bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Pain, Analgesics, and Cognitive Status: A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Guo Xingzhi , Hou Chen , Tang Peng , Li Rui 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Observational studies have suggested an intricate relationship among chronic pain (CP), use of analgesics, and cognitive status, but it remains unclear whether these associations are of a causal nature.

METHODS:
To investigate the causal relationship among them, summary statistics of 9 types of CP (headache, hip, neck/shoulder, stomach/abdominal, back, knee, facial, general, and multisite CP), analgesics (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], opioids, salicylic acid and derivatives, and anilides), and cognitive status (cognitive function, Alzheimer’s disease [AD], vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia [LBD], and dementia) were included in this Mendelian randomization (MR) study. As both CP and analgesic use were associated with cognitive status and vice versa, we performed a bidirectional MR analysis between CP or analgesics and dementia using strong genetic instruments (P < .001) identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse-variance weighted method was applied to calculate estimates. The MR estimated odds ratio (OR) was interpreted as odds of outcome per unit increase in the exposure. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was applied to adjust the P value for multiple testing, and P < .05 means statistically significant.

RESULTS:
Multisite CP (MCP) was associated with worse cognitive function (OR [95% confidence interval], 0.69 [0.53–0.89], P = .043), but no significant reverse effect of cognitive status on CP was found. There were no significant associations observed between analgesics and cognitive status. Unexpectedly, patients with AD and LBD had significantly lower exposure to anilides (AD: OR = 0.97 [0.94–0.99], P = .034; LBD: OR = 0.97 [0.96–0.99], P = .012) and NSAIDs (AD: OR = 0.96 [0.93–0.98], P = .012; LBD: OR = 0.98 [0.96–0.99], P = .034).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings indicate that an elevated number of CP sites predict future cognitive decline. Patients with dementia had lower exposure to anilides and NSAIDs, suggesting that they might not be adequately medicated for pain.
Rally Day
Authors: Hoffman Danny 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMarch 5, 2018, was the final rally day for the Sierra Leone People's Party prior to that country's national elections. The SLPP held its last day of public demonstrations in Bo, the country's second largest city and primary urban center in the Mende-dominant southeast. As was true of other political parties in other cities and other elections in Sierra Leone's turbulent past, violence played a key role in structuring rally day events and participants’ experiences of them. Yet this violence has not always been the same. In 2018 the beating of a young man by a rally crowd was in some ways unexceptional, both in Sierra Leonean politics and in the postcolonial response to urban crime. And yet it marked a subtle shift in both Sierra Leonean electoral politics and in the way such vigilante justice in African cities is interpreted. Contrasting the ethnographic elements of this single day with other representations of crowd violence in West Africa, this article explores an urban landscape that complicates the distinction between political and nonpolitical violence and between the presence and absence of the postcolonial state.
Made in Others’ Wor(l)ds: Personhood and the Angloscene in Afro-Chinese Beijing
Authors: Ke-Schutte Jay 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPostcolonial theorist Frantz Fanon noted in Black Skin, White Masks that the postcolonial subject's nightmares have a time and a place—a socius of the colonial encounter that haunts and recontextualizes the future of the colonized eternally within that shape-shifting nightmare. This article—exploring the English-language-mediated cosmopolitan aspirations of African students in contemporary Beijing—recasts Fanon's observation and explores how dreams of efficacious personhood, like nightmares of compromised subjectivity, imbricate the same spatiotemporal tension between aspirational horizons and their compromised conditions of mediation. In doing so, this article maps a relationship between language, personhood, and space-time: in particular, the persistence of English in Sino-South encounters where signs of Anglocentrism and Englishness become the only available forms of cultural capital for postcolonial actors.
OptIC-Notch reveals mechanism that regulates receptor interactions with CSL
Authors: Townson Jonathan M. , Gomez-Lamarca Maria J. , Santa Cruz Mateos Carmen , Bray Sarah J. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Active Notch signalling is elicited through receptor–ligand interactions that result in release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which translocates into the nucleus. NICD activates transcription at target genes, forming a complex with the DNA-binding transcription factor CSL [CBF1/Su(H)/LAG-1] and co-activator Mastermind. However, CSL lacks its own nuclear localisation sequence, and it remains unclear where the tripartite complex is formed. To probe the mechanisms involved, we designed an optogenetic approach to control NICD release (OptIC-Notch) and monitored the subsequent complex formation and target gene activation. Strikingly, we observed that, when uncleaved, OptIC-Notch sequestered CSL in the cytoplasm. Hypothesising that exposure of a juxta membrane ΦWΦP motif is key to sequestration, we masked this motif with a second light-sensitive domain (OptIC-Notch{ω}), which was sufficient to prevent CSL sequestration. Furthermore, NICD produced by light-induced cleavage of OptIC-Notch or OptIC-Notch{ω} chaperoned CSL into the nucleus and induced target gene expression, showing efficient light-controlled activation. Our results demonstrate that exposure of the ΦWΦP motif leads to CSL recruitment and suggest this can occur in the cytoplasm prior to nuclear entry.
Dramatized-performative narrative
Authors: Σάββα Δημήτριος 
Published: May 2023

