bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of relative deprivation on change in displaced aggression and the underlying motivation mechanism: A three‐wave cross‐lagged analysis
Authors: Guo Yongfen , Li Rui , Xia Ling‐Xiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDisplaced aggression refers to pernicious acts against innocent people. To date, little is known about mechanisms underlying dynamic changes in displaced aggression. The present study constructed a cross‐lagged model to examine the dynamic effects of relative deprivation on displaced aggression and the mediation mechanisms underlying these effects. A total of 1130 undergraduate students participated in this three‐wave longitudinal study. The results showed that relative deprivation predicted changes in displaced aggression through concurrent changes in levels of hostile attribution bias and moral disengagement. Hostile attribution bias and moral disengagement could predict each other longitudinally. The relationships between relative deprivation and displaced aggression, and relative deprivation and hostile attribution bias were mutual. This multiple mediation model with two mutually predicting mediators was explained from the aggressive motivation perspective. The findings help inform aggression theories and have implications for the prevention of and interventions against displaced aggression.
OP2113, a new drug for chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension treatment in rat
Authors: Roubenne Lukas , Laisné Margaux , Benoist David , Campagnac Marilyne , Prunet Bénédicte , Pasdois Philippe , Cardouat Guillaume , Ducret Thomas , Quignard Jean‐François , Vacher Pierre , Baudrimont Isabelle , Marthan Roger , Berger Patrick , Le Grand Bruno , Freund‐Michel Véronique , Guibert Christelle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposePulmonary hypertension (PH) is a cardiovascular disease characterised by an increase in pulmonary arterial (PA) resistance leading to right ventricular (RV) failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in PH. OP2113 is a drug with beneficial effects on cardiac injuries that targets mitochondrial ROS. The aim of the study was to address the in vivo therapeutic effect of OP2113 in PH.Experimental ApproachPH was induced by 3 weeks of chronic hypoxia (CH‐PH) in rats treated with OP2113 or its vehicle via subcutaneous osmotic mini‐pumps. Haemodynamic parameters and both PA and heart remodelling were assessed. Reactivity was quantified in PA rings and in RV or left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocytes. Oxidative stress was detected by electron paramagnetic resonance and western blotting. Mitochondrial mass and respiration were measured by western blotting and oxygraphy, respectively.Key ResultsIn CH‐PH rats, OP2113 reduced the mean PA pressure, PA remodelling, PA hyperreactivity in response to 5-HT, the contraction slowdown in RV and LV and increased the mitochondrial mass in RV. Interestingly, OP2113 had no effect on haemodynamic parameters, both PA and RV wall thickness and PA reactivity, in control rats. Whereas oxidative stress was evidenced by an increase in protein carbonylation in CH‐PH, this was not affected by OP2113.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur study provides evidence for a selective protective effect of OP2113 in vivo on alterations in both PA and RV from CH‐PH rats without side effects in control rats.
2‐Aroyl quinazolinone: Synthesis and in vitro anti‐parasitic activity
Authors: Setshedi Koketso J. , Beteck Richard M. , Jesumoroti Omobolanle J. , Ilbeigi Kayhan , Mabille Dorien , Caljon Guy , Van der Kooy Frank , Legoabe Lesetja J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTrypanosomes and Leishmania are parasitic protozoans that affect millions of people globally. Herein we report the synthesis of 2‐aroyl quinazolinones and their antiprotozoal efficacy against Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania infantum. These compounds were counter‐screened against a human cell line for cytotoxicity. Thirteen of the twenty target compounds in this study inhibited the growth of these parasites, with compounds KJ1, and KJ10 exhibiting IC50 values of 4.7 μM (T. b. brucei) and 1.1 μM (T. b. rhodesiense), respectively.
