bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among US nursing home residents with heart failure according to sex and type of heart failure
Authors: Osundolire Seun , Goldberg Robert J. , Lapane Kate L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are leading cause of death throughout the world. Few recent studies have, however, examined possible sex and type of heart failure (HFpEF, HFrEF, and unspecified/other heart failure) differences in the prevalence of these chronic conditions among nursing home residents.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine the magnitude of concomitant COPD and differences according to sex and heart failure type, in terms of the prevalence of COPD among nursing home residents with heart failure.MethodsThe principal study outcomes were examined in a cross‐sectional study of 97 495 US nursing home residents with heart failure using the 2018 Minimum Data Set. The diagnoses of heart failure and COPD were operationalized through a review of nursing home admission, progress notes, and physical examination findings.ResultsThe average age of this study population was 81.3 ± 11.0 years, 67.3% were women, and 53.8% had COPD. A slightly higher prevalence of COPD was found among men than women. A higher proportion of unspecified heart failure type was found in both men and women, than reduced and preserved ejection fractions, respectively. In both men and women, there was a higher prevalence of COPD among those with various chronic conditions and current tobacco users.ConclusionsCOPD is highly prevalent among medically complex middle‐aged and older nursing home residents with heart failure. Future research should focus on increasing our understanding of factors that influence the risk and optimal management of COPD and heart failure to improve the quality of life for nursing home residents.
Application of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict isoniazid disposition during pregnancy
Authors: Amaeze Ogochukwu U. , Isoherranen Nina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPregnancy can increase the risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) progression to tuberculosis (TB) disease. Isoniazid (INH) is the preferred preventative treatment for LTBI in pregnancy. INH is mainly cleared by N‐acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) but the pharmacokinetics (PK) of INH in different NAT2 phenotypes during pregnancy is not well characterized. To address this knowledge gap, we used physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling to evaluate NAT2 phenotype‐specific effects of pregnancy on INH disposition. A whole‐body PBPK model for INH was developed and verified for non‐pregnant NAT2 fast (FA), intermediate (IA), and slow (SA) acetylators. Model predictive performance was assessed using a drug‐specific model acceptance criterion for mean plasma area under the curve (AUC) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and the absolute average fold error (AAFE) for individual plasma concentrations. The verified model was extended to simulate INH disposition during pregnancy in NAT2 SA, IA, and FA populations. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the verified PBPK model and known changes in INH disposition during pregnancy to determine whether NAT2 activity changes during pregnancy or other INH clearance pathways are altered. This analysis suggested that NAT2 activity is unchanged while other INH clearance pathways increase by ~80% during pregnancy. The model was applied to explore the effect of pregnancy on INH disposition in two ethnic populations with different NAT2 phenotype distributions and with high TB burden. Our PBPK model can be used to predict INH disposition during pregnancy in diverse populations and expanded to other drugs cleared by NAT2 during pregnancy.
Lack of consideration of socioeconomic factors in transition programme of adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review
Authors: Berot Aurelie , Morsa Maxime , De Andrade Vincent , Gagnayre Remi , Bihan Hélène 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe transition of adolescents with type 1 diabetes should be organized such that loss of follow‐up and deterioration of patients' metabolic control are minimized.ObjectiveOur study aimed to ascertain whether socioeconomic status is featured in the characteristics of adolescents with type 1 diabetes in transition programmes and their inclusion in transition programmes.Research Design and MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed according to PRISMA recommendations. All articles published between 2010 and 2023 were considered. Studies that described a transition programme for adolescents or young adults with T1DM were included.ResultsAfter screening, 18 studies were included. Different transition programmes were proposed (exchanges between professionals, coordinators, and transition clinics). Nine articles described socio‐economic factors. The educational level was the most frequently reported. Only three studies evaluated the impact of one parameter on transition success: a lower education level was associated with more hospital visits for hyperglycaemia, and the other did not report any socioeconomic factor associated with clinic attendance.ConclusionsThe socioeconomic status of type 1 diabetes is poorly described in transition programmes, and the few that do make mention of it, offer little information about patient management.
