bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought and herbivory as modulators of intraspecific differentiation in seedlings of a mountain tree
Authors: Marcora Paula Inés , Zeballos Sebastián Rodolfo , Ferreras Ana Elisa , Arias Gonzalo , Hensen Isabell , Tecco Paula Andrea 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In mountain ecosystems, plant regeneration might be constrained by multiple factors that change along elevation gradients. Those factors might influence the expression of different traits among populations. Drought and herbivory are strong filters for seedling establishment and, therefore, important selective pressures. Populations of the tree Maytenus boaria support lower soil moisture and higher herbivory pressure at low elevations than at mid-elevations in Córdoba Mountains, central Argentina. Consequently, we expect that populations from the low elevation perform better in response to both factors than populations from mid-elevations. Seedlings from the two elevation origins were exposed to two levels of simulated drought and herbivory in a greenhouse experiment. The selected elevations corresponded to the lowest edge of species distribution (with driest soils and highest herbivory pressure) and the central mid-elevation. Performance-related variables, biomass allocation patterns and several morphological and physiological traits were measured. Seedlings from the low origin showed lower mortality, leaf number and water potential in response to drought than seedlings from the mid-origin. Herbivory affected the performance of seedlings and many plant traits, irrespective of the origin. The interaction between drought and herbivory increased the drought effects on some variables. Seedlings of M. boaria from the low elevation, where conditions are drier and warmer, provide more drought-tolerant offspring than those from the cooler and moister mid-elevation.
The Impact of Technological Factors on the Air Phase of Defrosted Fermented-Milk Desserts
Authors: Gurskiy Igor , Tvorogova Antonina 
Published: March 2023

Whipped desserts made of fermented milk are very popular. They also make it possible to expand the range of functional products. The consumer properties of defrosted desserts depend on the air phase. This research featured the impact of different formulations and methods on the dispersion of the air phase in the process of defrosting fermented-milk desserts.
The study featured several samples of whipped fermented desserts. Sample 1 contained gelatin; Sample 2 contained pectin. Samples 1 and 3 had different contents of fermented foundation while Samples 3 and 5 differed in the amount of gelatin stabilizer. Sample 4 contained a whey protein concentrate. The dispersion of structural elements was measured using microstructural methods.
The experiments included the quality parameters of mixes, as we ll as the dispersion of air phase in the frozen state and after 24 h of storage at 4 ± 2°C. The viscosity of the sample with pectin exceeded that with gelatin by 3.8 times. Extra whey protein increased the viscosity by 4.4 times and the overrun – by 1.4 times. In the whey protein sample, the average diameter of air bubbles was 36 μm after 24 h of storage at 4 ± 2°C and 50 μm after 12 months, while in the sample without protein it was 48 and 86 μm, respectively. Sample 3, which had a greater fermentation, demonstrated a smaller average diameter of air bubbles (by 21 μm) after 24 h of storage than the sample with yogurt. The sample with extra gelatin increased the overrun by 1.3 times and negatively affected the dispersion of the air phase. After 24 h of storage, the average diameter of the air bubbles in the sample with an increased content of stabilizer was higher by 27 μm. The air phase was less stable in the sample with pectin.
The research established the effect of gelling agents, whey protein concentrates, and fermented foundation on the dispersion and stability of the air phase in fermented-milk desserts. Pectin appeared to have a negative effect on the air phase during defrosting and caused excessive condensation and drainage. The increasing amount of fermented base and gelatin, as well as the use of whey protein concentrates, increased the stability of the air phase during 24 h of storage at 4 ± 2°C. The research results could be used to develop new production technologies of overrun fermented desserts and their preservation in the defrosted state.
Trace Elements in Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus): Exposure Routes
Authors: Kaledin Anatoly , Stepanova Marina , Ostapenko Vladimir 
Published: March 2023

