bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender-specific anatomical correlations of schizotypy in healthy individuals
Authors: Tomyshev A. S. , Panikratova Y. , Lebedeva I. , Abdullina E. , Pechenkova E. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSchizotypy refers to a continuum of symptoms from subclinical manifestations in the general population to severe symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Neuroimaging studies revealed significant relationships between schizotypy and cortical anatomy in the general population. However, it remains unclear whether these structural associations has a gender specificity.ObjectivesThe present study used structural MRI data to investigate the relationship between subclinical schizotypy symptoms and cortical and subcortical morphometric measures in male and female samples of healthy individuals.Methods164 right-handed healthy unmedicated individuals (18.0-34.9 years, 57% females) underwent structural MRI at 3T Philips scanner. T1-weighted images were processed via FreeSurfer 6.0 to quantify cortical thickness for 34 regions-of-interest (ROIs) according to Desikan atlas and volumes for 7 subcortical structures at each hemisphere. Schizotypy levels were assessed using self-report Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, total schizotypy score and 4 factors scores (Cognitive-perceptual, negative, disorganized and paranoid factors as per Stefanis et al. Schizophr Bull. 2004; 30 335-350) were calculated. Partial correlation analysis (ppcor version 1.1, R version 4.2.1) was used to assess the associations between ROIs cortical thickness and total schizotypy or 4 factors scores including age and sex as covariates. The same analysis was performed for subcortical volumes including intracranial volume as additional covariate.ResultsIn male group we revealed a positive correlation between greater thickness of the left caudal middle frontal gyrus and higher total schizotypy (r=0.42, punc=0.0003, 95% CI [0.21–0.60]) and negative factor of schizotypy (r=0.49, punc<0.0001, 95% CI [0.28–0.65]) (Image). No correlations survived correction for multiple comparisons in female sample. There were no differences in age, caudal middle frontal gyrus thickness, total schizotypy or negative factor of schizotypy scores between male and female subgroups.Image:ConclusionsThe results suggest that the association of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and levels of schizotypy is gender specific. We showed that total and negative schizotypy positively correlated with thicker DLPFC in male but not in female sample. The present data are inverse to findings of prefrontal cortical thinning observed in schizophrenia. Such correlations suggest that thicker cortex could be a potential compensatory mechanism or could reflect alterations in trajectory of cortical thickness reductions across the lifespan.The work was supported by RFBR grant 20-013-00748Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Brain Reward System And Its Volumetric Investigations In Alcohol Addiction
Authors: Tabara M. F. , Atmaca M. , Yildirim H. , Solmaz O. , Essibayi M. A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is a diagnosis that includes both addiction and abuse concepts that entered our lives with the DSM-5. The prevalence of AUD is 8.1% in men and 1.7% in women in Türkiye, and it is getting more and more common. Biopsychosocial factors play a role in the etiology of AUD.ObjectivesThe brain reward system, which includes many cortical and subcortical structures, plays an active role in the initiation and maintenance of alcohol dependence. In this study, we aimed to reveal the structural changes in alcohol dependence.Methods15 cases with AUD and 17 healthy controls were compared in terms of total white matter, total gray matter, nucleus accumbens, amygdala and hippocampus volumes. AUDIT, MAST and alcohol addiction severity scale were administered to all participants. Magnetic resonance imaging of all participants was performed. Then, the relevant regions were painted cross-sectionally and volume measurements were made. The case group was evaluated for the diagnosis of AUD with SCID-V. Volume averages were evaluated with Student’s t test. ANCOVA was used to remove confounding factors and re-evaluate the difference between volumes.ResultsAlthough there were differences between volumes in the first analyzes with Student’s t test, they were not statistically significant.Age and gender variables, which were determined by the literature to have an effect on volume measurements, were re-evaluated with the ANCOVA test. When the effects of age and gender variables were removed in the evaluation, the right hippocampus volume was found to be significantly reduced in the AUD group compared to the control group (F=5.26, p=0.03). Again, no significant difference was observed in the two groups in terms of areas other than the volume of the right hippocampus. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between scale scores, duration of alcohol use and amount taken, and volumetric measurements, but no statistically significant relationship was found.ConclusionsDifferent findings have been reported in the literature regarding the examined region volumes. Our study found volumetric changes consistent with most previous studies. For more generalizable results, studies with a large number of participants are needed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cognitive functions in people with mental disorders: focus on self-reflection, insight and mindwandering
Authors: Natale A. , Fusar-Poli L. , Sturiale S. , Placenti V. , Marino M. , Amerio A. , Rodolico A. , Concerto C. , Aguglia A. , Petralia A. , Signorelli M. S. , Serafini G. , Amore M. , Aguglia E. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPeople with mental disorders may present impairments in cognitive and metacognitive functions. Self-reflection is the ability to reflect on oneself (specifically on one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts) and insight is the awareness of one’s internal experience. Mindwandering (MW) is defined as the tendency to divert attention from current reality without a clearly defined intention. It can be spontaneous or deliberate. Several studies have investigated these alterations in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), while less is known for people with substance use disorder (SUD).ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to explore self-reflection, insight and MW in a group of patients with SZ and SUD.MethodsThe Self-reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS) and the spontaneous (MW-S) and deliberate (MW-D) mindwandering scales were administered to 25 patients with SZ, 21 patients with SUD, and 21 healthy controls (HC). Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the associations between the variables under study.ResultsPreliminary data showed that SZ and SUD patients presented lower SRIS and MW values than HC. Examining MW in detail, participants with SZ reported higher scores at than MW-D, while in people with SUD, MW-D scores were higher than MW-S scores. Linear regressions revealed that MW-D was negatively associated with self-reflection in SUD; moreover, insight scores were negatively associated with MW-S in SZ.ConclusionsOur preliminary results confirm the importance of acting on the elements of metacognition in patients with mental disorders to improve the general outcome of the disease. A comprehensive therapeutic approach should include psychotherapeutic and social interventions aimed at increasing attention and introspection.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Are we ready to be techno-digitalicus psychiatrists?
