bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground‐based infrared thermometry reveals seasonal evapotranspiration patterns in semiarid rangelands
Authors: Hwang Kyotaek , Chandler David G. , Flerchinger Gerald N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDetailed assessment of small‐scale heterogeneity in local surface water balance is essential to accurate estimation of evapotranspiration in semiarid climates. However, meteorological approaches are often impractical to implement in sites with sparse and diverse vegetation composition, especially with seasonally variable leaf canopy features. Ground‐based infrared thermometry (TIR) provides spatially and temporally continuous resolution of surface skin temperature that can be directly related to the land surface energy balance. We made repeated measurements with a portable TIR camera to capture seasonal replicates for patch scale heat images for four sagebrush communities. The heat images near peak foliage and near the end of the growing season were compared by computation of surface energy fluxes from TIR sensing to surface energy balance (SEB) and Bowen ratio (BR). Estimates of sensible (H) and latent heat flux (LE) were evaluated with eddy covariance measurements to disaggregate the expression of seasonal phenology of sagebrush species across wetness and elevation. Estimations showed reasonable agreement with ground‐based LE observations for most cases (r2 = 0.59–0.76 for SEB and 0.22–0.72 for BR; root mean squared error = 73.4–106.4 W m−2 for SEB and 109.9–204.0 W m−2 for BR). Predictability declined as the fraction of senescent foliage increased in dry conditions. The field trials suggest the methods have the potential for monitoring land surface energy fluxes and plant health at a very fine spatial scale. The ability to partition heat fluxes from various plant communities over a range of moisture availability will provide valuable information associated with the consumptive water use and phenological processes in the semiarid West.
Combined first trimester screening for trisomy 21: Assessment of excess risk in case of free ß‐human chorionic gonadotrophin between 5 and 10 multiples of the median
Authors: Atallah Anthony , Leport Hélène , Sault Corinne , De La Fournière Benoit , Huissoud Cyril , Cortet Marion 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe first trimester combined risk of trisomy 21 is obtained by multiplying the risk related to maternal age by the likelihood ratios of nuchal translucency, free beta‐human chorionic gonadotrophin (β‐hCG) and placenta associated plasma protein‐A. Beyond five multiples of the median (MoM) of β‐hCG, the risk of trisomy 21 is truncated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the evolution of the first trimester combined risk of trisomy 21 in individuals with first‐trimester free‐β‐hCG levels between 5 and 10 MoM.MethodsWe conducted a non‐interventional cohort study from a 6‐year database of combined first‐trimester trisomy 21 screening of all individuals who underwent the screening in a French specialized medical analysis center. We included all pregnant individuals who had a serum‐free β‐hCG between 5 and 10 MoM. Patients for whom the status of the fetus, with or without trisomy 21, was not identified by the outcome of the pregnancy or by a karyotype result were excluded from the study. The discriminatory capacity of free‐β‐hCG above 5 MoM was studied by a receiver operating characteristic curve. We used an orthogonal polynomial regression to represent the evolution of likelihood ratios according to free‐β‐hCG in MoM.ResultsAmong 413 216 combined first‐trimester screens of trisomy 21, 2239 (0.5%) screens met the inclusion criteria. In the selected population, 801 (35.8%) were excluded from the study because of missing fetal or neonatal status, and 46 (3.2%) fetuses out of 1438 included were diagnosed with trisomy 21. For free β‐hCG values between 5 and 10 MoM, the area under the curve is 0.56 (0.46–0.65). The scatterplot of the likelihood ratio of β‐hCG showed an increasing parabolic pattern: the likelihood of trisomy 21 increases with the free‐β‐hCG threshold.ConclusionTo override the truncated risk of trisomy 21 in case of free β‐hCG values between 5 and 10 MoM, the study has allowed us to estimate the adjusted risk of trisomy 21, enabling health professionals to offer appropriate prenatal counseling.
Development of a water‐energy‐food nexus model for multiscale studies
Authors: Mondal Krishna , Tantuway Raja Babu , Chatterjee Chandranath , Singh Rajendra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA spatially distributed water‐energy‐food (WEF) nexus model has been developed using the Pardee‐RAND WEF approach to analyse the WEF security of an area. The Pardee‐RAND equations have been modified to include the earlier neglected WEF indicators to tackle the WEF challenges holistically. The model is coded in Python and has an operating system‐independent graphical user interface (GUI). The model helps understand the WEF nexus by calculating water energy, food subindices and the WEF nexus index. We tested the model in the Kangsabati River Basin (distributed at the block level) and across India (states/union territory level). The result shows that the WEF nexus indices vary significantly over the country's small (block) to large (state) administrative units. The water energy and food subindices and WEF nexus index for the Kangsabati River Basin are 0.89, 0.73, 0.79 and 0.80, respectively, while for India, the corresponding values are 0.67, 0.53, 0.73 and 0.63, respectively. The blocks or states/union territories needing specific policy interventions are identified. The study will help influence policy and resource planning at different administrative levels to ensure better management of WEF resources holistically and equitably.
