bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term effects of moderate severity disturbances on forest canopy structure
Authors: Choi Dennis Heejoon , LaRue Elizabeth A. , Atkins Jeff W. , Foster Jane R. , Matthes Jaclyn Hatala , Fahey Robert T. , Thapa Bina , Fei Songlin , Hardiman Brady S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Moderate severity disturbances, those that do not result in stand replacement, play an essential role in ecosystem dynamics. Despite the prevalence of moderate severity disturbances and the significant impacts they impose on forest functioning, little is known about their effects on forest canopy structure and how these effects differ over time across a range of disturbance severities and disturbance types.

Using longitudinal data from the National Ecological Observatory Network project, we assessed the effects of three moderate severity press disturbances (beech bark disease, hemlock woolly adelgid and emerald ash borer, which are characterized by continuous disturbance and sustained mortality) and three moderate severity pulse disturbances (spring cankerworm moth, spongy moth and ground fire, which are associated with discrete and relatively short mortalities) on temperate forest canopy structure in eastern US. We studied (1) how light detection and ranging (LiDAR)‐derived metrics of canopy structure change in response to disturbance and (2) whether initial canopy complexity offsets impact of disturbances on canopy structure over time. We used a mixed‐effects modelling framework which included a non‐linear term for time to represent changes in canopy structure caused by disturbance, and interactions between time and both disturbance intensity and initial canopy complexity.

We discovered that high intensity of both press and pulse disturbances inhibited canopy height growth while low intensity pulse disturbances facilitated it. In addition, high intensity pulse disturbances facilitated increases in the complexity of the canopy over time. Concerning the impact of initial canopy complexity, we found that the initial canopy complexity of disturbed plots altered the effects of moderate disturbances, indicating potential resilience effects.

Synthesis. This study used repeated measurements of LiDAR data to examine the effects of moderate disturbances on various dimensions of forest canopy structure, including height, openness, density and complexity. Our study indicates that both press and pulse disturbances can inhibit canopy height growth over time. However, while the impact of press disturbances on other dimensions of canopy structure could not be clearly detected, likely because of compensatory growth, the impact of pulse disturbances over time was more readily apparent using multi‐temporal LiDAR data. Furthermore, our findings suggest that canopy complexity might help to mitigate the impact of moderate disturbances on canopy structures over time. Overall, our research highlights the usefulness of multi‐temporal LiDAR data for assessing the structural changes in forest canopies caused by moderate severity disturbances.
Temporal progression of anaerobic fungal communities in dairy calves from birth to maturity
Authors: Jones Adrienne L. , Clayborn Jordan , Pribil Elizabeth , Foote Andrew P. , Montogomery Dagan , Elshahed Mostafa S. , Youssef Noha H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEstablishment of microbial communities in neonatal calves is vital for their growth and overall health. While this process has received considerable attention for bacteria, our knowledge on temporal progression of anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) in calves is lacking. Here, we examined AGF communities in faecal samples from six dairy cattle collected at 24 different time points during the pre‐weaning (days 1–48), weaning (days 48–60), and post‐weaning (days 60–360) phases. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that AGF colonisation occurs within 24 h after birth, with loads slowly increasing during pre‐weaning and weaning, then drastically increasing post‐weaning. Culture‐independent amplicon surveys identified higher alpha diversity during pre‐weaning/weaning, compared to post‐weaning. AGF community structure underwent a drastic shift post‐weaning, from a community enriched in genera commonly encountered in hindgut fermenters to one enriched in genera commonly encountered in adult ruminants. Comparison of AGF community between calves day 1 post‐birth and their mothers suggest a major role for maternal transmission, with additional input from cohabitating subjects. This distinct pattern of AGF progression could best be understood in‐light of their narrower niche preferences, metabolic specialisation, and physiological optima compared to bacteria, hence eliciting a unique response to changes in feeding pattern and associated structural GIT development during maturation.
