bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli From Outpatient Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in a Large United States Integrated Healthcare Organization
Authors: Ku Jennifer H , Bruxvoort Katia J , Salas S Bianca , Varley Cara D , Casey Joan A , Raphael Eva , Robinson Sarah C , Nachman Keeve E , Lewin Bruno J , Contreras Richard , Wei Rong X , Pomichowski Magdalena E , Takhar Harpreet S , Tartof Sara Y 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause significant disease and economic burden. Uncomplicated UTIs (uUTIs) occur in otherwise healthy individuals without underlying structural abnormalities, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) accounting for 80% of cases. With recent transitions in healthcare toward virtual visits, data on multidrug resistance (MDR) (resistant to ≥3 antibiotic classes) by care setting are needed to inform empiric treatment decision making.

Methods
We evaluated UPEC resistance over time by care setting (in-person vs virtual), in adults who received outpatient care for uUTI at Kaiser Permanente Southern California between January 2016 and December 2021.

Results
We included 174 185 individuals who had ≥1 UPEC uUTI (233 974 isolates) (92% female, 46% Hispanic, mean age 52 years [standard deviation 20]). Overall, prevalence of UPEC MDR decreased during the study period (13% to 12%) both in virtual and in-person settings (P for trend &lt;.001). Resistance to penicillins overall (29%), coresistance to penicillins and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (12%), and MDR involving the 2 plus ≥1 antibiotic class were common (10%). Resistance to 1, 2, 3, and 4 antibiotic classes was found in 19%, 18%, 8%, and 4% of isolates, respectively; 1% were resistant to ≥5 antibiotic classes, and 50% were resistant to none. Similar resistance patterns were observed over time and by care setting.

