bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain injury mobile diagnostic system: Applications in civilian medical service and on the battlefield—General concept and medical aspects
Authors: Kaźmierski Radosław 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo present the concept of a portable ultrasound tomography device for diagnosing traumatic and vascular brain lesions. The device consisting of multiple transcranial ultrasound probes placed on the surface of the head, specifically but not exclusively in natural acoustic windows. An integral part of the mobile diagnostic system (MDS) is a decision support system based on artificial intelligence algorithms utilizing information from: head images, laboratory data, and assessment of the patient's clinical condition. The MDS can significantly reduce the time from stroke onset to rtPA therapy in civilian medical services and support therapeutic and evacuation strategies in instances of brain and skull trauma on the battlefield.
The challenge of understanding and predicting phenotypic diversity in urea cycle disorders
Authors: Posset Roland , Zielonka Matthias , Gleich Florian , Garbade Sven F. , Hoffmann Georg F. , Kölker Stefan ,   for the Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC) and European registry and network for Intoxication type Metabolic Diseases (E‐IMD) Consortia Study Group
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (UCDC) and the European registry and network for Intoxication type Metabolic Diseases (E‐IMD) are the worldwide largest databases for individuals with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) comprising longitudinal data from more than 1100 individuals with an overall long‐term follow‐up of approximately 25 years. However, heterogeneity of the clinical phenotype as well as different diagnostic and therapeutic strategies hamper our understanding on the predictors of phenotypic diversity and the impact of disease‐immanent and interventional variables (e.g., diagnostic and therapeutic interventions) on the long‐term outcome. A new strategy using combined and comparative data analyses helped overcome this challenge. This review presents the mechanisms and relevant principles that are necessary for the identification of meaningful clinical associations by combining data from different data sources, and serves as a blueprint for future analyses of rare disease registries.
MR Neurography and Quantitative Muscle MRI of Parsonage Turner Syndrome Involving the Long Thoracic Nerve
Authors: Morena Jonathan , Tan Ek T. , Campbell Gracyn J. , Bhatti Pravjit , Li Qian , Geannette Christian S. , Lin Yenpo , Milani Carlo J. , Sneag Darryl B. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundParsonage‐Turner syndrome (PTS) is characterized by severe, acute upper extremity pain and subsequent paresis and most commonly involves the long thoracic nerve (LTN). While MR neurography (MRN) can detect LTN hourglass‐like constrictions (HGCs), quantitative muscle MRI (qMRI) can quantify serratus anterior muscle (SAM) neurogenic changes.Purpose/Hypothesis1) To characterize qMRI findings in LTN‐involved PTS. 2) To investigate associations between qMRI and clinical assessments of HGCs/electromyography (EMG).Study TypeProspective.Population30 PTS subjects (25 M/5 F, mean/range age = 39/15–67 years) with LTN involvement who underwent bilateral chest wall qMRI and unilateral brachial plexus MRN.Field Strength/Sequences3.0 Tesla/multiecho spin‐echo T2‐mapping, diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar‐imaging, multiecho gradient echo.AssessmentqMRI was performed to obtain T2, muscle diameter fat fraction (FF), and cross‐sectional area of the SAM. Clinical reports of MRN and EMG were obtained; from MRN, the number of HGCs; from EMG, SAM measurements of motor unit recruitment levels, fibrillations, and positive sharp waves. qMRI/MRN were performed within 90 days of EMG. EMG was performed on average 185 days from symptom onset (all ≥2 weeks from symptom onset) and 5 days preceding MRI.Statistical TestsPaired t‐tests were used to compare qMRI measures in the affected SAM versus the contralateral, unaffected side (P < 0.05 deemed statistically significant). Kendall's tau was used to determine associations between qMRI against HGCs and EMG.ResultsRelative to the unaffected SAM, the affected SAM had increased T2 (50.42 ± 6.62 vs. 39.09 ± 4.23 msec) and FF (8.45 ± 9.69 vs. 4.03% ± 1.97%), and decreased muscle diameter (74.26 ± 21.54 vs. 88.73 ± 17.61 μm) and cross‐sectional area (9.21 ± 3.75 vs. 16.77 ± 6.40 mm2). There were weak to negligible associations (tau = −0.229 to <0.001, P = 0.054–1.00) between individual qMRI biomarkers and clinical assessments of HGCs and EMG.Data ConclusionqMRI changes in the SAM were observed in subjects with PTS involving the LTN.