bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral magnetic skyrmions across length scales
Authors: Komineas Stavros , Melcher Christof , Venakides Stephanos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The profile, radius, and energy of chiral skyrmions, found in magnetic materials with the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction and easy-axis anisotropy perpendicular to the film, have been previously calculated in the asymptotic limits of small and large skyrmion radius, as functions of the model parameter. We extend the asymptotic analysis to the case of an external field or a combination of anisotropy and external field. The formulae for the skyrmion radius and energy are then modified, by the use of fitting techniques, into very good approximations through almost the entire range of skyrmion radii, from zero to infinity. We include a study of the effect of the magnetostatic field on the skyrmion profile in two cases. We compare the profile of magnetic bubbles, stabilized without the chiral DM interaction to that of a chiral skyrmion.
Fourfold magnetic anisotropy induced in CoFeB/IrMn bilayers by interfacial exchange coupling
Authors: Feng Xinwei , Meng Jing , Zhu Xiaoyan , Xue Kelei , Xie Yali , Jiang Dongmei , Xu Yang , Shang Tian , Hu Yong , Zhan Qingfeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Exchange bias (EB) occurring in ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) bilayers conventionally can lead to a unidirectional magnetic anisotropy (

K

eb

) as well as an accompanied uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (

K

u

). We observed an additional fourfold magnetic anisotropy (

K
4

) induced by interfacial exchange coupling in amorphous CoFeB/epitaxial IrMn bilayers with an EB. Because of the combined effect of the three kinds of magnetic anisotropies, one- and two-step magnetic switching processes were observed at different magnetic field orientations, which usually appear in single-crystal FM layer with an intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy but not in amorphous FM layer. The angular dependent magnetic switching fields can be nicely fitted by a phenomenological model based on domain wall nucleation and propagation with the in-plane

K
4

along <100>. The ferromagnetic resonance measurements indicate that the specific strength of

K
4

for EB along [100] is larger than that for EB along [110]. The induced

K
4

can be understood by considering two types of AFM domains caused by both monatomic steps and defects and their induced net uncompensated spins along the in-plane <100> axes. The different dependence of

K
4

on the EB direction are because of the different effects of growth magnetic field on the presence of AFM domains.
Quantum asymptotic phases reveal signatures of quantum synchronization
Authors: Kato Yuzuru , Nakao Hiroya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Synchronization of quantum nonlinear oscillators has attracted much attention recently. To characterize the quantum oscillatory dynamics, we recently proposed a fully quantum-mechanical definition of the asymptotic phase, which is a key quantity in the synchronization analysis of classical nonlinear oscillators (Kato and Nakao 2022 Chaos
32 063133). In this work, we further extend this theory and introduce multiple asymptotic phases using the eigenoperators of the adjoint Liouville superoperator of the quantum nonlinear oscillator associated with different fundamental frequencies. We analyze a quantum van der Pol oscillator with Kerr effect in the strong quantum regime and show that the system has several different fundamental frequencies. By introducing order parameters and power spectra in terms of the associated quantum asymptotic phases, we reveal that phase locking of the system with a harmonic drive at several different frequencies, an explicit quantum signature observed only in the strong quantum regime, can be interpreted as synchronization on a torus rather than a simple limit cycle.
No circular birefringence exists in a chiral medium: an analysis of single-mode refraction
Authors: Hu Zhi-Juan , Li Chun-Fang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Optical activity is one of the most fundamental phenomena in nature. The existing theoretical description of optical activity is the circular birefringence, proposed in 1825 by Fresnel. It states that the right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) and left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) waves in a chiral medium propagate at different velocities. Here we show that this is not the case. After obtaining the refraction and reflection coefficients of any elliptically polarized wave at the surface of an isotropic chiral medium, we derive the conditions for single-mode refraction. By means of the process of single-mode refraction, we demonstrate that both the refracted RCP and the refracted LCP waves at normal incidence can be expressed as a coherent superposition of a pair of orthogonal linearly polarized waves that are rotated simultaneously. As a result, they must propagate at the same velocity as the linearly polarized waves. A physical interpretation is also given in detail. In particular, we show that the state of polarization of any elliptically polarized wave in a chiral medium is rotated with propagation. Such a rotation amounts to the rotation of polarization bases without involving the change of the Jones vector. The rotation of the RCP and LCP waves, as special cases of elliptically polarized waves, results in two opposite phases as if they propagated at different phase velocities with their polarization states transmitted unchanged. These results demonstrate that the conventional characterization of optical polarization is incomplete. A further investigation into its new features is of great significance.
Towards nonreciprocal pulse dynamics in a time-varying medium
Authors: Biswas Piyali , Ghosh Somnath 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate the nonreciprocal propagation of optical pulses in a linear dispersive medium with a time-varying refractive index. The change of refractive index with time breaks the time-translation symmetry of the spatially homogeneous medium compelling it to be inherently nonreciprocal. A time-reversal asymmetric field ratio of the counter-propagating optical pulses along with a frequency shift leading to spectral nonreciprocity in such dynamic media have been observed. The findings have emerged a new avenue to realize nonreciprocal light flow in dynamically tuned integration-feasible photonic systems.
Gravitational waves from domain walls in Pulsar Timing Array datasets
Authors: Z. Ferreira Ricardo , Notari Alessio , Pujolàs Oriol , Rompineve Fabrizio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a model-independent search for a gravitational wave background from cosmic
domain walls (DWs) in the NANOGrav 12.5 years dataset and International PTA Data Release 2. DWs
that annihilate at temperatures ∼ 20–50 MeV with tensions ∼ (40–100 TeV)3
provide as good a fit to both datasets as the astrophysical background from supermassive black
hole mergers. DWs may decay into the Standard Model (SM) or a dark sector. In the latter case we
predict an abundance Δ N
eff of dark radiation well within the reach of upcoming
CMB surveys. Complementary signatures at colliders and laboratories can arise if couplings to the
SM are present. As an example, we discuss heavy axion scenarios, where DW annihilation may
interestingly be induced by QCD confinement.
Cosmological imprints of Dirac neutrinos in a keV-vacuum 2HDM*
Authors: Li Shao-Ping , Li Xin-Qiang , Yan Xin-Shuai , Yang Ya-Dong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Dirac neutrino masses could be simply generated by a neutrinophilic scalar doublet with a vacuum being dramatically different from the electroweak one. While the case with an eV-scale vacuum has been widely explored previously, we exploit in this work the desert where the scalar vacuum is of

