bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic stress symptoms among Spanish healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective study
Authors: Portillo-Van Diest Ana , Vilagut Gemma , Alayo Itxaso , Ferrer Montse , Amigo Franco , Amann Benedikt L. , Aragón-Peña Andrés , Aragonès Enric , Asúnsolo Del Barco Ángel , Campos Mireia , Del Cura-González Isabel , Espuga Meritxell , González-Pinto Ana , Haro Josep M. , Larrauri Amparo , López-Fresneña Nieves , Martínez de Salázar Alma , Molina Juan D. , Ortí-Lucas Rafael M. , Parellada Mara , Pelayo-Terán José M. , Pérez-Zapata Aurora , Pijoan José I. , Plana Nieves , Puig Teresa , Rius Cristina , Rodríguez-Blázquez Carmen , Sanz Ferran , Serra Consol , Urreta-Barallobre Iratxe , Kessler Ronald C. , Bruffaerts Ronny , Vieta Eduard , Pérez-Solá Víctor , Alonso Jordi , Mortier Philippe ,   MINDCOVID Working Group
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim
To investigate the occurrence of traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) among healthcare workers active during the COVID-19 pandemic and to obtain insight as to which pandemic-related stressful experiences are associated with onset and persistence of traumatic stress.

Methods
This is a multicenter prospective cohort study. Spanish healthcare workers (N = 4,809) participated at an initial assessment (i.e., just after the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 pandemic) and at a 4-month follow-up assessment using web-based surveys. Logistic regression investigated associations of 19 pandemic-related stressful experiences across four domains (infection-related, work-related, health-related and financial) with TSS prevalence, incidence and persistence, including simulations of population attributable risk proportions (PARP).

Results
Thirty-day TSS prevalence at T1 was 22.1%. Four-month incidence and persistence were 11.6% and 54.2%, respectively. Auxiliary nurses had highest rates of TSS prevalence (35.1%) and incidence (16.1%). All 19 pandemic-related stressful experiences under study were associated with TSS prevalence or incidence, especially experiences from the domains of health-related (PARP range 88.4–95.6%) and work-related stressful experiences (PARP range 76.8–86.5%). Nine stressful experiences were also associated with TSS persistence, of which having patient(s) in care who died from COVID-19 had the strongest association. This association remained significant after adjusting for co-occurring depression and anxiety.

Conclusions
TSSs among Spanish healthcare workers active during the COVID-19 pandemic are common and associated with various pandemic-related stressful experiences. Future research should investigate if these stressful experiences represent truly traumatic experiences and carry risk for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Magnetosheath Jets Over Solar Cycle 24: An Empirical Model
Authors: Vuorinen Laura , LaMoury Adrian T. , Hietala Heli , Koller Florian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTime History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft have been sampling the subsolar magnetosheath since the first dayside science phase in 2008, and we finally have observations over a solar cycle. However, we show that the solar wind coverage during these magnetosheath intervals is not always consistent with the solar wind conditions throughout the same year. This has implications for studying phenomena whose occurrence depends strongly on solar wind parameters. We demonstrate this with magnetosheath jets—flows of enhanced earthward dynamic pressure in the magnetosheath. Jets emerge from the bow shock, and some of them can go on and collide into the magnetopause. Their occurrence is highly linked to solar wind conditions, particularly the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field, as jets are mostly observed downstream of the quasi‐parallel shock. We study the yearly occurrence rates of jets recorded by THEMIS over solar cycle 24 (2008–2019) and find that they are biased due to differences in spacecraft orbits and uneven sampling of solar wind conditions during the different years. Thus, we instead use the THEMIS observations and their corresponding solar wind conditions to develop a model of how jet occurrence varies as a function of solar wind conditions. We then use OMNI data of the whole solar cycle to estimate the unbiased yearly jet occurrence rates. For comparison, we also estimate jet occurrence rates during solar cycle 23 (1996–2008). Our results suggest that there is no strong solar cycle dependency in jet formation.
Quantifying the Impacts of the Angle of Attack on the Morphology of Atmospheric von Kármán Vortex Streets
Authors: Annis Stefano , Badas Maria Grazia , Horváth Ákos , Basu Sukanta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA mesoscale model is used to systematically investigate how the incoming flow incidence angle affects the development of atmospheric von Kármán vortex streets for non‐axisymmetric islands. The analysis is focused on an event observed on the leeward side of Guadalupe Island. By keeping the synoptic conditions the same, several simulations are performed for rotated orientations of the island topography, which correspond to a change in the angle of attack (AoA) relative to the upstream flow. The asymmetry of the vortex shedding and the role of the leading and trailing edge are in line with what was observed in laboratory von Kármán vortex streets past a flat plate. The eddies become larger with increasing AoA while the shedding frequency decreases, and the asymmetry between cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies weakens. Cyclonic vortices are more developed and stronger under typical conditions when they are shed from the trailing edge. We also demonstrate that the wake asymmetry is fundamentally between trailing‐edge and leading‐edge eddies rather than between cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies.