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Effects of T1p Characteristics of Load‐Bearing Hip Cartilage on Bilateral Knee Patellar Cartilage Subregions: Subjects With None to Moderate Radiographic Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rupsa , Thahakoya Rafeek , Luitjens Johanna , Han Misung , Roach Koren E. , Jiang Fei , Souza Richard B. , Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe polyarticular nature of Osteoarthritis (OA) tends to manifest in multi‐joints. Associations between cartilage health in connected joints can help identify early degeneration and offer the potential for biomechanical intervention. Such associations between hip and knee cartilages remain understudied.PurposeTo investigate T1p associations between hip‐femoral and acetabular‐cartilage subregions with Intra‐limb and Inter‐limb patellar cartilage; whole and deep‐medial (DM), deep‐lateral (DL), superficial‐medial (SM), superficial‐lateral (SL) subregions.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty‐eight subjects (age 55.1 ± 12.8 years, 15 females) with none‐to‐moderate hip‐OA while no radiographic knee‐OA.Field Strength/Sequence3‐T, bilateral hip, and knee: 3D‐proton‐density‐fat‐saturated (PDFS) Cube and Magnetization‐Prepared‐Angle‐Modulated‐Partitioned‐k‐Space‐Spoiled‐Gradient‐Echo‐Snapshots (MAPSS).AssessmentAges of subjects were categorized into Group‐1 (≤40), Group‐2 (41–50), Group‐3 (51–60), Group‐4 (61–70), Group‐5 (71–80), and Group‐6 (≥81). Hip T1p maps, co‐registered to Cube, underwent an atlas‐based algorithm to quantify femoral and acetabular subregional (R2–R7) cartilage T1p. For knee Cube, a combination of V‐Net architectures was used to segment the patellar cartilage and subregions (DM, DL, SM, SL). T1p values were computed from co‐registered MAPSS.Statistical TestsFor Intra‐and‐Inter‐limb, 5 optimum predictors out of 13 (Hip subregional T1p, age group, gender) were selected by univariate linear‐regression, to predict outcome (patellar T1p). The top five predictors were stepwise added to six linear mixed‐effect (LME) models. In all LME models, we assume the data come from the same subject sharing the same random effect. The best‐performing models (LME‐modelbest) selected via ANOVA, were tested with DM, SM, SL, and DL subregional‐mean T1p. LME assumptions were verified (normality of residuals, random‐effects, and posterior‐predictive‐checks).ResultsLME‐modelbest (Intra‐limb) had significant negative and positive fixed‐effects of femoral‐R5 and acetabular‐R2 T1p, respectively (conditional‐R2 = 0.581). LME‐modelbest (Inter‐limb) had significant positive fixed‐effects of femoral‐R3 T1p (conditional‐R2 = 0.26).Data ConclusionSignificant positive and negative T1p associations were identified between load‐bearing hip cartilage‐subregions vs. ipsilateral and contralateral patellar cartilages respectively. The effects were localized on medial subregions of Inter‐limb, in particular.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Intra‐ and interlaboratory reproducibility of the RIATOL qPCR HPV genotyping assay
Authors: Dhillon Sharonjit K. , Chung Pui Yan Jenny , Padalko Elizaveta , Praet Marleen , Pereira Ana Rita , Redzic Nina , Vanden Broeck Davy , Arbyn Marc 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe implementation of cervical screening based on human papillomavirus (HPV) continues to progress rapidly across countries. Evidence has shown that assays detecting high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are more effective than cytology‐based screening. Validation of new hrHPV DNA assays requires both noninferior clinical accuracy compared to a standard comparator for cervical precancer and good reproducibility. This study builds upon previous diagnostic accuracy assessments of the RIATOL HPV genotyping qPCR assay and aims to evaluate the international validation criteria for reproducibility. The intra‐ and interreproducibility of the RIATOL‐qPCR assay were assessed using 550 remnant cervical cell material from the cytology archive of the National Reference Center for HPV in Belgium. Specimens were collected in the context of cervical cancer screening and tested in two different laboratories. The international reproducibility criteria include the lower bound of 95% confidence interval of the intra‐ and interlaboratory agreement regarding the detection of hrHPV DNA exceeding 87% with kappa ≥0.50. The RIATOL‐qPCR assay demonstrated excellent intralaboratory reproducibility, achieving an overall agreement of 98.2 (95% CI 96.6–99.1%) and a kappa of 0.96. Interlaboratory testing showed an overall agreement of 98.5 (95% CI 97.1–99.4%) with a kappa of 0.97. The RIATOL‐qPCR assay fulfills the third criterion for HPV test reproducibility requirement for use in cervical cancer screening.
