bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous excess noise behavior in thick Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 avalanche photodiodes
Authors: Lewis Harry I. J. , Jin Xiao , Guo Bingtian , Lee Seunghyun , Jung Hyemin , Kodati Sri Harsha , Liang Baolai , Krishna Sanjay , Ong Duu Sheng , Campbell Joe C. , David John P. R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAl0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 has recently attracted significant research interest as a material for 1550 nm low-noise short-wave infrared (SWIR) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) due to the very wide ratio between its electron and hole ionization coefficients. This work reports new experimental excess noise data for thick Al0.85Ga0.15As0.56Sb0.44 PIN and NIP structures, measuring low noise at significantly higher multiplication values than previously reported (F = 2.2 at M = 38). These results disagree with the classical McIntyre excess noise theory, which overestimates the expected noise based on the ionization coefficients reported for this alloy. Even the addition of ‘dead space’ effects cannot account for these discrepancies. The only way to explain the low excess noise observed is to conclude that the spatial probability distributions for impact ionization of electrons and holes in this material follows a Weibull–Fréchet distribution function even at relatively low electric-fields. Knowledge of the ionization coefficients alone is no longer sufficient to predict the excess noise properties of this material system and consequently the electric-field dependent electron and hole ionization probability distributions are extracted for this alloy.
EEG alpha band functional connectivity reveals distinct cortical dynamics for overt and covert emotional face processing
Authors: Maffei Antonio , Coccaro Ambra , Jaspers-Fayer Fern , Goertzen Jennifer , Sessa Paola , Liotti Mario 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCurrent knowledge regarding how the focus of our attention during face processing influences neural responses largely comes from neuroimaging studies reporting on regional brain activations. The present study was designed to add novel insights to this research by studying how attention can differentially impact the way cortical regions interact during emotional face processing. High-density electroencephalogram was recorded in a sample of fifty-two healthy participants during an emotional face processing task. The task required participants to either attend to the expressions (i.e., overt processing) or attend to a perceptual distractor, which rendered the expressions task-irrelevant (i.e., covert processing). Functional connectivity in the alpha band was estimated in source space and modeled using graph theory to quantify whole-brain integration and segregation. Results revealed that overt processing of facial expressions is linked to reduced cortical segregation and increased cortical integration, this latter specifically for negative expressions of fear and sadness. Furthermore, we observed increased communication efficiency during overt processing of negative expressions between the core and the extended face processing systems. Overall, these findings reveal that attention makes the interaction among the nodes involved in face processing more efficient, also uncovering a connectivity signature of the prioritized processing mechanism of negative expressions, that is an increased cross-communication within the nodes of the face processing network.
Comorbidity genetic risk and pathways impact SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes
Authors: Jaros Rachel K. , Fadason Tayaza , Cameron-Smith David , Golovina Evgeniia , O’Sullivan Justin M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic risk and mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and comorbidities interact to impact acute and long-term sequelae is essential if we are to reduce the ongoing health burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we use a de novo protein diffusion network analysis coupled with tissue-specific gene regulatory networks, to examine putative mechanisms for associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and comorbidities. Our approach identifies a shared genetic aetiology and molecular mechanisms for known and previously unknown comorbidities of SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. Additionally, genomic variants, genes and biological pathways that provide putative causal mechanisms connecting inherited risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and coronary artery disease and Parkinson’s disease are identified for the first time. Our findings provide an in depth understanding of genetic impacts on traits that collectively alter an individual’s predisposition to acute and post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes. The existence of complex inter-relationships between the comorbidities we identify raises the possibility of a much greater post-acute burden arising from SARS-CoV-2 infection if this genetic predisposition is realised.
