bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-extremal, α′-corrected black holes in 5-dimensional heterotic superstring theory
Authors: Cano Pablo A. , Ortín Tomás , Ruipérez Alejandro , Zatti Matteo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We compute the first-order α′ corrections of the non-extremal Strominger-Vafa black hole and its non-supersymmetric counterparts in the framework of the Bergshoeff-de Roo formulation of the heterotic superstring effective action. The solution passes several tests: its extremal limit is the one found in an earlier publication and the effect of a T duality transformation on it is another solution of the same form with T dual charges. We compute the Hawking temperature and Wald entropy showing that they are related by the first law and Smarr formula. On the other hand, these two contain additional terms in which the dimensionful parameter α′ plays the role of thermodynamical variable.
Modular graph forms from equivariant iterated Eisenstein integrals
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Doroudiani Mehregan , Drewitt Joshua , Hidding Martijn , Kleinschmidt Axel , Matthes Nils , Schlotterer Oliver , Verbeek Bram 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes at genus one introduces infinite families of non-holomorphic modular forms called modular graph forms. Their differential and number-theoretic properties motivated Brown’s alternative construction of non-holomorphic modular forms in the recent mathematics literature from so-called equivariant iterated Eisenstein integrals. In this work, we provide the first validations beyond depth one of Brown’s conjecture that equivariant iterated Eisenstein integrals contain modular graph forms. Apart from a variety of examples at depth two and three, we spell out the systematics of the dictionary and make certain elements of Brown’s construction fully explicit to all orders.
Gravitational orbits, double-twist mirage, and many-body scars
Authors: Dodelson Matthew , Zhiboedov Alexander 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We explore the implications of stable gravitational orbits around an AdS black hole for the boundary conformal field theory. The orbits are long-lived states that eventually decay due to gravitational radiation and tunneling. They appear as narrow resonances in the heavy-light OPE when the spectrum becomes effectively continuous due to the presence of the black hole horizon. Alternatively, they can be identified with quasi-normal modes with small imaginary part in the thermal two-point function. The two pictures are related via the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis. When the decay effects can be neglected the orbits appear as a discrete family of double-twist operators. We investigate the connection between orbits, quasi-normal modes, and double-twist operators in detail. Using the corrected Bohr-Sommerfeld formula for quasi-normal modes, we compute the anomalous dimension of double-twist operators. We compare our results to the prediction of the light-cone bootstrap, finding perfect agreement where the results overlap. We also compute the orbit decay time due to scalar radiation and compare it to the tunneling rate. Perturbatively in spin, in the light-cone bootstrap framework double-twist operators appear as a small fraction of the Hilbert space which violate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, a phenomenon known as many-body scars. Nonperturbatively in spin, the double-twist operators become long-lived states that eventually thermalize. We briefly discuss the connection between perturbative scars in holographic theories and known examples of scars in the condensed matter literature.
In silico analysis decodes transthyretin (TTR) binding and thyroid disrupting effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Authors: Dharpure Rupal , Pramanik Subrata , Pradhan Ajay 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTransthyretin (TTR) is a homo-tetramer protein involved in the transport of thyroid hormone (thyroxine; T4) in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Many pollutants have been shown to bind to TTR, which could be alarming as disruption in the thyroid hormone system can lead to several physiological problems. It is also indicated that the monomerization of tetramer and destabilization of monomer can lead to amyloidogenesis. Many compounds are identified that can bind to tetramer and stabilize the tetramer leading to the inhibition of amyloid fibril formation. Other compounds are known to bind tetramer and induce amyloid fibril formation. Among the pollutants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known to disrupt the thyroid hormone system. The molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone disruption could be diverse, as some are known to bind with thyroid hormone receptors, and others can bind to membrane transporters. Binding to TTR could also be one of the important pathways to alter thyroid signaling. However, the molecular interactions that drive thyroid-disrupting effects of long-chain and short-chain PFASs are not comprehensively understood at the molecular level. In this study, using a computational approach, we show that carbon chain length and functional group in PFASs are structural determinants, in which longer carbon chains of PFASs and sulfur-containing PFASs favor stronger interactions with TTR than their shorter-chained counterparts. Interestingly, short-chain PFAS also showed strong binding capacity, and the interaction energy for some was as close to the longer-chain PFAS. This suggests that short-chain PFASs are not completely safe, and their use and build-up in the environment should be carefully regulated. Of note, TTR homologs analysis suggests that thyroid-disrupting effects of PFASs could be most likely translated to TTR-like proteins and other species.
