bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey, Pathogenicity and Molecular Characterization of Root Pathogens Associated with Root Rot of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don in District Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Thakur Rajneesh , Tomar Manica , Sharma Ranjna 
Published: January 2023

Root rot disease is one of the most serious diseases that significantly reduces the plant's productivity, commonly known as collar rot, foot rot, or damping off. The main symptom of this condition is damping off. The newly emerging seedlings collapse and die in areas with severe infection, and the majority of seedlings may die before or after emergence. Due to Root rot disease in C. Deodara which is our state tree, the damage caused by it to the seedlings there was urgent need to identify and study the disease so as to develop proper management strategies. In Himachal Pradesh, a field survey was carried out to know the disease incidence of root rot pathogen in the Cedrus growing regions in district Solan. The survey included the Kanaghat, Solan, and Chail mountains. The Kandaghat range covered Kiari, Karol, and Bisha nurseries, the Solan range Shilli, Nauni nurseries, and the Chail range Chiunth, Chail, and Gaura nurseries were all covered. During the survey of root rot pathogen of Cedrus deodara, 10.90 to 62.15%incidence was recorded in district Solan nurseries. Maximum incidence of the root rot was recorded in Kandaghat range (37.35%) followed by Solan range (33.85%) and Chail range (30.93%), respectively. Amongst nurseries found that,Bisha nursery had maximum incidence (62.15%) followed by Nauni (48.46%) and Chiunth nurseries (44.65), respectively. Cultural and morphological characteristics of root rot pathogen were studied and identified as Rhizoctonia solani. ITS1/ITS4 markers were employed for the molecular identification of the pathogen that caused the root rot in Cedrus deodara, which was confirmed to be binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-E. For the root rot pathogen, isolation frequency was also observed in three solan ranges. Isolation frequency of Chail range comprising of two ranges showed the maximum of 37.71%followed by Kandaghat (34.42%) and Solan (19.37%), respectively. Numerous pathogens were isolated, however, three pathogen, binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-E, Fusarium oxysporum, and Phoma exigua were found to occur most frequently. Binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-E was the most often isolated of the three primary pathogens, occurring at a maximum frequency of 50.23%, followed by P. exigua (18.98%) and F. oxysporum (7.49%). Three different methods were used to test the pathogenicity of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG -E for their ability to produce root rot symptoms. The soil infestation inoculation method recorded the highest disease incidence (83.48%) followed by the root dip (34.53%) and stem application (23.76%), respectively.
Phytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana Mull. Arg., Centrosema pubescens Benth and Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn on Germination and Growth of Amaranthus cruentus L. and Corchorus olitorius L.
Authors: Ilori Olasupo John , Dada Tobi 
Published: January 2023

Allelopathy is a concept that is applied in weed management to minimize extensively the reliance on herbicide in agriculture. The allelopathic potential of Acalypha wilkesiana, Centrosema pubescens and Phyllanthus amarus on Amaranthus cruentus and Corchorus olitorius were investigated. Different concentrations of the leaf aqueous extracts of A. wilkesiana, C. pubescens and P. amarus were applied to determine their effect on A. cruentus and C. olitorius under laboratory conditions. The profiling of phytochemicals in the extracts showed that glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, saponins and steroid were present in the extracts. The seed germination, radicle length, plumule length of test crops were significantly decreased by leaf extracts compared with control treatments. The results revealed that the inhibitory effect was proportional to the concentrations of the extracts, higher concentrations had the stronger inhibitory effect. The result suggested that the inhibitory or stimulatory effect may be due to the presence of allelochemicals like glycosides, phenols, terpenoids and steroids etc. in the aqueous leaf extracts of A. wilkesiana, C. pubescens and P. amarus which may cause allelopathic effects under field conditions. Therefore, these plants should be controlled were they grow with cultivated crops.
Assessment of Factors Causing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Improving Uptake in Anambra State South-East Nigeria
Authors: Ohamaeme M. C. , Igboekwu C. , Chibuzor U. , Muoghalu E. , Ani M. , Oji N. , Adamu A. H. , Obidike A. B. 
