bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candidate 3-benzazepine-1-ol type GluN2B receptor radioligands (11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers) have high binding in cerebellum but not to σ1 receptors
Authors: Cai Lisheng , Liow Jeih-San , Morse Cheryl L. , Telu Sanjay , Davies Riley , Manly Lester S. , Zoghbi Sami S. , Chin Frederick T. , Innis Robert B. , Pike Victor W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionWe recently reported11C-NR2B-SMe ([S-methyl-11C](R,S)-7-thiomethoxy-3-(4-(4-methyl-phenyl)butyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-1-ol) and its enantiomers as candidate radioligands for imaging the GluN2B subunit within ratN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. However, these radioligands gave unexpectedly high and displaceable binding in rat cerebellum, possibly due to cross-reactivity with sigma-1 (σ1) receptors. This study investigated11C-labeled enantiomers of a close analogue (7-methoxy-3-(4-(p-tolyl)butyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-1-ol; NR2B-Me) of11C-NR2B-SMe as new candidate GluN2B radioligands. PET was used to evaluate these radioligands in rats and to assess potential cross-reactivity to σ1 receptors.MethodsNR2B-Me was assayed for binding affinity and selectivity to GluN2B in vitro.11C-NR2B-Me and its enantiomers were prepared by Pd-mediated treatment of boronic ester precursors with11C-iodomethane. Brain PET scans were conducted after radioligand intravenous injection into rats. Various ligands for GluN2B receptors or σ1 receptors were administered at set doses in pre-blocking or displacement experiments to assess their impact on imaging data.18F-FTC146 and enantiomers of11C-NR2B-SMe were used for comparison. Radiometabolites from brain and plasma were measured ex vivo and in vitro.ResultsNR2B-Me enantiomers showed high GluN2B affinity and selectivity in vitro.11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers gave high early whole rat brain uptake of radioactivity, including high uptake in cerebellum, followed by slower decline. Radioactivity in brain at 30 min ex vivo was virtually all unchanged radioligand. Only less lipophilic radiometabolites appeared in plasma. When11C-(R)-NR2B-Me was used, three high-affinity GluN2B ligands—NR2B-SMe, Ro25-6981, and CO101,244—showed increasing pre-block of whole brain radioactivity retention with increasing dose. Two σ1 receptor antagonists, FTC146 and BD1407, were ineffective pre-blocking agents. Together, these results strongly resemble those obtained with11C-NR2B-SMe enantiomers, except that11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers showed faster reversibility of binding. When18F-FTC146 was used as a radioligand, FTC146 and BD1407 showed strong pre-blocking effects whereas GluN2B ligands showed only weak blocking effects.Conclusion11C-NR2B-Me enantiomers showed specific binding to GluN2B receptors in rat brain in vivo. High unexpected specific binding in cerebellum was not due to σ1 receptors. Additional investigation is needed to identify the source of the high specific binding.Graphical Abstract
Supplementation with alpha-glycerol monolaurate during late gestation and lactation enhances sow performance, ameliorates milk composition, and improves growth of suckling piglets
Authors: Li Longxian , Wang Huakai , Dong Shuang , Ma Yongxi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background

Physiological changes during lactation cause oxidative stress in sows, reduce immunity, and hamper the growth capacity of piglets. Alpha-glycerol monolaurate (α-GML) has potential for enhancing the antimicrobial activity of sows and the growth of suckling piglets.

Methods
Eighty sows were allocated randomly to four groups: basal diet and basal diets supplemented with 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg α-GML. The experiment started on d 85 of gestation and lasted until piglets were weaned on d 21 of lactation. The number of live-born piglets was standardized to 12 ± 1 per sow on day of parturition. On d 0 and 21 of lactation, body weight of piglets was measured and milk samples were obtained from sows, and serum samples and feces from piglets were obtained on d 21.

Results
Feed intake, backfat loss, and weaning estrus interval did not differ among the four groups of sows. Maternal α-GML supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the body weight of piglets at weaning and the apparent total tract digestibility of crude fat of sows. The immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G levels were greater (P < 0.05) in a quadratic manner in the milk of sows as dietary α-GML increased. Concerning fatty acid profile, C12:0, C15:0, C17:0, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3, C24:0, and C22:6n3 were higher (P < 0.05) in linear and quadratic manners in colostrum of sows-fed α-GML diets compared with the control sows. There was lower (P < 0.05) n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in milk than in the control sows. Maternal α-GML increased the abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.05) and decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05) of piglet fecal microbiota.

