bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain and Stress Accumulation in Viscoelastic Splay Fault and Subducting Oceanic Crust
Authors: Muramoto Tomoya , Ito Yoshihiro , Miyakawa Ayumu , Furuichi Noriyuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study constructs a model to represent the strain–stress field surrounding a splay fault and demonstrates the accumulation processes of both strain and stress around the splay fault. We consider the case of multiple fault dislocations, construct the model as a function of the effective viscosity in the media, and investigate the influence of the effective viscosity on the strain and stress accumulation patterns. The results show that the strain and stress tend to accumulate in the splay fault and the subducting oceanic crust, and the rate of accumulation varies with the effective viscosity. The accumulation and relaxation of strain and stress are simultaneous, and the slower the effective viscosity, the slower the accumulation rate. We discuss the relationship between the splay faults, fluid, and intraslab earthquakes. Finally, the possibility that effective viscosity may contribute to the mode of occurrence of intraslab earthquakes at the Hikurangi subduction margin is discussed.
Warmth Favored Dust Activities on the Northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Feng Yuye , Long Hao , Yang Fei , Yang Fan , Cheng Hongyi , Zhang Ganlin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe limited availability of long‐term historical dust records has impeded comprehension of the mid‐latitude atmospheric circulation and underlying mechanisms of dust activities in arid Central Asia. We present a well‐dated 2,800‐year peat record from the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and identified the aeolian origin of archived particles by comparing grain‐size distribution and strontium isotope with those of modern dusts. We show that the reconstructed dust input was enhanced during warming periods, which also coincides with the variation of Westerlies, total solar irradiance, and North Atlantic Oscillation. We propose that warming climate may have contributed to a significant impact on the moisture balance and wind strength, and predict that this region may experience more frequent dust activity in the future. These findings contrast with meteorological observations of decreasing dust activities during the last 40 years despite a warming trend, suggesting different effects of natural processes versus anthropogenic impact on global warming.
Observations of the Roots of Plasma Bubbles: Are They Sometimes Foamy?
Authors: Bennett Charles L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDramatic irregularities in the plasma density of the ionosphere, first discovered by their effects on radio wave propagation in 1938, despite decades of investigation, still remain puzzling. Their deleterious effects on radio wave communication, satellite command and control, and GPS navigation strongly motivate better understanding of their nature. Many aspects of such irregularities are now understood, but the mechanism(s) of their formation and their detailed nature remain a topic of great interest. In this work, detailed time resolved measurements of lightning generated waves sometimes show dispersionless, strongly attenuated propagation with substantial propagation delays. These characteristics of the electromagnetic wave propagation in the hypothetical two‐phase bubble/non‐bubble lower ionosphere parallel the characteristics of acoustic wave propagation through two‐phase liquid/vapor foams. This motivates the suggestion that the bottomside layer of the ionosphere may sometimes be foamy.
Physiochemical Controls on the Horizontal Exchange of Blue Carbon Across the Salt Marsh‐Tidal Channel Interface
Authors: Fettrow Sean , Jeppi Virginia , Wozniak Andrew , Vargas Rodrigo , Michael Holly , Seyfferth Angelia L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTidal channels are biogeochemical hotspots that horizontally exchange carbon (C) with marsh platforms, but the physiochemical drivers controlling these dynamics are poorly understood. We hypothesized that C‐bearing iron (Fe) oxides precipitate and immobilize dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during ebb tide as the soils oxygenate, and dissolve into the porewater during flood tide, promoting transport to the channel. The hydraulic gradient physically controls how these solutes are horizontally exchanged across the marsh platform‐tidal channel interface; we hypothesized that this gradient alters the concentration and source of C being exchanged. We further hypothesized that trace soil gases (i.e., CO2, CH4, dimethyl sulfide) are pushed out of the channel bank as the groundwater rises. To test these hypotheses, we measured porewater, surface water, and soil trace gases over two 24‐hr monitoring campaigns (i.e., summer and spring) in a mesohaline tidal marsh. We found that Fe2+ and DOC were positively related during flood tide but not during ebb tide in spring when soils were more oxidized. This finding shows evidence for the formation and dissolution of C‐bearing Fe oxides across a tidal cycle. In addition, the tidal channel contained significantly (p < 0.05) more terrestrial‐like DOC when the hydraulic gradient was driving flow toward the channel. In comparison, the channel water was saltier and contained significantly (p < 0.05) more marine‐like DOC when the hydraulic gradient reversed direction. Trace gas fluxes increased with rising groundwater levels, particularly dimethyl sulfide. These findings suggest multiple physiochemical mechanisms controlling the horizontal exchange of C at the marsh platform‐tidal channel interface.
