bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition and responses to intimate partner violence (IPV) in gambler's help services: A qualitative study
Authors: Suomi Aino , O'Dwyer Carol , Sbisa Alyssa , Metcalf Olivia , Couineau Anne‐Laure , O'Donnell Meaghan , Cowlishaw Sean 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAccumulating evidence shows a strong association between gambling problems and reports of intimate partner violence (IPV) but provides limited guidance about how to respond to these issues in specialised gambling services. The aim of this study was thus to improve understanding of the potential role of gambling help providers in identifying and responding to IPV. This was addressed via 20 semistructured interviews with gambling help service staff in Australia (15 female and 5 male). Data were analysed in the context of a social constructivist approach to thematic analysis, which produced four themes: (1) “It's loaded with complexity,” which highlights the clinical complexity of clients who disclosed both gambling problems and IPV; (2) “The hidden nature of gambling and IPV,” describing stigma, shame and secrecy attached to both gambling and IPV; (3) “The big thing is putting it on the radar,” which outlined factors in the service context that either enabled client disclosures of IPV or kept it hidden; and (4) “It's everyone's business,” which described current approaches to interagency collaboration, with reference to factors that either limited or facilitated such responses to addressing IPV.
Cognitive trajectories diverge by genetic risk in a preclinical longitudinal cohort
Authors: Vasiljevic Eva , Koscik Rebecca Langhough , Jonaitis Erin , Betthauser Tobey , Johnson Sterling C. , Engelman Corinne D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe sought to characterize the timing of changes in cognitive trajectories related to genetic risk using the apolipoprotein E (APOE) score, a continuous measure of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We also aimed to determine whether that timing was different when genetic risk was measured using an AD polygenic risk score (PRS) that contains APOE.METHODSWe analyzed trajectories (N ≈1135) for four neuropsychological composite scores using mixed effects regression for longitudinal change across APOE scores and PRS of participants in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention, a longitudinal study of adults aged 40 to 70 at baseline, with a median participant follow‐up time of 7.8 years.RESULTSWe found a significant non‐linear age‐by‐APOE score interaction in predicting cognitive decline. Cognitive trajectories diverged by APOE score at approximately 65 years of age. A 0.5 standard deviation difference in cognition between extreme percentiles of the PRS was predicted to occur 1 to 2 years before that of the APOE score.DISCUSSIONCognitive decline differs across time and APOE score. Estimates did not substantially shift with the AD PRS.Highlights
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) score, a continuous measure, accounts for non‐linear genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Non‐linear age interacts with the APOE score to affect cognition.
Cognitive decline starts to differ by APOE score levels at approximately age 65.
Cognitive decline timing by polygenic risk (including APOE) is similar to APOE alone.
Self‐reported experiences of discrimination and incident dementia
Authors: Bancks Michael P. , Byrd Goldie S. , Caban‐Holt Allison , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Forrester Sarah N. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Heckbert Susan R. , Kershaw Kiarri N. , Rapp Stephen R. , Sachs Bonnie C. , Hughes Timothy M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionDiscrimination negatively impacts health and may contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in dementia risk.MethodsExperiences of lifetime and everyday discrimination were assessed among 6509 Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. We assessed the association of discrimination with incidence of dementia including adjustment for important risk factors, cohort attrition, and we assessed for effect modification by race/ethnicity.ResultsPrevalence of any lifetime discrimination in MESA was 42%, highest among Black adults (72%). Over a median 15.7 years of follow‐up, there were 466 incident cases of dementia. Lifetime discrimination, but not everyday discrimination, was associated with incident dementia (Waldp = 0.03). Individuals reporting lifetime discrimination in ≥2 domains (compared to none) had greater risk for dementia (hazard ratio: 1.40; 95%: 1.08, 1.82) after adjustment for sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors. Associations did not differ by race/ethnicity.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate an association of greater experiences of lifetime discrimination with incident dementia.
