bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Down the rabbit hole: reviewing the evidence for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with obesity
Authors: Stumpf Matheo A M , Cercato Cintia , de Melo Maria E , Santos Raul D , Mancini Marcio C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent chronic disorder and a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the evidence of treating obesity for primary prevention of major cardiovascular events is still scarce and controversial. In this review, we provided a comprehensive description of the current evidence in treating obesity regarding cardiovascular protection. Bariatric surgery appears to be the most robust method to reduce events in people without established cardiovascular disease. High compliance to lifestyle interventions can further reduce cardiovascular risk. Concerning pharmacological therapies, a post hoc analysis from SUSTAIN-6 and a meta-analysis from STEP trials suggest that semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, could reduce cardiovascular events in people without established cardiovascular disease. The first study addressed specifically a high-risk population with diabetes and, the second, low- or intermediary-risk individuals without diabetes. Tirzepatide, a novel dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist, although not yet tested in specific cardiovascular outcomes trials, could be an alternative since it induces loss in weight similar to the achieved by bariatric surgery. Therefore, extrapolated data in distinct baseline cardiovascular risk populations suggest that these two drugs could be used in primary prevention with the aim of preventing cardiovascular events, but the grade of this evidence is still low. Specifically designed studies are needed to address this specific topic.
Association of tobacco smoke exposure with metabolic profile from childhood to early adulthood: the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project
Authors: Lehtovirta Miia , Pahkala Katja , Rovio Suvi P , Magnussen Costan G , Laitinen Tomi T , Niinikoski Harri , Lagström Hanna , Viikari Jorma S A , Rönnemaa Tapani , Jula Antti , Ala-Korpela Mika , Raitakari Olli T 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the associations between passive tobacco smoke exposure and daily smoking with a comprehensive metabolic profile, measured repeatedly from childhood to adulthood.

Methods and results
Study cohort was derived from the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Smoking status was obtained by questionnaire, while serum cotinine concentrations were measured using gas chromatography. Metabolic measures were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics at 9 (n = 539), 11 (n = 536), 13 (n = 525), 15 (n = 488), 17 (n = 455), and 19 (n = 409) years. Association of passive tobacco smoke exposure with metabolic profile compared participants who reported less-than-weekly smoking and had serum cotinine concentration &lt;1 ng/mL (no exposure) with those whose cotinine concentration was ≥10 ng/mL (passive tobacco smoke exposure). Associations of daily smoking with metabolic profile in adolescence were analysed by comparing participants reporting daily smoking with those reporting no tobacco use and having serum cotinine concentrations &lt;1 ng/mL. Passive tobacco smoke exposure was directly associated with the serum ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids [β = 0.34 standard deviation (SD), (0.17–0.51), P &lt; 0.0001] and inversely associated with the serum ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Exposure to passive tobacco smoke was directly associated with very-low-density lipoprotein particle size [β = 0.28 SD, (0.12–0.45), P = 0.001] and inversely associated with HDL particle size {β = −0.21 SD, [−0.34 to −0.07], P = 0.003}. Daily smokers exhibited a similar metabolic profile to those exposed to passive tobacco smoke. These results persisted after adjusting for body mass index, STRIP study group allocation, dietary target score, pubertal status, and parental socio-economic status.

