bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐disorder explained: Yasunaga's “Phantom Space Theory” on schizophrenia
Authors: Kumazaki Tsutomu , Hayashi Naoki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present article revisits the theoretical model of schizophrenia by Hiroshi YASUNAGA (1929–2011). Yasunaga restated ego disturbance in schizophrenia as the “Pattern Reversal” between selfhood and otherness, based on British philosopher Wauchope's concept of “pattern.” This concept is meant as asymmetrical relatedness (A/B) within a pair of concepts, such as life and death, quality and quantity, and self and other, prioritizing the former (A side) over the latter (B side). When applied to the pair of self and other, the pattern is vital for human experiences, and its disruption fundamentally alters every lived experience. Subsequently, Yasunaga extended the theory of pattern and invented his original “Phantom Space Theory,” in which he postulated “Phantom Space,” an experiential space that constitutes system a (A‐side‐led and consciously determined distance) and system a' (B‐side‐dominated and extra‐consciously given distance). He then constructed a kind of neural system model composed of systems a and a', and thereby schematically presented a novel viewpoint on experiences of self and the outside world. The theory further illustrated how the hypothesized imbalance (Phantom Space shrinkage or diminished elasticity of system a') causes symptoms of schizophrenia, such as ego disturbances, auditory hallucinations, and other unspecific symptoms. This article then examines the clinical and theoretical implications of Yasunaga's psychiatric works. Phantom Space Theory is a non‐stigmatizing account of schizophrenia because it does not presuppose personal or existential causes of psychosis. The relationship between Phantom Space Theory and dual‐process theory is also explored.
Linear versus cubic regression models for analyzing generalized reverse degree based topological indices of certain latest corona treatment drug molecules
Authors: Arockiaraj Micheal , Greeni A. Berin , Kalaam AR. Abul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe major challenges encountered by medical researchers in developing new drugs are time consumption, increased cost, establishing a safety profile for the drugs, poor solubility, and inadequate experimental data. In its theoretical aspects, chemical graph theory plays a vital role in drug design and development by analyzing the structural parameters of molecules. Topological indices aim at the mathematical representation of a molecular structure, which is used to analyze the effectiveness of drugs and enhance the drug development process. In this study, we consider certain recently used drugs such as dexamethasone, molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir, ivermectin, ribavirin, baricitinib, favipiravir, duvelisib, L‐ascorbic acid, sofosbuvir, remdesivir, and pioglitazone for omicron, delta and other variants of coronaviruses. For these drug molecules, we propose a generalized form of reverse degree parameters and compute their associated topological indices with limiting behaviors. We undertake QSPR study on the potential of generalized reverse‐degree indices using linear and cubic regression models.
Immobilizing Quinone‐Fused Aza‐Phenazine into π‐d Conjugated Coordination Polymers with Multiple‐Active Sites for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cheng Linqi , Yu Jie , Chen Lan , Chu Juan , Wang Junhao , Wang Heng‐Guo , Feng Danyang , Cui Fengchao , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of coordination polymers with π‐d conjugation (CCPs) provides ide prospects for exploring the next generation of environmental‐friendliness energy storage systems. Herein, the synthesis, experimental characterizations, and Na‐ion storage mechanism of π‐d CCPs with multiple‐active sites are reported, which use quinone‐fused aza‐phenazine (AP) and aza‐phenazin (AP) as the organic ligands coordinated with the metal center (Ni2+). Among them, NiQAP as the cathode material exhibits impressive electrochemical properties applied in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), including the high initial/stable discharge specific capacities (180.0/225.6 mAh g−1) at 0.05 A g−1, a long‐term cycle stability up to 10,000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 with a high reversible capacity of 100.1 mAh g−1, and good rate capability of 99.6 mAh g−1 even at 5.0 A g−1. Moreover, the Na‐ion storage mechanism of NiQAP is also performed by the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, showing multiple‐active sites of C≐O and C≐N (in the quinone and phenazine structure) and NiO4 (in the coordination unit) for Na‐ion storage. These results highlight the importance of organic electrode material with the coordination units and provide a foundation for further studying the CCPs with multiple active sites for energy storage systems.