Conclusions
We observed a slight decrease in both class-specific antimicrobial resistance and MDR of UPEC overall, most commonly involving penicillins and TMP-SMX. Resistance patterns were consistent over time and similar in both in-person and virtual settings. Virtual healthcare may expand access to UTI care.
Economic and Social Rights and the City
Authors: Jones Peris S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The challenges and possibilities associated with rapid urban change under late neoliberalism represents a dynamic new frontier for human rights. Three central arguments concerning the relationship between urban areas and human rights are made. First, an explicit entry point concerns increasing incorporation of international human rights standards into city governance through multiple transnational networks. An illustration is briefly provided of one initiative aimed toward this outcome, namely, the “Human Rights Cities” movement. Second, critical geographies of law and rights show, however, how urban space may be used to undermine, limit, or, alternatively, promote rights. In relation to this, the effects of economic and social rights litigation requires assessment also when placed in the broader context of the lawscape of cities. Third, more general concerns about the ability of human rights to tackle material and structural challenges signifies the importance of the right to the city (RTC). RTC draws attention to political and structural causes of rights violations in cities rather than focus on legal rights per se. The chapter argues that it is in the interstices of all three that give us an appreciation of how human rights are being urbanized, and from where we may begin to put in place not only an urban subgenre of human rights but also a more socially just city.
MADS-box protein PpDAM6 regulates chilling requirement-mediated dormancy and bud break in peach
Authors: Zhao Ya-Lin , Li Yong , Cao Ke , Yao Jia-Long , Bie Hang-Ling , Khan Irshad Ahmad , Fang Wei-Chao , Chen Chang-Wen , Wang Xin-Wei , Wu Jin-Long , Guo Wen-Wu , Wang Li-Rong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Bud dormancy is crucial for winter survival and is characterized by the inability of the bud meristem to respond to growth-promotive signals before the chilling requirement (CR) is met. However, our understanding of the genetic mechanism regulating CR and bud dormancy remains limited. This study identified PpDAM6 (DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box) as a key gene for CR using a genome-wide association study analysis based on structural variations in 345 peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) accessions. The function of PpDAM6 in CR regulation was demonstrated by transiently silencing the gene in peach buds and stably overexpressing the gene in transgenic apple (Malus × domestica) plants. The results showed an evolutionarily conserved function of PpDAM6 in regulating bud dormancy release, followed by vegetative growth and flowering, in peach and apple. The 30-bp deletion in the PpDAM6 promoter was substantially associated with reducing PpDAM6 expression in low-CR accessions. A PCR marker based on the 30-bp indel was developed to distinguish peach plants with non-low and low CR. Modification of the H3K27me3 marker at the PpDAM6 locus showed no apparent change across the dormancy process in low- and non-low- CR cultivars. Additionally, H3K27me3 modification occurred earlier in low-CR cultivars on a genome-wide scale. PpDAM6 could mediate cell–cell communication by inducing the expression of the downstream genes PpNCED1 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1), encoding a key enzyme for ABA biosynthesis, and CALS (CALLOSE SYNTHASE), encoding callose synthase. We shed light on a gene regulatory network formed by PpDAM6-containing complexes that mediate CR underlying dormancy and bud break in peach. A better understanding of the genetic basis for natural variations of CR can help breeders develop cultivars with different CR for growing in different geographical regions.
Metabolome plasticity in 241Arabidopsis thalianaaccessions reveals evolutionary cold adaptation processes
Authors: Weiszmann Jakob , Walther Dirk , Clauw Pieter , Back Georg , Gunis Joanna , Reichardt Ilka , Koemeda Stefanie , Jez Jakub , Nordborg Magnus , Schwarzerova Jana , Pierides Iro , Nägele Thomas , Weckwerth Wolfram 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcclimation and adaptation of metabolism to a changing environment are key processes for plant survival and reproductive success. In the present study, 241 natural accessions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were grown under two different temperature regimes, 16 °C and 6 °C, and growth parameters were recorded, together with metabolite profiles, to investigate the natural genome × environment effects on metabolome variation. The plasticity of metabolism, which was captured by metabolic distance measures, varied considerably between accessions. Both relative growth rates and metabolic distances were predictable by the underlying natural genetic variation of accessions. Applying machine learning methods, climatic variables of the original growth habitats were tested for their predictive power of natural metabolic variation among accessions. We found specifically habitat temperature during the first quarter of the year to be the best predictor of the plasticity of primary metabolism, indicating habitat temperature as the causal driver of evolutionary cold adaptation processes. Analyses of epigenome- and genome-wide associations revealed accession-specific differential DNA-methylation levels as potentially linked to the metabolome and identified FUMARASE2 as strongly associated with cold adaptation in Arabidopsis accessions. These findings were supported by calculations of the biochemical Jacobian matrix based on variance and covariance of metabolomics data, which revealed that growth under low temperatures most substantially affects the accession-specific plasticity of fumarate and sugar metabolism. Our findings indicate that the plasticity of metabolic regulation is predictable from the genome and epigenome and driven evolutionarily by Arabidopsis growth habitats.
The Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope: detector characterization and readout electronics testing
Authors: Varma S V Manoj , Tyagi Anurag , Joshi Bhushan , Yadav Reena , Chordia Pravin , Kumar Ghanshyam , Sinha Sakya , Burse Mahesh , Padinhatteri Sreejith , Deogaonkar Rushikesh , Ramaprakash A N , Ghosh Avyarthana , Tripathi Durgesh , Sarkar Janmejoy , Sankarasubramanian K , Nagaraju K , Vadodariya Koushal , Kesharwani Ravi , Khan Aafaque , Olekar Manjunath , Azaruddin Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) is one of the payloads onboard the Aditya-L1 mission. It will perform full disc imaging of the Sun in the near-ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range of 200–400 nm. This provides near-simultaneous observations of the Sun from the photosphere and chromosphere. A back-illuminated, enhanced UV charge coupled device (CCD) of size 4096 (H) × 4136 (V) pixels, with a pixel size of 12 μm, is used as an imaging element in SUIT. The CCD characterization and the readout electronics development and testing were performed in-house at the Space Astronomy Group, U R Rao Satellite Centre, ISRO. The test set-up and procedures are explained and the measured values of various parameters including noise, dark current, gain, linearity, and cross-talk are presented in this paper. The results show a satisfactory performance from the CCD as well as the readout electronics to meet the specifications required by the SUIT payload.
Modulation of WNT, Activin/Nodal, and MAPK Signaling Pathways Increases Arterial Hemogenic Endothelium and Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Formation During Human iPSC Differentiation
