bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random variation drives a critical bias in the comparison of healthcare-associated infections
Authors: Locey Kenneth J. , Webb Thomas A. , Weinstein Robert A. , Hota Bala , Stein Brian D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:To evaluate random effects of volume (patient days or device days) on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and the standardized infection ratio (SIR) used to compare hospitals.Design:A longitudinal comparison between publicly reported quarterly data (2014–2020) and volume-based random sampling using 4 HAI types: central-line–associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, Clostridioides difficile infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.Methods:Using 4,268 hospitals with reported SIRs, we examined relationships of SIRs to volume and compared distributions of SIRs and numbers of reported HAIs to the outcomes of simulated random sampling. We included random expectations into SIR calculations to produce a standardized infection score (SIS).Results:Among hospitals with volumes less than the median, 20%–33% had SIRs of 0, compared to 0.3%–5% for hospitals with volumes higher than the median. Distributions of SIRs were 86%–92% similar to those based on random sampling. Random expectations explained 54%–84% of variation in numbers of HAIs. The use of SIRs led hundreds of hospitals with more infections than either expected at random or predicted by risk-adjusted models to rank better than other hospitals. The SIS mitigated this effect and allowed hospitals of disparate volumes to achieve better scores while decreasing the number of hospitals tied for the best score.Conclusions:SIRs and numbers of HAIs are strongly influenced by random effects of volume. Mitigating these effects drastically alters rankings for HAI types and may further alter penalty assignments in programs that aim to reduce HAIs and improve quality of care.
Industry Clusters and the Geography of Portfolio Choice
Authors: Addoum Jawad M. , Delikouras Stefanos , Ke Da , Korniotis George M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing detailed data on U.S. households’ locations, employment, and financial portfolios, we document that individuals employed in locally clustered industries are more likely to invest in risky assets. This pattern is strongest among individuals with high labor income, employed in skilled occupations, and with strong cognitive skills. Our overall evidence suggests the relation between industry clusters and investment decisions is best explained by clusters enhancing human capital among local industry workers, in turn amplifying their effective risk tolerance. Our findings highlight the important role of local labor market composition in generating household portfolio patterns within and across geographies.
Johannes Polyander and the inefficacious internal call: An Arminian compromise?
Authors: Griess Cory 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the thirtieth disputation of the Leiden Synopsis (1622), Johannes Polyander elucidates what he considers to be the Reformed doctrine of vocatio. In his explanation of this doctrine, Polyander makes surprising statements concerning the internal call. He teaches that not only the external call, but also the internal call can come to the reprobate. It does not do so all the time, but it does so sometimes, especially in the sphere of the covenant. Yet, when it does, that internal call is ineffectual. This doctrine of an ineffectual internal call is not found in the Canons of Dordt (1618–19), nor in disputations held before the cycle of disputations that became the Leiden Synopsis. Was Polyander's view a compromise with Arminianism? Or was Polyander actually defending Dordt's doctrine? This article builds on Henk van Den Belt's cursory conclusion to this question by providing proof that Polyander was in fact defending Dordt.
Analytical expression of motion profiles with elliptic jerk
Authors: Stretti Daniele , Fanghella Pietro , Berselli Giovanni , Bruzzone Luca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe paper discusses the analytical expressions of a motion profile characterized by elliptic jerk. This motion profile is obtained through a kinematic approach, defining the jerk profile and then obtaining acceleration, velocity, and displacement laws by successive integrations. A dimensionless formulation is adopted for the sake of generality. The main characteristics of the profile are analyzed, outlining the relationships between the profile parameters. A kinematic comparison with other motion laws is carried out: trapezoidal velocity, trapezoidal acceleration, cycloidal, sinusoidal jerk, and modified sinusoidal jerk. Then, the features of these motion profiles are evaluated in a dynamic case study, assessing the vibrations induced to a second-order linear system with different levels of damping. The results show that the proposed motion law provides a good compromise between different performance indexes (settling time, maximum absolute values of velocity and acceleration).
Maternal sensitivity and child internalizing and externalizing behavior: a mediating role for glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation?
