bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural comparison of continuous deep sedation for advanced cancer patients in East Asian countries: prospective cohort study
Authors: Yang Chiu-Hsien , Chen Ping-Jen , Mori Masanori , Morita Tatsuya , Cheng Shao-Yi , Suh Sang-Yeon , Kim Sun-Hyun , Yokomichi Naosuke , Imai Kengo , Ito Satoko , Yamaguchi Takashi , Hiratsuka Yusuke , Tsuneto Satoru , Maeda Sayaka ,   the EASED investigators
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Cultural, social, and legal factors have been known to affect physicians’ practice of continuous deep sedation. There have been few quantitative studies to compare continuous deep sedation practice in Asian countries. We aimed to describe and compare clinical characteristics of continuous deep sedation in Japan, Korea and Taiwan.

Methods
Patients with advanced cancer admitted to participating palliative care units were enrolled from January 2017 to September 2018. We evaluated and compared (i) the prevalence of continuous deep sedation, (ii) the characteristics of sedated and non-sedated groups in each country, and (iii) continuous deep sedation administration patterns among the three countries.

Results
A total of 2158 participants were included in our analysis, and 264 received continuous deep sedation. The continuous deep sedation prevalence was 10, 16 and 22% in Japan, Korea and Taiwan, respectively. Delirium was the most frequent target symptom in all countries, along with dyspnoea (in Japan) and psychological symptoms (in Korea). Midazolam was most frequently used in Japan and Taiwan, but not in Korea (P &lt; 0.001). Among the patients receiving continuous deep sedation, the hydration amount on the final day was significantly different, with median volumes of 200, 500 and 0 mL in Japan, Korea and Taiwan, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). In Korea, 33% of the continuous deep sedation administration caused a high degree of physicians’ discomfort, but 3% in Japan and 5% in Taiwan (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Clinical practices of continuous deep sedation and physicians’ discomfort related to continuous deep sedation initiation highly varied across countries. We need to develop optimal decision-making models of continuous deep sedation and hydration during continuous deep sedation in each country.
Nice but not necessary? Reflections on the role of the arts in Kitcher's The Main Enterprise of the World
Authors: Gibbs Alexis 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The manifesto presented in Philip Kitcher's exhaustive appraisal of contemporary American education—and the case for its potential reform—is so wide-ranging that it is not possible to do justice to its every component. Instead, I will speak to one of its parts in an attempt to recognize what I take to be the value of the whole. My aim is to address the section on the role of the arts in formal education, and the nature of aesthetic experience within that, to test whether we can take the arts from their current state of being subject to Adam Smith's model of market utility, to being appreciated for their necessary and organic vitality. Kitcher provides strong arguments for exposure to the arts as leading to invaluable aesthetic experiences for young people. By extension—and at times by contrast—I will explore the possibility that the ‘aesthetic’ in aesthetic education does not just come into force with the student's encounter with art works or creative activity in the classroom, but should be integral also to the development of a particular sensibility amongst educators (i.e. the aesthetic education of the educators) for the shape and form of a ‘good’ education, according to its context and circumstance. It is through this sensibility that we might rediscover the necessity of the arts in schools at a time when their importance has been significantly devalued.
Cytokinin-inducible response regulatorSlRR6controls plant height through gibberellin and auxin pathways in tomato
Authors: Liu Yue , Liu Yichen , He Yanjun , Yan Yanqiu , Yu Xiaolin , Ali Muhammad , Pan Changtian , Lu Gang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlant height is a key agronomic trait regulated by several phytohormones such as gibberellins (GAs) and auxin. However, little is known about how cytokinin (CK) participates in this process. Here, we report that SlRR6, a type-A response regulator in the CK signaling pathway, positively regulates plant height in tomato. SlRR6 was induced by exogenous kinetin and GA3, but inhibited by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Knock out of SlRR6 reduced tomato plant height through shortening internode length, while overexpression of SlRR6 caused taller plants due to increased internode number. Cytological observation of longitudinal stems showed that both knock out and overexpression of SlRR6 generated larger cells, but significantly reduced cell numbers in each internode. Further studies demonstrated that overexpression of SlRR6 enhanced GA accumulation and lowered IAA content, along with expression changes in GA- and IAA-related genes. Exogenous paclobutrazol and IAA treatments restored the increased plant height phenotype in SlRR6-overexpressing lines. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that SlRR6 interacts with a small auxin up RNA protein, SlSAUR58. Moreover, SlSAUR58-overexpressing plants were dwarf with decreased internode length. Overall, our findings establish SlRR6 as a vital component in the CK signaling, GA, and IAA regulatory network that controls plant height.
Reconstructed human intestinal comet assay, a possible alternative in vitro model for genotoxicity assessment