A natural variation in the RNA polymerase of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus enhances viral replication and in vivo virulence
Authors: Jeon Kyeongseok , Ro Hyo‐Jin , Kang Jun‐Gu , Jeong Da‐Eun , Kim Joowan , Lee Yebeen , Yoon Ga‐Yeon , Kang Ju‐Il , Bae Joon‐Yong , Kim Jin Il , Park Man‐Seong , Lee Keun Hwa , Cho Hyun‐Soo , Kim Yuri , Cho Nam‐Hyuk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick‐borne disease with high mortality in Eastern Asia. The disease is caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), also known as Dabie bandavirus, which has a segmented RNA genome consisting of L, M, and S segments. Previous studies have suggested differential viral virulence depending on the genotypes of SFTSV; however, the critical viral factor involved in the differential viral virulence is unknown. Here, we found a significant difference in viral replication in vitro and virulence in vivo between two Korean isolates belonging to the F and B genotypes, respectively. By generating viral reassortants using the two viral strains, we demonstrated that the L segment, which encodes viral RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is responsible for the enhanced viral replication and virulence. Comparison of amino acid sequences and viral replication rates revealed a point variation, E251K, on the surface of RdRp to be the most significant determinant for the enhanced viral replication rate and in vivo virulence. The effect of the variation was further confirmed using recombinant SFTSV generated by reverse genetic engineering. Therefore, our results indicate that natural variations affecting the viral replicase activity could significantly contribute to the viral virulence of SFTSV.
Testing the latent structure of ICD‐11 prolonged grief disorder symptoms in the U.K. adult population: An exploratory structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Shevlin Mark , Redican Enya , Murphy Jamie , Hyland Philip , Karatzias Thanos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe latent structure of ICD‐11 prolonged grief disorder (PGD), as measured using the International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (IPGDS), was assessed in a large general population sample of bereaved adults from the United Kingdom. Data were derived from Wave 5 of the COVID‐19 Psychological Research Consortium Study (C19PRC‐UK). Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was used to assess the latent structure of the IPGDS. Identified factors were explored in relation to known correlates (i.e., gender, age of the bereaved, income, bereavement timeframe, age of the deceased) and functional impairment. Three factors—Loss, Emotional Numbing, and Emotional Reactivity—emerged in the best‐fitting ESEM model, χ2(92, N = 1,763) = 273.70, p < .001, CFI = .97, TLI = .96, RMSEA = .048, SRMR = .020. All factors were significantly associated with bereavement timeframe, βs = ‐.15–‐.20, and age of the deceased, βs = ‐.22–‐.31. Lower income predicted both Loss and Emotional Numbing; younger age of the bereaved predicted both Loss and Emotional Reactivity; and female gender was a unique predictor of Loss. Functional impairment was associated only with Emotional Numbing, β = .89. The findings highlight the multidimensional structure of PGD. However, the patterns of factor/cross‐factor loadings observed in the present study indicate that a “simple” structure was not attainable. Associations between factors and covariates attest to the discriminant validity of the factors, and the association between Emotional Numbing and functional impairment may afford clinicians an opportunity to better understand and target the most disruptive features of grief.