Evaluation of streamflow as a covariate in models for predicting daily pesticide concentrations
Authors: Mosquin Paul L. , Aldworth Jeremy , Chen Wenlin , Grant Shanique 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeveral models have been developed with streamflow as a covariate for predicting daily pesticide concentrations in surface water systems. Among these models, the SEAWAVE‐QEX model has been proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for regulatory assessments. In this paper, the model was modified to include alternative transformations of streamflow data, and to include no streamflow covariates. The predictive performance of the modified models was evaluated and compared with the original SEAWAVE‐QEX model using a high frequency sampling dataset that includes 9 sites with 10 years of data from the Atrazine Ecological Monitoring Program. Streamflow transformations evaluated included those in the SEAWAVE‐QEX model (short‐term and mid‐term flow anomalies), reduced models with only short‐term flow anomaly or without any flow covariates, normalized Box‐Cox transformation of flow, and combinations of normalized Box‐Cox and flow anomalies. Loglinear interpolation was also evaluated. The normalized Box‐Cox transformation provided best predictive performance and significantly better predictive performance than that of the SEAWAVE‐QEX model for a target quantity of regulatory interest, such as the maximum 1‐day rolling average (similarly for the maximum 60‐day rolling average, but not significantly so). The no‐flow covariate model was only slightly worse than Box‐Cox. Significant differences in predictive performance of the SEAWAVE‐QEX model were detected across sites.
Overview of ecofiscal powers for municipalities: Implementation of new measures in Québec
Authors: Tremblay‐Racicot Fanny , Prémont Marie‐Claude , Leclair Kamille 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA variety of taxes, charges and user fees deployed by municipalities can mitigate the negative impact of activities and infrastructures on the environment while diversifying revenue sources. Existing studies on ecofiscal instruments in Canadian municipalities, however, have focused primarily on the pricing of water and waste material while neglecting other environmental issues and the potential of taxes and regulatory charges. This article presents a picture of municipal ecotaxation in Québec and includes four new instruments crafted by Québec municipalities.
Magnetic chitosan oligomer‐sulfonate‐stearic acid triple combination as cisplatin carrier for site‐specific targeted on MCF‐7 cancer cells: Preparation, characterization and in vitro experiments
Authors: Akkaya Birnur , Akkaya Recep , Nazlim Arife 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, a new amphiphilic target‐specific adsorbent, chitosan oligomer‐sulfonate‐stearic acid triple combination (S‐Cho‐SA), and magnetic chitosan oligomer‐sulfonate‐stearic acid triple combination (M‐S‐Cho‐SA) by oleic acid (OA)‐modified Fe3O4 via hydrophobic interaction are fabricated. By modifying the nanoparticle surfaces and having the ability to magnetically allow the target region, these particles attract attention as important particles used in targeting mechanisms in cancer therapy. With magnetic nanoparticles and an external magnetic field, it is possible to transport therapeutic agents to the target site and keep them in the desired effect zone for a longer period of time. These new adsorbents are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT‐IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA). After chemical characterization, it is complexed with cisplatin (CDDP). The magnetic adsorbents were loaded with high efficiency (>50%), and the release experiments exhibited that cisplatin is released more at pH 4.5 compared with pH 7.4 at 37°C. It showed better drug release results under a magnetic field for magnetic adsorbents (36% for pH 4.5 and 3.6% for pH 7.4). The biocompatibility of the prepared adsorbents was demonstrated via the XTT assay in MCF‐7 cell lines. The results also exhibited that S‐Cho‐SA and M‐S‐Cho‐SA were biocompatible, and free cisplatin and cisplatin‐complexed adsorbents showed an antiproliferative effect. The results showed that these new cisplatin‐loaded (M‐S‐Cho‐SA) nanoparticles are good candidates for thermotherapy in cancer treatment in the future, as they can provide selectivity by site‐specific targeting and hold onto an alternative magnetic field due to the magnetic nature of the nanoparticles.
