bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiome variation correlates with the insecticide susceptibility in different geographic strains of a significant agricultural pest, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Zhang Yunhua , Cai Tingwei , Yuan Maojun , Li Zhao , Jin Ruoheng , Ren Zhijie , Qin Yao , Yu Chang , Cai Yongfeng , Shu Runhang , He Shun , Li Jianhong , Wong Adam C. N. , Wan Hu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicrobiome-mediated insecticide resistance is an emerging phenomenon found in insect pests. However, microbiome composition can vary by host genotype and environmental factors, but how these variations may be associated with insecticide resistance phenotype remains unclear. In this study, we compared different field and laboratory strains of the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugensin their microbiome composition, transcriptome, and insecticide resistance profiles to identify possible patterns of correlation. Our analysis reveals that the abundances of core bacterial symbionts are significantly correlated with the expression of several host detoxifying genes (especiallyNlCYP6ER1, a key gene previously shown involved in insecticides resistance). The expression levels of these detoxifying genes correlated withN. lugensinsecticide susceptibility. Furthermore, we have identified several environmental abiotic factors, including temperature, precipitation, latitude, and longitude, as potential predictors of symbiont abundances associated with expression of key detoxifying genes, and correlated with insecticide susceptibility levels ofN. lugens. These findings provide new insights into how microbiome-environment-host interactions may influence insecticide susceptibility, which will be helpful in guiding targeted microbial-based strategies for insecticide resistance management in the field.
The effect of metals on zeolite crystallization kinetics with relevance to nuclear waste glass corrosion
Authors: Mallette Adam J. , Reiser Joelle T. , Mpourmpakis Giannis , Motkuri Radha Kishan , Neeway James J. , Rimer Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGeologic disposal of vitrified radioactive material is planned in several countries, but there are remaining uncertainties related to the long-term stability of glass exposed to groundwater. Specifically, the crystallization of aluminosilicate zeolite minerals can accelerate the rate at which glass corrodes and radioactive material is released into the biosphere. In this study, we identify elemental species that may accelerate or suppress zeolite formation using a protocol to examine their effects on zeolite synthesis over a three-day duration. Our results are consistent with previous works demonstrating glass corrosion acceleration in the presence of calcium. Furthermore, we identify two elements—tin and lithium—as inhibitors of zeolite P2 (gismondine, or GIS type) nucleation and, thus, promising components for promoting the long-term durability of glass waste forms.
Differential carbon utilization enables co-existence of recently speciated Campylobacteraceae in the cow rumen epithelial microbiome
Authors: Strachan Cameron R. , Yu Xiaoqian A. , Neubauer Viktoria , Mueller Anna J. , Wagner Martin , Zebeli Qendrim , Selberherr Evelyne , Polz Martin F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe activities of different microbes in the cow rumen have been shown to modulate the host’s ability to utilize plant biomass, while the host–rumen interface has received little attention. As datasets collected worldwide have pointed to Campylobacteraceae as particularly abundant members of the rumen epithelial microbiome, we targeted this group in a subset of seven cows with meta- and isolate genome analysis. We show that the dominant Campylobacteraceae lineage has recently speciated into two populations that were structured by genome-wide selective sweeps followed by population-specific gene import and recombination. These processes led to differences in gene expression and enzyme domain composition that correspond to the ability to utilize acetate, the main carbon source for the host, at the cost of inhibition by propionate. This trade-off in competitive ability further manifests itself in differential dynamics of the two populations in vivo. By exploring population-level adaptations that otherwise remain cryptic in culture-independent analyses, our results highlight how recent evolutionary dynamics can shape key functional roles in the rumen microbiome.
