bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A South Asian Mediterranean‐style diet is associated with favorable adiposity measures and lower diabetes risk: The MASALA cohort
Authors: Rai Sharan K. , Gortmaker Steven L. , Hu Frank B. , Kanaya Alka M. , Kandula Namratha R. , Sun Qi , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe Mediterranean diet is associated with lower risks for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease in certain populations, although data among diverse groups are limited. This study evaluated cross‐sectional and prospective associations between a novel South Asian Mediterranean‐style (SAM) diet and cardiometabolic risk among US South Asian individuals.MethodsThe study included 891 participants at baseline in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Culturally relevant foods were grouped into nine categories to construct the SAM score. The study examined associations of this score with cardiometabolic risk factors and incident T2D.ResultsAt baseline, higher adherence to the SAM diet was associated with lower glycated hemoglobin (−0.43% ± 0.15% per 1‐unit increase in SAM score; p = 0.004) and lower pericardial fat volume (−1.22 ± 0.55 cm3; p = 0.03), as well as a lower likelihood of obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.79–0.98) and fatty liver (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.98). Over the follow‐up (~5 years), 45 participants developed T2D; each 1‐unit increase in SAM score was associated with a 25% lower odds of incident T2D (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59–0.95).ConclusionsA greater intake of a SAM diet is associated with favorable adiposity measures and a lower likelihood of incident T2D.
Insulin resistance, cognition, and Alzheimer disease
Authors: Kim Anne B. , Arvanitakis Zoe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic diseases of aging are increasingly common. Dementia, often due to multiple etiologies including Alzheimer disease (AD), is at the forefront. Previous studies have reported higher rates of dementia among persons with diabetes, yet less is known about how insulin resistance relates to cognition. This article reviews recently published data on the relationship of insulin resistance to cognition and AD, and remaining knowledge gaps in the field are discussed. A structured review of studies was conducted over a 5‐year period, investigating insulin and cognitive function in adults with a baseline mean age of ≥65 years. This search yielded 146 articles, of which 26 met the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among the nine studies that specifically examined insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction and/or decline, eight studies suggest an association, but some only in subanalyses. Results are mixed in studies relating insulin to structural and functional changes on brain imaging, and data on intranasal insulin for cognition remain unclear. Future avenues are proposed to elucidate the impact of insulin resistance on brain structure and function, including cognition, in persons with and without AD.
TiO2 nanowire formation and GO reduction through a hydrothermal reaction to improve the thermal conductivity of epoxy composites
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Yang Wonyoung , Kim Jooheon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe thermal path must be properly configured to improve the thermal properties of polymer composites. Three‐dimensional (3D) thermally conductive networks can be used as an excellent means for building high‐speed conductive pathways in polymer composites. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanowire (NW)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/epoxy (EP) composite material has a 3D foam structure and focuses on TiO2 NW formation and rGO gelation through a hydrothermal process. The thermal conductivity of the synthetic composite material through filler loading at 50 wt.% and heat transfer path formation was 805% higher than that of pure EP, and the thermal conductivity was superior to that of the composite material with randomly dispersed fillers. Therefore, this work describes an advanced process to improve the thermal conductivity of polymer composites significantly.
Interpersonal sensitivity mediates the effects of perceived parenting styles on state anxiety and negative assessment of life events in adult volunteers from the community
Authors: Seki Tomoteru , Morishita Chihiro , Ishii Yoshitaka , Deguchi Ayaka , Higashiyama Motoki , Iwata Yoshio , Ono Miki , Honyashiki Mina , Masuya Jiro , Kusumi Ichiro , Inoue Takeshi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThe association of parenting experiences in childhood with anxiety symptoms in adulthood has yet to be clarified. We hypothesized that interpersonal sensitivity (IPS) mediates the impacts of parenting experiences in childhood on anxiety symptoms and negative assessment of life events in adulthood.MethodsAn observational cross‐sectional study was carried out from January 2014 to August 2014 on 853 adults. Participants provided their demographic information and answered the following four self‐administered questionnaires: Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM), Life Experiences Survey (LES), and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI‐Y). The data of a total of 404 participants who agreed to take part in this study were analyzed.ResultsMultiple regression analysis with the State Anxiety subscale of STAI‐Y as the dependent variable identified the following five out of the 15 independent variables as being statistically significant: IPSM total, LES positive and negative, PBI paternal overprotection, and employment status. This model explains 17.8% of the State Anxiety subscale score. In the structural equation models, the Care subscale showed significant indirect negative effects on State Anxiety subscale and LES negative score through a decrease in IPSM total score (β = –0.061 and –0.042, respectively). The former indirect effect accounted for 31.6%, and the latter accounted for 56.8% of the total effects. In contrast, Overprotection subscale had opposite effects to Care subscale.ConclusionThese results suggest that parenting experiences in childhood are related to adult anxiety symptoms and the negative assessment of life events indirectly through IPS.
