bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When public health crises collide: 5 years of pediatric firearm injury prevention opportunities
Authors: Tatebe Leah C , Cone Jennifer T , Slidell Mark B , Chang Grace , Jonikas Meghan , Stewart Amy , Doherty James , Arunkumar Ponni , Schlanser Victoria , Dennis Andrew J 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesPrior publications on pediatric firearm-related injuries have emphasized significant social disparities. The pandemic has heightened a variety of these societal stresses. We sought to evaluate how we must now adapt our injury prevention strategies.Patients and methodsFirearm-related injuries in children 15 years old and under at five urban level 1 trauma centers between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, Injury Severity Score, situation, timing of injury around school/curfew, and mortality were evaluated. Medical examiner data identified additional deaths.ResultsThere were 615 injuries identified including 67 from the medical examiner. Overall, 80.2% were male with median age of 14 years (range 0–15; IQR 12–15). Black children comprised 77.2% of injured children while only representing 36% of local schools. Community violence (intentional interpersonal or bystander) injuries were 67.2% of the cohort; 7.8% were negligent discharges; and 2.6% suicide. Median age for intentional interpersonal injuries was 14 years (IQR 14–15) compared with 12 years (IQR 6–14, p<0.001) for negligent discharges. Far more injuries were seen in the summer after the stay-at-home order (p<0.001). Community violence and negligent discharges increased in 2020 (p=0.004 and p=0.04, respectively). Annual suicides also increased linearly (p=0.006). 5.5% of injuries were during school; 56.7% after school or during non-school days; and 34.3% were after legal curfew. Mortality rate was 21.3%.ConclusionsPediatric firearm-related injuries have increased during the past 5 years. Prevention strategies have not been effective during this time interval. Prevention opportunities were identified specifically in the preteenage years to address interpersonal de-escalation training, safe handling/storage, and suicide mitigation. Efforts directed at those most vulnerable need to be reconsidered and examined for their utility and effectiveness.Level of evidenceLevel III; epidemiological study type.
Paralava and clinker from the Canadian Arctic: a record of combustion metamorphism dating back to the late Miocene
Authors: Reinhardt Lutz , Estrada Solveig , Dohrmann Reiner , Koglin Nikola , Piepjohn Karsten , Galloway Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2023

Outcrops with conspicuous reddish to yellow-colored clinker, blackish paralava, and blends of both with a breccia-like appearance occur across the Canadian Arctic. We examined such rocks on Ellesmere Island, Banks Island, and the Mackenzie Delta area. These rocks are a product from natural combustion of bituminous shale and low-rank coal seams in Cretaceous and Paleogene host sedimentary rocks, respectively. The main mineral phases of clinker and silicate paralava samples are comprised of quartz + hematite ± feldspars ± cristobalite (or tridymite) ± cordierite–sekaninaite ± clinopyroxene ± sillimanite ± glass. Slag-like iron oxide paralava (74–95 wt.% total Fe2O3) consisting of hematite ± magnetite ± clinopyroxene occur in Paleogene host sedimentary rocks, rich in siderite concretions. The whole-rock geochemical composition of clinker and silicate paralava shows similarities for samples from the same outcrop. Regional and local specific elemental enrichments are mainly inherited from the sedimentary protoliths, which are characterized by volcanogenic input (Paleocene sedimentary rocks) or oxygen-depleted depositional conditions (Upper Cretaceous bituminous sedimentary rocks). Spontaneous combustion could take place when the organic-rich sedimentary rocks become exposed to atmospheric oxygen. This process has occurred at least since the Messinian stage (Miocene) on Ellesmere Island (6.1 ± 0.2 Ma; 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating dating on whole-rock paralava) and continues until now. An active combustion process on scree from a coal seam and clastic Eureka Sound Group sedimentary rocks was observed on Ellesmere Island.
Vitamins E and A increase the passing of the P-gp substrate ivermectin into the brain in mice
Authors: Tras Bunyamin , Uney Kamil , Parlak Tugba Melike , Tufan Oznur 
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to determine the effect of administration of oral vitamins A and E at different doses on plasma and brain concentrations of ivermectin in mice. The study was carried out on 174 Swiss Albino male mice aged 8–10 weeks. After leaving six mice for method validation, the remaining mice were randomly divided into seven groups with equal numbers of animals. Mice received ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg, subcutaneous) alone and in combination with low (vitamin A: 4000 IU/kg; vitamin E: 35 mg/kg) and high (vitamin A: 30 000 IU/kg; vitamin E: 500 mg/kg) oral doses of vitamins A and E. The plasma and brain concentrations of ivermectin were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector. We determined that high doses of vitamins A and E and their combinations increased the passing ratio of ivermectin into the brain significantly. The high-dose vitamin E and the combination of high-concentration vitamins E and A significantly increased the plasma concentration of ivermectin ( P < 0.05). The high-dose vitamins E and A and their high-dose combination increased the brain concentration of ivermectin by 3, 2, and 2.7 times, respectively. This research is the first in vivo study to determine the interaction between P-gp substrates and vitamins E and A.
Preliminary assessment of thermal imaging equipped aerial drones for secretive marsh bird detection
Authors: Olsen Tabitha W. , Barron Trey , Butler Christopher J. 
Published: May 2023

