bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coincidence time resolution of radiation detector based on 6×6 mm2 ToF SiPM detectors with different readout schemes
Authors: Li Changyu , Li Yuying , Xi Jianbo , Xiang Shitao , Hu Kun 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Nowadays, attention is growing on the Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) detector for many applications, especially in nuclear medicine. In Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner, timing performance of a PET detector plays a significant role in image reconstruction.Methods: This work mainly aims at the processing of timing signal for the purpose of achieving a good timing performance. We applied a timing detector made up of a 3 × 3 × 10 mm3 LYSO crystal directly coupled with a large-size SensL SiPM with a sensitive area of 6 × 6 mm2. The standard output of the SiPM was used for energy calculation while the fast output was for timing pickoff. Three different readout configurations for fast timing signals were used for timing performance evaluation: 1) the recommended RF transformer-based readout, 2) the cascaded Common Emitter Amplifier (CEA), 3) the commercial RF amplifier.Results: Experiment results show that the best FWHM CTR values for the three were 228.3 ± 1.4 ps, 235.4 ± 1.1 ps and 231.1 ± 1.5 ps for the RF transformer-based, the CEA-based and the RF amplifier-based readout configurations respectively. The schemes based on the CEA-based and the RF amplifier-based configurations have a good uniformity at different trigger thresholds.Discussion: For practical application, the amplified timing signal based on the CEA circuit is more desirable because it is more feasible for trigger threshold selection in multichannel readout electronics system.
Acute effects of moderate vs. vigorous endurance exercise on urinary metabolites in healthy, young, physically active men—A multi-platform metabolomics approach
Authors: Kistner Sina , Mack Carina I. , Rist Manuela J. , Krüger Ralf , Egert Björn , Biniaminov Nathalie , Engelbert Ann Katrin , Seifert Stephanie , Dörr Claudia , Ferrario Paola G. , Neumann Rainer , Altmann Stefan , Bub Achim 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Endurance exercise alters whole-body as well as skeletal muscle metabolism and physiology, leading to improvements in performance and health. However, biological mechanisms underlying the body’s adaptations to different endurance exercise protocols are not entirely understood.Methods: We applied a multi-platform metabolomics approach to identify urinary metabolites and associated metabolic pathways that distinguish the acute metabolic response to two endurance exercise interventions at distinct intensities. In our randomized crossover study, 16 healthy, young, and physically active men performed 30 min of continuous moderate exercise (CME) and continuous vigorous exercise (CVE). Urine was collected during three post-exercise sampling phases (U01/U02/U03: until 45/105/195 min post-exercise), providing detailed temporal information on the response of the urinary metabolome to CME and CVE. Also, fasting spot urine samples were collected pre-exercise (U00) and on the following day (U04). While untargeted two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) led to the detection of 608 spectral features, 44 metabolites were identified and quantified by targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).Results: 104 urinary metabolites showed at least one significant difference for selected comparisons of sampling time points within or between exercise trials as well as a relevant median fold change &gt;1.5 or &lt;0.6¯ (NMR, LC-MS) or &gt;2.0 or &lt;0.5 (GC×GC-MS), being classified as either exercise-responsive or intensity-dependent. Our findings indicate that CVE induced more profound alterations in the urinary metabolome than CME, especially at U01, returning to baseline within 24 h after U00. Most differences between exercise trials are likely to reflect higher energy requirements during CVE, as demonstrated by greater shifts in metabolites related to glycolysis (e.g., lactate, pyruvate), tricarboxylic acid cycle (e.g., cis-aconitate, malate), purine nucleotide breakdown (e.g., hypoxanthine), and amino acid mobilization (e.g., alanine) or degradation (e.g., 4-hydroxyphenylacetate).Discussion: To conclude, this study provided first evidence of specific urinary metabolites as potential metabolic markers of endurance exercise intensity. Future studies are needed to validate our results and to examine whether acute metabolite changes in urine might also be partly reflective of mechanisms underlying the health- or performance-enhancing effects of endurance exercise, particularly if performed at high intensities.
Analysis of proportions using arcsine transform with any experimental design
Authors: Laurencelle Louis , Cousineau Denis 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionExact tests on proportions exist for single-group and two-group designs, but no general test on proportions exists that is appropriate for any experimental design involving more than two groups, repeated measures, and/or factorial designs.MethodHerein, we extend the analysis of proportions using arcsine transform to any sort of design. The resulting framework, which we have called Analysis of Proportions Using Arcsine Transform (ANOPA), is completely analogous to the analysis of variance for means of continuous data, allowing the examination of interactions, main and simple effects, post-hoc tests, orthogonal contrasts, et cetera.ResultWe illustrate the method with a few examples (single-factor design, two-factor design, within-subject design, and mixed design) and explore type I error rates with Monte Carlo simulations. We also examine power computation and confidence intervals for proportions.DiscussionANOPA is a complete series of analyses for proportions, applicable to any design.