Outcomes of Cardiac Gunshot Injuries Presenting at an Urban Trauma Facility in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Moeng Maeyane S. , Makhadi Shumani , Molewa Mbavhalelo C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundGunshot wounds to the heart are regarded as one of the most lethal penetrating injuries. There has been an increase in gunshot wounds to the chest in our institution in recent years. Injuries to the heart caused by gunshot wounds can be challenging, with patients arriving in hospital in different physiological states. We report our trauma unit's experience with civilian gunshot wounds to the heart.MethodsA retrospective review from January 2005 till December 2018 of those 18 years of age and above who presented to our hospital with penetrating cardiac injuries over eight years was done. Those who presented with a carotid pulse and a cardiac rhythm were included in the study. Blood pressure of less than 90 mmHg was considered as haemodynamic instability. Demographics, physiological parameters, injuries sustained, preferred surgical access to the chest, and type of surgery were analysed. The complications during their hospital stay and outpatient clinic were documented. The incidences of in‐hospital mortality were also noted. Descriptive statistics with STATA version 15 were conducted. A p‐value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 37 patients were enroled in the study; four were excluded for incomplete data. All presented directly from the scene, with a median age of 30 (IQR 24–36). Haemodynamic instability was in 64% of the cases. The most common injured chamber was the right ventricle (75.7%). There were only two complications recorded; local wound sepsis and empyema. All survivors received a post‐surgical echocardiogram. The overall survival rate was 18.9% (n = 7). Of the ten that required emergency room thoracotomy, only one survived to discharge.ConclusionGunshot wounds to the heart have a mortality rate greater than 80% in those arriving alive. Only one in ten of those who meet the strict criteria for emergency room thoracotomy survive hospitalisation. The local complication rate was low.
Pandemieassoziierte Konsequenzen und Unterstützungsbedarf
Authors: Bendau Antonia , Plag Jens , Schulz Luise , Petzold Moritz Bruno , Ströhle Andreas 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die COVID-19-Pandemie geht potenziell mit zahlreichen Veränderungen im Leben der Allgemeinbevölkerung einher. Dennoch gibt es bisher kaum Befunde dazu, welche Auswirkungen als besonders gravierend und negativ erlebt wurden, wie sich diese Auswirkungen und ihre Bewertungen im Verlauf der Pandemie änderten, und welche Unterstützungswünsche in diesem Kontext entstanden.

Methode
Längsschnittliche Daten einer Onlinestudie mit 10 Messzeitpunkten über die ersten 2 Jahre der Pandemie (März 2020 bis April 2022) wurden in einer Mixed-methods-Analyse betrachtet. Die Stichprobe aus 8337 Erwachsenen der Allgemeinbevölkerung in Deutschland beantwortete qualitative Freitextfragen zu den gravierendsten Konsequenzen der Pandemie auf ihr Leben sowie Unterstützungswünschen. Quantitativ wurden zudem die Bewertung der Konsequenzen im Pandemieverlauf und ihre Assoziationen mit psychischer Belastung betrachtet.

Ergebnisse
Die erlebten Konsequenzen und insbesondere ihre Bewertung veränderten sich im Pandemieverlauf. Sozial-gesellschaftliche und das allgemeine Leben betreffende Konsequenzen wurden im Schnitt besonders gravierend und negativ erlebt. Negativer erlebte Konsequenzen waren quer- und teilweise auch längsschnittlich mit stärkeren Angst- und depressiven Symptomen assoziiert. Psychotherapeutische sowie evaluativ-kommunikative Unterstützung wurde im Pandemiekontext besonders häufig erbeten.

Schlussfolgerungen
Subjektiv negativ erlebte Konsequenzen sollten möglichst durch adäquate Maßnahmen abgemildert werden. Die dynamischen Veränderungen der Konsequenzen und damit auch des Unterstützungsbedarfs im Pandemieverlauf sollten berücksichtigt werden. Die Unterstützungsmöglichkeiten reichen von sehr niedrigschwelligen Angeboten (z. B. Tipps online) bis hin zu einer Psychotherapie.
