bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Description of Anatomical Joint Motion
Authors: Kirstukas Steven J. , Lewis Jack L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Anatomical joint motion is usually expressed as the motion of the distal boney segment relative to the more proximal boney segment of the two bones that articulate at the joint. Typically, right-handed Cartesian coordinate frames are assigned to each boney segment that is involved at the joint and the reported motion is that which occurs between the two coordinate frames. The quantitative description of motion is dependent upon two primary choices: (i) assignment of coordinate frames in the distal and proximal boney segments, (ii) and selection of the method used to locate the ‘movable’ distal frame relative to the ‘stationary’ proximal frame.
Temperature Measurement by Thermoreflectance at Near Grazing Angles
Authors: Lee Anthony S. , Hostetler John L. , Norris Pamela M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An ellipsometric method has been developed that utilizes a thermoreflectance technique to measure the differential reflectance from a polarization modulated laser beam at near grazing probe angles. The technique is investigated here as a potential method for monitoring small changes in temperature about a control point on closely stacked silicon wafers in a heated furnace during batch processing. The technique is demonstrated on both polished and unpolished wafers with a temperature resolution of ∼0.5°C. Temperature measurement and sensitivity is investigated for furnace temperatures ranging from 20°C to 1000°C.
Thermal Lagging in Amorphous Materials
Authors: Tzou Da Yu , Xu Yunsheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Thermal lagging in amorphous materials is studied in this work. Anomalous diffusion resulting from fracton vibrations on the fractal network are described in terms of the delayed response in time due to the percolating structure in such materials. In correspondence with the effects of fracton and fractal dimensions in percolating structures, slowing down of heat transport is found to be characterized by the ratio of two phase lags. The dual-phase-lag model fully describes the intrinsic transition from the stage of “close-to” diffusion at extremely short times, anomalous diffusion at intermediate times, and exact diffusion at relatively long times.
An Integrated Silicon Based Wall Pressure-Shear Stress Sensor for Measurements in Turbulent Flows
Authors: Löfdahl L. , Kälvesten E. , Hadzianagnostakis T. , Stemme G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An integrated silicon pressure-shear stress sensor has been designed, fabricated and tested in a turbulent wall-boundary layer . The piezoresistive pressure sensor is based on polysilicon diaphragm technology and the thermal shear stress sensor on the gas cooling of a polyimide insulated heated chip. The pressure sensor diaphragm area is 100 × 100 μm, the top-area of the shear stress sensor hot chip is 300 × 60 μm and the edge-to-edge distance between the two areas is 100 μm. The measured steady-state power dissipation of the shear stress sensor in a turbulent wall-boundary layer at an over-temperature of 100°C was P = 42 + 1.1τ00.50 mW where τ0 is the time-average wall shear stress. The new integrated sensor has been applied for the simultaneous measurement of fluctuating pressure and shear stress in a flat plate boundary layer at a Reynolds number range of 4.9 × 103 &lt; Reθ &lt; 1.0 × 104. Pressure-shear stress correlation coefficients were found between 0.40 and 0.50 for the parallel, and between 0.20 and 0.25 for the perpendicular configuration to the mean flow.
Coupled Fluids and Mechanics Simulations Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: van Kuijk Joost , Neagu Cristina , Gilbert John R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We have developed a simulation tool which combines finite element calculations in both the fluid domain and the mechanical domain. In the fluid domain, the Navier-Stokes equations are solved for steady state incompressible fluids with constant density and viscosity. In the mechanical domain, non-linear finite elements are used. The coupled problem itself is solved by a simple relaxation method. Both normal and shear fluid stresses are taken into account; at low Reynolds number the viscous forces become important. The program has been used to simulate a micro mechanically fabricated eye pressure regulator developed by Neagu (1996) and a collapsible membrane in a flow channel as reported in literature Luo (1995). We show that these coupled calculations are a necessity when modelling and simulating these devices. Membrane deflections in the coupled calculations differ more than 10 % from the non-coupled calculations even when geometrical non-linear mechanical analysis is used.
A Technique for Determining the Poisson’s Ratio of Thin Films
Authors: Krulevitch Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The theory and experimental approach for a new technique used to determine the Poisson’s ratio of thin films are presented. The method involves taking the ratio of curvatures of cantilever beams and plates micromachined out of the film of interest. Curvature is induced by a through-thickness variation in residual stress, or by depositing a thin film under residual stress onto the beams and plates. This approach is made practical by the fact that the two curvatures are the only required experimental parameters, and small calibration errors cancel when their ratio is taken. The uncertainly in this method is due primarily to variation in the measured curvatures, and should range from ±0.02 to 0.04 with proper measurement technique.
Development of a Tangential Tactor Using a LIGA/MEMS Linear Microactuator Technology
Authors: Ghodssi R. , Beebe D. J. , White V. , Denton D. D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tactile transducers can provide information via stimulating the skin of individuals who either have sensory disability or experience overload in other sensory modalities. Advances in Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) technologies have initiated research in the field of tactile communication on a microscale that were not previously attainable. We are investigating the development of a tangential tactor using a LIGA (a German acronym for Lithography-Electroplating-Injection Molding) based linear microactuator technology. These LIGA based tactor devices will be used to stimulate the mechanoreceptors in the skin tangentially. The linear microactuator devices are designed to produce a linear motion of 30–200 μm in a direction tangential to the skin surface with a minimum driving force of 1 mN. Results of the design and LIGA/MEMS microfabrication process are reported.
Dynamic Characteristics of the Corrugated and the Flat p+ Diaphragms Actuated Electrostatically Under Residual Stress
Authors: Yang E. H. , Yang S. S. , Park E. J. , Yoo S. H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the dynamic characteristics of a corrugated p+ diaphragm and a flat one actuated electrostatically under residual stress. The numerical calculations of the dynamic characteristics of the diaphragms under the residual stress and damping have been performed using the general purpose finite element simulation program, ABAQUS. The velocity responses of the center of the diaphragms actuated electrostatically have been measured using a laser vibrometer. The test results are compared with the calculation results under tensile residual stress. For the corrugated diaphragm, the measured deflection coincides with the calculation result under the tensile residual stress of 100 MPa and the damping coefficient of 5, and for the flat one, under the tensile residual stress of 40 MPa and the damping coefficient of 500.