APOE ε4 is associated with earlier symptom onset in LOAD but later symptom onset in EOAD
Authors: Polsinelli Angelina J. , Lane Kathleen A. , Manchella Mohit K. , Logan Paige E. , Gao Sujuan , Apostolova Liana G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe studied the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status and sex on age of symptom onset (AO) in early‐ (EO) and late‐ (LO) onset Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodA total of 998 EOAD and 2562 LOAD participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) were included. We used analysis of variance to examine AO differences between sexes and APOE genotypes and the effect of APOE ε4, sex, and their interaction on AO in EOAD and LOAD, separately.ResultsAPOE ε4 carriers in LOAD had younger AO and in EOAD had older AO. Female EOAD APOE ε4 carriers had older AO compared to non‐carriers (P < 0.0001). There was no difference for males. Both male and female LOAD APOE ε4 carriers had younger AO relative to non‐carriers (P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe observed earlier AO in EOAD APOE ε4 non‐carriers relative to carriers, particularly in females, suggests the presence of additional AD risk variants.
Can an Earth‐mass planet exist between Jupiter and Saturn? A numerical experiment
Authors: Dvorak Rudolf , Cuntz Manfred 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMotivated by previous studies about asteroids situated between Jupiter and Saturn, where long‐term stable orbits with small eccentricities and low inclinations have been identified, we extend this research by placing an Earth‐mass planet in the region between Jupiter and Saturn. We pursued numerical integrations of the equations of motions for the outer solar system encompassing Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, as well as the additional Earth‐mass planet. This 6‐body system has been integrated with the Lie method for up to 500 Myr. The default initial stable zone for the Earth‐mass planet has been assumed between 7.04 and 7.31 au based on the results from previous studies by our group. We explored each region separately for 360 Earth‐mass planets (assuming different mean anomalies) and inspected the respective escape times (ETs). The overall picture shows that the most stable orbits occur between 7.12 and 7.28 au. Furthermore, the mean of the ETs for all 360 mean anomalies between 7.24 and 7.12 au gradually decreases from ET = 11 to 0.9 Myr, although smaller values are obtained for the median due to outliers. To check the role of stability of the Earth‐mass planet depending on its initial inclination, we focused on three regions (i.e., 7.23, 7.24, and 7.25 au) in terms of their ETs assuming i = 1°, 3°, and 5°; however, no significant differences were found. Hence, the general possibility of an Earth‐mass planet situated between Jupiter and Saturn in the Solar System's distant past is highly notable, although it would have been a transient event.
Deducing the EOS of dense neutron star matter with machine learning
Authors: Farrell Delaney , Baldi Pierre , Ott Jordan , Ghosh Aishik , Steiner Andrew W. , Kavitkar Atharva , Lindblom Lee , Whiteson Daniel , Weber Fridolin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe interior of a neutron star is a unique astrophysical laboratory for studying matter at extreme densities and pressures beyond what is replicable in terrestrial experiments. While there is no direct way to simulate the interior of these stars, one promising avenue to learning more about the equation of state (EOS) of such matter is through X‐rays emitted from the star's surface. The current state‐of‐the‐art method for inference of EOS from a star's X‐ray spectra uses piece‐wise, simulation‐based likelihoods that rely on theoretical assumptions complicated by systematic uncertainties. To reduce the dimensionality of the problem, this method infers macroscopic properties of the star (mass and radius) from emitted X‐ray spectra, and from those quantities infers the EOS. This work approaches the same problem using machine learning techniques, demonstrating a series of enhancements to the current state‐of‐the‐art by realistic uncertainty quantification and reducing the need for theoretical assumptions. We also demonstrate novel inference of the EOS directly from high‐dimensional simulated X‐ray spectra from neutron stars that negate the need for a piece‐wise approach. This inference allows for a natural propagation of uncertainties from the X‐ray spectra by conditioning the discussed networks on realistic sources of uncertainty for each star.
Spectra of puffy accretion discs: the kynbb fit
Authors: Lančová Debora , Yilmaz Anastasiya , Wielgus Maciek , Dovčiak Michal , Straub Odele , Török Gabriel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPuffy disc is a numerical model, expected to capture the properties of the accretion flow in X‐ray black hole (BH) binaries in the luminous, mildly sub‐Eddington state. We fit the kerrbb and kynbb spectral models in XSPEC to synthetic spectra of puffy accretion discs, obtained in general relativistic radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations, to see if they correctly recover the BH spin and mass accretion rate assumed in the numerical simulation. We conclude that neither of the two models is capable of correctly recovering the puffy disc parameters, which highlights a necessity to develop new, more accurate spectral models for the luminous regime of accretion in X‐ray BH binaries. We propose that such spectral models should be based on the results of numerical simulations of accretion.
