bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic interleukin 32 attenuates liver injury through repression of necroptosis in cholestasis
Authors: Mao Xiu Ru , Zhang Xiao Xun , Xu Zi Qian , Zhao Nan , Fu Lei , Peng Shi Fang , Chai Jin 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the association between interleukin (IL)‐32 and necroptosis in cholestatic liver injury.MethodsLevels of necroptosis‐related markers in cholestatic and control patients, including the receptor‐interacting serine–threonine kinase 3 (RIPK3), receptor‐interacting serine–threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1), and mixed lineage kinase domain‐like (MLKL) were measured. Animal experiments in C57BL/6J and transgenic mice with IL32β/γ overexpression were also conducted to confirm the effect of IL‐32 on necroptosis in cholestasis, which was induced by α‐naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) and 1% lithocholic acid (LCA). PLC/PRF/5‐ASBT and primary mouse hepatocytes were utilized for the investigation of the regulation and mechanism of IL‐32 in cholestasis.ResultsIn the liver tissues of cholestatic patients, the mRNA and protein expressions of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL were increased and associated with IL‐32 expression. In addition, expressions of these indicators in the liver of 1% LCA‐ and ANIT‐induced mouse models were significantly increased, while they were markedly decreased in hIL32βLTg and hIL32γLTg mice. After bile acid stimulation, IL‐32 and phosphorylated Akt (p‐Akt) expressions significantly elevated in a dose‐dependent manner. After treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐32 inhibited MLKL expression in primary mouse hepatocytes.ConclusionIL‐32 is negatively associated with necroptosis in cholestatic patients. Moreover, IL‐32 is induced by p‐Akt and effectively attenuates necroptosis in ANIT‐ or 1% LCA‐induced cholestasis.
Treatment of pediatric behavioral health patients with intravenous and intramuscular chemical restraints: Results from a nationwide sample of emergency departments
Authors: Tang Andrew S. , Shieh Meng‐Shiou , Pekow Penelope S. , Prentiss Kimball A. , Lindenauer Peter K. , Westafer Lauren M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral health crises in pediatric emergency department (ED) patients are increasingly common. Chemical restraints can be utilized for patients who present imminent danger to self or others. We sought to describe the use of intravenous (IV)/intramuscular (IM) chemical restraints for pediatric behavioral health ED patients across a nationwide sample of hospitals and describe factors associated with restraint use.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients ages 8–17 treated at 822 EDs contributing data to the Premier Healthcare Database between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2020, with a behavioral health discharge diagnosis. The primary outcome was the use of IV/IM chemical restraint medication. We developed a hierarchical model to examine patient and hospital‐level factors associated with treatment with IV/IM chemical restraint medications.ResultsOf 630,384 cases, 4.8% received IV/IM chemical restraint. Patient factors associated with higher odds of chemical restraint were older age (ages 13–17 years [adjusted odds ratio {AOR} 1.53, 95% confidence interval {CI} 1.48–1.58]), anxiety disorders (AOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.64–1.74), disruptive disorders (AOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.53–1.69), suicide/self‐injury (AOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.26–1.34), substance use (AOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.20–1.28), and bipolar disorder (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.17–1.30). Participants with complex comorbidities were more likely to receive chemical restraint (AOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.26–1.39). After patient and hospital factors were adjusted for, the median OR indicating the influence of the individual hospital on the odds of chemical restraint was 1.43 (95% CI 1.40–1.47).ConclusionsWe found that age and certain behavioral health diagnoses were associated with receipt of IV/IM chemical restraint during pediatric behavioral health ED visits. Additionally, whether a patient was treated with chemical restraints was strongly influenced by the hospital to which they presented for treatment.
