bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stratification of Heterogeneity in the Lithosphere of Mars From Envelope Modeling of Event S1222a and Near Impacts: Interpretation and Implications for Very‐High‐Frequency Events
Authors: Menina S. , Margerin L. , Kawamura T. , Heller G. , Drilleau M. , Xu Z. , Calvet M. , Garcia R. F. , Knapmeyer‐Endrun B. , Carrasco S. , Onodera K. , Lognonné P. , Stott A. , Banerdt W. B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe have modeled the high‐frequency seismogram envelopes of the large event S1222a and four recently identified near impacts recorded by the InSight mission by introducing a stratification of velocity and attenuation into a multiple‐scattering approach. We show that a simple conceptual model composed of a strongly diffusive, weakly attenuating layer overlying a transparent medium captures the essential features of the observed envelopes. The attenuation profiles reveal that the minimal extension of heterogeneities at depth is of the order of 20 km in the vicinity of InSight and 60 km on the path to S1222a. We interpret this result as an indication that the Martian crust as a whole is at the origin of the strong scattering. Our heterogeneity model suggests that the sources of a number of distant Very‐high‐Frequency seismic events are shallow and located to the south or in close vicinity of the Martian dichotomy.
Optogenetic stimulation of mouse Hoxb8 microglia in specific regions of the brain induces anxiety, grooming, or both
Authors: Nagarajan Naveen , Capecchi Mario R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPreviously, we have shown that either disruption of the Hoxb8 gene or ablation of a microglial subpopulation, Hoxb8 microglia, results in mice exhibiting both chronic anxiety and OCSD-like behavior, compulsive pathological hair pulling (trichotillomania), to the point of showing lesions at the sites of overgrooming. Herein we show, that optogenetic stimulation of Hoxb8 microglia in specific regions of the brain induces elevated anxiety, grooming or both. Optogenetic stimulation of Hoxb8 microglia within the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) or the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) induces grooming, whereas stimulation of Hoxb8 microglia in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) or central amygdala (CeA) produces elevated anxiety. Optogenetic stimulation of Hoxb8 microglia in the ventral CA1 region of the hippocampus (vCA1) induces both behaviors as well as freezing. In vitro we directly demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of Hoxb8 microglia in specific regions of the brain activate neighboring neural activity through the induction of the c-fos-immediate early response. These experiments connect outputs from optogenetically stimulated Hoxb8 microglia, within specific regions of the brain, to the activation of neurons and neural circuits that in turn enable induction of these behaviors. These experiments suggest that Hoxb8 microglia are likely to be among, or the main, first responders to signals that evoke these behaviors. The same regions of the brain (DMS, mPFC, BLA, CeA and vCA1) have previously been defined at the neuronal level, by optogenetics, to control anxiety in mice. Intriguingly, the optogenetic experiments in microglia suggest that the two populations of microglia, canonical non-Hoxb8 and Hoxb8 microglia, function in opposition rather than in parallel to each other, providing a biological reason for the presence of two microglial subpopulations in mice.
Simplified algorithm for genetic subtyping in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Shen Rong , Fu Di , Dong Lei , Zhang Mu-Chen , Shi Qing , Shi Zi-Yang , Cheng Shu , Wang Li , Xu Peng-Peng , Zhao Wei-Li 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenetic classification helps to disclose molecular heterogeneity and therapeutic implications in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Using whole exome/genome sequencing, RNA-sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization in 337 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients, we established a simplified 38-gene algorithm (termed ‘LymphPlex’) based on the information on mutations of 35 genes and rearrangements of three genes (BCL2, BCL6, and MYC), identifying seven distinct genetic subtypes: TP53Mut (TP53 mutations), MCD-like (MYD88, CD79B, PIM1, MPEG1, BTG1, TBL1XR1, PRDM1, IRF4 mutations), BN2-like (BCL6 fusion, NOTCH2, CD70, DTX1, BTG2, TNFAIP3, CCND3 mutations), N1-like (NOTCH1 mutations), EZB-like (BCL2 fusion, EZH2, TNFRSF14, KMT2D, B2M, FAS, CREBBP, ARID1A, EP300, CIITA, STAT6, GNA13 mutations, with or without MYC rearrangement), and ST2-like (SGK1, TET2, SOCS1, DDX3X, ZFP36L1, DUSP2, STAT3, IRF8 mutations). Extended validation of 1001 DLBCL patients revealed clinical relevance and biological signature of each genetic subtype. TP53Mut subtype showed poor prognosis, characterized by p53 signaling dysregulation, immune deficiency, and PI3K activation. MCD-like subtype was associated with poor prognosis, activated B-cell (ABC) origin, BCL2/MYC double-expression, and NF-κB activation. BN2-like subtype showed favorable outcome within ABC-DLBCL and featured with NF-κB activation. N1-like and EZB-like subtypes were predominated by ABC-DLBCL and germinal center B-cell (GCB)-DLBCL, respectively. EZB-like-MYC+ subtype was characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, while EZB-like-MYC- subtype by NOTCH activation. ST2-like subtype showed favorable outcome within GCB-DLBCL and featured with stromal-1 modulation. Genetic subtype-guided targeted agents achieved encouraging clinical response when combined with immunochemotherapy. Collectively, LymphPlex provided high efficacy and feasibility, representing a step forward to the mechanism-based targeted therapy in DLBCL.
