bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global trends in atmospheric layer thickness since 1940 and relationships with tropical and extratropical climate forcing
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie , Lee Cameron C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Global warming necessitates continual insights into changing atmospheric temperatures to enhance climate change monitoring and prediction. The thickness of an atmospheric layer serves as an effective proxy for the average temperature of that layer, playing a pivotal role in weather forecasting, understanding atmospheric dynamics, and detecting shifts in extreme weather conditions. This study investigates the global trends in thickness of the layer between 1000 hPa and 500 hPa, from 1940 to the present and evaluates the impact of tropical and extra-tropical climate modes on these trends. Our findings reveal a consistent, statistically significant positive trend in atmospheric layer thickness. However, the magnitude of this trend varies both regionally and seasonally. The most substantial absolute changes are observed in the high latitudes during their respective winter seasons; however, when considering global changes relative to each location’s unique historical variability, the most pronounced increase occurs in the tropics, specifically over central Africa, with a standard deviation increase of up to 0.03 σ yr−1. Based on the relative changes, the thickness over the Southern Hemisphere’s high-latitude landmasses is increasing at a faster pace during its winter compared to the Northern Hemisphere during its winter. Furthermore, our analysis of the impact of dominant tropical and extra-tropical climate modes revealed a strong correlation (R ∼ 0.9) between sea surface temperature changes in the Pacific warm pool region and the global average thickness. This relationship accounts for about 76% to 78% variance of the inter-annual variability in thickness. Consequently, we identify the increase in sea surface temperature in the Indo-Pacific warm pool as a significant controller of the rate and magnitude of atmospheric layer thickness changes globally. This underscores the crucial role of oceanic-atmospheric interactions in driving global climate variations and extremes.
Overview of the III International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure Solutions (AEGIS-III 2023)
Authors: Shavazov K A , Kh Shomirzaev M , Astanakulov K D , Umurzakov Z M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The overview describes the main directions and results of the III International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure Solutions (AEGIS-III 2023) held in Tashkent on 28-30 March 2023 It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings. A description of the main trends in agricultural mechanization and food technologies, green infrastructure solutions, environmental engineering for sustainable development of the modern society are given in the overview.
List of Programme Committee, Organizing Committee are available in this Pdf.
Calculation of the change in raw cotton mass when passing through the working chamber of the harvester
Authors: Rizaev A A , Kuldoshev D A , Djuraeva N B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The motion of the mass of a cotton plant through the working area formed by two parallel spindles on paired drums refers to the class of problems on the material passage through a narrowing area. The article is devoted to modeling the interaction process between the spindle apparatus and the cotton plant to determine the change in the mass of the cotton product (raw cotton) with plant elements when passing through the working area of the harvesting apparatus. According to this model, a cotton plant is modeled as a continuous medium with the simplest mechanical property characterizing the process of compression and tension of the cotton mass. To perform numerical calculations, classical methods of modeling and probabilistic analysis of technological processes of interaction between cotton and the spindles of a harvesting machine were used. On the basis of numerical calculations, in the MathCAD 15 programming environment graphs were plotted that describe the patterns of changes in the cotton mass during the contact of cotton with the spindles of the cotton harvester.
Electrification of the mechanical drive of vertical spindle cotton picker drums
Authors: Shoumarova M , Abdillayev T , Yusupov Sh A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article notes that the existing mechanical drive of the vertical spindle drums in the cotton harvester is complex, with uncovered multi-stage gear transmissions that create a strong noise, and engagements that do not occur throughout the height of the tooth. The drive of the first left drum is particularly complex, as the movement from the apparatus gearbox is transmitted through six gear engagements. Open gears quickly wear out, which disrupts the chessboard arrangement of spindles and reduces the completeness of cotton collection. It is believed that almost 80% of cotton is collected by the first pair of drums. Frequent disruptions in the chessboard arrangement of spindles of the first pair of drums, therefore, greatly affect the completeness of collection. Therefore, the authors propose to improve this drive by electrifying it. They recommend replacing the machine’s distribution gearbox with a direct current generator. Electrification will make the spindle drum drive more compact. It will be possible to slightly vary the speeds of only the rear spindle drums for technological reasons.
