bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Endoscopic Endonasal and Endoscopic-Assisted Transmaxillary Transpterygoid Approaches
Authors: Agosti Edoardo , Rezende Natália Cerqueira , Leonel Luciano C. P. C. , Alexander A. Yohan , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Peris-Celda Maria 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction The endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approach (EETPA) with or without the addition of the endoscopic-assisted sublabial anterior transmaxillary approach (ESTA) has become increasingly utilized for lesions posterior to the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF), including infratemporal fossa (ITF), lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus, Meckel's cave, petrous apex, and parapharyngeal space. The main goal of this study is to develop an educational resource to learn the steps of the EETPA for trainees.
Methods EETPA and ESTA were performed in 12 specimens by neurosurgery trainees, under supervision from the senior authors. One EETPA and one ESTA were performed on each specimen on opposite sides. Dissections were supplemented with representative cases.
Results After a wide unilateral sphenoidotomy, ethmoidectomy, and partial medial maxillectomy, the anteromedial bone limits of the PPF were identified and drilled out. The pterygoid progress was modularly removed. By enlarging the opening of the posterior and lateral walls of the maxillary sinus through EETPA and ESTA, respectively, the neurovascular and muscular compartments of the PPF and ITF were better identified. The EETPA opens direct corridors to the PPF, medial ITF, middle cranial fossa, cavernous sinus, Meckel's cave, petrous apex, and internal carotid artery. If a more lateral exposure of the ITF is needed, the ESTA is an appropriate addition.
Conclusion Despite the steep learning curve of the EETPA, granular knowledge of its surgical anatomy and basic surgical steps are vital for those advancing their learning in complex endoscopic approaches to the ventral skull base when expanding the approach laterally in the coronal plane.
Bone marrow-derived IGF-1 orchestrates maintenance and regeneration of the adult skeleton
Authors: Wang Jianfang , Zhu Qiaoling , Cao Dandan , Peng Qiqi , Zhang Xiaoying , Li Chong , Zhang Chen , Zhou Bo O. , Yue Rui 
Published: December 2022

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) is a key regulator of tissue growth and development in response to growth hormone stimulation. In the skeletal system, IGF-1 derived from osteoblasts and chondrocytes are essential for normal bone development; however, whether bone marrow (BM)-resident cells provide distinct sources of IGF-1 in the adult skeleton remains elusive. Here, we show that BM stromal cells (BMSCs) and megakaryocytes/platelets (MKs/PLTs) express the highest levels of IGF-1 in adult long bones. Deletion of
Igf1
from BMSCs by Lepr-Cre leads to decreased bone formation, impaired bone regeneration, and increased BM adipogenesis. Importantly, reduction of BMSC-derived IGF-1 contributes to fasting-induced marrow fat accumulation. In contrast, deletion of
Igf1
from MKs/PLTs by Pf4-Cre leads to reduced bone formation and regeneration without affecting BM adipogenesis. To our surprise, MKs/PLTs are also an important source of systemic IGF-1. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from