scale. In this regime, there would be rare hope to probe the keV-vacuum neutrinophilic scalar model via the lepton-flavor-violating processes, which makes it distinguishable from the widely considered eV-scale vacuum. Although such a keV-vacuum scenario is inert in the low-energy flavor physics, we show that the baryogenesis realized via the lightest Dirac neutrino can be a natural candidate in explaining the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Furthermore, the Dirac neutrinos with a keV-vacuum scalar can generate a shift of the effective neutrino number within the range

, which can be probed by the future Simons Observatory experiments. In particular, the model with a minimal value

can already be falsified by the future CMB Stage-IV and Large Scale Structure surveys, providing consequently striking exploratory avenues in the cosmological regime for such a keV-vacuum scenario.
Remote collection of physical performance measures for older people: a systematic review
Authors: Heslop Philip A , Hurst Christopher , Sayer Avan A , Witham Miles D 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Remotely collected physical performance measures could improve inclusion of under-served groups in clinical research as well as enabling continuation of research in pandemic conditions. It is unclear whether remote collection is feasible and acceptable to older patients, or whether results are comparable to face-to-face measures. We conducted a systematic review according to a prespecified protocol. We included studies with mean participant age ≥ 60 years, with no language restriction. Studies examining the gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery, distance walk tests, grip strength, Tinetti score, Berg balance test, sit-to-stand test and timed up and go were included. Reports of feasibility, acceptability, correlation between remote and face-to-face assessments and absolute differences between remote and face-to-face assessments were sought. Data were synthesised using Synthesis Without Meta-analysis methodology; 30 analyses from 17 publications were included. Study size ranged from 10 to 300 participants, with a mean age ranging from 61 to &gt;80 years. Studies included a broad range of participants and conditions. Most studies had a moderate or high risk of bias. Only two studies undertook assessment of acceptability or feasibility, reporting good results. Correlation between face-to-face and remote measures was variable across studies, with no measure showing consistently good correlation. Only nine studies examined the accuracy of remote measures; in six studies, accuracy was rated as good (&lt;5% mean difference between face-to-face and remote measures). There is a lack of robust evidence that remote collection of physical performance measures is acceptable to patients, feasible or provides comparable results to face-to-face measures.
Extracellular vesicles contribute to EMT in adenomyosis by inducing macrophage polarization
Authors: Hu Yue , Yuan Ming , Cheng Lei , Wang Guoyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdenomyosis is a benign disease, but it exhibits a metastatic property similar to tumors. Its pathogenesis is still unclear. One theory is that adenomyosis is the result of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in displaced embryonic Muller cells. Macrophages accumulate in the eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis and play an important role in EMT and the pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered an important mechanism of intercellular communication, but few studies have shown the role of EVs between endometrial epithelial cells and macrophages. In this study, we collected the eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis, and acquired the primary endometrial cells, then isolated EVs from the culture supernatants. We identified the characteristics of EVs by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and western blot, and then detected the mRNA expression levels of CD163, IL-10, iNOS, and TNF-α in macrophages by qRT-PCR after co-cultured with EVs; the expression levels of E-cadherin, CK7, N-cadherin, and Vimentin by Western blot, and the migration abilities of epithelial cells by Transwell assay. The results showed that macrophages were highly expressed in the mRNA levels of CD163, IL10, and TNF-α after treated by EVs from adenomyosis patients; endometrial epithelial cells expressed lower protein levels of E-cadherin and CK7, higher levels of N-cadherin and Vimentin after co-cultured with the above polarized macrophages; and the migration abilities of epithelial cells were enhanced. In conclusion, EVs derived from adenomyosis can induce macrophages to polarize toward M2b, and the polarized macrophages could, in turn, induce EMT process in endometrial epithelial cells.
Involvement of the posterior tool processing network during explicit retrieval of action tool and semantic tool knowledge: an fMRI study
Authors: Lesourd Mathieu , Reynaud Emanuelle , Navarro Jordan , Gaujoux Vivien , Faye-Védrines Alexandrine , Alexandre Boris , Baumard Josselin , Federico Giovanni , Lamberton Franck , Ibarrola Danielle , Rossetti Yves , Osiurak François 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Our ability to understand how to interact with familiar objects is supported by conceptual tool knowledge. Conceptual tool knowledge includes action tool and semantic tool knowledge which are supported by the ventro-dorsal and the ventral pathways, respectively. This apparent functional segregation has been recently called into question. In a block-design fMRI study, 35 participants were asked to complete manipulation, function, and association judgment tasks about pairs of familiar objects. Our results showed that lateral occipitotemporal cortex in the ventral pathway was more sensitive to manipulation and function judgment tasks compared with association judgment tasks. Functional connectivity analyses revealed distinct coupling patterns between inferior parietal lobule, lateral occipitotemporal cortex, and fusiform gyrus. Taken together, these data indicate that action tool and semantic tool knowledge are both supported by ventral and ventro-dorsal pathways. Moreover, the explicit retrieval of these representations is supported by the functional coupling of common and distinct brain regions of the posterior tool processing network varying according to the kind of relations to be retrieved.
