bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digestate from Biowaste and Sewage Sludge as Carriers of Microplastic into the Environment: Case Study of a Thermophilic Biogas Plant in Ostrobothnia, Finland
Authors: Öling-Wärnå Viveka , Åkerback Nina , Engblom Sten 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Microplastic contamination in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is well documented, but only a few studies have investigated plastic pollutants in waste fractions from biogas plants. We have analysed microplastic contaminants in reject water and digestate from biowaste digestion (at three time points) and sewage sludge digestion (at two time points). Samples were collected from a thermophilic biogas plant in Ostrobothnia in the western part of Finland. Plastic particles in the samples were identified with µ-FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy or attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR, and the grain sizes of the investigated particles were > 40 µm and < 5 mm. All investigated sample matrices contained microplastic particles, but the numbers differed significantly at each sampling time. In reject water from biowaste digestion, the numbers of microplastic particles were between 80 and 3320/L. In digestate from biowaste digestion, the number of microplastic particles was between 2290 and 7200/L. Only 20–30 microplastic particles per litre were found in reject water from sewage sludge digestion, but in the digestate, the quantity of microplastic particles was between 1870 and 36,800/L. Seventeen different polymer types were identified from the samples all together. Our results show that digestate from biowaste and sewage sludge digestion can both be carriers of microplastic into the environment and can contain higher numbers of microplastics at specific time.
Role of MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C gene polymorphisms on renal toxicity caused by lead exposure in wastewater treatment plant workers
Authors: Saad-Hussein Amal , Shousha Wafaa Ghoneim , Al-Sadek Sara Yahya Mohamed , Ramadan Shimaa Shawki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnvironmental and occupational lead (Pb) exposures continue to pose major public health problems. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) workers proved are exposing to high Pb concentrations in sludge departments. The aim of the work was to investigate the role of MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms on alteration of oxidative stress and homocysteine levels in WWTP workers exposed to high Pb concentrations, and study its relations with renal functions. The study included 90 WWTP workers from Abu-Rawash WWTP. Homocysteine, creatinine, urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Polymorphisms of MTHFR C677CT and MTHFR A1298C genes were studied using PCR/RFLP. Urine Pb concentrations were also measured. About 32.2% of the workers were with detectable Pb levels. Pb, homocysteine, and MDA levels were significantly higher among workers carrying TT polymorphism compared to other MTHFR C677T gene polymorphisms, while TAC was significantly lower among them compared to other polymorphisms. The same results were found among workers carrying CC compared to other MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms. WWTP workers carrying MTHFR 677TT and MTHFR 1298CC are more susceptible to elevation of homocysteine and the urinary Pb compared to the workers with the other polymorphisms. Furthermore, those workers were found to have increase in urea and creatinine. Therefore, MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphisms could be used for prediction of the susceptibility to the risk of kidney impairments among WWTP workers in the sludge departments caused by their exposure to high Pb in their workplace.
Forum posts, communication patterns, and relational structures: A multi-level view of discussions in online courses
Authors: Poquet Oleksandra , Trenholm Sven , Santolini Marc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInterpersonal online interactions are key to digital learning pedagogies and student experiences. Researchers use learner log and text data collected by technologies that mediate learner interactions online to provide indicators about interpersonal interactions. However, analytical approaches used to derive these indicators face conceptual, methodological, and practical challenges. Existing analytical approaches are not well aligned with the theories of digital learning, lack rigor, and are not easily replicable. To address these challenges, we put forward a multi-level framework linking indicators of individual posting with group-level communication and emergent relational structures. We exemplify the use of the framework by analyzing twenty online and blended courses. Empirical insights demonstrate how indicators at these three levels relate to each other and to potential instructor decisions. Our conclusion highlights current gaps in the framework and the areas for future work.
The Impact of Longitudinal Substance Use Patterns on the Risk of Opioid Agonist Therapy Discontinuation: A Repeated Measures Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Cui Zishan , Karamouzian Mohammad , Law Michael , Hayashi Kanna , Milloy M-J , Kerr Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolysubstance use is prevalent among individuals on opioid agonist treatment (OAT), yet past studies have focused primarily on distinct substances and their association with OAT retention. Data was collected from two prospective cohorts between 2005 and 2020 in Vancouver, Canada. Among 13,596 visits contributed by 1445 participants receiving OAT, we employed repeated measures latent class analysis using seven indicators and identified four longitudinal substance use classes. Using marginal structural Cox modeling, we found that compared to the primarily crack use class, the two opioid and stimulant use classes carried a higher risk of OAT discontinuation, while the primarily cannabis and crack use class had a lower OAT discontinuation risk. Our findings highlight the need for integrated treatment strategies to manage the co-use of opioids and stimulants during receipt of OAT and suggest future research should explore the potential of cannabis as a harm reduction strategy or adjunctive treatment to OAT.Word count: 150/150.
