bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurements for static shape control optimization of silicon mirror using nonlinear piezoceramic actuators
Authors: Sumit  , Kane S R , Ganguli Tapas , Shukla Rahul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, experimental study for shape control of silicon mirror is done by nonlinear piezoceramic actuator. A piezoelectric unimorph-based silicon mirror (PUSiM) is fabricated using APC 850 piezoceramic for shape control analysis. The piezo response function of all the actuators and profile of PUSiM are measured by confocal sensor at various applied electric fields to verify the nonlinearity of piezoceramic actuator. For comparison, electromechanical coupled finite element model of PUSiM is developed. Recently proposed iterative piezo response function-based optimization is used to calculate the electric field of piezoceramic actuators to achieve the target elliptical profile of PUSiM. At optimum voltage the achieved profile of PUSiM is quite close to the target elliptical profile with 193 nm root-mean-square error. Knowing the nonlinearity inherent in the piezoceramic actuators at high voltages the proposed measurement technique is a way forward for the shape control of structures and deformable mirrors.
Preparation and processing performance of high steady-state magnetorheological finishing fluid
Authors: Shen Zhuoshan , Pan Jisheng , Zhang Jianwen , Yan Qiusheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Magnetorheological finishing fluid (MRFF), as the transfer medium of magnetorheological finishing, is mainly composed of magnetic particles, base carrier fluid, abrasives and additives, etc. The MRFF with stable performance and good polishing effect is an important factor to achieve magnetorheological deterministic finishing. The magnetic particles with low bulk density are stably suspended in the MRFF, while the micro-structure on the outer surface of the magnetic particles can enhance the holding strength of the magnetic chain bundles on the abrasives in magnetorheological finishing. Highly stable MRFF was prepared by combining solvothermal and calcination reactions to produce flower-like Fe3O4 as magnetic particles, and its settling stability and polishing performance were tested. The stability test results showed that the settling ratio of 64.2% for the flower-like-Fe3O4 MRFF was better than that of 14.2% for the spherical Fe3O4. Compared with the spherical-Fe3O4 magnetic chain bundles, the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element simulation results showed that the magnetic chain bundles composed of flower-like Fe3O4 had a stronger holding force under the magnetic field and a 10.37% increase in shear force during the polishing process. The processing results showed that the polishing depth of flower-like Fe3O4 polishing increased with the gradual reduction of polishing gap, and the polishing with flower-like-Fe3O4 MRFF could obtain deeper material removal depth compared with spherical-Fe3O4 MRFF, and the maximum removal depth increased by 41.5% under the same conditions.
Study on new magnetorheological chemical polishing process for GaN crystals: polishing solution composition, process parameters, and roughness prediction model
Authors: Wu Jinzhong , Afzal Burhan , Huang Zhilong , Yang Maoju , Sun Shuaishuai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
High-quality and high-efficiency processing of gallium nitride (GaN) crystals is urgently required for optoelectronic communications and other major industries. This study proposes a novel high-efficiency non-damage magnetorheological chemical polishing (MCP) process to overcome the existing problems of low efficiency and lattice distortion during processing. The effects of the MCP fluid composition and key processing parameters on the surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) of GaN crystals were studied experimentally. The results showed that a compounded abrasive containing silica fluid exhibited better polishing effects than a single abrasive. The polishing efficiency could be improved by adding NaOH solid particles, and the MRR reached 13.19 nm min−1 when the pH of the MCP fluid was 10. The MRR increased gradually with an increase in the pole rotation speed and worktable speed and a decrease in the polishing gap. The surface roughness of the GaN crystals was improved from Ra 115 nm to Ra 0.375 nm after polishing for 4 h. The surface and sub-surface damage of the polished GaN crystals was analyzed using scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results confirmed that the MCP process can realize the non-damage polishing of GaN crystals. Moreover, a prediction model for the surface roughness of GaN crystals in the MCP process was constructed. The overall difference between the actual and predicted surface roughness values for the model was 11.6%.
