bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health care professionals' perceptions towards the use of computerized clinical decision support systems in antimicrobial stewardship in Jordanian hospitals: A two institutional study
Authors: Albahar Fares , Abu-Farha Rana K , Alshogran Osama Y , Alhamad Hamza , Curtis Chris , Marriott John 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Understanding health care professionals' perceptions towards a Computerised Decision Support System (CDSS) may provide a platform for the determinants of successful adoption and implementation of CDSS. Therefore, this study examines health care professionals' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to adopting a CDSS for antibiotic prescribing in Jordanian hospitals.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals in Jordan's two tertiary and teaching hospitals (n = 254). The survey was adapted from a previous study and comprised demographic items and scales to measure perceptions of healthcare professionals towards the barriers and facilitators to the adoption of CDSS for antibiotic prescribing were developed. In addition, Uni and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to screen for factors affecting participants' awareness of using electronic prescribing and electronic health record systems in AMS.
Results
The majority (n = 84, 72.4%) were aware that electronic prescribing and electronic health record systems could be used to facilitate antibiotic use prescribing. The essential facilitator made CDSS available in a portable format (n = 224, 88.2%). While, insufficient training to use CDSS was the most significant barrier (n = 175, 68.9%). The female providers showed significantly lower awareness (P = 0.006) and the nurses significantly higher awareness (P = 0.041) about using electronic prescribing and electronic health record systems.
Conclusion
This study examined health care professionals' perceptions towards adopting CDSS in AMS. Results provide insight into the perceived barriers and facilitators to adopting CDSS in AMS.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards acute pain management in the prehospital setting and associated factors among emergency care providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zeleke Yared Getachew , Mekonnen Altayework , Gebre Kibatu , Gete Birhanu Chekol , Endeshaw Amanuel Sisay 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute pain is a predominant problem in the prehospital setting. Acute pain management in the prehospital setting requires precise and competent skills in practice—failure to assess and relieve pain results in multisystem effects that lead to poor patient prognosis. Emergency care providers should have adequate knowledge and develop good pain management practices. Limited information is documented on knowledge, attitude and practices about acute pain management among emergency care providers. This study aimed to assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of acute pain management in the prehospital setting and associated factors among emergency care providers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods
Quantitative cross-sectional study design was conducted among emergency care providers working in a prehospital setting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. One hundred forty-one participants were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and practice observation checklist, then entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis using a logistic regression model.
Results
Most participants had good knowledge, with 81 (63.8%) scoring above the mean value (64%). The mean percentage for pain management practice was 36%. Availability of pain medications and assessment for pain were factors significantly associated with pain management practice with an adjusted odds ratio of 7.98, 95% CI: 1.32–48.18 and 42.87, 95% CI: 12.7-144.7, respectively.
Conclusion
The results show that the knowledge regarding acute pain management is good, but the attitude and practice of emergency care providers are unfavourable and poor. Further research is indicated to assess the possible barriers and facilitators of acute pain management in the prehospital setting.
Heat shock proteins increase during a race with high exertional heat stroke incidence
Authors: III Virgilio Lopez , Hosokawa Yuri , Sekiguchi Yasuki , Wright Skylar N. , Sarwat Zoha , Bivona Joseph J. , Thornton Staci N. , Dadzie Ekow , Brown Cyrus , Dwarki Anupama , Jardine John F. , Adams William M. , Casa Douglas J. , Lee Elane C. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Circulating heat-inducible, heat-shock protein 72 [HSP72] responses to exercise-heat stress have been well studied as a potential biomarker of exertional heat illness susceptibility. However, little is known about the responses of other HSPs important to immune responses and pathophysiology. HSP27, -60, and -90 are fundamental HSPs important in cellular proteostasis and pathophysiology associated with immune dysregulation. Therefore, we aimed to characterize responses of HSP27, -60, and –90 during a race known to introduce extreme levels of exercise-heat stress that annually result in high incidences of exertional heat stroke.
Methods: Thirty participants (45.3±11.7 yr, 175.6±8.9 cm, 74.9±13.5 kg, 19.7±3.6 % body fat) registered to run in the Falmouth Road Race (Falmouth, MA) were recruited. Gastrointestinal temperature (TGI) and blood plasma HSP27, -60, and -90 (by commercially available ELISA) were measured at pre- (PRE) and post-race (POST).
Results: TGI, [HSP27], and [HSP90] increased at POST (p<0.05). HSP concentrations at POST did not correlate with TGI at POST (p>0.05). In conclusion, HSPs are important for constitutive cellular function and measurably increase circulation post-exercise-heat stress. Correlation between HSPs and pre- or post-event core temperature to determine utility as predictive biomarkers require further study.
