bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a Bayesian approach to reconstruct graph statistics after edge sampling
Authors: Arnold Naomi A. , Mondragón Raúl J. , Clegg Richard G. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Often, due to prohibitively large size or to limits to data collecting APIs, it is not possible to work with a complete network dataset and sampling is required. A type of sampling which is consistent with Twitter API restrictions is uniform edge sampling. In this paper, we propose a methodology for the recovery of two fundamental network properties from an edge-sampled network: the degree distribution and the triangle count (we estimate the totals for the network and the counts associated with each edge). We use a Bayesian approach and show a range of methods for constructing a prior which does not require assumptions about the original network. Our approach is tested on two synthetic and three real datasets with diverse sizes, degree distributions, degree-degree correlations and triangle count distributions.
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Seasonal Fluctuations of Wood Mouse Populations in Fields Surrounded by Woodlands
Authors: Bartolommei Paola , Savazza Sara , Bonacchi Andrea , Gasperini Stefania , Manzo Emiliano , Cozzolino Roberto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus is common in woodlands and open areas of Western Palearctic. Despite extensive research, little is known about its population ecology in fields in the Mediterranean area, where climate involves great seasonal changes in environmental features. Here, we investigated wood mice seasonal fluctuations in abundance and population structure by sampling long-fallow fields and two woodland types, i.e. oak forest and conifer plantation, in a heterogeneous landscape of central Italy. Mice were live-trapped in three sites per habitat type, every other month for three years (23.814 trap-days). Population abundance, age structure, mice body weight and proportion of residents and breeding individuals were analysed. Sampling effort resulted in 350 captures of 245 individuals. Mice dynamics changed across seasons and habitats. In fields, we recorded more captures, more reproductive individuals, and fewer immature and resident individuals in warmer than in colder months; mice were heavier in warmer months. These results suggest that fields may better suit the species ecological requirements (i.e. food and cover resources) in spring-summer, representing a seasonally suboptimal habitat for mice. Population abundance in fields was lower than in woodlands during the cold season, when immatures were more frequent in fields than in resource-rich woodlands. Conversely, breeding and non-resident mice were more abundant in fields than in woodlands in warmer months. Overall, the seasonal demographic variations we recorded evidence that fields can represent a suboptimal habitat in Mediterranean heterogeneous landscapes and can nonetheless act as a source of resources, mates and space for mice in spring-summer.
Diving into Deep Learning: On Reading and Interpreting Black Boxes
Authors: Dobson James 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The deep neural networks used in computer vision and in recent large language models are widely recognized as black boxes, a term that describes their complicated architectures and opaque decision-making mechanisms. This essay outlines several different strategies through which humanist researchers and critics of machine learning might better understand and interpret the class of deep learning methods known as transformers. These strategies expose different aspects of what might be “learned” as transformers are trained and used in the analysis of language and can help critics at least partially open the black box of machine learning. They are also especially useful for digital humanists using these models as part of a research program informed by tool criticism in which the use of computational tools is conceived of as a metainterpretive act.
Prevalence of Maxillary and Mandibular Exostosis in Mississippi Population: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wilson Landon , Snyder Dalton , Griggs Jason , Kurt-Bayrakdar Sevda , Bayrakdar İbrahim Şevki , Jagtap Rohan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of exostosis in the Mississippi population.
Methods
Patient archives of the UMMC School of Dentistry between January 2018 and May 2021 were examined. The patients with exostosis were included in the study based on the findings in intraoral photographs, full-moth series (FMS), panoramic radiographs, and cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images of the patients. The patients were excluded from the study if they do not have maxillary or mandibular exostosis. In addition, patients' age, gender, and ethnic origins as Caucasian, African-American, and Asian were recorded. All data of exostosis was evaluated and categorized according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed for more detailed statistical analysis.
Results
A total of 1242 patients were examined for the presence of maxillary and mandibular exostosis. 303 patients were diagnosed to have maxillary and/or mandibular exostosis among the Mississippi population with a prevalence rate of 24.4%. Exostosis was seen more in females (57.4%) compared to males (42.6%). The highest prevalence of exostosis was seen in Caucasians (71.3%), African-Americans (23.8%), and Asians (5%).
