bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the reduction processes at the bottom of Lake Meirama: a singular case of lake formation
Authors: Juncosa Ricardo , Delgado Jorge , Cereijo José Luis , Muñoz Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe formation of natural lakes is a process that takes place over thousands of years, although the volumetric formation depends on hydrological and climatological phenomena, reaching a stationary hydraulic regime, the evolution of hydrochemistry is more complex and obeys not only phenomena of stoichiometry and chemical kinetics but also diffusion processes. Depending on the depth of the lakes, the anoxization process originating from the bottom is the first phase of the lake’s methanogenesis. For this, the course of many thousands of years is necessary, so the studies carried out in the lakes are limited to the current knowledge of the state in which they are, without being able to have real information in this process of methanogenesis. There are no data available on the generation process of a natural lake in its primary stages. In this case, taking advantage of the rehabilitation of the old open-pit mining of Meirama (Northwest Spain), consisting of the controlled flooding of the hole by groundwater, by stopping the perimeter pumping, and the derivation of the nearby streams, whose contribution was the majority with respect to the subterranean contribution, there has been the opportunity to physically and chemically monitor the complete filling of the said hole. The present study focuses on the analysis of the evolution of the different processes initiated in the methanogenesis of the lake bottom identified in the well-known Redox ladder: obtaining oxygen from the reduction of nitrogenous compounds and metallic oxides, from the reduction of the sulfate and the generation of methane from carbon compounds, the latter phase without reaching. Although the methanization process is very slow, it has had the opportunity to know the formation of a lake at its origin, from the hydrochemical point of view. It has been possible to verify that the methanization processes at the bottom, given the anoxia conditions, are in a very primitive phase with the reduction of nitrate and nitrite to ammonium and beginning a reduction of metal oxides and sulfate.
Blacklisting Health Insurance Premium Defaulters: Is Denial of Medical Care Ethically Justifiable?
Authors: Glaus Hanna , Drewniak Daniel , März Julian W. , Biller-Andorno Nikola 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRising health insurance costs and the cost of living crisis are likely leading to an increase in unpaid health insurance bills in many countries. In Switzerland, a particularly drastic measure to sanction defaulting insurance payers is employed. Since 2012, Swiss cantons – who have to cover most of the bills of defaulting payers - are allowed by federal law to blacklist them and to restrict their access to medical care to emergencies.In our paper, we briefly describe blacklisting in the context of the Swiss healthcare system before we examine the ethical issues involved in light of what is known about its social and health impacts. We found no evidence that blacklisting serves as an effective way of recovering unpaid health insurance contributions or of strengthening solidarity within the health insurance system. Furthermore, the ambiguous definitions of what constitutes an emergency treatment and the incompatibility of the denial of medical care with the obligation to provide professional assistance complicate the implementation of blacklists and expose care providers to enormous pressure.Therefore, we conclude that blacklists and the (partial) denial of medical care not only pose profound ethical problems but are also unsuitable for fulfilling the purpose for which they were introduced.
Elevation and thickness of the 11–10 Kyr old ‘Sinkholes Salt’ layer in the Dead Sea: clues to past limnology, paleo-bathymetry and lake levels
Authors: Baer Gidon , Bernstein Michael , Yechieli Yoseph , Nof Ran N. , Abelson Meir , Gavrieli Ittai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe sinkholes along the Dead Sea (DS) shores form by dissolution of an 11–10 kyr old subsurface salt layer (hereafter named the ‘Sinkholes Salt’) that precipitated on the lake’s floor during periods of negative water balance, water level decline and salinity increase. We analyze the variations in absolute elevation and thickness of this layer in 40 boreholes along the western shores of the DS, reconstruct water-body stratification, past lake levels, and paleo-bathymetry during salt deposition, and comment on the role of the salt-layer elevation in future sinkhole formation. In the northern basin of the DS, maximum thickness of salt (~ 23 m) is found where salt top and bottom elevations are below ~ 440 meters below sea level (mbsl) and ~ 465 mbsl, respectively. Above these elevations the salt layer gradually thins out until 416 mbsl, above which it is no longer found. These relationships suggest that thermohaline stratification, with a thermocline at 25–30 m depth, similar to the present day dynamics of the DS, developed annually during the salt-precipitation period, giving rise to uniform salt accumulation below the thermocline and partial to full dissolution above it. Salt accumulation was controlled by the bathymetry of the lake and its configuration relative to the thermocline, and locally hampered by discharge of subaqueous under-saturated groundwater. The truncation of the salt layer at elevation of 416 mbsl is attributed to salt dissolution down to this elevation by a relatively diluted upper water layer that developed following inflow of fresh surface water at the end of the salt period. This event also marks the change to a positive water balance and lake level rise from its lowest stand of ~ 405 mbsl, as determined from limnological considerations.
Evaluating the Impact of the Prime Time Sister Circles® Intervention on Reducing Depressive Symptoms Among African American Women with Uncontrolled Hypertension
Authors: Zare Hossein , Ibe Chidinma A. , Yang Manshu , Porter Gayle , Gaston Marilyn , Jones Nicole , Jones Wehmah , Rose Vivienne , Balamani Michele , Woods Denise L. , Gaskin Darrell J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The Prime Time Sister Circles®, a randomized controlled trial (PTSC-RCT), assessed the impact of a community-based peer support program on hypertension management among African American women 40–75 years of age. While the PTSC-RCT was designed to evaluate changes in blood pressure control, subsequent sub-analyses revealed a high proportion of self-reported depressive symptoms in our sample. Accordingly, we conducted an ancillary investigation of the PTSC intervention on depression to ascertain its impact on reduced depressive symptoms in the study population.

