bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What affects the turnover intention of civil servants: Evidence from Bhutan
Authors: Mussagulova Assel , Demircioglu Mehmet Akif 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch utilising self‐determination theory (SDT) and, in particular, the concept of need satisfaction in public organisations has been increasing in recent years. At the same time, most studies are using insights from SDT, and are not really testing them. In fact, we still have limited knowledge on the outcomes of need satisfaction for civil servants. In this study, we aim to understand how need satisfaction affects the intrinsic motivation of civil servants, as well as their intention to leave the organisation in which they currently work. Using original data from 580 civil servants in Bhutan, this study finds that need satisfaction matters for intrinsic motivation and turnover intention. More specifically, this study finds that while need satisfaction has a positive effect on intrinsic motivation, it has a negative effect on turnover intention. Intrinsic motivation also mediates this relationship. To reduce turnover intention, policymakers may need to enhance public sector employees’ need satisfaction and their intrinsic motivation. These findings are consistent with Bhutan's context, in which happiness and human connection and fulfilment are more important than economic values.Points for practitionersCivil servants of Bhutan whose needs are satisfied are more likely to be intrinsically motivated and less likely to express an intention to quit their jobs.To reduce turnover intention, policymakers may need to enhance public sector employees’ need satisfaction and their intrinsic motivation.
‘Ladder’‐based safety culture assessments inversely predict safety outcomes
Authors: Boskeljon‐Horst Leonie , Sillem Simone , Dekker Sydney W. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is little empirical evidence on the predictive value of safety culture assessments (SCAs) in relation to how accident‐prone an organisation might be. Recently, Antonsen not just demonstrated how a quantitative SCA mispredicted future safety outcomes, but actually showed an inverse relationship between the assessment and subsequent critical incident investigation findings. To add to our understanding, this article presents research on whether a SCA has a predictive capacity for safety outcomes. Like in Antonsen's research, an opportunity emerged when a helicopter taxiing accident, resulting in a rotor strike occurred for a helicopter squadron that had just undergone a SCA. The assessment used ‘culture ladder’ rubrics for its findings, which allowed us to look for specific features in the subsequent independent accident investigation (in which the researchers were not involved). As with Antonsen's findings, our research shows that a ‘ladder’‐based assessment has little predictive value. Any predictive value it has is in the inverse of the assessment findings. For instance, where the SCA showed that the safety culture was very mature regarding finding a balance between safety and the mission at hand or the breaking of rules, the accident investigation pointed these out as the causes of the accident.
Preferences for deinfibulation (opening) surgery and female genital mutilation service provision: A qualitative study
Authors: Jones Laura L. , Costello Benjamin D. , Danks Emma , Jolly Kate , Cross‐Sudworth Fiona , Byrne Alison , Fassam‐Wright Meg , Latthe Pallavi , Clarke Joanne , Adbi Ayan , Abdi Hodo , Abdi Hibaq , Taylor Julie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the views of female genital mutilation (FGM) survivors, men and healthcare professionals (HCPs) on the timing of deinfibulation surgery and NHS service provision.DesignQualitative study informed by the sound of silence framework.SettingSurvivors and men were recruited from three FGM prevalent areas of England. HCPs and stakeholders were from across the UK.SampleForty‐four survivors, 13 men and 44 HCPs. Ten participants at two community workshops and 30 stakeholders at a national workshop.MethodsHybrid framework analysis of 101 interviews and three workshops.ResultsThere was no consensus across groups on the optimal timing of deinfibulation for survivors who wished to be deinfibulated. Within group, survivors expressed a preference for deinfibulation pre‐pregnancy and HCPs antenatal deinfibulation. There was no consensus for men. Participants reported that deinfibulation should take place in a hospital setting and be undertaken by a suitable HCP. Decision making around deinfibulation was complex but for those who underwent surgery it helped to mitigate FGM impacts. Although there were examples of good practice, in general, FGM service provision was suboptimal.ConclusionDeinfibulation services need to be widely advertised. Information should highlight that the procedure can be carried out at different time points, according to preference, and in a hospital by suitable HCPs. Future services should ideally be developed with survivors, to ensure that they are clinically and culturally appropriate. Guidelines would benefit from being updated to reflect the needs of survivors and to ensure consistency in provision.
