bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicentre randomised controlled trial of the McGrath™ Mac videolaryngoscope versus conventional laryngoscopy
Authors: Kriege M. , Noppens R. R. , Turkstra T. , Payne S. , Kunitz O. , Tzanova I. , Schmidtmann I. ,   the EMMA Trial Investigators Group
Published: March 2023

SummaryBefore completion of this study, there was insufficient evidence demonstrating the superiority of videolaryngoscopy compared with direct laryngoscopy for elective tracheal intubation. We hypothesised that using videolaryngoscopy for routine tracheal intubation would result in higher first‐pass tracheal intubation success compared with direct laryngoscopy. In this multicentre randomised trial, 2092 adult patients without predicted difficult airway requiring tracheal intubation for elective surgery were allocated randomly to either videolaryngoscopy with a Macintosh blade (McGrath™) or direct laryngoscopy. First‐pass tracheal intubation success was higher with the McGrath (987/1053, 94%), compared with direct laryngoscopy (848/1039, 82%); absolute risk reduction (95%CI) was 12.1% (10.9–13.6%). This resulted in a relative risk (95%CI) of unsuccessful tracheal intubation at first attempt of 0.34 (0.26–0.45; p < 0.001) for McGrath compared with direct laryngoscopy. Cormack and Lehane grade ≥ 3 was observed more frequently with direct laryngoscopy (84/1039, 8%) compared with McGrath (8/1053, 0.7%; p < 0.001) No significant difference in tracheal intubation‐associated adverse events was observed between groups. This study demonstrates that using McGrath videolaryngoscopy compared with direct laryngoscopy improves first‐pass tracheal intubation success in patients having elective surgery. Practitioners may consider using this device as first choice for tracheal intubation.
Brazil's Amazon Fund: A “Green Fix” between Offset Pressures and Deforestation Crisis
Authors: Horn Claudia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEmissions trading and nature‐based solutions, particularly REDD+, have lent themselves to the critical literature on the “socioecological fix” in neoliberal capital accumulation and state regulation. Prone to reversals, land conflict, and leakage, these mechanisms displace the burden of carbon emissions reductions to global South countries, promote new green commodities, and thus increase rather than curb the chance of capital accumulations by big polluters. Studies of existing REDD+ projects register the privatisation of forest management on the one hand and “aidification” on the other, suggesting impediments to fully commodifying forest carbon ranging from social movement resistance to technical issues. This case study of Brazil's national Amazon Fund points to global South protagonism in constructing and negotiating REDD+, challenging Northern and market hegemonies. Progressive Southern actors use the political space of the fix to defend rural communities' territorial rights and demand resources in line with historic responsibilities and climate justice.
Severe COVID‐19 during pregnancy in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark
Authors: Örtqvist Anne K. , Magnus Maria C. , Aabakke Anna J. M. , Urhoj Stine Kjaer , Vinkel Hansen Anne , Nybo Andersen Anne‐Marie , Krebs Lone , Pettersson Karin , Håberg Siri E. , Stephansson Olof 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionPregnancy is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to explore maternal characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, vaccination status, and virus variants among pregnant women admitted to intensive care units (ICU) with severe COVID‐19.Material and methodsWe identified pregnant women admitted to ICU in Sweden (n = 96), Norway (n = 31), and Denmark (n = 16) because of severe COVID‐19, from national registers and clinical databases between March 2020 and February 2022 (Denmark), August 2022 (Sweden), or December 2022 (Norway). Their background characteristics, pregnancy outcome, and vaccination status were compared with all birthing women and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) test‐positive pregnant women during the same time period. We calculated the number admitted to ICU per 10 000 birthing and per 1000 SARS‐CoV‐2 test‐positive women during the Index, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron periods.ResultsWomen admitted to ICU had a higher mean body mass index, were more often of non‐Scandinavian origin, had on average lower education and income levels, had a higher proportion of chronic and pregnancy‐related conditions, delivered preterm, had neonates with low Apgar scores, and had more infants admitted to neonatal care, compared with all birthing and test‐positive pregnant women. Of those admitted to ICU, only 7% had been vaccinated before admission. Overall, the highest proportion of women admitted