bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
If you build it, they may not come: Understanding factors influencing use of a community resource referral technology
Authors: Fichtenberg Caroline , Cartier Yuri , Burnett Jessica , Ricks‐Stephen Coiel , Paulson Gregory 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveIdentify factors affecting the use of a community resource referral platform among local community‐based organizations (CBOs) and test strategies to increase platform use.Data Sources and Study SettingData sources included platform usage data and semi‐structured interviews. The study took place in a small city in the Northeastern United States from 2020 to 2022.Study DesignWe analyzed platform data and conducted interviews with local organizations and organizations in other communities to understand barriers to CBOs' use of the referral platform and identify strategies that might increase use. We then tested 4 strategies and assessed impacts via time trend analysis of platform usage and qualitative interviews.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsPlatform usage data were obtained from the platform. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with staff and leaders of 36 local CBOs and 9 external organizations.Principal FindingsFour years after launch, platform use remained relatively low. None of the tested strategies (data insight reports, a referral hub, tailored training, and a communication campaign) noticeably increased platform use. The main barrier to the use of the platform was the lack of perceived usefulness, mostly because existing processes for identifying resources and referring clients worked well enough and because many organizations were already required to use a client management or referral tool. Additional barriers included the lack of comfort with and, in some cases, active dislike of e‐referrals, and lack of comfort with technology tools overall. Organizations that were most likely to find the platform useful and to use it were those that provided referrals for a wide range of needs and whose staff were not already familiar with local resources.ConclusionsOrganizations seeking to implement referral platforms should not assume that local CBOs will automatically take up these platforms. For these platforms to succeed, much more attention needs to be paid to ensuring the platforms provide value to the CBOs they seek to engage.
Determinants of referral network size for screening colonoscopies in the Veterans Health Administration after the implementation of the MISSION Act
Authors: Eck Chase S. , Ho Vivian , Jiang Cheng , Petersen Laura A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo measure key characteristics of the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) Community Care (CC) referral network for screening colonoscopy and identify market and institutional factors associated with network size.Data SourcesVHA electronic health records, CC claim data, and National Plan and Provider Enumeration System.Study DesignIn this retrospective cross‐sectional study, we measure the size of the VHA's CC referral networks over time and by VHA parent facility (n = 137). We used a multivariable linear regression to identify factors associated with network size at the market‐year level. Network size was measured as the number of physicians who performed at least one VHA‐purchased screening colonoscopy per 1000 enrollees at baseline.Data ExtractionData were extracted for all Veterans (n = 102,119) who underwent a screening colonoscopy purchased by the VHA from a non‐VHA physician from 2018 to 2021.Principal FindingsFrom 2018 to 2021, median network volume of screening colonoscopies per 1000 enrollees grew from 1.6 (IQR: 0.6, 4.6) to 3.6 (IQR: 1.6, 6.6). The median network size grew from 0.63 (IQR: 0.30, 1.26) to 0.92 (IQR: 0.57, 1.63). Finally, the median procedures per physician increased from 2.5 (IQR: 1.6, 4.2) to 3.2 (IQR: 2.4, 4.7). After adjusting for baseline market characteristics, volume of screening colonoscopies was positively related to network size (β = 0.15, 95% CI: [0.10, 0.20]), negatively related to procedures per physician (β = −0.12, 95% CI: [−0.18, −0.05]), and positively associated with the percent of rural enrollees (β = 0.01, 95% CI: [0.00, 0.01]).ConclusionsVHA facilities with a higher volume of VHA‐purchased screening colonoscopies and more rural enrollees had more non‐VHA physicians providing care. Geographic variation in referral networks may also explain differences in the effects of the MISSION Act on access to care and patient outcomes.
