bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant‐Based Dietary Patterns and Parkinson's Disease: A Prospective Analysis of the UK Biobank
Authors: Tresserra‐Rimbau Anna , Thompson Alysha S. , Bondonno Nicola , Jennings Amy , Kühn Tilman , Cassidy Aedín 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlant‐based diets have been associated with a lower risk of several chronic diseases, but the relationship with PD is unknown.ObjectivesWe examined the association of three different plant‐based diets with PD incidence in the UK Biobank cohort.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study among 126,283 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. Three plant‐based diet indices (overall plant‐based diet index, PDI; healthful plant‐based diet index, hPDI; and unhealthful plant‐based diet index, uPDI) were derived from 24‐hour dietary recalls based on 17 food groups. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk of PD across quartiles of the PDIs and for each of the food groups that constituted the score. Further analyses were carried out to assess potential heterogeneity in associations between hPDI and PD across strata of some hypothesized effect modifiers.ResultsDuring 11.8 years of follow‐up (1,490,139 person‐years), 577 cases of PD incidence were reported. After multivariable adjustment, participants in the highest hPDI and overall PDI quartile had lower risk of PD (22% and 18%, respectively), whereas a higher uPDI was associated with a 38% higher PD risk. In food‐based analyses, higher intakes of vegetables, nuts, and tea were associated with a lower risk of PD (28%, 31% and 25%, respectively). Stratifying by Polygenic Risk Score (PRS), results were significant only for those with a lower PRS for PD.ConclusionsFollowing a healthful plant‐based diet and in particular the inclusion of readily achievable intakes of vegetables, nuts and tea in the habitual diet are associated with a lower risk of PD. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Neighborhood poverty prospectively predicts PTSD symptoms six‐months following trauma exposure
Authors: Ravi Meghna , Powers Abigail , Rothbaum Barbara O. , Stevens Jennifer S. , Michopoulos Vasiliki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIndividuals living in areas with high rates of poverty are disproportionately affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite this association, little is known about how neighborhood poverty rates impact risk for PTSD development. In the current prospective study, we determined the relationship between neighborhood poverty rate and PTSD symptoms 6‐months after experiencing a traumatic event in a sample of varied race, gender, and socioeconomic status. Participants (N = 252) were enrolled in a hospital emergency department after experiencing a traumatic event. Demographic information (including zip code of residence), baseline PTSD symptoms, and baseline trauma history was assessed in the emergency department. PTSD symptoms were again assessed 6‐months posttrauma. Neighborhood poverty rate was determined using the American Community Survey. Correlation analyses revealed that neighborhood poverty was significantly associated with baseline PTSD symptoms (r = 0.181, p = 0.004) and PTSD symptoms 6‐months posttrauma (r = 0.163, p = 0.009). A regression analysis controlling for baseline trauma exposure, clinician‐rated trauma severity, and individual socioeconomic status demonstrated that neighborhood poverty predicted PTSD symptoms six‐months posttrauma (R2 = 0.099, B = 0.15, p = 0.04), but this relationship was no longer significant when baseline PTSD symptoms was added as an additional covariate (R2 = 0.304, B = 0.07, p > 0.05). Overall, results suggest that neighborhood poverty generally increases PTSD symptom severity, and the context in which an individual lives should be considered when conceptualizing risk for PTSD.
cGAS‐STING signaling in cancer: Regulation and therapeutic targeting
Authors: Fan Xinzou , Song Xiaoshuang , Chen Wenjing , Liang Hantian , Nakatsukasa Hiroko , Zhang Dunfang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy has revolutionized antitumor therapy. Since the discovery of stimulators of interferon genes (STING), efforts have been made to elucidate their mechanisms and physiological functions and explore the potential of STING as a therapeutic target in immune‐related diseases and malignant tumors. In recent years, STING agonists have become a popular research topic. Activation of the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)‐STING pathway produces large amounts of type I interferons, which play key roles in activating innate and acquired immune responses. The cGAS‐STING pathway influences almost all aspects of tumorigenesis and has great antitumor potential. In addition, the activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway is associated with tumor regression, prolonged survival of patients with cancer, and enhanced immunotherapy. Given the positive role of STING in antitumor immunity, the development of STING‐targeted drugs is important. In this review, we summarize the activation and potential mechanisms of the cGAS‐STING pathway, discuss the association of the cGAS‐STING pathway with tumors and autoimmune diseases, and highlight research progress, clinical applications, and combination drug strategies for STING agonists.