Effect of schizophrenia common variants on infant brain volumes: cross-sectional study in 207 term neonates in developing Human Connectome Project
Authors: Le Hai , Dimitrakopoulou Konstantina , Patel Hamel , Curtis Charles , Cordero-Grande Lucilio , Edwards A. David , Hajnal Joseph , Tournier Jacques-Donald , Deprez Maria , Cullen Harriet 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIncreasing lines of evidence suggest deviations from the normal early developmental trajectory could give rise to the onset of schizophrenia during adolescence and young adulthood, but few studies have investigated brain imaging changes associated with schizophrenia common variants in neonates. This study compared the brain volumes of both grey and white matter regions with schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) for 207 healthy term-born infants of European ancestry. Linear regression was used to estimate the relationship between PRS and brain volumes, with gestational age at birth, postmenstrual age at scan, ancestral principal components, sex and intracranial volumes as covariates. The schizophrenia PRS were negatively associated with the grey (β = −0.08, p = 4.2 × 10−3) and white (β = −0.13, p = 9.4 × 10−3) matter superior temporal gyrus volumes, white frontal lobe volume (β = −0.09, p = 1.5 × 10−3) and the total white matter volume (β = −0.062, p = 1.66 × 10−2). This result also remained robust when incorporating individuals of Asian ancestry. Explorative functional analysis of the schizophrenia risk variants associated with the right frontal lobe white matter volume found enrichment in neurodevelopmental pathways. This preliminary result suggests possible involvement of schizophrenia risk genes in early brain growth, and potential early life structural alterations long before the average age of onset of the disease.
The contribution of penguin guano to the Southern Ocean iron pool
Authors: Belyaev Oleg , Sparaventi Erica , Navarro Gabriel , Rodríguez-Romero Araceli , Tovar-Sánchez Antonio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIron plays a crucial role in the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll Southern Ocean regions, promoting phytoplankton growth and enhancing atmospheric carbon sequestration. In this area, iron-rich Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and baleen whale species, which are among their main predators, play a large role in the recycling of iron. However, penguins have received limited attention despite their representing the largest seabird biomass in the southern polar region. Here, we use breeding site guano volumes estimated from drone images, deep learning-powered penguin census, and guano chemical composition to assess the iron export to the Antarctic waters from one of the most abundant penguin species, the Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus). Our results show that these seabirds are a relevant contributor to the iron remobilization pool in the Southern Ocean. With an average guano concentration of 3 mg iron g−1, we estimate that the Chinstrap penguin population is recycling 521 tonnes iron yr−1, representing the current iron contribution half of the amount these penguins were able to recycle four decades ago, as they have declined by more than 50% since then.
