bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intuitions and principles in moral argumentation
Authors: Reichlin Massimo 
Published: September 2023

L’argumentation morale implique de donner des raisons de soutenir des conclusions normatives, et quand le fondement de ces raisons est mis en question, un effort de justification systématique est alors exigé. L’article discute trois modèles de justification philosophique : le modèle des « décisions de principe » proposé par Richard Hare ; deux versions de l’intuitionnisme philosophique ; le modèle de l’équilibre réflexif de John Rawls. Il défend la thèse qu’une version modifiée de « l’équilibre réflexif large », en dépit des critiques qui lui ont été adressées sur la base d’études empiriques portant sur les jugements moraux, reste la stratégie la plus sûre pour fournir des justifications aux propositions morales.
Is There a Frege-Geach Problem for Reasons ?
Authors: Faroldi Federico L.G. 
Published: September 2023

Le problème de Frege-Geach est un problème qui se pose pour les théories selon lesquelles les jugements normatifs n’ont pas de contenu cognitif, mais expriment plutôt des états mentaux non cognitifs. Dans cet article, je présente le problème de Frege-Geach ; j’examine certaines stratégies existantes pour l’aborder dans sa forme traditionnelle ; et je me demande enfin si un problème de Frege-Geach se pose pour les raisons, et si l’usage des raisons peut mener à une solution. J’esquisse une réponse positive à cette question.
Préparation des analyses ergonomiques en bureau d’études aéronautique : résilience et adaptation en temps de crise
Authors: Bernard Fabien , Loup-Escande Émilie 
Published: September 2023

La préparation des analyses ergonomiques est une étape cruciale en bureau d’études, durant laquelle est pratiquée l’ergonomie de conception et où l’activité future est anticipée au travers d’outils de simulation. Dans ce contexte, l’enjeu est de définir le meilleur niveau de représentativité de la situation simulée afin d’assurer une haute valeur écologique de l’analyse. L’étape de préparation est d’autant plus complexe à maîtriser lorsqu’elle doit fédérer, en bureau d’études, des acteurs-métiers non sensibilisés aux analyses ergonomiques, à leur intérêt et à leur impact sur les produits conçus. Or, il peut arriver que les entreprises soient conduites à adapter des processus de préparation des analyses ergonomiques, du fait de circonstances inattendues. Ceci a été le cas lors de la crise sanitaire liée à la COVID-19 qui a entraîné un changement inopiné et brutal des organisations de travail dans de nombreuses entreprises, tous secteurs confondus : ralentissement ou arrêt de production, télétravail de masse, rupture des échanges physiques touchant aussi bien le flux de personnes que le flux de matériels, etc. Cette crise majeure a fait vaciller des écosystèmes jusque-là considérés comme fiables et stables. Elle a aussi permis, par effet de résilience, de mettre en place de nouveaux modes de travail en s’adaptant. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons au bureau d’études « maintenabilité » dans le secteur industriel aéronautique. Nous comparons l’organisation déployée et les protocoles associés pour préparer des analyses ergonomiques évaluant l’activité de maintenance, avant et pendant la crise sanitaire, notamment lors du premier confinement imposé de mars à avril 2020. Nous identifierons ce qui a été positif, utile et pérennisable pour l’après-crise et qui a concouru à rendre les préparations d’analyses ergonomiques plus efficaces et efficientes au sein d’un bureau d’études où les acteurs-métiers ne sont pas tous spécialisés en ergonomie.
Delayed Presentation of Mandibular Osteonecrosis Following Herpes Zoster Infection - A Case Report
Authors: Chatterjee Aritra , Chattopadhyay Abira , Mandal Soumen , De Nayana , Hossain Md Arif , Pakhira Soubhik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Rationale:
Apart from the usual presentation of herpes zoster (HZ) infection (HZI), reports of spontaneous teeth exfoliation and osteonecrosis are infrequent and sporadic.

Patient Concerns:
A 51-year-old male patient presented with spontaneous exfoliation of multiple teeth and subsequent pathological fracture on the right side of the lower jaw after three months of HZI.

Diagnosis:
Biopsy was taken from the alveolar bone of the oedematous region, which revealed the presence of trabeculae of dead bone with empty lacunae.

