bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of malignant T1 colorectal cancer polyps: results from a 10‐year prospective observational study
Authors: Johnstone Mark S. , McSorley Stephen T. , McMahon Andrew J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe recurrence risk associated with residual malignant cells (bowel wall/regional nodes) following T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) polypectomy must be weighed against operative morbidity. Our aim was to describe the management and outcomes of a large prospective cohort of T1 CRCs.MethodAll T1 CRCs diagnosed between March 2007 and March 2017 at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary were included. Patients were grouped by polypectomy, rectal local excision and formal resection status. χ2 testing, multivariate binary logistic and Cox regression were performed.ResultsOf 236 patients, 90 (38.1%) underwent polypectomy only, six (2.6%) polypectomy and then rectal excision, 57 (24.2%) polypectomy and then resection, 14 (5.9%) rectal excision only and 69 (29.2%) primary resection. Polypectomy only correlated with male sex (P = 0.028), older age (P < 0.001), distal CRCs (P < 0.001) and pedunculated polyps (P < 0.001); primary resection with larger polyps (P < 0.001); polypectomy then resection with piecemeal excision (P = 0.002) and involved polypectomy margin (P < 0.001). Poor differentiation (OR 7.860, 95% CI 1.117–55.328; P = 0.038) independently predicted lymph node involvement. Submucosal venous invasion (hazard ratio [HR] 10.154, 95% CI 2.087–49.396; P = 0.004) and mucinous subtype (HR 7.779, 95% CI 1.566–38.625; P = 0.012) independently predicted recurrence. Submucosal venous invasion (HR 5.792, 95% CI 1.056–31.754; P = 0.043) predicted CRC‐specific survival. Although 64.4% of polypectomy‐only patients had margin involvement/other risk factors, none developed recurrence. Of 94 with polypectomy margin involvement, five (5.3%) had confirmed residual tumour. Overall, lymph node metastases (7.1%), recurrence (4.2%) and cancer‐specific mortality (3.0%) were rare. Cancer‐specific 5‐year survival was high: polypectomy only (100%), polypectomy and then resection (98.2%), primary resection (100%).ConclusionSurveillance may be safe for more T1 CRC polyp patients. Multidisciplinary team discussion and informed patient choice are critical.
Four‐ and six‐year‐old children track a single meaning with both familiar and unfamiliar referents when the referent is clear: More evidence for propose‐but‐verify
Authors: Wang Felix Hao , Luo Meili , Li Nan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn word learning, learners need to identify the referent of words by leveraging the fact that the same word may co‐occur with different sets of objects. This raises the question, what do children remember from “in the moment” that they can use for cross‐situational learning? Furthermore, do children represent pictures of familiar animals versus drawings of non‐existent novel objects as potential referents differently? This study examined these questions by creating learning scenarios with only two potential referents, requiring the least amount of memory to represent all co‐present objects. Across three experiments (n > 250) with 4‐ and 6‐year‐old children, children reliably selected the intended referent from learning at test, though the learning of novel objects was better than familiar objects. When asked for a co‐present object, children of all ages in the study performed at chance in all of the conditions. We discuss the developmental differences in cross‐situational word learning capabilities with regard to representing different stimuli as potential referents. Importantly, all children used a propose‐but‐verify procedure for learning novel words even in the simplest of the learning scenarios given repeated exposure.
