bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Detection of Co‐Seismic Ionospheric Disturbances Associated With the 2015 Illapel, the 2014 Iquique and the 2011 Sanriku‐Oki Earthquakes
Authors: Sanchez S. A. , Kherani E. A. , Astafyeva E. , de Paula E. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCo‐seismic Ionospheric disturbances (CID, or “ionoquakes”) are disturbances in the electron density or total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere, produced by the ground motion due to earthquakes. Usually, ionoquakes are detected in the near‐epicentral region within 8–10 min after an earthquake onset time. In this work, we present a new methodology that allows to estimate the CID arrival time based on determining the CID peak time in TEC measurements with respect to the peak time of seismic waves registered by the nearest seismic station. Our methodology also allows to understand the altitude of GNSS detection that otherwise remains ambiguous. We apply the newly developed techniques to detect CID signatures associated with three large earthquakes: the 2015 Illapel, the 2014 Iquique, and the 2011 Sanriku‐Oki. We show that for these events, the CID arrive 250–430 s after the time of the seismic wave peak, or 350–700 s after the earthquake onset time. Our analysis show that the first CID are detected at the altitudes of 150–180 km (the Sanriku earthquake) and of 200–300 km (the Illapel and the Iquique earthquakes). The disturbances represent high‐frequency acoustic oscillations that propagate with a horizontal speed faster than 0.75 km/s.
Upper Bounds of Maximum Land Surface Temperatures in a Warming Climate and Limits to Plant Growth
Authors: Aminzadeh Milad , Or Dani , Stevens Bjorn , AghaKouchak Amir , Shokri Nima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtremely high land surface temperatures affect soil ecological processes, alter land‐atmosphere interactions, and may limit some forms of life. Extreme surface temperature hotspots are presently identified using satellite observations or deduced from complex Earth system models. We introduce a simple, yet physically based analytical approach that incorporates salient land characteristics and atmospheric conditions to globally identify locations of extreme surface temperatures and their upper bounds. We then provide a predictive tool for delineating the spatial extent of land hotspots at the limits to biological adaptability. The model is in good agreement with satellite observations showing that temperature hotspots are associated with high radiation and low wind speed and occur primarily in Middle East and North Africa, with maximum temperatures exceeding 85°C during the study period from 2005 to 2020. We observed an increasing trend in maximum surface temperatures at a rate of 0.17°C/decade. The model allows quantifying how upper bounds of extreme temperatures can increase in a warming climate in the future for which we do not have satellite observations and offers new insights on potential impacts of future warming on limits to plant growth and biological adaptability.
Estimating Permafrost Distribution Using Co‐Located Temperature and Electrical Resistivity Measurements
Authors: Uhlemann S. , Shirley I. , Wielandt S. , Ulrich C. , Wang C. , Fiolleau S. , Peterson J. , Lamb J. , Thaler E. , Rowland J. , Hubbard S. S. , Dafflon B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAssessing the lateral and vertical extent of permafrost is critical to understanding the fate of Arctic ecosystems under climate change. Yet, direct measurements of permafrost distribution and temperature are often limited to a small number of borehole locations. Here, we assess the use of co‐located shallow temperature and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements to estimate at high‐resolution the distribution of permafrost in three watersheds underlain by discontinuous permafrost. Synthetic modeling shows that co‐located temperature and ERT measurements allow for supervised classification schemes that provide 60% higher accuracy compared to unsupervised methods. Linking resistivity and size of the identified permafrost bodies to surface observations, we show that tall vegetation (>0.5 m) and gentle slopes (<15°) are related to warmer and smaller permafrost bodies, and a more frequent occurrence of taliks.
