bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults
Authors:   By the 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers Criteria® (AGS Beers Criteria®) for Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) Use in Older Adults is widely used by clinicians, educators, researchers, healthcare administrators, and regulators. Since 2011, the AGS has been the steward of the criteria and has produced updates on a regular cycle. The AGS Beers Criteria® is an explicit list of PIMs that are typically best avoided by older adults in most circumstances or under specific situations, such as in certain diseases or conditions. For the 2023 update, an interprofessional expert panel reviewed the evidence published since the last update (2019) and based on a structured assessment process approved a number of important changes including the addition of new criteria, modification of existing criteria, and formatting changes to enhance usability. The criteria are intended to be applied to adults 65 years old and older in all ambulatory, acute, and institutionalized settings of care, except hospice and end‐of‐life care settings. Although the AGS Beers Criteria® may be used internationally, it is specifically designed for use in the United States and there may be additional considerations for certain drugs in specific countries. Whenever and wherever used, the AGS Beers Criteria® should be applied thoughtfully and in a manner that supports, rather than replaces, shared clinical decision‐making.
Los precios de las esmeraldas colombianas: Formas parasitarias de habitar la formalización minera en Colombia
Authors: Caraballo Acuña Vladimir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn Colombia, emerald traders often buy and sell their stones using ambiguities and contradictions, rather than certainties and agreements. In this way, they rescue the impossibility of the connection between emeralds and money so that the connection is both possible and impossible. Through an ethnographic analysis of these exchanges, in this article, I suggest that ambiguities and contradictions are, rather than failures in the emeralds‐money connection, sources for imagining and constructing novel connections. Framed in the context of Colombia's recent mining formalization, these emerald practices provide a glimpse of politics that seize the failures of standards, rather than seeking to correct them.
‘I'm still here, I'm alive and breathing’: The experience of Black Americans with long COVID
Authors: Bergmans Rachel S. , Chambers‐Peeple Keiyana , Yu Christine , Xiao Lillian Z. , Wegryn‐Jones Riley , Martin Allie , Dell'Imperio Samantha , Aboul‐Hassan Deena , Williams David A. , Clauw Daniel J. , DeJonckheere Melissa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to characterize the impact of long COVID on quality of life and approaches to symptom management among Black American adults.BackgroundAs a novel condition, qualitative evidence concerning long COVID symptoms and their impact on quality of life can inform the refinement of diagnostic criteria and care plans. However, the underrepresentation of Black Americans in long COVID research is a barrier to achieving equitable care for all long COVID patients.DesignWe employed an interpretive description study design.MethodsWe recruited a convenience sample of 15 Black American adults with long COVID. We analysed the anonymized transcripts from race‐concordant, semi‐structured interviews using an inductive, thematic analysis approach. We followed the SRQR reporting guidelines.ResultsWe identified four themes: (1) The impact of long COVID symptoms on personal identity and pre‐existing conditions; (2) Self‐management strategies for long COVID symptoms; (3) Social determinants of health and symptom management; and (4) Effects on interpersonal relationships.ConclusionFindings demonstrate the comprehensive ramifications of long COVID on the lives of Black American adults. Results also articulate how pre‐existing conditions, social risk factors, distrust due to systemic racism, and the nature of interpersonal relationships can complicate symptom management.Relevance to Clinical PracticeCare approaches that support access to and implementation of integrative therapies may be best suited to meet the needs of long COVID patients. Clinicians should also prioritize eliminating patient exposure to discrimination, implicit bias, and microaggressions. This is of particular concern for long COVID patients who have symptoms that are difficult to objectively quantify, such as pain and fatigue.No Patient or Public ContributionWhile patient perspectives and experiences were the focus of this study, patients were not involved with the design or conduct of the study, data analysis or interpretation, or writing the manuscript.
Morning naps architecture and mentation recall complexity
Authors: Sebastiani Laura , Barcaro Umberto , Paradisi Paolo , Frumento Paolo , Faraguna Ugo 
Published: May 2023

SummaryMentation reports were collected after spontaneous awakenings from morning naps in 18 healthy participants, and associations between sleep stages duration and complexity of recalled mentation were investigated. Participants were continuously recorded with polysomnography and allowed to sleep for a maximum of 2 hr. Mentation reports were classified according to both their complexity (1–6 scale) and their perceived timing of occurrence (Recent or Previous Mentation with respect to the final awakening). The results showed a good level of mentation recall, including different types of mentation with lab‐related stimuli. N1 + N2 duration was positively related to the complexity of Previous Mentation recall, while rapid eye movement sleep duration was negatively related. This suggests that the recall of complex mentation, such as dreaming with a plot, occurring far from awakening may depend on the length of N1 + N2. However, the duration of sleep stages did not predict the complexity of Recent Mentation recall. Nevertheless, 80% of participants who recalled Recent Mentation had a rapid eye movement sleep episode. Half of the participants reported incorporating lab‐related stimuli in their mentation, which positively correlated with both N1 + N2 and rapid eye movement duration. In conclusion, nap sleep architecture is informative about the complexity of dreams perceived as having occurred early during the sleep episode, but not about those perceived as recent.
