bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spurious heating of stellar motions by dark matter particles in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation
Authors: Ludlow Aaron D , Fall S Michael , Wilkinson Matthew J , Schaye Joop , Obreschkow Danail 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We use two cosmological simulations to study the impact of spurious heating of stellar motions within simulated galaxies by dark matter (DM) particles. The simulations share the same numerical and subgrid parameters, but one used a factor of 7 more DM particles. Many galaxy properties are unaffected by spurious heating, including their masses, star formation histories, and the spatial distribution of their gaseous baryons. The distribution and kinematics of stellar and DM particles, however, are affected. Below a resolution-dependent virial mass, $M_{200}^{\rm spur}$, galaxies have higher characteristic velocities, larger sizes, and more angular momentum in the simulation with lower DM mass resolution; haloes have higher central densities and lower velocity dispersions. Above $M_{200}^{\rm spur}$, galaxies and haloes have similar properties in both runs. The differences arise due to spurious heating, which transfers energy from DM to stellar particles, causing galaxies to heat up and haloes to cool down. The value of $M_{200}^{\rm spur}$ can be derived from an empirical disc heating model, and coincides with the mass below which the predicted spurious velocity dispersion exceeds the measured velocity dispersion of simulated galaxies. We predict that galaxies in the $100^3\, {\rm Mpc}^3$eagle run and IllustrisTNG-100 are robust to spurious collisional effects at their half-mass radii provided $M_{200}^{\rm spur}\approx 10^{11.7}\, {\rm M_\odot }$; for the $25^3\, {\rm Mpc}^3$eagle run and IllustrisTNG-50, we predict $M_{200}^{\rm spur}\approx 10^{11}\, {\rm M_\odot }$. Suppressing spurious heating at smaller/larger radii, or for older/younger stellar populations, requires haloes to be resolved with more/fewer DM particles.
Bending instabilities of m = 1 mode in disc galaxies: interplay between dark matter halo and vertical pressure
Authors: Goyary Sagar S , Saha Kanak , Singh H Shanjit , Sarkar Suchira 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
A self-gravitating, differentially rotating galactic disc under vertical hydrostatic equilibrium is supported by the vertical pressure gradient force against the gravitational collapse. Such discs are known to support various bending modes, for example warps, corrugation, or scalloping (typically, higher order bending modes) of which m = 1 bending modes (warps) are the most prevalent ones in galactic discs. Here, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of the bending instability in realistic models of disc galaxies in which an exponential stellar disc is under vertical equilibrium and residing in a cold rigid dark matter halo. A quadratic eigenvalue equation describing the bending modes is formulated and solved for the complete eigen spectrum for a set of model disc galaxies by varying their physical properties such as disc scale-height, and dark matter halo mass. It is shown that the vertical pressure gradient force can excite unstable bending modes in such a disc as well as large scale discrete modes. Further, it is shown that the unstable eigen modes in a thinner disc grow faster than those in a thicker disc. The bending instabilities are found to be suppressed in discs dominated by massive dark matter halo. We estimate the growth time-scales and corresponding wavelength of the m = 1 unstable bending modes in Milky Way like galaxies and discuss its implication.
Genetic analysis is compatible with recent human-mediated range expansion of Filopaludina from India into the Mesopotamian Plain
Authors: Stelbrink Björn , Zwair Hanan , Al-Fanharawi Ali Abdulhamza , von Rintelen Thomas 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In the present study, we genetically analyse populations of ‘Filopaludina bengalensis’ from the Euphrates River (Iraq), more than 4,000 km from its type locality. By sequencing several mitochondrial and nuclear genes, we aimed to test whether this population indeed belongs to F. bengalensis from India and how it is related to other members of the genus. Our molecular phylogeny shows that the individuals from Iraq form a monophyletic group together with other populations of F. bengalensis from India and F. doliaris from Indochina. The haplotype network indicates closer affinities to populations from western India and further suggests, with support from subfossil records, that the Mesopotamian Plain was colonized by humans some centuries ago. However, given the very limited sampling across the Mesopotamian Plain, further studies are needed in order to obtain a more robust insight into the phylogeographical history of this species across the region.
