bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of triazole antifungal therapeutic drug monitoring: Insights from the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists
Authors: McCreary Erin K. , Davis Matthew R. , Narayanan Navaneeth , Andes David R. , Cattaneo Dario , Christian Robbie , Lewis Russell E. , Watt Kevin M. , Wiederhold Nathan P. , Johnson Melissa D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTriazole antifungals (i.e., fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole) are commonly used in clinical practice to prevent or treat invasive fungal infections. Most triazole antifungals require therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) due to highly variable pharmacokinetics, known drug interactions, and established relationships between exposure and response. On behalf of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP), this insight describes the pharmacokinetic principles and pharmacodynamic targets of commonly used triazole antifungals and provides the rationale for utility of TDM within each agent.
Research progress of plant‐derived natural alkaloids in central nervous system diseases
Authors: Zhang Qingqing , Jiang Qinghua , Sa Kuiru , Liang Junming , Sun Dejuan , Li Hua , Chen Lixia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) disease is one of the most important causes of human death. Because of their complex pathogenesis, more and more attention has been paid to them. At present, drug treatment of the CNS is the main means; however, most drugs only relieve symptoms, and some have certain toxicity and side effects. Natural compounds derived from plants can provide safer and more effective alternatives. Alkaloids are common nitrogenous basic organic compounds found in nature, which exist widely in many kinds of plants and have unique application value in modern medicine. For example, Galantamine and Huperzine A from medicinal plants are widely used drugs on the market to treat Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to provide the available information on natural alkaloids with the activity of treating central nervous system diseases in order to explore the trends and perspectives for the further study of central nervous system drugs. In this paper, 120 alkaloids with the potential effect of treating central nervous system diseases are summarized from the aspects of sources, structure types, mechanism of action and structure–activity relationship.
Subselection of seasonal ensemble precipitation predictions for East Africa
Authors: Heinrich‐Mertsching Claudio , Sørland Silje Lund , Gudoshava Masilin , Koech Eunice , Bahaga Titike K. , Sobolowski Stefan Pieter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) is highly vulnerable to climate and weather hazards such as drought, heat waves, and floods. There is a need for accurate seasonal forecasts to prepare for risks (such as crop failure and reduced grazing opportunities) and take advantage of favorable conditions (rains arrive on time and where they are needed) when they arise. As such, information at finer spatial scales than current state‐of‐the‐art global prediction models can provide is needed. Dynamical downscaling is one method employed to obtain information at finer scales. However, providers of seasonal forecasts over the GHA are hampered by limited computational resources and time constraints that restrict the number of global model ensemble members that can be downscaled. Some ensemble subselection criteria must be employed. Currently, providers take an uninformed (or random) approach. Specifically, forecasters simply take the first ensemble member of the global model seasonal forecast ensemble. However, recent work, focused on decadal prediction, has shown that subselecting global model ensemble members in an informed way, that is, according to their ability to reproduce key features of the climate system, results in improved predictions. This emerges from the fact that the climate system is likely more predictable than our models would have us believe. Seeing an opportunity for improvement, we apply the same thinking to the seasonal context and assess several procedures for subselecting ensemble members from seasonal predictions with exchangeable members. Such informed subselections have the potential to take advantage of information in an ensemble of global simulations that might be missed by random selection. Three subselection methods are investigated, with a focus on seasonal predictions for rainfall over GHA. We demonstrate that informed subselection leads to systematically higher skill than random subselection. We find that (1) for small subsample sizes, such as would be chosen for dynamical downscaling and/or downstream impact modeling, informed subselection nearly always outperforms random subselection, (2) subselecting based on well‐known teleconnections benefits those seasons in which such pathways are active, such as OND and JJAS, and (3) ‐means subselection outperforms random selection for small ensemble sizes throughout all seasons, including the notoriously difficult to predict MAM season. These techniques require only input that is available at the time of the forecast release and are easy to apply operationally.
