bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEAN VERTICAL LENGTH OF LABIAL SURFACE DISPLAY OF WAX RIM WITH RESTING LIP AND DURING POSED SMILE IN EDENTULOUS PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT LENGTHS OF MAXILLARY LIP IN RELATION TO GENDER
Authors: Hira Riaz  , Nadia M Athar  , Asif ullah Khan  , Salva Zaki  , Hina Rehman  , Amira Qadeer  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine mean vertical length of labial surface display of wax rim with resting lip and during posed smile.
Materials and Methods:
Subjects fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were invited to take part in the study. The purpose, procedures, risk and benefits of the study were explained to them. The mentioned measurement for the vertical display of the labial surface of the occlusal rim was performed by predefined technique. All measurements were repeated 3 times and mean value deduced for entry in the data collection proforma. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17.
Results:
Out of total 221 participants, mean age was 60± 6.64 yers. with male to female ratio of 1:1.15. Females shows shorter lip lengths while males had long lip lengths. Subjects with shorter upper lips display more maxillary rim than subjects with longer upper lips both at smile and at rest.
Conclusion:
It was found that males shows high proportion of long and medium upper lip while female shows high proportion of short upper lip , this can be considered as a feminine feature, as well as this also explains why conspicuous maxillary central incisors are associated with the females. It was founded a high significant differences between males and females regarding upper lip length.
FREQUENCY OF ORAL DISEASES AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS IN DENTAL SECTION SPH QUETTA
Authors: Abdul Samad Gichki  , Khalil Ahmed  , Fahim Anwar  , Rozina Sattar  , Noman-ul -Haq  , Muhammad Saood  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
The objective of current study was to evaluate the frequency of Oral diseases among Dental Patients in the department of Oral Medicine Dental Section Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta, Pakistan.
Materials and Methods:
Study design was retrospective and data was collected from January 2015 to April 2016. A total of 3406 patients record were included in tis study.
Results:
51.3% reported patients were male and 48.7% were female. The age of the patients were ranged between 17-21 (n=1159, 34.9%) years, and second majority cases were having age ranged from 27 –36 (n=879, 25.8%) and third majority cases were having age ranged from 37-46 (n=717, 21.1%) years. Gingivitis 89% was noted more prevalent disease in this study followed by fluorosis 4.8% periodontitis 0.7% apthous ulcers 0.6% and others like tobacco staining, carious teeth, BDRs and pulpitis 4.8%. Majority of cases reported in month of March and April 2015, 7.6% and 9.2% respectively.
Conclusion:
The present study found Gingivitis, Fluorosis and Periodontitis are still the major Oral disease. The main reason behind this very high prevalence is lack of awareness in people regarding Oral health and lack of good Oral health facilities in Quetta Pakistan. Educating the people about preventive measures can reduce these diseases.
FREQUENCY OF TRISMUS AND DIPLOPIA IN PATIENTS WITH ZYGOMATIC COMPLEX FRACTURES
Authors: Anam Javed  , Muhammad Jamal  , Alaf Khan  , Tahir Ullah Khan  , Hanif Ullah  , Hassan Sardar  , Fahim Ullah  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the frequency of trismus and diplopia in patients with zygomatic complex fractures.
Materials and Methods:
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 82 patients using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients with ZMC fractures of age above 15 years of both genders were included. Patients with TMJ pathologies, history of previous surgery and having orbital pathologies were excluded. Trismus and diplopia were assessed clinically. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26. P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results:
Out of total 82 participants, mean age of the patients was 32.06±12.092 years. According to distribution of fracture sites, 36(43.9%) patients had Frontozygomatic (FZ) suture fracture, 45(54.9%) patients had zygomaticomaxillary suture fracture, 48(58.5%) patients had infraorbital rim fracture and 42(51.2%) patients had Zygomatic arch fracture. Trismus was present in 42(51.2%) patients and diplopia in 13(15.59%) patients. Association of trismus with various processes of ZMC, such as frontozyomatic process (p=0.275), zygomaticomaxillary process (p=0.825), infraorbital rim (p=0.122) was not statistically significant but on the other hand it was assocaited with zygomatic arch fracture (p=0.001). Association of diplopia with sight of fracture was not statistically significant except in infraorbital rim fracture (p=0.000) which was statistically highly significant.
