bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scheduling radiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the corresponding time window can reduce radiation‐induced oral mucositis: A randomized, prospective study
Authors: Lv Jun , Liao Shibin , Li Bo , Pan Linjiang , Wang Rensheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo explore a new method to reduce radiation‐induced oral mucositis by scheduling radiotherapy for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the corresponding time window of the cycle of oral mucosal cells.MethodsEighty‐two NPC patients were randomly divided into a day group (n = 41) and a night group (n = 41). The radiotherapy was scheduled at noon (11:30–15:30) for the day group, while at night (19:00–23:00) for the night group. Oral mucositis and oral pain were recorded in both groups after each radiotherapy fraction. The short‐term efficacy of primary tumor regression, weight loss, and bone marrow suppression was recorded.ResultsThe incidence of Grade 2 oral mucositis was 87.8% (36/41) and 63.4% (26/41) in the night group and day group, respectively (p = 0.010). The incidence of Grade 3 oral mucositis was 65.9% (27/41) and 22.0% (9/41) in the night group and day group, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean number of radiotherapy for patients to develop Grade 2 oral mucositis was 15.67 ± 5.05 and 20.92 ± 6.21 in the night group and day group, respectively. The incidence of Grade 2 oral pain was 48.8% (20/41) and 22.0% (9/41) in the night group and day group, respectively (p = 0.011). There were no significant differences in tumor regression, weight loss, and bone marrow suppression between the two groups.ConclusionBy scheduling radiotherapy based on the corresponding time window of the cycle of oral mucosal cells, the severity of oral mucositis in NPC patients was reduced.
Electrodialysis with Irregular Membrane Spacers: Which is the Right Choice?
Authors: Al-Amshawee Sajjad Khudhur Abbas , Bin Mohd Yunus Mohd Yusri , Binti Ismail Nurul Ain , Hafiz Zaki Yasmeen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMembrane operations function well in turbulent conditions, requiring the use of a turbulence model. By increasing the velocity and generating eddies with membrane spacers, mass transport can be enhanced and permeability can be intensified while reducing concentration polarization. Spacers act as solid barriers for the bulk fluid and have been shown to facilitate mass transfer at channel thicknesses of 1 mm due to eddy promotion. Spacers are used in a variety of membrane processes including nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and membrane distillation. Membrane spacers can also be used for other applications such as membrane electrolysis, fuel cells, capacitive deionization, and electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. This work systematically reviews and compares irregular geometries of spacers, including Gyroid, tCLP, multilayered, crimped, and tortuous spacers. The review consistently concludes that the spacer geometrical properties are the primary determinants of the streamline effectiveness.
Chiral Purification of S‐Methyl‐2‐chloropropionate from Enantiomer Mixtures by Three‐Phase Crystallization
Authors: Shiau Lie-Ding , Hsu Ming-Hong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThree‐phase crystallization (TPC) was applied to purify S‐methyl‐2‐chloropropionate (S‐M2CP) from liquid enantiomer mixtures with various initial concentrations. TPC combines melt crystallization and vaporization to produce the desired crystalline solid along with the vapor from the liquid feed via a series of three‐phase transformations. The three‐phase states during TPC were calculated in terms of the thermodynamic properties of M2CP. Basically, the liquid mixture was gradually transformed to the S‐M2CP crystalline solid and vapor mixture at reduced temperature and pressure during TPC. A model was proposed based on the material and energy balances to determine the variations of the masses of the remained liquid mixture, of the produced S‐M2CP crystalline solid, and of the produced vapor mixture during the batch TPC operation. The results indicated that the experimental yield and purity for the final S‐M2CP product obtained during TPC were consistent with those predicted by the model.
