bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing cutting performance of Ti(C,N)‐based cermet tools on nodular cast iron by incorporating high‐entropy carbide
Authors: Zhou Yi , Liu Run‐Ping , Lao Zhen‐Yong , Luo Si‐Chun , You Yang , Sun Shi‐Kuan , Guo Wei‐Ming , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the cutting performance and wear mechanisms of Ti(C,N)‐based cutting tools containing varying weight percentages (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of high‐entropy carbide (HEC) (V0.2Nb0.2 Mo0.2Ta0.2W0.2)C phase, when used for turning nodular cast iron. According to the turning test results, the cermet cutting tools containing 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% HEC phases demonstrated effective cutting lives of 402, 720, 632, and 465 s, respectively. The tool with 5 wt% HEC phase showed the best cutting performance. When cutting nodular cast iron with cermet cutting tools, the main wear mechanisms observed were diffusion, oxidation, adhesion, and abrasion on the flank surface, along with diffusion, oxidation, and abrasion on the rake surface. The results of this study indicated that (V0.2Nb0.2Mo0.2Ta0.2W0.2)C could be adopted as an effective reinforced phase in the cermet cutting tools.
Differences in Covid‐Related Regulatory Forbearance Within and Outside the Banking Union – The Case of East‐Central European EU Member States
Authors: Mérő Katalin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article analyses the practice of Covid‐related bank regulatory forbearance measures of eight East‐Central European Union member states from the perspective of differentiated integration. In line with the integration‐deepening nature of the Single Supervisory Mechanism, our expectation was that countries within the Banking Union (BU) would impose harmonized forbearance measures, while non‐BU members would use more discretional measures. Indeed, the practice of forbearance measures is significantly more harmonized within the BU than outside; however, there were also notable differences in the practice of BU members. For non‐BU member states, our expectation was that countries with the intention of favouring their domestic financial system would ease regulatory requirements more, while those that wanted to place the burden of the pandemic on foreign banks would ease these requirements less. However, the analysis only partially confirmed this expectation.
Farnesoid X receptor is an important target for the treatment of disorders of bile acid and fatty acid metabolism in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease combined with cholestasis
Authors: Liu Xinzhu , Wang Jiaxuan , Li Maogang , Qiu Jiannan , Li Xingying , Qi Li , Liu Jia , Liu Ping , Xie Guoxiang , Wang Xiaoning 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been rising globally. NAFLD patients combined with cholestasis have more obvious liver fibrosis, impaired bile acid (BA), and fatty acid (FA) metabolism and severer liver injury; however, its therapeutic options are limited, and the underlying metabolic mechanisms are understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) on BA and FA metabolism in NAFLD combined with cholestasis and related signaling pathways.MethodsA mouse model of NAFLD combined with cholestasis was established by joint intervention with high‐fat diet (HFD) and alpha‐naphthylisothiocyanate. The effects of FXR on BA and FA metabolism were evaluated by serum biochemical analysis. Liver damage was identified by histopathology. The expression of nuclear hormone receptor, membrane receptor, FA transmembrane transporter, and BA transporter protein in mice were measured by western blot.ResultsNAFLD mice combined with cholestasis developed more severe cholestasis and dysregulated BA and FA metabolism. Meanwhile, the expression of FXR protein was decreased in NAFLD mice combined with cholestasis compared to the controls. Fxr−/− mice showed liver injury. HFD aggravated the liver injury with decreased BSEP expression, increased expression of NTCP, LXRα, SREBP‐1c, FAS, ACC1, and CD36, and significantly increased BA and FA accumulation.ConclusionAll the results suggested that FXR plays a key role in both FA and BA metabolism in NAFLD combined with cholestasis and thus may be a potential target for the treatment of disorders of BA and FA metabolism in NAFLD combined with cholestasis.