Conclusion
High prevalence of exostosis was seen in the Mississippi population. Our findings will help clinicians to be more aware of these bony protuberances and thus better at diagnosing them. This may specifically help oral surgeons, periodontists, and prosthodontists in pre-prosthodontic surgery and denture fabrication.
Transcription of biological aging markers (ANRIL, P16ink4a, TBX2, and TERRA) and their correlations with severity of sulfur mustard exposure in veterans
Authors: Nasiri Leila , Vaez-Mahdavi Mohammad-Reza , Hassanpour Hossein , Ghazanfari Tooba , Ardestani Sussan Kaboudanian , Askari Nayere , Ghaffarpour Sara , Zamani Mohammad Saber 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) exposure has delayed harmful effects, including cell senescence and premature biological aging. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of four main markers of biological aging (i.e., ANRIL, P16ink4a, TBX2, and TERRA) and assess their correlation with the severity of SM exposure in the long term. The study was conducted on two groups of volunteers. 1) the SM-exposed group, exposed to SM once in 1987 during the Iraq-Iran war. This group was divided into three subgroups based on the injury severity, asymptom (exposure to SM without any clinical signs), mild, and severe subgroups; 2) the non-exposed group. ANRIL and TBX2 transcripts were reduced in the total SM-exposed people. Their reduction was more considerable in the SM-exposed subgroups of mild and severe. On the other hand, P16ink4a and TERRA transcripts were increased due to SM exposure. The increase of TERRA expression was more significant in the asymptom, mild and severe subgroups, while P16ink4a was only higher in the asymptom subgroup. There was a positive correlation between the TERRA transcript and the severity of injury, while this correlation was negative for the ANRIL transcript. Thus, the delayed toxicity of SM is associated with the dysregulation of aging markers leading to progressive premature cellular senescence that is dependent on the severity of SM exposure.
Bioaccessibility by perspiration uptake of minerals from two different sulfurous peloids
Authors: Bastos Carla Marina , Rocha Fernando , Patinha Carla , Marinho-Reis Paula 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The risks associated with the use of peloids in thermal centers, spas, or at home, need to be tested to develop appropriate safety guidelines for peloids formulations and the release of high concern substances. Also, the beneficial effect of some elements on human health should be assessed, to assist in the interpretation of therapeutic action and effectiveness on dermatological or osteomuscular disorders, using pelotherapy. Hence, a methodology was developed to better understand the biogeochemical behavior of the elements in formulated peloids. Two peloids were formulated with the same clay and two different sulfurous mineral-medicinal waters, for 90 days, with light and stirring every 15 days. The clay used was bentonite, with high content of smectite, with Ca and Mg as the main exchangeable cations and with high heat capacity. The selected mineral-medicinal waters were collected from two Portuguese thermal centers, with recognized therapeutic efficacy for rheumatic, respiratory and dermatological pathologies. The peloids were used without drying, withdrawn directly of the maturation tank and a mixture of bentonite with demineralized water was prepared as a reference sample. A stabilized, ready-to-use, artificial perspiration test was used to simulate the peloids’ interaction with skin. Thirty-one elements extracted from the two prepared peloids were analyzed by ICP-MS. The data were analyzed and related to the mineralogical composition of the original clay and supernatant composition of the maturation tanks. The content of some potentially toxic elements and metals bioaccessibility by perspiration showed very low solubility and undetectable amounts extracted from the studied samples. This analytical method provided some reliable information on dermal exposure and the identification of some elements that may enter the systemic circulation and for which surveillance and control measures should be implemented.
Optimization of fecal sample homogenization for untargeted metabolomics
Authors: Carrillo Kieran Tarazona , Nam Seo Lin , Mata A. Paulina de la , de Bruin Olle M. , Doukhanine Evgueni , Harynuk James 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Fecal samples are highly complex and heterogeneous, containing materials at various stages of digestion. The heterogeneity and complexity of feces make stool metabolomics inherently challenging. The level of homogenization influences the outcome of the study, affecting the metabolite profiles and reproducibility; however, there is no consensus on how fecal samples should be prepared to overcome the topographical discrepancy and obtain data representative of the stool as a whole.
