bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pasture diet of cattle contributes to the reproductive success of dung beetles
Authors: Heddle T. , Hemmings Z. , Burns A. , Andrew N. R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cattle diet plays a crucial role in the quality of dung and the consequent reproductive capacity of dung beetles. We investigated how three pasture types (improved native, forage oat and inter‐sown rye/clover) influence the dung quality, the number of broods and reproductive output measured as brood size (dry weight and ellipsoid volume), development time and F1 progeny size (beetle length and pronotum width) of Onthophagus binodis, Euoniticellus africanus and Euoniticellus intermedius.
Nitrogen content was highest in rye/clover‐derived dung compared with improved native and forage oat. Improved native‐derived dung had the highest carbon, energy, organic matter, pH and insoluble non‐starch polysaccharide content, whereas forage oat had the lowest contents. Forage oat had the highest moisture content, ash and soluble non‐starch polysaccharide content compared with the other pastures.
Progeny length was influenced by pasture type, with female E. intermedius, and males and females of O. binodis being 11.4%, 11.2% and 7.3% longer, respectively, in rye/clover‐derived dung than forage oat dung. The pronotum width of O. binodis F1 progeny was 9.8% wider when produced from rye/clover dung than forage oat.
Rye/clover‐ and improved native‐derived dung provided the best resource for dung beetle reproduction compared with forage oat dung. Based on this study, cattle diet is important for consideration when evaluating reproductive ability and progeny measurements. Cattle diet should be further investigated as only three pasture types were investigated out of a numerous number of species and combinations.
Rapid development of individual identification and presence systems for a critically endangered antelope, the Mountain bongo
Authors: Sandri Tommy , Bunge Donald , Omengo Fred , Cain Bradley , Jones Martin , Harris W. Edwin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMonitoring of species, particularly remnant populations requiring urgent conservation is often hampered by the lack of reliable tools for individual identification (using images or their spoor). Here, we develop rapid monitoring tools for individual animals of the Mountain bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci), a critically endangered subspecies of the bongo only found in Kenya. We developed and tested an individual identification system using camera trap footage, as well as a quantitative tool to identify bongo spoor in the field, both useable by naïve observers. We implemented an information content approach to assess the importance of different visual elements in 61 individual bongos to optimise our identification system. We tested the reliability of the system with 15 naïve observers. We conclude that an optimal identification system should rely on three main visual features (stripe pattern, facial markings and horns appearance). We show that reliability amongst observers is high (κ = 0.64). We also developed a field scheme to identify footprint and spoor sign. Measurements of bongo footprints were compared with those of waterbuck (Kobus ellypsiprimnus), a syntopic antelope. Confusion occurs between spoor and footprints of both species. We find that differences in the aspect ratio of bongo and waterbuck footprints can identify the two species, 1.22 (±0.08) for bongo and 1.49 (±0.10) for waterbuck. The acquisition of reliable tools ensures monitoring activities are less dependent on individual expertise, which will allow consistent monitoring of bongo remnant populations in the future. The methods we used to develop these monitoring tools can help managers and field workers in the study of this and similar rare species where monitoring is a challenge.
