bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the exposure–response relationship of idecabtagene vicleucel in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Connarn Jamie N. , Witjes Han , van Zutphen‐van Geffen Marielle , de Greef Rik , Campbell Timothy B. , Hege Kristen , Zhou Simon , Lamba Manisha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIdecabtagene vicleucel (ide‐cel; bb2121) is a B‐cell maturation antigen–directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy approved for treatment of patients with heavily pretreated relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. This analysis evaluated exposure–response (ER) relationships of ide‐cel with key efficacy end points and safety events. Ide‐cel exposure data were available from 127 patients treated at target doses of 150, 300, or 450 × 106 CAR+ T cells from the phase II KarMMa study (NCT03361748). Key exposure metrics, including area under the curve of the transgene level from 0 to 28 days and maximum transgene level, were calculated using noncompartmental methods. Logistic regression models, using both linear and maximum response function of exposure on the logit scale, were evaluated to quantify observed ER trends, and modified by including statistically significant individual covariates in a stepwise regression analysis. There was wide overlap of exposures across the target doses. ER relationships were observed for the overall and complete response rates, with higher response rates associated with higher exposures. Model‐based evaluations identified female sex and baseline serum monoclonal protein less than or equal to 10 g/L as predictive of a higher objective response rate and a higher complete response rate, respectively. ER relationships were observed for safety events of cytokine release syndrome requiring tocilizumab or corticosteroids. The established ER models were used to quantify the ide‐cel dose–response, which showed a positive benefit–risk assessment for the range of ide‐cel exposures associated with the target dose range of 150–450 × 106 CAR+ T cells.
Propensity score‐based methods for causal inference and external data leveraging in regulatory settings: From basic ideas to implementation
Authors: Li Heng , Yue Lilly Q. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe breakthrough propensity score methodology was formulated by Rosenbaum and Rubin in the 1980s for the mitigation of confounding bias in non‐randomized comparative studies to facilitate causal inference for treatment effects. The methodology had been used mainly in epidemiological and social science studies that may often be exploratory, until it was adopted by FDA/CDRH in 2002 and applied in the evaluation of medical device pre‐market confirmatory studies, including those with a control group extracted from a well‐designed and executed registry database or historical clinical studies. Around 2013, following the Rubin outcome‐free study design principle, the two‐stage propensity score design framework was developed for medical device studies to safeguard study integrity and objectivity, thereby strengthening the interpretability of study results. Since 2018, the scope of the propensity score methodology has been broadened so that it can be used for the purpose of leveraging external data to augment a single‐arm or randomized traditional clinical study. All these statistical approaches, collectively referred to as propensity score‐based methods in this article, have been considered in the design of medical device regulatory studies and stimulated related research, as evidenced by the latest trends in journal publications. We will provide a tutorial on the propensity score‐based methods from the basic idea to their implementation in regulatory settings for causal inference and external data leveraging, along with step‐by‐step descriptions of the procedures of the two‐stage outcome‐free design through examples, which can be used as templates for real study proposals.
A simple algorithm for graph reconstruction
Authors: Mathieu Claire , Zhou Hang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHow efficiently can we find an unknown graph using distance queries between its vertices? We assume that the unknown graph is connected, unweighted, and has bounded degree. The goal is to find every edge in the graph. This problem admits a reconstruction algorithm based on multi‐phase Voronoi‐cell decomposition and using distance queries. In our work, we analyze a simple reconstruction algorithm. We show that, on random ‐regular graphs, our algorithm uses distance queries. As by‐products, with high probability, we can reconstruct those graphs using queries to an all‐distances oracle or queries to a betweenness oracle, and we bound the metric dimension of those graphs by . Our reconstruction algorithm has a very simple structure, and is highly parallelizable. On general graphs of bounded degree, our reconstruction algorithm has subquadratic query complexity.
Bimetallic Phosphide Heterostructure Coupled with Ultrathin Carbon Layer Boosting Overall Alkaline Water and Seawater Splitting
Authors: Li Jingwen , Hu Yezhou , Huang Xiao , Zhu Ye , Wang Deli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeawater electrolysis is promising for green hydrogen production but hindered by the sluggish reaction kinetics of both cathode and anode, as well as the detrimental chlorine chemistry environment. Herein, a self‐supported bimetallic phosphide heterostructure electrode strongly coupled with an ultrathin carbon layer on Fe foam (C@CoP‐FeP/FF) is constructed. When used as an electrode for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) in simulated seawater, the C@CoP‐FeP/FF electrode shows overpotentials of 192 mV and 297 mV at 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, the C@CoP‐FeP/FF electrode enables the overall simulated seawater splitting at the cell voltage of 1.73 V to achieve 100 mA cm−2, and operate stably during 100 h. The superior overall water and seawater splitting properties can be ascribed to the integrated architecture of CoP‐FeP heterostructure, strongly coupled carbon protective layer, and self‐supported porous current collector. The unique composites can not only provide enriched active sites, ensure prominent intrinsic activity, but also accelerate the electron transfer and mass diffusion. This work confirms the feasibility of an integration strategy for the manufacturing of a promising bifunctional electrode for water and seawater splitting.
