bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrolyte contact changes nano-Li4Ti5O12 bulk properties via surface polarons
Authors: Schleker P. Philipp M. , Grosu Cristina , Paulus Marc , Jakes Peter , Schlögl Robert , Eichel Rüdiger-A. , Scheurer Christoph , Granwehr Josef 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is of general interest to combine the faradaic processes based high energy density of a battery with the non-faradaic processes based high power density of a capacitor in one cell. Surface area and functional groups of electrode materials strongly affect these properties. For the anode material Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), we suggest a polaron based mechanism that influences Li ion uptake and mobility. Here we show electrolytes containing a lithium salt induce an observable change in the bulk NMR relaxation properties of LTO nano particles. The longitudinal 7Li NMR relaxation time of bulk LTO can change by almost an order of magnitude and, therefore, reacts very sensitively to the cation and its concentration in the surrounding electrolyte. The reversible effect is largely independent of the used anions and of potential anion decomposition products. It is concluded that lithium salt containing electrolytes increase the mobility of surface polarons. These polarons and additional lithium cations from the electrolyte can now diffuse through the bulk, induce the observed enhanced relaxation rate and enable the non-faradaic process. This picture of a Li+ ion equilibrium between electrolyte and solid may help with improving the charging properties of electrode materials.
Resilience enhancement strategy for cyber–physical distribution systems that considers cross‐space propagation of information risk
Authors: Ju Jiaqi , Wang Qi , Wang Wei , Ni Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCyber–physical distribution systems with renewable energy should have high resilience under extreme conditions. However, in a distribution system with deep cyber–physical coupling, the propagation of information risk impairs the resilience of the system. This paper proposes a strategy to improve the resilience of cyber–physical distribution systems that considers cross‐space propagation of information risk. First, the mechanism for interaction between the cyber space and physical space is analyzed, and an information risk cross‐space propagation model is proposed. Second, the risk status of key device nodes is quantified according to the risk propagation model, and an optimization strategy for information risk control is obtained, whose objective function is the minimum risk of the coupling network. Third, a fault restoration strategy that considers cyber space risk is proposed. Finally, the paper reports experiments using the modified IEEE 33‐node and 123‐node distribution networks to simulate the proposed strategy and verify its effectiveness.
Driving training‐based optimization (DTBO) for global maximum power point tracking for a photovoltaic system under partial shading condition
Authors: Rehman Haroon , Sajid Injila , Sarwar Adil , Tariq Mohd , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Ahmad Shafiq , Mahmoud Haitham A. , Aziz Asma 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe presence of bypass diodes in photovoltaic (PV) arrays can mitigate the negative effects of partial shading conditions (PSCs), which can cause multiple peak characteristics at the output. However, conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods can develop errors and detect the local maximum power point (LMPP) instead of the global maximum power point (GMPP) under certain circumstances. To address this issue, several artificial intelligence (AI)‐based methods have been proposed, but they result in complicated and unreliable methodologies. This study introduces the driving training‐based optimization (DTBO) method, which aims to address the partial shading (PS) problem quickly and reliably in maximum power point (MPP) detection for PV systems. DTBO improves tracking speed and reduces fluctuations in the power output during the tracking period. The proposed method is extensively verified using the Typhoon hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) 402 emulator and compared to conventional methods such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), and JAYA, as well as the recently proposed adaptive JAYA (AJAYA) method for MPPT in a PV system under similar conditions.
Sparsity‐optimised farrow structure variable fractional delay filter for wideband array
Authors: Zhou Wenjing , Shen Mingwei , Xu Min , Han Guodong , Zhang Yudong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a new sparsity‐optimised Farrow structure variable fractional delay (SFS‐VFD) filter is proposed to address the aperture effect in wideband array. Our method is based on coefficient (anti‐)symmetry and optimises the number and orders of its sub‐filters, greatly reducing the non‐zero coefficients. The established cost function is formulated as a parametric minimisation problem with multiple regularisation constraints, and solved by the modified three‐block alternating direction multiplier method (MTB‐ADMM), which is improved by introducing core variable correction items to ensure stable and fast convergence. Experimental results show that the SFS‐VFD filter reduces the complexity of the system by decreasing the use of multipliers and adders while ensuring high delay accuracy. In wideband array, the SFS‐VFD filter effectively corrects the aperture effect and achieves precise beam pointing.
