bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed bedtime on non‐school days associates with higher weight and waist circumference in children: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses with Mendelian randomisation
Authors: Viljakainen Heli , Engberg Elina , Dahlström Emma , Lommi Sohvi , Lahti Jari 
Published: March 2023

SummarySleep duration has been linked with obesity in population‐based studies. Less is known about bedtimes and, especially, if discrepancy between bedtimes on school and non‐school days associate with adiposity in children. The associations of self‐reported bedtimes with the body mass index z‐score (BMIz) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WtHr) were examined among children with a mean (SD) age of 11.2 (0.85) years in cross‐sectional (n = 10,245) and longitudinal (n = 5085) study settings. The causal relationship of whether BMIz contributes to bedtimes, was further examined in a subset of 1064 participants by exploiting Mendelian randomisation (MR). After adjusting for sleep duration and other confounders, every 0.5 h later bedtime on non‐school nights and a delay in bedtime in non‐school nights compared with school nights associated with 0.048 (95% CI 0.027; 0.069) and 0.08 (95% CI 0.056; 0.105) higher BMIz as well as 0.001 (95% CI 0; 0.002) and 0.004 (95% CI 0.003; 0.005) with higher WtHr, respectively. Moreover, every 0.5‐h delay in bedtime in non‐school nights compared with school nights associated with 0.001 (95% CI 0; 0.002) greater increase in WtHr in the 2.5 years follow‐up. Thus, a 2‐h delay in bedtime at the age of 11 years corresponds with a 0.6 cm increase in waist circumference. The MR analysis did not indicate an opposite causal relationship: higher BMIz was not causing delayed bedtimes. Later bedtime on non‐school days and discrepancy in bedtimes associated with increased BMIz and WtHr, while longitudinally these predicted higher WtHr, independently of sleep duration. Promoting early bedtimes, especially on weekends, should be considered in obesity prevention among school‐aged children.
Effect of occlusal equilibration on masticatory muscle activity in females with sleep bruxism: a double‐blind randomised controlled trial
Authors: de Abreu Tereza , Bahia Christianne , Foscaldo Tatiana , Senna Plinio , de Souza Hilda , Fischer Ricardo , Kirveskari Pentti 
Published: March 2023

SummaryMasticatory muscle activity during sleep has been considered independent of variations in the structural characteristics of the dental occlusion. However, scientific evidence contradicting an occlusal causal role is missing. The purpose of this study was to test the null hypothesis that sleep bruxism (SB) is independent of the presence of occlusal interferences. A total of 17 healthy female subjects (mean [SD] age 24.9 [4.1] years) presenting with SB, and randomly divided into two groups, were evaluated after receiving either elimination of occlusal interferences (Test group) or elimination of sharp margins without change in occlusal contacts (Control group). Audio‐video polysomnography (PSG) recordings were undertaken before and after treatment (mean [SD] duration 14.4 [3.8] months). Two subjects in each group (< 2 rhythmic masticatory muscle activity [RMMA]/h) were excluded for statistical analysis. During the total sleep time (TST), the Test group exhibited a higher reduction in frequency of episodes per hour than the Control group (p < 0.05). The reduction in duration of episodes was also higher in the Test group during the TST. The Test group presented an increase in sleep stage N3 (p < 0.05) at the final PSG when compared with the initial PSG, and a higher percentage of N3 (p < 0.05) at the final PSG when compared to the Control group. Elimination of occlusal interferences resulted in a significant reduction of masseter and temporal muscle activity during sleep in females presenting with SB. Based on these results, the null hypothesis is rejected. The hypothesis of occlusal interferences as a risk factor for SB is still patent.
Different methods for textural evaluation of freeze‐dried candies during storage
Authors: Archaina Diego , Pieniazek Facundo , Messina Valeria , Salvatori Daniela , Schebor Carolina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe textural changes during storage of two freeze‐dried candies developed from blackcurrant fruits, unflavored yogurt, and different alternative sweeteners, one sweetened with honey/isomalt (HI) and another sweetened with isomalt/stevia (IS), were analyzed using three different methods (instrumental, sensory, and image analysis). Fresh candies were in the supercooled state and presented different structural and textural characteristics (HI: compact and homogeneous, and IS: porous and crunchy), with Fmax values of 139 ± 14 and 174 ± 16 N for HI and IS, respectively. After storage, the instrumental analysis showed approximately 60% average drop inFmaxandWvalues, in agreement with the decrease observed by sensory analysis in hardness, fracturability, and crispness. Image analysis showed an increase in parameters related to the homogeneity and the uniformity/smoothness for HI. Pearson's correlation coefficients analysis showed that there was a good correlation between the three techniques used, suggesting that the joint use of these methods could be performed for a better understanding of complex food texture.
