bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Self‐Employment Outcomes of Black Individuals With Disabilities During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Peterson Gemarco J. , Weller Bridget Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe sudden Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak exacerbated employment challenges for Black people with disabilities. As a counter, many pivoted from the traditional work environment to self‐employment. Therefore, this study first analyzed select phases of the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) descriptively and then utilized probit models to assess the relationship between specific disabilities (audio, visual, and mobility) and self‐employment, focusing on gender difference. The results indicated that Black older adults (median age 55 years old) with disabilities, Black men with disabilities, and Black individuals with hearing and visual impairments were more likely to engage in self‐employment during the COVID‐19 pandemic when compared to their respective groups. Moreover, these results underscore the role of age, gender, and disability type in shaping self‐employment outcomes. The study's findings have implications for career counseling, policies, and services addressing employment disparities for Black individuals with and without disabilities.
Dynamic Multicolor Display with Wide Color Gamut Enabled by Vanadium Oxide‐Based Fabry–Pérot Electrochromic Nanocavities
Authors: Li Huiying , Cao Sheng , Bao Longqiang , Liu Yuwei , Chen Junyao , Qin Shihua , Huang Lin , Wan Lingyu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractInorganic electrochromic (EC) devices with vibrant multicolor variations are at the forefront of EC technology and play a crucial role in display applications. Expanding the dynamic color gamut of a single EC device has long been a subject of investigation. Herein, a design is presented that employs vanadium oxide (VOx) as the EC layer and tungsten (W) as the reflective layer to construct an asymmetric Fabry–Pérot (F–P) nanocavity, enabling wide color gamut EC displays. By leveraging the different thicknesses of VOx, this design allows for a range of color changes from yellow and orange to magenta, purple, blue, cyan, and green through dynamic EC modulation. Notably, a typical single W‐VOx (150 nm) F–P nanocavity demonstrates an impressive modulation range of 110 nm, exceeding the capabilities of existing F–P nanocavities. In‐depth structural analysis reveals that the insertion and extraction of Li+ ions significantly influence the microstructure and optical properties of VOx film, allowing for greater refractive index adjustment than WO3. This facilitates precise control and expansion of the nanocavity's color range through interference effects. This study provides a new perspective for developing dynamically adjustable wide color gamut EC displays and highlights their potential applications in flexible display technologies.
Concentration and Cavitation in the Riemann Solutions for the Triple‐Pressure Euler Equations Involving a Source Term
Authors: Tian Yuan , Shen Chun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe exact solutions for the Riemann problem concerning the one‐dimensional triple‐pressure Euler equations with the Coulomb‐type frictional term are displayed in perfectly explicit forms, where both the rarefaction and shock waves are presented in parabolic shapes with equal curvature under the action of the Coulomb‐type frictional term. Specifically, the curved delta shock wave is formed by sending the limit of Riemann solution comprised of double shock waves, and the vacuum state is also grown up by taking the limit of Riemann solution comprised of double rarefaction waves when all the three perturbation parameters are dropped to zero, where the remarkable concentration and cavitation phenomena can be closely observed and explored. Besides, the numerical simulations in correspondence are also offered to validate our results.
Subordinators and Generalized Heat Kernels: Random Time Change and Long Time Dynamics
Authors: Aljaber Noha , Alshehri Aisha , Altamimi Haya , Majdoub Mohamed , Mliki Ezzedine 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on studying the long‐time dynamics of the subordination process for a range of linear evolution equations, with a special emphasis on the fractional heat equation. By treating inverse subordinators as random time variables and employing the subordination principle to solve forward Kolmogorov equations, we explore the behavior of the solutions over extended periods. We provide a detailed description of the specific classes of subordinators suitable for conducting asymptotic analysis. Our findings not only extend existing research but also refine the results outlined in prior studies.
