bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of preconception exposure to phthalates on mouse sperm capacitation parameters
Authors: Mohanty Gayatri , Tourzani Darya A. , Gervasi María G. , Houle Emily , Oluwayiose Oladele , Suvorov Alexander , Pilsner J. Richard , Visconti Pablo E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhthalates have been linked to adverse male reproductive health, including poor sperm quality and embryo quality as well as a longer time to pregnancy (months of unprotected intercourse before conception occurs). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of preconception exposure to two ubiquitous phthalate chemicals, di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP), and their mixture on sperm function, fertilization, and embryo development in mice.Materials and methodsAdult male C57BL/6J mice aged 8–9 weeks were exposed to di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, di‐n‐butyl phthalate, or their mixture (di‐n‐butyl phthalate + di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate) at 2.5 mg/kg/day or vehicle for 40 days (equivalent to one spermatogenic cycle) via surgically implanted osmotic pumps. Caudal epididymal spermatozoa were extracted and analyzed for motility using computer‐assisted sperm analyses. Sperm phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates and tyrosine phosphorylation, markers of early and late capacitation events, respectively, were analyzed by Western blots. In vitro fertilization was used to evaluate the sperm fertilizing capacity.ResultsWhile the study did not reveal any significant differences in sperm motility and fertilization potential, abnormal sperm morphology was observed in all phthalate exposures, particularly in the phthalate mixture group. In addition, the study revealed significant differences in sperm concentration between control and exposed groups. Moreover, protein phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates was decreased in the di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate and mixture exposure groups, while no significant changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation were observed in any of the groups. Assessment of the reproductive functionality did not reveal significant effects on in vitro fertilization and early embryo development rates but showed wide variability in the phthalate mixture group.ConclusionOur findings suggest that preconception phthalate exposure affects sperm numbers and phosphorylation of protein kinase A substrates involved in capacitation. Future research is warranted to examine the associations between phthalate exposure and capacitation in human spermatozoa.
Post‐percutaneous coronary intervention CYP2C19 genotyping in an Irish population: The potential role in identifying clopidogrel therapy‐related bleeding risks
Authors: Soh Bing Wei Thaddeus , Cusack Ronan , Waters Max , O'Connor Cormac , Arnous Samer , Kiernan Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AimsDual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains the standard of care. CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms cause variable clopidogrel bioactivation. Increased function (CYP2C19*17) allele carriers (rapid metabolizers [RM] or ultrarapid metabolizers [UM]) are clopidogrel hyper‐responders, hence are more susceptible to clopidogrel‐related bleeding. Since current guidelines recommend against routine genotyping following PCI, data on the clinical utility of CYP2C19*17 genotype guided strategy are sparce. Our study provides real‐world data on the 12‐month follow‐up of CYP2C19 genotyping in patients post‐PCI.MethodsThis is a cohort study within an Irish population receiving 12‐month DAPT following PCI. It identifies the prevalence of CYP2C19 polymorphisms within an Irish population and describes the ischaemic and bleeding outcomes after 12 months of DAPT.ResultsA total of 129 patients were included with the following CYP2C19 polymorphism prevalence: 30.2% hyper‐responders (26.4% RM [1*/17*], 3.9% UM [17*/17*]) and 28.7% poor‐responders (22.5% IM [1*/2*], 3.9% IM [2*/17*], 2.3% PM [2*/2*]). A total of 53 and 76 patients received clopidogrel and ticagrelor, respectively. At 12 months, total bleeding incidence within the clopidogrel group was positively correlated with CYP2C19 activity: IM/PM (0.0%), NM (15.0%) and RM/UM (25.0%). The positive relationship showed a moderate association that was statistically significant: rτ = 0.28, P = 0.035.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CYP2C19 polymorphisms in Ireland is 58.9% (30.2% CYP2C19*17, 28.7% CYP2C19*2) with an approximately one in three chance of being a clopidogrel hyper‐responder. Positive correlation between bleeding and increasing CYP2C19 activity within the clopidogrel group (n = 53) suggests possible clinical utility of a genotype‐guided strategy identifying high bleeding risk with clopidogrel in CYP2C19*17 carriers, but further studies are required.
