bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes on clinical and participatory outcomes in people with severe-to-profound hearing loss after cochlear implantation: protocol of a multicentre prospective observational cohort study – Societal Merit of Intervention on Hearing Loss Evaluation (SMILE)
Authors: Nijmeijer Hugo G B , Huinck Wendy J , Kramer Sophia E , Donders A Rogier T , van der Wilt Gert Jan , Mylanus Emmanuel A M 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionCochlear implantation (CI) is a (cost-)effective intervention for people with severe or profound hearing loss. Since its introduction experience increased and the technology evolved, leading to better results and relaxation of CI eligibility criteria. Meanwhile, with national healthcare costs increasing there is a need for evidence of healthcare technology’s value. This protocol describes a study to investigate clinical and participatory outcomes after CI for the currently (expanded) eligible hearing impaired population. The study adds to the current evidence base through its multicentre design, long-term follow-up and use of participatory outcomes alongside standard clinical outcomes.MethodsThis multicentre prospective observational cohort study will include at least 156 adult patients with severe-to-profound hearing loss, approximately evenly divided into two groups (1, ages 18–65 years and 2, age >65 years). The measurements consist of audiometry, cognition tests, listening effort tests and multiple generic and disease specific questionnaires. Questionnaires will be administered twice before CI, soon after inclusion at CI referral and shortly before CI surgery, with an annual follow-up of 3 years after CI. The Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire will be used to assess participation. Generalised models (linear, logistic, Poisson) will be used. Mixed effects models will be used to investigate changes over time while exploring differences in subgroups and the influence of covariates.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received ethical approval from the Medical Ethical Committee of all participating centres. The results could provide valuable insights into changes in participatory outcomes of people with severe-to-profound hearing loss after CI. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, scientific conferences and professional and patient organisation meetings.Trial registration numberNCT05525221.
Stakeholder-led understanding of the implementation of digital technologies within heart disease diagnosis: a qualitative study protocol
Authors: Abdullayev Kamilla , Chico Timothy JA , Manktelow Matthew , Buckley Oliver , Condell Joan , Van Arkel Richard J , Diaz Vanessa , Matcham Faith 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent among the UK population, and the quality of care is being reduced due to accessibility and resource issues. Increased implementation of digital technologies into the cardiovascular care pathway has enormous potential to lighten the load on the National Health Service (NHS), however, it is not possible to adopt this shift without embedding the perspectives of service users and clinicians.Methods and analysisA series of qualitative studies will be carried out with the aim of developing a stakeholder-led perspective on the implementation of digital technologies to improve holistic diagnosis of heart disease. This will be a decentralised study with all data collection being carried out online with a nationwide cohort. Four focus groups, each with 5–6 participants, will be carried out with people with lived experience of heart disease, and 10 one-to-one interviews will be carried out with clinicians with experience of diagnosing heart diseases. The data will be analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.Ethics and disseminationThis study received ethical approval from the Sciences and Technology Cross Research Council at the University of Sussex (reference ER/FM409/1). Participants will be required to provide informed consent via a Qualtrics survey before being accepted into the online interview or focus group. The findings will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications and to the study participants.
Impact of emotional competence on physicians’ clinical reasoning: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Joly Louise , Bardiau Marjorie , Nunes de Sousa Alexandra , Bayot Marie , Dory Valérie , Lenoir Anne-Laure 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionClinical reasoning (CR) is a key competence for physicians and a major source of damaging medical errors. Many strategies have been explored to improve CR quality, most of them based on knowledge enhancement, cognitive debiasing and the use of analytical reasoning. If increasing knowledge and fostering analytical reasoning have shown some positive results, the impact of debiasing is however mixed. Debiasing and promoting analytical reasoning have also been criticised for their lack of pragmatism. Alternative means of increasing CR quality are therefore still needed. Because emotions are known to influence the quality of reasoning in general, we hypothesised that emotional competence (EC) could improve physicians’ CR. EC refers to the ability to identify, understand, express, regulate and use emotions. The influence of EC on CR remains unclear. This article presents a scoping review protocol, the aim of which will be to describe the current state of knowledge concerning the influence of EC on physicians’ CR, the type of available literature and finally the different methods used to examine the link between EC and CR.Method and analysisThe population of interest is physicians and medical students. EC will be explored according to the model of Mikolajczaket al, describing five major components of EC (identify, understand, express, regulate and use emotions). The concept of CR will include terms related to its processes and outcomes. Context will include real or simulated clinical situations. The search for primary sources and reviews will be conducted in MEDLINE (via Ovid), Scopus and PsycINFO. The grey literature will be searched in the references of included articles and in OpenGrey. Study selection and data extraction will be conducted using the Covidence software. Search and inclusion results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review model (PRISMA-ScR).Ethics and disseminationThere are no ethical or safety concerns regarding this review.Registration detailsOSF Registration DOI:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GM7YD.
