bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etched Silicon Planar CRL Optics for the High-Energy X-ray Diffraction Beamlines 11-ID-B and 11-ID-C at the APS
Authors: Ruett Uta , Gades Lisa , Borkiewicz Olaf , Quaranta Orlando , Beyer Kevin , Jennings Guy , Suzanne Miller C. , Miceli Antonino 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The focusing of high-energy X-rays is most commonly achieved by commercially available compound refractive lenses (CRL), which are added together in larger structures. There is a need for high-energy X-ray beamlines to enable focusing in only one dimension down to a few micrometers to study layered materials and thin films. High-energy X-rays above 50 keV require often 100 lenses or more, therefore it is more efficient to etch the complete arrays of lenses into a monolithic substrate like a silicon wafer. Custom lens arrays were fabricated for the high-energy x-ray beamlines 11-ID-B, and 11-ID-C at the Argonne National Laboratory. The fabrication required tuning parameters of the Bosch process to optimize the etching of deep vertical sidewalls at a reasonable speed without overheating. The beamline 11-ID-B is equipped with lens arrays of 85-110 lenses for 59 keV and 190-250 lenses for 87 keV photon energy, focusing the beam vertically below 5.0 µm at the sample positions between 1600 mm to 2100 mm. 11-ID-C has received arrays of 435 lenses that focus 106 keV X-rays to a vertical height of 2.0 µm at the sample position. In both cases, the flux density gain in the focal spot is larger than a factor of 20, relative to using slits to cut the beam size. The lens setup is permanently installed and can be moved in and out of the beam during the experiment without further alignment. The lenses have enabled operando diffraction studies on interfaces in batteries and the development of pair distribution function (PDF) analysis using grazing incidence geometry.
An innovative optical element for X-ray beam aperture, monitoring, and diagnostic at the CARNAÚBA beamline at SIRIUS/LNLS
Authors: da Silva F. M. C. , Moreno G. B. Z. L. , Geraldes R. R. , Lordano S. A. , Pinto A. C. , Kofukuda L. M. , Sotero A. P. , Tolentino H. C. N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The CARNAÚBA beamline is the tender-to-hard X-ray nanoprobe under commissioning for the new source Sirius at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). The all-achromatic optics relies on horizontal deflection mirrors, a horizontal secondary source aperture (SSA), and Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirrors to reach beam size down to ~30x30 nm2 at the sample position. To handle the highly focused power density of the pink beam and reach the desired stability for the horizontal secondary source, essential for the desired focusing and coherent properties at the sample position, we present here an SSA device based on a cryogenically cooled Si crystal in a channel-cut geometry. The crystal slabs define the channel aperture, which is controlled by a fine rotation. Simultaneously to the aperture function, the device plays the key role of beam position monitor and beam diagnostic. The scattered signal from the slabs is used to monitor the horizontal beam position during experiments and serves as a feedback input for the pitch control system of the upstream focusing mirror to stabilize the beam intensity and wavefront. The Bragg magnifier geometry of the device spreads the beam over the slabs, allowing the diffracted image of the beam to be collected by an area detector. The beam spread on the slabs also reduces the power density reaching the device, keeping it stable and under controlled temperatures.
Development of multi-beam optics for time-resolved X-ray tomography: from π-polarization to σ-polarization
Authors: Voegeli Wolfgang , Liang Xiaoyu , Shirasawa Tetsuroh , Arakawa Etsuo , Hyodo Kazuyuki , Kudo Hiroyuki , Yashiro Wataru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A multi-beam X-ray optics that can image a sample from different directions in a large angular range simultaneously without sample rotation is reported. It consists of 28 thin silicon crystals that are arranged in a σ-polarization diffraction geometry so that the diffracted X-rays from an incident white synchrotron radiation beam pass through the sample. A tomogram of a simple test sample was calculated from projection images recorded with the optics, showing that an alignment accuracy sufficient for X-ray tomography can be achieved.
