bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Distribution Solver: A Model for Field‐Aligned Plasma Profiles Based on Spatial Variation of Velocity Distribution Functions
Authors: Saito K. , Katoh Y. , Kawazura Y. , Kitahara M. , Kimura T. , Kumamoto A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the plasma distribution solver (PDS), a theoretical model that determines plasma number density and pressure profiles along a magnetic field line of magnetized planets. The PDS computes velocity distribution functions of each particle species at an arbitrary point along a field line to meet the force balance and the accessibility. The number density, mean flow velocity, and pressure calculated by taking the zero‐th, first‐, second‐order moments of the velocity distribution functions enable us to obtain field‐aligned profiles of the quantities strictly consistent with the assumed ionospheric/magnetospheric boundary conditions. The spatial distribution of physical quantities, such as Alfvén speed and plasma β, was also obtained from the PDS results. We applied the PDS to the Jupiter‐Io system. When the temperature anisotropy is presented for the ion species originated from Io, the ion species other than protons, especially O+, can hardly reach mid‐to‐high latitudes. The number density of electrons which satisfy the charge neutrality with ions is also reduced compared to the case when the temperature is assumed to be isotropic. From these differences in the number density profile, we found the change of the boundary position, which characterizes dispersive Alfvén waves from the relation between the plasma β and the mass ratio between electrons and ions.
Upper Limit on Outer Radiation Belt Electron Flux Based on Dynamical Equilibrium
Authors: Mourenas D. , Artemyev A. V. , Zhang X.‐J. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the Earth's radiation belts, an upper limit on the electron flux is expected to be imposed by the Kennel‐Petschek mechanism, through the generation of exponentially more intense whistler‐mode waves as the trapped flux increases above this upper limit, leading to fast electron pitch‐angle diffusion and precipitation into the atmosphere. Here, we examine a different upper limit, corresponding to a dynamical equilibrium in the presence of energetic electron injections and both pitch‐angle and energy diffusion by whistler‐mode chorus waves. We first show that during sustained injections, the electron flux energy spectrum tends toward a steady‐state attractor resulting from combined chorus wave‐driven energy and pitch‐angle diffusion. We derive simple analytical expressions for this steady‐state energy spectrum in a wide parameter range, in agreement with simulations. Approximate analytical expressions for the corresponding equilibrium upper limit on the electron flux are provided as a function of the strength of energetic electron injections from the plasma sheet. The analytical steady‐state energy spectrum is also compared with maximum electron fluxes measured in the outer radiation belt during several geomagnetic storms with strong injections, showing a good agreement at 100–600 keV.
Forecast Global Ionospheric TEC: Apply Modified U‐Net on VISTA TEC Data Set
Authors: Wang Zihan , Zou Shasha , Sun Hu , Chen Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work developed a modified U‐Net model (a convolutional network architecture) to predict global Total Electron Content (TEC) maps. The input includes the current global TEC map, the current F10.7, the time history of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Bz and SYM‐H in the previous 4 days, the Hour of Day, and the Day of Year. The output is the global TEC map several hours or several days ahead. The modified U‐Net was trained and validated on a brand new TEC database, the VISTA (Video Imputation with SoftImpute, Temporal smoothing and Auxiliary data) TEC database. The VISTA TEC maps can reveal important large‐scale TEC structures and preserve mesoscale structures simultaneously. Taking advantage of the new neural network and the new database, our model achieves an root of the mean squared error from 1.2 TECU to 2.4 TECU as the prediction horizon increases from 1 hr to 7 days. In addition, the model could reveal multiscale structures in the predicted TEC maps.