Near-surface termination of upward-propagating strike-slip ruptures on the Yangsan Fault, Korea
Authors: Cheon Youngbeom , Kim Chang-Min , Choi Jin-Hyuck , Ha Sangmin , Lee Seongjun , Kim Taehyung , Kang Hee-Cheol , Son Moon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present a new example of the termination of strike-slip paleoearthquake ruptures in near-surface regions on the Yangsan Fault, Korea, based on multi-scale structural observations. Paleoearthquake ruptures occur mostly along the boundary between the inherited fault core and damage zone (N10–20°E/> 75°SE). The ruptures propagated upward to the shallow subsurface along a < 3-cm-wide specific slip zone with dextral-slip sense, along which the deformation mechanism is characterized mainly by granular flow in near-surface region. The ruptures either reach the surface or are terminated in unconsolidated sediment below the surface. In the latter case, the rupture splays show westward bifurcation, and their geometry and kinematics show a change to NNW-strike with low-angle dip and dextral-reverse oblique-slip sense in the strata. We suggest that the upward termination of the contractional strike-slip ruptures is controlled by the inherited fault geometry that is unfavorable with respect to the stress field (ENE–WSW σHmax) at basement depths in terms of movement on the fault, and the lack of extension of the fault into shallow subsurface; a depth-dependent change in stress from σHmax > σv > σHmin to σHmax > σHmin > σv at depth of a ~ 200 m; and the physical properties of unconsolidated sediment, which have low inter-granular cohesion, resulting in distributed deformation.
Muscle strength rather than appendicular skeletal muscle mass might affect spinal sagittal alignment, low back pain, and health-related quality of life
Authors: Tanaka Yoshihide , Miyagi Masayuki , Inoue Gen , Hori Yusuke , Inage Kazuhide , Murata Kosuke , Fujimaki Hisako , Kuroda Akiyoshi , Yokozeki Yuji , Inoue Sho , Mimura Yusuke , Takahashi Shinji , Ohyama Shoichiro , Terai Hidetomi , Hoshino Masatoshi , Suzuki Akinobu , Tsujio Tadao , Toyoda Hiromitsu , Orita Sumihisa , Eguchi Yawara , Shiga Yasuhiro , Furuya Takeo , Maki Satoshi , Ikeda Shinsuke , Shirasawa Eiki , Imura Takayuki , Nakazawa Toshiyuki , Uchida Kentaro , Ohtori Seiji , Nakamura Hiroaki , Takaso Masashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSarcopenia is defined as decreasing in muscle strength and mass, and dynapenia is defined as decreasing in muscle strength and maintained muscle mass. This study elucidated the prevalence and characteristics of sarcopenia and dynapenia and evaluate in elderly spinal disorders patients. 1039 spinal disorders patients aged ≥ 65 years were included. We measured age, grip strength, muscle mass, spinal sagittal alignment parameters, low back pain (LBP) scores and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) scores. Based on the previous reports, patients were categorised into normal group: NG, pre-sarcopenia group: PG, dynapenia group: DG, and sarcopenia group: SG. Pre-sarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcopenia were found in 101 (9.7%), 249 (19.2%), and 91 (8.8%) patients, respectively. The spinal sagittal alignment parameters, trunk muscle mass, LBP, and HR-QoL scores were significantly worse in DG and SG compared with those in PG and NG. Spinal alignment, trunk muscle mass, and clinical outcomes, including LBP and HR-QoL scores, were maintained in the PG and poor in the DG and SG. Thus, intervention for muscle strength may be a treatment option for changes of spinal sagittal alignment and low back pain.
Identification of macrophage-related genes in sepsis-induced ARDS using bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Li Qiuyue , Zheng Hongyu , Chen Bing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients, and macrophages play very important roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of sepsis-induced ARDS. The aim of this study was to screen macrophage-related biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-induced ARDS by bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms. A dataset including gene expression profiles of sepsis-induced ARDS patients and healthy controls was downloaded from the gene expression omnibus database. The limma package was used to screen 325 differentially expressed genes, and enrichment analysis suggested enrichment mainly in immune-related pathways and reactive oxygen metabolism pathways. The level of immune cell infiltration was analysed using the ssGSEA method, and then 506 macrophage-related genes were screened using WGCNA; 48 showed differential expression. PPI analysis was also performed. SVM-RFE and random forest map analysis were used to screen 10 genes. Three key genes, SGK1, DYSF and MSRB1, were obtained after validation with external datasets. ROC curves suggested that all three genes had good diagnostic efficacy. The nomogram model consisting of the three genes also had good diagnostic efficacy. This study provides new targets for the early diagnosis of sepsis-induced ARDS.