Distinct dynamic behavioural response to social exclusion in male patients with a history of alcohol dependence
Authors: Chen Ke , Wüstenberg Torsten , Stiglbauer Victoria , El‐Ahmad Linda , Rosenthal Annika , Pelz Patricia , Gold Stefan M. , Heinz Andreas , Sebold Miriam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSocial exclusion contributes to alcohol consumption, whereas the development of alcohol dependence (AD) can in turn lead to the social exclusion of people with AD. Previous research observed altered neural responses to experimentally induced social exclusion (i.e., Cyberball game) in patients with AD. In addition, inflammation has been associated with both social behaviours and AD. Our study aimed to investigate the dynamic behavioural response and the inflammatory effects of social exclusion in male patients with a history of AD. To this end, we analysed dynamic changes in ball tossing during a partial exclusion Cyberball game and the cytokine interleukin (IL)‐1b in saliva in 31 male patients who had a history of AD and 29 gender‐matched healthy controls without AD. Participants were included in the first 2 min of the Cyberball game and then excluded by one of the two co‐players in the proceeding 5 min. Saliva was collected three times: one before and two after the Cyberball game. Across groups, participants passed the ball more often to the excluder during the partial exclusion period. Analysis using piece‐wise linear mixed models showed that patients rapidly increased ball tosses to the excluder upon exclusion, which lasted to the late response phase, whereas the early behavioural response to exclusion took longer for controls. There was no significant change of salivary IL‐1b level to exclusion in either patients or controls. The results indicate a distinct dynamic behavioural response to social exclusion in male patients with a history of AD.
Safety and feasibility of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy during interval cytoreductive surgery in patients with advanced high‐grade serous ovarian, fallopian tube, peritoneal cancer in an Australian context
Authors: Samoylovich Arthur , Jennings Bronwyn , Shannon Catherine , Coward Jermaine I. , Lourie Rohan , Riordan John , Lai Nai An , van Driel Willemien J. , Cabraal Nimithri , Jagasia Nisha , Chetty Naven , Naidu Sanjeev , Perrin Lewis C. , Barry Sinead C. 
Published: June 2023

AimsTo assess the safety and feasibility of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) during cytoreduction surgery (CRS) in advanced high‐grade serous ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer within an Australian context.MethodsData were collected from 25 consecutive patients undergoing CRS and HIPEC from December 2018 to July 2022 at the Peritoneal Malignancy Service at the Mater Hospital Brisbane, Australia. Data collected included demographics, clinical variables, surgical procedures and complications and intra‐operative and post‐operative indexes of morbidity.ResultsTwenty‐five women who underwent CRS and HIPEC from December 2018 to July 2022 were included in analysis. Findings indicate that CRS with HIPEC is associated with low morbidity.ConclusionWhile judicious patient selection is imperative, HIPEC during CRS was well tolerated by all patients and morbidity was comparable to results from the previously reported OVHIPEC‐1 trial. HIPEC appears to be a safe and feasible addition to CRS for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in Australian practice.
Comparing the outcomes of open, laparoscopic and robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Calpin Gavin G. , Ryan Fintan R. , McHugh Fiachra T. , McGuire Barry B. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review and network meta‐analysis (NMA) to determine the advantages and disadvantages of open (OPN), laparoscopic (LPN), and robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) with particular attention to intraoperative, immediate postoperative, as well as longer‐term functional and oncological outcomes.MethodsA systematic review was performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses‐NMA guidelines. Binary data were compared using odds ratios (ORs). Mean differences (MDs) were used for continuous variables. ORs and MDs were extracted from the articles to compare the efficacy of the various surgical approaches. Statistical validity is guaranteed when the 95% credible interval does not include 1.ResultsIn total, there were 31 studies included in the NMA with a combined 7869 patients. Of these, 33.7% (2651/7869) underwent OPN, 20.8% (1636/7869) LPN, and 45.5% (3582/7689) RAPN. There was no difference for either LPN or RAPN as compared to OPN in ischaemia time, intraoperative complications, positive surgical margins, operative time or trifecta rate. The estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative complications and length of stay were all significantly reduced in RAPN when compared with OPN. The outcomes of RAPN and LPN were largely similar except the significantly reduced EBL in RAPN.ConclusionThis systematic review and NMA suggests that RAPN is the preferable operative approach for patients undergoing surgery for lower‐staged RCC.
