bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A feasibility study transplanting macrophages to a segmental nerve injury
Authors: Pan Deng , Schofield Jonathon Blake , Schellhardt Lauren , Snyder‐Warwick Alison K. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Li Xiaowei , Wood Matthew D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsPromoting regeneration after segmental nerve injury repair is a challenge, but improving angiogenesis could be beneficial. Macrophages facilitate regeneration after injury by promoting angiogenesis. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of transplanting exogenous macrophages to a segmental nerve injury.MethodsBone marrow–derived cells were harvested from donor mice and differentiated to macrophages (BMDM), then suspended within fibrin hydrogels to facilitate BMDM transplantation. BMDM survival was characterized in vitro. The effect of this BMDM fibrin hydrogel construct at a nerve injury site was assessed using a mouse sciatic nerve gap injury. Mice were equally distributed to “fibrin+Mφ” (fibrin hydrogels containing culture medium and BMDM) or “fibrin” hydrogel control (fibrin hydrogels containing culture medium alone) groups. Flow cytometry (n = 3/group/endpoint) and immunohistochemical analysis (n = 5/group/endpoint) of the nerve gap region were performed at days 3, 5, and 7 after repair.ResultsIncorporating macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) improved BMDM survival and expansion. Transplanted BMDM survived for at least 7 days in a nerve gap (~40% retained at day 3 and ~15% retained at day 7). From transplantation, macrophage quantities within the nerve gap were elevated when comparing fibrin+Mφ with fibrin control (~25% vs. 3% at day 3 and ~14% vs. 6% at day 7). Endothelial cells increased by about fivefold within the nerve gap, and axonal extension into the nerve gap increased almost twofold for fibrin+Mφ compared with fibrin control.DiscussionBMDM suspended within fibrin hydrogels at a nerve gap do not impair regeneration.
Preserving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease: The Alzheimer's disease neuroprotection research initiative (ADNRI)
Authors: Liu Jie , van Beusekom Heleen , Bu Xian‐Le , Chen Gong , Henrique Rosado de Castro Paulo , Chen Xiaochun , Chen Xiaowei , Clarkson Andrew N. , Farr Tracy D. , Fu Yuhong , Jia Jianping , Jolkkonen Jukka , Kim Woojin Scott , Korhonen Paula , Li Shen , Liang Yajie , Liu Guang‐Hui , Liu Guiyou , Liu Yu‐Hui , Malm Tarja , Mao Xiaobo , Oliveira Joaquim Miguel , Modo Mike M. , Ramos‐Cabrer Pedro , Ruscher Karsten , Song Weihong , Wang Jun , Wang Xuanyue , Wang Yun , Wu Haitao , Xiong Lize , Yang Yi , Ye Keqiang , Yu Jin‐Tai , Zhou Xin‐Fu , Zille Marietta , Masters Colin L. , Walczak Piotr , Boltze Johannes , Ji Xunming , Wang Yan‐Jiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe global trend toward aging populations has resulted in an increase in the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated socioeconomic burdens. Abnormal metabolism of amyloid‐β (Aβ) has been proposed as a significant pathomechanism in AD, supported by results of recent clinical trials using anti‐Aβ antibodies. Nonetheless, the cognitive benefits of the current treatments are limited. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, encompassing Aβ and tau accumulation, neuroinflammation, demyelination, vascular dysfunction, and comorbidities, which collectively lead to widespread neurodegeneration in the brain and cognitive impairment. Hence, solely removing Aβ from the brain may be insufficient to combat neurodegeneration and preserve cognition. To attain effective treatment for AD, it is necessary to (1) conduct extensive research on various mechanisms that cause neurodegeneration, including advances in neuroimaging techniques for earlier detection and a more precise characterization of molecular events at scales ranging from cellular to the full system level; (2) identify neuroprotective intervention targets against different neurodegeneration mechanisms; and (3) discover novel and optimal combinations of neuroprotective intervention strategies to maintain cognitive function in AD patients. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroprotection Research Initiative's objective is to facilitate coordinated, multidisciplinary efforts to develop systemic neuroprotective strategies to combat AD. The aim is to achieve mitigation of the full spectrum of pathological processes underlying AD, with the goal of halting or even reversing cognitive decline.
