates, 35 of which with features suitable for ADC targeting are never reported in ADC research and development. In addition, we identify a total of 159 ADCs from 760 clinical trials, 72 ADCs among them targeting 36 unique antigens are currently under interventional evaluation for various types of solid cancers. We analyze their normal tissue expression using the comprehensive annotation dataset and reveal a broad range of profiles for the current ADC targets. In addition, we emphasize that the biological effects of target antigens could improve their clinical actionability and put forward to comprehensively assess the drugability of target antigens from multiple aspects. This is the first attempt at pan-cancer ADC target exploration over the past two decades, and our findings indicate that the target atlas across solid cancers can provide great opportunities to expand the broader prospects of ADC therapies.
Treatment of long COVID complicated by postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Tsuchida Tomoya , Ishibashi Yuki , Inoue Yoko , Ishizuka Kosuke , Katayama Kohta , Hirose Masanori , Nakagama Yu , Kido Yasutoshi , Akashi Yoshihiro , Otsubo Takehito , Matsuda Takahide , Ohira Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose The coronavirus disease sequelae, known as long coronavirus disease may present with various symptoms. Among these symptoms, autonomic dysregulation, especially postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, should be evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the treatment course of long coronavirus disease, with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.Methods The medical records of patients who complained of fatigue and met the criteria for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome diagnosis were reviewed. Change in heart rate fatigue score, and employment/education status at the initial and last visits were evaluated.Results Thirty-two patients with long coronavirus disease complicated by postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome were followed up (16 male and 16 female; median age: 28 years). Three patients had acute-phase pneumonia. The follow-up period was 159 days, and the interval between coronavirus disease onset and initial hospital attendance was 97 days. Some patients responded to beta-blocker therapy. Many patients had psychiatric symptoms that required psychiatric intervention and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prescription. Difference in heart rate and performance status, and employment/education status improved from the first to the last clinic visit. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection could be treated faster than the syndrome occurring in isolation. This was thought to be due to the effects of various treatment interventions and spontaneous improvements after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.Conclusion Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome evaluation must be considered when patients with symptoms of coronavirus disease complain of fatigue.
A dense microearthquake catalog reveals the complex rupture of the extremely shallow M5.1 Sparta, North Carolina Earthquake
Authors: Neves Miguel , Chuang Lindsay , Li Wei , Peng Zhigang , Figueiredo Paula , Ni Sidao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
On August 9, 2020, an Mw5.1 earthquake ruptured the uppermost crust near the town of Sparta, North Carolina. The earthquake generated a ~2 km-long surface rupture, the first co-seismic faulting rupture identified in the Eastern United States. Combining deep learning earthquake phase picking, and matched filter detection, with differential-travel times relocation, we obtain a catalog of 1761 earthquakes with high-resolution locations, about 5.8 times the number of events listed in the standard NEIC catalog. Our results show the Sparta mainshock has a centroid depth of 1.3 km and nucleated near the intersection point of two fault strands, a blind strike-slip fault where the rupture possibly initiated, and a reverse fault associated with the identified surface rupture, possibly part of a flower structure-like diffuse fault zone. We also observe that earthquake stress drops during the Sparta sequence are on the lower end of estimates for similar magnitude Eastern North American earthquakes.
Serum KL-6 levels predict the occurrence and severity of treatment-related interstitial lung disease in lung cancer
Authors: Park Hwa Kyung , Yoon Chang-Seok , Na Young-Ok , Lee Jae-Kyeong , Oh Hyung-Joo , Park Ha-Young , Kho Bo-Gun , Kim Tae-Ok , Shin Hong-Joon , Kwon Yong-Soo , Oh In-Jae , Kim Yu-Il , Lim Sung-Chul , Kim Young-Chul , Park Cheol-Kyu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) as potential biomarker for treatment-related ILD (TR-ILD) in lung cancer. We recruited patients with lung cancer in whom serum KL-6 was measured for differentiating between pneumonia and ILD (category 1), diagnosing and assessing the severity of suspicious TR-ILD (category 2), or evaluating baseline levels before cancer treatment (category 3). Among 1297 patients who underwent KL-6 testing, 422 had lung cancer, and TR-ILD was detected in 194 patients. In lung cancer patients, median KL-6 level was higher in patients with drug-induced ILD than in those without ILD or those with radiation pneumonitis, and it was correlated with the severity of TR-ILD. Elevated serum KL-6 (cutoff: 449.9 U/mL) was an independent risk factor of severe TR-ILD, and elevated serum KL-6 with normal serum procalcitonin was associated with severe TR-ILD rather than non-ILD respiratory disease or non-severe TR-ILD. Patients with high serum KL-6 levels had worse overall survival compared with those with low serum KL-6 levels, regardless of patients’ categories. Therefore, serum KL-6 may be surrogate marker for predicting the occurrence and assessing the severity of TR-ILD at the time of suspicious ILD events and before lung cancer treatment.
