bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilizing Surface Halide in Perovskite Solar Cells via Calix[4]pyrrole
Authors: Guo Huanxin , Wang Xiaoyu , Li Chengjie , Hu Honglong , Zhang Huidong , Zhang Lijun , Zhu Wei‐Hong , Wu Yongzhen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHalide diffusion across the charge‐transporting layer followed by a reaction with metal electrode represents a critical factor limiting the long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a supramolecular strategy with surface anion complexation is reported for enhancing the light and thermal stability of perovskite films, as well as devices. Calix[4]pyrrole (C[4]P) is demonstrated as a unique anion‐binding agent for stabilizing the structure of perovskite by anchoring surface halides, which increases the activation energy for halide migration, thus effectively suppressing the halide–metal electrode reactions. The C[4]P‐stabilized perovskite films preserve their initial morphology after ageing at 85 °C or under 1 sun illumination in humid air over 50 h, significantly outperforming the control samples. This strategy radically tackles the halide outward‐diffusion issue without sacrificing charge extraction. Inverted‐structured PSCs based on C[4]P modified formamidinium–cesium perovskite exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of over 23%. The lifespans of unsealed PSCs are unprecedentedly prolonged from dozens of hours to over 2000 h under operation (ISOS‐L‐1) and 85 °C ageing (ISOS‐D‐2). When subjected to a harsher protocol of ISOS‐L‐2 with both light and thermal stresses, the C[4]P‐based PSCs maintain 87% of original efficiency after ageing for 500 h.
Synthesis of High‐Entropy‐Alloy Nanoparticles by a Step‐Alloying Strategy as a Superior Multifunctional Electrocatalyst
Authors: Wang Yang , Luo Wenhui , Gong Shen , Luo Liuxiong , Li Yixuan , Zhao Yuyuan , Li Zhou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigh‐entropy‐alloy nanoparticles (HEA‐NPs) have attracted great attention because of their unique complex compositions and tailorable properties. Further expanding the compositional space is of great significance for enriching the material library. Here, a step‐alloying strategy is developed to synthesis HEA‐NPs containing a range of strongly repellent elements (e.g., Bi–W) by using the rich‐Pt cores formed during the first liquid phase reaction as the seed of the second thermal diffusion. Remarkably, the representative HEA‐NPs‐(14) with up to 14 elements exhibits extremely excellent multifunctional electrocatalytic performance for pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), alkaline methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Briefly, HEA‐NPs‐(14) only requires the ultralow overpotentials of 11 and 18 mV to deliver 10 mA cm−2 and exhibits ultralong durability for 400 and 264 h under 100 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 1 m KOH, respectively, which surpasses most advanced pH‐universal HER catalysts. Moreover, HEA‐NPs‐(14) also exhibits an impressive peak current density of 12.6 A mg−1Pt in 1 m KOH + 1 m MeOH and a half‐wave potential of 0.86 V (vs RHE.) in 0.1 m KOH. The work further expands the spectrum of possible metal alloys, which is important for the broad compositional space and future data‐driven material discovery.
Ionic Gel Based Multifunctional Sensor for Body Temperature Monitoring and Joint Motion Detection
Authors: Li Fan , Xue Hua , Lin Xiuzhu , Zhao Chao , Li Juan , Zhao Hongran , Zhang Tong 
Published: May 2023

Flexible temperature and strain sensors are key components of wearable devices for healthcare monitoring. Currently, the insufficient precision, undesirable mechanical properties, and the cross interference between different external stimuli are still bottleneck problems for flexible sensors especially in body temperature and human motion monitoring. Herein, an ionic gel based on ionic liquids (ILs) and commercial thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fiber is fabricated via a feasible and scalable immersion method for temperature and strain multifunctional sensing. Wearable sensor based on ionic gel exhibits high temperature sensitivity (2.73% ◦C−1) and sufficient resolution (0.1 ◦C) in the skin temperature range. Meanwhile, the sensor exhibits linear and stable strain sensing performance and has the ability to respond to tiny strains. More importantly, the multifunctional fiber‐like sensor is easy to integrate with traditional textile, which is beneficial to solve the wearability problems such as discomfort and impermeability in practical applications. Notably, the stimulus caused by strain can be almost avoided by sewing smart fibers into S‐shape during the temperature monitoring, which helps decouple the temperature and strain signals. As prepared intelligent textiles can accurately capture small fluctuations in temperature and detect the action amplitude of the human body, which is important for disease prediction and rehabilitation training of patients.
