bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children and Restraints Study in Emergency Ambulance Transport
Authors: Cochran-Caggiano Nicholas , Till Sara , Holt Christian , Lang Nicholas , Ata Ashar , Cerone Jennifer , Dailey Michael W. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to identify the pediatric transport methods used by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel in our area and to highlight the need for federal standards to unify prehospital transport of children.MethodsChildren and Restraints Study in Emergency Ambulance Transport is a retrospective observational study of EMS arrivals to an academic pediatric emergency department for 1 year. Review of existing security footage from the ambulance entrance focused on the appropriateness of the selected restraints and the correctness of their application. A total of 3034 encounters were adequate for review and were matched to an emergency department encounter. Weight and age were identified from the chart. Patient weight was used in conjunction with video review to assess for the appropriateness of restraint selection.ResultsA total of 53.5% (1622) of patients were transported using a weight appropriate device or restraint system. In 77.1% of all cases (2339), the devices or restraint systems were applied incorrectly. The best results were observed for commercial pediatric restraint devices (54.5% secured appropriately) and for convertible car seats (55.5%). Ambulance cot was used alone in 69.35% of all transports despite it being the appropriate choice in just 18.2% of transports.ConclusionsOur findings confirmed that most pediatric patients transported by EMS are not appropriately secured and are at increased injury in a crash and potentially during normal vehicle operation. Opportunity exists for regulators, industry, and leaders in EMS and pediatrics to develop fiscally and operationally prudent techniques and devices to improve the safety of children in ambulances.
Improving the Hope and Happiness of Patients With an Ostomy
Authors: Farmitani Zakieh , Farokhzadian Jamileh , Azizzadeh Forouzi Mansooreh , Ramezani Tahereh , Ebrahimnejad Zarandi Batool 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group cognitive therapy (GCT) on hope and happiness in patients with ostomy.

DESIGN:
A single-group before-after study.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The sample comprised 30 patients living with an ostomy for at least 30 days. Their mean age was 64.5 (SD 10.5) years; most were male (66.7%, n = 20).

METHODS:
The study setting was a large ostomy care center in the city of Kerman, located in southeastern Iran. The intervention was 12 GCT sessions, each lasted 90 minutes. Data were collected before and 1 month after GCT sessions using a questionnaire designed for purposes of this study. The questionnaire queried demographic and pertinent clinical data, and incorporated 2 validated instruments: the Miller Hope Scale and the Oxford Happiness Inventory.

RESULTS:
The mean pretest score on the Miller Hope Scale was 121.9 (SD 16.7) and the mean score on the Oxford Happiness Scale was 31.9 (SD 7.8); posttest mean scores were 180.4 (SD 12.1) and 53.4 (SD 8.3), respectively. Scores on both instruments significantly increased in patients living with an ostomy following 3 GCT sessions (P = .0001).

CONCLUSION:
Findings suggest that GCT enhances hope and happiness in persons living with an ostomy.
The Influence of Absorbent Products on Skin Integrity
Authors: Lindsay Carly , Wolfe Lauren , Ductan Charline , LeBlanc Kimberly 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE:
Absorbent products are commonly used to absorb urine and fecal matter and to mitigate potential skin complications such as incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). Evidence concerning the effect these products have on skin integrity is limited. This scoping review aimed to explore the evidence/literature on the effect of absorbent containment products on skin integrity.

METHOD:
A scoping literature review.

SEARCH STRATEGY:
The electronic databases CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched for published articles between 2014 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were studies that focused on urinary and/or fecal incontinence, use of incontinent absorbent containment products, impact on skin integrity, and published in English. The search identified a total of 441 articles that were identified for the title and abstract review.

FINDINGS:
Twelve studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Variability in the study designs did not allow firm conclusions regarding which absorbent products contributed to or prevented IAD. Specifically, we found variations in assessment of IAD, study settings, and types of products used.

