bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terahertz Wave Propagation Characteristics in Graded Teflon Based Solid-Core Photonic Crystal Fibre
Authors: Dash Shikhar , Mathur Varun , Pandey Nilesh , Sinha Ravindra K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the past few years, photonic crystal fibre (PCF) in the Terahertz spectrum is drawing significant attention because of its multifaceted applications in high-speed data communication, spectroscopy, sensing, etc. The proposed PCF structure is based on a Teflon solid core surrounded by porous cladding. Teflon has been used as a background material because of its high flexibility and the possibility of making longer PCFs, which is capable of guiding waves in the THz region. The porous cladding consists of circular air-holes positioned hexagonally whose diameters increase with each subsequent layer keeping the pitch constant thus providing a graded-index profile. The diameters of air holes in each hexagonal layer are 1 mm, 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm respectively, maintaining a constant pitch of 2mm and a perfectly matched layer (PML) thickness of 3mm. We have examined the transmission characteristics of the proposed profile in the frequency range of 0.8 THz to 2.5 THz. The modal solution of the profile is solved using the Finite Element Method based on COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.5. Using the graded-index profile, we have obtained a large effective modal area of around 5.6 mm2 at 1 THz and a low confinement loss of 2.25 × 10−4 dB/km at the same frequency. Due to this large effective modal area, we get higher damage threshold and weaker non-linear effects, making it suitable for high power applications.
Study of radiation power spectra in the 1-D photonic periodic dielectric structure
Authors: Rajeev  , Gulia Annu , Priyanka  , Beig M.T. , Sharma Bhoopesh , Sharma Yogesh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We explored the thermal power radiation spectrum ρ (ω, T) of electromagnetic radiation in a 1D photonic periodic structure combining Si and Sio2 with truncated Sio2 media and an absorbing substrate. A theoretical model based on a transfer matrix for both normal and oblique incidence angles together with Kirchhoff’s second rule is used to predict the thermal radiation power spectrum. In order to study the radiation spectra, we used the TE and TM modes with truncation parameters and incidence angles in the mid, left, and right gap frequencies, which correspond to the mid, left, and right mid-gap temperatures. Layers nA&nB are A and B’s indices are considered to be constant and controlled in these modes.
Study of Chromatic Dispersion in Single-Mode Optical Fiber
Authors: Yadgeer Saniya Anjum , Ray S. , Joglekar P.V. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the optical communication system, optical fibers are used to transmit information in a long-haul communication system at a very high speed. However, attenuation causes loss in signal transmission. Chromatic dispersion is an ultimate limiting factor for attenuation in high-speed long-distance communication. The chromatic dispersion causes a broadening of the incident pulse while traversing along the fiber length. This broadening reduces the information-carrying capacity of the transmitted signal. Chromatic dispersion is caused by material and waveguide dispersion. We used COMSOL Multiphysics to evaluate chromatic dispersion for the different refractive indexes of silica glass by varying wavelengths from 1300 (nm) to 1600 (nm). We have modelled a 2D optical fiber using the Electromagnetic Wave, Frequency Domain. The effective mode index was computed using Mode Analysis and total dispersion is calculated theoretically. The computed values of chromatic dispersion are within 7% of theoretical values.