Calculation of Mode Mixity for Delamination Cracks in Composite Laminates Under In-Plane Loading
Authors: Qian W. , Sun C. T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
For material in monoclinic media such as composite laminates, the near-tip field can be expressed explicitly in terms of components of Barnett and Lothe tensors. Due to the oscillatory characteristics of stresses and displacements near the crack tip, individual strain energy release rates no longer exist. Strain energy release rates for finite crack extension Δa are introduced. The explicit quadratic relations between stress intensity factors and these finite extension strain energy release rates is established. Very accurate stress intensity factors can be obtained by calculating these finite extension strain energy release rates in the finite element analysis through these quadratic relations. An alternative and efficient method based on near-tip crack surface displacement ratios is also introduced to obtain these stress intensity factors. An edge-delaminated angle-ply composite laminate under uniform in-plane loading is investigated as an example for its mode mixity.
Stress Singularities Applied to Crack Initiation by Damage of Multimaterial Joints
Authors: Desmorat Rodrigue , Lemaitre Jean 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We consider a multimaterial consisting of dissimilar layers submitted to plane deformations. The elastic stress field at any corner of this kind of joint often exhibits a stress singularity expressed as a function of the r-θ polar coordinates by σ_=hrδ−1F_(θ) where h is the intensity factor and δ the singuarity exponent. The resolution of the local singularity problem leads to the closed-form expression of F when δ is obtained as a root of a 2 × 2 determinant.
The exponent δ, always larger than 0 and smaller than 1, leads to a finite strain energy which is used as an input in a damage law. The damage rate D˙, where D represents the surface density of microcracks or microvoids, is a function of the strain energy density release rate Y. Some examples of crack initiation conditions are pointed out for brittle or quasi-brittle materials for joints loaded in monotonic loading or in fatigue.
Effect of Cell Morphology on the Properties of Microcellular Foamed PVC/Wood-Fiber Composites
Authors: Matuana Laurent M. , Park Chul B. , Balatinecz John J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Wood-fiber composites make use of cellulose fibers as a reinforcing filler in the polymer matrix and are known to have a lower material cost and a higher stiffness compared to neat polymers. However, the lower material cost and enhanced stiffness of wood-fiber composites are achieved at the expense of other properties such as the ductility and the impact strength. Since microcellular plastics exhibit a higher relative impact strength, higher relative toughness, and increased relative fatigue life compared to unfoamed plastics, microcellular foaming of wood-fiber composites will improve the mechanical properties of the composites and therefore increase the usefulness of the materials. In this paper, microcellular foamed PVC/wood-fiber composites with unique cell morphology and material composition are characterized. Microcellular structures are produced in PVC/wood-fiber composites by first saturating the composite samples with CO2 under high pressure followed by rapidly decreasing the solubility of gas in the samples. The void fraction of the microcellular foamed PVC/wood-fiber composites is controlled by tailoring the composition of materials and the foaming process parameters. The results indicate that tensile and impact properties of microcellular foamed PVC/wood-fiber composites are most sensitive to changes in the cell morphology and the surface modification of fibers.
Is Binge Drinking Associated With Specific Types of Exercise and Free Time Sports? A Pooled Analysis With 718,147 Adults
Authors: da Silva Michael Pereira , Guimarães Roseane de Fátima , Bozza Rodrigo , Matias Thiago , Piola Thiago Silva , Corrêa Leandro Quadro , Ramires Virgílio , Alexandrino Eduardo , Dumith Samuel de Carvalho 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To verify the association between exercise and free time sport types and binge drinking in a large sample of adults. Methods: Data of 718,147 adults from the “Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey” were used. We described the demographic and behavioral variables, and negative binomial regression analyzed the association between exercise and free time sport types and binge drinking adjusted by demographics variables, body mass index status, and television time. Results: Outdoor walking/running was the most common exercise reported (20.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.8%–20.2%), followed by team sports (8.1%; 95% CI, 8.0%–8.2%) and strengthening (8.0%; 95% CI, 7.9%–8.1%). The prevalence of binge drinking for each exercise and free time sport type ranged from 6.9% (water aerobics) to 31.9% (team sports). Participants engaging in strengthening (prevalence ratio = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04–1.21, P = .002) and team sports (prevalence ratio = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07–1.17, P < .001) were more likely to binge drink more frequently in the past 30 days than inactive participants. Conclusions: It appears that the participants’ profile plays an important role in the underlying social context of this association. Participants with more frequent strengthening and less frequent team sports practice, who were primarily younger and single, were more likely to binge drink frequently.
Gut microbiota and inflammation patterns for specialized athletes: a multi-cohort study across different types of sports
Authors: Li Yuxue , Cheng Mingyue , Zha Yuguo , Yang Kun , Tong Yigang , Wang Song , Lu Qunwei , Ning Kang 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Regular high-intensity exercise can cause changes in athletes’ gut microbiota, and the extent and nature of these changes may be affected by the athletes’ exercise patterns. However, it is still unclear to what extent different types of athletes have distinct gut microbiome profiles and whether we can effectively monitor an athlete’s inflammatory risk based on their microbiota. To address these questions, we conducted a multi-cohort study of 543 fecal samples from athletes in three different sports: aerobics (
n
= 316), wrestling (
n
= 53), and rowing (
n
= 174). We sought to investigate how athletes’ gut microbiota was specialized for different types of sports, and its associations with inflammation, diet, anthropometrics, and anaerobic measurements. We established a microbiota catalog of multi-cohort athletes and found that athletes have specialized gut microbiota specific to the type of sport they engaged in. Using latent Dirichlet allocation, we identified 10 microbial subgroups of athletes’ gut microbiota, each of which had specific correlations with inflammation, diet, and anaerobic performance in different types of athletes. Notably, most inflammation indicators were associated with
Prevotella
-driven subgroup 7. Finally, we found that the effects of sport types and exercise intensity on the gut microbiota were sex-dependent. These findings shed light on the complex associations between physical factors, gut microbiota, and inflammation in athletes of different sports types and could have significant implications for monitoring potential inflammation risk and developing personalized exercise programs.