Intervention:
Necrosed part of the alveolar bone was excised under local anaesthesia and antibiotic coverage, which was followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the pathological fracture under general anaesthesia.

Outcomes:
The patient was followed up for one year without any evidence of recurrences.

Take-away Lessons:
Presentation of osteonecrosis following HZI is unique but rare and should be diagnosed at the earliest.
Comparison of oral propranolol, oral rifampicin, and intravitreal anti-VEGF in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Sandeep K , Venugopal Kavitha C , Javagal Akshatha P , Acharya Pavana , Sreelekshmi S R , Narendra N , Nayana P K 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To compare the efficacy of oral propranolol, oral rifampicin, and intravitreal anti-VEGF therapies on resolution-time and visual outcome in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods:
A total of 30 patients with CSCR were randomized into three groups of 10 patients. Group A was given oral propranolol, Group B was given oral rifampicin 4 weeks each, and Group C was given 0.05 ml intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF. Comparisons of mean BCVA, contrast sensitivity, and central macular thickness (CMT) performed between baseline and follow-up at 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months.

Results:
Statistically significant improvement in BCVA and contrast sensitivity was noted among all three groups. Complete resolution of SRF as indicated by CMT was seen at the end of 4 weeks in Group C, whereas there was a steady decline in CMT until 3 months in Groups A and B.

Conclusion:
Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy shows a significantly faster SRF resolution. However, oral propranolol and oral rifampicin could prove as a useful, cost-effective treatment of CSCR.
Possible dose-dependent effect of eplerenone on intraocular pressure
Authors: Razavi Seyedeh Mehrsa Sadat , Daneshvar Ramin 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. Current therapies target the anterior outflow of aqueous humor or its production. This study aims to demonstrate eplerenone could reduce IOP through a possible posterior outflow path via retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).

Methods:
In this retrospective study, IOP changes in patients undergoing eplerenone treatment were investigated. Inclusion criteria were IOP data immediately before and during treatment. Exclusion criteria included ophthalmic procedures, changes in topical glaucoma treatment, or taking systemic medications affecting IOP. After reviewing 162 charts, 41 subjects were eligible. Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the correlation between continuous IOP and eplerenone dosage.

Results:
The mean ± SD IOP before eplerenone treatment was 14.31 ± 3.73 mmHg and decreased to 13.50 ± 4.04 mmHg; however, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.39). In subset of patients with eplerenone dose of more than 25 mg/day and baseline IOP equal to or less than 15 mmHg, the mean IOP before eplerenone treatment was 12.33 ± 2.59 mmHg and decreased to 10.33 ± 2.99, which is a trend toward IOP reduction with a 16% reduction in IOP (P = 0.055).

Conclusion:
A possible dose-dependent decrease in IOP with eplerenone provides indirect evidence for the posterior flow model and suggests the mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) in RPE play a role in the posterior flow of aqueous humor. It can be deduced that the RPE pumps responsible for the posterior flow of aqueous humor are MR-regulated and their function can be enhanced with MR antagonists.
Variations in the prevalence of vision impairment across regions among school children in Telangana State, South India
Authors: Prakash Winston D , Marmamula Srinivas , Mettla Asha Latha , Keeffe Jill , Khanna Rohit C 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
Undetected vision impairment (VI) could negatively affect the overall development in children. School vision screening program is a viable and cost-effective approach for the early identification and management of VI.

Aim:
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of VI, its risk factors, and ocular morbidity among school children in Telangana, South India.

Methods:
Children aged 4–15 years attending schools in the study area were screened in this study. The vision screenings were performed in schools by trained community eye health workers using 6/12 tumbling E optotypes. Children who failed the test and/or presented with other eye conditions were referred to vision centers or secondary and tertiary eye care centers. A comprehensive eye examination was conducted in these centers, including cycloplegic refraction and fundus examination.