The Pacific Decadal Oscillation modulated marine heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific during past decades
Authors: Ren Xianglin , Liu Wei , Capotondi Antonietta , Amaya Dillon J. , Holbrook Neil J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Pacific Decadal Oscillation has been suggested to play an important role in driving marine heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific during recent decades. Here we combine observations and climate model simulations to show that marine heatwaves became longer, stronger and more frequent off the Northeast Pacific coast under a positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation scenario, unlike what is found during a negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation scenario. This primarily results from the different mean-state sea surface temperatures between the two Pacific Decadal Oscillation phases. Compared to the cool (negative) phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, warmer coastal sea surface temperatures occur during the positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation phase due to reduced coastal cold upwelling and increased net downward surface heat flux. Model results show that, relative to the background anthropogenic global warming, the positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the period 2013–2022 prolongs marine heatwaves duration by up to 43% and acts to increase marine heatwaves annual frequency by up to 32% off the Northeast Pacific coast.
Nonspeech7k dataset: Classification and analysis of human non‐speech sound
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Mamunur , Li Guiqing , Du Chengrui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman non‐speech sounds occur during expressions in a real‐life environment. Realising a person's incapability to prompt confident expressions by non‐speech sounds may assist in identifying premature disorder in medical applications. A novel dataset named Nonspeech7k is introduced that contains a diverse set of human non‐speech sounds, such as the sounds of breathing, coughing, crying, laughing, screaming, sneezing, and yawning. The authors then conduct a variety of classification experiments with end‐to‐end deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) to show the performance of the dataset. First, a set of typical deep classifiers are used to verify the reliability and validity of Nonspeech7k. Involved CNN models include 1D‐2D deep CNN EnvNet, deep stack CNN M11, deep stack CNN M18, intense residual block CNN ResNet34, modified M11 named M12, and the authors’ baseline model. Among these, M12 achieves the highest accuracy of 79%. Second, to verify the heterogeneity of Nonspeech7k with respect to two typical datasets, FSD50K and VocalSound, the authors design a series of experiments to analyse the classification performance of deep neural network classifier M12 by using FSD50K, FSD50K + Nonspeech7k, VocalSound, VocalSound + Nonspeech7k as training data, respectively. Experimental results show that the classifier trained with existing datasets mixed with Nonspeech7k achieves the highest accuracy improvement of 15.7% compared to that without Nonspeech7k mixed. Nonspeech7k is 100% annotated, completely checked, and free of noise. It is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6967442.
Outcomes of recurrent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation according to presumed etiology
Authors: Pedreira Bruno Bacellar , Zachrison Korilyn Sauser , Singhal Aneesh , Yan Zhiyu , Oliveira-Filho Jamary , Schwamm Lee H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a potent risk factor for stroke. The presence of competing etiologies can modify disease outcomes and demand different treatment strategies.
Objectives The primary purpose of the study was to examine the differences in outcomes for patients with AF admitted with a recurrent stroke, stratified according to the presumed etiology of the stroke.
Methods We analyzed AF patients admitted for a recurrent ischemic stroke in an academic comprehensive stroke center. Recurrent strokes were categorized as “Cardioembolic”, meaning AF without any competing mechanism, versus “Undetermined” etiology due to competing mechanisms. We used logistic regression to test the association between recurrent stroke etiology and favorable outcome (discharge home), after accounting for important covariates.
