bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Territoriality drives patterns of fixed space use in Caribbean parrotfishes
Authors: Manning Joshua C. , McCoy Sophie J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnimals often occupy home ranges where they conduct daily activities. In many parrotfishes, large terminal phase (TP) males defend their diurnal (i.e., daytime) home ranges as intraspecific territories occupied by harems of initial phase (IP) females. However, we know relatively little about the exclusivity and spatial stability of these territories. We investigated diurnal home range behavior in several TPs and IPs of five common Caribbean parrotfish species on the fringing coral reefs of Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands. We computed parrotfish home ranges to investigate differences in space use and then quantified spatial overlap of home ranges between spatially co‐occurring TPs to investigate exclusivity. We also quantified the spatial overlap of home ranges estimated from repeat tracks of a few TPs to investigate their spatial stability. We then discussed these results in the context of parrotfish social behavior. Home range sizes differed significantly among species. Spatial overlap between home ranges was lower for intraspecific than interspecific pairs of TPs. Focal TPs frequently engaged in agonistic interactions with intraspecific parrotfish and interacted longest with intraspecific TP parrotfish. This behavior suggests that exclusionary agonistic interactions may contribute to the observed patterns of low spatial overlap between home ranges. The spatial overlap of home ranges estimated from repeated tracks of several TPs of three study species was high, suggesting that home ranges were spatially stable for at least 1 month. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that daytime parrotfish space use is constrained within fixed intraspecific territories in which territory holders have nearly exclusive access to resources. Grazing by parrotfishes maintains benthic reef substrates in early successional states that are conducive to coral larval settlement and recruitment. Behavioral constraints on parrotfish space use may drive spatial heterogeneity in grazing pressure and affect local patterns of benthic community assembly. A thorough understanding of the spatial ecology of parrotfishes is, therefore, necessary to elucidate their functional roles on coral reefs.
Water use characteristics of the artificial forests black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Zhu Haoyang , Li Hongyu , Wang Xiaolei , Jiang Ting , Sun Lin , Luo Yi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe broad leaf, deciduous black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and needle leaf, evergreen Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) are the major afforestation species on the Loess Plateau of China, accounting for 29.5% and 15.9% of the afforestation area, respectively. The decay of black locust and drying of the forest land soil in this region have caused serious concerns among scientific community and local management authorities. Understanding the hydrological characteristics of the afforestation plantation may provide clues for choosing proper species. However, previous studies demonstrated diverse or even contradictory understandings due to incomplete observations of the water balance. We used a model to reconstruct the water balance based on 5 years (2015–2019) of incomplete soil water and transpiration observations at the field for these two species. The R‐squares of linear regression analysis of simulated and observed soil water in black locust and Chinese pine plantations were 0.69 and 0.90, respectively; and transpiration was 0.62 and 0.69, respectively. Based on the reconstructed water balance components, we found that (1) black locust and Chinese pine had similar annual evapotranspiration in quantity. However, the Chinese pine transpired less and evaporated more water from the canopy than the black locust, with their ratios to the annual precipitation 50.7% and 69.7%, 26.3% and 17.2%, respectively; (2) the Chinese pine has higher evapotranspiration than the black locust in the non‐growing season, accounting for 19.5% and 9.2% of the annual evapotranspiration, respectively; and (3) the Chinese pine is more tolerable to soil water drought than black locust. The findings may suggest that the Chinese pine is a more favourable species for afforestation than the black locust from the point view of drought resistance in this region.
Advances in the blue‐green space evaluation index system
Authors: Xiangxiang Jiao , Zhimiao Zhao , Xiao Li , Zhufang Wang , Yinjiang Zhang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBlue‐green spaces have certain ecological, economic, and social benefits for urban development. Many evaluation index systems have been developed to evaluate the health status of urban ecosystems; however, blue and green spaces are separately evaluated without considering the synergistic effect between water and green spaces in the ecosystem, thus affecting the unified planning and construction of cities. Therefore, based on existing studies, the development process of the blue‐green space evaluation index system is divided into three stages: Supply service evaluation stage, adjustment service evaluation stage, and cultural service evaluation stage in order to deeply discuss the development path of the blue‐green space evaluation index system. The blue and green evaluation index systems are compared from the perspectives of index selection and evaluation content. Moreover, the characteristics of conventional evaluation methods are discussed in order to propose an applicable evaluation index system and evaluation method of blue‐green spaces for evaluating the degree of blue‐green integration of cities. The review provides the basis for urban planning and ecological restoration.
