bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and predictors of weaning failure from veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy in patients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Dettling Angela , Kellner Caroline , Sundermeyer Jonas , Beer Benedikt N. , Besch Lisa , Bertoldi Letizia Fausta , Blankenberg Stefan , Dauw Jeroen , Eckner Dennis , Eitel Ingo , Graf Tobias , Horn Patrick , Jozwiak‐Nozdrzykowska Joanna , Kirchhof Paulus , Kluge Stefan , Krais Jannis , von Lewinski Dirk , Linke Axel , Luedike Peter , Lüsebrink Enzo , Nordbeck Peter , Pappalardo Federico , Pauschinger Matthias , Proudfoot Alastair , Rassaf Tienush , Reichenspurner Hermann , Sag Can Martin , Scherer Clemens , Schulze P. Christian , Schwinger Robert H.G. , Skurk Carsten , Sramko Marek , Tavazzi Guido , Thiele Holger , Morici Nuccia , Winzer Ephraim B. , Westermann Dirk , Schrage Benedikt , Mangner Norman 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate incidence and predictors of weaning failure and in‐hospital death after successful weaning from veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS).Methods and resultsOverall, 685 patients with CS treated with VA‐ECMO from 23 tertiary care centres in 7 countries were analysed (median age 57 [interquartile range 49–66] years, 542 [79.1%] male, median lactate 7.6 [interquartile range 4.1–12.7] mmol/L). The cause of CS was acute myocardial infarction in 438 (63.9%) patients, and 431 (62.9%) patients presented with cardiac arrest. A total of 410 patients (59.9%) were successfully weaned from VA‐ECMO, whereas in 275 patients (40.1%) weaning failed (i.e. patients died on or within 48 h after VA‐ECMO support). Of the successfully weaned patients, 150 (36.6%) died before hospital discharge. On multivariable logistic regression, predictors for both patient groups varied: age (per 10 years, odds ratio [OR] 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–1.76; p < 0.001) and cardiac arrest before VA‐ECMO implantation (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.01–2.64; p = 0.04) were associated with weaning failure, whereas lactate clearance within 24 h after VA‐ECMO initiation was associated with successful weaning (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.1–0.44; p < 0.001). In‐hospital death after successful weaning was more likely with higher age (per 10 years, OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.24–1.97; p < 0.001), renal replacement therapy (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.4–4.68; p = 0.002) and bleeding events (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.4–6.14; p = 0.004).ConclusionWeaning from VA‐ECMO fails in 40% of patients treated with VA‐ECMO for CS. When successful, survival after VA‐ECMO weaning mostly depends on age and the incidence of device‐ and shock‐related complications.
Ground Motion, Estimated Shaking, and Structural Response at Campi Flegrei During Bradyseism
Authors: Cito Pasquale , Baraschino Roberto , Iervolino Iunio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCampi Flegrei, a densely populated volcanic area bordering the city of Naples (Italy), is currently undergoing volcanic unrest accompanied by seismic activity. Between August 2023 and December 2024, 32 events with duration magnitude equal to or larger than were recorded, with the largest one . More than 1000 three‐component accelerometric waveforms from these events were collected in a database made available as supplemental material to this paper, for earthquake engineering analyses. Using the database, this study first discusses the recorded shaking in terms of intensity measures of structural interest. Second, using a ground motion model calibrated ad‐hoc for Campi Flegrei and representing its peculiar features, it presents maps of the estimated shaking from the largest magnitude event and maps of the largest shaking considering all events. Finally, the structural response of single degree‐of‐freedom systems, representing code‐conforming masonry and reinforced‐concrete structures, are evaluated by means of non‐linear dynamic analysis. Results show that structural actions close to the epicenters (i.e., less than 1 km), can be non‐negligible at some vibration periods. However, ground motion attenuation is such that the largest estimated shaking, from all events, is reduced by more than 60% already at less than 4 km from the epicenters. The structural effects on code‐conforming structures are generally negligible, with limited engagement of non‐linear behavior only for the masonry structure and only in close proximity to the epicenter of the earthquake.