Pf4-Cre; Igf1
f/f

mice showed compromised osteogenic potential both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that MK/PLT-derived IGF-1 underlies the therapeutic effects of PRP. Taken together, this study identifies BMSCs and MKs/PLTs as two important sources of IGF-1 that coordinate to maintain and regenerate the adult skeleton, highlighting reciprocal regulation between the hematopoietic and skeletal systems.
A self-powered and broadband UV PIN photodiode employing a NiOx layer and a β-Ga2O3 heterojunction
Authors: Vasquez Jose Manuel Taboada , Ashai Aasim , Lu Yi , Khandelwal Vishal , Rajbhar Manoj , Kumar Mritunjay , Li Xiaohang , Sarkar Biplab 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Crucial commercial and space applications require the detection of broadband ultraviolet (UV) rays spanning from UV-A to UV-C. In this study, the authors demonstrate a broadband UV photodetector employing a p-type NiOx layer and an n-type β-Ga2O3 heterostructure in PIN configuration for the first time. Simulations are conducted to optimize the doping concentration and thickness of the NiOx layer, ensuring that (a) a reasonable depletion width is maintained within the NiOx layer for UV-A and UV-B light absorption; (b) anode ohmic contacts are formed on the nondepleted NiOx film, and (c) >70% of the UV-C light is absorbed by β-Ga2O3. The optimized NiOx/β-Ga2O3 PIN photodiode exhibits good responsivity to incident light wavelengths in the UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C regions. While the NiOx layer is considered to be responsible for providing good photoresponsivity in the UV-A and UV-B regions, a highly resistive (near-intrinsic) β-Ga2O3 layer is required for the absorption of incident UV-C light. A record detectivity of >1011 cm Hz0.5 W−1 for the UV-B and UV-C regions and >1010 cm Hz0.5 W−1 for the UV-A region is observed in the NiOx/β-Ga2O3 heterostructure PIN photodiode during the self-powered operation. The results presented in this study are promising and instigate device design strategies for (ultra)wide bandgap semiconductor-based broadband UV PIN photodetectors.
Experimental investigation of CO2 conversion in Boudouard reaction driven by an atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma torch
Authors: Wu Yue , Li Shou-Zhe , Niu Yu-Long , Yan Hui-Jie , Yang Dezheng , Zhang Jialiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma torch (APMPT) is employed to drive Boudouard reaction [C(s) + CO2(g) → 2CO(g)] to convert CO2 into CO with storable chemical energy. In this experiment, the solid carbon is placed in the downstream of the afterglow of carbon dioxide APMPT, which is enclosed in reaction chamber, thereby the reaction occurs in the environment with a plenty of the active species and the large enthalpy. The conversion and energy efficiency are experimentally determined by measuring the change of the gas composition, which is analyzed with a Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer and gas chromatograph. The variations of conversion and energy efficiency are investigated with respect to the plasma state, which is tuned by changing microwave power, gas flow rate, and Ar-CO2 mixture ratio, and the different forms of carbon material. And the high conversion efficiency is obtained with use of the herbaceous type of biomass as carbon material and by increasing microwave power, however, the large percentage of CO2 in carrier gas and increasing gas flow rate impose a negative influence on CO2 conversion.
Response embedded atom model potential of Pb at finite temperature: application on the dislocation mobility
Authors: Li Pan , Huang Yongfeng , Wang Kun , Xiao Shifang , Yao Songlin , Hu Wangyu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dislocation is a major carrier of plastic deformation for metal materials and are crucial. Understanding the mechanism of dislocation motion is beneficial for understanding the plastic deformation of materials under dynamic loading. In this work, a new response EAM (REAM) potential is developed for the applications under high pressure and finite temperature conditions. We use the REAM potential to investigate the behaviors of edge and screw dislocations in Pb by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and compare it with two commonly used EAM potentials. Specially, we examine the influence of the stacking fault energy and the temperature-dependent elastic constants on the dislocation motions. Our results show that the temperature-dependent elastic constants do not considerably affect the dislocation motion at the linear region of low stress, while the stacking fault energy plays a significant role. In the nonlinear region, the stacking fault energy and elastic constant together influence the dislocation motion. In subsonic and low transonic regimes, the dislocation width oscillates with time, but eventually fluctuates around equilibrium width.
On the superstring-inspired quantum correction to the Starobinsky model of inflation
Authors: Ketov Sergei V. , Pozdeeva Ekaterina O. , Vernov Sergey Yu. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Superstring/M-theory is the theory of quantum gravity that can provide the UV-completion to viable inflation models. We modify the Starobinsky inflation model by adding the Bel-Robinson tensor Tμνλρ
squared term proposed as the leading quantum correction inspired by superstring theory. The (R + 1/6m
2
R
2 - β/8m
6
T
