bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
So overt it's covert: Wildlife coloration in the city
Authors: Kreling Samantha E S 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith novel human–wildlife interaction, predation regimes, and environmental conditions, in addition to often fragmented and smaller populations, urban areas present wildlife with altered natural selection parameters and genetic drift potential compared with nonurban regions. Plumage and pelage coloration in birds and mammals has evolved as a balance between avoiding detection by predator or prey, sexual selection, and thermoregulation. However, with altered mutation rates, reduced predation risk, increased temperatures, strong genetic drift, and increased interaction with people, the evolutionary contexts in which these colorations arose are radically different from what is present in urban areas. Regionally alternative color morphs or leucistic or melanistic individuals that aren't typical of most avian or mammalian populations may become more frequent as a result of adaptive or neutral evolution. Therefore, I conceptualize that, in urban areas, conspicuous color morphologies may persist, leading to an increase in the frequency of regionally atypical pelage coloration. In the present article, I discuss the potential for conspicuous color morphs to arise and persist in urban mammalian and avian populations, as well as the mechanisms for such persistence, as a result of altered environmental conditions and natural selection pressures.
Robotic and laparoscopic colectomy: propensity score-matched outcomes from a national cancer database
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Horesh Nir , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Zhou Peige , Strassman Victor , Wexner Steven D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic and robotic approaches to colonic cancer surgery appear to provide similar outcomes. The present study aimed to compare short-term and survival outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic colectomy for colonic cancer.

Methods
This retrospective review of patients with stage I–III colonic cancer who underwent laparoscopic or robotic colonic resection was undertaken using data from the National Cancer Database (2013–2019). Patients were matched using the propensity score matching method. The primary outcome was 5-year overall survival. Secondary outcomes included conversion to open surgery, duration of hospital stay, 30- and 90-day mortality, unplanned readmission, and positive resection margins.

Results
The original cohort included 40 457 patients with stage I–III colonic adenocarcinoma, with a mean(s.d.) age of 67.4(12.9) years. Some 33 860 (83.7 per cent) and 6597 (17.3 per cent) patients underwent laparoscopic and robotic colectomy respectively. After matching, 6210 patients were included in each group. Robotic colectomy was associated with marginally longer overall survival for women, and patients with a Charlson score of 0, stage II–III disease or left-sided tumours. The robotic group had a significantly lower rate of conversion (6.6 versus 11 per cent; P &lt; 0.001) and shorter hospital stay (median 3 versus 4 days) than the laparoscopic group. The two groups had similar rates of 30-day mortality (1.3 versus 1 per cent for laparoscopic and robotic procedures respectively), 90-day mortality (2.1 versus 1.8 per cent), 30-day unplanned readmission (3.7 versus 3.8 per cent), and positive resection margins (2.8 versus 2.5 per cent).

Conclusion
In this study population, robotic colectomy was associated with less conversion to open surgery and a shorter hospital stay compared with laparoscopic colectomy.
Regional spreading pattern is associated with clinical phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Maranzano Alessio , Verde Federico , Colombo Eleonora , Poletti Barbara , Doretti Alberto , Bonetti Ruggero , Gagliardi Delia , Meneri Megi , Maderna Luca , Messina Stefano , Corti Stefania , Morelli Claudia , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that disease spreading in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) follows a preferential pattern with more frequent involvement of contiguous regions from the site of symptom onset. The aim of our study was to assess if: (i) the burden of upper (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) involvement influences directionality of disease spreading; (ii) specific patterns of disease progression are associated with motor and neuropsychological features of different ALS subtypes (classic, bulbar, primary lateral sclerosis, UMN-predominant, progressive muscular atrophy, flail arm, flail leg); and (iii) specific clinical features may help identify ALS subtypes, which remain localized to the site of onset for a prolonged time (regionally entrenching ALS).
A single-centre, retrospective cohort of 913 Italian ALS patients was evaluated to assess correlations between directionality of the disease process after symptom onset and motor/neuropsychological phenotype. All patients underwent an extensive evaluation including the following clinical scales: Penn Upper Motor Neuron Score (PUMNS), MRC Scale for Muscle Strength and the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS).
The most frequent initial spreading pattern was that towards adjacent horizontal regions (77.3%), which occurred preferentially in patients with lower MRC scores (P = 0.038), while vertical diffusion (21.1%) was associated with higher PUMNS (P &lt; 0.001) and with reduced survival (P &lt; 0.001). Non-contiguous disease spreading was associated with more severe UMN impairment (P = 0.003), while contiguous disease pattern with lower MRC scores. Furthermore, non-contiguous disease spreading was associated with more severe cognitive impairment in both executive and visuospatial ECAS domains. Individuals with regionally entrenching ALS were more frequently female (45.6% versus 36.9%; P = 0.028) and had higher frequencies of symmetric disease onset (40.3% versus 19.7%; P &lt; 0.001) and bulbar phenotype (38.5% versus 16.4%; P &lt; 0.001).
Our study suggests that motor phenotypes characterized by a predominant UMN involvement are associated with a vertical pattern of disease progression reflecting ipsilateral spreading within the motor cortex, while those with predominant LMN involvement display more frequently a horizontal spreading from one side of the spinal cord to the other. These observations raise the hypothesis that one of the mechanisms underlying disease spreading in ALS pathology is represented by diffusion of toxic factors in the neuron microenvironment. Finally, it is possible that in our cohort, regionally entrenching ALS forms are mainly observed in patients with atypical bulbar phenotypes, characterized by a slowly progressive course and relatively benign prognosis.
Incremental significance of myocardial oedema for prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Xu Ziqian , Wang Jie , Cheng Wei , Wan Ke , Li Weihao , Pu Lutong , Xu Yuanwei , Sun Jiayu , Han Yuchi , Chen Yucheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
To explore the prognosis of myocardial oedema measured by T2 mapping in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

