bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver-directed treatment is associated with improved survival and increased response to immune checkpoint blockade in metastatic uveal melanoma: results from a retrospective multicenter trial
Authors: Koch Elias A. T. , Petzold Anne , Wessely Anja , Dippel Edgar , Eckstein Markus , Gesierich Anja , Gutzmer Ralf , Hassel Jessica C. , Knorr Harald , Kreuzberg Nicole , Leiter Ulrike , Loquai Carmen , Meier Friedegund , Meissner Markus , Mohr Peter , Pföhler Claudia , Rahimi Farnaz , Schadendorf Dirk , Schlaak Max , Thoms Kai-Martin , Ugurel Selma , Utikal Jochen , Weichenthal Michael , Schuler-Thurner Beatrice , Berking Carola , Heppt Markus V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetastases of uveal melanoma (UM) spread predominantly to the liver. Due to low response rates to systemic therapies, liver-directed therapies (LDT) are commonly used for tumor control. The impact of LDT on the response to systemic treatment is unknown. A total of 182 patients with metastatic UM treated with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) were included in this analysis. Patients were recruited from prospective skin cancer centers and the German national skin cancer registry (ADOReg) of the German Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group (DeCOG). Two cohorts were compared: patients with LDT (cohort A, n = 78) versus those without LDT (cohort B, n = 104). Data were analyzed for response to treatment, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The median OS was significantly longer in cohort A than in cohort B (20.1 vs. 13.8 months; P = 0.0016) and a trend towards improved PFS was observed for cohort A (3.0 vs. 2.5 months; P = 0.054). The objective response rate to any ICB (16.7% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.0073) and combined ICB (14.1% vs. 4.5%, P = 0.017) was more favorable in cohort A. Our data suggest that the combination of LDT with ICB may be associated with a survival benefit and higher treatment response to ICB in patients with metastatic UM.
Thermal and Electrical Properties of Liquid Metal Gallium During Phase Transition
Authors: Wang Xizu , Repaka Durga Venkata Maheswar , Suwardi Ady , Zhu Qiang , Wu Jing , Xu Jianwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLiquid metal gallium has been widely used in numerous fields, from nuclear engineering, catalysts, and energy storage to electronics owing to its remarkable thermal and electrical properties along with low viscosity and nontoxicity. Compared with high-temperature liquid metals, room-temperature liquid metals, such as gallium (Ga), are emerging as promising alternatives for fabricating advanced energy storage devices, such as phase change materials, by harvesting the advantageous properties of their liquid state maintained without external energy input. However, the thermal and electrical properties of liquid metals at the phase transition are rather poorly studied, limiting their practical applications. In this study, we reported on the physical properties of the solid–liquid phase transition of Ga using a custom-designed, solid–liquid electrical and thermal measurement system. We observed that the electrical conductivity of Ga progressively decreases with an increase in temperature. However, the Seebeck coefficient of Ga increases from 0.2 to 2.1 µV/K, and thermal conductivity from 7.6 to 33 W/(K∙m). These electrical and thermal properties of Ga at solid–liquid phase transition would be useful for practical applications.
Elemental ratios as tracers of the sources of mineral dust in north-eastern Sahara
Authors: Boraiy M. , El-Metwally M. , Borbon A. , Chevaillier S. , Laurent B. , Lafon S. , El Sanabary F. F. , Masmoudi M. , Alfaro S. C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to confirm the possibility of tracing sources of airborne mineral dust using elemental ratios. The region of study is the north-eastern part of the Sahara where dust compositional data were lacking; 272 mineral dust samples collected at 3 experimental stations of Egypt were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. Based on the mineral dust concentration, 65% of the samples correspond to moderate (3–10 μg m−3), 22% to medium (10–25 μg m−3), and 13% to intense (> 25 μg m−3) dust events. The Ca/Al and (Mg + Ca)/Fe ratios were found to be strongly correlated and their ranges of variation to cover are more than one order of magnitude, which confirms their interest for the tracing of the dust sources. Using a combination of MODIS satellite observations, HYSPLIT back-trajectory analysis, and simulations with dust emission models, the large (> 6) and intermediate (2–6) Ca/Al ratios were shown to correspond to dust originating from saline playas (chotts) and calcareous surfaces, respectively. Conversely, the lowest (< 2) ratios correspond to dust emitted by siliceous sand seas (ergs). Therefore, a classification of the dust in 3 categories (erg-like, calcareous, and chott-like) based on Ca/Al is proposed. The events of moderate to medium intensity are dominated by chott-like and calcareous dust, which suggests that these sources are activated during erosion events of limited (local) extension. Conversely, the fact that the dust composition is more likely to be of the erg-like type during intense events underlines the dominant role played by sand dune fields during major erosion events.
