bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue resistance and damage mechanisms of 2D woven SiC/SiC composites at high temperatures
Authors: Zeng Bin , Ma Qin , Xue Yudong , Liao Chunjing , Qin Hao , Chen Xiaowu , Hu Jianbao , Zhang Xiangyu , Yang Jinshan , Dong Shaoming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFatigue resistance and damage mechanisms of 2D woven SiC/SiC composites at high temperatures were investigated in this research. Fatigue behavior tests were performed at 1200℃ and 1000°C at 10 Hz and stress ratio of 0.1 for maximum stresses ranging from 80 to 120 MPa, and the fatigue run‐out could be defined as 106 cycles. Evolution of the cumulative displacement and normalized modulus with cycles was analyzed for each fatigue condition. Fatigue run‐out was achieved at 80 MPa and 1000°C. It could be found that the cycle lifetimes of the composites decreased sharply with the increasing maximum stress and temperature conditions significantly affected the fatigue performance under matrix cracking stress. The cumulative displacement showed no noticeable increase before 1000 cycles and the modulus of the failed specimens decreased before fracture. The retained properties of composites that achieved fatigue run‐out, as well as the microstructures, were characterized in order to understand the fatigue behavior and failure mechanisms. The composites exhibited similar fracture morphology with matrix crack extension and glass phase oxidation formation under different conditions. In general, the high‐temperature fatigue damage and failure of composites could be affected by combination of stress damage and oxidative embrittlement.
The new grounds for deportation of European Union citizens in the United Kingdom
Authors: Radziwinowiczówna Agnieszka , Lewis Olayinka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPoliticians often mention immigration enforcement, and deportation in particular, as a means to assert state sovereignty. This article looks at deportation through exiting the European Union, an event that was interpreted as regaining sovereignty from the supra‐national organisation. New immigration regulations in the United Kingdom were meant to end the EU Freedom of Movement and equalise the statuses of EU‐ and non‐EU migrants in the United Kingdom. The research question this article addresses is the following: how do the new immigration regulations and policies affect the possibility of deportations of EU citizens in the United Kingdom? With the lens of Interpretive Policy Analysis, the article analyses primary sources and expert interviews. It concludes that the deportability of EU citizens has increased post‐Brexit. It also anticipates that the deportability of EU citizens will be differentiated, as rough sleepers, former convicts and irregular migrants may be first to be targeted with deportation.
Multiple waves of fetal‐derived immune cells constitute adult immune system
Authors: Kobayashi Michihiro , Yoshimoto Momoko 
Published: March 2023

SummaryIt has been over three decades since Drs. Herzenberg and Herzenberg proposed the layered immune system hypothesis, suggesting that different types of stem cells with distinct hematopoietic potential produce specific immune cells. This layering of immune system development is now supported by recent studies showing the presence of fetal‐derived immune cells that function in adults. It has been shown that various immune cells arise at different embryonic ages via multiple waves of hematopoiesis from special endothelial cells (ECs), referred to as hemogenic ECs. However, it remains unknown whether these fetal‐derived immune cells are produced by hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during the fetal to neonatal period. To address this question, many advanced tools have been used, including lineage‐tracing mouse models, cellular barcoding techniques, clonal assays, and transplantation assays at the single‐cell level. In this review, we will review the history of the search for the origins of HSCs, B‐1a progenitors, and mast cells in the mouse embryo. HSCs can produce both B‐1a and mast cells within a very limited time window, and this ability declines after embryonic day (E) 14.5. Furthermore, the latest data have revealed that HSC‐independent adaptive immune cells exist in adult mice, which implies more complicated developmental pathways of immune cells. We propose revised road maps of immune cell development.
What is the best website for recruiting?