Formoptimierung außermittig belasteter Stützen – Theorie und experimentelle Verifizierung
Authors: Schmidt Angela , Scheerer Silke , Curbach Manfred 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBei der Formoptimierung wird die äußere Gestalt eines Bauteils entsprechend dem vorherrschenden Kraftfluss gewählt. Hierdurch lassen sich bei gleichem Materialeinsatz große Laststeigerungen erzielen bzw. bei gleicher Tragfähigkeit hohe Materialeinsparungen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine Formoptimierung für außermittig beanspruchte Stützen vorgestellt, bei denen die Biegebeanspruchung aus einer Rahmenwirkung des Tragsystems resultiert. Dies ist z. B. in Randstützen typischer Stahlbetonskelettbauten der Fall, wie sie üblicherweise bei Wohn‐ und Geschäftshäusern zum Einsatz kommen. Das im Beitrag vorgestellte Formoptimierungsverfahren kann auf Stützen mit einem beliebigen Verhältnis von Momenten‐ zu Normalkraftbeanspruchung angewendet werden, unter Voraussetzung eines eintretenden Materialversagens. Ergebnisse zur Formoptimierung bei einem Stabilitätsversagen wurden für zentrisch gedrückte Stützen bereits gesondert veröffentlicht. Die Optimierung selbst erfolgt iterativ an einer über die Höhe segmentierten Stütze unter dem Kriterium, einen gleichmäßigen Spannungszustand im Bauteil zu erreichen. Mithilfe einer experimentellen Überprüfung an 3,3 m hohen Stützen konnte das gewählte Berechnungs‐ und Optimierungsverfahren verifiziert werden. Neben den Versagenslasten wurden an ausgewählten Punkten zudem die Betondehnungen sowie das Verformungsverhalten analysiert und bewertet.
Deep learning‐based pathology image analysis predicts cancer progression risk in patients with oral leukoplakia
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Gleber‐Netto Frederico O. , Wang Shidan , Martins‐Chaves Roberta Rayra , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Vigneswaran Nadarajah , Sarkar Arunangshu , William William N. , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki , Williams Michelle , Bell Diana , Palsgrove Doreen , Bishop Justin , Heymach John V. , Gillenwater Ann M. , Myers Jeffrey N. , Ferrarotto Renata , Lippman Scott M. , Pickering Curtis Rg , Xiao Guanghua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral leukoplakia (OL) is associated with an increased risk for oral cancer (OC) development. Prediction of OL cancer progression may contribute to decreased OC morbidity and mortality by favoring early intervention. Current OL progression risk assessment approaches face large interobserver variability and is weakly prognostic. We hypothesized that convolutional neural networks (CNN)‐based histology image analyses could accelerate the discovery of better OC progression risk models.MethodsOur CNN‐based oral mucosa risk stratification model (OMRS) was trained to classify a set of nondysplastic oral mucosa (OM) and a set of OC H&E slides. As a result, the OMRS model could identify abnormal morphological features of the oral epithelium. By applying this model to OL slides, we hypothesized that the extent of OC‐like features identified in the OL epithelium would correlate with its progression risk. The OMRS model scored and categorized the OL cohort (n = 62) into high‐ and low‐risk groups.ResultsOL patients classified as high‐risk (n = 31) were 3.98 (95% CI 1.36–11.7) times more likely to develop OC than low‐risk ones (n = 31). Time‐to‐progression significantly differed between high‐ and low‐risk groups (p = 0.003). The 5‐year OC development probability was 21.3% for low‐risk and 52.5% for high‐risk patients. The predictive power of the OMRS model was sustained even after adjustment for age, OL site, and OL dysplasia grading (HR = 4.52, 1.5–13.7).ConclusionThe ORMS model successfully identified OL patients with a high risk of OC development and can potentially benefit OC early diagnosis and prevention policies.
Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of primary intraocular lymphoma: Single‐center real‐world clinical experience
Authors: Min Gi‐June , Kim Tong Yoon , Jeon Young‐Woo , O Joo Hyun , Choi Byung‐Ock , Park Gyeongsin , Park Young‐Hoon , Cho Seok‐Goo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis and management of primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) remain challenging. This study identified factors indicative of PIOL, described treatment outcomes, and determined modalities to prevent relapse.MethodsWe included 21 PIOL‐diagnosed patients, seven via cytology, 12 via genetic evaluation, and two via interleukin (IL) level measurements, who underwent vitrectomy and received local intravitreal methotrexate (IV‐MTX) injection. Clinical outcomes, including treatment response and relapse, were compared between patients receiving IV‐MTX alone (n = 13) or IV‐MTX with systemic high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) as prophylaxis (n = 8).ResultsTwelve ophthalmologic and eight central nervous system (CNS) relapse cases within a median of 20.3 and 11.6 months were shown, regardless of the treatment modalities, with a median progression‐free survival of 21.3 (95% confidence interval, 9.5–36.7) months. There was no difference in demographic characteristics between the two groups, except with the poorer performance status in patients in the HD‐MTX prophylaxis group. Furthermore, patients demonstrated rapid elevations in the vitreous fluid IL‐10/IL‐6 cytokine ratio before ophthalmologic and CNS relapse. Therefore, diagnosis should be based on clinical signs and assisted by vitrectomy, cytologic, molecular, and cytokine studies.ConclusionFor PIOL, aggressive systemic treatment equivalent to that of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is recommended because solely HD‐MTX did not prevent or delay CNS relapse. To prevent PIOL relapse in the CNS efficiently, prospective trials with large numbers of patients and advanced therapeutic regimens are necessary. Furthermore, regular clinical follow‐up is crucial, and the IL‐10/IL‐6 ratio can help evaluate relapse promptly.
Regulating Antifreeze Activity through Water: Latent Functions of the Sugars of Antifreeze Glycoprotein Revealed by Total Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Okamoto Ryo , Orii Ryo , Shibata Hiroyuki , Maki Yuta , Tsuda Sakae , Kajihara Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAntifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP), which inhibits the freezing of water, is highly O‐glycosylated with a disaccharide, d‐Galβ1‐3‐d‐GalNAcα (GalGalNAc). To elucidate the function of the sugar residues for antifreeze activity at the molecular level, we conducted a total chemical synthesis of partially sugar deleted AFGP derivatives, and unnatural forms of AFGPs incorporating glucose (Glc)‐type sugars instead of galactose (Gal)‐type sugars. These elaborated AFGP derivatives demonstrated that the stereochemistry of each sugar residue on AFGPs precisely correlates with the antifreeze activity. A hydrogen–deuterium exchange experiment using synthetic AFGPs revealed a different dynamic behavior of water around sugar residues depending on the sugar structures. These results indicate that sugar residues on AFGP form a unique dynamic water phase that disturbs the absorbance of water molecules onto the ice surface, thereby inhibiting freezing.
Ge32Co9−x: Creating “Empty” Space by High Pressure
Authors: Clark William P. , Carrillo‐Cabrera Wilder , Prots Yurii , Fitch Andy , Krnel Mitja , Schwarz Ulrich , Grin Yuri 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe compound Ge32Co9−x(x=0.54(6),a=10.9861(3) Å, space groupImm) prepared under high pressure and at high temperature is metastable under ambient conditions. It crystallizes in a new structure type, Pearson symbolcI82−1.08. The crystal structure represents a slightly distorted cubic primitive arrangement of germanium atoms with part of the Ge cubes filled by cobalt. Analysis of the chemical bonding by real‐space methods revealed three‐core cluster units Ge16Co3and seemingly empty regions comprising either covalent inter‐polyhedral Ge−Ge bonds or lone‐pairs located at the germanium atoms. The electrical conductivity is metal‐like.
