bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-energy electron driven reactions in 2-bromo-5-nitrothiazole
Authors: Chen Jiakuan , Chakraborty Dipayan , Ončák Milan , Ptasinska Sylwia , Denifl Stephan 
Published: January 2025

Thiazole derivatives are biologically relevant molecules, used also in pharmaceutical applications. Herein, we report results for electron attachment to 2-bromo-5-nitrothiazole (BNT) in the gas phase. Employing two crossed electron–molecule beam experiments, we determined the efficiency curves of various fragment anions as a function of the initial electron energy between about 0 and 10 eV as well as the emission angle and kinetic energy distributions of Br− and NO2− ions formed from a resonance near 4 eV. The experiments were supported by quantum chemical calculations, exploring possible dissociation pathways along with their reaction energies. We also compared the electron attachment characteristics of BNT with those of the native thiazole molecule by performing electron attachment experiments and calculations for this molecule as well. Compared to thiazole, which is primarily degraded only by electrons with kinetic energies between about 5 and 10 eV, BNT is susceptible to low-energy electrons near 0 eV with enhanced cross section for (dissociative) electron attachment. However, although BNT offers two localization sites with high electron affinity (Br and NO2 moieties), we do not find the corresponding anions as the dominant negatively charged species formed upon electron attachment. Instead, the reaction channels with an abstraction of Br and NO2 as neutral radicals prevail, accompanied by the opening of the thiazole ring due to the relatively weak C–S bond.
Two-color solitons under conditions of mismatches of the phase and group velocities
Authors: Sazonov S V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
New soliton-like solutions of equations describing the pulsed modes of generation of the second harmonics accounting for mismatches of phase and group velocities are obtained. These solutions have the form of both bright and dark solitons. In both cases there are restrictions on the soliton temporal durations. These restrictions are determined by the mismatches of phase and group velocities and look different for the bright and dark solitons.
Pedestrian Collision and Future Work in the Restricted Indoor Space: A State-of-the-art Review on Influencing Factors, Behaviors and Methods
Authors: Tao Zhenxiang , Li Ying , Huang Xubo , Wang Yisen , Yang Rui , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Emergency evacuation involves rapidly transferring of individuals from hazardous areas, where limited time and space can lead to collisions. Although previous researchers have studied the collision behavior of evacuees, there is a lack of systematic summary. This work uses CiteSpace visualization software to analyze the keywords in evacuation collision literature. Based on the frequency of keyword occurrence, we determine the research trend, classify the keywords, and analyze and summarize their influencing factors, behavioral characteristics, and research methods. Obviously, the evacuation environment and emergency guidance directly affect individual behavior and emotions, mainly affecting gait adjustment and decision-making processes, which in turn determine evacuation efficiency and collision risk. In the future, emphasis should be placed on post-collision psychological activities, coping strategies, and the application of virtual and mixed reality technologies to observe the interaction between individuals and the environment and strengthen evacuation research.
New interaction solutions in Mel’nikov equation obtained by modulating the phase shift
Authors: Chen Mi , Wang Zhen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The degradations and nonlinear interactions of a two-breather solution of Mel’nikov equation are analyzed. By modulating the phase shift and limit method, we prove that in different regions near the non-singular boundaries, there are four kinds of solutions with repulsive interaction or attractive interaction in addition to the two-breather solution.they exhibit repulsive interactions They are the interaction solution between soliton and breather, the two-soliton solution and the two-breather solution with small amplitude and they exhibit repulsive interactions respectively. The two-breather solution with small amplitude, it exhibits attractive interaction. Interestingly, a new breather acts as a messenger to transfer energy during the interaction between two breather solutions with small amplitudes.
Enhancing Neural Network Robustness: Laser Fault Injection Resistance in 55 nm SRAM for Space Applications
Authors: Liu Qing , Cheng Haomiao , Yao Xiang , Zhang Zhengxuan , Hu Zhiyuan , Bi Dawei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with satellite technology is ushering in a new era of space exploration, with small satellites playing a pivotal role in advancing this field. However, the deployment of machine learning (ML) models in space faces distinct challenges, such as Single Event Upsets (SEUs), which are triggered by space radiation and can corrupt the outputs of neural networks. To defend against this threat, we investigate laser-based fault injection techniques on 55nm SRAM cells, aiming to explore the impact of SEUs on neural network performance. In this paper, we propose a novel solution in the form of Bin-DNCNN, a binary neural network (BNN)-based model that significantly enhances robustness to radiation-induced faults. We conduct experiments to evaluate the denoising effectiveness of different neural network architectures, comparing their resilience to weight errors before and after fault injections. Our experimental results demonstrate that binary neural networks (BNNs) exhibit superior robustness to weight errors compared to traditional deep neural networks (DNNs), making them a promising candidate for spaceborne AI applications.
