bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing genomic and molecular biology resources for genetic improvement of lotus: current achievements and future directions
Authors: Sun Heng , Xin Jia , Song Heyun , Chen Lin , Yang Dong , Yang Hui , Deng Xianbao , Liu Juan , Cui Rui , Su Yanyan , Dong Gangqiang , Yang Mei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLotus, an economically significant aquatic crop within the genus Nelumbo (family Nelumbonaceae), includes the two extant species Nelumbo nucifera and Nelumbo lutea. Renowned for its ornamental, culinary, and medicinal value, lotus has seen notable advancements in genomics and molecular biology, particularly in reference genome sequencing and assembly, bioactive compound biosynthetic pathways, and molecular mechanisms underlying key traits. Critical genes linked to horticultural characteristics, edible quality, medicinal properties, and stress resilience have been identified and functionally validated. This review presents a thorough overview of recent molecular developments in lotus research, emphasizing genome sequencing and functional gene analysis. Additionally, it addresses prevailing challenges and future directions, providing valuable insights for foundational research and genetic enhancement of lotus.
Analysis of mortality factors in ICU patients with sepsis and septic shock: a retrospective study
Authors: Mostafa Mohammed , Hamed Lamiaa , Mokhtar Sherif , Arafa Moamen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Sepsis and septic shock are critical conditions that pose significant challenges in intensive care units (ICUs), characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction and high mortality rates. The increasing incidence of sepsis necessitates a thorough understanding of the factors influencing patient outcomes.

Aim
This study aims to analyze the mortality rates among ICU patients diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock, focusing on the role of organ dysfunction, age, and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 patients diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock admitted to the ICU over 2 years. Data were collected on patient demographics, including age, gender, comorbidities, and APACHE II scores calculated upon admission. Organ dysfunction was assessed based on clinical criteria, and mortality rates were tracked throughout the ICU stay. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, with significance at p < 0.05.

Results
The cohort consisted of 200 patients, with a mean age of 65 years (SD ± 12.3). The overall mortality rate was found to be 54.5%, with significant differences observed between survivors and non-survivors. The mean APACHE II score for the entire cohort was 20.35 (SD ± 6.5), with non-survivors exhibiting a mean score of 23.77 (SD ± 5.8) compared to 15.87 (SD ± 4.2) for survivors (p < 0.001). Cardiovascular dysfunction was prevalent in 75% of septic patients, contributing to a mortality rate of 54.5%. These findings underscore the importance of early identification and management of organ dysfunction to improve patient outcomes.