The Kimberley Dental Team: A process evaluation of a volunteer dental programme serving remote Aboriginal communities in Australia
Authors: Patel Jilen , Bear Natasha , Long Robyn , Naoum Steven , Slack‐Smith Linda , Kruger Estie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to conduct a process evaluation of the Kimberley Dental Team (KDT), a not‐for‐profit, volunteer organization providing care to remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia.MethodsA logic model was constructed to detail the operational context of the KDT model. Subsequently, the fidelity (the extent to which each of the programme's elements were implemented as planned), dose (types and quantity of services provided) and reach (demographic characteristics and communities serviced) of the KDT model were evaluated using service data, deidentified clinical records and volunteer rosters maintained by KDT from 2009 to 2019. Trends and patterns of service provision were analysed using total counts and proportions over time. A Poisson regression model was used to explore changed in the rates of surgical treatment over time. The associations between volunteer activity and service provision was also investigated using correlation coefficients and linear regression.ResultsA total of 6365 patients (98% identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) were seen over the 10‐year period with services being provided across 35 different communities in the Kimberley. Most services were provided to school‐aged children, consistent with the programme's objectives. The peak preventive, restorative and surgical rates occurred among school‐aged children, young adults and older adults respectively. A trend was observed indicating a reducing rate of surgical procedures from 2010 to 2019 (p < .001). The volunteer profile showed significant diversity beyond the conventional dentist–nurse structure and 40% being repeat volunteers.ConclusionsThe KDT programme maintained a strong focus on service provision to school‐aged children over the last decade with the educational and preventive components being central to the care being provided. This process evaluation found that the dose and reach of the KDT model grew with an increase in resources and was adaptive to perceived community need. The model was shown to evolve through gradual structural adaptations contributing to its overall fidelity.
Imagined foodways and rejected biopedagogies: Rural children's perspectives of rural foodways
Authors: Ersfjord Ellen M. I. , Plasil Tanja , Heggem Reidun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRural residency is an independent risk factor for being overweight, but little is known about why this is so. The purpose of our study was to gain insight into what Norwegian rural children say about a rural diet in comparison to an urban one. Child‐friendly methods were used. We found a discrepancy between what the children said they eat – traditional, ‘healthy’ foods, and what they ate – largely ultra‐processed foods. We explored this by using the frameworks of imagined foodways and biopedagogies. Their imagined foodways were rooted in notions of ‘traditional food’, connected to surrounding nature and a history of farming and hunting. Urban people were perceived as eating an inferior diet of very unhealthy and ultra‐processed foods of which they do not know the origin of. As a result, the children rejected specific health‐ and nutrition recommendations that were incompatible with their notions of traditional foods, leading to a more calorie dense diet than their urban counterparts. Our research adds to knowledge on what role a rural diet can play on the prevalence of overweight in rural areas, and how biopedagogies can be recontextualized within different cultural fields.
The Dynamic Interplay of Kinetic and Linguistic Coordination in Danish and Norwegian Conversation
Authors: Trujillo James P. , Dideriksen Christina , Tylén Kristian , Christiansen Morten H. , Fusaroli Riccardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn conversation, individuals work together to achieve communicative goals, complementing and aligning language and body with each other. An important emerging question is whether interlocutors entrain with one another equally across linguistic levels (e.g., lexical, syntactic, and semantic) and modalities (i.e., speech and gesture), or whether there are complementary patterns of behaviors, with some levels or modalities diverging and others converging in coordinated fashions. This study assesses how kinematic and linguistic entrainment interact with one another across levels of measurement, and according to communicative context. We analyzed data from two matched corpora of dyadic interaction between—respectively—Danish and Norwegian native speakers engaged in affiliative conversations and task‐oriented conversations. We assessed linguistic entrainment at the lexical, syntactic, and semantic level, and kinetic alignment of the head and hands using video‐based motion tracking and dynamic time warping. We tested whether—across the two languages—linguistic alignment correlates with kinetic alignment, and whether these kinetic‐linguistic associations are modulated either by the type of conversation or by the language spoken. We found that kinetic entrainment was positively associated with low‐level linguistic (i.e., lexical) entrainment, while negatively associated with high‐level linguistic (i.e., semantic) entrainment, in a cross‐linguistically robust way. Our findings suggest that conversation makes use of a dynamic coordination of similarity and complementarity both between individuals as well as between different communicative modalities, and provides evidence for a multimodal, interpersonal synergy account of interaction.
