bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Object tracking in surveillance video based on Siamese network considering geographical spatiotemporal constraints
Authors: Li Guannan , Lin Shengsheng , Lu Xiu , Zhou Liangchen , Lin Bingxian , Lv Guonian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIdentifying and tracking objects in surveillance videos is an important means of mining information during surveillance. Currently, most object‐tracking methods rely only on image features, which cannot accurately express the motion of the tracked object in real geographical scenes and are easily influenced by occlusion and surrounding objects having similar features. However, tracked objects, such as pedestrians and vehicles, usually move in geographical space with fixed patterns of motion, and the motion in a short time is constrained by geographical space and time, the motion trajectory is predictable, and the range of motion is limited. Therefore, based on the SiamFC object tracking framework, this study introduces geographical spatiotemporal constraints into the tracking framework and proposes the GeoSiamFC method. The objective of this is to: (1) construct the mapping relationship between geographical space and image space to solve the problem that the pixel movement within the image after perspective imaging cannot accurately express the motion of the tracked object in a real geographical scene; (2) add candidate search areas according to the predicted trajectory location to correct the tracking errors caused by the occlusion of the object; and (3) focus on the search for the range of motion of the mapped pixel within the image space according to the limited geographical range of motion of the tracked objects in a certain time to reduce the interference of similar objects within the search area. In this study, separate experiments were conducted on a common test dataset using multiple methods to deal with challenges such as occlusion and illumination changes. In addition, a robust test dataset with noise addition and luminance adjustment based on the common test dataset was used. The results show that GeoSiamFC outperforms other object‐tracking methods in the common test dataset with a precision score of 0.995 and a success score of 0.756 compared with most other object‐tracking algorithms under the base condition of using only shallow networks. Moreover, GeoSiamFC maintained the highest precision score (0.970) and high success score (0.734) in the more challenging robust test dataset as well. The tracking speed of 59 frames per second far exceeds the real‐time requirement of 25 FPS. Geographical spatiotemporal constraints were considered to improve tracker performance while providing real‐time feedback on the motion trajectory of the target in geographical space. Thus, the proposed method is suitable for real‐time tracking of the motion trajectory of a target in real geographical scenes in various surveillance videos.
Leukoreduction as a control measure in transfusion transmission of visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Pereira Loren Queli , Tanaka Sarah Cristina Sato Vaz , Ferreira‐Silva Márcia Maria , Gomes Francisca Vânia Barreto Aguiar Ferreira , Santana Melissa Palis , Aguiar Paulo Roberto , de Araújo Pereira Gilberto , Gómez‐Hernández César , Junior Virmondes Rodrigues , De Vito Fernanda Bernadelli , Moraes‐Souza Helio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAsymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) infection is a risk for transfusion safety. Leukoreduction has been an alternative for the prevention of some blood‐borne diseases, including VL. This study aimed to evaluate the role of leukoreduction of cellular blood components as a control measure for transfusional VL transmission.Research Design and MethodsA total of 161 polytransfused patients with non‐leukoreduced blood components (HNL), 95 polytransfused with leukoreduced blood components (LH), and 202 non‐transfused (NT) from endemic regions for VL and with a similar epidemiological profile. The detection of antibodies against VL was performed by ELISA and the presence of the parasite was investigated by real‐time PCR. Statistical significance was defined as p < .05.ResultsWhen comparing three groups, ELISA results were statistically significant (p = .0065). The residual analysis of ELISA showed statistically significant for the HNL group compared to the general group (p = .002; OR: 5.6; CI: 1.7–25.8), demonstrating that individuals who received non‐leukoreduced transfusions are five times more likely to acquire Leishmania infantum infection than the general.DiscussionHigher prevalence in the group with HNL and low prevalence in those who received LH, similar to NT patients, highlight the risk of transfusional VL transmission and reinforce the role of leukoreduction in its prevention.
Non‐invasive estimation of muscle fibre size from high‐density electromyography
