bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revised onset age of magnetochron M0r: Chronostratigraphic and geologic implications
Authors: Li Youjuan , Qin Huafeng , Jicha Brian R. , Huyskens Magdalena H. , Wall Corey J. , Trayler Robin B. , Yin Qing-Zhu , Schmitz Mark , Pan Yongxin , Deng Chenglong , Singer Brad S. , He Huaiyu , Zhu Rixiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The timing of the onset of magnetochron M0r and its duration are disputed, reflecting both a limited set of radioisotopic dates and uncertain magnetostratigraphic correlations. We present a chronostratigraphic framework for a reversed polarity interval based on two chronometers (40Ar/39Ar, U-Pb) and newly published paleomagnetic data from the Qingshan Group, Jiaolai Basin, China. Bayesian modeling of U-Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar sanidine dates suggests a minimum duration of 540 ± 37 k.y. (95% credible interval) for the reversed polarity interval. These findings are compatible with an astrochronologic age model for M-sequence seafloor magnetic anomalies, indicating that the reversely magnetized sediments correspond to magnetochron M0r rather than the shorter chron “M-1r.” Integration of U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar ages constrains the onset of M0r to 120.29 ± 0.09 Ma, which is ~1 m.y. younger than that inferred in the current geologic time scale (GTS 2020). This finding also implies that the Cretaceous normal superchron (CNS) began at 119.70 ± 0.12 Ma and that the average seafloor spreading rate during the CNS was ~3.5% higher than that inferred from GTS 2020. It also suggests that oceanic anoxic event 1a began at 119.40 ± 0.12 Ma, thereby providing an updated chronologic basis for exploring the primary trigger of this carbon cycle perturbation.
Prevalence and risk factors of chronic respiratory symptoms in public and private school teachers in north-western Ethiopia: results from a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Hailu Tesfaye Amensisa , Gebrehiwot Mulat , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Dessie Awrajaw 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic respiratory symptoms among school teachers in Gondar city, north-western Ethiopia.DesignA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019. A self-administered British Medical Research Council Questionnaire was used to assess chronic respiratory symptoms. Data were entered into Epi Info V.7 and Stata V.14 was used for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. The association was determined using adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI at a value of p<0.05.SettingThe study was conducted in public and private schools in Gondar city.ParticipantsA total of 822 teachers participated in this study.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome is the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms.ResultsThe total response rate was 97.4%. The majority, 532 (64.7%) of the participants, were male. The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 36.69 (±6.93) years. The total prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms in the previous 12 months among teachers in Gondar city was found to be 31.14% (95% CI 27.99% to 34.43%). A family history of respiratory problems (AOR=1.90; 95% CI 1.07 to 3.37), an overweight body mass index (AOR=2.57; 95% CI 1.57 to 4.21), exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke at home (AOR=9.85; 95% CI 4.77 to 20.33), use of chalk (AOR=1.97; 95% CI 1.25 to 3.09), and failure to open windows during class (AOR=2.15; 95% CI 1.02 to 4.52) were risk factors for chronic respiratory symptoms.ConclusionThis study concluded that the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was high among teachers. Making a smoking-free zone, avoiding smoking in public places, improving the ventilation conditions of the classrooms and controlling the chalk dust are all necessary actions to take to reduce chronic respiratory symptoms.
Diagnostic accuracy of cryptococcal antigen test in pulmonary cryptococcosis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Binghui , Lin Zehui , Li Jiachun , Jiang Rongbin , Zhan Weijie , Jian Xiaoyun 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) test was proposed as a rapid diagnostic tool to identify cryptococcal meningitis in patients suffering from AIDS. Several studies have demonstrated its diagnostic performance in cryptococcal meningitis. However, the diagnostic performance of the CrAg test in serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis remains uncertain. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review is to summarise the evidence concerning diagnostic performance of the CrAg test in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis.Methods and analysisDatabases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Wanfang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure will be searched systematically. The titles and abstracts will be reviewed by two independent reviewers. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool will be used to evaluate the risk of bias and clinical applicability of each study. Potential sources of heterogeneity will be investigated through visual inspection of the paired forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic plots. The pooled summary statistics for the area under the curve, sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratios and diagnostic ORs with 95% CI will be reported.Ethics and disseminationThe underlying study is based on published articles thus does not require ethical approval. The findings of the systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated in various scientific conferences and seminars.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022373321.