Investigation of Multi‐Phase Structure and Optoelectronic Performance of Bi‐Doped (Cu−Zn) Oxide Composite Thin Films
Authors: Altinay Yasemin , Akkaya Abdullah , Aydin Rasit , Sahin Bünyamin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this research, thin film composite structures were used to prepare optoelectronic devices from bare and Bi‐substituted p‐CuO/n‐ZnO systems. The p‐CuO/n‐ZnO composite thin film structures were prepared by the SILAR technique, and the influences of two different Bi contents on the structure and main physical performances of the samples were investigated. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique showed that the composited thin film materials were multiphased in rutile hexagonal (wurtzite) phase (ZnO) and monoclinic tenorite phase (CuO) type crystal structure. The obtained surface morphological results presented that the structure exhibits an almost homogeneous, plate‐like surface distribution, and depending on the increase of Bi concentration, the plate‐like sheet area widens from ~2.5 μm to 10 μm and the layer boundaries decrease. FT‐IR and Raman spectroscopy were used to investigate the various vibration and Raman active phonon modes of Bi:p‐CuO/n‐ZnO nanostructured heterostructures. For a comprehensive analysis of the optical bandgap of the fabricated composite samples, the estimated values were obtained from the Tauc plot. Produced samples exhibited an Ohmic behavior and dc resistivity values of films can be determined via Ohm′s Law. The adjusted sheet resistance value of 11.51 MΩ/sq when the content of Bi 3.0 % in the growth bath.
Improved inference for a boundary parameter
Authors: Elkantassi Soumaya , Bellio Ruggero , Brazzale Alessandra R. , Davison Anthony C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe limiting distributions of statistics used to test hypotheses about parameters on the boundary of their domains may provide very poor approximations to the finite‐sample behaviour of these statistics, even for very large samples. We review theoretical work on this problem, describe hard and soft boundaries and iceberg estimators, and give examples highlighting how the limiting results greatly underestimate the probability that the parameter lies on its boundary even in very large samples. We propose and evaluate some simple remedies for this difficulty based on normal approximation for the profile score function, and then outline how higher order approximations yield excellent results in a range of hard and soft boundary examples. We use the approach to develop an accurate test for the need for a spline component in a linear mixed model.
TAZ upregulates MIR‐224 to inhibit oxidative stress response in multiple myeloma
Authors: Abegunde Samuel O. , Grieve Stacy , Reiman Tony 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOxidative stress within the bone marrow niche of multiple myeloma contributes to disease progression and drug resistance. Recent studies have associated the Hippo pathway with miRNA biogenesis and oxidative stress in solid tumors. Oxidative stress and miRNA pathway inter‐relates in several cancers. Our group recently showed that TAZ functions as a tumor suppressor in MM. However, the role of TAZ in oxidative stress in MM is unknown.AimsWe sought to examine the role of TAZ in myeloma cells' response to BM oxidative stress. We postulated that TAZ might be associated with an oxidative stress phenotype and distinct miRNA signature in MM.Methods and ResultsUsing human myeloma cell lines and clinical samples, we demonstrate that TAZ promotes myeloma cells' sensitivity to oxidative stress and anticancer‐induced cytotoxicity by inducing miR‐224 to repress the NRF2 antioxidant program in MM. We show that low expression of TAZ protein confers an oxidative stress‐resistant phenotype in MM. Furthermore, we provide evidence that overexpression of miR‐224 in myeloma cells expressing low amounts of TAZ protein inhibits cell growth and enhances sensitivity to anti‐myeloma therapeutics.ConclusionOur findings uncover a potential role for TAZ in oxidative stress response in MM via the miR‐224‐NRF2 molecular pathway. This provides the scientific ground to explore miR‐224 as a potential molecular target to modify TAZ expression and enhance myeloma sensitivity to treatment.
Immunofluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Galati Domenico F. , Asai David J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVisualizing fluorescence‐tagged molecules is a powerful strategy that can reveal the complex dynamics of the cell. One robust and broadly applicable method is immunofluorescence microscopy, in which a fluorescence‐labeled antibody binds the molecule of interest and then the location of the antibody is determined by fluorescence microscopy. The effective application of this technique includes several considerations, such as the nature of the antigen, specificity of the antibody, permeabilization and fixation of the specimen, and fluorescence imaging of the cell. Although each protocol will require fine‐tuning depending on the cell type, antibody, and antigen, there are steps common to nearly all applications. This article provides protocols for staining the cytoskeleton and organelles in two very different kinds of cells: flat, adherent fibroblasts and thick, free‐swimming Tetrahymena cells. Additional protocols enable visualization with widefield, laser scanning confocal, and eSRRF super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Immunofluorescence staining of adherent cells such as fibroblastsBasic Protocol 2: Immunofluorescence of suspension cells such as TetrahymenaBasic Protocol 3: Visualizing samples with a widefield fluorescence microscopeAlternate Protocol 1: Staining suspension cells adhered to poly‐l‐lysine‐coated coverslipsAlternate Protocol 2: Visualizing samples with a laser scanning confocal microscopeAlternate Protocol 3: Generating super‐resolution images with SRRF microscopy
A High‐Throughput Absolute Quantification of Protein‐Bound Tryptophan from Model and Crop Seeds
Authors: Ansaf Huda , Yobi Abou , Angelovici Ruthie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis protocol describes a high‐throughput absolute quantification protocol for the aromatic essential amino acid, tryptophan (Trp). This procedure consists of a milligram‐scale alkaline hydrolysis followed by an absolute quantification step using a multiple reaction monitoring tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) detection method. The approach facilitates the analysis of a few hundred samples per week by using a 96‐well plate extraction setup. Importantly, the method uses only ∼4 mg of tissue per sample and uses the common alkaline hydrolysis protocol, followed by water extraction that includes L‐Trp‐d5 as an internal standard to enable the quantification of the absolute level of the bound Trp with high precision, accuracy, and reproducibility. The protocol described herein has been optimized for seed samples for Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, and Zea mays but could be applied to other plant tissues. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Analysis of protein‐bound tryptophan from seeds
The characterization of toll‐like receptor repertoire in Pinna nobilis after mass mortality events suggests adaptive introgression
Authors: Coupé Stéphane , Giantsis Ioannis A. , Vázquez Luis Maite , Scarpa Fabio , Foulquié Mathieu , Prévot Jean‐Marc , Casu Marco , Lattos Athanasios , Michaelidis Basile , Sanna Daria , García‐March José Rafa , Tena‐Medialdea José , Vicente Nardo , Bunet Robert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe fan mussel Pinna nobilis is currently on the brink of extinction due to a multifactorial disease mainly caused to the highly pathogenic parasite Haplosporidium pinnae, meaning that the selection pressure outweighs the adaptive potential of the species. Hopefully, rare individuals have been observed somehow resistant to the parasite, stretching the need to identify the traits underlying this better fitness. Among the candidate to explore at first intention are fast‐evolving immune genes, of which toll‐like receptor (TLR). In this study, we examined the genetic diversity at 14 TLR loci across P. nobilis, Pinna rudis and P. nobilis × P. rudis hybrid genomes, collected at four physically distant regions, that were found to be either resistant or sensitive to the parasite H. pinnae. We report a high genetic diversity, mainly observed at cell surface TLRs compared with that of endosomal TLRs. However, the endosomal TLR‐7 exhibited unexpected level of diversity and haplotype phylogeny. The lack of population structure, associated with a high genetic diversity and elevated dN/dS ratio, was interpreted as balancing selection, though both directional and purifying selection were detected. Interestingly, roughly 40% of the P. nobilis identified as resistant to H. pinnae were introgressed with P. rudis TLR. Specifically, they all carried a TLR‐7 of P. rudis origin, whereas sensitive P. nobilis were not introgressed, at least at TLR loci. Small contributions of TLR‐6 and TLR‐4 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms to the clustering of resistant and susceptible individuals could be detected, but their specific role in resistance remains highly speculative. This study provides new information on the diversity of TLR genes within the P. nobilis species after MME and additional insights into adaptation to H. pinnae that should contribute to the conservation of this Mediterranean endemic species.