Vorhofflimmern beim Sportler
Authors: Adukauskaite Agne , Stühlinger Markus 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungHintergrundBei Freizeit- und Spitzensportlern nimmt die Inzidenz von Vorhofflimmern (VHF) abhängig von der Intensität der sportlichen Belastung im Mittel um das 2,5-Fache zu. Die Festlegung einer genauen Dauer bzw. der Belastungsintensität, ab welcher das VHF-Risiko erhöht wird, ist allerdings schwierig. Die pathophysiologischen Mechanismen der Flimmerarrhythmie bei Athlet:innen setzen sich aus Pulmonalvenen-Ektopien als Trigger, myokardialen Veränderungen wie Fibrose und Remodeling-Prozessen und Modulatoren wie die Veränderungen des autonomen Nervensystems zusammen. Aber auch der gastroösophageale Reflux scheint eine wichtige Rolle zu spielen.Material und MethodenDie Diagnose eines Vorhofflimmerns erfolgt klassischerweise mittels 12-Kanal- oder Holter-EKG, Arrhythmie-Aufzeichnungen auf Brustgurten und Pulsuhren sind für die Differenzierung der Arrhythmie nicht ausreichend. Wearables mit der Möglichkeit einer EKG-Aufzeichnung können aber ebenfalls zum Screening eingesetzt werden. Auf eine VHF-Dokumentation bei Sportler:innen sollte zunächst eine Trainingspause und eine genaue kardiologische auch mögliche nichtkardiale Diagnostik erfolgen. Danach ist die Evaluierung einer oralen Antikoagulation von Bedeutung. Antiarrhythmische Dauertherapien werden von Sportler:innen meist nicht toleriert oder gewünscht. Daher kommt als therapeutische Möglichkeiten meist nur einePill-in-the-pocket-Therapie mit einem Antiarrhythmikum oder aber eine Katheterablation in Frage.
Hepeliviruses in two waterbodies in Berlin, Germany
Authors: Zell Roland , Groth Marco , Selinka Lukas , Selinka Hans-Christoph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe order Hepelivirales comprises RNA viruses of four families (Alphatetraviridae, Benyviridae, Hepeviridae, and Matonaviridae). Sequencing of virus genomes from water samples from the Havel River and the Teltow Canal (Teltowkanal) in Berlin, Germany, revealed 25 almost complete and 68 partial genomes of viruses presumably belonging to the order Hepelivirales. Only one of these viruses exhibited a relationship to a known member of this order. The members of one virus clade have a polymerase with a permuted order of the conserved palm subdomain motifs resembling the polymerases of permutotetraviruses and birnaviruses. Overall, our study further demonstrates the diversity of hepeliviruses and indicates the enzootic prevalence of hepeliviruses in unknown hosts.
Landwirtschaftlicher Wasserhaushalt im Polder Scheidgraben (Brandenburg)
Authors: Drastig Katrin , Schmidtke Lea , Jacobs Helen , Recker Martin 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungEin prognostizierter erhöhter Wasserbedarf für die Bewässerungslandwirtschaft im Zuge des Klimawandels und drohenden längeren Trockenperioden stellt für die Verfügbarkeit der Grundwasserressourcen in Deutschland eine Herausforderung dar. Es ist abzusehen, dass die Landwirtschaft zukünftig noch stärker Grundwasserressourcen für die Bewässerung von Agrarflächen nutzen wird. In der vorliegenden Studie wird das nutzbare Grundwasserdargebot den Wassermengen für landwirtschaftliche Bewässerung im Polder Scheidgraben (Brandenburg) gegenübergestellt. Der landwirtschaftliche Wasserbedarf wird mithilfe des AgroHyd-Farmmodels für vier Jahre (2017–2020) schlagweise modelliert. Als Datengrundlage werden Klima, Boden- und pflanzenspezifische Daten verwendet und Betriebsdaten von vier Betrieben einbezogen. In den betrachteten trockenen Jahren 2018 und 2019 werden mehr als 20 % des potenziellen nutzbaren Wasserdargebots für die Bewässerung genutzt. Die Nutzung der Wasserressourcen durch die landwirtschaftliche Wasserentnahme in dem Gebiet kann zukünftig zunehmend ein Problem darstellen. In einigen Regionen Brandenburgs sind regionalspezifische Berechnungen für das Wassermanagement nötig, da es zu vielfältigen Konflikten und damit zu stetig wachsenden Herausforderungen für die Wasserbehörden kommt.