Authors: Rémy Véronique , Simonnet Véronique 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDo employers form higher‐quality matches at a lower cost when they hire via websites such as corporate websites, specialized sites, generalist sites, or the site of the public employment service (PES)? Based on a survey of French establishments, we find that employers who rely on the Internet to look for candidates employ more search channels and selection methods. Of Internet users, the employers who recruit via the PES website consider their match to be less satisfying, whereas those who hire via the company website obtain better matches. There is no relationship between the vacancy duration and the recruitment channel.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Chinese patients with coronary heart disease and resistant hypertension
Authors: Zhu Binbin , Liu Yahui , Zhou Weicen , Du Yao , Qi Datun , Wang Chenxu , Cheng Qianqian , Zhang You , Wang Shan , Gao Chuanyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is currently few research on clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronary heart disease (CHD) with resistant hypertension in central region of China. This study aimed to assess the risk factors and outcomes of CHD and resistant hypertension in population of central region of China. A total of 1467 CHD patients with hypertension were included and considered to three groups according to blood pressure control: controlled group (blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg on three or less antihypertensive drugs); uncontrolled group (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg on two or less antihypertensive drugs); or resistant group (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg on three antihypertensive drugs or < 140/90 mmHg on at least four antihypertensive drugs including diuretic). The authors evaluated the clinical outcomes of three groups at 1‐year follow‐up. The prevalence of resistant hypertension was 21.8%. Significant adjusted associated factors of resistant hypertension included per unit changes body mass index (BMI, OR 1.12), and four categorical variable diagnosis by yes or no: heart failure (HF, OR 2.62), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH, OR 2.83), diabetes (OR 1.55), and chronic kidney disease (CKD, OR 1.63). In multiple adjusted Cox regression analysis, patients in resistant group had a higher risk of the primary outcome (HR, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.47–3.11]; p < .001). Moreover, the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in patients with resistant hypertension is also significantly increased (HR, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.39–3.20]; p < .001). In conclusion, resistant hypertension was a quite common and high proportion finding in patients with CHD and hypertension in central region of China, and these patients have a worse clinical prognosis.
Combined effect of sonication and equilibrium‐modified atmosphere packaging to improve storage stability of “Angelino” plums during extended storage
Authors: Caner Cengiz , Alnıak Nesrin Yumak , Yüceer Muhammed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work focuses on the combined effects of ultrasound treatment (100, 200, and 300 W for 5 min) and equilibrium‐modified atmosphere packaging (EMAP) to enhance the storage stability based on pH, aw, gas compositions in headspace, color changes (L*, a*, b*), organic acids, and texture profile of fresh “Angelino” plums for 120 days at 4°C. The results were expressed that pH values were increased (3.19‐initial to 3.69/300 W–3.86/control) and Brix values were decreased (16.9‐initial to 14.70/control–15.3/100 W) during storage. At the end of the storage, except the control group, O2 in the headspace decreased from 20.9%‐initial to 16%/300 W–18.5%/200 W and CO2 was accumulated from 0.03%‐initial to 4.9/%200 W–6.5%/300 W. Hardness (from 11,677, 6124 gf), gumminess (from 4344 g to 4335–6715 g), and chewiness (from 3831 and 2326–2638 g) consistently decreased as a function of storage. The hardness of “Angelino” plums had been maintained after the sonication combined with EMAP compared with the control during storage. The 100 W and 200 W sonication could significantly delay the degradation of malic (from 8957 to 4227–4236 mg/L) and tartaric (1796 to 1703–1722 mg/L) acid in flesh plums, but not citric acid and malonic acid over the storage period. The sonication (200 W) combined with EMAP enhanced the storage stability.Practical ApplicationsThis research demonstrates that packaging fresh Angelino plums with micro‐perforated lid films and subjecting them to sonication can enhance their storage stability, allowing for longer distribution via sea freight at a considerably reduced cost compared with air freight. This can potentially expand the producer's reach in international markets. Sonication had great potentials in stabilizing cell wall and maintaining hardness in the plums during storage. Moreover, the application of sonication, especially 200‐W for enhancing storage stability without any detrimental effects on physicochemical properties and natural main organic acids (malic acid) of “Angelino” plums during the storage.
