bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filaggrin insufficiency renders keratinocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles capable of affecting CD1a-mediated T cell responses and promoting allergic inflammation
Authors: Kobiela Adrian , Hewelt-Belka Weronika , Frąckowiak Joanna E , Kordulewska Natalia , Hovhannisyan Lilit , Bogucka Aleksandra , Etherington Rachel , Piróg Artur , Dapic Irena , Gabrielsson Susanne , Brown Sara J , Ogg Graham S , Gutowska-Owsiak Danuta 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The promoting effect ofFLGloss-of-function mutations on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) signifies the role of filaggrin in the formation of a protective skin barrier;FLGmutations are also linked to asthma, food allergy and allergic rhinitis despite the absence of the protein in the affected tissues (lungs, intestines, and the majority of the nasal mucosa). AD patients suffer from chronic inflammation and recurrent skin infections; inflammation often precedes the appearance of spatially distant allergic manifestations. Here we show that exosome-enriched small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by filaggrin-knockdown keratinocytes are extensively remodelled as a consequence of the abnormal keratinocyte differentiation process. This alteration modulates the sEV capacity to promote type 1 and type 2 CD1a-dependent T cell responses by direct effects on self-lipid neoantigen generation; both modulating the amount of permissive (stimulatory) and non-permissive (inhibitory) CD1a ligands released from the sEV membranes by phospholipase A2. We found that this aberrant sEV lipid composition reflects a generalised cellular lipid synthesis bias with downregulation of enzymes of ACSL, ELOVL and FADS families, observed both in filaggrin insufficient cells and in the skin of AD patients. Provision of modulatory ligands by sEVs secreted on a filaggrin insufficiency background, impeding both homeostatic autoreactive and protective antimicrobial CD1a-mediated type 1 and enhancing type 2 T cell responses provides basis for reduced tissue integrity and pathogen clearance and perpetuates inflammation in AD skin.
Energy-use strategies on a degraded coral reef: insights from remote underwater stereo-video and AI-driven 3D tracking
Authors: Lilkendey Julian , Zhang Jingjing , Barrelet Cyril , Meares Michael , Larbi Houssam , Subsol Gérard , Chaumont Marc , Sabetian Armagan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Unveiling the intricate relationships between animal movement ecology, feeding behaviour, and internal energy budgeting is essential for a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. Particularly in degraded habitats like coral reefs, which are under significant anthropogenic stress, these interactions are crucial yet largely unexplored. Employing advanced methods such as underwater stereo-video measurements, AI-driven object recognition, and 3D tracking, our study focuses on the feeding preferences, bite rates, inter-bite distances, and foraging energy expenditure (EE) of two dominant reef grazers, the Brown surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus) and the Yellowtail tang (Zebrasoma xanthurum).
Our findings reveal significant variations in functional feeding traits and EE, showcasing how metabolic traits shape individual and community foraging behaviours in degraded habitats. On a microhabitat scale, A. nigrofuscusadopted a specialized feeding strategy with higher energy demands, while Z. xanthurum exhibited a more generalist approach, covering larger distances between food patches but with lower EE. These divergent energy-use strategies indicate key metabolic adaptations, allowing both species to co-exist and maintain high feeding pressures in this degraded ecosystem.
The study underscores the transformative potential of technologies like stereo-video and AI-generated 3D tracking in elucidating functional ecology and energy dynamics. Our insights not only contribute to targeted restoration interventions but also accentuate the pivotal role of metabolic traits as possible indicators for community responses to environmental changes. This understanding is crucial in formulating effective conservation strategies for ecosystems globally that are impacted by human disturbances and climate change.
