bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The transcriptional state and chromatin landscape of cichlid jaw shape variation across species and environments
Authors: Tetrault Emily , Swenson John , Aaronson Ben , Marcho Chelsea , Albertson R. Craig 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdaptive phenotypes are shaped by a combination of genetic and environmental forces, but how they interact remains poorly understood. Here, we utilize the cichlid oral jaw apparatus to better understand these gene‐by‐environment effects. First, we employed RNA‐seq in bony and ligamentous tissues important for jaw opening to identify differentially expressed genes between species and across foraging environments. We used two Lake Malawi species adapted to different foraging habitats along the pelagic–benthic ecomorphological axis. Our foraging treatments were designed to force animals to employ either suction or biting/scraping, which broadly mimic pelagic or benthic modes of feeding. We found a large number of differentially expressed genes between species, and while we identified relatively few differences between environments, species differences were far more pronounced when they were challenged with a pelagic versus benthic foraging mode. Expression data carried the signature of genetic assimilation, and implicated cell cycle regulation in shaping the jaw across species and environments. Next, we repeated the foraging experiment and performed ATAC‐seq procedures on nuclei harvested from the same tissues. Cross‐referencing results from both analyses revealed subsets of genes that were both differentially expressed and differentially accessible. This reduced dataset implicated notable candidate genes including the Hedgehog effector,KIAA0586and the ETS transcription factor,etv4, which connects environmental stress and craniofacial morphogenesis. Taken together, these data provide novel insights into the epigenetic, genetic and cellular bases of species‐ and environment‐specific bone shapes.
Efficient data dimensionality reduction method for improving road crack classification algorithms
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lozano Francisco J. , Gámez‐Granados Juan C. , Palomares Jose M. , Olivares Joaquín 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutomatic crack classification plays an essential role in road maintenance. Using many features for the classification is inefficient for implementing embedded systems with low computational resources makes it difficult. Therefore, this work proposes a new data dimensionality reduction (DDR) for crack classification algorithms (DDR4CC). DDR4CC reduces the required information about the cracks to only four features. Using these features, the images can be classified into longitudinal, transverse, and alligator cracks or healthy pavement. DDR4CC is compared with eight DDR methods, and the reduced set of features is analyzed using five different classification algorithms. Besides, five different datasets, generated by a combination of several public datasets, are used. We are proposing a simple DDR method with high interpretability of the data, obtaining very fast computation and high accuracy. Experiments show that DDR4CC enhances the results of the classification algorithms, providing almost perfect classifiers with a minimum computation time.
The migratory whale herd concept: A novel unit to conserve under the ecological paradigm
Authors: Martien Karen K. , Taylor Barbara L. , Lang Aimée R. , Clapham Phillip J. , Weller David W. , Archer Frederick I. , Calambokidis John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotographic and genetic studies have revealed the complex population structure of migratory large whales. Most research and management are geographically based, focusing on either wintering or summering areas, which in most cases fails to capture this complexity. We use examples from humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) to illustrate the concept of migratory herds, defined here as conspecific whales that migrate between the same wintering and feeding ground. In cases where individuals show strong fidelity to both feeding and wintering grounds, and therefore to a herd, dispersal between herds can be low enough to render them as demographically independent populations, where population dynamics are determined more by net internal recruitment (births minus deaths) than by immigration from outside sources. In these cases, the migratory whale herd is the appropriate unit to conserve under the ecological paradigm that focuses on groups united by demographic forces. We suggest that when addressing questions focused on ecological timescales for whale species with strong fidelity to migratory destinations, the migratory whale herd is a better initial working hypothesis rather than one based on geographically defined strata.
