bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Sensitive Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on an AlGaN/GaN HEMT with Graphene‐On‐p‐GaN Mesa Structure
Authors: Pandit Bhishma , Jang Hyeon‐Sik , Jeong Yunjo , An Sangmin , Chandramohan S. , Min Kyung Kyu , Won Sang Min , Choi Chel‐Jong , Cho Jaehee , Hong Seongin , Heo Keun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe advantageous role of 2D electron gas presence at the AlGaN/GaN interface attracts huge interest in the field of GaN‐based ultraviolet photodetector technology. However, the presence of high dark current deteriorates the photodetector performance by diminishing several figures of merit. In this work, enhanced figures of merit are demonstrated by employing interdigitated p‐GaN finger structure on the top of the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure. The commonly present high dark current in p‐GaN/AlGaN/GaN planar photodetector is largely reduced (from ≈µA to few pA) by etching the p‐GaN, excluding the electrode region. Furthermore, by using a graphene transparent electrode along with the p‐GaN interdigitated fingers on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure, ultraviolet photodetectors with superior sensitivity (3.55 × 106) and ultrahigh detectivity (1.91 × 1014 cm Hz1/2 W−1) are realized at 360 nm. A comparison of graphene/p‐GaN and Ni/Au/p‐GaN interdigitated fingers and planar p‐GaN (with interdigitated graphene contacts) all on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure allows to understand the dominant roles of electrode transparency and the heterojunction structure. The simple and high electron mobility transistor‐compatible fabrication process of UV detectors provides a unique application in the field of UV sensing technology.
Efficient Ligand Passivation Enables Ultrastable CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanocrystals in Fully Alcohol Environments
Authors: Gualdrón‐Reyes Andrés F. , Fernández‐Climent Roser , Masi Sofia , Mesa Camilo A. , Echeverría‐Arrondo Carlos , Aiello Federica , Balzano Federica , Uccello‐Barretta Gloria , Rodríguez‐Pereira Jhonatan , Giménez Sixto , Mora‐Seró Iván 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHalide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have demonstrated their wide potential to fabricate efficient optoelectronic devices and to prepare promising photocatalysts for solar‐driven photo(electro)chemical reactions. However, their use in most of the practical applications is limited due to the instability of PNCs in polar environments. Here, the preparation of non‐encapsulated CsPbX3 nanocrystals dispersed in fully alcohol environments, with outstanding stability through surface defect passivation strategy is reported. By using didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) during material post‐treatment, highly luminescent CsPbBr3 PNCs with remarkable stability in methanol/butanol medium up to 7 months with near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield are achieved. This approach is extrapolated to stabilize iodine‐based CsPbBr3‐xIx and CsPbI3 PNCs, showing an improvement of their photoluminescence features and stability in these high polar alcohols up to 6 h. DDAB mediates the defect suppression through ligand exchange and avoids the full permeation of alcohol to be in contact with the PNCs. In this context, DDAB induces ionization of alcohol molecules to strengthen the surface passivation. The findings open the door to the development of long‐term stable CsPbX3 PNCs with high optical performance to be used in polar environments.
A study of disparities in access to genetic care pre‐ and post‐pandemic
Authors: Macalino Ashlee Joan , Porter Randall S. , Smith Lindsay , Wang Hongyue , Levin Alex V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe aimed to explore the delivery of pediatric genetic care before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic and assess if disparities in care existed or emerged. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical record for patients 18 years old or younger seen in the Division of Pediatric Genetics between September 2019–March 2020 and April–October 2020. Outcomes included time between referral and new visit, recommendation and completion of genetic testing and/or follow‐up visit within 6 months, and telemedicine versus in‐person format. Outcomes were compared pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 emergence across ethnicity, race, age, health insurance, socioeconomic status (SES), and use of medical interpretation services. Three hundred thirteen total records were reviewed with comparable demographics between cohorts. Cohort 2 had shorter times between referral and new visit, greater telemedicine utilization, and a greater proportion of testing completed. Younger patients tended to have shorter times between referral and initial visit. In Cohort 1, those with Medicaid insurance or no coverage had longer referral‐initial visit times. In Cohort 2, there were differences in testing recommendation based on age. For all outcomes, no disparities were observed across ethnicity, race, SES, or use of medical interpretation services. This study characterizes the impact of the pandemic on pediatric genetics care delivery at our center and may have wider implications.