Characterizing the transverse coherence of an undulator beamline at the Advanced Photon Source using grating interferometry
Authors: Shi Xianbo , Zhang Zhan , Qiao Zhi , Grizolli Walan , AssoufId Lahsen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We report on a comprehensive experimental study of the impacts of the quality and stability of optical components on the transverse coherence of the 33-ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. More specifIcally, this study, carried out using grating interferometry, shows how the quality of two of the beamline’s key components, namely, the monochromator and the beryllium window, affects the beam transverse coherence and demonstrates that the decoherence effects of each optical component can be measured quantitatively, thus providing critical information for subsequent improvements to the beamline. The technique and analysis used in this work can be adapted to any coherence-oriented beamlines.
Advanced optical simulation tools in the OASYS suite and their applications to the design of last generation synchrotron radiation beamlines
Authors: Rebuffi Luca , Shi Xianbo , Sanchez del Rio Manuel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Since 2013, OASYS (OrAnge SYnchrotron Suite) has been developed as a versatile, user-friendly and open-source graphical environment for modeling X-ray sources, optical systems, and experiments. Its concept stems from the need for modern software tools to satisfy the demand for performing more complex analyses and designing optical systems for 4th generation synchrotron radiation and FEL facilities. The ultimate purpose of OASYS is to integrate in a synergetic way the most powerful calculation engines available to perform virtual experiments in a synchrotron beamline. For X-ray Optics, OASYS integrates different simulation strategies by implementing adequate simulation tools, which communicate by sending and receiving encapsulated data. The OASYS suite has been extensively used in the optical design process for the upgrade projects of several synchrotron radiation facilities worldwide. Several new tools have been created to perform advanced calculations needed for the design of the beamlines and provide accurate specifications for the procurement of the optics.
In-built resonant structures for precision assembly of X-Ray Optics for 4th Generation Light Sources
Authors: Bainbridge E. , Griffiths J. , Clunan J. , Docker P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As the Diamond Light Source embraces the move towards becoming a fourth generation light source it will require its optics to perform under increasingly demanding conditions. Foremost amongst these conditions will be the increasing powers they are subjected to and the reducing real estate they must perform in. With these new challenges comes the need for greater understanding of how optics are assembled and how consistently this activity is carried out. In this paper, the concept of using passive resonant structures as part of a precision assembly approach for such optics is introduced. Numerical simulation of a passive resonant device comprising tines which are compressed as clamping force is increased is presented, revealing a frequency shift from intermediately fastened to fully tightened. This approach has the potential to provide a robust, game changing improvement to the accuracy of assembly of X-ray optics and subsequently a significant improvement in their performance.
Embedded Micro-channel Cooling Technique to Minimize Thermal Deformation of X-ray and High-power Laser Optics
Authors: Wei Tiwei , Zhang Lin , Asheghi Mehdi , Goodson Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The thermal deformation of silicon-based X-ray and high-power laser optics is a strong function of the beam power and footprint, mirror geometry as well as the location of the “convective” thermal management solution. Previous research carefully optimized the impact of these parameters and arrived at the “Topside cooling” design concept (smart-cut notches) that reduced the thermal slope error (sub-μrads) by 3-5 orders of magnitude compared to the baseline mirror bottom-side cooling [1,2]. The present work introduces internal embedded microchannel cooling which brings the cooling solution to the close proximity of the laser beam footprint and also reduce thermal spreading. The thermomechanical finite element modelling (FEM) results show that embedded microchannel cooling can reduce the thermal deformation in RMS-Uy by a factor of 40 and 13 compared with topside cooling, for Gaussian distribution beam heat flux with full width half maximum (FWHM) 20 mm and 40 mm, respectively.
