bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free‐style technique versus computed tomographic angiography‐guided perforator selection in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap harvest: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Santanelli di Pompeo Fabio , Paolini Guido , D'Orsi Gennaro , Atzeni Matteo , Catalano Carlo , Cannavale Giuseppe , Cilia Francesco , Firmani Guido , Sorotos Michail 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomographic angiography (CTA) is the preferred diagnostic tool in preoperative deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap assessment, though some surgeons prefer approaching perforator selection with intraoperative findings alone.MethodsThis prospective observational study conducted between 2015 and 2020 assessed our intraoperative decision‐making “free‐style” technique for DIEP flap harvest. Any patient with indication for immediate or delayed breast reconstruction using abdominally based flaps and who received preoperative CTA was enrolled. Only unilateral cases performed by the same surgeon were considered. Allergy to iodine‐based contrast media, renal impairment and claustrophobia were other exclusion criteria. Primary endpoint consisted in comparing operative times and complication rates between free‐style technique and CTA‐guided approach. Secondary endpoints included evaluation of agreement rate between intraoperative findings and CTA, and identification of variables affecting operative time and complication rate. Demographics, surgical information, agreement versus non‐agreement and complications were collected.ResultsStarting from 206 patients, 100 were enrolled. Fifty were assigned to Group A, receiving DIEP flap with free‐style technique. The other 50 were assigned to Group B, receiving DIEP flap with CTA‐guided perforators selection. Study groups' demographics were homogenous. Operative time was statistically lower (p = .036) in free‐style group (252.4 ± 44.77 min vs. 265.6 ± 31.67 min). Complication rates were higher in CTA‐guided group (10% vs. 2%) though this was not significant (p = .092). Overall agreement rate in dominant perforator selection between intraoperatively and CTA‐based assessment was 81%. Multiple regression analysis showed no variable increased complication rate, though CTA‐guided approach, BMI > 30 and harvesting more than one perforator were respectively associated with B‐coefficient of 17.391 (2.430–32.351, 95% CI) [p = .023], 3.50 (0.640–6.379, 95% CI) [p = .017] and 18.887 (6.232–31.542, 95% CI) [p = .004], predicting increased operative time.ConclusionsThe free‐style technique proved to be a useful tool for guiding DIEP flap harvest with good sensibility in detecting the dominant perforator suggested by CTA without statistically increasing surgery duration and complications.
Effective low‐frequency EMI conformal shielding for system‐in‐package (SiP) modules
Authors: Kuo Hung‐Chun , Kuo Chih‐Wen , Wang Chen‐Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis letter presents several low‐frequency electromagnetic interference shielding solutions by using the conformal shielding technology with the sputtering process. The shielding effectiveness (SE) is verified by the near‐field test method with a transmission line (TL) as the radiating source. On the basis of the test condition and scenario, the TL‐based modeling method is applied to quickly predict the SE performance. Detailed measurement environment, setup, and procedures are also thoroughly introduced in this letter. Four copper (Cu) solutions with 5, 10, 20, and 30 μm shielding thicknesses and two hybrid copper/nickel‐iron (Cu/NiFe) solutions with 5/5 and 13/5 μm shielding thicknesses are tested. Among these solutions, a minimum of 15 dB and a maximum of 35 dB of measured SE at 10 MHz are seen. Moreover, the simulated and measured SE results are in good agreement. It is also noticed that the hybrid Cu/NiFe solution provides a comparable SE performance with a thinner thickness compared with the pure Cu solution.
Perioperative nutrition for gastrointestinal surgery: On the cutting edge
Authors: Noorian Shaya , Kwaan Mary R. , Jaffe Nancee , Yaceczko Shelby D. , Chau Lydia W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEvidence on perioperative nutrition interventions in gastrointestinal surgery is rapidly evolving. We conducted a narrative review of various aspects of nutrition support, including formula choice and route of administration, as well as duration and timing of nutrition support therapy. Studies have demonstrated that nutrition support is associated with improved clinical outcomes in malnourished patients and those at nutrition risk, emphasizing the importance of nutrition assessment, for which several validated nutrition risk assessment tools exist. The assessment of serum albumin levels has fallen out of favor, as it is an unreliable marker of nutrition status, whereas imaging evidence of sarcopenia has prognostic value and may emerge as a standard component of nutrition assessment. Preoperatively, evidence supports limiting fasting to reduce insulin resistance and improve oral tolerance. Benefits to preoperative carbohydrate loading remain