The tobacco-specific carcinogen NNK induces pulmonary tumorigenesis via nAChR/Src/STAT3-mediated activation of the renin-angiotensin system and IGF-1R signaling
Authors: Boo Hye-Jin , Min Hye-Young , Hwang Su Jung , Lee Hyo-Jong , Lee Jae-Won , Oh Sei-Ryang , Park Choon-Sik , Park Jong-Sook , Lee You Mie , Lee Ho-Young 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe renin-angiotensin (RA) system has been implicated in lung tumorigenesis without detailed mechanistic elucidation. Here, we demonstrate that exposure to the representative tobacco-specific carcinogen nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) promotes lung tumorigenesis through deregulation of the pulmonary RA system. Mechanistically, NNK binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) induces Src-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation, resulting in transcriptional upregulation of angiotensinogen (AGT) and subsequent induction of the angiotensin II (AngII) receptor type 1 (AGTR1) signaling pathway. In parallel, NNK concurrently increases insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) production and activation of IGF-1R/insulin receptor (IR) signaling via a two-step pathway involving transcriptional upregulation of IGF2 through STAT3 activation and enhanced secretion from intracellular storage through AngII/AGTR1/PLC-intervened calcium release. NNK-mediated crosstalk between IGF-1R/IR and AGTR1 signaling promoted tumorigenic activity in lung epithelial and stromal cells. Lung tumorigenesis caused by NNK exposure or alveolar type 2 cell-specific Src activation was suppressed by heterozygous Agt knockout or clinically available inhibitors of the nAChR/Src or AngII/AGTR1 pathways. These results demonstrate that NNK-induced stimulation of the lung RA system leads to IGF2-mediated IGF-1R/IR signaling activation in lung epithelial and stromal cells, resulting in lung tumorigenesis in smokers.
The YTHDC1/GLUT3/RNF183 axis forms a positive feedback loop that modulates glucose metabolism and bladder cancer progression
Authors: Yan Bin , Li Xurui , Peng Mou , Zuo Yali , Wang Yinhuai , Liu Pian , Ren Weigang , Jin Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAberrant glucose metabolism is a characteristic of bladder cancer. Hyperglycemia contributes to the development and progression of bladder cancer. However, the underlying mechanism by which hyperglycemia promotes the aggressiveness of cancers, especially bladder cancer, is still incompletely understood. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is a kind of methylation modification occurring at the N6 position of adenosine that is important for the pathogenesis of urological tumors. Recently, it was found that the m6A reader YTHDC1 is regulated by high-glucose conditions. In our study, we revealed that YTHDC1 is not only regulated by high-glucose conditions but is also downregulated in bladder cancer tissue and associated with the prognosis of cancer. We also showed that YTHDC1 suppresses the malignant progression of and the glycolytic process in bladder cancer cells in an m6A-dependent manner and determined that this effect is partially mediated by GLUT3. Moreover, GLUT3 was found to destabilize YTHDC1 by upregulating RNF183 expression. In summary, we identified a novel YTHDC1/GLUT3/RNF183 feedback loop that regulates disease progression and glucose metabolism in bladder cancer. Collectively, this study provides new insight regarding the pathogenesis of bladder cancer under hyperglycemic conditions and might reveal ideal candidates for the development of drugs for bladder cancer.
Peptides as multifunctional players in cancer therapy
Authors: Vadevoo Sri Murugan Poongkavithai , Gurung Smriti , Lee Hyun-Su , Gunassekaran Gowri Rangaswamy , Lee Seok-Min , Yoon Jae-Won , Lee Yun-Ki , Lee Byungheon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPeptides exhibit lower affinity and a shorter half-life in the body than antibodies. Conversely, peptides demonstrate higher efficiency in tissue penetration and cell internalization than antibodies. Regardless of the pros and cons of peptides, they have been used as tumor-homing ligands for delivering carriers (such as nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, and cells) and cargoes (such as cytotoxic peptides and radioisotopes) to tumors. Additionally, tumor-homing peptides have been conjugated with cargoes such as small-molecule or chemotherapeutic drugs via linkers to synthesize peptide–drug conjugates. In addition, peptides selectively bind to cell surface receptors and proteins, such as immune checkpoints, receptor kinases, and hormone receptors, subsequently blocking their biological activity or serving as hormone analogs. Furthermore, peptides internalized into cells bind to intracellular proteins and interfere with protein–protein interactions. Thus, peptides demonstrate great application potential as multifunctional players in cancer therapy.
