bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of tobacco shred point cloud and 3-D measurement based on improved PointNet++ network with DTC algorithm
Authors: Wang Yihang , Zheng Haiwei , Yang Jie , Wang Yan , Wang Li , Niu Qunfeng 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionThe three dimensions of the tobacco silk components (cut stem, tobacco silk, reconstituted tobacco shred, and expanded tobacco silk) of cigarettes directly affect cigarette combustibility; by accurately measuring the dimensions of different tobacco silks in cigarettes, it is possible to optimize combustibility and reduce the production of harmful substances. Identifying the components of tobacco shred in cigarettes is a prerequisite for three-dimensional measurement. The two-dimensional image method can identify the tobacco shred and measure its two-dimensional characteristics but cannot determine its thickness. This study therefore focuses on the identification of the tobacco shred and measuring it in three dimensions.MethodsThe point cloud data of the upper and lower surfaces of tobacco shred are segmented using the improved three-dimensional point cloud segmentation model based on the PointNet++ network. This model combines the weighted cross-entropy loss function to enhance the classification effect, the cosine annealing algorithm to optimize the training process, and the improved k-nearest neighbors multi-scale grouping method to enhance the model’s ability to segment the point cloud with complex morphology. Meanwhile, this study also proposes a dimension transformation calculation method for calculating the three dimensions of tobacco shred.ResultsThe experimental results show that the precision and recall of the improved segmentation model increased from 84.27% and 83.63% to 95.13% and 97.68%, respectively; the relative errors of the length and width of tobacco shred were less than 5% and 7%, and the relative error of the standard gauge block thickness measurement reached 1.12%.DiscussionThis study also provides a new idea for implementing three-dimensional measurements of other flexible materials.
The global burden of otitis media in 204 countries and territories from 1992 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021
Authors: Huang Guan-Jiang , Lin Bao-Rui , Li Pei-Shan , Tang Na , Fan Zhi-Jun , Lu Biao-Qing 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThis study aims to analyze the global burden of otitis media and predict future trends using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021).Study designA cross-sectional analysis of GBD 2021 results was conducted.MethodsAge-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates (ASDR) were calculated. Trend analysis was conducted using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), Joinpoint regression, age-period-cohort, and decomposition analyses. Future projections were generated using Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) and auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models.ResultsThe global incidence of otitis media rose from 322.1 million cases in 1992 to 391.3 million in 2021, with ASIR increasing slightly from 5345.09 to 5529.1 per 100,000 (EAPC: 0.11%). Despite this increase, the ASPR decreased from 1786.56 to 1593.74 (EAPC: -0.43%). DALYs increased from 2.16 million to 2.48 million; however, ASDR declined from 37.68 to 32.54 per 100,000 (EAPC: −0.51%). Notably, low and low-middle SDI regions showed significant disparities, with higher ASIRs (up to 5315.08 for males) but declining trends in ASPR. Regionally, East Asia exhibited the most substantial decline in ASPR (−1.14%) and ASDR (−1.22%), while Central Sub-Saharan Africa demonstrated stable ASDR. Future projections indicate a rising ASIR and declining ASPR and ASDR through 2036.ConclusionThe global burden of otitis media shows significant regional disparities, with stable incidence but declining prevalence and DALYs rate. Public health interventions have been effective in higher SDI regions, but targeted efforts are needed in low and low-middle SDI regions to further reduce the burden of otitis media.
Gender-specific dual effects of physical activity on depression and mortality: a nine-year cohort study in Chinese adults aged 45 and above
Authors: Shan Dan , Yang Meina , Zhou Kunyan 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundRegular participation in physical activity (PA) reduces all-cause mortality (ACM) in the general population. However, the effects of PA on depressed patients and potential gender-specific responses have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PA on new-onset depression and ACM in Chinese adults aged 45 year and older, with particular emphasis on gender differences.MethodsThis was a longitudinal cohort study that took place over a nine-year period and featured 2,264 participants drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). PA levels were categorized into quartiles using metabolic equivalents (MET; minutes/week), and depression was evaluated according to the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) scale. Specific relationships between PA, depression, and mortality were then investigated by applying multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsHighest quantile levels of PA were correlated with a 37% increase in the risk of new-onset depression in middle-aged (45–59 years) and older adults (&gt;60 years). This association was predominantly influenced by a significant increase in the risk of mild depression (a score of 10–14 on the CESD-10) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–2.42, p &lt; 0.001), with a more pronounced effect observed in women (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.26–2.66, p = 0.002). A critical threshold for PA was identified at 4536 MET-minutes/week, beyond which the risk of depression increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, higher levels of PA were linked to a 90% reduction in ACM (HR: 0.10; 95% CI: 0.02–0.44, p = 0.002), with the effect being more pronounced in men.ConclusionWhile PA reduces mortality, excessive activity may increase the risk of mild depression, particularly in women. These findings highlight the need for gender-specific PA guidelines that balance physical and mental health outcomes.