Hepatitis C testing among three distinct groups of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in the Celtic nations
Authors: Whiteley David , Strongylou Dimitra , Brown Sally , Vickerman Peter , Frankis Jamie Scott 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) is associated with sexual and drug-related behaviours. To stem the tide of HCV infection in GBMSM, regular testing leading to early diagnosis and treatment as prevention is vital. This study aimed to evaluate the success of current HCV testing guidelines from the perspective of GBMSM in four Celtic nations.MethodsSubpopulation analysis of data from the 2020 cross-sectional online SMMASH3 (social media, men who have sex with men, sexual and holistic health) survey was undertaken to examine HCV testing experiences and sexual behaviours among sexually active GBMSM (n=1886) stratified across three groups: HIV-diagnosed GBMSM (n=124); HIV-negative GBMSM using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (n=365); and HIV-negative/untested GBMSMnotusing PrEP (n=1397).ResultsSexual behaviours associated with HCV acquisition were reported by the majority of HIV-diagnosed (76.6%, n=95) and PrEP-using (93.2%, n=340) GBMSM. Reassuringly, recent testing for HCV in these groups was common, with 79.8% (n=99) and 80.5% (n=294) self-reporting HCV screening within the preceding year, respectively, mostly within sexual health settings. While 54.5% (n=762) of HIV-negative/untested GBMSM not using PrEP reported sexual behaviours associated with HCV, 52.0% had not been screened for HCV in the last year, despite almost half (48.0%, n=190) of unscreened men being in contact with sexual health services in the same period.ConclusionsSexual behaviours associated with HCV acquisition among HIV-diagnosed and PrEP-using GBMSM are common but complemented by regular HCV testing within sexual health services. Current testing guidelines for these groups appear to be effective and generally well observed. However, behaviour-based HCV testing for HIV-negative/untested GBMSMnotusing PrEP appears less effective and may undermine efforts to achieve HCV elimination. Accordingly, we need to increase HCV testing for these men in clinical settings and explore ways to screen those who are not in touch with sexual health services.
National longitudinal tobacco product discontinuation rates among US youth from the PATH Study: 2013–2019 (waves 1–5)
Authors: Kasza Karin A , Tang Zhiqun , Xiao Haijun , Marshall Daniela , Stanton Cassandra , Gross Amy , Jackson Kathy , Kelley Dannielle , Schroeder Megan , Vivar Juan , Hyland Andrew 
Published: April 2023

Objective
Determine longitudinal tobacco product discontinuation rates among youth (ages 12–17 years) in the USA between 2013 and 2019.

Methods
The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study, was used to determine annual/biennial rates of tobacco product discontinuation behaviours among youth across 2013–2019: (1) discontinuing product use (transition from past 30-day use to no past 30-day use), (2) attempting to quit product use and (3) discontinuing product use among those who attempted to quit. Discontinuing use was evaluated separately for cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), cigars, hookah, smokeless tobacco and any tobacco. Attempting to quit and discontinuing use among those who attempted were each evaluated for cigarettes and ENDS. Generalised estimating equations were used to evaluate linear and non-linear trends in rates across the study period.

Results
Between 2013 and 2019, biennial rates of discontinuing tobacco product use among youth increased for cigarettes from 29% to 40%, increased for smokeless tobacco from 39% to 60%, and decreased for ENDS from 53% to 27%. By 2018/2019, rates of discontinuing use among attempters were 30% for those who used ENDS and 30% for those who smoked cigarettes.

Conclusions
Findings show decreasing rates of discontinuing ENDS use among youth in the USA alongside the changing ENDS marketplace and increasing rates of discontinuing cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use. Findings will serve as benchmarks against which future tobacco product discontinuation rates can be compared with evaluating impacts of subsequent tobacco regulatory policies, ENDS product development and public education campaigns.
Self-reinforcing Mechanisms Driving the Evolution of the Chemical Space
Authors: Jost Jürgen , Restrepo Guillermo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chemistry is engaged with a subject that is not static but evolving in time, in chemical space, namely, the collection of all substances and reactions reported over time. If we accept that premise, we can identify the path dependencies and self-reinforcing mechanisms that determined its current space and selected it across historical alternatives. In particular, data analysis allows us to identify two crucial turning points. One was the introduction of structural theory in 1860, the other a technological shift around 1980.