Postoperative seizure and memory outcome of temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis: A systematic review
Authors: Li Yuming , Liu Peiwen , Lin Qiuxing , Zhou Dong , An Dongmei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate postoperative seizure and memory outcomes of temporal lobe epilepsy with different hippocampal sclerosis (HS) subtypes classified by International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Consensus Guidelines in 2013. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) and MOOSE (Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from January 1, 2013 to August 6, 2023. Observational studies reporting seizure and memory outcomes among different HS subtypes were included. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa scale to assess the risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to grade the quality of evidence. Seizure freedom and improved outcome (Engel 1 or ILAE class 1–2) ≥1 year after surgery were defined as the primary and secondary seizure outcome. A random‐effects meta‐analysis by DerSimonian and Laird method was performed to obtain pooled risk ratio (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs). The memory impairment was narratively reviewed because of various evaluation tools. Fifteen cohort studies with 2485 patients were eligible for the meta‐analysis of seizure outcome. Six cohorts with detailed information on postoperative memory outcome were included. The pooled RRs of seizure freedom, with moderate to substantial heterogeneity, were .98 (95% CI = .84–1.15) between HS type 2 and type 1, 1.11 (95% CI = .82–1.52) between type 3 and type 1, and .80 (95% CI = .62–1.03) between the no‐HS and HS groups. No significant difference of improved outcome was found between different subtypes (p > .05). The quality of evidence was deemed to be low to very low according to GRADE. The long‐term seizure outcome (≥5 years after surgery) and memory impairment remained controversial.
Impaired cardiac modulation in patients with functional seizures: Results from a face intensity judgment task
Authors: Koreki Akihiro , Garfinkel Sarah , Critchley Hugo , Cope Sarah , Agrawal Niruj , Edwards Mark , Yogarajah Mahinda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlthough interoceptive abnormality in patients with functional seizure (FSs) has been demonstrated using explicit tasks, implicit measurements of interoception such as the effect of interoception on perceptual brain processes have not been investigated. It has been shown that perception is normally modulated by interoceptive signals related to the different phases (systole vs diastole) of the cardiac cycle (cardiac modulation effect). Given our previous findings using explicit measures of interoception, we hypothesized that cardiac modulation would be impaired in FSs.MethodsThirty‐two patients with FSs and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched non‐clinical individuals conducted a face intensity judgment task, in which their intensity rating when fearful or neutral faces was presented was compared between systolic and diastolic phases. They also conducted the heartbeat discrimination task as a measure of their capacity to integrate both interoceptive and exteroceptive information.ResultsPatients with FSs had impaired cardiac modulation of the perception of neutral faces (corrected p = .044). Individual differences in the heartbeat discrimination task predicted the degree to which cardiac modulation occurred across the whole group (p = .028). This cardiac modulation effect was significantly associated with seizure severity (p = .021). Regardless of cardiac phase, patients rated fearful facial expressions as less intense compared to control participants (p = .006).SignificanceThese findings highlight impaired implicit cardiac modulation effects in patients with FSs. This reflects interoceptive dysfunction in patients with FSs, and an inability of the brain to integrate interoceptive signaling with perceptual processing. This may have implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology in FSs and inform novel diagnostic approaches.
Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of brimonidine for deep sedation
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Rui , Chen Bin , Zhang Ting , Jin Xinghua , Gao Ping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough brimonidine is currently used in the clinical treatment of glaucoma and rosacea, research of the deep sedative effect on animals after systemic administration is reported firstly and has shown promising results.MethodsThe median effective dose (ED50), the median lethal dose (LD50), and the therapeutic index of brimonidine for deep sedation and formalin stimulation assay were determined by various animal experiments. The effect of synergistic anesthesia in rabbits with brimonidine and chloral hydrate was preliminarily evaluated.ResultsThe ED50 of brimonidine for highly effective sedation by intraperitoneal injection in rats was calculated to be 2.05 mg kg−1 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.87 to 2.25 mg kg−1. The ED50 of brimonidine for deep sedation by intravenous and intrarectal injection in rabbits was calculated to be 0.087 mg kg−1 with a 95% CI of 0.084 to 0.091 mg kg−1 and 1.65 mg kg−1 with a 95% CI of 1.43 to 1.91 mg kg−1, respectively. The LD50 of intraperitoneal brimonidine injection in rats was calculated to be 468 mg kg−1 with a 95% CI of 441 to 497 mg kg−1 and a therapeutic index of 228. Brimonidine has a certain analgesic and heart rate lowering effects.ConclusionThe results confirmed that brimonidine has deep sedation and analgesic effects after systemic administration and has high safety. It can be used in combination with other types of sedative drugs to achieve better effects.