Atrial Fibrillation Detected before or after Stroke: Role of Anticoagulation
Authors: Lyrer Flurina , Zietz Annaelle , Seiffge David J. , Koga Masatoshi , Volbers Bastian , Wilson Duncan , Bonetti Bruno , Schaedelin Sabine , Gensicke Henrik , Yoshimura Sohei , Macha Kosmas , Ambler Gareth , Thilemann Sebastian , Dittrich Tolga , Inoue Manabu , Miwa Kaori , Wang Ruihao , Siedler Gabriela , Biburger Luise , Brown Martin M. , Jäger Rolf H. , Muir Keith , Traenka Christopher , Tanaka Kanta , Shiozawa Masayuki , Bonati Leo H. , Peters Nils , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Lyrer Philippe A. , Cappellari Manuel , Toyoda Kazunori , Kallmünzer Bernd , Schwab Stefan , Werring David J. , Engelter Stefan T. , De Marchis Gian Marco , Polymeris Alexandros A. ,   for the NOACISP‐LONGTERM, Erlangen Registry, CROMIS‐2, SAMURAI‐NVAF and Verona Registry collaborators
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) known before ischemic stroke (KAF) has been postulated to be an independent category with a recurrence risk higher than that of AF detected after stroke (AFDAS). However, it is unknown whether this risk difference is confounded by pre‐existing anticoagulation, which is most common in KAF and also indicates a high ischemic stroke recurrence risk.MethodsIndividual patient data analysis from 5 prospective cohorts of anticoagulated patients following AF‐associated ischemic stroke. We compared the primary (ischemic stroke recurrence) and secondary outcome (all‐cause death) among patients with AFDAS versus KAF and among anticoagulation‐naïve versus previously anticoagulated patients using multivariable Cox, Fine‐Gray models, and goodness‐of‐fit statistics to investigate the relative independent prognostic importance of AF‐category and pre‐existing anticoagulation.ResultsOf 4,357 patients, 1,889 (43%) had AFDAS and 2,468 (57%) had KAF, while 3,105 (71%) were anticoagulation‐naïve before stroke and 1,252 (29%) were previously anticoagulated. During 6,071 patient‐years of follow‐up, we observed 244 recurrent strokes and 661 deaths. Only pre‐existing anticoagulation (but not KAF) was independently associated with a higher hazard for stroke recurrence in both Cox and Fine‐Gray models. Models incorporating pre‐existing anticoagulation showed better fit than those with AF category; adding AF‐category did not result in better model fit. Neither pre‐existing anticoagulation nor KAF were independently associated with death.ConclusionOur findings challenge the notion that KAF and AFDAS are clinically relevant and distinct prognostic entities. Instead of attributing an independently high stroke recurrence risk to KAF, future research should focus on the causes of stroke despite anticoagulation to develop improved preventive treatments. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:43–54
Riverine distribution and abundance of Japanese eel in Shikoku, south‐western Japan: Varying importance of regional and local factors
Authors: Yamamoto Kanta , Uemura Yohsuke , Mimachi Sota , Inoue Mikio , Hata Hiroki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Regional and local habitat factors affecting the distribution and abundance of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) were systematically analysed in 123 reaches of 21 stream systems in south‐western Japan, with particular attention paid to human habitat modification, such as artificial barriers and concrete revetment.
The density of Japanese eel decreased upstream, and they were absent from the upper reaches of each stream system. The upper limits of their distribution were explained by the distance from the sea and the channel gradient, rather than barriers. However, the number of barriers had the highest explanatory capacity for the upstream decline in abundance of small eels (<40 cm in total length).
Analyses of the relative importance of regional and local habitat factors showed that the number of barriers (regional factor) was more important than local habitat factors in determining small eel abundance, whereas regional and local habitat factors (e.g. concrete revetment or cover habitat) were similarly important for large eel abundance.
