bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral malaria—using the retina to study the brain
Authors: Beare Nicholas A. V. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCerebral malaria (CM) remains a common cause of death of children in Africa with annual mortality of 400 000. Malarial retinopathy is a unique set of fundus signs which has diagnostic and prognostic value in CM. Assessment of malarial retinopathy is now widely utilised in clinical care, and routinely incorporated into clinical studies to refine entry criteria. As a visible part of the central nervous system, the retina provides insights into the pathophysiology of this infectious small-vessel vasculitis with adherent parasitised red blood cells. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have shown that patchy capillary non-perfusion is common and causes ischaemic changes in the retina in CM. It is likely this is mirrored in the brain and may cause global neurological impairments evident on developmental follow up. Three types of blood-retina barrier breakdown are evident: large focal, punctate, and vessel leak. Punctate and large focal leak (haemorrhage in formation) are associated with severe brain swelling and fatal outcome. Vessel leak and capillary non-perfusion are associated with moderate brain swelling and neurological sequelae. These findings imply that death and neurological sequelae have separate mechanisms and are not a continuum of severity. Each haemorrhage causes a temporary uncontrolled outflow of fluid into the tissue. The rapid accumulation of haemorrhages, as evidenced by multiple focal leaks, is a proposed mechanism of severe brain swelling, and death. Current studies aim to use optic nerve head OCT to identify patients with severe brain swelling, and macula OCT to identify those at risk of neurological sequelae.
Reactive oxygen species affect the potential for mineralization processes in permeable intertidal flats
Authors: van Erk Marit R. , Bourceau Olivia M. , Moncada Chyrene , Basu Subhajit , Hansel Colleen M. , de Beer Dirk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntertidal permeable sediments are crucial sites of organic matter remineralization. These sediments likely have a large capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) because of shifting oxic-anoxic interfaces and intense iron-sulfur cycling. Here, we show that high concentrations of the ROS hydrogen peroxide are present in intertidal sediments using microsensors, and chemiluminescent analysis on extracted porewater. We furthermore investigate the effect of ROS on potential rates of microbial degradation processes in intertidal surface sediments after transient oxygenation, using slurries that transitioned from oxic to anoxic conditions. Enzymatic removal of ROS strongly increases rates of aerobic respiration, sulfate reduction and hydrogen accumulation. We conclude that ROS are formed in sediments, and subsequently moderate microbial mineralization process rates. Although sulfate reduction is completely inhibited in the oxic period, it resumes immediately upon anoxia. This study demonstrates the strong effects of ROS and transient oxygenation on the biogeochemistry of intertidal sediments.
Future sea-level projections with a coupled atmosphere-ocean-ice-sheet model
Authors: Park Jun-Young , Schloesser Fabian , Timmermann Axel , Choudhury Dipayan , Lee June-Yi , Nellikkattil Arjun Babu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate-forced, offline ice-sheet model simulations have been used extensively in assessing how much ice-sheets can contribute to future global sea-level rise. Typically, these model projections do not account for the two-way interactions between ice-sheets and climate. To quantify the impact of ice-ocean-atmosphere feedbacks, here we conduct greenhouse warming simulations with a coupled global climate-ice-sheet model of intermediate complexity. Following the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 1-1.9, 2-4.5, 5-8.5 emission scenarios, the model simulations ice-sheet contributions to global sea-level rise by 2150 of 0.2 ± 0.01, 0.5 ± 0.01 and 1.4 ± 0.1 m, respectively. Antarctic ocean-ice-sheet-ice-shelf interactions enhance future subsurface basal melting, while freshwater-induced atmospheric cooling reduces surface melting and iceberg calving. The combined effect is likely to decelerate global sea-level rise contributions from Antarctica relative to the uncoupled climate-forced ice-sheet model configuration. Our results demonstrate that estimates of future sea-level rise fundamentally depend on the complex interactions between ice-sheets, icebergs, ocean and the atmosphere.
