bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electrode on the Dynamics of Electroactive Membrane
Authors: Aditi Ranjan Rashi , Sarangi Somnath 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The dynamics of the electroactive membranes are being studied extensively due to their vast application at the current time. However, the effect of the mechanical behavior of the compliant electrode needs to be addressed. This article presents the nonlinear analysis of an electrically actuated membrane, considering the inertia of the electrode. The membrane is modeled as a hyperelastic material and is assumed to be incompressible, homogeneous, and isotropic. The proposed analysis is discussed in a generalized way for both the compression and suspension phases. Since the membrane is vulnerable to pull-in instability, the conditions to prevent electromechanical instability are defined. Further, an analytical relation is established for breakdown voltage and is validated with experimental data. The analytical solution of axial vibration is presented in the form of elliptic integrals and by the use of multiple scale method in a generalized way for both the phases. The resultant motions and their various physical aspects under suspension and compression phases for general initial conditions are described through graphical results to comprehend the proposed analysis. Also, parameter values are quantified analytically, for which the system executes reverse behavior in a given configuration.
CDK8 inhibitors antagonize HIV-1 reactivation and promote provirus latency in T cells
Authors: Horvath Riley M. , Brumme Zabrina L. , Sadowski Ivan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Latent HIV-1 provirus represents the barrier toward a cure for infection and is dependent upon the host RNA Polymerase (Pol) II machinery for reemergence. Here, we find that inhibitors of the RNA Pol II mediator kinases CDK8/19, Senexin A and BRD6989, inhibit induction of HIV-1 expression in response to latency-reversing agents and T cell signaling agonists. These inhibitors were found to impair recruitment of RNA Pol II to the HIV-1 LTR. Furthermore, HIV-1 expression in response to several latency reversal agents was impaired upon disruption of
CDK8
by shRNA or gene knockout. However, the effects of CDK8 depletion did not entirely mimic CDK8/19 kinase inhibition suggesting that the mediator kinases are not functionally redundant. Additionally, treatment of CD4
+
peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from people living with HIV-1 and who are receiving antiretroviral therapy with Senexin A inhibited induction of viral replication in response to T cell stimulation by PMA and ionomycin. These observations indicate that the mediator kinases, CDK8 and CDK19, play a significant role for regulation of HIV-1 transcription and that small molecule inhibitors of these enzymes may contribute to therapies designed to promote deep latency involving the durable suppression of provirus expression.

