bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature screening and detection of Covid‐19 in school‐aged children: A retrospective cohort study assessing the efficacy of temperature screening in schools
Authors: Rich Courtney , Hanson Laura , Daniel Luther , Davis Amy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn July 2020, Corinth School District was the first in Mississippi to return to the classroom setting. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) protocols were developed to maintain the safety of students. These included mandatory masking, seating charts, desk spacing, sanitizing protocols, lunch within classrooms, alteration of extracurriculars, cancellation of assemblies, and quarantine policies. Temperature screenings were also performed. Students registering as febrile would undergo Covid‐19 testing. To evaluate the efficacy of temperature scanning as a surveillance method for Covid‐19 in the school setting, deidentified data was obtained from the Corinth School District. Overall incidence and grade level incidence of Covid‐19 were calculated in children attending school from July 27, 2020 to September 25, 2020. Data were examined for a correlation between documented fevers and Covid‐19 positivity. Reports provided by the school district were investigated for positive test groupings signifying a school‐related outbreak. Of 28 children with fevers at school, zero tested positive for Covid‐19. Twenty‐six children tested positive for Covid‐19; none were febrile at school. The incidence of Covid‐19 in our population during the study period was 1.03%. Incidence in elementary students was 0.34%, 0.93% in middle school, and 2.51% in high school students. There were no school outbreaks during the study period. Both relative risk and odds ratio were calculated as equal to zero (0.00). Temperature scanning is not a sensitive screening method for Covid‐19 in school children.
Water tenure analysis: A case study in Nui Coc irrigation system in the Red River Basin, Vietnam
Authors: Van Le Chinh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVietnam is considered to have a sound legal system for water resources management, but the enforcement of these systems remains limited. This weakness and its causes were reported in various studies on institutional arrangements. However, clear relationships among stakeholders with respect to water resources, or water tenure, and levels of implementation of water tenure governance that are related to these limitations remain undocumented. Using a new approach on water tenure analysis to identify issues and conflicts related to water tenure arrangements in a pilot area in Vietnam is the aim of this study. Most of the types of possible formal (8) and informal (7) water tenure arrangements were identified in the pilot area. The analysis of water tenure governance covering 14 aspects and the assessment of water tenure security were conducted in the study area. The study results illustrate the need to improve the implementation of law enforcement and to strengthen the process of water tenure governance. Based on the analysis results, several relevant solutions are recommended including review and update of legal framework and strengthening the enforcement of current legal regulations in Vietnam.
Optimization of the transmission loss of a multilayer panels using the genetic algorithm
Authors: Tounsi Dhouha , Dhief Raja , Felhi Hadda , Taktak Mohamed , Chaabene Mabrouk , Haddar Mohamed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn optimization method of the acoustic absorption of multilayer panels composed of porous, elastic, and viscoelastic materials is presented in this paper. The used objective functions consist on the maximizing of the sound Transmission Loss (TL) and the minimization of the mass of the configuration. For this, the genetic algorithm was used coupled with an analytical computation of transfer matrix of the studied panel. This study aimed to found the optimal values of the thicknesses of each layer with a total thickness which should not exceed 30 mm. The others parameters are keeping constant. The developed method was applied to a two‐layer panel. The obtained results are analyzed giving sources to choose between the studied configurations.
Numerical solution of two‐dimensional nonlinear Riesz space‐fractional reaction–advection–diffusion equation using fast compact implicit integration factor method
Authors: Biswas Chetna , Das Subir , Singh Anup , Sadowski Tomasz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the present article, a finite domain is considered to find the numerical solution of a two‐dimensional nonlinear fractional‐order partial differential equation (FPDE) with Riesz space fractional derivative (RSFD). Here two types of FPDE–RSFD are considered, the first one is a two‐dimensional nonlinear Riesz space‐fractional reaction–diffusion equation (RSFRDE) and the second one is a two‐dimensional nonlinear Riesz space‐fractional reaction‐advection‐diffusion equation (RSFRADE). SFRDE is obtained by simply replacing second‐order derivative term of the standard nonlinear diffusion equation by the Riesz fractional derivative of order whereas the SFRADE is obtained by replacing the first‐order and second‐order space derivatives from the standard order advection–dispersion equation with the Riesz fractional derivatives of order . A numerical method is provided to deal with the RSFD with the weighted and shifted Grünwald–Letnikov (WSGD) approximations, for the spatial discretization. The SFRDE and SFRADE are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which have been solved using a fast compact implicit integration factor (FcIIF) with nonuniform time meshes. Finally, the demonstration of the validation and effectiveness of the numerical method is given by considering some existing models.