Early life stress in male mice blunts responsiveness in a translationally-relevant reward task
Authors: Hisey Erin E. , Fritsch Emma L. , Newman Emily L. , Ressler Kerry J. , Kangas Brian D. , Carlezon William A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarly-life stress (ELS) leaves signatures upon the brain that persist throughout the lifespan and increase the risk of psychiatric illnesses including mood and anxiety disorders. In humans, myriad forms of ELS—including childhood abuse, bullying, poverty, and trauma—are increasingly prevalent. Understanding the signs of ELS, including those associated with psychiatric illness, will enable improved treatment and prevention. Here, we developed a novel procedure to model human ELS in mice and identify translationally-relevant biomarkers of mood and anxiety disorders. We exposed male mice (C57BL/6 J) to an early-life (juvenile) chronic social defeat stress (jCSDS) and examined social interaction and responsivity to reward during adulthood. As expected, jCSDS-exposed mice showed a socially avoidant phenotype in open-field social interaction tests. However, sucrose preference tests failed to demonstrate ELS-induced reductions in choice for the sweetened solution, suggesting no effect on reward function. To explore whether other tasks might be more sensitive to changes in motivation, we tested the mice in the Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT), a procedure often used in humans to study reward learning deficits associated with depressive illness. In a touchscreen PRT variant that was reverse-translated to maximize alignment with the version used in human subjects, mice exposed to jCSDS displayed significant reductions in the tendency to develop response biases for the more richly-rewarded stimulus, a hallmark sign of anhedonia when observed in humans. Our findings suggest that translationally-relevant procedures that utilize the same endpoints across species may enable the development of improved model systems that more accurately predict outcomes in humans.
Higher immune-related gene expression in major depression is independent of CRP levels: results from the BIODEP study
Authors: Sforzini Luca , Cattaneo Annamaria , Ferrari Clarissa , Turner Lorinda , Mariani Nicole , Enache Daniela , Hastings Caitlin , Lombardo Giulia , Nettis Maria A. , Nikkheslat Naghmeh , Worrell Courtney , Zajkowska Zuzanna , Kose Melisa , Cattane Nadia , Lopizzo Nicola , Mazzelli Monica , Pointon Linda , Cowen Philip J. , Cavanagh Jonathan , Harrison Neil A. , Jones Declan , Drevets Wayne C. , Mondelli Valeria , Bullmore Edward T. ,   Neuroimmunology of Mood Disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease (NIMA) Consortium, Mondelli Valeria , Pariante Carmine M. , Pariante Carmine M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCompelling evidence demonstrates that some individuals suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit increased levels of inflammation. Most studies focus on inflammation-related proteins, such as serum or plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). However, the immune-related modifications associated with MDD may be not entirely captured by CRP alone. Analysing mRNA gene expression levels, we aimed to identify broader molecular immune-related phenotypes of MDD. We examined 168 individuals from the non-interventional, case–control, BIODEP study, 128 with a diagnosis of MDD and 40 healthy controls. Individuals with MDD were further divided according to serum high-sensitivity (hs)CRP levels (n = 59 with CRP <1, n = 33 with CRP 1–3 and n = 36 with CRP >3 mg/L). We isolated RNA from whole blood and performed gene expression analyses using RT-qPCR. We measured the expression of 16 immune-related candidate genes: A2M, AQP4, CCL2, CXCL12, CRP, FKBP5, IL-1-beta, IL-6, ISG15, MIF, GR, P2RX7, SGK1, STAT1, TNF-alpha and USP18. Nine of the 16 candidate genes were differentially expressed in MDD cases vs. controls, with no differences between CRP-based groups. Only CRP mRNA was clearly associated with serum CRP. In contrast, plasma (proteins) IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-16, IL-17A, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, and neutrophils counts, were all differentially regulated between CRP-based groups (higher in CRP >3 vs. CRP <1 and/or controls), reflecting the gradient of CRP values. Secondary analyses on MDD individuals and controls with CRP values <1 mg/L (usually interpreted as 'no inflammation') confirmed MDD cases still had significantly different mRNA expression of immune-related genes compared with controls. These findings corroborate an immune-related molecular activation in MDD, which appears to be independent of serum CRP levels. Additional biological mechanisms may then be required to translate this mRNA signature into inflammation at protein and cellular levels. Understanding these mechanisms will help to uncover the true immune abnormalities in depression, opening new paths for diagnosis and treatment.
