bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic stress disorder and associated factors among adult war survivors in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Teshome Assefa Agegnehu , Abebe Endeshaw Chekol , Mengstie Misganaw Asmamaw , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Yitbarek Getachew Yideg , Molla Yalew Melkamu , Baye Nega Dagnaw , Yazie Taklo Simeneh , Ayehu Gashaw Walle , Taye Molla Jemberie 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundA person may endure or witness a traumatic incident, such as being exposed to war, and, as a result, develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is a lack of information about post-traumatic stress disorder in low and middle-income countries such as Ethiopia. However, armed conflict, abuse of human rights, and violence motivated by race are becoming more commonplace. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD and associated factors among war survivors in Nefas Meewcha Town, South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia, 2022.MethodsA community based cross-sectional study was carried out. 812 study participants were chosen using a multi-stage sampling process. A face-to-face interview used a post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL-5) to evaluate PTSD. The association between PTSD and other demographic and psychosocial characteristics was investigated using bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. A P-value of 0.05 was declared as statistical significance.ResultThe prevalence of PTSD in this study was 40.8% with a 95% CI of 36.2 to 46.7. The likelihood of developing PTSD was significantly associated with the fallowing factors. A close family member killed or seriously injured (AOR = 4.53, 95% CI = 3.25–6.46), being female (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.3–3.0), moderate (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI = 2.52–4.68) and high perceived stress (AOR = 5.23, 95% CI = 3.47–8.26), depression symptoms (AOR = 4.92, 95% CI = 3.57–6.86), anxiety disorder symptoms (AOR = 5.24, 95% CI = 3.72–7.63), a chronic medical illness (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI = 2.52–5.41), physical assault (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.05–3.72) and being in a war fighting situation (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.21–3.14).ConclusionThis study reported that the prevalence of PTSD was high. Being female, having a previous history of chronic medical illness, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, history of a family member or friend was injured or killed, poor social support, high perceived stress, physical assault, and being in a war fighting situation were statistically associated with PTSD. Hence, regular patient assessment by mental health organizations for those with a history of trauma and facilitation of ways to support such residents is highly recommended.
Movement behavior policies in the early childhood education and care setting: An international scoping review
Authors: Wenden Elizabeth J. , Virgara Rosa , Pearce Natasha , Budgeon Charley , Christian Hayley E. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundMeeting 24-h movement behavior guidelines for the early years is associated with better health and development outcomes in young children. Early childhood education and care (ECEC) is a key intervention setting however little is known about the content and implementation of movement behavior polices in this context. To inform policy development this international scoping review examined the prevalence, content, development and implementation of ECEC-specific movement behavior policies.MethodsA systematic literature search of published and gray literature since 2010 was conducted. Academic databases (EMBASE, Cinahl, Web of Science, Proquest, Scopus, EBSCO, PubMed) were searched. A Google search was undertaken and limited to the first 200 results. The Comprehensive Analysis of Policy on Physical Activity framework informed data charting.ResultsForty-three ECEC policy documents met inclusion criteria. Most policies originated in the United States, were subnational and developed with government, non-government organizations and ECEC end-users. Physical activity was specified in 59% (30–180 min/day), sedentary time in 51% (15–60 min/day) and sleep in 20% (30–120 min/day) of policies. Daily outdoor physical activity was recommended (30–160 min/day) in most policies. No policy permitted screen time for children &lt;2 years, with 20–120 min/day for children &gt;2 years. Most policies (80%) had accompanying resources but few provided evaluation tools (e.g., checklists; action plan templates). Many policies had not been reviewed since the publication of 24-h movement guidelines.ConclusionMovement behavior policies in the ECEC setting are often vaguely worded, missing a comprehensive evidence base, siloed in development and often not tailored for the ‘real world.’ A focus on evidence informed ECEC-specific movement behavior policies proportionally aligned with national/international 24-h Movement Behaviors Guidelines for the Early Years is needed.
