bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Surface Electron Accumulation Layer of In2O3 by Adsorption of Molecular Electron Donors and Acceptors
Authors: Wang Rongbin , Schultz Thorsten , Papadogianni Alexandra , Longhi Elena , Gatsios Christos , Zu Fengshuo , Zhai Tianshu , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. , Bierwagen Oliver , Amsalem Patrick , Koch Norbert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn2O3, an n‐type semiconducting transparent transition metal oxide, possesses a surface electron accumulation layer (SEAL) resulting from downward surface band bending due to the presence of ubiquitous oxygen vacancies. Upon annealing In2O3 in ultrahigh vacuum or in the presence of oxygen, the SEAL can be enhanced or depleted, as governed by the resulting density of oxygen vacancies at the surface. In this work, an alternative route to tune the SEAL by adsorption of strong molecular electron donors (specifically here ruthenium pentamethylcyclopentadienyl mesitylene dimer, [RuCp*mes]2) and acceptors (here 2,2′‐(1,3,4,5,7,8‐hexafluoro‐2,6‐naphthalene‐diylidene)bis‐propanedinitrile, F6TCNNQ) is demonstrated. Starting from an electron‐depleted In2O3 surface after annealing in oxygen, the deposition of [RuCp*mes]2 restores the accumulation layer as a result of electron transfer from the donor molecules to In2O3, as evidenced by the observation of (partially) filled conduction sub‐bands near the Fermi level via angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy, indicating the formation of a 2D electron gas due to the SEAL. In contrast, when F6TCNNQ is deposited on a surface annealed without oxygen, the electron accumulation layer vanishes and an upward band bending is generated at the In2O3 surface due to electron depletion by the acceptor molecules. Hence, further opportunities to expand the application of In2O3 in electronic devices are revealed.
Supramolecular Chemistry of Carbon‐Based Dots Offers Widespread Opportunities
Authors: Arcudi Francesca , Đorđević Luka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCarbon dots are an emerging class of nanomaterials that has recently attracted considerable attention for applications that span from biomedicine to energy. These photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles are defined by characteristic sizes of <10 nm, a carbon‐based core and various functional groups at their surface. Although the surface groups are widely used to establish non‐covalent bonds (through electrostatic interactions, coordinative bonds, and hydrogen bonds) with various other (bio)molecules and polymers, the carbonaceous core could also establish non‐covalent bonds (ππ stacking or hydrophobic interactions) with π‐extended or apolar compounds. The surface functional groups, in addition, can be modified by various post‐synthetic chemical procedures to fine‐tune the supramolecular interactions. Our contribution categorizes and analyzes the interactions that are commonly used to engineer carbon dots‐based materials and discusses how they have allowed preparation of functional assemblies and architectures used for sensing, (bio)imaging, therapeutic applications, catalysis, and devices. Using non‐covalent interactions as a bottom‐up approach to prepare carbon dots‐based assemblies and composites can exploit the unique features of supramolecular chemistry, which include adaptability, tunability, and stimuli‐responsiveness due to the dynamic nature of the non‐covalent interactions. It is expected that focusing on the various supramolecular possibilities will influence the future development of this class of nanomaterials.
Lean 4.0 in the value co‐creation in agro‐industrial services: An agenda for future studies for the efficient resource use
Authors: Bonamigo Andrei , de Azeredo Raíssa Ribeiro , Monteiro de Camargo Filho José Eugênio , de Souza Andrade Herlandí 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the last few years, the Lean 4.0 concept has emerged and gained prominence on the world stage for waste and efficient natural resources management, once including the Lean thinking philosophy for management and technologies from Industry 4.0 for supporting and sharing data and information among the actors in the supply chain. This new management technic allows reorganizes the business process and stimulates the circular supply chain based on intelligent services and sharing data, information and know‐how among the actors in production systems. However, it is not clear in the current literature that the opportunities are linked to the relationship between Lean 4.0 and the efficient use of resources in the agro‐industrial environment. Based on the exposure, this paper intends to show an agenda for future research linked to Lean 4.0 in the value co‐creation in agro‐industrial services. We identified five topics for future research that are related to Lean 4.0 for efficient resource use.