Conservation implications of elucidating the Korean wolf taxonomic ambiguity through whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Hernández‐Alonso Germán , Ramos‐Madrigal Jazmín , Sun Xin , Scharff‐Olsen Camilla Hjorth , Sinding Mikkel‐Holger S. , Martins Nuno F. , Ciucani Marta Maria , Mak Sarah S. T. , Lanigan Liam Thomas , Clausen Cecilie G. , Bhak Jong , Jeon Sungwon , Kim Changjae , Eo Kyung Yeon , Cho Seong‐Ho , Boldgiv Bazartseren , Gantulga Gankhuyag , Unudbayasgalan Zunduibaatar , Kosintsev Pavel A. , Stenøien Hans K. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Gopalakrishnan Shyam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe taxonomic status of the now likely extirpated Korean Peninsula wolf has been extensively debated, with some arguing it represents an independent wolf lineage, Canis coreanus. To investigate the Korean wolf's genetic affiliations and taxonomic status, we sequenced and analysed the genomes of a Korean wolf dated to the beginning of the 20th century, and a captive wolf originally from the Pyongyang Central Zoo. Our results indicated that the Korean wolf bears similar genetic ancestry to other regional East Asian populations, therefore suggesting it is not a distinct taxonomic lineage. We identified regional patterns of wolf population structure and admixture in East Asia with potential conservation consequences in the Korean Peninsula and on a regional scale. We find that the Korean wolf has similar genomic diversity and inbreeding to other East Asian wolves. Finally, we show that, in contrast to the historical sample, the captive wolf is genetically more similar to wolves from the Tibetan Plateau; hence, Korean wolf conservation programmes might not benefit from the inclusion of this specimen.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Synthesis of Bicalutamide by Regioselective Hydroxysulfonylation of Acrylamides
Authors: Zurro Mercedes , Torres‐Oya Sergio , Merino Estíbaliz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSynthesis of anticancer drug bicalutamide promoted by visible light in one step from the corresponding N‐arylacrylamide is described. This approach involves a one‐pot hydroxysulfonylation reaction through a photocatalytic redox process. The use of Na2Eosin Y as photocatalyst and blue light allows the access to a broad range of α‐hydroxysulfonylamides bearing a quaternary center in moderate to good yields with complete regioselectivity via radical process.
Long‐term and short‐term analysis of shoreline change and cliff retreat on Brazilian equatorial coast
Authors: Leisner Melvin Moura , de Paula Davis Pereira , Alves Deivid Cristhian Leal , da Guia Albuquerque Miguel , de Holanda Bastos Frederico , Vasconcelos Yan Gurgel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAssessing historical changes in the shoreline and retreat of cliffs is essential for understanding the evolution and behaviour of specific coastal systems. The present study focused on shoreline changes and cliff base retreat trends at different time scales (annual/decadal) along a 680‐m stretch of Pacheco Beach (Caucaia, Northeast Brazil), which are characterized by coastal erosion and mass movements that have posed risks to residents and visitors to this beach. Shoreline position data were obtained through images collected by satellites and field campaigns for precision mapping through unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. The spatiotemporal variations of the shoreline were acquired through an extension of the ArcGIS Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) and the linear regression rate (LRR) statistical method that reflects the variations that have occurred in the coastal segment. The long‐term results show constant erosion patterns in the study area, with a shoreline retreat of −31 m in the last 17 years at an average rate of −1.8 m/year. In the short term, the average rate of retreat between May 2021 and Jan 2022 was −2.9 m, indicating that 88.78% of the evaluated section was in a continuous process of erosion. Several factors and processes cause the short‐term rates to be more severe than historical rates, demonstrating the stochastic nature of the Pacheco Beach cliff system. This research provides essential data for understanding and predicting shoreline changes on different time scales, thereby contributing to the identification and zoning of unstable cliffs and allowing for the mapping of risk areas to direct coastal management strategies.