Conclusion:
Frequency of trismus was high (51.2%), and that of diplopia was 15.9% in known cases of zygomatic complex fractures.
EFFECT OF CO-ADMINISTERED PREDNISOLONE AND DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM IN REDUCING POSTOPERATIVE TRISMUS AFTER IMPACTED LOWER THIRD MOLAR SURGERY.
Authors: Zahid Qayyum  , Zafar Ali khan  , Fahimuddin  , Prof Muhammad Saeed  , Muhammad Ishfaq  , Khadim Shah  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the effect of adding a combination of oral Diclofenac Potassium with an intramuscular dose of Prednisolone preoperatively to minimize postoperative trismus after the surgical removal of the lower third molar tooth.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 160 patients undergoing surgical removal of their impacted lower third molar tooth were randomized into 2experimental groups; Group A (50mg Diclofenac Potassium oral and 40mg Prednisolone administered intramuscularly one hour before surgery) and Group B (40mg of intramuscular Prednisolone administered one hour before surgery). In this randomized control trial,both groups were prescribed the combination of Paracetamol and codeine as analgesics postoperatively for 48 hours. The maximum inter incisal distance was measured immediately before and 48 hours after surgery.
Results:
Mean preoperative maximum inter incisial opening in Group A and Group B were 48.28±5.12 and 47.51±5.18 respectively. On postoperative second day the Mean maximum inter incisial opening in Group A was 34.49±3.73mm when compared to 27.71±5.48 in Group B. The mean postoperative trismus in Group A and Group B were 13.79±6.39mm and 19.95±7.07mm respectively. The mean difference in post operative trismus was 6.160mm which was statistically significant at a 99% confidence interval (p<0.01).
Conclusion:
Preemptive medication with a combination of Prednisolone-Diclofenac Potassium was more effective in reducing postoperative trismus compared to Prednisolone alone.
COMPARISON OF RADIOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF ODONTOGENIC PATHOLOGIES OF CHILDREN AND ADULT PATIENTS: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF HOSPITAL RECORD
Authors: Tariq Ahmad  , Saima Manzoor  , Maaz Khan  , Basheer Rehman  , Atta Ur Rehman  , Muslim Khan  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare radiographic pattern of odontogenic Pathologies of patients up to 18 years and above 18 years.
Materials and Methods:
This retrospective comparative study was conducted in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery Khyber College of dentistry Peshawar. All patients below 18years of age, operated in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery for benign odontogenic pathologies Ameloblastoma, Radicular cyst, Dentigerous cyst and keratocyst) from Janurary 2016 to December 2019 were included in the study.
Results:
Total 70 patients included in the study. Male female ratio was 1:1.05. Most common pathology in young age group was dentigerous cyst (71.4%) while in adult it was Ameloblastoma (51%). Cross tabulation of age group with nature of pathology, appearance on OPG, Cortical demarcation, root resoption and site of pathology was done. Unilocular apperance was showed by 60% of redicular cyst 88% dentigerous cyst and 50% Keratocyst in young patients 51% cases in children and 40% cases in adults showed not tooth relation. P value was non-significant for this relation.
Conclusion:
Young and old age patients differ in nature of odontogenic pathologies and some of its characteristics. It is therefore recommended to conduct similar study with large sample size so that a clear relation of all variable can be established.
COMMONEST CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS IN THYROID DISORDERS
Authors: Kalsoom Aslam  , Abdur-Rahim Khan  , Naseem Ullah  , Shahida Naz  , Sarah Riaz Khan  , Rabeeka  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the frequency of cutaneous manifestations in patients of thyroid disorders.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 140 diagnosed thyroid patients were included. Demographic characteristics like age, sex, address and phone numbers of all patients were recorded. Complete history was taken and general physicalexamination was performed.All information was recorded on a predesigned proforma.
Results:
Out of 140 patient’s majority were 31 to 60 yrs old. Seventy percent of the patients were male. Two third of the patients were having thyroid disease for more than two years. Majority of the patients (39%) had hyperhydrosis, followed by pruritus (29%), Xerosis (20%) and brittle hair (13%).
Conclusion:
Most frequent presentations were hyperhydrosis, pruritus and xerosis while brittle hair was present only in few patients.