Using behavioral theory to adapt advance care planning for homeless‐experienced older adults in permanent supportive housing
Authors: Pajka Sarah E. , Kushel Margot , Handley Margaret A. , Olsen Pamela , Li Brookelle , Enriquez Celeste , Kaplan Lauren , Sudore Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults experiencing chronic homelessness (i.e., prolonged homelessness and a disabling condition) have low rates of advance care planning (ACP) despite high rates of morbidity and mortality. Rehousing of homeless‐experienced individuals into permanent supportive housing (PSH) may present an opportunity to introduce ACP; but this is unknown. Therefore, we explored staff and resident perceptions of conducting ACP in PSH.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with PSH staff (n = 13) and tenants (PSH residents) (n = 26) in San Francisco. We used the capability (C), opportunity (O), motivation (M), behavior (COM‐B) framework within the Behavior Change Wheel model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to inform interviews, categorize themes, and guide qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsThe mean age of PSH residents was 67 (SD = 6.1) years and 52% were women. Of staff, 69% were women. Important COM‐B barriers included ACP complexity (C), complicated relationship dynamics (O), resource limitations (O), pessimism (M), variable staff confidence (M), and competing priorities (M). Facilitators included easy‐to‐use documents/videos, including the PREPARE for Your Care program (C), stability with housing (O), exposure to health crises (O), potential for strong relationships (O), and belief that ACP is impactful (M). Recommendations included adapting materials to the PSH setting, providing staff trainings/scripts, and using optional one‐on‐one or group sessions.ConclusionsWe identified behavioral determinants related to ACP for formerly chronically homeless older adults in PSH. Future interventions should include using easy‐to‐use ACP materials and developing resources to educate PSH residents, train staff, and model ACP in groups or one‐on‐one sessions.
Biomechanical in vitro evaluation of the kangaroo spine in comparison with human spinal data
Authors: Wilke Hans‐Joachim , Betz Volker Michael , Kienle Annette 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOn the basis of the kangaroo's pseudo‐biped locomotion and its upright position, it could be assumed that the kangaroo might be an interesting model for spine research and that it may serve as a reasonable surrogate model for biomechanical in vitro tests. The purpose of this in vitro study was to provide biomechanical properties of the kangaroo spine and compare them with human spinal data from the literature. In addition, references to already published kangaroo anatomical spinal parameters will be discussed. Thirteen kangaroo spines from C4 to S4 were sectioned into single‐motion segments. The specimens were tested by a spine tester under pure moments. The range of motion and neutral zone of each segment were determined in flexion and extension, right and left lateral bending and left and right axial rotation. Overall, we found greater flexibility in the kangaroo spine compared to the human spine. Similarities were only found in the cervical, lower thoracic and lumbar spinal regions. The range of motion of the kangaroo and human spines displayed comparable trends in the cervical (C4–C7), lower thoracic and lumbar regions independent of the motion plane. In the upper and middle thoracic regions, the flexibility of the kangaroo spine was considerably larger. These results suggested that the kangaroo specimens could be considered to be a surrogate, but only in particular cases, for biomechanical in vitro tests.
Investigating rates and risk factors for hepatitis C virus reinfection in people receiving antiviral treatment in England
Authors: Hibbert Matthew , Simmons Ruth , Harris Helen , Desai Monica , Sabin Caroline A. , Mandal Sema 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEngland has committed to the World Health Organization target to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public threat by the year 2030. Given successful treatments for HCV in recent years, it is unclear whether HCV reinfection will impact England's ability to achieve HCV elimination. We aimed to estimate the HCV reinfection rate among a cohort of patients receiving antiviral treatment using available surveillance data. Linkage between a treatment dataset from 2015 to 2019 and an HCV RNA testing dataset were used to identify people who experienced reinfection using three criteria. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine risk factors associated with HCV reinfection among a cohort who received treatment and had follow‐up HCV RNA testing. The reinfection rate among those receiving HCV treatment was 7.91 per 100 person‐years (PYs, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.37–8.49) and highest among current injecting drug users (22.55 per 100 PYs, 95% CI 19.98–25.46) and people who had been in prison (20.42 per 100 PYs, 95% CI 17.21–24.24). In the adjusted model, women had a significantly reduced risk of reinfection. Being of younger age, current injecting drug users, and receipt of first treatment in prison were each significantly associated with increased risk of reinfection. Two‐fifths of those with reinfection (43%, n = 329/767) were linked to treatment after reinfection, and of those starting treatment, three quarters (75%, n = 222/296) achieved a sustained virologic response. Guidance for testing groups at risk of reinfection and harm reduction strategies to minimize transmission should be implemented if England is to achieve HCV elimination targets.