A TREM2-activating antibody with a blood–brain barrier transport vehicle enhances microglial metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease models
Authors: van Lengerich Bettina , Zhan Lihong , Xia Dan , Chan Darren , Joy David , Park Joshua I. , Tatarakis David , Calvert Meredith , Hummel Selina , Lianoglou Steve , Pizzo Michelle E. , Prorok Rachel , Thomsen Elliot , Bartos Laura M. , Beumers Philipp , Capell Anja , Davis Sonnet S. , de Weerd Lis , Dugas Jason C. , Duque Joseph , Earr Timothy , Gadkar Kapil , Giese Tina , Gill Audrey , Gnörich Johannes , Ha Connie , Kannuswamy Malavika , Kim Do Jin , Kunte Sebastian T. , Kunze Lea H. , Lac Diana , Lechtenberg Kendra , Leung Amy Wing-Sze , Liang Chun-Chi , Lopez Isabel , McQuade Paul , Modi Anuja , Torres Vanessa O. , Nguyen Hoang N. , Pesämaa Ida , Propson Nicholas , Reich Marvin , Robles-Colmenares Yaneth , Schlepckow Kai , Slemann Luna , Solanoy Hilda , Suh Jung H. , Thorne Robert G. , Vieira Chandler , Wind-Mark Karin , Xiong Ken , Zuchero Y. Joy Yu , Diaz Dolo , Dennis Mark S. , Huang Fen , Scearce-Levie Kimberly , Watts Ryan J. , Haass Christian , Lewcock Joseph W. , Di Paolo Gilbert , Brendel Matthias , Sanchez Pascal E. , Monroe Kathryn M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLoss-of-function variants of TREM2 are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting that activation of this innate immune receptor may be a useful therapeutic strategy. Here we describe a high-affinity human TREM2-activating antibody engineered with a monovalent transferrin receptor (TfR) binding site, termed antibody transport vehicle (ATV), to facilitate blood–brain barrier transcytosis. Upon peripheral delivery in mice, ATV:TREM2 showed improved brain biodistribution and enhanced signaling compared to a standard anti-TREM2 antibody. In human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia, ATV:TREM2 induced proliferation and improved mitochondrial metabolism. Single-cell RNA sequencing and morphometry revealed that ATV:TREM2 shifted microglia to metabolically responsive states, which were distinct from those induced by amyloid pathology. In an AD mouse model, ATV:TREM2 boosted brain microglial activity and glucose metabolism. Thus, ATV:TREM2 represents a promising approach to improve microglial function and treat brain hypometabolism found in patients with AD.
Surveying people with spinal cord injuries in Brazil to ascertain research priorities
Authors: Faleiros Fabiana , de Oliveira Braga Deyse Cardoso , Schoeller Soraia Dornelles , Henriques Sílvia Helena , Cunha Naira Beatriz Favoretto , Videira Lorena Gomes Neves , da Silva Grillo Adriana Cordeiro Leandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScientists are concerned that the research they conduct accurately portrays the needs of people living with spinal cord injuries (SCI). As such, this study set out to investigate the main problems faced by people with SCI and their expectations for research. This quantitative, exploratory, analytical, and cross-sectional study was carried out online, with a non-probabilistic sample of 618 Brazilian adults with SCI who had registered voluntarily to participate in the research of the Neurorehab group. The virtual questionnaire consisted of 22 questions based on ISCOS Data Sets. The majority (68.9%) of participants were male, with higher education or a post-graduate qualification (49.5%). Most injuries had experienced traumatic injuries (78.5%) and 58.7% were paraplegic. The mean age was 38.04 years (SD = 9.85). The main difficulties faced after SCI were locomotion/accessibility (70.9%), neurogenic bladder (68.8%), neurogenic bowel (48.2%), and sexuality (36.1%). The highest demand was for experimental studies on stem cells (22.5%), rehabilitation (14.2%), and cures (13.9%). Most (84.3%) of those who reported sexuality problems after SCI were men (p = 0.013). The findings obtained empower people with SCI by enabling them to influence the agenda of scientific research based on their expectations and difficulties. This survey will also aid organizations to engage stakeholders to implement a comprehensive SCI management program.