Results:
A total of 774,184 children, with a mean age of 9.4 ± 3.27 years, were screened. Overall, 51.49% (N = 398,596) were male. In total, 4.33% [N = 33,528; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.29–4.38] required referral services, while 1.16% (N = 9,002) had a presenting visual acuity of < 6/12. Multivariate analysis showed a high risk of VI among older children [Adj. odds ratio (OR): 5.75; 95% CI: 5.18–6.38], those with disabilities (Adj. OR: 5.12; 95% CI: 4.14–6.33), female gender (Adj. OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.24 - 1.35), and those residing in the urban areas (Adj. OR: 2.87; 95% CI: 2.42–3.39). The main cause of VI was uncorrected refractive errors (74.14%).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of VI among school children was 1.16% in Telangana, South India, and refractive error was the leading cause of VI among this population. Increasing age, urban location, female gender and other disabilities increase the risk of VI among children.
Attitude and perception toward clinical trials in India among patients and patient bystanders visiting the Indian Ophthalmology Clinical Trial Network: A multi-centric, cross-sectional survey
Authors: Pillai Gopal S , Sheeba CS , Barman Manabjyoti , Sen Alok , Sundaram Natarajan , Dickson Merin , Joyal Shamilin , Choudhury Manjisa , Joy Merlin M , Deepthi KG , Jangid Poonam , Abhilash Anjana 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
Advances in patient treatment depend heavily on clinical trials (CTs). Patient volunteers for CT are tougher to recruit and retain. In order to administer CTs effectively, it is necessary to comprehend how the public views and perceives participating in them. The study assessed the perception and attitudes of patients and bystanders toward CTs in India.

Methods:
This was a multi-centric, cross-sectional study among patients and bystanders using a questionnaire that consisted of socio-demographic characteristics and questions on knowledge and attitude toward participation in CTs. The minimum sample size estimated for the survey was 750.

Results:
A total of 1260 respondents (patients and bystanders) had participated in the survey. 42% of total respondents were aware about CTs. Unawareness regarding (i) voluntary power of an individual to participate in a CT (only 47%), (ii) entitled benefits of free treatment and medical insurance during enrolment in a CT (only 47%), and (iii) only 16% of the respondents knew involvement of human subjects in CT were the major highlights among those who had prior knowledge about CTs. Education was the most pervasive factor in shaping positive perception among the respondents. Occupation was another ubiquitous factor in shaping their perception regarding CTs.

Conclusion:
The majority of respondents were not aware of CTs. The major concerns observed were time consumption and harmful nature of CTs that influenced their unwillingness to participate in CTs. Initiatives such as awareness campaigns and survey assessments that would result in scientifically effective health service policies would be strategic methods to enhance CT participation.
Outcomes of reimplantation of a new Glaucoma Drainage Device after explantation of an older implant from exposure-related complications
Authors: Yaswanth Tiruveedhi S , Roy Avik K , Senthil Sirisha D , Krishnamurthy Rashmi S 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To describe the clinical outcome of a series of seven eyes with an explanation of an original Glaucoma Drainage Device (GDD) arising from the complication of plate exposure and consequent reimplantation of another GDD at a second setting.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, interventional, and non-comparative study at two tertiary eye care hospitals in eastern and southern India. Electronic medical record data of the seven eyes where a GDD was explanted and a 2nd GDD was reimplanted over October 2010 and May 2021 was analyzed. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS (ver. 26).

Results:
The first GDD survived for a mean of 168 days only till the plate got exposed and thereby got explanted. Possible predisposing factors noted were conjunctival and scleral thinning, ischemic conjunctiva, etc., The reimplantation surgery was technically easy in the absence of hypotony—opposite to what is reported in the literature. The final IOP (mean +/− SD) values (mm Hg) were 18.9 (+/−7.9), range = 10–30. The mean number of glaucoma medications reduced from 3.9 (+/−1.2; range, 2 to 5) after the explanation to 3.1 (+/−0.7; range, 2 to 4) after the 2nd GDD implantation, in the final follow-up. The second GDD was found to be stable till the last follow-up (mean = 1149 days). No other significant intraoperative or postoperative complications were seen.

Conclusions:
Reimplantation of a second GDD in a separate setting after explanations of an original implant due to exposure-related complication is both a safe and effective method.
Clinical profile and demographic distribution of Stargardt disease phenotypes: An Electronic medical record-driven big data analytics from a multitier eye care network
Authors: Das Anthony Vipin , Venugopal Ragukumar , Takkar Brijesh , Sharma Sumant , Balakrishnan Neelima , Narayanan Raja , Parameswarappa Deepika , Padhy Srikanta Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To describe the demographics and clinical profile of Stargardt disease in patients presenting a multitier ophthalmology hospital network in India.

