bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating the behavioral Defining Issues Test across different genders, political, and religious affiliations
Authors: Han Hyemin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Defining Issues Test (DIT) has been widely used in psychological experiments to assess one’s developmental level of moral reasoning in terms of postconventional reasoning. However, there have been concerns regarding whether the tool is biased across people with different genders and political and religious views. To address the limitations, in the present study, I tested the validity of the brief version of the test, that is, the behavioral DIT, in terms of the measurement invariance and differential item functioning (DIF). I could not find any significant non-invariance at the test level or any item demonstrating practically significant DIF at the item level. The findings indicate that neither the test nor any of its items showed a significant bias toward any particular group. As a result, the collected validity evidence supports the use of test scores across different groups, enabling researchers who intend to examine participants’ moral reasoning development across heterogeneous groups to draw conclusions based on the scores.
Suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in an urban post-partum maternity setting: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moran L. , Sheehan J. D. , Roddy D. , Duffy R. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground:Fifteen percent of women worldwide experience depression in the perinatal period. Suicide is now one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in developed countries. Internationally, many healthcare systems screen post-natal women for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation to facilitate early assessment and intervention. To our knowledge, no Irish data exists on the prevalence of suicidal ideation in this cohort.Aims:To evaluate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in post-natal women attending a large Dublin maternity hospital.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Women were randomly selected by delivery date over a 6 month period. Demographic and medical information was collected from their booking visit and discharge summary data. EPDS results at discharge post-partum were examined.Results:Data was collected on 643 women. Post-partum, 19 women (3.4%) had experienced suicidal ideation in the previous 7 days. Just over half of these women also had high EPDS scores (>12). Overall, 29 women (5.2%) screened positive for depression (EPDS score > 12).Conclusions:The rate of suicidal ideation is in line with the published international data and emphasises the need for all clinicians to inquire about such thoughts. Training of midwifery and obstetric staff is required. Maternity units should have a policy on the management of suicidal ideation and risk. The prevalence of depressive symptoms post-partum was comparatively low in our study. This could suggest that antenatal screening and early intervention, which are integral parts of the perinatal mental health service, are effective. However, due to limitations of the study, it could also reflect an under-representation of depressive symptom burden in this cohort.
Sir Robert Cotton, Manuscript Pamphleteering, and the Making of Jacobean Kingship during the Short Peace, ca. 1609–1613
Authors: Millstone Noah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article concerns two manuscript tracts by Sir Robert Cotton, the Answer to Certain Military Men regarding Foreign War (1609) and Twenty-Four Arguments on the Strict Execution of the Laws against Seminary Priests (1613). To the limited extent that these tracts have been studied at all, historians have read them as artifacts of the Jacobean regime's internal counseling process. Through analysis of the both the structure of the Jacobean regime's knowledge economy and the two tracts and contextualizing them, the author argues that these were, instead, innovative exercises in publicity, designed to defend existing Jacobean policy against so-called country criticism. Designed to circulate widely among the kingdom's social elite—indeed, more than two dozen handwritten copies of each tract survive—the manuscript pamphlets played on Cotton's reputation as an antiquary to legitimize the Jacobean regime's most controversial policies. More broadly, the tracts demonstrate the dilemma of a Jacobean regime caught between the geopolitics of peace and interconfessional diplomacy and the expectations of a domestic political elite nurtured on the values and expectations of confessional war.
High Mach number dynamic stability of blunt slender cones at angle of attack
Authors: Khalid M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe dynamic stability of blunt cones at angles of attack and high supersonic Mach numbers has been investigated along lines similar to the pointed cone solution derived by the present author. The steady pressure distribution on a blunt cone is complemented with a first and second order azimuth contribution resulting from an angle of. attack displacement. The unsteady perturbation is then superimposed on the steady solution by accounting for the streamline deflection in an oscillating flow. The closed form expressions obtained for the dynamic stability of blunt cones reduce to their pointed cone counterparts once the bluntness parameter is equated to zero. The comparison between the theoretical and measured results is quite encouraging.