A randomized controlled trial investigating rectus sheath catheters following radical cystectomy
Authors: Chedgy Edmund C. P. , Tang Raymond , Struss Werner J. , Lowe Genevieve , Sawka Andrew , Vaghadia Himat , Froehlich Kevin , Black Peter C. , Gleave Martin E. , So Alan I. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether rectus sheath catheter (RSC) insertion may be an alternative to thoracic epidural (TE).Patients and MethodsIn a non‐blinded, single‐centre, non‐inferiority study, patients undergoing open radical cystectomy were randomized 1:1 to receive either a TE or surgically placed RSC. The primary endpoint was cumulative opiate use (median oral morphine equivalent [OME]) in the first 72 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included visual analogue scale pain scores, measures of postoperative recovery including mobility and time to regular diet, and complications.ResultsNinety‐seven patients were randomized (51 TE, 46 RSC). The median OME was 103 (77.5–132.5) mg in the TE arm and 161.75 (117.5–187.5) mg in the RSC arm. A Mann–Whitney U‐test confirmed non‐inferiority of RSC to TE at a threshold of 15 mg OME (P = 0.002). When comparing pain scores for the first three postoperative days, an early difference was observed that favoured the TE group during post‐anaesthesia care unit stay, which was lost after postoperative day 1. Patient satisfaction with analgesia on the third postoperative day was similar in the two arms (P = 0.47). There were no statistically significant differences between arms with respect to the other secondary outcomes.ConclusionsThe outcomes from this prospective randomized trial demonstrated non‐inferiority of RSC insertion compared to TE with respect to 72‐h opiate use. Patient satisfaction with pain control on postoperative day 3 was the same for each group.
Clinical and radiographic results of crestal vs. subcrestal placement of implants in posterior areas: A split‐mouth randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sun Yue , Yang Jieting , Chen Kaidi , Li Zhipeng , Chen Zhuofan , Huang Baoxin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the peri‐implant soft tissue and marginal bone loss (MBL) around implants with platform‐switching and internal conical connection placed at crestal and subcrestal levels in posterior areas.Materials and methodsNineteen partially edentulous patients with at least two adjacent missing teeth in posterior areas unilaterally or bilaterally were included. Forty‐two implants were placed randomly at the crestal or subcrestal (1 mm) level in a split‐mouth design. Implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses with screw retention were delivered after 4 months of healing. Clinical and radiological measurements were performed at implant placement (T0), restoration delivery (T1), and 1‐year follow‐up after loading (T2). MBL was calculated as the change in distance from the implant‐abutment interface to the first radiographically visible bone‐implant contact. A repeated‐measures mixed ANOVA followed by a paired Student's t‐test with the Bonferroni correction was used for statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsEighteen patients with thirty‐eight implants completed the study at T2. The MBL was lower in the subcrestal group than in the crestal group (0.04 ± 0.08 vs. 0.17 ± 0.17 mm, p = 0.004). The peri‐implant probing depth (PD) was 2.31 ± 0.48 mm in the subcrestal group and 1.92 ± 0.43 mm in the crestal group; this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Intragroup comparison showed no significant differences in MBL, or PD around the crestal group and subcrestal group from T1 to T2.ConclusionAfter 1 year of functional loading, subcrestal placement of implants with platform‐switching and internal conical connection showed lower MBL and was associated with greater PD and peri‐implant soft tissue height than implants placed at the crestal level.
