bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the refined Distance Conjecture
Authors: Rudelius Tom 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Distance Conjecture of Ooguri and Vafa holds that any infinite-distance limit in the moduli space of a quantum gravity theory must be accompanied by a tower of exponentially light particles, which places tight constraints on the low-energy effective field theories in these limits. One attempt to extend these constraints to the interior of moduli space is the refined Distance Conjecture, which holds that the towers of light particles predicted by the Distance Conjecture must appear any time a modulus makes a super-Planckian excursion in moduli space. In this note, however, we point out that a tower which satisfies the Distance Conjecture in an infinite-distance limit of moduli space may be parametrically heavier than the Planck scale for an arbitrarily long geodesic distance. This means that the refined Distance Conjecture, in its most naive form, does not place meaningful constraints on low-energy effective field theory. This motivates alternative refinements of the Distance Conjecture, which place an absolute upper bound on the tower mass scale in the interior of moduli space. We explore two possibilities, providing evidence for them and briefly discussing their implications.
Spectral Convergence of the Laplace Operator with Robin Boundary Conditions on a Small Hole
Authors: Barseghyan Diana , Schneider Baruch 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study a bounded domain with a small hole removed. Our main result concerns the spectrum of the Laplace operator with the Robin conditions imposed at the hole boundary. Moreover, we prove that under some suitable assumptions on the parameter in the boundary condition, the spectrum of the Laplacian converges in the Hausdorff distance sense to the spectrum of the Laplacian defined on the unperturbed domain.
Interface potential in composites with general imperfect transmission conditions
Authors: Amar M. , Andreucci D. , Timofte C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe model analyzed in this paper has its origins in the description of composites made by a hosting medium containing a periodic array of inclusions coated by a thin layer consisting of sublayers of two different materials. This two-phase coating material is such that the external part has a low diffusivity in the orthogonal direction, while the internal one has high diffusivity along the tangential direction. In a previous paper (Amar in IFB 21:41–59, 2019), by means of a concentration procedure, the internal layer was replaced by an imperfect interface. The present paper is concerned with the concentration of the external coating layer and the homogenization, via the periodic unfolding method, of the resulting model, which is far from being a standard one. Despite the fact that the limit problem looks like a classical Dirichlet problem for an elliptic equation, in the construction of the homogenized matrix and of the source term, a very delicate analysis is required.
Genesis of copper mineralization in the polymetallic tin deposits from the Herberton Mineral Field, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Kumar Avish , Sanislav Ioan , Martin Laure , Aleshin Matvei , Dirks Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Herberton Mineral Field hosts multiple small-scale, polymetallic Sn-Cu and Sn-Zn deposits. The Baal Gammon and Isabel polymetallic deposits in the Herberton Mineral Field contain early Sn that is overprinted by sulfides. At Baal Gammon, the sulfide overprinting is Cu-In-rich, whereas Isabel is a Zn-Pb-In-rich system. These deposits are hosted in the meta-sedimentary rocks of the Hodgkinson Formation and the porphyry dikes and volcanic rocks of the Kennedy Igneous Association. Primary Sn in these deposits occurs as cassiterite, which was altered to stannite during sulfide mineralization. The sulfide ores from Baal Gammon consist of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and minor sphalerite, and sphalerite, galena, and minor chalcopyrite are observed at Isabel. Chalcopyrite from Baal Gammon contains on average 609 ppm Ag, 1194 ppm In, and 1410 ppm Sn, whereas chalcopyrite from the Isabel deposit contains on average 2302 ppm Ag, 725 ppm In, and 1042 ppm Sn. Sulfur isotope (δ34S) measurements of in-situ chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite mineral pairs show limited variation and low values that are indicative of a magmatic sulfur source with limited interaction with sulfur from connate and meteoric fluids during mineralization. The chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite δ34S values at the Baal Gammon deposit vary between 0.99–1.91‰ and 1.35–2.48‰, respectively. The δ34S values at the Isabel deposit vary between 0.91–1.45‰ for chalcopyrite and 1.12–2.11‰ for pyrrhotite. The trace element composition of major sulfides and sulfur isotopes of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite combined with thermodynamic modeling indicates that the mineralizing fluids at the Baal Gammon and Isabel deposits have an igneous source, where the metals were transported as metal-chloride complexes at low pH (< 5) and below ~ 300 °C. The source of these sulfide-rich mineralizing fluids is most likely derived from the magmatic activity associated with the emplacement of the Slaughter Yard Creek Volcanics during a period of crustal thinning between 300 and 280 Ma.