Temperature effects on soliton pairs in novel photorefractive crystals having both the linear and quadratic electro-optic effects
Authors: Deshmukh Anshuja , Kale Mayuri , Kulkarni Sachin , Katti Aavishkar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We investigate and formulate a detailed theory studying the temperature effects on bright-dark optical spatial soliton pair in the novel photorefractive crystals having both the nonlinearities i.e., the quadratic and linear electro-optic effects. The coupled modified Nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equations is solved exactly to obtain analytical solutions for both the components. There are few physical factors which are dependent on the temperature: the dielectric constant, dark irradiance and the diffusion current. We consider the variation of dielectric constant and dark irradiance to study the effect on the nonlinearity. Various FWHM curves are plotted which give us an idea of the self trapping nonlinearity’s dependence on the temperature
Vector Magnetic Field Sensing at Tiny Angles Through a Nanofluid Functionalized Ultrathin Taper Interferometer
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Khamari Subodh , Baac Hyoungwon , Jha Rajan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the requirement of high precision and long life in tasks of mechanical and navigation industries, a highly sensitive and compact, magnetorheological fluid film-suspended nonadiabatic biconical tapered optical fiber interferometer-based vector magnetometer has been proposed and demonstrated in the manuscript. The reported magnetometer keeps the ability to detect the strength of the magnetic field and its direction in the 3D plane concurrently. Magnetically regulated effective index amendment is used to stimulate the higher order modes propagating in the cladding region of the ultrathin biconical fiber interferometer. Hence, the detection principle of the sensor depends on the changes in the effective indices of higher-order excited modes with respect to the applied magnetic field. The proposed magnetometer detects slight angular variations of -2° to +2° in the magnetic field over a broad range from 0 mT to 567 mT by using the azimuth-dependent anisotropic distribution of nanoparticles in the vicinity of the fiber-optic sensor arm. The reported sensor offers to its angular sensitivities of ~ ∓14.68 pm/mT, and ~ ∓11.79 pm/mT at minor inclinations of ∓1° and ∓2° whereas having its maximum sensitivity of ~ 16.48 pm/mT at 0°.
A review on phase change materials: Development, Types, and Applications
Authors: Panchamiya Vrajesh P , Kuchimanchi Amulya , Kulkarni Kaustubh G , Havaldar Sanjay N 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Heat-storage materials that can be used to transition from one phase to another are known as phase change materials (PCM). This review article aims to highlight the history, iterations, and future value-adding of PCM in the sciences and engineering industries. This study discusses the many types of phase transition materials, as well as their encapsulations and applications. The study also includes findings from many experiments conducted around the world in order to offer a complete picture of overall advancement in the field of PCM.
The effect of deposition cycles on structural, morphological, optical and gas detection properties of Mg doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Abood N T , Sable P , Yassen J , Dharne G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, Mg doped ZnO thin films were successfully prepared using the modified SILAR approach throughout various numbers of deposition cycles. XRD data shows the prepared films have a ZnO wurtzite hexagonal structure. The crystalline size and crystallinity were found to be increased by increasing the number of deposition cycles. FESEM showed there are nanoparticles and nanorods on the surface, with random distribution in the case of the sample synthesized with 30 cycles, while the agglomeration of nanoparticles to form a maize-like structure and flower-like morphology was predominant in the case of the sample with 40 cycles. The UV-VIS transmittance spectra showed a decrease in transmittance by increasing the number of deposition cycles, and the increment of energy band gap by increasing the number of deposition cycles was found. The response of the samples towards NO2 gas at 200 °C operating temperature was found to be enhanced in the case of the sample prepared at 40 cycles as compared to the sample prepared at 30 cycles.
Dielectric and Complex Impedance Spectroscopic studies of Microwave synthesized Cupric Oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Bhalerao-Panajkar Rohini S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) capped CuO nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of monoclinic single phase of the synthesized particles. The nature of ligand bonding and an estimate of the ligand molecules on the surface of CuO particles were obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Hysteresis measurements performed at 10 and 300 K show both the core-shell nature and the impact of the ligand. Dielectric measurements were performed with a temperature variation of 10 to 325 K and a frequency variation over 126 kHz to 949 kHz range. Broad relaxation peaks, reduction of dielectric constant with size and the presence of anomalies at slight variance to the magnetic transitions observed in bulk material, show signatures of the impact of ligand. Impedance spectroscopic (IS) analysis shows the room temperature impedance to be dominated by grain boundaries and reveals core-shell type of behaviour with conducting grains and insulating grain boundaries. A schematic is proposed with the grain consisting of the ligand capped CuO clusters separated by interfaces/grain boundaries.