Predictors of early weight loss in post‐bariatric surgery patients receiving adjunctive behavioural treatments for loss‐of‐control eating
Authors: Smith Caitlin E. , Dilip Abhaya , Ivezaj Valentina , Duffy Andrew J. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis study examined baseline patient characteristics as predictors of early weight loss, defined as any weight loss within the first month of treatment, among patients receiving adjunctive behavioural treatments for loss‐of‐control (LOC) eating about 6 months after bariatric surgery. Participants were 126 patients in a treatment trial for LOC‐eating (roughly 6 months postoperatively) categorized by early weight change following 1 month of treatment. Early weight‐loss, defined as any weight loss following 1 month of treatment, and weight‐gain, defined as any weight gain, groups were compared on sociodemographic and clinical variables assessed using a battery of reliably administered diagnostic and clinical interviews and established self‐report measures, and on surgery‐related variables (time since surgery, percent total [%TWL], and percent excess weight loss). Most patients (n = 99; 78.6%) lost weight after the first month of adjunctive treatments. Black patients (n = 24; 61.5%) were significantly less likely to achieve early weight loss compared to patients identifying as White (n = 60; 83%) or ‘other’ (n = 15; 100%) which was not predicted by any other sociodemographic variable. Severity of eating‐disorder psychopathology, psychiatric comorbidity, and a broad range of psychosocial measures were not significantly predictive of early weight changes. Duration since surgery and percent weight loss from time of surgery to study enrolment 6‐months post‐surgery differed by early weight‐loss and weight‐gain groups. Findings suggest that among post‐bariatric surgery patients receiving adjunctive behavioural treatments for LOC‐eating, baseline patient characteristics, aside from race and surgery‐related variables, do not predict early weight loss.
Fitness consequences and ancestry loss in the Apennine brown bear after a simulated genetic rescue intervention
Authors: Maroso Francesco , Padovani Giada , Muñoz Mora Víctor Hugo , Giannelli Francesco , Trucchi Emiliano , Bertorelle Giorgio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReduction in population size, with its predicted effects on population fitness, is the most alarming anthropogenic impact on endangered species. By introducing compatible individuals, genetic rescue (GR) is a promising but debated approach for reducing the genetic load unmasked by inbreeding and for restoring the fitness of declining populations. Although GR can improve genetic diversity and fitness, it can also produce loss of ancestry, hampering local adaptation, or replace with introduced variants the unique genetic pools evolved in endemic groups. We used forward genetic simulations based on empirical genomic data to assess fitness benefits and loss of ancestry risks of GR in the Apennine brown bear (Ursus arctos marsicanus). There are approximately 50 individuals of this isolated subspecies, and they have lower genetic diversity and higher inbreeding than other European brown bears, and GR has been suggested to reduce extinction risks. We compared 10 GR scenarios in which the number and genetic characteristics of migrants varied with a non‐GR scenario of simple demographic increase due to nongenetic factors. The introduction of 5 individuals of higher fitness or lower levels of deleterious mutations than the target Apennine brown bear from a larger European brown bear population produced a rapid 10–20% increase in fitness in the subspecies and up to 22.4% loss of ancestry over 30 generations. Without a contemporary demographic increase, fitness started to decline again after a few generations. Doubling the population size without GR gradually increased fitness to a comparable level, but without losing ancestry, thus resulting in the best strategy for the Apennine brown bear conservation. Our results highlight the importance for management of endangered species of realistic forward simulations grounded in empirical whole‐genome data.
The perils of measuring biodiversity responses to habitat change using mixed metrics
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Miao Xinran , Hua Fangyuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExisting quantitative syntheses on how biodiversity responds to anthropogenic habitat change appear to sometimes mix different biodiversity metrics in drawing inferences. This “mixing metrics” practice, if prevalent, would considerably bias our understanding of biodiversity responses and render uninterpretable conclusions. However, the prevalence of this practice remains unknown, and the bias it potentially renders has not been empirically assessed. We fill this gap by conducting a systematic literature assessment of existing syntheses on biodiversity responses to habitat change, along with an analysis of a global database specifically on forest restoration. We found that the “mixing metrics” practice was used in almost a quarter of existing syntheses across a wide range of ecosystem and habitat change types. This practice predictably altered the quantitative, and frequently even the qualitative, inferences on biodiversity responses to forest restoration, in ways contingent on the composition of metrics mixed. We call on future syntheses to be cognizant of the difference in metric meaning and behaviors, and to avoid mixing different metrics in studying biodiversity responses to habitat change.