unclear, whereas literature suggests preoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) may reduce postoperative complications in high‐risk patients with malnutrition or sarcopenia. Postoperatively, early oral feeding is safe with benefits in time to return of bowel function and reduced hospital stay. There is a signal for potential benefit to early postoperative PN in critically ill patients, though evidence is sparse. There has also been a recent emergence in randomized studies evaluating the use of ω‐3 fatty acids, amino acids, and immunonutrition. Meta‐analyses have reported favorable outcomes for these supplements, though individual studies are small and with significant methodological limitations and risk of bias, emphasizing the need for high‐quality randomized studies to guide clinical practice.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single ascending subcutaneous dose of GSK3772847 in healthy participants
Authors: Pefani Eleni , Stone Sally , Zhu Chang‐Qing , Nunn Carol , Fairman David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of GSK3772847, compared with placebo administered subcutaneously (SC) in healthy participants, including cohorts of Japanese and Chinese participants. This was a single‐center, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, single ascending dose study. Following a screening period of up to 28 days, eligible participants were assigned to one of four cohorts receiving a single dose of GSK3772847 70 mg (cohort 1) or 140 mg (cohorts 2, 3, and 4) or placebo SC. In cohorts 1 and 2, participants were randomly assigned to one of three injection sites (upper arm, abdomen, or thigh), while cohorts 3 and 4 included Japanese and Chinese participants, respectively, assigned to receive GSK3772847 or placebo SC (upper arm). Participants attended follow‐up visits on Days 9, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71, and 85 before final analysis. GSK3772847 was generally well tolerated. Most adverse events (AEs) were mild, resolved without treatment and were considered not related to study treatment by the investigator. There were no serious AEs or deaths during the study. The PK and PD were dose dependent, with negligible differences across injection sites or ethnicities. Target engagement was demonstrated by reduced free soluble interleukin 33 (sIL‐33) concentrations and substantially increased total sIL‐33 concentrations compared with baseline. Subcutaneously administered GSK3772847 was well tolerated in healthy participants, including cohorts of Japanese and Chinese participants, and shows consistent PK and PD across injection sites and ethnicities.
Perceptions into causes and consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants
Authors: Laxminarayana Dama 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants are emerging worldwide and pathogenicity varies widely from no symptoms to death. The SARS‐CoV‐2 is evolving as lineages like Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Epsilon, Iota, Delta, and Omicron in the course of time. The main reasons for such viral evolution are (a) the imperfect nature of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA polymerase, and viral exonuclease mediated proofreading functions resulting in the generation of mutations in viral genomes; (b) fusions of the 5′ leader sequence to unexpected 3′ sites, and transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs) in subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs), which result in the generation of structural variants and novel open reading frames; (c) these viruses are combated by the host type I interferons (IFNs). In such a process IFNs upregulate viral RNA editing APOBEC3G/F and ADAR1 genes, which induce mutations in viral genomes. These factors play important roles in causing viral evolution and the emergence of more efficient SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes, which escape the host immune defense system, and vaccine‐elicited antibodies and impede therapeutic strategies. The main challenges we now face are how to control future SARS‐CoV‐2 evolution, the elimination of their deleterious side effects, and the onset of new diseases as aftermaths of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. Preventive measures like (a) the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies and novel vaccines, therapies based on genomics and proteomics data will help in avoiding, and/or minimizing SARS‐CoV‐2 infections; (b) targeted therapies, application of patient‐based precision medicine methodology can help in achieving the goal and avoiding unwanted deleterious side effects and the onset of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections mediated several diseases in future.
Current status of US soil test phosphorus and potassium recommendations and analytical methods