Equitable Decision‐Making in Community Foundations
Authors: Azevedo Lauren , Bell Andrew 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCommunity foundations can strengthen their localities by connecting philanthropists with areas of greatest need. This article seeks to examine if equitable practices constitute more equitable decision‐making in the structure and processes of the foundation. To this end, we explore decision‐making in terms of the processes involved in funding allocation and grantmaking of discretionary funds in foundation boardrooms, where these decisions typically begin or take place. Through an inductive approach, we formulate a theoretical framework and test our framework through surveys to community foundation leaders. Findings reveal that cultivating diversity and inclusive practices in decision‐making, organizing decisions by mission and strategic goals, and an organizational commitment to equity can strengthen perceived equitable decision‐making. This research has substantial implications in nonprofit spaces by exploring informal and nontraditional prescriptions for better engaging with communities they are serving and creating a more inclusive society. Theoretical and practical contributions are made for advancing equity through decision‐making in spaces where important community‐based decisions are made.
Co‐Expression of Tardive Dyskinesia and Drug‐Induced Parkinsonism in Rats Chronically Treated With Haloperidol
Authors: Kinoshita Iku , Nishijima Haruo , Nakamura Takashi , Kon Tomoya , Shimoyama Shuji , Hikichi Hiroki , Suzuki Chieko , Tomiyama Masahiko 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimWe aimed to create a rat model of drug‐induced parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia by chronic administration of haloperidol and examine the expression of direct and indirect pathway markers in the striatum of the model rats.MethodsWe treated 21 rats, 14 with haloperidol decanoate and 7 with placebo. The number of vacuous chewing movements per 2 min was counted, and haloperidol‐treated rats were classified into two groups: mild and severe tardive dyskinesia. Other behavioral analyses were also conducted. After a 6‐month treatment period, rat brains were removed, and protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting.ResultsAll haloperidol‐treated rats exhibited vacuous chewing movements. The frequency of exploratory behavior and rotarod test performance was lower in the mild and severe tardive dyskinesia groups. The number of vacuous chewing movements and frequency of exploratory behavior were positively correlated in haloperidol‐treated rats. The expression of dynorphin, a direct pathway marker, decreased in the severe tardive dyskinesia group. The expression of enkephalin, an indirect pathway marker, decreased both in the mild and severe tardive dyskinesia groups. The expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors also decreased with haloperidol treatment.ConclusionBoth direct and indirect pathways are involved in haloperidol‐induced movement disorders.
Surface‐modified chitin micro‐nanofibers endow polylactic acid‐based composites with good mechanical performance and thermal stability
Authors: Ma Jieru , Du Xiaoyu , Li Hang , Liu Shuo , Jin Yongcan , Xu Zhaoyang , Chen Chuchu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite biodegradability, the weak mechanical properties and poor thermal stability remain the main challenges for polylactic acid (PLA). The addition of biofibers is an approach to enhance the PLA materials while unpromising interfacial compatibility hinders their further development. Herein, we report a facile method to fabricate fiber‐reinforced‐PLA composites with improved tensile performance and thermal stability. The modified chitin micro‐nanofibers (KCHs) were mixed with PLA and processed via co‐extrusion to prepare KCH/PLA composites. Specifically, the interfacial compatibility between chitin and PLA was significantly increased due to the surface modification of KCH, thus contributing to the enhanced properties. As a result, compared with PLA (tensile strength: ~17.36 MPa, Young's modulus: ~1230.9 MPa), the developed KCH/PLA composites were endowed with good mechanical performance (tensile strength: ~36.07 MPa, Young's modulus: ~1647.6 MPa) and reduced thermal expansion coefficient (~134.4 × 10−6/K). Moreover, the KCH/PLA could be molded into tableware such as forks and knives. So, it has great potential as a biodegradable candidate to replace petroleum‐based plastics in packaging applications.Highlights
Polylactic acid (PLA)‐based composites were reinforced by the modified chitin micro‐nano fibers.
Chitin micro‐nanofiber (KCH)/PLA composites combined improved tensile properties and thermal stability.
