bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Human T Lymphocyte Antigens by Killer Cells
Authors: Kaplan Joseph , Callewaert Denis M. , Peterson Ward D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
K cells, the effectors of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, were found to express human T but not B lymphocyte antigens detected by rabbit anti-HTLA and anti-HBLA. Pretreatment of effector cells with anti-HTLA+C inhibited ADCC by specifically lysing K cells: no inhibition of ADCC by anti-HTLA occurred when ΔC was substituted for C. By contrast, pretreatment of effector cells with anti-HBLA nonspecifically inhibited ADCC, probably by forming antigen-antibody complexes with HBLA+ cells in effector suspensions: a) treatment with anti-HBLA+ΔC was more inhibitory of ADCC than treatment with anti-HBLA+C, and b) the inhibitory effect of anti-HBLA on ADCC was either eliminated or markedly reduced if effector suspensions were first passed through a nylon fiber column, a procedure that removed most HBLA+ cells without affecting K cell activity. HTLA antigens expressed by K cells and NK cells are the same as HTLA antigens expressed by thymocytes since thymocytes completely absorb the anti-K cell and NK cell reactivity of anti-HTLA.
Induction of B Cell Priming by Neonatal Injection of Mice with Thymic-Independent (Type 2) Antigens
Authors: Mosier D. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice injected at birth with the thymus-independent type 2 antigen TNP-AECM-Ficoll have augmented anti-TNP antibody responses when their spleen cells subsequently are challenged in vitro with TNP-coupled thymic independent or thymic dependent antigens. This neonatal priming effect was shown to occur in neonatal nu/nu mice and thus does not appear to require T lymphocytes. The primary explanation for the priming effect seems to be an increase of approximately 10-fold in the numbers of TNP-specific precursors of antibody-forming cells. The neonatal injection of TNP-AECM-Ficoll induces little or no antibody formation directly. It appears, therefore, that some thymic independent antigens can deliver a signal to immature B cells, which causes clonal expansion, but is unable to induce differentiation into antibody-forming cells.
Effect of Splenectomy on the Expression of Regulatory T Cell Activity
Authors: Amsbaugh Diana F. , Prescott Benjamin , Baker Phillip J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of adult splenectomy on the expression of suppressor and amplifier T cell activity was examined with respect to the serum antibody response to Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) by using a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Suppressor T cell activity, as measured by the degree of low-dose paralysis induced, was not impaired in the least by splenectomy; however, amplifier T cell activity was almost completely eliminated within 7 days after splenectomy. These findings indicate that suppressor T cell activity is not confined solely to the spleen, the major site of antibody synthesis after immunization with SSS-III, and that the spleen may be an important site for the generation and/or maintenance of amplifier T cell activity.
Double Expression of VH Region a2 and a3 Allotypes in Individual Rabbit Lymphocytes
Authors: Wolf Benjamin , Wang Shaw-Shyan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study provides evidence that two VH region a group allotypic specificities are synthesized by individual peripheral blood lymphocytes from a2,3 rabbits. After removal of both all types from the cell surface with pronase, three types of allotype-bearing cells, a2, a3, and a2,3 were demonstrable after overnight culture in serum-free medium. Frequently, greater than 50% of the cells that contained allotype on the surface resynthesized both allotypes. In culture, reappearance of allotype was first detectable at 4 hr and increased progressively thereafter to a maximum at 18 hr. During regrowth, the relative proportion of cells showing both markers was maintained. The predominance of cells exhibiting only a3 over those displaying only a2 was also maintained. Reappearance of allotype was inhibited by cycloheximide but was manifested when the antibiotic was washed out. Monospecific anti-a2 antibodies could completely suppress the resynthesis of homologous allotype in culture and prevent the regeneration of a2 in double-bearing cells. Likewise, anti-a3 in cultures was usually specifically suppressive for a3 allotype; however, the double producers were only partially depleted.
Regulation of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reactions by Cyclophosphamide-Sensitive T Cells
Authors: Schwartz Anthony , Askenase Philip W. , Gershon Richard K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The onset, intensity, and duration of DTH reactions elicited in mice immunized with either SRBC or products of the major histocompatibility complex can be altered significantly by pretreatment with CY 1 to 2 days before immunization. Such drug pretreatment tends to augment low DTH responses caused by the use of too much antigen and to diminish many responses that are optimal. Thus, pretreatment with CY does not specifically eliminate suppressor cells. Our results are most consistent with the notion that the cellular targets of low doses of CY are positive and negative feedback regulatory cells, which may consist of one population with two effects or, more likely, two distinct cell populations.
