bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RGA1 alleviates low‐light‐repressed pollen tube elongation by improving the metabolism and allocation of sugars and energy
Authors: Li Hubo , Feng Baohua , Li Juncai , Fu Weimeng , Wang Wenting , Chen Tingting , Liu Lianmeng , Wu Zhihai , Peng Shaobing , Tao Longxing , Fu Guanfu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLow‐light stress compromises photosynthetic and energy efficiency and leads to spikelet sterility; however, the effect of low‐light stress on pollen tube elongation in the pistil remains poorly understood. The gene RGA1, which encodes a Gα‐subunit of the heterotrimeric G‐protein, enhanced low‐light tolerance at anthesis by preventing the cessation of pollen tube elongation in the pistil of rice plants. In this process, marked increases in the activities of acid invertase (INV), sucrose synthase (SUS) and mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain complexes, as well as the relative expression levels of SUTs (sucrose transporter), SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters), SUSs, INVs, CINs (cell‐wall INV 1), SnRK1A (sucrose‐nonfermenting 1‐related kinase 1) and SnRK1B, were observed in OE‐1 plants. Accordingly, notable increases in contents of ATP and ATPase were presented in OE‐1 plants under low‐light conditions, while they were decreased in d1 plants. Importantly, INV and ATPase activators (sucrose and Na2SO3, respectively) increased spikelet fertility by improving the energy status in the pistil under low‐light conditions, and the ATPase inhibitor Na2VO4 induced spikelet sterility and decreased ATPase activity. These results suggest that RGA1 could alleviate the low‐light stress‐induced impairment of pollen tube elongation to increase spikelet fertility by promoting sucrose unloading in the pistil and improving the metabolism and allocation of energy.
Estimating random effects in a finite Markov chain with absorbing states: Application to cognitive data
Authors: Wang Pei , Abner Erin L. , Liu Changrui , Fardo David W. , Schmitt Frederick A. , Jicha Gregory A. , Van Eldik Linda J. , Kryscio Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFinite Markov chains with absorbing states are popular tools for analyzing longitudinal data with categorical responses. The one step transition probabilities can be defined in terms of fixed and random effects but it is difficult to estimate these effects due to many unknown parameters. In this article we propose a three‐step estimation method. In the first step the fixed effects are estimated by using a marginal likelihood function, in the second step the random effects are estimated after substituting the estimated fixed effects into a joint likelihood function defined as a h‐likelihood, and in the third step the covariance matrix for the vector of random effects is estimated using the Hessian matrix for this likelihood function. An application involving an analysis of longitudinal cognitive data is used to illustrate the method.
Experimental Investigation of Combustion Dynamics in a High-Pressure Liquid-Fueled Swirl Combustor
Authors: Chandh Aravind , Adhikari Subodh , Wu David , McKinney Randall , Emerson Benjamin , Zhang Qingguo , Joshi Dibesh , Sen Baris , Davis Dustin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present combustor acoustics in a high-pressure liquid-fueled rich burn—quick quench—lean burn (RQL) styled swirl combustor with two separate fuel circuits. The fuel circuits are the primary (which has a pressure atomizer nozzle) and secondary (which has an air blast type nozzle) circuits. The data were acquired during two dynamical regimes—combustion noise, where there is an absence of large amplitude oscillations during the unsteady combustion process, and intermittency, where there are intermittent bursts of high amplitude oscillations that appear in a near-random fashion amidst regions of aperiodic low amplitude fluctuations. This dynamic transition from combustion noise to combustion intermittency is investigated experimentally by systematically varying the fuel equivalence ratio and primary-secondary fuel splits. Typical measures such as the amplitude of oscillations cannot serve as a measure of change in the dynamics from combustion noise to intermittency due to the highly turbulent nature. Hence, recurrence plots and complex networks are used to understand the differences in the combustor acoustics and velocity data during the two different regimes. We observe that the combustor transitions from stable operation to intermittency when the equivalence ratio is increased for a given primary fuel flowrate and conversely when the percentage of secondary fuel flowrate is increased for a given equivalence ratio. The contribution of this work is to demonstrate methodologies to detect combustion instability boundaries when approaching them from the stable side in highly turbulent, noisy combustors.
Evading the Toll booth: How “silent” flagellins may bind yet fail to activate TLR5
Authors: Baer Hannah M. , Sandilya Shruti , Steiner Theodore S. 
Published: January 2023