The interfacial compatibility was improved by the hydrophobic modification.
Biodegradable KCH/PLA was molded into packaging products (fork and knife).
KCH/PLA are promising candidates for replacing non‐biodegradable plastics.
Nutritional strategies for childhood obesity treatment and prevention without counting calories—A narrative review
Authors: Kuźbicka Karolina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTreating obesity in children is a significant challenge for modern medicine and a delicate matter at the same time. Although obesity treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications; in particular implementation of a detailed menu and calorie restrictions, when it comes to children, imposing a specific menu can be tough and consequently counterproductive. Therefore, it is advisable to introduce some small single steps and simple rules to lower the risk of obesity without causing unnecessary pressure. This article includes practical advice on how to treat and prevent excessive body weight in children. While primarily aimed at professionals working with children and their parents or guardians—such as teachers, dietitians, and pediatricians—these recommendations can also be adapted for parents and caregivers in various formats to effectively reach and benefit this target group.
The Omics‐Driven Machine Learning Path to Cost‐Effective Precision Medicine in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lopes Marta B. , Coletti Roberta , Duranton Flore , Glorieux Griet , Jaimes Campos Mayra Alejandra , Klein Julie , Ley Matthias , Perco Paul , Sampri Alexia , Tur‐Sinai Aviad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant and growing global health challenge, making early detection and slowing disease progression essential for improving patient outcomes. Traditional diagnostic methods such as glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria are insufficient to capture the complexity of CKD. In contrast, omics technologies have shed light on the molecular mechanisms of CKD, helping to identify biomarkers for disease assessment and management. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) could transform CKD care, enabling biomarker discovery for early diagnosis and risk prediction, and personalized treatment. By integrating multi‐omics datasets, AI can provide real‐time, patient‐specific insights, improve decision support, and optimize cost efficiency by early detection and avoidance of unnecessary treatments. Multidisciplinary collaborations and sophisticated ML methods are essential to advance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in CKD. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the pipeline for translating CKD omics data into personalized treatment, covering recent advances in omics research, the role of ML in CKD, and the critical need for clinical validation of AI‐driven discoveries to ensure their efficacy, relevance, and cost‐effectiveness in patient care.
Physical function and perceived pain following inpatient intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment for children and adolescents
Authors: Seth Mayank , Vieni Kate , Hottinger Kathryn , Bentley Katherine 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain among children and adolescents negatively impacts overall functioning and quality of life. Although Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment (IIPT) programs aim to reduce functional impairment and perceived pain, overall evidence is limited and restricted by small sample sizes and limited diversity in pain diagnoses.ObjectiveTo determine whether children and adolescents with chronic pain participating in an inpatient IIPT program experience improvements in their physical function and perceived pain.DesignCross‐sectional, secondary analysis.SettingInpatient acute rehabilitation.ParticipantsChildren and adolescents with chronic pain (n = 258; females/males = 204/54; age = 16.5 ± 2.6) admitted to a 4‐week inpatient IIPT program from November 2011 to January 2023.InterventionParticipants attended individual and group sessions involving physical therapy, occupational therapy, aquatic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, school‐related tasks, and meditation. The sessions focused on improving strength, endurance, and function, while helping participants modify physical sensations, catastrophic thinking, and maladaptive behaviors.Main Outcome MeasuresCollected at admission and discharge: pain intensity (Numerical Pain Rating Scale; scale: 0–10), lower extremity function (Lower Extremity Functional Scale [LEFS]; scale: 0–80), upper extremity function (Upper Extremity Functional Index [UEFI]; scale: 0–80), motor proficiency (Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition short form [BOT‐2 SF]; scale: 0–70), and occupational performance and satisfaction (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure [COPM]; scale: 0–10 for both).ResultsOverall, participants reported significant improvements (p < .05) in median LEFS (median change [MC] = +30.5; 25th, 75th percentile range [PR] = 19, 42), UEFI (MC = +21; PR = 12.8, 31), BOT‐2 SF (MC = +9; PR = 5, 15), COPM performance (MC = +4; PR = 2.8, 5.4), and COPM satisfaction (MC = +5.6; PR = 3.8, 7.2). Moreover, participants reported significant reduction (p < .05) in median pain intensity (MC = −3; PR = 1, 5). For a majority of participants, MC surpassed previously reported minimally clinical important difference thresholds.ConclusionsFindings highlight the relevance of inpatient IIPT programs in enhancing physical function and reducing perceived pain in children and adolescents with chronic pain.