Validation of the German classification system for quality assessment of right‐sided colon cancer specimens
Authors: Bertelsen Claus Anders , Olsen Anna Sofie Friis , Gundestrup Anders Kierkegaard , Karlsen Andreas Aarenstrup , Neuenschwander Anders Ulrich , Buchbjerg Thomas , Iversen Else Refsgaard , Bols Birgitte , Ingeholm Peter , Kleif Jakob 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThe German classification system of the completeness of mesocolic excision aims to assess the quality of right‐sided colonic cancer surgery by review of photographs. We aimed to validate the reliability of the classification in a clinical context.MethodThe study was based on a cohort of patients undergoing resection for right‐sided colon cancer in two university hospitals served by the same group of pathologists. Prospectively collected photographs of the specimens were assessed twice by six colorectal surgeons to determine the intra‐rater and inter‐rater accuracy of the German classification and a modification assessing extended right‐sided resections.ResultsSpecimens from 613 resections for right‐sided colon cancer were reviewed. Twenty‐one specimens were found to be non‐assessable, leaving 436 right hemicolectomies, 139 extended right hemicolectomies and 17 right‐sided subtotal colectomies. Intra‐rater reliability was 0.57–0.74 and weighted kappa coefficients 0.58–0.74, without differences between subgroups. The percentage of agreement between all six participants was 20.3% for all specimens, 21.1% for right hemicolectomy specimens and 18.1% for extended hemicolectomy and right‐sided subtotal colectomy specimens. For the right hemicolectomy specimens, the model‐based kappa coefficient for agreement was 0.27 (95% CI 0.24–0.30) and for association 0.45 (95% CI 0.41–0.49).ConclusionThe German classification of right hemicolectomy specimens showed low intra‐rater reliability and inter‐rater agreement and association. The use of this classification for scientific purposes appeared not to be reliable.
People's Preferences for Inequality Respond Instantly to Changes in Status: A Simulated Society Experiment of Conflict Between the Rich and the Poor
Authors: Vuletich Heidi A. , Gray Kurt , Payne B. Keith 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMost people in the United States agree they want some income inequality but debate exactly how much is fair. High‐status people generally prefer more inequality than low‐status individuals. Here we examine how much preferences for inequality are (or are not) driven by self‐interest. Past work has generally investigated this idea in two ways: The first is by stratifying preferences by income, and the second is by randomly assigning financial status within lab‐constructed scenarios. In this paper, we develop a method that combines both experimental control and the social experience of inequality—a simulated society experiment. Across two experiments (N = 138, observations = 690), participants voted on the distribution of rewards—first behind a veil of ignorance, and then when they were randomly assigned a status within a game of chance. Status varied repeatedly across five rounds, allowing us to measure dynamic preferences. Under the veil of ignorance, people preferred inequality favoring the top status. When the veil of ignorance disappeared, self‐interest immediately influenced inequality preferences. Those who randomly landed in top positions were satisfied with the status quo established under the veil of ignorance, whereas those who randomly landed in bottom positions wanted more equality. Yet these preferences were not stable; decisions about the optimal level of inequality changed according to changes in social status. Our results also showed that, when inequality grows in a society, preferences regarding inequality become polarized by social status. Individuals in low‐status positions, particularly, tend to demand more equality.
