bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chains of mini-boson stars
Authors: Sun Shi-Xian , Zhao Li , Wang Yong-Qiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we re-investigate the static, soliton-like solutions in the model of the Einstein gravity coupled to a free and complex scalar field, which have been known as mini-boson stars. With the numerical methods, we have discovered a new family of solutions in addition to the typical single mini-boson star solution. These solutions can be interpreted as chains of boson stars, consisting of multiple boson stars along the symmetry axis. We demonstrate the configuration of two types of chains, one with an even number of constituents and the other with an odd number of constituents. Furthermore, we also study the effect of the frequency of the complex scalar field on the ADM mass M and the U(1) scalar charge Q. It is noteworthy that the existence of chains of boson stars does not require the introduction of a complex scalar field with self-interacting potential.
Kination, meet Kasner: on the asymptotic cosmology of string compactifications
Authors: Apers Fien , Conlon Joseph P. , Mosny Martin , Revello Filippo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study runaway, kination-dominated epochs in string cosmology. We show how the apparent classical decompactification runaway of the volume modulus, described by a kination epoch in the 4-dimensional EFT, can be uplifted to a classical Kasner solution in 10d in which the non-compact dimensions collapse towards a Big Crunch. This can also be generalised for arbitrary spacetime and compactification dimensions. We conclude with some comments on how this picture is modified by quantum effects, and the need for both dynamical and kinematical Swampland constraints.
Regulation of the methanogenesis pathways by hydrogen at transcriptomic level in time
Authors: Szuhaj Márk , Kakuk Balázs , Wirth Roland , Rákhely Gábor , Kovács Kornél Lajos , Bagi Zoltán 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The biomethane formation from 4 H2 + CO2 by pure cultures of two methanogens, Methanocaldococcus fervens and Methanobacterium thermophilum, has been studied. The goal of the study was to understand the regulation of the enzymatic steps associated with biomethane biosynthesis by H2, using metagenomic, pan-genomic, and transcriptomic approaches. Methanogenesis in the autotrophic methanogen M. fervens could be easily “switched off” and “switched on” by H2/CO2 within about an hour. In contrast, the heterotrophic methanogen M. thermophilum was practically insensitive to the addition of the H2/CO2 trigger although this methanogen also converted H2/CO2 to CH4. From practical points of view, the regulatory function of H2/CO2 suggests that in the power-to-gas (P2G) renewable excess electricity conversion and storage systems, the composition of the biomethane-generating methanogenic community is essential for sustainable operation. In addition to managing the specific hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis biochemistry, H2/CO2 affected several, apparently unrelated, metabolic pathways. The redox-regulated overall biochemistry and symbiotic relationships in the methanogenic communities should be explored in order to make the P2G technology more efficient.

Key points
• Hydrogenotrophic methanogens may respond distinctly to H2/CO2 in bio-CH4 formation.
• H2/CO2 can also activate metabolic routes, which are apparently unrelated to methanogenesis.
• Sustainable conversion of the fluctuating renewable electricity to bio-CH4 is an option.
Th1 cytokines in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Schober Sarah , Rottenberger Jennifer M. , Hilz Johannes , Schmid Evi , Ebinger Martin , Feuchtinger Tobias , Handgretinger Rupert , Lang Peter , Queudeville Manon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImmune milieus play an important role in various types of cancer. The present study focuses on the effect of Th1 cytokines on pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The reaction of ALL cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) to the most important Th1 cytokines TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) and IFN-γ (interferon gamma) is analyzed and correlated with the respective cytokine receptors and the intracellular signaling molecules. ALL cell lines and ALL PDX display a great heterogeneity in cell death after incubation with TNF-α and IFN-γ. Several samples show a dose-dependent and additive induction of cell death by both cytokines; others do not react at all or even display an increased viability. Apoptosis is the main type of cell death induced by Th1 cytokines in ALL cells. Over all leukemia cells analyzed, IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR) shows a higher expression than both TNF-receptors, resulting in higher phosphorylation of STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) compared to phosphorylation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells) in the TNF pathway. The activation of STAT1 correlates with the amount of cell death after stimulation with Th1 cytokines. TNF-α and IFN-γ lead to heterogeneous reactions in ALL cell lines and ALL PDX but are able to induce cell death by apoptosis in the majority of ALL blasts. The correlation of a high expression of IFNGR and following activation of STAT1 with cell death indicates an important role for IFN-γ signaling in this setting.
