bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV-related risk among justice-involved young African American women in the U.S. South
Authors: Browne Felicia A. , Washio Yukiko , Zule William A. , Wechsberg Wendee M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIncarceration rates have increased exponentially among women, and racial disparities in justice involvement persist. Coupled with disparities in HIV in the US South that begin early in the life course, it is important to explicate the relationship between justice involvement, HIV-related risk (such as illicit drug use and sexual risk), and service needs for young African American women. This study examined the association of previous arrest, biological and self-reported HIV-related risk, and reported service needs at baseline among 646 African American women aged 18 to 25 who were recruited as part of an HIV-risk reduction trial. Approximately 24% of participants reported previously being arrested. In adjusted analyses, several substance use and sexual risk variables were found to be significant, including increased odds of positive screens for both cocaine (AOR: 3.09; 95% CI [1.49, 6.41]) and marijuana (AOR: 1.82; 95% CI [1.17, 2.83]), trading sex for goods (AOR: 2.23; 95% CI [1.14, 4.38]), and recent sexually transmitted infections (AOR: 1.84; 95% CI [1.03, 3.27]). Previous arrest was associated with greater service needs, including violence-related (AOR: 4.42; 95% CI [2.03, 9.64]), parenting (AOR: 2.92; 95 CI% [1.65, 5.17]), and housing (AOR: 2.38; 95% CI [1.54, 3.67)]). The study findings indicate the increased risk across both HIV-related substance use and sexual risk and the service needs for African American women in emerging adulthood who have been arrested. These disparities suggest the importance of interventions to address the specific needs of this population at a critical period to not only prevent HIV but also address social determinants.
Free from your experiences to grow: belief in free will moderates the relationship between attachment avoidance and personal growth initiative
Authors: Yang Fan , Oka Takashi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Attachment theory proposes that attachment security facilitates personal growth. However, attachment security origins in relationship history, and thus, how people treat their experiences may influence the outcomes of attachment security. People differ in the degree in believing that human beings have free will, and belief in free will may influence the relationship between experiences and outcomes. The present cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between attachment security, belief in free will, and personal growth initiative.

Methods
We used the cross-sectional data of 346 Chinese college students for data analysis, including correlational analyses, regression, and moderation analyses. The nine-item Chinese version of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Scale, the sixteen-item Chinese version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II, and the seven-item Free Will subscale of the Chinese version of the Free Will and Determinism Plus Scale were utilized.

Results
Results showed attachment avoidance and belief in free will, not attachment anxiety, was associated with personal growth initiative. Belief in free will moderated the association between attachment avoidance and personal growth initiative. When the centered score of belief in free will was higher than 0.64, attachment avoidance was no longer associated with personal growth initiative. 85.84% of our data were below this Johnson-Neyman significance region, and 14.16% were above. In other words, only those who scored higher than 0.64 on free will beliefs were able to pursue personal growth despite their high attachment avoidance.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that when believing in free will, avoidantly attached people may believe in their ability to pursue personal growth and think their future has more possibilities, not influenced by other factors like social support, which they think they lack.
Teaching Humanitarian Action: NOHA Joint Master’s Programme at 30
Authors: Löfquist Lars 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAssuming that higher education has a role in the professionalisation of humanitarianism, this article discusses humanitarian work as a subject in higher education. The Network on Humanitarian Action (NOHA) joint master’s programme in International Humanitarian Action is used as a case study for understanding the challenges and potentials in teaching the subject. Teaching challenges are discussed in relation to three themes: interdisciplinary, work-integrated learning and intercultural competencies. These themes are an integrated part of the professionalisation of humanitarian work, since they concern how humanitarian action should be understood and implemented. The NOHA joint master’s programme incorporates a variety of approaches, such as student mobility and a range of courses, to strengthen the student’s education in each of these themes. The last part of the article discusses the future prospects of the programme in response to trends that affect higher education: online teaching and rapid technological change. It is argued that the NOHA network and the NOHA joint master’s programme are well positioned to navigate these trends and continue to be relevant for educating humanitarian professionals.
Measuring dengue illness intensity: Development and content validity of the dengue virus daily diary (DENV-DD)
Authors: Jones Amy M. , Saretsky Todd L. , Panter Charlotte , Wells Jane R. , White Frances , Smith Verity , Kendal Helen , Russell Kevin , Ruggieri Madelyn , Calhoun Shawna R. , Gater Adam , O’Hagan Justin , Anderson Kathryn B. , Paz-Soldan Valerie A. , Morrison Amy C. , Ware Lisa , Klick Michelle , Thomas Stephen , Marks Morgan A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral infection causing an estimated 50–60 million cases of febrile illness globally per year, exacting considerable disease burden. Few instruments exist to assess the patient illness experience, with most based on healthcare provider assessment, lacking standardization in timepoints and symptom assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the content validity of the novel ‘Dengue Virus Daily Diary (DENV-DD)’, designed to measure symptom intensity and disease burden within outpatient infant to adult populations.