Diallyl disulfide downregulating RhoGDI2 induces differentiation and inhibit invasion via the Rac1/Pak1/LIMK1 pathway in human leukemia HL‐60 cells
Authors: Hui Tan , Yiling Jiang , Guangqun Chen , Ran Liu , Hui Ling , Lan Yi , Jie He , Su Qi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLeukemia is a type of disease in which hematopoietic stem cells proliferate clonally at the genetic level. We discovered previously by high‐resolution mass spectrometry that diallyl disulfide (DADS), which is one of the effective ingredients of garlic, reduces the performance of RhoGDI2 from APL HL‐60 cells. Although RhoGDI2 is oversubscribed in several cancer categories, the effect of RhoGDI2 in HL‐60 cells has remained unexplained. We aimed to investigate the influence of RhoGDI2 on DADS‐induced differentiation of HL‐60 cells to elucidate the association among the effect of inhibition or over‐expression of RhoGDI2 with HL‐60 cell polarization, migration and invasion, which is important for establishing a novel generation of inducers to elicit leukemia cell polarization. Co‐transfection with RhoGDI2‐targeted miRNAs apparently decreases the malignant biological behavior of cells and upregulates cytopenias in DADS‐treated HL‐60 cell lines, which increases CD11b and decreases CD33 and mRNA levels of Rac1, PAK1 and LIMK1. Meanwhile, we generated HL‐60 cell lines with high‐expressing RhoGDI2. The proliferation, migration and invasion capacity of such cells were significantly increased by the treated with DADS, while the reduction capacity of the cells was decreased. There was a reduction in CD11b and an increase in CD33 production, as well as an increase in the mRNA levels of Rac1, PAK1 and LIMK1. It also confirmed that inhibition of RhoGDI2 attenuates the EMT cascade via the Rac1/Pak1/LIMK1 pathway, thereby inhibiting the malignant biological behavior of HL‐60 cells. Thus, we considered that inhibition of RhoGDI2 expression might be a new therapeutic direction for the treatment of human promyelocytic leukemia. The anti‐cancer property of DADS against HL‐60 leukemia cells might be regulated by RhoGDI2 through the Rac1‐Pak1‐LIMK1 pathway, which provides new evidence for DADS as a clinical anti‐cancer medicine.
Causal shadow and non-local modular flow: from degeneracy to perturbative genesis by correlation
Authors: Chen Liangyu , Wang Huajia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Causal shadows are bulk space-time regions between the entanglement wedges and the causal wedges, their existence encodes deep aspects of the entanglement wedge reconstruction in the context of subregion duality in AdS/CFT. In this paper, we study the perturbation theory of the causal shadows and their relation to the properties of the associated modular flows. We first revisit the cases of degenerate causal shadows based on known examples, and discuss the origin for their degeneracy via the local nature of the modular flow. We then focus on the perturbative case in which the CFT subregion consists of two spheres separated by a large distance L ≫ R1,2. The RT surfaces still agree with the causal horizons, giving a degenerate causal shadow classically. We compute the corrections to the quantum extremal surfaces (Q.E.S) from the bulk mutual information, which then give rise to a non-degenerate causal shadow at order GN. We end by discussing the causal shadow perturbation theory more generally, in particular we explore the possibility of extracting the positivity conditions characterizing perturbative causal shadows in the boundary CFTs.
Flow equation and fermion gap in the holographic superconductors
Authors: Yuk Taewon , Sin Sang-Jin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We reconsider the fermion spectral function in the presence of the Cooper pair condensation and identified the interaction type of complex scalar and fermion, which gives consistent results with the expected s-wave superconductor for the first time. We derive the matrix Riccati equation, which allows the precise calculation of the fermion spectral function. Apart from the gap structure, we studied the effect of the chemical potential and the density and compared it with the BCS theory. We found that two theories give similar results in small chemical potential but very different ones in the high-density case, which we attribute to the correlation effect.
Integrable field theories and their CCFT duals
Authors: Kapec Daniel , Tropper Adam 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We compute the Mellin transforms of various two-dimensional integrable S-matrices, providing the first explicit, non-perturbative realizations of celestial CFT. In two dimensions, the Mellin transform is simply the Fourier transform in rapidity space, and the “celestial correlator” has no position dependence. The simplified setting allows us to study the analytic properties of CCFT correlators exactly as a function of the conformal dimensions. We find that the correlators exist as real distributions of the conformal weights, with asymptotics controlled by the mass spectrum and three-point couplings of the model. Coupling these models to a flat space limit of JT gravity preserves integrability and dresses the amplitudes by a rapidly varying gravitational phase. We find that the coupling to gravity smooths out certain singular aspects of the Mellin-transformed correlators.
