bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of local stress field in the north-central Kinki district by dense seismic observation of stress rotation near the active faults
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Iio Yoshihisa , Katao Hiroshi , Sawada Masayo , Tomisaka Kazuhide 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Several active faults are distributed in the north-central Kinki district, making it one of the areas with their highest concentrations in Japan. The orientation of the maximum principal stress (σ1) in southwest Japan is generally in the east-west direction. In the north-central Kinki district, σ1 is also considered to be oriented uniformly in the east-west direction. However, the Arima-Takatsuki fault zone in this district is a vertical strike-slip fault with a strike that is close to east-west, and the angle that the surface trace of the fault makes with the north is 80°. The Mitoke fault zone is also a vertical strike-slip fault with an angle of 110°. The stress field is less likely to cause a strike-slip motion in these fault zones. Thus, in this study, we comprehensively examined whether the orientation of σ1 is uniform. We then investigated the relationship between the orientation of σ1 and the strike of fault. The mechanism solutions were obtained using a large amount of seismic data between November 17, 2008 and March 29, 2018. The stress fields were estimated by stress tensor inversion. At a depth of 10 km near the Arima-Takatsuki fault zone, the average optimum solution for the azimuth of σ1 was 104°, rotating clockwise from the east. The angle between this azimuth and the direction of the surface trace of the fault was 24°. In the Mitoke fault zone, the azimuth of σ1 was 81° and the angle was 29°. These results indicated that the stress field is not uniform and that σ1 rotates in an orientation that easily causes strike-slip motion for strike-slip faults. To elucidate the cause of the σ1 rotation, we assumed that the ductile fault extends into the lower crust as the deeper extension of the brittle fault zone and showed that the stress field in the upper crust rotating near these two fault zones can be explained by aseismic slip on the ductile faults. The findings indicated that the activity of the upper crust is closely related to that of the lower crust and more detailed analysis of the lower crust is essential.
Gains and Losses: A Phenomenographic Study on Adolescents’ Understanding of Isolation due to COVID-19
Authors: Rosali Leann Jester , Erojo Kreen , Dicto Princess Joy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The global health emergency posed by the COVID-19 outbreak has affected millions of people. In the Philippines, among the establishments closed are schools which resulted in children and adolescents staying at home for years under quarantine. Many studies were conducted focusing on the impact of isolation on people's physical and emotional well-being, most notably the children and adolescents who are considered vulnerable individuals. However, limited studies investigated how these young people understand their experiences while in quarantine. Hence, this phenomenographic study aims to provide insights into Filipino adolescents' realities by exploring the many different ways they view isolation. Seventeen adolescents in quarantine were interviewed, and qualitative analysis revealed an outcome space where isolation is seen in the light of gains and losses as described in three emerging ways of understanding. The descriptions reveal understandings that isolation is (1) a restraint, (2) a necessity, and (3) an opportunity that has an impact on the physical, emotional, and social dimensions of adolescents' lives. Implications and recommendations presented may serve as a basis for designing programs and interventions to help adolescents deal with possible negative feelings while in isolation and post-quarantine.
Neck circumference as marker of overweight and obesity among secondary adolescents aged 12-19 years in southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Katamba Godfrey , Agaba David , Namaganda Agnes , Musasizi Abdul , Kinene Mivule , Migisha Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity have become more common among adolescents. Various indicators have been used to assess this burden across populations. Recent findings elsewhere have found neck circumference to be useful in defining overweight and obesity. However, the use of neck circumference as marker of overweight and obesity needs to be further explored among adolescents in Uganda.
Objective: To assess the usefulness of neck circumference as a marker of overweight and obesity.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among secondary adolescents aged 12-19 years from May to August in 2018, Height was measured using a wall mount height board and weight using a standard weighing scale. Neck circumference was measured using an inelastic measuring tape. We defined overweight as BMI =25.0-29.9kg/m2 while obesity as BMI ≥30.0kg/m2 among the study participants. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between neck circumference, height, weight and body mass index. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the suitable cutoff of neck circumference for overweight and obesity.