On the characterization of the compressive response of shape memory alloys using bending
Authors: Mohammad Hashemi Yadollah , Kadkhodaei Mahmoud , Sgambitterra Emanuele , Maletta Carmine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Determination of material parameters of metals/polymers under compressive loadings has been sometimes an onerous issue especially for thin sheets and wires. In the present paper, an approach is presented to determine the compressive material constants of the shape memory alloy (SMA) sheets by employing four-point bending tests. A three-dimensional (3D) asymmetric model is presented and implemented in COMSOL software. An SMA strip showing pseudoelasticity at the ambient temperature is trained under tensile loading, and the experimental results are used together with the model to determine the tensile material parameters of the specimen. On the other hand, a sample is subjected to four-point bending, and, after training, the strain distribution at the lateral surface of the sample is captured by using digital image correlation method. The empirical results for bending are utilized along with 3D simulations to determine the compressive material parameters of the specimens. The approach is finally validated by experimental data, and it appears to provide a reliable procedure for the compressive characterization of SMAs. The present research enables users to avoid performing susceptible compression tests and also empowers them to study the compressive mechanical response of a material during training cycles under quasi-static/adiabatic conditions.
Analysis of inhomogeneities in Nb3Sn wires by combined SEM and SHPM and their impact on J
c and T
c
Authors: Pfeiffer S , Baumgartner T , Löffler S , Stöger-Pollach M , Hopkins S C , Ballarino A , Eisterer M , Bernardi J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate the combined use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM) to analyse inhomogeneities in Nb3Sn wires. Inhomogeneities of the A15 phase in Nb3Sn sub-elements of a Ti-alloyed Restacked Rod Process wire and a Ta-alloyed Powder-In-Tube wire are investigated. Microstructural features are examined by SEM, elemental concentration gradients by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and the superconducting properties by SHPM. Correlations between the results are analysed to gain information about the impact of inhomogeneities in the microstructure on the superconducting properties. We find considerable differences in geometry and performance between sub-elements, as well as compositional and geometric inhomogeneities of the A15 phase inside single sub-elements. Additionally, simulations of the influence of Sn concentration gradients on the critical current density J
c are performed. We also demonstrate the viability of SHPM and EDX for determining the dependence of the critical temperature T
c on the Sn concentration and discuss possible performance gains by a reduction of inhomogeneities in Nb3Sn wires.
How to build a magnetometer with thermal atomic vapor: a tutorial
Authors: Fabricant Anne , Novikova Irina , Bison Georg 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article is designed as a step-by-step guide to optically pumped magnetometers based on alkali atomic vapor cells. We begin with a general introduction to atomic magneto-optical response, as well as expected magnetometer performance merits and how they are affected by main sources of noise. This is followed by a brief comparison of different magnetometer realizations and an overview of current research, with the aim of helping readers to identify the most suitable magnetometer type for specific applications. Next, we discuss some practical considerations for experimental implementations, using the case of an M