Partnering with community-based organizations to improve equitable access to depression care for underserved older adults in the U.S.: Qualitative formative research
Authors: Steinman Lesley E. , Parrish Amanda T. , Kohn Marlana J. , Wu Sherry , Hara-Hubbard KeliAnne K. , Brown Lori , Imam Syed , Baquero Barbara , Hannon Peggy A. , Snowden Mark B. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundEmbedding evidenced-based programs (EBPs) like PEARLS outside clinical settings can help reduce inequities in access to depression care. Trusted community-based organizations (CBOs) reach older adults who are underserved; however, PEARLS adoption has been limited. Implementation science has tried to close this know-do gap, however a more intentional focus on equity is needed to engage CBOs. We partnered with CBOs to better understand their resources and needs in order to design more equitable dissemination and implementation (D&amp;I) strategies to support PEARLS adoption.MethodsWe conducted 39 interviews with 24 current and potential adopter organizations and other partners (February–September 2020). CBOs were purposively sampled for region, type, and priority older populations experiencing poverty (communities of color, linguistically diverse, rural). Using a social marketing framework, our guide explored barriers, benefits and process for PEARLS adoption; CBO capacities and needs; PEARLS acceptability and adaptations; and preferred communication channels. During COVID-19, interviews also addressed remote PEARLS delivery and changes in priorities. We conducted thematic analysis of transcripts using the rapid framework method to describe the needs and priorities of older adults who are underserved and the CBOs that engage them, and strategies, collaborations, and adaptations to integrate depression care in these contexts.ResultsDuring COVID-19, older adults relied on CBO support for basic needs such as food and housing. Isolation and depression were also urgent issues within communities, yet stigma remained for both late-life depression and depression care. CBOs wanted EBPs with cultural flexibility, stable funding, accessible training, staff investment, and fit with staff and community needs and priorities. Findings guided new dissemination strategies to better communicate how PEARLS is appropriate for organizations that engage older adults who are underserved, and what program components are core and what are adaptable to better align with organizations and communities. New implementation strategies will support organizational capacity-building through training and technical assistance, and matchmaking for funding and clinical support.DiscussionFindings support CBOs as appropriate depression care providers for older adults who are underserved, and suggest changes to communications and resources to better fit EBPs with the resources and needs of organizations and older adults. We are currently partnering with organizations in California and Washington to evaluate whether and how these D&amp;I strategies increase equitable access to PEARLS for older adults who are underserved.
Comparison of the association between different ozone indicators and daily respiratory hospitalization in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Lin Geng , Wang Zhuoqing , Zhang Xiangxue , Stein Alfred , Maji Kamal Jyoti , Cheng Changxiu , Osei Frank , Yang Fiona Fan 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundEpidemiological studies have widely proven the impact of ozone (O3) on respiratory mortality, while only a few studies compared the association between different O3 indicators and health.MethodsThis study explores the relationship between daily respiratory hospitalization and multiple ozone indicators in Guangzhou, China, from 2014 to 2018. It uses a time-stratified case–crossover design. Sensitivities of different age and gender groups were analyzed for the whole year, the warm and the cold periods. We compared the results from the single-day lag model and the moving average lag model.ResultsThe results showed that the maximum daily 8 h average ozone concentration (MDA8 O3) had a significant effect on the daily respiratory hospitalization. This effect was stronger than for the maximum daily 1 h average ozone concentration (MDA1 O3). The results further showed that O3 was positively associated with daily respiratory hospitalization in the warm season, while there was a significantly negative association in the cold season. Specifically, in the warm season, O3 has the most significant effect at lag 4 day, with the odds ratio (OR) equal to 1.0096 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.0032, 1.0161]. Moreover, at the lag 5 day, the effect of O3 on the 15–60 age group was less than that on people older than 60 years, with the OR value of 1.0135 (95% CI: 1.0041, 1.0231) for the 60+ age group; women were more sensitive than men to O3 exposure, with an OR value equal to 1.0094 (95% CI: 0.9992, 1.0196) for the female group.ConclusionThese results show that different O3 indicators measure different impacts on respiratory hospitalization admission. Their comparative analysis provided a more comprehensive insight into exploring associations between O3 exposure and respiratory health.
