bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Site-specific phosphorylation of tau impacts mitochondrial biology and response to stressors
Authors: Isei Michael O , Girardi Peter A , Rodwell-Bullock Joel , Nehrke Keith , Johnson Gail VW 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhosphorylation of tau at sites associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) likely plays a role in the disease progression. Mitochondrial impairment, correlating with increased presence of phosphorylated tau, has been identified as a contributing factor to neurodegenerative processes in AD. However, how tau phosphorylated at specific sites impacts mitochondrial function has not been fully defined. We examined how AD-relevant phosphomimetics of tau impact selected aspects of mitochondrial biology. To mimic phosphorylation at AD-associated sites, the Ser/Thr sites in wild-type GFP tagged-tau (T4) were converted to glutamic acid (E) to make pseudophosphorylated GFP tagged-Ser-396/404 (2EC) and GFP tagged-Thr-231/Ser-235 (2EM) constructs. These constructs were expressed in neuronal HT22 cells and their impact on specific mitochondrial functions and responses to stressors were measured. Phosphomimetic tau altered mitochondrial distribution. Specifically, mitochondria accumulated in the soma of cells expressing either 2EC or 2EM, and neurite-like extensions in 2EC cells were shorter. Additionally, ATP levels were reduced in both 2EC and 2EM expressing cells, and ROS production increased in 2EC cells during oxidation of succinate when compared to T4 expressing cells. Thapsigargin reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) and increased ROS production in both 2EC and 2EM cells relative to T4 cells, with no significant difference in the effects of rotenone. These results show that tau phosphorylation at specific AD-relevant epitopes negatively affects mitochondria, with the extent of dysfunction and stress response varying according to the sites of phosphorylation. Altogether, these findings extend our understanding of potential mechanisms whereby phosphorylated tau promotes mitochondria dysfunction in tauopathies, including AD.Funding informationR01 AG067617
Sex differences in patch-leaving foraging decisions in rats
Authors: Garcia Marissa , Gupta Sukriti , Wikenheiser Andrew M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ubiquity, importance, and sophistication of foraging behavior makes it an ideal platform for studying naturalistic decision making in animals. We developed a spatial patch-foraging task for rats, in which subjects chose how long to remain in one foraging patch as the rate of food earnings steadily decreased. The cost of seeking out a new location was varied across sessions. The behavioral task was designed to mimic the structure of natural foraging problems, where distinct spatial locations are associated with different reward statistics, and decisions require navigation and movement through space. Male and female Long-Evans rats generally followed the predictions of theoretical models of foraging, albeit with a consistent tendency to persist with patches for too long compared to behavioral strategies that maximize food intake rate. The tendency to choose overly-long patch residence times was stronger in male rats. We also observed sex differences in locomotion as rats performed the task, but these differences in movement only partially accounted for the differences in patch residence durations observed between male and female rats. Together, these results suggest a nuanced relationship between movement, sex, and foraging decisions.Significance statementForaging behavior offers a naturalistic way of studying temporal investment amongst different choice options, a translationally-important form of decision making. Previous laboratory investigations have relied on foraging tasks that require little movement from subjects, which could affect the strategies that animals use and the neural mechanisms that support them. We developed a spatial foraging task for rats. Behavior generally matched the predictions of theoretical models, although rats remained in patches for longer than prescribed. Male rats exhibited a stronger tendency to overharvest patches than female rats. Sex differences in movement did not account for sex differences in foraging. These data highlight the interplay between movement and decision making, and demonstrate the utility of spatial tasks for studies of foraging.
