bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Woody plant functional traits and phylogenetic signals correlate with urbanization in remnant forest patches
Authors: Yang Jingyi , Wang Zijin , Pan Ying , Zheng Yanjun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExploring the alterations in functional traits of urban remnant vegetation offers a more comprehensive perspective on plant assembly within the context of urbanization. While plant functional traits are influenced by both environmental gradients and the evolutionary history of plant species, the specific mechanisms by which urbanization mediates the combination of functional traits and the evolutionary history of remnant vegetation remain unclear. To examine the relationship between functional traits and phylogenies of remnant vegetation and urbanization, we classified the woody plant species surveyed in 72 sample plots in nine remnant forest patches in Guiyang, China, into four groups (urban, rural, middle and general groups) according to their location under different levels of urbanization and measured nine functional traits of these species. The phylogenetic signals of each functional trait of the four species groups were then quantified based on Blomberg's K. Furthermore, we analysed the correlations between functional traits and species abundance using phylogenetic generalized least squares. The results showed that significant phylogenetic signals were detected in more functional traits of the urban group than other groups. Thirteen and three significant relationships between functional traits and species abundance were detected for tree and shrub species after removing phylogenies. Tall tree species were more abundant in the urban group, while the general group favoured the species with adaptable traits (low height and high leaf area and C/N). Overall, we demonstrate that urbanization drove shifts in plant functional traits in remnant forests after combining the phylogenetic patterns.
Immobilization of Iridium Triazolylidene Complexes into Polymer Scaffolds and Their Application in Water Oxidation
Authors: Knörr Pascal , Lentz Nicolas , Albrecht Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA triazolylidene irdium complex was postmodified with simple methods to introduce two alcohol groups in the triazolylidene backbone. The reaction of this difunctionalized iridium triazolylidene unit with terephthalic acid chloride allowed for integrating these iridium complexes into a polymeric assembly. Both the monomeric complexes as well as the polymerized systems showed activity in water oxidation driven by cerium ammonium nitrate as a chemical oxidant with comparable catalytic performance. Post‐reaction analysis of the aqueous reaction solution by ICP MS showed a partial loss of iridium from the polymer into the aqueous phase under catalytic conditions, indicating a need for more robust polymer supports for this type of application.
Molecular Turnstiles Featuring Bicyclic Rotators: Solution and Solid‐State Investigation of Steric and Electronic Concerns
Authors: Rammer Megan L. , Gonnering Emily R. , Driscoll Zakarias L. , Vang Herh G. , Bosch Eric , Bowling Nathan P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA molecular rotor is created when a 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole rotator is incorporated into a rigid arylene ethynylene framework supported by pyridine coordination to a metal (Ag+ or PdCl2) guest. Comparisons to a similarly sized naphthyl rotator via 1H NMR spectroscopy provide insights into the movement of these bicyclic rotators relative to the rigid stator framework. Chemical shift increases of 0.3 ppm, or more, upon metal complexation are consistent with through‐space interaction of the central arene with a bound PdCl2 guest. Further study via X‐ray crystallography illustrates that rotation of the 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole unit in the solid state is likely hampered by relatively strong chalcogen bonding (N⋅⋅⋅S distance of 2.93 Å), forming 2S‐2N squares between benzothiadiazoles of neighboring complexes. Strong π–π interactions (3.29–3.36 Å) between neighboring complexes likewise restrict solid‐state rotation of the potential benzothiadiazole rotator. Modest changes to UV–vis spectra upon metal coordination suggest that electronic properties are mostly independent of stator configuration.