The art of Buddhist connectivity: Organic rice farming in Thailand
Authors: Limprapoowiwattana Chanatporn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article analyses the interplay between the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) standard, Buddhist socio-economic imaginaries, and values within the global production network (GPN) of organic rice. It asks, “How do transnational standardisation and local values interact in the global production network of organic rice?” Little research has been conducted on the imaginaries and values embedded in the GPNs of organic food. This research aims to fill this gap by examining the transition to organic agriculture among two prominent organic rice farming communities in Thailand, namely the Naso Producer Group and the Ban Thap Thai Organic Agricultural Cooperative. The article draws on a combination of desk research; interviews with governmental and non-governmental officials, standard experts/certifiers, and representatives of the IFOAM; focus group discussions and photo-elicitation sessions with organic rice farmers; on-site observations; and participant observations of mindfulness meditation courses and interviews with Buddhist monks. The results show that Buddhist socio-economic imaginaries have informed the way in which Thai organic rice farmers reconnect to their arable land through an organic farming method, enabling them to live meaningfully and mindfully. This implies that the connectivity of the GPNs of organic rice is not created purely by standards and certifications formulated by transnational private actors; rather, it is also shaped to a large extent by community values and shifts in local mindsets. This article contributes to the literature on food philosophy in the developing world and the governance of the GPNs of organic rice.
Size effects on the mixed modes and defect modes for a nano-scale phononic crystal slab
Authors: Jin Jun , Hu Ningdong , Hu Hongping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe size-dependent band structure of an Si phononic crystal (PnC) slab with an air hole is studied by utilizing the non-classic wave equations of the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT). The three-dimensional (3D) non-classic wave equations for the anisotropic material are derived according to the differential form of the NSGT. Based on the the general form of partial differential equation modules in COMSOL, a method is proposed to solve the non-classic wave equations. The bands of the in-plane modes and mixed modes are identified. The in-plane size effect and thickness effect on the band structure of the PnC slab are compared. It is found that the thickness effect only acts on the mixed modes. The relative width of the band gap is widened by the thickness effect. The effects of the geometric parameters on the thickness effect of the mixed modes are further studied, and a defect is introduced to the PnC supercell to reveal the influence of the size effects with stiffness-softening and stiffness-hardening on the defect modes. This study paves the way for studying and designing PnC slabs at nano-scale.
Monogenic Causes in Familial Stroke Across Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Ischemic Stroke Subtypes Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing
Authors: Chang Li-Hsin , Chi Nai-Fang , Chen Chun-Yu , Lin Yung-Shuan , Hsu Shao-Lun , Tsai Jui-Yao , Huang Hui-Chi , Lin Chun-Jen , Chung Chih-Ping , Tung Chien-Yi , Jeng Chung-Jiuan , Lee Yi-Chung , Liu Yo-Tsen , Lee I-Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhole exome sequencing (WES) has been used to detect rare causative variants in neurological diseases. However, the efficacy of WES in genetic diagnosis of clinically heterogeneous familial stroke remains inconclusive. We prospectively searched for disease-causing variants in unrelated probands with defined familial stroke by candidate gene/hotspot screening and/or WES, depending on stroke subtypes and neuroimaging features at a referral center. The clinical significance of each variant was determined according to the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines. Among 161 probands (mean age at onset 53.2 ± 13.7 years; male 63.4%), 33 participants (20.5%) had been identified with 19 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (PVs; WES applied 152/161 = 94.4%). Across subtypes, the highest hit rate (HR) was intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH, 7/18 = 38.9%), particularly with the etiological subtype of structural vasculopathy (4/4 = 100%, PVs in ENG, KRIT1, PKD1, RNF213); followed by ischemic small vessel disease (SVD, 15/48 = 31.3%; PVs in NOTCH3, HTRA1, HBB). In contrast, large artery atherosclerosis (LAA, 4/44 = 9.1%) and cardioembolism (0/11 = 0%) had the lowest HR. NOTCH3 was the most common causative gene (16/161 = 9.9%), presenting with multiple subtypes of SVD (n = 13), ICH (n = 2), or LAA (n = 1). Importantly, we disclosed two previously unreported PVs, KRIT1 p.E379* in a familial cerebral cavernous malformation, and F2 p.F382L in a familial cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The contribution of monogenic etiologies was particularly high in familial ICH and SVD subtypes in our Taiwanese cohort. Utilizing subtype-guided hotspot screening and/or subsequent WES, we unraveled monogenic causes in 20.5% familial stroke probands, including 1.2% novel PVs. Genetic diagnosis may enable early diagnosis, management and lifestyle modification.