Dynamic Soil Pressures on Rigid Vertical Walls in Presence of Generalized Inhomogeneous Soils
Authors: Della Corte Armando , Letizia Nunzia , Tsikas Aggelos , François Stijn , Anoyatis George 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe problem of evaluating the dynamic pressures and the associated forces that are induced by ground shaking on rigid vertical walls is revisited. This study develops a novel benchmark semi‐analytical elastodynamic model for the dynamic response of rigid walls. It extends the pioneering work of Veletsos and Younan in 1994 to treat generalized inhomogeneous backfills. The soil is treated as an approximate continuum of the Tajimi type. This approximation lies in reducing the two elastodynamic equations that govern the soil motion under plane strain conditions to one, that satisfies the equilibrium in the horizontal direction. The soil inhomogeneity is introduced via a power law variation of shear modulus with depth, and is tackled by employing simple trigonometric shape functions. The eigenvalues and the corresponding soil modes are now obtained by solving a generalized eigenvalue problem. Solutions are developed for a single rigid wall retaining an infinitely long soil layer over bedrock and for a pair of two rigid walls retaining a finite‐length backfill. The results are presented in terms of dynamic horizontal pressures, base moments, and shear forces. The effects of both harmonic and earthquake‐induced excitation are investigated. Additional expressions for the horizontal and vertical soil displacements and the shear stresses are derived. The model's predictions are found to be in good agreement with the results from finite element (FE) analyses and existing analytical models. A solution for the one‐dimensional harmonic response of an inhomogeneous soil stratum is also provided, enabling the evaluation of free‐field response.
A Novel Statistical Method for Unmasking Sex‐Specific Genomics Signatures in Complex Traits
Authors: Mansouri Samaneh , Rochette Mélissa , Labonté Benoit , Zhang Qingrun , Chen Ting‐Huei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGenotype–phenotype association studies have advanced our understanding of complex traits but often overlook sex‐specific genetic signals. The growing awareness of sex‐specific influences on human traits and diseases necessitates tailored statistical methodologies to dissect these genetic intricacies. Rare genetic variants play a significant role in disease development, often exhibiting stronger per‐allele effects than common variants. In sex‐dimorphic analysis, traits are viewed as having two sex‐specific subsets rather than being uniformly defined. Existing methods for gene‐based analysis of rare variants across multiple traits can identify shared genetic signals but cannot reveal the specific subsets from which significant signals originate. This means that when a significant signal is detected, it remains unclear whether it arises from the male samples, female samples, or both. To address this limitation, we propose SubsetRV, a new methodology capable of identifying genes associated with specific traits or diseases in males, females, or both. SubsetRV can also be applied to broader applications in multiple traits analysis. Simulation studies have demonstrated SubsetRV's reliability, and real data analysis on bipolar disorder and schizophrenia has revealed potential sex‐specific genetic signals. SubsetRV offers a valuable tool for identifying sex‐specific genetic candidates, aiding in understanding disease mechanisms. An R package for SubsetRV is available on GitHub. It can be accessed directly through this link: https://github.com/Mansouri-S/SubsetRV.
