bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritage language socialization at work: Spanish in Miami
Authors: Lynch Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, the increasingly blurred boundaries between work, home, and various other spheres of social life have brought greater complexity to the notion of the workplace. In many contemporary workplace environments in the U.S., the demand for Spanish is unequivocal and uncontested; in some areas, Spanish is ade factorequirement. Because U.S. Latinx bilinguals show a broad social preference for English and lack formal education in Spanish, they may feel challenged to meet workplace language demands in Spanish, particularly where specialized vocabulary or formal registers are concerned. Carried out in the highly dynamic bilingual context of Miami, this study posed the following questions: Do adult heritage speakers of Spanish in Miami – where a broad majority of the population speaks Spanish – appear to draw linguistic benefits from participation in the local labor market? Does this participation have the potential to curtail language loss? To answer these questions, semi-structured interviews were carried out with heritage speakers of Spanish in Miami. Their personal accounts of adult heritage language socialization suggest that Spanish use in the U.S. workplace is a highly situated, localized discourse practice that depends largely on the individuals involved. Despite the uncontested value of Spanish in Miami and the demand to speak it in most workplace settings, conscious choice to do so remains with the individual. The participants’ related experiences reveal the importance of speaker agency and manifest the potential of workplace environments to engender more positive orientations toward Spanish as well as active use of the language during adulthood.
circ-IARS depletion inhibits the progression of non-small-cell lung cancer by circ-IARS/miR-1252-5p/HDGF ceRNA pathway
Authors: Yang Jinhua , Yang Chunping , Li Ping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of circ-IARS in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. Expression of circ-IARS, microRNA (miR)-1252-5p, and hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) was measured by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting. The interactions among circ-IARS, miR-1252-5p, and HDGF were determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. Cell behaviors were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry, scratch wound assay, and transwell assay, and validated in in vivo xenograft model. Exosomes were isolated using commercial kit, and the expression and functions of exosomal circ-IARS (exo-circ-IARS) were analyzed as described above. Results showed that the expression of circ-IARS was upregulated in NSCLC cells, NSCLC tissues, and serum exosomes from NSCLC patients. circ-IARS exhaustion antagonized cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC. Molecularly, circ-IARS could sponge miR-1252-5p to modulate the expression of the downstream gene HDGF. In addition, miR-1252-5p downregulation attenuated circ-IARS exhaustion-mediated effects in H1299 and A549 cells. MiR-1252-5p mimic-induced effects were relieved by increasing HDGF expression in H1299 and A549 cells. Exo-circ-IARS promoted H460 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis. Silencing circ-IARS retarded tumor growth of NSCLC cells in vivo. Thus, circ-IARS, secreted by exosomes, was a novel oncogene in NSCLC and regulated the malignant development of NSCLC cells via circ-IARS/miR-1252-5p/HDGF competing endogenous RNA regulatory axis.
Seeking understanding: categories of linguistic (non)belonging in interviews
Authors: Hippi Kaarina , Lehto Liisa-Maria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses how persons of multicultural backgrounds describe in interviews their everyday experiences when using Finnish. The focus is on categories of linguistic (non)belonging described in interview interactions. The data consist of 23 single and pair interviews of 33 informants in total and come from two interview datasets. Data are analyzed discursively, taking into account positions and identities constructed in interviews. First, the study concentrates on descriptions where the informants’ interlocutors (particularly customer service persons) switched to English and the interviewees assumed reasons for it. Secondly, the recounted experiences where multiculturals have received comments on their Finnish language use are examined. According to the informants, language choices and evaluations arise from the perception of difference by the interactant. When language choice is discussed, categorizations of the informants as non-Finnish speakers arise. When the focus is on received comments, the informants discuss the categorizations of non-nativeness and origins. The informants position themselves in relation to these categories: They discuss the motivations and conditions for them. The study takes a closer look at how, in the interviews, there is space to criticize linguistic practices contrary to many everyday situations. The study brings to light the informants’ interpretations of switching language and commenting on one’s language as well as underlying ideologies of these situations, thereby also bringing about the possibility for change. The descriptions are multilevel, and we discuss how the categories of identification are constructed and how they are perceived in the interviews.
