bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status-impact assessment: is accuracy linked with status motivations?
Authors: Durkee Patrick K. , Lukaszewski Aaron W. , Buss David M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Status hierarchies are ubiquitous across cultures and have been over deep time. Position in hierarchies shows important links with fitness outcomes. Consequently, humans should possess psychological adaptations for navigating the adaptive challenges posed by living in hierarchically organised groups. One hypothesised adaptation functions to assess, track, and store the status impacts of different acts, characteristics and events in order to guide hierarchy navigation. Although this status-impact assessment system is expected to be universal, there are several ways in which differences in assessment accuracy could arise. This variation may link to broader individual difference constructs. In a preregistered study with samples from India (N = 815) and the USA (N = 822), we sought to examine how individual differences in the accuracy of status-impact assessments covary with status motivations and personality. In both countries, greater overall status-impact assessment accuracy was associated with higher status motivations, as well as higher standing on two broad personality constructs: Honesty–Humility and Conscientiousness. These findings help map broad personality constructs onto variation in the functioning of specific cognitive mechanisms and contribute to an evolutionary understanding of individual differences.
The Asymptotic Statistics of Random Covering Surfaces
Authors: Magee Michael , Puder Doron 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet$\Gamma _{g}$be the fundamental group of a closed connected orientable surface of genus$g\geq 2$. We develop a new method for integrating over the representation space$\mathbb {X}_{g,n}=\mathrm {Hom}(\Gamma _{g},S_{n})$, where$S_{n}$is the symmetric group of permutations of$\{1,\ldots ,n\}$. Equivalently, this is the space of all vertex-labeled,n-sheeted covering spaces of the closed surface of genusg.Given$\phi \in \mathbb {X}_{g,n}$and$\gamma \in \Gamma _{g}$, we let$\mathsf {fix}_{\gamma }(\phi )$be the number of fixed points of the permutation$\phi (\gamma )$. The function$\mathsf {fix}_{\gamma }$is a special case of a natural family of functions on$\mathbb {X}_{g,n}$called Wilson loops. Our new methodology leads to an asymptotic formula, as$n\to \infty $, for the expectation of$\mathsf {fix}_{\gamma }$with respect to the uniform probability measure on$\mathbb {X}_{g,n}$, which is denoted by$\mathbb {E}_{g,n}[\mathsf {fix}_{\gamma }]$. We prove that if$\gamma \in \Gamma _{g}$is not the identity andqis maximal such that$\gamma $is aqthpower in$\Gamma _{g}$, then$$\begin{align*}\mathbb{E}_{g,n}\left[\mathsf{fix}_{\gamma}\right]=d(q)+O(n^{-1}) \end{align*}$$as$n\to \infty $, where$d\left (q\right )$is the number of divisors ofq. Even the weaker corollary that$\mathbb {E}_{g,n}[\mathsf {fix}_{\gamma }]=o(n)$as$n\to \infty $is a new result of this paper. We also prove that$\mathbb {E}_{g,n}[\mathsf {fix}_{\gamma }]$can be approximated to any order$O(n^{-M})$by a polynomial in$n^{-1}$.
The distribution of fossil pollen and charcoal in stalagmites
Authors: Dickson Bianca , Sniderman J.M. Kale , Korasidis Vera A. , Woodhead Jon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPollen preserved in caves provides a little-appreciated opportunity to study past vegetation and climate changes in regions where conventional wetland sediments are either unavailable, contain little organic matter, and/or are difficult to date accurately. Most palynology in caves has focused on clastic infill sediments, but pollen preserved in growing speleothems provides important new opportunities to develop vegetation and climatic records that can be dated accurately with radiometric methods. However, when pollen is present in speleothems, concentrations can vary by orders of magnitude, highlighting how little we know about the processes that transport pollen into caves and onto speleothem surfaces, and that determine the pollen's preservation probability. To explore these aspects of speleothem pollen taphonomy, we investigated the distribution of pollen and microscopic charcoal within several stalagmites from southwest Australia. We examined spatial patterns in pollen and charcoal preservation in order to distinguish whether observed gradients result from preservation or are products of systematic transport processes working along stalagmite surfaces. We find that pollen grains and charcoal fragments are located preferentially on the flanks of most stalagmites. This suggests that pollen grain and charcoal deposition on speleothems is influenced by transport and accumulation of detrital debris on growing surfaces. These insights will assist in future sampling campaigns focusing on speleothem pollen and charcoal contents.
In search of Tabal, central Anatolia: Iron Age interaction at Alişar Höyük
Authors: Kealhofer Lisa , Grave Peter , Marsh Ben 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTrajectories of social complexity following socio-political collapse have provided fertile ground for new theoretical and methodological perspectives in archaeology. Here we investigate ceramics from the site of Alişar Höyük, a settlement that was likely part of the Iron Age polity of Tabal. Best known from Assyrian texts, Tabal emerged in central Anatolia after the Late Bronze Age Hittite collapse, but its structure and operation remain enigmatic. Excavated in the 1920s and 1930s, a large sample of ceramics from Alişar has since been curated at the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. Using multiple perspectives on this Middle Iron Age ceramic sample, we explore the political and economic structures at this site in terms of its interaction sphere. Our results suggest that if Alişar was part of Tabal, by the Middle Iron Age this polity was highly intra-regionally integrated, competitive and heterarchical.
Technology-enhanced language learning and pragmatics: Insights from digital game-based pragmatics instruction
Authors: Taguchi Naoko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLearning pragmatics involves learning linguistic forms and their communicative functions as well as the context where the form-function relationships are realized. Given its socially grounded, context-sensitive nature, pragmatics may be best learned in a technology-enhanced environment that provides direct access to contextualized communicative practice. Technology can help produce rich multimodal input, opportunities for interaction with consequences, and experience-based learning, which are all important elements of pragmatics learning. This lecture highlights these benefits of technology-enhanced pragmatics learning using a digital game as a sample platform. We created a digital game to teach request-making in English by having participants experience interpersonal consequences of their request as feedback (observing their interlocutor's reactions to their choice of request-making forms). Using the digital game with Chinese learners of English, a series of studies were conducted to investigate a variety of topics, such as the effects of different feedback conditions on learning outcomes, role of metapragmatic knowledge in learning, and transfer of request-making knowledge to a novel speech act. This lecture presents findings from these studies and concludes with future research directions on technology-enhanced pragmatics learning.
Screening the predictors for live birth failure in women after the first frozen embryo transfer based on the Lasso algorithm: a retrospective study
Authors: Jin Wumin , Lin Jia , Wang Peiyu , Yang Haiyan , Jin Congcong 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis study aimed to screen factors related to live birth outcomes of women with first frozen embryo transfer (FET). The enrolled women were divided into training and validation cohorts. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression algorithm of machine learning and the multiple regression model were then used to screen factors relevant to live birth failure (LBF) for the training dataset. A nomogram risk prediction model was established on the basis of the screened factors, and the consistency index (C-index) and calibration curve were derived for evaluating the model. The validation cohort was utilized to validate the nomogram model further. In total, 2083 women who accepted the first FET in our hospital were included and 44 factors were initially screened in this study. On the basis of the training cohort, the screened risk factors via multiple regression analysis with odds ratio (OR) values were female age (OR: 3.092, 95%CI: 1.065–4.852), body mass index (BMI; OR: 1.106, 95%CI: 1.015–1.546), caesarean section (OR: 1.909, 95%CI: 1.318–2.814), number of high-quality embryos (OR: 0.698, 95%CI: 0.599–0.812), and endometrial thickness (OR: 0.957, CI: 0.904–0.980). The nomogram model was generated based on five predictors. Furthermore, favourable results with C-indexes and calibration curves close to ideal curves indicated the accurate predictive ability of the nomogram. Female age, BMI, caesarean section, number of high-quality embryos, and endometrial thickness were independent predictors for LBF. The five factors of the risk assessment model may help to identify LBF with high accuracy in women who accept FET.
Determining sentiment views of verbal multiword expressions using linguistic features
Authors: Wiegand Michael , Schulder Marc , Ruppenhofer Josef 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine the binary classification of sentiment views for verbal multiword expressions (MWEs). Sentiment views denote the perspective of the holder of some opinion. We distinguish between MWEs conveying the view of the speaker of the utterance (e.g., in “The company reinvented the wheel” the holder is the implicit speaker who criticizes the company for creating something already existing) and MWEs conveying the view of explicit entities participating in an opinion event (e.g., in “Peter threw in the towel” the holder is Peter having given up something). The task has so far been examined on unigram opinion words. Since many features found effective for unigrams are not usable for MWEs, we propose novel ones taking into account the internal structure of MWEs, a unigram sentiment-view lexicon and various information from Wiktionary. We also examine distributional methods and show that the corpus on which a representation is induced has a notable impact on the classification. We perform an extrinsic evaluation in the task of opinion holder extraction and show that the learnt knowledge also improves a state-of-the-art classifier trained on BERT. Sentiment-view classification is typically framed as a task in which only little labeled training data are available. As in the case of unigrams, we show that for MWEs a feature-based approach beats state-of-the-art generic methods.
Molecular cytology identification of 22 sugarcane germplasm clones from Sri Lanka
Authors: Li Xujuan , Mao Jun , Chen Xuekuan , Lin Xiuqin , Wang Xiaoyan , Xu Chaohua , Liu Xinlong , Lu Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGermplasm innovation can provide materials for breeding sugarcane cultivars. Saccharum officinarum is the main source of high-sugar and high-yield genes in sugarcane breeding. ‘Nobilization’ is the theoretical basis for exploiting S. officinarum, and S. officinarum authenticity directly affects sugarcane nobility breeding efficiency. Herein, the authenticity of 22 SLC-series S. officinarum clones imported from Sri Lanka and preserved in the China National Germplasm Repository of Sugarcane (NGRS) was explored by four-primer amplification-arrested mutation PCR (ARMS PCR) and somatic chromosome number counting. The amplified bands from SLC 08 120 and SLC 08 131 were the same with those from S. officinarum clone Badila, i.e. a common band of 428 bp and a S. officinarum-specific band of 278 bp, hence they were tentatively assigned as S. officinarum clones. The other 20 SLC clones had both 278 bp (S. officinarum-specific) and 203 bp (S. spontaneum-specific) bands, which are hybrid characteristics. In addition, the chromosome numbers of SLC 08 120 and SLC 08 131 are both 80, belong to typical S. officinarum. While the chromosome numbers of the other 20 materials are ranging from 101 to 129, consistent with hybrids of S. officinarum and S. spontaneum. This molecular cytological characterization indicates that among the 22 introduced SLC-series clones, only two, SLC 08 120 and SLC 08 131, were S. officinarum. Future agronomic trait and resistance analyses could facilitate their use as crossing parents in sugarcane breeding.
Rift Basins and Intraplate Earthquakes: New High‐Resolution Aeromagnetic Data Provide Insights Into Buried Structures of the Charleston, South Carolina Seismic Zone
Authors: Shah A. K. , Pratt T. L. , Horton J. W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe delineation of faults that pose seismic risk in intraplate seismic zones and the mapping of features associated with failed rift basins can help our understanding of links between the two. We use new high‐resolution aeromagnetic data, previous borehole sample information, and reprocessed seismic reflection profiles to image subsurface structures and evaluate recent fault activity within the Charleston seismic zone, the associated Mesozoic South Georgia rift basin, and surrounds. The new aeromagnetic data provide an unprecedented view of buried basement structures. NE‐ and NW‐trending lineaments of various lengths throughout the survey area are interpreted as Paleozoic orogenic structures and Mesozoic dikes, respectively. Within the rift basin, 15‐ to 20‐km long ESE‐trending lineaments are associated with faults in pre‐Cretaceous strata of the reflection data and are interpreted as Mesozoic rift structures. Various intersections and terminations of interpreted faults suggest rift‐related reactivation of Paleozoic faults and corresponding inheritance for Mesozoic structures. The reflection data show that several Paleozoic and Mesozoic faults are associated with deformation in Cretaceous and younger sediments, suggesting reactivation in the more recent passive margin setting. Two of these faults, one NE‐striking and one ESE‐striking, are coincident with surficial landforms, suggesting Quaternary slip; the ESE‐striking fault is also well‐aligned with a plan‐view offset in modern seismicity. A favorable orientation for reverse motion on ESE‐striking Mesozoic faults, a possible sub‐basin, and potentially weakened lithosphere are failed rift basin features that may influence intraplate seismicity within the Charleston seismic zone.
Nanograin network memory with reconfigurable percolation paths for synaptic interactions
Authors: Lee Hoo-Cheol , Kim Jungkil , Kim Ha-Reem , Kim Kyoung-Ho , Park Kyung-Jun , So Jae-Pil , Lee Jung Min , Hwang Min-Soo , Park Hong-Gyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of memory devices with functions that simultaneously process and store data is required for efficient computation. To achieve this, artificial synaptic devices have been proposed because they can construct hybrid networks with biological neurons and perform neuromorphic computation. However, irreversible aging of these electrical devices causes unavoidable performance degradation. Although several photonic approaches to controlling currents have been suggested, suppression of current levels and switching of analog conductance in a simple photonic manner remain challenging. Here, we demonstrated a nanograin network memory using reconfigurable percolation paths in a single Si nanowire with solid core/porous shell and pure solid core segments. The electrical and photonic control of current percolation paths enabled the analog and reversible adjustment of the persistent current level, exhibiting memory behavior and current suppression in this single nanowire device. In addition, the synaptic behaviors of memory and erasure were demonstrated through potentiation and habituation processes. Photonic habituation was achieved using laser illumination on the porous nanowire shell, with a linear decrease in the postsynaptic current. Furthermore, synaptic elimination was emulated using two adjacent devices interconnected on a single nanowire. Therefore, electrical and photonic reconfiguration of the conductive paths in Si nanograin networks will pave the way for next-generation nanodevice technologies.
Drug-induced lactate confers ferroptosis resistance via p38-SGK1-NEDD4L-dependent upregulation of GPX4 in NSCLC cells
Authors: Cheng Feng , Dou Jintao , Yang Yi , Sun Shaojie , Chen Ruiqi , Zhang Zhijian , Wei Huijun , Li Jianhui , Wu Zhihao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is a newly defined non-apoptotic programmed cell death resulting from the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Whether ferroptosis plays any role in chemotherapy remains to be established. Here, we reported that ferroptosis represents a part of the chemotherapeutic drug etoposide-induced cell death response in Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) cells and adaptive signaling molecule lactate protects Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) from etoposide-induced ferroptosis. Lactate derived from metabolic reprogramming increases the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to promote ferroptosis resistance in NSCLC. Furthermore, we identified E3-ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L as a major regulator of GPX4 stability. Mechanistically, Lactate increases mitochondrial ROS generation and drives activation of the p38-SGK1 pathway, which attenuates the interaction of NEDD4L with GPX4 and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of GPX4. Our data implicated the role of ferroptosis in chemotherapeutic resistance and identified a novel post-translational regulatory mechanism for the key Ferroptosis mediator GPX4.
GalNAc-Lipid nanoparticles enable non-LDLR dependent hepatic delivery of a CRISPR base editing therapy
Authors: Kasiewicz Lisa N. , Biswas Souvik , Beach Aaron , Ren Huilan , Dutta Chaitali , Mazzola Anne Marie , Rohde Ellen , Chadwick Alexandra , Cheng Christopher , Garcia Sara P. , Iyer Sowmya , Matsumoto Yuri , Khera Amit V. , Musunuru Kiran , Kathiresan Sekar , Malyala Padma , Rajeev Kallanthottathil G. , Bellinger Andrew M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLipid nanoparticles have demonstrated utility in hepatic delivery of a range of therapeutic modalities and typically deliver their cargo via low-density lipoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis. For patients lacking sufficient low-density lipoprotein receptor activity, such as those with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, an alternate strategy is needed. Here we show the use of structure-guided rational design in a series of mouse and non-human primate studies to optimize a GalNAc-Lipid nanoparticle that allows for low-density lipoprotein receptor independent delivery. In low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient non-human primates administered a CRISPR base editing therapy targeting the ANGPTL3 gene, the introduction of an optimized GalNAc-based asialoglycoprotein receptor ligand to the nanoparticle surface increased liver editing from 5% to 61% with minimal editing in nontargeted tissues. Similar editing was noted in wild-type monkeys, with durable blood ANGPTL3 protein reduction up to 89% six months post dosing. These results suggest that GalNAc-Lipid nanoparticles may effectively deliver to both patients with intact low-density lipoprotein receptor activity as well as those afflicted by homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Deep learning to estimate lung disease mortality from chest radiographs
Authors: Weiss Jakob , Raghu Vineet K. , Bontempi Dennis , Christiani David C. , Mak Raymond H. , Lu Michael T. , Aerts Hugo J.W.L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevention and management of chronic lung diseases (asthma, lung cancer, etc.) are of great importance. While tests are available for reliable diagnosis, accurate identification of those who will develop severe morbidity/mortality is currently limited. Here, we developed a deep learning model, CXR Lung-Risk, to predict the risk of lung disease mortality from a chest x-ray. The model was trained using 147,497 x-ray images of 40,643 individuals and tested in three independent cohorts comprising 15,976 individuals. We found that CXR Lung-Risk showed a graded association with lung disease mortality after adjustment for risk factors, including age, smoking, and radiologic findings (Hazard ratios up to 11.86 [8.64–16.27]; p < 0.001). Adding CXR Lung-Risk to a multivariable model improved estimates of lung disease mortality in all cohorts. Our results demonstrate that deep learning can identify individuals at risk of lung disease mortality on easily obtainable x-rays, which may improve personalized prevention and treatment strategies.
3D-patterned inverse-designed mid-infrared metaoptics
Authors: Roberts Gregory , Ballew Conner , Zheng Tianzhe , Garcia Juan C. , Camayd-Muñoz Sarah , Hon Philip W. C. , Faraon Andrei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModern imaging systems can be enhanced in efficiency, compactness, and application through the introduction of multilayer nanopatterned structures for manipulation of light based on its fundamental properties. High transmission multispectral imaging is elusive due to the commonplace use of filter arrays which discard most of the incident light. Further, given the challenges of miniaturizing optical systems, most cameras do not leverage the wealth of information in polarization and spatial degrees of freedom. Optical metamaterials can respond to these electromagnetic properties but have been explored primarily in single-layer geometries, limiting their performance and multifunctional capacity. Here we use advanced two-photon lithography to realize multilayer scattering structures that achieve highly nontrivial optical transformations intended to process light just before it reaches a focal plane array. Computationally optimized multispectral and polarimetric sorting devices are fabricated with submicron feature sizes and experimentally validated in the mid-infrared. A final structure shown in simulation redirects light based on its angular momentum. These devices demonstrate that with precise 3-dimensional nanopatterning, one can directly modify the scattering properties of a sensor array to create advanced imaging systems.
Functional variants identify sex-specific genes and pathways in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bourquard Thomas , Lee Kwanghyuk , Al-Ramahi Ismael , Pham Minh , Shapiro Dillon , Lagisetty Yashwanth , Soleimani Shirin , Mota Samantha , Wilhelm Kevin , Samieinasab Maryam , Kim Young Won , Huh Eunna , Asmussen Jennifer , Katsonis Panagiotis , Botas Juan , Lichtarge Olivier 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe incidence of Alzheimer’s Disease in females is almost double that of males. To search for sex-specific gene associations, we build a machine learning approach focused on functionally impactful coding variants. This method can detect differences between sequenced cases and controls in small cohorts. In the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project with mixed sexes, this approach identified genes enriched for immune response pathways. After sex-separation, genes become specifically enriched for stress-response pathways in male and cell-cycle pathways in female. These genes improve disease risk prediction in silico and modulate Drosophila neurodegeneration in vivo. Thus, a general approach for machine learning on functionally impactful variants can uncover sex-specific candidates towards diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.