Fixing skeletal muscle PO2eliminates hyperinsulinemic microvascular blood flow response
Authors: Wells Brenda N. , Russell McEvoy Gaylene M. , Shogan Hamza , Kiley Meghan E. , Fraser Graham M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if insulin‐mediated hyperemia is partially dependent on local muscle oxygen concentration.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was reflected onto an inverted microscope. Intravital video microscopy sequences were recorded during baseline and hyperinsulinemic euglycemia. The muscle was reflected over a glass stage insert (Experiment 1a and 1b), or over a gas exchange chamber (Experiment 2), and microvascular capillary blood flow was recorded during sequential changes (7%–12%–2%–7%) of oxygen (O2) concentration. Blood flow was measured by the red blood cell supply rate (SR) in number of cells per second. All animal protocols were approved by Memorial University's Institutional Animal Care Committee.ResultsIn Experiment 1a, SR increased from 8.0 to 14.0 cells/s at baseline to euglycemia (p = .01), while no significant SR variation was detected after performing a sham hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (Experiment 1b). In Experiment 2, SR decreased at 12% O2and increased at 2% O2, compared to 7% O2, under both experimental conditions. Magnitude of SR responses to oxygen oscillations during euglycemia were not different to those at baseline at each O2concentration (p > .9).ConclusionsOur results suggest that increased blood flow observed in response to insulin is eliminated if tissue oxygen microenvironment is fixed at a given oxygen concentration.
The evolution of the civic–ethnic distinction as a partial success story: Lessons for the nationalism–patriotism distinction
Authors: Piwoni Eunike , Mußotter Marlene 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article brings, for the first time, two of the most pivotal distinctions in nationalism studies into extended dialogue: the civic–ethnic distinction (CED) and the nationalism–patriotism distinction (NPD). By reviewing both the evolution of those distinctions over the previous decades and the ways in which they have been used in quantitative empirical research, we argue that the CED's evolution has been a partial success story, whereas discourse around the NPD has not seen substantial development. Despite lingering inconsistencies, researchers drawing on the CED have been successful in addressing different lines of critique and in using the CED as a heuristic for investigating notions of nationhood as expressed in public perceptions. In contrast, there has been only limited dialogue between theoretical and empirical approaches to the NPD. The article illustrates how research drawing on the NPD could profit from the CED's evolution. We close by providing a conceptual roadmap to guide the path towards more terminological clarity and to construct more theoretically robust measures for nationalism and patriotism. We specifically suggest that nationalism and patriotism should be consistently understood as ideal types that citizens can simultaneously hold to varying degrees.
Reflections on post‐pandemic university teaching, the corresponding digitalisation of education and the lecture attendance crisis
Authors: Uekusa Shinya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis short commentary discusses effective university teaching in the context of the pandemic, the corresponding digitalisation of tertiary education, and the recent lecture attendance crisis. By critically reflecting on my own experience as a university educator and as a student in a teacher education course, I suggest that the attendance crisis presents an opportunity to explore effective teaching in a rapidly changing context. To improve our teaching and learning, we can reflect on what students and teachers have gone through and seek to understand who our students are.
Rate and anchorage loss during en‐masse retraction between friction and frictionless mechanics: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sardana Rinkle , Chugh Vinay Kumar , Bhatia Navleen Kaur , Shastri Dipti , Moungkhom Priyawati , Kumar Pravin , Chugh Ankita , Singh Surjit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare rate and anchorage loss during en‐masse retraction of anterior maxillary teeth between friction mechanics (FM) and frictionless mechanics (FLM).Setting and Sample PopulationThirty‐eight patients requiring en‐masse retraction of protruded anterior maxillary teeth were randomly allocated into FM and FLM groups.MethodsEn‐masse retraction with sliding mechanics (FM) using an elastomeric chain was compared with continuous mushroom loop archwire mechanics (FLM). Study models and lateral cephalograms were taken before (T1) and immediately after retraction (T2). The primary outcome was the rate of en‐masse retraction. Anchorage loss was the secondary outcome. Intergroup comparison was performed using an independent t test (P < .05).ResultsBaseline characteristics were similar between groups. Thirty‐six patients completed the trial. Two patients were lost to follow‐up in the FLM group. The rate of en‐masse retraction did not differ significantly (P = .625) between FM (0.7 mm/mo) and FLM (0.8 mm/mo) groups. The intragroup comparison showed significant anchorage loss in FM (2.28 mm) and FLM (1.13 mm) groups; however, the intergroup comparison showed no statistically significant difference (P = .093). Maxillary first molar showed a statistically significant change in angulation between the two mechanic groups (P < .001). Vertical movement of the maxillary incisor and first molar showed no significant difference between FM and FLM groups (P = .143, P = .546, respectively).ConclusionsThe rate of en‐masse retraction and anchorage loss was comparable between the FM and FLM groups. Significant anchorage loss was seen with both mechanics. The result suggests that both the mechanic group require external reinforcement to prevent anchorage loss.