Clinical study on the efficacy and tolerability of a topical regenerative treatment in patients with telogen effluvium and mild androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Cedirian S. , Bruni F. , Quadrelli F. , Caro G. , Fortuna M. , Rossi A. , Piraccini B. M. , Starace M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHair loss may change the quality of life since modern society considers hair an essential element in beauty definition. The most common causes of hair loss are androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and telogen effluvium (TE). AGA requires a lifetime use of minoxidil or finasteride (and sometimes they lose efficacy over the years), whereas TE has no standardized therapy available. Our study focuses on a novel topical regenerative preparation that, by mimicking autologous PRP, can safely and efficiently improve hair loss in patients affected by TE and AGA.
GROUPS 4 RETIREMENT: A new intervention that supports well‐being in the lead‐up to retirement by targeting social identity management
Authors: La Rue Crystal J. , Haslam Catherine , Bentley Sarah V. , Lam Ben C. P. , Steffens Niklas K. , Branscombe Nyla R. , Haslam S. Alexander , Cruwys Tegan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSuccessful retirement adjustment requires careful planning in the lead up to this important life transition. While financial planning is routinely prioritized, evidence suggests that the social changes in retirement can be just as challenging to manage — if not more. GROUPS 4 RETIREMENT (G4R) is a new online intervention that addresses this gap by targeting the identity changes that people typically experience in retirement. This paper reports findings from two studies evaluating the acceptability and efficacy of this intervention. Study 1 (N = 89) used a pre‐post design to assess G4R and found that the intervention was positively evaluated by users and led to significant increases in their sense of thriving, perceived control, life satisfaction, anticipated retirement satisfaction, and planning intentions. Study 2 (N = 98) tested the intervention using an experimental design in which participants were randomly assigned to either G4R or a financial planning control condition. Results showed that G4R was as effective as financial planning in improving most outcomes and showed a clear advantage in increasing anticipated retirement satisfaction and intentions to engage in social and activities planning. Together, these studies provide initial evidence of the value of engaging in social identity‐focused social planning to support well‐being and preparedness in the lead up to retirement.
Dynamic risk assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Lu Mei , Salgia Reena , Li Jia , Trudeau Sheri , Rupp Loralee B. , Wu Trueman , Daida Yihe G. , Schmidt Mark A. , Gordon Stuart C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChronic hepatitis C (HCV) is a primary cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although antiviral treatment reduces risk of HCC, few studies quantify the impact of treatment on long‐term risk in the era of direct‐acting antivirals (DAA). Using data from the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study, we evaluated the impact of treatment type (DAA, interferon‐based [IFN], or none) and outcome (sustained virological response [SVR] or treatment failure [TF]) on risk of HCC. We then developed and validated a predictive risk model. 17186 HCV patients were followed until HCC, death or last follow‐up. We used extended landmark modelling, with time‐varying covariates and propensity score justification and generalized estimating equations with a link function for discrete time‐to‐event data. Death was considered a competing risk. We observed 586 HCC cases across 104,000 interval‐years of follow‐up. SVR from DAA or IFN‐based treatment reduced risk of HCC (aHR 0.13, 95% CI 0.08–0.20; and aHR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31–0.65); DAA SVR reduced risk more than IFN SVR (aHR 0.29, 95% CI 0.17–0.48). Independent of treatment, cirrhosis was the strongest risk factor for HCC (aHR 3.94, 95% CI 3.17–4.89 vs. no cirrhosis). Other risk factors included male sex, White race and genotype 3. Our six‐variable predictive model had ‘excellent’ accuracy (AUROC 0.94) in independent validation. Our novel landmark interval‐based model identified HCC risk factors across antiviral treatment status and interactions with cirrhosis. This model demonstrated excellent predictive accuracy in a large, racially diverse cohort of patients and could be adapted for ‘real world’ HCC monitoring.