A Content Framework of a Novel Patient‐Reported Outcome Measure for Detecting Early Adverse Events After Major Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Clausen Johan , Boesen Victor , Gögenur Ismail , Watt Torquil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSystematic health monitoring with patient‐reported outcome instruments may predict post‐discharge complications after major surgery. The objective of this study was to conceptualize a novel patient‐reported outcome instrument for detecting early adverse events within two weeks of discharge after major emergency abdominal surgery and colorectal cancer surgery.MethodsThis study was conducted in two phases. (1) An exhaustive health concept pool was generated using systematic content analysis of existing patient‐reported outcome measures (N = 31) and semi‐structured interviews of readmitted patients (N = 49) and health professionals (N = 10). Concepts were categorized into three major domains: ‘Symptoms,’ ‘functional status,’ and ‘general health perception.’ We calculated the frequency of each health concept as the proportion of patients, who experienced the respective concept prior to readmission. (2) Colorectal cancer surgeons (N = 13) and emergency general surgeons (N = 12) rated the relevance of each health concept (1 = irrelevant, 5 = very relevant) in the context of detecting post‐discharge adverse events. We selected concepts with either a high mean relevance score (≥ 4) or a combination of moderate mean relevance score and high patient‐reported frequency (≥ 3 and ≥ 20% or ≥ 2.5 and ≥ 50%, respectively).ResultsContent analysis of existing items with additions from patients and experts resulted in 58 health concepts, of which the majority were distinct symptoms (N = 40). The selection procedure resulted in 29 patient‐reported health concepts relevant for detecting adverse events after discharge.ConclusionThe outlined framework provides content validity for future patient‐reported outcome instruments detecting adverse events in the early post‐discharge period after major emergency abdominal surgery and colorectal cancer surgery.
Multi-objective reinforcement learning for designing ethical multi-agent environments
Authors: Rodriguez-Soto Manel , Lopez-Sanchez Maite , Rodriguez-Aguilar Juan A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper tackles the open problem of value alignment in multi-agent systems. In particular, we propose an approach to build an ethical environment that guarantees that agents in the system learn a joint ethically-aligned behaviour while pursuing their respective individual objectives. Our contributions are founded in the framework of Multi-Objective Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning. Firstly, we characterise a family of Multi-Objective Markov Games (MOMGs), the so-called ethical MOMGs, for which we can formally guarantee the learning of ethical behaviours. Secondly, based on our characterisation we specify the process for building single-objective ethical environments that simplify the learning in the multi-agent system. We illustrate our process with an ethical variation of the Gathering Game, where agents manage to compensate social inequalities by learning to behave in alignment with the moral value of beneficence.
Electrochemical, molecular dynamics, density functional theory, and corrosion inhibition studies of some chromeno-oxadithiin and chromeno disulfide derivatives for mild steel in 3.5% NaCl
Authors: Fathi Ahlam M. , Anouar El Hassane , Ahmed Asmaa O. , Hegab Mohamed I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEight derivatives of chromeno-oxadithiin and chromeno disulfide were greenly synthesized during the reactions of different derivatives of 3-Chloro-3-chlorosulfenylchromanones (2a–d) with potassium iodide. The chemical structure of the newly prepared compounds was confirmed by using different spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H &13C NMR, and MS). The redox properties of the prepared compounds were investigated via cyclic voltammetry where most of the compounds exhibited one quasi-reversible redox couple beside one irreversible reduction peak. The charge transfer process was found to be under diffusion control. Some of these compounds were studied as inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in 0.6 M NaCl by using electrochemical techniques. Both the electrochemical methods and the computational simulations proved that adding 1 × 10–3 M of Trispiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-chroman-3′,2″-2H-chromeno[3,4-e][1,3,4]oxadithiin-5″,1″′-cyclohexan]-4′-one(3b) to 0.6 M NaCl inhibited mild steel corrosion by an efficiency of 98.8%. The morphology of mild steel surface after 7 days of immersion in this solution studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and showed a homogenous surface. The theoretical studies showed that 1,2-Bis (3-chlorospirochroman-2,1′-cyclohexyl-4-one) disulfane (4b) is the most stable one with an electronic energy of − 3101 au. The effects of the methyl and cyclohexane groups, as well as the effects of heterolysis on the corrosion efficiency, were studied.
