bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and effectiveness of sacituzumab govitecan in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer in real-world settings: first observations from an interdisciplinary breast cancer centre in Germany
Authors: Reinisch Mattea , Bruzas Simona , Spoenlein Jennifer , Shenoy Satyendra , Traut Alexander , Harrach Hakima , Chiari Ouafaa , Cremer Efsthatia , Ataseven Beyhan , Gubelt Lars , Kuemmel Sherko 
Published: September 2023

Background: Sacituzumab govitecan has been recently approved by the USFDA and EMA for the treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). We report real-world safety and effectiveness in patients with mTNBC receiving sacituzumab govitecan treatment at a breast cancer centre in Germany. Methods: Data from patients who had received sacituzumab govitecan as treatment for mTNBC, in both de novo and relapsed disease, at the Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany, were collected through institutional records. Data were analysed for safety parameters and survival outcomes and reported using descriptive statistics. Results: Patients ( N = 43) received a median (range) of 5 (1–28) cycles of sacituzumab govitecan and were followed up for a median of 12.9 months. The most reported adverse events (AEs) of any grade were alopecia ( n = 39; 90.7%), diarrhoea ( n = 16; 37.2%), fatigue ( n = 15, 34.9%), anaemia ( n = 15, 34.9%) and neutropenia ( n = 14, 32.6%). AEs ⩾ Grade 3 with the highest incidence were neutropenia ( n = 12; 27.9%) and diarrhoea ( n = 8; 18.6%). In eight (18.6%) patients, dose of sacituzumab govitecan dose was reduced due to patients’ clinical condition prior to commencing treatment; in further 17 (39.5%) patients, sacituzumab govitecan dose had to be reduced or treatment interrupted on account of AEs associated with the drug after treatment had commenced. Median progression-free survival and median overall survival were calculated to be 5.0and 13.1 months, respectively. Conclusion: The real-world safety and effectiveness profile of sacituzumab govitecan in patients with mTNBC are in line with clinical trial data. Further studies are required to guide optimal use of sacituzumab govitecan against mTNBC, especially in context of management of accompanying AEs.
Enhancing subthreshold slope and ON-current in a simple iTFET with overlapping gate on source-contact, drain Schottky contact, and intrinsic SiGe-pocket
Authors: Lin Jyi-Tsong , Lin Kuan-Pin , Cheng Kai-Ming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new novel simple iTFET with overlapping gate on source-contact (SGO), Drain Schottky Contact, and intrinsic SiGe pocket (Pocket-SGO iTFET). The aim is to achieve steep subthreshold swing (S.S) and high ION current. By optimizing the gate and source-contact overlap, the tunneling efficiency is significantly enhanced, while the ambipolar effect is suppressed. Additionally, using a Schottky contact at the drain/source, instead of ion implantation drain/source, reduces leakage current and thermal budget. Moreover, the tunneling region is replaced by an intrinsic SiGe pocket posing a narrower bandgap, which increases the probability of band-to-band tunneling and enhances the ION current. Our simulations are based on the feasibility of the actual process, thorough Sentaurus TCAD simulations demonstrate that the Pocket-SGO iTFET exhibits an average and minimum subthreshold swing of S.Savg = 16.2 mV/Dec and S.Smin = 4.62 mV/Dec, respectively. At VD = 0.2 V, the ION current is 1.81 $$\times$$
×
10–6 A/μm, and the ION/IOFF ratio is 1.34 $$\times$$
×
109. The Pocket-SGO iTFET design shows great potential for ultra-low-power devices that are required for the Internet of Things (IoT) and AI applications.
Antibacterial and anti-corona virus (229E) activity of Nigella sativa oil combined with photodynamic therapy based on methylene blue in wound infection: in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Abo-Neima Sahar E. , El-Sheekh Mostafa M. , Al-Zaban Mayasar I. , EL-Sayed Abeer I. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicrobial skin infections, antibiotic resistance, and poor wound healing are major problems, and new treatments are needed. Our study targeted solving this problem with Nigella sativa (NS) oil and photodynamic therapy based on methylene blue (MB-PDT). Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined via agar well diffusion assay and broth microdilution, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) proved deformations in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry identified useful compounds that were suggested to be responsible for the potency of the oil. NS oil was tested as an antivirus against low pathogenic coronavirus (229E). Therapies examined, MB-PDT, NS, and MB-PDT + NS oil, to accelerate wound healing. The antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus was promising, with a MIC of 12.5% and TEM showing injured cells treated with NS oil. This oil inhibited 229E virus up to 42.85% and 32.14%. All tested therapies were successful in accelerating wound healing. The most successful was combined therapy (MB-PDT + NS oil), with a faster healing time. The combined therapy (MB-PDT + NS oil) reduced bacterial counts, which may be a key factor in accelerating wound healing. Skin wound histology was investigated; blood hematology and biochemical analysis did not change significantly after the safe combination treatment. A combination treatment could facilitate healing in a simple and inexpensive way in the future. Based on the results of the in vitro and in vivo studies, it was determined that NS oil had antibacterial and anti-corona virus activity when used in conjunction with photodynamic treatment based on methylene blue to treat wound infections.
Economic burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a matched case–control study in more than 450,000 Swedish individuals
Authors: Steen Carlsson Katarina , Nilsson Kristoffer , Wolden Michael Lyng , Faurby Mads 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aim
To examine direct and indirect costs, early retirement, cardiovascular events and mortality over 5 years in people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and matched controls in Sweden.