Sex and fetal genome influence gene expression in pig endometrium at the end of gestation
Authors: Bonnet Agnes , Bluy Lisa , Gress Laure , Canario Laurianne , Ravon Laure , Sécula Aurelie , Billon Yvon , Liaubet Laurence 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background A fine balance of feto-maternal resource allocation is required to support pregnancy, which depends on interactions between maternal and fetal genetic potential, maternal nutrition and environment, endometrial and placental functions. In particular, some imprinted genes have a role in regulating the exchange of nutrients between the mother and the fetus. Results In this study, we investigated the influence of the fetal genome and sex on the expression of 42 genes, including imprinted genes, at the maternal interface (endometrium) during late gestation. Pure and reciprocal crossed fetuses were produced using two extreme breeds for fetal maturity and piglet survival: Large White (LW) and Meishan (MS). Hence, in the same uterus, endometrial samples were associated with its purebred or crossbred fetuses. We first described a change in gene expression in the endometrium during late gestation (14 differentially expressed genes (DEGs)) and between the two extreme breeds (9 DEGs). The change in expression of 11 genes in LW during late gestation compared to two genes in MS suggests a delay in endometrial processes in LW. The analyses highlighted breed differences in the regulation of endometrial angiogenesis, in nutrient transport and energy metabolism. Correlation networks linked endometrial gene expression with fetal biometrics at D90 and placental measures at D110. We pointed out for the first time the impact of fetal sex and genome on endometrial expression at 90 days of gestation, emphasingAMPD3,CITED1andH19genes. We have demonstrated that fetal sex affects the expression of five imprinted genes in LW endometrium. Fetal genome influenced the expression of four genes in LW endometrium but not in MS endometrium. Intriguingly, both fetal sex and fetal genome interact to influence endometrial gene expression. Conclusions These data give new evidence for sexual dimorphism in the pregnant endometrium and provide evidence for the contribution of the fetal genome to feto-maternal interactions at the end of gestation. They suggest that the paternal genome may contribute significantly to piglet survival, especially in crossbreeding production systems. They once again demonstrated the plasticity of the endometrium and the importance of deciphering the dialogue between the placenta and the endometrium.
Current species of oomycetes associated with foot rot disease of black pepper in Vietnam
Authors: Thao Le Dinh , Khanh Tran Ngoc , Liem Nguyen Van , Hien Le Thu , Thanh Ha Minh , Binh Vu Thi Phuong , Trang Thieu Thi Thu , Anh Pham Thi , Chung Nguyen Van , Hien Pham Hong , Long Nguyen Van , Duy Nguyen Quang , Lesueur Didier , Herrmann Laetitia , Brau Lambert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is one of the most destructive diseases of black pepper in Vietnam and worldwide. However, many other oomycete species have also been recorded on this plant, and P. tropicalis and Pythium deliense were recently reported as serious threats to black pepper in India. On the other hand, the population of oomycetes occurring in black pepper plantations in Vietnam and their pathogenicity have not been investigated in the last decade. To this end, two hundred fifteen oomycete isolates were collected from the root rots and rhizospheric soil of black pepper in the Central Highlands andthe Southeast region of Vietnam. Of these, 23 isolates were representatively chosen based on their origin and morphology for DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, then 11 isolates were further selected for the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1- α) and the beta-tubulin (TUB) gene analyses. Morphology and molecular analysesindicated that P. capsici, P. tropicalis, P. nicotianae, P. cinnamomi, P. parvispora, P. heveae, Phytopythium vexans, and a novel species of Phytopythium were clearly identified among oomycete isolates. Of these, P. capsiciand P. tropicalis could be the prevalent species in black pepper plantations in studied areas. The inoculation tests demonstrated that all the isolates of P. capsici, P. tropicalis and P. nicotianae were pathogenic on both leaves and roots of black pepper. Phytopythium vexans was pathogenic on root only. Meanwhile, P. cinnamomi, P. parvispora, P. heveae and Phytopythiumsp. were non-pathogenic.
Developing a National UGME Pain Management and Substance Use Disorder Curriculum to Address the Opioid Crisis: A Program Evaluation Pilot Study
Authors: Dalgarno Nancy , Turnnidge Jennifer , Cofie Nicholas , Wylick Richard van , Mulder Jeanne , Kirby Fran , Hastings-Truelove Amber , Graves Lisa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Pain is one of the most common reasons for adults to seek health care, yet educational program focused on pain are often underrepresented in medical school curricula. In January 2021, the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC) launched an online national, bilingual, competency-based curriculum for undergraduate medical (UGME) students in pain management and substance use in response to the opioid crisis to bridge the content gaps in programs across Canada. The purpose of this study is to evaluation the pilot of this national curriculum.