Using an intensive interdisciplinary telehealth model to treat pediatric feeding disorders
Authors: Patel Meeta R. , Rosenlund Kerri , Miller Stephanie E. , Andersen Ashley S. , Miles Aida 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe necessity of treatment using telehealth was apparent during the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic, as many practitioners were forced to use telehealth as a primary mode of service delivery. Although the telehealth model has been studied for different populations, little is known about its success when applied with children with feeding disorders and complex medical histories. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using a telehealth model from the onset of treatment. All 5 children who participated engaged in low levels of acceptance and high levels of inappropriate mealtime behavior during baseline. Caregivers were taught to implement the treatment with high integrity using behavioral skills training. Procedural integrity increased posttraining, and as a result acceptance increased and inappropriate mealtime behavior decreased. Treatment gains maintained during follow up at 1 month and 1 year. These data are discussed in relation to alternative ways of providing treatment in locations where intensive feeding programs are not available.
Behavioral pharmacology of methocinnamox: A potential new treatment for opioid overdose and opioid use disorder
Authors: Maguire David R. , France Charles P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOpioid overdose and opioid use disorder continue to be significant public health challenges despite the availability of effective medications and significant efforts at all levels of society. The emergence of highly potent and efficacious opioids such as fentanyl and its derivatives over the last decade has only exacerbated what was already a substantial problem. Behavioral pharmacology research has proven invaluable for understanding the effects of drugs as well as developing and evaluating pharmacotherapies for disorders involving the central nervous system, including substance abuse disorders. This paper describes a program of research characterizing a potent, selective, and long‐lasting mu opioid receptor antagonist, methocinnamox, and evaluating its potential for treating opioid overdose and opioid use disorder. Studies in rodents and nonhuman primates demonstrate that methocinnamox prevents and reverses opioid‐induced ventilatory depression and selectively blocks opioid self‐administration. This work, taken together with rigorous in vitro and ex vivo studies investigating methocinnamox neuropharmacology, lays a solid foundation for the therapeutic utility of this potentially life‐saving medication. Moreover, these studies demonstrate how rigorous behavioral pharmacological studies can be integrated in a broader drug discovery and development research program.
Team abusive supervision and team behavioral resistance to change: The roles of distrust in the supervisor and perceived frequency of change
Authors: Peng Jian , Nie Qi , Cheng Yucong 
Published: February 2023

SummaryWhy do teams exhibit behavioral resistance to change? It depends on the behavior of team supervisors who are in charge of change implementation. Drawing on social exchange theory and the norm of negative reciprocity, we expect that teams reciprocate team abusive supervision through behavioral resistance to change and that this relationship is explained by team distrust in the supervisor and contingent upon team perceived frequency of change. To test these hypotheses, we collected three‐wave data from 124 teams in four Chinese organizations that were implementing a pay system based on team performance. The results showed that team abusive supervision was positively related to team behavioral resistance to change. Both team cognitive distrust and affective distrust mediated the relationship between team abusive supervision and team behavioral resistance to change. Moreover, perceived frequency of change strengthened the relationship between team abusive supervision and team affective distrust (rather than team cognitive distrust) in the supervisor and the indirect relationship between team abusive supervision and team behavioral resistance to change via team affective distrust. By employing a team abusive supervision perspective, this study expands our knowledge of the drivers of team behavioral resistance to change and provides insights regarding how supervisors should lead their teams during organizational change.
Rapid detection and whole class control of quinolone antibiotics in pork based on surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zheng Xiao‐Bing , Liu Sheng‐Hong , Wen Bao‐Ying , Peng Wei , Li Hong‐Mei , Kathiresan Murugavel , Zhang Yue‐Jiao , Jin Shang‐Zhong , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe problem of excessive quinolone antibiotic residues in pork has stimulated great attention from the international community. However, due to the diversity and structural similarity of quinolone antibiotics, it is difficult to perform multi‐residue rapid detection at the same time. Currently, antibiotic multi‐residue detection methods include ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and colloidal gold immunochromatography. However, it cannot be widely used in on‐site rapid detection due to its shortcomings such as the need for high cost and low sensitivity. Herein, we report the use of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology for the study of similar structures of quinolone antibiotics. A method for whole class control and rapid quantitative detection of all quinolone antibiotics in pork was established. By using the above method, the detection limit of single standard quinolone antibiotics was 10 μg L−1, and the detection limit of the mixed standard was 1 μg L−1, meeting the international requirements for the detection limit of quinolone antibiotics in pork. At last, by adding a variety of quinolone antibiotics to pork, the real detection set‐up was simulated. The recovery of standard addition was 86.6%–95.3%, and the whole class control method has been well applied, which is of great significance for the detection of pork quinolone antibiotics. Compared with colloidal gold immunochromatography, our method has 2.5 times the detection speed, 1/60 times the cost, and can be quantitatively detected. The method is simple, economical, and efficient and has great application value with broad application prospects in the field of rapid detection of pork antibiotics in the future.