Element‐based coupling modeling of peridynamics and classical continuum mechanics for dynamic brittle fracture
Authors: Yu Yuechuan , Han Fei , Li Zhibin , Sun Yunhou , Mei Yong , Zhang Ao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, the hybrid peridynamic and classical continuum mechanical model based on the element‐type numerical discretization is used to study the dynamic fracture problem of brittle materials. The weak form of the motion equation for the hybrid model is derived by applying Hamilton's principle. An element‐based spatial discretization scheme is set up using the peridynamics‐based finite element method (PeriFEM) (Han and Li). The ‐convergence and m‐convergence of the hybrid model are analyzed to verify the numerical convergence and the mesh dependency. The influence of the area of the peridynamic model subdomain and the hybrid model subdomain on the calculation efficiency and accuracy is discussed. And the relationship between the crack propagation speed and the crack branching phenomenon is also investigated. Good agreements are obtained by comparing the crack path and the crack speed profile predicted by the hybrid model with those in the literature. Numerical results verify the ability and efficiency of the hybrid model for dynamic fracture problem.
Machine learning enhanced optimisation of crash box design for crashworthiness analysis
Authors: Borse Aditya , Gulakala Rutwik , Stoffel Marcus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe primary goal of the current study is to optimise crash box designs for automobiles. Machine learning (ML) techniques are used to build an intelligent and reliable ML framework. With the help of this framework, the crash box design can be optimised for crashworthiness analysis. The optimisation of the crash box design is resource‐intensive due to its intricate geometric design, use of a variety of materials, and extensive use of dynamic simulations to determine the ideal structural parameters through simulations. A reinforcement learning‐based (RL) optimization technique is developed for this reason. The crash box is built with nonlinear first‐order shear deformation shell elements to provide the necessary simulation data, and nonlinear elastoplastic material is used to model the dynamic impact process. The RL agents are tuned using finite element (FE) simulations and synthetic data generated by a generative adversarial network (GAN) to optimise and select the optimal model parameters for vehicle crashworthiness analysis. To estimate the correct model parameter required to fulfil specified crashworthiness metrics, the RL agent learns and optimises automatically. This method is effective in terms of resources and could be helpful in the early stages of vehicle development.
Modeling, simulation, and implementation of a superconducting magnetic bearing twisting system in a high‐speed ring spinning process
Authors: Perez‐Delgado Yves Jesus , Beitelschmidt Michael , Hossain Mahmud , Cherif Chokri , Abdkader Anwar , Baloochi Mostafa , Hühne Ruben 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe implementation of a Superconducting Magnetic Bearing (SMB) system is a promising solution for the problem of friction exhibited in the twisting elements of the conventional ring‐spinning process. This research focuses on the development of a dynamical model with six degrees of freedom of the Permanent Magnet (PM) ring used in an SMB system for a high‐speed ring spinning process. The modeling takes into account the magnetic forces and torques that enable the magnetic levitation of the PM ring. Experimental tests allow the identification of unknown parameters of the model and the validation is done through simulations.
Effect of nano‐silica on fatigue behavior of glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite laminates: A Weibull distribution approach
Authors: Gupta Akash , Singh Manjeet , Saini J. S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of nano‐silica in glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite (GFEC) subjected to static and fatigue loading. Laminates were prepared in compression molding machine followed by the tensile test and tension‐tension fatigue testing at five different stress levels (from 50% to 90% of ultimate tensile strength). The addition of 3 wt% of nano‐silica with epoxy improved the tensile and fatigue strength as compared to neat GFEC. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the fractured specimen showed the damage pattern which indicates that neat GFEC laminate exhibited damage patterns characterized by fiber breakage and matrix cracking. On the other hand, the modified GFEC with nano‐silica showed damage patterns including fiber pullout accompanied by fiber breakage and matrix cracking. During cyclic loading, the stress–strain hysteresis loop shows a reduced slope, indicating a decrease in the dynamic modulus of the specimen. This reduction in slope signifies a loss of stiffness during cyclic loading, particularly at high‐stress levels. The highest dynamic modulus at high‐stress levels indicates a rapid progression of severe damage and a shorter fatigue life. On the other hand, at low‐stress levels, the lower magnitude of dynamic modulus suggests a moderate damage progression and a longer fatigue life.Highlights
Effect of nano‐silica in GFEC under static and fatigue loading conditions.
