bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A macro‐element with bidirectional interaction for seismic analysis of unreinforced masonry walls
Authors: Kesavan Prabakaran , Menon Arun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrior to implementing retrofitting measures for seismic action, it is necessary to evaluate the global capacity of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. Even with simplified assumptions, equivalent frame (EF) modeling adequately captures global responses and failure mechanisms in existing buildings, making it a popular modeling strategy among structural engineers. However, macro‐elements employed in the EF modeling of URM walls consider in‐plane (IP) and out‐of‐plane (OP) behaviors separately by decoupling their interaction and require independent verification for OP failure involving limit analysis. Such decoupling of interaction is justifiable if proper wall‐wall/wall‐floor connections and rigid‐diaphragm action of slabs are ensured; however, OP failure is likely a result of inadequate connections. Multiple components of ground motion excitation and plan eccentricity in buildings can activate bidirectional interaction in such circumstances. Due to OP damage, the interaction reduces the full IP strength of a URM wall, resulting in overestimating its lateral capacity. This paper proposes a frame‐like 3D macro‐element incorporating the effect of OP action on the IP shear response of URM piers under static and monotonic lateral loads. Only two parameters modifying IP shear stiffness and capacity are required to account for the interaction. Analytical expressions for the interaction parameters are proposed from a detailed micro‐modeling study. The paper also demonstrates, within the EF modeling, the applicability of the proposed macro‐element for seismic analysis of regular URM shear walls with openings.
A direct prediction method for wind power ramp events considering the class imbalanced problem
Authors: Ren Guorui , Wan Jie , Wang Yanjia , Yao Kun , Fu Junfeng , Yu Jilai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPredicting wind power ramp events directly based on the historical ramp event time series has drawn increasing attention recently. But the class imbalance problem of the ramp event time series significantly affects the prediction accuracy of ramp events. In the present study, a layer oversampling (LOS) method is proposed considering the relation characteristics of wind power amplitudes and the occurrence frequency of wind power ramp events. Meanwhile, a hybrid sampling method of error bootstrap‐LOS (EB‐LOS) is proposed by combining LOS with the EB oversampling method. After balancing the samples of the ramp and nonramp events by using different sampling methods, the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and the long short‐term memory (LSTM) methods are employed to directly predict ramp events based on historical data collected from eight wind farms. Comparison results proved that the proposed EB‐LOS method achieves the best prediction performance with an average recall of 0.8196 when using the BPNN model to directly predict ramp events. The best prediction performance of the EB‐LOS method is also proved by using the LSTM model to directly predict ramp events.
Study on surrounding rock failure mechanism and rational coal pillar width of the gob‐side coal roadway under influence of intense dynamic pressure
Authors: Wang Deqiu , He Fulian , Wu Yanhao , Xu Xuhui , Zhang Jianlong , Lv Kai , Li Liang , Zhai Wenli , Song Jiayu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA reasonable width of the coal pillar is very important to the surrounding rock control of the gob‐side roadway. An unreasonable width of the coal pillar will make the roadway to be located within the range of strong mining influence, leading to severe deformation of the roadway. Severe subsidence at the coal pillar side of the roof and serious coal pillar deformation are problems caused by strong dynamic pressure due to mining in the gob‐side coal roadway. This paper studies the surrounding rock instability mechanism and rational coal pillar width of the gob‐side coal roadway under the influence of intense dynamic pressure. The results show that: (1) Under the condition of large mining height, the roadway overburden is a hinged structure, and an unreasonable coal pillar width makes the gob‐side coal roadway to be located below the main roof fracture line. The rotary movement of the key block of the main roof is the main reason for the roadway deformation. (2) According to the evolution law of stress field, displacement field and plastic zone of surrounding rock of roadway under different coal pillar widths during roadway driving and mining were studied, and it is concluded that a 6‐m‐width coal pillar is the most reasonable. (3) Based on the stress distribution and plasticizing range of surrounding rock in a narrow pillar roadway, the combined support scheme of “anchor cable + grouting + single prop” is proposed and applied to engineering practice. The practice results show that the roadway deformation is well controlled, and the safe mining of the working face is realized.
