bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistency of the Actual Prerequisites for the Movement of Law as a New Direction in the Development of the Theory of Legal Facts
Authors: Bakirova D. M. 
Published: May 2023

Relevance. The theory of legal facts, despite the rather long period of its formation and subsequent development, is currently not fully developed and requires constant attention from representatives of both the general theory of law and individual legal branches. Recently, the idea of the possibility of constructing various sets of legal facts based on a systematic approach has appeared and attracts increasing attention, which can have a positive impact on the process of forming a system of law. The concept of “large actual system” was introduced, but up to the present time it remains in the state of a general idea (concept).The purpose is to substantiate the system of views regarding the consistency of the actual prerequisites as a promising direction in the development of the theory of legal facts.Objectives are to approach; identify the goals of the formation of large actual systems; identify similarities and differences between actual compositions and actual systems as varieties of actual associations; substantiate the need for further development of the property of the systematic nature of legal facts.Methodology. The study was conducted using the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, as well as methods of analysis, comparison, formal logical methods.Results. The results of the study are essential in relation to the further development and improvement of the theory of legal facts as a system of ideas regarding the actual basis of legal regulation.Conclusion. The actual compositions and systems are formed using the principles of the systems approach. The difference between them lies in the difference in their functional purpose. The development of the system property of factual prerequisites is a promising direction in the development of the theory of legal facts.
Criteria for the Effective Application of Competitive Procedures to Meet State and Municipal Needs
Authors: Den De Un 
Published: May 2023

Relevance. When concluding contracts with state and municipal customers, it is mandatory to carry out formalized procedures aimed at determining the counterparty. Low efficiency of trade and non-trade procurement methods entails irrational expenditure of budget funds and other valuable resources.The purpose of this work is to propose criteria for the effective use of competitive procedures aimed at meeting state and municipal needs.Objectives: on the basis of empirical material to determine the conditions under which the maximum efficiency of competitive methods of determining a supplier for state and municipal needs is achieved.Methodology: general scientific methods of analysis and induction, observation and forecasting were used in the work. The results. The article assesses the effectiveness of the current model of the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works and services for state and municipal needs. The study evaluates the importance of such indicators as the price and quality of goods (work or services), their prevalence, the level of competition in the relevant economic sphere and region, the costs of conducting a competitive procedure.The statistical data of the Federal Tax Service on the number of registered business entities in various federal districts are presented, which allow us to come to the conclusion that there is a need for a differentiated approach to conducting competitive procedures, taking into account the indicator characterizing the number of business entities and competition in the region.It is noted that when determining the effectiveness of the use of tenders and auctions, it is necessary to take into account the associated economic and organizational costs.Conclusion. Bidding, being one of the types of competitive procedures, has a specific range of its application. The author formulates and substantiates the conclusion that the criteria for the effective application of competitive procedures to meet state and municipal needs include: upper and lower price limits; socio-economic situation in the region of the conclusion and execution of the contract; the scope of business activity of the counterparty.
Scientific Views of Russian Civilists of the Late XIX – Early XX Century on the Conclusion of Contracts Using the Telephone and Telegraph
Authors: Trofimov A. A. 
Published: May 2023

Relevance. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, Russia was undergoing a transition to the third technological order based on the use of electricity, which led to the use of the telephone and telegraph for the conclusion of civil law contracts. The use of technical means for the remote (remote) conclusion of contracts in civil circulation required a scientific understanding of the theoretical and practical problems arising in connection with this. Currently, the world is undergoing a transition to a new technological order based on the digitalization of social relations. Contracts are concluded remotely through the use of the digital environment, which requires a doctrinal understanding of the issues of using digital means of communication in civil law relations. Scientific concepts about the remote conclusion of contracts using technical means, formulated by Russian pre-revolutionary civilists, can be used in the science of civil law at the present time. Their application is possible for the development of theoretical provisions regarding the conclusion of contracts using digital communication tools.The purpose of the study is a comprehensive review of the scientific views of Russian civilists of the late XIX - early XX century on the conclusion of contracts using the telephone and telegraph.Objectives: analysis of scientific concepts on the genesis of the development of theoretical ideas about the conclusion of civil law contracts using telephone and telegraph in the works of pre-revolutionary Russian civilists: on the legal nature of actions when concluding contracts using telephone and telegraph; about the features of the conclusion, content, subject composition, form of contracts concluded using the telephone and telegraph; on solving the problems of legal liability associated with telegraph errors in pre-revolutionary civil law.Methodology. In the process of working on the study, methods of synthesis, analysis, induction, deduction, historical and legal, comparative legal, and logical were used. Results. In the course of the study, the scientific views of Russian pre-revolutionary civilists of the late XIX - early XX centuries on the problem of concluding contracts using the telephone and telegraph were revealed.Conclusin. The issue of concluding contracts using the telephone and telegraph in the late 19th - early 20th century was debatable and was the subject of a comprehensive study in Russian pre-revolutionary civil law.
On Compensation for Moral Damage in Cases of Protection of Honor, Dignity and Business Reputation: Theoretical and Law Enforcement Aspects
Authors: Sheluhin K. Y. , Surkov A. N. , Кorotkih O. A. 
Published: May 2023

