bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of FABP1, NGAL, Cystatin C and IL-18 in an Indian Cohort of Hospitalized Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) Patients
Authors: SAHA ROHINI , Sharma Samriddhi , Mondal Antara , Sati Hem Chandra , Khan Maroof Ahmad , Mahajan Sandeep , Datta Sudip , Shalimar  , Acharya Pragyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a complication of cirrhosis associated with high short-term mortality. The risk of mortality in ACLF increases with the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Hence, early detection of AKI is critical in ACLF. Serum biomarkers of tissue injury FABP1, IL-18, NGAL and CysC have been been reported to be associated with severity and mortality in ACLF in various reports. However, their performance in Indian ACLF population is unclear. Hence, the objective of our study was to evaluate the utility of these biomarkers in early detection of AKI and 28-day mortality in an Indian ACLF cohort.
Results: Serum samples were collected from 150 study participants including ACLF, non-liver AKI and healthy controls. Biomarker levels were determined by ELISA. FABP1 and CysC levels were significantly different between ACLF patients with and without AKI however, none of the biomarkers were not significantly diagnostic for AKI nor predictive for 28-day mortality in our cohort.
Therefore, in our cohort of ACLF patients, serum measurements of FABPI, NGAL and CysC and IL-18, do not have significant utility as predictors of AKI or 28-day mortality.
Predicting the past and future evolutionary space of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Dong Xiaofeng , Matthews David , Gallo Giulia , Darby Alisdair , Donovan-Banfield I'ah , Goldswain Hannah , MacGill Tracy , Myers Todd , Orr Robert , Bailey Dalan , Carroll Miles , Hiscox Julian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 emerged in the human population in late 20191,2, went through population bottlenecks3 and has undergone adaptation and evolution by single nucleotide polymorphisms and recombination. In individual humans, viral populations consist of dominant (the most common) and minor variant genomes4. Subsequent spread has driven the selection of variants that are more transmissible and capable of partial immune escape5-7. However, whether novel variants can be predicted is unknown. An analysis of 96,559 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and their associated variation in samples sequenced over a three-year period paint a detailed picture of viral population genetics. Variants contained non-synonymous amino acid changes, but there was little synonymous variability. Non-synonymous changes have increased in frequency as the pandemic progressed, with spike having the most changes. Amino acid variation associated with the Alpha and Delta Variants of Concern (VoCs) took three months to replace the previous lineages, however this occurred more quickly with Omicron. Mutational signals associated with VoCs and the current Omicron lineage were observed near the start of the pandemic in the UK, suggesting it was only a matter of time before such VoCs emerged. Machine leaning was used to develop a model that predicted the variable amino acid sites in spike that may be subject to future mutation and thus can inform design of medical countermeasures and provide a risk-based evaluation of viral properties.
Transforming South Asia's Economic Growth: Empowering Entrepreneurship through Technological Innovation, Financial Development, and Institutional Quality
Authors: Chowdhury Emon Kalyan , Abdullah Mohammad Nayeem , Quader Syed Manzur 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The focus of this study is to analyze the key elements that have a significant impact on the economic growth in South Asia, specifically the development of entrepreneurship, technological innovation, and the quality of institutions. Through meticulous analysis of annual data from 2010 to 2022, encompassing all South Asian countries except Afghanistan, a compelling correlation between entrepreneurship development, technological innovation, and the coveted economic prosperity is unveiled. These findings ignite a spark of inspiration, highlighting the pivotal roles of nurturing entrepreneurship and fostering technological advancements in driving sustainable economic growth in this vibrant region. However, the pressing need to address the barriers hindering progress cannot be overlooked. It becomes evident that enhancing financial development and institutional quality is crucial for unlocking South Asia's boundless potential. Equipped with practical policy formulations, governments and institutions can seize the opportunity to elevate these responsible factors and propel South Asia towards a future of unparalleled economic progress.
JEL: O15; 033; P48; H55; G28
Genetic relationship between colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis revealed by bioinformatics
Authors: Huang Tianfu , Lan ShuiQing , Wang Yan , Tai Weilong , Huang Xusen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the bioinformatics analysis methods of genes associated with colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis.
Methods
We employed the intersection of the differential genes between UC and healthy controls, differential genes between UC dysplasia and UC, and the differential genes between UC dysplasia and healthy controls in GSE47908 to obtain overlapping genes and validated their accuracy in the TCGA dataset of COAD and GSE40967 to screen risk genes. The GSE110224/GSE113513 dataset of CODA, and the UC and COAD-related dataset GSE3629 were integrated for WGCNA analysis after normalizing the data. NOMO plot analysis was performed using the expression of overlapping genes of modular and risk genes in GSE47908 with UC dysplasia and UC.