Planetary Impacts: Scaling of Crater Depth From Subsonic to Supersonic Conditions
Authors: Allibert L. , Landeau M. , Röhlen R. , Maller A. , Nakajima M. , Wünnemann K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlanetary impacts have shaped the surfaces and interiors of planets. They were particularly critical in the last stage of planetary accretion, as they have eventually formed terrestrial planets. During these large supersonic collisions, shock waves melted the impactor and the target, and formed silicate magma oceans. Because the propagation of shock waves and the melting is faster than the excavation of an impact crater, the cratering stage can be considered as a purely hydrodynamic process. Here, we use both laboratory impact experiments in water and numerical simulations to investigate the crater dimensions resulting from the impact of a liquid impactor onto a liquid target. We show that our numerical models reproduce the laboratory experiments at subsonic impact velocities. We then explore the effect of both the Froude number, which is the ratio of the impactor kinetic energy to gravity, and the Mach number, which is the ratio of the impact speed to the sound speed. We vary these two parameters independently in impact simulations, going from subsonic to supersonic conditions. We obtain a new scaling law for the crater dimensions that describes the transition from subsonic to supersonic impacts. Our results indicate that the transition between these two regimes results from a change in the partitioning of the impactor kinetic energy into potential energy in the crater and internal energy. Finally, our scaling suggests that, in the limit of large Mach numbers, the crater depth depends only on the sound velocity and gravity, and is independent of the impact speed.
Observation of nonlinear disclination states
Authors: Ren Boquan , Arkhipova Antonina A. , Zhang Yiqi , Kartashov Yaroslav V. , Wang Hongguang , Zhuravitskii Sergei A. , Skryabin Nikolay N. , Dyakonov Ivan V. , Kalinkin Alexander A. , Kulik Sergei P. , Kompanets Victor O. , Chekalin Sergey V. , Zadkov Victor N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction of controllable deformations into periodic materials that lead to disclinations in their structure opens novel routes for construction of higher-order topological insulators hosting topological states at disclinations. Appearance of these topological states is consistent with the bulk-disclination correspondence principle, and is due to the filling anomaly that results in fractional charges to the boundary unit cells. So far, topological disclination states were observed only in the linear regime, while the interplay between nonlinearity and topology in the systems with disclinations has been never studied experimentally. We report here on the experimental observation of the nonlinear photonic disclination states in waveguide arrays with pentagonal or heptagonal disclination cores inscribed in transparent optical medium using the fs-laser writing technique. The transition between nontopological and topological phases in such structures is controlled by the Kekulé distortion coefficient r with topological phase hosting simultaneously disclination states at the inner disclination core and spatially separated from them corner-I, corner-II, and extended edge states at the outer edge of the structure. We show that the robust nonlinear disclination states bifurcate from their linear counterparts and that location of their propagation constants in the gap and, hence, their spatial localization can be controlled by their power. Nonlinear disclination states can be efficiently excited by Gaussian input beams, but only if they are focused into the waveguides belonging to the disclination core, where such topological states reside. Our results open new prospects for investigation of nonlinear effects in topological systems with disclinations and are relevant for different areas of science, including Bose-Einstein and polariton condensates, where potentials with the disclinations can be created.
Value of including loupes in prosthodontic and endodontic components of dental degrees: a systematic review
Authors: Abasseri Tarek , Ha William 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground It is crucial dental students graduate with sound knowledge of endodontics and prosthodontics. The use of loupes is important for these due to their intricate nature, but there is currently no standardisation of curricula.Objective This systematic review investigates the value of including loupes in completing dental degrees and their benefits to dental students.Methods Literature was searched from inception to February 2022 in PubMed, Embase and Scopus. Articles included were primary studies of dental students studying endodontics or prosthodontics, which had outcomes related to the value of utilising loupes in learning, clinical application and ergonomics.Results A total of 1,489 articles were retrieved, of which 14 relevant articles were identified. These articles discussed student perceptions and the impact on visual acuity, ergonomic practices and dental procedures. Overall, students perceived that loupes increased self-confidence and allowed a greater operative view but were initially difficult to use. Using loupes resulted in greater visual acuity than no magnification and improved ergonomic practices by reducing neck angulation and improving posture. Students also received better grades when using loupes during cavity access preparation or root canal therapy.Conclusion The use of loupes by dental students can be beneficial if there is initial teaching on their use.
