bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of insulin‐producing cells derived from human MSCs to treat diabetes in a non‐human primate model
Authors: Zhoujun Zhu , Bingzheng Feng , Yuwei Yang , Yingying Zhang , Zhiran Xu , Chunhua He , Jing Leng , Haibo Tang , Wanli Li , Ting Zhang , Fujun Li , Jibing Chen , Hongjun Gao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIslet cell transplantation is an emerging therapy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Differentiation of islet cells from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a potential solution to the challenge of insufficient donor sources. This study investigated whether human umbilical cord‐derived MSCs could effectively differentiate into insulin‐producing cells (IPCs) and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of IPCs in treating diabetes.MethodsIPCs were induced from MSCs by a two‐step protocol. IPC expression products were evaluated by western blot and real‐time PCR. IPC insulin secretion was evaluated by ELISA. The viability of IPCs was measured by FDA/PI and dithizone staining. The non‐human primate tree shrew was used as a diabetes model. After a single STZ induction into a diabetes model, a single intraportal transplantation of IPCs, MSCs, or normal saline was performed (n = 6 per group). Blood glucose was monitored for 3 weeks, then the animals were euthanized and the distribution of IPCs in the liver was examined pathologically.ResultsAfter about 3 weeks of in vitro induction, IPCs formed microspheres of 100–200 μm, with >95% viable cells that were dithizone stain positive. IPCs expressed islet‐related genes and proteins and secreted high levels of insulin whether stimulated by low or high levels of glucose. After transplantation of IPCs into diabetic tree shrews, blood glucose levels decreased rapidly to near normal and were significantly lower than the MSC or saline groups for 3 weeks thereafter.ConclusionWe present the novel discovery that IPCs derived from human umbilical cord MSCs exert a therapeutic effect in a non‐human primate model of diabetes. This study provides a preliminary experimental basis for the use of autologous MSC‐derived IPCs in the treatment of human diabetes.
Practical implications of the erroneous treatment of exposure time in the Eulerian hemolysis power law model
Authors: Faghih Mohammad M. , Craven Brent A. , Sharp M. Keith 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEulerian and Lagrangian power‐law formulations are both widely used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict flow‐induced hemolysis in blood‐contacting medical devices. Both are based on the same empirical power‐law correlation between hemolysis and the shear stress and exposure time. In the Lagrangian approach, blood damage is predicted by tracking both the stress and exposure time along a finite number of pathlines in the domain. In the Eulerian approach, a scalar transport equation is solved for a time‐linearized damage index within the entire domain. Previous analytical work has demonstrated that there is a fundamental problem with the treatment of exposure time in the Eulerian model formulation such that the only condition under which the model correctly represents the true exposure time is in a flow field with no streamwise velocity variation. However, the practical implications of this limitation have yet to be thoroughly investigated.MethodsIn this study, we demonstrate the inaccuracy of Eulerian hemolysis power‐law model predictions due to the erroneous treatment of exposure time by systematically considering four benchmark test cases with increasing degrees of flow acceleration: Poiseuille flow through a straight tube, inclined Couette flow, and flow through a converging tube with two different convergence ratios.ResultsCompared with Lagrangian predictions, we show that, as flow acceleration becomes more pronounced, the resultant inaccuracy in the Eulerian predictions increases. For the inclined Couette flow case, there is a small degree of flow acceleration that yields a discrepancy in the range of 10% between Lagrangian and Eulerian predictions. For flows with a larger degree of acceleration, as occurs in the converging tube flow cases, the discrepancy is considerably larger (up to 257%).ConclusionThe inaccuracy of hemolysis predictions due to the erroneous treatment of exposure time in the Eulerian power‐law model can be significant when there is streamwise velocity variation in the flow field. These results may partially explain the extremely large variability in CFD hemolysis predictions reported in the literature between Lagrangian and Eulerian models.
Large focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver treated with transcatheter arterial embolization and laparoscopic resection: A case report
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Monden Kazuteru , Iwasaki Toshimitsu , Hioki Masayoshi , Sadamori Hiroshi , Takakura Norihisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFocal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a rare benign hepatic tumor which is frequently observed in women of reproductive age, and therapeutic intervention needs to be considered in cases wherein the tumor has a risk of rupture. The laparoscopic approach is beneficial, especially for young women, but is often challenging because the tumor is large and hemorrhagic. Herein, we report a case of large FNH in a 22‐year‐old woman. The patient was asymptomatic; however, the tumor was approximately 15 cm in diameter and protruded from the liver. Given the risk of rupture, we decided to perform surgical resection. Preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization led to rapid shrinkage of the tumor and control of intraoperative bleeding, which enabled us to safely perform laparoscopic liver resection. The combination of surgical resection with intravascular embolization may be a promising therapeutic option for hypervascular tumors such as FNH.