2) model under consideration has two parameters: the inflaton mass m and the string-inspired positive parameter β. We derive the equations of motion in the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universe and investigate its solutions. We find the physical bounds on the value of the parameter β by demanding the absence of ghosts and consistency of the derived inflationary observables with the measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation.
Studies on modified power law inflation
Authors: Paul Prasenjit , Sengupta Rikpratik , Ray Saibal 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, we evaluate power law inflation (PLI) with a monomial potential and obtain a novel exact solution. It is well known that the conventional PLI with an exponential potential is inconsistent with the Planck data. Unlike the standard PLI, the present model does not encounter the graceful exit problem, and the results agree fairly well with recent observations. In our analysis, we calculate the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio, both of which agree very well with recent observational data and are comparable with those of other modified inflationary models. The employed technique reveals that the large cosmological constant decreases with the expansion of the universe in the case of the PLI. The coupling of the inflaton with gravitation is the primary factor in this technique. The basic assumption here is that the two metric tensors in the gravitational and inflaton parts correspond to different conformal frames, which contradicts with the conventional PLI, where the inflaton is directly coupled with the background metric tensor. This fact has direct applications to different dark energy models and the assisted quintessence theory.
Determination of Distance, Extinction, Mass, and Age for Stars in LAMOST DR7
Authors: Wang Jianling , Cao Zihuang , Huang Yang , Yuan Haibo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Large scale spectroscopic surveys such as that using Large-sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) have collected spectra of millions stars in the Milky Way. Utilizing this huge sample of stars to study the assembling history and structure of our Galaxy requires accurate estimates of distance, extinction, age, and mass for individual stars. Combining the parallax constraint from Gaia EDR3 with Bayesian inference, we have estimated the distance and extinction for stars observed in LAMOST DR7, as well as the stellar mass and age for evolved stars in this data release. We validated the accuracies of the stellar parameters by comparing our results against various measurements, including the star-pair technique, asteroseismology, globular clusters, and isochrone fits to main sequence stars and subgiants. This is a valuable catalog of stellar parameters under a Bayesian framework estimated using the data from Gaia EDR3 and LAMOST spectroscopic data. With this data set we explored the stellar population of the Galactic massive substructure Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE). The kinematically selected members of GSE have a median metallicity of [Fe/H] = −1.29 and a median age of 11.6 Gyr.
Interfacial dynamics of GaP/Si(100) heterostructure grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Wei Tieshi , Li Xuefei , Li Zhiyun , Yang Wenxian , Wu Yuanyuan , Xing Zhiwei , Lu Shulong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The atomic structure and surface chemistry of GaP/Si(100) heterostructure with different pre-layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy are studied. It is found that GaP epilayer with Ga-riched pre-layers on Si(100) substrate has regular surface morphology and stoichiometric abrupt heterointerfaces from atomic force microscopes (AFMs) and spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopes (ACTEMs). The interfacial dynamics of GaP/Si(100) heterostructure is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) equipped with an Ar gas cluster ion beam, indicating that Ga pre-layers can lower the interface formation energy and the bond that is formed is more stable. These results suggest that Ga-riched pre-layers are more conducive to the GaP nucleation as well as the epitaxial growth of GaP material on Si(100) substrate.
Effect of warpage on the electronic structure and optical properties of bilayer germanene
Authors: Xiong Qihang , Cen Weifu , Wu Xingtong , Chen Cong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The electronic structure and optical properties of bilayer germanene under different warpages are studied by the first-principles method of density functional theory. The effects of warpages on the electronic structure and optical properties of bilayer germanene are analyzed. The results of the electronic structure study show that the bottom of the conduction band of bilayer germanene moves to the lower energy direction with the increase of warpages at the K point, and the top of the valence band stays constant at the K point, and so the band gap decreases with the increase of warpage. When the warpage is 0.075 nm, the top of the valence band of bilayer germanene changes from K point to G point, and the bilayer germanene becomes an indirect band gap semiconductor. This is an effective means to modulate the conversion of bilayer germanene between direct band gap semiconductor and indirect band gap semiconductor by adjusting the band structure of bilayer germanene effectively. The study of optical properties shows that the effect of warpage on the optical properties of bilayer germanene is mainly distributed in the ultraviolet and visible regions, and the warpage can effectively regulate the electronic structure and optical properties of bilayer germanene. When the warpage is 0.069 nm, the first peak of dielectric function and extinction coefficient is the largest, and the energy corresponding to the absorption band edge is the smallest. Therefore, the electron utilization rate is the best when the warpage is 0.069 nm.
