bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Microalbuminuria, Creatinine, and Glomerular Filtration Rate between Sickle Cell Disease Patients and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Ismail Abazar Mahmoud , Abakar Adam Dawoud , Elkarsany Mubarak Elsaeed Mustafa , Almugadam Babiker Saad 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Sickle cell disease is related to many health issues (such as stroke, severe infections, and sickle cell crisis) and elevated risk of death. This study was aimed to investigate and compare microalbuminuria (MAU), creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and healthy individuals.

Methods:
A total of 156 cases and 156 control subjects were included. MAU, creatinine, GFR, and body mass index (BMI) were measured.

Results:
The estimated levels of MAU and creatinine were significantly higher in cases than controls, but the mean of BMI and GFR was significantly lower in cases than the control group. In patients of sickle cell disease, the mean MAU, GFR, creatinine, and BMI levels in females, rural area residents, and subjects aged 2–13 years were higher than controls, P < 0.05. MAU and GFR were also higher (P < 0.05) in males and subjects aged 14–25 years of study cases than controls.

Conclusion:
Accordingly, this study indicated the impact of SCD in MAU, creatinine, GFR, and BMI, which are significant in the diagnosis of nephropathy.
Detection, Clinical Features, and Laboratory Markers of H.pylori Infection in Individuals attended Kosti Teaching Hospital, Sudan
Authors: Azoz Mohammed Eltoum , Almugadam Babiker Saad , Ibrahim Omer Mohammed Ali , Ahmed Yousif Mousa Alobaid , Tayeb Amna Ahmed Al , Eshagg Noor Hussin , Hassan Roaa Azhari 
Published: August 2023

Background:

Helicobacter pylori infections are associated with significant morbidity. The study intended to screen H. pylori among symptomatic patients and assess the performance of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) test compared to stool Ag test as well as to investigate some clinical and hematology findings in H. pylori-seropositive persons.

Methods:
One hundred individuals with the clinical suspicion of infection by H. pylori and 100 control subjects matched for gender (χ
2 = 0.026, P = 0.873) and age groups (χ
2 = 5.303, P = 0.151) were recruited. Clinical assessment, endoscopy, anti-H. pylori IgG test, and stool for cagA Ag were performed to investigate H. pylori infection. White blood cells, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were also analyzed.

Results:
Vomiting and hematemesis were reported in 44% and 8% of the study group, respectively. Whereas, nausea, epigastric pain, and weight loss were observed in all (100%). Notably, gastritis and duodenal ulcer were detected in 100% and 80% of cases, respectively. Based on Immunochromatographic test (ICT), 75% and 78% of the study group were positive for anti-H. pylori Ab and cagA Ag of H. pylori, respectively. The odd of reported a positive result for H. pylori was less likely in females than males as determined by anti-H. pylori (odds ratio [OR]: 0.529, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.142–1.970, P: 0.343) and stool cagA Ag test (OR: 0.364, 95% CI: 0.087–1.532, P: 0.168). Compared to the cagA Ag test, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of anti-H. pylori test were 77.2%, 85.3%, 78.7%, 84.1%, and 81.9%, respectively. Interestingly, RBCs count, MCH, and Hb were significantly higher in the control compared to study cases, P < 0.05.

Conclusions:
Our results highlight the epidemiology of into H. pylori, assess the performance of anti H. pylori test compared to cagA Ag test, and demonstrate the direct link between some hematologic indices and H. pylori. Further studies are necessary to verify these findings.
Evaluation of Adnexal Masses – Correlation of Clinical and Radiologic Features with Histopathologic Findings
Authors: Dasgupta Senjuti , Mangal Srishtidhar , Naskar Kalyani 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Ovarian carcinoma is the seventh most common cause of carcinoma-induced deaths among women of the world. Adnexal masses often pose a diagnostic challenge to a treating physician. The aim of the present study was to find out the incidence of various categories of ovarian tumors and their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters among patients attending a tertiary care center of Eastern India. Another aim was the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings.

Methods:
A prospective, observational study was carried out for a period of 1 year. Female patients with adnexal masses were included in the study. Clinical, laboratory, and sonographic findings of each patient were recorded along with their histopathological reports.

Results:
The median age of 59 patients included in the study was 36 years. Most patients (32, 54.2%) were between 30 and 50 years of age. Thirty-six (61%) ovarian tumors were found to be benign and the rest (23, 39%) malignant. Surface epithelial tumors were the most common type (35, 59.3%), followed by germ cell tumors (11, 18.6%) and sex cord stromal tumors (9, 15.3%). A statistically significant association was noted between parity, menstrual status, laterality, size, gross appearance of tumor, and nature (benign/malignant) of the mass. Sensitivity (57%) and specificity (86%) of the clinical diagnosis were good, but diagnostic accuracy (88%) of sonographic findings was better. While serum CA125 level measurement had a diagnostic accuracy of 78%, the risk of malignancy index (RMI) 2 score, with an accuracy of 86%, has the potential to guide further management in a patient with adnexal mass.