Quantitative Differences in Immune Responses during the Various Stages of the Estrous Cycle in Female BALB/c Mice
Authors: Krzych Urszula , Strausser Helen R. , Bressler Joseph P. , Goldstein Allan L. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The immune responsiveness of spleens from female BALB/c mice to PHA, Con A, and LPS was greater at proestrus and metestrus as compared with estrus and diestrus. The peaks of responsiveness corresponded to reported elevated levels of estrogen and pregnenolone during these phases of the cycle. Similar results were obtained with the IgM or direct plaque-forming cell responses, which were also increased at proestrus and metestrus. It appears that female hormones may directly or indirectly stimulate immune responsiveness in adult mice.
Monoclonal Antibodies to H-2 and Ia Antigens
Authors: Oi V. T. , Goding J. W. , Jones P. P. , Herzenberg L. A. , Herzenberg L. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Seven stable hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal IgG antibodies reacting with H-2 and Ia antigens have been established. The lines were obtained by fusing NS-1, a nonsecreting variant of MOPC-21 (Köhler, G., Howe, S. C., and Milstein, C., Eur. J. Immunol. 1976. 6: 292) with spleen cells from either BALB/c or C3H.SW.Igb (CWB) mice that had been immunized with H-2k haplotype spleen cells. One of the monoclonal antibodies reacts with H-2Kk determinants; the remaining six react with determinants mapping to the I-Ak subregion. The antigens bound by the anti-I-Ak antibodies were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and were found to consist of the same polypeptide chains as are precipitated by anti-I-Ak alloantisera. The Ia antigenic determinants recognized by these monoclonal antibodies and their presence on lymphocyte subpopulations have been characterized by 125I-binding assays, complement-mediated cytotoxicity, and immunofluorescence, by using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS).
Functional Differences Between Macrophage Subpopulations
Authors: Cowing Carol , Pincus Seth H. , Schwartz Benjamin D. , Sachs David H. , Dickler Howard B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The expression of Ia antigens on murine macrophages was studied by indirect immunofluorescence, microcytotoxicity, and biosynthetic labeling. The majority of peritoneal macrophages lacked Ia antigens. When splenic macrophages were examined, it was found that the majority of these cells expressed Ia antigens and that these were synthesized by the macrophages. All the splenic macrophages which reacted with alloantibody raised against the whole I region expressed I-A subregion antigens, while only a subset of these cells also expressed I-E or C subregion antigens.
When antigen-pulsed normal peritoneal and spleen macrophage-enriched cell populations were compared for their ability to stimulate antigen specific proliferation of primed lymph node T cells, a positive correlation was found between the number of Ia bearing phagocytic cells and T cell DNA synthesis. Spleen adherent cells and T cells were then treated with subregion restricted anti-Ia antisera and complement.
Three Separable Molecules Bearing Ia Antigens Determined by the H-2d Haplotype
Authors: Sachs David H. , Hansen Ted H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A (B10 × D2.GD)F1 anti-B10.D2 antiserum was prepared in order to examine Ia antigens determined by genes to the right of the I-A subregion of the H-2d haplotype. This antiserum complement-mediated lysis of H-2a and H-2d spleen cells to a titer of 1:256, indicative of its activity against Dd antigens. Absorption with B10.A spleen cells left anti-Ia (B cell) cytotoxic reactivity to a titer of 1:64 when tested on H-2d spleen cells. This correlates with, and helps to define, the recently described I-E subregion specificity, Ia.23, of the H-2d haplotype (C. S. David, in press). Absorption of this antiserum with B10.BR spleen cells remove all cytotoxic activity against B10.A(2R) spleen cells, indicating either that the serum contained no detectable antibodies to private Ia antigens determined by the I-Cd subregion or that the I-C subregion of H-2a is not identical to that of H-2d.