Conclusion
Both passive and active tobacco smoke exposures during childhood and adolescence are detrimentally associated with circulating metabolic measures indicative of increased cardio-metabolic risk.
First Observations of a Potential Association Between Accumulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Central Nervous System and Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Delcourt Nicolas , Pouget Alix-Marie , Grivaud Alicia , Nogueira Leonor , Larvor Frédéric , Marchand Philippe , Schmidt Eric , Le Bizec Bruno 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The entire human population is exposed to persistent organic pollutants throughout their lives. Among them, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals widely used in industrial and consumer products that are known to exert adverse effects on human health. As they bioaccumulate in the human brain and are known to be neurotoxic in experimental models, they are assumed to be involved in neurodegenerative processes. In this proof-of-concept study, we measured the level of 18 PFAS in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 8 patients hospitalized with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus. We then analyzed whether PFAS levels could be related to both biological and clinical markers of Alzheimer’s disease. We showed that PFAS and perfluorooctanesulfonate were found in all CSF samples from a French region without fluorochemical industries. Moreover, we observed a significant difference between the levels of PFAS and perfluorooctanesulfonate in the CSF of patients with both Alzheimer’s disease markers and cognitive impairment compared with those with only 1 or neither. Two previous studies have shown that PFAS levels in human CSF increase with age and are linked to impaired blood–brain barrier integrity. Our results provide the first evidence of a link between PFAS accumulation in the central nervous system and clinical and biological markers of Alzheimer’s disease.
Perceived Age Discrimination in the Second Half of Life: An Examination of Age, Period, and Cohort Effects
Authors: Ayalon Liat , Bramajo Octavio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Ageism is defined as stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination based on age. Perceived age discrimination (e.g., the behavioral component of ageism) is highly prevalent in society, as reported by 1 in 3 people in Europe. The present study examined variations in perceived age discrimination in the second half of life. We adopt a comprehensive approach that examines whether perceived age discrimination varies by age (chronological time from birth), period (the context when data were collected), or cohort (a group of people with shared life events experienced at a similar age) across gender and ethnic origin.

Research Design and Methods
We relied on psychosocial data from the Health and Retirement Survey between 2006 and 2018. We ran a set of age–period–cohort models to determine the separate effects of aging (age) factors, contextual (period) factors, and generational (cohort) factors on perceived age discrimination.

Results
Our findings show that perceived age discrimination increases with age but reaches a plateau around the age of 75. There also were some cohort effects, but they appeared minimal and inconsistent. No period effects were found.

Discussion and Implications
The findings attest to the consistent nature of perceived age discrimination, which is less likely to be affected by external contextual events. It also is less likely to be affected by gender or ethnicity. The findings also suggest that it is older persons who are more likely to report age discrimination, thus, interventions should address ageism in this age group.
Heterogenous pathogen profile associated with acute conjunctivitis in Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Meenu , Sitaula Sanjeeta , Ruder Kevin , Chen Cindi , Zhong Lina , Heng Lu Yu , Abraham Thomas , Yu Danny , Hinterwirth Armin , Lietman Thomas M , Doan Thuy , Seitzman Gerami D ,   the SCORPIO Study Group, Prajna Lalitha , Prajna N Venkatesh , Gunasekaran Ramesh , Sharma Sankalp Singh , Teja Vishnu , Chaudhary Meenu , Sitaula Sanjeeta , Sié Ali , Coulibaly Boubacar , Bountogo Mamadou , Somkijrungroj Thanapong , Satitpitakul Vannarut , Tran Huy , Mai Linh Hoàng , Xuân Thảo Hạ , Tran Yen , Urzua Cristhian A , Vega Fabian , Salgado Felipe , Cuitino Loreto , Pérez Pérez Fernando , Martínez Jaime Macías , Lansingh Van Charles , Thanapaisal Sukhumal , Laovirojjanakul Wipada , McKie George , Chavez Kenia , Redd Travis , Chamberlain Winston , Cheng Angel , Tham Vivien , Sansanayudh Wiwan , Yakoura Abba Kaka Hajia , Amza Abdou , Souley Abdoul Salam Youssoufou , Diori Adam Nouhou , Nassirou Beido , Kadri Boubacar , Mariama Boubacar , Ibrahim Cissé Mamadou , Roufaye Lamyne Aboubacar , Boulhassane Ramatou , Ali Saley , Abdou Zakou , Goren Lee , Sella Ruti , Kelliher Clare , Green Laura , Ong Hon Shing , Mehta Jod , Liu Yu-Chi , Pinsky Benjamin A , Hwang De-Kuang , Fan Nai-Wen , Chiong Hong Sheng , Lacorzana Javier , Cabrera-Aguas Maria , Watson Stephanie , Tsui Edmund , Cherian Nina M , Feit-Leichman Rachel , Hughes Reginald E , Onclinx Tania , Privratsky Joseph K , Yu Carol , McClean Esmeralda , Molina Iliana , Hinterwirth Armin , Chen Cindi , Yu Danny , Liu David , Lebas Elodie , Colby Emily , Seitzman Gerami , Ruder Kevin , Zhong Lina , Deiner Michael , Abraham Thomas , Lietman Thomas , Doan Thuy , Porco Travis , McLeod Stephen , Kanai Kuniyoshi , Whiteside Meredith , Yeh Steven , Fashina Tolulope , Chodosh James , Tarkap Bridgit , Garap Jambi N , Mangot Magdalene , Amel Edwin , Taleo Fasihah , Kasso Johnson , Willie Kalbule , Nanu Madopule , Rymill Prudence , Solomon Anthony W 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Infectious conjunctivitis is common in Nepal.

