bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards parameter estimation in global hydrological models
Authors: Kupzig Jenny , Reinecke Robert , Pianosi Francesca , Flörke Martina , Wagener Thorsten 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Global hydrological models (GHMs) supply key information for stakeholders and policymakers simulating past, present and future water cycles. Inaccuracy in GHM simulations, i.e. simulation results that poorly match observations, leads to uncertainty that hinders valuable decision support. Improved parameter estimation is one key to more accurate simulations of global models. Here, we introduce an efficient and transparent way to understand the parameter control of GHMs to advance parameter estimation using global sensitivity analysis (GSA). In our analysis, we use the GHM WaterGAP3 and find that the most influential parameters in 50% of 347 basins worldwide are model parameters that have traditionally not been included when calibrating this model. Parameter importance varies in space and between metrics. For example, a parameter that controls groundwater flow velocity is influential on signatures related to the flow duration curve but not on traditional statistical metrics. Parameters linked to evapotranspiration and high flows exhibit unexpected behaviour, i.e. a parameter defining potential evapotranspiration influences high flows more than other parameters we would have expected to be relevant. This unexpected behaviour suggests that the model structure could be improved. We also find that basin attributes explain the spatial variability of parameter importance better than Köppen–Geiger climate zones. Overall, our results demonstrate that GSA can effectively inform parameter estimation in GHMs and guide the improvement of the model structure. Thus, using GSA to advance parameter estimation supports more accurate simulations of the global water cycle and more robust information for stakeholders and policymakers.
Carbon sequestration assessment and analysis in the whole life cycle of seaweed
Authors: Lian Yushun , Wang Rui , Zheng Jinhai , Chen WenXing , Chang Lirong , Li Cheng , Yim Solomon C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Methods for carbon sequestration are warranted to tackle climate change caused by greenhouse gases released from anthropogenic activities. Seaweed is a type of marine plant that utilizes carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and has a substantial capacity to sequestrate carbon. Despite the huge potential, the long-lasting carbon sequestration (LLCS) of seaweed has never been calculated throughout its whole life cycle (nursery, temporary rearing, maturation, harvesting, and processing). In this paper, we use a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to calculate the LLCS of seaweed, which can be understood as the difference between carbon fixation and released carbon throughout the life cycle of seaweed. Using kelp (Laminaria japonica) as an example of seaweed, the present study validates the procedure of calculating the LLCS of seaweed throughout its whole life cycle in Ailian Bay from nursery to processing into biochar (fertilizer) as the final product. The results showed that the carbon sequestration (full life cycle) of kelp in Ailian Bay was 97.73 g C m−2 year. Biomass carbon accounts for approximately 86% of the total value (982.53 g C m−2 year) of carbon absorption source of kelp in Ailian Bay, with the remaining 14% consisting of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon and sedimentary carbon. Moreover, we calculated the amount of biomass carbon that was sequestrated by seaweed production in China from 2010 to 2020. Thus, the present study demonstrates that the mass production of seaweed can be utilized as an efficient method to sequestrate carbon and a feasible method for evaluating the effect of kelp farms on climate change.
Changes in pH associated with temperature and salinity in the Banda Sea
Authors: Rugebregt M J , Opier R D A , Abdul M S , Triyulianti I , Kesaulya I , Widiaratih R , Sunuddin A , Kalambo Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Changes in pH can impact the biogeochemical processes of the ocean. Several variables, like temperature and salinity, can influence pH levels. This research aims to determine the relationship between pH, temperature, and the salinity of the Banda Sea. The Banda Sea lies in the path of The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), so temperature and salinity dynamics occur. Research is carried out in the Banda Sea in July 2022 at 5 (five) stations with multiple levels of depth. The measured parameter is the pH clicking using a pH meter, while the temperature and salinity using the Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD). The results obtained are the pH of the waters ranging from 7.3-7.8 with an average of 7.55. The temperature went from 4.76-27.34°C with an average water temperature of 16.98°C, where the lowest temperature was at 1000 meters. Salinity ranged from 33.19-34.98 PSU with an average of 34.46 PSU. pH and temperature were correlated at 0.892, meaning that temperature significantly affects changes in pH in the waters of the Banda Sea. The correlation between pH and salinity was 0.314, which means that salinity also involves changes in pH in the Banda Sea.