Sparse Bayesian Modeling of Hierarchical Independent Component Analysis: Reliable Estimation of Individual Differences in Brain Networks
Authors: Lukemire Joshua , Pagnoni Giuseppe , Guo Ying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Independent component analysis (ICA) is one of the leading approaches for studying brain functional networks. There is increasing interest in neuroscience studies to investigate individual differences in brain networks and their association with demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes. In this work, we develop a sparse Bayesian group hierarchical ICA model that offers significant improvements over existing ICA techniques for identifying covariate effects on the brain network. Specifically, we model the population-level ICA source signals for brain networks using a Dirichlet process mixture. To reliably capture individual differences on brain networks, we propose sparse estimation of the covariate effects in the hierarchical ICA model via a horseshoe prior. Through extensive simulation studies, we show that our approach performs considerably better in detecting covariate effects in comparison with the leading group ICA methods. We then perform an ICA decomposition of a between-subject meditation study. Our method is able to identify significant effects related to meditative practice in brain regions that are consistent with previous research into the default mode network, whereas other group ICA approaches find few to no effects.
TDP‐43 and tau concurrence in the entorhinal subfields in primary age‐related tauopathy and preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Llamas‐Rodríguez Josué , Oltmer Jan , Marshall Michael , Champion Samantha , Frosch Matthew P. , Augustinack Jean C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhosphorylated tau (p‐tau) pathology correlates strongly with cognitive decline and is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In recent years, phosphorylated transactive response DNA‐binding protein (pTDP‐43) has emerged as a common comorbidity, found in up to 70% of all AD cases (Josephs et al., Acta Neuropathol, 131(4), 571–585; Josephs, Whitwell, et al., Acta Neuropathol, 127(6), 811–824). Current staging schemes for pTDP‐43 in AD and primary age‐related tauopathy (PART) track its progression throughout the brain, but the distribution of pTDP‐43 within the entorhinal cortex (EC) at the earliest stages has not been studied. Moreover, the exact nature of p‐tau and pTDP‐43 co‐localization is debated. We investigated the selective vulnerability of the entorhinal subfields to phosphorylated pTDP‐43 pathology in preclinical AD and PART postmortem tissue. Within the EC, posterior‐lateral subfields showed the highest semi‐quantitative pTDP‐43 density scores, while the anterior‐medial subfields had the lowest. On the rostrocaudal axis, pTDP‐43 scores were higher posteriorly than anteriorly (p < 0.010), peaking at the posterior‐most level (p < 0.050). Further, we showed the relationship between pTDP‐43 and p‐tau in these regions at pathology‐positive but clinically silent stages. P‐tau and pTDP‐43 presented a similar pattern of affected subregions (p < 0.0001) but differed in density magnitude (p < 0.0001). P‐tau burden was consistently higher than pTDP‐43 at every anterior–posterior level and in most EC subfields. These findings highlight pTDP‐43 burden heterogeneity within the EC and the posterior‐lateral subfields as the most vulnerable regions within stage II of the current pTDP‐43 staging schemes for AD and PART. The EC is a point of convergence for p‐tau and pTDP‐43 and identifying its most vulnerable neuronal populations will prove key for early diagnosis and disease intervention.
Diversifying youth temporal orientations during educational transitions in China
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Liu Fengshu , Julkunen Ilse 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnalysing young people's temporal experiences can help understand their varied transition pathways in individualised societies. This study explores the diversity of Chinese youths' orientations towards time by addressing how they practise agency, situated within the temporal, familial and gender matrices. We surveyed and interviewed young people at a county‐seat lower secondary school in North China and identified three temporal orientations: ‘long‐term planners’, ‘seizers of the day’ and ‘compromisers’. The findings challenge the conventional understanding of Chinese youth temporal orientations as homogeneous by identifying the differentiations and complexities when navigating their transition to upper secondary education.
The Collective Image of the City: Informal Taxis and the Production of Vernacular Toponyms in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Authors: Olma Nikolaos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDecades of politically motivated place renaming have prompted the population of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, to adopt a bottom‐up vernacular toponymic register, wherein locations are indicated in relation to points of reference known as orientiry. Orientiry take cues from the built environment and are generated through the population's affective pluritemporal engagements with the city. Accordingly, they can take different material forms, but they can also be dropped or discursively replaced by new ones situated temporally or physically closer to the population's everyday experiences. This article argues that orientiry are kept more or less coherent by the need for Tashkent dwellers to indicate locations to their fellow residents and especially to Tashkent's informal taxi drivers. Orientiry are proliferated and standardized by the exchange of environmental information that occurs between driver and passenger as they find their way through various places and temporalities. The article demonstrates how a combination of cognition, affect, and social stimuli shapes wayfinding in Tashkent, revealing the city's orientiry as a representation of a collective image of the city—an assemblage of individual mental maps that overlap, interfere, contradict, and exclude one another and yet remain functional by similar habitual use of the city.
