bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview on the treatments and prevention against COVID-19
Authors: Panahi Yunes , Gorabi Armita Mahdavi , Talaei Sona , Beiraghdar Fatemeh , Akbarzadeh Abolfazl , Tarhriz Vahideh , Mellatyar Hassan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to plague the world. While COVID-19 is asymptomatic in most individuals, it can cause symptoms like pneumonia, ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), and death in others. Although humans are currently being vaccinated with several COVID-19 candidate vaccines in many countries, however, the world still is relying on hygiene measures, social distancing, and approved drugs.

Result
There are many potential therapeutic agents to pharmacologically fight COVID-19: antiviral molecules, recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, corticosteroids, interferon therapies, and herbal agents. By an understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 structure and its infection mechanisms, several vaccine candidates are under development and some are currently in various phases of clinical trials.

Conclusion
This review describes potential therapeutic agents, including antiviral agents, biologic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and herbal agents in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In addition to reviewing the vaccine candidates that entered phases 4, 3, and 2/3 clinical trials, this review also discusses the various platforms that are used to develop the vaccine COVID-19.
Parents’ understanding and attitudes toward the use of the WeChat platform for postoperative follow-up management of children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Lin Wen-Hao , Chen Yu-Kun , Lin Shi-Hao , Cao Hua , Chen Qiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to investigate parents’ understanding and attitudes toward using the WeChat platform for postoperative follow-up management of children with congenital heart disease (CHD).

Methods
A total of 196 children with CHD were followed up using the WeChat platform. A self-designed questionnaire was administered to their parents at discharge.

Results
Only 188 parents completed the questionnaire. One hundred nineteen parents (63.3%) confirmed that they heard about using the WeChat platform for postoperative follow-up, and 104 (87.4%) of them expressed that they were willing to accept the WeChat platform for their follow-up. A total of 42 parents (35.3%) were willing to undergo a follow-up of 1 to 3 months, and 32 (26.8%) were willing to undergo a long-term follow-up. Eighty parents (67.2%) had a positive attitude toward the effect of the WeChat platform on follow-up. Parents in rural areas and those educated at the middle school level or below were more willing to engage with the WeChat platform for postoperative follow-up management (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Although the WeChat platform is an essential tool for daily communication, its application in postoperative follow-up management is still under study. Most parents who participated in the follow-up study had a positive attitude toward the WeChat platform, especially those in rural areas and with lower education levels.
Exploiting RIG-I-like receptor pathway for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Jiang Yangfu , Zhang Hongying , Wang Jiao , Chen Jinzhu , Guo Zeyu , Liu Yongliang , Hua Hui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors that detect viral or bacterial infection and induce host innate immune responses. The RLRs family comprises retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I), melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) that have distinctive features. These receptors not only recognize RNA intermediates from viruses and bacteria, but also interact with endogenous RNA such as the mislocalized mitochondrial RNA, the aberrantly reactivated repetitive or transposable elements in the human genome. Evasion of RLRs-mediated immune response may lead to sustained infection, defective host immunity and carcinogenesis. Therapeutic targeting RLRs may not only provoke anti-infection effects, but also induce anticancer immunity or sensitize “immune-cold” tumors to immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RLRs signaling and discuss the rationale for therapeutic targeting RLRs in cancer. We describe how RLRs can be activated by synthetic RNA, oncolytic viruses, viral mimicry and radio-chemotherapy, and how the RNA agonists of RLRs can be systemically delivered in vivo. The integration of RLRs agonism with RNA interference or CAR-T cells provides new dimensions that complement cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we update the progress of recent clinical trials for cancer therapy involving RLRs activation and immune modulation. Further studies of the mechanisms underlying RLRs signaling will shed new light on the development of cancer therapeutics. Manipulation of RLRs signaling represents an opportunity for clinically relevant cancer therapy. Addressing the challenges in this field will help develop future generations of cancer immunotherapy.
Evaluation and comparison of different breast cancer prognosis scores based on gene expression data
Authors: Chowdhury Avirup , Pharoah Paul D. , Rueda Oscar M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is one of the three most common cancers worldwide and is the most common malignancy in women. Treatment approaches for breast cancer are diverse and varied. Clinicians must balance risks and benefits when deciding treatments, and models have been developed to support this decision-making. Genomic risk scores (GRSs) may offer greater clinical value than standard clinicopathological models, but there is limited evidence as to whether these models perform better than the current clinical standard of care.

