bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Evolution and Music
Authors: Youngblood Mason , Ozaki Yuto , Savage Patrick E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The universality and diversity of music in human societies make it an important research model for understanding how cultural features change over time and space. In this chapter, we review research on the cultural evolution of music, broken down into three major approaches: (i) corpus-based approaches that use large datasets to infer evolutionary patterns, (ii) experimental approaches that explore cultural transmission and transformation, and (iii) research on ‘music-like’ behaviors in non-human species, such as bird and whale song, that highlights shared mechanisms and future directions. Finally, we discuss applications of this research to issues like musical endangerment, copyright enforcement, and algorithmic inequality. Given the diversity of musical datasets that have yet to be fully leveraged, we think that music has the potential to become a powerful research model for cultural evolution.
Patients With and Without COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit: Physical Status Outcome Comparisons 3 Months After Discharge
Authors: Cijs Bastiaan , Valkenet Karin , Heijnen Germijn , Visser-Meily J M Anne , van der Schaaf Marike 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Physical impairments are common after ICU stays and are associated with clinical and patient characteristics. To date, it is unknown if physical functioning and health status are comparable between patients in the ICU with COVID-19 and patients in the ICU without COVID-19 3 months after ICU discharge. The primary objective of this study was to compare handgrip strength, physical functioning, and health status between patients in the ICU with COVID-19 and patients in the ICU without COVID-19 3 months after ICU discharge. The second objective was to identify factors associated with physical functioning and health status in patients in the ICU with COVID-19.

Methods
In this observational, retrospective chart review study, handgrip strength (handheld dynamometer), physical functioning (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function), and health status (EuroQol 5 Dimension 5 Level) were compared between patients in the ICU with COVID-19 and patients in the ICU without COVID-19 using linear regression. Multilinear regression analyses were used to investigate whether age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities in medical history (Charlson Comorbidity Index), and premorbid function illness (Identification of Seniors At Risk-Hospitalized Patients) were associated with these parameters in patients in the ICU with COVID-19.

Results
In total, 183 patients (N = 92 with COVID-19) were included. No significant between-group differences were found in handgrip strength, physical functioning, and health status 3 months after ICU discharge. The multilinear regression analyses showed a significant association between sex and physical functioning in the COVID-19 group, with better physical functioning in men compared with women.

Conclusion
Current findings suggest that handgrip strength, physical functioning, and health status are comparable for patients who were in the ICU with COVID-19 and patients who were in the ICU without COVID-19 3 months after ICU discharge.

Impact
Aftercare in primary or secondary care in the physical domain of postintensive care syndrome after ICU discharge in patients with COVID-19 and in patients without COVID-19 who had an ICU length of stay &gt;48 hours is recommended.

Lay Summary
Patients who were in the ICU with and without COVID-19 had a lower physical status and health status than healthy people, thus requiring personalized physical rehabilitation. Outpatient aftercare is recommended for patients with an ICU length of stay &gt;48 hours, and functional assessment is recommended 3 months after hospital discharge.
Thermo-induced physically crosslinked polypeptide-based block copolymer hydrogels for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhao Dan , Rong Yan , Li Dong , He Chaoliang , Chen Xuesi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Stimuli-responsive synthetic polypeptide-containing block copolymers have received considerable attention in recent years. Especially, unique thermo-induced sol–gel phase transitions were observed for elaborately-designed amphiphilic diblock copolypeptides and a range of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-polypeptide block copolymers. The thermo-induced gelation mechanisms involve the evolution of secondary conformation, enhanced intramolecular interactions, as well as reduced hydration and increased chain entanglement of PEG blocks. The physical parameters, including polymer concentrations, sol–gel transition temperatures and storage moduli, were investigated. The polypeptide hydrogels exhibited good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, and displayed biodegradation periods ranging from 1 to 5 weeks. The unique thermo-induced sol–gel phase transitions offer the feasibility of minimal-invasive injection of the precursor aqueous solutions into body, followed by in situ hydrogel formation driven by physiological temperature. These advantages make polypeptide hydrogels interesting candidates for diverse biomedical applications, especially as injectable scaffolds for 3D cell culture and tissue regeneration as well as depots for local drug delivery. This review focuses on recent advances in the design and preparation of injectable, thermo-induced physically crosslinked polypeptide hydrogels. The influence of composition, secondary structure and chirality of polypeptide segments on the physical properties and biodegradation of the hydrogels are emphasized. Moreover, the studies on biomedical applications of the hydrogels are intensively discussed. Finally, the major challenges in the further development of polypeptide hydrogels for practical applications are proposed.
Sirolimus for the treatment of patients with refractory connective tissue disease-related thrombocytopenia: a pilot study
Authors: Du Hongjia , Su Wei , Su Jiang , Hu Jiarui , Wu Dongze , Long Wubin , Zhu Jing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
CTD-related immune thrombocytopenia (CTD-ITP) represents an unmet medical need because the drugs that are available are only partly effective and have considerable side-effects. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of sirolimus in refractory CTD-ITP patients.

