bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Probabilistic Simulation Framework to Assess the Impacts of Ridesharing and Congestion Charging in New York City
Authors: Khulbe Devashish , Kang Chaogui , Ukkusuri Satish , Sobolevsky Stanislav 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the holistic city-wide impact of planned transportation solutions and interventions is critical for decision making, but challenged by the complexity of the urban systems, as well as the quality of the available urban data. The cornerstone for such impact assessments is estimating the transportation mode-shift resulting from the intervention. Although transportation planning has well-established models for the mode-choice assessment such as a nested multinomial logit model, an individual choice simulation could be better suited for addressing the mode-shift allowing us to consistently account for individual preferences. Moreover, the available ground-truth data on the actual transportation choices is often incomplete or inconsistent. The present paper addresses those challenges by offering an individual mode-choice and mode-shift simulation model and the Bayesian inference framework, and demonstrates how impact assessments can be performed in the events of incomplete mobility data. It accounts for uncertainties in the data as well as the model estimate and translates them into uncertainties of the resulting mode-shift and the impacts. The framework is evaluated on the two intervention cases: introducing ride-sharing for-hire-vehicles in NYC as well the recent introduction of the Manhattan Congestion surcharge. It can be used to assess mode-shift and quantify the resulting economic, social and environmental implications for any urban transportation solutions and policies considered by decision-makers or transportation companies.
A COVID-19 Infection Prediction Model in Egypt Based on Deep Learning Using Population Mobility Reports
Authors: Khalifa Nour Eldeen , Mawgoud Ahmed A. , Abu-Talleb Amr , Taha Mohamed Hamed N. , Zhang Yu-Dong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe rapidly spreading COVID-19 disease had already infected more than 190 countries. As a result of this scenario, nations everywhere monitored confirmed cases of infection, cures, and fatalities and made predictions about what the future would hold. In the event of a pandemic, governments had set limit rules for the spread of the virus and save lives. Multiple computer methods existed for forecasting epidemic time series. Deep learning was one of the most promising methods for time-series prediction. In this research, we propose a model for predicting the spread of COVID-19 in Egypt based on deep learning sequence-to-sequence regression, which makes use of data on the population mobility reports. The presented model utilized a new combined dataset from two different sources. The first source is Google population mobility reports, and the second source is the number of infected cases reported daily “world in data” website. The suggested model could predict new cases of COVID-19 infection within 3–7 days with the least amount of prediction error. The proposed model achieved 96.69% accuracy for 3 days of prediction. This study is noteworthy since it is one of the first trials to estimate the daily influx of new COVID-19 infections using population mobility data instead of daily infection rates.
The effect of pandemics towards sustainable architectural evolution
Authors: Sumanti Anastasia Evangelista , Xian Gabriela Emilly , Novianto Didit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe pandemic has hit the world since 165 CE, which has impacted on how the planners, architects, and authorities responded to its condition until this era. Reviews of some building typologies are conducted to grasp how the space designs react to some of the world’s most significant pandemics during human civilization. First, a literature study on the world’s deadliest pandemics was con- ducted and listed the pandemics with a death toll of more than 1 million. As a result, the period of pandemics before 800 CE was found to have influenced the development of buildings, architecture, and cities in Rome to the Mediterranean and emerged the typology of Valetudinarium. Then, Lazzarettos appeared during the 1300 to 1800 CE pandemic period as the impact of global trade. In com- parison, the pandemics after the 1800 CE period are predicted to impact West- ern Architecture’s popularity and early modernization in Asia. Furthermore, after several flu pandemics in the early 19th century, humanity has recently faced a significant pandemic. This study has two main findings. The first one, regarding architectural evolution in responding to pandemics from early plagues to Small- pox and polio, identified the response for quarantine facilities. Second, regarding the answer in this era of the pandemic, the sustainability concept can accommo- date and present as architecture. The idea covers the pillars of sustainability.