IMPORTANCE
A cure for HIV-1 infection will require novel therapies that can force elimination of cells that contain copies of the virus genome inserted into the cell chromosome, but which is shut off, or silenced. These are known as latently-infected cells, which represent the main reason why current treatment for HIV/AIDS cannot cure the infection because the virus in these cells is unaffected by current drugs. Our results indicate that chemical inhibitors of Cdk8 also inhibit the expression of latent HIV provirus. Cdk8 is an important enzyme that regulates the expression of genes in response to signals to which cells need to respond and which is produced by a gene that is frequently mutated in cancers. Our observations indicate that Cdk8 inhibitors may be employed in novel therapies to prevent expression from latent provirus, which might eventually enable infected individuals to cease treatment with antiretroviral drugs.
Understanding the causal relationships of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with mental disorders and suicide attempt: a network Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Meisinger Christa , Freuer Dennis 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a lifespan neurodevelopmental condition resulting from complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. There is evidence that ADHD is associated with other mental disorders, but it remains unclear whether and in what way a causal relationship exists.ObjectiveTo investigate the direct and indirect causal paths between ADHD and seven common mental disorders.MethodsTwo-sample network Mendelian randomisation analysis was performed to identify psychiatric disorders causally related to ADHD. Total and direct effects were estimated in an univariable and multivariable setting, respectively. Robustness of results was ensured in three ways: a range of pleiotropy-robust methods, an iterative approach identifying and excluding outliers, and use of up to two genome-wide association studies per outcome to replicate results and calculate subsequently pooled meta-estimates.ResultsGenetic liability to ADHD was independently associated with the risk of anorexia nervosa (OR 1.28 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.47); p=0.001). A bidirectional association was found with major depressive disorder (OR 1.09 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.15); p=0.003 in the forward direction and OR 1.76 (95% CI 1.50 to 2.06); p=4×10−12in the reverse direction). Moreover, after adjustment for major depression disorder, a direct association with both suicide attempt (OR 1.30 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.547); p=2×10−5) and post-traumatic stress disorder (OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.33); p=0.007) was observed. There was no evidence of a relationship with anxiety, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.ConclusionsThis study suggests that ADHD is an independent risk factor for a number of common psychiatric disorders.Clinical implicationsThe risk of comorbid psychiatric disorders in individuals with ADHD needs to be considered both in diagnosis and treatment.
Maternal and child nutrition programme of investigation within the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort: study protocol
Authors: Carrilho Thais Rangel Bousquet , Silva Natanael de Jesus , Paixão Enny Santos , Falcão Ila Rocha , Fiaccone Rosemeire Leovigildo , Rodrigues Laura Cunha , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Leyland Alastair H , Dundas Ruth , Pearce Anna , Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo , Kac Gilberto , Silva Rita de Cássia Ribeiro , Barreto Mauricio L 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThere is a limited understanding of the early nutrition and pregnancy determinants of short-term and long-term maternal and child health in ethnically diverse and socioeconomically vulnerable populations within low-income and middle-income countries. This investigation programme aims to: (1) describe maternal weight trajectories throughout the life course; (2) describe child weight, height and body mass index (BMI) trajectories; (3) create and validate models to predict childhood obesity at 5 years of age; (4) estimate the effects of prepregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG) and maternal weight trajectories on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and child growth trajectories; (5) estimate the effects of prepregnancy BMI, GWG, maternal weight and interpregnancy BMI changes on maternal and child outcomes in the subsequent pregnancy; and (6) estimate the effects of maternal food consumption and infant feeding practices on child nutritional status and growth trajectories.Methods and analysisLinked data from four different Brazilian databases will be used: the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort, the Live Births Information System, the Mortality Information System and the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. To analyse trajectories, latent-growth, superimposition by translation and rotation and broken stick models will be used. To create prediction models for childhood obesity, machine learning techniques will be applied. For the association between the selected exposure and outcomes variables, generalised linear models will be considered. Directed acyclic graphs will be constructed to identify potential confounders for each analysis investigating potential causal relationships.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the authors’ institutions. The linkage will be carried out in a secure environment. After the linkage, the data will be de-identified, and pre-authorised researchers will access the data set via a virtual private network connection. Results will be reported in open-access journals and disseminated to policymakers and the broader public.
Direct Versus Indirect Revascularization for Moyamoya: a Large Multicenter Study
Authors: El Naamani Kareem , Chen Ching-Jen , Jabre Roland , Saad Hassan , Grossberg Jonathan A , Dmytriw Adam A , Patel Aman B , Khorasanizadeh Mirhojjat , Ogilvy Christopher S , Thomas Ajith , Monteiro Andre , Siddiqui Adnan , Cortez Gustavo M , Hanel Ricardo A , Porto Guilherme , Spiotta Alejandro M , Piscopo Anthony J , Hasan David M , Ghorbani Mohammad , Weinberg Joshua , Nimjee Shahid M , Bekelis Kimon , Salem Mohamed M , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Zetchi Akli , Matouk Charles , Howard Brian M , Lai Rosalind , Du Rose , Abbas Rawad , Sioutas Georgios S , Amllay Abdelaziz , Munoz Alfredo , Atallah Elias , Herial Nabeel A , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I , Gooch Michael Reid , Rosenwasser Robert H , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundMoyamoya is a chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology causing neovascularization of the lenticulostriate collaterals at the base of the brain. Although revascularization surgery is the most effective treatment for moyamoya, there is still no consensus on the best surgical treatment modality as different studies provide different outcomes.ObjectiveIn this large case series, we compare the outcomes of direct (DR) and indirect revascularisation (IR) and compare our results to the literature in order to reflect on the best revascularization modality for moyamoya.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter retrospective study in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology guidelines of moyamoya affected hemispheres treated with DR and IR surgeries across 13 academic institutions predominantly in North America. All patients who underwent surgical revascularization of their moyamoya-affected hemispheres were included in the study. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of symptomatic strokes.ResultsThe rates of symptomatic strokes across 515 disease-affected hemispheres were comparable between the two cohorts (11.6% in the DR cohort vs 9.6% in the IR cohort, OR 1.238 (95% CI 0.651 to 2.354), p=0.514). The rate of total perioperative strokes was slightly higher in the DR cohort (6.1% for DR vs 2.0% for IR, OR 3.129 (95% CI 0.991 to 9.875), p=0.052). The rate of total follow-up strokes was slightly higher in the IR cohort (8.1% vs 6.6%, OR 0.799 (95% CI 0.374 to 1.709) p=0.563).ConclusionSince both modalities showed comparable rates of overall total strokes, both modalities of revascularization can be performed depending on the patient’s risk assessment.
Development and validation of rapidPrakritianalysis tool for a standard clinical approach
Authors: Doddoli Gururaj , Doddoli Suchitra , Shete Sanjay , Verma Anita 
Published: September 2023