Structural Analysis of Murine and Human Ia Alloantigens
Authors: Allison J. P. , Walker L. E. , Russell W. A. , Ferrone S. , Reisfeld R. A. , Pellegrino M. A. , Frelinger J. A. , Silver J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We are determining the structure of the murine Ia alloantigens determined by the IA and IC subregions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and comparing their structure to their human counterparts, i.e, DR antigens. Murine Ia and human DR antigens are isolated by indirect immunoprecipitation using highly specific allo and xenogeneic antisera, respectively. The molecular properties and N-terminal sequence of these cell surface proteins is determined using procedures that have previously provided detailed structural information for the K and D gene products of the MHC. Ia antigens determined by the IA and IC subregions each consist of two non-covalently associated molecules of 35,000–37,000 daltons and 28,000–29,000 daltons while the human DR alloantigens consist of two noncovalently associated molecules of 34,000 daltons and 29,000 daltons. Partial N-terminal sequence analysis indicates that while there is no apparent homology between the murine Ia alloantigens determined by the IA and IC subregions, the human DR alloantigen is structurally equivalent to the IC subregion alloantigen.
Structure of Guinea Pig Ia Antigens
Authors: Waxdal M. J. , Basham T. Y. , Clement L. , Shevach E. , Schwartz B. , Tyran B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pig Ia molecules bearing the markers 3, 5 and 7 (strain 13) and 4, 5 (strain 2) were isolated from spleen and lymph node cells. In the molecules bearing the 7 and the 4, 5 markers, the 25,000 and 33,000 MW polypeptide chains are linked by disulfide bonds. The molecules bearing the 3, 5 markers do not have polypeptide chains linked by disulfide bonds. These glycoproteins were metabolically labeled with tritiated amino acids and purified by NP-40 lysis, affinity chromatography on columns of lentil lectin and specific immunoabsorbents, followed by SDS-PAGE. In some cases the immunoabsorbent chromatography was replaced by immunoprecipitation using SaCI. The radioactive polypeptide chains were eluted from the gel and characterized by peptide mapping and by sequence analysis of the N-terminal regions of the 25,000 MW chains. The preliminary results indicate that all three 25,000 MW chains studied were homologous.
Influence of Non H-2 Linked Ir Genes on the Response of Mice to Insulins of Different Species
Authors: Keck Klaus , Momayezi Massoud 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have previously shown that the IgG response of mice to different insulins is controlled by H-2 linked Ir genes. Furthermore, the A-Chain loops of some insulins act as carrier determinants. The response to insulins is inherited as a dominant or recessive trait. More recent experiments show that in addition to H-2 linked Ir genes, other genes play an important role in the response to these antigens. (a) Complementation of two nonresponding strains to a high responding hybrid can only be achieved if at least one of the parental strains has a C3H background. (b) Induction of tolerance to the immunogenic sheep insulin can be induced by preimmunisation with the less immunogenic pig insulin only in C3H/He mice, but not other strains bearing the same H-2 haplotype. (c) A primary IgM response to pig insulin can only be induced in B10. BR but not in C3H/He mice, although both strains carry the same H-2 haplotype.
Determinant Selection by Mouse Strains Responding to (Glu Lys Phe)Terpolymers: Relevance to the Ir Gene Complementation Phenomenon
Authors: Maurer Paul H. , Merryman Carmen F. , Lai Chang-Hai , Babu Uma Mahesh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Based upon our findings that copolymers of (Glu Phe) are immunogenic in mice of H-2 haplotypes a, k, p and q, and experiments done in collaboration with Drs. Baltz and Feldmann which indicated that H-2k mice respond to GLPhe11, we have reinvestigated the immune responses of the inbred, congenic and recombinant mice to GLPhe terpolymers. In addition to analyzing responses for antibody, the in vitro T cell proliferative responses were assayed with a number of “cross-reacting” immunogenic and nonimmunogenic terpolymers. Several important findings were noted: 1) Antibody against GLPhe was produced by mice of H-2 haplotypes a, d, k, p and q. 2) H-2d T cells responded to GLPhe11, GLPhe5 and GLT5, but not to GPhe. 3) H-2k T cells were stimulated by GLPhe11, weakly by GPhe, but not by GLPhe5 or GLT5. 4) H-2p T cells were stimulated by GLPhe11, weakly by GLPhe5 and GPhe, but not by GLT5.