Methods
We did a single-arm, open-label, pilot study of sirolimus in patients with CTD-ITP unresponsive to, or intolerant of, conventional medications. Patients received oral sirolimus for 6 months at a starting dose of 0.5–1 mg per day, with dose adjusted according to tolerance and to maintain a therapeutic range of 6–15 ng/ml. The primary efficacy end point was changes in platelet count, and overall response assessed according to the ITP International Working Group Criteria. Safety outcomes included tolerance as assessed by the occurrence of common side-effects.

Results
Between November 2020 and February 2022, 12 consecutively hospitalized patients with refractory CTD-ITP were enrolled and prospectively followed. Of these, six patients (50%) achieved complete response, two (16.7%) achieved partial response, and four (33.3%) were no response under therapy. Three of four patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and two of three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus achieved overall response. One of two patients with overlapping Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus achieved complete response at 6 months. No severe drug-related toxicities were observed.

Conclusion
Our results do support sirolimus as an alternative regimen for refractory CTD-ITP patients, including systemic lupus erythematosus and primary SS.
Semi-quantitative thigh magnetic resonance imaging scores in assessing disease activity and determining long-term clinical outcome in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a causal mediation analysis
Authors: Gorijavolu Mamatha , Bairwa Devender , Ganapathy Sachit , Dunga Saikumar , Gopal Aishwarya , Ananthakrishnan Ramesh , Thabah Molly Mary , Negi Vir Singh , Kavadichanda Chengappa G 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the relationship of thigh MRI (t-MRI) with manual muscle testing-8 (MMT-8), muscle enzymes and autoantibodies. To determine the causal and mediating factors resulting in poor recovery of MMT-8 in inflammatory myositis (IIM).

Methods
This was a single-centre retrospective study in IIM patients. t-MRI was semi-quantitatively scored for muscle oedema, fascial oedema, muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration. Spearman correlation of t-MRI scores was done with muscle enzymes at baseline, and MMT-8 at baseline and on follow-up. Causal mediation analysis was performed with age, sex, symptom duration, autoantibodies, diabetes and BMI as independent variables, follow-up MMT-8 as dependent and t-MRI scores as mediating variables.

Results
Baseline evaluation was done on 59 and follow-up on 38 patients. Median follow-up of the cohort was 31 (10–57) months. Baseline MMT-8 negatively correlated with muscle oedema (r = –0755), fascial oedema (r = –0.443) and muscle atrophy (r = –0.343). Creatinine kinase (r = 0.422) and aspartate transaminase (r = 0.480) positively correlated with muscle oedema. Follow-up MMT-8 correlated negatively with baseline atrophy (r = –0.497) and fatty infiltration (r = –0.531). On follow-up, MMT-8 males had positive total effect (estimate (95%CI)) via atrophy [2.93 (0.44, 4.89)] and fatty infiltration [2.08 (0.54, 3.71)]. Antisynthetase antibody had a positive total effect via fatty infiltration [4.50 (0.37, 7.59)]. Age had a negative total effect via atrophy [–0.09 (0.19, –0.01)] and fatty infiltration [–0.07 (–0.15, –0.01)]. Disease duration had a negative total effect via fatty infiltration [–0.18 (–0.27, –0.02)].