Bioremediation of Chlorate and Chromium Contamination with Native Microbial Culture in Cold Climate
Authors: Motevasselin Mehdi , Gorczyca Beata , Kalinovich Indra , Sparling Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChlorate and hexavalent chromium are two chemicals with adverse health effects that may cause groundwater contamination in industrial areas. The objective of this study was to determine if the native microorganisms collected from a site contaminated with chlorate and chromate can lower the concentration of these chemicals in groundwater to acceptable regulatory levels. Several anaerobic microcosm experiments were conducted with synthetic groundwater (media), native microorganisms, acetate as an electron donor, nitrogen, phosphorus, and minerals. The microorganisms utilized 2200 mg/L acetate to remove 1000 mg/L of chlorate and 3 mg/L of hexavalent chromium entirely from the media provided that the groundwater is supplemented with additional nitrogen and phosphorous (with the Carbon:Nitrogen:Phosphorous molar ratio of 100:10:5). The added trace minerals solution prepared based on American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 1191 medium did not improve the remediation process. Native microbial culture derived from the contaminated site removed the chlorate and chromate from the synthetic groundwater at 20 °C in about 40 days. The same removal was achieved at 10 °C, but in a longer timespan of 80 days. This work confirmed the importance of ensuring the presence of sufficient N and P to stimulate chlorate‐ and chromate‐reducing bacteria in the groundwaters.
Probiotic containing Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17648 as an adjunct treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Ismail Nur Izreena , Nawawi Khairul Najmi Muhammad , Hsin Deborah Chew Chia , Hao Kok Wei , Mahmood Nik Ritza Kosai Nik , Chearn Gary Lee Chong , Wong Zhiqin , Tamil Azmi Mohd , Joseph Hazel , Raja Ali Raja Affendi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite multiple therapy regimens, the decline in the Helicobacter pylori eradication rate poses a significant challenge to the medical community. Adding Lactobacillus reuteri probiotic as an adjunct treatment has shown some promising results. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17648 in H. pylori eradication and its effect in ameliorating gastrointestinal symptoms and adverse treatment effects.Materials and MethodsThis randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial involved treatment‐naïve H. pylori‐positive patients. Ninety patients received standard triple therapy for 2 weeks before receiving either a probiotic or placebo for 4 weeks. The posttreatment eradication rate was assessed via a 14C urea breath test in Week 8. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire and an interview on treatment adverse effects were conducted during this study.ResultsThe eradication rate was higher in the probiotic group than in the placebo group, with a 22.2% difference in the intention‐to‐treat analysis (91.1% vs. 68.9%; p = 0.007) and 24.3% difference in the per‐protocol analysis (93.2% vs. 68.9%; p = 0.007). The probiotic group showed significant pre‐ to post‐treatment reductions in indigestion, constipation, abdominal pain, and total GSRS scores. The probiotic group showed significantly greater reductions in GSRS scores than the placebo group: indigestion (4.34 ± 5.00 vs. 1.78 ± 5.64; p = 0.026), abdominal pain (2.64 ± 2.88 vs. 0.89 ± 3.11; p = 0.007), constipation (2.34 ± 3.91 vs. 0.64 ± 2.92; p = 0.023), and total score (12.41 ± 12.19 vs. 4.24 ± 13.72; p = 0.004). The probiotic group reported significantly fewer adverse headache (0% vs. 15.6%; p = 0.012) and abdominal pain (0% vs. 13.3%; p = 0.026) effects.ConclusionsThere was a significant increase in H. pylori eradication rate and attenuation of symptoms and adverse treatment effects when L. reuteri was given as an adjunct treatment.
