bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫХ СИТУАЦИИ НА ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОМ ТРАНСПОРТЕ ТЕМІР ЖОЛ КӨЛІГІНДЕГІ ТӨТЕНШЕ ЖАҒДАЙЛАРДЫ ЖОЮҒА БӨЛІНЕТІН ҚАРЖЫ-МАТЕРИАЛДЫҚ РЕСУРСТАРДЫ БӨЛУ ЖӨНІНДЕ ШЕШІМДЕР ҚАБЫЛДАУДЫ ҚОЛДАУ ЖҮЙЕЛЕРІНЕ АРНАЛҒАН ҮЛГІ
Authors: Б.С. АХМЕТОВ, , А.Х. АБУОВА, 
Published: January 2023

Уменьшить масштабы негативных последствий техногенных аварий или чрезвычайных ситуаций на железнодорожном транспорте, можно путем оптимизации процессов принятия решений. Это относиться как к доаварийному периоду, так и непосредственно к моменту ликвидации последствий аварии или чрезвычайных ситуации. Достаточным условием для принятия качественного решения, в данной ситуации может стать применение интеллектуализированных систем поддержки принятия решений в задачах ликвидации последствий техногенных аварии или чрезвычайных ситуаций на железнодорожном транспорте. Актуальной задачей остается разработка для подобных автоматизированных систем поддержки принятия решений соответствующих методик и программного обеспечения, базирующихся на структуризации задач, моделях и методах их решения.
Шешім қабылдау процестерін оңтайландыру арқылы техногендік авариялардың немесе теміржол көлігіндегі төтенше жағдайлардың теріс салдарын азайтуға болады. Бұл аварияға дейінгі кезеңге де, сондай-ақ тікелей аварияның немесе төтенше жағдайдың салдарын жою кезіне де қатысты. Мұндай жағдайда сапалы шешім қабылдау үшін темір жол көлігіндегі техногендік авариялардың немесе төтенше жағдайлардың салдарын жою міндеттерінде шешімдер қабылдауды қолдаудың зияткерлендірілген жүйелерін қолдану жеткілікті шарт болуы мүмкін. Мәселелерді құрылымдауға, модельдерге және оларды шешу әдістеріне негізделген тиісті әдістер мен бағдарламалық қамтамасыздандырудың осындай автоматтандырылған шешім қабылдау жүйелерін жасау өзекті міндет болып қала береді.
It is possible to reduce the scale of negative consequences of man-made accidents or emergencies in railway transport by optimizing decision-making processes. This applies both to the pre-accident period, and directly to the time of elimination of the consequences of an accident or emergency. A sufficient condition for making a high-quality decision in this situation can be the use of intelligent decision support systems in the tasks of eliminating the consequences of man-made accidents or emergencies in railway transport. The development of appropriate methods and software for such automated decision support systems based on the structuring of tasks, models and methods of their solution remains an urgent task.
NGHIÊN CỨU TÌNH HÌNH, KIẾN THỨC, THÁI ĐỘ, THỰC HÀNH VỀ PHÒNG NGỪA LÂY NHIỄM VI RÚT VIÊM GAN B Ở PHỤ NỮ MANG THAI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN VŨNG TÀU NĂM 2021-2022
Authors: Trần Thị Bảo Anh 
Published: January 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Viêm gan B (VGB) là vấn đề sức khỏe cộng đồng toàn cầu quan trọng. Việt Nam là nước có tỉ lệ người viêm gan B cao ước tính 10,8%, lây truyền từ mẹ sang con là chủ yếu. Nghiên cứu tỉ lệ có kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành về phòng ngừa lây nhiễm HBV ở phụ nữ có thai, tỉ lệ nhiễm HBV ở thai phụ tuổi 18-45 và các đặc điểm liên quan. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Xác định tỉ lệ có kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành về phòng ngừa lây nhiễm vi rút viêm gan B ở phụ nữ mang thai tại bệnh viện Vũng Tàu, tỉ lệ nhiễm HBV và một số yếu tố liên quan. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Phương pháp cắt ngang mô tả có phân tích. Kết quả: Tỉ lệ HBsAg(+) ở phụ nữ mang thai là 7,7%; tỉ lệ có kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành đúng về phòng ngừa lây nhiễm HBV lần lượt là 56,8%, 90,7%; và 47,0%. Đối tượng là cán bộ viên chức, độ tuổi 25-34, và học vấn cấp 3 trở lên có tỉ lệ cao về thái độ, kiến thức và thực hành đúng về phòng ngừa lây nhiễm viêm gan B. Kết luận: Tỉ lệ kiến thức, thái độ, thực hành chung đúng về phòng ngừa vi rút viêm gan B lần lượt là 56,8%, 90,7% và 47,0%. Tỉ lệ thai phụ nhiễm vi rút viêm gan B tại Bệnh viện Vũng Tàu 7,7%. Không có mối liên quan giữa nghề nghiệp, trình độ học vấn và điều kiện kinh tế với tỉ lệ nhiễm vi rút viêm gan B. Thai phụ ở độ tuổi 35-45 có tỉ lệ lây nhiễm vi rút viêm gan B cao hơn 3,3 lần so với nhóm 18-34 tuổi và mối liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê với p=0,02.
