bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Einstein-de Haas effect in an Fe15 cluster
Authors: Wells T , Foulkes W M C , Dudarev S L , Horsfield A P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Classical models of spin-lattice coupling are at present unable to accurately reproduce results for numerous properties of ferromagnetic materials, such as heat transport coefficients or the sudden collapse of the magnetic moment in hcp-Fe under pressure. This inability has been attributed to the absence of a proper treatment of effects that are inherently quantum mechanical in nature, notably spin–orbit coupling (SOC). This paper introduces a time-dependent, non-collinear tight binding model, complete with SOC and vector Stoner exchange terms, that is capable of simulating the Einstein-de Haas (EdH) effect in a ferromagnetic Fe15 cluster. The tight binding model is used to investigate the adiabaticity timescales that determine the response of the orbital and spin angular momenta to a rotating, externally applied B field, and we show that the qualitative behaviors of our simulations can be extrapolated to realistic timescales by use of the adiabatic theorem. An analysis of the trends in the torque contributions with respect to the field strength demonstrates that SOC is necessary to observe a transfer of angular momentum from the electrons to the nuclei at experimentally realistic B fields. The simulations presented in this paper demonstrate the EdH effect from first principles using a Fe cluster.
Magnetization reversal of [Co/Pd] perpendicular magnetic thin film dot on (Bi,La)(Fe,Co)O3multiferroic thin film by applying electric field
Authors: Yoshimura Satoru , Oshita Naoya , Egawa Genta , Kuppan Munusamy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA multilayer structure with a high-quality (Bi,La)(Fe,Co)O3multiferroic thin film/[Co/Pd] perpendicular magnetic thin film dots was fabricated for demonstrating magnetization reversal of [Co/Pd] dots under an applied electric field. Although the magnetization direction of the multiferroic thin film was reversed under the electric field, the magnetic properties of the multiferroic thin films were generally low. If the multiferroic thin film in this structure can control the magnetization direction of the highly functional magnetic thin film under an electric field, high-performance magnetic devices with low power consumption are easily obtained. The magnetic domain structure of the [Co/Pd] dots fabricated on the (Bi,La)(Fe,Co)O3thin film was analyzed by magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The structure was de-magnetized before the local electric-field application and magnetized after applying the field, showing reduced magnetic contrast of the dot. The line profile of the MFM image revealed a downward magnetic moment of 75%, which reversed to upward under the local electric field. Magnetic interaction between the (Bi,La)(Fe,Co)O3and [Co/Pd] layers was also observed in magnetization hysteresis measurements. These results indicate that the magnetization direction of the [Co/Pd] dots was transferred through the magnetization reversal of the (Bi,La)(Fe,Co)O3layer under a local electric field. That is, the magnetization of [Co/Pd] dots were reversed by applying a local electric field to the multilayer structure. This demonstration can potentially realize high-performance magnetic devices such as large capacity memory with low power consumption.
Oxygen evolution reaction on MoS2/C rods—robust and highly active electrocatalyst
Authors: Wenelska Karolina , Dymerska Anna , Mijowska Ewa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recently, water oxidation or oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrocatalysis has attracted huge attention due to its prime role in water splitting, rechargeable metal–air batteries, and fuel cells. Here, we demonstrate a facile and scalable fabrication method of a rod-like structure composed of molybdenum disulfide and carbon (MoS2/C) from parent 2D MoS2. This novel composite, induced via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, exhibits superior oxygen evolution performance (overpotential = 132 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope = 55.6 mV dec−1) in an alkaline medium. Additionally, stability tests of the obtained structures at 10 mA cm−2 during 10 h followed by 20 mA cm−2 during 5 h and 50 mA cm−2 during 2.5 h have been performed and clearly prove that MoS2/C can be successfully used as robust noble-metal-free electrocatalysts. The promoted activity of the rods is ascribed to the abundance of active surface (ECSA) of the catalyst induced due to the curvature effect during the reshaping of the composite from 2D precursor (MoS2) in the CVD process. Moreover, the presence of Fe species contributes to the observed excellent OER performance. FeOOH, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4 are known to possess favorable electrocatalytic properties, including high catalytic activity and stability, which facilitate the electrocatalytic reaction. Additionally, Fe-based species like Fe7C3 and FeMo2S5 offer synergistic effects with MoS2, leading to improved catalytic activity and durability due to their unique electronic structure and surface properties. Additionally, turnover frequency (TOF) (58 1/s at the current density of 10 mA cm−2), as a direct indicator of intrinsic activity, indicates the efficiency of this catalyst in OER. Based on ex situ analyzes (XPS, XRD, Raman) of the electrocatalyst the possible reaction mechanism is explored and discussed in great detail showing that MoS2, carbon, and iron oxide are the main active species of the reaction.