Berberine Inhibits the Disruption of the Blood–Brain Barrier and Glial Cell Activation in a Rat Model of Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Ali Syed Afroz , Datusalia Ashok Kumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and aim: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neurological disorder in individuals with liver diseases, necessitating effective neuroprotective interventions to alleviate its adverse outcomes. Berberine (BBR), a natural compound with well‐established anti‐fibrotic and neuroprotective properties, has not been extensively studied in the context of glial activation under hyperammonaemic conditions. This study evaluates the neuroprotective potential of BBR in a thioacetamide (TAA)‐induced HE rat model, focusing on its effects on glial activation and NLRP3 inflammasome signalling. Methods: Neurological impairments were assessed using open field tests and sensory analysis. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expression of glial and neuronal markers, tight junction proteins and NLRP3 inflammasome components in the cortex and hippocampus. Histopathological and molecular changes were further examined using H&E, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Key Results: BBR treatment significantly improved behavioural abnormalities and reduced systemic ammonia levels in TAA‐exposed rats. It restored blood–brain barrier integrity, as evidenced by reduced tight junction protein degradation. BBR inhibited the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome markers, including caspase‐1, IL‐1β, ASC, and NF‐κB, while reducing glial cell activation (IBA‐1 and GFAP). Notably, BBR diminished NLRP3 expression in glial cells, indicating its potent anti‐inflammatory effects. Additionally, BBR preserved neuronal integrity, as demonstrated by the maintained expression of MAP‐2 and NeuN and reduced cleaved Gasdermin D levels. Conclusions: These findings suggest that BBR alleviates behavioural and molecular abnormalities in HE through NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing HE.
Bootstrap‐Based Control Chart for Percentiles of the Generalized Lognormal Distribution With Reliability Applications
Authors: Panda Shantayan , Wang Min 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe generalized lognormal (GLN) distribution, which extends the lognormal distribution by incorporating the Box–Cox transformation, is commonly used for modeling datasets that exhibit right‐skewed behavior. However, statistical control charts related to GLN percentiles, which are essential indicators of product quality for certain products, have not been explored in the existing literature. Additionally, the Shewhart‐type control chart may not be suitable for monitoring GLN percentiles, as the sampling distributions of percentile estimators are often unknown or not bell‐shaped, particularly when dealing with relatively small sample sizes. In this paper, we propose a bootstrap‐based control chart to monitor GLN percentiles and also establish the Shewhart‐type control chart using normality approximations. We conduct extensive Monte Carlo simulations to compare the finite‐sample performance of the two proposed control charts. Numerical results show that the proposed bootstrap control chart generally outperforms the Shewhart‐type control chart in terms of the average run length and the standard deviation of run length. A real‐data application is also provided for illustrative purposes.
