bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquefaction Controlling Components and Their Effect on Carbon-Free Mold Powders
Authors: Gruber Nathalie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the continuous casting of ultra-low carbon steels, recarburization from the mold powder negatively affects steel quality. Therefore, to develop mold powders without free carbon, different carbides or nitrides have been proposed and evaluated in laboratory and field studies. Among these, SiC and Si3N4 were selected for the present study. Additionally, thermodynamic calculations were performed to quantitatively describe their effect on the melting behavior of the mold powder. To verify the results under high heating rates, mixtures of raw material components were placed in a steel crucible with a lid, inserted into a furnace preheated to different temperatures, and investigated mineralogically. The results agreed with those of the thermodynamic calculations. Moreover, the results suggested that Si3N4 and SiC were suitable raw material components and alternatives to carbon in the mold powder. They prevented solid–solid reactions between raw material components to form new phases and were still found at the temperature of 1200 °C. Consequently, the CaO/SiO2 ratio was higher before oxidation and affected the liquid-phase formation. The addition of antioxidants reduced the liquefaction-controlling effect of SiC. Additionally, the study shows that the sample preparation impacts the phase formation: granules facilitate phase formation due to a higher contact of reactants, further they show earlier melting close to their surface as sodium content is increased there by the spray drying procedure.
The Molluscicidal Activity of Green Synthesized Copper Oxide–Based Annona squamosa Seed Extract Nanoparticles on the Feeding Behavior, Biochemical, Molecular, and Immunohistochemical Alterations of Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails
Authors: Hussein Ahmed A. A. , Abd El-latif Mona B. , Saad El-Din Marwa I. , El-Shenawy Nahla S. , Hammam Olfat , Ibrahim Amina M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBecause of their low ecological impact, plant molluscicides have garnered much attention. The work aimed to find out if Annona squamosa (AS) seed extract has a molluscicidal impact on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and enhances this extract by adding CuO nanoparticles (NPs). Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and PANalytical X’Pert PRO X-ray diffractometer (XRD), the presence of the green A. squamosa-based CuO NPs (AS-CuO NPs) was confirmed. After 24 h of exposure, the half-lethal concentration (LC50) of AS-CuO NPs was more toxic to mature B. alexandrina than the aqueous extract of AS seeds (LC50: 119.25 mg/L vs. 169.03 mg/L). The results show that snails exposed to sublethal doses of AS-CuO NPs at LC10 or LC25 (95.4 or 106.7 mg/L, respectively) had much higher glucose levels and alkaline phosphatase activity than those not exposed. Nevertheless, there was no discernible change in the protein content in general or glycogen phosphorylase production. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed that snails exposed to A. squamosa-derived CuO NPs LC10 had shrinking digestive tubules and degeneration as well as vacuolation of many digestive, secretory, ova, and sperm cells, with PCNA expressing positively in the hermaphrodite gland and digestive tubule cells. The toxic profile of green CuO NPs produced by A. squamosa may damage the biological activity of B. alexandrina snails; thus, this compound could be used as a molluscicidal base. Furthermore, B. alexandrina proved to be a useful biomarker of nanomaterial contamination.