A New Method for Predicting Non‐Recurrent Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Wang Cong , Ye Qian , He Fei , Chen Bo , Zhang Xiaoxin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPredicting non‐recurrent geomagnetic storms caused by Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) is important and necessary for space weather forecasting. Previous studies have shown that it is feasible to predict non‐recurrent geomagnetic storms by reconstructing precursors from cosmic ray intensity (CRI) in the frequency domain. However, the difficulty lies in predicting the minor storms, the moderate storms, and the storms accompanying ground level enhancement (GLE). This study proposes a new method that includes the spectral whitening method and CEEMDAN‐CWT for predicting non‐recurrent geomagnetic storms. The method was applied to 229 CME‐driven events, including 166 events with Kp ≥ 5 and 63 events with Kp < 5, during the solar cycles 23 and 24. This study analyzed 166 geomagnetic storm events and found that 129 of them were accurately predicted, resulting in a recall rate of 77.7%. Additionally, the study found that as the Kp index increased, the amplitude of the precursor detected by this method also increased, while the time interval between the onset of CME and the maximum amplitude of the precursor decreased.
Real-world experience with ponatinib therapy in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: impact of depth of response on survival and prior exposure to nilotinib on arterial occlusive events
Authors: Abdelmagid Maymona G. , Al-Kali Aref , Litzow Mark R. , Begna Kebede H. , Hogan William J. , Patnaik Mirinal S. , Hashmi Shahrukh K. , Elliott Michelle A. , Alkhateeb Hassan , Karrar Omer S. , Fleti Farah , Elnayir Mohammed H. , Rivera Candido E. , Murthy Hemant S. , Foran James M. , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Badar Talha , Viswanatha David S. , Reichard Kaaren K. , Gangat Naseema , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe surveyed the performance of ponatinib, as salvage therapy, in a real-world setting of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP). Among 55 consecutive patients (median age 49 years) with relapsed/refractory CML-CP, 35 (64%) had failed ≥3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), 35 (64%) were pre-treated with nilotinib, and 14 (28%) harbored ABL1T315I. At start of ponatinib (median dose 30 mg/day), 40 patients were already in complete hematologic (CHR), 4 in complete cytogenetic (CCyR), 3 in major molecular (MMR) remission, while 8 had not achieved CHR (NR). Ponatinib improved the depth of response in 13 (33%), 3 (75%), 2 (66%), and 4 (50%) patients with CHR, CCyR, MMR, and NR, respectively (p = 0.02). At a median follow-up of 42 months, 13 (23%) deaths, 5 (9%) blast transformations, and 25 (45%) allogeneic transplants were recorded. Five/10-year post-ponatinib survival was 77%/58% with no significant difference when patients were stratified by allogeneic transplant (p = 0.94), ponatinib-induced deeper response (p = 0.28), or a post-ponatinib ≥CCyR vs CHR remission state (p = 0.25). ABL1T315I was detrimental to survival (p = 0.04) but did not appear to affect response. Prior exposure to nilotinib was associated with higher risk of arterial occlusive events (AOEs; 11% vs 0%; age-adjusted p = 0.04). Ponatinib starting/maintenance dose (45 vs 15 mg/day) did not influence either treatment response or AOEs. Our observations support the use of a lower starting/maintenance dose for ponatinib in relapsed/refractory CML-CP but a survival advantage for deeper responses was not apparent and treatment might not overcome the detrimental impact of ABL1T315I on survival. The association between prior exposure to nilotinib and a higher risk of post-ponatinib AOEs requires further validation.
Viscoelastic, ductile and repairable carbon nanotube films formed with CNT/PEI double networks containing branched polyethylenimine
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Wang Xin , Zhang Xin , Zou Jingyun , Zhang Yongyi , Zhao Jingna , Li Qingwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractManipulating nanostructure assemblies is important in using them as structural and functional materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) lack the ability to reconstruct their entangled network. In this work, we report a strategy with which to realize efficient manipulation of CNT networks by forming double networks with branched polyethylenimine (PEI). The double network was highly viscoelastic and ductile and enabled efficient film stretching or creeping for CNT alignment, which dramatically improved the mechanical strength of the CNT films. Due to the viscous drag from the polymer network, the CNTs showed enhanced movability in reconstructing new networks, which made the film repairable. The repairability resulted from the branched polymeric structure. This double-networking strategy provides a new way to manipulate CNT assemblies for high-performance applications.