Fast Futures and Everyday Endurance: Mobility, Temporality, andCycle‐Rickshawsin Dhaka
Authors: Prins Annemiek 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article takes the cycle‐rickshaw industry in Dhaka, Bangladesh, as a point of departure for examining the discrepancy between the everyday rhythms and embodied realities of Dhaka traffic and the idealized image of mobility that drives imaginations of the urban future. The cycle‐rickshaw is often excluded from such imaginations, as the vehicle is not only blamed for obstructing the flow of traffic but also for impeding trajectories of urban change. I argue that such exclusionary notions of the urban future, which build on linear and epochal notions of urban change, obscure the many ways in which everyday mobilities gesture to temporal experiences of endurance rather than transformation. I employ the notion of endurance to capture both the physical effort of navigating Dhaka traffic and the distinct temporality of rickshaw labor. I show that rickshaw labor, although arduous, allows drivers to keep on going amidst the various needs of the present by providing them with “instant cash.” Rickshaw mobilities thus highlight the friction between epochal notions of urban change and the durability and contingency of the imperfect safety nets and practices that people rely on for the time being.
Spike‐and‐wave discharges of absence seizures in a sleep waves‐constrained corticothalamic model
Authors: Dervinis Martynas , Crunelli Vincenzo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsRecurrent network activity in corticothalamic circuits generates physiological and pathological EEG waves. Many computer models have simulated spike‐and‐wave discharges (SWDs), the EEG hallmark of absence seizures (ASs). However, these models either provided detailed simulated activity only in a selected territory (i.e., cortical or thalamic) or did not test whether their corticothalamic networks could reproduce the physiological activities that are generated by these circuits.MethodsUsing a biophysical large‐scale corticothalamic model that reproduces the full extent of EEG sleep waves, including sleep spindles, delta, and slow (<1 Hz) waves, here we investigated how single abnormalities in voltage‐ or transmitter‐gated channels in the neocortex or thalamus led to SWDs.ResultsWe found that a selective increase in the tonic γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA‐A) inhibition of first‐order thalamocortical (TC) neurons or a selective decrease in cortical phasic GABA‐A inhibition is sufficient to generate ~4 Hz SWDs (as in humans) that invariably start in neocortical territories. Decreasing the leak conductance of higher‐order TC neurons leads to ~7 Hz SWDs (as in rodent models) while maintaining sleep spindles at 7–14 Hz.ConclusionBy challenging key features of current mechanistic views, this simulated ictal corticothalamic activity provides novel understanding of ASs and makes key testable predictions.
Anti‐neuroinflammation effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation against depression‐like behaviors via hypothalamic α7nAchR/JAK2/STAT3/NF‐κB pathway in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhang Yue , Wang Junying , Li Shaoyuan , Wang Yifei , Zhang Zixuan , Zhang Jinling , Xin Chen , Wang Yu , Rong Peijing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a vital neuromodulation for the treatment of depression, but its antidepressant molecular mechanism is unclear. The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) is a key mediator of the vagus nerve that mediates its anti‐inflammatory efficacy. Here, we investigated whether the antidepressant effect of taVNS in chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS)‐exposed rats works through the α7nAchR/JAK2/STAT3/NF‐κB pathway.MethodsThe depression model was established by CUMS for continuous 6 weeks in rats. From the 4th week of the experiment, CUMS‐exposed rats were subjected to taVNS for 3 weeks. To clarify the role of α7nAchR in the antidepressant effect of taVNS, we used α7nAchR−/− gene knockout rats. The sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), and forced swimming test (FST) were used to evaluate depression‐like behaviors of rats. Immunofluorescent staining was used to observe the morphology of microglia in the hypothalamus. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression of α7nAchR, p‐JAK2, p‐STAT3, IL‐1β, NF‐κB p65, and p‐NF‐κB p65 in the hypothalamus.ResultsDepression‐like behaviors in CUMS‐exposed rats were manifested by decreased SPT ratio, increased FST immobility time, decreased total distance, vertical movement score, and activity time of OFT. Hypothalamic neuroinflammation in CUMS‐exposed rats was manifested by an amoebic‐like activated state of microglia, downregulated expression of α7nAchR, p‐JAK2, p‐STAT3, and upregulated expression of NF‐κB p65, p‐NF‐κB p65, and IL‐1β. TaVNS could significantly reverse the above‐mentioned phenomena, but had a poor improvement effect for CUMS‐exposed α7nAchR−/− rats.ConclusionThe hypothalamic α7nAchR/JAK2/STAT3/NF‐κB signaling pathway may play an important role in the antidepressant‐like behavior of taVNS.