OxPhos defects cause hypermetabolism and reduce lifespan in cells and in patients with mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Sturm Gabriel , Karan Kalpita R. , Monzel Anna S. , Santhanam Balaji , Taivassalo Tanja , Bris Céline , Ware Sarah A. , Cross Marissa , Towheed Atif , Higgins-Chen Albert , McManus Meagan J. , Cardenas Andres , Lin Jue , Epel Elissa S. , Rahman Shamima , Vissing John , Grassi Bruno , Levine Morgan , Horvath Steve , Haller Ronald G. , Lenaers Guy , Wallace Douglas C. , St-Onge Marie-Pierre , Tavazoie Saeed , Procaccio Vincent , Kaufman Brett A. , Seifert Erin L. , Hirano Michio , Picard Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPatients with primary mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) defects present with fatigue and multi-system disorders, are often lean, and die prematurely, but the mechanistic basis for this clinical picture remains unclear. By integrating data from 17 cohorts of patients with mitochondrial diseases (n = 690) we find evidence that these disorders increase resting energy expenditure, a state termed hypermetabolism. We examine this phenomenon longitudinally in patient-derived fibroblasts from multiple donors. Genetically or pharmacologically disrupting OxPhos approximately doubles cellular energy expenditure. This cell-autonomous state of hypermetabolism occurs despite near-normal OxPhos coupling efficiency, excluding uncoupling as a general mechanism. Instead, hypermetabolism is associated with mitochondrial DNA instability, activation of the integrated stress response (ISR), and increased extracellular secretion of age-related cytokines and metabokines including GDF15. In parallel, OxPhos defects accelerate telomere erosion and epigenetic aging per cell division, consistent with evidence that excess energy expenditure accelerates biological aging. To explore potential mechanisms for these effects, we generate a longitudinal RNASeq and DNA methylation resource dataset, which reveals conserved, energetically demanding, genome-wide recalibrations. Taken together, these findings highlight the need to understand how OxPhos defects influence the energetic cost of living, and the link between hypermetabolism and aging in cells and patients with mitochondrial diseases.
Mapping the determinants of catalysis and substrate specificity of the antibiotic resistance enzyme CTX-M β-lactamase
Authors: Judge Allison , Hu Liya , Sankaran Banumathi , Van Riper Justin , Venkataram Prasad B. V. , Palzkill Timothy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCTX-M β-lactamases are prevalent antibiotic resistance enzymes and are notable for their ability to rapidly hydrolyze the extended-spectrum cephalosporin, cefotaxime. We hypothesized that the active site sequence requirements of CTX-M-mediated hydrolysis differ between classes of β-lactam antibiotics. Accordingly, we use codon randomization, antibiotic selection, and deep sequencing to determine the CTX-M active-site residues required for hydrolysis of cefotaxime and the penicillin, ampicillin. The study reveals positions required for hydrolysis of all β-lactams, as well as residues controlling substrate specificity. Further, CTX-M enzymes poorly hydrolyze the extended-spectrum cephalosporin, ceftazidime. We further show that the sequence requirements for ceftazidime hydrolysis follow those of cefotaxime, with the exception that key active-site omega loop residues are not required, and may be detrimental, for ceftazidime hydrolysis. These results provide insights into cephalosporin hydrolysis and demonstrate that changes to the active-site omega loop are likely required for the evolution of CTX-M-mediated ceftazidime resistance.
Bicyclobutanes as unusual building blocks for complexity generation in organic synthesis
Authors: Golfmann Maxim , Walker Johannes C. L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBicyclobutanes are among the most highly strained isolable organic compounds and their associated low activation barriers to reactivity make them intriguing building-blocks in organic chemistry. In recent years, numerous creative synthetic strategies exploiting their heightened reactivity have been presented and these discoveries have often gone hand-in-hand with the development of more practical routes for their synthesis. Their proclivity as strain-release reagents through their weak central C–C bond has been harnessed in a variety of addition, rearrangement and insertion reactions, providing rapid access to a rich tapestry of complex molecular scaffolds. This review will provide an overview of the different options available for bicyclobutane synthesis, the main classes of compounds that can be prepared from bicyclobutanes, and the associated modes of reactivity used.
GOMT: Multispectral video tracking based on genetic optimization and multi‐features integration
Authors: Qian Kun , Chen Peng , Zhao Dong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTraditional visual tracking algorithms on RGB cannot effectively distinguish an object from background with similar colour feature, resulting in the migration problem in the tracking process. In order to solve this problem, a tracking algorithm with spectral information is proposed by using band selection, information fusion, and deep features. Firstly, the correlation analysis of 16 spectral band information is carried out, and genetic optimization method is introduced to obtain two bands with low correlation coefficient and abundant information. Moreover, under the framework of kernel correlation filtering tracking, guided filtering is adopted to fuse the information referring to the target region of the two bands. Besides, the feature maps are generated by histogram of gradient and pretrained visual geometry group network. Finally, target is detected via finding the maximum value of a strong response. The proposed genetic optimization based multifeature tracker is compared with multiple tracking methods including correlation filtering and deep learning. Experimental results with multiple groups of spectral videos and corresponding RGB videos demonstrate that the genetic optimization based multifeature tracker method achieves good results in subjective vision and objective evaluation.