Objective
Various combinations of homogenization conditions were compared to investigate the effects of bead size, addition of solvents and the differences between wet-frozen and lyophilized feces.
Methods
The homogenization parameters were systematically altered to evaluate the solvent usage, bead size, and whether lyophilization is required in homogenization. The metabolic coverage and reproducibility were compared among the different conditions.
Results
The current work revealed that a combination of mechanical and chemical lysis obtained by bead-beating with a mixture of big and small sizes of beads in an organic solvent is an effective way to homogenize fecal samples with adequate reproducibility and metabolic coverage. Lyophilization is required when bead-beating is not available.
Conclusions
A comprehensive and systematical evaluation of various fecal matter homogenization conditions provides a profound understanding for the effects of different homogenization methods. Our findings would be beneficial to assist with standardization of fecal sample homogenization protocol.
Considerations About the Determination of Optical Bandgap from Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Using the Tauc Plot
Authors: Jubu Peverga R. , Chahrour Khaled M. , Muhammad A. , Landi S. , Obaseki O. S. , Igbawua T. , Gundu A. A. , Chahul H. F. , Yam F. K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The optical diffuse reflectance data of a semiconductor material is usually converted into the Kubelka–Munk function before proceeding to process the conventional Tauc’s plot from which optical bandgap energy can be determined. Firstly, it is conventional/ customary to convert the percentage reflectance (R∞(%)) data which is obtained from UV-vis measurement into an equivalent reflectance (R∞) that range between 0 and 1 before processing the Tauc’s plot. Secondly, the Kubelka–Munk function is usually multiplied by the incident photon energy, hv, to produce an all-elements/ comprehensive Tauc’s plot. Literature is scarce to convincingly demonstrate that a correct bandgap value can also be obtained from the Tauc’s plot that is derived directly from the (R∞(%)) data without having to convert to R∞. Also, publication is rarely available to demonstrate that a correct bandgap value can be determined without having to multiply the Kubelka–Munk function by hv. Investigation shows diminutive differences in the bandgap values estimated from the R∞(%)-based Tauc’s plots and the equivalent R∞-based Tauc’s plots. This suggests that either of the methods can be employed for a proper bandgap estimate. Additionally, a comparison between the magnitude of the bandgap energies determined from the comprehensive Tauc’s plot and when the Kubelka–Munk function is not multiplied by \(hv\) shows insignificant differences in the estimated values. This suggests that either of the two methods can be used to obtain a reliable bandgap for direct and indirect optical gap semiconductors.
Construction of 24-by-24 Non-Linear Layer for Symmetric Algorithm and its Application to Data Encryption in Parallel with DNA Transform
Authors: Shah Tariq , Haq Tanveer ul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Note: Please see pdf for full abstract with equations.
The principal constituent of a block cipher in symmetric key cryptography is the Boolean function, determining the substitution box (S-box). Block ciphers rely totally on S-boxes with excellent nonlinearity and upright cryptographic structures. In AES, an 8×8 S-box is a 16×16 look-up table over the Galois field GF(28), that occupies 8 × 28 bytes storage of computer memory. By using traditional method to construct a 24×24 S-box over Galois field GF(224), which lodges a storage memory of 24 × 224 bytes in traditional sense. Thus the memory storage does not support a 24 × 24 S-box over a very larger order Galois field like GF(224). A resolute of this difficulty is possibly coming out from the algebraic structure of the commutative finite chain ring 𝐹𝑞[𝒙] / <𝒙𝒌> = Σ𝑖=0𝑘−1 𝑥𝑖𝐹𝑞. In this study a subgroup of the multiplicative group of units of the chain ring 𝐹2[𝑥] / <𝑥24> = Σ𝑖=023 𝑥𝑖𝐹2 is considered to construct a 24×24 S-box that occupy just 24 ×28 bits storage memory of computer. The proposed S-box has a substantial potential to create confusion during substitution phase of the color image enciphering algorithm. While, for the permutation component of the algorithm, DNA transform is applied for creating diffusion in the pixels of the color image. The proposed RGB image encryption attains the standard optimum level when compared it to the DNA and chaos-based image encryption techniques.
