bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Integrating Tobacco Dependence Treatment into Lung Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Pestka Deborah L. , Campbell Megan E. , Schmulewitz Naomi A. , Melzer Anne C. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction/objective: We qualitatively assessed current practices and perceived barriers surrounding the integration of tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) into lung cancer screening (LCS). Methods: Informed by the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model, we conducted semi-structured interviews with clinicians ( n = 18) at 6 Veterans Affairs medical centers in the Midwest. Results: TDT was usually addressed at an initial shared decision-making visit but often not with subsequent rounds of screening or nodule follow-up. No site was aware that any TDT-related outcomes were tracked within their program. While the LCS clinical reminders included some aspects of tobacco use (eg, tobacco pack-years), they did not support clinicians in offering TDT or capture outcomes and were perceived as “checkboxes to nowhere.” This was contrasted with other clinical reminders linked to dashboards that provide rolling feedback for important clinical outcomes (eg, diabetes care). Interviewees reported competing demands and limited expertise in motivational interventions as additional barriers. A dedicated team for TDT and a “one-click referral” were perceived as key success factors. Conclusions: TDT remains poorly integrated into LCS. Addressing identified barriers will require considerable investment in TDT resources and improvements to LCS tools to support the provision of cessation support.
Non-Operative Management for Patients With Spinal Ankylosing Disorders Presenting With Extension Type (AOSpine B3) Fractures-Our Experience with a Cohort of 40 Patients
Authors: Barkay Gal , Fernandes Joel , Strong David , Suttor Sean , Hartin Nathan , Gray Randolph 
Published: February 2025

Study Design Retrospective study. Background Non-operative treatment for patients with spinal ankylosing disorders presenting with extension type fractures (AOSpine B3) has been disregarded due to reports of poor outcomes including secondary fracture displacement and unacceptably high mortality rates. Recent studies have questioned the prevailing recommendation for surgical management, advocating for reconsideration of non-operative treatment in appropriate cases. We aim to further identify patient and radiographic factors favoring successful non-operative management. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from Royal North Shore Hospital spine consult database. Patients with AOSpine B3 fractures treated non-operatively between 2021-2023 were included. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were collected and assessed, including outcome analysis of specific fracture patterns. Results A total of 40 patients were treated non-operatively. 30 were deemed appropriate for non-operative management based on initial imaging assessment. Complications and 6-month mortality occurred in 13% of patients in this group. No patients failed non-operative management and good clinical and radiologic outcomes were observed in all patients on follow up. An additional 10 patients required surgery but were deemed medically unfit. Patients in this group were found to have a mortality rate of 80%. Conclusions Non-operative management appears feasible for selected patients with DISH and AOSpine B3 fractures of an osseous or osseous-discal pattern, without posterior vertebral wall/annulus involvement and an anterior opening of up to 6 mm. These findings suggest non-operative treatment with close clinical and radiological follow up for specific patients is a viable treatment method in this patient group.
Quality Improvement in General Dental Practice: Situational Analysis for the United Kingdom and Germany
Authors: Lin C. , Fehrer V. , O’Malley L. , Thompson W. , Listl S. , Lorenz M. , Byrne M. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Quality improvement (QI) is important in ensuring standards in oral health care. Despite the growing literature on quality indicators, audit, and feedback, the perceptions and expectations of oral health professionals toward QI remain unclear. Understanding these perspectives, barriers, and facilitators is important to effectively encourage and maintain QI activities in dental practices. This is the first of 6 publications in a series titled “Situational Analysis of QI in Oral Health Care in Europe.” Aim: This study aimed to investigate how QI was conducted and perceived in dental practices in the United Kingdom and Germany. Methods: A situational analysis, comprising desk research and semistructured interviews, was conducted. Data collection was conducted from May to October 2023. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit dental practice participants in the United Kingdom and Germany. Interviews and key texts were thematically analyzed to synthesize 3 maps: a situational map, a social world map, and a positional map. Results: Eighteen participants were interviewed, comprising dentists, dental hygienists, dental therapists, dental nurses, and practice managers. The participants described 6 competing positions surrounding QI: QI activities were expressed as being worthwhile or box-ticking exercises to satisfy regulators. Some felt that QI detracted from service delivery and should not be the role of the dentist, whereas others stressed the need for a whole-team approach. Some felt that patients were important to judge quality, whereas others felt quality in dentistry required understanding of technical processes beyond the reach of patients. Conclusion: This study provided insights into how QI activities were carried out in dental practices in the United Kingdom and Germany and how it is was perceived by those working in this environment. This study offers key observations into the situations, social worlds and arenas, and positions that influence QI in dental practices. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings from this study highlight several contextual barriers and facilitators to quality improvement in general dental practice. Understanding these determinants of quality improvement is relevant for oral health teams and dental practice managers who aim to develop and implement quality improvement strategies in dental practice.
Dietary Factors and Dental Caries among Adolescents: Eight-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Methuen M. , Kukkonen V.F. , Anttonen V. , Mikkonen S. , Väistö J. , Soininen S. , Närhi M. , Lakka T.A. , Suominen A.L. , Eloranta A.-M. 
Published: February 2025

