bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Schlieren System for In Situ Observation of Dynamic Light–Resin Interactions in Projection-Based Stereolithography Process
Authors: Chivate Aditya , Zhou Chi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Digital maskless lithography is gaining popularity due to its unique ability to quickly fabricate high-resolution parts without the use of physical masks. By implementing controlled grayscaling and exposure control, it has the potential to replace conventional lithography altogether. However, despite the existence of a theoretical foundation for photopolymerization, observing the voxel growth process in situ is a significant challenge. This difficulty can be attributed to several factors, including the microscopic size of the parts, the low refractive index difference between cured and uncured resin, and the rapid rate of photopolymerization once it crosses a certain threshold. As such, there is a pressing need for a system that can address these issues. To tackle these challenges, the paper proposes a modified Schlieren-based observation system that utilizes confocal magnifying optics to create a virtual screen at the camera's focal plane. This system allows for the visualization of the minute changes in refractive indices made visible by the use of Schlieren optics, specifically the deflection of light by the changing density-induced refractive index gradient. The use of focusing optics provides the system with the flexibility needed to position the virtual screen and implement optical magnification. The researchers employed single-shot binary images with different pixel numbers to fabricate voxels and examine the various factors affecting voxel shape, including chemical composition and energy input. The observed results were then compared against simulations based on Beer–Lambert's law, photopolymerization curve, and Gaussian beam propagation theory. The physical experimental results validated the effectiveness of the proposed observation system. The paper also briefly discusses the application of this system in fabricating microlenses and its advantages over theoretical model-based profile predictions.
Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging findings following flow diversion in patients with complex middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms: a single-center analysis regarding the jailed cortical branches
Authors: Korkmazer Bora , Karaman Ahmet Kursat , Ustundag Ahmet , Arslan Serdar , Kızılkılıç Osman , Koçer Naci , Islak Civan 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundFlow diverter (FD) devices provide a safe and effective treatment option especially for wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. One of the main concerns in patients treated with FD devices is patency of arterial branches jailed by the stent. However, there are no long-term data from magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) studies regarding jailed branches. In this study we aimed to reveal the MRP findings in patients with jailed middle cerebral artery (MCA) cortical branches during long-term follow-up after flow diversion.MethodsPatients who underwent FD stent treatment for MCA aneurysms with a resulting jailed cortical branch were included. Follow-up clinical, angiographic, and MRP examination findings were recorded. Different MRP parameters were measured in the MCA territory regarding the jailed branches.ResultsEighteen patients treated endovascularly with flow diversion for a total of 20 MCA aneurysms were included. At angiographic follow-up (median 35 months, range 7–95 months) complete occlusion was observed in 13 (65%) aneurysms and partial occlusion was observed in 6 (30%). The mean transit time (MTT) prolongation, MTT ratio, time-to peak (TTP) prolongation, and TTP ratio were 1.34, 1.20, 1.18, and 1.06 s, respectively, when compared with the contralateral side in the MCA territory. MTT, TTP, and cerebral blood volume values of the patients showed statistically significant differences compared with the contralateral side (P<0.05).ConclusionsFlow diversion treatment of complex bifurcation aneurysms can be effective and safe. MRP examination may reveal perfusion changes in the territory vascularized via a jailed branch, and these changes are rarely accompanied by clinical findings.
1 Transfer of military surgical simulation developments to the civilian sphere
Authors: Cohen HML , Swain CS , Stannard A , Faulconer ER , Parker P , Hand CJ , Pallister I 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionDefence Medical Services has a history of sharing clinical practice and innovation with the civilian sector. Changes to surgical training has meant acquiring and maintaining trauma surgical skills is becoming more difficult. Anatomically correct, bleeding junctional vascular trauma task trainers have been developed for the Military Operational Specialist Team Training (MOSTT) course. We investigated the benefit of these models on a civilian trauma course attended by non-vascular surgeons. The Mass Casualty Damage Control Surgery Ortho Trauma Surgery (DCS) Course is taught by a combined civilian and military faculty.MethodGroin, pelvic and shoulder haemorrhage surgical task trainers with pulsatile blood flow were used in the course to simulate junctional haemorrhage requiring surgical intervention.Participants completed modified pre and post course questionnaires to record changes in their self-reported confidence.ResultsTen participants completed simulation scenarios using the models and provided feedback. Approach to femoral artery, subclavian artery, gaining proximal and distal arterial control and temporary arterial shunting all had statistically significant improvements in participant confidence (p<0.0047, p<0.0017, p<0.0012 and p<0.0009).ConclusionThese findings mirror the experience on the MOSTT course where 63% of participants indicated that their confidence had improved. These results demonstrate the value for high fidelity surgical simulation in civilian practice to help maintain currency in less frequently encountered injury patterns. The training includes the whole team in high fidelity DCS simulation without the need for live tissue or cadaveric material and shows that surgical mannequins developed for the military environment have utility on civilian trauma courses. Research by the authors about the effects of this model on surgical ability and performance is ongoing.
G-CSF Is a Novel Mediator of T-Cell Suppression and an Immunotherapeutic Target for Women with Colon Cancer
Authors: Ray Anita L. , Saunders Apryl S. , Nofchissey Robert A. , Reidy Megan A. , Kamal Maria , Lerner Megan R. , Fung Kar-Ming , Lang Mark L. , Hanson Joshua A. , Guo Shaoxuan , Urdaneta-Perez Maria G. , Lewis Samara E. , Cloyde Michael , Morris Katherine T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
G-CSF enhances colon cancer development. This study defines the prevalence and effects of increased G-CSF signaling in human colon cancers and investigates G-CSF inhibition as an immunotherapeutic strategy against metastatic colon cancer.