Linear viscoelasticity, nonlinear rheology and applications of polyethylene terephthalate vitrimers
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cui Xiang , Zhang Hongdong , Yang Yuliang , Tang Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo enhance mechanical properties and processing performance of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), it was upcycled to processable PET vitrimers with different crosslinking degrees by introducing dynamic network. The thermodynamics and linear viscoelasticity of PET vitrimers were explored by non‐isothermal crystallization, isothermal sweep, frequency sweep and stress relaxation after incorporation of network. In particular, rheology experiments are sensitive to network structure and bond exchange mechanism in vitrimers. The pseudo‐master curves show that relaxation processes are composed of three characteristic regions: Rouse‐type relaxation of network strands, rubbery plateau and terminal relaxation of network, which is consistent with reversible gelation (RG) model. Two distinct (flow and chemical reaction) activation energies, are obtained by time–temperature superposition principle due to different temperature dependences of two relaxation behaviors. In addition, nonlinear rheology of PET vitrimers was investigated by extensional flow and start‐up shear at the same Weissenberg number, and obvious strain hardening behavior were observed in all vitrimers. However, vitrimers with different crosslinking density exhibited distinct strain hardening trends as increase of extensional rate, corresponding to the ductility of material. On the basis of kinetics study, self‐repairing and welding properties are further quantitatively explored for industrial applications.
Dornase alfa in mechanically ventilated children with bronchiolitis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Vettleson Kassandra , Heiberger Amy , Olgun Gokhan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe utility of the mucolytic dornase alfa in bronchiolitis has not been established, yet it is commonly used. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of dornase alfa to standard of care treatments for bronchiolitis in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients. This was a retrospective, cohort study conducted at a single‐center children's hospital evaluating pediatric patients with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis that required hospitalization and mechanical ventilation from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. The primary outcome evaluated was length of time on mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) length of stay and length of hospitalization. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the association of age, oxygen saturation index (OSI), positive end‐expiratory pressure values, blood pH levels, respiratory syncytial virus status, and the use of other mucolytics, bronchodilator therapy, or chest physiotherapy treatment. Seventy‐two patients were included in the study with 41 patients who were treated with dornase alfa. The patients who received dornase alfa had an average of 33.04 h longer on mechanical ventilation than those who did not (p = 0.0487). On average, they also had longer PICU and hospital stays by 2.05 days (p = 0.053) and 2.74 days (p = 0.02), respectively. In this study, pediatric patients who received dornase alfa had higher baseline OSI measurements than those who received standard of care, which impacted the primary outcome of time on mechanical ventilation and secondary outcome of time in the PICU. However, OSI, or any other variable, did not significantly affect results for the other secondary outcome of length of hospitalization. This study supports existing evidence that dornase alfa is not beneficial for bronchiolitis in pediatric patients, even in severe cases. Further prospective, randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate these outcomes.
Contemporary and emerging technologies for research in children's rare and interstitial lung disease
Authors: Li Rongbo , Sone Naoyuki , Gotoh Shimpei , Sun Xin , Hagood James S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough recent decades have seen the identification, classification and discovery of the genetic basis of many children's interstitial and rare lung disease (chILD) disorders, detailed understanding of pathogenesis and specific therapies are still lacking for most of them. Fortunately, a revolution of technological advancements has created new opportunities to address these critical knowledge gaps. High‐throughput sequencing has facilitated analysis of transcription of thousands of genes in thousands of single cells, creating tremendous breakthroughs in understanding normal and diseased cellular biology. Spatial techniques allow analysis of transcriptomes and proteomes at the subcellular level in the context of tissue architecture, in many cases even in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens. Gene editing techniques allow creation of “humanized” animal models in a shorter time frame, for improved knowledge and preclinical therapeutic testing. Regenerative medicine approaches and bioengineering advancements facilitate the creation of patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into tissue‐specific cell types which can be studied in multicellular “organoids” or “organ‐on‐a‐chip” approaches. These technologies, singly and in combination, are already being applied to gain new biological insights into chILD disorders. The time is ripe to systematically apply these technologies to chILD, together with sophisticated data science approaches, to improve both biological understanding and disease‐specific therapy.
