bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical embodiment and anthropomorphism of AI tutors and their role in student enjoyment and performance
Authors: Ackermann Helene , Henke Anja , Chevalère Johann , Yun Hae Seon , Hafner Verena V. , Pinkwart Niels , Lazarides Rebecca 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRising interest in artificial intelligence in education reinforces the demand for evidence-based implementation. This study investigates how tutor agents’ physical embodiment and anthropomorphism (student-reported sociability, animacy, agency, and disturbance) relate to affective (on-task enjoyment) and cognitive (task performance) learning within an intelligent tutoring system (ITS). Data from 56 students (M = 17.75 years, SD = 2.63 years; 30.4% female), working with an emotionally-adaptive version of the ITS “Betty’s Brain”, were analyzed. The ITS’ agents were either depicted as on-screen robots (condition A) or as both on-screen avatars and physical robots (condition B). Physical presence of the tutor agent was not significantly related to task performance or anthropomorphism, but to higher initial on-task enjoyment. Student-reported disturbance was negatively related to initial on-task enjoyment, and student-reported sociability was negatively related to task performance. While physical robots may increase initial on-task enjoyment, students’ perception of certain characteristics may hinder learning, providing implications for designing social robots for education.
A pseudo-cubic metal–organic cage with conformationally switchable faces for dynamically adaptive guest encapsulation
Authors: Xu Houyang , Ronson Tanya K. , Heard Andrew W. , Teeuwen Paula C. P. , Schneider Laura , Pracht Philipp , Thoburn John D. , Wales David J. , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The creation of hosts capable of accommodating different guest molecules may enable these hosts to play useful roles in chemical purifications, among other applications. Metal–organic cages are excellent hosts for various guests, but they generally incorporate rigid structural units that hinder dynamic adaptation to specific guests. Here we report a conformationally adaptable pseudo-cubic cage that can dynamically increase its cavity volume to fit guests with differing sizes. This pseudo-cube incorporates a tetramine subcomponent with 2,6-naphthalene arms that cooperatively adopt a non-planar conformation, enabling the cage faces to switch between endo and exo states. A wide range of guest molecules were observed to bind within the cavity of this cage, spanning a range of sizes from 46% to 154% of the cavity volume of the empty cage. Experimental and computational evidence characterizes the flipping of cage faces from endo to exo, expanding the cavity upon binding of larger guests.
Watt-class silicon photonics-based optical high-power amplifier
Authors: Singh Neetesh , Lorenzen Jan , Wang Kai , Gaafar Mahmoud A. , Sinobad Milan , Francis Henry , Edelmann Marvin , Geiselmann Michael , Herr Tobias , Garcia-Blanco Sonia M. , Kärtner Franz X. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh-power amplifiers are critical components in optical systems spanning from long-range optical sensing and optical communication systems to micromachining and medical surgery. Today, integrated photonics with its promise of large reductions in size, weight and cost cannot be used in these applications, owing to the lack of on-chip high-power amplifiers. Integrated devices severely lack in output power owing to their small size, which limits their energy storage capacity. For the past two decades, large mode area (LMA) technology has played a disruptive role in fibre amplifiers, enabling a dramatic increase of output power and energy by orders of magnitude. Owing to the ability of LMA fibres to support significantly larger optical modes, the energy storage and power handling capabilities of LMA fibres have significantly increased. Therefore, an LMA device on an integrated platform can play a similar role in power and energy scaling of integrated devices. In this work, we demonstrate LMA waveguide-based watt-class high-power amplifiers in silicon photonics with an on-chip output power exceeding ~1 W within a footprint of only ~4.4 mm2. The power achieved is comparable and even surpasses that of many fibre-based amplifiers. We believe that this work has the potential to radically change the integrated photonics application landscape, allowing power levels previously unimaginable from an integrated device to replace much of today’s benchtop systems. Moreover, mass producibility, reduced size, weight and cost will enable yet unforeseen applications of laser technology.