Gesundheits-Apps in der hausärztlichen Versorgung
Authors: Breinbauer Mareike , Jansky Michael 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Gesundheits-Apps sind vor dem Hintergrund der Ausweitung der digitalen Transformation im Gesundheitswesen höchst relevant. Es gibt eine Vielzahl an Studien, die sich mit dem Nutzen bestimmter Gesundheits-Apps oder ihrer Verbreitung in der Allgemeinbevölkerung befassen. Wenig ist allerdings bekannt über die tatsächliche Nutzung und Verbreitung von Gesundheits-Apps unter Patient:innen in der hausärztlichen Versorgung.

Methoden
Zwischen Juli 2021 und Februar 2022 wurde eine schriftliche Wartezimmerbefragung in hausärztlichen Praxen in Rheinland-Pfalz durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden 1024 Patient:innen in 25 Praxen befragt. Aufgrund des explorativen Ansatzes erfolgte hauptsächlich eine deskriptive und bivariate Datenanalyse.

Ergebnisse
Rund 46 % der Patient:innen nutzen Gesundheits-Apps, 29 % können sich eine Nutzung in Zukunft vorstellen und 25 % lehnen die Nutzung ab. Die Nutzer:innen sind hauptsächlich jüngere, gesunde und formal höher gebildete Patient:innen. Die Anwendung erfolgt überwiegend aus Fitness- und Lifestylegründen und weniger aus medizinischen Gründen oder zur Prävention. Die Mehrheit (86 %) nutzt Gesundheits-Apps ohne Absprache mit Hausärzt:innen. Bedenken bestehen hinsichtlich des Datenschutzes und der Weitergabe sensibler Daten. Unabhängig davon würden 76 % der Patient:innen Apps auf Rezept nutzen.

Schlussfolgerung
Gesundheits-Apps erreichen bereits viele, jedoch längst nicht alle Patient:innen in der hausärztlichen Versorgung. Um das Potenzial voll ausschöpfen zu können und mehr Patient:innen zu erreichen, sind verschiedene Voraussetzungen erforderlich. Die Nutzung von Gesundheits-Apps generell, wie auch die Ergebnisse aus den genutzten Apps, sollten stärker mit den behandelnden Ärzt:innen abgestimmt werden. Durch Aufklärung über die Nützlichkeit und die Empfehlung von medizinischen und niederschwelligen Gesundheits-Apps kann der Zugang zu Prävention für Patient:innengruppen erleichtert werden, die ansonsten (noch) nicht von digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen profitieren.
Hypertonic Saline Versus Other Intracranial-Pressure-Lowering Agents for Patients with Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bernhardt Keeley , McClune William , Rowland Matthew J. , Shah Akshay 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcute traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Intracranial pressure (ICP)-lowering is a critical management priority in patients with moderate to severe acute TBI. We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of hypertonic saline (HTS) versus other ICP-lowering agents in patients with TBI. We conducted a systematic search from 2000 onward for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HTS vs. other ICP-lowering agents in patients with TBI of all ages. The primary outcome was the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at 6 months (PROSPERO CRD42022324370). Ten RCTs (760 patients) were included. Six RCTs were included in the quantitative analysis. There was no evidence of an effect of HTS on the GOS score (favorable vs. unfavorable) compared with other agents (risk ratio [RR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–1.40; n = 406; 2 RCTs). There was no evidence of an effect of HTS on all-cause mortality (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.60–1.55; n = 486; 5 RCTs) or total length of stay (RR 2.36, 95% CI − 0.53 to 5.25; n = 89; 3 RCTs). HTS was associated with adverse hypernatremia compared with other agents (RR 2.13, 95% CI 1.09–4.17; n = 386; 2 RCTs). The point estimate favored a reduction in uncontrolled ICP with HTS, but this was not statistically significant (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.26–1.04; n = 423; 3 RCTs). Most included RCTs were at unclear or high risk of bias because of lack of blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective reporting. We found no evidence of an effect of HTS on clinically important outcomes and that HTS is associated with adverse hypernatremia. The included evidence was of low to very low certainty, but ongoing RCTs may help to the reduce this uncertainty. In addition, heterogeneity in GOS score reporting reflects the need for a standardized TBI core outcome set.
