bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models of Rotating Infall for the B335 Protostar
Authors: Evans II Neal J. , Yang Yao-Lun , Green Joel D. , Zhao Bo , Di Francesco James , Lee Jeong-Eun , Jørgensen Jes K. , Choi Minho , Myers Philip C. , Mardones Diego 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Models of the protostellar source, B335, are developed using axisymmetric three-dimensional models to resolve conflicts found in one-dimensional models. The models are constrained by a large number of observations, including ALMA, Herschel, and Spitzer data. Observations of the protostellar source B335 with ALMA show redshifted absorption against a central continuum source indicative of infall in the HCO+ and HCN J = 4 → 3 transitions. The data are combined with a new estimate of the distance to provide strong constraints to three-dimensional radiative transfer models including a rotating, infalling envelope, outflow cavities, and a very small disk. The models favor ages since the initiation of collapse between 3 × 104 and 4 × 104 yr for both the continuum and the lines, resolving a conflict found in one-dimensional models. The models underpredict the continuum emission seen by ALMA, suggesting an additional component such as a pseudo-disk. The best-fitting model is used to convert variations in the 4.5 μm flux in recent years into a model for a variation of a factor of 5–7 in luminosity over the last 8 yr.
Lagrange versus Lyapunov Stability of Hierarchical Triple Systems: Dependence on the Mutual Inclination between Inner and Outer Orbits
Authors: Hayashi 林 Toshinori 利憲 , Trani 三努郎 Alessandro A. 虎似 , Suto 須藤 Yasushi 靖 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
While there have been many studies examining the stability of hierarchical triple systems, the meaning of “stability” is somewhat vague and has been interpreted differently in previous literatures. The present paper focuses on “Lagrange stability,” which roughly refers to the stability against the escape of a body from the system, or “disruption” of the triple system, in contrast to “Lyapunov-like stability,” which is related to the chaotic nature of the system dynamics. We compute the evolution of triple systems using direct N-body simulations up to 107
P
out, which is significantly longer than previous studies (with P
out being the initial orbital period of the outer body). We obtain the resulting disruption timescale T
d as a function of the triple orbital parameters with particular attention to the dependence on the mutual inclination between the inner and outer orbits, i
mut. By doing so, we have clarified explicitly the difference between Lagrange and Lyapunov stabilities in astronomical triples. Furthermore, we find that the von Zeipel–Kozai–Lidov oscillations significantly destabilize inclined triples (roughly with 60° < i
mut < 150°) relative to those with i
mut = 0°. On the other hand, retrograde triples with i
mut > 160° become strongly stabilized with much longer disruption timescales. We show the sensitivity of the normalized disruption timescale T
d/P
out to the orbital parameters of triple system. The resulting T
d/P
out distribution is practically more useful in a broad range of astronomical applications than the stability criterion based on the Lyapunov divergence.
Indirect Evidence for Dark Matter Density Spikes around Stellar-mass Black Holes
Authors: Chan Man Ho , Lee Chak Man 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It has been suggested for a long time that dark matter would form a density spike around a black hole. However, no promising evidence has been observed so far to verify this theoretical suggestion. Here, we report the existence of a dark matter density spike around each of the two nearby stellar-mass black holes (A0620-00 and XTE J1118+480). The dynamical friction between dark matter and the companion stars can satisfactorily explain the abnormally fast orbital decays in the two binaries. The calculated spike index for A0620-00 and XTE J1118+480 is