Impact of dietary plant flavonoids on 7,8‐dihydroxyflavone transepithelial transport in human intestinal Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Chen Yufeng , Xia Guobin , Wang Chunfeng , Wu Huawei , Xu Xiaogang , Mao Genxiang , Wu Jiong , Zhao Zhenlei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract7,8‐dihydroxyflavone (7,8‐DHF) is a biologically active flavone with various physiological activities, including neuroprotection, anti‐inflammation, and weight loss. Previous studies have found that the efflux protein P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) significantly affects the transepithelial transport of 7,8‐DHF in the intestine, resulting in its low oral bioavailability. Based on this, in this study, a Caco‐2 monolayer cell model was used to investigate 14 dietary plant flavonoids as potential P‐gp inhibitors, and their effects on the transepithelial transport and in vitro digestion of 7,8‐DHF were explored. The results showed that among the 14 plant flavonoids, hesperetin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and isoorientin increased and the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) of 7,8‐DHF at AP → BL direction and lowered Papp value at BL → AP direction to varying degrees, reducing the efflux ratio of 7,8‐DHF less than 1.5. In particular, kaempferol and quercetin exhibited the best effect on promoting the transepithelial transport of 7,8‐DHF, especially when used at molar concentration ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 with 7,8‐DHF. This is beneficial for improving the oral bioavailability of 7,8‐DHF. Meanwhile, 7,8‐DHF was found to maintain structural stability in simulated saliva, gastric juice, and intestinal juice, and its stability was not affected by the coexistence of quercetin and kaempferol. Overall, this study provided a theoretical basis for seeking natural and safe P‐gp inhibitors to improve the oral absorption of natural products.
Surgical resection in patient with teratoma with somatic‐type malignancy transformed into rhabdomyosarcoma resulted in long‐term survival
Authors: Kitamura Junji , Tambo Mitsuhiro , Nishijima Ayano , Masuda Kazuki , Miyakawa Jimpei , Nakamura Yu , Fujiwara Masachika , Kishida Takeshi , Ito Hiroyuki , Fukuhara Hiroshi 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionTesticular germ cell tumors with somatic‐type malignancy, wherein teratomas transform into sarcomas, is drug resistant and has a poor prognosis.Case presentationA 43‐year‐old man presented with a left testicular tumor, multiple pulmonary metastases, and mediastinal and para‐aortic lymph node metastases. The testicular tumors were diagnosed as germ cell tumors. After bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin chemotherapy; right upper lobectomy for the pulmonary metastasis; and paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy, rapidly progressing mediastinal lymph node metastasis was observed. It was resected at another specialized center owing to the challenging surgical approach. The histopathological diagnosis of the resected tumor was a teratoma with somatic‐type malignancy (rhabdomyosarcoma). Subsequently, left hilar lymph node metastasectomy and left upper lobectomy were performed for the pulmonary metastases. The patient survived for more than 8 years after initial treatment.ConclusionSurgery, although challenging, may yield long‐term survival for patients with testicular germ cell tumors with sarcomatous transformation.
Patterning two‐dimensional semiconductors with thermal etching
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Huang Ziwei , Guo Yukun , Zhang Zhengwei , Zhang Liqiang , Zhang Hongmei , Zhong Jiang , Li Shanhao , Deng Wei , Wang Di , Li Wei , Huangfu Ying , Yang Xiangdong , Duan Xidong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe controllable synthesis of complicated nanostructures in advanced two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as periodic regular hole arrays, is essential and remains immature. Here, we report a green, facile, highly controlled synthetic method to efficiently pattern 2D semiconductors, such as periodic regular hexagonal‐shaped hole arrays (HHA), in 2D‐TMDs. Combining the production of artificial defect arrays through laser irradiation with anisotropic annealing etching, we created HHA with different arrangements, controlled hole sizes, and densities in bilayer WS2. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman, photoluminescence (PL), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) characterization show that the 2D semiconductors have high quality with atomical clean and sharp edges as well as undamaged crystals in the unetched region. Furthermore, other nanostructures, such as nanoribbons and periodic regular triangular‐shaped 2D‐TMD arrays, can be fabricated. This kind of 2D semiconductors fabrication strategy is general and can be extended to a series of 2D materials. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that one WS2 molecule from the edges of the laser‐irradiated holed region exhibits a robust etching activation, making selective etching at the artificial defects and the fabrication of regular 2D semiconductors possible.image
In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of porous nickel titanium dental implants produced by metal injection molding technique
