bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Panax notoginseng Saponins in the Treatment of Adults With Ischemic Stroke in China
Authors: Wu Longfei , Song Haiqing , Zhang Chi , Wang Anxin , Zhang Bowei , Xiong Chiyu , Zhuang Xianbo , Zang Yingzhuo , Li Chenghao , Fang Qi , Qu Chuanqiang , Wang Lihua , Zhang Mei , Li Hao , Wang Xiaoli , Li Yanan , Xia Lei , Yao Zhigang , Nie Zhi , Gao Ying , Ji Xunming 
Published: June 2023

ImportancePreclinical and clinical studies have suggested the neuroprotective effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (Xuesaitong soft capsules). However, robust evidence in patients with ischemic stroke is lacking.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of Xuesaitong soft capsules in patients with ischemic stroke.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at 67 tertiary health centers in China from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020. Included patients were aged 18 to 75 years with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score between 4 and 15.InterventionsEligible patients were randomly assigned within 14 days after symptom onset to receive either treatment with Xuesaitong soft capsules (120 mg orally twice daily) or placebo (120 mg orally twice daily) for 3 months.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was functional independence at 3 months, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2.ResultsAmong 3072 eligible patients with ischemic stroke who were randomized, 2966 (96.5%) were included in the modified intention-to-treat cohort (median [IQR] age, 62 [55-68] years; 1982 male [66.8%]). The number of patients who achieved functional independence at 3 months was 1328 (89.3%) in the Xuesaitong group and 1218 (82.4%) in the control group (odds ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.56-2.44; P &amp;lt; .001). In the safety cohort, serious adverse events occurred in 15 of 1488 patients (1.0%) in the Xuesaitong group and 16 of 1482 (1.1%) in the control group (P = .85).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, Xuesaitong soft capsules significantly increased the likelihood of functional independence at 3 months in patients with ischemic stroke, indicating that this may be a safe and effective alternative therapy to improve prognosis in this population.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1800016363
Parental Preferences for Mental Health Screening of Youths From a Multinational Survey
Authors: Kass Mirelle , Alexander Lindsay , Moskowitz Kathleen , James Najé , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , Leventhal Bennett , Merikangas Kathleen , Milham Michael Peter 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceScreening youths for mental disorders may assist in prevention, promote early identification, and be associated with reduced related lifetime impairment and distress.ObjectiveTo assess parents’ and caregivers’ comfort with and preferences for pediatric mental health screening and factors associated with these preferences.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study used an online survey available from July 11 to 14, 2021, through Prolific Academic. Analyses were conducted from November 2021 to November 2022. The survey was administered to English-speaking parents and caregivers in the US, UK, Canada, and 16 other countries who were aged 21 years or older and had at least 1 child aged 5 to 21 years living at home.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were parental preferences regarding content, implementation, and review of the findings of pediatric mental health screening. Parental comfort with screening topics was reported on a 6-point Likert scale with 6 indicating highest comfort. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with parental comfort levels.ResultsOf 1200 survey responses requested, data were collected from 1136 participants (94.7%). The final sample meeting the inclusion criteria comprised 972 parents and caregivers aged 21 to 65 years (mean [SD] age, 39.4 [6.9] years; 606 [62.3%] female). A total of 631 participants (64.9%) supported annual mental health screening for their child, and 872 (89.7%) preferred reviewing the screening results with professional staff (eg, physicians). Participants reported significantly decreased comfort with child self-report compared with parent-report screening assessments (b = −0.278; SE = 0.009;P &amp;lt; .001), although they were generally comfortable with both options. Despite slight variations based on country of residence, screening topic, and child’s age, participants were generally comfortable discussing all 21 screening topics on the survey. The greatest comfort was with sleep problems (mean [SE] score, 5.30 [0.03]); the least comfort was with firearms (mean [SE] score, 4.71 [0.05]), gender identity (mean [SE] score, 4.68 [0.05]), suicidality (mean [SE] score, 4.62 [0.05]), and substance use or abuse (mean [SE] score, 4.78 [0.05]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study of parents and caregivers, parent-reported and child self-reported mental health screening in primary care settings was supported by the majority of the sample, although comfort levels differed according to various factors (eg, screening topic). Participants preferred to discuss screening results with professional health care staff. In addition to parental need for expert guidance, the study findings highlight the growing awareness of child mental health needs and the importance of addressing mental health concerns early via regular mental health screenings.
