bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Bernstein à Labov, la complexité des pratiques langagières : un facteur de hiérarchisation et de discrimination sociales et scolaires
Authors: Bertucci Marie-Madeleine 
Published: January 2025

L’étude se propose, dans une perspective de compréhension de l’évolution des théories linguistiques, de mettre en évidence les stéréotypes attachés aux parlers non normés et à leur défaut de complexité à partir de la notion de code restreint développée par Bernstein (1975) et de celle de vernaculaire noir américain élaborée par Labov (1978). Basil Bernstein construit une théorie de l’apprentissage du langage, selon laquelle le développement linguistique de l’individu dépend de la classe sociale à laquelle il appartient. Cette analyse lui permet de singulariser la relation au langage de chaque groupe social et d’en déduire l’opposition inégalitaire et clivante fondatrice de sa théorie entre le langage formel ou code élaboré, apanage des classes sociales les plus favorisées et le langage commun ou code restreint, parlé par les membres des classes les plus stigmatisées socialement et économiquement. Il construit pour ce faire une typologie des traits linguistiques propres à chacun des deux codes. La théorie du code restreint de Bernstein et les discriminations sociales fortement minorantes qui en découlent ont été vivement critiquées par William Labov, dans les travaux qu’il a consacrés à l’étude de la variété de langue parlée dans les ghettos de New York, dans les années soixante, par les jeunes Noirs. Labov a dénoncé le stéréotype ethnicisé, véhiculé par le discours commun, visant à isoler un parler spécifique identifié comme celui des Noirs, assignés à résidence dans ces lieux urbains ségrégués, qu’il nomme le vernaculaire noir américain ou VNA. Le VNA serait responsable, pour l’opinion commune, du taux élevé d’échec scolaire observable dans ces espaces. Or Labov rejette cette conception et attribue les difficultés scolaires des jeunes de ces ghettos aux différences linguistiques entre leur parler et l’anglais standard des enseignants. Ces différences de structures jointes à des différences de fonctions entre les deux variétés, expliqueraient pour partie les réticences de ces jeunes à apprendre une langue ressentie comme distante, dans un contexte susceptible d’être perçu comme hostile et déstabilisant. Enfin, il dénonce l’illusion que le vernaculaire noir américain constituerait un code autonome distinct de l’anglais standard.
Éloge de la naïveté dans les grammaires du français (xvie-xviie s.) Du naïf de la langue à la naïveté du style
Authors: Pagani-Naudet Cendrine , Fournier Nathalie 
Published: January 2025

Dès les premières grammaires du français apparaissent des considérations relatives à la complexité et à la simplicité de la langue : tout en célébrant la richesse de sa langue, le grammairien doit démontrer sa capacité à être réduite en règles et dégager ce qui fait son ordre propre. L’enjeu est également d’ordre pédagogique : il s’agit de dédramatiser l’apprentissage d’une langue réputée difficile. Le travail du grammairien sera d’atteindre cet ordre qui fonde l’intercompréhension, et que les auteurs désignent aussi par le nom de naïveté. La naïveté apparaît ainsi comme une notion mitoyenne, entre la simplicité et la complexité, qui définit l’objet et le but de l’activité grammaticale. Si la notion de naïveté endosse assez tôt une valeur esthétique, devenant une des perfections du style, elle désigne aussi le fonds commun de la langue, ce qui la caractérise et la distingue des autres idiomes. La recherche de la naïveté forme le socle de la norme d’usage. Cet article étudie le parcours de cette notion au xvie et au xviie siècles, la manière dont elle se situe dans le discours sur la langue française, et participe à l’évaluation de la langue française au regard du latin, des autres vernaculaires et des variétés régionales.
Du bâton de berger à la souris d’ordinateur : quand les savoir-faire administratifs bousculent les savoir-faire pastoraux dans le sud-est de la France
Authors: Richard-Frève Émilie 
Published: January 2025

Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche réalisée, entre le début des années 2000 et 2020, dans le milieu pastoral du sud-est de la France. Il analyse l'évolution d’un groupe professionnel confronté à une bureaucratisation croissante du travail et à des transformations importantes dans ses formes d’organisations sociales. Il décrit une « mise en bureau » du métier qui a induit des recompositions d’identités, un changement des pratiques et de l’éthos professionnel, le tout générant des tensions fortes sur ce qu’il est possible de faire et d’être en tant que berger. Cette bureaucratisation a également transformé les habiletés nécessaires pour pratiquer le métier, conduisant à la maîtrise de savoirs considérés comme exogènes, et transformant les formes de hiérarchisation sociale. Or, contre toute attente, ces savoirs et nouvelles pratiques du métier sont plus acceptés avec le temps. Cet article analyse comment ce contexte de bureaucratisation a permis un processus d’individualisation chez les bergers, entraînant une prise de distance plus importante des individus avec le groupe, ses normes, le travail et son éthique initiale.
Pourquoi les femmes disparaissent-elles des yourtes ?
Authors: Lacaze Gaëlle 
Published: January 2025

Cet article analyse comment les transformations de trente dernières années ont profondément affecté le mode de vie pastoral nomade mongol et la division sexuelle du travail qui y dominait. Il exemplifie ces mutations à travers différents éléments ethnographiques principalement issus de recherches effectuées dans le désert de Gobi. Il montre comment les stéréotypes genrés issus des traditions pastorales nomades mongoles se déploient dans les transformations socialistes et postsocialistes, surtout depuis 2010 et le développement de l’exploitation des ressources minières. Cette dernière période questionne les possibilités de résistance et de résilience du système pastoral nomade extensif pratiqué en Mongolie. Cet article part de la division « complémentaire » du travail dans le pastoralisme nomade, ainsi que des représentations genrées auxquelles elle renvoie, pour déboucher sur les transformations engendrées par l’idéologie socialiste, selon laquelle l’émancipation des femmes constituait un indice de progrès, et enfin sur les changements contemporains, qui divisent les ménages entre les hommes seuls sur les campements ruraux et les femmes assignées aux espaces urbains. La disparité ville-campagne, qui implique une différence entre modes de vie nomade et sédentaire, signifie d’ores-et-déjà une opposition genrée entre un masculin rural et un féminin urbain. Or, cette dernière configuration fragilise l’élevage nomade tandis que le PIB de la Mongolie se nourrit chaque année davantage des ressources minières qui pourraient alors s’avérer la seule alternative face au sous-aménagement urbain et au fort taux de chômage en ville pour les jeunes peu diplômés, en particulier pour les hommes. La transmission des savoirs et savoir-faire pastoraux s’en trouve donc compromise.
Psychosocial Factors of Adolescent Survivors of Human Trafficking in East India
Authors: Shamsudeen Sheeba , Gupta Preeti , Sayeed Neha , Munda Sanjay Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Human trafficking is referred to as modern-day slavery and is a human rights violation. India is home to 14 million survivors of trafficking, making it one of the most extensive destination grounds for the trafficking of young girls. Empirical studies on trafficking survivors’ demographic profiles and psychosocial factors are scarce in the Indian context.

Aims and Objectives:
The study determined the various forms of human trafficking and the sociodemographic profile while assessing the psychosocial factors related to pretrafficking, during trafficking, and posttrafficking phases of adolescent female survivors of human trafficking in East India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 30 adolescent girls aged from 13 to <18 years rescued from human trafficking using the Trafficking Victim Identification Tool to collect data on psychosocial factors related to human trafficking.

Statistical Analysis:
The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the frequency and percentages to assess the sociodemographic and psychosocial factors of adolescent survivors of human trafficking.

Results:
The results show that most adolescents had experienced physical abuse before trafficking. Most were trafficked by family members or relatives who promised them economic opportunities. During trafficking, most were locked up against their will, experienced physical and sexual violence at the hands of their trafficker, and had no fixed working hours. Most survivors were rescued within 1–3 months of trafficking and had low suicide ideation. In addition, most survivors were unmarried, had primary education, were Hindi-speaking unemployed, Hindu, and from a rural background.