Authors: N. W. N. A. Mustafa , R. Ahmad , N. H. Kamar Affendi , E. Sulaiman , M. A. A. Khushaini , M. H. Ismail , L. K. Teh , M. Z. Salleh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPorous NiTi (pNiTi) is a promising biomaterial for functional long‐term implantation that has been produced using various manufacturing techniques and tested for biocompatibility. pNiTi produced using a more recent technology of Metal Injection Molding (MIM) has shown better physical and mechanical properties than those produced by earlier manufacturing methods, but its biocompatibility has yet to be determined. Hence, extracts from pNiTi dental implants produced by MIM were tested for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in this work. Its toxicity was evaluated at the cellular and in vitro levels using elution and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Short‐term testing revealed that pNiTi extract was cytocompatible with L‐929 fibroblast and V79‐4 lung cells, with no cell lysis or reactivity observed, respectively (USP grade 0). Following exposure to varied extract concentrations, good cell viability was observed where the lowest concentration showed the highest optical density (OD) and cell viability (2.968 ± 0.117 and 94%, respectively), and the highest concentration had the least OD and cell viability (2.251 ± 0.054 and 71%, respectively). pNiTi extracts demonstrated genocompatibility in two independent assays: mutagenic potential using a bacterial reverse mutation test and a clastogenic effect on chromosomes using the micronucleus test. Similar to the negative control reactions, there was no significant increase in revertant colonies following exposure to 100% pNiTi extract with and without metabolic activation (p = .00). No DNA clastogenic activity was caused by pNiTi at varied extract concentrations as compared to the negative control when tested with and without metabolic activation (p = .00). As a result, both cytotoxic and genotoxic investigations have confirmed that pNiTi dental implants utilizing the MIM process are cytocompatible and genocompatible in the short term, according to the International Standard, ISO 10993 – Parts 3, 5, and 33.
Thyroid and reproduction in amphibians and reptiles
Authors: Norris David O. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe relationship between the thyroid gland and reproduction in amphibians and reptiles has been studied for more than 100 years. Most studies suggest a positive involvement of thyroid hormones with some aspects of reproduction, but some studies support a negative role for thyroid hormones at certain life stages. Comprehensive studies of gene activation/suppression by thyroid hormones and their absence at various levels of the hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis coupled with observations of adrenocorticoid activity, reproductive performance, and metabolic involvement are needed to understand this complex relationship.
Nasal turbinates of the dicynodont Kawingasaurus fossilis and the possible impact of the fossorial habitat on the evolution of endothermy
Authors: Laaß Michael , Kaestner Anders 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe nasal region of the fossorial anomodont Kawingasaurus fossilis was virtually reconstructed from neutron‐computed tomographic data and compared with the terrestrial species Pristerodon mackayi and other nonmammalian synapsids. The tomography of the Kawingasaurus skull reveals a pattern of maxillo‐, naso‐, fronto‐ and ethmoturbinal ridges that strongly resemble the mammalian condition. On both sides of the nasal cavity, remains of scrolled maxilloturbinals were preserved that were still partially articulated with maxilloturbinal ridges. Furthermore, possible remains of the lamina semicircularis as well as fronto‐ or ethmoturbinals were found. In Kawingasaurus, the maxilloturbinal ridges were longer and stronger than in Pristerodon. Except for the nasoturbinal ridges, no other ridges in the olfactory region and no remains of turbinates were recognized. This supports the hypothesis that naso‐, fronto‐, ethmo‐ and maxilloturbinals were a plesiomorphic feature of synapsids, but due to their cartilaginous nature in most taxa were, in almost all cases, not preserved. The well‐developed maxilloturbinals in Kawingasaurus were probably an adaptation to hypoxia‐induced hyperventilation in the fossorial habitat, maintaining the high oxygen demands of Kawingasaurus' large brain. The surface area of the respiratory turbinates in Kawingasaurus falls into the mammalian range, which suggests that they functioned as a countercurrent exchange system for thermoregulation and conditioning of the respiratory airflow. Our results suggest that the environmental conditions of the fossorial habitat led to specific sensory adaptations, accompanied by a pulse in brain evolution and of endothermy in cistecephalids, ~50 million years before the origin of endothermy in the mammalian stem line. This supports the Nocturnal Bottleneck Theory, in that we found evidence for a similar evolutionary scenario in cistecephalids as proposed for early mammals.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection disrupts pulmonary microbiota to induce microglia phenotype shift