Command filtered backstepping‐based containment control for a class of multi‐agent systems with uncertainty
Authors: Jiang Mengyi , Yang Yonghui , Gao Chuang , Wu Libing 
Published: July 2023

SummaryIn this paper, a novel containment control scheme is designed for multi‐agent systems with unknown parameters and unknown control coefficients. To achieve the containment control goal, containment reference signals are generated using a certain number of dynamic leaders. Then, the followers directly receiving the reference signals can track their generated reference signals, and the rest of the followers track a certain number of estimated signals generated by designed dynamic equations. Under the backstepping framework, uncertainties of a multi‐agent system are compensated for through the adaptive bound estimation method. Additionally, the command filtered technique is adopted to avoid the cumbersome steps of multiple derivative calculations, and to simplify the operations of the control scheme. Finally, the stability of the closed‐loop multi‐agent system is proved based on the Lyapunov theory. The advantage of the proposed scheme is that the containment reference signal and the position between followers can be adjusted arbitrarily by adjusting the relevant parameters. Through simulations, the effectiveness and superiority of the designed controller are verified.
Event‐triggered‐based secure adaptive NN consensus tracking control of switched multi‐agent systems
Authors: Li Xuejiao , Long Lijun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of event‐triggered‐based secure adaptive neural‐networked (NN) consensus tracking control for a class of switched nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with unknown control directions under network attacks. In order to mitigate the effects of sensor and actuator attacks, a new event‐triggered‐based secure adaptive NN consensus tracking control protocol is proposed by exploring backstepping and the average dwell time method and the Nussbaum gain technique. In addition, if the switching happens between any two consecutive triggering instants, then asynchronous switching between subsystems of each follower and candidate controllers of subsystems will arise. Without any strict limitation on maximum asynchronous time, the asynchronous switching is handled by constructing a novel switching event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) and event‐triggered‐based adaptive NN controllers of subsystems for each follower. Meanwhile, the protocol proposed can guarantee that consensus tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. Also, a strictly positive lower bound on inter‐event time is guaranteed. Finally, a practical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed protocol.
Bidirectional Communication between Droplet Interface Bilayers Driven by Cell‐Free Quorum Sensing Gene Circuits**
Authors: Gonzales David T. , Suraritdechachai Surased , Zechner Christoph , Tang T.‐Y. Dora 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBuilding synthetic multicellular systems using non‐living molecular components is a grand challenge in the field of bottom‐up synthetic biology. Towards this goal, a diverse range of chemistries have been developed to provide mechanisms of intercellular communication and methods to assemble multicellular compartments. However, building bottom‐up synthetic multicellular systems is still challenging because it requires the integration of intercellular reaction networks with compatible cellular compartment properties. In this study, we encapsulated cell‐free expression systems (CFES) expressing two quorum sensing genetic circuits into droplet interface bilayer (DIB) synthetic cells to demonstrate bidirectional communication. We further develop a method of generating custom DIB multicellular structures by acoustic liquid handling to automatically dispense the CFES droplets and show the potential for multiplexing compartmentalized gene circuits for generating heterogeneous populations of cells. Our work provides a step towards building more complex multicellular systems with intercellular communication from the bottom‐up to study and experimentally model biological multiscalar processes.
Cherishing Immigrant Parents' Aspiration to Support Multilingual Children's Literacy Development Across Languages
Authors: Song Kwangok 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs children of immigrants are increasing in number across the U.S. classrooms, schools need to develop strategies to engage with immigrant families. Structural and attitudinal issues in the school system create challenges in communicating with immigrant parents. Immigrant parents have high expectations for their children's academic achievement because they view education can bring mobility and stability to their children's future. Immigrant parents also desire that their children continue developing their home language for familial communication and transnational engagement. To enhance the home‐school connections and to promote family engagement, teachers can first diligently communicate with parents. They can also learn about immigrant families' meaning‐making activities at home and in communities. Teachers can also advocate for children of immigrants' home language development.
A transdisciplinary and collaborative urban water security framework: Developed through an interdisciplinary study in Kolkata, India
Authors: Mukherjee Subham , Sundberg Trude 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUrban water security (UWS) is and will remain a crucial issue over the next decades, especially as it is exacerbated by climate change effects and related hazards. Despite the growing number of studies focusing on more diverse dimensions, including social dimensions, of water security and urban dynamics, there is still an absence of comprehensive, interdisciplinary UWS measurement index that takes into account the complexity and multidimensional aspects of water security. This article discusses a new, transdisciplinary community‐focused approach to analyzing and responding to water insecurity. It draws on findings from a large study carried out over 4 years with a focus on creating a new and comprehensive way of measuring water security, incorporating biophysical and social factors. The project collected data in Kolkata, India. Kolkata is an important megacity in a developing country, facing rising pressures on water‐environmental provision due to rapid population growth and urbanization combined with governance and infrastructural issues. The project team worked collaboratively with affected communities to create a comprehensive framework for measuring and evaluating water security for cities. A water justice approach to water security we argue is particularly important in emerging countries, and one that can be effectively applied to environments where urban growth and resultant shrinking resources have created complicated and fragile systems. This approach adds to existing knowledge and research that focuses on collaborative interdisciplinary methods that aim to create solutions that can help create a sustainable water secure future “leaving no one behind.”
