bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do (false) positively screened patients experience a screening programme for liver cirrhosis or fibrosis in Germany? A qualitative study
Authors: Fichtner Urs A. , Arslanow Anita , Binder Harald , Galle Peter R. , Labenz Christian , Lammert Frank , Ortner Julia , Stelzer Dominikus , Velthuis Louis , Farin‐Glattacker Erik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore psychosocial consequences of (false) positive liver screening results and to identify influencing factors for perceived strain within a multistage screening programme for liver cirrhosis and fibrosis in Germany.MethodsBetween June 2018 and May 2019, all positively screened patients were asked to participate in the study (n = 158). N = 11 telephone interviews and n = 4 follow‐up interviews were conducted. Semi‐structured telephone interviews were carried out. The analysis followed a structuring content analysis approach. Thereby, categories were first defined deductively. Second, the categories were revised inductively based on the data.ResultsThe main themes found regarding the consequences of the screening were categorised in emotional reactions and behavioural reactions. Few respondents described negative emotional consequences related to screening. Those seem to be mostly driven by suboptimal patient–provider communication and might be worsened when transparent information transfer fails to happen. As a result, patients sought information and support in their social environment. All patients reported positive attitudes towards liver screening.ConclusionTo reduce the potential occurrence of psychosocial consequences during the screening process, medical screening should be performed in the context of transparent information. Regular health communication on the side of health professionals and increasing patients' health literacy might contribute to avoiding negative emotions in line with screening.Patient or Public ContributionThis study recognises the wide‐ranging patients' perspectives regarding the consequences of liver screening which should be taken into consideration when implementing a new screening programme to ensure a patient‐centred approach.
Structural and photoluminescent features of Eu3+ activated single‐phase niobate phosphor for lighting applications
Authors: Verma Animesh , Sahu Mukesh K. , Deepali  , Pandey Mrinal , Rao Peta Koteswara , Jayasimhadri Mula 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSingle‐phase barium sodium niobate phosphor (Ba2NaNb5O15: BNNO) doped with europium (Eu3+) ions have been synthesized by solid‐state reaction route. Pure and single‐phase formation with the tetragonal structure of the synthesized Eu3+‐doped BNNO (BNNO: Eu3+) phosphor was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. The SEM image of BNNO sample indicates irregular morphology and nonuniform micron‐sized particle formation. The intense excitation peak located at 463 nm appeared in the excitation spectrum for BNNO: Eu3+ phosphors when monitored atred (615 nm) emission of Eu3+ ions. Under 463 nm excitation, the emission spectra for BNNO: Eu3+ exhibit dominant red (615 nm) emission peak. The luminescence intensity increases progressively up to the 10.0 mol% of Eu3+ ions and decreases further due to the concertation quenching effect. The energy transfer mechanism responsible for concentration quenching has been investigated in detail. The chromaticity coordinates assessed for BNNO: Eu3+ phosphors, which are located in the red region of Commission International de l'Eclairage 1931 diagram. The structural, morphological, and spectroscopic results attained for the synthesized phosphor (BNNO: Eu3+) demonstrate potential candidature as a red component phosphor in solid‐state lighting applications.
L'impact des traités internationaux se limite‐t‐il aux États qui les ont ratifiés? L'influence des conventions de l'OIT relatives à la protection de la maternité dans 160 pays entre 1883 et 2018
Authors: SON Keonhi 
Published: June 2023

RésuméLes États qui ratifient les conventions internationales de l'OIT ne sont pas les seuls à se conformer à leurs dispositions. D'autres aussi adaptent leur législation en conséquence pour renforcer leur légitimité. S'appuyant sur une nouvelle base de données longitudinales, l'autrice retrace l'évolution des dispositions concernant le congé de maternité dans 160 pays entre 1883 et 2018 au regard de l'adoption par la Conférence internationale du Travail des conventions relatives à la protection de la maternité. Elle constate qu'à la suite de cette adoption tant les États ratificateurs que les États non ratificateurs ont élargi leur régime de congé de maternité rémunéré.
