bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the strength property of capillary plasma generator
Authors: Li Haiyuan , Li Baoming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Plasma generator is a key component of electrothermal chemical gun. Its function is to produce plasma under the action of high pulse current and enhance the combustion characteristics of the propellant, thus improving the launch efficiency and muzzle velocity. The structural properties of the plasma generator are related to its discharge characteristics, internal pressure, and plasma jet characteristics, etc. This paper studies the strength property of capillary plasma generator under working conditions, and provides a reference for the structural design of the plasma generator.
Research on fire distribution algorithm based on Hopfield neural network
Authors: Chi Zhang , Chun Zhang , Yan Wang , Hao Hu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
the problem of air defense fire distribution in ECM command and control system is studied. Based on the mathematical model of fire distribution, the classical solution algorithm Hungarian method is introduced, and the shortcomings of Hungarian method in solving fire distribution are pointed out. According to the basic principle of Hopfield neural network model, the algorithm process of solving specific optimization problems is deduced, and the fire distribution problem is simulated. According to the simulation results, the application conclusion and improved method of Hopfield neural network model in fire distribution problem are given, which proves that the model can solve the fire distribution problem more effectively.
Dynamic Modeling of Helicopter Aerogun System Based on Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: He Q , Li J X , Zhang F F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aerogun system is an indispensable automatic shooting weapon on the armed helicopter. The system is a complex mechanical system with large motion and small deformation, in which multiple rigid bodies and flexible bodies are connected in a certain way. In this study, the system dynamics model of the armed helicopter aerogun was established by using the multi-body system transfer matrix method. The finite element model for dynamic analysis of helicopter aerial gun is established, and the modal calculation and dynamic response analysis of key connection parts are carried out. t lays a foundation for adjusting the vibration frequency by changing the state parameters. So as to reduce vibration and improve shooting accuracy.
Vegetable substituted tuna nuggets and changes in nutrient content during frozen storage
Authors: Kusumawardani HD , Juwantoro D , Ayuni PD , Samsudin M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Malnutrition in children will affect their growth, causing a decrease in study skills and immunity. Considering the issues, overcoming the nutritional issues of babies and toddlers by giving food supplements is mandatory. Innovations in making food supplements basically from fish aim to increase the number of nutritions such as protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants which contribute to the development of body organ function. This research is aimed to know the changes in iron, beta carotene, and zinc during storage. The research design is experimental. The first stage is making tuna nuggets which are substituted with pumpkin, broccoli, and red beans. Furthermore, the analysis of nutrients before and after storage in the freezer for 3 months. There was a decrease in beta carotene levels in pumpkin tuna nuggets, broccoli tuna, and red bean tuna, 34.5%, 14.2%, and 9.6%, respectively. There was an increase in the iron content of pumpkin tuna nuggets, broccoli tuna, and red bean tuna as much as 65.2%, 7.1%, and 30%, respectively. There was a decrease in zinc levels in pumpkin tuna and broccoli tuna nuggets as much as 23.6% and 78.8%, respectively. There was an increase in zinc levels in red bean tuna nuggets as much as 46.3%. Storage of nuggets in frozen conditions in the freezer for 3 months causes changes in beta carotene, iron, and zinc levels.
Stingless bee pollen product from Mount Merapi Slope, Turi Yogyakarta Indonesia
Authors: Sudaryadi I , Oktaweni F , Pramono I E , Fatikasary K W , Widiawati H , Sutikno  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Stingless beekeeping practice (meliponiculture) in Indonesia is known to have an important role in flowering plant pollination outcomes as the stingless bee species is widely distributed across most regions of the country. As a social insect, lebah klaceng (the local name of stingless bee) consists of many species which produces honey, bee pollen, and propolis. It has been found that higher diversity of the collected pollens indicates a higher success of pollination outcomes for different kinds of flowering plants. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify the diversity of collected stingless bee pollens in the meliponiculture practice at the Mount Merapi Slope, Turi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia by observing the pollen characteristics. Acetolysis method was used in the preparation of the collected pollens for identification. The pollens were then observed under a light microscope. The result showed that the stingless bee pollens collected from Mount Merapi Slope were successfully obtained from various flowering plants belonging to 31 families dominated by Arecaceae (46.60%), followed by Asteraceae (6.90%), and Malvaceae (5.70%). It can be concluded that the stingless bee, Tetragonula laeviceps, is a good pollinator insect which supports the successful pollination of up to 31 families of flowering plants found at the Mount Merapi Slope, Turi, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Extraction and analysis of lutein and antioxidant activities from red spinach’s root, stem, and leaf
Authors: Rahman A N F , Latief R , Kartono H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Red spinach is leafy vegetable containing a high concentration of carotenoid such as lutein, which shows high benefits in anti-cancer and antioxidant to protect eye health from oxidative stress caused by cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Because of the potential activity against eye disease, extraction to obtain high concentration of lutein from this vegetable is urgently needed. Generally, lutein from leafy vegetables extracted from leaf. This study presents extraction and analysis lutein and antioxidant activities from all parts of the red spinach, such as the root, stem, and leaf. The extraction using hexane solvent. The result showed that the lutein content in root, stem, and leaf of red spinach by HPLC analysis was almost equal for all parts, 62.63 ppm for the root, 63.30 ppm for the stem, and 62.63 ppm for the leaf. In addition, spinach leaf displayed weak antioxidant activities due to a low IC50 value of 208.64 ppm. In contrast, spinach’s root and stem showed very weak antioxidant activities due to high value of IC50 of 463.19 ppm and 428.67 ppm. In conclusion, spinach’s leaf, the root and stem are good sources of lutein because of their high lutein content, but the antioxidant activity of spinach’s leaf is categorized as weak, and spinach’s root and stem are categorized as very weak in their extract.