Authors: Bajinka Ousman , Tang Zhongxiang , Mao Yu , Qiu Xiangjie , Darboe Alansana , Tan Yurong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe lung−brain axis is an emerging biological pathway that is being investigated in relation to microbiome medicine. Increasing evidence suggests that pulmonary viral infections can lead to distinct pathological imprints in the brain, so there is a need to explore and understand this mechanism and find possible interventions. This study used respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in mice as a model to establish the potential lung−brain axis phenomenon. We hypothesized that RSV infection could disrupt the lung microbiota, compromise immune barriers, and induce a significant shift in microglia phenotype. One week old mice were randomized into the control, Ampicillin, RSV, and RSV+Ampicillin treated groups (n = 6 each). Seven days after the respective treatments, the mice were anaesthetized. Immunofluorescence and real‐time qRT‐PCR was used to detect virus. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining was used to detect histopathology. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were used to determine oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. Real‐time qRT‐PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure Th differentiation in the lung. Real‐time qRT‐PCR, ELISA, and confocal immunofluorescence were used to determine the microglia phenotype. 16S DNA technology was used to detect lung microflora. RSV infection induces elevated oxidative stress, reduced antioxidant, and significant dysbacteriosis in the lungs of mice. Pulmonary microbes were found to enhance Th1‐type immunoreactivity induced by RSV infection and eventually induced M1‐type dominant microglia in the brains of mice. This study was able to establish a correlation between the pulmonary microbiome and brain function. Therefore, we recommend a large sample size study with robust data analysis for the long‐term effects of antibiotics and RSV infection on brain physiology.
Effectiveness of oral antiviral agents on long‐term cardiovascular risk in nonhospitalized patients with COVID‐19: A multicenter matched cohort study
Authors: Liu Ting‐Hui , Chuang Min‐Hsiang , Wu Jheng‐Yan , Huang Po‐Yu , Tsai Ya‐Wen , Hsu Wan‐Hsuan , Lai Chih‐Cheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough a novel oral antiviral agent can improve short‐term COVID‐19 outcomes, its effects on the long‐term outcomes, namely the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), remains unknown. This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX research network to identify nonhospitalized adult patients with COVID‐19 between March 1, 2020, and January 1, 2022. A propensity score matching method was used to form two matched cohorts with and without receiving nirmatrelvir–ritonavir (NMV‐r) or molnupiravir. The primary outcome was the incidence of MACEs within a 30‐day to 1‐year period following a diagnosis of COVID‐19. Two cohorts of each 80 888 patients with balanced baseline characteristics were formed using propensity score matching. During the follow‐up period, 976 patients in the study group and 1609 patients in the control group developed MACE. Overall, the study group had a significantly lower risk of MACE than the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.683; 95% confidence interval: 0.630–0.739). The significantly lower HRs of overall MACEs were consistently observed in most subgroup analyses (age: >41–≤64 years: 0.60 [0.52–0.89]; age: ≥65 years: 0.68 [0.62–0.76]; women: 0.63 [0.57–0.71]; men: 0.62 [0.55–0.70]; vaccinated: 0.74 [0.63–0.88]; unvaccinated: 0.66 [0.60–0.73]; NMV‐r; 0.65 [0.59–0.71]; and molnupiravir: 0.75 [0.61–0.92]). In conclusion, novel oral antiviral agents, namely NMV‐r and molnupiravir, were effective in reducing long‐term MACEs among nonhospitalized patients with COVID‐19, particularly when treated with NMV‐r or in patients aged ≥40 years. These findings suggest the potential role of novel antiviral agents as a preventive measure to reduce further adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Noise performance of back‐barrier engineered GaN‐based trigate HEMT for X‐band applications
Authors: Verma Manish , Nandi Ashutosh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, a comprehensive investigation on the noise performance of novel optimized back‐barrier engineered GaN based trigate HEMT (BB‐trigate HEMT), have been carried out using Sentaurus TCAD tool. The microwave‐frequency noise of the device has been analyzed using a Green's function approach, assessing the gate and drain noise spectral densities under different bias conditions such as off‐state, subthreshold state and on‐state condition. More importantly, the G‐R noise component in BB‐trigate HEMT is almost eliminated in comparison to conventional trigate HEMT (C‐trigate HEMT). This is due to use of AlGaN back‐barrier layer (BBL). Subsequently, for the first time, it is reported that the noise parameters such as noise resistance and overall noise figure are drastically reduced to ~22 mΩ and ~0.02 dB respectively at 10 GHz frequency for back‐barrier (BB) trigate HEMT having a scaled gate length of 100 nm. The proposed device shows prominent noise performance than conventional trigate HEMT and thereby, it is highly suitable for designing low noise amplifier for X‐band applications.
Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Effects of postoperative fluids beyond the first 24 h
Authors: Berger Yael , Sullivan Brianne J. , Bekhor Eliahu Y. , Carpiniello Matthew , Leigh Natasha L. , Pletcher Eric R. , Solomon Daniel , Sarpel Umut , Hiotis Spiros P. , Labow Daniel M. , Cohen Noah A. , Golas Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere are no guidelines for intravenous fluid (IVF) administration after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC). This study assessed rates of post‐CRS/HIPEC morbidity according to perioperative IVF administration.MethodsAll patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC March 2007 to June 2018 were reviewed, recording clinicopathologic, operative, and postoperative variables. Patients were divided by peritoneal cancer index (PCI), comparing IVF volumes and types administered intraoperatively and during the first 72 h postoperatively. Optimal IVF rate cutoffs calculated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and Youden's index determined associations with complications.ResultsOverall, 185 patients underwent CRS/HIPEC, and 81 (51%) had low PCI (<10) and 77 (49%) had high PCI (≥10). In low‐PCI patients, high IVF rates on postoperative days (POD) #0−2 were associated with higher overall complications: POD#0 (46% vs. 89%, p = 0.001), POD#1 (40% vs. 86%, p < 0.05), and POD#2 (42% vs. 72%, p < 0.05). High IVF rates were associated with respiratory distress (7% vs. 26%, p = 0.02) on POD#0, ileus (14% vs. 47%, p = 0.007) and intensive care unit stay (11% vs. 33%, p = 0.022) on POD#1, and ICU stay (8% vs. 33%, p = 0.003) on POD#2.ConclusionsFor low PCI patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC, higher IVF rates were associated with postoperative complications. Post‐CRS/HIPEC, IVF rates should be limited to prevent morbidity.
Root architecture, root biomass and nutrient cycling in a mixed‐species agroforestry system
Authors: Bai Shahla Hosseini , Muqaddas Bushra , Trueman Stephen J. , Wilson Rachele , Keller Alexander , Shapcott Alison , Hannet Godfrey , Farrar Michael B. , Komolong Birte , Wallace Helen M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding root development in soil profiles of agroforestry systems is challenging. It is uncertain to what extent the proximity of cash crops, such as cocoa and coffee, to shade trees reduces nutrient concentrations in the topsoil and whether the cash crops continue to develop fine roots in the topsoil when they are planted in close proximity to shade trees. We aimed to investigate micro‐ and macro‐nutrient concentrations in the soil profile and understand root architecture using a novel DNA metabarcoding approach in an agroforestry system where cocoa and coffee were interplanted with a shade tree, canarium. Soil and root samples were collected from (1) cocoa‐only, (2) cocoa‐canarium, (3) canarium‐only positions in a cocoa plantation, (4) coffee‐only, (5) coffee‐canarium and (6) canarium‐only positions in a coffee plantation. Proximity of shade trees did not limit nutrient concentrations for cash crops. Topsoil concentrations of total N (TN: 0.59% and 0.69%), phosphorus (P: 7.28 and 6.65 mg/kg), potassium (K: 360 and 755 mg/kg) and calcium (Ca: 1865 and 1044 mg/kg) under cocoa and coffee trees, respectively, did not differ significantly from those under the corresponding canarium trees. Soil TN, K and Ca concentrations were well above minimum required concentrations under both cocoa and coffee. DNA metabarcoding showed that canarium trees occupied deeper rooting zones (30–80 cm soil depth) than cocoa and coffee trees (0–30 cm soil depth). DNA metabarcoding demonstrated greater root colonisation of the topsoil by cocoa and coffee than canarium, suggesting that canarium had the potential to extract nutrients from deeper soil layers. Soil Ca concentrations were associated with cocoa root biomass whereas soil NO3−‐N concentrations were associated with coffee root biomass. Our study highlighted the value of selecting suitable shade trees that maintain soil nutrient concentrations for cash crops. Furthermore, DNA metabarcoding can facilitate root distribution studies in complex agroforestry systems, thus providing insights into appropriate tree‐planting designs.