Authors: Hughes Christopher Owen , Lim Hui Kheng , Tan Joseph Choon Wee , Leavesley David Ian , Smith Benjamin Paul Chapman 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the compatibility of reconstructed 3D human small intestinal microtissues to perform the in vitro comet assay. The comet assay is a common follow-up genotoxicity test to confirm or supplement other genotoxicity data. Technically, it can be performed utilizing a range of in vitro and in vivo assay systems. Here, we have developed a new reconstructed human intestinal comet (RICom) assay protocol for the assessment of orally ingested materials. The human intestine is a major site of food digestion and adsorption, first-pass metabolism as well as an early site of toxicant first contact and thus is a key site for evaluation. Reconstructed intestinal tissues were dosed with eight test chemicals: ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), ethyl nitrosourea (ENU), phenformin hydrochloride (Phen HCl), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 1,2-dimethylhydrazine hydrochloride (DMH), potassium bromate (KBr), glycidamide (GA), and etoposide (Etop) over a span of 48 h. The RICom assay correctly identified the genotoxicity of EMS, ENU, KBr, and GA. Phen HCl, a known non-genotoxin, did not induce DNA damage in the 3D reconstructed intestinal tissues whilst showing high cytotoxicity as assessed by the assay. The 3D reconstructed intestinal tissues possess sufficient metabolic competency for the successful detection of genotoxicity elicited by BaP, without the use of an exogenous metabolic system. In contrast, DMH, a chemical that requires liver metabolism to exert genotoxicity, did not induce detectable DNA damage in the 3D reconstructed intestinal tissue system. The genotoxicity of Etop, which is dependent on cellular proliferation, was also undetectable. These results suggest the RICom assay protocol is a promising tool for further investigation and safety assessment of novel ingested materials. We recommend that further work will broaden the scope of the 3D reconstructed intestinal tissue comet assay and facilitate broader analyses of genotoxic compounds having more varied modes of actions.
Transcriptome Analysis Revealed thatGhPP2C43-ANegatively Regulates Salinity Tolerance in an Introgression Line from a Semi-Wild Upland Cotton
Authors: Cui Changjiang , Feng Liuchun , Zhou Chenhui , Wan Hui , Zhou Baoliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSalt damage is a major threat to sustainable cotton production owing to the limited arable land in China, which is mainly occupied by the production of staple food crops. Salt-stress-tolerant cotton varieties are lacking in production, and the mechanisms underpinning salt stress tolerance in cotton remain enigmatic. Here, DM37, an intraspecific introgression line from Gossypium hirsutum race yucatanense acc TX-1046 into the G. hirsutum acc TM-1 background, was found to be highly tolerant to salt stress. Its seed germination rate and germination potential were significantly higher than those of the recipient TM-1 under salt stress. Physiological analysis showed that DM37 had a higher proline content and peroxidase activity and lower Na+/K+ ratios at the seedling stage, which is consistent with a higher seedling survival rate after durable salt stress. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that responsive patterns to salt stress in DM37 were different from those in TM-1. Weighted correlation network analysis demonstrated that co-expression modules associated with salt stress in DM37 also differed from those in TM-1. From this analysis, GhPP2C43-A, a phosphatase gene, was found to exhibit negative regulation of salt stress tolerance verified by virus-induced gene silencing and the genration of transgenic Arabidopsis. Gene expression showed that GhPP2C43-A in TM-1 was induced by durable salt stress but not in DM37, probably attributable to a variation in the cis-element in its promoter, thereby conferring different salt stress tolerance. These results provide new genes/germplasms from semi-wild cotton in salt-stress-tolerant cotton breeding, as well as new insight into the mechanisms underpinning salt stress tolerance in cotton.
The Efficacy of Glutamine Supplementation in Severe Adult Burn Patients: A Systematic Review With Trial Sequential Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ortiz-Reyes Luis , Lee Zheng-Yii , Chin Han Lew Charles , Hill Aileen , Jeschke Marc G. , Turgeon Alexis F. , Cancio Leopoldo , Stoppe Christian , Patel Jayshil J. , Day Andrew G. , Heyland Daren K. 
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVES:Evidence supporting glutamine supplementation in severe adult burn patients has created a state of uncertainty due to the variability in the treatment effect reported across small and large randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We aimed to systematically review the effect of glutamine supplementation on mortality in severe adult burn patients.DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central were searched from inception to February 10, 2023.STUDY SELECTION:RCTs evaluating the effect of enteral or IV glutamine supplementation alone in severe adult burn patients were included.DATA EXTRACTION:Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, burn injury characteristics, description of the intervention between groups, adverse events, and clinical outcomes.DATA SYNTHESIS:Random effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate the pooled risk ratio (RR). Trial sequential analyses (TSA) for mortality and infectious complications were performed. Ten RCTs (1,577 patients) were included. We observed no significant effect of glutamine supplementation on overall mortality (RR, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.33–1.28;p= 0.21), infectious complications (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.63–1.09;p= 0.18), or other secondary outcomes. In subgroup analyses, we observed no significant effects based on administration route or burn severity. We did observe a significant subgroup effect between single and multicenter RCTs in which glutamine significantly reduced mortality and infectious complications in singe-center RCTs but not in multicenter RCTs. However, TSA showed that the pooled results of single-center RCTs were type 1 errors and further trials would be futile.CONCLUSIONS:Glutamine supplementation, regardless of administration, does not appear to improve clinical outcomes in severely adult burned patients.
Surgical Treatment for Chest “Lock” Keloid Using Autologous Split-Thickness Skin Grafting and Postoperative Radiotherapy
Authors: Pachuau Lalrintluangi , Wu Xiao-Yan , Fu Mu-Lan , Cui Xiao-Mei , Chen Xiao-Dong 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
The treatment of chest “lock” keloids is challenging due to skin defects and a high recurrence rate.