Woody debris dominates the exports of carbon and nitrogen from headwater streams in an alpine forest
Authors: Liang Ziyi , Zhuang Liyan , Yang Jiaping , Yang Fan , Yue Kai , Ni Xiangyin , Xu Zhenfeng , Wu Fuzhong , Li Han , Bol Roland 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe exports of carbon and nitrogen with water flowing in the headwater streams could be important components of material mitigation in forest ecosystems. Plant debris is a major source of dissolved organic matter for headwater streams, but few studies have investigated the differences between the impacts of woody debris and non‐woody debris inputs on headwater streams in terms of carbon and nitrogen exports. Here, we assessed the effects of plant debris (i.e., woody debris, non‐woody debris and mixed debris) on the concentrations and exports of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in the headwater streams of an alpine forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Woody and non‐woody debris only weakly affected the DOC and TDN concentrations in the headwater streams. Compared with those in the reference stream excluding plant debris, woody debris increased the exports of DOC and TDN by 19% and 13%, whereas non‐woody debris decreased the exports of DOC and TDN by 22% and 25%, respectively. However, when fall approached, the role of non‐woody debris reversed to enhance the stream‐water exports of DOC and TDN. The effect of non‐woody debris during the fall season differed from that during the overall growing season, indicating that restricting non‐woody debris inputs might improve the ability of the stream to retain forest carbon and nitrogen. Notwithstanding the relatively limited experimental period, this work revealed the critical importance of plant debris for carbon and nutrients within water conservation regions like alpine forests.
MicroRNA‐494 regulates high glucose‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Ning Shuwei , Zhang Siqi , Guo Zhikun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the major cardiovascular complications of diabetes. However, the mechanism of DCM is not fully understood. Studies have confirmed that certain microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are key regulators of DCM. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of microRNA (miR)‐494 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy induced by high glucose (HG).Methods and resultsBy establishing a rat DCM model and an HG‐treated H9c2 cells injury model, cardiac function was detected by echocardiography, myocardial tissue was stained by immunohistochemistry, and Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay were used to detect the cardiomyocyte injury. Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling staining, and western blotting was used to detect death and autophagy. The results showed that the expression level of miR‐494 was higher in the myocardial tissue of DCM rats and the myocardial cells of H9c2 treated with HG. Compared with the corresponding negative control groups, miR‐494 mimics enhanced HG‐induced apoptosis and autophagy, whereas miR‐494 inhibitors showed the opposite effect, corresponding PI3K, AKT, and mTOR phosphorylation level has changed.ConclusionsThese findings identify that miR‐494 could regulate cell apoptosis and autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, participating in the regulation of cardiomyocyte cell damage after HG. These findings provide new insights for the further study of the molecular mechanism and treatment of DCM.
CO2 emissions and growth: A bivariate bidimensional mean‐variance random effects model
Authors: Maruotti Antonello , Alaimo Di Loro Pierfrancesco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe introduce a bivariate bidimensional mixed‐effects regression model, motivated by the analysis of emission levels and growth on OECD countries from 1990 to 2018. The model is able to capture heterogeneity across countries and allows for a full association structure among outcomes, assuming a discrete distribution for the random terms with a possibly different number of support points in each univariate profile. We test the behavior of the proposed approach via a simulation study, considering several factors such as the number of observed units, times, and levels of heterogeneity in the data. Empirically, we define an extended version of the STIRPAT model where all model parameters, and not only the mean, vary according to a regression model. Our empirical findings provide evidence of heterogeneous behaviors across countries and suggest the need of a flexible approach to properly reflect the heterogeneity in both the emission levels and the growth processes.
A Bayesian change point modeling approach to identify local temperature changes related to urbanization
Authors: Berrett C. , Gurney B. , Arthur D. , Moon T. , Williams G. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChanges to the environment surrounding a temperature measuring station can cause local changes to the recorded temperature that deviate from regional temperature behavior. This phenomenon—often caused by construction or urbanization—occurs at a local level. If these local changes are assumed to represent regional or global processes it can have significant impacts on historical data analyses. These changes or deviations are generally gradual, but can be abrupt, and arise as construction or other environmental changes occur near a recording station. We propose a methodology to examine if changes in temperature behavior at a point in time exist at a local level at various locations in a region assuming that regional or global processes are correlated among nearby stations. Specifically, we propose a Bayesian change point model for spatio‐temporally dependent data where we select the number of change points at each location using a “forward” selection process using deviance information criterion. We then fit the selected version of the model and examine the linear slopes across time to quantify the local changes in long‐term temperature behavior. We show the utility of this model and method using both synthetic data and observed temperature measurements from eight stations in Utah consisting of daily temperature data for 60 years.