IMPLICATIONS:
There is insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of one product category over another for maintaining skin integrity in persons with urinary or fecal incontinence. This paucity of evidence illustrates the need for standardized terminology, a widely used instrument for assessment of IAD, and identification of a standard absorbent product. Additional research using both in vitro and in vivo models, along with real-world clinical studies, is needed to enhance current knowledge and evidence of the impact of absorbent products on skin integrity.
Antimicrobial Resistance Rates in Gram-positive Uropathogens in Duhok city, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Mohamed Alan Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections world-wide. Antibiotic resistance is an important medical problem because there is an increasing trend of antibiotic resistance worldwide making it harder to eliminate uropathogens. Antibiotic resistance shows a geographical variation. Hence, local studies are necessary to determine prevalence of uroptahogens among UTI patients. Thus, this study was conducted to determine prevalence of uropathogens among UTI patients and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern from the data of 12 years period from 2010 to 2022 in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, IraqMaterials and methodsThis study was conducted by retrieving 12-year laboratory records between 2010–2022. data were collected from Azadi teaching hospital in Duhok city in Kurdistan region in northern Iraq. uropathogen species were identified by routine laboratory methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed manually and by Vitek-2 automated susceptibility system.ResultsThe results of gram-positive urine pathogens of 249 patients showed Staphylococcus haemolyticus (20.9%) was the most common isolated pathogen, followed by staphylococcus aureus (7.6%), Streptococcus Agalactiae (6.4%) and Enterococcus spp. (6%). S. haemolyticus had highest resistance to nitrofurantoin (61.5%) and lowest amikacin (34.3%). S. aureus showed highest resistance to penicillin 73.3% and highest sensitivity to amikacin (78.9%).in our study, Streptococcus agalactiae had the highest sensitivity to vancomycin (%87.5). 93.3% of enterococcus spp. were resistant to tetracycline.ConclusionUTIs are more common in female than in male and coagulase-negative Staph species (Staphylococcus spp) are the most commonly isolated pathogens. This study found antimicrobial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics are high. Hence, an urgent plan to control antimicrobial resistance is necessary in our area.
Polygenic analyses show important differences between MDD symptoms collected using PHQ9 and CIDI-SF
Authors: Huang Lianyun , Tang Sonja , Rietkerk Jolien , Appadurai Vivek , Krebs Morten Dybdahl , Schork Andrew J. , Werge Thomas , Zuber Verena , Kendler Kenneth , Cai Na 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSymptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are commonly assessed using self-rating instruments like the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9, for current symptoms), and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short-Form (CIDI-SF, for lifetime worst-episode symptoms). Using data from the UKBiobank, we show that corresponding symptoms endorsed through PHQ9 and CIDI-SF have low to moderate genetic correlations (rG=0.43-0.87), and this cannot be fully attributed to different severity thresholds or the use of a skip-structure in CIDI-SF. Through a combination of Mendelian Randomization (MR) and polygenic prediction analyses, we find that PHQ9 symptoms are more associated with traits which reflect general dysphoria, while the skip-structure in CIDI-SF allows for the identification of heterogeneity among likely MDD cases. This has important implications on factor analyses performed on their respective genetic covariance matrices for the purpose of identification of genetic factors behind MDD symptom dimensions and heterogeneity.
Comparing the risks of environmental carcinogenic chemicals in Japan using the loss of happy life expectancy indicator
Authors: Murakami Michio , Ono Kyoko , Takebayashi Yoshitake , Tsubokura Masaharu , Nomura Shuhei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to use the loss of happy life expectancy (LHpLE), an indicator that enables risk assessment considering wellbeing, to compare the risks of environmental carcinogenic chemicals in Japan. First, we surveyed Japanese people to determine their emotional happiness by age and sex and evaluated whether cancer incidence reduced emotional happiness. Questionnaires were administered to a general population panel and a panel of patients with cancer in 2022, recruiting a predetermined number of responses of 5000 and 850, respectively. Second, using the survey data, LHpLE was calculated for radon, arsenic, and fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm; PM2.5) and compared to psychological distress, considering increased mortality and decreased emotional happiness due to these risks. We discovered no significant decrease in emotional happiness due to cancer incidence and no significant associations between emotional happiness and cancer type, history, or stage. LHpLE was calculated to be 6.4 × 10−3years for radon, 2.6 × 10−3years for arsenic, 1.1 × 10−2years (2012 exposure) and 8.6 × 10−4years (2020 exposure) for PM2.5, and 9.7 × 10−1years for psychological distress. The fraction of losses caused by these carcinogenic chemicals to HpLE exceeded 10−5, suggesting that risk reduction for these chemicals is important in environmental policies. The LHpLE indicator allows for comparing different types of risks, such as environmental chemicals and psychological distress. This is the first study to compare chemical risks using the LHpLE indicator.
