bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient pulmonary nodules classification using radiomics and different artificial intelligence strategies
Authors: Saied Mohamed , Raafat Mourad , Yehia Sherif , Khalil Magdy M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to explore and develop artificial intelligence approaches for efficient classification of pulmonary nodules based on CT scans.

Materials and methods
A number of 1007 nodules were obtained from 551 patients of LIDC-IDRI dataset. All nodules were cropped into 64 × 64 PNG images , and preprocessing was carried out to clean the image from surrounding non-nodular structure. In machine learning method, texture Haralick and local binary pattern features were extracted. Four features were selected using principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm before running classifiers. In deep learning, a simple CNN model was constructed and transfer learning was applied using VGG-16 and VGG-19, DenseNet-121 and DenseNet-169 and ResNet as pre-trained models with fine tuning.

Results
In statistical machine learning method, the optimal AUROC was 0.885 ± 0.024 with random forest classifier and the best accuracy was 0.819 ± 0.016 with support vector machine. In deep learning, the best accuracy reached 90.39% with DenseNet-121 model and the best AUROC was 96.0%, 95.39% and 95.69% with simple CNN, VGG-16 and VGG-19, respectively. The best sensitivity reached 90.32% using DenseNet-169 and the best specificity attained was 93.65% when applying the DenseNet-121 and ResNet-152V2.

Conclusion
Deep learning methods with transfer learning showed several benefits over statistical learning in terms of nodule prediction performance and saving efforts and time in training large datasets. SVM and DenseNet-121 showed the best performance when compared with their counterparts. There is still more room for improvement, especially when more data can be trained and lesion volume is represented in 3D.

Clinical relevance statement
Machine learning methods offer unique opportunities and open new venues in clinical diagnosis of lung cancer. The deep learning approach has been more accurate than statistical learning methods. SVM and DenseNet-121 showed superior performance in pulmonary nodule classification.

Graphical abstract
Technical aspects of inter-recti distance measurement with ultrasonographic imaging for physiotherapy purposes: the scoping review
Authors: Opala-Berdzik Agnieszka , Rudek-Zeprzałka Magdalena , Niesporek Justyna , Cebula Maciej , Baron Jan , Gruszczyńska Katarzyna , Pascoal Augusto Gil , Mota Patrícia , Chmielewska Daria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Inter-recti distance (IRD) measurement using musculoskeletal USI has been used in physiotherapy research, in particular, to investigate pregnancy-related diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) and to seek its effective treatment methods. Severe and untreated diastasis may result in the formation of umbilical or epigastric hernias.

Objective
This study aimed to systematically map physiotherapy-related research articles that included descriptions of IRD measurement procedures using USI to present their similarities and differences, and formulate recommendations on the procedure.

Design
A scoping review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, including 49 of 511 publications from three major databases. Publications were selected and screened by two independent reviewers whose decisions were consulted with a third reviewer. The main synthesized data items were: the examinees’ body position, breathing phase, measurement sites, and DRA screening methods. The final conclusions and recommendations were the result of a consensus between seven reviewers from four research centers.

Results
Studies used 1–5 measurement sites that were differently determined. IRD was measured at the umbilicus (n = 3), at its superior (n = 16) and/or inferior border (n = 9), and at different levels: between 2 and 12 cm above the umbilicus, or a third of the distance and halfway between the umbilicus and xiphoid (n = 37); between 2 and 4.5 cm below the umbilicus or halfway between the umbilicus and pubis (n = 27). Different approaches were used to screen subjects for DRA.

Conclusions
The discrepancies between the measurement procedures prevent between-study comparisons. The DRA screening method should be standardized. IRD measurement protocol standardization has been proposed.

Critical relevance statement
This scoping review indicates that the inter-recti distance measurement procedures using ultrasound imaging differ between studies, preventing between-study comparisons. Based on the results synthesis, the measurement protocol standardization has been proposed.

Key points

The inter-recti distance measurement procedures using USI differ between studies.