Exploration of the pulse pileup effects in a clinical CdTe‐based photon‐counting computed tomography
Authors: Bhattarai Mridul , Bache Steve , Abadi Ehsan , Samei Ehsan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh tube current generates a high flux of x‐rays to photon counting detectors (PCDs) that can potentially result in the piling up of pulses formed by concurrent photons, which can cause count loss and energy resolution degradation.PurposeTo evaluate the performance of clinical photon‐counting CT (PCCT) systems in high flux, potentially influenced by pulse pileup effects, in terms of task‐generic image quality metrics.MethodsA clinical phantom was scanned on a commercial PCCT scanner (NAEOTOM Alpha, Siemens) at 120 kV under fourteen different tube current levels (40–1000 mA) with a rotation time of 0.25 s and a pitch of 1. The dose levels corresponded to CTDIvol(32 cm phantom) of 0.79–19.8 mGy. CT sinograms were reconstructed using QIR‐off mode (noniterative reconstruction algorithm), Br44 kernel, and a voxel size of . imQuest, an open‐source MATLAB‐based software package was used to calculate noise power spectrum (NPS), task transfer function (TTF), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), and CT number according to AAPM Task Group 233 metrology.ResultsThe 50% cut‐off frequency of TTF (f50) remained mostly constant across all higher tube currents for all inserts, namely polyethylene, bone, air, and acrylic. Using the lowest two data points (40 and 80 mA), the expected relationship between noise magnitude and tube current was determined to be noise mA−0.47. The measured noise magnitude were up to 11.1% higher than the expected value at the highest tube current. The average frequency of NPS (fav) decreased from 0.32 to 0.29 mm−1as tube current increased from 40 to 1000 mA. No considerable effects were observed in CT number measurement of any insert; however, CT numbers for air and bone changed almost monotonically as tube current increased. Absolute CNR increased monotonically for all inserts; however, the difference between measured and expected CNRs were approximately −6% to 12% across all tube currents.ConclusionsIncreasing tube currents did not affect the spatial resolution, but slightly affected the CT number and noise measurements of the clinical PCCT system. However, the effects were only considerable at clinically irrelevant tube currents used on a small 20‐cm phantom. In general clinical practices, automatic exposure control techniques are used to decrease the variation of flux on the detector, which alleviates the chances of detector saturation due to high count rates. The observed effects could be due to pulse pileup, signal‐dependent filtration of the system, or nonlinearities in the reconstruction algorithm. In conclusion, either the deadtime of the detector used in the photon‐counting CT system is shorter such that count losses due to pulse pileup are negligible, or pulse pileup has inconsiderable effects on the image quality of clinical photon‐counting CT systems in routine clinical practice due to possible corrections applied on the system.
High resolution simulation and measurement demonstrate oscillatory spatiotemporal B0 fluctuations across the human cardiac cycle
Authors: Shang Yun , Theilenberg Sebastian , Gajdošík Martin , Schreiber Laura M. , Juchem Christoph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeFunctional cardiac MRI scans employing balanced steady‐state free precession sequences suffer from dark band artifacts in the myocardium due to B0 inhomogeneity. We recently introduced a novel method for the theoretical derivation of B0 distributions in the human heart. This study aims to simulate the B0 distributions in the heart across the cardiac cycle using structural MR images and validate the simulations via in vivo measured cardiac phase‐specific B0 maps on the same subjects at 3T.MethodsCardiac phase‐specific B0 field maps were acquired from eight healthy subjects at 3T. B0 conditions were simulated based on tissue masks created from the cardiac‐phase specific structural images from the in vivo B0 map scan and anatomical images from a thoracic MRI scan, adopting our recently published approach. The simulations and in vivo measurements were compared by calculating the spatial correlation of their B0 distributions and temporal correlation of the derived spherical harmonic coefficients throughout the cardiac cycle.ResultsThe spatial comparison of B0 maps between the simulation and in vivo measurement indicates an overall average correlation coefficient of 0.91 across the cardiac cycle in all subjects. Both groups show consistent high‐level B0 patterns. Temporal variations of B0 conditions exhibit sinusoidal characteristics and are strongly correlated between simulation and in vivo.ConclusionTheoretical simulations employing regional anatomical features were validated by direct in vivo B0 mapping in the same subjects. The spatial B0 condition throughout the cardiac cycle exhibits oscillatory characteristics due to structural distortions of cardiac motion.
Combining profit and purpose: Paradoxical leadership skills and social–business tensions during the formation and sustenance of a social enterprise
Authors: Gopakumar K. V. , Gupta Vishal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBorrowing from paradoxical leadership literature and using the case of a social enterprise formed from a traditional nonprofit, the present study identifies a set of multilevel skills that helped the leader address the two social–business tensions, namely, continuance as a nonprofit and the forming of a social enterprise and the sustenance of a social enterprise and preventing the drift towards a for‐profit orientation during the formation of social enterprise and in its sustenance thereafter. The individual‐level paradoxical leadership skill of balancing idealism and pragmatism, the organizational‐level paradoxical leadership skill of navigating organizing contradictions, and the societal‐level skill of gauging societal developments and their organizational implications helped address the two different manifestations of social–business tensions during the formation and sustenance of a social enterprise. Implications for paradoxical leadership, social–business tensions, and social enterprise literature are discussed.