Open-circuit and short-circuit loss management in wide-gap perovskite p-i-n solar cells
Authors: Caprioglio Pietro , Smith Joel A. , Oliver Robert D. J. , Dasgupta Akash , Choudhary Saqlain , Farrar Michael D. , Ramadan Alexandra J. , Lin Yen-Hung , Christoforo M. Greyson , Ball James M. , Diekmann Jonas , Thiesbrummel Jarla , Zaininger Karl-Augustin , Shen Xinyi , Johnston Michael B. , Neher Dieter , Stolterfoht Martin , Snaith Henry J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, we couple theoretical and experimental approaches to understand and reduce the losses of wide bandgap Br-rich perovskite pin devices at open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current (JSC) conditions. A mismatch between the internal quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and the external VOC is detrimental for these devices. We demonstrate that modifying the perovskite top-surface with guanidinium-Br and imidazolium-Br forms a low-dimensional perovskite phase at the n-interface, suppressing the QFLS-VOC mismatch, and boosting the VOC. Concurrently, the use of an ionic interlayer or a self-assembled monolayer at the p-interface reduces the inferred field screening induced by mobile ions at JSC, promoting charge extraction and raising the JSC. The combination of the n- and p-type optimizations allows us to approach the thermodynamic potential of the perovskite absorber layer, resulting in 1 cm2 devices with performance parameters of VOCs up to 1.29 V, fill factors above 80% and JSCs up to 17 mA/cm2, in addition to a thermal stability T80 lifetime of more than 3500 h at 85 °C.
Pelagic calcium carbonate production and shallow dissolution in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ziveri Patrizia , Gray William Robert , Anglada-Ortiz Griselda , Manno Clara , Grelaud Michael , Incarbona Alessandro , Rae James William Buchanan , Subhas Adam V. , Pallacks Sven , White Angelicque , Adkins Jess F. , Berelson William 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPlanktonic calcifying organisms play a key role in regulating ocean carbonate chemistry and atmospheric CO2. Surprisingly, references to the absolute and relative contribution of these organisms to calcium carbonate production are lacking. Here we report quantification of pelagic calcium carbonate production in the North Pacific, providing new insights on the contribution of the three main planktonic calcifying groups. Our results show that coccolithophores dominate the living calcium carbonate (CaCO3) standing stock, with coccolithophore calcite comprising ~90% of total CaCO3production, and pteropods and foraminifera playing a secondary role. We show that pelagic CaCO3production is higher than the sinking flux of CaCO3at 150 and 200 m at ocean stations ALOHA and PAPA, implying that a large portion of pelagic calcium carbonate is remineralised within the photic zone; this extensive shallow dissolution explains the apparent discrepancy between previous estimates of CaCO3production derived from satellite observations/biogeochemical modeling versus estimates from shallow sediment traps. We suggest future changes in the CaCO3cycle and its impact on atmospheric CO2will largely depend on how the poorly-understood processes that determine whether CaCO3is remineralised in the photic zone or exported to depth respond to anthropogenic warming and acidification.
Amyloidogenic proteins in the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 proteomes
Authors: Bhardwaj Taniya , Gadhave Kundlik , Kapuganti Shivani K. , Kumar Prateek , Brotzakis Zacharias Faidon , Saumya Kumar Udit , Nayak Namyashree , Kumar Ankur , Joshi Richa , Mukherjee Bodhidipra , Bhardwaj Aparna , Thakur Krishan Gopal , Garg Neha , Vendruscolo Michele , Giri Rajanish 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe phenomenon of protein aggregation is associated with a wide range of human diseases. Our knowledge of the aggregation behaviour of viral proteins, however, is still rather limited. Here, we investigated this behaviour in the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 proteomes. An initial analysis using a panel of sequence-based predictors suggested the presence of multiple aggregation-prone regions (APRs) in these proteomes and revealed a strong aggregation propensity in some SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We then studied the in vitro aggregation of predicted aggregation-prone SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 proteins and protein regions, including the signal sequence peptide and fusion peptides 1 and 2 of the spike protein, a peptide from the NSP6 protein, and the ORF10 and NSP11 proteins. Our results show that these peptides and proteins can form amyloid aggregates. We used circular dichroism spectroscopy to reveal the presence of β-sheet rich cores in aggregates and X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy to confirm the formation of amyloid structures. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 NSP11 aggregates are toxic to mammalian cell cultures. These results motivate further studies about the possible role of aggregation of SARS proteins in protein misfolding diseases and other human conditions.
