bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOTEs and trauma: a cybernetic, extended recursion schematic for hyper vigilance
Authors: Patterson Kip Errett 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis conceptual article presents a schematic for use with extended cybernetic recursion in living systems and applies it to the issue of hyper vigilance as a demonstration of its utility.Design/methodology/approachThe test-operate-test-exit (TOTE) schematic of Miller et al. (1960) is critically evaluated along with other schematics, including those of ordered cybernetics, and a new schematic is proposed, a recursive test-operate-test (rTOT), which emphasizes teleological purpose and hierarchical structure. The background psychophysiology of trauma is reviewed and then rTOT is applied to hyper vigilance, a cardinal component of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).FindingsOnce the schematic was developed, it was applied to the behavior of hyper vigilance. Other applications are suggested.Research limitations/implicationsAs demonstrated, the rTOT schematic has potentially wide application because of its pragmatic and detailed structure.Practical implicationsThe rTOT requires careful consideration of teleological purposes for its application and is simple enough, but also complex enough, for relevant utilization. Its compact nature and adjustable hierarchy scope are good mini-max complexity solutions for cybernetic, information modeling schematics.Social implicationsThe revealed teleological purpose of the trauma adaptation of hyper vigilance presents significant alternative formulation options for prevention and intervention.Originality/valueWhile the rTOT schematic is derived from previous schematics, it is original in its emphasis on information processing, the teleological aspects of extended recursion and on the provision of a hierarchical structure for those recursions. It is considerably more compact than other schematics associated with the ordered cybernetics literature. The explication of the adaptation model for post-trauma consequences is significantly enhanced by the rTOT application.
Biodegradable artificial reefs enhance food web complexity and biodiversity in an intertidal soft‐sediment ecosystem
Authors: Nauta Janne , Christianen Marjolijn J. A. , Temmink Ralph J. M. , Fivash Gregory S. , Marin‐Diaz Beatriz , Reijers Valérie C. , Didderen Karin , Penning Emma , Borst Annieke C. W. , Heusinkveld Jannes H. T. , Zwarts Maarten , Cruijsen Peter M. J. M. , Hijner Nadia , Lengkeek Wouter , Lamers Leon P. M. , van der Heide Tjisse , Bouma Tjeerd J. , van der Wal Daphne , Olff Han , Govers Laura L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Reef‐forming species form integral aspects of coastal ecosystems, but are rapidly degrading world‐wide. To mitigate these declines, nature managers increasingly rely on the restoration of habitat‐structuring, reef‐forming species by, for example, introducing artificial reefs that may directly function as complex reef habitat. Since the use of biodegradable structures to restore biogenic reefs is becoming a popular technique, its effectiveness as reef habitat must be assessed. Therefore, we examine the trophic complexity on experimental large‐scale biodegradable artificial reefs using food web network analysis.

We placed biodegradable artificial reefs on soft‐sediment intertidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea in a large‐scale (~650 m) and 2.5‐year‐long experiment. We compared food web networks and biodiversity indicators between biodegradable reefs and bare controls and quantified species composition inside and near the artificial reef community to assess the expansion of the reef community.

During 2.5 years, we observed that artificial reefs changed food web networks compared to bare controls: in species richness (+76%), link density (the number of interactions per species; +15%) and the fraction of basal species (species of lowest trophic level; +40%), but lowered the connectance: the realized fraction of all possible links between species (−33%). Their effects on food web networks increased over time with a higher species richness (+22%) and more complex food web (link density +13%) on the artificial reef 2.5 years after deployment compared to 1.5 years. However, the effects of the reefs did not extend beyond the reef structures; the species composition and biodiversity of macrozoobenthos near the reefs were comparable to the control.

Synthesis and applications. This study shows that biodegradable artificial reefs offer an effective tool for the restoration of food web complexity and biodiversity of intertidal soft‐sediment systems. However, application needs to be carefully considered as the reef‐building species did not expand beyond our structures, despite the ambitious spatial extent of this experiment. Therefore, we recommend restoration practitioners to design artificial reefs in such a way that they generate ecosystem connectivity (facilitation of higher trophic levels) and biogeomorphological effects on a landscape scale (reef expansion beyond the structures).