Deep learning‐based body weight from scout images can be an alternative to actual body weight in CT radiation dose management
Authors: Ichikawa Shota , Itadani Hideki , Sugimori Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeAccurate body weight measurement is essential to promote computed tomography (CT) dose optimization; however, body weight cannot always be measured prior to CT examination, especially in the emergency setting. The aim of this study was to investigate whether deep learning‐based body weight from chest CT scout images can be an alternative to actual body weight in CT radiation dose management.MethodsChest CT scout images and diagnostic images acquired for medical checkups were collected from 3601 patients. A deep learning model was developed to predict body weight from scout images. The correlation between actual and predicted body weight was analyzed. To validate the use of predicted body weight in radiation dose management, the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and the dose–length product (DLP) were compared between the body weight subgroups based on actual and predicted body weight. Surrogate size‐specific dose estimates (SSDEs) acquired from actual and predicted body weight were compared to the reference standard.ResultsThe median actual and predicted body weight were 64.1 (interquartile range: 56.5–72.4) and 64.0 (56.3–72.2) kg, respectively. There was a strong correlation between actual and predicted body weight (ρ = 0.892, p < 0.001). The CTDIvol and DLP of the body weight subgroups were similar based on actual and predicted body weight (p < 0.001). Both surrogate SSDEs based on actual and predicted body weight were not significantly different from the reference standard (p = 0.447 and 0.410, respectively).ConclusionPredicted body weight can be an alternative to actual body weight in managing dose metrics and simplifying SSDE calculation. Our proposed method can be useful for CT radiation dose management in adult patients with unknown body weight.
Engineered Oxygen Factories Synergize with STING Agonist to Remodel Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Xiangkai , Yang Yangzi , Li Jiaxin , Xie Xinru , Hao Yongqiang , Zhu Yingchun , Zhang Zhiyuan , Fu Jingke , Ma Hailong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy is a revolutionary achievement in cancer treatment. However, inadequate immune cells infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME) always leads to treatment failure. Moreover, hypoxic TME hampers normal functions of immune cells. Here, it is found that hypoxia suppresses the STING signaling and immune cells activation in the work. Remodeling tumor immune microenvironment and relieving hypoxia are thus essential for enhancing immunotherapy efficiency. Herein, a spirulina platensis (SP)‐based magnetic biohybrid system is constructed as an oxygen factory and loaded with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist ADU‐S100 (ADU@Fe‐SP) for tumor immunotherapy. Magnet‐guided biohybrid SP can actively target tumor tissues and produce oxygen in situ through photosynthesis, which reverses the hypoxic TME and facilitates the function of immune cells. Besides, the targeted delivery of ADU‐S100 can activate the STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling and boost cytokines production in tumor and innate immune cells. The ADU@Fe‐SP system thus induces efficient immune cells infiltration in TME, which efficiently inhibits tumor progression and significantly enhances anti‐PD‐1 therapy efficiency in SCC VII‐bearing tumor xenograft. ADU@Fe‐SP exerts antitumor effect in a STING‐dependent manner by in vivo STING‐knockout mice model. The efficiency of this immunotherapy strategy is also demonstrated in patient‐derived xenograft model originating from oral cancer, showing great clinical potential.
Photo‐Stimuli Smart Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Azobenzene/β‐Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Controlling Plant Bacterial Diseases
Authors: Yang Jie , Ye Hao‐Jie , Xiang Hong‐Mei , Zhou Xiang , Wang Pei‐Yi , Liu Shuai‐Shuai , Yang Bin‐Xin , Yang Hong‐Bo , Liu Li‐Wei , Yang Song 
Published: June 2023

AbstractControllable and on‐demand delivery of supramolecular systems have received considerable attention in modern agricultural management, especially for managing intractable plant diseases. Here, an intelligent photoresponsive pesticide delivery system is reported based on β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and azobenzene, which overcomes the resistance of phytopathogens caused by the irrational use of conventional pesticides. Antibacterial bioassays illustrated that designed azobenzene derivative 3a possesses the most efficient bioactivity with EC50 values of 0.52–25.31 µg mL−1 toward three typical phytopathogens. Moreover, the assembly of the supramolecular binary complex 3a@β‐CD is successfully elucidated and displays exceptional inhibitory activity on biofilm formation. Of note, this supramolecular binary complex significantly improves the water solubility, foliar surface wettability, and shows marked light‐responsive properties. In vivo anti‐Xoo assays reveal that 3a@β‐CD has excellent control efficiency (protective activity: 51.22%, curative activity: 48.37%) against rice bacterial blight pathogens, and their control efficiency can be elevated to values of 55.84% (protective activity) and 52.05% (curative activity) by UV–vis exposure. In addition, the 3a@β‐CD are non‐toxic toward various non‐target organisms. This study therefore offers new insights into the potential of host‐guest complexes as a feasible pesticide discovery strategy characterized by a safe, biocompatible, light‐responsive release, and antibiofilm properties for overcoming intractable plant bacterial diseases.
