bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive buffering window trajectory segmentation: RBW-TS
Authors: Zaman Bakht , Altan Dogan , Marijan Dusica , Kholodna Tetyana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMobility data of a moving object, called trajectory data, are continuously generated by vessel navigation systems, wearable devices, and drones, to name a few. Trajectory data consist of samples that include temporal, spatial, and other descriptive features of object movements. One of the main challenges in trajectory data analysis is to divide trajectory data into meaningful segments based on certain criteria. Most of the available segmentation algorithms are limited to processing data offline, i.e., they cannot segment a stream of trajectory samples. In this work, we propose an approach called Reactive Buffering Window - Trajectory Segmentation (RBW-TS), which partitions trajectory data into segments while receiving a stream of trajectory samples. Another novelty compared to existing work is that the proposed algorithm is based on multidimensional features of trajectories, and it can incorporate as many relevant features of the underlying trajectory as needed. This makes RBW-TS general and applicable to numerous domains by simply selecting trajectory features relevant for segmentation purposes. The proposed online algorithm incurs lower computational and memory requirements. Furthermore, it is robust to noisy samples and outliers. We validate RBW-TS on three use cases: (a) segmenting human-movement trajectories in different modes of transportation, (b) segmenting trajectories generated by vessels in the maritime domain, and (c) segmenting human-movement trajectories in a commercial shopping center. The numerical results detailed in the paper demonstrate that (i) RBW-TS is capable of detecting the true breakpoints of segments in all three usecases while processing a stream of trajectory points; (ii) despite low memory and computational requirements, the performance in terms of the harmonic mean of purity and coverage is comparable to that of state-of-the-art batch and online algorithms; (iii) RBW-TS achieves different levels of accuracy depending on the various internal parameter estimation methods used; and (iv) RBW-TS can tackle real-world trajectory data for segmentation purposes.
Embracing a culture of talk: STEM teachers’ engagement in small-group discussions about photovoltaics
Authors: Firetto Carla M. , Starrett Emily , Jordan Michelle E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmall-group discussions are well established as an effective pedagogical tool to promote student learning in STEM classrooms. However, there are a variety of factors that influence how and to what extent K-12 teachers use small-group discussions in their classrooms, including both their own STEM content knowledge and their perceived ability to facilitate discussions. We designed the present study to specifically target these two factors in the context of photovoltaics, an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of all STEM disciplines with potential to yield widespread benefits related to the use of solar technologies as a sustainable, renewable energy source. Teachers engaged in a series of small-group discussions based on photovoltaic source material (e.g., scientific articles) to build both their STEM content knowledge and capability with discussions, promoting their potential to design and deliver STEM instruction in their own classrooms using small-group discussion.ResultsOverall, teachers productively engaged in rich STEM talk as they spent most of the time in the discussion asking authentic questions about photovoltaic topics in alignment with a variety of science and engineering disciplinary core ideas, responding to the questions with rich, elaborative talk, and taking on ownership of the discussions. Teachers also evidenced increases in their photovoltaic knowledge and their perceived capability to facilitate discussions. Finally, most teachers’ end-of-program lesson plans included the use of small-group discussions, and a subsample of teachers who completed a follow-up interview one year after the summer program reported greater enactment of discussion in their STEM classrooms.ConclusionOur manuscript forwards an important contribution that draws from a practice-based approach to professional development in a way that not only better prepares teachers on what to teach (i.e., through enhanced PV content knowledge), but it also supports their ability to implement this instruction into their classrooms more effectively (i.e., though the use of small-group discussion). As such, this manuscript illustrates an innovative pedagogical approach for potential use in supporting teacher education and informs ways to enable teachers to build enhanced curricula for their STEM students.
Metagenomic insight into the biodegradation of biomass and alkaloids in the aging process of cigar
Authors: Xue Fang , Yang Juan , Luo Cheng , Li Dongliang , Shi Guiyang , Song Guangfu , Li Youran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA significant distinction between cigar production and tobacco lies in the necessary aging process, where intricate microbial growth, metabolic activities, enzymatic catalysis, and chemical reactions interact. Despite its crucial role in determining the final quality of cigars, our comprehension of the underlying chemical and biological mechanisms within this process remains insufficient. Biomass and alkaloids are the primary constituents that influence the flavor of cigars. Consequently, investigating the entire aging process could begin by exploring the involvement of microbes and enzymes in their biodegradation. In this study, handmade cigars were aged under different conditions. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to identify the microbes and enzymes responsible for the degradation of biomass and alkaloids derived from tobacco leaves. The results revealed that various environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, duration time, and turning frequency, yielded varying contents of total sugar and alkaloids in the cigars. Significant correlations were observed between microbial communities and starch, reducing sugars, total sugars, and alkaloids. Key species involved in the breakdown of biomass constituents, such as starch (Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas sp. 286, and Aspergillus cristatus), reducing sugars and total sugars (Aspergillus cristatus and Nitrolancea hollandica), were identified. Furthermore, Corynespora cassiicola and Pseudomonas fulva were found to potentially contribute to the degradation of alkaloid compounds, specifically nornicotine and neonicotinoid. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of the microbial roles in the aging of cigars. Moreover, the selection of specific microbial strains or starter cultures can be employed to control and manipulate the aging process, thereby further refining the flavor development in cigar products.
Graphical Abstract
Contraceptive use pattern based on the number and composition of children among married women in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Teshale Achamyeleh Birhanu , Wang Vicky Qi , Biney Godness Kye , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Adjei Nicholas Kofi , Yaya Sanni 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The relationship between composition of children and contraception use has received limited scholarly attention in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we examined the relationship between contraceptive methods, the number and composition of children in SSA.