Contraception and sterilization selection at delivery among pregnant patients with malignancy
Authors: Harris Chelsey A. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Rau Alesandra R. , Song Bonnie B. , Klar Maximilian , Ouzounian Joseph G. , Paulson Richard J. , Roman Lynda D. , Matsuo Koji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionSince malignancy during pregnancy is uncommon, information regarding contraception selection or sterilization at delivery is limited. The objective of this study was to examine the type of long‐acting reversible contraception or surgical sterilization procedure chosen by pregnant patients with malignancy at delivery.Material and methodsThis cross‐sectional study queried the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample in the USA. The study population was vaginal and cesarean deliveries in a hospital setting from January 2017 to December 2020. Pregnant patients with breast cancer (n = 1605), leukemia (n = 1190), lymphoma (n = 1120), thyroid cancer (n = 715), cervical cancer (n = 425) and melanoma (n = 400) were compared with 14 265 319 pregnant patients without malignancy. The main outcome measures were utilization of long‐acting reversible contraception (subdermal implant or intrauterine device) and performance of permanent surgical sterilization (bilateral tubal ligation or bilateral salpingectomy) during the index hospital admission for delivery, assessed with a multinomial regression model controlling for clinical, pregnancy and delivery characteristics.ResultsWhen compared with pregnant patients without malignancy, pregnant patients with breast cancer were more likely to proceed with bilateral salpingectomy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.30) or intrauterine device (aOR 1.91); none received the subdermal implant. Pregnant patients with leukemia were more likely to choose a subdermal implant (aOR 2.22), whereas those with lymphoma were more likely to proceed with bilateral salpingectomy (aOR 1.93) and bilateral tubal ligation (aOR 1.76). Pregnant patients with thyroid cancer were more likely to proceed with bilateral tubal ligation (aOR 2.21) and none received the subdermal implant. No patients in the cervical cancer group selected long‐acting reversible contraception, and they were more likely to proceed with bilateral salpingectomy (aOR 2.08). None in the melanoma group chose long‐acting reversible contraception. Among pregnant patients aged <30, the odds of proceeding with bilateral salpingectomy were increased in patients with breast cancer (aOR 3.01), cervical cancer (aOR 2.26) or lymphoma (aOR 2.08). The odds of proceeding with bilateral tubal ligation in pregnant patients aged <30 with melanoma (aOR 5.36) was also increased.ConclusionsThe results of this nationwide assessment in the United States suggest that among pregnant patients with malignancy, the preferred contraceptive option or method of sterilization at time of hospital delivery differs by malignancy type.
Prognostic impact of lung computed tomography density in cardiogenic shock patients with veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Hada Tasuku , Seguchi Osamu , Mochizuki Hiroki , Watanabe Takuya , Tadokoro Naoki , Kainuma Satoshi , Fukushima Satsuki , Tsukamoto Yasumasa , Noguchi Teruo , Fujita Tomoyuki , Fukushima Norihide 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary complications often occur in patients receiving veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). However, the prognostic impact of lung damage has not been fully elucidated.MethodsThis single‐center retrospective observational study targeted patients with cardiogenic shock who received VA ECMO between 2012 and 2021. This study included 65 patients who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) on VA ECMO, followed by escalation to central mechanical circulatory support (MCS) with left ventricular venting. The average density of lung CT images was measured using region‐of‐interest methods, and the primary endpoint was 180‐day all‐cause death after escalation to the central MCS.ResultsTwenty‐two patients (34%) developed 180‐day all‐cause death. According to the Cox regression analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.14; p = 0.001), ischemic etiology (HR, 5.53; 95% CI, 2.09–14.62; p < 0.001), duration of VA ECMO support (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.00–1.40; p = 0.045), and lung CT density (≥ −481 Hounsfield unit [HU]) (HR, 6.33; 95% CI, 2.26–17.72; p < 0.001) were independently associated with all‐cause death. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis determined that lung CT density ≥ −481 HU is an optimal cutoff value for predicting all‐cause death (area under the curve [AUC], 0.72). The 180‐day overall survival rate for patients with high lung CT density (≥ −481 HU) was significantly lower than that for those with low lung CT density (< −481 HU) (44.4% vs. 81.6%, respectively, p = 0.002).ConclusionsHigher lung CT density could be a useful predictor of death in patients with VA ECMO requiring central MCS escalation.
Political apologies and their acceptance: Experimental evidence from victims and perpetrators nations
Authors: David Roman , Tam Pui Chuen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolitical apologies have been argued to contribute to reconciliation among groups and nations but their efficacy has also been questioned. This paper examines the acceptance of political apologies, their content and the protagonists in the victim nation, the perpetrator nation and their subgroups. Guided by studies on the structure of apologies, it distinguishes 10 features of apologies, seven of which concern their content and three of their protagonists. Following the analysis of apology statements by Japan to South Korea, the paper further breaks these features (factors) down into 32 elements (levels). The acceptance of around 70,000 possible apology combinations is examined in a randomized conjoint experiment, which was embedded in online quota‐based surveys in Japan (n = 2700) and South Korea (n = 3000). The analysis reveals that the content of apologies matters, protagonists matter more than content and some subgroups matter more than protagonists. The subgroup analysis showed that some within‐country differences are larger than cross‐country differences, which challenges the SIT. Apology statements that would be acceptable in both nations are summarised.
