bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Director Departure and Noncompliance With Securities Laws
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Ye 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThis study investigates director departures surrounding the actual commencement of noncompliance events when public perception of the wrongdoing is less likely to exist.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a manually constructed nonaccounting noncompliance dataset of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s enforcement actions and hand‐collected information on directors’ status and characteristics, this study finds that firms not complying with securities laws experienced significantly higher unexpected director departures than control firms during the period in which the noncompliance began. Outside directors, in particular, tend to leave in the pre‐noncompliance period but not in the post‐noncompliance phase. The findings are robust across propensity score–matched tests, conditional logistic regression, and when controlling for CEO turnover. Further exploration of the characteristics of departing directors provides insights into the dynamics of the internal governance mechanism. It shows that directors with a background in an area of specialized expertise tend to leave noncompliant firms. The evidence also suggests that power struggles between departing directors and managers in noncompliant firms might contribute to director departure.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study extends the literature aimed at unraveling internal governance mechanisms around firms’ negative events. Since there are several important points along the timeline of a negative event, providing evidence on director behavior around these points can offer deeper insights into internal governance mechanisms.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study provides unique evidence that there is an abnormal departure rate of directors before the commencement of firms’ wrongdoings. This departure is consistent with explanations that directors with an information advantage from a special background are likely to foresee that problems or power struggles between directors and managers are likely to induce the departure of a director who is in a relatively weak position. The findings offer insights for policy makers, suggesting that regulators may need to reflect upon the shortcomings of the current governance system and how to hold management accountable, rather than putting heavy emphasis on developing doctrines for directors’ duties.
Ear Problems Are Associated With Traumatic Dental Injuries Among Australian‐Indigenous‐Children
Authors: Ju Xiangqun , Mejia Gloria , Hedges Joanne , Jamieson Lisa M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground/AimThe association between ear problems and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) has not been examined in longitudinal cohort studies. The study aimed to estimate the effect of ear problems on TDIs in primary and permanent teeth among Australian Indigenous children.MethodsThe Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children is a study of two representative cohorts of Indigenous Australian children, aged from 6 months to 2 years (baby cohort) or from 3.5 to 5 years (child cohort) at baseline (2008). The children's mother/primary carer undertook a face‐to‐face interview in 2008, repeated annually for the next 9 years. Ear problems included runny ears, perforated eardrum, total deafness, deaf in one ear, hearing loss/partially deaf, and other ear problems. TDIs were teeth and oral soft and hard tissue injuries. Multivariate survival analysis using Cox proportional regression models estimated hazards ratio (HR) were used in the analysis.ResultsA total of 870 from baby cohort and 668 from child cohort Indigenous children, who had no TDIs at baseline were included in the analysis. The prevalence of TDIs was 9.2%, 11.1%, and 6.6% in the total, baby, and child cohorts, respectively. Multivariable models for TDIs indicate children with ear problems had nearly four times (total: HR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.82–6.77), five times (baby cohort: HR = 4.76, 95% CI: 1.59–11.63), and more than 15 times (child cohort: HR = 16.2, 95% CI: 4.78–49.28) the average hazard over time, than those without ear problems. After adjusting for all covariates, children with ear problems had more than 22 times (HR = 22.03, 95% CI: 4.50–87.07) TDIs than those without ear problems in the child cohort. Mothers/primary carers with lower educational level was positively associated with the incidence of TDIs.ConclusionEar problems were a risk indicator for the increased incidence of TDIs in two large cohorts of Indigenous Australian children. Mothers/primary carers' educational level was a significant risk factor for TDIs.
Eco‐Evolutionary Consequences of Selective Exploitation on Metapopulations Illustrated With Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Lamarins Amaïa , Carlson Stephanie M. , Prévost Etienne , Satterthwaite William H. , Buoro Mathieu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough the eco‐evolutionary consequences of dispersal and exploitation are increasingly recognised, consideration of these effects and how they interact for management and conservation remains limited. We addressed this gap by examining population exploitation within a metapopulation framework, using Atlantic salmon as a case study. We compared eco‐evolutionary consequences of alternative exploitation strategies by incorporating selective exploitation based on life‐history traits and spatial dimension of exploitation (i.e., whether populations were net exporters or importers of individuals). We used a demo‐genetic agent‐based model to examine demographic and evolutionary consequences of these strategies across a gradient of population‐specific exploitation rates. At the metapopulation scale, we found both lower abundance and earlier sexual maturation with increasing exploitation, particularly when fishing was selective on larger individuals. The spatial selectivity of exploitation had an overall additional detrimental effect on metapopulation performance and fisheries yield, and induced stronger evolutionary changes than when exploitation was evenly spread over all populations. We discuss the implications of metapopulation functioning for species management and how considering dispersal patterns and intensity might change how we apply harvest. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that the safest approach remains to distribute exploitation efforts evenly across all populations, especially in the absence of variation in intrinsic productivity. However, this strategy might not completely prevent negative consequences at the local scale. Therefore, we advise managers to critically assess the relevance of our results and dispersal assumptions in the specific cases they may have to deal with.