Inclusion effect of jack mackerel,Trachurus japonicus, meal in the diet of rockfish,Sebastes schlegeli, on growth, feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune responses
Authors: Kim June , Cho Sung Hwoan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDietary inclusion effects of various levels of jack mackerel meal (JMM) on growth, feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune response of rockfish were determined. The control (Con) diet included 550 g/kg fish meal (FM). Ten, 30, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, and 1000 g/kg of JMM were included in the Con diet, referred to as the JMM10, JMM30, JMM50, JMM100, JMM200, JMM400, JMM600, and JMM1000diets, respectively. Eight hundred and ten fish (initial mean weight of 2.3 g) were distributed into 27 flow‐through tanks. The experimental diets were assigned to triplicate groups of fish. Fish were hand‐fed for 8 weeks. Weight gain of fish fed the JMM400diet was statistically better than that of fish fed the Con, JMM10, JMM30, JMM50, JMM100, and JMM200diets. Feed consumption of fish fed the JMM400diet was statistically higher than that of fish fed the Con, JMM10, JMM30, and JMM50diets. Dietary inclusion of JMM did not influence feed utilization, biochemical composition, and innate immune responses of fish. In conclusion, inclusion of JMM up to 400 g/kg of FM in diet improved growth and feed consumption of rockfish, and dietary optimum inclusion levels of JMM were estimated to be 396.7 and 403.1 g/kg based on regression analysis of weight gain and feed consumption, respectively.
Downregulation of BDNF–TrkB signaling may contribute to the colonic motility disorders in mice with streptozocin‐induced diabetes
Authors: Quan Xiaojing , Chen Wei , Liang Chunni , Jia Yuan , Wang Yonghua , Luo Hesheng , Wang Jinhai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) acts as a neuromodulator to regulate gut motility, but the role of BDNF in diabetes‐related dysmotility is uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the colonic hypomotility of mice with streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes.MethodsA single intraperitoneal injection of STZ was used to establish a type 1 diabetes model. An organ bath system was applied to observe the contractile activities of colonic muscle strips. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the colon. ELISA was used to detect BDNF and SP levels in the serum and colon. The patch‐clamp technique was applied to record the currents of L‐type calcium channels and large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels on smooth muscle cells.Key ResultsCompared with healthy controls, diabetic mice showed attenuated colonic muscle contraction (p < 0.001), which was partly reversed by BDNF supplementation. TrkB protein expression was significantly reduced in diabetic mice (p < 0.05). In addition, both BDNF and substance P (SP) levels were decreased, and exogenous administration of BDNF increased SP levels in diabetic mice (p < 0.05). Both the TrkB antagonist and the TrkB antibody inhibited the spontaneous contraction of colonic muscle strips (p < 0.01). Moreover, the BDNF–TrkB signaling system enhanced SP‐induced muscle contraction.ConclusionsDownregulation of BDNF/TrkB signaling and reduced SP release from the colon may contribute to the colonic hypomotility associated with type 1 diabetes. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor supplementation may have therapeutic potential for diabetes‐related constipation.
Optimal cardinal contests
Authors: Takasi Goutham , Dawande Milind , Janakiraman Ganesh 
Published: July 2023

We study the design of crowdsourcing contests in settings where the outputs of the contestants are quantifiable, for example, a data science challenge. This setting is in contrast to those where the output is only qualitative and cannot be objectively quantified, for example, when the goal of the contest is to design a logo. The literature on crowdsourcing contests focuses largely on ordinal contests, where contestants' outputs are ranked by the designer and awards are based on relative ranks. Such contests are ideally suited for the latter setting, where output is qualitative. For our setting (quantitative output), it is possible to design cardinal contests, where awards could be based on the actual outputs and not on their ranking alone—thus, the family of cardinal contests includes the family of ordinal contests. We study the problem of designing an optimal cardinal contest. We use mechanism design theory to derive an optimal cardinal mechanism and provide a convenient implementation—a decreasing reward‐meter mechanism—of the optimal contest. We establish the practicality of our mechanism by showing that it is “Obviously Strategy‐Proof,” a recently introduced formal notion of simplicity in the literature. We also compare the optimal cardinal contest with the most popular ordinal contest—namely, the Winner‐Takes‐All (WTA) contest, along several metrics. In particular, the optimal cardinal mechanism delivers a superior expected best output, whereas the WTA contest yields a greater expected contestant welfare. Furthermore, under a sufficiently large budget, the contest designer's expected net‐benefit is higher under the optimal cardinal mechanism than that under the WTA contest, regardless of the number of contestants in the two mechanisms. Our numerical analysis suggests that, for the contest designer, the average improvement provided by the optimal cardinal mechanism over the WTA contest is about 23%. For a given number of contestants, the benefit of the optimal cardinal mechanism is especially appreciable for projects where the ratio of the designer's utility to agents' cost‐of‐effort falls within a wide practical range. For projects where this ratio is very high, the expected profit of the best WTA contest is reasonably close to that of the optimal cardinal mechanism.