Monte Carlo simulation for proton dosimetry in magnetic fields: Fano test and magnetic field correction factors k
B for Farmer-type ionization chambers
Authors: Marot M , Jäger F , Greilich S , Karger C P , Jäkel O , Burigo L N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. In this contribution we present a special Fano test for charged particles in presence of magnetic fields in the MC code TOol for PArticle Simulation (TOPAS), as well as the determination of magnetic field correction factors k
B for Farmer-type ionization chambers using proton beams. Approach. Customized C++ extensions for TOPAS were implemented to model the special Fano tests in presence of magnetic fields for electrons and protons. The Geant4-specific transport parameters, DRoverR and finalRange, were investigated to optimize passing rate and computation time. The k
B was determined for the Farmer-type PTW 30013 ionization chamber, and 5 custom built ionization chambers with same geometry but varying inner radius, testing magnetic flux density ranging from 0 to 1.0 T and two proton beam energies of 157.43 and 221.05 MeV. Main results. Using the investigated parameters, TOPAS passed the Fano test within 0.39 ± 0.15% and 0.82 ± 0.42%, respectively for electrons and protons. The chamber response (k
B,M,Q) gives a maximum at different magnetic flux densities depending of the chamber size, 1.0043 at 1.0 T for the smallest chamber and 1.0051 at 0.2 T for the largest chamber. The local dose difference c
B remained ≤ 0.1% for both tested energies. The magnetic field correction factor k
B, for the chamber PTW 30013, varied from 0.9946 to 1.0036 for both tested energies. Significance. The developed extension for the special Fano test in TOPAS MC code with the adjusted transport parameters, can accurately transport electron and proton particles in magnetic field. This makes TOPAS a valuable tool for the determination of k
B. The ionization chambers we tested showed that k
B remains small (≤0.72%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first calculations of k
B for proton beams. This work represents a significant step forward in the development of MRgPT and protocols for proton dosimetry in presence of magnetic field.
Light impurities: equilibrium, transport and density profiles in tokamak and stellarator plasmas
Authors: Shurygin V A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The density profiles of light impurities observed in recent decades in a relatively wide variety of experiments on tokamaks and stellarators are analyzed and modeled based on the concept of self-consistent equilibrium and transport of impurity charge states (Shurygin 2020 Nuclear Fusion
60 046001). The emphasis is on the formation of charge-radial equilibrium and its invariant properties affecting transport and density profile. The impurity invariant equilibrium arises due to random compatible charge-radial variations, linking the impurity motion into a general ergodic (Markovian) process governed by a matrix of final probabilities. More than 60 profiles of helium, boron and carbon with central accumulation, flat and hollow were accurately reproduced by invariant dimensionless transport functions. It is shown that the leading processes determining the formation of impurity invariant density profiles in stationary plasma are the processes of ionization-recombination, and not the transport of particles. Successive variations in the hollow density profiles of helium, boron, and carbon observed in experiments can be described as successive invariant profile changes in the recombination rate profiles. The invariant particle diffusive-convective profiles can be calculated directly from the impurity density profiles. A general empirical formula for equilibrium constant of light impurities was proposed.