GFEC with 3 wt% of nano‐silica shows improved tensile and fatigue strength.
Examination of damage patterns through SEM analysis of the fractured surface.
Depiction of the failure modes using damage pattern under fatigue loading.
Comparison of fatigue life and dynamic modulus for neat and modified GFEC.
Recent advances in structural design of conductive polymer composites for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Zheng Shufang , Wang Yuyin , Zhu Yifan , Zheng Chenxiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe proliferation of electronic devices and wireless communication in our daily lives has led to a significant increase in electromagnetic pollution. This issue poses a serious threat to the proper functioning of electronic equipment as well as human health. Therefore, the investigation of materials with superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities has garnered growing interest. In this paper, the mechanisms of EMI shielding were first introduced briefly. It was noted that the development of advanced EMI shielding materials involved adhering to principles such as minimizing reflection loss, enhancing absorption loss, and incorporating multiple internal reflections. The construction and shielding properties of traditional EMI shielding materials were introduced. Unlike metal materials with high densities and reflection loss, lightweight conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have been the most promising EMI shielding materials. Meanwhile, carbon‐based nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets, along with two‐dimensional transition metal carbonitrides MXenes Ti3C2Tx, have emerged as the most promising and versatile conductive nanofillers for CPCs. The EMI shielding performance and loss mechanism of CPCs with homogeneous structure, segregated structure, laminated structure, and porous structure were introduced in detail. It was noted that the EMI shielding performance could be significantly improved by incorporating multiple structures into the same CPCs, such as a rational combination of segregated and porous structures. Finally, the challenges and development trends of CPCs for EMI shielding applications were discussed.Highlights
Mechanisms of EMI shielding were introduced from aspect of energy dissipation.
Structure–property of traditional EMI shielding materials was described.
EMI shielding performance of CPCs with different structures was summarized.
Future challenges and growing trends of CPCs for EMI shielding were discussed.
Absorption‐dominated loss and multiple structure design were emphasized.
Influence of stacking sequence and halloysite addition on the fracture toughness and low‐velocity impact strength of carbon/glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites
Authors: Nagaraja K. C. , Rajeshkumar G. , Sanjay M. R. , Siengchin Suchart 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to produce bidirectional woven carbon/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites and to assess their fracture toughness (FT) and low‐velocity impact strength. The composites were produced for the study by changing the stacking order of fiber layers using a vacuum assisted resin infusion process. In addition, the consequence of halloysite nano‐clay addition on the above properties were explored. The outcomes disclosed that the arrangement of fiber layer notably influences the FT and low‐velocity impact strength of the composites. Particularly, the addition of more carbon fiber layers played a key role in enhancing the FT of hybrid composites, while a reverse trend was observed for low‐velocity impact strength of composites due to the elastic nature of glass fibers, which absorbs more energy through global deformation. Additionally, the incorporation of halloysites enhanced the FT and impact strength of hybrid composites due to increased interfacial adhesion between composite elements. In addition, morphological analysis was conducted to evaluate the damage morphologies and failure mechanisms of tested laminates, which offers crucial information for the structural design of these laminates as well as for the enhancement of their performance.Highlights
Fracture toughness and impact strength of hybrid composites were investigated.
Arranging carbon fibers on the extreme layers enhanced the fracture toughness.
Glass fiber used in hybrid composite supports to increase their impact strength.
