bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Explanatory Validity of Proxies of Frequency in Heritage Language Acquisition Research
Authors: Thane Patrick 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Use and activation of the heritage language (HL) are essential for its maintenance, and the frequency of individual words affects heritage speakers’ (HS) morphological knowledge. However, some studies have used participants’ ratings of frequency of words and proficiency as proxies for frequency of use and activation. Regarding lexical frequency, some studies have relied on language corpora, while others have used participants’ self-ratings. This study explores the relationships between these variables, comparing 53 Spanish HS’ frequency of HL use with their self-ratings of thirty verbs, proficiency, and age of onset of bilingualism. Self-ratings correlated weakly with frequency of use while proficiency and age of onset did not, but the rankings of verbs according to participants’ self-ratings correlated with those from three corpora. Therefore, proficiency and age of onset may not be ideal proxies for activation, but the two techniques used to measure lexical frequency show a robust relationship with each other.
Lack-of-Corruption Goes with Liberal–Egalitarian Features of Democracy
Authors: Kask Peet , Nahkur Oliver , Taagepera Rein 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aims at ferreting out a sparse subset, among the many democracy indicators, that best predicts lack-of-corruption (LoC). Two factors enable the authors to improve on previous research. First, the Varieties of Democracy (VD) data have become available over an extended time span, involving an unprecedented number of separate indicators. Second, the authors apply previously neglected methods, such as Gaussian standardization and measures to avoid overfitting. They also reduce random error on the LoC side by using the mean of two separate indices, VD and Transparency International, that correlate with R2 = 0.81. This results in an optimal set of 11 democracy indicators that predict the mean LoC with R2 = 0.87, close to what one could ideally expect to achieve. Among the five main categories VD distinguishes, the indicators that predict lack-of-corruption are mainly part of Liberal and Egalitarian Democracy, with lesser incidence of Electoral Democracy. This leaves out Participatory, and Deliberative Democracy.
Body as Text/Text as Body: Embodied Knowledge Transmission in Sixteenth Century Morocco
Authors: Spragins Elizabeth 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The stories told about the battle of Wādī al-Makhāzin (August 4, 1578) reveal a major crisis of information for all involved in the event. At the very center of that epistemological crisis were the three warring kings. Even as new leadership gradually wrested the Western Mediterranean out of chaos, there remained a nagging sense that the knowable rested on shaky footing. This article explores one way in which a Maghrebi chronicler of this event contemplates the difficulty of protecting and transmitting reliable knowledge in a broad Mediterranean context. Ultimately, he promotes a theory for the conservation and transmission of knowledge reliant upon the functional interaction of enlightened leadership and information incorporated within situated human bodies.
The Danish Rigsfællesskab
Authors: Lorenzo Villaverde José María 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Danish Realm or Rigsfællesskab is a decentralised state in which the Faroe Islands and Greenland each count with a home-rule, holding the executive and legislative power over transferred matters. The paper discusses several issues concerning this decentralised legal framework and its functioning. In spite of what is stated in the home-rule arrangements about equality between parties, there is a dominant position of Danish authorities and Danish law. ‘Danish central authorities’ (Rigsmyndigheder) do not exist strictly speaking since the Danish authorities act as authorities for both Denmark proper and the Danish Realm. The mechanism for solving conflicts of competences is also questioned as non-functional, potentially reinforcing inequality and uncertainty. A territorial limit to Greenlandic/Faroese laws is of little use when the criterion for application of the laws is personal, not territorial. Finally, it is argued that the bilateral nature of the home-rule arrangements is not suitable for a three-part decentralised state in which all involved laws are lex fori.
A First Violation of the Sharia Provision: Egypt’s SCC’s Ruling of 15 January 2006, in the Case No. 113/xxvi (Annotated and Translated)
Authors: Parolin Gianluca 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In early 2006, Egypt’s Supreme Constitutional Court found a statutory provision in force at the time of the decision to be in violation of the constitutional provision declaring the principles of Islamic law the chief source of legislation (Article 2). It was the first time since the provision was originally introduced in the Constitution in 1971 and later amended in 1980. Since this ruling, the Court found another two statutory provisions to be in violation of the sharia provision in the latter’s five decades of operation, in 2013 and in 2021. In the ruling considered here, the Court confirmed its conventional construction of Article 2, but took a position on a critical and contentious device of legal reform: Can legal change be produced through procedural expedients? Ultimately, the Court had to answer another and even more fundamental question: Can the legislator deny legal effects to a religiously valid act like unilateral divorce (ṭalāq)?
Climate Change and its ‘Grotian’ Effects on a Principle of Corporate Liability in International Law