‘In Contemplation only’: Revisiting the Debate between the Chalcedonians and Anti‐Chalcedonians on the Reality of the Natures of Christ
Authors: Mateiescu Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough a theological exchange of ideas between Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Christians flourished at the end of the twentieth century, the ecumenical achievements of these discussions have been met with notable objections and critiques by theologians. This article focuses on one key notion that was highlighted for having been left unresolved in the ecumenical discussions, namely the concept of the difference of the natures of Christ ‘in contemplation only’ (ἐν ϑεωρίᾳ μόνῃ). The essay revises the traditional Chalcedonian perspective with regard to the interpretation of difference in contemplation, which considers it to be based on the assumption of a real distinction between the natures after Incarnation. The argument shows that this view was intended to form a response to the anti‐Chalcedonian notionalist interpretation, according to which the natures are only conceptually differentiated. By reconstructing the philosophical background of some notable sixth‐century Chalcedonian theologians, along with Cyril of Alexandria as the main theological source for the anti‐Chalcedonians, the essay will suggest that they bear the influence of opposing philosophical perspectives on conceptualization. The argument will show how some of the theological differences between the Chalcedonians and Cyril follow closely opposing attitudes in ancient philosophy towards fictional entities and conceptual constructivism. The conclusion will advocate that future ecumenical dialogues should take into account the relevance of these epistemological differences.
Meiotic pairing irregularity and homoeologous chromosome compensation cause rapid karyotype variation in synthetic allotetraploid wheat
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Juzuo , Lv Ruili , Wang Bin , Zhang Zhibin , Yu Tingting , Liu Shuhan , Xun Hongwei , Xu Chunming , Wendel Jonathan F. , Liu Bao 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Allopolyploidization may initiate rapid evolution due to heritable karyotypic changes. The types and extents of these changes, the underlying causes, and their effects on phenotype remain to be fully understood.
Here, we designed experimental populations suitable to address these issues using a synthetic allotetraploid wheat.
We show that extensive variation in both chromosome number (NCV) and structure (SCV) accumulated in a selfed population of a synthetic allotetraploid wheat (genome SbSbDD). The combination of NCVs and SCVs generated massive organismal karyotypic heterogeneity. NCVs and SCVs were intrinsically correlated and highly variable across the seven sets of homoeologous chromosomes. Both NCVs and SCVs stemmed from meiotic pairing irregularity (presumably homoeologous pairing) but were also constrained by homoeologous chromosome compensation. We further show that homoeologous meiotic pairing was positively correlated with sequence synteny at the subtelomeric regions of both chromosome arms, but not with genic nucleotide similarity per se. Both NCVs and SCVs impacted phenotypic traits but only NCVs caused significant reduction in reproductive fitness.
Our results implicate factors influencing meiotic homoeologous chromosome pairing and reveal the type and extent of karyotypic variation and its immediate phenotypic manifestation in synthetic allotetraploid wheat. This has relevance for our understanding of allopolyploid evolution.
Refugees' and asylum seekers' experiences of individual psychological therapy: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Khairat Mariam , Hodge Suzanne , Duxbury Anna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe current review aimed to synthesise qualitative literature exploring adult refugees' and asylum seekers' experiences of individual psychological therapy.MethodsA comprehensive systematic search of the following databases led to the identification of eight studies for inclusion in this review: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Academic Search Ultimate. All selected studies used qualitative methodology to explore refugees' and asylum seekers' experiences of individual psychological therapy. Studies were appraised using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Tool. The data from these selected studies were then synthesised using a meta‐ethnographic approach.ResultsThe synthesis of selected studies resulted in the development of five themes; (i) the importance of recognition and validation within therapy, (ii) building a human connection within the therapeutic relationship and the importance of cultural competency, (iii) revisiting trauma, managing difficult emotions from therapy and regaining hope, (iv) the value of practical interventions, (v) ‘one should not wake up the djinns (demons)’—cultural stigma and accessing therapy. These themes illustrated the complexities of working therapeutically with asylum seekers and refugees and the vital role of building trust and safety within the therapeutic relationship prior to engagement in therapeutic work. The results also highlighted varied responses to engaging in trauma work ranging from participants finding the experience transformative to others finding it unhelpful, some participants preferred more practical interventions. Participants' cultural backgrounds and pre‐conceptions around therapy impacted on engagement and the therapist's cultural competency was a significant factor in therapeutic engagement.ConclusionsWorking therapeutically with asylum seekers and refugees involves a number of factors for consideration. Forced migrants' socio‐political context was seen as central to their experiences of distress and recognition of these factors was imperative for positive therapeutic engagement. This review highlights a number of clinical implications to guide practitioners working therapeutically with this community.