IMPORTANCE
This study is the first multi-cohort investigation of athletes across a range of sports, including aerobics, wrestling, and rowing, with the goal of establishing a multi-sport microbiota catalog. Our findings highlight that athletes’ gut microbiota is sport-specific, indicating that exercise patterns may play a significant role in shaping the microbiome. Additionally, we observed distinct associations between gut microbiota and markers of inflammation, diet, and anaerobic performance in athletes of different sports. Moreover, we expanded our analysis to include a non-athlete cohort and found that exercise intensity had varying effects on the gut microbiota of participants, depending on sex.
Evaluating the impact of skill development for drowning prevention: a relationship-building approach to community engagement
Authors: Kamstra Peter , Cook Brian R , Brander Robert , Lawes Jasmin C , Calverley Hannah , Strugnell Grace , Kiss Beata , Bond James , Daw Shane 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveEvaluate the impact of a broadened theoretical and empirical model of community engagement aimed at coastal drowning prevention via relationship building between lifeguards and beachgoers through the delivery of skill development sessions on the beach.SettingA lifeguard-patrolled beach in Lorne, Victoria, Australia, during the 2023 peak summer holiday season.MethodsIn total, 12 skill development sessions were delivered by teams of lifeguards and risk researchers to beachgoers. Sessions were codesigned by the research team and shared with lifeguards beforehand to review and include lifeguards’ interpretations of localised risk during delivery. In total, 85 survey interviews were conducted with self-selecting beachgoers post participation.ResultsIn total, 79 participants (93%) enjoyed participating in the session(s) and 77 participants (91%) reported learning something new. Learning how to identify rip current (n=59) and escape a rip current (n=40) were the two most commonly learnt skills. Participants’ intended changes in future beachgoing behaviours (n=46) include asking lifeguards at patrolled beaches how to identify site-specific (rip current) risk (n=11) and attempting to identify a rip current before entering the water (n=10). The spillover effects of participation include sharing what participants had learnt with family and friends.ConclusionsCreating a dialogic model of collaboration via participatory community engagements between lifeguards and researchers with the beachgoing public can successfully prompt learning drowning prevention skills. These skills are required when navigating dynamic coastal hazards at unpatrolled beaches. Supporting lifeguards and life-savers to provide skill development expands the ways that life-saving services can engage the public, including measurement of lifeguards’ contributions to coastal drowning prevention.
Transvenous balloon-assisted approach to anterior fossa dural arteriovenous fistula using retrograde pressure cooker technique
Authors: Devarajan Alex , Rossitto Christina P , Al-Kawaz Mais , Giovanni Brian , Vasan Vikram , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi , Berenstein Alejandro , Fifi Johanna T 
Published: July 2023