Long‐term effectiveness of eculizumab: Data from the International PNH Registry
Authors: Terriou Louis , Lee Jong Wook , Forsyth Cecily , Griffin Morag , Szer Jeff , Röth Alexander , Gustovic Philippe , Metzger Jesse , Patel Ami S. , Patriquin Christopher J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesData from the International PNH Registry (NCT01374360) were used to estimate the overall survival and first occurrence of thromboembolic events/major adverse vascular events (TEs/MAVEs) for eculizumab‐treated patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) compared with a contemporaneous untreated cohort.MethodsPatients enrolled in the Registry from March 16, 2007, to February 14, 2022, were included. Treated patients received eculizumab for >35 days; untreated patients did not receive eculizumab at any time. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model comparing eculizumab treatment periods to untreated periods and were adjusted for baseline covariates (e.g., high disease activity [HDA], transfusion dependency, and eculizumab treatment status).ResultsThe analysis included 4118 patients. The univariable hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) for mortality in eculizumab‐treated time versus untreated time was 0.51 (0.41–0.64; p < 0.0001). Significant baseline covariates included age, sex, history of bone marrow failure, ≥4 erythrocyte transfusions within 12 months before baseline, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (all p < 0.0001). In the adjusted analysis, patients with baseline HDA had the greatest reduction in mortality risk (HR [95% CI], 0.51 [0.36–0.72]). Treated patients had approximately 60% reduction in TE/MAVE risk during treated versus untreated time (HR [95% CI]: TE: 0.40 [0.26–0.62], MAVE: 0.37 [0.26–0.54]; p < 0.0001).ConclusionUsing data from the largest Registry of patients with PNH, with ≥14 years of overall follow‐up, we demonstrate that treatment with eculizumab conferred a 49% relative benefit in survival and an approximately 60% reduction in TE/MAVE risk.
Characterisation of hyaluronic acid‐curcumin‐cellulose nanofibre composite film and application in egg preservation
Authors: Fan Zixin , Hao Yubo , Wang Yidi , Hu Xiaopei , Li Tuoping 
Published: September 2023

SummaryHA composite films were prepared using hyaluronic acid (HA) as a substrate with the addition of curcumin and cellulose nanofibre (CNF), and the application was evaluated by egg preservation tests at 25 °C and 70% humidity. The composite additives increased the thickness of both films. Compared to single HA film, 0.025% curcumin conferred the best antimicrobial properties, while CNF mainly controlled the viscosity, permeability and mechanical properties of the films. A 56‐day egg preservation test showed that the composite film with 0.5% HA addition, 0.025% each of curcumin and CNF, and a coating time of 2 min had the lowest weight loss of 13.88%. The final Haugh unit was 52.08, respectively, which exceeded the corresponding control values around Day 35 and extended the shelf life by at least 14 days. This indicates that the composite film at this concentration has the most significant effect on egg preservation and is important for postharvest food preservation.
Enrichment of lycopene in watermelon juice by ultrafiltration: technical assessment and fouling analysis
Authors: Doan Ngoc Thuc Trinh , Lai Quoc Dat , Nguyen Hoang Dung , Nabetani Hiroshi 
Published: September 2023

SummaryWatermelon juice is proven to be a potential source of lycopene, but its exploitation and consumption are currently constrained. The research focused on lycopene enrichment in watermelon juice by ultrafiltration (UF) with 1000 Da of molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO). The selectivity of UF membrane for the constituents in watermelon juice was investigated from 2 to 8 bar by dead‐end mode combined with stirring. The 1000 Da UF membrane showed a high potential to recover and separate lycopene from other components. However, membrane deposition and capillary occlusion could occur, affecting the overall efficiency of the enrichment process. To better understand kinetics, phenomena and efficiency, the study was evaluated in cross‐flow mode with full recirculation of retentate. The enrichment efficiency was found to increase the concentration and purity of lycopene by several times. The concentration polarisation was used to describe permeate flux decline, while the Hermia model was developed to explain fouling mechanisms. The utilised models were highly compatible; additionally, pore blocking was thought to be the main mechanism of fouling in lycopene enrichment by 1000 Da UF. The built mathematical model was in good agreement with the experimental observations of permeate flux, and lycopene, TS and ash concentrations. The 1000 Da UF of watermelon juice is a feasible approach for lycopene enrichment.
Efficacy and safety of prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: De Pascali Federica , Brunini Francesca , Rombolà Giuseppe , Squizzato Alessandro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsNephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), approximately 10%. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with NS.MethodsStudies evaluating prophylactic anticoagulation in NS were identified by an electronic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases until December 2021. Weighted mean proportion and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events were calculated using a fixed‐effects and a random‐effects model. The differences in the outcomes among groups were estimated as pooled odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% CI. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic.ResultsFive cohort studies, for a total of 414 adult patients, were included. Only two studies had a control group. The weighted mean incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis in patients who received VTE prophylaxis was 1.8% (95% CI: 0.6–3.5%; I2: 4.4%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2–2.2%; I2: 43.4%) respectively. The weighted mean incidence of major bleeding in patients who received VTE prophylaxis was 2.3% (95% CI: 1–4.2%; I2: 25.4%). Patients with NS that received VTE prophylaxis had a non‐significant reduced risk of PE (OR: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.03–14.8; I2: 64.4%)) and an increased risk of major bleeding (OR: 2.08 (95% CI: 0.41–10.45; I2: 0%)) compared to patients with NS that did not receive VTE prophylaxis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that prophylactic anticoagulation in adult patients with primary NS may reduce the risk of VTE, even if it may be associated with a not negligible bleeding risk.