Linking Religious Upbringing to Young Adult Moral Formation
Authors: Smith Jesse 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent scholarship has conceptualized morality in terms of multidimensional, intuitive traits that influence what people regard as right or wrong. Ample literature shows that religious factors are closely related to moral traits. However, little research has explored links between religious upbringing and adult moral outcomes. This study uses longitudinal data from the National Study of Youth and Religion to examine how diverse forms of religious socialization in adolescence are related to two well‐validated social‐scientific conceptions of morality in young adulthood: Haidt's moral foundations and Schwartz’ values typology. Using regression analyses and Lindeman, Merenda, and Gold (LMG) decomposition methods, I show that different aspects of religious upbringing are linked to the development of both moral foundations and values. Religious factors play a stronger role than either sociodemographics or parent political ideology in predicting young adult moral characteristics. Results highlight the centrality of religious upbringing to the state and trajectory of the population‐level moral structure.
Autopilot model for shield tunneling machines using support vector regression and its application to previously constructed tunnels
Authors: Kubota Yasuyuki , Yabuki Nobuyoshi , Fukuda Tomohiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough a shield tunneling machine is intended to excavate a tunnel along its planned alignment, deviations occur between the planned alignment and the measured alignment, which must be corrected. These operations are time‐consuming, and it is difficult to correct deviations. However, related studies have been unable to automatically calculate the optimum operation parameters. Therefore, this study sought to use machine learning to develop an autopilot model, which is a method to automatically calculate optimal operation parameters of the shield machine for straight and curved sections of the planned alignment in both plan and longitudinal views using support vector regression. As a result, it could automatically calculate operation parameters that predict a shield machine that excavates with the same or better excavating accuracy of a skilled operator and contributes to the automation of shield machine operation.
Exploring the lexical profile of advanced L2 writers: Longitudinal data from the Russian Overseas Flagship program
Authors: Comer William J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study explores the lexical profile of essays written by 48 advanced learners of second language (L2) Russian who participated in the Russian Overseas Flagship, an intensive year‐long study abroad program designed to help students reach Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) Level 3 proficiency in all skills. Using the lexical frequency profile and P–Lex as measures of vocabulary sophistication, the study found that over the 9 months of the program, students significantly increased their usage of words from the lowest frequency bands. This adds to previous findings that knowledge of lexical items at the 3,000–5,000 word frequency levels predicts reading proficiency at the ACTFL advanced high–superior level in Russian. However, the increase of vocabulary sophistication was not clearly correlated with improvements in the students’ writing proficiency scores, as measured on the ILR scale. A qualitative analysis of the students’ low‐frequency vocabulary usage reveals their control of native Russian vocabulary and derivational morphology. The analyses reveal the effects of writing tasks on student vocabulary usage.
Pain cannot (just) be whatever the person says: A critique of a dogma
Authors: Djordjevic Charles 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMcCaffery's definition of pain has proven to be one of the most consequential in nursing and healthcare more generally. She put forward this definition in response to the persistent undertreatment of pain. However, despite raising her definition to the status of a dogma, the undertreatment remains a real problem. This essay explores the contention that McCaffery's definition of pain elides critical aspects of it, aspects that demand consideration when treating pain. In section I, I set the stage. I discuss how McCaffery's definition and her understanding of pain science interrelate. In section II, I raise three problems for this understanding. In section III, I argue that these problems stem from an incoherency in her definition. Finally, in section IV, I draw from hospice nursing as well as philosophy and the social sciences to redefine ‘pain’ so that an intersubjective feature of it is foregrounded. I also briefly discuss one implication this redefinition has for pain management.
