bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic states for kink–meson scattering
Authors: Evslin Jarah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe definition of a quantum state corresponding to a wave packet far from a global soliton is considered. We define an asymptotic quantum state corresponding to a localized wave packet of elementary quanta far from a kink. We demand that the state satisfies two properties. First, it must evolve in time via a rigid translation of the wave packet, up to the usual wave packet spreading and corrections which are exponentially suppressed in the distance to the kink. Second, the state must be invariant under a simultaneous translation of the kink and the wave packet. We explicitly construct the leading quantum corrections to an asymptotic state consisting of a meson approaching a kink. We expect this construction to readily generalize to elementary quanta in the presence of any global soliton.
Generating a Murine PTEN Null Cell Line to Discover the Key Role of p110β-PAK1 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Invasion
Authors: Wang Haizhen , Zhou Yu , Chu Chen , Xiao Jialing , Zheng Shanshan , Korpal Manav , Korn Joshua M. , Penaloza Tiffany , Drake Richard R. , Gan Wenjian , Gao Xueliang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Although androgen deprivation treatment often effectively decreases prostate cancer, incurable metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually occurs. It is important to understand how CRPC metastasis progresses, which is not clearly defined. The loss of PTEN, a phosphatase to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in the PI3K pathway, occurs in up to 70% to 80% of CRPC. We generated a mouse androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line (PKO) from PTEN null and Hi-Myc transgenic mice in C57BL/6 background. We confirmed that this PKO cell line has an activated PI3K pathway and can metastasize into the femur and tibia of immunodeficient nude and immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, we found that androgen deprivation significantly enhanced PKO cell migration/invasion via the p110β isoform-depended PAK1-MAPK activation. Inhibition of the p110β-PAK1 axis significantly decreased prostate cancer cell migration/invasion. Of note, our analysis using clinical samples showed that PAK1 is more activated in CRPC than in advanced prostate cancer; high PAK1/phosphorylated-PAK1 levels are associated with decreased survival rates in patients with CRPC. All the information suggests that this cell line reflects the characteristics of CRPC cells and can be applied to dissect the mechanism of CRPC initiation and progression. This study also shows that PAK1 is a potential target for CRPC treatment.

Implications:
This study uses a newly generated PTEN null prostate cancer cell line to define a critical functional role of p110β-PAK1 in CRPC migration/invasion. This study also shows that the p110β-PAK1 axis can potentially be a therapeutic target in CRPC metastasis.
Association of Employment Disruptions and Financial Hardship Among Individuals Diagnosed with Cancer in the United States: Findings from a Nationally Representative Study
Authors: Halpern Michael T. , de Moor Janet S. , Han Xuesong , Zhao Jingxuan , Zheng Zhiyuan , Yabroff K. Robin 
Published: August 2023

Financial hardship (FH), defined as adverse patient effects due to cancer costs, is experienced by approximately half of individuals diagnosed with cancer. Many individuals diagnosed with cancer also experience disruptions with their employment. This study examines associations of employment disruptions and FH among a nationally representative sample of individuals diagnosed with cancer in the United States. We utilized 2016/2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Experiences with Cancer data from individuals who worked for pay following cancer diagnosis. Employment disruption included taking extended paid time off work; switching to part-time/less demanding jobs; and/or retiring early due to cancer diagnosis/treatment. FH domains included: material (e.g., borrowing money/financial sacrifices); psychologic (e.g., worrying about medical bills/income); and behavioral (delaying/forgoing healthcare services because of cost). Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined associations of employment disruption and FH. Among 732 individuals with a cancer history, 47.4% experienced employment disruptions; 55.9% experienced any FH. Any FH was significantly more common among individuals with versus without employment disruptions across multiple measures and domains (68.7% vs. 44.5%; P value of difference &lt;0.0001). Individuals with employment disruptions were more likely to have any FH [OR, 2.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62–3.52] and more FHs (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.96–3.89]. This study highlights that employment disruptions are common and significantly associated with multiple domains of FH among individuals with a cancer history. Employer workplace accommodation, physician discussions regarding potential impacts of cancer care on employment, and other policies to minimize employment disruptions among individuals diagnosed with cancer may reduce FH in this vulnerable population.