Heterogeneous effects of battery storage deployment strategies on decarbonization of provincial power systems in China
Authors: Peng Liqun , Mauzerall Denise L. , Zhong Yaofeng D. , He Gang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBattery storage is critical for integrating variable renewable generation, yet how the location, scale, and timing of storage deployment affect system costs and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is uncertain. We improve a power system model, SWITCH-China, to examine three nationally uniform battery deployment strategies (Renewable-connected, Grid-connected, and Demand-side) and a heterogeneous battery deployment strategy where each province is allowed to utilize any of the three battery strategies. Here, we find that the heterogeneous strategy always provides the lowest system costs among all four strategies, where provinces with abundant renewable resources dominantly adopt Renewable-connected batteries while those with limited renewables dominantly adopt Demand-side batteries. However, which strategy achieves the lowest CO2 emissions depends on carbon prices. The Renewable-connected strategy achieves the lowest CO2 emissions when carbon prices are relatively low, and the heterogeneous strategy results in the lowest CO2 emissions only at extremely high carbon prices.
Hyperthermia-triggered biomimetic bubble nanomachines
Authors: Gao Junbin , Qin Hanfeng , Wang Fei , Liu Lu , Tian Hao , Wang Hong , Wang Shuanghu , Ou Juanfeng , Ye Yicheng , Peng Fei , Tu Yingfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have gained much attention in the treatment of various malignant tumors during the past decades. However, limited tumor penetration of nanodrugs remains a significant hurdle for effective tumor therapy due to the existing biological barriers of tumoral microenvironment. Inspired by bubble machines, here we report the successful fabrication of biomimetic nanodevices capable of in-situ secreting cell-membrane-derived nanovesicles with smaller sizes under near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation for synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy. Porous Au nanocages (AuNC) are loaded with phase transitable perfluorohexane (PFO) and hemoglobin (Hb), followed by oxygen pre-saturation and indocyanine green (ICG) anchored 4T1 tumor cell membrane camouflage. Upon slight laser treatment, the loaded PFO undergoes phase transition due to surface plasmon resonance effect produced by AuNC framework, thus inducing the budding of outer cell membrane coating into small-scale nanovesicles based on the pore size of AuNC. Therefore, the hyperthermia-triggered generation of nanovesicles with smaller size, sufficient oxygen supply and anchored ICG results in enhanced tumor penetration for further self-sufficient oxygen-augmented photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. The as-developed biomimetic bubble nanomachines with temperature responsiveness show great promise as a potential nanoplatform for cancer treatment.
Spinal cord repair is modulated by the neurogenic factor Hb-egf under direction of a regeneration-associated enhancer
Authors: Cigliola Valentina , Shoffner Adam , Lee Nutishia , Ou Jianhong , Gonzalez Trevor J. , Hoque Jiaul , Becker Clayton J. , Han Yanchao , Shen Grace , Faw Timothy D. , Abd-El-Barr Muhammad M. , Varghese Shyni , Asokan Aravind , Poss Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnlike adult mammals, zebrafish regenerate spinal cord tissue and recover locomotor ability after a paralyzing injury. Here, we find that ependymal cells in zebrafish spinal cords produce the neurogenic factor Hb-egfa upon transection injury. Animals withhb-egfamutations display defective swim capacity, axon crossing, and tissue bridging after spinal cord transection, associated with disrupted indicators of neuron production. Local recombinant human HB-EGF delivery alters ependymal cell cycling and tissue bridging, enhancing functional regeneration. Epigenetic profiling reveals a tissue regeneration enhancer element (TREE) linked tohb-egfathat directs gene expression in spinal cord injuries. Systemically delivered recombinant AAVs containing this zebrafish TREE target gene expression to crush injuries of neonatal, but not adult, murine spinal cords. Moreover, enhancer-based HB-EGF delivery by AAV administration improves axon densities after crush injury in neonatal cords. Our results identify Hb-egf as a neurogenic factor necessary for innate spinal cord regeneration and suggest strategies to improve spinal cord repair in mammals.
