bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation and experimental research on cracking mechanism of twin-roll strip casting
Authors: Lv Zheng , Yang Zhou-Yi , Zhang Jian-Yu , Li Xue-Tong , Ji Peng , Zhou Qian , Zhang Xi-Liang , Shi Yin-Dong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Based on the three-dimensional field of molten pool and twin-roll strip casting experiments, this work verified the cracking mechanism of the strip by establishing mathematical model and rolling experiments. The results showed that due to the instability of the thermophysical field of the molten pool and the inconsistency of kiss curve height, the newly solidified strip will undergo incompatible deformation through the rolling. The stress concentration will appear around the large reduction area and then form slip bands. When plastic strain exceeds the limit of the metal, the oblique cracks will appear in the slip bands periodically or completely penetrate the strip. In addition, tensile cracks could also be produced by incompatible deformation. Therefore, keeping the uniformity and stability of the thermal physical field in molten pool is the key factor to restrain cracks.
Investigating system performance in 16 channel WDM network at minimum attenuation window for pre-defined input noise level
Authors: Debnath Pampa , Mondal Ujjwal , Deyasi Arpan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Input and output optical signal-to-noise ratio in 16-channel WDM network are investigated for predefined input noise level when design is set at minimum attenuation window. By keeping the input OSNR constant, gain and noise figure are computed along with SNR at both transmitting and receiving terminals for two different data rates and also with short-to-long range of trans-receiver distance. Corresponding variations of all the network properties, i.e., maximum Q-factor, eye height and noise figure are measured for estimation of performance degradation. Optimization in terms of both bit rate and channel distance is required, as evident from simulation result, for best possible system performance. Setting up of input noise level at 20 dBm indicates the fact of real-time compatibility with optimum value of output OSNR is revealed at a particular distance, which suggests the best result for communication system design.
Croatian (mor)phonotactic word-medial consonant clusters in the early lexicon
Authors: Kelić Maja , Matić Škorić Ana , Palmović Marijan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study investigates the emergence of (mor)phonological consonant clusters in L1 acquisition. Following the Strong Morphonotactic Hypothesis (SMH), distribution and preferability of word-medial consonant clusters in the corpus of three children acquiring Croatian were explored. VCCV and VCCCV clusters were extracted from the Croatian Corpus of Child Language. Subsequently, all word-medial clusters were tagged as exclusively phonotactic, exclusively morphonotactic, and ones that occurred in both contexts. The results partially corroborated SMH, strengthening the premise that morphological richness of a language moderates the interaction between morphology and phonology in early language acquisition. The data showed a clear predominance of morphonotactic clusters in one out of three subcorpus. Developmentally, an increase in all three cluster types was observed and generally all clusters were predominantly less preferred. Early emerging phonotactic clusters appeared to be mostly preferred, while the first morphonotactic clusters comprised less preferred combinations, with a gradual increase in preferability. Individual differences in cluster distribution and preferability blurred the role of the importance of morphonotactic information in L1 acquisition, suggesting that children employ different paths to acquire a language, but also suggesting that further exploration of this hypothesis in different languages and using different approaches is needed.
