bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distraction Versus Traction
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Rastogi Gaurav , Klein J.R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Industrial Age is over. Some argue that we are entering the Fourth Industrial Revolution, while others call it the Information Age or the Digital Age. It may be that the right name for our times is ‘The Distraction Age’. In 2011 the top six global companies, in market capitalisation, were dominated by oil companies; by the end of 2017 the top ten global companies by market cap had six companies that make money from distraction. Distraction is the new oil, and it is made more potent using algorithms that track the large volume of user data and trick the users into addiction. The sources of this distraction are pervasive, beginning with open offices, emails, social media, and, smartphones. This continuous distraction is corrosive to personal productivity as well as for the economy at large. There are, however, ways to reclaim the attention and increase the depth of engagement.
Destruction of Traditional Concepts
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Rastogi Gaurav , Klein J.R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The post-World War II globe is changing dramatically, and many traditional concepts are being destroyed and rebuilt. To address this destruction, we must first acknowledge its impact and symptoms. The chapter discusses four spheres of change: global politics, business, economics, and education. Global power patterns are shifting away from the ‘great’ powers to ‘leading economic’ powers, as each country deals with the return of national identities—like Donald Trump’s Make America Great Again (MAGA) and, conversely, the rise of non-state actors like global tech giants and information or trade monopolies like Amazon, Facebook, and Google. The rise of ‘hyphen-tech’ challenges every business to become digital, and business agility is valued over historical consistency. Economics is changing fast, as the growing income inequality and increased visibility of corporate excesses create pressure on capitalism to evolve. The world of education is also facing severe evolutionary pressures, with emphasis on lifelong and just-in-time learning.
Return on Education
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Rastogi Gaurav , Klein J.R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Just as education institutions must innovate on their roles as culture and value bearers for their societies, the future of work is evolving into an environment of continuous learning. The arc of future careers will not be a straight line but filled with dips and rises that will require learning how to deal with failures and periods of learning to stay relevant. Education institutions and companies must also adjust to this new world. As work requiring routine skills gets automated, workers must continue to learn new functional skills. Available learning courses required by rapidly changing demands must be built thoughtfully, deployed strategically, and, if needed, discarded immediately. Educational institutions have to adapt to the explosion in new learning technologies and methodologies on the one hand, and to the need for fast-paced digestion of real-world learning needs on the other. Whether redefined or developed, real-world education will have a significant impact on the future of humanity.
Keeping Sane in Insane Times
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Rastogi Gaurav , Klein J.R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
People have been candidates for burnout forever. The coronavirus crisis has exposed the lack of connection, variety, routine, and bookended days, and the inability to connect with personal and spiritual sources of energy that have been perennial problems. Because of the predominance of these problems, there are some salient solutions. Examination of them is not part of the common dialogue tools or methodologies and they are seldom systematically explored at great length. This nuanced conversation deals with building routines and identifying sources and methods of personal energy. It explores the value of introspection or meditation as a mind cleaner and the delicate topic of personal belief systems and spirituality.
The Failure Gym
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Rastogi Gaurav , Klein J.R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
What is the role of failure on the road to success? Companies that try too hard to avoid failing inevitably crash and burn. Adopting a positive attitude towards work and failure allows us to make the most of opportunities. The valid proposition is that companies think of the workplace as a ‘failure gym’. Just as people go to the gym to build muscle tone and strength, new thinking uses the power to fail as a way of building our strength. Relevant examples are Jack Ma, Elon Musk, and Jeff Bezos, who exhibit the ability to control continuous failure until they succeed. This will require a cultural change, with new heroes and new losers. Leaders and workers have to learn to find meaning in quality work without regard to the outcomes. Learning is a process, and a successful outcome requires more than just individual initiative. This is what the Stoics have practised for millennia.
Computers Were Once People
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Rastogi Gaurav , Klein J.R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Throughout human history, humans have counted on the digits of their hands. When astronomers calculated the next eclipse or the arrival of a comet, the calculations were done with the heads helped by hands, log tables, and slide rules. As the need for solutions became more multifaceted and complex, the human mind created machines that could do simple computations. Humans could no longer handle all the data, the computational flexibility, and the precision required for calculation. As they did before, to manage tasks more efficiently or to carry out undoable tasks, non-human machines were invented to solve problems. As machines have become more common, technology has changed our perspective on being human. The challenge in thinking is to redefine humanity’s role in a world where machines are becoming more humanlike.