Results: We enrolled 616 adolescents aged 12-19 years, with mean age of 15.6±2.0 years. Most (65.6%) were female. The overall prevalence of overweight was 30.5% while that of obesity was 3.4%. Neck circumference was significantly correlated with height (r = 0.561, p<0.001), weight (r = 0.547, p<0.001) and body mass index (r = 0.193, p<0.001). The best cutoff of neck circumference to identify participants with obesity were ≥ 31.0 cm with AUC of 0.83 and ≥ 32.0cm with an AUC of 0.59 among the females and males respectively.
Conclusion: Neck circumference was useful in defining and hence classifying for overweight or obesity among the female adolescents in our study population. It could useful for screening for overweight and obesity among the female adolescents.
Induction of tissue-specific premature stem cell aging via Lef1 deficiency promotes senescence-like deterioration in remote organs
Authors: Ikuno Yasuaki , Watanabe Koichiro , Kakeya Yumi , Ikeno Shinsuke , Nakabo Toshimasa , Narumoto Ayano , Kande Yukie , Hayashi Tomoki , Minami Kahori , Nobuhiro Kasumi , Mabuchi Yo , Nakamura Shiho , Okano Hideyuki , Ihara Dai , Naka-Kaneda Hayato 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of aging specific to each stem cell (SC) are being elucidated. However, the common molecular basis for senescence in various SCs remains largely unexplored. Here, we have shown that the dysregulation of DNA damage response (DDR) modulated by lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (Lef1) and DDR-microRNAs (DDR-miRs) is the common molecular basis for aging in SCs. We identified Lef1as the most repressed transcription factor with aging in common between mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Like the expression profiles of aged MSCs, Lef1 knockdown reduced broad microRNAs and loss of induction of DDR-miRs in young MSCs. DDR capacity was also diminished in aged SCs in vivo. Moreover, Lef1 deficiency in intestinal stem cells induced precocious dysregulation of DDR and inflammation and senescence in the remote brain. This study demonstrates that the Lef1/DDR-miR axis is the common molecular basis underlying SC aging.
Human NCR3 gene variants rs2736191 and rs11575837 influence susceptibility to the longitudinal development of pediatric severe malarial anemia
Authors: Onyango Clinton O. , Cheng Qiuying , Munde Elly O. , Raballah Evans , Anyona Samuel B. , McMahon Benjamin H. , Lambert Christophe G. , Onyango Patrick O. , Schneider Kristan A. , Perkins Douglas J. , Ouma Collins 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in holoendemic transmission areas. Severe malarial anemia [SMA, hemoglobin (Hb) < 5.0g/dL] is the most common clinical manifestation of severe malaria in such regions. Although innate immune response genes are known to influence the development of SMA, the role of natural killer (NK) cells in malaria pathogenesis remains largely undefined. As such, we examined the impact of genetic variation in the gene encoding a primary NK cell receptor, natural cytotoxicity-triggering receptor 3 (NCR3), on the occurrence of malaria and SMA episodes over time.
Methods
Susceptibility to malaria, SMA, and all-cause mortality was determined in carriers of NCR3 genetic variants (i.e., rs2736191:C > G and rs11575837:C > T) and their haplotypes. The prospective observational study was conducted over a 36 mos. follow-up period in a cohort of children (n = 1,515, aged 1.9–40 mos.) residing in a holoendemic P. falciparum transmission region, Siaya, Kenya.
Results
Poisson regression modeling, controlling for anemia-promoting covariates, revealed an increased risk of malaria in carriers of the homozygous mutant allele genotype (TT) for rs11575837 [Incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.540, 95% CI = 1.114–2.129, P = 0.009]. Increased risk of SMA was observed for rs2736191 in children who inherited the CG genotype (IRR = 1.269, 95% CI = 1.009–1.597, P = 0.041) and in the additive model (presence of 1 or 2 copies) (IRR = 1.198, 95% CI = 1.030–1.393, P = 0.019), but was not significant after multiple test correction. Modeling of the haplotypes revealed that the CC haplotype had an additive effect for protection against SMA (IRR = 0.823, 95% CI = 0.711–0.952, P = 0.009). Although increased susceptibility to SMA was present in carriers of the GC haplotype (IRR = 1.276, 95% CI = 1.030–1.581, P = 0.026) with an additive effect (IRR = 1.182, 95% CI = 1.018–1.372, P = 0.029), the results did not remain significant after multiple test correction. None of the NCR3 genotypes or haplotypes were associated with all-cause mortality.
