bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐Oxide Transparent Photodetector Array for Ultrafast Response through Self‐Powered Excitonic Photovoltage Operation
Authors: Ghosh Shuvaraj , Patel Malkeshkumar , Lee Junsik , Kim Joondong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCan photodetectors be transparent and operate in self‐powered mode? Is it possible to achieve invisible electronics, independent of the external power supply system, for on‐site applications? Here, a ZnO/NiO heterojunction‐based high‐functional transparent ultraviolet (UV) photodetector operating in the self‐powered photovoltaic mode with outstanding responsivity and detectivity values of 6.9 A W−1 and 8.0 × 1012 Jones, respectively, is reported. The highest IUV/Idark value of 8.9 × 104 is attained at a wavelength of 385 nm, together with a very small dark current value of 9.15 × 10−12 A. A large‐scale sputtering method is adopted to deposit the heterostructure of n‐ZnO and p‐NiO sequentially. This deposition instinctively forms an abrupt junction, resulting in a high‐quality heterojunction device. Moreover, developing a ZnO/NiO‐heterojunction–based 4 × 5 matrix array with an output photovoltage of 4.5 V is preferred for integrating photodetectors into sensing and imaging systems. This transparent UV photodetector exhibits the fastest photo‐response time (83 ns) reported for array configurations, which is achieved using an exciton‐induced photovoltage based on a neutral donor–bound exciton. Overall, this study provides a simple method for achieving a high‐performance large‐scale transparent UV photodetector with a self‐powered array configuration.
A web application for reasoning on probabilistic description logics knowledge bases
Authors: Zese Riccardo , Bellodi Elena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of the Semantic Web is making information and resources from the Web automatically processable by machines. Usually, the uncertainty characterizing much of this information is addressed by means of a probabilistic semantics. Following the vision of a “Probabilistic Semantic Web”, a plethora of probabilistic semantics have been proposed: some of them change the syntax and/or the semantics itself of the knowledge representation language, others allow one to annotate axioms of a knowledge base with a probability value. Among the latter, the DISPONTE semantics exploits probabilistic annotations to extend query answering with the capability of returning the probability of a query being true in a domain. In order to promote the adoption of Probabilistic Semantic Web we first developed BUNDLE, a framework that can exploit different underlying (probabilistic and non‐probabilistic) reasoners to perform probabilistic inference under the DISPONTE semantics. In this paper we present a web application for BUNDLE, to show how DISPONTE is easily usable even in already established applications and systems. It allows users to query a DISPONTE knowledge base written or uploaded directly in the application interface by using just a web browser, without the need to install any software on their machine. It is accessible on the web at
https://bundle.ml.unife.it/ and also provides some examples for familiarizing with the application. The results of a usability evaluation involving human participants are also reported, showing the relevance and the practical impact of the tool and possible ways for improvement.
Obesity and alcoholic etiology as risk factors for multisystem organ failure in acute pancreatitis: Multinational study
Authors: Lee Peter J. , Lahooti Ali , Culp Stacey , Boutsicaris Andrew , Holovach Phillip , Wozniak Kayla , Lahooti Ila , Paragomi Pedram , Hinton Alice , Pothoulakis Ioannis , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Kochhar Rakesh , Goenka Mahesh K. , Gulla Aiste , Gonzalez Jose A. , Singh Vikesh , Bogado Miguel Ferreira , Stevens Tyler , Babu Sorin Traian , Nawaz Haq , Gutierrez Silvia Cristina , Zarnescu Narcis , Capurso Gabriele , Easler Jeffrey , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Peláez Luna Mario , Thakkar Shyam , Ocampo Carlos , de‐Madaria Enrique , Cote Gregory A. , Wu Bechien U. , Hart Phil A. , Krishna Somashekar G. , Lara Luis , Han Samuel , Papachristou Georgios I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMultisystem organ failure (MSOF) is the most important determinant of mortality in acute pancreatitis (AP). Obesity and alcoholic etiology have been examined as potential risk factors for MSOF, but prior studies have not adequately elucidated their independent effects on the risk of MSOF.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the adjusted effects of body mass index (BMI) and alcoholic etiology on the risk of MSOF in subjects with AP.MethodsA prospective observational study of 22 centers from 10 countries was conducted. Patients admitted to an APPRENTICE consortium center with AP between August 2015 and January 2018 were enrolled. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted effects of BMI, etiology, and other relevant covariates on the risk of MSOF. Models were stratified by sex.ResultsAmong 1544 AP subjects, there was a sex‐dependent association between BMI and the risk of MSOF. Increasing BMI was associated with increased odds of MSOF in males (OR 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.15) but not in females (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.90–1.1). Male subjects with AP, whose BMIs were 30–34 and >35 kg/m2, had odds ratios of 3.78 (95% CI 1.62–8.83) and 3.44 (95% CI 1.08–9.99), respectively. In females, neither higher grades of obesity nor increasing age increased the risk of MSOF. Alcoholic etiology was independently associated with increased odds of MSOF compared with non‐alcohol etiologies (OR 4.17, 95% CI 2.16–8.05).ConclusionPatients with alcoholic etiology and obese men (but not women) are at substantially increased risk of MSOF in AP.