Results We included 230 patients, with a mean age 76.9 (SD ± 11.3), 52.2% male, median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 7 (IQR 2–16). Patients with cardioembolic stroke (65.2%) had higher median NIHSS 8.5 (3–18) versus 3 (1–8) and were more likely to be treated with reperfusion therapies. The favorable outcome was reached by 64 patients (27.8%), and in-hospital mortality was 15.2% overall. After adjustment, there was no difference in outcome between patients with cardioembolic versus undetermined stroke etiology (odds ratio for discharge home: 1.41; 95% CI: 0.65–3.15).
Conclusions In this single-center sample of AF patients with history of stroke, there was no difference in discharge outcomes between those with cardioembolic and those with undetermined stroke etiology. This question warrants examination in larger samples to better understand the importance of the stroke mechanism and secondary prophylaxis.
Neonatal Status Epilepticus Secondary to Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia: Efficacy of Low-Dose Dextromethorphan
Authors: Vila-Bedmar Sara , La-Vega Talbott Maite 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNonketotic hyperglycinemia is a severe form of early onset epileptic encephalopathy caused by disturbances in the glycine cleavage system, leading to neurological damage attributed to overstimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Although there are no interventions known to be effective in altering the natural history of nonketotic hyperglycinemia, it is very important that the clinician recognizes this disease and initiates early evaluation and treatment to attain the best possible outcome. Here we present a newborn diagnosed with a severe form of nonketotic hyperglycinemia with frequent myoclonic seizures, which were resistant to phenobarbital, levetiracetam, ketogenic diet, sodium benzoate, and perampanel. Dextromethorphan reduced epileptic myoclonic jerks and improved the background activity on the electroencephalogram.
Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy among Children Aged 2 to 5 Years in a Rural District in Sri Lanka: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wanigasinghe Jithangi , Jasotharan Velappody , Thilaxshan Thevsingam , Murugupillai Roshini , Arambepola Carukshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in the 2- to 5-year age group in a rural setting in Sri Lanka and describe the type, topography, severity, functional status of CP, and associated comorbidities. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the district of Ampara, which represents a typical rural setting in Sri Lanka. A house-to-house survey was performed in 60 geographically defined areas to screen 2- to 5-year-old children for motor disability or any developmental delay. Those who were positive underwent face-to-face interviews for confirmation of the diagnosis of CP. This was followed by an evaluation of the features of the CP. A total of 1,090 children aged 2 to 5 years were screened for CP. Among them, there were four children with confirmed CP, resulting in an overall prevalence of 3.7 per 1,000 children aged 2 to 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 9.4%). Male dominance was noted (75%). The most common single type of CP was spastic (75%). The other was of the mixed type (25%). A severe level of disability (level V) based on gross motor function and manual ability and communication function was seen in 75% of cases. The two most common comorbidities were cerebral visual impairment (75%) and epilepsy (50%). Gastrointestinal-related problems (75%) and contractures (75%) were the most common complications. The burden of CP is relatively high among children in rural settings in Sri Lanka in comparison to reported rates in developed countries. However, these rates are comparable to reported rates from similar rural settings in other regional countries. The majority suffered from a severe degree of impairment.