Control Junky or Chaos Monkey
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Rastogi Gaurav , Klein J.R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Leadership has become challenging in the Age of Destruction and Distraction. Time-tested concepts are being challenged, destroyed, and replaced by new thinking. The rise of new media has created new media stars and a different and direct way of communication. It allows instant connection with an open channel for communication both ways in full public glare. Old playbooks for success are getting replaced with new innovative ideas. Established companies are struggling to catch up with the growth rates of new innovative businesses. New forms of power are emerging with new engagement models, and new math is being used to value companies. New ways of engaging with users, buyers, and voters have made design thinking a buzzword. The future is not here, but the present is already past. The new axiom is that leaders must lead with belief rather than proof.
Leading with Spiritual Energy
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Rastogi Gaurav , Klein J.R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
While some despair of the dystopia that technology will unleash, others believe that technology will finally provide time to pay attention to things that matter. In the Age of Destruction and Distraction, the new vision of corporate leaders with external and internal sensibilities will function as a kind of yogi and represent hope for the future of humanity. This ‘yogi’ at work is a warrior-monk, unafraid to take on new risks and unyielding in the face of continuous disruption. These leaders are interested in honing the superpower of staying focused at work for long periods without getting distracted. In these leaders is a heightened sensitivity able to connect to the work and the ecosystem of colleagues to provide purpose and energy. The ‘corporate yogi’ may be the future of human work.
Balladeers and Thinkers
Authors: Joshi Mahesh , Rastogi Gaurav , Klein J.R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Disruptions and distractions become the two-edged sword of change. At first blush, it seems to be the destruction of worlds in its relentless onslaught of attention-capturing additions. Companies and institutions that have been the bastions of culture, society, and civilisation are drowning in the flood of technology. Highly revered legacy ideas and traditions long considered the fundamental foundation of success have crumbled, becoming irrelevant and many times barriers. Every sector must deal with the annihilation of business models that thrived in stable times and must struggle with traditional thinking to cope with new math and tectonic shifts in business, health, education, and government.
Life in Groups
Authors: Gilbert Margaret 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Life in Groups: How We Think, Feel, and Act Together comprises thirteen essays by the author relating to human life in groups, together with a substantial introduction and concluding discussion. The essays continue the development and application of the author’s perspective on collective beliefs, emotions, and actions, arguing that these and other central social phenomena are grounded in a joint commitment of the parties. This commitment unifies them, guides their actions going forward, and determines their relations to one another in important ways. In particular, it grounds in each of the parties a set of rights and obligations of a particular kind. The introduction serves both to introduce joint commitment to those unfamiliar with it and to advance discussion in light of questions that have been raised. Several of the essays respond to comments on particular aspects of the author’s work. These include an essay that addresses some central questions about a joint commitment approach to the problem of political obligation
Joint Commitment and Group Belief
Authors: Gilbert Margaret 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter responds to a range of questions posed by sociologist Annette Schnabel with respect to the author’s joint commitment account of group belief along with other aspects of group life. Some questions concern the contrast between joint commitment and personal commitment, the contexts in which joint commitments are likely to develop, and how they can facilitate human interaction in the case of problematic structures of inclinations such as a “prisoner’s dilemma.” Other questions concern the mechanisms that lead people to conform to their joint commitments, and the relationship between the beliefs and preferences of groups to those of individuals.
Corporate Misbehavior and Collective Values
Authors: Gilbert Margaret 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
When corporate executives act in morally unacceptable ways, is it a matter of a few “bad apples” or is there some other, or some additional, explanation? It is plausible to suggest that collective values are important components of corporate life and must be considered in examining morally unacceptable behavior within corporations. This chapter argues for a particular interpretation of collective values, understood as collective value judgments, and against an account that might at first seem appropriate. It is then argued that collective values as understood here are apt to induce people to abstain from speaking out in an active effort to counter them. Some practical consequences for corporations and those concerned with them are sketched.
Giving Claim-Rights Their Due
Authors: Gilbert Margaret 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Claims, or claim-rights, have been deemed “rights in the strictest sense,” but their nature remains in dispute. The chapter starts with discussion of the approach of contemporary rights theorists, who have been inspired by a particular observation of legal theorist Wesley Hohfeld. Turning to further remarks of Hohfeld that have not received significant attention, it proposes an account of claim-rights such that the claim-right holder has the standing to demand the object of the right. Seeking a ground for claim-rights as now understood, it argues that joint commitment is such a ground. It then briefly argues that it may be their only ground, and considers the implications of that idea, noting among other things that it is consistent with the point that people have claim-rights against each other as the result of an interpersonal agreement, and in other familiar social contexts.