Measurements of decay branching fractions of the Higgs boson to hadronic final states at the CEPC
Authors: Ma Xiaotian , Wu Zuofei , Wu Jinfei , Huang Yanping , Li Gang 李刚 , RUAN Manqi , Lucio Alves Fabio , Jin Shan 金山 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large-scale particle accelerator designed to collide electrons and positrons at high energies. One of the primary goals of the CEPC is to achieve high-precision measurements of the properties of the Higgs boson, facilitated by the large number of Higgs bosons that can be produced with significantly low contamination. The measurements of Higgs boson branching fractions into bb/cc/gg and tautau/WW*/ZZ*, where the W or Z bosons decay hadronically, are presented in the context of the CEPC experiment, assuming a scenario with 5600 fb-1 of collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. In this study the Higgs bosons are produced in association with a Z boson, with the Z boson decaying into a pair of muons (μ+μ-), which have high efficiency and high resolution. In order to separate all decay channels simultaneously with high accuracy, the Particle Flow Network (PFN), a graph-based machine learning model, is considered. The precise classification provided by the PFN is employed in measuring the branching fractions using the migration matrix method, which accurately corrects for detector effects in each decay channel. The statistical uncertainty of the measured branching ratio is estimated to be 0.55% in H → bb final state, and approximately 1.5%-16% in H → cc/gg/tautau/WW*/ZZ* final states. In addition, the main sources of systematic uncertainties to the measurement of the branching fractions are discussed. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
FLAXE, a SoC readout ASIC for electromagnetic calorimeter at LUXE experiment
Authors: Moroń Jakub , Firlej Mirosław , Fiutowski Tomasz , Idzik Marek , Świentek Krzysztof 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The design and qualification results of a System on Chip (SoC) Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), called FLAXE, fabricated in 130 nm CMOS technology are presented. FLAXE is a readout ASIC designed for ECAL-p, a compact electromagnetic calorimeter being a part of a detector system for Laser Und XFEL Experiment (LUXE) proposed at DESY, Hamburg, as an extension to the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility. ECAL-p is a sampling calorimeter with a very compact design targeting small Molière radius, comprising 16 (up to 20) layers composed of 3.5 mm (1 X0) thick tungsten absorber plates interspersed with silicon sensors. Sensor signal is read and shaped by the analogue readout channel, comprising a Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) and a fully differential CR-RC shaper with 50 ns peaking time, which output is digitized in each channel by a 10-bit Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). Data from ADC are collected into the ASIC internal memory and read out by the Data Acquisition (DAQ) system between Bunch Crossings (BXs). Around 1000 ASICs have been fabricated and a first batch of 142 ASICs has been packaged and tested. The results of the qualification procedure, as well as measurement result of a single ASIC are presented and discussed.
Machine learning models for single-particle classification with Timepix 3 detector
Authors: Sykorova K. , Buk Z. , Cepek M. , Granja C. , Oancea C. , Marek L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Semiconductor hybrid pixel detectors with Timepix 3 chips developed by Medipix collaboration at CERN can simultaneously measure deposited energy and time of arrival of individual particle hits in all 256 × 256 pixels with 55 μm pitch size. Leveraging the single-particle detection sensitivity of these chips, there is a potential to develop algorithms for classifying detected single particles into distinct categories corresponding to different particle types. In this study, various machine learning models are introduced, such as recurrent and feedforward neural networks or gradient boosted decision trees, designed to facilitate the classification of single particle events into distinct classes associated to electrons & photons, alpha particles, heavy nuclei (except alpha particles), low energy protons (E ≲ 100 MeV) and high energy protons (E ≳ 100 MeV). All models achieve outcomes with the true positive rate nearing 100% across all classes. The Gaussian Mixture unsupervised machine learning technique is used to differentiate between electron and photon radiation components. The model effectively distinguished between high-energy electrons and low-energy photons, achieving performance comparable to conventionally used heuristic decision trees. All models are trained and tested on an extensive database of experimental data obtained from controlled radiation source experiments.
Preliminary evaluation of alloying significance of neutron target for high brilliance neutron source