Improving Cooperative Interactions Between Halogenated Aromatic Additives and Aromatic Side Chain Acceptors for Realizing 19.22% Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Guowei , Xu Xiaopeng , Liao Chentong , Yu Liyang , Li Ruipeng , Peng Qiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProcessing additive plays an important role in the standard operation procedures for fabricating top performing polymer solar cells (PSCs) through efficient interactions with key photovoltaic materials. However, improving interaction study of acceptor materials to high performance halogenated aromatic additives such as diiodobenzene (DIB) is a widely neglected route for molecular engineering toward more efficient device performances. In this work, two novel Y‐type acceptor molecules of BTP‐TT and BTP‐TTS with different aromatic side chains on the outer positions are designed and synthesized. The resulting aromatic side chains significantly enhanced the interactions between the acceptor molecules and DIB through an arene/halogenated arene interaction, which improved the crystallinity of the acceptor molecules and induced a polymorph with better photovoltaic performances. Thus, high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.04% and 19.22% are achieved in binary and ternary blend devices using BTP‐TTS as acceptor and DIB as additive. Aromatic side chain engineering for improving additive interactions is proved to be an effective strategy for achieving much higher performance photovoltaic materials and devices.
Multifunctional Supramolecular Vesicles as Zn2+‐Triggered Microglial Modulator Alleviates Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jia Zhi , Tang Ran , Yuan Xiaoyu , Zhu Hengmin , Guo Jiaqi , Chen Yutong , Yang Yonglan , Liang Bin , Lu Shuhao , Cao Derong , Liu Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractZn2+‐induced β‐amyloid protein (Aβ) aggregation and microglia activation are the predominant contributors in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Regulating intracephalic excessive Zn2+ is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD treatment. However, only inhibition of Zn2+ is hardly to repair continuous damages caused by activated microglia. Herein, an intelligent resveratrol‐loaded supramolecular vesicles (RES‐loaded vesicles) with zinc ion chelation function and responsive release capability are constructed to alleviate Aβ fibrillation, oxidative stress, and microglial dysfunction. The resveratrol encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency are calculated to be 49.67% and 7.87%, respectively. In vitro studies demonstrate that the RES‐loaded vesicles can modulate Zn2+‐dependent Aβ aggregation. More importantly, the cargoes will be released in zinc environment and further reprograms microglia from proinflammatory M1 phenotype toward anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, which prevents spontaneous neuroinflammation and alleviates cytotoxicity of cultured cells from 29% to 12%. With the stereotactic or intranasal administration, RES‐loaded vesicles can overcome the blood brain barrier, alleviate neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and ultimately ameliorate cognitive impairment in two AD mouse models. This work provides a new sight for taking advantage of Zn2+ to treat CNS disorders.
Highly Durable Janus Fabrics Based on Transfer Prints for Personal Moisture Management
Authors: Zhou Wei , Min Shuqiang , Zhan Tonghuan , Zhang Yue , Pan Deng , Yuan Yan , Xu Bing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractJanus fabrics with moisture management ability have great potential for improving both physiological and psychological comfort of human body. However, current methods for creating Janus fabrics are typically complex, environmentally unfriendly, and costly. More importantly, the prepared Janus fabrics have demonstrated insufficient mechanical properties and poor fastness, rendering them unsuitable for practical applications. Here, this work proposes a method for constructing Janus fabrics through thermal transfer printing of hydrophobic transfer prints onto a superhydrophilic cotton fabric, followed by creation of a conical micropore array on the fabric surface. The as‐prepared Janus fabrics exhibit excellent unidirectional liquid transport capacity, capable of transporting 50 µL water completely in 11.6 s in the positive direction. Attributed to the durable property of the transfer prints, the Janus fabrics are capable of withstanding over 900 friction cycles and 250 home laundry cycles, which is a great advance in this research field. Additionally, the fabrication process has no detrimental effect on the fabric's breathability, elasticity, and flexibility. Furthermore, the Janus fabric can maintain human body temperature 3.6 °C cooler than that worn with cotton fabric. The fabrication method can provide useful insights for the design and creation of durable Janus fabrics to maximize personal comfort.