Prognostic values of molecular subtypes and SWI/SNF protein expression in de‐differentiated/undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Shin Chae Young , Gokbayrak Bengul , Tao Valerie L , Almadani Noorah , S Li Eunice , Ho Rebecca , Kommoss Felix KF , Huvila Jutta , Chiu Derek , Leung Samuel , Tessier‐Cloutier Basile , Huntsman David G , Gilks C Blake , McAlpine Jessica N , Hoang Lynn , Wang Yemin 
Published: January 2025

AimsClassification and risk stratification of endometrial carcinoma (EC) has transitioned from histopathological features to molecular classification, e.g. the ProMisE classifier, identifying four prognostic subtypes: POLE mutant (POLEmut) with almost no recurrence or disease‐specific death events, mismatch repair deficient (MMRd) and no specific molecular profile (NSMP), with intermediate outcome and p53 abnormal (p53abn) with poor outcomes. However, the applicability of molecular classification is unclear in rare but aggressive histotypes of EC, e.g. de‐differentiated and undifferentiated endometrial cancers (DD/UDEC). Here, we aim to assembled a cohort of DD/UDEC from a single institution and analysed the prognostic significance of ProMisE molecular subtypes and the expression of SWItch/sucrose non‐fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodelling complex members, previously implicated in the pathogenesis of DD/UDEC.Methods and resultsWe accrued 88 DD/UDEC cases, assessed POLE status by Sanger sequencing and performed immunohistochemistry for p53, mismatch repair and SWI/SNF proteins on the tissue microarrays assembled. Assignment of molecular subtypes was possible in 80 tumours; POLE sequencing failed in the remaining eight cases. There were 12 (15%) POLEmut, 44 (55%) MMRd, 14 (17.5%) p53abn and 10 (12.5%) NSMP DD/UDEC. POLEmut DD/UDECs had excellent outcomes, but the other three molecular subtypes all had poor outcomes, with no significant differences among them. The loss of one or more SWI/SNF proteins [AT‐rich interactive domain‐containing protein 1A (ARID1A), ARID1B, SWI/SNF‐related, matrix‐associated, actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4 (SMARCA4), SMARCA2], observed in 66% (55 of 83) cases, was not of prognostic significance.ConclusionsThese results indicate that all molecular subtypes of DD/UDEC except POLEmut behave in an aggressive fashion. Further study is needed to determine whether these molecular alterations can be targeted with adjuvant therapy, in order to improve outcomes of patients with DD/UDEC.
Mortality and Function After Hip Fracture or Pneumonia in People With and Without Dementia
Authors: Hunt Lauren J. , Morrison R. Sean , Gan Siqi , Espejo Edie , Boscardin W. John , Rodin Rebecca , Ornstein Katherine A. , Smith Alexander K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe extent to which disruptive surgical or medical events impact mortality and function is critical for anticipatory planning and informing goal‐aligned care.MethodsUsing Health and Retirement Study data (2008–2018), we employed propensity score matching to compare the impact of hospitalization for hip fracture (a surgical event) or pneumonia (a medical event) among people with dementia to two groups: (1) people with dementia who did not experience these events; and (2) people without dementia who experienced an event. Dementia status was determined using validated cognitive assessments (Hurd method); hip fracture and pneumonia were identified from Medicare claims. Outcomes were 1‐year mortality and function, defined as a summary score of requiring assistance with 6 ADL's and 5 IADL's, with higher scores indicating better function.ResultsAmong people with dementia, predicted 1‐year mortality was higher among those with hip fracture (35.4%) versus those without hip fracture (14.8%), with similar patterns for pneumonia (49.6% vs. 13.0%). Among people with dementia, function declined abruptly at time of hip fracture (−2.09 [95% CI −2.94, −1.25]) and continued to decline after (−0.48 [95% CI −0.87, −0.09]). There were similar patterns for pneumonia (drop at time of pneumonia of −1.49 [95% CI −2.0, −0.97] and after −0.05 [95% CI, −0.29, 0.19]). Compared to people without dementia with hip fracture, people with dementia had higher 1‐year mortality (35.4%) versus people without dementia (24%), with similar patterns for pneumonia (49.6% vs. 39.7%). Function stabilized for people without dementia after hip fracture (−0.03, 95% CI −0.22, 0.16), which was significantly different than people without dementia (p < 0.0001). Function improved for people without dementia after pneumonia (0.13, 95% CI 0.03, 0.24), but was not statistically different than for people with dementia (p = 0.17).ConclusionDisruptive events such as hip fracture or pneumonia substantially alter the clinical trajectories of people with dementia.