Methods
Undergraduate medical education students (n = 168) from across Canada participated in the program evaluation of a pilot which ran from September to November 2020. Participants completed online pre- and post-program surveys that assessed the influence of the curriculum on participants’ knowledge as well as the value, usability, and feasibility of this curriculum.
Results
Participants’ perceived confidence their new knowledge and in utilizing resources required to maintain their knowledge significantly increased (75% and 51% respectively). Their perceived knowledge that addressed the 72 learning objectives within the curriculum significantly increased from pre- to post-program. Over 90% of participants reported that the was valuable, feasible, and usable. The most frequently discussed program strengths were the clear and comprehensive content, interactive and well-organized design, and relevance of curriculum content for future clinical practice. The overall weakness of the curriculum included the length, repetition of content, the lack of clarity and relevance of the assessment questions, end-user technology issues, and French translation discrepancies. Participant’s recommendations for improving the curriculum included streamlining content, addressing technology issues, and enhancing the clarity and relevance of assessment questions embedded within each of the modules.
Conclusion
Participants agreed that an online pain management and substance use curriculum is a valuable, usable, and feasible learning opportunity. Given the severity of the opioid crisis in Canada, these online modules provide a curriculum that can be integrated into existing UGME programs or can provide self-directed learning.
FcRn regulates antigen presentation downstream of dendritic cell receptor-targeted vaccination.
Authors: Mintern Justine , Macri Christophe , Paxman Matthew , Jenika Devi , Lin Xiao Peng , Gleeson Paul , Caminschi Irina , Lahoud Mireille , Villadangos Jose A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-targeted vaccination is a new model of antigen delivery that relies on the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to target antigen to specific DC subsets. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a non-classical Fc receptor that binds to immunoglobulins G (IgG) in acidified endosomes and controls their intracellular transport and recycling. FcRn is known to participate in the antigen presentation of immune complexes, however its contribution to the presentation of DC-targeted vaccination has not previously been examined. Here we have investigated the role of FcRn in antigen presentation using antigen conjugated to IgG mAb which target specific DC receptors, including DEC205 and Clec9A specific for the conventional DC 1 (cDC1) subset. We show that FcRn is expressed at high levels by cDC1, both at steady-state and following activation and plays a significant role in MHC I cross-presentation and MHC II presentation of antigens that are targeted to cDC1 via mAb specific for DEC205. This effect of FcRn is intrinsic to cDC1 and it impacts the efficacy of anti-DEC205-mediated vaccination against lymphoma. In contrast, FcRn does not impact the presentation of antigens targeted to Clec9A and does not regulate the presentation of cell-associated antigen These data highlight a new and unique role of FcRn in controlling the immunogenicity of anti-DEC205-based vaccination, with consequences for exploiting this pathway to improve DC-targeted vaccine outcomes.
Detection and Complete Genome Sequence analysis of Human Adenovirus in Children with Acute Diarrhea in Yunnan, China, 2015–2021
Authors: CAO Yihui , Yang Jinghui , Jiang Lili , Li Nan , Zhang Rui-xian , Zhou Xiaofang , Cun Jian-ping , Qiao En-fa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to determine the distribution and prevalence of gastroenteritis with HAdV in children in Yunnan province, China, 2015-2021, and also contribute for adopting preventive measures to reduce morbidity and mortality in children.
Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is considered as a significant enteropathogen associated with diarrhea in children. However, limited data are available regarding the epidemiology and genetic diversity of HAdV in children with diarrhea in Yunnan province, China.
Methods: A total of 1754 fecal samples were subjected to Real-time RT-PCR to detect HAdV, the positive samples underwent further Next-generation sequencing, and epidemiological data were analyzed as well.