Conclusions
Dietary supplementation with α-GML improved milk immunoglobulins and altered fatty acids of sows, thereby improving the health of piglets.
Vertically stratified methane, nitrogen and sulphur cycling and coupling mechanisms in mangrove sediment microbiomes
Authors: Qian Lu , Yu Xiaoli , Gu Hang , Liu Fei , Fan Yijun , Wang Cheng , He Qiang , Tian Yun , Peng Yisheng , Shu Longfei , Wang Shanquan , Huang Zhijian , Yan Qingyun , He Jianguo , Liu Guangli , Tu Qichao , He Zhili 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMangrove ecosystems are considered as hot spots of biogeochemical cycling, yet the diversity, function and coupling mechanism of microbially driven biogeochemical cycling along the sediment depth of mangrove wetlands remain elusive. Here we investigated the vertical profile of methane (CH4), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) cycling genes/pathways and their potential coupling mechanisms using metagenome sequencing approaches.ResultsOur results showed that the metabolic pathways involved in CH4, N and S cycling were mainly shaped by pH and acid volatile sulphide (AVS) along a sediment depth, and AVS was a critical electron donor impacting mangrove sediment S oxidation and denitrification. Gene families involved in S oxidation and denitrification significantly (P< 0.05) decreased along the sediment depth and could be coupled by S-driven denitrifiers, such asBurkholderiaceaeandSulfurifustisin the surface sediment (0–15 cm). Interestingly, all S-driven denitrifier metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) appeared to be incomplete denitrifiers with nitrate/nitrite/nitric oxide reductases (Nar/Nir/Nor) but without nitrous oxide reductase (Nos), suggesting such sulphide-utilizing groups might be an important contributor to N2O production in the surface mangrove sediment. Gene families involved in methanogenesis and S reduction significantly (P< 0.05) increased along the sediment depth. Based on both network and MAG analyses, sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) might develop syntrophic relationships with anaerobic CH4oxidizers (ANMEs) by direct electron transfer or zero-valent sulphur, which would pull forward the co-existence of methanogens and SRB in the middle and deep layer sediments.ConclusionsIn addition to offering a perspective on the vertical distribution of microbially driven CH4, N and S cycling genes/pathways, this study emphasizes the important role of S-driven denitrifiers on N2O emissions and various possible coupling mechanisms of ANMEs and SRB along the mangrove sediment depth. The exploration of potential coupling mechanisms provides novel insights into future synthetic microbial community construction and analysis. This study also has important implications for predicting ecosystem functions within the context of environmental and global change.
The dissemination of Chinese potash-rich faience: investigation of faience beads from the Wupu cemetery, Xinjiang
Authors: Wen Rui , Hu Xueqing , Cao Shiyuan , Wang Yongqiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Wupu cemetery, located in the Yizhou District, Hami City, Xinjiang Province, and in the eastern part of the southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains, is remains from the late Bronze Age. In this study, four faience beads excavated from the Wupu cemetery were examined by stereomicroscopy, synchrotron radiation micro-CT, and electron microprobe analysis. The appearance and compositions of these faience beads are presented and discussed. The results show that these tubular faience beads, glazed by the application glazing method, are all potash-rich faience, consistent with the faience produced locally in China. The faience products from the Central Plains were disseminated to the Hami region of Xinjiang Province during the Western Zhou dynasty (1046 BC–771 BC), reflecting the spread of such faience to the west with the Zhou people mastering the technique of making potash-rich faience.
Engineering growth phenotypes of Aspergillus oryzae for L-malate production