OBJECTIVE
Evaluation of the effectiveness of autologous split-thickness skin graft with local radiotherapy for treating chest “lock” keloids.

METHODSAND MATERIALS
Fifty-seven patients with chest “lock” keloids were treated from July 2018 to September 2020. The skin defects were closed with an autologous split-thickness skin graft (STSG) and vacuum sealing drainage. The donor and the recipient sites received the first session of radiotherapy 72 hours postoperation for 3 consecutive days. Patients underwent follow-up examinations 12 months after surgery. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) was used to assess the treatment outcome.

RESULTS
Except for the complaints of pain, which did not improve in the patients' assessments (p = .368), POSAS improved significantly after treatment (p < .0001). The cure rate (including cured and partially cured scars) was 100%. No keloid recurrence was observed during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION
The procedure of treating chest “lock” keloid by keloid debulking and autologous STSG followed by postoperational radiotherapy is a novel combined methodology for treating keloids.
Chest Wall Contouring in Transgender Men: A 20-Year Experience from a National Center
Authors: Sundhagen Henriette Pisani , Opheim Ane Bøyum , Wæhre Anne , Oliver Nina Kristine , Tønseth Kim Alexander 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Several western countries have experienced a drastic increase of referrals to specialist gender services of transgender and gender-diverse people. Chest wall contouring is an important element in treatment of gender dysphoria. National data concerning this group have yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to examine and evaluate the techniques and surgical outcome of chest wall contouring from the last 20 years from a single center in Norway.

