bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Work Profiler: Revision and maintenance of a profiling tool for the recently unemployed in the Netherlands
Authors: Wijnhoven Martijn A. , Dusseldorp Elise , Guiaux Maurice , Havinga Harriët 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor the public employment services of many Member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, the importance of using profiling tools for job seekers is increasing rapidly in importance. With this trend, there is also widening concern about the risks of an over reliance on such tools. Part of the concern lies with a lack of transparency concerning how such tools work. This article aims to address this by offering a detailed investigation of the Work Profiler – the instrument used in the Netherlands by the Institute for Employee Benefits (Uitvoeringsinstituut Werknemersverzekeringen – UWV) to predict re‐employment success and provide a diagnosis of key factors hindering job seekers’ return to work. Professionals use these insights to deepen their understanding of the situation of job seekers and decide together with job seekers how to support their return to work. UWV decided to maintain and revise the Work Profiler through a large‐scale study involving a sample of 53,238 people. Work Profiler 1.0 was developed in 2007–2010 and has been in use on a regional basis since 2011 and nationwide since 2015. This article explains how the new tool (version 2.0; implemented in 2018) works and, most importantly, demonstrates the choices made to ensure that it functions well and is used effectively by professionals. These latter two aspects are rarely discussed in the literature.
Messages in the mucus: Selection of land snail resting sites based on the presence of mucus from conspecifics and other species
Authors: Bergey Elizabeth A. , Atakpo Idara J. , Benni Nissi K. , Bohrofen Braxton , Boyce Cassidy H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMucus is applied to substrates as snails move and when they rest. Beyond the use of mucus in movement and adhesion, the wide array of chemicals in mucus allows for supplemental use in communication. This communication is apparent in trail‐following behavior. This study addresses the potential communication via mucus in selecting resting sites in a laboratory assay. In a series of six experiments, individuals of Cornu aspersum (which often rest on above‐ground surfaces) were placed into lidded plastic containers with three or four sections swabbed with water (the control) or mucus, which included the test snail's own mucus, mucus from conspecifics from the same or a different container holding snails from the same lab colony, or from a different colony, and mucus from three additional snail species. The resting location was recorded on the following day. In two additional experiments, the facultative predator Rumina decollata was tested against conspecific and other snails' mucus. Individuals of C. aspersum preferentially rested in areas with the mucus of familiar conspecifics over mucus of unfamiliar conspecifics, a behavior that may contribute to homing and aggregation behaviors. There was evidence that juveniles may be less selective than adults. The mucus of only one of the three other species was avoided by individuals of C. aspersum. Unlike individuals of C. aspersum, individuals of the predator R. decollata avoided the mucus of conspecifics, which may be associated with less need for mate‐finding in this self‐fertilizing species. Individuals of R. decollata did not select among potential prey species.
Interfacial bonding mechanism and joint weakness area of brazed SiC and Nb with AuNi filler alloy: First‐principles and experimental perspective
Authors: Li Peixin , Yan Yaotian , Lin Jinghuang , Chen Yicheng , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Zeyu , Tu Jinchun , Qiao Liang , Zhong Zhengxiang , Cao Jian , Qi Junlei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe implementation of Ni‐based brazing filler metal for bonding SiC to metals can effectively expand the high‐temperature applications of SiC‐based composite materials. To reduce the excessive brittle phases formed in the reaction between SiC/Ni, this study used Au, a chemically stable element, as an additive to investigate the experimental mechanism of Au regulating the reaction between Ni and SiC. The study found that under certain temperature and reaction time conditions, Au can hinder the diffusion of Ni into SiC while suppressing the reaction between Ni and SiC at the interface. The microstructure evolution of the SiC‐Nb joint brazed with an AuNi alloy was investigated, and the theoretical analysis was verified. The optimized mechanical strength reached 30 MPa. Based on experimental and theoretical analysis, the weakness area of the joint was identified and the formation mechanism was analyzed. Importantly, the interface behavior analysis obtained in this study can provide some new ideas for the optimization of alloy composition in brazing experiments.
