bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetylation of fission yeast tropomyosin does not promote differential association with cognate formins
Authors: Tang Qing , Pollard Luther W. , Homa Kaitlin E. , Kovar David R. , Trybus Kathleen M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt was proposed from cellular studies that S. pombe tropomyosin Cdc8 (Tpm) segregates into two populations due to the presence or absence of an amino‐terminal acetylation that specifies which formin‐mediated F‐actin networks it binds, but with no supporting biochemistry. To address this mechanism in vitro, we developed methods for S. pombe actin expression in Sf9 cells. We then employed 3‐color TIRF microscopy using all recombinant S. pombe proteins to probe in vitro multicomponent mechanisms involving actin, acetylated and unacetylated Tpm, formins, and myosins. Acetyl‐Tpm exhibits tight binding to actin in contrast to weaker binding by unacetylated Tpm. In disagreement with the differential recruitment model, Tpm showed no preferential binding to filaments assembled by the FH1–FH2‐domains of two S. pombe formins, nor did Tpm binding have any bias towards the growing formin‐bound actin filament barbed end. Although our in vitro findings do not support a direct formin–tropomyosin interaction, it is possible that formins bias differential tropomyosin isoform recruitment through undiscovered mechanisms. Importantly, despite a 12% sequence divergence between skeletal and S. pombe actin, S. pombe myosins Myo2 and Myo51 exhibited similar motile behavior with these two actins, validating key prior findings with these myosins that used skeletal actin.
Android malware detection based on sensitive features combination
Authors: Yao Xuanxia , Li Yang , Shi Zhiguo , Liu Kaijun , Du XiaoJiang 
Published: January 2023

SummaryWith the development of mobile communication, Android software has increased sharply. Meanwhile, more and more malware emerges. Identifying malware in time is very important. Currently, most malware identifying methods are static, and the detection accuracy mainly depends on the classification feature and the algorithm. In order to improve the detection accuracy, reducing the dimension and difficulty of feature extraction, we propose a lightweight Android malware detection method based on sensitive features combination. After fully analyzing the static features in Android software, we improve the extraction methods of various features, define four sensitive features, and then form a sensitive features combination to more accurately reflect the characteristics of Android software with fewer features. Finally, four different machine learning classification algorithms were used to evaluate the classification effect of the sensitive features combination. The experiments show that the sensitive features combination has a good classification effect. When combined with the random forest classification algorithm, the accuracy is the highest, which could reach 97.6%.
Trace metal uptake in forage systems receiving long‐term applications of alum‐treated or untreated poultry litter
Authors: Ashworth Amanda J. , Moore Philip A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTreating poultry litter with alum (Al2[SO4]3·14H2O) is a commonly used best management strategy for reducing ammonia (NH3) volatilization and phosphorus (P) runoff and leaching. However, little is known about how this amendment affects trace metal availability and uptake by forages, as well as potential issues with phytotoxicity, toxicity to grazing animals, and overall yield. The objective of this study was to determine longitudinal effects of alum‐treated poultry litter, untreated litter, ammonium nitrate, and an unfertilized control on trace metal (As, Cu, Se, and Zn) and S concentrations and uptake by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), yield, as well as availability in soil over 20 years. Greater (p < 0.05) Mehlich‐3 extractable soil As and subsequent forage As uptake occurred with alum beyond the 6.72 Mg ha−1 rate; however, forage As concentrations were not affected by alum. Forage yields were greater with alum‐treated and untreated litters than with ammonium nitrate applied at the same N rate. Treating litter with alum generally did not improve tall fescue yields, except at the lowest litter rate (2.24 Mg ha−1). Alum treatment of poultry litter has been shown to be a cost‐effective best management practice that reduces ammonia volatilization, which improves air quality and poultry production, while reducing P and heavy metal runoff and ultimately improving water quality. Given that trace metal and S concentrations in forages were all in the normal ranges, treating poultry litter with alum does not pose issues with respect to metal phytotoxicity and/or toxicity to grazing animals.
The critical role of cardiolipin in metazoan differentiation, development, and maturation
Authors: Olivar‐Villanueva Melissa , Ren Mindong , Schlame Michael , Phoon Colin K. L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCardiolipins are phospholipids that are central to proper mitochondrial functioning. Because mitochondria play crucial roles in differentiation, development, and maturation, we would also expect cardiolipin to play major roles in these processes. Indeed, cardiolipin has been implicated in the mechanism of three human diseases that affect young infants, implying developmental abnormalities. In this review, we will: (1) Review the biology of cardiolipin; (2) Outline the evidence for essential roles of cardiolipin during organismal development, including embryogenesis and cell maturation in vertebrate organisms; (3) Place the role(s) of cardiolipin during embryogenesis within the larger context of the roles of mitochondria in development; and (4) Suggest avenues for future research.