Η συγκεκριμένη έρευνα εισάγει τον όρο δραματοποιημένη-παραστατική αφήγηση στο πεδίο της ηλεκτροακουστικής μουσικής σύνθεσης. Η έρευνα συμπεριλαμβάνει τη σύνθεση πρωτότυπων έργων ηλεκτροακουστικής μουσικής που συνοδεύονται από ένα κείμενο που εξηγεί: (1) την έννοια της δραματοποιημένης-παραστατικής αφήγησης, (2) μια κεντρική μέθοδο που βασισμένη σε αυτή την έννοια χρησιμοποιείται για τη σύνθεση των έργων, και (3) μια σύντομη συζήτηση και ανάλυση για το κάθε ένα από αυτά. Ο όρος δραματοποιημένη-παραστατική αφήγηση προτείνεται για να καθορίσει ένα είδος αφήγησης που προέρχεται από παραστατικές δράσεις και κατευθύνει προς αυτές. Βάσει αυτής της ιδέας, προτείνεται μια μέθοδος σύνθεσης για τη δημιουργία έργων ηλεκτροακουατικής μουσικής που ενσωματώνουν τη δραματοποιημένη-παραστατική αφήγηση. Συγκεκριμένα, η μέθοδος εξερευνά ποικίλους τρόπους: (1) προ-καθορισμός δραματοποιημένων δράσεων μέσω της χρήσης παρτιτούρων - γραφημάτων, (2) ηχητική καταγραφή των δράσεων αυτών με διάφορες τεχνικές ηχογράφησης και (3) χρήση αυτών των ηχογραφήσεων ως κεντρικού υλικού για τη σύνθεση και δόμηση ηλεκτροακουστικών μουσικών έργων. Με αυτήν τη μέθοδο έχουν φτιαχτεί τέσσερα έργα 8 καναλιών: Moments of Liberty, I – IV, και τα τρία στερεοφωνικά έργα: Echo, the nymph of reflection και Once there was a forest, I και II. Το σύνολο αυτών των έργων αναδεικνύει τις συνθετικές, μουσικές και αφηγηματικές δυνατότητες αυτής της πρωτότυπης μεθόδου.Το συνοδευτικό κείμενο ξεκινά με μια σύντομη εισαγωγή στα κύρια επιστημονικά άρθρα που είναι σχετικά με την αφήγηση και τον αναφορικό ήχο στην ηλεκτροακουστική μουσική. Στη συνέχεια, ορίζει τον όρο δραματοποιημένη-παραστατική αφήγηση στην ηλεκτροακουστική μουσική και εν συνεχεία διατυπώνει μια σειρά από ερευνητικούς στόχους. Τέλος, συζητά τη μέθοδο αυτή καθαυτή και τη σχέση της με τη δραματοποιημένη-παραστατική αφήγηση, παραθέτοντας μια σύντομη ανάλυση για το κάθε ένα από τα έργα ηλεκτροακουστικής μουσικής που έχει δημιουργηθεί στο πλαίσιο της συγκεκριμένης έρευνας.
Acute renal colic / renal stones – problematic common disease. Current knowledge on etiology, diagnosis and treatments
Authors: Bakalarczyk Rafał , Rejmer Adrian , Woś Natalia , Rojek Katarzyna , Bednarz Lucjan , Wijas Karolina , Bialic Kinga , Szala-Czerwonka Karolina , Bialic Artur , Majewski Paweł 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
An attack of renal colic as a result of kidney stones is one of the most common urological emergencies, with a wide spectrum of severity that generates high morbidity and high health costs. However, there is no single pharmacological treatment regimen for its acute phase. Renal colic is described as one of the worst types of pain, and effective analgesia in the shortest possible time is of paramount importance
Aim of the study:
Summary of current knowledge on the treatment of Acute renal colic / renal stones. The main purpose of our work is to review and summarize the various recommended options for the treatment of acute renal colic attack and prevention of recurrent urolithiasis depending on the type of stones and also to price the efficacy and safety profile of various drugs used in this ailment and to propose a practical treatment regimen.
Material and methods:
We conducted a literature search in PubMed using the terms "acute renal colic," "renal colic treatment," "anti-inflammatory drugs," "renal stones," and "fluid therapy." The most relevant clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews published from January 1, 2017 to January 1, 2022 in English and Spanish were reviewed.
Results:
In various studies reviewed, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) show better pain control, with lower doses and fewer side effects than treatment with opioids. Complete cure in kidney stones is rare due to the frequent recurrence of the disease. Although acute attacks of renal colic are rare in the patients studied, many patients show improvement after taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Opioids and fluid therapy are reserved for subsequent lines of treatment and also have proven benefits in relieving symptoms.
The Role of Common Risk in the Effectiveness of Explicit Relative Performance Evaluation
Authors: Tice Frances M. 
Published: May 2023

