bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dual role of striatal interneurons: circuit modulation and trophic support for the basal ganglia
Authors: Wegman Elliot , Wosiski-Kuhn Marlena , Luo Yu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Striatal interneurons play a key role in modulating striatal-dependent behaviors, including motor activity and reward and emotional processing. Interneurons not only provide modulation to the basal ganglia circuitry under homeostasis but are also involved in changes to plasticity and adaptation during disease conditions such as Parkinson’s or Huntington’s disease. This review aims to summarize recent findings regarding the role of striatal cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons in providing circuit modulation to the basal ganglia in both homeostatic and disease conditions. In addition to direct circuit modulation, striatal interneurons have also been shown to provide trophic support to maintain neuron populations in adulthood. We discuss this interesting and novel role of striatal interneurons, with a focus on the maintenance of adult dopaminergic neurons from interneuron-derived sonic-hedgehog.
Enhancement of endogenous midbrain neurogenesis by microneurotrophin BNN-20 after neural progenitor grafting in a mouse model of nigral degeneration
Authors: Mourtzi Theodora , Antoniou Nasia , Dimitriou Christina , Gkaravelas Panagiotis , Athanasopoulou Georgia , Kostantzo Panagiota Nti , Stathi Olga , Theodorou Efthymia , Anesti Maria , Matsas Rebecca , Angelatou Fevronia , Kouroupi Georgia , Kazanis Ilias 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202406000-00036/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T152229Z/r/image-tiff

We have previously shown the neuroprotective and pro-neurogenic activity of microneurotrophin BNN-20 in the substantia nigra of the “weaver” mouse, a model of progressive nigrostriatal degeneration. Here, we extended our investigation in two clinically-relevant ways. First, we assessed the effects of BNN-20 on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells and neurons derived from healthy and parkinsonian donors. Second, we assessed if BNN-20 can boost the outcome of mouse neural progenitor cell intranigral transplantations in weaver mice, at late stages of degeneration. We found that BNN-20 has limited direct effects on cultured human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells, marginally enhancing their differentiation towards neurons and partially reversing the pathological phenotype of dopaminergic neurons generated from parkinsonian donors. In agreement, we found no effects of BNN-20 on the mouse neural progenitor cells grafted in the substantia nigra of weaver mice. However, the graft strongly induced an endogenous neurogenic response throughout the midbrain, which was significantly enhanced by the administration of microneurotrophin BNN-20. Our results provide straightforward evidence of the existence of an endogenous midbrain neurogenic system that can be specifically strengthened by BNN-20. Interestingly, the lack of major similar activity on cultured human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors and their progeny reveals the in vivo specificity of the aforementioned pro-neurogenic effect.
Exercise-with-melatonin therapy improves sleep disorder and motor dysfunction in a rat model of ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhao Haitao , Zhang Tong , Zhang Haojie , Wang Yunlei , Cheng Lingna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202406000-00038/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T152229Z/r/image-tiff

Exercise-with-melatonin therapy has complementary and synergistic effects on spinal cord injury and Alzheimer’s disease, but its effect on stroke is still poorly understood. In this study, we established a rat model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes. We treated the rats with exercise and melatonin therapy for 7 consecutive days. Results showed that exercise-with-melatonin therapy significantly prolonged sleep duration in the model rats, increased delta power values, and regularized delta power rhythm. Additionally, exercise-with-melatonin therapy improved coordination, endurance, and grip strength, as well as learning and memory abilities. At the same time, it led to higher hippocampal CA1 neuron activity and postsynaptic density thickness and lower expression of glutamate receptor 2 than did exercise or melatonin therapy alone. These findings suggest that exercise-with-melatonin therapy can alleviate sleep disorder and motor dysfunction by increasing glutamate receptor 2 protein expression and regulating hippocampal CA1 synaptic plasticity.
Hemorrhagic transformation in patients with large-artery atherosclerotic stroke is associated with the gut microbiota and lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Huang Qin , Wei Minping , Feng Xianjing , Luo Yunfang , Liu Yunhai , Xia Jian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202407000-00032/figure1/v/2023-11-20T171125Z/r/image-tiff