Intelligent Multifunctional Sensing Systems based on Ordered Macro‐Microporous Metal Organic Framework and Its Derivatives
Authors: Wang Jing , Ren Yuan , Li Wei , Wu Limin , Deng Yonghui , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCompared with nanomaterials‐based sensors with single function, the development of multifunctional sensors shows high potential in comprehensive monitoring of personal health and environment, intelligent human‐machine interfaces, and realistic imitation of human skin in prosthetics. Ordered macro‐microporous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)‐enabled flexible and stretchable electronics are promising candidates for integrated multifunctional sensing systems. Herein, a three‐dimensional ordered macro‐microporous zeolite imidazolate framework‐8 (3DOM ZIF‐8) for humidity sensing and the derived ZnO within a hierarchically ordered macroporous‐mesoporous‐microporous carbon matrix (ZnO@HOMC) for gas sensor is constructed. Benefit from hierarchically ordered macroporous‐mesoporous‐microporous structure, the active site is fully exposed, and the charge transfer is accelerated. As a result, the multifunctional sensing systems show ultrafast response and recovery speed (10 s and 34 s), high sensitivity (Rair/Rgas = 38.6@50 ppm) to acetone, rapid humidity response speed (0.23 s) within changing humidity (RH 21%–99%), excellent stability and repeatability. Furthermore, in order to realize real‐time monitoring of gas concentrations and humidity on mobile devices, an intelligent and portable sensor module is fabricated and wirelessly connected to a smartphone to effectively detect acetone concentration and humidity. This sensing technology shows fascinating applications in personal health, fitness tracking, electronic skins, artificial nervous systems, and human‐machine interactions.
CuCeO Bimetallic Oxide Rapidly Treats Staphylococcus aureus‐Infected Osteomyelitis through Microwave Strengthened Microwave Catalysis and Fenton‐Therapy
Authors: Sun Wenchan , Wang Chaofeng , Wan Danya , Zheng Yufeng , Wu Shuilin , Shen Jie , Zhang Yu , Liu Xiangmei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOsteomyelitis caused by bacteria is a deep‐seated lesion and is often treated clinically with antibiotics. Long‐term use of antibiotics may predispose bacteria to develop resistance. Here, CuCeOx material is applied to treat infectious bacterial osteomyelitis using microwave (MW)‐assisted bacterial killing. Heat generation occurs as a result of the dielectric properties of the material under MW irradiation, and the material generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under MW irradiation. Heat and ROS increase the thermal sensitivity and permeability of bacterial cell membranes, and the released copper ions easily penetrate the bacterial membrane and react with H2O2 to produce a toxic hydroxyl group inside the bacteria, leading to the bacteria's eventual death. This is due to the synergistic effect of the MW thermal effect, ROS, and the breaking of the equilibrium within the bacteria. CuCeOx can effectively treat osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus using MW irradiation. This study can safely and effectively address the challenge of deep tissue infections by shedding light on non‐invasive antimicrobial systems and using MW thermal therapy and MW dynamics to achieve therapeutic results.