Stuck in the Dark: No Association between Light, Sound, and Delirium in the PICU
Authors: Greenfield Kara D. , Karam Oliver , Iqbal O'Meara A.M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between sound and light variables and development of delirium in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients within the subsequent 3 days. Light and sound were continuously measured, and patient-specific data were collected daily. Outcomes included presence of delirium, determined by Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD) score ≥ 9 on at least 1 day, and development of delirium in the subsequent 3 days. One hundred and forty-two patients were enrolled, totaling 896 study days. Delirium prevalence was 31%. Neurologic diagnosis, younger age, longer PICU stay, restraints, benzodiazepines, opiate infusion, and dexmedetomidine were associated with delirium. Nighttime sound peaks (>70 and >80 dB) were not associated with delirium (p = 0.94 and 0.36, respectively). Light intensity during midday hours (12:00, 1:00, 2:00 pm) was not associated with the development of delirium (p=0.93, 0.81, 0.83, respectively), nor was maximum light at night, difference between maximum daytime and nighttime light, or between maximum and minimum daytime light (p = 0.15, 0.46, and 0.96, respectively). When adjusting for covariables, none of the sound or light variables was associated with delirium. Despite increasing awareness of pediatric delirium, data surrounding modifiable risk factors and concrete treatment strategies are lacking. We found no significant association between light or sound and development of delirium in PICU patients. However, there was little difference between daytime and nighttime light and sound, which may have impacted findings. As the etiology of delirium is multifactorial and potentially different for individual patients, targeted light/dark cycles warrant further study as they relate to delirium and critical illness.
Decentralisation by military regimes and challenges to citizen participation: an empirical reflection from Pakistan
Authors: Ali Aijaz , Analoui Farhad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is often assumed that in developing countries there is a substantial link between the local governments and community participation. However, what is hardly ever highlighted is what happens when an authoritarian government uses decentralisation reforms to strengthen its power, interfering with not only public development but also the international community. On that account, this study argues that if an authoritarian regime focuses on using elaborate façades of representative institutions such as local government reforms rather than trusting the persuasive force of representative institutions, the local governments of a non-democratic centralised state will have similar authoritarian policies towards civic engagement. The study was based on fieldwork research and the data obtained from the responses to seventy qualitative questionnaires with seven open-ended questions in two districts of Sindh. The findings suggest that the various local governments of Pakistan acted as a medium of recentralisation and created alienation instead of bringing the marginalised communities closer to local power. This article shows that if local governments are used by an authoritarian regime with the purpose of misleading the international community and stifling development, such a system will create alienation between the state and the ordinary citizens.
Self-experience consistency and life satisfaction: The mediating role of the need for relatedness and the moderating role of Zhong-yong thinking
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Deng Huamei , Liu Tiantian , Mu Shoukuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSelf-experience consistency has an important effect on life satisfaction; however, the underlying mechanism of this relationship remains unclear. This study aims to examine why self-experience consistency is related to increased life satisfaction. To do so, we investigated the relationships between self-experience consistency, the need for relatedness, Zhong-yong thinking, and life satisfaction in a sample of 456 undergraduate students. We also tested a moderated mediation model examining Zhong-yong thinking as a moderator. The results suggest that self-experience consistency related to life satisfaction was due, in part, to an increased need for relatedness. However, interpretation of this finding is limited by the use of cross-sectional data. Furthermore, Zhong-yong thinking moderated the self-experience consistency—need for relatedness link, such that the link was stronger for individuals with high/moderate levels of Zhong-yong thinking. Overall, these findings address a major gap in the positive psychology literature. Finally, implications for research are discussed.
Production and perception of voicing contrast in assimilation contexts in Hungarian
Authors: Bárkányi Zsuzsanna , Kiss Zoltán G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper explores to what extent lexical factors, such as minimal pairhood and wordedness, affect the realisation of laryngeal features of the word-final fricatives /s/ and /z/ in Hungarian in potentially neutralising contexts, and whether the observed acoustic differences are perceptually salient enough to distinguish underlying voicing in non-minimal pairs and in minimal pairs in semantically ambiguous contexts. We show that in devoicing contexts the contrast between /s/ and /z/ in minimal pairs is more likely to be upheld than in non-minimal pairs in production, and this difference seems to map onto perceptual contrast, also that complete neutralisation can be prevented in devoicing contexts by durational cues. In the voicing environment, the acoustic difference between the fricatives is less likely to map onto a contrast in perception, indicating neutralisation. In the devoicing context, little voicing is enough to categorise the fricative as voiced: listeners compensate for phonological changes that correspond to existing rules in their language rather than for those that are only coarticulatory in nature.