Maximizing Strength: The Stimuli and Mediators of Strength Gains and Their Application to Training and Rehabilitation
Authors: Spiering Barry A. , Clark Brian C. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Foulis Stephen A. , Pasiakos Stefan M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spiering, BA, Clark, BC, Schoenfeld, BJ, Foulis, SA, and Pasiakos, SM. Maximizing strength: the stimuli and mediators of strength gains and their application to training and rehabilitation. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2022—Traditional heavy resistance exercise (RE) training increases maximal strength, a valuable adaptation in many situations. That stated, some populations seek new opportunities for pushing the upper limits of strength gains (e.g., athletes and military personnel). Alternatively, other populations strive to increase or maintain strength but cannot perform heavy RE (e.g., during at-home exercise, during deployment, or after injury or illness). Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to (a) identify the known stimuli that trigger gains in strength; (b) identify the known factors that mediate the long-term effectiveness of these stimuli; (c) discuss (and in some cases, speculate on) potential opportunities for maximizing strength gains beyond current limits; and (d) discuss practical applications for increasing or maintaining strength when traditional heavy RE cannot be performed. First, by conceptually deconstructing traditional heavy RE, we identify that strength gains are stimulated through a sequence of events, namely: giving maximal mental effort, leading to maximal neural activation of muscle to produce forceful contractions, involving lifting and lowering movements, training through a full range of motion, and (potentially) inducing muscular metabolic stress. Second, we identify factors that mediate the long-term effectiveness of these RE stimuli, namely: optimizing the dose of RE within a session, beginning each set of RE in a minimally fatigued state, optimizing recovery between training sessions, and (potentially) periodizing the training stimulus over time. Equipped with these insights, we identify potential opportunities for further maximizing strength gains. Finally, we identify opportunities for increasing or maintaining strength when traditional heavy RE cannot be performed.
Radiological features of aspergillomas and surrounding areas after pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Jiayi Chen , Jia Chen , Dong Zhang , Li Chai 
Published: December 2022

Objectives:
Although pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) may be effectively treated, destruction of the lung parenchyma can lead to recurrent infections including aspergilloma. Hemoptysis is a serious complication of aspergilloma. However, the relationship between aspergillomas and surrounding areas after TB has not been comprehensively investigated. Herein, CT scans were used as the primary method of investigation.

Methods:
A retrospective study on patients with aspergilloma was performed. Twenty patients with prior tuberculosis infections were compared with 27 individuals who had never been infected with tuberculosis. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for direct comparison of aspergilloma volume and cavity thickness between the TB group and the non-TB group. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare aspergilloma calcification and location; perilesional ground-glass opacity (GGO), calcification, and bronchiectasis; and pleural thickening between groups. To facilitate the localization of aspergilloma, the apical and posterior segments of the upper lobe or the superior segment of the lower lobe were defined as “the golden area.”

Results:
A total of 76.60% patients (36/47) had a history of hemoptysis, and 13.89% (5/36) had previously experienced severe hemoptysis. Patients who had hemoptysis-associated events were significantly more likely to have considerable perilesional GGO around the aspergilloma than those who did not experience such events (77.78% vs 36.36%, P=.027). In the TB group, all aspergillomas were situated in “the golden area” (100.00% vs 77.78%, P=.031). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in aspergilloma amount or volume, or the thickness of the cavity between groups (P >.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between groups regarding aspergilloma calcification, perilesional GGO, perilesional calcification, perilesional bronchiectasis, or pleural thickening (P >.05).

Conclusions:
Hemoptysis caused by aspergilloma is frequently encountered in clinical settings, and the presence of perilesional GGO on CT images is strongly suggestive of hemoptysis. Patients with prior tuberculosis often have aspergillomas located in “the golden area.” Images obtained from CT scans may be used to guide therapy.
Sensor NLR immune proteins activate oligomerization of their NRC helpers in response to plant pathogens
Authors: Contreras Mauricio P , Pai Hsuan , Tumtas Yasin , Duggan Cian , Yuen Enoch Lok Him , Cruces Angel Vergara , Kourelis Jiorgos , Ahn Hee‐Kyung , Lee Kim‐Teng , Wu Chih‐Hang , Bozkurt Tolga O , Derevnina Lida , Kamoun Sophien 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors are important components of plant and metazoan innate immunity that can function as individual units or as pairs or networks. Upon activation, NLRs form multiprotein complexes termed resistosomes or inflammasomes. Although metazoan paired NLRs, such as NAIP/NLRC4, form hetero‐complexes upon activation, the molecular mechanisms underpinning activation of plant paired NLRs, especially whether they associate in resistosome hetero‐complexes, is unknown. In asterid plant species, the NLR required for cell death (NRC) immune receptor network is composed of multiple resistance protein sensors and downstream helpers that confer immunity against diverse plant pathogens. Here, we show that pathogen effector‐activation of the NLR proteins Rx (confers virus resistance), and Bs2 (confers bacterial resistance) leads to oligomerization of their helper NLR, NRC2. Activated Rx does not oligomerize or enter into a stable complex with the NRC2 oligomer and remains cytoplasmic. In contrast, activated NRC2 oligomers accumulate in membrane‐associated puncta. We propose an activation‐and‐release model for NLRs in the NRC immune receptor network. This points to a distinct activation model compared with mammalian paired NLRs.
