bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of isocentre shift magnitude and treatment site on image‐guided radiation therapy online decision analysis times
Authors: Clark Sarah , Pollard Natalie , Brown Elizabeth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe ability to capture more anatomical detail in cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging compared to kilovoltage (kV) and megavoltage (MV) imaging, has seen a documented shift towards CBCT image verification and staff adopting more extensive image analysis processes. The timeframe associated with assessing online CBCT images, termed the online decision analysis time, if drawn out, can affect treatment efficiency and accuracy. This study aimed to determine the current CBCT online decision analysis time at Radiation Oncology Princess Alexandra Ipswich Road (ROPAIR) and investigate the influence of isocentre shift magnitude and treatment site considerations on this timeframe.MethodsThis retrospective clinical audit collected treatment parameters from 202 CBCT images over 2 treatment days. The online decision analysis time was calculated by subtracting the image acquisition timestamp from the image verification shift application timestamp. The quantitative data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, and range in the following categories: all CBCTs, CBCTs grouped by isocentre shift magnitude and CBCTs grouped by treatment site. Content analysis was performed on staff comments made during image analysis.ResultsThe average online decision analysis time was 2:37 ± 1:28 min. On average approximately, head and neck, spine and extremity treatment sites measured 1 min, pelvis, breast, and chest measured 2–3 min with abdomen measuring 4 min. Common categories reported in staff comments included anatomical changes, repositioning, and organs at risk size.ConclusionThe results provide baseline online decision analysis times. Further refinement is required to determine if the image match method, treatment site considerations, and rotational discrepancies influence this timeframe.
Providing patient‐centred care as Medical Radiation Practitioners to children and young persons in out of home care
Authors: Denham Gary , Denham Sharon Elizabeth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModern healthcare focuses on patient‐centred care where patients' needs, beliefs, choices and preferences are valued and lead to better health outcomes. Children and young persons in out of home care (OOHC) require more health care services compared with children from similar social and economic backgrounds. Each state and territory government are responsible for statutory child protection in Australia. If a child is unsafe in their current environment, they may be removed and placed into OOHC where they have ongoing case management with either a government or non‐government agency. Complex trauma is the prolonged and uncontrolled exposure to traumatic events, like those experienced by maltreated children. Complex trauma can create a toxic stress response that produces biological alteration to the developing brain and affects the lives of the child, other family members and their descendants. Children with complex trauma often do not have the ability to regulate their responses to stimuli, reacting to minor triggers with disproportionate reactions. Many of these children will present with challenging behaviours. Trauma‐informed care is a method of service delivery that seeks to actively minimise re‐traumatisation. Creating a safe space is an essential element of trauma‐informed care. Children with a history of complex trauma have life experiences that may be re‐lived in a healthcare setting. There are ethical and legal considerations like privacy, consent and mandatory reporting when dealing with children in OOHC. By practising trauma‐informed care Medical Radiation Practitioners can minimise further trauma to one of the most vulnerable population groups in Australia.
Hot corrosion behaviour of the γ‐Y2Si2O7 ceramic exposed to NaVO3 or V2O5 molten salt
Authors: Fang Bin , Li Yi , Xu Xi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe hot corrosion behaviour of the γ‐Y2Si2O7 ceramic exposed to NaVO3 or V2O5 molten salt was studied at 1000–1300°C. YVO4 was identified as the corrosion product due to the chemical interaction of the two corrosive agents with the γ‐Y2Si2O7 ceramic. Although YVO4 produced in the two corrosion reactions had the same crystallographic structure, they had different morphologies. YVO4 produced by the corrosion of NaVO3 with the γ‐Y2Si2O7 ceramic showed a rod‐like shape, whereas it was particle‐shaped in the corrosion reaction of V2O5 with the γ‐Y2Si2O7 ceramic. Additionally, the degradation of γ‐Y2Si2O7 ceramic by V2O5 was more severe than that by NaVO3, and the thickness of the corrosion layer significantly increased with temperature. In this study, a model describing the formation of the corrosion product was established, and the formation of YVO4 with different morphologies in the two corrosion reactions was explained based on the growth characteristics of the YVO4 crystals.