Nieuwerkerk - Emperor of China (NEC) Seamounts (Banda Sea): A multibeam seafloor imagery analysis
Authors: Febriawan H K , Nugroho A B , Alodia G , Hascaryo A , Fadillah A , Aryanto N C D , Haryanto D , Muljana B , Endyana C , Purba N P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A new multibeam dataset of Nieuwerkerk and Emperor of China (NEC) seamounts was acquired during the Jalacitra 2-2022 ”Banda” Expedition in the Banda Sea region. This study discusses a morphometric analysis of the seamounts based on a high-resolution bathymetry digital elevation model (DEM) and describes the morphometric features, namely: slope, profile curvature, and aspect. Morphological results indicate that the Nieuwerkerk seamount has an area of 2,416 km2 with a maximum peak elevation of approximately 3,460 m above the seabed and 357 m below the water surface. In the southwest of the Nieuwerkerk seamount, two new seamounts were discovered, which are still unnamed and seem morphologically connected to the Nieuwerkerk seamount. Each of the seamounts covers an area of 148 km2 and 220 km2, respectively, with a maximum peak elevation of approximately 2,338 m and 2,053 m above the seabed. Additionally, both seamounts have an elevation of 1,878 m and 2,017 m below the sea surface. Meanwhile, the Emperor of China seamount is located southwest of the three formerly mentioned seamounts, with the maximum peak seats at 2,165 m below the sea surface. Seamount C is located in the west of the surveyed area and it covers an area of 95.6 km2 with an elevation of 1,834 m above the seabed. The results of regression analysis indicate that all of the features could be used for the morphological classification.
Intra-urban vulnerability gap towards urban resilience in Covid19 pandemic (case of Surakarta greater urban, Indonesia)
Authors: Andini Isti , Rahayu Paramita , Putri Rufia A. , Rini Erma F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Urban areas have interaction characteristics that favor the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. The lifestyle of urban communities with higher close contact influences the speed of the spread of Covid19, which makes cities play an important role in the transmission of Covid19. Surgo Ventures’ Covid19 Community Vulnerability Index variable is used to analyze the community vulnerability in Surakarta Greater Urban. Statistics from government agencies were used to collect data on population, heterogeneity, housing conditions, health care systems, and environmental risks, which were then analyzed in the sub-district spatial unit. The findings show a close correlation between the aggregate value of the Covid19 Community Vulnerability Index (CCVI) and the rate of spread of Covid19 both in the city center and the urban fringe. However, the variable with the strongest correlation in the urban area differs from the variable in the urban fringe area. Furthermore, there are differences in vulnerability in urban communities. This demonstrates the need for different Covid19 handling strategies in different communities, despite the fact that they are all part of the same urban service system. The identification of these determinants may subsequently contribute to the design of cities that are better prepared for future pandemics.
Analysis DPSIR for the Strategic Environment Assessment in Planning Development in Agropolitan Areas and Minapolitan Areas in East Java
Authors: Idajati H , Umilia E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The development plan of Agropolitan and Minapolitan areas in the province of East Java is thought to pose a risk to the environment. Agropolitan/Minapolitan Area development will be followed by industrial sector development, increasing environmental risks such as environmental pollution, both air, soil and water due to waste from agricultural, aquaculture, and/or industrial activities, conversion of agricultural land and ponds, and destruction of other ecosystems. Policies, Plans and Programs (PPPs) Zoning planning and development in Agropolitan Areas and Minapolitan Areas in the form of production center zones, processing industry center zones, collection and distribution center zones is one of the PPPs that requires a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). This research was carried out at the zoning locations in East Java Province’s Agropolitan and Minapolitan areas. The purpose of this study is to determine how environmental influences and impacts are caused by Policies, Plans, and Programs (PPPs) planning and zoning development in Agropolitan Areas and Minapolitan Areas in East Java Province in the form of production center zones, processing industry center zones, collection and distribution center zones. Regional environmental analysis and policy evaluation are carried out using the analysis six contents of SEA and DPSIR (Driving Force – Pressure – State – Impact – Response) approach which it is a framework for organizing information and data on environmental conditions. The research results show that data on environmental conditions from PPPs planning and zoning development in the Agropolitan and Minapolitan Areas of East Java Province in the form of production center zones, processing industry center zones, collection and distribution center zones consist of D3TLH water is exceeded and has not been exceeded, environmental impact and risk, service performance or ecosystem services, level of vulnerability to climate change, resistance level and biodiversity potential, and estimated environmental risk impact. The research’s findings indicate that SEA is a very beneficial and effective ongoing usage of evaluation tools to provide solutions or recommendations based on an in-depth review process that includes mitigation and alternatives.
