bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent coaching from 6 to 18 months improves child language outcomes through 30 months of age
Authors: Huber Elizabeth , Ferjan Ramírez Naja , Corrigan Neva M. , Kuhl Patricia K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInterventions focused on the home language environment have been shown to improve a number of child language outcomes in the first years of life. However, data on the longer‐term effects of the intervention are still somewhat limited. The current study examines child vocabulary and complex speech outcomes (N = 59) during the year following completion of a parent‐coaching intervention, which was previously found to increase the quantity of parent‐child conversational turns and to improve child language outcomes through 18 months of age. Measures of parental language input, child speech output, and parent‐child conversational turn‐taking were manually coded from naturalistic home recordings (Language Environment Analysis System, LENA) at regular 4‐month intervals when children were 6‐ to 24‐months old. Child language skills were assessed using the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) at four time‐points following the final intervention session (at 18, 24, 27, and 30 months). Vocabulary size and growth from 18 to 30 months was greater in the intervention group, even after accounting for differences in child language ability during the intervention period. The intervention group also scored higher on measures of speech length and grammatical complexity, and these effects were mediated by 18‐month vocabulary. Intervention was associated with increased parent‐child conversational turn‐taking in home recordings at 14 months, and mediation analysis suggested that 14‐month conversational turn‐taking accounted for intervention‐related differences in subsequent vocabulary. Together, the results suggest enduring, positive effects of parental language intervention and underscore the importance of interactive, conversational language experience during the first 2 years of life.Research Highlights
Parent coaching was provided as part of a home language intervention when children were 6–18 months of age.
Naturalistic home language recordings showed increased parent‐child conversational turn‐taking in the intervention group at 14 months of age.
Measures of productive vocabulary and complex speech indicated more advanced expressive language skills in the intervention group through 30 months of age, a full year after the final intervention session.
Conversational turn‐taking at 14 months predicted subsequent child vocabulary and accounted for differences in vocabulary size across the intervention and control groups.
Astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant, lowers cholesterol and markers of cardiovascular risk in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia
Authors: Ciaraldi Theodore P. , Boeder Schafer C. , Mudaliar Sunder R. , Giovannetti Erin R. , Henry Robert R. , Pettus Jeremy H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of astaxanthin treatment on lipids, cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers, glucose tolerance, insulin action and inflammation in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia.Materials and MethodsAdult participants with dyslipidaemia and prediabetes (n = 34) underwent baseline blood draw, an oral glucose tolerance test and a one‐step hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp. They were then randomized (n = 22 treated, 12 placebo) to receive astaxanthin 12 mg daily or placebo for 24 weeks. Baseline studies were repeated after 12 and 24 weeks of therapy.ResultsAfter 24 weeks, astaxanthin treatment significantly decreased low‐density lipoprotein (−0.33 ± 0.11 mM) and total cholesterol (−0.30 ± 0.14 mM) (both P < .05). Astaxanthin also reduced levels of the CVD risk markers fibrinogen (−473 ± 210 ng/mL), L‐selectin (−0.08 ± 0.03 ng/mL) and fetuin‐A (−10.3 ± 3.6 ng/mL) (all P < .05). While the effects of astaxanthin treatment did not reach statistical significance, there were trends toward improvements in the primary outcome measure, insulin‐stimulated, whole‐body glucose disposal (+0.52 ± 0.37 mg/m2/min, P = .078), as well as fasting [insulin] (−5.6 ± 8.4 pM, P = .097) and HOMA2‐IR (−0.31 ± 0.16, P = .060), suggesting improved insulin action. No consistent significant differences from baseline were observed for any of these outcomes in the placebo group. Astaxanthin was safe and well tolerated with no clinically significant adverse events.ConclusionsAlthough the primary endpoint did not meet the prespecified significance level, these data suggest that astaxanthin is a safe over‐the‐counter supplement that improves lipid profiles and markers of CVD risk in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia.