Authors: Casolo Andrea , Maeo Sumiaki , Balshaw Thomas G. , Lanza Marcel B. , Martin Neil R. W. , Nuccio Stefano , Moro Tatiana , Paoli Antonio , Felici Francesco , Maffulli Nicola , Eskofier Bjoern , Kinfe Thomas M. , Folland Jonathan P. , Farina Dario , Vecchio Alessandro Del 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBecause of the biophysical relation between muscle fibre diameter and the propagation velocity of action potentials along the muscle fibres, motor unit conduction velocity could be a non‐invasive index of muscle fibre size in humans. However, the relation between motor unit conduction velocity and fibre size has been only assessed indirectly in animal models and in human patients with invasive intramuscular EMG recordings, or it has been mathematically derived from computer simulations. By combining advanced non‐invasive techniques to record motor unit activity in vivo, i.e. high‐density surface EMG, with the gold standard technique for muscle tissue sampling, i.e. muscle biopsy, here we investigated the relation between the conduction velocity of populations of motor units identified from the biceps brachii muscle, and muscle fibre diameter. We demonstrate the possibility of predicting muscle fibre diameter (R2 = 0.66) and cross‐sectional area (R2 = 0.65) from conduction velocity estimates with low systematic bias (∼2% and ∼4% respectively) and a relatively low margin of individual error (∼8% and ∼16%, respectively). The proposed neuromuscular interface opens new perspectives in the use of high‐density EMG as a non‐invasive tool to estimate muscle fibre size without the need of surgical biopsy sampling. The non‐invasive nature of high‐density surface EMG for the assessment of muscle fibre size may be useful in studies monitoring child development, ageing, space and exercise physiology, although the applicability and validity of the proposed methodology need to be more directly assessed in these specific populations by future studies.
imageKey points
Because of the biophysical relation between muscle fibre size and the propagation velocity of action potentials along the sarcolemma, motor unit conduction velocity could represent a potential non‐invasive candidate for estimating muscle fibre size in vivo.
This relation has been previously assessed in animal models and humans with invasive techniques, or it has been mathematically derived from simulations.
By combining high‐density surface EMG with muscle biopsy, here we explored the relation between the conduction velocity of populations of motor units and muscle fibre size in healthy individuals.
Our results confirmed that motor unit conduction velocity can be considered as a novel biomarker of fibre size, which can be adopted to predict muscle fibre diameter and cross‐sectional area with low systematic bias and margin of individual error.
The proposed neuromuscular interface opens new perspectives in the use of high‐density EMG as a non‐invasive tool to estimate muscle fibre size without the need of surgical biopsy sampling.
A Cohesive-Zone-Based Contact Mechanics Analysis of Delamination in Homogeneous and Layered Half-Spaces Subjected to Normal and Shear Surface Tractions
Authors: Cen Jialiang , Komvopoulos Kyriakos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA contact mechanics analysis of interfacial delamination in elastic and elastic-plastic homogeneous and layered half-spaces due to normal and shear surface tractions induced by indentation and sliding was performed using the finite element method. Surface separation at the delamination interface was controlled by a surface-based cohesive zone constitutive law. The instigation of interfacial delamination was determined by the critical separation distance of interface node pairs in mixed-mode loading based on a damage initiation criterion exemplified by a quadratic relation of the interfacial normal and shear tractions. Stiffness degradation was characterized by a linear relation of the interface cohesive strength and a scalar degradation parameter, which depended on the effective separation distances corresponding to the critical effective cohesive strength and the fully degraded stiffness, defined by a mixed-mode loading critical fracture energy criterion. Numerical solutions of the delamination profiles, the subsurface stress field, and the development of plasticity illuminated the effects of indentation depth and sliding distance on interfacial delamination in half-spaces with different elastic-plastic properties, interfacial cohesive strength, and layer thickness. Simulations yielded insight into the layer and substrate material property mismatch on interfacial delamination. A notable contribution of the present study is the establishment of a computational mechanics methodology for developing plasticity-induced cumulative damage models for multilayered structures.
Numerical Analysis of Liquid Potassium Flow and Heat Transfer in a Core for Space Nuclear Reactor Based on Entransy Dissipation Theory
Authors: Sun Qi-Qi , Zhang Hao-Chun , Sun Zi-Jian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe research on the flow and heat transfer of alkali metals is an important technical means to strengthen the heat transfer of the core. In this paper, the 15 cooling channels with different structures are established. Under Re = 2.85 × 104–2.17 × 105, several operating parameters, such as core inlet temperature (T = 350 K, 390 K, 450 K, 550 K, 850 K), fuel rod pitch ratio (P = 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0), and channel shape (triangle and square) on the heat transfer performance are numerically simulated. At the same time, this work introduces an evaluation criterion, entransy dissipation, to measure the irreversibility of the heat transfer process. The results show that the triangular channel has a stronger heat transfer capacity than the square. And the increase of the rod diameter ratio is a positive means to enhance the heat transfer. Among the studied channels, Model “I” (triangle channel, P = 2.0) has the best heat transfer performance. The above results have some guiding value to realize core heat transfer enhancement by adjusting fuel rod arrangement.