Experimental Design:
Patient samples were used to evaluate G-CSF and G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) levels by IHC with sera used to measure G-CSF levels. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to assess the rate of G-CSFR+ T cells and IFNγ responses to chronic ex vivo G-CSF. An immunocompetent mouse model of peritoneal metastasis (MC38 cells in C57Bl/6J) was used to determine the effects of G-CSF inhibition (αG-CSF) on survival and the tumor microenvironment (TME) with flow and mass cytometry.

Results:
In human colon cancer samples, the levels of G-CSF and G-CSFR are higher compared to normal colon tissues from the same patient. High patient serum G-CSF is associated with increases in markers of poor prognosis, (e.g., VEGF, IL6). Circulating T cells from patients express G-CSFR at double the rate of T cells from controls. Prolonged G-CSF exposure decreases T cell IFNγ production. Treatment with αG-CSF shifts both the adaptive and innate compartments of the TME and increases survival (HR, 0.46; P = 0.0237) and tumor T-cell infiltration, activity, and IFNγ response with greater effects in female mice. There is a negative correlation between serum G-CSF levels and tumor-infiltrating T cells in patient samples from women.

Conclusions:
These findings support G-CSF as an immunotherapeutic target against colon cancer with greater potential benefit in women.
TWELVE MYTHS ABOUT COVID-19
Authors: Krekhovska-Lepiavko O. M. , Lokay B. A. , Volkov R. K. 
Published: March 2023

According to the resent investigations, many countries are still at high transmission levels with thousands of new COVID cases every day. Thankfully, a lot of people all over the world are vaccinated and have a much lower chance of developing severe disease or needing hospitalization. The unfortunate news is that there are clusters of people who are not vaccinated, and many of those individuals are ending up hospitalized—or worse. Misinformation continues to spread online and in communities, and medical professionals are having to dispel myth after myth about COVID-19. The article provides the antidote to misinformation describing some of the more common misconceptions and providing the facts.
Transfusion of Adult, but Not Neonatal, Platelets Promotes Monocyte Trafficking in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Maurya Preeti , Ture Sara K. , Li Chen , Scheible Kristin M. , McGrath Kathleen E. , Palis James , Morrell Craig N. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Thrombocytopenia is common in preterm neonates. Platelet transfusions are sometimes given to thrombocytopenic neonates with the hope of reducing the bleeding risk, however, there are little clinical data to support this practice, and platelet transfusions may increase the bleeding risk or lead to adverse complications. Our group previously reported that fetal platelets expressed lower levels of immune-related mRNA compared with adult platelets. In this study, we focused on the effects of adult versus neonatal platelets on monocyte immune functions that may have an impact on neonatal immune function and transfusion complications.