Chronic exposure to yttrium induced cell apoptosis in the testis by mediating Ca2+/IP3R1/CaMKII signaling
Authors: Liu Zhehao , Ding Yechun , Xie Shuchun , Hu Yaqiong , Xiao Hai , Liu Xia , Fan Xiaona 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionEnvironmental pollutants, such as rare earth elements, affect human health and particularly induce reproductive system injury. Yttrium (Y), one of the most widely used heavy rare earth elements, has been reported the cytotoxicity. However, the biological effects of Y3+ in the human body are largely unknown.MethodsTo further investigate the effects of Y on the reproductive system, in vivo (rat models) and in vitro studies were performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination were conducted, and western blotting assays were performed to detect the protein expression. TUNEL/DAPI staining were used to detect cell apoptosis, and the intracellular calcium concentrations were also determined.ResultsLong-term exposure to YCl3 in rats produced significant pathological changes. YCl3 treatment could induce cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. In addition, YCl3 enhanced the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ and up regulated the expression of IP3R1/CaMKII axis in Leydig cells. However, inhibition of IP3R1 and CaMKII with 2-APB and KN93, respectively, could reverse these effects.ConclusionLong-term exposure to yttrium could induce testicular injury by stimulating cell apoptosis, which might be associated with activation of Ca2+/IP3R1/CaMKII axis in Leydig cells.
An interdisciplinary nationwide complex intervention for lifespan neurodevelopmental service development: Underpinning principles and realist programme theory
Authors: Maciver Donald , Rutherford Marion , Johnston Lorna , Curnow Eleanor , Boilson Marie , Murray Mairéad 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPeople seeking support for neurodevelopmental differences often report waiting too long for assessment and diagnosis, as well as receiving inadequate support in educational and health settings. The National Autism Implementation Team (NAIT) developed a new national improvement programme in Scotland, focusing on assessment, diagnosis, educational inclusion, and professional learning. The NAIT programme was conducted within health and education services across the lifespan for a range of neurodevelopmental differences, including autism, developmental coordination disorder, developmental language disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. NAIT included a multidisciplinary team, with the involvement of an expert stakeholder group, clinicians, teachers, and people with lived experience. This study explores how the NAIT programme was planned, delivered, and received over three years.DesignWe performed a retrospective evaluation. We collected data from review of programme documents, consultation with programme leads and consultation with professional stakeholders. A theory-based analysis was completed, drawing on the Medical Research Council Framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions, and realist analysis methods. We developed a programme theory of the contexts (C), mechanisms (M), and outcomes (O) influencing the NAIT programme, based on comparison and synthesis of evidence. A key focus was on identifying the factors that contributed to the successful implementation of NAIT activities across different domains, including practitioner, institutional and macro levels.ResultsOn synthesis of the data, we identified the key principles underlying the NAIT programme, the activities and resources utilised by the NAIT team, 16 aspects of context, 13 mechanisms, and 17 outcome areas. Mechanisms and outcomes were grouped at practitioner level, service level and macro level. The programme theory is pertinent to observed practice changes across all stages of referral, diagnosis and support processes within health and education services for neurodivergent children and adults.ConclusionsThis theory-informed evaluation has resulted in a clearer and more replicable programme theory that can be used by others with similar aims. This paper illustrates the value of NAIT, as well as realist and complex interventions methodologies as tools for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers.
Robotic locomotor training for spasticity, pain, and quality of life in individuals with chronic SCI: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shackleton Claire , Evans Robert , West Sacha , Derman Wayne , Albertus Yumna 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe prevention and treatment of secondary complications is a key priority for people with spinal cord injury and a fundamental goal of rehabilitation. Activity-based Training (ABT) and Robotic Locomotor Training (RLT) demonstrate promising results for reducing secondary complications associated with SCI. However, there is a need for increased evidence through randomized controlled trials. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of RLT and ABT interventions on pain, spasticity, and quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injuries.MethodsParticipants with chronic motor incomplete tetraplegia (n = 16) were recruited. Each intervention involved 60-minute sessions, 3× per week, over 24-weeks. RLT involved walking in an Ekso GT exoskeleton. ABT involved a combination of resistance, cardiovascular and weight-bearing exercise. Outcomes of interest included the Modified Ashworth Scale, the International SCI Pain Basic Data Set Version 2, and the International SCI Quality of Life Basic Data Set.ResultsNeither intervention altered symptoms of spasticity. Pain intensity increased from pre-post intervention for both groups, with a mean increase of 1.55 [−0.82, 3.92] (p = 0.03) and 1.56 [−0.43, 3.55] (p = 0.02) points for the RLT and ABT group, respectively. The ABT group had an increase in pain interference scores of 100%, 50%, and 109% for the daily activity, mood, and sleep domain, respectively. The RLT group had an increase in pain interference scores of 86% and 69% for the daily activity and mood domain respectively, but no change in the sleep domain. The RLT group had increased perceptions of quality of life with changes of 2.37 [0.32, 4.41], 2.00 [0.43, 3.56] and 0.25 [−1.63, 2.13] points, p = 0.03, for the general, physical, and psychological domains, respectively. The ABT group had increased perceptions of general, physical and psychological quality of life with changes of 0.75 [−1.38, 2.88], 0.62 [−1.83, 3.07] and 0.63 [−1.87, 3.13] points, respectively.ConclusionsDespite increased pain ratings and no change in symptoms of spasticity, there was an increase in perceived quality of life for both groups over 24-weeks. This dichotomy warrants additional investigation in future large-scale randomized controlled trials.