Authors: Orsolini L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital mental health interventions and digital psychiatry have been rapidly implemented over the past decade, particularly with the intent to offer a potential solution in those problematic circumstances and logistic issues for which the current mental health service infrastructure is not able to adequately accommodate to the needs of most patients. Indeed, most mental health workforce does not always own an enough and appropriate theoretical either practical training in digital psychiatry and in delivering remote consultations safely and effectively. Most European countries do not have curricula-specific training requirements, either at core or higher specialty level, for psychiatry trainees to demonstrate competence in digital skills that may be considered essential to good clinical practice, including abilities and competencies needed to provide and deliver mental health interventions by using digital tools. The talk will provide an overview on the level of the current state-of-the-art of the European techno-digitalicus psychiatrist and psychiatry trainee.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Involvement of the intestinal microbiota in the formation of neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Sidenkova A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionIncreased life expectancy, increased prevalence of neurocognitive disorders, various aspects of the concept of “age” and pathogenic the influence of late age on the formation of cognitive deficit was the basis for this study. Bi-directional communication between the brain and the intestine is continuous and supported by the mechanisms that carry out the work of the axis “brain-gut”. Increased life expectancy, increased prevalence of neurocognitive disorders,various aspects of the concept of “age” and pathogenicthe influence of late age on the formation of cognitive deficit was the basis for this study. Bi-directional communicationbetween the brain and the intestine is continuous and supported by the mechanisms that carry out the work of the axis“brain-gut”ObjectivesStudied relationships between microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract and CNS diverse and dynamic, including in relation to to age and the aging process. Studied relationships betweenmicrobiota of the gastrointestinal tract and CNSdiverse and dynamic, including in relation toto age and the aging process.MethodsMicrobiotic a person’s profile is age-specific. Changes in microbial middle age increase mental, cognitive problems in the elderly and senile age.ResultsDysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in AD triggers neuroinflammation, which contributes to the accumulation of Aβ in brain structures and pathological cleavage of the tau protein, which leads to disruption of the functions of microglia, hippocampus, and synaptic transmission. The emergence of a two-way connection through the vagus nerve system between the formations of the digestive tract containing microbiota and the CNS with the formation of a “vicious circle” with the development of age-related pathological processes in the CNS. The diverse and multilevel process of aging in its pathological form embraced the active participation of mental adaptation.ConclusionsInvolvement of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of the disease Alzheimer’s suggests that the correction intestinal microflora may have potential value for the prevention of cognitive damage and / or be included in the therapeutic complex, which requires further study and analysis. Involvement of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of the diseaseAlzheimer’s suggests that the correctionintestinal microflora may have potentialvalue for the prevention of cognitive damage and / or be included in the therapeutic complex, whichrequires further study and analysisDisclosure of InterestNone Declared
Depression and Decay - A Case of Major Depressive Disorder with Psychotic Features in an Elderly Patient with Cancer
Authors: Wee Yun Qing E. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMajor Depressive Disorder is a common psychiatric diagnosis among elderly patients with cancer. More than 10% of cancer patients suffer from Depression, which negatively impacts their quality of life. Mood symptoms are treated pharmacologically with antidepressant medications, while psychotic symptoms are treated with antipsychotic medications. Electroconvulsive Therapy may be initiated early for psychotic depression.ObjectivesThe objective of this case is to present a patient with Major Depressive Disorder, who developed psychotic symptoms after a diagnosis of malignancy, and to suggest early initiation of Electroconvulsive Therapy for treatment.Methods: Case ReportMs G is a 68-year-old female who presented with low mood, worries, poor sleep, anhedonia and suicidal ideation. She complained of abdominal bloatedness and was reviewed by Gynaecology, who discovered a large ovarian mass, likely malignant in nature. Within days of the diagnosis, the patient developed nihilistic delusions, believing that her body was decaying and filled with poison. She was distressed and worried that the poison would spread to others around her. Risperidone was initiated and uptitrated, with limited improvement. As early surgical removal of the ovarian tumour was advised, it was essential that the patient’s mental state be quickly stabilised. She was hence initiated on Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT). The patient underwent a total of 11 sessions of ECT. She was initially started on daily sessions, and the frequency gradually tapered.ResultsThe patient’s mental state improved. She was then continued on oral medications, and discharged home well to proceed with her Gynaecological surgery.ConclusionsThis is a case of Major Depressive Disorder with psychotic symptoms that emerged after a diagnosis of malignancy. This case illustrates the importance of routine screening for psychotic symptoms, including nihilistic delusions, in elderly patients with Major Depressive Disorder who are newly diagnosed with cancer. It may be beneficial to consider early Electroconvulsive Therapy when treating such patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Elderly depression in front-line health services:A descriptive and evaluative
cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahfoudh K. , Ouertani A. , Aissa A. , Maddouri S. , Ouali U. , Jomli R. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Depression is a common pathology in the elderly, often unrecognized and mostly
affiliated to the consequences of aging,especially in front-line services. It induces somatic
and functional impact and even a suicidal risk.
When unrecognized or neglected, depression can reduce life expectancy and increases
the use of healthcare and the institutionalization.