Homogeneous electron liquid in arbitrary dimensions beyond the random phase approximation
Authors: Duc Pham L V , Sattler Pascal , Marques Miguel A L , Benavides-Riveros Carlos L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The homogeneous electron liquid is a cornerstone in quantum physics and chemistry. It is an archetypal system in the regime of slowly varying densities in which the exchange-correlation energy can be estimated with many methods. For high densities, the behavior of the ground-state energy is well-known for 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. Here, we extend this model to arbitrary integer dimensions and compute its correlation energy beyond the random phase approximation (RPA). We employ the approach developed by Singwi, Tosi, Land, and Sjölander (STLS), whose description of the electronic density response for 2D and 3D for metallic densities is known to be comparable to Quantum Monte-Carlo. For higher dimensions, we compare the results obtained for the correlation energy with the values previously obtained using RPA. We find that in agreement with what is known for 2 and 3 dimensions, the RPA tends to over-correlate the liquid also at higher dimensions. We furthermore provide new analytical formulae for the unconventional-dimensional case both for the real and imaginary parts of the Lindhard polarizability and for the local field correction of the STLS theory, and illustrate the importance of the plasmon contribution at those high dimensions.
Anisotropic photocurrent response at MnBi2Te4-metal interface
Authors: Zhang Xiaolan , Zheng Jingchuan , Ma Junchao , Song Yuxin , Zhang Xin , Liu Qinghang , Wang Linghan , Xiao Peiyao , Li Yongkai , Wang Zhiwei , Xiao Wende , Duan Junxi , Cao Zhaolong , Wang Qinsheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 has attracted a lot of research interests for its exotic properties due to the interplay between nontrivial topology and magnetism. Here, we report the photocurrent (PC) response of MnBi2Te4 flakes under the excitation wavelengths between 633 nm and 4000 nm measured by scanning PC microscopy. We observe a significant polarization dependent PC response at the interface between metal electrode and MnBi2Te4, while the PC response remains polarization-independent at MnBi2Te4 layer steps. The polarization dependent PC at the MnBi2Te4-metal electrode interface, which is attributed to the polarization dependent light absorption at the interface, preserves in the whole tested wavelength range. The responsivity of the device is 80 μA W−1. This responsivity as well as PC polarity is consistent with the results calculated based on a photo-thermoelectric generation mechanism, thus we infer that photo-thermoelectric effect dominates in the PC generation at MnBi2Te4-metal interface. Our results reveal the photoelectric response mechanism of the emerging material MnBi2Te4 for its potential optoelectronic applications.
Honeycomb pattern formation on poly(vinyl chloride) films: electrically-driven microparticle trapping and the effect of drying temperature
Authors: Budlayan Marco Laurence M , Patricio Jonathan N , Yap Gillian Kathryn B , Gayosa Jose Jesus A , Arco Susan D , Diaz Jose Mario A , Guerrero Raphael A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This work presents the effect of drying temperature on the formation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) honeycomb microstructures formed by the breath figure technique. Results revealed the self-assembly of honeycomb patterns with small cell diameter and thick cell walls dried at room temperature. An increase in cell diameter and a decrease in wall thickness were observed as drying temperature was increased up to 70 °C while no formation of patterns was noted at temperatures greater than or equal to 80 °C. The presence of honeycomb patterns consequently enhanced the static water contact angle of the PVC layer. Electrowetting experiments revealed more pronounced reduction in the water contact angle on honeycomb-structured PVC compared to a flat PVC layer at any given applied voltage. A proof-of-concept on the feasibility of the honeycomb structures to trap microparticles by electrically-driven droplet actuation was further demonstrated. Corresponding SEM images confirmed the entrapment of microparticles in the honeycomb cells and walls after the electrowetting experiment. These results offer new and facile strategies for tuning the morphological properties of polymeric honeycomb microstructures and its possible application in microparticle trapping and sensing.
