bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence and response surface methodology to predict CO2 capture using piperazine‐modified activated alumina
Authors: Noroozian Mohadeseh , Shahhosseini Shahrokh , Ghaemi Ahad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas that causes global warming. In this study, piperazine‐modified activated alumina was used for CO2 capture process. The number of 626 experimental data were obtained at different operating conditions to develop the artificial neural networks (ANNs) and response surface methodology (RSM), employed to identify the behavior and performance of the CO2 capture process. Three independent factors, including time (t: 0–1800 s), temperature (T: 20–80°C), and pressure (P: 2.067–10.088 bar), were used as the input variables and CO2 adsorption capacity was used as the response. Among 243 different structures, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model was optimized with Bayesian regularization backpropagation algorithm and two hidden layers with 17 and 16 neurons. The radial basis function (RBF) model was used with 367 different structures. The optimized structure of the RBF model was obtained with 100 neurons and the spread of 0.5. For optimal networks of MLP and RBF, the best mean square error (MSE) was observed at 1.72e‐04 and 8.28e‐05, and the best coefficient of determination (R2) was obtained 0.998 and 0.999, respectively. Moreover, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model the process. The best MSE and R2 values were obtained 0.00454 and 0.9462, respectively. The results showed that ANNs produced more accurate predictions than RSM.
General dimensions of human brain morphometry inferred from genome‐wide association data
Authors: Fürtjes Anna E. , Arathimos Ryan , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Cole James H. , Cox Simon R. , Deary Ian J. , de la Fuente Javier , Madole James W. , Tucker‐Drob Elliot M. , Ritchie Stuart J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the neurodegenerative mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in the general population may facilitate early detection of adverse health outcomes in late life. This study investigates genetic links between brain morphometry, ageing and cognitive ability. We develop Genomic Principal Components Analysis (Genomic PCA) to model general dimensions of brain‐wide morphometry at the level of their underlying genetic architecture. Genomic PCA is applied to genome‐wide association data for 83 brain‐wide volumes (36,778 UK Biobank participants) and we extract genomic principal components (PCs) to capture global dimensions of genetic covariance across brain regions (unlike ancestral PCs that index genetic similarity between participants). Using linkage disequilibrium score regression, we estimate genetic overlap between those general brain dimensions and cognitive ageing. The first genetic PCs underlying the morphometric organisation of 83 brain‐wide regions accounted for substantial genetic variance (R2 = 40%) with the pattern of component loadings corresponding closely to those obtained from phenotypic analyses. Genetically more central regions to overall brain structure ‐ specifically frontal and parietal volumes thought to be part of the central executive network ‐ tended to be somewhat more susceptible towards age (r = −0.27). We demonstrate the moderate genetic overlap between the first PC underlying each of several structural brain networks and general cognitive ability (rg = 0.17–0.21), which was not specific to a particular subset of the canonical networks examined. We provide a multivariate framework integrating covariance across multiple brain regions and the genome, revealing moderate shared genetic etiology between brain‐wide morphometry and cognitive ageing.
Mapping and decoding cortical engagement during motor imagery, mental arithmetic, and silent word generation using MEG
Authors: Youssofzadeh Vahab , Roy Sujit , Chowdhury Anirban , Izadysadr Aqil , Parkkonen Lauri , Raghavan Manoj , Prasad Girijesh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurate quantification of cortical engagement during mental imagery tasks remains a challenging brain‐imaging problem with immediate relevance to developing brain–computer interfaces. We analyzed magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from 18 individuals completing cued motor imagery, mental arithmetic, and silent word generation tasks. Participants imagined movements of both hands (HANDS) and both feet (FEET), subtracted two numbers (SUB), and silently generated words (WORD). The task‐related cortical engagement was inferred from beta band (17–25 Hz) power decrements estimated using a frequency‐resolved beamforming method. In the hands and feet motor imagery tasks, beta power consistently decreased in premotor and motor areas. In the word and subtraction tasks, beta‐power decrements showed engagements in language and arithmetic processing within the temporal, parietal, and inferior frontal regions. A support vector machine classification of beta power decrements yielded high accuracy rates of 74 and 68% for classifying motor‐imagery (HANDS vs. FEET) and cognitive (WORD vs. SUB) tasks, respectively. From the motor‐versus‐nonmotor contrasts, excellent accuracy rates of 85 and 80% were observed for hands‐versus‐word and hands‐versus‐sub, respectively. A multivariate Gaussian‐process classifier provided an accuracy rate of 60% for the four‐way (HANDS‐FEET‐WORD‐SUB) classification problem. Individual task performance was revealed by within‐subject correlations of beta‐decrements. Beta‐power decrements are helpful metrics for mapping and decoding cortical engagement during mental processes in the absence of sensory stimuli or overt behavioral outputs. Markers derived based on beta decrements may be suitable for rehabilitation purposes, to characterize motor or cognitive impairments, or to treat patients recovering from a cerebral stroke.