How do Public Policies impact Housing Provision? An empirical study of housing in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Nisa’ Rifka Qonitatun , Umilia Ema , Rahmawati Dian , Samsura D.A.A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Effective instruments are important to implement planning so that resources remain efficient, and the environmental balance is maintained for sustainable urban development. It has been a global problem that housing provision is often delayed due to various significant factors, on the other hand, the housing backlog is increasing in many urbanizing countries, including Indonesia. Furthermore, it impacts the imbalance in the housing market. There have been many policies to solve this problem, but limited we know how those contributes. This article aims to examine the impact of public policies on housing provision by taking samples in Surabaya. We use content analysis as a qualitative approach to analyse how public policies are implemented and influenced the housing provision represented by seven related variables. The result shows that the current regulations of housing provision that are effectively implemented in Surabaya include housing mortgage, taxation, local government regulations1. Meanwhile, other regulations or programs that are exist but has limited impact in Surabaya are the subsidized down payment program, liquidity facility for housing finance, and one million housing program. These empirical findings illustrate how public policies, both from the central government and local government, empirically affect the dynamics of the housing market, especially from the supply side. Further, we hope that these findings contribute to the global knowledge of housing provision in emerging countries and local housing practices in Surabaya, Indonesia.
Study of Morphological Character as Part of Rural-Urban Transect in Colo Tourism Area, Kudus District
Authors: Ariani N M , Wijaya M I H , Puspasari D A , Susanti R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tourism activities are one of the factors that encourage changes in land use and the face of the area. Changes in land use that are part of the morphological character of the area become the fundamental extent of changes that occur. Colo Kudus Tourism Area is a tourist area located at the edge of Mount Muria with types of natural and religious tourism. The tourism activities in this area are hidden. The image of this area eventually changed. The changes in the function of space and activities showcase that people are starting to accept new improvements in the area. This study adopts the Conzen theory, dividing the morphology into three aspects, namely land use, road, and building patterns. The spatial analysis explores the urban transect theory and indicates morphological changes in the Colo Kudus Tourism Area in three aspects, including land-use patterns, roads, and buildings. The results showed that this tourist area has a fairly clear morphological character although there are combinations and variations. Morphological characters on land use and building patterns indicate that Colo Village is included in the sub-urban zone (T3), while the road network shows that the study area leads to the sub-urban zone to general urban T3-T4.
Measurement of Sprawl Effect Based on Urban Growth Trends and Prediction in Kedungkandang District, Malang City
Authors: Hariyanto A D , Yudono A , Wicaksono A D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Urban development generally produces a specific type of urban growth that can be identified by looking at the pattern formed by the growth of occuring built-up area. Urban growth in some theories has three types of growth, namely infill, leapfrog and sprawl. Each type has logical consequences for environmental sustainability, such as leapfrog and sprawl which can lead to inefficient use of resources. This study focuses on measuring sprawl intensity based on urban growth trends or built-up area in Kedungkandang District from 2012 to 2020 and based on the results of urban growth or built-up area predictions from 2021 to 2036. Urban growth predictions are carried out using the Cellular Automata method, that there will be 975 hectares built-up land growth from 2016 to 2036. Then to measure the intensity of sprawl as a result of urban growth, the Shannon’s Entropy method is used with the result that the urban growth process in Kedungkandang District within 24 years tends to decrease in sprawl intensity by 50%. The results of this study are expected to provide insight and future views for the Government in dealing with urban growth in Kedungkandang District in the future.
Geometry and topological photonics
Authors: Silveirinha Mário G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Topological photonics provides a powerful framework to describe and understand many nontrivial wave phenomena in complex electromagnetic platforms. The topological index of a physical system is an abstract global property that depends on the family of operators that describes the propagation of Bloch waves. Here, we highlight that there is a profound geometrical connection between topological physics and the topological theory of mathematical surfaces. We show that topological band theory can be understood as a generalization of the topological theory of surfaces and that the genus of a surface can be regarded as a Chern number of a suitable operator defined over the surface. We point out some nontrivial implications of topology in the context of radiation problems and discuss why for physical problems the topological index is often associated with a bulk-edge correspondence.
Synthesis and antifungal activity of copper nanoparticles against Fusarium oxysporum pathogen of plants
Authors: Truong Hanh Thi , Nguyen Lan Chi Thuy , Quang Le Luan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor many decades, Cu2+ions have been used as fungicides in agriculture. However, the accumulation of Cu2+ions in the soil ecosystem will be disadvantage for environment. Thus, the substitution of copper nanoparticles for Cu2+ion is necessary to develop long-term efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective fungicides. In this study, the copper nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method of Cu2+with reductive agent of NaHB4in chitosan stabilizer. Characterizations of copper nanoparticles were determined by UV–vis spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X ray diffraction patterns and Transmission Electron Microscopy images. The antifungal efficacy of CuNPs was evaluated by testing againstFusarium oxysporumfungi at various concentrations from 20–100 ppm. The results revealed that copper nanoparticles samples inhibited significantly the growth ofFusarium oxysporumand the smaller diameter is, the higher antifungal efficacy is. The copper nanoparticles with 26.5 nm expressed an antifungal efficacy is higher than copper nanoparticles with 29 nm. The complete inhibition was observed at concentrations ≥ 80 ppm after 1 day and even 7 days of incubation for 2.0 CuNPs (26.5 nm) sample while fungi still survive on PDA plates containing 1.5 CuNPs (29 nm).