Timing and setting of billed advance care planning among Medicare decedents in 2017–2019
Authors: Gotanda Hiroshi , Walling Anne M. , Zhang Jessica J. , Xu Haiyong , Tsugawa Yusuke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) began to reimburse clinicians for advance care planning (ACP) discussions, effective January 1, 2016. We sought to characterize the timing and setting of first‐billed ACP discussions among Medicare decedents to inform future research on ACP billing codes.MethodsUsing a random 20% sample of Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged 66 years and older who died in 2017–2019, we described the timing (relative to death) and setting (inpatient, nursing home, office, or outpatient with or without Medicare Annual Wellness Visit [AWV], home or community, or elsewhere) of the first‐billed ACP discussion for each beneficiary.ResultsOur study included 695,985 decedents (mean [SD] years of age, 83.2 [8.8]; 54.2% female); the proportion of decedents who had at least one billed ACP discussion increased from 9.7% in 2017 to 21.9% in 2019. We found that the proportion of first‐billed ACP discussions held during the last month of life decreased from 37.0% in 2017 to 26.2% in 2019, while the proportion of first‐billed ACP discussions held more than 12 months before death increased from 11.1% in 2017 to 35.2% in 2019. We also found that the proportion of first‐billed ACP discussions held in the office or outpatient setting along with AWV increased over time (from 10.7% in 2017 to 14.1% in 2019), while the proportion held in the inpatient setting decreased (from 41.7% in 2017 to 38.0% in 2019).ConclusionsWe found that with increasing exposure to the CMS policy change, uptake of the ACP billing code has increased; first‐billed ACP discussions are occurring sooner before the end‐of‐life stage and are more likely to occur with AWV. Future studies should evaluate changes in ACP practice patterns, rather than only an increasing uptake in ACP billing codes, following the policy implementation.
The Effect of a Mindfulness‐Based Stress Reduction Program on Premenstrual Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Şener Çetin Nurdilan , Şolt Kırca Ayça 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) is an important health problem that affects women of childbearing age. Mindfulness, a meditation practice that cultivates the acceptance of events as they occur in the moment without judgment, is a promising strategy to help women cope with PMS. This study aimed to test the efficacy of a mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) program in decreasing premenstrual symptoms compared with a control group.MethodsThis study was a prospective, single‐masked randomized controlled trial conducted between February and April 2022 with 90 university students. Participants were women between 20 and 30 years of age, scored at least 45 on the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and were not receiving other treatments for PMS. Participants were randomized into experimental (MBSR) and control groups in a 1:1 allocation. MBSR was provided in 8 weekly sessions lasting 2.5 hours and a 6‐hour silence retreat during week 6. Symptoms of PMS were evaluated with the PMSS at baseline and postintervention. Differences between groups were compared postintervention using analysis of covariance to correct for baseline scores. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov before the data collection process was initiated (NCT05191108).ResultsOf the 90 enrolled participants, 74 participants completed the study and postintervention assessment (37 in each group). Immediately postintervention, the women in the experimental group had significantly lower PMS symptoms than women in the control group (PMSS total score, 96.35 vs 123.02; P < .001). The effect size for the change in premenstrual symptoms was large (partial η2, 0.510). Specific symptoms measured by the PMSS subscales all showed significant reductions in scores in the MBSR group compared with the control group.DiscussionA mindfulness stress reduction program was effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms. MBSR programs may be used as a therapy for PMS. Future studies should test MBSR in larger and more diverse groups of women with PMS.