to ICU per birthing was during the Delta period (4.1 per 10 000 birthing women). In Norway, the highest proportion admitted to ICU per test‐positive pregnant women was during the Delta period (17.8 per 1000 test‐positive), whereas the highest proportion of admitted per test‐positive in Sweden and Denmark was seen during the Index period (15.4 and 8.9 per 1000 test‐positive, respectively).ConclusionsAdmission to ICU because of COVID‐19 in pregnancy was a rare event in the Scandinavian countries, but women who were unvaccinated, of non‐Scandinavian origin, and with lower socio‐economic status were at higher risk of admission to ICU. In addition, women admitted to ICU for COVID‐19 had higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Does income inequality increase status anxiety? Not directly, the role of perceived upward and downward mobility
Authors: Melita Davide , Rodríguez‐Bailón Rosa , Willis Guillermo B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStatus anxiety theory posits that higher income inequality leads people to attribute more importance to their socioeconomic status and to worry about the position they occupy on the social ladder. We investigated through two experimental studies (N = 1117) the causal effect of economic inequality on status anxiety and whether expected upward and downward mobility mediates this effect. In Study 1, perceived economic inequality indirectly increased status anxiety through lesser expected upward mobility. In Study 2, perceived economic inequality decreased both expected upward and downward mobility, with opposite indirect effects on status anxiety. This suggests that the relationship between inequality and status anxiety is not straightforward, and could implicate the presence of multiple processes working at the same time—whereas lower expected downward mobility could suppress the effect of inequality, lower expected upward mobility could exacerbate it.
The COVID‐19 pandemic has not changed stage at presentation nor treatment patterns of head and neck cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Clements Kelten , Cowell Anna , White Gillian , Flynn William , Conway David I. , Douglas Catriona M. , Paterson Claire 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown measures on HNC, by comparing the stage at presentation and treatment of HNC before and after the most severe COVID‐19 restrictions.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingA regional cancer network serving a patient population of 2.4 million.ParticipantsNewly diagnosed patients with HNC between June and October 2019 (pre‐pandemic) and June and October 2021 (post‐pandemic).Main outcome measuresSymptom duration before diagnosis, stage at diagnosis, patient performance status (PS) and intent of treatment delivered (palliative vs. curative).ResultsFive hundred forty‐five patients were evaluated—250 in the 2019 and 295 in the 2021 cohort. There were no significant differences in symptom duration between the cohorts (p = .359) or patient PS (p = .821). There were no increased odds of presenting with a late (Stage III or IV) AJCC cancer stage in 2021 compared with 2019 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–1.08); nor increased odds of receiving palliative rather than curative treatment in 2021 compared with 2019 (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.45–1.03).ConclusionThe predicted stage shift to more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis of HNC due to the COVID‐19 pandemic has not been realised in the longer term. In keeping with this, there was no difference in symptom duration, patient PS, or treatment patterns between the 2019 and 2021 cohorts.
Recent advances in the role of endogenous hydrogen sulphide in cancer cells
Authors: Chen Hao‐Jie , Li Ke , Qin Yang‐Zhe , Zhou Jing‐Jing , Li Tao , Qian Lei , Yang Chang‐Yong , Ji Xin‐Ying , Wu Dong‐Dong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a gaseous neurotransmitter that can be self‐synthesized by living organisms. With the deepening of research, the pathophysiological mechanisms of endogenous H2S in cancer have been increasingly elucidated: (1) promote angiogenesis, (2) stimulate cell bioenergetics, (3) promote migration and proliferation thereby invasion, (4) inhibit apoptosis and (5) activate abnormal cell cycle. However, the increasing H2S levels via exogenous sources show the opposite trend. This phenomenon can be explained by the bell‐shaped pharmacological model of H2S, that is, the production of endogenous (low concentration) H2S promotes tumour growth while the exogenous (high concentration) H2S inhibits tumour growth. Here, we review the impact of endogenous H2S synthesis and metabolism on tumour progression, summarize the mechanism of action of H2S in tumour growth, and discuss the possibility of H2S as a potential target for tumour treatment.