Hemorrhagic transformation is a major complication of large-artery atherosclerotic stroke (a major ischemic stroke subtype) that worsens outcomes and increases mortality. Disruption of the gut microbiota is an important feature of stroke, and some specific bacteria and bacterial metabolites may contribute to hemorrhagic transformation pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiota and hemorrhagic transformation in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke. An observational retrospective study was conducted. From May 2020 to September 2021, blood and fecal samples were obtained upon admission from 32 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke and not undergoing intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy, as well as 16 healthy controls. Patients with stroke who developed hemorrhagic transformation (n = 15) were compared to those who did not develop hemorrhagic transformation (n = 17) and with healthy controls. The gut microbiota was assessed through 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing. We also examined key components of the lipopolysaccharide pathway: lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and soluble CD14. We observed that bacterial diversity was decreased in both the hemorrhagic transformation and non-hemorrhagic transformation group compared with the healthy controls. The patients with ischemic stroke who developed hemorrhagic transformation exhibited altered gut microbiota composition, in particular an increase in the relative abundance and diversity of members belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Plasma lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels were higher in the hemorrhagic transformation group compared with the non-hemorrhagic transformation group. lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and soluble CD14 concentrations were associated with increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae. Next, the role of the gut microbiota in hemorrhagic transformation was evaluated using an experimental stroke rat model. In this model, transplantation of the gut microbiota from hemorrhagic transformation rats into the recipient rats triggered higher plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and soluble CD14. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a noticeable change in the gut microbiota and lipopolysaccharide-related inflammatory response in stroke patients with hemorrhagic transformation. This suggests that maintaining a balanced gut microbiota may be an important factor in preventing hemorrhagic transformation after stroke.
Targeting tau in Alzheimer's disease: from mechanisms to clinical therapy
Authors: Ye Jinwang , Wan Huali , Chen Sihua , Liu Gong-Ping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease affecting older adults. Primary features of Alzheimer's disease include extracellular aggregation of amyloid-β plaques and the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles, formed by tau protein, in the cells. While there are amyloid-β-targeting therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, these therapies are costly and exhibit potential negative side effects. Mounting evidence suggests significant involvement of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration. As an important microtubule-associated protein, tau plays an important role in maintaining the stability of neuronal microtubules and promoting axonal growth. In fact, clinical studies have shown that abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein occurs before accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain. Various therapeutic strategies targeting tau protein have begun to emerge, and are considered possible methods to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, abnormalities in post-translational modifications of the tau protein, including aberrant phosphorylation, ubiquitination, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylation, acetylation, and truncation, contribute to its microtubule dissociation, misfolding, and subcellular missorting. This causes mitochondrial damage, synaptic impairments, gliosis, and neuroinflammation, eventually leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. This review summarizes the recent findings on the underlying mechanisms of tau protein in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease and discusses tau-targeted treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Genetic pathways in cerebral palsy: a review of the implications for precision diagnosis and understanding disease mechanisms
Authors: Xu Yiran , Li Yifei , Richard Seidu A. , Sun Yanyan , Zhu Changlian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCerebral palsy is a diagnostic term utilized to describe a group of permanent disorders affecting movement and posture. Patients with cerebral palsy are often only capable of limited activity, resulting from non-progressive disturbances in the fetal or neonatal brain. These disturbances severely impact the child's daily life and impose a substantial economic burden on the family. Although cerebral palsy encompasses various brain injuries leading to similar clinical outcomes, the understanding of its etiological pathways remains incomplete owing to its complexity and heterogeneity. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the genetic factors influencing cerebral palsy development. It is now widely acknowledged that genetic mutations and alterations play a pivotal role in cerebral palsy development, which can be further influenced by environmental factors. Despite continuous research endeavors, the underlying factors contributing to cerebral palsy remain are still elusive. However, significant progress has been made in genetic research that has markedly enhanced our comprehension of the genetic factors underlying cerebral palsy development. Moreover, these genetic factors have been categorized based on the identified gene mutations in patients through clinical genotyping, including thrombosis, angiogenesis, mitochondrial and oxidative phosphorylation function, neuronal migration, and cellular autophagy. Furthermore, exploring targeted genotypes holds potential for precision treatment. In conclusion, advancements in genetic research have substantially improved our understanding of the genetic causes underlying cerebral palsy. These breakthroughs have the potential to pave the way for new treatments and therapies, consequently shaping the future of cerebral palsy research and its clinical management. The investigation of cerebral palsy genetics holds the potential to significantly advance treatments and management strategies. By elucidating the underlying cellular mechanisms, we can develop targeted interventions to optimize outcomes. A continued collaboration between researchers and clinicians is imperative to comprehensively unravel the intricate genetic etiology of cerebral palsy.
Testing modalities for ALK-driven lung cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Nathany Shrinidhi , Sharma Mansi , Batra Ullas 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises a distinct molecular entity with a reported global prevalence of 5–7%. The development and rapid approvals of small molecule ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have led to the development of diagnostic strategies with robust methodology and superior attributes. Owing to myriad alterations which can be present in the ALK gene in NSCLC, it is important to understand the principal attributes as well as limitations of each to aid in optimal therapeutic decision making. To prepare this review, we used the keywords, “ALK detection,” “ALK NGS,” “ALK TKI,” and “EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4)-ALK,” to search within scientific databases like Scopus, PubMed, and Embase. We chose 55 articles that we identified from this search. Detection of ALK is an essential frontline diagnostic test as per all international and national recommendations. The various modalities available include immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and DNA/RNA-based next-generation sequencing. Each has its own advantages and limitations with respect to test metrics like sensitivity and specificity, as well as ease of use, availability, and cost. This is a detailed review of these various techniques and their attributes.
Strategies for closing the posterior rectus sheath during enhanced view totally extraperitoneal Rives-Stoppa repair
Authors: Baig Sarfaraz Jalil , Gandhi Jignesh A. , Gajjar Aarsh P. , Priya Pallawi , Sane Devashree 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The popularity of endolaparoscopic extraperitoneal repairs has been on the rise due to advantages such as sublay mesh placement and early return to daily activities. However, the procedure requires overcoming a learning curve, and with increased adoption, new complications have emerged. One significant complication is the rupture of the posterior rectus sheath (PRS). In this article, we present our modifications of the technique to reduce tension during PRS closure.

