bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐Temporal Coarse‐Graining Decomposition of the Global Ocean Geostrophic Kinetic Energy
Authors: Buzzicotti M. , Storer B. A. , Khatri H. , Griffies S. M. , Aluie H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe expand on a recent determination of the first global energy spectrum of the ocean's surface geostrophic circulation (Storer et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33031-3) using a coarse‐graining (CG) method. We compare spectra from CG to those from spherical harmonics by treating land in a manner consistent with the boundary conditions. While the two methods yield qualitatively consistent domain‐averaged results, spherical harmonics spectra are too noisy at gyre‐scales (>1,000 km). More importantly, spherical harmonics are inherently global and cannot provide local information connecting scales with currents geographically. CG shows that the extra‐tropics mesoscales (100–500 km) have a root‐mean‐square (rms) velocity of ∼15 cm/s, which increases to ∼30–40 cm/s locally in the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio and to ∼16–28 cm/s in the ACC. There is notable hemispheric asymmetry in mesoscale energy‐per‐area, which is higher in the north due to continental boundaries. We estimate that ≈25%–50% of total geostrophic energy is at scales smaller than 100 km, and is un(der)‐resolved by pre‐SWOT satellite products. Spectra of the time‐mean circulation show that most of its energy (up to 70%) resides in stationary eddies with characteristic scales smaller than (<500 km). This highlights the preponderance of “standing” small‐scale structures in the global ocean due to the temporally coherent forcing by boundaries. By coarse‐graining in space and time, we compute the first spatio‐temporal global spectrum of geostrophic circulation from AVISO and NEMO. These spectra show that every length‐scale evolves over a wide range of time‐scales with a consistent peak at ≈200 km and ≈2–3 weeks.
Widespread Bradyrhizobium distribution of diverse Type III effectors that trigger legume nodulation in the absence of Nod factor
Authors: Camuel Alicia , Teulet Albin , Carcagno Mélanie , Haq Fazal , Pacquit Valérie , Gully Djamel , Pervent Marjorie , Chaintreuil Clémence , Fardoux Joël , Horta-Araujo Natasha , Okazaki Shin , Ratu Safirah Tasa Nerves , Gueye Fatou , Zilli Jerri , Nouwen Nico , Arrighi Jean-François , Luo Haiwei , Mergaert Peter , Deslandes Laurent , Giraud Eric 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The establishment of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis is generally based on plant perception of Nod factors (NFs) synthesized by the bacteria. However, some Bradyrhizobium strains can nodulate certain legume species, such as Aeschynomene spp. or Glycine max, independently of NFs, and via two different processes that are distinguished by the necessity or not of a type III secretion system (T3SS). ErnA is the first known type III effector (T3E) triggering nodulation in Aeschynomene indica. In this study, a collection of 196 sequenced Bradyrhizobium strains was tested on A. indica. Only strains belonging to the photosynthetic supergroup can develop a NF-T3SS-independent symbiosis, while the ability to use a T3SS-dependent process is found in multiple supergroups. Of these, 14 strains lacking ernA were tested by mutagenesis to identify new T3Es triggering nodulation. We discovered a novel T3E, Sup3, a putative SUMO-protease without similarity to ErnA. Its mutation in Bradyrhizobium strains NAS96.2 and WSM1744 abolishes nodulation and its introduction in an ernA mutant of strain ORS3257 restores nodulation. Moreover, ectopic expression of sup3 in A. indica roots led to the formation of spontaneous nodules. We also report three other new T3Es, Ubi1, Ubi2 and Ubi3, which each contribute to the nodulation capacity of strain LMTR13. These T3Es have no homology to known proteins but share with ErnA three motifs necessary for ErnA activity. Together, our results highlight an unsuspected distribution and diversity of T3Es within the Bradyrhizobium genus that may contribute to their symbiotic efficiency by participating in triggering legume nodulation.