Proposed standardization concerns body position, breathing phase, measurements number per location.

Determination of measurement locations considering individual linea alba length is suggested.

Recommended locations: umbilical top, ½ of umbilical top-xiphoid, ¼ of umbilical top-xiphoid/pubis distances.

Diastasis recti abdominis diagnostic criteria are needed for proposed measurement locations.

Graphical Abstract
Hospital-based clinicians lack knowledge and comfort in initiating medications for opioid use disorder: opportunities for training innovation
Authors: Jakubowski Andrea , Singh-Tan Sumeet , Torres-Lockhart Kristine , Nahvi Shadi , Stein Melissa , Fox Aaron D. , Lu Tiffany 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Hospital-based clinicians infrequently initiate medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) for hospitalized patients. Our objective was to understand hospital-based clinicians’ knowledge, comfort, attitudes, and motivations regarding MOUD initiation to target quality improvement initiatives.

Methods
General medicine attending physicians and physician assistants at an academic medical center completed questionnaires eliciting barriers to MOUD initiation, including knowledge, comfort, attitudes and motivations regarding MOUD. We explored whether clinicians who had initiated MOUD in the prior 12 months differed in knowledge, comfort, attitudes, and motivations from those who had not.

Results
One-hundred forty-three clinicians completed the survey with 55% reporting having initiated MOUD for a hospitalized patient during the prior 12 months. Common barriers to MOUD initiation were: (1) Not enough experience (86%); (2) Not enough training (82%); (3) Need for more addiction specialist support (76%). Overall, knowledge of and comfort with MOUD was low, but motivation to address OUD was high. Compared to MOUD non-initiators, a greater proportion of MOUD initiators answered knowledge questions correctly, agreed or strongly agreed that they wanted to treat OUD (86% vs. 68%, p = 0.009), and agreed or strongly agreed that treatment of OUD with medication was more effective than without medication (90% vs. 75%, p = 0.022).

Conclusions
Hospital-based clinicians had favorable attitudes toward MOUD and are motivated to initiate MOUD, but they lacked knowledge of and comfort with MOUD initiation. To increase MOUD initiation for hospitalized patients, clinicians will need additional training and specialist support.
Genetic mutations in HER2-positive breast cancer: possible association with response to trastuzumab therapy
Authors: Zakaria Nermine H. , Hashad Doaa , Saied Marwa H. , Hegazy Neamat , Elkayal Alyaa , Tayae Eman 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
HER2-positive breast cancer occurs in 15–20% of breast cancer patients and is characterized by poor prognosis. Trastuzumab is considered the key drug for treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. It improves patient survival; however, resistance to trastuzumab remains a challenge in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Therefore, the prediction of response to trastuzumab is crucial to choose optimal treatment regimens. The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants that could predict response to anti-HER2-targeted therapy (trastuzumab) using next-generation sequencing.

Method
Genetic variants in the hotspot regions of 17 genes were studied in 24 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples using Ion S5 next-generation sequencing system. FFPE samples were collected from HER2‑positive breast cancer patients previously treated with anti‑HER2‑targeted treatment (Trastuzumab). Patients were divided into two groups; trastuzumab-sensitive group and trastuzumab-resistant group based on their response to targeted therapy.

Results
We identified 29 genetic variants in nine genes that only occurred in trastuzumab-resistant patients and could be associated with resistance to targeted therapy including TP53, ATM, RB1, MLH1, SMARCB1, SMO, GNAS, CDH1, and VHL. Four variants out of these 29 variants were repeated in more than one patient; two variants in TP53, one variant in ATM gene, and the last variant in RB1 gene. In addition, three genes were found to be mutated only in resistant patients; MLH1, SMARCB1 and SMO genes. Moreover, one novel allele (c.407A > G, p. Gln136Arg) was detected within exon 4 of TP53 gene in one resistant patient.