Authors: Lyons Sarah E. , Clark Jason D. , Osmond Deanna L. , Parvej Md Rasel , Pearce Austin W. , Slaton Nathan A. , Spargo John T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoil testing is the foundation of fertilizer recommendations in the United States. Fertilizer recommendations have primarily been developed by land‐grant universities with limited coordination among programs. The individual state approach to develop fertilizer recommendations has resulted in discrepancies in recommended soil sampling protocols, soil analysis methods, and fertilizer recommendations at similar soil nutrient levels. A national survey was developed to summarize the status of soil testing and fertility work in the United States to inform future collaborative efforts among states and regions and identify opportunities to harmonize recommendation guidelines. Topics included relevant funding, multi‐state collaborations, state soil‐test recommendations and related data, fertilization philosophies, and analytical and soil sampling methods. Responses from 48 states and Puerto Rico showed inconsistencies across state boundaries in every category. The number of faculty full‐time equivalents working in soil fertility now averages 1.3 per state, a 21.5% decrease every 10 years since the 1950s. Land‐grant university soil‐test‐based phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) recommendation philosophies were categorized as Sufficiency (37%), Build and Maintain (19%), hybrid (20%), or multiple philosophies for which recommendations are provided (20%). Respondents in two states did not know the recommendation philosophy (4%). Fertilizer‐P and K recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.) were based on eight different extractants with differences across and within regions. While there have been some successful regional efforts in the past, additional multi‐state collaborative efforts are needed to identify research gaps and develop comprehensive strategies to update soil‐test correlation and calibration data to address modern agronomic, economic, and environmental concerns.
Boosting the Reversible, High‐Rate Na+ Storage Capability of the Hard Carbon Anode Via the Synergistic Structural Tailoring and Controlled Presodiation
Authors: Hou Liuyan , Liu Ting , Wang Helin , Bai Miao , Tang Xiaoyu , Wang Zhiqiao , Zhang Min , Li Shaowen , Wang Tianyu , Zhou Kefan , Ma Yue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHard carbons (HCs) are extensively investigated as the potential anodes for commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the practical deployment of HC anode suffers from the retarded Na+ diffusion at the high‐rate or low‐temperature operation scenarios. Herein, a multiscale modification strategy by tuning HC microstructure on the particle level as well as replenishing extra Na+ reservoir for the electrode through a homogeneous presodiation therapy is presented. Consequently, the coulombic efficiency of HC anode can be precisely controlled till the close‐to‐unit value. Detailed kinetics analysis observes that the Na+ diffusivity can be drastically enhanced by two orders of magnitude at the low potential region (< 0.1 V vs. Na+/Na), which accelerates the rate‐limiting step. As pairing the presodiated HC anode (≈5.0 ± 0.2 mg cm−2) with the NaVPO4F cathode (≈10.3 mg cm−2) in the 200 mAh pouch cell, the optimal balance of the cyclability (83% over 1000 cycles), low‐temperature behavior till −40 °C as well as the maximized power output of 1500 W kg−1 can be simultaneously achieved. This synergistic modification strategy opens a new avenue to exploit the reversible, ultrafast Na+ storage kinetics of HC anodes, which thus constitutes a quantum leap forward toward high‐rate SIB prototyping.
A resource efficient pseudo random number generator based on sawtooth maps for Internet of Things
Authors: Zia Unsub , McCartney Mark , Scotney Bryan , Martinez Jorge , Sajjad Ali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe strength of cryptographic keys rely on the random number generators (RNGs) to produce random seed values. Unfortunately there are not many RNGs options suitable for Internet of Things (IoTs) scenario, due to limited processing resources and bulk quantity of IoT data that needs to be secured. In this article, we studied sawtooth map which is a chaotic map. However, when implemented on a computer, the sawtooth map results on a non‐chaotic orbit due to the finite precision of computation. This can be avoided if we use the sawtooth map as the local map in a coupled map lattice (CML) system. We explore such coupled map systems for randomness through entropy and statistical analysis. Based on the results, we propose a lightweight hybrid pseudo random number generator (PRNG) based on sawtooth based CML system and SPONGENT hashing. The proposed PRNG is thoroughly tested against statistical attacks, entropy analysis, key space analysis and compared with existing state of the art solutions. The results provide evidence that the proposed PRNG produces random numbers that could produce sufficiently strong cryptographic keys for resource constrained IoT devices.
The necessary of ternary amyloid classification for clinical practice: An alternative to the binary amyloid definition