Bone morphology features associated with knee kinematics may not be predictive of ACL elongation during high‐demand activities
Authors: Nukuto Koji , Gale Tom , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Musahl Volker , Anderst William 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeBony morphology has been proposed as a potential risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The relationship between bony morphology, knee kinematics, and ACL elongation during high‐demand activities remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if bone morphology features that have been associated with ACL injury risk and knee kinematics are also predictive of ACL elongation during fast running and double‐legged drop jump.MethodsNineteen healthy athletes performed fast running and double‐legged drop jump within a biplane radiography imaging system. Knee kinematics and ACL elongation were measured bilaterally after using a validated registration process to track bone motion in the radiographs and after identifying ACL attachment sites on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bony morphological features of lateral posterior tibial slope (LPTS), medial tibial plateau (MTP) depth, and lateral femoral condyle anteroposterior width (LCAP)/lateral tibial plateau anteroposterior width (TPAP) were measured on MRI. Relationships between bony morphology and knee kinematics or ACL elongation were identified using multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsNo associations between bony morphology and knee kinematics or ACL elongation were observed during fast running. During double‐legged drop jump, a greater range of tibiofemoral rotation was associated with a steeper LPTS (β = 0.382, p = 0.012) and a deeper MTP depth (β = 0.331, p = 0.028), and a greater range of anterior tibial translation was associated with a shallower MTP depth (β = − 0.352, p = 0.018) and a larger LCAP/ TPAP (β = 0.441, p = 0.005); however, greater ACL elongation was only associated with a deeper MTP depth (β = 0.456, p = 0.006) at toe‐off.ConclusionThese findings indicate that observed relationships between bony morphology and kinematics should not be extrapolated to imply a relationship also exists between those bone morphology features and ACL elongation during high‐demand activities. These new findings deepen our understanding of the relationship between bony morphology and ACL elongation during high‐demand activities. This knowledge can help identify high‐risk patients for whom additional procedures during ACL reconstruction are most appropriate.
Bindung und seelische Gesundheit von ehemaligen Wochenkrippenkindern
Authors: Flemming Eva , Knorr Stefanie , Lübke Laura , Terne Claudia , Spitzer Carsten 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine umfangreiche oder andauernde institutionalisierte Betreuung in den ersten Lebensjahren (etwa in Heimen) ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für spätere psychische Erkrankungen assoziiert. Die Annahmen der Bindungstheorie können für ein Verständnis dieses Zusammenhangs hilfreich sein. In einer Stichprobe von Personen, die im Alter zwischen 0 und 3 Jahren in einer Wochenkrippe in der DDR betreut wurden, werden die Assoziationen zwischen institutionalisierter Betreuung, dem Auftreten späterer psychischer Erkrankungen und Bindungsunsicherheit in den aktuellen Beziehungen untersucht.

Methodik
Anhand von Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen wurden 80 ehemalige Wochenkrippenkinder (WK, 81,3 % weiblich, Alter: Mittelwert [M] ± Standardabweichung [SD] = 53,8 ± 6,7 Jahre) und eine Vergleichsstichprobe von 192 in der DDR geborenen Personen (VG, 45,3 % weiblich, Alter: M ± SD = 52,2 ± 12,0 Jahre) hinsichtlich der psychischen Belastung und Bindungsdimensionen in Partnerschaften befragt. Mithilfe linearer Regressionsanalysen wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen Wochenkrippenbetreuung und den Ergebnismaßen unter Kontrolle der soziodemografischen Variablen untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Die Gruppenzugehörigkeit (WK/VG) stellte, bezogen auf alle Ergebnismaße, einen signifikanten Prädiktor dar, insbesondere für die Zahl psychischer Problembereiche (Lebenszeit: β = −0,71, aktuell: β = −0,49, jeweils p < 0,001) und Bindungsvermeidung (β = −0,44, p < 0,001).

