bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the uncertainty relation via a class of measurements
Authors: Huang Fan , Wu Fan , Tang Liang , Mo Zhi-Wen , Bai Ming-Qiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The connection between uncertainty and entanglement is a prevalent topic in quantum information processing. Based on a broad class of informationally complete symmetric measurements, which can be viewed as a common generalization of symmetric, informationally complete positive operator-valued measures and mutually unbiased bases, a conical 2-design is calculated. This design plays a crucial role in quantum measurement theory. Subsequently, the relation between the uncertainty and the entanglement for a set of measurements is portrayed using conditional collision entropy. Furthermore, a tighter lower bound of the uncertainty relation is discussed according to the characterization of the entropic bound. Finally, the relation is applied to entanglement witnesses. It is demonstrated that the present results are unified and comprehensive.
Quadratic shape biases in three-dimensional halo intrinsic alignments
Authors: Akitsu Kazuyuki , Li Yin , Okumura Teppei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the nonlinear relation between the shapes of halos or galaxies and the surrounding matter distribution is essential in accurate modeling of their intrinsic alignments. In the perturbative treatment, such nonlinear relation of the intrinsic alignments appears as higher-order shape bias parameters. In this paper, we present accurate measurements of the quadratic shape bias parameters by combining thefull three-dimensionalpower spectrum of the intrinsic alignments (i.e., without any projection) with the quadratic field method. In order to benefit from the full three-dimensional power spectrum we employ the spherical tensor decomposition of the three-dimensional shape field and measure their power spectra for the first time. In particular, we detect the vector and tensor power spectra in this basis, which cannot be explained by the widely-used nonlinear alignment model. Further, by cross-correlating the three-dimensional halo shape field with the quadratic shape bias operators from the initial condition of the same simulation to cancel cosmic variance, we effectively extract bispectrum information and detect quadratic shape bias parameters in the intrinsic alignments with high significance for the first time. We also compare these measurements with the prediction where quadratic shape biases are dynamically generated from the linear Lagrangian shape bias through the large-scale bulk flow. We find general agreement for all three biases with small deviations, which in practice could be negligible for the current photometric surveys. This implies that the advection prediction for the higher-order shape biases can be used as a prior in the cosmological analyses of intrinsic alignments.
Image segmentation and feature extraction method for lung lesion detection in computed tomography images
Authors: Abdullah M F , Sulaiman S N , Osman M K , Setumin S , Karim N K A. , Sahimi F A , Ani A I C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Lung cancer is a form of cancer that causes uncontrollable cell growth in the lungs. Patients with lung cancer frequently miss a treatment, face higher health care costs, and get the worst outcomes. The detection of the existence of lung cancer can be performed in a variety of ways, such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and radiography. Many researchers have developed ways of automating lung cancer diagnosis using image processing techniques because of the noise and low image quality between the cancer cells, the lung, and the background. This study develops an image processing technique that uses image segmentation algorithms to segment lung nodules in computed tomography images using feature extraction. In the initial phase, it is essential to establish a rigorous image processing framework with the following sequential steps: (i) object edge identification and (ii) lesion boundary recognition. The architecture includes image processing techniques, thresholding, and morphological detections (erosion and dilation). Lesions can have various sizes and shapes, both regular and irregular. The new method has been applied to find the lesions using their roundness size. In addition to learning purely from CT scans, the previously studied lesion characteristics are also integrated. Data was collected from the Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang. The manual segmentation was used image segmented in the MATLAB software function to remove the background of the images. The perimeter evaluates such as accuracy, recall, and F-score. Based on the analysis the performance of lung lesion segmentation of accuracy is 99.95, recall at 45.76%, and the F-score is 60.67%. For lung lesion detection, the results shows it consist of 3-5 slices with the value of roundness. Besides, lesion detection also have continuity for the roundness value. The experiment results found clear support for the next step of this research for classifications of lesions.