Influence of architecture and temperature of alkali atom vapor cells on absorption spectra
Authors: Liu Yali , Li Wei , Li Yudong , Li Xiaokuan , Feng Liangsen , Li Xinliang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Chip-sized alkali atom vapor cells with high hermeticity are successfully fabricated through deep silicon etching and two anodic bonding processes. A self-built absorption spectrum testing system is used to test the absorption spectra of the rubidium atoms in alkali atom vapor cells. The influence of silicon cavity size, filling amount of rubidium atoms and temperature on the absorption spectra of rubidium atom vapor in the atom vapor cells are studied in depth through a theoretical analysis. This study provides a reference for the design and preparation of high quality chip-sized atom vapor cells.
Surface instability of static liquid metal in magnetized fusion plasma
Authors: Somboonkittichai N. , Zuo G.Z. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Understanding surface instability in magnetized fusion plasma supports the appropriate implementation and handling of liquid metal as plasma facing components (PFCs) in future fusion reactors. A Lagrange equation describing a viscous liquid surface deformation in a magnetized plasma is derived using Rayleigh’s method. Its solution justifies the general instability criterion and helps in characterizing the key interactions driving such instability under fusion conditions. Surface tension and gravity, especially with the poloidal angles of the lower part of a plasma chamber, mainly stabilize the liquid surface at small and large disturbance wavelengths, respectively. The sheath electric field and the external tangential magnetic field cause the liquid surface to disintegrate at an intermediate wavelength. Practically, a magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) device requires a strong magnetic field for confinement. The study suggests that such a strong field dominates the rest and governs instability. In addition, this implies that the configuration of a static planar free liquid surface is difficult to adopt as a candidate for handling the liquid metal as PFCs in next step MCF devices.
Compression and energy absorption properties of the truss-like lightweight materials based on symmetric groups
Authors: Ma Zhenhao , Ma Wensuo , Ma Zhenyu , Huang Zhaohua , Yang Liguang , Xu Yonghao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Truss-like lightweight materials (TLMs) have been widely used in aeronautics and astronautics, because of excellent mechanical property and superior energy absorption capability. The design of TLMs’ meso-structures was a critical task to improve its performance. Hence, a structure design method based on the symmetric groups was proposed for TLMs, and a novel hexagonal prism TLM’s meso-structure was deduced by the symmetric and translational operations of the space group P6mm. To investigate the performance of the novel TLM, the mechanical analysis model was established. The predictive equations of compression performance was proposed based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The stress distribution of the novel TLM’s meso-structure under compression load was discussed by the finite element analysis method, and its compression and energy absorption properties were investigated. The simulation results were in agreement with the predictive results. In addition, the common FCC and BCC TLMs were discussed using the symmetry group analysis method, and their compression properties were predicted. The results showed that the proposed novel TLM in this study had better compression property than BCC and FCC TLMs at the same relative density.
Mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced with carbon nanotubes and graphene filled epoxy composites: experimental and numerical investigations
Authors: Prasanthi P Phani , Kumar M S R Niranjan , Chowdary M Somaiah , Madhav V V Venu , Saxena Kuldeep K , Mohammed Kahtan A , Khan Muhammad Ijaz , Upadhyay Gaurav , Eldin Sayed M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were identified by adding carbon-based nano-reinforcements, such as multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene platelets (GP), into the epoxy matrix by conducting suitable experiments. The main focus of this study is to compare the tensile modulus, tensile strength, flexural modulus, flexural strength, and thermal conductivity of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with nanoparticle reinforcement. The results revealed that adding CNTs and GP nanoparticles improved the mechanical properties compared to a pure carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composite. However, compared to CNTs, the GP’s addition has increased the mechanical properties of the CFRP composite. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were presented to explore the microstructural characterization of carbon fiber-reinforced nanoparticle-reinforced composites. Further, using numerical studies, the transverse modulus, major and minor Poisson’s ratio of the carbon fibre reinforced with CNT and GP particle reinforcement were estimated. The current study is applied to the efficient design of nanoparticle reinforced carbon fibre reinforced composites.
Partitions of topological spaces and a new club-like principle
Authors: Carvalho Rodrigo , Fernandes Gabriel , Junqueira Lúcia 
Published: December 2022