Methods and results
A total of 674 patients with HCM (age: 50 ± 15 years, 60.5% males) who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance were prospectively enrolled from 2011 to 2020. One hundred healthy controls (age: 48 ± 19 years, 58.0% males) were included for comparison. Myocardial oedema was quantitatively measured by T2 mapping in both global and segmental myocardium. The endpoints were defined as a combination of cardiovascular death and appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharge. During a median follow-up of 36 months (interquartile range: 24–60 months), 55 patients (8.2%) had cardiovascular events. Patients with cardiovascular events had a higher T2 max, T2 min, and T2 global values (all P &lt; 0.001) than patients who remained event free. Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with HCM with late gadolinium enhancement [LGE(+)] and T2 max ≥44.9 ms had a higher risk of developing cardiovascular events (P &lt; 0.001). A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that T2 max, T2 min, and T2 global provided significant prognostic value to predict cardiovascular events (all P &lt; 0.001). According to the C-index (0.825, 0.814), net reclassification index (0.612, 0.536, both P &lt; 0.001), and integrative discrimination index (0.029, 0.029, both P &lt; 0.05), T2 max or T2 min significantly increased the predictive performance of established risk factors, including extensive LGE.

Conclusion
Patients with HCM with LGE(+) and higher T2 had worse prognosis than those with LGE(+) and lower T2.
Cardiovascular risk profiles in patients with inflammatory bowel disease differ from matched controls from the general population
Authors: Sleutjes Jasmijn A M , van der Woude C Janneke , Verploegh P J Pepijn , Aribas Elif , Kavousi Maryam , Roeters van Lennep Jeanine E , de Vries Annemarie C 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Aims
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We compared cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and 10-year risk in IBD patients to the general population.

Methods and results
In this cross-sectional study, consecutive IBD patients ≥45 years were included. History of ASCVD and CVD risk factors (smoking, hypertension, overweight, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome) were assessed. The Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE2) algorithm was used to estimate 10-year CVD risk. One to four age/sex-matched controls were derived from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study cohort. In total, 235 IBD patients were included {56% women, median age 59 years [interquartile range (IQR) 51–66]} and matched to 829 controls [56% women, median age 61 years (IQR 56–67)]. Inflammatory bowel disease patients experienced ASCVD events more often compared with matched controls [odds ratio (OR) 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–3.27], specifically heart failure (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.02–4.01) and coronary heart disease (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.7–3.13). Inflammatory bowel disease patients showed lower odds of overweight (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.35–0.66) and hypercholesterolaemia (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.31–0.65) and higher odds of hypertension (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19–2.32), as well as higher waist circumference (+4 cm, P = 0.006) and triglyceride levels (+0.6 mmol/L, P &lt; 0.001) as compared with controls. Mean 10-year CVD risk was 4.0% [standard deviation (SD) ±2.6] in 135 IBD patients vs. 6.0% (SD ±1.6) in 506 controls.

Conclusion
The increased CVD risk in IBD is discrepant with the 10-year CVD risk estimate. Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation may underestimate CVD risk in IBD patients due to differing CVD risk profiles compared with the general population, including a lower prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia and overweight and a higher prevalence of hypertension, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridaemia.
Parallel evolution of behavior, physiology, and life history associated with altitudinal shifts in forest type inHeliconiusbutterflies
Authors: Rivas-Sánchez David F , Melo-Flórez Lina , Aragón Andrea , Pardo-Díaz Carolina , Salazar Camilo , Montgomery Stephen H , Merrill Richard M 
Published: April 2023