Patients and Methods:
The study included 105 patients who underwent endolaparoscopic extraperitoneal repairs for ventral hernias using two different techniques. Group A (n = 68) underwent the original technique, whereas Group B (n = 37) underwent the modified technique. The modifications in Group B included preserving the peritoneal bridge between the two PRS and the hernia sac, conducting a complete dissection of the space of Bogros and adopting a transverse or oblique closure of PRS along the lines of least tension. To assess the efficacy of these modifications in preventing PRS rupture, we compared the results of both groups.

Results:
Our findings indicate that following all the technical steps of the modified technique resulted in a reduced need for transversus abdominis release for PRS closure and a lower incidence of PRS rupture in the postoperative period. However, to further validate the effectiveness of these modifications, a larger follow-up period and a bigger sample size are required.

Conclusions:
The adoption of the modified technique can help achieve a tension-free PRS closure.
Feasibility and safety of redo laparoscopic repair of recurrent inguinal hernia following previous endolaparoscopic repair
Authors: Shenoy K. Ganesh , Makam Ramesh 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Laparoscopic redo inguinal hernia (LRIH) repairs are fraught with challenges as the pre-peritoneal space is violated due to previous surgery and the presence of mesh. The purpose of this study was to present the feasibility and safety of LRIH in a series of patients with recurrent inguinal hernia following previous endolaparoscopic repair and present technical experiences and clinical outcomes in this subset of patients.

Patients and Methods:
This was a retrospective study from a prospective database of 16 patients who underwent LRIH between March 2014 and December 2020. The decision to do a redo laparoscopic surgery was undertaken after a detailed discussion with the patient. The operative details, challenges faced and tips to overcome difficulties have been explained in detail.

Results:
Out of 16 patients (mean age 49.5 years, all men), 15 underwent laparoscopic redo trans-abdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP) mesh repair and 1 underwent laparoscopic enhanced-view totally extra-peritoneal (eTEP) mesh repair. The mean operating time was 68.5 min for unilateral, 115 min for bilateral TAPP and 90 min for eTEP. The main contributing factors for recurrences were mesh migration, insufficient size of the mesh and inadequate fixation. There was no conversion to open repair. The duration of stay was 1–2 days. There was no documented re-recurrence during the follow-up period of 2–9 years.

Conclusion:
Based on our experience, redo laparoscopic inguinal hernia mesh repair after previous endolaparoscopic repair is feasible, effective and safe in experienced hands.
Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic longitudinal pancreatojejunostomy and modified Frey’s procedure for patients of chronic pancreatitis: A 10-year experience
Authors: Rege Sameer , Banker Amay , Shah Sulay , Bhesania Dhaval 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
To mitigate the morbidity associated with open procedures for chronic pancreatitis (CP), there is a paradigm shift towards the laparoscopic approach. However, since these procedures are technically demanding, literature is still limited. We present our experience and long-term outcomes in the management of CP with laparoscopic surgical procedures.

Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective observational study of patients who underwent a laparoscopic surgery for CP between 2009 and 2019. Pain scores using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were compared pre- and postoperatively. In patients with diabetes, the pre- and post-operative insulin requirement was compared.