Parallel Implementations of Post-Quantum Leighton-Micali Signature on Multiple Nodes
Authors: Kang Yan , Dong Xiaoshe , Wang Ziheng , Chen Heng , Wang Qiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To defend against quantum computer attacks, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been exploring post-quantum cryptography (PQC). Now, NIST has standardised only two PQC algorithms, one of which is the Leighton-Micali signature (LMS). However, the performance of LMS limits its practical application. In this paper, we propose a parallel LMS implementation on multiple nodes. Considering different application scenarios, we provide two parallel schemes: algorithmic parallelism and data parallelism. The main part of our work is the two-tier parallel structure for the LMS tree. Targeting the x86/64 multiple nodes, our work introduces vectorization to present the three-tier parallel structure. We also design communication optimization, including the selection of communication primitives and the creation of communicators for multi-node running. Experimental evidence shows that our code effectively reduces the latency, and is 19.04× faster than the fastest implementation on the same platform when running key pair generation for LMS SHA256 M32 H20(20).
Feasibility of articulating laparoscopic instruments in laparoscopic gastrectomy – a comparative study using propensity score matching
Authors: Kang So Hyun , Hwang Duyeong , Yoo Mira , Lee Eunju , Park Young Suk , Ahn Sang-Hoon , Suh Yun-Suhk , Kim Hyung-Ho 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
The advancement in minimally invasive surgery has led to the development of several surgical instruments, including the ArtiSential®. This new instrument provides a greater range of motion and improved dexterity to laparoscopic procedures, making it an alternative option to traditional straight instruments and the Da Vinci surgical system. The purpose of this study is to compare the postoperative outcomes of a prospective cohort of patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy using articulating instruments with those of a historical cohort of patients who underwent the same procedure using straight instruments.
Methods:
The study was designed as a prospective observational cohort study matched to a retrospective historical cohort using propensity score matching. The primary outcome was the rate of early complications within 90 days of surgery. Other outcomes included the operation time, estimated blood loss, time to first flatus, time to first soft fluid diet, hospital stay, and mortality.
Results:
After propensity score matching, 41 patients were enrolled in both groups. The mean age was 62.4 ± 12.3 years in the conventional group and 63.5 ± 9.6 years in the artisential group (p = 0.647). Mean operative time was significantly shorter in the artisential group compared to the conventional group (136.1 minutes vs. 163.9 minutes, p = 0.032). The time to first soft fluid diet was also significantly shorter in the artisential group (2.2 days vs. 2.8 days, p = 0.030), but there was no significant difference in the time to first flatus and overall hospital stay. The incidence of early complications was lower in the artisential group, but the difference was not significant (24.4% vs 7.3%, p = 0.070). There was no mortality in either group.
Conclusion:
The use of articulating instruments for laparoscopic gastrectomy did not increase postoperative morbidity compared to straight laparoscopic instruments. Although statistically insignificant, the use of articulating instruments may be associated with faster bowel recovery and less early complications.
Phase Behavior of Monoglycerides in Vegetable and Mineral Oil
Authors: Charó-Alvarado Maria E. , Charó-Alonso Miriam A. , Peña-Gil Anaid de la , Toro-Vazquez Jorge F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We studied the phase behavior of 1-myristoyl glycerol (C14), 1-palmitoyl glycerol (C16), 1-stearoyl glycerol (C18), 1-monoarachidate glycerol (C20), and 1-monobehenin glycerol (C22) in vegetable (VO) and mineral (MO) oil using X-ray and DSC analysis. The results obtained showed that the Lα, sub-α1, and sub-α2 transitions observed in the neat C16 to C22 were also present in the corresponding VO and MO solutions (1% to 8% MG). The C14 developed just the Lα and the sub α1 phases, that further transformed into the β phase. The differences between the MGs phase diagrams obtained in the VO and the MO, were mainly associated with the MGs’ polar “head” solubility in the oil as a function of the MGs concentration, as affected by the oil’s relative polarity. Thus, in the VO the phase diagrams of C16 to C22 showed zones where the Lα and sub-α1 phases crystallized concomitantly, affecting the sub-α2 transition temperature. In contrast, in the MO the Lα, the sub-α1, and the sub-α2 phases of C16 to C22 occurred in well-differentiated temperature zones independent of the MG concentration. This is the first report showing that the C16 also develops the sub-α2 phase in the neat state and in VO and MO solutions. Based on the X-ray analysis and through molecular modeling we established that the neat C16 to C22 crystallized in a monoclinic form with a 2L organization. The inclination of the alkyl chain associated with the monoclinic organization, seemed to be a structural requirement for the crystallization of the sub-α2 phase.