In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of the hanging sedge flavonoids based on bio‐ guided fractionation assay
Authors: Moradian Neda , Hatam Gholamreza , Hamedi Azadeh , Pasdaran Ardalan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs a major public health issue, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has a number of complications, including drug resistance and poor response to conventional treatments. Over the last decade, research on natural sources for finding new antileishmanial agents has been a critical part of tropical disease research. Natural products also should be regarded as one of the most valuable applications for CL infection drug development. In this study, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial potential of Carex pendula Huds. (hanging sedge) methanolic extract and its fractions against Leishmania major produced cutaneous infection. Although the methanolic extract and its fractions exhibited suitable activity, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the best activity (with the half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 = 1.627 ± 0.211 mg/mL). The toxicity and selectivity indices (SI) of all samples were determined in murine peritoneal macrophage cells (J774A.1) using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. The flavonoid components of the ethyl acetate fraction were identified using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI MS/MS). Nine chemical compounds were identified in this fraction, including three flavonols, four flavanonols, and two flavan derivatives. L. major‐infected mice were used as an in vivo model because the methanolic extract was effective against L. major promastigotes in the mammalian cell line J774A.1 with SI = 2.514 (tail lesion size model). In silico analysis of identified compounds also revealed a favorable interaction between compounds 2–5 and L. major protein targets (3UIB, 4JZX, 4JZB, 5L4N, and 5L42). According to the findings of this study, the ethyl acetate fraction (as flavonoid fraction) exhibited considerable in vitro antileishmanial activity.
In silico and in vitro analyses of a novel FoxO1 agonist reducing Aβ levels via downregulation of BACE1
Authors: Lv Ming‐Ti , Wang He‐Cheng , Meng Xiao‐Wen , Shi Ya‐Ting , Zhang Yi‐Min , Shan Lin‐Lin , Shi Ru‐Ling , Ni Tian‐Jun , Duan Ying‐Chao , Yang Zhi‐Jun , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsFoxO1 is an important target in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, FoxO1‐specific agonists and their effects on AD have not yet been reported. This study aimed to identify small molecules that upregulate the activity of FoxO1 to attenuate the symptoms of AD.MethodsFoxO1 agonists were identified by in silico screening and molecular dynamics simulation. Western blotting and reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to assess protein and gene expression levels of P21, BIM, and PPARγ downstream of FoxO1 in SH‐SY5Y cells, respectively. Western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunoassays were performed to explore the effect of FoxO1 agonists on APP metabolism.ResultsN‐(3‐methylisothiazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐(2‐oxobenzo[d]oxazol‐3(2H)‐yl) acetamide (compound D) had the highest affinity for FoxO1. Compound D activated FoxO1 and regulated the expression of its downstream target genes, P21, BIM, and PPARγ. In SH‐SY5Y cells treated with compound D, BACE1 expression levels were downregulated, and the levels of Aβ1‐40 and Aβ1‐42 were also reduced.ConclusionsWe present a novel small‐molecule FoxO1 agonist with good anti‐AD effects. This study highlights a promising strategy for new drug discovery for AD.
