bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is sex still binary?
Authors: Rehmann-Sutter Christoph , Hiort Olaf , Krämer Ulrike M. , Malich Lisa , Spielmann Malte 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this perspective article we discuss the limitations of sex as a binary concept and how it is challenged by medical developments and a better understanding of gender diversity. Recent data indicate that sex is not a simple binary classification based solely on genitalia at birth or reproductive capacity but encompasses various biological characteristics such as chromosomes, hormones, and secondary sexual characteristics. The existence of individuals with differences in sex development (DSD) who do not fit typical male or female categories further demonstrates the complexity of sex. We argue that the belief that sex is strictly binary based on gametes is insufficient, as there are multiple levels of sex beyond reproductivity. We also explore the role of sex in sex determination, gene expression, brain development, and behavioural patterns and emphasize the importance of recognizing sex diversity in personalized medicine, as sex can influence disease presentation, drug response, and treatment effectiveness. Finally, we call for an inter- and transdisciplinary approach to study sex diversity and develop new categories and methodologies that go beyond a binary model.
The past and future of “sex genes”
Authors: Rehmann-Sutter Christoph , Hornig Nadine , Stammberger Birgit , Stoff Heiko 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Much later than the discovery of “sex chromosomes” and of “sex hormones”, genetics started delivering detailed explanations of sex-determining developmental pathways. Despite increasing knowledge of biological processes, concepts and theories about sex development are never based on facts alone. There are inevitable entanglements of biological description and changing cultural assumptions and they play a key role in how sex genes are framed and interpreted in biological research. In this review article we first focus on the early 20th century biology that worked in a hormone-based paradigm. Genetic explanations emerged later, first on the basis of sex chromosomes; starting in the 1980s, on the basis of genes. We highlight orthodox views of female development, which saw the default pathway of human sex development. We will show how recent findings in biology challenge it. The article discusses the interactions of causal claims in science with cultural assumption about gender and outlines three influential strands of critical feminist philosophy of science: the critique of genetic determinism and genetic essentialism, of dualist assumptions, and of an androcentric bias in the conception of research strategies. In the final section we suggest key agenda points of future genetic research on sex determination.
Path reader and intelligent lane navigator by autonomous vehicle
Authors: Shukla Amar , Verma Ankit , Mahdi Hussain Falih , Choudhury Tanupriya , Singh Thipendra Pal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) is a physical network of physical devices, such as widgets, structures, and other objects, which can store program, sensors, actuators, and screen configurations to allow the objects to assemble, control, display, and exchange data. The aim of this research was to develop an autonomous system with automated navigation. Using this approach, we are able to make use of deep neural networks for automatic navigation as well as the identification of pot holes and road conditions. Additionally, it displays potholes in traffic and the correct lane on the screen. The system stresses how important it is to select the path from one node to the next.
The Long Story of an Indigenous Health Research Project
Authors: Sullivan Patrick , McIlduff Cari 
Published: August 2023

Indigenous health inequities represent a significant challenge for health research and programming. The research seeking to address these inequities also faces significant challenges. To guide researchers through these challenges, several resources exist. That said, the real world of Indigenous research is complex and contains much that, experience suggests, is not accounted for by existing resources. Therefore, this article tells the full and honest story of conducting research within largely Western systems the barriers they present to Indigenous community-based health research that respects self-determination and culture. When relevant to discussion, examples will be provided from a recently completed COVID-19 vaccine promotion research project. In telling this story, many questions are posed, some of these are tentatively answered, and many are left for contemplation and future work. When answers are provided, they often stem from personal experience, and so, conclusions should be approached cautiously. Regardless, prioritizing respectful and authentic relationships appears to be a universal compass that can guide researchers to the good way. Still, more consistent and honest reporting of barriers, failures, and opportunities may be needed to truly reflect the challenging realities of ethical Indigenous research.
Book Review: Fiddler Joe Marble Plays to St. Anne: A Etuaptmumk/Two-Eyed Seeing Pilgrimage by Elder John R. Prosper and Settler Dorothy A. Lander
Authors: Pride Tara , Stilwell Christie , Gloade Katie 
Published: August 2023