Local Oxidation Induced Amorphization of 1.5‐nm‐Thick Pt–Ru Nanowires Enables Superactive and CO‐Tolerant Hydrogen Oxidation in Alkaline Media
Authors: Wang Shupeng , Fu Luhong , Huang Hongpu , Fu Miao , Cai Junlin , Lyu Zixi , Wang Qiuxiang , Kuang Qin , Xie Zhaoxiong , Xie Shuifen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional amorphous metallic nanomaterials provide great possibility for creating high‐performance electrocatalysts owing to their conspicuous reacting merits derived from the flexible coordination structures, but remain extremely challenging in synthesis. Herein, this work reports a facile synthesis of carbon‐loaded amorphous 1.5‐nm‐thick Pt–Ru nanowires (NWs) through a local oxidation induced amorphization process. During annealing premade crystalline Pt–Ru NWs/C in air, a local‐oxidation of the oxyphilic Ru generates abundant random Ru–O bonds and disturbs the order bimetallic lattices. The as‐prepared amorphous Pt53Ru47 (a‐Pt53Ru47) NWs/C exhibits an extremely high activity (13.7 A mg−1 at 25 mV overpotential) and an excellent CO‐tolerance for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) electrocatalysis, drastically outperforming the crystalline counterpart and commercial benchmarks. Mechanism studies indicate the Pt–Ru bimetallic effects as well as the rich disordered “Pt–Ru–O” and/or “Pt–O–Ru” atomic heterojunctions can weaken the *H binding energy and inversely strengthen the *OH adsorption, thus promoting the alkaline HOR kinetics. More uniquely, the small interatomic spaces derived from the disordered bond nets present a H2/*H‐selected permeability, which spatially obstruct the relatively larger CO molecules to poison the internal catalytic sites during HOR. The CO‐shielded internal catalytic sites and the enriched surface *OH jointly upgrade the CO‐tolerance of the a‐Pt53Ru47 NWs/C catalysts.
Single‐Ion‐Conducting Hydrogel Electrolytes Based on Slide‐Ring Pseudo‐Polyrotaxane for Ultralong‐Cycling Flexible Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xia Huan , Xu Gang , Cao Xin , Miao Chunyang , Zhang Hanning , Chen Pengyu , Zhou Yang , Zhang Wei , Sun ZhengMing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlexible zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with high capacity and long cycle stability are essential for wearable electronic devices. Hydrogel electrolytes have been developed to provide ion‐transfer channels while maintaining the integrity of ZIBs under mechanical strain. However, hydrogel matrices are typically swollen with aqueous salt solutions to increase ionic conductivity, which can hinder intimate contact with electrodes and reduce mechanical properties. To address this, a single‐Zn‐ion‐conducting hydrogel electrolyte (SIHE) is developed by integrating polyacrylamide network and pseudo‐polyrotaxane structure. The SIHE exhibits a high Zn2+ transference number of 0.923 and a high ionic conductivity of 22.4 mS cm−1 at room temperature. Symmetric batteries with SIHE demonstrate stable Zn plating/stripping performance for over 160 h, with a homogenous and smooth Zn deposition layer. Full cells with La‐V2O5 cathodes exhibit a high capacity of 439 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and excellent capacity retention of 90.2% after 3500 cycles at 5 A g−1. Moreover, the flexible ZIBs display stable electrochemical performance under harsh conditions, such as bending, cutting, puncturing, and soaking. This work provides a simple design strategy for single‐ion‐conducting hydrogel electrolytes, which could pave the way for long‐life aqueous batteries.