Forward‐scattered and backward‐scattered light in moderate keratoconus
Authors: Villanueva Celia , Viviano Francesco , García‐Montero María , Lorente‐Velázquez Amalia , Martínez‐Alberquilla Irene , Garzón Nuria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the backscattered light, objective scatter index (OSI) and retinal straylight in patients with moderate keratoconus and healthy control subjects.MethodsA prospective observational study was developed with 33 patients in the moderate‐keratoconus group (KC) and 34 in the non‐keratoconus group (NKC). Corneal densitometry was obtained using Scheimpflug corneal tomography and measurements were expressed in grayscale units (GSU) over four zones within a 12.00 mm diameter around the corneal apex. A straylight meter was used to determine the amount of intraocular straylight under scotopic conditions, and the straylight parameter (LOG(s)) and test duration were recorded. The Optical Quality Analysis System based on the double‐pass technique determined the OSI value.ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the KC and NKC groups for corneal densitometry (except in the 6–10 mm zone), OSI and retinal straylight. A moderate and significant correlation was found between OSI and retinal straylight LOG(s) (r = 0.52, p = 0.002). Weaker and non‐significant correlations were found between corneal densitometry and the other parameters analysed (i.e., OSI, retinal straylight LOG(s) and retinal straylight times).ConclusionsBackscattered light, retinal straylight and the OSI show clear differences between healthy eyes and those with moderate KC. The changes present in the stages of KC evaluated in the current study (stages II and III according to the Amsler–Krumeich classification) might alter the scattering of the light entering the eye.
Making information silent: How opacity takes root in local governments?
Authors: Renteria Cesar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhether transparency policies are an effective tool for fighting corruption is still under debate. Some scholars have argued that making information available is insufficient for effective transparency. This effectiveness is moderated by the citizens' motivation to use the information and how public officers generate and store information. The latter suggests certain practices could undermine the value of information, but we still do not know enough about those. We argue that practices generating opacity are a way to undermine the value of information. To investigate this, we used a qualitative approach to explore the conditions or practices causing opacity in Mexican municipal governments. We found four tactics public officers use to generate opacity and three institutional conditions that allow it. These findings provide further insights into how the processing and use of information affect the effectiveness of transparency.
Impacts of the COVID‐19 Lockdown on Gender Inequalities in Time Spent on Paid and Unpaid Work in Singapore
Authors: Zang Emma , Tan Poh Lin , Lyttelton Thomas , Guo Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has affected gender inequalities in time spent on paid and unpaid work globally. Few studies outside of the Western context (i.e., countries in Australasia, Europe, or the Americas) have used longitudinal data to compare time use before and during the pandemic, focused on potential mechanisms through which the pandemic affects gender inequalities in time use, or examined the heterogeneous effects of socioeconomic status. We examine the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on gender inequalities in time spent on paid work, housework, and childcare in Singapore. Using a panel dataset of 290 married women interviewed before, during, and after the lockdown, and applying between‐within models, we find that gender gaps in housework hours increased during and persisted after the lockdown, even as the gender gap in paid work hours narrowed. The gap in childcare hours expanded among households with fewer resources but decreased among households with more resources. Mothers responded to loss of income and employment by increasing their childcare and housework time more than fathers, suggesting that “doing gender,” rather than time availability or material resources, provide the key mechanism explaining gendered changes in time use. Our results highlight that when a pandemic strikes, women, especially those in less‐resourced households, were put in a particularly vulnerable position compared to men.
Engineering microalgae for water phosphorus recovery to close the phosphorus cycle
Authors: Wang Long , Jia Xianqing , Xu Lei , Yu Jiahong , Ren Suna , Yang Yujie , Wang Kaibin , López‐Arredondo Damar , Herrera‐Estrella Luis , Lambers Hans , Yi Keke 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAs a finite and non‐renewable resource, phosphorus (P) is essential to all life and crucial for crop growth and food production. The boosted agricultural use and associated loss of P to the aquatic environment are increasing environmental pollution, harming ecosystems, and threatening future global food security. Thus, recovering and reusing P from water bodies is urgently needed to close the P cycle. As a natural, eco‐friendly, and sustainable reclamation strategy, microalgae‐based biological P recovery is considered a promising solution. However, the low P‐accumulation capacity and P‐removal efficiency of algal bioreactors restrict its application. Herein, it is demonstrated that manipulating genes involved in cellular P accumulation and signalling could triple the Chlamydomonas P‐storage capacity to ~7% of dry biomass, which is the highest P concentration in plants to date. Furthermore, the engineered algae could recover P from wastewater almost three times faster than the unengineered one, which could be directly used as a P fertilizer. Thus, engineering genes involved in cellular P accumulation and signalling in microalgae could be a promising strategy to enhance P uptake and accumulation, which have the potential to accelerate the application of algae for P recovery from the water body and closing the P cycle.
