bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of genomic preselection on subsequent ssGBLUP evaluation of preselected animals for scarcely recorded feed intake in pigs
Authors: Jibrila Ibrahim , ten Napel Jan , Vandenplas Jeremie , Bergsma Rob , Veerkamp Roel F. , Calus Mario P. L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe have previously shown that single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) estimates breeding values of genomically preselected animals without preselection bias for widely recorded traits, that is traits recorded for the majority of animals in the breeding population. This study investigated the impact of genomic preselection (GPS) on accuracy and bias in ssGBLUP evaluation of genomically preselected animals for a scarcely recorded trait, that is a trait recorded for only a small proportion of the animals, which generally has a lower prediction accuracy than widely recorded traits, mainly due to having a much smaller number of phenotypes available. We used data from a commercial pig breeding program, considering feed intake as a scarcely recorded target trait, being available for ~30% of the animals with phenotypes for any trait, and average daily gain, backfat thickness and loin depth as widely recorded predictor traits, being available for >95% of the animals with phenotypes for any trait. The data contained the routine GPS implemented by commercial animal breeding programs, and we retrospectively implemented two scenarios with additional layers of GPS by discarding pedigree, genotypes and phenotypes of animals without progeny. The ssGBLUP evaluation following GPS used records only from the target trait, only from the predictor traits, or both. Accuracy for feed intake did not differ statistically across GPS scenarios, although it tended to decrease with more intense GPS. The accuracy had average values of 0.37, 0.44, and 0.45 across all GPS scenarios when, respectively, records from only the target trait, only the predictor traits, or both were used in the ssGBLUP evaluation. Considerable deflation of the genomic breeding values for feed intake was observed in the most stringent GPS scenario, due to the variance components being underestimated as a result of the limited amount of strongly preselected data. As long as (co)variance components were unbiased, no or only marginal bias was observed. These results for accuracy and bias were observed whether records of the scarcely recorded target trait, of the predictor traits, or both were used in the ssGBLUP evaluation. Our results show that for the scarcely recorded feed intake in pigs, ssGBLUP is able to estimate breeding values of preselected animals without preselection bias, similarly as previously observed for widely recorded traits.
Evaluation of pulsed light treatment for inactivation of Salmonella in packaged cherry tomato and impact on background microbiota and quality
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sudarsan , Ukuku Dike O. , Jin Tony , Olanya Ocen M. , Fan Xuetong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe microbial safety of produce continues to be a real concern. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of high intensity short time pulsed light (PL) application on survival of Salmonella in packaged cherry tomato. Treatment effects on reduction of native microbiota and quality were also evaluated. Stem scars of cherry tomatoes, inoculated with a three serotypes cocktail of Salmonella enterica, was treated with PL for up to 60 s. Polyethylene (PE) films of 25.4, 50.8 and 76.2 μm thickness were used for packaging treatment. A10 s treatment equivalent to a fluence dose of 10.5 J/cm2 was considered optimum. Both packaged and direct PL treatments provided >1 log reduction of the pathogen in 10 s (10.5 J/cm2). Direct treatment for 10 s resulted in 1.9 ± 0.17 log CFU/g reduction of Salmonella. For packaged tomatoes, log reductions decreased with increasing film thickness but not significantly (p < .05). Also, no significant difference in PL decontamination efficacy between packaged and unpackaged tomatoes was observed. Treatment significantly reduced the initial populations of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (3.6 ± 0.31 log), molds and yeast (2.43 ± 0.22 log) by >1 log, respectively. Packaged tomatoes were softer after treatment but not significantly. Storage time did not affect fruit firmness. No significant change in the visual appearance of fruits were observed after treatment and during 14 days of storage. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that high intensity short time PL treatment may be used to enhance microbial safety and reduce postprocessing contamination of packaged cherry tomato.