Methods
Data on 21 countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries that had a Demographic and Health Survey on or before 2015 were analysed. We applied a multilevel multinomial logistic regression model to assess the influence of family composition on contraceptive use. Adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR) and 95% CI were estimated. The significant level was set at p < 0.05. All the analyses were conducted using weighted data.

Results
Women who had one son and two daughters (aRRR = 0.85, CI = 0.75, 0.95), two sons and one daughter (aRRR = 0.81 CI = 0.72, 0.92), one son and three daughters (aRRR = 0.66, CI = 0.54, 0.80), two sons and two daughters (aRRR = 0.59, CI = 0.50, 0.69), and three or more sons (aRRR = 0.75, CI = 0.63, 0.91) were less likely to use temporary modern contraceptive methods. Those with two sons and two daughters were less likely to use traditional methods (aRRR = 0.52, CI = 0.35, 0.78). Women in the older age group (35–49 years) were less likely to use temporary modern methods (aRRR = 0.60; 95%CI; 0.57, 0.63). However, this group of women were more likely to use permanent (sterilization) (aRRR = 1.71; 95%CI; 1.50, 1.91) and traditional methods (aRRR = 1.28; 95%CI; 1.14, 1.43).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that contraception needs of women vary based on the composition of their children, hence a common approach or intervention will not fit. As a result, contraception interventions ought to be streamlined to meet the needs of different categories of women. The findings can inform policymakers and public health professionals in developing effective strategies to improve contraceptive use in SSA.
Does the public know what researchers know? Perceived task difficulty impacts adults’ intuitions about children’s early word learning
Authors: Knabe Melina L. , Schonberg Christina C. , Vlach Haley A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study examined adults’ understanding of children’s early word learning. Undergraduates, non-parents, parents, and Speech-Language Pathologists (N = 535, 74% female, 56% White) completed a survey with 11 word learning principles from the perspective of a preschooler. Questions tested key principles from early word learning research. For each question, participants were prompted to select an answer based on the perspective of a preschooler. Adults demonstrated aligned intuitions for all principles except those derived from domain-general theories, regardless of experience with language development (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 revealed that perceived difficulty of a task for a preschooler impacted adults’ reasoning about word learning processes. Experiment 3 ruled out level of confidence and interest as mechanisms to explain the results. These results highlight disconnects in knowledge between the cognitive development research community and the general public. Therefore, efforts must be made to communicate scientific findings to the broader non-academic community, emphasizing children’s ability to excel at word learning in the face of task difficulty.
Experiences with and perception of patient-reported outcome measurement in patients undergoing knee and hip replacement in Germany
Authors: König Adriana N. , Himmler Sebastian , Buschner Peter , Sundmacher Leonie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Patient-reported outcome measures - PROMs - have been developed to provide an assessment of patients’ physical function, symptoms, and health-related quality of life. With patient-centered care becoming increasingly important, several national strategies have been initiated for PROM measurement. However, Germany is only at the beginning of this process. The objective of this study is to assess patients’ experience with and perception of completing PROMs in patients undergoing knee and hip replacement in Germany.

Methods
This study used survey data from patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery in a hospital in Germany. Before surgery, patients completed a PROMs survey. After at least 6 months, patients were re-contacted to fill in a questionnaire about their experiences with and perception of the PROMs data collection.