Endovascular embolization is the first-line therapy for dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs). Transarterial embolization (TAE) may be limited by poor anatomical access. Transvenous embolization avoids this, but carries a risk of hemorrhage, venous redirection, and neurologic deterioration. Dual-lumen balloon microcatheters like the Scepter Mini (Microvention, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA) provide flow arrest and prevent reflux during TAE with liquid embolic agents (LEAs), but use in the distensible veins may be challenging. In this video, we use a Scepter Mini in a transvenous approach to a Cognard type IV anterior ethmoidal dAVF as a safe alternative to surgery, transvenous pressure cooker, and trans-ophthalmic TAE (video 1). The Scepter Mini was navigated transvenously to the anterior superior sagittal sinus. LEA was injected with excellent penetration to the venous pouch and further penetration into the network of tortuous feeders. No neurologic complications were experienced, and follow-up angiogram 9 months later demonstrated cure of the dAVF. Video 2 describes procedural considerations in transvenous approaches, steps of the procedure, and includes references1–10 which are relevant to this topic.Video 1 Video 2
Possible combinations of early and late time cosmologies through BAO scales
Authors: Kalita Sanjeev , Rabha Chayanika 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe theoretical scenarios of early universe and late time accelerated expansion constitute an open problem in cosmology. Relative Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) scales measured by 6dFGS, $$\mathrm SDSS+2dFGRS$$

