bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Postpartum Weight Loss-focused Stepped-care Intervention in a Military Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pérez-Muñoz Andrea , Hare Marion E , Andres Aline , Klesges Robert C , Wayne Talcott Gerald , Little Melissa A , Waters Teresa M , Harvey Jean R , Bursac Zoran , Krukowski Rebecca A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Postpartum weight retention is associated with adverse health among both civilian and military women.

Purpose
The current study evaluated a stepped-care weight management intervention, Moms Fit 2 Fight, adapted for use in a pregnant and postpartum military population.

Methods
Active duty women and other TRICARE beneficiaries (N = 430) were randomized to one of three conditions: gestational weight gain only (GWG-only) intervention (n =144), postpartum weight loss only (PPWL-only) intervention (n =142), or a combined GWG + PPWL intervention (n = 144). Those participants who received the PPWL intervention (i.e., the PPWL-only and GWG+PPWL conditions) were combined consistently with the pre-registered protocol and compared to those participants who did not receive the PPWL intervention in the primary analyses. Primary outcome data (i.e., postpartum weight retention) were obtained at 6-months postpartum by unblinded data collectors, and intent-to-treat analyses were conducted.

Results
Retention at 6-months postpartum was 88.4%. Participants who received the PPWL intervention retained marginally less weight (1.31 kg) compared to participants that received the GWG-only intervention (2.39 kg), with a difference of 1.08 kg (p = .07). None of the measured covariates, including breastfeeding status, were significantly associated with postpartum weight retention. Of the participants who received the PPWL intervention, 48.1% participants returned to their pre-pregnancy weight at 6-months postpartum, with no significant differences compared to those who received the GWG-only intervention.

Conclusions
A behavioral intervention targeting diet and physical activity during the postpartum period had a trend for reduced postpartum weight retention.

Clinical Trial information
The trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 03057808).
Barbershop-Facilitated Community-to-Clinic Linkage Implementation Program: Rationale and Protocol for a Novel Program to Prevent Hypertension Among Black Men
Authors: Ravenell Joseph , Green Tanisha , Arabadjian Milla , Schoenthaler Antoinette , Ogedegbe Olugbenga 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Black men in the United States have higher hypertension (HTN) prevalence than other groups, largely due to adverse social determinants of health, including poor healthcare access. The Community-to-Clinic Linkage Implementation Program (CLIP) is effective for HTN screening in Black-owned barbershops. However, its effect on HTN prevention among Black men is untested. Here, we describe the rationale and study protocol for the development and testing of a barbershop facilitation (BF) strategy, with trained Community Health Workers, to implement and scale CLIP for HTN prevention in Black men.

Methods
The study is part of the American Heart Association (AHA)-funded RESTORE (Addressing Social Determinants to Prevent Hypertension) Health Equity Research Network. The study is tri-phasic: (i) pre-implementation—qualitative examination of factors affecting adoption of CLIP and development of BF strategy, (ii) implementation—cluster randomized control trial to test the effectiveness of CLIP with and without BF. We will partner with 20 barbershops and enroll 420 Black men with elevated blood pressure (BP)/Stage 1 HTN (2017 ACC/AHA HTN guidelines). Outcomes include reduction in BP, rate of CLIP adoption and linkage to care, and incidence of Stage 2 HTN. The study time frame is 12 months, (iii) post-implementation—we will evaluate program sustainability (6 months post-trial conclusion) and cost-effectiveness (up to 10 years).

Conclusions
This study harnesses community-based resources to address HTN prevention in Black men, who are more adversely impacted by HTN than other groups. It has major policy relevance for health departments and other stakeholders to address HTN prevention in Black communities.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT05447962.
Rationale and Design of the Groceries for Black Residents of Boston to Stop Hypertension Among Adults Without Treated Hypertension (GoFresh) Trial
Authors: Turkson-Ocran Ruth-Alma N , Cluett Jennifer L , Fitzpatrick Stephanie L , Kraemer Kristen M , McManus Kathy , Mukamal Kenneth J , Davis Roger B , Elborki Marwa , Ferro Kayla , Ismail Norah , Laura Aidoo Emily , Larbi Kwapong Fredrick , Castilla-Ojo Noelle , Grobman Ben , Seager Reva , Hines Anika L , Miller Edgar R , Crews Deidra C , Juraschek Stephen P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Poor diet quality significantly contributes to hypertension disparities affecting Black adults. While the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern lowers blood pressure (BP), access to DASH-patterned groceries is a major barrier for residents of urban food deserts.