Quality improvement of Indonesia traditional snack “Gandos” through the substitution of grated coconut on sensory, chemical characteristics, and TPC value
Authors: Affandi DR , Khotimah K , Afiah RN , Asmediana A , Abdi YFR , Adi P , Mulyani R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Gandos or pancong is a traditional snack, a type of semi-wet cake that is easily damaged and have a short shelf life. The quality of gandos is easily decreased because this snack is made from grated coconut which easily meets lipid oxidation. Quality improvement of gandos is needed to increase the selling value. The purpose of this study is to improve the quality of gandos by evaluating the sensory, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. The experimental design used was a one-factor Completely Randomized Design with three different treatments of coconut, namely F1 (coconut flour), F2 (pasteurized grated coconut), and F3 (boiled grated coconut). The tests carried out were sensory characteristics (appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, & overall), chemical characteristic (free fatty acid, moisture content, and ash content), and microbiological characteristic (total plate count). The hedonic test result showed that gandos with pasteurized grated coconut have the highest acceptance. This gandos has 36.601% of moisture content, 2.473% of ash content, 0.537% of FFA, and 4,4 x 103 CFU of TPC value. Gandos with pasteurized grated coconut has lower moisture content compared to the control. Based on the TPC test, gandos were not safe to consume in the 24th hour.
Molecular Screening of β-Lactoglobulin Gene Variation for Allergy-free Milk Production in Indonesian Friesian Holstein
Authors: Windarti Wahyu , Pambuko Galih , Purwadi  , Novika Revi Gama Hatta , Prastowo Sigit 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The most allergenic protein in cow’s milk for new-borns is Beta Lactoglobulin (β-LG), which is also one of the bovine whey proteins. As a result, choosing suitable animals to create free allergenic protein is essential. In this study, Indonesian Friesian Holstein’s genetic variants in the β-LG gene were examined). Forty-two blood samples were sampled as DNA sources. The β-LG gene allele and genotype variant were identified using PCR-RFLP, or Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Successful amplification of the β-LG gene with a 247 bp product size was followed by DNA sequencing and HaeIII enzyme digestion (GG|CC). There were discovered to be three genotypes and two types of alleles, A and B, with the frequencies being AA (0.26), AB (0.50), and BB (0.24). The population is in equilibrium because A and B have respective allele frequencies of 0.51 and 0.49. In conclusion, molecular-assisted selection can create allergen-free milk by utilizing the genotype variants of β-LG genes.
Effects of osmotic dehydration pre-treatment on process and quality of freeze-dried strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa var. Mencir)
Authors: Putri R M , Jumeri  , Falah M A F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The freeze-drying of fruits is one alternative to increase the added value of fresh fruit, extend the shelf life which the product, and still have properties like fresh fruit. Osmotic dehydration pre-treatment can be applied before drying techniques to produce a new product, maintain nutritional and sensory quality, and improve the drying process. In this research, the effects of osmotic dehydration on freeze-drying performance and the quality characteristics of freeze-dried strawberries were evaluated. Freeze-dried strawberries were made using fresh strawberries without pre-treatments and pre-treatments by osmotic dehydration (OD) with the freeze-drying method. The treatment of materials and processes used were the duration of storage in the freezer of 36 to 48 h; vertically cutting strawberry before OD; osmotic dehydration agents with a concentration of 50°Brix; immersion time for 30 min at temperature a 30°C; and freeze-drying time of 24 h. Results of each treatment in terms of physical quality parameters (color of skin fruit (L*a*b*), change of color (ΔE), and hardness) and phytochemical quality parameters (water content, vitamin C, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity by DPPH) were compared and discussed. The osmotic dehydration process causes a water loss of 13%, has a significant difference on the parameters of colors (redness and color of change), hardness, vitamin C, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity by DPPH.
