bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
التدابير الخاصة بتأهيل الاحداث الجانحين
Authors: نورس رشيد طه  , زهراء علي حسين  
Published: May 2023

يجنح الاحداث لعدة أسباب لعل من أهمها التفكك الاسري , التنشئة الخاطئة , العوز الاقتصادي الاختلاط السيء , وغيرها من الاسباب التي من شـأنها أن تدفع الحدث صوب عالم الجريمة , مما يؤثر ذلك سلباً على مستقبل الحدث من جهة , وعلى أمن واستقرار المجتمع من جهة أخرى , لذا لابد من تفعيل التدابير الخاصة للحد من الجنوح ولتأهيل الحدث وتقويم اعوجاجه , ليكون عضواً صالحاً يمكن الاعتماد عليه لخدمة الصالح العام , وعليه يجب أن تكون تلك التدابير فاعلة ومتطورة من شأنها مواكبة التطورات السارية في المجتمع , ليكون اثرها في الحد من الجنوح فاعلاً ودورها في إصلاح الاحداث هادفاً , لاستئصال الخطورة الاجرامية الكامنة في نفسه , لا سيما أن تم اكتشاف الاستعداد للجنوح مبكراً وقبل البدء فيه , من خلال احالة على المكتب المخصص لدراسة شخصية الحدث ومعرفة الأسباب التي أدت به إلى ارتكاب الجريمة .
Winter breeding of the House Mouse Mus musculus (Muridae Rodentia) in Baghdad area
Authors: Abdul –Hussain H. Kadhim  , Hameeda M. Hassan  , Bushra  A. Abdul- Hussain  
Published: May 2023

House mice were live-trapped in the orchards within the site of AL- Farabi University collage from Late of December 2017 till The end of March 2018. It was found that there was active normal reproduction during the winter months December, January, February and March. The pregnancy rates during these months ranging between 41 and 81 % with Litter size ranging between 4 and 8 pups. The numbers of embryos ( M.± S.E. ) for the months of the study were 6± 0.38, 5 ± 0.33, 4.81 ± 0.39 and 4.88 ± 0.33 respectively.
Effect of combination of Bromelain and Quercetin extracted from pineapples and fenugreek in mice induced arthritis
Authors: Noor A. M. Ajeel  , Anwar M. Lazm  , Haneen M. Hameed  
Published: May 2023

This study revealed that bromelain from pineapple and quercetin from fenugreek mixture were active in reducing the effect of arthritis the body diameter measurements within day 4 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the maximum at 5.8 for CRP (mm/hr) ESR (mg/Dl) and reduced it to nearly the normal value 4.3 for CRP and 1.9 for ESR at day 30 with concentration 350 mg/kg of (bro, quer) and within day 4 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the maximum at 2.8 mm of paw volume and reduced it to nearly the normal value 2.9 for 300 mg/kg of (bro, quer) and 2.6 for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at day 30 with concentration 350 mg/kg , While within day 0 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the maximum at 83 ng/dl for IgG2 and 70 ng/dl for IgG1 and 40 IgG reduced it to nearly the normal value 68 ng/dl of IgG2 for 350 mg/kg of (bro, quer) and 57ng/dl of IgG1 and 39 ng/dl of IgG for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at day 30 with concentration 350 mg/kg .Also within day 0 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the lowest body weight at 18 mg of paw volume and increasing it to nearly the normal weight 19mg for 300 mg/kg of (bro,quer) and 21 mg for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at day 30 with concentration.
IMPLEMENTACIÓN Y USO DE LAS TIC EN LA EDUCACIÓN DE BOLIVIA
Authors: Mollo-Torrico Juan Pablo , Crespo Albares Roxana , Lázaro Cari Roly Raúl 
Published: May 2023

El presente estudio analiza la implementación de las TIC en la educación en Bolivia, ya que en los últimos años ha sufrido muchos cambios significativos, se puede apreciar que el uso e implementación de técnicas, estrategias de digitalización multiplataforma y uso de videoconferencia sincrónica es inestable, e insuficiente, por lo tanto, la investigación se desarrolla como un estudio piloto, es un estudio descriptivo, es decir, mide la magnitud del problema en un determinado momento. En este procedimiento se aplicó un muestreo por conveniencia y se utilizó el instrumento para medir el uso y ocupación de TICs en una institución de educación. La población estuvo conformada por 30 profesionales bolivianos, 53% mujeres, 43% hombres y 4% identificados como no binarios, de 21 a 50 años. Los resultados nos muestran que la implementación de las TICs es de uso personal, y no así de uso académico, con estos resultados nos posibilita pensar en políticas educativas pertinentes, en la realización de programas de formación, cursos enfocados a lograr el desarrollo de competencias tecnológicas tanto para docentes como para estudiantes y esto contribuirá a un cambio trascendente en la calidad de los aprendizajes.