Parasitic fauna of farmed freshwater ornamental sutchi catfish (Pangasiandon hypophthalmus) and silver dollar (Metynnis hypsauchen) in Alborz province, Iran
Authors: Rahmati‐Holasoo Hooman , Tavakkoli Sima , Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Hosseinali , Marandi Amin , Taheri Mirghaed Ali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground: Parasitic infestations are one of the most significant problems in global aquaculture. In addition to direct economic losses due to significant mortalities, parasites may have a significant negative impact on the fish's behaviour, energetic demands, trophic position, interspecific competition, growth rate, and reproductive function.Objectives: We conducted the present study to evaluate the infection status of parasitic pathogens in freshwater sutchi catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and silver dollar (Metynnis hypsauchen) farmed in Alborz province of Iran.Methods: Between January and February 2021, 140 ornamental fish, including 70 sutchi catfish (P. hypophthalmus) and 70 silver dollar (M. hypsauchen), were delivered from various ornamental fish farms for parasitological analysis. Thorough macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed to detect parasitic infections in delivered freshwater ornamental fish.Results: A total of six parasite species, including five protozoan species (Nyctotherus piscicola, Trichodina heterodentata, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Protoopalina sp., and Hexamita sp.) and one monogenean species (Ancyrocephalus sp.), were identified in the examined fish. The overall prevalence of the recovered parasites was 46.43% (65/140) of the fish.Conclusions: In the current study, several parasites, including Hexamita sp., Ancyrocephalus sp., Protoopalina sp., and N. piscicola, were identified as the first records of the sutchi catfish (P. hypophthalmus) and/or silver dollar (M. hypsauchen), and these two fish species are known as new hosts for the isolated parasites in ornamental fish farms in Iran. Assessing the parasitic fauna of ornamental fish is therefore critical for preventing parasite introduction into adjacent provinces as well as neighbouring countries and promoting fish health.
Introduction to Atmospheric Simulation Chambers and Their Applications
Authors: Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Becker Karl-Heinz , Doussin Jean-François , Fuchs Hendrik , Seakins Paul , Wenger John , Wiesen Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtmospheric simulation chambers have been deployed with various research goals for more than 80 years. In this chapter, an overview of the various applications, including emerging new applications, is given. The chapter starts with a brief historical overview of atmospheric simulation chambers. It also provides an overview of how simulation chambers complement field observations and more classical laboratory experiments. The chapter is concluded with an introduction to the different aspects requiring consideration when designing an atmospheric simulation chamber.
Physical and Chemical Characterization of the Chamber
Authors: Alfarra Rami , Camredon Marie , Cazaunau Mathieu , Doussin Jean-François , Fuchs Hendrik , Jorga Spiro , McFiggans Gordon , Newland Mike J. , Pandis Spyros , Rickard Andrew R. , Saathoff Harald 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to perform experiments in the chamber, characterization of physical properties is essential for the evaluation and interpretation of experiments. In this chapter, recommendations are given how to measure physical parameters such as temperature and pressure. For photochemistry experiments, knowledge of the radiation either provided by the sun or lamps is key to calculate photolysis frequencies. Standard protocols are described how to validate the calculation of the radiation inside the chamber using actinometry experiments. In addition, the characterization of loss processes for gas-phase species as well as for aerosol is discussed. Reference experiments can be used to test the state of the chamber. Different types of reference experiments focusing on gas-phase photo-oxidation experiments are recommended and described in detail in this chapter.