Poles’ Attitudes to the Concept of Whistleblowing. Historical and Present Background
Authors: Kun-Buczko Magdalena 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The issue of whistleblowers is one of great interest and controversy because of EU Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law. While the English meaning of “whistleblowing” is inherently positive and not associated with anything negative, the Polish translation of the word, “sygnalista”, often does not evoke positive associations. Blowing the whistle versus snitching are two types of activity and it is important to understand the essence of these terms. Unfortunately, the linguistic connotations indicate that Poles do not always read the proper intentions when hearing the word “whistleblower”. Whistleblowing is often seen in Poland as a reprehensible activity, and whistleblowers are usually referred to as denouncers. The meaning of the word “whistleblower” in Poland is rather pejorative. European history, experienced through Nazi practices, the spying age of the Cold War and invigilation by the Soviet Union, has developed firmly established hostility against so-called informers. That is why it is so difficult to attain a level of positive understanding of the meaning of this word in Poland. The current realities of operating an organization, regardless of its legal nature, force it to conform to certain standards. These standards, arising either from legal norms or good practice, form the so-called compliance system. Regulations on whistleblowing are inevitably part of it.
ENGLISH STUDENT-TEACHER AWARENESS OF DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION (DI) IMPLEMENTATION IN CLASSROOM
Authors: Rahmani Eka Fajar , Riyanti Dwi 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to examine the understanding of English Education Department student-teachers on the use of differentiated instruction (DI) in the classroom. There were 80 student-teachers, 20 (25%) male and 60 (75%) female. The data were collected primarily through a 31-item questionnaire with four scales ranging from "not important" to "very important." The questionnaire responses were analyzed to determine the amount of DI awareness and importance. The data underwent descriptive analysis (statistical analysis) by comparing the mean score (M) and standard deviation (SD) of each item for the level of awareness and by calculating percentages for the level of importance. The results indicated that the student-teachers awareness of DI implementation ranges from "high" with the lowest score of 2.06 (2.06>2.01-3.00) to "very high" with the highest score of 3.71 (3.71>3.01-4.00). Consequently, the level of importance concurred with or supported the awareness result that the participants regarded DI to be important, ranging from "somewhat important" (49.40%) to "very important" (88.39%). These findings suggest good implications for the pedagogical element of student-teacher knowledge of DI implementation in the classroom. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi kesadaran mahasiswa PLP Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris tentang penerapan pembelajaran berdifferensiasi (DI) di kelas. Ada 80 mahasiswa PLP, 20 (25%) laki-laki dan 60 (75%) perempuan. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dengan empat skala mulai dari "not implotant" hingga "strongly important" yang berjumlah 31 item. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif analisis (analisis statistik) dengan membandingkan nilai rata-rata (M) dan standar deviasi (SD) masing-masing item untuk tingkat kesadaran dan dengan menghitung persentase untuk tingkat kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran mahasiswa PLP terhadap penerapan DI berkisar antara "tinggi" dengan skor terendah 2,06 (2,06>2,01-3,00) hingga "sangat tinggi" dengan skor tertinggi 3,71 (3,71>3,01-4,00). Hasil tersebut sejalan dengan hasil tingkat kepentingan bahwa peserta menganggap DI penting, mulai dari "agak penting" (49,40%) hingga "sangat penting" (88,39%). Temuan ini menunjukkan implikasi yang baik untuk elemen pedagogis pengetahuan mahasiswa PLP implementasi DI di kelas. How to Cite: Rahmani, Eka F., Riyanti, D. (2022). English Student-Teacher Awareness of Differentiated Instruction (DI) Implementation in Classroom. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 192-210. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2.28505
ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING CONSTRUCTION OF EFL WRITING CLASS THROUGH DECLARATIVE SPEECH ACTS APPROACH
Authors: Nasihah Durotun , Elfiyanto Sonny 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how Indonesian undergraduate EFL students construct argumentative essays through critical discussion using Declarative speech acts and pragmatic approaches. This study employed a qualitative research method. The data consist of argumentative essays authored by undergraduate students majoring in English at a private university in Indonesia (N=34). Students worked in pairs to discuss a controversial topic, separated into protagonist and antagonist groups. The analysis showed that students used four steps of argumentation: confrontation, opening, argumentation, and conclusion. Most students used confrontation and opening stages in the introduction, argumentation stage in developing a paragraph, and end with a conclusion. To understand the purpose of argumentation, the students used four types of speech acts, which have different functions: assertive, commissive, declarative, and directive speeches. Implementing the declarative speech acts theory helps the students comprehend argumentative writing and trains them to have good critical thinking in resolving different opinions. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana siswa EFL Indonesia menuliskan esai argumentatif melalui diskusi kritis dengan menggunakan pendekatan pragma-dialektika Van Eemeren dan Grootendorst (1970) dan pragmatis Searle (1969). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data berasal dari esai argumentatif semester ketiga yang ditulis oleh mahasiswa Indonesia di jurusan bahasa Inggris. Tiga puluh empat siswa di kelas menulis mendiskusikan topik yang berbeda. Siswa bekerja berpasangan untuk mendiskusikan topik kontroversial, dipisahkan menjadi kelompok protagonis dan antagonis. Analisis mengklaim bahwa siswa menggunakan empat langkah argumentasi: konfrontasi, pembukaan, argumentasi, dan kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sebagian besar siswa menggunakan tahap konfrontasi dan pembukaan dalam pendahuluan, tahap argumentasi dalam mengembangkan paragraf, dan diakhiri dengan kesimpulan. Untuk mengetahui tujuan penggunaan argumentasi, siswa menggunakan empat tindak tutur, yang memiliki fungsi berbeda: asertif, komisif, deklaratif, dan direktif. Menerapkan teori pragma-dialektika membantu siswa memahami tulisan argumentatif dan melatih mereka untuk memiliki pemikiran kritis yang baik dalam menyelesaikan pendapat yang berbeda.How to Cite: Nasihah, D., Elfiyanto, S. (2022). Argumentative Writing Construction of EFL Writing Class Through Declarative Speech Acts Approach. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 192-210. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2.28522
Quality Improvement Initiative to Improve Timing of Enteral Feeds in Pediatric Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Templeton Kate , Chan Yuen Jenny , Lenz Caitlin , Mann Alison R. , Friedler Haley S. , Yim Ramy , Alfieri Maria , Starmer Amy J. , Grover Amit S. 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND
Acute pancreatitis (AP) represents a significant disease burden in the pediatric population. The management of AP includes fluid resuscitation, pain management, and early enteral feeds. Contrary to old dogma, early enteral feeding has been shown to improve outcomes and reduce hospital length of stay (LOS), yet uptake of this approach has not been standardized. Our aim was to standardize the management of AP, increasing the percentage of patients receiving early enteral nutrition from 40% to 65% within 12 months.

METHODS
Between January 2013 and September 2021, we conducted a quality improvement initiative among patients hospitalized with AP. Interventions included the development of a clinical care pathway, integration of an AP order set, and physician education. Our primary outcome was the percentage of patients receiving enteral nutrition within 48 hours of admission, and our secondary outcome was hospital LOS. Balancing measures included hospital readmission rates.