Patient engagement in the development and delivery of healthcare services: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Sagen Joachim Støren , Smedslund Geir , Simonsen Ann Elisabeth , Habberstad Andreas , Kjeken Ingvild , Dagfinrud Hanne , Moe Rikke Helene 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundPatient engagement (PE) is required to improve future healthcare services. PE in the development and delivery of healthcare services is likely to be complex but is scarcely described.ObjectivesThe objective of this scoping review was to summarise primary studies on mesolevel PE regarding structure, process and outcomes. More specifically, the aim was to explore barriers and facilitators to successful PE, how persons are engaged in the process and summarise reported consequences.MethodA systematic scoping review was conducted, searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and PsycINFO databases. Primary studies, published between 7 July 2005 and 4 October 2022, were considered for inclusion. Two reviewers extracted data about PE (eg, attributes of PE settings, facilitators and barriers, and outcomes to PE) and the first author coded the extracted data into structural, processual and outcome themes.ResultsOf 8588 identified records, 37 studies were eligible. Most of the included studies were conducted in Europe (n=19; 51%) and North America (n=13; 35%). Structures that ensure sufficient stakeholder representativeness and PE knowledge through education may facilitate the PE process further, regardless of the environmental setting. Interpersonal relationships with uneven power dynamics were reported as noteworthy processual barriers to meaningful PE, while clearly described roles and tasks were reported as important facilitators. In contrast to hard outcomes with operationalised PE effects, the most noteworthy outcomes of PE were reported as soft processual consequences such as patient representatives improving their self-esteem and feeling valued.ConclusionsUnfortunately, there is a dearth of studies exploring hard and operationalised PE outcomes on healthcare services and patients receiving healthcare. The PE process may be facilitated by dedicated finances to PE education and by ensuring sufficient stakeholder representativeness.
Comparison of mathematically arterialised venous blood gas sampling with arterial, capillary, and venous sampling in adult patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure: a single-centre longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Davies Michael Gordon , Wozniak Dariusz Rafal , Quinnell Timothy George , Palas Earl , George Susan , Huang Yingchang , Jayasekara Ruwanthi , Stoneman Victoria , Smith Ian Edward , Thomsen Lars Pilegaard , Rees Stephen Edward 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAccurate arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is essential in the management of patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure, but repeated sampling requires technical expertise and is painful. Missed sampling is common and has a negative impact on patient care. A newer venous to arterial conversion method (v-TAC, Roche) uses mathematical models of acid–base chemistry, a venous blood gas sample and peripheral blood oxygen saturation to calculate arterial acid–base status. It has the potential to replace routine ABG sampling for selected patient cohorts. The aim of this study was to compare v-TAC with ABG, capillary and venous sampling in a patient cohort referred to start non-invasive ventilation (NIV).MethodsRecruited patients underwent near simultaneous ABG, capillary blood gas (CBG) and venous blood gas (VBG) sampling at day 0, and up to two further occasions (day 1 NIV and discharge). The primary outcome was the reliability of v-TAC sampling compared with ABG, via Bland-Altman analysis, to identify respiratory failure (via PaCO2) and to detect changes in PaCO2in response to NIV. Secondary outcomes included agreements with pH, sampling success rates and pain.ResultsThe agreement between ABG and v-TAC/venous PaCO2was assessed for 119 matched sampling episodes and 105 between ABG and CBG. Close agreement was shown for v-TAC (mean difference (SD) 0.01 (0.5) kPa), but not for CBG (−0.75 (0.69) kPa) or VBG (+1.00 (0.90) kPa). Longitudinal data for 32 patients started on NIV showed the closest agreement for ABG and v-TAC (R2=0.61). v-TAC sampling had the highest first-time success rate (88%) and was less painful than arterial (p<0.0001).ConclusionMathematical arterialisation of venous samples was easier to obtain and less painful than ABG sampling. Results showed close agreement for PaCO2 and pH and tracked well longitudinally such that the v-TAC method could replace routine ABG testing to recognise and monitor patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure.Trial registration numberNCT04072848;www.clinicaltrials.gov
Tobacco companies, corporate social responsibility and the use of third-party awards: a framing analysis
Authors: Marshman Briony , Wolf Katharina , McCausland Kahlia , Daube Mike , Jancey Jonine 
Published: June 2023

