bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid fluvial remobilization of sediments deposited by the 2021 Chamoli disaster, Indian Himalaya
Authors: Westoby Matthew J. , Dunning Stuart A. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Coulthard Thomas J. , Sain Kalachand , Kumar Amit , Berthier Etienne , Haritashya Umesh K. , Shean David E. , Azam Mohd. Farooq , Upadhyay Kavita , Koppes Michele , McCourt Harley R. , Shugar Dan H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
High-magnitude mass flows can have a pervasive geomorphological legacy, yet the short-term response of valley floors to such intense disturbances is poorly known and poses significant observational challenges in unstable landscapes. We combined satellite remote sensing, numerical modeling, and field observations to reconstruct the short-term geomorphological response of river channels directly affected by the 7 February 2021 ice-rock avalanche–debris flow in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India. The flow deposited 10.4 ± 1.6 Mm3 of sediment within the first 30 km and in places reset the channel floor to a zero-state condition, requiring complete fluvial re-establishment. In the 12 months post-event, 7.0 ± 1.5 Mm3 (67.2%) of the deposit volume was removed along a 30-km-long domain and the median erosion rate was 2.3 ± 1.1 m a–1. Most sediment was removed by pre-monsoon and monsoon river flows, which conveyed bedload waves traveling at 0.1–0.3 km day–1 and sustained order-of-magnitude increases in suspended sediment concentrations as far as 85 km from the event source. Our findings characterize a high-mountain fluvial cascade with a short relaxation time and high resilience to a high-magnitude geomorphological perturbation. This system response has wider implications, notably for water quality and downstream hydropower projects, which may be disrupted by elevated bedload and suspended sediment transport.
PREhabilitation of CAndidates for REnal Transplantation (PreCareTx) study: protocol for a hybrid type I, mixed method, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Quint Evelien E , Haanstra Avril J , van der Veen Yvonne , Maring Heleen , Berger Stefan P , Ranchor Adelita , Bakker Stephan J L , Finnema Evelyn , Pol Robert A , Annema Coby 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionKidney transplant candidates (KTCs) need to be in optimal physical and psychological condition prior to surgery. However, KTCs often experience compromised functional capacity which can be characterised as frailty. Prehabilitation, the enhancement of a person’s functional capacity, may be an effective intervention to improve the health status of KTCs. The PREhabilitation of CAndidates for REnal Transplantation (PreCareTx) study aims to examine the effectiveness of a multimodal prehabilitation programme on the health status of KTCs, and to explore the potential of implementation of prehabilitation in daily clinical practice.Methods and analysisThis study uses a single centre, effectiveness-implementation hybrid type I study design, comprised of a randomised controlled trial and a mixed-methods study. Adult patients who are currently on the transplant waiting list or are waitlisted during the study period, at a university medical centre in The Netherlands, will be randomly assigned to either prehabilitation (n=64) or care as usual (n=64) groups. The prehabilitation group will undergo a 12-week home-based, tailored prehabilitation programme consisting of physical and/or nutritional and/or psychosocial interventions depending on the participant’s deficits. This programme will be followed by a 12-week maintenance programme in order to enhance the incorporation of the interventions into daily life. The primary endpoint of this study is a change in frailty status as a proxy for health status. Secondary endpoints include changes in physical fitness, nutritional status, psychological well-being, quality of life and clinical outcomes. Tertiary endpoints include the safety, feasibility and acceptability of the prehabilitation programme, and the barriers and facilitators for further implementation.Ethics and disseminationMedical ethical approval was granted by the Medical Ethics Committee Groningen, Netherlands (M22.421). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. The results will be disseminated at international conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov,NCT05489432.