AbstractParallel evolution of morphological traits is widely reported, providing evidence for the role of local conditions in driving adaptive divergence. Comparatively, fewer studies have tested for parallelism in behavior, and it is less clear to what extent heritable behavioral shifts contribute to adaptive divergence. We exploit repeated incipient speciation across altitudinal gradients to explore behavior and physiology in Heliconius butterflies adapted to high-elevation. We performed common garden experiments with H. chestertonii, a high-altitude specialist from the Colombian Cordillera Occidental, and H. erato venus, a low-elevation proxy for the ancestral population, and compared our results to existing data for an equivalent Ecuadorian taxa-pair. Using broad-scale climatic data, we show that both pairs diverge across similar ecological gradients, confirmed using localized data loggers in the ranges of H. chestertonii and H. e. venus. We further show that H. chestertonii and H. e. venus have divergent activity patterns, attributable to different responses to microclimate, and life histories. Finally, we provide evidence for parallelism in these traits with H. himera and H. e. cyrbia. We propose that this is a result of selection associated with independent colonizations of high-altitude forests, emphasizing the importance of heritable behavioral and physiological adaptations during population divergence and speciation.
Cryptic male mate choice for high-quality females reduces male postcopulatory success in future matings
Authors: Anastasio Olivia E , Sinclair Chelsea S , Pischedda Alison 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cryptic male mate choice occurs when males differentially allocate resources to females during or after copulation. When male resources are limited, males may benefit by strategically allocating more resources toward higher-quality females. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, males mate for longer and may transfer more sperm and more seminal proteins when they mate with larger females compared with smaller females. It is unclear, however, whether this increased investment in large females has any impact on the males’ later matings. We mated D. melanogaster males sequentially to females of large or small body size in all possible combinations to test whether cryptic male mate choice for large females is costly to the males’ subsequent matings. Second matings were shorter for males compared with their first matings, but there were no differences in fecundity between females mated first or second by a male. Interestingly, male success at defensive sperm competition declined between his first and second matings only when his first mating had been with a large female. This suggests that the higher initial investment in large females reduced male postcopulatory success in their subsequent matings. Cryptic male mate choice may carry underappreciated costs to males that could limit their reproductive potential.
Travels with Metschnikowia
Authors: Lachance Marc-André 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
For over four decades, I have explored hotspots of biodiversity in search of yeasts that could increase our understanding of the meaning of species as the concept applies to yeasts. This led to the discovery, description, and characterization of many Metschnikowia and other species. What published species descriptions do not report is the context of their discoveries, the people and the places involved. This is an abridged account of some of the paths I followed in making these yeast discoveries and some of the wonderful people that have made them possible. Selected memories about education, serendipity, boots, dress trousers, pantyhose, t-shirts, hugs, magic, friendships, symbioses, beetles, morning glories, missing nuclei, love, and loss.
Continuity and change in human rights appropriation: The case of Turkey
Authors: Çalı Başak , Demir-Gürsel Esra 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes the political and legal dynamics of continuity and change in the appropriation of human rights in Turkey against the backdrop of growing authoritarian practices. Human rights appropriation in Turkey has traditionally focused on the interpretation of human rights favoring national security and secular sensibilities to determine who has human rights and to what extent. The recent decade is a case of continuity and change. While the secularist frame has been replaced by a religious frame defining authentic human rights holders as members of the “pious” Turkish Muslim family and society, the national security frame has remained a continuous source of human rights appropriation. The article first offers an account of the dynamics of old forms of human rights appropriation in Turkey. It then analyzes the new actors, strategies, and transnational dimensions of new forms of human rights (mis)appropriation.
Antiretroviral Therapy Ameliorates Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Myocardial Inflammation by Dampening Interferon Signaling and Pathogen Response in the Heart
Authors: Robinson Jake A , Niu Meng , Fox Howard S , Burdo Tricia H 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
People with human immunodeficiency virus have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. RNA-Seq was performed on hearts from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)–infected rhesus macaques with or without antiretroviral therapy (ART). SIV infection led to high plasma viral load with very little myocardial viral RNA. SIV infection promoted an inflammatory environment in the heart through interferon and pathogen signaling, in the absence of myocardial viral RNA. While ART dampened interferon and cytokine response in the heart, SIV-infected animals receiving ART had deficits in the expression of genes directly involved in fatty acid metabolism relative to SIV-uninfected animals.
When Connection Turns to Anger: How Consumer–Brand Relationship and Crisis Type Moderate Language on Social Media