Differential pericyte marker expression in craniofacial benign and malignant vascular tumors
Authors: Lu Amy Z. , Chandra Dave , Chandra Srinivasa R. , James Aaron W. , Hsu Ginny Ching‐Yun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundVascular anomalies and tumors are common in the head, neck, and craniofacial areas and are associated with abnormalities in the angiomatous architecture. However, the etiology and molecular basis for the pathogenesis of most vascular lesions are still unknown. Pericytes are mural cells that surround endothelial cells. Besides angiogenesis and other physiological functions, pericytes play an important role in vascularized tissue repair and as resident mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. Perivascular cells demonstrate a distinct immunohistochemical profile, including expression of alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), CD146, CD105, and PDGFRβ, without endothelial differentiation (absence of CD31 and CD34 immunoreactivity). These pericyte markers have been shown to be expressed in soft tissue hemangiomas. However, they have not been fully examined in intraosseous hemangiomas.MethodsIn this study, we compared mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) expression of CD146 and α‐SMA markers in pericytes from hemangiomas from different tissues and malignant vascular tumors.ResultsThe results demonstrated an increased expression of pericyte markers in perivascular cells of benign hemangiomas, especially intraosseous hemangiomas and a significantly reduced expression of pericyte markers in malignant angiosarcomas.ConclusionThe evidence provides insight into the function of pericytes in vascular tumors and suggests their role in vascular tumor disease types.
Effect of aging and obesity on esophageal mucosal integrity as measured by baseline impedance
Authors: Voulgaris Theodoros , Hoshino Shintaro , Sifrim Daniel , Yazaki Etsuro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimLow mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) values support gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) diagnosis. Recent data denote that age and obesity may affect MNBI. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic MNBI cutoffs as also the effect of aging and body mass index (BMI) on MNBI.MethodsIn total 311 patients (M/F: 139/172, mean age: 47 ± 13) referred for typical GERD symptoms that have undertaken both high‐resolution manometry (HRM) and pH‐Impedance studies off PPI were evaluated. MNBI at 3, 5, and 17 cm over lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were evaluated. GERD was diagnosed if acid exposure time (AET) >6%.ResultsMean BMI was 26.6 ± 5.9 kg/cm2. GERD was diagnosed in 39.2% and 13.5% had inconclusive GERD. MNBI was correlated to patients' age, BMI, AET, and the length of LES‐CD separation and at 3 cm also to the total number of reflux and LES hypotension. In the multivariate analysis MNBI at 3 and 5 cm was independently correlated only to age, BMI, and AET. Patients with definite GERD showed lower MNBI at 3 cm compared with inconclusive GERD though both showed lower values when compared with GERD absence. At 3 cm MNBI ability for diagnosing GERD was good (0.815, p < 0.001 95% CI: 0.766–0.863) with an optimal cutoff point of 1281 Ohm.ConclusionAccording to our study findings age and BMI affect independently lower esophageal MNBI values in patients evaluated for GERD. MNBI significantly aids toward GERD diagnosis though in a real‐life setting MNBI values much lower than the one previously proposed should be used.
Metabolic and transcriptomic study of pennycress natural variation identifies targets for oil improvement
Authors: Arias Cintia Lucía , García Navarrete Leidy Tatiana , Mukundi Eric , Swanson Tyler , Yang Fan , Hernandez Jonathan , Grotewold Erich , Alonso Ana Paula 
Published: June 2023

SummaryPennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.), a member of the Brassicaceae family, produces seed oil high in erucic acid, suitable for biodiesel and aviation fuel. Although pennycress, a winter annual, could be grown as a dedicated bioenergy crop, an increase in its seed oil content is required to improve its economic competitiveness. The success of crop improvement relies upon finding the right combination of biomarkers and targets, and the best genetic engineering and/or breeding strategies. In this work, we combined biomass composition with metabolomic and transcriptomic studies of developing embryos from 22 pennycress natural variants to identify targets for oil improvement. The selected accession collection presented diverse levels of fatty acids at maturity ranging from 29% to 41%. Pearson correlation analyses, weighted gene co‐expression network analysis and biomarker identifications were used as complementary approaches to detect associations between metabolite level or gene expression and oil content at maturity. The results indicated that improving seed oil content can lead to a concomitant increase in the proportion of erucic acid without affecting the weight of embryos. Processes, such as carbon partitioning towards the chloroplast, lipid metabolism, photosynthesis, and a tight control of nitrogen availability, were found to be key for oil improvement in pennycress. Besides identifying specific targets, our results also provide guidance regarding the best timing for their modification, early or middle maturation. Thus, this work lays out promising strategies, specific for pennycress, to accelerate the successful development of lines with increased seed oil content for biofuel applications.
