bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colon, colorectal and all cancer incidence increase in the Young due to appendix reclassification
Authors: Bleyer Archie , Ries Lynn A G , Cameron Danielle B , Mansfield Sara A , Siegel Stuart E , Barr Ronald D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Increases in colon and colorectal cancer incidence among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have been reported progressively. Most of the increase may be due to an artifact caused by reclassifying appendiceal carcinoids/neuroendocrine tumor (NET) as malignant.

Methods
Age-adjusted incidence and survival data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) SEER22 database.

Results
In AYAs during 2000-2020, appendix cancer had an average annual percent change (AAPC) in incidence increase that in males was 3.7 times greater than the next most increasing cancer (AAPC12.8,95%CI: 10.9-14.6 vs AAPC3.4 [kidney] , 95%CI : 2.7-3.5) and correspondingly in females 2.9-fold greater (AAPC14.6,95%CI : 11.9-17.3 vs AAPC4.2 [pancreas], 95%CI : 3.6-4.8). From 2000-2009 to 2015-2020, appendix cancer incidence increased 17-,6.5-and 2.5-fold in children 0-14, AYAs 15-39, and adults 40-49 years of age, respectively. Carcinoid/NET accounted for 95%, 90% and 80% of appendix cancer increase in the three age groups, respectively. In 3,446 AYAs diagnosed during 2010-2020 with ‘malignant’ appendix NET, the 6-year cancer specific survival was 99.4% (95%CI , 99.0%to99.6%). From 2000-2009 to 2015-2020, colon carcinoma incidence in AYAs increased 61% with the appendix included, and only 11% with the appendix excluded.

Conclusions
Reclassification of appendix NET/carcinoids as malignant has artifactually increased the incidence of colon, colorectum, and all cancer in children and AYAs. Appendix NET/carcinoids are rarely fatal in &lt; 40 year-olds and should not be considered as cancer and included in colorectal cancer analyses. To the extent that the appendix artifact occurs in 40-49 year-olds, recommendations for starting colorectal cancer screening earlier may be affected.\
A survey of triploid block inconsistency: potential mechanisms and evolutionary implications on polyploid speciation
Authors: Salony Susnata , Clo Josselin , Kolář Filip , Lafon Placette Clément 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The triploid block, primarily caused by endosperm developmental issues, is known as a significant barrier to interploidy hybridization among flowering plants and thereby, polyploid speciation. However, its strength varies across taxa, with some instances of leakiness, questioning its universal role as a barrier. We conducted a literature survey to explore the causes of the variation in the strength of triploid block across 11 angiosperm families. We particularly assessed the impact of interploidy cross direction, types of endosperm development, endosperm persistence at seed maturity, and divergence between cytotypes using a Bayesian meta-analysis. We found a significant influence of the type of endosperm in shaping variation in triploid block strength. Other factors tested had no impact on triploid seed viability, likely due to limited data and inconsistencies in estimation methods across the literature. In addition, triploid seed viability in experimental crosses was sometimes correlated to the occurrence of triploid hybrids in nature, sometimes not, suggesting a mixed role of the triploid block in shaping interspecies gene flow. Altogether, our study highlights the need for unified approaches in future studies on the triploid block to advance our understanding of its variation and evolutionary implications.
The effect of legislation on perceived disability discrimination: a heterogeneous difference-in-differences analyses
Authors: Gugushvili Alexi , Grue Jan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Equalizing opportunities and outcomes between individuals with and without disabilities is a stated goal for most governments in Western welfare democracies. Yet, significant disability-based inequalities remain in many domains of life. One of the causes of this gap is the widespread discrimination of individuals with disabilities. Over the last two decades, most European countries have introduced anti-discrimination legislation to reduce disability-based discrimination. This study examines the impact of anti-discrimination legislation on perceived disability discrimination across 28 European societies using data from the European Social Survey and newly compiled information on disability-related laws. Using a heterogenous difference-in-differences approach, our analysis covers the period from 2002 to 2020, focusing on adults aged 25 to 64 who report disabilities. We find no evidence that anti-discrimination legislative changes reduced perceived disability discrimination in the analyzed countries. There is some supporting evidence, though, that the adoption of an anti-discrimination legal framework, in the long run, was linked with higher perceived disability discrimination among males. We conclude that across Europe, and in keeping with the persistence of disability-based inequalities, legislative efforts have so far been ineffective in combating disability discrimination as perceived by people with disabilities.
The Importance of Existing Social Protection Programs for Mental Health in Pandemic Times
Authors: Cho Yoonyoung , Molina Teresa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using panel data from the Philippines around the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper compares depression rates among beneficiaries of an existing social protection program (a conditional cash transfer program known as the 4Ps) to non-beneficiaries of similar socioeconomic status. Depression rates were low and almost identical for the two groups in late 2019. They increased dramatically for both groups but were significantly lower for 4Ps beneficiaries by July 2020, after the initiation of strict quarantine measures and the distribution of large emergency cash transfers to both groups. The findings suggest that the 4Ps program mattered more for mental health during the crisis, for two possible reasons. First, regular cash support might become more valuable in times of economic hardship and uncertainty. Second, the existing program infrastructure can improve the effectiveness of a government’s crisis response—in this case, by allowing for more timely distribution of emergency cash to those already part of the social protection system.
The effect of spinal cord morphology on intraoperative neuromonitoring alerts in spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Fowler Hayley , Jones Richard , Van Nortwick Sara S. , Dow Matthew A. , Barfield William R. , Mooney James F. , Murphy Robert F. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
A spinal cord morphology classification has linked intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) alerts in adults undergoing spine deformity correction with spinal cord type. The purpose of this study was to apply the same classification to Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing spinal fusion and investigate the association of alerts to cord type.