Invasion by an exotic grass species homogenizes native freshwater plant communities
Authors: Bando Fabielle M. , Figueiredo Bruno R. S. , Moi Dieison A. , Thomaz Sidinei M. , Michelan Thaisa S. , García–Girón Jorge , Heino Jani , Alahuhta Janne , Romero Gustavo Q. , Mormul Roger P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

A growing body of evidence has shown that biological invasions cause shifts in species composition of communities in space and time. Although biological invasions are considered a major driver of biotic homogenisation worldwide, most previous studies were conducted at small spatial scales and over short time periods, which may have underestimated the impacts of exotic species on native communities.

Using a unique dataset of aquatic plants sampled in 235 sites over 12 years (2007–2010 and 2015–2019) in a large reservoir (Itaipu Reservoir; 1350 km2), we analysed how the invasion of a non‐native grass Urochloa arrecta affects the species richness, ecological uniqueness (i.e. local contribution to beta diversity—LCBD) and temporal β–diversity of native plant communities.

From 3934 surveyed plant communities, U. arrecta was recorded in 2888 samples and it was absent from 1046 samples. Overall, species richness and ecological uniqueness of native plant communities were markedly lower in sites invaded than non‐invaded by U. arrecta. From 2007 to 2019, the ecological uniqueness of native plants was 60% lower in the invaded than non‐invaded sites. Whereas in invaded sites species loss was the dominant process driving native communities over time, in non‐invaded sites gain of new native species was the primary process underlying community trajectories. Moreover, comparing native plant communities before and after the invasion of U. arrecta, species richness, ecological uniqueness and species gains of native plant communities decreased, whereas species losses increased after the invasion of U. arrecta. Finally, the positive relationship between native biodiversity and precipitation was stronger in non‐invaded than invaded sites.

Synthesis. Our findings provide comprehensive evidence that an invasive plant is decreasing the spatial and temporal β–diversity of native plant communities through declining species richness, rather than simply correlating with them. This suggests that U. arrecta is driving native plants to become less diverse and homogeneous after the invasion, both spatially and temporally. Our findings illustrate that at broad scales, aquatic plant communities may become increasingly homogeneous with the increasing number of biological invasion events taking place worldwide.
Environmental and genetic effects on phenotypic differences between Elaeocarpus photiniifolia (Elaeocarpaceae) ecotypes in dry and mesic habitats on a Japanese oceanic island
Authors: Sugai Kyoko , Setsuko Suzuki , Nagamitsu Teruyoshi , Murakami Noriaki , Kato Hidetoshi , Yoshimaru Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEcological speciation is a consequence of phenotypic and genetic differentiation, which is driven by divergent selection and reproductive isolation between different environments. In Elaeocarpus photiniifolia, a plant species endemic to the Bonin Islands, genetic differentiation between a shrub ecotype in dry habitats and a tree ecotype in mesic habitats occurs in the Chichijima Island Group, while gene flow between the ecotypes and migration between the habitats are feasible. To clarify environmental and genetic effects on traits different between the ecotypes, we examined the soil moisture content, nuclear microsatellite genotypes, plant height, and flowering phenology in dry and mesic habitats in two areas on Chichijima Island. The soil moisture content decreased from June to July in both areas and tended to be lower in dry habitats than in mesic habitats in July. Genetic structure indicated not only genetic differentiation between the ecotypes but also admixture between them and migration between the habitats. Both environmental and genetic effects were detected in plant height and flowering phenology: lower height and earlier flowering of the shrub ecotype in the dry habitats, indicating phenotypic plasticity in response to drought, and genetic variation between ecotypes in both traits. These findings indicate that phenotypic plasticity in response to different environments results in different flowering phenology, which facilitates reproductive isolation and genetic differentiation, leading to genetic variation in adaptive traits associated with the environments.
