bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous Carbons Prepared from Polyacrylonitrile Doped with Graphitic Carbon Nitride or Melamine for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Fu Xuedong , Li Ruijie , Yan Shengguo , Yuan Weiyong , Zhang Yonggang , Sun Wei , Wang Xuefei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMelamine and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) obtained by thermal condensation of melamine were doped in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) films. Nitrogen‐doped porous carbons were then prepared by pyrolysis of the composite films. Though all the porous carbons had a high nitrogen content of at least 10 %, g‐C3N4 was more efficient than melamine in nitrogen doping. The nitrogen content was elevated with the increase of the amount of each dopant, the highest value of 19.0 % was achieved by g‐3 (porous carbon obtained from the PAN/g‐C3N4 composite film with a mass ratio of 3). Amongst the nitrogen functionalities, pyridinic‐N and pyrrolic‐N held a percentage of at least 80 %. Compared with the carbon materials obtained from melamine doped PAN films, those from g‐C3N4 doped ones exhibited larger surface area and average pore size, and higher pore volume. The difference mainly resulted from the thermostability and size of the dopants. The g‐C3N4 doped materials thus presented more excellent electrochemical properties. The specific capacitance of g‐3 electrode was 135.3 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. Rather than melamine, g‐C3N4 could improve the chemical composition and textural properties of the carbon materials, thus enhancing their supercapacitor performance.
GO‐TiO2 Nanocomposite: An Efficient Catalyst for the Conventional and Ultrasonically Mediated Multicomponent Synthesis of 2, 4, 5‐Trisubstituted Imidazole Derivatives**
Authors: Samal Kanyanjali , Swain Manas Ranjan , Pati Anita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA flexible, reliable, and effective method for the synthesis of a wide variety of highly functionalized 2, 4, 5‐trisubstituted imidazole derivatives are reported. It involves a one‐pot, multicomponent process using a variety of aldehydes, ammonium acetate, and benzil /benzoin in the presence of non‐toxic, readily accessible, affordable, reusable and unexplored catalysts, GO‐TiO2. This one‐pot synthesis method has numerous benefits, including benign reaction conditions, a quick reaction time, low catalyst loading, efficient productivity with better atom economy and functional group tolerance, which makes this methodology realistic. TiO2 is known for its excellent catalytic activity for many organic reactions, however GO‐TiO2 nanocomposite is yet to be explored in the field of heterocyclic synthesis. In the present work GO‐TiO2 nanocomposite has been introduced as a catalyst for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives and among the TiO2 and GO‐TiO2 catalysts, GO‐TiO2 exhibited better catalytic efficiency and provided great substrate scope with α‐hydroxy ketone (benzoin) as well as 1, 2‐diketone (benzil). Both the conventional method as well as ultrasonically mediated method has been adopted to find out the best possible methodology for the synthesis of 2, 4, 5‐trisubstituted imidazole derivatives.
Adsorption Characteristics of Water Ciprofloxacin on Co‐Pyrolysis Biochar Derived from Rubber and Ginkgo Biloba Leaves
Authors: Zhang Penghui , Li Yanchun , Qi Huili , Li Xiaoju 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTaking rubber and ginkgo biloba leaves as raw materials (the mass ratio is 5 : 2), this study prepared biochar by co‐pyrolysis at 700–900 °C and explored its adsorption performance on the emerging water pollutant ciprofloxacin. The pyrolysis behaviors of rubber, ginkgo biloba leaves, and their mixture were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of the co‐pyrolysis biochar prepared in this study were probed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) and element analysis. Meanwhile, the internal mechanism of prepared co‐pyrolysis biochar adsorbing ciprofloxacin was investigated using adsorption kinetics models and isotherm adsorption models. The results show that there is a synergistic effect between rubber and ginkgo biloba leaves during the co‐pyrolysis process. Due to the addition of ginkgo biloba leaves, the maximum mass loss rate of rubber reduces from −5.80 %/min to −4.98 %/min, the corresponding pyrolysis temperature decreases from 335.11 °C to 319.57 °C, and the calculated thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermogram (DTG) curves after mixing the two raw materials deviate from the experimental curves. As the pyrolysis temperature increases from 700 °C to 900 °C, the yields of biochars decrease from 28.62 % to 19.21 %, while the specific surface area significantly increases (337.5042 m2/g). The processes of co‐pyrolysis biochars prepared at different temperatures absorbing ciprofloxacin conform to the pseudo‐second‐order model (R2=0.9847, 0.9404 and 0.9772, respectively). The Langmuir‐Freundlich model describes the isotherm adsorption behaviors of co‐pyrolysis biochars prepared at different temperatures on ciprofloxacin excellently (R2=0.9976, 0.9995 and 0.9993). The co‐pyrolysis biochar prepared at 900 °C has the highest adsorption capacity for ciprofloxacin, 306.6 mg/g. This study provides an essential reference for the application of co‐pyrolysis biochar of low‐cost and environment‐friendly in the removal of water pollutants.