Large‐scale synthesis of CuS nanoparticles for photothermal materials using high‐concentration Cu complex ion precursor
Authors: Jeon Hee Yeon , Ryu Cheol‐Hui , Han Seungheon , Lee Dong Hoon , Byun Jongmin , Lee Young‐In 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCopper sulfide (CuS), a copper‐deficient p‐type semiconductor material, has been widely utilized due to its unique optical properties, low toxicity, and cost‐effectiveness. Although many studies have been conducted on synthesizing CuS nanoparticles, harsh synthetic conditions and low yield must be solved. This study presents a new methodology that can synthesize CuS nanoparticles in large quantities at room temperature and pressure using high‐concentration Cu complex ion precursors. This methodology is based on the theory that the critical nucleus radius and the critical nucleation free energy decrease as the concentration of the precursor increases to synthesize a large number of nanoparticles by applying low energy. In addition, it is possible to minimize the aggregation of nanoparticles, which is a problem of nanoparticles synthesized at a high precursor concentration through complex ions in the solution. We synthesized nanoparticles by controlling the precursor concentration from 0.1 to 2.5 M to confirm the effect of the precursor concentration on the size, shape, and yield of nanoparticles. As the precursor concentration increased, the particle size decreased, and the yield improved. The CuS nanoparticles synthesized at the highest concentration had a size of about 17 nm without a strong agglomeration and a yield of about 213.9 g/L. Furthermore, the nanoparticles showed excellent photothermal performance due to their high near‐infrared absorption. When about 0.1 g of the nanoparticles were irradiated with a Xenon lamp and an 808 nm laser, the maximum temperatures and rising rates were 53.7°C and 172.1°C and 13.8°C/mg and 33°C/mg, respectively. The excellent photothermal properties of CuS nanoparticles suggest the potential of this material for various applications.
The contemporary distribution of grasses in Australia: A process of immigration, dispersal and shifting dominance
Authors: Bryceson Susanna R. , Hemming Kyle T. M. , Duncan Richard P. , Morgan John W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimLittle is known about the distribution of grasses throughout Australia. Using endemism as a basis for understanding biogeographical distributions, we hypothesised that contemporary species richness would be the result of environmental factors and dynamic ecological interactions spanning more than 25 Ma.LocationAustralia.TaxonGrasses.MethodsWe mapped the distribution of all Australian grass species and modelled climatic and landscape correlates according to photosynthetic type (C3 or C4), endemism, age in Australia, phylogenetic lineage and traits linked to dominance, using height as a proxy. Age classes comprised ‘Ancient’ (Gondwanan), and three others related to migration during the Sunda‐Sahul Interchange (SSI): Early, Mid or Recent. In some analyses, ‘Ancient’, ‘Early SSI’ and ‘Mid SSI’ were combined into ‘Pre‐Recent SSI’.ResultsOverall, species richness of C4 grasses increased with warmer mean annual temperatures, while richness of C3 grasses was higher in cooler areas. Recent SSI species had strong associations with summer rains and were dominant in the continent's northeast, with Pre‐Recent SSI species concentrated in the southeast, a pattern largely reflecting photosynthetic type (C4 and C3 respectively). Endemic and shared species distribution patterns support a migration sequence in which most C3 Pooideae and Panicoideae genera arrived in Australia before the Pliocene aridifications, followed by C4 Chloridoideae as aridification increased, with C4 Andropogoneae immigrating most recently across Lake Carpentaria's open habitats in the later Pleistocene. Recent SSI shared species were significantly taller than Pre‐Recent SSI endemic grasses.Main ConclusionsThe few grasses present in Australia before the Pliocene grew in cooler areas. The influx of taller Recent SSI grasses contributed to dramatic environmental changes—including creation of the northern savannas—with repercussions for resident taxa. Contemporary methods of fuel management could be promoting invasion by grass, thereby jeopardising the conditions suited to ancient taxa and threatening the region's evolutionary history.
The tangled biogeographic history of tarantulas: An African centre of origin rules out the centrifugal model of speciation
Authors: Biswas Aritra , Chaitanya Ramamoorthi , Karanth K. Praveen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimMany animal groups diversify at the same place where they have originated, whereas others diversify at a place completely different from the centre of origin. Identification of the centre of origin, subsequent colonisation and diversification is crucial for understanding lineages' macroevolutionary dynamics and biogeographical patterns. The historical biogeography of the Mygalomorph spider family Theraphosidae has been confounded by two conflicting hypotheses – a South American origin for the group, which is also the centre of its greatest extant diversity, as against an African origin. We aim to ascertain the centre of origin and directionality of inter‐continental dispersal events in tarantulas by reconstructing their biogeographic history.LocationWorldwide.TaxonTarantulas.MethodsWe calibrated a previously published genome‐scale phylogeny of Mygalomorph spiders using an improved interpretation of the fossil record. We reconstructed ancestral geographic ranges using the R packagebiogeobearsto explicitly test four different hypotheses that are likely to explain the extant diversity and distribution of tarantulas incorporating a time‐stratified approach.ResultsOur results indicate that the ancestral stock of extant tarantulas occurred in Africa and South America during themid‐Cretaceous, but subsequently went extinct in South America. This points to an African origin for all modern tarantula lineages. The best supported biogeographic model suggests multiple ‘out of Africa’ dispersal events into South America and later into India during the late Cretaceous.Main ConclusionLocalised ecological processes such as extinction, dispersal, key innovations, hybridisation and species–area relationships might cause a discordance between centre of origin and diversity.
