bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and molecular characterization of puparia of Piophilidae species of forensic relevance
Authors: Giordani Giorgia , Tuccia Fabiola , Martín‐Vega Daniel , Angell Chris S. , Pradelli Jennifer , Vanin Stefano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPiophilidae are a small family of Diptera with a worldwide distribution and which are historically associated with human activities. In addition to their economic importance, piophilid larvae can also be of medical and legal relevance. Within a medicolegal context, piophilids are frequently associated with cadavers in advanced stages of decomposition, thus being potentially useful forensic indicators and they have been reported also from archaeo‐funerary contexts. An accurate species identification is therefore an essential prerequisite to ensure the reliable analysis of insect material in medical, forensic and archaeological investigations. Identification of the adult piophilid flies is possible because of the availability of identification keys, in contrast immature insects, especially puparia, have been poorly investigated and described. In this paper, puparia of 11 species of forensic interest (Piophila casei, Piophila megastigmata, Parapiophila atrifrons, Parapiophila flavipes, Parapiophila vulgaris, Protopiophila litigata, Liopiophila varipes, Prochyliza nigrimana, Prochyliza xanthosoma and Stearibia nigriceps in subtribe Piophilina and Centrophlebomyia furcata in subtribe Thyreophorina) are described and a molecular analysis, based on the COI sequencing, is presented to show the potential of the molecular approach in their identification.
Molecular characterization of anopheline mosquitoes from the goat malaria‐endemic areas of Thailand
Authors: Nguyen Anh Hoang Lan , Nugraheni Yudhi Ratna , Nguyen Trang Thuy , Aung Aung , Narapakdeesakul Duriyang , Kaewlamun Winai , Asada Masahito , Kaewthamasorn Morakot 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite the fact that over a 100 anopheline mosquito species have been identified as human malaria vectors, little is known about ungulate malaria vectors. Consequently, we focused on investigating the bionomics and genetic characterizations of anopheline mosquitoes in goat malaria‐endemic regions. We also attempted to screen for ungulate malaria potential vectors. A total of 1019 female anopheline mosquitoes were collected from six goat farms in four provinces of Thailand from 2020 to 2021. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified and subsequently confirmed using the mitochondrial DNA barcoding region‐cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (MtDNA‐COI), mitochondrial DNA‐cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MtDNA‐COII), and ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (rDNA‐ITS2) sequences. The current study reveals the genetic characteristics and distribution of nine mosquito species within the Anopheles and Cellia subgenera. Four dominant species, including Anopheles peditaeniatus, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles vagus, and Anopheles aconitus exhibited significant intraspecific gene flow within their corresponding species. Although malaria parasites were not found in 126 mosquito pools, meaning more investigation is necessary, the current study adds to the existing DNA barcoding data collection and improves the current understanding of the genetic structure and distribution of anopheline mosquito species, which could be useful for effective control of mosquito‐borne diseases.
Evolutionary dynamics of sex‐biased gene expression in a young XY system: insights from the brown alga genus Fucus
Authors: Hatchett William J. , Jueterbock Alexander O. , Kopp Martina , Coyer James A. , Coelho Susana M. , Hoarau Galice , Lipinska Agnieszka P. 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Sex‐biased gene expression is considered to be an underlying cause of sexually dimorphic traits. Although the nature and degree of sex‐biased expression have been well documented in several animal and plant systems, far less is known about the evolution of sex‐biased genes in more distant eukaryotic groups.

Here, we investigate sex‐biased gene expression in two brown algal dioecious species, Fucus serratus and Fucus vesiculosus, where male heterogamety (XX/XY) has recently emerged.

We find that in contrast to evolutionary distant plant and animal lineages, male‐biased genes do not experience high turnover rates, but instead reveal remarkable conservation of bias and expression levels between the two species, suggesting their importance in sexual differentiation. Genes with consistent male bias were enriched in functions related to gamete production, along with sperm competition and include three flagellar proteins under positive selection.

We present one of the first reports, outside of the animal kingdom, showing that male‐biased genes display accelerated rates of coding sequence evolution compared with female‐biased or unbiased genes. Our results imply that evolutionary forces affect male and female sex‐biased genes differently on structural and regulatory levels, resulting in unique properties of differentially expressed transcripts during reproductive development in Fucus algae.