A family of oxychloride amorphous solid electrolytes for long-cycling all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Zhang Shumin , Zhao Feipeng , Chen Jiatang , Fu Jiamin , Luo Jing , Alahakoon Sandamini H. , Chang Lo-Yueh , Feng Renfei , Shakouri Mohsen , Liang Jianwen , Zhao Yang , Li Xiaona , He Le , Huang Yining , Sham Tsun-Kong , Sun Xueliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolid electrolyte is vital to ensure all-solid-state batteries with improved safety, long cyclability, and feasibility at different temperatures. Herein, we report a new family of amorphous solid electrolytes, xLi2O-MCly (M = Ta or Hf, 0.8 ≤ x ≤ 2, y = 5 or 4). xLi2O-MCly amorphous solid electrolytes can achieve desirable ionic conductivities up to 6.6 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C, which is one of the highest values among all the reported amorphous solid electrolytes and comparable to those of the popular crystalline ones. The mixed-anion structural models of xLi2O-MCly amorphous SEs are well established and correlated to the ionic conductivities. It is found that the oxygen-jointed anion networks with abundant terminal chlorines in xLi2O-MCly amorphous solid electrolytes play an important role for the fast Li-ion conduction. More importantly, all-solid-state batteries using the amorphous solid electrolytes show excellent electrochemical performance at both 25 °C and −10 °C. Long cycle life (more than 2400 times of charging and discharging) can be achieved for all-solid-state batteries using the xLi2O-TaCl5 amorphous solid electrolyte at 400 mA g−1, demonstrating vast application prospects of the oxychloride amorphous solid electrolytes.
Temperature-dependent rearrangement of gas molecules in ultramicroporous materials for tunable adsorption of CO2 and C2H2
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqiang , Chen Yinlin , Chai Kungang , Kang Chengjun , Peh Shing Bo , Li He , Ren Junyu , Shi Xiansong , Han Xue , Dejoie Catherine , Day Sarah J. , Yang Sihai , Zhao Dan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe interactions between adsorbed gas molecules within porous metal-organic frameworks are crucial to gas selectivity but remain poorly explored. Here, we report the modulation of packing geometries of CO2and C2H2clusters within the ultramicroporous CUK-1 material as a function of temperature. In-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals a unique temperature-dependent reversal of CO2and C2H2adsorption affinities on CUK-1, which is validated by gas sorption and dynamic breakthrough experiments, affording high-purity C2H2(99.95%) from the equimolar mixture of C2H2/CO2via a one-step purification process. At low temperatures (<253 K), CUK-1 preferentially adsorbs CO2with both high selectivity (>10) and capacity (170 cm3g−1) owing to the formation of CO2tetramers that simultaneously maximize the guest-guest and host-guest interactions. At room temperature, conventionally selective adsorption of C2H2is observed. The selectivity reversal, structural robustness, and facile regeneration of CUK-1 suggest its potential for producing high-purity C2H2by temperature-swing sorption.
Determining spin-orbit coupling in graphene by quasiparticle interference imaging
Authors: Sun Lihuan , Rademaker Louk , Mauro Diego , Scarfato Alessandro , Pásztor Árpád , Gutiérrez-Lezama Ignacio , Wang Zhe , Martinez-Castro Jose , Morpurgo Alberto F. , Renner Christoph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInducing and controlling spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in graphene is key to create topological states of matter, and for the realization of spintronic devices. Placing graphene onto a transition metal dichalcogenide is currently the most successful strategy to achieve this goal, but there is no consensus as to the nature and the magnitude of the induced SOC. Here, we show that the presence of backscattering in graphene-on-WSe2 heterostructures can be used to probe SOC and to determine its strength quantitatively, by imaging quasiparticle interference with a scanning tunneling microscope. A detailed theoretical analysis of the Fourier transform of quasiparticle interference images reveals that the induced SOC consists of a valley-Zeeman (λvZ ≈ 2 meV) and a Rashba (λR ≈ 15 meV) term, one order of magnitude larger than what theory predicts, but in excellent agreement with earlier transport experiments. The validity of our analysis is confirmed by measurements on a 30 degree twist angle heterostructure that exhibits no backscattering, as expected from symmetry considerations. Our results demonstrate a viable strategy to determine SOC quantitatively by imaging quasiparticle interference.