Conclusion
NGS sequencing is a useful tool to detect genetic variants that could predict response to trastuzumab therapy.
Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages: the Yellow River Basin in Henan Province, China
Authors: Feng Yan , Wei Hong , Huang Yi , Li Jingwen , Mu Zhanqiang , Kong Dezheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Henan Province is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and one of the earliest human settlements, which means that the area has an important national cultural heritage. Traditional villages are an important facet of this cultural heritage, and studying their spatiotemporal characteristics in different periods has important theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable development and protection of cultural heritage in the region. This paper takes the traditional villages of the Yellow River basin in Henan Province that were formed before 1919 as the research object. Information on the ancient river was obtained through a literature search as well as via field research, and the important tributaries of the Yellow River in different periods were mapped using ArcGIS 10.0 software. The nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse and other methods were adopted to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the traditional villages. The factors that influenced the evolution of traditional villages were explored in depth by combining changes in the course of the river and water conservancy projects. The results show that the formation of traditional villages along the Yellow River in Henan Province has experienced a historical track of growth, contraction, growth and prosperity and stability. The traditional villages along the Yellow River in Henan Province generally show a clustered pattern, forming a dense concentration of traditional villages in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The center of gravity shows a migration trend from southeast to northwest. In terms of influencing factors, the spatiotemporal evolution of the relationship between villages and their distance to water is closely related to climatic fluctuations, changes in channel, water conservancy projects and social and cultural factors. This paper deepens our understanding of the relationship between traditional village evolution and watersheds by improving the consistency between village spatial distribution and historical geography and provides a useful theoretical reference for the sustainable development of China’s traditional villages.
Low-radiation dose XRF excited by MeV protons for cultural heritage samples
Authors: Oguri Yoshiyuki , Fukuda Hitoshi , Hasegawa Jun , Hagura Naoto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, we tested a setup of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) excited by proton-induced quasi-monochromatic X-rays (proton-induced XRF (PIXRF)) as a low-radiation dose analytical technique for precious cultural heritage samples. The low-dose performance of the PIXRF is experimentally assessed in comparison with the performance of a conventional XRF. For this assessment, we prepared test samples, which simulated original Japanese paintings with copper-bearing pigments. By introducing a figure-of-merit, the PIXRF is found to potentially give a better performance in terms of the radiation dose to the sample and the limit of detection, albeit the degraded multi-elemental analytical capability. PIXRF can be a cost-effective method to perform low dose measurements of precious samples, if introduced in an existing PIXE facility.
An archaeometric contribution to the interpretation of blue-green glass beads from Iron age Central Italy
Authors: Yatsuk Oleh , Koch Leonie , Gorghinian Astrik , Fiocco Giacomo , Davit Patrizia , Giannossa Lorena Carla , Mangone Annarosa , Francone Serena , Serges Alessandra , Re Alessandro , Lo Giudice Alessandro , Ferretti Marco , Malagodi Marco , Iaia Cristiano , Gulmini Monica 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Several types of (mostly) blue-green glass beads from Iron-Age archaeological sites in Central Italy were studied using a range of spectroscopic techniques: portable X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry, Fibre Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry, micro-Raman spectroscopy and Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Complementary information was gathered from each technique and discussed in the frame of the archaeological typology of the objects. The systematic evaluation of the results allowed us to draw some conclusions on the raw materials employed for primary production and to highlight some provenance indicators in the glass. Some of the beads found in the Iron Age (IA) contexts were preliminarily attributed to the Final Bronze Age (FBA) production based on their typology, and the compositional data obtained in this work confirmed that they were low magnesium high potassium (LMHK) glass, typical of FBA in the Italian peninsula. Other beads were assigned to low magnesium glass (LMG) or high magnesium glass (HMG), thus giving further information on the fluxing agents employed in the Early Iron Age (EIA) and beyond. Colour variations among the beads reflected their chemical composition, with different bead typologies coloured in a specific way. In some instances, it was possible to establish different origins for the colouring raw materials. The provenance of the samples was difficult to place, but the chemical evidence suggested a subdivision within the raw glass used to produce the beads: for one set of samples, a local origin of the glass could be hypothesised, whereas several production sites in the Near East were suggested for most of the beads considered in this study. Some preliminary clues for the local working of imported glass were also highlighted for one typological group.
Duodenojejunostomy for endoscopic management of biliary enteric anastomotic stricture inaccessible via balloon-assisted endoscopy: a case report
Authors: Sakamoto Shinya , Sui Kenta , Tabuchi Motoyasu , Okabayashi Takehiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Stricture formation is a long-term complication of biliary enteric anastomosis (BEA). BEA stricture often causes recurrent cholangitis and lithiasis, can significantly affect quality of life, and promote the development of life-threatening complications. In this report, duodenojejunostomy and subsequent endoscopic management as an alternative surgical technique for strictures of the BEA is described.