Method
Depressive symptoms were measured using an adapted version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised (CES-D-10). We used unadjusted and adjusted fixed effect models. Data for this study came from the PTSC-RCT. We collected data between 2017 and 2018 in Washington, DC. We used a balanced analytical sample of 172 African American, English-speaking women between 40 to 75 years old with uncontrolled hypertension.

Intervention
The intervention group participated in a 2-h, peer-based support group once a week for 13 weeks. A trained PTSC facilitator facilitated sessions with experts who delivered content on various topics, including psychosocial wellness (e.g., stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety management, and self-esteem), physical health (e.g., hypertension, inflammation, and heart disease), physical activity, and healthy nutrition.

Results
Results from the fixed-effects models indicated that participants in the PTSC program exhibited a greater reduction in CES-D-10 score at three months (Coeff: -1.99, 95% CI: -3.49, -0.49) and at 15 months (Coeff: -2.38, 95% CI: -3.94, -0.83), as compared to those in the control group.

Conclusions
Evidence suggests that the Prime Time Sister Circles® intervention reduced depressive symptoms among African American women with low socioeconomic status and hypertension.

Trial Registration
NCT04371614.
Arsenic Condensation and Reaction Mechanisms in Flash Smelting Off-Gas Line Conditions
Authors: Wan Xingbang , Sukhomlinov Dmitry , Taskinen Pekka , Lindgren Mari , Michallik Radoslaw , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArsenic is a common impurity element in sulfide concentrates. It tends to accumulate in the flue dust of smelting furnace due to the volatility and internal circulation of the flue dust practiced in the smelting-converting process chain. The only outlets for arsenic are anodes and discard slag. Arsenic condensation in dust-free conditions was studied below 800 °C where the gas atmosphere was controlled by SO2-air-N2 gas mixtures. Based on these experimental results, we confirm the kinetically constrained formation mechanism of the arsenic-containing dust, and its speciation into metallic, oxidic (III, V), and sulfidic species. The influences of temperature and atmosphere on the speciation of arsenic were compared with industrial data and discussed.
Graphical Abstract