Methods:
AIS patients with pre-operative MRIs of the neural axis from 2019-2022 who underwent spinal fusion were included. T2-weighted axial MRI images at the deformity’s apex were used to classify spinal cord morphology into 3 types as described by Sielatycki et al. Cord type was associated with preoperative demographic and radiographic findings and the occurrence of IONM alerts during surgery.

Results:
Eighty-three patients qualified for inclusion. There were 32 (39%) Type 1, 45 (54%) Type 2, and 6 (7%) Type 3 cords. Patients with Type 3 cords demonstrated a significantly larger mean Cobb angle (P=0.004), coronal DAR (P=0.002), and larger preoperative kyphosis (P=0.033).
There were 14/83 patients (17%) with IONM alerts: 3/32 (9%) in Type 1, 7/45 (16%) in Type 2, and 4/6 (67%) in Type 3. The odds of an IONM alert were 19.33x greater with a Type 3 cord versus a Type 1 cord (P=0.003). Males were at greater risk of IOMN alerts (P=0.042).

Conclusions:
In a cohort of exclusively AIS patients, a Type 2 cord was the most common (54%). Type 3 cords demonstrated significantly larger coronal and sagittal plane radiographic deformities and demonstrated a 19.33x higher odds ratio of an IONM alert than Type 1.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III
Atypical Mpox Cutaneous Presentation After Full Vaccination
Authors: Schreidah Celine M. , Jenkins Blair A. , Trager Megan H. , Husain Sameera , Coromilas Alexandra J. , Dastidar Joyeeta G. , Miko Benjamin A. , Zucker Jason , Gallitano Stephanie M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
In 2022–2023 mpox outbreak led to declaration of a public health emergency. Smallpox vaccination has led to increased immunity and a decrease in clinical disease. The role of vaccination in immunosuppressed patients is not well understood. We present an atypical case of cutaneous mpox, presenting in a fully vaccinated, immunosuppressed, HIV-negative patient as an initial isolated, subcutaneous neck mass. We review the diagnostic dilemma and workup for these atypical cases.
Premerger observation and characterization of massive black hole binaries
Authors: Cabourn Davies Gareth , Harry Ian , Williams Michael J. , Bandopadhyay Diganta , Barack Leor , Bayle Jean-Baptiste , Hoy Charlie , Klein Antoine , Middleton Hannah , Moore Christopher J. , Nuttall Laura , Pratten Geraint , Vecchio Alberto , Woan Graham 
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate an end-to-end technique for observing and characterizing massive black hole binary signals before they merge with the LISA space-based gravitational-wave observatory. Our method uses a zero-latency whitening filter, originally designed for rapidly observing compact binary mergers in ground-based observatories, to be able to observe signals with no additional latency due to filter length. We show that with minimal computational cost, we are able to reliably observe signals as early as 14 days premerger as long as the signal has accrued a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 8 in the LISA data. We also demonstrate that this method can be used to characterize the source properties, providing early estimates of the source’s merger time, chirp mass, and sky localization. Early observation and characterization of massive black holes is crucial to enable the possibility of rapid multimessenger observations, and to ensure that LISA can enter a protected operating period when the merger signal arrives.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Determining local distribution of convective heat transfer coefficients on the tool during orthogonal cutting
Authors: Wilker Julius , Göttlich Tim , Helmig Thorsten , Solana Gómez Rafael , Askarizadeh Hossein , Kneer Reinhold 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
Particularly during machining, large heat sources and thus high temperature gradients and mechanical stress occur in the cutting zone. By using cutting fluids, part of the heat generated can be dissipated, thereby reducing local temperatures. To quantify the cooling efficiency of the cutting fluid, the flow behaviour of the cutting fluid in vicinity of the cutting zone must be determined to derive the resulting convective heat transfer coefficients at the tool. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the local distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient as a function of the flow boundary conditions, specifically evaluating the effects of Reynolds number, injection angle and nozzle radius.