The blood proteome of imminent lung cancer diagnosis
Authors:   The Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3), Albanes Demetrius , Alcala Karine , Alcala Nicolas , Amos Christopher I. , Arslan Alan A. , Bassett Julie K. , Brennan Paul , Cai Qiuyin , Chen Chu , Feng Xiaoshuang , Freedman Neal D. , Guida Florence , Hung Rayjean J. , Hveem Kristian , Johansson Mikael , Johansson Mattias , Koh Woon-Puay , Langhammer Arnulf , Milne Roger L. , Muller David , Onwuka Justina , Sørgjerd Elin Pettersen , Robbins Hilary A. , Sesso Howard D. , Severi Gianluca , Shu Xiao-Ou , Sieri Sabina , Smith-Byrne Karl , Stevens Victoria , Tinker Lesley , Tjønneland Anne , Visvanathan Kala , Wang Ying , Wang Renwei , Weinstein Stephanie , Yuan Jian-Min , Zahed Hana , Zhang Xuehong , Zheng Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIdentification of risk biomarkers may enhance early detection of smoking-related lung cancer. We measured between 392 and 1,162 proteins in blood samples drawn at most three years before diagnosis in 731 smoking-matched case-control sets nested within six prospective cohorts from the US, Europe, Singapore, and Australia. We identify 36 proteins with independently reproducible associations with risk of imminent lung cancer diagnosis (all p < 4 × 10−5). These include a few markers (e.g. CA-125/MUC-16 and CEACAM5/CEA) that have previously been reported in studies using pre-diagnostic blood samples for lung cancer. The 36 proteins include several growth factors (e.g. HGF, IGFBP-1, IGFP-2), tumor necrosis factor-receptors (e.g. TNFRSF6B, TNFRSF13B), and chemokines and cytokines (e.g. CXL17, GDF-15, SCF). The odds ratio per standard deviation range from 1.31 for IGFBP-1 (95% CI: 1.17–1.47) to 2.43 for CEACAM5 (95% CI: 2.04–2.89). We map the 36 proteins to the hallmarks of cancer and find that activation of invasion and metastasis, proliferative signaling, tumor-promoting inflammation, and angiogenesis are most frequently implicated.
Ecology of Endozoicomonadaceae in three coral genera across the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Hochart Corentin , Paoli Lucas , Ruscheweyh Hans-Joachim , Salazar Guillem , Boissin Emilie , Romac Sarah , Poulain Julie , Bourdin Guillaume , Iwankow Guillaume , Moulin Clémentine , Ziegler Maren , Porro Barbara , Armstrong Eric J. , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Aury Jean-Marc , Pogoreutz Claudia , Paz-García David A. , Nugues Maggy M. , Agostini Sylvain , Banaigs Bernard , Boss Emmanuel , Bowler Chris , de Vargas Colomban , Douville Eric , Flores Michel , Forcioli Didier , Furla Paola , Gilson Eric , Lombard Fabien , Pesant Stéphane , Reynaud Stéphanie , Thomas Olivier P. , Troublé Romain , Wincker Patrick , Zoccola Didier , Allemand Denis , Planes Serge , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Voolstra Christian R. , Sunagawa Shinichi , Galand Pierre E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHealth and resilience of the coral holobiont depend on diverse bacterial communities often dominated by key marine symbionts of theEndozoicomonadaceaefamily. The factors controlling their distribution and their functional diversity remain, however, poorly known. Here, we study the ecology ofEndozoicomonadaceaeat an ocean basin-scale by sampling specimens from three coral genera (Pocillopora,Porites,Millepora) on 99 reefs from 32 islands across the Pacific Ocean. The analysis of 2447 metabarcoding and 270 metagenomic samples reveals that each coral genus harbored a distinct new species ofEndozoicomonadaceae. These species are composed of nine lineages that have distinct biogeographic patterns. The most common one, found inPocillopora, appears to be a globally distributed symbiont with distinct metabolic capabilities, including the synthesis of amino acids and vitamins not produced by the host. The other lineages are structured partly by the host genetic lineage inPocilloporaand mainly by the geographic location inPorites.Milleporais more rarely associated toEndozoicomonadaceae. Our results show that different coral genera exhibit distinct strategies of host-Endozoicomonadaceaeassociations that are defined at the bacteria lineage level.