Does global supply chain integration payoff? The case of maritime shipping firms
Authors: Wiedmer Robert , Polyviou Mikaella , Paraskevas John‐Patrick 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlobal supply chains operate in a volatile environment characterized by risks like the 2008–2009 financial crisis, trade disputes, and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Maritime shipping firms, the backbone of global supply chains, are particularly affected by this volatility. In response, these firms have pursued two strategies. First, they have acquired tangible assets to increase their capacity. These assets, however, are neither easily re‐deployable to other uses nor quickly adjustable, preventing firms from flexibly matching supply and demand. Second, these firms have pursued global supply chain integration by acquiring similar firms or firms in their upstream or downstream supply chain to diversify into other supply chain activities. Anecdotal evidence suggests that some firms have successfully pursued these strategies, but others have failed, eventually exiting the market. We posit that one explanation for this difference may be how effectively these firms manage their assets relative to their supply chain integration activities. We test this proposition by drawing from resource‐based theory and transaction cost economics and using longitudinal data for 148 maritime shipping firms. We also test post hoc whether typically acquired supply chain activities are beneficial. Our findings offer insights into asset management and global supply chain integration and offer advice to practitioners.
Pemetrexed induces ROS generation and cellular senescence by attenuating TS‐mediated thymidylate metabolism to reverse gefitinib resistance in NSCLC
Authors: Chen Yun , Zhang Chen , Jin Shidai , Li Jun , Dai Jiali , Zhang Zhihong , Guo Renhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKI) are strongly recommended for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbouring active EGFR mutations, while drug resistance makes exploring resistance mechanisms and seeking effective therapeutic strategies urgent endeavours. Thymidylate synthetase (TYMS or TS) is a dominant enzyme in thymidylate nucleotide metabolism. In this study, we found a positive correlation between TS expression and overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in lung adenocarcinoma. The examination of gene sets from 140 NSCLC patients received EGFR‐TKI therapy demonstrated a negative correlation between high TS expression and the efficacy of EGFR‐TKI therapy. 24 tissue specimens from NSCLC patients exhibited upregulated TS mRNA expression in NSCLC patients resistant to gefitinib. The NSCLC cell PC9 and HCC827 sensitive to gefitinib and relatively resistant PC9/GR and HCC827/GR cells were used to demonstrate the knockdown of TS restored the sensitivity of resistant cells to gefitinib. Furthermore, pemetrexed effectively suppressed TS‐mediated thymidylate metabolism and induced ROS generation, DNA damage and cellular senescence, thereby hampering cancer progression and restoring sensitivity to gefitinib. Our findings illuminate the potential mechanism of TS‐triggered gefitinib resistance and indicate inhibition of TS by pemetrexed can potentiate the effect of gefitinib in NSCLC. Pemetrexed combined with gefitinib has potent anti‐progression potential in gefitinib‐resistant NSCLC. This study suggests that NSCLC patients with both high TS expression and EGFR‐driving mutations might benefit more from a combination strategy of EGFR‐TKI and pemetrexed‐based chemotherapy than EGFR‐TKI monotherapy, which has profound clinical implications and therapeutic value.
Technique to deliver dsRNA in Bemisia tabaci nymphs and its validation through silencing of juvenile hormone esterase gene
Authors: Karthigai Devi S. , Banta Geetika , Jindal Vikas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a technique employed to investigate the functions of various genes in whitefly and other insects. The effectiveness of the RNAi technique depends upon the delivery of dsRNA into the insects and it has been achieved through microinjection, oral feeding, egg soaking, transfection, topical application, spraying with nanoparticles, leaf‐mediated dsRNA feeding or plant‐mediated/ transgenic plants. In Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), most of the studies on RNAi were conducted on the adult through either injection or oral feeding. There is a need to develop a system to deliver dsRNA in whitefly nymphs because the first instar nymphs after hatching find a suitable place on the leaf and feed on the same place till adult emergence. So, we evaluated nine different techniques using different sponges, tubes, and, Petri plates for feeding nymphs. The detached leaf survived for maximum number of days (8.25 days) with minimum nymphal mortality (12.01%) in the Whitefly Nymphal Feeding System‐1 (WNFS‐1) treatment; therefore, WNFS‐1 was selected for the delivery of dsRNA to B. tabaci nymphs. In WNFS‐1, blue food dye was used to confirm that nymphs were being fed, and the results were evidenced by blue‐coloured bodies. The juvenile hormone esterase (jhe) gene was silenced in order to successfully deliver dsRNA to nymphs using WNFS‐1 and resulting in much higher nymphal mortality (68.36%). Therefore, WNFS‐1 is a reliable method of delivering dsRNA for the purpose of silencing the genes in the nymphal stages of whiteflies. The WNFS system may also be used extensively to evaluate any chemistry (insecticides, hormones, biopesticides, etc.) in nymphs of whitefly.
