bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Road to Retirement: A Life Course Perspective on Labor Market Trajectories and Retirement Behaviors
Authors: Brydsten Anna , Hasselgren Caroline , Stattin Mikael , Larsson Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
While a prolonged working life has been mainly feasible for people with the most advantageous working careers, knowledge about the barriers for those with vulnerable occupational paths is still scarce. This study explores the conditions for prolonged working life from a perspective on labor market trajectories. Drawing from a gendered life course perspective and that (dis)advantageous tends to accumulate over time, we investigate the opportunity structure for the most disadvantaged workers and which characteristics of labor market trajectories can explain the decision to work longer. To this end, a Swedish longitudinal survey and register data from the Panel Survey of Ageing and the Elderly (PSAE) were used, following people across a substantial part of their working life. With sequence analysis, we identified 5 trajectories that represent typical labor market trajectories from mid-life until retirement age. Our findings showed that labor market precarity in mid-life remained a key characteristic until the expected retirement age, showing both early signs of early labor market exit and a precarity trap into a prolonged working life. These findings emphasize the need to identify at-risk groups early in their careers and that mid-life interventions are needed to prevent involuntary labor market exits and to ensure a sustainable working life. In particular, the need to protect older workers with turbulent or precarious labor market trajectories against labor market risks and retirement schemes that could inadvertently contribute to increased social and economic inequality in later life.
The intraoperative management of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy
Authors: Chiumello Davide , Fratti Isabella , Coppola Silvia 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has become the second most commonly performed robotic surgical procedure worldwide, therefore, anesthesiologists should be aware of the intraoperative pathophysiological consequences. The aim of this narrative review is to report the most recent updates regarding the intraoperative management of anesthesia, ventilation, hemodynamics and central nervous system, during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Recent findings
Surgical innovations and the advent of new technologies make it imperative to optimize the anesthesia management to provide the most holistic approach possible. In addition, an ageing population with an increasing burden of comorbidities requires multifocal attention to reduce the surgical stress.

Summary
Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and balanced general anesthesia are similar in terms of postoperative complications and hospital stay. Reversal of rocuronium is associated with shorter hospital stay and postanesthesia recovery time. Adequate PEEP levels improve oxygenation and driving pressure, and the use of a single recruitment maneuver after the intubation reduces postoperative pulmonary complications. Restrictive intravenous fluid administration minimizes bladder–urethra anastomosis complications and facial edema. TIVA maintains a better autoregulation compared with balanced general anesthesia. Anesthesiologists should be able to optimize the intraoperative management to improve outcomes.
Ceftriaxone Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in 2 Pediatric Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy
Authors: Cervantes Francisco C. , Mizuno Tomoyuki , Dong Min , Tang Peter , Arbough Trent , Vinks Alexander A. , Kaplan Jennifer M. , Tang Girdwood Sonya C. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Critically ill patients with cardiac or respiratory failure may require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Antibiotics are frequently administered when the suspected cause of organ failure is an infection. Ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic, is commonly used in patients who are critically ill. Although studies in adults on ECMO have suggested minimal impact on ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics, limited research exists on ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) in pediatric ECMO patients. We report the PK profiles and target attainment of 2 pediatric patients on ECMO who received ceftriaxone.

Methods:
Ceftriaxone concentrations were measured in 2 pediatric patients on ECMO using scavenged opportunistic sampling. PK profiles were generated and individual PK parameters were estimated using measured free ceftriaxone concentrations and a published population PK model in children who are critically ill, using Bayesian estimation.

Results:
Patient 1, an 11-year-old boy on venovenous ECMO for respiratory failure received 2 doses of 52 mg/kg ceftriaxone 12 hours apart while on ECMO and additional doses every 12 hours off ECMO. On ECMO, ceftriaxone clearance was 13.0 L/h/70 kg compared with 7.6 L/h/70 kg off ECMO, whereas the model-predicted mean clearance in children who are critically ill without ECMO support was 6.54 L/h/70 kg. Patient 2, a 2-year-old boy on venoarterial ECMO due to cardiac arrest received 50 mg/kg ceftriaxone every 12 hours while on ECMO for >7 days. Only clearance while on ECMO could be estimated (9.1 L/h/70 kg). Trough concentrations in both patients were >1 mg/L (the breakpoint for Streptococcus pneumoniae) while on ECMO.

