bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of surf lifesaver pressure point control and a commercial arterial tourniquet for major lower limb haemorrhage: A randomised controlled crossover pilot trial
Authors: Furness James , Abery Philip , Kemp‐Smith Kevin , Bruce Kimberly , Lamond David , Taylor Nicholas , Jones Philip , Snelling Peter J 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot study compared non‐medically trained surf lifesavers' (SLS) ability, after infographic training, to occlude the femoral artery using a pressure point (PP) versus an arterial tourniquet (AT).MethodsUsing a crossover design, eight SLS applied PP and AT to a participant's leg to occlude the femoral artery. Arterial flow, application time and perceived difficulty were recorded.ResultsPP achieved 89.7% and 50.8% blood flow reduction for PP and AT, respectively. Average application time was 50.63 and 113.5 s for PP and AT, respectively. Perceived difficulty using a Likert scale from 0 to 10 (0 being no difficulty and 10 being maximal difficulty) was 2.75 and 3.50 for PP and AT, respectively.ConclusionInfographic‐trained SLS showed superior blood flow occlusion using PP. This pilot study will inform a larger trial for untrained beachgoers.
Helcionelloids from the Cambrian Fortunian of the Northern Yangtze Platform, China
Authors: ZHANG Mengshao , PANG Yanchun , YANG Ben , HE Yangjian , LIANG Siyu , HU Qiang , LIN Li 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA study of the morphological and microstructural characteristics of helcionelloids from the Nanjiang area (north Sichuan, China) at the northern Yangtze Platform was undertaken, in order to understand their phylogenetic position. Helcionelloids fossils from the Kuanchuanpu Formation of the Changtanhe–Maolinzi section include 7 genera and 11 species. There are distinct differences in the degree of shell bending, the apical morphology and apex position, the outline of the aperture and the height of the shell, all of which constitute important identification features. Although helcionelloid apices exhibit varying degrees of rotation towards the aperture, they do not show any signs of evident distortion. A pair of basally‐symmetrical muscle scars are discovered on the shells of helcionelloids (such as Bemella simplex), showing a distinct difference when compared with those of the stem‐group gastropod (e.g., Pelagiella). The prismatic shell layer of helcionelloids has been observed, which are common components in Cambrian molluscs, but differ significantly from the dense layer microstructure found in contemporary molluscs. The microstructures, muscle scars and morphological characteristics demonstrate that helcionelloids represent a stem‐group of molluscs.
Metallogenic Age and Ore‐forming Material Sources of the Dahongshan Fe‐Cu Deposit, Yunnan Province: Insights from Molybdenite Re‐Os Dating and H‐O‐S‐Pb Isotopes
Authors: YE Zifeng , YANG Guangshu , YU Wenxiu , CHEN Aibing , JIA Fuju 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Dahongshan Fe‐Cu (‐Au) deposit is a superlarge deposit in the Kangdian metallogenic belt, southwestern China, comprising approximately 458 Mt of Fe ores (40% Fe) and 1.35 Mt Cu. Two main types of Fe‐Cu (‐Au) mineralization are present in the Dahongshan deposit: (1) early submarine volcanic exhalation and sedimentary mineralization characterized by strata‐bound fine‐grained magnetite and banded Fe‐Cu sulfide (pyrite and chalcopyrite) hosted in the Na‐rich metavolcanic rocks; (2) late hydrothermal (‐vein) type mineralization characterized by Fe‐Cu sulfide veins in the hosted strata or massive coarse‐grained magnetite orebodies controlled by faults. While previous studies have focused primarily on the early submarine volcanic and sedimentary mineralization of the deposit, data related to late hydrothermal mineralization is lacking. In order to establish the metallogenic age and ore‐forming material source of the late hydrothermal (‐vein) type mineralization, this paper reports the Re‐Os dating of molybdenite from the late hydrothermal vein Fe‐Cu orebody and H, O, S, and Pb isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal quartz‐sulfide veins. The primary aim of this study was to establish the metallogenic age and ore‐forming material source of the hydrothermal type orebody. Results show that the molybdenite separated from quartz‐sulfide veins has a Re‐Os isochron age of 831 ± 11 Ma, indicating that the Dahongshan Fe‐Cu deposit experienced hydrothermal superimposed mineralization in Neoproterozoic. The molybdenite has a Re concentration of 99.7–382.4 ppm, indicating that the Re of the hydrothermal vein ores were primarily derived from the mantle. The δ34S values of sulfides from the hydrothermal ores are 2‰–8‰ showing multi‐peak tower