Conclusions
Variation in NCR3 alters susceptibility to malaria and SMA during the acquisition of naturally-acquired malarial immunity. These results highlight the importance of NK cells in the innate immune response to malaria.
Analyzing Drought Trends over Sindh Province, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Mansoor , Dars Ghulam Hussain Hussain , Ahmed Suhail , Krakauer Nir Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Located in the lowest part of the Indus Basin, Pakistan's Sindh Province has been severely affected by extreme events due to climate change. This study analyzes the drought characteristics in Sindh Province from 1902 to 2015 using 3-month and 12-month timescales of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The Spatial "K" luster Analysis using Tree Edge Removal (SKATER) method was used to divide the study area into four zones with similar climatic characteristics. Then, the run theory was applied to characterize droughts (drought duration, severity, intensity, and peak) in each zone. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test was also applied to analyze statistically significant trends by zone and drought characteristic. It was found that all four zones experienced a decrease in SPEI throughout the analyzed period. The effects of climate change are more evident when we analyzed drought characteristics in two time slices, i.e., pre and post-1960. The results showed that in the post-1960 time slice, droughts increased in duration, severity, intensity, and peaks over the entire study area under both 3 and 12-month SPEI. The findings of this study can assist policymakers and water managers in devising policies for managing limited water resources under changing patterns of droughts in Sindh Province.
Automatic Diagnosis of Multiple Lung Diseases in Chest Radiographs Based on Ensemble CNN Models
Authors: Jalehi Muhannad Kassem , Albaker Baraa M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Lung diseases are one of the most common causes of death worldwide. These diseases can be diagnosed accurately and early with the help of Chest X-ray Radiographic (CXR) imaging. CXR images carry a significant amount of anatomical and physiological information. Still, the potential for error is high even for an experienced radiologist to identify the information about a particular disease because of the similarity with other lung conditions.
Methods
To address this issue, this paper proposes an effective method for supporting medical diagnosis and facilitating the decision-making process to detect multiple lung diseases from chest X-ray images using an ensemble approach. In this context, the stacking method aggregates that three Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models that are MobileNetV3, EfficientNetV2B0, and ResNet50V2, chosen for the training using a new combined dataset. The new combined dataset involves three publicly available datasets, including PA chest radiography images, NIH, and TBX11K. The proposed models are trained and tested to classify four and five lung disease cases: pneumonia, COVID-19, pneumothorax, atelectasis, and normal.
Results
The outstanding performance was obtained on the testing set of four classes represented by a sensitivity of 97.25%, specificity of 99.15%, and accuracy of 98.77%, and for five classes, the sensitivity of 91.74%, specificity of 97.88%, and accuracy of 96.68%.
Conclusion
Using the proposed stacking method that combines the strengths of multiple models and pre-trained weights, the results of the stack-2 model show good classification accuracy in classifying multi-category lung diseases and can be used as a reliable automated diagnostic tool to assist radiologists in the accuracy and speed of their decision-making.
Item Analysis of Quality of Life Scale (QLICP-NA, V2.0) for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Classical Test theory and Item Response Theory
Authors: Zhang Yani , Luo Tianxin , Chen Tianliang , Fang Yangchen , Wan Chonghua , Wu Jiayuan , Hu Liren , Liang Zhangye , Du Jinlin , Yang Zheng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
[Objective] To analyze the QLICP-NA (V2.0) items using classical test theory and item response theory.
[Methods]One hundred twenty-one nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were investigated using QLICP-NA (V2.0). SPSS15.0 software was used to manage the data and Multilog 7.03 software was used for parameter analysis. IRT was used to calculate the discrimination, difficulty, and item information for each item in the scale.