Safety and utility of indwelling pleural catheters in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Trindade Anil J. , Lentz Robert J. , Gannon Whitney D. , Rickman Otis B. , Shojaee Samira , Vandervest Katherine , Schwartz Gary , Li Gloria W. , Kumar Anupam , Garcha Puneet S. , Seeley Eric J. , Gesthalter Yaron B. , Mueller Stephanie , Egan John P. , DeMaio Andrew J. , Yarmus Lonny B. , Josan Enambir S. , Pannu Jasleen K. , Wayne Max T. , DeCardenas Jose L. , Bacchetta Matthew D. , Maldonado Fabien ,   the Interventional Pulmonary Outcomes Group
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe safety and efficacy of indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) in lung allograft recipients is under‐reported.MethodsWe performed a multicenter, retrospective analysis between 1/1/2010 and 6/1/2022 of consecutive IPCs placed in lung transplant recipients. Outcomes included incidence of infectious and non‐infectious complications and rate of auto‐pleurodesis.ResultsSeventy‐one IPCs placed in 61 lung transplant patients at eight centers were included. The most common indication for IPC placement was recurrent post‐operative effusion. IPCs were placed at a median of 59 days (IQR 40–203) post‐transplant and remained for 43 days (IQR 25‐88). There was a total of eight (11%) complications. Infection occurred in five patients (7%); four had empyema and one had a catheter tract infection. IPCs did not cause death or critical illness in our cohort. Auto‐pleurodesis leading to the removal of the IPC occurred in 63 (89%) instances. None of the patients in this cohort required subsequent surgical decortication.ConclusionsThe use of IPCs in lung transplant patients was associated with an infectious complication rate comparable to other populations previously studied. A high rate of auto‐pleurodesis was observed. This work suggests that IPCs may be considered for the management of recurrent pleural effusions in lung allograft recipients.
Lactate concentration at the end of liver transplant: Early predictor of graft function or just one piece of the puzzle?
Authors: Galli Alessandro M. , Kothari Rishi , Adelmann Dieter , Holm Zacharias , Bokoch Michael P. , De Gasperi Andrea , Niemann Claus U. , Kolodzie Kerstin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe post‐operative course after Liver Transplantation (LT) can be complicated by early allograft dysfunction (EAD), primary nonfunction (PNF) and death. A lactate concentration at the end of transplant of ≥5 mmol/L was recently proposed as a predictive marker of PNF, EAD, and mortality; this study aimed to validate these previous reports in a large single center cohort.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included adult liver transplant recipients who received grafts from deceased donors at our center between June 2012 and May 2021. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the lactate concentration at the end of transplantation were computed to determine the AUC for PNF, EAD and mortality at 90 days.ResultsIn our cohort of 1137 cases, the AUCs for lactate to predict EAD, PNF and mortality were respectively .56 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .53–.60), .69 (95% CI: .52–.85), and .74 (95% CI: .63–.84).ConclusionThe clinical value of lactate concentration at the end of transplantation to predict PNF, EAD and mortality at 90 days was, at best, modest, as shown by the relatively low AUCs. Our findings cannot validate previous reports that the lactate level alone is a good predictor of poor outcomes after liver transplantation.
Therapy of pathological scars
Authors: Riedemann Helena Isabell , Schmidt Morna F. , Baron Jens Malte 
Published: June 2023

SummaryA scar develops following the appearance of a deep tissue defect as part of the physiological wound healing process. The initial inflammatory response is followed by proliferation of connective tissue cells, which form fibrosis as a final tissue substitute. Disorders can occur at all stages of the process and are most commonly manifested as impaired wound healing or the formation of atrophic and hypertrophic scars or keloids. The focus of this article is on the treatment of pathologic scars, which are an indication for therapy due to functional limitations, complaints, and stigmatization, among other reasons. Conservative medical, physical, surgical and laser therapeutic approaches are pursued. The basis for this is an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and factors influencing the choice of therapy, as well as an interdisciplinary and interprofessional therapeutic approach.
Retinodural haemorrhage of infancy, abusive head trauma, shaken baby syndrome: The continuing quest for evidence
Authors: Squier Waney 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe shaken baby syndrome was originally proposed in the 1970s without any formal scientific basis. Once data generated by scientific research was available, the hypothesis became controversial. There developed essentially two sides in the debate. One side claimed that the clinical triad of subdural haemorrhage, retinal haemorrhage, and encephalopathy, or its components, is evidence that an infant has been shaken. The other side stated this is not a scientifically valid proposal and that alternative causes, such as low falls and natural diseases, should be considered. The controversy continues, but the contours have shifted. During the last 15 years, research has shown that the triad is not sufficient to infer shaking or abuse and the shaking hypothesis does not meet the standards of evidence‐based medicine. This raises the issue of whether it is fit for either clinical practice or for the courtroom; evidence presented to the courts must be unassailable.What this paper adds

There is insufficient scientific evidence to assume that an infant with the triad of subdural haemorrhage (SDH), retinal haemorrhage, and encephalopathy must have been shaken.