The nature of flagellin–Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) interactions, depending on binding to and activation of TLR5, may hold a key to the distinct differences in gut microbiome and intestinal immune function in different populations around the world (see related Research Article by Clasen
et al
.).
Concordant changes in late Holocene hydroclimate across southern Patagonia modulated by westerly winds and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Loisel Julie , Sarna Kristen , Xia Zhengyu , Huang Yongsong , Yu Zicheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe southern westerly winds influence weather patterns and water resources across the southern high-latitude regions, with important socioeconomic impacts. The strengthening and poleward migration of these winds since the late 20th century also have implications for regional environmental change, including drought, wildfire, and sea-ice loss. However, it is challenging to recognize the natural variability of the westerlies and predict their future behavior, as those recent changes have been influenced by anthropogenic factors. We present a 4200-yr-long record from a southern Patagonian peatland in a location that is sensitive to changes in the position and/or strength of the westerlies. Our δ13C record shows a 6‰ increasing trend from 4200 to 1200 cal. yr B.P., indicating a progressive, millennial-scale increase in peatland moisture. This long-term trend is attributed to an increase in moisture induced by strengthening southern westerly winds associated with a change in the mean state of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. Superimposed on this millennial trend, centennial-scale shifts in hydroclimate persist into modern times. We suggest that a “paleo”–Southern Annular Mode, which is linked to tropical Pacific climate, with dry events contemporaneous with positive phases and La Niña–like conditions, is responsible for this enhanced hydroclimate variability. Overall, our results point to millennial- and centennial-scale changes in hydroclimate during the late Holocene that link tropical Pacific climate variability with the Southern Annular Mode and the southern westerlies, with far-reaching implications for future changes in the southern high latitudes, including CO2 ventilation from the Southern Ocean.
Phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study on the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of intravenous Coxsackievirus A21 (V937), with or without pembrolizumab, in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Rudin Charles M , Pandha Hardev S , Zibelman Matthew , Akerley Wallace L , Harrington Kevin J , Day Daphne , Hill Andrew G , O'Day Steven J , Clay Timothy D , Wright Gavin M , Jennens Ross R , Gerber David E , Rosenberg Jonathan E , Ralph Christy , Campbell David C , Curti Brendan D , Merchan Jaime R , Ren Yixin , Schmidt Emmett V , Guttman Lisa , Gupta Sumati 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundOncolytic virus V937 showed activity and safety with intratumoral administration. This phase 1 study evaluated intravenous V937±pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.MethodsPatients had advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), urothelial cancer, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, or melanoma in part A (V937 monotherapy), and metastatic NSCLC or urothelial cancer in part B (V937+pembrolizumab). Prior immunotherapy was permitted >28 days before study treatment. Patients received intravenous V937 on days 1, 3, and 5 (also on day 8 in part B) of the first 21-day cycle and on day 1 of subsequent cycles for eight cycles. Three ascending dose-escalation cohorts were studied. Dose-escalation proceeded if no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) occurred in cycle 1 of the previous cohort. In part B, patients also received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks from day 8 for 2 years; dose-expansion occurred at the highest-dose cohort. Serial biopsies were performed.ResultsNo DLTs occurred in parts A (n=18) or B (n=85). Grade 3–5 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were not observed in part A and were experienced by 10 (12%) patients in part B. The most frequent treatment-related AEs (any grade) in part B were fatigue (36%), pruritus (18%), myalgia (14%), diarrhea (13%), pyrexia (13%), influenza-like illness (12%), and nausea (12%). At the highest tested dose, median intratumoral V937 concentrations were 117,631 copies/mL on day 8, cycle 1 in part A (n=6) and below the detection limit for most patients (86% (19/22)) on day 15, cycle 1 in part B. Objective response rates were 6% (part A), 9% in the NSCLC dose-expansion cohort (n=43), and 20% in the urothelial cancer dose-expansion cohort (n=35).ConclusionsIntravenous V937+pembrolizumab had a manageable safety profile. Although V937 was detected in tumor tissue, in NSCLC and urothelial cancer, efficacy was not greater than that observed in previous studies with pembrolizumab monotherapy.Trial registration numberNCT02043665.
Reducing attractiveness of e-liquids: proposal for a restrictive list of tobacco-related flavourings
Authors: Pennings Jeroen L A , Havermans Anne , Krüsemann Erna J Z , Zijtveld Dion , Huiberts Eva H W , Bos Peter M J , Schenk Erna , Visser Wouter F , Bakker-'t Hart Ingrid M E , Staal Yvonne C M , Talhout Reinskje 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveElectronic cigarettes are addictive and harmful, and flavour is a key factor determining their abuse liability. Both adult smokers and young non-smokers like sweet and fruity flavours in particular. In order to discourage e-cigarette use among youth, the Dutch government announced in 2020 to only allow tobacco flavours in e-liquids. We propose a restrictive list of flavourings that will only enable the production of e-liquids with a tobacco flavour.MethodsWe used e-liquid ingredient data notified via the European Common Entry Gate system before the government’s announcement. First, we classified all e-liquids into flavour categories, and continued with the set of flavourings present in tobacco e-liquids. Five selection criteria related to prevalence of use, chemical composition, flavour description and health effects were defined to compile a restrictive list of tobacco flavourings.ResultsE-liquids marketed as having tobacco flavour contained 503 different flavourings, some with tobacco flavour, but also other (such as sweet) flavours. We excluded (1) 330 flavourings used in <0.5% of e-liquids, (2) 77 used less frequently in tobacco than in all e-liquids, (3) 13 plant extracts, (4) 60 that are sweet or not associated with a tobacco flavour and (5) 7 flavourings with hazardous properties. This resulted in a final list of 16 flavourings.ConclusionsImplementing this restrictive list will likely discourage e-cigarette use among youth, but could also make e-cigarettes less attractive as smoking cessation aid.
Carbon Management System Quality and Corporate Financial Performance
Authors: Shrestha Pramila , Choi Bobae , Luo Le 
Published: January 2023