Latitude-specific urbanization effects on life history traits in the damselflyIschnura elegans
Authors: Palomar Gemma , Wos Guillaume , Stoks Robby , Sniegula Szymon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany species are currently adapting to cities at different latitudes. Adaptation to urbanization may require eco-evolutionary changes in response to temperature and invasive species that may differ between latitudes.Here, we studied single and combined effects of increased temperatures and invasive alien predator presence on the phenotypic response of replicated urban and rural populations of the damselflyIschnura elegansand contrasted these between central and high latitudes.Larvae were exposed to temperature treatments (current [20 ºC], mild warming [24 ºC], and heat wave [28 ºC; for high latitude only]) crossed with the presence or absence of chemical cues released by the spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus), only present at the central latitude. We measured treatment effects on larval development time, mass, and growth rate.Urbanization type affected all life history traits, yet these responses were often dependent on latitude, temperature, and sex. Mild warming decreased mass in rural and increased growth rate in urban populations. The effects of urbanization on mass were latitude-dependent, with central-latitude populations having a greater phenotypic difference. Urbanization effects were sex-specific with urban males being lighter and having a lower growth rate than rural males. At the current temperature and mild warming, the predator cue reduced the growth rate, and this independently of urbanization level and latitude of origin. This pattern was reversed during a heat wave in high-latitude damselflies.Our results highlight the context-dependency of evolutionary and plastic responses to urbanisation, and caution for generalizing how populations respond to cities based on populations at a single latitude.
Dominant Role of Stochastic Processes in Soil Fungal Communities in Pioneer Forests at a Regional Scale
Authors: Man Xiaowu , Zeng Qingchao , Zhou Meng , Martin Francis M. , Zhang Feng , Liu Honggao , Yuan Yuan , Dai Yucheng 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTSoil fungal community assembly is driven by deterministic and stochastic processes. However, the contribution of these mechanisms to structure the composition of fungal communities of forest soils at the regional scale is poorly known. Here, we investigate the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes on fungal community composition by rDNA ITS metabarcoding in aPopulus davidianapioneer forests along spatial-temporal gradients. We also assessed the impact of elevation and seasonality. The soil fungal richness ofP. davidianapioneer forests was significantly affected by elevation and less affected by season. Similarly, the variation in the fungal community composition according to the elevation was greater than the effect of seasonality. The fungal community composition showed a significant distance-decay relationship. Variation partitioning analysis showed that plant variables explained the soil fungal community variation. Through null model analysis, we found that stochastic processes were dominant in the soil fungal community assembly. However, the relative importance of ecological processes, including dispersal, selection, and drift, was not consistent across the four soil fungal community assemblies. In addition, the undominated fraction (including weak selection, weak dispersal, diversification and drift) had a high relative contribution to the soil fungal community assembly process in theP. davidianapioneer forest. In summary, our results demonstrated that plant variables and the undominated fraction dominate the deterministic and stochastic processes driving soil fungal community assemblies in aP. davidianapioneer forest at the regional scale, which provides new perspectives for the regional scale studies of soil fungi.IMPORTANCEElevation and seasonality are important factors driving the composition of soil microbiota. Due to the tight interactions of soil fungi with their host trees in forest ecosystems, the spatial variation of soil fungal community is often linked to the variation in the composition of dominant tree species. We compared the responses of soil fungal communities to seasonal and spatial changes at four levels in a temperate poplar forest dominated by a single tree species under elevation changes. Elevation had a higher impact than seasonality on the soil fungal beta diversity. Even when the shift in dominant tree species was limited, vegetation factors still impact soil fungal community variations. The dominant role of homogeneous selection and drift in fungal community assemblies, except for ectomycorrhizal fungi, was further discovered.