A lignin-derived material improves plant nutrient bioavailability and growth through its metal chelating capacity
Authors: Liu Qiang , Kawai Tsubasa , Inukai Yoshiaki , Aoki Dan , Feng Zhihang , Xiao Yihui , Fukushima Kazuhiko , Lin Xianyong , Shi Weiming , Busch Wolfgang , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Li Baohai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe lignocellulosic biorefinery industry can be an important contributor to achieving global carbon net zero goals. However, low valorization of the waste lignin severely limits the sustainability of biorefineries. Using a hydrothermal reaction, we have converted sulfuric acid lignin (SAL) into a water-soluble hydrothermal SAL (HSAL). Here, we show the improvement of HSAL on plant nutrient bioavailability and growth through its metal chelating capacity. We characterize HSAL’s high ratio of phenolic hydroxyl groups to methoxy groups and its capacity to chelate metal ions. Application of HSAL significantly promotes root length and plant growth of both monocot and dicot plant species due to improving nutrient bioavailability. The HSAL-mediated increase in iron bioavailability is comparable to the well-known metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Therefore, HSAL promises to be a sustainable nutrient chelator to provide an attractive avenue for sustainable utilization of the waste lignin from the biorefinery industry.
Domain loss enabled evolution of novel functions in the snake three-finger toxin gene superfamily
Authors: Koludarov Ivan , Senoner Tobias , Jackson Timothy N. W. , Dashevsky Daniel , Heinzinger Michael , Aird Steven D. , Rost Burkhard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThree-finger toxins (3FTXs) are a functionally diverse family of toxins, apparently unique to venoms of caenophidian snakes. Although the ancestral function of 3FTXs is antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, redundancy conferred by the accumulation of duplicate genes has facilitated extensive neofunctionalization, such that derived members of the family interact with a range of targets. 3FTXs are members of the LY6/UPAR family, but their non-toxin ancestor remains unknown. Combining traditional phylogenetic approaches, manual synteny analysis, and machine learning techniques (including AlphaFold2 and ProtT5), we have reconstructed a detailed evolutionary history of 3FTXs. We identify their immediate ancestor as a non-secretory LY6, unique to squamate reptiles, and propose that changes in molecular ecology resulting from loss of a membrane-anchoring domain and changes in gene expression, paved the way for the evolution of one of the most important families of snake toxins.
Radiomic predicts early response to CDK4/6 inhibitors in hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Khorrami Mohammadhadi , Viswanathan Vidya Sakar , Reddy Priyanka , Braman Nathaniel , Kunte Siddharth , Gupta Amit , Abraham Jame , Montero Alberto J. , Madabhushi Anant 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe combination of Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and endocrine therapy (ET) is the standard of care for hormone receptor-positive (HR + ), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Currently, there are no robust biomarkers that can predict response to CDK4/6i, and it is not clear which patients benefit from this therapy. Since MBC patients with liver metastases have a poorer prognosis, developing predictive biomarkers that could identify patients likely to respond to CDK4/6i is clinically important. Here we show the ability of imaging texture biomarkers before and a few cycles after CDK4/6i therapy, to predict early response and overall survival (OS) on 73 MBC patients with known liver metastases who received palbociclib plus ET from two sites. The delta radiomic model was associated with OS in validation set (HR: 2.4; 95% CI, 1.06–5.6; P = 0.035; C-index = 0.77). Compared to RECIST response, delta radiomic features predicted response with area under the curve (AUC) = 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–0.88. Our study revealed that radiomics features can predict a lack of response earlier than standard anatomic/RECIST 1.1 assessment and warrants further study and clinical validation.