Default Mode and Dorsal Attention Network functional connectivity associated with alpha and beta peak frequency in individuals
Authors: Tripathi Vaibhav , Somers David C 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlpha- and Beta-frequency oscillatory waves are evident in resting-state electro- and magneto-encephalography (EEG, MEG). Higher peak frequencies for Alpha and Beta are associated with greater cognitive health. Aging slows down the alpha and beta waves which are also affected by mental states, disorders such as ADHD, and sleep deprivation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of resting-state brain activity reveals anti-correlation of very low frequency (< 0.1 Hz) fluctuations between two distributed cerebral cortical networks, the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and the Default Mode Network (DMN). DAN activation is related to attentional demands in extrinsic tasks, whereas DMN is associated with mind wandering, episodic memory retrieval, and intrinsic processing. Prior research has found that higher DAN-DMN anticorrelation is related to greater cognitive and mental health. Here, we investigated whether these two measures of cognitive and mental health are related to each other within individuals. We investigated resting-state Functional Connectivity (rsFC) between the DMN and DAN using fMRI and alpha and beta peaks from MEG using two large datasets (n=89 and n=189). We found that more robust anti-correlations between DMN and DAN regions are related to higher peak frequencies of alpha and beta rhythms in the brain. Subjects with higher alpha peak frequencies also show stronger positive within-network connectivity in both the DMN and DAN networks. Females show stronger correspondence between the two measures as compared to males. This association between two non-invasive cognitive neuroscience modalities adds to the growing literature on the biomarkers of cognitive and mental health.Key pointsMEG/EEG biomarker of brain health is correlated with rs-fMRI biomarker of brain healthAlpha and beta peak frequency correlated with DMN-DAN functional connectivityStronger within-network connectivity for subjects with a high alpha peak frequencyFemales have a stronger association between peak frequency and DMN-DAN connectivity
Distinctions in the making: A theoretical discussion of youth and cultural capital
Authors: Prieur Annick , Savage Mike , Flemmen Magne Paalgard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to address the dynamics of contemporary cultural capital by interrogating what counts for young people as valuable cultural resources. Considerable support is given in later scholarship for Bourdieu’s model of the social space, as the overall volume of economic and cultural capital combined is regularly found to be the most important axis of opposition, just as in Bourdieu’s work Distinction. Yet, while Bourdieu found the second axis to be structured by an opposition between those with cultural rather than economic capital, and vice versa, many later studies instead find oppositions between the young and the old to structure the second axis. Up till now, this finding has not been adequately addressed. In this paper, we hold that considering age‐related inequalities offers a powerful way of interpreting recent developments in order to understand the changing stakes of cultural capital, and also their interaction with the intensification of inequalities in economic capital. After a theoretical clarification of the relationship between cultural capital and youth, we will synthesise research on young people and explore the significance of youthful cultural consumption. We will pragmatically focus on the 15–30 years old and put a particular accent on Norwegian studies in our review, as they are the most sophisticated in this genre. Four areas are explored: the restricted role of classical culture; the appeal of popular culture; digital distinctions, and moral‐political positions as markers of distinction.
Moving beyond negative spillover: The positive consequences of an innocent brand's responses to another brand's crisis
Authors: Chang Bugil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigated (a) the negative spillover effects of brand's food‐safety crisis on an entire industry, dominant and nondominant innocent brands in the same product, and (b) the impacts of the innocent brand's response on the responded brand and the entire industry. The study conducted a 2 (market position: dominant vs. nondominant) × 2 (response: no‐response vs. response) between‐subjects design with one additional control group. The findings showed that the negative impact of the dominant brand's crisis spilled over only to nondominant brands, but the innocent brand's response served to overcome the negative effect by recovering the consumer's deteriorated beliefs about the brand and its products to the pre‐crisis level. However, the innocent brand's response did not significantly affect the industry.
Homicides committed by women with mental disorders: A descriptive study conducted in a French secure unit
Authors: Kazemian Koucha , Raymond Sophie , Azoulay Marion , Gasman Ivan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWomen remain a small minority of homicide offenders and appear to be understudied in the scientific literature. Gender‐specific characteristics are however identified by existing studies. The aim of the study was to explore homicides committed by women with mental disorders, by analyzing their sociodemographic, clinical features, and criminological circumstances of the homicide. We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study among all female homicide offenders with mental disorders hospitalized in a French high‐secure unit over a 20‐year period (n = 30). We found that the female patients we studied were a diverse group in terms of their clinical profiles, backgrounds, and criminological characteristics. Confirming previous studies, we observed an over‐representation of young women, unemployed, with a destabilized family situation and history of adverse childhood experiences. Prior self‐ and hetero‐aggressive behavior were frequent. We found a history of suicidal behavior in 40% of cases. Their homicidal acts often occurred impulsively at home, in the evening or at night and were mainly directed toward family members (60%), especially their child(ren) (46.7%), then acquaintances (36.7%), and rarely a stranger. We found symptomatic and diagnostic heterogeneity: schizophrenia (40%), schizoaffective disorder (10%), delusional disorder (6.7%), mood disorders (26.7%), and borderline personality disorder (16.7%). Mood disorders were exclusively unipolar or bipolar depressions, often with psychotic features. The majority of patients had received psychiatric care prior to the act. We identified four subgroups, according to psychopathology and criminal motives: delusional (46.7%), melancholic (20%), homicide‐suicide dynamic (16.7%), and impulsive outbursts (16.7%). We consider that further studies are necessary.