Ir Gene Control of T Cell Responses to the Male Specific Antigen H-Y
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth , Hurme Mikko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Female mice of the H-2b haplotype possess a dominant Ir gene controlling H-2 restricted cytotoxic T cell responses to H-Y. This gene maps in the IA subregion, but requires appropriate associative antigens coded by K or D end genes in order for the response to be initiated and effected. Separable from the Ir gene controlling anti-H-Y cytotoxic responses in H-2b mice is a dominant Ir gene in the IB subregion and this controls the ability of female mice to reject syngeneic male skin grafts. It does not apparently require associative K/D antigens for its operation.
Mouse strains of independent haplotypes other than H-2b are nonresponders to H-Y, both with respect to the generation of H-2 restricted cytotoxic responses and to skin graft rejection. However, certain F1 hybrids (e.g. k/d, k/s, k/a, k/q, d/s) are responders in that they make cytotoxic responses to H-Y, although none of them reject skin grafts.
Functional Capacities of Ia-Bearing Langerhans Cells
Authors: Stingl G. , Katz S. I. , Clement L. , Green I. , Shevach E. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC) represent a small subpopulation of the mammalian epidermis. Though morphologically well characterized the functional role of these cells is still unknown. The previous hypothesis that LC are functionally related to macrophages is strongly supported by the recent finding that human and guinea pig epidermal LC express Fc-IgG receptors, C3 receptors and Ia antigens. In this study we investigated whether guinea pig LC can mediate the same immunologic functions as Ia-bearing macrophages. LC-enriched (LC-e) and LC-depleted (LC-d) epidermal cells were prepared by separation of Fc-IgG rosetting epidermal cells on density gradients. The percentage of LC ranged from 18–35% in the enriched fraction and from 0.2–0.5% in the depleted fraction as evaluated by histochemical staining techniques. Virtually all the Ia activity was restricted to the LC-e population as determined by immunoprecipitation experiments.
Role of Suppressor T Cells in Ir Gene Restricted Macrophage-T Cell Interactions in (Responder × Nonresponder)F1 Mice Primed to l-Glutamic Acid60-l-Alanine30-l-Tyrosine10 (GAT)
Authors: Germain Ronald N. , Benacerraf Baruj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
(Responder (R) × Nonresponder (NR))F1 mice give indistinguishable primary PFC responses in vitro to GAT-pulsed parental R or NR macrophages (Mϕ). It was recently shown that such (R × NR)F1 mice, if primed to GAT, retained responsiveness to GAT-R-Mϕ, but no longer responded to GAT-NR-Mϕ, suggesting a possible Mϕ-related locus for Ir gene activity in this model. We have now found that Ir related restriction in such GAT-primed F1 mice is at least in part related to the stimulation of suppressor T cells. (B6 × D1)F1 (H-2b/q) mice were primed with 100 µg GAT in Maalox with pertussis. Some mice were pretreated with 5–10 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CY) 3 days prior to immunization. Two to eight weeks later, the spleens of these mice were tested in vitro for PFC responses to GAT-pulsed parental Mϕ. Primed F1 mice responded only to GAT-B6-Mϕ. CY pretreated mice responded to both GAT-B6-Mϕ and GAT-D1-Mϕ.
I-J Region Regulation of Macrophage-T Lymphocyte Interaction in the in Vitro Antibody Response
Authors: Niederhuber John E. , Mayo L. , Allen Paul 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The specificity of macrophages (mϕ) in regulation of the antibody response is important to the understanding of antigen processing, Ir-gene control, and mϕ-T cell interaction. We have demonstrated the requirement for Ia bearing macrophages in the in vitro antibody response. Using restricted anti-Ia sera, experiments were designed to determine the critical I subregion for this region. 107 mϕ depleted T and B spleen cells were added to 5–10 × 105 anti-Thy 1.2 plus anti-Ig sera purified mϕ. The mϕ fraction was then treated with either anti-Ia sera plus rabbit complement, thus deleting Ia+ mϕ, or they were treated only with the Ia antisera, which blocked appropriate Ia surface molecules. Both methods were used in the same experiment. Alloantisera specific for the I-J subregion with or without complement were equally capable of significant inhibition of the plaque forming response. Anti-Ia sera specific for products of other I subregions, for example the I-A subregion, eliminate mϕ function only in the presence of complement.