Diskussion
Ehemalige WK weisen ein höheres Maß an selbstbeurteilten psychischen Erkrankungen und Bindungsunsicherheit auf als die VG. Die vorläufigen Ergebnisse dieser Studie haben Implikationen für die Diagnostik und Therapie der Betroffenen. Eine mögliche Verzerrung der Befunde durch die Selbstselektion der Studienteilnehmenden ist bei der Interpretation kritisch zu berücksichtigen.
Diagnostik und Therapie der Membranösen Nephropathie – 2023
Authors: Säemann Marcus D. , Odler Balazs , Windpessl Martin , Regele Heinz , Eller Kathrin , Neumann Irmgard , Rudnicki Michael , Gauckler Philipp , Kronbichler Andreas , Knechtelsdorfer Maarten 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie membranöse Nephropathie (MN) ist eine Immunkomplex-Glomerulonephritis und zählt zu den häufigsten Ursachen für ein nephrotisches Syndrom beim Erwachsenen und zählt zu den autoimmunen Nierenerkrankungen mit der höchsten Rate an Spontanremissionen. Das häufigste Autoantigen (> 70 % der Fälle) ist gegen den Phospholipase-A2-Rezeptor (PLA2-R) gerichtet und erlaubt mit seinem Nachweis und Verlauf eine hervorragende Diagnostik sowie auch ein optimales Therapiemonitoring. Andere Autoantigene werden laufend veröffentlicht und werden künftig einen autoantigen-basierten Diagnose- und Therapiealgorithmus der MN ermöglichen. Bei fehlender Spontanremission stellt eine spezifische B‑Zell-gerichtete Therapie, insbesondere mit Rituximab die initiale Therapie der Wahl dar. Kalzineurin-Inhibitoren oder Cyclophosphamid sollen erst bei sorgsamer Indikation im jeweiligen klinischen Kontext wie bei ernsthaften klinischen Konsequenzen sowohl durch das nephrotische Syndrom als auch bei Nierenfunktionsverlust erwogen werden. Da renale Immunkomplexe oft lange Zeit benötigen, um abgebaut zu werden, kann eine große Proteinurie der immunologischen Remission durchaus über viele Monate hinterherlaufen, bis es schließlich zu einer Abnahme oder Resolution der Proteinurie kommt. Die Therapie der MN stellt den günstigen Fall einer präzisionsmedizinisch-basierten Therapie in der Nephrologie dar, wobei neue therapeutische B‑Zellantikörper für die seltenen, aber schwierigen Verlaufsformen der MN in naher Zukunft Eingang in die klinische Routine finden werden.
CMTM6 as a potential therapy target is associated with immunological tumor microenvironment and can promote migration and invasion in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Hongli , Yin Jianqiao , Guan Xin , Zhang Shuang , Peng Songlin , Liu Xun , Xing Fei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCMTM6 has been connected to the development of several malignancies. However, it is still unknown what function CMTM6 serves in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). We obtained RNA sequencing information of PAAD from public datasets and predicted statistical significance of CMTM6 survival in accordance with Kaplan–Meier curves. Gene set enrichment assessment (GSEA) was employed to analyze changes in pathways. Then, we systematically investigated the association involving CMTM6 and the immunological traits within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PAAD, including immune pathways, immunomodulators, immune infiltrating cells, inflammatory activities, and immunotherapy response prediction. To demonstrate the biologically malignant properties of CMTM6 expression, the Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell experiments, colony formation, and wound healing were utilized. Upregulated CMTM6 expression was revealed within PAAD tissues, which was associated with more frequent somatic mutations and worse survival outcomes. Specifically, CMTM6 expression represented stronger immune infiltration, inflammatory activity, and better immunotherapeutic response in TME. Functional studies revealed that CMTM6 promoted the ability to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Additionally, CMTM6 and PD-L1 had a positive relationship, and CMTM6 can co-immunocoprecipitate with PD-L1 protein in pancreatic cell lines. CMTM6 overexpression shapes the inflammatory TME with a strong immune response. These findings support that CMTM6 is an immunotherapeutic target with promising effect to treat PAAD.