Results: 1754 patients with diarrhea were enrolled, among them1041 were male and 713 were female, The M:F rate was1.46. Overall, 72/1754 stool samples (4.10%) were positive for HAdV. The detection rates of all age groups varied from 2.50% to 4.78%. From 2015-2021, the annual detection rate was between 1.62% and12.26%. The frequency of HAdV was the highest in the age group >1to≤2 years, HAdV infection occurred all year around, The highest HAdV detecting rate was 15.69%(16/102) in June, Followed by November 8.19%(14/171). Of the 72 HAdV-positive samples, 13 HAdV strains whole genome were successfully sequenced, 76.92%(10/13) were classified as HAdV-F41, and 23.08% (3/13) were classified as HAdV-C2. HAdV-F41 was the predominant HAdV genotype in children with acute diarrhea.
Conclusions: Children at all ages are susceptible to HAdV. Marked variation in yearly prevalence has been demonstrated. However, the information we collected are too limited to elucidate their epidemiological role as there are no systematic surveillance and clinical studies on HAdVs in Yunnan. the true epidemiology of HAdV remains incompletely understood. In order to fully understand the prevalence of HAdV, it is imperative to establish a HAdV virological surveillance system to collect relevant clinical, epidemiological data as soon as possible to assess the potential risk of HAdV among children. and develop effective vaccines at preventing HAdV diarrhea is warranted.
Quantitative evaluation of organic matter pores in over-mature marine shales: A case study of the Niutitang shales in Northern Guizhou, South China
Authors: Ning Shitan , Xia Peng , Zou Niuniu , Wang Ke , Zhong Yi , Zhou Fei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Organic matter (OM) pores are considered the most important pore type in shale reservoirs because they provide both the material required for hydrocarbon generation and space for shale gas preservation. However, the OM type and the development of OM pores in over-mature marine shales remain controversial. In this study, the pore characteristics of shale and kerogen from the Niutitang organic-rich shales were compared by applying organic petrology, geochemistry, gas adsorption, and mathematical computation methods. The results indicate that pores are more developed in filled OM and mutually wrapped OM. Banded OM generally does not have any pores. The pores of massive OM are not uniformly developed. The relative adsorption capacity, adsorption pore volume and adsorption pore surface area of the OM are higher than in the black shales. The pore structure developed by the black shales is more complex than that of the OM based on the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) fractal theory. By combining the N2 and CO2 adsorption data, the contribution rate of the OM pores to pore volume (CRV) and the contribution rate of the OM pores surface area (CRA) formulas were established. The values of the CRV range between 40.87% and 59.39%, while the values of CRA vary between 30.44% and 43.33%, indicating that OM pores are an important part of the shale system. The factors affecting the pore development in the OM and the black shales are total organic carbon (TOC), thermal maturity (Ro), OM types and lithofacies.
Parameterized complexity of reconfiguration of atoms
Authors: Cooper Alexandre , Maaz Stephanie , Mouawad Amer E. , Nishimura Naomi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Our work is motivated by the challenges presented in preparing arrays of atoms for use in quantum simulation. The recently-developed process of loading atoms into traps results in approximately half of the traps being filled. To consolidate the atoms so that they form a dense and regular arrangement, such as all locations in a grid, atoms are rearranged using moving optical tweezers. Time is of the essence, as the longer that the process takes and the more that atoms are moved, the higher the chance that atoms will be lost in the process.Viewed as a problem on graphs, we wish to solve the problem of reconfiguring one arrangement of tokens (representing atoms) to another using as few moves as possible. Because the problem is \textsf{NP}-complete on general graphs as well as on grids, we focus on the parameterized complexity for various parameters, considering both undirected and directed graphs, and tokens with and without labels. For unlabelled tokens, the problem is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by the number of tokens, the number of moves, or the number of moves plus the number of vertices without tokens in either the source or target configuration, but intractable when parameterized by the difference between the number of moves and the number of differences in the placement of tokens in the source and target configurations. When labels are added to tokens, however, most of the tractability results are replaced by hardness results.