Authors: Zhang T.H. , Guo Z.P. , Ge Y.L. , Zhou B.W. , Ma W. , Zou L.P. , Lu L. , Yang Z. , Long J.D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accelerator-based neutron sources are critical infrastructures in today's scientific research and industrial fields, with the neutron source target being the key component determining the performance of the neutron source. Traditional accelerator neutron source targets typically use homogeneous elemental materials with high neutron yield as the target material. These materials face challenges in terms of operational lifespan under high-temperature and high-radiation environments. The design of next-generation high brilliance neutron sources demands target materials with better thermal conductivity, longer irradiation lifespan, and superior corrosion resistance. Tungsten has its high neutron yield, and tungsten alloys exhibit these advantageous properties. This paper employs the Monte Carlo method to calculate neutron yield, radioactivity and radiation damage of two common tungsten alloys, W-TiC and W-ZrC. The results indicate that, with minor doping to improve mechanical properties and manufacturability, the performance of tungsten alloys can also meet the requirements for high-brilliance neutron targets, provide reference for the development of the next generation neutron target.
Radon emanation rate measurements using liquid scintillation counting
Authors: Sazzad A.B.M.R. , Acharya P. , Back P. , Busenitz J. , Chernyak D. , Meng Y. , Piepke A. , Rhyne C.A. , Tsang R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article describes a radon emanation measurement
technique using liquid scintillator counting. A model for radon
loading and transport is described, along with its
calibration. Detector background and blank have been studied and
quantified. The Minimal detectable activity has been determined for
the counting setup using a toy Monte Carlo simulation. The
measurement technique is validated using a butyl rubber sample
previously used for cross-calibration between different radon
counting facilities.
NIOS II soft-core processor and ethernet controller solution for RPC-DAQ in INO ICAL
Authors: Elangovan Yuvaraj , Saraf Mandar , Satyanarayana B. , Upadhya S.S. , Panyam Nagaraj , Shinde Ravindra , Majumder Gobinda , Sil D. , Pathaleswar  , Thoi Thoi S. , Ravindran K.C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces a high-performance Soft-Core Processor
based data acquisition system designed for handling Resistive Plate
Chambers (RPCs). The DAQ consist of FPGA-based hardware equipped
with Soft-Core Processor and embedded hardwired Ethernet controllers
named RPC-DAQ, offering a versatile and fast network-enabled data
acquisition solution. A soft processor, NIOS, is instantiated within
an Intel Cyclone IV FPGA, overseeing control, communication, and
data transfer with remote processing units. These integrated RPC-DAQ
units, in substantial numbers, connect to a limited set of high-end
processing units via LAN switches. This paper provides a detailed
account of the software implementation scheme for the NIOS processor
in the RPC-DAQ system. A remarkable 28,800 RPC-DAQ units will be
deployed in proximity to the RPCs, serving the proposed INO-ICAL
experiment in Theni-Madurai, Tamil Nadu. The network-enabled RPC-DAQ
units controlled by the soft processor offloads FPGA tasks including
event data acquisition, periodic health monitoring of RPCs, command
interfaces, high voltage control, and data transfer to back-end data
concentrators. Communication and data transfer are executed
efficiently via TCP and UDP protocols over a 100 Mbps Ethernet
interface. This system provides innovative solutions to improve data
acquisition and control in large-scale scientific experiments.
A setup for measuring the scintillation parameters of liquid organic scintillators
Authors: Sidorenkov A. , Budzinskaya A. , Fazliakhmetov A. , Lukanov A. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Lubsandorzhiev S. , Nanzanov D. , Ushakov N. , Voronin D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Setups have been developed and constructed to study the main
scintillation properties, such as light yield and emission kinetics,
of liquid organic scintillators used in neutrino physics and
astroparticle physics experiments. The measurement results of the
main characteristics of these setups are presented in this work.
7th and Florida
Authors: Martin Allie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents a soundscape analysis of 7th Street and Florida Avenue Northwest, the intersection in Shaw where the author initially set out to conduct fieldwork. This intersection is famous in Washington, DC because of Central Communications, a MetroPCS cell phone store that plays go-go music into the street during business hours. The music has caused tension in the intersection as well as welcomed a great deal of resistance and city-wide conversations about gentrification and Black cultural preservation. This chapter outlines the author’s methodology of passive acoustic recording and analysis. For nine months in 2018, the author had two recorders installed on rooftops at the intersection that recorded one minute out of every five, all day every day, resulting in 288 recordings per recorder for each day. From this data, she tracked patterns among key instances of tension within the soundscape, such as sirens, go-go music, and traffic.
Software solution for integration of frozen section quality assurance into daily practice
Authors: Gibson Joanna A , Mutnick Neil , Gershkovich Peter , Sinard John 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Diagnoses rendered using the frozen section (FS) technique during surgical procedures are used to guide intraoperative decisions. Therefore, diagnostic FS errors have the potential to affect patient safety and quality of care. Diagnostic FS errors arise due to both technical and interpretative factors and present a challenge to surgical pathology laboratories to recognize, document, and manage in a timely fashion. Thus, there is a need to monitor discrepancies between FS and permanent diagnoses and effectively communicate with the clinical teams when an error is discovered to ensure an opportunity for timely interventions, if clinically indicated.