Conclusions:
ECMO increased ceftriaxone clearance above the model-predicted clearances in the 2 pediatric patients studied. Twelve-hour dosing allowed concentrations to remain above the breakpoint for commonly targeted bacteria but not 4 times the breakpoint in one patient, suggesting that precision dosing may be beneficial to ensure target attainment in children on ECMO.
Patients Prefer Ultrasound to Nerve Conduction Studies for the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Carrozzi Sabrina , Schulz William , Beckwitt Colin H. , Wera Jeffrey , Wasil Karen , Fowler John R. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
The net promoter score (NPS) allows analysis of patient satisfaction and preference between treatment and/or diagnostic testing. Electrodiagnostic testing (EDX) and ultrasound (US) are commonly used diagnostic tests for carpal tunnel syndrome. Although EDX is reliable for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), it can be uncomfortable and inconvenient for patients. We aimed to determine whether patients preferred US or EDX studies for the diagnosis of CTS, using the NPS.

Methods:
Seventy-five patients presenting to the clinic for evaluation of CTS complaints who had EDX were prospectively studied. US evaluation of the median nerve was then completed at time of evaluation. Patient satisfaction was determined by asking, “how likely are you to recommend this procedure to a friend or relative?” for both EDX and US. Patient demographics, comorbidities, CTS-6 questionnaire (CTS-6), and functionality assessed through patient-reported qDASH were also recorded.

Results:
Sixty-five patients were included in the study. Most patients did not have any comorbidities and were nonsmokers. The gender composition was similar, and the average age of the enrolled patients was 58. The NPS for US was significantly higher than EDX (P < 0.0001). Patients with diabetes mellitus rated their EDX experience significantly lower than those without diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions:
Patients are more likely to recommend US instead of EDX in the evaluation of CTS complaints. This allows for shared decision-making between the patient and provider if ordering diagnostic testing for CTS.
Safety and Efficacy of Goniotomy following Failed Surgery for Glaucoma
Authors: Lin Fengbin , Nie Xin , Shi Jiguang , Song Yunhe , Lv Aiguo , Li Xiaoyan , Lu Ping , Zhang Hengli , Jin Ling , Tang Guangxian , Fan Sujie , Weinreb Robert N. , Zhang Xiulan 
Published: September 2023

Précis:
Goniotomy (GT) is an alternative surgery for patients with prior failed surgery for glaucoma.

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of GT in patients with prior failed surgery for glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective, observational multicentered study was performed for patients who underwent GT with prior single or multiple surgery for glaucoma. Outcome measures included intraocular pressure (IOP) change, best-corrected visual acuity change, ocular hypotensive medication use, and occurrence of adverse events through 12 months. Complete success was defined as a postoperative IOP within 6–18 mmHg and a 20% reduction from baseline without ocular hypotensive medications. Qualified success was the same as the definition of complete success, except for postoperative use of medication. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the potential factors for surgical success.

Results:
A total of 38 eyes of 34 patients were included. Twenty-three eyes had only 1 prior surgery, 13 eyes had 2 prior surgeries, 1 eye had 3 prior surgeries, and 1 eye had 4 prior surgeries. At month 12, there was complete success in 42.1% of the eyes and qualified success in 78.9% of the eyes. Preoperatively, the mean IOP was 29.4±6.9 mmHg and the median number of glaucoma medications used was 3.0 (2.0, 4.0); this decreased to 16.7±3.6 mmHg (43.2% reduction; P<0.001) and 2.0 (0.0, 3.0) (P<0.001) at month 12, respectively. The most common complications included hyphema (13.2%), IOP spike (7.9%), and corneal edema (5.2%). Older age significantly contributed to surgical success.