Thermodynamic prediction of precipitations behaviour in HAZ of a gas metal arc welded S690QL with varying Ti and Nb content
Authors: Schroeder Nina , Rhode Michael , Kannengiesser Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor a significant increase in the strength of high-strength fine-grained structural steels with a nominal yield strength ≥690 MPa, the addition of microalloying elements such as Nb and Ti is required. The standard specifications for the chemical composition of these steels (e.g., in EN 10025-6) often only give the manufacturer limit contents to achieve the defined properties. The effect of the alloying elements in the heat affected zone (HAZ) is sometimes completely contrary. This makes it difficult to adequately predict the batch dependency regarding weldability and the load-bearing behaviour of the welded joint. Three different micro-alloyed steels of the grade S690QL were produced on a laboratory scale, focusing on different Nb and Ti contents. To investigate the tempering effect, these were gas metal arc welded in three layers. In addition to metallographic investigations of individual HAZ areas, thermodynamic phase calculations were carried out using Thermo-Calc, following variations in the chemical composition. This provides an understanding of phase transformation, precipitation growth, and dissolution during welding as a function of temperature and cooling conditions. The results show a divergent metallurgical behaviour in the HAZ of the three different micro-alloyed steels. Thereby, the Ti micro-alloyed grade showed a strong softening of the HAZ in contrast to the Nb micro-alloyed grade. This can be attributed to a contrary precipitation behaviour during welding.
Too Sour to be True? Tart Cherries (Prunus cerasus) and Sleep: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Stretton Brandon , Eranki Aditya , Kovoor Joshua , Bacchi Stephen , Gupta Aashray , Maddern Guy , Boyd Mark 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose for Review
Sleep deprivation and insomnia are associated with mortality and morbidity worldwide. A pharmacological agent that improves subjective and objective measures of sleep, without significant side effects, remains nebulous. However, initial randomised controlled trials suggest Prunus cerasus (tart cherry) ingestion may be beneficial. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effect of Prunus cerasus on objective and subjective measures of sleep.

Recent Findings
We identified a total of 277 unique records, from which 8 studies of low-moderate methodological quality were included in the systematic review. Meta-analysis of subjectively recalled sleep efficiency (SE) and total sleep time (TST) were not significant. Objective SE, however, was significantly higher in the cherry cohort when compared to placebo with an effect size of 0.63 (95% CI 0.29–0.97, P < 0.01). There was low associated heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Objective TST was significantly higher in the cherry cohorts, with a pooled effect size of 1.21 (95% CI 0.83–1.58, P < 0.01). There was high associated heterogeneity (I2 = 81.5%).

Summary
Whilst individuals may not subjectively experience a benefit, there is evidence to support significant improvements to total sleep time and sleep efficiency with the ingestion of Prunus cerasus using objective measures. Tart cherry may be the next frontier of sleep medicine and warrants further research.
Tiny adversarial multi-objective one-shot neural architecture search
Authors: Xie Guoyang , Wang Jinbao , Yu Guo , Lyu Jiayi , Zheng Feng , Jin Yaochu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe widely employed tiny neural networks (TNNs) in mobile devices are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, more advanced research on the robustness of TNNs is highly in demand. This work focuses on improving the robustness of TNNs without sacrificing the model’s accuracy. To find the optimal trade-off networks in terms of the adversarial accuracy, clean accuracy, and model size, we present TAM-NAS, a tiny adversarial multi-objective one-shot network architecture search method. First, we build a novel search space comprised of new tiny blocks and channels to establish a balance between the model size and adversarial performance. Then, we demonstrate how the supernet facilitates the acquisition of the optimal subnet under white-box adversarial attacks, provided that the supernet significantly impacts the subnet’s performance. Concretely, we investigate a new adversarial training paradigm by evaluating the adversarial transferability, the width of the supernet, and the distinction between training subnets from scratch and fine-tuning. Finally, we undertake statistical analysis for the layer-wise combination of specific blocks and channels on the first non-dominated front, which can be utilized as a design guideline for the design of TNNs.
Mapping change in higher-order networks with multilevel and overlapping communities
Authors: Holmgren Anton , Edler Daniel , Rosvall Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNew network models of complex systems use layers, state nodes, or hyperedges to capture higher-order interactions and dynamics. Simplifying how the higher-order networks change over time or depending on the network model would be easy with alluvial diagrams, which visualize community splits and merges between networks. However, alluvial diagrams were developed for networks with regular nodes assigned to non-overlapping flat communities. How should they be defined for nodes in layers, state nodes, or hyperedges? How can they depict multilevel, overlapping communities? Here we generalize alluvial diagrams to map change in higher-order networks and provide an interactive tool for anyone to generate alluvial diagrams. We use the alluvial diagram generator in three case studies to illustrate significant changes in the organization of science, the effect of modeling network flows with memory in a citation network and distinguishing multidisciplinary from field-specific journals, and the effects of multilayer representation of a collaboration hypergraph.