Physiotherapists' experiences on assisting physiotherapy users during the COVID‐19 pandemic with lockdown measures in Spain
Authors: Fernández‐Lago Helena , Climent‐Sanz Carolina , Bravo Cristina , Bosch‐Barceló Pere , Masbernat‐Almenara María , Sanjuan‐Sánchez Daniel , Briones‐Vozmediano Erica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhysiotherapists had faced a new healthcare scenario characterised by the restrictions caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic.PurposeTo explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the physiotherapy profession from the perspective of physiotherapists working in the public and private sectors.MethodsQualitative study based on semi‐structured personal interviews with 16 physiotherapists working in public, private, or public‐private partnership sectors in Spain. The data were collected between March and June 2020. Inductive qualitative content analysis was performed.ResultsThe participants (13 women, 3 men; aged 24–44 years) had professional experience in diverse healthcare settings (primary, hospital, home, consultations, insurance companies, associations). Five categories were identified: (1) the impact of lockdown on the health of physiotherapy users; (2) managing the demand for physiotherapy services during lockdown; (3) introducing protocols and protective measures in physiotherapy consultations; (4) changes in therapeutic approaches; and (5) future expectations in the physiotherapy care model. Physiotherapists perceived that lockdown caused a decline in the functionality of people with chronic conditions, together with a reduction in the physiotherapy services. Difficulties in prioritising users considered urgent became evident, and the inclusion of prophylactic measures affected treatment duration differently depending on the care setting and the pandemic prompted the use of telerehabilitation.DiscussionThe pandemic affected the functional status of chronic physiotherapy users and made treatment time, quality of care and triage protocols visible. In physiotherapy, technological barriers need to be solved, such as digital literacy, families without resources, situations of dependency and cultural barriers.
Current status of diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in Chinese tertiary hospitals: A nationwide survey
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xie Wanmu , Xiao Yao , Guo Wei , Wang Yan , Zhang Wenmei , Duan Shengchen , Gao Qian , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Yunxia , Guo Xueran , Yin Ao , Peng Jiafei , Wan Jun , Zhai Zhenguo ,   Group of Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Chinese Thoracic Society; Working Committee of Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Chinese Association of Chest Physicians; Expert Committee, National Project of Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe intended to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment status of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in China and provide the basis for the design of the Chinese PH centers system. A questionnaire survey was conducted by sampling from Chinese Class A tertiary hospitals that have carried out the clinical work of PH, including the composition of PH clinical team, the current application of examinations related to PH diagnosis, the availability of PAH‐specific medicine and the implementation of PH‐related intervention and surgery. A total of 44 valid questionnaires from 20 provinces were collected in this survey. In the vast majority of centers (83.33%, n = 35), pulmonary artery catheterization was routinely performed under X‐ray guidance. In 19.05% (n = 8) of centers, pressure measurements were determined at the right time (the end of normal expiration). Only 73.81% (n = 31) centers have carried out acute vasoreactivity testing. Prostacyclin analogues and prostaglandin receptor agonists were just prescribed in 45.45% (n = 20) of the centers. 19 centers (43.18%) were capable of performing balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) and pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), while 25% (n = 11) were able to perform BPA, PEA, and lung transplantation. There was no significant difference in the diagnosis and treatment of PH between economic regions. The majority of Chinese tertiary hospitals were well equipped with the corresponding personnel, examinations and medicines related to PH, but the standardization and specialization of the management of PH need to be strengthened.
Global regulation of large‐scale nonlinear systems via decentralized output‐feedback switching control
Authors: Fan Debao , Zhang Xianfu , Pan Weihao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article concentrates on the global regulation problem for a class of large‐scale nonlinear systems with unknown growth rate and unknown external disturbances. In contrast to closely related works, the highlight of this article is that a novel decentralized output‐feedback switching control method is proposed for the first time to offset the serious uncertainties. By integrating logic‐based switching technique and gain scaling technique, this method can instantly adjust the controller parameters (that is, the scaling gain can be tuned online in a piecewise constant manner), and thus has strong adaptive capability as well as disturbance tolerance. Moreover, the decentralized output‐feedback switching controller designed by such the method has a concise linear‐like form and low complexity. It is shown that the objective of global regulation is finally achieved after a finite number of switching moments. Finally, two examples, including an engineering feedback control system design example, are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Highly robust zinc metal anode directed by organic–inorganic synergistic interfaces for wearable aqueous zinc battery
Authors: Zhang Xixi , Li Chuanlin , Qu Guangmeng , Wang Chenggang , Zhao Shunshun , Wang Tongkai , Li Na , Li Xiaojuan , Xu Xijin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFlexible aqueous zinc batteries (FAZBs) with high safety and environmental friendliness are promising smart power sources for smart wearable electronics. However, the bare zinc anode usually suffers from damnable dendrite growth and rampant side reaction on the surface, greatly impeding practical applications in FAZBs. Herein, a composite polymer interface layer is artificially self‐assembled on the surface of the zinc anode by graft‐modified fluorinated monomer (polyacrylic acid‐2‐(Trifluoromethyl)propenoic acid, PAA‐TFPA), on which an organic–inorganic hybrid (PAA‐Zn/ZnF2) solid electrolyte interface (SEI) with excellent ionic conductivity is formed by interacting with Zn2+. Both the pouch cell and fiber zinc anode exhibit excellent plating/stripping reversibility after protecting by this organic–inorganic SEI, which can be stably cycled more than 3000 h in symmetric Zn||Zn cells or 550 h in fiber Zn||Zn cells. Additionally, this interface layer preserves zinc anode with excellent mechanical durability under various mechanical deformation (stably working for another 1200 h after bending 100 h). The corresponding PAA‐Zn/ZnF2@Zn||MnO2 full cell displays an ultra‐long life span (79% capacity retention after 3000 cycles) and mechanical robustness (85% of the initial capacity for another 3000 cycles after bending 100 times). More importantly, the as‐assembled cells can easily power smart wearable devices to monitor the user's health condition.