Lag-time effects of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in German hospitals and intensive-care units
Authors: Lokonon Bruno Enagnon , Montcho Yvette , Klingler Paul , Tovissodé Chénangnon Frédéric , Glèlè Kakaï Romain , Wolkewitz Martin 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe Efficacy and effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 have clearly been shown by randomized trials and observational studies. Despite these successes on the individual level, vaccination of the population is essential to relieving hospitals and intensive care units. In this context, understanding the effects of vaccination and its lag-time on the population-level dynamics becomes necessary to adapt the vaccination campaigns and prepare for future pandemics.MethodsThis work applied a quasi-Poisson regression with a distributed lag linear model on German data from a scientific data platform to quantify the effects of vaccination and its lag times on the number of hospital and intensive care patients, adjusting for the influences of non-pharmaceutical interventions and their time trends. We separately evaluated the effects of the first, second and third doses administered in Germany.ResultsThe results revealed a decrease in the number of hospital and intensive care patients for high vaccine coverage. The vaccination provides a significant protective effect when at least approximately 40% of people are vaccinated, whatever the dose considered. We also found a time-delayed effect of the vaccination. Indeed, the effect on the number of hospital patients is immediate for the first and second doses while for the third dose about 15 days are necessary to have a strong protective effect. Concerning the effect on the number of intensive care patients, a significant protective response was obtained after a lag time of about 15–20 days for the three doses. However, complex time trends, e.g. due to new variants, which are independent of vaccination make the detection of these findings challenging.ConclusionOur results provide additional information about the protective effects of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2; they are in line with previous findings and complement the individual-level evidence of clinical trials. Findings from this work could help public health authorities efficiently direct their actions against SARS-CoV-2 and be well-prepared for future pandemics.
Developing technical support and strategic dialogue at the country level to achieve Primary Health Care-based health systems beyond the COVID-19 era
Authors: Cheong Chi Mo Jeremy , Shah Archana , Downey Casey , Genay-Diliautas Sophie , Saikat Sohel , Mustafa Saqif , Meru Nikon , Dalil Suraya , Schmets Gerard , Porignon Denis 
Published: April 2023

This article is part of the Research Topic ‘Health Systems Recovery in the Context of COVID-19 and Protracted Conflict’.Pursuing the objectives of the Declaration of Alma-Ata for Primary Health Care (PHC), the World Health Organization (WHO) and global health partners are supporting national authorities to improve governance to build resilient and integrated health systems, including recovery from public health stressors, through the long-term deployment of WHO country senior health policy advisers under the Universal Health Coverage Partnership (UHC Partnership). For over a decade, the UHC Partnership has progressively reinforced, via a flexible and bottom-up approach, the WHO’s strategic and technical leadership on Universal Health Coverage, with more than 130 health policy advisers deployed in WHO Country and Regional Offices. This workforce has been described as a crucial asset by WHO Regional and Country Offices in the integration of health systems to enhance their resilience, enabling the WHO offices to strengthen their support of PHC and Universal Health Coverage to Ministries of Health and other national authorities as well as global health partners. Health policy advisers aim to build the technical capacities of national authorities, in order to lead health policy cycles and generate political commitment, evidence, and dialogue for policy-making processes, while creating synergies and harmonization between stakeholders. The policy dialogue at the country level has been instrumental in ensuring a whole-of-society and whole-of-government approach, beyond the health sector, through community engagement and multisectoral actions. Relying on the lessons learned during the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa and in fragile, conflict-affected, and vulnerable settings, health policy advisers played a key role during the COVID-19 pandemic to support countries in health systems response and early recovery. They brought together technical resources to contribute to the COVID-19 response and to ensure the continuity of essential health services, through a PHC approach in health emergencies. This policy and practice review, including from the following country experiences: Colombia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Lao PDR, South Sudan, Timor-Leste, and Ukraine, provides operational and inner perspectives on strategic and technical leadership provided by WHO to assist Member States in strengthening PHC and essential public health functions for resilient health systems. It aims to demonstrate and advise lessons and good practices for other countries in strengthening their health systems.
In-office Eustachian tube balloon dilation under local anesthesia as a response to operating room restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sheppard Sean C. , Beckmann Sven , Caversaccio Marco , Anschuetz Lukas 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of local anesthesia for Eustachian tube balloon dilation as an in-office procedure for the treatment of Eustachian tube dilatory dysfunction as a response to the restriction measures of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.MethodPatients with Eustachian tube dilatory dysfunction refractory to nasal steroids undergoing Eustachian tube balloon dilation in local anesthesia were enrolled in a prospective observational cohort between May 2020 and April 2022. The patients were assessed by using the Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire (ETDQ-7) score and Eustachian tube mucosal inflammation scale. They underwent clinical examination, tympanometry, and pure tone audiometry. Eustachian tube balloon dilation was performed in-office under local anesthesia. The perioperative experience of the patients was recorded using a 1–10 visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsThirty patients (47 Eustachian tubes) underwent the operation successfully. One attempted dilation was aborded because the patient displayed anxiety. Local anesthesia was performed by using topical lidocaine and nasal packing for all patients. Three patients required an infiltration of the nasal septum and/or tubal nasopharyngeal orifice. The mean time of the operation was 5.7 min per Eustachian tube dilation. The mean level of discomfort during the intervention was 4.7 (on a 1–10 VAS scale). All patients returned home immediately after the intervention. The only reported complication was a self-limiting subcutaneous emphysema.ConclusionEustachian tube balloon dilation can be performed under local anesthesia and is well tolerated by most patients. In the patients reported in this study, no major complications occurred. In order to free operation room capacities, the intervention can be performed in an in-office setting with satisfactory patient feedback.