Can the Research Team‐Participant Relationship Ground Ancillary‐Care Obligations?
Authors: Richardson Henry S. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTDiscussion of medical researcher teams' ancillary‐care obligations has long been dominated by partial‐entrustment theory, developed in 2004 by the author of this article, in collaboration with Leah Belsky. Critics of the limited scope of the special ancillary‐care obligations defended by that theory, however, argue that a better theory would take fuller account of the relationship that develops between individual research participants and members of the research team. Nate W. Olson and Thaddeus Metz have each put forward well worked‐out versions of such a relationship‐based account of ancillary‐care obligations. This article critically evaluates these accounts, concluding that while each of them is vulnerable to various criticisms, each also crucially facilitates understanding of this relationship: Olson brings out well how research participants can find that role not just beneficial but also deeply meaningful, and Metz, drawing on African ethical traditions, emphasizes that when things go well, participants are involved as partners in the research effort. Yet the article closes by arguing that the partial‐entrustment theory, surprisingly, can take on board each of these lessons. As so enhanced, it may actually be the best available relationship‐based theory of this subject.
No evidence that modification of soil microbiota by woody invader facilitates subsequent invasion by herbaceous species
Authors: Li Yan , Xu Xingliang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany terrestrial ecosystems are co‐invaded by multiple exotic species. The “invasional meltdown” hypothesis predicts that an initial invasive species will facilitate secondary invasions. In the plant kingdom, the potential underlying mechanisms of this hypothesis may be that modification of the soil properties by the initial invaders benefits for the subsequent exotic species invasion. In this study, we analyzed the composition of soil microbial communities and soil chemical properties from sites invaded by woody Rhus typhina, as well as uninvaded sites, to assess the impact of R. typhina invasion. Furthermore, we conducted a greenhouse experiment with multiple native–invasive pairs of herbaceous species to test whether R. typhina invasion facilitates subsequent exotic herb invasion. Our results showed that R. typhina invasion significantly altered the composition of soil fungal communities, especially pathogenic, endophytic, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, this change in microbial composition led to neither direction nor magnitude changes in negative plant–soil feedback effects on both native and invasive species. This indicates that initial R. typhina invasion does not facilitate subsequent herb invasion, which does not support the “invasional meltdown” hypothesis. Additionally, R. typhina invasion significantly decreased soil total nitrogen and organic carbon contents, which may explain the significantly lower biomass of herbaceous roots grown in invaded soils compared with uninvaded soils. Alternately, although invasive herb growth was significantly more inhibited by soil microbiota compared with native herb growth, such inhibition cannot completely eliminate the risk of exotic herb invasion because of their innate growth advantages. Therefore, microbial biocontrol agents for plant invasion management should be combined with another approach to suppress the innate growth advantages of exotic species.
A utilization distribution for the global population of Cape Vultures (Gypscoprotheres) to guide wind energy development
Authors: Cervantes Francisco , Murgatroyd Megan , Allan David G. , Farwig Nina , Kemp Ryno , Krüger Sonja , Maude Glyn , Mendelsohn John , Rösner Sascha , Schabo Dana G. , Tate Gareth , Wolter Kerri , Amar Arjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of wind energy in southern Africa represents an additional threat to the already fragile populations of African vultures. The distribution of the vulnerable Cape Vulture Gyps coprotheres overlaps considerably with wind energy development areas in South Africa, creating conflicts that can hinder both vulture conservation and sustainable energy development. To help address this conflict and aid in the safe placement of wind energy facilities, we map the utilization distribution (UD) of this species across its distributional range. Using tracking data from 68 Cape Vultures collected over the last 20 years, we develop a spatially explicit habitat use model to estimate the expected UDs around known colonies. Scaling the UDs by the number of vultures expected to use each of the colonies, we estimate the Cape Vulture population utilization distribution (PUD) and determine its exposure to wind farm impacts. To complement our results, we model the probability of a vulture flying within the rotor sweep area of a wind turbine throughout the species range and use this to identify areas that are particularly prone to collisions. Overall, our estimated PUD correlates well with reporting rates of the species from the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, currently used to assess potential overlap between Cape Vultures and wind energy developments, but it adds important benefits, such as providing a spatial gradient of activity estimates over the entire species range. We illustrate the application of our maps by analyzing the exposure of Cape Vultures in the Renewable Energy Development Zones (REDZs) in South Africa. This application is a scalable procedure that can be applied at different planning phases, from strategic, nationwide planning to project‐level assessments.