γ
=

1.71

−
0.02

+
0.01

and

γ
=

1.85

−
0.04

+
0.04

, respectively, which are close to the lower regime predicted by the stellar heating model. It may provide possible indirect evidence for the existence of dark matter density spikes around stellar-mass black holes. We anticipate that analyzing observational data of nearby black hole X-ray binaries would be a new way to reveal the nature of dark matter.
High-eccentricity Migration with Disk-induced Spin–Orbit Misalignment: A Preference for Perpendicular Hot Jupiters
Authors: Vick Michelle , Su Yubo , Lai Dong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
High-eccentricity migration is a likely formation mechanism for many observed hot Jupiters, particularly those with a large misalignment between the stellar spin axis and orbital angular momentum axis of the planet. In one version of high-eccentricity migration, an inclined stellar companion excites von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai (ZLK) eccentricity oscillations of a cold Jupiter, and tidal dissipation causes the planet’s orbit to shrink and circularize. Throughout this process, the stellar spin can evolve chaotically, resulting in highly misaligned hot Jupiters (HJs). Previous population studies of this migration mechanism have assumed that the stellar spin is aligned with the planetary orbital angular momentum when the companion begins to induce ZLK oscillations. However, in the presence of a binary companion, the star’s obliquity may be significantly excited during the dissipation of its protoplanetary disk. We calculate the stellar obliquities produced in the protoplanetary disk phase and use these to perform an updated population synthesis of ZLK-driven high-eccentricity migration with an F-type host star. We find that the resulting obliquity distribution of HJ systems is predominantly retrograde with a broad peak near 90°. The distribution we obtain has intriguing similarities to the recently observed preponderance of perpendicular planets close to their host stars.
Le Brexit : liberté ou tragédie ?
Authors: Wright David 
Published: January 2023

Le vote en faveur du Brexit lors du référendum de juin 2016 a libéré de nouvelles forces politiques et économiques puissantes au Royaume-Uni (RU) et dans l'Union européenne (UE). Pourquoi et comment cela s'est-il produit ? On n'a jamais dit la vérité sur l'UE au peuple britannique – ni sa raison d'être en tant qu'organisation politique internationale chargée de construire une paix durable sur le continent européen, ni les avantages d'une étroite coopération européenne dans un monde interconnecté et multipolaire fondé sur des traités juridiquement contraignants. L'euroscepticisme au RU, construit pendant quarante ans, n'a pas été contesté par des générations de responsables politiques et a été, sans relâche, alimenté par une presse britannique hostile et agressive. Il n'y a aucune preuve à ce stade que le RU ait prospéré hors de l'UE ; au contraire, politiquement et économiquement, il a régressé. Il est devenu moins fiable, économiquement instable et moins influent au niveau international. L'intégration européenne, cependant, a progressé de manière significative depuis que le RU a quitté l'UE, mais l'UE a aussi perdu certains importants atouts et qualités britanniques. Le Brexit : liberté ou tragédie ? Une tragédie coûteuse pour le peuple britannique qui durera des générations. Classification JEL : N14, N24, N44, O52, P05, P16.
Réflexions sur la réglementation financière de l'UE post-Brexit
Authors: Campa José Manuel 
Published: January 2023

Cet article propose un aperçu des efforts accomplis dans la sphère réglementaire et de supervision pendant la première phase post-Brexit et présente les défis à venir. Le Brexit a créé un nouvel environnement pour les institutions financières en Europe. Les banques, les régulateurs et les superviseurs ont travaillé sans relâche pour assurer une transition la plus équilibrée possible. Le Brexit a entraîné des changements structurels pour les établissements de crédit qui ont dû adapter leurs opérations en direction du marché de l'Union européenne (UE). Le Brexit a aussi mis à jour les dépendances de l'UE vis-à-vis du secteur financier britannique, notamment en matière de clearing de dérivés, qu'il faudra bien résoudre dans le futur. Pour l'avenir, l'UE et le Royaume Uni devront continuer à s'engager pour la préservation des marchés financiers ouverts et l'application des standards réglementaires internationaux dans le secteur financier. Ces principes devraient contribuer à construire un cadre de coopération capable d'éviter la fragilisation des standards financiers, le risque de fragmentation ou les dysfonctionnements des marchés financiers. Classification JEL : F36, F38, F65, G18.
Au lendemain du Brexit
Authors: Boujnah Stéphane 
Published: January 2023