Adaptation of multipurpose tractors to row spaces of cotton crops
Authors: Akhmetov A A , Akhmedov Sh A , Kambarova D U 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the Republic of Uzbekistan, cotton cultivation is carried out on row spacings of 60; 76 and 90 cm. The machine-tractor parks of cotton-growing farms are equipped with agricultural machines designed for these inter-row spacings and they are aggregated by tractors with gauges designed for them. Such a variety of tractor gauges creates the problem of mismatch between the gauge and row spacing when moving from one row spacing to another, increases the variety of spare parts and narrows the scope of their use only within one type of row spacing. The discrepancy between the gauge of serial universal row-crop tractors and the cultivated row spacing leads to damage to the plant and compaction of the soil in the area where its root system is located. Overconsolidation of the soil by more than 1.1 g/cm3 leads to a slowdown in plant growth and development, an increase in soil resistivity during subsequent tillage operations and, most importantly, a decrease in crop yield. Studies have established that, despite the variety of designs of known devices used to adjust the track, they change the track stepwise and in an insufficient range, as a result of which the tractor does not fit into the row spacing. To eliminate the shortcomings of the known methods for adjusting the track, a device has been developed for adapting the tractor running system to work on different row spacings. The developed device allows, without the use of attachments or interchangeable axle shafts and their casings, to accurately adapt the tractor’s running system to the aisle of crops cultivated by it, thereby eliminating the existing shortcomings of serial universal row-cultivator tractors. The article provides a description of the proposed technical solution and the method of its application.
Stabilizer for reversing vertical spindles in the drum removal area of cotton-picking apparatus
Authors: Shoumarova M , Abdillayev T , Yusupov Sh A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The main indicator of the quality of the cotton harvesting machine is the completeness of collecting the grown crop into the bin, which is usually 3-4% lower than the completeness of collecting spindles. This is because the remover of vertical-spindle machines does not fully remove the cotton bobbins from the spindles. Part of the cotton wound on the spindle is carried away into the working zone without being removed. This phenomenon is called “cotton carry-over”. According to previous authors, “Carry-over” reaches 3-4% of the spindle collection completeness. This happens because the spindle roller, after leaving contact with the external belts, rotates by inertia and when it encounters the inner belts of the removal zone, the spindle suddenly slows down to change the direction of rotation. Here, due to the braking, the cotton bobbin falls off the spindle by “self-release”. If the braking is excessive, some cotton bobbins lose their grip on the spindle and remain on it as a free ring. If the brush remover does not remove this “ring”, it is “carried over” by the spindle into the working zone. This process reduces the completeness of the collection in the hopper. In order to ensure the stability of cotton collection by the spindle, it is necessary to provide an increased pulling force of the friction drive in the working zone. In our experiments, this was achieved by replacing the conventional V-belts of the drive with multi-ribbed belts. Multi-ribbed belts increase the pulling force by 1.5 times because their grip with the small radius roller is improved. In the removal zone of the drum, it is also necessary to install multi-ribbed belts, which, due to their better grip, brake the spindle more sharply and increase carry-over. To reduce this process, a stabilizer is installed on the head of the reverse rotation brake, which allows the braking process to be adjusted. This article provides materials explaining the design of this stabilizer.
Graphic and analytical study of the kinematics of the multiloop coulisse mechanism of the cotton harvester
Authors: Siddikov Shukhrat , Sadriddinov Azmuddin , Abdazimov Anvar , Khajiev Masharip 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article presents the methodology and results of a graphic and analytical study of the kinematics of a rotating backstage relating to a multi-circuit multiloop coulisse mechanism for planting bushes of a vertical-spindle drum of a cotton harvester apparatus. The authors describe the study of the influence of the structure and geometry of individual links of the multiloop coulisse mechanism of the vertical- spindle drum of a Cotton harvester apparatus on its kinematics. Graphic and analytical study of the kinematics of the mechanism and the advantages of this research method are given. Calculation and graphical works were carried out to determine the parameters of linear and angular velocities of the characteristic points of the rotating wings of the multi-circuit scotch mechanism for 12 positions of the crank. The results of the calculations are summarized in a general table and presented in the form of graphs. The article is of interest for a practical analysis of the flow of the working process of a multi-circuit rocker mechanism. The graphs clearly show the changes in the kinematic parameters of the mechanism links within the working cycle.
Green energy efficiency and its impact on sustainable development
Authors: Bespalyy Sergey 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Today, there are certain barriers that hinder the transition to a low-carbon economy. In many ways, they are related to the incentives that have developed in the traditional economy aimed at the development of energy-intensive, resource-consuming industries, with the lack of state regulation of the development of environmentally friendly, “green” technologies, with a lack of awareness of business and consumers about the danger of further environmental degradation, as well as about the benefits, associated with the use of “green” technologies. Some experts question whether a full-fledged renewable energy system is possible in temperate countries, primarily because of relatively large heating needs during the cold season. The article provides an analysis of what green alternatives there are to traditional technologies in heating and energy saving. Nowadays it is important to use energy wisely, this can be done through energy savings by investing in more energy efficient products that reduce both energy bills and our environmental impact.