Fecha de recepción: 06/08/22. Fecha de evaluación: 17/10/22. Fecha de aprobación: 20/12/22.
Physical and Chemical Variables of Freshwater Swamp Ponds of Engenni, Ahoada-West, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Lazarus O. T. , Anaero-Nweke G. N. , Green A. F. , Amachree D. , Mbambo S. W. 
Published: May 2023

The Physical and chemical quality of natural water is essential for the life of aquatic organisms. This study was aimed at investigating the physical and chemical parameters of eight (8) local swamp ponds in the freshwater swamp of Engenni. Physical and chemical parameters of the freshwater swamp ponds were monitored over a period of three months (February-April 2019), During this period, Temperature (℃), Dissolved Oxygen (DO, mg/l), pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC:µs/cm), Total dissolved solids (TDS, mg/l), Salinity (‰), Turbidity (NTU) and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were measured in situ. Temperature values did not vary significantly across stations. DO values ranged between 0.55 ± 0.01mg/l and 0.95 ± 0.02mg/l, which was consistently lower than the 5mg/l prescribed to sustain fish health. pH values ranged from 6.17 ± 0.01 to 6.56 ± 0.01, indicating that the ponds were marginally acidic. Range values for EC (46.60 ± 0.10µs/cm to 156.57 ± 0.06µs/cm) and TDS (30.13 ± 0.12mg/l to 104.07mg/l ± 0.12mg/l) followed the same pattern as they were both highest and lowest in stations V and VII respectively. Salinity values of 0.02 ± 0.01‰ to 0.06 ± 0.0‰ across all stations was indicative of a typical freshwater environment. Turbidity was highest at station VIII. The result obtained from this research suggests that these swamp ponds are capable of sustaining life in the aquatic ecosystem, but only fish species that are low oxygen tolerant may survive in them.
Numerical Modeling of Tunnel Support System in Himalayan Rock Masses for Seismic Resilience
Authors: Thapa Amir , Chaulagain Bikash , Ghimire Niraj , Dhungana Samir , Joshi Dev Raj 
Published: May 2023

This study uses numerical modeling in combination with rock mass classification approaches to develop tunnel support systems that are safe from earthquakes, ultimately contributing to the seismic resilience of the important infrastructure. A case study of tunnel in Himalayan region of Nepal has been considered for seismic assessment of tunnel supports in different geological conditions. For better quality rock masses (GSI>30), strain-softening model was used, and for weaker rock masses (GSI<30), elastic-perfectly-plastic model was used. To ensure safety in the case of extremely poor rock mass, shotcrete thickness had to be increased by 100 mm over that recommended by empirical methods. In both models, shotcrete in the sections with high overburden showed a significant decrease in FOS. Even though this type of unusual finding has also been reported in the Melamchi water supply tunnel after 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, no further studies to investigate the influencing factors have been done. While this condition occurred in the model used in this study because of the application of higher in-situ stress for sections with a larger depth of overburden, the actual reason for the occurrence of this situation as a result of an earthquake remains unexplained. Future research should take into account the effects of discontinuities, epicentral distance, aftershocks, and the incorporation of actual stress measurements from the field for numerical modeling.