FNA cytology of columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report with review of literature
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Khanna Nisha , Tewari Prerna , Bharti Shreekant , Bhadani Punam Prasad 
Published: August 2023

Cytological features such as papillary configuration, pseudostratification, and large rosette‐like clusters without any nuclear features of PTC hint at the CCVPTC diagnosis.The presence of papillary configuration, pseudostratification, and large rosette‐like clusters without any nuclear features of PTC hint at CCVPTC.
Metaanalyse zu präventiven und therapeutischen Effekten probiotischer Supplementierung bei Kindern mit atopischer Dermatitis
Authors: Husein‐ElAhmed Husein , Steinhoff Martin 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungTrotz zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen gibt es zur Wirkung von Probiotika auf die Inzidenz und Schwere der atopischen Dermatitis (AD) widersprüchliche Ergebnisse. Wir untersuchten, ob die Supplementierung mit Probiotika diese Parameter verringern. Dazu wurden drei Datenbanken systematisch durchsucht. In der Probiotika‐Gruppe war die AD‐Inzidenz um 22% geringer. Bei Verabreichung der Probiotika an schwangere und stillende Mütter betrug die Verringerung der Inzidenz 49% und bei Verabreichung an schwangere Mütter und Kinder 27%. Bei Verabreichung an schwangere und stillende Mütter sowie Kinder wurde eine 39%ige Verringerung der AD‐Inzidenz erreicht. Es wurden signifikante Unterschiede beim SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) zugunsten der Probiotika beobachtet, die IDLQI blieb jedoch unverändert. Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus war der am häufigsten dokumentierte Stamm, erwies sich jedoch bezüglich der Verringerung des SCORAD als unwirksam. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte sich bei L. paracasei und L. sakei eine signifikante Verringerung des SCORAD. Während Probiotika bei der Prävention einer AD effektiv sind, ist die Wirkung bei der Behandlung einer AD weniger eindeutig, insbesondere bei Kindern <1 Jahr. Die Einnahme von Probiotika durch stillende Mütter ist eine wichtige Maßnahme und kann eine neue prophylaktische Strategie darstellen. Der präventive Effekt von Probiotika bei AD ist nicht mit dem familiären Hintergrund oder dem AD‐Risiko assoziiert. Bei L. paracasei und L. sakei zeigte sich die größte Verringerung des SCORAD.
Phototherapie in Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Kurz Bernadett , Berneburg Mark , Bäumler Wolfgang , Karrer Sigrid 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Therapie oder Kombinationstherapie mit UV‐A‐ oder UV‐B‐Strahlen ist trotz der Entwicklung hochwirksamer Biologika bei Hauterkrankungen wie Psoriasis oder atopischer Dermatitis nach wie vor unverzichtbarer Bestandteil verschiedener Leitlinienempfehlungen. Die Phototherapie ist nicht nur eine sehr effektive Erstlinientherapie bei verschiedenen Hauterkrankungen, sondern auch kostengünstig und nebenwirkungsarm. Der gezielte Einsatz von UV‐A und UV‐B, gegebenenfalls auch in Kombination mit dem Photosensibilisator Psoralen im Rahmen einer PUVA‐Therapie, ermöglicht dem Dermatologen eine effektive Behandlung verschiedener Hautkrankheiten. Indikationen für die Phototherapie sind epidermale Erkrankungen wie die atopische Dermatitis, die Psoriasis und die Vitiligo, ferner Photodermatosen, die Mycosis fungoides, die Graft‐versus‐Host‐Erkrankung sowie tiefe dermale Erkrankungen wie die Sklerodermie. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die physikalischen Grundlagen, die molekularen Mechanismen, die derzeitigen Behandlungsmethoden und die einzelnen Indikationen für die Phototherapie und die Photochemotherapie.