Objective
Corporate social responsibility activities, such as third-party awards, provide an opportunity for tobacco companies (TCs) to promote themselves as socially, economically and environmentally responsible organisations. This study aimed to determine how TCs are using third-party awards to frame themselves and their core activities via company-controlled communication channels.

Methods
TC-owned media coverage promoting third-party awards was identified from company-owned media channels, including websites, reports, press releases and Twitter. Using framing theory and thematic analysis, frames and broader themes were identified using a process of inductive coding.

Results
TC-produced media content promoting third-party awards framed the companies as socially and environmentally responsible organisations, which excel at business and are innovative and transformative. Dominant frames identified included excellent workplace culture, championing diversity and inclusion and action on the environment.

Conclusion
TCs are capitalising on the perceived credibility and objectivity of third-party awards using these ‘honours’ as a promotional strategy to justify their continuing role in society and enhance their perceived legitimacy in relation to claims of ethical and responsible behaviour. The results of this study have implications for tobacco control advocacy, as continuing to allow the promotion of these awards appears to contravene or conflict with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
Electron impact excitation of Sn$$^{2+}$$
Authors: Umer Haadi , Bray Igor , Fursa Dmitry V. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The relativistic convergent close-coupling method is applied to calculate integrated cross sections for the electron-impact excitation of Sn$$^{2+}$$

2
+

. Cross sections have been calculated for excitations to all states in the 5s5p, $$5p^2$$

5

p
2

, 5s6s and 5s5d manifolds from the ground state for projectile electron energies ranging from 24 eV to 500 eV. The total discrete inelastic scattering cross section is also presented.

Graphical abstract
Testing of the siderophore deferoxamine amended in hydrogels for the cleaning of iron corrosion
Authors: Cuvillier Luana , Passaretti Arianna , Guilminot Elodie , Joseph Edith 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBioderived alternatives to commonly used complexing agents for the cleaning of iron artworks are sought for their natural origin and better biodegradability. Indeed, complexing agents currently used for the removal of undesired corrosion products from iron artworks can be difficult to control and their environmental impact is often overlooked. This paper studies the use of siderophores, focusing on the ability of one of them, deferoxamine, to be employed as an active agent loaded in polysaccharides hydrogels, on corrosion phases. Preliminary tests were conducted on artificially aged steel samples and further studies were performed on naturally corroded steel to assess the most performing application parameters. Long-term behavior of cleaned surface was assessed. Cleaning outcomes were compared with those obtainable with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid using optical microscopy, colorimetry and atomic absorption spectroscopy as well as Infrared and Raman micro-spectroscopies. Among the different gelling agents evaluated, agar applied when hot and gellan gum prepared at room temperature were the most effective gel formulations and agar left few residues over the treated surfaces. The protocol was then tested on altered steel artifacts belonging to heritage institutions in France. Encouraging outcomes in the removal of iron corrosion phases with green approaches are here presented.
Graphical abstract
Minimizing Maximum Unmet Demand by Transportations Between Adjacent Nodes Characterized by Supplies and Demands
Authors: Asano Tetsuo 
Published: June 2023

Suppose we are given a graph with nodes characterized by amounts of supplies and demands of multiple commodities. The amounts of commodities stored at nodes (supplies) are given by positive numbers while those of demands at nodes are given by negative numbers. To meet demands we send commodities from nodes to neighbors by using vehicles, one at each node, with some loading capacity moving to and from neighbors. In this paper we adopt a one-way transportation model in which we just send commodities from a node to one of its neighbors along an edge. When we choose one neighbor at each node, we have a set of trips which naturally define a graph such that each connected component has at most one cycle, which is known as a pseudoforest. We present a linear-time algorithm for deciding whether there is a set of trips that meet all demands using one-way multi-commodity transportations on a pseudoforest with node degrees bounded by a constant. Using the algorithm, we first present an efficient algorithm for finding an optimal set of one-way one-commodity trips that minimize the maximum unmet demand on a pseudoforest, and then extend the idea to a multi-commodity problem on a pseudoforest with node degrees bounded by a constant.
The Design Space of Kirchhoff Rods
Authors: Hafner Christian , Bickel Bernd 
Published: June 2023

The Kirchhoff rod model describes the bending and twisting of slender elastic rods in three dimensions and has been widely studied to enable the prediction of how a rod will deform, given its geometry and boundary conditions. In this work, we study a number of inverse problems with the goal of computing the geometry of a straight rod that will automatically deform to match a curved target shape after attaching its endpoints to a support structure. Our solution lets us finely control the static equilibrium state of a rod by varying the cross-sectional profiles along its length.
We also show that the set of physically realizable equilibrium states admits a concise geometric description in terms of linear line complexes, which leads to very efficient computational design algorithms. Implemented in an interactive software tool, they allow us to convert three-dimensional hand-drawn spline curves to elastic rods and give feedback about the feasibility and practicality of a design in real time. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method by designing and manufacturing several physical prototypes with applications to interior design and soft robotics.
Network Monitoring on Multi-Pipe Switches
Authors: Chiesa Marco , Verdi Fábio L. 
Published: June 2023