Methods
The Groceries for Black Residents of Boston to Stop Hypertension among Adults without Treated Hypertension (GoFresh) study is one of five projects in the RESTORE Network, an AHA-funded initiative focused on hypertension prevention. GoFresh is testing whether online, dietitian-assisted, home-delivered, DASH-patterned groceries lowers BP among Black adults with elevated BP. This individual-level, parallel-arm trial will enroll up to 176 Black adults with SBP (systolic blood pressure) between 120 and &lt;150 mm Hg residing in Boston-area communities with reduced grocery store access. Following randomization, half of the participants will be assigned to weekly sessions with a dietitian who will assist participants in ordering DASH-patterned groceries online for home delivery; the remainder will receive a $500 monthly stipend. Both interventions will last 3 months, followed by a 9-month maintenance phase.

Results
The primary outcome is the difference in SBP after 3 months. Secondary outcomes include a change in 24-hour ambulatory BP, body mass index, 24-hour urine sodium and potassium, hemoglobin A1C, lipids, fruit and vegetable intake, and saturated fat intake. Qualitative interviews with 45 participants 6 months after baseline assessments will determine barriers and facilitators to long-term maintenance of DASH-patterned grocery shopping.

Discussion
Findings from this study will inform ongoing work on scalable interventions to prevent hypertension among Black adults with implications for public and healthcare-based food supplementation programs.

Trial registration
NCT05121337. Registered on 16 November 2021, at ClinicalTrials.gov: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05121337
Linkage, Empowerment, and Access to Prevent Hypertension: A Novel Program to Prevent Hypertension and Reduce Cardiovascular Health Disparities in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Nnodim Opara Ijeoma , Brook Robert D , Twiner Michael J , Dawood Katee , Levy Phillip D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Serious cardiovascular health disparities persist across the United States, disproportionately affecting Black communities. Mounting evidence supports negative social determinants of health (SDoH) as contributing factors to a higher prevalence of hypertension along with lower control rates. Here, we describe a first-of-a-kind approach to reducing health disparities by focusing on preventing hypertension in Black adults with elevated blood pressure (BP) living in socially vulnerable communities.

Methods and Results
Linkage, Empowerment, and Access to Prevent Hypertension (LEAP-HTN) is part of the RESTORE (Addressing Social Determinants to Prevent Hypertension) health equity research network. The trial will test if a novel intervention reduces systolic BP (primary outcome) and prevents the onset of hypertension over 1 year versus usual care in 500 Black adults with elevated BP (systolic BP 120–129 mm Hg; diastolic BP &lt;80 mm Hg) in Detroit, Michigan. LEAP-HTN leverages our groundbreaking platform using geospatial health and social vulnerability data to direct the deployment of mobile health units (MHUs) to communities of greatest need. All patients are referred to primary care providers. Trial participants in the active limb will receive additional collaborative care delivered remotely by community health workers using an innovative strategy termed pragmatic, personalized, adaptable approaches to lifestyle, and life circumstances (PAL2) which mitigates the impact of negative SDoH.

Conclusions
LEAP-HTN aims to prevent hypertension by improving access and linkage to care while mitigating negative SDoH. This novel approach could represent a sustainable and scalable strategy to overcoming health disparities in socially vulnerable communities across the United States.
AddREssing Social Determinants TO pRevent hypErtension (The RESTORE Network): Overview of the Health Equity Research Network to Prevent Hypertension
Authors: Spruill Tanya M , Muntner Paul , Popp Collin J , Shimbo Daichi , Cooper Lisa A , Moran Andrew E , Penko Joanne , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Ibe Chidinma , Nnodim Opara Ijeoma , Howard George , Bellows Brandon K , Spoer Ben R , Ravenell Joseph , Cherrington Andrea L , Levy Phillip , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , Juraschek Stephen P , Molello Nancy , Dietz Katherine B , Brown Deven , Bartelloni Alexis , Ogedegbe Gbenga 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The American Heart Association funded a Health Equity Research Network on the prevention of hypertension, the RESTORE Network, as part of its commitment to achieving health equity in all communities. This article provides an overview of the RESTORE Network.