Conclusion
This study highlights the critical role of APACHE II scores and cardiovascular dysfunction in predicting mortality among ICU patients with sepsis and septic shock. The high mortality rates associated with these factors emphasize the need for proactive management strategies and tailored interventions to enhance patient survival and improve overall outcomes in this vulnerable population.
The Value of Sleeping
Authors: PROTASI SARA 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Should you take a pill that gives you all the health benefits of sleep and allows you to stay awake? I argue that you shouldn’t. I propose three reasons why sleeping, conceived of as a socially and culturally embedded human activity, is valuable. First, there is aesthetic value in the rituals that typically precede sleeping; second, there is interpersonal value in the intimacy that stems from sleeping with other people; third, there is ethical value in mere presence and in retreating from consciousness. In order to fully support my argument, I situate it within a conception of goodness that embraces the fragility of the human condition and the limitations stemming from our corporeal nature. I conclude with some practical implications of my view.
Competition in Times of Democratic Crisis: Domestic Judicial Reforms and the Effectiveness of EU Competition Law
Authors: Íñiguez Guillermo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Democratic backsliding is becoming increasingly widespread, filtering into not just constitutional law but other areas of substantive Union law. This article explores this phenomenon by focusing on how domestic judicial reforms spread to the day-to-day operation of EU competition law. It references two fundamental principles of Union law – mutual trust and effective judicial protection – before focusing on the European Competition Network, which requires national competition authorities to cooperate when discharging their duties under Union law. Lastly, it discusses the systemic consequences this can have for the operation of EU competition law, the internal market, and EU law more broadly.
Argon physisorption for pore analysis of mudrocks, clays, and engineered analogues: is argon a better choice than nitrogen and carbon dioxide?
Authors: Seemann Timo , Weber Christian , Bertier Pieter , Claes Hannes , Stanjek Helge 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Argon physisorption at 87 K is the new standard for texture analysis of microporous media recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). However, geoscientists routinely use nitrogen (77 K) and carbon dioxide (273 K), both molecules with permanent polarization and the preference to interact with specific surface sites. In this work, N2, CO2, and Ar physisorption isotherms were measured and classical physisorption theories applied to investigate the suitability of Ar physisorption for the porosity assessment of mudrocks, clays, and (non)-porous analogs.
N2 and Ar physisorption isotherms are qualitatively similar with the most significant discrepancies in the submonolayer range. Textural parameters reveal linear relations but parameter ratios vary randomly, independent of the sorbent class. While N2 and CO2 (mostly) underestimate micropore volumes, nitrogen BET areas are consistently larger than argon BET areas. Those differences are probably associated with differences in polarization. But its effect on molecular orientation, for example, is presumably masked by microporosity and a narrow spacing of specific surface sites.
Mesopore size distributions and Gurvich (total) pore volumes agree well for N2 and Ar indicating similar pore size and pore volume access. Combining both parameters proves effective in identifying saturation pressure offsets which pose the largest uncertainty factor in the present study. Ar-based micropore size distributions reveal three distinct classes of mudrocks differing in organic matter maturity, and its contribution to microporosity. Empirical αs plots corroborate this classification underlining the discrepancies in the micropore range of mudrocks. Comparative hysteresis loop analysis indicated cavitation as one dominant evaporation mechanism in mudrocks and clays effecting a sample-specific compartmentalization of their pore networks.
Mixed-frequency VAR: a new approach to forecasting migration in Europe using macroeconomic data
Authors: Barker Emily R. , Bijak Jakub 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Forecasting international migration is a challenge that, despite its political and policy salience, has seen a limited success so far. In this proof-of-concept paper, we employ a range of macroeconomic data to represent different drivers of migration. We also take into account the relatively consistent set of migration policies within the European Common Market, with its constituent freedom of movement of labour. Using panel vector autoregressive (VAR) models for mixed-frequency data, we forecast migration in the short- and long-term horizons for 26 of the 32 countries within the Common Market. We demonstrate how the methodology can be used to assess the possible responses of other macroeconomic variables to unforeseen migration events—and vice versa. Our results indicate reasonable in-sample performance of migration forecasts, especially in the short term, although with varying levels of accuracy. They also underline the need for taking country-specific factors into account when constructing forecasting models, with different variables being important across the regions of Europe. For the longer term, the proposed methods, despite high prediction errors, can still be useful as tools for setting coherent migration scenarios and analysing responses to exogenous shocks.
What Do Patients Seek Care for at a Health Facility in the Aftermath of an Earthquake? Experiences From an Emergency Medical Team in Türkoğlu, Türkiye 2023
Authors: Maddah Diana , Vadi Ramnath , Aloğlu Nihal , Boz Mustafa , Wightwick David , Istanbouly Gael , Tannous Rosa Maria , Morelli Alessandra , Tawfeeq Dalzar Abdullah , von Schreeb Johan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
On February 6, 2023, a strong earthquake (7.8 Richter scale) shook southwestern Türkiye, and also affected areas in northwest Syria, resulting in over 50 000 fatalities and more than 100 000 injured in Türkiye, in addition to the displacement of approximately 3 million people. In response to an international request for assistance from the Turkish government, the United Kingdom (UK) government deployed an Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Type 1 to provide outpatient care. This report describes the type of medical conditions treated at the facility from 1 week to 3 months post-earthquake. Consultations and diagnoses were recorded using standardized UK EMT patient records and reported through the WHO Minimum Data Set (MDS) format. A total of 7048 patient consultations were documented during the deployment.
The majority of cases involved infectious conditions, primarily respiratory illnesses, rather than trauma. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, were also prevalent, particularly among adults and older patients. The report outlines some recommendations to better adapt data collection in order to improve EMT preparedness for future earthquake responses.
Enhancing the control of respiratory virus spread: a comprehensive approach integrating airborne virus detection, aerological investigations, and airflow modeling for practical implementation
Authors: Mellon Guillaume , Mahjoub Nadia , Metivier Fabien , Osinski Nathalie , Gabassi Audrey , Delaugerre Constance , Vanoli Emmanuel , Crawford Cyril , Le Goff Jérôme 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Patients with chronic kidney disease suffer from immune dysfunction, increasing susceptibility to infections. The aim of the study was to investigate air contamination with respiratory viruses in a dialysis unit at a quaternary hospital using molecular detection techniques and to analyze airflow dynamics through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for a comprehensive assessment of air transmission risks.

Methods:
We conducted dialysis unit air sampling using AerosolSense™ samplers. Air and clinical sampling occurred during three periods in 2022: winter, early, and late fall. A technical team maintained the dialysis unit’s ventilation system during mid fall. Ventilation system capacity and airflow rates were measured. CFD simulations were used to evaluate airflow dynamics.