Observed Loss of Polar Mesospheric Ozone Following Substorm‐Driven Electron Precipitation
Authors: Chapman‐Smith Keeta , Seppälä Annika , Rodger Craig J. , Hendy Aaron , Forsyth Colin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeveral drivers cause precipitation of energetic electrons into the atmosphere. While some of these drivers are accounted for in proxies of energetic electron precipitation (EEP) used in atmosphere and climate models, it is unclear to what extent the proxies capture substorm‐induced EEP. The energies of these electrons allow them to reach altitudes between 55 and 95 km. EEP‐driven enhanced ionization is known to result in production of HOx and NOx, which catalytically destroy ozone. Substorm‐driven ozone loss has previously been simulated, but has not been observed before. We use mesospheric ozone observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder and Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars instruments, to investigate the loss of ozone during substorms. Following substorm onset, we find reductions of polar mesospheric (∼76 km) ozone by up to 21% on average. This is the first observational evidence demonstrating the importance of substorms on the ozone balance within the polar atmosphere.
Effect of Baseline Period on Quantification of Climate Extremes Over the United States
Authors: Thomas Natalie P. , Marquardt Collow Allison B. , Bosilovich Michael G. , Dezfuli Amin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtreme climate events are societally harmful and have increased in frequency and intensity in recent decades. Indices based on temperature and precipitation are a valuable way to quantify climate extremes. Certain indices are defined relative to percentiles, which are dependent on a climatological baseline period. In this study, indices computed using temperature and precipitation from the Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 are calculated using percentiles from three baseline periods: 1981–2010, 1991–2020 and 1981–2020. Updating the baseline period from 1981 to 2010 to 1991–2020 leads to significant changes in the quantification of temperature and precipitation extremes over the United States over 1980–2021. Using the later baseline period indicates more cold extremes, fewer warm extremes, and fewer but more intense precipitation extremes throughout the US, with regional variation. Changing the baseline period can mislead the public and decision makers, potentially undermining the appropriate response to climate‐related health risks.
Solar Cycle Precursors and the Outlook for Cycle 25
Authors: Upton L. A. , Hathaway D. H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSunspot Cycle 25 over 3 years past the cycle minimum of December 2019. At this point, curve‐fitting becomes reliable and consistently indicates a maximum sunspot number of 135 ± 10—slightly larger than Cycle 24's maximum of 116.4, but well below the Cycles 1–24 average of 179 (ranging from 81 for Cycle 6 to 285 for Cycle 19). A geomagnetic precursor, the minimum in the aa‐index, and the Sun's magnetic precursors, the polar field strength and axial dipole moment at the time of minimum, are often used to predict the amplitude of the cycle at (or before) the onset of the cycle. We examine Cycle 25 predictions produced by these precursors. The geomagnetic precursor indicated a Cycle 25 slightly stronger than Cycle 24, with a maximum of 132 ± 8. The Sun's magnetic precursors indicated that Cycle 25 would be similar to Cycle 24, with a maximum sunspot number of 120 ± 10 or 114 ± 15. Combining the curve‐fitting results with the precursor predictions, we conclude that Cycle 25 will have a maximum smoothed sunspot number of 134 ± 8 with maximum occurring late in the fall of 2024. Models for predicting the Sun's magnetic field ahead of minimum, were generally successful at predicting the polar precursors years in advance. The fact that Sun's magnetic precursors at cycle minimum were successfully predicted years before minimum and that the precursors are consistent with the size of Cycle 25 suggests that we can now more reliably predict the solar cycle.