Published: January 2023

Aim: This study assessed the factors causing vaccine hesitancy and ways to mitigate it. This bordered on knowledge gaps responsible for vaccine hesitancy and uptake, determined factors responsible for vaccines hesitancy, and evaluated the roles of communities, governments, and key stakeholders in promoting vaccine acceptance of the new COVID-19 vaccines.
Methodology: A cross-sectional analytic study was carried out. Using questionnaires on 840 respondents, which bordered on Socio-demographics, Knowledge gaps, factors responsible for COVID vaccine hesitancy, and roles of government and stake holders in mitigating vaccine hesitancy was employed. The 21 LGAs had 40 questionnaires each out of which 839 was retrieved. This was administered through 81 validators across the Local Government Areas.
The research took place across the 21 LGAs in Anambra State, South East Nigeria. The study lasted from April –September 2022.
Results: About 99.2% have heard about COVID via radio/television and social media being the most frequent (56.3%, 21.2%). Another 76.1% does not believe it is real while 71.9% thinks it could be prevented by vaccination. More than half (55.3%) have not taken the COVID vaccine due to fear (13.1%), side effects (15.1%), lack of believe in the disease (12.2%), misinformation & conspiracies (14.2%) among others. Further factors to hesitancy were vaccine seen as biological weapon to reduce population (27.2%), inadequate information (25.4%), no COVID in Nigeria (24.7%) and other issues. Majority (57.4%) thinks these could be resolved by awareness creation, health education (6.3%), with government/ stake holders’ commitment.
Conclusion: Knowledge The decision to delay vaccination or the refusal to vaccinate is indeed a major factor to accepting COVID vaccination. Furthermore, knowledge gaps, socio-behavioural factors, information’s gaps, and government commitment affected immunization and vaccine acceptance. Continuous advocacy, awareness creation and right information should be made available to the population to reduce and eliminate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
History of Incarceration and Its Association With Geriatric and Chronic Health Outcomes in Older Adulthood
Authors: Garcia-Grossman Ilana R. , Cenzer Irena , Steinman Michael A. , Williams Brie A. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceAlthough incarcerated older adults experience higher rates of chronic disease and geriatric syndromes, it is unknown whether community-dwelling older adults with a history of incarceration are also at risk for worse health outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between a history of incarceration and health outcomes, including chronic health conditions and geriatric syndromes, in older age.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study using population-based data from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study included US community-dwelling adults aged 50 years or older who completed the 2012 or 2014 survey waves assessing self-reported history of incarceration. Statistical analysis was completed from December 2021 to July 2022.ExposuresSelf-reported history of incarceration.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGeriatric health outcomes included cognitive impairment, mobility impairment, vision impairment, hearing impairment, urinary incontinence, and impairment of activities of daily living (ADLs). Chronic health outcomes included high blood pressure, diabetes, chronic lung disease, heart disease, stroke, mental health conditions, heavy alcohol use, and self-reported health. Survey weights were applied to adjust for the survey design.ResultsAmong 13 462 participants, 946 (7.6%) had experienced incarceration (mean [SD] age, 62.4 [7.8] years); compared with 12 516 people with no prior incarceration (mean [SD] age, 66.7 [10.0] years), previously incarcerated adults were more likely to be male (83.0% vs 42.8%; P &amp;lt; .001) and in the lowest quartile of wealth (44.1% vs 21.4%; overall P &amp;lt; .001). After adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, wealth, educational attainment, and uninsured status, a history of incarceration was associated with a 20% to 80% increased risk of all geriatric syndromes evaluated, including impairment of ADLs (relative risk [RR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.40-1.88) and hearing impairment (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.44). Incarceration was also associated with increased risk of some chronic diseases, including chronic lung disease (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.91), mental health conditions (RR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.55-2.08), and heavy alcohol use (RR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.59-2.84). Prior incarceration was not associated with diabetes or cardiovascular conditions.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, at least 1 in 15 older US adults reported a history of incarceration in their lifetime. Past incarceration was associated with many chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes even after accounting for socioeconomic status. These findings suggest that attention to incarceration history may be an important consideration in understanding and mitigating health risks in older age.