Synopsis The research problem This study examines the relationship between carbon management system quality and firm performance and investigates the mechanisms through which a carbon management system relates to firm performance. Motivation or theoretical reasoning Despite growing attention from academia and practice on carbon accounting in recent years, little is known about firms’ strategic implementation of carbon management systems and their impact on firms’ financial outcomes. Drawing on the resource-based view and institutional theory, this study argues that carbon management system implementation can create competitive advantages for firms through product differentiation and cost leadership. However, adopting quality management systems for carbon mitigation can be costly for firms. Additionally, not all firms would achieve such a differentiation advantage through a carbon management system. The test hypotheses H1: There is no relationship between the quality of a carbon management system and firm financial performance. H2: Carbon-intensive sectors have no moderating effect on the relationship between the quality of a carbon management system and firm financial performance. Target population Corporate managers and stakeholders including investors, international regulators, and standard settees. Adopted methodology Ordinary least square regressions. Analyses Corporate financial performance is measured by return on assets, calculated as earnings before extraordinary items divided by total assets at fiscal year-end. Our independent variable of interest is the quality measure of a carbon management system (QCMS). Following Tang and Luo ( 2014 ) and Luo and Tang ( 2016 ), QCMS is calculated as the average equal weighted sum of the standardized values from the 10 elements of a carbon management system. For additional tests, alternative performance measures (e.g., Tobin’s Q, return on equity, operating return on assets [ROA], and cash flow from operating activities to total assets) and disaggregated ROA components are employed as dependent variables. Findings We find that a firm’s carbon management system quality is positively associated with its financial performance. A better-quality carbon management system is especially associated with higher revenues, margins, and R&D expenditures. In addition, individual carbon management system components exhibit heterogeneous influences on financial performance. Specifically, the areas related to carbon disclosure and external carbon assurance have an incremental impact on financial performance. The positive association between a carbon management system and financial performance is stronger for firms operating in carbon-intensive sectors and firms with a higher level of carbon emissions. The carbon regulation affects the sensitivity of financial performance differently in intensive and non-intensive sectors in response to carbon management system quality.
Dietary β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation Affects Growth Performance, Digestion, TOR Pathway, and Muscle Quality in Kuruma Shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicas) Fed a Low Protein Diet
Authors: Mu Hua , Yang Chenbin , Zhang Yu , Chen Shengdi , Wang Panpan , Yan Binlun , Zhang Qingqi , Wei Chaoqing , Gao Huan 
Published: January 2023