Adverse Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Low-risk Pulmonary Embolism and Concerning Computed Tomography Imaging Findings
Authors: O’Hare Connor , Grace Kelsey A. , Schaeffer William J. , Hyder S. Nabeel , Stover Michael , Liles Amber L. , Khaja Minhaj S. , Cranford James A. , Kocher Keith E. , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Greineder Colin F. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceMost patients presenting to US emergency departments (EDs) with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are hospitalized, despite evidence from multiple society-based guidelines recommending consideration of outpatient treatment for those with low risk stratification scores. One barrier to outpatient treatment may be clinician concern regarding findings on PE-protocol computed tomography (CTPE), which are perceived as high risk but not incorporated into commonly used risk stratification tools.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of concerning CTPE findings with outcomes and treatment of patients in the ED with acute, low-risk PE.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used a registry of all acute PEs diagnosed in the adult ED of an academic medical center from October 10, 2016, to December 31, 2019. Acute PE cases were divided into high- and low-risk groups based on PE Severity Index (PESI) class alone or using a combination of PESI class and biomarker results. The low-risk group was further divided based on the presence of concerning CTPE findings: (1) bilateral central embolus, (2) right ventricle–to–left ventricle ratio greater than 1.0, (3) right ventricle enlargement, (4) septal abnormality, or (5) pulmonary infarction. Data analysis was conducted from June to October 2022.Main Outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 7 and 30 days. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization, length of stay, need for intensive care, use of echocardiography and/or bedside ultrasonography, and activation of the PE response team (PERT) .ResultsOf 817 patients (median [IQR] age, 58 [47-71] years; 417 (51.0%) female patients; 129 [15.8%] Black and 645 [78.9%] White patients) with acute PEs, 331 (40.5%) were low risk and 486 (59.5%) were high risk by PESI score. Clinical outcomes were similar for all low-risk patients, with no 30-day deaths in the low-risk group with concerning CTPE findings (0 of 151 patients) vs 4 of 180 (2.2%) in the low-risk group without concerning CTPE findings and 88 (18.1%) in the high-risk group (P &amp;lt; .001). Low-risk patients with concerning CTPE findings were less frequently discharged from the ED than those without concerning CTPE findings (3 [2.0%] vs 14 [7.8%]; P = .01) and had more frequent echocardiography (87 [57.6%] vs 49 [27.2%]; P &amp;lt; .001) and PERT activation for consideration of advanced therapies (34 [22.5%] vs 11 [6.1%]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this single-center study, CTPE findings widely believed to confer high risk were associated with increased hospitalization and resource utilization in patients with low-risk PE but not short-term adverse clinical outcomes.
Importance of Integrating Spiritual, Existential, Religious, and Theological Components in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies
Authors: Palitsky Roman , Kaplan Deanna M. , Peacock Caroline , Zarrabi Ali John , Maples-Keller Jessica L. , Grant George H. , Dunlop Boadie W. , Raison Charles L. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceMounting evidence supports the role of spiritual, existential, religious, and theological components in mediating psychedelic-assisted therapy, yet integration of these elements into the clinical setting is laggingObservationsAlthough psychedelic-assisted therapy commonly produces spiritually, existentially, religiously, or theologically relevant experiences for patients, these have not been systematically integrated into the psychotherapies that accompany therapeutic uses of psychedelics. As a key feature and potential mediator of therapeutic effects, evidence-based psychedelic-assisted therapies should include these topics in the treatment model. Research across multiple diagnostic targets and treatment contexts suggests that spiritually integrated psychotherapies are effective, feasible, and produce add-on benefits in spiritually, existentially, religiously, and theologically relevant outcomes, which are particularly germane to psychedelics. Established standards in spiritually integrated psychotherapy may be fruitfully applied to psychedelic-assisted therapy. Objectives for spiritually, existentially, religiously, and theologically integrated psychedelic-assisted therapy based on these standards and informed by considerations specific to psychedelics are recommended.Conclusions and RelevanceSpiritual, existential, religious, and theological topics’ integration in psychedelic-assisted therapy is needed to ensure culturally competent, evidence-based treatment aligned with the highest standards of clinical care. Neglecting to address these topics can detract from cultural competence, contribute to risks for patients, and potentially undermine treatment success.