Prerequisites for implementing physical activity on prescription for children with obesity in paediatric health care: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Boman Charlotte , Bernhardsson Susanne , Lauruschkus Katarina , Lundqvist Stefan , Melin Karin 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is a main driver of childhood obesity that tracks into adulthood, making it crucial to address early in life. Swedish physical activity on prescription (PAP) is an effective intervention for increasing physical activity levels in adults and is being implemented in primary care in Sweden. Before implementing PAP for children, both intervention effectiveness and implementation prerequisites need to be examined. Framed by the Normalization Process Theory (NPT) domains, this study aimed to investigate perceptions of PAP amongst paediatric staff and managers working with children with obesity, as well as acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, and barriers and facilitators for implementing PAP in paediatric health care.MethodsStaff and managers in 28 paediatric outpatient clinics in western Sweden were surveyed using validated implementation instruments and open-ended questions. Data were analysed using Mann–Whitney U tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Qualitative data were categorised into NPT domains.ResultsThe survey response rate was 54% (125/229). Most respondents (82%) reported PAP to be familiar and many (56%) perceived it as a normal part of work; nurses and physiotherapists to a greater extent (p &lt; 0.001). This was anticipated to increase in the future (82%), especially amongst those with the longest work experience (p = 0.012). Respondents reported seeing the potential value in their work with PAP (77%), being open to working in new ways to use PAP (94%), and having confidence in their colleagues' ability to use PAP (77%). Barriers and facilitators were found in all the NPT domains, mainly collective action and reflexive monitoring, where, for example, inadequacies of education, resources, and research on PAP for children were reported as barriers. Most respondents agreed that PAP was acceptable, appropriate, and feasible (71% to 88%).ConclusionsPAP is familiar and perceived as an acceptable, appropriate, and feasible intervention, and by many viewed as a normal part of clinical routines in paediatric outpatient clinics in western Sweden, especially by physiotherapists and nurses. Barriers and faciliators are mainly related to collective action and reflexive monitoring. The wide acceptance demonstrates receptiveness to PAP as an intervention to promote an active lifestyle for children with obesity.
Did you choose appropriate mouthwash for managing chemoradiotherapy-induced oral mucositis? The therapeutic effect compared by a Bayesian network meta-analysis.
Authors: Wang Xue , Zeng Li , Feng Xue , Zhao Na , Feng Na , Du Xin 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundOral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common adverse effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It greatly affects the patients' quality of life and hinders cancer treatment implementation. Treating OM with mouthwash is a widely used strategy that can effectively relieve symptoms and promote healing. However, the wide mouthwash selection confuses clinicians. This Bayesian network meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of various mouthwash types used to treat OM and provide high-level evidence-based recommendations for OM treatment.MethodsDatabase search included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to April 21, 2022. The primary outcome was OM score improvement following the World Health Organization grades. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) bias risk assessment tool provided in the Cochrane Handbook assessed the studies' risk of bias. We performed pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analysis with random effects following the PRISMA guideline.ResultsThe study included 13 RCTs with 570 patients. Pairwise comparisons showed that povidone-iodine was more effective than chlorhexidine (weighted mean difference [WMD], −2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.72 to −2.56) but inferior to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; WMD, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06–0.34) after one week of mouthwash treatment. Vitamin E (WMD, −0.94; 95% CI, −1.03 to −0.85), natural drugs (WMD, −0.93; 95% CI, −1.46 to −0.40), and phenytoin (WMD, −0.38; 95% CI, −0.59 to −0.17) exhibited better therapeutic effects than a placebo after three weeks of treatment. Bayesian network meta-analysis showed that povidone-iodine was superior to chlorhexidine in treating OM (WMD, 2.63; 95% CI, 0.20–5.01). Other mouthwashes showed no significant differences. Rank probability indicated that the best OM therapeutic mouthwashes were GM-CSF (54%), vitamin E (24%), and natural drugs (43%) after one, two, and three weeks of treatment, respectively.ConclusionGM-CSF was the most effective mouthwash type for OM treatment. When considering the cost and effectiveness, povidone-iodine and sodium bicarbonate might be the most advantageous. Furthermore, natural drugs have the same potential in treating OM. Safety and acceptability are their most outstanding characteristic.