Living donor liver transplant candidate and donor selection and engagement: Meeting report from the living donor liver transplant consensus conference
Authors: Jesse Michelle T. , Jackson Whitney E. , Liapakis AnnMarie , Ganesh Swaytha , Humar Abhinav , Goldaracena Nicolas , Levitsky Josh , Mulligan David , Pomfret Elizabeth A. , Ladner Daniela P. , Roberts John P. , Mavis Alisha , Thiessen Carrie , Trotter James , Winder Gerald Scott , Griesemer Adam D. , Pillai Anjana , Kumar Vineeta , Verna Elizabeth C. , LaPointe Rudow Dianne , Han Hyosun H. ,   the AST LDLT Consensus Conference Working Group
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionLiving donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a promising option for mitigating the deceased donor organ shortage and reducing waitlist mortality. Despite excellent outcomes and data supporting expanding candidate indications for LDLT, broader uptake throughout the United States has yet to occur.MethodsIn response to this, the American Society of Transplantation hosted a virtual consensus conference (October 18–19, 2021), bringing together relevant experts with the aim of identifying barriers to broader implementation and making recommendations regarding strategies to address these barriers. In this report, we summarize the findings relevant to the selection and engagement of both the LDLT candidate and living donor. Utilizing a modified Delphi approach, barrier and strategy statements were developed, refined, and voted on for overall barrier importance and potential impact and feasibility of the strategy to address said barrier.ResultsBarriers identified fell into three general categories: 1) awareness, acceptance, and engagement across patients (potential candidates and donors), providers, and institutions, 2) data gaps and lack of standardization in candidate and donor selection, and 3) data gaps regarding post‐living liver donation outcomes and resource needs.ConclusionsStrategies to address barriers included efforts toward education and engagement across populations, rigorous and collaborative research, and institutional commitment and resources.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin among patients with recurrent venous thromboembolism
Authors: Kang Hye‐Rim , Dietrich Eric A. , Huang Pei‐Lin , Lo‐Ciganic Wei‐Hsuan , DeRemer Christina E. , Park Haesuk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe comparative effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulant therapies to prevent a second recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains undetermined. We aimed to compare the benefits and harms of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and warfarin therapies in preventing second recurrent VTE and major bleeding events among patients with a recurrent VTE episode following anticoagulation therapy for incident VTE. A retrospective cohort analysis of two large national insurance claims databases was conducted for patients with two episodes of VTE. Cox proportional hazards models were used after inverse probability treatment weighting to compare risks of second recurrent VTE and major bleeding events. Compared with warfarin, DOAC therapy was associated with significantly decreased risk of second recurrent VTE with no significant difference in risk of major bleeding events. Our findings suggest that, compared with warfarin, DOACs may reduce risk of second VTE recurrence among patients who have experienced one recurrence.
Seborrheic keratosis
Authors: Barthelmann Sara , Butsch Florian , Lang Berenice M. , Stege Henner , Großmann Bernd , Schepler Hadrian , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: March 2023

SummarySeborrheic keratosis (SK) is the most common benign epidermal tumor in clinical dermatological practice. This review summarizes current knowledge about the clinical and histological appearance, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of SK. There are different subtypes of SK based on clinical presentation and histologic findings. Several factors, including age, genetic predisposition, and possibly also exposure to ultraviolet radiation, are thought to contribute to the development of SK. The lesions can occur on all areas of the body except for the palms and soles, but the most common sites are the face and upper trunk. The diagnosis is usually made clinically, and in some cases by dermatoscopy or histology. Many patients prefer to have the lesions removed for cosmetic reasons although there is no medical indication. Treatment options include surgical therapy, laser therapy, electrocautery, cryotherapy, and topical drug therapy, which is currently in development. Treatment should be individualized depending on the clinical picture and patient preference.
Mouse and rat ultrasonic vocalizations in neuroscience and neuropharmacology: State of the art and future applications
Authors: Premoli Marika , Pietropaolo Susanna , Wöhr Markus , Simola Nicola , Bonini Sara Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMice and rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which may express their arousal and emotional states, to communicate with each other. There is continued scientific effort to better understand the functions of USVs as a central element of the rodent behavioral repertoire. However, studying USVs is not only important because of their ethological relevance, but also because they are widely applied as a behavioral readout in various fields of biomedical research. In mice and rats, a large number of experimental models of brain disorders exist and studying the emission of USVs in these models can provide valuable information about the health status of the animals and the effectiveness of possible interventions, both environmental and pharmacological. This review (i) provides an updated overview of the contexts in which ultrasonic calling behaviour of mice and rats has particularly high translational value, and (ii) gives some examples of novel approaches and tools used for the analysis of USVs in mice and rats, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The relevance of age and sex differences as well as the importance of longitudinal evaluations of calling and non‐calling behaviour is also discussed. Finally, the importance of assessing the communicative impact of USVs in the receiver, that is, through playback studies, is highlighted.