A Facile Synthetic Approach for Zn2TiO4@NiCo2O4 Core‐Shell Nanoparticles Using Layered Double Hydroxide Precursors and Studies on Their Peroxidase‐Like Activity
Authors: Rana Pankaj , Jeevanandam Pethaiyan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the present work, a facile synthetic approach has been developed for Zn2TiO4@NiCo2O4 core‐shell nanoparticles (NPs) using layered double hydroxide (LDH) as precursors. The Zn2TiO4 microspheres (ZTS) constitute the core and the shell consists of NiCo2O4 nanoparticles. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results confirm presence of both Zn2TiO4 and NiCo2O4 phases in Zn2TiO4@NiCo2O4 core‐shell nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses indicate formation of hierarchical porous shell structure of NiCo2O4 with varying thickness (132±20 nm to 171±35 nm) on the Zn2TiO4 spheres. Optical studies indicate bandgap of ~2.2 eV corresponding to NiCo2O4 nanoparticles in the Zn2TiO4@NiCo2O4 core‐shell nanoparticles. The Zn2TiO4@NiCo2O4 core‐shell nanoparticles possess high surface area (124 m2/g to 160 m2/g) as measured from Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) analysis. Magnetic studies of Zn2TiO4@NiCo2O4 core‐shell nanoparticles indicate soft ferromagnetic and hard ferromagnetic behavior at 300 K and 5 K, respectively. The Zn2TiO4@NiCo2O4 core‐shell nanoparticles act as nanozyme and they exhibit better peroxidase‐like activity as compared to pure NiCo2O4 NPs and natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
CuCl2‐Catalyzed one‐step protocol for the synthesis of novel propargylamine analogs under ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Moghadam Fatemeh Azmian , Mokhtary Masoud 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, twenty new polysubstituted propargylamine analogs were produced in good to excellent yields via one‐step reaction of alkynes, aromatic aldehydes, and cyclic secondary amines using CuCl2 in DMF under ultrasound irradiation at 80 °C. Twelve compounds having both quinazoline building block and propargylamine scaffolds were synthesized.
An Enzymatic Biosensor Based on MgO Nanoparticles Grafted on Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoflakes for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Phenolic Compounds from Wastewater
Authors: Verma Sakshi , Mouli Pandey Chandra , Kumar Devendra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the present work, an enzymatic biosensor has been fabricated using reduced graphene‐magnesium oxide nanoflakes (rGO‐MgONf). For the fabrication of the bioelectrode, the synthesized rGO‐MgONf were electrophoretically deposited onto indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate, followed by the covalent immobilization of the Laccase (lac) enzyme. Electrochemical studies show an enhanced diffusion coefficient (10.29×10−12 cm2 s−1), and exchange current per geometric unit area (3.66 μA cm−2) on using the rGO‐MgONf/ITO electrode compared to the GO/ITO and MgO/ITO electrode. Further, the fabricated biosensor (lac/rGO‐MgONf/ITO) displayed excellent performance towards hydroquinone (Hq) detection, with a low limit of detection (0.15 μM), wide linear range (1.0–100.0 μM), and high sensitivity (10.0 μA μM−1 cm−2). The selectivity study suggests that the fabricated biosensor efficiently detects Hq in wastewater. Additionally, the fabricated biosensor shows good stability and reproducibility for detecting Hq in tap and river water with an excellent recovery rate.
