bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Criminal Selfie: Conveying Grievance While Recording and Live Streaming Antisocial Behavior
Authors: Sandhu Ajay , Trottier Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite attempts to regulate content, social media platforms continue to host images of antisocial behavior and crime. These images include dashboard videos of road rage and CCTV footage of shoplifting, as well as more extreme recordings of torture, sexual assault, suicide, and mass shootings. These images are often produced by offenders of their own volition using smartphone cameras and wearable recording devices. We understand criminal selfies as media content of antisocial behavior or crime produced by or with the awareness of an offender. By producing a criminal selfie, an offender renders themselves vulnerable to public scrutiny, legal punishment, and other negative outcomes. Yet criminal selfies remain a popular form of toxic online communication. This manuscript theorizes that one of the previously underappreciated explanations for criminal selfies is a desire to broadcast personal grievances. In such cases, they allow an offender to publicize their motivating politics and to offer them to an online audience for consideration and discussion. Antisocial content often evokes an unfavorable ratio of denunciation versus supportive responses. We claim that some offenders wager that a criminal selfie nonetheless earns their grievances a degree of awareness and, potentially, consequence. Some criminal selfies reflect a willingness to self-incriminate by documenting antisocial behavior in hopes that their images will contribute to public discourse. This article contributes to studies of criminal visibility by addressing how it can be intended as political expression. We first outline the concept of the criminal selfie and how it reflects a changing relationship between visibility and criminality in contemporary digital society. We then review literature on the motives of criminals who film themselves. We seek to compliment this literature by considering socially and politically aggrieved individuals producing antisocial content. This includes livestreams of white nationalist mass shootings (Christchurch, Halle) as well as a series of Reddit groups that solicit and (counter-)denounce antisocial grievances by digital media users (r/iamverybadass, r/publicfreakout, r/iamatotalpieceofshit).
Modeling the biological growth with a random logistic differential equation
Authors: Ornelas Arelly , Delgado-Vences Francisco , Morales-Bojórquez Enrique , Cruz-Escalona Victor Hugo , Marín-Enríquez Emigdio , Hernández-Camacho Claudia J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe modeled biological growth using a random differential equation (RDE), where the initial condition is a random variable, and the growth rate is a suitable stochastic process. These assumptions let us obtain a model that represents well the random growth process observed in nature, where only a few individuals of the population reach the maximal size of the species, and the growth curve for every individual behaves randomly. Since we assumed that the initial condition is a random variable, we assigned a priori density, and we performed Bayesian inference to update the initial condition’s density of the RDE. The Karhunen–Loeve expansion was then used to approximate the random coefficient of the RDE. Then, using the RDE’s approximations, we estimated the density f(p, t). Finally, we fitted this model to the biological growth of the giant electric ray (or Cortez electric ray) Narcine entemedor. Simulations of the solution of the random logistic equation were performed to construct a curve that describes the solutions’ mean for each time. As a result, we estimated confidence intervals for the mean growth that described reasonably well the observed data. We fit the proposed model with a training dataset, and the model is tested with a different dataset. The model selection is performed with the square of the errors.
Neuropathic foot ulcers in the tallest patients with acromegalic gigantism: a common and significant problem. Historical overview
Authors: de Herder Wouter W. , Raymond Warren A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeWe present a historical overview on neuropathic ulcers in patients with acromegalic gigantism.Materials and methodsThe case histories of 6 famous patients with acromegalic gigantism and living in the twentieth century were analyzed. The combined final height and maximum weight of these giants were: 272 cm. & 215.9 kg., 218.4 cm. & 125 kg., 242 cm. & 165 kg., 220.5 cm. & 135 kg., 235 cm. & 136 kg. and 224.8 cm. & 174 kg.ConclusionsNeuropathic foot ulcers leading to hospital admissions and surgical and medical interventions were reported in 6 patients with acromegalic gigantism. These ulcers significantly impaired the daily activities of these individuals. Neuropathies of the sural nerve in patients with acromegalic gigantism can lead to hypoesthesia and hypoalgesia of the lower legs and feet. Potential contributing factors for the development of neuropathic ulcers of the feet in patients with acromegalic gigantism and neuropathy might be leg and foot deformities, muscle weakness and poor quality footwear. Diabetes mellitus, or impaired glucose intolerance does not necessarily seem to play a role.
Toxicity Assessment of Urban Dust from Barranquilla, a Colombian Caribbean City, using Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Osorio-Martinez Jorge , Silva Luis F. , Flores Erico M. M. , Druzian Gabriel T. , Olivero-Verbel Jesus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUrban dust is a reservoir of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) that can be incorporated into aquatic ecosystems where they bioaccumulate and biomagnify causing toxic effects. The aim of this work was to assess the PTEs’ concentrations and toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans of inorganic extracts from urban dust of Barranquilla, the largest Colombian Caribbean city. Trace elements were analyzed by inductively couple plasma-mass spectrometry. PTEs concentration decreased in the order Sr > Cu > Ba > Mo > Se > Cr > V > Ni > As > Zn > Rb > Mn > Sb > Co > Sn > Cd > La > Ce >Tl ≈ Bi > Ag ≈ Pb. Inorganic extracts from urban dust affected physiological parameters in the nematode, such as survival, growth and locomotion. Lethality showed a positive relation with Sr and negative with V. Growth displayed a negative association with Mo. Expression of mtl-2, sod-4, and unc-25 genes was induced by PTEs. The results suggest that C. elegans is a sensitive organism capable of responding to exposure to urban dust extracts, being a suitable sensor for the implementation of warning systems related to risks to biota associated with air pollution.
DNA methylation clocks for clawed frogs reveal evolutionary conservation of epigenetic aging
Authors: Zoller Joseph A. , Parasyraki Eleftheria , Lu Ake T. , Haghani Amin , Niehrs Christof , Horvath Steve 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