Moderate-high intensity exercise associates with reduced incident alcohol-associated liver disease in high-risk patients
Authors: Shay Jessica E S , Vannier Augustin , Tsai Stephanie , Mahle Rachel , Diaz Paige McLean , Przybyszewski Eric , Challa Prasanna K , Patel Suraj J , Suzuki Joji , Schaefer Esperance , Goodman Russell P , Luther Jay 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Therapies to prevent alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) in high-risk patients are needed. Aims: In this retrospective association study, we examined whether patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who reported greater exercise were less likely to develop liver disease. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Mass General Brigham Biobank to investigate the impact of both moderate-high and light-intensity exercise on the development of ALD in patients with AUD, using clinician-provided diagnostic International Classification of Diseases 10 codes. Exercise was evaluated using a questionnaire completed after an AUD diagnosis, and before evidence of liver disease. Cox regressions were used to generate hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of ALD. Results: 1987 patients met inclusion criteria. These patients were followed for an average of 10.7 years. In multivariable analyses, we found that patients that reported at least 2.5 h of moderate-high intensity exercise/week (confidence interval recommendation for exercise) were less likely to develop ALD compared to patients that did not exercise (HR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.085–0.64, P = 0.007). Indeed, each hour of moderate-high intensity exercise was associated with progressively decreasing odds of developing ALD (HR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.58–0.91, P = 0.02). Conversely, patients who did not engage in any moderate-high intensity exercise were more likely to develop ALD (HR: 2.76, 95%CI: 1.44–5.40, P = 0.003). Conclusions: In our cohort, patients with AUD who reported moderate-high intensity exercise showed a lower association with incidence of ALD development than patients who did not exercise.
Getting it right the first time: an Irish paediatric dermatology perspective from a national care centre
Authors: Fagan Nicole , Browne Fiona , Dvorakova Veronika , Carroll Áine , Irvine Alan D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Dermatology: ‘Getting It Right the First Time’ (GIRFT) Programme National Specialty Report recommended improving access to, and the quality of, paediatric dermatology services. Understanding referral patterns makes it easier to identify areas that can be improved. This study analysed 292 new referrals to a national care centre that provides secondary care to 50% of all Irish children. Results showed that 51% of new referrals could have been managed in primary care and 41% of new referrals were inappropriate, including 5.5% having no abnormal skin findings. These results indicate that up to 876 referrals could have been avoided over a 13-month period, freeing up resources and reducing wait times for cases more appropriate for a secondary and tertiary care centre. This would improve access for children, allowing them to be diagnosed at the right place and time, in alignment with GIRFT values.
Regulatory T cells in autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency
Authors: Sjøgren Thea , Bjune Jan-Inge , Husebye Eystein S , Oftedal Bergithe E , Wolff Anette S B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) is most often caused by an autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex resulting in failure to produce cortisol and aldosterone. The aetiology is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors, leading to breakdown of immunological tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are deficient in many autoimmune disorders, but it is not known whether they contribute to development of PAI. We aimed to investigate the frequency and function of naive and expanded Tregs in patients with PAI and polyendocrine syndromes compared to age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to assess the frequency and characterize functional markers of blood Tregs in PAI (N = 15). Expanded Treg suppressive abilities were assessed with a flow cytometry based suppression assay (N = 20), while bulk RNA-sequencing was used to examine transcriptomic differences (N = 16) and oxygen consumption rate was measured by a Seahorse cell metabolic assay (N = 11). Our results showed that Treg frequency and suppressive capacity were similar between patients and controls. An increased expression of killer-cell leptin-like receptors and mitochondrial genes was revealed in PAI patients, but their expanded Tregs did not display signs of mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings do not support a clear role for Tregs in the contribution of PAI development.