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 contributes to adult eclosion and immune response in the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida
Authors: Wu Lixian , Xu Yajing , Li Liangbin , Cao Dainan , Liu Fang , Zhao Hongxia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring the pupal‐adult eclosion process of holometabolous insects, the old cuticle is shed and replaced by a completely different new cuticle that requires tanning and expansion, along with extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In vertebrates, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of zinc‐dependent endopeptidases, play key roles in regulating the ECM that surrounds cells. However, little is known about these extracellular proteinases available in insects. The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida, is a widespread invasive parasite of honey bees. In this study, 6 MMP homologs were identified in the SHB genome. RNA interference experiments showed that all 6 AtMmps are not required for the larval‐pupal transition, only AtMmp2 was essential for pupal‐adult eclosion in SHB. Knockdown of AtMmp2 resulted in eclosion defects and wing expansion failure, as well as mortality within 3 d of adult eclosion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that knockdown of AtMmp2 significantly increased expression of the Toll and Imd pathways, chitin metabolism, and cross‐linking (such as the pro‐phenoloxidase activating cascade pathway and the tyrosine‐mediated cuticle sclerotization and pigmentation pathway). These data revealed evolutionarily conserved functions of Mmp2 in controlling adult eclosion and wing expansion, also provided a preliminary exploration of the novel function of regulating Toll and Imd pathways, as well as new insights into how MMPs regulate insect development and defense barriers.
Improving the aroma profile of inoculated fermented sausages by constructing a synthetic core microbial community
Authors: Wu Liu , Zhao Linyu , Tao Yingmei , Zhang Di , He An , Ma Xiaozhong , Zhang Huan , Li Guoliang , Rong Liangyan , Li Ruren 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCommercial starter cultures play a critical role in the industrial production of fermented sausages. However, commercial starter cultures could not reproduce the metabolic actions of diverse microorganisms and the aroma profile of the traditional spontaneously fermented sausages. Identifying the core microbial community in spontaneously fermented sausages will facilitate the construction of a synthetic microbial community for reproducing metabolic actions and flavor compounds in spontaneously fermented sausages. This study aimed to reveal the core microbial community of spontaneously fermented sausages based on their relative abundance, flavor‐producing ability, and co‐occurrence performance. We identified five promising genera to construct the synthetic core microbial community, these were Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Macrococcus, Streptococcus, and Pediococcus. Sausages inoculated with a synthetic core microbial community presented higher quality of aroma profile than the fermented sausages inoculated with a commercial starter culture. Some important volatile flavor compounds of spontaneously fermented sausage, such as (‐)‐β‐pinene, β‐caryophyllene, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, α‐terpineol, ethyl 2‐methylpropanoate, and ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate which are associated with floral, fruity, sweet, and fresh aromas, were also detected in fermented sausage inoculated with synthetic microbial community. This indicated that the synthetic core microbial community efficiently reproduced flavor metabolism. Overall, this study provides a practical strategy to design a synthetic microbial community applicable to different scientific fields.
Accumulative prediction values of serum thyroid stimulating hormone and visceral adipose tissue for metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: A 10‐year follow‐up study of Chinese population
Authors: Yang Qiu , Cao Hongyi , Zeng Qi , Fu Bing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsWe aim to explore the cumulative predictive value of elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and visceral fat area (VFA) for metabolic syndrome (MS) development in postmenopausal women.MethodsA total of 1006 postmenopausal females were enrolled in a 10‐year prospective longitudinal study from 2011 to 2021 in the community of Banknote Printing Company of Chengdu. The sociodemographic information collection and anthropometric measurements were made by a professional nurse. Fasting blood samples were drawn for chemical analysis of fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TSH.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure VFA. All the participants were categorized into four groups according to median VFA and serum level of TSH.ResultsA total of 793 postmenopausal females without MS underwent a 10‐year follow‐up study grouping by TSH and VFA: Group 1 (TSH level <4.2 μIU/mL, and VFA < 70 cm2), Group 2 (TSH level ≥4.2 μIU/mL, and VFA < 70 cm2), Group 3 (TSH level <4.2 μIU/mL, and VFA ≥70 cm2) and Group 4 (TSH level ≥4.2 μIU/mL, and VFA ≥70 cm2). During the 10‐year follow‐up, MS was newly developed in 326 (41.1%) subjects. The incidence of MS was 29.8% (n = 53), 35.2% (n = 63), 41% (n = 87), and 55% (n = 123) from Group 1 to Group 4 (Group 4 vs other groups, p < .001). Cox regression analysis for MS prediction demonstrated that both TSH (Model 3, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07 [95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.09]) and VFA (Model 4, HR = 1.02 [95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.08]) were not only independent predictors of MS but also involved some interaction between each other (p for interaction = .021).ConclusionOur findings suggested that mutual interaction between higher TSH and VFA contributed to the development of MS. Further studies are needed to clarify these contributions.