Constructing Ionic Self‐Concentrated Electrolyte via Introducing Montmorillonite Toward High‐Performance Aqueous Zn−MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Yang Lu , Zhang Tengsheng , Liu Sainan , Wang Ziqing , Liu Zhexuan , Cao Xinxin , Fang Guozhao , Liang Shuquan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc metal batteries are regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium–ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage due to the abundant zinc resources, high safety, and low cost. Herein, an ionic self‐concentrated electrolyte (ISCE) is proposed to enable uniform Zn deposition and reversible reaction of MnO2 cathode. Benefitting from the compatibility of ISCE with electrodes and its adsorption on the electrode surface for guidance, the Zn/Zn symmetrical batteries exhibit the long‐life cycle stability with more than 5000 and 1500 h at 0.2 and 5 mA cm−2, respectively. The Zn/MnO2 battery also exhibits a high capacity of 351 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and can enable a stability over 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work provides a new insight into electrolyte design for stable aqueous Zn–MnO2 battery.
Spectroscopic and Biophysical Methods to Determine Differential Salt‐Uptake by Primitive Membraneless Polyester Microdroplets
Authors: Chen Chen , Yi Ruiqin , Igisu Motoko , Sakaguchi Chie , Afrin Rehana , Potiszil Christian , Kunihiro Tak , Kobayashi Katsura , Nakamura Eizo , Ueno Yuichiro , Antunes André , Wang Anna , Chandru Kuhan , Hao Jihua , Jia Tony Z. 
Published: May 2023

Abstractα‐Hydroxy acids are prebiotic monomers that undergo dehydration synthesis to form polyester gels, which assemble into membraneless microdroplets upon aqueous rehydration. These microdroplets are proposed as protocells that can segregate and compartmentalize primitive molecules/reactions. Different primitive aqueous environments with a variety of salts could have hosted chemistries that formed polyester microdroplets. These salts could be essential cofactors of compartmentalized prebiotic reactions or even directly affect protocell structure. However, fully understanding polyester–salt interactions remains elusive, partially due to technical challenges of quantitative measurements in condensed phases. Here, spectroscopic and biophysical methods are applied to analyze salt uptake by polyester microdroplets. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is applied to measure the cation concentration within polyester microdroplets after addition of chloride salts. Combined with methods to determine the effects of salt uptake on droplet turbidity, size, surface potential and internal water distribution, it was observed that polyester microdroplets can selectively partition salt cations, leading to differential microdroplet coalescence due to ionic screening effects reducing electrostatic repulsion forces between microdroplets. Through applying existing techniques to novel analyses related to primitive compartment chemistry and biophysics, this study suggests that even minor differences in analyte uptake can lead to significant protocellular structural change.
Recent Advances for High‐Entropy based Layered Cathodes for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Gao Xudong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Xiangyu , Tian Yinfeng , Cai Qiuyun , Jia Min , Yan Xiaohong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, layered oxides have been extensively studied as promising cathode materials for sodium ion batteries. However, layered oxides undergo complex phase transitions during charge‐discharge process, which adversely affects the electrochemical performance. High‐entropy layered oxides as a unique design concept can effectively improve the cycling performance of cathode materials by virtue of the 2D ion migration channels between the layers. Based on the concepts of high‐entropy and layered oxides, this paper reviews the research status of high‐entropy layered oxides in the field of sodium‐ion batteries, focusing on the connection between high‐entropy and layered oxide phase transitions during electrochemical charging and discharging. Finally, the advantages of layered cathode materials based high‐entropy are summarized, and the opportunities and challenges of future high‐entropy layered materials are proposed.