A universal metasurface transfer technique for heterogeneous integration
Authors: Zhang Xu , Cai Haogang , Daqiqeh Rezaei Soroosh , Rosenmann Daniel , Lopez Daniel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Metasurfaces offer a versatile platform for engineering the wavefront of light using nanostructures with subwavelength dimensions and hold great promise for dramatically miniaturizing conventional optical elements due to their small footprint and broad functionality. However, metasurfaces so far have been mainly demonstrated on bulky and planar substrates that are often orders of magnitude thicker than the metasurface itself. Conventional substrates not only nullify the reduced footprint advantage of metasurfaces, but also limit their application scenarios. The bulk substrate also determines the metasurface dielectric environment, with potentially undesired optical effects that undermine the optical performance. Here we develop a universal polymer-assisted transfer technique to tackle this challenge by decoupling the substrate employed on the fabrication of metasurfaces from that used for the target application. As an example, Huygens’ metasurfaces with 120 nm thickness in the visible range (532 nm) are demonstrated to be transferred onto a 100 nm thick freestanding SiN
x
membrane while maintaining excellent structural integrity and optical performance of diffraction-limited focusing. This transfer method not only enables the thinnest dielectric metalens to the best of our knowledge, but also opens up new opportunities in integrating cascaded and multilayer metasurfaces, as well as the heterogeneous integration with nonconventional substrates and various electronic/photonic devices.
Circularly symmetric nanopores in 3D femtosecond laser nanolithography with burst control and the role of energy dose
Authors: Paz-Buclatin Franzette , Esquivel-González Marcos , Casasnovas-Melián Alfredo , de Varona Omar , Cairós Carlos , Trujillo-Sevilla Juan Manuel , Kamada Kei , Yoshikawa Akira , Rodríguez-Ramos Jose Manuel , Martin Leopoldo Luis , Ródenas Airan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures within optical materials is currently a highly sought-after capability. Achieving nanoscale structuring of media within its inner volume in 3D and with free design flexibility, high accuracy and precision is a development yet to be demonstrated. In this work, a 3D laser nanolithography technique is developed which allows producing mm-long hollow nanopores inside solid-state laser crystals and with a high degree of control of pore cross-sectional aspect ratio and size. We report an in-depth study on the formation of pores both within the non-thermal regime at which temperature is fast dissipated after each laser pulse, and for a thermally controlled regime using pulse-bursts which facilitate the formation of pores with highly circular shapes down to 1.1. We demonstrate this process for a wide range of speeds, pulse repetition rates and pulse energies, thus opening the door to a much more useful nanofabrication technique for nanophotonics. Finally, we also report the change in index of refraction that is produced at the nanoscale obtaining a positive index contrast of ∼3%. The work therefore provides a promising path towards reliable 3D nanostructuring of solid-state laser media for the flexible fabrication of large and complex structures with features sizes from the nanoscale up to the mm-scale. Moreover, due to the embedded, seamless, and monolithic nature of this technology, and since YAG crystals can sustain temperatures of up to 1900 °C and are highly chemically inert and erosion resistant, we anticipate its direct application in harsh environments.