Characterization and Applications of Red Mud, an Aluminum Industry Waste Material, in the Construction and Building Industries, as well as Catalysis
Authors: Al‐Fakih Amin , Mohamed Nor Zakaria , Inayath Basha Shaik , Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M. , Ahmad Shamsad , Al‐Osta Mohammed A. , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe disposal of red mud (RM), a waste material generated by the aluminum industry, remains a global environmental concern because of its high alkalinity and smaller particle size, which have the potential to pollute air, soil, and water. Recently, efforts have been made to develop a strategy for reusing industrial byproducts, such as RM, and turning waste into value‐added products. The use of RM as (i) a supplementary cementitious material for construction and building materials, such as cement, concrete, bricks, ceramics, and geopolymers, and (ii) a catalyst is discussed in this review. Furthermore, the physical, chemical, mineralogical, structural, and thermal properties of RM, as well as its environmental impact, are also discussed in this review. It is possible to conclude that using RM in catalysis, cement, and construction industries is the most efficient way to recycle this byproduct on a large scale. However, the low cementitious properties of RM can be attributed to a reduction in the fresh and mechanical properties of composites incorporating RM. On the other hand, RM can be used as an efficient active catalyst to synthesize organic molecules and reduce air pollution, which not only makes use of solid waste but also lowers the price of the catalyst. The review provides basic information on the characterization of RM and its suitability in various applications, paving the way for more advanced research on the sustainable disposal of RM waste. Future research perspectives on the utilization of RM are also addressed.
An exploratory study examining the experiences of international students in an intensive English program
Authors: Ammigan Ravichandran , Bentahar Adil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the experiences and preferences of international students during their programs of study can be crucial for how institutions of higher education recruit, retain, and ensure the success of students in an increasingly competitive global market. While there is a well‐established body of literature on the academic and living experiences of students in general, few empirical studies have examined the perspectives of those specifically enrolled in intensive English programs (IEPs). This quantitative study investigates the degree to which international students were satisfied with various aspects of their IEP experience at a university located in the mid‐Atlantic region of the United States. It uses data from the International Student Barometer, a global benchmarking tool for assessing student satisfaction, to evaluate associations between international students' overall program experiences and 67 different satisfaction variables within their arrival, learning, living, and support services environments. Bivariate correlation analyses reveal the most prominent associations with students' overall program experiences, including the need for orientation programs and a sense of belonging upon arrival on campus; access to and personal support from instructors and academic staff; opportunities to engage socially and culturally; and support services on immigration issues and mental wellness. Findings from this study highlight the importance of university‐wide curricular and co‐curricular support services for enhancing the experiences of IEP international students. They also point to a few recommendations around strengthening language learning support, remote learning options, teacher professional development, and assessment practices for international educators and university administrators.
A rapid and universal method for depth estimation of lesions in heterogeneous tissues via photosafe ratiometric transmission Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Lin Li , Ye Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNoninvasive detection of deep lesions remains a long‐standing goal for clinical applications, with depth estimation of a single lesion in heterogeneous tissues being a key challenge. Currently, optical techniques are widely applied for lesion detection, but they face difficulties in achieving rapid and precise lesion depth estimation, particularly when the lesions are buried in thick heterogeneous tissues and the applied irradiance is below clinically maximum permissible exposure. Herein, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a universal method for depth prediction of phantom lesions labeled with surface‐enhanced Raman scattering nanotags in thick biological tissues using ratiometric transmission Raman spectroscopy (TRS). We begin by highlighting the linear relationship between the natural logarithm of Raman peak‐to‐peak ratio and the lesion depth and establishing a home‐built TRS system with the clinically safe irradiance. We achieve an accurate depth prediction for phantom lesions hidden in 6‐cm‐thick ex vivo homogeneous tissue with a root mean squared error (RMSE) as low as 2.42%. Additionally, we predict the depth of phantom lesions buried in 5‐cm‐thick ex vivo heterogeneous tissues with an RMSE of down to 8.35%. We also demonstrate the applicability of this method theoretically for highly heterogeneous tissues such as complex in vivo environments. This work provides a rapid, robust, and universal method to estimate the depth of lesions in complex biological samples, demonstrating the potential of ratiometric Raman spectroscopy for lesion localization in clinical applications.
The eastern Mediterranean extreme snowfall of January 2022: synoptic analysis and impact of sea‐surface temperature
Authors: Patlakas Platon , Chaniotis Ioannis , Hatzaki Maria , Kouroutzoglou John , Flocas Helena A. 