An assessment of rates and covariates of mpox diagnosis and vaccination provides evidence to refine eligibility criteria for mpox vaccination among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in the Netherlands
Authors: Adam Philippe C.G. , Op de Coul Eline L.M. , Zantkuijl Paul , Xiridou Maria , Bos Hanna , Blom Cor , Ketsuwan Itsada , te Wierik Margreet J.M. , David Silke , de Wit John B.F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe 2022 multicountry mpox outbreaks predominantly affected gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in non-endemic countries, including the Netherlands. We conducted a survey-based assessment of the alignment between the risk factors associated with mpox diagnosis among GBMSM in the Netherlands and the eligibility criteria used in 2022 for vaccinating this group, with the aim to refine these criteria.MethodsAn online self-report survey was conducted among adult GBMSM in the Netherlands between 29 July and 30 August 30, 2022, corresponding to the first month of the Dutch mpox vaccination campaign. GBMSM were recruited via advertisements on social media and gay dating apps. Participants reported on their sexual behaviour, mpox diagnosis, and/or (initial) mpox vaccination since the start of the outbreak. Covariables of mpox diagnosis and vaccination were assessed using logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf the 2,460 participants, 73 (3.0%, 95% CI 2.3%-3.6%) were diagnosed with mpox and 485 (19.7%, 95% CI 18.1%-21.3%) had received (initial) mpox vaccination. Using sample weighting, we estimated that, of the GBMSM population aged 18-80 years in the Netherlands, 1.1% (95% CI 0.7%-1.6%) had been diagnosed with mpox and 7.8% (95% CI 6.8%-8.9%) had received (initial) vaccination. HIV-PrEP use, living with HIV, reporting 20 or more sex partners in the past 12 months, and sex in sex venues/parties in the past 2 months were independent risk factors for mpox diagnosis. Except for sex in sex venues/parties, these variables were also independently associated with mpox vaccination.ConclusionThis study provides novel evidence regarding the degree to which eligibility criteria for mpox vaccination align with the risk factors for mpox among GBMSM in the Netherlands. The findings contribute to a refinement of the eligibility criteria for mpox vaccination, to which sex in sex venues/parties should be added.
Tozorakimab (MEDI3506): a dual-pharmacology anti-IL-33 antibody that inhibits IL-33 signalling via ST2 and RAGE/EGFR to reduce inflammation and epithelial dysfunction
Authors: England Elizabeth , Rees D. Gareth , Scott Ian Christopher , Carmen Sara , Chan Denice T. Y. , Chaillan Huntington Catherine E. , Houslay Kirsty F. , Erngren Teodor , Penney Mark , Majithiya Jayesh B. , Rapley Laura , Sims Dorothy A. , Hollins Claire , Hinchy Elizabeth C. , Strain Martin D. , Kemp Benjamin P. , Corkill Dominic J. , May Richard D. , Vousden Katherine A. , Butler Robin J. , Mustelin Tomas , Vaughan Tristan J. , Lowe David C. , Colley Caroline , Cohen E. Suzanne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterleukin (IL)-33 is a broad-acting alarmin cytokine that can drive inflammatory responses following tissue damage or infection and is a promising target for treatment of inflammatory disease. Here, we describe the identification of tozorakimab (MEDI3506), a potent, human anti-IL-33 monoclonal antibody, which can inhibit reduced IL-33 (IL-33red) and oxidized IL-33 (IL-33ox) activities through distinct serum-stimulated 2 (ST2) and receptor for advanced glycation end products - epidermal growth factor receptor (RAGE-EGFR complex) signalling pathways. We hypothesized that a therapeutic antibody would require an affinity higher than that of ST2 for IL-33, with an association rate greater than 107M−1s−1, to effectively neutralize IL-33 following rapid release from damaged tissue. An innovative antibody generation campaign identified tozorakimab, an antibody with a femtomolar affinity for IL-33redand a fast association rate (8.5 × 107M−1s−1), which was comparable to soluble ST2. Tozorakimab potently inhibited ST2-dependent inflammatory responses driven by IL-33 in primary human cells and in a murine model of lung epithelial injury. Additionally, tozorakimab prevented the oxidation of IL-33 and its activity via the RAGE/EGFR signalling pathway, thus increasingin vitroepithelial cell migration and repair. Tozorakimab is a novel therapeutic agent with a dual mechanism of action that blocks IL-33redand IL-33oxsignalling, offering potential to reduce inflammation and epithelial dysfunction in human disease.