Cooperative security against interdependent risks
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sanjith , Sankaranarayanan Sriram 
Published: July 2023

Firms in interorganizational networks are exposed to interdependent risks that are transferable across partner firms, such as contamination in food supply chains or data breaches in technology networks. They can be decomposed into intrinsic risks a firm faces from its own operations and extrinsic risks transferred from its partners. Firms have access to two security strategies: either they can independently eliminate both intrinsic and extrinsic risks by securing their links with partners or, alternatively, firms can cooperate with partners to eliminate sources of intrinsic risk in the network. We develop a graph‐theoretic model of interdependent security and demonstrate that the network‐optimal security strategy can be computed in polynomial time. Then, we use cooperative game‐theoretic tools to examine, under different informational assumptions, whether firms can sustain the network‐optimal security strategy via suitable cost‐sharing mechanisms. We design a novel cost‐sharing mechanism: a restricted variant of the well‐known Shapley value, the agreeable allocation, that is easy to compute, bilaterally implementable, ensures stability, and is fair. However, the agreeable allocation need not always exist. Interestingly, we find that in networks with homogeneous cost parameters, the presence of locally dense clusters of connected firms precludes the existence of the agreeable allocation, while the absence of sufficiently dense clusters (formally, k‐cores) guarantees its existence. Finally, using the SDC Platinum database, we consider all interfirm alliances formed in the food manufacturing sector from 2006 to 2020. Then, with simulated cost parameters, we examine the practical feasibility of identifying bilaterally implementable security cost‐sharing arrangements in these alliances.
Stochastic flocking dynamics of the inertial spin model with state‐dependent noises
Authors: Ko Dongnam , Ha Seung‐Yeal , Lee Euntaek , Shim Woojoo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study stochastic flocking dynamics of the inertial spin (IS) model with state‐dependent noises. The IS model was considered to describe the collective behaviors of starling flocks moving with constant speed. Unlike mechanical flocking models extensively studied in the literature, this model incorporates an internal dynamic observable, namely spin (internal angular momentum) in addition to mechanical observables (position and velocity), and it describes how spin interacts with mechanical observables. In previous works, emergent dynamics of the deterministic counterparts for the IS model and its mean‐field limit have been investigated under some specific setting in which network topology is multiplicatively separable. In this work, we present sufficient frameworks for stochastic flocking dynamics of the IS model, which state‐dependent noises vanish at the equilibria of the deterministic IS model. The proposed frameworks are in terms of coupling strength, friction, and inertial coefficients, and our asymptotic convergence results for sample paths are given in both an almost sure and an expectation sense. We have also conducted several numerical experiments to verify our analytical results and to explore what can be studied further in future work
Validation of a Low-Cost Portable Device for Inducing Noninvasive Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Mice
Authors: Jbeily Elias H. , Lin Yu-Yang , Elmankabadi Seif B. , Osipov Benjamin , June Ron K. , Christiansen Blaine A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Noninvasive compression-induced anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACL-R) is an easy and reproducible model for studying post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in mice. However, equipment typically used for ACL-R is expensive, immobile, and not available to all researchers. In this study, we compared PTOA progression in mice injured with a low-cost custom ACL-rupture device (CARD) to mice injured with a standard system (ElectroForce 3200). We quantified anterior–posterior (AP) joint laxity immediately following injury, epiphyseal trabecular bone microstructure, and osteophyte volume at 2 and 6 weeks post injury using micro-computed tomography, and osteoarthritis progression and synovitis at 2 and 6 weeks post injury using whole-joint histology. We observed no significant differences in outcomes in mice injured with the CARD system compared to mice injured with the Electroforce (ELF) system. However, AP joint laxity data and week 2 micro-CT and histology outcomes suggested that injuries may have been slightly more severe and PTOA progressed slightly faster in mice injured with the CARD system compared to the ELF system. Altogether, these data confirm that ACL-R can be successfully and reproducibly performed with the CARD system and that osteoarthritis (OA) progression is mostly comparable to that of mice injured with the ELF system, though potentially slightly faster. The CARD system is low cost and portable, and we are making the plans and instructions freely available to all interested investigators in the hopes that they will find this system useful for their studies of OA in mice.