Relevance. The article examines the problem of compensation for moral damage as one of the ways to protect honor, dignity and business reputation in accordance with Art. 151 «Compensation for moral damage» of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Doctrinal approaches to the concept of moral damage and other categories of this institute have been studied, an assessment of the trends in law enforcement practice for resolving such disputes is given. The work reflected new explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in cases of recovery of compensation for moral damage, as well as the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, which recognized Article 151 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as unconstitutional in part.The purpose of the study is to deepen scientific knowledge of moral harm as a way to protect honor, dignity and business reputation and to develop theoretical and legislative proposals aimed at the uniform application of compensation for moral damage in such cases.Objectives: to analyze reviews of judicial practice, decisions on claims for recovery of moral damage, legal positions of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation and to identify gaps in the methods of protection of these intangible benefits of a citizen.The methodology was compiled by general scientific (deductions, induction, analysis and synthesis) and private scientific methods (formal-legal, logical, analysis of judicial practice, system-analytical) in their various combination.The results contain original proposals of a theoretical, applied and legislative nature, contributing to the effectiveness of the institution of moral damage as a way of compensation for unlawful actions against the honor, dignity and business reputation of a citizen.Conclusion. The author's position is formulated on the inexpediency of the principle of "presumption of moral damage" and the need to modernize the version of Art. Art. 151 and 1099 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in terms of excluding restrictions on the collection of moral damage caused to a person in relation to property damage. It is stated that there is judicial discretion in determining the amount of compensation for non-pecuniary damage, the limitation of which is possible taking into account the criteria outlined in the new resolution № 33.
Prediction of Chronic Stress and Protective Factors in Adults: Development of an Interpretable Prediction Model Based on XGBoost and SHAP Using National Cross-sectional DEGS1 Data
Authors: Bozorgmehr Arezoo , Weltermann Birgitta 
Published: May 2023

Background
Chronic stress is highly prevalent in the German population. It has known adverse effects on mental health, such as burnout and depression. Known long-term effects of chronic stress are cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.

Objective
This study aims to derive an interpretable multiclass machine learning model for predicting chronic stress levels and factors protecting against chronic stress based on representative nationwide data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults, which is part of the national health monitoring program.

Methods
A data set from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults study including demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 5801 participants was analyzed. A multiclass eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was constructed to classify participants into 3 categories including low, middle, and high chronic stress levels. The model’s performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, precision, recall, specificity, and the F1-score. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanations was used to interpret the prediction XGBoost model and to identify factors protecting against chronic stress.

Results
The multiclass XGBoost model exhibited the macroaverage scores, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 81%, precision of 63%, recall of 52%, specificity of 78%, and F1-score of 54%. The most important features for low-level chronic stress were male gender, very good general health, high satisfaction with living space, and strong social support.

Conclusions
This study presents a multiclass interpretable prediction model for chronic stress in adults in Germany. The explainable artificial intelligence technique SHapley Additive exPlanations identified relevant protective factors for chronic stress, which need to be considered when developing interventions to reduce chronic stress.
Adapting Transportation Planning e-Tools to Older Adults’ Needs: Scoping Review
Authors: Tahir Sahar , Abdulrazak Bessam , Baillargeon Dany , Girard Catherine , Provencher Véronique 
Published: May 2023

Background
Aging is often accompanied by a decrease in physical and sensory capacities and financial resources, which makes travel and the use of public transport a big challenge for older adults. These mobility limitations may prevent them from going out for groceries, medical appointments, or entertainment, which increases the risk of social isolation. A key element in helping older adults to maintain healthy aging and social engagement is to foster autonomy, freedom, and active mobility. A transportation planning e-tool can provide older adults with information about transport and trip options. There are many transportation planning e-tools, but little is known about whether and how their characteristics and functionalities address older adults’ needs and preferences.