Serpin B9 controls tumor cell killing by CAR T cells
Authors: Kimman Thomas , Slomp Anne , Martens Anne , Grabherr Sarah , Li Shuang , van Diest Eline , Meeldijk Jan , Kuball Jurgen , Minnema Monique C , Eldering Eric , Bovenschen Niels , Sebestyén Zsolt , Peperzak Victor 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundInitial clinical responses with gene engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in cancer patients are highly encouraging; however, primary resistance and also relapse may prevent durable remission in a substantial part of the patients. One of the underlying causes is the resistance mechanisms in cancer cells that limit effective killing by CAR T cells. CAR T cells exert their cytotoxic function through secretion of granzymes and perforin. Inhibition of granzyme B (GrB) can underlie resistance to T cell-mediated killing, and it has been shown that serine proteinase inhibitor serpin B9 can effectively inhibit GrB. We aimed to determine whether expression of serpin B9 by cancer cells can lead to resistance toward CAR T cells.MethodsSerpin B9 gene and protein expression were examined by R2 or DepMap database mining and by western blot or flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Coculture killing experiments were performed with melanoma cell line MeWo, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell line OCI-Ly7 or primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells as target cells and natural killer cell line YT-Indy, CD20 CAR T cells or CD19 CAR T cells as effector cells and analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsSerpin B9 protein expression was previously shown to be associated with clinical outcome in melanoma patients and in line with these observations we demonstrate that enforced serpin B9 expression in melanoma cells reduces sensitivity to GrB-mediated killing. Next, we examined serpin B9 expression in a wide array of primary tumor tissues and human cell lines to find that serpin B9 is uniformly expressed in B-cell lymphomas and most prominently in DLBCL and CLL. Subsequently, using small interfering RNA, we silenced serpin B9 expression in DLBCL cells, which increased their sensitivity to CD20 CAR T cell-mediated killing. In addition, we showed that co-ulture of primary CLL cells with CD20 CAR T cells results in selection of serpin B9-high CLL cells, suggesting these cells resist CAR T-cell killing.ConclusionsOverall, the data indicate that serpin B9 is a resistance mediator for CAR T cell-mediated tumor cell killing that should be inhibited or bypassed to improve CAR T-cell responses.
Coronary artery restenosis and target lesion revascularisation in women by pregnancy history
Authors: Pehrson Moa , Edsfeldt Andreas , Sarno Giovanna , Fraser Abigail , Rich-Edwards Janet W. , Goncalves Isabel , Pihlsgård Mats , Timpka Simon 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundWomen’s pregnancy history is associated with incident risk of coronary artery disease with some evidence also suggesting a relevance for prognosis following treatment.ObjectivesTo study the associations between maternal history of preterm delivery, a history of small for gestational age infant, parity and age at first delivery with clinical restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we included 6027 women<65 years undergoing their first PCI 2006–2017, merging clinical register data on PCI procedures in Sweden with comprehensive registry data on deliveries since 1973. We used proportional hazards regression to study the association between aspects of pregnancy history and clinical restenosis in per-segment analyses, and with target lesion revascularisation (TLR) in per-patient analyses. We adjusted models for procedural-related and patient-related predictors of restenosis.ResultsDuring 15 981 segment-years of follow-up, 343 (3.7%) events of clinical restenosis occurred. We found no strong evidence of associations between the studied aspects of pregnancy history and clinical restenosis following PCI. For example, the restenosis HR for a history of preterm delivery in the fully adjusted model was 1.09 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.55) and the TLR HR was 1.18 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.52).ConclusionRisk of restenosis following treatment with PCI did not differ by the studied aspects of pregnancy history, including preterm delivery, in young and middle-aged women. Larger studies are needed to obtain more precise estimates.
General radially moving references frames in the black hole background
Authors: Toporensky A. V. , Zaslavskii O. B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider general radially moving frames realized in the background of nonextremal black holes having causal structure similar to that of the Schwarzschild metric. In doing so, we generalize the Lemaître approach, constructing free-falling frames which are built from the reference particles with an arbitrary specific energy $$e_{0}$$