Quantitative effect of plasma‐processed multi‐walled carbon nanotubes for mechanical property of in situ polymerized polyurethane composite
Authors: Ogawa Daisuke , Morimune‐Moriya Seira , Fukuda Hikaru , Nakamura Keiji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article reports the quantitative effect on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are exposed to low‐temperature plasma, for the purpose of a filler application of polyurethane (PU) composite. The plasma exposure provides an opportunity for the surface modification of the CNTs, so the exposure possibly enhances the interfacial interaction in PU composite. In this article, we carried out a wear‐resistant examination to investigate the mechanical property of the PU composite with plasma‐treated CNTs with a variation of the CNT concentration in the PU composite. Our results showed that plasma treatment assisted the resistance of the PU composite. Furthermore, our observation showed that plasma treatment gives a good dispersion in the composite and possibly enhances interfacial interaction due to surface modification.
Oncofertility patient navigation: The frontlines of fertility and reproductive health care in cancer
Authors: Whiteside Stacy L. , Frias Olivia Jaworek , Clifford Lindsey , Schultz Katie , Erickson Laura , Caldwell Mary , Prebus Olivia , Pruett Megan , Smith Kristin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOncofertility is an emerging field that incorporates diverse disciplines working together to care for oncology patients from birth to adulthood who are facing surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy that may impact their fertility potential and reproductive function. Providing this care to newly diagnosed oncology patients in an expedited manner can be challenging. There is currently a paucity of published data about how this care is provided, training and education of individuals providing this care, and patient‐reported outcomes related specifically to oncofertility care. The role of the oncofertility patient navigator is to bridge the institutional and disciplinary boundaries so oncology patients of all ages can receive timely information regarding fertility risk and preservation options at diagnosis and throughout survivorship care. The purpose of this paper is to define the role of the oncofertility patient navigator within diverse models of care and health care systems, and provide a framework for ongoing efforts to improve reproductive care for those affected by cancer in their years of child‐bearing potential.
Effect of 3D printing process parameters on the mechanical properties of silica/polyethyleneimine composites using direct‐ink writing
Authors: Feng Hui , Wang Shuo , Cui Yanjun , Xiang Yongsheng , Liu Xiaofei , Sun Xiaoliang , Zhang Wenli , Tu Peng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDirect‐ink writing (DIW) 3D printing technology has the advantages of simple process and high efficiency, and enables the molding of materials at room temperature. These characteristics make DIW technology widely applicable in the field of monolithic molding. In this study, a composite slurry of SiO2 and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was molded using direct‐ink writing 3D printing technology. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric were used to analyze the structure and thermal characteristics of the composites. Additionally, the study investigated the extrusion flow under different pressures and the impact of ink formula on their rheological behavior and printability, along with an examination of the effects of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of the monolithic structures. The results indicate that the tensile strength of the dumbbell‐shaped specimen increases with greater sample density and reduced nozzle diameter. At a filling angle of ±45°, the void rate is minimal, and the tensile strength reaches a maximum of 1.73 MPa. The tensile strength is maximum when the nozzle diameter is 0.8 mm. On the other hand, the compressive strength of the specimen is directly proportional to the layer thickness – it increases upon reducing the layer thickness. When the layer thickness is 0.3 mm, the compressive strength reaches 0.13 MPa. This study provides insights into direct‐ink writing 3D printing technology and its relationship with the mechanical properties of SiO2/PEI composites monolithic structures.Highlights
Self‐standing fumed silica/polyethyleneimine (PEI) composite monoliths were shaped by Direct Ink Writing (DIW) technology. The impact of composite slurry composition on their rheological behavior and printability was examined.
Printing parameters effects on mechanical properties of monolithic structures assessed.
Significant insights into the relationship between extrusion pressure and forming structure of the composite monoliths are revealed by our research, thereby contributing to the optimization of printing processes.