Interactions Between Organic and Conventional Markets from Pest and Disease Outbreaks: The Case of the U.S. Apple Industry
Authors: Lim Hyun Jin , Gallardo R. Karina , Brady Michael P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe use a dynamic model of the U.S. apple industry separated into organic and conventional production to better measure the impacts of pest or disease outbreaks on producers and consumers, along with an equilibrium displacement model to simulate welfare effects from various shocks compared to a baseline. Our results show that the impacts of the outbreaks differ between organic and conventional production methods. Growers’ and consumers’ responses to shocks differ widely across the industry. Farmers and policy makers should use these findings to appropriately respond to different shocks and production methods.
Heterogeneous Effects of Agricultural Technology Adoption on Smallholder Household Welfare in Ghana
Authors: Addai Kwabena Nyarko , Temoso Omphile , Ng’ombe John N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study uses a marginal treatment effects approach and farm household rice survey data from Northern Ghana to examine the heterogeneous effects of agricultural technologies on household welfare. Results indicate significant heterogeneity in the gains from the adoption of improved rice technologies among farmers. We found significant evidence of a pattern of positive selection on unobserved gains from the adoption of agricultural technologies on rice yield and household dietary diversity scores (HDDS). Moreover, the policy-relevant treatment effects suggest that reducing the distance to sources of agricultural technologies increases rice yield and HDDS through technology adoption.
‘A Modest, but Peculiar Style’: Self-Fashioning, Atlantic Commerce, and the Culture of Adornment on the Urban Gold Coast
Authors: von Hesse Hermann W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThrough their participation in an unequal Atlantic commerce, African merchants on the Gold Coast consciously transformed their dress in ways that expressed their cultural dynamism and economic success in an increasingly interconnected world. In discussing the web of cross-cultural commercial exchanges between Africa, Asia, and Europe, this article moves away from the tendency to regard Africans who adorned themselves in imported European clothing and textiles as ‘creole’ or ‘Europeanized’ elites. Labels like these not only assume the existence of an African cultural essence, but (inadvertently) deny the dynamism that has always characterized African cultures prior to the Atlantic economy. In the case of the Gold Coast, I examine how the Gã and Fante mercantile elite translated imported textiles and clothing into new cultural meanings, aesthetics and norms that emphasized family integrity, power as well as the ancestral, material and commercial value of inherited imported articles of adornment.
Cosmopolitan Capito: architectural benefaction by a Roman official in Late Julio-Claudian Miletus
Authors: Tomas Julia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article explores the architectural benefactions of Gnaeus Vergilius Capito, a wealthy resident of Late Julio-Claudian Miletus, who held a number of positions in the Roman imperial administration prior to constructing the baths and theatre stage building in his home city. Through a detailed study of the archaeological and epigraphic evidence associated with Vergilius Capito, this article sheds light on when and why he built his public monuments and will demonstrate how members of the provincial elite like Capito, who had also been involved in local and wider imperial society, were represented
through architecture. It will also show how culturally bilingual individuals could play a fundamental role in promoting Roman cultural influence in Greek provincial settings and will advocate a more individual-focussed approach when discussing the influence of Rome on its provinces. The article concludes that Capito’s Roman-Milesian citizenship enabled him to mediate between the world of the Greek polis and that of the Roman imperial system and uses the medium of architectural benefaction as a vehicle for driving cultural change in provincial settings.
Précis ofWhat Babies Know
Authors: Spelke Elizabeth S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhere does human knowledge begin? Research on human infants, children, adults, and nonhuman animals, using diverse methods from the cognitive, brain, and computational sciences, provides evidence for six early emerging, domain-specific systems of core knowledge. These automatic, unconscious systems are situated between perceptual systems and systems of explicit concepts and beliefs. They emerge early in infancy, guide children's learning, and function throughout life.
Far Ultraviolet Excitation Processes in Comets
Authors: Feldman P. D. , Opal C. B. , Meier R. R. , Nicolas K. R. 