TREATMENT OF LARGE IMPACTED UPPER URETERIC STONES WITH MINI-PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY (PCNL) BY ADAPTING MIDDLE CALYX APPROACH: A SINGLE CENTRE STUDY
Authors: Muhammad Izhar  , Riaz Ahmad Khan  , Muhammad Asad shamsher  , Irfan Ullah Khan  , Zahid Ullah khan  , Qaiser  Iqbal  , Israr ul Haq  , Bakhtawar Gul  , Aslam Khan  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To evaluate the role of mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy through the middle calyx approach for the treatment of impacted upper ureteric calculi.
Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 1st August 2019 and 31st July, 2020 in which 50 patients underwent mini-PCNL through middle calyx approach using 18-Fr access sheath for impacted upper ureteric stones. Patients of either gender with impacted upper ureteric stones ≥ 15 mm were included in the study. Patients with abnormal coagulopathy state, active urinary tract infection, pregnant ladies, and abnormal upper urinary tract anatomy were excluded from the study. Post-operatively patients were evaluated radiologically. After 2 months IVU of the patients was done followed by a renal scan.
Results:
Ninety-six percent(48) of patients have complete clearance through a single tract. However, the stone fragments remained in the pelvicalyceal system were the residual stones floated back into the system during the whorl pool mechanism. The mean age of the patient was 34.9±12.6 years. One patient had ureteral perforation. Supra twelfth puncture was done in forty-two while in 8 patients puncture below twelfth rib was carried out. Pneumothorax occurred in one patient due to a very highly located kidney. Two patients went into sepsis. No mortality was noted. The stone-clearance rate was established as 96%.
Conclusion:
The impacted upper ureteric calculi (≥ 15mm) can be managed with minimally invasive techniques such as mini-PCNL by adapting the middle calyx approach using an 18-Fr access sheath. Moreover, this approach is effective with a greater stone-free rate.
ORAL CANCER RESEARCH --- ALL ABOUT KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE AMONG INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Qurat-Ul-Ain  , Ahmad Usman Yusuf  , Sajjad Ahmad  , Zafran Faraz  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To evaluate knowledge attitude and awareness level of oral cancer disease among international students of University of Bedfordshire.
Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 overseas students having age group of 16-45 years from Bedfordshire University which have 5 ethnic group; Asian, African, White British, Black British, British Pakistani. Sample size of 100 participants with 95% confidence level and confidence interval of 9.05 was calculated. Data collection was through survey method and tool was used self administered questionnaire. To analyse collected data, Microsoft excel software was used, content analyses were performed. Frequency and percentages were calculated and presented in graphs and table form.
Results:
Awareness level of participants were high about cigarette smoking - 70% and information regarding poor oral hygiene - 60% as a risk factor of oral cancers. Meanwhile low awareness level regarding risk factors like alcohol consumption - 66% and smokeless tobacco - 65% has been founded. Subsequently students who had more awareness about sign & symptom of oral cancer were found which were ulcer/wound that fails to heal - 63%, bleeding - 56%, swelling- 63%. Low level of awareness was reported about sign symptom of disease like, difficulty with swallowing/chewing - 66% and information in regards to teeth loosening only 67% wee found among participant.
Conclusion:
Knowledge, attitude and practice of oral cancers among university students concluded not to be satisfactory. Therefore, strong awareness campaign of oral cancers to be implemented.
LIFESPAN OF NITI ROTARY FILES WITH 360°ROTATION AND RECIPROCATING MOTION
Authors: Muhammad Moazzam  , Ali Farooq  , Dilawar Sultan  , Rabia Ejaz  , Mubashir Rasheed  , Zuhair Arif  , Asma Siddiqi  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess the life of two different rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments in curved canals with complete protocol, by using 360°rotation motion and reciprocating motion.
Materials and Methods:
About one hundred and seventy extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were taken from which two hundred curved root canals were selected and randomly divided in 2 groups, for analyzing the number of uses of rotary files. One hundred curved canals were prepared with Hyflex EDM 25/~ (coltene) in 360°continuous motion and one hundred canals were prepared with Reciproc R25 (VDW) in reciprocating motion to full working length. One file was used to prepare root canals until fractured. Every file used was coated with 17% EDTA and copious irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl was done. t-test was used to analyze data.