Multilevel interventions as climate change adaptation response to protect maternal and child health: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lokmic-Tomkins Zerina , Bhandari Dinesh , Watterson Jessica , Pollock Wendy E , Cochrane Lindy , Robinson Eddie , Su Tin Tin 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionGrowing evidence suggests that climate change-related extreme weather events adversely impact maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes, which requires effective, sustainable and culturally appropriate interventions at individual, community and policy levels to minimise these impacts. This scoping review proposes to map the evidence available on the type, characteristics and outcomes of multilevel interventions implemented as adaptational strategies to protect MCH from the possible adverse effects of climate change.MethodsThe following databases will be searched: Embase, MEDLINE, Emcare, EPPI-Centre database of health promotion research (BiblioMap) EPPI-Centre Database for promoting Health Effectiveness Reviews (DoPHER), Global Health, CINAHL, Joanna Briggs Institute EBP Database, Maternity and Infant Care Database, Education Resource Information Center, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and Global Index Medicus, which indexes Latin America and the Caribbean, Index Medicus for the South-East Asia Region, African Index Medicus, Western Pacific Region Index Medicus. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, conference proceedings, thesis and dissertations, policy and guidelines and their reference lists will also be searched. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts and full text based on predefined eligibility criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews using the Population, Concept and Context framework and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist will be used to structure and report the findings.Ethics and disseminationEthics permission to conduct the scoping review is not required as the information collected is publicly available through databases. Findings will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.
Diagnosis and endovascular management of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage — survey of real-life practices
Authors: Guenego Adrien , Fahed Robert , Rouchaud Aymeric , Walker Gregory , Faizy Tobias D , Sporns Peter B , Aggour Mohamed , Jabbour Pascal , Alexandre Andrea M , Mosimann Pascal John , Dmytriw Adam A , Ligot Noémie , Sadeghi Niloufar , Dai Chengbo , Hassan Ameer E , Pereira Vitor M , Singer Justin , Heit Jeremy J , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Chen Michael , Fiehler Jens , Lubicz Boris 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundVasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality after intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Vasospasm detection, prevention and management, especially endovascular management varies from center to center and lacks standardization. We aimed to evaluate this variability via an international survey of how neurointerventionalists approach vasospasm diagnosis and endovascular management.MethodsWe designed an anonymous online survey with 100 questions to evaluate practice patterns between December 2021 and September 2022. We contacted endovascular neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists and neurologists via email and via two professional societies – the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS) and the European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT). We recorded the physicians’ responses to the survey questions.ResultsA total of 201 physicians (25% [50/201] USA and 75% non-USA) completed the survey over 10 months, 42% had >7 years of experience, 92% were male, median age was 40 (IQR 35–46). Both high-volume and low-volume centers were represented. Daily transcranial Doppler was the most common screening method (75%) for vasospasm. In cases of symptomatic vasospasm despite optimal medical management, endovascular treatment was directly considered by 58% of physicians. The most common reason to initiate endovascular treatment was clinical deficits associated with proven vasospasm/DCI in 89%. The choice of endovascular treatment and its efficacy was highly variable. Nimodipine was the most common first-line intra-arterial therapy (40%). Mechanical angioplasty was considered the most effective endovascular treatment by 65% of neurointerventionalists.ConclusionOur study highlights the considerable heterogeneity among the neurointerventional community regarding vasospasm diagnosis and endovascular management. Randomized trials and guidelines are needed to improve standard of care, determine optimal management approaches and track outcomes.
Clarifying misbeliefs about hydroxychloroquine (HCQ): developing the HCQ benefits versus harm decision aid (HCQ-SAFE) per low health literacy standards
Authors: Garg Shivani , Ferguson Sancia , Chewning Betty , Gomez Shelby , Keevil Jon , Bartels Christie 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundUp to 83% of patients with SLE stop taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) within the first year due to knowledge gaps regarding the survival benefits of HCQ versus inflated fears of rare toxicity. Thus, there is a need for a shared decision-making tool that highlights HCQ’s significant benefits versus rare harms to improve patients’ understanding and align treatments with their values. The objective of this study was to describe development and piloting of a decision aid (HCQ-SAFE) to facilitate HCQ adherence, and safe, effective use by engaging patients in therapeutic decision-making.MethodsHCQ-SAFE was developed via a collaborative process involving patients, clinicians, implementation scientists and health literacy experts. The initial prototype was informed by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) low literacy principles and key themes about HCQ use from six prior patient and clinician focus groups, with iterative expert and stakeholder feedback to deliver a final prototype. We implemented HCQ-SAFE in four clinics to examine usability and feasibility on Likert scales (0–7) and net promoter score (0%–100%).ResultsThe final HCQ-SAFE shared decision-making laminated tool organises data using pictograms showing how HCQ use reduces risk of organ damage, early death and blood clots versus low risk of eye toxicity.HCQ-SAFE was reviewed in all eligible patient visits (n=40) across four clinics on an average of ~8 min, including 25% non-English-speaking patients. All patients scored 100% on the knowledge post-test; no decisional conflicts were noted after using HCQ-SAFE. HCQ-SAFE garnered high clinician and patient satisfaction with 100% likelihood to recommend to peers.ConclusionsHCQ-SAFE is a stakeholder-informed feasible shared decision-making tool that enhances communication and can potentially improve knowledge, clarify misbeliefs and engage patients in treatment decisions, including those with limited English proficiency.