An 8-week feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on growth performance and muscle quality of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicas) (initial weight:

2.00
±
0.01

g

) fed a low protein diet. The positive control diet (HP) with 490 g/kg protein and negative control diet (LP) with 440 g/kg protein were formulated. Based on the LP, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 g/kg β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate calcium were supplemented to design the other five diets named as HMB0.25, HMB0.5, HMB1, HMB2 and HMB4, respectively. Results showed that compared with the shrimp fed LP, the HP, HMB1 and HMB2 groups had significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate, while significantly lower feed conversion ratio (

p
<
0.05

). Meanwhile, intestinal trypsin activity was significantly elevated in the above three groups than that of the LP group. Higher dietary protein level and HMB inclusion upregulated the expressions of target of rapamycin, ribosomal protein S6 kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and serine/threonine-protein kinase in shrimp muscle, accompanied by the increases in most muscle free amino acids contents. Supplementation of 2 g/kg HMB in a low protein diet improved muscle hardness and water holding capacity of shrimp. Total collagen content in shrimp muscle increased with increasing dietary HMB inclusion. Additionally, dietary inclusion of 2 g/kg HMB significantly elevated myofiber density and sarcomere length, while reduced myofiber diameter. In conclusion, supplementation of 1-2 g/kg HMB in a low protein diet improved the growth performance and muscle quality of kuruma shrimp, which may be ascribed to the increased trypsin activity and activated TOR pathway, as well as elevated muscle collagen content and changed myofiber morphology caused by dietary HMB.
Contribution of RdDM to the ecotype-specific differential methylation on conserved as well as highly variable regions between Arabidopsis ecotypes
Authors: Lee Jaehoon , Shin Sang-Yoon , Lee Sang-Kyu , Park Kyunghyuk , Gill Haechan , Hyun Youbong , Jeong Choongwon , Jeon Jong-Seong , Shin Chanseok , Choi Yeonhee 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies showed genome-wide DNA methylation duringArabidopsisembryogenesis and germination. Although it has been known that the change of DNA methylation mainly occurs at CHH context mediated by small RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway during seed ripening and germination, the causality of the methylation difference exhibited in naturalArabidopsisecotypes has not been thoroughly studied.ResultsIn this study we compared DNA methylation difference using comparative pairwise multi-omics dynamics in Columbia-0 (Col) and Cape Verde Island (Cvi) ecotypes.Arabidopsisgenome was divided into two regions, common regions in both ecotypes and Col-specific regions, depending on the reads mapping of whole genome bisulfite sequencing libraries from both ecotypes. Ecotype comparison was conducted within common regions and the levels of DNA methylation on common regions and Col-specific regions were also compared. we confirmed transcriptome were relatively dynamic in stage-wise whereas the DNA methylome and small RNAome were more ecotype-dependent. While the global CG methylation remains steady during maturation and germination, we found genic CG methylation differs the most between the two accessions. We also found that ecotype-specific differentially methylated regions (eDMR) are positively correlated with ecotype-specifically expressed 24-nt small RNA clusters. In addition, we discovered that Col-specific regions enriched with transposable elements (TEs) and structural variants that tend to become hypermethylated, and TEs in Col-specific regions were longer in size, more pericentromeric, and more hypermethylated than those in the common regions. Through the analysis of RdDM machinery mutants, we confirmed methylation on Col-specific region as well as on eDMRs in common region are contributed by RdDM pathway. Lastly, we demonstrated that highly variable sequences between ecotypes (HOT regions) were also affected by RdDM-mediated regulation.ConclusionsThrough ecotype comparison, we revealed differences and similarities of their transcriptome, methylome and small RNAome both in global and local regions. We validated the contribution of RdDM causing differential methylation of common regions. Hypermethylated ecotype-specific regions contributed by RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway largely depend on the presence of TEs and copy-gain structural variations. These ecotype-specific regions are frequently associated with HOT regions, providing evolutionary insights into the epigenome dynamics within a species.