[Results] The scale covered five domains: physical (PHD); psychological (PSD); social (SOD); general symptoms and side effects (SSD); and special module (SNA). PHD contains eight items (coded GPH1-8), PSD comprises nine items (coded GPS1-9), SOD covers eight items (coded GSO1-8), SSD includes seven items (coded GSS1-7), and SNA covers eleven items (coded SNA1-11). The correlation coefficient between SNA1 and SNA8 was < 0.4, and the correlation was poor. GPS4, GOS4, SNA1, and SNA3 had low correlation with the field. The five items were deleted. SNA4 and SNA8 discrimination was poor, thus deletion was recommended. SNA2 and SNA10 discrimination was not good, thus SNA2 and SNA10 were modified and retained. The results of item information showed that the information content of the specific module, SNA1-11, was poor, but because deleting too many items had a great impact on the total table and deleting two items (SNA6 and SNA10) with < 0.2 information, 34 items were finally reserved.
[Conclusion] The analysis of scale items can be evaluated from different angles and applied comprehensively.
Global Profiling of Antibiotic Resistomes in Maize Rhizospheres
Authors: Pham Dung Ngoc , Wu Qiong , Li Mengyan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The spreading of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in crops and food products represents a global concern. In this study, we conducted a survey of resistomes in maize rhizosphere from Michigan, California, the Netherland, and South Africa, and investigated potential associations with host bacteria and soil management practices in the crop field. For comparison, relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is normalized to the size of individual metagenomes. Michigan maize rhizosphere metagenomes showed the highest abundance and diversity of ARGs, with the detection of blaTEM-116, blaACT-4/-6, and FosA2, exhibiting high similarity (≥ 99.0%) to those in animal and human pathogens. This was probably related to the decade-long application of manure/composted manure from antibiotic-treated animals. Moreover, RbpA, vanRO, mtrA, and dfrB were prevalently found across most studied regions, implying their intrinsic origins. Further analysis revealed that RbpA, vanRO, and mtrA are mainly harbored by native Actinobacteria with low mobility, while a group of dfrB genes are adjacent to the recombination binding sites (attC), which together constitute mobile gene cassettes, promoting the transmission from soil bacteria to human pathogens. These results suggest that maize rhizosphere resistomes can be distinctive and affected by many factors, particularly those relevant to agricultural practices.
Intra-articular injection of gold micro-particles for painful knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Rasmussen Sten , Petersen Kristian Kjaer , Aboo Christopher , Andersen Jakob Skallerup , Skjoldemose Emilie , Jørgensen Nia Kristine , Stensballe Allan , Arendt-Nielsen Lars 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background:

Gold microparticles injected intra-articular in knee osteoarthritic joints (OA) may provide pain relief. The present open, exploratory study sought to identify the efficacy and factors associated with the outcomes.

Methods:

This study included thirty patients with knee OA who received intraarticular injections with 20 mg gold microparticles (72.000 particles, 20–40 µm in diameter) using the patient’s synovial fluid as the carrier, and 136 patients with knee OA who received 20 mg gold microparticles using hyaluronic acid as the carrier. In the analysis, we included the Global Rating of Change Scale, PainDetectQuestionnaire (PDQ), the use of a carrier, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Kellgren Lawrence score at the inclusion, Western Ontario, and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) sub-scores for pain, stiffness, and function at inclusion and two years.

Results:

On the Global Rating Change Scale, 72.9% of patients reported a positive effect, 23.5% no effect, and 2.4% worse. PDQ and the three WOMAC subscores all improved at two years of follow-up. The use of carrier did not influence the effect at two years of follow-ups corrected for the other selected co-variables (P = 0.36). PainDetect ≥ 13 (P = 0.0027), BMI (P = 0.008) and Kellgren-Lawrence grade 4 (P = 0.049) at inclusion reduced the effect with a minor odds ratio compared to the baseline effect of treatment (P = 0.03). WOMAC subscores at inclusion did not influence the effect (P > 0.5).

Conclusions:

A single intra-articular injection of gold microparticles was associated with pain reduction and improved function in patients with knee OA. Neuropathic pain, obesity, and severe osteoarthritis, to a minor degree, reduced the effect of intra-articular gold microparticles for knee OA.