LncRNA SNHG15 regulates autophagy and prevents from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through mediating miR-153-3p/ATG5 axis
Authors: Yu Yunhu , Cai Yunpeng , Zhou Hang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) of small nucleolar RNA host gene (SNHG15) has been supposedly performed a regulatory role in many diseases. Nonetheless, the function of SNHG15 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been clarified.
Method:
The OGD/R of Neuro2A cells simulated the ischemic and reperfused states of the brain. Neuro2a cell line with stable transfection of plasmid with silent expression of SNHG15 was constructed. Neuro2a cell lines transfected with miR-153-3p mimic (miR-153-3p-mimics) and miR-153-3p inhibitor (miR-153-3p-inhibition) were constructed. Expression of SNHG15, mi R-200a, FOXO3 and ATG7 in mouse brain tissue and N2a cells were able to be identified by qRT-PCR. Western blot (WB) analysis of mouse brain tissue and Neuro2a cells revealed the presence of the proteins ATG5, Cle-caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, LC3 II/I, and P62 (WB). The representation and distribution of LC3B were observed by immunofluorescence. The death of cells was measured using a technique called flow cytometry (FACS).
Results: SNHG15 was highly expressed in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Down regulation of SNHG15 lead to lower apoptosis rate and decreased autophagy. Dual luciferase assay and co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) found lncRNA SNHG15/miR-153-3p/ATG5. Compared to cells transfected with NC suppression, cells transfected with miR-153-3p-inhibition had substantially greater overexpression of LC 3 II/I, ATG5, cle-Caspase-3, and Bax, as determined by a recovery experiment, the apoptosis rate was elevated, yet both P62 and Bcl-2 were significantly lower and LC3+ puncta per cells were significantly increased. Co-transfection of miR-153-3p-inhibition and sh-SNHG15 could reverse these results.
Conclusion: LncRNA SNHG15 regulated autophagy and prevented from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through mediating miR-153-3p/ATG5 axis.
Granulomatous Myocarditis Arising from Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Therapy Leading to Death Diagnosed by Post-Mortem Examination
Authors: Geetha Saroja Devi , Chavarria Hector Daniel , Abdelwahed Mohammed , Kataria Nidhi , Bijol Vanesa , Das Kasturi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is used as a standard adjuvant therapy for non-muscle invasive urothelial cancer. Most patients tolerate the treatment well, with mild side effects. Systemic complications are extremely rare, occur due to BCG dissemination and are associated with immunocompromised state and urothelial breach.
Case presentation:
We present a case of a 78-year-old male, a former smoker, with history of non-invasive urothelial carcinoma status post partial resection followed by intravesical BCG therapy. An autopsy was performed due to the sudden nature of his death. Autopsy showed multiple necrotizing granulomas in the brain, atrium, ventricles, lungs, kidneys, and urinary bladder. Stains for acid fast bacilli and fungi were negative. In addition, bilateral lungs showed evidence of bronchopneumonia secondary to cytomegalovirus.
Conclusion:
Granulomatous myocarditis arising from BCG therapy is extremely rare. Our patient with urothelial cancer treated with BCG developed multi organ granulomas, most likely due to a hypersensitivity reaction to intravesical BCG. Arrhythmia induced by granulomatous myocarditis was the cause of his death. Though there have been few cases of systemic BCG-osis causing fatal sepsis leading to death, a cardiac cause of death is unique.