I examine the effect of relative performance evaluation (RPE) on firm performance and risk-taking behavior. Agency theory suggests that, for firms that experience common shocks, RPE in executive compensation plans improves risk sharing and strengthens incentive alignment by providing more information about managerial effort than firm performance alone. In practice (i.e., in the presence of a finite number of peers), RPE effectiveness depends on the extent of firms’ common risk exposure and the amount of common risk captured by RPE peers. I develop a simple model that predicts that the benefit of using RPE exceeds the cost of adding noise from peers when the amount of common risk removed is large. Consistent with predictions, I find empirically that RPE firms perform better than similar non-RPE firms when there is high common risk exposure and the common risk removed by the selected peers is high. I also find that, in these circumstances, the use of RPE is associated with greater firm risk and a lower likelihood of underinvesting. Overall, my study provides evidence that RPE is associated with better risk sharing and stronger incentive alignment when (1) RPE firms are exposed to high common risk and (2) RPE peers are effective in removing common risk for performance evaluation. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting. Funding: F. M. Tice gratefully acknowledges financial support from Texas A&M University and the University of Colorado Boulder. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4764 .
Photonic-assisted generation of a frequency-octupled triangular waveform based on spectrum manipulation
Authors: Yuan Jin , Ying Mei , Liu Qisong , Liu Jinbo , Wang Yiming 
Published: May 2023

A new photonic approach for generating a triangular waveform with
octupled frequency, to the best of our knowledge, is presented. The
core principle is the frequency octupling technique based on two
cascaded dual-parallel Mach—Zehnder modulators(MZMs). A dual-electrode
MZM and a single-mode fiber are subsequently applied to manipulate the
signal spectrum to satisfy the characteristics of a triangular
waveform. By applying a 2 GHz radio frequency signal, a
full-duty-cycle triangular waveform with a repetition rate of
16 GHz is obtained. The high-frequency multiplying factor shows
great potential in generating a cost-effective waveform. Additionally,
the phase imbalance of a hybrid coupler and bias drift of the MZM have
been considered in our simulation, which further verify the
feasibility and stability of our proposal.
Applying a neoscore in locally advanced rectal cancer is beneficial in predicting local recurrences after surgery
Authors: Rayan Amal , Soliman Ahmed 
Published: May 2023

Background and aim
The current study was undertaken to provide more detailed prognostic models for early prediction of local recurrences and local recurrence free survival (RFS) using different radiologic and pathologic features of locally advanced rectal carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT).

Methods
One hundred patients with locally advanced rectal carcinomas decided to receive neoadjuvant CRT were retrospectively recruited, Hazard ratios (HR) were determined in the two cox regression models and only significant ratios were considered for pointing, Models were built to determine their important effects of different predictors including: pathologic T (T), pathologic N (N), grade (G), clinical stage (cTNM), site (S), perineural invasion (PNI), and response to CRT (R) on 3-year RFS, goodness of performance of each model was measured by Harrell’s C index.

Results
HR of 1st group of models: T+N, T+N+G, T+N+G+S, T+N+G+S+PNI, and T+N+G+S+PNI+R were summated and categorized into scores, these scores were significantly correlated with the risk of recurrence (Somer’s D = 0.5, p<0.0001) & Harrell’s C index = 0.751, (Somer’s D = 0.6, p<0.0001) & its Harrell’s C index = 0.794, (Somer’s D = 0.7, p<0.0001) & C index = 0.826, Somer’s D = 0.7, p<0.0001) & C index = 0.827, and (Somer’s D = 0.7, p<0.0001) & C index = 0.843 respectively. The 2nd group of models including: cTNM stage, cTNM+G, cTNM+G+S, cTNM+G+S+PNI, cTNM+G+S+PNI+R scores which were significantly correlated with the HR of LRR (Somer’s D = 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.6, & 0.6 respectively), (p = 0.006, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001 respectively), the corresponding Harrell’s C indices were 0.595, 0.743, 0.782, 0.795, & 0.813 respectively.