A Comparison of Multiple Approaches to Study the Modulation of Ocean Waves Due To Climate Variability
Authors: Liu Jin , Meucci Alberto , Young Ian R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing multiple approaches, the modulation of climate variability on global ocean waves from 1981 to 2020 is investigated based on a wave hindcast model forced by ERA5 winds. These climate variabilities include El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and Indian Ocean Dipole. Linear regression and composite analysis results indicate that El Niño‐induced low‐pressure systems in December–February (DJF) generate energetic waves in the Pacific Ocean. Positive AAO events are associated with the southward movement of westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere and thus produce long‐period Southern Ocean swell that impacts the South Pacific Ocean. In the Northern Hemisphere, positive AO is associated with strengthening winds which generate larger waves around the Icelandic region. An empirical orthogonal function approach was further undertaken to study interannual variability of significant wave height (Hs) anomalies. In DJF, mode 1 marks the impacts of ENSO and PDO in the Pacific Ocean and AO in the North Atlantic Ocean. Mode 2 is controlled by AO, which is characterized by a dipole pattern in the North Atlantic Ocean. Mode 3 describes the AAO footprints in the Southern Ocean and the eastern Pacific Ocean. In June–August, the leading mode is influenced by AAO and AMO. Mode 2 indicates the importance of ENSO and PDO which exhibit opposite patterns in the Pacific Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. Finally, a wavelet coherence analysis is conducted on the principal components and climate indexes, which shows their respective evolutions over the time–frequency domain.
Epidemiology and healthcare utilization of First Nations peoples living with spinal cord injury in Alberta: an observational study to explore health inequities
Authors: Wegenast Brett F. , Whitten Tara A. , Bakal Jeffrey A. , Bill Lea , Loyola-Sanchez Adalberto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Study design
Retrospective observational cohort study.

Objectives
Estimate spinal cord injury (SCI) prevalence in First Nations and non-First Nations populations and compare healthcare utilization as an indirect marker of health inequities.

Setting
Alberta, Canada.

Methods
We created a prevalent adult SCI cohort by identifying cases between April 1, 2002 and December 31, 2017 who were followed for common SCI complications and location of healthcare access from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 using administrative data sources housed within Alberta Health Services (AHS). First Nations and non-First Nations SCI cohorts were divided into SCI etiology: traumatic SCI (TSCI) and non-traumatic SCI (NTSCI). Statistical analyses compared prevalence, demographics, healthcare utilization, and SCI complication rates. A secondary analysis was performed using case matching for demographics, injury type, injury level, and comorbidities.

Results
TSCI prevalence: 248 and 117 per 100,000 in First Nations and non-First Nations cohorts, respectively. NTSCI prevalence: 74 and 50 per 100,000 in First Nations and non-First Nations cohorts, respectively. Visit rates were higher in the TSCI First Nations cohort for visits to General Practitioner (GP), Emergency Department (ED), inpatient visits, and inpatient days with higher complication rates due to pulmonary, genitourinary, skin, and ‘other’ causes after case matching. Visits rates were higher in the NTSCI First Nations cohort for GP and specialists without differences in complication types after case matching.

Conclusions
Significant differences exist between First Nations and non-First Nations cohorts living with SCI in Alberta, suggesting healthcare inequities against First Nations Peoples in this province.
Training-induced circuit-specific excitatory synaptogenesis in mice is required for effort control
Authors: Ulloa Severino Francesco Paolo , Lawal Oluwadamilola O. , Sakers Kristina , Wang Shiyi , Kim Namsoo , Friedman Alexander David , Johnson Sarah Anne , Sriworarat Chaichontat , Hughes Ryan H. , Soderling Scott H. , Kim Il Hwan , Yin Henry H. , Eroglu Cagla 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSynaptogenesis is essential for circuit development; however, it is unknown whether it is critical for the establishment and performance of goal-directed voluntary behaviors. Here, we show that operant conditioning via lever-press for food reward training in mice induces excitatory synapse formation onto a subset of anterior cingulate cortex neurons projecting to the dorsomedial striatum (ACC→DMS). Training-induced synaptogenesis is controlled by the Gabapentin/Thrombospondin receptor α2δ−1, which is an essential neuronal protein for proper intracortical excitatory synaptogenesis. Using germline and conditional knockout mice, we found that deletion of α2δ−1 in the adult ACC→DMS circuit diminishes training-induced excitatory synaptogenesis. Surprisingly, this manipulation does not impact learning but results in a significant increase in effort exertion without affecting sensitivity to reward value or changing contingencies. Bidirectional optogenetic manipulation of ACC→DMS neurons rescues or phenocopies the behaviors of the α2δ−1 cKO mice, highlighting the importance of synaptogenesis within this cortico-striatal circuit in regulating effort exertion.