Design of an advanced nacelle for a very high bypass ratio engine
Authors: Lecordix J.-L. , Gippet J.-M. , Duparcq J.-L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe next challenge for future engines is to increase the bypass ratio in order to improve the propulsive efficiency. These very high bypass ratio engines improve the fuel consumption but create new technical challenges. These challenges include the fact that larger engines require bigger nacelles, hence the external drag and weight increase; furthermore the installation of these engines on civil aircraft is more challenging. Therefore important work has been carried out to optimise the design of these new nacelles and their installation on the airframe.The present work is based on a new engine, with a very high bypass ratio. For this engine Snecma has designed an advanced nacelle with a low diameter-low length fan cowl and a core cowl mounted thrust reverser. A very short secondary flow nozzle is required to improve accessibility to the core engine and its accessories. The fan cowl length is dramatically reduced.Different solutions were investigated to design the inlet and the fan cowl. Based on 2D potential inverse codes and 3D Euler codes, CFD calculations were made to optimise the aerodynamic lines for cruise conditions while keeping good off-design performance. A highly challenging exhaust nozzle was designed to maintain good efficiency with very tough geometric constraints. For this Snecma used 2D Navier-Stokes CFD codes. New reverse systems were studied for this type of nacelle, for example core cowl mounted thrust reversers. The optimisation of these highly 3D geometries was performed using 2D and 3D Navier-Stokes calculations.
The application of a theoretical blade sailing model to predict the behaviour of articulated helicopter rotors
Authors: Newman S. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA theoretical model had been previously developed to predict the behaviour of a semi-rigid helicopter rotor blade during rotor engagement and disengagement under high wind conditions. This has now been extended to cater for an articulated rotor by modelling the droop and anti-flap stop mechanisms by high rate linear springs.. Much increased blade deflections are predicted, as anticipated, along with the possibility of blade tip/tail boom contact at a high enough wind speed. The importance of the higher modes in the description of the phenomenon is demonstrated. A comparison of the theoretical model with an experiment using a full size Puma aircraft is presented.
Recognizing Odysseus, reading Penelope: theanagnōrisisin the 23rd book of theOdyssey
Authors: Currie Bruno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe article argues that Penelope recognizes Odysseus atOdyssey23.32–33, not, as is usually held, at 205–06. Recognition is here analysed as a multi-componential process, in which Penelope’s coming to know Odysseus’ identity must be distinguished from her letting on that she knows, and in which her recognition of the man before her as her long-lost husband does not automatically entail the immediate rekindling of all the old emotions. The narrative ofOdyssey23.1–230 is shown to be interested in tracing Penelope’s progression through the various components of recognition (knowledge, acknowledgement, emotional reconnection). The article explores the reasons why Penelope may consent to full reunion with Odysseus a good deal later than she has actually recognized him. Among these reasons, as well as the need for emotional attunement between Odysseus and Penelope, is Penelope’s need to ‘manage face’vis-à-visEurycleia, Telemachus and Odysseus. It is argued, further, that the narrative of theOdysseycharacteristically requires us to read the minds of its characters, above all Penelope in book 23. A mind-reading approach to the poem is justified in principle and grounded in a detailed reading ofOdyssey23.1–230. The wider interpretative implications for the poetics of the poem as whole are also explored.
The Red Sea Aristotle
Authors: Lytle Ephraim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeriving from a larger investigation into the sources used by Leonidas of Byzantium for his second-century AD Halieutica, this article argues that a handful of passages in Aelian’s De natura animalium (3.18, 3.28, 10.13, 10.20, 11.21, 11.23–24, 12.24–25[24] and 12.27[25]) comprise a coherent series indebted to the same section of Leonidas’ work. More importantly, all of these accounts are ultimately derived from a Peripatetic treatise on the marine fauna of the Red Sea. The author, whom I dub the Red Sea Aristotle, based his treatise on first-hand research likely conducted at a Ptolemaic settlement in the northern Red Sea. This treatise seems to have been known to at least one later Alexandrian lexicographer, while Agatharchides of Cnidus may have had access to it already in the middle of the second century BC. This Peripatetic treatise invites a reconsideration of orthodox claims about the fate of scientific zoology in the Hellenistic period.
Wastias: the lion of Thebes
Authors: Papazarkadas Nikolaos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article offers the first comprehensive presentation of a monumental funerary lion found approximately 60 years ago in Thebes. Remarkably, the stone lion’s breast is inscribed with the name of the deceased, Ϝαστίας. On numismatic, epigraphic and historical grounds, I identify this Wastias as the homonymous magistrate appearing on staters of the Boiotian koinon in ca. 400 BC, but also as Astias, one of the leading Laconizing Theban politicians on the eve of the Corinthian War (Hellenica Oxyrhynchia 20.1–2). Wastias’ death can be very plausibly placed in 395 BC, the year of the battle of Haliartos. The proposed association is supported by a stylistic analysis of the monument, which thus becomes one of the best-dated sculpted lions of the Classical period. My contextual analysis of the monument reaffirms the notoriously oligarchic orientation of Theban politics. It also prompts a re-examination of other funerary lions, most notably its regional successor in the lion of Chaironeia. It concludes with a reflection on the nature of individual versus collective commemorative practices.