Wall‐diaphragm interactions in seismic response of building systems ii: Inelastic response and design
Authors: Fischer Astrid W. , Schafer Benjamin W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn elastic parametric study of simplified single‐ and multi‐story building models presented in a companion paper shows that seismic building response depends on the period(s) of the vertical lateral force resisting system (vLFRS), the period of the diaphragm (i.e. the horizontal LFRS, or hLFRS) and the mass distribution between the walls and floors. This paper extends the study to include the potential for inelasticity (ductility) in both the v‐ and hLFRS and examines the impact of this inelasticity on the building response. Increased ductility in the vLFRS reduces vLFRS forces, but to what extent are hLFRS (diaphragm) demands reduced? Similarly, ductile hLFRS presumably reduce hLFRS forces, but what about vLFRS forces? Past work has shown that hLFRS forces are difficult to predict. The building model responses indicate wall‐diaphragm interactions may occur between higher modes of the vertical system and the rigid diaphragms causing increased force demands. Ductility demands are observed to be driven by the element (wall or diaphragm) with the larger inelasticity. Significant ductility demands are observed for short period buildings. A simplified formula for an effective ductility seismic force response modification coefficient for the horizontal LFRS is proposed that considers force reductions from both the inelastic vertical and horizontal LFRS.
Reliability‐based partial factors for seismic design and assessment consistent with second‐generation Eurocode 8
Authors: Franchin Paolo , Noto Fabrizio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSecond‐generation Eurocode 8 introduces displacement‐based design alongside the traditional force‐based one with reduced equivalent forces; it provides resistance models needed to apply the approach to reinforced concrete, steel and composite frame or wall‐frame structures: chord rotation for members, and shear strength for members and joints; finally, it declares a target reliability level for near collapse. This paper discusses the formulation of partial factors to achieve a target reliability when using the displacement‐based approach. The factors are derived following a traditional, time‐invariant way of performing code‐calibration for other non‐seismic design situations, starting from the probability distributions for the seismic action effect and the resistance. It is shown that the problem can be simplified to one with two Lognormal variables, a uniform reliability can be achieved over the calibration space when both a load‐side and a resistance‐side factor are used, and constant sensitivity coefficients can be used, with values different from the original König and Hosser ones and reflecting the larger weight of the action‐related uncertainty in the seismic case. The problem with this otherwise good result is that a partial factor on the load side must be used and, further, that its value is site dependent. This approach is not in line with current European practice, thus a corrected site‐independent resistance‐side partial factor is proposed, which is compatible with the framework of Eurocode 8. As a further advantage, the proposed format coincides with that proposed in the second‐generation EN1990/EN1992 for the assessment of existing structures under non‐seismic design situations.
On the performance of uplink NOMA‐based satellite‐aerial‐terrestrial integrated networks
Authors: Yuan Zuxia , Ouyang Jian , Liu Xiaoyu , Kan Pengcheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, we study the performance for a satellite‐aerial‐terrestrial integrated network with imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC), where the combination of uplink non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology with beamforming (BF) scheme is implemented. First, to maximize the ergodic sum rate of the uplink NOMA‐based satellite network, a BF scheme is proposed with statistical channel state information. Then, assuming that the terrestrial‐UAV links undergo correlated Rayleigh fading and the UAV‐satellite link experiences correlated Shadowed‐Rician fading respectively, the derivation processes of the exact expressions are provided for our system sum rate and energy efficiency with imperfect SIC. Eventually, results together with simulation and analysis are given to validate the correctness of our study. In addition, our proposed scheme has superiority in system performance with comparison to the benchmark schemes.