Mastering System Monitoring and Control
Authors: Witczak Marcin , Seybold Lothar , Bulach Eric , Maucher Niko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe chapter aims at exploiting the methods and tools described in the preceding parts to develop a set of selected process monitoring and control schemes. In particular, it starts with the transportation system, which operates on a set of selected routes. To measure the performance of such a system, a suitable cost function is introduced, which can be monitored and controlled by the designated supervisor. The proposed approach also allows determining the availability of the transportation system, which can be used as an additional measure for performance improvements. Subsequently, a quality control system design approach is proposed. The proposed system can be either manual or automatic. Irrespective of the selected method, it is shown how to determine a set of suitable statistical measures along with the p chart. Such a quality control system is capable of making binary quality decisions about the product being controlled. Thus, to overcome this restriction, a demerit quality control system is introduced. As a result, a set of useful statistical measures is obtained along with the practical demerit control chart. The last process monitoring strategy aims at calculating and visualizing overall equipment efficiency, which is widely perceived as a key measurement tool for assessing both productivity and efficiency. Finally, the chapter is summarized with a set of training exercises, which can be considered the master level test concerning KIS.ME-oriented skills.
KIS.API: Towards External Communication
Authors: Witczak Marcin , Seybold Lothar , Bulach Eric , Maucher Niko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to provide a concise overview of KIS.API, which can be used for effective communication with external applications. In particular, the chapter starts with a general overview of KIS.API along with preliminary steps pertaining to KIS.API user registration and authorization in KIS.MANAGER. Subsequently, it is shown how to access essential functionalities explained in the preceding chapters through the KIS.API framework. Thus, the reader will be able to access the asset and user groups as well as the assets themselves. Another crucial point of this chapter is concerned with accessing data through Datapoints as well as calculated Datapoints and KPIs. Subsequently, the mechanism of Rule engine is confronted with KIS.API. In particular, it is show how to access information about the rules designed in KIS.MANGER as well as how to trigger the rules from external applications. With all the above-listed components, the concept of websockets is introduced along with sample applications concerning two-way communication with KIS.ME. Finally, the chapter is summarized with a set of training exercises concerning KIS.API-oriented skills.
Bitwuzla
Authors: Niemetz Aina , Preiner Mathias 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBitwuzla is a new SMT solver for the quantifier-free and quantified theories of fixed-size bit-vectors, arrays, floating-point arithmetic, and uninterpreted functions. This paper serves as a comprehensive system description of its architecture and components. We evaluate Bitwuzla’s performance on all benchmarks of supported logics in SMT-LIB and provide a comparison against other state-of-the-art SMT solvers.
Searching for i-Good Lemmas to Accelerate Safety Model Checking
Authors: Xia Yechuan , Becchi Anna , Cimatti Alessandro , Griggio Alberto , Li Jianwen , Pu Geguang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract/ and its variants have been the prominent approaches to safety model checking in recent years. Compared to the previous model-checking algorithms like (Bounded Model Checking) and (Interpolation Model Checking), / is attractive due to its completeness (vs. ) and scalability (vs. ). / maintains an over-approximate state sequence for proving the correctness. Although the sequence refinement methodology is known to be crucial for performance, the literature lacks a systematic analysis of the problem. We propose an approach based on the definition of i- good lemmas, and the introduction of two kinds of heuristics, i.e., and , to steer the search towards the construction of $$i$$-good lemmas. The approach is applicable to and its variant (Complementary Approximate Reachability), and it is very easy to integrate within existing systems. We implemented the heuristics into two open-source model checkers, and , as well as into the mature platform, and carried out an extensive experimental evaluation on HWMCC benchmarks. The results show that the proposed heuristics can effectively compute more $$i$$-good lemmas, and thus improve the performance of all the above checkers.