Surgical repair of ruptured omphalocele in a high genetic merit neonatal Holstein bull calf
Authors: Koebel Katherine J. , Pearson Garett B. , Radcliffe Rolfe M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA neonatal Holstein bull calf presented emergently for abdominal evisceration. Calving was unassisted. Ninety minutes postpartum, farm staff noted the defect and brought the patient to the hospital. On presentation, the calf was recumbent, dull, and in hypovolemic shock with uncompensated hyperlactatemic metabolic acidosis. Multiple organs were identified through a 4–5 cm defect in the caudoventral midline. Differentials included a ruptured omphalocele, gastroschisis, trauma and schistosomus reflexus. This presentation was consistent with a ruptured omphalocele. Following triage and haemodynamic stabilisation, the eviscerated abdominal contents were lavaged, surgically replaced and an umbilical resection with partial cystectomy performed to remove a patent urachus. Postoperatively, the patient was hospitalised with aggressive nursing care. Pharmacotherapy included prophylactic antibiotics, gastroprotectants and anti‐inflammatory medication. The calf developed mild postoperative pneumonia, but was discharged after 6 days. This report details management of omphalocele evisceration in a calf and the pathology of congenital midline anomalies in neonatal ruminants.
Systematic studies on the effect of structural modification of orange peel for remediation of phenol contaminated water
Authors: Kumar Lalit , Yadav Vikas , Yadav Meenakshi , Saini Neha , Jagannathan Karthikeyan , Murugesan Vajjiravel , Ezhilselvi V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the present study, orange peel biochar has been utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of phenol from contaminated water. The biochar was prepared by thermal activation process at three different temperature 300, 500 and 700°C and are defined as B300, B500, and B700 respectively. The synthesized biochar has been characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), RAMAN spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. SEM analysis revealed a highly irregular and porous structure for B700 as compared with others. The parameters such as initial phenol concentration, pH, adsorption dosage, and contact time were optimized, and the maximum adsorption efficiency and capacity of about 99.2% and 31.0 mg/g was achieved for B700 for phenol adsorption. The Branauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area and Berrate–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore diameter obtained for B700 were about 67.5 m2/g and 3.8 nm. The adsorption of phenol onto the biochar followed Langmuir isotherm showing linear fit with R2 = 0.99, indicating monolayer adsorption. The kinetic data for adsorption is best fitted for pseudo‐second order. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° values obtained are negative, which means that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption efficiency of phenol marginally declined from 99.2% to 50.12% after five consecutive reuse cycles. The study shows that the high‐temperature activation increased the porosity and number of active sites over the orange peel biochar for efficient adsorption of phenol.Practitioner Points

Orange peel is thermally activated at 300, 500, and 700°C for structure modification.
Orange peel biochars were characterized for its structure, morphology, functional groups, and adsorption behavior.
High‐temperature activation improved the adsorption efficiency up to 99.21% due to high porosity.
Assembly and comparative genome analysis of a Patagonian Aureobasidium pullulans isolate reveals unexpected intraspecific variation
Authors: Parra Micaela , Libkind Diego , Hittinger Chris Todd , Álvarez Lucía , Bellora Nicolás 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAureobasidium pullulans is a yeast‐like fungus with remarkable phenotypic plasticity widely studied for its importance for the pharmaceutical and food industries. So far, genomic studies with strains from all over the world suggest they constitute a genetically unstructured population, with no association by habitat. However, the mechanisms by which this genome supports so many phenotypic permutations are still poorly understood. Recent works have shown the importance of sequencing yeast genomes from extreme environments to increase the repertoire of phenotypic diversity of unconventional yeasts. In this study, we present the genomic draft of A. pullulans strain from a Patagonian yeast diversity hotspot, re‐evaluate its taxonomic classification based on taxogenomic approaches, and annotate its genome with high‐depth transcriptomic data. Our analysis suggests this isolate could be considered a novel variant at an early stage of the speciation process. The discovery of divergent strains in a genomically homogeneous group, such as A. pullulans, can be valuable in understanding the evolution of the species. The identification and characterization of new variants will not only allow finding unique traits of biotechnological importance, but also optimize the choice of strains whose phenotypes will be characterized, providing new elements to explore questions about plasticity and adaptation.
