bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G-dual Teleparallel Connections in Information Geometry
Authors: Ciaglia F. M. , Cosmo F. Di , Ibort A. , Marmo G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGiven a real, finite-dimensional, smooth parallelizable Riemannian manifold $$(\mathcal {N},G)$$

(
N
,
G
)

endowed with a teleparallel connection $$\nabla $$
∇
determined by a choice of a global basis of vector fields on $$\mathcal {N}$$
N
, we show that the G-dual connection $$\nabla ^{*}$$

∇

∗

of $$\nabla $$
∇
in the sense of Information Geometry must be the teleparallel connection determined by the basis of G-gradient vector fields associated with a basis of differential one-forms which is (almost) dual to the basis of vector fields determining $$\nabla $$
∇
. We call any such pair $$(\nabla ,\nabla ^{*})$$

(
∇
,

∇

∗

)

a G-dual teleparallel pair. Then, after defining a covariant (0, 3) tensor T uniquely determined by $$(\mathcal {N},G,\nabla ,\nabla ^{*})$$

(
N
,
G
,
∇
,

∇

∗

)

, we show that T being symmetric in the first two entries is equivalent to $$\nabla $$
∇
being torsion-free, that T being symmetric in the first and third entry is equivalent to $$\nabla ^{*}$$

∇

∗

being torsion free, and that T being symmetric in the second and third entries is equivalent to the basis vectors determining $$\nabla $$
∇
($$\nabla ^{*}$$

∇

∗

) being parallel-transported by $$\nabla ^{*}$$

∇

∗

($$\nabla $$
∇
). Therefore, G-dual teleparallel pairs provide a generalization of the notion of Statistical Manifolds usually employed in Information Geometry, and we present explicit examples of G-dual teleparallel pairs arising both in the context of both Classical and Quantum Information Geometry.
Metabolic and cardiovascular benefits and risks of 4-hydroxy guanabenz hydrochloride: α2-adrenoceptor and trace amine-associated receptor 1 ligand
Authors: Kotańska Magdalena , Marcinkowska Monika , Kuder Kamil J. , Walczak Maria , Bednarski Marek , Siwek Agata , Kołaczkowski Marcin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
α2-adrenoceptor ligands have been investigated as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of obesity. Our previous studies have shown that guanabenz reduces the body weight of obese rats, presumably through its anorectic action. This demonstrates an additional beneficial effect on selected metabolic parameters, including glucose levels. The purpose of this present research was to determine the activity of guanabenz's metabolite—4-hydroxy guanabenz hydrochloride (4-OH-Guanabenz).

Methods
We performed in silico analyses, involving molecular docking to targets of specific interest as well as other potential biological targets. In vitro investigations were conducted to assess the selectivity profile of 4-OH-Guanabenz binding to α-adrenoceptors, along with intrinsic activity studies involving α2-adrenoceptors and trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). Additionally, the effects of 4-OH-Guanabenz on the body weight of rats and selected metabolic parameters were evaluated using the diet-induced obesity model. Basic safety and pharmacokinetic parameters were also examined.

Results
4-OH-guanabenz is a partial agonist of α2A-adrenoceptor. The calculated EC50 value for it is 316.3 nM. It shows weak agonistic activity at TAAR1 too. The EC50 value for 4-OH-Guanabenz calculated after computer simulation is 330.6 µM. Its primary mode of action is peripheral. The penetration of 4-OH-Guanabenz into the brain is fast (tmax = 15 min), however, with a low maximum concentration of 64.5 ng/g. 4-OH-Guanabenz administered ip at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. to rats fed a high-fat diet causes a significant decrease in body weight (approximately 14.8% compared to the baseline weight before treatment), reduces the number of calories consumed by rats, and decreases plasma glucose and triglyceride levels.