Methods
PREDICT and GRSs were adapted using data from the original papers. Univariable Cox proportional hazards models were produced with breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) as the outcome. Independent predictors of BCSS were used to build multivariable models with PREDICT. Signatures which provided independent prognostic information in multivariable models were incorporated into the PREDICT algorithm and assessed for calibration, discrimination and reclassification.

Results
EndoPredict, MammaPrint and Prosigna demonstrated prognostic power independent of PREDICT in multivariable models for ER-positive patients; no score predicted BCSS in ER-negative patients. Incorporating these models into PREDICT had only a modest impact upon calibration (with absolute improvements of 0.2–0.8%), discrimination (with no statistically significant c-index improvements) and reclassification (with 4–10% of patients being reclassified).

Conclusion
Addition of GRSs to PREDICT had limited impact on model fit or treatment received. This analysis does not support widespread adoption of current GRSs based on our implementations of commercial products.
Identification of candidate genes and pathways associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis by integrative transcriptome-wide association studies and mRNA expression profiles
Authors: Feng Ruoyang , Lu Mengnan , Yin Chunyan , Xu Ke , Liu Lin , Xu Peng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aim
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, with genetic susceptibility and pathological processes such as autoimmunity and autoinflammation, but its pathogenesis is unclear. We conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) using expression interpolation from a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset to identify genes, biological pathways, and environmental chemicals associated with JIA.

Methods
We obtained published GWAS data on JIA for TWAS and used mRNA expression profiling to validate the genes identified by TWAS. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was generated, and central genes were obtained using Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). Finally, chemical gene expression datasets were obtained from the Comparative Toxicogenomics database for chemical genome enrichment analysis.

Results
TWAS identified 1481 genes associated with JIA, and 154 differentially expressed genes were identified based on mRNA expression profiles. After comparing the results of TWAS and mRNA expression profiles, we obtained eight overlapping genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of the genes identified by TWAS yielded 163 pathways, and PPI network analysis as well as MCODE resolution identified a total of eight clusters. Through chemical gene set enrichment analysis, 287 environmental chemicals associated with JIA were identified.

Conclusion
By integrating TWAS and mRNA expression profiles, genes, biological pathways, and environmental chemicals associated with JIA were identified. Our findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of JIA, including candidate genetic and environmental factors contributing to its onset and progression.
Assessment of residual gastric volume using point-of-care ultrasonography in adult patients who underwent elective surgery
Authors: Chaitra T.S. , Palta Sanjeev , Saroa Richa , Jindal Swati , Jain Aditi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Aspiration pneumonitis remains a dreaded complication that may lead to almost 9% of anaesthesia-related deaths. The presence of gastric contents has always been a contributing factor to an increased risk of aspiration. Preoperative gastric ultrasound has been suggested as a modality for determining residual volume in special populations and conditions. We conducted an observational study to determine the gastric residual volume in preoperative patients of elective surgery with gastric ultrasound and to study its correlation with patient factors.

Methods
We enrolled 411 patients in the age group of 18–80 with ASA-PS I and II having BMI less than 35 kg/m2. Patients with prior gastrointestinal surgery and parturients were excluded from the present study. Gastric antrum in both supine and right lateral decubitus positions was measured using USG in the immediate preoperative period, and gastric residual volume was calculated, which was subsequently correlated with various patient factors.

Results
On qualitative assessment, 97 and 118 patients were observed to have distended stomachs in the supine and right lateral decubitus positions, respectively. On quantitative assessment, 336 had safe GRV, 60 patients were classified as having a low risk of aspiration (GRV < 1.5 ml/kg) while 13 had a high risk of aspiration (> 1.5 ml/kg). Eight patients with a fasting duration of more than ten hours and five who fasted between 6 and 10 h had a gastric residual volume of more than 1.5 ml/h. Patients who were premedicated with histamine blockers had a statistically significant higher antral cross-sectional area (p-value − 0.022*) and GRV (p-value − 0.018*) in the right lateral decubitus position compared to patients who had taken proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). As BMI increased, there was a statistically significant (p-value < 0.001) increase in mean antral CSA in both supine and right lateral decubitus positions. There was a statistically significant association found between type 2 diabetes (p-value 0.045*) with antral grade.

Discussion
Patients can have significant residual volume (> 1.5 ml/kg) despite adequate fasting, and preoperative gastric ultrasound can help in assessing the same and guiding perioperative airway management. PPIs are more effective in reducing gastric residual volume as compared to histamine blockers. Patients with a BMI of more than 30 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have significant correlation with increased gastric residual volume mandating preoperative gastric ultrasound assessment for effective management.