2D Coordination Polymers Based on Isoquinoline‐5‐Carboxylate and Cu(II)
Authors: Maffeis Mattia , Draghi Lorenza , Cametti Massimo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBy combining isoquinoline‐5‐carboxilic acid with Cu(II) ions under several different conditions, we were able to obtain novel metallorganic materials, among which two 2D coordination polymers, CP 1 and CP 2 which were also characterized by SC‐XRD. Ratio of solvents (EtOH : DMF) in the mixture employed during their synthesis has a marked effect in selecting the formation of one species or the other, which basically differ in the coordination at the Cu(II) center due to k1/k2 denticity of the carboxylate ligands.
Cross‐Coupling Reactions between Arenediazonium o‐Benzenedisulfonimides and Organolithium Reagents in a Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Antenucci Achille , Dughera Stefano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on glycerol and KF is successfully exploited as a solvent medium in cross‐coupling reactions between arenediazonium o‐benzenedisulfonimides and organolithium reagents (Muharashi‐Feringa coupling). The reactions were carried out in open air and in mild conditions. The target products were obtained in fairly good yield (15 examples; average yield: 60 %). This is, on the best of our knowledge, the first example of Muharashi‐Feringa coupling carried out with diazonium salts. A tentative hypothesis of the reaction mechanism was also proposed.
Aflibercept Loaded Eye‐Drop Hydrogel Mediated with Cell‐Penetrating Peptide for Corneal Neovascularization Treatment
Authors: Zhou Jianan , Cai Yuting , Li Tingting , Zhou Haixiang , Dong Huilei , Wu Xia , Li Zenghui , Wang Wenjie , Yuan Dan , Li Yun , Shi Junfeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCorneal neovascularization (CoNV) is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. Currently, available treatment options have limited efficacy and are associated with adverse effects due to biological barriers and clearance mechanisms. To address this challenge, a novel topical delivery system is developed—Gel 2_1&Eylea—an aflibercept‐loaded eye‐drop hydrogel mediated with cell‐penetrating peptide 1. Gel 2_1&Eylea demonstrates superior membrane permeability, increased stability, and prolonged drug retention time on the ocular surface, and thus may improve drug efficacy. In a rabbit CoNV model, Gel 2_1&Eylea significantly reduces the density of neovascularization with no adverse effects on normal corneoscleral limbal vessels, demonstrating high efficacy and biocompatibility. This work identifies a promising treatment for CoNV which has the potential to benefit other ocular neovascular diseases.
Luminescence‐Based Infrared Thermal Sensors: Comprehensive Insights
Authors: Fahad Shah , Li Song , Zhai Yufei , Zhao Cong , Pikramenou Zoe , Wang Min 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent chronological breakthroughs in materials innovation, their fabrication, and structural designs for disparate applications have paved transformational ways to subversively digitalize infrared (IR) thermal imaging sensors from traditional to smart. The noninvasive IR thermal imaging sensors are at the cutting edge of developments, exploiting the abilities of nanomaterials to acquire arbitrary, targeted, and tunable responses suitable for integration with host materials and devices, intimately disintegrate variegated signals from the target onto depiction without any discomfort, eliminating motional artifacts and collects precise physiological and physiochemical information in natural contexts. Highlighting several typical examples from recent literature, this review article summarizes an accessible, critical, and authoritative summary of an emerging class of advancement in the modalities of nano and micro‐scale materials and devices, their fabrication designs and applications in infrared thermal sensors. Introduction is begun covering the importance of IR sensors, followed by a survey on sensing capabilities of various nano and micro structural materials, their design architects, and then culminating an overview of their diverse application swaths. The review concludes with a stimulating frontier debate on the opportunities, difficulties, and future approaches in the vibrant sector of infrared thermal imaging sensors.