Methods:
Using RNA sequencing of postnatal day 7 and adult platelets, we determined age-dependent platelet gene expression. Platelets and naive bone marrow–isolated monocytes were cocultured and monocyte phenotypes determined by RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. An in vivo model of platelet transfusion in neonatal thrombocytopenic mice was used in which platelet-deficient TPOR (thrombopoietin receptor) mutant mice were transfused with adult or postnatal day 7 platelets and monocyte phenotypes and trafficking were determined.

Results:

Adult and neonatal platelets had differential immune molecule expression, including
Selp
. Monocytes incubated with adult or neonatal mouse platelets had similar inflammatory (Ly6C
hi
) but different trafficking phenotypes, as defined by CCR2 and CCR5 mRNA and surface expression. Blocking P-sel (P-selectin) interactions with its PSGL-1 (P-sel glycoprotein ligand-1) receptor on monocytes limited the adult platelet-induced monocyte trafficking phenotype, as well as adult platelet-induced monocyte migration in vitro. Similar results were seen in vivo, when thrombocytopenic neonatal mice were transfused with adult or postnatal day 7 platelets; adult platelets increased monocyte CCR2 and CCR5, as well as monocyte chemokine migration, whereas postnatal day 7 platelets did not.

Conclusions:
These data provide comparative insights into adult and neonatal platelet transfusion–regulated monocyte functions. The transfusion of adult platelets to neonatal mice was associated with an acute inflammatory and trafficking monocyte phenotype that was platelet P-sel dependent and may have an impact on complications associated with neonatal platelet transfusions.
Endothelial HDAC1-ZEB2-NuRD Complex Drives Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection Through Regulation of Protein S-Sulfhydration
Authors: Luo Shanshan , Kong Chuiyu , Zhao Shuang , Tang Xin , Wang Yu , Zhou Xuechun , Li Rui , Liu Xingeng , Tang Xinlong , Sun Shixiu , Xie Wei , Zhang Zhi-Ren , Jing Qing , Gu Aihua , Chen Feng , Wang Dongjin , Wang Hong , Han Yi , Xie Liping , Ji Yong 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection (AAD) are life-threatening vascular diseases, with endothelium being the primary target for AAD treatment. Protein S-sulfhydration is a newly discovered posttranslational modification whose role in AAD has not yet been defined. This study aims to investigate whether protein S-sulfhydration in the endothelium regulates AAD and its underlying mechanism.

Methods:

Protein S-sulfhydration in endothelial cells (ECs) during AAD was detected and hub genes regulating homeostasis of the endothelium were identified. Clinical data of patients with AAD and healthy controls were collected, and the level of the cystathionine γ lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H
2
S) system in plasma and aortic tissue were determined. Mice with EC-specific CSE deletion or overexpression were generated, and the progression of AAD was determined. Unbiased proteomics and coimmunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry analysis were conducted to determine the upstream regulators of the CSE/H
2
S system and the findings were confirmed in transgenic mice.

Results:

Higher plasma H
2
S levels were associated with a lower risk of AAD, after adjustment for common risk factors. CSE was reduced in the endothelium of AAD mouse and aorta of patients with AAD. Protein S-sulfhydration was reduced in the endothelium during AAD and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was the main target. S-sulfhydration of PDI at Cys343 and Cys400 enhanced PDI activity and mitigated endoplasmic reticulum stress. EC-specific CSE deletion was exacerbated, and EC-specific overexpression of CSE alleviated the progression of AAD through regulating the S-sulfhydration of PDI. ZEB2 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2) recruited the HDAC1-NuRD complex (histone deacetylase 1–nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase) to repress the transcription of
CTH
, the gene encoding CSE, and inhibited PDI S-sulfhydration. EC-specific HDAC1 deletion increased PDI S-sulfhydration and alleviated AAD. Increasing PDI S-sulfhydration with the H
2
S donor GYY4137 or pharmacologically inhibiting HDAC1 activity with entinostat alleviated the progression of AAD.