Authors: Mosley Buffy , Schweidel David A , Zhang Kunpeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Social media offers brands the ability to gauge consumer reactions to marketing and brand crises. While social media listening has focused on aggregate patterns, consumers differ in how they react to a crisis faced by a particular brand. Analyzing consumer behavior for 39 brands pertaining to 77 brand crises through the lens of consumer posts on brands’ Facebook pages, we find that consumers’ prior online interactions with the brand and the nature of the brand crisis moderate the language they employ in their posts. Specifically, these factors affect the extent to which consumers express anger and the familiarity of their language. While consumers who have not engaged with the brand previously employ more familiar language and self-referencing following values-related crises compared to consumers who have interacted with the brand, these individuals express more anger after performance-related crises. In contrast, consumers who have previously interacted with the brand express more anger in the wake of values-related crises. We discuss the implications of our findings for brand managers using social media posts as a means of monitoring consumer perceptions.
Life-table parameters, functional response, flight ability, and cross-generational effects of matrine demonstrate its safety to Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Authors: Liu Jiamei , Liu Yangtian , Liu Bing , Dai Changchun , Wang Peiling , Lu Yanhui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In Xinjiang’s cotton growing area of China, previous studies have shown that matrine is a selective botanical insecticide, with high toxicity to Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and low toxicity to its dominant natural enemy, Hippodamia variegata Goeze (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). However, lethal effects alone are not sufficient evidence to justify introducing matrine into local IPM strategies. In this context, we systematically evaluated the safety of matrine to H. variegata by investigating the effects of contact and stomach toxicity of matrine on the lady beetle’s life-table parameters, predatory ability, flight ability of parental adults, and cross-generational effects on life-table parameters of the predator’s offspring. We found that matrine at 2,000 mg/l did not have any significant negative effects to adult fecundity, longevity, or the predatory capacity of parental adults of H. variegata. Moreover, it is the same for cross-generational effects of matrine on H. variegate. The contact toxicity of matrine significantly reduced the flight time of H. variegata males, but did not significantly affect flight time and average velocity. Our results support the view that matrine is safe to H. variegata and can be recommended for use in the local IPM strategy for control of A. gossipii.
The first recent case ofCimex hemipterus(Hemiptera: Cimicidae) withsuper-kdrmutations in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Cho Susie , Shin E-hyun , Ju Ho Cheol , Jeong Eui Seok , Lee Si Hyeock , Kim Ju Hyeon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the increase in international travel and trade, in conjunction with the development of insecticide resistance, infestations of Cimex lectularius (L.) and Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) have resurged globally in the last 2 decades. Recently, it was reported that C. hemipterus was also found in temperate regions, indicating the possibility of its expansion outside tropical regions. Cimex hemipterus has not been officially recorded in Korea since its initial description in 1934. Here, we report the first recent case of C. hemipterus in Korea based on morphological and molecular identification. Partial sequencing of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene revealed super-kdr mutations (M918I and L1014F) that are associated with pyrethroid resistance. This case report serves as a warning to intensify the bed bug surveillance system in Korea regarding the presence of C. hemipterus and to prepare effective alternative insecticides for pyrethroids.
Metagenomic profile of the bacterial communities associated with Ixodes granulatus (Acari: Ixodidae): a potential vector of tick-borne diseases
Authors: Che Lah Ernieenor Faraliana , Ahamad Mariana , Dmitry Apanaskevich , Md-Zain Badrul Munir , Yaakop Salmah 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ixodes granulatus Supino, 1897 (Acari: Ixodida) is one of Malaysia’s most common hard ticks and is a potential vector for tick-borne diseases (TBDs). Despite its great public health importance, research on I. granulatus microbial communities remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the bacterial communities of on-host I. granulatus collected from three different recreational areas on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia using high throughput Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). A total of 9 females on-host I. granulatus were subjected to metabarcoding analysis targeting V3–V4 regions of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) using the Illumina MiSeq platform. This study identified 15 bacterial phyla corresponding to 19 classes, 54 orders, and 90 families from 435 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), revealing a diverse bacterial community profile. Together with 130 genera assigned, local I. granulatus harbored 4 genera of pathogens, i.e., Rickettsia da Rocha Lima, 1916 (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) (58.6%), Borrelia Swellengrebel 1907 (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae) (31.6%), Borreliella Adeolu and Gupta 2015 (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae) (0.6%), and Ehrlichia Cowdria Moshkovski 1947 (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichiaceae) (39.9%). Some endosymbiont bacteria, such as Coxiella (Philip, 1943) (Legionellales: Coxiellaceae), Wolbachia Hertig 1936 (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichiaceae), and Rickettsiella Philip, 1956 (Legionellales: Coxiellaceae), were also detected at very low abundance. Interestingly, this study reported the co-infection of Borrelia and Ehrlichia for the first time, instilling potential health concerns in the context of co-transmission to humans, especially in areas with a high population of I. granulatus. This study successfully characterized the tick microbiome and provided the first baseline data of I. granulatus bacterial communities in Malaysia. These results support the need for way-forward research on tick-associated bacteria using NGS, focusing on medically important species toward TBD prevention.