METHODS
The RESTORE Network includes five independent, randomized trials testing approaches to implement non-pharmacological interventions that have been proven to lower blood pressure (BP). The trials are community-based, taking place in churches in rural Alabama, mobile health units in Michigan, barbershops in New York, community health centers in Maryland, and food deserts in Massachusetts. Each trial employs a hybrid effectiveness-implementation research design to test scalable and sustainable strategies that mitigate social determinants of health (SDOH) that contribute to hypertension in Black communities. The primary outcome in each trial is change in systolic BP. The RESTORE Network Coordinating Center has five cores: BP measurement, statistics, intervention, community engagement, and training that support the trials. Standardized protocols, data elements and analysis plans were adopted in each trial to facilitate cross-trial comparisons of the implementation strategies, and application of a standard costing instrument for health economic evaluations, scale up, and policy analysis. Herein, we discuss future RESTORE Network research plans and policy outreach activities designed to advance health equity by preventing hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS
The RESTORE Network was designed to promote health equity in the US by testing effective and sustainable implementation strategies focused on addressing SDOH to prevent hypertension among Black adults.
Design of the Equity in Prevention and Progression of Hypertension by Addressing Barriers to Nutrition and Physical Activity Study: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Hardy Shakia T , Hannon Lonnie , Hall Lanisha , Cherrington Andrea L 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh rates of hypertension and poverty in the rural south contribute to health disparities with Black adults experiencing higher rates of cardiovascular disease than White adults, underscoring the need to identify prevention strategies.MethodsThe equity in prevention and progression of hypertension by addressing barriers to nutrition and physical activity (EPIPHANY) study is a cluster randomized controlled trial testing a multilevel intervention to reduce barriers to a healthy lifestyle to lower blood pressure (BP) among rural, Black adults. Health education fairs offered to 20 churches in the Alabama Black Belt are being used to screen and enroll adults with elevated BP or stage 1 hypertension (systolic BP 120–139 mmHg and diastolic BP &lt; 90 mmHg) who are not recommended for antihypertensive medication, according to the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association BP guideline. Participants (n = 240) in churches randomized to the control condition are offered access to online resources including cooking and exercise classes. Participants (n = 240) in churches randomized to the intervention are receiving access to online resources; telephone-based peer support for lifestyle modification; funding for churches to develop programs to address food access and/or barriers to physical activity; and training of church members to serve as church champions to deliver training for church members on lifestyle modification. We will employ a Type 1 hybrid implementation-effectiveness design to assess effectiveness and implementation.ConclusionsThe EPIPHANY study is designed to prevent hypertension among rural, Black adults by addressing structural and individual barriers to lifestyle modification through peer support.
Impact of a pharmacist collaborative drug therapy management protocol on utilization of a discharge prescription program and hospital readmissions
Authors: Rafferty Jennifer L , Mills Kevin D , Morano Melissa , Pogodzinski Jill , Chilbert Maya R , Clark Collin M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the impact of a collaborative drug therapy management (CDTM) agreement allowing a pharmacist to automatically prescribe refills of discharge medications to patients’ preferred outpatient pharmacy on utilization of a hospital discharge prescription program and hospital readmission rates.

Methods
This was a single-center, quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study. Patients aged 18 years or older discharged from the cardiology services to home were eligible for inclusion in the study. The CDTM agreement was initiated on July 1, 2019. Patients discharged to home from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2019, were assigned to the historical control group. The primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of &#x2028;patients who used the bedside medication delivery service at hospital discharge between the groups. Secondary outcomes included 30-day hospital readmissions and a descriptive analysis of medications prescribed by a pharmacist through the program. A χ2 test was used to assess the primary outcome, and multivariable logistic regression was used to assess hospital readmissions.

Results
In total, 1,704 and 2,200 patients were discharged in the control and CDTM groups, respectively. The CDTM group had a greater proportion of patients who participated in the discharge prescription program compared to the historical control group (77.8% vs 68.7%; P &lt; 0.0001). There was no difference in 30-day hospital readmission rate between the groups (adjusted odds ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-1.23; &#x2028;P = 0.94).