A coarse‐grained molecular dynamics study on the mechanical behavior of carbon nanotubes reinforced vulcanized natural rubber composites
Authors: Cui Jianzheng , Zeng Fanlin , Wang Youshan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the present study, coarse‐grained (CG) molecular models of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) strengthened vulcanized natural rubber (VNR) composites are constructed to systematically investigate the effects of length, inter‐tube cross‐linking, and polymer‐grafting of CNTs on the stress–strain behavior of VNR composites under uniaxial tension. The interfacial CG force field between CNTs and VNR is derived via the energy matching approach. The results demonstrate that increasing the length of CNTs is able to effectively enhance the mechanical performance of VNR composites, and the reinforcing efficiency increases gradually and tends to stabilize with increasing CNT length. Moreover, the cross‐linking and polymer‐grafting of CNTs are also effective approaches to significantly enhance the mechanical performance of VNR composites. The enhancement mechanism of CNTs is interpreted from the perspective of CNT networks, VNR networks, CNT‐VNR interface networks, and the interfacial load‐transfer behavior. Specifically, the dispersion of CNTs, the orientation of CNTs and VNR molecular chains, and the wrapping and interlocking behaviors between CNTs and the VNR matrix reveal a detailed structure‐mechanics relationship of CNTs‐reinforced VNR composites at the molecular level. These findings present theoretical instruction for the structural design of high‐performance rubber composites.Highlights
A coarse‐grained model of carbon nanotube‐natural rubber composites is built.
The composite network structures are quantitatively characterized.
The length, cross‐linking, and grafting effects of carbon nanotubes are studied.
The reinforcement mechanisms of carbon nanotubes are revealed.
Thermal insulation and mechanical properties of carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic polyphthalazine ether sulfone ketone composites reinforced by hollow glass beads
Authors: Feng Jingyao , Li Nan , Wang Bing , Cheng Shan , Bao Qingguang , Wang Heming , Jian Xigao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the high‐tech field, there is an urgent need for materials that possess thermal insulation, mechanical properties, and processing properties. One promising option is Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites (CFRTPs), which exhibit excellent characteristics such as light weight, high strength, and high temperature resistance. The effects and mechanisms of hollow glass beads (HGB) on the thermal insulation and mechanical properties of carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic polyphthalazine ether sulfone ketone composites (CF/PPESK) were investigated. The introduction of 15 wt% HGB improved the material's thermal insulation performance by 32.74% perpendicular to the fiber direction and 44.95% parallel to the fiber direction. Furthermore, the addition of 3 wt% HGB increased the interlaminar shear strength, compression strength, and flexural strength by 21.34%, 17.49%, and 5.53%, respectively. Additionally, the dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed that the HGB/CF/PPESK composite has superior high‐temperature mechanical properties, which holds great promise for CFRTPs applications.Highlights
Modification of CF/PPESK with HGB improved its thermal insulation properties.
Analysis of the mechanism of CF/PPESK for thermal insulation performance.
HGB improved the mechanical properties by delaying the expansion of microcracks.
Agglomeration of HGB leads to a rapid rise in thermal insulation properties.
Understanding teacher‐directed violence and related turnover through a school climate framework
Authors: Peist Eric , McMahon Susan D. , Davis‐Wright Jacqueline O. , Keys Christopher B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTeacher turnover is an issue of national significance and has worsened since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Teacher‐directed violence and teacher turnover can significantly impact school life for students, staff, and communities. Using Wang and Degol's school climate framework, we examined school characteristics that contribute to teacher‐directed violence and related turnover. The current study examines the qualitative experiences of 403 teachers who reported that their most upsetting incidents of violence contributed to desires to leave the profession, transfer, or retire. Many teachers indicated concerns about safety and community factors, including parent–teacher relationships and community violence. Educators emphasized issues related to administrators, describing a lack of support and poor leadership. Finally, teachers discussed concerns with policy on both school and government levels. Improving school climate may be one avenue for decreasing teacher‐directed violence and preventing turnover.
The low odds of poor women with small business loans emerging from poverty: Critical social policy implications for Pakistan
Authors: Rizvi Jafree Sara , Ahsan Humna , Mustafa Mudasir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe government of Pakistan has been relying on the microfinance industry to reduce poverty among poor women in Pakistan. Using a theoretical framework that argues for limiting the abilities and capacity of existing microfinance services, we empirically investigate the odds of poor women remaining in poverty despite microfinance loan provision. We collected data from four provinces in Pakistan and analyzed it using multivariate logistic regression. Three‐fourths of the 442 women respondents live below poverty lines and are unable to emerge from poverty due to factors such as: housing instability, food insecurity, lack of savings, insufficient loan size and high installment rates, lack of gender solidarity through group borrowing, and threats of domestic violence. Lack of health insurance and critical health problems such as infectious diseases, having suffered an injury, chronic ailments, and mental health challenges are also preventing poverty emergence. We conclude by recommending key social policy development agendas that need to be introduced by the state, in partnership with the microfinance sector, to support women borrowers and help them emerge from poverty.