The Drosophila mitotic spindle orientation machinery requires activation, not just localization
Authors: Neville Kathryn E , Finegan Tara M , Lowe Nicholas , Bellomio Philip M , Na Daxiang , Bergstralh Dan T 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe orientation of the mitotic spindle at metaphase determines the placement of the daughter cells. Spindle orientation in animals typically relies on an evolutionarily conserved biological machine comprised of at least four proteins – called Pins, Gαi, Mud, and Dynein in flies – that exerts a pulling force on astral microtubules and reels the spindle into alignment. The canonical model for spindle orientation holds that the direction of pulling is determined by asymmetric placement of this machinery at the cell cortex. In most cell types, this placement is thought to be mediated by Pins, and a substantial body of literature is therefore devoted to identifying polarized cues that govern localized cortical enrichment of Pins. In this study we revisit the canonical model and find that it is incomplete. Spindle orientation in the Drosophila follicular epithelium and embryonic ectoderm requires not only Pins localization but also direct interaction between Pins and the multifunctional protein Discs large. This requirement can be over‐ridden by interaction with another Pins interacting protein, Inscuteable.
Juan de Ortega Montañés, obispo y virrey de Nueva España y la Custodia de Siles (Jaén)
Authors: Moreno Partal Mercedes Inmaculada , Marchal Jiménez Ángel 
Published: January 2023

Juan de Ortega Montañés (Siles, 1627 – Ciudad de México, 1708) fue obispo y virrey de Nueva España. En cada uno de sus destinos (Durango, Guatemala, Michoacán y México) desarrolló una extraordinaria labor como promotor de las artes, pero esto no quedó reducido a estos lugares, si no que en ningún momento se olvidó de su lugar de nacimiento y de su familia donde envió joyas y magníficas obras de plata, como la Custodia que se conserva en la Iglesia Parroquial de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora de Siles encargada y enviada durante su segundo periodo como virrey y mientras portaba la mitra del Arzobispado de México.
IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOYS OF DIRECTED CRYSTALLIZATION BY OPTIMIZING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Authors: Ol’shanetskii V. , Glotka O. , Greshta V. , Khvostak V. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose. It consists in establishing the influence of the chemical composition on the type, chemical composition and morphology of the primary carbides of the nickel-based superalloy, which allows to increase the operational properties of the parts through the structure of the carbide component.
Research methods. Process modeling was carried out using the CALPHAD method. The initial data were the chemical compositions of model alloys with different concentrations of carbide-forming elements. The result of the calculation was the chemical composition of the carbides released in the corresponding systems. The experimental values were processed by statistical methods to obtain correlation dependencies of the “parameter-property” type and establish mathematical equations of regression models that optimally describe these dependencies.
Results. The regularities of the effect of metal chemical composition on the morphology of carbides of MC type have been established. It is shown that depending on chemical elements introduced in the system, the basis of carbides can change, which causes a change in their shape and an increase in the crack resistance of the material. It is shown that the obtained dependences are closely correlated with metallographic studies of alloys of this class.
Scientific novelty. The dependences of the influence of the chemical composition variation of the multicomponent system Ni-Cr-Co-Al-W-Re-Ta-Mo-Nb-C on the chemical composition and morphology of carbides have been established. This makes it possible to change the basis of the carbides, their composition and morphology, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the material, especially fatigue and heat-resistant characteristics.
Practical value. An effective solution for establishing the structural-phase state of nickel-based superalloys by optimizing their chemical composition is proposed, which made it possible to improve the operational properties of the material. The established dependencies can be used in the optimization of the composition of industrial cast nickel-based superalloys and in the development of new compositions.
DIE STEEL 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 (WITHOUT FORGING TREATMENT) FOR HOT DEFORMATION OF ALUMINUM ALLOY
Authors: Sydorchuk О. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose. Production of steel with controlled austenitic transformation during operation of the 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 grade (without forging treatment) using the technology of electroslag remelting and establishing optimal modes of heat treatment (annealing, quenching and tempering). Production of tools (matrices) from 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 steel (without forging treatment) for hot deformation of aluminum alloy at operating temperatures below the critical point A1.
Research methods. Metallographic analysis of experimental die steels 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 (without forging treatment) and forged 4Х5МФ1С: study of metal structure; determination of specific resistance; determination of tensile strength; determination of hardness and impact strength.