Long‐term effectiveness of add‐on perampanel in patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Matricardi Sara , Cesaroni Elisabetta , Bonanni Paolo , Foschi Nicoletta , D′Aniello Alfredo , Di Gennaro Giancarlo , Striano Pasquale , Cappanera Silvia , Siliquini Sabrina , Freri Elena , Ragona Francesca , Granata Tiziana , Deleo Francesco , Villani Flavio , Russo Angelo , Messana Tullio , Siri Laura , Bagnasco Irene , Vignoli Aglaia , Operto Francesca Felicia , Orsini Alessandro , Bonuccelli Alice , Papa Amanda , Peruzzi Cinzia , Liguori Claudio , Verrotti Alberto , Chiarelli Francesco , Marini Carla , Lattanzi Simona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis retrospective study assessed long‐term effectiveness of add‐on perampanel (PER) in patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS). Outcomes included time to PER failure and time to seizure relapse in responders. PER failure was defined as either discontinuation of PER or initiation of another treatment. Seizure relapse in responders was defined as occurrence of a seizure in seizure‐free patients and increase of at least 50% in average monthly seizure frequency for those who were responders. Eighty‐seven patients were included. Treatment failure occurred in 52 (59.8%) subjects at a median time of 12 months. Treatment failure was due to lack of efficacy in 27 (52.0%) patients, lack of tolerability in 14 (27.0%), and both reasons in 11 (21.0%). A slower titration was associated with a lower risk of PER failure compared to faster titration schedules, and the occurrence of adverse events increased the risk of treatment failure. Thirty‐six patients (41.4%) were responders during a median follow‐up of 11 months. Seizure relapse occurred in 13 of 36 (36.1%) patients after a median time of 21 months. The overall rate of seizure responders was 23 of 87 (26.4%) at the end of follow‐up. This study provides real‐world evidence on the effectiveness of PER as adjunctive treatment in LGS patients.
Informing obligations: Best practice information for catch‐and‐release in Swedish local recreational fisheries management
Authors: Björkvik Emma , Blyth Samuel , Blicharska Malgorzata , Danley Brian , Rönnbäck Patrik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCatch‐and‐release (C&R) is a popular management tool that can support sustainable development of recreational fisheries, if anglers adopt scientifically informed “best practices.” However, although the role of best practices is widely established in the academic literature, this knowledge is not always disseminated to anglers. In this paper, we investigated if and to what extent local management organizations provided best practice information to anglers. Based on a sample of 331 Swedish organizations, we reviewed the websites through which these organizations sold fishing licenses. Our review demonstrated widespread use of C&R as a management tool yet a general lack of best practice information. Among the small fraction of organizations that mentioned best practices, most mentioned only a single practice, with little consistency among practices that received attention. In addition, best practice information was particularly lacking for pike (Esox Lucius) and perch (Perca fluviatilis), which are by far the most landed and released species nationally. We discovered major knowledge deficiencies that provide insights about where and how to focus efforts for improving best practice information, in the context of local recreational fisheries management.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers with breast, ovarian and prostate cancer demonstrate a different pattern of metastatic disease compared with non‐carriers: results from a rapid autopsy programme
Authors: Thorne Heather , Devereux Lisa , Li Jason , Alsop Kathryn , Christie Liz , van Geelen Courtney T , Burdett Nikki , Pishas Kathleen I , Woodford Noel , Leditschke Jodie , Izzath Mohamed H M A , Strachan Kate , Young Gregory , Jaravaza Rufaro D , Madadin Mohammed S , Archer Melanie , Glengarry Joanna , Iles Linda , Rathnaweera Ajith , Hampson Clare , Almazrooei Khamis , Burke Michael , Bandara Pradeep , Ranson David , Saeedi Essa , McNally Orla , Mileshkin Linda , Hamilton Anne , Ananda Sumitra , Au‐Yeung George , Antill Yoland , Sandhu Shahneen , Savas Peter , Francis Prudence A , Luen Stephen , Loi Sherene , Jennens Ross , Scott Clare , Moodie Kate , Cummings Margaret , Reid Andrew , McCart Reed Amy , Bowtell David , Lakhani Sunil R , Fox Stephen 
Published: March 2023

