bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A surge in serum mucosal cytokines associated with seroconversion in children at risk for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Harrison Leonard C , Bandala‐Sanchez Esther , Oakey Helena , Colman Peter G , Watson Kelly , Kim Ki Wook , Wu Roy , Hamilton‐Williams Emma E , Stone Natalie L , Haynes Aveni , Thomson Rebecca L , Vuillermin Peter J , Soldatos Georgia , Rawlinson William D , McGorm Kelly J , Morahan Grant , Barry Simon C , Sinnott Richard O , Wentworth John M , Couper Jennifer J , Penno Megan AS ,   the ENDIA Study Group
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionAutoantibodies to pancreatic islet antigens identify young children at high risk of type 1 diabetes. On a background of genetic susceptibility, islet autoimmunity is thought to be driven by environmental factors, of which enteric viruses are prime candidates. We sought evidence for enteric pathology in children genetically at‐risk for type 1 diabetes followed from birth who had developed islet autoantibodies (“seroconverted”), by measuring mucosa‐associated cytokines in their sera.Materials and MethodsSera were collected 3 monthly from birth from children with a first‐degree type 1 diabetes relative, in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study. Children who seroconverted were matched for sex, age, and sample availability with seronegative children. Luminex xMap technology was used to measure serum cytokines.ResultsOf eight children who seroconverted, for whom serum samples were available at least 6 months before and after seroconversion, the serum concentrations of mucosa‐associated cytokines IL‐21, IL‐22, IL‐25, and IL‐10, the Th17‐related cytokines IL‐17F and IL‐23, as well as IL‐33, IFN‐γ, and IL‐4, peaked from a low baseline in seven around the time of seroconversion and in one preceding seroconversion. These changes were not detected in eight sex‐ and age‐matched seronegative controls, or in a separate cohort of 11 unmatched seronegative children.ConclusionsIn a cohort of children at risk for type 1 diabetes followed from birth, a transient, systemic increase in mucosa‐associated cytokines around the time of seroconversion lends support to the view that mucosal infection, e.g., by an enteric virus, may drive the development of islet autoimmunity.
Functional principles of genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors for metabolism and their quantitative use
Authors: Koveal Dorothy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenetically encoded fluorescent biosensors provide an attractive means of measuring chemical changes in single cells on fast timescales (milliseconds to seconds). While their most prominent application has been in tracking neural activity and neurotransmitter release, there has been growing interest in developing and deploying new versions of these tools to study brain metabolism. However, the careful use of these tools and the interpretation of the data they provide remain challenging. Many biosensors are subject to interferences that can alter sensor responses within a single cell or between cells, producing ambiguous results. This presents a challenge for quantitation and for our ability to accurately interpret sensor responses. This review describes current methods of sensor quantitation, with a focus on cellular interferences that commonly affect sensor performance, ways to avoid false inferences, and recent advances in sensor optimization to make them more robust.image
Extracorporeal liver support and liver transplantation for acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Ballester Maria Pilar , Elshabrawi Ahmed , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is defined by acute decompensation, organ failure and a high risk of short‐term mortality. This condition is characterized by an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response. Despite treating the precipitating event, intensive monitoring and organ support, clinical deterioration can occur with very poor outcomes. During the last decades, several extracorporeal liver support systems have been developed to try to reduce ongoing liver injury and provide an improved environment for the liver to regenerate or as a bridging therapy until liver transplantation. Several clinical trials have been performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal liver support systems, but no clear impact on survival has been proven. DIALIVE is a novel extracorporeal liver support device that has been built to specifically address the pathophysiological derangements responsible for the development of ACLF by replacing dysfunctional albumin and removing pathogen and damage‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs). In phase II clinical trial, DIALIVE appears to be safe, and it seems to be associated with a faster time to the resolution of ACLF compared with standard medical treatment. Even in patients with severe ACLF, liver transplantation saves lives and there is clear evidence of transplant benefit. Careful selection of patients is required to attain good results from liver transplantation, but many questions remain unanswered. In this review, we describe the current perspectives on the use of extracorporeal liver support and liver transplantation for ACLF patients.
Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy guided mapping of frontal cortex, a novel modality for assessing emergence delirium in children: A prospective observational study
Authors: Shanmugam Nirmal , Verma Rohit , Sarkar Soumya , Khanna Puneet , Sinha Renu , Kashyap Lokesh , Shende Dilip R. , Ray Bikash Ranjan , Anand Rahul Kumar , Maitra Souvik , Singh Akhil Kant , Lomi Niewete 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite an 18%–30% prevalence, there is no consensus regarding pathogenesis of emergence delirium after anesthesia in children. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical neuroimaging modality that relies on blood oxygen level‐dependent response, translating to a mean increase in oxyhemoglobin and a decrease in deoxyhemoglobin. We aimed to correlate the emergence delirium in the postoperative period with the changes in the frontal cortex utilizing fNIRS reading primarily and also with blood glucose, serum electrolytes, and preoperative anxiety scores.MethodsA total of 145 ASA I and II children aged 2–5 years, undergoing ocular examination under anesthesia, were recruited by recording the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Score after acquiring the Institute Ethics Committee approval and written informed parental consent. Induction and maintenance were done with O2, N2O, and Sevoflurane. The emergence delirium was assessed using the PAED score in the postoperative period. The frontal cortex fNIRS recordings were taken throughout anesthesia.ResultsA total of 59 children (40.7%) had emergence delirium. The ED+ group had a significant activation left superior frontal cortex (t = 2.26E+00; p = .02) and right middle frontal cortex (t = 2.27E+00; p = .02) during induction, significant depression in the left middle frontal (t = −2.22E+00; p = .02), left superior frontal and bilateral medial (t = −3.01E+00; p = .003), right superior frontal and bilateral medial (t = −2.44E+00; p = .015), bilateral medial and superior (t = −3.03E+00; p = .003), and right middle frontal cortex (t = −2.90E+00; p = .004) during the combined phase of maintenance, and significant activation in cortical activity in the left superior frontal cortex (t = 2.01E+00; p = .0047) during the emergence in comparison with the ED‐ group.ConclusionThere is significant difference in the change in oxyhemoglobin concentration during induction, maintenance, and emergence in specific frontal brain regions between children with and without emergence delirium.
Combined aerobic and resistance exercise in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yixiu , Luo Xiju , Deng Siyan , Chen Jing , Zhang Lu , Huang Ying , Hu Huagang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExercise brings many benefits to patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), but the effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise remains unclear. English and Chinese databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang, and CBM) were searched from inception to January 2023 to retrieve qualified randomized controlled trials. The literature selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment of included studies were conducted independently by two reviewers. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 23 studies with 1214 participants were included, and 17 of the interventions were conducted during dialysis. Results showed that combined aerobic and resistance exercise (CARE) improved the peak oxygen uptake, six‐minute walking test, 60 s sit‐to‐stand test (STS), 30 s STS, dialysis adequacy, five (out of eight) domains and physical component summary of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36, blood pressure, and hemoglobin for MHD patients compared with usual care. No significant changes were found in the mental component summary of HRQOL, C‐reactive protein, creatinine, potassium, sodium, calcium, and phosphate. Subgroup analysis showed that intradialytic CARE ameliorated more outcomes, except for handgrip strength and hemoglobin, than non‐intradialytic ones. CARE is an effective way to improve physical function, aerobic capacity, dialysis adequacy, and HRQOL for MHD patients. Strategies should be implemented by clinicians and policymakers to motivate patients to do more exercise. Well‐designed clinical trials are warranted to explore the effectiveness of non‐intradialytic CARE.
From policy to politics? Exploring feedback effects of social protection on state‐citizen relations in Ghana
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses two interrelated questions: Do social protection policies generate feedback effects on state‐citizen relations? If so, how do such policies change the perception and interaction of both citizens and the state? The paper is based on an in‐depth mixed methods study on Ghana's Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty cash transfer programme (LEAP) conducted in two implementation districts. I find emergent positive resource and interpretive/policy learning effects on state‐citizen perceptions and interactions. This is evidenced in increased state presence in service provision and changing citizen recognition of the state as a legitimate provider of their welfare, with these impacts being higher among beneficiaries with previously limited access to or negative perception about the state. Notwithstanding, these effects may be limited, unsustainable or undermined partly due to the way in which LEAP is promoted and delivered as a clientelist resource. The paper highlights the ideational and relational impact of social protection by arguing that when implemented well, social policies can generate political feedback effects beyond their poverty reduction and human development impacts by fostering policy learning opportunities for reconfiguring the perceptions of and interactions between the state and citizens.