Impact of comorbid allergic diseases on health‐related quality of life of Hong Kong schoolchildren
Authors: Ng Christina Sum Yi , Chan Celia Hoi Yan , Fung Yat Lui , Chau Priscilla Sin Ying , Luk David Chi Kong , Cheng James Wesley Ching Hei , Tsang Yuk Ping , Lam Ying Yin , Chu Ashleigh Ka Ying 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the relationship between childhood allergic disease and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) have mostly been confined to a single allergic condition. Therefore, a composite allergic score (CAS) was derived to assess the accumulated effect of eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis on HRQOL in Hong Kong schoolchildren.MethodsParents of grade one/two or grade eight/nine schoolchildren completed a questionnaire assessing the prevalence and severity of eczema (POEM), asthma (C‐ACT/ACT), and allergic rhinitis (VAS) and schoolchildren's HRQOL (PedsQL). Three rounds of recruitment were conducted. A total of 19 primary and 25 secondary schools agreed to participate.ResultsData from 1140 caregivers of grade one/two schoolchildren and 1048 grade eight/nine schoolchildren were imputed and analyzed. The proportion of female respondents were lower in grade one/two (37.7%) but higher in grade eight/nine (57.3%). 63.8% of grade one/two and 58.1% of grade eight/nine schoolchildren reported having at least one allergic disease.In general, greater disease severity was significantly associated with lower HRQOL. After controlling for age, gender, and allergic comorbidity in hierarchical regressions, CAS significantly predicted all HRQOL outcomes in both grade one/two and grade eight/nine schoolchildren. Female grade eight/nine schoolchildren reported lower HRQOL outcomes.ConclusionComposite allergic score may be a practical tool to evaluate allergic comorbidity and the effectiveness of treatments targeting common pathological mechanisms of allergic diseases. Non‐pharmaceutical approaches should be considered, especially for patients with more than one allergic disease and greater severity.
Micro‐relief characterization of benign and malignant skin lesions by polarization speckle analysis in vivo
Authors: Tchvialeva Lioudmila , Phillips Jamie , Louie Daniel C. , Zeng Haishan , Lui Harvey , Lee Tim K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground/PurposeA recent direction in skin disease classification is to develop quantitative diagnostic techniques. Skin relief, colloquially known as roughness, is an important clinical feature. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a novel polarization speckle technique to quantitatively measure roughness on skin lesions in vivo. We then calculate the average roughness of different types of skin lesions to determine the extent to which polarization speckle roughness measurements can be used to identify skin cancer.MethodsThe experimental conditions were set to target the fine relief structure on the order of ten microns within a small field of view of 3 mm. The device was tested in a clinical study on patients with malignant and benign skin lesions that resemble cancer. The cancer group includes 37 malignant melanomas (MM), 43 basal cell carcinomas (BCC), and 26 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), all categories confirmed by gold standard biopsy. The benign group includes 109 seborrheic keratoses (SK), 79 nevi, and 11 actinic keratoses (AK). Normal skin roughness was obtained for the same patients (301 different body sites proximal to the lesion).ResultsThe average root mean squared (rms) roughness ± standard error of the mean for MM and nevus was equal to 19 ± 5 μm and 21 ± 3 μm, respectively. Normal skin has rms roughness of 31 ± 3 μm, other lesions have roughness of 35 ± 10 μm (AK), 35 ± 7 μm (SCC), 31 ± 4 μm (SK), and 30 ± 5 μm (BCC).ConclusionAn independent‐samples Kruskal–Wallis test indicates that MM and nevus can be separated from each of the tested types of lesions, except each other. These results quantify clinical knowledge of lesion roughness and could be useful for optical cancer detection.
State‐level politicization of crisis communication on Twitter during COVID‐19: Conceptualization, measurement, and impacts
Authors: Hu Qian , Zhong Wei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe political dimension of crisis communication remains understudied in public administration. We defined the politicization of government crisis communication as the employment of politics‐oriented communication strategies in crisis messaging. We further examined the state‐level politicization occurring during COVID‐19 and its influence on public engagement and policy compliance. We applied machine learning algorithms to analyze 43,642 Twitter messages posted by fifty US state governors, assessing the extent to which these governors politicized crisis communication. We compiled data from multiple sources to explore the influence of communication politicization on public engagement and compliance behaviors. While most governors showed major concerns regarding reputation and blame, their level of politicization and selection of communication strategies varied. Increased levels of communication politicization discouraged the public's online engagement and policy compliance. Excessive levels of political consideration could undermine the legitimacy and effectiveness of government crisis communication, and thus an examination of their relationship was essential.