Quantifying recent trends in multifaceted cropland intensification in China: Cropping intensity, land productivity, and their effects on farmer livelihoods
Authors: Li Guoyu , Wang Jiayi , Cao Yu , Savage David , Chen Hang , Wu Qing , Sun Kaiying , Pijanowski Bryan C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAssessing changes in the extent and intensity of cropland use is essential to understanding the processes underlying agricultural development. However, our knowledge of the spatiotemporal dynamics of cropland intensification, and how they connect to the livelihoods of rural households, is currently limited. This paper aims to quantify key components of cropland intensification in China through trend analysis of cropping intensity and land productivity over time. This information is then used to model the effects of cropland intensification on farmers’ livelihoods. We found that most croplands were under intensive use characterized by steady cropping frequency or multi‐cropping from 2001 to 2018, while the variation in cropping frequency exhibited a significant north–south spatial disparity. High cropping intensity increased land productivity. However, over 25% of the total cropland area experienced productivity improvements that were characterized as inconsistent. Our work suggests that the economic output of farming is greatly driven by land management intensity and that fertilizer use is the predominant driver of this. We also found that cropping intensity at the landscape scale showed no correlation with agricultural income, but land productivity correlated significantly with both land management intensity and rural livelihood metrics. The findings presented here highlight the importance of integrating the long‐term consistency of land productivity and rural livelihoods into the research framework of land use intensification. Doing so advances the current understanding of diverse cropland use change in China.
On the role of grain size variation on pitting corrosion and passive film behavior of Alloy 600H
Authors: Kaithwas Chandra K. , Bairi Lipika R. , Mozumder Yahya H. , Pradhan Sumanta K. , Mandal Sumantra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, the effect of grain size variation on the pitting corrosion as well as the passivation behavior of the Alloy 600H has been critically assessed by various electrochemical techniques. The grain size modifications have been achieved by a series of thermal and thermo‐mechanical processing. The potentiodynamic polarization study has revealed that the coarse‐grained specimens exhibit higher corrosion and pitting resistance than the fine‐grained ones. This has been attributed to the greater extent of random high‐angle grain boundary (RHAGB) surface area in the fine‐grained specimens, which acted as favorable locations for pit initiation. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) result has indicated the formation of more imperfect (nonstoichiometric) passive layers in fine‐grained specimens due to the predominant presence of high energy and defective RHAGBs surface. Moreover, the Mott–Schottky analysis has revealed that the fine‐grained specimens generate higher defect densities at the interfaces, which leads to passive film instability due to increased mobility of cation interstitial and cation vacancies at the interfaces.
Improvement of Poly(lactide) Ductile Properties by Plasticization with Biobased Tartaric Acid Ester
Authors: Gomez‐Caturla Jaume , Dominguez‐Candela Ivan , Medina‐Casas Martha Patricia , Ivorra‐Martinez Juan , Moreno Virginia , Balart Rafael , Garcia‐Garcia Daniel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiethyl l‐tartrate (DET) is used as a biobased plasticizer for poly(lactide) (PLA) formulations with improved ductile properties without compromising biodegradation. Different weight percentages (wt.%) of DET in the 0–50 wt.% range are added to PLA by melt compounding and subsequently processed by injection molding. The effect of wt.% DET on mechanical, thermal, thermo‐mechanical, morphology, biodegradation, and crystallinity is studied. Addition of 20 wt.% DET leads to a noticeable increase in elongation at break up to values of 567%, which is quite an interesting result considering the extreme brittleness of PLA. These results are verified by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images, where filament‐like structures are observed, indicative of an effective plasticization. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) show that the glass transition temperature of PLA is drastically decreased down to values of 23 °C for the sample with the highest amount of DET (50 wt.%), thus increasing its ductility and processability. Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra show that there exists chemical interactions between PLA and DET. Finally, the biodegradability analysis proves that the developed blends are fully biodegradable, achieving complete disintegration after 49 days. It is observed that DET enhanced the disintegration rate of PLA.