Disease‐ and treatment‐related expectations, attitudes, and beliefs among adult patients initiating or switching biological therapies for psoriasis
Authors: Clemmesen Maria , Jørgensen Astrid‐Helene Ravn , Nielsen Valdemar Wendelboe , Holgersen Nikolaj , Nissen Christoffer Valdemar , Thyssen Jacob Pontoppidan , Egeberg Alexander , Thomsen Simon Francis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment expectations of patients with psoriasis are essential for clinical outcomes.ObjectivesTo examine disease‐ and treatment related intra‐ and interpersonal factors and their relation to treatment expectations among patients with psoriasis who initiate or switch biological therapy.MethodsConsecutive adult patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who initiated or switched biological therapy completed a questionnaire regarding their disease‐ and treatment‐related expectations. Additionally, they filled out Patients' Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (PABS), Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaires. Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) was scored before and 3 months after treatment initiation.ResultsA total of 65 patients participated; 28% expected <90% clearance of psoriasis following treatment, whereas 72% expected 90%–100% clearance. No differences were found between bionaïve and non‐naïve patients. Mutually adjusted analysis showed that female gender (p = 0.026), higher PASI score (p = 0.004) and lower TPS score (p = 0.006) were associated with high overall expectations towards biological therapy. PABS scores were not significantly associated with high expectations. The proportion of patients having low expectations was greatest when asked about work/education, partner interaction and socializing. Additionally, high expectations towards these subjects were associated with higher DLQI (p = 0.047, p = 0.014 and p = 0.056, respectively). Patients with high overall expectations towards biological therapy had a significantly greater reduction in absolute PASI score following treatment (4.7 vs. 2.75), p = 0.048.ConclusionsTechniques aimed at maximizing patients' expectation‐effect (placebo response) should be implemented in daily clinical practice. Knowledge about gender, disease severity, impact on life quality and patients' trust in physician should be taken into consideration.
Seasonal drivers of dissolved oxygen across a tidal creek–marsh interface revealed by machine learning
Authors: Regier Peter J. , Ward Nicholas D. , Myers‐Pigg Allison N. , Grate Jay , Freeman Michael J. , Ghosh Ruby N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDissolved oxygen (DO) is a key biogeochemical control in coastal systems, and its concentration and drivers vary markedly through time and space. This makes it difficult to accurately represent coastal DO and associated biogeochemical processes in models, limiting our ability to predict how these systems will respond to global change. We obtained high‐frequency (5‐min) in situ measurements of DO collected at three locations across the interface of a tidal creek and coastal marsh in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Random Forest machine learning models quantified the importance of three categories of environmental drivers (Aquatic, Climatic, and Terrestrial) of DO variability across the creek–marsh interface. We selected two 4‐month datasets representing Summer and Winter seasonal periods to test two hypotheses on the dominant drivers of DO at the coastal interface. We found that the Terrestrial driver—characterized by long periods of anaerobic conditions and episodic pulses in DO after floods—was most important during the Winter, whereas the Aquatic driver—characterized by variability over tidal, diel, and lunar cycles—was most important during the Summer. We explored how future climate change scenarios could alter the drivers of DO variability using a cumulative sums driver–response framework. Our results suggest that under climate change, Aquatic and Climatic drivers may increase in importance during the Summer, potentially linked to changing metabolic regimes and sea level, with Terrestrial driver importance potentially increasing during the Winter. Our approach highlights useful methods for understanding the spatiotemporal complexity of oxygen across coastal interfaces and quantifying the relative importance of distinct environmental drivers.
Study on mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance of point contact with non‐Gaussian rough surface
Authors: Hou Hongjuan , Pei Jiaxing , Cao Dongxing , Wang Leilei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA numerical method is proposed to evaluate the effect of non‐Gaussian roughness on point contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). A mixed EHL model of point contact, considering non‐Gaussian roughness, is developed. The oil film pressure in the model was controlled by the Reynolds equation of average flow, and the contact pressure of asperity was obtained by the rough surface micro‐contact model. The influence of non‐Gaussian roughness parameters on contact pressure distribution, film thickness profile and the ratio of asperity pressure to contact load (asperity load ratio) are investigated based on the mixed EHL model. The results show that the asperity pressure increases as root mean square (RMS) roughness increases, skewness and kurtosis. The film thickness also increases with RMS roughness and skewness, but is not sensitive to kurtosis.