Methods
Our FS practice is complex, with many contributing variables, such as a partially generalized FS pathology practice model among pathology faculty and/or surgeons with specific subspecialty expertise and different physical locations of FS facilities. We implemented a comprehensive frozen section quality assurance (FSQA) program using custom software solutions aimed at improving patient safety by monitoring recognition, increasing documentation, and facilitating communication in cases where there is a discordance between intraoperative and permanent diagnoses.

Results
Our FSQA program allows for categorizing frozen section discrepancies according to the source of error, such as interpretive vs technical errors, to understand how errors arise and to develop appropriate mitigation strategies for reducing errors.

Conclusions
Overall, our intervention to improve FSQA has engaged pathology faculty in a uniform and systematic manner, and our data show that our new FSQA program led to a markedly shortened time interval of FSQA, allowing for timely management and resolution of errors.
Surgical skills education and training in fetoscopy and fetal surgery
Authors: Sánchez Margallo F M , Pires Louça L C , Abellán Rubio E , Vuletín F , Galindo A , Arévalo S , Peiró J L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Surgical education must constantly evolve to align with the most current methods of surgical practice. This paper presents our experience organizing ten international editions of a training course in fetoscopic surgery. We have developed various inanimate training models and a sheep-animal model for fetal surgery training and research, which are both practical and reproducible.