Conclusions
The precise sequence of molecular events within the organism, linking the impact of 4-OH-Guanabenz on α2A-adrenoceptor and TAAR1 with weight reduction and the amelioration of metabolic disturbances, remains an unresolved matter necessitating further investigation. Undoubtedly, the fact that 4-OH-Guanabenz is a metabolite of a well-known drug has considerable importance, which is beneficial from an economic point of view and towards its further development as a drug candidate.
Identifying the barriers faced by medical students using virtual reality simulation
Authors: Lloyd James , Akhtar Sohail , Balaji Packianathaswamy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundVirtual reality technology is increasingly used in medical education to facilitate immersive experiences allowing users to interact with a simulated environment to foster learning. However, the potential barriers to this experience from a user perspective have not been fully explored.MethodsTwenty final-year medical students participated in answering a pre- and post-simulation questionnaire as part of a facilitated virtual reality simulation session. The questionnaire explored participants’ expectations and experiences of virtual reality, in relation to adverse effects, interest and usefulness through 0–10 rating scales. Free-text questioning was used for further discussion.ResultsRatings of all assessed adverse symptoms experienced by students were significantly lower than their expected ratings (p < 0.01), and ratings of reported usefulness and interest in virtual reality significantly increased post-simulation (p < 0.01). The median ratings given for all symptoms experienced by students were either 0 or 1/10 (none/minimal). Free-text comments raised problems of visual focussing in those who wear glasses.DiscussionOur results suggest that virtual reality is an appropriate simulation modality which is acceptable to students. Potential barriers such as cybersickness and discomfort were minimally experienced and did not impact reported usefulness. We promote the generalisability of these findings by demonstrating them on commonly used consumer equipment and a common use case.
Spatiotemporal variability of pH in coastal waters of New Brunswick (Canada) and potential consequences for oyster aquaculture
Authors: Mayrand Elise , Benhafid Zhor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is a void in the knowledge of the acidification status of Eastern Canada's coastal waters. This knowledge is crucial to evaluating the threats posed to marine life, particularly oyster farming, a flagship of New Brunswick seafood production. In this study, we measured the temporal variability of pH and related environmental parameters in three bays of Northeastern New Brunswick. We also evaluated the potential impact of the observed pH levels on the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, 1791), based on the available literature on this species’ sensitivity to acidification. We investigated the presence of inherent cycles of pH with the Fourier transform and the spectral filtering technique. Our results show that pH is highly variable in the studied area, with values ranging from 7.31 to 8.90. A seasonal effect was apparent, as the pH fluctuations were set at the lowest level in winter when the cover of ice and snow on the bay was present. The spectral analysis revealed a clear semidiurnal tidal pattern of pH, this variable being inversely related to the water level in summer and directly related to it in winter. The spectral subtraction of all the tidal components allowed the detection of a circadian rhythm that was not in pace with the alternation between day and night but rather slowly drifted so that the pH troughs occurred at night during the full moon period. Short periodicities of circa 8 and 6 h also existed in two of the three bays. Based on current knowledge of C. virginica’s sensitivity to acidification, this species’ recruitment, growth, and survival are unlikely to be impacted by the present pH levels in the studied area. However, further acidification might overcome the resilience of C. virginica, especially that of the larvae that are produced during the winter in commercial hatcheries.
The importance, orientation and key content of township-level comprehensive spatial planning in China
Authors: Peng Zhenwei , Zhang Li , Dong Shuting , Li Wenqi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOn the basis of fully understanding the key characteristics and problems of China’s township master plans, this article clarifies the requirements of the territorial spatial planning system reform for the governance system of townships and towns, urban–rural integration and high-quality development, and points out the necessity of overall planning for township-level territorial spaces in China. Then, based on the study of international experience and the division of administrative powers between county-level government and township-level government, it proposes the positioning features of overall planning for township-level territorial spaces, including the communication and implementation of municipal and county planning, innovating the control methods concerning the use of town seat space, and coordinating and guiding the formulation of detailed plans. It also indicates that the key content of overall planning for township-level territorial spaces must include natural resource management, development and utilization of territorial spaces, spatial pattern of town areas, spatial layout of town seats, management and control of village construction, etc.
Primary intraosseous osteolytic meningioma: A case report
Authors: Shafiee Sajad , kahrizsangi Fatemeh Salehi , Ahmadvand Omid , Kargar-soleimanabad Saeed , Babaee Hasan , Yazdani-cherati Reza 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
and importance: Meningioma, also known as meningeal tumor, is a primary tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Originates from arachnoid cap cells.

Case presentation
A 65-year-old female patient presented with hard, painless swelling in the right parieto-fronto-temporal region of the skull, which has been growing for the past 6 months. And computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a lytic lesion. The patient underwent a cranitotomy and Resection of tumor with safe margins were performed, after the operation, the patient was neurologically intact and the patient was discharged in stable condition after disappeared the symptoms.

Discussion
Extradural meningiomas make up a small percentage, approximately 1–2%, of all meningiomas, This type of mass comprise a small percentage of all meningiomas, with primary intraosseous meningiomas commonly found in frontotemporal orbits, anterior cranial fossa, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, neck, and petrous region of the temporal.

Conclusion
Here we present a case of primary intraosseous meningiomas although the origin of this tumor is not well understood, but usually present with the osteoblastic type or osteolytic lesion in rere case.