Preparation of Simulation Chambers for Experiments
Authors: Bell David , Doussin Jean-François , Hohaus Thorsten 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen setting up a simulation chamber experiment it is essential, in order to ensure meaningful results, to start with a well-controlled chemical system. Coming after the chapter dealing with the requested careful characterization of the simulation chamber, the present chapter describes the preparation of the chamber before running an experiment. It includes various chamber cleaning protocols, the preparation of a clean chamber atmosphere (the reacting mixture) and a series of protocols for blank experiments. Indeed, having a clean atmosphere in a simulation chamber, as free as possible from both particulate and gaseous impurities, is essential to ensure high quality experimental results. As it may not be possible to have a perfectly clean chamber, blank experiments are crucial to both assess chamber cleanliness, account for impurities and establish uncertainties of the observed phenomena. In the present chapter, various cleaning protocols which involve the oxidation of the impurities, dilution, temperature degradation/evaporation, but the evacuation or manual cleaning are described as well. The various techniques to generate clean gas mixture—mostly clean O2, N2 or water vapor, are discussed. Finally, complementarily to the reference experiments proposed in Chap. 2, blank experiments to characterize walls chemical inertia, chamber-dependent radical sources or the presence of water-soluble species are also described.
Preparation of the Experiment: Addition of Particles
Authors: Alfarra Rami , Baltensperger Urs , Bell David M. , Danelli Silvia Giulia , Di Biagio Claudia , Doussin Jean-François , Formenti Paola , Gysel-Beer Martin , Massabò Dario , McFiggans Gordon , Modini Rob L. , Möhler Ottmar , Prati Paolo , Saathoff Harald , Wenger John 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtmospheric simulation chambers are often utilized to study the physical properties and chemical reactivity of particles suspended in air. In this chapter, the various approaches employed for the addition of particles to simulation chambers are described in detail. Procedures for the generation of monodispersed seed aerosols, mineral dust, soot particles and bioaerosols are all presented using illustrative examples from chamber experiments. Technical descriptions of the methods used for the addition of whole emissions (gases and particles) from real-world sources such as wood-burning stoves, automobile engines and plants are also included, along with an outline of experimental approaches for investigating the atmospheric processing of these emissions.
Sampling for Offline Analysis
Authors: Borrás Esther , Herrmann Hartmut , Kalberer Markus , Muñoz Amalia , Mutzel Anke , Vera Teresa , Wenger John 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe detailed chemical characterization of gas and particle phase species is essential for interpreting the results of atmospheric simulation chamber experiments. Although the application of online techniques has advanced significantly over the last two decades, offline analytical methods such as GC–MS and LC–MS are still frequently used. In this chapter, the approaches commonly employed for gas and particle sampling prior to subsequent offline analysis are described in detail. Methods involving the use of cartridges, canisters, bags and sorbent tubes for gas sampling are described with the support of examples reported in the literature. Technical descriptions related to the application of different types of filters, inertial classifiers and particle-into-liquid samplers for the collection of particles are also provided.
Introduction
Authors: Gutman Mary , Jayusi Wurud , Beck Michael , Bekerman Zvi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe introductory chapter begins by clarifying the rationale that led the editors to delve into this project despite the many challenges in this field of study. First, we outline the rationale that preceded our journey, while explaining the gap in the academic literature in this field. Thereafter, we address each of the four parts of this book. The first part deals with immigrant and immigrant-origin teachers. It reviews the social and linguistic challenges they face in geopolitical contexts in Israel, Europe, and the USA. The second part reviews the experiences of indigenous teachers as minorities in multilingual and bilingual schools. The third focuses on international minority teacher educators, and examines the pedagogical and cultural challenges they face as educators, instructors, and supervisors of pre-service teachers. The fourth and final part showcases ethnic minority teachers integrated into educational frameworks around the globe, highlighting the challenges and benefits involved. We conclude this chapter by presenting the potential contributions of the empirical evidence contained in this open-access book to the growing theoretical and practical understanding of the potential benefits and risks involved in these processes.
Germany: Professional Networks of Minority Teachers and Their Role in Developing Multicultural Schools
Authors: Strasser Josef 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to explore the conditions for successfully realizing the supposed positive impact, the paper focuses on the role of the school context on the professional cooperation of minority teachers. It is assumed that minority teachers within a supportive context cooperate more tightly and cohesively. Thereby they may develop a common approach and realize a stronger impact on their school’s development. Based on two case studies it is highlighted how such an impact can come about. The implementation of professional networks and learning communities of minority teachers may be a major step in developing multicultural schools. Schools with such communities seem to be open to professional impulses of minority teachers and give them space to develop a “diversity agenda”, whereas other schools tend to marginalize them.