Preconception, Interconception, and reproductive health screening tools: A systematic review
Authors: Ren Megan , Shireman Hannah , VanGompel Emily White , Bello Jennifer K. , Carlock Francesca , McHugh Ashley , Stulberg Debra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and describe the standardized interconception and preconception screening tools for reproductive health needs that are applicable in general outpatient clinical practice.Data Sources and Study SettingThis systematic review identifies research on pregnancy intention screening and counseling tools, and standardized approaches to preconception and interconception care. We focus on tools designed for clinical settings, but also include research tools with potential for clinical implementation. These tools may include a component of contraceptive counseling, but those focusing solely on contraceptive counseling were excluded. Data were collected from studies done in the United States between January 2000 and March 2022.Study DesignWe performed a systematic literature search to generate a list of unique tools, assessed the quality of evidence supporting each tool, and described the peer‐reviewed clinical applications of each. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to appraise the quality of individual studies.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases for standardized preconception and interconception health screening tools published in English from January 2000 through March 2022. We used keywords “preconception care,” “interconception care,” “family planning,” “contraception,” “reproductive health services,” and “counseling.” Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines, we screened titles and abstracts to identify studies for full text review.Principal FindingsThe search resulted in 15,399 studies. After removing 4172 duplicates, we screened 11,227 titles/abstracts and advanced 207 for full‐text review. From these, we identified 53 eligible studies representing 22 tools/standardized approaches, of which 10 had evidence from randomized clinical trials. These ranged widely in design, setting, and population of study.ConclusionsClinicians have a choice of tools when implementing standard reproductive screening services. A growing body of research can inform the selection of an appropriate tool, and more study is needed to establish effects on long‐term patient outcomes.
Real‐world effectiveness of regorafenib in the treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective, observational study
Authors: Wang Hailing , Liu Weiling , Zhao Yan , Hu Hongtao , Zhang Bin , Yang Shujun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the real‐world usage pattern and factors associated with the effectiveness of regorafenib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed data for 209 patients with mCRC treated with regorafenib as third or later line of therapy. TheKaplan–Meier method was used to draw the survival curves. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to analyze the prognostic value for overall survival (OS).ResultsOf 209 patients, 156 (75%) were treated with regorafenib, and 53 (25%) were given regorafenib combined with programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitors. About 182 (87%) patients had a dose record of regorafenib. The initial daily doses of regorafenib were 160, 120, 80, and 40 mg, accounting for 29%, 17%, 48%, and 6% of patients, respectively. The median follow‐up time was 11.3 months, and the median OS was 12.0 months (95% CI: 9.7–14.3). Patients treated with PD‐1 inhibitors plus regorafenib had a longer OS than the non‐PD‐1 group (13.5 vs. 10.1 months, hazard ratio [HR] = .534, 95% CI: .325–.879; p = .014). A total of 49 patients with microsatellite stable or mismatch repair‐proficient genotype treated with PD‐1 inhibitors plus regorafenib had a longer OS than the non‐PD‐1 group (13.5 vs. 9.7 months; HR = .563, p = .027). The median OS of patients continuing treatment with regorafenib after progression (n = 19, with five patients receiving additional immunotherapy) was marginally longer than patients discontinuing regorafenib after progression (12.7 vs. 11.9 months, p = .425) observed in a smaller cohort.ConclusionIn real‐world practice, patients with mCRC in whom standard regimens had failed have a good survival benefit with regorafenib. Combination with PD‐1 inhibitor may further prolong survival of the patients.