Free peroneal artery perforator flap for reconstruction of traumatic limb soft tissue defects: A retrospective case series study
Authors: Song Jia‐lin , Bao Bing‐bo , Chen Chen , Qian Yun , Zheng Xian‐You 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe free peroneal artery perforator (FPAP) flap is used for soft tissue defects after burns and trauma. However, the use of FPAP flaps to repair limb soft tissue defects for immediate reconstruction was rarely reported previously. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to evaluate free peroneal artery perforator flap to reconstruct traumatic limb soft tissue defects for immediate reconstruction.Patients and MethodsA total of 25 cases of limb soft tissue defects undergoing immediate reconstruction of FPAP flap transfer were retrospectively evaluated from January 2019 to June 2019 in our institute. The locations of defects included the palm (10 cases), finger (5 cases), foot (7 cases), ankle (2 cases) and wrist (1 case). The sizes of defect varied from 3 × 2 cm to 15 × 7 cm (54.1 cm2 in average). Flaps were harvested based on the peroneal perforator vessels, initially marked using hand‐held Doppler.ResultsAverage size of harvested flap was 9.7 × 6.2 cm (ranging from 3.5 × 2 cm to 16 × 8 cm). All perforators were harvested from the peroneal artery and the arterial diameter ranged from 0.8 to 1.7 mm. The average pedicle length was 3.04 cm (range, 1.85–4.75 cm). Five vascular thrombosis were found including three cases of arterial thrombosis and two cases of venous thrombosis which were successfully salvaged by re‐operation and vein graft. Satisfying functional outcome and acceptable appearance were achieved at 6 months or longer after surgery (range, 6–15 months, 12 months in average). All flaps survived at the end‐point.ConclusionsThe FPAP flap is a reliable and thin fasciocutaneous flap, which can be used for repairing limb soft tissue defects. The FPAP flap can be used for covering defects with various appearances, locations, and sizes.
Alchemie: Betrügerische Goldmacher und ihre Strategien
Authors: Hollweg Jürgen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDie meisten Chemiker, die sich im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit an der Transmutation unedler Metalle in Silber oder Gold versuchten, waren aufrichtige und ehrbare Wissenschaftler. Die grundlegende Materietheorie damals hielt Metallumwandlung für möglich. Die Aussicht auf unermesslichen Reichtum zog allerdings auch Schwindler und Betrüger an.
Laborgeräte: Öfter ohne Büchnertrichter
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMiniversionen von Filternutschen aus der Produktion können den Büchnertrichter im Labor ersetzen. Filtration, Filterkuchenwäsche und Trocknung in einem einzigen Schritt erleichtern unter anderem ein Scale‐up in die Produktion.
Bilanz BASF 2022: Oberflächentechnik und Wertstoffe
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDer Chemiekonzern BASF hat im Jahr 2022 ungefähr elf Prozent mehr umgesetzt; im vierten Quartal waren es etwa zwei Prozent weniger als im Vergleichsquartal. Die Ausgaben für Energie, Forschung und Entwicklung sind gestiegen, Verkaufspreise ebenso.
Bilanz Merck 2022: Medikamente und Halbleiterprodukte
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBeim Konzern Merck trieben neue Medikamente das Umsatzwachstum im Jahr 2022. Im Elektronikbereich setzten Produkte für die Halbleiterindustrie mehr um als im Jahr zuvor. Der Umsatz mit Flüssigkristallen sank.
Chemiegeschichte: "Tracht Prügel für den biederen Ostwald"
Authors: Reschetilowski Wladimir 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWilhelm Ostwald war ein außergewöhnlich vielseitiger Gelehrter. Das rief bei seinen Zeitgenossen Bewunderung hervor – aber auch Skepsis. Friedrich Beilstein etwa lästerte in Briefen an Kollegen über ihn in durchaus kurioser Weise.
