bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and environmental determinants influencing injection drug use and HIV risk among two sister cities on the US–Mexico border: a comparative cross-sectional study, 2016–2018
Authors: Lechuga Julia , Ramos Rebeca , Ludwig-Barron Natasha , Perez Gilberto , Ramos Maria Elena , Ferreira-Pinto João B. , Cordero Jacquelin I. , Sauceda John , Salazar Jorge 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe economic, social, cultural and political milieus that influence injection drug-related HIV risk behaviors along the US–Mexico border in the previous decade have been studied comparing cities on an East–West axis. In an effort to inform interventions targeting factors beyond the individual level, we used a cross-sectional study design comparing people who inject drugs during 2016–2018, living on a North–South axis, in two cities—Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico and El Paso, Texas, USA—situated at the midpoint of the 2000 US–Mexico borderland stretch. We conceptualize injection drug use and its antecedents and consequences as influenced by factors operating at various levels of influence. Results of analysis comparing samples recruited from each border city indicated significant differences in demographic, socioeconomic, micro- and macro-level factors that affect risk. Similarities emerged in individual-level risk behaviors and some dynamics of risk at the drug use site most frequented to use drugs. In addition, analyses testing associations across samples indicated that different contextual factors such as characteristics of the drug use sites influenced syringe sharing. In this article, we reflect on the potential tailored interventions needed to target the context of HIV transmission risk among people who use drugs and reside in binational environment.
Time interval between hCG administration and oocyte retrieval and ART outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gan Runxin , Huang Xi , Zhao Jing , Zhang Qiong , Huang Chuan , Li Yanping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Research question
To explore whether prolonged hCG-ovum pickup interval improves assisted reproductive technology outcomes.

Design
CENTRAL, CNKI, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PUBMED, and Web of Science up to May 13 2023 were searched for studies reporting associations between hCG-ovum pickup intervals and assisted reproductive technology outcomes. Intervention types included short (≤ 36 h) and long (> 36 h) hCG-ovum pickup intervals in assisted reproductive technology cycles. All outcomes were based upon only fresh embryo transfers. Primary outcome is defined as the clinical pregnancy rate. Data were pooled using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistics.

Results
Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis, including five retrospective cohort studies, one prospective cohort study, and six randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials. The short and long interval groups had similar oocyte maturation rates, fertilization rate and high-quality embryo rate (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.45–1.06; I 2 = 91.1%, OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77–1.0; I 2 = 44.4% and OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.95–1.17; I 2 = 8.6%, respectively). The clinical pregnancy rates in the long retrieval group were significantly higher than in the short retrieval group (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45–0.95; I 2 = 35.4%). The groups had similar miscarriage and live birth rates (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.66–5.60; I 2 = 0.0% and OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.24–1.04; I 2 = 0.0%, respectively).

Conclusions
The clinical pregnancy rates can be increased by prolonging the hCG-ovum pickup interval, which would help us develop more reasonable time schedules for fertility centers and patients.

Meta-analysis registration
PROSPERO CRD42022310006 (28 Apr 2022).
Predictors of pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Bahk Jeeyune , Rehman Abdul , Ho Kam Sing , Narasimhan Bharat , Baloch Hafiza Noor Ul Ain , Zhang Jiafang , Yip Rowena , Lookstein Robert , Steiger David J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
High venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates have been described in critically ill patients with COVID-19. We hypothesized that specific clinical characteristics may help differentiate hypoxic COVID-19 patients with and without a diagnosed pulmonary embolism (PE).

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational case-control study of 158 consecutive patients hospitalized in one of four Mount Sinai Hospitals with COVID-19 between March 1 and May 8, 2020, who received a Chest CT Pulmonary Angiogram (CTA) to diagnose a PE. We analyzed demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, treatment characteristics, and outcomes in COVID-19 patients with and without PE.