Urban footprint extraction derived from worldview-2 satellite imagery by random forest and k-nearest neighbours algorithm
Authors: Bhayunagiri IBP , Saifulloh M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
High-resolution spatial data regarding the distribution of urban areas is fundamental concerning regional spatial planning and monitoring the development of built-up areas. Many researchers have extracted urban footprints using low to medium-resolution satellite imagery. For applications on a global and regional scale, low to medium image resolution are suitable. Nevertheless, higher image resolution is required on a local scale, down to a small urban area level. This study objective to mapping the built-up land and examine the accuracy of 2 machine learning algorithms. This investigation employs a novel approach that combines the utilization of remote sensing technology with the implementation of machine learning algorithms. We use Random Forest (RF) and K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) machine learning algorithms. This study used a high-resolution (0.5 meter) satellite image derived formWorldView-2. We only used three visible channels (Red-Green-Blue) with a 450 – 690 nm wavelength. Integrating remote sensing and machine learning can adequately investigate the urban footprint area. Based on this research, the RF better than KNN algorithm. It is proven by the confidence iteration value and the overall accuracy of the RF and KNN algorithms, i.e., 73.32%, 71.99%, 82.08%, and 77.89% respectively. Based on WorldView-2 imagery acquired in 2015, the proportion of urban footprint is still lower than the green area with 41.75%: 58.24%, especially in the centre of the capital city of Bali Province. Such conditions are undoubtedly different in other urban areas in Bali. Even one city area, e.g., West Denpasar, which almost the entire area is dominated by the urban footprint area. Such conditions are a particular concern for the local government in managing future spatial planning regulations. It is recommended that the proportion of green open space remains a priority so that there are no environmental problems in urban areas (e.g., air pollution, flooding due to runoff problems, etc.).
Effects of extraction time on total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of a polyherbal drink
Authors: Hamad A , Hartanti D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The effect of extraction time on the color, total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of the polyherbal drink consisted of 10% turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), 20% Java tea (Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq.), and 70% seed-under-leaf (Phyllanthus niruri L.) crude drugs were evaluated in this study. The drinks were prepared by decoction at various extraction times. The drink color was read by LAB colorimetry. TPC and TFC were determined by the official methods in the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia (IHP). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the standard 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The color of the extracts obtained from different extraction times was statistically equal in L*, a*, and b* of color parameters. The TPC, TFC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and FRAP of the extracts were considerably increased during the first 15 mins of extraction. The TPC value started to decrease after being extracted for 45 mins. The value of TFC, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and FRAP of the drinks remained unchanged until the final extraction time. Thus, the recommended extraction time of the polyherbal drink was 15 mins to preserve the phenolic compounds and flavonoids and obtain optimum antioxidant activity.
The effect of bentonite utilization on the physicochemical characterization of eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) oil by wet rendering
Authors: Sasongko H , Cahyadi M , Sutarno S , Muslimah I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Eel fish is a fishery commodity that has important economic worth in an international trade market. Eel fish (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) has a protein, carbohydrate, and fatty acid. The fatty acid composition in eel fish makes it a potential source of fish oil for health supplement applications. The extraction method and the purification process determine the quality of the fish oil produced. Wet rendering, or wet extraction is considered to be the most commonly used fish oil separation process. However, this process must be subjected to additional treatment, namely purification to produce quality fish oil. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of bentonite on the physicochemical profile of eel. The oil is extracted from all of the body eel fish parts except waste like intestines. The crude fish oil thus obtained is then further processed with bentonite for refining to obtain pure fish oil. The results showed the quality of eel oil in respectively: acid number 1.47±0.02 mg KOH/g fat, iodine number 105.51 ± 0.62 Wijs, saponification number 226.12±3.86 mg KOH/g and peroxide value 11.86±0.0221 mEq O2/kg. There is a change in physicochemical profile after purification using bentonite. The conclusion, was that utilization of bentonite for eel oil extraction using the wet rendering process may increase the quality of fish oil.
Effect of pH, temperature, and salt concentration on the growth of Bacillus subtilis T9-05 isolated from fish sauce
Authors: Sanjaya A P , Praseptiangga D , Zaman M Z , Umiati V F , Baraja S I 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiogenic amines (BAs) are organic compounds found in fermented food products, such as sausage, fermented vegetables, wine, and fish sauce. Due to their potential to be harmful to human health and as markers of food quality, BAs content in food can be used as an indicator of food quality and food safety. Some bacteria have the ability to produce or degrade the BAs during fermentation. Environmental conditions can influence the growth of bacteria that produce biogenic amines. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth ofBacillus subtilisT9-05 isolated from fish sauce.Bacillus subtilisT9-05 was grown in tryptic soy broth with the treatment of pH (5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) and salt concentration (0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12% (w/v)) and the growing colonies were counted by the total plate count (TPC) method. Bacterial growth was also observed using different temperatures (25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, and 45°C). Differences in pH conditions and salt concentration significantly affected the growth ofBacillus subtilisT9-05. The highest growth ofBacillus subtilisT9-05 was achieved at pH 7-8 and a salt concentration of 0-1%.Bacillus subtilisT9-05 is classified as halotolerant bacteria.Bacillus subtilisT9-05 could be categorized as mesophilic bacteria based on its optimal growth rate of 35°C.