Urbanization leads to chemical pollution. Contaminants accumulate in feed and enter animal body through digestive tract. Numerous studies have established that the level of mineral content in the environment reflects the technogenic load on the territory and is transmitted in the system through products of plant and animal origin, which can be used to prevent and correct elementoses.
This research featured feathers of Indian peafowls Pavo cristatus (n = 33), diet components (n = 303), their drinking water (n = 94), soil (n = 123), and snow (n = 204). The micro-elemental profile was defined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The samples were obtained from zoological institutions of Mosco w, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl.
As for the feathers, the average Zn accumulation level was 122.74 ± 9.64 mg/kg, Cu – 5.36 ± 0.05 mg/kg, Fe – 508.06 ± 56.84 mg/kg, Pb – 6.75 ± 1.13 mg/kg, Cd – 1.65 ± 0.26 mg/kg, and As – 0.61 ± 0.23 mg/kg. The variability of the concentration of microelements in the sample was as follows, %: Zn – 73.9, Cu – 94.3, Fe – 111.6, Pb – 150.0, Cd – 136.88, and As – 203.87. The average levels of accumulation of elements in the biological media decreased in the following order: Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > As. The share of Zn in the total of all determined elements was 0.7–48.0%, Cu – 0.04–2.8%, Fe – 46.2–92.8%, Pb – 0–2.5%, Cd – 0–2.5%, and As – 0–4.6%. The diet analyses showed the following results for Moscow, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl, respectively: Zn – 11.35, 6.60, and 2.50 mg; Cu – 2.29, 0.75, and 0.41 mg; Fe – 55.83, 30.54, and 6.78 mg; Pb – 0.14, 0.18, and 0.01 mg; Cd – 0.02, 0.01, and 0.005 mg; As – 0.04, 0.02, and 0.002 mg. If the birds consumed all the food they received, the approximate total daily intake of the selected essential microelements Zn was 16.7–75.7% of the recommended daily intake, Cu – 13.7–76.3%, and Fe – 48.4–398.79%. Pb, Cd and As stayed within the daily norm. The oral route of intake was registered for Zn, Cu, and Fe in Yaroslavl and for Cd in all samples. Inhalation was registered as the main route of intake for Fe in Moscow and Ivanovo, as well as for As and Pb in Moscow. The highest intake of Pb was registered in Ivanovo and Yaroslavl.
The analysis revealed the multi-route and multi-environment exposure of urban birds to microelements, including heavy metals. The level of concentration of essential microelements in the biological media depended on the diet. Fe in Moscow and Ivanovo and As in all the samples came from the soil cover, which had a high content of these elements. The gross content of Pb in the soil samples from Moscow and the drinking water from Yaroslavl and Ivanovo demonstrated the greatest impact on the avian organism. The snow samples had the least effect on the el emental status of the bioenvironments.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Soy Protein
Authors: Sokolov Dmitry , Bolkhonov Bulat , Zhamsaranova Sesegma , Lebedeva Svetlana , Bazhenova Bayana 
Published: March 2023

Soy continues to be one of the top sources of vegetable protein. Structurally modified soy proteins and processed products are used as part of functional foods. Enzymatic hydrolysates of food proteins have different degrees of hydrolysis and functional profiles, hence the constant search for the optimal hydrolysis parameters. The present research objective was to design a two-stage enzymatic conversion process of soy protein using mathematical methods, as well as to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the hydrolysate in laboratory conditions.
Soy protein isolate was tested to define the maximal value of the hydrolysis degree. It underwent a series of two-factor experiments in the presence of pepsin and trypsin. The study focused on the hydrolysis time and the enzyme-substrate ratio. The results were optimized using the response surface methodology in MathCad 15. The total antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate during hydrolysis was determined on a Tsvet-Yauza-01-AA chromatograph using the amperometric method.
For the pepsin test, the processing time was 7 h and the enzyme-to-substrate ratio was 1:22. For the trypsin test, the time was 7 h and the ratio was 1:30. The mathematical modeling revealed the following optimal parameters. The first stage involved hydrolysis with pepsin for 5 h at an enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 1:20; the second stage involved hydrolysis with trypsin for 3 h at an enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 1:19. The resulting hydrolysate demonstrated 88% hydrolysis. The highest summary antioxidant activity was registered after 5 h of hydrolysis and amounted to about 250 mg/100 mL.
The resulting enzymatic hydrolysate of soy protein can be used as a food component or an antioxidant feed additive. The obtained peptides can immobilize essential microelements, e.g., Zn, I, and Se, as well as produce polyvalent complexes. Further studies will be aimed at the residual antigenicity of the hydrolysate and other functional indicators.
Micro-Ingredient Markets and Their Impact on the Sustainability of Food Systems
Authors: Kazantseva Elena , Lyamkin Igor 
Published: March 2023