The Modified and Extended Hospital Elder Life Program: A remote model of care to expand delirium prevention
Authors: Fong Tamara G. , Albaum Jason A. , Anderson Molly L. , Cohen Sara G. , Johnson Shauni , Supiano Mark A. , Vlisides Philip E. , Wade Harley L. , Weinberg Lyn , Wierman Heidi R. , Zachary Wendy , Inouye Sharon K. ,   for the HELP‐ME Writing Group
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDelirium is a common complication of hospitalization and is associated with poor outcomes. Multicomponent delirium prevention strategies such as the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) have proven effective but rely on face‐to‐face intervention protocols and volunteer staff, which was not possible due to restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We developed the Modified and Extended Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP‐ME), an innovative adaptation of HELP for remote and/or physically distanced applications.MethodsHELP‐ME protocols were adapted from well‐established multicomponent delirium prevention strategies and were implemented at four expert HELP sites. Each site contributed to the protocol modifications and compilation of a HELP‐ME Operations Manual with standardized protocols and training instructions during three expert panel working groups. Implementation was overseen and monitored during seven learning sessions plus four coaching sessions from January 8, 2021, through September 24, 2021. Feasibility of implementing HELP‐ME was measured by protocol adherence rates. Focus groups were conducted to evaluate the acceptability, provide feedback, and identify facilitators and barriers to implementation.ResultsA total of 106 patients were enrolled across four sites, and data were collected for 214 patient‐days. Overall adherence was 82% (1473 completed protocols/1798 patient‐days), achieving our feasibility target of >75% overall adherence. Individual adherence rates ranged from 55% to 96% across sites for the individual protocols. Protocols with high adherence rates included the nursing delirium protocol (96%), nursing medication review (96%), vision (89%), hearing (87%), and orientation (88%), whereas lower adherence occurred with fluid repletion (64%) and range‐of‐motion exercises (55%). Focus group feedback was generally positive for acceptability, with recommendations that an optimal approach would be hybrid, balancing in‐person and remote interventions for potency and long‐term sustainability.ConclusionsHELP‐ME was fully implemented at four HELP sites, demonstrating feasibility and acceptability. Testing hybrid approaches and evaluating effectiveness is recommended for future work.
An innovative rehabilitation program for the veterans affairs post‐acute skilled nursing setting: Preliminary results
Authors: Ashcroft Taarika , Middleton Addie , Driver Jane A. , Ruopp Marcus , Harris Rebekah , Bean Jonathan F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkilled nursing rehabilitative care plays a critical role in older adults' functional recovery impacting post‐discharge outcomes. Variations across post‐acute rehabilitative care services and patient outcomes indicate a need to improve rehabilitative care in this setting. We adapted a successful outpatient care program (Live Long Walk Strong‐LLWS) to address this need in post‐acute care settings within the Veterans Health Administration. LLWS differs from standard PT care by treating impairments linked to functional decline that are not traditionally targeted by standard care, providing formalized coaching to optimize behavior change, and providing post‐discharge case management to optimize long‐term outcomes. The purpose was to adapt, refine and implement the LLWS program for the Community Living Center (CLC), determine its acceptability and feasibility, and evaluate its preliminary effectiveness among older adults.MethodsThe design of the program was adapted from the original outpatient LLWS program to the CLC setting through quality improvement methods and the Replicating Effective Programs (REP) framework. Primary outcomes included measures of feasibility and acceptability of >80% enrollment and completion of sessions as well as preliminary effectiveness using performance‐based and patient‐reported measures of function including the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), AM‐PAC, a Global Rating of Change questionnaire, and a satisfaction survey.ResultsAfter 18 months, 51 Veterans had enrolled in the LLWS program, with 94.1% maintaining enrollment. We observed >80% completion of the inpatient and home follow‐up sessions. Most patients were highly satisfied with care. Improvements in the SPPB (2.3 (SD 2.2) points), gait speed (0.17 (0.14) m/s) and the AM‐PAC (6.5 (SD 5.7)) surpassed clinically meaningful thresholds.ConclusionsThis novel care program is feasible and acceptable to Veterans, demonstrating preliminary effectiveness with improving functional outcomes. Future research is needed to further examine the program's impact on other important outcomes relative to standard modes of care.
Repeated Caledonian burial and ultrafast cooling and exhumation of high‐pressure granulite facies rocks from the Blåhø Nappe on the island of Fjørtoft, Western Gneiss Region, Norway
Authors: Liu Penglei , Massonne Hans‐Joachim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe allochthonous Blåhø Nappe in the Nordøyane ultra high pressure (UHP) domain, Western Gneiss Region in Norway, acts as a window to examine geological processes occurring in continent–continent collisional zones, but many aspects regarding its tectonometamorphic evolution remain debated and elusive. In this contribution, an integrated study including major‐ and trace‐element zoning in garnet, phase equilibrium modelling and the simulation of cation diffusion in garnet was conducted on two high‐pressure (HP) granulite facies rocks from the Blåhø Nappe on the island of Fjørtoft. The results shed new light on the complex geodynamic processes that act in continent–continent collisional zones and finally shape collisional orogens. Phengite, biotite, amphibole, zoisite‐allanite and low‐Zr rutile enclosed in garnet likely attest to a prograde eclogite facies metamorphism for the studied rocks. Pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions of ~1.5–1.6 GPa and 615–670°C were retrieved for this stage. An extensive re‐equilibration under peak HP granulite facies conditions of ~1.5 GPa and 925 ± 50°C followed. Subsequently, the rocks were cooled and reburied to eclogite facies conditions of ~1.8–1.9 GPa and 805–825°C. This was followed by a final stage of decompression and cooling to amphibolite facies conditions of ~650–780°C and 0.5–1.0 GPa. Cooling and exhumation rates of >400°C/Ma and >75 km/Ma, respectively, indicating an ultrafast temperature and pressure decrease are estimated for this stage from simulations of cation diffusion in garnet. The anticlockwise P–T path obtained here is relatively complete and compatible with a repeated burial history during the Caledonian orogeny but not with UHP conditions proposed for the Blåhø Nappe. Our model proposes that the rocks later forming the Blåhø Nappe were buried to lower crustal depths of approximately 55 km equating to a geothermal gradient of ~13°C/km during the early Caledonian orogeny. Subsequent heating of these rocks to HP granulite facies conditions was likely driven by slab break‐off and hot mantle upwelling. Baltica underthrusting during the Scandian continent–continent collision cooled and transported the Blåhø Nappe to greater depths. The obtained cooling and exhumation rates indicate ultrafast exhumation, presumably in an exhumation channel.