From the Flight Deck to the Bedside: Core Aviation Concepts Applied to Acute Care Physical Therapist Practice and Education
Authors: Shoemaker Michael J , Collins Sean M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The health care industry has sought to reduce errors and patient harm by drawing upon human factors research developed largely in the aviation industry. However, literature that explicitly applies human factors concepts to physical therapist practice is scarce. Therefore, this clinical perspective highlights the key concepts in aviation safety and training that should be considered for application to physical therapist education and practice in the acute care setting, including the law of primacy, pilot in command, crew resource management, situational awareness, the instrument scan, currency versus proficiency, the advanced qualification program, and the use of checklists. The authors identify, discuss, and apply existing parallel concepts in physical therapist literature. The authors then challenge acute care physical therapists, academic faculty, and clinical instructors on ways to integrate these concepts in practice.
More Borders to Cross: The Financial and Psychological Impact of Immigrant Discrimination during COVID-19
Authors: Hill Rebekah , Saasa Sherinah , Rai Abha , Beard Ty , Doyle Keeley 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Systemic disadvantages have led to adverse outcomes for immigrants and racially minoritized communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, including disproportionate rates of exposure, health-related discrimination, higher unemployment rates, lack of adequate health insurance, and stigmatization for the spread of the virus. This study explored the impact of perceived discrimination on the financial and psychological well-being of U.S.-based immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional data were collected from 222 foreign-born adult immigrants between March and May 2021. Multiple linear and logistic regression was used to examine the impact of perceived everyday discrimination on immigrant stress levels and financial stability, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Study participants belonged to diverse racial groups: 43.2% White, 37.4% Asian, 9.9% Black, 5.9% Hispanic/Latinx; 3.6% identified as “other.” Findings showed that discrimination was associated with financial stability (OR = 0.27, p &lt; .01), and stress (β = .19, p &lt; .01). Perceptions of discrimination post-COVID-19 were also significantly associated with stress (β = .23, p &lt; .01) Findings contribute to the limited research on immigrant experiences during COVID-19 and highlight adverse effects of discrimination on immigrants’ psychological and financial outcomes. Intervention efforts aimed at improving immigrant health and well-being should recognize, explore, and mitigate the intersectional factors that influence discriminatory experiences of immigrants in the United States.
Classification of Isocrinida (Echinodermata: Crinoidea) with the description of a new extant genus and species from the western Pacific
Authors: Améziane Nadia , Eléaume Marc , Roux Michel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Previous molecular phylogenetic reconstructions have highlighted frequent convergences and iterations of external morphological characters during the evolution of crinoids. Classifications of extant and fossil crinoids based on these characters need to be thoroughly revised. This is particularly the case for the Isocrinida. We propose a new classification of this order based on molecular data and ontogenetic analysis of the derived characters displayed on ossicles and their articulations. The argument is strengthened by the discovery and description of a species belonging to a new genus (Panglaocrinus isseliformis gen. nov., sp. nov.) closely related to the genus Isselicrinus, which was abundant and widespread during the Late Cretaceous and Eocene. Extant Isocrinida appear to be divided into two major lineages that we interpret as two distinct families: Isocrinidae and Balanocrinidae. Isocrinidae are represented by the subfamily Metacrininae (genera Metacrinus and Saracrinus), while Balanocrinidae comprise four subfamilies: Balanocrininae (Neocrinus), Diplocrininae (Endoxocrinus and Teliocrinus), Isselicrininae (Panglaocrinus), and Proisocrininae (Proisocrinus). In the absence of molecular data, the genus Cenocrinus has not been attributed to any subfamily, but its close relationship to Balanocrinidae is suggested. Possible relationships between Mesozoic and modern taxa are discussed, although descriptions of arms in the palaeontological record are often important details.
Spatial mapping of colorectal cancer screening uptake and associated factors
Authors: Dagne Getachew A. 
Published: September 2023