Results
Most patients either agreed or totally agreed that the time to fill in the questionnaire was appropriate (89%), that the purpose of the PROMs collection was clear (85%), that the questionnaire’s content applied to their appointment (73%), and that this systematic assessment was beneficial (81%). The corresponding proportions were 54% for feeling productive while waiting and 50% for feeling that the information in the questionnaire affected the patient-doctor interaction positively. Only few significant associations were found between patient characteristics and the favorability of patients’ ratings. There were no significant differences between hip and knee replacement surgery patients regarding the favorability rating on any survey question.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that PROMs collection in the context of hip and knee replacement surgery is practicable and partly also perceived beneficial by patients. Orthopedic procedures could serve as a starting point for broader use and routine PROMs collection in Germany.
Influence of contrast medium on tophus detection using dual-energy CT: phantom study and clinical illustration
Authors: Kotlyarov Maximilian , Mews Jürgen , Ulas Sevtap Tugce , Ziegeler Katharina , Hamm Bernd , Diekhoff Torsten 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
To investigate the influence of iodinated contrast medium (ICM) on detection of monosodium urate (MSU) with dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in two types of phantoms and demonstrate an example patient for clinical illustration.

Methods
Approval is by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained. A grid-like and a biophantom with 25 suspensions containing different concentrations of ICM (0 to 2%) and MSU (0 to 50%) were prepared and scanned with sequential single-source DECT using established methodology. Ascending orders of tube currents were applied at 80 kVp (16.5 to 220.0 mAs) and 135 kVp (2.75 to 19.25 mAs). Volume and mass measurements were performed using clinical gout software (dual-energy decomposition analysis). Numbers of true-positive and false-positive MSU detections were recorded and compared for different ICM concentrations. We demonstrate a patient with gouty arthritis for clinical illustration.

Results
Effects of ICM on MSU detection varied with the amount of iodine. Lower ICM concentrations (0.25 and 0.50%) improved detection of small uric acid concentrations of 35 to 45% in comparison to scans without ICM. However, high ICM concentrations (1 and 2%) almost completely precluded MSU detection for all MSU concentrations investigated. In a patient with gouty arthritis, tophi in the wrist were only detected after intravenous ICM administration.

Conclusions
Exploring multimodal DECT for arthritis imaging, enhancement of ICM influences tophus detection. It can help in visualizing previously undetected MSU depositions but, with too strong enhancement, also obscure tophi.

Relevance statement
Use of iodinated contrast media in dual-energy CT might help in visualizing previously undetected uric acid depositions but, with too strong enhancement, obscure gouty tophi.

Key points
• Iodine significantly influences the uric acid crystal detection in systematic phantom studies.
• Lower iodine concentrations improved detection of low and medium uric acid concentrations.
• High concentrations of iodine hampered detection of all uric acid concentrations.

Graphical abstract
Relationship of big five personality traits and future specialty preference among undergraduate medical students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sultan Sadia , Labban Osama M. , Hamawi Alyazeed M. , Alnajrani Ali K. , Tawfik Ayat Mahmoud , Felemban Mohammed H. , Bokhari Enad A. , Aziz Nusrat 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The precise choice of specialty is of paramount importance in a physician’s career. Several factors play a role in deciding the specialty, such as intelligence, motivation, clinical experience, personality, and socioeconomic factors. Our hypothesis is whether personality profiles differ based on specialty choice. Therefore, we investigated the association between personality traits and specialty choice.

Results
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 379 undergraduate medical students. Big five personality inventory was used to determine the personality traits among medical students. The most chosen speciality among both male and females was Surgery. Comparing the groups depending on their preferred specialties revealed no differences in three of five personality traits of Big five personality inventory. Students who selected psychiatry specialty scored highest on openness (p = 0.007) and lowest on extraversion (p = 0.018), indicating a substantial difference between the traits of extraversion and openness to experience.

Conclusions
The differences in personality features could not be attributed to a predilection for a particular speciality. However, medical students who scored higher on openness (intellect/imagination) and less on extraversion scales were more likely to choose psychiatric specialty. Numerous other factors affect specialization preference even if there are no differences in personality features between various specialties.
Geodetic study on earth surface loading with GNSS and GRACE
Authors: Heki Kosuke , Jin Shuanggen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIce, snow, and liquid water on the surface of the Earth exert downward force onto the solid earth and deform the lithosphere typically in seasonal timescale. Space techniques, such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), made it possible to directly measure subtle displacements caused by loading. We can also observe such loads with time-variable gravity using gravity recovery and climate experiment satellites. These techniques made surface loads an attracting scientific target of modern geodesy. In this paper we briefly review the history of geophysical studies of surface loads through geodetic observations of crustal deformation and time-variable gravity. We also review advanced topics such as short-term crustal deformation due to severe meteorological episodes and monitoring of terrestrial water storages. We also present a few related topics such as the change of the obliquity of the Earth due to loads and artificial crustal subsidence signals caused by snow accretion onto GNSS antenna radomes.
PR and QRS interval changes after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement in children
Authors: Helal Abdelmonem M. , Baho Haysam A. , Elmahrouk Ahmed F. , Mashali Mohamed H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Changes in PR intervals after transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TCPVR) have not been thoroughly evaluated in children. This study evaluated the changes in PR and QRS intervals six months after TCPVR in children with congenital heart disease.