Navigating the landscape of plant proteomics
Authors: Sang Tian , Zhang Zhen , Liu Guting , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn plants, proteins are fundamental to virtually all biological processes, such as photosynthesis, signal transduction, metabolic regulation, and stress responses. Studying protein distribution, function, modifications, and interactions at the cellular and tissue levels is critical for unraveling the complexities of these biological pathways. Protein abundance and localization are highly dynamic and vary widely across the proteome, presenting a challenge for global protein quantification and analysis. Mass spectrometry‐based proteomics approaches have proven to be powerful tools for addressing this complex issue. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in proteomics research and their applications in plant biology, with an emphasis on the current state and challenges of studying post‐translational modifications, single‐cell proteomics, and protein–protein interactions. Additionally, we discuss future prospects for plant proteomics, highlighting potential opportunities that proteomics technologies offer in advancing plant biology research.
Development of a Deep Learning‐Based Model for Pressure Injury Surface Assessment
Authors: Liu Ankang , Ma Hualong , Zhu Yanying , Wu Qinyang , Xu Shihai , Feng Wei , Liang Haobin , Ma Jian , Wang Xinwei , Ye Xuemei , Liu Yanxiong , Wang Chao , Sun Xu , Xiang Shijun , Yang Qiaohong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo develop a deep learning‐based smart assessment model for pressure injury surface.DesignExploratory analysis study.MethodsPressure injury images from four Guangzhou hospitals were labelled and used to train a neural network model. Evaluation metrics included mean intersection over union (MIoU), pixel accuracy (PA), and accuracy. Model performance was tested by comparing wound number, maximum dimensions and area extent.ResultsFrom 1063 images, the model achieved 74% IoU, 88% PA and 83% accuracy for wound bed segmentation. Cohen's kappa coefficient for wound number was 0.810. Correlation coefficients were 0.900 for maximum length (mean difference 0.068 cm), 0.814 for maximum width (mean difference 0.108 cm) and 0.930 for regional extent (mean difference 0.527 cm2).ConclusionThe model demonstrated exceptional automated estimation capabilities, potentially serving as a crucial tool for informed decision‐making in wound assessment.Implications and ImpactThis study promotes precision nursing and equitable resource use. The AI‐based assessment model serves clinical work by assisting healthcare professionals in decision‐making and facilitating wound assessment resource sharing.Reporting MethodThe STROBE checklist guided study reporting.Patient or Public ContributionPatients provided image resources for model training.
Nursing Skills in the Care of Patients With Respiratory Stomas in Hospitals With and Without Advanced Practice Tracheostomy Service
Authors: Martínez Beatriz , López María , Juana Sonia De , Jiménez José María , Alcoceba Irene , García Sara 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsTo identify whether there are differences in knowledge regarding the management of patients with respiratory stomas among nurses working in hospitals with an advanced practice tracheostomy service compared to those without it.DesignDescriptive, cross‐sectional, comparative, analytical survey study.MethodThe study was conducted from January to March 2023 in four tertiary care hospitals, two of which have an advanced practice tracheostomy service. A self‐administered questionnaire was designed, consisting of 16 questions about nurses' specialised training in caring for tracheostomy patients. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (24.0) from IBM.ResultsNurses in hospitals with a dedicated tracheostomy service obtained a higher mean score (7.1/10) and demonstrated greater anxiety when managing patients with stomas (p < 0.001), as well as an increased willingness to undergo specific training (p = 0.017) to reduce their lack of self‐confidence.ConclusionsA higher level of anxiety in the management of tracheostomised patients and a greater interest in receiving specific training have been observed among nurses in hospitals with advanced practice services (APTS), despite having greater training. Therefore, institutions should commit to incorporating advanced practice nurses and continuing education in the approach to ostomies among their professionals.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareImplementing ongoing training programmes and specific tracheostomy services or units in hospitals would enable nurses to provide high‐quality care for patients with respiratory stomas.Reporting MethodThe study adhered to the STROBE checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNeither patients nor the public were involved in the design or conduct of this research. Nurses participated exclusively in data collection.
