bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment burden in survivors of prostate and colorectal cancers: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Adam Rosalind , Duncan Lisa , Maclennan Sara J , Locock Louise 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTreatment burden is the workload of healthcare and the impact this has on the individual. Treatment burden is associated with poorer patient outcomes in several chronic diseases. Illness burden has been extensively studied in cancer, but little is known about treatment burden, particularly in those who have completed primary treatment for cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment burden in survivors of prostate and colorectal cancers and their caregivers.DesignSemistructured interview study. Interviews were analysed using Framework and thematic analysis.SettingParticipants were recruited via general practices in Northeast Scotland.ParticipantsEligible participants were individuals who had been diagnosed with colorectal or prostate cancer without distant metastases within the previous 5 years and their caregivers. Thirty-five patients and six caregivers participated: 22 patients had prostate and 13 had colorectal cancers (six male, seven female).ResultsThe term ‘burden’ did not resonate with most survivors, who expressed gratitude that time invested in cancer care could translate into improved survival. Cancer management was time consuming, but workload reduced over time. Cancer was usually considered as a discrete episode. Individual, disease and health system factors protected against or increased treatment burden. Some factors, such as health service configuration, were potentially modifiable. Multimorbidity contributed most to treatment burden and influenced treatment decisions and engagement with follow-up. The presence of a caregiver protected against treatment burden, but caregivers also experienced burden.ConclusionsIntensive cancer treatment and follow-up regimens do not necessarily lead to perceived burden. A cancer diagnosis serves as a strong motivator to engage in health management, but a careful balance exists between positive perceptions and burden. Treatment burden could lead to poorer cancer outcomes by influencing engagement with and decisions about care. Clinicians should ask about treatment burden and its impact, particularly in those with multimorbidity.Trial registration numberNCT04163068.
Effects of ileocolonic delivered vitamin B2, B3and C (ColoVit) or the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet on disease course and microbiome of patients with Crohn’s disease (VITA-GrAID study): a protocol for a randomised and partially blinded trial
Authors: Otten Antonius Timotheus , Peters V , Barth I , Stevens C L , Bourgonje A R , Frijlink H W , Harmsen H J M , Rehman A , Campmans-Kuijpers M J E , Dijkstra G 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDiet plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of Crohn’s disease (CD). Nutritional interventions revealed effects on intestinal inflammation and gut microbial composition. However, data from well-designed and controlled dietary trials are lacking. Therefore, evidence-based dietary recommendations are still unavailable to patients and physicians. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of an evidence-based anti-inflammatory diet, and an ileocolonic-targeted capsule containing vitamin B2, B3and C (ColoVit) on patients with CD and their healthy household members.Methods and analysisIn this multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, partially blinded nutritional intervention trial, we aim to recruit 255 CD patients with Harvey-Bradshaw Index <8 and a faecal calprotectin (FCal) cut-off of ≥100 µg/g at baseline. Participants will be randomised into two experimental intervention groups and one placebo group. In the experimental groups, participants will either adhere to the Groningen anti-inflammatory diet (GrAID) or ingest an ileocolonic-delivered oral vitamin B2/B3/C capsule (ColoVit). The study consists of a 12-week controlled interventional phase, which proceeds to a 9-month observational follow-up phase in which patients allocated to the GrAID group will be requested to continue the intervention on their own accord. Household members of participating patients will be asked to participate in the trial as healthy subjects and are allocated to the same group as their peer. The primary study outcome for patients is the change in FCal level from baseline. The primary outcome for household members is the change in gut microbial composition, which is set as secondary outcome for patients.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Stichting Beoordeling Ethiek Biomedisch Onderzoek in Assen, the Netherlands. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT04913467.
