bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familial roles and support of doctoral students
Authors: Walsh Bridget A. , Mitchell Sarah , Batz Ruby , Lee Angela , Aguirre Matthew , Lucero Julie , Edwards Adrienne , Hambrick Keira , Zeh David W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveIdentify the role(s) and support(s), if any, that family members provide to first‐generation and historically marginalized doctoral students, including strengths and challenges of this support.BackgroundNonfinancial family support is important for the success and retention of first‐generation and historically marginalized graduate students. More empirical studies of the role(s) and support of family members of these doctoral students are needed.MethodDuring an intervention designed for first‐generation and historically marginalized doctoral students and their families, we conducted four focus groups with doctoral students (n = 22) and three focus groups with the family members they chose to accompany them (n = 15). Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwo themes emerged from the data: support and connection. In addition to providing distinct types of support, families play both supportive and connective roles. There are challenges to family roles and support in areas such as communication, doctoral student stress, and different ways that family members and doctoral students think about and approach life.ConclusionThe study provided key insights to understanding the roles and support of family of doctoral students; more efforts are needed across graduate schools in the United States.ImplicationsFamily science faculty and graduate schools may collaborate to provide meaningful interventions for graduate students and their families for the goal of promoting graduate student retention and success.
Executive power in European Union politics
Authors: Tarlea Silvana , Bailer Stefanie , Kudrna Zdenek , Wasserfallen Fabio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the multilevel system of the European Union (EU), national governments have been empowered at the expense of parliaments. We study the executive power shift in EU politics in the formation of national preferences. This article shows that governments are more likely to integrate parliaments and external actors, such as other governments and EU institutions, when they advocate extreme bargaining positions in EU negotiations. We theoretically develop this argument and provide an empirical study of Eurozone politics, covering the preference formation of 27 EU member states. The analysis shows that the executives are overall the dominating power: most of the time, governments form national preferences on their own. When governments integrate additional actors, they mostly rely on external actors and do so to avoid blame and to shift responsibility. These findings question whether the integration of national parliaments in EU politics indeed addresses democratic accountability concerns.
The efficacy and efficiency of public transfer programmes on the poverty of the older population in South Korea
Authors: Ha Taiwon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Korean government initiated a multi‐tiered benefits system for older people, but the relative poverty rate of the older population remains the highest among developed economies. This paper employed the Shapley decomposition and four efficiency criteria to evaluate the anti‐poverty efficacy and efficiency of major public transfer benefits with the Korea Welfare Panel Study 2006–2018. The results present that the Korean public pension exerted the greatest efficacy among the programmes. The efficacy of the Basic Pension, operating as a means‐tested benefit, significantly increased when implemented in 2008 and expanded in 2014. In terms of efficiency, the contributory public pension supported only 40% of older adults in poverty. However, the generous coverage of the Basic Pension since 2008 might have led to more than half of recipients not experiencing absolute poverty. Therefore, this paper concludes with suggestions for more financial support targeting the economically vulnerable.
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) based decision support systems in mental health: An integrative review
Authors: Higgins Oliver , Short Brooke L. , Chalup Stephan K. , Wilson Rhonda L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn integrative review investigating the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) based decision support systems in mental health care settings was undertaken of published literature between 2016 and 2021 across six databases. Four studies met the research question and the inclusion criteria. The primary theme identified was trust and confidence. To date, there is limited research regarding the use of AI‐based decision support systems in mental health. Our review found that significant barriers exist regarding its incorporation into practice primarily arising from uncertainty related to clinician's trust and confidence, end‐user acceptance and system transparency. More research is needed to understand the role of AI in assisting treatment and identifying missed care. Researchers and developers must focus on establishing trust and confidence with clinical staff before true clinical impact can be determined. Finally, further research is required to understand the attitudes and beliefs surrounding the use of AI and related impacts for the wellbeing of the end‐users of care. This review highlights the necessity of involving clinicians in all stages of research, development and implementation of artificial intelligence in care delivery. Earning the trust and confidence of clinicians should be foremost in consideration in implementation of any AI‐based decision support system. Clinicians should be motivated to actively embrace the opportunity to contribute to the development and implementation of new health technologies and digital tools that assist all health care professionals to identify missed care, before it occurs as a matter of importance for public safety and ethical implementation. AI‐basesd decision support tools in mental health settings show most promise as trust and confidence of clinicians is achieved.