Grundlagenbeitrag: Nutzungsdatenanalyse digitaler Medien als Instrument der evaluativen Wissenschaftskommunikationsforschung
Authors: Hempel Armin 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Grundlagenbeitrag skizziert die Nutzungsdatenanalyse für den Bereich der Evaluationsforschung digitaler Wissenschaftskommunikationsprojekte und diskutiert ihre Stärken wie ihre Herausforderungen. Dazu werden verschiedene Typen von Nutzungsdaten beschrieben und exemplarisch Werkzeuge vorgestellt, diese zu erheben. Inwiefern kann es lohnenswert sein, Nutzungsdatenanalyse innerhalb von digitalen Wissenschaftskommunikationsprojekten zu betreiben und was kann bereits während der Projektplanungsphase beachtet werden, um Nutzungsdatenanalysemethoden sinnvoll einzusetzen? Es wird beschrieben, wie Erwägungen zum Datenschutz eine Herausforderung für die Nutzungsdatenanalyse darstellen, der damit verbundene Aufwand jedoch durch die Verwendung passender Werkzeuge auf ein Minimum reduziert werden kann. Zuletzt wird das Desiderat formuliert, die Nutzungsdatenanalyse als Methodenset weiter zu elaborieren – auch, um zukünftige digitale Wissenschaftskommunikationsformate untersuchen zu können.
Praxisbeitrag: Nutzungsdatenanalyse digitaler Medien in der evaluativen Wissenschaftskommunikationsforschung am Beispiel eines Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekts
Authors: Bruckermann Till , Greving Hannah 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDurch die fortschreitende Digitalisierung finden verschiedene Formen der Wissenschaftskommunikation zunehmend online statt. Insbesondere in Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekten können Entwicklungen zu digitalen Formen der Wissenschaftskommunikation genutzt werden, um ihre Effektivität zu evaluieren: Die Analyse des Nutzungsverhaltens und der durchgeführten Aktivitäten der Teilnehmenden in der Online-Umgebung des Projekts kann Aufschluss darüber geben, was Teilnehmende genau machen und womit sie sich beschäftigen. Diese Erkenntnis kann wiederum die Kommunikation mit Teilnehmenden verbessern. Am Beispiel eines Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekts zu Wildtieren wird die Analyse von Nutzungsdaten in der Wissenschaftskommunikation im Hinblick auf die Häufigkeit und Art der Beteiligung in Projektaktivitäten erläutert. Es wird deutlich, dass Beteiligungsmuster der Teilnehmenden von den intendierten Aktivitäten abweichen. Implikationen für das Lernen aus Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekten werden diskutiert.
Grundlagenbeitrag: Inhaltsanalysen inklusive Medienanalysen
Authors: Kessler Sabrina H. , Wicke Nina 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Grundlagenbeitrag fokussiert auf die Methode der Inhaltsanalyse inkl. Medienanalyse und reflektiert den Einsatz dieser im Bereich der Evaluation von Wissenschaftskommunikation. Nachdem einleitend deren Relevanz reflektiert wird, wird diese vorgestellt, indem Untersuchungsgegenstände, Analyseprozesse und Ziele der quantitativen/standardisierten und qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse erläutert werden. Herausgearbeitet werden dann die Analyseschwerpunkte der Inhalts- und Medienanalysen im Bereich der Evaluation von Wissenschaftskommunikation und ihrer Begleitforschung. Diese sind u. a. (1) Modi der Wissenschaftskommunikation, (2) die Genauigkeit der Berichterstattung, (3) die Darstellung, das Framing und die Bewertung von Wissenschaft und wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen, und (4) Dialogizität und Funktionalität der Wissenschaftskommunikation bzw. Funktionen der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Im letzten Punkt wird ein Ausblick gegeben und relevante Forschungslücken werden herausgestellt.