High post‐chemotherapy TIL and increased CD4+TIL are independent prognostic factors of surgically resected NSCLC following neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Jia Wenxiao , Guo Hongbo , Wang Min , Li Ji , Yu Jinming , Zhu Hui , Wu Gang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) has significantly improved the overall survival of patients with operable non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Chemotherapy can remodel the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and has an important influence on antitumor immunity. For patients who underwent surgery for resected NSCLC following NCT (NCT‐NSCLC), a prognostic value comparison between naïve and post‐chemotherapy TIME is absent. We enrolled 89 patients with NCT‐NSCLC in this study; the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), CD4+TIL, and CD8+TIL levels in naïve and post‐chemotherapy tumor tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry staining and divided into high and low groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that major pathology response, pathological tumor, node, and metastasis stage post‐NCT (ypTNM), high post‐chemotherapy TIL, high post‐chemotherapy CD8+TIL, low naïve CD4+TIL, low naïve CD4+/CD8+TIL ratio, and increased CD4+TIL levels post‐chemotherapy were favorable prognostic factors in patients with NCT‐NSCLC. Multivariate Cox analysis found that ypTNM, high post‐chemotherapy TIL, and increased CD4+TIL levels post‐chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors in patients with NCT‐NSCLC. These results indicate that a TIME remodeled by chemotherapy plays an important role in antitumor immunity and has a better prognostic value than the naïve TIME.
Segmentation of multiple Organs‐at‐Risk associated with brain tumors based on coarse‐to‐fine stratified networks
Authors: Zhao Qianfei , Wang Guotai , Lei Wenhui , Fu Hao , Qu Yijie , Lu Jiangshan , Zhang Shichuan , Zhang Shaoting 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDelineation of Organs‐at‐Risks (OARs) is an important step in radiotherapy treatment planning. As manual delineation is time‐consuming, labor‐intensive and affected by inter‐ and intra‐observer variability, a robust and efficient automatic segmentation algorithm is highly desirable for improving the efficiency and repeatability of OAR delineation.PurposeAutomatic segmentation of OARs in medical images is challenged by low contrast, various shapes and imbalanced sizes of different organs. We aim to overcome these challenges and develop a high‐performance method for automatic segmentation of 10 OARs required in radiotherapy planning for brain tumors.MethodsA novel two‐stage segmentation framework is proposed, where a coarse and simultaneous localization of all the target organs is obtained in the first stage, and a fine segmentation is achieved for each organ, respectively, in the second stage. To deal with organs with various sizes and shapes, a stratified segmentation strategy is proposed, where a High‐ and Low‐Resolution Residual Network (HLRNet) that consists of a multiresolution branch and a high‐resolution branch is introduced to segment medium‐sized organs, and a High‐Resolution Residual Network (HRRNet) is used to segment small organs. In addition, a label fusion strategy is proposed to better deal with symmetric pairs of organs like the left and right cochleas and lacrimal glands.ResultsOur method was validated on the dataset of MICCAI ABCs 2020 challenge for OAR segmentation. It obtained an average Dice of 75.8% for 10 OARs, and significantly outperformed several state‐of‐the‐art models including nnU‐Net (71.6%) and FocusNet (72.4%). Our proposed HLRNet and HRRNet improved the segmentation accuracy for medium‐sized and small organs, respectively. The label fusion strategy led to higher accuracy for symmetric pairs of organs.ConclusionsOur proposed method is effective for the segmentation of OARs of brain tumors, with a better performance than existing methods, especially on medium‐sized and small organs. It has a potential for improving the efficiency of radiotherapy planning with high segmentation accuracy.
Effect of multi‐epoxy compatibilizers with branched structures on enhancing mechanical and compatibility of PLA/starch composite
Authors: Yu Chongdong , Feng Jianxiang , Feng Kailin , Mo Zhixiang , He Yulin , Wang Qingting , Yu Anyang , Leng Zhiwen , Shi Pu , Liu Yuejun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolylactic acid/starch (PLA/ST) composites are all sustainable origin, have huge cost advantages and degradation tendency to replace petroleum‐based plastics. However, thermodynamic incompatibility between PLA and starch dragged the performance far below expectations. Considering that ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), glycerol triglycidyl ether (GTE), and pentaerythritol glycidyl ether (PGE) have branched multi‐epoxy structure, high epoxy value, and excellent wettability, we firstly explored those materials as compatibilizers in PLA/ST composites. The reactive compatibilization between the epoxy groups on EGDE, GTE, and PGE with the hydroxyl groups on PLA and ST is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) analyses. The mechanical properties show that the introduction of only 3 wt% GTE in PLA/ST composites can induce the tensile strength and elongation at break to be increased by 80% and 38%, respectively. The rheological tests indicate that the introduction of only 3 wt% GTE in PLA/ST composites increased the slopes of Han plots from 0.48 to 0.88. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses show that the crystallinity increases with the content of compatibilizer, up to 31%. The reduction of the gap between PLA and starch interfaces characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) demonstrated that the compatibility of PLA and ST was improved. Furthermore, the effects of EGDE, GTE, and PGE with the same epoxy value but different branch chains on the compatibilization of PLA/ST blends are further discussed. The results show that GTE and PGE with star‐shaped branched structure has a better compatibilization effect on PLA/ST blends than EGDE with linear branched structure.