High-efficiency base editing in the retina in primates and human tissues
Authors: Muller Alissa , Sullivan Jack , Schwarzer Wibke , Wang Mantian , Park-Windhol Cindy , Hasler Pascal W. , Janeschitz-Kriegl Lucas , Duman Mert , Klingler Beryll , Matsell Jane , Hostettler Simon Manuel , Galliker Patricia , Hou Yanyan , Balmer Pierre , Virág Tamás , Barrera Luis Alberto , Young Lauren , Xu Quan , Magda Dániel Péter , Kilin Ferenc , Khadka Arogya , Moreau Pierre-Henri , Fellmann Lyne , Azoulay Thierry , Quinodoz Mathieu , Karademir Duygu , Leppert Juna , Fratzl Alex , Kosche Georg , Sharma Ruchi , Montford Jair , Cattaneo Marco , Croyal Mikaël , Cronin Therese , Picelli Simone , Grison Alice , Cowan Cameron S. , Kusnyerik Ákos , Anders Philipp , Renner Magdalena , Nagy Zoltán Zsolt , Szabó Arnold , Bharti Kapil , Rivolta Carlo , Scholl Hendrik P. N. , Bryson David , Ciaramella Giuseppe , Roska Botond , György Bence 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stargardt disease is a currently untreatable, inherited neurodegenerative disease that leads to macular degeneration and blindness due to loss-of-function mutations in the ABCA4 gene. We have designed a dual adeno-associated viral vector encoding a split-intein adenine base editor to correct the most common mutation in ABCA4 (c.5882G>A, p.Gly1961Glu). We optimized ABCA4 base editing in human models, including retinal organoids, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, as well as adult human retinal explants and RPE/choroid explants in vitro. The resulting gene therapy vectors achieved high levels of gene correction in mutation-carrying mice and in female nonhuman primates, with average editing of 75% of cones and 87% of RPE cells in vivo, which has the potential to translate to a clinical benefit. No off-target editing was detectable in human retinal explants and RPE/choroid explants. The high editing rates in primates show promise for efficient gene editing in other ocular diseases that are targetable by base editing.
Uncertainty maps for model-based global climate classification systems
Authors: Navarro Andrés , Merino Andrés , García-Ortega Eduardo , Tapiador Francisco J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractClimate classification systems (CCSs) are emerging as essential tools in climate change science for mitigation and adaptation. However, their limitations are often misunderstood by non-specialists. This situation is especially acute when the CCSs are derived from Global Climate Model outputs (GCMs). We present a set of uncertainty maps of four widely used schemes -Whittaker-Ricklefs, Holdridge, Thornthwaite-Feddema and Köppen- for present (1980–2014) and future (2015–2100) climate based on 52 models from the Coupled Intercomparison Model Project Phase six (CMIP6). Together with the classification maps, the uncertainty maps provide essential guidance on where the models perform within limits, and where sources of error lie. We share a digital resource that can be readily and freely integrated into mitigation and adaptation studies and which is helpful for scientists and practitioners using climate classifications, minimizing the risk of pitfalls or unsubstantiated conclusions.
Predecting power transformer health index and life expectation based on digital twins and multitask LSTM-GRU model
Authors: El-Rashidy Nora , Sultan Yara A. , Ali Zainab H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPower transformers play a crucial role in enabling the integration of renewable energy sources and improving the overall efficiency and reliability of smart grid systems. They facilitate the conversion, transmission, and distribution of power from various sources and help to balance the load between different parts of the grid. The Transformer Health Index (THI) is one of the most important indicators of ensuring their reliability and preventing unplanned outages. To this end, this study introduces a proposed new architecture called a Smart Electricity Monitoring System based on Fog Computing and Digital Twins (SEMS-FDT) for monitoring the health performance of transformers by measuring the THI rate in real time. The SEMS-FDT is specifically designed to enable the observation of the transformer’s health and performance purposes in real time. The study investigates the role of machine learning (ML) models, including traditional and ensemble methods, in predicting THI and LI (Heat Load Index) by exploring the use of the entire set of features and optimized feature subsets for prediction. To improve the forecasting prediction process and achieve optimal performance a novel multitasks LSTM_GRU model is also proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that there is a promising performance of 2.543, 0.13646, 0.0284, and 0.985 for MSE, MAE, MedAE, and R2 scores respectively. Moreover, the framework is extended by incorporating model explanations, which include global explanations, which provide insights based on the entire dataset, and local explanations, which offer instance-specific explanations. The integration of the proposed model and explainability features provides engineers with comprehensive outcomes regarding the model’s result.
Perceiving inter-leg speed differences while walking on a split-belt treadmill
Authors: Müller Carl , Kopiske Karl 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWalking is one of the most common forms of self-motion in humans. Most humans can walk effortlessly over flat uniform terrain, but also a variety of more challenging surfaces, as they adjust their gait to the demands of the terrain. In this, they rely in part on the perception of their own gait and of when it needs to be adjusted. Here, we investigated how well N = 48 participants detected speed differences between two belts of a split-belt treadmill. As participants walked at a constant speed, we either accelerated or decelerated one of the belts at quasi-random intervals and asked participants to judge their relative speeds in a two-alternative forced-choice task. Using an adaptive psychophysical procedure, we obtained precise perception-threshold estimates for inter-leg speed differences after accelerating or decelerating one belt. We found that most participants could detect even very small speed differences, with mean threshold estimates of just over 7% for both perturbation types. These were relatively stable within, but highly variable across participants. Increased-speed and decreased-speed thresholds were highly correlated, indicating that despite different biomechanics, the detection mechanisms might be similar. This sheds light on how perceiving their own motion helps humans manage interlimb coordination in perturbed walking.