Methods:
This study is a retrospective review of all female-to-male patients who underwent chest wall contouring surgery at Oslo University Hospital between 2000 and 2020. Statistical analysis with comparison of techniques and evaluation of development over time was examined.

Results:
In total, 333 patients underwent bilateral chest wall contouring, 209 (62.8%) with inframammary incision with free nipple graft (IM), and 124 (37.2%) with periareolar technique (PA). In 20 years, the average age decreased from 31 (19–68) to 24.9 years (17–61). Average body mass index was significantly lower in the PA-group than in the IM-group. Complication rate was 20.7%, with postoperative bleeding being the most frequent (9.6%). Revision surgery was required in 24.9% of the cases; periareolar technique required significantly more procedures.

Conclusions:
The number of patients referred and operated on has increased drastically over a 20-year period. When comparing the techniques, the outcome concerning complications and revisions is at an acceptable level. Postoperative bleeding and revision surgery occur more often with the periareolar technique. There remains a knowledge gap concerning quality of life and satisfaction after surgery within this patient group.
Associations between birth parameters and skin autofluorescence advanced glycation end products and ankle–brachial index in young adulthood: the Malmö Offspring Study
Authors: Sharma Shantanu , Sperling Johannes , Jujic Amra , Bennet Louise , Christensson Anders , Nilsson Peter M. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Low birth weight (LBW), advanced glycation end-products (AGE), and ankle–brachial index (ABI) have all been independently associated with risk of cardiovascular disease. Evidence is lacking on the effect of LBW on adult AGE, a marker of glucose metabolism, and ABI, a marker of peripheral atherosclerosis. The objective was to study these associations in a population-based cohort.

Methods:
Data from the Malmö Offspring Study, Sweden, were used for 2012 participants (958 men, 1054 women) born between 1973 and 2000, linked to the Medical Birth Register. General linear regression analysis (with β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals) was applied for associations between birth weight and skin auto-fluorescence (sf)AGE as well as mean ABI (right/left), before and after adjusting for gestational age, sex, glucose, lipids, smoking, BMI and SBP.

Results:
The mean (SD) age of men was 29.3 (7.3) and of women 28.6 (7.3) years. There was an average 0.054 decrease in sfAGE value per 1 kg increase in birth weight (adjusted for gestational age and sex). Similarly, 1 kg increase in birth weight (adjusted for gestational age and confounders) was associated with an average 0.016 decrease in mean ABI.

Conclusion:
Birth weight, adjusted for gestational age and other confounding variables, is inversely associated with ABI in young adulthood, an age range when ABI may represent hemodynamic changes more than atherosclerosis, but for sfAGE, the association was attenuated upon further adjustment. These risk markers may, therefore, represent mediating pathways for early life factors affecting cardiovascular risk later in life.
Effects of age on the diagnostic value of the soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/ placental growth factor ratio in preeclampsia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rezk Marlene , Grasegger Linda , Hamzic Esma , Enengl Sabine , Altmann Reinhard , Stelzl Patrick , Oppelt Peter , Arbeithuber Barbara 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
Measurement of the ratio between soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) supports the diagnosis of preeclampsia. sFlt-1/PlGF ratios of at least 85 and at least 110 have previously been suggested for diagnosis of early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia, respectively. However, angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors change throughout the process of aging, potentially influencing preeclampsia diagnosis. In this study, we therefore evaluated in detail the effect of maternal age on sFlt-1/PlGF ratios.

Methods:
A total of 2775 pregnant female patients were included in this retrospective cohort study, spread across three maternal age groups: 18–25 years, 26–35 years, and more than 35 years at delivery. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to evaluate sFlt-1/PlGF ratio cutoffs for use in preeclampsia diagnosis.