Results
1576 overlapping genes were detected after screening for differential genes, which were validated in the TCGA and GSE datasets of colorectal cancer to construct a prognostic model. It was found that all P-values were less than 0.05 after survival analysis and less than 0.05 for progression-free survival, and the area under the risk score curve of the ROC curve was 0.894, which could be more accurate as a predictor of patient prognostic indicators. Then, WGCNA analysis was performed on UC, COAD and healthy controls to obtain five modular genes and intersected with overlapping genes to obtain 490 overlapping genes, and NOMO plotting by the LASSO algorithm to obtain seven key genes to predict the risk score of UC progression to COAD.
Conclusion
We screened seven gene indicators that could be used as key biomarkers of colorectal cancer susceptibility in patients with ulcerative colitis.
The cost of primary care consultations associated with long COVID in non-hospitalised adults: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data
Authors: Tufts Jake , Guan Naijie , Zemedikun Dawit , Subramanian Anuradhaa , Gokhale Krishna , Myles Puja , Williams Tim , Marshall Tom , Calvert Melanie , Matthews Karen , Nirantharakumar Krishnarajah , Jackson Louise , Haroon Shamil 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The economic impact of managing long COVID in primary care is unknown. We estimated the costs of primary care consultations associated with long COVID and explored the relationship between risk factors and costs.
Methods
Data were obtained on non-hospitalised adults from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum primary care database. We used propensity score matching with an incremental cost method to estimate additional primary care consultation costs associated with long COVID (12 weeks after COVID-19) at an individual and UK national level. We applied multivariable regression models to estimate the association between risk factors and consultations costs beyond 12 weeks from acute COVID-19.
Results
Based on an analysis of 472,173 patients with Covid-19 and 472,173 unexposed individuals, the annual incremental cost of primary care consultations associated with long COVID was £2.44 per patient and £23,382,452 at the national level. Among patients with COVID-19, a long COVID diagnosis and longer-term reporting of symptoms were associated with a 43% and 44% increase in primary care consultation costs respectively, compared to patients without long COVID symptoms. Older age, female sex, obesity, being from a white ethnic group, comorbidities and prior consultation frequency were all associated with increased primary care consultation costs.
Conclusions
The costs of primary care consultations associated with long COVID in non-hospitalised adults are substantial. Costs are significantly higher among those diagnosed with long COVID, those with long COVID symptoms, older adults, females, and those with obesity and comorbidities.
A Bibliometric analysis of research on stability of functional beverages by use of hydrocolloids using VOSviewer mapping analysis computations
Authors: Chaturvedi Neelam , Sahrawat Neha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article presents a scientific overview of studies on the stabilization of functional beverages in relation to the use of hydrocolloids globally, an emerging yet expanding association that has developed through time and been systematized since 1963. A bibliometric analysis based on data from 717 records was used for examining the extracted articles after the screening from databases in Scopus, Web of Science core collection and Dimensions.ai between 2002 and 2022, using VOSviewer. The outcomes included publications on use of hydrocolloids in stabilization of functional beverages were significantly increased globally after 2017. China, Iran, United States and Brazil were the most productive producer of research that have played a leading role in collaborative research on application of stabilizers in functional beverages. The study also focuses on highly cited articles addressing the application of hydrocolloids in stabilization had been identified in several substantially cited publications. The journal co-citations revealed 75 specific journals and co-citation between cited references obtained a result of 134 cited references mainly published in Food Hydrocolloids and Food Chemistry. The co-occurrence of keywords that appeared extensively were offering evidence of a progression that permits for the rise of competing hypotheses on the implications of the use of hydrocolloids in the stabilization of functional beverages.
Evaluation of Lung Volumes and Gas Exchange in Surfactant-Deficient Rabbits Between Variable and Fixed Servo Pressures During High-Frequency Jet Ventilation
Authors: DiBlasi Robert , Micheletti Kellie , Romo Tina , Malone Patrik , Orth Jeff , Richards Evan , Kajimoto Masaki , Goldstein Justin , Keszler Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective To investigate a novel servo pressure (SP) setting during high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) for a lung protective strategy in a neonatal model of acute respiratory distress.Study design: Comparison of efficacy between variable (standard) and fixed SP settings in a randomized animal study using rabbits (n = 10, mean weight = 1.80 kg) with surfactant-deficiency by repeated lung lavages.Results Rabbits in fixed SP group had greater peak inspiratory pressure, SP, minute volume, pH, and PaO2, and lower PaCO2 after lung lavage than the variable SP group. Lung volume monitoring with electrical impedance tomography showed that fixed SP reduced the decline of the global lung tidal variation at 30 minutes after lung lavage (-17.4% from baseline before lavage) compared to variable SP (-44.9%).Conclusion HFJV with fixed SP significantly improved gas exchange and lung volumes compared to variable SP. Applying a fixed SP may have important clinical implications for patients receiving HFJV.