The relationship between sensory impairment and home care client's received care time—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Pesonen Tiina , Corneliusson Laura , Väisänen Visa , Siira Heidi , Edgren Johanna , Elo Satu , Sinervo Timo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between sensory impairment and home care client's received care time.DesignA cross‐sectional multi‐source study.MethodsData from a self‐reported staff survey on care time allocation were merged with registry data from the Resident Assessment Instrument registry (n = 1477). The data were collected during 1 week from 17 home care units in Finland in October 2021. The relationship between sensory impairment and clients received care time was examined using linear regression analyses.ResultsThe linear regression analyses showed that having vision impairment alone increased care time, while dual sensory impairment resulted in decreased received care time. Hearing impairment alone was not statistically significantly associated with care time.ConclusionThe holistic care need of home care clients with dual sensory impairment may not be adequate. To ensure equality and the individually tailored care of clients, further attention must be paid to clients with sensory impairments, especially those with dual sensory impairment. Furthermore, the competence of home care workers to encounter and communicate with clients with sensory impairment must be developed to support the holistic care.Implications for the patient careThe sensory impairments of home care clients must be identified in time and considered in care planning and encountering clients.ImpactAs there is a risk that clients with dual sensory impairment are not able to fully express themselves, it is imperative that further attention is paid to clients with sensory impairments, to better understand and support this vulnerable group. Increased awareness and continuous education are needed to better identify and support home care clients with sensory impairment.Reporting MethodThe study adheres to the STROBE reporting guidelines.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Clinical value of dermoscopy in psoriasis
Authors: Wu Yifeng , Sun Liyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDermoscopy is a noninvasive technique that has attracted increasing attention in the field of inflammatory skin diseases (such as psoriasis) in recent years.ObjectiveThis study aimed to provide an up‐to‐date overview of the role of dermoscopy in the diagnosis and extra‐diagnosis of psoriasis.MethodsThis study sought to review the published literature regarding use of dermoscopy in the evaluation of psoriasis.ResultsThe diagnostic value of dermoscopy in psoriasis vulgaris, nail psoriasis, and other types of psoriasis was summarized from the aspects of vascular pattern, scale pattern, and other features. Meanwhile, the application value of dermoscopy in the differential diagnosis, efficacy and severity assessment, prediction and monitoring of psoriasis was discussed.ConclusionDermoscopy has good clinical value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of psoriasis and shows great prospects for severity assessment and efficacy prediction monitoring.
Coeliac disease and its implications on the oral health of children: A systematic review
Authors: Turska‐Szybka Anna , Dąbrowska Ewelina , Głogowska Karen , Janczewska Anna , Olczak‐Kowalczyk Dorota , Piekoszewska‐Ziętek Paula 
Published: September 2023

AimApart from various typical gastrointestinal symptoms, coeliac disease may have its clinical manifestations in the oral cavity which is the entrance of the gastrointestinal tract.MethodsA systematic review of literature was performed using the following databases: Medline, Scopus, EBSCOhost and Cochrane Library for Systematic Review. Inclusion criteria: observational or experimental original studies published in English with full text available between January 2000 and December 2022, regarding children and adolescents under the age of 20. Risk of bias was determined with the use of Risk Of Bias In Non‐randomised Studies of Exposure.ResultsThirty‐four studies were included in the review. The analysis confirmed a higher prevalence of numerous oral manifestations in coeliac disease concerning both hard and soft tissues. Our study found the prevalence of dental enamel defects to be at the level of 17.9%–83.5% (P value <0.047) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis of 8.3%–69% (P value <0.039).ConclusionOral manifestations may precede gastrointestinal symptoms. Patients presenting such manifestations should be screened for coeliac disease. The cooperation of gastroenterologists and dentists could lead to an increased detectability of coeliac disease.
Within‐individual leaf trait variation increases with phenotypic integration in a subtropical tree diversity experiment
Authors: Castro Sánchez‐Bermejo Pablo , Davrinche Andréa , Matesanz Silvia , Harpole W. Stanley , Haider Sylvia 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Covariation of plant functional traits, that is, phenotypic integration, might constrain their variability. This was observed for inter‐ and intraspecific variation, but there is no evidence of a relationship between phenotypic integration and the functional variation within single plants (within‐individual trait variation; WTV), which could be key to understand the extent of WTV in contexts like plant–plant interactions.

We studied the relationship between WTV and phenotypic integration in c. 500 trees of 21 species in planted forest patches varying in species richness in subtropical China. Using visible and near‐infrared spectroscopy (Vis‐NIRS), we measured nine leaf morphological and chemical traits. For each tree, we assessed metrics of single and multitrait variation to assess WTV, and we used plant trait network properties based on trait correlations to quantify phenotypic integration.