Intracellular bacterial eradication using a novel peptide in vitro
Authors: Ng Wing Nok Isaac , Kalimuthu Shanthini , Law Carmen Oi Kwan , Lee Angeline Hui Cheng , Lau Terrence Chi Kong , Leung Yiu Yan , Cheung Gary Shun Pan , Neelakantan Prasanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the effect of a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP; OP145) and cell‐penetrating peptide (Octa‐arginine/R8) conjugate on the killing of intracellular Enterococcus faecalis, compared to OP145 and an antibiotic combination recommended for regenerative endodontic procedures.MethodologyThe biocompatible concentrations of OP145 and OP145‐R8 were determined by assessing their cytotoxicity against human macrophages and red blood cells. Spatiotemporal internalization of the peptides into macrophages was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry respectively. Killing of extracellular and intracellular E. faecalis OG1RF by the peptides was determined by counting the colony‐forming units (CFU). Intracellular antibacterial activity of the peptides was compared to a double antibiotic combination. Confocal microscopy was used to confirm the intracellular bacterial eradication. Significant differences between the different test groups were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance. p < .05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsPeptides at a concentration of 7.5 μmol/L were chosen for subsequent experiments based on the results of the alamarBlue™ cell viability assay and haemolytic assay. OP145‐R8 selectively internalized into lysosomal compartments and the cytosol of macrophages. Conjugation with R8 improved the internalization of OP145 into macrophages in a temporal manner (70.53% at 1 h to 77.13% at 2 h), while no temporal increase was observed for OP145 alone (60.53% at 1 h with no increase at 2 h). OP145‐R8 demonstrated significantly greater extracellular and intracellular antibacterial activity compared to OP145 at all investigated time‐points and concentrations (p < .05). OP145‐R8 at 7.5 μmol/L eradicated intracellular E. faecalis after 2 h (3.5 log reduction compared to the control; p < .05), while the antibiotics could not reduce more than 0.5 log CFU compared to the control (p > .05). Confocal microscopy showed complete absence of E. faecalis within the OP145‐R8 treated macrophages.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated that the conjugation of an AMP OP145 to a cell‐penetrating peptide R8 eradicated extracellular and intracellular E. faecalis OG1RF without toxic effects on the host cells.
Hiring on vocational interests to simultaneously improve validity and organizational diversity
Authors: Wee Serena , Newman Daniel A. , Su Rong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe discuss how using vocational interests in the selection process can help address the diversity‐validity dilemma. First, we point out how incorporating vocational interests as predictors in selection could help to reduce adverse impact. We further suggest that by using optimal predictor weights, one could simultaneously improve validity while enhancing organisational diversity. Finally, the predictive validity of vocational interests arises from their ability to capture the congruence between individuals and occupations, which is a cross‐level phenomenon. Thus, when gathering validity evidence for vocational interests, multi‐occupation samples should be incorporated into validation efforts.
Perspectives on physical restraint in psychiatric hospital: A qualitative study of mentally ill patients
Authors: Li Sijue , Ye Junrong , Yuan Lexin , Wang Haoyun , Wang Ting , Wu Chenxin , Xiao Aixiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of physical restraint had caused a series of unexpected impacts on patients, particularly psychological trauma. This qualitative study aimed to identify perspectives on physical restraint among patients with mental health conditions and to seek effective interventions targeting the psychological trauma which is caused by physical restraint. A semi‐structured interview was conducted in a public psychiatric hospital in China to explore perspectives on physical restraint among 26 patients who had undergone or witnessed physical restraint. The interview was conducted by experienced and qualified interviewers with mental health service backgrounds. The interviews were recorded and transcribed into words, and then preliminary themes were extracted and coded, finally thematic analysis was used to identify focused themes. Five themes were extracted: these were as follows: (1) The negative effects of physical restraint on patients; (2) The impairment of the relationship between nurse and patient due to physical restraint; (3) The decrease in patients' treatment adherence caused by physical restraint; (4) The positive outcomes of physical restraint; (5) The expectations of patients for improving the quality of nursing care. Conclusively, the use of physical restraint had critical impacts on patients, including psychological trauma, destruction of the nurse–patient relationship, and decreased adherence of treatment. These negative effects could impede clinical work.