Systematic Characterization of the Chemical Constituents of in Vitro and in Vivo of Astragali Radix‐Salvia miltiorrhiza Herb Pair by Ultra‐High‐Performance‐Liquid Chromatography‐Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Shu Lexin , Zhang Shumin , Qian Jun , Liu Sitong , Qiu Huixin , Zhao Qiduo , Deng Yanru , Li Yubo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleAstragali radix‐Salvia miltiorrhiza (AR‐SM) is an herb pair with good therapeutic effects and is widely used. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo components of AR‐SM were quickly classified and identified based on UHPLC‐orbital mass spectrometry. This provided a basis for clarifying the bioactive substances after compatibility of AR and SM.MethodsFirstly, the related literature of AR and SM were searched through PubMed and CNKI databases, and the molecular formula, retention time, mass spectrum fragments, and other information of its chemical components were sorted out to establish a component database. Extract, blank plasma and drug‐containing plasma were analyzed by UHPLC orbital mass spectrometry technology, and then the data were processed by Xcalibur software. Combined with databases and literature, the in vivo and in vitro components of AR‐SM were comprehensively analyzed.ResultsA total of 142 components were identified in the extract of AR‐SM. The cleavage patterns of flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, saponins, and phenylpropanoids were summarized. Meanwhile, 89 compounds were tentatively identified in rat plasma, including 73 prototypes and 16 metabolites. The main metabolic pathways included oxidation, reduction, methylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation.
Memory‐Based Adaptive Event‐Triggered Filter Subject to Hybrid Cyber Attacks and Input Limitation
Authors: Zhi Ya‐Li , Liu Bing , Liao Suyin , He Shuping 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the design of a secure memory‐based adaptive event‐triggered filter for networked systems subject to hybrid cyber attacks and input limitations. First, a hybrid attack model incorporating denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks, deception attacks, and replay attacks is established for filter design. Second, a novel memory‐based adaptive event‐triggered strategy sensitive to cyber attacks is introduced into the filter design to save network resources, optimize network channel utilization, and prevent network congestion. Subsequently, a novel event‐triggered filtering error model is established under hybrid cyber attacks and input limitations. Utilizing Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques, sufficient conditions can be concluded to prove the exponential mean‐square stability of the filtering error model with a given performance index. Finally, the effectiveness and the practicality of the obtained conclusions are demonstrated by a numerical simulation and tunnel diode circuit.
Snap‐through instability in mechanical metamaterials
Authors: Yan Sen , Wu Lingling , Wen Yongzheng , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Ji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSnap‐through instability, a rapid transition between equilibrium states, has emerged as a crucial mechanism for designing mechanical metamaterials with novel functionalities, including fast motion, energy modulation, and bistable deformation. Metamaterials with snap‐through instability, known as snapping metamaterials, have enabled diverse applications, such as robotics, sensing, energy absorption, shape reconfiguration, and mechanical intelligence. Given the importance of these advancements, a comprehensive review of this field is highly desired. This paper provides an overview of recent research on snapping metamaterials, focusing on their design strategies and applications. Here, we summarized snapping metamaterials in several respects, including beam‐based structures, shell‐based structures, and origami/kirigami designs, according to their basic elements, alongside a brief discussion of their unique deformation mechanisms. Furthermore, the potential applications of snapping metamaterials are presented in terms of motion, energy, and deformation. To conclude, perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this emerging field are highlighted, offering insights into the future research and development of snapping metamaterials.
How Solar, Wind, and Biomass Energy Create Sustainable Pathways Towards Green Economic Growth? Insights From the Top Five Global Renewable Energy Economies
Authors: Liao Xiaoli , Bresciani Stefano , Troise Ciro , Bukhari Waqar Ali Ather , Bukhari Azaz Ali Ather 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe global transition towards cleaner energy such as solar, wind and biomass play a crucial role in mitigating environmental damage and fostering green economic growth. This study explores the impact of solar, wind and biomass energy on green economic growth in the top five renewable energy‐consuming economies, namely China, United States, Germany, India and Brazil based on data from 1995 to 2022. To empirically analyze the results and the robustness of our findings, we employ the fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic least squares (DOLS) methods respectively. We find that solar, wind and biomass energy significantly contribute to green economic growth. Furthermore, it emerges that solar energy has the highest positive and statistically significant effect on green economic growth, followed by wind and biomass energy. The policy recommendations are to establish an integrated energy network, increase energy investments in research and development and focus on international cooperation for efficient utilization of renewable energy resources. This research presents recommendations for policymakers on how they can support the green economy for the achievement of sustainable development goals.