Conclusions
Patients with BMI over 30 and type 2 diabetes may benefit from POCGUS to guide perioperative airway management by stratifying GRV.
Trial registration Name of registry-Clinical Trial Registry of India. Trial registration number-2020/03/024083. Date of registration-19.3.2020. URL-http://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=39961&EncHid=&userName=
Sex-divergent effects on the NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin signaling across the olfactory–entorhinal–amygdaloid axis in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases
Authors: Cartas-Cejudo Paz , Lachén-Montes Mercedes , Ferrer Isidro , Fernández-Irigoyen Joaquín , Santamaría Enrique 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Smell impairment is one of the earliest features in Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD). Due to sex differences exist in terms of smell and olfactory structures as well as in the prevalence and manifestation of both neurological syndromes, we have applied olfactory proteomics to favor the discovery of novel sex-biased physio-pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets associated with olfactory dysfunction.

Methods
SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry) and bioinformatic workflows were applied in 57 post-mortem olfactory tracts (OT) derived from controls with no known neurological history (n = 6F/11M), AD (n = 4F/13M) and PD (n = 7F/16M) subjects. Complementary molecular analyses by Western-blotting were performed in the olfactory bulb (OB), entorhinal cortex (EC) and amygdala areas.

Results
327 and 151 OT differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were observed in AD women and AD men, respectively (35 DEPs in common). With respect to PD, 198 DEPs were identified in PD women, whereas 95 DEPs were detected in PD men (20 DEPs in common). This proteome dyshomeostasis induced a disruption in OT protein interaction networks and widespread sex-dependent pathway perturbations in a disease-specific manner, among them Sirtuin (SIRT) signaling. SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT5 protein levels unveiled a tangled expression profile across the olfactory–entorhinal–amygdaloid axis, evidencing disease-, sex- and brain structure-dependent changes in olfactory protein acetylation.

Conclusions
Alteration in the OT proteostasis was more severe in AD than in PD. Moreover, protein expression changes were more abundant in women than men independent of the neurological syndrome. Mechanistically, the tangled SIRT profile observed across the olfactory pathway-associated brain regions in AD and PD indicates differential NAD (+)-dependent deacetylase mechanisms between women and men. All these data shed new light on differential olfactory mechanisms across AD and PD, pointing out that the evaluation of the feasibility of emerging sirtuin-based therapies against neurodegenerative diseases should be considered with caution, including further sex dimension analyses in vivo and in clinical studies.
Metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: regulatory networks and therapy
Authors: Zhang Jieping , Zou Shaomin , Fang Lekun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith high prevalence and mortality, together with metabolic reprogramming, colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Metabolic reprogramming gives tumors the capacity for long-term cell proliferation, making it a distinguishing feature of cancer. Energy and intermediate metabolites produced by metabolic reprogramming fuel the rapid growth of cancer cells. Aberrant metabolic enzyme-mediated tumor metabolism is regulated at multiple levels. Notably, tumor metabolism is affected by nutrient levels, cell interactions, and transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Understanding the crosstalk between metabolic enzymes and colorectal carcinogenesis factors is particularly important to advance research for targeted cancer therapy strategies via the investigation into the aberrant regulation of metabolic pathways. Hence, the abnormal roles and regulation of metabolic enzymes in recent years are reviewed in this paper, which provides an overview of targeted inhibitors for targeting metabolic enzymes in colorectal cancer that have been identified through tumor research or clinical trials.
Snapshot depth–spectral imaging based on image mapping and light field
Authors: Ding Xiaoming , Hu Liang , Zhou Shubo , Wang Xiaocheng , Li Yupeng , Han Tingting , Lu Dunqiang , Che Guowei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDepth–spectral imaging (DSI) is an emerging technology which can obtain and reconstruct the spatial, spectral and depth information of a scene simultaneously. Conventionally, DSI system usually relies on scanning process, multi-sensors or compressed sensing framework to modulate and acquire the entire information. This paper proposes a novel snapshot DSI architecture based on image mapping and light field framework by using a single format detector. Specifically, we acquire the depth – spectral information in two steps. Firstly, an image mapper is utilized to slice and reflect the first image to different directions which is a spatial modulation processing. The modulated light wave is then dispersed by a direct vision prism. After re-collection, the sliced dispersed light wave is recorded by a light field sensor. Complimentary, we also propose a reconstruction strategy to recover the spatial depth – spectral hypercube effectively. We establish a mathematical model to describe the light wave distribution on every optical facet. Through simulations, we generate the aliasing raw spectral light field data. Under the reconstruction strategy, we design an algorithm to recover the hypercube accurately. Also, we make an analysis about the spatial and spectral resolution of the reconstructed data, the evaluation results conform the expectation.
Altered glycosylation profiles of serum IgG in Takayasu arteritis
Authors: Liu Lingyu , Li Jing , Yang Yunjiao , Hu Chaojun , Tian Xinping 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder with an undefined etiology. This study aimed to characterize the glycosylation profiles of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) in patients with TAK.