Authors: Li Yongqin , Ding Jianyi , Araki Daisuke , Zou Jizhong , Larochelle Andre 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeveral differentiation protocols enable the emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), yet optimized schemes to promote the development of HSPCs with self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and engraftment potential are lacking. To improve human iPSC differentiation methods, we modulated WNT, Activin/Nodal, and MAPK signaling pathways by stage-specific addition of small-molecule regulators CHIR99021, SB431542, and LY294002, respectively, and measured the impact on hematoendothelial formation in culture. Manipulation of these pathways provided a synergy sufficient to enhance formation of arterial hemogenic endothelium (HE) relative to control culture conditions. Importantly, this approach significantly increased production of human HSPCs with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties, as well as phenotypic and molecular evidence of progressive maturation in culture. Together, these findings provide a stepwise improvement in human iPSC differentiation protocols and offer a framework for manipulating intrinsic cellular cues to enable de novo generation of human HSPCs with functionality in vivo.
Milk osteopontin promotes intestinal development by up‐regulating the expression of integrin αvβ3 and CD44
Authors: Jiang Rulan , Lo Jamie , Prell Christine , Lönnerdal Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN) is a pleiotropic protein involved in numerous biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Since OPN is abundantly present in milk and is known to be relatively resistant to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the current study aimed to investigate the roles of oral intake of milk OPN in intestinal development using an established OPN knockout (KO, OPN−/−) mouse model, in which wild‐type (WT, OPN+/+) mouse pups were nursed by either WT (OPN+/+OPN+ group) or OPN KO dams (OPN+/+OPN− group; +/+ indicates genotype and − indicates milk without OPN), receiving milk with or without OPN from postnatal days 0 to 21 (P0−P21). Our results showed that milk OPN is resistant to in vivo digestion. Compared to OPN+/+OPN− pups, OPN+/+OPN+ pups at P4 and P6 had significantly longer small intestines, at P10 and P20 had larger inner jejunum surfaces, and at P30 exhibited more mature/differentiated intestines, as revealed by higher activities of alkaline phosphatase in brush border and more goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, and Paneth cells. qRT‐PCR and immunoblotting results showed that milk OPN increased the expression of integrin αv, integrin β3, and CD44 in jejunum of mouse pups (P10, P20, and P30). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that both integrin αvβ3 and CD44 are localized in jejunum crypts. In addition, milk OPN increased the phosphorylation/activation of the ERK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, and FAK signaling pathways. In summary, oral intake of milk OPN in early life promotes intestinal proliferation and differentiation by upregulating the expression of integrin αvβ3 and CD44 and thus regulates OPN‐integrin αvβ3 and OPN‐CD44 mediated cellular signaling pathways.
Abaloparatide prevents immobilization‐induced cortical but not trabecular bone loss after spinal cord injury
Authors: Sahbani Karim , Pan Jiangping , Zaidi Mone , Cardozo Christopher P. , Bauman William A. , Tawfeek Hesham A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe and resistant sublesional disuse bone loss. Abaloparatide, a modified parathyroid hormone related peptide, is an FDA approved drug for treatment of severe osteoporosis with potent anabolic activity. The effects of abaloparatide on SCI‐induced bone loss remain undefined. Thus, female mice underwent sham or severe contusion thoracic SCI causing hindlimb paralysis. Mice then received subcutaneous injection of vehicle or 20 μg/kg/day abaloparatide for 35 days. Micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) analysis of the distal and midshaft femoral regions of the SCI‐vehicle mice revealed reduced trabecular fractional bone volume (56%), thickness (75%), and cortical thickness (80%) compared to sham‐vehicle controls. Treatment with abaloparatide did not prevent SCI‐induced changes in trabecular or cortical bone. However, histomorphometry evaluation of the SCI‐abaloparatide mice demonstrated that abaloparatide treatment increased osteoblast (241%) and osteoclast (247%) numbers and the mineral apposition rate (131%) compared to SCI‐vehicle animals. In another independent experiment, treatment with 80 μg/kg/day abaloparatide significantly attenuated SCI‐induced loss in cortical bone thickness (93%) when compared to SCI‐vehicle mice (79%) but did not prevent SCI‐induced trabecular bone loss or elevation in cortical porosity. Biochemical analysis of the bone marrow supernatants of the femurs showed that SCI‐abaloparatide animals had 2.3‐fold increase in procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide, a bone formation marker than SCI‐vehicle animals. SCI groups had 70% higher levels of cross‐linked C‐telopeptide of type I collagen, a bone resorption marker, than sham‐vehicle mice. These findings suggest that abaloparatide protects the cortical bone against the deleterious effects of SCI by promoting bone formation.
Tumor‐derived semaphorin 3D promoting cancer cachexia via regulating hypothalamic pro‐opiomelanocortin neurons
Authors: Zhang Yanni , Xi Qiulei , Zhong Ming , Jiang Yi , Zhuang Qiulin , Ding Zuoyou , Tan Shanjun , Wang Junjie , Liu Hao , Zhang Zhige , Zhou Ben , Wu Guohao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCachexia is very common in cancer patients and predicts a poor prognosis; however, the molecular basis for progress in these individuals remains unclear, especially the effect of tumors on the hypothalamus energy regulation center. To investigate the regulatory pathway of tumors associated with hypothalamic pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons known as appetite‐inhibiting neurons, we conducted observations both on patients and mice models. Results showed that the highly expressed exocrine semaphorin 3D (SEMA3D) both in cachexia patients and mice was positively related to the expression of POMC and its proteolytic peptide. Compared with the control group, mice inoculated with the SEMA3D‐knockout C26 cell line decreased the activity of POMC neurons resulting in a 1.3‐fold increase in food intake, a 22.2% increase in body weight, and reduced skeletal muscle and fat catabolism. The effect of SEMA3D on cachexia progression can be partially alleviated by knocking‐down POMC expression in the brain. In terms of mechanism, SEMA3D enhances the activity of POMC neurons by activating the expression of NRP2 (membrane receptor) and PlxnD1 (intracellular receptor). Our research revealed the overexpression of SEMA3D in tumors works as an activator of POMC neurons, which may play a vital role in suppressing appetite and promoting catabolic metabolism.
Effect of a Workshop to Break the Bias Habit for Internal Medicine Faculty: A Multisite Cluster Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Carnes Molly , Sheridan Jennifer , Fine Eve , Lee You-Geon , Filut Amarette 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Recognition that cultural stereotypes can unintentionally perpetuate inequities throughout academic medicine has led to calls for “implicit bias training” without strong evidence to support these recommendations and some evidence of potential harm. The authors sought to determine the effectiveness of a single 3-hour workshop in helping department of medicine faculty overcome implicit stereotype-based bias and in improving the climate in the working environment.