Applicability of classic analytical calculation approaches for the design of plastic gears
Authors: Rothemund Markus , Otto Michael , Stahl Karsten 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlastic gears are produced cost-effectively in high volume but mainly for applications under low load. Current trends are leading to the design and application of plastic gears for more demanding operating conditions. This requires finding the optimum macrogeometry for the application, which is determined in practice using iterative design processes. Numerical and analytical approaches are available for the design of gears. Due to their speed, only the latter are suitable for an iterative design process. However, the approaches currently used in the calculation programs are designed with a focus on steel gears. Their applicability to gears made of plastics, which material properties differ drastically from those made of steel, is therefore only partially possible.The paper presents an investigation into the applicability of the classic analytical calculation approaches of Weber/Banaschek and Schmidt for contact analysis and the load-carrying capacity calculation of plastic gears. For this purpose, the results from analytical calculations are compared with those from numerical calculations. In addition, a comparison is made with typical standards (DIN3990, ISO6336) and guidelines (VDI2736).As a result, the paper provides an initial statement on the transferability of results from steel-focused analytical approaches to gears made of plastic. In addition, calculation results are identified in which particularly large differences occur between the various calculation approaches and which must be considered in the design phase.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate improves salt tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Bibi Gulnaz , Shafique Iqra , Ali Sartaj , Ahmad Raza , Shah Mohammad Maroof , Naqvi Tatheer Alam , Zeb Iftikhar , Maathuis Frans J. M. , Hussain Jamshaid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe cyclic nucleotide cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a powerful cell signaling molecule involved in biotic and abiotic stress perception and signal transduction. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, salt and osmotic stress rapidly induce increase in cGMP which plays role by modulating the activity of monovalent cation transporters, possibly by direct binding to these proteins and by altering the expression of many abiotic stress responsive genes. In a recent study, a membrane permeable analogue of cGMP (8-bromo-cGMP) was found to have a promotive effect on soluble sugar, flavonoids and lignin content, and membrane integrity in Solanum lycopersicum seedlings under salt stress. However, it remains to be elucidated how salt stress affects the endogenous cGMP level in S. lycopersicum and if Br-cGMP-induced improvement in salt tolerance in S. lycopersicum involves altered cation fluxes. The current study was conducted to answer these questions. A rapid increase (within 30 s) in endogenous cGMP level was determined in S. lycopersicum roots after treatment with 100 mM NaCl. Addition of membrane permeable Br-cGMP in growth medium remarkably ameliorated the inhibitory effects of NaCl on seedlings’ growth parameters, chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate. In salt stressed plants, Br-cGMP significantly decreased Na+ content by reducing its influx and increasing efflux while it improved plants K+ content by reducing its efflux and enhancing influx. Furthermore, supplementation with Br-cGMP improved plant’s proline content and total antioxidant capacity, resulting in markedly decreased electrolyte leakage under salt stress. Br-cGMP increased the expression of Na+/H+ antiporter genes in roots and shoots of S. lycopersicum growing under salt stress, potentially enhancing plant’s ability to sequester Na+ into the vacuole. The findings of this study provide insights into the mechanism of cGMP-induced salt stress tolerance in S. lycopersicum.
Geochemical, sedimentological and microbial diversity in two thermokarst lakes of far Eastern Siberia
Authors: Meisel Ove H. , Rijkers Ruud , Dean Joshua F. , in ‘t Zandt Michiel H. , van Huissteden Jacobus , Maximov Trofim C. , Karsanaev Sergey V. , Belelli Marchesini Luca , Goovaerts Arne , Wacker Lukas , Reichart Gert-Jan , Bouillon Steven , Welte Cornelia U. , Jetten Mike S. M. , Vonk Jorien E. , Dolman Han 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThermokarst lakes are important conduits for organic carbon sequestration, soil organic matter (soil-OM) decomposition and release of atmospheric greenhouse gases in the Arctic. They can be classified as either floating-ice lakes, which sustain a zone of unfrozen sediment (talik) at the lakebed year-round, or as bedfast-ice lakes, which freeze all the way to the lakebed in winter. Another key characteristic of thermokarst lakes are their eroding shorelines, depending on the surrounding landscape, they can play a major role in supplying the lakebeds with sediment and OM. These differences in winter ice regime and eroding shorelines are key factors which determine the quantity and quality of OM in thermokarst lake sediments. We used an array of physical, geochemical, and microbiological tools to identify the differences in the environmental conditions, sedimentary characteristics, carbon stocks and microbial community compositions in the sediments of a bedfast-ice and a floating-ice lake in Far East Siberia with different eroding shorelines. Our data show strong differences across most of the measured parameters between the two lakes. For example, the floating-ice lake contains considerably lower amounts of sediment organic matter and dissolved organic carbon, both of which also appear to be more degraded in comparison to the bedfast-ice lake, based on their stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C). We also document clear differences in the microbial community composition, for both archaea and bacteria. We identified the lake water depth (bedfast-ice vs. floating-ice) and shoreline erosion to be the two most likely main drivers of the sedimentary, microbial and biogeochemical diversity in thermokarst lakes. With ongoing climate warming, it is likely that an increasing number of lakes will shift from a bedfast- to a floating-ice state, and that increasing levels of shoreline erosion will supply the lakes with sediments. Yet, still little is known about the physical, biogeochemical and microbial differences in the sediments of these lake types and how different eroding shorelines impact these lake systems.