Authors: Zuo Huiyun , Ji Lihao , Pan Jingyu , Chen Xiulai , Gao Cong , Liu Jia , Wei Wanqing , Wu Jing , Song Wei , Liu Liming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImproving the growth status ofAspergillus oryzaeis an efficient way to enhance L-malate production. However, the growth mechanism of filamentous fungi is relatively complex, which limitsA. oryzaeas a cell factory to produce L-malate industrially. This study determined the relationship between growth status and L-malate production. The optimal ranges of colony diameter, percentage of vegetative mycelia, and pellet number ofA. oryzaewere determined to be 26–30 mm, 35–40%, and 220–240/mL, respectively. To achieve this optimum range, adaptive evolution was used to obtain the evolved strain Z07 with 132.54 g/L L-malate and a productivity of 1.1 g/L/h. Finally, a combination of transcriptome analysis and morphological characterization was used to identify the relevant pathway genes that affect the growth mechanism ofA. oryzae. The strategies used in this study and the growth mechanism provide a good basis for efficient L-malate production by filamentous fungi.Graphical Abstract
Method for Activity Sleep Harmonization (MASH): a novel method for harmonizing data from two wearable devices to estimate 24-h sleep–wake cycles
Authors: Dooley Erin E. , Winkles J. F. , Colvin Alicia , Kline Christopher E. , Badon Sylvia E. , Diaz Keith M. , Karvonen-Gutierrez Carrie A. , Kravitz Howard M. , Sternfeld Barbara , Thomas S. Justin , Hall Martica H. , Pettee Gabriel Kelley 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDaily 24-h sleep–wake cycles have important implications for health, however researcher preferences in choice and location of wearable devices for behavior measurement can make 24-h cycles difficult to estimate. Further, missing data due to device malfunction, improper initialization, and/or the participant forgetting to wear one or both devices can complicate construction of daily behavioral compositions. The Method for Activity Sleep Harmonization (MASH) is a process that harmonizes data from two different devices using data from women who concurrently wore hip (waking) and wrist (sleep) devices for ≥ 4 days.MethodsMASH was developed using data from 1285 older community-dwelling women (ages: 60–72 years) who concurrently wore a hip-worn ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer (waking activity) and a wrist-worn Actiwatch 2 device (sleep) for ≥ 4 days (N = 10,123 days) at the same time. MASH is a two-tiered process using (1) scored sleep data (from Actiwatch) or (2) one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D CNN) to create predicted wake intervals, reconcile sleep and activity data disagreement, and create day-level night-day-night pairings. MASH chooses between two different 1D CNN models based on data availability (ActiGraph + Actiwatch or ActiGraph-only). MASH was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Precision-Recall curves and sleep–wake intervals are compared before (pre-harmonization) and after MASH application.ResultsMASH 1D CNNs had excellent performance (ActiGraph + Actiwatch ROC-AUC = 0.991 and ActiGraph-only ROC-AUC = 0.983). After exclusions (partial wear [n = 1285], missing sleep data proceeding activity data [n = 269], and < 60 min sleep [n = 9]), 8560 days were used to show the utility of MASH. Of the 8560 days, 46.0% had ≥ 1-min disagreement between the devices or used the 1D CNN for sleep estimates. The MASH waking intervals were corrected (median minutes [IQR]: − 27.0 [− 115.0, 8.0]) relative to their pre-harmonization estimates. Most correction (− 18.0 [− 93.0, 2.0] minutes) was due to reducing sedentary behavior. The other waking behaviors were reduced a median (IQR) of − 1.0 (− 4.0, 1.0) minutes.ConclusionsImplementing MASH to harmonize concurrently worn hip and wrist devices can minimizes data loss and correct for disagreement between devices, ultimately improving accuracy of 24-h compositions necessary for time-use epidemiology.
Perineurial Window is Critical for Experimental Reverse End-to-Side Nerve Transfer
Authors: Chu Tak-Ho , Alzahrani Saud , McConnachie Amanda , Lasaleta Nicolas , Kalifa Amira , Pathiyil Rajesh , Midha Rajiv 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND:
The depth of connective tissue window in the side of a recipient nerve in reverse end-to-side transfers (RETS) remains controversial.