Engaging the private sector as part of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis service delivery in Vietnam: a comparative analysis of uptake, persistence and HIV seroconversion from 2018 to 2023
Authors: Vu Bao Ngoc , Green Kimberly , Phan Huong , Tran Long , Phan Phuong , Tran Tham , Doan Linh , Vu Yen , Pham Chau , Nguyen Dao , Doan Anh , Ngo Trang , Tran Phuong , Nguyen Vuong , Nguyen Bieu , Phan Thai , Nguyen Ha 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundIn Vietnam, PrEP was introduced in 2017 and scaled up from 2019. Private sector engagement (PSE) in PrEP service delivery was deployed as a strategy from the start to increase PrEP access. We assessed the effectiveness of this approach to inform ongoing efforts to accelerate epidemic control by 2030.MethodsWe implemented a process evaluation with longitudinal design using retrospective programmatic data collected and uploaded onto a secure online system (HMED) from 23 public and 17 private PrEP clinics in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), and Dong Nai. We measured the effectiveness of PrEP service delivery by PrEP initiation/reinitiation, uptake, persistence, discontinuation, and HIV seroconversion. We used the Kaplan-Meier time-to-event approach to estimate PrEP persistence and mixed-effects logistic regression analysis to assess factors associated with the PrEP persistence.ResultsFrom October 2017 to September 2023, 29,944 individuals initiated PrEP, and among these, 79.3% started PrEP at a private sector clinic while 20.7% initiated in a public sector clinic. The median duration of PrEP use persistence at private clinics was significantly longer than that at public clinics (268 days vs. 148 days, respectively). Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis results indicated a significant statistical association between PrEP persistence for at least three months and initiating PrEP at a private clinic [adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 4.28; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.96–6.19], opting for TelePrEP (aOR = 3.42; 95% CI: 2.12–5.53), or being 20 years of age or older (aOR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.62–2.13). HIV seroconversion was significantly lower among PrEP users at private clinics compared to public clinics (0.03 vs. 0.13 per 100 person-years, respectively; p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionOffering choice in PrEP service delivery options is essential to increase access and uptake. Private-sector PrEP providers play a pivotal role in increasing PrEP uptake and coverage in Vietnam, and will be critical to delivery of new long-acting options.
An 8-week physical exercise intervention for e'athletes improves physical performance rather than short-term esports performance parameters - a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wachholz Felix , Gamper Nicole , Schnitzer Martin 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionEsports have been suggested to enhance hand-eye coordination, fine motor skills, and reaction times. While physical exercise is known to improve these abilities, its impact on short-term esports performance is under-researched. This study aims to evaluate the effects of specific and general physical training on gaming performance, hypothesizing improvements in both physical and gaming-related variables.MethodsBaseline and follow-up tests measured global coordination, grip strength, Aimlabs performance, single and 4-fold reaction times, and anticipation. Participants completed a weekly and an ending questionnaire. Twenty-eight participants (12.3 ± 10.1 h gaming/week) were assigned to specific (N = 10), general (N = 9), and no training (N = 9) groups for an 8-week intervention. Variable changes over time and between groups were analyzed using a repeated measures ANCOVA.ResultsTraining significantly improved the overall coordination of those participants engaging in physical training compared to the control group [F(2,25) = 3.858, p = 0.035, η2 = 0.236]. Grip strength also showed significant improvement [F(2,25) = 6.084, p = 0.007, η2 = 0.327]. There were no significant time or group effects for the gaming variables, but the hours played by participants positively influenced Grid Shot [F(1,24) = 4.746, p = 0.039, η2 = 0.165] and Track Point [F(1,24) = 9.613, p = 0.005, η2 = 0.286] performance. The weekly questionnaire indicated a significant improvement in participants' well-being.DiscussionWhile training improved physical variables, no effects were observed in suggested short-term performance. However, gaming hours and experience during the intervention positively influenced performance. Future research should consider the amount of time spent playing as it may affect short-term performance. Furthermore, future research should strive to differentiate between various types of esports performance, such as short-term vs. long-term outcomes. Participants reported that engaging in physical activity within the context of esports and gaming positively contributed to their overall well-being.
Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT06264375).