Halide-assisted differential growth of chiral nanoparticles with threefold rotational symmetry
Authors: Zheng Jiapeng , Boukouvala Christina , Lewis George R. , Ma Yicong , Chen Yang , Ringe Emilie , Shao Lei , Huang Zhifeng , Wang Jianfang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnriching the library of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles that can be chemically mass-produced will greatly facilitate the applications of chiral plasmonics in areas ranging from constructing optical metamaterials to sensing chiral molecules and activating immune cells. Here we report on a halide-assisted differential growth strategy that can direct the anisotropic growth of chiral Au nanoparticles with tunable sizes and diverse morphologies. Anisotropic Au nanodisks are employed as seeds to yield triskelion-shaped chiral nanoparticles with threefold rotational symmetry and high dissymmetry factors. The averaged scattering g-factors of the l- and d-nanotriskelions are as large as 0.57 and − 0.49 at 650 nm, respectively. The Au nanotriskelions have been applied in chiral optical switching devices and chiral nanoemitters. We also demonstrate that the manipulation of the directional growth rate enables the generation of a variety of chiral morphologies in the presence of homochiral ligands.
Embedding oxophilic rare-earth single atom in platinum nanoclusters for efficient hydrogen electro-oxidation
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Tong Yanfu , Feng Wenting , Liu Pengyun , Li Xuejin , Cui Yongpeng , Cai Tonghui , Zhao Lianming , Xue Qingzhong , Yan Zifeng , Yuan Xun , Xing Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDesigning Pt-based electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and CO tolerance is challenging but extremely desirable for alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction. Herein we report the design of a series of single-atom lanthanide (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Lu)-embedded ultrasmall Pt nanoclusters for efficient alkaline hydrogen electro-oxidation catalysis based on vapor filling and spatially confined reduction/growth of metal species. Mechanism studies reveal that oxophilic single-atom lanthanide species in Pt nanoclusters can serve as the Lewis acid site for selective OH-adsorption and regulate the binding strength of intermediates on Pt sites, which promotes the kinetics of hydrogen oxidation and CO oxidation by accelerating the combination of OH−and *H/*CO in kinetics and thermodynamics, endowing the electrocatalyst with up to 14.3-times higher mass activity than commercial Pt/C and enhanced CO tolerance. This work may shed light on the design of metal nanocluster-based electrocatalysts for energy conversion.
Altering the spectroscopy, electronic structure, and bonding of organometallic curium(III) upon coordination of 4,4′−bipyridine
Authors: Long Brian N. , Beltrán-Leíva María J. , Sperling Joseph M. , Poe Todd N. , Celis-Barros Cristian , Albrecht-Schönzart Thomas E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStructural and electronic characterization of (Cp′3Cm)2(μ−4,4′−bpy) (Cp′ = trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl, 4,4′−bpy = 4,4′−bipyridine) is reported and provides a rare example of curium−carbon bonding. Cp′3Cm displays unexpectedly low energy emission that is quenched upon coordination by 4,4′−bipyridine. Electronic structure calculations on Cp′3Cm and (Cp′3Cm)2(μ−4,4′−bpy) rule out significant differences in the emissive state, rendering 4,4′−bipyridine as the primary quenching agent. Comparisons of (Cp′3Cm)2(μ−4,4′−bpy) with its samarium and gadolinium analogues reveal atypical bonding patterns and electronic features that offer insights into bonding between carbon with f-block metal ions. Here we show the structural characterization of a curium−carbon bond, in addition to the unique electronic properties never before observed in a curium compound.
Offshore freshened groundwater in the Pearl River estuary and shelf as a significant water resource
Authors: Sheng Chong , Jiao Jiu Jimmy , Luo Xin , Zuo Jinchao , Jia Lei , Cao Jinghe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLarge-river deltaic estuaries and adjacent continental shelves have experienced multiple phases of transgressions and regressions to form interlayered aquifer-aquitard systems and are expected to host vast paleo-terrestrial groundwater hundreds of kilometres offshore. Here, we used offshore hydrogeology, marine geophysical reflections, porewater geochemistry, and paleo-hydrogeological models, and identified a previously unknown offshore freshened groundwater body with a static volume up to 575.6 ± 44.9 km3 in the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent continental shelf, with the freshwater extending as far as 55 km offshore. An integrated analysis of stable isotopic compositions and water quality indices reveals the meteoric origins of such freshened groundwater and its significance as potential potable water or raw water source for desalination. Hotspots of offshore freshened groundwater in large-river deltaic estuaries and adjacent continental shelves, likely a global phenomenon, have a great potential for exploitable water resources in highly urbanized coastal areas suffering from freshwater shortage.