While documenting significant Mi’kmaw and settler histories in northeastern Mi’kmaki/Nova Scotia, authors John R. and Dorothy came upon serendipitous signs signalling a much greater mission and opportunity for strengthening Indigenous-settler relationships and spiritual reflection through the lens of St. Anne. Etuaptmumk is the Mi’kmaw word for “multiple perspectives” and asks that we consider, and equally value the strengths of multiple perspectives and ways of knowing. John R. and Dorothy had indeed been guiding their work together through Etuaptmumk from the outset. As researchers who engage in Etuaptmumk in our work, this book proved helpful in guiding our own conversations on ways to strengthen Indigenous-settler relationships and what that looks like “in the real world.”
State-Level Anti-Immigrant Sentiment and Policies and Health Risks in US Latino Children
Authors: Slopen Natalie , Umaña-Taylor Adriana J. , Shonkoff Jack P. , Carle Adam C. , Hatzenbuehler Mark L. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Although systemic inequities, broadly defined, are associated with health disparities in adults, there is a dearth of research linking contextual measures of exclusionary policies or prejudicial attitudes to health impairments in children, particularly among Latino populations. In this study, we examined a composite measure of systemic inequities in relation to the cooccurrence of multiple health problems in Latino children in the United States.

METHODS
Participants included 17 855 Latino children aged 3 to 17 years from the National Survey of Children’s Health (2016–2020). We measured state-level systemic inequities using a factor score that combined an index of exclusionary state policies toward immigrants and aggregated survey data on prejudicial attitudes toward immigrants and Latino individuals. Caregivers reported on 3 categories of child health problems: common health difficulties in the past year, current chronic physical health conditions, and current mental health conditions. For each category, we constructed a variable reflecting 0, 1, or 2 or more conditions.

RESULTS
In models adjusted for sociodemographic covariates, interpersonal discrimination, and state-level income inequality, systemic inequities were associated with 1.13 times the odds of a chronic physical health condition (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.25) and 1.24 times the odds of 2 or more mental health conditions (95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.45).