Parental history of dementia and the risk of dementia: A cross‐sectional analysis of a global collaborative study
Authors: Oh Dae Jong , Bae Jong Bin , Lipnicki Darren M. , Han Ji Won , Sachdev Perminder S. , Kim Tae Hui , Kwak Kyung Phil , Kim Bong Jo , Kim Shin Gyeom , Kim Jeong Lan , Moon Seok Woo , Park Joon Hyuk , Ryu Seung‐Ho , Youn Jong Chul , Lee Dong Young , Lee Dong Woo , Lee Seok Bum , Lee Jung Jae , Jhoo Jin Hyeong , Skoog Ingmar , Najar Jenna , Sterner Therese R. , Guaita Antonio , Vaccaro Roberta , Rolandi Elena , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Yannakoulia Mary , Kosmidis Mary H. , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G. , Roehr Susanne , Dominguez Jacqueline , De Guzman Ma Fe , Fowler Krizelle Cleo , Lobo Antonio , Saz Pedro , Lopez‐Anton Raul , Anstey Kaarin J. , Cherbuin Nicolas , Mortby Moyra E. , Brodaty Henry , Trollor Julian , Kochan Nicole , Kim Ki Woong ,   for Cohort Studies of Memory in an International Consortium (COSMIC)
Published: May 2023

BackgroundParental history of dementia appears to increase the risk of dementia, but there have been inconsistent results. We aimed to investigate whether the association between parental history of dementia and the risk of dementia are different by dementia subtypes and sex of parent and offspring.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional study, we harmonized and pooled data for 17,194 older adults from nine population‐based cohorts of eight countries. These studies conducted face‐to‐face diagnostic interviews, physical and neurological examinations, and neuropsychological assessments to diagnose dementia. We investigated the associations of maternal and paternal history of dementia with the risk of dementia and its subtypes in offspring.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 72.8 ± 7.9 years and 59.2% were female. Parental history of dementia was associated with higher risk of dementia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–1.86) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.31–2.26), but not with the risk of non‐AD. This was largely driven by maternal history of dementia, which was associated with the risk of dementia (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.15–1.97) and AD (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.33–2.43) whereas paternal history of dementia was not. These results remained significant when males and females were analyzed separately (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.28–3.55 in males; OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.16–2.44 for females).ConclusionsMaternal history of dementia was associated with the risk of dementia and AD in both males and females. Maternal history of dementia may be a useful marker for identifying individuals at higher risk of AD and stratifying the risk for AD in clinical trials.
Abortion—Reactionary theocracy rises in America, while declining elsewhere
Authors: Skidmore Max J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAbortion suddenly dominated politics when the U.S. Supreme Court overturned a half‐century of constitutional protection for reproductive choices. The issue varies around the world but is especially powerful in the United States because Protestant fundamentalists and Catholics cooperated to capture one of America's two major political parties. That Republican Party has now packed the courts. The result is the decision that melded political and religious ideologies into the radical Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. This article contends that anti‐abortion arguments are flawed and that an effective anti‐abortion policy requires a harsh authoritarian, if not totalitarian, government, fueled by misogyny and disregard for human rights. Such policies force pregnant women into what must be described as a condition of slavery. With Dobbs, the restrictions on individual freedom immediately began. There have been significant counter‐reactions, also, such as the referendum in Kansas on August 2, 2022, that overwhelmingly rejected a church‐led effort to strip abortion protections from the Kansas State Constitution.Related ArticlesCarmines, Edward G., Jessica C. Gerrity, and Michael W. Wagner. 2010. “How Abortion Became a Partisan Issue: Media Coverage of the Interest Group‐Political Party Connection.” Politics & Policy 38(6): 1135–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00272.x.Doan, Alesha E., and Corinne Schwarz. 2020. “Father Knows Best: ‘Protecting’ Women through State Surveillance and Social Control in Anti‐Abortion Policy.” Politics & Policy 48(1): 6–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12337.Medoff, Marshall H. 2010. “State Abortion Policy and the Long‐Term Impact of Parental Involvement Laws.” Politics & Policy 38(2): 193–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00235.x.