AimTo catalogue and compare the pattern of metastatic disease in germline BRCA1/2 pathogenic mutation carriers and non‐carriers with breast, ovarian and prostate cancer from a rapid autopsy programme.Methods and resultsThe number of metastases in the major body systems and the proportion of participants with metastases were documented in 50 participants (19 germline mutation carriers). Analysis was conducted on the participants’ pattern of disease for the different cancers and mutation subgroups. The four commonly affected organ systems were the digestive (liver only) (82%), respiratory (76%), gastrointestinal (65%) and reticuloendothelial (42%). There were significant differences in the pattern of metastatic breast cancer in BRCA1/2 germline carriers compared with non‐carriers. Breast cancer carriers had significantly fewer organ systems involved (median n = 3, range = 1–3) compared with non‐carriers (median n = 9, range = 1–7) (P = 0.03). BRCA1/2 carriers with ovarian carcinomas had significantly more organ systems with metastatic carcinoma (median n = 10, range = 3–8) than non‐carriers (median n = 5, range = 3–5) (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the number of involved systems in BRCA2 carriers compared with non‐carriers with prostate cancer (P = 1.0). There was an absence of locoregional disease (6.5%) compared with distant disease (93.5%) among the three cancer subtypes (P < 0.001). The majority of metastatic deposits (97%) collected during the autopsy were identified by recent diagnostic imaging.ConclusionEven though a major limitation of this study is that our numbers are small, especially in the breast cancer carrier group, the metastatic patterns of breast and ovarian cancers may be impacted by BRCA1/2 carrier status, suggesting that tumours derived from patients with these mutations use different mechanisms of dissemination. The findings may focus clinical diagnostic imaging for monitoring metastases where whole‐body imaging resources are scant.
Sustainability and inequality of Taiwan's National Pension Insurance
Authors: Chang Chih‐Kai , Tao Hung‐Lin , Chang Hsun‐Fang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTaiwan's National Pension Insurance (NPI) is a compulsory defined benefit pension insurance scheme. However, paying the NPI premium is not mandatory. We use the NPI administrative data of more than 489 million observations to investigate the NPI's sustainability and inequalities for various groups. We find that NPI participants pay their premiums either consistently or not at all. Although the overall willingness to pay the premiums has been declining, one group of the insured persons consistently pays, thereby maintaining the sustainability of the NPI. Intergenerational and intragenerational inequalities are both found in the NPI; however, the government's premium subsidy reduces intragenerational inequality, except for young adult males who need the NPI and regularly pay premiums. Our empirical results suggest that subsidising these young male citizens strengthens the NPI's sustainability and mitigates the intergenerational and intragenerational inequalities of the NPI.
Curcumin in diet modulates fatty acid levels and mRNA expression of appetite‐regulating neuropeptides in brain and enhances growth via the GH‐GHR‐IGF axis in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus
Authors: MV Sruthi , Lekha Divya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurcumin in 0.5% and 1% doses was given as a feed additive to tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) for 100 days to evaluate the effect of curcumin on fatty acid levels in brain, appetite and the growth axis‐related gene expressions. A total of 180 fish were randomly stocked into 650 l tanks and fed with basal feed during acclimatization. Three treatment groups were established, each having three replicates and each replicate had 20 fish. They were fed twice on the experimental diets of 10% body weight ration per fish. Gas chromatography analysis revealed a significant change in the amount of total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids in tilapia brain. The present study indicated an increase in n‐3 (omega‐3) and n‐6 (omega‐6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain. Real‐time quantification of appetite‐regulating neuropeptides in brain and growth‐related gene expressions in muscle revealed a significant modulation in their mRNA expressions. This information obtained in the present study on the beneficial role of curcumin in the regulation of fatty acid levels and the expression of appetite‐regulating neuropeptides and growth‐regulating factors will contribute to research in feed intake and growth in fish.