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a longitudinal investigation of the associations between changes in dietary factors and changes in caries experience among Finnish children and adolescents participating in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study. Methods: Among 487 children included at baseline at the age of 6 to 8 y, 406 were reexamined at 2-y follow-up and 202 at 8-y follow-up. Food consumption, nutrient intake, and eating frequency were assessed using 4-d food records; diet quality was assessed using the Baltic Sea Diet Score; and eating behavior was evaluated using the Children’s and Adult’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaires. At baseline and 2-y follow-up, caries findings were recorded using the World Health Organization guidelines and at 8-y follow-up using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria. Generalized linear mixed-effects regression analyses were used. Results: Over 8 y from childhood to adolescence, improved diet quality (β = −0.017, P = 0.046) and increased consumption of butter and butter-oil mixtures (β = −0.009, P = 0.044) were associated with decreased caries experience. Increased number of snacks (β = 0.072, P = 0.032), increased consumption of sour milk products (β = 0.001, P = 0.039) and salty snacks (β = 0.006, P = 0.010), and increased calcium intake (β = 2.41 × 10−4, P = 0.022) were associated with increased caries experience. However, the latter association was explained by the consumption of sour milk products (β = 1.88 × 10−4, P = 0.090). Increased enjoyment of food was associated with decreased caries experience (β = −0.121, P = 0.046), and increased slowness in eating (β = 0.113, P = 0.051) and food fussiness (β = 0.140, P = 0.009) were associated with increased caries experience. Conclusions: A healthy diet is vital for oral health among children and adolescents. Dietary behaviors developing from childhood to adolescence seem to be associated with caries experience in adolescence. Dietary counseling aimed at improving dental health from childhood to adolescence should include avoiding frequent snacking, strengthening healthy eating behavior, and composing good overall diet quality. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Results of this longitudinal study showed how crucial a healthy diet is for oral health among growing children. Eating behaviors and enjoyment of food play also a role in maintaining good oral health. Research results can be used when planning dietary recommendations and health education for children and adolescents.
How Synthesis Tasks Are Affected by Probability Format: A Making Numbers Meaningful Systematic Review
Authors: Benda Natalie C. , Sharma Mohit M. , Ancker Jessica S. , Demetres Michelle , Delgado Diana , Johnson Stephen B. , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. 
Published: February 2025

Background. To develop guidance on the effect of data presentation format on communication of health probabilities, the Making Numbers Meaningful project undertook a systematic review. Purpose. This article, one in a series, covers evidence about a “synthesis task,” in which readers examine stimuli to synthesize information about multiple features of health options, such as chances of both harm and benefit for a treatment. This article presents evidence of the effect of format on perceptual, cognitive, affective, and behavioral outcomes. Data Sources. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, ERIC, ACM Digital Library; hand search of 4 journals. Finding Selection. Manual pairwise screening to identify experimental and quasi-experimental research comparing 2 or more formats for presenting quantitative health information to lay audiences. This article reports on 91 findings derived from 45 unique studies reported in 42 articles. Data Extraction. Pairwise extraction of information on stimulus (data in a data presentation format), cognitive task, and perceptual, affective, cognitive, or behavioral outcomes. Data Synthesis. Evidence was found about 6 outcomes: identification/recall, contrast, effectiveness perceptions/feelings, behavioral intentions/behavior, trust, and preference. No strong evidence was found. Moderate evidence suggests that for synthesis tasks, behavioral intention is not affected by whether the risk and benefit probabilities are in text or in tables, that people prefer tables to text for presenting this information, and that effectiveness feelings are not affected by whether or not numbers are supplemented by narratives. Limitations. Granular data extraction and evidence syntheses lead to narrow evidence statements. Conclusions. Current evidence on synthesis tasks is moderate strength at best. Future studies should enrich the evidence on how to present information needed to synthesize multiple features of health options, given the importance of this task. Highlights This study found a moderate number of studies assessing strategies for evaluating sets of probabilities conveying information such as risks and benefits. Evidence is moderate that although presenting sets of probabilities in table versus sentences may not affect behavioral intentions, people may prefer tables. Contrary to previous studies about probability feelings, moderate evidence suggested that narratives may not affect effectiveness feelings. Evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions regarding contrast, identification, and trust outcomes, and no studies assessed recall, categorization, computation, or discrimination outcomes.
How Time-Trend Tasks Are Affected by Probability Format: A Making Numbers Meaningful Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Mohit M. , Ancker Jessica S. , Benda Natalie C. , Johnson Stephen B. , Demetres Michelle , Delgado Diana , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. 
Published: February 2025