Boosting Ultrafast Trans‐Cis Photoisomerization and Intersystem Crossing in Nanocrystals of Double‐Bond Photoswitching Molecules
Authors: Pang Junhong , He Jiaxing , Deng Ziqi , Chen Wenbin , Chen Shunli , Ni Shaofei , Phillips David Lee , Dong Zhengya , Dang Li , Li Ming‐De 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDouble‐bond photoswitching molecules typically can undergo trans→cis photoisomerization, but their photoisomerization mechanisms in the solid state have been rarely reported. Herein, the excited‐state evolutions of trans‐azobenzene (AB), trans‐stilbene (TS), and N‐benzylideneaniline (NBA) are studied to unveil the relationship between the double‐bond photoswitching molecules and the photoisomerization kinetics in the solution phase and in nanocrystal suspensions (NCS). The photoisomerization rate of NBA is the fastest among these three molecules in the solution phase due to its most apparent single‐bond feature of the central double bond in the S1 state. The free space ordered crystal configuration boosts the photoisomerization rates of AB and TS in NCS to be faster than that of the solution phase because the hindrance of the wrapping solvent is eliminated in the crystals. In contrast, when NBA is prepared into NCS, it becomes distorted into a nonplanar structure because of the asymmetrical C‐H···π interactions, resulting in NBA having a large spin‐orbital coupling (SOC) value which opens the intersystem crossing channel to generate the triplet state instead of undergoing photoisomerization in solution. Therefore, this work reveals that the crystal configuration and the molecular structure may critically determine the photophysical properties of photoswitching materials.
Chiral TADF Polymers Realizing Highly‐Efficient Deep‐Red Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence Over 660 nm
Authors: Teng Jin‐Ming , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCircularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) from thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have been widely reported in recent years. However, a universal strategy for designing deep‐red chiral TADF emitters is still unexplored. Herein, to address the problem, a pair of chiral donor intermediates are designed and synthesized for preparing deep‐red chiral TADF emitters, and two novel chiral TADF polymers R‐P and S‐P are developed through this strategy. The polymers exhibit intense mirror‐image circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals in toluene dilute solution. Besides, a series of solution‐processed circularly polarized polymer light‐emitting diode (CP‐PLED) devices are fabricated with R‐P and S‐P. The corresponding devices achieve persuasive performance with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 6.2% and 5.8% at the wavelength of 662 nm, respectively. Besides, mirror‐image CPEL signals are detected with electroluminescence dissymmetry factors (gEL) of +1.6 × 10−3 and −1.7 × 10−3 from the corresponding CP‐PLED devices, respectively.
Synergistic Enhancement of Adeno‐Associated Virus‐Mediated In Vivo Direct Neuronal Reprogramming by Spatially Aligned Fibrous Matrices in Spinal Cord Injury Models
Authors: Kim Joowon , Son Yong‐Wook , Hwang Kyujin , Park Hyun‐Woo , Kim Yoojin , Kim Miri , Shin Jeong Eun , Park Kook In , Lee Slgirim , Jang Jae‐Hyung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn vivo direct neuronal reprogramming approaches, which convert host glial cells into neurons without using exogenous cellular supplies, have become a powerful strategy for neuronal regeneration. However, their effectiveness in severe spinal cord injury (SCI) models with a physical gap between the injured sites is unclear. This study highlights the important role of physical guidance in increasing the therapeutic efficacy of in vivo reprogramming technologies in SCI hemisection models. Reactive astrocytes are selected as host targets for conversion into neurons. An astrocyte‐tropic adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vector, AAVShH19, is used to deliver the neuronal transcription factor NeuroD1 to reactive astrocytes. The infusion of AAVShH19‐NeuroD1 induces astrocyte‐to‐neuron conversion, but improvement of locomotive function is not observed due to the physical distance between the rostral and caudal sides, which impedes axonal extension. To address this issue, electrospun fibrous matrices with adhesive and aligned structural features are implanted into the hemisection cavity and designed to release AAVShH19‐NeuroD1. The combination of the AAV‐mediated reprogramming approach and the matrices promoted astrocyte‐to‐neuron conversion and coordinated the elongation of neuronal axons along the fibers, leading to improved synaptic connections and motor function. This study demonstrates the potential of physical support to enhance the efficacy of direct neuronal reprogramming.