Phylogenetic analyses reveal bat communities in Northwestern Mexico harbor a high diversity of novel cryptic ectoparasite species
Authors: Najera‐Cortazar Laura A. , Keen Alex , Kitching Thomas , Stokes Drew , Goodman Simon J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParasites are integral parts of ecosystem function and important drivers of evolutionary processes. Characterizing ectoparasite diversity is fundamental to studies of host–parasite interactions, evolution, and conservation, and also for understanding emerging disease threats for some vector borne pathogens. With more than 1400 species, bats represent the second most speciose mammalian clade, but their ectoparasite fauna are poorly known for most species. We sequenced mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase C subunit I and nuclear 18S ribosomal gene fragments, and used Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to characterize ectoparasite taxon identity and diversity for 17 species of parasitized bats sampled along the Baja California peninsula and in Northwestern Mexico. The sequence data revealed multiple novel lineages of bat bugs (Cimicidae), flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae), and ticks (Argasidae). Within families, the new linages showed more than 10% sequence divergence, which is consistent with separation at least at the species level. Both families of bat flies showed host specificity, particularly on Myotis species. We also identified new records for the Baja peninsula of one tick (Carios kelleyi), and of five Streblid bat fly species. One Nycteribiid bat fly haplotype from Pallid bat (Antrozous pallidus) hosts was found throughout the peninsula, suggesting potential long distance co‐dispersal with hosts. Different bat bug and tick communities were found in the north and south of the peninsula. This study is the first systematic survey of bat ectoparasites in the Baja California peninsula, revealing novel lineages that are highly genetically differentiated from other parts of North America. For some ectoparasite species, haplotype distributions may reflect patterns of bat migration. This work is a first step in characterizing ectoparasite diversity over the Baja California peninsula, and understanding how ecological and evolutionary interactions shape bat ectoparasite communities among host species in different parts of their ranges.
Diet composition of omnivorous Mesopotamian spiny‐tailed lizards (Saara loricata) in arid human‐altered landscapes of Southwest Iran
Authors: Qashqaei Ali T. , Ghaedi Zeinab , Coogan Sean C. P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Mesopotamian spiny‐tailed lizard, Saara loricata, is one of the largest lizard species in the Middle East. Here, we report on the diet of the lizard and their potential role in seed dispersal in Southwestern Iran. We analyzed lizard fecal pellet groups (n = 124) for their food item composition and seed content. We calculated the relative frequency of occurrence (FO%), relative volume (V%), and importance value (IV%) for each food item. Moreover, the number of seeds of each plant food item was counted. Our findings reveal the first solid evidence of omnivorous behavior in the lizard. In total, 16 plant food items and 14 animal food items were identified. Herbaceous plants (IV = 110.2%) and invertebrates (4.8%) were the most important food groups. The plant food items with the highest FO% were Poaceae (56.4%), Centaurea sp. (43.5%), and Medicago polymorpha (27.4%); and the V% for these items were 53.6%, 30.9%, and 13.1%, respectively. Most of the seeds that were consumed by lizards were from Poaceae (547 seeds; 47.81%) and Fabaceae (285 seeds; 24.91%). We also found that each individual lizard could play an equal role in the seed dispersal of all plant families identified. Previous studies show that plant species density and richness are important features for the burrow site selection of Mesopotamian spiny‐tailed lizard. This study highlights the potential role of lizards in influencing the vegetation communities around their burrows through seed dispersal.
Genetic characteristics influence the phenotype of marine macroalga Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Preston Roxana , Rodil Iván F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntraspecific variation is an important component of heterogeneity in biological systems that can manifest at the genotypic and phenotypic level. This study investigates the influence of genetic characteristics on the phenotype of free‐living Fucus vesiculosus using traditional morphological measures and microsatellite genotyping. Two sympatric morphotypes were observed to be significantly genetically and morphologically differentiated despite experiencing analogous local environmental conditions; indicating a genetic element to F. vesiculosus morphology. Additionally, the observed intraclonal variation established divergent morphology within some genets. This demonstrated that clonal lineages have the ability to alter morphological traits by either a plastic response or somatic mutations. We provide support for the potential occurrence of the Gigas effect (cellular/organ enlargement through genome duplication) in the Fucus genus, with polyploidization appearing to correlate with a general increase in the size of morphological features. Phenotypic traits, as designated by morphology within the study, of F. vesiculosus are partially controlled by the genetic characteristics of the thalli. This study suggests that largely asexually reproducing algal populations may have the potential to adapt to changing environmental conditions through genome changes or phenotypic plasticity.