Significance:
Individuals diagnosed with cancer may have employment disruptions; they may also develop FHs. People with cancer who have employment changes are more likely to also have FHs. Physicians and employers can help individuals with cancer through advancing planning, workplace assistance, and improved medical leave and insurance policies.
Questioning Ethiopia’s University Education Philosophy
Authors: Ayalew Sisay Tamrat , Belay Degwale Gebeyehu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to explore the two contradictory debates about the educational philosophy of universities in the context of Ethiopia. It also explores how the understanding of the philosophy of university is shaped by environmental factors and exacerbates the marginalisation of youth. On the one hand, universities are perceived as places where knowledge, that can solve a certain problem. On the other hand, universities are places where knowledge is produced and disseminated irrespective of its immediate use value. This study found out that the understanding of the philosophy of education varies across time and place. In the Ethiopian context, there is neither a disinterested pursuit of knowledge nor the instrumentalist epistemology, nor a synthesis of the two. It disregards the value of knowledge altogether and overly simplified the philosophy of instrumentalist epistemology to extent of buying and selling certificates even in the absence of formal training.
Multiple Markov Chains for Categorial Drought Prediction on the U.S. Drought Monitor at Weekly Scale
Authors: Cao Junjun , Guan Fu , Zhang Xiang , Nam Won-Ho , Leng Guoyong , Gao Haoran , Ye Qingqing , Gu Xihui , Zeng Jiangyuan , Zhang Xu , Huang Tailai , Niyogi Dev 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Predicting drought severity is essential for drought management and early warning systems. Although numerous physical model-based and data-driven methods have been put forward for drought prediction, their abilities are largely constrained by data requirements and modeling complexity. There remains a challenging task to efficiently predict categorial drought, especially for the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM). Aiming at this issue, multiple Markov chains for USDM-based categorial drought prediction are successfully proposed and evaluated in this paper. In particular, this study concentrated on how the Markov order, step size, and training set length affected prediction accuracy (PA). According to experiments from 2000 to 2021, it was found that the 1-step and first-order Markov models had the best accuracy in predicting droughts up to 4 weeks ahead. The PA steadily dropped with increasing step size, and the average accuracy at monthly scale was 88%. In terms of seasonal variability, summer (July–August) had the lowest PA while winter had the highest (January–February). In comparison with the western region, the PA in the eastern United States is 25% higher. Moreover, the length of the training set had an obvious impact on the PA of the model. The PA in 1-step prediction was 87% and 78% under 20- and 5-yr training sets, respectively. The results of the study showed that Markov models predicted categorical drought with high accuracy in the short term and showed different performances on time and space scales. Proper use of Markov models would help disaster managers and policy makers to put mitigation policies and measures into practice.
Impact of exercise interventions on quality of life and depression in lung cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Ying , Bai Xuelian , Pan Chengwen 
Published: August 2023

Introduction Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Depression is also a common concern for lung cancer patients and is of concern because it negatively impacts overall well-being. This study summarizes the existing literature on the impact of exercise interventions on quality of life and depression in patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Methods A systematic search of electronic databases was performed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of exercise interventions on depression and quality of life in patients with lung cancer. Two evaluators collected information from the chosen studies utilizing a standardized data extraction form. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results Nine RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, with 798 participants. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for the effect of exercise interventions on depression was −0.60, representing a statistically significant reduction in depression levels following exercise interventions ( p < 0.001). The pooled SMD for the effect of exercise interventions on quality of life was 0.61, indicating a statistically significant association between quality of life and exercise interventions ( p < 0.001). Conclusion There is evidence that exercise may benefit the mental health of individuals with lung cancer, including improvements in depression symptoms and quality of life, based on the intervention studies reviewed here. Given the heterogeneity in findings, however, additional randomized controlled trials are needed to augment the existing findings. Nevertheless, there appears to be sufficient evidence for now to encourage primary care physicians to recommend exercise for patients with lung cancer, while offering guidelines on how to gradually and safely increase physical activity depending on the patient's health status.
Systematic Review: Safety and Efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Pregnant Women
Authors: Lam Julie Ngoc , Nehira Jeffrey , Phung Olivia , Deng Bin 
Published: August 2023

Since pregnant women were excluded from clinical trials for vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is limited data on the safety and efficacy of vaccines in this population. This systematic review explored the safety and efficacy of mRNA vaccines in pregnant women. A literature search was performed using Ovid databases through November 2021 for all studies evaluated efficacy and safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant women. A total of five studies including 42,782 women were included in the systematic review. Humoral immunity to COVID-19 was detected in pregnant women who received the vaccine and no differences found in spike-specific T-cell responses. Incidence of high-grade chronic villitis is higher in the unvaccinated group with adjusted odds ratio of .31 (.1-.97), P < .05. Vaccination in pregnant women resulted in 12.6% spontaneous abortions (SAB) with 92.3% occurring in the first trimester, .1% stillbirth (>20 weeks gestation), 9.4% preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation), and 2.2% congenital abnormalities. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are immunogenic in pregnant women and no obvious safety concerns observed. There is no increased incidence of adverse reactions in pregnant women. Our finding supports that pregnant women should receive the vaccination at their earliest convenience regardless of trimester.
Experiences of violence among people with stimulant use disorder in psychiatric inpatient settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Tennant Matthew , Crowe Marie , Foulds James 
Published: August 2023