Preload‐Induced Switchable Adhesion
Authors: Tu Chongwen , Ji Keju , Zhao Jiahui , Wang Xipeng , Wu Jianming , Huo Tingwei , Ji Yuanming , Chen Jian , Deng Kai , Dai Zhendong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnimals with robust attachment abilities commonly exhibit stable attachment and convenient detachment. However, achieving an efficient attachment–detachment function in bioinspired adhesives is challenging owing to the complexity and delay of actuators. In this study, a class of multilayer adhesives (MAs) comprising backing, middle, and bottom layers is proposed to realize rapid switching by only adjusting the preload. At low preload, the MAs maintain intimate contact with the substrate. By contrast, a sufficiently large preload results in significant deformation of the middle layer, causing underside buckling and reducing adhesion. By optimizing the structural parameters of the MAs, a high switching ratio (up to 136×) can be achieved under different preloads. Furthermore, the design of the MAs incorporates a film‐terminated structure, which prevents the embedding of dirt particles, simplifies cleaning, and maintains the separation and uprightness of the microstructures. Consequently, the MAs demonstrate practical potential for simple and efficient transportation applications, as they achieve switchable adhesion through their structure, exhibiting a high switching ratio and fast switching.
Model‐based standards authoring: ISO 15288 as a case in point
Authors: Dori Dov 
Published: September 2023

AbstractISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 is one of the most fundamental systems engineering international standards. In this work, the major system lifecycle processes specified in 15288 and, equally importantly, the objects interacting through them, are modeled meticulously using OPM ISO 19450. The conceptual model, based on this standard's text, reflects the implied authors’ intent, bringing up ambiguities that arise from the informality of natural language text and reference to related figures. The resulting OPM model is an exact, formal, and detailed expression of the processes and related objects in the first part of 15288, making it machine interpretable. The gaps discovered during the modeling process are testimony to the value of the model‐based standards authoring approach and the centrality of a formal yet humanly accessible model as the underlying backbone of international standards and key technical documents in general.
Multifield positivity bounds for inflation
Authors: Freytsis Marat , Kumar Soubhik , Remmen Grant N. , Rodd Nicholas L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Positivity bounds represent nontrivial limitations on effective field theories (EFTs) if those EFTs are to be completed into a Lorentz-invariant, causal, local, and unitary framework. While such positivity bounds have been applied in a wide array of physical contexts to obtain useful constraints, their application to inflationary EFTs is subtle since Lorentz invariance is spontaneously broken during cosmic inflation. One path forward is to employ a Breit parameterization to ensure a crossing-symmetric and analytic S-matrix in theories with broken boosts. We extend this approach to a theory with multiple fields, and uncover a fundamental obstruction that arises unless all fields obey a dispersion relation that is approximately lightlike. We then apply the formalism to various classes of inflationary EFTs, with and without isocurvature perturbations, and employ this parameterization to derive new positivity bounds on such EFTs. For multifield inflation, we also consider bounds originating from the generalized optical theorem and demonstrate how these can give rise to stronger constraints on EFTs compared to constraints from traditional elastic positivity bounds alone. We compute various shapes of non-Gaussianity (NG), involving both adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations, and show how the observational parameter space controlling the strength of NG can be constrained by our bounds.
Feynman integrals from positivity constraints
Authors: Zeng Mao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We explore inequality constraints as a new tool for numerically evaluating Feynman integrals. A convergent Feynman integral is non-negative if the integrand is non-negative in either loop momentum space or Feynman parameter space. Applying various identities, all such integrals can be reduced to linear sums of a small set of master integrals, leading to infinitely many linear constraints on the values of the master integrals. The constraints can be solved as a semidefinite programming problem in mathematical optimization, producing rigorous two-sided bounds for the integrals which are observed to converge rapidly as more constraints are included, enabling high-precision determination of the integrals. Positivity constraints can also be formulated for the ϵ expansion terms in dimensional regularization and reveal hidden consistency relations between terms at different orders in ϵ. We introduce the main methods using one-loop bubble integrals, then present a nontrivial example of three-loop banana integrals with unequal masses, where 11 top-level master integrals are evaluated to high precision.