Construction 3D-printing in reducing the incidence of long latency respiratory diseases among construction workers in the UK
Authors: Filip G. A. , Abanda F. H. , Fru F. Azenwi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOnsite construction workers are exposed to many hazards which affect their body. However, dust and silica dust inhalation are often overlooked, most likely because it takes years to identify the side effects. The damage inflicted to the lungs is often irreversible as it is often discovered when it is too late. The aim of this research is to address the problem of occupational respiratory diseases among construction workers and investigate the potential of construction 3D printing in reducing the incidence of some of these diseases. The research objectives were to: identify the causes of the most prevalent respiratory diseases in construction; investigate the strategies of minimising onsite dust/ silica dust exposure; investigate the benefits of 3D printing in the minimisation of onsite dust/ silica dust exposure; explore the barriers of 3D printing in the minimisation of onsite dust/ silica dust exposure and explore the strategies for wider adoption of construction 3D printing to minimise the incidence of long latency respiratory diseases among construction workers. To achieve these objectives, a literature review was conducted, an online survey was carried out and professionals and researchers in the 3D printing field were interviewed to obtain relevant information to understand the intricacies of the new technology and its impact from workers’ health perspectives.
Vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roser Megan J. , Askin Geoffrey N. , Labrom Robert D. , Zahir Syeda Farah , Izatt Maree , Little J. Paige 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a recent procedure to correct and reduce spinal curves in skeletally immature patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the expected curve reduction and potential complications for adolescent patients after VBT.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane databases were searched until February 2022. Records were screened against pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data sources were prospective and retrospective studies. Demographics, mean differences in Cobb angle, surgical details and complication rates were recorded. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model.

Results
This systematic review includes 19 studies, and the meta-analysis includes 16 of these. VBT displayed a statistically significant reduction in Cobb angle from pre-operative to final (minimum 2 years) measurements. The initial mean Cobb angle was 47.8° (CI 95% 42.9–52.7°) and decreased to 22.2° (CI 95% 19.9–24.5°). The mean difference is − 25.8° (CI 95% − 28.9–22.7) (p < 0.01). The overall complication rate was 23% (CI 95% 14.4–31.6%), the most common complication was tether breakage 21.9% (CI 95% 10.6–33.1%). The spinal fusion rate was 7.2% (CI 95% 2.3–12.1%).

Conclusion
VBT results in a significant reduction of AIS at 2 years of follow-up. Overall complication rate was relatively high although the consequences of the complications are unknown. Further research is required to explore the reasons behind the complication rate and determine the optimal timing for the procedure. VBT remains a promising new procedure that is effective at reducing scoliotic curves and preventing spinal fusion in the majority of patients.

Level of evidence
Systematic review of Therapeutic Studies with evidence level II–IV.
Climate variability and mining sustainability: exploring operations’ perspectives on local effects and the willingness to adapt in Ghana
Authors: Tannor Salamatu J. , Borgemeister Christian , Addo–Danso Shalom D. , Greve Klaus , Tischbein Bernhard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe mining industry is susceptible to the effects of local climatic changes just as the surrounding socioecological systems are exposed to both mining and changing climate impacts. Adaptation deficit in mining is a worldwide problem but given the double exposure of surrounding systems, which has emergent outcomes on the industry, operations must adapt to coexist with surrounding rural communities. To understand this susceptibility, the study employed mixed methods to assess the implications of local climatic changes on mining sustainability as perceived among Ghanaian operations through the lens of the corporate adaptation process framework. The results indicate that operational workers are aware of increasing variability in the climatic patterns across southwestern Ghana, citing changes in the start/end of the rain season, torrential rain, prolonged dry season, and a general increase in temperature. The effects of these changing patterns, which affect mining activities, are diverse, including mine water management, safety, and occupational health issues as well as production planning opportunities. Workers ranked high the need to involve stakeholders such as the state-appointed regulators and Ghana Chamber of Mines as key strategies to enjoin adaptation to changing climate at operational sites. In addition, workers perceived the impact on regulatory and economic sustainability performances as major factors determining the industry’s perception and willingness to adapt. The study highlights pertinent issues useful for informed policy decision-making in the strive towards attaining sustainable development goals, especially Goal 13, which calls for active collaboration between business and society.