Independent Schools in South Africa: Acculturation of Zimbabwean Immigrant Teachers
Authors: Makula Tshatiwa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSouth Africa, which offers relative political stability and prosperity, has always been a major destination country for a large flow of people seeking better economic and social opportunities. Many Zimbabweans left to flee from poverty as a result of Zimbabwe’s political and financial crumble around 2008; thus, this paper aimed at shedding light on Zimbabwean immigrant teachers’ experiences of acculturation in independent schools in Johannesburg, South Africa. It also sought to identify educational leadership approaches that promote multiculturalism and acculturation in culturally diverse independent schools. Data which were collected from a purposefully selected sample of six immigrant teachers were transcribed verbatim. The transcriptions were then analysed thematically through critical discourse analysis and content analysis, following open coding which identified and named segments of participants’ responses. The findings indicated absence of cultural assimilation. Immigrant teachers are treated differently from their South African peers and they do not blend in easily. Thus, formal academic programmes, induction programmes, and in-service-training should be undertaken to cultivate revolutionary principals who facilitate cultural assimilation. There is need for school policies and practices that are sensitive to cultural differences and a call for all relevant individuals to face head-on the issue of multiculturalism.
“Crossing the River by Feeling the Stones”: Understanding Chinese Minority Teachers’ Transnational and Transitional Experiences
Authors: Wu Pei-Ying 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on 6 minority teachers who were raised and trained in China and traveled transnationally to the U.S. as non-immigrants on J-1 Visas which allowed them to teach in the U.S. for up to 5 years. The central theme of the chapter is that teaching in a foreign culture is analogous to crossing a river by feeling the stones. The great differences between Chinese and American cultures and educational traditions presented unique challenges to these minority teachers. Such differences, especially those in conflict with their original professional norms, demanded that the minority teachers observe and imitate what other American teachers do, explore and test the new norms in their classrooms, and wrestle with and possibly adjust their habitual pedagogy to better meet the foreign culture’s expectations. As part of a larger study, this present chapter utilizes interview data collected from six Chinese teachers during their first or second year in U.S. public elementary schools. The findings illustrate a number of shared personal and professional challenges encountered by newly-arrived minority teachers in their initial transitions to life and work in the U.S. The challenges include the unfamiliarity with U.S. public schools, inadequate teaching materials, a heavy teaching load, and other teaching-related issues.
A New Business Model for the Circular Economy of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Shafinejad Parnia , Georgopoulos Konstantinos , Bolech Michael , Copani Giacomo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe market for electrical vehicles (EVs) is expected to show constant growth in the next years. However, Europe is not prepared to manage such a massive flow of electric vehicles at the End-of-Life (EoL). Consolidated value chains including recyclers, remanufacturers, and dismantlers able to treat key parts of EVs efficiently and safely at the EoL (such as batteries) do not exist at the needed industrial scale due to their novelty and complexity which requires innovative technologies and methods.Furthermore, the huge uncertainty on the volume of parts, their EoL conditions, materials cost fluctuations, and market acceptability discourage companies from starting new recycling/remanufacturing businesses. This carries the risk of delaying the consolidation of European value chains specialized in the EoL management of EVs. In order to address these challenges, the present research, which was carried out in the frame of the H2020 “CarE-Service” European-funded project, proposes a new circular business model for the EoL management of EVs.
Design Model for the Sustainability Management of Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Sohnius Felix , Iglauer Martin , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a design model that supports the systematic steering and operationalization of sustainability in manufacturing industry at all corporate levels. Studies show (e.g. Ramboll Group, Smurfit Kappa) that companies are aware of both the need for and the opportunities of corporate sustainability. Corporate sustainability means improving environmental and social effects as well as conditions, while operating profitably in the long term. However, companies face the challenge of resolving the complexity of corporate sustainability. Due to this challenge, the sustainability management model presented in this paper provides a holistic framework that addresses the relevant elements, fields of action and interrelationships of sustainability management in manufacturing companies. A top-down approach enables the management of sustainability at several corporate levels. In addition, various design elements enable the integration of sub-models through which a further concretization and operationalization of corporate sustainability can be realized.
Implications of Strategic Orientation on Sustainable Performance and Organizational Innovation: A Case of Manufacturing SMEs in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Onu Peter , Pradhan Anup , Mbohwa Charles 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ability of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to adopt sustainability is predicated on several criteria, including purchasing and developing specialized resources. SMEs in emerging economies have great potential, and in terms of intensifying business performance, it is important to focus on strategic orientation. The influence of four strategic orientations on firm performance is examined in this study. The role of learning, entrepreneurial, technological, and environmental orientations within proactive strategic orientations in the manufacturing sector have been investigated. This study uses a survey questionnaire to collect data from four hundred and sixty-five sub-Saharan African manufacturing SMEs. The proactive strategic orientations were advantageous for organizational innovation (OI) and sustainable performance (SP); OI improves SP, and SP catalyzes OI, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. This research provides information that may be utilized to advance conceptual and practical debates on manufacturing SMEs to be innovative and improve their sustainability performance to contribute to society, the environment, and the economy.