How technostressors influence job and family satisfaction: Exploring the role of work–family conflict
Authors: Shi Si , Chen Yang , Cheung Christy M. K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent developments in information and communication technology have blurred the line between the workplace and the home. This can have a negative influence on employees' well‐being and thus has gained increasing attention from academics and practitioners. In this study, we developed a research model based on the transactional perspective of stress and the challenge–hindrance stressor framework. We defined the two dimensions of work–family conflict as the perceptual stress resulting from a chronic challenge and hindrance technostressors, which ultimately affect employees' satisfaction in both the work and family domains. We tested our model using a three‐wave time‐lagged survey study with data collected from 268 employees. Challenge and hindrance technostressors had different effects on these two main forms of work–family conflict (time‐based and strain‐based) but further induced negative effects on both job and family satisfaction. Overall, we make both scientific and practical contributions to the fields of work‐related technology use and work–family conflict.
Exceptional reliability of MLCCs enabled by defect‐engineered BaTiO3
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Zhang Lei , Huang Xiong , Yang Jun , Li Bo , Yu Shuhui , Sun Rong , Fu Zhenxiao , Cao Xiuhua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt has generally been believed that the reliability of BaTiO3‐based multilayered ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) is mainly contributed by hydroxyl (OH−), and the contribution of CO32− can be neglected. However, in this work, we demonstrated that the contributions of Ba/Ti ratio and CO32− play important roles in the delivering high reliability for BaTiO3‐based MLCCs. The structure and performance of MLCC devices and ceramic chips based on BaTiO3 powders prepared by different approaches were studied. It is found that the intracrystalline pores in ceramics or MLCCs are mainly derived from the decomposition of BaCO3 during sintering, which has been demonstrated by ceramic derived from hydrothermal method powder and its modified powders. The point defects of Ba and Ti vacancies mainly originating from nonstoichiometric Ba/Ti rather than thermally stimulated have substantial influence on the migration of grain boundary that determines the grain size and whether the pores can be annihilated from the bulk material. Particularly, the Ti vacancies have a strong pinning effect and inhibit the migration of grain boundary effectively, due to their shorter migration distance comparing to Ba vacancies. Therefore, the synergetic effect of the second phase BaCO3 and point defects leads to the differences in the structure and performance.
LECT2 modulates dendritic cell function after Helicobacter pylori infection via the CD209a receptor
Authors: Zhang Xiaofen , Sun Kefang , Tang Chenxi , Cen Li , Li Sha , Zhu Wei , Liu Peihao , Chen Yishu , Yu Chaohui , Li Lan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori, a gram‐negative bacterium persisting on the gastric mucosa, is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of gastric diseases. Leukocyte cell‐derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) treatment increased the phagocytic capacity of lymphocytes and improved immune function in bacterial infection. Whether the immune cells infected with H. pylori are affected by LECT2 is unclear.MethodsBone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from wild‐type C57BL/6 mice, CD209a knockout mice, or LECT2 knockout mice were exposed to H. pylori at a multiplicity of infection of 10 for 24 h. The maturity of DCs and the cytokines secreted by DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry, western blot, and real‐time PCR. The signaling pathway underlying CD209a activation after LECT2 treatment were also detected.ResultsLECT2 treatment promoted H. pylori‐induced BMDC maturation and produced a high level of anti‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐10) but a low level of pro‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐23p40). Moreover, LECT2‐pretreated DCs shifted the development of pro‐inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells to Treg cells. CD209a mediated LECT2‐induced maturation and secretion of DC in H. pylori‐primed BMDCs. LECT2 was further confirmed to induce the secretion of certain cytokines via CD209a‐JNK/P38 MAPK pathway.ConclusionThis study reveals that LECT2 modulated the functions of H. pylori‐primed DCs in a CD209a‐dependent manner, which might hinder the clearance of H. pylori and contribute to its colonization.
Child protection contact among children of culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds: A South Australian linked data study
Authors: Abdul Rahim Razlyn , Pilkington Rhiannon , Procter Alexandra M , Montgomerie Alicia , Mittinty Murthy N , D'Onise Katina , Lynch John 
Published: February 2023

AimTo describe the cumulative incidence of child protection (CP) system contact, maltreatment type, source of reports to age 7 years, and socio‐demographic characteristics for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Australian children.MethodsWe used CP, education, health, and birth registrations data for children followed from birth up to age 7 from the South Australian Better Evidence, Better Outcomes, Linked Data (SA BEBOLD) platform. Participants: SA born children enrolled in their first year of school from 2009 to 2015 (n = 76 563). CALD defined as non‐Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, spoken language other than English, Indigenous or Sign, or had at least one parent born in a non‐English speaking country. Outcomes measures: For CALD and non‐CALD children, we estimated the cumulative incidence (risk) of CP contacts up to age 7, relative risk and risk differences for all levels of CP contact from notification to out‐of‐home care (OOHC), primary maltreatment type, reporter type, and socio‐economic characteristics. Sensitivity analyses explored different population selection criteria and CALD definitions.ResultsBy age 7, 11.2% of CALD children had ‘screened‐in’ notifications compared to 18.8% of non‐CALD (risk difference [RD] 7.6 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 6.9–8.3)), and 0.6% of CALD children experienced OOHC compared to 2.2% of non‐CALD (RD 1.6 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 1.3–1.8)). Emotional abuse was the most common substantiated maltreatment type for CALD and neglect for non‐CALD. Among both groups, the most common reporter sources were police and education sector. Socio‐economic characteristics were broadly similar. Sensitivity analyses results were consistent with primary analyses.ConclusionBy age 7, CALD children had lower risk of contact with all levels of CP. Estimates based on primary and sensitivity analyses suggested CALD children were 5–9 percentage points less likely to have a report screened‐in, and from 1.0 to 1.7 percentage points less likely to have experienced OOHC.