Method
A multisite cluster randomized controlled study (October 2017 to April 2021) with clustering at the level of divisions within departments and participant-level analysis of survey responses involved 8,657 faculty in 204 divisions in 19 departments of medicine: 4,424 in the intervention group (1,526 attended a workshop) and 4,233 in the control group. Online surveys at baseline (3,764/8,657 = 43.48% response rate) and 3 months after the workshop (2,962/7,715 = 38.39% response rate) assessed bias awareness, bias-reducing intentional behavioral change, and perceptions of division climate.

Results
At 3 months, faculty in the intervention vs control divisions showed greater increases in awareness of personal bias vulnerability (b = 0.190 [95% CI, 0.031 to 0.349], P = .02), bias reduction self-efficacy (b = 0.097 [95% CI, 0.010 to 0.184], P = .03), and taking action to reduce bias (b = 0.113 [95% CI, 0.007 to 0.219], P = .04). The workshop had no effect on climate or burnout, but slightly increased perceptions of respectful division meetings (b = 0.072 [95% CI, 0.0003 to 0.143], P = .049).

Conclusions
Results of this study should give confidence to those designing prodiversity interventions for faculty in academic medical centers that a single workshop which promotes awareness of stereotype-based implicit bias, explains and labels common bias concepts, and provides evidence-based strategies for participants to practice appears to have no harms and may have significant benefits in empowering faculty to break the bias habit.
Length of stay and inpatient charges of total knee arthroplasty in China: analysis of a national database
Authors: Long Huizhong , Zeng Chao , Shi Ying , Wang Haibo , Xie Dongxing , Lei Guanghua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
There are limited data on the resource utilization of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in China. This study aimed to examine the length of stay (LOS) and inpatient charges of TKA in China, and to investigate their determinants.