Vagus nerve stimulation primes platelets and reduces bleeding in hemophilia A male mice
Authors: Bravo-Iñiguez Carlos E. , Fritz Jason R. , Shukla Shilpa , Sarangi Susmita , Thompson Dane A. , Amin Seema G. , Tsaava Tea , Chaudhry Saher , Valentino Sara P. , Hoffman Hannah B. , Imossi Catherine W. , Addorisio Meghan E. , Valdes-Ferrer Sergio I. , Chavan Sangeeta S. , Blanc Lionel , Czura Christopher J. , Tracey Kevin J. , Huston Jared M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDeficiency of coagulation factor VIII in hemophilia A disrupts clotting and prolongs bleeding. While the current mainstay of therapy is infusion of factor VIII concentrates, inhibitor antibodies often render these ineffective. Because preclinical evidence shows electrical vagus nerve stimulation accelerates clotting to reduce hemorrhage without precipitating systemic thrombosis, we reasoned it might reduce bleeding in hemophilia A. Using two different male murine hemorrhage and thrombosis models, we show vagus nerve stimulation bypasses the factor VIII deficiency of hemophilia A to decrease bleeding and accelerate clotting. Vagus nerve stimulation targets acetylcholine-producing T lymphocytes in spleen and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) on platelets to increase calcium uptake and enhance alpha granule release. Splenectomy or genetic deletion of T cells or α7nAChR abolishes vagal control of platelet activation, thrombus formation, and bleeding in male mice. Vagus nerve stimulation warrants clinical study as a therapy for coagulation disorders and surgical or traumatic bleeding.
The divisome but not the elongasome organizes capsule synthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Nakamoto Rei , Bamyaci Sarp , Blomqvist Karin , Normark Staffan , Henriques-Normark Birgitta , Sham Lok-To 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe bacterial cell envelope consists of multiple layers, including the peptidoglycan cell wall, one or two membranes, and often an external layer composed of capsular polysaccharides (CPS) or other components. How the synthesis of all these layers is precisely coordinated remains unclear. Here, we identify a mechanism that coordinates the synthesis of CPS and peptidoglycan in Streptococcus pneumoniae. We show that CPS synthesis initiates from the division septum and propagates along the long axis of the cell, organized by the tyrosine kinase system CpsCD. CpsC and the rest of the CPS synthesis complex are recruited to the septum by proteins associated with the divisome (a complex involved in septal peptidoglycan synthesis) but not the elongasome (involved in peripheral peptidoglycan synthesis). Assembly of the CPS complex starts with CpsCD, then CpsA and CpsH, the glycosyltransferases, and finally CpsJ. Remarkably, targeting CpsC to the cell pole is sufficient to reposition CPS synthesis, leading to diplococci that lack CPS at the septum. We propose that septal CPS synthesis is important for chain formation and complement evasion, thereby promoting bacterial survival inside the host.
Mechanism for fluctuating pair density wave
Authors: Setty Chandan , Fanfarillo Laura , Hirschfeld P. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn weakly coupled BCS superconductors, only electrons within a tiny energy window around the Fermi energy,EF, form Cooper pairs. This may not be the case in strong coupling superconductors such as cuprates, FeSe, SrTiO3or cold atom condensates where the pairing scale,EB, becomes comparable or even larger thanEF. In cuprates, for example, a plausible candidate for the pseudogap state at low doping is a fluctuating pair density wave, but no microscopic model has yet been found which supports such a state. In this work, we write an analytically solvable model to examine pairing phases in the strongly coupled regime and in the presence of anisotropic interactions. Already for moderate coupling we find an unusual finite temperature phase, below an instability temperatureTi, where local pair correlations have non-zero center-of-mass momentum but lack long-range order. At low temperature, this fluctuating pair density wave can condense either to a uniformd-wave superconductor or the widely postulated pair-density wave phase depending on the interaction strength. Our minimal model offers a unified framework to understand the emergence of both fluctuating and long range pair density waves in realistic systems.