Prey predictability and preparation versus recovery breathing strategies in European shags Gulosus aristotelis (L.) diving in different habitats
Authors: Carlsen Astrid A. , Wright Jonathan , Lorentsen Svein‐Håkon , Lea Stephen E. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA recent study on the diving behaviour of European shags (Gulosus aristotelis (L.)) foraging in kelp forests off rocky coasts of Norway suggests surface durations are related only to the duration of the preceding dive, and hence are being used for respiratory recovery. These results contrast with earlier reports concerning shags foraging in highly tidal estuarine waters off the coast of Lundy Island, SW England, where there was a stronger relationship between dive durations and preceding pre‐dive surface durations, suggesting the use of preparatory variation in oxygen loading. These two datasets were collected using different methods, and statistically analysed in quite different ways, so the contrasting results here could be due to different methodologies rather than the ecological differences between the two foraging environments. Here, we re‐analyse the two datasets using similar statistical methods, and we confirm the contrasting results produced by the two datasets. We, therefore, conclude that shag breathing strategies do differ between these two marine environments, presumably reflecting adaptive facultatively plastic responses to differences in predictability of foraging dive durations. Off the Norwegian coast, unpredictable variation in the depth and availability of pelagic prey in complex environments may require more responsive post‐dive respiratory recovery on the surface after each dive. In the more uniform English near‐shore environment, however, pre‐dive preparatory oxygen loading customised to match predictable dive‐to‐dive variation in benthic prey depths and foraging durations, may be more time and energy efficient.
Examining the Ability, Motivation and Opportunity (AMO) framework in HRM research: Conceptualization, measurement and interactions
Authors: Bos‐Nehles Anna , Townsend Keith , Cafferkey Kenneth , Trullen Jordi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the increasing popularity of the Ability, Motivation, Opportunity (AMO) framework in the Human Resource Management (HRM) field, AMO research is at a crossroads in theoretical and empirical development. This is due to (a) a lack of clarity about the conceptualisation and measurement of AMO variables, (b) the construction of AMO articles that do not distinguish between AMO differences and AMO‐enhancing HRM practices and fail to integrate them, (c) a lack of understanding about how AMO variables at the individual and organizational levels interact to generate individual and organizational performance, and (d) a lack of consideration of the process (mediators and moderators) through which AMO generates performance gains. Based on the analysis of 104 quantitative HRM articles published between 1997 and 2022, this study helps to draw clearer distinctions among AMO variables and levels of analysis. The review of the empirical literature shows that there is excessive heterogeneity with regard to the conceptualization and utilisation of AMO variables, which in turn leads to scale proliferation. We find that research on AMO‐enhancing HRM practices and AMO differences is rarely combined and tends to be tested at a single level rather than more logical cross‐level effects between AMO‐enhancing HRM practices, AMO differences and performance. We also found that whereas Ability and Motivation differences mediate the relationship between AMO‐enhancing HRM practices and performance, opportunity appears to be a boundary condition in the relationship between Ability and Motivation with performance outcomes. The paper concludes with relevant avenues for future AMO research suggested for the field of HRM.
Bumping to a rollator walker: How pretibial hematomas create more costs than pretibial lacerations
Authors: Seppälä Toni , Grünthal Vahur , Koljonen Virve 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPretibial lacerations (PL) and pretibial hematomas (PH) are debilitating traumas among the elderly and infirm. The injuries are frequently grouped together despite differences in treatment and symptoms. Patients are known to have multiple contacts in health care, perhaps because of inadequate treatment. Despite the burden, financial costs have not been assessed. Calculate and compare the treatment costs of PLs and PHs for differences and provide economic incentives to treat and diagnose patients optimally. From linkage to ICD10 diagnoses, we analysed NordDRG product invoices generated by the treatment of the patients. We calculated and compared the costs of treatment in both cohorts from the invoices. This method has not been previously used for analysing wound care costs. Mean treatment costs were 1800€ (PL) and 3300€ (PH). The total costs, emergency room, surgical treatment, and inpatient care of PHs were higher than PLs (P = .0486, P = .0002, P = .0058, P = .6526). PLs generate more costs from the outpatient clinic but were not statistically significant (P = .6533). PHs cause a higher economic burden than PLs. Costs arise from repeat ER visits and the need for surgeries because of delayed treatment. PLs have multiple contacts in the wound clinic. Improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of both injuries is needed.