Impaired regulatory function of granzyme B-producing B cells against T cell inflammatory responses in lupus mice
Authors: Xue Jimeng , Xu Liling , Zhong Hua , Bai Mingxin , Li Xin , Yao Ranran , Wang Ziye , Zhao Zhen , Li Hongchao , Zhu Huaqun , Hu Fanlei , Su Yin 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveRecently, a new subtype of granzyme B (GrB)-producing Breg cells has been identified, which was proven to be involved in autoimmune disease. Our recent report demonstrated that GrB-producing Breg cells were correlated with clinical and immunological features of SLE. However, the effect of GrB-producing Breg cells in lupus mice is unclear.MethodsGrB expression in naïve and lupus mouse B cells was analysed using flow cytometry, PCR, ELISA and ELISpot assays. To study the role of GrB-producing B cells in a lupus model, GrB knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were intraperitoneally injected with monoclonal cells from the mutant mouse strain B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) for 2 weeks. In addition, the function of GrB-producing Breg cells in naïve and lupus mice was further explored using in vitro B cells-CD4+CD25−T cell co-culture assays with GrB blockade/KO of B cells.ResultsB cells from the spleens of WT C57BL/6 (B6) mice could express and secret GrB (p<0.001). GrB-producing Breg cells from WT mice showed their regulatory functions on CD4+CD25−T cell. While the frequency of GrB-producing Breg cells was significantly decreased (p=0.001) in lupus mice (p<0.001). Moreover, GrB-producing Breg cells in lupus mice failed to suppress T cell-mediated proinflammatory responses, partially due to the impaired capacity of downregulating the T cell receptor-zeta chain and inducing CD4+CD25−T cell apoptosis.ConclusionThis study further revealed the function and mechanism of GrB-producing Breg cells in regulating T cell homeostasis in lupus mice and highlighted GrB-producing Breg cells as a therapeutic target in SLE.
Still ‘Cool’: tobacco industry responds to state-wide menthol ban with synthetic coolants
Authors: Page Michelle K , Paul Emily E , Leigh Noel J , Meza Leah R , Galimov Artur , Sussman Steve , Leventhal Adam , O'Connor Richard J , Goniewicz Maciej L 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionIn December 2022, California (CA) enforced a voter-approved regulation restricting the retail sale of flavoured tobacco products, including menthol cigarettes. Shortly after, new products emerged on the market containing similar blue and green package colours yet with ‘non-menthol’ descriptors. Using chemical analyses, we measured the content of menthol and 15 other cooling chemicals in Californian cigarettes with ‘non-menthol’ descriptors and compared concentrations to similar ‘menthol’-labelled counterparts available in New York State (NY).MethodsA convenience sample of 10 brands and types of cigarettes in CA were purchased based on package colours suggesting a cooling effect and/or ‘non-menthol’ descriptors. The exact brand and type of cigarettes (with menthol descriptors) were purchased in NY. Cigarettes from CA were compared with equivalent cigarettes from NY on package design and colours, cigarette physical characteristics and the presence of cooling additives.ResultsMenthol was not detected in any CA cigarette, except for Maverick-green box type, while its presence was confirmed in most NY counterpart products. A synthetic cooling chemical WS-3 was not detected in any NY cigarettes but was detected in four CA brands and types with implied cooling effect, ranging from 1.24±0.04 to 1.97±0.05 mg/cigarette.ConclusionWhile manufacturers have removed menthol descriptors from CA packaging and the menthol ingredient from cigarettes, synthetic cooling chemicals detected in several CA brands suggest that cooling sensory effects may still be sustained. Policymakers must consider both the chemical ingredients themselves and sensory effects in future regulatory approaches.