rBC2LCN-reactive SERPINA3 is a glycobiomarker candidate for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mawaribuchi Shuuji , Shimomura Osamu , Oda Tatsuya , Hiemori Keiko , Shimizu Kayoko , Yamase Kenya , Date Mutsuhiro , Tateno Hiroaki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Early detection is urgently needed to improve the patient’s pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) survival. Previously, we identified a novel tumor-associated glycan, H-type3, which is expressed on PDAC cells and is detected by rBC2LCN (recombinant N-terminal domain of BC2L-C identified from Burkholderia cenocepacia) lectin. Here, we identified that SERPINA3 is an rBC2LCN-reactive glycoprotein (BC2-S3) secreted from PDAC cells into the blood in patients with PDAC by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis and lectin blotting. In immune staining, BC2-S3 was detected specifically in the tumor but not in normal tissues of PDAC. Lectin-ELISA was then developed to measure the serum level of BC2-S3 in healthy control (HC, n = 99) and patients with PDAC (n = 88). BC2-S3 exhibited higher in patients with PDAC than in those with HC. BC2-S3 showed similar diagnostic performance in all stages of PDAC (stages IA–IV, true positive rate = 76.1%, true negative rate = 81.8%) to CA19–9 (72.7%, 75.8%). Remarkably, BC2-S3 showed a significantly higher detection rate (89.7%) for early stage PDAC (IA–IIA) than CA19–9 (62.1%, P = 0.029). The combination of BC2-S3 and CA19–9 further improved the diagnostic ability for all stages of PDAC (81.8%, 87.9%). In conclusion, BC2-S3 is a glycobiomarker candidate for PDAC.
The impact of primary ciliary dyskinesia on female and male fertility: a narrative review
Authors: Newman Lydia , Chopra Jagrati , Dossett Claire , Shepherd Elizabeth , Bercusson Amelia , Carroll Mary , Walker Woolf , Lucas Jane S , Cheong Ying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic condition affecting the structure and function of sperm flagellum and motile cilia including those in the male and female reproductive tracts. Infertility is a commonly reported feature of PCD, but there is uncertainty as to how best to counsel patients on their fertility prognosis.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALEThis review aimed to summarize the prevalence of subfertility, possible underlying mechanisms, and the success of ART in men and women with PCD. The efficacy of ART in this patient group is relatively unknown and, hence, the management of infertility in PCD patients remains a challenge. There are no previous published or registered systematic reviews of fertility outcomes in PCD.SEARCH METHODSSystematic literature searches were performed in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed electronic databases to identify publications between 1964 and 2022 reporting fertility outcomes in men and women with PCD. Publications were excluded if they reported only animal studies, where gender was not specified or where subjects had a medical co-morbidity also known to impact fertility. Quality of evidence was assessed by critical appraisal and application of an appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies. The primary outcomes were natural conception in men and women with PCD, and conception following ART in men and women with PCD.OUTCOMESA total of 1565 publications were identified, and 108 publications were included after screening by two independent researchers. The quality of available evidence was low. The exact prevalence of subfertility in PCD is unclear but appears to be higher in men (up to 83% affected) compared to women (up to 61% affected). Variation in the prevalence of subfertility was observed between geographic populations which may be explained by differences in underlying genotype and cilia function. Limited evidence suggests subfertility in affected individuals is likely caused by abnormal cilia motion in the fallopian tubes, endometrium and efferent ductules, and dysmotile sperm. Some men and women with PCD benefited from ART, which suggests its use should be considered in the management of subfertility in this patient group. Further epidemiological and controlled studies are needed to determine the predictors of fertility and optimal management in this patient group.WIDER IMPLICATIONSIt is important that patients with PCD receive evidence-based counselling about the potential impact of their condition on their fertility prognosis and what management options may be available to them if affected. Understanding the pathophysiology and optimal management of subfertility in PCD will increase our understanding of the role of cilia and the impact of wider secondary ciliopathies on reproduction.
Unsupervised deep learning seismic data random noise attenuation with early stopping
Authors: Xu Zitai , Wu Bangyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuppression of seismic random noise is one critical step in seismic data processing. In recent years, the outstanding ability of deep learning to denoise seismic data is impressive. The unsupervised deep image prior (DIP) model has achieved promising denoising results without training labels. However, during training, these models first learn the effective seismic events in the noisy data, and then pick up the random noise afterwards, i.e. overfitting. Thus, the practicability of DIP hinges on good early stopping (ES) that catches the potentially noise-free seismic data. In this respect, most DIP studies only demonstrate potential of the models by showing the peak performance accessing the ground truth as reference, but provide no clue about how to operationally catch near-peak output without the ground truth. In this paper, we investigate the ES strategy in seismic data denoising using DIP method, which consistently detects the performance of reconstruction sequence by observing its running variance (VAR). The adopted ES method incurs low computational overhead. Numerical tests on 2D/3D synthetic and field data demonstrate that compared with other stopping criteria, the ES method exhibits superiority in suppressing random noise and preserves the effective signals better.
Leveraging artificial intelligence for the management of postoperative delirium following cardiac surgery
Authors: Fliegenschmidt Janis , Hulde Nikolai , Gedinha Preising Maria , Ruggeri Silvia , Szymanowsky Ralph , Meesseman Laurent , Sun Hong , Dahlweid Michael , von Dossow Vera 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND
Postoperative delirium is a highly relevant complication of cardiac surgery. It is associated with worse outcomes and considerably increased costs of care. A novel approach of monitoring patients with machine learning enabled prediction software could trigger pre-emptive implementation of mitigation strategies as well as timely intervention.