Published: April 2023

The Mediterranean Sea is affected by cyclonic activity often associated with extreme weather. Intense snowfall events are rare, but when they occur they can lead to severe impacts especially due to the lack of infrastructure and public awareness. This study focuses on the mechanisms that can trigger extreme snowstorms over the eastern Mediterranean and the quantification of the influence of sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies on them. Different scenarios show that positive SST anomalies lead to more severe snowfall over higher altitudes, whereas negative anomalies lead to longer duration of snow cover on lower altitudes and seaside areas.image
The mass mortality of Asia's native pigs induced by African swine fever
Authors: Luskin Matthew Scott , Moore Jonathan H. , Mendes Calebe P. , Nasardin Musalmah Bt , Onuma Monubu , Davies Stuart J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAsia's wild pigs are ecosystem engineers and a key food for predators and people. The arrival of African swine fever (ASF) in 2018 induced near‐100% fatality in domestic pigs and decimated the Chinese pork industry in 2020 but outcomes for wild pigs have been delayed and unclear. Here we report on the mass mortality of native wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Peninsular Malaysia. ASF was confirmed at our long‐term study site in February 2022 and wild boar carcasses increased >100‐fold in June 2022 compared to prior years. Camera trapping revealed an 87% decline in wild boar activity in 2022 compared to five prior surveys. Wild boars retired in old birthing nests and pairs of animals died next to each other in the open. Similar results are being anecdotally reported across the region with immense repercussions suspected on ecology and conservation. We urge a rapid research response to take advantage of this unique natural experiment.
Transforming the Politics of the Black Body: Trans-corporeality, Epistemological Resistance, and Spencerism in Charles W. Chesnutt
Authors: Klestil Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter considers Charles W. Chesnutt’s Uncle Julius stories as texts that revise the black body as an environmental entity. Conjure stories such as “Po’ Sandy,” “Sis’ Becky’s Pickaninny,” or “The Gray Wolf’s Ha’nt” can be read as expressions of a trans-corporeal (Alaimo) African American environmental knowledge. Beyond drawing attention self-reflexively to the difficulties and potentials of depicting links between black bodies and non-human nature, Chesnutt’s trans-corporeal environmental knowledge also signifies, I argue, on Spencer’s social evolutionary ideas. Moreover, Chesnutt’s texts thereby offer a deeply philosophical reflection on the possibilities and limits of environmental knowledge, which makes them thought provoking comments on the epistemological and ethical interrelations between race and nature more generally and particularly rich environmental texts.
Unboundedness Problems for Machines with Reversal-Bounded Counters
Authors: Baumann Pascal , D’Alessandro Flavio , Ganardi Moses , Ibarra Oscar , McQuillan Ian , Schütze Lia , Zetzsche Georg 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider a general class of decision problems concerning formal languages, called “(one-dimensional) unboundedness predicates”, for automata that feature reversal-bounded counters (RBCA). We show that each problem in this class reduces—non-deterministically in polynomial time—to the same problem for just finite automata. We also show an analogous reduction for automata that have access to both a pushdown stack and reversal-bounded counters (PRBCA).This allows us to answer several open questions: For example, we show that it is$$\textsf{coNP}$$coNP-complete to decide whether a given (P)RBCA languageLis bounded, meaning whether there exist words$$w_1,\ldots ,w_n$$w1,…,wnwith$$L\subseteq w_1^*\cdots w_n^*$$L⊆w1∗⋯wn∗. For PRBCA, even decidability was open. Our methods also show that there is no language of a (P)RBCA of intermediate growth. This means, the number of words of each length grows either polynomially or exponentially. Part of our proof is likely of independent interest: We show that one can translate an RBCA into a machine with$$\mathbb {Z}$$Z-counters in logarithmic space, while preserving the accepted language.
Weighted and Branching Bisimilarities from Generalized Open Maps
Authors: Dubut Jérémy , Wißmann Thorsten 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the open map approach to bisimilarity, the paths and their runs in a given state-based system are the first-class citizens, and bisimilarity becomes a derived notion. While open maps were successfully used to model bisimilarity in non-deterministic systems, the approach fails to describe quantitative system equivalences such as probabilistic bisimilarity. In the present work, we see that this is indeed impossible and we thus generalize the notion of open maps to also accommodate weighted and probabilistic bisimilarity. Also, extending the notions of strong path and path bisimulations into this new framework, we show that branching bisimilarity can be captured by this extended theory and that it can be viewed as the history preserving restriction of weak bisimilarity.
Compositional Learning for Interleaving Parallel Automata
Authors: Labbaf Faezeh , Groote Jan Friso , Hojjat Hossein , Mousavi Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractActive automata learning has been a successful technique to learn the behaviour of state-based systems by interacting with them through queries. In this paper, we develop a compositional algorithm for active automata learning in which systems comprising interleaving parallel components are learned compositionally. Our algorithm automatically learns the structure of systems while learning the behaviour of the components. We prove that our approach is sound and that it learns a maximal set of interleaving parallel components. We empirically evaluate the effectiveness of our approach and show that our approach requires significantly fewer numbers of input symbols and resets while learning systems. Our empirical evaluation is based on a large number of subject systems obtained from a case study in the automotive domain.