What motivates adolescent bystanders to intervene when immigrant youth are bullied?
Authors: Hitti Aline , Gönültaş Seçil , Mulvey Kelly Lynn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPathways to bystander responses were examined in both generalized and bias‐based bullying incidents involving immigrant‐origin victims. Participants were 168 (Mage = 14.54, 57% female) adolescents of immigrant (37.5%) and nonimmigrant backgrounds, who responded to their likelihood of intervening on behalf of either an Arab or Latine victim. Models tested whether contact with immigrants and one's desires for social contact with immigrant‐origin peers mediated the effects of individual (shared immigrant background, and discriminatory tendencies) and situational (inclusive peer norms) intergroup factors on active bystander responses. Findings indicated that desires for social contact reliably mediated effects across both victims; however, contact with immigrant peers was only associated with responses to Latine victims. Implications for how to promote bystander intervention are discussed.
Parents' COVID‐19 vaccine intentions for children under 5 years: Brief reflections from a qualitative study
Authors: Attwell Katie , McKenzie Lara , Tomkinson Sian , Carlson Samantha J , Blyth Christopher C 
Published: January 2023

AimAustralian authorities made COVID‐19 vaccines available for children aged under 5 years old with serious comorbidities in August 2022. There is presently no universal programme for young children, but crucial to any rollout's success is whether parents are motivated and able to vaccinate. By examining parents' vaccine intentions, this study aims to inform current and future COVID‐19 vaccine roll‐outs for children aged under 5 years.MethodsAs part of the mixed methods project ‘Coronavax: Preparing Community and Government’ we interviewed 18 Western Australian parents of young children about their intentions in late 2021.ResultsTwo thirds intended to vaccinate if and when they could, with one third intending to delay for reasons including risk and safety perceptions, fears about side effects and influence from their social networks. However, even those choosing to delay were waiting rather than refusing.ConclusionsTo improve uptake, targeted messaging should emphasise that COVID‐19 can be a serious disease in young children, with such messaging drawing on the reputability and esteem of scientific and technical authorities. Such messaging should be oriented towards parents of children with serious comorbidities at the present time. It will be important to emphasise that government vaccine recommendations are based on supporting families to protect their children and keep them healthy.
Reconstructing volatility: Pricing of index options under rough volatility
Authors: Friz Peter K. , Wagenhofer Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAvellaneda et al. (2002, 2003) pioneered the pricing and hedging of index options – products highly sensitive to implied volatility and correlation assumptions – with large deviations methods, assuming local volatility dynamics for all components of the index. We present an extension applicable to non‐Markovian dynamics and in particular the case of rough volatility dynamics.
From ‘motherland’ to ‘daddy state’: A genealogical analysis of the gender undertone in China's nationalist discourses
Authors: Wang Clyde Yicheng , Chen Zifeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article examines the gender undertone of China's nationalist discourses, especially in familial metaphors of nationalism, and how such an undertone shapes people's understandings of state authority and state‐citizen relations. Conventional nationalist discourse of the ‘motherland’ evokes the image of an insulted and raped mother as the symbol of national humiliation and calls for actions from patriots (masculinised in the discourse). In recent years, however, we have seen the emergence of a new discourse that depicts the nation‐state as a rich, powerful and masculine ‘daddy’. Using discourse analysis and Foucauldian genealogical methods, this article argues that the discursive development has to be analysed against China's historical backgrounds, especially considering new standards of masculinity and femininity in the era of economic reform. Capital is equated to masculinity and righteousness, whereas femininity is shaped by the middle‐class values of consumerism and political disengagement. The ‘daddy state’ discourse conjures strong paternalistic power from China's economic capacity that can be projected onto challengers of state authority, while also constructing the nationalist public as feminised consumers whose consumerist enjoyment relies on patriarchal state protection.