Trial registration
The study followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethics committee of the North Denmark Region by 27/07/2016 (N-20160045). The regional data protection agency approved the project by 06/07/2016 (2008-58-0028, ID 2016-116) and registered in ClinicalTrial.Gov by 04/01/2018 (NCT03389906).
Essential Information for Neurorecovery Clinical Trial Design: Trajectory of Global Disability in First 90 Days Poststroke in Patients Discharged to Acute Rehabilitation Facilities
Authors: Taleb Shayandokht , Lee Jenny Ji-hyun , Duncan Pamela , Cramer Steven C , Bahr-Hosseini Mersedeh , Su Michael , Starkman Sidney , Avila Gilda , Hochberg Arielle , Hamilton Scott , Conwit Robin A. , Saver Jeffrey L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Many stroke recovery interventions are most beneficial when started 2-14d post-stroke, a time when patients become eligible for inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF) and neuroplasticity is often at its peak. Clinical trials focused on recovery need to expand the time from this plasticity to later outcome timepoints.
Methods: The disability course of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) enrolled in Field Administration of Stroke Therapy Magnesium (FAST-MAG) Trial with moderate-severe disability (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 3-5) on post-stroke day4 who were discharged to IRF 2-14d post-stroke were analyzed.
Results: Among 1422 patients, 446 (31.4%) were discharged to IRFs, including 23.6% within 2-14d and 7.8% beyond 14d. Patients with mRS 3-5 on day4 discharged to IRFs between 2-14d accounted for 21.7% (226/1041) of AIS patients and 28.9% (110/381) of ICH patients, (p<0.001). Among these AIS patients, age was 69.8 (±12.7), initial NIHSS median 8 (IQR 4-12), and day4 mRS=3 in 16.4%, mRS=4 in 50.0%, and mRS=5 in 33.6%. Among these ICH patients, age was 62.4 (±11.7), initial NIHSS median 9 (IQR 5-13), day 4 mRS=3 in 9.4%, mRS=4 in 45.3%, and mRS=5 in 45.3% (p<0.01 for AIS vs ICH). Between day4 to day90, mRS improved ≥ 1 levels in 72.6% of AIS patients vs 77.3% of ICH patients, p=0.3. For AIS, mRS improved from mean 4.17 (±0.7) to 2.84 (±1.5); for ICH, mRS improved from mean 4.35 (±0.7) to 2.75 (±1.3). Patients discharged to IRF beyond day14 had less improvement on day90 mRS compared with patients discharged between 2-14d.
Conclusions: In this acute stroke cohort, nearly 1 in 4 patients with moderate-severe disability on post-stroke day4 were transferred to IRF within 2-14d post-stroke. ICH patients had nominally greater mean improvement on mRS day90 than AIS patients. This course delineation provides a roadmap for future rehabilitation intervention studies.
WITHDRAWN: Green Bonds Investments Firms and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from Morocco Stock Market
Authors: Jihane MOKHCHY , Guangyu Chen , AYEH EMELIA ASIEDU , Ahmad Saleem 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The green bond market in Morocco has advanced dramatically in recent years and is among the best in the world. The companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange that have issued green bonds serve as the research object in the paper, as the effects of green bond issuance are investigated. Non-linearities in dynamic behaviours are validated by applying the four models in the study's Markov-switching (MS) econometric methodology. The implications of green bond issue on financial performance and corporate social responsibility, as well as the effects on stock price (CSR). Both in high- and low-volatility scenarios, the green bond market is seen to have a favourable impact on the overall calculation. In both high and low volatility scenarios, green bonds have a positive impact on the carbon market. Priorities for the corporation include CSR disclosure activities and ensuring that governments maintain a strong economic foundation for a long-term sustainable market. The claim that green bonds are a crucial element in determining the course of events in the carbon market gains support due to the long-term stability of the low volatility regime. Through an effect akin to insurance, the CSR dramatically lowers the risk premium of corporate bonds. Investors and fund managers can better deploy strategies across a range of market volatility and economic activity with the support of a diversified portfolio built around a climate framework.