Women's fertility knowledge and their number of children ever born: A cross‐sectional study in Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Mahmoudiani Serajeddin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsRemarkable changes in the demographic behaviors of Iranian women have led to declining fertility since the 1980s. Therefore, the study of fertility has become very important. Iranian policy makers are developing new population policies. Because fertility knowledge influences women's childbearing, the purpose of this study was to look into the relationship between women's fertility knowledge and the total number of children born.MethodsA cross‐sectional design and a survey were used in this investigation. In 2022, 1065 married women of reproductive age in Shiraz were surveyed. The data was collected using a standard questionnaire and multistage clustering sampling. The interviewers were first given the necessary training. At the time of the survey, the interviewers first gave information about the research to the surveyed women to gain their trust. To analyze the data, the characteristics of women were described first, and then the relationships between the variables were examined using correlation tests.ResultsIncreasing women's fertility knowledge reduced the number of children. Women's actual fertility had increased in tandem with their ideal fertility. The number of children increased as women's ages and the ages of their husbands grew older. Increased women's education resulted in a decrease in the number of children. Women with employed husbands had more children than their other counterparts. Women with middle class identity had lower fertility than women who belonged to the lower class.ConclusionIn confirmation of the findings of previous studies, the low level of fertility knowledge, especially in the issue of factors affecting infertility, was the most important finding of this research. This study, in continuation of previous studies, showed the decreasing effect of fertility knowledge of the number of children. Regarding the low fertility knowledge of women, population and health policies should consider improving women's knowledge of fertility.
Readmission rate and complications following biopsy of the ampulla of Vater—A retrospective data analysis
Authors: Rosella Sam , Zorron Cheng Tao Pu Leonardo , Ng Jonathan , Be Kim Hay , Vaughan Rhys , Chandran Sujievvan , Efthymiou Marios 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimObtaining endoscopic biopsies from the ampulla of Vater is important for the diagnosis of lesions that are suspicious for neoplasia. The clinical safety profile is not well defined in the literature. Our aim was to evaluate the procedure‐related readmission rate and complications from ampullary biopsy in patients undergoing duodenoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).MethodsA retrospective data analysis was performed on adult patients at Austin Hospital who underwent ampullary biopsies between 1 January 2010 and 1 March 12022. Medical records were identified using pathology databases. The electronic health record was reviewed for baseline characteristics including demographics, date, indication for ampullary biopsy, procedure type (duodenoscopy or ERCP), and procedural associated interventions during ERCP. Readmissions to the Austin Emergency Department within 30 days following the biopsy were identified, and complications were noted.ResultsA total of 506 records were reviewed and 246 episodes of ampullary biopsy met the inclusion criteria. The procedure‐related readmission rate for all episodes was 6.1%, which included pain (3.3%), pancreatitis (2.0%), cholangitis (1.6%), and bleeding (0.8%). Ampullary biopsies with ERCP had a procedure‐related readmission rate of 8.4%, whereas ampullary biopsies without ERCP had a rate of 2.2%. Increased readmissions and complications were associated with male sex (P = 0.01 and P = 0.05, respectively). There was no association between the number of biopsies taken and complications.ConclusionPerforming an ampullary biopsy without an associated ERCP carries a low rate of clinical complications and procedure‐related readmissions. The combination of ERCP and ampullary biopsy increases the risk four‐fold.