A One‐Stage Deep Learning Model for Industrial Defect Detection
Authors: Li Zhaoguo , Wei Xiumei , Hassaballah M. , Jiang Xuesong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndustrial defect detection is a hot topic in the field of computer vision and industry. Industrial defects are diverse and complex, and well‐known machine learning based methods can often not effectively extract features of industrial defects and achieve good detection results. To address the above problems, this paper introduces a deep learning model for industrial defect detection. First, a two‐branch decoupled head, which can facilitate model training through separating the prediction of category and regression is designed. Also, two inverted bottleneck structures are designed to enhance the ability of the model to extract features. Moreover, an attention‐enhanced feature fusion (AEFF) module is designed and integrated into the neck network to achieve effective feature fusion. Extensive experiments are conducted on three public datasets, namely the DeepPCB dataset, NEU‐DET dataset, and NRSD‐MN dataset. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves competitive results compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods. The proposed model achieves mAP@0.5:0.95, 71.78%, 36.04%, and 48.69% on the PCB dataset, NEU‐DET dataset, and the NRSD‐MN dataset, respectively.
Learning Hand Kinematics for Parkinson's Disease Assessment Using a Multimodal Sensor Glove
Authors: Li Yu , Yin Junyi , Liu Shuoyan , Xue Bing , Shokoohi Cyrus , Ge Gang , Hu Menglei , Li Tenghuan , Tao Xue , Rao Zhi , Meng Fanye , Shi Hongfeng , Ji Xiaoqiang , Servati Peyman , Xiao Xiao , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHand dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease include rigidity, muscle weakness, and tremor, which can severely affect the patient's daily life. Herein, a multimodal sensor glove is developed for quantifying the severity of Parkinson's disease symptoms in patients’ hands while assessing the hands’ multifunctionality. Toward signal processing, various algorithms are used to quantify and analyze each signal: Exponentially Weighted Average algorithm and Kalman filter are used to filter out noise, normalization to process bending signals, K‐Means Cluster Analysis to classify muscle strength grades, and Back Propagation Neural Network to identify and classify tremor signals with an accuracy of 95.83%. Given the compelling features, the flexibility, muscle strength, and stability assessed by the glove and the clinical observations are proved to be highly consistent with Kappa values of 0.833, 0.867, and 0.937, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients obtained by reliability evaluation experiments for the three assessments are greater than 0.9, indicating that the system is reliable. The glove can be applied to assist in formulating targeted rehabilitation treatments and improve hand recovery efficiency.
Selective NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor MCC950 Suppresses Inflammation and Facilitates Healing in Vascular Materials
Authors: Grant Angus J. , Yang Nianji , Moore Matthew J. , Lam Yuen Ting , Michael Praveesuda L. , Chan Alex H.P. , Santos Miguel , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Tan Richard P. , Wise Steven G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMinimally invasive interventions using drug‐eluting stents or balloons are a first‐line treatment for certain occlusive cardiovascular diseases, but the major long‐term cause of failure is neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). The drugs eluted from these devices are non‐specific anti‐proliferative drugs, such as paclitaxel (PTX) or sirolimus (SMS), which do not address the underlying inflammation. MCC950 is a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3‐inflammasome, which drives sterile inflammation commonly observed in NIH. Additionally, in contrast to broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory drugs, MCC950 does not compromise global immune function due this selective activity. In this study, MCC950 is found to not impact the viability, integrity, or function of human coronary endothelial cells, in contrast to the non‐specific anti‐proliferative effects of PTX and SMS. Using an in vitro model of NLRP3‐mediated inflammation in murine macrophages, MCC950 reduced IL‐1β expression, which is a key driver of NIH. In an in vivo mouse model of NIH in vascular grafts, MCC950 significantly enhanced re‐endothelialization and reduced NIH compared to PTX or SMS. These findings show the effectiveness of a targeted anti‐inflammatory drug‐elution strategy with significant implications for cardiovascular device intervention.