Improving spam email classification accuracy using ensemble techniques: a stacking approach
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Imam Muhammad Osama , Javed Muhammad Furqan , Murtza Iqbal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSpam emails pose a substantial cybersecurity danger, necessitating accurate classification to reduce unwanted messages and mitigate risks. This study focuses on enhancing spam email classification accuracy using stacking ensemble machine learning techniques. We trained and tested five classifiers: logistic regression, decision tree, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), Gaussian naive Bayes and AdaBoost. To address overfitting, two distinct datasets of spam emails were aggregated and balanced. Evaluating individual classifiers based on recall, precision and F1 score metrics revealed AdaBoost as the top performer. Considering evolving spam technology and new message types challenging traditional approaches, we propose a stacking method. By combining predictions from multiple base models, the stacking method aims to improve classification accuracy. The results demonstrate superior performance of the stacking method with the highest accuracy (98.8%), recall (98.8%) and F1 score (98.9%) among tested methods. Additional experiments validated our approach by varying dataset sizes and testing different classifier combinations. Our study presents an innovative combination of classifiers that significantly improves accuracy, contributing to the growing body of research on stacking techniques. Moreover, we compare classifier performances using a unique combination of two datasets, highlighting the potential of ensemble techniques, specifically stacking, in enhancing spam email classification accuracy. The implications extend beyond spam classification systems, offering insights applicable to other classification tasks. Continued research on emerging spam techniques is vital to ensure long-term effectiveness.
Using technology to make learning fun: technology use is best made fun and challenging to optimize intrinsic motivation and engagement
Authors: David Loukia , Weinstein Netta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEducators have incorporated technologies designed to “gamify” or increase the fun and reward of classroom learning, but little is known about how these resources can be employed to create positive learning climates. Informed by self-determination theory (SDT), two experiments investigated a number of strategies teachers can use to frame one such technology, the student response system (SRS), when they use it as an educational tool to enhance its fun and contribution to positive learning environments. Participants (n = 30) in a pilot experiment were randomly assigned to a 2-month experiment that showed that using SRS versus non-technology-based learning increases academic well-being. A primary study (n = 120 students) experimentally manipulated the use of SRS with and without motivational framing strategies that were anticipated to enhance its effects, specifically by employing teamwork, friendly competition between students, and giving students a choice to participate. Results showed that motivational framing strategies enhanced students’ need satisfaction for autonomy (sense of choice), competence (sense of efficacy in relation to learning), relatedness (to others in the classroom), and academic well-being (interest and engagement). In short, the use of interactive technology and how it was implemented in class was vital for enhancing students’ learning outcomes.
Die Menopause und ihre Auswirkungen auf Haut und Haare
Authors: Weidlinger Susanna , Weidlinger Magdalena , Heidemeyer Kristine 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Haut gilt als endokrines Organ und wird von Sexualsteroiden wie Östrogenen und Androgenen beeinflusst. Die mit der Menopause einhergehenden hormonellen Veränderungen gehen auch an Haut und Haaren nicht spurlos vorüber. So kommt es an der Haut zu vermehrter Trockenheit, Juckreiz, Ausdünnung, Erschlaffung, Faltenbildung, verringerter Vaskularität und eingeschränkter Wundheilung – Symptome, die durch eine Östrogensupplementierung verbessert werden können. Zu den typischen menopausalen Haarveränderungen gehören ein generell verminderter Haarwuchs, eine geringere Haardichte auf der Kopfhaut mit Rarefizierung der Haarfollikel sowie eine veränderte Haardicke. Auch kann es infolge eines im Vergleich zur Prämenopause relativen Übergewichts von Androgenen zu Östrogenen zu einem vermehrten unerwünschten Haarwuchs im Gesicht und an anderen Köperpartien kommen. Obwohl eine menopausale Hormontherapie nicht speziell für Haut- und Haarsymptome empfohlen wird, sollte medizinischem Fachpersonal deren breiterer potenzieller Nutzen, der über die positiven Auswirkungen auf vasomotorische Symptome, den Knochenstoffwechsel, das kardiovaskuläre System usw. hinausgeht, bewusst sein und mit Patientinnen diskutiert werden, damit Letztere in der Lage sind, fundierte Entscheidungen zur Therapiewahl ihrer Wechseljahresbeschwerden zu treffen. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den Auswirkungen des abnehmenden Östrogenspiegels auf Haut und Haare sowie mit den therapeutischen Optionen.