Identification and synthesis of new process impurities of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker
Authors: Venkateswara Rao Gollapalli , Pindi Santhosh Reddy , Bollikolla Hari Babu , Chavakula Ramadas , Karumanchi Kishore 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAmlodipine belongs to the class of calcium channel blocker that is used to reduce high blood pressure (hypertension). Two related substances of amlodipine namely 3‐(2‐[1.3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐isoindol‐2‐yl]ethyl)‐5‐methyl‐(4RS)‐4(2‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐([2‐(1,3‐dioxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐isoin‐dol‐2‐yl)ethoxy]methyl)‐6‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate (11) and 3‐([2‐aminoethyl]‐5‐aminoethoxy)‐4‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐1,4‐dihydro‐6‐methylpyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate (12) were identified. The present work describes the origin, synthesis, and characterization of these related substances.
A practical guide to planning, implementing, and evaluating the mindfulness‐based well‐being group for international students
Authors: Prasath Priscilla Rose , Xiong Yiying , Zhang Qiyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and associated societal upheavals further aggravated pre‐existing vulnerabilities of the international student population. In this article, an online mindfulness‐based group intervention—mindfulness‐based well‐being group for international students is described. A practical guide to planning, implementing, and evaluating the MBWIS group is outlined.
Are There Ultrasound Features to Distinguish Small (<3 cm) Peripheral Renal Angiomyolipomas From Renal Cell Carcinomas?
Authors: Chen Anthony F. , McGahan John P. , Wilson Machelle D. , Larson Michael C. , Vij Arjun , Kwong Austin 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSmall echogenic renal masses are usually angiomyolipomas (AMLs), but some renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) can be echogenic and confused with an AML.ObjectivesThis is a study to evaluate any distinguishing demographic and sonographic features of small (<3 cm) peripheral AMLs versus peripheral RCCs.MethodsThis is a HIPAA‐compliant retrospective review of the demographics and ultrasound features of peripheral renal AMLs compared with a group of peripheral RCCs. All AMLs had confirmation of macroscopic fat as noted on thin‐cut CT or fat‐saturation MRI sequence images. All RCCs were pathologically proven. Statistical analysis was used to compare findings in the two groups.ResultsThere were a total of 52 patients with 56 AMLs, compared with 42 patients with 42 RCCs. There were 42 females in the AML group versus 10 females in the RCC group (P < .0001). The AML diameters (15.7 mm × 12.0 mm) were statistically significantly smaller (Plargest = .0085, Psmallest < .001) than the diameters of the RCCs (19.9 mm × 18.5 mm). Ultrasound features found to be statistically different between the two groups were the ratio of the largest dimension to the smallest dimension (P < .001), a lobulated versus smooth margin of the AML (26 vs 30) compared with the RCC group (3 vs 39) (P = .0012), and an “unusual” versus a round shape (P < .001) of the AML group (45 vs 11) compared with the RCC group (9 vs 33). In the multivariable model, the patient sex, margin, and mass shape were predictive of AML, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.92.ConclusionFor a small (<3 cm) peripheral echogenic mass in a female patient, a lobulated lesion with an unusual shape is highly predictive of being an AML.
Modern and future forestry based on biotechnology
Authors: Niu Shihui , Ding Jihua , Xu Changzheng , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractForest is the most important terrestrial component of the Earth's biosphere, containing nearly 80% of terrestrial biodiversity. However, climate change and population growth are exacerbating deforestation and forest degradation. Reforestation efforts aim to restore ecosystems, but the effectiveness of traditional tree plantations in repairing the ecological function of native forests is controversial. The ideal scenario for forestry in the future is to meet the growing demand for forest products while keeping forest sustainable development. One possible way forward is to greatly improve the productivity and adaptability of forests through molecular breeding to use fewer Short Rotation Intensive Culture (SRIC) plantations to produce sufficient forest products. In the last 2 decades, advances in biotechnologies such as high‐throughput sequencing and genome editing are transforming tree breeding and forestry. Here, we propose possible future directions for modern forestry, including molecular design tree breeding, agroforestry and mixed farming, sustainable and biosphere friendly forestry.