Graphical Abstract
Among 161 familial stroke probands, 33 (20.5%) had been identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic monogenic variants related to stroke. The positive hit rate among all subtypes was high in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic small vessel disease (SVD). Notably, two previously unreported variants, KRIT1 p.E379* in a familial cerebral cavernous malformation and F2 p.F382L in familial cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, were disclosed. CVT cerebral venous thrombosis; HTN Hypertensive subtype; LAA large artery atherosclerosis; SV structural vasculopathy; U Undetermined.
The Right to Water and Sustainable Consumption in EU Law
Authors: Benöhr I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe right to water has gathered momentum in recent years in Europe, having become the subject of the first European citizens’ initiative and emerging as a human right. The right to water, however, is in constant, and not always linear, evolution as it faces fundamental trade-offs; on the one hand, access to clean and affordable water is essential to ensure a basic standard of living. On the other, water is an increasingly limited resource, so unfettered access to it increases the threat of scarcity and pollution. This article examines the interplay between the right to water and sustainable consumption objectives, exploring how innovation in regulation and best practice could reduce the risks to health and water scarcity. As water regulation affects multiple areas of law, the article will examine the right to water and sustainable consumption from a human rights’ angle and taking a consumer law and environmental protection perspective. A particular focus will be on the Water Framework Directive and the recently revised Drinking Water Directive, examining incentives that promote water rights and sustainable water use. Key regulatory instruments will be evaluated, ranging from information and education tools to economic and social incentives. Finally, the article will propose new measures to align the right to water with the objective of sustainable consumption.
Tournaments and even graphs are equinumerous
Authors: Royle Gordon F. , Praeger Cheryl E. , Glasby S. P. , Freedman Saul D. , Devillers Alice 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA graph is called odd if there is an orientation of its edges and an automorphism that reverses the sense of an odd number of its edges and even otherwise. Pontus von Brömssen (né Andersson) showed that the existence of such an automorphism is independent of the orientation and considered the question of counting pairwise non-isomorphic even graphs. Based on computational evidence, he made the rather surprising conjecture that the number of pairwise non-isomorphic even graphs on n vertices is equal to the number of pairwise non-isomorphic tournaments on n vertices. We prove this conjecture using a counting argument with several applications of the Cauchy–Frobenius theorem.
Does Poverty Affect Early Language in 2-year-old Children in Germany?
Authors: Karwath Claudia , Attig Manja , von Maurice Jutta , Weinert Sabine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrevious studies reported negative effects of financial deprivation on child development during early childhood. As already shown, child development, in particular language development, is associated with family background, e.g., educational level. However, less is known about the impact of (restricted) financial resources on early language skills. Therefore, the present study investigates whether family income, measured as a metric variable by net equivalence income, and poverty, operationalized as income groups based on official income thresholds, impact vocabulary and grammar skills of 2-year-old children even when taking the educational level of the mother as well as aspects of the home-learning environment (joint picture book reading) and other relevant variables into account. Drawing on a German sample ofN = 1782, we found that especially poverty is significantly associated with early language skills over and above maternal education and joint picture book reading. Hence, our results indicate the relevance to consider the effect of (restricted) financial resources and especially poverty on child development during early childhood additionally to other indicators of social background.