Les effets du Brexit sur les marchés financiers sont encore incertains. Les transferts d'emploi vers l'UE sont progressifs, avec des effets très marqués à Paris, Dublin, Amsterdam et Francfort, même si Londres demeure encore la place financière la plus dense en Europe. Mais la sortie de la City du cadre réglementaire de l'UE a changé profondément les perspectives d'évolution de l'environnement concurrentiel. Les choses ont déjà changé en matière d'introductions en bourse. Pour amplifier cette dynamique, il faut désormais inscrire l'Union des marchés de capitaux dans une ambition politique d'autonomie stratégique, c'est-à-dire orienter nos projets vers la construction d'un modèle véritablement européen avec des centres financiers distribués mais intégrés et fortement interconnectés. Face au risque d'empilement de mesures technocratiques secondaires qui affaiblissent les acteurs financiers de l'UE, trois priorités doivent désormais prévaloir à la Commission, au Conseil et au Parlement européen : simplification, compétitivité et autonomie stratégique. Classification JEL : F36, F38, F65, G18, L05.
Rawls and the Economists: The (Im)possible Dialogue
Authors: Igersheim Herrade 
Published: January 2023

Bien que relevant de la philosophie politique et morale, il est bien connu que Théorie de la justice a également eu un grand impact sur les économistes. À ce titre, Rawls a beaucoup insisté sur sa volonté de combiner économie et philosophie, en particulier via la théorie du choix rationnel, affirmant notamment que « la théorie de la justice est une partie, peut-être même la plus importante, de la théorie du choix rationnel » (Rawls [1971]). Après la publication de Théorie de la justice, certains aspects de celle-ci ont fait l’objet de critiques – souvent très véhémentes – de la part d’économistes tels que Arrow [1973], Musgrave [1974], Harsanyi [1975] et plus tard Sen [1980]. Les réponses immédiates de Rawls ([1974a], [1974b] en particulier) indiquent qu’il a tout d’abord souhaité maintenir un dialogue avec les économistes, mais les évolutions ultérieures de ses travaux ([1993], [2001]) ont clairement démontré qu’il s’était éloigné de la théorie économique, revenant à la philosophie afin de surmonter les incohérences internes de sa théorie. Dans cet article, en me concentrant principalement sur les échanges épistolaires entre Rawls et les économistes avant et après la publication de Théorie de la justice, je tente de mettre en lumière d’autres éléments (complémentaires) qui peuvent expliquer le retrait de Rawls vis-à-vis de l’économie, et son désenchantement progressif quant à la possibilité d’un dialogue sur un pied d’égalité entre économistes et philosophes. JEL Codes: B21, B31, D63.
Involvement of Parathyroid Gland in COVID-19
Authors: Niranjan R. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Parathyroid glands are yellow brown, small and soft. Typically four parathyroids are present in posterior surface of thyroid. Parathyroid’s numeral, size and site is inconstant. Corona virus disease-19(COVID-19) is a major problem all over world and aim of this study is to discuss possible involvement of parathyroid in COVID-19.Materials and methods: The previous studies were used for this review study.Results and discussions: The COVID-19 mainly causes pulmonary injury and respiratory failure. Virus was chiefly detected in respiratory pathway, gastrointestinal tract, sweat gland, pituitary, pancreas, adrenal, renal, parathyroid, liver and cerebrum. Nearly 65% of COVID-19 patients had hypocalcaemia. Advanced age and hypocalcaemia were bad prognostic factors for COVID-19 patients. Hypocalcaemia might be due to vitamin-D deficit, decreased bowel absorption of calcium, diminished secretion or response to parathyroid hormone (PTH). The PTH rises serum calcium by discharge calcium by osteoclastic activity, calcium reabsortion in nephron. Vitamin-D encourage reabsorption of dietary calcium. Thus inadequate Vitamin-D excites parathyrood to discharge more PTH. Normal and abnormal parathyroids are identified by their size, form, consistency and histological judgments. There was association between size of parathyroid and PTH level. Glands of black populations were longer than white groups. Larger parathyroid secrets more PTH and might has greater number of chief cells. Microscopically quantity of fatty tissues and oxyphil cells rise in elders. Both transitional and oxyphil cells secrets PTH to extensive parathyroid stimulation.Conclusion: Size of all parathyroids, patient’s age, oxyphil cells amount, ethnicity, amount of PTH and Vitamin-D determines the serum calcium level in COVID-19.