Early Alterations of PACAP and VIP Expression in the Female Rat Brain Following Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Broome Sarah Thomas , Mandwie Mawj , Gorrie Catherine A. , Musumeci Giuseppe , Marzagalli Rubina , Castorina Alessandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrevious evidence shows that rapid changes occur in the brain following spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we interrogated the expression of the neuropeptides pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptides (VIP), and their binding receptors in the rat brain 24 h following SCI. Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent thoracic laminectomy; half of the rats received a mild contusion injury at the level of the T10 vertebrate (SCI group); the other half underwent sham surgery (sham group). Twenty-four hours post-surgery, the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus (dorsal and ventral), prefrontal cortex, and periaqueductal gray were collected. PACAP, VIP, PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 mRNA and protein levels were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. In SCI rats, PACAP expression was increased in the hypothalamus (104–141% vs sham) and amygdala (138–350%), but downregulated in the thalamus (35–95%) and periaqueductal gray (58–68%). VIP expression was increased only in the thalamus (175–385%), with a reduction in the amygdala (51–68%), hippocampus (40–75%), and periaqueductal gray (74–76%). The expression of the PAC1 receptor was the least disturbed by SCI, with decrease expression in the ventral hippocampus (63–68%) only. The expression levels of VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors were globally reduced, with more prominent reductions of VPAC1 vs VPAC2 in the amygdala (21–70%) and ventral hippocampus (72–75%). In addition, VPAC1 downregulation also extended to the dorsal hippocampus (69–70%). These findings demonstrate that as early as 24 h post-SCI, there are region-specific disruptions of PACAP, VIP, and related receptor transcript and protein levels in supraspinal regions controlling higher cognitive functions.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 11 Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Gene Expression Through FXRα Suppression
Authors: Seong Mi So , Jang Jeong Ah , Jeong Ye Rim , Kim Ye Bin , Kyaw Yi Yi , Kong Hee Jeong , Lee Jung-Hyun , Cheong JaeHun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11) is a member of the intracellular FGF family, which shows different signal transmission compared with other FGF superfamily members. The molecular function of FGF11 is not clearly understood. In this study, we identified the inhibitory effect of FGF11 on hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene expression through transcriptional suppression. FGF11 decreased the mRNA and protein expression of HBV genes in liver cells. While the nuclear receptor FXRα1 increased HBV promoter transactivation, FGF11 decreased the FXRα-mediated gene induction of the HBV promoter by the FXRα agonist. Reduced endogenous levels of FXRα by siRNA and the dominant negative mutant protein (aa 1–187 without ligand binding domain) of FXRα expression indicated that HBV gene suppression by FGF11 is dependent on FXRα inhibition. In addition, FGF11 interacts with FXRα protein and reduces FXRα protein stability. These results indicate that FGF11 inhibits HBV replicative expression through the liver cell-specific transcription factor, FXRα, and suppresses HBV promoter activity. Our findings may contribute to the establishment of better regimens for the treatment of chronic HBV infections by including FGF11 to alter the bile acid mediated FXR pathway.
End-of-Life Care Education as Blended Learning Approach for General Practitioners: a Scoping Review
Authors: Atreya Shrikant , Salins Naveen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGeneral practitioners (GPs) are critical in providing primary palliative care in the community. Apprehensions about managing a dying person at home, difficulties in goals of care discussion, limited resources and lack of palliative care education often hinder end-of-life care provision in the community. This review focused on the end-of-life care training programs accessed by GPs and sought to understand if the training programs’ content and mode of delivery aligned with their preferred needs. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched to identify articles published in English between 01 January 1990 and 30 September 2022. Additionally, searches were conducted using SCOPUS, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database using free texts. The reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and full text to identify eligible studies and extracted textual data to analyse and generate themes. Out of 5532 citations initially accessed, 17 studies were included in the review. Six themes were generated: knowledge translation, skill development, a change in attitude, self-efficacy, satisfaction, and patient outcomes. The GPs’ end-of-life care knowledge, skills, attitude, self-efficacy, and patient outcomes were better when their training had a combination of small-group interactive workshops, trigger case-based reflective learning, mentor-facilitated experiential learning, web-based modules, and peer learning. The synthesis of review findings supports blended learning as a training approach for general the practitioners’ end-of-life care education as it facilitates learning and patient outcomes.
