bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venom composition and pain-causing toxins of the Australian great carpenter bee Xylocopa aruana
Authors: Shi Naiqi , Szanto Tibor G. , He Jia , Schroeder Christina I. , Walker Andrew A. , Deuis Jennifer R. , Vetter Irina , Panyi György , King Glenn F. , Robinson Samuel D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMost species of bee are capable of delivering a defensive sting which is often painful. A solitary lifestyle is the ancestral state of bees and most extant species are solitary, but information on bee venoms comes predominantly from studies on eusocial species. In this study we investigated the venom composition of the Australian great carpenter bee, Xylocopa aruana Ritsema, 1876. We show that the venom is relatively simple, composed mainly of one small amphipathic peptide (XYTX1-Xa1a), with lesser amounts of an apamin homologue (XYTX2-Xa2a) and a venom phospholipase-A2 (PLA2). XYTX1-Xa1a is homologous to, and shares a similar mode-of-action to melittin and the bombilitins, the major components of the venoms of the eusocial Apis mellifera (Western honeybee) and Bombus spp. (bumblebee), respectively. XYTX1-Xa1a and melittin directly activate mammalian sensory neurons and cause spontaneous pain behaviours in vivo, effects which are potentiated in the presence of venom PLA2. The apamin-like peptide XYTX2-Xa2a was a relatively weak blocker of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels and, like A. mellifera apamin and mast cell-degranulating peptide, did not contribute to pain behaviours in mice. While the composition and mode-of-action of the venom of X. aruana are similar to that of A. mellifera, the greater potency, on mammalian sensory neurons, of the major pain-causing component in A. mellifera venom may represent an adaptation to the distinct defensive pressures on eusocial Apidae.
Deep learning-enabled Inference of 3D molecular absorption distribution of biological cells from IR spectra
Authors: Magnussen Eirik Almklov , Zimmermann Boris , Blazhko Uladzislau , Dzurendova Simona , Dupuy–Galet Benjamin , Byrtusova Dana , Muthreich Florian , Tafintseva Valeria , Liland Kristian Hovde , Tøndel Kristin , Shapaval Volha , Kohler Achim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInfrared spectroscopy delivers abundant information about the chemical composition, as well as the structural and optical properties of intact samples in a non-destructive manner. We present a deep convolutional neural network which exploits all of this information and solves full-wave inverse scattering problems and thereby obtains the 3D optical, structural and chemical properties from infrared spectroscopic measurements of intact micro-samples. The proposed model encodes scatter-distorted infrared spectra and infers the distribution of the complex refractive index function of concentrically spherical samples, such as many biological cells. The approach delivers simultaneously the molecular absorption, sample morphology and effective refractive index in both the cell wall and interior from a single measured spectrum. The model is trained on simulated scatter-distorted spectra, where absorption in the distinct layers is simulated and the scatter-distorted spectra are estimated by analytic solutions of Maxwell’s equations for samples of different sizes. This allows for essentially real-time deep learning-enabled infrared diffraction micro-tomography, for a large subset of biological cells.
Reduced thermal expansion by surface-mounted nanoparticles in a pillared-layered metal-organic framework
Authors: Berger Jan , Dönmez Alper-Sedat , Ullrich Aladin , Bunzen Hana , Fischer Roland A. , Kieslich Gregor 
Published: December 2022

AbstractControl of thermal expansion (TE) is important to improve material longevity in applications with repeated temperature changes or fluctuations. The TE behavior of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is increasingly well understood, while the impact of surface-mounted nanoparticles (NPs) on the TE properties of MOFs remains unexplored despite large promises of NP@MOF composites in catalysis and adsorbate diffusion control. Here we study the influence of surface-mounted platinum nanoparticles on the TE properties of Pt@MOF (Pt@Zn2(DP-bdc)2dabco; DP-bdc2-=2,5-dipropoxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, dabco=1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane). We show that TE is largely retained at low platinum loadings, while high loading results in significantly reduced TE at higher temperatures compared to the pure MOF. These findings support the chemical intuition that surface-mounted particles restrict deformation of the MOF support and suggest that composite materials exhibit superior TE properties thereby excluding thermal stress as limiting factor for their potential application in temperature swing processes or catalysis.