Rails are a highly secretive group of marshland obligate species that are difficult to consistently survey and detect. Current survey efforts utilize either call–playback or autonomous recording devices, but the low detection probabilities for rails create challenges for long-term systematic monitoring. Between 8 April and 16 May 2022, we flew a small aerial drone equipped with a thermal camera to survey for six species of rail (Black Rail ( Laterallus jamaicensis), Yellow Rail ( Coturnicops noveboracensis), Sora ( Porzana carolina), Virginia Rail ( Rallus limicola), Clapper Rail ( Rallus crepitans), and King Rail ( Rallus elegans)) along the Gulf Coast of Texas to assess the feasibility of long-term drone monitoring. We successfully conducted 33 flights at 15 m above ground level and detected rails on the first visit at 42% of known occupied points. We achieved 27 total rail detections, including 12 Black Rail/Yellow Rail detections. Of the birds detected, 81% exhibited no response to the drone’s first approach. We intend for this preliminary data to shape future survey protocol for secretive species occupying difficult to navigate terrain.
DOIN: a novel electronic personal dosemeter for neutrons
Authors: Calamida A. , Bedogni R. , Fontanilla A. , Campoy A. I. Castro , Cantone C. , Napolitano T. , Pietropaolo A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectronic personal dosemeters (EPD) are powerful tools for achieving ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) objectives in operational radiation protection. EPD for photons are well developed and their performances usually comply with relevant Standards. By contrast, a very few commercial models exist for neutrons and their energy dependence is too large for using them without pre-information on the workplace neutron spectrum. Within the INFN-based DOIN (DOsimetro Indossabile per Neutroni) project, a new EPD for neutrons was prototyped. Owing to a new patented design, a good dose response was achieved in the energy interval from thermal neutrons up to the quality of $$^{241}$$

241

Am-Be. The response is nearly isotropic and, if compared to commercial models, exhibits higher sensitivity.
Noninvasive Brachial Artery Mechanics and Endothelial Function
Authors: Drzewiecki Gary 
Published: May 2023