Different effects of a perioperative single dose of dexamethasone on wound healing in mice with or without sepsis
Authors: Chen Yuanyang , Chen Xiaoshan , Zhou Quanhong 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionSepsis delays wound healing owing to uncontrolled inflammation. A single perioperative dose of dexamethasone is widely used because of its anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of dexamethasone on wound healing in sepsis remain unclear.MethodsWe discuss the methods to obtain dose curves and explore the safe dosage range for wound healing in mice with or without sepsis. A saline or LPS intraperitoneal injection was applied to C57BL/6 mice. After 24 hours, the mice received a saline or DEX intraperitoneal injection and full-thickness, dorsal wounding operation. Wound healing was observed by image record, immunofluorescence and histological staining. Inflammatory cytokines and M1/M2 macrophages in wounds were determined by ELISA and immunofluorescence, respectively.ResultsDose-response curves reflected the safe dosage range of DEX in mice with or without sepsis, from 0.121 to 2.03 mg/kg and from 0 to 0.633 mg/kg, respectively. we found that a single dose of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) promoted wound healing in septic mice, but delayed wound healing in normal mice. In normal mice, dexamethasone delays inflammation, resulting in an insufficient number of macrophages during the healing process. In septic mice, dexamethasone alleviated excessive inflammation and maintained the balance of M1/M2 macrophages in the early and late healing process.DiscussionIn summary, the safe dosage range of dexamethasone in septic mice is wider than that in normal mice. A single dose of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) increased wound healing in septic mice, but delayed it in normal mice. Our findings provide helpful suggestions for the rational use of dexamethasone.
Inequalities in the Access to Health Services Among Older Migrants: Evidence From the China Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey
Authors: Long Chengxu , Chen Fangfei , Ye Yisheng , Ji Lu , Xu Xinyin , Tang Shangfeng 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: To identify differences in healthcare use between older migrant workers (OMWs) and older migrants (OMs) and explore associated factors and paths of healthcare use.Methods: The data came from the 2015 China Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey (CMDMS). CMDMS used a multi-stage stratified probability proportionate to size method as the sampling technique and conducted a desk review. The samples include OMWs, OMs for caring offspring (N = 4,439), and OMs for receiving care from family (N = 4,184). We built logistic regression and path analysis models to analyze the data.Results: Social health insurance (SHI) in current place of residence is associated with less expenditure among all subgroups. OMWs and OMs for receiving care from family with SHI in current place of residence are more likely to use healthcare.Conclusion: OMWs are particularly vulnerable in healthcare use and socioeconomic status. Having SHI registered in current place of residence helps decrease expenditure among OMs. We urge policymakers to consider a united health financing scheme across OMWs and other urban employees and streamline policies for migrants to enroll in SHI in current place of residence.
Effects of Diazinon Exposure on Urinary Shedding of Leptospira interrogans Serogroup Hebdomadis in Mice
Authors: Shinya So , Muthusinghe Devinda S. , Koizumi Nobuo , Yoshimatsu Kumiko , Nakayama Shouta M. M. , Ishizuka Mayumi , Ikenaka Yoshinori 
Published: April 2023

Wild rodents are natural hosts of Leptospira spp. and are exposed to various pesticides, some of which are immunotoxic. Rodent urine is an important source of infection for humans and other animals. We evaluated the effects of pesticide exposure on Leptospira growth in mice. Diazinon, at doses of 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg/day, was orally administered continuously to mice infected with Leptospira interrogans serogroup Hebdomadis for 32 days. The numbers of L. interrogans in urine and kidney tissues were significantly lower in mice exposed to 5 mg/kg/day diazinon than in unexposed mice (p < 0.05). The urinary concentration of 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol, the metabolite of diazinon, was comparable with the concentration at which viability of L. interrogans was decreased in in vitro assay, suggesting that it had toxic effects on L. interrogans in the proximal renal tubules. Diazinon exposure reinforced Leptospira-induced expression of inflammatory cytokine genes in kidney tissues, and an enhanced immune system might suppress Leptospira growth. These results suggest that diazinon exposure may not increase the risk of Leptospira transmission to humans through mice. This novel study evaluated the relationship between pesticide exposure and Leptospira infection in mice, and the results could be useful for risk assessment of leptospirosis.