Coherent heteroepitaxial growth of I-III-VI2 Ag(In,Ga)S2 colloidal nanocrystals with near-unity quantum yield for use in luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Lee Hak June , Im Seongbin , Jung Dongju , Kim Kyuri , Chae Jong Ah , Lim Jaemin , Park Jeong Woo , Shin Doyoon , Char Kookheon , Jeong Byeong Guk , Park Ji-Sang , Hwang Euyheon , Lee Doh C. , Park Young-Shin , Song Hyung-Jun , Chang Jun Hyuk , Bae Wan Ki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractColloidal Ag(In,Ga)S2 nanocrystals (AIGS NCs) with the band gap tunability by their size and composition within visible range have garnered surging interest. High absorption cross-section and narrow emission linewidth of AIGS NCs make them ideally suited to address the challenges of Cd-free NCs in wide-ranging photonic applications. However, AIGS NCs have shown relatively underwhelming photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) to date, primarily because coherent heteroepitaxy has not been realized. Here, we report the heteroepitaxy for AIGS-AgGaS2 (AIGS-AGS) core-shell NCs bearing near-unity PL QYs in almost full visible range (460 to 620 nm) and enhanced photochemical stability. Key to the successful growth of AIGS-AGS NCs is the use of the Ag-S-Ga(OA)2 complex, which complements the reactivities among cations for both homogeneous AIGS cores in various compositions and uniform AGS shell growth. The heteroepitaxy between AIGS and AGS results in the Type I heterojunction that effectively confines charge carriers within the emissive core without optically active interfacial defects. AIGS-AGS NCs show higher extinction coefficient and narrower spectral linewidth compared to state-of-the-art heavy metal-free NCs, prompting their immediate use in practicable applications including displays and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs).
Ultracompact single-nanowire-morphed grippers driven by vectorial Lorentz forces for dexterous robotic manipulations
Authors: Yan Jiang , Zhang Ying , Liu Zongguang , Wang Junzhuan , Xu Jun , Yu Linwei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUltracompact and soft pairwise grippers, capable of swift large-amplitude multi-dimensional maneuvering, are widely needed for high-precision manipulation, assembly and treatment of microscale objects. In this work, we demonstrate the simplest construction of such robotic structures, shaped via a single-nanowire-morphing and powered by geometry-tailored Lorentz vectorial forces. This has been accomplished via a designable folding growth of ultralong and ultrathin silicon NWs into single and nested omega-ring structures, which can then be suspended upon electrode frames and coated with silver metal layer to carry a passing current along geometry-tailored pathway. Within a magnetic field, the grippers can be driven by the Lorentz forces to demonstrate swift large-amplitude maneuvers of grasping, flapping and twisting of microscale objects, as well as high-frequency or even resonant vibrations to overcome sticky van de Waals forces in microscale for a reliable releasing of carried payloads. More sophisticated and functional teamwork of mutual alignment, precise passing and selective light-emitting-diode unit testing and installation were also successfully accomplished via pairwise gripper collaborations. This single-nanowire-morphing strategy provides an ideal platform to rapidly design, construct and prototype a wide range of advanced ultracompact nanorobotic, mechanical sensing and biological manipulation functionalities.
Interaction between tissue-dwelling helminth and the gut microbiota drives mucosal immunoregulation
Authors: Wang Yugui , Guo Aijiang , Zou Yang , Mu Wenjie , Zhang Shengying , Shi Zhiqi , Liu Zhongli , Cai Xuepeng , Zhu Xing-Quan , Wang Shuai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTissue-dwelling helminths affect billions of people around the world. They are potent manipulators of the host immune system, prominently by promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs) and are generally associated with a modified host gut microbiome. However, the role of the gut microbiota in the immunomodulatory processes for these non-intestinal parasites is still unclear. In the present study, we used an extra-intestinal cestode helminth model-larval Echinococcus multilocularis to explore the tripartite partnership (host-helminth-bacteria) in the context of regulating colonic Tregs in Balb/c mice. We showed that larval E. multilocularis infection in the peritoneal cavity attenuated colitis in Balb/c mice and induced a significant expansion of colonic Foxp3+ Treg populations. Fecal microbiota depletion and transplantation experiments showed that the gut microbiota contributed to increasing Tregs after the helminth infection. Shotgun metagenomic and metabolic analyses revealed that the gut microbiome structure after infection was significantly shifted with a remarkable increase of Lactobacillus reuteri and that the microbial metabolic capability was reprogrammed to produce more Treg cell regulator-short-chain fatty acids in feces. Furthermore, we also prove that the L. reuteri strain elevated in infected mice was sufficient to promote the colonic Treg frequency and its growth was potentially associated with T cell-dependent immunity in larval E. multilocularis infection. Collectively, these findings indicate that the extraintestinal helminth drives expansions of host colonic Tregs through the gut microbes. This study suggests that the gut microbiome serves as a critical component of anti-inflammation effects even for a therapy based on an extraintestinal helminth.