Cold-programmed shape-morphing structures based on grayscale digital light processing 4D printing
Authors: Yue Liang , Sun Xiaohao , Yu Luxia , Li Mingzhe , Montgomery S. Macrae , Song Yuyang , Nomura Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Masato , Qi H. Jerry 
Published: September 2023

AbstractShape-morphing structures that can reconfigure their shape to adapt to diverse tasks are highly desirable for intelligent machines in many interdisciplinary fields. Shape memory polymers are one of the most widely used stimuli-responsive materials, especially in 3D/4D printing, for fabricating shape-morphing systems. They typically go through a hot-programming step to obtain the shape-morphing capability, which possesses limited freedom of reconfigurability. Cold-programming, which directly deforms the structure into a temporary shape without increasing the temperature, is simple and more versatile but has stringent requirements on material properties. Here, we introduce grayscale digital light processing (g-DLP) based 3D printing as a simple and effective platform for fabricating shape-morphing structures with cold-programming capabilities. With the multimaterial-like printing capability of g-DLP, we develop heterogeneous hinge modules that can be cold-programmed by simply stretching at room temperature. Different configurations can be encoded during 3D printing with the variable distribution and direction of the modular-designed hinges. The hinge module allows controllable independent morphing enabled by cold programming. By leveraging the multimaterial-like printing capability, multi-shape morphing structures are presented. The g-DLP printing with cold-programming morphing strategy demonstrates enormous potential in the design and fabrication of shape-morphing structures.
Real-world ANASTASE study of atezolizumab+nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment of PD-L1-positive metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Fabi Alessandra , Carbognin Luisa , Botticelli Andrea , Paris Ida , Fuso Paola , Savastano Maria Cristina , La Verde Nicla , Strina Carla , Pedersini Rebecca , Guarino Stefania , Curigliano Giuseppe , Criscitiello Carmen , Raffaele Mimma , Beano Alessandra , Franco Antonio , Valerio Maria Rosaria , Verderame Francesco , Fontana Andrea , Haspinger Eva Regina , Caldara Alessia , Di Leone Alba , Tortora Giampaolo , Giannarelli Diana , Scambia Giovanni 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe combination of atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel is recommended in the EU as first-line treatment for PD-L1-positive metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC), based on the results of phase III IMpassion130 trial. However, ‘real-world’ data on this combination are limited. The ANASTASE study (NCT05609903) collected data on atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel in PD-L1-positive mTNBC patients enrolled in the Italian Compassionate Use Program. A retrospective analysis was conducted in 29 Italian oncology centers among patients who completed at least one cycle of treatment. Data from 52 patients were gathered. Among them, 21.1% presented de novo stage IV; 78.8% previously received (neo)adjuvant treatment; 55.8% patients had only one site of metastasis; median number of treatment cycles was five (IQR: 3–8); objective response rate was 42.3% (95% CI: 28.9–55.7%). The median time-to-treatment discontinuation was 5 months (95% CI: 2.8–7.1); clinical benefit at 12 months was 45.8%. The median duration of response was 12.7 months (95% CI: 4.1–21.4). At a median follow-up of 20 months, the median progression-free survival was 6.3 months (95% CI: 3.9–8.7) and the median time to next treatment or death was 8.1 months (95% CI: 5.5–10.7). At 12 months and 24 months, the overall survival rates were 66.3% and 49.1%, respectively. The most common immune-related adverse events included rash (23.1%), hepatitis (11.5%), thyroiditis (11.5%) and pneumonia (9.6%). Within the ANASTASE study, patients with PD-L1-positive mTNBC treated with first-line atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel achieved PFS and ORR similar to those reported in the IMpassion130 study, with no unexpected adverse events.