Architectural anatomy of the human tibialis anterior presents morphological asymmetries between superficial and deep unipennate regions
Authors: Martin‐Rodriguez Saúl , Gonzalez‐Henriquez Juan Jose , Galvan‐Alvarez Victor , Cruz‐Ramírez Sara , Calbet José A. , Sanchis‐Moysi Joaquín 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe tibialis anterior muscle plays a critical role in human ambulation and contributes to maintaining the upright posture. However, little is known about its muscle architecture in males and females. One hundred and nine physically active males and females were recruited. Tibialis anterior muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length were measured at rest in both unipennate regions of both legs using real‐time ultrasound imaging. A linear mixed model was used with muscle thickness, pennation angle, or fascicle length as the dependent variables. All models were carried out with and without total leg lean mass and shank length as covariates. Causal mediation analysis was computed to explore the effect of muscle thickness on the relationship between fascicle length and pennation angle. There were no significant differences between dominant and nondominant legs regarding muscle architecture. Muscle thickness and pennation angle were greater in the deep than the superficial unipennate region in males (1.9 mm and 1.1°,p < 0.001) and women (3.4 mm and 2.2°,p < 0.001). However, the fascicle length was similar in both regions for both sexes. The differences remained significant after accounting for differences in leg lean mass and shank length. In both regions, muscle thickness was 1–3 mm greater in males and superficial pennation angle 2° smaller in females (both,p < 0.001). After accounting for leg lean mass and shank length, sex differences remained for muscle thickness (1.6 mm,p < 0.05) and pennation angle (3.4°,p < 0.001) but only in the superficial region. In both regions, leg lean mass and shank‐adjusted fascicle length were 1.4 mm longer in females than males (p < 0.05). The causal mediation analysis revealed that the estimation of fascicle length was positive, suggesting that a 10% increase in muscle thickness would augment the fascicle length, allowing a 0.38° pennation angle decrease. Moreover, the pennation angle increases in total by 0.54° due to the suppressive effect of the increase in fascicle length. The estimated mediation, direct, and total effects were all significantly different from zero (p < 0.001). Overall, our results indicate that the architectural anatomy of the tibialis anterior shows sexual dimorphism in humans. Tibialis anterior presents morphological asymmetries between superficial and deep unipennate regions in both sexes. Lastly, our causal mediation model identified a suppressive effect of fascicle length on the pennation angle, suggesting that increments in muscle thickness are not always aligned with increments in fascicle length or the pennation angle.
COVID‐19 and the power of indigenous, Mexican‐origin farmworker families in the US Pacific Northwest
Authors: Madrigal Tomás Alberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the last several years—in the context of US political upheaval, ongoing crises related to climate change, the COVID‐19 pandemic and an economic downturn—indigenous, Mexican‐origin farmworker families in Washington State have engaged more intensely in class struggle through acts of solidarity and forms of collective action, in part through independent labour unions, worker cooperatives and mutual aid. This article chronicles the labour struggles that led to a notion of class rooted in family units of production and that strengthened transnational solidarity in resistance to racist forms of exploitation in the agricultural sector. Class organization rooted in family and solidarity has allowed indigenous agricultural workers in Washington State to face COVID‐19 and incidents driven by climate change, which syndemically compounded existing community health crises, from a place of power. Focusing on the experience of farmworker families in Washington State, I outline agricultural employers' exploitation of workers during this period of increased vulnerability and the strength of farmworkers' resolve to take their health and well‐being into their own hands.