Comparative Analysis of COVID‐19 Severity and Mortality Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals During the Delta Variant Surge in a Tertiary Care Center: A Cohort Study
Authors: Hasani Fatemeh , Norouzi Zahra , Jazi Kimia , Roshandel Gholamreza , Norouzi Alireza 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsOn March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a pandemic. The spread of the Delta variant of coronavirus started in June 2021 and accounted for the fifth peak of COVID‐19 in Iran in July 2021. According to reports from other countries, vaccination protects against severe diseases caused by COVID‐19, including the Delta variant. Studies have also shown that vaccination provides strong protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, COVID‐19‐related hospitalization, and mortality. This retrospective cohort study was designed based on the medical care monitoring center database of Sayyad Shirazi Hospital.MethodsCOVID‐19 confirmed patients' data were extracted for this study from June 22, 2021, to September 22, 2021 including demographic characteristics, signs and symptoms, ICU admission, need for aggressive oxygen therapy, including intubation, mortality, and vaccination status.ResultsA total of 2962 patients were enrolled. Being vaccinated was associated with a 4.14‐fold increase in survival (adjusted OR = 4.14; 95% CI: 2.22–7.69; p < 0.01), and individuals in a younger age group demonstrated a 5.58‐fold higher likelihood of surviving (adjusted OR = 5.58; 95% CI: 4.25–8.14; p < 0.01). The risk of severe COVID‐19 was significantly lower in vaccinated individuals, showing a 3.12‐fold decrease in risk (adjusted OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 2.06–4.72; p < 0.01), and in younger age groups, the risk exhibited a 3.28‐fold decrease (adjusted OR = 3.28; 95% CI: 2.66–4.04; p < 0.01).ConclusionThe present results suggest that receiving at least one dose of COVID‐19 vaccine had a significant relationship with decreased COVID‐19 severity and mortality in vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated patients.
Risk of Dementia and Its Associated Factors Among the Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Attending a Tertiary Cardiac Hospital of Dhaka City: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Omi Fardina Rahman , Barua Lingkan , Banik Palash Chandra , Rahman Syed Mosfiqur , Faruque Mithila 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsIn Bangladesh, data related to the future risk of dementia and its associated factors are scarce. Furthermore, no dementia risk prediction tool has yet been applied to estimate the risk in any population in Bangladesh. Therefore, our objective was to assess the risk of dementia and its associated factors among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study conveniently recruited 280 stable patients with CAD who were admitted for coronary revascularization at a tertiary cardiac hospital situated in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected face‐to‐face using a pretested questionnaire adapted from the WHO STEP‐wise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) of Noncommunicable Diseases Risk Factors questionnaire (Version 3.2). The questionnaire included background information (sociodemographic, comorbidity), behavioral and metabolic risk factors, physical and biochemical measurements. The next 20 years' risk of dementia was estimated using the “Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia” score. The risk score, risk levels, and risk factors were presented descriptively. The associated factors of dementia risk were elucidated using hierarchical multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe mean ( ± standard deviation) risk score for dementia was 6.26 ± 2.28. The predicted “at‐risk” population was 63.6%. The prevalent risk factors were unhealthy diets (84.3%) presented by inadequate fruit/vegetable consumption (70%) and added salt intake (46.4%). In the final model of hierarchical multiple regression, the risk score showed a significant association with several risk factors: family history of diabetes (p = 0.03), alcohol intake (p = 0.03), current smoking (p = 0.03), estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.02).ConclusionA substantial proportion of patients with CAD had a future risk of dementia which demands an urgent risk reduction strategy in Bangladesh. Future longitudinal studies may more precisely justify the current findings.
Using Real‐Time Power BI Formative Feedback to Improve Nurse Anesthesia Students' Clinical Competence: An Educational Intervention
Authors: Khalafi Ali , Choopani Sajjad , Sarvi‐Sarmeydani Nooshin , Maraghi Elham 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe escalating complexity of diseases and the burgeoning demand for proficient nurse anesthetists underscore the critical need for graduates optimally equipped to deliver competent care across varying patient conditions. Given the gap between the expected and actual clinical competencies among graduates, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of formative assessment coupled with immediate online feedback on the clinical competence of anesthesia nursing students in peri‐anesthesia care.MethodsThis educational intervention was conducted with the participation of nurse anesthesia students who were enrolled into intervention and control groups. The intervention entailed providing immediate, web‐based feedback on students' performance through a visual dashboard on Microsoft Power BI, along with weekly assessments using the Common Clinical Assessment Tool (CCAT). The control group received traditional, verbal feedback.ResultsStatistical analysis revealed significant improvements in clinical competence scores in the intervention group compared to the control group. The intervention group showed a notable progression in clinical competency scores from baseline to endpoint (mean scores: 35.06 ± 1.62 to 79.58 ± 1.02), significantly outperforming the control group (mean scores: 29.93 ± 1.38 to 62.09 ± 1.47, p‐value < 0.0001).ConclusionsIntegrating formative assessment with immediate online feedback (e.g., Microsoft Power BI) demonstrably enhances clinical competence in student nurse anesthetists. This study advocates for such advanced feedback mechanisms in competency‐based nursing education to address competency gaps. These innovative approaches to education and evaluation hold promise for preparing competent nurse anesthetists, potentially leading to improved anesthesia care quality and patient safety.