Published: May 2023

The recent observations of atomic oxygen and carbon in the far ultraviolet spectrum of Comet Kohoutek (1973f) (Feldman et al. 1974; Opal et al. 1974) have demonstrated the existence of these atomic species in the cometary coma. However, in order to identify the source of their origin, it is necessary to relate the observed ultraviolet flux to the atomic production rate. Assuming the only excitation mechanisms allowed are those produced by resonance scattering and fluorescence of solar ultraviolet radiation, the problem reduces to finding the emission rate factors (g-factors) as a function of the heliocentric comet velocity. Since the widths of the solar emission lines are smaller than the maximum heliocentric Doppler shift, given bywhere q is the perihelion distance in A.U., it is necessary to consider the detailed multiplet structure of the transition, the solar line shape and the relaxation of excited fine structure levels.
OH Observation of Comet Kohoutek (1973f) at 18 cm Wavelength
Authors: Biraud F. , Bourgois G. , Crovisier J. , Fillit R. , Gérard E. , Kazes I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe main lines of OH at 18 cm wavelength were observed in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) from December 1973 through February 1974 with the Nancay radio telescope. They were detected in absorption in early December and reappeared in emission around mid-January. In a preliminary approach these results are interpreted in terms of U. V. pumping by the sum when the Fraunhofer spectrum is taken into account.
Two-level type theory and applications
Authors: Annenkov Danil , Capriotti Paolo , Kraus Nicolai , Sattler Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe define and develop two-level type theory (2LTT), a version of Martin-Löf type theory which combines two different type theories. We refer to them as the ‘inner’ and the ‘outer’ type theory. In our case of interest, the inner theory is homotopy type theory (HoTT) which may include univalent universes and higher inductive types. The outer theory is a traditional form of type theory validating uniqueness of identity proofs (UIP). One point of view on it is as internalised meta-theory of the inner type theory. There are two motivations for 2LTT. Firstly, there are certain results about HoTT which are of meta-theoretic nature, such as the statement that semisimplicial types up to level n can be constructed in HoTT for any externally fixed natural number n. Such results cannot be expressed in HoTT itself, but they can be formalised and proved in 2LTT, where n will be a variable in the outer theory. This point of view is inspired by observations about conservativity of presheaf models. Secondly, 2LTT is a framework which is suitable for formulating additional axioms that one might want to add to HoTT. This idea is heavily inspired by Voevodsky’s Homotopy Type System (HTS), which constitutes one specific instance of a 2LTT. HTS has an axiom ensuring that the type of natural numbers behaves like the external natural numbers, which allows the construction of a universe of semisimplicial types. In 2LTT, this axiom can be assumed by postulating that the inner and outer natural numbers types are isomorphic. After defining 2LTT, we set up a collection of tools with the goal of making 2LTT a convenient language for future developments. As a first such application, we develop the theory of Reedy fibrant diagrams in the style of Shulman. Continuing this line of thought, we suggest a definition of
$(\infty,1)$
-category and give some examples.
Love of novelty: a source of innovation-based growth… or underdevelopment traps?
Authors: Furukawa Yuichi , Lai Tat-kei , Sato Kenji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study develops a new dynamic general equilibrium model to explore the role of people’s love of novelty as a cultural preference in innovation and innovation-based growth. The model considers (a) an infinitely lived representative consumer who has standard love-of-variety preferences for differentiated products and additional love-of-novelty preferences for new products and (b) technological progress driven by two costly and time-consuming innovation activities, new product development and existing product development. We demonstrate that consumers’ love of novelty is a source of innovation-based growth, wherein economies with a moderate love of novelty can achieve innovation and long-run growth through endogenous cycles between periods in which new product development is active and those in which existing product development is active. However, if love of novelty preference is too weak or too strong, the economy is caught in an underdevelopment trap with less innovation and no long-run growth. We also provide some suggestive empirical evidence that supports our theoretical predictions.