Evaluation of Faculty Parental Leave Policies at Medical Schools Ranked by US News & World Report in 2020
Authors: Slostad Jessica , Jain Shikha , McKinnon Marie , Chokkara Sukarn , Laiteerapong Neda 
Published: January 2023

ImportancePhysician parents, particularly women, are more likely to experience burnout, poor family-career balance, adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, and stigmatization compared with nonparent colleagues. Because many physicians delay child-rearing due to the rigorous demands of medical training, favorable parental leave policies for faculty physicians are crucial to prevent physician workforce attrition.ObjectiveTo evaluate paid and unpaid parental leave policies at medical schools ranked by US News &amp;amp; World Report in 2020 and identify factors associated with leave policies.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional national study was performed at US medical schools reviewed from December 1, 2019, through May 31, 2020, and February 1 through March 31, 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All medical schools ranked by US News &amp;amp; World Report in 2020 were included.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the number of weeks of paid and unpaid leave for birth, nonbirth, adoption, and foster care physician parents. Institutional policies for the number of weeks of leave and requirements to use vacation, sick, or disability leave were characterized. Institutional factors were evaluated for association with the duration of paid parental leave using χ2 tests.ResultsAmong the 90 ranked medical schools, 87 had available data. Sixty-three medical schools (72.4%) had some paid leave for birth mothers, but only 13 (14.9%) offered 12 weeks of fully paid leave. While 11 medical schools (12.6%) offered 12 weeks of full paid leave for nonbirth parents, 38 (43.7%) had no paid leave for nonbirth parents. Adoptive and foster parents had no paid leave in 35 (40.2%) and 65 (74.7%) medical schools, respectively. Median paid parental leave was 4 (IQR, 0-8) weeks for birth parents, 4 (IQR, 0-6) weeks for adoptive parents, 3 (IQR, 0-6) weeks for nonbirth parents, and 0 (IQR, 0-1) weeks for foster parents. About one-third of medical schools required birth mothers to use vacation (29 [33.3%]), sick leave (31 [35.6%]), or short-term disability (9 [10.3%]). Among institutional characteristics, higher ranking (top vs bottom quartile: 30.4% vs 4.0%; P = .03) and private designation (private vs public, 23.5% vs 9.4%; P &amp;lt; .001) was associated with a higher rate of 12 weeks of paid leave for birth mothers.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional national study of medical schools ranked by US News &amp;amp; World Report in 2020, many physician faculty receive no or very limited paid parental leave. The lack of paid parental leave was associated with higher rates of physician burnout and work-life integration dissatisfaction and may further perpetuate sex, racial and ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in academic medicine.
Head Injury and Long-term Mortality Risk in Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Elser Holly , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Walter Alexa E. , Coresh Josef , Diaz-Arrastia Ramon , Mosley Thomas H. , Schneider Andrea L. C. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceHead injury is associated with significant short-term morbidity and mortality. Research regarding the implications of head injury for long-term survival in community-dwelling adults remains limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of head injury with long-term all-cause mortality risk among community-dwelling adults, with consideration of head injury frequency and severity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included participants with and without head injury in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, an ongoing prospective cohort study with follow-up from 1987 through 2019 in 4 US communities in Minnesota, Maryland, North Carolina, and Mississippi. Of 15 792 ARIC participants initially enrolled, 1957 were ineligible due to self-reported head injury at baseline; 103 participants not of Black or White race and Black participants at the Minnesota and Maryland field centers were excluded due to race-site aliasing; and an additional 695 participants with missing head injury date or covariate data were excluded, resulting in 13 037 eligible participants.ExposuresHead injury frequency and severity, as defined via self-report in response to interview questions and via hospital-based International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes (with head injury severity defined in the subset of head injury cases identified using these codes). Head injury was analyzed as a time-varying exposure.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAll-cause mortality was ascertained via linkage to the National Death Index. Data were analyzed between August 5, 2021, and October 23, 2022.ResultsMore than one-half of participants were female (57.7%; 42.3% men), 27.9% were Black (72.1% White), and the median age at baseline was 54 years (IQR, 49-59 years). Median follow-up time was 27.0 years (IQR, 17.6-30.5 years). Head injuries occurred among 2402 participants (18.4%), most of which were classified as mild. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality among individuals with head injury was 1.99 (95% CI, 1.88-2.11) compared with those with no head injury, with evidence of a dose-dependent association with head injury frequency (1 head injury: HR, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.56-1.77]; 2 or more head injuries: HR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.89-2.37]) and severity (mild: HR, 2.16 [95% CI, 2.01-2.31]; moderate, severe, or penetrating: HR, 2.87 [95% CI, 2.55-3.22]). Estimates were similar by sex and race, with attenuated associations among individuals aged 54 years or older at baseline.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this community-based cohort with more than 3 decades of longitudinal follow-up, head injury was associated with decreased long-term survival time in a dose-dependent manner, underscoring the importance of measures aimed at prevention and clinical interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality due to head injury.