An Innate Checkpoint Determines Immune Dysregulation and Immunopathology during Pulmonary Murine Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Grabherr Sarah , Waltenspühl Alexandra , Büchler Lorina , Lütge Mechthild , Cheng Hung-Wei , Caviezel-Firner Sonja , Ludewig Burkhard , Krebs Philippe , Pikor Natalia B 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hallmarks of life-threatening, coronavirus-induced disease include dysregulated antiviral immunity and immunopathological tissue injury. Nevertheless, the sampling of symptomatic patients overlooks the initial inflammatory sequela culminating in severe coronavirus-induced disease, leaving a fundamental gap in our understanding of the early mechanisms regulating anticoronavirus immunity and preservation of tissue integrity. In this study, we delineate the innate regulators controlling pulmonary infection using a natural mouse coronavirus. Within hours of infection, the cellular landscape of the lung was transcriptionally remodeled altering host metabolism, protein synthesis, and macrophage maturation. Genetic perturbation revealed that these transcriptional programs were type I IFN dependent and critically controlled both host cell survival and viral spread. Unrestricted viral replication overshooting protective IFN responses culminated in increased IL-1β and alarmin production and triggered compensatory neutrophilia, interstitial inflammation, and vascular injury. Thus, type I IFNs critically regulate early viral burden, which serves as an innate checkpoint determining the trajectory of coronavirus dissemination and immunopathology.
Duck MARCH8 Negatively Regulates the RLR Signaling Pathway through K29-Linked Polyubiquitination of MAVS
Authors: Chen Zuxian , Wang Yingying , Song Yating , Song Sumei , He Zhuoliang , Feng Siyu , Li Weiqiang , Ding Yangbao , Zhang Junsheng , Zhao Luxiang , Jiao Peirong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a key adaptor in cellular innate immunity. Ubiquitination plays an important role in regulating MAVS-mediated innate immune responses; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying ubiquitination of MAVS have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we first identified the mitochondria-resident E3 ligase duck membrane-associated RING-CH 8 (duMARCH8) in ducks as a negative regulator of duck MAVS (duMAVS). Overexpression of duMARCH8 impaired the duMAVS-mediated signaling pathway, whereas knockdown of duMARCH8 resulted in the opposite effects. The suppression was due to duMARCH8 interacting with duMAVS and degrading it in a proteasome-dependent manner. We further found that duMARCH8 interacted with the 176–619 regions of duMAVS. Moreover, duMARCH8 catalyzed the K29-linked polyubiquitination of duMAVS at Lys 398 to inhibit the MAVS-mediated signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings reveal a new strategy involving MARCH8 that targets the retinoic acid–inducible gene-I–like receptor signaling pathway to regulate innate immune responses in ducks.
Designing a conceptual model for dynamic empowerment of medical science education managers
Authors: Bagheri Mehdi , Shayan Shahram , Jowkar Fariba 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Educational managers at universities of medical sciences are the suppliers of human resources to the healthcare system. Thus, attention to their professional empowerment can play a prominent role in improving the quality of medical science education.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was implemented through the method of modeling and in the three stages of conceptual, modeling, and validation. The research environment was the medical science universities of Iran and the sampling method was purposive. The two qualitative approaches of literature review and semi-structured interview were used to develop the components of the model. The results were then integrated, the relationships between the components were investigated, and the model was eventually finalized. The resulting scores were analyzed using MicMac software.