Results:
Data of 62 patients were analysed. The mean duration of follow-up was 69 (±22) months. All patients had pain relief post-surgery. The relief of pain was sustained, with the median VAS scores being 1 at 3- and 5-year follow-up. There was a decrease in the median insulin requirement of diabetic patients, which was significant at 3-month and 1-year follow-up (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates that laparoscopic surgical procedures offer long-term pain control with low morbidity. Effective ductal decompression may result in a short-term improvement of the endocrine function of the gland.
What is the ideal preconditioning time to reduce laparoscopic-induced oxidative stress?
Authors: Yazicioglu Murat Burc , Eraldemir Fatma Ceyla , Gunes Abdullah , Turgut Hamdi Taner , Ciftci Ali 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Ischaemic preconditioning is the most effective method for the prevention of ischaemic-reperfusion injury; however, no study has examined the question of the ideal time for ischaemic preconditioning.

Patients and Methods:
The patients were divided into five groups, each group including of 20 patients. The precondition was applied as 1, 5, 10 and 15 min in Groups I, II, III and IV and Group V was the control group. Repeated blood samples were taken to measure the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status and oxidative stress index (OSI) values, just before insufflation, at the end of the operation and at 6 and 24 h of the post-operative period.

Results:
A significant difference was observed between the TAS values at the end of the operation and at the sixth post-operative time of the four groups (P = 0.001, 0.000, 0.001, 0.019 and 0.033, respectively). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between TAS values at the post-operative 24th h of Group III and Group V, and also a significant difference was observed between the OSI values at the post-operative 6th h of Groups III and V.

Conclusion:
The low OSI and TAS values may interpret as a low degree of oxidative damage. The OSI values at the post-operative 6 h of Groups I and II were lower than those of other groups. We accept this result as low oxidative damage.
Laparoscopic limited hemicolectomy for descending colo-colic intussusception in an adult
Authors: Akash Akash , Kumar Aditya , Gupta Nikhil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Intussusception in adults represents 1% of bowel obstructions and up to 0.02% of all hospital admissions. Amongst these, colo-colic intussusception of the descending colon forms the rarest of causes due to the fixed nature of the descending colon. Most of adult intussusceptions follow a lead point and are commonly due to colonic malignancy which may get missed on pre-operative evaluation. Surgery is usually warranted as these patients are usually symptomatic and at risk of vascular compromise, leading to perforations and obscure malignancies. We present a case of laparoscopic limited hemicolectomy and primary anastomosis in a middle-aged male who presented with colo-colic intussusception, which appeared to be following a malignant mass on imaging and lipoma on colonoscopic biopsy done twice. Keeping in mind the possibility of a malignant lead point, no attempt was made to reduce the intussusception and a vessel first approach with 5 cm margin on either side was performed.
A clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of Ayurvedic intervention in management of chronic bronchitis
Authors: Tomar Rinku , Yadav Babita , Singh Harbans , Hetalben Amin , Khanduri Shruti , Sharma Bhagwan Sahay , Rana Rakesh , Singhal Richa , Chandrasekhararao Bhogavalli , Srikanth Narayanam , Dhiman Kartar Singh 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Talisadi Churna (TC) is an Ayurveda formulation indicated in managing Kaphaja Kasa. The symptoms of Kaphaja Kasa, narrated in the Ayurveda classical texts, resembles with chronic bronchitis (CB). This open-label, single-arm, prospective study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of TC in the management of CB.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Seventy-five patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for CB were enrolled at Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Respiratory Disorders, Patiala. They were treated by oral administration of TC 3 gm thrice a day for 12 weeks with a post-treatment follow-up after four weeks. The results were assessed by change in Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) Score, episodes of acute exacerbation, change in St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) Score for Quality-of-life, Functional/Exercise capacity [change in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and FEV1%] and occurrence of adverse events.

RESULTS:
Sixty-eight participants completed the study. Significant results (P < 0.001) is found in wheezing, nausea, etc and in the cardinal symptoms such as breathlessness, cough, and expectoration. Statistically significant changes were found in LCQ, SGRQ, and PEFR parameters. No adverse events were reported during the study period.

CONCLUSION:
Talisadi Churna may be found effective in conditions such as Chronic Bronchitis. Based on the promising results of this study, randomized controlled trials with adequate sample size may be planned on Talisadi Churna in Chronic Bronchitis compared to standard care or as an add-on therapy with conventional medicine. Therefore TC can be further evaluated for incorporating it under the standard measure for management of CB.