Statistics of Magrathea exoplanets beyond the main sequence
Authors: Columba G. , Danielski C. , Dorozsmai A. , Toonen S. , Lopez Puertas M. 
Published: June 2023

Context. Notwithstanding the tremendous growth of the field of exoplanets in the last decade, limited attention has been paid to the planets around binary stars, which represent a small fraction of the total discoveries to date. Circumbinary planets (CBPs) have been discovered primarily with transit and eclipse timing variation methods, mainly around main sequence (MS) stars. No exoplanet has been found orbiting double white dwarf (DWD) binaries yet.
Aims. In the interest of expanding our understanding of the final fate of CBPs, we modelled their long-term evolution, throughout the life stages of their hosts, from the MS to WD. Our goal is to provide the community with theoretical constraints on the evolution of CBPs beyond the MS and with the occurrence rates of planet survival throughout the ageing of the systems.
Methods. We further developed the publicly available Triple Evolution Simulation (TRES) code, to adapt it to the mass range of sub-stellar objects (SSOs). We did so by implementing a variety of physical processes that affect giant planets and brown dwarfs. We used TRES to simulate the evolution, up to one Hubble time, of two synthetic populations of circumbinary giant planets. Each population was generated using different priors for the planetary orbital parameters.
Results. In our simulated populations we identified several evolutionary categories, such as survived, merged, and destabilised systems. Our primary interest is those systems in which the planet survived the WD formation of both stars in the binary. We named these planets Magrathea. We found that a significant fraction of simulated CBPs survive the entire system evolution and become Magratheas, regardless of their mass. In the absence of multi-planet migration mechanisms, this category of CBPs is characterised by long orbital periods.
Conclusions. Magrathea planets are a natural outcome of triple-system evolution, and our study indicates that they should be relatively common in the Galaxy. These gas giants can survive the death of their binary hosts if they orbit far enough away to avoid engulfment and instabilities. Our results can ultimately be a reference to orient future observations of this uncharted class of planets and to compare different theoretical models.
Mitragyna speciosa Korth.,
der Kratombaum
Authors: Jenett-Siems Kristina 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Kratom-Baum, Mitragyna speciosa Korth., ist in feuchten
Tieflandwäldern der Malaiischen Halbinsel und auf dem Malaiischen
Archipel verbreitet. Die Blätter wurden volksmedizinisch bei
Bluthochdruck, Durchfall, Husten oder Fieber verwendet. Aufgrund opioidartiger
Effekte besitzt die Pflanze in asiatischen Ländern wie Thailand und
Malaysia eine lange Nutzungsgeschichte. Die frischen Blätter werden als
anregendes Genussmittel gekaut oder als Teeaufguss getrunken. Phytochemische
Untersuchungen führten zur Isolierung von iridoiden Indolalkaloiden wie
Mitragynin; neben den Alkaloiden sind Flavonoide, Kaffeesäurederivate,
Monoterpene und Triterpenglykoside enthalten. Moderne In-vitro-Untersuchungen
belegen eine Interaktion verschiedener Alkaloide mit Opioid-Rezeptoren,
tierexperimentelle Befunde deuten auf eine analgetische und
möglicherweise antidepressive/anxiolytische Wirkung hin.
Klinische Studien zur Wirksamkeit der Blattdroge liegen bisher nicht vor.