Highlights
Multi-population mortality modelling: a Bayesian hierarchical approach
Authors: Shi Jianjie , Shi Yanlin , Wang Pengjie , Zhu Dan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModelling mortality co-movements for multiple populations has significant implications for mortality/longevity risk management. This paper assumes that multiple populations are heterogeneous sub-populations randomly drawn from a hypothetical super-population. Those heterogeneous sub-populations may exhibit various patterns of mortality dynamics across different age groups. We propose a hierarchical structure of these age patterns to ensure the model stability and use a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to fit the co-movements over time. Especially, a structural analysis based on the VECM is implemented to investigate potential interdependence among mortality dynamics of the examined populations. An efficient Bayesian Markov Chain Monte-Carlo method is also developed to estimate the unknown parameters to address the computational complexity. Our empirical application to the mortality data collected for the Group of Seven nations demonstrates the efficacy of our approach.
Compensation Thresholds for Collective Sales: Singapore & Australia Compared
Authors: Ti Edward Seng Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStrata titles are a critically important Australian legal export. New South Wales’ (NSW) strata legislation has been particularly influential, having been adopted in numerous jurisdictions, including Singapore in 1967. As a statutory framework, strata law solves the problem of ‘floating freeholds’ by creating indefeasible ownership of individual units in a building, guides owners in managing the development, and sets out the dispute resolution process when disagreements occur.In an increasing number of jurisdictions (including Singapore and three states in Australia), strata legislation also enables the strata scheme to be terminated and sold for redevelopment where the requisite majority, as opposed to an unanimity of subsidiary proprietors’ consent to the sale. Strata law imposes compensation thresholds that must minimally be paid to dissenting owners. In Singapore, the rule is that no minority owner should suffer a ‘financial loss,’ while in NSW and Western Australia (WA), this amount is pegged to what the owner would theoretically have obtained had the unit been acquired compulsorily by the state. In this article, I compare strata law in Singapore, NSW, and WA in relation to compensation thresholds and explain why the Australian market value standard should also be adequate to compensate unit owners in Singapore.
Asian Criminology: Its Contribution in Linking Global North and South
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Jianhong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, Asian criminology and Southern criminology have drawn scholarly attention to the profound divide between Western and non-Western societies, or the Global North and Global South, in criminological knowledge production. Perspectives from Asian and Southern criminology expose these divides and propose critical ways to correct the hegemony of Western over non-Western, or Northern over Southern, knowledge production. For the contemporary movement of decolonization of knowledge, a particular contribution of Asian criminology is to link Western and non-Western, or Northern and Southern, criminological science. As Sandra Walklate concluded, “Asian criminology … stands at the positive intersection of the north–south and east–west in terms of geography and culture. It is well placed to think differently, both conceptually and methodologically, about the criminological enterprise, and the debates that such different thinking might generate.” This article reviews the divide in criminology between the Global North and South. Based on the framework of the Asian criminological paradigm, Asian criminology has made major contributions to bridging the divide between the North and the South through academic institutionalization and theoretical development strategies.
Women's Activism and Mobilization in Wartime China: Cadre Training, National Economic Production, and Workers’ Literacy (1937–1945)
Authors: Ferlanti Federica 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe mobilization of women pursued by the Women's Advisory Committee (Funü zhidao weiyuanhui 婦女指導委員會) during the war against Japan (1937–1945) has mainly been associated with the wider war effort in the country and resistance to the enemy. This article takes a different viewpoint and argues that the programs implemented by women activists in this committee looked beyond the immediate wartime necessity and tried to secure also long-term gains for women. The mobilization transcended traditional gender roles of wives and mothers and paid particular attention to the involvement of middle- and lower-class women. This article examines women's activism and mobilization in the context of three main areas: first, the women's cadre training in the wartime capital Chongqing and in provinces and counties across China; second, the national economic production; and third, the literacy campaigns conducted among women factory workers. It concludes that women activists knowingly used the wartime crisis to provide fellow women with the tools for securing economic and social independence while addressing the wartime emergencies.
Typologies of duocentric networks among low-income newlywed couples