These results suggest that: (i) barriers are not a major factor limiting the distribution (presence/absence) of the Japanese eel in the streams studied; (ii) barriers can substantially decrease the abundance of young eels; and (iii) as eels grow older and larger, local habitat factors, such as bank conditions and cover, become more important in determining their abundance.
The results for the relative importance of regional and local habitat factors suggest that in habitat restoration for the Japanese eel, priority should be given to mitigating barrier effects. The improvement of longitudinal connectivity to facilitate colonization by young eels is primarily needed for a more efficient use of the existing carrying capacity of streams. The improvement of local habitat conditions to increase the carrying capacity should be conducted in stream reaches free from barrier effects.
Denkmalgerechte Instandsetzung des Sonnensegels im Westfalenpark Dortmund
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Gauss Florian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDas Sonnensegel im Dortmunder Westfalenpark wurde 1969 als Demonstrationsobjekt für fortschrittlichen Holzbau von den Architekten Behnisch und Partner und einem Ingenieurteam von Julius Natterer (Konzept) und Ingenieurbüro Scholz aus München (Planung) geplant. Nach mehr als vier Jahrzehnten Standzeit beeinträchtigten die Schädigungen am ursprünglich als temporären Pavillon konzipierten denkmalgeschützten Objekt die Standsicherheit, sodass nur durch zusätzliche Verstärkungen noch eine Nutzung möglich war, bis es schließlich als einsturzgefährdet eingestuft und gesperrt wurde. Die denkmalgerechte Sanierung des Sonnensegels basiert auf der Nutzung von Systemreserven des Tragwerks und konnte so die Substanz weitgehend erhalten und für eine weitere dauerhafte Nutzung ertüchtigen.
METTL3 relieved the injury of SH‐SY5Y cells treated with lipopolysaccharide and exposed to sevoflurane through regulating the m6A levels of Sox2
Authors: Wang Yilong , Yang Zeyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication of the central nervous system in elderly patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) in the POCD progression.MethodsThe SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exposed to sevoflurane to establish a POCD cell model. The cell viability and proliferation were assessed with MTT and EdU assays. Besides, the cell apoptosis was determined with TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Additionally, the inflammatory factors were measured with ELISA. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA Methylation Quantification Kit was used to detect the m6A levels. The relative expressions of methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) and Sex‐determining region Y‐box‐2 (Sox2) was measured with RT‐qPCR and western blot assays. RNA methylation immunoprecipitation‐real‐time quantitative PCR was performed to detect the RNA that was m6A modified.ResultsAfter LPS treatment and sevoflurane exposure, the cell viability and proliferation were decreased and the cell apoptosis was elevated. The m6A and the METTL3 expression levels in the POCD cell model were declined. METTL3 overexpression promoted the cell growth and inhibited the cell apoptosis in the POCD cell model. Besides, the Sox2 levels were reduced in the POCD cell model. METTL3 silencing declined the m6A and mRNA levels of Sox2, while overexpression of METTL3 elevated it. The relationship between METTL3 and Sox2 was confirmed with double luciferase assay. Finally, Sox2 silencing neutralized the role of METTTL3 overexpression in the POCD cell model.ConclusionMETTL3 relieved the injury of the SH‐SY5Y cells induced by LPS treatment and sevoflurane exposure through regulating the m6A and mRNA levels of Sox2.
COVID‐19 impact, financial and ESG performance: Evidence from G20 countries
Authors: Al Amosh Hamzeh , Khatib Saleh F. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring the pandemic, all countries of the world were affected by a health pandemic was the largest in the twenty‐first century, which affected the performance of companies and put them in a difficult situation with the escalation of uncertainty. Our study evaluates the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on firms' financial performance and the moderating role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in this relationship. Based on a large international panel dataset that includes nine countries from G20 extracted from the Thomson Reuters EIKON database for the period from 2016 to 2021, a set of statistical analyses was applied, including descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, fixed effect regression, and robust regression using GMM model. The findings indicate that the pandemic negatively affected financial performance significantly, while the performance of ESG limits this effect. Thus, companies engaged in ESG activities are the least affected during the pandemic. Fulfilling stakeholders' demands enhances companies' performance during crises and corporate directors' resort to maintaining the performance of ESG as one of the effective strategies during the crisis to reduce the impact of COVID‐19 on financial performance. This study shows that compliance with ESG issues can mitigate negative financial impacts during crises and that while implementing ESG practices is costly, it satisfies stakeholders and generates financial gains for companies. Theoretically, we directed the theoretical lens to research through crisis and stakeholder theories to explain events.