Deep embedded clustering by relevant scales and genome-wide association study in autism
Authors: Ueno Fumihiko , Takahashi Ippei , Ohseto Hisashi , Onuma Tomomi , Narita Akira , Obara Taku , Ishikuro Mami , Murakami Keiko , Noda Aoi , Matsuzaki Fumiko , Metoki Hirohito , Tamiya Gen , Kure Shigeo , Kuriyama Shinichi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has heterogeneous phenotypic and genetic characteristics. Results from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with ASD. The association of these genetic variants with a single disease may be explained by a polygenic model in which the effects of each genetic variant are weak, yet contribute to the disease onset. When conducting GWAS with a certain sample size where no significant signal is produced, the signal will become increasingly difficult to identify if the sample size is reduced by dividing the patients. However, if ASD includes a subtype in which a small number of genes have a relatively strong influence, a subtype described by the oligogenic model, then it may be possible to identify some signals by dividing patients into phenotypically similar clusters and exploring genetic factors. To overcome ASD heterogeneity, we previously conducted cluster analyses of phenotypic variables from the Simons Simplex Collection dataset using k-means algorithm. In the present study, using a deep embedded clustering algorithm, we conducted cluster analyses of Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) datasets and performed GWAS of the clusters. We observed no significant associations in the conventional GWAS comparing all patients to all controls. However, in the GWAS, comparing patients divided into clusters with similar phenotypes to controls (cluster-based GWAS), we identified 90 chromosomal loci that satisfied the P < 5.0 × 10−8, several of which were located within or near previously reported candidate genes for ASD. Our findings suggest that ASD is an aggregation of etiologically heterogeneous subtypes, each of which has its own genetic architecture involving a smaller number of genetic loci than previously thought in addition to that explained by polygenic model.
Pre-diagnostic anti-EBV antibodies and primary liver cancer risk: a population-based nested case-control study in southern China
Authors: Du Yun , Yu Xia , Chang Ellen T. , Lian Shifeng , Wu Biaohua , Li Fugui , Chu Bing , Wei Kuangrong , Zhan Jiyun , Liang Xuejun , Ye Weimin , Ji Mingfang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
We aimed to investigate associations between pre-diagnostic anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies, including interactions with hepatitis B virus (HBV), and risk of primary liver cancer in southern China.
Methods
In a nested population-based case-control study, we measured pre-diagnostic immunoglobulin A (IgA) against EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) in 125 primary liver cancer cases and 2077 matched controls. We also explored the interaction between HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-EBV antibodies.
Results
Participants with positive EBNA1-IgA, positive VCA-IgA or single-positive anti-EBV antibodies had 50–60% greater risk of developing liver cancer, compared with seronegative subjects. The odds ratios (ORs) between the relative optical density of EBNA1-IgA and VCA-IgA and primary cancer, controlling for age and HBsAg, were 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17, 2.14) and 1.60 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.41), respectively. Subjects with both HBsAg and anti-EBV antibody seropositivity were at 50-fold increased risk compared with those negative for both biomarkers (OR: 50.67, 95% CI: 18.28, 140.46), yielding a relative excess risk due to interaction of 30.81 (95% CI: 3.42, 114.93).
Conclusion
Pre-diagnostic seropositivity for EBNA1-IgA and/or VCA-IgA was positively associated with primary liver cancer risk, especially in combination with HBsAg positivity. EBV may interact with HBV in the development of primary liver cancer, and anti-EBV antibodies might be potential biomarkers for primary liver cancer in this high-risk population.
Diagnostic utility of flow cytometry in resource-constrained settings- a single center experience
Authors: Mir Awal , Mushtaq Hina , Hameed Mehreen , Khan Sadiq Noor , Islam Mujahid , Yousafzai Yasar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background:Flow cytometry (FC) is an expensive investigation that is unaffordable for many patients from underprivileged nations. We aimed to reduce the total budget of the test by optimizing a limited antibody panel as guided by morphological assessment.
Materials and methods:This single-center, experimentalstudy included 247 patients referred for Flow cytometry at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar.There were 162 male (65.4 %) and 85 female patients (34.6%) with a mean age of 38.78±21.55 years. Bone marrow or peripheral blood samples were used for immunophenotyping. After the morphological assessment, a limited panel of flow markers was selected. All samples were stained with fluorochromes labeled monoclonal antibodies, acquired, and analyzed with a flow cytometer (Cytoflex, Beckman-Coulter, USA). Data were statistically analyzed through SPSS-22, and descriptive statistics were applied for all variables. All results were presented in form of graphs, tables, and charts
Results:Out of 247 cases, an Acute leukemia panel was requested for 128 cases, a lymphoproliferative panel for 56 cases, T-cell subset analysis for 53 cases, and PNH clone screening for 10 cases. Newly diagnosed cases were 221 while 26 cases were known labeled cases of Acute leukemia for Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) analysis. Among the cases for MRD analysis, 10 cases were in remission, 12 cases relapsed and 04 cases were not in the remission phase.