Structural variation of the coding and non-coding human pharmacogenome
Authors: Tremmel Roman , Zhou Yitian , Schwab Matthias , Lauschke Volker M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGenetic variants in drug targets and genes encoding factors involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) can have pronounced impacts on drug pharmacokinetics, response, and toxicity. While the landscape of genetic variability at the level of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) has been extensively studied in these pharmacogenetic loci, their structural variation is only poorly understood. Thus, we systematically analyzed the genetic structural variability across 908 pharmacogenes (344 ADME genes and 564 drug targets) based on publicly available whole genome sequencing data from 10,847 unrelated individuals. Overall, we extracted 14,984 distinct structural variants (SVs) ranging in size from 50 bp to 106 Mb. Each individual harbored on average 10.3 and 1.5 SVs with putative functional effects that affected the coding regions of ADME genes and drug targets, respectively. In addition, by cross-referencing pharmacogenomic SVs with experimentally determined binding data of 224 transcription factors across 130 cell types, we identified 1276 non-coding SVs that overlapped with gene regulatory elements. Based on these data, we estimate that non-coding structural variants account for 22% of the genetically encoded pharmacogenomic variability. Combined, these analyses provide the first comprehensive map of structural variability across pharmacogenes, derive estimates for the functional impact of non-coding SVs and incentivize the incorporation of structural genomic data into personalized drug response predictions.
Addressing gaps in data on drinking water quality through data integration and machine learning: evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Ambel Alemayehu A. , Bain Robert , Degefu Tefera Bekele , Donmez Ayca , Johnston Richard , Slaymaker Tom 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMonitoring access to safely managed drinking water services requires information on water quality. An increasing number of countries have integrated water quality testing in household surveys however it is not anticipated that such tests will be included in all future surveys. Using water testing data from the 2016 Ethiopia Socio-Economic Survey (ESS) we developed predictive models to identify households using contaminated (≥1 E. coli per 100 mL) drinking water sources based on common machine learning classification algorithms. These models were then applied to the 2013–2014 and 2018–2019 waves of the ESS that did not include water testing. The highest performing model achieved good accuracy (88.5%; 95% CI 86.3%, 90.6%) and discrimination (AUC 0.91; 95% CI 0.89, 0.94). The use of demographic, socioeconomic, and geospatial variables provided comparable results to that of the full features model whereas a model based exclusively on water source type performed poorly. Drinking water quality at the point of collection can be predicted from demographic, socioeconomic, and geospatial variables that are often available in household surveys.
Four-dimensional ultrasound guided embryo transfers improve live birth rates when compared to the clinical touch technique: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nancarrow L. , Tempest Nicola , Lane S. , Homburg R. , Russell R. , Hapangama D. K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost aspects of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) have changed dramatically since introduction, but embryo transfer (ET) technique remains largely unaltered. We aimed to determine whether four-dimensional ultrasound guided embryo transfers (4D UGET) could improve pregnancy rates when compared with clinical touch technique (CTT). This was a single centre open labelled randomised controlled trial in a tertiary fertility centre in the UK. 320 women were randomised on the day of single ET. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), secondary outcomes included live birth rate (LBR), biochemical pregnancy rate (BPR), miscarriage, pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) and ectopic pregnancy. 4D-UGET resulted in significantly higher CPR [50% vs 36% p = 0.02, OR 1.78 (1.12–2.84)] and LBR [41% vs 28%, p = 0.02, OR 1.77 (1.09–2.87)] when compared to CTT technique. Miscarriage (p = 0.49), PUL (p = 0.14) and ectopic pregnancy (p = 0.96) were similar between the two groups. LBR, from this trial, are significantly higher than the current UK average (41% vs 24%). 4D UGET allows for superior imaging of the uterine cavity, whilst tailoring the embryo deposition point specifically to the patient. Further RCTs are required to determine if these results can be replicated in other units and whether 4D UGET is superior to 2D UGET.