Methods
Individuals aged ≥ 16 years living in Sweden on 01 January 2012 were identified in an existing database. Individuals with ASCVD were propensity score matched to controls without ASCVD by age, sex and educational status. We compared direct healthcare costs (inpatient, outpatient and drug costs), indirect costs (resulting from work absence) and the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and early retirement.

Results
After matching, there were 231,417 individuals in each cohort. Total mean per-person annual costs were over 2.5 times higher in the ASCVD group versus the controls (€6923 vs €2699). Indirect costs contributed to 60% and 67% of annual costs in the ASCVD and control groups, respectively. Inpatient costs accounted for ≥ 70% of direct healthcare costs. Cumulative total costs over the 5-year period were €32,011 in the ASCVD group and €12,931 in the controls. People with ASCVD were 3 times more likely to enter early retirement than controls (hazard ratio [HR] 3.02 [95% CI 2.76–3.31]) and approximately 2 times more likely to experience stroke (HR 1.83 [1.77–1.89]) or MI (HR 2.27 [2.20–2.34]).

Conclusion
ASCVD is associated with both economic and clinical impacts. People with ASCVD incurred considerably higher costs than matched controls, with indirect costs resulting from work absence and inpatient admissions being major cost drivers, and were also more likely to experience additional ASCVD events.
The reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment for gluteal tendinopathy questionnaire (VISA-G-Norwegian) for patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome
Authors: Sveinall Håkon , Wenstad Per Kristian , Fearon Angela M. , Skyttemyr Gjermund , Thornes Elisabeth , Skaara Heléne Engberg , Juel Niels Gunnar , Brox Jens Ivar , Roe Cecilie , Johnsen Marianne Bakke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) is a common chronic musculoskeletal condition that may affect physical function, quality of life and sleep. The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Gluteal questionnaire (VISA-G) has been developed as a Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement (PROM) to address pain, everyday activities, physical activities, and difficulty with weight bearing activities. The aim of the study was to test the reliability, validity and floor and ceiling effects of the Norwegian version of the VISA-G (VISA-G-Norwegian) in a population with GTPS in a specialist health care setting.

Methods
This psychometric evaluation of the VISA-G-Norwegian questionnaire were conducted with a prospective observational design. The VISA-G was translated into Norwegian following recommended guidelines. A subgroup repeated the VISA-G-Norwegian a week after the initial submission. For the reliability, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2.1), Standard Error of the Measurement (SEM) and the Smallest Detectable Change (SDC95%) were calculated. Internal consistency was measured using a Cronbach´s alpha. Floor and ceiling effects were evaluated, and construct validity was assessed with three a priori hypotheses.

Results
78 participants were included in the study of which 47 stable participants undertook the test-retest reliability arm of the study. The ICC2.1 for the total score was 0.85 (95% CI 0.68, 0.92), SEM was 6.6 points and SDC95% 18.4 points. Cronbach`s alpha was 0.77 (95% CI 0.69, 0.84). No floor or ceiling effects were found in the total score, but ceiling effect was found in three of the eight items. For construct validity, one of the three hypotheses were confirmed. VISA-G-Norwegian correlated to the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODI) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), 0.64, -0.75 and − 0.63 respectively.

Conclusion
The VISA-G-Norwegian has acceptable reliability and validity, despite ceiling effect of individual items. The large SDC95% should be considered when measuring change in similar cohorts with GTPS. For a potential future version, it would be recommended to consider response options for questions with ceiling effect and the comprehensibility of question eight.

Trial registration
Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov the 28/02/2020 (NCT04289922).
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles for treatment of bone loss within periodontitis in pre-clinical animal models: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Huan , Qi Yan-Xin , Zhu Chun-Hui , Li Ang , Pei Dan-Dan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) represent an effective and promising strategy for periodontitis, although studies remain pre-clinical. Herein, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy of MSC-EVs in animal models of periodontitis.

Methods
The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases were searched up to Dec 2022 to retrieve preclinical studies examining the use of MSC-EVs for periodontitis treatment. Meta-analyses and sub-group analyses were performed to assess the effect of MSC-EVs on Bone Volume/Total Volume (BV/TV) or the distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) in pre-clinical animal models of periodontitis.