Giovanni Battista Ratti's Critique of Principles Theory
Authors: Alexy Robert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRatti has attacked principles theory in two respects. The first is that it is impossible to distinguish between rules and principles. The second is that the main thesis of principles theory, which says that balancing is the specific way of applying principles, is wrong. The result of Ratti's critique is his thesis that principles theory founders on a contradiction or, as Ratti calls it, an antinomy. All of this is based on two arguments: Ratti's disapplication argument and his law of concretization. I attempt to reject this analysis, for it is incomplete. It claims to be an analysis of balancing, but it misses the decisive point of balancing. Informed by this background, I defend the distinction between rules and principles as a distinction of the real and the ideal “ought.”
The role of elected politicians in donor‐led social protection: Insights from Zambia
Authors: Kuss Maria Klara , Gerstenberg Anne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElected politicians sit at the interface between the state and the citizens and play a critical role in shaping the social contract. This article presents rare insights into the participation of elected politicians in donor‐led social protection policy processes in Africa. Taking the case of Zambia, it uncovers the assigned and de facto roles and perceptions of Members of Parliament (MPs) in social cash transfers policy processes. The analysis reveals the agency of MPs, despite intense efforts of donors to influence and control them. Specifically, it demonstrates that donors' advocacy and learning initiatives largely failed to influence their views and values of social justice which underpin state‐society relations. Instead, MPs learned about the policy narratives of donors, enabling them to strategically employ those narratives to sustain donor relations. The article suggests that for donor‐led social protection to modify state‐society relations, MPs' active participation, full support, and deliberation are indispensable.
Whole genome scanning of a Mediterranean basin hotspot collection provides new insights into olive tree biodiversity and biology
Authors: Bazakos Christos , Alexiou Konstantinos G. , Ramos‐Onsins Sebastián , Koubouris Georgios , Tourvas Nikolaos , Xanthopoulou Aliki , Mellidou Ifigeneia , Moysiadis Theodoros , Vourlaki Ioanna‐Theoni , Metzidakis Ioannis , Sergentani Chrysi , Manolikaki Ioanna , Michailidis Michail , Pistikoudi Adamantia , Polidoros Alexios , Kostelenos George , Aravanopoulos Filippos , Molassiotis Athanassios , Ganopoulos Ioannis 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYOlive tree (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) is one of the most important species of the Mediterranean region and one of the most ancient species domesticated. The availability of whole genome assemblies and annotations of olive tree cultivars and oleaster (O. europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) has contributed to a better understanding of genetic and genomic differences between olive tree cultivars. However, compared to other plant species there is still a lack of genomic resources for olive tree populations that span the entire Mediterranean region. In the present study we developed the most complete genomic variation map and the most comprehensive catalog/resource of molecular variation to date for 89 olive tree genotypes originating from the entire Mediterranean basin, revealing the genetic diversity of this commercially significant crop tree and explaining the divergence/similarity among different variants. Additionally, the monumental ancient tree ‘Throuba Naxos’ was studied to characterize the potential origin or routes of olive tree domestication. Several candidate genes known to be associated with key agronomic traits, including olive oil quality and fruit yield, were uncovered by a selective sweep scan to be under selection pressure on all olive tree chromosomes. To further exploit the genomic and phenotypic resources obtained from the current work, genome‐wide association analyses were performed for 23 morphological and two agronomic traits. Significant associations were detected for eight traits that provide valuable candidates for fruit tree breeding and for deeper understanding of olive tree biology.