Condensed arsenic‐bearing particles collected by electrophoretic forces on the surface of fused SiO2 in SO2‐O2 atmospheres: the crystal morphology shows euhedrally facetted As2O3 crystals and initially molten As‐OS
alloy droplets together with poorly crystallized AsSx particles.
Clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings at baseline predict long-term outcome of polymyalgia rheumatica: a multicentric retrospective study
Authors: Conticini Edoardo , Falsetti Paolo , d’Alessandro Miriana , Al Khayyat Suhel Gabriele , Grazzini Silvia , Baldi Caterina , Acciai Caterina , Gentileschi Stefano , D’Alessandro Roberto , Bellisai Francesca , Biasi Giovanni , Barreca Cristiana , Bargagli Elena , Cantarini Luca , Frediani Bruno 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo assess the rate of PMR who, during the follow-up, undergo a diagnostic shift as well as to assess which clinical, laboratory and US findings are associated to a diagnostic shift and predict the long-term evolution of PMR. All PMR followed-up for at least 12 months were included. According to the US procedures performed at diagnosis, patients were subdivided into four subgroups. Clinical data from follow-up visits at 12, 24, 48 and 60 months, including a diagnostic shift, the number of relapses and immunosuppressive and steroid treatment, were recorded. A total of 201 patients were included. During the follow-up, up to 60% had a change in diagnosis. Bilateral LHBT was associated with persistence in PMR diagnosis, whereas GH synovitis and RF positivity to a diagnostic shift. Patients undergoing diagnostic shift had a higher frequency of GH synovitis, shoulder PD, higher CRP, WBC, PLT and Hb and longer time to achieve remission, while those maintaining diagnosis had bilateral exudative LHBT and SA-SD bursitis, higher ESR, lower Hb and shorter time to remission. Cluster analysis identified a subgroup of older patients, with lower CRP, WBC, PLT and Hb, lower PD signal or peripheral synovitis who had a higher persistence in PMR diagnosis, suffered from more flares and took more GCs. Most PMR have their diagnosis changed during follow-up. The early use of the US is associated with a lower dosage of GCs. Patients with a definite subset of clinical, laboratory and US findings seem to be more prone to maintain the diagnosis of PMR.
DMPH-Net: a deep multi-scale pyramid hybrid network for low-light image enhancement with attention mechanism and noise reduction
Authors: He Min , Wang Rugang , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhou Feng , Guo Naihong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAiming at the problems of color bias and noise enhancement on the output image by the traditional low-light image enhancement algorithm, we propose a deep multi-scale pyramid hybrid network (DMPH-Net) algorithm that fuses attention mechanism and multi-scale pyramid is proposed in this paper. The algorithm uses DecomNet to decompose reflectance and light components, and uses multi-scale illumination attention module to fuse light and reflectance for the decomposed low-light reflectance to improve the realism and details of reflectance; by using five-layer feature pyramid and kernel selection in PRID-net module to achieve the fusion of contextual information between different scale feature layers, while effectively removing the enhanced of noise, and the added color loss effectively suppresses the color bias of the output image; using multi-scale cascading and channel attention mechanisms to adjust the illumination and fuse the illumination ratios, effectively enhancing the brightness, texture, and other feature information in the image. The DMPH-Net algorithm is experimentally validated on LOL and no-reference LIME, MEF, and NPE datasets, and the objective evaluation metrics PSNR$$\uparrow $$
↑
, SSIM$$\uparrow $$
↑
, LIPIPS$$\downarrow $$
↓
, and NIQE$$\downarrow $$
↓
are 23.3772, 0.8442, 0.1386, and 3.5966 on LOL dataset. The objective evaluation metrics NIQE on the reference-free datasets LIME, NPE, and MEF are 3.0735, 3.1711, and 2.9464, respectively. The experiments show that the DMPH-Net algorithm maintains high image details and textures in image enhancement and denoising, effectively enhances low-light images, and reduces noise and color bias of images. Compared with RUAS, UnRetinex-Net, and other enhancement algorithms, it improves in objective evaluation metrics PSNR, SSIM, LIPIPS, and NIQE.
Systemic Anticancer Treatment Near the End of Life: a Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Geyer Teresa , Le Nguyen-Son , Groissenberger Iris , Jutz Franziska , Tschurlovich Lisa , Kreye Gudrun 
Published: July 2023