Decision Procedures for Sequence Theories
Authors: Jeż Artur , Lin Anthony W. , Markgraf Oliver , Rümmer Philipp 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSequence theories are an extension of theories of strings with an infinite alphabet of letters, together with a corresponding alphabet theory (e.g. linear integer arithmetic). Sequences are natural abstractions of extendable arrays, which permit a wealth of operations including append, map, split, and concatenation. In spite of the growing amount of tool support for theories of sequences by leading SMT-solvers, little is known about the decidability of sequence theories, which is in stark contrast to the state of the theories of strings. We show that the decidable theory of strings with concatenation and regular constraints can be extended to the world of sequences over an alphabet theory that forms a Boolean algebra, while preserving decidability. In particular, decidability holds when regular constraints are interpreted as parametric automata (which extend both symbolic automata and variable automata), but fails when interpreted as register automata (even over the alphabet theory of equality). When length constraints are added, the problem is Turing-equivalent to word equations with length (and regular) constraints. Similar investigations are conducted in the presence of symbolic transducers, which naturally model sequence functions like map, split, filter, etc. We have developed a new sequence solver, SeCo, based on parametric automata, and show its efficacy on two classes of benchmarks: (i) invariant checking on array-manipulating programs and parameterized systems, and (ii) benchmarks on symbolic register automata.
Solving String Constraints Using SAT
Authors: Lotz Kevin , Goel Amit , Dutertre Bruno , Kiesl-Reiter Benjamin , Kong Soonho , Majumdar Rupak , Nowotka Dirk 
Published: July 2023

AbstractString solvers are automated-reasoning tools that can solve combinatorial problems over formal languages. They typically operate on restricted first-order logic formulas that include operations such as string concatenation, substring relationship, and regular expression matching. String solving thus amounts to deciding the satisfiability of such formulas. While there exists a variety of different string solvers, many string problems cannot be solved efficiently by any of them. We present a new approach to string solving that encodes input problems into propositional logic and leverages incremental SAT solving. We evaluate our approach on a broad set of benchmarks. On the logical fragment that our tool supports, it is competitive with state-of-the-art solvers. Our experiments also demonstrate that an eager SAT-based approach complements existing approaches to string solving in this specific fragment.
The lively siblings of the Pentagon theorem
Authors: Hungerbühler Norbert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe five circles in the classical Pentagon theorem of Miquel are given as circumcircles of five certain triangles in the pentagon. If one chooses instead the circumcircles of five other triangles, one gets a different configuration of circles. This resulting configuration of circles carries three families of five concyclic quadruples of points. Together with the five circumcircles this gives a total of 20 circles. The radical axes of each two of these twenty circles are all concurrent.
Smoking reduction using electronic nicotine delivery systems in combination with nicotine skin patches
Authors: Rose Jed E. , Frisbee Suzanne , Campbell David , Salley Alfred , Claerhout Susan , Davis James M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Rationale
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are used by smokers seeking to reduce combustible cigarette (CC) use, but the role of nicotine replacement vs. behavioral and sensory factors is still poorly understood. We hypothesized that providing nicotine from ENDS in addition to nicotine skin patches would promote smoking reduction relative to non-nicotine control ENDS.

Objectives
To assess the effects on smoking behavior of using nicotine vs. placebo ENDS in smokers using nicotine vs. placebo patches.

Methods
Ninety-four daily smokers were enrolled in a study that randomly assigned them to receive ENDS with nicotine vs. without nicotine and skin patches with vs. without nicotine. Smoking reduction and cessation were assessed over an 8-week period by self-report and by expired air carbon monoxide (CO) measurements. The primary outcome was defined as reduction in expired air CO.

Results
The use of nicotine in ENDS led to significant reductions in smoking (ENDS nicotine vs. placebo difference in CO change = −9.2 ppm; 90% CI (−1.5 ppm, −16.9 ppm)) and was highly correlated with reductions in self-reported cigarettes per day (r=0.6). The effect of nicotine in nicotine patches was not statistically significant (patch nicotine vs. placebo difference in CO change = −0.1 ppm; 90% CI (−7.8 ppm, 7.6 ppm)).

Conclusions
The presence of nicotine in ENDS was associated with a large reduction in smoking. Additional studies will be needed to determine whether there may be additive effects of nicotine ENDS and nicotine patches on smoking abstinence.