To address how conserved DNA methylation-based epigenetic aging is in diverse branches of the tree of life, we generated DNA methylation data from African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) and Western clawed frogs (Xenopus tropicalis) and built multiple epigenetic clocks. Dual species clocks were developed that apply to both humans and frogs (human-clawed frog clocks), supporting that epigenetic aging processes are evolutionary conserved outside mammals. Highly conserved positively age-related CpGs are located in neural-developmental genes such as uncx, tfap2d as well as nr4a2 implicated in age-associated disease. We conclude that signatures of epigenetic aging are evolutionary conserved between frogs and mammals and that the associated genes relate to neural processes, altogether opening opportunities to employ Xenopus as a model organism to study aging.
Combining seeded region growing and k-nearest neighbours for the segmentation of routinely acquired spatio-temporal image data
Authors: Zerweck Lukas , Wesarg Stefan , Kohlhammer Jörn , Köhm Michaela 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The acquisition conditions of medical imaging are often precisely defined, leading to a high homogeneity among different data sets. Nonetheless, outliers or artefacts still appear and need to be reliably detected to ensure a reliable diagnosis. Thus, the algorithms need to handle small sample sizes especially, when working with domain specific imaging modalities.

Methods
In this work, we suggest a pipeline for the detection and segmentation of light pollution in near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging (NIR-FOI), based on a small sample size. NIR-FOI produces spatio-temporal data with two spatial and one temporal dimension. To calculate a two-dimensional light pollution map for the entire image stack, we combine region growing and k-nearest neighbours (kNN), which classifies pixels into fore- and background by its entire temporal component. Thus, decision-making on reduced data is omitted.

Results
We achieved a $$F_1$$

F
1

score of 0.99 for classifying a data set as light polluted or pollution-free. Additionally, we reached a total $$F_1$$

F
1

score of 0.90 for detecting regions of interest within the polluted data sets. Finally, an average Dice’s coefficient measuring the segmentation performance over all polluted data sets of 0.80 was accomplished.

Conclusions
A Dice’s coefficient of 0.80 for the area segmentation does not seem perfect. However, there are two main factors, besides true prediction errors, lowering the score: Segmentation mistakes on small areas lead to a rapid decrease in the score and labelling errors due to complex data. However, in combination with the light-polluted data set and pollution area detection, these results can be considered successful and play a key role in our general goal: Exploiting NIR-FOI for the early detection of arthritis within hand joints.
The analysis of partisan differences in advanced democracies. The “independent variable problem” reconsidered
Authors: Zohlnhöfer Reimut 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper challenges the idea that using governing parties’ policy positions is necessarily desirable in quantitative analyses of partisan differences in public policies. Rather, for some research questions parties’ affiliation with certain party families is the preferable solution. The paper shows that the use of policy positions instead of party family affiliation shifts the research question from asking whether parties make a difference in public policy to the question whether parties in government do what they promise. This shift can have considerable analytical costs and can potentially blindfold scholars for certain dynamics. Moreover, the use of party family affiliation has less drawbacks than is often claimed even under multidimensional party competition if the simple distinction between left, center and right parties is abandoned and more fine-grained data for various party families are used.
Acid functionalized polypropylene derivatives to adsorb Mn (II) from aqueous solutions: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic modeling
Authors: Bakry Ahmed , Elmesallamy Salwa M. , Fekry Mohamed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolypropylene wastes were used to prepare carboxylated (CPP) and sulfonated (SPP) microparticles for the adsorption of Mn (II) from aqueous media. The microparticles derivatized with nitric or sulfuric acid were characterized in terms of their physico-chemical properties. The generated functional groups on CPP (–COOH and –NO2) and SPP (–COOH, –SO3H, and C = C) enhanced the adsorption of metal ions. The adsorption behavior of Mn (II) ions on the derivatized microparticles was studied under different conditions: Solution pH, polymer dose, contact time, initial concentration of Mn (II) ions, and temperature. Application of kinetics and equilibrium models to the data revealed that the adsorption processes followed pseudo-second order reactions and the Langmuir isotherm. SPP achieved a higher maximum adsorption capacity (9.15 mg g−1) than CPPs (5.51 mg g−1). Therefore, sulfonation was considered the most efficient approach to produce a suitable surface functionality for the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, thermodynamic studies showed that all adsorption processes are spontaneous and feasible (ΔG = − 1.32 and − 1.46 kJ mol−1 at 20 °C for CPP and SPP, respectively), which ensure the possibility of employing acid-derivatized PP microparticles for metal removal.
Graphical abstract
Genotype–phenotype relationship and comparison between eastern and western patients with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Lin X. , Hu J. , Zhou B. , Zhang Q. , Jiang Y. , Wang O. , Xia W. , Xing X. , Li M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic relationship in a large cohort of OI patients and to compare the differences between eastern and western OI cohorts.