Methods
Various practices and surgical sessions are developed during training: Knowledge of sheep anatomy and physiology as a model of pregnancy, introduction to basic fetoscopy equipment, exploration of the uterine cavity, use of the Nd-YAG laser for photocoagulation of placental vessels, resolution of fetal and amniotic constriction bands, and endoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion (for the treatment of severe CDH).

Results
Fetoscopic surgery is technically challenging, and learning new skills in a clinical setting can be risky. Successful performance requires acquiring a new set of technical skills and familiarity with specific surgical procedures. Understanding how to use the fetoscope, learning intrauterine vessel orientation, and becoming familiar with laser coagulation before operating on patients can reduce surgical complications. This training can shorten the learning curve for new surgeons and reinforce practice among experts as fundamental skills are developed using realistic tissue models and surgical simulators.

Conclusion
The sequential skill acquisition programme using a simulator and animal model is transferable to human patients and shortens the learning curve for new specialists, although expert consultation is recommended in the initial phase to minimize potential complications.
Laparoscopic ureteral obstruction modelling for training purposes
Authors: Salas Guerra J , Sánchez Rumbo C , González Portillo M R , Durán Rey D , Sánchez Margallo F M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Pyeloplasty is a surgical technique used to treat hydronephrosis, which is caused by ureteral stenosis or obstruction. It is essential for healthcare professionals to undergo training courses to acquire and strengthen their skills in laparoscopic surgery, thus providing patients with the benefits of minimally invasive procedures. The aim of this study is to create experimental models of ureteral obstruction and subsequently use them to train healthcare professionals in the surgical technique of pyeloplasty.

Methods
Sixteen Large White swine, each weighing 35±5 kg, were used as experimental models. Surgery was performed with the animals positioned in right lateral decubitus via a laparoscopic approach. Once the ureter was located, it was dissected proximally to the kidney, and obstruction was created using a 2/0 non-absorbable silk ligature.

Results
Ten days after surgery, all models had survived, and 14 of the 16 models exhibited hydronephrosis and renal pelvis dilatation prior to obstruction by silk ligation.

Conclusion
Ureteral stricture generated by silk ligation is an effective method for creating experimental models of ureteral obstruction. Surgical training with these models enables healthcare professionals to develop the skills necessary to master minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as pyeloplasty.
Therapeutic potential of s-cdcs in myocardial infarction: interactions with standard drugs
Authors: Pulido Fresneda M , de Pedro M Á , Álvarez V , Marchena A M , Sánchez-Margallo F M , López E , Crisóstomo Ayala V , Báez Díaz C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading global cause of mortality and is commonly treated with Captopril, Spironolactone, and Bisoprolol. Emerging therapies, such as the secretome derived from cardiosphere-derived cells (S-CDCs), have shown potential in reducing MI scar size. This study aims to evaluate the potential therapeutic implications of S-CDCs in MI treatment, particularly in relation to the aforementioned standard drugs.

Methods
CDCs (n = 4) were isolated from cardiac explants of Large White pigs and cultured in DMEM with 1% ITS and antibiotics for four days. The conditioned medium was centrifuged and ultrafiltered (3 kDa) to obtain the S-CDCs. The content of S-CDCs, including miRNAs and genes, was analysed using transcriptomic and qPCR techniques. Bioinformatics tools were used to establish the interaction network (IN) of Captopril, Bisoprolol, and Spironolactone with their target genes through the String app within Cytoscape. miRTargetLink 2.0 was used to predict miRNA-gene interactions, and FunRich analysed the gene network. Finally, the content of S-CDCs was compared with previously identified miRNAs and genes, and an interaction network was generated using Cytoscape.

Results
Our findings show that S-CDCs contain six miRNAs that interact with target genes of Captopril and Spironolactone. Additionally, S-CDCs harbor genes that interact with those affected by the drugs, with a predominant influence from Spironolactone.

Conclusion
S-CDCs may mimic the effects of Captopril and Spironolactone, potentially simplifying MI treatment. However, further studies are necessary to validate these findings.