Against expectations, strong phenotypic integration within a tree led to greater variation across leaves. Not only this was true for single traits, but also the dispersion in a tree's multitrait hypervolume was positively associated with tree's phenotypic integration. Surprisingly, we only detected weak influence of the surrounding tree‐species diversity on these relationships.

Our study suggests that integrated phenotypes allow the variability of leaf phenotypes within the organism and supports that phenotypic integration prevents maladaptive variation.
Implicit theories of mental health predict anxiety and depression during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China: The mediating effect of coping styles
Authors: Jin Lefan , Zhang Ning , Chen Wenbo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis research investigated how implicit theories of mental health (ITMH) influence people's experience of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China. Two thousand and 44 Chinese completed the study during an emergent outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Shaanxi, China. The results suggested that ITMH significantly influence people's experience of anxiety and depression symptoms. Both active and passive coping styles significantly mediated the relationship between ITMH and anxiety/depression, with active coping style as a stronger mediator than passive coping style. Implications of the current research for improving people's mental health during pandemics of infectious diseases and directions for future research are discussed.
Effect of woven yarn angle on the low‐velocity impact damage response of fibre woven thermoplastic composites
Authors: Gao Sasa , Zhang Yunjie , Wang Zeyu , Yu Zuwang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFibre woven thermoplastic composites (FWTC) are widely used in aerospace and other fields because of their excellent performance. During service, FWTC structures are inevitably subjected to low‐velocity impact (LVI), which can cause invisible damage and eventual failure of the material. At the moment, studies on FWTC mostly focused on the orthogonal woven yarns while there's few reports about the effect of the yarn angle changing on the woven material's LVI damage response. This study aims at the effect of yarn angle changing on the damage behaviour of FWTC. A method for preparation of nonorthogonal prepregs was proposed, by which FWTC laminates with different yarn angles (60°, 75°, and 90°) were prepared for LVI tests. The results show that the maximum impact displacement and the impact duration of the impactor decrease with the decrease of the yarn angle when the FWTC laminate is subjected to LVI, while the maximum impact force shows an increasing trend. This indicates that the smaller yarn angle causes the better load‐bearing capacity of the FWTC laminate under LVI conditions, while the orthogonal FWTC laminate is more ductile. The damage morphology indicated by the impact of the FWTC laminate are matrix cracks and yarn breaks, and the damage area increases with the decrease of yarn angle, where the damage of orthogonal laminate is more serious more concentrated. The results found in this paper can provide useful guidance for engineering applications and failure analysis of FWTC.
Metabolic priming in G6PDH isoenzyme‐replaced tobacco lines improves stress tolerance and seed yields via altering assimilate partitioning
Authors: Scharte Judith , Hassa Sebastian , Herrfurth Cornelia , Feussner Ivo , Forlani Giuseppe , Weis Engelbert , von Schaewen Antje 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARYWe investigated the basis for better performance of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants with G6PDH‐isoenzyme replacement in the cytosol (Xanthi::cP2::cytRNAi, Scharte et al., 2009). After six generations of selfing, infiltration of Phytophthora nicotianae zoospores into source leaves confirmed that defence responses (ROS, callose) are accelerated, showing as fast cell death of the infected tissue. Yet, stress‐related hormone profiles resembled susceptible Xanthi and not resistant cultivar SNN, hinting at mainly metabolic adjustments in the transgenic lines. Leaves of non‐stressed plants contained twofold elevated fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphate (F2,6P2) levels, leading to partial sugar retention (soluble sugars, starch) and elevated hexose‐to‐sucrose ratios, but also more lipids. Above‐ground biomass lay in between susceptible Xanthi and resistant SNN, with photo‐assimilates preferentially allocated to inflorescences. Seeds were heavier with higher lipid‐to‐carbohydrate ratios, resulting in increased harvest yields ‐ also under water limitation. Abiotic stress tolerance (salt, drought) was improved during germination, and in floated leaf disks of non‐stressed plants. In leaves of salt‐watered plants, proline accumulated to higher levels during illumination, concomitant with efficient NADP(H) use and recycling. Non‐stressed plants showed enhanced PSII‐induction kinetics (upon dark–light transition) with little differences at the stationary phase. Leaf exudates contained 10% less sucrose, similar amino acids, but more fatty acids – especially in the light. Export of specific fatty acids via the phloem may contribute to both, earlier flowering and higher seed yields of the Xanthi‐cP2 lines. Apparently, metabolic priming by F2,6P2—combined with sustained NADP(H) turnover—bypasses the genetically fixed growth–defence trade‐off, rendering tobacco plants more stress‐resilient and productive.