Authors: Chiussi Curzi Ludovica 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
As climate change hazards keep intensifying, there seems to be an increasing recognition that corporations are not immune from international obligations on the protection of human rights and the environment. The present article argues that the climate crisis might be contributing, as a ‘Grotian Moment’, to the crystallisation of an already developing principle on corporate liability for human rights and environmental violations. After a brief account of the long-lasting debate on the existence and nature of corporate obligations under international law, the relevant business and human rights (non-binding) instruments will be addressed, highlighting their limits as well as their preparatory role in the ongoing paradigm shift. The ‘Grotian’ implications of climate change will be examined through the lens of climate litigation against companies, which highlights a crucial osmosis between the relevant international standards and domestic legal systems.
Detailed safety profile of acalabrutinib vs ibrutinib in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the ELEVATE-RR trial
Authors: Seymour John F. , Byrd John C. , Ghia Paolo , Kater Arnon P. , Chanan-Khan Asher , Furman Richard R. , O’Brien Susan , Brown Jennifer R. , Munir Talha , Mato Anthony , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Bajwa Naghmana , Miranda Paulo , Higgins Kara , John Ellie , de Borja Marianne , Jurczak Wojciech , Woyach Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
ELEVATE-RR demonstrated noninferior progression-free survival and lower incidence of key adverse events (AEs) with acalabrutinib vs ibrutinib in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We further characterize AEs of acalabrutinib and ibrutinib via post hoc analysis. Overall and exposure-adjusted incidence rate was assessed for common Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor–associated AEs and for selected events of clinical interest (ECIs). AE burden scores based on previously published methodology were calculated for AEs overall and selected ECIs. Safety analyses included 529 patients (acalabrutinib, n = 266; ibrutinib, n = 263). Among common AEs, incidences of any-grade diarrhea, arthralgia, urinary tract infection, back pain, muscle spasms, and dyspepsia were higher with ibrutinib, with 1.5- to 4.1-fold higher exposure-adjusted incidence rates. Incidences of headache and cough were higher with acalabrutinib, with 1.6- and 1.2-fold higher exposure-adjusted incidence rate, respectively. Among ECIs, incidences of any-grade atrial fibrillation/flutter, hypertension, and bleeding were higher with ibrutinib, as were exposure-adjusted incidence rates (2.0-, 2.8-, and 1.6-fold, respectively); incidences of cardiac events overall (the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities system organ class) and infections were similar between arms. Rate of discontinuation because of AEs was lower for acalabrutinib (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.93). AE burden score was higher for ibrutinib vs acalabrutinib overall and for the ECIs atrial fibrillation/flutter, hypertension, and bleeding. A limitation of this analysis is its open-label study design, which may influence the reporting of more subjective AEs. Overall, event-based analyses and AE burden scores demonstrated higher AE burden overall and specifically for atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hemorrhage with ibrutinib vs acalabrutinib. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02477696.
Comparing methods for drug–gene interaction prediction on the biomedical literature knowledge graph: performance versus explainability
Authors: Aisopos Fotis , Paliouras Georgios 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper applies different link prediction methods on a knowledge graph generated from biomedical literature, with the aim to compare their ability to identify unknown drug-gene interactions and explain their predictions. Identifying novel drug–target interactions is a crucial step in drug discovery and repurposing. One approach to this problem is to predict missing links between drug and gene nodes, in a graph that contains relevant biomedical knowledge. Such a knowledge graph can be extracted from biomedical literature, using text mining tools. In this work, we compare state-of-the-art graph embedding approaches and contextual path analysis on the interaction prediction task. The comparison reveals a trade-off between predictive accuracy and explainability of predictions. Focusing on explainability, we train a decision tree on model predictions and show how it can aid the understanding of the prediction process. We further test the methods on a drug repurposing task and validate the predicted interactions against external databases, with very encouraging results.
Effect of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine on the negative conversion of nucleic acid in asymptomatic or mild patients with COVID-19
Authors: Luo Yifeng , Zhou Qian , Huang Xinyan , Ding Yuqi , Ye Xiangrong , Ding Jie , Kuang Yukun , Liu Yihao , Peng Sui , Zhu Qingtang , Wang Haibo , Xiao Haipeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Negative conversion of nucleic acid was a key factor in deciding discharge or the end of isolation of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 patients. We aimed to explore the effect of vaccination on the time to negative conversion after Omicron infection.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included asymptomatic or mild patients with COVID-19 admitted to Fangcang shelter Hospital from November 10, 2022 to December 2, 2022. The relationship between vaccination status and the time to negative conversion was analyzed by multiple linear regression.