z
magnetometer as an example of the design process. Finally, an interactive workbook with real magnetometer data is provided to illustrate magnetometer-performance analysis.
Nonlocal couple stress-based quasi-3D nonlinear dynamics of agglomerated CNT-reinforced micro/nano-plates before and after bifurcation phenomenon
Authors: Yue Xiao-Guang , Sahmani Saeid , Safaei Babak 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In present research exploration, the nonlinear dynamic stability characteristics of axially compressed nanocomposite plates at micro/nano-scale reinforced with randomly oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are investigated within the both prebuckling and postbuckling regimes. To accomplish this examination, the nonlocal couple stress (NCS) continuum elasticity is incorporated to a quasi-3D plate theory which separates the plate deformation to the bending and shear parts considering simultaneously the transverse shear and normal displacements. In addition, a two-parameter homogenization scheme is utilized to obtain the effective characters of the randomly oriented CNT-reinforced nanocomposites. The NCS-based nonlinear differential equations of motion are discretized using the Kronecker tensor product together with the shifted Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto gridding pattern. Thereafter, the Galerkin technique together with the pseudo arc-length continuation method are employed to achieve the NCS-based fRequency-load and nonlinear frequency ratio-deflection curves before and after of the bifurcation point. It is deduced that for a randomly oriented CNT-reinforced heterogeneous micro/nano-plate in which the most CNTs are located inside clusters, increasing the value of cluster volume fraction leads to increase a bit the significance of the softening and stiffing characters related to the nonlocal and couple stress tensors before the bifurcation phenomenon, but it causes to decrease them after the critical bifurcation point. Opposite patterns before and after the bifurcation phenomenon are predicted for the agglomeration in which the most CNTs are located outside clusters.
Plasmon resonances of graphene-assisted core-bishell nanoparticles
Authors: Fares Hesham , Ahmed Moustafa , Moustafa Samar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) in graphene-assisted core-bishell nanoparticles which consist of a graphene layer (outer shell) wrapped around a metal shell and either a dielectric or a metal core. Small nanoparticles with a size much smaller than the wavelength of incident light are assumed, and the quasi-static approximation is applied to develop analytic equations to describe the absorption, scattering, and extinction efficiencies . The proposed nanostructures exhibit two LSPRs; one is in the visible range and corresponds to a plasmon mode of the core-inner shell composite, while the second lies in the near infrared (NIR) and is induced by the graphene plasmons excited at the outer shell. Interestingly, the LSPR of graphene has an ultra-narrow bandwidth and can be tuned in the NIR by altering the physical parameters of graphene, such as the Fermi energy and the number of graphene layers. Therefore, the LSPR peak of graphene is promising for medical applications. In addition, the LSPR of graphene can be tuned to the visible range near the position of the first LSPR, resulting in two narrow linewidth peaks. These resonance peaks could be beneficial for highly sensitive LSPR-based sensors.
Synthesis of CuO thin films by a direct current reactive sputtering process for CO gas sensing application
Authors: Mahana Debashrita , Mauraya Amit Kumar , Kumaragurubaran Somu , Singh Preetam , Muthusamy Senthil Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A direct current magnetron reactive sputtering, one of the well-known physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques, was employed for the preparation of CuO thin films at room temperature for CO gas sensing application. The effect of the O2 gas flow ratio on the phase formation of copper oxide was studied by varying the O2 flow rate in the total flow of Ar/O2 gas mixture. Cu2O phase was found to form at a low O2 flow ratio of 10% and gradually converted into stable CuO phase with an increase in O2 flow ratio through the intermediate phase of Cu4O3. The films exhibited a granular morphology, and the average grain size increased with an increase in the O2 partial flow. Single-phase CuO thin film has been obtained with 40% of O2 gas flow ratio. The evolution of the copper oxide phases with increasing O2 partial flow was also confirmed using the Cu 2p and O 1s core-levels of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The CO gas sensing characteristics of the CuO thin film were examined by varying the operating temperature in the range of 200 °C–400 °C. An optimized CO sensing response of 127% has been obtained at 375 °C towards 91 ppm concentration with a response/recovery time of 161 s/99 s.