Landscape and site factors drive invasive Phragmites management and native plant recovery across Chesapeake Bay wetlands
Authors: Rohal Christine B. , Hazelton Eric L. G. , McFarland Eliza K. , Downard Rebekah , McCormick Melissa K. , Whigham Dennis F. , Kettenring Karin M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSuccessful invasive plant management—where invaders are sufficiently reduced and diverse native plant communities recover—remains an elusive goal for land managers. The site‐ and landscape‐scale drivers of variable management outcomes and vegetation recovery are poorly understood due to a lack of rigorous experiments that characterize longer term vegetation trends across contexts. We present the results of a five‐year experiment across eight subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay, representing a gradient of watersheds with differing dominant land‐use types and anthropogenic impacts, to evaluate invasive and native plant response to herbicide management. The focal invader, Phragmites australis (common reed), is one of the most aggressive and pervasive invasive plants in North American wetlands. We found that with multiyear herbicide treatments, it was possible to greatly reduce Phragmites across an array of subestuaries while increasing the cover and quality of native plant communities. Yet, by the end of the study, plant community composition in all Phragmites‐managed sites remained distinct from, even if composition was shifting toward, reference sites. There was also large inter‐site variation in the vegetation responses related to site environmental conditions and subestuary vegetation conditions. We uncovered specific aspects of the surrounding landscape that were linked to improved vegetation recovery—the species richness and conservation value of nearby wetlands. Results from this five‐year experiment conducted at multiple sites in Chesapeake Bay inform what is possible for management, particularly in more degraded landscapes and sites where setting realistic expectations and pragmatic goals will be essential. Assessing environmental and vegetation conditions of the site and surrounding landscape prior to commencing invasive species management is critical to predict the time and effort required to achieve restoration goals.
Sensitivity of bipartite network analyses to incomplete sampling and taxonomic uncertainty
Authors: Llopis‐Belenguer Cristina , Balbuena Juan Antonio , Blasco‐Costa Isabel , Karvonen Anssi , Sarabeev Volodimir , Jokela Jukka 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBipartite network analysis is a powerful tool to study the processes structuring interactions in ecological communities. In applying the method, it is assumed that the sampled interactions provide an accurate representation of the actual community. However, acquiring a representative sample may be difficult as not all species are equally abundant or easily identifiable. Two potential sampling issues can compromise the conclusions of bipartite network analyses: failure to capture the full range of interactions (sampling completeness) and use of a taxonomic level higher than species to evaluate the network (taxonomic resolution). We asked how commonly used descriptors of bipartite antagonistic communities (modularity, nestedness, connectance, and specialization [H2′]) are affected by reduced host sampling completeness, parasite taxonomic resolution, and their crossed effect, as they are likely to co‐occur. We used a quantitative niche model to generate weighted bipartite networks that resembled natural host–parasite communities. The descriptors were more sensitive to uncertainty in parasite taxonomic resolution than to host sampling completeness. When only 10% of parasite taxonomic resolution was retained, modularity and specialization decreased by ~76% and ~12%, respectively, and nestedness and connectance increased by ~114% and ~345% respectively. The loss of taxonomic resolution led to a wide range of possible communities, which made it difficult to predict its effects on a given network. With regards to host sampling completeness, standardized nestedness, connectance, and specialization were robust, whereas modularity was sensitive (~30% decrease). The combination of both sampling issues had an additive effect on modularity. In communities with low effort for both sampling issues (50%–10% of sampling completeness and taxonomic resolution), estimators of modularity, and nestedness could not be distinguished from those of random assemblages. Thus, the categorical description of communities with low sampling effort (e.g., if a community is modular or not) should be done with caution. We recommend evaluating both sampling completeness and taxonomic certainty when conducting bipartite network analyses. Care should also be exercised when using nonrobust descriptors (the four descriptors for parasite taxonomic resolution; modularity for host sampling completeness) when sampling issues are likely to affect a dataset.
Determination of thickness parameters of detonation shell and safety performance analysis
Authors: Dihua OuYang , ChunWei Qin , Xiaowen Qin , Xueying Hao , Shizhou Ma , Jiaxing Song 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOn the premise of security, it is necessary to ensure good operational performance and technical indicators for nonlethal weapons such as flash detonation bombs. To make the weight of a flash detonation grenade more convenient for hand throwing and material costs save, the outer dimensions of the grenade body are fixed, and the optimal parameters of outer shell thickness of the vertigo grenade are explored. Based on the maximum deformation energy theorem, the strength of the shell with the obtained maximum thickness of 8 mm is checked, and then the optimal shell thickness under the ideal air explosion condition is obtained by reducing the thickness; Then check the thread strength to obtain the inner casing fracture, shock wave, and sound pressure level. The fragmentation performance test, detonation test, and sound pressure level test were carried out for the projectiles involving the shell thickness of 4 and 5 mm, and the simulation results were verified from three aspects of sound intensity, shell strength, and fragments. The results show that the maximum equivalent stress is 232.6 MPa and the maximum deformation is 1.07 × 10−4 mm when the outer shell thickness of the vertigo grenade is 5 mm, which is less than the material failure strength standard and no plastic deformation could occur. The structural connection strength of the missile body meets the standard. Most of the fragments are trapped in the cavity. The average sound pressure level at 1.5 m can reach 159.7 dB. The relative error between the sound pressure level at 3 m and the live ammunition test results is 4.8%, which meets the expected operational technical indicators and has good safety performance. The results of the numerical simulation can provide a reference for the design optimization and performance evaluation of similar vertigo grenades.