Rhythm generating mechanisms in rat sino-atrial node and ventricle
Authors: Charles Jesi , Nedumaran Latha , Raman Swetha , Vinod Elizabeth , Rajasegaran Rajalakshmi , Vadivel Kamalakannan , Bhaskar Anand , Subramani Sathya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe major membrane currents responsible for sinoatrial and idioventricular rhythm-generation were studied in isolated rat heart preparations, perfused in Langendorff mode. The rates of whole isolated hearts beating with sinoatrial rhythm decreased with cesium and ivabradine, both blockers of the funny current, and were not affected by nickel, at a dose which blocks T-type calcium current. The sinoatrial rhythm was completely abolished by reduction or removal of sodium from the perfusate (interventions that inhibit calcium-extrusive mode of the sodium/calcium exchanger), or by nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker. Idioventricular rhythm, however, was arrested only by reduction of sodium in the perfusate. Ivabradine reduced the idioventricular rate, nickel did not cause any change, while nifedipine in some cases increased it. The inferences made based on these observations are that INCX and ICaL are obligatory rhythm-generating currents in the sinoatrial node, while INCX is the only obligatory mechanism for an idioventricular rhythm. The funny current is not an obligatory requirement for sinoatrial as well as idioventricular rhythm-generation. However, it enhances the frequency of LCRs. Our results in the isolated whole heart are in corroboration with results from isolated cells.
Chromium/cadmium plays a pivotal role to emerge amoxicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Islam Tajreen Naziba , Meem Foujia Samsad , Yasmin Rahena , Amin Mohammed Badrul , Rahman Tania , Dockrell David H. , Mohasin Md 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRationaleThe rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antimicrobials. Apart from horizontal gene transfer and plasmid mediated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) acquisition, co-exposure of heavy metals and antibiotics cause to emerge AMR Enterobacteriaceae. Heavy metals and antimicrobials co-exist in many environmental settings. We hypothesized that heavy metals and lower dose of antibiotic co-exposure may alter levels of antimicrobial susceptibility and facilitate to emerge AMR bacteria.MethodsThe growth kinetics of antimicrobial susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST80 was carried out in the presence of chromium/cadmium salt and a lower dose of antibiotics. Subsequently, the antimicrobials susceptibility patterns of heavy metals pre-exposed for 48 hours Staphylococcus aureus ST 80 was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.ResultsThe antimicrobial susceptibility profile revealed that the zone of inhibition (ZOI) for ampicillin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline significantly decreased in chromium pre-exposed Staphylococcus compared to unexposed bacteria. However, cadmium pre-exposed bacteria only showed significant decreased ZOI for amoxicillin. Moreover, the MIC of amoxicillin was increased by 8-fold in chromium and 32-fold in cadmium with a low-dose of amoxicillin co-exposed bacteria. Besides, the RT-qPCR data demonstrated that chromium and a low-dose of amoxicillin pre-exposed significantly increased the mRNA expression of femX (25-fold), mepA (19-fold) and norA (17-fold) in S. aureus.In essence, minimum levels of chromium/cadmium and a MIC of amoxicillin exposure induced efflux pumps, which might responsible to emerge amoxicillin resistant S. aureus.