Reflecting and Advancing the Transformation: Catholic Theological Ethics and the Journal of Religious Ethics, 1973–2023
Authors: Hogan Linda 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThis essay considers how the JRE has engaged Catholic ethics in the last 50 years and how the concerns of Catholic ethics during this period of exceptional change are reflected and developed in the JRE. It discusses the transformation of Catholic ethics by focusing on the transitions: (i) from classical to historical consciousness; (ii) from an essentialist concept of human nature to a dynamic concept of the moral subject; (iii) from abstract to contextual moral reason; and (iv) from a discourse that ignored the politics of power to one that reckons with it, analyzing the distinct ways in which the JRE engaged with these transformations. It concludes by looking to the future and suggests that a deeper engagement with the breadth of Catholic ethics internationally may help advance the Journal's mission and that a fuller interaction with the comparative and humanistic dimensions of the JRE's mission will enhance Catholic ethics.
Ultrafiltration during intermittent hemodialysis in dogs with acute kidney injury
Authors: Kopecny Lucy , Palm Carrie A. , Segev Gilad , Cowgill Larry D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundUltrafiltration is performed to alleviate fluid overload in dogs with acute kidney injury (AKI) undergoing intermittent hemodialysis (IHD).ObjectivesTo describe prescription patterns for ultrafiltration in dogs receiving IHD for AKI and risk factors for ultrafiltration‐related complications.AnimalsSeventy‐seven dogs undergoing 144 IHD treatments between 2009 and 2019.MethodsMedical records of dogs receiving IHD for AKI were reviewed. The initial 3 IHD treatments in which ultrafiltration was prescribed were included. Ultrafiltration‐related complications were defined as those requiring an intervention such as transient or permanent discontinuation of ultrafiltration.ResultsMean fluid removal rate per treatment was 8.1 ± 4.5 mL/kg/h. Ultrafiltration‐related complications occurred in 37/144 (25.7%) of treatments. Hypotension was rare (6/144, 4.2% of treatments). No ultrafiltration‐related complications resulted in deaths. The mean prescribed fluid removal rate per treatment was higher in dogs with ultrafiltration‐related complications than without (10.8 ± 4.9 mL/kg/h vs 8.8 ± 5.1 mL/kg/h, respectively;P = .03). The mean delivered fluid removal rate per treatment was significantly lower in dogs with UF‐related complications compared to those without complications (6.8 ± 4.0 mL/kg/h vs 8.6 ± 4.6 mL/kg/h, respectively;P = .04). Variables associated with ultrafiltration‐related complications (P < .05) included central venous oxygen saturation, body temperature before IHD treatment, total extracorporeal circuit volume and BUN at the end of IHD treatment.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceUltrafiltration during IHD in dogs with AKI is overall safe. Higher prescribed ultrafiltration rates were associated with increased risk of complications. Decrease in central venous oxygen saturation is associated with ultrafiltration‐related complications, emphasizing the utility of in‐line blood monitoring.
Interspecific facilitation favors rare species establishment and reduces performance disparities among adults
Authors: Sánchez‐Martín Ricardo , Verdú Miguel , Montesinos‐Navarro Alicia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuestionsA variety of mechanisms sustain diversity in natural communities as a result of ecological interactions between organisms. Competition has been studied extensively in the context of species maintenance, but facilitation is often conceptualized as simply reducing competition between functionally different species, which tends to decline throughout the plants' life span. Here we explore how interspecific facilitation may sustain diversity throughout the species' life by avoiding the extinction of locally rare species at juvenile stages and reducing performance disparities between neighbors of differing species at mature stages.MethodsTo do so, we measured whether rarer species relied more on facilitation than abundant ones in semiarid shrubland in southeast Spain. A mechanistic explanation of this relationship was subsequently tested by correlating rarity with the species' affinity to a particularly edaphic stressful environment. Finally, we assessed whether growing associated with neighbors in vegetation patches shaped by facilitation could balance performance disparities between species when they become adults.ResultsWe show that facilitation (i) favors the rare species, which, in addition, tend to be those with low affinity to the stressful environment, and (ii) reduces the performance dissimilarities among plants growing associated within multispecific vegetation patches compared to plants growing alone.ConclusionsThese facilitative effects, beyond the reduction of competition between functionally similar species, might ensure positive and long‐lasting effects of biotic interactions, implying a more critical role for facilitation in preserving biodiversity than previously thought.