We give a new proof of the following theorem due to W. Weiss and P. Komjath: if

X
X

is a regular topological space, with character

>

b

> \mathfrak {b}

and

X
→
(
t
o
p

ω
+
1

)

ω

1

X \rightarrow (top\, \omega + 1)^{1}_{\omega }

, then, for all

α
>

ω
1

\alpha > \omega _1

,

X
→
(
t
o
p

α

)

ω

1

X \rightarrow (top\, \alpha )^{1}_{\omega }

, fixing a gap in the original one. For that we consider a new decomposition of topological spaces. We also define a new combinatorial principle

♣

F

\clubsuit _{F}

, and use it to prove that it is consistent with

¬
C
H

\neg CH

that

b

\mathfrak {b}

is the optimal bound for the character of

X
X

. In [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 101 (1987), pp. 767–770], this was obtained using

♢
\diamondsuit

.
Distribution of moments of Hurwitz class numbers in arithmetic progressions and holomorphic projection
Authors: Kane Ben , Pujahari Sudhir 
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we study moments of Hurwitz class numbers associated to imaginary quadratic orders restricted into fixed arithmetic progressions. In particular, we fix

t
t

in an arithmetic progression

t
≡
m

(
mod

M
)

t\equiv m\ \, \left ( \operatorname {mod} \, M \right )

and consider the ratio of the

2
k

2k

-th moment to the zeroeth moment for

H
(
4
n
−

t
2

)

H(4n-t^2)

as one varies

n
n

. The special case

n
=

p
r

n=p^r

yields as a consequence asymptotic formulas for moments of the trace

t
≡
m

(
mod

M
)

t\equiv m\ \, \left ( \operatorname {mod} \, M \right )

of Frobenius on elliptic curves over finite fields with

p
r

p^r

elements.
Site-specific glycosylation and single amino acid substitution dramatically reduced the immunogenicity of β-lactoglobulin
Authors: Endo Michio , Yoshida Tadashi , Ishii Keisatoi , Iwamoto Taku , Totsuka Mamoru , Hattori Makoto 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTTo reduce the immunogenicity of β-lactoglobulin (BLG), we prepared recombinant BLG which has both site-specific glycosylation and single amino acid substitution (D28N/P126A), and expressed it in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris by fusion of the cDNA to the sequence coding for the α-factor signal peptide from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) analysis indicated that the D28N/P126A was conjugated with a ∼4 kDa high-mannose chain. D28N/P126A retained ∼61% of the retinol-binding activity of BLG. Structural analyses by circular dichroism (CD) spectra, intrinsic fluorescence, and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with monoclonal antibodies indicated that the surface structure of BLG was slightly changed by using protein engineering techniques, but D28N/P126A was covered by high-mannose chains and substituted amino acid without substantial disruption of native conformation. Antibody responses to the D28N/P126A considerably reduced in C57BL/6 mice. We conclude that inducing both site-specific glycosylation and single amino acid substitution simultaneously is an effective method to reduce the immunogenicity of BLG.