Objective
This study aims to map existing transportation e-tools and identify gaps to be filled in order to match their functionalities with older adults’ needs and preferences.

Methods
A scoping review of existing transportation planning e-tools was conducted based on the approach developed by Arksey and O’Malley. A search in the scientific literature (Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SocINDEX, and ERIC) as well as gray literature (TRID Database, Google Scholar, Proquest, Google Play, etc) was conducted in June 2020 and updated 3 times; in September 2021, December 2021, and May 2022. After the studies were selected, a comparative analysis was performed by 2 evaluators; an occupational therapy student and a computer science student. These e-tools were analyzed with respect to some characteristics (eg, tool’s development status, target customers, and geographic coverage) as well as 10 functionalities (time autonomy, walkability, crowd avoidance, incline avoidance, weather consideration, dark avoidance, winter obstacles avoidance, amenities inclusion, taxi driver’s information, and support affordance) that we defined based on older adults’ needs and preferences (mainly Canadians). These needs were identified from a literature review and confirmed by workshops (focus groups).

Results
The scientific and gray literature search yielded 463 sources, and 42 transportation e-tools were included. None of the e-tools reviewed addresses all 10 functionalities. More specifically, functionalities such as dark avoidance and support affordance were not addressed by any of the included e-tools.

Conclusions
Most of the e-tools currently available to plan trips do not address older adults’ needs and preferences. The results of this scoping review helped fill this gap by identifying functionalities to include in transportation planning e-tools designed to promote active aging. The findings of this study highlight the need to use a multicriteria optimization algorithm to address older adults’ mobility needs and preferences.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/33894
The Usability of a Touchpad Active Video Game Controller for Individuals With Impaired Mobility: Observational Study
Authors: Mendonca Christen J , Malone Laurie A , Mohanraj Sangeetha , Thirumalai Mohanraj 
Published: May 2023

Background
Video games are a popular sedentary activity among people with impaired mobility; however, active video game hardware typically lacks accessibility and customization options for individuals with mobility impairments. A touchpad video game system can elicit moderate physical activity in healthy adults; however, it is unclear if this system is usable by adults with impaired mobility.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess the usability of a touchpad video game controller system adapted for adults with impaired mobility. Additional outcomes explored were enjoyment, perceived exertion, self-efficacy, participant feedback, and researcher observations of gameplay.

Methods
Participants played several video game titles for 20 minutes with a touchpad video game controller as they stood or sat in a chair or their wheelchair. Usability was assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale (Health-ITUES) surveys after gameplay. After each video game, participants reported enjoyment using a visual analog scale (0 to 100 mm) and a rating of perceived exertion using the OMNI 0 to 10 scale. Self-efficacy was measured before and after gameplay. Participants provided feedback at the end of their session.

Results
In total, 21 adults (6 females and 15 males) with a mean age of 48.8 (SD 13.8) years with various mobility impairments participated in this study. The touchpads received mean usability scores on the SUS 80.1 (SD 18.5) and Health-ITUES 4.23 (SD 0.67).

Conclusions
The SUS scores reported suggest the touchpad system is “usable”; however, the Health-ITUES scores were slightly below a suggested benchmark. Participants reported moderate to high enjoyment but perceived the exertion as “somewhat easy.” Self-efficacy was moderate to high and did not differ pre- to postgame play. The participants regarded the touchpads as novel, fun, and entertaining. The generalizability of our results is limited due to the heterogenous sample; however, our participants identified several areas of improvement for future iteration.
Seesaw Effect Between COVID-19 and Influenza From 2020 to 2023 in World Health Organization Regions: Correlation Analysis
Authors: Wang Qing , Jia Mengmeng , Jiang Mingyue , Liu Wei , Yang Jin , Dai Peixi , Sun Yanxia , Qian Jie , Yang Weizhong , Feng Luzhao 
Published: May 2023

Background
Seasonal influenza activity showed a sharp decline in activity at the beginning of the emergence of COVID-19. Whether there is an epidemiological correlation between the dynamic of these 2 respiratory infectious diseases and their future trends needs to be explored.

Objective
We aimed to assess the correlation between COVID-19 and influenza activity and estimate later epidemiological trends.

Methods
We retrospectively described the dynamics of COVID-19 and influenza in 6 World Health Organization (WHO) regions from January 2020 to March 2023 and used the long short-term memory machine learning model to learn potential patterns in previously observed activity and predict trends for the following 16 weeks. Finally, we used Spearman correlation coefficients to assess the past and future epidemiological correlation between these 2 respiratory infectious diseases.