Overload protection for forestry machines when using pressed wood friction material
Authors: Borodin N A , Knyazev A V , Tkachev V V , Zimarin S V , Borovikov R G , Shcheblykin P N 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article proposes an original approach to the protection of forestry machines from overloads when using a friction material made of pressed wood. The use of compressed wood is an environmentally important aspect in the manufacture of friction materials for safety devices of forestry machines. This approach contributes to the development of green technologies in forestry engineering and ensures an increase in the environmental friendliness of logging operations. However, from an environmental point of view, self-ignition of pressed wood must be avoided. The definition of the transmitted and adjusting torque in relation to the frictional safety clutch is considered. It is noted that when the safety device slips, the friction material made of pressed wood will wear out unevenly, in the form of a wedge, if the working width of the contacting surfaces is large. A diagram of the calculated friction clutch is presented, as well as a diagram of the pressure fuse block, from which it can be seen how the rubber rings are not deformed in the same way due to their difference in diameters. It is noted that for forestry machines operating with frequent overloads, it is necessary to take into account the dynamic loads that occur during overload at the moment the fuse is triggered.
Tests on the tractor installed experimental device for heating the mixture of bioethanol in diesel fuel
Authors: Khakimov B , Sharipov Z , Alikulov S , Alimova Z , Ganiboyeva E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Research and development activities aimed at the development of new scientific and technical bases of resource-saving technologies and mixed fuel preparation devices, which implement the use of alternative fuels to save traditional fuels, are being carried out. On the basis of theoretical and experimental studies, the initial requirements and technical conditions of the device for heating the bioethanol mixture to the diesel fuel and the engine supply system was tested. The fuel mixture prepared by heating the recommended diesel fuel and bioethanol proportioned mixture was tested on the TTZ 80.10 tractor. The tests showed that the specified injection angle of the UTN-5 fuel pump was advanced by 2 degrees, and the injector needle pressure was determined to be 1.4-1.6 MPa.
Regulation of tolerances of associated parts of mechanisms of livestock farms during repair
Authors: Alijanov D , Sakhrov V , Jumatov Ya , Turdibekov A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The paper considers an algorithm for optimizing the efficient distribution of resources that determine the cost of assembly work, subject to restrictions that ensure high quality assembly of livestock machines and equipment. To determine the required tolerance values for parts, one can use the known methods of parametric optimization. Therefore, the application to the solution of the problem of the method of Lagrangian multipliers as a result of the calculations obtained the optimal tolerances of the details of the angle. Upon completion of the calculations, the optimal assembly parameters of the node for various values are obtained; the result is presented in graphical form. There are various methods for calculating component tolerances of mating parts. Methods based on the statistical evaluation of tolerances and finding their root-mean-square deviations make it possible to reduce the degree of risk when expanding the tolerance limits for mating parts and reduce assembly losses. The correct assignment of tolerances allows one to achieve significant savings in material resources and reduce production costs. The most effective solutions may be those obtained by implementing optimization procedures that ensure the minimization of the quality criterion under the conditions of restrictions determined by the components of the assembly assembly process.
Cleaning of transformer oils using the electric field
Authors: Yusupov D T , Avazov B K , Kutbidinov O M , Bazarov M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A used oil sample of KTPJO 10/27.5/023 of power transformers which are used on the railway was selected and cleaned by means of electric field. This process was carried out using a device assembled on the basis of a special scheme. Unrefined and refined oil samples were tested for electrical strength, i.e. breakdown voltage, on AID-70m and HUAZHENG (HZJQ-X1 Transformer Oil BDV Tester) dielectric testers. The results were compared and analyzed by the regression method. It was determined that the operational characteristics of the oil were improved.
Development and study of adsorption properties of a new sulfur polyvinyl chloride cation exchanger for water treatment
Authors: Yusupov Farxod , Kucharov Azizbek , Baymatova Gulnoza , Shukurullayev Botir , Yuldashev Rezhabboy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The article analyses the sorption properties of thermally and chemically stable sulfonic cation exchange resin based on PVC. The article presents the temperature dependence of the analysis results of the sorption properties of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions of sulfonated PVC. The results of the obtained sorption analysis are scientifically confirmed in the article. In addition, spatial Bode angle diagrams are presented, which provide very important scientific evidence of single maxima at intermediate frequencies. Purification of industrial waste water of enterprises was carried out with the help of the obtained sulfonic cation exchanger.