Tiller Number1 encodes an ankyrin repeat protein that controls tillering in bread wheat
Authors: Dong Chunhao , Zhang Lichao , Zhang Qiang , Yang Yuxin , Li Danping , Xie Zhencheng , Cui Guoqing , Chen Yaoyu , Wu Lifen , Li Zhan , Liu Guoxiang , Zhang Xueying , Liu Cuimei , Chu Jinfang , Zhao Guangyao , Xia Chuan , Jia Jizeng , Sun Jiaqiang , Kong Xiuying , Liu Xu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major staple food for more than one-third of the world’s population. Tiller number is an important agronomic trait in wheat, but only few related genes have been cloned. Here, we isolate a wheat mutant, tiller number1 (tn1), with much fewer tillers. We clone the TN1 gene via map-based cloning: TN1 encodes an ankyrin repeat protein with a transmembrane domain (ANK-TM). We show that a single amino acid substitution in the third conserved ankyrin repeat domain causes the decreased tiller number of tn1 mutant plants. Resequencing and haplotype analysis indicate that TN1 is conserved in wheat landraces and modern cultivars. Further, we reveal that the expression level of the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic gene TaNCED3 and ABA content are significantly increased in the shoot base and tiller bud of the tn1 mutants; TN1 but not tn1 could inhibit the binding of TaPYL to TaPP2C via direct interaction with TaPYL. Taken together, we clone a key wheat tiller number regulatory gene TN1, which promotes tiller bud outgrowth probably through inhibiting ABA biosynthesis and signaling.
A non-genetic switch triggers alternative telomere lengthening and cellular immortalization in ATRX deficient cells
Authors: Turkalo Timothy K. , Maffia Antonio , Schabort Johannes J. , Regalado Samuel G. , Bhakta Mital , Blanchette Marco , Spierings Diana C. J. , Lansdorp Peter M. , Hockemeyer Dirk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) is an aberrant DNA recombination pathway which grants replicative immortality to approximately 10% of all cancers. Despite this high prevalence of ALT in cancer, the mechanism and genetics by which cells activate this pathway remain incompletely understood. A major challenge in dissecting the events that initiate ALT is the extremely low frequency of ALT induction in human cell systems. Guided by the genetic lesions that have been associated with ALT from cancer sequencing studies, we genetically engineered primary human pluripotent stem cells to deterministically induce ALT upon differentiation. Using this genetically defined system, we demonstrate that disruption of the p53 and Rb pathways in combination with ATRX loss-of-function is sufficient to induce all hallmarks of ALT and results in functional immortalization in a cell type-specific manner. We further demonstrate that ALT can be induced in the presence of telomerase, is neither dependent on telomere shortening nor crisis, but is rather driven by continuous telomere instability triggered by the induction of differentiation in ATRX-deficient stem cells.
Tunable superconductivity and its origin at KTaO3 interfaces
Authors: Liu Changjiang , Zhou Xianjing , Hong Deshun , Fisher Brandon , Zheng Hong , Pearson John , Jiang Jidong Samuel , Jin Dafei , Norman Michael R. , Bhattacharya Anand 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhat causes Cooper pairs to form in unconventional superconductors is often elusive because experimental signatures that connect to a specific pairing mechanism are rare. Here, we observe distinct dependences of the superconducting transition temperature Tc on carrier density n2D for electron gases formed at KTaO3 (111), (001) and (110) interfaces. For the (111) interface, a remarkable linear dependence of Tc on n2D is observed over a range of nearly one order of magnitude. Further, our study of the dependence of superconductivity on gate electric fields reveals the role of the interface in mediating superconductivity. We find that the extreme sensitivity of superconductivity to crystallographic orientation can be explained by pairing via inter-orbital interactions induced by an inversion-breaking transverse optical phonon and quantum confinement. This mechanism is also consistent with the dependence of Tc on n2D. Our study may shed light on the pairing mechanism in other superconducting quantum paraelectrics.