Biomechanical and animal studies have failed to support the hypothesis that shaking can cause SDH and retinal haemorrhage.
Patterns of retinal haemorrhage cannot distinguish abuse.
Retinal haemorrhages are commonly associated with extracerebral fluid collections (including SDH) but not with shaking.
Infants can develop SDH, retinal haemorrhage, and encephalopathy from natural diseases and falls as low as 1 foot.
The shaking hypothesis and the literature on which it depends do not meet the standards of evidence‐based medicine.
Non‐paretic leg movements can facilitate cortical drive to the paretic leg in individuals post stroke with severe motor impairment: Implications for motor priming
Authors: Lim Hyosok , Madhavan Sangeetha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCross‐education, a phenomenon where unilateral strength (or skill) training enhances strength (or skill) in the contralateral untrained limb, has been well studied in able‐bodied individuals. Cross‐education effect accompanies bilateral changes of corticomotor activity in the motor cortex (M1). Recent reports demonstrated greater cross‐education effect in stroke survivors compared to healthy individuals, however, corticomotor responses to cross‐education in stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of non‐paretic leg movements on corticomotor excitability (CME) and reaction time of the paretic leg in severely impaired stroke survivors. Seventeen post stroke individuals with severe leg motor impairment (Fugl‐Meyer lower extremity score less than 21 and absence of motor evoked potential in the paretic leg) performed three 20‐min motor trainings using their non‐paretic ankle: skill (targeted dynamic movements), strength (isometric resistance) and sham (sub‐threshold electrical nerve stimulation). During training, verbal instructions were given to the participants to limit their movement to the non‐paretic leg and this was confirmed with visual observation of the paretic leg. Transcranial magnetic stimulation measured CME of the contralateral pathways from the non‐lesioned M1 to the non‐paretic tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, ipsilateral pathways to the paretic TA and transcallosal inhibition (TCI) from the non‐lesioned to lesioned M1. Paretic ankle reaction time was measured using a reaction time paradigm. All outcomes were measured before, immediately post, 30‐min post and 60‐min post priming. CME of the non‐paretic TA increased after skill (.08 ± .10 mV) and strength (.06 ± .05 mV) training (p < .01). Ipsilateral CME of the paretic TA (.02 ± .01 mV) and TCI (.01 ± .01 s, ipsilateral silent period; more inhibition to the lesioned M1) increased after skill (p < .05) but not strength training. Reaction time of the paretic ankle improved after skill and strength training (−.11 ± .2 and −.13 ± .20 s, respectively; p < .05) and was sustained at 60 min. No changes were observed during the sham condition. Our findings may inform future studies for using non‐paretic leg movements as a priming modality, especially for those who are contraindicated to other priming paradigms (e.g., brain stimulation) or unable to perform paretic leg movements. Conclusion: Non‐paretic leg movements can be used as a priming modality, especially for those who are contraindicated to other priming paradigms (e.g., brain stimulation) or unable to perform paretic leg movements.