Methods
A total of 671 OI patients were included. Pathogenic mutations were identified, phenotypic information was collected, and relationships between genotypes and phenotypes were analyzed. Literature about western OI cohorts was searched, and differences were compared between eastern and western OI cohorts.

Results
A total of 560 OI patients were identified as carrying OI pathogenic mutations, and the positive detection rate of disease-causing gene mutations was 83.5%. Mutations in 15 OI candidate genes were identified, with COL1A1 (n = 308, 55%) and COL1A2 (n = 164, 29%) being the most common mutations, and SERPINF1 and WNT1 being the most common biallelic variants. Of the 414 probands, 48.8, 16.9, 29.2 and 5.1% had OI types I, III, IV and V, respectively. Peripheral fracture was the most common phenotype (96.6%), and femurs (34.7%) were most commonly affected. Vertebral compression fracture was observed in 43.5% of OI patients. Biallelic or COL1A2 mutation led to more bone deformities and poorer mobility than COL1A1 mutation (all P < 0.05). Glycine substitution of COL1A1 or COL1A2 or biallelic variants led to more severe phenotypes than haploinsufficiency of collagen type I α chains, which induced the mildest phenotypes. Although the gene mutation spectrum varied among countries, the fracture incidence was similar between eastern and western OI cohorts.