Engraftment of allogeneic iPS cell-derived cartilage organoid in a primate model of articular cartilage defect
Authors: Abe Kengo , Yamashita Akihiro , Morioka Miho , Horike Nanao , Takei Yoshiaki , Koyamatsu Saeko , Okita Keisuke , Matsuda Shuichi , Tsumaki Noriyuki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising resource for allogeneic cartilage transplantation to treat articular cartilage defects that do not heal spontaneously and often progress to debilitating conditions, such as osteoarthritis. However, to the best of our knowledge, allogeneic cartilage transplantation into primate models has never been assessed. Here, we show that allogeneic iPSC-derived cartilage organoids survive and integrate as well as are remodeled as articular cartilage in a primate model of chondral defects in the knee joints. Histological analysis revealed that allogeneic iPSC-derived cartilage organoids in chondral defects elicited no immune reaction and directly contributed to tissue repair for at least four months. iPSC-derived cartilage organoids integrated with the host native articular cartilage and prevented degeneration of the surrounding cartilage. Single-cell RNA-sequence analysis indicated that iPSC-derived cartilage organoids differentiated after transplantation, acquiring expression of PRG4 crucial for joint lubrication. Pathway analysis suggested the involvement of SIK3 inactivation. Our study outcomes suggest that allogeneic transplantation of iPSC-derived cartilage organoids may be clinically applicable for the treatment of patients with chondral defects of the articular cartilage; however further assessment of functional recovery long term after load bearing injuries is required.
Four-dimensional trapped ion mobility spectrometry lipidomics for high throughput clinical profiling of human blood samples
Authors: Lerner Raissa , Baker Dhanwin , Schwitter Claudia , Neuhaus Sarah , Hauptmann Tony , Post Julia M. , Kramer Stefan , Bindila Laura 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLipidomics encompassing automated lipid extraction, a four-dimensional (4D) feature selection strategy for confident lipid annotation as well as reproducible and cross-validated quantification can expedite clinical profiling. Here, we determine 4D descriptors (mass to charge, retention time, collision cross section, and fragmentation spectra) of 200 lipid standards and 493 lipids from reference plasma via trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry to enable the implementation of stringent criteria for lipid annotation. We use 4D lipidomics to confidently annotate 370 lipids in reference plasma samples and 364 lipids in serum samples, and reproducibly quantify 359 lipids using level-3 internal standards. We show the utility of our 4D lipidomics workflow for high-throughput applications by reliable profiling of intra-individual lipidome phenotypes in plasma, serum, whole blood, venous and finger-prick dried blood spots.
Multivariate genomic architecture of cortical thickness and surface area at multiple levels of analysis
Authors: Grotzinger Andrew D. , Mallard Travis T. , Liu Zhaowen , Seidlitz Jakob , Ge Tian , Smoller Jordan W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent work in imaging genetics suggests high levels of genetic overlap within cortical regions for cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA). We model this multivariate system of genetic relationships by applying Genomic Structural Equation Modeling (Genomic SEM) and parsimoniously define five genomic brain factors underlying both CT and SA along with a general factor capturing genetic overlap across all brain regions. We validate these factors by demonstrating the generalizability of the model to a semi-independent sample and show that the factors align with biologically and functionally relevant parcellations of the cortex. We apply Stratified Genomic SEM to identify specific categories of genes (e.g., neuronal cell types) that are disproportionately associated with pleiotropy across specific subclusters of brain regions, as indexed by the genomic factors. Finally, we examine genetic associations with psychiatric and cognitive correlates, finding that broad aspects of cognitive function are associated with a general factor for SA and that psychiatric associations are null. These analyses provide key insights into the multivariate genomic architecture of two critical features of the cerebral cortex.
Fluorinated polyamidoamine dendrimer-mediated miR-23b delivery for the treatment of experimental rheumatoid arthritis in rats
Authors: Han Haobo , Xing Jiakai , Chen Wenqi , Jia Jiaxin , Li Quanshun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn rheumatoid arthritis (RA), insufficient apoptosis of macrophages and excessive generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines are intimately connected, accelerating the development of disease. Here, a fluorinated polyamidoamine dendrimer (FP) is used to deliver miR-23b to reduce inflammation by triggering the apoptosis of as well as inhibiting the inflammatory response in macrophages. Following the intravenous injection of FP/miR-23b nanoparticles in experimental RA models, the nanoparticles show therapeutic efficacy with inhibition of inflammatory response, reduced bone and cartilage erosion, suppression of synoviocyte infiltration and the recovery of mobility. Moreover, the nanoparticles accumulate in the inflamed joint and are non-specifically captured by synoviocytes, leading to the restoration of miR-23b expression in the synovium. The miR-23b nanoparticles target Tab2, Tab3 and Ikka to regulate the activation of NF-κB pathway in the hyperplastic synovium, thereby promoting anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative responses. Additionally, the intravenous administration of FP/miR-23b nanoparticles do not induce obvious systemic toxicity. Overall, our work demonstrates that the combination of apoptosis induction and inflammatory inhibition could be a promising approach in the treatment of RA and possibly other autoimmune diseases.