In vitro comparison of cold‐stored whole blood and reconstituted whole blood
Authors: Susila Sanna , Helin Tuukka , Lauronen Jouni , Joutsi‐Korhonen Lotta , Ilmakunnas Minna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCold‐stored whole blood (CSWB) is increasingly used in damage control resuscitation. Haemostatic function of CSWB seems superior to that of reconstituted whole blood, and it is sufficiently preserved for 14–21 days. To provide evidence for a yet insufficiently studied aspect of prehospital CSWB use, we compared in vitro haemostatic properties of CSWB and currently used in‐hospital and prehospital blood component therapies.Materials and MethodsBlood was obtained from 24 O RhD positive male donors. Three products were prepared: CSWB, in‐hospital component therapy (red blood cells [RBCs], OctaplasLG and platelets 1:1:1) and prehospital component therapy (RBCs and lyophilized plasma 1:1). Samples were drawn on days 1 and 14 of CSWB or RBC cold storage. On day 14, platelet concentrates at their expiry (5 days) were used for 1:1:1 mixing. Conventional clotting assays, rotational thromboelastometry, thrombin formation and platelet function were assessed.ResultsHaemoglobin, platelet count, fibrinogen and coagulation factor levels remained closest to physiological in CSWB. Factor VIII activity decreased markedly by day 14 in CSWB. The decline in platelet function was prominent in CSWB. However, CSWB on day 14 yielded physiological EXTEM MCF, suggesting haemostatically sufficient platelet function. Despite haemodilution and lower coagulation factor levels, in‐hospital component therapy was haemostatically adequate. Prehospital component therapy formed the weakest clots. Thrombin formation potential remained comparable and stable in all groups.ConclusionCurrent prehospital component therapy fails to offer the clotting potential that CSWB does. CSWB and current in‐hospital 1:1:1 component therapy show similar haemostatic potential until 14 days of storage.
Bounds on bilinear forms with Kloosterman sums
Authors: Kerr Bryce , Shparlinski Igor E. , Wu Xiaosheng , Xi Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe prove new bounds on bilinear forms with Kloosterman sums, complementing and improving a series of results by É. Fouvry, E. Kowalski and Ph. Michel (2014), V. Blomer, É. Fouvry, E. Kowalski, Ph. Michel and D. Milićević (2017), E. Kowalski, Ph. Michel and W. Sawin (2019, 2020) and I. E. Shparlinski (2019). These improvements rely on new estimates for Type II bilinear forms with incomplete Kloosterman sums. We also establish new estimates for bilinear forms with one variable from an arbitrary set by introducing techniques from additive combinatorics over prime fields. Some of these bounds have found a crucial application in the recent work of Wu (2020) on asymptotic formulas for the fourth moments of Dirichlet ‐functions. As new applications, an estimate for higher moments of averages of Kloosterman sums and the distribution of divisor function in a family of arithmetic progressions are also given.
Miniscope-LFOV: A large-field-of-view, single-cell-resolution, miniature microscope for wired and wire-free imaging of neural dynamics in freely behaving animals
Authors: Guo Changliang , Blair Garrett J. , Sehgal Megha , Sangiuliano Jimka Federico N. , Bellafard Arash , Silva Alcino J. , Golshani Peyman , Basso Michele A. , Blair Hugh Tad , Aharoni Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Imaging large-population, single-cell fluorescent dynamics in freely behaving animals larger than mice remains a key endeavor of neuroscience. We present a large-field-of-view open-source miniature microscope (MiniLFOV) designed for large-scale (3.6 mm × 2.7 mm), cellular resolution neural imaging in freely behaving rats. It has an electrically adjustable working distance of up to 3.5 mm ± 100 μm, incorporates an absolute head orientation sensor, and weighs only 13.9 g. The MiniLFOV is capable of both deep brain and cortical imaging and has been validated in freely behaving rats by simultaneously imaging >1000 GCaMP7s-expressing neurons in the hippocampal CA1 layer and in head-fixed mice by simultaneously imaging ~2000 neurons in the dorsal cortex through a cranial window. The MiniLFOV also supports optional wire-free operation using a novel, wire-free data acquisition expansion board. We expect that this new open-source implementation of the UCLA Miniscope platform will enable researchers to address novel hypotheses concerning brain function in freely behaving animals.