The characteristics of a 12‐lead electrocardiogram measuring premature ventricular contractions originating from the tricuspid annulus using the clock position method
Authors: Qu Li‐juan , Guo Min , Zhang Nan , Sun Meng , Wang Rui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the conventional surface electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from the tricuspid annulus and to investigate the efficacy of locating their origins according to ECG results.MethodsEight patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (China) were included in the study. Pace mapping (PM) was used to analyze the characteristics of the PVCs originating from the tricuspid annulus recorded via 12‐lead body surface ECGs.ResultsAn R‐wave was found in leads I, V5, and V6. The QRS wave was narrower when the PVCs originated from the septum and shifted in lead V3 (R‐wave amplitude/S‐wave amplitude in the precordial lead—1). The QRS wave was broadest when the PVCs originated from the 7 to 9 o'clock position. The augmented vector left lead showed RS, QS, or RSR‐type waves with a low amplitude when the PVCs originated from the upper part of the annulus. When the PVCs originated from the lower part of the annulus, the augmented vector right lead reflected multidirectional and QS‐type waves.ConclusionThe ECG‐lead characteristics related to the origin of PVCs in the tricuspid annulus indicate some level of significance and can be used to formulate a specific diagnosis.
NOTCH1 mutation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is associated with an enhanced cell cycle G1/S transition and specific cyclin overexpression: Preclinical ground for targeted inhibition
Authors: Carrillo‐Tornel Salvador , Chen‐Liang Tzu Hua , Zurdo María , Puiggros Anna , Gómez‐Llonín Andrea , García‐Malo María Dolores , Cuenca‐Zamora Ernesto José , Ortuño Francisco José , López Ana María Hurtado , Espinet Blanca , Jerez Andrés 
Published: December 2022

SummaryStudies prior to next‐generation sequencing (NGS) showed that the frequent indolent course of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is related to most cells remaining quiescent in the G0–G1 cell cycle phase, due to the expression of dysregulated cyclin genes. Of note, the activating nature of the NOTCH1 mutation in T lymphoblastic leukaemia also drives the dysregulation of cell cycle genes. Our goal was to comprehensively revisit the cell cycle in NOTCH1‐mutated CLL (NOTCH1MUT) to test for potential therapeutic targets. Among 378 NGS‐annotated CLL cases, NOTCH1MUT cells displayed a unique transcriptome profile of G0–G1 cell cycle components, with an overexpression of early‐phase effectors, reaching a 38‐, 27‐ and ninefold change increase for the complex elements CCND3, CDK4 and CDK6, respectively. This NOTCH1MUT cells’ profile was related to more cells traversing through the cell cycle. In‐vitro targeted inhibition of NOTCH1 gamma‐secretase and CDK4/6 reversed the distribution of cells through the cycle phases and enhanced the killing of NOTCH1MUT CLL cells, suggesting new therapeutic approaches.
An evidence‐base for developing ambitious yet realistic national biodiversity targets
Authors: Bane Miranda S. , Cooke Rob , Boyd Robin J. , Brown Andy , Burns Fiona , Henly Lauren , Vanderpump Jemilah , Isaac Nick J. B. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBiodiversity targets are a key tool, used at a global and national policy level, to align biodiversity goals, promote conservation action, and recover nature. Yet most biodiversity targets are not met. In England, the government has committed to legally‐binding targets to halt and recover the decline in species abundance by 2030 and 2042. We present evidence from recent population trends of 670 terrestrial animal species (for which abundance time series are available) as a species abundance indicator, together with a synthesis of case studies on species recovery, to assess the degree to which these targets are achievable. The case studies demonstrate that recovery is possible through a range of approaches. The indicator demonstrates that theoretically targets can be achieved by addressing severe declines in a relatively small number of species, as well as creating smaller benefits for many species through landscape‐scale interventions. The fact that multiple pathways exist to achieve the species abundance targets in England presents choices but also raises the possibility that targets might be reached with perverse consequences. We demonstrate that evidence on achievability is a necessary but not sufficient condition for determining what is required to deliver conservation outcomes and restore biodiversity.