Sleep cycle-dependent vascular dynamics in male mice and the predicted effects on perivascular cerebrospinal fluid flow and solute transport
Authors: Bojarskaite Laura , Vallet Alexandra , Bjørnstad Daniel M. , Gullestad Binder Kristin M. , Cunen Céline , Heuser Kjell , Kuchta Miroslav , Mardal Kent-Andre , Enger Rune 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPerivascular spaces are important highways for fluid and solute transport in the brain enabling efficient waste clearance during sleep. However, the underlying mechanisms augmenting perivascular flow in sleep are unknown. Using two-photon imaging of naturally sleeping male mice we demonstrate sleep cycle-dependent vascular dynamics of pial arteries and penetrating arterioles: slow, large-amplitude oscillations in NREM sleep, a vasodilation in REM sleep, and a vasoconstriction upon awakening at the end of a sleep cycle and microarousals in NREM and intermediate sleep. These vascular dynamics are mirrored by changes in the size of the perivascular spaces of the penetrating arterioles: slow fluctuations in NREM sleep, reduction in REM sleep and an enlargement upon awakening after REM sleep and during microarousals in NREM and intermediate sleep. By biomechanical modeling we demonstrate that these sleep cycle-dependent perivascular dynamics likely enhance fluid flow and solute transport in perivascular spaces to levels comparable to cardiac pulsation-driven oscillations.
Magnetically boosted 1D photoactive microswarm for COVID-19 face mask disruption
Authors: Kim Jeonghyo , Mayorga-Martinez Carmen C. , Pumera Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe recent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the massive discard of pandemic-related plastic wastes, causing serious ecological harm and a high societal burden. Most single-use face masks are made of synthetic plastics, thus their careless disposal poses a direct threat to wildlife as well as potential ecotoxicological effects in the form of microplastics. Here, we introduce a 1D magnetic photoactive microswarm capable of actively navigating, adhering to, and accelerating the degradation of the polypropylene microfiber of COVID-19 face masks. 1D microrobots comprise an anisotropic magnetic core (Fe3O4) and photocatalytic shell (Bi2O3/Ag), which enable wireless magnetic maneuvering and visible-light photocatalysis. The actuation of a programmed rotating magnetic field triggers a fish schooling-like 1D microswarm that allows active interfacial interactions with the microfiber network. The follow-up light illumination accelerates the disruption of the polypropylene microfiber through the photo-oxidative process as corroborated by morphological, compositional, and structural analyses. The active magnetic photocatalyst microswarm suggests an intriguing microrobotic solution to treat various plastic wastes and other environmental pollutants.
Tight genetic linkage of genes causing hybrid necrosis and pollinator isolation between young species
Authors: Li Chaobin , Binaghi Marta , Pichon Vivien , Cannarozzi Gina , Brandão de Freitas Loreta , Hanemian Mathieu , Kuhlemeier Cris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms of reproductive isolation that cause phenotypic diversification and eventually speciation are a major topic of evolutionary research. Hybrid necrosis is a post-zygotic isolation mechanism in which cell death develops in the absence of pathogens. It is often due to the incompatibility between proteins from two parents. Here we describe a unique case of hybrid necrosis due to an incompatibility between loci on chromosomes 2 and 7 between two pollinator-isolated Petunia species. Typical immune responses as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress responses are induced in the necrotic line. The locus on chromosome 2 encodes ChiA1, a bifunctional GH18 chitinase/lysozyme. The enzymatic activity of ChiA1 is dispensable for the development of necrosis. We propose that the extremely high expression of ChiA1 involves a positive feedback loop between the loci on chromosomes 2 and 7. ChiA1 is tightly linked to major genes involved in the adaptation to different pollinators, a form of pre-zygotic isolation. This linkage of pre- and post-zygotic barriers strengthens reproductive isolation and probably contributes to rapid diversification and speciation.