OBJECTIVE:
To test whether the depth of connective tissue disruption influences the efficiency of donor axonal regeneration in the context of RETS.

METHODS:
Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were assigned to 1 of the 3 groups for obturator nerve to motor femoral nerve RETS: group 1, without epineurium opening; group 2, with epineurium only opening; and group 3, with epineurium and perineurium opening. Triple retrograde labeling was used to assess the number of motor neurons that had regenerated into the recipient motor femoral branch. Thy1-GFP rats (n = 8) were also used to visualize the regeneration pathways in the nerve transfer networks at 2- and 8-week time point using light sheet fluorescence microscopy.

RESULTS:
The number of retrogradely labeled motor neurons that had regenerated distally toward the target muscle was significantly higher in group 3 than that in groups 1 and 2. Immunohistochemistry validated the degree of connective tissue disruption among the 3 groups, and optical tissue clearing methods demonstrated donor axons traveling outside the fascicles in groups 1 and 2 but mostly within the fascicles in group 3.

CONCLUSION:
Creating a perineurial window in the side of recipient nerves provides the best chances of robust donor axonal regeneration across the RETS repair site. This finding aids nerve surgeons by confirming that a deep window should be undertaken when doing a RETS procedure.
The impact of smoking status on clopidogrel responsiveness in patients with coronary artery disease who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Aldallal Ali A. R. , Mohammad Bassim I. , Rgeeb Ahmed N. , Jamil Dina A. , Al-Aubaidy Hayder A. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Previous studies have pointed out the disproportionate action of clopidogrel in inhibiting platelet aggregation due to smoking more than ten cigarettes per a day. This study was designed to examine whether smoking enhances clopidogrel responsiveness in patients who are clinically diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD), following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 324 IHD participants were enrolled in a case-control study. Platelet function test was performed to all participants two hours before PCI procedure to measure clopidogrel response. Participants were then categorized into a non-responder group (case group n = 111) and responder group (control group n = 213). Each group was subdivided into a smoker group and a non-smoker group. All participants received clopidogrel loading dose equivalent to 600 mg and scheduled for elective PCI. Participants’ age, gender, family history of chronic illnesses was recorded in this study. Results: Smoking participants displayed a significant higher level of hemoglobin as compared to the non-smoking participants among the responder and the non-responder study groups (14.6±0.55 vs. 13.12±0.38, P < 0.029; 14.3±0.31 versus 12.96±0.39, P < 0.033) but lower AUC level (17±9 vs. 45±6, P < 0.005; 62±3 vs. 95±7, P < 0.008). Additionally, smoking intensity enhanced clopidogrel responsiveness by odd’s ratio 0.4213 at 95% C.I. (0.259 - 0.684), P < 0.0002. Conclusions: Current smokers had a good response to clopidogrel therapy which exerted a beneficial effect when undergoing PCI as compared to non-smokers. The marked difference in AUC between smokers and non-smokers could be related to the variance in hemoglobin level. The smokers’ paradox needs further justification to confirm this concept.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE) - diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Makarewicz Magdalena , Kubicka Magdalena , Wilk Joanna , Dębiec Paweł , Cholewa Krystian , Szymańska Adrianna 
Published: April 2023

Background
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis is the most common pathology of the hip joint in preschool children and adolescents consisting of migration of the proximal femoral epiphysis, posteriorly and inferiorly, to the metaphysis (neck of the femur), which occurs through the epiphyseal (growth) cartilage. SCFE occurs with a frequency of 0.33 per 100,000 to 24.58 per 100,000 children aged 8–15 years.
Purpouse
The aim of the article is to characterize the disease which is SCFE, draw attention to its etiology, diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.
Materials and methods
The article was based on scientific publications in the Pubmed database. The database was searched on 12 February 2023 using the phrases 'SCFE', 'Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis'. After reading the titles of found articles, 23 publications were selected. After the pre-analysis of the abstracts, 15 full-text works were selected to prepare the article.
Results
Most SCFE is idiopathic. The relationship between the development of SCFE and endocrine disorders, renal dysfunction and Down syndrome has been noted. The displacement is presumed to be caused by the application of a large axial load to the relatively fragile growth plate. Symptoms of the disease may include atraumatic pain in the hip, thigh or knee, especially if accompanied by a limp or inability to support weight. The first imaging test performed is a radiograph. If radiographs do not show changes consistent with SCFE but clinical suspicion is high, the physician may consider magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for further evaluation. The goal of treating the lesions is to prevent further scaling of the head and to correct the deformity and to avoid osteonecrosis and chondrolysis, so various surgical procedures are used.
Conclusions
SCFE is an insidious disease that should always be ruled out in the diagnosis of hip pain in children. Its early treatment prevents later complications.
Comparing body posture and postural control in children with intellectual disability and dyslexia to typically developing children using technology‑based assessments
Authors: Emir Ahmet , Tarakci Devrim , Atilgan Esra , Tarakci Ela 
Published: April 2023