Commercial micro-ingredients of certain types are a gap in the Russian food industry. This article describes the Russian market for micro-ingredients, their impact on the sustainability of domestic food systems, and state support prospects.
The study featured the development of micro-ingredient markets in the context of sustainable food systems. It relied on the theory of world-system analysis, as well as on the methods of comparative and statistical analyses. The materials were obtained from the Federal State Statistics Service, the Federal Customs Service, the Russian Export Center, and various rating and information agencies, including publically available data from the UN, the FAO, and the Union of Food Ingredients Producers.
The authors assessed the impact of micro-ingredient markets on the sustainability of food systems and the effect of global and domestic market trends on the demand and supply of micro-ingredients. When strategizing state support for domestic producers of micro-ingredients, government should proceed from the availability of raw materials and competition. The article introduces a comparative analysis of the Russian market of flavoring agents, which includes both foreign and domestic producers, and the Russian market of citric acid, represented solely by Chinese companies. In the first case, the government should support the existing domestic producers and strengthen their positions in the Russian markets, with prospects for foreign market penetration. In the second case, the Russian food industry has to launch domestic products able to occupy the Russian market and defeat the powerful foreign competitors that are ready to use dumping. The analysis also revealed the main directions of state support for the domestic production of competitive micro-ingredients and their components.
The results can be used to strategize state support measures for the domestic micro-ingredients in order to improve food security and the stability of the Russian food system to external shocks.
Estimation of contamination release histories using meshless radial point collocation method and multiverse optimization
Authors: Anshuman Aatish , Eldho T. I. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Contaminants in groundwater may enter through various sources which are required to be identified for informed decision-making regarding remediation. In early stages of contamination of an aquifer, the sources of contamination are generally unknown. To estimate the unknown release histories at potential sources, the governing equations of contaminant transport are solved backwards in time which renders the inverse problem as ill-posed. Furthermore, due to measurement or operational errors, observed breakthrough curves can be noisy which can induce uncertainty. Simulation-optimization (SO) techniques are generally used for solving the inverse model. Nevertheless, swarm population-based optimization algorithms may get trapped in local optima in the nonlinear search space related to the problem. In this study, SO model based on meshless radial point collocation method (RPCM) and multiverse optimizer (MVO) is proposed. MVO implements gradual transformation from global exploration to local exploitation phase which helps in better estimation of unknowns. The performance of RPCM-MVO-SO model is compared with two other SO models developed by combining RPCM with grey wolf optimizer and particle swarm optimization in two case studies. The proposed model performs better compared to the other two SO models considered which suggests the efficacy of the model for release history estimation in groundwater.
Three-phase data augmentation for the prediction of sediment flux in mountain basins during typhoon events
Authors: Ho Hao-Che , Chan Kun-Che , Chang Shu-Hao , Huang Cheng-Chia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Discrepancies between estimated sediment and actual yields are large. The sedimentation often causes severe damage due to a lack of on-site measurement data in the current disaster prevention system. This paper presents a robust early-warning system in which the statistical analysis used to predict sedimentation is conducted within the context of the underlying physical mechanisms. This three-phase early-warning system employs data collection, data generation, and AI (Artificial Intelligence) prediction. Data collection involves the use of HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modeling System) to transform measured precipitation data into flow discharge from various sub-catchments. Empirical formulas related to landslide volume and soil erosion are then used to establish suitable boundary conditions for data generation. Finally, a 2D model, SRH-2D (Sediment and River Hydraulic-Two Dimension model), is used to simulate data pertaining to temporal variations in sediment flux under various storm event scenarios. The simulated data are then used as input for the training and testing three artificial neural networks. The primary strength of this study is to improve the prediction ability in large-scale sedimentation issues in mountain rivers. These models returned good prediction results with 1–6 h lead times by interdisciplinary integration with the hydraulic and statistical fields.
CD155-TIGIT Axis as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer
Immunotherapy
Authors: Mu Yeteng , Guan Xingang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown unprecedented efficacy in
treating many advanced cancers. Although FDA-approved ICIs have shown promising efficacy
in treating many advanced cancers, their application is greatly limited by the low
response rate, immune-related adverse events (irAE), and drug resistance. Developing
novel ICIs holds great promise to improve the survival and prognosis of advanced cancer
patients. T-Cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed
on T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and T regulatory cells. Increasing reports
have shown that the disrupting CD155-TIGIT axis could activate the immune system and
restore antitumor immune response. This review briefly summarized the role of TIGIT in
tumor immune escape and targeting CD155-TIGIT axis drugs in preclinical and clinical
trials for cancer immunotherapy.
A Web-Based Gender-Sensitive Educational Simulation on Vocational Rehabilitation for Service Providers Working With Youth With Disabilities: Pilot Evaluation
Authors: Lindsay Sally , Thomson Nicole , Moll Sandra , Colantonio Angela , Stinson Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