RESULTS:
Twelve categories and 20 subcategories were identified in the first micro-study (desk research). Qualitative analysis of the interviews in the second stage led to the identification of 21 subcategories and seven categories. Components of the conceptual model were extracted from the results of the two first stages, both of which were aimed at the extraction of concepts relevant to dynamic empowerment of medical science educational managers, and the conceptual model for dynamic empowerment of medical science education managers was designed in the six categories of education, decision-making, organization, belief, dynamic capabilities, and environment after the interactions between the components were studied.

CONCLUSIONS:
Results of the present study revealed that dynamic empowerment of the managers is a multifaceted and multidimensional concept, and all of the factors incorporated in the conceptual model for dynamic empowerment of managers must receive special attention.
Effective components of teachers' professionalism in viewpoints of various stakeholders
Authors: Keshmiri Fatemeh , Jambarsang Sara , Mehrparvar Amir Houshang 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
The teacher must conduct educational responsibilities in the best way by observing the ethical principles to meet students' educational needs. The aim of the study was to investigate the main factors of professionalism among faculty members from the viewpoints of various stakeholders including learners, peers, and educational officials, as well as the components were assessed from the viewpoints of the stakeholders.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a descriptive analytical study conducted in two phases. In the first phase, a questionnaire was developed and validated to assess the professional behavior of faculty members. In the second phase, the evaluation of the teachers' professional behavior was done from the viewpoint of various stakeholders, including learners, middle and senior education managers and peers. The participants were faculty members from 10 schools enrolled in the study by census (n = 427). To extract the factors that constitute professional behavior in faculty members, exploratory factor analysis was used. Data were summarized using descriptive indices (mean, standard deviation, and percent). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to extract the factors that constitute professional behavior in faculty members. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software (version 23.0).

RESULTS:
In the first phase, the questionnaire with 11 items was developed. The validity and reliability of the tool was confirmed. The mean (SD) of the faculty members' scores was 4.54(±0.34), with a minimum score of 2.33 and a maximum score of 5.00. The highest scores of faculty members were reported in the items of “altruism to colleagues and students” and the lowest scores were related to “feedback seeking and feedback acceptance”. Professional behavior was categorized under two domains: accountability to professional duties and adherence to professional values. Fifty percent of the participants followed the adherence to professional values (P = 0.22), but less than 50% of the individuals followed the adherence to professional duties significantly (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION:
The results of the present study showed that adherence to professional duties was low in faculty members. Assessment of individuals' adherence in these two domains showed that faculty members' compliance in the domain of accountability to professional duties was significantly lower.
The relationship between personality traits and learning styles in medical education students at Iran University of Medical Sciences: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sohrabi Zohreh , Bigdeli Shoaleh , Nadjafi Shabnam 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
The relationship between personality traits and learning styles is an attractive subject for researchers. “Learning Style” indicates on a method of education for effective studying. The Kolb's Learning Style is a known theory in the field of learning style. The Kolb's four learning styles include: Divergent, convergent, assimilating, and accommodating. Furthermore, personality, known as relatively fixed and durable characteristics that distinguish people from each other, and personality contains five broad identified traits of extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. In this study, we intended to evaluate the relationship between personality traits and learning styles in medical education students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This research was an observational analytic cross-sectional study that was conducted on medical education students at Iran University of Medical Sciences, between 2018 and 2019, and 31 students were participated as volunteers. NEO Five-Factor Inventory and the Kolb's learning style inventory (version 3.1) were used to evaluate the students' personality traits and learning styles, respectively. The simple and multiple analysis of multinomial logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:
The results indicated that if one unit would be added to the score of the “Extraversion” personality trait, the estimated odds, by which the student's learning style would become “Accommodating” rather than “Assimilating,” is 1.3 times more than the basic condition, in which “Extraversion” score would be remained unchanged (P = 0.035).

CONCLUSION:
It seems that “Accommodating” learning style might be related to “Extraversion” personality trait in medical education students. However, researches with a larger population are suggested.