Rewilding giant tortoises engineers plant communities at local to landscape scales
Authors: Tapia Aguilera Washington , Gibbs James P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTrophic rewilding is increasingly being used to promote megafauna reintroductions to island ecosystems, yet ecosystem response to population restoration once megafauna reintroduction occurs remains understudied. In this study of a population of Galapagos giant tortoises reintroduced to an arid island, tortoise exclosures monitored over an 8‐year‐long period revealed that, in response to the presence of tortoises, herbaceous plant cover and numbers of regenerating woody plants decreased, whereas extent of grass cover increased. Vegetation mapping over a 15‐year‐long period across the island indicated a threshold density of 1–2 tortoises per hectare halted incursion of woody plants and triggered a shift in this savannah‐type ecosystem toward more grasses. Restoration of this giant tortoise population has shaped plant communities at both local and landscape scales with cascading effects on many components of biodiversity on the island.
Significant colony differences in thermal tolerances and decoupling of high and low critical temperatures in the army ant Eciton burchellii parvispinum
Authors: O'Donnell Sean , Baudier Kaitlin M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Differences in behaviour and physiology among social insect colonies provide opportunities for evolutionary responses to environmental selection. Colony differences in thermal physiology can indicate potential for social insect populations to accommodate temperature extremes and determine how populations will respond to changing climates.
We tested whether army ant (Eciton burchellii parvispinum) colonies differed in their distributions of worker tolerances of extreme low temperatures (CTmin) and extreme high temperatures (CTmax). We sampled workers across a range of body sizes in each colony, and we collected data from colonies at both warmer low elevation sites and cooler high elevation sites.
Colonies differed significantly in the distributions of both CTmin and CTmax; colony mean CTmin and CTmax were not correlated.
The colony differences were not associated with worker body size variation. Some thermal physiology differences were associated with local climates: colonies from warmer lower elevation sites had significantly higher CTmin and higher CTmax, but much of the inter‐colony variation was unexplained.
If significant colony variation in thermal physiology is associated with genetic differences, thermal environments could drive evolutionary changes in thermal physiology.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation for telomere biology diseases: A retrospective single‐center cohort study
Authors: Nichele Samantha , Bonfim Carmem , Junior Luiz G. D. , Loth Gisele , Kuwahara Cilmara , Trennephol Joanna , Funke Vaneuza A. M. , Marinho Daniela E. , Koliski Adriana , Rodrigues Adriana M. , Mousquer Rebeca T. G. , Fasth Anders , Lima Alberto C. M. , Calado Rodrigo T. , Pasquini Ricardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTelomere biology diseases (TBD) result from defective telomere maintenance, leading to bone marrow failure. The only curative treatment for aplastic anemia related to TBD is a hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Although reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens decrease transplant‐related mortality, non‐hematological phenotypes represent a major challenge and are associated with poor long‐term follow‐up outcomes.ObjectiveTo describe the outcome of TBD patients transplanted for marrow failure.Study DesignThis is a retrospective, single‐center study describing the outcomes of 32 consecutive transplants on 29 patients between 1993 and 2019.ResultsThe median age at transplantation was 14 years (range, 3–30 years). Most patients received a RIC regimen (n = 28) and bone marrow (BM) from an unrelated donor (n = 16). Four patients received a haploidentical transplant. Chimerism was available for 27 patients with a median time to neutrophil recovery of 20 days (13–36 days). Primary graft failure occurred in one patient, whereas second graft failure occurred in two. Acute GVHD grade II‐IV and moderate to severe chronic GVHD occurred in 22% of patients at risk. Fourteen patients were alive after HCT at the last follow‐up (median, 6 years; 1.4–19 years). The 5‐year overall survival was better after matched sibling donor (MSD) transplantation compared to other hematopoietic stem cell sources (88.9% vs. 47.7%; p = .05; CI = 95%). Overall, 15 patients died after HCT, most of them (n = 11) after the first year of transplant, due to non‐hematological disease progression or complication of chronic GVHD.ConclusionsHematopoietic cell transplantation is a potentially curative treatment option for TBD, nonetheless the poor outcome reflects the progression of non‐hematologic disease manifestations, which should be considered when transplantation is indicated.