Association of parental divorce, discord, and polygenic risk with children's alcohol initiation and lifetime risk for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Kuo Sally I‐Chun , Thomas Nathaniel S. , Aliev Fazil , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Dick Danielle M. , McCutcheon Vivia V. , Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Chan Grace , Kamarajan Chella , Kramer John R. , Hesselbrock Victor , Plawecki Martin H. , Porjesz Bernice , Tischfield Jay , Salvatore Jessica E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundParental divorce and discord are associated with poorer alcohol‐related outcomes for offspring. However, not all children exposed to these stressors develop alcohol problems. Our objective was to test gene‐by‐environment interaction effects whereby children's genetic risk for alcohol problems modifies the effects of parental divorce and discord to predict alcohol outcomes.MethodsThe sample included European (EA; N = 5608, 47% male, Mage ~ 36 years) and African (AA; N = 1714, 46% female, Mage ~ 33 years) ancestry participants from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Outcomes included age at initiation of regular drinking and lifetime DSM‐5 alcohol use disorder (AUD). Predictors included parental divorce, parental relationship discord, and offspring alcohol problems polygenic risk scores (PRSALC). Mixed effects Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine alcohol initiation and generalized linear mixed effects models were used to examine lifetime AUD. Tests of PRS moderation of the effects of parental divorce/relationship discord on alcohol outcomes were examined on multiplicative and additive scales.ResultsAmong EA participants, parental divorce, parental discord, and higher PRSALC were associated with earlier alcohol initiation and greater lifetime AUD risk. Among AA participants, parental divorce was associated with earlier alcohol initiation and discord was associated with earlier initiation and AUD. PRSALC was not associated with either. Parental divorce/discord and PRSALC interacted on an additive scale in the EA sample, but no interactions were found in AA participants.ConclusionsChildren's genetic risk for alcohol problems modifies the impact of parental divorce/discord, consistent with an additive model of diathesis–stress interaction, with some differences across ancestry.
How do nurses use early warning system vital signs observation charts in rural, remote and regional health care facilities: A scoping review
Authors: Augutis Wendy , Flenady Tracy , Le Lagadec Danielle , Jefford Elaine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionPhysiological signs of clinical deterioration are known to occur in the hours preceding a serious adverse event. As a result, track and trigger systems known as early warning systems (EWS) were introduced and routinely implemented as patient observation tools to trigger an alert in the presence of abnormal vital signs.ObjectiveThe objective aimed to explore the literature pertaining to EWS and their utilisation in rural, remote and regional health care facilities.DesignThe Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework was used to guide the scoping review. Only studies reporting on rural, remote and regional health care settings were included. All four authors participated in the screening, data extraction and analysis process.FindingsOur search strategy yielded 3869 peer‐reviewed articles published between 2012 and 2022, with six studies ultimately included. Collectively, the studies included in this scoping review examined the complex interaction between patient vital signs observation charts and recognition of patient deterioration.DiscussionWhilst rural, remote and regional clinicians use EWS to recognise and respond to clinical deterioration, noncompliance dilutes the tool's effectiveness. This overarching finding is informed by three contributing factors: documentation, communication and challenges specific to the rural context.ConclusionThe success of EWS relies on accurate documentation and effective communication within the interdisciplinary team to support appropriate responses to clinical patient decline. More research is required to understand the nuances and complexities of rural and remote nursing and to address challenges associated with the use of EWS in rural health care settings.
Growing Our Own Rural, Remote and Aboriginal Health Workforce: Contributions made, approaches taken and lessons learnt by three rural Australian academic health departments
Authors: Naden Kathryn , Hampton Denise , Walke Emma , Pavlovic Susan Parker , Graham Siobahn , Jones Debra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThis paper describes the investments made, approaches taken and lessons learnt by three rural Australian academic health departments engaged in the delivery of the Health Career Academy Program (HCAP). The program seeks to address the under‐representation of rural, remote and Aboriginal populations within Australia's health workforce.ContextSignificant resources are directed towards rural practice exposure for metropolitan health students to address workforce shortages. Fewer resources are directed towards health career strategies that focus on the earlier engagement of rural, remote and Aboriginal secondary school students, those in Years 7–10. Best practice career development principles highlight the importance of earlier engagement in the promotion of health career aspirations and in influencing secondary school student career intentions and uptake of health professions.ApproachThis paper describes: delivery contexts; the theory and evidence that has informed the HCAP; program design, adaptability and scalability; program focus on priming the rural health career pipeline; program alignment to best practice career development principles; enablers and barriers confronted in program delivery, and lessons learnt to inform rural health workforce policy and resourcing.ConclusionThere is a need to invest in programs that seek to attract rural, remote and Aboriginal secondary school students to health professions if Australia is to develop a sustainable rural health workforce. A failure to invest earlier undermines opportunities to engage diverse and aspiring youth in Australia's health workforce. Program contributions, approaches and lessons learnt can inform the work of other agencies seeking to include these populations in health career initiatives.