It has been recognized that endothelial dysfunction is an early indication of Arterial disease. Endothelial function can be noninvasively evaluated by Inducing a temporary increase in blood flow and then observing the degree of vasodilation response or flow-mediated dilation. Impaired flow mediated vasodilation is then an indication of impaired endothelium. Vascular ultrasound Imaging has been the typical approach to access vasodilation by flow-mediated dilation most often at the brachial artery. Together with other measures of cardiovascular risk, the flow-mediated dilation response provides a very early noninvasive screen for cardiovascular disease. The skill and equipment required for brachial artery ultrasound imaging have limited the use of flow-mediated dilation as a routine medical test. Moreover, it has been recognized that other vascular parameters such as vessel size and blood pressure may influence the test itself. We have introduced a potential solution to the routine measurement of flow-mediated dilation by Analyzing the response of a simple occlusive arm cuff to obtain the Brachial Artery diameter in a noninvasive way. The analysis for occlusive cuff Plethysmography was provided here in a calibrated manner. This approach is an alternative to ultrasound flow-mediated dilation testing. It requires no special operator skills and may be automated for precision. Two experimental evaluations of the proposed cuff method are provided. First, The cuff- based brachial diameters were compared to Ultrasound obtained diameters. Second, as a sensitivity test, the cuff-based dilation test was used to measure the dilation response of several subjects to blood sugar loading. For further evaluation, the cuff-based measurements were applied to a mechanical model of the brachial artery to reveal a standard error of estimate less than 5%. The results show that the cuff-based diameters compare well to those obtained via ultrasound imaging. Moreover, the cuff-based dilation testing showed the expected reduction in endothelial function response due to a blood sugar load. Additionally, cuff-based flow-mediated dilation testing provides measurements as a function of the subject blood pressure, which Ultrasound generally cannot.
Association of Arterial Stiffness and Atherosclerotic Burden With Brain Structural Changes Among Japanese Men
Authors: Azahar Nazar M. , Yano Yuichiro , Kadota Aya , Shiino Akihiko , Syaifullah Ali H. , Miyagawa Naoko , Kondo Keiko , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Torii Sayuki , Segawa Hiroyoshi , Hisamatsu Takashi , Fujiyoshi Akira , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Tooyama Ikuo , Ueshima Hirotsugu , Miura Katsuyuki ,   for the SESSA Research Group
Published: May 2023

Background
Little is known regarding whether arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic burden are each independently associated with brain structural changes. Simultaneous assessments of both arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic burden in associations with brain could provide insights into the mechanisms of brain structural changes.

Methods and Results
Using data from the SESSA (Shiga Epidemiological Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis), we analyzed data among 686 Japanese men (mean [SD] age, 67.9 [8.4] years; range, 46–83 years) free from history of stroke and myocardial infarction. Brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity and coronary artery calcification on computed tomography scans were measured between March 2010 and August 2014. Brain volumes (total brain volume, gray matter, Alzheimer disease signature and prefrontal) and brain vascular damage (white matter hyperintensities) were quantified using brain magnetic resonance imaging from January 2012 through February 2015. In multivariable adjustment models including mean arterial pressure, when brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity and coronary artery calcification were entered into the same models, the β (95% CI) for Alzheimer disease signature volume for each 1‐SD increase in brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity was −0.33 (−0.64 to −0.02), and the unstandardized β (95% CI) for white matter hyperintensities for each 1‐unit increase in coronary artery calcification was 0.68 (0.05–1.32). Brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity and coronary artery calcification were not statistically significantly associated with total brain and gray matter volumes.

Conclusions
Among Japanese men, higher arterial stiffness was associated with lower Alzheimer disease signature volumes, whereas higher atherosclerotic burden was associated with brain vascular damage. Arterial stiffness and atherosclerotic burden may be independently associated with brain structural changes via different pathways.
What Is the Optimal Mitral Valve Repair for Isolated Posterior Leaflet Prolapse to Achieve Long‐Term Durability?
Authors: Kakuta Takashi , Fukushima Satsuki , Minami Kimito , Kainuma Satoshi , Kawamoto Naonori , Tadokoro Naoki , Ikuta Ayumi , Tonai Kohei , Saiki Yoshikatsu , Fujita Tomoyuki 
Published: May 2023

Background
This study assessed risk factors for mitral regurgitation (MR) recurrence or functional mitral stenosis during long‐term follow‐up in patients undergoing mitral valve repair for isolated posterior mitral leaflet prolapse.

Methods and Results

We assessed a consecutive series of 511 patients who underwent primary mitral valve repair for isolated posterior leaflet prolapse between 2001 and 2021. Annuloplasty using a partial band was selected in 86.3%. The leaflet resection technique was used in 83.0%, whereas the chordal replacement without resection was used in 14.5%. Risk factors were analyzed for MR recurrence ≥grade 2 or functional mitral stenosis with mean transmitral pressure gradient ≥5 mm Hg using a multivariable Fine–Gray regression model. The 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year cumulative incidence of MR ≥grade 2 was 7.8%, 22.7%, and 30.1%, respectively, whereas that of mean transmitral pressure gradient ≥5 mm Hg was 8.1%, 20.6%, and 29.3%, respectively. Risk factors for MR ≥grade 2 included chordal replacement without resection (hazard ratio [HR], 2.50,
P
<0.001) and larger prosthesis size (HR, 1.13,
P
=0.023), whereas factors for functional mitral stenosis were use of a full ring (partial band versus full ring, HR, 0.53,
P
=0.013), smaller prosthesis size (HR, 0.74,
P
<0.001), and larger body surface area (HR, 3.03,
P
=0.045). Both MR ≥grade 2 and mean transmitral pressure gradient ≥5 mm Hg at 1 year post surgery were significantly associated with the long‐term incidence of reoperation.