The Geometric Phase in Classical Systems and in the Equivalent Quantum Hermitian and Non-Hermitian PT-Symmetric Systems
Authors: Fanchiotti H. , García Canal C.A. , Mayosky M. , Veiga A. , Vento V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe decomplexification procedure allows one to show mathematically (stricto sensu) the equivalence (isomorphism) between the quantum dynamics of a system with a finite number of basis states and a classical dynamics system. This unique way of connecting different dynamics was used in the past to analyze the relationship between the well-known geometric phase present in the quantum evolution discovered by Berry and its generalizations, with their analogs, the Hannay phases, in the classical domain. In here, this analysis is carried out for several quantum hermitian and non-hermitian PT-symmetric Hamiltonians and compared with the Hannay phase analysis in their classical isomorphic equivalent systems. As the equivalence ends in the classical domain with oscillator dynamics, we exploit the analogy to propose resonant electric circuits coupled with a gyrator, to reproduce the geometric phase coming from the theoretical solutions, in simulated laboratory experiments.
The role of mitochondrial/metabolic axis in development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Azzam Hany N. , El-Derany Marwa O. , Wahdan Sara A. , Faheim Reham M. , Helal Gouda K. , El-Demerdash Ebtehal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOnly a few investigations, to our knowledge, have examined the bioenergetics of Tamoxifen (TMX) resistant individuals and reported altered mitochondrial activity and metabolic profile. The primary cause of TMX resistance is firmly suggested to be metabolic changes. Metabolic variations and hypoxia have also been linked in a bidirectional manner. Increased hypoxic levels correlate with early recurrence and proliferation and have a negative therapeutic impact on breast cancer (BC) patients. Hypoxia, carcinogenesis, and patient death are all correlated, resulting in more aggressive traits, a higher chance of metastasis, and TMX resistance. Consequently, we sought to investigate the possible role of the metabolic/hypoxial axis Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Taurine up-regulated 1 (TUG-1), Micro-RNA 186-5p (miR-186), Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor alpha (PPAR-α), and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1) in the development of TMX resistance in BC patients and to correlate this axis with tumor progression. Interestingly, this will be the first time to explore epigenetic regulation of this axis in BC.
Assessing the evolution of educational accessibility with self-avoiding random walk: insights from Helsinki
Authors: Aydin Nazli Yonca , Yigitbasi Emre , Casali Ylenia , van Wee Bert 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRapid urbanization has posed challenges to accessibility to critical services that require in-depth analysis. Complex networks theory has been used to evaluate the evolution of network topologies or the overall accessibility of transportation systems. However, topological metrics to explain the temporal changes in accessibility levels do not fully capture the dynamics and implications of accessibility to specific critical services. In this study, we address this gap and investigate the opportunities of using a self-avoiding random walk (SARW) algorithm to evaluate and explain the evolution of spatial accessibility to education facilities. We used hotspot analysis to understand the temporal changes and investigated changes in hot and cold spots over time. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between the network indicators and the SARW-based accessibility metric. We illustrated this method in a case study from Helsinki, where large-scale open data spanning from 1991 to 2016 is available. Our findings indicate that the SARW-based metric delivers more detailed node-level results than the traditional isochrone-based metric. The latter generates accessibility zones where accessibility is assumed to be uniform, while the SARW metric captures the dynamic nature of educational facility accessibility more accurately. The developed methodology helps to identify the impacts on the historical development of accessibility and can be applied to investigate accessibility to other critical services.
Normdaten in den Geisteswissenschaften
Authors: Busch Nathanael , Müller Diana 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Konzept der Normdaten bietet den Geisteswissenschaften ein großes Potential und ist in den letzten Jahren ein wichtiges Arbeitsinstrument für sie geworden. Normdaten sind überall dort nützlich, wo eindeutige Identifizierbarkeit erforderlich ist (u. a. bei Editionen, Bibliographien, Wörterbüchern) oder automatischer Datenaustausch zwischen unabhängigen Projekten angestrebt wird. Dieser Beitrag richtet sich aber nicht nur an Mitarbeitende in Datenbank-Projekten, sondern auch an LeserInnen außerhalb der Digital Humanities; er will dafür sensibilisieren, welchen Nutzen es bringt, wenn WissenschaftlerInnen Normdaten in ihre Arbeit einbeziehen. Geboten werden Informationen zum Aufbau und Zweck von Normdaten allgemein sowie zum Umgang mit ihnen; mit der Gemeinsamen Normdatei (GND) wird eine im deutschsprachigen Raum viel genutzte Normdatei vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus wird erklärt, wie die Daten der GND für eigene Forschungsvorhaben nachgenutzt werden können und unter welchen Umständen die Forschung die GND aktiv bearbeiten kann.