Melanoma and subcutaneous adipose tissue: Role of peritumoral adipokines in disease characterization and prognosis
Authors: Molinelli Elisa , Ceccarelli Gabriele , Fantone Sonia , Di Mercurio Eleonora , Gambini Daisy , Maurizi Andrea , Perugini Jessica , Tossetta Giovanni , Brisigotti Valerio , De Simoni Edoardo , Sapigni Claudia , Rizzetto Giulio , Campanati Anna , Simonetti Oriana , Marzioni Daniela , Offidani Annamaria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the last decades, the concept of adipose organ has emerged, giving adipose tissue an active endocrine and immunologic function through the secretion of multiple cytokines and chemokines that seem to be implicated in the development and progression of several cancer, including cutaneous melanoma. In this pilot experimental study, we analyzed the expression in the peritumor subcutaneous adipose tissue of the most significant adipokines involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and metastasis in a population of melanoma patients and in two control groups composed of melanocytic nevi and epidermoid cysts, respectively. We correlated the results obtained with the main disease prognostic factors observing a statistically significant increase in the expression of PAI1, LEP, CXCL1, NAMPT, and TNF‐α at the level of the peritumor tissue of the melanoma samples compared to the control groups and a correlation of the same with the histopathological prognostic factor of melanoma. Our preliminary study shows that the overexpression of PAI1, LEP, CXCL1, NAMPT, and TNF‐α may contribute to the growth and to the local aggressiveness of cutaneous melanoma. It opens the hypothesis of a direct oncogenic role of subcutaneous adipose tissue and adipokines in the tumorigenesis of melanoma.
Association between dependency and long sleep duration among elderly people: a community‐based study
Authors: Ding XiWen , Pan YiYang , Chen Yuan , Li Ying 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundLong sleep duration is a common sleep disorder among elderly people. Dependency increases with increasing age. This study aimed to assess the association between dependency and long sleep duration among elderly people.MethodsThis study is a population‐based cross‐sectional study. A total of 1152 participants aged ≥ 60 years were selected from 26 locations in China by a complex multistage sampling design. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews. Sleep duration was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Dependency was assessed using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐II. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of sleep‐related factors and psychological factors for sleep duration. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the association between the dependency score and sleep duration, and the strength of dependency effect on sleep duration.ResultsA total of 1120 participants were valid for the analysis. Among them, 15.8% of participants had a dependency score ≥60 points. The results of hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that sleep duration was positively associated with dependency scores. Analysis of covariance indicated a J‐shaped association between dependency scores and sleep duration. The results of logistic regression analysis showed dependency was significantly associated with long sleep duration, and the odds ratio was 3.52 (95% CI, 1.87–6.63; P < 0.001).ConclusionDependency was significantly associated with long sleep duration among elderly people. The results suggested that dependent intervention may be a strategy that needs urgent implementation to reduce long sleep duration among elderly people.
Plant‐based feed additives in Cyprinus carpio aquaculture
Authors: Kuebutornye Felix Kofi Agbeko , Roy Koushik , Folorunso Ewumi Azeez , Mraz Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpecies feeding lower at the food web like cyprinids (carp) are often advocated for sustainable aquaculture. However, their gastrointestinal biology (lack of stomach) has limited their acid‐peptic digestion, acid lysis of plants and invertebrate tissues, and phosphorus uptake. This review presents data from 118 articles on the use of plant‐based feed additives (PFAs) in Cyprinus carpio (common carp). Our review shows that most PFA research in carp is focused on improving feed and nutrient utilization efficiency along various levels (in vivo digestibility, metabolizability to in situ nutrient loading), while other half is focused on ensuring animal welfare standards (biomass, immunity, welfare). Several reviewed plant‐based additives however tend to do both. The PFAs include essential oils (EOs), plant‐part extracts (PPEs), medicinal plants (herbs) and spices. The effective inclusion rate of EOs is lower (0.5%–0.75%). Whereas PPEs, herbs and spices work at a generic inclusion rate of 2%–5% in carp feeds. Even at an optimum inclusion rate, there are factors controlling PFAs efficacy such as methods of preparation (reviewed). PFAs like lemon beebrush, geranium, dill, Rosemary pepper and common mallow with/without certain pre‐conditions are better to avoid in cyprinid diets. Although certain PFAs may potentially alter organoleptic qualities of carp flesh or might assist in training carp immunity, information on these aspects is limited. The review also provides a quick guide to researchers and feed companies interested in exploring the potential of PFAs in C. carpio aquaculture. Potential PFAs that could be valuable for cyprinids, but not yet explored are also listed.