The association between language use and food insecurity among Hispanic adults residing in the USA depends on nativity
Authors: Lopez Miguel Angel , Fuster Melissa , Fleckman Julia M , George Amy , Chaparro M Pia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjective:To examine the association between language use – predominantly English, English and Spanish equally and predominantly Spanish – and food insecurity among Hispanic adults residing in the USA, 1999–2018.Design:Pooled cross-sectional study design.Setting:United States.Participants:15 073 Hispanic adults.Results:Compared with Hispanic adults who predominantly spoke English and after adjusting for age, sex, family income-to-poverty ratio, education level and employment status, Hispanic adults who spoke English and Spanish equally (OR = 1·28, 95 % CI = 1·05, 1·56) or predominantly Spanish (OR = 1·25, 95 % CI = 1·04, 1·49) had higher odds of food insecurity. After stratifying by country of birth, language use was associated with higher odds of food insecurity only for Hispanic adults born outside of the USA, but not for Hispanic adults born in the USA. Hispanic adults born outside of the USA who spoke English and Spanish equally (OR = 1·27, 95 % CI = 1·04, 1·55) or spoke predominantly Spanish (OR = 1·24, 95 % CI = 1·04, 1·48) had higher odds of food insecurity when compared with those who predominantly spoke English.Conclusion:Foreign-born Hispanic adults who speak predominantly Spanish, or English and Spanish equally, have higher odds of food insecurity. Food and nutrition assistance programmes that serve Hispanic immigrants should make sure to provide linguistically and culturally appropriate services to this population.
Baseline Balloon Stratospheric Aerosol Profiles (B2SAP)—Systematic Measurements of Aerosol Number Density and Size
Authors: Todt Michael A. , Asher Elizabeth , Hall Emrys , Cullis Patrick , Jordan Allen , Xiong Kensy , Hurst Dale F. , Thornberry Troy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStratospheric aerosol plays an important role in Earth's radiative balance. Systematic measurements of stratospheric aerosol number concentration and size are needed to characterize their baseline values and variability, improve understanding of aerosol microphysics, and assess the representation of stratospheric aerosol processes in global models. In situ measurements of particle size distribution provide insight into the responses of stratospheric aerosol processes to perturbations from volcanoes and wildfires, anthropogenic emissions from rockets and aircraft, or intentional injections related to climate intervention. The Baseline Balloon Stratospheric Aerosol Profiles (B2SAP) project uses compact, lightweight payloads carried by meteorological balloons to measure aerosol number density and size distributions, water vapor, ozone, and meteorological data from the surface to the middle stratosphere. The long‐term goal for the B2SAP project is to produce climatologies of aerosol number and size distributions into the middle stratosphere at latitudinally distributed measurement sites. Since March 2019, B2SAP payloads have been launched from Boulder, CO, USA once to twice per month and four to six times per year from Lauder, NZ. These measurements provide a new record of in situ stratospheric aerosol observations and are being used to help validate satellite‐based estimates of stratospheric aerosol size distributions. Here we present 50 vertical profiles from Boulder, CO, from March 2019 to March 2022, to build a NH mid‐latitude climatology of stratospheric aerosol and its variability and investigate the impact of natural perturbations on stratospheric aerosol microphysics.