Background: A specific prakriti is formed for each person by tridosha at the moment when sperm and ovum unite within the uterus. The prakriti evaluation is of vital relevance for research and standardization of therapeutic practice. The current accessible prakriti assessment tools are not destined to be applied in clinical settings, which necessitates the adoption of simple and flexible ones. Hence, this study was conducted to develop a precise, less-technical instrument for prakriti analysis that is quick to assess and exhibit long-term use in healthcare system. Materials and Methods: The content validity of prakriti analysis tool was assessed by panel of 17 skilled ayurvedic physicians. The prakriti analysis tool was developed on the basis of ayurvedic classic texts. A total of 30 items were included in the tool and each item was rated as (i) not essential, (ii) useful but not essential and (iii) essential. The content validity ratio (CVR) was determined by applying Lawshe formula. The CVR calculation was done for all the 30 items of prakriti analysis tool. The items with CVR ≤ 0.45 were excluded from the final scale. To quantify the content validity of tool, content validity index (CVI) at the levels of item (I-CVI) and average-based scale (S-CVI/Ave) were also estimated. Results: The results showed that CVR for item number 4, 7, 9, 10, 16 27, 29 and 30 was less than 0.45. Therefore, from the final prakriti tool these items were removed. In this way the final prakriti analysis tool contains 22 items with CVR ≥ 0.45 which is satisfactory. Further, item level content validity was computed for all the 22 items which ranged from 0.76 to 1. The S-CVI/Ave was also excellent which is equivalent to 0.90. Conclusion: The findings of study infer that prakriti analysis tool is consistent, reliable and worthy of being used on a broad scale to assess greater diversity among healthy volunteers and patients.
Electronic Strategic Intervention Material (e-SIM) in Grade 7 (Biology): Effects on Students’ Performance
Authors: Buitre Shirlyn Lorenzana 
Published: September 2023

As everyone is conforming to living with the pandemic, all offers and possible means in the education sector must be applied to help every learner manage their assignments. To help educators in assisting learners in doing their home works, DepEd Memo No. 177 s. 2005 -Training Workshop on Strategic Interventions for successful learning was created. This intervention aimed to enhance teachers’ skills in test analysis and interpretation and capacitate them in developing varied intervention materials for remediation and enrichment of knowledge. This training prompted the teachers to develop and use Strategic Intervention Material in teaching their subject areas. This study attempted to determine the effectiveness of electronic strategic intervention material in conducting remedial lessons in Grade 7 Biology in a public national high school, Division of Antipolo City for the school year 2022-2023. This study utilized Quasi-experimental research with Non-print Rating Sheets and pretest and posttest as data gathering instruments. Pretest and posttest were administered to thirty-five (35) Grade 7 students to measure their academic performance before and after the use of the Electronic Strategic Intervention Material. The findings showed that Science experts and teachers evaluated the e-SIM with grand mean ratings of 3.88 and 3.87, respectively, verbally interpreted as Very Satisfactory in terms of content quality, instructional quality, technical quality, and accuracy and up-to-datedness. Results also showed that there is a significant difference between the academic performance of the student respondents on the pretest and posttest after the utilization of e-SIM as revealed by the computed mean scores of 13.37 for the pretest and 34.77 for the posttest.
Students’ Mastery of English Grammar towards Effective Writing and Speaking Competence
Authors: Sacal Patrick Glenn Y. , Potane Joel D. 
Published: September 2023

