bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A contribution to the investigation of acoustic interferences in aircraft distributed propulsion
Authors: Guérin Sébastien , Tormen Damiano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objective of this work is to better understand the acoustic interferences created by distributed propulsion engines based on an approach that combines RANS simulation results for the aerodynamic prediction and analytical models to calculate acoustics. A multi-propeller configuration without wing is considered for this investigation. The propeller geometry and the operating conditions are realistic for a regional transport airplane. In the first part of the paper, the results obtained by two different and independent prediction methods are compared. One method is well-established and serves as validation for the second, low-order method, which is better suited for design-to-noise applications since it requires less details as input and is computationally faster by several orders of magnitude. The good agreement between both methods, obtained for a single propeller as well as for the distributed propeller configuration, is exploited in the second part of the paper to investigate the role of acoustic interferences. Taking acoustic interferences into account drastically affects the directivity of the tonal emission. Compared to the results obtained by considering the propellers as if they were uncorrelated, the far-field sound pressure levels can be significantly lower at the radiation nodes or amplified up to the theoretical limit of 9 dB calculated for eight propellers. The directivity patterns depend on the relative initial angular positions of the propellers. When these positions are randomly varied according to the uniform probability density distribution model, the mean result (expectation) is the same as if the propellers were considered as uncorrelated. Finally, the results show that the probability that the acoustic level is lower than the mean value is higher than 50% because of the positive skewness of the probability distribution of the resulting pressure amplitude. Even though the propeller–propeller and propeller–wing interactions were not considered, the essence of the findings is expected to remain valid for more complex configurations because those interactions are rotor phase-locked.
Comparison of proximal gastrectomy with double-flap technique and double-tract reconstruction for proximal early gastric cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Qiao-zhen , Wang Peng-cheng , Chen Yan-xin , Lin Shu , Ye Kai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurgical resection is the main treatment for proximal gastric cancer, but there is no consensus on its reconstruction. We carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of double-tract reconstruction (DTR) and double-flap technique (DFT) on postoperative quality of life in patients with proximal gastric cancer. Systematic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Library were performed. Literature for the last 5 years was searched without language restrictions. The cutoff date for the search was 12 April 2023. Literature and research searches were conducted independently by two researchers and data were extracted. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager (Revman) 5.4 software. Fixed models were used when heterogeneity was small and random-effects models were used for meta-analysis when heterogeneity was large. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD 42023418520. Surgical time was significantly shorter in the DTR group than in the DFT group (P = 0.03). There were no significant differences between DFT and DTR in terms of age, gender, pathological stage, preoperative body mass index, surgical bleeding, and perioperative complications. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of reflux esophagitis and PPI intake, but DFT was superior to DTR in weight improvement at 1 year after surgery (P < 0.0001). Compared with DTR, DFT reconstruction is more demanding and time-consuming, but its postoperative nutritional status is better, so it should be the first choice for GI reconstruction in most patients with early proximal gastric cancer. However, DTR should be the best choice for patients who have difficulty operating.
Challenges and opportunities of the European Critical Raw Materials Act
Authors: Hool Alessandra , Helbig Christoph , Wierink Gijsbert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) is an essential regulatory framework designed to address the pressing challenges faced by the European Union (EU) in the strategic sectors of decarbonization, digitalization, and aerospace and defense. It aims to tackle the lack of secure and sustainable access to critical raw materials (CRMs) by increasing anticipation and mitigation of supply risks, fostering domestic CRM potential, and promoting sustainable sourcing practices. Part of a broader “Green Industrial Plan” and aligned with the “Net-Zero Industry Act” (NZIA), the CRMA strives to position the EU as a leading hub for clean tech industries. The NZIA and CRMA packages respond to international trends of protecting clean energy technology and resources, akin to the US Inflation Reduction Act. Defining materials as “strategic” based on their relevance and expected demand for strategic technologies, the CRMA regulation establishes benchmarks for minimum shares of EU demand to be covered by domestically sourced and processed as well as recycled raw materials and aims at reducing dependencies on single third country suppliers in all steps of the supply chain. A communication complements the regulation by focusing on increasing CRM supply security and sustainability through circularity, standardization efforts, skill development, and strategic actions for research and innovation. Establishing a “CRM Club” and partnerships with like-minded countries intend to strengthen international partnerships to safeguard CRM supply security and facilitate sustainable investment in resource-rich nations. Challenges arise concerning the concept of “strategic raw materials” and meeting benchmarks, particularly in materials availability, recycling targets, diversification, and the establishment of necessary skills. Data gaps, potential national differences, coherence with national legislation, long-term economic viability, and potential fuelling of international tensions also pose significant challenges to the effective implementation of the CRMA. Addressing these challenges and embracing the opportunities presented by the CRMA are crucial steps toward achieving sustainable resource management and advancing the EU’s clean tech industries.