A comparison of synthetic control approaches for the evaluation of policy interventions using observational data: Evaluating the impact of redesigning urgent and emergency care in Northumberland
Authors: Clarke Geraldine M. , Steventon Adam , O'Neill Stephen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the original synthetic control (OSC) method with alternative approaches (Generalized [GSC], Micro [MSC], and Bayesian [BSC] synthetic control methods) and re‐evaluate the impact of a significant restructuring of urgent and emergency care in Northeast England, which included the opening of the UK's first purpose‐built specialist emergency care hospital.Data SourcesSimulations and data from Secondary Uses Service data, a single comprehensive repository for patient‐level health care data in England.Study DesignHospital use of individuals exposed and unexposed to the restructuring is compared. We estimate the impact using OSC, MSC, BSC, and GSC applied at the general practice level. We contrast the estimation methods' performance in a Monte Carlo simulation study.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsHospital activity data from Secondary Uses Service for patients aged over 18 years registered at a general practice in England from April 2011 to March 2019.Principal FindingsNone of the methods dominated all simulation scenarios. GSC was generally preferred. In contrast to an earlier evaluation that used OSC, GSC reported a smaller impact of the opening of the hospital on Accident and Emergency (A&E) department (also known as emergency department or casualty) visits and no evidence for any impact on the proportion of A&E patients seen within 4 h.ConclusionsThe simulation study highlights cases where the considered methods may lead to biased estimates in health policy evaluations. GSC was found to be the most reliable method of those considered. Considering more disaggregated data over a longer time span and applying GSC indicates that the specialist emergency care hospitals in Northumbria had less impact on A&E visits and waiting times than suggested by the original evaluation which applied OSC to more aggregated data.
Choroidal metastasis in breast cancer
Authors: Siu Yuk Wo Aaron , Mak Yan Sin Rita , Au‐Yeung Chung Ling Karen , Yeuk‐hei Ling , Lai Yee Tak Alta , Wong Wai Chung Wendy 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe commonest sites of metastatic carcinoma of the breast are lungs, bones and the brain. We report a rare case of intraocular metastasis from a breast primary to increase the awareness amongst frontline clinicians. We also discuss interventional options available as prompt treatment could be vision‐saving for this group of patients despite its overall palliative intent.
Restorative justice programs and practices in juvenile justice: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis for effectiveness
Authors: Kimbrell Catherine S. , Wilson David B. , Olaghere Ajima 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch summaryRestorative justice (RJ) in practice has taken on many different forms. It is argued that RJ does not have definitional boundaries, making it hard to limit its essence to that of a particular program, practice, philosophy, or outcome. Therefore, this study's objective was to systematically review and statistically synthesize all available research on RJ programs and related programs and practices using meta‐analytic methods. Our updated systematic search and meta‐analysis identified a total of 57 unique studies including 79 evaluations (including 18 random assignment and 61 quasi‐experimental designs). We extracted a total of 631 effect sizes related to delinquency, non‐delinquency, and victim outcomes. The results of our meta‐analysis showed that RJ programs and practices are associated with a small‐to‐moderate and statistically significant reduction in future delinquent behavior relative to more traditional juvenile justice responses (g = 0.23, 95% CI [0.14, 0.32]). Nevertheless, results were smaller for the more rigorous random assignment studies and nonsignificant, raising concerns about the robustness of this finding. Our most promising findings, however, were for the victim and non‐delinquency outcomes.Policy implicationsThe bottom line for RJ programs and practices is that the empirical evidence is supportive of these programs in moderately reducing juvenile delinquency. However, the evidence appears more promising in the area of non‐delinquency outcomes for victims and youth participants involved in these programs. Taken together, the results indicate that RJ programs and practices may be effective at reducing recidivism, albeit to a small‐to‐moderate extent, but have the added feature of meaningfully increasing perceptions of satisfaction and fairness for victim and youth participants. These results should be viewed as encouraging for policy makers, RJ practitioners, and proponents that emphasize the centrality of the victim in the process of crime and harm resolution, as well as those interested in alternative solutions to addressing youth crime.