H-2 Linked Responsiveness Is Acquired by Low Responder Lymphocytes Differentiating in the Thymus of High Responders
Authors: von Boehmer H. , Haas W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cytotoxic T cells appear to recognize Y-antigen and H-2 as distinct entities: 1) XX H-2b T cells depleted of cells reactive to H-2k alloantigens fail to recognize putative neoantigens formed by H-2k and Y-antigens while reacting to XY H-2b cells. 2) XX H-2b T cells from XX H-2b → XX (H-2k × (H-2b) chimeras can be induced to lyse XY H-2b as well as XY H-2k targets. In contrast XY H-2b T cells from such chimeras lyse neither XY H-2b nor XY H-2k targets.
H-2i5 and H-2k mice are low responders to Y-antigen. H-2i5 lack Y-specific precursors for killer cells while H-2k mice lack Y-specific helpers supporting expansion and/or differentiation of Y-specific killers: H-2i5 lymphocytes differentiating in (H-2k × H-2b) X-irradiated recipients acquire responsiveness to Y-antigen while H-2k lymphocytes do not. (H-2k × H-2b) lymphocytes differentiating in H-2k recipients lose the ability to respond to Y-antigen.
Adaptive Differentiation of Murine B and T Lymphocytes
Authors: Katz David H. , Skidmore Barry J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The concept of adaptive differentiation predicts that early differentiation of lymphocytes can be conditioned by the environment in which such differentiation takes place such that the capacity for most effective cell-cell interactions between such lymphocytes, which is controlled by major histocompatibility complex-linked genes, is learned in the process of such differentiation. In these studies, we have tested the capacities of both helper T lymphocytes and hapten-primed B lymphocytes primed in the environments of all combinations of bone marrow chimeras prepared between two parental strains (i.e. A/J and BALB/c) and their corresponding F1 hybrid (CAF1) to interact with cooperating B or T cells derived from conventional parental and F1 donors as well as all of the corresponding bone marrow chimera combinations.
In Vitro Studies on the Cellular Site of Ir-Gene Expression
Authors: Kappler John W. , Marrack Philippa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
(TG)-A--L-primed T cells from high responder × low responder F1 mice induced high anti-TNP responses to TNP-(TG)-A--L in vitro in B cells and macrophages (Mϕ) from the high responder parent, but low responses in B cells and Mϕ from the low responder parent. Mixing experiments established that high responsiveness required the presence of both high responder B cells and Mϕ in the cultures demonstrating the expression of Ir-genes in both of these cell types.
Irradiation chimeras were prepared by transferring parental bone marrow into irradiated F1 recipients. (TG)-A--L-primed T cells bearing the low responder H-2 type were isolated from these chimeras and shown to induce high responses in vitro with high responder B cells and Mϕ. Thus, it was not obligatory that helper T cells carry the high responder Ir-gene in order to obtain a high response.
Irradiation chimeras were prepared by transferring F1 bone marrow into irradiated low responder parental mice.
Genetic Control of Immune Suppression
Authors: Kontiainen Sirkka , Simpson Elizabeth , Feldmann Marc 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Suppressor T cells induced in vitro by high concentrations of antigen release suppressor factors into their medium if incubated for 24 hours with antigen. Since there are reports that extracts of suppressor cells are related to immune response gene function, the capacity of responder or nonresponder strains to produce suppressor factor (SF) was investigated. Both responder and nonresponder strains produced SF to (T,G)-A--L and GAT. This together with differences in the target and the lack of H-2 restrictions indicates that SF is quite distinct from suppressor cell extracts, despite both having I-J controlled determinants and an antigen combining site.
The structure of SF was analysed using serological means. Rabbit and mouse antisera were raised against SF purified by absorption and elution from antigen columns. Rabbit antisera were not specific for strain or antigen specificity of SF, but did not react with helper factor, and thus defined a “constant region.”
Helper Factors
Authors: Howie Sarah , Feldmann Marc 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mechanism of action of murine antigen specific T cell helper factors to two synthetic polypeptide antigens under MHC control (GAT10 and (T,G)-A--L) has been analysed at the cellular level in vitro. Such factors stimulate antibody forming responses only in the presence of B cells and macrophages. Macrophages have binding sites for the factors and macrophages which have bound helper factor and antigen can activate macrophage depleted B cells in the absence of further factor or antigen. Ir gene defects have been located at the macrophage-B cell interaction in low responder strains of mice. Appropriate mouse anti-Ia sera block the binding of helper factors to macrophages indicating that the macrophage acceptor site may involve Ia antigens. The presence of Ir gene defects on B cells is currently being examined.