Antioxidase‐Like Nanobiocatalysts with Ultrafast and Reversible Redox‐Centers to Secure Stem Cells and Periodontal Tissues
Authors: Guo Jiusi , Xing Zhenyu , Liu Luchang , Sun Yimin , Zhou Hongju , Bai Mingru , Liu Xikui , Adeli Mohsen , Cheng Chong , Han Xianglong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExploration of efficient antioxidase‐like reactive oxygen nanobiocatalysts (ROBCs) is a major challenge in combating oxidative stress‐related diseases. Herein, the molecularly well‐defined Ru‐porphyrin‐networks (Ru‐Por‐Net)‐based ROBCs with ultrafast and reversible redox‐centers for catalytic elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reported. Owing to the large π‐conjugated networks, Ru–N coordination structures, and unique electronic and redox properties of atomic Ru sites, the Ru‐Por‐Net‐based ROBCs exhibit exceptional catalytic ROS‐scavenging activities. It is considerably more efficient than recently reported state‐of‐the‐art anti‐ROS biocatalysts. Notably, a new nucleophilic attack pathway to eliminate H2O2 and produce O2 is proposed via theoretical calculations, and the desorption of the OO* process is identified as the rate‐determining step of atomic Ru centers. Cellular studies reveal that the new ROBCs can efficiently secure the survival, adhesion, spreading, and differentiation of the stem cells in high‐ROS‐level microenvironments. In vivo rat periodontitis treatments further demonstrate their superior anti‐ROS therapeutic effects. This study provides significant insights into the crucial functions of Ru–N coordinated porphyrin‐networks in catalytic ROS‐scavenging and offers a new strategy to engineer high‐performance antioxidase‐like nanobiocatalysts for stem cell‐based therapies and inflammatory diseases.
Catching the Killer: Dynamic Disorder Design Rules for Small‐Molecule Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Dettmann Makena A. , Cavalcante Lucas S. R. , Magdaleno Corina A. , Moulé Adam J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSmall‐molecule organic semiconductors are promising materials for applications ranging from solar cells to medical sensors. Their nearly infinite design space means that, in theory, it is possible to tailor the material to the exact specifications of a particular application. In reality; however, design rules to improve mobility (μ) remain elusive because of the complex calculations required to understand its limiters. Transient localization theory posits that charge carriers are slowed down by the collective phonon motions, called dynamic disorder, which localize charge carriers temporarily. Traditionally, a mode‐by‐mode analysis is performed to try and identify “killer” modes. Herein, the flaws are demonstrated with this analysis and present a streamlined simulation workflow that simplifies simulation of dynamic disorder and enables engineering of new molecular structures based on phonon dynamics. This workflow is combined with a novel visualization technique that enables per‐atom insights into how μ is limited. This workflow is applied and analyzed to a series of ‐acenes and a series of BTBT‐based molecules. Then design rules are identified in each series that identify possible ways to improve the μ beyond current experimental limits using phonon engineering.
MoxWx–1S2 Nanotubes for Advanced Field Emission Application
Authors: Pirker Luka , Ławrowski Robert , Schreiner Rupert , Remškar Maja , Višić Bojana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanotubes complement the field of low‐dimensional materials with their quasi‐1D morphology and a wide set of intriguing properties. By introducing different transition metals into the crystal structure, their properties can be tailored for specific purpose and applications. Herein, the characterization and a subsequent preparation of single‐nanotube field emission devices of MoxWx‐1S2 nanotubes prepared via the chemical vapor transport reaction is presented. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction indicate that the molybdenum and tungsten atoms are randomly distributed within the crystal structure and that the material is highly crystalline. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction (ED) patterns further corroborate these findings. A detailed analysis of the ED patterns from an eight‐layer nanotube reveal that the nanotubes grow in the 2H structure, with each shell consists of one bilayer. The work function of the nanotubes is comparable to that of pure MoS2 and lower of pure WS2 NTs, making them ideal candidates for field emission applications. Two devices with different geometrical setup are prepared and tested as field emitters, showing promising results for single nanotube field emission applications.