Zuschusspolitiken für Privatschulen: Entwicklungen und parteipolitische Begründungen für die Sonderstellung von konfessionellen Privatschulen in Österreich
Authors: Gawert Moritz , Nikolai Rita 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungÖsterreich nimmt im internationalen Vergleich eine Sonderstellung in der Finanzierung seiner Privatschulen ein: nicht-konfessionelle Privatschulen werden bis heute ungleich behandelt und erhalten deutlich geringere Zuschüsse als konfessionelle Privatschulen. Diesen Entwicklungspfad sehen wir in der Wirkung spezifischer parteipolitischer Argumentationsmuster begründet, die den Akteurskonstellationen im österreichischen Parlament zugrunde liegen. Untersucht werden im Beitrag die Argumentationsmuster von Parteien in Parlamentsdebatten zur Bezuschussung von Privatschulen über verschiedene Zeitperioden hinweg. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Gleichbehandlung der Privatschulen bislang im Parlament keine parteiübergreifende Zustimmung, v. a. der beiden größeren Parteien von ÖVP und SPÖ, erhalten konnten.
Association of participants who screened positive for night eating syndrome with physical health, sleep problems, and weight status in an Australian adult population
Authors: Sakthivel Sai Janani , Hay Phillipa , Touyz Stephen , Currow David , Mannan Haider 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNight eating syndrome (NES) is a unique eating disorder characterised by evening hyperphagia and nocturnal ingestions which cause significant distress and/or impairment in functioning. Despite the growing literature, NES remains poorly understood and under diagnosed. As such, this study aims to compare the prevalence of physical health conditions in participants with NES when compared to participants without an eating disorder (ED) and participants with other eating disorders (including anorexia nervosa (AN), binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN)) in a general population Australian sample of adults.MethodsThe data for this study were obtained from the 2017 Health Omnibus Survey (HOS) a multi-stage, cross-sectional survey, conducted by Harrison Research in South Australia. This current study focused on 2547 participants over 18 years of age and specific questions from this population survey including those related to participant demographics and health.ResultsThis study identified that participants who screened positive for night eating syndrome (spNES) when compared to participants with other eating disorders (ED) or no ED diagnosis, were significantly more likely to have an increased age, be female, have lower levels of education and have lower household income. Additionally, the spNES group was significantly associated with sleep apnoea (p = 0.031), insomnia or other sleep problems (p < 0.0001), increased BMI (p < 0.0001), increased levels of pain/discomfort and lower physical health-related quality of life. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes were not significantly associated with the spNES group or the “other ED” group which included participants with AN, BED, BN.ConclusionsSeveral physical health problems were found to be significantly associated with the spNES group including sleep problems, increased BMI, increased levels of pain and lower self-reported physical health-related quality of life. Consequently, future research exploring the complex interaction between NES and these medical conditions may provide further insight into the diagnosis, screening tools and management of NES. Additionally, this study highlights the need for future studies which use larger population-based samples.Level of evidenceLevel III. Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Varying curricular responses to children’s existential questions in RE syllabi from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Bavaria and Berlin-Brandenburg
Authors: Sporre Karin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn which ways do curricula recognize existential questions of compulsory school students, and what direction is given regarding how to address them? By asking these two questions, this study analyses syllabi for the school subject of religion education and its equivalents in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, and in the two German regions of Bavaria and Berlin-Brandenburg. The study forms part of a research project based in Sweden where, in 1969, the theme of ‘livsfrågor’—translated here as ‘existential questions’—was introduced into the curriculum. A qualitative content analysis of the use of the word ‘question’ in the respective languages is the basis for the comparative study of the current syllabi. The Berlin-Brandenburg and Danish syllabi recognize and, in integrated ways, address students’ questions, while the other syllabi do so considerably less. Significant variations in the relationship between the child and the curriculum are exemplified. The results of the study raise both religion educational and general didactic questions of how existential dimensions and subjectification (cf. Biesta in World-centred education, Routledge, 2022) can find their expression in curricula. Additionally, the question is addressed of whether students’ questions can be understood as crucial in their orientation in the world and responded to responsibly, for example in a Bildung context.
Designing inclusive organizational identities
Authors: Freeman Ashlyee , Koçak Özgecan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOrganizational identity can be a key instrument in designers’ pursuit to build organizations that employ individuals from diverse social groups and create inclusive workplace cultures that support all members’ belonging, regardless of their status in society. We define an inclusive organizational identity as the belief (held by internal or external stakeholders) that inclusivity is one of the defining characteristics of an organization; that the organization intentionally incorporates diverse individuals—including those with historically marginalized social identities—into its governance, operations, and outputs. Building on studies in different literatures—ranging from micro-level research in psychology of belonging, meso-level research on sensegiving, and macro-level research on how organizations are perceived by their audiences—we develop a design-based approach to organizational identity. In order to create inclusive identities, designers will need to address trade-offs around whether to make identity claims, claim inclusivity as an identity feature, and affiliate with ideologies of inclusion (assimilation versus multiculturalism). If they choose to make identity claims, designers can bolster those claims by developing managers as stewards of the organization’s identity, facilitating employee participation to define inclusivity, and being transparent about diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) efforts.
Clinical Feature Ranking Based on Ensemble Machine Learning Reveals Top Survival Factors for Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Cerono Gabriel , Melaiu Ombretta , Chicco Davide 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GM) is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system considered to be highly aggressive and often carrying a terrible survival prognosis. An accurate prognosis is therefore pivotal for deciding a good treatment plan for patients. In this context, computational intelligence applied to data of electronic health records (EHRs) of patients diagnosed with this disease can be useful to predict the patients’ survival time. In this study, we evaluated different machine learning models to predict survival time in patients suffering from glioblastoma and further investigated which features were the most predictive for survival time. We applied our computational methods to three different independent open datasets of EHRs of patients with glioblastoma: the Shieh dataset of 84 patients, the Berendsen dataset of 647 patients, and the Lammer dataset of 60 patients. Our survival time prediction techniques obtained concordance index (C-index) = 0.583 in the Shieh dataset, C-index = 0.776 in the Berendsen dataset, and C-index = 0.64 in the Lammer dataset, as best results in each dataset. Since the original studies regarding the three datasets analyzed here did not provide insights about the most predictive clinical features for survival time, we investigated the feature importance among these datasets. To this end, we then utilized Random Survival Forests, which is a decision tree-based algorithm able to model non-linear interaction between different features and might be able to better capture the highly complex clinical and genetic status of these patients. Our discoveries can impact clinical practice, aiding clinicians and patients alike to decide which therapy plan is best suited for their unique clinical status.
Le priapisme, une urgence urologique: définition et prise en charge
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Archana , Valerio Massimo , Grobet-Jeandin Elisabeth 
Published: September 2023

RésuméLe priapisme, défini par une érection prolongée durant plus de 4 h malgré l’absence de stimulation sexuelle, peut être classé en deux catégories: ischémique et non-ischémique. Les principaux facteurs étiologiques du priapisme ischémique sont des maladies hématologiques, des syndromes néoplasiques et l’utilisation de certains agents pharmacologiques. Le priapisme non-ischémique peut quant à lui faire suite à un traumatisme pelvien, une atteinte neurologique ou post-opératoire. Le risque de séquelles étant lié à la durée du priapisme, il est essentiel d’identifier le sous-type pour entreprendre le plus rapidement possible le traitement approprié. Le priapisme ischémique est une urgence médicale nécessitant un drainage des corps caverneux. Le priapisme non-ischémique est d’évolution moins rapide mais nécessite néanmoins une identification précoce et son traitement consiste en la fermeture de la fistule vasculaire. Une dysfonction érectile secondaire peut en découler en cas de traitement différé ou inefficient, et un suivi est donc recommandé afin d’identifier les éventuelles récidives et séquelles ultérieures.
Paternalism and Liberty/Autonomy as Dialectically Related Concepts
Authors: Beck Birgit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFollowing a seminal definition by Gerald Dworkin, paternalism comprises interventions which interfere with the liberty or autonomy of a person, lack the concerned person’s consent and are conducted with benevolent intention. In a paper titled “The Concept of Paternalism” Dominik Düber advises abstaining from applying the notions of liberty and autonomy in a conceptual analysis of paternalism in order to avoid conceptual confusion and moral preconception regarding paternalism. In the present paper, I will argue to the contrary that both the concept and justification of paternalism depend dialectically on the notions of liberty and autonomy, respectively. The concept of paternalism alters its structure and meaning according to these notions. Likewise, the legal and ethical evaluation of particular instances of paternalism depend on the related concepts of liberty and autonomy.
A New Housing Mode in a Regional Landscape of Care: A Sociocultural Psychological Study of a Boundary Object
Authors: Gfeller Fabienne , Zittoun Tania 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study of ageing, which received growing attention over the past 30 years, has progressively realised the importance of the cultural, historical, and socio-economical environment for the various courses of ageing. However, we believe that it could be further conceptualised. First, we propose to enrich it through the notion of “landscape of care” developed by geography. Second, the distinction developed by sociocultural psychologists between sociogenesis, microgenesis, and ontogenesis is useful to articulate different scales of the landscape of care and to consider individual trajectories. Finally, the notion of boundary object leads us to discuss how a specific object might play a bridging function in this landscape. We draw on a regional case study carried out in a Swiss canton where the building of “flats with referees” is part of a new policy that aims at adapting the care and support network to demographic change and to favour ageing in place. Our hypothesis is that these flats may have a function of boundary object as they lead various actors to collaborate. Based on observations, desk research, and interviews, the study shows that on a sociogenetic level, these flats have a bridging function. However, on ontogenetic and microgenetic levels, divergences and misunderstandings hinder these flats to fully achieve this function. By examining the changes in the landscape of care, this article contributes to a better understanding of people’s trajectories within their sociocultural environments.
Palaeoclimatic niche modelling reveals the phylogeographic history of the South African shrew Myosorex varius and the colonisation route of the genus Myosorex (Mammalia, Soricidae) from East Africa
Authors: Pahad Govan , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine , Montgelard Claudine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMyosorex varius is a South African generalist shrew, which has been found to consist of several genetic clades across its range. A northern clade inhabits the more mesic, summer-rainfall areas of grassland and savannah in the east of South Africa. A southern clade occupies areas of fynbos in the south, and can be further divided into a western subclade occupying winter-rainfall areas and an eastern subclade occupying areas with aseasonal rainfall. Non-South-African members of the African genus Myosorex primarily are limited to isolated montane habitats along the East African Rift System. Here, we used palaeoclimatic niche modelling to examine the effects of Pliocene and Pleistocene climate change on the distributions of M. varius, its clades and the genus as a whole. Results indicate that repeated cycles of range expansion during glacial periods and fragmentation during interglacials are responsible for current phylogeographic patterns within M. varius. Based on their close alignment with rainfall zones and lack of genetic mixing despite areas of contact, it is likely that these (sub)clades are locally adapted to their respective areas. Earlier climatic fluctuations allowed the genus to ‘island hop’ south from East Africa along the East African Rift System, expanding in range during cooler periods and retreating to montane refugia during warmer periods. Areas currently occupied by Myosorex species largely correspond with predicted montane refugia that have allowed them to survive previous warm periods.
Recognition in Targeted Youth Work: Young Adults’ Experiences of Care, Respect, and Esteem
Authors: Välimäki Vesa , Husu Hanna-Mari 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article develops a framework, based on recognition theory, for examining youth work services that target young Finnish adults who are not in education or employment. It complements previous research by examining targeted youth work (TYW) as an institutional context with specific ways of recognising young adults. Drawing upon Axel Honneth’s recognition theory and Randall Collins’ interaction ritual theory, it explores how the context can provide access to different kinds of recognition-based situations. Thus, the analysis addresses how the three different forms of recognition (care, respect, and esteem) are activated and experienced by young adults in targeted youth work. Examining data drawn from 35 interviews with young adults who have been or are currently outside of education or employment, the findings highlight the potential of targeted youth work to offer social interactions that can help clients to encounter care, respect, and esteem. Findings also reveal the potential challenges of providing recognition in targeted youth work, such as the lack of meaningful opportunities for self-determination and autonomy. This study contributes to research on how recognition theory can be understood and applied in social and youth work services.
Reaffirming the Campus as a Sacred Space: A Japanese Case Study
Authors: Berman Naomi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn light of the considerable transformations in higher education that have had an impact on traditional campus experiences, this paper explores the role of university campuses as sacred spaces for young people. In particular, it examines the significance of the material environment in shaping young peoples’ experiences and social memberships within higher education institutions. Drawing on qualitative research, namely digital walkthrough interviews conducted at a Japanese institution during the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper argues that the physical spaces of a university produce special meaning and unexpected attachments for young people, and thus warrants greater attention as a site for social interaction and exchange. It will be shown that there is a need to look beyond the instrumental and purely pedagogic needs of students and place a greater emphasis on efforts to build more socially supportive campus environments. As universities continue the process of reinventing themselves to better fit the ‘new normal’ in a post-pandemic environment, this paper advocates for more consideration of the everyday needs of young people with regard to meaningful interaction, connection and belonging, and how regarding the campus as a sacred space for practices of placemaking and shared experience offers a pathway to fulfill these needs.