distribution, suggesting that S in the ore‐forming period was primarily derived from magma and partially from calcareous sedimentary rock. Furthermore, the abundance of radioactive Pb increased significantly from ore‐bearing strata to layered and hydrothermal vein ores, which may be related to the later hydrothermal transformation. The composition of H and O isotopes within the hydrothermal quartz indicates that the ore‐forming fluid is a mixture of magmatic water and a small quantity of water. These results further indicate that the late hydrothermal orebodies were formed by the Neoproterozoic magmatic hydrothermal event, which might be related to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. Mantle derived magmatic hydrothermal fluid extracted ore‐forming materials from the metavolcanic rocks of Dahongshan Group and formed the hydrothermal (‐vein) type Fe‐Cu orebodies by filling and metasomatism.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of Ore‐related Granitoids in the Giant Gariatong Rb Deposit, Tibet and Implications for Rb Metallogeny in China
Authors: LIN Bin , TANG Juxing , TANG Pan , SUN Yan , QI Jing , SANTOSH M. , XIE Jinling , DENG Shilin , LI Faqiao , XIE Fuwei , ZHOU Aorigele 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRubidium (Rb) deposits mostly occur in the South China and Central Asia orogenic belts and are often closely associated with highly differentiated granites. This study investigates a newly‐discovered giant Rb deposit at Gariatong in the Central Lhasa terrane in Tibet. Detailed field studies and logging data revealed that the Rb mineralization mainly occurs in monzogranite and is related to greisenization. LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb dating of zircon yielded ages of 19.1 ± 0.2 Ma and 19.0 ± 0.2 Ma for greisenized monzogranite and fresh monzogranite, respectively. The monzogranites are characterized as strongly peraluminous, with high contents of SiO2, Al2O3, K2O and Na2O as well as a high differentiation index. They are enriched in light rare earth and large ion lithophile elements with significant negative Eu anomalies and depleted high field‐strength elements. Petrological and geochemical features of these ore‐related monzogranites suggest that they are highly fractionated S‐type granites, derived from remelting of crustal materials in a post‐collisional setting. The geochemistry of zircon and apatite points to a low oxygen fugacity of the ore‐related monzogranite during the magma's evolution. The discovery of the Gariatong Rb deposit suggests that the Central Lhasa terrane may be an important region for rare metal mineralization.
Alcohol cues increase behavioral economic demand and craving for alcohol in nontreatment‐seeking and treatment‐seeking heavy drinkers
Authors: Marsden Emma , Murphy James G. , MacKillop James , Amlung Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral economic research has revealed significant increases in alcohol demand following exposure to alcohol‐related cues. Prior research has focused exclusively on nontreatment‐seeking heavy drinkers, included only male participants, or used heterogeneous methods. The current studies sought to replicate and extend existing findings in treatment‐seeking and nontreatment‐seeking heavy drinkers while also examining sex effects and moderation by alcohol use disorder (AUD) severity.MethodsStudy 1 included 117 nontreatment‐seeking heavy drinkers (51.5% women; M age 34.69; 56.4% AUD+), and Study 2 included 89 treatment‐seeking heavy drinkers with AUD (40.4% women; M age = 41.35). In both studies, alcohol demand was measured using a hypothetical alcohol purchase task (APT), and subjective alcohol craving was measured using visual analog scales. Measures were collected following exposure to neutral (water) cues in a standard room and alcohol cues in a bar lab.ResultsAlcohol demand (intensity, Omax, breakpoint, and elasticity) and craving were significantly increased following alcohol cues compared to neutral cues (ps < 0.005) with effect sizes ranging from small to large (ηp2 = 0.074–0.480). Participants with AUD (Study 1) or with higher AUD severity (Study 2) reported higher craving and higher demand for most indices (i.e., main effects; ps < 0.032, ηp2 = 0.043–0.239). A larger alcohol cue increase in Omax was found for AUD+ participants in Study 1 compared to non‐AUD participants (p = 0.028, ηp2 = 0.041) but not for any other indices in Study 1 or Study 2. There were no significant sex effects.ConclusionsThese findings replicate and extend prior research by offering additional insight into alcohol cue effects on the reinforcing value of alcohol and subjective motivation to drink. The results also suggest that sex and AUD severity do not meaningfully impact cue effects across most indices of demand.