Constructing the composition ratio prediction model using machine learning for BaSi2 thin films deposited by thermal evaporation
Authors: Ueda Ryuto , Arimoto Keisuke , Yamanaka Junji , Hara Kosuke O. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A composition ratio prediction model for BaSi2 thin films deposited by thermal evaporation was constructed using machine learning. BaSi2 was prepared by thermal evaporation in a vacuum chamber, and the composition ratio was measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that the composition ratio is affected by various experimental parameters. To consider these parameters, kernel ridge regression was performed with Si/Ba ratio as the objective variable, and with experimental parameters as explanatory variables. A good fitting result was obtained by kernel ridge regression. The next step was to select a kernel function. We evaluated four types of kernel functions, and confirmed that two of them, the polynomial kernel and the sigmoid kernel, have relatively high prediction accuracy. Then we investigated different combinations of explanatory variables and found the best combination with the highest generalization performance. From the above, a composition ratio prediction model with a mean absolute error of less than 0.2 was obtained.
Nanocrystalline gallium nitride electron transport layer for cesium lead bromide photovoltaic power converter in blue light optical wireless power transmission
Authors: Fukamizu Rintaro , Aso Naoki , Shiratori Yuta , Miyajima Shinsuke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nanocrystalline gallium nitride (nc-GaN) layers were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering for the electron transport layer of the cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) photovoltaic power converter. We investigated the structural and electrical properties of the nc-GaN layers and found that substrate heater temperature is a key factor to determine the electrical conductivity of the nc-GaN layers. CsPbBr3 photovoltaic power converters with nc-GaN electron transport layers show good photovoltaic performance. The best performance was obtained at the substrate heater temperature of 550 °C and a conversion efficiency of 5.56% (V
OC = 1.24 V, J
SC = 6.68 mA cm−2, FF = 0.66) under AM1.5 G illumination with a light intensity of 100 mW cm−2. The estimated conversion efficiency under blue light with a wavelength of 450 nm is 28.8%.
Modelling of impedance dispersion in lateral β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs due to parallel conductive Si-accumulation layer
Authors: Chen Zequan , Mishra Abhishek , Bhat Aditya K. , Smith Matthew D. , Uren Michael J. , Kumar Sandeep , Higashiwaki Masataka , Kuball Martin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Frequency dispersion of impedance in lateral β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs has been characterized and a model has been established to explain the behavior. The dispersion occurs due to resistive and capacitive coupling between terminal contact pads and the buried conducting layer associated with the accumulation of Si contaminant at the unintentionally-doped epitaxy/substrate interface, which is also responsible for a buried parallel leakage path. Particularly, it is demonstrated that the dispersion is not associated with gate dielectric traps as would often be assumed. A generalized equivalent circuit model, which is capable of reproducing the experimental results, is proposed to explain the observations.
60Co gamma irradiation effects on GaN quasi-vertical Schottky barrier diodes with passivation layer and their post-irradiation annealing behavior
Authors: Song Xiufeng , Zhang Jincheng , Wu Yinhe , Zhao Shenglei , Du Lin , Feng Qi , Zhang Weiwei , Wang Zhongxu , Wu Feng , Liu Shuang , Liu Zhihong , Hao Yue 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, the effect of gamma irradiation on the quasi-vertical GaN Schottky barrier diodes with a passivation layer was investigated for the first time. The forward I–V characteristic was improved and the reverse leakage was slightly increased after 1 Mrad gamma irradiation. Moreover, the annealing process was carried out after the irradiation. The leakage current was recovered while the forward current continued to increase after the annealing. Then a possible mechanism based on the effect of gamma irradiation on passivation film was proposed to explain the annealing behavior of the passivated device.
A Catalog of Nearby Accelerating Star Candidates in Gaia DR3
Authors: Whiting Marc L. , Hill Joshua B. , Bromley Benjamin C. , Kenyon Scott J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We describe a new catalog of accelerating star candidates with Gaia G ≤ 17.5 mag and distances d ≤ 100 pc. Designated as the Gaia Nearby Accelerating Star Catalog (GNASC), it contains 29,684 members identified using a supervised machine-learning algorithm trained on the Hipparcos–Gaia Catalog of Accelerations (HGCA), Gaia Data Release 2, and Gaia Early Data Release 3. We take advantage of the difference in observation timelines between the two Gaia catalogs and information about the quality of the astrometric modeling based on the premise that acceleration will correlate with astrometric uncertainties. Catalog membership is based on whether constant proper motion over three decades can be ruled out at high confidence (greater than 99.9%). Test data suggest that catalog members each have a 68% likelihood of true astrometric acceleration; subsets of the catalog perform even better, with the likelihood exceeding 85%. We compare the GNASC with Gaia Data Release 3 and its table of stars for which acceleration is detected at high confidence based on precise astrometric fits. Our catalog, derived without this information, captures over 96% of the sources in the table that meet our selection criteria. In addition, the GNASC contains bright, nearby candidates that were not in the original Hipparcos survey, including members of known binary systems as well as stars with companions yet to be identified. It thus extends the HGCA and demonstrates the potential of the machine-learning approach for discovering hidden partners of nearby stars in future astrometric surveys.