Evaluationsstandards – Leitprinzipien von Evaluationen
Authors: van den Bogaert Vanessa 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungWoran sind gute Evaluationen zu erkennen? Wie lassen sich praxistaugliche Evaluationsvorhaben auf hohem Niveau realisieren? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen werden im gleichnamigen Beitrag die Evaluationsstandards derDeGEval(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Evaluation) eingeführt. Dazu werden die 25 Einzelstandards, geordnet nach den vier QualitätsdimensionenNützlichkeit,Durchführbarkeit,FairnessundGenauigkeitdetailliert beschrieben und erklärt.
Praxisbeitrag: Quantitative Befragungen
Authors: Knapp Valerie , van den Bogaert Vanessa 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungFür die Untersuchung partizipativer Formen der Wissenschaftskommunikation bzw. zur Erfassung von Eigenschaften der Teilnehmende dieser Maßnahmen können quantitative Befragungen einen wertvollen methodischen Zugang darstellen. Der Praxisbeitrag beleuchtet die praktische Umsetzung derartiger Befragungen am Beispiel mehrwelliger, onlinegestützter Panelstudien, die begleitend zu einer internationalen Citizen-Science-Aktion durchgeführt wurden. Die vorgestellten Befragungen zielten u. a. darauf ab, nähere Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen, wer an der Aktion teilnahm und welche Erwartungen an eine Teilnahme geknüpft wurden. Zuletzt werden im Beitrag Vorteile und Limitationen des Ansatzes diskutiert, die Praktiker:innen in der Entscheidung zum Einsatz solcher Befragungen bzw. bei deren Planung und Umsetzung bedenken sollten.
Packing squares into a rectangle with a relatively small area
Authors: Chmielewska Katarzyna , Marciniak Mariola , Marciniak Mikołaj 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article we prove that all squares with sides of lengths$$\frac{1}{m+1}, \frac{1}{m+2}, \dots $$1m+1,1m+2,⋯can be packed in a rectangle with a one side fixed and a relatively small area. We give a similar result for all of three Moser’s Packing Problems.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in Diagnostik und Therapie entzündlich-rheumatischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Albrecht Katinka , Strangfeld Anja 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Geschlechtsunterschiede in Diagnostik und Therapie verschiedenster Erkrankungen werden zunehmend erforscht mit dem Ziel, Therapiestrategien zu optimieren und den individuellen Behandlungserfolg zu verbessern.

Methodik
In dieser Arbeit wird die bestehende Literatur zu geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse
Viele, aber nicht alle entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen treten häufiger bei Frauen als bei Männern auf. Frauen haben oft eine längere Beschwerdedauer bis zur Diagnosestellung als Männer, was durch unterschiedliche klinische und radiologische Erscheinungsbilder verursacht sein kann. Frauen haben krankheitsübergreifend häufiger niedrigere Remissions- und Therapieansprechraten in Bezug auf die antirheumatische Medikation als Männer, auch Therapieabbrüche sind bei Frauen häufiger als bei Männern. Ob Frauen vermehrt Anti-drug-Antikörper gegen biologische Antirheumatika entwickeln, ist noch unklar. Bei Januskinaseinhibitoren gibt es bislang keine Hinweise auf ein unterschiedliches Therapieansprechen.

Schlussfolgerung
Ob auch in der Rheumatologie individuelle Dosierungsschemata und geschlechtsangepasste Therapieziele nötig sind, kann aus der bisherigen Evidenz nicht abgeleitet werden.
Morus alba: a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological review
Authors: Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Al-Snafi Ali Esmail , Thuwaini Mahdi M. , Teibo John Oluwafemi , Shaheen Hazem M. , Akomolafe Ayomide Peter , Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Garbeeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMorusalba is a fast-growing shrub or medium-sized tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk. Medicinally, whole plants, leaves, fruits, branches, and roots have been employed. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search for relevant material on the phytochemical components and pharmacologic and mechanism of action of the Morus alba. This was reviewed to assess important updates about Morus alba. The fruits of Morus alba have traditionally been used as an analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anti-rheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive, hypoglycemia, purgative, restorative, sedative tonic, and blood stimulant. Various plant parts were used as a cooling, sedating, diuretic, tonic, and astringent agent to treat nerve disorders. The plant contained tannins, steroids, phytosterols, sitosterol, glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids, as well as saponins, triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, benzofuran derivatives, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, glycosides, vitamins, and minerals. Previous pharmacological research identified antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunological, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, dermatological, neurological, muscular, and protecting effects. This study looked at Morus alba’s traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological effects.