Deep learning prediction of post‐SBRT liver function changes and NTCP modeling in hepatocellular carcinoma based on DGAE‐MRI
Authors: Wei Lise , Aryal Madhava P. , Cuneo Kyle , Matuszak Martha , Lawrence Theodore S. , Ten Haken Randall K. , Cao Yue , Naqa Issam El 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) produces excellent local control for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the risk of toxicity for normal liver tissue is still a limiting factor. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models have been proposed to estimate the toxicity with the assumption of uniform liver function distribution, which is not optimal. With more accurate regional liver functional imaging available for individual patient, we can improve the estimation and be more patient‐specific.PurposeTo develop normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models using pre‐/during‐treatment (RT) dynamic Gadoxetic Acid‐enhanced (DGAE) MRI for adaptation of RT in a patient‐specific manner in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) patients who receive SBRT.Methods24 of 146 HCC patients who received SBRT underwent DGAE MRI. Physical doses were converted into EQD2 for analysis. Voxel‐by‐voxel quantification of the contrast uptake rate (k1) from DGAE‐MRI was used to quantify liver function. A logistic dose‐response model was used to estimate the fraction of liver functional loss, and NTCP was estimated using the cumulative functional reserve model for changes in Child‐Pugh (C‐P) scores. Model parameters were calculated using maximum‐likelihood estimations. During‐RT liver functional maps were predicted from dose distributions and pre‐RT k1 maps with a conditional Wasserstein generative adversarial network (cWGAN). Imaging prediction quality was assessed using root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and structural similarity (SSIM) metrics. The dose‐response and NTCP were fit on both original and cWGAN predicted images and compared using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsLogistic dose response models for changes in k1 yielded D50 of 35.2 (95% CI: 26.7–47.5) Gy and k of 0.62 (0.49–0.75) for the whole population. The high baseline ALBI (poor liver function) subgroup showed a significantly smaller D50 of 11.7 (CI: 9.06–15.4) Gy and larger k of 0.96 (CI: 0.74–1.22) compared to a low baseline ALBI (good liver function) subgroup of 54.8 (CI: 38.3–79.1) Gy and 0.59 (CI: 0.48–0.74), with p‐values of < 0.001 and = 0.008, respectively, which indicates higher radiosensitivity for the worse baseline liver function cohort. Subset analyses were also performed for high/low baseline CP subgroups. The corresponding NTCP models showed good agreement for the fit parameters between cWGAN predicted and the ground‐truth during‐RT images with no statistical differences for low ALBI subgroup.ConclusionsNTCP models which incorporate voxel‐wise functional information from DGAE‐MRI k1 maps were successfully developed and feasibility was demonstrated in a small patient cohort. cWGAN predicted functional maps show promise for estimating localized patient‐specific response to RT and warrant further validation in a larger patient cohort.
Optimising management of complex regional pain syndrome to improve clinical outcomes throughout the therapy care pathway in England: Protocol for a qualitative interview and observational study with patients and clinicians
Authors: Coggins Jessica , McCabe Candida , Walsh Nicola , Pearson Jennifer , Rolls Catherine , Collins Catherine , Llewellyn Alison 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionComplex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a disabling and distressing chronic pain condition characterised by a range of sensory, motor, autonomic and trophic symptoms. Guidelines recommend early referral for therapies that promote movement of the painful limb. However, evidence suggests a lack of defined therapy pathways for CRPS.AimsThe current study aims to explore CRPS therapy management in centres of excellence in England, and outside of these settings, to understand what facilitates and hinders best practice. The overall aim is to develop a draft stratified package of care to expedite patient access to optimal CRPS therapy across the management pathway.Methods and AnalysisSemi‐structured interviews will be conducted with therapists working in CRPS centres of excellence and with therapists in other settings. Observations of therapy interventions in CRPS centres of excellence and interviews with patients who have received this care, will also help to identify potential key care package components. Interview data will be analysed using thematic analysis, mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), and Intervention Mapping Adapt (IMA) framework. Observations will be described and documented using the TDF headings.ConclusionA triangulation protocol for qualitative health research will be used to integrate all data. Online stakeholder events will be held using consensus methods to agree a draft package of care for future implementation following further refinement, testing and evaluation.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe trial was registered with ISRCTN registry on 24 February 2022 (ISRCTN16917807).