Background. To develop guidance on the effects of format on communication of health probabilities, the Making Numbers Meaningful team conducted a systematic review. Purpose. This article (one of a series) covers research on time-trend tasks, in which participants evaluate stimuli for information about probability trends, such as changing chances of cancer recurrence over time. Data Sources. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, ERIC, ACM Digital Library; hand search of 4 journals. Study Selection. We conducted independent dual screening to identify experimental or quasi-experimental research comparing 2 or more formats for presenting quantitative health information to lay audiences. This article reports on 11 findings from 6 unique studies. Data Extraction. Independent dual extraction of information on stimulus (data in a data presentation format), task, and perceptual, affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. Data Synthesis. We identified research on the impact of format on the following outcomes: contrast, computation, effectiveness perceptions, health behaviors and behavioral intentions, discrimination, and preference. Strong evidence suggests that graphing probability curves over longer (rather than shorter) time periods increases perceived differences between curves (effectiveness perception outcome). Weak evidence suggested 1) survival versus mortality curves do not affect perceived differences between curves or ability to perform computations, 2) survival curves may help people identify the option with the highest survival, and 3) graphing probabilities over longer time periods may not affect the ability to identify the highest survival. Limitations. Granular data extraction and evidence syntheses lead to narrow conclusions rather than broader statements. Conclusions. The very limited evidence available about probability time-trend tasks is primarily about the effects of framing (survival v. mortality curves) and the effects of using shorter versus longer time periods. Highlights This systematic review found that few studies of probability trend data compared similar formats or used comparable outcome measures. The only strong piece of evidence was that graphing probabilities over longer time periods such that the distance between curves widens will tend to increase the perceived difference between the curves. Weak evidence suggests that survival curves (versus mortality curves) may make it easier to identify the option with the highest overall survival. Weak evidence suggests that graphing probabilities over longer (rather than shorter) time periods may increase the ability to distinguish between small survival differences. Evidence was insufficient to determine whether any format influenced behaviors or behavioral intentions.
How Difference Tasks Are Affected by Probability Format, Part 2: A Making Numbers Meaningful Systematic Review
Authors: Benda Natalie C. , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. , Sharma Mohit M. , Johnson Stephen B. , Demetres Michelle , Delgado Diana , Ancker Jessica S. 
Published: February 2025