Conclusion
The findings are valuable for accurate diagnosis and treatment of OI, mechanism exploration and prognosis judgment. Genetic profiles of OI may vary among races, but the mechanism needs to be explored.
Artificial intelligence, text generation tools and ChatGPT – does digital watermarking offer a solution?
Authors: Lancaster Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractText generation tools, often presented as a form of generative artificial intelligence, have the potential to pose a threat to the integrity of the educational system. They can be misused to afford students marks and qualifications that they do not deserve. The emergence of recent tools, such as ChatGPT, appear to have left the educational community unprepared, despite the fact that the computer science community has been working to develop and improve such tools for years. This paper provides an introduction to text generation tools intended for a non-specialist audience, discussing the types of assessments that students can outsource, showing the type of prompts that can be used to generate text, and illustrating one possible watermarking technique that may allow generated text to be detected. A small-scale study into watermarking suggests that this technique is feasible and show technical promise but should not be relied on as a solution to widespread use of artificial intelligence based tools by students. Alternative solutions are needed, including encouraging the educational community to work with artificial intelligence rather than against it. As such, the paper concludes by discussing seven potential areas for further exploration.
AMST2: aggregated multi-level spatial and temporal context-based transformer for robust aerial tracking
Authors: Park Hasil , Lee Injae , Jeong Dasol , Paik Joonki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, many existing visual trackers have made significant progress by incorporating either spatial information from multi-level convolution layers or temporal information for tracking. However, the complementary advantages of both spatial and temporal information cannot be leveraged when these two types of information are used separately. In this paper, we present a new approach for robust visual tracking using a transformer-based model that incorporates both spatial and temporal context information at multiple levels. To integrate the refined similarity maps through multi-level spatial and temporal encoders, we propose an aggregation encoder. Consequently, the output of the proposed aggregation encoder contains useful features that integrate the global contexts of multi-level spatial and the temporal contexts. The feature we propose offers a contrasting yet complementary representation of multi-level spatial and temporal contexts. This characteristic is particularly beneficial in complex aerial scenarios, where tracking failures can occur due to occlusion, motion blur, small objects, and scale variations. Also, our tracker utilizes a light-weight network backbone, ensuring fast and effective object tracking in aerial datasets. Additionally, the proposed architecture can achieve more robust object tracking against significant variations by updating the features of the latest object while retaining the initial template information. Extensive experiments on seven challenging short-term and long-term aerial tracking benchmarks have demonstrated that the proposed tracker outperforms state-of-the-art tracking methods in terms of both real-time processing speed and performance.
A method for modelling polymer electrolyte decomposition during the Li-nucleation process in Li-metal batteries
Authors: Wu Liang-Ting , Andersson Edvin K. W. , Hahlin Maria , Mindemark Jonas , Brandell Daniel , Jiang Jyh-Chiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElucidating the complex degradation pathways and formed decomposition products of the electrolytes in Li-metal batteries remains challenging. So far, computational studies have been dominated by studying the reactions at inert Li-metal surfaces. In contrast, this study combines DFT and AIMD calculations to explore the Li-nucleation process for studying interfacial reactions during Li-plating by introducing Li-atoms close to the metal surface. These Li-atoms were added into the PEO polymer electrolytes in three stages to simulate the spontaneous reactions. It is found that the highly reactive Li-atoms added during the simulated nucleation contribute to PEO decomposition, and the resulting SEI components in this calculation include lithium alkoxide, ethylene, and lithium ethylene complexes. Meanwhile, the analysis of atomic charge provides a reliable guideline for XPS spectrum fitting in these complicated multicomponent systems. This work gives new insights into the Li-nucleation process, and experimental XPS data supporting this computational strategy. The AIMD/DFT approach combined with surface XPS spectra can thus help efficiently screen potential polymer materials for solid-state battery polymer electrolytes.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on generalized multiscale mean permutation entropy and GWO‐LSSVM
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Zijin , Qian Xuefei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFaults in rolling bearings are usually observed through pulses in the vibration signals. However, due to the influence of complex background noise and interference from other machine components present in measurement equipment, vibration signals are typically non‐stationary and often contaminated by noise. Therefore, in order to effectively extract the random variation and non‐linear dynamic variation characteristics of vibration signals, a new method of rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on generalized multiscale mean permutation entropy (GMMPE) and grey wolf optimized least squares support vector machine (GWO‐LSSVM) is put forward in this paper. Based on the multiscale permutation entropy (MPE), the multiscale equalization is firstly used to replace the coarse grained process, and the value of mean is extended to variance to avoid the dynamic mutation of the original signal. Finally, the parameters of LSSVM are optimized by the grey wolf optimization algorithm to achieve accurate identification of fault modes. The results of simulation and experiment show that applying the proposed GMMPE to rolling bearing fault feature extraction is feasible and superior, and the method based on GMMPE and GWO‐LSSVM has better noise robustness, which can effectively achieve rolling bearing fault diagnosis.
Pension fund investments in infrastructure
Authors: Carlo Alexander , Eichholtz Piet , Kok Nils , Wijnands Ruud 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInfrastructure investment is increasingly important for institutional investors. This paper focuses on pension fund allocations to infrastructure, using the CEM Benchmarking database. We document that larger pension funds, public pension funds, and pension funds with a higher allocation to other alternative assets are more likely to invest in infrastructure. Pension funds across the globe face infrastructure investment costs that are comparable, but we observe significant scale advantages in infrastructure investments, with larger pension funds exhibiting lower investment costs, and higher net returns. Importantly, infrastructure has been among the best-performing asset classes, as measured by net returns, and we document persistence in pension fund infrastructure investment performance over a one-year horizon.
γ-enolase (ENO2) is methylated at the Nτ position of His-190 among enolase isozymes
Authors: Kasai Fumiya , Kako Koichiro , Maruhashi Syunsuke , Uetake Toru , Yao Yuan , Daitoku Hiroaki , Fukamizu Akiyoshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Protein methylation is mainly observed in lysine, arginine and histidine residues. Histidine methylation occurs at one of two different nitrogen atoms of the imidazole ring, producing Nτ-methylhistidine and Nπ-methylhistidine, and it has recently attracted attention with the identification of SETD3, METTL18 and METTL9 as catalytic enzymes in mammals. Although accumulating evidence had suggested the presence of more than 100 proteins containing methylated histidine residues in cells, much less information has been known regarding histidine-methylated proteins than lysine- and arginine-methylated ones, because no method has been developed to identify substrates for histidine methylation. Here, we established a method to screen novel target proteins for histidine methylation, using biochemical protein fractionation combined with the quantification of methylhistidine by LC-MS/MS. Interestingly, the differential distribution pattern of Nτ-methylated proteins was found between the brain and skeletal muscle, and identified γ-enolase where the His-190 at the Nτ position is methylated in mouse brain. Finally, in silico structural prediction and biochemical analysis showed that the His-190 in γ-enolase is involved in the intermolecular homodimeric formation and enzymatic activity. In the present study, we provide a new methodology to find histidine-methylated proteins in vivo and suggest an insight into the importance of histidine methylation.