Is Nonsymbolic Arithmetic Truly “Arithmetic”? Examining the Computational Capacity of the Approximate Number System in Young Children
Authors: Cheng Chen , Kibbe Melissa M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractYoung children with limited knowledge of formal mathematics can intuitively perform basic arithmetic‐like operations over nonsymbolic, approximate representations of quantity. However, the algorithmic rules that guide such nonsymbolic operations are not entirely clear. We asked whether nonsymbolic arithmetic operations have a function‐like structure, like symbolic arithmetic. Children (n = 74 4‐ to ‐8‐year‐olds in Experiment 1; n = 52 7‐ to 8‐year‐olds in Experiment 2) first solved two nonsymbolic arithmetic problems. We then showed children two unequal sets of objects, and asked children which of the two derived solutions should be added to the smaller of the two sets to make them “about the same.” We hypothesized that, if nonsymbolic arithmetic follows similar function rules to symbolic arithmetic, then children should be able to use the solutions of nonsymbolic computations as inputs into another nonsymbolic problem. Contrary to this hypothesis, we found that children were unable to reliably do so, suggesting that these solutions may not operate as independent representations that can be used inputs into other nonsymbolic computations. These results suggest that nonsymbolic and symbolic arithmetic computations are algorithmically distinct, which may limit the extent to which children can leverage nonsymbolic arithmetic intuitions to acquire formal mathematics knowledge.
Hypothesis‐free discovery of novel cancer predictors using machine learning
Authors: Madakkatel Iqbal , Lumsden Amanda L. , Mulugeta Anwar , Olver Ian , Hyppönen Elina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and better understanding of the risk factors could enhance prevention.MethodsWe conducted a hypothesis‐free analysis combining machine learning and statistical approaches to identify cancer risk factors from 2828 potential predictors captured at baseline. There were 459,169 UK Biobank participants free from cancer at baseline and 48,671 new cancer cases during the 10‐year follow‐up. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, material deprivation, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index and skin colour (as a proxy for sun sensitivity) were used for obtaining adjusted odds ratios, with continuous predictors presented using quintiles (Q).ResultsIn addition to smoking, older age and male sex, positively associating features included several anthropometric characteristics, whole body water mass, pulse, hypertension and biomarkers such as urinary microalbumin (Q5 vs. Q1 OR 1.16, 95% CI = 1.13–1.19), C‐reactive protein (Q5 vs. Q1 OR 1.20, 95% CI = 1.16–1.24) and red blood cell distribution width (Q5 vs. Q1 OR 1.18, 95% CI = 1.14–1.21), among others. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (Q5 vs. Q1 OR 0.84, 95% CI = 0.81–0.87) and albumin (Q5 vs. Q1 OR 0.84, 95% CI = 0.81–0.87) were inversely associated with cancer. In sex‐stratified analyses, higher testosterone increased the risk in females but not in males (Q5 vs. Q1 ORfemales1.23, 95% CI = 1.17–1.30). Phosphate was associated with a lower risk in females but a higher risk in males (Q5 vs. Q1 ORfemales0.94, 95% CI = 0.90–0.99 vs. ORmales1.09, 95% CI 1.04–1.15).ConclusionsThis hypothesis‐free analysis suggests personal characteristics, metabolic biomarkers, physical measures and smoking as important predictors of cancer risk, with further studies needed to confirm causality and clinical relevance.