Association of genetic risk and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: interactions with early rhythm control in the EAST-AFNET4 trial
Authors: Kany Shinwan , Al-Taie Christoph , Roselli Carolina , Pirruccello James P , Borof Katrin , Reinbold Carla , Suling Anna , Krause Linda , Reissmann Bruno , Schnabel Renate B , Zeller Tanja , Zapf Antonia , Wegscheider Karl , Fabritz Larissa , Ellinor Patrick T , Kirchhof Paulus 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
The randomized Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial found that early rhythm control reduces cardiovascular events in patients with recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with usual care. How genetic predisposition to AF and stroke interacts with early rhythm-control therapy is not known.

Methods and results
Array genotyping and imputation for common genetic variants were performed. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for AF (PRS-AF) and ischaemic stroke risk (PRS-stroke). The effects of PRS-AF and PRS-stroke on the primary outcome (composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, and hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome or worsening heart failure), its components, and recurrent AF were determined.
A total of 1567 of the 2789 trial patients were analysed [793 randomized to early rhythm control; 774 to usual care, median age 71 years (65–75), 704 (44%) women]. Baseline characteristics were similar between randomized groups. Early rhythm control reduced the primary outcome compared with usual care [HR 0.67, 95% CI: (0.53, 0.84), P &lt; 0.001]. The randomized intervention, early rhythm control, did not interact with PRS-AF (interaction P = 0.806) or PRS-stroke (interaction P = 0.765). PRS-AF was associated with recurrent AF [HR 1.08 (01.0, 1.16), P = 0.047]. PRS-stroke showed an association with the primary outcome [HR 1.13 (1.0, 1.27), P = 0.048], driven by more heart failure events [HR 1.23 (1.05–1.43), P = 0.010] without differences in stroke [HR 1.0 (0.75, 1.34), P = 0.973] in this well-anticoagulated cohort. In a replication analysis, PRS-stroke was associated with incident AF [HR 1.16 (1.14, 1.67), P &lt; 0.001] and with incident heart failure in the UK Biobank [HR 1.08 (1.06, 1.10), P &lt; 0.001]. The association with heart failure was weakened when excluding AF patients [HR 1.03 (1.01, 1.05), P = 0.001].

Conclusions
Early rhythm control is effective across the spectrum of genetic AF and stroke risk. The association between genetic stroke risk and heart failure calls for research to understand the interactions between polygenic risk and treatment.

Registration
ISRCTN04708680, NCT01288352, EudraCT2010-021258-20, www.easttrial.org
High-sensitivity troponins and mortality in the general population
Authors: McEvoy John W , Daya Natalie , Tang Olive , Fang Michael , Ndumele Chiadi E , Coresh Josef , Christenson Robert H , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac troponin T and I can be measured using a number of high-sensitivity (hs) assays. This study aimed to characterize correlations between four such assays and test their comparative associations with mortality.

Methods and results
Among adults without cardiovascular disease in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, hs-troponin T was measured using one assay (Roche) and hs-troponin I using three assays (Abbott, Siemens, and Ortho). Cox regression was used to estimate associations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Pearson’s correlation coefficients comparing concentrations from each assay ranged from 0.53 to 0.77. There were 2188 deaths (488 cardiovascular) among 9810 participants. Each hs-troponin assay [log-transformed, per 1 standard deviation (SD)] was independently associated with all-cause mortality: hazard ratio (HR) 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.28] for Abbott hs-troponin I; HR 1.10 (95% CI 1.02–1.18) for Siemens hs-troponin I; HR 1.23 (95% CI 1.14–1.33) for Ortho hs-troponin I; and HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.21–1.42) for Roche hs-troponin T. Each hs-troponin assay was also independently associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.44 to 1.65 per 1 SD). Associations of hs-troponin T and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality remained significant after adjusting for hs-troponin I. Furthermore, associations of hs-troponin I remained significant after mutually adjusting for hs-troponin I from the other individual assays: e.g. cardiovascular mortality HR 1.46 (95% CI 1.19–1.79) for Abbott after adjustment for the Siemens assay and HR 1.29 (95% CI 1.09–1.53) for Abbott after adjustment for the Ortho assay.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates only modest correlations between hs-troponin T and three hs-troponin I assays and that hs-troponin I assays can provide distinct risk information for mortality in the general population.