98% of cases referred for Acute leukemia and Lymphoproliferative disorders, and 100% of cases referred for proximal nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) and T-cell subset analysis was conclusively diagnosed by our limited flow cytometry panels with low-cost effect.
Conclusions:In resource-constrained settings, optimization of a limited antibody panel is extremely facilitating to provide a Flow cytometry-based diagnosis which further guides the treatment decision.
Adherence to cervical cancer screening guidelines by family physicians in Calgary: cross-sectional analysis using demographic characteristics and lab data
Authors: Sayed Sayeeda Amber , Naugler Christopher , Chen Guanmin , James Dickinson 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of cervical cancer screening programs is well recognized; however, inappropriate screening practices result in either a woman being tested too often or not tested at the recommended intervals. The objectives of the study were to identify the characteristics of family physicians associated with over- and underscreening for eligible women aged 25-69 in Calgary, Alberta.
Methods: We performed a population-based retrospective observational study linking the Calgary Laboratory Services database from 2014-2016 to the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta database of family physicians practicing in Calgary. We matched physicians’ characteristics with their cervical screening practices. Panel size data was not directly available, so we used their laboratory test orders in 2016 as a proxy measure to estimate physician practice size. For the underscreening analysis, we excluded those physicians whose estimated practice size was lower than the number of screening tests ordered. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the overscreening and underscreening patterns.
Results: Among 807 physicians included in the overscreening analysis, 43% of physicians had over-screened their screen-eligible patients. Physician characteristics significantly associated with overscreening included more years of practice and having more female patients in the practice. Among the 317 physicians included in the underscreening analysis, 42% had under-screened during the three-year study period. Female physicians were less likely to underscreen their eligible female patients. Physicians practicing in the Northeast quadrant of the city also had higher odds of underscreening.
Conclusions: Screening patterns of family physicians indicate both overuse and underuse, which indicates inconsistency in adherence to screening guideline recommendations. Addressing disparities and identifying strategies to improve guideline adherence among different physician demographic groups is critical for the success of screening programs.
Quality of Nurses Work Life among Public and Private Sector Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar (A Comparative Study)
Authors: Akbar Saeeda , yasmin Sobia , Ayub Ayaz , Ghani Nasreen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Among all health care providers, nurses have a significant role to provide Physical, Psychological, Spiritual, and Emotional care to individuals, families, and communities. To make nurses more effective in the workplace it is important to enhance nurse’s quality of work life. The quality of work provided by nurses can be improved by knowing their Physiological, Psychological well-being and involvement at work. Moreover, different Environments and Setups of Public and Private Sectors Hospitals can have positive or negative impact on the quality of nurse’s work-life. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the quality of nurse’s work-life in Public and Private Sector Hospitals.
Material and Methods: The research done at Khyber Teaching Hospital and Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar with a cross-sectional study design. From 218 Participants Pretested and Structured Brooks Nurses’ Quality of Work-life questionnaire Brooks was filled. Data entered in SPSS for categorical variables frequency and percentages were done while for continuous variables mean and standard deviation was done.
Results: A total of 218 nurses from Rehman Medical Institute and Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar Participated in the Research with a Mean Age of 28.47 and a Standard Deviation of 6.41. Chi Square test was used for association of Quality of Nurses Work Life (QNWL) and Two types of Hospitals. A major portion of the Sample i.e., 80.3% have Moderate Quality of Nurses Work Life, 18.8% have High Quality of Nurses Work Life, while less than 1% of the sample has low Quality of Nurses Work Life. The Mean Quality of Nurses Work Life Score for Public Hospital was 160±15.15 while for the Private Hospital the Mean Quality of Work Life Score was 172.07±20.57 which shows that Private Hospital Nurses had a High Quality of Work Life than Public Sector Nurses. The Overall Mean QNWL Score both for Public and Private Hospital Nurses was 165.23±18.37 with a Minimum Score of 67 and a Maximum Score of 217.
Conclusion: The Research concluded Moderate QNWL among Public and Private Sector Nurses. Furthermore, despite inadequate salaries and poor job security Private-Sector Nurses were shown to have a higher QNWL than Public Sector Nurses.