Cooling characteristics of a lithium‐ion battery module based on flat aluminum heat pipe by considering thermal radiation
Authors: Liu Feifei , Bao Rongqing , Cheng Xianfu , Qin Wu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAiming at the thermal safety and inconsistency caused by the high temperature of lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) battery, a cooling structure embedded with a flat aluminum heat pipe (FAHP) for a Li‐ion battery module is proposed. The three‐dimensional thermal model of the FAHP module is established by considering regionalized thermal radiation. The thermal characteristics of the module are compared with four progressive cooling schemes, and the temperature performance affected by different convection (hconv) and radiation (hrad) heat transfer coefficients are analyzed. Results show that, the thermal model with the thermal radiation is more precise than that without the thermal radiation under the natural convection. Adding FAHPs can effectively reduce the maximum temperature (Tmax) and the maximum temperature difference (ΔTmax,pack) of the FAHP module. Especially adding FAHPs with fins, even at 3C discharging, the average cooling performance can be improved by 33.3%, 25.0%, and 14.4% than that of natural convection, aluminum plates sandwiched between cells and FAHPs with no fins, respectively. Meanwhile, the decrease in rates of Tmax and ΔTmax,pack are gradually increasing with the increasing of hrad, but decreased with the increasing of hconv. When 5 W·m−2·K−1 ≤ hconv ≤ 35 W·m−2·K−1, the average ratio of radiation heat dissipation to total heat dissipation (η) is 35.7%, but when hconv > 55 W·m−2·K−1, η is less than 1.5%.
Cloud‐assisted authentication scheme supporting dynamic pseudo‐identity for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Wu Fan , Li Xiong 
Published: February 2023

SummaryWithout the involvements of human beings, cyber physical systems (CPSs) run based on many devices distributed everywhere around the smart city. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) occupy a critical part in modern transportation systems under the condition of 5G wireless communication. To help people make decisions, AVs collect and produce instant information on the roads. When messages are trasferred from AVs, real‐time and dependable authentications are required. Recently, a host of signature or key agreement authentication schemes have been proposed by researchers. However, weaknesses appear, such as instant data sent from autonomous vehicles are in plaintext, and attackers can track the identity of the autonomous vehicle even if pseudo‐identity mechanism is employed. In this paper, we introduce a new authentication scheme for AVs in transportation systems. Formal proof with random oracles demonstrates that it is difficult for the adversary to forge the four messages in the public communication environment. Moreover, security properties including vehicle anonymity, traceability and mutual authentication meet the requirements in our discussion. At last, the performation test with miracl library and simulation with NS3 show that the proposed scheme is practical due to completeness of more security targets than others.
Equitable evaluation in remote and sensitive spaces
Authors: Guidrey Megan , Bango Emily , Ayoob Amelia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDemocracy, human rights, and governance (DRG) programs work in environments where there are actors that actively undermine program goals, environments with conflict or war, situations where program management is physically distant from program implementation, contexts where target communities live with little or no internet or mobile phone connectivity, and where stakeholders are subject to intimidation and violence. As a result, DRG program monitoring and evaluation activities must apply principles from the Equitable Evaluation Framework™, to meaningfully engage program staff and participants to mitigate risks and innovate approaches for collecting and analyzing data, and communicating results that carefully consider digital, physical, and psychosocial safety and measure sustainable, culturally relevant changes at the individual and community level.