Management of Pilonidal Disease
Authors: Gil Lindsay A. , Deans Katherine J. , Minneci Peter C. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThe management of pilonidal disease continues to be a challenge due to high rates of recurrence and treatment-associated morbidity.ObservationsThere is a heterogeneous repertoire of treatment modalities used in the management of pilonidal disease and wide practice variation among clinicians. Available treatment options vary considerably in their level of invasiveness, associated morbidity and disability, risks of complications, and effectiveness at preventing disease recurrence. Conservative nonoperative management strategies, including persistent improved hygiene, depilation, and lifestyle modification, focus on disease prevention and minimization of disease activity. Epilation techniques using both laser and intense pulse light therapy are also used as primary and adjunct treatment modalities. Other nonoperative treatment modalities include phenol and fibrin injection to promote closure of pilonidal sinuses. The traditional operative management strategy for pilonidal disease involves excision of affected tissue paired with a variety of closure types including primary midline closure, primary off-midline closure techniques (ie, Karydakis flap, Limberg flap, Bascom cleft lift), and healing by secondary intention. There has been a recent shift toward more minimally invasive operative approaches including sinusectomy (ie, trephination or Gips procedure) and endoscopic approaches. Overall, the current evidence supporting the different treatment options is limited by study quality with inconsistent characterization of disease severity and use of variable definitions and reporting of treatment-associated outcomes across studies.Conclusions and RelevancePilonidal disease is associated with significant physical and psychosocial morbidity. Optimal treatments will minimize disease and treatment-associated morbidity. There is a need for standardization of definitions used to characterize pilonidal disease and its outcomes to develop evidence-based treatment algorithms.
Association Between Mobilization and Composite Postoperative Complications Following Major Elective Surgery
Authors: Turan Alparslan , Khanna Ashish K. , Brooker Jack , Saha Amit K. , Clark Clancy J. , Samant Anusha , Ozcimen Elif , Pu Xuan , Ruetzler Kurt , Sessler Daniel I. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceMobilization after surgery is a key component of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathways.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between mobilization and a collapsed composite of postoperative complications in patients recovering from major elective surgery as well as hospital length of stay, cumulative pain scores, and 30-day readmission rates.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective observational study conducted at a single quaternary US referral center included patients who had elective surgery between February 2017 and October 2020. Mobilization was assessed over the first 48 postoperative hours with wearable accelerometers, and outcomes were assessed throughout hospitalization. Patients who had elective surgery lasting at least 2 hours followed by at least 48 hours of hospitalization were included. A minimum of 12 hours of continuous accelerometer monitoring was required without missing confounding variables or key data. Among 16 203 potential participants, 8653 who met inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed from February 2017 to October 2020.ExposuresAmount of mobilization per hour for 48 postoperative hours.OutcomesThe primary outcome was a composite of myocardial injury, ileus, stroke, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary complications, and all-cause in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, cumulative pain scores, and 30-day readmission.ResultsOf 8653 included patients (mean [SD] age, 57.6 [16.0] years; 4535 [52.4%] female), 633 (7.3%) experienced the primary outcome. Mobilization time was a median (IQR) of 3.9 (1.7-7.8) minutes per monitored hour overall, 3.2 (0.9-7.4) in patients who experienced the primary outcome, and 4.1 (1.8-7.9) in those who did not. There was a significant association between postoperative mobilization and the composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.84; P &amp;lt; .001) for each 4-minute increase in mobilization. Mobilization was associated with an estimated median reduction in the duration of hospitalization by 0.12 days (95% CI, 0.09-0.15; P &amp;lt; .001) for each 4-minute increase in mobilization. The were no associations between mobilization and pain score or 30-day readmission.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, mobilization measured by wearable accelerometers was associated with fewer postoperative complications and shorter hospital length of stay.
Dosimetric effect of six degrees of freedom couch top with rotational setup error corrections in proton therapy
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Sasaki Sho , Ikeda Tomohiro , Kato Ryohei , Kato Masato , Narita Yuki , Oyama Sho , Komori Shinya , Harada Takaomi , Murakami Masao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the dosimetric effect of six degrees of freedom (6DoF) couch top with rotational corrections in proton therapy (PT).MethodsThe water equivalent thickness (WET) was measured using a proton beam with a 6DoF couch top and patient immobilization base plate (PIBP) placed in front of a motorized water phantom. The accuracy verification was performed with the beam axis set perpendicular to the 6DoF couch top and tilted in 10° steps from 10° to 30°. Up to 3° rotational correction may be added during the actual treatment to correct the rotational setup error on our system. The measured and calculated values using the treatment planning system were compared. Additionally, the effect of the 3° difference was evaluated using actual measurements concerning each angle on the proton beam range.ResultsThe WET of the 6DoF couch top and PIBP were 8.5 ± 0.1 mm and 6.8 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. The calculation and the actual measurement at each angle agreed within 0.2 mm at the maximum. A maximum difference of approximately 0.6 mm was confirmed when tilted at 3° following 30° with the 6DoF couch top plus PIBP.ConclusionsThe dosimetric effect of the 6DoF couch top with rotational corrections in PT differs depending on the incidence angle on the couch top, and it increased with the increased oblique angle of incidence. However, the effect on the range was as small as 0.6 mm at the maximum. The amount of rotational correction, the angle of incidence of the beam, and the effect of rotational corrections on the proton beam range may differ depending on the structure of the couch top. Therefore, sufficient prior confirmation, and subsequent periodical quality assurance management are important.