Microbiome Structure and Mucosal Morphology of Jejunum Appendix and Colon of Rats in Health and Dysbiosis
Authors: Shao Chenyi , Song Xiaobo , Wang Lili , Zhang Hongying , Liu Yinhui , Wang Chunhao , Chen Shenmin , Ren Baowei , Wen Shu , Xiao Jing , Tang Li 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGut microbiota contributes to human health. Plenty of studies demonstrate that antibiotics can disrupt gut ecosystem leading to dysbiosis. Little is known about the microbial variation of appendix and its up/downstream intestine after antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to investigate the microbiome and mucosal morphology of jejunum, appendix, and colon of rats in health and dysbiosis. A rodent model of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis was employed. Microscopy was used to observe mucosal morphological changes. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for identifying bacterial taxa and microbiome structure. The appendices of dysbiosis were found enlarged and inflated with loose contents. Microscopy revealed the impairment of intestinal epithelial cells. High-throughput sequencing showed the Operational Taxonomic Units changed from 361 ± 33, 634 ± 18, 639 ± 19 in the normal jejunum, appendix, colon to 748 ± 98, 230 ± 11, 253 ± 16 in the disordered segments, respectively. In dysbiosis, Bacteroidetes translocated inversely from the colon and appendix (0.26%, 0.23%) to the jejunum (13.87% ± 0.11%); the relative abundance of all intestinal Enterococcaceae increased, while Lactobacillaceae decreased. Several bacterial clusters were found correlated to the normal appendix, whereas nonspecific clusters correlated to the disordered appendix. In conclusion, species richness and evenness reduced in the disordered appendix and colon; similar microbiome patterns were shared between the appendix and colon regardless of dysbiosis; site-specific bacteria were missing in the disordered appendix. Appendix is likely a transit region involving in upper and lower intestinal microflora modulation. The limitation of this study is all the data were derived from rats. We must be cautious about translating the microbiome results from rats to humans.
Homogenised Monthly and Daily Temperature and Precipitation Time Series in China and Greece since 1960
Authors: Argiriou Athanassios A. , Li Zhen , Armaos Vasileios , Mamara Anna , Shi Yingling , Yan Zhongwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we describe and analyze two datasets entitled “Homogenised monthly and daily temperature and precipitation time series in China during 1960–2021” and “Homogenised monthly and daily temperature and precipitation time series in Greece during 1960–2010”. These datasets provide the homogenised monthly and daily mean (TG), minimum (TN), and maximum (TX) temperature and precipitation (RR) records since 1960 at 366 stations in China and 56 stations in Greece. The datasets are available at the Science Data Bank repository and can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01731 and https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01720. For China, the regional mean annual TG, TX, TN, and RR series during 1960–2021 showed significant warming or increasing trends of 0.27°C (10 yr)−1, 0.22°C (10 yr)−1, 0.35°C (10 yr)−1, and 6.81 mm (10 yr)−1, respectively. Most of the seasonal series revealed trends significant at the 0.05 level, except for the spring, summer, and autumn RR series. For Greece, there were increasing trends of 0.09°C (10 yr)−1, 0.08°C (10 yr)−1, and 0.11°C (10 yr)−1 for the annual TG, TX, and TN series, respectively, while a decreasing trend of −23.35 mm (10 yr)−1 was present for RR. The seasonal trends showed a significant warming rate for summer, but no significant changes were noted for spring (except for TN), autumn, and winter. For RR, only the winter time series displayed a statistically significant and robust trend [−15.82 mm (10 yr)−1]. The final homogenised temperature and precipitation time series for both China and Greece provide a better representation of the large-scale pattern of climate change over the past decades and provide a quality information source for climatological analyses.