Humanizing human rights evaluation: Integrating human rights principles to maintain methodological rigor, axiological commitments, and epistemic justice
Authors: Dazzo Giovanni P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhat evaluation criteria are appropriate to assess the relevance and efficacy of rights‐based initiatives? In this chapter, the author argues that evaluations of rights‐based programs must themselves espouse human rights principles, and methodological decisions must be assessed against these principles. The design and implementation of the evaluation must thereby promote the dignity, liberty, and equality for and of participants. Against these criteria, top‐down evaluation approaches are often inappropriate or insufficient for the evaluation of rights‐based programs. The chapter discusses how many evaluations use top‐down mechanisms, and then—through critical self‐reflection in case studies—assesses how three evaluations either did or could have benefited from infusing rights‐based principles within design and implementation.
Matching program complexity with institutional funding realities in democracy, human rights, and governance program evaluation
Authors: Usatin Rebekah , Fauriol Georges 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the evaluative perspective of a funder – the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) – that advances a portfolio of highly diverse and multifaceted democracy, human rights, and governance (DRG) projects. The chapter explores the underlying political character of democracy assistance work – which is therefore viewed by some as partisan – and second, the variable dynamic forces intrinsic to complex operating contexts, both of which affect how the NED is able to both standardize and provide flexibility in grantee evaluation. This analysis draws attention to the challenges and opportunities inherent to grantmakers operating on a global scale as well as structuring adaptable evaluation methodologies commensurate with that scale of work yet relevant to grantees.
Elastomeric platform with surface wrinkling patterns to control cardiac cell alignment
Authors: House Andrew , Cornick Jason , Butt Quratulain , Guvendiren Murat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is a growing interest in creating 2D cardiac tissue models that display native extracellular matrix (ECM) cues of the heart tissue. Cellular alignment alone is known to be a crucial cue for cardiac tissue development by regulating cell–cell and cell‐ECM interactions. In this study, we report a simple and robust approach to create lamellar surface wrinkling patterns enabling spatial control of pattern dimensions with a wide range of pattern amplitude (A ≈ 2–55 μm) and wavelength (λ ≈ 35–100 μm). For human cardiomyocytes (hCMs) and human cardiac fibroblasts (hCFs), our results indicate that the degree of cellular alignment and pattern recognition are correlated with pattern A and λ. We also demonstrate fabrication of devices composed of micro‐well arrays with user‐defined lamellar patterns on the bottom surface of each well for high‐throughput screening studies. Results from a screening study indicate that cellular alignment is strongly diminished with increasing seeding density. In another study, we show our ability to vary hCM/hCF seeding ratio for each well to create co‐culture systems where seeding ratio is independent of cellular alignment.
Analysis of the reliability of rapid diagnostic tests for varicella, including breakthrough cases
Authors: Higashimoto Yuki , Hattori Fumihiko , Kawamura Yoshiki , Kozawa Kei , Hamano Aoi , Kato Mizuki , Kato Sayaka , Hosokawa Asuka , Enya Yasuko , Ihira Masaru , Yoshikawa Tetsushi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the era of universal varicella vaccination, diagnosis of varicella is challenging, especially for breakthrough cases. We sought to clarify the reliability of direct varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and DermaQuick® VZV using the immunochromatography technique as rapid diagnostic tests for varicella. In addition, the usefulness of saliva as a sample type for direct LAMP was investigated. Among the 46 enrolled patients with suspected VZV infection, 31 patients (67.3%) were positive for the nucleic acid test based on real‐time PCR from skin swab samples. Direct LAMP of skin swabs was positive in 29 (63.0%) of 46 patients. DermaQuick® VZV was positive in 25 (54.3%) of 46 patients. VZV DNA was detected in only 48.4% of oral swabs with the direct LAMP method. With real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the standard for diagnosing varicella, the sensitivity and specificity of DermaQuick® VZV were 80.7% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of direct LAMP from skin swabs were 93.6% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of real‐time PCR for DNA extracted from oral swabs were 74.2% and 93.3%, respectively. Thus, oral swab samples are not suitable for breakthrough varicella diagnosis. Although DermaQuick® VZV is considered the most convenient point‐of‐care test for varicella, its sensitivity and specificity were lower than those of direct VZV LAMP.