Conclusion:
Increased incidence of malignancy was noted with postmenopause, nulliparity, bilaterality of tumors, and complex tumor morphology. All these risk factors were found to be statistically significant. RMI 2 score may be used routinely for diagnosis and guidance of further management of adnexal masses.
Biological Implications of Deletion P53 by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shetty Vijith Vittal , Arumugam Meenakshi , Shetty Reshma Arun , Kalal Akanksha Ashok , Kulkarni Nagaraj Venkatesh , Shetty Deyyenthody Prashanth 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell disorder characterized by heterogeneous complex genetic abnormalities. Due to the low proliferative index of plasma cells, conventional cytogenetic (CC) analysis is hampered in MM. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) along with CC enhances the sensitivity of detection. The study aims to investigate the diagnostic yield and prevalence of P53 deletion in patients with MM.

Materials and Methods:
Cytogenetic analysis and FISH were performed on 41 MM patients.

Results:
Our study showed that 55–65 years of age range among all individuals, predominantly affected by the disease. The cytogenetic analysis detected abnormal karyotype in 12% (5/41), normal karyotype in 66% (27/41), and culture failure in 22% (9/41). Abnormal karyotype showed numerical abnormalities such as hyperdiploidy 5% (n = 2) and hypodiploidy 7% (n = 3%). Chromosomes 5, 9, 11, and 21 were common gains among hyperdiploid cases. Chromosome 7, 17, 22 and Y were the common missing chromosome in hypodiploid cases. P53 gene deletion is a rare genetic event and difficult to identify using CC. FISH analysis of deletion 17p was detected in 15% (6/41). Out of six cases, two cases showed deletion of 17p region, three cases showed monosomy 17, and one case showed amplification signals for chromosome 17. Conclusion: CC along with FISH increases the rate of detection of abnormality in MM cases. P53 being less frequent is uncommon at initial diagnosis; increasing its incidence with advanced stage is considered one of the important prognostic factors in MM.
Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Detail Reproduction of Hydrophilic Polyvinylsiloxane Impression Material Tested under Dry and Moist Salivary Conditions
Authors: Nayyar Abhishek Singh 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction of impression materials play a major role in determining the extent to which indirectly produced prostheses and restorations have an acceptable fit. The purpose of the present study was to compare the dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction of hydrophilic polyvinylsiloxane (PVS) impression material tested under dry and moist salivary conditions.

Methods:
The study samples were assigned two groups based on the condition in which they were made. One group consisted of casts obtained from impressions made in dry condition (n = 12), while the other group consisted of casts obtained from impressions made in moist salivary conditions (n = 12). Impressions of the master model were made using hydrophilic PVS impression material by two-step putty-wash technique and working casts were obtained. Dimensional accuracy was measured by comparing the inter-abutment distance in each cast to the master model using a profile projector with an accuracy of 0.001 mm, while surface detail reproduction was evaluated using the American Dental Association specification No. 19 criteria of continuous replication of at least two of the three horizontal lines. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were calculated for both the groups. Differences from the master model were analyzed by paired t–test, while one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for intergroup comparisons. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
One-way ANOVA revealed a highly significant difference in the dimensional accuracy of impressions made under moist conditions as against those which were made under dry condition (P < 0.001). The percentage change in dimension of 0.6% in Group A casts and 0.3% in Group B casts, also, showed a high clinical significance. Under dry condition, the impression material satisfactorily replicated the surface details in 100% of the cases, while under moist conditions, only 58% of the impressions were found to be satisfactory.

Conclusion:
The presence of moisture caused a significant adverse impact on the dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction of hydrophilic PVS impression material underlying the clinical significance of moisture control for successful impressions.
Antimycobacterial Properties and Metabolite Profiling of Fish Gut-Associated Streptomyces sp. MCA2
Authors: Nekkanti Deepa Sudeeshna , Sasikumar Ushanandhini , Baskaran Abirami , Kaari Manigundan , Venugopal Gopikrishnan , Radhakrishnan Manikkam 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and other opportunistic diseases affecting the lungs are major threats concerning public health. These pathogens have gained resistance to the currently available drugs which has prompted the discovery of novel antibiotics to fight against such pathogenic organisms. With unique pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications, Actinobacteria are considered possessing rich source of natural products. Biodiscovery of actinobacterial metabolites depends on the identification and recovery from unexplored environments and effective assessment of their metabolites. Literature states that among various ecosystems, fish are promising yet understudied source.