Phytotherapeutika für Kinder
Authors: Kraft Karin , Hensel Andreas 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Seit Inkrafttreten der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 1901/2006 im
Jahr 2006, mit der die Entwicklung und Verfügbarkeit von Arzneimitteln
für Kinder erleichtert werden soll, ist bis heute in einigen Bereichen
zwar ein deutlicher Fortschritt erzielt worden, allerdings nicht bei den
pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln (HMP).
Methodik Im Mai 2022 wurde deshalb von der Stiftung „Plants for
Health“, der Gesellschaft für Arzneipflanzen- und
Naturstoff-Forschung (GA) und der Gesellschaft für Phytotherapie (GPT)
ein internationales eSymposium mit Experten aus verschiedenen Fachgebieten
organisiert, um geeignete Maßnahmen zur Etablierung von rational
begründeten Dosierungsschemata für Phytotherapeutika zur
Anwendung bei Kindern zu diskutieren. Dafür sollten der Status quo aus
akademischer und klinisch-pädiatrischer Sicht dargestellt und
verschiedene Besonderheiten einschließlich regulatorischer Anforderungen
aus den deutschsprachigen Ländern, Großbritannien, Spanien und
der Eurasischen Wirtschaftsunion analysiert werden. Als mögliche
Lösungsansätze wurden klinische Studien, validierte
Extrapolationsverfahren und die Generierung von Real-World-Daten (RWD)
vorgestellt.
Ergebnisse und Diskussion Die Anforderungen der Verordnung (EG) Nr.
1901/2006 werden aus phytotherapeutischer Sicht bislang nicht
erfüllt. HMPs sind wirksame und sichere Therapieoptionen, die
physiologischen Besonderheiten des Kindesalters erfordern jedoch eine Anpassung
von Dosierungen und Zubereitungsformen. Registrierung, Inverkehrbringen und
Anwendung von HMPs unterscheiden sich in verschiedenen europäischen
Ländern bzw. Regionen teilweise erheblich. Für die Festlegung
rational begründeter pädiatrischer Dosierungen für HMPs
können unter bestimmten Prämissen die Extrapolation von
entsprechenden Daten für Erwachsene sowie Daten aus den –
derzeit allerdings nur wenigen – pädiatrischen klinischen
Studien genutzt werden. RWD aus verschiedenen Quellen könnten ebenfalls
zur Lösung der Probleme beitragen, allerdings erfordert dies eine
Anpassung des bisherigen Rechtsrahmens.
High Prescribing and State-Level Variation in Z-Drug Use Among Medicare Patients
Authors: Anderson Kaitlin E. , Gifeisman Rachel I. , Basting James L. , Harris Donovan J. , Rajan Antonica R. , McCall Kenneth L. , Piper Brian J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground Z-drugs are nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics used for sleep initiation and maintenance; these drugs increase the risk of fall-related injuries in older adults. The American Geriatrics Society’s Beers criteria classifies Z-drugs as high-risk and strongly recommends avoiding prescribing Z-drugs to older adults due to adverse effects. The study objectives were to determine the prevalence of Z-drug prescribing among Medicare Part D patients and identify state or specialty-dependent prescribing differences. This study also aimed to determine prescribing patterns of Z-drugs to Medicare patients.Methods Z-drug prescription data was extracted from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services State Drug Utilization Data for 2018. For all 50 states, the number of prescriptions per 100 Medicare enrollees and days-supply per prescription was determined. The percentage of total prescriptions prescribed by each specialty and the average number of prescriptions per provider within each specialty was also determined.Results Zolpidem was the most prescribed Z-drug (95.0%). Prescriptions per 100 enrollees were significantly high in Utah (28.2) and Arkansas (26.7) and significantly low in Hawaii (9.3) relative to the national average (17.5). Family medicine (32.1%), internal medicine (31.4%), and psychiatry (11.7%) made up the largest percentages of total prescriptions. The number of prescriptions per provider was significantly high among psychiatrists.Discussion Contrary to the Beers criteria, Z-drugs are prescribed to older adults at high rates.