Conclusions
Leaflet resection with a large partial band may be an optimal strategy for isolated posterior mitral valve prolapse.
Local Government Debt and Firm Zombification: Evidence from China
Authors: He Yang , Ma Yun , Tang Meng , Wang Lu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We analyze the effects of local government debt on the proliferation of zombie firms. With aggregated prefecture-level debt data and firm-level data from 2006 to 2013, the empirical evidence demonstrates that the local government debt significantly exacerbates the “zombification” of local firms, mainly through the credit-favoritism to state-owned enterprises and capital misallocation. Our analysis also shows that the magnitude of zombification effects is influenced by debt liquidity and the primary functions of local government financing vehicles.
Sacred Texts and the First Myth about the Creation of Writing
Authors: Zgoll Annette 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
No myth about the origin of writing is known so far for Mesopotamia (only a legend). By applying the new Hylistic methodology for research into mythology, the first known myth of the creation of writing can be reconstructed. The myth we call Nissaba Creates Writing for the Sacred Song of Enlil narrates the creation of writing, which serves to immortalise the divine song at the very moment when the supreme god is creating it orally.
Results of this investigation bear important implications for two phenomena, concerning sacred texts and the origin of writing. (1) From an emic perspective, texts created by the gods turn out to be sacred, even numinous, in their conception. Further analysis of the subscript “Nissaba praise!” or of the subscript ka enim-ma, the latter properly understood as “wording of the divine words,” demonstrates that many Sumerian and Akkadian texts were indeed regarded as sacred texts. Ancient Mesopotamia thus proves to be a culture based on sacred texts. (2) The myth Nissaba Creates Writing for the Sacred Song of Enlil sheds new light on the origins of writing as perceived from the culture of the inventors of writing: the decisive function of the creation of writing was seen not in overcoming economic challenges, but in coping with ritual needs. Re-examining the historical evidence from this perspective opens up new possibilities for a cultural history of the origins of writing.
Military Activities or Law Enforcement Activities?: Reflections on the Dispute Concerning the Detention of Ukrainian Naval Vessels and Servicemen
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The interpretation of “disputes concerning military activities” under Article 298(1)(b) of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) rests on a sensitive balance between the protection of strategic interests of States and the need for peaceful settlement of international disputes. There, an essential issue arises how an adjudicative body acting under Part XV UNCLOS should assess the nature of conducts of State for the purposes of Article 298(1)(b). This issue was vividly raised in the dispute between Ukraine and the Russian Federation with regard to the detention of Ukrainian naval vessels and servicemen. In this regard, both the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) and the arbitral tribunal set out in accordance with Annex VII UNCLOS wrestled with this issue. This article examines the manner of the interpretation of the concept of the military activities for the purposes of Article 298(1)(b) by comparing the approaches taken by ITLOS and the Annex VII arbitral tribunal.
Receding horizon navigation and target tracking for aerial detection of transient radioactivity
Authors: Yadav Indrajeet , Sebok Michael , Tanner Herbert G. 
Published: May 2023

The paper presents a receding horizon planning and control strategy for quadrotor-type micro aerial vehicle (mav)s to navigate reactively and intercept a moving target in a cluttered unknown and dynamic environment. Leveraging a lightweight short-range sensor that generates a point-cloud within a relatively narrow and short field of view (fov), and an ssd-MobileNet based Deep neural network running on board the mav, the proposed motion planning and control strategy produces safe and dynamically feasible mav trajectories within the sensor fov, which the vehicle uses to autonomously navigate, pursue, and intercept its moving target. This task is completed without reliance on a global planner or prior information about the environment or the moving target. The effectiveness of the reported planner is demonstrated numerically and experimentally in cluttered indoor and outdoor environments featuring maximum speeds of up to 4.5–5 m/s.
Clinical Relevance and Function of Anterior Talofibular Ligament Superior and Inferior Fascicles: A Robotic Study
Authors: Dalmau-Pastor Miki , El-Daou Hadi , Stephen Joanna M. , Vega Jordi , Malagelada Francesc , Calder James 
Published: May 2023