Objective
Over the past decades, it has been understood that the availability of screening tests has contributed to a steady decline in incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is also seen that there is a geographic disparity in the use of such tests across small areas. The aim of this study is to examine small-area level barrier factors that may impact CRC screening uptake and to delineate coldspot (low uptake of screening) counties in Florida.

Methods
Data on the percentages of county-level CRC screening uptakes in 2016 and county-level barrier factors for screening were obtained from the Florida Department of Health, Division of Public Health Statistics & Performance Management. Bayesian spatial beta models were used to produce posterior probability of deceedance to identify coldspots for CRC screening rates.

Results
Unadjusted screening rates using sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy test ranged from 56.8 to 85%. Bayesian spatial beta models were fitted to the proportion data. At an ecological level, we found that an increasing rate of CRC screening uptake for either of the test types (colon/rectum exam, stool-based test) was strongly associated with a higher health insurance coverage, and lower percentage of population that speak English less than very well (immigration) at county level. Eleven coldspot counties out of 67 total were also identified.

Conclusion
This study suggests that health insurance disparities in the use of CRC screening tests are an important factor that may need more attention for resource allocation and health policy targeting small areas with low uptake of screening.
Guiding HIV-1 vaccine development with preclinical nonhuman primate research
Authors: Counts James A. , Saunders Kevin O. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of the review
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are seen as the closest animal model to humans in terms of anatomy and immune system makeup. Here, we review how preclinical studies in this model system are teaching the field of HIV vaccinology the basic immunology that is needed to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) with vaccination and elicit protective T cell responses. These lessons are being translated into clinical trials to advance towards protective active vaccination against HIV-1 infection.

Recent findings
Preclinical vaccination studies in NHPs have shown that highly engineered HIV-1 immunogens can initiate bnAb precursors providing proof of concept for Phase I clinical trials. Additionally, NHP models of HIV-1 infection are elucidating the pathways for bnAb development while serving as systems to evaluate vaccine protection. Innovative immunization strategies have increased affinity maturation of HIV-1 antibodies in long-lived germinal centers. Preclinical studies in macaques have defined the protective level of neutralizing antibodies and have shown that T cell responses can synergize with antibody-mediated immunity to provide protection in the presence of lower neutralizing antibody titers.

Summary
The NHP model provides vaccine regimens and desired antibody and T cell responses that serve as benchmarks for clinical trials, accelerating HIV vaccine design.
Targeted Nipple Reinnervation in Gender-affirming Mastectomy Using Autologous Nerve Graft
Authors: Truong Albert Y. , Chinta Malini , Chen Yunchan , Black Grant G. , Valerio Ian L. , Gfrerer Lisa 
Published: September 2023

Summary:
Our team recently described targeted nipple reinnervation (TNR) during female-to-male gender-affirming mastectomy with free nipple grafting using either direct nerve coaptation or nerve allograft. The goals of TNR are to improve sensation (including erogenous sensation) and prevent numbness, paresthesias, chronic pain, and phantom sensation. Here, we describe our modified technique, which has evolved to use autologous intercostal nerve branches as donor nerves for reinnervation if direct nerve coaptation cannot be achieved. During TNR, the T3-T5 sensory branches are preserved and coapted to the repositioned nipple–areolar complex (NAC). In patients with donor nerves that were not adequate in length to allow for direct coaptation, autologous intercostal nerve branches were not used for coaptation (branches present along the chest wall that would otherwise be lost) or one of the T3-T5 branches were harvested. An end-to-end nerve repair between the autograft and donor nerves was done, and the donor nerve/autograft complex was coapted to the NAC. Targeted muscle reinnervation was performed after autograft harvest to prevent neuroma formation. TNR with intercostal nerve autograft is technically feasible in female-to-male gender-affirming mastectomy with free nipple grafting when direct coaptation is not possible. Chest reinnervation using autologous intercostal nerve branches as donor nerves is another option for reinnervation when the nerves are too short for direct coaptation. Because the collection of long-term data is ongoing, the effectiveness of NAC reinnervation using our technique will be described in a future publication.
Improved Operative Efficiency and Surgical Times in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A 15-year Single-center Retrospective Review
Authors: Todd Anna R. , Genereux Olivia , Schrag Christiaan , Hatchell Alexandra , Matthews Jennifer 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Autologous breast reconstruction using a free deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is a complex procedure that requires a dedicated approach to achieve operative efficiency. We analyzed data for DIEP flaps at a single center over 15 years to identify factors contributing to operative efficiency.

Methods:
A single-center, retrospective cohort analysis was performed of consecutive patients undergoing autologous breast reconstruction using DIEP free flaps between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2019. Data were abstracted a priori from electronic medical records. Analysis was conducted by a medical statistician.

Results:
Analysis of 416 unilateral and 320 bilateral cases (1056 flaps) demonstrated reduction in operative times from 2005 to 2019 (11.7–8.2 hours for bilateral and 8.4–6.2 hours for unilateral, P < 0.000). On regression analysis, factors significantly correlating with reduced operative times include the use of venous couplers (P < 0.000), and the internal mammary versus the thoracodorsal recipient vessels (P < 0.000). Individual surgeon experience correlated with reduced OR times. Post-operative length of stay decreased significantly, without an increase in 30-day readmission or emergency presentations. Flap failure occurred in two cases. Flap take-back rate was 2% (n = 23) with no change between 2005 and 2019.