Synthesis of butyl cinnamate using enzymatic membrane reactor in a free solvent system
Authors: Listiarini H , Budijanto S , Andarwulan N , Nuraida L , Sitanggang A B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cinnamic acid is a phenolic compound that has the potential to act as a natural antioxidant. Cinnamic acid esterification can be performed by adding alcohol as an alkyl group donor. This esterification is carried out to increase the antioxidant capacity of cinnamic acid. Esterification of cinnamic acid with butanol as the alkyl group donor was the best condition to modify cinnamic acid. In this study, the synthesis of butyl cinnamate using a enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) is carried out continuously with Lipozyme TL IM as the catalyst. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for the synthesis of butyl cinnamate using various concentrations of cinnamic acid, biocatalyst, residence time, and the presence of molecular sieves. The synthesis of butyl cinnamate at 40°C was optimum when molecular sieves were present with 0.01 M cinnamic acid concentration, 1% (w/v) biocatalyst, and 12 h of residence time.
Institutional transformation of the food security agency: perspectives on the management of Toko Tani Indonesia program in Central Java
Authors: Sutrisno J , Marwanti S , Ulfa A N , Nurhidayati I , Putri H A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Food security is a condition for the fulfillment of food for the state to individuals. One of the government’s efforts in achieving resilience is implemented through the Toko Tani Indonesia (TTI) program which plays a role in summarizing the supply chain. This study aims to analyze the evaluation of implementation, as well as responses to institutional changes in the sustainability of TTI. The key informants of the research were 13 people from the Food Service (Province, Semarang City, Grobogan Regency, and Sukoharjo), farmer associations (Gapoktan), and TTI. Data analysis using the Miles-Huberman technique. The results show that the implementation of TTI went well only in 2016-2020, because in 2021 there was a change in institutions from the Food Security Agency to the National Food Agency so the number of TTI decreased. This program is very useful in meeting the food needs of the community, so an evaluation is needed for equitable distribution of profits of all supply chain actors because the price targeted by the government cannot cover management costs. Preferably, the pricing policy is adjusted for cost expenditures but still below the market price. Furthermore, the sustainability of the Central Java TTI will still depend on central policies.
How Averages Became Normal
Authors: Crowley John E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Averages became a distinctive form of information in early modern European culture, first in commercial arithmetic, then in natural philosophy, demography, political economy, and eventually in eclectic social analysis. Averaging, in the modern sense of calculating an arithmetic mean by adding up the individual values of cases in a set and then dividing that total by the number of cases, provided an empirical and heuristic resource for understanding planetary orbits, fertility and mortality rates, experimental results in natural philosophy, fiscal resources, the return on stock market investments, the relative profitability of crops, incomes and the cost of living, and even the trivia of daily life. Averaging created a new class of fact—precisely typifying information that varied. By the Enlightenment, averages had become a respectable, readily deployed, form of fact, giving unity to the variety of experience and knowledge. Averages became a metaphor of credibility and normality.
In situcharacterization of the agglutination of lectins via cross-linking of carbohydrates by time-resolved measurement of forward static light scattering
Authors: Ogata Makoto , Onoda Takashi , Wakamatsu Takashi 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTWe present real-time observations of a structurally variable process for cross-linking agglutination between multivalent lectins and glycoclusters using a small-angle forward static light scattering (F-SLS) technique. In this study, a cross-linking agglutination reaction was carried out using a tetravalent Neu5Acα2,6LacNAc-glycocluster and Sambucus sieboldiana agglutinin (SSA). The scattering intensity of time-resolved F-SLS increased with formation of the Neu5Acα2,6LacNAc-glycocluster—SSA cross-linked complex. Using this approach, fine sequential cross-linking agglutination between glycoclusters and lectins was observed in real-time. The rate of increase in the intensity of time-resolved F-SLS increased with the concentration of sialo-glycoclusters and SSA. Structural analysis based on the fractal dimension using time-resolved F-SLS patterns revealed that the density of the aggregates changed with progression of the cross-linking reaction until equilibrium was reached. This is the first report to evaluate the cross-linking agglutination reaction between glycoclusters and lectins and analysis of the subsequent structure of the obtained aggregates using time-resolved measurements of F-SLS.