Opportunities and Perils of Public Consultation in the Creation of COVID-19 Vaccine Priority Groups
Authors: Driedger S. Michelle , Capurro Gabriela , Jardine Cindy , Tustin Jordan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe management of any Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), such as COVID-19, requires several strategies: public health surveillance and active testing of suspected cases, isolating those with the disease as well as their contacts, providing risk communication messaging for actions that people can adopt to protect themselves and their families, and distribution of available vaccines once approved. Anticipating scarcity in supply, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization, tasked with providing independent advice and recommendations on immunizations for the Public Health Agency of Canada, developed preliminary recommendations for prioritization of COVID-19 vaccines before any vaccines were even authorized for distribution in Canada. We explore in this chapter the mechanisms used to establish preliminary recommendations for COVID-19 vaccine priority groups, including different strategies for public and stakeholder engagement in those recommendations, and how three provinces made operational decisions to implement vaccine delivery within their jurisdiction. We highlight specific opportunities and challenges when the general public is engaged in evaluating prioritization recommendations, particularly when those who are consulted may not necessarily reflect the population diversity underlying equity considerations. We share public comments about COVID-19 vaccine priority groups from age-stratified (18–34 years; 35–54 years; 55 years and older) mixed-gender focus groups in Vancouver, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Ottawa, conducted in December 2020.
Motivated Reasoning and Risk Governance: What Risk Scholars and Practitioners Need to Know
Authors: Beck Marisa , Ahmed Rukhsana , Douglas Heather , Driedger S. Michelle , Gattinger Monica , Kiss Simon J. , Kuzma Jennifer , Larkin Patricia , O’Doherty Kieran C. , Perrella Andrea M. L. , Williams Teshanee T. , Wolbring Gregor 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEmpirical research in psychology and political science shows that individuals collect, process, and interpret information in a goal-driven fashion. Several theorists have argued that rather than striving for accuracy in their conclusions, individuals are motivated to arrive at conclusions that align with their previous beliefs, values, or identity commitments. The literature refers to this phenomenon broadly as ‘motivated reasoning’. In the context of risk governance, motivated reasoning can help to explain why people vary in their risk perceptions, evaluations, and preferences about risk management. But our current understanding of the phenomenon is incomplete, including the degree to which motivated reasoning should be considered rational and reasonable. Further, the research on motivated reasoning is largely unknown among risk practitioners. This chapter identifies key theoretical models of motivated reasoning, discusses the conceptual differences between them, and explores the implications of motivated reasoning for risk governance. Motivated reasoning is often labeled as ‘irrational’ and thus seen to prevent effective decision-making about risk, but this chapter challenges this assessment. The chapter concludes by identifying theoretical and empirical implications for researchers studying motivated reasoning and risk, as well as practical implications for policymakers and regulators involved in risk governance.
Hydraulic Fracturing in New Brunswick: Trust, Deliberation, and Risk Decision-Making
Authors: Nourallah Laura 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the role of trust in energy decision-making for shale gas development in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. It examines the role of risk perception as it relates to policy actors’ preferences in the context of public engagement and deliberation, where epistemic risks associated with the practice of hydraulic fracturing (the emerging technology that enabled the development of shale gas on a major scale) existed between 2007 and 2017. The goal of the chapter is to understand how engaging in the context of risk and uncertainty shapes policy actors’ learning along with the policy alternatives they advocate for, and ultimately deem acceptable. The Advocacy Coalition Framework is used to assess policy learning and to demonstrate the role of integrating an understanding of the importance of trust in managing risk. The analysis questions the notion that more engagement leads to better policy outcomes, and demonstrates that it is important to integrate lay knowledge as a fundamental component of risk management practices. The chapter concludes with recommendations to strengthen trust in energy decision-making in Canada.
Why Vulnerability Matters
Authors: Martin Angela K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces three case studies of what can intuitively be deemed vulnerabilities. They illustrate the difficulties which arise when defining vulnerability. Furthermore, it presents different uses of vulnerability and provides an analysis of the concept. It identifies vulnerability as dispositional term, and introduces the distinction between universal and situational vulnerability. Finally, the chapter outlines what desiderata a definition of vulnerability should fulfill, concluding that an explicative definition of vulnerability is most suitable for the purposes of this book.