Social identification and risk dynamics: How perceptions of (inter)personal and collective risk impact the adoption of COVID‐19 preventative behaviors
Authors: Atkinson Mark , Neville Fergus , Ntontis Evangelos , Reicher Stephen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPublic adoption of preventative behaviors to reduce the transmission of COVID‐19 is crucial to managing the pandemic, and so it is vital to determine what factors influence the uptake of those behaviors. Previous studies have identified COVID‐19 risk perceptions as a key factor, but this work has typically been limited both in assuming that risk means risk to the personal self, and in being reliant on self‐reported data. Drawing on the social identity approach, we conducted two online studies in which we investigated the effects of two different types of risk on preventative measure taking: risk to the personal self and risk to the collective self (i.e., members of a group with which one identifies). Both studies involved behavioral measures using innovative interactive tasks. In Study 1 (n = 199; data collected 27 May 2021), we investigated the effects of (inter)personal and collective risk on physical distancing. In Study 2 (n = 553; data collected 20 September 2021), we investigated the effects of (inter)personal and collective risk on the speed at which tests are booked as COVID‐19 symptoms develop. In both studies, we find that perceptions of collective risk, but not perceptions of (inter)personal risk, influence the extent to which preventative measures are adopted. We discuss the implications both conceptually (as they relate to both the conceptualization of risk and social identity processes) and also practically (in terms of the implications for public health communications).
The rage we should have: Comments on Myisha Cherry's The Case for Rage
Authors: Dror Lidal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn The Case for Rage, Myisha Cherry demonstrates that antiracist rage can be instrumentally valuable, a fitting response to racism, and, therefore, wrong for us to dismiss. That is, on Cherry's account, antiracist anger is useful, fitting, and (in some sense) permissible. In this article, I argue that we should go beyond saying that this antiracist rage is permissible, that the correct thing to say is that people should have antiracist anger, and that anger should be of a (somewhat) specific intensity. I further argue that this antiracist anger must also involve action, because the mere experiencing of Lordean rage is not a sufficient act of “resistance.” I lastly argue that we should countenance more “destructive” forms of antiracist rage as permissible, including what Cherry calls “ressentiment rage.”
Numerical Simulation of the 3D Simultaneous Heat and Mass Transfer in a Forced Convection Solar Drying System Integrated With Thermal Storage Material
Authors: Komolafe Clement A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The demand for quality dried products necessitates cost effective and innovative drying techniques that will improve its market value. The slow drying rate, weather dependency, and moisture reabsorption have been identified as the major challenges of solar drying operation. To address these shortcomings, hybrid solar drying systems have been recommended for the drying of various agricultural materials and other porous products. Designing a better drying system to accommodate thermal storage materials requires detailed analysis, which could be achieved through numerical simulation. Therefore, the numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer in a forced convection solar drying system integrated with black-coated firebrick sensible thermal storage materials (STSM) for the cocoa beans, locust beans, cereal grains, etc., was investigated under no-load conditions. The equations governing the fluid flow for a three-dimensional solar drying system were solved using the finite volume method with the aid of ansys, the computational fluid dynamics software to comprehend the dynamic and thermal behavior of the airflow within the dryer. The experimental maximum temperature values of 96.9 °C and 77.3 °C for the collector and drying chamber were in agreement with the simulated maximum collector and drying chamber temperatures of 116.9 °C and 80 °C respectively. The designed solar drying system with the incorporated STSM showed the capacity of raising the temperature of the air within the drying chamber to 3–37 °C above ambient temperature between 01:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. The agreement of the simulated dryer model with the experimental one is an indication that the developed dryer is suitable for drying cocoa, locust beans, fish, cereal grains, and some other agricultural products within an acceptable period based on the previous studies and therefore, the drying system is recommended to avoid the shortcomings associated with traditional/open sun drying.
Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion of TiO2 Nanotubes Decorated With Ag Silver Nanoparticles Prepared by Photo-Reduction Process
Authors: Dhiflaoui Hafedh , Hajjaji Mohamed Aziz , Hajjaji Anouar , Khezami Lotfi , Karrech Ali , Bessais Brahim , Cheikh Larbi Ahmed Ben , Amlouk Mosbah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the present study, the adhesion of TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) to thicker substrates was improved by decorating them with metallic Ag nanoparticles (NPs) using the photo-reduction process. The obtained coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The XRD confirmed that all TiO2-NTs crystallized in anatase after annealing at 400 °C regardless of the anodization potential. The SEM indicated that the TiO2-NTs were uniformly distributed on the substrate with an ordered and vertically aligned morphology. It also revealed that the diameter of the TiO2-NTs reached ∼100 nm. The decoration of TiO2-NTs surface with silver nanoparticles was assessed by the TEM. Moreover, a new scratch test mode called “wear mode” was performed to evaluate the wear resistance of the coatings. Results obtained by the scratch tests proved that the decorated coating with Ag nanoparticles improved the interfacial adhesion. The friction coefficient decreased from 0.65 to 0.45 when pure TiO2 was decorated with 10 min-Ag-NPs. The wear behavior was studied using a multi-pass scratch test. It was found that the wear volume reduced with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles. The study of the damage mechanisms showed visco-elastic plastic deformation in the pure TiO2 coating.