Case presentation
Case 1: An 84-year-old man who underwent left hepatic trisectionectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma 6 years prior presented with fever and jaundice. Computed tomography (CT) revealed intrahepatic lithiasis. The patient was diagnosed with postoperative cholangitis secondary to intrahepatic lithiasis. Balloon-assisted endoscopy could not reach the anastomotic site, and stent insertion failed. A biliary access route was hence created via duodenojejunostomy. After the jejunal limb and duodenal bulb were identified, duodenojejunostomy was performed using a side-to-side continuous layer-to-layer suture. The patient was discharged without serious complications. Endoscopic management through duodenojejunostomy was successfully performed, and intrahepatic stones were completely removed.
Case 2: A 75-year-old man who underwent bile duct resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma 6 years prior was diagnosed with postoperative cholangitis due to intrahepatic lithiasis. Removal of the intrahepatic stones was attempted using balloon-assisted endoscopy; however, the endoscope could not reach the anastomotic site. The patient underwent duodenojejunostomy and subsequent endoscopic management. The patient was discharged without complications. Two weeks after the operation, the patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography through the duodenojejunostomy and the intrahepatic lithiasis was removed.

Conclusions
Duodenojejunostomy allows easy endoscopic access to a BEA. Duodenojejunostomy and subsequent endoscopic management may be an alternative treatment option in patients with BEA strictures that are inaccessible via balloon-assisted endoscopy.
Exercise and Prediabetes After Renal Transplantation (EXPRED-I): A Prospective Study
Authors: Morales Febles Raúl , Marrero Miranda Domingo , Jiménez Sosa Alejandro , González Rinne Ana , Cruz Perera Coriolano , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Ana Elena , Álvarez González Alejandra , Díaz Martín Laura , Negrín Mena Natalia , Acosta Sørensen Cristian , Pérez Tamajón Lourdes , Rodríguez Hernández Aurelio , González Rinne Federico , Dorta González Aday , Ledesma Pérez Eusebio , González Delgado Alejandra , Domínguez-Rodríguez Alberto , García Baute Maria del Carmen , Torres Ramírez Armando , Porrini Esteban 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) beyond 12 months (late PTDM) is a severe complication after renal transplantation. Late PTDM develops mostly in subjects with prediabetes. Although exercise may have a potential role in preventing late PTDM, there are no previous data on the effect of exercise in patients with prediabetes.

Material and Methods
The design was a 12-month exploratory study to test the capacity of exercise in reverting prediabetes in order to prevent late-PTDM. The outcome was the reversibility of prediabetes, assessed every 3 months with oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). The protocol included an incremental plan of aerobic and/or strength training as well as an active plan for promoting adherence (telephone calls, digital technology, and visits). A priori, a sample size cannot be calculated which makes this an exploratory analysis. Based on previous studies, the spontaneous reversibility of prediabetes was 30% and the reversibility induced by exercise will account for another 30%, a total reversibility of 60% (p value < 0.05, assuming a potency of 85%). Ad interim analysis was performed during follow-up to test the certainty of this sample calculation. Patients beyond 12 months after renal transplantation with prediabetes were included.