Conclusions:
GT seems to be a safe and effective procedure for patients with prior failed surgery for glaucoma.
Treatment Outcomes for Juvenile Open Angle Glaucoma in Thailand
Authors: Seresirikachorn Kasem , Thiamthat Warakorn , Annopawong Kornkamol , Wanichwecharungruang Boonsong , Friedman David S. , Vu Daniel M. 
Published: September 2023

Précis:
Juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG) patients with thick central corneas and negative family history were more likely to undergo surgery, mainly trabeculectomy with half requiring additional surgery within 10 years.

Purpose:
To assess the characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with JOAG in Thailand.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective, multicenter study included all patients diagnosed with JOAG over 12 years from 2 tertiary hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand.

Results:
A total of 200 eyes from 104 patients were included in this study. The mean age of onset was 24.0±10.1 years (range: 5–40 y), with male predominance (60.5%). Over 90% of patients had bilateral JOAG and 25% had a positive family history. Negative family history (adjusted odds ratio=4.59, P=0.02) and thick central corneal thickness were surgical predictors (every 10 µm adjusted odds ratio=1.29, P=0.01). Over 70% of cases needed glaucoma surgery. Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin-C was performed on 131 eyes (65.5%) with a cumulative probability of complete success of 71.0%, 57.8%, 39.2%, and 26.9% and qualified success of 86.3%, 73.6%, 64.8%, and 45.7% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The mean follow-up after surgery was 94.9 ± 69.8 months (range: 13–153 mo). There were no serious postoperative complications. Myopia and the number of baseline glaucoma medications were significantly associated with surgical failure.

Conclusions:
Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C was the most common primary surgery performed in Thai patients with JOAG, and successfully reduced intraocular pressure without significant complications. Patients with thicker corneas were more likely to undergo surgery. By 10 years, half of the patients required additional surgery and risk factors for failure included myopia and the number of medications.
Association of Maternal Body Mass Index During Early Pregnancy With Offspring Lower Respiratory Infections: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Li Yang , Xie Qiuling , Huang Heyu , Gissler Mika , Zhang Xi , Lee Priscilla Ming Yi , Svendsen Katrine , Huang Lisu , Li Jiong , Fu Bo 
Published: September 2023

Objective:
To assess whether or to what extent maternal obesity during early pregnancy could increase the risk of offspring lower respiratory infections (LRI).

Study design:
This population-based cohort included 688,457 live singleton births born in Denmark between 2004 and 2016. The exposure was maternal body mass index (BMI) during early pregnancy, and the outcome was LRI in offspring. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association. We also performed subanalysis stratified by the LRI onset age, number of infection episodes before the age of 3, infection pathogens, infection sites, duration of hospital stay due to LRI and allergic constitution of children.

Results:
A total of 64,725 LRIs in offspring were identified during follow-up. Maternal overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), moderate or severe obesity (BMI 30.0–39.9 kg/m2) and very severe obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) were associated with a 7% (95% CI: 5%–9%), 16% (95% CI: 14%–19%) and 21% (95% CI: 13%–28%) increased risk of LRI in offspring, respectively. Higher maternal BMI was positively associated with earlier onset age, more episodes before the age of 3, and longer hospital stay of LRI in offspring. In addition, allergic constitution of offspring significantly enhanced the effect of maternal BMI on offspring LRI (44% increased risk, 95% CI: 5%–97% for very severe obesity).

Conclusions:
Maternal BMI during early pregnancy might be a risk factor for offspring LRI, especially in children with allergic constitution.
Meropenem Clearance in a Child With End-stage Renal Disease Undergoing Prolonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Shi Hai-Yan , Zhang Wei , Cao Wei , van den Anker John , Chen Xiao-Yu , Zhao Wei 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Meropenem is frequently used to treat severe infections in critically ill children. However, pharmacokinetic data on meropenem in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT) is limited. Our objectives were to evaluate meropenem clearance in a child with ESRD with and without PIRRT, compare the results to previous continuous renal replacement therapy studies in children, toddlers and neonates, and assess whether the currently used dose of meropenem is sufficient.