Nitrogen fertilization and liming increased CO2 and N2O emissions from tropical ferralsols, but not from a vertisol
Authors: Ntinyari Winnie , Reichel Rüdiger , Gweyi‐Onyango Joseph P. , Giweta Mekonnen , Wissel Holger , Masso Cargele , Bol Roland , Brüggemann Nicolas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and liming (CaCO3) to improve soil quality and crop productivity are regarded as effective and important agricultural practices. However, they may increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is limited information on the GHG emissions of tropical soils, specifically when liming is combined with N fertilization. We therefore conducted a full factorial laboratory incubation experiment to investigate how N fertilizer (0 kg N ha−1, 12.5 kg N ha−1 and 50 kg N ha−1) and liming (target pH = 6.5) affect GHG emissions and soil N availability. We focussed on three common acidic soils (two ferralsols and one vertisol) from Lake Victoria (Kenya). After 8 weeks, the most significant increase in cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes compared with the unfertilized control was found for the two ferralsols in the N + lime treatment, with five to six times higher CO2 fluxes than the control. The δ13C signature of soil‐emitted CO2 revealed that for the ferralsols, liming (i.e. the addition of CaCO3) was the dominant source of CO2, followed by urea (N fertilization), whereas no significant effect of liming or of N fertilization on CO2 flux was found for the vertisol. In addition, the N2O fluxes were most significantly increased by the high N + lime treatment in the two ferralsols, with four times and 13 times greater N2O flux than that of the control. No treatment effects on N2O fluxes were observed for the vertisol. Liming in combination with N fertilization significantly increased the final nitrate content by 14.5%–39% compared with N fertilization alone in all treatment combinations and soils. We conclude that consideration should be given to the GHG budgets of agricultural ferralsols since liming is associated with high liming‐induced CO2 and N2O emissions. Therefore, nature‐based and sustainable sources should be explored as an alternative to liming in order to manage the pH and the associated fertility of acidic tropical soils.
Pyocyanin-dependent electrochemical inhibition of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilms is synergistic with antibiotic treatment
Authors: Jiménez Otero Fernanda , Newman Dianne K. , Tender Leonard M. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilms are common in chronic wound infections and recalcitrant to treatment. Survival of cells within oxygen-limited regions in these biofilms is enabled by extracellular electron transfer (EET), whereby small redox active molecules act as electron shuttles to access distal oxidants. Here, we report that electrochemically controlling the redox state of these electron shuttles, specifically pyocyanin (PYO), can impact cell survival within anaerobic
P. aeruginosa
biofilms and can act synergistically with antibiotic treatment. Prior results demonstrated that under anoxic conditions, an electrode poised at sufficiently oxidizing potential (+100 mV vs Ag/AgCl) promotes EET within
P. aeruginosa
biofilms by re-oxidizing PYO for reuse by the cells. Here, when a reducing potential (−400 mV vs Ag/AgCl) was used to disrupt PYO redox cycling by maintaining PYO in the reduced state, we observed a 100-fold decrease in colony forming units within these biofilms compared with those exposed to electrodes poised at +100 mV vs Ag/AgCl. Phenazine-deficient Δ
phz
* biofilms were unaffected by the potential applied to the electrode but were re-sensitized by adding PYO. The effect at −400 mV was exacerbated when biofilms were treated with sub-MICs of a range of antibiotics. Most notably, addition of the aminoglycoside gentamicin in a reductive environment almost completely eradicated wild-type biofilms but had no effect on the survival of Δ
phz
* biofilms in the absence of phenazines. These data suggest that antibiotic treatment combined with the electrochemical disruption of PYO redox cycling, either through the toxicity of accumulated reduced PYO or the disruption of EET, or both, can lead to extensive killing.

IMPORTANCE

Biofilms provide a protective environment but also present challenges to the cells living within them, such as overcoming nutrient and oxygen diffusion limitations.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
overcomes oxygen limitation by secreting soluble redox active phenazines, which act as electron shuttles to distal oxygen. Here, we show that electrochemically blocking the re-oxidation of one of these electron shuttles, pyocyanin, decreases cell survival within biofilms and acts synergistically with gentamicin to kill cells. Our results highlight the importance of the role that the redox cycling of electron shuttles fulfills within
P. aeruginosa
biofilms.
High-sensitivity profiling of SARS-CoV-2 noncoding region–host protein interactome reveals the potential regulatory role of negative-sense viral RNA
Authors: Jiang Liuyiqi , Xiao Mu , Liao Qing-Qing , Zheng Luqian , Li Chunyan , Liu Yuemei , Yang Bing , Ren Aiming , Jiang Chao , Feng Xin-Hua 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
A deep understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–host interactions is crucial to developing effective therapeutics and addressing the threat of emerging coronaviruses. The role of noncoding regions of viral RNA (ncrRNAs) has yet to be systematically scrutinized. We developed a method using MS2 affinity purification coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and designed a diverse set of bait ncrRNAs to systematically map the interactome of SARS-CoV-2 ncrRNA in Calu-3, Huh7, and HEK293T cells. Integration of the results defined the core ncrRNA–host protein interactomes among cell lines. The 5′ UTR interactome is enriched with proteins in the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins family and is a target for the regulation of viral replication and transcription. The 3′ UTR interactome is enriched with proteins involved in the stress granules and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins family. Intriguingly, compared with the positive-sense ncrRNAs, the negative-sense ncrRNAs, especially the negative-sense of 3′ UTR, interacted with a large array of host proteins across all cell lines. These proteins are involved in the regulation of the viral production process, host cell apoptosis, and immune response. Taken together, our study depicts the comprehensive landscape of the SARS-CoV-2 ncrRNA–host protein interactome and unveils the potential regulatory role of the negative-sense ncrRNAs, providing a new perspective on virus–host interactions and the design of future therapeutics. Given the highly conserved nature of UTRs in positive-strand viruses, the regulatory role of negative-sense ncrRNAs should not be exclusive to SARS-CoV-2.