Multiple emission components in the Cygnus cocoon detected fromFermi-LAT observations
Authors: Astiasarain X. , Tibaldo L. , Martin P. , Knödlseder J. , Remy Q. 
Published: January 2023

Context. Star-forming regions may play an important role in the life cycle of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs), notably as home to specific acceleration mechanisms and transport conditions. Gamma-ray observations of Cygnus X have revealed the presence of an excess of hard-spectrum gamma-ray emission, possibly related to a cocoon of freshly accelerated particles.Aims. We seek an improved description of the gamma-ray emission from the cocoon using ~13 yr of observations with theFermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) and use it to further constrain the processes and objects responsible for the young CR population.Methods. We developed an emission model for a large region of interest, including a description of interstellar emission from the background population of CRs and recent models for other gamma-ray sources in the field. Thus, we performed an improved spectro-morphological characterisation of the residual emission including the cocoon.Results. The best-fit model for the cocoon includes two main emission components: an extended component FCES G78.74+1.56, described by a 2D Gaussian of extensionr68= 4.4° ± 0.1°−0.1°+0.1°and a smooth broken power law spectrum with spectral indices 1.67 ± 0.05−0.01+0.02and 2.12 ± 0.02−0.01+0.00below and above 3.0 ± 0.6−0.2+0.0GeV, respectively; and a central component FCES G80.00+0.50, traced by the distribution of ionised gas within the borders of the photo-dissociation regions and with a power law spectrum of index 2.19 ± 0.03−0.01+0.00that is significantly different from the spectrum of FCES G78.74+1.56. An additional extended emission component FCES G78.83+3.57, located on the edge of the central cavities in Cygnus X and with a spectrum compatible with that of FCES G80.00+0.50, is likely related to the cocoon. For the two brightest components FCES G80.00+0.50 and FCES G78.74+1.56, spectra and radial-azimuthal profiles of the emission can be accounted for in a diffusion-loss framework involving one single population of non-thermal particles with a flat injection spectrum. Particles span the full extent of FCES G78.74+1.56 as a result of diffusion from a central source, and give rise to source FCES G80.00+0.50 by interacting with ionised gas in the innermost region.Conclusions. For this simple diffusion-loss model, viable setups can be very different in terms of energetics, transport conditions, and timescales involved, and both hadronic and leptonic scenarios are possible. The solutions range from long-lasting particle acceleration, possibly in prominent star clusters such as Cyg OB2 and NGC 6910, to a more recent and short-lived release of particles within the last 10–100 kyr, likely from a supernova remnant. The observables extracted from our analysis can be used to perform detailed comparisons with advanced models of particle acceleration and transport in star-forming regions.
Assessment of the Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer, Retina, and Choroid in Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Keles Ali , Citirik Mehmet , Muratoglu Sahin Nursel , Karaman Suleyman Korhan , Cetinkaya Semra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder in which there are problems in tissues containing type I collagen, predominantly the cornea and sclera in the eye. Although there are many studies on problems with the anterior segment of the eye in patients with OI, studies on posterior structures are limited. Involvement of the sclera may affect the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), which is indirectly related to intraocular pressure. In addition, the retina and choroid containing type I collagen may be affected. The aim of the study was to compare the posterior segment structures of the eye, including the RNFL, retina, and choroid, in patients with OI to those of healthy control subjects.
Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 19 patients with OI, as well as 22 age- and gender-similar healthy control subjects. Measurements of the RNFL, retina, and choroid were obtained with optical coherence tomography (Spectralis SD-OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany).