Optical autocollimator for vibration measurements at Diamond I13 beamline
Authors: Kachkanov V. , Ziesche R. , Wagner U.H. , Batey D. , Li P. , Rau C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
I13 is a 250 m long hard X-ray beamline for imaging and coherence experiments at the Diamond Light Source [1]. The beamline comprises two independent experimental branches: one for imaging in direct space using X-ray microscopy and one for imaging in reciprocal space using coherent imaging techniques. The mechanical stability is very important for implementation of increased capabilities at latest generation of long beamlines [2]. Therefore, the beam stability monitoring is essential part of the day-to-day operation of the beamlines as well as for analysis of mechanical instability sources for the Diamond II upgrade. In this paper we present the setup developed to measure mechanical stability of beamline based on optical autocollimator.
Application of a long-trace profiler in situ at TPS beamlines
Authors: Lin Shang-Wei , Tsai Huang-Ming , Fu Huang-Wen , Hua Chih-Yu , Chiu Chao-Chih , Kao Kai-Yang , Hsu Ming-Ying , Chang Chia-Feng , Fung Hok-Sum , Yin Gung-Chian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To achieve an ultrahigh-resolution with soft x-ray beamlines at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), the slope error of a highly precise grating must be at the level of 0.1 μrad (RMS) under thermal loading with various curvatures. Some optics generally operate under a high power density from an undulator magnet on a beamline. The thermal load introduces a thermal bump in the optics profile and degrades the beamline performance, such as the energy resolution and beam size. Hence, active X-ray mirrors are emerging as primary solutions to meet the performance requirements of TPS. First, active X-ray optics were assembled in the laboratory and bent to the desired surface using an in-house long-trace profiler (LTP). When the optics were installed in the beamlines, LTP in situ (ISLTP) was used to fine-tune the mirrors under various operating conditions. This paper introduces the design and construction of ISLTP with a precision of 0.1 μrad (RMS) developed to measure the mirror profile in soft x-ray beamlines. The ISLTP can provide feedback perturbations owing to localised heat loading from the X-ray beam and thermal changes in the ambient environment, and its performance and in situ measurements are presented.
Photon Diagnostic for FLASH2020+: Analysis of Spontaneous Radiation for Undulator Alignment
Authors: N’gotta P , Tischer M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Within the FLASH2020+ program, DESY is aiming to significantly improve the flexibility and availability of its pioneering FEL FLASH for users. Increasing the electron beam energy to 1.35GeV will make wavelengths available up to the oxygen K-edge on the fundamental harmonic. Exchanging the current fixed gap undulators in the FLASH1 branch for variable gap devices will allow for fully independent operation of both branches in the future. The 11 new Apple III type variable polarization undulator segments will have a period length of 33mm and a length of 2.5m each.
This paper presents the development of a photon diagnostic station for FLASH2020+, an additional tool for alignment and commissioning of the undulators. The diagnostic station will be located about 50m downstream from the last undulator. It will allow for the measurement and correction of the electron beam orbit as well as for the measurement of the undulator K-values. In addition, the system can be used to investigate the phasing of the undulators in two adjacent cells by analysing their spontaneous radiation.
Absolute photon power measurements at the European XFEL instruments
Authors: Grünert Jan , Freund Wolfgang , Liu Jia , Maltezopoulos Theophilos , Kuiken Benjamin van , Scherz Andreas , Konopkova Zuzana , Zastrau Ulf , Tanaka Takahiro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The average photon flux is one of the main parameters of any photon source. At the European XFEL (EuXFEL), this is continuously monitored in the tunnels by X-ray Gas Monitors (XGMs) [1-3]. However, to measure the absolute value of the X-ray flux at the sample location in the scientific end-stations, in general a smaller device is required since the XGMs and their associated differential pumping stages are very space demanding. Therefore, a miniature solid-state room-temperature calorimeter based on a design by AIST, Japan [4-8] was commissioned with beam at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument where it could be located directly downstream of an XGM. This allowed for validation of the gas-based measurements with a solid-state physics method with an independent absolute calibration. The calorimeter was then applied at the High Energy Density (HED) instrument to characterize the beamline transmission and to calibrate a commercial laser power meter (LPM) [9] as a secondary relative monitor for X-ray measurements. This contribution describes the technical parameters and capabilities of the calorimeter and LPM and presents the measurements taken at SCS and HED.