Family-centered delirium prevention and treatment using video calls: the FACE Delirium trial
Authors: Trabert Johannes , Schenk Andreas , Golbach Rejane , Püllen Rupert , Schütze Sandra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In the FACE Delirium trial, we investigated the feasibility of a structured FAmily-CEntered delirium prevention and treatment during the corona pandemic.

Methods
Patients hospitalized in a German geriatric medicine department were included in this single-center, prospective, single-arm feasibility study. Their relatives received a short training on delirium and volunteers or paid staff members facilitated video calls. The primary endpoint was reached when contact between patients and their relatives occurred on ≥ 80% of treatment days, either via video call or visit.

Results
38 patients were included (age 83.0 ± 5.9 years; 73.7% women). 76.3% reached the primary endpoint. Due to the pandemic, 99.3% of the contacts were video calls with a duration of 24.8 ± 16.3 min.

Conclusion
Family-centered delirium prevention and treatment using video calls is feasible among hospitalized geriatric patients. Daily implementation in clinical practice poses challenges and requires motivated and qualified staff.
Psychological precursors of entrepreneurial intentions among higher education students in Ghana
Authors: Mahama Inuusah , Eshun Peter , Amos Patricia Mawusi , Antwi Theresa , Amoako Bernard Mensah , Eggley Veronica Esinam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Entrepreneurship is seen as the solution to graduate unemployment in Ghana, and students are required to take a course on entrepreneurship that teaches them how to work for themselves. Therefore, this study investigated the psychological precursors of entrepreneurial intentions among higher education students.

Methods
Using the analytical cross-sectional survey design, 250 participants were sampled from public universities to participate in the survey. Participants were required to respond to three constructs (entrepreneurial scaffolding, psychological capital, and entrepreneurial intentions). The data analyses were performed using multivariate regression.

Results
The study’s findings showed that entrepreneurial scaffolding and psychological capital were significant predictors of entrepreneurial intentions.

Conclusion
The researchers concluded that students’ convictions about succeeding or failing and plans to engage in entrepreneurial behaviours depended on proper entrepreneurial guidance and a positive mindset. As a result, higher education institutions and career counsellors in Ghana should be strengthened and include practical guides to entrepreneurial training, thereby reducing graduate unemployment in Ghana.
Severity of COVID-19 Disease Among Unvaccinated Users and Non-users of Tobacco Products
Authors: Alqahtani Mansour Z. , Alkattan Abdullah , Almazrou Aljoharah M. , Radwan Nashwa , Mahmoud Nagla , Elkhobby Ahmed A. , Alshaibani Mohamed , Alabdulkareem Khaled 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies have identified several risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, studies on the effects of tobacco use on COVID-19 severity have shown contradictory results. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between COVID-19 and tobacco use.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients previously hospitalized because of COVID-19, none of whom had received any COVID-19 vaccinations. Subjective data, such as medical history of chronic diseases, hospital length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, requirement for mechanical ventilation, and tobacco use history, were gathered through telephone interviews through a pre-designed questionnaire.

Results
Fifty-eight patients with COVID-19 used tobacco products, whereas 114 patients were non-users (tobacco use prevalence of 34%). The most common methods of tobacco use were smoking cigarettes (69%), smoking shisha (50%), using electronic cigarettes (10%), and chewing tobacco (3%). Although most patients developed COVID-19 symptoms, most of the reported symptoms were more frequent among the non-tobacco users. The associations of tobacco use with COVID-19 symptoms, mean LOS, ICU admission, and the need for mechanical ventilation were not significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Although no significant association was found between COVID-19 severity and tobacco use, continued comprehensive tobacco cessation strategies remain important to mitigate the overall health consequences associated with tobacco consumption.