Design of Vivaldi array antenna with low sidelobe for Monopulse tracking application
Authors: Thai Le Nhu , Anh La Tuan , Hang Le Thi , Son Le Hoai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The article will present the array antenna system for Monopulse tracking application. The Antenna includes 3 parts: monopulse comparator, unequal power divider, and antenna array. The monopulse comparator and unequal power divider are designed by microstrip line on PCB. Antenna array consists of 244 Vivaldi elements. Conducted simulation of the antenna system and obtained the following results: The bandwidth of the antenna system is greater than 10% with Voltage Standing Wave Ratio smaller than 1.6 (VSWR ≤1.6); Realized gain of the sum beam (radiation pattern) at the central frequency reaches 26.2 dBi; Sidelobe level of sum beam is less than -20dB in the whole frequency range; The peak and null of two difference beams are smaller than 20dB. With the results obtained, the Antenna Monopulse system is mentioned as completely suitable for use for tracking applications and arrangement in narrow space locations with compact size.
Mer for cognition: an emotion analysis algorithm in identifying moods of song and valence through musical features
Authors: Leysa C M , De Castro J , Gerardo B , Byun Yung-Cheol , Dionio Rosel L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to classify the moods of the song based on musical features that include Acousticness, danceability, energy, Instrumentalness, loudness, liveliness, valence, tempo, and Speechiness. The researcher used the circumplex plane of James Russell, which has four quadrants. Quadrant 1 (Q1) says that when arousal is higher than 5 and valence is lower than 5, the mood is happy. Quadrant 3 (Q3) says that when arousal is lower than 5 and valence is higher than 5, the mood is sad, and Quadrant 4 (Q4) says that when arousal is lower than 5 and valence is higher than 5, the mood is calm. The desktop application music player was integrated to automatically categorize the moods of the songs after testing and training. The leverage of the TensorFlow algorithm will be the basis for classification.
Design and development of a Synergistic Educational Tool with Hiligaynon-English Recurrent Neural Network Model
Authors: Siosan Rosie Jane P. , De Castro Joel T. , Byun Y C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This project aimed to develop a mobile app tool to teach the Hiligaynon language to elementary pupils, designed with Machine Learning features using the Hiligaynon-Filipino-English Translation RNN Model. The app included games as a pedagogical tool, background music, and incentives to engage learners. The RNN model was developed using Data Science Methodology, while Rapid Agile Development Methodology was used to develop the mobile app for Android operating systems. To assess the app’s effectiveness, elementary teachers and IT professionals evaluated its compliance with standards for acceptability. The app was found to be very acceptable, recommended for use in a gamified classroom setting and by parents. Overall, this project promotes technology in language learning to make it more accessible and enjoyable for elementary pupils.
Boosting quantum amplitude exponentially in variational quantum algorithms
Authors: Kyaw Thi Ha , Soley Micheline B , Allen Brandon , Bergold Paul , Sun Chong , Batista Victor S , Aspuru-Guzik Alán 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We introduce a family of variational quantum algorithms, which we coin as quantum iterative power algorithms (QIPAs), and demonstrate their capabilities as applied to global-optimization numerical experiments. Specifically, we demonstrate the QIPA based on a double exponential oracle as applied to ground state optimization of the H
2 molecule, search for the transmon qubit ground-state, and biprime factorization. Our results indicate that QIPA outperforms quantum imaginary time evolution (QITE) and requires a polynomial number of queries to reach convergence even with exponentially small overlap between an initial quantum state and the final desired quantum state, under some circumstances. We analytically show that there exists an exponential amplitude amplification at every step of the variational quantum algorithm, provided the initial wavefunction has non-vanishing probability with the desired state and that the unique maximum of the oracle is given by