O2 partitioning of sulfur oxidizing bacteria drives acidity and thiosulfate distributions in mining waters
Authors: Whaley-Martin Kelly J. , Chen Lin-Xing , Nelson Tara Colenbrander , Gordon Jennifer , Kantor Rose , Twible Lauren E. , Marshall Stephanie , McGarry Sam , Rossi Laura , Bessette Benoit , Baron Christian , Apte Simon , Banfield Jillian F. , Warren Lesley A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe acidification of water in mining areas is a global environmental issue primarily catalyzed by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). Little is known about microbial sulfur cycling in circumneutral pH mine tailing impoundment waters. Here we investigate biological sulfur oxidation over four years in a mine tailings impoundment water cap, integrating aqueous sulfur geochemistry, genome-resolved metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. The microbial community is consistently dominated by neutrophilic, chemolithoautotrophic SOB (relative abundances of ~76% in 2015, ~55% in 2016/2017 and ~60% in 2018). Results reveal two SOB strategies alternately dominate across the four years, influencing acid generation and sulfur speciation. Under oxic conditions, novel Halothiobacillus drive lower pH conditions (as low as 4.3) and lower [S2O32−] via the complete Sox pathway coupled to O2. Under anoxic conditions, Thiobacillus spp. dominate in activity, via the incomplete Sox and rDSR pathways coupled to NO3−, resulting in higher [S2O32−] and no net significant acidity generation. This study provides genomic evidence explaining acidity generation and thiosulfate accumulation patterns in a circumneutral mine tailing impoundment and has significant environmental applications in preventing the discharge of sulfur compounds that can impact downstream environments. These insights illuminate opportunities for in situ biotreatment of reduced sulfur compounds and prediction of acidification events using gene-based monitoring and in situ RNA detection.
Enhancer hijacking at the ARHGAP36 locus is associated with connective tissue to bone transformation
Authors: Melo Uirá Souto , Jatzlau Jerome , Prada-Medina Cesar A. , Flex Elisabetta , Hartmann Sunhild , Ali Salaheddine , Schöpflin Robert , Bernardini Laura , Ciolfi Andrea , Moeinzadeh M-Hossein , Klever Marius-Konstantin , Altay Aybuge , Vallecillo-García Pedro , Carpentieri Giovanna , Delledonne Massimo , Ort Melanie-Jasmin , Schwestka Marko , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Tartaglia Marco , Brusco Alfredo , Gossen Manfred , Strunk Dirk , Geißler Sven , Mundlos Stefan , Stricker Sigmar , Knaus Petra , Giorgio Elisa , Spielmann Malte 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeterotopic ossification is a disorder caused by abnormal mineralization of soft tissues in which signaling pathways such as BMP, TGFβ and WNT are known key players in driving ectopic bone formation. Identifying novel genes and pathways related to the mineralization process are important steps for future gene therapy in bone disorders. In this study, we detect an inter-chromosomal insertional duplication in a female proband disrupting a topologically associating domain and causing an ultra-rare progressive form of heterotopic ossification. This structural variant lead to enhancer hijacking and misexpression of ARHGAP36 in fibroblasts, validated here by orthogonal in vitro studies. In addition, ARHGAP36 overexpression inhibits TGFβ, and activates hedgehog signaling and genes/proteins related to extracellular matrix production. Our work on the genetic cause of this heterotopic ossification case has revealed that ARHGAP36 plays a role in bone formation and metabolism, outlining first details of this gene contributing to bone-formation and -disease.
Total escape of SARS-CoV-2 from dual monoclonal antibody therapy in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: Jaki Lena , Weigang Sebastian , Kern Lisa , Kramme Stefanie , Wrobel Antoni G. , Grawitz Andrea B. , Nawrath Philipp , Martin Stephen R. , Dähne Theo , Beer Julius , Disch Miriam , Kolb Philipp , Gutbrod Lisa , Reuter Sandra , Warnatz Klaus , Schwemmle Martin , Gamblin Steven J. , Neumann-Haefelin Elke , Schnepf Daniel , Welte Thomas , Kochs Georg , Huzly Daniela , Panning Marcus , Fuchs Jonas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against the spike of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are effective therapeutic options to combat infections in high-risk patients. Here, we report the adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to the mAb cocktail REGN-COV in a kidney transplant patient with hypogammaglobulinemia. Following mAb treatment, the patient did not clear the infection. During viral persistence, SARS-CoV-2 acquired three novel spike mutations. Neutralization and mouse protection analyses demonstrate a complete viral escape from REGN-COV at the expense of ACE-2 binding. Final clearance of the virus occurred upon reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen and total IgG substitution. Serology suggests that the development of highly neutralizing IgM rather than IgG substitution aids clearance. Our findings emphasise that selection pressure by mAbs on SARS-CoV-2 can lead to development of escape variants in immunocompromised patients. Thus, modification of immunosuppressive therapy, if possible, might be preferable to control and clearance of the viral infection.