Seasonal beta‐diversity of dry grassland vegetation: Divergent peaks of above‐ground biomass and species richness
Authors: Fischer Felícia M. , Chytrý Kryštof , Chytrá Helena , Chytrý Milan , Těšitel Jakub 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuestionTemperate grasslands are known for their high plant diversity and distinct seasonality. However, their intra‐annual community dynamics are still largely overlooked by ecologists. Therefore, we explored the seasonal alpha‐ and beta‐diversity patterns of vascular plants and their relationships to above‐ground biomass in a rocky steppe (Festucion valesiacae).LocationPavlov Hills, SE Czech Republic.MethodsFor one year, we monitored the plant community of the rocky steppe at monthly intervals in 42 permanent plots of 0.25 m2. We examined seasonal changes in above‐ground biomass (estimated from the cover and height of living plant parts) and seasonal beta‐diversity, which we partitioned into turnover and nestedness components and their quantitative counterparts: balanced changes and abundance gradients.ResultsWe identified a pronounced seasonal pattern of above‐ground biomass, species richness and composition. Total above‐ground biomass was highest in June (summer), with a peak representing only 60% of total annual production (sum of individual species' maxima). However, the observed peak in species richness occurred in March (early spring), with 80% of the total species number recorded throughout the year. Accordingly, nestedness and abundance gradient patterns differed in the spring months, while seasonal turnover and balanced changes in abundance were generally congruent. Annual, short‐lived, and perennial species exhibited different seasonal patterns of species richness and biomass production, although a sharp increase in biomass and a peak in species richness in spring were universal across the community.ConclusionsSeasonal climatic constraints on plant growth are key determinants of primary production dynamics. Plants adapt to these constraints by adjusting their life cycles in different ways. In dry grasslands, the complexity of plant responses to climatic seasonality can result in seasonal beta‐diversity patterns with divergent peaks in biomass and species richness.
Environmental correlates of tree functional diversity with different leaf habits across subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests
Authors: Huang Caishuang , Xu Yue , Zang Runguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimEvergreen and deciduous broadleaved plants have long been considered as different strategies to cope with environmental conditions, which are closely related to the trait syndromes associated with leaf habits. However, there are no assessments of differences in functional diversity among evergreen and deciduous species over a regional scale.LocationSubtropical evergreen broadleaved forest (SEBLF) of China.MethodsWe measured seven functional traits of 292 woody plant species in 250 forest plots across five locations in the SEBLF. We quantified functional richness (FRic), functional divergence (FDiv), and functional evenness (FEve) for evergreen vs deciduous species separately. We compared the patterns of variation of functional diversity for different leaf habits along geographical (latitude, longitude and elevation) and environmental (climate and soil) gradients.ResultsFunctional richness of evergreen species was higher than that of deciduous species, while FDiv and FEve were lower. FRic of evergreen species decreased while FDiv increased with increasing elevation. For deciduous species, FRic and FDiv decreased with increasing latitude. With the increase of longitude, only FDiv of evergreen species decreased. FEve of both leaf habits did not exhibit geographical patterns. Environmental variables explained 9%–38% and 4%–33% of the variation in functional diversity of evergreen and deciduous species respectively. The temperature range was the most important factor affecting FRic and FDiv of evergreen species, while FRic of deciduous species was mainly affected by precipitation of the driest quarter. FEve of both leaf habits was mostly affected by soil conditions.Main conclusionsFunctional diversity of subtropical forests in China revealed different geographical patterns across leaf habits. The functional diversity of evergreen species was mainly linked to temperature, while the deciduous species were driven by precipitation. Our study demonstrated that different functional diversity patterns of evergreen and deciduous broadleaved plants in response to environment can result in the coexistence of the two leaf habit types.