Hybrid power management and control of fuel cells‐battery energy storage system in hybrid electric vehicle under three different modes
Authors: Belkhier Youcef , Oubelaid Adel , Shaw Rabindra Nath 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn most situations, fuel cells (FCs) are insufficient to supply power demands in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), thus battery storage systems (BSSs) are used to make the system more efficient like as rapid starting, high power density, and enhanced dynamic set response. How the power sources are regulated and distributed determines the accomplishment efficiency of the driving forces in such a configuration. The most critical aspect should be how to guarantee torque stability of the traction motor which is in our case a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) while attaining quick reaction. This study discusses a hybrid battery‐FCs energy storage and management system for a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), as well as an integrated PMSM's passivity‐based control (PBC) technique to enable power integration and increase the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)'s operating speed. The present paper is separated into two sections. First, a power management control (PMC) technology is used to manage the FCs‐battery system to guarantee that the HEV gets continuous power from the hybrid energy resources, where a fuzzy logic controller is used as an artificial intelligence system for the FCs converter to maximize the power produced. The second is dedicated to the new proposed PBC control of the EV's PMSM to rectify non‐linearities, external disturbances, and parametric fluctuations. The standard proportional‐integral (PI) control and sliding mode control (SMC) are built for comparison with the proposed PBC dedicated to the PMSM in order to properly assess the efficacy of the proposed control strategy. The simulation results obtained using MATALB/Simulink show that the proposed PBC technique and hybrid battery‐ proton‐exchange membrane PEMFCs energy management enables high power integration and increase the EV's operational speed.
The combined anticancer of peanut skin procyanidins and resveratrol to CACO‐2 colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Wang Na , Gao Enguang , Cui Chenxu , Wang Fan , Ren Hongtao , Xu Chao , Ning Cancan , Zheng Yuru , Liu Qingqing , Yu Qiuying , Zhang Gaiping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Currently, chemotherapy is the primary way for colorectal cancer, but with severe side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to find safer and more effective adjuvant treatment methods. At present, natural active substances are promising alternatives, as numerous studies have demonstrated possible synergistic anticancer effects in plant‐active polyphenols. In the present study, the combined effect of procyanidins (PC) (from peanut skin) and resveratrol (RES) (from peanut buds) on the synergistic anticancer potential was investigated. CACO‐2 and HCT‐8 cells were served as colorectal cancer models, and HEPG‐2 and HUH‐7 cells were served as liver cancer models to observe the effects of PC and RES alone or in combination on the growth and proliferation of these four types of cancer cells. The results revealed that both PC and RES could inhibit the cells’ proliferation in a manner with concentration‐dependent, but they exerted synergistic anticancer effects only on CACO‐2 cells. PC and RES could synergistically inhibit CACO‐2 cell clone formation, inducing apoptosis of CACO‐2 cells and blocking their cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. Additionally, as observed by the results of Western blot assay, the combined effect of PC and RES also inhibited the phosphorylation of Thr308, Ser473, and ERK and promoted the phosphorylation of IKBα and NF‐κB in CACO‐2 cells. These findings collectively indicate that PC combined with RES might exert synergistic anticancer effects by regulating AKT, ERK, and NF‐κB signaling pathways.
A practical model‐based segmentation approach for improved activation detection in single‐subject functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Chen Wei‐Chen , Maitra Ranjan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) maps cerebral activation in response to stimuli but this activation is often difficult to detect, especially in low‐signal contexts and single‐subject studies. Accurate activation detection can be guided by the fact that very few voxels are, in reality, truly activated and that these voxels are spatially localized, but it is challenging to incorporate both these facts. We address these twin challenges to single‐subject and low‐signal fMRI by developing a computationally feasible and methodologically sound model‐based approach, implemented in the R packageMixfMRI, that bounds the a priori expected proportion of activated voxels while also incorporating spatial context. An added benefit of our methodology is the ability to distinguish voxels and regions having different intensities of activation. Our suggested approach is evaluated in realistic two‐ and three‐dimensional simulation experiments as well as on multiple real‐world datasets. Finally, the value of our suggested approach in low‐signal and single‐subject fMRI studies is illustrated on a sports imagination experiment that is often used to detect awareness and improve treatment in patients in persistent vegetative state (PVS). Our ability to reliably distinguish activation in this experiment potentially opens the door to the adoption of fMRI as a clinical tool for the improved treatment and therapy of PVS survivors and other patients.