Optimizing the Oxygen‐Catalytic Performance of Zn–Mn–Co Spinel by Regulating the Bond Competition at Octahedral Sites
Authors: Wang Zepan , Wu Peiyuan , Zou Xubing , Wang Sheng , Du Lei , Ouyang Ting , Liu Zhao‐Qing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBy using the more electro‐negative Mn3+ ion to partially replace Co3+ at the octahedral site of spinel ZnCo2O4, i.e., forming ternary Zn–Mn–Co spinel oxide, the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction/evolution activity is found to be significantly increased. Considering the physical characterization and theoretical calculations, it demonstrated that the bond competition played a key role in regulating the cobalt valence state and the electrocatalytic activity. The partial replacement of octahedral‐site‐occupied Co3+ by Mn3+ can effectively modulate the adjacent Co–O bond and induce the Jahn–Teller effect, thus changing the originally stable crystal structure and optimizing the binding strength between the active center and reaction intermediates. Certainly, the Mn‐substituted ZnMn1.4Co0.6O4/NCNTs exhibit higher electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity than that of ZnCo2O4/NCNTs and ZnMn2O4/NCNTs, supporting that the Co–O bond covalency determines the ORR activity of spinel ZnCo2O4. This study offers the competition between adjacent Co–O and Mn–O bonds via the BOh–O–BOh edge‐sharing geometry. The ion substitution at octahedral sites by less electronegative cations can be a new and effective way to improve the electrocatalytic performance of cobalt‐based spinel oxides.
Quantitative SERS Analysis by Employing Janus Nanoparticles with Internal Standards
Authors: Li Guoqun , Hao Qi , Li Mingze , Zhao Xing , Song Wenzhe , Fan Xingce , Qiu Teng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), a powerful analysis technique featuring ultrahigh sensitivity and the ability in chemically specific detection, has encountered intrinsic challenges in quantitative analysis due to the signal heterogeneity arising from sample preparation, molecular distribution, and experimental conditions. Herein, the plasmonic Janus nanoparticle, which is curved on one side and flat on the other, as a universal platform for quantitative analysis is proposed. The probe molecules are adsorbed on the curved side as internal standards to correct the signal fluctuation while the target molecules are adsorbed on the flat side for SERS measurement, and thus competitive adsorption between different molecules is prevented. Moreover, the Janus nanoparticles are partially embedded in a flexible and transparent membrane, enabling liquid‐state SERS measurement which is favorable to form a uniform self‐assembly molecular monolayer for quantitative SERS analysis. The quantitation of different biochemical molecules including Rhodamine 6G, crystal violet, and adenine are demonstrated, and an extension in linear response region for quantitative analysis is observed. The findings suggest a robust approach toward quantitative analysis.
Plasma‐Assisted Defect Engineering on p‐n Heterojunction for High‐Efficiency Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Liu Jiameng , He Linghao , Zhao Shuangrun , Li Sizhuan , Hu Lijun , Tian Jia‐Yue , Ding Junwei , Zhang Zhihong , Du Miao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA defect‐rich 2D p‐n heterojunction, CoxNi3‐x(HITP)2/BNSs‐P (HITP: 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaiminotriphenylene), is constructed using a semiconductive metal–organic framework (MOF) and boron nanosheets (BNSs) by in situ solution plasma modification. The heterojunction is an effective catalyst for the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) under ambient conditions. Interface engineering and plasma‐assisted defects on the p‐n CoxNi3‐x(HITP)2/BNSs‐P heterojunction led to the formation of both Co‐N3 and B…O dual‐active sites. As a result, CoxNi3‐x(HITP)2/BNSs‐P has a high NH3 yield of 128.26 ± 2.27 µg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 52.92 ± 1.83% in 0.1 m HCl solution. The catalytic mechanism for the eNRR is also studied by in situ FTIR spectra and DFT calculations. A CoxNi3‐x(HITP)2/BNSs‐P‐based Zn‐N2 battery achieved an unprecedented power output with a peak power density of 5.40 mW cm−2 and an energy density of 240 mA h gzn−1 in 0.1 m HCl. This study establishes an efficient strategy for the rational design, using defect and interfacial engineering, of advanced eNRR catalysts for ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions.