CATERPILLAR-study protocol: an assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial comparing taurolidine-citrate-heparin to heparin-only lock solutions for the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections in paediatric oncology patients
Authors: van den Bosch Ceder Hildegard , Loeffen Yvette , van der Steeg Alida F W , van der Bruggen Jan-Tom T , Frakking Florine N J , Fiocco Marta , van de Ven Cornelis P , Wijnen Marc H W A , van de Wetering Marianne D 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe efficacy of taurolidine containing lock solutions for the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in paediatric oncology patients is still unknown. If the taurolidine-citrate-heparin lock appears to decrease the incidence of CLABSIs, we hope to increase the quality of life of children with cancer by subsequently reducing the central venous access device (CVAD)-removal rates, dispense of antibiotics, hospital admissions and incidence of severe sepsis resulting in intensive care unit admission.Methods and analysisThis assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial including 462 patients was designed to compare the taurolidine-citrate-heparin lock to the heparin-only lock for the prevention of CLABSIs in paediatric oncology patients. Patients receiving their first CVAD at the Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands, are eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome of this study is the incidence of first CLABSIs from CVAD insertion until the end of the study, maximum follow-up of 90 days. An intention-to-treat and a per-protocol analysis will be performed. An interim analysis will be performed after the inclusion of 50% of the patients. The results of the interim analysis and overall conduct of the trial will be discussed by a data safety monitoring board.Ethics and disseminationThe medical ethics committee NedMec, Utrecht, the Netherlands, has approved this research (number 20/370). Written informed consent for participation in this trial and publication of the trial data is obtained from all patients and/or their parents/guardians. The results of this trial will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and the data will be made available on reasonable request after publication of the main results manuscript.Trial registration numbersNTR6688;NCT05740150.
Use of the Vitiligo Extent Score: a protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Rueda-Galvis Paola Andrea , Orozco-Jiménez Sara , Builes-Montaño Carlos E , Arango-Salgado Andrea 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition with no cure. Clinical
assessment and treatment evaluation relies heavily on clinometry tools
and expert knowledge. The Vitiligo Extent Score has been proposed as one
of the most reliable and easy-to-use clinometry tools for
vitiligo.

Methods and analysis
We proposed a scoping review to identify all the available evidence
on the clinical research availability around the Vitiligo Extent Score.
The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Open
Grey, Lens and Directory of Open Access Journals. In addition, the
approach proposed in the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual will
be followed. Finally, this review will be reported according to the
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
extension for Scoping Reviews.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval for this review is not required. We intend to
publish the results in a specialised peer-reviewed journal and local,
national and international conference presentations. It will also be
incorporated as educational material in our institution’s postgraduate
programme in dermatology.
Enhanced liver X receptor signalling reduces brain injury and promotes tissue regeneration following experimental intracerebral haemorrhage: roles of microglia/macrophages
Authors: Zhang Ruiyi , Dong Yifei , Liu Yang , Moezzi Dorsa , Ghorbani Samira , Mirzaei Reza , Lozinski Brian M , Dunn Jeff F , Yong V Wee , Xue Mengzhou 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundInflammation-exacerbated secondary brain injury and limited tissue regeneration are barriers to favourable prognosis after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). As a regulator of inflammation and lipid metabolism, Liver X receptor (LXR) has the potential to alter microglia/macrophage (M/M) phenotype, and assist tissue repair by promoting cholesterol efflux and recycling from phagocytes. To support potential clinical translation, the benefits of enhanced LXR signalling are examined in experimental ICH.MethodsCollagenase-induced ICH mice were treated with the LXR agonist GW3965 or vehicle. Behavioural tests were conducted at multiple time points. Lesion and haematoma volume, and other brain parameters were assessed using multimodal MRI with T2-weighted, diffusion tensor imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI sequences. The fixed brain cryosections were stained and confocal microscopy was applied to detect LXR downstream genes, M/M phenotype, lipid/cholesterol-laden phagocytes, oligodendrocyte lineage cells and neural stem cells. Western blot and real-time qPCR were also used. CX3CR1CreER: Rosa26iDTRmice were employed for M/M-depletion experiments.ResultsGW3965 treatment reduced lesion volume and white matter injury, and promoted haematoma clearance. Treated mice upregulated LXR downstream genes including ABCA1 and Apolipoprotein E, and had reduced density of M/M that apparently shifted from proinflammatory interleukin-1β+to Arginase1+CD206+regulatory phenotype. Fewer cholesterol crystal or myelin debris-laden phagocytes were observed in GW3965 mice. LXR activation increased the number of Olig2+PDGFRα+precursors and Olig2+CC1+mature oligodendrocytes in perihaematomal regions, and elevated SOX2+or nestin+neural stem cells in lesion and subventricular zone. MRI results supported better lesion recovery by GW3965, and this was corroborated by return to pre-ICH values of functional rotarod activity. The therapeutic effects of GW3965 were abrogated by M/M depletion in CX3CR1CreER: Rosa26iDTRmice.ConclusionsLXR agonism using GW3965 reduced brain injury, promoted beneficial properties of M/M and facilitated tissue repair correspondent with enhanced cholesterol recycling.