Methods:
We included patients undergoing primary TKA in the Hospital Quality Monitoring System in China between 2013 and 2019. LOS and inpatient charges were obtained, and their associated factors were further assessed using multivariable linear regression.

Results:
A total of 184,363 TKAs were included. The LOS decreased from 10.8 days in 2013 to 9.3 days in 2019. The admission-to-surgery interval decreased from 4.6 to 4.2 days. The mean inpatient charges were 61,208.3 Chinese Yuan. Inpatient charges reached a peak in 2016, after which a gradual decrease was observed. Implant and material charges accounted for a dominating percentage, but they exhibited a downward trend, whereas labor-related charges gradually increased. Single marital status, non-osteoarthritis indication, and comorbidity were associated with longer LOS and higher inpatient charges. Female sex and younger age were associated with higher inpatient charges. There were apparent varieties of LOS and inpatient charges among provincial or non-provincial hospitals, hospitals with various TKA volume, or in different geographic regions.

Conclusions:
The LOS following TKA in China appeared to be long, but it was shortened during the time period of 2013 to 2019. The inpatient charges dominated by implant and material charges exhibited a downward trend. However, there were apparent sociodemographic and hospital-related discrepancies of resource utilization. The observed statistics can lead to more efficient resource utilization of TKA in China.
Rapid Conversion to a Completely Virtual Multidisciplinary ALS Clinic in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Future Care Delivery
Authors: Grogan James , Walsh Susan , Haulman Anne , Yazgi Habib , Geronimo Andrew , Mamarabadi Mansoureh , Simmons Zachary 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
The goals of this study were to assess the feasibility of maintaining multidisciplinary remote care, patient preferences, and outcomes of this transition because of COVID-19.

Methods:
From March 18, 2020 to June 3, 2020, 127 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who were scheduled to be seen in our ALS clinic were contacted and scheduled according their preference for a telemedicine visit, telephone visit, or postponement until the next available in-person visit. Age, time from disease onset, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised, patient choices, and outcomes were recorded.

Results:
Patient visit preferences were 69% telemedicine, 21% telephone, and 10% postpone for a later in-clinic visit. Patients with higher ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised were more likely to choose the next in-person opening (P = 0.04). Age and time from disease onset were not related to visit type preference. There were 118 virtual encounters, of which 91 (77%) began as telemedicine and 27 (23%) as telephone visits. Most telemedicine visits were conducted successfully, but 10 were converted to a telephone visit. The clinic maintained 88.6% of patient volume compared with the prior year, during which most visits were in-person.

Conclusions:
Telemedicine care using synchronous videoconferencing is preferable and feasible for most patients on short notice, with telephone as back-up. Clinic volumes can be maintained. These findings support the conversion of a multidisciplinary ALS clinic to 1 with exclusively virtual visits when future events again disrupt in-person care.
Impact of vitamin D supplementation on modulating heat-shock proteins in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Orsatti Claudio Lera , Orsatti Fábio Lera , de Souza João Pedro Esteves Alves , Nahas Eliana Aguiar Petri 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on serum heat-shock proteins (HSP) in postmenopausal women (PW).

Methods
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 160 PW aged 45 to 65 years with amenorrhea 12 months or more were randomized into two groups: 80 PW in VitD group (oral supplementation with 1,000 IU VitD3/d) or 80 PW in placebo group. The PW were assessed at baseline and after 10 months of intervention. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyVitD (25[OH]D) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. HSP27/pS78/pS82, HSP27/total, HSP60, HSP70/72, and HSP90α levels were assessed in serum using a multiplexed bead immunoassay.

Results
HSP27 (pS78/pS82 [P < 0.035] and total [P < 0.001]) levels increased in the supplemented group when compared with the control group. There was no effect of VitD supplementation on HSP60, HSP70/72, and HSP90α levels.

Conclusions
Vitamin D supplementation increases serum HSP27 level in PW.