Conclusion
A CDTM protocol to improve the availability of medication refills at a patient’s regular outpatient pharmacy improved utilization of a bedside medication delivery service but did not change 30-day readmission rates.
Helpers don’t help when it’s hot in a cooperatively breeding bird, the Southern Pied Babbler
Authors: Bourne Amanda R , Ridley Amanda R , Cunningham Susan J 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCooperative breeding, where more than two individuals invest in rearing a single brood, occurs in many bird species globally and often contributes to improved breeding outcomes. However, high temperatures are associated with poor breeding outcomes in many species, including cooperative species. We used data collected over three austral summer breeding seasons to investigate the contribution that helpers make to daytime incubation in a cooperatively breeding species, the Southern Pied Babbler Turdoides bicolor, and the ways in which their contribution is influenced by temperature. Helpers spent a significantly higher percentage of their time foraging (41.8 ± 13.7%) and a significantly lower percentage of their time incubating (18.5 ± 18.8%) than members of the breeding pair (31.3 ± 11% foraging and 37.4 ± 15.7% incubating). In groups with only one helper, the helper’s contribution to incubation was similar to that of breeders. However, helpers in larger groups contributed less to incubation, individually, with some individuals investing no time in incubation on a given observation day. Helpers significantly decrease their investment in incubation on hot days (&gt;35.5°C), while breeders tend to maintain incubation effort as temperatures increase. Our results demonstrate that pied babblers share the workload of incubation unequally between breeders and helpers, and this inequity is more pronounced during hot weather. These results may help to explain why recent studies have found that larger group size does not buffer against the impacts of high temperatures in this and other cooperatively breeding species.
Movement patterns in Florida pine snakes are shaped by landscape heterogeneity, ambient air temperature and reproductive ethology
Authors: Orton Richard W , Wallrichs Megan , Bankovich Brittany , Bartolotti Glenn , Hayman Blair 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Although variation in space use has been investigated extensively in terrestrial vertebrates, there have been recent criticisms that there are more data for mammals than reptiles. This may be an important consideration because the factors that shape movement patterns in reptiles could differ from those of mammals leading to misleading generalizations if data for mammals are extrapolated to reptiles. Here, we quantified the relationships between space use size, movement velocity and turn angle in 24 adult Florida pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus mugitus). We tested the effects of site, season, sex, the distribution of vegetation cover, and ambient air temperature on movement patterns. We also assessed the use of underground refugia across seasons, because underground refugia are thought to play an important role in the ecology and evolution of Florida pine snakes. Our results indicate that the movement patterns that shape space use variation in Florida pine snakes are affected by the heterogeneity of suitable microhabitats across landscapes, ambient air temperature and reproductive ethology. This study strengthens our collective understanding of movement patterns in Florida pine snakes and contributes to a growing body of knowledge of the movement ecology of snakes. Broadly, our results highlight general differences in the movement ecologies of mammals and Florida pine snakes that could potentially extend to our understanding of other ectothermic lineages, being predictably linked to metabolic theory.
Widespread coexistence of genetically distinct morphotypes in theSatyrium longicaudacomplex (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Castañeda-Zárate Miguel , Johnson Steven D , van der Niet Timotheüs 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpecies-level taxonomy is traditionally based on herbarium collections that typically include few, or even single, representatives per site. This can lead to underestimation of diversity when there are sympatric populations of superficially similar plants belonging to different lineages. Satyrium longicauda (Orchidaceae) represents a taxonomic challenge for the delimitation of species boundaries due to the high degree of morphological variation detected within and among populations. Currently, just two varieties are accepted based mainly on length differences of the lateral sepal and nectar spur. However, there is extensive morphological variation within South African populations and evidence for several pollination ecotypes, indicating that this taxon represents an actively diverging species complex. Here, we evaluate intraspecific morphological variation through uni- and multivariate morphometrics and analyse internal transcribed spacer sequences for individuals sampled from 36 sites, including 14 sites where divergent morphotypes occur sympatrically. Morphometric analyses of 1802 individuals revealed the presence of eight morphotypes based on vegetative and floral characters. Up to six morphologically and genetically distinct morphotypes can coexist in sympatry. Morphological and genetic distances among populations were significantly correlated. Phylogenetic analyses of 120 accessions indicated that neither of the two varieties nor S. longicauda as a species is monophyletic, and provided evidence for the monophyly of some of the morphotypes including the newly described S. cernuiflorum. The presence of distinct morphological and genetic sympatric variants, which in several cases scale up to distinct evolutionary lineages, is consistent with the existence of different taxa according to morphological and biological species concepts. Our results therefore confirm that taxonomy based mainly on herbarium collections can grossly under-estimate actual diversity of disparate lineages, although further work is required to finalize taxonomic decisions. These findings have implications for efforts to estimate species diversity in groups that are in the process of diversifying and for conservation practice.
Role and Impact of a Clinical Pharmacy Team at an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center
Authors: Choi David K , Rubin David T , Puangampai Archariya , Lach Monika 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
There is limited literature describing the role of a clinical pharmacy team within a tertiary academic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) center. The goal of this paper is to describe and showcase the clinical and operational impact of an integrated clinical pharmacy team.

Methods
This was a retrospective study evaluating the referral outcomes for all patients referred to University of Chicago Medicine Specialty Pharmacy for self-administered advanced IBD therapies covered by prescription insurance from October 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021.

Results
A total of 1800 referrals were received for advanced IBD therapies. Prior authorizations (PAs) were required and submitted for 1700 referrals. Of those 1700 PA submissions, 297 (17%) were denied by insurance. To overturn the denials, 344 appeals, including second-level appeals and external reviews, were submitted. Manufacturer patient assistance programs were obtained for 69 patients. From the 1800 referrals, 98% of patients were successfully started on the intended therapy. Clinically, there were 2141 pharmacist-initiated interventions by 2 IBD pharmacists. The most common interventions were prevention in interruption of therapy and providing patient education.

Conclusions
Clinical pharmacy teams are well positioned to streamline care within a tertiary academic IBD center. Their unique skillset and ability to provide high yield medication access supports the use of this model as a best practice in IBD centers.