Combat Leagues and Veterans’ Associations in the Weimar Republic: A Literature Review
Authors: Werberg Dennis 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The article summarizes the current state of the historical research on the Combat Leagues and Veterans’ Associations in the Weimar Republic. It gives an overview about the ongoing trends and recapitulates key insights of the recent publications concerning the independence of the leagues and associations as political players, their role as protagonists of political violence, their relations to the German military (Reichswehr) as well as their international relations and the role of women within the organizations. Thereby the report illustrates new possible ways for further research for an international audience.
Wind-Driven Motions of the Ocean Surface Mixed Layer in the Western Arctic
Authors: Brenner Samuel , Thomson Jim , Rainville Luc , Crews Laura , Lee Craig M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Observations of sea ice and the upper ocean from three moorings in the Beaufort Sea quantify atmosphere–ice–ocean momentum transfer, with a particular focus on the inertial-frequency response. Seasonal variations in the strength of mixed layer (ML) inertial oscillations suggest that sea ice damps momentum transfer from the wind to the ocean, such that the oscillation strength is minimal under sea ice cover. In contrast, the net Ekman transport is unimpacted by the presence of sea ice. The mooring measurements are interpreted with a simplified one-dimensional ice–ocean coupled “slab” model. The model results provide insight into the drivers of the inertial seasonality: namely, that a combination of both sea ice internal stress and ocean ML depth contribute to the seasonal variability of inertial surface currents and inertial sea ice drift, while under-ice roughness does not. Furthermore, the importance of internal stress in damping inertial oscillations is different at each mooring, with a minimal influence at the southernmost mooring (within the seasonal ice zone) and more influence at the northernmost mooring. As the Arctic shifts to a more seasonal sea ice regime, changes in sea ice cover and sea ice internal strength may impact inertial-band ice–ocean coupling and allow for an increase in wind forcing to the ocean.
Hyperoside exerts protective effects against anticardiolipin antibody-induced recurrent pregnancy loss in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Song Yanli , He Dongjie , Shi Shaoqi , Cui Tianwei , Zhang Hui , Zhao Xianmin , Ni Tingting , Xiao Huidongzi , Wei Aiwu 
Published: April 2023

Background Women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) or antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are at high risk for obstetric complications, including recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). However, effective treatments for RPL are lacking. Objective This study aimed to reveal the function and underlying mechanism of hyperoside (Hyp) in RPL associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aCLs). Methods The pregnant rats ( N = 24) were divided randomly into four groups: normal human-IgG (NH-IgG); aCL-pregnancy loss (aCL-PL); aCL-PL + Hyp (40 mg/kg/day); aCL-PL + low molecular weight heparin (LMWH, 525 μg/kg/day). HTR‐8 cells were treated with 80 μg/mL aCL to establish the cell models of miscarriage. Results In pregnant rats, aCL-IgG injection raised the abortion rate of embryos, while Hyp treatment inhibited the effects. Additionally, Hyp inhibited the platelet activation and uteroplacental insufficiency caused by aCL. In vivo and in vitro experiments further suggested that Hyp suppressed aCL-induced inflammation and apoptosis by downregulating NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-related factors and decreasing apoptotic rates. After aCL administration, Hyp therapy downregulated the expression of purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7 (P2X7), which is reported to induce cytokine release and apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that the treatment of 3′-O-(4-Benzoyl) benzoyl-ATP (BzATP, an agonist of the P2X7 receptor) reversed the inhibitory effects of Hyp on cell function. Conclusions Hyp exerts protective effects on aCL-induced pregnancy loss by preventing platelet activation-mediated P2X7/NLRP3 pathway. Therefore, Hyp may provide a feasible pharmaceutical strategy for the treatment of RPL.
Morel-Lavallée lesion: An uncommon internal degloving injury in trauma patients
Authors: Pothiawala Sohil , Miranda Rhian , Tsai Yun-Jung Jack , Civil Ian 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Morel-Lavallée (ML) lesion is an uncommon closed internal degloving soft tissue injury seen in patients with blunt trauma. As it often takes days to weeks after trauma to develop, it may go undiagnosed and can be missed in up to 44% of the cases. Methodology A comprehensive literature search was performed using various databases till August 2022. Twenty-eight articles related to the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment or complications of ML lesions were included and summarized in this review. Discussion Shearing forces lead to separation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues from the fascia superficial to underlying muscles, and collection of fluid in this space leads to development of a palpable fluctuant swelling. The most common etiologies were motor vehicle crashes, falls and contact sports. It usually forms adjacent to a bony protuberance. Common symptoms include pain and swelling over the injured area, either presenting acutely after the trauma, or developing few days to weeks after the injury. It is often misdiagnosed as muscle contusion or hematoma, abscess or neoplasm. Use of bedside ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) can aid in its identification, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice. Depending on the size and severity of the lesion, as well as presence or absence of a capsule, definitive management can be conservative or surgical. Conclusion ML lesion is often undiagnosed during initial presentation of a trauma patient, and emergency physicians and trauma surgeons should be aware of the possibility of occurrence of this injury. MRI is the imaging modality of choice, and the presence or absence of a capsule is an important imaging finding that guides appropriate therapy. Early diagnosis and management will help prevent long-term morbidity and complications in these patients.