Materials and Methods
This prospective study recruited 60 patients with presumed acute infectious conjunctivitis from the B.P. Koirala Lions Center for Ophthalmic Studies in Kathmandu, Nepal. Swabs from the conjunctiva and anterior nares were processed for metagenomic RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq).

Results
Pathogens were identified in 55% of cases. RNA viruses were the most common pathogen class identified. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was the most common RNA virus identified.

Conclusions
Acute infectious conjunctivitis varies by location. Contrary to expectations, RNA viruses predominated. Repeat surveillance may be useful and RNA-seq allows for detection of the unexpected pathogen including RNA viruses.
Novel asphalt pavement with directional heat conduction for melting of ice and snow in plateau and cold areas
Authors: Li Zeren , Zhu Anqi , Zhan You , Luo Zhiwei , Zhang Allen A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Because of the low temperature in plateau and cold areas, highway pavements are greatly affected by ice and snow, which typically lead to vehicle skidding, rollover, and even more severe traffic accidents. For infrastructure such as airports and roads, electric heating technology has been used for ice melting and snow removal with the advantage of using clean and renewable energy. However, the traditional electric heating pavement suffers from low thermal conductivity, energy scattering during the heating process, and the lack of an intelligent heating control system. To improve the efficiency of ice and snow melting and realize intelligent control, this study developed an innovative design for the heat conduction structure of the pavement. The proposed structure consists of the upper layer of the highway pavement, heat source layer, heat insulation layer, lower layer, and the base layer from top to bottom, which can realize directional heat conduction and heat insulation. The validity of the design is verified by thermal conductivity test, simulation test, and finite element modelling. The results hold scientific significance in terms of promoting snow melting pavement research and the development of new snow and ice melting technology. .
A new species of Janiralata Menzies, 1951 (Isopoda: Janiridae) from Japanese bathyal waters, with a review of the associations with invertebrates among the species of Janiralata
Authors: Ohta Mizuki , Takano Tsuyoshi , Kojima Shigeaki , Narimatsu Yoji 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Isopods of the genus Janiralata Menzies, 1951 (Asellota: Janiridae) are known from shallow and deep waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Most species are free-living, but some are symbiotic on the surface of other benthic invertebrates. We obtained from three beam- and four otter-trawl hauls 18 Janiralata asellote specimens from the bathyal zone off the Pacific coasts of Tohoku, northeastern Japan. Partial nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene (505 bp) were determined for 16 of the 18 collected specimens. Non-significant genetic differences (&lt; 0.8%) indicated that the individuals were conspecifics. Morphological analysis indicated that all the specimens belonged to a single species, Janiralata planasp. nov. based on the unique morphology of the anterolateral and distolateral projections on the head and pleotelson, surface and lateral margins of the body, antennula article 1, and of the male pleopod 1. Six of the 18 collected specimens were found attached to the surface of an unidentified sea anemone (Hormathiidae), ten to the solasterid starfish Crossaster borealis Fisher, 1906 and two were obtained from the bottom sediment. Three COI haplotypes of the new species were shared by individuals from two neighboring sites, which suggests that genetic isolation occurs on a relatively narrow horizontal scale, although the bathymetric distribution range was rather wide. We describe a case study of the geographic and bathymetric distributions of an asellote species with low dispersal ability and its genetically differentiated populations. Such approach could help elucidate the diversity and distribution of deep-sea organisms and their diversification processes.
Quantitative cotyloid fossa thickness and proximity to obturator neurovascular bundle: implications for arthroscopic ligamentum teres reconstruction