Addition of halloysite improved the overall performance of hybrid composites.
Application of quantitative risk analysis to fireproofing
Authors: Marx Jeffrey D. , Ishii Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOne of the core elements of fire protection for petrochemical processing plants is the consideration of passive fire protection (PFP). This general category, often referred to as fireproofing, is addressed in the American Petroleum Institute (API)‐recommended practice (RP) 2218. This RP provides guidelines for the selection and application of fireproofing with what is mostly a qualitative risk assessment approach. The logic focuses on predicting pool fires based on rough characterizations of system properties combined with equipment layout. Although pool fire impacts are often localized, jet fires can affect larger areas. API RP 2218 addresses jet fires in an appendix because of their unpredictable nature, leaving pool fire exposures as the default basis for structural fireproofing. To properly account for both fire types, fire exposure can be evaluated with quantitative risk analysis (QRA) tools that incorporate both jet and pool fire impacts for a wide variety of accident scenarios, weather conditions, and release orientations. By evaluating the thermal radiation impacts of fires in relation to the vulnerability of steel structural elements, a QRA‐based approach to placement of PFP can be achieved. This approach has the benefit of applying PFP where it is needed the most, to best protect a company's infrastructure.
Polygamy Relation of Quantum Correlations with Equality
Authors: Jin Zhi‐Xiang , Yu Bing , Zhu Xue‐Na , Fei Shao‐Ming , Qiao Cong‐Feng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study provides a generalized definition of polygamy relations for any quantum correlation measures. Instead of the usual polygamy inequality, a polygamy relation with equality is given by introducing the polygamy weight. From the polygamy relation with equality, it presents polygamy inequalities satisfied by the βth power of the quantum correlation measures. Taking concurrence of assistance as an example, it further illustrates the significance and advantages of these relations. It also obtains a polygamy relation with equality by considering the one‐to‐group entanglements for any quantum entanglement measures that do not satisfy the polygamy relations. It demonstrates that such relations for tripartite states can be generalized to multipartite systems.
Performance‐adjustable PPC policies for spacecraft attitude‐orbit coupled tracking under event‐triggered sampling
Authors: Niu Zhaoxiang , Dai Ming‐Zhe , Gao Junyang , Wei Caisheng , Zhang Chengxi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates a performance‐adjustable prescribed performance control (PPC) policy under event‐triggered sampling for spacecraft attitude‐orbit coupled tracking with consideration of limited communications and performance constraints. Firstly, a logarithmic barrier Lyapunov function is introduced to derive the attitude‐orbit coupled tracking controller with guaranteed transient and steady‐state behaviors by applying the PPC algorithm. Then, to reduce the burden of the signal transmission under limited communications, the event‐triggered mechanism is applied to determine when the above attitude‐orbit coupled tracking controller updates. Furthermore, an indirect adaptive method with less computation that does not involve complex regression matrices or neural networks is designed to resist external disturbances. Compared with the traditional spacecraft control policies, the proposed strategy fully considers the state convergence performance, sampling performance, and calculation performance. The proposed one here can arbitrarily adjust the sampling performance and state convergence performance in an excellent trade‐off. Finally, a group of illustrative examples is organized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control policy.
Expansive, positive changes to fish habitat diversity following the formation of a valley plug in a degraded desert river
Authors: Remiszewski Tansy T. , Budy Phaedra , Macfarlane William W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWidespread hydrologic alterations have simplified in‐stream habitats in rivers globally, driving population declines and extirpations of many native fishes. Here, we examine how rapid geomorphic change in a historically degraded desert river has influenced habitat diversification and ecosystem persistence. In 2010, a large reach of the degraded and simplified lower San Rafael River (SRR), Utah, was impacted by the formation of a valley plug and began to shift from a homogenous, single‐thread channel to a complex, multi‐threaded riverscape. We combined field measurements and drone‐collected imagery to document changes in fish habitat due to the valley plug. Our results demonstrate that in 2021, the affected reach was more diverse than any other stream reach along the SRR, containing 641% more diverse habitat (e.g., pools, riffles, and backwaters) than what was measured in 2015. The plug reach also retained water for periods beyond what was expected during seasonal drying, with the total extent of inundation within the riverscape increasing by over 2800%. Since the formation of the valley plug, riparian habitat has increased by 230% and channel networks have expanded to more than 50 distinct channels throughout the zone of influence. Our results provide evidence of successful self‐restoration in a formerly highly degraded reach of desert river, and encourage new methods of desert river restoration. We aim to inform the use of large‐scale, disruptive restoration actions like intentional channel occlusions, with the goal of mitigating the impacts of simplification and increasing habitat persistence in the face of exacerbated aridity in the desert Southwest.