Semi‐analytical solution for a simplified 1D chemo‐hydro‐mechanical model in fluid‐saturated viscoelastic clay
Authors: Zheng Xinjiang , Wang Lei , Yang Aiwu , Xu Yongfu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a simplified chemo‐hydro‐mechanics (CHM) model, in which only solute concentration is considered in the aspect of chemistry, is proposed to reflect the viscoelastic deformation of clay soil. By using the proposed model, the responses of the excess pore‐fluid pressure, solute concentration, and displacement of the viscoelastic clay soil are derived through the Laplace transform method. Then, semi‐analytical solutions, in the time domain, are obtained via the inverse Laplace transform numerically. The influences of viscosity on excess pore‐fluid pressure, solute concentration, and displacement are investigated through an illustrative example. The results show that: (1) the clay soil in low viscosity can be simplified as an elastic model; (2) the higher viscosity not only accelerates the dissipation of excess pore‐fluid pressure, but also slows down the deformation of the clay soil; (3) the viscosity of clay soil poses little impact on the distribution of solute concentration.
Single‐heartbeat cardiac cine imaging via jointly regularized nonrigid motion‐corrected reconstruction
Authors: Cruz Gastao , Hammernik Kerstin , Kuestner Thomas , Velasco Carlos , Hua Alina , Ismail Tevfik Fehmi , Rueckert Daniel , Botnar Rene Michael , Prieto Claudia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to develop a novel approach for 2D breath‐hold cardiac cine imaging from a single heartbeat, by combining cardiac motion‐corrected reconstructions and nonrigidly aligned patch‐based regularization. Conventional cardiac cine imaging is obtained via motion‐resolved reconstructions of data acquired over multiple heartbeats. Here, we achieve single‐heartbeat cine imaging by incorporating nonrigid cardiac motion correction into the reconstruction of each cardiac phase, in conjunction with a motion‐aligned patch‐based regularization. The proposed Motion‐Corrected CINE (MC‐CINE) incorporates all acquired data into the reconstruction of each (motion‐corrected) cardiac phase, resulting in a better posed problem than motion‐resolved approaches. MC‐CINE was compared with iterative sensitivity encoding (itSENSE) and Extra‐Dimensional Golden Angle Radial Sparse Parallel (XD‐GRASP) in 14 healthy subjects in terms of image sharpness, reader scoring (range: 1–5) and reader ranking (range: 1–9) of image quality, and single‐slice left ventricular assessment. MC‐CINE was significantly superior to both itSENSE and XD‐GRASP using 20 heartbeats, two heartbeats, and one heartbeat. Iterative SENSE, XD‐GRASP, and MC‐CINE achieved a sharpness of 74%, 74%, and 82% using 20 heartbeats, and 53%, 66%, and 82% with one heartbeat, respectively. The corresponding results for reader scoring were 4.0, 4.7, and 4.9 with 20 heartbeats, and 1.1, 3.0, and 3.9 with one heartbeat. The corresponding results for reader ranking were 5.3, 7.3, and 8.6 with 20 heartbeats, and 1.0, 3.2, and 5.4 with one heartbeat. MC‐CINE using a single heartbeat presented nonsignificant differences in image quality to itSENSE with 20 heartbeats. MC‐CINE and XD‐GRASP at one heartbeat both presented a nonsignificant negative bias of less than 2% in ejection fraction relative to the reference itSENSE. It was concluded that the proposed MC‐CINE significantly improves image quality relative to itSENSE and XD‐GRASP, enabling 2D cine from a single heartbeat.
Circulating and adipose tissue immune cells in tissue‐specific insulin resistance in humans with overweight and obesity
Authors: Trouwborst Inez , Wouters Kristiaan , Jocken Johan W. , Jardon Kelly M. , Gijbels Anouk , Dagnelie Pieter C. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. , van der Kallen Carla J. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Richard Nathalie , Bendik Igor , Afman Lydia A. , Blaak Ellen E. , Goossens Gijs H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveA proinflammatory adipose tissue (AT) microenvironment and systemic low‐grade inflammation may differentially affect tissue‐specific insulin sensitivity. This study investigated the relationships of abdominal subcutaneous AT (aSAT) and circulating immune cells, aSAT gene expression, and circulating inflammatory markers with liver and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in people with overweight and obesity.MethodsIndividuals with overweight and obesity from the PERSonalized Glucose Optimization Through Nutritional Intervention (PERSON) Study (n = 219) and the Maastricht Study (replication cohort; n = 1256) underwent a seven‐point oral glucose tolerance test to assess liver and muscle insulin sensitivity, and circulating inflammatory markers were determined. In subgroups, flow cytometry was performed to identify circulating and aSAT immune cells, and aSAT gene expression was evaluated.ResultsThe relative abundances of circulating T cells, nonclassical monocytes, and CD56dim CD16+ natural killer cells were inversely associated with liver, but not muscle, insulin sensitivity in the PERSON Study. The inverse association between circulating (classical) monocytes and liver insulin sensitivity was confirmed in the Maastricht Study. In aSAT, immune cell populations were not related to insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, aSAT gene expression of interleukin 6 and CD14 was positively associated with muscle, but not liver, insulin sensitivity.ConclusionsThe present findings demonstrate that circulating immune cell populations and inflammatory gene expression in aSAT show distinct associations with liver and muscle insulin sensitivity.