Prehospital time intervals in stroke care before and after the outbreak of COVID-19
Authors: Hänninen Peetu , Hällberg Ville , Hakala Lasse , Koivistoinen Teemu , Palomäki Ari 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
A prehospital emergency medical system is essential in order to provide rapid treatment for stroke patients. After the outbreak of COVID-19, precautions and safety measures were introduced to limit the number of infections. This study analyzed the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the stroke care process in prehospital care.
Methods
In this retrospective study, we examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emergency medical care of patients transported to the Kanta-Häme Central Hospital because of suspected stroke. We collected prehospital data on the emergency medical services’ time intervals of suspected stroke patients, including on-scene time and total time. Emergency medical services’ time intervals of transported suspected stroke patients 24 months before and 24 months after the outbreak of COVID-19 were compared.
Results
During the study period, emergency medical services transported altogether 1,226 patients with suspected stroke to the Kanta-Häme Central Hospital emergency department, 552 before and 674 after the COVID-19 outbreak. The median on-scene time of these patients was 15.38 minutes before and 15.18 minutes after the outbreak (p = 0.93). The median total emergency medical services time had remained stable between the groups, 49.59 minutes vs. 49.86 minutes (p = 0.80) respectively.
Conclusions
The number of suspected stroke patients increased by 22.9% after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the pandemic outbreak did not lengthen the pre-hospitalisation intervals for suspected stroke patients. These results allow us to assume that once the prehospital process of suspected stroke patients has been thoroughly reorganized, not even a serious epidemic will impair the function of emergency medical services.
Dactylopius opuntiae of cactus pear in Morocco: contact and fumigant insecticidal activities of four essential oils and hydrosols and their chemical composition
Authors: Mahdad Iâtidal , Elyadini Meryem , Bourais Ilhame , Damour Houda , Achbani El Hassan , Hajjaji Souad El 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Morocco's prickly pear has high economic value. However, it’s infected by the cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae, causing massive losses. Thus, the present work aims to study insecticidal effect of bioactive natural extracts. Essential oils and hydrosols of oregano (Origanum vulgare), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) were tested. Two concentrations were used for essential oils (1.5% and 3%) and for hydrosols (100% and 75%) with contact and fumigant application. Mortality rate was determined after 24h of treatment. Highest values were recorded at 3% E.O concentration with contact assay comparing to fumigation. As it’s EO (99.44%), O. vulgare hydrosol has significant insecticidal activity reaching 80% of mortality rate. Chemical composition of essential oils using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was studied. Bioactive compounds include carvacrol and m-cymene (O. vulgare and T. vulgaris), pulegone and l-menthone (M. pulegium) and Linalool and linalyl acetate (M. piperita). Data obtained relieved the importance of these plants as source of natural bioactive compounds against D. opuntiae.
The Ebbs and Flows of Empathy: a qualitative study of surgical trainees in the UK
Authors: Yannamani Pranathi , Gale Nicola Kay 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Empathy is widely recognised as an important element of medical practice contributing to patient outcomes and satisfaction. However, there is evidence to suggest that empathy declines over time, particularly in surgical specialities. There is little qualitative research on this decline in surgical trainees, particularly in the UK, so the aim of this study was to explore how trainee surgeons experience empathy over time in their practice and how they perceive it in others.
Methods
10 semi-structured interviews were carried out with surgical trainees of different grades and specialties in January and February 2022. Framework analysis was used to interpret the data.
Results
Participants experienced an evolution in empathy over time as their personal and professional experience was added to. They drew a distinction between desensitisation and actual decline in empathy and identified more with experiencing the former in their careers. Participants also felt interprofessional relationships require empathy, and this could be improved upon. Finally, they highlighted specific impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic upon their training, including reduced theatre time.
Conclusions
Participants felt training could be improved up in regard to accessing training opportunities and relationships with colleagues, although many felt empathy between colleagues is better than it has been in the past. Findings indicate that policy reform for standardisation of training with stakeholder consultation may be beneficial in improving training and relationships between colleagues.