Conclusion
We propose that the addition of biologic factors to staging of rectal cancer provide precise stratification and association with local recurrences in patients received preoperative CRT.
Microscopic Colitis and Risk of Incident Acute Pancreatitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Bergman David , Roelstraete Bjorn , Olén Ola , Lindkvist Björn , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Several gastrointestinal diseases have been linked to acute pancreatitis, but the risk of acute pancreatitis in microscopic colitis (MC) has not been studied.

METHODS:
We conducted a nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study in Sweden of 12,140 patients with biopsy-verified MC (diagnosed in 2003–2017), 57,806 matched reference individuals, and 12,781 siblings without MC with a follow-up until 2021. Data on MC were obtained from all of Sweden's regional pathology registers (n = 28) through the ESPRESSO cohort. Data on acute pancreatitis were collected from the National Patient Register. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox regression.

RESULTS:
During a mean follow-up of 9.9 years (SD = 4.3), 146 patients with MC and 437 reference individuals were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis (127.8 vs 80.1 per 100,000 person-years), corresponding to an aHR of 1.57 (95% CI = 1.30–1.90). Moreover, we found a positive association between MC and acute nongallstone-related pancreatitis (aHR 1.99 [95% CI = 1.57–2.51]), but not with acute gallstone-related pancreatitis (aHR 1.08 [95% CI = 0.78–1.49]). Comparing patients with MC with their unaffected siblings yielded an aHR of 1.28 (95% CI = 0.92–1.78). The risk of acute pancreatitis remained elevated also for patients with MC with a follow-up exceeding 10 years (aHR 1.75 [95% CI = 1.14–2.67]).

DISCUSSION:
This nationwide study of more than 12,000 patients with MC demonstrated an increased risk of acute pancreatitis after MC. Hence, clinicians should have a low threshold for the evaluation of acute pancreatitis in patients with MC. In addition, these patients should receive advice and care aimed at reducing the risk of acute pancreatitis.
Peningkatkan Kompetensi Guru dalam Pembelajaran melalui Supervisi Klinis di MI Miftahul Ulum Sarang
Authors: Marini Marini 
Published: May 2023