Review: structure and modifications of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs)
Authors: Leszczuk Agata , Kalaitzis Panagiotis , Kulik Joanna , Zdunek Artur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe aim of this report is to provide general information on the molecular structure and synthesis of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in association to their physiological significance. Assessment of genetic modifications of the activity of enzymes involved in the AGP biosynthesis is an efficient tool to study AGP functions. Thus, P4H (prolyl 4 hydroxylase) mutants, GLCAT (β-glucuronosyltransferase) mutants, and GH43 (glycoside hydrolase family 43) mutants have been described. We focused on the overview of AGPs modifications observed at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels. Inhibition of the hydroxylation process results in an increase in the intensity of cell divisions and thus, has an impact on root system length and leaf area. In turn, overexpression of P4H genes stimulates the density of root hairs. A mutation in GLCAT genes responsible for the transfer of glucuronic acid to the AGP molecule revealed that the reduction of GlcA in AGP disrupts the substantial assembly of the primary cell wall. Furthermore, silencing of genes encoding GH43, which has the ability to hydrolyze the AGP glycan by removing incorrectly synthesized β-1,3-galactans, induces changes in the abundance of other cell wall constituents, which finally leads to root growth defects. This information provides insight into AGPs as a crucial players in the structural interactions present in the plant extracellular matrix.
COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shafiee Arman , Kohandel Gargari Omid , Teymouri Athar Mohammad Mobin , Fathi Haniyeh , Ghaemi Marjan , Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
SARS-CoV-2 exposure during pregnancy is related to adverse effects for both the mother and the infant. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has lowered the risk of symptomatic disease substantially. Recently published studies have evaluated the outcomes of women who received the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy; systematic evidence regarding vaccination safety is crucial to ensure that COVID-19 vaccination is not associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.

Methods
Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from each database's inception through April 7, 2022. All interventional and observational studies comparing neonatal or pregnancy outcomes between pregnant women who received COVID-19 vaccines during their pregnancy and unvaccinated pregnant women were included. The random-effects model was used in the meta-analyses.

Results
A total of 11 studies comprising 756,098 pregnant mothers were included. The rate of neonates with 5-min Apgar score ≤ 7 (log RR -0.08 (95% CI: -0.15 to -0.00), (P = 0.03)) and pregnant mothers with preterm birth (log RR -0.11 (95% CI: -0.21 to -0.01), (P = 0.02)) was significantly lower among vaccinated group. No significant difference was observed in adverse neonatal outcomes (log RR -0.07 (95% CI: -0.17 to 0.03)), small for gestational age (log RR -0.06 (95% CI: -0.14 to 0.02)), caesarean delivery (log RR 0.05 (95% CI: -0.05 to 0.15)), postpartum hemorrhage (log RR -0.05 (95% CI: -0.13 to 0.02)), stillbirth (log RR -0.05 (95% CI: -0.54 to 0.45)).

Conclusions and relevance
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, no evident differences were observed when comparing vaccinated pregnant mothers with those who had not received COVID-19 vaccines. Based on low certainty of evidence, vaccination during pregnancy was accompanied by a favorable Apgar score in neonates and fewer preterm births.