The Effect of Referendums on Autocratic Survival: Running Alone and Not Finishing Second
Authors: Penadés Alberto , Velasco Sergio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDictatorships that use plebiscites – that is, referendums initiated by the executive – have a longer expected lifespan. A successful plebiscite sends a signal that makes coordination for collective action more difficult and induces the falsification of preferences. It also enhances the status of the dictator within the regime and against potential rivals through the use of agenda power. As a result, plebiscites are followed by decreased mobilization and a reduced risk of palace coups. This, in turn, adds years to the dictator's tenure. We have found evidence to support these propositions by utilizing data from various databases of autocratic regimes that span from 1946 to 2008.
Annual N95 respirator fit-testing: an unnecessary burden on healthcare
Authors: Martin Thomas C. S. , Curtin Genevieve , Martin Natasha K. , Torriani Francesca J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUS regulations mandate annual N95 mask fit testing for healthcare workers, but the optimal testing interval is unknown. In our study using data from 12,565 healthcare workers, the probability of survival free from fit-test failure after 3 years was 99.4%, suggesting that less frequent fit testing every 3 years would be safe.
Prevalence and characterisation of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in patients with exercise-induced dyspnoea
Authors: Jeppesen Karin , Philipsen Bahareh Bakhshaie , Mehlum Camilla Slot 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction is largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of this condition in a selected study population of patients with exercise-induced dyspnoea.MethodA retrospective analysis was conducted of demographic data, co-morbidities, medication, symptoms, performance level of sporting activities, continuous laryngoscopy exercise test results and subsequent treatment.ResultsData from 184 patients were analysed. The overall prevalence of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in the study population was 40 per cent, and the highest prevalence was among females aged under 18 years (61 per cent). However, a high prevalence among males aged under 18 years (50 per cent) and among adults regardless of gender (34 per cent) was also found.ConclusionThe prevalence of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction is clinically relevant regardless of age and gender. Clinicians are encouraged to consider exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction as a possible diagnosis in patients suffering from exercise-induced respiratory symptoms. No single characteristic that can distinguish exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction from other similar conditions was identified.
Using effective psychological techniques to subvert a US sociopolitical context
Authors: Mermelstein Ilana J. , Preston Stephanie D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chater & Loewenstein argue for a shift in focus from individual- to structural-level approaches to societal ills. This is valid and important but overlooks the barriers inherent in the current US partisan context. Psychology can be applied to help people of mixed allyship join together, to effectively and quickly force institutions and corporations to accept structural change.
Don't throw the individual perspective out while waiting for systemic change
Authors: Collier Elizabeth S. , Harris Kathryn L. , Jecks Michael , Bendtsen Marcus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although it is clear that i-frame approaches cannot stand alone, the impact of s-frame changes can plateau. Combinations of these approaches may best reflect what we know about behavior and how to support behavioral change. Interactions between i-frame and s-frame thinking are explored here using two examples: alcohol consumption and meat consumption.
The influence of private interests on research in behavioural public policy: A system-level problem
Authors: Bright Liam Kofi , Parry Jonathan , Thoma Johanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChater & Loewenstein argue that i-frame research has been coopted by private interests opposed to system-level reform, leading to ineffective interventions. They recommend that behavioural scientists refocus on system-level interventions. We suggest that the influence of private interests on research is problematic for wider normative and epistemic reasons. A system-level intervention to shield research from private influence is needed.
The “hearts-and-minds frame”: Not all i-frame interventions are ineffective, but education-based interventions can be particularly bad
Authors: Kristal Ariella S. , Davidai Shai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Pitting i-frame policies against s-frame policies inadvertently propagates a false dichotomy that fails to distinguish between effective i-frame policies that directly change behaviors and ineffective education-based i-frame policies that try to change people's hearts and minds. We argue that people's fixation on changing hearts and minds may be an obstacle for behavioral science in policy.