Development and Validation of Predictive Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Models for Estrogenic Activities of Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Authors: Akinola Lukman K. , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon A. , Abechi Stephen E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Disruption of the endocrine system by hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) is hypothesized, among other potential mechanisms, to be mediated via nuclear receptor binding. Due to the high cost and lengthy time required to produce high-quality experimental data, empirical data to support the nuclear receptor binding hypothesis are in short supply. In the present study, two quantitative structure–activity relationship models were developed for predicting the estrogenic activities of OH-PCBs. Findings revealed that model I (for the estrogen receptor α dataset) contained five two-dimensional (2D) descriptors belonging to the classes autocorrelation, Burden modified eigenvalues, chi path, and atom type electrotopological state, whereas model II (for the estrogen receptor β dataset) contained three 2D and three 3D descriptors belonging to the classes autocorrelation, atom type electrotopological state, and Radial Distribution Function descriptors. The internal and external validation metrics reported for models I and II indicate that both models are robust, reliable, and suitable for predicting the estrogenic activities of untested OH-PCB congeners. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:823–834. © 2023 SETAC
Under mother's eyes: Black gaze, state violence, and resilience in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Haynes Marta‐Laura 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTIn 2009, French street artist JR appeared in the oldest favela in Rio de Janeiro and started taking photographs of women who were collectively mourning the recent slaughter of three teenagers. In a communal effort, these black‐and‐white portraits were reproduced at an enormous scale and pasted onto the favela's facade. Up close, the images were so big that they seemed to have no particular form. But from a distance, the faces assembled, revealing women's eyes gazing steadily at the city beneath the favela. In this article, I explore how the installation can be understood as a commentary on gendered and racial state violence against Black motherhood. I turn to the images as ethnographic subjects to theorize ways Black femininity is constructed, experienced and understood in Rio. The central question I pose in this article is about the power and potential of the motherly gaze to replace the violent male stare—the one that misrepresents and disempowers those most vulnerable to distortion's ill effects. I make the case that the (bri)collage is a call to further examine the relationship of poor Black mothers with the state, how they combat negative public representation ascribed to Black youth, and how they negotiate the safety of their families.
How can we confront climate denial? Critical literacy+, eco‐civic practices, and inquiry
Authors: Damico James , Baildon Mark , Panos Alexandra 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile scientific consensus about human‐caused climate change has been clear for decades, denial of this scienceanddenial about the need for timely, responsive action continue in the United States and around the world. TheClimate Denial Inquiry Modelcan help educators grapple with the complex components of this denial with critical literacy+ and eco‐civic practices of deliberation, reflexivity, and counter‐narration to help investigate climate denial texts, stories, contexts, and philosophies. This charts a pathway toward ecojustice‐centered stories‐To‐live by.
Negative effect of prolonged cecal intubation time on adenoma detection in female patients
Authors: Hamada Yasuhiko , Tanaka Kyosuke , Horiki Noriyuki , Tsuboi Junya , Yamada Reiko , Nakamura Misaki , Tamaru Satoshi , Yamada Tomomi , Nakagawa Hayato 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimWithdrawal time of the colonoscope is associated with adenoma detection. However, the association between cecal intubation time and adenoma detection remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between cecal intubation time and adenoma detection.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed prospectively collected data from a randomized controlled trial on female patients who underwent colonoscopy in an academic hospital. The primary outcome was the mean number of all adenomas detected per patient. Secondary outcomes included the mean number of advanced, diminutive, small/large, right‐sided colonic, and left‐sided colonic adenomas detected per patient. Furthermore, the detection rates of all categories of adenoma were evaluated.ResultsThe analysis included 216 female patients aged ≥20 years. The correlation analysis did not reveal a significant relationship (P = 0.473) between cecal intubation and withdrawal times. The mean number of all adenomas detected per patient declined by approximately 30% (1.05–0.70) from the fastest to the slowest insertion time quartile. Adjusted regression analysis showed a significant decrease in the mean number of all adenomas detected per patient with increased intubation time (relative risk, RR = 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.99, P = 0.045), whereas the mean number of other categories of adenomas detected per patient and the detection rates of all categories of adenoma were not associated with the cecal intubation time.ConclusionsThis study showed a significant association between prolonged cecal intubation time and decreased adenoma detection. The cecal intubation time may be a significant quality indicator for colonoscopy.