bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Global Nonlinear Force-Free Coronal Magnetic-Field Extrapolation Code Implemented on a Yin–Yang Grid
Authors: Koumtzis Argyrios , Wiegelmann Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe solar magnetic field dominates and structures the solar coronal plasma. Detailed insights into the coronal magnetic field are important to understand most physical phenomena there. While direct, routine measurements of the coronal magnetic field are not available, field extrapolation of the photospheric vector-field measurements into the corona is the only way to study the structure and dynamics of the coronal field. Here we focus on global coronal structures traditionally modeled using spherical grids and synoptic vector magnetograms as boundary conditions. We developed a new code that performs nonlinear force-free magnetic-field extrapolations in spherical geometry. Our new implementation is based on a well-established optimization principle on a Cartesian grid and a single spherical finite-difference grid. In the present work, for the first time, the algorithm is able to reconstruct the magnetic field in the entire corona, including the polar regions. The finite-difference numerical scheme that was employed in previous spherical-code versions suffered from numerical inefficiencies because of the convergence of those grids on the poles. In our new code, we implement the so-called Yin–Yang overhead grid, the structure of which addresses this difficulty. Consequently, both the speed and accuracy of the optimization algorithm are improved compared to the previous implementations. We tested our new code using the well known semi-analytical model (Low and Lou solution). This is a commonly used benchmark for nonlinear force-free extrapolation codes.
Strategising PhD supervision in Ukrainian higher education
Authors: Hladchenko Myroslava 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores the implications of the national, organisational and individual cultural dimensions for the strategies of PhD supervisors. The intended outcome of PhD supervision is considered to be a doctoral graduate with advanced research skills as well as an original contribution to knowledge production. Data emanate from the interviews with 12 doctoral supervisors from several disciplines affiliated with one of the leading Ukrainian universities. The PhD supervisors were interviewed in April-June 2018. The study findings indicate that, firstly, institutional and cultural complexities which refer to the lack of favourable conditions for doctoral supervision hinder PhD supervisors from achieving the intended outcome. Secondly, the strategic goals and adopted courses of action of PhD supervisors also depend on their values, beliefs, knowledge and skills and if they are unrelated to the intented outcome of PhD supervision it hinders the PhD candidates from acquiring advanced research skills as well as making an original contribution to knowledge production.
Educating Engineering Students to Address Bias and Discrimination Within Their Project Teams
Authors: Isaac Siara , Kotluk Nihat , Tormey Roland 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhat training should engineering students receive to enable them to contribute to reducing bias, discrimination and the persistent lack of diversity in engineering? Collaboration is central to professional engineering work and, consequently, teamwork and group projects are increasingly present in engineering curricula. However, the influence of unconscious bias on interactions within teams can negatively affect women and underrepresented groups and is now recognised as an important engineering ethics issue. This paper describes a workshop designed to enable engineering students to work equitably in diverse teams. Key features of the workshop include (1) the emotionally safe, empowering and warm environment created, (2) the creation of opportunities for students to discuss and apply the issues raised to their own engineering projects, and (3) the opportunities to practice the use of both proactive and reactive strategies to address bias and discrimination in teams. The evaluation of the workshop suggests that engineering students regarded both onsite and online formats as providing useful skills that they intended to apply in practice. Follow-up evaluations suggest that the workshop leads to behavioural change, especially the use of proactive teamwork strategies intended to reduce the impact of unconscious bias.
Informal Care and Subjective Well-Being among Older Adults in Selected European Countries
Authors: Abramowska-Kmon Anita , Łątkowski Wojciech , Rynko Maja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA person’s health status is one of the strongest determinants of well-being. The negative impact of poor health on subjective well-being may be moderated by providing care to individuals in need. In this paper, we investigate the relationships between receiving informal care and the amount of care received and subjective well-being among people aged 65 or older in selected European countries. Our analysis of data from the 6th wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) showed that receiving regular informal care was associated with higher subjective well-being among older people in Northern European countries, and with lower subjective well-being among older males in Southern European countries. Moreover, we found that the perception of the amount of help received affected the subjective well-being of older people, as those who reported that the support they received was either insufficient or met their needs had lower subjective well-being than those who were not in need of care. Our results also showed that receiving formal care was negatively related with subjective well-being among older adults in Northern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. In the context of population ageing and the growing need for care, social policies that support both sides of the caregiving relationship could enhance subjective quality of life.
Quantitative comparative analysis of amyloid PET images using three radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Jeong Young Jin , Yoon Hyun Jin , Kang Do-Young , Park Kyung Won 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) with F-18 florbetaben (FBB), F-18 flutemetamol (FMM), and F-18 florapronol (FPN) is being used clinically for the evaluation of dementia. These radiopharmaceuticals are commonly used to evaluate the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain, but there are structural differences between them. We investigated whether there are any differences in the imaging characteristics.