A structure translation model for crystal compounds
Authors: Kim Sungwon , Noh Juhwan , Jin Taewon , Lee Jaewan , Jung Yousung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh-throughput virtual screening for crystals aims to discover new materials by evaluating the property of every virtual candidate in the database exhaustively. During this process, the major computational bottleneck is the costly structural relaxation of each hypothetical material on the large-scale dataset using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Here, we present a generative domain translation framework that maps the unrelaxed structural domains to the relaxed domains, enabling data-driven structural translations. The model predicts the materials formation energy with a small mean absolute error without DFT relaxations, and furthermore can produce the atomic coordinates consistent with the DFT relaxed structures. The utility of the proposed concept is not restricted to the structural domains, and we expect that it can be extended to translate the domain of easy-to-compute properties into the domain of more difficult properties.
Understanding the phenotypic variability in Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC): a need for precision medicine
Authors: Las Heras Macarena , Szenfeld Benjamín , Ballout Rami A. , Buratti Emanuele , Zanlungo Silvana , Dardis Andrea , Klein Andrés D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNiemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) characterized by the buildup of endo-lysosomal cholesterol and glycosphingolipids due to loss of function mutations in theNPC1andNPC2genes. NPC patients can present with a broad phenotypic spectrum, with differences at the age of onset, rate of progression, severity, organs involved, effects on the central nervous system, and even response to pharmacological treatments. This article reviews the phenotypic variation of NPC and discusses its possible causes, such as the remaining function of the defective protein, modifier genes, sex, environmental cues, and splicing factors, among others. We propose that these factors should be considered when designing or repurposing treatments for this disease. Despite its seeming complexity, this proposition is not far-fetched, considering the expanding interest in precision medicine and easier access to multi-omics technologies.
Customized small-sized clinostat using 3D printing and gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane culture dish
Authors: Kim Daehan , Nguyen Que Thanh Thanh , Lee Seungjin , Choi Kyung-Mi , Lee Eun-Ju , Park Joong Yull 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the past few decades, research on life in space has increased. Owing to the expensive nature of and the challenges associated with conducting experiments in real space, clinostats, which continuously randomize the gravity vector by using motors, have been used to generate simulated microgravity (SMG) on Earth. Herein, by using a 3D printing method, we develop a customized small-sized clinostat (CS clinostat) that is easy to manufacture, inexpensive, and robust. Moreover, we develop and fabricate a gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane culture dish that fits inside the CS clinostat. To validate SMG generation, ovarian cancer cells (OV- 90, TOV-21G, and Caov-3) were applied to demonstrate a significant reduction in caveolin-1 expression, a biomarker of SMG, indicating SMG generation. The proposed CS clinostat system has good accessibility for SMG research, which makes it useful as a tool for biologists, who are unfamiliar with conventional clinostat equipment, to conduct preliminary studies in the space environment.
270 nm ultra-thin self-adhesive conformable and long-term air-stable complimentary organic transistors and amplifiers
Authors: Mirshojaeian Hosseini Mohammad Javad , Yang Yi , Kruger Walter , Yokota Tomoyuki , Lee Sunghoon , Someya Takao , Nawrocki Robert A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLightweight, flexible, and conformal bioelectronics are essential for wearable technologies. This paper introduces 270 nm thin organic electronics amplifying circuits that are self-adhesive, skin conformal, and long-term air-stable. This report studies the effect of total device thickness, namely 3 μm and 270 nm devices, on the characterization of organic devices before and after buckling, the longevity of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) over 5 years, and the lamination of OFETs on the human skin. A single-stage organic complementary inverter and a pseudo-complementary amplifier are fabricated to compare their electrical characteristics, with amplification gains of 10 and 64, respectively. Finally, the study demonstrates a five-stage organic complementary inverter can successfully amplify artificial electromyogram and electrocardiogram signals with gains of 1000 and 1088, respectively.