The effectiveness of various doses of magnesium-containing fertilizers in the cultivation of winter rapeseed
Authors: Akanova Natalia , Kozlova Alevtina , Esipenko Sergey , Zhivotovskaya Elena , Seregina Inga 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The effect of various doses and forms of magnesium-containing fertilizers on the production process of winter rapeseed plants was studied in field experiments. It was found that the combined use of Agromag magnesium-containing fertilizers contributed to an increase in the yield of winter rapeseed plants. An increase in the dose of magnesium-containing fertilizers did not lead to an increase in the efficiency of applied fertilizers. The use of magnesium-containing fertilizers containing sulfur has led to an increase in the efficiency of fertilizers due to an increase in the mass of seeds per 1 plant.
Energy intensity of the device for lifting the soil of the machine for pre-sowing soil preparation and sowing
Authors: Syromyatnikov Yuriy , Orekhovskaya Alexandra , Klyosov Dmitriy , Taraban Maria , Yao Lubov , Zagidullin Ramil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The subject of the study is the process of the machine for preparing the soil and sowing sunflower and corn seeds. The technological process of operation of the machine with installed guide passive rotating flat discs with ridges seeding apparatus, seed line, furrow, rotor, separating grid, parallelogram mechanism, spring, plumeshare is described. Studies have been carried out at reducing the energy consumption of the device for lifting the soil by installing support drums between the guide disks, the radius of rotation of which is less than the radius of the disks. It is determined that in order to obtain the minimum values of the kinematic parameter at the lowest energy consumption, the radius of the guide discs must be chosen, based on the conditions of the depth of seed embedding in the soil, the smallest. With an increase in the coefficient of adhesion, the traction resistance of the working section of the tillage machine increases more significantly than the kinematic parameter. Therefore, in order to reduce the traction resistance, it is necessary to strive to reduce the coefficient of adhesion of the drum with the soil.
Advanced front plow
Authors: Mamato F , Kh Shomirzaev M , Badalov S , Rakhmatov D , Choriev I 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The process of smooth plowing with the turnover of layers within its own furrow is characterized by high energy costs due to the interaction of the plow body and the plow in conditions of blocked cutting. The purpose of the research is to substantiate the type of the second-rear body of the frontal plow. The proposed front plow for smooth plowing contains twin screw housings, first-row colliders, rear screw right- and left-turning plow housings, second-row colliders. Screw right- and left-turning plow housings are equipped with mirror-mounted screw shortened stabilizing plates. The transverse distance from the field cutoff to the front of the stabilizing plate is greater than the width of the body grip. As a result, the rear bodies work in a semi-open furrow, which helps to reduce the traction resistance of the plow. The results of experimental studies to substantiate the type of rear enclosures are presented. Experiments were carried out with the following types of rear housings: cultured, semi-screw, screw and screw housing with a guide plate. It is established that when performing the rear screw housings and equipping them with guide plates, the quality indicators of the plow fully comply with agro technical requirements. At the same time, the degree of embedding of plant residues and the height of irregularities is 92-95% and 4.3-5 cm, respectively.
Technologies to reduce water waste during land leaching and cultivation of industrial crops
Authors: Begmatov I , Kh Khajiev M , Atadjanova M M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
More than half of Uzbekistan’s irrigated land is saline to some degree. The drying up of the Aral Sea has intensified this process. Chronic salt storms in the northern part of the country have for many years sprayed large quantities of salt onto agricultural land, leading to increased salinisation. These processes cause the water required to flush saline soils year after year. The problem is exacerbated by water shortages worldwide, including in Central Asia. This requires leaching of saline soils and a multiplication of the water used in crop cultivation. Therefore, alternative use of water resources in our country is one of the most important issues for agriculture. Introduction of salt leaching and cultivation in farms on the basis of outdated technologies and low efficiency of new technologies (bio-solvent washing, etc.) in production of new salt leaching and cultivation remain a negative obstacle for economic development of farms and the country as a whole. The analysis shows that in our country billions of cubic meters of water are used for flushing of saline soils and cultivation of agricultural crops, but only 60% of this water reaches the fields where crops are grown, while the rest of it disappears into the irrigation systems and irrigation processes (canals, ditches and branch lines). When providing water resources for soil salinisation and cultivation by means of trapezoidal canals, part of the water flowing through them dissolves and filters the mineral and organic fertilizers in the soil due to air pressure and gravity, as a result up to 30% of water is lost (wasted). In this paper the water resources for soil washing and crop cultivation are replaced by a parabolic excavator with a trapezoidal boom, designed to save up to 30% of water resources.