Case description:
A 5-year-old girl with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 12.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 was diagnosed with pulmonary infection and treated with 300 mg meropenem once a day. PIRRT was performed for 8 hours every 2 days. We used WinNonlin to evaluate meropenem clearance with and without PIRRT.

Results:
Our case showed that PIRRT increased the clearance of meropenem from 1.39 (1.3) to 2.42 L/h (2.3 mL/kg/min) and caught up 42.6% of the total clearance. This result is in accordance with previous studies in children but slightly less than seen in toddlers and neonates under continuous renal replacement therapy. The current dose of 300 mg once a day is not sufficient to reach the therapeutic target.

Conclusions:
Predicting meropenem clearance in children with ESRD undergoing PIRRT is difficult as clearance will be affected by renal function, PIRRT settings and other factors. Further studies are needed to explore the individual variability of meropenem clearance and optimize the dosing regimen.
No Additional Risk of Ampicillin Rash Among Pediatric Liver Transplant Recipients With Concurrent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
Authors: Tokuda Yusuke , Yamada Masaki , Fukuda Akinari , Shoji Kensuke , Sakamoto Seisuke , Uchida Hajime , Ishiguro Akira , Imadome Ken-Ichi , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection frequently develops in children undergoing liver transplantation (LT) because of mandated immunosuppressive therapy. There is a risk of ampicillin rash when penicillin derivatives are used in patients with EBV-associated infectious mononucleosis. Hence, the administration of penicillin derivatives may raise concerns about ampicillin rash in patients with high EBV loads. However, no studies confirmed the risk of administering penicillin derivatives to EBV-infected children after LT.

Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at the largest pediatric transplantation center in Japan. We investigated all pediatric liver transplant recipients who received penicillin derivatives within 2 years of LT between 2014 and 2020. We separated the cohort into EBV-positive and EBV-negative groups to assess the frequency of ampicillin and antibiotic-associated rash.

Results:
Two hundred eighty-six liver transplant recipients were enrolled. There were 111 recipients in the EBV-positive group and 175 recipients in the EBV-negative group. In the EBV-positive group, 49 patients had high EBV DNA loads (≥1000 copies/µg DNA). None of the patients in either group developed ampicillin rash, and the frequency of antibiotic-associated rash did not differ [8/111 (7.2%) vs. 10/175 (5.7%), P = 0.797]. Additional subgroup analysis revealed no difference in the frequency of antibiotic-associated rashes regardless of the presence or absence of high EBV loads.

Conclusions:
In this study, ampicillin rash was not observed, and antibiotic-associated rash was not associated with concurrent EBV infection. Penicillin derivatives can be used safely, even in liver transplant recipients with persistent asymptomatic EBV infection.
Factors Associated With Culture-proven Neonatal Sepsis and Resistance to First-line Antibiotics in Indonesia
Authors: Permana Putu Bagus Dharma , Widodo Agung Dwi Wahyu , Setyaningtyas Arina , Wahyunitisari Manik Retno 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Blood culture positivity rates and antibiotic resistance pattern of neonatal sepsis differs across various regions. This study aims to identify clinical cofactors associated with blood culture-proven neonatal sepsis and in vitro resistance to first-line antibiotics (ampicillin and gentamicin) from cases originating in a tertiary healthcare center in Surabaya, Indonesia.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2020 to August 2022 by utilizing secondary data collected from standardized electronic medical records. Microbiologic characteristics and associated factors were statistically analyzed using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:
Across 266 neonatal sepsis cases, 46.9% were culture-proven and 79.2% of confirmed sepsis were resistant to first-line antibiotics. The most common isolated pathogen is Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter cloacae. Extremely preterm delivery [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 5.813; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.70–19.91] and late-onset sepsis (aOR: 9.165; 95% CI: 5.12–16.40) were associated with culture-proven neonatal sepsis. Increased odds of resistance to first-line antibiotics were identified in extremely preterm (<28 weeks) or very-preterm delivery (28 to <32 weeks) (aOR: 50.80; 95% CI: 1.66–1554.21 and aOR: 45.679; 95% CI: 3.22–647.46, respectively), cesarean section (aOR: 4.149; 95% CI: 1.04–16.53) and an absence of antenatal corticosteroid use (aOR: 0.233; 95% CI: 0.07–0.76).