Assessing the Impact of Storm Surges in Coastal Regions by Integrating Hydrodynamic and Wave Model With GIS
Authors: Mathew Alex , C.A. Lekshmy Devi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Coastal cities are growing at a very rapid pace, in terms of both population and physical assets, and great uncertainty surrounds the future evolution of flood due to storm surge and sea-level rise. Storms are a major cause of loss of human life and property in many coastal cities around the world. It is therefore essential to accurately predict the impact of storm surges to assess an area’s flood risk and plan to minimize it. Historical records of storms are too short and too sparse to support reliable statistical predictions of storm surge levels; thus, numerical analysis is used for simulating and predicting flooding in coastal areas. In recent years, improvements in the understanding of the physics of storm surge processes have led to the development of computationally intense hydrodynamic models capable of estimating storm surge elevations. In this study, an attempt is made to assess the impact of storm surges in the coastal region by integrating numerical hydrodynamic and wave model with GIS. The study concentrated on the coastal panchayats of Alappuzha district namely, Arattupuzha, Thrikkunnapuzha, Purakkadu and Ambalapuzha south. A numerical model using MIKE21 was developed for the study area to simulate storm surges by integrating hydrodynamic and wave model. The coupled model is calibrated by optimizing the parameters and validated based on observed data. The performance of the model is assessed using RMSE, RRMSE and MRE where the developed model and the model results were found to be in good agreement with the observed data. The developed model was then used to simulate storm surge and wave condition for five different storm scenarios. From the results of the simulations, it is found that the surge heights are dependent of high wind speed and astronomical tide elevation during the period of occurrence. The high intensity rainfall has also an effect on the water level rise during the storm surges. The coastal inundation extent under different storm scenarios were also mapped using the results from the storm surge simulations and the severity of coastal inundation during storm surges were also assessed.
Constraining Chemical Disequilibrium Biosignatures for Proterozoic Earth-like Exoplanets Using Reflectance Spectra
Authors: Young Amber , Robinson Tyler , Krissansen-Totton Joshua , Schwieterman Edward W. , Wogan Nicholas , Way Michael , Sohl Linda , Arney Giada , Reinhard Christopher , Line Michael , Catling David , Windsor James 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chemical disequilibrium quantified via available free energy has previously been proposed as a potential planetary biosignature. However, little work has been done that links anticipated observational uncertainties to our ability to infer the available Gibbs free energy from remote observations. Planetary properties indicative of the atmospheric state (and pertinent
to constraining the available Gibbs free energy) can be inferred via spectroscopic analyses and thus the available Gibbs free energy could be a potentially useful biosignature for exoplanets. Simulated reflected light atmospheric retrievals (Robinson and Salvador, 2022) were coupled with thermodynamics modeling (Krissansen-Totton et al., 2016; Krissansen-Totton
et al., 2018) to assess the predicted chemical disequilibrium signatures of Earth-like exoplanets. The Proterozoic Earth is a long period (2 Gyr) in Earth’s history where the atmospheric
abundance of the biogenic oxygen (O2) - methane (CH4) disequilibrium pair may have been relatively high (Krissansen-Totton et al., 2018). Retrieval models applied across a range of “High”, “Medium”, and “Low” biosignature gas abundance scenarios for methane and oxygen show that spectral observations spanning the ultraviolet through near-infrared wavelengths at characteristic visual band signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20 – 30 provide either very weak or upper limit constraints on the available Gibbs free energy for all abundance scenarios while spectra at SNR of 50 or larger could provide order-of-magnitude constraints on the disequilibrium biosignatures for the high abundance scenario. Constraints on the atmospheric available Gibbs free energy are heavily driven by the posterior distributions inferred for O2 and CH4 from the simulated spectral observations. Furthermore, the disequilibrium energy constraints are improved by modest atmospheric temperature constraints encoded in molecular opacities at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. These results have important implications for continuing to develop biosignature search strategies in preparation for future direct imaging exoplanet characterization missions.
Forming Mercury by a grazing giant collision involving similar mass bodies
Authors: de Oliveira Patrick , Roig Fernando , Winter Othon , Sfair Rafael , Burger Christoph , Schäfer Christoph 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The planet Mercury is predominantly made up of an iron core, covered by a comparatively thin silicate layer, which has led to the idea that this configuration is the product of mantle stripping by a giant impact. In the literature, a classical hit-and-run impact has been explored in which a roughly Mars-mass proto-Mercury collides with an Earth-mass target, losing large parts of its mantle. However, such hit-and-run collisions between proto-planets of very different masses are rare in N-body simulations of terrestrial planet formation. On the other hand, hit-and-run collisions involving similar mass bodies appear to be more frequent. Our aim here is to investigate the conditions under which collisions of similar mass bodies are able to form a Mercury-like planet, fulfilling the necessary constraints in terms of mass and composition (silicate-to-iron mass ratio). We perform a series of smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) collision simulations. Our results show that it is possible to obtain Mercury-analogues from hit-and-run collisions involving a proto-Mercury roughly twice the mass of Mercury and targets of comparable mass (between 1 and 4 times higher), as long as the impact parameters (impact angle and velocity) are properly adjusted according to a set of well established scaling laws, while remaining compatible with the values typically observed in N-body simulations.