The Value Added by Academic Values
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The immense foreign demand for American higher education talent is influenced by the cache of U.S. higher education—a “commodity” so alluring that non-U.S. nationals are willing to pay a premium for it. What makes U.S. higher education so attractive is a system of normative values that enhances its marketability. This is the essence of the “American value proposition.” The passages that follow elaborate on the American value proposition—what it means, what factors influence it, and how it strengthens foreign demand for U.S. higher education. In addition, the passages discuss what distinguishes an academic culture from a business culture, and why academic institutions should be preferred over business institutions in providing higher education services abroad.
Beyond Study Abroad: International Higher Education Services
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter lays the foundation for what follows in the book. Its relevance to the central thesis is two-fold: first, to understand how to bridge the gap between the abundance of American higher education talent and the immense foreign demand for it, one must first grasp the nature of the services that this talent can provide. The chapter describes these services. Second, to understand what fundamental reforms in the structure and governance of traditional American colleges and universities are needed, one must first grasp the prototypical structure and governance of these institutions. The chapter sets forth such a prototype. The chapter begins by explaining what is meant by “international higher education services.” The term goes well beyond study abroad.
Global Markets beyond the Horizon: Part I
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter turns to the international side of the Great Chasm (i.e., the “demand side”). Herein arises the immense foreign demand for American higher education talent. This demand has been strengthened by the expansion of the world economy in the New Millennium. It has been shaped by the pressing need, in emerging markets, to forge an educated workforce, train professionals, and build institutions that can contribute to the economic, social, and political well-being of the nation. The first part lays the groundwork for the passages that proceed. It elaborates on the following ideas: As a result of tighter U.S. visa restrictions and rising anti-immigrant sentiment, the door to a massive influx of foreign students in the United States has been all but shut. This limitation adds weight to the proposition that if all the world cannot come to America for higher education, then why not take American higher education to all the world? The second part purports to convey a sense of the enormity of international markets for higher education. It explains that by tapping these markets, U.S. colleges and universities can enhance their financial viability. At the same time, they can serve the educational needs of non-U.S. nationals, solidify the economic substructure of U.S. higher education, and strengthen the critical role that America plays, or should play, globally in the realm of ideas.
Institutional Barriers to International Expansion
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Great Chasm creates opportunities for U.S. academic institutions to extend their global reach for the benefit of both themselves and non-U.S. nationals who value their services. Hence, it would seem logical for them to do so. Bridging the Great Chasm, however, is not an easy feat for the vast majority of American colleges and universities. It is complicated by a multitude of factors, including a traditional culture that is averse to commercialization, an organizational structure that is operationally slow, and a system of governance that often leads to indecision, conflict, and paralysis. In a highly competitive, rapidly changing economic environment, these factors often work to the detriment of American academic institutions. This chapter explores why they stand in the way of international expansion, and what it would take to remove them.
How to Bridge the Great Chasm
Authors: Joseph Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
What are the practicalities of going global? What are the mechanics? What are the inherent risks? This chapter discusses (1) preconditions that must be met before an institution can successfully go global, (2) collaborative arrangements that can facilitate the endeavor, (3) the pitfalls of some of these arrangements, and (4) how they can be managed through quality controls. The chapter also discusses ways to finance the venture, the outsourcing of operational tasks, and the delivery of higher education services online. It offers “nuts-and-bolts” advice on how to bridge the gap between the abundance of U.S. higher education talent and the immense foreign demand for it.
Evidence-based policymaking
Authors: Boswell John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChapter 3 examines the pursuit of evidence-based policymaking on public funding of bariatric surgery in England and Wales via the original ‘what works centre’, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). Drawing on a mix of policy documents and semi-structured interviews, I chart a growing disconnect between avowedly evidence-based guidelines for this treatment to tackle obesity and clinical practice. Instead of deriding this as a failure of EBPM, I argue that the ongoing contest over the nature and meaning of the evidence is itself generative: this contest enables NICE officials (and allies in the ‘bariatric community’) to promote surgical procedures just as it allows sceptical clinicians and public health experts to push back and make the case for alternative treatments and population-level interventions. I link these insights to emerging scholarship in science and technology studies and interpretive policy analysis to provide a more nuanced account of ‘what works’ for EBPM in practice.