Methods
The Dengue Illness Index Report Card was used as a foundation to create the DENV-DD, consisting of patient- and observer-reported outcome (PRO/ObsRO) instruments. In two South American dengue-endemic communities, qualitative combined concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted among individuals and caregivers of children with symptomatic laboratory-confirmed dengue. Interviews were conducted across two rounds allowing DENV-DD modifications. A small-scale quantitative assessment of the DENV-DD was also conducted with data from an independent Dengue Human Infection Model (DHIM) to generate early evidence of feasibility of DENV-DD completion, instrument performance and insight into the sign/symptom trajectory over the course of illness.

Results
Forty-eight participants were interviewed (20 adults, 20 older children/adolescents with their caregivers, 8 caregivers of younger children). A wide spectrum of signs/symptoms lasting 3–15 days were reported with fever, headache, body ache/pain, loss of appetite, and body weakness each reported by > 70% participants. DENV-DD instructions, items and response scales were understood, and items were considered relevant across ages. DHIM data supported feasibility of DENV-DD completion.

Conclusions
Findings demonstrate content validity of the DENV-DD (PRO/ObsRO instruments) in dengue-endemic populations. Psychometric and cultural validity studies are ongoing to support use of the DENV-DD in clinical studies.
Potential of endophytic fungi as a pathogenic biocontrol agent and growth promoters in corn seedlings
Authors: Fauriah Ria , Djaya Ernawati , Djaenuddin Nurasiah , Muis Amran , Nonci Nurnina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Use of endophytic fungi, as pathogen control of Bipolaris maydis and Curvularia sp., is an alternative method of control without the use of synthetic pesticides that are more environmentally friendly. This study aimed to determine the potential of endophytic fungi in controlling the growth of pathogens B. maydis and Curvularia sp. in vitro and in spurring the growth of corn plants. It was consisted of three types of testing three endophytic fungal species (Aspergillus_1, Fusarium_2, and Trichoderma_11), namely (1) testing the antagonistic activity of endophytic fungal against pathogens by double culture method, (2) physiological characterization of endophytic fungal as phosphate solvents and chitinase producers, and (3) testing of corn seed vigor with the blotter test method.

Results
The results of testing endophytic fungal isolates against B. maydis pathogens showed that the three isolates were able to suppress the development of B. maydis, whereas the Trichoderma_11 isolate showed higher suppression results than others. The isolate that showed the best ability to dissolve phosphates is Fusarium_2 with a dissolving index of 1.9 and their effectiveness up to 91.5%. Meanwhile, Trichoderma_11 was able to produce the highest chitinase activity index of 1.9 with an effectiveness of 90.6%. The best corn root lengths and plant height were shown on Fusarium_2 treatment. Similar outcomes were observed when Curvularia sp. was tested. The whole isolates were able to suppress the growth of the pathogen by 16.43–40.44% on the 4th day after incubation. Trichoderma sp. isolate was 72.50% more effective at suppressing than the other two isolates. On day 11, the isolate of Aspergillus sp. was suppressed by 62.50%, while Fusarium sp. showed the lowest suppression of 59.17%.

Conclusions
Trichoderma_11 isolate was potentially the best biocontrol agent against maydis leaf blight and Curvularia leaf spot in vitro. Meanwhile, the Fusarium_2 isolate had promoted the growth of the corn seedlings.
Titrated segmental epidural anesthesia for bilateral total knee replacement in a patient with severe aortic stenosis and severe bilateral carotid artery stenosis: a case report
Authors: Okeyemi Ajibade , Akinmade Akinola , Suleiman Aliyu Zakari , Ahmed Adeagbo Liasu , Fayose Bamidele Samuel , Olabode Akande Adekunle 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Total knee replacement is a major orthopedic procedure for severe, painful, and mobility-limiting knee arthritis. Aortic valve stenosis is the most frequent valvular heart disease and the most commonly performed valvular procedure. Stenosis of the valve may lead to left ventricular hypertrophy, ventricular dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and a state of fixed cardiac output. Changes in hemodynamic parameters such as hypotension and bradycardia in patients with carotid artery stenosis may lead to cerebrovascular accidents, especially during anesthesia.