Programmable switches have been widely used to design network monitoring solutions that operate in the fast data-plane level, e.g., detecting heavy hitters, super-spreaders, computing flow size distributions and their entropy. Existing works assume packets access the same memory region in a switch. However, high-speed ASIC switches deploy multiple packet processing pipes, each equipped with its own independent memory.
In this work, we first quantify the accuracy degradation due to splitting a monitoring data structure across multiple pipes (e.g., up to 3000x worse flow-size estimation average error). We then present PipeCache, a system that adapts existing data-plane mechanisms to multi-pipe switches by storing monitoring information for a traffic class into a single pipe. PipeCache stores monitoring information into a cache and piggybacks this information onto existing data packets to the correct pipe. Our implementation shows a 2-20x memory reduction to achieve an accuracy similar to single-pipe deployments.
On the Stochastic and Asymptotic Improvement of First-Come First-Served and Nudge Scheduling
Authors: Van Houdt Benny 
Published: June 2023

Recently it was shown that, contrary to expectations, the First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) scheduling algorithm can be stochastically improved upon by a scheduling algorithm called Nudge for light-tailed job size distributions. Nudge partitions jobs into 4 types based on their size, say small, medium, large and huge jobs. Nudge operates identical to FCFS, except that whenever a small job arrives that finds a large job waiting at the back of the queue, Nudge swaps the small job with the large one unless the large job was already involved in an earlier swap.
In this paper, we show that FCFS can be stochastically improved upon under far weaker conditions. We consider a system with 2 job types and limited swapping between type-1 and type-2 jobs, but where a type-1 job is not necessarily smaller than a type-2 job. More specifically, we introduce and study the Nudge-K scheduling algorithm which allows type-1 jobs to be swapped with up to K type-2 jobs waiting at the back of the queue, while type-2 jobs can be involved in at most one swap. We present an explicit expression for the response time distribution under Nudge-K when both job types follow a phase-type distribution. Regarding the asymptotic tail improvement ratio (ATIR), we derive a simple expression for the ATIR, as well as for the K that maximizes the ATIR. We show that the ATIR is positive and the optimal K tends to infinity in heavy traffic as long as the type-2 jobs are on average longer than the type-1 jobs.
Streaming Algorithms for Constrained Submodular Maximization
Authors: Cui Shuang , Han Kai , Tang Jing , Huang He , Li Xueying , Li Zhiyu 
Published: June 2023

Due to the pervasive "diminishing returns" property appeared in data-intensive applications, submodular maximization problems have aroused great attention from both the machine learning community and the computation theory community. During the last decades, a lot of algorithms have been proposed for submodular maximization subject to various constraints [4, 6, 8], and these algorithms can be used in numerous applications including sensor placement [9], clustering [5], network design [13], and so on.
The existing algorithms for submodular maximization can be roughly classified into offline algorithms and streaming algorithms; the former assume full access to the whole dataset at any time (e.g.,[4, 10]), while the latter only require an amount of space which is nearly linear in the maximum size of a feasible solution (e.g., [1, 7]). Apparently, streaming algorithms are more useful in big data applications, as the whole data set is usually too large to be fit into memory in practice. However, compared to the offline algorithms, the existing streaming algorithms for submodular maximization generally have weaker capabilities in that they handle more limited problem constraints or achieve weaker performance bounds, due to the more stringent requirements under the streaming setting. Another classification of the existing algorithms is that they concentrate on either monotone or non-monotone submodular functions. As monotone submodular function is a special case of non-monotone submodular function, we will concentrate on non-monotone submodular maximization in this paper.
Can 18-Month-Olds Revise Attributed Beliefs?
Authors: Király Ildikó , Oláh Katalin , Kovács Ágnes M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Successful social interactions rely on flexibly tracking and revising others’ beliefs. These can be revised prospectively, new events leading to new beliefs, or retrospectively, when realizing that an attribution may have been incorrect. However, whether infants are capable of such belief revisions is an open question. We tested whether 18-month-olds can revise an attributed FB into a TB when they learn that a person may have witnessed an event that they initially thought she could not see. Infants first observed Experimenter 1 (E1) hiding two objects into two boxes. Then E1 left the room, and the locations of the objects were swapped. Infants then accompanied Experimenter 2 (E2) to the adjacent room. In the FB-revised-to-TB condition, infants observed E1 peeking into the experimental room through a one-way mirror, whereas in the FB-stays-FB condition, they observed E1 reading a book. After returning to the experimental room E1 requested an object by pointing to one of the boxes. In the FB-stays-FB condition, most infants chose the non-referred box, congruently with the agent’s FB. However, in the FB-revised-to-TB condition, most infants chose the other, referred box. Thus, 18-month-olds revised an already attributed FB after receiving evidence that this attribution might have been wrong.