Methods
A total of 605 subjects were enrolled retrospectively in this study, including healthy subjects (HS) and patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease. Participants underwent amyloid PET imaging using one of the three radiopharmaceuticals. The PET images were analyzed visually and semi-quantitatively using a standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR). In addition, we calculated and compared the cut-off SUVR of the representative regions for each radiopharmaceutical that can distinguish between positive and negative scans.

Results
In the negative images of the HS group, the contrast between the white matter and the gray matter was high in the FMM PET images, while striatal uptake was relatively higher in the FPN PET images. The SUVR showed significant differences across the radiopharmaceuticals in all areas except the temporal lobe, but the range of differences was relatively small. Accuracy levels for the global cut-off SUVR to discriminate between positive and negative images were highest in FMM PET, with a value of 0.989. FBB PET also showed a high value of 0.978, while FPN PET showed a relatively low value of 0.901.

Conclusions
Negative amyloid PET images using the three radiopharmaceuticals showed visually and quantitatively similar imaging characteristics except in the striatum. Binary classification using the cut-off of the global cortex showed high accuracy overall, although there were some differences between the three PET images.
Experimental Investigations of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites and Their Constituents to Determine Their Elastic Material Properties and Complementary Inhomogeneous Experiments with Local Strain Considerations
Authors: Penner Eduard , Caylak Ismail , Mahnken Rolf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComposite materials, such as fiber reinforced polymers, become increasingly important due to their excellent mechanical and lightweight properties. In this respect, this paper reports the characterization of a unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite material. Particularly, the mechanical behavior of the overall composite and of the individual constituents of the composite is investigated. To this end, tensile and shear tests are performed for the composite. As a result, statistics for five transversely isotropic material parameters can be established for the composite. For the description of the mechanical properties of the constituents, tensile tests for the carbon fiber as well as for the polymer matrix are carried out. In addition, the volume fraction of fibers in the matrix is determined experimentally using an ashing technique and Archimedes’ principle. For the Young’s modulus of the fiber, the Young’s modulus and transverse contraction of the matrix, as well as the volume fraction of the constituents, statistics can be concluded. The resulting mechanical properties on both scales are useful for the application and validation of different material models and homogenization methods. Finally, in order to validate the obtained properties in the future, inhomogeneous tests were performed, once a flat plate with a hole and a flat plate with semicircular notches.
Effects of increasing the width of collar on reduction of scouring surrounding the rectangular piers in a 180-degree bend
Authors: Dehghan Danesh , Vaghefi Mohammad , Ghodsian Masoud 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEmployment of protective structures is vital for reducing the effect of the local scour created surrounding the bridge piers. One of the most effective protective structures used for controlling and reducing scour surrounding the bridge piers is the collars. Hence, research on the mechanism of scouring surrounding the combination of pier and collar as well as the effect of collar on reduction of scouring surrounding the pier is of great significance. In this study, the effect of various collar width-to-pier width ratios on reduction of scouring parameters surrounding the rectangular piers has been investigated experimentally in various 180-degree sharp bend positions. The experiments were conducted under clear water and threshold of sediment motion in the upstream straight path. Results indicated that collars with collar width-to-pier width ratios equal to 3 to 4 perform the best at reducing the maximum depth of scouring in front of the nose of piers. Increasing the width of collar surrounding the piers reduces the maximum depth of scouring. Increasing the length of pier reduces the efficiency and effectiveness of the collar in delaying the scour process at the pier nose as well as the amount of the maximum scour reduction. The highest amount of scour depth reduction occurred in the vicinity of the pier and the collar at the 90-degree section with the collar installed with a ratio of collar width to pier width equal to 4 surrounding the piers with a ratio of length to width equal to 2 and 3 by approximately 75 and 70%, respectively.
Thermal uncertainty analysis of a single particle model for a Lithium-Ion cell
Authors: Capistrán Marcos A. , Infante Juan-Antonio , Ramos Ángel M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the sustained increase in the worldwide demand for lithium batteries goes side by side with the need for reliable methods to assess battery performance. Of particular importance is assessing Lithium-Ion cell’s thermal behavior given its role on hazard and aging of batteries. An essential task towards developing battery management systems is the estimation of physical parameters and their uncertainties in terms of both models and observations. Consequently, this paper analyzes the uncertainty in a thermal single particle model for a lithium-ion cell. In the first part of the manuscript, we explore the model adequacy by analyzing the forward and backward uncertainty propagation in the model in terms of diffusion coefficients, reaction rate constants, and observations of cell voltage. In the second part of the manuscript, we infer the cell’s reversible heat given the energy balance equation and the cell’s temperature observations. We argue that the methods proposed here may be extended to analyze other more general lithium-ion models.
Contemporary Approaches for Monitoring Food Marketing to Children to Progress Policy Actions
Authors: Kelly Bridget , Backholer Kathryn , Boyland Emma , Kent Monique Potvin , Bragg Marie A. , Karupaiah Tilakavati , Ng SeeHoe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Protecting children from unhealthful food marketing is a global priority policy for improving population diets. Monitoring the nature and extent of children’s exposure to this marketing is critical in policy development and implementation. This review summarises contemporary approaches to monitor the nature and extent of food marketing to support policy reform.