Accelerating materials-space exploration for thermal insulators by mapping materials properties via artificial intelligence
Authors: Purcell Thomas A. R. , Scheffler Matthias , Ghiringhelli Luca M. , Carbogno Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReliable artificial-intelligence models have the potential to accelerate the discovery of materials with optimal properties for various applications, including superconductivity, catalysis, and thermoelectricity. Advancements in this field are often hindered by the scarcity and quality of available data and the significant effort required to acquire new data. For such applications, reliable surrogate models that help guide materials space exploration using easily accessible materials properties are urgently needed. Here, we present a general, data-driven framework that provides quantitative predictions as well as qualitative rules for steering data creation for all datasets via a combination of symbolic regression and sensitivity analysis. We demonstrate the power of the framework by generating an accurate analytic model for the lattice thermal conductivity using only 75 experimentally measured values. By extracting the most influential material properties from this model, we are then able to hierarchically screen 732 materials and find 80 ultra-insulating materials.
Investigating genomic medicine practice and perceptions amongst Australian non-genetics physicians to inform education and implementation
Authors: Nisselle Amy , King Emily , Terrill Bronwyn , Davey Belinda , McClaren Belinda , Dunlop Kate , Graves Debra , Metcalfe Sylvia , Gaff Clara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenomic medicine is being implemented on a global scale, requiring a genomic-competent health workforce. To inform education as part of implementation strategies to optimize adoption of genomics by non-genetics physicians, we investigated current practices, perceptions and preferences relating to genomic testing and education. Australian non-genetics physicians completed an online survey; we conducted univariate and multivariate analyses of determinants of confidence and engagement with genomic medicine. Confident or engaged respondents were more likely to be pediatricians, have completed continuing genomics education (CGE) and/or have genomics research experience. Confident or engaged respondents were also more likely to prefer to request genomic testing with support from genetics services than other models. Respondents who had completed CGE and were engaged reported higher confidence than those who were not engaged. We propose a progression of genomic competence aligned with service delivery models, where education is one enabler of mastery or independence to facilitate genomic tests (from referral to requesting with or without clinical genetics support). Workplace learning could provide additional impetus for adoption.
To restrict or not to restrict? Practical considerations for optimizing dietary protein interactions on levodopa absorption in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Rusch C. , Flanagan R. , Suh H. , Subramanian I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdministration of levodopa for Parkinson’s disease (PD) has remained the most effective therapy for symptom management despite being in use for over 50 years. Advancing disease and age, changing tolerability and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction may result in change in dietary habits and body weight, as well as unpredictable motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Dietary proteins which convert into amino acids after digestion are implicated as major factors that inhibit levodopa absorption. For people living with PD (PwP) who experience motor fluctuations, low protein diets (LPD) and protein redistribution diets (PRD) may be effective and are often recommended as a non-pharmacologic approach for improving levodopa bioavailability. However, there is a lack of consensus on a standard definition of these diets and appropriate treatment algorithms for usage. This may be due to the paucity of high-level evidence of LPD and PRD in PwP and whether all or specific subgroups of patients would benefit from these strategies. Managing diet and protein intake with proper education and monitoring may reduce complications associated with these diets such as dyskinesias and unintentional weight loss. Additionally, alterations to medications and GI function may alter levodopa pharmacokinetics. In this narrative review we focus on 1) mechanisms of dietary protein and levodopa absorption in the intestine and blood brain barrier, 2) dietetic approaches to manage protein and levodopa interactions and 3) practical issues for treating PwP as well as future directions to be considered.