Conclusion:
The study shows that the most pressing psychosocial factors among survivors of human trafficking include physical abuse before trafficking, physical and sexual abuse by traffickers, and being trafficked by known persons with a promise of economic opportunity. As trafficking is an unrelenting public and mental health concern that transcends all social classes and demographics, further dialogue is needed on survivors’ long-term consequences as the world wakes up to the reality of this modern form of slavery.
Assessment of Day Care Centers under Public Mental Health Program in a District of Kerala: An Observational Study
Authors: Sathiaseelan Ramkumar G. , Kumar Prasad R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Day care is a component of service provisioning for persons with severe mental illness living in the community. This study assesses day care centers under a public mental health program in a district of Kerala.

Methods:
We did a documentary review of program documents to describe how the day care program had envisaged its structure, function, and expected outcome. Field visits were made to assess the centers on the same attributes. The lead staff members and all program attendees were interviewed. The sociodemographic and clinical profile was assessed while disability was measured using the WHODAS 2.0 12-item Scale.

Results:
The two centers were assessed 8 years after their inception. The centers functioned as drop-in-type social care facilities located on local government premises, and each center was serviced by a nursing personnel, a nursing attendant, and a social work personnel who worked as an occupational therapist and program coordinator for both centers. The estimated cost of running each center was 20 lakhs/year. Occupational therapy activities were geared toward day engagement and did not aspire to impart vocational skills or employment opportunities onsite or outside and almost all work-based occupational therapy activities fizzled out after a limited trial. Centers catered to both persons with mental illness and intellectual developmental disorders. There was no formal exit plan for the attendees, the mean duration of attendance was 4.4 ± 2.63 years, the total attendees since inception were 75, and the currently active number was 28. Nonspecific reasons and family inconvenience were noted as reasons for disengagement. Disability assessment revealed a mean score of 8.45 ± 6.8 (median 6.5, range 0–27), indicating low levels of disability, although 60% were formally certified with median disability of 60%. Overall, staff opined, based on their interactions with the attendees’ families, that day care attendance offered benefits over routine outpatient care in terms of providing a meeting place outside the home for recreation and socialization.

Discussion:
Our assessment concludes that the modest benefits that attendees get from the centers are derived largely from the socializing and companionship that the meeting place provides. We suggest that more such drop-in centers can be started with a lesser cost outlay while at the same time upgrading the existing ones with more resources to derive greater benefits than from the current meeting place orientation.
Correlation of the cycle threshold value of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR with biomarker levels in the prognosis of patients hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: Singhal Shweta , Rana Geetika , Singh Atul K. , Pal Shekhar , Thaledi Shweta 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective:
The COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared as pandemic by WHO soon after its emergence in 2019. This virus was known to cause serious clinical symptoms and severe illness. By using RT-PCR, which reports the cycle threshold value, the disease is diagnosed, whereas for the severity of the disease, biomarker levels, like IL-6, CRP, D-dimer, serum ferritin and serum procalcitonin, can be measured. We, thus, aimed to explore any potential correlation of the cycle threshold value and biomarker level with the outcome of COVID-19-positive hospitalized patients.

Method:
Patients with the cycle threshold (Ct) value <35 were included in the study and their initial Ct values were noted. Different biochemical parameters, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, D-dimer, Interleukin-6 and serum procalcitonin, were assessed for severity. They were classified according to Ct value into three groups: Group 1 >30.0, Group 2 20.0–30.0 and Group 3 <20.0.

Results:
The study included 370 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a mean age (mean ± SD) of 51.08 (16.58%) years and 250 (67.5%) males and 120 (32.4%) females. Comparison of data with outcome shows that IL-6, CRP amongst the biomarker and Ct value (deduced by RT-PCR test) were significantly correlated with the mortality (P value < 0.05). The ROC curve was also plotted for these parameters, which shows that IL-6, CRP, PCT and Ct value were better prognostic marker. Poor prognosis was found in Group 2 (Ct value 20.0–30.0) patients compared to Group 1 and Group 3. There was significant correlation (P value < 0.05) between Ct value and outcome of the patient.