Deep Penetrating and Sensitive Targeted Magnetic Particle Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Early‐Stage Glioblastoma Based on a Biomimetic Nanoplatform
Authors: Huang Xiazi , Hui Hui , Shang Wenting , Gao Pengli , Zhou Yingying , Pang Weiran , Woo Chi Man , Tian Jie , Lai Puxiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarly diagnosis can effectively improve the survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). A specific imaging technique that is simultaneously deep penetrating and sensitive to small tissue changes is desired to identify GBM. Due to its excellent features in signal contrast, detection sensitivity, and none or little attenuation in tissue, magnetic particle imaging (MPI) possesses great potential in cancer diagnosis, especially when the imaging modality is equipped with specifically targeted nanoprobes. However, when gliomas are small, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is complete and prevents nanoprobes from entering the brain, which negates the theranostic effect. This study proposes a biomimetic nanoplatform that assist the MPI tracers in breaking through the BBB and then demonstrate a targeted and sensitive diagnosis of GBM. Afterward, the photothermal therapy and immune regulation show an excellent therapeutic effect on the GBM. It is experimentally confirmed that the MPI signal does not decay with tissue depth and shows excellent sensitivity for thousands‐cells. Only small animals are conducted in this study due to the limitations of the current commercial MPI scanner, however, this research theoretically enables large animal and human studies, which encourages a promising pathway toward the noninvasive diagnosis of early‐stage GBM in clinics.
Interplay between Liposomes and IgM: Principles, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Wang Huan , Lin Shiqi , Wu Xiying , Jiang Kuan , Lu Huiping , Zhan Changyou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiposomes have received tremendous attention as a class of versatile pharmaceutical vehicles of great potential over the past several decades. However, the application of liposomes encounters major challenges due to the knowledge gaps in their in vivo delivery process. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) displays both pervasiveness and complexity in regulating the biological functions as well as eliciting adverse effects of liposomes. Understanding, mitigating, and exploiting the duality of IgM are prerequisites for achieving various biomedical applications of liposomes. In this review, the intricate relationship between liposomes and their biological environments has been summarized, with an emphasis on the regulatory effects of IgM on in vivo performance of liposomes. Corresponding solutions have also been discussed to evade IgM‐mediated opsonization for safe and efficient drug delivery.
Inverse Design of Dual‐Band Optically Transparent Metasurface Absorbers with Neural‐Adjoint Method
Authors: Li Zhichen , Xu Jing , Zhang Lin , Li Yiwen , Yang Ruisheng , Fu Quanhong , Zhang Fuli , Fan Yuancheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMassive applications of microwave technology have led to a large amount of electromagnetic pollution, which seriously interferes with the normal operation of communication systems in people's daily life. Optically transparent metasurface absorber is emerging as a promising candidate for solving this problem in some specific scenarios. When designing multiband metasurface absorbers, the coupling within the cell structure generally prevents the independent modulation of the absorption effect in each band. The rapid development of deep learning provides a new way for designing high‐performance metasurface. Here, a forward network model is built to predict the absorption spectrum of the metasurface absorber. In the network model, 1D (one‐dimensional) inverse convolution is used as the upsampling layer, which enables the network model to have a good prediction on small data sets while avoiding overfitting on large data sets. Based on the network model, a dual‐band optically transparent metasurface absorber is also designed by employing the neural‐adjoint (NA) method. The results taking advantage of deep learning method for high‐efficiency design of metasurface absorbers without considering the coupling effect, have shown great capability to optimize the absorption efficiency of different frequency bands independently, which may provide an alternative way to design other multiband microwave devices.