Results:
A total of 7 Hyflex EDM 25/~ and 10 Reciproc R25 files were used to prepare 200 curved root canals, 100 with each file. The average life of one Hyflex EDM 25/~ file was 13±1.50 canals and of Reciproc R25 was 9±1.59 canals. Among Hyflex EDM one file prepared maximum number of 15 canals and among Reciproc maximum canals prepared by one file were 13. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Hyflex EDM25/~ and Reciproc R25 can safely prepare 13 and 9 canals respectively to full working length if complete protocol is followed.
ASSESSMENT OF ORAL HEALTH AMONG CHILDREN (10-15 YEARS) IN GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS OF KHESHGI PAYAN
Authors: Rubeena Gul  , Saima Aleem  , Salman Gohar  , Anum Ashfaq  , Madiha Riasat  , Ruhina Ali  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess the oral health status of 10-15-year-old children enrolled in government schools.
Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 11 months from March 2020 till Feb 2021 among children aged 10-15 years going to government schools in Kheshgi Payan District Nowshera KPK. Multi stage sampling technique was incorporated. Children of age 10 -15 years were included and those above or below this age group were excluded from study. Pre-Validated WHO oral health assessment tool was used for this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 24.
Results:
Data from 200 students 100 each from girls’ and boys’ schools was collected. Majority of students 21% (n=42) were of 12 years of age. The mean age was 12.58 ±1.64. A total of 59% children had sound dentition. Caries was present in (n=44) male and (n=29) female children. There was a significant association between the gender and the dentition of the children (p 0.005). Gingivitis and periodontitis were prevalent in 20% of the study participants.
Conclusion:
This study concludes significant association between gender and dentition of the children. Over all the oral hygiene of the children was found to be satisfactory.
INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE DEFICIT AFTER REMOVAL OF LOWER THIRD MOLARS-FREQUENCY AND FACTORS AFFECTING NERVE DAMAGE IN PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF 1487 EXTRACTIONS IN 1185 PATIENTS
Authors: Muhammad Israr  , Nigam Sattar  , Muhammad Irfan  , Muslim Khan  , Sadiq Rehman  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the Frequency of inferior alveolar nerve injury and to assess the relationship of the nerve deficit with contributory risk factors like causes of removal, patient’s age, and anesthetic modality.
Materials and Methods:
All the procedures were carried out in Maroof International Hospital from January 2016 to August 2020. About 1185 consecutive patients were included in the study who were treated over a period of 5 years. A total of 1487 surgical extractions were performed. Surgery was done either under local anesthesia (72.1%) or IV sedation with local anesthesia (27.9%). All the procedures were performed by the same single senior consultant with the same two nurses. Follow up was done at one, three, and six weeks and six months.
Results:
Eight cases (0.53%) had temporary inferior alveolar nerve deficit which settled within six weeks. No permanent neurological damage was observed. Cases with pericoronitis were significantly associated with postoperative temporary nerve damage (p<0.001). Age, gender, and anesthetic modality were not significantly related to nerve injury.
Conclusion:
Patients with preoperative pathology like pericoronitis have more chances of temporary nerve injury after removal. Preoperative counseling about possible nerve damage shall be done.
AWARENESS OF DENTAL CARIES AND DENTAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG PATIENTS VISTING A LOCAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Eisha Imran  , Quratulain Khan  , Mariam Khan  , Farah Mushtaq  , Iffat Raza Niazi  , Nabiya Shahroz  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To assess the awareness of dental caries and its association with dental health status among adult patients.
Materials and Methods:
A cross sectional study was conducted on 164 patients reporting to the diagnostic department of Rawal Dental Hospital, Islamabad from December 2018 to June 2019. Dental caries was scored as per WHO criteria.
Results:
The sample was equally divided for male and female. The age group of the participants ranged from 18 to 78 years, with the mean age being 38.05. Among 164 patients, 116 patients had lower jaw affected in combination with upper jaw while 103 patients among 164 patients had upper jaw affected together with the lower jaw.