Results. The results of research on the optimization of heat treatment modes (quenching and tempering) of 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 steel (without forging treatment) are given. Adjusted chemical composition (4Х4Н5М4Ф2) and optimized mode of heat treatment of steel, which allowed to increase heat resistance up to a temperature of 650 °С. The tempering temperature of steel (475±25 °С) at which irreversible temper brittleness occurs is established. Experimental and industrial tests of steel 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 (without forging treatment) for hot deformation of AK7ч aluminum alloy are presented. It is shown that compared to forged steel H13 (an analogue of 4Х5МФ1С), which is used at one of the Chinese enterprises, the experimental steel has practically the same resistance .
Scientific novelty. In the process of partial recrystallization (incomplete annealing at a temperature of 750±20 °C) of 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 steel (without forging treatment), a spheroidized carbide component is formed, which leads to an improvement in the mechanical processing of the workpiece for the manufacture of matrices.
Practical value. The possibility of using steel with an adjustable austenitic transformation during operation of the 4Х4Н5М4Ф2 grade (without forging treatment) is shown for a wide range of operating temperatures of hot deformation: copper-nickel (at an operating temperature above the critical point A3) and aluminum alloy (at an operating temperature below the critical point A1) with increased service life compared to forged steel 4Х5МФ1С.
Extraction of zirconium from its oxide during the electrolysis of KF–AlF<sub>3</sub> –Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> –ZrO<sub>2</sub> melts
Authors: Filatov A. A. , Nikolaev A. Yu. , Suzdaltsev A. V. , Zaikov Yu. P. 
Published: January 2023

Zirconium is one of the most commonly used materials, while the existing methods of its production are multi-stage and energy-intensive. The paper proposes a method for extracting zirconium from its oxide by KF–AlF3 –Al2O3 –ZrO2 low-temperature oxide-flu-oride melt electrolysis with a temperature of 750 °C. For this purpose, voltammetric methods were used to determine potentials of the electrochemical reduction of zirconium and aluminum ions on a glassy carbon electrode. It was shown that the electrochemical reduction of aluminum ions in the KF–AlF3 –Al2O3 melt occurs at a more negative potential than –0.05 V relative to the aluminum electrode with the cathode peak formation in the potential range from –0.18 to –0.2 V. With the addition of 1 wt.% of ZrO2 , cathode current growth on the voltammogram begins at a more negative potential than 0 V, and the cathode peak is formed at a potential of about –0.1 V. Similar results were observed in the study of the cathode process in the KF–AlF3 –Al2O3 melt with and without ZrO2 added by means of square wave voltammetry. It was suggested that zirconium-containing electroactive ions are discharged at a potential that is 0.05–0.08 V more positive than the discharge potential of aluminum-containing ions due to the lower bond energy. At a graphite cathode potential of –0.1 and –0.3 V relative to the aluminum electrode, the KF–AlF3 –Al2O3 –ZrO2 melt electrolysis was carried out, and the elemental and phase composition of deposits obtained was determined by X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive microanalysis. It was shown that the 98.5 –99.5 wt. % zirconium deposit was obtained at a potential of –0.1 V. This indicates a reliable possibility of selective zirconium extraction using the proposed method.
Exothermic synthesis of binary solid solutions based on hafnium and zirconium carbides
Authors: Shcherbakov V. A. , Gryadunov A. N. , Alymov M. I. 