Opinion StatementSystemic anticancer therapy (SACT) includes different treatment modalities that can be effective in treating cancer. However, in the case of disease progression, cancers might become incurable and SACT might reach its limits. In the case of incurable cancers, SACT is often given in a palliative setting, with the goal of improving the patients’ quality of life (QOL) and their survival. In contrast, especially for patients who approach end of life (EOL), such treatments might do more harm than good. Patients receiving EOL anticancer treatments often experience belated palliative care referrals. The use of systemic chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer and poor prognosis approaching the EOL has been associated with significant toxicity and worse QOL compared to best supportive care. Therefore, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has discouraged this practice, and it is considered a metric of low-value care by Choosing Wisely (Schnipper et al. in J Clin Oncol 4;30(14):1715-24). Recommendations of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) suggest that especially chemotherapy and immunotherapy should be avoided in the last few weeks of the patients’ lives. In this narrative review, we screened the current literature for the impact of SACT and factors predicting the use of SACT near the EOL with discussion on this topic.
Strategie di mantenimento del calo ponderale nel paziente con obesità
Authors: Verde Ludovica , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Colao Annamaria , Barrea Luigi 
Published: July 2023

SommarioIl mantenimento del calo ponderale (CP) a lungo termine rappresenta una grande sfida per la gestione dell’obesità. Questa revisione narrativa si propone di fornire una panoramica dei principali meccanismi endocrini coinvolti nella ripresa del peso nei soggetti con obesità e delle attuali evidenze scientifiche sui migliori approcci sullo stile di vita, tra cui la dieta e l’attività fisica. La ripresa del peso corporeo dopo il CP, si verifica in circa il 50% dei soggetti con obesità in assenza di cambiamenti nello stile di vita. Il principale meccanismo endocrino responsabile della ripresa del peso coinvolge l’asse cervello-intestino, che favorisce l’assunzione di cibo e quindi la ripresa del peso attraverso la secrezione e l’azione di diversi ormoni gastrointestinali, come la grelina, la leptina e la colecistochinina. Diverse evidenze scientifiche hanno riportato cambiamenti nella secrezione di questi ormoni durante i programmi di CP e di mantenimento del peso corporeo. L’attività fisica e, in particolare, l’allenamento di resistenza è tra i più efficaci per perdere e mantenere il peso corporeo; tuttavia, l’associazione di esercizi di endurance e di forza è raccomandata per rimodellare la composizione corporea.
Prolonging the period of allergenic burden: late-flowering grasses and local peculiarities
Authors: Dirr Lukas , Bastl Katharina , Bastl Maximilian , Berger Markus , Berger Uwe E. 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Background
The grass pollen season is characterized by a particularly long duration, covering the months May to July in Europe but can vary depending on the altitude and geographical location.

Methods
Three grass species whose flowering period takes place late in the season are discussed in detail: Phragmites australis (common reed), Miscanthus spp. (silvergrass), and Zea mays (maize).

Results
Phragmites australis flowers between August and September and provides significant pollen concentrations at sites with large reed populations. Miscanthus spp. flowers from August to October and is found as an ornamental plant in urban areas and as a crop plant in rural areas. Zea mays flowers from July to October and can cause discomfort especially in the vicinity of cornfields.