Conclusions:

Decreased plasma H
2
S levels are associated with an increased risk of aortic dissection. The endothelial ZEB2-HDAC1-NuRD complex transcriptionally represses
CTH
, impairs PDI S-sulfhydration, and drives AAD. The regulation of this pathway effectively prevents AAD progression.
Emotional Perception: Divergence of Early and Late Event-related Potential Modulation
Authors: Farkas Andrew H. , Sabatinelli Dean 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The early posterior negativity (EPN) is a mid-latency ERP component that is reliably enhanced by emotional cues, with a deflection beginning between 150 and 200 msec after stimulus onset. The brief, bilateral occipital EPN is followed by the centroparietal late positive potential (LPP), a long duration slow-wave that is strongly associated with emotional arousal ratings of scenes. A recent study suggests that the EPN is particularly sensitive to human bodies in scenes, independent of emotional intensity. Here, we directly investigate the influence of human body features on EPN modulation, using emotional and neutral scenes depicting people across a range of body exposures and orientations, in addition to scenes of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant animals. The results demonstrate that the EPN is quite sensitive to human body features and weakly related to arousal ratings, whereas the LPP is strongly modulated by scenes that receive high arousal ratings. Based on these results and relevant work on body-specific visual perception, we speculate that modulation of the EPN may strongly reflect the early detection of human bodies, which serves as a predictor of emotional significance, whereas LPP modulation is more closely associated with the extended elaborative processing of scenes that are explicitly judged to be emotionally arousing.
Effects of background color on pigmentation, morphological traits, and behavior in the European tree frog (Hyla arborea, Hylidae, Anura) tadpoles
Authors: Mirč Marko , Vukov Tanja , Kijanović Ana , Kolarov Nataša Tomašević 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Amphibian tadpoles are capable of avoiding threats (predators, uv radiation, etc.) through changes in coloration, behavior, and shape. In this paper, we tested how quickly European tree frog (Hyla arborea) tadpoles can change body pigmentation to achieve crypsis and whether color change is reversible. Additionally, we tested how different environmental background colorations affect the body length, shape, and ontogenetic trajectories of tadpoles. We also analyzed if tadpoles can relate to their coloration and choose the appropriate background to enhance crypsis. For this purpose, we reared tadpoles on white and black backgrounds for 36 days. Halfway through the experiment, half of the tadpoles from each treatment were placed on the alternative background. Our results suggest that H. arborea tadpoles are capable of rapidly responding to color changes in their environment, however, color-matching with the white background is poor. These quick color changes are reversible. Rearing in different background coloration and rapid color changes do not affect tadpoles’ length variation but affect tadpoles’ shape. Tadpoles introduced to the white background at the start of the experiment developed deeper tail fins and more pronounced snouts. We also found that H. arborea tadpoles actively choose an appropriate background to achieve maximum crypsis. This study represents the basis for the future analysis of adaptive coloration in tadpoles as it has a very complex function in anurans.
Reprehensible or Legitimate Aims? A Proposal for a New Approach to Article 18 echr in Light of its Predominance Test
Authors: Mortier Tobias 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR, Court) finds a violation of Article 18 of the European Convention on Human Rights (echr) if the respondent authorities simultaneously pursued both a legitimate and hidden aim (plurality of aims), provided that the latter was the predominant one. The Court establishes this predominance by considering the ‘nature and degree of reprehensibility’ of the hidden aim. I argue that this reprehensibility criterion has not been applied in a consistent manner, resulting in unpredictability as to the true meaning behind it. The Court either interprets this as an assessment of contextual factors or as an impact assessment, and sometimes even applies it in the absence of a plurality of aims. This article points out the flaws in these different interpretations and formulates recommendations in order to determine where these interpretations would be most aptly applied under Article 18; the former under the predominance test, the latter as a new threshold criterion.
Մեսրոպ Մաշտոցի անվան Մատենադարանի 2021 թվականի հրատարակությունները
Authors: Համբարձումյան Հայկ 
Published: March 2023