Purification of mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles using ultrafiltration
Authors: Lei Rui , Ren Shuai , Ye Hua , Cui Zhanfeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC‐sEVs) are pivotal for the curative effects of mesenchymal stromal cells, but their translation into clinical products is hindered by the technical challenges of scaled production and purification. Ultrafiltration, a pressure‐driven membrane separation method, is well known as an efficient, scalable, and cost‐effective approach for bioseparation. However, there has been little study so far that comprehensively evaluates the potential application of ultrafiltration for scaled sEV isolation and purification. In this study, the feasibility and effectiveness of ultrafiltration for MSC‐sEV isolation and purification are studied, and the effects of key process design and operational parameters, including the membrane pore size, transmembrane pressure (TMP), stirring speed (shear rate), feed concentration, are quantified using a stirred cell setup. Results revealed that 500 kDa molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) polyethersulfone membrane demonstrated superior suitability for MSC‐sEV separation, yielding higher purity and productivity compared to 100 and 300 kDa MWCO membranes of the same material. The MSC‐sEV productivity and purity could also be improved by applying a moderate stirring speed and lower operational pressure, respectively. Isovolumetric diafiltration was incorporated to enhance the purity of MSC‐sEVs, successfully removing about 99% of protein contaminants by six diafiltration volumes (DVs). Subsequently, a fed‐batch ultra‐diafiltration (UF/DF) process with optimised filtration parameters was developed and compared with the currently most used ultracentrifugation (UC) method, showing exceptional effectiveness and performance in the isolation of MSC‐sEVs: it increased the recovery of MSC‐sEV from 20.59% to 60.88% (about three folds increase) and nearly doubled the purity, while also reducing processing time from over 4 h to 3.5 h, with a potential further reduction to less than 2.5 h through automation. The study concludes that ultrafiltration could be a promising method for both lab‐scale preparation and industrial‐scale manufacture of MSC‐sEVs, offering advantages of high recovery, scalability, fast, and cost‐effectiveness.
Does p‐lactate increase in patients with GSD1 after ingesting a meal with common‐size sources of fructose and galactose? Observations from a prospective, non‐blinded, crossover pilot study
Authors: Caroee Camilla Diana B. , Lund Allan M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIngestion of fructose and galactose may result in elevated lactate concentrations in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD1). In this randomized cross‐over pilot study, 7 patients with GSD 1a (6) and GSD1b (1) orally consumed a common‐size fructose and galactose from either 200 mL of skimmed milk, 200 mL juice or 200 mL water. This was given after a night with their usual dietary treatment using either cornstarch, glycosade or continuous feed. P‐lactate and ‐glucose were measured 2 h before dosing (T = −120 min and −60 min). At baseline (T = 0), p‐lactate, p‐glucose, p‐triglycerides, p‐uric acid and p‐alanine were measured just before dosing. P‐lactate and p‐glucose were measured every 30 min for 4 h. Four hours after the consumption (T = 240 min, end‐of‐test), levels of p‐lactate, p‐glucose, p‐triglycerides, p‐uric acid and p‐alanine were measured. P‐lactate increased in three patients with mean of 0.3 mmol/L (range 0.2–0.6 mmol/L) after consuming milk. The highest level was seen after 60 min. A decrease was seen in three patients. P‐lactate increased in four patients with a mean increase at 1.3 mmol/L (range 0.2–2.2 mmol/L) after consuming 200 mL juice. A peak increase was seen after the first 30 min in two patients whereas the peak in the remaining two patients was at 60 min; all values decreased to baseline values after further 60 min. In two patients, p‐lactate was unchanged, respectively, decreased after juice ingestion. Calculation of galactose and fructose AUC percentage change after challenge did not reveal consistent increase or decreases.