Results Patients with OI (mean age 14.32 ± 5.08 years) and the control group (mean age 13.73 ± 3.56 years) had similar age, refractive error, and intraocular pressure values (p > 0.05). There was no difference between groups in terms of RNFL thickness, including the superonasal, nasal, inferonasal, inferotemporal, temporal, and superotemporal sectors, retinal thickness, and choroidal thickness from five different locations (p > 0.05, for all).
Conclusion According to these results, OI does not clinically affect the RNFL, retina, and choroid in childhood.
Retinal Findings in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients, Is Routine Ophthalmological Examination Required after Discharge? Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Akalin Irfan , Kalkisim Ahmet , Gunay Betul Onal , Esenulku Cenap Mahmut 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives To investigate retinal findings by comparing patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with the control group.
Methods In this prospective study, 188 eyes of 94 recovered COVID-19 patients and 108 eyes of 54 healthy participants as a control group were evaluated. Patients were divided into
three groups, those with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. Refractometry, tonometry, optical biometry, optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements, and complete ophthalmological
examinations were performed on healthy volunteers and COVID-19 patients on average 2 weeks after discharge. Pulse O2 and vital parameters were also assessed. Primary outcomes were
evaluated, such as retinal findings, and secondary outcomes as retinal thickness, choroidal thickness (CT), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell layer thickness.
Results There was no difference between the groups in terms of demographic data, ocular biometry, and intraocular pressure (p > 0.05). Pulse O2 was lower in the study
group (p < 0.001). Retinal findings were detected in 68 (36.1%) of 188 eyes in the study group and 28 (25.9%) of 108 eyes in the control group (p = 0.07). The two most common retinal
findings were hypertensive retinopathy and retinal pigment epithelium alterations and/or drusen in both groups. In OCT measurements, significant thinning was observed in nasal macular
thickness and superior 2 mm CT in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In patients divided into subgroups according to disease severity, no significant difference was
found between the groups in any OCT parameter (p > 0.05).
Conclusion It has been observed that COVID-19 infection does not cause a specific and sensitive finding in the ocular tissues, especially the retina, and does not produce a
reproducible measurement result. Recommending routine eye exam after COVID-19 does not seem cost-effective.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis Enabled by Electrochemistry
Authors: Faisca Phillips Ana Maria , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCatalytic enantioselective electrochemical synthesis has emerged in recent years as an efficient, clean, sustainable way to obtain chiral, non-racemic molecules. The difficulties in finding reaction conditions that are compatible with the delicate functional groups of many chiral ligands and organocatalysts has hampered the developments in this field. However, the fact that very minute differences in potential can be selected, allows for fine-tuning, so that very high chemoselectivities can be achieved, which is attracting much attention. Although still few in number compared to other areas of knowledge, the existing methods allow a variety of bond-forming reactions to be performed, and very high yields and ees can be achieved. The present review surveys the literature published in the last four years.1 Introduction2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions2.1 Alkylation by C–H Bond Functionalization: C(sp3)–C(sp3) Bond Formation2.2 C(sp3)–C(sp2) Bond Formation2.2.1 Alkene Functionalization by Cross-Coupling Reactions2.2.2 Arylation by Cross-Coupling Reactions2.3 Alkynylation: C(sp3)–C(sp) Bond Formation2.4 Cross-Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryls2.5 Cyanofunctionalization2.6 Miscellaneous3 Organocatalysis4 Conclusions
NIS-Mediated Oxidation of Hydrazones: A Rapid Access to Fused Lactones and Tosylhydrazides
Authors: Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Takallou Ahmad , Al-Shidhani Sulaiman , Al-Siyabi Munir , Mobaraki Akbar , Anwar Muhammad U. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA tandem one-pot strategy for the synthesis of 4-iodo-3-aryl(alkyl)-1H-pyrano[4,3-b]quinolin-1-ones and (E)-3-(iodo(phenyl)methylene)isobenzofuran-1-(3H)-ones from 2-alkynylhydrazones has been developed through oxidation and regioselective 6-endo- and 5-exo-iodocyclization pathways by using NIS as an iodinating reagent. This approach tolerates a variety of in situ generated alkynyl-containing tosylhydrazones and affords the corresponding products in high yields. The protocol has also been applied for the synthesis of different derivatives in good to excellent yields.