Recent Findings
Monitoring approaches vary depending on the stage of progress of related policy implementation, with resource implications and opportunity costs. Considerations include priority media/settings. marketing techniques assessed, approach to classifying foods, study design and if exposure assessments are based on media content analyses or are estimated or observed based on children’s media use.

Summary
Current evidence is largely limited to high-income countries and focuses on content analyses of TV advertising. Ongoing efforts are needed to support monitoring in low-resource settings and to progress monitoring to better capture children’s actual exposures across media and settings.
A generalization of Lappan’s five point theorem
Authors: Singh Virender , Lal Banarsi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the following result: Let $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
be a family of meromorphic functions on a domain D and let $$S=\left\{ \varphi _i:1\le i \le 5\right\} $$

S
=

φ
i

:
1
≤
i
≤
5

be a set of five distinct meromorphic functions on D. If for each $$f \in \mathcal {F}$$

f
∈
F

and $$z_0 \in D$$

z
0

∈
D

, there is a constant $$M>0$$

M
>
0

such that $$f^{\#}(z_0) \le M$$

f
#

(

z
0

)

≤
M

whenever $$f(z_0)= \varphi (z_0)$$

f

(

z
0

)

=
φ

(

z
0

)

for some $$\varphi \in S$$

φ
∈
S

and if $$f(z_0) \ne \varphi (z_0)$$

f

(

z
0

)

≠
φ

(

z
0

)

for all $$\varphi \in S$$

φ
∈
S

whenever $$\varphi _i(z_0) = \varphi _j(z_0) $$

φ
i

(

z
0

)

=

φ
j

(

z
0

)

for some $$i,j \in \left\{ 1,2,3,4,5\right\} $$

i
,
j
∈

1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5

with $$i \ne j$$

i
≠
j

, then $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
is normal on D. Further we extend this result to the case where the set S contains fewer functions. In particular, our result generalizes the most significant theorem of Lappan (i.e. Lappan’s five point theorem).
Lost in Taxation
Authors: Massiani Jérôme 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCost–Benefit Analysis (CBA) was developed to assess the net socioeconomic benefits of a wide variety of projects in many fields. In this context, it is relevant to investigate how this method is actually used for project evaluation, and whether its merits and limitations are properly understood by a wider community of economists. In this study, we showcase a debate that took place in Italy in 2019 about an important high-speed rail project, following the publication of a CBA that received much criticism. To learn from this episode, we find it useful to set up a meta-model of CBA that allows the formalisation of a large number of CBA calculations (including potentially ill-founded calculations) and to verify their validity. With this meta model, we review the criticisms formulated during the 2019 CBA debate focusing on two salient topics; whether CBA should include taxation and whether the Rule-of-Half measure of users’ surplus is valid. Our analysis suggests: (1) That the proposed meta-equation can help in structuring the scientific debate regarding CBA and the relevant economic discussion about a given project; (2) with few exceptions, the criticisms formulated regarding the 2019 CBA on these topics were incorrect, mostly incoherent, also from an axiomatic point of view. This indicates that ill-founded methods are at risk of becoming well-accepted in the larger community of economists, with the risk of lowering the general quality of policy recommendations they can formulate. This underlines the need for economists to revise the misguided views of CBA.
The Perils of Riding Motocross: A Summary of this Extensive, Prospective Study
Authors: Hay Bruce , Singh Rohit , Hay Stuart 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Motocross is a high-risk form of motorbiking where serious injuries occur regularly, although little data have been collected to illustrate this relationship. Over 5 years, teams from RJAH Oswestry and RSH sought to demonstrate the impact of Motocross on orthopaedic presentation and workload.

Method
Data were collected prospectively over 5 years including 615 orthopaedic injuries associated with both recreational and competitive motocross.

Results
An increase in injury and operation frequency was observed, young males were identified as the highest risk participant. This was evident over winter and weekends, during the competitive racing season. A variety of injuries have been implicated, some with life threatening or disabling consequences.