Divergent climate impacts on C3 versus C4 grasses imply widespread 21st century shifts in grassland functional composition
Authors: Havrilla Caroline A. , Bradford John B. , Yackulic Charles B. , Munson Seth M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimGrasslands cover a third of Earth's landmass and provide critical ecosystem services. Anticipating how perennial C3 (cool‐season) and C4 (warm‐season) grasses respond to climate change will be key to predicting future composition and functioning of grasslands. Here, we evaluate environmental drivers of C3 and C4 perennial distributions and assess how C3 and C4 grass distributions shift in response to future climate change.LocationWestern United States.MethodsWe developed integrated species distribution models to identify climate and soil drivers of relative abundance of C3 and C4 perennial grasses. We then created projections of species abundances under future climate and evaluated when and where projected shifts in relative abundance were robust across climate models.ResultsHistorically, C3 grasses occupied areas with lower temperature and more variable precipitation regimes, while C4 grasses occupied areas of higher temperature, greater temperature variability and greater warm‐season precipitation. C4 species also occupied narrower soil texture niches. In response to future climate change, C3 grass abundance declined across 74% of areas, while C4 abundance increased across 66% of areas. C3 grasses expanded in mid‐ to higher‐latitude areas with increasing temperature and decreasing seasonality of precipitation. In contrast, C4 grasses increased in higher‐latitude regions, but declined in lower‐latitude, dryer regions. Results were surprisingly robust across climate scenarios, suggesting high confidence in the direction of these future changes.Main ConclusionsFindings imply C3 and C4 perennial grasses will have highly divergent responses to climate change that may result in grassland functional compositional changes. Increasing temperatures and precipitation variability may favour some C4 grasses, but C4 habitat expansion may be constrained by soil conditions in western USA. Results provide actionable insights for anticipating the impacts of climate change on grass‐dominated and co‐dominated ecosystems and improving large‐scale conservation and restoration efforts.
Monopsony, wage discrimination, and public policy
Authors: Alderman Brianna L. , Blair Roger D. , Saygin Perihan Ö. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA vast number of empirical studies have found that monopsony power is pervasive in labor markets. In some circumstances, the exercise of monopsony results in wage discrimination that is not taste‐based. Instead, it results from profit maximization in the presence of different labor supply functions of two distinct groups of workers. This paper examines the profit maximizing employment decisions of a monopsonist under these conditions, as well as the public policy regarding wage discrimination. The economic effects of the current statutes are also examined, as well as some policy recommendations to strengthen the prohibition of wage discrimination.
Estimated prevalence of facial injury‐related mortality in the United States pediatric population
Authors: Hebballi Nutan B. , Xie Luyu , Kane Alex A. , Brown Eric L. , Mathew Matthew S. , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground/AimsIn pediatric populations, the epidemiology of facial trauma, their injury patterns, distribution, and outcomes are well known, However, little is known about the risk factors and impacts of minor and moderate facial injuries on in‐hospital mortality among children in the United States of America (USA). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for in‐hospital mortality among pediatric patients following facial injuries in the USA.Material and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with data from the National Trauma Data Bank's pediatric hospitalized patients (<18 years) with facial injuries (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 802.00 to 802.9 and Tenth Revision codes S02.2 to S02.92) between January 01, 2016–December 31, 2019. A multivariable logistic regression model was utilized to identify the risk factors for in‐hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 61,294 pediatric patients (mean age 11.9 years, 69.6% males) were included in the analysis. The estimated prevalence of in‐hospital mortality following facial injuries was 2.4% (n = 1480). In terms of mortality, compared to those who sustained minor facial injuries, patients with (1) moderate injuries had 43% higher odds (OR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.25–1.64, p < .0001), (2) serious injuries had seven times higher odds (OR = 7.81; 95% CI: 6.67–9.14, p < .0001), (3) severe injuries had 16 times higher odds (OR = 16.07; 95% CI: 12.62–20.46, p < .0001), and (4) critical/maximum injury virtually unsurvivable had 145 times higher odds (OR = 145.24; 95% CI: 113.82–185.33, p < .0001) of death after controlling for age, race, insurance status, comorbidities, and hospital complications.ConclusionsThe severity of facial injury, age 5–17 years, uninsured status, and those with a mental/personality disorder were risk factors for in‐hospital mortality among pediatric patients following facial injuries in this population‐level analysis. A better understanding of these risk factors is needed for clinical management of pediatric patients to prevent in‐hospital mortality following facial injuries.