Community-led non-invasive polar bear monitoring in the Eeyou Marine Region of James Bay, Canada: insights on distribution and body condition during the ice-free season
Authors: Langwieder Alexandra , Coxon Angela , Louttit Natasha , Varty Stephanie , Boulanger Felix , Diamond Sanford , Lameboy John , Jolly Anderson , Natawapineskum George , Okimaw Derek , Humphries Murray M. 
Published: July 2023

Wildlife conservation is informed by detailed understanding of species demographics, habitat use, and interactions with environmental drivers. Challenges to collecting this information, particularly in remote places and on widely ranging species, can contribute to data deficiencies that detract from conservation status assessment and the effectiveness of management actions. Polar bears in James Bay face rapidly changing environmental conditions at the southern edge of their global range, but studying their ecology has been limited by community concerns about the methods typically used in polar bear research. Using a community-led and non-invasive approach, we deployed hair snare and camera trap sampling stations across 400 km of the Eeyou Marine Region in eastern James Bay. Stations collected >100 hair samples and thousands of photographs in one eight-week period that allowed for a novel investigation of this population’s distribution and body condition during the ice-free season. Polar bears were in average to above average body condition, and model selection of detections at stations revealed distance to mainland as a significant predictor of polar bear presence. Given its high potential, we suggest community-based monitoring using this method become a standard protocol to expand the scope and local leadership of polar bear research across the North.
Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease Among US Adults With Hypertension, 1999 to 2018
Authors: Zeng Xianghui , Zeng Qingfeng , Zhou Lanqian , Zhu Hengqing , Luo Jianping 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Hypertension is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Assessing temporal trends in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hypertension could provide information for public health policies and plans.

METHODS:
From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018, a probability sample of adults aged ≥20 years was collected. The primary outcomes were classified according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin. Trend tests were performed to assess age-standardized prevalence trends of CKD, albuminuria, and macroalbuminuria in US adults with hypertension.

RESULTS:

A total of 23 120 US adults with hypertension were included in this study. The prevalence of any CKD, albuminuria, or macroalbuminuria in hypertension remained relatively stable. However, the age-standardized prevalence of stage 1 CKD in hypertension increased from 4.9% in 2003 to 2006 to 7.0% in 2015 to 2018 (
P
=0.0077 for trend). The age-standardized prevalence of stage 3b CKD in hypertension decreased from 2.9% in 2011 to 2014 to 2.1% in 2015 to 2018 (
P
=0.0350 for trend). A similar trend was observed for the age-standardized prevalence of stages 3 to 5 CKD in hypertension, which declined from 10.9% in 2011 to 2014 to 8.9% in 2015 to 2018 (
P
=0.0160 for trend).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among US adults with hypertension, the prevalence of any CKD, albuminuria, and macroalbuminuria remained relatively stable from 1999 to 2018, whereas the hypertensive population showed an increasing trend in stage 1 CKD from 2003 to 2006 to 2015 to 2018 and a decreasing trend in the prevalence of stages 3 to 5 and 3b CKD from 2011 to 2014 to 2015 to 2018.
The Concept of Guarding the One from the Zhuangzi 《莊子》 to Early Chan Buddhism
Authors: Zhao Wen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper traces the conception of “guarding the One” (shou yi 守一), an equivalent to “one-practice samādhi” from the East Mountain Teaching (dong shan fa men 東山法門) in early Chan Buddhism, back to the Zhuangzi《莊子》. “Guarding the One” and “nurturing the shen” (yang shen 養神) appear frequently in the context of Daoist spiritual training for longevity. In early medieval Chinese Buddhism, with the influence of the discourse of Daoist spiritual training and the karma theory from India, the concept of shen 神 generally developed into a pure substance of the mind. This substance of the mind also echoes the theory of Buddha-nature, and played a significant role in “Fourth Patriarch” Daoxin’s interpretation of “guarding the One”.
The Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL) Campaign
Authors: Feldman D. R. , Aiken A. C. , Boos W. R. , Carroll R. W. H. , Chandrasekar V. , Collis S. , Creamean J. M. , de Boer G. , Deems J. , DeMott P. J. , Fan J. , Flores A. N. , Gochis D. , Grover M. , Hill T. C. J. , Hodshire A. , Hulm E. , Hume C. C. , Jackson R. , Junyent F. , Kennedy A. , Kumjian M. , Levin E. J. T. , Lundquist J. D. , O’Brien J. , Raleigh M. S. , Reithel J. , Rhoades A. , Rittger K. , Rudisill W. , Sherman Z. , Siirila-Woodburn E. , Skiles S. M. , Smith J. N. , Sullivan R. C. , Theisen A. , Tuftedal M. , Varble A. C. , Wiedlea A. , Wielandt S. , Williams K. , Xu Z. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The science of mountainous hydrology spans the atmosphere through the bedrock and inherently crosses physical and disciplinary boundaries: land–atmosphere interactions in complex terrain enhance clouds and precipitation, while watersheds retain and release water over a large range of spatial and temporal scales. Limited observations in complex terrain challenge efforts to improve predictive models of the hydrology in the face of rapid changes. The Upper Colorado River exemplifies these challenges, especially with ongoing mismatches between precipitation, snowpack, and discharge. Consequently, the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility has deployed an observatory to the East River Watershed near Crested Butte, Colorado, between September 2021 and June 2023 to measure the main atmospheric drivers of water resources, including precipitation, clouds, winds, aerosols, radiation, temperature, and humidity. This effort, called the Surface Atmosphere Integrated Field Laboratory (SAIL), is also working in tandem with DOE-sponsored surface and subsurface hydrologists and other federal, state, and local partners. SAIL data can be benchmarks for model development by producing a wide range of observational information on precipitation and its associated processes, including those processes that impact snowpack sublimation and redistribution, aerosol direct radiative effects in the atmosphere and in the snowpack, aerosol impacts on clouds and precipitation, and processes controlling surface fluxes of energy and mass. Preliminary data from SAIL’s first year showcase the rich information content in SAIL’s many datastreams and support testing hypotheses that will ultimately improve scientific understanding and predictability of Upper Colorado River hydrology in 2023 and beyond.
Performance Evaluation of GPM IMERG Precipitation Products over the Tropical Oceans Using Buoys
Authors: Pradhan Rajani Kumar , Markonis Yannis 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The majority of global precipitation falls in tropical oceans. Nonetheless, due to the lack of in situ precipitation measurements, the number of studies over the tropical oceans remains limited. Similarly, the performance of IMERG products over the tropical oceans is unknown. In this context, this study quantitatively evaluates the 20 years (2001–20) of IMERG V06 Early, Late, and Final products against the in situ buoys’ estimates using the pixel–point approach at a daily scale across the tropical oceans. Results show that IMERG represents well the mean spatial pattern and spatial variation of precipitation, though significant differences exist in the magnitude of precipitation amount. Overall, IMERG notably overestimates precipitation across the tropical ocean, with maxima over the western Pacific and Indian Oceans, while it performs better over the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Moreover, irrespective of the region, IMERG sufficiently detects precipitation events (i.e., >0.1 mm day−1) for high-precipitation regions, though it significantly overestimates the magnitude. Despite IMERG’s detection issues of precipitation events over the regions with lower precipitation, it is in good agreement with the buoys in total precipitation estimation. The positive hit bias and false alarm bias are the major contributions to the overall total positive bias. Furthermore, the detection capability of IMERG tends to decline with increasing precipitation rates. In terms of IMERG runs, the IMERG Final product performs slightly better than the Early and Late runs. More detailed studies over the tropical oceans are required to better characterize the biases and their sources.