Identification and comparison of Chlamydia psittaci, Legionella and Mycoplasma pneumonia infection
Authors: Zhu Ning , Zhou Daibing , Yuan Ruyu , Ruzetuoheti Yiminniyaze , Li Jing , Zhang Xiujuan , Li Shengqing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionConventional etiological detection and pathogenic antibody methods make it challenging to identify the atypical pathogens among the community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) could rapidly detect all potentially infectious diseases and identifies novel or potential pathogens.MethodsEighteen patients diagnosed with atypical CAP were enrolled in this retrospective study, including nine Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia (C. p), four Legionella pneumonia (L. p) and five Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. p). We simultaneously tested bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples for conventional microbiological methods and mNGS, and blood specimens were analysed. We also collected and compared baseline and clinical characteristics and treatment responses.ResultsPatients with C. p and L. p had similar symptoms, including fever, cough, headache, dyspnoea, asthenia, shivering and headache, compared with M. p, whose symptoms were slight. C. p and L. p usually showed multiple lobar distributions with pleural effusion. Serologic testing indicated that L. p had higher levels of white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine compared with M. p and L. p (p < 0.05). However, patients with C. p had lower levels of albumin (p < 0.05), and M. p had a minimum risk of cardiac volume loads (p < 0.05). CD4/CD8 ratio, lymphocytes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), cell counting of BALF and coagulation had no difference (p < 0.05). Pathogenic IgM assay showed that 4/5 cases were positive for M. p and no positive detection for C. p and L. p infection. We timely adjusted the antibiotics according to the final mNGS results. Eventually, 16/18 patients recovered fully. Conditions of L. p patients were worse than those of C. p patients, and those of M. p patients were the least.ConclusionEarly application of mNGS detection increased the atypical pathogenic identification, improved the prognosis and made up for the deficiency of conventional detection methods.
Down‐expression of Foxj1 on airway epithelium with impaired cilia architecture in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis implies disease severity
Authors: Zou Xiao‐Ling , Yang Hai‐Ling , Ding Wen‐Wen , Li Hai‐Ke , Zhou Yu‐Qi , Zhang Tian‐Tuo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe pathogenesis of non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis has not been clearly clarified. This study aimed to investigate the expression of ciliary regulating protein forkhead box protein j1 (Foxj1) on airway epithelium in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and its association with airway cilia structure disorder and disease severity.MethodsLung tissue sections excised from 47 patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis were included between January 2018 and June 2021. Specimens from 26 subjects who underwent a lobectomy due to lung nodule were chosen as controls. Clinical information was collected, and pathologic analysis was performed to assess the epithelial structure and expression of ciliary regulating Foxj1.ResultsOf the 47 patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, 25 were considered as mild, 12 were moderate whereas the remaining 10 cases were severe according to the bronchiectasis severity index score evaluation. Epithelial hyperplasia, hyperplasia of goblet cells and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, compared with control subjects. Cilia length in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients were shorter than that in the control group, (5.34 ± 0.89) μm versus (7.34 ± 0.71) μm, respectively (P = 0.002). The expression of Foxj1 was (2.69 ± 1.09) × 106 in non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, compared with (6.67 ± 1.15) × 106 in the control group (P = 0.001). Moreover, patients with lower expression of Foxj1 showed shorter airway cilia and worse in disease severity.ConclusionFoxj1 declined in the airway epithelium of patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, positively correlated to cilia length and might imply worse disease severity.