Discussion
Phenological observations are an important part of aerobiological routine work to gain insights into regional peculiarities like late-flowering grasses, which play a role in prolonging the duration of the grass pollen season.
Experimental evaluation of the drag curves of small fixed wing UAVs
Authors: Weishäupl A. , McLay L. , Sóbester A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTight budgets often limit the scope of test campaigns within the development programmes of small uncrewed air vehicles (UAVs). This paper explores a range of combinations of instrumentation suites and protocols for both wind tunnel and flight evaluation, focusing on the key aspect of drawing up the drag curve of the airframe. Through extensive testing of a 5kg maximum take-off mass, fixed wing, twin motor, richly instrumented test platform, we show that automated glides over a range of airspeeds and the slow down manoeuvre are effective ways of determining power-off drag, while estimating thrust from propeller speed, and voltage and current sensing based methods work well for the power-on case. We also seek the most time-efficient and robust mix of the above manoeuvres to yield a given drag curve accuracy level and we find wind condition impacts the manoeuvre makeup of the optimal strategy.
Neuroimaging findings in adolescent gaming disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Khor E. , McNamara N. , Columb D. , McNicholas F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectives:Gaming disorder is a growing concern affecting adolescents, exacerbated by the impact of recent COVID-19 restrictions. The World Health Organization has recently included gaming disorder in the 11th International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, there is still an ongoing debate about the validity and reliability of the proposed clinical criteria, despite growing neurobiological evidence in this cohort. Systematic reviews in this area have focused mainly on adults or mixed adult/adolescent populations. Therefore, this systematic review explored the neuroimaging literature in adolescents (under 18 years old) with gaming disorder.Methods:Using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 3288 primary studies were identified from PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO and Web of Science. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria (appropriate title, abstract, comparison group used within study, English-language, neuroimaging and mean age under 18), 24 studies were included in this review.Results:Functional and structural brain alterations in adolescent gaming disorder were noted across several imaging modalities, including electroencephalogram (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Compared with healthy controls, adolescents with gaming disorder demonstrated neurological changes comparable to substance addiction, namely impairments in emotional regulation, reward-seeking, inhibition and increased risky decision-making. Positive brain adaptations in the areas of visuospatial processing and memory were observed.Conclusions:A number of key brain regions are affected in adolescent gaming disorder. These findings can help clinicians understand adolescent presentations with gaming disorder from a neurobiological perspective. Future studies should focus on forming a robust neurobiological and clinical framework for adolescent gaming disorder.
MODELING CORRECTIONS OF BOMB-PULSE RADIOCARBON DATING IN FORENSIC CASES
Authors: Sveinbjörnsdóttir Árný E , Olsen Jesper , Heinemeier Jan 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIn two forensic cases, radiocarbon (14C) bomb-pulse datings of human bones have been performed and analyzed using detailed models to correct for collagen-carbon turnover rates and reservoir effects. The modeled corrections are discussed and the resulting 14C ages compared to later information on actual time of birth and death of the individuals. Simple time lag corrections of bone dates are found to be inadequate, whereas modeling based on age dependent turnover rates and bomb-pulse levels through life combined with substantial reservoir age corrections can explain the observed 14C results.
ON p-SOLVABILITY AND AVERAGE CHARACTER DEGREE IN A FINITE GROUP
Authors: ESKANDARI ESMAEEL , AHANJIDEH NEDA 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAssume that G is a finite group, N is a nontrivial normal subgroup of G and p is an odd prime. Let
$\mathrm{Irr}_p(G)=\{\chi \in \mathrm{Irr}(G) : \chi (1)=1~\mathrm{or}~ p \mid \chi (1)\}$
and
$\mathrm{Irr}_p(G|N)=\{\chi \in \mathrm{Irr}_p(G) : N \not \leq \mathrm{ker}\,\chi \}$
. The average character degree of irreducible characters of
$\mathrm{Irr}_p(G)$
and the average character degree of irreducible characters of
$\mathrm{Irr}_p(G|N)$
are denoted by
$\mathrm{acd}_p(G)$
and
$\mathrm{acd}_p(G|N)$
, respectively. We show that if
$\mathrm{Irr}_p(G|N) \neq \emptyset $
and
$\mathrm{acd}_p(G|N) < \mathrm{acd}_p(\mathrm{PSL}_2(p))$
, then G is p-solvable and
$O^{p'}(G)$
is solvable. We find examples that make this bound best possible. Moreover, we see that if
$\mathrm{Irr}_p(G|N) = \emptyset $
, then N is p-solvable and
$P \cap N$
and
$PN/N$
are abelian for every
$P \in \mathrm{Syl}_p(G)$
.
Principle, Pragmatism, and Piecework in On Liberty
Authors: Miller Dale E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn a well-known passage in chapter V of On Liberty, J. S. Mill notes that while economic competition is generally socially beneficial and should be permitted, this “Free Trade” doctrine does not follow from the liberty or harm principle because “trade is a social act.” In a largely overlooked passage in chapter IV of the same essay, however, Mill contends that for society to coercively prohibit the practice of piecework – paying workers by the unit rather than by the hour or day – does violate this principle. In this short note, I demonstrate that Mill's reasoning in these two passages is contradictory.