Interpretation and Conclusion:
This study depicts that low Ct value and elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP can be used as a screening tool to detect the mortality in COVID-19 patients as they are significantly correlated with the mortality.
Are all tuberculosis deaths correctly attributed due to tuberculosis? Analysis of causes of death (COD) using verbal autopsy: A cross-sectional study in Puducherry
Authors: Mohan Reenaa , Rajalakshmi M , Kalaiselvan G 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
State Task Force National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (STF-NTEP) wanted to ascertain the cause of death of tuberculosis (TB) patients was due to TB. Hence, this study was done to determine the cause of death among TB patients using verbal autopsy.

Material and Method:
The community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the closest caregivers of the reported TB death cases using a verbal autopsy questionnaire. A list of TB deaths was extracted from Puducherry’s State Tuberculosis Office (STO). The VA questionnaires were reviewed by two trained faculties and experts independently who were also asked to code the cause of death according to the International Classification of Diseases – 10th Revision. Data were analysed using the SPSS software receiver operator curve (ROC) curve and Cohen’s kappa statistics with 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to compare agreement between the raters.

Results:
Out of 307 TB deaths, 143 were contacted and the remaining were migrated, missing or not available. Among them 34.9% of the declared TB deaths are not due to TB. Cohen’s kappa = 0.4; 95% CI: (0.858–0.985) showed moderate agreement between the raters. Experts’ review was used as a reference standard to compare rater agreements. The Predictive accuracy of Rater 2 (area under the curve [AUC] −0.953; P value <0.001) was slightly higher than Rater 1 (AUC −0.942; P value <0.001).

Conclusion:
The findings of the study have clearly indicated that 34.9% of the declared TB deaths are not due to TB.
A study on awareness regarding cigarettes and other tobacco products act (COTPA Act) among hospital staff of medical college, Kanpur: A mixed method study
Authors: Yadav Aradhana , Sonam  , Kaur Samarjeet , Barman Santosh K. , Barman Seema 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Context:
In 2003, the government of India formulated “the cigarettes and other tobacco products Act (prohibition of advertisement and regulation of trade and commerce, production, supply, and distribution) (COTPA)”. The aim of the study is to evaluate hospital staff’s knowledge of the COTPA Act and their enablers and hurdles using qualitative analysis.

Settings and Design:
This study was conducted in GSVM Medical College, and this was a convergent parallel mixed-methods study, with a quantitative component (cross-sectional survey) complemented by a qualitative component (descriptive study).

Methods and Material:
A pre-tested, semi-structured, face-validated questionnaire was incorporated into the Epicollect5 application for data collection. The qualitative study was conducted among 11 hospital staff.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The collected data were imported into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed with Jamovi version 2.0. To determine associations between variables, appropriate tests of significance were applied. For qualitative analysis, an interview guide was prepared.

Results:
On quantitative analysis, hospital personnel’s overall awareness of any tobacco control law was 59.4%, with 56.6% being tobacco abusers and 69.5% being non-abusers. On qualitative analysis by in-depth interview framework analysis, decalogues were taken from the responses provided by the participants. After that, the decalogues were divided into three keynotes which were openers, hurdles, and recommendations.

Conclusions:
Study demonstrates that more than half of the employees are already aware of COTPA Act but still need more coordinated effort from all responsible authorities of medical institute to increase COTPA Act awareness.
Efficacy of ultrasonography and mammography in detecting features of breast cancer
Authors: Alshoabi Sultan Abdulwadoud , Alareqi Amal A. , Gameraddin Moawia , Gareeballah Awadia , Alsultan Kamal D. , Alzain Amel F. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Breast cancer (BC) is considered one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers. Early detection is critical for effective management. This study aims to assess the utility of ultrasonography (US) and mammography (MG) in detecting BC features.

Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study involved the electronic records of 263 female patients diagnosed with BC. The mean age was 45.71 ± 12.25 years (17–90 years). A cross-tabulation test was performed to correlate the presence of each malignant feature (Yes/No) on both US and MG and the final ultrasonography diagnosis (benign/malignant). The compatibility between the presence of each feature on both imaging techniques was measured by the percentage of agreement in reporting the feature that was reported as Kappa. The sensitivity and specificity for each feature were calculated, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to measure the area under the curve for each feature on both modalities.