Results
11 studies published from Mar 2019 to Oct 2022 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, MSC-EVs contributed to periodontal bone regeneration in the inflammatory bone loss area due to periodontitis, as represented by a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 14.07% (95% CI = 6.73, 21.41%, p < 0.001) for BV/TV and a WMD of -0.12 mm (95% CI= -0.14, -0.11 mm, p < 0.001) for CEJ-ABC. However, sub-analysis suggested that there was no significant difference in CEJ-ABC between studies with bioactive scaffolds and studies without bioactive scaffolds (p = 0.60).

Conclusions
The present study suggests that MSC-EVs may represent an attractive therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bone loss within periodontitis.
Machine learning prediction models for different stages of non-small cell lung cancer based on tongue and tumor marker: a pilot study
Authors: Shi Yulin , Wang Hao , Yao Xinghua , Li Jun , Liu Jiayi , Chen Yuan , Liu Lingshuang , Xu Jiatuo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
To analyze the tongue feature of NSCLC at different stages, as well as the correlation between tongue feature and tumor marker, and investigate the feasibility of establishing prediction models for NSCLC at different stages based on tongue feature and tumor marker.

Methods
Tongue images were collected from non-advanced NSCLC patients (n = 109) and advanced NSCLC patients (n = 110), analyzed the tongue images to obtain tongue feature, and analyzed the correlation between tongue feature and tumor marker in different stages of NSCLC. On this basis, six classifiers, decision tree, logistic regression, SVM, random forest, naive bayes, and neural network, were used to establish prediction models for different stages of NSCLC based on tongue feature and tumor marker.

Results
There were statistically significant differences in tongue feature between the non-advanced and advanced NSCLC groups. In the advanced NSCLC group, the number of indexes with statistically significant correlations between tongue feature and tumor marker was significantly higher than in the non-advanced NSCLC group, and the correlations were stronger. Support Vector Machine (SVM), decision tree, and logistic regression among the machine learning methods performed poorly in models with different stages of NSCLC. Neural network, random forest and naive bayes had better classification efficiency for the data set of tongue feature and tumor marker and baseline. The models’ classification accuracies were 0.767 ± 0.081, 0.718 ± 0.062, and 0.688 ± 0.070, respectively, and the AUCs were 0.793 ± 0.086, 0.779 ± 0.075, and 0.771 ± 0.072, respectively.

Conclusions
There were statistically significant differences in tongue feature between different stages of NSCLC, with advanced NSCLC tongue feature being more closely correlated with tumor marker. Due to the limited information, single data sources including baseline, tongue feature, and tumor marker cannot be used to identify the different stages of NSCLC in this pilot study. In addition to the logistic regression method, other machine learning methods, based on tumor marker and baseline data sets, can effectively improve the differential diagnosis efficiency of different stages of NSCLC by adding tongue image data, which requires further verification based on large sample studies in the future.
A meta-analysis for vaccine protection rate of duck hepatitis a virus in mainland China in 2009–2021
Authors: Ye Lina , Zhou Siyu , Zhang Huiling , Zhang Tangjie , Yang Daiqi , Hong Xingping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is a single-stranded, positive-strand small RNA virus that causes a very high mortality rate in ducklings. The DHAV-3 subtype incidence rate has recently increased in China, causing great economic losses to the waterfowl breeding industry. We analyzed the protection rate of DHAV vaccines used in mainland China from 2009 to 2021 and evaluated the effectiveness of vaccine prevention and control to reduce the economic losses caused by DHAV to the waterfowl breeding industry. We screened five electronic research databases and obtained 14 studies and patents on the protection efficiency of DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 vaccines.

Results
Meta-analysis demonstrated that immunized ducklings produced higher antibody levels and had a significantly higher survival rate than non-immunized ducklings [relative risk (RR) = 12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6–26, P < 0.01]. The age of the ducks and vaccine valence did not affect protection efficiency. Data source analysis of the vaccine protection rate demonstrated that the vaccines conferred immune protection for ducklings in both small-scale experiments and large-scale clinical conditions. The analysis results revealed that although the vaccines conferred protection, the immune protective effect differed between small-scale experimental conditions and large-scale clinical conditions. This might have been due to non-standard vaccination and environmental factors.