Authors: Mazek Jacek , Helmy Nader , Salas Antonio Porthos , Skowronek Pawel , Madej Arkadiusz , O´Donnell John M , Dimitriou Dimitris 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to report the in vivo thickness of the cotyloid fossa at the acetabular ligamentum teres (LT) attachment and investigate the clearance of the obturator neurovascular bundle. Fifty-five consecutive patients undergoing a total hip arthroplasty for hip osteoarthritis were included. The thickness of the cotyloid fossa was measured at the acetabular LT attachment using a standard depth gauge. The minimal distance (clearance) of the obturator neurovascular bundle to the center of the acetabular LT attachment was measured in 7 patients (14 hips) who also underwent a computed tomography angiography. The average thickness of the cotyloid fossa at the acetabular LT attachment was 4.1 ± 2.3 (range: 1–10) mm. The obturator vein was closest to the acetabular LT attachment, but the clearance was more than the defined safe zone of 15 mm in all cases. Based on the current findings, it can be assumed that bone anchors might not be suitable for fixation of the graft in LT reconstruction (LTR) and an alternative implant such as a cortical button should be considered. Acetabular fixation of the graft with a 12-mm cortical button is relatively safe concerning injury to obturator neurovascular structures. The results of the present study provide a better understanding of the cotyloid fossa anatomy and might be relevant for surgeons who perform arthroscopic LTR.
The prevalence of human papillomavirus vaccination among racial and ethnic minority adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ejezie Chinenye Lynette , Savas Lara S , Durand Casey , Shegog Ross , Cuccaro Paula 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among adolescents has steadily improved over the past several years. However, research conducted to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted this positive trend in HPV vaccine initiation among racial and ethnic minority adolescents is limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting changes in the US health-care sector affected the increasing HPV vaccine initiation among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adolescents aged 13-17 years.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional design to examine data from the National Immunization Survey–Teen (2019-2021), logistic regression and moderation analysis were used to model race-specific variations in HPV vaccine initiation (n = 49 031). Two-sided P values of up to .05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16 to 1.57) and non-Hispanic Black (AOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.51) adolescents had higher odds of HPV vaccine initiation than did non-Hispanic White adolescents. Additionally, the odds of HPV vaccine initiation were higher in 2021 (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.38) than in 2019. Other variables—age, region, sex, insurance status, and poverty status—were also associated with HPV vaccine initiation.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, racial and ethnic minorities had higher odds of receiving the HPV vaccine. Therefore, more research of the impact of the pandemic on HPV vaccine initiation among non-Hispanic White and racial and ethnic minority adolescents is needed.
Kocuria rhizophila prosthetic hip joint infection
Authors: McAleese Timothy , Ahmed Aathir , Berney Mark , O’Riordan Ruth , Cleary May 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present the first case report of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Kocuria rhizophila. Our patient is a 74-year-old male who underwent primary total hip replacement for right hip pain. His recovery was uneventful until 6 weeks postoperatively when he presented to his routine outpatient appointment with significant erythema, swelling, and tenderness over his right hip wound. Based on the acuity of his symptoms and the radiological findings, it was determined that the patient should undergo debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR procedure). A consensus decision was also made at our PJI multidisciplinary meeting to treat him with 12 weeks of IV antibiotics. After completing this 12 weeks course of IV Vancomycin, his inflammatory markers returned to normal limits. At 6 months follow-up, our patient was mobilizing independently without any signs of infection recurrence. His radiographs showed the implant was in a satisfactory position with no evidence of loosening. This case adds to an emerging body of literature describing invasive infections associated with Kocuria species. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of managing this condition with debridement, implant retention, and IV Vancomycin therapy for 12 weeks.
Sustainable Tactical Combat Casualty Care Implementation in Ghana: A Model for Future Development
Authors: Polley Catherine C , Adu-Gyamfi Rossi , Mahama-Toure Tawfik , Okpoti Konney Fattal , Oti-Boateng Emmanuel , Nsohlebna Nsoh Lawrence , Ballard Timothy 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Department of Defense policy for Global Health Engagement (GHE) activities prioritizes interoperability and sustainability within security cooperation, yet these elements, along with monitoring and evaluation, are not well reported.