Effect of sleep restriction on insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism in postmenopausal women: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Singh Prachi , Beyl Robbie A. , Stephens Jacqueline M. , Noland Robert C. , Richard Allison J. , Boudreau Anik , Hebert R. Caitlin , Ravussin Eric , Broussard Josiane L. , St‐Onge Marie‐Pierre , Marlatt Kara L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep restriction (SR) on insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism in postmenopausal women.MethodsIn a randomized crossover trial, 14 women underwent four nights of habitual sleep (HS, 100% normal sleep) and SR (60% of HS) while following a eucaloric diet. Outcomes included the following: (1) insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp, defined as the glucose infusion rate (GIR); (2) resting metabolism and substrate oxidation by indirect calorimetry; and (3) glucose, insulin, and C‐peptide concentrations following a standard meal test.ResultsNine postmenopausal women (mean [SD], age 59 [4] years, BMI 28.0  [2.6] kg/m2) were analyzed. Accelerometer‐determined total time in bed was 8.4 ± 0.6 hours during HS versus 5.0 ± 0.4 hours during SR (38% reduction, p < 0.0001). SR reduced low‐dose insulin GIR by 20% (HS: 2.55 ± 0.22 vs. SR: 2.03 ± 0.20 mg/kg/min; p = 0.01) and high‐dose insulin GIR by 12% (HS: 10.48 ± 0.72 vs. SR: 9.19 ± 0.72 mg/kg/min; p < 0.001). SR reduced fat oxidation during high‐dose insulin infusion (p < 0.01), and it did not alter resting energy metabolism.ConclusionsFour nights of SR reduced insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation in postmenopausal women. These findings underscore the role of insufficient sleep in metabolic dysfunction following menopause. Larger trials investigating how sleep disturbances cause metabolic dysfunction during menopause are needed across all stages of menopause.
A facile strategy to achieve room‐temperature organic long afterglow from melt processible, new two‐dimensional polyamide doped γ‐polyamide 6
Authors: Cai Peng , Zhang Hefeng , Huang Yifu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganic long afterglow materials can be incorporated into commercial polar polymer in very small amount to significantly reduce cost for application, while gaining excellent mechanical deformability attractively. Their luminescence can be usually enhanced, as the polar polymer can block oxygen diffusion and inhibit inclusion aggregation. However, due to thermal instability of most afterglow materials at high temperature, it is still a great challenge when they are applied for widely used polymer melt in material industry. Herein we report a new afterglow material of doped polymer system by blending a new luminescent, two‐dimensional polyamide sheet (TIB‐3CPBA‐TAPA) with a high‐temperature polyamide 6 (γPA6) melt. The excellent thermal stability of TIB‐3CPBA‐TAPA results from the amide bond‐linked, imidazolium salted and conjugated structure. Interestingly, TIB‐3CPBA‐TAPA/γPA6 is found to emit greenish afterglow luminescence that can last for 4 s at room temperature, only under a loading of 0.1 wt% that harvests the UV exposure efficiently. Different from converting non‐afterglow γ crystal (γPA) into afterglow α crystal (αPA), our facile strategy achieves longer afterglow with a higher melting point (220°C) and a tripled quantum yield (1.8%). In addition, the viscoelasticity of the polymer melt is improved by TIB‐3CPBA‐TAPA with a mechanical toughening effect.