Conclusion:
There was a high rate of dental caries among the younger age, secondary education and in miscellaneous group, which comprised; housewives, retired elderly and unemployed. This showed that there was lack of knowledge regarding oral health practices and maintenance. Early identification of dental caries with effective oral health promotion programs providing practical knowledge prevents the problem of caries.
FREQUENCY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF PULP STONES AMONG PATIENTS PRESENTING TO AYUB DENTAL TEACHING HOSPITAL ABBOTTABAD
Authors: Asim Qureshi  , Muhammad Zain  , Hussam  , Ifham Khan Jadoon  , Rizwan Qureshi  , Naveed  Aslam  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To determine the frequency of pulp stones with the aid of radiographs in the selected population.
Materials and Methods:A retrospective study on dental radiographs i.e. orthopantomogram (OPG) from patients who had been advised OPG from January 2018 to December 2019 was conducted by two consultants at Ayub Dental Section. Out of the total 600 radiographs available, only 145 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. Descriptive statistics were given for the patient’s age, gender, and tooth with pulp stones. Whiles associations were determined by chi-square test for gender and tooth type with pulp stones present. Where a significant value was considered p value ≤0.05.
Results:
Out of the total 145 cases selected, only 30.34% cases were identified as having pulp stones of which 43.18% were male and 56.81% were females. Pulp stones were significantly higher in the maxillary arch (36.36%) than the mandible (22.72%) and first molar than other molars. The most frequent individual tooth that presented with pulp stone was the maxillary first molar.
Conclusion:
Pulp stones were higher in the maxillary arch than the mandibular arch and in females than males. Cardiovascular patients had a higher number of pulp stones than other groups.
DERMATOGLYPHICS AND BLOOD GROUP IN MEDICAL STUDENTS OF KHYBER MEDICAL COLLEGE AND KHYBER COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, PESHAWAR.
Authors: Muhammad Junaid  , Asif Kamal  , Jamshed Khan  , Amna Haleem  , Falak Naz  , Shehla Khatoon  
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
To find an association between finger print pattern and blood group.
Materials and Methods:
Study was conducted on 400 healthy medical and dental students of Khyber Medical College and Khyber College of dentistry, Peshawar. The finger prints was categorized into arches, loops and whorls pattern. The statistical analysis was done by using frequency distribution and chi square test. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. SPSS version 22 was used for analysis.
Results:
Results of this study showed that loops had the highest percentage as 53.47% in the RH+ blood type and 5.07% in the RH- blood type. This was followed by the whorl fingerprint pattern as 29.57% in the RH+ blood type and 3.07% in the RH- blood type. The lowest percentage was found for the arch fingerprint pattern as 8.2% and 0.06% for RH+ and RH- blood types, respectively.
Conclusion:
On basis of the findings in this study, there is an association of fingerprint patterns of all the digits of both hands with the ABO blood group types and this information can be of great help in forensic department and crime investigations.
EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE DOSAGE ON TRISMUS AFTER SURGICAL REMOVAL OF MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR IMPACTION- A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Taran Kumar  , Ajmal Khan  , Suhail Shahzad  
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To compare incidence of trismus postoperatively in patients receiving preoperative 4mg versus 8mg intravenous dexamethasone after the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.
Materials and Methods:
Forty participants were randomly divided into two groups by lottery method. Group A received 4mg dexamethasone and group B received 8mg intravenously one hour before the procedure. Both genders with age range of 18-40 years, having mouth opening more than 35 mm and impacted mandibular third molars were included in the study. Cases having contra-indications to the use of steroids like diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, and tuberculosis were excluded. Mouth opening was measured in millimetres preoperatively and post-operatively after 2 days. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Independent t test and Chi-square test were used to compare mouth opening and trismus between the two groups respectively.
Results:
The mean age was 29.62±6.704 years. The males were 21(52.5%) and females were 19(47.5%). The mean post-operative mouth opening at day 2 was more in 8mg (35.95±2.704) than 4mg dexamethasone group(31.30±5.292) and results were statistically significant (P=.001). Similarly the comparison of trismus in 4mg versus 8 mg dexamethasone shows that trismus was less in 8mg (25%) than 4mg dexamethasone group (60%) and results were statistically significant (P=0.025).
Conclusion:
The administration of 8 mg dexamethasone was more effective than 4mg to reduce the degree of trismus.