Central and peripheral choroidal thickness and eye length changes during accommodation
Authors: Kaphle Dinesh , Schmid Katrina L. , Suheimat Marwan , Read Scott A. , Atchison David A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeEye length increases during accommodation, both on‐axis and in the periphery. The aim of this study was to determine whether the peripheral choroid thins with accommodation and to determine the relationship with eye length changes measured at the same location.MethodsSubjects included 53 young adults in good ocular and general health, with 19 emmetropes and 34 myopes. Measurements from the right eye were made for 0 D and 6 D accommodation stimuli for ±30° horizontal visual field/retinal locations in 10° steps. Valid eye length and choroidal thickness measurements were obtained for 37 and 47 participants, respectively, and both measures were taken for 31 participants. 2.5% phenylephrine was instilled to dilate the pupils. Participants turned their eyes, without head movement, to fixate targets and to make the target ‘as clear as possible’ during measurements. Correction was made for the influence of lens thickness changing at different peripheral angles. Choroidal thickness was measured with a spectral‐domain‐Optical Coherence Tomographer. For peripheral images, the internal cross target on the capture screen was moved from the centre to 17.25° nasal/temporal positions.ResultsIn accordance with previous literature, eye length increased with accommodation. The greatest change (mean ± SD) of 41 ± 17 μm occurred at the centre, with a mean change across the locations of 33 μm. There were no significant differences between emmetropes and myopes. Choroidal thickness decreased with accommodation, with changes being about two‐thirds of those occurring for eye length. The greatest change of −30 ± 1 μm occurred at the centre, with a mean change of −21 μm. Greater choroidal thinning occurred for myopes than for emmetropes (23 ± 11 vs. 17 ± 8 μm, p = 0.02).ConclusionsWith accommodation, eye length increased and the choroid thinned, at both central and peripheral positions. Choroidal thinning accounted for approximately 60% of the eye length increase across the horizontal ±30°.
Open Arthrolysis for Chronic Elbow Dislocation with Extremely Severe Stiffness in Children
Authors: Kang Chi , Liu Xin , Xiang Ming , Yang Jinsong , Xiao Yuan , Ren Bo , Xie Liwei , Zhao Renhuan , Chen Wei , Deng Zhiqiang , Ye Jiajun , Zhou Ying , Sun Qiang 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveStudies on extremely severe elbow stiffness after chronic dislocation in children are scarce. This study aims to investigate the choice of surgical treatment modalities and to analyze their treatment efficacy in children with chronic elbow dislocation with extremely severe periarticular stiffness.MethodsData of 21 children with chronic elbow dislocation with extremely severe periarticular stiffness diagnosed and treated in our department between February 2015 and February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty boys and one girl were included in the study, their mean age was 11 ± 2.5 years, and they had concomitant distal humerus fractures. For the treatment protocol, all children with extremely severe elbow stiffness were treated with open arthrolysis, and elbow joint stability was intraoperatively assessed. All children performed passive functional exercises the day after surgery. The elbow flexion and extension angles, range of motion (ROM), and Mayo score were evaluated preoperatively and at the final follow‐up.ResultsOf the 21 children, only one had recurrent severe stiffness of the elbow joint after surgery; nevertheless, the function was still improved compared with that before surgery. Preoperatively, the mean elbow extension and flexion angles were 72.2° ± 12.7° and 93.6° ± 11.1°, respectively, and the range of motion (ROM) of the elbow joint was 17.8° ± 8.3°. At the final follow‐up, the mean elbow extension and flexion angles were 22.7° ± 18.6° and 118.8° ± 15.4°, respectively, and the elbow joint ROM was 96.1° ± 17.4°. The differences in the preoperative and postoperative ROMs, flexion angles, and extension angles of the elbow joint were significant (p < 0.01). The MEPS at the final follow‐up was 78.57 ± 14.24, which was significantly higher than preoperative (29.76 ± 10.89), and the excellent rate was 81%.ConclusionOpen arthrolysis and open reduction and internal fixation of the elbow joint are effective in treating chronic elbow dislocation with extremely severe stiffness in children.