Background
Although there is a need for gender-specific health care, especially within the context of vocational rehabilitation for youth with disabilities, clinicians, trainees, and community service providers commonly report lacking training in gender-sensitive approaches. Therefore, an educational tool designed for clinicians working with youth, that addresses how to approach such issues, could help clinicians to augment the care they provide.

Objective
The objective of our study was to conduct a pilot evaluation of an educational simulation for health care and service providers focusing on gender-sensitive approaches within the context of supporting youth with disabilities in vocational rehabilitation.

Methods
We conducted a survey from May to September 2021 to assess the relevance of the simulation content, preliminary perceived impact on gender-sensitive knowledge and confidence, and open-ended feedback of a web-based gender-sensitive educational simulation. A total of 12 health care providers from a variety of professions who had experience working with youth in the context of vocational rehabilitation participated in the survey (11 women and 1 man).

Results
Most participants reported that the content of the simulation was relevant and comprehensive. The majority of participants reported that the simulation helped to increase their perceived knowledge or understanding of the topic, changed their perceived understanding of their intervention or approach, and informed their perceived confidence. Our qualitative findings from the open-ended questions highlighted three main themes: (1) relevance of the simulation content, (2) perceived impact for clinical practice (ie, gender-sensitive language and communication and building rapport with patients), and (3) perceived impact on organizational processes (ie, practices, policy, and privacy).

Conclusions
Our educational simulation shows preliminary potential as an educational tool for service providers working with youth who have a disability within the context of vocational rehabilitation. Further research is needed to assess the impact of the tool with larger samples.
Placeres tecnosexuales. Claves hacia la comprensión de la sexualidad humano-máquina
Authors: Radrigán Valeria 
Published: March 2023