Results
92 patients were negative (CTA-), and 66 patients were positive for PE (CTA+). CTA + had a longer time from symptom onset to admission (7 days vs. 4 days, p = 0.05), higher admission biomarkers, notably D-dimer (6.87 vs. 1.59, p < 0.0001), troponin (0.015 vs. 0.01, p = 0.01), and peak D-dimer (9.26 vs. 3.8, p = 0.0008). Predictors of PE included time from symptom onset to admission (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.20, p = 0.008), and PESI score at the time of CTA (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.04, p = 0.008). Predictors of mortality included age (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.22, p = 0.006), chronic anticoagulation (13.81, 95% CI 1.24–154, p = 0.03), and admission ferritin (1.001, 95% CI 1-1.001, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
In 158 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure evaluated for suspected PE, 40.8% patients had a positive CTA. We identified clinical predictors of PE and mortality from PE, which may help with early identification and reduction of PE-related mortality in patients with COVID-19.
Artificial intelligence for the prevention and prediction of colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Tokutake Kohjiro , Morelos-Gomez Aaron , Hoshi Ken-ichi , Katouda Michio , Tejima Syogo , Endo Morinobu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Colonoscopy is a useful as a cancer screening test. However, in countries with limited medical resources, there are restrictions on the widespread use of endoscopy. Non-invasive screening methods to determine whether a patient requires a colonoscopy are thus desired. Here, we investigated whether artificial intelligence (AI) can predict colorectal neoplasia.

Methods
We used data from physical exams and blood analyses to determine the incidence of colorectal polyp. However, these features exhibit highly overlapping classes. The use of a kernel density estimator (KDE)-based transformation improved the separability of both classes.

Results
Along with an adequate polyp size threshold, the optimal machine learning (ML) models’ performance provided 0.37 and 0.39 Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) for the datasets of men and women, respectively. The models exhibit a higher discrimination than fecal occult blood test with 0.047 and 0.074 MCC for men and women, respectively.

Conclusion
The ML model can be chosen according to the desired polyp size discrimination threshold, may suggest further colorectal screening, and possible adenoma size. The KDE feature transformation could serve to score each biomarker and background factors (health lifestyles) to suggest measures to be taken against colorectal adenoma growth. All the information that the AI model provides can lower the workload for healthcare providers and be implemented in health care systems with scarce resources. Furthermore, risk stratification may help us to optimize the efficiency of resources for screening colonoscopy.
Childhood-Onset ANCA- Associated Vasculitis: single center experience from Central California
Authors: Singh Deepika , Sukumaran Sukesh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Childhood-onset ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) are characterized by necrotizing inflammation and include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Pediatric data is scare and there have been no prior studies examining the characteristics of pediatric AAV in Central California.

Methods
This retrospective study comprised AAV patients ≤18 years of age, diagnosed between 2010 and 2021, in Central California. We analyzed initial presentation including demographics, clinical, laboratory characteristics, treatment, and initial outcomes.

Results
Of 21 patients with AAV, 12 were categorized as MPA and 9 with GPA. Median age at diagnosis was 13.7 years in MPA cohort and 14 years in GPA. MPA cohort were majority females (92% versus 44%). 57% of the cohort were racial/ethnic minority including Hispanics (n = 9), Asians (n = 2), multiracial (n = 1) and 43% were white (n = 9). MPA patients were more frequently Hispanic (67%), meanwhile GPA patients were frequently white (78%). Median duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 14 days in MPA cohort and 21 days in GPA cohort. Renal involvement was frequent (100% in MPA and 78% in GPA). GPA cohort had frequent ear, nose and throat (ENT) involvement (89%). All patients were ANCA positive. All Hispanic patients were MPO positive, meanwhile 89% of white patients were PR3 positive. MPA cohort tended towards more severe disease with 67% requiring ICU admission and 50% requiring dialysis. Two deaths were reported in MPA cohort, related to Aspergillus pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage. In MPA cohort, 42% received cyclophosphamide in combination with steroids and 42% received rituximab in combination with steroids. GPA patients received cyclophosphamide, either with steroids alone (78%) or in combination with steroids and rituximab (22%).