Enteignungen für die Wiedernutzbarmachung
Authors: Frenz Walter 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDass Enteignungen für den Braunkohleabbau im Tagebau Garzweiler immer noch zulässig sind,
hat das OVG Münster am 28.3.2022 deutlich gemacht und eine vorzeitige Besitzeinweisung ermöglicht.
Sind Enteignungen auch noch im Anschluss daran für die Wiedernutzbarmachung möglich, und zwar
selbst dann, wenn es nur um die Materialbeschaffung dafür geht? Haben die Ereignisse um die Inanspruchnahme
von Lützerath Auswirkungen auf die Zulässigkeit? Welche Rolle spielen der Klimaschutz und die
Akzeptanz nach der Windparkentscheidung des BVerfG?
Design of cellulose nanofibre-based composites with high barrier properties
Authors: Alves Luís , Ramos Ana , Ferraz Eduardo , Ferreira Paulo J. T. , Rasteiro Maria G. , Gamelas José A. F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGas barrier properties are very relevant in composite materials for applications so diverse such as food packaging, electronics, or old document restoration. In the present work, four different types of cellulose nanofibres (CNFs), two types of clay minerals used individually (sepiolite) or combined (sepiolite + kaolinite), and the influence of pH, were explored in the production of composite films. Neat CNFs, only mechanically treated or prepared by enzymatic pre-treatment, gave films with good mechanical and barrier properties, but the addition of minerals led to a dramatic loss of these properties. Contrarily, the use of thin and functionalized fibrils (TEMPO-oxidised or cationized CNFs) gave composite films with good mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. Superior oxygen barrier properties (oxygen transmission rate (OTR) < 0.4 cm3 m−2 day−1) were obtained using TEMPO-oxidised CNF and 20% sepiolite, and, in general, for all the composite films containing the TEMPO CNF (OTR ≤ 1.8 cm3 m−2 day−1). The cationic CNF-based composites also showed a very good oxygen barrier (OTR ≤ 8.2 cm3 m−2 day−1). The high oxygen barrier could be explained by the compactness of the films and better entanglement of the more fibrillated nanocelluloses with the mineral particles. A decrease in the pH of the suspensions led to a decrease in the film preparation time, without a major negative impact on the composite film’s properties.
From “Am I just too old for this?” To “Hey – I think I could do that!”: a collaborative self-study of the implementation of blended synchronous learning in initial teacher education
Authors: McCaw Christopher T. , Mendus Alys , Boyer Abbey , Cameron Scott , Leve Annabelle , Messer Ray 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlended Synchronous Learning (BSL) refers to when students located in physical classrooms learn together with peers who attend remotely, via networked digital technologies. The Covid-19 pandemic, along with ambitions to increase flexibility in learning delivery mode for students, has led to the increased implementation of BSL in tertiary education. The current evidence-base around BSL provides important principles for its use, but relatively little research has examined the experiences of teaching staff in depth. This article uses a self-study methodology to explore educators’ experiences of BSL implementation in a post-graduate Initial Teacher Education course in Australia. Six teaching staff, all co-researchers for the study, contributed reflective data, and engaged in analysis and interpretation of the data via structured critical friendships. Insights related to four key themes were derived from the analysis: institutional and pedagogical factors; educator wellbeing, self-efficacy and professional identity; staffing support; and collegial professional learning. The implementation of BSL, while aligned with existing recommendations, produced significant challenges for educators in relation to institutional support and training, pedagogical practices, operation of BSL technologies, professional identity and self-efficacy. Cognitive overload was a prominent feature of the BSL teaching experience. On the whole, while drawing on existing skills and teaching experience, educators held significant concerns with the overall quality of student learning in BSL—especially for remote students. Training, practice, technical and co-teaching support, as well as collegial relationships, were important mediators of educator experience. The findings suggest that the implementation of BSL requires substantial investment in staffing, training, skill development, and opportunities for authentic, meaningful practice and prototyping. The findings also affirm the value of timely, organisationally supported and collaborative professional learning as part of BSL implementation.