Precise Modulation of Surface Layer Dynamics for Tunable Flowability and Gas Absorption Properties of Molecular Porous Liquids
Authors: Lai Yuyan , Yang Junsheng , Cai Linkun , Zhang Mingxin , He Xiaofeng , Yu Haitao , Li Mu , Ning Guo‐Hong , Yin Panchao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPorous liquids (PLs) have improved the understanding of the porous properties of matter; however, rational tuning of the viscosities and gas absorption properties of PLs lag far behind the explosive growth of PL applications. Herein, neat molecular PLs are constructed by grafting polymers onto the surface of 2 nm molecular nanocages with precisely tuned graft densities and molecular weights Mws. The flowability of the PLs showed a non‐monotonic dependence on the Mw of the polymers due to the interplay between the surface confinement effect and polymer chain entanglements, enabling optimization of their viscosities, similar to those of conventional liquids. The surface layer dynamics and gas absorption kinetics are quantified, correlation between the two properties is confirmed, and gas permeation process is regulated by surface layer dynamics. From the understanding of the structure–property relationship, the surface layer grafting densities are tuned to promote surface layer dynamics to achieve improved gas sorption performance.
A Novel Layered WO3 Derived from An Ion Etching Engineering for Ultrafast Proton Storage in Frozen Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Di , Xu Tiezhu , Zhang Miaoran , Ren Zhenghong , Tong Hao , Shen Laifa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAqueous proton batteries/pseudocapacitors are promising candidates for next‐generation electrochemical energy storage. However, their development is impeded by the lack of suitable electrode materials that facilitate rapid transport and storage of protons. Herein, an open‐layered hydrous tungsten oxide (WO3·nH2O) with larger layer spacing from Aurivillius Bi2WO6 via ion etching is proposed. Particularly, the WO3·nH2O electrode possesses a unique multi‐level nanostructure and presents superior rate performance (254 F g−1 at 1000 mV s−1, surpassing most carbon‐based electrode materials known). In situ X‐ray Diffraction combined with crystallography study demonstrate that the open layered structure with negligible structural strain enables fast and reversible (de)intercalation of protons during electrochemical reaction. Furthermore, a full proton pseudocapacitor (Prussian blue analogues//WO3·nH2O) operating in a wide temperature range from −40 to 25 °C is fabricated. This device can deliver 70% of the room‐temperature capacitance and stably cycle with negligible capacitance fading over 5000 cycles even in the solid‐phase electrolyte at −20 °C. This study provides a valuable strategy to design electrode materials with layered structures for the development of high‐performance aqueous proton batteries/pseudocapacitors at low temperatures.
Fullerene Lattice‐Confined Ru Nanoparticles and Single Atoms Synergistically Boost Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Luo Tianmi , Huang Jianfeng , Hu Yuzhu , Yuan Chengke , Chen Junsheng , Cao Liyun , Kajiyoshi Koji , Liu Yijun , Zhao Yong , Li Zhenjiang , Feng Yongqiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe design and construction of electrocatalysts with high efficiency, low cost and large current output suitable for industrial hydrogen production is the current development trend for water electrolysis. Herein, a lattice‐confined in situ reduction effect of the 3D crystalline fullerene network (CFN) is developed to trap Ru nanoparticle (NP) and single atom (SA) via a solvothermal‐pyrolysis process. The optimized product (RuNP‐RuSA@CFN‐800) exhibits outstanding electrocatalytic performance for alkaline hydrogen evolution reactions. To deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the RuNP‐RuSA@CFN‐800 merely required an overpotential of 33 mV, along with a robust electrocatalytic durability for 1400 h. Even at large current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, the overpotentials are only 154 and 251 mV, respectively. Density function theorey calculation results indicated that the electronic synergetic effect between Ru NP and SA enable to regulate the charge distribution of RuNP‐RuSA@CFN‐800 and reduce the Gibbs free energy of intermediate species for water dissociation process, thereby accelerating the hydrogen evolution process. Moreover, the robust CFN matrix render this strategy patulous to other transition metals, e.g., Cu, Ni, and Co. The present study provides a new clue for the construction of novel electrocatalyst in the field of energy storage and conversion.