Objectives
-Determine the point-prevalence of depression in the elderly in a front-line heath
service in Tunis.

-
Identify risk factors of depression in the elderly.

Methods
A descriptive and evaluative cross-sectional study on a sample of patients aged 65 or
more, in a tunisian front-line service of general health care regardless of the medical
reason.
Sociodemographic and clinical forms along with the PHQ-9 scale (Patient health
questionnaire-9)

-
validated in tunisian dialect- were used.

Results
Thirty patients have participated in our study (21 men and 9 women). The average age
was 73.23 years. Chronic pathologies were found in 96.66% of cases.
The found risk factors are: female sex in 70% of cases, loneliness and isolation in
10% of cases, widowhood in 50% of cases, grieving in 6.6% of cases and somatic comorbidity in
96 .66% of cases.
The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms was 53.33%. This is correlated with
advanced age and female sex (57.14% in women vs 33.33% in men).
The depressive symptomatology found, was mild in 18.5% of cases, average in 62.5% of
cases and moderately severe in 18.5% of cases.

Conclusions
Depression is a frequent pathology in the elderly with multiple risk factors. The
aging of the Tunisian population on one hand and the change of the social model (family
nucleus) on the other, encourage the early detection of depression in the elderly and the
training of the health professionals in order to limit its prevalence.

Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
You Look Good Enough to Eat: A Brief Exploration of Human Cannibalism and Mental Illness
Authors: Jesus S. , Costa A. R. , Simões G. , Gomes A. I. , Garrido P. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAlthough evidence of cannibalism in humans dates back millennia, for most civilized societies, it is an unthinkable act of violence and strictly taboo. It is commonly relegated to the domain of horror films and literature, often associated with the likes of Jeffrey Dahmer or Hannibal Lecter. However, for some, this theme encompasses a pathological or sexual realm. Vorarephilia or sexual cannibalism is, at its simplest level, a psychosexual disorder characterized by the erotic desire to be consumed by, or to personally consume, another human being´s flesh.ObjectivesThe authors aim to review human sexual cannibalism as a concept and its eventual relationship to mental illness with recourse to the description of cases of human cannibalism documented in the literature.MethodsA brief non-systematized literature review utilizing various databases including Pubmed and Google Scholar, as well as complimentary literature and case reports when pertinent to the theme was performed.ResultsAlthough cannibalism is a common phenomenon in the animal kingdom, its expression in humans is assumed to be a minority occurrence and relegated to stories of a more primal past. Pathological cannibalism is an extremely rare occurrence and has been described in association with severe psychotic mental illness and extreme forms of significant paraphilia. Sexual cannibalism appears as a rarity in humans and although the majority with this paraphilia do not partake in actual human consumption, remaining a fantasy-based desire, cases of cannibalism have been reported and tried.ConclusionsEating the flesh of one’s own species is probably one of the few remaining taboos in modern human societies. In humans, cannibalism is a rare occurrence and has been associated with mental illness. Due to the rarity of this phenomenon, with few cases documented in the literature, the underlying etiology, as well as potential environmental and individual risk factors are still to be defined, indicating a potential for further study.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
UNTIL IT BURSTS OR ALL OF US BURST. A SCHIZOTYPICAL CASE.
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez B. , Navarro Barriga N. , Fernández Lozano M. , Mateos Sexmero M. J. , Andreo Vidal M. A. , Calvo Valcárcel M. , Martínez Gimeno P. , Pando Fernández M. P. , Aparicio Parras A. , Guillén Soto M. D. L. Á. , Jiménez Aparicio T. , Vallecillo Adame M. D. C. , de Andrés Lobo C. , Gonzaga Ramírez A. A. , Guerra Valera G. , Queipo de Llano de la Viuda M. , Esperesate Pajares M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSchizotypal disorder is conceptualized as a stable personality pathology (Cluster A) and as a latent manifestation of schizophrenia. It can be understood as an attenuated form of psychosis or high-risk mental state, which may precede the onset of schizophrenia or represent a more stable form of psychopathology that doesn’t necessarily progress to psychosis.ObjectivesTo exemplify the continuum of psychosisMethodsReview of scientific literature based on a relevant clinical case.Results39-year-old male living with his parents. He started studying philosophy. He is a regular cannabis user and has an aunt with schizophrenia. He’s admitted to psychiatry for behavioral disturbance in public. He refers to having been hearing a beeping noise in his street for months, what he interprets as a possible way of being watched due to his past ideology. Without specifying who and why, he sometimes shouts “until it bursts” to stop the noise and he thinks that his neighbours alerted the police about his behavior. During the interview he alludes to Milgram’s experiment, saying that throughout history there have been crimes against humanity and those who pointed them out were labeled “crazy”. His father refers that he has always been “strange” and with certain extravagant revolutionary ideas and thoughts. He doesn’t maintain social relationships and dedicates himself to reading and writing.ConclusionsIt’s important to understand psychosis as a continuum to advance the understanding of etiology, pathophysiology and resilience of psychotic disorders and to develop strategies for prevention and early interventionDisclosure of InterestNone Declared
Mindfulness Practices in borderline personality disorder: A review of the literature
Authors: Mariem C. , Gros M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionBorderline personality disorder (BPD), also known as emotionally unstable personality disorder is a severe disorder of emotional regulation. In people with BPD, mood swings are extreme, relationships are uncertain, and emotions are difficult to control, suicide and self-destructive behaviors are extremely common. medical treatment can certainly reduce the symptoms and suffering of people with BPD, but it is still not enough. The treatment is mainly based on psychotherapy especially Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) focuses on the concept of mindfulness, or paying attention to the present emotion.ObjectivesTo assess the current level of evidence for mindfulness in BPD.Methodsa systematic review was performed using the database PubMed / Medline, using the following keywords: “MCBT”; “DBT”; “Mindfulness Therapy”;” BPD”; “Borderline personality”.ResultsResearch shows that the mindfulness therapy approach teaches skills for controlling intense emotions and reducing self-destructive behaviors. Decentering appears to play a crucial role in the treatment as a primary mechanism of action in this therapy.Conclusionsresults suggest that the Mindfulness therapy is a main component for BPD treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Military psychological trauma: The contribution of EMDR
Authors: Falfel D. , Kefi K. , Bechikh C. , Kefi H. , Edhiff S. , Oumaya A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe treatment of psychological trauma is an integral part of the health care provided to military patients in Tunisia. For patients with PTSD several therapeutic options are proposed to patients as EMDR but there are various barriers to the use of EMDR . It seems that being patients consider the therapy which necessitate recognition and expression of emotional distress as a weakness. Added to that patients may be judged negatively by others and experiencing social rejection and isolation which limited the use of EMDR in a military setting.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to study the contribution of the EMDR associated to pharmacological treatment in PTSD among military patients comparing to patients who received only medication .MethodsThe study was conducted since 2021 during ten months at the military hospital concerned two groups of patients with PTSD the first one composed of four military patients with PTSD who received 11 sessions of EMDR associated to medication and the second one four patients exposed to the same trauma under medication only. The evolution oftroubles were assessed using PCL-5 scale and medication compliance was assessed by psychometric scale MARS .Other data was gathered from medical files .ResultsThe first group of four military patients who were followed for PTSD since a year under pharmacological treatment presented sleep disorders with flaschbaks and nightmares , . The patients consulted for a depressive disorder and asocial isolation with feelings of insecurity about others. Psychiatrists proposed to associate 11 sessions of EMDR . At the end of sessions the evolution was interesting with regression of symptoms and remission comparing to the second group who presented relapses ten months later.ConclusionsTo improve symptoms of PTSD The use of EMDR is not systematic in a culture where emotional expression is restrictive in an environment that favors the intellect over the emotions. However EMDR can help the military patients with PTSD to link cognition to the emotions. PsychiatristS should propose this therapy as well as possible to patient with severe trauma to avoid relapse .Disclosure of InterestNone Declared