Removal of chromatin by salt‐tolerant endonucleases for production of recombinant measles virus
Authors: Mayer Viktoria , Frank Anna‐Carina , Preinsperger Shirin , Csar Patrick , Steppert Petra , Jungbauer Alois , Pereira Aguilar Patricia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHost cell DNA is a critical impurity in downstream processing of enveloped viruses. Especially, DNA in the form of chromatin is often neglected. Endonuclease treatment is an almost mandatory step in manufacturing of viral vaccines. In order to find the optimal performer, four different endonucleases, two of them salt tolerant, were evaluated in downstream processing of recombinant measles virus. Endonuclease treatment was performed under optimal temperature conditions after clarification and before the purification by flow‐through chromatography with a core shell chromatography medium: Capto™ Core 700. Virus infectivity was measured by TCID50. DNA and histone presence in process and purified samples was determined using PicoGreen™ assay and Western blot analysis using an anti‐histone antibody, respectively. All tested endonucleases allowed the reduction of DNA content improving product purity. The salt‐tolerant endonucleases SAN and M‐SAN were more efficient in the removal of chromatin compared with the non‐salt‐tolerant endonucleases Benzonase® and DENARASE®. Removal of chromatin using M‐SAN was also possible without the addition of extra salt to the cell culture supernatant. The combination of the endonuclease treatment, using salt‐tolerant endonucleases with flow‐through chromatography, using core–shell particles, resulted in high purity and purification efficiency. This strategy has all features for a platform downstream process of recombinant measles virus and beyond.
Adsorption of Dyes from Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Agarwala Rishabh , Mulky Lavanya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBecause of their ubiquitous industrial usage, dyes are significant water pollutants. Adsorption is an effective method for eliminating colors from tainted water. In the twenty‐first century, industrialization is growing at a dizzying rate. During this stage, more noble colors and dyes are used. These hues contribute to a wide range of contaminants, including water, soil, and air pollution. The objective of this report is just to discuss the chemical and bio‐based adsorbents used to remove various types of industrial dyes. Several adsorption isotherm assumptions and mathematical formulations were investigated. The effect of a variety of factors on adsorption phenomena is addressed.
KRAS mutations and endometriosis burden of disease
Authors: Orr Natasha L , Albert Arianne , Liu Yang Doris , Lum Amy , Hong JooYoon , Ionescu Catalina L , Senz Janine , Nazeran Tayyebeh M , Lee Anna F , Noga Heather , Lawrenson Kate , Allaire Catherine , Williams Christina , Bedaiwy Mohamed A , Anglesio Michael S , Yong Paul J 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe clinical phenotype of somatic mutations in endometriosis is unknown. The objective was to determine whether somatic KRAS mutations were associated with greater disease burden in endometriosis (i.e. more severe subtypes and higher stage). This prospective longitudinal cohort study included 122 subjects undergoing endometriosis surgery at a tertiary referral center between 2013 and 2017, with 5–9 years of follow‐up. Somatic activating KRAS codon 12 mutations were detected in endometriosis lesions using droplet digital PCR. KRAS mutation status for each subject was coded as present (KRAS mutation in at least one endometriosis sample in a subject) or absent. Standardized clinical phenotyping for each subject was carried out via linkage to a prospective registry. Primary outcome was anatomic disease burden, based on distribution of subtypes (deep infiltrating endometriosis, ovarian endometrioma, and superficial peritoneal endometriosis) and surgical staging (Stages I–IV). Secondary outcomes were markers of surgical difficulty, demographics, pain scores, and risk of re‐operation. KRAS mutation presence was higher in subjects with deep infiltrating endometriosis or endometrioma lesions only (57.9%; 11/19) and subjects with mixed subtypes (60.6%; 40/66), compared with those with superficial endometriosis only (35.1%; 13/37) (p = 0.04). KRAS mutation was present in 27.6% (8/29) of Stage I cases, in comparison to 65.0% (13/20) of Stage II, 63.0% (17/27) of Stage III, and 58.1% (25/43) of Stage IV cases (p = 0.02). KRAS mutation was also associated with greater surgical difficulty (ureterolysis) (relative risk [RR] = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02–2.11) and non‐Caucasian ethnicity (RR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47–0.89). Pain severities did not differ based on KRAS mutation status, at either baseline or follow‐up. Re‐operation rates were low overall, occurring in 17.2% with KRAS mutation compared with 10.3% without (RR = 1.66, 95% CI: 0.66–4.21). In conclusion, KRAS mutations were associated with greater anatomic severity of endometriosis, resulting in increased surgical difficulty. Somatic cancer‐driver mutations may inform a future molecular classification of endometriosis.