The tolerability of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 weeks in patients treated in the ASTRAL 1, 2 and 3 studies: A pooled safety analysis
Authors: Jacobson Ira M. , Bourgeois Stefan , Mathurin Phillipe , Thuluvath Paul , Ryder Stephen D. , Gerken Guido , Hernandez Candido , Vanstraelen Kim , Scherbakovsky Stacey , Osinusi Anu , Tedesco Dana , Foster Graham R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the safety and tolerability of the fixed‐dose, single‐tablet regimen sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in three Phase 3 studies in patients with and without compensated cirrhosis. Data from three registrational trials (ASTRAL‐1, NCT02201940; ASTRAL‐2, NCT02220998; ASTRAL‐3, NCT02201953) were pooled by treatment regimen. Researchers assessed treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and laboratory abnormalities in patients randomized to SOF/VEL or placebo for 12 weeks in ASTRAL‐1 and SOF/VEL for 12 weeks in ASTRAL‐2 and ASTRAL‐3. Overall, 1035 patients were treated with SOF/VEL, and 116 patients received placebo. Rates of any TEAE were generally similar between patients receiving SOF/VEL (79.4%) and those receiving placebo (76.7%). The majority of TEAEs were mild to moderate, with 23 (2.2%) treatment‐emergent serious AEs in patients treated with SOF/VEL. Of these treatment‐emergent serious AEs, none led to premature study discontinuation, nor were they considered related to treatment. Presence of compensated cirrhosis, greater age and mild renal impairment did not impact incidence or severity of TEAEs with SOF/VEL treatment. The most common TEAEs (incidence ≥10%) were headache, fatigue, nausea and nasopharyngitis in patients receiving SOF/VEL; similar rates were observed in placebo‐treated patients. Three deaths (<1%) were reported in patients treated with SOF/VEL, all posttreatment and none assessed as related to study treatment. Similar to that of placebo, SOF/VEL treatment of HCV infection had a safety/tolerability profile that was not affected by baseline factors, such as the presence of compensated cirrhosis, mild renal impairment or advanced age.
Learning by doing: A phenomenological study of medical student leaders
Authors: Annan Henry G. , Do Victor , MacLeod Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite being recognised as a key physician competency, leadership development is an area of improvement especially in undergraduate medical education. We sought to explore the lived experience of leaders who served in elected, representative roles during their time in medical school.MethodsWe used a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to uncover the essence of the medical student leader experience. From late 2020 to early 2021, we interviewed 12 medical residents who served in elected leadership roles from 2015 to 2019. Each participant graduated from a different Canadian medical school. We deliberately chose a limited and historic time period in order for participants to be able to reflect on their past experiences while accounting for differences in the medical student leadership experience over time. We then engaged in a reflexive thematic analysis to generate the final themes.ResultsWe identified the following five themes: (i) living with busyness, (ii) the role of faculty mentorship and support, (iii) competing demands of leadership, (iv) medical student leadership as enriching and (v) creating better physicians. Though demanding, medical student leadership was found to be rewarding and particularly key in the development of a more well‐rounded physician. Furthermore, being well supported by faculty contributed to an overall positive leadership experience.DiscussionIn addition to describing the hardships and rewards that make up their experience, this study suggests that medical student leadership can enhance core physician competencies. The findings also support the notion that faculties have an important role to play in supporting medical student leaders.
Synbiotic supplement for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in haemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kooshki Akram , Akbarzadeh Roya , Amin Bahareh , Tofighiyan Tahereh , Foroumandi Elaheh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence that probiotics can increase the availability of iron. The aim of current study was to determine the effects of synbiotic supplementation on the haematological parameters and anaemia in haemodialysis patients.MethodsThis study was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Fifty patients were randomly selected from the haemodialysis section of Vaseii Hospital, Sabzevar, Iran. Subjects in the symbiotic and control groups received 2 capsules of synbiotic supplement or placebo, respectively, once a day for 8 weeks. Blood samples were divided into two test tubes in equal volumes. Blood haemoglobin, haematocrit, transferrin saturation, red blood cells (RBCs), and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were measured with auto‐analyser. Ferritin was determined using Sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsTwenty tree patients in each group completed the study. Significant results were recorded in synbiotic groups regarding the concentration of blood haemoglobin, haematocrit, transferrin saturation, the number of RBCs, and serum ferritin compare to placebo group (P < .05). At the end of week 8, TIBC significantly decreased in synbiotic than placebo group (P < .05).ConclusionSynbiotic supplementation could be a safe and promising candidate in improving anaemia in CKD patients.