Conformal Theoretical Modeling of Arbitrary Shape Flexible Electronic Sensors Mounted Onto General Curved Surface Substrates
Authors: Wang Shihang , Jin Jie , Mei Deqing , Wang Yancheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Stretchable and flexible electronic sensors have been attracted to novel applications due to their conformal integration onto complex curved surfaces, whereas the mounting strains generated by the geometric mismatch of substrate surface and electronic sensors may cause non-conformal contact at the interface, thus would induce non-negligible effects on the performance of sensors. To investigate the influence rules of the shape of electronic sensors and their geometric parameters on conformal contacts, this paper presents a novel conformal model to study the arbitrary shaped films as flexible sensors mounted onto general curved-surface substrates. The energy minimization principle and the integral summation method play vital roles during the modeling, and three types of films with various shapes including rectangular, oval, and hexagonal mounted onto a bicurvature substrate are investigated. The influences of three dimensionless shape parameters of oval and hexagonal film/substrate contacts are analyzed for the dimensionless strain energy of conformal mounting. The strain and critical dimensionless strain energy of three films/bicurvature substrate contacts are calculated and compared under the same conformal area. The results demonstrated that the contour shape of electronic sensor has a considerable effect on conformal mounting and strain. Thus, the developed conformal model would have great significance in guiding the design of flexible electronic devices and sensors when applied to general curved surfaces.
Investigation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Wavy Mini-Channel Heat Sink With Interconnectors
Authors: Morshed A. K. M. Monjur , Shuvo Abdul Aziz , Bappy Md. Omarsany , Tikadar Amitav , Paul Titan C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a novel sinusoidal wavy mini-channel heat sink (MCHS) with interconnectors (IC w-MCHS) has been introduced, and the effectiveness of the proposed heat sink over conventional mini-channel heat sink (s-MCHS) has been numerically investigated. Different parameters, i.e., wavelengths, wave amplitudes, and phase shifts of the proposed sinusoidal wavy MCHS, were varied to study its effect on thermal and hydraulic performance. This study used three different wavelengths, three different amplitudes, and two different phase shifts, and Reynolds number (Re) varied from 300 to 800. The Nusselt number (Nu) of IC w-MCHS increased as the wave amplitude ratio (α) and Re increased, whereas it increased with the decrement of the wavelength ratio (β). Nu of the IC w-MCHS was also found to depend on phase shift (θp); for θp = π, the chaotic advection and increment of flow reversal were observed in the IC w-MCHS compared to θp = 0, resulting in higher Nu and higher pressure drop penalty. Nu of the IC w-MCHS was found to be 115% higher compared to s-MCHS at Re 550, θp = π, and α = 0.3, whereas it was found 77% higher for θp = 0. The maximum temperature of the IC w-MCHS heat sink was also found to decrease compared to that of the s-MCHS due to enhanced coolant mixing. A maximum 26% decrease in the heat sink temperature was observed for the IC w-MCHS at Re 800 compared to the s-MCHS.