Integrated Construction of a Long‐Life Stretchable Zinc‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Gao Lu , Kong Zimeng , Ma Bochao , Han Mingyu , Wang Gengchao , Li Chunzhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe major challenge in achieving high‐performance stretchable zinc‐ion energy‐storage devices is the combination of stretchable dendrite‐free zinc negative electrodes and sufficient bonding between components (current collector, electrode, separator, and package). Herein, based on a series of physicochemically tunable self‐healing polyurethanes, an elastic current collector is prepared through a swelling‐induced wrinkling method, and then a stretchable zinc negative electrode prepared through in situ confined electroplating. The elastic current collector has a nano‐network structure with polyurethane encapsulation, and exhibits both geometric and intrinsic stretchability. The stretchable zinc negative electrode formed in situ has high electrochemical activity and exhibits an excellent cycle life under the protection of a Zn2+‐permeable coating. Furthermore, fully polyurethane‐based stretchable zinc‐ion capacitors are assembled through in situ electrospinning and hot‐pressing techniques. Due to the high stretchability of the components and the interfusion of the matrixes, the integrated device exhibits excellent deformability and desirable electrochemical stability. This work provides a systematic construction plan for stretchable zinc‐ion energy‐storage devices in three aspects: material synthesis, component preparation, and device assembly.
M2 Macrophage Hybrid Membrane‐Camouflaged Targeted Biomimetic Nanosomes to Reprogram Inflammatory Microenvironment for Enhanced Enzyme‐Thermo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Ran , Yang Jie , Wu Mingjun , Zhao Dezhang , Yuan Ziyi , Zeng Linggao , Hu Juan , Zhang Xinping , Wang Tingting , Xu Jingxin , Zhang Jingqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExcessive inflammatory reactions caused by uric acid deposition are the key factor leading to gout. However, clinical medications cannot simultaneously remove uric acid and eliminate inflammation. An M2 macrophage‐erythrocyte hybrid membrane‐camouflaged biomimetic nanosized liposome (USM[H]L) is engineered to deliver targeted self‐cascading bienzymes and immunomodulators to reprogram the inflammatory microenvironment in gouty rats. The cell‐membrane‐coating endow nanosomes with good immune escape and lysosomal escape to achieve long circulation time and intracellular retention times. After being uptaken by inflammatory cells, synergistic enzyme‐thermo‐immunotherapies are achieved: uricase and nanozyme degraded uric acid and hydrogen peroxide, respectively; bienzymes improved the catalytic abilities of each other; nanozyme produced photothermal effects; and methotrexate has immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects. The uric acid levels markedly decrease, and ankle swelling and claw curling are effectively alleviated. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and ROS decrease, while the anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels increase. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages are reprogrammed to the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype. Notably, the IgG and IgM levels in USM[H]L‐treated rats decrease substantially, while uricase‐treated rats show high immunogenicity. Proteomic analysis show that there are 898 downregulated and 725 upregulated differentially expressed proteins in USM[H]L‐treated rats. The protein‐protein interaction network indicates that the signaling pathways include the spliceosome, ribosome, purine metabolism, etc.
Efficient Tandem White OLED/LEC Hybrid Devices
Authors: Luo Dian , Hou Min‐Chih , Wang Kang‐Yu , Chang Chih‐Hao , Liu Shun‐Wei , Lu Chin‐Wei , Su Hai‐Ching 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) attract much research attention owing to their superior device characteristics in display and lighting applications. However, multi‐layered organic thin films deposited by thermal evaporation in a high‐vacuum chamber complicate the fabrication processes and increase the production costs. Alternatively, solution‐processable single‐layered light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) possess easy fabrication and good device performance due to in situ electrochemical doping. To take advantages of both types of devices, the study proposes an efficient tandem white OLED/LEC hybrid device by stacking a red OLED on top of a blue LEC with a sophisticatedly designed charge‐generating layer (CGL). The proposed tandem device exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.53%, which is almost the sum of the EQEs of the two stacked devices. When fabricated on the diffusive substrate to recycle the trapped light in the substrate, the EQE can be further enhanced to reach 37.88%. Besides connecting the two stacked devices, the CGL improves the carrier balance of the blue LEC due to enhanced electron injection. This study demonstrates that the white tandem OLED/LEC hybrid device has a simpler device structure than all‐vacuum‐processed tandem OLEDs but it still delivers high device efficiency, revealing its potential in lighting applications.