Multi‐drug resistant and rifampin‐resistant tuberculosis in transplant recipients
Authors: Abad Cybele Lara R. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundManagement of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and rifampin‐resistant (RR) tuberculosis is challenging. Data on transplant recipients is limited. We reviewed published literature to examine treatment choices, outcomes, and adverse effects from MDR‐TB/RR‐TB treatment in transplant recipients.MethodsMultiple databases from inception to 12/2022 were reviewed using the keywords “drug‐resistant TB” or “drug‐resistant tuberculosis” or “multidrug‐resistant TB” or “multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis”. MDR‐TB was defined as resistance to isoniazid (H) and rifampin (R), and RR if resistant to rifampin alone. Cases without patient‐level data and reports which did not describe treatment and/or outcomes for MDR‐TB were excluded.ResultsA total of 12 patients (10 solid organ transplants and two hematopoietic cell transplants) were included. Of these, 11 were MDR‐TB and one was RR‐TB. Seven recipients were male. The median age was 41.5 (range 16–60) years. Pre‐transplant evaluation for the majority (8/12, 66.7%) did not reveal a prior history of TB or TB treatment, but 9/12 were from TB intermediate or high‐burden countries. Seven patients were initially treated with the quadruple first‐line anti‐TB regimen. Those who had early RR confirmation (5/12) via Xpert MTB/RIF assay were initiated on alternative therapies. Final regimens were individualized based on susceptibility profiles and tolerability. Adverse events were reported in seven recipients, including acute kidney injury (n = 3), cytopenias (n = 3), and jaundice (n = 2). Four recipients died, with two deaths attributable to TB. The remaining eight patients who survived had functioning allografts at the last follow‐up.ConclusionsMDR‐TB treatment in transplant recipients is associated with many complications. Xpert MTB/RIF detected RR early and guided early empiric therapy.
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Ammonia as an Aircraft Fuel: A Critical Assessment From Airport to Wake
Authors: Otto Marcel , Vesely Ladislav , Kapat Jayanta , Stoia Michael , Applegate Nicholas D. , Natsui Gregory 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Zero-emission aviation initiatives have mainly focused on using hydrogen or drop-in biofuels and sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) to replace fossil-based jet fuels to achieve near-term reductions in carbon emissions with minimal impacts on the global aircraft fleet and supporting infrastructure. Despite significant advances in the production of such fuels, scaling up manufacturing capability to be cost-competitive is an ongoing effort. This paper discusses ammonia as a near-zero-emission carrier of green hydrogen for aviation. Ammonia is proposed as a carrier of hydrogen fuel, a thermal sink for compressor intercooling, and cooling of cooling air, for NOx elimination, and for condensation of water vapor to reduce contrail formation. A two-pronged investigation is presented, where first, a holistic discussion on alternative fuels identifies ammonia as a suitable hydrogen carrier for aviation. Second, the implications and potentials of ammonia are discussed and analyzed at the airframe and engine system level. Stemming from the already established fertilizer industry, a robust supply chain for ammonia exists together with experience in handling large quantities of the fluid despite its higher toxicity compared to hydrogen and other alternative aviation fuels of the future. It is found that ammonia requires significantly less water than SAF in production, on par with hydrogen, at comparable life cycle emission levels. The feasibility of heat exchangers for compressor intercooling and turbine-cooled cooling air, enabled by ammonia’s non-coking properties, is demonstrated, and paves the way toward efficient zero-emission engine cores.