The settlement of Yauna, ‘Ionian’ identity and the Greek presence on the Syrian coast in the second half of the eighth century BC: a reassessment of two letters from the Nimrud correspondence
Authors: Radner Karen , Vacek Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe offer a reassessment of two letters from the state correspondence of Tiglath-pileser III of Assyria (r. 744–727 BC) with the earliest references to a town called Yauna and a people called the Yauneans, as encountered on the eastern Mediterranean coast by the newly established imperial administration. Past scholarship connected these Assyrian terms with the ethnonym ‘Ionians’ and/or the toponym ‘Ionia’. The study narrows down the location of Yauna, drawing also on a review of the coastal sites that have produced Greek ceramic imports: although identification remains elusive, Yauna was certainly situated in the territory of the kingdom of Hamath, and later the Assyrian province of Ṣimirra. Discussion of the historical and cultural background of Yauna’s foundation highlights its significance for the ‘transfer debate’ and the phenomenon of the ‘Greeks overseas’. We argue that the Assyrians first encountered the Yauneans in this locality and that, to them, they were originally simply the inhabitants of Yauna. Due to the similarities perceived between them and (other?) Greeks appearing in the eastern Mediterranean, the Assyrians came to apply the ethnonym universally to all these people, who eventually adopted it for themselves. Thus, we support the argument that the term ‘Ionian’ originated in external nomenclature.
New Angles on Whiteness and the Making of the Modern World
Authors: Woollacott Angela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThese four new books on whiteness show its continuing vitality as a scholarly field, while broadening its purview to encompass North America, Africa, India and Australia from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. Thematically they draw together the Enlightenment, intellectual and affective history, gender, economics, the field of international relations, labour and immigration. All will help us to combat white supremacy.
The Construction of Consent for High-altitude Resettlement in Tibet
Authors: Nyima Yonten , Yeh Emily T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 2018, the Tibet Autonomous Region began resettling pastoralists from high-altitude areas to newly built settlements in distant, lower-altitude farming locations under the “extremely high-altitude ecological resettlement” programme, with a stated dual purpose of environmental protection and improving pastoralist well-being. The programme is said to be based on a principle of “government guidance and voluntary participation.” However, despite its stated “voluntary” nature, the government reports a 100 per cent rate of agreement to participate. After examining the ecological rationales for resettlement and pastoralists’ reluctance to move owing to livelihood concerns and attachment to homeland, the article examines how consent is achieved. Based on official documents and reports as well as semi-structured interviews with officials and pastoralists in Nagchu Municipality, the core target area for the programme, the article identifies a three-step “thought-work” oriented process – beginning with an initial survey, followed by group incentives and warnings and then individual incentives and warnings – which is deployed until pastoralists sign a resettlement agreement. The process illustrates the dialectical relationship between coercion and consent.
Investigating European Cities in the Modern Age through the Lens of the Global Urban History Approach
Authors: Camerin Federico 
Published: March 2023

This review article focuses on two key developments in urban history. The first is that the new transnational approach to urban history is significantly advancing the field and the second is that within the European context an important new emphasis is being placed on Eastern and Southern Europe. As claimed by Claus Møller Jørgensen in his review of nineteenth-century transnational urban history:
transnational urban history entails a measure of comparative work to find commonalities as hints of connections . . . The enlargement of scale and the search for connections does add new perspectives to urban history and produces new knowledge . . . Focusing on cities as the location of transnational processes of modernity brings urban place more centrally into discussions of national space and national histories.1
MBCT training in IAPT: the experience of the first UK government funded teacher training programme
Authors: Marx Robert , Menzies Pippa , Symon Richard , Turner Sally , Pound Amy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper reports on the experience of the first cohort of cognitive behaviour therapists completing the first delivery of a UK government-funded mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) teacher-training. Trainees completed a new curriculum approved by NHS England and commissioned by Health Education England (HEE) that enabled them to teach MBCT in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services in England and to meet the criteria for registration for the British Association of Mindfulness-Based Approaches (BAMBA). The components of the training are described. Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods were used to assess the experiences of those trainees who completed that training. High levels of satisfaction were reported and the ‘embodiment’ of the trainers and supervisors was flagged as particularly significant. The retreat was experienced as a core component of the training that helped deepen mindfulness practice. Various challenges were identified, including from the retreat, technical difficulties and challenges with completion for a minority of trainees. Learning from the difficulties and responses to them are reported.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the experience of trainees on an MBCT training programme for CBT therapists in Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services in England.