Addressing controversies in the xylem embolism resistance–vessel diameter relationship
Authors: Isasa Emilie , Link Roman Mathias , Jansen Steven , Tezeh Fon Robinson , Kaack Lucian , Sarmento Cabral Juliano , Schuldt Bernhard 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Although xylem embolism is a key process during drought‐induced tree mortality, its relationship to wood anatomy remains debated. While the functional link between bordered pits and embolism resistance is known, there is no direct, mechanistic explanation for the traditional assumption that wider vessels are more vulnerable than narrow ones.

We used data from 20 temperate broad‐leaved tree species to study the inter‐ and intraspecific relationship of water potential at 50% loss of conductivity (P50) with hydraulically weighted vessel diameter (Dh) and tested its link to pit membrane thickness (TPM) and specific conductivity (Ks) on species level.

Embolism‐resistant species had thick pit membranes and narrow vessels. While Dh was weakly associated with TPM, the P50–Dh relationship remained highly significant after accounting for TPM. The interspecific pattern between P50 and Dh was mirrored by a link between P50 and Ks, but there was no evidence for an intraspecific relationship.

Our results provide robust evidence for an interspecific P50–Dh relationship across our species. As a potential cause for the inconsistencies in published P50–Dh relationships, our analysis suggests differences in the range of trait values covered, and the level of data aggregation (species, tree or sample level) studied.
The growth of policies, rules, and regulations: A review of the literature and research agenda
Authors: Hinterleitner Markus , Knill Christoph , Steinebach Yves 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article reviews the vibrant literature on policy growth in political science and adjacent disciplines, thus offering a conceptual framework for situating past and future research efforts and facilitating the engagement between them. The first part presents important concepts that capture policy growth or aspects of it (rule growth, policy layering, policy mixes, policy accumulation, policyscapes, the policy state) and dominant measurement approaches. The second part provides an overview of the main drivers of policy growth in advanced democracies, discussing the role of societal demands, political competition, institutional fragmentation, and bureaucratic processes. The third part outlines the multi‐faceted and far‐reaching consequences of policy growth for policy, politics, and the polity. While policy growth is often portrayed as the price to pay for upholding the democratic capitalist order in constantly modernizing and diversifying societies, the existing research also points to the negative consequences emanating from increased state activity. Policy growth not only threatens to overburden bureaucracies and thereby undermine policy effectiveness; it may also transform the institutional structure of the democratic state and make its politics more complicated and conflictual.
The downside of being openminded: The positive relation between openness to experience and nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Bresin Konrad , Hunt Rowan A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSensation seeking and openness are two distinct, but related, individual differences that lead individuals to seek out intense sensations. As a result, these traits may also predispose individuals toward engaging in non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI); however, to date, no models have examined the relation between openness and NSSI after accounting for the influence of sensation.MethodThe goals of this study were to (1) examine the relation between openness and NSSI while accounting for sensation seeking in a sample of racially diverse undergraduates (N = 340) and (2) conduct a meta‐analysis of the existing research on the association between NSSI and openness.ResultsA negative binomial regression model demonstrated a significant positive association between NSSI and openness when accounting for sensation seeking; however, NSSI was not significantly related to sensation seeking. Moreover, multivariate meta‐analysis with robust variance revealed a small, but significant, association between NSSI and openness across 15 studies.ConclusionTogether, these results suggest a positive association between openness and NSSI, highlighting an area for future research in what role openness to experience might play in the development of NSSI.
Capitalizing on the potential of mobile health applications as behavioral interventions: A research agenda for calorie‐tracking and activity‐tracking applications
Authors: Standen Erin C. , Rothman Alexander J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMobile health applications (mHealth apps) are widely used tools that provide support for people seeking help managing their health in a particular behavioral domain (e.g., physical activity). Despite their popularity, evidence for the effectiveness of mHealth apps as stand‐alone behavioral interventions is limited. Psychological and behavioral scientists can play a critical role in addressing this gap by pursuing programs of research that leverage basic behavioral science principles to test links between key features of mHealth apps (e.g., goal setting, feedback) and behavior change. To demonstrate this approach to evaluating mHealth apps, we systematically examine five key features of popular calorie‐tracking and activity‐tracking apps, explain how these features align with established behavior change techniques, discuss the evidence base for the effectiveness of these techniques within each behavioral domain, and situate predictions about how individual app features may promote behavior change in a conceptual model. Through this work, researchers can guide the design of mHealth apps and optimize them for facilitating sustained health behavior change.