Finite Element Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Internal Fixation for Treatment of Proximal Femoral Osteolytic Lesions in Children
Authors: Wang Yi‐chen , Yang Dan , Zhao Li‐hua , Xiao Bo , Ma Qi‐chao , Dong Liang‐chao , Li Xiang , Zhang Yu‐guo , Zhang Zi‐ming , Luo Yi 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesClinically, it is very difficult to prevent pathological fracture caused by high recurrence rate of osteolytic disease of proximal femur in children. At present, there is no consensus in clinical studies of which internal fixation method can significantly reduce the probability of recurrence of pathological fracture. The study aims to research the mechanical properties of different internal fixations in the treatment of osteolytic lesions of proximal femur in children by finite element analysis, and to find out the optimal treatment.MethodsBased on finite element analysis, the osteolytic disease models of the femoral neck and intertrochanter in a child (8‐year‐old, boy) were established respectively, and different internal fixation models (plate and titanium elastic intramedullary nails, TENs) were assembled. For the osteolytic lesion of the femoral neck: model A1 was assembled with a plate; model A2 with two TENs crossing the physis; model A3 with two TENs without crossing the physis. And for pertrochanteric osteolytic lesion: model B1 was assembled with a plate, model B2 with two TENs crossing the physis and model B3 with two TENs without crossing the physis. The Eccentric bearing load, torsional restraintal restraint of calcar femorale and composite load were analyzed for each models.ResultsWhen the yield strain of each model is reached, the stress concentration points are located in the proximal and distal femoral calcar. In the model of femoral neck lesions, the failure load of model A1 and model A2 are the same (1250 N), and the failure load of model A3 (980 N) is significantly lower than that of the former two; in the model of intertrochanteric lesions, the failure load of model B2 is the largest (1350 N), and the failure load of model B1 (1220 N) is lower than that of model B3 (1260 N), but both are smaller than that of model B2.ConclusionThrough finite element analysis, TENs through the epiphyseal plate, is found to be the better internal fixation method for femoral neck lesions and intertrochanteric lesions under two different working conditions. The results of clinical correlation study provide new biomechanical information for orthopedic doctors to consider different treatment options for osteolytic lesions of proximal femur.
Junctional Kyphosis after Correction with Long Instrumentation for Late Posttraumatic Thoracolumbar Kyphosis: Characteristics and Risk Factors
Authors: Pu Xiaojiang , Zhou Qingshuang , Xu Liang , Yu Yang , Liu Zhen , Qian Bangping , Wang Bin , Zhu Zezhang , Qiu Yong , Sun Xu 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveJunctional kyphosis is a common complication after corrective long spinal fusion for adult spinal deformity. Whereas there is still a paucity of data on junctional kyphosis, specifically among late posttraumatic thoracolumbar kyphosis (LPTK) patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and risk factors of junctional kyphosis in LPTK patients receiving long segmental instrumented fusion.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed a cohort of LPTK patients who had received long segmental instrumented fusion (>4 segments) in our center between January 2012 and January 2019. Radiographic assessments included the sagittal alignment, pelvic parameters, bone quality on CT images, and measurements of the cross‐sectional area (CSA, cross‐sectional area of muscle‐vertebral body ratio × 100) and fat saturation fraction (FSF, cross‐sectional area of fat‐muscle body ratio × 100) of paraspinal muscles. Patients in this study were divided into those with junctional kyphosis or failure (Group J) and those without (Group NJ) during follow‐up. Group J included patients with junctional kyphosis (Group JK) and patients with junctional failure (Group JF).ResultsA total of 65 patients (16 males and 49 females, average age 56.5 ± 23.4 years) were enrolled in this study. After (32.7 ± 8.5) months follow‐up, 15 patients (23.1%) experienced junctional kyphosis, and four of them deteriorated into junctional failure. Eighty percent (12/15) of junctional kyphosis was identified within 6 months after surgery. In comparison with Group NJ, Group J were older (P = 0.026), longer fusion levels (P < 0.001), greater thoracic kyphosis (P = 0.01), greater global kyphosis (P = 0.023), lower bone quality (P < 0.001), less CSA (P = 0.005) and higher FSF (P <0.001) of paraspinal muscles. Preoperative global kyphosis more than 48.5° (P = 0.001, odds ratio 1.793) and FSF more than 48.4 (P = 0.010, odds ratio 2.916) were identified as independent risk factors of junctional kyphosis. Based on the statistical differences among Group NJ, Group JK and Group JF (P < 0.001), Group JF had lower bone quality than Group NJ (P < 0.001) and Group JK (P = 0.015). In terms of patient‐reported outcomes, patients in Group JF had worse outcomes in ODI and VAS scores, and PCS and MCS of SF‐36 than Group NJ and group JKConclusionThe prevalence of junctional kyphosis was 23.1% in LPTK patients after long segmental instrumented fusion. Preoperative hyperkyphosis and advanced fatty degeneration of paraspinal muscles were independent risk factors of junctional kyphosis. Patients with lower bone quality were more likely to develop junctional failure.