Anatomy of the electroweak phase transition for dark sector induced baryogenesis
Authors: Carena Marcela , Li Ying-Ying , Ou Tong , Wang Yikun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We investigate the electroweak phase transition patterns for a recently proposed baryogenesis model with CP violation originated in the dark sector. The model includes a complex scalar singlet-Higgs boson portal, a U(1)l gauge lepton symmetry with a Z′ gauge boson portal and a fermionic dark matter particle. We find a novel thermal history of the scalar sector, featuring a Z2 breaking singlet vacuum in the early Universe driven by a dark Yukawa coupling, that induces a one-step strongly first order electroweak phase transition. We explore the parameter space that generates the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry and dark matter relic abundance, while being consistent with constraints from electric dipole moment, collider searches, and dark matter direct detection bounds. The complex singlet can be produced via the Higgs portal and decays into Standard Model particles after traveling a certain distance. We explore the reach for long-lived singlet scalars at the 13 TeV Large Hadron Collider with $$ \mathcal{L} $$
L
= 139 fb−1 and show its impact on the parameter space of the model. Setting aside currently unresolved theoretical uncertainties, we estimate the gravitational wave signatures detectable at future observatories.
Probing the singularities of the Landau-Gauge gluon and ghost propagators with rational approximants
Authors: Boito D. , Cucchieri A. , London C. Y. , Mendes T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We employ Padé approximants in the study of the analytic structure of the four-dimensional SU(2) Landau-gauge gluon and ghost propagators in the infrared regime. The approximants, which are model independent, serve as fitting functions for the lattice data. We carefully propagate the uncertainties due to the fitting procedure, taking into account all possible correlations. For the gluon-propagator data, we confirm the presence of a pair of complex poles at $$ {p}_{\textrm{pole}}^2 $$

p
pole
2

= [(−0.37 ± 0.05stat± 0.08sys) ± i (0.66 ± 0.03stat± 0.02sys)] GeV2, where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. The existence of this pair of complex poles, already hinted upon in previous works, is thus put onto a firmer basis, thanks to the model independence and to the careful error propagation of our analysis. For the ghost propagator, the Padés indicate the existence of a single pole at p2 = 0, as expected. In this case, our results also show evidence of a branch cut along the negative real axis of p2. This is corroborated with another type of approximant, the D-Log Padés, which are better suited to studying functions with a branch cut and are applied here for the first time in this context. Due to particular features and limited statistics of the gluon-propagator data, our analysis is inconclusive regarding the presence of a branch cut in the gluon case.
Gravity as a gapless phase and biform symmetries
Authors: Hinterbichler Kurt , Hofman Diego M. , Joyce Austin , Mathys Grégoire 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study effective field theories (EFTs) enjoying (maximal) biform symmetries. These are defined by the presence of a conserved (electric) current that has the symmetries of a Young tableau with two columns of equal length. When these theories also have a topological (magnetic) biform current, its conservation law is anomalous. We go on to show that this mixed anomaly uniquely fixes the two-point function between the electric and magnetic currents. We then perform a Källén-Lehmann spectral decomposition of the current-current correlator, proving that there is a massless mode in the spectrum, whose masslessness is protected by the anomaly. Furthermore, the anomaly gives rise to a universal form of the EFT whose most relevant term — which resembles the linear Einstein action — dominates the infrared physics. As applications of this general formalism, we study the theories of a Galileon superfluid and linearized gravity. Thus, one can view the masslessness of the graviton as being protected by the anomalous biform symmetries. The associated EFT provides an organizing principle for gravity at low energies in terms of physical symmetries, and allows interactions consistent with linearized diffeomorphism invariance. These theories are not ultraviolet-complete — the relevant symmetries can be viewed as emergent — nor do they include the nonlinearities necessary to make them fully diffeomorphism invariant, so there is no contradiction with the expectation that quantum gravity cannot have any global symmetries.
A unified picture of medium-induced radiation
Authors: Isaksen Johannes Hamre , Takacs Adam , Tywoniuk Konrad 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We revisit the picture of jets propagating in the quark-gluon plasma. In addition to vacuum radiation, partons scatter on the medium constituents resulting in induced emissions. Analytical approaches to including these interactions have traditionally dealt separately with multiple, soft, or rare, hard scatterings. A full description has so far only been available using numerical methods. We achieve full analytical control of the relevant scales and map out the dominant physical processes in the full phase space. To this aim, we extend existing expansion schemes for the medium-induced spectrum to the Bethe-Heitler regime. This covers the whole phase space from early to late times, and from hard splittings to emissions below the thermal scale. Based on the separation of scales, a space-time picture naturally emerges: at early times, induced emissions start to build from rare scatterings with the medium. At a later stage, induced emissions due to multiple soft scatterings result in a turbulent cascade that rapidly degrades energy down to, and including, the Bethe-Heitler regime. We quantify the impact of such an improved picture, compared to the current state-of-the-art factorization that includes only soft scatterings, by both analytical and numerical methods for the medium-induced energy distribution function. Our work serves to improve our understanding of jet quenching from small to large systems and for future upgrades of Monte Carlo generators.