Quantifying Effects Of Final State Interactions On Pion Production In DUNE Using Monte Carlo Event Generators
Authors: Sharma H R , Nagu S , Singh J , Singh R B 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The analysis of pion production in neutrino-nucleus scattering is crucial to quantify the effect of final state interactions (FSI) in the energy regime of DUNE and other long-baseline neutrino experiments since FSI modify the number of pions that emerge in the final state as compared to the number of pions produced in the initial (primary) state. Not only the number of pions but also their charge gets changed due to the prevailing FSI effects. In the present work, we will study the effect of FSI on pions after their production at the initial neutrino-nucleus interaction vertex using two different Monte Carlo (MC) simulation tools viz. GENIE (version: 3.0.6) and NuWro (version: 19.2.2). Considering the DUNE experimental set-up, we observe pion production in νµ
and 40
Ar nucleus interactions for an event sample of 1 million for each generator. We find that there are some differences in the pion number observed in the primary and final states of two generators and that the differences are above statistical fluctuations. We observe that GENIE (version: 3.0.6) is more responsive (less transparent) to absorption and charge exchange processes as compared to NuWro (version: 19.2.2).
Synthesis and Micro hardness Studies of Polymer Nanocomposites of ZnS with PVK
Authors: Nagwanshi Durgesh Nandini 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The synthesis and microhardness studies of ZnS with PVK ((Poly N-Vinylcarbazole) nanocomposites are presented. The thin films was form with different loding of ZnS in PVK using chemical rout method and characterized them SEM (Scanning Electron microscope), XRD (X-ray diffraction), AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) and study their mechanical properties. XRD shows ZnS have cubic nanocrystals structure, with particle size about 3 to 12 nm. Broadening of line shows the formation of amorphous compound. The SEM, AFM images reveal clustering of particles within 10 to 100 nm. These three studies reveal the particle size respectively increases with ZnS loading in the PVK. The microhardness study on pure PVK and ZnS with PVK nanocomposites helps us to understand the modification in properties due to inter- and intra- molecular interactions. It is seen that ZnS with PVK nanocomposites exhibit lower value of microhardness as compare to pure PVK and minimum for highest loading (50% ZnS) of ZnS in PVK. For each ZnS loading at first, the microhardness increases with the load and after that, beyond particular load, it obtain a saturated value, so it can be say the samples are fully strain-hardened at this load. The micro hardness also corresponds to frictional force. With increasing load the coefficient of friction decreases and the frictional force increases linearly with the increasing load. Therefore, the change in Vickers hardness number (Hv) is curvilinear with load.
Mixed Organic Halide Perovskite Energy Harvester for Solar Cells
Authors: Mydhili B , Albert Ancy , Sreekala C O 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Organic- inorganic hybrid perovskite shows promising properties such as optical, electrical, and magnetic. To address issues in the standard methylammonium lead iodide perovskite such as toxicity and stability, lead was replaced with Cu in metal ion part and iodine replaced by chlorine in the anionic position. In this work, methyl ammonium copper chloride (MA2CuCl4) and phenyl ethyl ammonium copper chloride (PEA2CuCl4) were synthesised. Optical and structural property variations of solution obtained by mixing MA2CuCl4 and PEA2CuCl4 in 1:1 ratio was studied. Methylammonium lead iodide has a wide range of applications, particularly in solar cells and photovoltaic systems. Phenylethyl ammonium copper chloride material exhibits both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. Methylammonium copper chloride is hygroscopic and unstable. To increase the stability of the material the organic part can be replaced with higher-order functional groups. Phenylethyl ammonium copper chloride is found to be thermally stable and has more moisture resistance ability compared to methyl ammonium copper chloride. From angle of efficiency, methyl ammonium copper chloride possessed higher performance than phenylethyl ammonium copper chloride, particularly in the field of solar cell perovskites. Uv-vis spectroscopy, FE-SEM, XRD, FTIR characterizations were done.