Conclusions
Microscopic polyangiitis was the most frequent AAV subtype with female preponderance, shorter duration of symptoms at onset and higher proportion of racial/ ethnic minority patients. Hispanic children demonstrated frequent MPO positivity. Trends towards higher rates of ICU requirement and need for dialysis upon initial presentation was noted in MPA. Patients with MPA received rituximab more frequently. Future prospective studies are needed to understand differences in presentation and outcomes in childhood onset AAV between diverse racial-ethnic groups.
Diesel Exhaust Particle (DEP)-induced glucose intolerance is driven by an intestinal innate immune response and NLRP3 activation in mice
Authors: Bosch Angela J. T. , Rohm Theresa V. , AlAsfoor Shefaa , Low Andy J. Y. , Baumann Zora , Parayil Neena , Noreen Faiza , Roux Julien , Meier Daniel T. , Cavelti-Weder Claudia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
We previously found that air pollution particles reaching the gastrointestinal tract elicit gut inflammation as shown by up-regulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and monocyte/macrophage markers. This inflammatory response was associated with beta-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance. So far, it remains unclear whether gut inflammatory changes upon oral air pollution exposure are causally linked to the development of diabetes. Hence, our aim was to assess the role of immune cells in mediating glucose intolerance instigated by orally administered air pollutants.

Methods
To assess immune-mediated mechanisms underlying air pollution-induced glucose intolerance, we administered diesel exhaust particles (DEP; NIST 1650b, 12 µg five days/week) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via gavage for up to 10 months to wild-type mice and mice with genetic or pharmacological depletion of innate or adaptive immune cells. We performed unbiased RNA-sequencing of intestinal macrophages to elucidate signaling pathways that could be pharmacologically targeted and applied an in vitro approach to confirm these pathways.

Results
Oral exposure to air pollution particles induced an interferon and inflammatory signature in colon macrophages together with a decrease of CCR2− anti-inflammatory/resident macrophages. Depletion of macrophages, NLRP3 or IL-1β protected mice from air pollution-induced glucose intolerance. On the contrary, Rag2-/- mice lacking adaptive immune cells developed pronounced gut inflammation and glucose intolerance upon oral DEP exposure.