Object‐based image analysis (OBIA)‐based gully erosion dynamics, sediment loading rate and sediment yield study in Lake Hawassa Sub‐basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebre Agegnehu M. , Belete Mulugeta D. , Belayneh Moltot Z. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGully erosion is a serious environmental issue in Lake Hawassa Sub‐basin. It has affected a large portion of the catchment, and a large amount of sediment has been transported into the lake. This condition needs to be addressed. However, before conservation techniques are implemented, the gully systems should be mapped, their extent and changes over time need to be measured, and their capacity to produce sediment from their catchments should be determined. The objective of this study were, therefore, to map and analyse the change in gully erosion and quantify the sediment loading rate and sediment yield from the active and connected gullies in Lake Hawassa Sub‐basin using object‐based image analysis (OBIA) with high‐resolution SPOT 5 satellite image of the years 2011 and 2020. This method was integrated with field observation for mapping gully features of the study area, in comparison with automatic digitization carried out with the help of eCogenition Developer Version 9.1 and ArcGIS tools. Overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient were determined and were found to be 85.2% and 0.81, respectively, for the image of year 2020 and 81.1% and 0.76, respectively, for the image of year 2011. Based on the OBIA method, the extent of gullies (in area) were found to be 63.5 km2in 2011 and 79.9 km2showing a rapid increase between 2011 and 2020 (an increase of 16.4 km2(24.4%) in the 10 years considered). The later result shows that 5.53% of the area of the Lake Hawassa Sub‐basin is affected by gully erosion. The maximum gully density in the study area was found to be 589 km/km2in 2011 and this increased to 884 km/km2in 2020. The sediment loading rate from the Lake's catchment was found to be in the range of 12.62 to 38.59 ton per hectare per year. The sediment yield from the Lake's catchment was 8.83 to 27.02 t/ha/year. The total annual volume‐based sediment yield at the Lake generated from the gully was 2.39 million cubic meter considering sediment delivery ratio of 70% for fully connected gullies. This result shows that 0.21% of the storage capacity of the Lake was being lost due to sedimentation from the gully system every year. From the result by dividing the total volume of the sediment by the surface area of the lake, one can see that a silt thickness of 2.51 cm was being deposited in the Lake every year.
A reinforcement sensitivity theory view of seeking behaviors at work: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sherf Elad N. , Croitoru Natalie , McElroy Terence 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScholarship on seeking behaviors, which refer to deliberate attempts to obtain information or assistance from others, has emerged in multiple silos (e.g., feedback‐seeking, information‐seeking, help‐seeking, and advice‐seeking). Furthering recent synthesis attempts, we draw on reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) to generate novel predictions concerning the causes of explicit and implicit seeking behaviors and clarify the inconsistencies between theoretical predictions and empirical findings noted in past reviews. We test our arguments through a meta‐analysis of 393 samples drawn from management and applied psychology research. In doing so, we uncover nuances in the associations between seeking behaviors and work outcomes (e.g., in‐role performance and creativity). We discuss how our theorizing and findings challenge, refine, and extend the existing knowledge concerning seeking behaviors at work, provide methodological and practical recommendations, and identify directions for future research.
Coherence and divergence in autonomic‐subjective affective space
Authors: Cuve Hélio Clemente José , Harper Joseph , Catmur Caroline , Bird Geoffrey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA central tenet of many theories of emotion is that emotional states are accompanied by distinct patterns of autonomic activity. However, experimental studies of coherence between subjective and autonomic responses during emotional states provide little evidence of coherence. Crucially, previous studies investigating coherence have either adopted univariate approaches or made limited use of multivariate analytic approaches by investigating subjective and autonomic responses separately. The current study addressed this question using a multivariate dimensional approach to build a common autonomic‐subjective affective space incorporating subjective responses and three different autonomic signals (heart rate, skin conductance response, and pupil diameter), measured during an emotion‐inducing task, in 51 participants. Results showed that autonomic and subjective responses could be adequately described in a two‐dimensional affective space. The first dimension included contributions from subjective and autonomic responses, indicating coherence, while contributions to the second dimension were almost exclusively of autonomic covariance. Thus, while there was a degree of coherence between autonomic and subjective emotional responses, there was substantial structure in autonomic responses that did not covary with subjective emotional experience. This study, therefore, contributes new insights into the relationship between subjective and autonomic emotional responses, and provides a framework for future multimodal emotion research, enabling both hypothesis‐ and data‐driven testing.