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the predictive accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) model for anticipating postoperative delirium by comparing it to established standards and measures of risk and vulnerability.

DESIGN
Retrospective predictive accuracy study.

SETTING
Records were gathered from a database for anaesthesia quality assurance at a specialised heart surgery centre in Germany.

PATIENTS
Between January and July 2021, 131 patients had been enrolled into the database and had data available for AI prediction modelling. After exclusion of incomplete follow-ups, a subset of 114 was included in the statistical analysis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Delirium was diagnosed with the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) over three days postoperatively with specific follow-up visits. AI predictions were also compared with risk assessment through a frailty screening, a Shulman Clock Drawing Test, and using a checklist of predisposing factors including comorbidity, reduced mobility, and substance abuse.

RESULTS
Postoperative delirium was diagnosed in 23.7% of patients. Postoperative AI screening exhibited reasonable performance with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69–0.87. But pre-operative prediction was weak for all methods (AUROC range from 0.55 to 0.66). There were significant associations with postoperative delirium: open heart surgery versus endovascular valve replacement (33.3% vs. 10.4%, P < 0.01), postinterventional hospitalisation (12.8 vs. 8.6 days, P < 0.01), and length of ICU stay (1.7 vs. 0.3 days, P < 0.01) were all significantly associated with postoperative delirium.

CONCLUSION
AI is a promising approach with considerable potential and delivered noninferior results compared with the usual approach of structured evaluation of risk factors and questionnaires. Since these established methods do not provide the desired confidence level, improved AI may soon deliver a better performance.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
None.