Clear-air turbulence trends over the North Atlantic in high-resolution climate models
Authors: Smith Isabel H. , Williams Paul D. , Schiemann Reinhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClear-air turbulence (CAT) has a large impact on the aviation sector. Our current understanding of how CAT may increase with climate change in future is largely based on simulations from CMIP3 and CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs). However, these models have now been superseded by high-resolution CMIP6 GCMs, which for the first time have grid lengths at which individual turbulence patches may start to be resolved. Here we use a multi-model approach to quantify projected moderate CAT changes over the North Atlantic using CMIP6 models. The influence of the model resolution on CAT projections is analysed. Twenty-one CAT diagnostics are used, in order to represent uncertainties in CAT production mechanisms. Each diagnostic responds differently in time, but the majority display an increase in moderate CAT between 1950 and 2050. Although winter is historically the most turbulent season, there is strong multi-model agreement that autumn and summer will have the greatest overall relative increase in CAT frequency. By 2050, summers are projected to become as turbulent as 1950 winters and autumns. The global-mean seasonal near-surface temperature is used as a comparative metric. For every 1 °C of global near-surface warming, autumn, winter, spring, and summer are projected to have an average of 14%, 9%, 9%, and 14% more moderate CAT, respectively. Our results confirm that the aviation sector should prepare for a more turbulent future.
Electrochemical sensing platform with gold nanoparticles capped by PDDA for benzyl alcohol determination
Authors: Abad-Gil Lucía , Gismera M. Jesús , Sevilla M. Teresa , Procopio Jesús R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn electrochemical sensor has been developed, by modifying screen-printed carbon devices (SPCE) with photochemically synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNP), to determine benzyl alcohol, a preservative widely used in the cosmetic industry. To obtain the AuNP with the best properties for electrochemical sensing applications, the photochemical synthesis was optimized using chemometric tools. A response surface methodology based on central composite design was used to optimize the synthesis conditions, as irradiation time, and the concentrations of metal precursor and the capping/reducing agent (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride, PDDA). The anodic current of benzyl alcohol on SPCE modified with the AuNP was used as response of the system. The best electrochemical responses were obtained using the AuNP generated by irradiating for 18 min a 7.20$$\times$$×10−4 mol L−1AuCl4−-1.7% PDDA solution. The AuNP were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and dynamic light scattering. The nanocomposite-based sensor formed by the optimal AuNP (AuNP@PDDA/SPCE) was used to determine benzyl alcohol by linear sweep voltammetry in 0.10 mol L−1KOH. The anodic current at + 0.017 ± 0.003 V (vs. AgCl) was used as analytical signal. Detection limit obtained under these conditions was 2.8 µg mL−1. The AuNP@PDDA/SPCE was applied to determine benzyl alcohol in cosmetic samples.Graphical Abstract
Pain profile during orthodontic levelling and alignment with fixed appliances reported in randomized trials: a systematic review with meta-analyses
Authors: Inauen Deborah Susanne , Papadopoulou Alexandra K. , Eliades Theodore , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To assess the pain profile of patients in the levelling/alignment phase of orthodontic treatment, as reported from randomized clinical trials.

Materials and methods
Five databases were searched in September 2022 for randomized clinical trials assessing pain during levelling/alignment with a visual analogue scale (VAS). After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by subgroup/meta-regression, and certainty analyses.

Results
A total of 37 randomized trials including 2277 patients (40.3% male; mean age 17.5 years) were identified. Data indicated quick pain initiation after insertion of orthodontic appliances (n = 6; average = 12.4 mm VAS), a quick increase to a peak at day 1 (n = 29; average = 42.4 mm), and gradually daily decrease the first week until its end (n = 23; average = 9.0 mm). Every second patient reported analgesic use at least once this week (n = 8; 54.5%), with peak analgesic use at 6 h post-insertion (n = 2; 62.3%). Patients reported reduced pain in the evening compared to morning (n = 3; MD =  − 3.0 mm; 95%CI =  − 5.3, − 0.6; P = 0.01) and increased pain during chewing (n = 2; MD = 19.2 mm; 95% CI = 7.9, 30.4; P < 0.001) or occlusion of the back teeth (n = 2; MD = 12.4 mm; 95% CI = 1.4, 23.4; P = 0.3), while non-consistent effects were seen for patient age, sex, irregularity, or analgesic use. Subgroup analyses indicated increased pain among extraction cases and during treatment of the lower (rather than the upper) arch, while certainty around estimates was moderate to high.

Conclusions
Evidence indicated a specific pain profile during orthodontic levelling/alignment, without signs of consistent patient-related influencing factors.