CONCLUSIONS
Latino children residing in states with higher levels of systemic inequity are more likely to experience mental health or chronic physical health conditions relative to those in states with lower levels of systemic inequity.
Outlook on texture evolution in additively manufactured stainless steels: Prospects for hydrogen embrittlement resistance, overview of mechanical, and solidification behavior
Authors: Thapliyal Saket , Cheng Jiahao , Mayeur Jason , Yamamoto Yukinori , Fernandez-Zelaia Patxi , Nycz Andrzej , Kirka Michael M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRealizing application specific manufacture with fusion-based additive manufacturing (F-BAM) processes requires understanding of the physical phenomena that drive evolution of microstructural attributes, such as texture. Current approaches for understanding texture evolution in F-BAM are majorly considerate of the phenomena occurring only during solidification. This hinders the comprehensive understanding and control of texture during F-BAM. In this perspective article, we discuss several physical phenomena occurring during and after solidification that can determine texture in F-BAM processed stainless steels (SS). A crystal plasticity-coupled hydrogen adsorption-diffusion modeling framework is also leveraged to demonstrate the prospects of grain boundary engineering with F-BAM for enhanced hydrogen embrittlement resistance of SS. Implications of varying thermokinetics in F-BAM for solidification behavior of SS are discussed. Additionally, microstructural attributes that are key to high temperature mechanical performance of SS are highlighted. Considerations as outlined in this perspective article will enable grain boundary engineering and application specific microstructural design of SS with F-BAM.
Graphical abstract
Factors Influence on Electrophysical Parameters of the Composite Varistors
Authors: Ahadzade Sh. M. , Vakulenko I. A. , Asgarov Kh. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose. Evaluation influence structural state polymer phase on the response voltage and coefficient nonlinearity of a multilayer varistor based on zinc oxide. Methodology. Zinc oxide consisted of 97% zinc oxide and 3% total oxides of Bi2O3, Co3O4, MnO2, B2O3, SbO3, ZrO2, Al2O3. At a temperature of 1573°K, the synthesis of semiconductor ceramics based on Zinc oxide was carried out. For composite of thermoplastic polymers and Zinc oxide, non-polar and polar polymers, high pressure polyethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride were used. The composites were obtained by hot pressing at the melting temperature of the polymer phase and a pressure of 15 MPa. After that, using silver paste, measuring electrodes 10 mm in diameter were applied to the surface of the synthesized samples, and then current–voltage characteristics were measured. Modification of composites under action of gas-discharge plasma was carried out in a special cell that creates a dielectric-gas-composite system. The structure of the composites was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and IR spectroscopy. Findings. The obtained experimental results show that the size of the particles of the inorganic phase significantly affects the current-voltage characteristics of the composite varistor: at a given thickness of the composite varistor, the operation voltage decreases markedly, and the nonlinearity coefficient increases. Numerous experimental results obtained by us show that the impact of electric discharge plasma on the polymer Zinc oxide-composite leads to a significant change in the permittivity and the concentration of local levels at the interface of the composite. The results research showed that effect electrical plasma on the opening voltage depends on the polarity of polymer matrices. Moreover, plasma processing itself significantly changes the structure of the polymer phase at composite. Originality. The magnitude of the potential barrier at phase boundary is mainly determined by the volume fraction and size of the main structural element of ZnO ceramics. Changing the structural state of the polymer matrix allows the adjust response voltage and coefficient nonlinearity of volt-ampere characteristic of the multilayer varistor. Practical value. The discovered development of electron-ion processes at polymer phase of the varistor indicates the need to take into account change in its service characteristics from the duration and intensity of use. The result obtained has a certain practical significance, since it indicates not only the reason for the change in properties, but also the need to develop measures to increase the service life of the varistor.
A Methodology to Combine Shaking and Ground Failure Models for Forecasting Seismic Damage to Buried Pipeline Networks
Authors: Kwong Neal Simon , Jaiswal Kishor S. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
How does an earthquake affect buried pipeline networks? It is well known that the seismic performance of buried pipelines depends on ground failures (GFs) as well as strong ground shaking (SGS), but it is unclear how the various types of earthquake hazards should be collectively combined, as existing methodologies tend to examine each of the earthquake hazards separately. In this article, we develop a probability-based methodology to consistently combine SGS with three types of GF (surface faulting, liquefaction, and landslide) for forecasting seismic damage in buried pipeline networks from a given earthquake rupture scenario. Using a gas transmission pipeline example, we illustrate how the proposed methodology enables others (e.g., researchers, pipeline operators who manage distribution lines, and consultants) to modularly combine various models such as those for estimating probability of GF, permanent ground displacements, and pipeline fragility. Finally, we compare the proposed methodology against the Hazus methodology to explore implications from considering each hazard one at a time.
Experiências de semicidadania, descidadanização e a sujeição dos migrantes e refugiados ao projeto de subcidadania em Roraima
Authors: De Oliveira Márcia Maria , Padilla Fernández Adrián José , Baettker Ellene Carla 
Published: August 2023

O artigo apresenta alguns recortes de pesquisas realizados com migrantes e refugiados venezuelanos entre 2021 e 2022. Pautado na metodologia qualitativa, no método etnográfico e na pesquisa teórica, o artigo apresenta fragmentos de relatórios de pesquisas e a comunicação de estudo em andamento no curso de mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade e Fronteiras da Universidade Federal de Roraima. Objetiva ampliar o debate em torno dos programas de acolhimento aos migrantes e refugiados e fornecer elementos para se repensar o modelo inserção dos migrantes na sociedade de acolhida. Apresenta categorias de análises capazes de identificar vivências de semicidadania, processos de descidadanização e a sujeição dos migrantes e refugiados ao projeto de subcidadania imposto historicamente às classes mais pobres e vulneráveis da sociedade brasileira. Encoraja a sociedade a identificar o protagonismo dos migrantes e refugiados e confirmar sua luta para serem reconhecidos como sujeitos de direitos.
Evaluation of Antibiograms of Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated From Urinary Cultures
Authors: SARI Sedanur , MISTIK Selçuk , SAĞIROĞLU Pınar 
Published: August 2023