Calibration of the Becton Dickinson FocalPoint GS slide profiler is essential for optimal performance: Avoiding the algorithm supersaturation cascade effect pitfall
Authors: Nuttall David S. , Anderson Wilma J. , Savage Amanda J. , Denton Karin , Martin Cara M. , O’Leary John J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe MAVARIC study supported the use of the FocalPoint GS (FPGS) imaging system “No Further Review” (NFR) technology for cervical screening and recommended further investigation. A validation study (Nuttall et al.) was performed by Cervical Screening Wales before implementing the NFR slide reporting technology within the cervical screening program in Wales, United Kingdom.METHODA total of 45,317 SurePath liquid‐based cytology cervical screening samples were submitted for FPGS scanning within four Welsh cytology laboratories between 2006 and 2011. The study, Computer Assisted Evaluation, Screening and Reporting, involved scanning the slides using the FPGS and comparing the results with manual screening performed under established Cervical Screening Wales protocols.RESULTSAn increased number of abnormal cases presented in the NFR reporting category, significantly greater than that previously encountered. This anomaly resulted in higher false‐negative rates with potentially life‐changing consequences for the screening participant. Subsequent investigation determined that this increase in cases created an algorithm cascade or “sump” effect, which resulted in an unprecedented increased number of samples categorized as NFR. This exceeded the calibration parameters set for the FPGS and was thought to be caused by an increase in the number of younger women attending for screening following the death of a young reality television celebrity from cervical cancer.CONCLUSIONAdequate and timely calibration of FPGS technology is vital for quality assurance of the results produced, particularly following events that may impact on cervical precancer incidence rates. Failure to do so can result in potentially catastrophic screening incidents that are avoidable.
A new computational approach, based on images trajectories, to identify the subjacent heterogeneity of sperm to the effects of ketanserin
Authors: Rodríguez‐Martínez Eder Alejandro , Rivas Cindy U. , Ayala María E. , Blanco‐Rodríguez Rodolfo , Juarez Nancy , Hernandez‐Vargas Esteban A. , Aragón Andrés 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe identification of kinematic subpopulations is of paramount importance to understanding the biological nature of the sperm heterogeneity. Nowadays, the data of motility parameters obtained by a computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system has been used as input to distinct algorithms to identify kinematic subpopulations. In contrast, the images of the trajectories were depicted only as examples of the patterns of motility in each subpopulation. Here, python code was written to reconstruct the images of trajectories, from their coordinates, then the images of trajectories were used as input to a machine learning clustering algorithm of classification, and the subpopulations were described statistically by the motility parameters. Finally, the images of trajectories in each subpopulation were displayed in a way we called Pollock plots. Semen samples of boar sperm were treated with distinct concentrations of ketanserin (an antagonist of the 5‐HT2 receptor of serotonin) and untreated samples were used as a control. The motility of sperm in each sample was analyzed at 0 and 30 min of incubation. Six subpopulations were found. The subpopulation 2 presented the highest values of velocities at 0 or 30 min. After 30 min of incubation, the ketanserin increased the values of the curvilinear velocity at high concentrations, whereas the linearity and the straight velocity decreased. Our computational model permits better identification of the kinematic subpopulations than the traditional approach and provides insights onto the heterogeneity of the response to ketanserin; thus, it could significantly impact the research on the relationship between sperm heterogeneity‐fertility.