Results
With the emergence of the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 and other variants, influenza activity stayed below 10% for more than 1 year in the 6 WHO regions. Subsequently, it gradually rose as Delta activity dropped, but still peaked below Delta. During the Omicron pandemic and the following period, the activity of each disease increased as the other decreased, alternating in dominance more than once, with each alternation lasting for 3 to 4 months. Correlation analysis showed that COVID-19 and influenza activity presented a predominantly negative correlation, with coefficients above –0.3 in WHO regions, especially during the Omicron pandemic and the following estimated period. The diseases had a transient positive correlation in the European region of the WHO and the Western Pacific region of the WHO when multiple dominant strains created a mixed pandemic.

Conclusions
Influenza activity and past seasonal epidemiological patterns were shaken by the COVID-19 pandemic. The activity of these diseases was moderately or greater than moderately inversely correlated, and they suppressed and competed with each other, showing a seesaw effect. In the postpandemic era, this seesaw trend may be more prominent, suggesting the possibility of using one disease as an early warning signal for the other when making future estimates and conducting optimized annual vaccine campaigns.
STRATEGI OPTIMALISASI PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM RUJUK BALIK PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS PESERTA BPJS KESEHATAN DI PUSKESMAS KECAMATAN PANCORAN
Authors: Dianingsih Tita Meitia , Adi Utarini  , Haryo Bismantara  
Published: May 2023

Background: The Back-Referral Program for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients in the health system in Indonesia demands the role of the Community Health Center in its implementation. The Pancoran Community Health Center seeks to answer the need for Referral Program by innovating service development in the form of an optimization strategy for Referral Program implementation, including increasing Prolanis participants and taking Referral Program prescriptions through clinical teleconsultation. Various factors influencing the success of the Referral Program, including the effectiveness of the innovations implemented, have not yet been evaluated in depth.
Objective: Exploring the factors influencing the continuity of Back-Referral Program patient visits and evaluating strategies for optimizing Back-Referral Program implementation at the Pancoran Community Health Center.
Methods: The research design used is Mixed-Method, sequential explanatory. The research was conducted at the Pancoran Community Health Center, with quantitative research subjects being DM patients who visited to take referral program prescriptions for 2020-2021, with as many as 69 people. The qualitative research subjects were ten patients registered as back-referral program participants in 2021-March 2022, chosen by a purposive sampling technique. In the quantitative study, secondary data were taken from medical records and analyzed in a simple descriptive manner using statistical analysis software. Qualitative research conducted indepth interviews, analyzed through coding, and interpreted descriptively.
Results: There is no relationship between increasing the continuity of the Back-Referral Program 2020-2021 and Prolanis participation or taking Back-Referral Program prescriptions through clinical teleconsultation. The increase in the continuity of Back-Referral Program patient visits was not related to the characteristics of the patient’s gender, age, domicile, educational level, and occupation. There are supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of The Back-Referral Program. Such as the level of satisfaction of patients consulting general practitioners, staff hospitality, easy access to services and information, patient-staff communication, infrastructure, drug availability, family and work support, budget flexibility, waiting time, and health conditions patient.
Conclusion: The increase in the continuity of DM patient visits taking Back-Referral Program prescriptions in 2020-2021 is not significantly related to optimization strategies and variations in patient characteristics. Based on patient perceptions, supporting and inhibiting factors for Back-Referral Program implementation were identified. Comprehensive steps are needed to optimize Back-Referral Program in the short, medium, and long-term stages, including the potential for using new programs based on patient perception.
EVALUATION OF A COMBINATION OF GINGIVAL PHYSIOTHERAPY, FLOSSING, AND BRUSHING TECHNIQUE THROUGH IN-OFFICE OBSERVATION
Authors: BHATNAGAR ANAND , BHATNAGAR EVA 
Published: May 2023

Objective: Oral physiotherapy is described as the maintenance of oral hygiene, and its goal is the daily, full elimination of plaque with the least amount of work, time, and equipment feasible.
Methods: Materials and procedures In order to evaluate the brushing time, the effective duration of brushing, the brushing pattern, the order of sextants, and the use of dental floss, 30 patients aged 18 to 65 were divided into two groups, one without prior instruction, and the other in which the technique of modified Stillman brushing and flossing was explained to them.
Results: Despite instruction in hygiene techniques, better results of instruction were found in the control group.
Conclusion: Brushing technique was clearly preserved in the control group, although 10% had deficiencies. With this method, we can demonstrate the effectiveness of teaching a certain brushing technique only to typodont patients, probably, some additional method would strengthen the oral physiotherapy skills of the patient.