All‐Optical Switching Based on Sub‐Bandgap Photoactivation of Charge Trapping in Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Wan Sushu , Li Ke , Zou Meijun , Hong Daocheng , Xie Mingcai , Tan Hairen , Scheblykin Ivan G. , Tian Yuxi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractControllable optical properties are crucial for the application of light‐emitting materials in optical devices. In this work, controllable photoluminescence in metal halide perovskite crystals is realized via photoactivation of their defects. It is found that under continuous excitation, the photoluminescence intensity of a CH3NH3PbBr3 crystal can be fully controlled by sub‐bandgap energy photon illumination. Such optically controllable emission behavior is rather general as it is observed also in CsPbBr3 and other perovskite materials. The switching mechanism is assigned to reversible light‐induced activation/deactivation of nonradiative recombination centers, the presence of which relates to an excess of Pb during perovskite synthesis. Given the success of perovskites in photovoltaics and optoelectronics, it is believed that the discovery of green luminescence controlled by red illumination will extend the application scope of perovskites toward optical devices and intelligent control.
Polymer‐Assisted Compressed Flux Growth: A Universal and High‐Yield Method for Dimension‐Controlled Single Crystals
Authors: Ge Chao , Zheng Xiaoxin , Guo Qing , Liu Yang , Tao Xutang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSingle crystals possess the most perfect and stable morphology and represent the intrinsic and upper limits of performance when integrated into various application scenarios. However, for a large portion of the newly emerging low‐dimensional and molecular materials, the mass production of crystals with a desirable shape is still challenging. Here, a universal and high‐yield method to grow functional single crystals with controlled dimensions is provided that can be directly integrated into a device. By utilizing a polymeric flux in combination with a compressed growth space, numerous materials can be grown into size‐controllable single crystalline flakes, with millions produced in one batch. This scalable growth method shows promise for the large‐scale integration of micro‐single‐crystals as functional components, as exemplified by the construction of a 5 in. field‐effect transistor array.
Macrocycle‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yuan Yufei , Bang Ki‐Taek , Wang Rui , Kim Yoonseob 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMacrocycles with well‐defined cavities and the ability to undergo supramolecular interactions are classical materials that have played an essential role in materials science. However, one of the most substantial barriers limiting the utilization of macrocycles is their aggregation, which blocks the active regions. Among many attempted strategies to prevent such aggregation, installing macrocycles into covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are porous and stable reticular networks, has emerged as an ideal solution. The resulting macrocycle‐based COFs (M‐COFs) preserve the macrocycles’ unique activities, enabling applications in various fields such as single‐atom catalysis, adsorption/separation, optoelectronics, phototherapy, and structural design of forming single‐layered or mechanically interlocked COFs. The resulting properties are unmatchable by any combination of macrocycles with other substrates, opening a new chapter in advanced materials. This review focuses on the latest progress in the concepts, synthesis, properties, and applications of M‐COFs, and presents an in‐depth outlook on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field.
Perspiring Soft Robotics Skin Constituted by Dynamic Polarity‐Switching Porous Liquid Crystal Membrane
Authors: Zhan Yuanyuan , Broer Dirk J. , Liu Danqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSecretion of functional fluids is essential for affecting surface properties in ecosystems. The existing polymer membranes that mimic human skin functions are limited to secreting, either apolar or polar, liquid. However, the development of membranes that grant exchange liquid with different polarities remains a grand challenge. This process is prohibited by the mismatch of the polarity between the carrier polymer and the loaded liquid. To conquer this limitation, an innovative strategy is reported to dynamically switch the polarity of the porous membrane, thereby empowering the exchange of apolar liquid with polar liquid and vice versa. This approach incorporates a benzoic acid derivative into the original apolar polymer network. The benzoic acid dimerizes and forms hydrogen bonds, which supports the molecular alignment, but can be broken into the ionic state when subjected to alkaline treatment, changing the polarity of themembrane. Consequently, the apolar liquid can be replaced with a more polar one. This polar liquid is ejected upon safe‐dose UV illumination from the membrane. Reabsorption occurs on demand by illumination of visible light or when left in contact with the membrane, spontaneously in the dark. Based on this, the consumed membrane is replenished with the same or different exchanging liquid.