Postsynthetische Photochemische Modifizierung und 2D Strukturierung von Zr‐MOF Dünnfilmen mit Benzophenon Linkermolekülen
Authors: Hindricks Karen D. J. , Schaate Andreas , Behrens Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFür die Herstellung von MOF‐basierten Bauteilen der nächsten Generation ist die Verfügbarkeit hochgradig anpassungsfähiger Materialien in geeigneten Formen entscheidend. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir Dünnfilme eines Metall‐organischen Gerüstes (MOF) mit photoreaktiven Benzophenon‐Brückenmolekülen vor. Kristalline, orientierte und poröse Filme des Zirkonium‐basierten bzpdc‐MOF (bzpdc=Benzophenon‐4‐4′‐dicarboxylat) können über direktes Wachstum auf Silizium‐ oder Glassubstraten hergestellt werden. Durch eine anschließende photochemische Modifizierung der Zr‐bzpdc‐MOF‐Filme lassen sich verschiedene Eigenschaften mittels kovalenter Anbindung von Modifizierungsreagenzien postsynthetisch einstellen. Neben der Modifizierung mit kleinen Molekülen sind auch grafting‐from Polymerisationsreaktionen möglich und in einer weiteren Ausbaustufe sogar die 2D‐Strukturierung und das Fotoschreiben definierter Strukturen; z.B. durch einen fotolithographischen Ansatz, der den Weg zu mikro‐strukturierten MOF‐Oberflächen ebnet.
Polycation‐Regulated Electrolyte and Interfacial Electric Fields for Stable Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Peng Mengke , Tang Xiannong , Xiao Kang , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractZn metal as one of promising anode materials for aqueous batteries but suffers from disreputable dendrite growth, grievous hydrogen evolution and corrosion. Here, a polycation additive, polydiallyl dimethylammonium chloride (PDD), is introduced to achieve long‐term and highly reversible Zn plating/stripping. Specifically, the PDD can simultaneously regulate the electric fields of electrolyte and Zn/electrolyte interface to improve Zn2+ migration behaviors and guide dominant Zn (002) deposition, which is veritably detected by Zeta potential, Kelvin probe force microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy. Moreover, PDD also creates a positive charge‐rich protective outer layer and a N‐rich hybrid inner layer, which accelerates the Zn2+ desolvation during plating process and blocks the direct contact between water molecules and Zn anode. Thereby, the reversibility and long‐term stability of Zn anodes are substantially improved, as certified by a higher average coulombic efficiency of 99.7 % for Zn||Cu cells and 22 times longer life for Zn||Zn cells compared with that of PDD‐free electrolyte.
Postsynthetic Photochemical Modification and 2D Structuring of Zr‐MOF Thin Films Containing Benzophenone Linker Molecules
Authors: Hindricks Karen D. J. , Schaate Andreas , Behrens Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor the fabrication of next‐generation MOF‐based devices the availability of highly adaptable materials in suitable shapes is crucial. Here, we present thin films of a metal–organic framework (MOF) containing photoreactive benzophenone units. Crystalline, oriented and porous films of the zirconium‐based bzpdc‐MOF (bzpdc=benzophenone‐4‐4′‐dicarboxylate) are prepared by direct growth on silicon or glass substrates. Via a subsequent photochemical modification of the Zr‐bzpdc‐MOF films, various properties can be tuned postsynthetically by covalent attachment of modifying agents. Apart from the modification with small molecules, also grafting‐from polymerization reactions are possible. In a further extension, 2D structuring and photo‐writing of defined structures is also possible, for example by using a photolithographic approach, paving the way towards micro‐patterned MOF surfaces.
Photostable Organic Two‐photon Dyes with Ultrahigh Brightness for Long‐term Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Chen Ruizhe , Pan Yonghui , Wu Zizi , Jia Mingxuan , Miao Xiaofei , Lu Xiaomei , Fan Quli , Hu Wenbo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeveloping photostable two‐photon dyes with high brightness and negligible photocytotoxicity is of key importance in fluorescence imaging but remains a huge challenge. Here, a two‐photon dye with ultrahigh brightness and photostability is demonstrated for high‐performance long‐term two‐photon fluorescence imaging. By terminated donor engineering, the designed DBD shows a higher two‐photon absorption cross‐section (δ, 418 GM vs 329 GM) and photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL, 62.74% vs 54.63%) than its counterpart DBA. As a consequence, two‐photon fluorescence brightness (δ×ΦPL) of DBD exhibits a 10‐folded enhancement (262 GM vs 19 GM) in comparison with typical Coumarin 307 dye. More importantly, DBD displays ultrahigh photostability and negligible photobleaching under 10 min femtosecond laser irradiation, which stands in marked contrast to Coumarin 307. Furthermore, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy ascribes this ultrahigh photostability and negligible photobleaching to the inefficient intersystem crossing. With these merits, DBD can be used long‐term two‐photon fluorescence imaging in vitro.