Results
A total of 2,104 asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 1,963 were vaccinated. The mean time to negative conversion of no vaccination, one dose, two doses, and three doses were 12.57 (5.05), 12.18 (3.46), 11.67 (4.86) and 11.22 (4.02) days, respectively (p = 0.002). Compared with no vaccination, two doses (β=-0.88, 95% CI: -1.74, -0.02, p = 0.045), and three doses (β=-1.51, 95% CI: -2.33, -0.70, p < 0.001) were both associated with shorter time to negative conversion. Comparing with two doses, booster dose was associated significantly with shorter time to negative conversion (β=-0.63, 95% CI: -1.07, -0.20, p = 0.004). Age was positively correlated with the time to negative conversion (β = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.05, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Vaccination with inactivated vaccine and booster dose can shorten the time to negative conversion of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 patients. The significant prolongation of time to negative conversion with increasing age suggests the promotion of vaccination, especially booster dose, particularly in the elderly.
Preceding symptoms and temporal development of cortical superficial siderosis in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a case report
Authors: Andersen Naja H. , Blauenfeldt Rolf A. , Mikkelsen Ronni , Simonsen Claus Z. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
We present a case illustrating evolution of symptoms and brain magnetic resonance imaging in cortical superficial siderosis.

Case presentation
A 74-year-old man with no prior medical history presented with transient focal neurological episodes with subtle imaging changes. There was no evidence of cortical superficial siderosis. Two weeks later, the patient was readmitted with new episodes, and had developed cortical superficial siderosis adjacent to a cerebral microbleed. Transient focal neurological episode secondary to cortical superficial siderosis was diagnosed together with probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Conclusion
Clinical symptoms may precede the development of cortical superficial siderosis prior to being detectable on brain MRI. This case highlights the temporal development of cortical superficial siderosis.
Elevated levels of MMP12 sourced from macrophages are associated with poor prognosis in urothelial bladder cancer
Authors: Kerzeli Iliana K. , Kostakis Alexandros , Türker Polat , Malmström Per-Uno , Hemdan Tammer , Mezheyeuski Artur , Ward Douglas G. , Bryan Richard T. , Segersten Ulrika , Lord Martin , Mangsbo Sara M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Urothelial bladder cancer is most frequently diagnosed at the non-muscle-invasive stage (NMIBC). However, recurrences and interventions for intermediate and high-risk NMIBC patients impact the quality of life. Biomarkers for patient stratification could help to avoid unnecessary interventions whilst indicating aggressive measures when required.

Methods
In this study, immuno-oncology focused, multiplexed proximity extension assays were utilised to analyse plasma (n = 90) and urine (n = 40) samples from 90 newly-diagnosed and treatment-naïve bladder cancer patients. Public single-cell RNA-sequencing and microarray data from patient tumour tissues and murine OH-BBN-induced urothelial carcinomas were also explored to further corroborate the proteomic findings.