λ
1

>
0

, while all other values are given by the same value

0
<

λ
2

<

λ
1

(here λ can be taken as eigenvalues of the problem Hamiltonian). The generality of the global-optimization method presented here invites further application to other problems that currently have not been explored with QITE-based near-term quantum computing algorithms. Such approaches could facilitate identification of reaction pathways and transition states in chemical physics, as well as optimization in a broad range of machine learning applications. The method also provides a general framework for adaptation of a class of classical optimization algorithms to quantum computers to further broaden the range of algorithms amenable to implementation on current noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers.
Human and climatic influences on wildfires ignited by recreational activities in national forests in Washington, Oregon, and California
*
Authors: Jenkins Jeffrey S , Abatzoglou John T , Rupp David E , Fleishman Erica 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In Washington, Oregon, and California, ignitions from recreational activities accounted for 12% of human-caused wildfires, and 8% of the area burned, from 1992–2020. Wildfires ignited by recreational activities not only increase fire suppression expenditures but have the potential to limit recreational activities traditionally associated with use of fire, such as camping. From 1992–2020, 50% of recreation-caused ignitions in these three states occurred on lands managed by the U.S. Forest Service. The mean annual number of recreation-caused ignitions on national forests in the three states during this period was relatively stable, about 500, whereas recreation-caused ignitions within other jurisdictions decreased by 40%. Improved understanding of the impact of human and climatic factors on recreation-caused ignitions could provide valuable insights for shaping policy and management decisions. We found that mean annual densities of recreation-caused ignitions on national forests were 7 times greater within 1 km of designated campgrounds than >1 km from campgrounds, although 80% of recreation-caused ignitions occured >1 km from designated campgrounds. Ignition density in campgrounds increased non-linearly with overnight visitor density; a doubling of visitor density was associated with a ∼40% increase in ignitions. Large (≥4 ha) recreation-caused wildfires, especially those ignited in designated campgrounds, tended to occur concurrent with drought and 1–2 years after anomalously wet conditions. These results suggest that accounting for drought in implementation of fire restrictions, and targeting wildfire-prevention awareness to recreational users outside designated campgrounds, might reduce the likelihood of recreation-caused ignitions.
A forecast-model-based extreme weather event attribution system developed for Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Tradowsky Jordis S , Bodeker Greg E , Noble Christopher J , Stone Dáithí A , Rye Graham D , Bird Leroy J , Herewini William I , Rana Sapna , Rausch Johannes , Soltanzadeh Iman 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A largely automated extreme weather event (EWE) attribution system has been developed that uses the Weather Research and Forecast numerical weather prediction model to simulate EWEs under current and pre-industrial climate conditions. The system has been applied to two extreme precipitation events in Aotearoa New Zealand with the goal of quantifying the effect of anthropogenic climate change on the severity of these events. The forecast simulation of the target event under current climate conditions constitutes the first scenario (ALL). We then apply a climate change signal in the form of delta fields in sea-surface temperature, atmospheric temperature and specific humidity, creating a second ‘naturalised’ scenario (NAT) which is designed to represent the weather system in the absence of human interference with the climate system. A third scenario, designed to test for coherence, is generated by applying deltas of opposite sign compared to the naturalised scenario (ALL+). Each scenario comprises a 22-member ensemble which includes one simulation that was not subject to stochastic perturbation. Comparison of the three ensembles shows that: (1) the NAT ensemble develops an extreme event which resembles the observed event, (2) the severity, i.e. maximum intensity and/or the size of area affected by heavy precipitation, changes when naturalising the boundary conditions, (3) the change in severity is consistently represented within the three scenarios and the signal is robust across the different ensemble members, i.e. it is typically shown in most of the 22 ensemble members. Thus, the attribution system presented here can be used to provide information about the influence of anthropogenic climate change on the severity of specific extreme events.
The Mediating Role of Depression in the Association Between Hearing Impairment and Functional Disability Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China
Authors: Han Dan , Li Sangsang , Wu Yunyi , Zhao Jie , Zhang Mei , Liao Hui , Ma Ying , Yan Chaoyang , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study aims to explore the association between hearing impairment (HI) and functional disability and to examine whether depression mediates this association.

Research Design and Methods
In the study, 11 335 individuals aged 45 years and older were analyzed from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The study used logistic regression and Karlson/Holm/Breen’s method to examine the correlation between HI, depression, and functional disability. Functional disability was assessed using activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living.

Results
HI was significantly associated with activities of daily living disability (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.21–1.49) and instrumental activities of daily living disability (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.46–1.68). The mediated effect of depression accounted for 22.80% and 15.17% of the total effect of HI on activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living disability, respectively. Additionally, depression partially mediated the effects of HI on specific activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living tasks, including bathing (33.23%), toileting (27.50%), doing chores (37.36%), preparing meals (28.04%), shopping (25.81%), taking care of finances (11.82%), and taking medicine (12.71%).

Discussion and Implications
HI increased the likelihood of functional disability partially through depression in middle-aged and older adults, suggesting that emphasizing the mental wellness of these people with HI is necessary to prevent impairments in physical function.
781 Eye of the Beholder: Does Visual Assessment in Severe Frostbite Accurately Predict Need for Thrombolytics?
Authors: Coward Alexandra , Dahl Rachel , Endorf Frederick W , Freese Rebecca , Lumbard Derek , Nygaard Rachel M , Schmitz Kyle 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The most promising therapy to salvage limb length following severe frostbite injury is thrombolytics (tPA). Along with screening for contraindications, most protocols use Tc99 bone scan or angiography to identify post-rewarming perfusion deficit. However, the efficacy of tPA is time dependent and many centers lack the ability to rapidly assess perfusion in the impacted limb. Based on this, our aim was to assess perfusion using a visual assessment scale developed for the austere environment. Our aims were to assess 1) the use of this scale to identify tPA eligibility, 2) the accuracy of measured perfusion deficit using this visual scale, and 3) the predictive value of three imaging modalities to amputation level. We hypothesize that the visual scale will provide less accuracy compared to traditional perfusion assessments but could be an appropriate adjunct to assessing eligibility for tPA.