Collaboration
Authors: Boswell John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChapter 5 examines the pursuit of joined-up governance in mitigating the harms of alcohol consumption. Drawing on interview material, I map the cyclical rise and fall of collaboration amid an embittered political debate and complex administrative terrain. I argue that the perennial appeal of collaboration helps actors to forge (and undermine) alliances in pursuit of their preferred outcomes in the face of siloed disjunctures and mutual distrust. I link these insights to ideas about policy learning, boundary spanners and governmentality to further understandings of what makes collaboration ‘work’ even as it fails.
Conclusion
Authors: Boswell John 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe conclusion in Chapter 8 brings these threads together to articulate a nuanced, novel and provocative defence of apparently magical thinking in administration and policymaking. My argument here begins by consolidating and reiterating the perfectly rational explanations for why actors cling to naïve ideals for better policymaking that emerge in the forerunning chapters. In this sense, I repeat and clarify here an account of reflective practice in policy work. I show that continuing to appeal to these ideals allows policy actors to justify action (in the face of uncertainty), advance simple claims (in the face of complexity) and, most importantly, channel advocacy and sustain buy-in (in the face of clashing values and interests). The final, procedural benefit is most important because it also lays the bedrock of the stronger, normative argument I make on the back of these empirical findings, based on the theory of deliberative democracy. I argue that this procedural value enables the core democratic norm of reciprocity, understood as common ground in policy debate. In this sense, the shared commitment to these ideals enables publicity, making powerful actors more accountable, and inclusion, allowing lesser resourced actors greater access to and influence over policy work. I conclude by assessing the implications of this argument for the scholarship and practice around apparently ‘naïve’ ideals to improve policymaking in cynical times.
Energy Market Design with Capacity Mechanisms
Authors: Perner Jens , Riechmann Christoph , Street Sam , Balachandar Vikram 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the challenges of the energy-only market, in particular with increasing shares of (subsidized) renewable plant capacity, and considers the circumstances under which intervention in the form of a capacity market may be appropriate. The ‘energy-only’ market, which rewards power plants (and demand-side response providers) for the MWh they produce, is the bedrock of EU internal electricity market design. It can, in principle, ensure the right balance between the additional cost of capacity and reliability of electricity supplies. However, its ability to do so rests in large part on investors in capacity being able to trust that they will be able to profit from high wholesale prices during times of scarcity. In practice, several market failures, compounded by policy and regulatory uncertainty, may prevent this from happening, resulting in less than the optimal level of reliability being delivered. These concerns have led several EU Member States to provide additional remuneration via capacity mechanisms, to ensure the optimal level of reliability. These have predominantly been used to support existing fossil fuel and hydro generation capacity. However, as the electricity sector transitions towards Net Zero, designs will need to adapt to accommodate other forms of capacity, including RES, demand-side response, and new forms of storage.
The Antitrust Perspective to Capacity Mechanisms
Authors: de Hauteclocque Adrien , Sadowska Małgorzata 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter aims to analyse potential antitrust abuses arising in the context of capacity mechanisms. It classifies them according to capacity mechanism types, and then selects two types of these abuses (auctions and transmission system operator (TSO) practices) to discuss the effectiveness of antitrust rules. It focuses on the issues that could reasonably be tackled under Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (cartels and coordinated practices), Article 102 TFEU (the abuse of a dominant position), and parallel national provisions. The chapter concludes that certain types of capacity mechanisms might be more prone to anticompetitive behaviour than others. The choice of a specific capacity mechanism type should take into account the pre-existing market structure, national enforcement framework and powers of energy regulators, as well as competition and financial authorities.
Free Movement of Goods in the Labyrinth of Energy Policy and Capacity Mechanisms
Authors: Oliver Peter , Huhta Kaisa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter 11 focuses on capacity mechanisms under the EU rules on free movement of goods. The chapter explains why electricity is considered to be goods in the context of EU free movement law and explores the relationship between state aid and free movement. Through an analysis of the relevant case law from the Court of Justice of the European Union, the chapter explains the conditions under which the free movement of goods can be restricted and examines how these rules function in the context of generation adequacy. Finally, the chapter demonstrates how the harmonization of capacity mechanisms in the Clean Energy for All Europeans -package affects the application of the free movement rules and shows how the principle of energy solidarity plays out in the internal market context.