Artificial intelligence for gastroenterology: Singapore artificial intelligence for Gastroenterology Working Group Position Statement
Authors: Sung Joseph J Y , Savulescu Julian , Ngiam K Y , An Bo , Ang Tiing Leong , Yeoh K G , Cham Tat‐Jen , Tsao Stephen , Chua T S 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful implementation of artificial intelligence in gastroenterology and hepatology practice requires more than technology. There are ethical, legal, and social issues that need to be settled.AimA group consisting of AI developers (engineer), AI users (gastroenterologist, hepatologist, and surgeon) and AI regulators (ethicist and administrator) formed a Working Group to draft these Positions Statements with the objective of arousing public and professional interest and dialogue, to promote ethical considerations when implementing AI technology, to suggest to policy makers and health authorities relevant factors to take into account when approving and regulating the use of AI tools, and to engage the profession in preparing for change in clinical practice.StatementsThese series of Position Statements point out the salient issues to maintain the trust between care provider and care receivers, and to legitimize the use of a non‐human tool in healthcare delivery. It is based on fundamental principles such as respect, autonomy, privacy, responsibility, and justice. Enforcing the use of AI without considering these factor risk damaging the doctor–patient relationship.
Promoting Physical Activity During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Authors: Polster Malorie , Olscamp Kate , Barnett Elizabeth Y. , Oziel Rachel , Fisher Dena Gregory , Dawson Jaime Murphy , Bevington Frances 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPhysical activity is important for improving and maintaining overall health across the life span, including during and after pregnancy. Achieving recommended levels of physical activity can be challenging during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The US Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion sought to promote physical activity during and after pregnancy through the development of health education materials for the Move Your Way campaign. Research was conducted with pregnant and postpartum people to learn what types of messages and materials would encourage physical activity in these populations.MethodsParticipants were recruited from 3 regions of the United States to participate in 90‐minute virtual focus groups. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older and either pregnant or 6 weeks to 1 year postpartum. Participants were asked questions about their beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions about physical activity and prompted to provide feedback on health promotion messages and images. Sessions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for key themes.ResultsTwenty‐four focus groups were conducted with 48 pregnant participants and 52 postpartum participants. Sixteen sessions were conducted in English and 8 were conducted in Spanish. Most participants had questions about how much physical activity is recommended, and many cited their health care provider as a trusted source of information. Participants responded positively to materials that acknowledged the uniqueness of each pregnant or postpartum experience, referenced gradually increasing physical activity levels, highlighted the benefits of physical activity, focused on safety, addressed common barriers, and displayed realistic representations of physical activity.DiscussionThere is an opportunity to improve messaging about physical activity during and after pregnancy. To better promote physical activity, perinatal health care providers and other health professionals can share information about recommended amounts of physical activity, communicate the benefits, and promote realistic and achievable physical activity messages that address common barriers in these populations.
Characterizing microglial senescence: Tau as a key player
Authors: Karabag Deniz , Scheiblich Hannah , Griep Angelika , Santarelli Francesco , Schwartz Stephanie , Heneka Michael T. , Ising Christina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe highest risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases like tauopathies is aging. Many physiological decrements underlying aging are linked to cellular senescence. Senescent cells are characterized by an irreversible growth arrest and formation of a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), a proinflammatory secretome that modifies the cellular microenvironment and contributes to tissue deterioration. Microglia, the innate immune cells in the brain, can enter a senescent state during aging. In addition, senescent microglia have been identified in the brains of tau‐transgenic mice and patients suffering from tauopathies. While the contribution of senescent microglia to the development of tauopathies and other neurodegenerative diseases is a growing area of research, the effect of tau on microglial senescence remains elusive. Here, we exposed primary microglia to 5 and 15 nanomolar (nM) of monomeric tau for 18 h, followed by a recovery period of 48 h. Using multiple senescence markers, we found that exposure to 15 nM, but not 5 nM of tau increased levels of cell cycle arrest and a DNA damage marker, induced loss of the nuclear envelope protein lamin B1 and the histone marker H3K9me3, impaired tau clearance and migration, altered the cell morphology and resulted in formation of a SASP. Taken together, we show that exposure to tau can lead to microglial senescence. As senescent cells were shown to negatively impact tau pathologies, this suggests the presence of a vicious circle, which should be further investigated in the future.image