Multi‐level optimisation design of a yoke‐less axial‐field flux‐switching permanent magnet motor considering the fault‐tolerant capability
Authors: Rahmani‐Fard Javad , Mohammed Mohammed Jamal 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper proposes a multi‐level optimisation design strategy aimed at enhancing the fault‐tolerant capability of a Yoke‐less Axial‐Field Flux‐Switching Permanent Magnet (YASA‐AFFSPM) motor. The research addresses the crucial requirement for robustness and reliability in electric motor systems utilised in safety‐critical applications. By employing a comprehensive multi‐objective optimisation approach, the motor's design is refined at three levels based on the main effect stratification of design variables for the YASA‐AFFSPM motor. The design variables are divided into three levels and optimised, resulting in the attainment of a comprehensive optimal solution that considers multiple design goals, including average torque, cogging torque, and fault‐tolerant capability. The optimal design places a primary emphasis on attaining a substantial level of fault tolerance for both open‐ and short‐circuit faults. This is accomplished by reducing the ratio of mutual‐inductance to self‐inductance. To streamline optimisation, the Kriging model approximates finite element analysis at each level. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the design is showcased through the utilisation of a dual‐channel winding configuration. A prototype is constructed, and experimental validation demonstrates a significant improvement in fault‐tolerance performance, with results indicating enhancements of 14% in average torque and 41% in cogging torque.
Comparison of the effect of early versus late surgical strategies on
outcomes in patients with hand enchondromas complicated with pathological
fractures
Authors: Akgün Erkan , Çevik Hüseyin Bilgehan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages
of early versus delayed single-stage surgery in patients with hand enchondromas
who developed pathological fractures, focusing on local tumor control and hand
function, to determine the optimal timing for surgery. Delayed surgical
curettage may offer advantages regarding both local tumor control and hand
function outcomes.Thirty-five patients who developed pathological
fractures due to solitary hand enchondromas and underwent surgical treatment
between 2015 and 2021 were analysed. Patients were divided into two groups based
on the timing of surgery. Patients who underwent surgical treatment immediately
after a pathological fracture were assigned to the early-surgery group, and
those who underwent surgical treatment after waiting for fracture union were
assigned to the late-surgery group. Demographic data, lesion characteristics,
and fixation methods were analysed. Parameters affecting outcome measurements
were analysed, including visual pain scale, fracture healing time, recurrence,
ROM, time to return to daily activities, and secondary surgical procedures.The study included 35 patients, of whom 24 were female, with a
median age of 33 years. Fifteen patients were included in the early-surgery
group and 20 in the late-surgery group, with a follow-up period of 36.3 and 38.9
months, respectively. The duration of surgery, time to fracture union, and total
physical therapy duration during treatment were lower in the late-surgery group
(p<0.05). At the final follow-up, the mean loss of ROM was 17.6˚ in the
early-surgery group and 3.3˚ in the late-surgery group (p=0.00). The rate of
secondary surgery was higher in the early-surgery group (p=0.040).In patients with hand enchondromas presenting with
pathological fractures, early surgery resulted in higher complication rates,
poorer functional outcomes, and an increased need for secondary surgeries.
Comparison of Long-Term Performance of Porcine versus Pericardial Bioprostheses
Authors: Anselmi Amedeo , Daniel Morgan , Aymami Marie , Chabanne Celine , Rosier Sebastien , Mancini Julien , Verhoye Jean Philippe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background The long-term comparative results between porcine and pericardial bioprostheses for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are debated. Scarce information exists concerning direct comparative evaluation among contemporary devices. We compared late and very late results in a single center series (n = 3,983 cases).
Methods From a prospectively collected database we included 3,983 recipients of two current porcine bioprostheses (porcine group) or one current pericardial bioprosthesis (pericardial group). We evaluated the long-term freedom from structural valve deterioration (SVD) with both Kaplan–Meier and competing risk methods (primary endpoint). We distinguished between SVD and patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM). Secondary endpoints were late survival, freedom from valve-related mortality, freedom from reoperation for SVD, freedom from nonstructural valve dysfunction (NSVD) and freedom from endocarditis.
Results Median follow-up was 10.4 years (99.7% complete, 32,219 patients/years). Overall survival was significantly lower in the porcine group (p = 0.002), related to baseline intergroup differences. At 10 years, Kaplan–Meier freedom from SVD was significantly better in the porcine group (98.0% ± 0.3 vs. 96.3% ± 0.8; p = 0.003). Competing risk freedom from SVD at 10 years was 98.6% ± 0.2 and 97.2% ± 0.6 (porcine and pericardial group, respectively; p = 0.001). The porcine group displayed a higher rate of PPM.