City-county coordination in spatial planning: a case study in Wenzhou
Authors: Liu Xueliang , Fu Tingting , Cheng Xiangwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCounty-level economy is a major driver of economic growth in Zhejiang Province. However, as it develops, it poses severe challenges to the comprehensive sustainable development of the cities, particularly Wenzhou. The comprehensive spatial planning of Wenzhou should incorporate an comprehensive and coordinated plan for the protection, development, utilization and restoration of the city’s territorial spaces to tackle the problems caused by decentralized development. To this end, we propose that the spatial planning of Wenzhou should focus on integrating the main center of the metropolitan area for coordinated allocation of resources. We have developed the planning strategy of “Strong Center, Strong Network, Strong Node and New Mechanism” for the main center of Wenzhou metropolitan area to help Wenzhou boost specialization and build further upon its areas of strength. These efforts help enhance the comprehensive capacity of Wenzhou through spatial integration.
Review of microplastics in lakes: sources, distribution characteristics, and environmental effects
Authors: Pan Ting , Liao Haiqing , Yang Fang , Sun Fuhong , Guo Youjun , Yang Hao , Feng Dongxia , Zhou Xingxuan , Wang Qianqian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are contaminants that damage lake ecosystems by enriching pollutants. This study investigated the current state of MPs in lakes using the bibliometric method and correlation analysis. The results show that the abundance of MPs in lakes is negatively correlated with the depth and area of lakes and distance to populated areas, and positively correlated with the surrounding population density. The main factors influencing MP abundance were human activities, including pollution diffusion and waste generation from agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities. MPs are prevalent in water systems and vary by type and shape. Moreover, MPs are vertically distributed in lakes, resulting in high concentrations in sediments. Lake ice caps adsorb MPs from water and air during freezing, leading to higher concentrations of MPs on the surface and lower layers of ice caps (10–100 times higher than in water). Moreover, mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of MPs on organisms in aquatic ecosystems are identified in the study. MPs can inhibit the growth of aquatic plants by suppressing photosynthesis. When combined with other pollutants, MPs disrupt energy metabolism, cause physiological changes in the liver, and even lead to the death of aquatic organisms. We established that the evidence regarding the migration regulation of MPs in ice, water, sediment, and other multi-media is currently insufficient and requires further exploration. This study aims to identify sources, pathways, regulations, and effects of MPs in lakes to support future research and solutions.
Graphical Abstract
Glide-snow avalanche characteristics at different timescales extracted from time-lapse photography
Authors: Fees Amelie , van Herwijnen Alec , Altenbach Moritz , Lombardo Michael , Schweizer Jürg 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Glide-snow avalanches release due to a loss of friction at the snow–ground interface, which can result in large avalanches that endanger infrastructure in alpine regions. The underlying processes are still relatively poorly understood, in part due to the limited data available on glide processes. Here, we introduce a pixel-based algorithm to detect glide cracks in time-lapse photographs under changing illumination and shadow conditions. The algorithm was applied to 14 years of time-lapse images at Dorfberg (Davos, Switzerland). We analysed 947 glide-snow events at a high-spatial (0.5 m) and temporal (2–15 min) resolution. Avalanche activity and glide-crack opening dynamics were investigated across timescales ranging from seasonally to hourly. Events were separated into surface (meltwater percolation) and interface events (no meltwater percolation). The results show that glide activity is highly variable between and within seasons. Most avalanches released without crack formation or within 24 h after crack opening, and release was favoured in the afternoon hours. Glide rates often showed a stick–slip behaviour. The acceleration of glide rates and non-constant increases in glide crack aspect ratio were indicators for avalanche release. This comprehensive dataset provides the basis for further investigations into glide-snow avalanche drivers.
On infinitely many foliations by caustics in strictly convex open billiards
Authors: GLUTSYUK ALEXEY 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReflection in a strictly convex bounded planar billiard acts on the space of oriented lines and preserves a standard area form. A caustic is a curve C whose tangent lines are reflected by the billiard to lines tangent to C. The famous Birkhoff conjecture states that the only strictly convex billiards with a foliation by closed caustics near the boundary are ellipses. By Lazutkin’s theorem, there always exists a Cantor family of closed caustics approaching the boundary. In the present paper, we deal with an open billiard, whose boundary is a strictly convex embedded (non-closed) curve
$\gamma $
. We prove that there exists a domain U adjacent to
$\gamma $
from the convex side and a
$C^\infty $
-smooth foliation of
$U\cup \gamma $
whose leaves are
$\gamma $
and (non-closed) caustics of the billiard. This generalizes a previous result by Melrose on the existence of a germ of foliation as above. We show that there exists a continuum of above foliations by caustics whose germs at each point in
$\gamma $
are pairwise different. We prove a more general version of this statement for
$\gamma $
being an (immersed) arc. It also applies to a billiard bounded by a closed strictly convex curve
$\gamma $
and yields infinitely many ‘immersed’ foliations by immersed caustics. For the proof of the above results, we state and prove their analogue for a special class of area-preserving maps generalizing billiard reflections: the so-called
$C^{\infty }$
-lifted strongly billiard-like maps. We also prove a series of results on conjugacy of billiard maps near the boundary for open curves of the above type.