Objective: Our aim in this study is to determine the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains known to cause urinary tract infections most frequently in the region, to obtain microbiological data about their current status, and to contribute to the development of clinical strategies for the prevention and management of these infections.
Materials and methods: Our study includes patients with E. coli isolated from urine cultures. In the study, urine cultures and antibiograms of patients between January 2019 and January 2020 were scanned retrospectively. 662 patients over the age of 18 were included in the study. The files of the patients included in the study, the information registered in the system and the pre-filled forms were examined by examining age, gender, reproductive status in urine cultures, ESBL status, antibiograms, hospitalization status, admission outpatient clinic, reason for hospitalization, chronic and additional diseases, symptom status, the blood, nitrite, leukocyte parameters in the urinary dipstick test and the antibiotic treatment started were recorded.
Results: The antibiotics most frequently resistant to E. coli strains were cefuroxime (88.5%), tobramycin (75%), ceftazidime (72.9%), cefepime (59.5%) and ampicillin (57.5%). The antibiotics with the highest sensitivity were imipenem (100%), amikacin (99.1%), meropenem (98.2%), nitrofurantoin (96.3%) and fosfomycin (96.3%). It was observed that 25.7% of E. coli strains were ESBL positive.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that E. coli strains, which are the most common causative agents of urinary tract infections, have high resistance to many antibiotics commonly used in treatment. Considering the local resistance rates in empirical treatment and starting the treatment by making a urine culture will guide the treatment. As a result of our research, we think that the use of fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin in uncomplicated infections and the use of carbapenems and aminoglycoside antibiotics in complicated infections and upper urinary tract involvement are appropriate in the empirical treatment of urinary tract infections.
Siyanotik Konjenital Kalp Hastalarında Sistemik-Pulmoner Şant Teknikleri: 24 Yıllık Klinik Deneyimin Analizi
Authors: BIÇAKHAN Burcu , TONGUT Aybala , ÖZGÖL İlhan , HATEMİ Alican 
Published: August 2023

Amaç: Aortopulmoner şant operasyonları, kompleks siyanotik kalp hastalıklarında pulmoner kan akımının arttırılması ve pulmoner arterlerin gelişmesi, dolayısı ile sistemik oksijen saturasyonunun iyileştirilmesini amaçlayan palyatif prosedürlerdir. Çalışmadaki amaç, palyatif aortopulmoner şant operasyonu uygulanan hastalarda preoperatif durum, operatif teknik ve yaklaşımlar ile postoperatif seyir arasındaki ilişkileri tespit etmek, mortalite ve morbiditeye etki eden risk faktörlerini araştırmak ve değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya Kasım 1985-Ağustos 2009 tarihleri arasında İstanbul Üniversitesi Kardiyoloji Enstitüsü Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı’nda Modifiye Blalock-Taussig şant (MBTS) operasyonu uygulanan 587 olgu dahil edildi. Retrospektif olarak preoperatif ve operatif veriler kaydedilerek, hastalar patofizyolojinin tek ya da çift ventrikül tamirine uygunluğu temel alınarak (univentrikül/biventrikül) iki grupta sınıflandırıldı. Birincil sonuç olarak hastane ölümü veya iyi hal ile taburcu olma kabul edildi. Yaş grupları (neonatal, 1 ay-1 yaş ve 1 yaş üzeri) ve cerrahi yaklaşım (torakotomi, sternotomi) temel alınarak, yaklaşımlar arasındaki farkların birincil sonuç üzerine etkisi değerlendirildi. Mortalite ve morbidite üzerine etki eden risk faktörleri istatistiksel olarak araştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 364’ü erkek (%62), 223’ü kız (%38), ortalama yaşı 21,6±31,2 ay (0-240) ve ortalama kilosu 10.7±7.2 kg (2.7-54) olan 587 hastanın, 66'sı1 aylık (%11.2), 236'sı 1 ay-1 yaş (%40.2) ve 285'i 1 yaş üzeri (%48.6) grupta değerlendirilmiştir. Yüzdoksanbir hastada univentriküler (%32.5) ve 396 hastada biventriküler (%67.5) tamir planlanmış, 141 hastada median sternotomi (%24), 446 hastada torakotomi (%76) uygulanmıştır. Erken dönem mortalite oranı %11.6’dır. Şant yetmezliği açısından; yaş, tanı, ekstrakorporeal dolaşım (ECC) kullanım ihtiyacı, cerrahi yaklaşım, şant çapı anlamlı bulunmuş ve çoklu değişken lojistik regresyon analizi sonucunda cerrahi yaklaşım bağımsız risk faktörü olarak saptanmıştır (p=0.002). Mortalite açısından anlamlı bulunan yaş, şant çapı ve cerrahi yaklaşım arasında lojistik regresyon analizi ile sternotomi (p=0.0001) ve 1 ay-1 yas arası grup (p=0,008) bağımsız risk faktörü olarak izlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Halen özellikle kompleks konjenital kalp hastalıklarında palyatif cerrahinin altenatif yaklaşımlarının azlığı sebebi ile kalp cerrahisindeki yerini koruyacağı görülmektedir. Günümüzde MBTS prosedürü için cerrahi yaklaşımlar ve yoğun bakım takip protokollerinde geniş bir bilgi birikimi ve deneyim edinilmiş olsa bile, bu hasta grubunda mortalite ve morbiditeye etkili risk faktörlerini uzun dönem sonuçları ile araştıran prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Pengaruh Jenis Ektrakurikuler Dan Kedisiplinan Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah Almaarif 02 Singosari Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Pasca Covid-19
Authors: Hidayati Suci , Mustaghfiroh Yuliana Nur , Harini Sri 
Published: August 2023