Conclusion
Baseline fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy resulting from older age, female sex, longer disease duration and absent anti-synthetase antibodies, partly mediate muscle recovery in IIM.
CONQUER Scleroderma: association of gastrointestinal tract symptoms in early disease with resource utilization
Authors: Luebker Sarah , Frech Tracy M , Assassi Shervin , Skaug Brian , Gordon Jessica K , Lakin Kimberly , Bernstein Elana J , Luo Yiming , Steen Virginia D , Shah Ami A , Hummers Laura K , Richardson Carrie , Moore Duncan F , Khanna Dinesh , Castelino Flavia V , Chung Lorinda , Kapoor Puneet , Hant Faye N , Shanmugam Victoria K , VanBuren John M , Alvey Jessica , Harding Monica , Shah Ankoor , Makol Ashima , Lebiedz-Odrobina Dorota , Thomas Julie K , Volkmann Elizabeth R , Molitor Jerry A , Sandorfi Nora 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
SSc is associated with increased health-care resource utilization and economic burden. The Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER) is a US-based collaborative that collects longitudinal follow-up data on SSc patients with &lt;5 years of disease duration enrolled at scleroderma centres in the USA. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between gastrointestinal tract symptoms and self-reported resource utilization in CONQUER participants.

Methods
CONQUER participants who had completed a baseline and 12-month Gastrointestinal Tract Questionnaire (GIT 2.0) and a Resource Utilization Questionnaire (RUQ) were included in this analysis. Patients were categorized by total GIT 2.0 severity: none-to-mild (0–0.49); moderate (0.50–1.00), and severe-to-very severe (1.01–3.00). Clinical features and medication exposures were examined in each of these categories. The 12-month RUQ responses were summarized by GIT 2.0 score categories at 12 months.

Results
Among the 211 CONQUER participants who met the inclusion criteria, most (64%) had mild GIT symptoms, 26% had moderate symptoms, and 10% severe GIT symptoms at 12 months. The categorization of GIT total severity score by RUQ showed that more upper endoscopy procedures and inpatient hospitalization occurred in the CONQUER participants with severe GIT symptoms. These patients with severe GIT symptoms also reported the use of more adaptive equipment.

Conclusion
This report from the CONQUER cohort suggests that severe GIT symptoms result in more resource utilization. It is especially important to understand resource utilization in early disease cohorts when disease activity, rather than damage, primarily contributes to health-related costs of SSc.
Pharmacological screening of glibenclamide solid dispersion in fructose-fed diabetic rats
Authors: Rahman Mahfuza , Barman Ranjan Kumar , Khan Rafiqul Islam , Ali Ashraf , Sarker Shahin , Wahed Imam Ibne 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, our main objective was to estimate the therapeutic effectiveness of the formulated solid dispersion of glibenclamide (GSD) with improved dissolution profiles in comparison with pure glibenclamide (GLB) by means of a fructose-fed diabetic rat model.

Methods
To evaluate the pharmacological effectiveness of the formulated GSD, a fructose-fed diabetic rat model evolved and the obtained consequences were compared with the conventional GLB treatment.

Key findings
GSD exhibited improved glucose and lipid-lowering efficacy of GSD in contrast to pure GLB after 15 days of treatment. Low dose (0.5 mg/kg) and high dose (5 mg/kg) of GSD showed significant lowering of blood glucose which is 6 ± 0.2 mmol/L and 5.6 ± 0.3 mmol/L respectively after 15 days of treatment is much better than that of pure GLB (6.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L). Furthermore, low dose of GSD presented approximately comparable beneficiary effects in regard to triglycerides (72.00 ± 7.23 mg/dL), total cholesterol (110.33 ± 5.78 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein (67.60 ± 5.21 mg/dL) and high-density lipoprotein (28.33 ± 1.53 mg/dL) as pure GLB after 15 days. Additionally, histological studies as well confirmed no fatty infiltration from the liver by GSD as compared with GLB which was consistent with the biochemical parameters.