Developing Organometallic Nucleophilic Reagents Via Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Gualandi Andrea , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Calogero Francesco , Pinosa Emanuele , Corbisiero Dario 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe addition of organometallic reagents to the carbonyl group represents a key transformation, both in academia and industry. Most of these transformations rely on a mechanism in which accessible and reactive halides are transformed into the corresponding nucleophilic organometallic reactive compounds through a redox mechanism, using a metal (Cr, Mg, In, etc.) in low oxidation state, by electron transfer. With the advent of photoredox catalysis, the formation of radicals, through oxidation or reduction of suitable and tailored organic precursors, was merged with transition metal catalysis. By radical-to-polar crossover (RPCO­), a radical metal is combined with an organic radical to produce, via radical-radical trapping, a polar nucleophilic organometallic reagent. Using dual photoredox catalysis (metallaphotoredox catalysis), a reactive organometallic reagent can be prepared, avoiding the use of metals in low oxidation state. Herein, in addition to the description of the results obtained by our group and the contributions of others on the connection between carbonyl addition and radical-based photochemistry, we provide core guidance for further synthetic developments. We anticipate that extending the photoredox dual strategy beyond the Barbier reactions described here, taming less-activated carbonyls, studying other important electrophiles, will soon realize important breakthroughs.1	Introduction2	Photoredox Catalysis: A Survival Guide for the ‘Photo-Curious’3	Chromium Nucleophilic Organometallic Reagents3.1	Allylation of Aldehydes3.2	Allylation of Aldehydes via Dienes3.3	Propargylation of Aldehydes via 1,3-Enynes3.4	Alkenylation of Aldehydes3.5	Alkylation of Aldehydes3.6	Enantioselective Chromium-Mediated Photoredox Reactions4	Titanium Nucleophilic Organometallic Reagents4.1	Allylation Reactions4.2	Propargylation Reactions4.3	Allylation Reactions via Dienes4.4	Benzylation Reactions4.5	Alkylation Reactions5.	Cobalt Nucleophilic Organometallic Reagents5.1	Allylation Reactions6	Conclusion
Cervical Trident-Shaped Neurofibroma: A Rare Variant
Authors: Haque Inamul , Barua Navanil , Borah Nabajyoti , Gang Sneha , Barman Ananya , Ahmed Shabnam A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpinal nerve root tumors can arise throughout the spine and at multiple levels, likely representing plexiform neurofibromas that grow from the nerve root into the intraspinal space either intradurally or epidurally and exit through the neural foramen, producing a dumbbell-shaped appearance. Although many cases of dumbbell-shaped extramedullary neurofibromas in the cervical spine have been reported, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of trident-shaped extramedullary neurofibromas. A 26-year-old woman presented with swelling over the right side of her neck. Diagnostic workup included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the neck, which revealed an intradural, extramedullary tumor mass at the right C2–C6 level with an extraspinal extension. Spinal cord compression or canal compromise is the most reliable indication for surgery. The solitary cervical neurofibroma was treated surgically in a single stage through laminoplasty and excision of the intradural tumor along with that of the neck component. This was performed without any complications. A single-stage double approach was adopted in this case. After total excision, the shape of the tumor was found to be more like a trident than a dumbbell. Hence, here we would like to suggest a new nomenclature for this neurofibroma, the trident neurofibroma.