This research originated from the problem of declining learning achievement of students of MTs Almaarif 02 Singosari Malang after the Covid-19 pandemic. One of the indicators of the decline in student learning achievement is the odd Midterm Test (UTS) results in 2021/2022 which was carried out in October 2021. From 25 students who took part in UTS, KKM scores were obtained that did not meet the completion of learning. In the results of the UTS odd semester 2021/2022 which was held in September 2021, data was obtained that the average score of grade 7 students was still below the KKM score in each field of study. This study aims to determine the influence of types of extracurricular activities and discipline on the learning achievement of students of MTs. Almaarif 02 Singosari Malang for the 2021/2022 academic year. The method used to analyze the data used logit regression with 25 active students. Indicators for determining student learning achievement using a scale of likes 1-4. The results showed that in Model logistic regression the level of influence of extracurricular types and discipline was at a fairly complete and complete level with mathematical models: [Y1=2]=10.356+0.557 X1+0.355 X2 dan It can be concluded that extracurricular types have a significant influence on learning achievement with a significance value of 0.069 less than the error level of 10% and student discipline variables do not have a significant influence on learning achievement in grade 7 students of MTs. Almaarif Singosari 02 Malang.
Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome in Traumatic Epidural Hematoma and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Malufti Chandrika Najwa , Kaligis Stephanus Andy Prakasa , Istianggoro Harris , Kancana Kathi Swaputri 
Published: August 2023

Highlight:

CSWS is a rare case of hyponatremia in central nervous system disorders.
The correct diagnosis of CSWS is very important because it has a different treatment strategy from other diseases so that patients will get a good outcome.

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Electrolyte imbalance is common in patients with neurologic disease, including traumatic brain injury. The most common type is hyponatremia, a condition in which serum sodium <135 mmol/L. High morbidity and mortality rates are associated with hyponatremia, especially if the underlying causes are misdiagnosed and improperly treated. One such condition that comes to mind is cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS), which is treated primarily with volume resuscitation and sodium replacements and is characterized by hyponatremia, elevated urine sodium, and hypovolemia. Case: A 21-year-old man was hospitalized for a traumatic brain injury due to a traffic accident. He suffered from an epidural hematoma (EDH) and a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). He underwent an emergency decompression craniotomy and hematoma evacuation. The operation went well, as expected. During hospitalization, the patient developed agitation, restlessness, and polyuria with hyponatremia in serum but elevated in urine. We identified that CSWS was the underlying cause and administered isotonic, hypertonic, and hydrocortisone treatments to the patient. The patient showed progressive improvement. His condition tends to be stable, and he has a normal electrolyte level. Conclusion: Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) is an important but underrecognized cause in hyponatremic patients with central nervous system disorders.