Authors: Kennedy David P. , Bradbury Thomas N. , Karney Benjamin R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe social networks surrounding intimate couples provide them with bonding and bridging social capital and have been theorized to be associated with their well-being and relationship quality. These networks are multidimensional, featuring compositional (e.g., the proportion of family members vs. friends) and structural characteristics (e.g., density, degree of overlap between spouses’ networks). Most previous studies of couple networks are based on partners’ global ratings of their network characteristics or network data collected from one member of the dyad. This study presents the analysis of “duocentric networks" or the combined personal networks of both members of a couple, collected from 207 mixed-sex newlywed couples living in low-income neighborhoods of Harris County, TX. We conducted a pattern-centric analysis of compositional and structural features to identify distinct types of couple networks. We identified five qualitatively distinct network types (wife family-focused, husband family-focused, shared friends, wife friend-focused, and extremely disconnected). Couples’ network types were associated with the quality of the relationships between couples and their network contacts (e.g., emotional support) but not with the quality of the couples’ relationship with each other. We argue that duocentric networks provide appropriate data for measuring bonding and bridging capital in couple networks.
The Making of a Mantra: Americans’ Racial Ideologies in the Era of Black, Blue, and All Lives Matter
Authors: Smith Candis Watts 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn any racialized social system, a dominant racial ideology will emerge to uphold it, but it is always contested by and in dialog with others. This article leverages conversations around Black Lives Matter, All Lives Matter, and Blue Lives Matter as a site of racetalk. By moving beyond narrow conceptualizations and measures of racial attitudes, this paper pinpoints a myriad of racially based frameworks, or ways of talking and thinking about structural racism, white grievance, state-sanctioned social control, and the matter of Black lives. It analyzes 1,000 Americans’ open-ended responses to a question around these contested mantras with the Fightin’ Words algorithm alongside an inductive analysis to illuminate the use of circulating racial ideologies. In addition to outlining the components of four racial ideologies—colorblind racism, diversity ideology, white protectionism, and anti-racism—the article assesses how they are deployed among Americans to uphold or challenge the racial status quo.
Behavioural strategies to reduce obesity among lower socio-economic adults living in high-income countries: a Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Li Priscilla , Huang Yingxiao , Wong Alvin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdult obesity disproportionately affects lower socio-economic groups in high-income countries and perpetuates health inequalities, imposing health and socio-economic burden. This review evaluates the effectiveness of behavioural strategies in reducing weight and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks among low-income groups based in high-income countries. We searched major databases for randomised controlled trials published between 1 November 2011 and 1 May 2023. Meta-analyses and subgroup analyses were undertaken to analyse the pooled and individual effects of behavioural strategies. Cochrane Risk of bias (RoB 2·0) tool and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used to assess the quality and certainty of evidence. Fourteen trials (3618 adults, aged 40·2 ± 9·7 years with BMI 33·6 ± 2·8 kg/m2) and nine unique interventions were identified. Three trials with high RoB were omitted. Meta-analysis favoured interventions, demonstrating significant reductions in body weight (MD: −1·56 kg, (95 % CI –2·09, −1·03)) and HbA1c (MD: −0·05 %, (95 % CI − 0·10, −0·001)) at intervention end. Sub-group analysis showed no differences in waist circumference, blood pressure or serum lipids. Financial incentives and interactive feedback produced greatest amounts of weight losses ≥ 2 kg (GRADE: moderate). Behavioural strategies are effective weight loss interventions among lower socio-economic groups living in high-income nations. However, the impact on CVD risk remains unclear.
African Forest elephants persist in Guinea-Bissau but require an emergency conservation plan
Authors: Palma Luís , Godinho Raquel , Quecuta Quebá , Mereck Tomé , Mandeck João , Uri Só Teli , Cancela Juan Pablo , Beja Pedro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe status of the forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis in Guinea-Bissau has been in doubt since the last assessment in 2006. In 2020–2022 we carried out field surveys to update the species' status. We found elephant signs within an area of c. 1,000 km2. Microsatellite genotyping of faeces identified four males. Females could not be individually identified but their presence was confirmed by molecular sex determination. Camera trapping (2,075 camera-trap days) recorded 824 photos in 24 independent sequences, involving three males and two presumed females. The continued presence of elephants in Guinea-Bissau raises hope for the species in the region, but urgent efforts are needed to refine population range and size estimates, increase protected area coverage, and reduce ongoing and impending habitat loss. An emergency conservation action plan is a priority.
Improvised bespoke technique for atrial septostomy in the shortage of atrioseptostomy balloon catheters
Authors: Haddad Raymond N. , Alawadhi Zainab , Al Soufi Mahmoud , Kasem Mohamed 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAtrioseptostomy balloon catheter is an essential item to have on our shelves. However, the recall and shortage in production of the commonly used balloon atrioseptostomy catheters posed an imminent threat to our patients. Herein, we present the case of a newborn with a post-natal diagnosis of simple transposition of great arteries and restrictive atrial communication where repeated static balloon atrial septostomy using a 9 mm x 20 mm Sterling balloon failed to improve his status. We had to improvise per-operatively a new bespoke technique to perform a vital pull-through balloon atrial septostomy. The distal third of a 10 mm x 20 mm semi-compliant Cristal balloon was exteriorised out the tip of a 6-Fr 55 cm Cook Flexor sheath in the left atrium, and both were simultaneously pulled back to the right atrium to create an 8 mm septal defect. The procedure was successful without any complications. The baby was weaned off prostaglandin on day 3 and surgically repaired on day 5 with excellent results.