Methods:
Potential strain was screened from 13 fish gut-associated actinobacterial strains for their antimycobacterial and antitubercular properties. Ideal fermentation methodology has opted for bioactive metabolite production. Optimization procedures, minimum inhibitory concentration determination, characterization studies, and metabolite profiling through gas chromatography mass spectrometry were performed.

Results:
Potential strain MCA2 was selected for their antagonistic activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis. Bioactive metabolite of potential strain was produced through agar surface fermentation and extracted using ethyl acetate. Antitubercular activity was confirmed by >50% reduction in relative light unit against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The potential strain MCA2 was identified as Streptomyces sp. based on its phenotypic characteristics.

Conclusion:
The outcome of this study outlined the antimycobacterial potential of isolated fish gut-associated Streptomyces sp. strain confirming that fish guts are promising sources for isolating metabolites active against tuberculosis and other nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases.
Dynamic Scoring of Appetite Predicts Inpatient Survival in Patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Jaleel Rajeeb , Sharma Anand , Selvaraj Vimala , Aaron Rekha , Muliyil Jayaprakash , Vijayalekshmi Balakrishnan , Balasubramanian Kunnisery Ananthsubramanian , Antonisamy Balavendra , Goel Ashish , Zachariah Uday George , Eapen Chundamannil Eapen 
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim:
Decreased appetite is common in patients with liver disease and may be mediated by inflammatory cytokines. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with raised inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate appetite scoring as a predictor of inhospital survival in patients with ACLF.

Methods:
In a prospective observational study, consecutive hospitalized patients with ACLF were recruited. Appetite was assessed daily using Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). The total SNAQ score ranged from 4 to 20, and a change in SNAQ score ≥1 was considered significant. Patients received standard medical care. Outcome was defined as good when patient was discharged in a stable condition and as poor if patient died or was discharged in terminal state.

Results:
Seventy-five ACLF patients (mean age 44 years; 66 males) were recruited. The median length of hospital stay was 5 (range: 1–20) days. Outcome was good in 50 and poor in 25 patients. Patients with good outcome had higher Day 1 SNAQ score (median: 12, range: 7–16) than patients with poor outcome (median: 10, range: 5–16) (P < 0.001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve to predict poor outcome was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–0.86) for Day 1 SNAQ score and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82–0.98) for SNAQ δ. When divided into tertiles based on Day 1 SNAQ score, the outcome was good for all patients whose appetite improved and poor for all patients whose appetite worsened on Day 3.

Conclusion:
Appetite (SNAQ) scores on Day 1 and change on Day 3 predict inhospital survival in ACLF patients. SNAQ is a simple bedside tool which may help in guiding therapeutic decisions in ACLF patients. Further larger studies are required to validate these findings.
The Early Experience of a Novel Robotic Platform: A Pilot Study
Authors: Peteinaris Angelis , Tatanis Vasileios , Vagionis Athanasios , Pagonis Konstantinos , Natsos Anastasios , Obaidat Mohammed , Faitatziadis Solon , Anaplioti Eirini , Gkeka Kristiana , Michalopoulos Fotios , Vrettos Theofanis , Liatsikos Evangelos , Kallidonis Panagiotis 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Robotic platforms have been gradually adopted in the current surgical status quo. The aim of the pilot study is the presentation of our initial experience, using the newly introduced avatera robotic system.

Methods:
Two patients were included in the current study. One male patient underwent a robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and one female patient underwent a right radical nephrectomy.

Results:
Both of the surgeries were completed successfully, without major complications. The mean operative time was calculated to be 174 min.

Conclusion:
Radical procedures can be safely and effectively conducted, using the avatera robot platform.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Factors Determining the Current Practice of Prostate Biopsy among Government and Private Urologists in Malaysia
Authors: Jagwani Arvind Vashdev , Fairuz M. S. Mohammad , Yusof M. R. , Lee Fei Yee , Illias Aizat Sabri , Lee C. K. S. , Fahmy Omar , Asri M. G. Khairul 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Prostate Biopsy remains a gold standard among urologist to diagnose prostate cancer. It is a field that is undergoing massive change. Our study allows us to have a glimpse into the current practice of prostate biopsies in Malaysia and would allow us to make improvements in the right direction.

Methods:
A 34 set multiple choice question was created using a web based programme and posed to all doctors in the Urology Field under the Malaysia Urological Association. The questions targeted various aspects of the practice of prostate biopsies. Data’s were then collected and analysed using a validated statistical manner.