The Al3+ doped modified ZnO sensor material: Fabrication, characterization and gas sensing characteristics of some environmental pollutant and greenhouse gases
Authors: Ingale Raju Shivaji , Bhimrao koli Prashant , Shinde Sachin Girdhar , Khamkar Kashmiri A. , Ahire Satish Arvind , Patil Ishwar Jadhav 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The current study examines the gas sensing properties of the fabricated material Al3+ modified ZnO. The material was fabricated by using co-precipitation technique. Here, sodium hydroxide was used as precipitating material to precipitate zinc as zinc hydroxide to convert it finally into ZnO. The insitu doping method was adapted to doped aluminum through ZnO lattice. The material was characterized by means of several characterization techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument utilized for structural investigation of the prepared material. The mean particle size estimated 28 nm using the Debye-Scherer equation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized for surface and topographic properties of the prepared material, while energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was utilized to get atomic weight percentage of elements. The ultra violet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) was used to find the energy band gap of modified ZnO. The hexagonal crystal lattice of the materials was confirmed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Thick films of Al3+ doped ZnO made using a screen printing technology. The developed thick film sensor of Al3+ doped ZnO was utilized to sense certain harmful gases such as toluene vapors (TV), LPG, petrol vapors, CO2 and CO. The material showed considerable response for CO and LPG at 500 ppm gas concentration with 85.20% and 76.23% gas response at 90°C and 120°C respectively. The other gas sensing characteristics of the materials was also examined for the fabricated Al3+ doped ZnO sensor such as response and recovery, reusability, ppm variation and gas response. From overall study it was observed that fabricated sensor Al3+ doped ZnO is reliable, and very rapid to detect the carbon monoxide vapors and liquefied petroleum gas vapors (LPG) at moderately high temperature and low gas concentration. The built sensor’s gas sensing mechanism was assessed to detect CO and LPG.
Effect of Finite Ion Larmor Radius (FLR) Corrections on Thermal Instability of Rotating Radiative Porous Astrophysical Plasma in Interstellar Medium (ISM)
Authors: Kaothekar Sachin , Mishra Sarvesh , Phadke Sushil 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Infinite homogeneous plasma’s thermal instability has been studied in relation to finite ion Larmor radius (FLR) corrections, rotation, and porosity, as well as the impacts of radiative heat-loss function and thermal conductivity. With the aid of a normal mode analysis framework and the necessary difficulty-appropriate linearized perturbation equations, a universal dispersion relation is investigated. For the propagation of transverse waves, this dispersion relationship further condenses for rotation axes parallel to and at right angles to the magnetic field. It is proven that the presence of rotation, porosity, thermal conductivity, and radiative heat-loss function altered the thermal instability criterion. To show how different parameters affect the rate at which the thermal instability grows, numerical calculations have been carried out. We discover that rotation, FLR corrections, and medium porosity stabilised the growth rate of the thermal system in the transverse mode of propagation. The conclusion of this research states that the rotation, porosity, and FLR corrections have an impact on the configuration of dense molecular clouds and star formation.
High-pressure equations of state and elastic properties of the hcp-Iron
Authors: Singh S. P. , Singh Jeet , Sharma Jitendra , Ram Jagjivan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The present study deals with the elastic properties at different pressure of hcp-iron have been carried out. By exerting pressure on the cubic body of n-th power of edge length, we have used a new equation of state based on Eulerian finite theory. We have computed the bulk modulus and their pressure derivative from this formulated equation of state. The results from the proposed equation of state (EOS) show the better agreement with available experimental data. Thus, the derived expressions are able to predict the elastic properties of hcp-iron under high pressures.
Effects of Co-60 gamma radiation on the characteristics of red, green, and blue LEDs
Authors: Dhavale S B , Patil A B , Mathakari N L 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Red, Green and Blue LEDs are irradiated by Co-60 gamma radiation at the doses ranging from 1.8 kGy to 172.8 kGy. Effects of these radiation doses on the I-V and Intensity-Power characteristics of RGB LEDs are examined. I-V characteristics shows only marginal variations, however, significant reduction in output intensity is observed at the maximum dose level of 172.8 kGy. We attribute this optical intensity degradation to radiation induced decrease in the minority carrier lifetime, displacement damage and radiation induced defects
Results from the HEPD-01 detector on board the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES)
Authors: Follega F.M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
CSES (China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a sophisticated multi-channel space observatory to study the Earth and its surrounding layers. It was launched on February 2nd, 2018, on a Sun-Synchronous orbit at an altitude of 500 km. The High Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) is one of the main contributions of the CSES-Limadou collaboration to the mission with the goal of measuring 3-100 MeV electrons and 30-300 MeV protons, also extending to heavier nuclei. The instrument is quite compact (40.36 cm x 53.00 cm x 38.15 cm) and it is composed of a tracking system, a trigger made by a segmented layer of plastic scintillator, a calorimeter made by a tower of plastic scintillators and an array of LYSO cubes and a veto system. With its large field of view (±60°) it is capable to collect sufficient statistics to provide new and competitive measurements concerning a quite rich scientific program: the study of the radiation present in the ionospheric-magnetospheric environment, searching for transient phenomena correlated to seismic events, monitoring the solar activity, the flux of the low energy cosmic rays and studying the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). In this paper we provide a synthetic description of the detector and of the main scientific results obtained on the measurement of the properties of low energy charged particles.
The AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Suomijärvi T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOperating since 2004, the Pierre Auger Observatory has yielded several important results. The suppression of the flux around 5×1019eV is now confirmed without any doubt, a large-scale dipole anisotropy has been found for energies above 8×1018eV, as well as an indication for some intermediate-scale anisotropy at the highest energies. Furthermore, strong limits have been placed on ultra-high-energy photons and neutrinos. In order to elucidate the origin of the flux suppression at the highest energies and search for composition-enhanced anisotropies, the Auger Collaboration is currently upgrading the Observatory. In the framework of the upgrade, called AugerPrime, the array of 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors is equipped with plastic scintillators, allowing us to enhance the composition sensitivity. The station electronics is also upgraded, including better timing with up-to-date GPS receivers, higher sampling frequency, and increased dynamic range. Currently, more than 40% of the surface detectors have been upgraded, and the commissioning studies are well advanced. In this paper, the design of the AugerPrime surface detectors will be presented, and the performance obtained from the analysis of the first data will be discussed.
Observational constraints on accelerators of ultra-high energy cosmic rays
Authors: Marafico Sullivan , Biteau Jonathan , Condorelli Antonio , Deligny Olivier , Luce Quentin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We explore two generic hypotheses for tracing the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) in the Universe: star formation rate density or stellar mass density. For each scenario, we infer a set of constraints for the emission mechanisms in the accelerators, for their energetics and for the abundances of elements at escape from their environments. From these constraints, we generate sky maps above 40 EeV expected from a catalog that comprises 410,761 galaxies out to 350 Mpc and provides a near-infrared flux-limited sample to map both stellar mass and star formation rate over the full sky. Considering a scenario of intermittent sources hosted in every galaxy, we show that the main features observed in arrival directions of UHECRs can in turn constrain the burst rate of the sources provided that magnetic-horizon effects are at play in clusters of galaxies.
Highlights from the Large High-Altitude Air-Shower Observatory (LHAASO)
Authors: Volpe Domenico della 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Since July 2021, LHAASO is fully operational and collecting data. The Nature paper in 2021, revealing 12 VHE new sources, was just the start of LHAASO science, revealing the huge scientific potential of this experiment. LHAASO opened the multi-TeV era in γ-ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics. Many analysis efforts in different areas are ongoing in different areas and several results are already published. In this contribution, we will show some highlights from LHAASO science together with the status of calibrations and performances achieved.