Precipitation in eastern China over the past millennium varied with large-scale climate patterns
Authors: Wang Mengyu , Hu Chaoyong , Liu Yuhui , Li Lianlian , Xie Shucheng , Johnson Kathleen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractModern precipitation variability over East China is known to be characterized by meridional tripole and dipole structures, linked to atmosphere and ocean dynamics. As the instrumental data may be influenced by anthropogenic global warming, it is unclear whether the physical mechanism underlying the tripole and dipole pattern have remained constant since the pre-industrial period. Here we investigate spatiotemporal precipitation variability over the past 1150 years using three high-resolution stalagmite δ18O records from southern, central and northern China. Principal component analysis results suggest that the first principal component, reflecting large-scale Asian monsoon strength, is closely linked to solar variability. The second and third principal components, which reflect rainfall, reveal tripole and dipole patterns that persist over the last millennium and are driven by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). We find that interactions between the monsoon, PDO, and AMO influence spatiotemporal rainfall patterns in East China.
Strength and variability of the Oligocene Southern Ocean surface temperature gradient
Authors: Hoem Frida S. , Sauermilch Isabel , Aleksinski Adam K. , Huber Matthew , Peterse Francien , Sangiorgi Francesca , Bijl Peter K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLarge Oligocene Antarctic ice sheets co-existed with warm proximal waters offshore Wilkes Land. Here we provide a broader Southern Ocean perspective to such warmth by reconstructing the strength and variability of the Oligocene Australian-Antarctic latitudinal sea surface temperature gradient. Our Oligocene TEX86-based sea surface temperature record from offshore southern Australia shows temperate (20–29 °C) conditions throughout, despite northward tectonic drift. A persistent sea surface temperature gradient (~5–10 °C) exists between Australia and Antarctica, which increases during glacial intervals. The sea surface temperature gradient increases from ~26 Ma, due to Antarctic-proximal cooling. Meanwhile, benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotope decline indicates ice loss/deep-sea warming. These contrasting patterns are difficult to explain by greenhouse gas forcing alone. Timing of the sea surface temperature cooling coincides with deepening of Drake Passage and matches results of ocean model experiments that demonstrate that Drake Passage opening cools Antarctic proximal waters. We conclude that Drake Passage deepening cooled Antarctic coasts which enhanced thermal isolation of Antarctica.
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 (IGFBP7) links senescence to heart failure
Authors: Zhang Liyong , Smyth David , Al-Khalaf Mohammad , Blet Alice , Du Qiujiang , Bernick Jordan , Gong Michael , Chi Xu , Oh Yena , Roba-Oshin Malaika , Coletta Elizabeth , Feletou Michel , Gramolini Anthony O. , Kim Kyoung-Han , Coutinho Thais , Januzzi James L. , Tyl Benoit , Ziegler Andre , Liu Peter P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is a rising global cardiovascular epidemic driven by aging and chronic inflammation. As elderly populations continue to increase, precision treatments for age-related cardiac decline are urgently needed. Here we report that cardiac and blood expression of IGFBP7 is robustly increased in patients with chronic HF and in an HF mouse model. In a pressure overload mouse HF model, Igfbp7 deficiency attenuated cardiac dysfunction by reducing cardiac inflammatory injury, tissue fibrosis and cellular senescence. IGFBP7 promoted cardiac senescence by stimulating IGF-1R/IRS/AKT-dependent suppression of FOXO3a, preventing DNA repair and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, thereby accelerating the progression of HF. In vivo, AAV9-shRNA-mediated cardiac myocyte Igfbp7 knockdown indicated that myocardial IGFBP7 directly regulates pathological cardiac remodeling. Moreover, antibody-mediated IGFBP7 neutralization in vivo reversed IGFBP7-induced suppression of FOXO3a, restored DNA repair and ROS detoxification signals and attenuated pressure-overload-induced HF in mice. Consequently, selectively targeting IGFBP7-regulated senescence pathways may have broad therapeutic potential for HF.