Liquidity ratios and corporate failures
Authors: Li Ken 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne of the most widespread claims in financial statement analysis is that liquidity ratios are useful for predicting failures. However, academic research has found surprisingly little empirical support for this claim. Using logistic regression splines, a non‐parametric method, this paper finds that the relation between the current ratio and failures differs significantly depending on the level of the current ratio. At low, but not high levels, the current ratio is significantly negatively related to failure. Incorporating such context provides statistically and economically significant predictive power about failures. These findings help resolve the discrepancy between practitioners and the academic literature.
Expanding student access to field experiences: Virtual ethnographic field schools
Authors: Lyons Barry J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNew and newly widespread communications technologies make it possible for students to enjoy many of the benefits of an ethnographic field school with less commitment of money and time, thereby expanding access to a valuable cross‐cultural research experience. This article reflects on the challenges, successes, limitations, and lessons learned from Wayne State University's Virtual Ethnographic Field School in Highland Ecuador, considers an alternative model, and sketches various field school pedagogical and design options.
Transperineal template saturation and conventional biopsy for stage prediction in prostate cancer
Authors: Lehner Fabienne , Crippa Alessio , Sigg Silvan , Eberli Daniel , Mortezavi Ashkan 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of risk calculators (RCs) predicting lymph node invasion (LNI) and extraprostatic extension (EPE) in men undergoing transperineal magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)‐fusion template saturation biopsy (TTSB) and conventional systematic TRUS‐guided biopsy (SB).Patients and MethodsThe RCs were tested in a consecutive cohort of 645 men undergoing radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic LN dissection between 2005 and 2019. TTSB was performed in 230 (35.7%) and SB in 415 (64.3%) men. Risk of LNI and EPE was calculated using the available RCs. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness stratified by different biopsy techniques were assessed.ResultsLymph node invasion was observed in 23 (10%) and EPE in 73 (31.8%) of cases with TTSB and 53 (12.8%) and 158 (38%) with SB, respectively. RCs showed an excellent discrimination and acceptable calibration for prediction of LNI based on TTSB (area under the curve [AUC]/risk estimation: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC]‐RC 0.79/−4%, Briganti (2012)‐RC 0.82/−4%, Gandaglia‐RC 0.81/+6%). These were comparable in SB (MSKCC‐RC 0.78/+2%; Briganti (2012)‐RC 0.77/−3%). Decision curve analysis (DCA) revealed a net benefit at threshold probabilities between 3% and 6% when TTSB was used. For prediction of EPE based on TTSB an inferior discrimination and variable calibration were observed (AUC/risk estimation: MSKCC‐RC 0.71/+8% and Martini (2018)‐RC 0.69/+2%) achieving a net benefit on DCA only at risk thresholds of >17%. Performance of RCs for prediction of LNI and EPE based on SB showed comparable results with a better performance in the DCA for LNI (risk thresholds 1–2%) and poorer performance for EPE (risk threshold >20%). This study is limited by its retrospective single‐institution design.ConclusionsThe potentially more accurate grading ability of TTSB did not result in improved performance of preoperative RCs. Prediction tools for LNI proved clinical usefulness while RCs for EPE did not.
Adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for vascular damage in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bettinetti‐Luque Miriam , Trujillo‐Estrada Laura , Garcia‐Fuentes Eduardo , Andreo‐Lopez Juana , Sanchez‐Varo Raquel , Garrido‐Sánchez Lourdes , Gómez‐Mediavilla Ángela , López Manuela G. , Garcia‐Caballero Melissa , Gutierrez Antonia , Baglietto‐Vargas David 
Published: September 2023

Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues. With this regard, emerging evidence indicates that an important crosstalk exists between the adipose tissue and the brain. However, the contribution of adipose tissue to the development of age‐related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, remains poorly defined. New studies suggest that the adipose tissue modulates brain function through a range of endogenous biologically active factors known as adipokines, which can cross the blood–brain barrier to reach the target areas in the brain or to regulate the function of the blood–brain barrier. In this review, we discuss the effects of several adipokines on the physiology of the blood–brain barrier, their contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease and their therapeutic potential.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc
Hsp70‐Bim incoherent feedforward loop contributes to cell‐fate heterogeneity and fractional killing
Authors: Yin Fangkui , Song Ting , Wang Ziqian , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Hong , Tang Yao , Zhang Zhichao 
Published: September 2023

Background and PurposeAlthough chemotherapeutics or molecular targeted drugs often elicit profound initial responses, fractional killing capable of driving acquired resistance can persist. Identifying stress‐induced negative feedback or an incoherent feedforward loop (IFFL), which may contribute to fractional killing, is urgently needed.Experimental ApproachMathematical modelling was used to identify how and to what extent a recently reported Hsp70‐Bim protein–protein interaction (PPI) contributes to the adaptation of the Bcl‐2 network. Experimental validation was made by using a specific inhibitor of Hsp70‐Bim PPI, S1g‐2, as chemical tool. Bifurcation analysis and stochastic simulation were used for the theoretical study of the impact of Hsp70‐Bim PPI on cell‐fate heterogeneity and factional killing.Key ResultsThe Hsp70‐Bim‐AKT circuit forms an IFFL that greatly contributes to the adaptation of the Bcl‐2‐regulated apoptosis network, thus leading to fractional killing. This adaptive programme enhances noise‐induced cell‐fate heterogeneity by shifting from a saddle‐node to a saddle‐collision transition scenario.Conclusion and ImplicationsHsp70‐Bim IFFL serves as a molecular pathway induced by DNA damaging drugs or tyrosine kinase inhibitors that enabled fractional killing, whereby acquired resistance emerges. A synergistic strategy is unveiled for overcoming fractional killing by suppressing Hsp70‐Bim PPI.
Cyclodextrin based nanoparticles for smart drug delivery in colorectal cancer
Authors: Marabada Davies , Li Jinlei , Wei Shijie , Huang Qing , Wang Zhizhong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe advancement of colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention, detection, and treatment is essential to ensure that survivors live longer and higher‐quality lives. The field of cancer detection and therapy has undergone a revolution with the development of nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery. The significant problems with the delivery of cancer drugs are their solubility, stability, and nonspecific distribution. There is a challenge that the acidic and enzymatic environment in the digestive tract will modify or destroy the medication or the active pharmaceutical ingredient. To overcome the problems, nanoparticles have been widely employed during the past several years to increase the specificity, selectivity, and controlled release of drug delivery systems. The site‐specific and targeted delivery leads to reduce toxicity and side effects. With respect to the capability and utilization of cyclodextrin‐based nanoparticles in different aspects of the tumour microenvironment and gut microbiota, a survey of current research papers was conducted via looking through databases including GoogleScholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. This review aims to summarize cutting‐edge nanoparticulate‐based technologies and therapies for CRC.
Recent progress in the development of ursolic acid derivatives as anti‐diabetes and anti‐cardiovascular agents
Authors: Dai Yili , Sun Linjun , Tan Yan , Xu Wenyu , Liu Shu , Zhou Jing , Hu Yalin , Lin Jieying , Yao Xu , Mi Pengbing , Zheng Xing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUrsolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid, which exhibits many biological activities, particularly in anti‐cardiovascular and anti‐diabetes. The further application of UA is greatly limited due to its low bioavailability and poor water solubility. Up to date, various UA derivatives have been designed to overcome these shortcomings. In this paper, the authors reviewed the development of UA derivatives as the anti‐diabetes anti‐cardiovascular reagents.