Young people’s perceptions of the challenges and opportunities during the Mainland China–Hong Kong convergence
Authors: Lo T. Wing , Chan Gloria Hongyee , Lee Gabriel Kwun Wa , Guan Xin , Kwok Sharon Ingrid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the handover of the sovereignty of Hong Kong from Britain to China in 1997, convergence between Mainland China and Hong Kong has gradually emerged. During this process, young people have engaged in demonstrations to express their dissatisfaction with government policies and limited socio-economic progression. However, the underlying reasons for their dissatisfaction have not been fully investigated. This study investigates their perceived challenges and opportunities during the convergence, with the objective of identifying the factors affecting the Mainland China–Hong Kong convergence and examining young people’s perceived challenges and opportunities during the convergence. Mixed research methods of focus groups and a survey were adopted. Ten focus groups with 83 participants were conducted to collect qualitative data on the factors relating to convergence. Based on the qualitative data, a questionnaire was constructed to investigate young people’s perceived challenges and opportunities during the convergence, using a sample of 1253 young people. Ordinary least-squares regression was applied to analyse the relationships among identified factors. The study found that Hong Kong’s youth tended to regard the Mainland China–Hong Kong convergence as an opportunity for socio-economic progression, and they identified three challenges during the convergence. It also revealed that young people’s higher education, perceived housing challenges, and perceived socio-economic challenges are negatively related to the convergence, whereas their perceived challenges associated with entrepreneurship and innovation are positively related to the convergence. The development of more well-balanced and mutually beneficial policies that satisfy the needs of young people will lead to a higher acceptance of the convergence. As such, young people will be more willing to embrace the opportunities and face the challenges brought about by the convergence, resulting in a more harmonious society and socio-economic progression.
Owned media, influencer marketing, and unofficial brand ambassadors: differences between narratives, types of prescribers, and effects on interactions on Instagram
Authors: Barquero Cabrero José Daniel , Castillo-Abdul Bárbara , Talamás-Carvajal Juan Andrés , Romero-Rodríguez Luis M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the current era of the attention economy, users find themselves in social networks over-saturated with advertising that tends not to catch the public’s attention or have great credibility. In this sense, brands are trying to get closer to their audiences by using non-invasive, user-generated storytelling strategies with a more natural and experience-focused message. This research aims to compare which narrative elements used by the official accounts of 5 Ibero-American nation brands on Instagram and by the users (UGC) of hashtags promoted from those official accounts generate greater organic interaction on that social network (likes and comments). With a correlational view, we seek to compare whether the promotion of countries generates greater interaction between those generated by owned media and by users (UGC). For this purpose, two analysis sheets were designed and validated to perform quantitative, descriptive, and correlational content analysis and were applied, on the one hand, to 5 official profiles of Ibero-American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela) and on the other hand, using the hashtags promoted from these official accounts, the 100 posts of user-generated content (UGC) with greater relevance according to the platform were chosen. The main results show that Reels reach almost five times higher than any other type of posts in UGC accounts, while on the contrary, in corporate accounts, they are the types of content with the least interactions. Unlike what one might think, contests (giveaways) on official accounts generated fewer likes and social responsibility content, and posts featuring influencers and celebrities also failed to achieve significant interactions. Overall, official accounts generate the same amount of likes as UGC but significantly fewer comments. Brands only outperform UGC in likes in individual Photographs or Photo Rolls, while UCG outperforms brands in Reels for both metrics.
A novel in-situ Raman spectroscopic cell for aqueous geochemistry at the solid–liquid interface
Authors: Li Sophia , Alcorn Christopher , Neil Chelsea 
Published: June 2023

In-situ Raman spectroscopy has the potential to be a powerful technique for monitoring geochemical reactions at a solid–liquid interface in real time. In this article, we present the development and testing of an in-situ Raman spectroscopic cell, which can be used for reaction systems at moderate temperatures and pressure [&lt;1000 psi (6.89 MPa), &lt;100 °C, relevant to subsurface geologic systems] and can hold samples large enough for chemical mapping of heterogeneous rock surfaces. The system is validated by measuring the temperature-dependent conversion of gypsum to calcite over time. Near total conversion of gypsum to calcite on the mineral surface took 29 hours at room temperature and 150 minutes at 100 °C, corresponding to an 11.6-fold increase in the conversion rate. We anticipate that this cell can be an important tool in quantifying the rates of carbon mineralization relevant to geologic carbon sequestration, particularly for the elevated rates recently observed in mafic/ultramafic rocks.