Structural functionality of skeletal muscle mitochondria and its correlation with metabolic diseases
Authors: Swalsingh Gourabamani , Pani Punyadhara , Bal Naresh C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The skeletal muscle is one of the largest organs in the mammalian body. Its remarkable ability to swiftly shift its substrate selection allows other organs like the brain to choose their preferred substrate first. Healthy skeletal muscle has a high level of metabolic flexibility, which is reduced in several metabolic diseases, including obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Skeletal muscle health is highly dependent on optimally functioning mitochondria that exist in a highly integrated network with the sarcoplasmic reticulum and sarcolemma. The three major mitochondrial processes: biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy, taken together, determine the quality of the mitochondrial network in the muscle. Since muscle health is primarily dependent on mitochondrial status, the mitochondrial processes are very tightly regulated in the skeletal muscle via transcription factors like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, estrogen-related receptors, nuclear respiratory factor, and Transcription factor A, mitochondrial. Physiological stimuli that enhance muscle energy expenditure, like cold and exercise, also promote a healthy mitochondrial phenotype and muscle health. In contrast, conditions like metabolic disorders, muscle dystrophies, and aging impair the mitochondrial phenotype, which is associated with poor muscle health. Further, exercise training is known to improve muscle health in aged individuals or during the early stages of metabolic disorders. This might suggest that conditions enhancing mitochondrial health can promote muscle health. Therefore, in this review, we take a critical overview of current knowledge about skeletal muscle mitochondria and the regulation of their quality. Also, we have discussed the molecular derailments that happen during various pathophysiological conditions and whether it is an effect or a cause.
Reference Intervals in Coagulation Analysis
Authors: Müller Jens , Büchsel Martin , Timme Michael , App Urban , Miesbach Wolfgang , Sachs Ulrich J. , Krause Michael , Scholz Ute 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBlood coagulation analysis is characterized by the application of a variety of materials, reagents, and analyzers for the determination of the same parameter, or analyte, by different laboratories worldwide. Accordingly, the application of common reference intervals, that, by definition, would represent a “range of values (of a certain analyte) that is deemed normal for a physiological measurement in healthy persons,” is difficult to implement without harmonization of procedures. In fact, assay-specific reference intervals are usually established to allow for the discrimination of normal and abnormal values during evaluation of patient results. While such assay-specific reference intervals are often determined by assay manufacturers and subsequently adopted by customer laboratories, verification of transferred values is still mandatory to confirm applicability on site. The same is true for reference intervals that have been adopted from other laboratories, published information, or determined by indirect data mining approaches. In case transferable reference intervals are not available for a specific assay, a direct recruiting approach may or needs to be applied. In comparison to transferred reference interval verification, however, the direct recruiting approach requires a significantly higher number of well-defined samples to be collected and analyzed. In the present review, we aim to give an overview on the above-mentioned aspects and procedures, also with respect to relevant standards, regulations, guidelines, but also challenges for both, assay manufacturers and coagulation laboratories.
The Science Behind Nefertiti's Beauty: A Plastic Surgeon's Analysis
Authors: Chauhan Neha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction The famous stucco limestone coated “Bust of Nefertiti” housed in the Neues Museum, Germany dated 1,345 BC is an icon of beauty. Sculpted around three millennia ago by Thutmose, the bust still emits a charm that leaves its audience spellbound. However, no one, to the best of author's knowledge, has analyzed this sculpture or its photographs objectively to determine if there is any scientific basis to its attractiveness.
Materials and Methods High-resolution photographs of the bust were anthropometrically analyzed in frontal and right lateral profile views using neoclassical canons and Farkas' studies.
Results The photographs of the bust exhibit many of the neoclassical canons and proportions of Farkas' studies exactly, while many of the remaining are very close to these measurements. A few measurements are out of range of what is considered acceptable these days; however, her overall appearance is pleasing.
Conclusion Despite passage of more than three millennia, the proportions and parameters defining beautiful faces have largely remained unchanged.