The effects of AQP4 rs162009 on resting‐state brain activity in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Jiang Mengze , Fang Yi , Dai Shaobing , Si Xiaoli , Wang Zhiyun , Tang Jiahui , Gao Ting , Liu Yi , Song Zhe , Pu Jiali , Zhang Baorong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe previously identified a significant association between Aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) and Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesTo identify whether AQP4 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs162009 affects regional brain activity and clinical phenotypes of PD.MethodsLow‐frequency fluctuation amplitude (ALFF) was used to evaluate spontaneous brain activity, regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to evaluate the pace of activity of adjacent voxel regions, and degree centrality (DC) was used to describe the functional connection strength between a voxel and the whole brain. Disease severity and PD stage were assessed with the Movement Disorder Society‐sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scales, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess the participants' cognitive function.ResultsIn patients with PD, AQP4 SNP rs162009 was associated with a significant higher ALFF in the right caudate head and the left occipital gyrus, a significant lower ReHo in the right inferior frontal gyrus, a different DC in the right frontal gyrus, the left calcarine, and the right inferior temporal gyrus. A significant positive correlation between ALFF in the right caudate head and MoCA in rs162009_A carriers was found. A significant negative correlation between the DC at the left calcarine and MDS‐UPDRS and MDS‐UPDRS III in rs162009_A noncarriers was found.ConclusionsOur study further revealed the effect of AQP4 SNP rs162009 on brain activity in PD, indicating that AQP4 may play an important role in PD neuropathophysiology.
Pushing the Bounds of Bounded Optimality and Rationality
Authors: Musslick Sebastian , Masís Javier 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAll forms of cognition, whether natural or artificial, are subject to constraints of their computing architecture. This assumption forms the tenet of virtually all general theories of cognition, including those deriving from bounded optimality and bounded rationality. In this letter, we highlight an unresolved puzzle related to this premise: what are these constraints, and why are cognitive architectures subject to cognitive constraints in the first place? First, we lay out some pieces along the puzzle edge, such as computational tradeoffs inherent to neural architectures that give rise to rational bounds of cognition. We then outline critical next steps for characterizing cognitive bounds, proposing that some of these bounds can be subject to modification by cognition and, as such, are part of what is being optimized when cognitive agents decide how to allocate cognitive resources. We conclude that these emerging views may contribute to a more holistic perspective on the nature of cognitive bounds, as well as their alteration subject to cognition.
A study of spectral reflectance reconstruction using the weighted fitting algorithm based on the Sino Colour Book
Authors: Liu Yuexin , Li Juan , Wang Xin , Li Xuetong , Song Yang , Li Rong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe spectral reflectance of a colour is its most essential characteristic, and it does not change with changes of equipment or light source. Therefore, the reconstruction of spectral reflectance from parameters such as colour tristimulus value and RGB has attracted the attention of researchers. To avoid the occurrence of metamerism in the colour reproduction process and to achieve the purpose of colour spectral reproduction, the spectral reflectance and the optimal parameters of the reconstruction using the weighted fitting method were discussed experimentally with the colour data measured from the Sino Colour Book as the research object. The results show that the best results are obtained when the weighted fitting parameters are weighted by the third power and eight colour samples are involved in the fitting. The reconstructed spectral reflectance obtained by the weighted fitting method has little variation and high overlap with the actual spectral reflectance obtained at each hue and lightness, thus meets the requirements of practical applications.
Early brain magnetic resonance imaging findings and neurodevelopmental outcome in children with congenital heart disease: A systematic review
Authors: Dijkhuizen Emma I. , de Munck Sophie , de Jonge Rogier C. J. , Dulfer Karolijn , van Beynum Ingrid M. , Hunfeld Maayke , Rietman André B. , Joosten Koen F. M. , van Haren Neeltje E. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between early brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and neurodevelopmental outcome (NDO) in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodA search for studies was conducted in Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Observational and interventional studies were included, in which patients with CHD underwent surgery before 2 months of age, a brain MRI scan in the first year of life, and neurodevelopmental assessment beyond the age of 1 year.ResultsEighteen studies were included. Thirteen found an association between either quantitative or qualitative brain metrics and NDO: 5 out of 7 studies showed decreased brain volume was significantly associated with worse NDO, as did 7 out of 10 studies on brain injury. Scanning protocols and neurodevelopmental tests varied strongly.InterpretationReduced brain volume and brain injury in patients with CHD can be associated with impaired NDO, yet standardized scanning protocols and neurodevelopmental assessment are needed to further unravel trajectories of impaired brain development and its effects on outcome.