(2)
To identify key features of a training for CBT therapists that were experienced as helping or hindering learning.

(3)
To understand the content and issues involved in delivering a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training.
New Insights on Ground Deformation at Campi Flegrei Caldera Inferred From Kinematics and Dynamics Investigation of Borehole Tilt
Authors: Falanga M. , Aquino I. , De Lauro E. , Petrosino S. , Ricco C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study of the ground deformation in active calderas provides valuable indications of the ongoing dynamical processes. In this framework, we analyze the borehole tiltmeter data recorded at Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy) from their first installation (1 April 2015), in order to retrieve the kinematics of the ground deformation and its main anomalies. Our approach involves the nonlinear dynamics analysis aimed at the identification of the degrees of freedom of the system and thus its complexity. Starting from the second part of the year 2020, the behavior of the dynamical system becomes collective, and a locally significant deviation of the deformative pattern from the background trend is observed. In particular, a series of 15 slow tilt variations (like jumps lasting a few days) appears in the ground deformation. They are associated with a very low‐dimensional system likely generated by a local second‐order source. The latter is related to fluid migration and it is superimposed on the primary one located in Pozzuoli town and driving the current uplift of Campi Flegrei. The effects of such a local, second‐order stress field are, indeed, evident in the area of the volcanic dome of Mt. Olibano, where they are measured as tilt steps. The superposition of primary and second‐order sources of deformation acting contemporaneously can justify the recent variations in geophysical and geochemical parameters. Our approach based on the joint dynamical and kinematical analyses of the tiltmeter data can be applied to other volcanic/tectonic areas or extended to other geophysical and geochemical variables.
Socioecological Predicament on Global Steeply Sloped Cropland
Authors: Wang Ling , Xu Baodong , Zhao Jinsong , Li Cai , Zeng Yi , Niu Yuhua , Yu Shuxia , Wang Zhen , Shi Zhi‐Hua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCropland on steep slopes is crucial for smallholders to maintain food security and their livelihoods, but the social‐ecological predicament on global steeply sloped cropland is largely overlooked and remains unclear. Here we find that global steeply sloped cropland supports ∼168 million people's livelihoods. Large disparities in population pressure on steeply sloped cropland exist across the development spectrum, among which lower‐middle‐income countries have the highest population density (∼222 per km2) and low‐income countries have the largest population growth rate (∼62.1% from 2000 to 2020). Moreover, inhabitants of steeply sloped cropland, especially those belonging to low‐income countries, are marginalized from public services and face more environmental pressure represented by severe soil erosion and low cropland productivity. Our findings imply that residents of steeply sloped cropland deserve more attention to eradicate global poverty and inequality.
Sahel Droughts Induced by Large Volcanic Eruptions Over the Last Millennium in PMIP4/Past1000 Simulations
Authors: Villamayor J. , Khodri M. , Fang S.‐W. , Jungclaus J. H. , Timmreck C. , Zanchettin D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work provides evidence of the influence of large volcanic eruptions on Sahel rainfall relying on PMIP4/past1000 multi‐model simulations, covering the last millennium. A classification of volcanic eruptions in the last millennium according to the meridional symmetry of the associated radiative forcing reveals different mechanisms of the West African Monsoon response at inter‐annual timescale. In all cases, these simulated changes result in Sahel drying up to 2 years after an eruption. Besides, we add evidence of a role of varying volcanic activity across the past millennium in the Sahel precipitation variability at multi‐decadal to secular timescales.
Intermittent Upwelling Events Trigger Delayed, Major, and Reproducible Pico‐Nanophytoplankton Responses in Coastal Oligotrophic Waters
Authors: Fuchs R. , Rossi V. , Caille C. , Bensoussan N. , Pinazo C. , Grosso O. , Thyssen M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPico‐nanophytoplankton organisms are dominant in oceanic oligotrophic areas but their adaptive growth rates make their contribution to the carbon cycle difficult to estimate. Here we address their response capacities after sporadic wind gusts causing upwelling events in a coastal Mediterranean station. When the water column is stratified, corresponding to oligotrophic conditions, these events generate intense short‐lived nutrient pulses and seawater temperature drops lasting 6 days on average with decreases up to 10°C. Using an automated flow cytometer and statistical rupture‐detection methods, we characterize the responses of five pico‐nanophytoplankton functional groups at a two‐hour frequency from September 2019 to November 2021. These events trigger delayed increases in both abundances and biomasses following similar patterns for most groups that can overpass spring bloom values, and are immediately followed by an overall decrease, suggesting a clear physical driver. These submesoscale events, due to their short duration, are poorly represented in coastal carbon budgets.