Refractory Pyostomatitis Vegetans With Multiple Aseptic Cutaneous Abscesses Successfully Treated With Filgotinib in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Dandoy C. , Franchimont D. , Delvaux C. , Buggenhout A. , Bernardi D. , Del Marmol V. , White J. M. L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe report on a 31‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with active moderate‐to‐severe ulcerative colitis and a history of splenectomy. He was hospitalized due to confluent pustular oral lesions and multiple skin abscesses. After ruling out an infection, we diagnosed pyostomatitis vegetans associated with aseptic abscess syndrome. After multiple unsuccessful treatments (corticosteroids, infliximab, ciclosporin, ustekinumab and colectomy), filgotinib, a JAK 1 inhibitor, was then initiated, resulting in the complete resolution of skin lesions.
Iron and phosphorus limitations modulate the effects of carbon dioxide enrichment on a unicellular nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacterium
Authors: Chen Ze , Xie Wenqian , Kranz Sven , Hong Haizheng , Shi Dalin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) availability constrain the growth and N2 fixation of diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the global ocean. However, how Fe and P limitation may modulate the effects of ocean acidification on the unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium Crocosphaera remains largely unknown. Here, we examined the physiological responses of Crocosphaera watsonii WH8501 to CO2 enrichment under both nutrient‐replete and steadily Fe‐ or P‐limited conditions. Increased CO2 (750 μatm vs. 400 μatm) reduced the growth and N2 fixation rates of Crocosphaera, with Fe limitation intensifying the negative effect, whereas CO2 enrichment had a minimal impact under P limitation. Mechanistically, the high CO2 treatment may have led to a reallocation of limited Fe to nitrogenase synthesis to compensate for the reduction in nitrogenase efficiency caused by low pH; consequently, other Fe‐requiring metabolic pathways, such as respiration and photosynthesis, were impaired, which in turn amplified the negative effects of acidification. Conversely, under P limitation, CO2 enrichment had little or no effect on cellular P allocation among major P‐containing molecules (polyphosphate, phospholipids, DNA, and RNA). Cell volumes were significantly reduced in P‐limited and high CO2 cultures, which increased the surface : volume ratio and could facilitate nutrient uptake, thereby alleviating some of the negative effect of acidification on N2 fixation. These findings highlight the distinct responses of Crocosphaera to high CO2 under different nutrient conditions, improving a predictive understanding of global N2 fixation in future acidified oceans.
Size matters: Perspective and angle‐correction improves accuracy in noninvasive image‐based body size measurements
Authors: Bøhn T. , Watts E. , Primicerio R. , Bjørn P. , Strøm J. F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRiver management should secure conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of aquatic resources. Conservation of fish populations requires time‐series data on the number of fish present and the size‐structure. The number of fish and species composition can be resolved by video‐surveillance, but detailed measurements of body size often come from more intrusive methods such as fish traps and electrofishing that impose additive stress or mortality on individuals. We have developed and tested a nonintrusive method for video‐surveillance which enables estimation of fish length, of anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) in a subarctic river. We use pixel counts in images of fish that swim through a tunnel, to measure the size of the fish, and calibrate our measurements with two parallel laser lines (100 mm apart) that are visible on the fish, both from the side and from above, facilitated by a 45° mirror. We demonstrate how the accuracy in body length measurements depends on camera perspective, fish angle, body curvature and swimming speed, and evaluate this with three independent observers. Our results show that the typically used side‐view camera (lateral view) underestimated the fish on average by 10.7%, but that accuracy could be significantly improved by including: (1) angle‐correction (for non‐perpendicular fish positioning), (2) by measuring the fish from above (dorsal view), and (3) by including the body curvature of actively swimming fish. Our method represents a cost‐efficient approach for monitoring size‐structure in vulnerable populations that is of management concern and where intrusive monitoring should be avoided.