Bayesian inference of high-purity germanium detector impurities based on capacitance measurements and machine-learning accelerated capacitance calculations
Authors: Abt I. , Gooch C. , Hagemann F. , Hauertmann L. , Liu X. , Schulz O. , Schuster M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe impurity density in high-purity germanium detectors is crucial to understand and simulate such detectors. However, the information about the impurities provided by the manufacturer, based on Hall effect measurements, is typically limited to a few locations and comes with a large uncertainty. As the voltage dependence of the capacitance matrix of a detector strongly depends on the impurity density distribution, capacitance measurements can provide a path to improve the knowledge on the impurities. The novel method presented here uses a machine-learned surrogate model, trained on precise GPU-accelerated capacitance calculations, to perform full Bayesian inference of impurity distribution parameters from capacitance measurements. All steps use open-source Julia software packages. Capacitances are calculated with SolidStateDetectors.jl, machine learning is done with Flux.jl and Bayesian inference performed using BAT.jl. The capacitance matrix of a detector and its dependence on the impurity density is explained and a capacitance bias-voltage scan of an n-type true-coaxial test detector is presented. The study indicates that the impurity density of the test detector also has a radial dependence.
Mud retention in hydrologically closed basins promoted pre-vegetation meandering: evidence from the Neoproterozoic Diabaig Formation, Scotland
Authors: McMahon William J. , Herron Seán T. , Craig James A. , Davies Neil S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Fluvial point-bar deposits are described from the
c.
1 Ga Diabaig Formation, representing some of the most compelling architectural evidence of planform sinuosity recognized in pre-vegetation sedimentary strata to date. The stratigraphical architecture of the deposits indicates different planform transformations in response to meander-bend expansion and downstream migration. Point-bar architectural motifs are locally abundant in the unit and this is attributed to elevated amounts of mud-calibre cohesive sediment. Mud afforded landscape stability that, together with limited stream power, was sufficient to corral sediment into single-thread, sinuous channels. Significant volumes of fine-grained sediment were encouraged to accumulate by the local basin setting of several topographically confined endorheic depressions. These conditions ceased once the hydrologically closed valleys were filled, with the overlying sandstone-dominated Applecross Formation subsequently deposited by low-sinuosity, braided rivers that bypassed fine-grained sediment oceanward. Other endorheic basins conducive to the formation of depositional meanders should be expected to have been relatively widespread on pre-vegetation Earth, though many individually limited in size, confined by their inherited topographies. Depositional architectures representative of sinuous channel planforms remain scarce within more extensive, externally drained basins.
Why Over-explaining Is Underrated, and What to Do About It
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: May 2023

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
The purpose of most expository (non-fiction) text is for the reader to understand and retain as much as possible of what it has to say. Too many people who write such text seem (subconsciously) to adopt exactly the opposite point of view. Here's how not to be one of them.
A Rare Subset of Primary Tumor Cells with Concomitant Hyperactivation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and dsRNA-IFN1 Signaling Metastasizes in Breast Cancer
Authors: Roda Niccolò , Cossa Andrea , Hillje Roman , Tirelli Andrea , Ruscitto Federica , Cheloni Stefano , Priami Chiara , Dalmasso Alberto , Gambino Valentina , Blandano Giada , Polazzi Andrea , Falvo Paolo , Gatti Elena , Mazzarella Luca , Luzi Lucilla , Migliaccio Enrica , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Metastatic breast cancer has a poor prognosis and is largely considered incurable. A better understanding of the molecular determinants of breast cancer metastasis could facilitate development of improved prevention and treatment strategies. We used lentiviral barcoding coupled to single-cell RNA sequencing to trace clonal and transcriptional evolution during breast cancer metastasis and showed that metastases derive from rare prometastatic clones that are underrepresented in primary tumors. Both low clonal fitness and high metastatic potential were independent of clonal origin. Differential expression and classification analyses revealed that the prometastatic phenotype was acquired by rare cells characterized by the concomitant hyperactivation of extracellular matrix remodeling and dsRNA-IFN signaling pathways. Notably, genetic silencing of key genes in these pathways (KCNQ1OT1 or IFI6, respectively) significantly impaired migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo, with marginal effects on cell proliferation and tumor growth. Gene expression signatures derived from the identified prometastatic genes predict metastatic progression in patients with breast cancer, independently of known prognostic factors. This study elucidates previously unknown mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis and provides prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets for metastasis prevention.