Proof‐of‐concept of a novel structural equation modelling approach for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data applied to investigate individual differences in human pain responses
Authors: Stroman Patrick W. , Powers Jocelyn M. , Ioachim Gabriela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA novel network analysis method is demonstrated for applications with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The method is based on structural equation modeling (SEM) plus modeling of physiological responses in order to explain blood oxygenation‐level dependent (BOLD) responses across interconnected regions. The method, termed structural and physiological modeling (SAPM) aims to overcome a weakness of previous analysis methods by estimating both input and output signaling of every region of a network. The results also provide weighting factors (B) which describe the influence of each input signal to a region on its output signaling to another region. The SAPM method is demonstrated by applying it to fMRI data from the brainstem and spinal cord in 55 healthy participants undergoing repeated applications of a heat pain stimulation paradigm. Data are also analyzed using our established SEM method for comparison. The results with both methods indicate that individual differences in nociceptive processing are mediated by differences in descending regulation of spinal cord neurons under the influence of both the nucleus tractus solitarius and periaqueductal gray region. The SAPM results show that BOLD responses in the entire network can be explained during all periods of the stimulation paradigm based on two latent (unobserved) input signaling sources, and a model of the predicted BOLD responses to the heat stimulus. The results demonstrate the concept of our novel SAPM method and provide evidence for its validity. Additional studies are needed to further develop the method and its applications to investigations of complex neural processes across networks.
Establishment and validation of reference intervals for tumor markers (AFP, CEA, CA19‐9, CA15‐3, CA125, PSA, HE4, Cyfra 21‐1, and ProGRP) in primary care centers in Korea: A cross‐sectional retrospective study
Authors: Nah Eun‐Hee , Cho Seon , Park Hyeran , Kim Suyoung , Kwon Eunjoo , Cho Han‐Ik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe reference interval (RI) for a tumor marker may vary between populations, detection systems, and the methods used to obtain their values. The aims of this study were to establish age‐ and sex‐specific RIs for the following nine common tumor markers and to validate the established RIs in Korean adults: alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA) 19‐9, CA15‐3, CA125, Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), total prostate specific antigen, cytokeratin fragment (Cyfra) 21‐1, and progastrin‐releasing peptide (ProGRP).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study consecutively selected 214,159 individuals (aged 18–98 years) who underwent health checkups at 16 health‐promotion centers in 13 Korean cities. Finally, 62,752 examinees were used to establish the RIs after removing outliers. RIs were established using an indirect method according to the CLSI EP28‐A3C guideline. The established RIs were validated by calculating the proportion of individuals outside each RI.ResultsSex‐related differences were observed for AFP, CEA, CA19‐9, Cyfra 21‐1, and ProGRP (p < 0.05): AFP, CEA and Cyfra 21‐1 were higher in males, and CA19‐9 and proGRP were higher in females. Most of the tumor markers except CA15‐3 and CA125 increased with age: CA125 decreased at ≥50 years of age (p < 0.05), while CA15‐3 did not vary with age. Less than 5% of subjects were outside all RIs (the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) established in the present study. Meanwhile, less than 3% of the healthy reference subjects fell outside the current and manufacturers' RIs of all tumor markers except Cyfra 21‐1.ConclusionThis study has determined age‐ and sex‐specific RIs for nine common tumor markers in the healthy Korean population, which could be useful for clinicians making clinical decisions and assessments.
A readiness assessment of an Indonesian pilot project: Case study Kedungputri, a premium irrigation area, Central Java
Authors: Ariyanti Vicky 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModernization in irrigation has finally touched down in Indonesia with better efforts in technological advancement, institutional strengthening and human resource enhancement. The current project in Kedungputri has proven to hold the potential for modernization. This paper answers how ready the irrigation area status is for the modernization ideal. The ambitious project is performed on a premium irrigation area, an irrigation area with a reservoir as its water source, or in this case potential reservoir as the dam is still under construction. It is a strategic project, with its upstream Bener Dam constructed by the Government of Indonesia with financing of the World Bank's SIMURP (Strategic Irrigation Modernization and Urgent Rehabilitation Project). The analysis uses purposive sampling and qualitative methodology based on existing documents and evidence of the ongoing modernization project since 2019. This readiness status is based on five pillars of the Indonesian version of irrigation modernization. The findings show that the conditions of institutional arrangements have unique and significant impacts on the readiness status, which is covered under the soft components. We urge that modernization efforts should start with the soft components.
Using Google Trends to track the global interest in International Financial Reporting Standards: Evidence from big data
Authors: Zhang Yuqian 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis study proposes a novel method for identifying international accounting differences under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Using Google Trends data extracted between January 2014 and August 2022, it creates an index, the Global IFRS/IAS Search Index (GISI), which comprises the search activities of 121 jurisdictions for 45 IFRS accounting standards. To assess its relative validity, I classify Nobes' (1983) 14 jurisdictions in addition to 20 OECD countries. The cluster analysis demonstrates that the GISI is a viable alternative for analyzing international differences under IFRS. The results indicate that incorporating big data could be beneficial for examining global accounting issues.A judgmental international classification of financial reporting practices