Investigation of pre‐operative demographic, biochemical, sonographic and cytopathological findings in low‐risk thyroid neoplasms
Authors: Deniz Muzaffer Serdar , Özdemir Didem , İmga Narin Nasıroğlu , Başer Hüsniye , Çuhacı Seyrek Fatma Neslihan , Altınboğa Ayşegül Aksoy , Topaloğlu Oya , Ersoy Reyhan , Çakır Bekir 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present article analyses pre‐operative demographic, biochemical, sonographic and histopathological characteristics of low‐risk thyroid neoplasms (LRTNs), with a focus on four subgroups, “well‐differentiated carcinoma‐not otherwise specified” (WDC‐NOS), “non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features” (NIFTP), “well‐differentiated tumours of uncertain malignant potential” (WDT‐UMP) and “follicular tumour of uncertain malignant potential” (FT‐UMP).MethodsThe study retrospectively analyzed the histopathology of 2453 malignant thyroids and the final analyses included 99 cases diagnosed with LRTNs. The demographic and clinical features, pre‐operative thyroid function, ultrasonography results, cytopathology results, histopathology results and prognostic classifications were assessed.ResultsThe groups were similar demographic characteristics and the majority of clinical data, including comorbidities, thyroid function tests, thyroid cancer/neck radiotherapy history. NIFTPs represented 69.7% of all LRTNs. All (100%) WDT‐UMPs had solitary nodules. Index nodule volume differed among the groups (p = .036), it was the lowest in WDC‐NOS [0.68 (0.63–0.72 cc)] and highest in FT‐UMP [12.6 (0.5–64 cc)]. Echogenicity findings were similar. Index nodule TIRADS demonstrated a significant difference (p = .021) but index nodule halo sign and BETHESDA scores were similar in all groups. The diameter, localisation and multicentric structure of LRTNs were again similar for all groups. Finally, prognostic scores suggested similar outcomes in all groups.ConclusionThe majority of LRTNs were NIFTPs in our population and all WDT‐UMPs were solitary lesions. Index nodule volume was the most essential discriminating sonographic finding but further research must be performed before discriminatory potential can be described.
Anti‐Mullerian hormone and spontaneous puberty in a diverse US Turner syndrome clinic cohort: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bustamante Victoria H. , Galetaki Despoina M. , Dowlut‐McElroy Tazim , Kanakatti Shankar Roopa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveSerum Anti‐Mullerian Hormone (AMH) concentrations have been proposed as a marker of spontaneous puberty and future fertility in Turner syndrome (TS). Gonadotropins during minipuberty may also provide a clue to ovarian function but there is insufficient data to inform utility in the routine clinical management of TS. Our objective was to describe the distribution of AMH in a cross‐sectional cohort of patients in a TS specialty clinic, and correlate with spontaneous puberty and karyotype, as well as gonadotropins during the minipuberty of infancy in a smaller subset of patients aged 2−9 months.DesignRetrospective chart review of patients seen in the TS clinic at Children's National Hospital from 1/1/2019 to 8/24/2022, to assess AMH and correlate with karyotype and spontaneous puberty.ResultsAmong 114 patients (median age 9.6 year, 0.08−22 year), AMH values were detectable in only (40/104) 38%, and higher mean AMH (2.7 ± 0.95 ng/mL) was seen in mosaic 45,X/46,XX karyotype compared to 45,X (0.03 ± 0.14 ng/mL) (p < .001), and structurally abnormal‐X karyotype (0.11 ± 0.5) (p = .0003). Mean AMH was higher (1.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL) among those with spontaneous menarche compared with spontaneous thelarche but no menarche. AMH was detectable in 2/10 during minipuberty in those with the lowest luteinizing hormone (LH).ConclusionsOur institutional data reflects a diverse cohort of patients seen in a TS specialty clinic in the United States, showing correlation of AMH with karyotype and spontaneous menarche, as well as description of gonadotropins during minipuberty highlighting their clinical relevance. Studies in larger, prospective longitudinal cohorts will help determine their predictive value and role in the care of TS.
Deinstitutionalization of children in residential care facilities: Experiences and perceptions of professionals in Ghana
Authors: Frimpong‐Manso Kwabena , Cudjoe Ebenezer , Agbadi Pascal , Abdullah Alhassan , Deliege Antoine , Bansal Avantee 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccording to the literature, the success of deinstitutionalization (DI) practices in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is dependent on key factors including, a well‐functioning family‐based alternative care and social protection system, adequate funding and resources, and professional and other stakeholders' engagement and support. Following a practice research qualitative method, the study explored practitioner's experiences and perceptions on the status of Ghana's ongoing DI efforts and their recommendations for improving implementation. The study's main themes were establishing the need for residential homes for children (RHCs), RHCs not being an ideal family environment and RHCs as respite. Family marital problems, poor financial situation, stigma attached to some children in care, abusive parents and a lack of suitable alternatives when families have a crisis were identified as key factors that impede DI implementation in Ghana. The findings suggest the need for a progressive approach towards DI implementation in LMICs, with the first step being the re‐positioning of RHCs as respite care centres while progressively developing other alternative family‐based care options (such as kinship care) for children.