Kantorovich Functors and Characteristic Logics for Behavioural Distances
Authors: Goncharov Sergey , Hofmann Dirk , Nora Pedro , Schröder Lutz , Wild Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBehavioural distances measure the deviation between states in quantitative systems, such as probabilistic or weighted systems. There is growing interest in generic approaches to behavioural distances. In particular, coalgebraic methods capture variations in the system type (nondeterministic, probabilistic, game-based etc.), and the notion of quantale abstracts over the actual values distances take, thus covering, e.g., two-valued equivalences, (pseudo)metrics, and probabilistic (pseudo)metrics. Coalgebraic behavioural distances have been based either on liftings of $$\textsf{Set}$$
Set
-functors to categories of metric spaces, or on lax extensions of $$\textsf{Set}$$
Set
-functors to categories of quantitative relations. Every lax extension induces a functor lifting but not every lifting comes from a lax extension. It was shown recently that every lax extension is Kantorovich, i.e. induced by a suitable choice of monotone predicate liftings, implying via a quantitative coalgebraic Hennessy-Milner theorem that behavioural distances induced by lax extensions can be characterized by quantitative modal logics. Here, we essentially show the same in the more general setting of behavioural distances induced by functor liftings. In particular, we show that every functor lifting, and indeed every functor on (quantale-valued) metric spaces, that preserves isometries is Kantorovich, so that the induced behavioural distance (on systems of suitably restricted branching degree) can be characterized by a quantitative modal logic.
A Logical Framework with Higher-Order Rational (Circular) Terms
Authors: Chen Zhibo , Pfenning Frank 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLogical frameworks provide natural and direct ways of specifying and reasoning within deductive systems. The logical framework LF and subsequent developments focus on finitary proof systems, making the formalization of circular proof systems in such logical frameworks a cumbersome and awkward task. To address this issue, we propose$$ \text {CoLF} $$CoLF, a conservative extension of LF with higher-order rational terms and mixed inductive and coinductive definitions. In this framework, two terms are equal if they unfold to the same infinite regular Böhm tree. Both term equality and type checking are decidable in$$ \text {CoLF} $$CoLF. We illustrate the elegance and expressive power of the framework with several small case studies.
A Programming Language Characterizing Quantum Polynomial Time
Authors: Hainry Emmanuel , Péchoux Romain , Silva Mário 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce a first-order quantum programming language, named foq, whose terminating programs are reversible. We restrict foq to a strict and tractable subset, named pfoq, of terminating programs with bounded width, that provides a first programming language-based characterization of the quantum complexity class fbqp. We finally present a tractable semantics-preserving algorithm compiling a pfoq program to a quantum circuit of size polynomial in the number of input qubits.
Carbonate budgets in Lakshadweep Archipelago bear the signature of local impacts and global climate disturbances
Authors: Divan Patel Farai , Pinto Wenzel , Dey Mayukh , Alcoverro Teresa , Arthur Rohan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPredicted sea-level rise and increased storm frequency caused by climate change drastically threaten low-lying inhabited coral atolls. Coral reef frameworks are the atolls’ primary defence from these changes. The growth and integrity of these frameworks is reflected in their carbonate budgets, a dynamic balance between biogenic accretion through coral growth and erosional forces, both of which are affected by factors acting at different spatial scales. We explored how carbonate budgets, estimated using the ReefBudget methodology, vary between three inhabited atolls that face differing anthropogenic stressors in the Lakshadweep Archipelago in the Northern Indian Ocean. We surveyed ten reefs, at two depths each, across the three islands. Overall, net carbonate budgets of reefs across all atolls were below optimal production rates needed to continue protecting shorelines (5 G measured on healthy reefs). This was a result of repeated mass bleaching events as well as local impacts. Carbonate production was influenced by a recent mass bleaching event in 2016 and a cyclone in 2018, and varied between depths and exposures, potentially due to differential recovery and mortality dynamics. Erosional processes were locally mediated with both urchin and parrotfish density showing large differences between islands, possibly linked to nutrient outflow and fishing intensity. We also find that by the year 2100, a large proportion of shallow sites will experience an increase in water depth above half a metre under moderate and high emissions scenarios, but none will breach this threshold under a low emissions scenario. Our results show that patterns of carbonate production were largely mediated by the history of global/regional disturbances, while erosional rates were much more dependent on local factors.