Work-family enrichment and parental burnout: the mediating effects of parenting sense of competence and parenting stress
Authors: Wang Wei , Song Tingting , Chen Shen , Li Yimin , Li Yongxin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, the topic of parental burnout has gathered much attention and studies have begun to integrate the parenting and work domain. In this regard, this study aimed to explore the association between work-family enrichment and parental burnout, and the mediation effects of parenting sense of competence and parenting stress. Data were collected at three different time points and questionnaires were distributed to 507 mothers of adolescents. Mothers were asked to report their work-family enrichment and parental burnout at Time (1) Then, their parenting sense of competence and parenting stress at Time (2) Finally, their parental burnout at Time (3) The results of bootstrapping indicated the following: (1) work-family enrichment showed negative association with parental burnout; (2) parenting sense of competence showed negative association with parental burnout, while parenting stress showed positive relation with parental burnout; (3) the relations between work-family enrichment and parental burnout was mediated by parenting sense of competence and parenting stress. Mothers should be made aware that resources from the work domain could buffer against parental burnout directly and indirectly and that when dealing with parental burnout, it is better to take a comprehensive perspective from both family and work domains and pay more attention to the relationships between the two domains.
US and Japanese adolescents’ emotions across time: variation by valence and arousal
Authors: Kyeong Yena , Knapp Sarah E. , Takahashi Yusuke , Davis Elizabeth L. , Cheung Cecilia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Experiencing emotions is a complex process that varies across social contexts (e.g., culture) and over time. The current research examined the levels and trajectories of self-reported emotions among US (n = 321) and Japanese (n = 388) adolescents (age range: 11–14 at Time 1). Emotions were conceptualized as high arousal positive (HAP), low arousal positive (LAP), high arousal negative (HAN), and low arousal negative (LAN). At each time point, US adolescents (vs. Japanese) showed greater positive and lower negative emotions (both arousal levels). Positive and negative emotions were negatively associated in the US, but the associations were not present or were positive in Japan. While US adolescents’ HAP and LAN emotions remained stable, Japanese adolescents showed increases in HAP and LAN emotions over time. However, both groups showed increases at similar rates for HAN and no change in LAP emotions. Collectively, findings suggest that emotions are both pancultural and culture-specific and highlight the value of considering valence and arousal in cross-cultural examinations of emotions.
The Concept of Agent in Biology: Motivations and Meanings
Authors: Okasha Samir 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiological agency has received much attention in recent philosophy of biology. But what is the motivation for introducing talk of agency into biology and what is meant by “agent”? Two distinct motivations can be discerned. The first is that thinking of organisms as agents helps to articulate what is distinctive about organisms vis-à-vis other biological entities. The second is that treating organisms as agent-like is a useful heuristic for understanding their evolved behavior. The concept of agent itself may be understood in at least four different ways: minimal agent, intelligent agent, rational agent, and intentional agent. Which understanding is most appropriate depends on which of the two motivations we are concerned with.
The Impact of Preoperative abnormal Electrocardiography on Anesthesia management among older surgical patients in southern Ethiopia: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Mossie Addisu , Besha Aschalew , Getachew Hailemariam , Girma Timsel , Gedeno Kanbiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Due to their advanced age and the prevalence of numerous co-morbid conditions, elderly patients scheduled for surgery are at risk for preoperative ECG abnormalities. Although preoperative ECG is frequently used to identify cardiovascular diseases and reduce intraoperative morbidity and mortality, its impact in predicting perioperative cardiovascular complications is under debate.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of preoperative abnormal ECG on anesthesia management among older surgical patients in southern Ethiopia, 2022.

Method
ology: A multicenter prospective observational study on 246 elderly surgical patients recruited consecutively was conducted at three teaching hospitals in southern Ethiopia. Data were entered into Epidata version 4.6, then exported and analyzed in STATA version 16. The data was presented in the appropriate manner, using numbers, frequencies, tables, charts, and figures. To test categorical variables, the Chi-square test was used. P-values of 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Result
In this study, 120 (48.78%) of older surgical patients had abnormal preoperative ECGs. In terms of severity, 55.3% were classified as minor, while 44.16% were major ECG abnormalities. 26 (21.66%) of patients with abnormal ECG were decided as unfit for anesthesia and reasons for the decision were the need for further investigation, consultation, and optimization. In addition, 7.31% of patients were delayed due to an abnormal ECG with a mean operative delay of 4.23 days. Preoperative abnormal ECG influenced the decision of anesthesia plan in four (1.62%) of the cases. Patients with an abnormal ECG prior to surgery were more likely to experience an intraoperative arrhythmia (p-value = 0.001).

Conclusion
and recommendation: Almost half (48.78%) of elderly patients presenting for surgery have an abnormal ECG, which impacts patients by postponing surgery and necessitating further investigation. Preoperative ECG is recommended prior to any elective surgery as early as 50 years, especially for those with risk factors.