User-centered development process of an operating interface to couple a robotic glove with a virtual environment to optimize hand rehabilitation following a stroke
Authors: Proulx CE , Higgins J , Vincent C , Vaughan T , Hewko M , Gagnon DH 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Task-specific neurorehabilitation is crucial to optimize hand recovery shortly after a stroke, but intensive neurorehabilitation remains limited in resource-constrained healthcare systems. This has led to a growing interest in the use of robotic gloves as an adjunct intervention to intensify hand-specific neurorehabilitation. This study aims to develop and assess the usability of an operating interface supporting such a technology coupled with a virtual environment through a user-centered design approach. Methods Fourteen participants with hand hemiparesis following a stroke were invited to don the robotic glove before browsing through the operating interface and its functionalities, and perform two mobility exercises in a virtual environment. Feedback was collected for improving technology usability. Participants completed the System Usability Scale and ABILHAND questionnaires and their recommendations were gathered and prioritized in a Pugh Matrix. Results The System Usability Scale (SUS) score for the operating interface was excellent (M = 87.0 SD = 11.6). A total of 74 recommendations to improve the user interface, calibration process, and exercise usability were identified. Conclusion The application of a full cycle of user-centred design approach confirms the high level of usability of the system which is perceived by end users as acceptable and useful for intensifying neurorehabilitation.
Automatic extraction of ranked SNP-phenotype associations from text using a BERT-LSTM-based method
Authors: Bokharaeian Behrouz , Dehghani Mohammad , Diaz Alberto 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtraction of associations of singular nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and phenotypes from biomedical literature is a vital task in BioNLP. Recently, some methods have been developed to extract mutation-diseases affiliations. However, no accessible method of extracting associations of SNP-phenotype from content considers their degree of certainty. In this paper, several machine learning methods were developed to extract ranked SNP-phenotype associations from biomedical abstracts and then were compared to each other. In addition, shallow machine learning methods, including random forest, logistic regression, and decision tree and two kernel-based methods like subtree and local context, a rule-based and a deep CNN-LSTM-based and two BERT-based methods were developed in this study to extract associations. Furthermore, the experiments indicated that although the used linguist features could be employed to implement a superior association extraction method outperforming the kernel-based counterparts, the used deep learning and BERT-based methods exhibited the best performance. However, the used PubMedBERT-LSTM outperformed the other developed methods among the used methods. Moreover, similar experiments were conducted to estimate the degree of certainty of the extracted association, which can be used to assess the strength of the reported association. The experiments revealed that our proposed PubMedBERT–CNN-LSTM method outperformed the sophisticated methods on the task.
The lasting influence of Ebola: a qualitative study of community-level behaviors, trust, and perceptions three years after the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in Liberia
Authors: Arthur Ronan F. , Horng Lily M. , Tandanpolie Amos F. , Gilstad John R. , Tantum Lucy K. , Luby Stephen P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe majority of disease transmission during the 2014-16 West Africa Ebola epidemic was driven by community-based behaviors that proved difficult to change in a social paradigm of misinformation, denial, and deep-seated distrust of government representatives and institutions. In Liberia, perceptions and beliefs about Ebola during and since the epidemic can provide insights useful to public health strategies aimed at improving community preparedness. In this 2018 study, we conducted nine focus groups with Liberians from three communities who experienced Ebola differently, to evaluate behaviors, attitudes, and trust during and after the epidemic. Focus group participants reported that some behaviors adopted during Ebola have persisted (e.g. handwashing and caretaking practices), while others have reverted (e.g. physical proximity and funeral customs); and reported ongoing distrust of the government and denial of the Ebola epidemic. These findings suggest that a lack of trust in the biomedical paradigm and government health institutions persists in Liberia. Future public health information campaigns may benefit from community engagement addressed at understanding beliefs and sources of trust and mistrust in the community to effect behavior change and improve community-level epidemic preparedness.