Inhibition of CEACAM1 expression in cytokine-activated neutrophils using JAK inhibitors
Authors: Matsumoto Haruki , Sudo Ryota , Fujita Yuya , Onizawa Michio , Saito Kenji , Sumichika Yuya , Yoshida Shuhei , Temmoku Jumpei , Matsuoka Naoki , Asano Tomoyuki , Sato Shuzo , Suzuki Eiji , Machida Takeshi , Migita Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives: Carcinoembryonic-antigen-related cell-adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is an adhesion molecule that acts as a coinhibitory receptor in the immune system. We previously demonstrated that CEACAM1 is predominantly expressed on peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with RA. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) on cytokine-activated human neutrophils and CEACAM1 expression.
Methods: Peripheral blood neutrophils were obtained from healthy subjects. Isolated neutrophils were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in the presence or absence of JAKi. The expression of CEACAM1 in peripheral blood neutrophils was analyzed by flow cytometry. Protein phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3, and STAT5 was assessed by Western blot using phospho-specific antibodies.
Results: We found that TNF-α-induced CEACAM1 expression was marginally suppressed after pretreatment with pan-JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib. Moreover, TNF-α induced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation at the late stimulation phase (4 to 16 h). The expressions of CEACAM1 on neutrophils were markedly up-regulated by GM-CSF not by interleukin (IL)-6 stimulation. All JAKi inhibited GM-CSF-induced CEACAM1 expressions on neutrophils, however, the inhibitory effects of baricitinib were larger compared to those of tofacitinib or filgotinib. Moreover, CEACAM1 was marginally upregulated in IFN-γ stimulated neutrophils. Similarly, JAKi inhibited interferon (IFN)-γ-induced CEACAM1 expressions on neutrophils.
Conclusions: We demonstrated that JAKi prevent GM-CSF-induced CEACAM1 expression in neutrophils, and JAKi-induced inhibition depends on their selectivity against JAK isoforms. These findings suggest that JAKi can modulate the expression of CEACAM1 in cytokine-activated neutrophils, thereby limiting their activation.
Neutralizing antibody responses assessment after vaccination in People Living with HIV in the Republic of the Congo
Authors: Batchi-Bouyou Armel Landry , Djontu Jean Claude , Ingoba Line Lobaloba , Mougany Jiré Séphora , Mouzinga Freisnel Hermeland , Ntabi Jacques Dollon Mbama , Kouikani Franck Yannis , Ndala Arcel Christ Massamba , Diafouka-kietela Steve , Ampa Raoul , Ntoumi Francine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
HIV has been reported to interfere with protective vaccination against multiple pathogens, usually through the decreased effectiveness of the antibody responses. We aimed to assess neutralizing antibody responses induced by COVID-19 vaccination in PLWH in Brazzaville, Republique of Congo
Method
The study was conducted at the Ambulatory Treatment Center of the National HIV Program, in charge of over 6000 PLWH, and the health center of FCRM in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo.Participants were divided into two groups: PLWH with well-controlled HIV infection (CD4 counts no older than one week ≥ 800 / mm3, undetectable viral load of a period no older than one week and regularly taking Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for at least 6 months) and the non-PLWH (healthy HIV-negative volunteers). These groups were subdivided by vaccination status: fully Vaccinated with adenovirus-based vaccines (Janssen/Ad26.COV2.S and Sputnik/Gam-COVID-Vac) or inactivated virus vaccine (Sinopharm/BBIP-CorV) and a control group of unvaccinated healthy individuals. All participants were RT-PCR negative at inclusion and/or with no documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ELISA method was used for detecting IgG and neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens using a commercial neutralizing assay. All participants were RT-PCR negative at inclusion and/or with no documented history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Results
We collected oropharyngeal and blood samples from 1016 participants including 684 PLWH and 332 non-PLWH. Both PLWH and non-PLWH elicited high levels of antibody responses after complete vaccination with inactivated virus vaccine (Sinopharm/BBIP-CorV) and adenovirus-based vaccines (Janssen/Ad26.COV2.S and Sputnik/Gam-COVID-Vac). Overall, no difference was observed in neutralization capacity between non-PLWH and PLWH with well-controlled HIV infection.
Conclusion
The results from this study underline the importance of implementing integrated health systems that provide PLWH the opportunity to benefit HIV prevention and care, at the same time with monitoring their vaccine-induced antibody kinetics for appropriate booster schedules.