The proper interplay between the expression of Spo11 splice isoforms and the structure of the pseudoautosomal region promotes XY chromosomes recombination
Authors: Giannattasio Teresa , Testa Erika , Faieta Monica , Lampitto Matteo , Nardozi Daniela , di Cecca Stefano , Russo Antonella , Barchi Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractXY chromosome missegregation is relatively common in humans and can lead to sterility or the generation of aneuploid spermatozoa. A leading cause of XY missegregation in mammals is the lack of formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR), a defect that may occur in mice due to faulty expression of Spo11 splice isoforms. Using a knock-in (ki) mouse that expresses only the single Spo11β splice isoform, here we demonstrate that by varying the genetic background of mice, the length of chromatin loops extending from the PAR axis and the XY recombination proficiency varies. In spermatocytes of C57Spo11βki/− mice, in which loops are relatively short, recombination/synapsis between XY is fairly normal. In contrast, in cells of C57/129Spo11βki/− males where PAR loops are relatively long, formation of DSBs in the PAR (more frequently the Y-PAR) and XY synapsis fails at a high rate, and mice produce sperm with sex-chromosomal aneuploidy. However, if the entire set of Spo11 splicing isoforms is expressed by a wild type allele in the C57/129 background, XY recombination and synapsis is recovered. By generating a Spo11αki mouse model, we prove that concomitant expression of SPO11β and SPO11α isoforms, boosts DSB formation in the PAR. Based on these findings, we propose that SPO11 splice isoforms cooperate functionally in promoting recombination in the PAR, constraining XY asynapsis defects that may arise due to differences in the conformation of the PAR between mouse strains.
Molecular evidence and environmental niche evolution at the origin of the disjunct distribution in three mountain endemic Tephroseris (Asteraceae) of the Mediterranean basin
Authors: Adamo Martino , Skokanová Katarina , Bobo-Pinilla Javier , Giaccone Elisa , Peñas de Giles Julio , Mucciarelli Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudies on the origin and evolutionary history of closely related plants help to understand patterns of diversity of the mountain flora in addition to providing the basis for their identification. The genus Tephroseris includes three endemic taxa with small and disjoint distributions in the high mountains of the Iberian Peninsula and on the Maritime Alps. Tephroseris balbisiana is native to the Southwestern Alps, Tephroseris elodes to Sierra Nevada, and Tephroseris coincyi to Sierra de Gredos. These taxa have been treated under different combinations of species or subspecies due to limited morphological differentiation, but comprehensive studies have not been published so far. By combining information from phylogeny, molecular dating and genome size, we demonstrated the taxonomic distinctiveness between T. balbisiana and the two Iberian taxa. Although the lack of variability in plastid DNA hampered the precise estimation of the diversification events, some of the recovered patterns suggested a recent divergence of T. balbisiana, T. elodes and T. coincyi dating back to the Pleistocene (0.5–2.8 Mya). However, niche modeling supported a geographical overlap between the three taxa during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Moreover, the fragmentation of their ancient larger distribution range, particularly in the lower elevations of the Iberian Peninsula, and migration to glacial refuges in the south-western Alps, provide the most plausible explanations for the current disjoint distribution within the Mediterranean mountains. Furthermore, based on the evidence we gathered, we inferred that the alpine T. balbisiana, as well as the Iberian taxa, should be considered as three distinct subspecies.
The effect of initialisation on 20 year multi-decadal climate predictions
Authors: Düsterhus André , Brune Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study investigates initialised decadal predictions of 2-m air temperature over lead times of up to 20 years and compares them against uninitialised simulations in the time period 1960–2019. We demonstrate that in the North and South Atlantic, as well as in the Northeast Pacific, the effect of initialisation within the prediction persists for longer than 10 lead years. In these regions, the skill of the initialised decadal predictions does not necessarily regress back to the skill of the uninitialised simulations, which is indeed the case for other regions. We analyse the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and show that within the first 10 years after initialisation, it drifts towards a state, which is different from both the initial state and the state of the uninitialised simulations. We show that the AMOC stays within this new state for at least another 10 years. We find that in our decadal predictions, the correct determination of future external forcings plays an important role on the global scale, while correct initialisation increases prediction skill on the regional scale.