Results:
The strong compatibility between the two techniques was 87.1%, 94.29%, 66.92%, 79.85%, 77.56%, 77.18, and 79.84% for irregular shape, uncircumscribed, spiculated margins, tissue distortion, nipple retraction, skin thickening, and the presence of lymphadenopathy, respectively (P < 0.001). Boxplots show that the sensitivity of the US ranged from 37% to 95%, and the specificity ranged from 27% to 91%. However, MG’s sensitivity ranged from 44% to 93%, and the specificity ranged from 36% to 73%.

Conclusion:
US and MG images show similar morphological changes, enhancing diagnostic accuracy in breast lesions. US characterizes echogenicity, provides real-time imaging, and uses color and pulsed Doppler techniques for vascularity and lymphadenopathy detection, while MG is better for identifying different calcification types.
Exploring smartphone utilization patterns, addiction, and associated factors in school-going adolescents: A mixed-method study
Authors: Ladani Hemangi M. , Yogesh M , Trivedi Nidhi S. , Gandhi Rohankumar B. , Lakkad Dhruv 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Smartphone use and addiction among adolescents is an emerging public health concern. This study aimed to assess smartphone use, addiction, patterns of use, and associated factors among adolescents.

Methods:
An institutional-based mixed-method study was conducted among 560 adolescents aged 15–19 years. Data were collected on smartphone use, and addiction assessed by a Short Version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), patterns of use, and correlations with demographic factors, physical health, and psychological symptoms. Statistical analysis included percentages, logistic regression, and tests of significance. A P value of < 0.05 is considered significant.

Results:
Smartphone use prevalence was 89.8% [95% CI (87.09%–92.49%)], and addiction prevalence was 64% [95% CI (62.66%–72.34%)] among users. Factors associated with smartphone use are statistically significant based on adjusted odds ratios (AOR), which were urban residence [2.5 (1.8–3.8)], use of handsfree kit [2.04 (1.56–2.95)], illiterate father’s education [2.7 (1.9–7.8)], illiterate [2.38 (1.98–5.7)], primary/secondary educated [2.15 (1.06–4.3)] mother’s education, and addiction [3.2 (1.7–4.3)]. Addicted users showed higher use for gaming, videos, and social media (P < 0.05). No significant physical or psychological health differences were found between addicted and non-addicted groups.

Conclusions:
Smartphone addiction (SA) was highly prevalent among adolescents. Use patterns, such as gaming and social media, as well as perceptions of harm, were implicated in addiction risk. Tailored interventions are required to address this emerging public health problem among adolescents.
Predictive value of platelet parameters for early-onset pre-eclampsia: A prospective cohort study in a teaching institution in Gujarat, India
Authors: Thakkar DipenKumar , Shihora Jeel , Gandhi Rohankumar , Parmar Rahul , Yogesh M 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Early-onset pre-eclampsia is associated with severe maternal and perinatal complications. Identifying novel biomarkers for early prediction is crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of platelet parameters, namely mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet count (PC), for early-onset pre-eclampsia.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India. Pregnant women (n = 712) between 14 and 18 weeks of gestation were enrolled and followed up until delivery. MPV, PDW, and PC were measured at enrollment. The primary outcome was the development of early-onset pre-eclampsia (<34 weeks). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of platelet parameters.

Results:
The prevalence of early-onset pre-eclampsia was 5.3%. Women who developed early-onset pre-eclampsia had significantly higher MPV and PDW and lower PC at 14–18 weeks compared to those who remained normotensive. The combination of MPV > 10.2 fL, PDW > 16.5 fL, and PC < 180 × 103/µL had the highest predictive value (AUC: 0.951, sensitivity: 71.1%, specificity: 99.1%). Individual platelet parameters also demonstrated good predictive ability.

Conclusion:
Platelet parameters, particularly MPV, PDW, and PC, measured at 14–18 weeks of gestation, have good predictive value for early-onset pre-eclampsia. Incorporating these parameters into routine antenatal screening could improve the early identification of at-risk women. Further research is needed to validate these findings and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of implementation.