Optimised use of data fusion and memory‐based learning with an Austrian soil library for predictions with infrared data
Authors: Ludwig Bernard , Greenberg Isabel , Vohland Michael , Michel Kerstin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInfrared spectroscopy in the visible to near‐infrared (vis–NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) regions is a well‐established approach for the prediction of soil properties. Different data fusion and training approaches exist, and the optimal procedures are yet undefined and may depend on the heterogeneity present in the set and on the considered scale. The objectives were to test the usefulness of partial least squares regressions (PLSRs) for soil organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (Ct), total nitrogen (Nt) and pH using vis–NIR and MIR spectroscopy for an independent validation after standard calibration (use of a general PLSR model) or using memory‐based learning (MBL) with and without spiking for a national spectral database. Data fusion approaches were simple concatenation of spectra, outer product analysis (OPA) and model averaging. In total, 481 soils from an Austrian forest soil archive were measured in the vis–NIR and MIR regions, and regressions were calculated. Fivefold calibration‐validation approaches were carried out with a region‐related split of spectra to implement independent validations with n ranging from 47 to 99 soils in different folds. MIR predictions were generally superior over vis–NIR predictions. For all properties, optimal predictions were obtained with data fusion, with OPA and spectra concatenation outperforming model averaging. The greatest robustness of performance was found for OPA and MBL with spiking with R2 ≥ 0.77 (N), 0.85 (SOC), 0.86 (pH) and 0.88 (Ct) in the validations of all folds. Overall, the results indicate that the combination of OPA for vis–NIR and MIR spectra with MBL and spiking has a high potential to accurately estimate properties when using large‐scale soil spectral libraries as reference data. However, the reduction of cost‐effectiveness using two spectrometers needs to be weighed against the potential increase in accuracy compared to a single MIR spectroscopy approach.
Models of underlying autotrophic biomass dynamics fit to daily river ecosystem productivity estimates improve understanding of ecosystem disturbance and resilience
Authors: Blaszczak Joanna R. , Yackulic Charles B. , Shriver Robert K. , Hall Robert O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDirectly observing autotrophic biomass at ecologically relevant frequencies is difficult in many ecosystems, hampering our ability to predict productivity through time. Since disturbances can impart distinct reductions in river productivity through time by modifying underlying standing stocks of biomass, mechanistic models fit to productivity time series can infer underlying biomass dynamics. We incorporated biomass dynamics into a river ecosystem productivity model for six rivers to identify disturbance flow thresholds and understand the resilience of primary producers. The magnitude of flood necessary to disturb biomass and thereby reduce ecosystem productivity was consistently lower than the more commonly used disturbance flow threshold of the flood magnitude necessary to mobilize river bed sediment. The estimated daily maximum percent increase in biomass (a proxy for resilience) ranged from 5% to 42% across rivers. Our latent biomass model improves understanding of disturbance thresholds and recovery patterns of autotrophic biomass within river ecosystems.
Diagnostic accuracy of nerve excitability and compound muscle action potential scan derived biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Stikvoort García D. J. L. , Sleutjes B.T.H.M. , van Schelven L. J. , Goedee H. S. , van den Berg L. H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe lack of reliable early biomarkers still causes substantial diagnostic delays in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a novel electrophysiological protocol in patients with suspected motor neuron disease (MND).MethodsConsecutive patients with suspected MND were prospectively recruited at our tertiary referral centre for MND in Utrecht, The Netherlands. Procedures were performed in accordance with the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy. In addition to the standard diagnostic workup, an electrophysiological protocol of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scans and nerve excitability tests was performed on patients' thenar muscles. The combined diagnostic yield of nerve excitability and CMAP scan based motor unit number estimation was compared to the Awaji and Gold Coast criteria and their added value was determined.ResultsIn all, 153 ALS or progressive muscular atrophy patients, 63 disease controls and 43 healthy controls were included. Our electrophysiological protocol had high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] 0.85, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.80–0.90), even in muscles with undetectable axon loss (AUC 0.78, 95% CI 0.70–0.85) and in bulbar‐onset patients (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.73–0.95). Twenty‐four of 33 (73%) ALS patients who could not be diagnosed during the same visit were correctly identified, as well as 8/13 (62%) ALS patients not meeting the Gold Coast criteria and 49/59 (83%) ALS patients not meeting the Awaji criteria during this first visit.ConclusionsOur practical and non‐invasive electrophysiological protocol may improve early diagnosis in clinically challenging patients with suspected ALS. Routine incorporation may boost early diagnosis, enhance patient selection and generate baseline measures for clinical trials.