Determining the periodontal phenotype—Probe transparency versus actual: A diagnostic study
Authors: Abdelhafez Reem Sami , Mustafa Noor Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsAssessment of the validity of the transparency of the periodontal probe as a tool for determining the periodontal phenotype.Materials and MethodsThe periodontal phenotype was assessed at the six upper anterior teeth of 75 subjects using two methods. One is through assessing the transparency of the periodontal probe upon insertion into the gingival sulcus. The second method was through the assessment and clustering of the width of keratinized gingiva clinically and the gingival and buccal plate thickness on Cone Beam Computed Tomography scan.ResultsThe probe transparency approach correctly identified thick periodontal phenotype in most cases (41 out of 43 [95%]). However, this was not the case for thin periodontal phenotype; probe transparency approach identified 64% of the thin sites (261 out of 407) and misclassified nearly one third of the patients.ConclusionThe probe transparency approach is a valid approach in identifying the phenotype in subjects with thick phenotype but not in subjects with thin phenotype.Clinical SignificanceThe definition of periodontal phenotype has recently changed. Accurate designation has been shown to affect treatment outcomes especially esthetic ones in different disciplines of dentistry. Probe transparency is commonly used by clinicians and researchers. Assessment of the validity of this method based on the most recent definition and compared to actual assessment of bone and gingival thickness is of great clinical value.
Influence of size and shape of the auricular surfaces on subchondral bone density distribution in the sacroiliac joint
Authors: Poilliot Amélie , Hammer Niels , Toranelli Mireille , Doyle Terence , Gay‐Dujak Max Hans‐Peter , Müller‐Gerbl Magdalena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe sacroiliac auricular surface has a variable morphology and size. The impact of such variations on subchondral mineralization distribution has not been investigated. Sixty‐nine datasets were subjected to CT‐osteoabsorptiometry for the qualitative visualization of chronic loading conditions of the subchondral bone plate using color‐mapped densitograms based on Hounsfield Units in CT. Auricular surface morphologies were classified into three types based on posterior angle size: Type 1: >160°, Type 2: 130–160° and Type 3: <130°. Auricular surface size was categorized based on the mean value (15.4 cm2) separating the group into ‘small’ and ‘large’ joint surfaces. Subchondral bone density patterns were qualitatively classified into four color patterns: two marginal patterns (M1 and M2) and two non‐marginal patterns (N1 and N2) and each iliac and sacral surface was subsequently categorized. ‘Marginal’ meant that 60–70% of the surface was less mineralized compared with the highly dense regions and vice versa for the ‘non‐marginal’ patterns. M1 had anterior border mineralization and M2 had mineralization scattered around the borders. N1 had mineralization spread over the whole superior region, N2 had mineralization spread over the superior and anterior regions. Auricular surface area averaged 15.4 ± 3.6 cm2, with a tendency for males to have larger joint surfaces. Type 2 was the most common (75%) and type 3 the least common morphology (9%). M1 was the most common pattern (62% of surfaces) by sex (males 60%, females 64%) with the anterior border as the densest region in all three morphologies. Sacra have a majority of surfaces with patterns from the marginal group (98%). Ilia have mineralization concentrated at the anterior border (patterns M1 and N2 combined: 83%). Load distribution differences related to auricular surface morphology seems to have little effect on long‐term stress‐related bone adaptation visualized with CT‐osteoabsorptiometry. Higher iliac side mineralization was observed in larger joint surfaces and age‐related morphomechanical size alterations were seen in males.