A refined roadmap to decapod sexual manipulation
Authors: Nguyen Ai Hang Tran , Glendinning Susan , Ventura Tomer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany decapod crustaceans with sexual dimorphism in body size are economically significant species for fisheries and aquaculture, making monosex culture a desirable practice to increase farmers' yield and profits. It is well established that the male‐specific androgenic gland (AG) mediates masculinization in decapods by producing and secreting the insulin‐like AG hormone (IAG). However, IAG is not a sex‐determining factor; hence, iag silencing in decapods does not always lead to successful sex change. Since the establishment of monosex populations in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the same AG/iag manipulation approach has been attempted in economically significant penaeid shrimps, crabs, crayfish and spiny lobsters, to no avail. There are many factors at play with species‐specific intricacies which require close examination when addressing monosex production. This review provides a refined roadmap to successful sexual manipulation in decapod crustaceans, highlighting the key caveats to be considered and critical gaps in knowledge such as the timing of iag expression compared to the development of sexual characteristics, the relationship between iag and a master regulator, as well as silencing capacity. Lastly, this review examines what the future might hold for monosex aquaculture in decapods, taking into consideration novel technologies such as gene editing.
Rogue wave patterns associated with Okamoto polynomial hierarchies
Authors: Yang Bo , Yang Jianke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe show that new types of rogue wave patterns exist in integrable systems, and these rogue patterns are described by root structures of Okamoto polynomial hierarchies. These rogue patterns arise when the τ functions of rogue wave solutions are determinants of Schur polynomials with index jumps of three, and an internal free parameter in these rogue waves gets large. We demonstrate these new rogue patterns in the Manakov system and the three‐wave resonant interaction system. For each system, we derive asymptotic predictions of its rogue patterns under a large internal parameter through Okamoto polynomial hierarchies. Unlike the previously reported rogue patterns associated with the Yablonskii–Vorob'ev hierarchy, a new feature in the present rogue patterns is that the mapping from the root structure of Okamoto‐hierarchy polynomials to the shape of the rogue pattern is linear only to the leading order, but becomes nonlinear to the next order. As a consequence, the current rogue patterns are often deformed, sometimes strongly deformed, from Okamoto‐hierarchy root structures, unless the underlying internal parameter is very large. Our analytical predictions of rogue patterns are compared to true solutions, and excellent agreement is observed, even when rogue patterns are strongly deformed from Okamoto‐hierarchy root structures.
A meta‐analytic evaluation of diversity training outcomes across cultures
Authors: Kawasaki Shota , Zou Xi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe extant literature on diversity training suggests that its effect size is small and varies across studies, calling for theorization on when and why diversity training does or does not work. In this article, we propose that the national cultural context is a critical moderator and conduct a meta‐analysis to examine its influence on diversity training. Our analyses show that the average effect size of diversity training outcomes is significant both inside and outside the U.S. The effect size of specific diversity training design is contingent on such cultural values as power distance, individualism, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance. We conclude our review by providing future directions for cross‐cultural research on diversity training.
Deep learning‐assisted prediction of protein–protein interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zheng Jingyan , Yang Xiaodi , Huang Yan , Yang Shiping , Wuchty Stefan , Zhang Ziding 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYCurrently, the experimentally identified interactome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is still far from complete, suggesting that computational prediction methods can complement experimental techniques. Motivated by the prosperity and success of deep learning algorithms and natural language processing techniques, we introduce an integrative deep learning framework, DeepAraPPI, allowing us to predict protein–protein interactions (PPIs) of Arabidopsis utilizing sequence, domain and Gene Ontology (GO) information. Our current DeepAraPPI comprises: (i) a word2vec encoding‐based Siamese recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN) model; (ii) a Domain2vec encoding‐based multiple‐layer perceptron (MLP) model; and (iii) a GO2vec encoding‐based MLP model. Finally, DeepAraPPI combines the prediction results of the three individual predictors through a logistic regression model. Compiling high‐quality positive and negative training and test samples by applying strict filtering strategies, DeepAraPPI shows superior performance compared with existing state‐of‐the‐art Arabidopsis PPI prediction methods. DeepAraPPI also provides better cross‐species predictive ability in rice (Oryza sativa) than traditional machine learning methods, although the overall performance in cross‐species prediction remains to be improved. DeepAraPPI is freely accessible at http://zzdlab.com/deeparappi/. In the meantime, we have also made the source code and data sets of DeepAraPPI available at https://github.com/zjy1125/DeepAraPPI.