A precipitation forecast model applied with the RBF based on the improved GPT3 model in Japan
Authors: song li , Jiang Nan , Xu Tianhe , Xu Yan , Yang Honglei , Zhang Zhen , Guo Ao , Wu Yuhao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Accurate monitoring of atmospheric water vapor content is essential for the early warning of extreme weather events. As known, GNSS zenith troposphere delay (GNSS_ZTD) is an indispensable data source for retrieving precipitable water vapor (PWV). However, the newest GPT3 empirical model is not accurate enough to perform the ZTD (GPT3_ZTD) and PWV (GPT3_PWV) estimation in some regions, such as Japan. Thus, here we introduce a radial basis function (RBF) neural network to establish ZTD forecast models based on the GPT3 model and use the predicted ZTD to retrieve PWV and adopt the retrieved PWV in forecasting precipitation. To thoroughly verify the accuracy of forecast results in 2021, we selected three external validation data, which are GNSS, radiosonde, and meteorological data. The GNSS_ZTD validation results show that the error compensation model of GPT3 based on RBF is superior to the GPT3 model and the model using a single RBF and back propagation (BP) neural network. The average RMSE of all GNSS stations is 50.7mm, 53.7mm, and 37.8mm for GPT3_ZTD, RBF_BP_ZTD, and RBF_GPT3_ZTD, respectively. The GNSS_PWV and RO_PWV validation results show that the retrieved PWV with compensation of RBF_GPT3_ZTD is better than the uncompensated GPT3_ZTD, the average accuracy of RBF_GPT3_PWV of GNSS stations and radiosonde stations is improved by 40.4% and 25.8% against that of GPT3_PWV. For the precipitation forecast model results, the average forecast accuracy of all GNSS stations and radiosonde stations is 63.12% and 61.36%, according to the ERA5 precipitation. The average forecast accuracy is 66.26%, validated by meteorological precipitation records. The proposed model not only improves the GPT3 model but also forecasts the PWV value, which can improve the precipitation forecast in Japan, and is expected to expand to other regions.
Understanding H–aggregates crystallization induced emissive behavior：insights from theory
Authors: Li Huixue , yuan kun , lv lingling , liu kui , li zhifeng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The influence of molecular stacking effect on photophysical property in solid phase was investigated theoretically. We found the out–plane distorted vibration and imidazole ring stretching vibration of triimidazo-[1, 3, 5]triazinethe were obviously suppressed in the aggregated state, which decreased Huang–Rhys factor and the corresponding reorganization energy of photophysical process, as a result, it restricted intramolecular motion and restrained dissipation pathways of the excess energy in the excited state, therefore, aggregation induced enhancement emission (AIEE) was found for the title compound from difluorochloromethane solution to solid state. The simulated emission spectrum by discrete spectral lines indicated the main peak was affected by the vibrational modes with lower frequencies, meanwhile the shoulder peak of the emission spectrum was affected by the middle–frequency modes. Furthermore, the predicted intersystem crossing rate (kiosk) and reverse intersystem crossing rate (krisc) using Marcus theory confirmed that an electron can successfully shift from its S1 state to the T1 state, however, the reverse T1 → S1 process can not come into being duo to very small krisc (10–6 − 10–9 s–1), therefore the phosphorescence can be observed. At last, we explored the influence of charge transfer process on the delayed fluorescence phenomenon of the title compound, the prompt fluorescence and the delayed fluorescence phenomenon from photo-induced charge transfer of both the paths can explain the experimental three-exponential fluorescent spectrum.