El siguiente texto presenta una reflexión teórica en torno a la sexualidad humano-máquina. Los objetivos apuntan a actualizar las relaciones que existen entre nuestra especie y los objetos en la contemporaneidad y cómo ellas han modificado nuestra experiencia del placer. El análisis se sitúa en el marco de un transhumanismo pronunciado y una mercantilización planetaria del goce, que han devenido en una producción de tecnologías sexuales de alta eficacia y particularidad. A través de una metodología cualitativa de enfoque transdisciplinar, se propone generar un diálogo entre diversas áreas del conocimiento, prácticas sexuales “no convencionales” y la cultura medial para atender a las especificidades de esta “nueva” dimensión de la tecnosexualidad, en la que objetualizamos a las personas y personalizamos a los aparatos.
El arte-minería en Amona, Borinquen (Isla de Mona, Puerto Rico)
Authors: Samson Alice V M , Cooper Jago E. 
Published: March 2023

El conjunto de arte rupestre de Isla de Mona (nombre indígena Amona), en su mayor parte relacionado con la dilatada ocupación indígena, es uno de los más diversos y abundantes de las Antillas. Desde el año 2013, nuestro proyecto se focaliza en la historia indígena de la isla, reelaborando los trabajos anteriores realizados por el Dr. Ovidio Dávila Dávila durante los años 80 y 90 y el Dr. Irving Rouse en los años 30 del siglo xx. En este artículo consideramos algunos aspectos de las prácticas subterráneas que quedaron marginadas porque difieren de lo que normalmente consideramos como arte rupestre. En Mona la morfología de las cuevas y las características de las superficies subterráneas fomentan actividades ocultas que incluyen las interacciones con sustancias minerales y distintas formas de dejar imágenes y marcas, y de transitar el espacio. En particular analizamos la práctica común de trazar huellas digitales en los carbonatos suaves y pastosos de las paredes usando las manos, una técnica que observamos en las áreas oscuras de 30 de las aproximadamente 70 cuevas que hemos visitados de un total de 230 cuevas conocidas en la isla. Estos grabados hechos con los dedos, a la misma vez que dejaron huellas negativas y blanquitas, el arte rupestre, también removieron sustancias en actividades acordes a la minería, y a lo que nos referimos como el arte-minería. El arte es minería y la minería es arte. En vez de enfocarnos en las representaciones, nos centramos en la mayoría de las marcas que no son imágenes. Este trabajo es un aporte a los estudios de diferentes partes del mundo donde la relaciones entre el arte rupestre, las cuevas, el uso de minerales subterráneas, y los estados ampliados de conciencia forman ensamblajes dinámicos, conectando Mona con otros espacios subterráneos antillanos, además de con las áreas continentales del centro y norte de América.
Pembelajaran Online di Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia : Survei Kesiapan Mahasiswa
Authors: Mardhiya Julia 
Published: March 2023

[Online Learning in Chemistry Education Study Programs: Student Readiness Surveys]
Kesiapan mahasiswa merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan dalam pembelajaran daring. Studi ini mengeksplorasi kesiapan mahasiswa untuk pembelajaran daring di Prodi Pendidikan Kimia UIN Walisongo Semarang. Penelitian ini mengadopsi desain penelitian survei dengan instrumen Online Readiness Scale (OLRS) yang valid dan reliabel. OLRS memiliki lima aspek yaitu efikasi diri dalam penggunaan komputer, kemandirian dalam belajar, pengendalian diri, motivasi, dan efikasi diri dalam komunikasi secara online. 90 mahasiswa terlibat dalam survei kesiapan mahasiswa ini. Hasil pengisian angket dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Media pembelajaran onlineÂ yang paling sering digunakan mahasiswa adalah E-LearningÂ dan Whatapps Group. Mahasiswa memiliki tingkat kesiapan tertinggi dalam dimensi efikasi diri pada komputer dan internet, diikuti oleh kemandirian dan motivasi untuk belajar. Sedangkan yang terendah adalah efikasi diri pada komunikasi online dan pengendalian diri.Â Tantangan terbesar yang mereka hadapi saat belajar online adalah konektivitas internet diikuti dengan data broadbandÂ yang terbatas. Hal ini dapat dijadikan evaluasi dalam penyelenggaraan pembelajaran onlineÂ di Pendidikan Kimia UIN Walisongo Semarang