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of an experimental study into the possibility of producing ultra-high temperature ceramics constituting solid solutions of HfC and ZrC carbides by the single-stage electro-thermal explosion (ETE) method under pressure. Adiabatic flame temperature and phase composition of the equilibrium final product were calculated based on thermodynamic data. It was shown that when the ZrC content in the final product is less than 20 wt.%, adiabatic flame temperature reaches 3800– 3900 K, and the combustion product contains hafnium and zirconium carbides. The effect of mechanical activation modes in an AGO-2 planetary centrifugal mill used for a reaction mixture containing Hf, Zr and C powders on its properties, phase composition formation and the microstructure of carbide solid solutions was studied. It was shown that high-energy mixing in hexane leads to the destruction of the crystal structure of Hf and Zr particles and the formation of amorphous composite particles. The synthesized samples of ultra-high temperature ceramics were studied by X-ray phase and microstructure analyzes. It was shown that exothermic synthesis leads to the formation of single-phase solid solutions of HfC and ZrC carbides with the average particle size of 0.2–1.5 μm. The residual porosity of the binary carbides obtained is 10–12 %. It was found that, despite the high temperature of sample heating during ETE under pressure, the particle size of the resulting solid solutions is significantly (by an order of magnitude) smaller than the particle size of similar complex carbides (20–50 μm) obtained by other methods (SPS and hot pressing). This is associated with the rapidity of the exothermic interaction of the reagents (10–50 ms) during ETE.
Ground-Motion Model (GMM) for Crustal Earthquakes in Northern South America (NoSAm Crustal GMM)
Authors: Arteta Carlos A. , Pajaro Cesar A. , Mercado Vicente , Montejo Julián , Arcila Mónica , Abrahamson Norman A. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Crustal earthquakes are some of the main contributors to the seismic hazard in northern South America (NoSAm). There is evidence of historical crustal events with epicenters near populated cities, such as the 1999 Mw 6.2 Coffee Region earthquake, whose damages added up to 1.9% of Colombia’s gross domestic product and reported about 1200 deaths. Because the global crustal ground-motion models (GMMs) routinely used in seismic hazard assessments of the region are biased with respect to the available ground-motion records, this article presents a regional GMM developed using local data from earthquakes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The filtered database contains 709 triaxial records from 56 earthquakes, recorded at 92 stations between 1994 and 2020 by the Colombian Geological Survey. The moment magnitudes of the events range between 4.5 and 6.8, with hypocentral depths ≤60 km. The model covers rupture distances ≤350 km. The model site amplification is based on a categorization approach relying on the predominant site period, identified through the horizontal-to-vertical response ratios of 5%-damped response spectra. The proposed GMM is developed as a regionalization of the global Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project ASK14 model. Our model corrects the misfit of the ASK14 GMM with respect to the observed ground-motion data in NoSAm for moderate magnitudes and intermediate to large distances while keeping the extrapolation capabilities. The proposed GMM considers the added attenuation for ray paths crossing the volcanic arc. Analysis of the variance components allows approximating plausible reductions of the standard deviation in future nonergodic models.
Effect of an information booklet on nephrotic syndrome regarding knowledge and attitude of caregivers towards care of children with nephrotic syndrome in tertiary level centre of Bihar
Authors: Kumari Manisha , Kumar Amit , Gupta Anand Kumar , Prakash Jayant 
Published: January 2023

Nephrotic syndrome, the most common renal disease in pediatric age group, is responsible for frequent hospitalization of children. As parents are the most responsible person for care of their children, it is necessary for them to be aware and have knowledge regarding strict adherence to therapeutic regimen, about the disease recurrence and measures for adequate care of their child’s health. An information booklet on nephrotic syndrome can help the caregivers in understanding the disease process and in maintaing their child’s health. Effect of an information booklet on nephrotic syndrome regarding knowledge and attitude of caregivers towards care of children with nephrotic syndrome in tertiary level centre of BiharThis cross sectional study was carried out on admitted patients in Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Bihar from January 2021 to December 2021. An information booklet on nephrotic syndrome was given to caregivers of children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. About 50 parents/caregivers were interviewed with a preformed structured questionnaire before and after reading the information booklet.Of 50 respondents, an overall improvement in knowledge increased from 18% in pretest to 80% in post test. This result proves that the information booklet helped in improving the knowledge of caregivers towards care of their children. The present study concluded that there was significant improvement in knowledge of caregivers after administrating information booklet.