Factors Associated With Prolonged Venous Transit in Large Vessel Occlusion Acute Ischemic Strokes
Authors: Salim Hamza Adel , Lakhani Dhairya A. , Balar Aneri B. , Mei Janet , Luna Licia , Shahriari Mona , Hyson Nathan Z. , Deng Francis , Dmytriw Adam A. , Guenego Adrien , Urrutia Victor C. , Marsh Elisabeth B. , Lu Hanzhang , Xu Risheng , Leigh Rich , Shah Gaurang , Wen Sijin , Albers Gregory W. , Hillis Argye E. , Llinas Rafael , Nael Kambiz , Wintermark Max , Heit Jeremy J. , Faizy Tobias D. , Yedavalli Vivek S. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeProlonged venous transit (PVT), derived from computed tomography perfusion (CTP) time‐to‐maximum (Tmax) maps, reflects compromised venous outflow (VO) in acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS‐LVO). Poor VO is associated with worse clinical outcomes, but pre‐treatment markers predictive of PVT are not well described.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 189 patients with anterior circulation AIS‐LVO who underwent baseline CT evaluation, including non‐contrast CT, CT angiography, and CTP. PVT was assessed on Tmax maps; PVT+ was defined as Tmax ≥ 10 s within the posterior superior sagittal sinus or torcula. Baseline clinical data were collected. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent associations between pre‐treatment markers and PVT.ResultsPVT+ was identified in 65 patients (34%). In multivariable analysis, higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.05 per point; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.11; P = 0.028) and male sex (aOR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.03–3.89; P = 0.043) were independently associated with PVT+.ConclusionsHigher admission NIHSS scores and male sex are independently associated with PVT in anterior circulation AIS‐LVO, suggesting that readily available clinical markers may help identify patients with poor VO profiles.
Domestication During Restoration: Unintentional Selection During Eight Generations of Wild Seed Propagation Reduces Herkogamy, Dichogamy and Heterozygosity in Clarkia pulchella
Authors: Etterson Julie R. , Fliehr Paige , Pizza Riley , Gross Briana L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSeed production on native seed farms has increased to meet the rising demand for plant material for restoration. Although these propagation efforts are necessary for restoration, cultivating wild populations may also result in unintentional selection and elicit evolutionary changes that mimic crop domestication, essentially turning these efforts into artificial domestication experiments. Here, we investigated whether phenotypic and genomic changes associated with domestication occurred in the wildflower Clarkia pulchella Pursh (Onagraceae) by comparing the wild source populations to the farmed population after eight generations of cultivation. At the phenotypic level, the farmed population shifted towards a floral morphology associated with self‐pollination, with a significant decrease in both dichogamy and herkogamy. At the genomic level, > 6500 SNPs revealed that mean expected heterozygosity of the farmed population was significantly lower than the wild populations, despite the fact that the farmed population originated from a pool of multiple wild populations. Both the shift towards a selfing phenotype and the loss of diversity are expected consequences of domestication, although the phenotypic shifts in particular occurred much more rapidly than has been observed for other domestication traits. We discuss these results in the context of plant domestication and the implications for retaining the genetic integrity of wild populations during the process of seed production for restoration.
A study protocol to develop virtual reality software in the care management of patients in intensive care
Authors: Terzi Banu , Düzkaya Duygu Sönmez , Uysal Gülzade , Yalnız Nazik 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe use of virtual reality is increasing in nursing to ensure patient safety and to improve the quality of care in the education of nurses.AimTo develop a virtual reality software for intensive care patient care management and to investigate the effect of this software on novice intensive care nurses.Study DesignThis study protocol contains a randomized controlled experimental design research. The nurses will be divided into control (n = 34) and study groups (n = 34) by randomization. The research will be conducted in four steps: (1) according to Kolcaba's Comfort Theory, the protocol for care management of an intensive care patient will be prepared and transferred to the virtual reality software, (2) the nurses in both groups will be given theoretical training, (3) a routine orientation training programme will be applied to the nurses in the control group, and those in the study group will be given virtual reality goggles. (4) Tools such as a ‘Clinical Practice Skills Observation Form and Knowledge Level Questionnaire’ and ‘Problem‐Solving Inventory’, ‘Clinical Decision‐Making Scale in Nursing’, ‘State Anxiety Inventory’ and ‘Satisfaction Level Questionnaire’ will be applied to both groups before commencing the theoretical training, 1 week after the application and in the first month of the application.ResultsThis protocol describes an experimental study aiming to test the impact of virtual reality software on novice intensive care nurses in the care management of an intensive care patient.ConclusionsThe results and recommendations will be shared after the study is completed.Relevance to Clinical PracticeWithin the scope of the research, the virtual reality software to be developed for the care management of an intensive care patient will provide important contributions to the development of nurses' problem‐solving and clinical decision‐making skills and reduce state anxiety levels in orientation to the intensive care unit (ICU).