Design/methodology/approach
The geometries, temperature fields as well as the heat sources resulting during the machining process are extracted from a chip formation simulation using finite element method (FEM) and used to set up a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow simulation.

Findings
On the tool rake face, the local distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient can be divided into three regions. Firstly, the region where the liquid impinging jet initially strikes, then a region near the chip where the flow is strongly deflected and then the remaining region in the boundary layer region. For each region, a function is derived that describes its position, subsequently the mean convective heat transfer coefficient is determined and summarised in a Nusselt correlation as a function of the flow parameters.

Research limitations/implications
Simulation results reveal that the distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient on the tool rake face can be divided into three distinct regions: the impingement zone where the impinging jet first strikes, the deflection zone near the chip where the flow sharply redirects and the boundary layer zone covering the remaining surface. A geometric function is derived to describe the position and extent of each of these areas. In addition, the mean convective heat transfer coefficient can be determined for each of the regions using a Nusselt correlation based on the flow parameters.

Practical implications
These correlations allow for simplified determination of the local convective heat transfer coefficient on the tool.

Originality/value
This paper introduces an innovative approach for estimating the local distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient at the tool rake face during orthogonal cutting under cutting fluid supply. The influence of the three-dimensional flow field of the cutting fluid jet of the convective heat transfer coefficient on the tool rake face is analysed in detail in the vicinity of the chip as a function of varying Reynolds numbers, nozzle radii and injection angles within a three-dimensional geometry.
The impact of financial stress on consumer confidence: evidence from survey data
Authors: Rooj Debasis , Sengupta Reshmi , Banerjee Anurag 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis paper explores the impact of financial stress (FS) on consumer confidence (CC) using survey data.Design/methodology/approachWe use novel household-level survey data on CC by the Reserve Bank of India. FS data come from the financial stress index (FSI) released by the Tracking Asian Integration of Asian Development Bank. The sample period is 2015–2023. We align the lagged monthly values of FSI with the household-level data to uncover the impact of FS on household confidence in the economy.FindingsRising FS leads to increased pessimism among households regarding the state of the economy. Educated and well-off households are more sensitive to FS. Moreover, FS significantly impacts confidence regarding households’ own consumption basket and economic scenarios. A disaggregated analysis reveals that FS related to foreign exchange and debt spread causes greater pessimism among households than in the equity market and banking sector. Additionally, the impacts of FS are asymmetric, with above-average FS lowering household attitudes, while below-average FS increases optimism about the economy’s outlook.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the impact of FS on household CC using household-level data for an emerging economy such as India. Micro-level data allow us to explore the impact of FS on household perceptions of current economic situations and future outlooks. We also uncover the impact of FS on households’ confidence in their own economic outcomes.
Digital leadership and adaptive capacity of family firms: intervening roles of sensing capability and organizational agility
Authors: Razzak Mohammad Rezaur , Al Kharusi Sami , Umrani Waheed Ali , Al Riyami Said 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThe goal of this research is to examine the influence of digital leadership (DL) on adaptive capacity (ADC) of small- and medium-sized family businesses (SMFBs). Moreover, the study investigates the mediating influence of the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities represented by sensing capability (SC) and organizational agility (OA), both parallelly and sequentially.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the dynamic capabilities view (DCV) and supporting empirical evidence, a conceptual framework is developed along with a set of hypotheses. Using survey data collected from 263 SMFBs in Oman, the hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling through partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe analysis reveals that DL positively influences ADC, SC and OA. Additionally, SC and OA both parallelly mediate the link between DL and ADC. Finally, both SC and OA act as sequential mediators in the relationship between DL and ADC among SMFBs.Practical implicationsFor practitioners, the study reveals critical role of DL in strengthening SMFBs. Family business leaders may consider the evidence and invest in leadership development programs to enhance digital competencies, enabling better SC and agility. Policymakers can offer training programs and resources, helping family businesses to build DL and dynamic capabilities essential for thriving in a competitive and evolving business environment.Originality/valueThis study makes four key contributions. First, this study expands the literature at the crossroads of the family business, digitalization, dynamic capabilities and resilience, to investigate the influence of DL on ADC. Second, the role of SC as a mediator in the above relationship, tested in the current study, seems to be overlooked in the empirical literature. Third, the findings demonstrate the mediating role of OA in relationship between DL and ADC. Finally, this appears to be the first study that presents sequential mediating role of SC and OA between DL and ADC, adding a finer-grained understanding of how influence of DL is transmitted to ADC.