SEMI‐ROLLED LEAF 10 stabilizes catalase isozyme B to regulate leaf morphology and thermotolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Xu Jing , Wang Li , Zhou Mengyu , Nian Jinqiang , Chen Minmin , Lu Xueli , Liu Xiong , Wang Zian , Cen Jiangsu , Liu Yiting , Zhang Zhihai , Zeng Dali , Hu Jiang , Zhu Li , Dong Guojun , Ren Deyong , Gao Zhenyu , Shen Lan , Zhang Qiang , Li Qing , Guo Longbiao , Yu Sibin , Qian Qian , Zhang Guangheng 
Published: January 2023

SummaryPlant architecture and stress tolerance play important roles in rice breeding. Specific leaf morphologies and ideal plant architecture can effectively improve both abiotic stress resistance and rice grain yield. However, the mechanism by which plants simultaneously regulate leaf morphogenesis and stress resistance remains elusive. Here, we report that SRL10, which encodes a double‐stranded RNA‐binding protein, regulates leaf morphology and thermotolerance in rice through alteration of microRNA biogenesis. The srl10 mutant had a semi‐rolled leaf phenotype and elevated sensitivity to high temperature. SRL10 directly interacted with catalase isozyme B (CATB), and the two proteins mutually increased one other's stability to enhance hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, thereby contributing to thermotolerance. The natural Hap3 (AGC) type of SRL10 allele was found to be present in the majority of aus rice accessions, and was identified as a thermotolerant allele under high temperature stress in both the field and the growth chamber. Moreover, the seed‐setting rate was 3.19 times higher and grain yield per plant was 1.68 times higher in near‐isogenic line (NIL) carrying Hap3 allele compared to plants carrying Hap1 allele under heat stress. Collectively, these results reveal a new locus of interest and define a novel SRL10–CATB based regulatory mechanism for developing cultivars with high temperature tolerance and stable yield. Furthermore, our findings provide a theoretical basis for simultaneous breeding for plant architecture and stress resistance.
CRISPR/Cas9‐targeted mutagenesis of TaDCL4, TaDCL5 and TaRDR6 induces male sterility in common wheat
Authors: Zhang Rongzhi , Zhang Shujuan , Li Jihu , Gao Jie , Song Guoqi , Li Wei , Geng Shuaifeng , Liu Cheng , Lin Yanxiang , Li Yulian , Li Genying 
Published: January 2023

SummaryPhased, small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are important for plant anther development, especially for male sterility. PhasiRNA biogenesis is dependent on genes like RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6), DICER‐LIKE 4 (DCL4), or DCL5 to produce 21‐ or 24 nucleotide (nt) double‐strand small RNAs. Here, we generated mutants of DCL4, DCL5 and RDR6 using CRISPR/Cas9 system and studied their effects on plant reproductive development and phasiRNA production in wheat. We found that RDR6 mutation caused sever consequence throughout plant development starting from seed germination and the dcl4 mutants grew weaker with thorough male sterility, while dcl5 plants developed normally but exhibited male sterility. Correspondingly, DCL4 and DCL5, respectively, specified 21‐ and 24‐nt phasiRNA biogenesis, while RDR6 contributed to both. Also, the three key genes evolved differently in wheat, with TaDCL5‐A/B becoming non‐functioning and TaRDR6‐A being lost after polyploidization. Furthermore, we found that PHAS genes (phasiRNA precursors) identified via phasiRNAs diverged rapidly among sub‐genomes of polyploid wheat. Despite no similarity being found among phasiRNAs of grasses, their targets were enriched for similar biological functions. In light of the important roles of phasiRNA pathways in gametophyte development, genetic dissection of the function of key genes may help generate male sterile lines suitable for hybrid wheat breeding.