Etiopathological Factors Associated with Gynecomastia Patients Seeking Surgical Correction in the South Indian Population
Authors: Sreelesh L.S. , Rajan Sheeja , Anu A. K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Although several medical conditions are associated with gynecomastia, around 60% of cases are idiopathic. The role of endocrine testing in idiopathic gynecomastia is controversial. This study was done to determine the etiological and lifestyle factors associated with different grades of gynecomastia.
Patients and Methods This was a descriptive study conducted at the department of plastic surgery in a tertiary care hospital in South India between January 2014 and December 2016, among the patients seeking corrective surgery for gynecomastia.
Results A total of 73 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 22.56 years. The majority of the patients displayed Simon's Grade IIa gynecomastia (56.2%). The etiological factors identified in this study were hormonal abnormalities (47.95%), hypogonadism (2.7%), and drug intake (1.4%). The most common hormonal abnormality discovered was high estradiol values (15.1%) followed by decreased testosterone levels (13.7%). The chi-squared test revealed no statistically significant relationship between the hormonal values, type of food, body mass index (BMI), or physical activity and the grades of gynecomastia.
Conclusion Most of the patients (50.68%) in our study had idiopathic gynecomastia. The most common hormonal abnormality detected was high estradiol values. No correlation was found between the hormonal values, type of food, BMI, or physical activity and the grades of gynecomastia.
Diagnosis and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Survey of Physicians from the Middle East and Africa
Authors: Beshyah Salem A. , Bashir Mohammed , Ekhzaimy Aishah , Mansour Abbas Ali , Mustafa Huda E. , Elbarbary Nancy , Ghazeeri Ghina , Abdel Rahim Hisham Mohamed , Abdelmannan Dima K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Studies from several regions examined the approach to diagnosing and managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Limited data are available from the Middle East and Africa (MEA).
Objective The aim of this study was to understand the practice pattern for diagnosing and managing PCOS by relevant specialists across the MEA region.
Methods We used an online survey consisting of an established questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions grouped to capture information on (a) the characteristics of the respondents, (b) patients with PCOS seen by respondents, (c) the diagnostic criteria, (d) biochemical parameters for differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism, (e) long-term concerns, and, finally (f) management choices.
Results A total of 190 questionnaires were available for final analysis; 73.7% of the respondents were senior physicians; 59.5% and 17.4% were endocrinologists and gynecologists, respectively. Menstrual irregularity was the most frequent criterion used for the diagnosis of PCOS (90.5%), followed by hirsutism (75.7%), and biochemical hyperandrogenism (71.4%). Dehydroepiandrosterone was the most frequent biochemical parameter used for the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism (52.4%) followed by total testosterone (45.4%). Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus were the principal long-term concerns for PCOS (45.1%), followed by infertility (29.9%). Metformin was the most commonly prescribed treatment (43.8%), followed by lifestyle modification (27.0%), and oral contraceptives (18.9%). Infertility treatments include metformin alone, clomiphene citrate alone, or their combination prescribed by 23.1, 9.9, or 52.7%, respectively, whereas only 3.8% contemplated ovulation induction. Some differences and similarities were observed in previous studies, including gynecologists and endocrinologists.
Conclusions This survey provides a baseline for the perspective in diagnosing and treating PCOS in the MEA region. Some deviation is observed from mainline recommended practices. More education on PCOS diagnostic criteria and treatment of PCOS is needed in line with the recently published evidence international guideline.
Perianal Psoriasis as the First Manifestation of the Disease
Authors: Aceves Quintero Claudia Alejandra , Rosado Martínez Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction Inverse psoriasis affects the skin of flexural areas, such as the groin, axillae, umbilicus, intergluteal fold, and external genitalia.
Clinical Case We herein report the case of a man who presented with anal pruritus and, upon physical examination, a perianal dermatosis was found, which was characterized by erythematous plaques, with fine scaling. The case was initially managed with zinc oxide, and when no improvement was observed, we decided to take an incisional biopsy, which indicated histological changes suggestive of psoriasiform dermatitis.