Background. To evaluate the effect of data presentation format on communication of health probabilities, the Making Numbers Meaningful team undertook a systematic review. Purpose. This article presents evidence about difference tasks, in which a reader examines information to evaluate differences between probabilities, such as the effect of a therapy on the chance of recurrence. This article covers the effect of format on 5 outcomes: 1) perceptions of or feelings about effectiveness, 2) behavioral intentions or behaviors, 3) trust, 4) preference for the format, and 5) discrimination. Data Sources. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, ERIC, ACM Digital Library; hand search. Finding Selection. Experimental/quasi-experimental studies comparing 2 or more formats for presenting quantitative health information. This article covers 205 findings from 101 unique studies reported in 84 articles. Data Extraction. Dual extraction of information on stimulus, task, and perceptual, affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. Data Synthesis. Evidence is moderate to strong that behavioral intention is affected more by relative differences than absolute ones, by numerator-only graphics than part-to-whole graphics, by messages with anecdotes than without, and by information about what others chose. Evidence is strong that perceived and felt effectiveness is affected more by relative differences than by absolute ones and more by numerator-only graphics rather than part-to-whole graphics. For graphic preferences, bar charts were preferred to icon arrays and graphics with data labels to graphics without. Other comparisons had weak or insufficient evidence. Limitations. The detailed approach to evidence syntheses provides narrowly targeted evidence rather than broad statements. Conclusions. Moderate to strong evidence can be derived on effects of probability difference format on behavioral intention, perceived or felt effectiveness, and preference for format. Highlights Communicating relative risk differences as opposed to absolute risk differences, using numerator-only instead of part-to-whole graphics, and including anecdotes or information about others’ decisions will all increase intentions to engage in a behavior. Relative risks (rather than absolute risk differences) and numerator-only graphics (rather than part-to-whole) will also increase felt and perceived effectiveness. To illustrate probability differences, people tend to prefer bar charts over icon arrays and graphics with labels over those without. All findings regarding the impact of different presentation formats for probability differences on trust produced insufficient evidence.
Anti-fibrotic effects of thrombin inhibition in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: Proof of concept
Authors: Bogatkevich Galina S , Huggins Terrill J , Ismail Ahmed A , Atanelishvili Ilia , Silver Richard M 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Activation of the coagulation cascade leading to generation of thrombin is well documented in various forms of lung injury including systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). We previously demonstrated that the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran inhibits thrombin-induced profibrotic signaling in lung fibroblasts isolated from scleroderma patients. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare lung fibroblasts from an SSc-ILD patient at baseline and after dabigatran treatment to ascertain this therapy’s differential effects on fibrogenic gene expression. Materials and methods: Lung fibroblasts isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from a SSc-ILD patient before and after receiving dabigatran (Pradaxa®) 75 mg twice daily for 6 months (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02426229) were analyzed by RNA sequencing, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT)-PCR, and immunofluorescent staining. Results: Thrombin inhibition for six-months by oral dabigatran resulted in significantly decreased expression of 708 lung fibroblast genes as compared to basal levels before dabigatran treatment. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, we determined that thrombin-inhibition by dabigatran primarily affected extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-related genes. Fibrosis-associated genes, including smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA, ACTA2), tenascin C, collagen 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), collagen 3 alpha1 (COL3A1), collagen 8 alpha 2 (COL8A2), collagen 10 alpha 1 (COL10A1), collagen 5 alpha 1 (COL5A1), fibronectin 1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and procollagen-lysine-2-oxoglutarate-5-dioxygenase-2 (PLOD2) were all significantly down regulated following thrombin inhibition by dabigatran treatment. Real-time qRT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining confirmed significant downregulation of the selected genes at the mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion: Inhibition of thrombin in this SSc-ILD patient treated with low-dose dabigatran etexilate downregulated profibrotic proteins in lung fibroblasts, providing further support for the use of thrombin inhibitors as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with SSc-ILD.
A smartphone-based intervention to decrease neuroticism: Protocol of the CHILL Study
Authors: Haehner Peter , Wright Amanda J. , Andrae Rosalie , Lubczyk Till , Rosero Betancourt Leyla A , Hopwood Christopher J. , Bleidorn Wiebke 
Published: February 2025

Many people worldwide want to be less neurotic. As lower levels of neuroticism predict a variety of positive life outcomes, including health, success, and relationship quality, interventions that help people to become less neurotic could have wide-ranging impacts. This study protocol describes the rationale and design of the CHILL (Changing How I Live Life) Study, which aims to test and evaluate a smartphone-based intervention to reduce neuroticism in the general public. The CHILL Study comprises four survey assessments spread over 5 months, a 6-week intervention phase, and two 1-week experience sampling phases without interventions. During the intervention phase, participants motivated to become less neurotic are randomized to four core treatment groups. These treatment groups differ in their employed intervention strategies that target different aspects and levels of neuroticism. The CHILL Study moves beyond existing volitional personality change research by testing which strategies most effectively decrease neuroticism and evaluating the longevity and generalizability of intervention-induced neuroticism change via peer-reports, implicit personality assessments, and a 7-week follow-up period. The goals of the CHILL Study are to generate an effective method for decreasing neuroticism and facilitating the development of a comprehensive theory of neuroticism change.
Identification through a transcriptomic approach of candidate genes involved in the adaptation of the cyst nematode Globodera pallida to the potato resistance factor GpaVvrn
Authors: Lechevalier Océane , Gazengel Kévin , Esquibet Magali , Fournet Sylvain , Grenier Eric , Daval Stéphanie , Montarry Josselin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Since the banning of chemical products used to control plant-parasitic nematode populations, the use of resistant plants has become the most effective management approach against the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida. However, some populations, from experimental evolution setups and field samplings, are able to overcome these resistances. Herein, a transcriptomics approach was used to disentangle the mechanisms by which G. pallida adapts to the plant resistant factor GpaV

vrn
, and to elucidate the functions involved in this adaptation.

Results
Differential gene expression analysis between virulent and avirulent lineages originating from experimental evolution experiments identified candidate genes involved in the adaptation to GpaV

vrn
. GO enrichment analyses showed that virulent lineages up-regulated genes involved in cell wall destruction and stress response compared to avirulent lineages. In virulent lineages, a set of genes was up-regulated later in the parasitism stages and are thus potentially involved in adaptation. These genes encode effectors of the VAP and SPRYSEC families contributing to the suppression of plant immunity.

Conclusion
These results will have a major impact on our understanding of the mechanisms by which nematodes adapt to resistant plants, and will contribute to identify effective and sustainable management strategies.