Conclusion Despite the augmented risk of PPM compared with pericardial valves, in this series porcine bioprostheses seem to perform better concerning protection from late (>10 years) SVD. Smaller valve sizes (19–21 mm) may negatively impact the SVD risk among porcine valves but not among pericardial valves. These elements need to be considered for valve choice and surgical strategy in SAVR candidates according to their life expectancy, clinical context, and annulus size.
Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Cyclopentanes through Boron-Radical-Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reaction of Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Alkenes
Authors: Li Pengfei , Qin Lulu , Yu Tao , Ding Zhengwei , Zhao Min 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted cyclopentanes, a structural motif ubiquitous in bioactive compounds and natural products, via boron-radical-catalyzed (3+2) cycloaddition of aroylcyclopropanes and trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes was developed. Employing readily available precursors, this modular, atom-economical, metal-free, and operationally simple process was compatible with diverse functional groups, giving the products in generally good to high yields. Trifluoromethyl-substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) were analogously prepared.
Three-dimensional characterization of nanoporous membranes by capillary filling using high speed interferometry
Authors: Sallese M. , Budini N. , Psota P. , Urteaga R. 
Published: January 2025

A high-speed interferometric system was developed to analyze nanostructured porous silicon (PS) membranes by measuring reflectance variations during capillary filling from both sides. A high-speed camera was employed to capture the reflectance evolution of the entire sample area with the necessary temporal resolution, providing quantitative information on filling dynamics. By integrating these data with a simple fluid dynamic model, it is possible to examine the internal structure of the membranes and determine the effective pore radii profiles along their thickness. The system is capable of accurately measuring radii within the range of 10–20 nm, with a spatial resolution of ∼20 μm and an in-depth resolution of ≈1μm. This three-dimensional characterization provides valuable insights into the complex morphology of PS membranes and can be applied to other nanostructured porous materials.
On-machine separation and compensation of target mirror’s surface shape errors in multidimensional interferometric measurement system
Authors: Zhang Zuyang , Huang Qiangxian , Lu Jun , Li Hongli , Cheng Rongjun , Zhang Liansheng 
Published: January 2025

In multi-dimensional nanopositioning and nanomeasuring devices, interference measurement is widely used. The three-dimensional (3D) target mirror serves as the spatial reference plane to achieve multidimensional interference measurements. However, the surface shape errors of the target mirror are superimposed on the geometric dimensions of the measured workpiece, which limits the system’s overall measurement accuracy. This paper proposes a method for on-machine separation and compensation of the target mirror’s surface shape errors based on the micro–nano-coordinate measuring machine (MNCMM) that employs interference measurement. This method provides the model for the separation and compensation of the surface shape errors. The MNCMM employs a home-made resonant probe and a reference flat crystal to achieve the separation experiment. Subsequently, an interpolation algorithm is used to compensate for the surface shape errors at any point in space according to the compensation model. By comparing the flatness measurement results of a standard flat crystal with a flatness of 50 nm before and after compensation, the flatness is reduced from 175 to 77 nm. It demonstrates the reliability of the method. This method can be widely applied to on-machine compensation for surface shape errors in multidimensional interference measurement systems.
Thermodynamics of nucleosome breathing and positioning
Authors: Hungyo Kharerin , Audit Benjamin , Vaillant Cédric , Morozov Alexandre V. 
Published: January 2025

Nucleosomes are fundamental units of chromatin in which a length of genomic DNA is wrapped around a histone octamer spool in a left-handed superhelix. Large-scale nucleosome maps show a wide distribution of DNA wrapping lengths, which in some cases are tens of base pairs (bp) shorter than the 147 bp canonical wrapping length observed in nucleosome crystal structures. Here, we develop a thermodynamic model that assumes a constant free energy cost of unwrapping a nucleosomal bp. Our model also incorporates linker DNA—short DNA segments between neighboring nucleosomes imposed by the folding of nucleosome arrays into chromatin fibers and other higher-order chromatin structures. We use this model to study nucleosome positioning and occupancy in the presence of nucleosome “breathing”—partial unwrapping and rewrapping of nucleosomal DNA due to interactions with the neighboring particles. We find that, as the unwrapping cost per bp and the chemical potential are varied, the nucleosome arrays are characterized by three distinct states, with low, intermediate, and high densities. The transition between the latter two states proceeds through an equiprobable state in which all nucleosome wrapping lengths are equally likely. We study the equiprobable state theoretically using a mean-field approach, obtaining an excellent agreement with numerical simulations. Finally, we use our model to reproduce S. cerevisiae nucleosome occupancy profiles observed in the vicinity of transcription start sites, as well as genome-wide distributions of nucleosome wrapping lengths. Overall, our results highlight the key role of partial nucleosome unwrapping in shaping the genome-wide patterns of nucleosome positioning and occupancy.