Affordable Smart Windows with Dual‐Functionality: Electrochromic Color Switching and Charge Storage
Authors: Mondal Indrajit , Ganesha Mukhesh K. , Singh Ashutosh K. , Kulkarni Giridhar U. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExcessive cost, insufficient optical modulation, and limited functionality are major drawbacks that presently exist in electrochromic smart windows (ECSWs) that are the backbone of zero‐energy buildings. Herein, a solution toward this niche is provided by optimizing various deposition conditions for WO3 sputtering on crackle lithographically fabricated, cost‐effective Al‐mesh overlayed with SnO2. Ultra‐high switching contrast of 90% is accomplished by a decisive choice of parameters i.e., deposition power (5 W cm−2), oxygen flowrate (46 sccm), pressure (2.7 × 10−2 mbar), and film thickness (530 nm) that are imperative for achieving enhanced oxygen deficiency and film porosity. The ECSW displays fast switching with response and recovery time of 11 and 5 s, respectively, which are nearly twice as fast as control ITO‐based device. Additionally, the film holds good cyclic stability with an excellent coloration efficiency of 47 cm2 C−1. As the state‐of‐the‐art, a large‐area smart window (10 × 10 cm2) operable at 2 V is devised engaging WO3 coated Al_SnO2 electrode. The dual‐functionality is demonstrated by employing four series‐connected (5 × 4 cm2, charging time ≈1.5 min) devices to operate a display for 70 min. A device with a quasi‐solid electrolyte is also fabricated, exhibiting improved cyclic stability beyond 2000 cycles.
Birefringent Glass‐Engraved Tilted Pillar Metasurfaces for High Power Laser Applications
Authors: Ray Nathan J. , Yoo Jae‐Hyuck , Nguyen Hoang T. , Johnson Michael A. , Feigenbaum Eyal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBirefringent materials—which are highly needed in high power laser systems—may be limited in usage due to the laser‐induced damage threshold of traditional birefringent materials. This work reports here on all‐glass metasurfaces, fabricated by angled etching through sacrificial metal nanoparticle (NP) etching masks, for generation of effective birefringence in the formed layer. As a result, a fused silica metasurface, monolithic to the underlying substrate, is demonstrated to exhibit a birefringence of 6.57° under 375 nm illumination. Full‐wave analysis shows a good agreement with the measurement and presents potential paths forward to increasing the effective metasurface birefringence. This is the first demonstration, to the best of knowledge, of an etching technique to obtain the resulting tilted pillar‐like nanofeatures. The anisotropy of the metasurface nanoelements along the two window in‐plane major axes presents different effective paths for the two polarizations and thus generates birefringence in a nonbirefringent material. Additionally, the imparted anisotropy lends itself to manipulation of physical properties of the surface as well, with metasurface feature orientation suppressing water flow along one principal axis and giving rise to water flow steering capabilities.
Memory and Synaptic Devices Based on Emerging 2D Ferroelectricity
Authors: Joo Yanggeun , Hwang Eunji , Hong Heemyoung , Cho Suyeon , Yang Heejun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMemory devices are an essential part of modern electronics. Efforts to move beyond the traditional “read” and “write” of digital information in volatile and non‐volatile memory devices are leading to the rapid growth of neuromorphic technology. There is a growing demand for memory devices with continuous memory states with various retention times and greater integration density with more energy‐efficient mechanisms. Two types of memory devices (i.e., non‐volatile digital memory and neuro‐synaptic devices) have been extensively investigated with emerging materials. Among numerous materials for such memory devices, in this review, the authors focus on 2D ferroelectric materials for promising memory and synaptic devices. Three types of memory devices based on 2D ferroelectric materials are classified and discussed here: 1) ferroelectric gating of semiconducting channels, 2) active ferroelectric channels, and 3) ferroelectric tunnel junction devices. It is known that atomically thin geometry competes with ferroelectricity, which can degrade the quality of the devices based on atomically thin ferroelectric materials. Various efforts to resolve the fundamental issue with emerging 2D ferroelectric materials and how they can be used as a critical element for memory and synaptic devices are surveyed.