Exploring dental academics' perceptions of and experience with discrimination in the UK and Ireland: a qualitative study
Authors: Freeman Zoe , Penlington Chris , Fathi Hawa , Shazada Khaleel , Waterhouse Paula 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroduction Diversity is known to be important but diversity of dental school academics in the UK and Ireland is low in comparison with the dental profession and the overall population. The aims were to explore whether UK and Ireland dental school academics are satisfied with their career progression, whether they believe that there are barriers to career progression in dental schools based on protected characteristics, and experience of discrimination at work.Methods An online survey, including four free-text questions related to the study aims, was circulated by the Dental Schools Council to dental academics at all UK and Ireland dental schools. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse free-text comments.Results and discussion There were 192 responses from 20 dental schools. Five data categories were constructed which highlight the impact of discrimination in dental academia, the importance of opportunities and support, different perspectives of diversity and discrimination, and academic and institutional culture.Conclusion Staff perceived and experienced barriers to career progression. Many were satisfied with their career progression, but a proportion of staff expressed dissatisfaction and attributed this to discrimination based upon protected characteristics. The culture in dental schools is beginning to change to address factors contributing to inequality in dental academia.
3-Bromopyruvate overcomes cetuximab resistance in human colorectal cancer cells by inducing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis
Authors: Mu Mingchao , Zhang Qin , Zhao Chenye , Li Xiaopeng , Chen Zilu , Sun Xuejun , Yu Junhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cetuximab, in combination with chemotherapy, is effective for treating patients with wild-type KRAS/BRAF metastatic CRC (mCRC). However, intrinsic or acquired drug resistance often limits the use of cetuximab. In this study, we investigated the potential of co-treatment with 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BP) and cetuximab to overcome cetuximab resistance in CRC, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that the co-treatment of 3-BP and cetuximab synergistically induced an antiproliferative effect in both CRC cell lines with intrinsic cetuximab resistance (DLD-1 (KRASG13D/-) and HT29 (BRAFV600E)) and in a cetuximab-resistant cell line derived from Caco-2 with acquired resistance (Caco-2-CR). Further analysis revealed that co-treatment induced ferroptosis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Mechanistically, co-treatment inhibited FOXO3a phosphorylation and degradation and activated the FOXO3a/AMPKα/pBeclin1 and FOXO3a/PUMA pathways, leading to the promotion of ferroptosis, autophagy, and apoptosis in DLD-1 (KRASG13D/-), HT29 (BRAFV600E), and Caco-2-CR cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that co-treatment with 3-BP and cetuximab could be a promising strategy to overcome cetuximab resistance in human CRC.
Polymerase iota (POLI) confers radioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating RAD51 stability and facilitating homologous recombination
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Gao Dexuan , Shen Fei , Chen Hengrui , Zhang Zhuqiang , He Chao , Gao Aidi , Lang Yue , Zhu Xiaozhong , Zhou Jundong , Shang Zeng-Fu , Ding Wei-Qun , Zhu Ji 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy resistance is an important and urgent challenge in the clinical management of esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC). However, the factors mediating the ESCC resistance to radiotherapy and its underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully clarified. Our previous studies have demonstrated the critical role of DNA polymerase iota (POLI) in ESCC development and progression, here, we aimed to investigate the involvement of POLI in ESCC radiotherapy resistance and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that highly expressed POLI was correlated with shorter overall survival of ESCC patients received radiotherapy. Down-regulation of POLI sensitized ESCC to IR, prolonged γH2AX foci in nuclei and comet tails after IR. HR but not NHEJ repair is inhibited in POLI-deficient ESCC cells. POLI stabilizes RAD51 protein via competitively binding with and blocking the interaction between RAD51 and E3 ligase XIAP and XIAP-mediated ubiquitination. Furthermore, loss of POLI leads to the activation of GAS signaling. Our findings provide novel insight into the role of POLI in the development of radioresistance mediated by stabilizing RAD51 protein in ESCC.
Nogo-A antibody delivery through the olfactory mucosa mitigates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse CNS
Authors: Pernet Vincent , Joly Sandrine , Spiegel Sebastian , Meli Ivo , Idriss Sherif , Maigler Frank , Mdzomba Julius Baya , Roenneke Anna K. , Franceschini Alessandra , Silvestri Ludovico , Pavone Francesco S. , Calamai Martino , Schindowski Katharina , Chan Andrew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSystemic administration of Nogo-A-neutralizing antibody ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle limiting the passage of systemically applied antibody to the CNS. To bypass the BBB, in the present study we tested the intranasal route of administration by targeting the olfactory mucosa with the Nogo-A-blocking antibody 11C7 mAb in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced EAE. Antibodies were specifically administered onto the olfactory mucosa using a microcatheter. Antibody distribution was examined in the CNS by ELISA and light-sheet microscopy. The effects of 11C7 mAb on Nogo-A signaling were assessed by Western blotting. EAE-induced deficits were monitored daily. Demyelination was observed on spinal cord histological sections. Gene expression changes were followed by trancriptomic analyses. A sensitive capture ELISA revealed a rapid and widespread distribution of 11C7 mAb in the CNS, including the olfactory bulb, the cerebellum and the lumbar spinal cord, but not in the CSF. Light-sheet microscopy allowed to observe antibody accumulation in the parenchyma, thus demonstrating nose-to-brain transfer of IgG. At the functional level, the widespread penetration of 11C7 mAb in the CNS, including the thoracolumbar spinal cord, resulted in the improvement of motor symptoms and in the preservation of myelin in the spinal cord of EAE mice. This was accompanied by Nogo-A signaling downregulation, as reflected by the decreased level of phosphorylated cofilin observed by Western blotting in the cerebellum. In the brain of EAE score-matched animals, 11C7 modified the expression of genes that can influence neurotransmission and cognitive functions, independently of the demyelination phenotype in the spinal cord. In conclusion, our data show the feasibility of olfactory mucosa-directed administration for the delivery of therapeutic antibodies targeting CNS antigens in EAE mice.