Authors: Creasey Nicole , Beijers Roseriet , O’Donnell Kieran J. , de Weerth Carolina , Tollenaar Marieke S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe early caregiving environment can have lasting effects on child mental health. Animal models suggest that glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) DNA methylation plays a mediating role in linking more responsive caregiving to improved behavioral outcomes by its impact on the stress regulatory system. In this longitudinal study, we examined whether children’sNR3C1methylation levels mediate an effect of maternal sensitivity in infancy on levels of child internalizing and externalizing behavior in a community sample. Maternal sensitivity of 145 mothers was rated at infant age 5 weeks, 12 months, and 30 months by observing mother–infant interactions. Buccal DNA methylation was assessed in the same children at age 6 years and maternal-reported internalizing and externalizing behavior was assessed at age 6 and 10 years. Higher sensitivity at age 5 weeks significantly predicted lower DNA methylation levels at twoNR3C1CpG loci, although methylation levels at these loci did not mediate an effect of maternal sensitivity on levels of child internalizing and externalizing behavior. Overall, the study provides evidence that maternal sensitivity in early infancy is associated with DNA methylation levels at loci involved in stress regulation, but the significance of this finding for child mental health remains unclear.
Three-dimensional alignment of density maps in cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Harpaz Yael , Shkolnisky Yoel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A common task in cryo-electron microscopy data processing is to compare three-dimensional density maps of macromolecules. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for aligning three-dimensional density maps, which exploits common lines between projection images of the maps. The algorithm is fully automatic and handles rotations, reflections (handedness), and translations between the maps. In addition, the algorithm is applicable to any type of molecular symmetry without requiring any information regarding the symmetry of the maps. We evaluate our alignment algorithm on publicly available density maps, demonstrating its accuracy and efficiency. The algorithm is available at https://github.com/ShkolniskyLab/emalign.
The Concept of Resistance to Substance Use and a Research Approach: The Resist! Project
Authors: Vanyukov Michael M. , Maes Hermine H. M. , Iacono William G. , Kirisci Levent , Samek Diana R. , Silberg Judy L. , Zimmerman Emily B. , Prom-Wormley Elizabeth C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIllicit substance use is dangerous in both acute and chronic forms, frequently resulting in lethal poisoning, addiction, and other negative consequences. Similar to research in other psychiatric conditions, whose ultimate goal is to enable effective prevention and treatment, studies in substance use are focused on factors elevating the risk for the disorder. The rapid growth of the substance use problem despite the effort invested in fighting it, however, suggests the need in changing the research approach. Instead of attempting to identify risk factors, whose neutralization is often infeasible if not impossible, it may be more promising to systematically reverse the perspective to the factors enhancing the aspect of liability to disorder that shares the same dimension but is opposite to risk, that is, resistance to substance use. Resistance factors, which enable the majority of the population to remain unaffected despite the ubiquity of psychoactive substances, may be more amenable to translation. While the resistance aspect of liability is symmetric to risk, the resistance approach requires substantial changes in sampling (high-resistance rather than high-risk) and using quantitative indices of liability. This article provides an overview and a practical approach to research in resistance to substance use/addiction, currently implemented in a NIH-funded project. The project benefits from unique opportunities afforded by the data originating from two longitudinal twin studies, the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent and Behavioral Development and the Minnesota Twin Family Study. The methodology described is also applicable to other psychiatric disorders.
Improved Performance of High‐Resolution Climate Models in Simulating Asian Monsoon Rainfall Extremes
Authors: You Yujia , Ting Mingfang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRainfall extremes are one of the most difficult features to simulate using global climate models. Using pairs of high‐ and low‐resolution atmosphere‐only simulations from the High‐Resolution Model Intercomparison Project, we assess whether and how the horizontal grid spacing influences model's skill in simulating the Asian summer monsoon rainfall extremes. Despite the large inter‐model spread, improved model performance is seen across most models as resolution increases, both in terms of spatial distribution and intensity of monsoon rainfall extremes. Rainfall extremes are enhanced at the windward side of steep topography such as the foothills of Himalayas, and in the heavy monsoon regions such as central India, southern China, and western North Pacific. The improvements are found to be associated with a better representation of the vertical ascents and models' ability in simulating the rain‐producing synoptic low‐pressure systems, which are more frequent and stronger at higher resolutions.
Detection and Characterization of Earthquake Swarms in Nankai and Its Association With Slow Slip Events
Authors: Guo Yicun , Zhuang Jiancang , Zhang Huai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVarious types of slow earthquakes occur in the Nankai subduction zone, among which the slow slip events (SSEs) seem to connect the shallow and deep part of the subduction plate and further trigger seismic or aseismic transients in surrounding areas. This study uses a version of space‐time epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model with non‐stationary background rate to detect earthquake swarms that may be related to SSEs in the Nankai region. We detect 999 swarm sequences including 13,387 earthquakes, accounting for about 18 percent of all M ≥ 1.0 earthquakes in the selected region along the Nankai trough. The detected swarms are mostly distributed in the Hyuga‐nada, Bungo Channel, Kii Channel, and Tokai regions, forming a complementary pattern to SSEs. Nearly 70 percent of swarm events are located in western Nankai, with the southern part characterized by a higher occurrence rate, which is consistent with the smaller recurrence interval of SSEs in this region. By comparing occurrence times of swarm events to those of SSEs, we find that some SSEs are accompanied by enhanced swarm activities during their occurrence periods. In addition, the swarm rates increase to higher levels in the southern part of western Nankai during the 2003 and 2010 Bungo SSEs, indicating the high sensitivity of earthquake swarms to the migrations of slow earthquakes in this region.