A robust and readily implementable method for the meta‐analysis of response ratios with and without missing standard deviations
Authors: Nakagawa Shinichi , Noble Daniel W. A. , Lagisz Malgorzata , Spake Rebecca , Viechtbauer Wolfgang , Senior Alistair M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe log response ratio, lnRR, is the most frequently used effect size statistic for meta‐analysis in ecology. However, often missing standard deviations (SDs) prevent estimation of the sampling variance of lnRR. We propose new methods to deal with missing SDs via a weighted average coefficient of variation (CV) estimated from studies in the dataset that do report SDs. Across a suite of simulated conditions, we find that using the average CV to estimate sampling variances for all observations, regardless of missingness, performs with minimal bias. Surprisingly, even with missing SDs, this simple method outperforms the conventional approach (basing each effect size on its individual study‐specific CV) with complete data. This is because the conventional method ultimately yields less precise estimates of the sampling variances than using the pooled CV from multiple studies. Our approach is broadly applicable and can be implemented in all meta‐analyses of lnRR, regardless of ‘missingness’.
Effect of age at training initiation on hoof morphology and lameness in juvenile American Quarter Horses
Authors: Kawahisa‐Piquini Gabriella , Bass Luke D. , Pezzanite Lynn M. , Moorman Valerie J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundLameness, discipline, training intensity, environmental variability, and shoeing are all factors demonstrated to affect hoof loading and therefore act as adaptive stimuli to alter hoof morphology.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of age at training initiation on hoof morphology and lameness incidence and determine if specific hoof morphology measurements correlate with lameness in juvenile American Quarter Horses.Study designProspective cohort study.MethodsAmerican Quarter Horses (n = 42; 29 two‐year‐olds, 13 three‐year‐olds) entering training were monitored for hoof morphology and lameness over 6 months (months 0, 2, 4, and 6). Hoof measurements (palmar/plantar angles, frog base width/length, toe length/angle, heel length/angle, heel and foot width, wall height/angle) from radiographs and photographs were recorded. Lameness was graded subjectively and objectively (Lameness locator®). Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test and repeated measures ANOVA withp < 0.05.Results25/42 horses developed subclinical lameness (16/42 forelimb, 19/42 hindlimb), with 3‐year‐olds developing lameness more frequently compared to 2‐year‐olds overall (p = 0.04; 84.6 vs. 48.3%) and in forelimbs (p = 0.05; 61.5% vs. 27.6%); no difference was noted between 2‐ versus 3‐year‐olds in hindlimbs (p = 0.2; 61.5% vs. 37.9%). In lame versus sound forelimbs, 3‐year‐olds had decreased foot width (p = 0.03; 11.48 cm [CI 10.68–12.28] vs. 12.21 cm [CI 11.99–12.42]), decreased toe length (p = 0.03; 6.02 cm [CI 5.69–6.36] vs. 6.45 cm [CI 6.32–6.58]), shorter lateral wall height (p = 0.03; 4.64 cm [CI 4.31–4.96] vs. 5.11 cm [CI 5.03–5.2]), and shorter medial wall height (p = 0.02; 4.58 cm [CI 4.06–5.10] vs. 5.15 cm [CI 4.99–5.30]).In lame versus sound hindlimbs, horses overall (p = 0.05; 3.74, CI 3.53–3.96 vs. 3.55, CI 3.48–3.61) and 3‐year‐olds had longer heelsp = 0.01; 3.90 cm (CI 3.5–4.3) vs. 3.50 cm (CI 3.39–3.61).Main limitationsSmall sample size, lack of control group not entering training.ConclusionsThree‐year‐old American Quarter Horses entering training were more likely to develop forelimb lameness than 2‐year‐olds. This subclinical lameness was associated with specific hoof morphology characteristics (decreased foot width, toe length, heel length, and lateral/medial wall height; greater toe angle).