Methods:
This cross-sectional hospital-based study was performed among 2,834,616 new patients presenting between August 2010 and June 2021 in our network. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of Stargardt disease in at least one eye were included as cases. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system.

Results:
Overall, 1,934 (0.069%) patients were diagnosed with Stargardt disease. Most of the patients were male (63.14%). The most common age group at presentation was during the second decade of life, with 626 (31.87%) patients. The overall prevalence was higher in patients from a higher socioeconomic status (0.077%), in those presenting from the urban geography (0.079%), and in students (0.197%). Systemic history of hypertension was seen in 56 (2.85%) patients, while diabetes mellitus was seen in (2.49%) patients. Of the 3,917 eyes, 1,910 (48.76%) eyes had moderate visual impairment (>20/70–20/200) followed by severe visual impairment (>20/200 to 20/400) in 646 (16.49%) eyes. The most commonly associated retinal signs were retinal flecks in 1,260 (32.17%) eyes, followed by RPE changes in 945 (24.13%) eyes. The most documented investigations were autofluorescence (39.85%), followed by optical coherence tomography (23.90). Cataract surgery was the commonest performed surgical intervention in (0.66%) eyes, followed by intravitreal injection in 4 (0.10%) eyes. The family history of parent consanguinity marriage was reported by 212 (10.79%) patients.

Conclusion:
Stargardt disease was seen more commonly in males presenting during the second decade of life. It is predominantly a bilateral disease, with the majority of the eyes having moderate visual impairment.
Prevalence of glaucoma types, clinical profile and disease severity at presentation: Tertiary Institute based cross-sectional study from South India
Authors: Seth Praveen Kumar , Senthil Sirisha , Das Anthony Vipin , Garudadri Chandrasekar 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To describe the clinical profile and relative prevalence of subtypes of glaucoma presenting to a tertiary care center in India.

Methods:
This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 6,120 new patients (>16 years) presenting between January 2016 and December 2017. The data were collected using an electronic medical record system.

Results:
A total of 11,016 eyes of 6,120 new patients were diagnosed with glaucoma. Sixty-one percent were male and 79% had a bilateral affliction. Primary glaucoma was present in 4,352 (71.1%) and secondary glaucoma in 1,063 (17.4%) subjects. Glaucoma was primary open-angle (POAG) in 4,015 (36.4%) eyes and primary angle closure disease (PACD) in 3,806 (34.5%) eyes. Commonest among secondary glaucoma was post-cataract surgery glaucoma (3.1%), neovascular glaucoma (2.4%), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) (2.1%), and steroid-induced glaucoma (SIG) (1.4%). Patients with primary glaucoma were older than secondary (56.6 ± 0.2 vs 54.1 ± 0.4; P < 0.0001). Mean IOP was higher in secondary glaucoma compared to primary (26.9 ± 0.3 vs 18.9 ± 0.1; P < 0.0001). Secondary glaucoma had greater mean CDR compared to primary glaucoma (0.77 ± 0.007 vs 0.70 ± 0.003; P < 0.0001). The prevalence of blindness (visual acuity <20/200) was 16.2% of eyes. Mean deviation (MD) 20db or worse was noted in 39.5% of eyes at presentation including 47.8% of PACG, 37.3% of POAG, 51% of JOAG, 58% of PXG, and 45% of SIG, suggesting disease severity.

Conclusion:
At the presentation to a tertiary care center, 40% of all eyes with glaucoma had advanced disease with MD worse than − 20D. PACG and JOAG had the worse disease among primary; among secondary, PXG and SIG had the worse disease at presentation.
Ocular abnormalities in children with developmental delay
Authors: Kavitha V , Gangrade Aashish K , Heralgi Mallikarjun M , Haragoppa Sneha 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To describe the presence of ocular abnormalities in children with developmental delay (DD) and compare with normal children; to analyze associated risk factors, systemic problems, and the possible treatment that can be delivered.