English language proficiency is one of the most pressing issues, particularly in the field of education. Speaking and writing are two of the most important macroskills to master, especially in today's increasingly connected world. The current study seeks to ascertain students' comprehension and mastery of English grammar and explores whether grammar explains the students' proficiency in speaking and writing in Grade 10 Junior High School. The respondents were chosen for the study using a simple random sampling design. Additionally, the researcher's questionnaire, with three qualified validators tested for validity and a pilot tested for reliability, produced a satisfactory Cronbach's alpha result and served as the basis for gathering the study's data. Findings show that students' competence in English grammar, writing, and speaking is satisfactory. The outcome demonstrates that mastery of English grammar accounts for developing an acceptable level of speaking and writing abilities. The study concluded that students' command of English grammar explains their writing and speaking abilities.
Canto coletivo e canto coral: um estudo sobre a música vocal moçambicana
Authors: Muhera Mauro Albino , Silva Vladimir Alexandro Pereira 
Published: September 2023

O objetivo do presente artigo é caracterizar as práticas do canto coletivo e do canto coral em Moçambique. Baseado em vários estudos, tratamos da makwayela, das Canções Revolucionárias e do movimento coral em Maputo, abrangendo grupos específicos, como o Majescoral, e eventos, como o Fest Coros. Abordamos, também, os princípios que norteiam a criação e execução dos repertórios cantados polifonicamente, incluindo aqueles ligados à harmonia e à condução vocal. Os resultados apontam que o ato de cantar em conjunto, em Moçambique, antecede a era colonial e a implantação das igrejas cristãs e que o canto coletivo tem os seus elementos típicos, que se desenvolvem dentro de um contexto social. Além disso, observamos que programas como o Fest Coros e o trabalho de várias instituições públicas e privadas ajudam na massificação do canto coral no país. Por fim, concluímos que esse tipo de investigação amplia a visibilidade da prática coral moçambicana em outros contextos, expandindo as possibilidades de atuação de coros, regentes e preparadores vocais.
Pertencimento e performance: diálogos entre a música escrita e a improvisação no canto coral
Authors: Castiglioni Paula 
Published: September 2023

O canto coral é uma manifestação social cuja ação principal é o canto coletivo, o qual contextualiza tais relações, influenciando os processos de convivência humana entre os envolvidos. Este artigo aponta como fazeres vocais coletivos, que considerem as dimensões da colaboração e cultivo da sensação de pertencimento no momento da performance, podem ampliar a conexão humana entre integrantes do coro, proporcionar ambientes acolhedores e consequentemente aprofundar detalhadamente resultados concernentes à sonoridade coletiva do grupo. Propõe-se refletir sobre duas perguntas: - Como os cuidados e práticas regulares em relação à dimensão da coletividade e interação social influenciam na qualidade da performance musical de um grupo coral? - Podem os processos de improvisação vocal colaborar para a criação de vínculos coletivos e consequentemente levar a resultados mais profundos na performance em todos os níveis em que ela pode se dar? Como referências teóricas principais, o trabalho se baseia em Émile Durkheim (2019); Violeta Hemsy de Gainza (2009); Pereira & Vasconcelos (2007); Ana Mae Barbosa (2023) ; Chris Small (1998) e Paulo Freire (2018), com intenção de relacionar o aporte bibliográfico às experiências da autora.
Apresentação do Dossiê Temático: Pesquisa em canto coral na atualidade
Authors: Igayara-Souza Susana Cecilia , Ramos Marco Antonio da Silva , Hauck Caiti , Sabag Munir Sabag , Oliveira Carolina Andrade 
Published: September 2023