Board gender diversity, government subsidies, and green vehicles sales: Evidence from China
Authors: Singh Vik , Sui Sui , Guo Xiaodan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article investigates whether increased female representation on a board improves firm performance in terms of electric vehicle (EV) sales in China when government subsidies are available. The increase in EV sales in China is a direct result of the sustainability efforts spearheaded by the various levels of local and state governments. This area is of importance due to the rising Chinese footprint in global EV sales, the increasing role of subsidies, and a transformation from State‐Owned Enterprises (SOEs) to market‐driven firms that are more likely to pay attention to corporate governance issues such as board diversity. Using the instrumental variable (IV) approach, we estimate a two‐stage least squares (2SLS) regression to control for more women representation on EV boards using firm‐level data. The results indicate that board gender diversity (BGD) positively impacts firm performance in terms of EV sales. Furthermore, the effect amplifies in the presence of government subsidies. The insights provide valuable contributions to bridge the critical literature gap on how board diversity impacts firm performance in the presence of subsidies and offer valuable insights into corporate governance and policymaking.
Financial toxicity in pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Gompers Annika , Larson Elysia , Esselen Katharine M. , Farid Huma , Dodge Laura E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe financial burden of pregnancy in the United States can be high and is associated with worse mental health and birth outcomes. Research on the financial burden of health care, such as the development of the COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) tool, has been conducted primarily among patients with cancer. This study aimed to validate the COST tool and use it to measure financial toxicity and its impacts among obstetric patients.MethodsWe used survey and medical record data from obstetric patients at a large medical center in the United States. We validated the COST tool using common factor analysis. We used linear regression to identify risk factors for financial toxicity and to investigate associations between financial toxicity and patient outcomes including satisfaction, access, mental health, and birth outcomes.ResultsThe COST tool measured two distinct constructs of financial toxicity in this sample: current financial toxicity and concern over future financial toxicity. Racial/ethnic category, insurance, neighborhood deprivation, caregiving, and employment were associated with current financial toxicity (P < 0.05 for all). Only racial/ethnic category and caregiving were associated with concern over future financial toxicity (P < 0.05 for all). Both current and future financial toxicity were associated with worse patient–provider communication, depressive symptoms, and stress (P < 0.05 for all). Financial toxicity was not associated with birth outcomes or keeping obstetric visits.ConclusionsThe COST tool captures two constructs among obstetric patients, current and future financial toxicity, both of which are associated with worse mental health and patient–provider communication.
Employer associations in Italy: Trends and economic outcomes
Authors: Fanfani Bernardo , Lucifora Claudio , Vigani Daria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study analyses the representativeness of employer associations in Italy, using unique firm‐level data with information on employers' affiliation and their characteristics. We document that a persistent decline in affiliation rates to employers' associations has occurred during the last two decades. We show that affiliated companies are positively selected, as they tend to be larger, older, more likely to be located in richer regions, to be export and innovation oriented, and more likely to provide training. Using longitudinal data and regression decomposition techniques, we show that larger firms have been more affected by the decline in affiliation rates over time. Finally, we show that the level of representativeness of employers' associations has a weak positive effect on collective bargaining occupational wage minima settled by these organizations in national industry‐wide collective contracts after a negotiation process with trade unions.
Expressive touch in health and social care: A review of touch guidance to explore the extent to which social and communication needs of adults with learning disabilities are considered
Authors: Collett Zoe , Moll Deborah , Colston Amanda , McKim Jules , Elsworth Julie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeople with a learning disability can present with complex physical and social needs, and sometimes rely on touch for communication. Historically, touch‐related staff guidance has been described as risk‐averse, lacking an evidence base, control‐orientated and potentially harmful. This project reviews local touch‐related guidance from adult learning disability services, exploring the extent to which they consider the social and communication needs of service users.MethodsFive touch‐related guidance documents were analysed using a summative content analysis. Counts of relevant search terms were analysed quantitatively. Extracts containing the search terms were then analysed qualitatively, to explore their context.FindingsConsiderable variation was noted between the guidance documents. All the documents discuss communication within the context of touch, although to varying extents. The analysis highlighted a focus on safety and risk within most documents, however, some documents also demonstrated encouragement of positive risk management and the safe use of touch.ConclusionsWhile this study has identified several positive aspects of the guidance documents, these helpful recommendations and arguments appear inconsistently within individual documents. Services should work towards developing guidance that consistently considers practical steps to reduce risk and facilitate the safe and effective use of expressive touch cross‐service. Further research into current practice relating to expressive touch is indicated.