Promising applications of D-amino acids in periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Caldwell Matthew , Hughes Megan , Wei Fei , Ngo Christopher , Pascua Raven , Pugazhendhi Abinaya Sindu , Coathup Melanie J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to the rise in our aging population, a disproportionate demand for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in the elderly is forecast. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) represents one of the most challenging complications that can occur following TJA, and as the number of primary and revision TJAs continues to rise, an increasing PJI burden is projected. Despite advances in operating room sterility, antiseptic protocols, and surgical techniques, approaches to prevent and treat PJI remain difficult, primarily due to the formation of microbial biofilms. This difficulty motivates researchers to continue searching for an effective antimicrobial strategy. The dextrorotatory-isoforms of amino acids (D-AAs) are essential components of peptidoglycan within the bacterial cell wall, providing strength and structural integrity in a diverse range of species. Among many tasks, D-AAs regulate cell morphology, spore germination, and bacterial survival, evasion, subversion, and adhesion in the host immune system. When administered exogenously, accumulating data have demonstrated that D-AAs play a pivotal role against bacterial adhesion to abiotic surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation; furthermore, D-AAs have substantial efficacy in promoting biofilm disassembly. This presents D-AAs as promising and novel targets for future therapeutic approaches. Despite their emerging antibacterial efficacy, their role in disrupting PJI biofilm formation, the disassembly of established TJA biofilm, and the host bone tissue response remains largely unexplored. This review aims to examine the role of D-AAs in the context of TJAs. Data to date suggest that D-AA bioengineering may serve as a promising future strategy in the prevention and treatment of PJI.
Are the standards of professionalism expected in dentistry justified? Views of dental professionals and the public
Authors: Barrow Hannah , Bartlett Sophie , Bullock Alison , Cowpe Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction In the UK, the General Dental Council specifies nine principles of professional standards that dental registrants must follow. There are views that such standards are high, patients' expectations are rising, and the professionalism of dental professionals is increasingly scrutinised. This paper explores whether the high standards expected in dentistry are justified.Methods We applied thematic analysis to 772 free-text responses from dental team members and the public to a modified Delphi survey. Respondents described their views of professional and unprofessional behaviours in dentistry. Data were obtained as part of a larger review of professionalism in dentistry.Results Two lines of argument were identified: professionalism standards are high, but justifiably so; and professionalism standards are too high. Within these, four broad themes emerged: patient trust; comparison with other professions; a culture of fear; and perfection.Conclusion High professionalism standards are justified in a profession where patient trust is paramount. However, a problem lies in the culture that surrounds professionalism in terms of litigation and dental professionals feel pressure to possess an unattainable, infallible nature. These negative impacts need minimising. We suggest that undergraduates and continuing professional development approach professionalism with care, to foster a supportive, positive and reflective culture of professionalism.
PTPN14 promotes gastric cancer progression by PI3KA/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Li Hui , Guan Bingxin , Liu Sen , Liu Haiting , Song Lin , Zhang Guohao , Zhao Ruinan , Zhou Chengjun , Gao Peng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGastric cancer is a high molecular heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. Although gastric cancer is a hot area of medical research, the mechanism of gastric cancer occurrence and development is still unclear. New strategies for treating gastric cancer need to be further explored. Protein tyrosine phosphatases play vital roles in cancer. A growing stream of studies shows that strategies or inhibitors targeting protein tyrosine phosphatases have been developed. PTPN14 belongs to the protein tyrosine phosphatase subfamily. As an inert phosphatase, PTPN14 has very poor activity and mainly functions as a binding protein through its FERM (four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, and moesin) domain or PPxY motif. The online database indicated that PTPN14 may be a poor prognostic factor for gastric cancer. However, the function and underlying mechanism of PTPN14 in gastric cancer remain unclear. We collected gastric cancer tissues and detected the expression of PTPN14. We found that PTPN14 was elevated in gastric cancer. Further correlation analysis indicated that PTPN14 was relevant with the T stage and cTNM (clinical tumor node metastasis classification) stage. The survival curve analysis showed that gastric cancer patients with higher PTPN14 expression had a shorter survival time. In addition, we illustrated that CEBP/β (CCAAT enhanced binding protein beta) could transcriptionally activate PTPN14 expression in gastric cancer. The highly expressed PTPN14 combined with NFkB (nuclear factor Kappa B) through its FERM domain and accelerated NFkB nucleus translocation. Then, NFkB promoted the transcription of PI3KA and initiated the PI3KA/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Finally, we established mice models to validate the function and the molecular mechanism of PTPN14 in gastric cancer. In summary, our results illustrated the function of PTPN14 in gastric cancer and demonstrated the potential mechanisms. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to better understand the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.