Case presentation
A 76-year-old woman with a 6-year history of bilateral knee pain. The pain was dull, aching, and severe in intensity, and it prevented her from sleeping despite optimal analgesics. A general physical examination revealed an elderly, frail woman in mild respiratory distress. She had bilateral small-volume radial pulses, positive hepatojugular reflux, and heart sounds of S1, S2, and S4 with an ejection systolic murmur, and carotid bruits were heard bilaterally. Epidural anesthesia was done by injection of 2.5 mL of 0.5% plain bupivacaine in aliquots every 5 min until the level of the block reached the suprapubic region (titrated segmental epidural anesthesia). The patient was not preloaded with intravenous fluid prior to the establishment of epidural anesthesia, and the epidural anesthesia-induced hypotension that may ensue was managed with intraoperative dopamine infusion at 5 µg/kg/min.

Conclusions
Titrated segmental epidural anesthesia with intraoperative infusion of low-dose dopamine reduces the perioperative risk of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and neurocognitive deficit in a patient with severe aortic stenosis and severe bilateral carotid stenosis.
Osteoma of the temporal bone squama: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Varghese Sunil Sam , Kumar Navneet , Paul Preethi Anni Mercy , Sethi Aashima 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Osteomas are benign slow-growing tumors, which typically arise on the surface of the bone. They rarely arise from the temporal bone, accounting for 0.1–1% of all benign tumors of the skull. The external auditory canal (EAC) is the most common site for osteomas in the temporal bone. Other extra-canalicular osteomas of the temporal bone are uncommon and infrequently reported. In this case report, we discuss the clinical presentation and surgical management of osteoma of the squamous part of the temporal bone. A limited review of literature is also presented.

Case presentation
A 20-year-old male presented to the outpatient department (OPD) with a chief complaint of a hard swelling above his left ear, for 4 years. He had no other complaints other than cosmetic concern. On examination, there was a solitary, smooth, bony hard swelling just antero-superior to the left pinna, and the overlying skin was unremarkable. The left EAC and tympanic membrane were normal. A non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and face with 3-D reconstruction showed a16 × 18 mm exophytic, pedunculated bony lesion arising from the squamous part of the temporal bone suggestive of an osteoma. The patient was taken up for surgical excision under general anesthesia. The bony lesion was removed from its attachment to the skull using a gouge and a mallet. The base of the tumor was drilled using a polishing burr to ensure complete removal and prevent recurrence. The histopathology was confirmatory of compact osteoma. Postoperative period was uneventful, and follow-up at 18-month post-surgery did not reveal any recurrence clinically.