Conclusions
Domestic DHAV vaccines can protect ducklings effectively. The subjects immunized (breeding ducks or ducklings) and vaccine valence had no effect on the protective effect. Both small-scale experiments and large-scale clinical conditions conferred immune protection on ducklings, but vaccine immunization under small-scale experimental conditions had slightly better protective effects than large-scale clinical immunization.
Racism against racialized migrants in healthcare in Europe: a scoping review
Authors: Pattillo Mia , Stieglitz Sigsten , Angoumis Konstantinos , Gottlieb Nora 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Racism is frequently mentioned as a social determinant of migrants’ health and a barrier to health services. However, in the European context, racism and its impact on racialized migrants’ access to healthcare is remarkably under-researched. This scoping review makes a first step toward filling this void by mapping the existing literature on racial and ethnic discrimination against racialized migrants in healthcare in Europe, identifying evidence gaps, and offering recommendations for future research on this topic.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, four databases were searched for empirical studies published in English between 1992 and 2022. Studies were included if they report findings on manifestations, experiences and/or impacts of racial or ethnic discrimination against racialized migrants in a healthcare setting in a European country. They were summarized by study characteristics (geographical scope, study design, research question and measures) and research findings were synthesized.

Results
Out of 2365 initial hits, 1724 records were included in the title/abstract-screening, 87 records in the full text-screening, and 38 records in the data extraction. For many country and healthcare contexts, evidence on racism in healthcare is lacking. Most studies apply an explorative qualitative research design; comparability and generalizability of research results are low. Our analysis furthermore shows a near-exclusive research focus on racism on the interpersonal level as compared to institutional and structural levels. Our synthesis of study results identifies three interrelated ways in which racism manifests in and impacts migrants’ healthcare: 1) general anti-migration bias, 2) health- and healthcare-related prejudice, and 3) differential medical treatment.

Conclusions
Our review underscores how racism reinforces inequities in healthcare access and quality for racialized migrants. It also highlights the need for more research on racism in Europe across a greater scope of country contexts, healthcare settings and migrant/racialized categories in order to understand specific forms of racism and capture race as a context-contingent social construct. It is critical that future research includes the consideration of individual-level racism as embedded in racism on institutional and structural levels. Methods and insights from other disciplines may help to critically examine concepts in light of underlying historical, sociopolitical and socioeconomic processes and structures, and to improve methods for researching racialization and racism in healthcare.
Construction of a plasmid-free l-leucine overproducing Escherichia coli strain through reprogramming of the metabolic flux
Authors: Hao Yanan , Pan Xuewei , Li Guomin , You Jiajia , Zhang Hengwei , Yan Sihan , Xu Meijuan , Rao Zhiming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
l-Leucine is a high-value amino acid with promising applications in the medicine and feed industries. However, the complex metabolic network and intracellular redox imbalance in fermentative microbes limit their efficient biosynthesis of l-leucine.

Results
In this study, we applied rational metabolic engineering and a dynamic regulation strategy to construct a plasmid-free, non-auxotrophic Escherichia coli strain that overproduces l-leucine. First, the l-leucine biosynthesis pathway was strengthened through multi-step rational metabolic engineering. Then, a cooperative cofactor utilization strategy was designed to ensure redox balance for l-leucine production. Finally, to further improve the l-leucine yield, a toggle switch for dynamically controlling sucAB expression was applied to accurately regulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the carbon flux toward l-leucine biosynthesis. Strain LEU27 produced up to 55 g/L of l-leucine, with a yield of 0.23 g/g glucose.

Conclusions
The combination of strategies can be applied to the development of microbial platforms that produce l-leucine and its derivatives.
Porcine ear necrosis: characterization of lesions and associated pathogens
Authors: Malik Mateusz , Chiers Koen , Theuns Sebastiaan , Vereecke Nick , Chantziaras Ilias , Croubels Siska , Maes Dominiek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPorcine ear necrosis (PEN) is characterized by ulcerative lesions of the ear auricle. To investigate that problem, three farms with PEN in nursery pigs were included, and the study aim was to characterize PEN and the potential role of pathogens and mycotoxins. Within each farm, one batch of weaned piglets was included and the prevalence and severity of PEN were monitored for 6–7 weeks. Within each batch, 30 PEN-affected/non-affected animals were randomly selected. Blood samples were taken from these animals, to assess the systemic presence of pathogens and mycotoxins, as well as punch biopsies from the ear auricle for histopathological examination. From 10 animals, scrapings and swabs from the lesions were subjected to nanopore metagenomic sequencing and bacteriological cultivation, respectively. In all three farms, lesions appeared within 3–4 weeks post-weaning. The prevalence at the end of the nursery was 33%, 24%, and 46% for farms A, B, and C, respectively. Most affected pigs had mild to moderate lesions. Blood samples revealed low to very low levels of pathogens and mycotoxins. Different bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Mycoplasma, and Clostridium species were identified by sequencing in the scrapings. The first two pathogens were also most often identified in bacterial cultures. Mycoplasma hyopharyngis was only found in PEN-affected pigs. Histopathological changes were primarily observed in the outer layer of the epidermis. The results suggest that PEN lesions develop by damage to the outer part of the skin e.g. by ear suckling or biting, followed by multiplication of opportunistic pathogens.