Center expansion of liver transplants using donation after circulatory death organs is associated with reduced overall waitlist mortality
Authors: Kathawate Ranganath G. , Abt Peter L. , Bittermann Therese 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionWaitlist outcomes in liver transplantation (LT) for individual recipients are improved by use of allografts procured through donation after circulatory death (DCD). However, the impact of increased DCD acceptance on overall center outcomes is unknown.MethodsUsing the United Network for Organ Sharing database, 88 centers performing an average of ≥10 LTs/year between 1/2004 and 12/2019 were compared by percent DCD use quartile and categorized into four phenotypes according to temporal usage trends. Overall center median Model for End‐stage Liver Disease at LT (MMaT), waitlist mortality, and waiting time were evaluated.ResultsThe overall DCD rate was 6.1% (N = 4906/80,709), ranging from 0% to 25.5%. Centers in the top DCD use quartile had lower MMaT (24 vs. 26; p < .001) and shorter overall waiting times (median 66 days vs. 90 days; p < .001) compared to bottom quartile centers. MMaT increased less over time at centers with increasing DCD use and was lower than at centers with declining DCD use (27 vs. 32; p = .017). Overall waitlist mortality between 2016 and 2019 was lower at increasing DCD use centers (17.8% vs. 22.5%, p = .034), yet did not affect 1‐year mortality (p = .747).ConclusionsThe improved waitlist outcomes at centers with expanded DCD use extend beyond DCD recipients alone without negative consequences to overall post‐LT center metrics.
Successful clinical and virological outcomes of liver transplantation for HDV/HBV‐related disease after long‐term discontinuation of hepatitis B immunoglobulins
Authors: Lenci Ilaria , Tariciotti Laura , Angelico Roberta , Milana Martina , Signorello Alessandro , Manzia Tommaso Maria , Toti Luca , Tisone Giuseppe , Angelico Mario , Baiocchi Leonardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndefinite, long‐term administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulins (HBIg), together with a third generation nucleos(t)ide analog (NA), is the currently recommended prophylactic strategy to prevent viral recurrence after liver transplantation (LT) for Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV)/Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related disease.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the safety and long‐term clinical and virological outcomes of a consecutive cohort of 16 patients (10 males, median age 64.5, range 41–75) transplanted for HDV/HBV‐related cirrhosis at our Institution, who discontinued HBIg after a median of 24.5 months (range 15–116) after transplant. All patients continued prophylaxis with same NA used before LT. Recurrence of HDV/HBV infection was defined as reappearance of serum HDV‐RNA with detectable serum HBsAg and/or HBV‐DNA.ResultsThe median follow‐up after LT was 138 months (range 73–316) and 110 months (range 52–200) after HBIg withdrawal. All patients were HBsAg‐positive, HBV‐DNA negative, and anti‐HDV positive at the time of LT and without coinfections with HCV or HIV. Patients were followed with biochemical and virological tests every 3–6 months after HBIg withdrawal. No recurrences of HDV/HBV infection or disease were observed during monoprophylaxis with NA. In addition, eight patients (50%) spontaneously developed anti‐HBs titers above 10 IU/L at a median of 74 months (range 58–140) following HBIG discontinuation.ConclusionsHBIg withdrawal after LT is a safe and efficacious strategy in patients transplanted for HDV/HBV disease and is frequently associated with the spontaneous development of serological immunity against HBV. These data call for a revision of current prophylactic recommendations in this setting.