S
D
S
S
+
2
d
F
G
R
S

, BOSS DR11 Ly$$\alpha $$
α
and BOSS DR11 QSO Ly$$\alpha $$
α
are used to investigate the parameter spaces of combinations of pre-recombination physics and late time cosmology. For pre-recombination physics we fix $$\mathrm N_{eff}=3$$

N

eff

=
3

and 4 and incorporate an Early Dark Energy (EDE) component. For late time cosmologies we consider curved $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model, Dynamical Dark Energy (DDE) model with CPL parameterisation ($$\omega _0,\omega _1$$

ω
0

,

ω
1

) of equation of state, Coupled Dark Energy (CDE) model with constant coupling and curved DGP brane-world scenario. Combination of a curved $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM ($$\Omega _{\textrm{k}}\Lambda $$

Ω
k

Λ

CDM) model with $$\mathrm N_{eff}$$

N

eff

-EDE cosmology is found to be possible. For DDE, the relative BAO scales are achievable through $$\omega _1$$

ω
1

preferring the region $$\omega _1< 0$$

ω
1

<
0

. For $$\mathrm N_{eff}$$

N

eff

-EDE-CDE, the BAO scales are generated for both dark energy-dark matter and dark matter-dark energy conversion, however with exceptionally large value of dark energy density parameter and constant equation of state with $$\omega _0 > -1$$

ω
0

>
-
1

. Curved DGP cosmology ($$\Omega _\textrm{k}$$

Ω
k

DGP) is found to join with $$N_{\textrm{eff}}$$

N
eff

-EDE cosmology through curvature parameter $$\Omega _{\mathrm{k(0)}}\in [-0.002, -0.1]$$

Ω

k
(
0
)

∈

[
-
0.002
,
-
0.1
]

and cross-over parameter $$\Omega _{\mathrm{r_c}} \in [0.08, 0.45]$$

Ω

r
c

∈

[
0.08
,
0.45
]

. Cosmic ages are calculated for the derived parameters of $$\Omega _{\textrm{k}}\Lambda $$

Ω
k

Λ

CDM, flat DDE and $$\Omega _{\textrm{k}}$$

Ω
k

DGP models and compared with the ages of few globular clusters available in literature. Curved cosmologies are found to be promising.
Data from Identification of an Imidazopyridine-based Compound as an Oral Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Pan Mengwu , Solozobova Valeria , Kuznik Nane C. , Jung Nicole , Gräßle Simone , Gourain Victor , Heneka Yvonne M. , Cramer von Clausbruch Christina A. , Fuhr Olaf , Munuganti Ravi S. N. , Maddalo Danilo , Blattner Christine , Neeb Antje , Sharp Adam , Cato Laura , Weiss Carsten , Jeselsohn Rinath M. , Orian-Rousseau Veronique , Bräse Stefan , Cato Andrew C. B. 
Published: July 2023

<div><p>The pro-oncogenic activities of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) drive breast cancer pathogenesis. Endocrine therapies that impair the production of estrogen or the action of the ERα are therefore used to prevent primary disease metastasis. Although recent successes with ERα degraders have been reported, there is still the need to develop further ERα antagonists with additional properties for breast cancer therapy. We have previously described a benzothiazole compound A4B17 that inhibits the proliferation of androgen receptor–positive prostate cancer cells by disrupting the interaction of the cochaperone BAG1 with the AR. A4B17 was also found to inhibit the proliferation of estrogen receptor—positive (ER<sup>+</sup>) breast cancer cells. Using a scaffold hopping approach, we report here a group of small molecules with imidazopyridine scaffolds that are more potent and efficacious than A4B17. The prototype molecule X15695 efficiently degraded ERα and attenuated estrogen-mediated target gene expression as well as transactivation by the AR. X15695 also disrupted key cellular protein–protein interactions such as BAG1–mortalin (GRP75) interaction as well as wild-type p53–mortalin or mutant p53–BAG2 interactions. These activities together reactivated p53 and resulted in cell-cycle block and the induction of apoptosis. When administered orally to <i>in vivo</i> tumor xenograft models, X15695 potently inhibited the growth of breast tumor cells but less efficiently the growth of prostate tumor cells. We therefore identify X15695 as an oral selective ER degrader and propose further development of this compound for therapy of ER<sup>+</sup> breast cancers.</p>Significance:<p>An imidazopyridine that selectively degrades ERα and is orally bioavailable has been identified for the development of ER<sup>+</sup> breast cancer therapeutics. This compound also activates wild-type p53 and disrupts the gain-of-function tumorigenic activity of mutant p53, resulting in cell-cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis.</p></div>