Highlights
A Cloud‐Free Approach to Modeling Daily Downwelling Longwave Irradiance at Global Scale
Authors: Bright Ryan M. , Eisner Stephanie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractParametric modeling of downwelling longwave irradiance under all‐sky conditions (LW↓) typically involves “correcting” a clear‐ (or non‐overcast) sky model estimate using solar‐irradiance‐based proxies of cloud cover in lieu of actual cloud cover given uncertainties and measurement challenges of the latter. While such approaches are deemed sound, their application in time and space is inherently limited. We report on a correction model free of solar irradiance‐derived cloud proxies that is applicable at the true daily (24 hr) and global scales. The new “cloud‐free” correction model demonstrates superior performance in a range of environments relative to existing cloud‐free modeling approaches and to corrections based on solar‐derived cloudiness proxies. Literature‐based performance benchmarking indicates a performance that is often comparable to—and in some cases superior to—performances yielded by conventional parametric modeling approaches employing locally or regionally calibrated parameters, as well as to performances of satellite‐based algorithms.
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA): a review of examining the chemical exposome
Authors: Manz Katherine E. , Feerick Anna , Braun Joseph M. , Feng Yong-Lai , Hall Amber , Koelmel Jeremy , Manzano Carlos , Newton Seth R. , Pennell Kurt D. , Place Benjamin J. , Godri Pollitt Krystal J. , Prasse Carsten , Young Joshua A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNon-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA) are powerful techniques that rely on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and computational tools to detect and identify unknown or suspected chemicals in the exposome. Fully understanding the chemical exposome requires characterization of both environmental media and human specimens. As such, we conducted a review to examine the use of different NTA and SSA methods in various exposure media and human samples, including the results and chemicals detected. The literature review was conducted by searching literature databases, such as PubMed and Web of Science, for keywords, such as “non-targeted analysis”, “suspect screening analysis” and the exposure media. Sources of human exposure to environmental chemicals discussed in this review include water, air, soil/sediment, dust, and food and consumer products. The use of NTA for exposure discovery in human biospecimen is also reviewed. The chemical space that has been captured using NTA varies by media analyzed and analytical platform. In each media the chemicals that were frequently detected using NTA were: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and pharmaceuticals in water, pesticides and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and sediment, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in air, flame retardants in dust, plasticizers in consumer products, and plasticizers, pesticides, and halogenated compounds in human samples. Some studies reviewed herein used both liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) HRMS to increase the detected chemical space (16%); however, the majority (51%) only used LC-HRMS and fewer used GC-HRMS (32%). Finally, we identify knowledge and technology gaps that must be overcome to fully assess potential chemical exposures using NTA. Understanding the chemical space is essential to identifying and prioritizing gaps in our understanding of exposure sources and prior exposures.Impact statementThis review examines the results and chemicals detected by analyzing exposure media and human samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry based non-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA).
Engram neurons: Encoding, consolidation, retrieval, and forgetting of memory
Authors: Guskjolen Axel , Cembrowski Mark S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the neurobiological substrates of memory – the so-called memory “engram”. Here, we integrate recent progress in the engram field to illustrate how engram neurons transform across the “lifespan” of a memory — from initial memory encoding, to consolidation and retrieval, and ultimately to forgetting. To do so, we first describe how cell-intrinsic properties shape the initial emergence of the engram at memory encoding. Second, we highlight how these encoding neurons preferentially participate in synaptic- and systems-level consolidation of memory. Third, we describe how these changes during encoding and consolidation guide neural reactivation during retrieval, and facilitate memory recall. Fourth, we describe neurobiological mechanisms of forgetting, and how these mechanisms can counteract engram properties established during memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Motivated by recent experimental results across these four sections, we conclude by proposing some conceptual extensions to the traditional view of the engram, including broadening the view of cell-type participation within engrams and across memory stages. In collection, our review synthesizes general principles of the engram across memory stages, and describes future avenues to further understand the dynamic engram.
Microglial Galectin3 enhances endothelial metabolism and promotes pathological angiogenesis via Notch inhibition by competitively binding to Jag1
Authors: Zhou Zi-Yi , Chang Tian-Fang , Lin Zhi-Bin , Jing Yu-Tong , Wen Li-Shi , Niu Ya-Li , Bai Qian , Guo Chang-Mei , Sun Jia-Xing , Wang Yu-Sheng , Dou Guo-Rui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicroglia were considered as immune cells in inflammation until their angiogenic role was widely understood. Although the pro-inflammatory role of microglia in retinal angiogenesis has been explored, little is known about its role in pro-angiogenesis and the microglia–endothelia interaction. Here, we report that galectin-3 (Gal3) released by activated microglia functions as a communicator between microglia and endothelia and competitively binds to Jag1, thus inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway and enhancing endothelial angiogenic metabolism to promote angiogenesis. These results suggest that Gal3 may be a novel and effective target in the treatment of retinal angiogenesis.