Conclusions
For treating diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, the formulated GSD might be a potential substitute for traditional GLB.
It’s who, not what that matters: personal relevance and early face processing
Authors: Bayer Mareike , Johnstone Tom , Dziobek Isabel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe faces of our friends and loved ones are among the most pervasive and important social stimuli we encounter in our everyday lives. We employed electroencephalography to investigate the time line of personally relevant face processing and potential interactions with emotional facial expressions by presenting female participants with photographs of their romantic partner, a close friend and a stranger, displaying fearful, happy and neutral facial expressions. Our results revealed elevated activity to the partner’s face from 100 ms after stimulus onset as evident in increased amplitudes of P1, early posterior negativity, P3 and late positive component, while there were no effects of emotional expressions and no interactions. Our findings indicate the prominent role of personal relevance in face processing; the time course of effects further suggests that it might not rely solely on the core face processing network but might start even before the stage of structural face encoding. Our results suggest a new direction of research in which face processing models should be expanded to adequately capture the dynamics of the processing of real-life, personally relevant faces.
Evidence of Neurovascular Water Exchange and Endothelial Vascular Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Goldwaser Eric L , Wang Danny J J , Adhikari Bhim M , Chiappelli Joshua , Shao Xingfeng , Yu Jiaao , Lu Tong , Chen Shuo , Marshall Wyatt , Yuen Alexa , Kvarta Mark , Ma Yizhou , Du Xiaoming , Gao Si , Saeedi Osamah , Bruce Heather , Donnelly Patrick , O’Neill Hugh , Shuldiner Alan R , Mitchell Braxton D , Kochunov Peter , Hong L Elliot 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Mounting evidence supports cerebrovascular contributions to schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) but with unknown mechanisms. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is at the nexus of neural-vascular exchanges, tasked with regulating cerebral homeostasis. BBB abnormalities in SSD, if any, are likely more subtle compared to typical neurological insults and imaging measures that assess large molecule BBB leakage in major neurological events may not be sensitive enough to directly examine BBB abnormalities in SSD.

Study Design
We tested the hypothesis that neurovascular water exchange (Kw) measured by non-invasive diffusion-prepared arterial spin label MRI (n = 27 healthy controls [HC], n = 32 SSD) is impaired in SSD and associated with clinical symptoms. Peripheral vascular endothelial health was examined by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (n = 44 HC, n = 37 SSD) to examine whether centrally measured Kw is related to endothelial functions.

Study Results
Whole-brain average Kw was significantly reduced in SSD (P = .007). Exploratory analyses demonstrated neurovascular water exchange reductions in the right parietal lobe, including the supramarginal gyrus (P = .002) and postcentral gyrus (P = .008). Reduced right superior corona radiata (P = .001) and right angular gyrus Kw (P = .006) was associated with negative symptoms. Peripheral endothelial function was also significantly reduced in SSD (P = .0001). Kw in 94% of brain regions in HC positively associated with peripheral endothelial function, which was not observed in SSD, where the correlation was inversed in 52% of brain regions.

Conclusions
This study provides initial evidence of neurovascular water exchange abnormalities, which appeared clinically associated, especially with negative symptoms, in schizophrenia.
Synthetic biology regulation in Europe: containment, release and beyond
Authors: Sundaram Lalitha S , Ajioka James W , Molloy Jennifer C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
While synthetic biology is hoped to hold promise and potential to address pressing global challenges, the issue of regulation is an under-appreciated challenge. Particularly in Europe, the regulatory frameworks involved are rooted in historical concepts based on containment and release. Through a series of case studies including a field-use biosensor intended to detect arsenic in well water in Nepal and Bangladesh, and insects engineered for sterility, we explore the implications that this regulatory and conceptual divide has had on the deployment of synthetic biology projects in different national contexts. We then consider some of the broader impacts that regulation can have on the development of synthetic biology as a field, not only in Europe but also globally, with a particular emphasis on low- and middle-income countries. We propose that future regulatory adaptability would be increased by moving away from a containment and release dichotomy and toward a more comprehensive assessment that accounts for the possibility of varying degrees of ‘contained release’.
Graphical Abstract
Adherence to Ocular Hypotensive Medication in Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in Ghana
Authors: Kyei Samuel , Kwao Eric , Mashige Percy Khathutshelo , Listowell Abu Sampson , Racette Lyne 
Published: April 2023