XIDER: a novel X-ray detector for the next generation of high-energy synchrotron radiation sources
Authors: Williams M , Busca P , Collonge M , Fajardo P , Fischer P , Martin T , Ritzert M , Ruat M , Schimansky D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Next-generation sources of synchrotron radiation pose significant challenges for 2D pixelated X-ray detectors, such as at the ESRF Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS), the first fourth-generation high-energy synchrotron facility. In particular, scattering and diffraction experiments require fast detectors with a high dynamic range, from single photon sensitivity to pile-up conditions under very high photon fluxes. Furthermore, in the case of high-energy applications, the high-Z sensor materials needed for efficient photon detection introduce other difficulties. Leakage current, bias- and flux-induced polarisation, and afterglow all must be carefully managed for the detector system to reach the required specifications. The XIDER project aims to fulfil the needs of the above-mentioned applications by implementing a novel incremental digital integration readout scheme. XIDER detectors seek to operate efficiently under the high-flux EBS beam of up to 100 keV photons, with a time resolution that can cope with near-continuous and pulsed beams. Simultaneously, non-constant leakage current contributions can be removed for noise-free single photon detection, resulting in a very high dynamic range. This contribution presents the recent developments of the XIDER project, including the first characterisation measurements with cadmium telluride sensors.
Detection limit of next-generation of multi-element germanium detectors in the context of Environmental science
Authors: Iguaz F.J. , Saleem T. , Fonda E. , Landrot G. , Manzanillas L. , Orsini F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
One of the main challenges in Environmental sciences is the identification and chemical evolution of polluting traces (e.g, cadmium or antimony) in soil, which requires long acquistion times for accurate measurements at synchrotron facilities. In this context, the potential of a new generation multi-element germanium detectors to identify traces at 0.1-1 ppm in a reasonable time has been studied using Allpix Squared framework [1]. This code has been customized to include the three dimensional electric and weighting field maps generated by COMSOL Multiphysics software, and several features to model the sample environment at SOLEIL synchrotron and the signal response of a germanium detector equipped with a Digital Pulse Processor (DPP). The full simulation chain has been validated by experimental data from SAMBA beamline of SOLEIL synchrotron. This work presents a first estimation of the detection limit to cadmium traces in a soil sample for a future multi-element germanium detector, using this simulation chain.
Design and implementation of an instrument control platform for future beamline experiments at SPring-8
Authors: Nakajima K , Motomura K , Hiraki T N , Nakada K , Sugimoto T , Watanabe K , Osaka T , Yamazaki H , Ohashi H , Joti Y , Hatsui T , Yabashi M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

BL-774 is a control, data acquisition, and online analysis platform for addressing the requirements in future beamline experiments at SPring-8-II. To date, we have achieved implementations related to “robustness and flexibility” and “configuration management”. These implementations were made possible by the two-phase development workflow. The two-phase development is characterized by a dedicated rapid application development environment that beamline scientists can use rapidly and easily in real beamline environments, and web-based graphical user interfaces that BL-774 software developers have incorporated the achievements of the beamline scientists as part of the official release of the beamline control software. BL-774 has been introduced in two beamlines to date, and we plan to implement it in more beamlines while adding more features. We plan to integrate BL-774 seamlessly with other systems that are currently under development in the facility, such as two-dimensional detector systems and SPring-8 data centers. By introducing BL-774 in conjunction with other infrastructure in the facility, more advanced experimental operations, such as feedback operations based on online data analysis or remote operations from outside the beamlines, are to be expected. This paper presents the design and implementation of BL-774 and its introduction into a beamline at SPring-8.