New thematic relationships in the green recovery literature
Authors: Slabe-Erker Renata , Primc Kaja , Zabavnik Darja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis short communication contributes to the current debate by exploring bibliometric data related to green recovery policies to discover the thematic linkages driving sustainable transitions and how these linkages can be navigated to encourage a successful and rapid green transformation. Our discussion illuminated three main trajectories of recent research that deviate from pre-COVID-19 themes and trends: managing natural resources at multiple levels, technology science for raw material scarcity resolution, and advancing low-carbon policies with data-driven models. This study provides a robust evidence-based framework for policymakers as they design green stimulus packages that can effectively facilitate and give long-term support to a green recovery. Specifically, the results affirm the necessity of devising novel stimulative regulations, investing in the modification or supplement of existing infrastructure (e.g. energy storage and grid infrastructure for reliable use of renewable energy sources) and building cities that are more resource-efficient and climate-resilient. Finally, the study also underscores the advances made in related European Union legislation and identifies potential challenges associated with the green transition.
Integrating imaging-based classification and transcriptomics for quality assessment of human oocytes according to their reproductive efficiency
Authors: Viñals Gonzalez Xavier , Thrasivoulou Christopher , Naja Roy Pascal , Seshadri Srividya , Serhal Paul , Gupta Sioban Sen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Utilising non-invasive imaging parameters to assess human oocyte fertilisation, development and implantation; and their influence on transcriptomic profiles.

Methods
A ranking tool was designed using imaging data from 957 metaphase II stage oocytes retrieved from 102 patients undergoing ART. Hoffman modulation contrast microscopy was conducted with an Olympus IX53 microscope. Images were acquired prior to ICSI and processed using ImageJ for optical density and grey-level co-occurrence matrices texture analysis. Single-cell RNA sequencing of twenty-three mature oocytes classified according to their competence was performed.

Result(s)
Overall fertilisation, blastulation and implantation rates were 73.0%, 62.6% and 50.8%, respectively. Three different algorithms were produced using binary logistic regression methods based on “optimal” quartiles, resulting in an accuracy of prediction of 76.6%, 67% and 80.7% for fertilisation, blastulation and implantation. Optical density, gradient, inverse difference moment (homogeneity) and entropy (structural complexity) were the parameters with highest predictive properties. The ranking tool showed high sensitivity (68.9–90.8%) but with limited specificity (26.5–62.5%) for outcome prediction. Furthermore, five differentially expressed genes were identified when comparing “good” versus “poor” competent oocytes.

Conclusion(s)
Imaging properties can be used as a tool to assess differences in the ooplasm and predict laboratory and clinical outcomes. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that oocytes with lower competence may have compromised cell cycle either by non-reparable DNA damage or insufficient ooplasmic maturation. Further development of algorithms based on image parameters is encouraged, with an increased balanced cohort and validated prospectively in multicentric studies.
Valuing COVID-19 as an opportunity to understand teacher agency
Authors: Mansfield Jennifer , Smith Kathy , Adams Megan , Wan Lydia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper seeks to better understand how unanticipated disruption influences teacher agency and professionalism. Drawing on a conceptual model of teacher agency the paper examines data from teacher focus groups conducted in one Australian K-12 school to understand the lived experience of teachers (n = 50) during an initial COVID-19 lockdown period, particularly how they successfully navigated the transition to online teaching, and subsequent changes in practice and pedagogy. A grounded theory approach to data analysis revealed five conditions shaped teacher experience and a sense of personal achievement during this disruption: (1) an open individual mindset; (2) permission to be flexible and respond in appropriate ways; (3) reduced complexity; (4) effective relationships with leadership, colleagues, students, and parents; and (5) parental support. Temporal and affective dimensions of teacher agency (iterational—past; projective—future, and practical-evaluative—present) were used to explore the relationship between the five conditions and action for change. Findings suggest teacher agency was enhanced by focused school-based support which enabled teachers to deal with rapid change. Such support effectively facilitated reduction in complexity, provided structural and systemic assistance, valued and respected teachers as the professionals best placed to manage the shift to online learning, provided teachers with permission to try and fail, and enabled collegial support through a variety of communities of practice and structural support. Implications and future areas of research presented.
Determining the Hierarchical Structure and Nature of Servant Leadership
Authors: Sun Peter Y. T. , Anderson Marc H. , Gang HeyIn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearchers have yet to adequately identify the hierarchical structure and nature of servant leadership, and there are an excessive number of models and measures that take varying perspectives. Although the servant leadership style has been shown to be non-redundant with the dominant transformational leadership style, the lack of an understanding of its structure hinders both theoretical work and the cumulation of research findings. This study identifies the hierarchical structure of servant leadership using Goldberg’s “bass ackwards” approach on data from a survey administered to 1248 respondents that included the four principal measures of servant leadership. Our results make a theoretical contribution by highlighting the distinction between a follower orientation and a community orientation among servant leaders. Furthermore, this follower orientation can be either task-oriented or person-oriented. By identifying the hierarchical structure of servant leadership, our analysis suggests new insights into what distinguishes and drives servant leaders, thereby, contributing to this important stream of leadership research.