RESULTS
A total of 652 patients were admitted for AP during the project, of which 322 (49%) were included after pathway implementation. Before pathway development, the percentage of patients receiving early enteral nutrition was 40%, which increased significantly to 84% after our interventions. This improvement remained stable. Median LOS decreased significantly from 5.5 to 4 days during this timeframe. Our balancing measure of readmission rates did not change during the project period.

CONCLUSIONS
Through multiple interventions, including the implementation of an AP clinical pathway, we significantly increased the proportion of patients receiving early enteral nutrition and decreased hospital LOS without increasing hospital readmission rates.
The Characteristics of Cryptocurrency Market Volatility: Empirical Study For Five Cryptocurrency
Authors: İSABETLİ FİDAN İlayda , GÜZ Tuğba 
Published: December 2022

In recent years, digital innovations especially emerged depend on Blockchain technology have caused a substantial transformation in the finance sector as in other sectors. Different financial assets have been revealed and began to be used as an investment tool along with this transformation in the markets. Cryptocurrencies that have a digital structure hold an important place among these assets. Dramatically increases in the daily transaction volume of currencies in the market have brought along different types of risks. These risks raised uncertainty on these currencies. Moreover, because cryptocurrencies are mostly used for the purpose of investment and speculation, it is important to understand the volatility movements and co-movements of cryptocurrencies and is substantially important, particularly because volatility can influence investment decisions.
This study aims to determine the volatility transmission between cryptocurrencies to find useful answers about the volatility and the efficiency of markets. Daily logarithmic return series between 18 January 2018 – 14 February 2021 were used to analyze the volatility of five of the most common cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Litecoin (LTC), Ripple (XRP), IOTA by applying the RALS-ADF test, EGARCH, and DCC-GARCH models. We determined whether the market is efficient or not, and tested the existence of the asymmetric effect and volatility transmission in the market. According to our results, volatility shocks are not obtained persistent for only BTC. Furthermore, the presence of asymmetric effects and leverage effect valid for four cryptocurrencies. While asymmetric effects observed for BTC, no leverage effect has been observed during the period. We also analyzed nine pair-wise cryptocurrencies applying the DCC-GARCH model and we found that dynamic conditional correlation coefficients are statistically significant and positive for each pair.
LARGE-SCALE SCREENING FOR SARS-COV-2 INFECTION IN ENT PATIENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Szkutnik Katarzyna , Ratajczyk-Socha Natalia , Olszewski Jurek 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionBased of the authors’ own material, the results of screening tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection were analysed in ENT patients scheduled for a diagnostic procedure or elective surgery in our hospital during 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.Material and methodsThe study was carried out on 546 women, aged 18–94 years and 696 men, aged 18–87 years, who were scheduled for hospitalisation between 1 May 2020 and 28 February 2021. PCR and antigen tests for the SARS-CoV-2 virus were performed in all patients. A negative result was a prerequisite for admission in order to undergo a diagnostic procedure or surgery.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 virus testing was performed in 1242 patients, 44% of whom were female and 56% male. In terms of age distribution, the peak for women was either 51–60 years (7.3%) or 61–70 years (10.5%), while for males the peak age was lower, at 18–30 years (10.5%) or
31–40 years (12.1%). In each month, a similar number of tests were performed, which was related to our contract with the Polish National
Health Fund. To allow for a patient scheduled for a procedure being COVID-19 positive and unable to attend, the department asked us to qualify more patients for surgery in each week so as to keep up the standard number of surgical treatments. Our data showed that 1.5% of women and 2.5% of men became COVID-19 positive. The number of infected patients increased gradually from October 2020 to January 2021, related to an increase in morbidity.ConclusionsOf the 1242 patients, 236 (19.0%) women and 231 (18.6%) men were scheduled for a diagnostic procedure, while 310 (25.0%) women and 465 (37.4%) men were tested for elective surgery. Screening tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection in all these patients allowed us to
disqualify patients from hospitalization if they had a positive result, thereby limiting the transmission of the virus while allowing us to fulfill our contract.