Multiple motor disorders in cerebral palsy
Authors: Dar Hayim , Stewart Kirsty , McIntyre Sarah , Paget Simon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo characterize motor disorders in children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study of 582 children and young people with CP (mean age 9 years 7 months; range 11 months–19 years 9 months; standard deviation 4 years 11 months; 340 males) attending a rehabilitation clinic at a specialized children's hospital (May 2018–March 2020). Data on motor disorders, topography, functional classifications, and non‐motor features, such as epilepsy, intellectual disability, and sensory impairments, were collected using the Australian Cerebral Palsy Register CP Description Form.ResultsFifty‐five per cent (n = 321) of children and young people with CP presented with multiple motor disorders, often affecting the same limb(s). The most common motor disorders were spasticity and dystonia (50%), spasticity only (36%), and dystonia only (6%), but 18 different combinations were identified, including choreoathetosis, ataxia, and generalized hypotonia with increased reflexes. Children with spasticity only had less severe functional deficits (p < 0.001) and lower rates of associated intellectual disability (p < 0.01) and epilepsy (p < 0.001) than those with both spasticity and dystonia.InterpretationMultiple motor disorders in children and young people with CP are common and associated with more severe functional impairment. Accurate assessment of motor disorders is essential to guide prognosis and ensure personalized evidence‐based interventions.What this paper adds

More than half of children and young people with cerebral palsy presented with multiple motor disorders.
Dystonia was identified in 60% of study participants.
Dystonia was associated with more severe functional impairments and rates of non‐motor features.
Male exposure to guava volatiles affects female remating behavior in Anastrepha fraterculus
Authors: Díaz Viviana , Moyano Andrea , Giudice Antonella , Coll‐Araoz María Victoria , Pérez‐Staples Diana , Abraham Solana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlant‐derived volatiles can have positive or negative effects on insects. Exposure to volatiles of guava (Psidium guajava L.) (Myrtaceae) enhances male mating success in the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), an important pest of various fruits. These volatiles can therefore be used as a post‐teneral, pre‐release supplement in sterile insect technique (SIT) programs. In SIT, mass‐reared sterile males compete for and mate with wild females, in order to reduce populations of insect pests. However, the success of SIT will be diminished if males are not able to inhibit females from remating with other (potentially wild) males. Here, we investigated the remating propensity of A. fraterculus females mated with males exposed to guava volatiles or non‐exposed (control) in choice and no‐choice tests. In addition, we tested whether exposure to guava volatiles affected male reproductive organ size (testes, accessory glands, and seminal vesicles) and cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile. Females mated with guava‐exposed males were more likely to remate than females mated with control males, but there was no difference in the length of the refractory period (i.e., the time between the first and second mating event). Reproductive organ size did not differ between exposed and non‐exposed males, but exposed males had a higher quantity of waxes than non‐exposed males, and CHC profiles differed. The results are discussed in the context of SIT programs for the control of this insect pest.
Outcome of carfilzomib/pomalidomide‐based regimens after daratumumab‐based treatment in relapsed multiple myeloma: A Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database analysis
Authors: LeBlanc Richard , Mian Hira , Reece Donna , Su Jiandong , Masih‐Khan Esther , Chu Michael , Jimenez‐Zepeda Victor , Sebag Michael , Song Kevin , Louzada Martha , Kotb Rami , Visram Alissa , White Darrell , Stakiw Julie , Reiman Antony , Aslam Muhammad , Bergstrom Debra , Kaedbey Rayan , Gul Engin , Venner Christopher 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlthough daratumumab‐containing regimens improve multiple myeloma (MM) outcomes, recurrence is inevitable.Methods and ObjectiveWe performed a retrospective study using the Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database to benchmark the efficacy of carfilzomib‐ or pomalidomide‐based therapies immediately following progression on daratumumab treatment.ResultsWe identified 178 such patients; median number of prior lines of therapy was 3, 97% triple‐class exposed, and 60% triple‐class refractory. In our cohort, 75 received a subsequent carfilzomib‐based therapy, 79 received a pomalidomide‐based therapy, and 24 received a treatment with both immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and proteasome inhibitor (PI) using carfilzomib and/or pomalidomide. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort were 4.5 and 14.2 months, respectively. Carfilzomib‐based therapy yielded a median PFS and OS of 4.5 and 10.2 months, respectively, compared to 5.2 and 21.7 months for pomalidomide‐based therapy. Patients who received both IMiD and PI with carfilzomib and/or pomalidomide had a median PFS and OS of 4.1 and 14.5 months, respectively.ConclusionOur observations demonstrate the poor outcome of MM patients when standard regimens based on carfilzomib and/or pomalidomide are utilized directly after daratumumab‐based therapy given in the relapsed setting. Novel therapies, including immune therapies, are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of these daratumumab‐exposed patients.