Effects of three immobilizing drug combinations on ventilation, gas exchange and metabolism in free-living African lions (Panthera leo)
Authors: Donaldson Ashleigh Claire , Buss Peter Erik , Fuller Andrea , Meyer Leith Carl Rodney 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Free-living lions (12 per group) were immobilized with tiletamine-zolazepam-medetomidine (TZM), ketamine-medetomidine (KM), or ketamine-butorphanol-medetomidine (KBM). During immobilization, respiratory, blood gas and acid–base variables were monitored for 30 minutes. Respiratory rates were within expected ranges and remained constant throughout the immobilizations. Ventilation increased in lions over the immobilization period from 27.2 ± 9.5 to 35.1 ± 25.4 L/min (TZM), 26.1 ± 14.3 to 28.4 ± 18.4 L/min (KM) and 23.2 ± 10.8 to 26.7 ± 14.2 L/min (KBM). Tidal volume increased over the immobilization period from 1800 ± 710 to 2380 ± 1930 mL/breath (TZM), 1580 ± 470 to 1640 ± 500 mL/breath (KM) and 1600 ± 730 to 1820 ± 880 mL/breath (KBM). Carbon dioxide production was initially lower in KBM (0.4 ± 0.2 L/min) than in TZM (0.5 ± 0.2 L/min) lions but increased over time in all groups. Oxygen consumption was 0.6 ± 0.2 L/min (TZM), 0.5 ± 0.2 L/min (KM) and 0.5 ± 0.2 L/min (KBM) and remained constant throughout the immobilization period. Initially the partial pressure of arterial oxygen was lower in KBM (74.0 ± 7.8 mmHg) than in TZM (78.5 ± 4.7 mmHg) lions, but increased to within expected range in all groups over time. The partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide was higher throughout the immobilizations in KBM (34.5 ± 4.2 mmHg) than in TZM (32.6 ± 2.2 mmHg) and KM (32.6 ± 3.8 mmHg) lions. Alveolar-arterial gradients were initially elevated, but decreased over time for all groups, although in KM lions it remained elevated (26.9 ± 10.4 mmHg) above the expected normal. Overall, all three drug combinations caused minor respiratory and metabolic side-effects in the immobilized lions. However, initially hypoxaemia occurred as the drug combinations, and possibly the stress induced by the immobilization procedure, hinder alveoli oxygen gas exchange.
Plant-symbiotic fungal diversity tracks variation in vegetation and the abiotic environment along an extended elevational gradient in the Himalayas
Authors: Hiiesalu Inga , Schweichhart Johannes , Angel Roey , Davison John , Doležal Jiři , Kopecký Martin , Macek Martin , Řehakova Klára 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can benefit plants under environmental stress, and influence plant adaptation to warmer climates. However, very little is known about the ecology of these fungi in alpine environments. We sampled plant roots along a large fraction (1941–6150 m asl (above sea level)) of the longest terrestrial elevational gradient on Earth and used DNA metabarcoding to identify AM fungi. We hypothesized that AM fungal alpha and beta diversity decreases with increasing elevation, and that different vegetation types comprise dissimilar communities, with cultured (putatively ruderal) taxa increasingly represented at high elevations. We found that the alpha diversity of AM fungal communities declined linearly with elevation, whereas within-site taxon turnover (beta diversity) was unimodally related to elevation. The composition of AM fungal communities differed between vegetation types and was influenced by elevation, mean annual temperature, and precipitation. In general, Glomeraceae taxa dominated at all elevations and vegetation types; however, higher elevations were associated with increased presence of Acaulosporaceae, Ambisporaceae, and Claroideoglomeraceae. Contrary to our expectation, the proportion of cultured AM fungal taxa in communities decreased with elevation. These results suggest that, in this system, climate-induced shifts in habitat conditions may facilitate more diverse AM fungal communities at higher elevations but could also favour ruderal taxa.
Protein O-mannosylation: one sugar, several pathways, many functions
Authors: Koff Melissa , Monagas-Valentin Pedro , Novikov Boris , Chandel Ishita , Panin Vladislav 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent research has unveiled numerous important functions of protein glycosylation in development, homeostasis, and diseases. A type of glycosylation taking the center stage is protein O-mannosylation, a posttranslational modification conserved in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to humans. In animals, protein O-mannosylation plays a crucial role in the nervous system, whereas protein O-mannosylation defects cause severe neurological abnormalities and congenital muscular dystrophies. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying protein O-mannosylation functions and biosynthesis remain not well understood. This review outlines recent studies on protein O-mannosylation while focusing on the functions in the nervous system, summarizes the current knowledge about protein O-mannosylation biosynthesis, and discusses the pathologies associated with protein O-mannosylation defects. The evolutionary perspective revealed by studies in the Drosophila model system are also highlighted. Finally, the review touches upon important knowledge gaps in the field and discusses critical questions for future research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with protein O-mannosylation functions.