A nanogenerator based on metal nanoparticles and magnetic ionic gradients
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Xiao Tao , Guo Jiahui , Zhao Xing , Yan Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeveloping a new technique/method and/or mechanism for separating ionic charges is critical to the fabrication of a high-performance nanogenerator. Inspired by charge migration and/or separation under an electric bias, herein, we demonstrate a reverse process in which the ionic charge gradients within a metal nanoparticle film are used to output electrical energy. The metal nanoparticle core is ‘jammed’ within the film, while the counterion itself is mobile and magnetic; therefore, ionic gradients are created through an external magnetic field. The distribution gradient of magnetic counterions is subsequently transformed into an electric potential within the metal nanoparticle film and into an electron flow in the external circuit. The performance of the nanoparticle nanogenerator is also optimized, and the highest output open-circuit voltage reaches 0.55 V. Finally, we develop a continuum charge-transport model combining Poisson and Nernst‒Planck diffusion equations to simulate the production of electrical energy within metal nanoparticle films.
Population genomics and conservation management of the threatened black-footed tree-rat (Mesembriomys gouldii) in northern Australia
Authors: von Takach Brenton , Sargent Holly , Penton Cara E. , Rick Kate , Murphy Brett P. , Neave Georgina , Davies Hugh F. , Hill Brydie M. , Banks Sam C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGenomic diversity is a fundamental component of Earth’s total biodiversity, and requires explicit consideration in efforts to conserve biodiversity. To conserve genomic diversity, it is necessary to measure its spatial distribution, and quantify the contribution that any intraspecific evolutionary lineages make to overall genomic diversity. Here, we describe the range-wide population genomic structure of a threatened Australian rodent, the black-footed tree-rat (Mesembriomys gouldii), aiming to provide insight into the timing and extent of population declines across a large region with a dearth of long-term monitoring data. By estimating recent trajectories in effective population sizes at four localities, we confirm widespread population decline across the species’ range, but find that the population in the peri-urban area of the Darwin region has been more stable. Based on current sampling, the Melville Island population made the greatest contribution to overall allelic richness of the species, and the prioritisation analysis suggested that conservation of the Darwin and Cobourg Peninsula populations would be the most cost-effective scenario to retain more than 90% of all alleles. Our results broadly confirm current sub-specific taxonomy, and provide crucial data on the spatial distribution of genomic diversity to help prioritise limited conservation resources. Along with additional sampling and genomic analysis from the far eastern and western edges of the black-footed tree-rat distribution, we suggest a range of conservation and research priorities that could help improve black-footed tree-rat population trajectories at large and fine spatial scales, including the retention and expansion of structurally complex habitat patches.
A global synthesis of high-resolution stable isotope data from benthic foraminifera of the last deglaciation
Authors: Muglia Juan , Mulitza Stefan , Repschläger Janne , Schmittner Andreas , Lembke-Jene Lester , Lisiecki Lorraine , Mix Alan , Saraswat Rajeev , Sikes Elizabeth , Waelbroeck Claire , Gottschalk Julia , Lippold Jörg , Lund David , Martinez-Mendez Gema , Michel Elisabeth , Muschitiello Francesco , Naik Sushant , Okazaki Yusuke , Stott Lowell , Voelker Antje , Zhao Ning 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present the first version of the Ocean Circulation and Carbon Cycling (OC3) working group database, of oxygen and carbon stable isotope ratios from benthic foraminifera in deep ocean sediment cores from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23-19 ky) to the Holocene (<10 ky) with a particular focus on the early last deglaciation (19-15 ky BP). It includes 287 globally distributed coring sites, with metadata, isotopic and chronostratigraphic information, and age models. A quality check was performed for all data and age models, and sites with at least millennial resolution were preferred. Deep water mass structure as well as differences between the early deglaciation and LGM are captured by the data, even though its coverage is still sparse in many regions. We find high correlations among time series calculated with different age models at sites that allow such analysis. The database provides a useful dynamical approach to map physical and biogeochemical changes of the ocean throughout the last deglaciation.