Authors: Ren Shuhua , Pan Yongsheng , Li Junpeng , Huang Lin , Cui Liang , Jiang Donglang , Huang Qi , Guan Yihui , Guo Qihao , Shen Dinggang , Xie Fang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVisual interpretation is considered the gold standard for amyloid scans in clinical practice. However, dichotomous classification of amyloid deposition by visual reading always results in bias due to rater experience. Therefore, there is a need for a more lenient and flexible amyloid‐equivocal classification in clinical practice. A total of 461 participants were included in this study. Amyloid and glucose positron‐emission tomography was performed, and neuropsychological tests were evaluated. A disease‐specific deep‐learning method was used to identify amyloid equivocality. Amyloid deposition, glucose metabolism, and cognitive performance were analyzed and compared among amyloid‐positive, amyloid‐negative, and amyloid‐equivocal groups. Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease individuals and subjects with normal cognition were used to create amyloid biomarker cut points to support the definition of equivocal amyloid deposition. A total of 139 amyloid‐equivocal individuals were identified by deep learning methods. They displayed intermediate amyloid deposition between that of amyloid‐positive (standardized uptake value ratio [SUVr]: 1.25 ± 0.10 vs. 1.47 ± 0.20, p < 0.001) and amyloid‐negative (SUVr: 1.25 ± 0.10 vs. 1.18 ± 0.07, p < 0.001) individuals. No difference in glucose metabolism or cognitive performance was observed between amyloid negativity and equivocality. Furthermore, the SUVr for the whole cortex, the precuneus, and the frontal lobe served as auxiliary criteria supporting the diagnosis of equivocal amyloid deposition. We also established a guide to assist in the interpretation of amyloid equivocality by visual reading with auxiliary criteria including two cut points and deep learning methods.
AQME: Automated quantum mechanical environments for researchers and educators
Authors: Alegre‐Requena Juan V. , Sowndarya S. V. Shree , Pérez‐Soto Raúl , Alturaifi Turki M. , Paton Robert S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAQME, automated quantum mechanical environments, is a free and open‐source Python package for the rapid deployment of automated workflows using cheminformatics and quantum chemistry. AQME workflows integrate tasks performed across multiple computational chemistry packages and data formats, preserving all computational protocols, data, and metadata for machine and human users to access and reuse. AQME has a modular structure of independent modules that can be implemented in any sequence, allowing the users to use all or only the desired parts of the program. The code has been developed for researchers with basic familiarity with the Python programming language. The CSEARCH module interfaces to molecular mechanics and semi‐empirical QM (SQM) conformer generation tools (e.g., RDKit and Conformer–Rotamer Ensemble Sampling Tool, CREST) starting from various initial structure formats. The CMIN module enables geometry refinement with SQM and neural network potentials, such as ANI. The QPREP module interfaces with multiple QM programs, such as Gaussian, ORCA, and PySCF. The QCORR module processes QM results, storing structural, energetic, and property data while also enabling automated error handling (i.e., convergence errors, wrong number of imaginary frequencies, isomerization, etc.) and job resubmission. The QDESCP module provides easy access to QM ensemble‐averaged molecular descriptors and computed properties, such as NMR spectra. Overall, AQME provides automated, transparent, and reproducible workflows to produce, analyze and archive computational chemistry results. SMILES inputs can be used, and many aspects of tedious human manipulation can be avoided. Installation and execution on Windows, macOS, and Linux platforms have been tested, and the code has been developed to support access through Jupyter Notebooks, the command line, and job submission (e.g., Slurm) scripts. Examples of pre‐configured workflows are available in various formats, and hands‐on video tutorials illustrate their use.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Chemoinformatics
Data Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Wie ist Geographieunterricht angesichts des Zentralabiturs möglich? Diskussion und systemtheoretische Einordnung der Ergebnisse
Authors: Mäsgen Johanna 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die im vorangegangenen Kapitel vorgestellten empirischen Forschungsergebnisse diskutiert und systemtheoretisch eingeordnet: komplexitätsreduzierende Handlungsstrategien als Selbstbeschränkung des Unterrichts, äußere Einflüsse als Fremdbeschränkung des Unterrichts sowie das Verhältnis von Vermittlung/Aneignung und Selektion. Schließlich werden Konsequenzen der Selbst- und Fremdbeschränkung von Unterricht und der Konkurrenz der beiden Steuerungscodes diskutiert: a) eine Mehrsystemzugehörigkeit von Unterricht und b) ein Entleeren und Zusammenschrumpfen des Erziehungssystems.
On Algebraic Properties of the Family of Weakly Świa̧tkowski Functions
Authors: Bartoszewicz Artur , Filipczak Małgorzata , Terepeta Małgorzata 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the paper we will focus on weakly Światkowski functions. We say that f satisfies the weak Świa̧tkowski condition (or f is a weakly Świa̧tkowski function) if for all $$x_1, x_2$$