Microplate Evolution in the Queen Charlotte Triple Junction & Explorer Region: New Insights From Microseismicity
Authors: Littel G. F. , Bostock M. G. , Schaeffer A. , Roecker S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Queen Charlotte triple junction/Explorer microplate region offshore British Columbia, Canada, is marked by poorly understood and rapidly evolving microplate tectonics. Although the region hosts abundant seismicity, it has received relatively scant attention in recent years due to its remote, offshore location. We use the Regressive ESTimator (REST) algorithm to generate a new catalog of automatically detected earthquakes from 1995 to 2021, which, when merged with the existing Geological Survey of Canada catalog, yields the most extensive seismicity data set offshore British Columbia to date. We apply double‐difference relocation to these events and perform stress inversions using moment tensors for subregions within the study area. Our results confirm and extend previous models of microplate deformation processes. We suggest the Revere‐Dellwood‐Queen Charlotte fault system has evolved as a NW‐migrating, pull‐apart system between Haida Gwaii and the Explorer ridge that obeys global length/width scaling and whose bathymetric expression is influenced by volcanism plausibly induced by interaction with the Kodiak‐Bowie hotspot. Seismicity within the Explorer microplate is dominated by prominent, northeast‐trending lineations that emanate from the Sovanco fracture zone and parallel the Nootka fault zone. Alignment of these features with spreading structures that bound the microplate suggests that its breakup is controlled primarily by a strength fabric inherited at spreading ridges. Stress inversions are dominated by near‐vertical intermediate compressive stress reflecting the dominance of strike‐slip faulting. Stress varies systematically between transpression to the north along southern Haida Gwaii and seafloor spreading to the south along the Juan de Fuca ridge.
Microbial Adaptations Within Fine‐Scale Soil Structure Alleviate Phosphorus Limitation on Carbon Sequestration Following Afforestation
Authors: Feng Jiao , Song Yanting , Zheng Jingmei , Long Chunyan , Zhang Dandan , Lu Yufei , Chen Qiong , Cheng Xiaoli 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAfforestation effectively sequesters atmospheric carbon (C) into soil, with the magnitude of C sequestration being constrained by soil nutrient availability, particularly phosphorus (P) derived from parent material. While microbial communities inhabited within soil aggregates can adjust their composition and metabolic activities in response to afforestation, their effects on soil P availability remain uncertain. Here, we investigated how microbial adaptations within different soil aggregate‐size fractions (fine‐scale soil structure) were upscaled to influence P availability for soil C sequestration following long‐term (around 32 years) afforestation in subtropical China. We found that afforestation generally led to lower accumulation of total P relative to C and nitrogen (N) in soil aggregates, but induced higher P‐ versus C‐ and N‐acquiring enzyme activities (i.e., lower ecoenzymatic C:P and N:P ratios) compared with the croplands. Structural equation modeling analysis further showed that ecoenzymatic C:P and N:P ratios were primarily associated with the abundance of fungi in the macroaggregates (>250 μm), but showed significant correlations with the abundance of bacteria in the <250 μm finer soil particles. These results revealed that microbial community within different soil aggregate‐size fractions developed divergent strategies to overcome P limitation on soil C sequestration and cope with soil C:N:P imbalance following afforestation. Taken together, our work underpins that fine‐scale soil structural effects are important for the mechanistic understanding of soil P availability and their impacts on C sequestration following afforestation.
Apicobasal RNA asymmetries regulate cell fate in the early mouse embryo
Authors: Hawdon Azelle , Geoghegan Niall D. , Mohenska Monika , Elsenhans Anja , Ferguson Charles , Polo Jose M. , Parton Robert G. , Zenker Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe spatial sorting of RNA transcripts is fundamental for the refinement of gene expression to distinct subcellular regions. Although, in non-mammalian early embryogenesis, differential RNA localisation presages cell fate determination, in mammals it remains unclear. Here, we uncover apical-to-basal RNA asymmetries in outer blastomeres of 16-cell stage mouse preimplantation embryos. Basally directed RNA transport is facilitated in a microtubule- and lysosome-mediated manner. Yet, despite an increased accumulation of RNA transcripts in basal regions, higher translation activity occurs at the more dispersed apical RNA foci, demonstrated by spatial heterogeneities in RNA subtypes, RNA-organelle interactions and translation events. During the transition to the 32-cell stage, the biased inheritance of RNA transcripts, coupled with differential translation capacity, regulates cell fate allocation of trophectoderm and cells destined to form the pluripotent inner cell mass. Our study identifies a paradigm for the spatiotemporal regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression governing mammalian preimplantation embryogenesis and cell fate.