Targeted shock-and-kill HIV-1 gene therapy approach combining CRISPR activation, suicide gene tBid and retargeted adenovirus delivery
Authors: Klinnert Sarah , Schenkel Corinne D. , Freitag Patrick C. , Günthard Huldrych F. , Plückthun Andreas , Metzner Karin J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInfections with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are incurable due the long-lasting, latent viral reservoir. The shock-and-kill cure approach aims to activate latent proviruses in HIV-1 infected cells and subsequently kill these cells with strategies such as therapeutic vaccines or immune enhancement. Here, we combined the dCas9-VPR CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) system with gRNA-V, the truncated Bid (tBid)-based suicide gene strategy and CD3-retargeted adenovirus (Ad) delivery vectors, in an all-in-one targeted shock-and-kill gene therapy approach to achieve specific elimination of latently HIV-1 infected cells. Simultaneous transduction of latently HIV-1 infected J-Lat 10.6 cells with a CD3-retargeted Ad-CRISPRa-V and Ad-tBid led to a 57.7 ± 17.0% reduction of productively HIV-1 infected cells and 2.4-fold ± 0.25 increase in cell death. The effective activation of latent HIV-1 provirus by Ad-CRISPRa-V was similar to the activation control TNF-α. The strictly HIV-1 dependent and non-leaky killing by tBid could be demonstrated. Furthermore, the high transduction efficiencies of up to 70.8 ± 0.4% by the CD3-retargeting technology in HIV-1 latently infected cell lines was the basis of successful shock-and-kill. This novel targeted shock-and-kill all-in-one gene therapy approach has the potential to safely and effectively eliminate HIV-1 infected cells in a highly HIV-1 and T cell specific manner.
Dissecting human population variation in single-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Aquino Yann , Bisiaux Aurélie , Li Zhi , O’Neill Mary , Mendoza-Revilla Javier , Merkling Sarah Hélène , Kerner Gaspard , Hasan Milena , Libri Valentina , Bondet Vincent , Smith Nikaïa , de Cevins Camille , Ménager Mickaël , Luca Francesca , Pique-Regi Roger , Barba-Spaeth Giovanna , Pietropaoli Stefano , Schwartz Olivier , Leroux-Roels Geert , Lee Cheuk-Kwong , Leung Kathy , Wu Joseph T. , Peiris Malik , Bruzzone Roberto , Abel Laurent , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Valkenburg Sophie A. , Duffy Darragh , Patin Etienne , Rotival Maxime , Quintana-Murci Lluis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHumans display substantial interindividual clinical variability after SARS-CoV-2 infection1–3, the genetic and immunological basis of which has begun to be deciphered4. However, the extent and drivers of population differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. Here we report single-cell RNA-sequencing data for peripheral blood mononuclear cells—from 222 healthy donors of diverse ancestries—that were stimulated with SARS-CoV-2 or influenza A virus. We show that SARS-CoV-2 induces weaker, but more heterogeneous, interferon-stimulated gene activity compared with influenza A virus, and a unique pro-inflammatory signature in myeloid cells. Transcriptional responses to viruses display marked population differences, primarily driven by changes in cell abundance including increased lymphoid differentiation associated with latent cytomegalovirus infection. Expression quantitative trait loci and mediation analyses reveal a broad effect of cell composition on population disparities in immune responses, with genetic variants exerting a strong effect on specific loci. Furthermore, we show that natural selection has increased population differences in immune responses, particularly for variants associated with SARS-CoV-2 response in East Asians, and document the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Neanderthal introgression has altered immune functions, such as the response of myeloid cells to viruses. Finally, colocalization and transcriptome-wide association analyses reveal an overlap between the genetic basis of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 severity, providing insights into the factors contributing to current disparities in COVID-19 risk.