Précis:
There is a high rate of nonadherence to ocular hypotensive medications in a highly prevalent glaucoma setting, which warrants the attention of caregivers so as to inform their discussion of the possible barriers to adherence with their patients.

Purpose:
To assess adherence to ocular hypotensive medication objectively among glaucoma patients in Ghana and to identify factors associated with adherence.

Materials and Methods:
The prospective, observational cohort study included consecutive patients with primary open angle glaucoma treated with Timolol at the Christian Eye Centre, Cape Coast, Ghana. Adherence was assessed using Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) for a period of 3 months. MEMS adherence was defined as the number of doses taken divided by the number of doses prescribed, expressed in percent. Patients with adherence of 75% or less were classified as nonadherent. Associations with glaucoma medication self-efficacy, eyedrop-taking behaviors, and health beliefs were also assessed.

Results:
Of the 139 patients (mean age, 65 y [SD, 13 y]) included in the study, 107 (77.0%) were nonadherent when assessed with MEMS, compared with only 47 (33.8%) who self-reported being nonadherent. Overall, mean adherence was 48.5%±29.7. In univariate analysis, MEMS adherence was significantly associated with educational level (χ
2=9.18, P=0.01) and the number of systemic comorbidities (χ
2=6.03, P=0.049).

Conclusion:
Overall, mean adherence was low, and adherence was associated with educational level and number of systemic comorbidities in univariate analysis.
Head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Moore Johanna C. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of head-up (HUP) CPR physiology, relevant preclinical findings, and recent clinical literature.

Recent findings
Recent preclinical findings have demonstrated optimal hemodynamics and improved neurologically intact survival in animals receiving controlled head and thorax elevation with circulatory adjuncts. These findings are compared with animals in the supine position and/or receiving conventional CPR with the HUP position. There are few clinical studies of HUP CPR. However, recent studies have shown safety and feasibility of HUP CPR and improved near-infrared spectroscopy changes in patients with head and neck elevation. Additional observational studies have shown that HUP CPR performed with head and thorax elevation and circulatory adjuncts has a time-dependent association with survival to hospital discharge, survival with good neurological function, and return of spontaneous circulation.

Summary
HUP CPR is a new and novel therapy increasingly used in the prehospital setting and discussed in the resuscitation community. This review provides a relevant review of HUP CPR physiology and preclinical work, and recent clinical findings. Further clinical studies are needed to further explore the potential of HUP CPR.
Pulse wave analysis: basic concepts and clinical application in intensive care medicine
Authors: Thomsen Kristen K. , Kouz Karim , Saugel Bernd 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
The measurement of cardiac output (CO) is important in patients with circulatory shock. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) estimates CO continuously and in real-time using the mathematical analysis of the arterial pressure waveform. We describe different PWA methods and provide a framework for CO monitoring using PWA in critically ill patients.

Recent findings
PWA monitoring systems can be classified according to their invasiveness (into invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive systems) and their calibration method (into externally calibrated, internally calibrated, and uncalibrated systems). PWA requires optimal arterial pressure waveform signals. Marked alterations and rapid changes in systemic vascular resistance and vasomotor tone can impair the measurement performance of PWA.

Summary
Noninvasive PWA methods are generally not recommended in critically ill patients (who have arterial catheters anyway). PWA systems can be used to continuously track stroke volume and CO in real-time during tests of fluid responsiveness or during therapeutic interventions. During fluid challenges, continuous CO monitoring is important because – if CO decreases – a fluid challenge can be stopped early to avoid further unnecessary fluid administration. PWA externally calibrated to indicator dilution methods can be used – in addition to echocardiography – to diagnose the type of shock.