e
0

including $$e_{0}<0$$

e
0

<
0

and a special case $$e_{0}=0$$

e
0

=
0

. The general formula of 3-velocity of a freely falling particle with the specific energy e with respect to a frame with $$ e_{0}$$

e
0

is presented. We point out the relation between the properties of considered frames near a horizon and the Banados–Silk–West effect of an indefinite growth of energy of particle collisions. Using our radially moving frames, we consider also nonradial motion of test particles including the regions near the horizon and singularity. We also point out the properties of the Lemaître time at horizons depending on the frame and sign of particle energy.
A GRU-CNN Algorithm Leveraging on User Reviews
Authors: Chen Chao , Xia Yongsheng , Wu Zhaoli , Liu Yandong , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2023

Personalized recommendation systems learn user preference characteristics by analyzing behavioral data such as ratings and comments generated by users in the Internet, and provide precise recommendations for individual users accordingly. However, in real life, users often conduct group activities like group buying and traveling together. How to recommend for groups has become a heated research topic in recent years. Most existing group recommendation algorithms are recommended for given divided groups by collectively combining the preferences of members in the group. However, in most cases, users’ group properties are fickle. As the results of group detection are decisive to the performance of group recommendation, group detection is particularly important to the group recommendation algorithm. After analyzing problems of existing group recommendation algorithms, this paper proposes the density peak clustering group detection algorithm based on GRU-CNN and the group recommendation algorithm based on the mechanism. With respect to group detection, most of the existing group detection algorithms suffer from certain deficiencies: First, depending solely on the users’ static preference features while ignoring the variation of users’ interest over time when finding the group structure in the network; second, group division based on users’ topic features extracted from reviews is difficult to support further digging of the in-depth features in reviews. To address the above-mentioned problems, this paper proposes a density peak clustering group detection algorithm based on CNN-GRU. It would first extract representative keywords in the reviews with LDA topic model, and then model time series information based on GRU attaining users’ dynamic topic features. Coupling with deeper characteristics cored out by CNN, density peak clustering algorithm completes its group detection finally. Experiments on real dataset indicate that the features mined by the fusion depth neural network model effectively capture users’ dynamic preferences, and yield better results of group detection than that of existing algorithms.
Reconfigurable graphene-based multi-input multi-output antenna design for THz applications
Authors: Abd Reem Hikmat , Abdulnabi Hussein A. 
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a compact graphene-based multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna for wireless communications operating in frequency band (0.1-10) THz. This work has been performed with four ports microstrip antennas based on 37×88 μm² a silicon dioxide (Sio₂) substrate and copper on the ground layer, with high isolation by a series of unit cells of graphene selected between adjacent patches to reduce the transmission coefficient and antenna size. Graphene's chemical potential will change by changing the connected DC voltage, leading to bandwidth and resonant frequency variation. The simulation has a reflection coefficient is less than -10 dB at (4.5-10) THz of the frequency scale, mutual coupling (-15 dB), and the gain from (4.7-9) THz is (1.6-6.7254) dB. This paper aims to provide wideband, efficient and reconfigurable with simple graphene-based MIMO antenna for THz applications.
Design and Development of an Automated Multi Axis Solar Tracker Using PLC
Authors: Venkata Santhosh Krishna , Rajshekar J S 
Published: March 2023

Design of a two dimensional automated solar tracking system is discussed in this paper. The objectives of the proposed work are to design an automated tracking technique using Light Dependent Resistance (LDR), and solar panel power output to position the solar panel to absorb maximum energy. For positioning the solar panel two stepper motors are used, each for positioning in a plane. These stepper motors were driven by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The controller is designed using wonderware software considering the inputs from LDR Sensor and solar panel output to drive the stepper motor connected to solar panels. Then the whole program is implemented with the help of PLC. The system was tested on a real time and results showed the proposed technique had improved the efficiency of solar panel by an amount of 25%.
Duration of Heightened Risk of Acute Ischemic Stroke After Hospitalization for Acute Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Burke Devin J. , Baig Tehniyat , Goyal Parag , Kamel Hooman , Sharma Richa , Parikh Neal S. , McCullough Stephen A. , Zhang Cenai , Merkler Alexander E. 
Published: March 2023

Background
The duration and magnitude of increased stroke risk after a hospitalization for acute systolic heart failure (HF) remains uncertain.

Methods and Results
The authors performed a retrospective cohort study using claims (2008–2018) from a nationally representative 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥66 years. Cox regression models were fitted separately for the groups with and without acute systolic HF to examine its association with the incidence of ischemic stroke after adjustment for demographics, stroke risk factors, and Charlson comorbidities. Corresponding survival probabilities were used to compute the hazard ratio (HR) in each 30‐day interval after discharge. The authors stratified patients by the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) before or during the hospitalization for acute systolic HF. Among 2 077 501 eligible beneficiaries, 94 641 were hospitalized with acute systolic HF. After adjusting for demographics, stroke risk factors, and Charlson comorbidities, the risk of ischemic stroke was highest in the first 30 days after discharge from an acute systolic HF hospitalization for patients with AF (HR, 2.4 [95% CI, 2.1–2.7]) and without AF (HR, 4.6 [95% CI, 4.0–5.3]). The risk of stroke remained elevated for 60 days in patients with AF (HR, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.2–1.6]) and was not significantly elevated afterward. The risk of stroke remained significantly elevated through 330 days in patients without AF (HR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.7–2.7]) and was no longer significantly elevated afterward.

Conclusions
A hospitalization for acute systolic HF is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke up to 330 days in patients without concomitant AF.