Membrane permeability and antimicrobial peptides: Much more than just making a hole
Authors: Espeche Juan C. , Varas Romina , Maturana Patricia , Cutro Andrea C. , Maffía Paulo C. , Hollmann Axel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the elements of innate immunity that have a crucial role in fighting infections. These molecules are produced by all kinds of cells and can display a wide spectrum of action against bacterial or fungal infections. Bacterial resistance toward broad‐spectrum antibiotics has become a major concern in recent years. In this context, AMPs have emerged as promising alternative therapy in response to this increasing problem because of their ability to inhibit growth and biofilm formation, even in drug‐resistant microorganisms. However, despite the myriad of patents filed related to AMPs, only a small proportion of AMPs have already received certification, either by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency (EMA). In order to pave the way of AMPs to certification, a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanism of action of these peptides is essential. Several models have been proposed to explain it and the permeabilization of the bacterial envelope seems to play a key role in most of them. In this review, we describe the different techniques that are generally used to assess the permeabilization induced by AMPs in either in vivo or in vitro systems. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of the cooperation during the process of binding and permeabilization is included.
Superior electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of phase‐separated polymer blend composites by tuning the localization of nanoparticles for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Authors: Gebrekrstos Amanuel , Ray Suprakas Sinha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe assimilation of highly conductive nanofillers in immiscible polymer blends has shown great potential for various applications. Recent advancements in controlling the location of nanoparticles at the interface of immiscible binary blends have enhanced mechanical and electrical performance of the composites. However, the dispersion, distribution, and localization of the nanoparticles at the interface of immiscible binary blends are considered the principal challenges to determining the mechanical and electrical performance of the composites. This has led to considerable interest in exploiting the location of nanoparticles at the interface of immiscible binary blends for electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding applications. This review critically inspects the possible mechanism for locating the nanofillers at the interface and their influence on the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Furthermore, numerous strategies, such as covalent modification of nanoparticles, optimizing processing time and sequence of mixing, are highlighted for performance improvement of binary blend nanocomposites. In addition, we reviewed the compatibility of nanoparticles with the polymer matrix at the interface correlation with dispersion and mechanical properties. Finally, some challenges in the development, modification, and location of nanoparticles at the interface of immiscible polymer blend nanocomposites for EMI shielding applications are described.
Scale‐dependent blending of ensemble rainfall nowcasts and numerical weather prediction in the open‐source pysteps library
Authors: Imhoff Ruben O. , De Cruz Lesley , Dewettinck Wout , Brauer Claudia C. , Uijlenhoet Remko , van Heeringen Klaas‐Jan , Velasco‐Forero Carlos , Nerini Daniele , Van Ginderachter Michiel , Weerts Albrecht H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFlash flood early warning requires accurate rainfall forecasts with a high spatial and temporal resolution. As the first few hours ahead are already not sufficiently well captured by the rainfall forecasts of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, radar rainfall nowcasting can provide an alternative. Because this observation‐based method quickly loses skill after the first 2 hr of the forecast, it needs to be combined with NWP forecasts to extend the skillful lead time of short‐term rainfall forecasts, which should increase decision‐making times. We implemented an adaptive scale‐dependent ensemble blending method in the open‐source pysteps library, based on the Short‐Term Ensemble Prediction System scheme. In this implementation, the extrapolation (ensemble) nowcast, (ensemble) NWP, and noise components are combined with skill‐dependent weights that vary per spatial scale level. To constrain the (dis)appearance of rain in the ensemble members to regions around the rainy areas, we have developed a Lagrangian blended probability matching scheme and incremental masking strategy. We describe the implementation details and evaluate the method using three heavy and extreme (July 2021) rainfall events in four Belgian and Dutch catchments. We benchmark the results of the 48‐member blended forecasts against the Belgian NWP forecast, a 48‐member nowcast, and a simple 48‐member linear blending approach. Both on the radar domain and catchment scale, the introduced blending approach predominantly performs similarly or better than only nowcasting (in terms of event‐averaged continuous ranked probability score and critical success index values) and adds value compared with NWP for the first hours of the forecast, although the difference, particularly with the linear blending method, reduces when we focus on catchment‐average cumulative rainfall sums instead of instantaneous rainfall rates. By properly combining observations and NWP forecasts, blending methods such as these are a crucial component of seamless prediction systems.