Background/AimsChildren with intellectual disability and dyslexia have poor academic and behavioural skills related to social participation, as well as poor motor skills compared to typically developing children. Most training programmes for these children focus on the academic and behavioural aspects of special education, overlooking musculoskeletal and motor development needs. The aim of this study was to investigate body posture and postural control in children with intellectual disability and dyslexia compared to typically developing children using technology-based assessments.MethodsA total of 77 children (36 with dyslexia, 21 with intellectual disability and 20 typically developing children) took part in the study. The PostureScreen Mobile app was used to evaluate body posture and the Fizyosoft Balance System was used to assess postural control.ResultsSignificant postural differences were observed in children with intellectual disability when compared to typically developing children. Head, shoulder and knee translations in the sagittal plane were significantly higher in children with intellectual disability than typically developing children. Centre of pressure velocities were significantly higher in children with dyslexia. Centre of pressure displacements showed non-significant differences in the children with dyslexia compared to the children with intellectual disability and typically developing children.ConclusionsThe present study found that children with dyslexia had poor postural control and children with intellectual disability had poor quality of posture compared to typically developing children. The authors believe that motor and physical assessments with objective outcome measurements should be conducted for children with dyslexia and intellectual disability to help improve their motor development.
Amitriptyline’s anticholinergic adverse drug reactions–A systematic multiple-indication review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brueckle Maria-Sophie , Thomas Elizabeth T. , Seide Svenja Elisabeth , Pilz Maximilian , Gonzalez-Gonzalez Ana I. , Dinh Truc Sophia , Gerlach Ferdinand M. , Harder Sebastian , Glasziou Paul P. , Muth Christiane 
Published: April 2023

Background
Half the US population uses drugs with anticholinergic properties. Their potential harms may outweigh their benefits. Amitriptyline is among the most frequently prescribed anticholinergic medicinal products, is used for multiple indications, and rated as strongly anticholinergic. Our objective was to explore and quantify (anticholinergic) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients taking amitriptyline vs. placebo in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults and healthy individuals.

Methods
We searched electronic databases from their inception until 09/2022, and clinical trial registries from their inception until 09/2022. We also performed manual reference searches. Two independent reviewers selected RCTs with ≥100 participants of ≥18 years, that compared amitriptyline (taken orally) versus placebo for all indications. No language restrictions were applied. One reviewer extracted study data, ADRs, and assessed study quality, which two others verified. The primary outcome was frequency of anticholinergic ADRs as a binary outcome (absolute number of patients with/without anticholinergic ADRs) in amitriptyline vs. placebo groups.

Results
Twenty-three RCTs (mean dosage 5mg to 300mg amitriptyline/day) and 4217 patients (mean age 40.3 years) were included. The most frequently reported anticholinergic ADRs were dry mouth, drowsiness, somnolence, sedation, fatigue, constitutional, and unspecific anticholinergic ADRs. Random-effects meta-analyses showed anticholinergic ADRs had a higher odd’s ratio for amitriptyline versus placebo (OR = 7.41; [95% CI, 4.54 to 12.12]). Non-anticholinergic ADRs were as frequent for amitriptyline as placebo. Meta-regression analysis showed anticholinergic ADRs were not dose-dependent.

Discussion
The large OR in our analysis shows that ADRs indicative of anticholinergic activities can be attributed to amitriptyline. The low average age of participants in our study may limit the generalizability of the frequency of anticholinergic ADRs in older patients. A lack of dose-dependency may reflect limited reporting of the daily dosage when the ADRs occurred. The exclusion of small studies (<100 participants) decreased heterogeneity between studies, but may also have reduced our ability to detect rare events. Future studies should focus on older people, as they are more susceptible to anticholinergic ADRs.

Registration
PROSPERO: CRD42020111970.