Conclusion
In mice, oral exposure to air pollution particles triggers an immune-mediated response in intestinal macrophages that contributes to the development of a diabetes-like phenotype. These findings point towards new pharmacologic targets in diabetes instigated by air pollution particles.
Overview of patients’ cohorts in the French National rare disease registry
Authors: Pichon Thibaut , Messiaen Claude , Soussand Louis , Angin Céline , Sandrin Arnaud , Elarouci Nabila , Jannot Anne-Sophie ,   on behalf of the BNDMR infrastructure team
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn France, all patients followed by Rare Disease (RD) expert centers have to be registered in the National Rare Disease Registry (BNDMR). This database collects a minimum data set including diagnosis coded using the Orphanet nomenclature. Overall, 753,660 patients were recorded from 2007 to March 2022 including 493,740 with at least one rare disease diagnosis. Among these rare disease diagnoses, 1,300 diagnoses gathered between 10 and 70 patients and 792 gathered more than 70 patients, corresponding to more than one patient per million inhabitants. A total of 47 rare disease diagnoses with point prevalence or incidence reported in the literature below 1/1,000,000 have more than 70 patients in the BNDMR, suggesting larger BNDMR cohorts than expected from reported literature. As a conclusion, our national RD registry is a great resource to facilitate patients’ recruitment in clinical research and a better understanding of RD natural history and epidemiology.
Extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in acute and chronic excitotoxicity: implications for preventive treatments of ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yu Shan P. , Jiang Michael Q. , Shim Seong S. , Pourkhodadad Soheila , Wei Ling 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStroke and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are risk factors for each other; the comorbidity of these brain disorders in aging individuals represents a significant challenge in basic research and clinical practice. The similarities and differences between stroke and AD in terms of pathogenesis and pathophysiology, however, have rarely been comparably reviewed. Here, we discuss the research background and recent progresses that are important and informative for the comorbidity of stroke and late-onset AD and related dementia (ADRD). Glutamatergic NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activity and NMDAR-mediated Ca2+influx are essential for neuronal function and cell survival. An ischemic insult, however, can cause rapid increases in glutamate concentration and excessive activation of NMDARs, leading to swift Ca2+overload in neuronal cells and acute excitotoxicity within hours and days. On the other hand, mild upregulation of NMDAR activity, commonly seen in AD animal models and patients, is not immediately cytotoxic. Sustained NMDAR hyperactivity and Ca2+dysregulation lasting from months to years, nevertheless, can be pathogenic for slowly evolving events, i.e. degenerative excitotoxicity, in the development of AD/ADRD. Specifically, Ca2+influx mediated by extrasynaptic NMDARs (eNMDARs) and a downstream pathway mediated by transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member (TRPM) are primarily responsible for excitotoxicity. On the other hand, the NMDAR subunit GluN3A plays a “gatekeeper” role in NMDAR activity and a neuroprotective role against both acute and chronic excitotoxicity. Thus, ischemic stroke and AD share an NMDAR- and Ca2+-mediated pathogenic mechanism that provides a common receptor target for preventive and possibly disease-modifying therapies. Memantine (MEM) preferentially blocks eNMDARs and was approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for symptomatic treatment of moderate-to-severe AD with variable efficacy. According to the pathogenic role of eNMDARs, it is conceivable that MEM and other eNMDAR antagonists should be administered much earlier, preferably during the presymptomatic phases of AD/ADRD. This anti-AD treatment could simultaneously serve as a preconditioning strategy against stroke that attacks ≥ 50% of AD patients. Future research on the regulation of NMDARs, enduring control of eNMDARs, Ca2+homeostasis, and downstream events will provide a promising opportunity to understand and treat the comorbidity of AD/ADRD and stroke.
Gastro-intestinal lesions are not relatable to diarrhoea or specific pathogens in post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in pigs
Authors: Blirup-Plum Sophie Amalie , Jensen Henrik Elvang , Nielsen Søren Saxmose , Pankoke Karen , Hansen Mette Sif , Pedersen Ken Steen , Eriksen Esben Østergaard , Nielsen Jens Peter , Olsen John Elmerdahl , Kudirkiene Egle , Larsen Lars Erik , Goecke Nicole Bakkegård , Barington Kristiane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPost-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) is a multifactorial condition and the most well documented infectious cause is enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli. The objective of the study was to investigate possible associations between pathological manifestations and pathogens in pigs with and without PWD. The study was conducted as a case–control study and included a total of 173 pigs from 9 different commercial intensive indoor production herds in eastern Denmark.ResultsBased on clinical examination, a total of 89 piglets with PWD (cases) and 84 piglets without PWD (controls) were included. Most of the pigs (n = 105/173) presented gastric lesions, which were more frequently observed in the control group. The odds of gastric ulcers were lower among pigs with PWD compared to pigs without PWD with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.2 (0.0; 0.7). Abnormal content in the colon was associated with PWD, with an OR of 6.5 (3.2; 14.3). No apparent association was found between lesions and the various pathogens or a combination of these. The odds of neutrophilic granulocyte infiltration were lower in the jejunum among pigs with PWD (OR 0.3 [0.1; 0.6]) compared to pigs without PWD. The association between neutrophilic granulocyte infiltration in jejunum and PWD differed between the herds (P = 0.03). Furthermore, the associations between PWD and hyperleukocytosis (P = 0.04) or infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes (P = 0.04) in ileum were also herd dependent. Histopathology revealed several lesions not relatable to PWD.ConclusionThe association between lesions and specific pathogens or PWD is more complex than anticipated.
Celiac disease in autism spectrum disorder: data from an Italian child cohort
Authors: Zambrano Stefania , Parma Barbara , Morabito Valeria , Borini Silvia , Romaniello Roberta , Molteni Massimo , Mani Elisa , Selicorni Angelo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In recent decades some studies described the frequent co-occurrence of celiac disease autoimmunity and overt celiac disease in patients with autism. Therefore, it was suggested that celiac disease could play a possible role in the etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. However, several other studies have not confirmed this association. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential association between autism spectrum disorder and celiac disease.