Conclusions:
Operative times for breast reconstruction have decreased significantly at this center over 15 years. The introduction of venous couplers, use of the internal mammary system, and year of surgery significantly correlated with decreased operative times. Surgeon experience and a shift in surgical workflow for DIEP flap reconstruction likely contributed to the latter finding.
Cutting Edge: Corneal Stromal Lenticule Implantation (Corneal Stromal Augmentation) for Ectatic Disorders
Authors: Niazi Sana , Moshirfar Majid , Doroodgar Farideh , Alió Del Barrio Jorge L. , Jafarinasab Mohammad-Reza , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
The ectatic disease of the cornea poses a significant challenge for ophthalmologists because commonly used treatments to improve visual acuity, such as spectacles and contact lenses, may not be effective, especially in advanced stages. In addition, the preferred surgical management, corneal transplantation, has various issues related to tissue availability, the steep learning curve, and postoperative complications such as tissue stability and half-life. Ongoing research for an alternative to keratoplasty has suggested various methods, such as corneal crosslinking, which can improve visual function when combined with other techniques. Early reports have become available on the feasibility and safety of different strategies for corneal stromal augmentation, both with and without corneal crosslinking, and their favorable clinical outcomes, including visual and keratometry improvements. Here, we explore the cutting-edge advancements in stromal lenticule implantation, encompassing different facets of the procedure.
“The mere imagination scares me”—evidence for fear responses during mental imagery of pain-associated interoceptive sensations in adolescents with chronic pain
Authors: Opdensteinen Kim D. , Rach Hannah , Gruszka Piotr , Schaan Luca , Adolph Dirk , Pané-Farré Christiane A. , Benke Christoph , Dierolf Angelika M. , Schneider Silvia , Hechler Tanja 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
According to the bio-informational theory of emotion by Lang, mental imagery of fearful stimuli activates physiological and behavioural response systems, even in the absence of sensory input. We investigated whether instructed mental imagery of pain-associated (not painful) interoceptive sensations entails a threat value and elicits increased startle response, skin conductance level (SCL), and heart rate (HR) indicative of defensive mobilization in adolescents with chronic pain. Additionally, self-reported measures (fear, fear of pain, desire to avoid) were assessed. Adolescents (11-18 years) with chronic headache (CH, n = 46) or chronic abdominal pain (CAP, n = 29) and a control group (n = 28) were asked to imagine individualized pain-associated, neutral and standardized fear scripts. During pain-associated compared with neutral imagery, both pain groups showed higher mean HR, with CH also showing higher HR reactivity, while HR acceleration was not observed within control group. In contrast, during pain-associated compared with neutral imagery, startle response magnitude and SCL remained unchanged in all groups. Additionally, overall levels in self-reports were higher during pain-associated compared with neutral imagery, but significantly more pronounced in the pain groups compared with the control group. Results suggest that the mere imagination of pain-associated sensations elicits specific autonomic fear responses accompanied by increased self-reported fear in adolescents with chronic pain. The specific modulation of heart rate shed new light on our understanding of multimodal fear responses in adolescents with chronic pain and may help to refine paradigms to decrease fear of interoceptive sensations in chronic pain.
Inflammatory biomarkers in patients with painful knee osteoarthritis: exploring the potential link to chronic postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty—a secondary analysis
Authors: Giordano Rocco , Ghafouri Bijar , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Petersen Kristian Kjær-Staal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the end-stage treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA), and approximately 20% of patients experience chronic postoperative pain. Studies indicate that inflammatory biomarkers might be associated with pain in OA and potentially linked to the development of chronic postoperative pain after TKA. This study aimed to (1) evaluate preoperative serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with OA and healthy control subjects, (2) investigate preoperative differences of inflammatory biomarker profiles in subgroups of patients, and (3) compare subgroups of patients with and without postoperative pain 12 months after surgery. Serum samples from patients with OA scheduled for TKA (n = 127) and healthy participants (n = 39) were analyzed. Patients completed the Knee-injury-and-Osteoarthritis-Outcome-Score (KOOS) questionnaire and rated their clinical pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS) before and 12 months after TKA. Hierarchical cluster analysis and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis were used to compare groups (patients vs control subjects) and to identify subgroups of patients in relation to postoperative outcomes. Difference in preoperative and postoperative VAS and KOOS scores were compared across subgroups. Twelve inflammatory markers were differentially expressed in patients when compared with control subjects. Cluster analysis identified 2 subgroups of patients with 23 proteins being significantly different (P < 0.01). The 12-months postoperative VAS and KOOS scores were significantly different between subgroups of patients (P < 0.05). This study identified differences in specific inflammatory biomarker profiles when comparing patients with OA and control subjects. Cluster analysis identified 2 subgroups of patients with OA, with one subgroup demonstrating comparatively worse 12-month postoperative pain intensity and function scores.