Association of multiple‐sclerosis‐related mortality with COVID‐19 and other common infections: a multiple causes of death analysis
Authors: Fedeli Ugo , Barbiellini Amidei Claudio , Avossa Francesco , Schievano Elena , Kingwell Elaine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposePeople with multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer from higher infection‐related mortality compared to the general population; however, sparse data are available on the increased risk of death associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and other common types of infections.MethodsAll mortality records and multiple‐cause‐of‐death data in 2010–2021 of residents in the Veneto region (northeastern Italy) were extracted. Mention of specific infections was compared between death certificates reporting MS or not. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by conditional logistic regression matching by age, sex and calendar year. The bimonthly averages of MS‐related deaths in 2010–2019 were compared with those registered during the pandemic (2020–2021).ResultsOf 580,015 deaths through 2010–2021, MS was mentioned in 850 cases (0.15%), 59.3% women. Influenza and pneumonia were reported in 18.4% of MS‐related compared to 11.0% non‐MS‐related deaths (OR 2.72, 95% CI 2.28–3.25). The odds of mention of urinary tract infections was significantly greater in MS‐related deaths of men (OR 8.16, 95% CI 5.23–12.7) than women (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.82–5.02). Aspiration pneumonia, pressure ulcers/skin infections and sepsis were also significantly associated with MS‐related deaths. Reporting of COVID‐19 as a cause of death did not significantly differ between deaths with and without mention of MS (approximately 11% of both). However, compared to 2010–2019, peaks in MS‐related deaths were observed during the pandemic waves.ConclusionsInfections continue to play a significant role in MS‐related deaths, underlying the need to improve prevention and management strategies.
Threshold definitions for significant change on the timed 25‐foot walk and nine‐hole peg test in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Koch Marcus W. , Repovic Pavle , Mostert Jop , Bowen James D. , Comtois Jacynthe , Strijbis Eva , Uitdehaag Bernard , Cutter Gary 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe timed 25‐foot walk (T25FW) and nine‐hole peg test (NHPT) exhibit random variability in the short term. A threshold of ≥20% change from baseline has been used to indicate true disability change, but other threshold definitions may be better suited to exclude false and include true change events. The aim of this study was to use patient‐level original trial data to investigate the short‐term variation in T25FW and NHPT, and to compare its extent with disability change at 12‐month follow‐up in people with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS).MethodsWe used original patient‐level data from PROMISE, a large PPMS trial. In this trial, three separate T25FW and NHPT measurements were performed 1 week apart during screening. We used these repeated measures to describe the extent of short‐term variation. We used binary logistic regression models to investigate the association between screening characteristics and unacceptable short‐term variation.ResultsThe traditional 20% threshold excluded a reasonable number of false change events, while also yielding a large number of change events at follow‐up. Increasing index values on the T25FW and NHPT were associated with higher short‐term variation.ConclusionsThe traditional ≥20% change threshold for the T25FW and NHPT represents a reasonable compromise between reducing the number of false change events and achieving the largest number of change events in people with PPMS. Our analyses inform the design of clinical trials in PPMS.
Grassquits adjust parental care in broods parasitized by native nest flies
Authors: Biagolini Carlos , Diniz Pedro , Macedo Regina H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe parasitic nest fliesPhilornisspp. are ectoparasites associated with a large number of Neotropical bird species. Little is known about how flies locate birds' nests and how parents respond to native or subcutaneous parasitic flies. Here, we used blue‐black grassquits (Volatinia jacarina) to test (i) if parental care in early egg and nestling stages could predict parasitism status in late nestling stages and (ii) if parental care differed between parasitized and non‐parasitized nests. In general, the proportion of time parents were on the nest (both incubation and nestling periods) did not predict laterPhilornisparasitism status. These results suggest that flies do not use the presence of parents at the nest to locate nestlings. Parents visited the nest to feed nestlings more frequently in parasitized nests, suggesting that parents compensate for presumed nestling energy loss due toPhilornisparasitism. Parents also spent more time on nest maintenance in parasitized nests, which may be an attempt to remove larvae from nest walls or repair the nest damaged by larvae displacement. Finally, the time spent brooding did not vary with parasitism status. Grassquit responses toPhilornisparasitism provide a new perspective relative to the evolution of effective defense strategies against native parasites.