x
1

,

x
2

with $$f(x_1)< f(x_2)$$

f

(

x
1

)

<
f

(

x
2

)

there is a point x between $$x_1$$

x
1

and $$x_2$$

x
2

such that $$f(x_1)<f(x)< f(x_2)$$

f

(

x
1

)

<
f

(
x
)

<
f

(

x
2

)

. This definition is a modification of the Świa̧tkowski condition, in which point x mentioned above has to be a point of continuity of f. In the paper we will examine some properties of weakly Świa̧tkowski functions and consider lineability and algebrability of some families of functions related to them.
Mental Health Surveillance am Robert Koch-Institut – Strategien zur Beobachtung der psychischen Gesundheit der Bevölkerung
Authors: Thom Julia , Walther Lena , Eicher Sophie , Hölling Heike , Junker Stephan , Peitz Diana , Wilhelm Julia , Mauz Elvira 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie fortlaufende und systematische Beobachtung der Bevölkerungsgesundheit ist grundlegend für eine effektive Public-Health-Praxis. Angesichts der wachsenden Bedeutung psychischer Gesundheit für die Bevölkerungsgesundheit wird am Robert Koch-Institut eine Mental Health Surveillance für Deutschland aufgebaut. Deren Ziel ist es, kontinuierlich verlässliche Einschätzungen zur psychischen Gesundheit der Bevölkerung und ihrer Entwicklung zur Verfügung zu stellen.Aktuell werden 3 Surveillance-Strategien verfolgt: 1) Regelmäßige Bestandsaufnahmen sollen den psychischen Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung über eine Vielfalt an Indikatoren und Datengrundlagen umfassend beschreiben und langfristige Veränderungen aufzeigen. Sie knüpfen an bereits vorliegende Arbeiten aus Epidemiologie und Versorgungsforschung an. 2) Die hochfrequente Beobachtung einer Auswahl an Indikatoren dient der frühen Erkennung von Trends. 3) Das kontinuierliche Literaturreview erfasst monatlich die aktuelle Evidenzlage zur Entwicklung der psychischen Gesundheit in der COVID-19-Pandemie. Die beiden letzten Strategien entstanden in Reaktion auf veränderte Informationsbedarfe während der Pandemie.In diesem Beitrag werden die 3 Strategien, ihre Funktionen, Grenzen und Entwicklungspotenziale beschrieben und diskutiert. Vermittelt über verschiedene Formate der Berichterstattung können sie Handlungs- und Forschungsbedarfe im Bereich Public Mental Health aufzeigen. Bei weiterem Aufbau und Betrieb hat Mental Health Surveillance insgesamt das Potenzial, die Erreichung von Zielsetzungen im Bereich Public Mental Health zu unterstützen und auf verschiedenen Ebenen zur Verbesserung der gesundheitlichen Lage beizutragen.