Ten‐year clinical characteristics of patients with early‐onset type 2 diabetes: A single‐center experience in China
Authors: Yu Ruiqi , Liu Xiaoyu , Li Ruochen , Xiao Xinhua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsThe incidence of type 2 diabetes in China has exhibited an increasing trend, including younger individuals, over the past years. Early‐onset type 2 diabetes (EOT2D) refers to diabetes diagnosed before 40 years of age. These patients have poor metabolic control and are highly susceptible to diabetic complications, which poses challenges for treatment. However, few studies have reported on the treatment of EOT2D. We determined clinical features and trends in drug use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study was performed at the Endocrinology Ward, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). “Diabetes” was used when searching PUMCH's Electronic Medical Record Analytical Database to obtain clinical data of patients between January 2013 and May 2022.ResultsThe analysis included 1590 patients with T2DM. Among them, 609 (38.3%) had EOT2D. Compared with late‐onset type 2 diabetes (LOT2D) patients, EOT2D patients exhibited worse glycemic control and higher body weight and lipid levels despite significant age differences. EOT2D patients also had a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Under the general trend of increasing use of dipeptidylpeptidase‐4 inhibitors, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists, patients with EOT2D were more likely to use organ‐protective drugs.ConclusionsCompared with LOT2D patients, EOT2D patients have a longer course of diabetes, worse metabolic control, and a higher rate of developing microvascular complications. The administration of combined therapy, including new agents, may require consideration when selecting hypoglycemic agents for treating EOT2D.
The ecology and morphology of Australia's desert turtle (Emydura macquarii emmotti)
Authors: McKnight Donald T. , Georges Arthur , Guarino Fiorenzo , Bower Deborah S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCooper Creek is one of Australia's largest unregulated river systems and one of the world's most variable large river systems. It is a dynamic environment that oscillates between booms and busts; yet, many species thrive in it. One of these species, the Cooper Creek turtle (Emydura macquarii emmotti) has received little attention, despite being one of Australia's largest freshwater turtles and living further inland than any other Australian turtle. We conducted surveys for E. m. emmotti in 2001–2004, 2019, and 2022, focussing predominantly on the Waterloo waterhole. Waterloo had a large population of E. m. emmotti (508 estimated individuals; 95% CI = 447–596) with an estimated density of 64.8 turtles/ha (95% CI = 57.0–76.2) and estimate biomass of 74.4 kg/ha (95% CI = 57.6–100.3 kg/ha). Juveniles were highly abundant in all years, representing up to 63.6% of captured individuals. It was slightly (but not significantly) male‐biased in 2001–2004 and significantly female‐biased in 2019. All sizes and sexes used the floodplain during a flooding event in 2022, but more males than females were captured on the floodplain, and there was evidence of male‐biased dispersal across the years. Compared to Murray River turtles (Emydura macquarii macquarii), E. m. emmotti exhibited megacephaly across all ages and sexes, with particularly pronounced megacephaly in adult females. Algae were present on many individuals (including on the skin and plastron) but was relatively more abundant on juveniles. Leeches were not detected on any of the 66 turtles that were examined for them. The following injuries/malformations were noted: missing or injured limbs (3.2%), missing or injured eyes (1.3%), damaged shells (8.0%), scute/shell anomalies and malformations (10.6%), and marginal scute seams extending into the costals (67.4% of adults, 1.2% of juveniles). This paper presents some of the first work on this unusual turtle and makes recommendations for future research.