Results:
94 responses were returned with a standard deviation of 18.15.

Conclusion:
This study provides an insight into the current practice of prostate biopsy among members of the Malaysian Urological Association (MUA). Although TRUS biopsy without additional imaging was still the most typical approach, MRI and TPT biopsy were commonly used. These two diagnostic methods are likely to increase in the future. Quinolone prophylaxis was widely used, but selective use of prophylactic carbapenems was also common, indicating concerns about quinolone-resistant pathogens and their infectious complications.
Early small bowel obstruction following abdominal wall hernia repair: Report of four cases and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Martínez-Hoed Jesús , Ortiz-Cubero José Ángel , Montagné-Bonilla Nicole , Bueno-Lledó José A , Pous-Serrano Salvador 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

CONTEXT:
Early small bowel obstruction (ESBO) is a recognized condition, but its treatment remains poorly defined. Conservative management may be attempted during abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR), but this approach can result in complications such as intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Considering recent cases, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and screened our database for diagnoses and treatments.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective review of our database from 2018 to 2022, searching for cases of ESBO following hernia repair. We also included international literature in English and Spanish, according to PRISMA criteria, from 2010 to 2022, using the keywords “intestinal obstruction” and “hernia repair.”

RESULTS:
We identified four cases in total, with three involving incisional hernias and one involving a parastomal hernia. ESBO developed in a mean of 6 days due to adhesions. Emergency surgery was required in three cases due to IAH, which was resolved with an open abdomen. One patient died, and only two patients ultimately underwent hernia repair. In our systematic review, we found 26 articles describing 54 patients with ESBO, mostly due to adhesions following laparoendoscopic inguinal repairs. Obstruction occurred on average within 6.7 days, and 65% of patients were treated with surgery, with no mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
ESBO following AWRs can result in severe complications, with adhesions being the most common cause and surgical re-intervention being frequent. Our cases revealed that difficulty in expanding the abdomen during ESBO after AWR may trigger postoperative IAH, which has not been described in the literature and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.
The use of intraoperative fascial traction in W3-incisional hernia repair: A revolution or an emergency exit (two case reports)
Authors: Gorjanc Jurij , Dreschl Christiane , Trieb Sigrid , Greiner Maria , Grün Andreas , Zanchi Pero , Kuschnig Manfred , Müller May Cathleen , Engels Alexander , Tschmelitsch Jörg 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the modern era of tension-free hernia repairs, any tissue tension seems to be counterproductive. It was believed to cause tissue damage, hemorrhage, and chronic pain, and lead to higher early or late recurrence rates. Surprisingly, recently published data on intraoperative fascial traction do not confirm this harmful effect of tissue tension in the cases of sufficiently wide mesh augmentation. On the contrary, the traction was reported to be beneficial in order to approximate large hernia defects and at the same time avoid the wide tissue preparation of component separation (CS) techniques. Below is presented our initial and positive experience regarding this after intraoperative fascial traction was used in two patients, each of them with a large incisional hernia (W3). Without intraoperative traction, the linea alba could not have been approximated in patient 1 without CS, and a large bridging of the linea alba would have been necessary in patient 2. The duration of hospitalization in both patients was short and there were no negative long-term results. It seems that intraoperative fascial traction facilitates the closure of hernia defects. It can serve as a useful adjunct tool in the surgery of large midline incisional hernias (W3) in the future. However, more data are needed to better evaluate this method.
A rare case of a concomitant inguinal and obturator hernia and their laparoscopic transabdominal repair: A case report
Authors: Pillay Yagan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
An obturator hernia remains a rare occurrence and accounts for less than 1% of all abdominal wall hernias. To have a concomitant presentation with a direct inguinal hernia makes this an extremely rare case report. This patient did not fit the usual epidemiological profile of an elderly female with small intestinal obstruction. This was a male patient with an asymptomatic obturator hernia. There are no concise guidelines for obturator hernia management and the primary repair is often undertaken in the presence of bowel incarceration or strangulation. The use of overlapping mesh herniorrhaphy is a controversial one. Two self-gripping polypropylene meshes with a 2-cm overlap were used to provide adequate coverage of the two hernial necks. We did not have access to a large-size mesh at our institution to cover both hernial defects effectively with one mesh. The patient made an uneventful recovery, and it is our intent to follow this patient for a minimum of 2 years to document any hernia recurrence or inguinodynia. Any clinical signs of pain or discomfort will necessitate a computerised tomography scan as an obturator hernia remains difficult to assess clinically.