Results
The study was interrupted early due to efficacy after the evaluation of the follow-up of 27 patients. At the end of follow-up, 16 (60%) patients reverted to normal glucose levels at fasting (from 102.13 mg/dL ± 11 to 86.75 ± 6.9, p = 0.006) and at 120 min after the OGTTs (154.44 mg/dL ± 30 to 113.0 ± 13.1, p = 0.002) and 11 patients had persistent prediabetes (40%). Also, insulin sensitivity improved with the reversibility of prediabetes, compared to those with persistent prediabetes: 0.09 [0.08–0.11] versus 0.04 [0.01–0.07], p = 0.001 (Stumvoll index). Most needed at least one increment in the prescription of exercise and compliance. Finally, measures aimed at the improvement of compliance were successful in 22 (80%) patients.

Conclusion
Exercise training was effective to improve glucose metabolism in renal transplant patients with prediabetes. Exercise prescription must be conducted considering both the clinical characteristics of the patients and pre-defined strategy to promote adherence. The trial registration number of the study was NCT04489043.
The use of polarized light in the zonal orientation of the sandhopper Talitrus saltator (Montagu)
Authors: Ugolini Alberto , Hariyama Takahiko , Wilcockson David C. , Mercatelli Luca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is well known that the celestial polarization is used as a compass cue by many species of insects and crustaceans. Although it has been shown that the sandhopper Talitrus saltator perceives polarized light and possesses an arrangement of the rhabdomeres that could allow e-vector interpretation and utilization, T. saltator does not use the e-vector of the skylight polarization as a compass cue when making excursions along the sea–land axis of sandy shores. We performed tests in confined conditions to clarify if skylight polarization is somehow involved in the zonal recovery of T. saltator. We observed the directional responses of sandhoppers in a transparent bowl under an artificial sky (an opaline Plexiglas dome). The bowl was covered by a blue gelatin filter with a grey filter (control condition) and a linear polarizing filter (experimental conditions) positioned under the blue one in such a way as to occupy half of the upper surface of the Plexiglas bowl so as to create a linear polarization gradient. Our experiments confirm that T. saltator perceives polarized light and highlight that this visual capability determines the perception, or perhaps the increase, of the radiance and/or spectral gradient and their use as compass cues in the zonal orientation. Moreover, our findings confirm that the radiance gradient is used as a chronometric compass orienting reference in the absence of other celestial orienting cues.
Left bundle branch area pacing with stylet-driven pacing leads: implantation technique
Authors: Yu Ga-In , Kim Tae-Hoon , Yu Hee Tae , Joung Boyoung , Pak Hui-Nam , Lee Moon-Hyoung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Traditional right ventricular apical pacing can cause electrical–mechanical dyssynchrony. Therefore, physiological conduction system pacing was considered and became the reason for developing His bundle pacing (HBP). Recently, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has been implemented, which overcomes the shortcomings of HBP. Most initial large LBBAP studies reported that LBBAP was achieved through a lumenless pacing lead (LLL) with a fixed helix design; however, it is unavailable in Korea. LBBAP delivery sheaths using a conventional standard stylet-driven pacing lead (SDL) with an extendable helix design are currently available in Korea. In this review, we describe the methods and procedural skills required to perform the LBBAP using conventional SDL.

Main body
LBBAP has emerged as a new physiological CSP modality and has shown a stable and lower capture threshold and achieved a similarly paced QRS duration compared to HBP. It has also demonstrated stable early outcomes for feasibility and safety with a high success rate. Furthermore, the application of LBBAP has recently been extended to a resynchronization strategy. The LBBAP with SDL requires different handling and lead preparation owing to differences in lead and helix designs. Reported procedure-related acute complications of LBBAP include septal perforation during the procedure, pneumothorax, pocket infection, pocket hematoma, and lead dislodgements occurring during follow-up.

Conclusion
LBBAP with conventional SDL has similar implant success rates, procedural safety, and pacing characteristics as LBBAP with LLL. However, LBBAP with SDL requires different handling and lead preparation from that of LLL owing to the differences in the lead and helix designs.