Thermal optimum of photosynthesis is controlled by stomatal conductance and does not acclimate across an urban thermal gradient in six subtropical tree species
Authors: Kullberg Alyssa T. , Slot Martijn , Feeley Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractModelling the response of plants to climate change is limited by our incomplete understanding of the component processes of photosynthesis and their temperature responses within and among species. For ≥20 individuals, each of six common subtropical tree species occurring across steep urban thermal gradients in Miami, Florida, USA, we determined rates of net photosynthesis (Anet), maximum RuBP carboxylation, maximum RuBP regeneration and stomatal conductance, and modelled the optimum temperature (Topt) and process rate of each parameter to address two questions: (1) Do theToptofAnet(ToptA) and the maximumAnet(Aopt) of subtropical trees reflect acclimation to elevated growth temperatures? And (2) What limitsAnetin subtropical trees? Against expectations, we did not find significant acclimation ofToptA,Aopt or theToptof any of the underlying photosynthetic parameters to growth temperature in any of the focal species. Model selection for the single best predictor ofAnetboth across leaf temperatures and atToptArevealed that theAnetof most trees was best predicted by stomatal conductance. Our findings are in accord with those of previous studies, especially in the tropics, that have identified stomatal conductance to be the most important factor limitingAnet, rather than biochemical thermal responses.
Enhanced β‐glucosidase in Western flower thrips affects its interaction with the redox‐based strategies of kidney beans under elevated CO2
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Wang Yanhui , Liu Hui , Huang Xinyi , Qian Lei , Yang Baoqing , Xu Yujing , Chen Fajun 
Published: January 2023

Abstractβ‐Glucosidase is validated as an elicitor for early immune responses in plants and it was detected in the salivary glands of Frankliniella occidentalis in previous research. Seven differentially expressed genes encoding β‐glucosidase were obtained by comparing the transcriptomes of F. occidentalis adults grown under two different CO2 concentrations (800 vs. 400 ppm), which might be associated with the differences in the interaction between F. occidentalis adults and its host plant, Phaseolus vulgaris under different CO2 levels. To verify this speculation, changes in defense responses based on the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in P. vulgaris leaves treated with three levels of β‐glucosidase activity under ambient CO2 (aCO2) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) were measured in this study. According to the results, significantly higher levels of ROS were noticed under eCO2 compared to aCO2, which was caused by the increased β‐glucosidase activity in thrips due to increased cellulose content in P. vulgaris leaves under eCO2. Together with the lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in injured leaves under eCO2, P. vulgaris leaves would be negatively affected on redox‐based defense by eCO2, thus facilitating thrips damage under climate change.
Acne incidence in preadolescents and association with increased body mass index: A population‐based retrospective cohort study of 643 cases with age‐ and sex‐matched community controls
Authors: Rodriguez Baisi Katinna E. , Weaver Amy L. , Shakshouk Hadir , Tollefson Megha M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesLittle is known about acne incidence in preadolescents and its potential association with body mass index (BMI). Our study aims to determine acne incidence in preadolescents and its association with BMI.MethodsA population‐based retrospective cohort study identified 7‐ to ≤12 year‐olds with an initial acne diagnosis during 2010–2018, and incidence was calculated. Two age‐ and sex‐matched controls without acne were randomly selected per case, and BMI was recorded.ResultsA total of 643 acne patients were identified. Annual age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence rate was 58.0 per 10,000 person‐years, higher in females vs. males (89.2 vs. 28.2 per 10,000 person‐years, p < .001), and increased with age (4.3, 24.4, and 144.3 per 10,000 person‐years among 7–8, 9–10, and 11–12 year‐olds, respectively, p < .001). Systemic medication use was associated with increasing BMI (odds ratio = 1.43 per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, 95% CI 1.07–1.92, p = .015). Median BMI percentile was higher among acne cases vs. controls (75.0 vs. 65.0, p < .001), as was the proportion with BMI ≥95th percentile (16.7% vs. 12.2%, p = .01).ConclusionAcne incidence is higher in preadolescent girls than boys and increases with age. Preadolescents with acne are more likely to be obese than those without acne. Those with higher BMIs are more likely to be given systemic treatment.