Preterm children born below 33–35 weeks of gestation have an increased risk of mathematical difficulties
Authors: Wiingreen Rikke , Greisen Gorm , Løkkegaard Ellen C. L. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Sørensen Kathrine K. , Andersen Mikkel P. , Hansen Bo M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between gestational age (GA) and grade point averages by domains of language and mathematics at the end of lower secondary education.MethodsA nationwide register‐based study including all Danish children born in 1992–1997 who completed lower secondary education. Grades were evaluated by GA. Domain‐specific differences in grades were investigated, and academic profiles were made.ResultsThe study population comprised 319 796 children. For language, only minor differences in grades were observed. The grades in mathematics ranged from 7.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.00–7.04) at GA = 40 weeks to 5.86 (95% CI: 5.61–6.11) at GA <28 weeks. Grade differences showed lower grades in mathematics, compared to language, below GA 33–35 weeks. The academic profile of mathematical difficulties was more prevalent among GA <32 weeks. Average/high grades within both domains represented the predominant academic profile, constituting 68.8% at GA 39–41 weeks and 56.6% at GA <28 weeks.ConclusionOnly in mathematics decreasing GA was associated with lower grades. Increased mathematical difficulties were found below GA 33–35 weeks. The academic profile of mathematical difficulties was more prevalent among GA <32 weeks. However, the absolute differences in grades were small, and the predominant academic profile was average/high grades within both domains across all GA.
Comparing Clovis and Folsom fluting via scaling analysis
Authors: Buchanan Briggs , Hamilton Marcus J. , Gala Nicholas , Smith Heather , Wilson Michael , Eren Metin I. , Walker Robert S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examines the fluting of two well‐known Late Pleistocene fluted point types in North America: Clovis and Folsom. Using scaling analyses, we assess the changing relationship between flute length and point length in a large sample of each type. Researchers use scaling to investigate the physical constraints of an object and determine how its dimensions change with size. We compare the strength and consistency of the scaling relationships between the older Clovis and the younger Folsom with the aim of shedding light on scaling differences, if any, over their temporal span. Our results show that there is a significant difference in the relationship of fluting length to point length between these types. In Folsom point manufacture, flute length increases nearly twice as fast with increasing point length than in Clovis. Importantly, the scaling of flute length to point length relationship is isometric (linear) in the Folsom sample, whereas it is allometric (sublinear) in the Clovis sample. In other words, Folsom flintknappers maintained a constant ratio of flute length to point length. Clovis flintknappers were less concerned about maintaining this ratio. We attribute this difference to a potentially increasing, or changing, functional role of fluting in Folsom.
Testing four nudges in socially responsible investments: Default winner by inertia
Authors: Meunier Luc , Richit Sophie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSocially responsible investments (SRI) suffer from a lack of investments from individual investors, despite their positive attitudes toward SRI. This attitude–behavior gap is a serious issue, as SRI is often perceived as a way to promote sustainable development. We investigate nudges, especially the default option, as a way to encourage SRI. In a pre‐registered study conducted in October 2021 with 1050 US investors, we pit four nudges against one another to encourage individual investors to invest in SRI. All nudges significantly increased investment in SRI compared with the control group. Making SRI the default option with frictions to opt‐out is the most efficient intervention. This is closely followed by a default option without friction to opt out and option partitioning, which are not significantly different from each other. Precommitment, although statistically significant, has a modest effect on investment in SRI and is inferior to the other nudges. Overall, the two types of default as well as option partitioning are significant and impactful solutions for increasing investment in SRI.