Conclusion
Osteoma of the temporal squama is rarely reported, and surgical excision is the definitive treatment if symptomatic. This case report highlights the surgical management of this rare tumor. A limited review of literature suggests that squamous part of the temporal bone is an unusual site for extra-canalicular osteomas, and the prognosis is good after surgery.
Updates on persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): a review article
Authors: Moaty Asmaa Salah , Nada Nashwa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPersistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic functional vestibular disorder, not a structural or psychiatric condition, presented by one or more dizziness, unsteadiness, or non-spinning vertigo symptoms. These symptoms will worsen with upright posture, movements, and exposure to complex visual stimuli. PPDD may be precipitated by disorders that impair balance or induce vestibular symptoms, such as peripheral or central vestibular diseases, other medical conditions, or psychological illness The exact pathophysiological mechanism is unknown, and it might result from functional adjustments to the postural control systems—alterations in the way multisensory information are processed or the integration of spatial orientation and danger perception in the cortex. PPPD is usually associated with co morbidities like anxiety. Subtypes of PPPD are phobic postural vertigo, space and motion discomfort, visual vertigo, and chronic subjective dizziness. PPPD is diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the Barany society. Physical examination and diagnostic investigation are not pathognomic to PPPD. Treatment approaches include patient counseling, vestibular rehabilitation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and medications.
Performance evaluation of hybrid multilevel inverter with a high-frequency switching technique
Authors: Pragathi B. , Kumar Sonu , Kumari P Rajani , Singh Arvind R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis proposed work deals with the implementation of a single-phase topology with using hybrid for multilevel inverters. It is observed that the proposed structure improves the performance of the hybrid multilevel inverter with high-frequency switches for positive levels and reverse voltage with negative levels. This paper studies a novel construction for an asymmetrical hybrid single-phase multilevel inverter. This paper also studies the operation of multi level inverter under depreciating sources condition due to fluctuation in input. The PWM method, i.e. APOD and CO, has been incorporated into the simulation of single-phase 7-level, 9-level, and the 11-level hybrid inverter. These two methods are compared to one another and to standard methods in terms of THD for different values of the modulation index, and they are found to be superior. Overall loss of 50% of the THD is almost equal to rated output voltage, it is observed in cascaded multilevel inverters. The working and performance of the proposed model are simulated in MATLAB Simulink software and the results are discussed in detail.
Evolution of Antidrug Antibody Assays During the Development of Anti-Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Monoclonal Antibody Marstacimab
Authors: Donley Jean , Jani Darshana , Zhu Tong , Xiang Yuhong , Gorovits Boris , Arkin Steven 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an endogenous inhibitor of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. In patients with hemophilia A or B, inhibition of TFPI is an alternative therapeutic approach that augments the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Marstacimab is an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes TFPI and is being evaluated as a prophylactic treatment to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in patients with severe hemophilia A or B, with or without inhibitors (antibodies against coagulation factors). However, the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of marstacimab may be affected by the induction of antidrug antibody (ADA) responses. Here, we describe the evolution and validation of three quasi-quantitative electrochemiluminescence-based methods to detect marstacimab ADAs, starting from their use in a first-in-human phase 1 study to their use in phase 2 and 3 clinical studies of patients with severe hemophilia. For all three methods, validation criteria evaluated the performance of the assays in screening and confirmatory cut points, precision, selectivity, drug tolerance, target interference, and stability. Additional criteria for validation were dilution linearity (Methods 1 and 2) and low positive control concentration, prozone effect, plate homogeneity, and robustness (Method 3). The three methods met validation criteria and are a potentially valuable tool in detecting the induction of marstacimab ADAs during treatment in patients with hemophilia.
Graphical abstract
Validation of a new Custom Polyclonal Progesterone Receptor Antibody for Immunohistochemistry in the Female Mouse Brain
Authors: Ruddenklau Amy , Glendining Kelly , Prescott Melanie , Campbell Rebecca E 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImmunohistochemical visualization of progesterone receptor (PR)–expressing cells in the brain is a powerful technique to investigate the role of progesterone in the neuroendocrine regulation of fertility. A major obstacle to the immunohistochemical visualization of progesterone-sensitive cells in the rodent brain has been the discontinuation of the commercially produced A0098 rabbit polyclonal PR antibody by DAKO. To address the unavailability of this widely used PR antibody, we optimized and evaluated 4 alternative commercial PR antibodies and found that each lacked the specificity and/or sensitivity to immunohistochemically label PR-expressing cells in paraformaldehyde-fixed female mouse brain sections. As a result, we developed and validated a new custom RC269 PR antibody, directed against the same 533-547 amino acid sequence of the human PR as the discontinued A0098 DAKO PR antibody. Immunohistochemical application of the RC269 PR antibody on paraformaldehyde-fixed mouse brain sections resulted in nuclear PR labeling that was highly distinguishable from background, specific to its antigen, highly regulated by estradiol, matched the known distribution of PR protein expression in the female mouse hypothalamus, and nearly identical to that of the discontinued A0098 DAKO PR antibody. In summary, the RC269 PR antibody is a specific and sensitive antibody to immunohistochemically visualize PR-expressing cells in the mouse brain.
Fighting for the Middle: Medieval Studies Programs and Degrees within Higher Education
Authors: Rajabzadeh Shokoofeh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This essay explores the politics of disciplinarity in medieval studies by revisiting the author's own graduate medieval studies program at the University of California, Berkeley. Along with another graduate student, the author advocated for a more flexible and inclusive conceptualization of the discipline. These efforts were perceived as threatening—and so were the advocates. This essay offers an account of their “diversity work,” which the author theorizes through Sara Ahmed's critical frameworks, in order to share the greatest lesson they learned: aside from the established governing body of the degree program, the fiercest defenders of a conventional, Eurocentric conception of medieval studies were those newest to the discipline—the graduate students.
On the Structure of the Excretory Organs of Amphioxus
Authors: Goodrich Edwin S. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The excretory organs of Amphioxus were independently discovered by Weiss and Boveri in the year 1890 (1 and 13). Weiss described a series of small tubules regularly distributed at the top of each secondary tongue-bar throughout the region of the pharynx. The tubules are situated, for the most part, in the wall separating the dorsal cœlom from the atrial cavity ; they lie, therefore, between the cœlomic and the atrial epithelium, generally separated from the latter by a network of fine blood-vessels. These kidney tubules open into the atrium by a pore just opposite the dorsal end of the secondary gill-bar. Weiss suspected the presence of an internal opening, but could not find it. The physiological significance of these organs he established by means of feeding experiments with carmine and other colouring matters.