Soliton rains with isolated solitons induced by acoustic waves in a nonlinear multimodal interference-based fiber laser
Authors: Chen G W , Jia K L , Ji S K , Zhu J , Li H Y 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate soliton rains with isolated solitons and soliton bunches in a passively mode-locked fiber laser, using a mode-locker based on a nonlinear multimodal interference technique. The isolated solitons are captured at the moments of integer multiples of 21 ns and 33 ns, which correspond to the acoustic modes in TR2m and R0m branches. The theory of nonlinear fiber optics is used to characterize the mechanism of capturing isolated solitons. The modal delay induced by the multimode fiber gives a revealing insight into the loss of capacity to capture and transition from soliton rains to bunches. Our study introduces a new way to precisely control the behaviors of multi-solitons and provides a potential tool for understanding complex nonlinear dynamics.
Elemental study of Devarda’s alloy using calibration free-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF‒LIBS)
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Alrebdi Tahani A , Fayyaz Amir , Asghar Haroon , Shah Syed Kifayat H , Naeem M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the present study, we present the compositional analysis of a Devarda’s alloy using the calibration–free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) technique. A nanosecond pulsed Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was focused on the target-sample under investigation to ablate its surface and the measured emission spectrum was registered by using a spectrometer (LIBS2000+) having the optical spectral within a range from 200–720 nm. The analysis of the measured optical spectra confirms the presence of three major elements Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn) in the target sample. The emission intensity line profiles of Zn, Cu, and Al were utilized to estimate the plasma-parameters consisting of excitation temperature, and the plasma number density. The plasma excitation temperature was investigated using the Boltzmann-plot technique, which yields the temperature for Cu and Zn as 8547 ± 5% K and 8100 ± 5%, respectively, while the electron plasma density was calculated from the Stark-broadening of individual neutral emission lines of Al, Cu, and Zn. For the quantitative analysis of the elements that exist in the target sample, a CF-LIBS technique was employed by assuming the condition of optically thin plasma as well as local thermodynamics equilibrium. Using the CF-LIBS technique, the relative composition in the form of weight percentage was estimated to be Zn: 57%, Al: 39%, and Cu: 4%, whereas, the certified concentration of Devarda’s alloy was 50% for Zn, 45% for Al, and 5% for Cu. These measured results reveal that the elemental concentration utilizing CF-LIBS shows a reasonable agreement with standard estimates illustrated by the manufacturer. This study further suggests that the CF-LIBS technique opens up an opportunity for engineering and industrial usage of LIBS where a quantifiable study of the substance is exceedingly advantageous.
Exact magnetic properties of two-dimensional spin-1 Cooper pairs
Authors: Cheng Ze 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Exact magnetic properties of two-dimensional (2D) spin-1 Cooper pairs are investigated within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics. We derive an exact analytical expression of the magnetization of 2D spin-1 Cooper pairs, which involves a q-digamma function and a q-Pochhammer symbol in mathematics. The magnetization density m(T) is a function of temperature T, Landé factor g, number density σ, and magnetic field B. Firstly, we examine the evolution of the magnetization density m(T) with the Landé factor g. m(T) is negative when g < 1, and changes gradually to positive after g