Materials and Methods
In this case study reviewing 1 year after the implementation of a Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) program in Ghana, the Ghana Armed Forces (GAF) has conducted five independent TCCC Medical Provider Tier courses and four All Service Member Tier courses. They have certified 240 students, 21 instructors, and appointed 2 affiliate faculty members with the National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (NAEMT). Ghana is one of the only four active NAEMT-certified TCCC training sites in Africa. The principles that allowed for this achievement could serve as a ‘best practice’ model for GHE.

Results
Principally, the GAF took ownership of the program from the onset. The program also had an extensive preparatory phase 0 before initiating phase 1 on the ground training, which included establishing leadership and a medical modeling and simulation center pre-engagement. The triple partnership achieved between the U.S. DoD’s African Peacekeeping Rapid Response Partnership, the GAF, and the NAEMT, a civilian certifying organization, allowed the sustainment of the TCCC program. African Peacekeeping Rapid Response Partnership also built on experience from other programs to develop a multifaceted model. Persisting challenges to the current program and future GHEs include continued funding and equipment, the associated issues with rapid expansion, and monitoring and evaluation, which all pose barriers to continued sustainment.

Conclusion
The year sustainment of the GAF TCCC training program provides hope as a model for future DoD GHEs to attain sustainable development and points to the possibility of long-term programs with meaningful outcomes.
Long-Term Hearing Loss after Acute Acoustic Trauma in the French Military: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Lachaux Jordan , Giéré Pierre Alexandre , Vuillemin Quentin , Colléony Thomas , Crambert Anna , Siegrist Sophie , Parietti-Winkler Cécile , Schwartzbrod Pierre-Éric , Andéol Guillaume 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Acute acoustic trauma (AAT) is characterized by cochlea–vestibular signs following intense noise exposure, often caused by impulse noise. French military faces a high risk of AAT because of the use of weapons with peak sound levels exceeding 150 dB. Hearing loss (HL) resulting from AAT can have a significant impact on quality of life and operational capacity. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of long-term hearing impairment after AAT.

Materials and Methods
The study involved a retrospective review of computer-based patient records from four military medical centers in Northeast France between January 2016 and December 2021. The inclusion criteria required the presence of cochlea–vestibular signs following impulse acoustic exposure and the absence of other causes. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, including audiometric data before and after exposure. The primary end point was the presence of a threshold elevation greater than 10 dB between reference and late audiograms.

Results
A total of 419 patients were included in the analysis, with a majority of males (n = 419; 84.7%) and a mean age of 23.6 yrs. The most common causative agent was the 5.56-mm assault rifle (n = 327; 78.0%). Tinnitus was the most frequent symptom (n = 366; 87.4%), followed by hypoacusis (n = 147; 35.1%) and earache (n = 89; 21.2%). The initial audiograms showed no HL in 31.0% of cases, while the mean deficit across all frequencies was 15.4 dB. All patients received corticosteroid therapy, with a mean duration of 6.0 d. Late audiograms conducted at an average interval of 448.0 d after AAT revealed a prevalence of long-term HL exceeding 20%. Higher doses of corticosteroid therapy (&gt;1 mg/kg) were associated with a reduced frequency of long-term HL.

Conclusions
This study highlights the prevalence of long-term hearing impairment after AAT in the French military. The findings emphasize the importance of preventive measures, including proper use of hearing protection devices, and the need for timely diagnosis and treatment. Further research is warranted to explore gender susceptibility to AAT and evaluate the impact of different weapons on AAT characteristics. The study also underscores the potential benefits of higher doses of corticosteroid therapy in reducing the risk of long-term hearing impairment. Overall, the findings contribute to a better understanding of AAT and can inform strategies for its prevention and management in military settings.