A short review on the pulsar magnetic inclination angles
Authors: Li Biao‐Peng , Gao Zhi‐Fu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe inclination angle χ between the magnetic and rotation axes of pulsars is an important parameter in pulsar physics. The changes in the inclination angle of a pulsar would lead to observable effects, such as changes in the pulse beam width and braking index of the star. In this paper, we perform a short review on the evolution of a pulsar's magnetic inclination angle, as well as the latest research progress. Using an alignment rotator model in a vacuum, we investigate the magnetic inclination angle change rates for 12 high‐braking index pulsars without a glitch, whose timing observations are obtained using the Nanshan 25‐m Radio Telescope at Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory. For our purpose, three representative pulsars J0157+6212, J1743−3150, and J1857+0526 are chosen and their rotation and inclination angle evolutions are further investigated. In the future, radio and x‐ray polarimetric observations will provide more information about the inclination angles of pulsars, which could help us understand the origin of the variations in χ of pulsars and shed light on the range of possibilities of pulsar magnetic field configuration. A continuous study of the pulsar inclination angle will provide an important window into additional physical processes at work in the young and highly magnetized pulsars.
Improvements in the reduction coagulation filtration process for hexavalent chromium treatment
Authors: Gorman Craig , Kennedy Anthony , Samson Carleigh , Plummer Sarah , Townsend Eli , Seidel Chad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractReduction coagulation filtration using ferrous iron (Fe(II)‐RCF), or reduction filtration using stannous tin (Sn(II)‐RF), for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from drinking water represent attractive alternatives to ion exchange or reverse osmosis. With a new maximum contaminant level for Cr(VI) anticipated in California, this study sought to expand on previous research by applying Fe(II)‐RCF and Sn(II)‐RF to multiple groundwaters under a variety of reductant dose and reduction time scenarios. Four different granular filter media were also tested for removal of total chromium (Cr(T)) following Cr(VI) reduction to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)). Sodium hypochlorite, instead of aeration, was used to oxidize excess Fe(II) to Fe(III) prior to filtration, with minimal Cr(III) to Cr(VI) reoxidation. Sn(II)‐RF was also able to achieve Cr(T) and Cr(VI) treatment goals without dedicated reduction time prior to filtration. Results of this study were used to develop more up‐to‐date, feasibility‐level, 20‐year annualized cost estimates.
Aquatic biomass as sustainable feedstock for biorefineries
Authors: Amulya Kotamraju , Morris Sinead , Lens Piet N.L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe development of biorefineries is a crucial step in the circular economy framework. In biorefineries, research is intensified towards utilizing feedstocks, which do not need arable land or compete with food sources. In this scenario, emerged, submerged and free‐floating aquatic plants are garnering significant attention as potential feedstocks owing to their generation in huge quantities, especially in eutrophic water bodies, similar composition to lignocellulosic biomass with lower lignin content and requirement for only mild pre‐treatments. Therefore, exploring the feasibility of using these aquatic plants for the production of various biocommodities in a biorefinery approach can be of prime importance. In light of this, the current review illustrates the use of some of the major aquatic plants for the production of different biocommodities. The main focus of the study is to shed light on the various biorefinery schemes that could be implemented using these aquatic plants. It also outlines the challenges and prospects of aquatic plant‐based biorefineries. The findings suggest that various biorefinery schemes can be implemented using these aquatic plants and a combination of chemical and biological processes could aid in lowering the cost and achieving better yields. Furthermore, it is also observed that research on large‐scale management and valorization of these aquatic plants also needs to be intensified.