Methods
Lectin microarrays containing 56 types of lectins were used to detect the glycan levels of serum IgG in 164 patients with TAK, 128 patients with atherosclerosis used as disease controls (DCs), and 100 healthy controls (HCs). Differentially altered glycosylation patterns between TAK and control groups as well as between TAK subgroups were identified and further validated by lectin blot. The classification performance of the TAK-specific glycosylation change was measured by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results
Lectin microarray analysis revealed significantly increased N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) levels in the TAK group compared to the DC and HC groups (all p < 0.01). For TAK subgroups, significantly decreased mannosylation was observed in patients with active TAK compared to patients with inactive disease (p < 0.01). These differences were validated by lectin blot. In addition, GalNAc levels exhibited a considerable potential for discriminating patients with TAK from patients with atherosclerosis, with an area under the curve of 0.749 (p < 0.001), a sensitivity of 71.7%, and a specificity of 73.8%.

Conclusions
Serum IgG in patients with TAK displayed disease-specific glycosylation alterations. Aberrant GalNAc glycosylation showed substantial value as a diagnostic biomarker. The potential proinflammatory properties of the abnormal glycans may provide new insights into the role of humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of TAK.
Guiding officers to deflect citizens to treatment: an examination of police department policies in Illinois
Authors: Reichert Jessica , Adams Sharyn , Taylor Jirka , del Pozo Brandon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The U.S. overdose crisis has motivated police departments to enact policies allowing officers to directly deflect individuals to substance use disorder treatment and other services shown to reduce recidivism and subsequent overdose risk, as well as refer people who voluntarily present at police facilities with a desire for treatment. As a new way of operating, and one that relies on an officer’s use of discretion for successful implementation, the practice benefits from guidance through written directives, training, and supervisory support. However, there is little information on the establishment, content, and execution of police department deflection policies, which hampers the implementation and dissemination of this promising practice.
We analyzed 16 policies of Illinois police department deflection programs. Using content analysis methodology, we coded the policies for language and terminology, as well as program components and procedures. We aimed to examine how the policies were written, as well as the content intending to guide officers in their work.

Results
We found the policies and programs had notable differences in length, detail, terminology, and reading level. Only one policy mentioned the use of any type of addiction treatment medication, many used stigmatizing language (e.g., “abuse” and “addict”), and few mentioned “harm reduction” or training in the practice of deflection. Many policies restricted participation in deflection (i.e., no minors, outstanding warrants, current withdrawal symptoms), and critically, a majority of policies allowed police officers to exclude people from participation based on their own judgment.

Conclusions
We recommend police departments consider the readability of their policies and reduce barriers to deflection program participation to engage a larger pool of citizens in need of substance use disorder treatment. Since there is limited research on police policies generally, and the field of deflection is relatively new, this study offers insight into the content of different department policies and more specifically, how officers are directed to operate deflection programs.
Probing into the influence of EFL learners’ self-assessment and evaluation apprehension in predicting their personal best goals and self-efficacy skills: a structural equation modeling
Authors: Ismail Sayed M. , Heydarnejad Tahereh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffective instruction and assessment are greatly affected by many factors. The ever-growing literature on assessment outlined some cognitive, social, and emotional factors that directly or indirectly influence the learners’ academic achievement. In spite of the rosy literature on assessment, the possible interplay among the Core of Self-assessment (CSA), the Student Evaluation Apprehension (SEA), the Personal Best Goal (PBG), and Self-efficacy (SE) were untouched. To this end, this study intended to propose a model to disclose the association between CSA, SEA, PBG, and SE in higher education. Therefore, the Core of Self-assessment Questionnaire (CSAQ), the Student Evaluation Apprehension Scale (SEAS), the Personal Best Goal Scale (PBGS), and the Self-efficacy Scale (SES) were administered to 467 Iranian EFL university students at MA level. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) indicated that CSA and SEA can contribute to PBG and SE. It means that learners’ investment in CSA and positive SEA can flourish and upgrade goal-settings and sense of efficacy beliefs among EFL university students. The implications and suggestions for future avenues are also discussed.