Este Dossiê Temático “Pesquisa em canto coral na atualidade”, traz os resultados de pesquisas que refletem as atuais vertentes de investigação em canto coral. O dossiê faz parte das celebrações dos 50 anos de atividade coral no Departamento de Música da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo.
DMD-Associated Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Phenocopies
Authors: Johnson Renee , Otway Robyn , Chin Ephrem , Horvat Claire , Ohanian Monique , Wilcox Jon A.L. , Su Zheng , Prestes Priscilla , Smolnikov Andrei , Soka Magdalena , Guo Guanglan , Rath Emma , Chakravorty Samya , Chrzanowski Lukasz , Hayward Christopher S. , Keogh Anne M. , Macdonald Peter S. , Giannoulatou Eleni , Chang Alex C.Y. , Oates Emily C. , Charchar Fadi , Seidman Jonathan G. , Seidman Christine E. , Hegde Madhuri , Fatkin Diane 
Published: September 2023

Background:

Variants in the
DMD
gene, that encodes the cytoskeletal protein, dystrophin, cause a severe form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) associated with high rates of heart failure, heart transplantation, and ventricular arrhythmias. Improved early detection of individuals at risk is needed.

Methods:
Genetic testing of 40 male probands with a potential X-linked genetic cause of primary DCM was undertaken using multi-gene panel sequencing, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and array comparative genomic hybridization. Variant location was assessed with respect to dystrophin isoform patterns and exon usage. Telomere length was evaluated as a marker of myocardial dysfunction in left ventricular tissue and blood.

Results:

Four pathogenic/likely pathogenic
DMD
variants were found in 5 probands (5/40: 12.5%). Only one rare variant was identified by gene panel testing with 3 additional multi-exon deletion/duplications found following targeted assays for structural variants. All of the pathogenic/likely pathogenic
DMD
variants involved dystrophin exons that had percent spliced-in scores >90, indicating high levels of constitutive expression in the human adult heart. Fifteen
DMD
variant-negative probands (15/40: 37.5%) had variants in autosomal genes including
TTN
,
BAG3
,
LMNA
, and
RBM20
. Myocardial telomere length was reduced in patients with DCM irrespective of genotype. No differences in blood telomere length were observed between genotype-positive family members with/without DCM and controls.

Conclusions:

Primary genetic testing using multi-gene panels has a low yield and specific assays for structural variants are required if
DMD
-associated cardiomyopathy is suspected. Distinguishing X-linked causes of DCM from autosomal genes that show sex differences in clinical presentation is crucial for informed family management.
Statistical Modeling of Monthly and Seasonal Michigan Snowfall Based on Machine Learning: A Multiscale Approach
Authors: Meng Lei , Zhu Laiyin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Snow is an important component of Earth’s climate system, and snowfall intensity and variation often significantly impact society, the environment, and ecosystems. Understanding monthly and seasonal snowfall intensity and variations is challenging because of multiple controlling mechanisms at different spatial and temporal scales. Using 65 years of in situ snowfall observation, we evaluated seven machine learning algorithms for modeling monthly and seasonal snowfall in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan (LPM) based on selected environmental and climatic variables. Our results show that the Bayesian additive regression tree (BART) has the best fitting (R2 = 0.88) and out-of-sample estimation skills (R2 = 0.58) for the monthly mean snowfall followed by the random forest model. The BART also demonstrates strong estimation skills for large monthly snowfall amounts. Both BART and the random forest models suggest that topography, local/regional environmental factors, and teleconnection indices can significantly improve the estimation of monthly and seasonal snowfall amounts in the LPM. These statistical models based on machine learning algorithms can incorporate variables at multiple scales and address nonlinear responses of snowfall variations to environmental/climatic changes. It demonstrated that the multiscale machine learning techniques provide a reliable and computationally efficient approach to modeling snowfall intensity and variability.