Univariate exploratory data analysis of satellite telemetry
Authors: Praveen Mv Ramachandra , Choudhury Sushabhan , Kuchhal Piyush , Singh Rajesh , Pandey Purnendu Shekhar , Galletta Antonino 
Published: September 2023

SummaryLarge low Earth orbit satellite constellations require machine learning methods for enabling autonomy in health keeping of the satellites. Autonomy in health keeping entail's fault detection, isolation and reconfiguration. However, prior to model building, it becomes imperative to conduct exploratory data analysis of the data to gain an intuition of data and to decide the best model. Univariate exploratory data analysis has been carried out on a BUS CURRENT sensor of electrical power system of a low Earth orbit satellite to gain an understanding of data. Various aspects of data like presence of outliers, sampling frequency, missing values, comparison of imputation methods to fill missing values seasonality and trend analysis, stationarity test on data, rolling mean and autocorrelation and partial auto correlation plots have been made, and a detailed statistical analysis of results has been conducted.
Computer‐Assisted Identification of Inhibitor with Novel Pharmacophore Targeting First Kringle Domain of Hepatocyte Growth Factor
Authors: Taira Junichi , Yamaguchi Miho , Tashiro Anju , Kida Asuka , Suzuki Ko , Sakai Katsuya , Matsumoto Kunio , Aoki Shunsuke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) participates in multiple biological and pathogenic processes, such as liver regeneration, wound healing, and tumor metastasis. These biological effects are initiated by its binding to Met, so it is anticipated that compounds that can disturb the HGF‐Met association could become novel modulating drugs targeting HGF and its related signaling. In this study, a chemical library composed of 154,118 compounds was screened by in silico structure‐based drug screening (SBDS) techniques to obtain HGF‐targeting compound. X‐ray structural data of the N‐terminal and first kringle domains of HGF (PDBid: 5CS9) were analyzed using the binding energy of known inhibitors and false positive inhibitors. The top five candidate compounds, identified by the DOCK‐GOLD combined screening program, were subjected to cell‐based ELISA assay to confirm experimentally these inhibitory activity on Met activation. The present in silico SBDS study enabled identification of compound which inhibits HGF‐promoted Met phosphorylation (compound 2). The present study also suggested that Trp188/Tyr198 in HGF are essential for compound 2 binding as well as Met activation.
Strategies for Advanced Supercapacitors Based on 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: From Material Design to Device Setup
Authors: Song Zhifan , Wang Zumin , Yu Ranbo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, the development of new materials and devices has become the main research focus in the field of energy. Supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted significant attention due to their high power density, fast charge/discharge rate, and excellent cycling stability. With a lamellar structure, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) emerge as electrode materials for SCs. Although many 2D TMDs with excellent energy storage capability have been reported, further optimization of electrode materials and devices is still needed for competitive electrochemical performance. Previous reviews have focused on the performance of 2D TMDs as electrode materials in SCs, especially on their modification. Herein, the effects of element doping, morphology, structure and phase, composite, hybrid configuration, and electrolyte are emphatically discussed on the overall performance of 2D TMDs‐based SCs from the perspective of device optimization. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of 2D TMDs‐based SCs in the field are highlighted, and personal perspectives on methods and ideas for high‐performance energy storage devices are provided.