Topical application of TOPK inhibitor OTS514 suppresses psoriatic progression by inducing keratinocytes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Zeng Fanfan , Lu Hui , Wu Mengjun , Dai Chan , Li Jianyu , Wang Jinbiao , Hu Guoyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractT‐LAK cell‐oriented protein kinase (TOPK) potently promotes malignant proliferation of tumour cells and is considered as a maker of tumour progression. Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes. However, the role of TOPK in psoriasis has not been well elucidated. This study aims to investigate the expression and role of TOPK in psoriasis, and the role of TOPK inhibitor in psoriasis attenuation. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets derived from psoriasis patients and psoriatic model mice were screened for analysis. Skin specimens from psoriasis patients were collected for TOPK immunohistochemical staining to investigate the expression and localization of TOPK. Next, psoriatic mice model was established to further confirm TOPK expression pattern. Then, TOPK inhibitor was applied to investigate the role of TOPK in psoriasis progression. Finally, cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay and cell cycle analysis were performed to investigate the potential mechanism involved. Our study showed that TOPK was upregulated in the lesions of both psoriasis patients and psoriatic model mice, and TOPK levels were positively associated with psoriasis progression. TOPK was upregulated in psoriatic lesions and expressed predominantly by epidermal keratinocytes. In addition, TOPK levels in epidermal keratinocytes were positively correlated with epidermal hyperplasia. Furthermore, topical application of TOPK inhibitor OTS514 obviously alleviated disease severity and epidermal hyperplasia. Mechanismly, inhibiting TOPK induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of keratinocytes, thereby attenuating epidermal hyperplasia and disease progression. Collectively, this study identifies that upregulation of TOPK in keratinocytes promotes psoriatic progression, and inhibiting TOPK attenuates epidermal hyperplasia and psoriatic progression.
Data and domain knowledge dual‐driven artificial intelligence: Survey, applications, and challenges
Authors: Nie Jing , Jiang Jiachen , Li Yang , Wang Huting , Ercisli Sezai , Lv Linze 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAt present, the mainstream mode of machine learning algorithms is the data‐driven method, which mainly relies on the self‐learning ability of deep neural networks and continuously evolving models in data‐driven training. However, the pure data‐driven method has some critical problems, such as high data collection cost, poor interpretability and easy to be be disturbed by noise. Although the knowledge‐driven method has high stability, it lacks self‐learning and evolution ability in the face of comprehensive and complex problems. In recent years, the convergence of data and domain knowledge has combined the advantages of both learning paradigms. One typical way is to embed domain knowledge into the data‐driven model to improve the interpretability of the model, and then use the self‐learning ability of the data‐driven model to explore knowledge, and continuously iterate the domain knowledge to form a closed loop. The data‐knowledge dual‐driven methods have brought transformative innovations in machine learning. This review first introduced the advantages and necessity of the data‐knowledge dual‐driven model in the field of artificial intelligence. Then, the applications of the data‐knowledge dual‐driven model in the smart marine field were introduced. Finally, the challenges and trends of the data‐knowledge dual‐driven artificial intelligence are anticipated.