Methods:
This was a cross sectional, observational study. We included children between one and 18 years, diagnosed as developmental delay in DD group, and next immediate age- and sex-matched children without developmental delay on the same day or during the same period in the control group. Detailed history and neuroimaging findings were noted. Uncorrected visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity for distance and near, cycloplegic refraction, anterior, and posterior segment examination was carried out. Various ocular problems, delayed visual maturation (DVM), and cortical visual impairment (CVI) were diagnosed based on examination. Data were analyzed statistically, and P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
Ninety-four children were included in each group. Mean age was 4.97 ± 3.84 years, and 64.89% were males. In DD group: Most common abnormal neuroimaging finding was gliotic changes; systemic associations: 39 children; 83 children had ocular problems: refractive error-70, strabismus-39, cataract-five, amblyopia-16; DVM-13; CVI-13 children; glasses and vision stimulation were advised in 39 and 65 children, respectively; whereas, in control group: refractive error-36, strabismus-15, cataract-two; amblyopia-20 children.

Conclusion:
88.29% of developmental delay children had ocular abnormalities, commonest was refractive error (74.47%); these values were higher than in control group; common risk factors were low birthweight and consanguineous marriage; epilepsy was the most common systemic association.
Ocular fundal changes in children suffering from cerebral malaria
Authors: Mukherji Payal , Shilpy Neha , Gupta Rajiv Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To assess the frequency and distribution of retinal changes in children suffering from cerebral malaria (CM), study the correlation between fundal changes and severity of disease, visual outcome, and survival of patients.

Methods:
An observational, cross-sectional study was done on pediatric patients, suffering from CM in a tertiary care center in eastern India. A complete ophthalmological examination was done and findings were tabulated. Their hospital admission records were checked for severity of coma, recovery, and prognosis. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, and P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Total 113 children of age group 0–18 years (mean age 7.88 ± 0.56 years) were enrolled in the study. Seventy-seven children (68.14%) had retinal changes. Most common retinal signs associated with malarial retinopathy were white centered hemorrhage and papilledema (53.09% each), followed by retinal whitening (51.33%) and vessel changes (39.82%). The correlation between the presence of white centered retinal hemorrhages and visual prognosis was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.001). Patients with Grade 4 parasitemia showed maximum retinal signs with a significant correlation between the severity of papilledema and parasite load (P = 0.037). Eighty-six patients (76.11%) survived and 27 patients (23.89%) died. All 27 patients who died showed all four signs of malarial retinopathy. Out of these, patients with retinal whitening suffered from severe coma, and this correlation was found to be statistically significant (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Presence of retinal signs in patients with CM is associated with severe disease (high parasite load), poor visual outcome, and increased mortality.
Impact of special software training on quality of life among people with visual impairment
Authors: Bhaskaran Sahithya , Ravikumar Pavitra , Flora Jeyaseeli , Vijayalakshmi P 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the impact of special software training in computer and smartphone apps as a form of rehabilitation to improve the quality of life of individuals with visual impairment (VI).

Methods:
The study utilized a one-group pretest–posttest design. A total of 50 individuals aged 15 years and older with VI participated in the training, which included special software (NVDA) and mobile app training for 60 hours at the Visual Rehabilitation Center. The Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire was administered before the start of training and six months after completion. The questionnaire covered the following domains: (1) mobility, distance vision, and lighting; (2) reading and fine work; (3) social well-being; (4) economic impact; (5) attitude toward life; and (6) activities of daily living. Statistical software STATA 14.0 (Texas, USA) was used for data analysis. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were conducted to compare the mean differences before and after training.

Results:
Significant improvements were observed in five dimensions, namely mobility, distance vision and lighting, reading and fine work, and attitude toward life, at a highly significant level of 1% probability. The dimensions of social well-being and economic impact showed significant improvement at a 5% level of probability.

Conclusion:
Visual impairment, whether congenital or acquired later in life, affects independence in all aspects of life. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the impact of special software training on the quality of life of visually impaired individuals. The authors suggest that this form of rehabilitation enhances accessibility to mainstream living, promotes independence, and ultimately improves quality of life. Participants experienced an improved quality of life through increased access to mainstream resources, enhanced ability to navigate and manage daily activities independently, and reduced reliance on multiple low vision aids or assistance from sighted individuals.