Results:
The investigation collected 144 air samples, revealing heterogeneous virus detection rates across locations and study periods. Virus positivity correlated with the presence of patients and the effectiveness of the ventilation system. The ratio of virus air positivity to virus patient positivity was 1.84 and 3.35 during the first and the second periods, respectively, and collapsed to 0.64 after maintenance. Airflow rate measurements highlighted a ninefold discrepancy between actual and theoretical airflow (393 m3/h vs. 3530 m3/h), which was rectified by maintenance actions. Airflow dynamics and particle dispersion visualization through CFD simulations contributed to a better understanding of transmission risks.

Conclusions:
Detection of viruses in the air, combined with CFD, revealed deficiencies in air renewal. Maintenance interventions significantly improved airflow dynamics and particle dispersion, reducing airborne virus spread.
Elections Improve Support for State Trial Court Judges in the United States
Authors: Stone Andrew R. , Olson Michael P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Do constituents care how judges are chosen? We conduct two nationally representative survey experiments focusing on state trial courts. Our first study indicates that respondents prefer judges who are elected to those who are appointed, though this does not affect their perceptions of the judiciary’s legitimacy. Our second study explores three potential mechanisms: efficacy, experience with democracy, and perceived ideological proximity. We find evidence that real-world experience with judicial elections is associated with a preference for such elections, but we do not find evidence for other mechanisms. Our study offers important new evidence for assessing proposed reforms to judicial selection.
Women Robed in Independence: How Women Judges Influence Perceptions of Judicial Independence in Europe
Authors: Smart EmiLee , Wood Abbie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The number of women on high courts across the globe has been steadily increasing. Recent estimates found that women now make up 61% of the judiciary in European countries (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2019). The large number of women now serving in judicial positions has resulted in a changing demographic makeup of courts. While the majority might think this is a step forward for diverse representation, there is ultimately a dichotomy between judicial accountability that comes as a result of increased diversity in descriptive representation and judicial independence. Given this dichotomy, along with the increase in women on courts, it follows that the public’s perceptions of courts’ independence has the potential to change. We explore this phenomenon by asking the following question: How does the presence of women on high courts impact perceptions of judicial independence among the public? Using survey data gathered from respondents in twenty-seven European countries from 2016 to 2022, we examine how the dynamics of an increasing number of women on high courts alters the public’s perceptions on the level of independence of the court in their country. We draw from literature on judicial independence as well as women political elites and corruption. Importantly, we document that increasing the percentage of women on courts results in higher perceptions of judicial independence for women. Overall, our findings highlight important trends regarding gender diversity in political institutions and how changes in descriptive characteristics shape perceptions of judicial independence.
Risk-taking propensity and its influence on lexical decision performance: a comparative study of high- and low-risk groups
Authors: Kim Sangyub , Kim Joonwoo , Lee Solbin , Nam Kichun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We examined the impact of risk-taking propensity on lexical decision performance in neurologically intact participants. Following the classification of participants into high- and low-risk-taking propensity groups using the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, we assessed lexical decision-making with behavioral responses (RTs, ACC), signal detection measures (hit, false alarm, miss, correct rejection) and qualitative processing using lexical variable effects (number of syllables, first syllable frequency, stem frequency, word frequency) between the groups. As a result, high-risk-taking individuals showed slower and less accurate word recognition, characterized by biased responses toward nonwords and words. However, both groups displayed similar patterns of lexical variable effects in word recognition, suggesting risk-taking propensity does not contribute to qualitative disparities in visual word recognition. These findings highlight the influential role of risk-taking propensity in shaping behavioral performance during lexical decision, emphasizing the need for further exploration of the intricate interplay between risk-taking behavior and lexical decision-making processes.
Corpus evidence for lexical and genre effects in the metaphorical conceptualization of negative self-evaluative emotions: The case of shame and embarrassment
Authors: Krawczak Karolina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Do different emotion terms trigger different metaphorical conceptualizations of emotions? What are the effects of the discourse context of the genre on metaphor choice in the conceptualization of emotion concepts? Finally, are such lexical and discourse–contextual effects on emotion-targeted metaphor choice quantifiable? Prior discourse-oriented research has demonstrated from a largely qualitative perspective that metaphor use is dynamic and sensitive to discursive contextual variables (e.g., Deignan et al., 2013; Semino 2010, 2011; Semino et al., 2013; Dorst 2015; Caballero 2016; Knapton & Rundblad, 2018). In the present study, these questions are addressed from a corpus-based multivariate perspective, where detailed qualitative analysis of found examples is combined with quantitative modeling. The study examines negative self-evaluative emotions in English, operationalized through their two nominal exponents, i.e., shame and embarrassment, as attested in the discourse context of three genres – fiction, magazine and spoken TV language. The data are first analyzed qualitatively for relevant contextual variables and then modelled quantitatively. The results demonstrate that while both lexical and genre effects are observed in metaphor choice in the conceptualization of negative self-evaluative emotional experience, their combined effect should also be accounted for, as these two variables are found to interact with each other.