The development and predictors of a preference for strivers over naturals in the United States and China
Authors: Yang Xin , Zhao Xin , Dunham Yarrow , Bian Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcross three pre‐registered studies (n = 221 4–9‐year olds, 51% female; 218 parents, 80% female; working‐ and middle‐class backgrounds; data collected during 2019–2021) conducted in the United States (Studies 1–2; 74% White) and China (Study 3; 100% Asian), we document the emergence of a preference for “strivers.” Beginning at age 7, strivers (who work really hard) were favored over naturals (who are really smart) in both cultures (R2 ranging .03–.11). We explored several lay beliefs surrounding this preference. Beliefs about outcomes and the controllability of effort predicted the striver preference: Children who expected strivers to be more successful than naturals and believed effort was more controllable than talent preferred strivers more. Implications of the striver preference in education and beyond are discussed.
Effects of low workload respiratory training with steam inhalation on lung function in stable asthma: A controlled clinical study
Authors: Kuronen Ilpo , Heinijoki Jukka , Sovijärvi Anssi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo investigate effects of low workload respiratory muscle training (RMT) on respiratory muscle power and lung function in asthmatics, we recruited asthmatic persons who performed a 4‐week training programme. The training included 20 daily ex‐ and inhalations with counter pressure 30% from the individual maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). Lung function was measured before and after the training programme and a follow‐up period. The study also included several subjective endpoints for respiratory symptoms. A significant increase in a training group (n = 27) compared with a control group (n = 20) was seen in MEP (+12.4%, vs. +3.5%, p = 0.086), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (+21.1% vs. +0.82%, p = 0.023), slow vital capacity (VC) (+3.7% vs. +1.5%, p = 0.023) and in forced expiratory time (FET, +15.5%, vs. −5.0%, p = 0.022). After being a control for group A, also group B performed similar RMT as group A. In the combined group (A and B, n = 47) MEP (11.3%, p = 0.003), MIP (19.73%, p < 0.001), VC (4.1%, p < 0.001) and FET (14.7%, p < 0.001) increased significantly from the baseline. Changes in other lung function variables were not indicative. On a scale of 1–5, the subjects perceived improvement in reduction of mucus secretion in the airways (median 3, p < 0.001), alleviation of coughing (median 3, p < 0.001) and reduction in dyspnoea (median 3, p < 0.001). As a conclusion, low workload respiratory training of 4 weeks improved respiratory muscle power and increased VC in patients with stable asthma.
Patient and physician perspectives and experiences of basal insulin titration in type 2 diabetes in the United States: Cross‐sectional surveys
Authors: Harris Stewart B. , Mohammedi Kamel , Bertolini Monica , Carlyle Maureen , Walker Valery , Zhou Fang Liz , Anderson John E. , Seufert Jochen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimPatient‐ and physician‐associated barriers impact the effectiveness of basal insulin (BI) titration in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We evaluated the experiences of patients with T2D and physicians with BI titration education.Materials and MethodsIn this observational, cross‐sectional study, patients with T2D and physicians treating patients with T2D were identified by claims in the Optum Research Database and were invited to complete a survey. Eligible patients had 12 months of continuous health‐plan enrolment with medical and pharmacy benefits during the baseline period, and recent initiation of BI therapy. Eligible physicians had initiated BI for ≥1 eligible patient with T2D during the past 6 months.ResultsIn total, 416 patients and 386 physicians completed the survey. Ninety per cent of physicians reported treating ≥50 patients with T2D; 66% treated ≥25% of patients with BI. Whereas 74% of patients reported that BI titration was explained to them by a physician, 96% of physicians reported doing so. Furthermore, 20% of patients stated they were offered educational materials whereas 56% of physicians reported having provided materials. Physicians had higher expectations of glycaemic target achievement than were seen in the patient survey; their main concern was the patients' ability to titrate accurately (79%).ConclusionsThere is a marked difference in patients' and physicians' experiences of BI titration education. Novel tools and strategies are required to enable effective BI titration, with more educational resources at the outset, and ongoing access to tools that provide clear, simple direction for self‐titration with less reliance on physicians/health care providers.