Three thermal treated methods improve physicochemical and functional properties of wheat bran‐germ and the bran‐germ containing products
Authors: Liu Yanxiang , Meng Ning , Sun Yong , Wang Liping , Liu Ming , Qiao Congcong , Tan Bin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo fully investigate the effect of different stabilization methods on WBG in the same environment, we studied the effect of microwaving, baking, and extrusion on the nutritional, physicochemical, and processability properties of WBG and whole wheat bran‐germ noodle (WBGN). Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the qualities of WBG and WBGN. Machine learning‐based research was conducted to predict the quality of WBGN based on the features of WBG.RESULTSThe results showed that three methods improved antioxidant ability, bound flavonoids, bound and total phenolics, and the processing properties in WBG (P < 0.05). Extruded‐WBG showed a lower polyphenol oxidase activity, lipase activity (35.02 ± 2.02 U and 20.29 ± 0.47 mg g−1) and particle size (54.08 ± 0.38 μm), and higher water hold capacity (2.60 ± 0.68%) and bound phenolic levels. The enhanced quantity of bound polyphenols had a major role in the increased antioxidant potential of WBGN. Extruded‐WBGN showed higher antioxidant ability for 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (171.28 ± 3.16 μmol Trolox eq kg−1). The extruded‐WBGN had high concentrations of WBG aroma compounds, and low contents of bitterness and raw bran‐germ flavor compounds. Next, the enzymatic activity, powder properties, color, and antioxidant capacity of WBG were further utilized to predict the polyphenolic, flavonoids, flavor compounds, and antioxidant capacities of WBGN, where the R2 value of the model exceeded 0.90. The best comprehensive quality modification method of the WBG and WBGN was extrusion, followed by baking and microwaving.CONCLUSIONThe present study shows that extrusion is a promising way to improve WBG into a nutritious and flavorful cereal food ingredient. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
X‐Ray Quantum Cutting Scintillator Based on CsPbClxBr3−x:Yb3+ Single Crystals
Authors: Zi Lu , Song Jian , Wang Nan , Wang Tianyuan , Li Wei , Zhu Hancheng , Xu Wen , Song Hongwei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetal‐halide perovskites, especially for 3D halide perovskite single crystals (SCs), are emerging as the promising scintillators. However, the strong self‐absorption and low light yield of these perovskites restrict their practical applications. Quantum cutting can convert a high energy photon into multiple low energy photons, endowing a large Stokes shift and high photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY). Here, this work reports a novel quantum cutting material, CsPbClxBr3−x:Yb3+ perovskite SCs, with the PLQY of 149% and a Stokes shift >550 nm, successfully conquering the issues of poor PLQY induced by the thermal quenching and the large self‐absorption in perovskite SCs. Benefiting from the extremely high PLQY and negligible self‐absorption effect, the first high‐performance quantum cutting scintillators based on CsPbClxBr3−x:Yb3+ perovskite SCs are developed, exhibiting high transmittance, large X‐ray absorption/conversion efficiency, outstanding light yield of ≈1.12 × 105 photons MeV−1, and a detection limit as low as 176.5 nGyair s−1. Finally, a single‐pixel X‐ray imaging is achieved by integrating CsPbCl3:Yb3+ SCs with silicon photomultiplier. This work sheds light on exploring highly competitive scintillators beyond the scope of traditional perovskites.
On Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Interface‐Induced Crystallization in Polymers
Authors: Dolynchuk Oleksandr , Thurn‐Albrecht Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCrystallization initiated at interfaces is a ubiquitous phenomenon, covering both simple liquids and polymer melts. Understanding the physical process underlying interface‐induced crystallization in polymers is of fundamental interest and is relevant for many applications, especially for films of functional semicrystalline polymers. Interface‐induced crystallization of liquids can proceed either by heterogeneous nucleation or by the less explored equilibrium phenomenon of prefreezing. This study reports recent progress in the theoretical and experimental investigation of the effect of substrate‐material interactions on the thermodynamic properties of prefreezing and on the kinetics of heterogeneous nucleation in model polymers on different flat substrates. Through a combination of various microscopy and scattering techniques, supported by theoretical analysis, a detailed picture of the two different phenomena of interface‐induced crystallization in polymers is achieved.