Within- and cross-language semantic effects on oral word translation with a word flanker paradigm
Authors: Zhang Yong , Yu Ziqian , Yu Jieyang , Ye Qianyu , Wu Yan Jing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When a word is being translated, its immediately adjacent lexical items may impact the translation of the target word. However, the impact of adjacent lexical items on the oral translation of a target word situated in central vision remains unexplored. This behavioral study used a bilingual version of the flanker paradigm to examine the impact of within- and cross-language semantic effects on oral word translation. Unbalanced bilinguals were presented with a central target word that was flanked by two flanking words on either side. The target-flanker relations were manipulated as a function of semantic relatedness (identical, related and unrelated) and language congruency (congruent and incongruent). The task was to orally translate the target word from L1 to L2 (forward translation) in one session and from L2 to L1 (backward translation) in the other while ignoring the flanker words. Results showed faster responses for forward compared to backward translation. Moreover, in within-language (congruent) but not in cross-language (incongruent) contexts, semantic priming effects were observed in both directions of translation, with the effects being larger for backward than forward translation. Additionally, substantial cross-language semantic repetition priming effects were obtained. The findings are discussed within the framework of a two-process account for oral word translation.
Vaterland, Heimat, and the Family of Nation: Education and Identity Formation in Late-Habsburg Austria
Authors: Moore Scott O. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the last quarter of the 19th century, Austrian schools effectively developed a robust system of civic education that attempted to cultivate the patriotism of all students, regardless of their nationality. While the ultimate goal of Habsburg civic education was loyalty to the imperial state, officials realized that this loyalty would not be able to supplant regional or national identities. Instead, officials designed a curriculum that would enhance these other identities hoping they would contribute to imperial patriotism. Students learned they shared their home with different national groups and that they belonged to a larger family of nations. While this concept was earnestly supported by the school curriculum, the way in which this material was taught may have impacted its effectiveness. For example, when discussing national groups, educators often drew from prevailing ethnographic theories that relied on stereotypical assessments. Moreover, compromises made in the early 20th century complicated these efforts. As nationalists gained increased control over school administration, the emphasis on shared local identity weakened. These factors did not necessarily alter Austrian civic education, but they do point to the ways in which it would have needed to adapt to the Monarchy’s changing political circumstances.
Memory of Forced Displacements in the Discourse and Coping Strategies of Crimean Tatars in Post-2014 Crimea
Authors: Muratova Elmira 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article demonstrates how Crimean Tatars use memories of past displacements in their narratives of contemporary emigration and coping strategies in occupied Crimea. First, I present the significance of the first annexation of Crimea in 1783 by the Russian Empire and the 1944 deportation in the collective memory of Crimean Tatars. Second, I discuss the main motives for the displacement of internally displaced persons of Crimean Tatar origin in 2014 based on interviews conducted in L’viv. Drawing from interviews and focus groups that were conducted in Crimea between 2017 and 2019, I describe the influence of the memory of forced displacements on contemporary discourse and how it has evolved since Russia’s full-scale attack on Ukraine. Finally, I focus on how Crimean Solidarity activists employ memories of the first annexation and deportation to legitimize their resistance against Russia’s repressive policy in occupied Crimea. I argue that the 2014 annexation of Crimea was a retraumatizing event for many Crimean Tatars and that it has become an integral part of the grand narrative of their forced displacement from the late eighteenth century to the present.
BASE SHIFTING SEQUENCES AND THE PALINDROME PROPERTY
Authors: MA WANLI 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For

$M,N,m\in \mathbb {N}$

with

$M\geq 2, N\geq 1$

and

$m \geq 2$

, we define two families of sequences,

$\mathcal {B}_{M,N}$

and

$\mathcal {B}_{M,N,m}$

. The nth term of

$\mathcal {B}_{M,N}$

is obtained by expressing n in base M and recombining those digits in base N. The nth term of

$\mathcal {B}_{M,N,m}$

is defined by

$\mathcal {B}_{M,N,m}(n):=\mathcal {B}_{M,N}(n) \; (\textrm {mod}\;m)$

. The special case

$\mathcal {B}_{M,1,m}$

, where

$N=1$

, yields the digit sum sequence

$\mathbf {t}_{M,m}$

in base M mod m. We prove that

$\mathcal {B}_{M,N}$

is the fixed point of a morphism

$\mu _{M,N}$

at letter

$0$

, similar to a property of

$\mathbf {t}_{M,m}$

. Additionally, we show that

$\mathcal {B}_{M,N,m}$

contains arbitrarily long palindromes if and only if

$m=2$

, mirroring the behaviour of the digit sum sequence. When

$m\geq M$

and N, m are coprime, we establish that

$\mathcal {B}_{M,N,m}$

contains no overlaps.