Significance:
Transcriptional lineage tracing coupled with single-cell transcriptomics defined the transcriptional programs underlying metastatic progression in breast cancer, identifying prognostic signatures and prevention strategies.
Minority, Marginality and Modernity
Authors: Emadi Hafizullah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ismailis are a minority community within the larger world of Sunni and Shia Muslims and were persecuted by conservative Muslim religious and political leaders. They were marginalised in the social, cultural and political arena and were forced to dissimulate their faith in order to avoid adversarial confrontation by hostile forces. Scholars and writers in the Muslim world avoided any objective and candid discussions of the community fearing that they might encounter severe reprisal by their own dogmatic and biased leaders. In Afghanistan, the Hazara Ismailis experienced discrimination, marginalisation and repression because of their ethnicity and religious beliefs. They endured years of political, social, cultural and economic deprivation. However, their situation improved after the downfall of the Taliban rule in late 2001. Although Ismailis, for the most part, were treated as footnotes in most historical literature, they became the main topic of historical and development literature after their spiritual leader, His Highness the Aga Khan iv and present Imam of the Ismailis worldwide, got involved in the reconstruction of Afghanistan’s war-torn infrastructures. Parallel to this endeavour, the Aga Khan also abolished the hereditary system of leadership in the Ismaili community, established modern institutions and appointed a new generation of leaders to guide the community.
The Ultimate Victim of Genocide and the Question of Collective Reparations
Authors: Kourtis Dimitrios A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article examines the options available for redressing collective victimhood, specifically in relation to genocide. First, it analyses how the question of reparations was addressed during the drafting of the Genocide Convention. Then, it focuses on the framework of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and explores the types of victims the icc can acknowledge and provide remedies for under its Statute and Rules of Procedure and Evidence. Finally, the article concludes by proposing an alternative approach to secure appropriate redress for the violation of the collective right to exist belonging to the ultimate victim of genocide, the group as such.
Dialect differences and linguistic divergence
Authors: Mansfield John , Leslie-O’Neill Henry , Li Haoyi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article presents a new type of comparative linguistic survey, analyzing (socio)linguistic variation in a database of 1,155 grammatical constructions drawn from 42 diverse languages. We focus in particular on variation in the expression of grammatical meanings, and the extent to which grammatical variation differentiates geographic dialects. This is the first study we know of to present a systematic, crosslinguistic survey of dialect differentiation. We identify three main structural types of grammatical variation—form, order, and omission—and find that in situations of close contact between dialects, where signaling of distinct group identities is more relevant, form variables are more likely to differentiate dialects than the other two types. Order and omission variables usually only differentiate dialects that have minimal contact. Our survey suggests that social signaling may have a substantial role in the divergence of grammars, and provides systematic support for previous proposals regarding convergence and divergence under contact.
The value of serum Sema4D level in predicting the prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and with high thrombus burden
Authors: Bai Jie , Chen Liang , Xu Louyuan , Zhang Qingquan , Liu Jun , Zheng Koulong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a serious cardiovascular disease. High thrombus burden is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of acute myocardial infarction. However, there is no study on the correlation between soluble semaphorin 4D (sSema4D) level and high thrombus burden in patients with STEMI.

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sSema4D level and the thrombus burden of STEMI and further explore its effect on the main predictive value of the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Methods
From October 2020 to June 2021, 100 patients with STEMI diagnosed in our hospital’s cardiology department were selected. According to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)score, STEMI patients were divided into high thrombus burden groups (55 cases) and non-high thrombus burden groups (45 cases) 0.74 patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) were selected as stable CHD group, and 75 patients with negative coronary angiography (CAG) were selected as control group. Serum sSema4D levels were measured in 4 groups. The correlation between serum sSema4D and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with STEMI was analyzed. The relationship of serum sSema4D levels between the high and non-high thrombus burden group was evaluated. The effect of sSema4D levels on the occurrence of MACE was explored in one year after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Results
Serum sSema4D level was positively correlated with hs-CRP level in STEMI patients (P < 0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.493. The sSema4D level was significantly higher in the high versus non-high thrombus burden group (22.54(20.82,24.17), P < 0.05). Moreover, MACE occurred in 19 cases in high thrombus burden group and 3 cases in non-high thrombus burden group. The results of Cox regression analysis showed that sSema4D was an independent predictor of MACE (OR = 1.497,95% CI: 1.213–1.847, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The sSema4D level is associated with coronary thrombus burden and is an independent risk factor for MACE.