Synthesis and Characterization of a One‐Component Water‐Soluble Photoinitiator Based on Thioxanthone Derivatives
Authors: Lin Zihang , Ge Xiaowei , Tang Baoling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThioxanthone derivatives with additional amino groups (TX‐S‐NH3) are synthesized via a simple esterification reaction between TX‐S‐CH2‐COOH and 2‐methylaminoethanol hydrocarbons in a p‐toluene sulfonic acid medium. The TX‐S‐NH3 is characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT‐IR, HRMS, ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectroscopy. TX‐S‐NH3 has strong absorption in water and ethanol, and the molar extinction coefficients at 395 nm are 2800 and 2780 mol−1L cm−1, respectively. TX‐S‐NH3 shows a low fluorescence quantum yield of 0.109 in deionized water. The maximum mobility of TX‐S‐NH3 in the photocuring product in ethanol is 12.5%. The double bond conversion of TMPTA cured by TX‐S‐NH3 is 60.7% without co‐initiator. TX‐S‐NH3 has excellent curing effects in UV‐curable ink with a light curing time of only 2.3 s.
A compact transmission/reflection array antenna based on frequency‐selective surface
Authors: Zhang Chi , Wang Zehua , Lu Qian , Du Yongji , Li Ruo‐Zhou , Yan Jing , Yu Ying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an array antenna that can work in reflection and transmission modes simultaneously or separately. Reflection and transmission at two frequencies are determined by designing and implanting frequency selective surfaces for the antenna. An antenna array prototype including 14 × 14 units and a horn‐fed antenna is designed and measured. The peak gain is 24.6 dBi when the array operates in reflection mode at 12 GHz and 21.3 dBi in transmission mode at 7 GHz. The peak gains are at least 10 dBi higher than the feed source. Moreover, a shift in the beam direction was observed when the feed horn moved along the axis during the measurement. A ±16.4° beam scan can be achieved with a ±60 mm shift in the feeder, as presented in the paper. The proposed transmission/reflection array antenna has potential applications in wireless communication systems.
Probing electron and lattice dynamics by ultrafast electron microscopy: Principles and applications
Authors: Lian Yiling , Sun Jingya , Jiang Lan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicroscale charge and energy transfer is an ultrafast process that can determine the photoelectrochemical performance of devices. However, nonlinear and nonequilibrium properties hinder our understanding of ultrafast processes; thus, the direct imaging strategy has become an effective means to uncover ultrafast charge and energy transfer processes. Due to diffraction limits of optical imaging, the obtained optical image has insufficient spatial resolution. Therefore, electron beam imaging combined with a pulse laser showing high spatial–temporal resolution has become a popular area of research, and numerous breakthroughs have been achieved in recent years. In this review, we cover three typical ultrafast electron beam imaging techniques, namely, time‐resolved photoemission electron microscopy, scanning ultrafast electron microscopy, and ultrafast transmission electron microscopy, in addition to the principles and characteristics of these three techniques. Some outstanding results related to photon–electron interactions, charge carrier transport and relaxation, electron–lattice coupling, and lattice oscillation are also reviewed. In summary, ultrafast electron beam imaging with high spatial–temporal resolution and multidimensional imaging abilities can promote the fundamental understanding of physics, chemistry, and optics, as well as guide the development of advanced semiconductors and electronics.
Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Device Treatment for Nasal Valve Collapse in Patients With Nasal Obstruction
Authors: Kang Yun Jin , Kim Do Hyun , Stybayeva Gulnaz , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveInternal nasal valve dysfunction is a prevalent cause of nasal obstruction. This systematic review, along with a Meta‐analysis, evaluated the efficacy of temperature‐controlled radiofrequency device (RFD) treatment in alleviating nasal obstruction by rectifying nasal valve collapse.Data SourcesA comprehensive review of studies retrieved from PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases (up to December 2022) was conducted.Review MethodsWe included studies that evaluated the quality of life and nasal obstruction scores before and after RFD treatment. In addition, sham‐controlled studies were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 451 patients across 8 studies were included in the analysis. Patients who underwent RFD treatment reported a significantly enhanced quality of life 24 months after treatment compared to pretreatment scores. The rates of clinically improved states and positive responses regarding quality of life after treatment were 82% and 91%, respectively. Moreover, the disease‐specific quality of life, as assessed by the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation score, significantly improved.ConclusionRFD may help improve nasal obstruction symptoms. Further randomized clinical studies on larger cohorts are essential to substantiate its efficacy in enhancing nasal valve function.