IMPORTANCE
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a pandemic affecting millions of lives. During replication and transcription, noncoding regions of the viral RNA (ncrRNAs) may play an important role in the virus–host interactions. Understanding which and how these ncrRNAs interact with host proteins is crucial for understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. We developed the MS2 affinity purification coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method and designed a diverse set of ncrRNAs to identify the SARS-CoV-2 ncrRNA interactome comprehensively in different cell lines and found that the 5′ UTR binds to proteins involved in U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, while the 3′ UTR interacts with proteins involved in stress granules and the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family. Interestingly, negative-sense ncrRNAs showed interactions with a large number of diverse host proteins, indicating a crucial role in infection. The results demonstrate that ncrRNAs could serve diverse regulatory functions.
In their own words: recovery after emergency general surgery in the older patient
Authors: Ho Vanessa P , Roach Mary Joan , Berg Kristen A , Deverakonda Divya L , Kanuika Peter , Arko Brianna , Perzynski Adam T 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesEmergency general surgery (EGS) conditions, such as perforated intestines or complicated hernias, can lead to significant postoperative morbidity and mortality. We sought to understand the recovery experience of older patients at least 1 year after EGS to identify key factors for a successful long-term recovery.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews to explore recovery experiences of patients and their caregivers after admission for an EGS procedure. We screened patients who were aged 65 years or older at the time of an EGS operation, admitted at least 7 days, and still alive and able to consent at least 1 year postoperatively. We interviewed the patients, their primary caregiver, or both. Interview guides were developed to explore medical decision making, patient goals and expectations surrounding recovery after EGS, and to identify barriers and facilitators of recovery. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and we used an inductive thematic approach to analysis.ResultsWe performed 15 interviews (11 patients and 4 caregivers). Patients wanted to return to their prior quality of life, or ‘get back to normal.’ Family was key in providing both instrumental support (eg, for daily tasks such as cooking, driving, wound care) and emotional support. Provision of temporary support was key to the recovery of many patients. Although most patients returned to their prior lifestyle, some also experienced depression, persistent abdominal effects, pain, or decreased stamina. When asked about medical decision making, patients expressed viewing the decision for having an operation not as a choice but, rather, the only rational option to treat a severe symptom or life-threating illness.ConclusionsThere is an opportunity in healthcare to provide better education for older patients and their caregivers around instrumental and emotional support to bolster successful recovery after emergency surgery.Level of evidenceQualitative study, level II.
Electron scattering on molecular nitrogen: common gas, uncommon cross sections
Authors: Song Mi-Young , Cho Hyuck , Karwasz Grzegorz P. , Kokoouline Viatcheslav , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe discuss peculiar features of electron scattering on the N2 molecule and the N2+ ion, that are important for modeling plasmas, Earth’s and other planets’ atmospheres. These features are, among others: the resonant enhancement of the vibrational excitation in the region of the shape resonance around 2.4 eV, the resonant character of some of electronic excitation channels (and high values of these cross sections, both for triplet and singlet states), high cross section for the dissociation into neutrals, high cross sections for elastic scattering (and electronic transitions) on metastable states. For the N2+ ion we discuss both dissociation and the dissociative ionization, leading to the formation of atoms in excited states, and dissociative recombination which depends strongly on the initial vibrational state of the ion. We conclude that the theory became an indispensable completion of experiments, predicting many of partial cross sections and their physical features. We hope that the data presented will serve to improve models of nitrogen plasmas and atmospheres.
Graphical abstract
The Laboratory Astrophysics Programme at Imperial College London
Authors: Concepcion Florence , Clear Christian P. , Ding Milan , Pickering Juliet C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Advancements in ground- and space-based telescopes have resulted in an acute need for and improvement in the breadth and accuracy of the atomic data vital for the analysis of astronomical spectra. Many data, even for astrophysically important elements such as the iron group, have analyses dating back over 50 years, which are no longer suitable for the interpretation of modern, high-resolution astrophysical spectra. The Imperial College Spectroscopy group is addressing this need by measuring new atomic data and improving the accuracy of existing data using Fourier transform spectroscopy from the infrared to the vacuum ultraviolet. Analysis of these high-resolution spectra has led to new and improved atomic data for a wide range of astrophysically important elements. Reductions in uncertainties of transition wavelengths and energy levels are routinely over an order of magnitude and transition probabilities are measured to a few percent of uncertainty. Our work has increased both the quantity and quality of available atomic data. In this paper, we provide an update of our recent investigations and research plans. We also detail the improvements being made to our world-class laboratory to ensure we are able to meet the future data needs of the astrophysical community.

Graphical abstract