Objective To describe the perspectives of those with lived experience of stimulant use disorder on methamphetamine-related violence in psychiatric inpatient settings. Method Eight adult psychiatric inpatients with stimulant use disorder were recruited. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Results Participants reported that traumatic experiences predisposed those using methamphetamine to violent behaviour. Participants were fearful of psychiatric hospitalisation because of loss of autonomy and stigma. Methamphetamine use was associated with mercurial intense emotions. Participants believed these factors led to violence during psychiatric admissions. Conclusions People with stimulant use disorder have a sophisticated understanding of the complex causal pathways from methamphetamine use to violent behaviour. Their lived experience can make an important contribution to service development.
Understanding the Role of Sport Values on Social Capital and Word-of-Mouth on the Internet: A Case Study of Esports Games
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago , Calapez André , Almeida Victor , Matsuoka Hirotaka 
Published: August 2023

Background Due to the social nature of esports (i.e., organized video game competitions), recognizing common values and norms can be leveraged as a positive driver in online gaming communities. Different game categories such as sports simulation (i.e., esports based on real-life sport events) are driving their expansion through social interactions that foster new relationships among players, known as social capital (i.e., value created from social connections, relationships, and networks within the gaming community). Despite recent studies showing the social role of esports (e.g., on satisfaction, loyalty, or well-being), little empirically derived insight exists regarding its sport values, social capital formation and positive word-of-mouth in different gamer communities on the Internet. Aim This study aims to achieve two objectives: (a) to examine how sports values (excellence, friendship and respect) influence the in-game social capital formation (bridging and bonding) and word-of-mouth intention by the esports players; and (b) to determine whether differences occur according to sports simulation and non-simulation games. Method Data were collected among esports players (n = 509), and the results were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test hypothesized relationships between the constructs and multigroup analysis to verify if the path coefficients differ among both game groups. Results Friendship value was the strongest predictor of bonding and bridging capital formation in both groups. The excellence value showed a positive effect on strong social ties created towards non-simulation games, while playing well or reaching high in-game performance did not contribute to creating bonding capital in sports simulation games. Both bonding and bridging capital were strong predictors of behavioral intentions. Conclusion Social implications focus on cultivating the sportive values and enhancing social ties on player community as a way to share good experiences or to talk positively about the game. Esports industry should consider the well-established and mediating construct of social capital, strengthening in-game bonding, and bridging relations as a broader theoretical basis.
Investigation of indoor air quality in coal-heating rural residential buildings in Northern China based on longtime monitoring
Authors: Dong Shengming , Luo Yao , Hu Xiaowei , Zhu Weijia 
Published: August 2023

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is closely related to resident health and has been drawing extensive consideration from academics as well as government regulators. However, few studies have quantitatively investigated IAQ in rural buildings during the heating period, in which the resident time indoors is relatively longer. This study has monitored and quantitatively analyzed the indoor air parameters (temperature, CO2, formaldehyde and PM2.5) of 20 rural houses in Northern China during the heating season (15 days out of 120). After quantitatively analyzing the IAQ parameters, the Pearson correlation model was also adopted to evaluate the relationships between them. Results showed that only 4 households could keep the indoor temperature above 18°C for more than 50% of the heating period. Additionally, there were 7, 2 and 18 households, of which the over-standard time of CO2, formaldehyde and PM2.5 took up more than 40%. The concentration of indoor PM2.5 was higher than outdoors most of the time. Therefore, indoor PM2.5 was mainly caused by indoor activities rather than transported from outside. Correlation analysis showed that CO2 was positively correlated with formaldehyde and PM2.5 in 16 and 12 households.
Factors associated with the download and use of mobile personal health record applications in Korean hospitals
Authors: Kim Hyeon Seok , Lee Dahye , Kim Kee Nyun , Kim Sang Mi , Park Young-Taek 
Published: August 2023