Seasonal and interannual variation of equatorial waves in ERA5 and GloSea5
Authors: Yang Gui‐Ying , Feng Xiangbo , Hodges Kevin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study presents an analysis of the equatorial waves in the ERA5 reanalysis and forecasts of the Met Office Global Seasonal Forecast System version 5 (GloSea5), by projecting dynamical fields onto theoretical equatorial wave modes. The seasonal and interannual variation of equatorial wave activity in GloSea5 is evaluated against ERA5 waves. We find that in ERA5 the seasonal and spatial variations of eastward‐moving Kelvin wave activity are mainly determined by the ambient zonal flow, with wave activity being stronger in easterlies than westerlies. For the westward‐moving mixed Rossby–gravity waves and equatorial Rossby waves, the seasonal and spatial variations of the upper‐tropospheric wave activity are determined by both the ambient flow and extratropical forcing with stronger wave activity generally in the westerlies, whilst the lower‐tropospheric wave activity is related to the ambient flow and tropical convection. In GloSea5, the Kelvin wave activity is not well simulated in the upper troposphere, and in general the wave activity and wave‐related convective signal are too weak. In contrast, GloSea5 performs better for the westward‐moving equatorial waves, including their Doppler‐shifted eastward‐moving components, despite a significant overestimation in the Atlantic and African region. The phase of ENSO has a substantial impact on equatorial waves in both ERA5 and GloSea5. The mechanism of the impact is through changes in the ENSO‐related ambient flow, upper‐tropospheric extratropical forcing, and tropical convection. GloSea5 can capture the low‐level Kelvin wave–ENSO relationship reasonably well, with stronger wave activity over the eastern Pacific in El Niño, although the ENSO‐driven variation is too weak. The wave–ENSO relationship for westward‐moving waves is well represented in GloSea5, especially in the upper‐level eastern‐Pacific westerly duct region in the extended boreal winter and the low‐level Indo‐Pacific in all seasons. We conclude that in GloSea5 the representation of the wave–ENSO teleconnection is the key driver for the performance of interannual variability in the wave activity.
At‐Home COVID‐19 Rapid Antigen Test Down to 0.03 pg mL−1 of Nucleocapsid Protein
Authors: Lian Zewei , Wu Tingqing , Wang Huadong , Chi Jimei , Cheng Lijun , Xie Daixi , Pan Xiangyu , Hu Yuming , Tan Zhiyu , Chen Sisi , Yang Xu , Yun Yang , Wu Wei , Li Chunbao , Su Meng , Song Yanlin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRapid and ultra‐sensitive detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is critical for early screening and management of COVID‐19. Currently, the real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) is the primary laboratory method for diagnosing SARS‐CoV‐2. It is not suitable for at‐home COVID‐19 diagnostic test due to the long operating time, specific equipment, and professional procedures. Here an all‐printed photonic crystal (PC) microarray with portable device for at‐home COVID‐19 rapid antigen test is reported. The fluorescence‐enhanced effect of PC amplifies the fluorescence intensity of the labeled probe, achieving detection of nucleocapsid (N‐) protein down to 0.03 pg mL−1. A portable fluorescence intensity measurement instrument gives the result (negative or positive) by the color of the indicator within 5 s after inserting the reacted PC microarray test card. The N protein in inactivated virus samples (with cycle threshold values of 26.6–40.0) can be detected. The PC microarray provides a general and easy‐to‐use method for the timely monitoring and eventual control of the global coronavirus pandemic.