Active site recovery and N-N bond breakage during hydrazine oxidation boosting the electrochemical hydrogen production
Authors: Zhu Libo , Huang Jian , Meng Ge , Wu Tiantian , Chen Chang , Tian Han , Chen Yafeng , Kong Fantao , Chang Ziwei , Cui Xiangzhi , Shi Jianlin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSubstituting hydrazine oxidation reaction for oxygen evolution reaction can result in greatly reduced energy consumption for hydrogen production, however, the mechanism and the electrochemical utilization rate of hydrazine oxidation reaction remain ambiguous. Herein, a bimetallic and hetero-structured phosphide catalyst has been fabricated to catalyze both hydrazine oxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions, and a new reaction path of nitrogen-nitrogen single bond breakage has been proposed and confirmed in hydrazine oxidation reaction. The high electro-catalytic performance is attributed to the instantaneous recovery of metal phosphide active site by hydrazine and the lowered energy barrier, which enable the constructed electrolyzer using bimetallic phosphide catalyst at both sides to reach 500 mA cm−2 for hydrogen production at 0.498 V, and offer an enhanced hydrazine electrochemical utilization rate of 93%. Such an electrolyzer can be powered by a bimetallic phosphide anode-equipped direct hydrazine fuel cell, achieving self-powered hydrogen production at a rate of 19.6 mol h−1 m−2.
Acceleration of U.S. Southeast and Gulf coast sea-level rise amplified by internal climate variability
Authors: Dangendorf Sönke , Hendricks Noah , Sun Qiang , Klinck John , Ezer Tal , Frederikse Thomas , Calafat Francisco M. , Wahl Thomas , Törnqvist Torbjörn E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile there is evidence for an acceleration in global mean sea level (MSL) since the 1960s, its detection at local levels has been hampered by the considerable influence of natural variability on the rate of MSL change. Here we report a MSL acceleration in tide gauge records along the U.S. Southeast and Gulf coasts that has led to rates (>10 mm yr−1 since 2010) that are unprecedented in at least 120 years. We show that this acceleration is primarily induced by an ocean dynamic signal exceeding the externally forced response from historical climate model simulations. However, when the simulated forced response is removed from observations, the residuals are neither historically unprecedented nor inconsistent with internal variability in simulations. A large fraction of the residuals is consistent with wind driven Rossby waves in the tropical North Atlantic. This indicates that this ongoing acceleration represents the compounding effects of external forcing and internal climate variability.
Effectiveness of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines among older adults in Shanghai: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Zhuoying , Xu Shuangfei , Liu Jiechen , Wu Linlin , Qiu Jing , Wang Nan , Ren Jia , Li Zhi , Guo Xiang , Tao Fangfang , Chen Jian , Lu Donglei , Wang Yuheng , Li Juan , Sun Xiaodong , Wang Weibing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe conducted a matched retrospective cohort study of two cohorts to estimate inactivated vaccine effectiveness (VE) and its comparative effectiveness of booster dose among older people in Shanghai. Cohort 1 consisted of a vaccinated group (≥1 dose) and an unvaccinated group (3,317,475 pairs), and cohort 2 consisted of a booster vaccinated group and a fully vaccinated group (2,084,721 pairs). The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression models were used to estimate risk and hazard ratios (HRs) study outcomes. For cohort 1, the overall estimated VEs of ≥1 dose of inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe/critical Covid-19, and Covid-19 related death were 24.7% (95%CI 23.7%−25.7%), 86.6% (83.1%−89.4%), and 93.2% (88.0%−96.1%), respectively. Subset analysis showed that the booster vaccination provided greatest protection. For cohort 2, compared with full vaccination, relative VEs of booster dose against corresponding outcome were 16.3% (14.4%−17.9%), 60.5% (37.8%−74.9%), and 81.7% (17.5%−95.9%). Here we show, although under the scenario of persistent dynamic zero-Covid policy and non-pharmaceutical interventions, promoting high uptake of the full vaccination series and booster dose among older adults is critically important. Timely vaccination with the booster dose provided effective protection against Covid-19 outcomes.