The use of mobile personal health records (m-PHR) has been little studied at the organizational level. This study was to investigate the relationships of various hospital-related factors with m-PHR use in Korean hospitals. Downloads of m-PHR applications for 101 hospitals were examined from May 26 to 30 June 2022. The dependent variable was the number of m-PHR downloads, and the major independent variables included six technological, organizational, and environmental factors. As technological factors, the number of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imagery devices were significantly associated with downloads (RR = 1.119, CI = 1.022–1.226, p = 0.016; and RR = 1.155; 95% CI = 1.024–1.302, p = 0.019, respectively). At the organizational level, the number of physicians, adjusting for the number of beds, and the number of medical information management staff showed significant associations (RR = 1.059, CI = 1.019–1.100, p = 0.004; and RR = 1.026, CI = 1.002–1.050, p = 0.033, respectively). From an environmental standpoint, downloads were positively associated with the proportion of the local population of working age (20–59 years) (RR = 1.102, CI 1.022–1.189, p = 0.012). Healthcare policymakers should pay close attention to these factors to advocate for the widespread use of m-PHR applications.
Management of intracranial arterial stenosis during mechanical thrombectomy: Survey of neuro-interventionalists
Authors: Kasab Sami Al , Nelson Ashley , Fargen Kyle , Nguyen Thanh , Derdeyn Colin , Mokin Maxim , Essibayi Muhammed A , Grandhi Ramesh , Zaidat Osama O , DeHavenon Adam 
Published: August 2023

Background The optimal management of emergent large vessel occlusion due to underlying intracranial stenosis (intracranial stenosis related large vessel occlusion) remains unknown. The primary aim of this survey analysis was to measure variation in the clinical management of intracranial stenosis related large vessel occlusion during mechanical thrombectomy. Methods A survey was designed using a web-based survey-building platform and distributed via the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery (SNIS) and the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (SVIN) websites for a response. Predictors of respondents’ level of comfortability stenting were estimated using a binomial logistic regression model. Results We received 105 responses to the survey. Most respondents (54.3%) practiced at an academic Stroke Center. Nearly half of the respondents (49%) had been practicing for 5 or more years independently after fellowship. An average of 54 mechanical thrombectomies were performed by each respondent annually. There was variation in the definition of intracranial stenosis related large vessel occlusion, number of passes performed before pursuing rescue stenting, as well as intra and post-procedural antiplatelet management. Of respondents, 58% felt rescue stenting was very risky, and 55.7% agreed that there was equipoise regarding emergent angioplasty and/or stenting versus medical therapy for intracranial stenosis related large vessel occlusion. Respondents who encountered intracranial stenosis related large vessel occlusion more frequently thought that rescue stenting was less risky. Conclusion There is notable variability in the diagnosis and management of intracranial stenosis related large vessel occlusion during mechanical thrombectomy. While most respondents felt rescue stenting was risky, the majority believed the benefit could outweigh the risk. The majority of respondents agreed that equipoise exists regarding the management of intracranial stenosis related large vessel occlusion, highlighting the need for clinical trials in this rare patient population.
Sound-induced analgesia cannot always be observed in adult mice
Authors: Chen Qi-Yu , Wan Jinjin , Wang Mianxian , Hong Shanshan , Zhuo Min 
Published: August 2023

Music seems promising as an adjuvant pain treatment in humans, while its mechanism remains to be illustrated. In rodent models of chronic pain, few studies reported the analgesic effect of music. Recently, Zhou et al. stated that the analgesic effects of sound depended on a low (5 dB) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) relative to ambient noise in mice. However, despite employing multiple behavioral analysis approaches, we were unable to extend these findings to a mice model of chronic pain listening to the 5 dB SNR.
Monitoring External Workload With Wearable Technology After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Scoping Review
Authors: Golberg Eric , Pinkoski Adam , Beaupre Lauren , Rouhani Hossein 
Published: August 2023

Background: Current sports medicine and rehabilitation trends indicate an increasing use of wearable technology. The ability of these devices to collect, transmit, and process physiological, biomechanical, bioenergy, and environmental data may aid in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) workload monitoring and return-to-sport decision-making. In addition, their ease of use allows assessments to occur outside the clinical or laboratory settings and across a broader timeline. Purpose: To (1) determine how wearable technology can assess external workload deficits between limbs (involved and uninvolved) and between groups (healthy controls vs patients with ACLR) during physical activity (PA) or sport and (2) describe the types of sensors, sensor specifications, assessment protocols, outcomes of interest, and participant characteristics from the included studies. Study Design: Scoping review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: In February 2023, a systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, Compendex, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. Eligible studies included assessments of PA or sports workloads via wearable technology after ACLR. Results: Twenty articles met eligibility criteria and were included. The primary activity assessed was activities of daily living, although rehabilitation, training, and competition were also represented. Accelerometers, global positioning system units, pedometers, and pressure sensor insoles were worn to collect external workload data, which was quantified as kinetic, kinematic, and temporospatial data. Daily steps (count) and moderate to vigorous PA (min/day or week) were the most common units of measurement. A limited number of studies included outcomes related to between-limb asymmetries. Conclusion: The findings of this scoping review highlight the versatility of wearable technologies to collect patients’ kinetic, kinematic, and temporospatial data and assess external workload outcomes after ACLR. In addition, some wearable technologies identified deficits in workload compared with healthy controls and between reconstructed and unaffected limbs.