c
. Here,

g
c

=
1

is the critical value of the Landé factor g, at which

m
(
T
)
=
0

. Secondly, we examine the evolution of the magnetization density m(T) with the temperature T. When g < 1, there are the two asymptotic lines for the magnetization density m(T). The low-temperature asymptotic line is

m
(
T
)
=
−
387.5

nC s−1 and the high-temperature asymptotic line is

m
(
T
)
=
0

. Finally, we examine the evolution of the magnetization density m(T) with the number density σ. No matter how large the Landé factor g is, there is a lower cutoff σ

c
of the number density σ. The lower cutoff number density is about

σ
c

=

10

12

cm−2. If

σ
<

σ
c

, the Cooper pair system does not support a solution of the reduced chemical potential x. As the number density σ is increased, the Bose–Einstein condensation of 2D Cooper pairs is strengthened.
Data-driven design of the Belle II track segment finder
Authors: Unger K.L. , Neu M. , Becker J. , Schmidt E. , Kiesling C. , Meggendorfer F. , Skambraks S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Belle II experiment relies on a level-1 trigger system to reduce noise background and preselect events of interest for particle physics. The Central Drift Chamber is the main track detector which makes its trigger system important for online track reconstruction. To improve its hit efficiency, an extension of the track segment finder for low angle tracks is proposed. By combining hardware and software development flows, an automated data-driven pipeline is created and three different-sized hardware concepts are implemented. The operation point is adjustable to balance hit efficiency against hit purity in the trigger system.
Evidence map of the benefits of enhanced-efficiency fertilisers for the environment, nutrient use efficiency, soil fertility, and crop production
Authors: Chen Mathilde , Schievano Andrea , Bosco Simona , Montero-Castaño Ana , Tamburini Giovanni , Pérez-Soba Marta , Makowski David 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The identification of sustainable fertilisation practices is essential to reduce agriculture’s impact on the environment while insuring sufficient crop production. The use of enhanced efficiency fertilisers (EEFs) is thought to improve nitrogen (N)-fertiliser uptake by crops while reducing nutrient losses to the environment. EEFs’ performance has been assessed in several meta-analyses and systematic reviews, which are heterogeneous in content and quality of reporting. This provides fragmented information and makes it difficult to conclude about their ability to provide more sustainable fertilisation. Here we synthetise evidence from 26 meta-analyses and reviews selected by a systematic literature search to describe the separate effects of four commonly used EEFs—nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, double inhibitors, or controlled-release fertilisers—on the environment, nutrient use efficiency, soil fertility, and crop production. A unique contribution of this review is the assessment of the quality of the selected papers and the synthesis of their results through a systematic framework. Results showed that compared to conventional fertilisers, EEFs generally increased soil nutrients, crop yield, and N use efficiency, and reduced N leaching, emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Some differences were found between the different EEFs; while urease inhibitors, double inhibitors, and controlled-released fertilisers decreased ammonia emission compared to conventional fertilisers, nitrification inhibitors increased these emissions or did not affect them. The results were consistent when excluding low-quality studies from the analyses. Overall, this global synthesis indicates that EEFs could maintain crop yields while reducing some of the negative environmental impacts of conventional N-fertilisers. Attention should be paid to the potential increase of ammonia emissions by nitrification inhibitors and additional evidence is needed on the potential side effects on soil health, biodiversity, and water quality.
Seismic Site Response Analysis of MMMUT Gorakhpur of Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Yadav Shubhamjeet , Maurya Madan Chandra , Sharma Keshav Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn endeavour has been made to assess the spatial fluctuation of the profundity of endured and designing bedrock in Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh, North India utilizing Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) study. One-layered MASW study has been done at Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur campus and Shear-wave VelocityVS30are estimated. MASW overview at 3 location and a Standard Penetration Test SPT-N from the profound geotechnical boreholes data used for comparison of site classification. The deduction of this work might be utilized as contributions for seismic tremor risk the board by lessening the seriousness of earthquake shaking through plan of tremor Earthquake risk resilient structure strong designs. The data that collected from the MASW experimental setup is feed using the software ParkSEIS (v.3.0), we obtain Shear Wave Velocity (VS30). The obtainedVS30is used to plot Response Spectra for MMMUT Gorakhpur. The Time History data used in this thesis is Nepal Earthquake 2015 data which is collected from Indian Metrological Department (IMD) Delhi, India. SPT-N value data is collected from Awas Vikas Parishad for the New Administration Building build at MMMUT campus Gorakhpur. The Time History data of Nepal Earthquake 2015 is analysed using DEEPSOIL v7 Software and a systematic layer wise study of MMMUT Campus soil is carried out, results such as Ground Motion Parameters, Response Spectra, Spectral acceleration vs Frequency plot, Tripartite Spectrum and Response spectra corresponding to 5% damping are obtained.
Experimental Study on the Crack Repair Techniques of Concrete Structures: A Case Study
Authors: Bano Samreen , Jaiswal Ganesh , Kumar Rikshit , Tiwari Avneesh , Karthikeyan M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A crack is a whole or partial split of either concrete or masonry into two or more portions caused by breaking or fracturing in concrete constructions. The bulk of fractures is caused by external forces higher than what the structure or its components can sustain acting on it. The most typical sign of degradation in concrete buildings is cracking. Once the fractured system has been assessed, an appropriate repair method that considers these reasons may be chosen. Selecting the best crack repair method may produce results that endure for a very long time while saving you a lot of time, money, and effort. The causes of cracks and several strategies for healing them are covered in this paper.