Engineering the Electronic Interaction between Atomically Dispersed Fe and RuO2 Attaining High Catalytic Activity and Durability Catalyst for Li‐O2 Battery
Authors: Lian Zheng , Lu Youcai , Zhao Shaoze , Li Zhongjun , Liu Qingchao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is significant to develop catalysts with high catalytic activity and durability to improve the electrochemical performances of lithium‐oxygen batteries (LOBs). While electronic metal‐support interaction (EMSI) between metal atoms and support has shown great potential in catalytic field. Hence, to effectively improve the electrochemical performance of LOBs, atomically dispersed Fe modified RuO2 nanoparticles are designed to be loaded on hierarchical porous carbon shells (FeSA‐RuO2/HPCS) based on EMSI criterion. It is revealed that the Ru‐O‐Fe1 structure is formed between the atomically dispersed Fe atoms and the surrounding Ru sites through electron interaction, and this structure could act as the ultra‐high activity driving force center of oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER). Specifically, the Ru‐O‐Fe1 structure enhances the reaction kinetics of ORR to a certain extent, and optimizes the morphology of discharge products by reducing the adsorption energy of catalyst for O2 and LiO2; while during the OER process, the Ru‐O‐Fe1 structure not only greatly enhances the reaction kinetics of OER, but also catalyzes the efficient decomposition of the discharge products Li2O2 by the favorable electron transfer between the active sites and the discharge products. Hence, LOBs based on FeSA‐RuO2/HPCS cathodes show an ultra‐low over‐potential, high discharge capacity and superior durability.
Dimeric Pillar[5]arene as a Novel Fluorescent Host for Controllable Fabrication of Supramolecular Assemblies and Their Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Wang Kaiya , Zhang Rongbo , Song Zejing , Zhang Kaituo , Tian Xueqi , Pangannaya Srikala , Zuo Minzan , Hu Xiao‐Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA dimeric fluorescent macrocycle m‐TPE Di‐EtP5 (meso‐tetraphenylethylene dimeric ethoxypillar[5]arene) is synthesized based on the meso‐functionalized ethoxy pillar[5]arene. Through the connectivity of two pillar[5]arenes by CC double bond, the central tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moiety is simultaneously formed. The resultant bicyclic molecule not only retains the host–guest properties of pillararenes but also introduces the interesting aggregation‐induced emission properties inherent in the embedded TPE structure. Three dinitrile derivatives with various linkers are designed as guests (G1, G2, and G3) to form host–guest assemblies with m‐TPE Di‐EtP5. The morphological control and fluorescence properties of the assemblies are successfully realized. G1 with a shorter alkyl chain as the linker completely threads into the cavities of the host. G2, due to its longer chain length, forms a linear supramolecular polymer upon binding to m‐TPE Di‐EtP5. G3 differs from G2 by possessing a bulky phenyl group in the middle of the chain, which can be further assembled with m‐TPE Di‐EtP5 to form supramolecular layered polymer and precipitated out in solution, and can be efficiently applied to photocatalytic reactions.
Effects of Oxygen Plasma Treatment on Fermi‐Level Pinning and Tunneling at the Metal–Semiconductor Interface of WSe2 FETs
Authors: Lee Kwangro , Ngo Tien Dat , Lee Sungwon , Shin Hoseong , Choi Min Sup , Hone James , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecently, 2D materials have been intensively investigated for their novel nanoelectronic applications; among these materials, tungsten diselenide (WSe2) is attracting substantial research interest due to its high mobility, sizable bandgap, and ambipolar characteristics. However, Fermi‐level pinning (FLP) at the metal–semiconductor contact is a critical issue preventing further integration of WSe2 to complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this study, a facile doping method of oxygen (O2) plasma treatment and an aging effect to overcome the FLP of WSe2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) are utilized. After aging, a reduction is observed in FLP on oxidized WSe2 FETs, along with a decrease in pinning factor (S) for holes from −0.06 to −0.36. Further, the field‐effect mobility of high‐ (Pd) and low‐ (In) work‐function contacted WSe2 devices indicates the presence of more improvement in high‐work‐function metal‐contacted p‐type WSe2 FETs, which further strengthens the Fermi level de‐pinning behavior attributed to the O2 plasma and aging processes. The existence of different tunneling behaviors of Pd and In devices also confirms the effect of O2 plasma doping into WSe2 FETs. Ultimately, this work demonstrates a simple and efficient method for achieving the de‐pinning of Fermi‐levels and modulating FLP of 2D FETs.