Early mobilisation practice in intensive care units: A large‐scale cross‐sectional survey in China
Authors: Liu Huan , Tian Yongming , Jiang Biantong , Song Yuanyuan , Du Aiping , Ji Shuming 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe field of early rehabilitation has developed slowly in mainland China and there are limited data on the implementation of early mobilisation (EM) practice in intensive care unit (ICUs) in China.AimsTo investigate the implementation of EM in ICUs in mainland China and to analyse its influencing factors.Study designA cross‐sectional electronic survey was conducted in 444 ICUs across 11 provinces in China. Head nurses provided data on institutional characteristics and EM practice in ICUs. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with the implementation of EM.ResultsIn all, 56.98% (253/444) of ICUs implemented EM with comprehensive or complete implementation in 86 ICUs. Of the 191 ICUs that did not use EM, 136 planned to implement EM in the near future. Of the 253 ICUs that used EM, 21.34% of ICUs implemented EM for all eligible patients, while 24.90% would evaluate and carry out EM within 48 h after ICU admission, 39.13% had collaborative EM teams, 34.39% reported the use of EM protocols, 14.63% reported multidisciplinary rounds and 17.39% had medical orders and charging standards for all EM activities. Only 18.18% of ICUs conducted frequent professional training for EM, and abnormal events occurred in 15.41% of ICUs during EM practice. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that an economically strong province, the presence of a dedicated therapist team, more ICU beds and a higher staff‐to‐bed ratio favoured the implementation of EM. Furthermore, multidisciplinary rounds, well‐established medical orders and charging standards, and a high frequency of professional training can lead to the comprehensive promotion and development of EM practice in ICUs.ConclusionsBoth the implementation rate and quality of EM practice for critically ill patients require improvement. EM practice in Chinese ICUs is still nascent and requires development in a variety of domains.Relevance to clinical practiceTo facilitate the implementation of EM in ICUs, more human resources, especially the involvement of a professional therapist team, should be deployed. In addition, health providers should actively organize multidisciplinary rounds and professional training and formulate appropriate EM medical orders and charging standards.
Three‐year outcomes of an optometrist‐led virtual clinic for new glaucoma referrals
Authors: Karthikeyan Anuragini , Lee Chan Ning , Myneni Jaya , Harthan Stephen , Bragg Kris , Bentley Sarah , Dubois Vincent , Bhan Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the outcomes of an optometrist‐led virtual glaucoma clinic (VGC).MethodsNew patients referred to the glaucoma service who were consultant triaged as ‘low risk’ were assessed virtually by specialist‐trained optometrists in the VGC and either discharged or monitored for a period of 3 years. Ten percent of virtual case notes were audited by a glaucoma consultant to verify quality and generate learning objectives. Retrospective case‐note review and analysis of all patients seen in the virtual clinic between 2014 and 2016 was undertaken to determine 3‐year outcomes.ResultsA total of 1710 new patients were seen in the clinic between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016. Of these, 1033 (60.4%) patients required no outpatient input in 3 years of follow‐up. Additionally, 320 (18.7%) were discharged at the first visit, and the proportion of glaucoma suspect and ocular hypertension patients who converted to glaucoma was 12.1% and 5.8%, respectively. At 3 years, 95 patients had died, 159 were lost to follow‐up, 576 were discharged and 371 were diagnosed with glaucoma at baseline or during the 3‐year follow‐up. The cumulative discharge proportion from the service at the end of 3 years was 82.6%. No patients required emergency eye treatment or sight‐impairment registration, and of the 12 referred back to the clinic on discharge, only five required ongoing monitoring.ConclusionThis optometrist‐led VGC combined two aspects of novel service delivery to reduce the burden of glaucoma monitoring in outpatient departments and consolidate consultant contact to patients requiring more intervention. This model will be of value in units establishing virtual services and looking to expand the role of allied health professionals.