Methods
We prospectively collected data from an Italian cohort of 223 children at the time of their clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in the 2019–2020 period. A serological celiac disease screening was performed and data were available for 196 patients; male (M):female (F) ratio = 4.4:1; median age = 3.6 years; age range = 1.6–12.8 years. Full-blown celiac disease was established according to the diagnostic algorithm of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) 2012 or 2019 guidelines. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the celiac disease seroprevalence and prevalence in our autism spectrum disorder cohort and in the Italian healthy pediatric population studied by Gatti et al. to highlight the possible differences between the two groups.

Results
A not statistically significant difference between the celiac disease seroprevalence in our autism spectrum disorder cohort (4.08%) and Gatti’s Italian healthy group (2.22%) was found, p = 0.0810; OR = 1.871. A similar result emerged for overt celiac disease prevalences (2.24% versus 1.58%, respectively), p = 0.2862; OR = 1.431.

Conclusions
Our data validates a weakness of association between autism spectrum disorder and celiac disease. On the basis of our results, a regular screening for CD in patients with ASD is not recommended to a greater extent than in the general population.
Prognostic and predictive value of endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: risk-stratified analysis from a prospective observational cohort of pediatric septic shock
Authors: Atreya Mihir R. , Cvijanovich Natalie Z. , Fitzgerald Julie C. , Weiss Scott L. , Bigham Michael T. , Jain Parag N. , Schwarz Adam J. , Lutfi Riad , Nowak Jeffrey , Allen Geoffrey L. , Thomas Neal J. , Grunwell Jocelyn R. , Baines Torrey , Quasney Michael , Haileselassie Bereketeab , Alder Matthew N. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Stanski Natalja L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is associated with high morbidity, with no current therapies available beyond continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are key drivers of SA-AKI. We sought to measure differences between endothelial dysfunction markers among children with and without SA-AKI, test whether this association varied across inflammatory biomarker-based risk strata, and develop prediction models to identify those at highest risk of SA-AKI.

Methods
Secondary analyses of prospective observational cohort of pediatric septic shock. Primary outcome of interest was the presence of ≥ Stage II KDIGO SA-AKI on day 3 based on serum creatinine (D3 SA-AKI SCr). Biomarkers including those prospectively validated to predict pediatric sepsis mortality (PERSEVERE-II) were measured in Day 1 (D1) serum. Multivariable regression was used to test the independent association between endothelial markers and D3 SA-AKI SCr. We conducted risk-stratified analyses and developed prediction models using Classification and Regression Tree (CART), to estimate risk of D3 SA-AKI among prespecified subgroups based on PERSEVERE-II risk.

Results
A total of 414 patients were included in the derivation cohort. Patients with D3 SA-AKI SCr had worse clinical outcomes including 28-day mortality and need for CRRT. Serum soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2), and Tie-2 were independently associated with D3 SA-AKI SCr. Further, Tie-2 and Angpt-2/Tie-2 ratios were influenced by the interaction between D3 SA-AKI SCr and risk strata. Logistic regression demonstrated models predictive of D3 SA-AKI risk performed optimally among patients with high- or intermediate-PERSEVERE-II risk strata. A 6 terminal node CART model restricted to this subgroup of patients had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.90 and 0.77 upon tenfold cross-validation in the derivation cohort to distinguish those with and without D3 SA-AKI SCr and high specificity. The newly derived model performed modestly in a unique set of patients (n = 224), 84 of whom were deemed high- or intermediate-PERSEVERE-II risk, to distinguish those patients with high versus low risk of D3 SA-AKI SCr.

Conclusions
Endothelial dysfunction biomarkers are independently associated with risk of severe SA-AKI. Pending validation, incorporation of endothelial biomarkers may facilitate prognostic and predictive enrichment for selection of therapeutics in future clinical trials among critically ill children.

Graphical abstract