Conclusions:
The association between clinical cofactors with culture-proven sepsis and antibiotic resistance emphasizes the importance for clinicians to adjust empirical antibiotic regimens based on the local antibiogram and resource availability.
Maternal Mental Health, COVID-19–Related Distress, and Disruptions in Lifestyle Behaviors Among Postpartum Mothers With a Previous Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy
Authors: Scott Jewel , Hauspurg Alisse , Davis Esa M. , Bryan Samantha , Catov Janet M. 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundMany perinatal people experienced pandemic-related distress and changes in health behaviors at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, but less is known about how the pandemic continued to impact their health.ObjectiveThe authors of this study examined the influence of pandemic-related distress and maternal mental health on postpartum lifestyle behaviors of mothers with a previous hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.MethodsBetween September 2021 and March 2022, 82 postpartum (19.2 ± 5.5 months) mothers with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy completed measures of pandemic-related distress and pandemic-related disruption in lifestyle behaviors from the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences Impact Survey. A Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10 and a score ≥ 3 on the Breslau scale indicated significant depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, respectively.ResultsTwenty-two (27.2%) and 30 (36.6%) participants had significant depressive or PTSD symptoms, respectively. In models adjusted for education, income, parity, delivery prepandemic or peripandemic, intervention group, and prepregnancy mental health history, both PTSD symptoms (B= 0.229,P= .029) and pandemic-related distress (B= 0.492,P< .001) associated with greater disruption in health behaviors. Depressive symptoms did not associate with greater disruption in health behaviors (B= 0.169,P= .135).ConclusionMonitoring PTSD symptoms may be vital in supporting mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in making lifestyle changes to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Protein C and protein S deficiencies are associated with increased risk of deep vein thrombosis in pregnant women using oral contraceptives
Authors: Elfaki Elyasa M. , Algarni Abdulrahman , Yousif Tagwa Yousif Elsayed , Hamza Alneil , Abdalhabib Ezeldine K. , Elzein Husham O. , Habiballah Eldaw M. , Ahmed Osama A.B. , Osman Hussam Ali , Kumar Praveen , Babker Asaad M.A. , Alfeel Ayman H. , Saboor Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

Background
Oral contraceptives are commonly taken by women and are known to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between oral contraceptive use and natural anticoagulants, that is, protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and antithrombin in pregnant women with deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Materials and methods
This case–control study was conducted on 330 pregnant women, that is, cases 165 (who used oral contraceptives) and controls 165 (who did not use oral contraceptives). The levels of PC, PS, and antithrombin were measured and compared between the two groups. The use of different types of oral contraceptives and their association with DVT and PC and PS were also analyzed.

Results
The study found that women with DVT had significantly lower levels of PC and PS compared with controls (P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was found in the levels of AT. Among the different types of oral contraceptives, first-generation progestin pills including Ethynodiol Diacetate, Norethindrone Acetate, Norethynodrel, and second-generation oral contraceptives (Lynestrenol, Levonorgestrel and Norgestrel) were not found to be associated with lower levels of PC and AT while Desogestrel, Norgestimate, and Gestodene (third-generation) were associated with lower levels of PS.

Conclusion
This study suggests that the use of contraceptives, particularly those containing Desogestrel, Norgestimate, and Gestodene, may be associated with a higher risk of thrombosis because of the associated lower levels of PS. Monitoring anticoagulant levels is crucial in preventing DVT in this population.