MENTO: Automated near real-time data analysis at PETRA III
Authors: Vijay Kartik S , Sprung Michael , Westermeier Fabian , Barty Anton 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the advent of next-generation X-ray detectors with large sensor areas and high sampling rates, photon science experiments are now having to deal with a data explosion. We present a scalable, near real-time data processing toolkit developed to address this challenge at PETRA III, which is currently in use at the coherence applications beamline P10 and at the macromolecular crystallography beamline P11. This toolkit runs automated analysis pipelines on high-volume data concurrently with data acquisition, thus providing quick feedback during experiments at the beamlines. Named mento (Maxwell-Enhanced Near real-Time Online analysis), the toolkit leverages the computing resources of the in-house HPC cluster ‘Maxwell’ to enhance analysis performance, and additionally takes advantage of the available distributed data storage to provide analysis results directly back to the experimenter with minimal delay. mento works seamlessly with the experiment control mechanisms used at P10, P11, and other PETRA III beamlines, and ensures that analysis on the HPC cluster is triggered automatically during data acquisition at the beamline, and that results are available for visualization at the beamline control hutch even though the analysis itself is performed remotely. mento thus helps the human-in-the-loop concentrate on novel science aspects of the experiment, without needing to manage the computational workload in a high data-rate regime. mento has been used with both in-house and commercial analysis software to achieve speedups of 50x-100x relative to the existing analysis pipelines, thus proving its utility for different kinds of experiments at PETRA III. The source code for mento is available at https://gitlab.desy.de/fs-sc/mento.
Tractor beam acoustic levitation for time resolved crystallography experiments
Authors: Baker V , Guéniat F , Axford D , Aller P , Baker N , Leen G , Docker P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Proof of concept of serial crystallography is carried out through the translation of samples delivered by tractor beam levitation. This is achieved using arrays of low powered transducers, focused to produce acoustic traps. Contrary to traditional Langevin Horn levitators, power requirement remains in the region of 10W, limiting the acoustic pressure on the levitated samples and hence the risk of damage to them. Automation is achieved by controlling the phase of the transducers. The traps and associated samples steadily translate with the controlled acoustic field. A translation speed of 2.8mms
−1 between the nodal distance of the traps is achieved. This results in sequential delivery of sample containing droplets performed with 1.5s between each delivery. The results demonstrate the ability to capture automated measurements of diffraction from lysozyme micro-crystals. Our study points in the direction of an automated, acoustic levitation system for time-resolved crystallography.
Synchrotron radiation study on Thai reddish glass
Authors: Boonruang C. , Won-in K. , Thumanu K. , Tippawan U. , Thongluaem C. , Dararutana P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is well-known that red glass has been used as a decorative glass in Thailand for hundred years. Pieces of reddish decorative glasses (Ancient Burmese Glass: ABG, Ancient Thai Glass: ATG, and Modern Imported Glass: MIG) have been collected from different areas in Thailand. The elemental composition and morphology of these samples have been examined using scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE). The binding components have been analyzed using infrared spectroscopy based on synchrotron radiation (SR IR). PIXE results indicate a presence of trace elements which is beyond the limit of detection of EDS. It has been found that ABG and MIG are soda-silicate glass, while ATG is lead-based glass. The red coloration in ABG, ATG, and MIG is affected by the contents of Cu, Cd, and Se. It is also found that ABG and MIG have been produced using crucible vessel and glass-making furnace, respectively, while ATG has been produced using either crucible vessel or glass-making furnace. With the high brightness of the synchrotron source, SR IR can analyze the sample with a high spatial resolution of 20 × 20 µm2. SR IR results confirm the presence of inorganic and organic functional groups in glass samples which exhibit distinctive peaks for different types of glass.
Hard X-ray USAXS Fourier Transform Holography
Authors: Roseker W , Jo W , Rysov R , Westermeier F , Bocklage L , Riepp M , Philippi-Kobs A , Müller L , Walther M , Sprung M , Grübel G 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We report on a Fourier transform holography study, employing hard X-ray energies at a 3rd generation storage ring. Nano-structures of various sizes and shapes have been measured in ultra small angle x-ray scattering configuration reaching a resolution in the holographic reconstructions of about 50 nm. Reliable holograms have been obtained with 6.9×106 incident photons. Our results provide an important step forward towards routine split-pulse Fourier transform holography measurements at FEL sources and 4th generation ultralow-emittance sources.