The role of oxygen-vacancy in bifunctional indium oxyhydroxide catalysts for electrochemical coupling of biomass valorization with CO2 conversion
Authors: Ye Fenghui , Zhang Shishi , Cheng Qingqing , Long Yongde , Liu Dong , Paul Rajib , Fang Yunming , Su Yaqiong , Qu Liangti , Dai Liming , Hu Chuangang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrochemical coupling of biomass valorization with carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion provides a promising approach to generate value-added chemicals on both sides of the electrolyzer. Herein, oxygen-vacancy-rich indium oxyhydroxide (InOOH-OV) is developed as a bifunctional catalyst for CO2reduction to formate and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with faradaic efficiencies for both over 90.0% at optimized potentials. Atomic-scale electron microscopy images and density functional theory calculations reveal that the introduction of oxygen vacancy sites causes lattice distortion and charge redistribution. Operando Raman spectra indicate oxygen vacancies could protect the InOOH-OVfrom being further reduced during CO2conversion and increase the adsorption competitiveness for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over hydroxide ions in alkaline electrolytes, making InOOH-OVa main-group p-block metal oxide electrocatalyst with bifunctional activities. Based on the catalytic performance of InOOH-OV, a pH-asymmetric integrated cell is fabricated by combining the CO2reduction and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation together in a single electrochemical cell to produce 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and formate with high yields (both around 90.0%), providing a promising approach to generate valuable commodity chemicals simultaneously on both electrodes.
Stereodefined polymetalloid alkenes synthesis via stereoselective boron-masking of polyborylated alkenes
Authors: Eghbarieh Nadim , Hanania Nicole , Masarwa Ahmad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolyborylated-alkenes are valuable polymetalloid reagents in modern organic synthesis, providing access to a wide array of transformations, including the construction of multiple C–C and C–heteroatom bonds. However, because they contain similar boryl groups, many times their transformation faces the main challenge in controlling the chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. One way to overcome these limitations is by installing different boron groups that can provide an opportunity to tune their reactivity toward better chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. Yet, the preparation of polyborylated-alkenes containing different boryl groups has been rare. Herein we report concise, highly site-selective, and stereoselective boron-masking strategies of polyborylated alkenes. This is achieved by designed stereoselective trifluorination and MIDA-ation reactions of readily available starting polyborylated alkenes. Additionally, the trifluoroborylated-alkenes undergo a stereospecific interconversion to Bdan-alkenes. These transition-metal free reactions provide a general and efficient method for the conversion of polyborylated alkenes to access 1,1-di-, 1,2-di-, 1,1,2-tris-(borylated) alkenes containing BF3M, Bdan, and BMIDA, a family of compounds that currently lack efficient synthetic access. Moreover, tetraborylethene undergoes the metal-free MIDA-ation reaction to provide the mono BMIDA tetraboryl alkene selectively. The mixed polyborylalkenes are then demonstrated to be useful in selective C–C and C–heteroatom bond-forming reactions. Given its simplicity and versatility, these stereoselective boron-masking approaches hold great promise for organoboron synthesis and will result in more transformations.
Migrating mule deer compensate en route for phenological mismatches
Authors: Ortega Anna C. , Aikens Ellen O. , Merkle Jerod A. , Monteith Kevin L. , Kauffman Matthew J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBillions of animals migrate to track seasonal pulses in resources. Optimally timing migration is a key strategy, yet the ability of animals to compensate for phenological mismatches en route is largely unknown. Using GPS movement data collected from 72 adult female deer over a 10-year duration, we study a population of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Wyoming that lack reliable cues on their desert winter range, causing them to start migration 70 days ahead to 52 days behind the wave of spring green-up. We show that individual deer arrive at their summer range within an average 6-day window by adjusting movement speed and stopover use. Late migrants move 2.5 times faster and spend 72% less time on stopovers than early migrants, which allows them to catch the green wave. Our findings suggest that ungulates, and potentially other migratory species, possess cognitive abilities to recognize where they are in space and time relative to key resources. Such behavioral capacity may allow migratory taxa to maintain foraging benefits amid rapidly changing phenology.