MIB Guides: Preclinical radiopharmaceutical dosimetry
Authors: Carter Lukas Michael , Zanzonico Pat B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Preclinical dosimetry is essential for guiding the design of animal radiopharmaceutical biodistribution, imaging, and therapy experiments, evaluating efficacy and/or toxicities in such experiments, ensuring compliance with ethical standards for animal research, and providing reasonable initial estimates of normal-organ doses in humans, required for clinical translation of new radiopharmaceuticals. This MIB guide provides a basic protocol for obtaining preclinical dosimetry estimates with organ-level dosimetry software.
Correlation between Shear-wave Elastography and Diffusion-weighted MRI in Breast Cancer: Association with Imaging Characteristics and Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Kwon Mi-ri , Youn Inyoung , Ko Eun Sook , Choi Seon-Hyeong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We aimed to investigate the correlation between shear-wave elastography (SWE) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in breast cancer and to identify the associated characteristics. We included 91 breast cancer patients who underwent SWE and breast MRI prior to surgery between January 2016 and November 2017. We measured the lesion’s mean (Emean) and maximum (Emax) elasticities of SWE and ADC values. We evaluated the correlation between SWE, ADC values and tumor size. The mean SWE and ADC values were compared for categorical variable of the pathological/imaging characteristics. ADC values showed negative correlation with Emean (r = − 0.315, p = 0.002) and Emax (r = − 0.326, p = 0.002). SWE was positively correlated with tumor size (r = 0.343–0.366, p < 0.001). A higher SWE value indicated a tendency towards a higher T stage (p < 0.001). Triple-negative breast cancer showed the highest SWE values (p = 0.02). SWE were significantly higher in breast cancers with posterior enhancement, vascularity, and washout kinetics (p < 0.02). SWE stiffness and ADC values were negatively correlated in breast cancer. SWE values correlated significantly with tumor size, and were higher in triple-negative subtype and aggressive imaging characteristics.
Using a Deep Learning Model to Address Interobserver Variability in the Evaluation of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) Severity
Authors: Kim Jeong Heon , Choe A Reum , Park Yehyun , Song Eun Mi , Byun Ju Ran , Lee Rena , Kim Jin Sung , Ahn So Hyun , Jung Sung Ae 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The use of endoscopic images for the accurate assessment of ulcerative colitis (UC) severity is crucial to determining appropriate treatment. However, experts may interpret these images differently, leading to inconsistent diagnoses. This study aims to address the issue by introducing a standardization method based on deep learning. We collected 254 rectal endoscopic images from 115 patients with UC, and five experts in endoscopic image interpretation assigned classification labels based on the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) scoring system. Interobserver variance analysis of the five experts yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.8431 for UCEIS scores and a kappa coefficient of 0.4916 when the UCEIS scores were transformed into UC severity measures. To establish a consensus, we created a model that considered only the images and labels on which more than half of the experts agreed. This consensus model achieved an accuracy of 0.94 when tested with 50 images. Compared with models trained from individual expert labels, the consensus model demonstrated the most reliable prediction results.
The Human Microglia Atlas (HuMicA) Unravels Changes in Homeostatic and Disease-Associated Microglia Subsets across Neurodegenerative Conditions
Authors: Ballestar Esteban , Martins-Ferreira Ricardo , Calafell-Segura Josep , Leal Bárbara , Rodríguez-Ubreva Javier , Mereu Elisabetta , Costa Paulo Pinho e 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Dysregulated microglia activation, leading to neuroinflammation, is crucial in neurodegenerative disease development and progression. The initial M1/M2 dual activation classification for microglia is outdated. Even the ‘disease-associated microglia’ (DAM) phenotype, firstly described in mice, falls short in representing the diverse microglia phenotypes in pathology. In this study, we have constructed a transcriptomic atlas of human brain immune cells by integrating single-nucleus (sn)RNA-seq datasets from multiple neurodegenerative conditions. Sixteen datasets were included, comprising 295 samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorder, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Lewy body diseases, COVID-19, and healthy controls. The integrated Human Microglia Atlas (HuMicA) dataset included 60,557 nuclei and revealed 11 microglial subpopulations distributed across all pathological and healthy conditions. Among these, we identified four different homeostatic clusters as well as pathological phenotypes. These included two stages of early and late activation of the DAM phenotype and the disease-inflammatory macrophage (DIM) phenotype, which was recently described in mice, and is also present in human microglia, as indicated by our analysis. The high versatility of microglia is evident through changes in subset distribution across various pathologies, suggesting their contribution in shaping pathological phenotypes. Our analysis showed overall depletion of four substates of homeostatic microglia, and expansion of niche subpopulations within the DAM and DIM spectrum across distinct neurodegenerative pathologies. The HuMicA is invaluable in advancing the study of microglia biology in both healthy and disease settings.