Methods
Data from our prospectively maintained institutional database was used to identify a retrospective cohort of severe frostbite patients with pictures of the injury between 2016-20 (N=93). Aim 1 identified tPA eligibility based on the presence or absence of a perfusion deficit in pre-tPA visual assessment compared to pre-tPA Tc99 (N=60). Aim 2 compared the level of perfusion deficit on visual assessment to Tc99 scan (N=92). Visual assessment measure of perfusion was considered accurate if within 5% of calculated Tc99 scan. Imaging was temporally matched (i.e. pre-tPA visual to pre-tPA Tc99 and post-tPA visual to post-tPA Tc99). In aim 3 we calculated predictive values of 3 imaging modalities compared to amputation. Definitions for the predictive calculations are in figure 1.

Results
Based on visual assessment alone, 17% of patients would have received tPA who did not have a post-rewarming perfusion deficit (Aim 1). When comparing the accuracy of the measure in Aim 2, only 9% of visual assessments were accurate based on Tc99 scan and a majority (67%) were over-estimations of the level of perfusion deficit. Aim 3 assessed the predictive values of imaging to amputation and are presented in Table 1.

Conclusions
Early visual assessment of frostbite injury lacks accuracy, even in centers with high volumes of frostbite and experienced surgeons. We found high specificity and moderate to low sensitivity with all early assessment techniques. Future studies should include methods to assess perfusion feasible for use in the low resource arena. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the use of imaging for surgical planning following severe frostbite injury in the urban setting.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Early visual assessment of severe frostbite injury lack specificity to predict amputation but may be used as an adjunct in low resource areas.
285 Determinants of Mortality Amongst Adult Burn Patients Admitted to a Regional Burn Center: Twenty-year Review
Authors: Shah Pankti , Bhavsar Dhaval , Nazir Niaman , Reynolds Jessica , Vazquez Machado Maria C , Work Emily D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Established determinants of morbidity and mortality in burn patients include age and total burn surface area (TBSA), followed by inhalation injuries. We investigated determinants of mortality in burn patients admitted to our unit over the last two decades. The goal of this study was to determine the trends associated with burn mortality.

Methods
The burn registry was reviewed for the data of 5,401 burn patients admitted to our burn unit from 2002 to 2021. Patient demographics, payer source, burn characteristics, TBSA, injury circumstances, length of stay, ventilator and ICU days, comorbidities, complications, and surgery/procedures data were obtained for all patients. Chart reviews were completed for patients who died to investigate trends in mortality. The chi-square test, Wilcoxon two sample Test, Cochran-Armitage trend test, and Jonckheere-Terptra test will be used to evaluate the difference in risk factors of patients who survived and those who died. Two-sided p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
A total of 4093 adult burn patients were hospitalized from 2002 to 2021, of which 155 died. Data showed a significant mortality risk for patients of older age with increased TBSA, higher number of ventilator days, higher ICU Days, and a higher number of complications and smoke inhalation. Male patients had a significantly higher mortality rate. Burn injury by flash-flame represented a higher mortality risk. Accidental burn injury unrelated to employment was significantly more common in all patient populations. The relationship between the number of comorbidities and mortality risk was not clear. There wasn’t a significant difference in the mortality risk based on ethnicity (p=0.1218). Mortality rates did not change significantly over the 20 years (p=0.2027).

Conclusions
Age, %TBSA, and presence of inhalation injury continue to be major determinants of mortality. Higher incidence of longer stay and ICU/ventilator days, complications, and surgical procedures are associated with burn patients who don’t survive but these may be related to previous parameters. Overall mortality trends have not changed.

Applicability of Research to Practice
The results of this study can be used to increase accuracy in the triage of burn patients at higher risk of complications and death, to offer patients precise prognostics and better outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality.