bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of hormonal induced recurrent ulcerative fibrous epulis with osseous metaplasia: A case report
Authors: Bakr Mahmoud , Al‐Ankily Mahmoud , Khzam Nabil 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessageUnderstanding the role of hormones in periodontitis is important. Periodontal microscopic surgery approach in the treatment of fibrous epulis is not indicated. Wider flap access with root planning is indicated to control the lesion in one phase.AbstractWe present a case of a 40‐year‐old female who presented with a gingival hyperplastic lesion around the maxillary left permanent central and lateral incisors. Patient's medical history reveals a recent pregnancy, hypothyroidism, ulcerative colitis, and schizoaffective disorder. All medical conditions were controlled by medications. The lesion was excised using a minimally invasive periodontal surgical technique, and the biopsy results confirmed a diagnosis of ulcerative fibrous epulis with osseous metaplasia. No curettage or local debridement was done under the assumption that the patient's oral hygiene was satisfactory and due to aesthetic concerns of gingival recession and creation of black triangles. The lesion recurred after 3 months and was removed using a traditional more invasive surgical technique. The patient was followed up for 2 years, and there was no further recurrence due to the complete excision of the lesion in the second surgery and the disappearance of the hormonal‐related factors post‐pregnancy that could have contributed to the gingival hyperplasia. The unique component of the case we are presenting is the comparison between two different surgical techniques and the conduction versus absence of local periodontal debridement after surgical excision as well as the possible correlation between oral supplements and the calcific nature of the lesion(s) reported. The case we present demonstrates that a more invasive traditional surgical approach together with local periodontal therapy provide an optimum treatment outcome in conjunction with elimination of any associated etiological factors. We also propose that hormones are more important as an etiological factor in developing fibrous epulis lesions than medical conditions and medications.
Conservative management and follow‐up of bilateral condylar fractures in pediatric patients: A case report
Authors: Nourwali Ibrahim , Aljohani Marwan 
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical MessageConservative treatment of bilateral condylar fractures, including intermaxillary fixation using arch bars and elastic bands, yields satisfactory results in pediatric patients. Therefore, the conservative approach should be considered the first line of treatment for bilateral condylar mandibular fractures in pediatric patients.AbstractRoad traffic accidents (RTAs) are considered the leading cause of mortality and morbidity of children and adults in Saudi Arabia. Head injuries and fractures are the most common form of injuries resulting from RTAs, with mandibular fractures being the most common head injury; condylar fractures are the most frequent type of mandibular fracture. A review of the literature reveals diverse opinions about the best approach for treating bilateral condylar fractures in pediatric patients. The findings of the literature review are reported in this study. The case presented here shows the result of adopting a conservative approach to treating a bilateral extracapsular displaced condylar fracture. An elastic band was fixed onto intermaxillary fixation (IMF) screws at the midline upper and lower jaws; the patient was followed up for almost 3 years. The conservative approach yielded excellent results, as both condyles were fully repositioned and healed, without causing any deviation or limitation of the mouth opening. The results of this case support considering the conservative approach as the first line of treatment for bilateral condylar mandibular fractures in pediatric patients.
Decreased epidermal AXL expression and increased infiltration of AXL‐expressing dendritic cells in psoriasis
Authors: Ito Yukiko , Shibata Sayaka , Koyama Asumi , Li Lixin , Sugimoto Eiki , Taira Haruka , Mizuno Yuka , Awaji Kentaro , Sato Shinichi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic skin inflammatory disease characterized by epidermal proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration. AXL is a tyrosine kinase receptor that promotes cell proliferation and invasion in cancer cells, and its expression is elevated in multiple tumors. However, less is known about its expression and function in inflammatory diseases.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine AXL expression in psoriasis and investigate the biological function of AXL under psoriatic conditions.ResultsAXL mRNA expression was decreased in psoriatic skin compared to healthy skin, and an inverse correlation with neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio was observed. Immunohistochemical staining of psoriatic skin revealed decreased AXL expression of the epidermis and an increased number of AXL‐positive dendritic cells in the dermis. Stimulation of epidermal keratinocytes with antimicrobial peptide LL37, but not with IL‐17A, resulted in decreased AXL expression. Knockdown of AXL in epidermal keratinocytes did not affect cell proliferation or expression of psoriasis‐associated cytokines and chemokines.ConclusionDecreased epidermal AXL expression and increased infiltration of AXL‐expressing dendritic cells were revealed in psoriasis.
Safety and efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in the very elderly (≥80 years old): Insights from the UC San Diego AF Ablation Registry
Authors: Aldaas Omar M. , Darden Douglas , Mylavarapu Praneet S. , Aldaas Amer M. , Han Frederick T. , Hoffmayer Kurt S. , Krummen David , Ho Gordon , Raissi Farshad , Feld Gregory K. , Hsu Jonathan C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation improves outcomes in symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. However, its safety and efficacy in the very elderly (≥80 years old) is not well described.HypothesisAblation of AF in the very elderly is safe and effective.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of all patients who underwent catheter ablation enrolled in the University of California, San Diego AF Ablation Registry. The primary outcome was freedom from atrial arrhythmias on or off antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs).ResultsOf 847 patients, 42 (5.0%) were 80 years of age or greater with a median age of 81.5 (80–82.3) and 805 (95.0%) were less than 80 years of age with a median age of 64.4 (57.6–70.2). Among those who were ≥80 years old, 29 were undergoing de novo ablation (69.0%), whereas in the younger cohort, 518 (64.5%) were undergoing de novo ablation (p = .548). There were no statistically significant differences in fluoroscopy (p = .406) or total procedure times (p = .076), AAD use (p = .611), or procedural complications (p = .500) between groups. After multivariable adjustment, there were no statistically significant differences in recurrence of any atrial arrhythmias on or off AAD (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–1.23; p = .252), all‐cause hospitalizations (AHR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.46–1.60; p = .626), or all‐cause mortality (AHR: 4.48; 95% CI: 0.59–34.07; p = .147) between the very elderly and the younger cohort.ConclusionIn this registry analysis, catheter ablation of AF appears similarly effective and safe in patients 80 years or older when compared to a younger cohort.
Conformation of actin subunits at the barbed and pointed ends of F‐actin with and without capping proteins
Authors: Barrie Kyle R. , Carman Peter J. , Dominguez Roberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdvances in cryo‐electron microscopy have made possible the determination of structures of the barbed and pointed ends of F‐actin, both in the absence and the presence of capping proteins that block subunit exchange. The conformation of the two exposed protomers at the barbed end resembles the “flat” conformation of protomers in the middle of F‐actin. The barbed end changes little upon binding of CapZ, which in turn undergoes a major conformational change. At the pointed end, however, protomers have the “twisted” conformation characteristic of G‐actin, whereas tropomodulin binding forces a flat conformation upon the second subunit. The structures provide a mechanistic understanding for the asymmetric addition/dissociation of actin subunits at the ends of F‐actin and open the way to future studies of other regulators of filament end dynamics.
Break and accelerator—The mechanics of Tau (and amyloid) toxicity
Authors: Cruz Esteban , Nisbet Rebecca M. , Götz Jürgen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAggregates of the microtubule‐associated protein Tau define more than a dozen primary tauopathies, and together with amyloid‐β, the secondary tauopathy Alzheimer's disease (AD). Historically, Tau has been viewed as executor of amyloid‐β toxicity, with the two molecules working together as “trigger and bullet.” Given the two protein's opposing roles in protein translation, we wish to introduce another metaphor, borrowing from the mechanics of a car, with amyloid‐β boosting Tau translation, whereas Tau puts a break on global translation. The underlying studies entail an alternative hypothesis regarding Tau's subcellular accumulation in AD, namely its de novo synthesis in the somatodendritic domain rather than the relocalization from the axon upon dissociation from microtubules. We contest that it may be worth (given Tau's 50th birthday) to revisit some entrenched dogmas about Tau's pathophysiology.
Breast screening participation and degree of spread of invasive breast cancer at diagnosis in mental health service users: A population linkage study
Authors: Sara Grant , Lambeth Chris , Burgess Philip , Curtis Jackie , Walton Richard , Currow David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWomen living with mental health conditions may not have shared in improvements in breast cancer screening and care. No studies have directly examined the link between reduced screening participation and breast cancer spread in women using mental health (MH) services.MethodsPopulation‐wide linkage of a population cancer register, BreastScreen register, and mental health service data set in women aged 50 to 74 years in New South Wales, Australia, from 2008 to 2017. Incident invasive breast cancers were identified. Predictors of degree of spread (local, regional, metastatic) at diagnosis were examined using partial proportional odds regression, adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, rurality, and patterns of screening participation.ResultsA total of 29 966 incident cancers were identified and included 686 (2.4%) in women with MH service before cancer diagnoses. More than half of MH service users had regional or metastatic spread at diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.41‐1.89). MH service users had lower screening participation; however, advanced cancer was more common even when adjusting for screening status (adjusted odds ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.32‐1.77). Advanced cancer was more common in women with severe or persistent MH conditions.ConclusionsLow screening participation rates explain only small part of the risk of more advanced breast cancer in women who use MH services. More study is needed to understand possible mechanisms contributing to more advanced breast cancer in women living with MH conditions. Health systems need strategies to ensure that women living with MH conditions enjoy population gains in breast cancer outcomes.
Continuous winter wheat response to nitrogen fertilizer rate in long‐term reduced tillage semi‐arid variable yield environments
Authors: Obour Augustine K. , Holman Johnathan D. , Assefa Yared 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReduced tillage (RT) increased soil water storage compared with conventional tillage, enabling an associated increase in crop performance. However, information on nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates for RT systems is limited. The objectives of this long‐term study were to determine agronomic and economical optimal N rates for a continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system under RT at different yield environments. This study was conducted at Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center near Hays, KS, from 1971 through 2003. There were six N fertilizer rate treatments (0, 22, 45, 67, 90, and 112 kg N ha−1) arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replications. Over the 33 years, winter wheat yields ranged from a minimum of 370 kg ha−1 to a maximum of 3948 kg ha−1 with mean yield of 2015 kg ha−1 and standard deviation of 669 kg ha−1. Agronomic optimal N rates for wheat varied from 70 in very low yield (VLY) to 79 kg N ha−1 in very high yield (VHY) environment. The economic optimal N rates estimated for continuous wheat ranged from 59 in VLY to 71 kg N ha−1 in VHY environments. However, net profits from fertilizer application ranged from $63 in VLY to $443 ha−1 in VHY environment. We concluded that applying 60–70 kg N ha−1 would optimize dryland continuous RT wheat yields and profitability, but N removal and recovery efficiency (grain N [applied N]−1) are less in lower yielding environments.
Identification and functional characterization of Si4CLL1 controlling the male sterility in the sesame genic male sterile mutant, ms1812
Authors: Guo Qiuyue , Miao Hongmei , Li Chun , Duan Yinghui , Ju Ming , Ma Qin , Wang Huili , Zhang Haiyang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSesame (Sesamum indicum L.), 2n = 2x = 26, is an important oilseed crop with high heterosis potential. In this study, we explored the histological and genetic characters and causal gene of a male sterile sesame mutant, ms1812 (ms3). The microspore abortion of ms1812 that led to male sterility (MS) occurred at the tetrad stage of microspore development. No normal pollens were formed and observed in anther chambers of ms1812 at the microspore mature stage. With the aid of high‐efficient association mapping and the sesame var. Yuzhi 11 reference genome, we identified the single nucleotide polymorphism 10505640 on SiChr.3 segregating with the MS and the mutated gene, Si4cll1, controlling the recessive MS in sesame. Si4CLL1 encodes a 4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase‐like protein. The 1292th nucleotide (T1292) of Si4CLL1 mutated into A1292, resulting in the amino acid change from Ile239 to Lys239. Si4CLL1 is mainly expressed in young developing buds. Compared with the wild type, the transcript abundance of Si4cll1 in the developing buds of ms1812 reduced significantly, which might affect the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and finally, the lignin formation of microspore cell wall. These findings provide key new information for deciphering the molecular mechanism underlying MS and hybrid variety breeding assisted by MS in sesame.
Corporate social responsibility: Formal versus informal firms
Authors: Elgin Ceyhun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, using both cross‐country data including 73 countries, as well as a novel data from a firm level survey covering 1000 firms in Turkey, I investigate the relationship between informality and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using the firm‐level data, I ask whether corporate social responsibility scores (CSR) and its relationship with firm's expected performance and profitability are different for firms mainly operating in the formal and informal sector. Cross‐country data reveals a significant negative correlation between CSR and informal sector size. On the other hand, using the firm‐level data, I find that firms that tend to engage in informal economic activities have significantly lower CSR scores. Moreover, CSR scores and firms' expected performance are generally positively correlated and this correlation is much less (and even not significantly different from zero in some cases) for informal firms. I also find some evidence that the main reason behind these results might be that firms mainly operating in the informal sector are spending significantly less to R&D and advertising as the relationship between these variables and the firm's performance and profitability is less pronounced for these firms.
Resolving tsunami wave dynamics: Integrating sedimentology and numerical modelling
Authors: Hill Jon , Rush Graham , Peakall Jeff , Johnson Michael , Hodson Luke , Barlow Natasha L. M. , Bowman Elisabeth T. , Gehrels W. Roland , Hodgson David M. , Kesserwani Georges 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTsunamis are a major hazard along many of the world's coastlines. To understand the impact of these events, a sufficiently long record of previous events is needed, which can be provided by their sedimentary deposits. A number of past events have left extensive sedimentary deposits that can be used to understand the hydrodynamics of the tsunami. The ca 8.15 ka Storegga submarine slide was a large, tsunamigenic mass movement off the coast of Norway. The resulting tsunami had estimated run‐up heights of around 10 to 20 m on the Norwegian coast, over 30 m in Shetland and 3 to 6 m on the Scottish mainland coast. New cores were taken from the Ythan Valley in North‐East Scotland, where Storegga tsunami deposits have previously been found. High‐resolution sedimentary analyses of the cores, combined with statistical (changepoint) analysis, shows signatures of multiple waves. Moreover, detailed CT scans of the erosional basal surface reveal sole marks called skim marks. Taken in conjunction with the grain size and sedimentary fabric characteristics of the tsunami deposits, this indicates that the flow exhibited a high‐concentration basal component, with an initial semi‐cohesive phase and that deposition was dominantly capacity driven. A multiple wave hypothesis is tested by creating a high‐resolution numerical model (metre‐scale) of the wave inundation, coupled to a previously published regional model. The inundation model confirms that multiple waves passed over the site in agreement with the sedimentological analysis. The sensitivity of the model to the reconstructed palaeocoastal geomorphology is quantitatively explored. It is concluded that local palaeogeomorphological reconstruction is key to understanding the hydrodynamics of a tsunami wave group in relation to its sedimentary deposit. Combining sedimentological data with high‐resolution inundation modelling is a powerful tool to help interpret the sedimentary record of tsunami events and hence to improve knowledge of their risks.
Timing of the initiation and duration of the Cretaceous extensional regime in South‐east China: Constraints from growth strata in terrigenous basins
Authors: Yu Xinqi , Hu Jun , Li Wei , Liu Kun , Hao Ran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere has been no consensus yet regarding the precise initial timing and duration of the late Mesozoic extensional tectonics in the South‐eastern China Block. This work focusses on the growth strata of the Early Cretaceous red beds in the South‐eastern China Block to determine the late Mesozoic tectonics and the precise timing of the initiation and duration of extensional tectonics in this area. Field observation of several terrigenous basins shows that the dip angles of the Cretaceous red beds have varied from moderate to gentle from basin edges to interiors (or centres). The visible and estimated thickness within a single bed increases slightly downwards from the upper to the lower part. These characteristics indicate that the sedimentary area of these beds has undergone an extensional process with expansion and deepening of the sedimentary basins. Rotation of the border surfaces (limbs) and downward warping of the hanging walls or retreat of the footwalls of listric normal faults causes three types of extensional growth (or syntectonic) strata in the deposits of different basins. Dating of the volcanic rocks related to the growth beds reveals that the sedimentary basins were enlarged and deepened when the Early Cretaceous strata were deposited in the South‐eastern China Block from ca 140 to 137 Ma. Regionally, under the influence of Palaeo‐Pacific plate rollback since ca 140 Ma, the South‐eastern China Block stress field has led to lithospheric uplift and pull‐apart structures near the surface, causing the half‐graben basins to receive sedimentation. Although the extensional event was interrupted by a short compressional event during 120 to 105 Ma, with the oceanward retreat of the trench, the area of extension gradually enlarged and rejuvenated south‐eastwards until the end of the Cretaceous. This Cretaceous extension event of the South‐eastern China Block must belong to a worldwide geological event with global significance.
Record of palaeoclimate across theCretaceous–Palaeogeneboundary from palaeosols in the west‐central San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA
Authors: Tanner Lawrence H. , Lucas Spencer G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe mass extinction at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary is widely attributed to sudden and severe climate changes forced by bolide impact and/or flood basalt volcanism. In terrestrial depositional settings, these changes may potentially be recorded by palaeosols. To test the ability of pedogenic features to record both long‐term climate and shorter‐term changes preceding and following the Cretaceous–Palaeogene extinction event, palaeosols in the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Naashoibito Member of the Ojo Alamo Formation and the lower Palaeocene (Danian) Nacimiento Formation in the San Juan Basin of north‐western New Mexico, USA, were examined, including data from previous studies. The fine‐grained facies of the Naashoibito Member comprises grey to greenish‐grey and red‐banded mudstones displaying pedogenic features including colour mottling, root traces, cutans, ped fabrics, pedogenic slickensides and calcareous nodules. Aside from a high‐chroma horizon at the formation base, palaeosols in the lower Nacimiento Formation are broadly similar to those observed in the Naashoibito Member. Lateral and vertical variability of the pedogenic features between correlated sections suggest that soil hydrology varied spatially and temporally from very saturated to seasonally well‐drained, with temporal variations controlled by basin sedimentation rates. Abrupt and/or catastrophic climate events precisely at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary are not recorded due to an unconformity at the top of the Naashoibito Member. However, the presence of kaolinite in the clay mineral assemblage of the Nacimiento Formation, particularly near the formation base, but not in the Naashoibito Member, indicates episodic warmth and short (104 years) intervals of more intense weathering conditions during the very early Danian as compared to the late Maastrichtian. Aside from short warm intervals, the overall palaeoclimate during deposition of both formations was warm and consistently subhumid to humid and seasonal, suggesting no substantial long‐term (105–106) climate change took place across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary in the San Juan Basin.