Advancing the Contributions of European Stakeholders in Farming Systems to Transitions to Agroecology
Authors: Zawalińska Katarzyna , Smyrniotopoulou Alexandra , Balazs Katalin , Böhm Michael , Chitea Mihai , Florian Violeta , Fratila Mihaela , Gradziuk Piotr , Henderson Stuart , Irvine Katherine , Konstantidelli Vasilia , Krupin Vitaliy , Latruffe Laure , Mikšytė Elvyra , Miller David , Monteleone Daniel , Polaschegg Marcus , Schwarz Gerald , Tzanopoulos Joseph , Tzouramani Irene , Vlahos George , Wojciechowska Adrianna 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe concept of a ‘just transition’ is gaining traction in international policy discourses. It has particular significance in relation to achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions and the need for ensuring rights and responsibilities of all actors in transitions to agroecological farming systems. Research plays an important role in accompanying this transformation. It explores pathways for more sustainable and fair food systems, barriers to them being achieved, and where and what risks arise for communities of interest and of place. Researchers and practitioners across levels and sectors were brought together in H2020 projects LIFT and UNISECO using processes of stakeholder engagement. Both projects analysed the perceptions of actors towards agroecological farming, and their active involvement in the transitions required. This article summarises lessons learnt regarding multi‐actor engagement in different participatory settings in both projects, including a Multi‐Actor Platform approach, Q method, DELPHI and Hybrid forum workshops. The interactions involved several hundred actors from 18 countries across Europe. The article reflects on implications of the Covid‐19 pandemic on the processes and effectiveness of multi‐actor engagement, and assessments of the impacts on the empowerment of the actors. The findings are contextualised by contemporary European Union and national policy objectives of tackling climate change, the loss of biodiversity, and inequalities.
Penicillamine‐induced degenerative dermopathy in a patient with Wilson's disease
Authors: Chen Yuting , Qiu Yangyang , Chen Meiqing , Jiang Ying , Qiu Xiaoyan , Gao Lujuan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPenicillamine is a chelator that has been used in Wilson's disease, cystinuria, rheumatoid arthritis and heavy metal intoxication. We report a case of a 31‐year‐old man presented with skin atrophy, purpura and milia on the hips and shoulders after taking penicillamine for 1.5 years. According to literature review, this type of penicillamine‐associated cutaneous adverse effect belongs to degenerative dermopathy, which mostly occurs on bony prominences and points of pressure in patients with Wilson's disease or cystinuria. Withdrawal or reduction of drug dose can improve the features of degenerative dermopathy.
New immune horizons in therapeutics and diagnostic approaches to Preeclampsia
Authors: Mukherjee Indrani , Singh Sunil , Karmakar Abhibrato , Kashyap Neha , Mridha Asit Ranjan , Sharma Jai Bhagwan , Luthra Kalpana , Sharma Radhey Shyam , Biswas Subhrajit , Dhar Ruby , Karmakar Subhradip 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are one of the commonest maladies, affecting 5%–10% of pregnancies worldwide. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) identifies four categories of HDP, namely gestational hypertension (GH), Preeclampsia (PE), chronic hypertension (CH), and CH with superimposed PE. PE is a multisystem, heterogeneous disorder that encompasses 2%–8% of all pregnancy‐related complications, contributing to about 9% to 26% of maternal deaths in low‐income countries and 16% in high‐income countries. These translate to 50 000 maternal deaths and over 500 000 fetal deaths worldwide, therefore demanding high priority in understanding clinical presentation, screening, diagnostic criteria, and effective management. PE is accompanied by uteroplacental insufficiency leading to vascular and metabolic changes, vasoconstriction, and end‐organ ischemia. PE is diagnosed after 20 weeks of pregnancy in women who were previously normotensive or hypertensive. Besides shallow trophoblast invasion and inadequate remodeling of uterine arteries, dysregulation of the nonimmune system has been the focal point in PE. This results from aberrant immune system activation and imbalanced differentiation of T cells. Further, a failure of tolerance toward the semi‐allogenic fetus results due to altered distribution of Tregs such as CD4+FoxP3+ or CD4+CD25+CD127(low) FoxP3+ cells, thereby creating a cytotoxic environment by suboptimal production of immunosuppressive cytokines like IL‐10, IL‐4, and IL‐13. Also, intracellular production of complement protein C5a may result in decreased FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. With immune system dysfunction as a major driver in PE pathogenesis, it is logical that therapeutic targeting of components of the immune system with pharmacologic agents like anti‐inflammatory and immune‐modulating molecules are either being used or under clinical trial. Cholesterol synthesis inhibitors like Pravastatin may improve placental perfusion in PE, while Eculizumab (monoclonal antibody inhibiting C5) and small molecular inhibitor of C5a, Zilucoplan are under investigation. Monoclonal antibody against IL‐17(Secukinumab) has been proposed to alter the Th imbalance in PE. Autologous Treg therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors like anti‐CTLA‐4 are emerging as new candidates in immune horizons for PE management in the future.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in LOXL1 as biomarkers for progression of exfoliation glaucoma in Sweden
Authors: Ayala Marcelo , Zetterberg Madeleine , Zettergren Anna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeExfoliation glaucoma is a common and aggressive type of glaucoma with high prevalence in Scandinavia. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the allele frequencies of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in LOXL1 were associated with the progression of exfoliation glaucoma in Swedish patients.MethodsIn this non‐randomised cohort study, we enrolled patients with exfoliation glaucoma, and they performed at least five reliable visual field tests. Blood samples were collected, and genotyping was performed using competitive allele‐specific PCR genotyping. Glaucoma progression was evaluated using the guided glaucoma progression analysis (GPA), mean deviation (MD) difference and rate of progression (ROP). In addition, associations between allele frequencies and glaucoma progression were tested using logistic regression for GPA and linear regression for MD and ROP.ResultsWe enrolled a total of 130 patients in the study. The general genetic model showed statistical significance for LOXL1_rs2165241 (p = 8 × 10−7, Fisher's exact test) and LOXL1_rs1048661 (p = 2 × 10−6, Fisher's exact test). Regression analyses using an additive genetic model showed significant values for LOXL1_rs2165241SNP in relation to GPA, MD and ROP as outcomes (p = 1.8 × 10−4, 4 × 10−2, 6 × 10−4) and for LOXL1_rs1048661 SNP in relation to GPA, MD and ROP (p = 7 × 10−5, 8 × 10−3, 2 × 10−4).ConclusionsThis was the first study to show an association of the SNPs LOXL1_rs2165241 and LOXL1_rs1048661 with the progression of exfoliation glaucoma. Further large‐scale studies are required to verify these findings.
Loss of control in preschoolers with asthma is a risk factor for disease persistency
Authors: Holm‐Weber Adam , Aarestrup Louise , Prahl Julie , Hermansen Mette , Hansen Kirsten Skamstrup , Chawes Bo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo describe the relationship between loss of control events in preschoolers with asthma and persistence of disease.MethodsWe reviewed medical records of children <6 years diagnosed with asthma in 2018 to assess loss of control events during three years of follow‐up. Asthma persistency was defined by redeem of short‐acting β2‐agonist or asthma controllers within one year after the end of follow‐up. Logistic regression models were applied to analyse the association between loss of control events and persistence of asthma.ResultsWe included 172 patients (median age 1.8 years), whereof 126 (73.3%) experienced a loss of control event and 87 (50.6%) had asthma one year after the end of follow‐up. Any loss of control event was associated with persistence of asthma adjusted for controller treatment at inclusion, prior exacerbations, atopic comorbidity and caesarean section: aOR, 10.9 (95% CI, 3.9–34.6), p < 0.001. This was also significant restricted to events in the first year of follow‐up: 3.52 (1.50–8.67), p < 0.01 and among children only experiencing one event: 6.4 (1.7–27.3), p = 0.01.ConclusionLoss of control events during a 3‐year period among preschoolers with asthma are closely related to disease persistency, which may aid clinicians to assess risk of persistent asthma in young children.
Editorial: routine use of intestinal ultrasound in ulcerative colitis—are we missing the appendix?
Authors: Ernest‐Suarez Kenneth , Novak Kerri 
Published: December 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Reijntjes et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17267 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17331
Editorial: how early should ‘early TIPSS’ be in cirrhosis with acute variceal bleeding?
Authors: Ding Min , Tian Yulong , Ruan Mengfan , Qi Xingshun 
Published: December 2022

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Dunne et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17252