Discussion Inverse psoriasis affects 3% to 7% of patients with psoriasis, and it manifests with erythematous plaques without the classic scaling appearance. The skin in these areas is susceptible to maceration, irritation, and ulceration, which alter the classic clinical picture. It may present with typical lesions or, less frequently, in isolation in the anogenital region. In the anogenital presentation only, the diagnosis should be made by biopsy, looking for the classic histopathological features of psoriasis. As for the first-line treatment, low- or medium-potency topical steroids are used for short periods of time; the second-line treatment is with emollients and tar-based products; and the third-line treatment uses an immunomodulator.
Conclusion This presentation is infrequent, and it requires a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis, always supported by biopsies, in search of the classic histopathological features of psoriasis.
Abnormalities of the Eyelashes in Turner's Syndrome
Authors: Almarzooqi Layla , Schmidt Esther , Schmidt Heinrich , Dubinski Ilja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTurner's syndrome (TS) is a sex chromosome disorder caused by a partial loss, complete absence or structural abnormality of one X chromosome in females. Special ocular features are often found. Some of the abnormalities are only cosmetic, such as the abnormalities of the eyelashes. The present prospective study with 12 TS and 12 control patients demonstrates the higher number of eyelashes as well as the greater vertical distance between the roots of the eyelashes in patients with TS compared with the control group. Increased awareness of this ophthalmological abnormality could be an additional diagnostic tool for early clinical suspicion of TS diagnosis.
Diagnosing low-mode (ℓ &lt; 6) and mid-mode (6 ≤ ℓ ≤ 60) asymmetries in the post-stagnation phase of laser-direct-drive deuterium–tritium cryogenic implosions on OMEGA
Authors: Baltazar J. , Betti R. , Churnetski K. , Gopalaswamy V. , Knauer J. P. , Patel D. , Rinderknecht H. G. , Shah R. C. , Stoeckl C. , Williams C. A. , Regan S. P. 
Published: December 2022

Low- and mid-mode perturbations are possible candidates for performance limitations in cryogenic direct-drive implosions on the OMEGA laser at the Laboratory of Laser Energetics. Simulations with a 3D hydrocode demonstrated that hotspot imagers do not show evidence of the shell breakup in the dense fuel. However, these same simulations revealed that the low- and mid-mode perturbations in the dense fuel could be diagnosed more easily in the post-stagnation phase of the implosion by analyzing the peak in the x-ray emission limb at the coronal–fuel interface than before or at the stagnation phase. In experiments, the asymmetries are inferred from gated images of the x-ray emission of the implosion by using a 16-pinhole array imager filtered to record x-ray energies &gt;800 eV and an x-ray framing camera with 40-ps time integration and 20-μm spatial resolution. A modal analysis is applied to the spatial distribution of the x-ray emission from deuterium and tritium cryogenic implosions on OMEGA recorded after the bang time to diagnose the low- and mid-mode asymmetries, and to study the effect that the beam-to-target ratio (Rb/Rt) has on the shell integrity.
Ag@ZIF-67 nanocomposites for ultra-sensitive SERS detection to thiram molecules
Authors: Yuan Yangtao , Gao Lei , Luo Yuanyuan , Mi Jiajia , Cao Zhenyu , Wang Man , Shi Jianping , Duan Guotao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering technique has become a powerful tool for detecting trace targets in the field of food-safety. However, it is a challenge to regulate the hot spots of the detection substrate and its interaction with target molecules for the enhancement of SERS activity. Herein, we reported the high performance SERS substrate based on Ag@ZIF-67 nanocomposite with sugar-coated haws like structure. It was found that the coverage of ZIF-67 particles on the surface of Ag nanowires can adjust the SERS ability of detection substrate. Compared with pure Ag nanowires, functionalized Ag nanowires exhibit outstanding SERS activity with good stability and uniformity. The detection limit of crystal violet and thiram can be as low as 10−10 M and 10−8 M, respectively. After 35 d, the SERS activity remains basically unchanged. Furthermore, it also has excellent SERS response to 5

×

10−5 M thiram residues on the surface of vegetables. Such high SERS activity can be attributed to the enrichment and screening molecular effect of porous ZIF-67 nanoparticles, and the surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag nanowires. This work provides a simple strategy for the on-site detection of pesticide residues in the actual applications.