Conclusion
Motocross has seen exponential growth in popularity with increases in injuries and operations. This implicates major impacts on finances and healthcare, especially at times of seasonal vulnerability. The authors encourage event organisers to explore the avenues of rider safety in this increasingly popular sport.
Refractance window drying of walnut kernel (Juglans regia L.)
Authors: Taj Fazia , Khan Shafat Ahmad , Dar Aamir Hussain , Manzoor Neelofar , Kumar Navneet , Dwivedi Madhuresh , Singh Anurag , Kumar Manibhushan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the effect of refractance window (RW) drying and compare it with sun drying for various physicochemical properties of walnut kernels. Physical properties such as moisture content, texture, color analysis, and water activity were analyzed and results were found to be better than sun drying. The ΔE value of kernels was found lowest (4.36) at 70 °C and texture profile results were found better than those of walnut kernels obtained by sun drying. The total phenolic content, and the antioxidant activity of the RW-dried product were found significantly higher than the sun-dried sample. The TPC value of the RW dried sample obtained at 90 °C was found maximum to be 2710 ± 2.75 mg GAE/100 g. The IC50 value of RW dried walnut kernel was found lowest (4.12 ± 0.45 µg/mL) at 50 °C. The LOX activity of all samples was significantly lower in the case of RW drying. The lowest value was obtained (0.065 ± 0.015 µkat) at 50 °C. The CHNO(S) test depicted lower lipid oxidation in the case of RW-dried samples.
Modeling of wintertime regional formation of secondary organic aerosols around Beijing: sensitivity analysis and anthropogenic contributions
Authors: Zhang Yuepeng , Huang Huiying , Qin Weihua , Yu Qing , Sun Yuewei , Cheng Siming , Ahmad Mushtaq , Ouyang Wei , Soyol-Erdene Tseren-Ochir , Chen Jing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModeling of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has remained a big challenge due to the various precursors and complex processes involved. In this study, the WRF-CAMx model was used to predict the ambient SOA concentrations in urban Beijing as well as the North China Plain (NCP) during a polluted period in winter. To identify the major uncertainties and improve the model performance, a series of model tests were performed to assess the sensitivity of model prediction to the key factors. Then the sources of SOA in Beijing were identified using the optimized model. Both the volatility basis set (VBS) approach and the two-product approach were used for SOA simulation. Although the modeled SOA was underpredicted compared with the SOA estimated through filter-based measurements, the VBS scheme produced higher SOA than the traditional two-product scheme. According to the sensitivity tests with the VBS scheme, the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOC) as well as the oxidant levels were the key factors that affected SOA prediction. Based on the optimized simulation scenario, the potential contributions from different anthropogenic sources and source areas were identified, with over 80% of SOA in urban Beijing from regional transport of SOA or its precursors from the surrounding areas during the polluted period. Residential emission in the North China Plain appeared as the dominant source of SOA in urban Beijing from the perspective of regional contribution.
Graphical Abstract
Identifying strategies to advance equitable implementation of co-occurring mental health and substance use disorder treatment in drug treatment courts: A study protocol
Authors: Gaba Ayorkor , LoVette Ashleigh , Pridgen Bailey , Taylor Marquita , Woodward Eva , Rosal Milagros C. , Anderson Melissa , Smelson David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Behavioral health treatment disparities by race and ethnicity are well documented across the criminal legal system. Despite criminal legal settings such as drug treatment courts (DTCs) increasingly adopting evidence-based programs (EBPs) to improve care, there is a dearth of research identifying strategies to advance equitable implementation of EBPs and reduce racial/ethnic treatment disparities. This paper describes an innovative approach to identify community- and provider-generated strategies to support equitable implementation of an evidence-based co-occurring mental health and substance use disorder intervention, called Maintaining Independence and Sobriety through Systems Integration, Outreach and Networking-Criminal Justice (MISSION-CJ), in DTCs.

Methods/design:
Guided by the Health Equity Implementation Framework, qualitative interviews and surveys will assess factors facilitating and hindering equitable implementation of MISSION-CJ in DTCs among 30 Black/African American and/or Hispanic/Latino persons served and providers. Concept mapping with sixty Black/African American and/or Hispanic/Latino persons served and providers will gather community- and provider-generated strategies to address identified barriers. Finally, an advisory board will offer iterative feedback on the data to guide toolkit development and inform equitable implementation of MISSION-CJ within DTCs.

Conclusions:
The paper illustrates a protocol of a study based in community-engaged research and implementation science to understand multilevel drivers of racial/ethnic disparities in co-occurring disorder treatment and identify opportunities for intervention and improvements within criminal legal settings.