Oral language as a foundation for meaningful classroom literacy learning
Authors: Halcrow Katherine 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis paper describes oral language as a multi-faceted and unconstrained phenomenon, including its social purpose in societies and the implications of this for education. It provides a critique of the concepts of oral language which have come to dominate literacy and language education policy across the Organisation of Economic Collaboration and Development (OECD) in Anglophone countries like Australia. This paper synthesises the interdisciplinary evidence regarding the nature of oral language from the broad field of “language sciences” and explains the implications of this for literacy education. The paper includes recommendations for educational research, school leaders and policymakers.Design/methodology/approachA synthesis of interdisciplinary evidence from across the “language sciences” is outlined, drawing on Aristotle’s notion of sound with meaning. The evidence highlights the emphasis given to “sound” and “meaning” within various perspectives and shows that meaning is essential to oral language and provides a lens with which to evaluate educational policy and practice.FindingsFindings from a synthesis of evidence across the language sciences and research on school-based practice suggest a number of implications for policy and practice in linguistically diverse settings. Firstly, phonological awareness through musical and drama processes can be applied in the early years of oral language development. Secondly, that oral language is a complementary communicative tool rather than an isolated practice. Finally, that oral language for the classroom may better reflect language’s social purpose to coordinate around meaning.Originality/valueThis paper is an important clarifier at a time when the place of oral language has become constrained within particular educational models in the Anglosphere. This paper highlights that oral language is a basis for learning to read and write throughout the schooling years, but also in life in the ongoing generative work that language allows and demands.
Low‐pressure cold plasma pretreatment: Impact on quality attributes of “Fan Retief” guava and efficacy against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Mlambo Bafana , Kutu Funso R. , Belay Zinash A. , Mphahlele Rebogile R. , Suinyuy Terence , Mokwena Lucky , Caleb Oluwafemi James 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis work investigated the impact of low‐pressure cold plasma (CP) as a pretreatment with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic trays or open corrugated cardboard (OCC) boxes on the overall quality of “Fan Retief” guava fruits stored for 28 days at 13°C. Untreated samples placed in PET and OCC served as control. Guava fruits followed typical climacteric responses, but CP‐treated samples significantly slowed down respiration (RRCO2) and ethylene production rate during storage (p ≤ 0.05). On day 28, CP‐treated samples retained the highest titratable acidity and total phenolics compared to untreated samples (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, CP pretreatment better maintained the relative abundance of characteristic volatile compounds for guava fruits during storage, effectively delayed decay incidence, and inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in vivo compared to control.Practical ApplicationThis study demonstrated low‐pressure cold plasma as a potential alternative phytosanitary tool for the postharvest handling of guava fruit.
Perioperative Treatment in EGFR‐Mutant Early‐Stage Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Guo Xiaobei , Liu Xiaoyan , Guo Chao , Miao Qian , Cheng Xinghua , Hong Xuan , Li Hongru , Qiu Xiaoming , Xiang Yi , Zheng Di , Zhou Jian , Jiang Liyan , Xu Yan , Wang Mengzhao 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAdjuvant osimertinib administered over a 3‐year period in patients diagnosed with stage IB–IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations has not only shown improvement in event‐free survival but also demonstrated a prolonged overall survival (OS), leading to its approval as a standard treatment in this context. Meanwhile, no targeted studies have been conducted on the efficacy of adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in these patients. Although studies such as IMPOWER‐010 and KEYNOTE‐091 have included a small number of patients with positive driver genes, no definitive conclusions regarding the OS benefit have been established. Neoadjuvant targeted therapy is not currently recommended because of insufficient evidence, characterized by a low depth of pathological response and no reported improvement in survival outcomes. The same is true for neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with EGFR mutations. Although numerous issues such as refining patient population selection, determining appropriate combination therapy regimens, establishing primary endpoints, assessing the influence of perioperative complications, and accurately evaluating the clinical application of circulating tumor DNA in various scenarios exist, several promising ongoing trials, including ADAURA2 and NEOADURA, are expected to provide valuable insights that will help address these questions. Here, we summarize the available evidence and clinical issues that need to be considered to optimize clinical decision‐making for patients with EGFR‐mutant NSCLC.