Genome sequencing identifies complex structural MLH1 variant in unsolved Lynch syndrome
Authors: Witt Dennis , Faust Ulrike , Strobl‐Wildemann Gertrud , Sturm Marc , Buchert Rebecca , Zuleger Theresia , Admard Jakob , Casadei Nicolas , Ossowski Stephan , Haack Tobias B. , Rieß Olaf , Schroeder Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundLynch syndrome is one of the most common cancer predisposition syndromes. It is caused by inherited changes in the mismatch repair pathway. With current diagnostic approaches, a causative genetic variant can be found in less than 50% of cases. A correct diagnosis is important for ensuring that an appropriate surveillance program is used and that additional high‐risk family members are identified.MethodsWe used clinical genome sequencing on DNA from blood and subsequent transcriptome sequencing for confirmation. Data were analyzed using the megSAP pipeline and classified according to basic criteria in diagnostic laboratories. Segregation analyses in family members were conducted via breakpoint PCR.ResultsWe present a family with the clinical diagnosis of Lynch syndrome in which standard diagnostic tests, such as panel or exome sequencing, were unable to detect the underlying genetic variant. Genome sequencing in the index patient confirmed the previous diagnostic results and identified an additional complex rearrangement with intronic breakpoints involving MLH1 and its neighboring gene LRRFIP2. The previously undetected structural variant was classified as medically relevant. Segregation analysis in the family identified additional at‐risk individuals which were offered intensified cancer screening.Discussion and ConclusionsThis case illustrates the advantages of clinical genome sequencing in detecting structural variants compared with current diagnostic approaches. Although structural variants are rare in Lynch syndrome families, they seem to be underreported, in part because of technical challenges. Clinical genome sequencing offers a comprehensive genetic characterization detecting a wide range of genetic variants.
Diet Supplementation of Luteolin before Fatty Liver Formation Improves Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Mice by Inhibiting Visceral Adipose Tissue Lipolysis
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Zhang Zhixin , Lin Yan , Chen Juan , Wang Fangbin , Wang Lu , Liu Jian , Zhang Xian 
Published: February 2023

ScopeSerotonin (5‐HT)‐induced visceral adipocyte lipolysis is essential for the development of obesity‐related complications. Diet supplementation of luteolin prevents high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice against obesity and associated fatty liver. However, independent of the body weight loss, whether dietary luteolin can substantially reduce hepatic steatosis remains unclear.Methods and resultsIn differentiated 3T3‐L1 cells, 5‐HT treatment promotes adipocyte lipolysis, while luteolin significantly inhibits 5‐HT‐induced lipolysis, Ca2+‐PKG cascade, and SIRT1/FoxO1/AMPKα signaling through binding to 5‐HT receptor HTR2B. Further, 5‐week‐old mice are fed with an HFD for 16 weeks. At the 6th, 8th, or 10th weeks of HFD feeding, some mice are switched to a luteolin‐containing HFD, respectively. In all HFD‐fed mice, body weight gain and body component are unaffected by dietary luteolin. However, diet supplementation of luteolin at the 6th or 8th, rather than at the 10th weeks, alleviates hepatic steatosis. Meanwhile, dietary luteolin reduces epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) lipolysis, and represses the level of lipolytic enzyme, the expression ofHtr2b, and the activation of PKG and SIRT1/FoxO1/AMPKα signaling in EAT.ConclusionsDiet supplementation of luteolin before the formation of fatty liver protects HFD‐fed mice against ectopic lipid deposition in liver by inhibiting visceral adipocyte lipolysis.