Results:
Controls (2462 pregnant women) showed a significant difference in sFlt-1/PlGF ratios between the youngest and oldest age groups, which resulted in differences in the best-performing sFlt-1/PlGF ratio cutoffs: optimized cutoffs were 143.4 (52.9%, 98.2%), 8.6 (84.4%, 75.3%), and 22.9 (78.6%, 82.3%) in early-onset preeclampsia, and 46.4 (67.5%, 81.5%), 40.8 (77.3%, 73%), and 44.1 (65.1%, 74.5%) in late-onset preeclampsia in age groups, 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Conclusion:
sFlt-1/PlGF ratios change with maternal age, which has important clinical implications for their use in the diagnosis of preeclampsia: Better differentiated sFlt-1/PlGF cutoffs should be used that take maternal and gestational age into account.
Size variability and fitting of 30-gauge thin-wall needles and 3-piece intraocular lens haptics for the flanged intrascleral fixation technique
Authors: Stunf Pukl Spela , Kronschläger Martin , Ruiss Manuel , Blouin Stephane , Findl Oliver 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
To assess the diameter of different 30-gauge thin-wall needles and 3-piece intraocular lens (IOL) haptics readily used for the flanged-haptic intrascleral fixation technique.

Setting:
Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.

Design:
Laboratory investigation.

Methods:
5 30-gauge thin-wall needles and 5 3-piece IOLs were assessed. An upright light microscopy was used for measurements. The inner and outer diameters of the needles and the end thickness of the haptics were analyzed and compared for haptic fitting into the needle.

Results:
Among the needles, the inner diameter of the T-lab needle was significantly wider compared with all the others (mean 209.3 ± 8.0 μm, P < .001), followed by TSK (194.8 ± 5.0 μm), MST (194.7 ± 5.8 μm), Sterimedix (187.5 ± 9.0 μm) and significantly narrower Meso-relle (mean 178.7 ± 7.0 μm, P < .05). The outer diameter of the T-lab needle was significantly larger of all (mean 316.0 ± 2.0 μm, P < .001). Concerning the IOLs, the AvanseePreset Kowa's haptic was significantly thinner (mean 127.2 ± 0.7 μm) than all the others, such as the TecnisZA900 Johnson & Johnson (143.5 ± 3.1 μm), the CTLucia202 Zeiss (143.8 ± 1.3 μm), and the AcrysofMA60AC Alcon (143.9 ± 1.4 μm). The only haptic that was thicker than all the others assessed was that of SensarAR40 Johnson & Johnson (170.7 ± 1.7 μm, P < .001).

Conclusions:
Most of the analyzed haptics would fit into most of the measured needles, with the exception of the Sensar AR40 in combination with the Meso-relle or Sterimedix needles. The combination of a larger needle lumen and a thinner haptic could result in more ease of insertion during surgery. If the dimensions of the needle and IOL haptics used are unknown, we recommend trying insertion before beginning surgery.
Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, a Predictor of Early Cessation of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Mothers Giving Birth Preterm
Authors: Kronborg Hanne , Skaaning Diana , Brødsgaard Anne 
Published: April 2023

The aim was to describe the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of premature infants and investigate the extent to which breastfeeding self-efficacy is associated with early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding.
The study population consisted of 136 mother-infant dyads with information on the outcome of exclusive breastfeeding and exposure of self-efficacy, recruited between September 2016 and February 2018. Data were collected via questionnaires with follow-up at 6 months. The statistical analysis included descriptive analysis with survival curves and logistic regression analysis.
At 2 months, 101 (74%) premature infants were exclusively breastfed; at 4 and 6 months, 82 (60%) and 41 (30%), respectively. Higher levels of self-efficacy were significantly associated with breastfeeding exclusively for 2 months (P = .03). In multivariate analysis, mothers who had a low level of early self-efficacy toward breastfeeding had 2½ times higher odds of breastfeeding cessation before 2 months (odds ratio = 2.63, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-5.96). The risk did not change when adjusted for potential confounders. Breastfeeding self-efficacy is an early predictor of exclusive breastfeeding for 2 months of the premature infant.
Health professionals should use self-efficacy as a prognostic factor to identify mothers at risk of early cessation of breastfeeding and support those with low self-efficacy to increase duration of exclusive breastfeeding.