Results
Plasma from muscle-invasive, urothelial bladder cancer patients displayed higher levels of MMP7 (p = 0.028) and CCL23 (p = 0.03) compared to NMIBC patients, whereas urine displayed higher levels of CD27 (p = 0.044) and CD40 (p = 0.04) in the NMIBC group by two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Random forest survival and multivariable regression analyses identified increased MMP12 plasma levels as an independent marker (p < 0.001) associated with shorter overall survival (HR = 1.8, p < 0.001, 95% CI:1.3–2.5); this finding was validated in an independent patient OLINK cohort, but could not be established using a transcriptomic microarray dataset. Single-cell transcriptomics analyses indicated tumour-infiltrating macrophages as a putative source of MMP12.

Conclusions
The measurable levels of tumour-localised, immune-cell-derived MMP12 in blood suggest MMP12 as an important biomarker that could complement histopathology-based risk stratification.
As MMP12 stems from infiltrating immune cells rather than the tumor cells themselves, analyses performed on tissue biopsy material risk a biased selection of biomarkers produced by the tumour, while ignoring the surrounding microenvironment.
Urban-rural difference in the lagged effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on COPD mortality in Chongqing, China
Authors: Gou Aiping , Tan Guanzheng , Ding Xianbin , Wang Jiangbo , Lv Xiaoyan , Gou Chunyan , Tan Qiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
It is true that Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will increase social burden, especially in developing countries. Urban-rural differences in the lagged effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on COPD mortality remain unclear, in Chongqing, China.

Methods
In this study, a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNMs) was established to describe the urban-rural differences in the lagged effects of PM2.5, PM10 and COPD mortality in Chongqing, using 312,917 deaths between 2015 and 2020.

Results
According to the DLNMs results, COPD mortality in Chongqing increases with increasing PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, and the relative risk (RR) of the overall 7-day cumulative effect is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. High values of RR in urban areas occurred at the beginning of exposure (Lag 0 ~ Lag 1). High values of RR in rural areas occur mainly during Lag 1 to Lag 2 and Lag 6 to Lag 7.

Conclusion
Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 is associated with an increased risk of COPD mortality in Chongqing, China. COPD mortality in urban areas has a high risk of increase in the initial phase of PM2.5 and PM10 exposure. There is a stronger lagging effect at high concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in rural areas, which may further exacerbate inequalities in levels of health and urbanization.
Three-dimensional comparison between the effects of mandibular advancement device and maxillomandibular advancement surgery on upper airway
Authors: Gurgel Marcela , Cevidanes Lucia , Costa Fabio , Pereira Rowdley , Cunali Paulo , Bittencourt Lia , Ruellas Antonio , Gonçalves Joao , Bianchi Jonas , Chaves Cauby 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The efficacy of mandibular advancement devices (MAD) and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) in improving upper airway (UA) patency has been described as being comparable to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) outcomes. However, no previous study has compared MAD and MMA treatment outcomes for the upper airway enlargement. This study aimed to evaluate three-dimensionally the UA changes and mandibular rotation in patients after MAD compared to MMA.

Methods
The sample consisted of 17 patients with treated with MAD and 17 patients treated with MMA matched by weight, height, body mass index. Cone-beam computed tomography from before and after both treatments were used to measure total UA, superior/inferior oropharynx volume and surface area; and mandibular rotation.

Results
Both groups showed a significant increase in the superior oropharynx volume after the treatments (p = 0.003) and the MMA group showed greater increase (p = 0.010). No statistical difference was identified in the MAD group considering the inferior volume, while the MMA group showed a significantly gain (p = 0.010) and greater volume (p = 0.024). Both groups showed anterior mandibular displacement. However, the mandibular rotation were statistically different between the groups (p < 0.001). While the MAD group showed a clockwise rotation pattern (-3.97 ± 1.07 and − 4.08 ± 1.30), the MMA group demonstrated a counterclockwise (2.40 ± 3.43 and 3.41 ± 2.79). In the MAD group, the mandibular linear anterior displacement was correlated with superior [p = 0.002 (r=-0.697)] and inferior [p = 0.004 (r = 0.658)] oropharynx volume, suggesting that greater amounts of mandibular advancement are correlated to a decrease in the superior oropharynx and an increase in the inferior oropharynx. In the MMA group, the superior oropharynx volume was correlated to mandibular anteroposterior [p = 0.029 (r=-0.530)] and vertical displacement [p = 0.047 (r = 0.488)], indicating greater amounts of mandibular advancement may lead to a lowest gain in the superior oropharynx volume, while a great mandibular superior displacement is correlated with improvements in this region.