Tujuan – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam pembelajaran melalui supervisi klinis dan menerapkan supervisi klinis untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pembelajaran guru MI Miftahul Ulum Sarang Bantul, D.I Yogyakarta.
Metode – Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan dengan menggunakan dua siklus setiap siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi dimana subjek dan objek penelitian ada sembilan guru yaitu enam guru kelas dan tiga guru bidang studi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, dan lembar wawancara. Adapun kreteria sebagai analisi data dan hasil tindakan adalah sebagai berikut: 91-100 berarti amat baik, 81- 90 berarti baik, 71-80 berarti cukup dan 61-70 berarti kurang.
Hasil – Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa guru memiliki kemampuan awal dengan kreteria rata-rata kurang, setelah diadakan perbaikan pada siklus pertama diperoleh hasil dengan rata-rata kreteria masih kurang namun setelah diadakan perbaikan dengan siklus dua pertemuan dua kali pertemuan rata – rata dari 79% menjadi 80% sedangkan rata-rata Siklus II dari 80,83 meningkat menjadi 83,33% dan semua guru mencapai kriteria baik sehingga dapat kita ambil simpulan bahwa supervisi klinis memperoleh hasil baik sekali.terdapat peningkatan kemampuan kompetensi guru dalam proses pembelajaran melalui supervisi klinis dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap kondisi awal sekolah yaitu terjadi peningkatan pada siklus dua pertemuan, dengan menggunakan supervisi klinis.
Menyekolahkan Anak di Pesantren: Antara Kepentingan Orang tua dan Anak dalam Perspektif Kesejahteraan Sosial
Authors: Solechah Siti , Muflihati Abidah , Irfai Muslim Muhammad , Noorkamilah  
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to find answers to the phenomenon of increasing interest among urban Muslim communities in sending their children to Islamic boarding schools. The phenomenon is intriguing because there is a tendency for this interest to be driven by pressure or influence from the current cultural trend of sending children to boarding schools. Meanwhile, boarding schools are educational institutions with a strong Islamic character that focus on instilling Islamic values in children. So, what motivates parents to send their children to boarding schools? Is it merely following the cultural trend, or is it an expression of religious consciousness? This paper presents the results of qualitative research based on various data sources (books and articles) that discuss the contributions of boarding schools to the national education system. To analyze this phenomenon, the constructive structuralism theory of Bourdieu is used, where parents' preference for sending their children to boarding schools can be understood from their habitus and capital. The research findings show that the cultural and economic capital possessed by parents significantly influences their tendency to send their children to boarding schools. Furthermore, the social structure of parents can also shape their preference for traditional or modern types of boarding schools
Keywords: ; Islamic boarding schools, urban Muslim, cultural trend,
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menemukan jawab atas adanya fenomena meningkatnya animo masyarakat muslim perkotaan dalam menyekolahkan anaknya ke pesantren. Fenomena menjadi menarik karena ada kecenderungan bahwa animo ini didasari oleh adanya tekanan atau pengaruh dari trend budaya masyarakat saat ini yang cenderung menyekolahkan anaknya ke pesantren. Sementara itu pesantren merupakan lembaga pendidikan bercorak ke-Islaman yang sangat kental dengan penanaman karakteristik anak berdasarkan pada nilai-nilai Islam. Maka apakah yang menjadi motif orang tua menyekolahkan anaknya ke pesantren? Sekedar mengikuti trend budaya, ataukah ekspresi kesadaran keberagamaan? Tulisan ini adalah hasil penelitian kualitatif terhadap sejumlah sumber data (karya), berupa buku dan artikel yang membahas hasil penelitian mengenai kontribusi pesantren untuk khasanah pendidikan nasional. Untuk membaca fenomena tersebut, digunakan teori strukturalisme konstruktif Bourdieu, dimana preferensi orang tua menyekolahkan anaknya ke pesantren dapat dilihat dari habitus dan kapital yang dimiliki oleh orang tua tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapital budaya dan ekonomi yang dimiliki orang tua sangat besar pengaruhnya terhadap kecenderungan orang tua menyekolahkan anaknya ke pesantren. Dilihat dari struktur sosial orang tua, juga dapat membentuk pola pilihan jenis pesantren, tradisional ataukah modern.
Kata Kunci: Muslim Perkotaan, Trend Budaya, Pesantren
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN TAMBAK BERDASARKAN PARAMETER FISIKA KIMIA PERAIRAN DI KELURAHAN TAMBAKHARJO KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Prasasti Lingga Dewi , Sulardiono Bambang , Jati Oktavianto Eko 
Published: May 2023

Kelurahan Tambakharjo merupakan daerah yang memiliki potensi besar budidaya tambak. Kesesuaian lahan merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan kegiatan budidaya tambak di wilayah pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesesuaian lahan tambak di Kelurahan Tambakharjo, Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April tahun 2021. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Data lapangan diperoleh secara langsung pada 4 stasiun pengamatan. Tujuh parameter kualitas air yang diukur, meliputi suhu, kecerahan, kedalaman, pH, salinitas, amonia, dan oksigen terlarut. Analisis kesesuaian perairan dilakukan dengan penentuan tingkat kesesuaian kemudian pembobotan dan perhitungan skor berdasarkan tingkat pengaruh dari tiap parameter sebagai faktor pembatas untuk budidaya tambak. Tingkat kesesuaian lahan dibagi ke dalam 4 (empat) kelas kesesuaian, yaitu sangat sesuai (S1), cukup sesuai (S2), sesuai bersyarat (S3), dan tidak sesuai (N). Hasil analisis kesesuaian perairan menunjukkan bahwa kawasan pertambakan ikan di Kelurahan Tambakharjo cukup sesuai untuk kegiatan perikanan budidaya.
Armonia Politica (1651) de António de Sousa de Macedo – speculum principum ao serviço da dinastia de Bragança
Authors: Działak-Szubińska Anna 
Published: May 2023

Resumo
O presente texto analisa a obra Armonia Politica (1651) de António de Sousa de Macedo (1606–1682). Descreve-se o contexto político-literário para depois se debruçar sobre specula principis como género tanto no contexto europeu como português. Finalmente, analisa-se a obra em questão, tendo-se em conta o seu conteúdo, as funções do género a que pertence e o contexto político em que surge. Insiste-se que a obra, além de servir de instrução ao Príncipe D. Teodósio, foi usada ao serviço da dinastia de Bragança lato sensu, i. e. inscreve-se no contexto político-literário do período pós-1640.