Results
This study included 41 patients who underwent TCPVR from 2010 to 2022. ECG of patients was reviewed before and six months after TCPVR, and the PR and QRS intervals were reported. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) was retrieved indirectly from echocardiography and compared pre- and 6-months after TPVR. The median age was 13 years (25th–75th percentiles: 11–16), and 61% were males. The preoperative diagnosis was tetralogy of Fallot (n = 29, 71%), transposition of great vessels (n = 4, 10%), common arterial trunk (n = 3, 7%), pulmonary valve stenosis (n = 3, 7%) and pulmonary atresia (n = 2, 5%). The Melody valve was used in 30 patients, and Edwards Sapien was used in 11 patients. RVSP was significantly reduced six months after the procedure (pre-RVSP 40 (30–55) mmHg vs. post-RVSP 25 (20–35) mmHg; P < 0.001). The PR interval was 142 (132–174) msec before TPVR and 146 (132–168) msec post-TCPVR (P = 0.442). Post-TPVR PR was positively related to the pre-PR (β: 0.79 (0.66–0.93), P < 0.001) and inversely related to the right ventricular outflow tract size (− 1.48 (− 2.76 to − 0.21), P = 0.023). The pre-TPVR QRS was 130 (102–146) msec, and the post-TPVR QRS was 136 (106–144) msec (P = 0.668).

Conclusions
In children undergoing TCPVR, the PR and QRS intervals did not change significantly during a 6-month follow-up.
Early cancer detection by serum biomolecular fingerprinting spectroscopy with machine learning
Authors: Dong Shilian , He Dong , Zhang Qian , Huang Chaoning , Hu Zhiheng , Zhang Chenyang , Nie Lei , Wang Kun , Luo Wei , Yu Jing , Tian Bin , Wu Wei , Chen Xu , Wang Fubing , Hu Jing , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLabel-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique with ultra-sensitivity becomes more and more desirable in biomedical analysis, which is yet hindered by inefficient follow-up data analysis. Here we report an integrative method based on SERS and Artificial Intelligence for Cancer Screening (SERS-AICS) for liquid biopsy such as serum via silver nanowires, combining molecular vibrational signals processing with large-scale data mining algorithm. According to 382 healthy controls and 1582 patients from two independent cohorts, SERS-AICS not only distinguishes pan-cancer patients from health controls with 95.81% overall accuracy and 95.87% sensitivity at 95.40% specificity, but also screens out those samples at early cancer stage. The supereminent efficiency potentiates SERS-AICS a promising tool for detecting cancer with broader types at earlier stage, accompanying with the establishment of a data platform for further deep analysis.
Grape Polyphenols May Prevent High-Fat Diet–Induced Dampening of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis in Male Mice
Authors: Mezhibovsky Esther , Tveter Kevin M , Villa-Rodriguez Jose A , Bacalia Karen , Kshatriya Dushyant , Desai Nikhil , Cabales Alrick , Wu Yue , Sui Ke , Duran Rocio M , Bello Nicholas T , Roopchand Diana E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes obesity associated with retention of bile acids (BAs) that suppress important regulatory axes, such as the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPAA). HFD impairs nutrient sensing and energy balance due to a dampening of the HPAA and reduced production and peripheral metabolism of corticosterone (CORT).

Objective
We assessed whether proanthocyanidin-rich grape polyphenol (GP) extract can prevent HFD-induced energy imbalance and HPAA dysregulation.

Methods
Male C57BL6/J mice were fed HFD or HFD supplemented with 0.5% w/w GPs (HFD-GP) for 17 weeks.

Results
GP supplementation reduced body weight gain and liver fat while increasing circadian rhythms of energy expenditure and HPAA-regulating hormones, CORT, leptin, and PYY. GP-induced improvements were accompanied by reduced mRNA levels of Il6, Il1b, and Tnfa in ileal or hepatic tissues and lower cecal abundance of Firmicutes, including known BA metabolizers. GP-supplemented mice had lower concentrations of circulating BAs, including hydrophobic and HPAA-inhibiting BAs, but higher cecal levels of taurine-conjugated BAs antagonistic to farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Compared with HFD-fed mice, GP-supplemented mice had increased mRNA levels of hepatic Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1, suggesting reduced FXR activation and more BA synthesis. GP-supplemented mice also had reduced hepatic Abcc3 and ileal Ibabp and Ostβ, indicative of less BA transfer into enterocytes and circulation. Relative to HFD-fed mice, CORT and BA metabolizing enzymes (Akr1d1 and Srd5a1) were increased, and Hsd11b1 was decreased in GP supplemented mice.

Conclusion
GPs may attenuate HFD-induced weight gain by improving hormonal control of the HPAA and inducing a BA profile with less cytotoxicity and HPAA inhibition, but greater FXR antagonism.