Prognostic value of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 viral load and antibodies in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19
Authors: Bauer Rebecca N. , Teterina Anastasia , Shivram Haridha , McBride Jacqueline , Rosenberger Carrie M. , Cai Fang , Bao Min , Tsai Larry , Gordon Oliver , Lee Ivan T. , Wallin Jeffrey J. , Porter Danielle , Juneja Kavita , Camus Gregory , Rosas Ivan O. , Wildum Steffen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObservational studies have identified the potential prognostic value for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral load and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, viral load in nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs produced inconsistent results in prognostic analyses, and the prognostic value of viral load or antibodies has not been confirmed in large clinical trials. COVACTA and REMDACTA were double‐blind, randomized, controlled trials with a combined enrollment of 1078 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 treated with tocilizumab or placebo in COVACTA or tocilizumab plus remdesivir or placebo plus remdesivir in REMDACTA. We assessed the potential prognostic value of NP and serum SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load and serum anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies at baseline as biomarkers for clinical outcomes in patients enrolled in these trials. In adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, serum viral load was a more reliable predictor of clinical outcomes than NP viral load; high serum viral load was associated with higher risk for death and mechanical ventilation/death and lower likelihood of hospital discharge (high vs. negative viral load hazard ratios [95% confidence interval {CI}] were 2.87 [1.57–5.25], 3.86 [2.23–6.68], and 0.23 [0.14–0.36], respectively, in COVACTA and 8.11 [2.95–22.26], 10.29 [4.5–23.55], and 0.21 [0.15–0.29], respectively, in REMDACTA) and high serum viral load correlated with levels of inflammatory cytokines and lung damage biomarkers. High anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein antibody (ACOV2S) levels were associated with higher likelihood of hospital discharge (high vs. below the limit of quantification hazard ratios [95% CI] were 2.55 [1.59–4.08] for COVACTA and 1.54 [1.13–2.09] for REMDACTA). These results support the role of baseline SARS‐CoV‐2 serum viral load and ACOV2S antibody titers in predicting clinical outcomes for patients hospitalized with COVID‐19.
Colchicin – Renaissance eines „uralten“ Arzneimittels
Authors: Huber Stephanie Marie , Navarini Alexander , Brandt Oliver , Müller Simon 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDas bereits von den alten Ägyptern angewendete Colchicin erfuhr jüngst – dank seines breiten therapeutischen Wirkspektrums – eine Renaissance in verschiedenen medizinischen Disziplinen inklusive der Dermatologie. Aufgrund seines potenziell erheblichen Nebenwirkungsprofiles bei systemischer Anwendung setzen viele Kliniker Colchicin aber nur zurückhaltend ein. Diese Arbeit gibt einen praxisnahen Überblick über die Datenlage zum etablierten und neuen Einsatz von systemischem und topischem Colchicin bei dermatologischen Krankheiten.
Effect of slope borders in reducing splash erosion during sediment transport by rain‐induced overland flow
Authors: Liu Lin , Zhang Yi , Li Zhongwu , Xu Fei , Zhang Qinghui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSplash erosion plays a vital role in the loss of eroded materials. Unlike those in slope central areas, laterally ejected splashed materials in slope border areas cannot be replenished easily because slope edges prevent splash erosion particles from entering the slope. Thus, splashed materials in slope border areas are less than those in slope central areas because of the lack of source areas for splash‐eroded materials. However, this phenomenon, called the slope border effect, has received minimal attention by researchers. The partially missing splash erosion induced by the slope border effect on sediment transport was investigated to understand the slope erosion mechanism further in this paper. A modified soil pan divided into four areas, namely, central erosion test area (length = 100 cm, width = 35 cm, depth = 45 cm), border erosion test area (length = 100 cm, width = 35 cm, depth = 45 cm), splash compensate border area (length = 110 cm, width = 30 cm, depth = 45 cm) and splash collection area (length = 100 cm, width = 2.5 cm, depth = 45 cm) was used to monitor diffusion and splash erosion under simulated rainfall. Results showed that the splash detachment rate increased with the increase in slope but initially decreased and then increased with the increase in rainfall intensity. The runoff rate and diffuse erosion rates for complete splash erosion (SE) treatments were higher than those without partial splash erosion (SEL). Under low rainfall erosive power and runoff transport capacity (e.g., 5° slope and 60 mm h−1), the transported clay in SE treatments was approximately 2% more than that in SEL treatments. This amount changed to more than 2% sand under high rainfall and runoff erosive power. However, the mass fraction accounted for by silt particles in the sediments of the SEL treatments was more than that in the SE treatments. Thus, the partially missing splash erosion can weaken the selective transport ability of runoff for sediments. The effect of missing partial splash erosion on diffuse erosion was enhanced with an increase in erosive power. The results of our paper will provide insights into the effect of the boundary effect zone of slope on soil erosion and its related mechanisms.