Conclusions
The MAD therapy led to a clockwise mandibular rotation, increasing the dimensions of the superior oropharynx; while a counterclockwise rotation with greater increases in all UA regions were showed in the MMA treatment.
Combined oral antibiotics and intrauterine perfusion can improve in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer pregnancy outcomes in patients with chronic endometritis and repeated embryo implantation failure
Authors: Ma Nana , Li Jiaxu , Zhang Junlei , Jin Yufu , Wang Jiawei , Qin Weili , Hang Fu , Qin Aiping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate whether oral antibiotics (doxycycline and metronidazole) combined with intrauterine perfusion (gentamicin and dexamethasone) are beneficial for patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and chronic endometritis (CE) to improve clinical pregnancy outcomes.

Methods
Patients with RIF and CE were diagnosed using hysteroscopy and histology together. A total of 42 patients were enrolled in the study. All patients received oral antibiotics (doxycycline combined with metronidazole) and 22 patients underwent intrauterine perfusion (gentamicin combined with dexamethasone) immediately after the end of oral antibiotic therapy. Pregnancy outcomes were evaluated during the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) cycle.

Results
For the first D3 ET after treatment with oral antibiotics (doxycycline and metronidazole) combined with intrauterine perfusion (gentamicin and dexamethasone), higher embryo implantation rate (30.95% vs. 26.67%, P = 0.0308), clinical pregnancy rate (30% vs. 50%, P < 0.001), live birth rate (33.33% vs. 45.45%, P < 0.0001). No fetal malformations or ectopic pregnancies were observed.

Conclusion
We report oral antibiotics (doxycycline and metronidazole) combined with intrauterine perfusion (gentamicin and dexamethasone) as a novel treatment for CE to improve the outcomes of successful pregnancy compared with those of oral antibiotics alone.
Importance of clinical parameters for cultivation of critical care thinking by online teaching of critical care medicine
Authors: Pan Pan , Zheng Min , Luo Hongbo , Liu Jinbang , Li Lina , Su Longxiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The teaching of critical care medicine is a very important task, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The understanding of critical care parameters is the foundation and core, which is conducive to the formation of clinical thinking. This study is to evaluate the training effect of teaching of critical care parameters based on an online platform, and explore the teaching methods of critical care medicine that can help to cultivate trainees’ clinical thinking and practical ability.

Methods
Questionnaires were released before and after the training through the official new media platform “Yisheng” application (APP) of China Medical Tribune involving 1109 participants. The trainees who filled in the questionnaire in APP and received training were randomly selected as the investigated population. Statistical description and analysis were carried out using SPSS 20.0 and Excel 2020.

Results
The trainees were mainly attending physicians in tertiary hospitals and above. Among all critical care parameters, trainees paid more attention to critical hemodynamics, respiratory mechanics, severity of illness scoring systems, critical ultrasound, and critical hemofiltration. The degree of satisfaction with the courses was high, especially the course of critical hemodynamics was scored the highest. The trainees believed that the course contents were of great help to clinical work. However, no significant difference was found in the trainees’ understanding or cognition of the connotation of the parameters before and after the training.

Conclusion
Teaching of critical care parameters based on an online platform is conducive to improving and consolidating the clinical care ability of trainees. However, it is still necessary to strengthen the cultivation of clinical thinking in critical care. In the future, the integration of theory with practice must be strengthened in clinical practice, ultimately achieving the homogeneous diagnosis and treatment of patients with critical illness.