Energy spectrum CT index‐based machine learning model predicts the effect of intravenous thrombolysis in lower limbs
Authors: Liu Rong , Yang Junlin , Yin Hongkun , Wu Qian , Yu Pengxin , Zhang Wei , Li Chenglong , Fan Guohua , Ju Shenghong , Cai Wu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo develop a noninvasive machine learning (ML) model based on energy spectrum computed tomography venography (CTV) indices for preoperatively predicting the effect of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in lower limbs.A total of 3492 slices containing thrombus regions from 58 veins in lower limbs in a cohort of 18 patients, divided in good and poor thrombolysis prognosis groups, were analyzed. Key indices were selected by univariate analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient test. A support vector machine classifier‐based model was developed through ten‐fold cross validation. Model performance was assessed in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness at both per‐slice and per‐vessel levels. Continuous variables and categorical variables were compared between good and poor thrombolysis prognosis group by Mann‐Whitney U‐test and chi‐square test, respectively. A nomogram was built by integrating clinical factors and the energy spectrum CTV index‐based score calculated by the model.Six indices selected from 192 indices were used to build the predictive model. The ML model achieved area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.838 and 0.767 [95% CI (confidence interval), 0.825–0.850, 0.752–0.781] in the training and validation datasets at the per‐slice level, and the per‐vessel level AUCs were 0.945 and 0.876 (95% CI, 0.852–0.988, 0.763–0.948) in the training and validation datasets, respectively. The nomogram showed better performance with the per‐vessel level AUC, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, yielding 0.901(95% CI, 0.793–0.964), 86.2%, 87.9% and 84.0% in the validation dataset, respectively. There was no significant difference in the vessel distribution between good and poor thrombolysis prognosis groups (chi‐square test, p = 0.671).The energy spectrum CTV index‐based ML model achieved favorable effectiveness in predicting the outcome of vessel‐level intravenous thrombolysis. A nomogram integrating clinical factors, and risk score calculated by the developed model showed improved performance and had potential to be used as a noninvasive preoperative tool for clinicians.
Mask dependency of the lacrimal gland dose under whole brain radiotherapy when the six‐degrees of freedom couch is not available
Authors: Yoon Jai‐Woong , Kim Me Young , Park Soah , Cheong Kwang‐Ho , Kang Sei‐Kwon , Koo Taeryool , Han Tae Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDry eye syndrome has been recently reported in patients who underwent whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). WBRT based on a couch with three‐degrees of freedom (3D) can occasionally be performed in which the rotational head motion is not corrected. This study assessed the dependency of the rotational errors on the mask and the dose variation of the lens and lacrimal gland in WBRT patients.MethodsTranslational and rotational setup errors were obtained at the first treatment with cone‐beam CT (CBCT) for patients under WBRT and frameless stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (n = 20 each) immobilized using a conventional WB mask and an SRS mask with a bite block, respectively. For the CT sets of SRS cases, WBRT plans were generated for the study. To simulate the rotational error, rotated CT images were created with each rotational error, on which initial WBRT plans were copied and doses were recalculated. The lens and lacrimal gland doses with and without rotation errors were compared.ResultsDespite similar translational setup errors for the two masks, the SRS mask showed a dramatic reduction in rotational errors compared to those of the WB mask. The errors varied within −2.9° to 2.9° and −1.2° to 0.7° for the WB and SRS masks, respectively. Accordingly, the SRS mask confined the change in the maximum lens dose, mean dose of the lacrimal gland, and lacrimal volume receiving 15 Gy to one‐third of those using the WB mask.ConclusionWhen the six‐degrees of freedom (6D) couch is not available, the frameless SRS mask is beneficial to WBRT for the faithful treatment as it was planned.