Citizens' acceptance and use of new technology: the case of improved fuel in Ulaanbaatar
Authors: Batkhuyag Undrakh 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionIn accordance with the government's pollution reduction policy, this study examines the acceptance and usage of improved fuel in a mandatory situation among citizens in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The city struggles with air pollution due to high coal consumption, especially in its Ger districts.MethodsUtilizing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, the research explores the determinants influencing the behavioral intention and actual use of improved fuel. The study integrates additional factors, namely environmental impact, risk perception, and autonomous as well as controlled motivation, into the UTAUT framework. Data was collected through a cross-sectional online survey of 198 adult residents.ResultsThe study identified performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence as significant predictors of intention to adopt improved fuel. Performance expectancy had the strongest positive effect, while social influence negatively impacted intention, reflecting citizens' disapproval of improved fuel. Intention significantly predicted actual usage, but facilitating conditions were insignificant, likely due to the mandatory context. Autonomous motivation positively influenced intentions, highlighting the importance of understanding benefits. Controlled motivation, environmental impacts, and risks showed no significant effects.ConclusionThe findings underscore the importance of targeted policies and public awareness in enhancing the adoption of cleaner technologies to mitigate air pollution and improve public health in the city.
In Vitro Characterization of Probiotic Strains Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus durans and Their Effect on Broiler Chicken Performance and Immune Response During Salmonella Enteritidis Infection
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Revathi , Khochamit Nalisa , Selvaraj Ramesh K. , Mortada Mohammad , Siripornadulsil Surasak , Siripornadulsil Wilailak 
Published: January 2025

In vitro experiments were conducted to characterize the effect of bile salt supplementation and pH on the proliferation of Bacillus subtilis CE330 and Enterococcus durans CH33 probiotics and in vivo experiments on production performance, cecal Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) load, and the immune response of broilers. A one-way ANOVA was used to examine the effect of bile and pH on probiotic species proliferation. B. subtilis. CE330 was more tolerant to high bile concentrations and pH levels compared to E. durans CH33. Bile concentrations between 3.0 and 4.0% and a pH range between 2 and 4 decreased (p < 0.05) the proliferation of E. durans CH33. In vitro, cell-free supernatants (CFSs) of B. subtilis CE330 and E. durans CH33 at a ratio of 1:1 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced S. Enteritidis proliferation, with the highest inhibition observed at a 5:1 ratio of E. durans CH33 CFS. The cultures of B. subtilis CE330 and E. durans CH33 with 4% bile salt for 72 h had a higher proline concentration of 56.95 (13.1-fold) and 20.09 (2.5-fold) µmol/g of fresh weight, respectively. A total of 144 one-day-old male Cobb broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four treatment groups—basal diet, basal diet + challenge, probiotics (B. subtilis CE330 and E. durans CH33, 0.5 g/kg feed), and probiotics + challenge in six replications. On day 14, birds in the challenge treatment were orally challenged with 1 × 108 CFU of S. Enteritidis. A two-way ANOVA was used to examine the effects of probiotic supplementation and Salmonella challenge on dependent variables after 10 d post-Salmonella infection. Probiotic supplementation did not alter the body weight gain, the feed conversion ratio, the intestinal histomorphology (p > 0.05), or IL-1β and IL-10 gene expression (p > 0.05) at 10 dpi. However, probiotic supplementation decreased the Salmonella load by 38% compared to the control group. In conclusion, B. subtilis CE330 and E. durans CH33 reduced cecal S. Enteritidis load by 38%, thereby demonstrating their potential as probiotic interventions to enhance food safety and serve as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry. Hence, when developing multi-strain probiotic formulations, it is essential to emphasize the biocompatibility of various strains within the host system.
انعكاس الإشاعة الرقمية على الصحة النفسية لدى الشباب الفلسطيني في محافظة طولكرم دراسة ميدانية لعينة من الشباب بدولة فلسطين
Authors: HEJAZI Nathmieh Fakhry Khalel 
Published: January 2025

هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى انعكاس الإشاعة الرقمية على الصحة النفسية لدى الشباب الفلسطيني في محافظة طولكرم، تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، وأداة الدراسة الاستبيان، وبلغت العينة (450) مبحوث، وكان من أهم النتائج أن درجة انعكاس الإشاعة الرقمية على الصحة النفسية لدى الشباب الفلسطيني في محافظة طولكرم مرتفعة حيث بلغت قيمة متوسط النسبة المئوية الكلية لاستجابة المبحوثين على جميع الفقرات (82.35%)، كما بينت النتائج وجود فروق تعزى لمتغيرات (الجنس، العمر)، في حين لم تجد فروق تعزى لمتغير (الحالة الاجتماعية). وفي ضوء النتائج تم تقديم جملة من التوصيات منها: تعزيز الوعي بمخاطر الإشاعات الرقمية وتأثيرها على الصحة النفسية، تقديم الدعم النفسي والاجتماعي للأفراد الذين يعانون من تأثير الإشاعات الرقمية على صحتهم النفسية، وذلك من خلال توجيههم إلى مراكز الدعم النفسي المتاحة.
ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ БИЗНЕСА
Authors: С.Н. Брускин , О.В. Китова 
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются подходы, модели и инструменты цифровой трансформации корпораций, крупных и средних предприятий. Рассмотрены изменения в управлении бизнесом с учетом глобальных технологических трендов, проведен анализ результатов исследований в данной области. Показано влияние цифровой трансформации на бизнес-модель компании и ее бизнес-процессы. Представлена концептуальная цифровая модель корпоративного управления на основе продвинутой бизнес-аналитики.
The article considers digital transformation frameworks, models and tools for corporations, big and middle companies. Requirements for corporate management are formulated considering global technological trends, results of modern research in this field are analyzed. Digital transformation influence on company business model and its business processes is discussed. A conceptual digital model of corporate management system is presented based on advanced business analytics.
ЭКОНОМИКА СВЯЗЕЙ И ИНТЕРНЕТ ОБЪЕКТОВ (МОДЕЛЕЙ)
Authors: А.О. Гурдус 
Published: January 2025

Проект создания единого цифрового пространства экономик появился в СССР еще до начала работ над ARPANET (предтечей интернета). Но ведомственная разобщенность помешала его реализации. Сегодняшнее состояние информационных технологий, развитие интернета и цифровой экономики позволяет говорить о формировании «экономики связей», рост которой базируется на возможности формирования новых связей между экономическими объектами. Минимизация стоимости связей достигается при трансформации глобального сервиса интернета страниц в глобальный сервис интернета объектов (моделей), который может стать основой единого пространства цифровой экономики.
The project of creation of uniform digital space of economies has appeared in the USSR even prior to works on ARPANET (the forerunner of the Internet). But the departmental dissociation has interfered with his realization. Todays condition of information technologies, development of the Internet and digital economy allows to tell economies of communications which growth is based on a possibility of formation of new communications between economic objects about formation. Minimization of cost of communications is reached at transformation of global service of the Internet of pages in global service of the Internet of objects (models) which can become a basis of uniform space of digital economy.
ОБ ОНТОЛОГИИ В ФИЛОСОФИИ, В НАУКЕ, В ИНФОРМАТИКЕ
Authors: В.В. Шевченко 
Published: January 2025

Этимологически термин «онтология» означает «учение о сущем» и может быть раскрыт как «Философское учение об общих категориях и закономерностях бытия, существующее в единстве с теорией познания и логикой» (Википедия и не только). В связи с чем возникает естественный вопрос: «Что есть сущее?» В различных философских традициях ответ на этот «детский» вопрос ищется по-разному.
Etymologically the term ontology means the doctrine about real and can be opened as The philosophical doctrine about the general categories and regularities of life existing in unity with the theory of knowledge and logic (Wikipedia and not only). In this connection there is a natural question: What there is real In various philosophical traditions the answer to this childrens question is looked for differently. The article proposes a global space information system based on space information nodes from small spacecrafts (MCAs), united in a single digital information field (space bus). The goal of the system is to ensure the globality, continuity, efficiency and survivability of clusters of space systems. The urgency of creating a system is justified. A modern state of research in this area is described. Technologies are shown that need to be worked out for practical implementation of the system. The efficiency and competitiveness of the system is assessed.
ДЕЦЕНТРАЛИЗОВАННЫЕ АВТОНОМНЫЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ: НОВЫЙ ПУТЬ К ПРИНЯТИЮ РЕШЕНИЙ
Authors: В.А. Кондырев 
Published: January 2025

Новая технология и форма управления организацией, ставшие возможными благодаря развитию криптографии, - децентрализованная автономная организация (ДАО). В статье приведено описание архитектуры и эволюции ДАО в рамках теоретико-игровой модели. Проанализированы существующие организации, носящие статус ДАО, и описаны основные регулирующие их механизмы в терминах контрактов. В результате выделены основные проблемные области ДАО. Предложен ряд подходов, в перспективе частично или полностью решающих проблемы развития ДАО.
The new technology as well as the new way to manage the organization are available due to the development of cryptography - decentralized autonomous organization (DAO). The article describes the architecture and evolution of DAO within the game-theoretic model. The existing organizations bearing the status of DAO are analyzed and the main regulatory mechanisms in terms of contracts are described. As a result, the main problem areas of DAO are identified. A number of approaches are proposed with these approaches partially or completely solving the problems of DAO development in the long run.
КАК НАМ ПОСТРОИТЬ ЦИФРОВУЮ СТРАНУ
Authors: А.В. Самарин 
Published: January 2025

Системный подход позволяет избежать многих ошибок и дублирования, сэкономить ресурсы при построении Цифровой Страны, которая должна появиться в результате исполнения соответствующего указа Президента РФ. Важность исполнения этого указа, системная основа и предлагаемый подход к реализации обсуждаются в настоящей статье.
The system approach excludes a number of errors, duplication of works and rational resources management when building a Digital Country. The Digital Country is expected to appear as a result of Russian President’s decree implementation. We discuss an importance of implementation, underlying system approach in this article as well as suggest some necessary steps to build the Digital Country.