Ամփոփում
Շարունակելով միջնադարագիտական ու հայագիտության տարբեր ոլորտների գրքերի հրատարակությունը, Մատենադարանը 2021 թ. հրատարակել է 16 նոր գիրք, որոնք ներկայացնում են միջնադարյան պատմության, ձեռագրագիտության, բանահյուսության, քաղաքաշինության, միջազգային հարաբերությունների, տնտեսության, տիեզերագիտության, բժշկագիտության կարևոր ու հետաքրքիր ուսումնասիրություններ: Հրատարակվել են նաև « Բանբեր Մատենադարանի » հանդեսի երկու նոր համարներ, որտեղ նույնպես կարելի է ընթերցել թվարկյալ ոլորտներին առնչվող ուշագրավ ուսումնասիրություններ: Գրքերի ու ամսագրերի թվային տարբերակները կարելի է ընթերցել www.matenadaran.am կայքի « Թվային գրադարան » բաժնում:
Dynamical Drivers of the Exceptional Warmth over Siberia during the Spring of 2020
Authors: DeAngelis Anthony M. , Schubert Siegfried D. , Chang Yehui , Lim Young-Kwon , Koster Randal D. , Wang Hailan , Marquardt Collow Allison B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Much of Siberia experienced exceptional warmth during the spring of 2020, which followed an unusually warm winter over the same region. Here, we investigate the drivers of the spring warmth from the perspective of atmospheric dynamics and remote influences, focusing on monthly-time-scale features of the event. We find that the warm anomalies were associated with separate quasi-stationary Rossby wave trains emanating from the North Atlantic in April and May. The wave trains are shown to be extreme manifestations of the dominant modes of spring subseasonal meridional wind variability over the Northern Hemisphere. Using a large ensemble of simulations from NASA’s GEOS atmospheric model, in which the model is constrained to remain close to observations over selected regions, we further elucidate the remote drivers of the unusual spring temperatures in Siberia. In both April and May, the wave trains were likely forced from an upstream region including eastern North America and the western North Atlantic. Analysis with a stationary wave model shows that transient vorticity flux forcing over and downwind of the North Atlantic, which is strongly related to storm activity caused by internal variability, is key to generating the wave trains, suggesting limited subseasonal predictability of the Rossby waves and hence the exceptional Siberian warmth. Our observational and model analyses also suggest that anomalous tropical atmospheric heating contributed to the unusual warmth in Siberia through a teleconnection involving upper-troposphere dynamics and the mean meridional circulation. This tropical–extratropical teleconnection offers a possible physical mechanism by which anthropogenic climate change influenced the extreme Siberian warmth.
Administration of a new nano delivery system coated with Tirofiban to prevent early thrombosis of vein graft
Authors: Gao Mingxin , Ding Xiaohang , Lian Xiaodong , Yu Wenyuan , Dong Shuo , Wang Bolin , Wang Yapei , Yu Yang 
Published: March 2023

Objective To verify the administration of a new nano delivery system coated with Tirofiban on preventing early thrombosis in vein graft. Methods Forty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into five groups with eight rabbits in each group. The rabbits of all groups underwent jugular vein transplantation, except group I with only neck opening and closing operation. Vein grafts of group II were preprocessed by intravenous injection of normal saline; group III were preprocessed by tirofiban alone; group IV were preprocessed by unloaded nanoparticles of PLGA-PEG; group V were preprocessed by PLGA-PEG coated with tirofiban. Coagulation and platelet function of peripheral and vein graft blood were detected at 1, 2, 4, 12 h and 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 days after operation. Patency rate of vein graft and blood flow index were measured by vascular ultrasound at third, seventh, 10th, and 14th days after operation; two rabbits in each group were randomly sacrificed at the corresponding time of detection. Pathological differences of vein grafts were observed by HE stainin. Results The patency rate of vein grafts in group V was significantly higher than that in group II to IV. The platelet and platelet aggregation rate in group V were inhibited in vein graft blood significantly. The post-operative PT and APTT in vein graft blood in group V were increased obviously while the FBG, D-dimer and FDP were significantly inhibited. Except group I, the lumen loss rate of vein grafts in group V was significantly lower than that in other groups, and vein graft blood in group V had a significant lower expression of platelet P-selectin and GP IIb/IIIa receptor than that in other groups. Conclusion This study proves that PEG-PLGA coated with tirofiban can effectively prevent early vein graft stenosis from thrombosis by inhibition of platelet function, coagulation function.