Unfolded Fierz-Pauli equations in three-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes
Authors: Ammon Martin , Pannier Michel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We utilise a quotient of the universal enveloping algebra of the Poincaré algebra in three spacetime dimensions, on which we formulate a covariant constancy condition. The equations so obtained contain the Fierz-Pauli equations for non-interacting, massive higher-spin fields, and can thus be regarded as an unfolding of the Fierz-Pauli system. All fundamental fields completely decouple from each other. In the non-truncated case, the field content includes infinitely many copies of each field at fixed spin.
Local spatial densities for composite spin-3/2 systems
Authors: Alharazin H. , Sun B.-D. , Epelbaum E. , Gegelia J. , Meißner U.-G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The definition of local spatial densities by using sharply localized one-particle states is applied to spin-3/2 systems. Matrix elements of the electromagnetic current and the energy-momentum tensor are considered and integral expressions of associated spatial distributions in terms of form factors are derived.
Perfecting one-loop BCJ numerators in SYM and supergravity
Authors: Edison Alex , He Song , Johansson Henrik , Schlotterer Oliver , Teng Fei , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We take a major step towards computing D-dimensional one-loop amplitudes in general gauge theories, compatible with the principles of unitarity and the color-kinematics duality. For n-point amplitudes with either supersymmetry multiplets or generic non-supersymmetric matter in the loop, simple all-multiplicity expressions are obtained for the maximal cuts of kinematic numerators of n-gon diagrams. At n = 6, 7 points with maximal supersymmetry, we extend the cubic-diagram numerators to encode all contact terms, and thus solve the long-standing problem of simultaneously realizing the following properties: color-kinematics duality, manifest locality, optimal power counting of loop momenta, quadratic rather than linearized Feynman propagators, compatibility with double copy as well as all graph symmetries. Color-kinematics dual representations with similar properties are presented in the half-maximally supersymmetric case at n = 4, 5 points. The resulting gauge-theory integrands and their supergravity counterparts obtained from the double copy are checked to reproduce the expected ultraviolet divergences.
Constraints on the hadronic light-by-light in the Melnikov-Vainshtein regime
Authors: Bijnens Johan , Hermansson-Truedsson Nils , Rodríguez-Sánchez Antonio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The muon anomalous magnetic moment continues to attract attention due to the possible tension between the experimentally measured value and the theoretical Standard Model prediction. With the aim to reduce the uncertainty on the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the magnetic moment, we derive short-distance constraints in the Melnikov-Vainshtein regime which are useful for data-driven determinations. In this kinematical region, two of the four electromagnetic currents are close in the four-point function defining the hadronic light-by-light tensor. To obtain the constraints, we develop a systematic operator product expansion of the tensor in question to next-to-leading order in the expansion in operators. We evaluate the leading in αs contributions and derive constraints for the next-to-leading operators that are also valid nonperturbatively.
Tailoring flow behavior and heat transfer in tempering channels for high-pressure die casting—analysis of potentials of commercial static mixers and prospects of additive manufacturing
Authors: Sode Marco , Kahlert Moritz , Arold Tizian , Fros Adam Peter , Vollmer Malte , Niendorf Thomas , Fehlbier Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) opens up manifold possibilities to influence the heat transfer between fluid and die in high-pressure die casting (HPDC), eventually allowing to minimize the total cycle time of the process. AM already has been exploited to establish near-contour temperature control systems in industrial applications. However, AM not only allows to influence the position of tempering channels in dies but it also allows to influence the fluid dynamics itself, e.g., by imprinted static mixers. Up to now, such flow-influencing mixing elements have not been considered in metal AM. In the present work, the impact of such metallic static mixers and most relevant processing conditions is investigated experimentally as well by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. In a first step, conventional static mixer elements are integrated into straight tempering channels to stimulate turbulences of the flowing tempering medium, finally resulting in an increase of the heat transfer up to 33%. In a second step, laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M) is applied to realize static mixers. Results obtained reveal that tempering channels without negative influences on the general flow behavior compared to conventional static mixers in straight tempering channels can be realized. In conclusion, the presented results show a positive impact on heat transfer and, thus, allow to further increase the economic efficiency of the HPDC process.