Background: Ankle lateral ligament sprains are common injuries in sports, and some may result in persistent ankle pain and a feeling of instability without clinical evidence of instability. The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) has 2 distinct fascicles, and recent publications have suggested that injury isolated to the superior fascicle might be the cause of these chronic symptoms. This study aimed to identify the biomechanical properties conferred by the fascicles in stabilizing the ankle in order to understand potential clinical problems that may follow when the fascicles are injured. Purpose/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of superior and inferior fascicles of the ATFL in restraining anteroposterior tibiotalar resistance, internal external tibial rotation resistance, and inversion eversion talar rotation resistance. It was hypothesized that an isolated injury of the ATFL superior fascicle would have a measurable effect on ankle stability and that the superior and inferior fascicles would restrain different motions of the ankle. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A robotic system with 6 degrees of freedom was used to test ankle instability in 10 cadavers. Serial sectioning following the most common injury pattern (from superior to inferior fascicles) was performed on the ATFL while the robot ensured reproducible movement through a physiological range of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Results: Sectioning of only the ATFL superior fascicle had a significant and measurable effect on ankle stability, resulting in increased internal rotation and anterior translation of the talus, especially in plantarflexion. Sectioning of the entire ATFL resulted in significantly decreased resistance in anterior translation, internal rotation, and inversion of the talus. Conclusion: Rupture of only the superior fascicle of the ATFL may lead to minor instability or microinstability of the ankle joint, without objective clinical findings of gross clinical laxity. Clinical Relevance: Some patients develop chronic symptoms after an ankle sprain without overt signs of instability. This may be explained by an isolated injury to the ATFL superior fascicle, and diagnosis may require careful clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging examination looking at the individual fascicles. It is possible that such patients may benefit from lateral ligament repair despite having no gross clinical instability.
Predictors of surgical intervention for antenatally detected ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO): A prospective multivariate analysis
Authors: Mahmoud Tarek Ahmed , Morsy Esam El din Salem , Morsy Hany Abd Elraoof Ali , Abouzeid Abdelmoneim Mohammed , Elmoghazy Hazem Mohamed 
Published: May 2023

Objective: We aimed to identify clinical and radiological predictors of the need for surgical intervention in infants with antenatally detected UPJO. Material and methods: We prospectively followed infants born with antenatally diagnosed ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) presented at our outpatient clinics for evidence of obstructive injury with a standard protocol with ultrasonography and renal scintigraphy. Indications for surgery included progression of hydronephrosis on serial examinations, initial differential renal function (DFR) ⩽35% or >5% loss in sequential studies, and febrile urinary tract infection (UTI). Univariate and multivariate analyses were utilized to define the predictors for surgical intervention, while the appropriate cut-off value of the initial Anteroposterior diameter (APD) was determined using the receiver operator curve analysis. Results: Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between surgery, the initial APD, cortical thickness, Society for Fetal Urology grade, UTD risk group, initial DRF, and febrile UTI ( p-value < 0.05). No significant association between surgery and sex or side of the affected kidney ( p-value 0.91 and 0.38, respectively). On multivariate analysis, the initial APD, initial DRF, obstructed renographic curve, and febrile UTI ( p-value < 0.05) were the only independent predictors for surgical intervention. An initial APD of 23 mm can predict surgical requirement, with a specificity of 95% and sensitivity of 70%. Conclusion: For antenatally diagnosed UPJO, the APD value (at the age of 1 week), DFR value (at the age of 6–8 weeks), and febrile UTI during follow-up are significant and independent predictors of the need for surgical intervention. APD, when used with a cut-off value of 23 mm, is associated with high specificity and sensitivity for predicting surgical need.