Ferroelastic rare‐earth tantalates for multifunctional thermal/environmental barrier coatings: A perspective
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Jiankun , Zhang Luyang , Li Baihui , Luo Keren , Tian Jiang , Xu Hao , Feng Jing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis perspective outlines the research directions of ferroelastic rare‐earth (RE) tantalates (RETaO4), which have been studied as multifunctional thermal/environmental barrier coatings (T/EBCs) with working temperatures above 1600°C. Ferroelastic RETaO4 ceramics exhibit several distinct features, including the reversible second‐order ferroelastic phase transition, high toughness, low thermal conductivity, low oxygen ion conductivity, and adjustable thermal expansion coefficients. This perspective provides a concise summary of the research progress on tantalate coatings synthesized via air plasma spraying and electron beam physical vapor deposition. The service performance of tantalate coatings is typically evaluated through thermal fatigue and shock measurements. Uncovering the failure mechanisms and understanding influencing factors are key aspects for future studies. In this regard, establishing the synthesis‐structure‐property relationship of RETaO4 coatings is essential. This brief perspective can serve as a guide for future work on RETaO4 coatings and further advancements in their applications across various fields, including aviation engines and gas turbines.
Finger versus pencil: An eye tracking study of learning by drawing on touchscreens
Authors: Xie Heping , Zhou Zongkui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDrawing is generally regarded as a promising learning strategy and has been explored in the touchscreen setting with different drawing modes. Although both a finger and a digital pencil can help individuals complete drawing activities effortlessly on touchscreen devices, there is no guarantee that they show the same effect on learning, which should be further tested.ObjectivesThis study paid attention to the influence of drawing mode on learning processes and outcomes.MethodsBy means of the eye tracking technique, this study recruited college students as participants who were required to learn instructional materials consisting of actual (Experiment 1) or fictitious (Experiment 2) terms and definitions to test the effects of touchscreen‐based finger drawing versus pencil drawing on visual attention, learning performance as well as motivation.Results and ConclusionsAcross both experiments, learners showed more fixation count in areas of interest, and also more transition count between these areas for the finger drawing condition as compared to the pencil drawing condition. Recall performance on the studied definitions in the finger drawing condition was better than that in the pencil drawing condition. However, learners were subjectively less motivated to use a finger to draw than a digital pencil.ImplicationsThese findings show contributions to the emphasis of importance of drawing mode when the generative drawing activity is applied to touchscreens.
Efficacy and safety of standard dose triple combination of telmisartan 80 mg/amlodipine 5 mg/chlorthalidone 25 mg in primary hypertension: A randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled, multicenter phase 3 trial
Authors: Cho Eun Joo , Kim Moo Hyun , Kim Young‐Hak , Chang Kiyuk , Choi Dong‐Ju , Kang Woong Chol , Shin Jinho , Kim Seong Hwan , Lee Namho , Son Jang Won , Doh Joon‐Hyung , Kim Woo‐Shik , Hong Soon Jun , Rhee Moo‐Yong , Ahn Youngkeun , Lim Sang‐Wook , Hong Seung Pyo , Choi So‐Yeon , Hyon Min Su , Hwang Jin‐Yong , Kwon Kihwan , Cha Kwang Soo , Ihm Sang‐Hyun , Lee Jae‐Hwan , Yoo Byung‐Su , Kim Hyo‐Soo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe authors evaluated the efficacy, safety, and characteristics of patients who respond well to standard dose triple combination therapy including chlorthalidone 25 mg with telmisartan 80 mg plus amlodipine 5 mg in hypertensive patients. This is a multicenter, double‐blind, active‐controlled, phase 3, randomized trial. Patients are randomized to triple combination (telmisartan 40 mg/amlodipine 5 mg/chlorthalidone 12.5 mg, TEL/AML/CHTD group) or dual combination (telmisartan 40 mg/amlodipine 5 mg, TEL/AML group) treatment and then dose up titration to TEL 80/AML5/CHTD25mg and TEL80/AML5, respectively. The primary endpoint is the change of mean sitting systolic blood pressure (MSSBP) at week 8. A Target BP achievement rate, a response rate, and the safety endpoints are also evaluated. Total 374 patients (mean age = 60.9 ± 10.7 years, male = 78.3%) were randomized to the study. The baseline MSSBPs/diastolic BPs were 149.9 ± 12.2/88.5 ± 10.4 mm Hg. After 8 weeks treatment, the change of MSSBPs at week 8 are −19.1 ± 14.9 mm Hg (TEL/AML/CHTD) and −11.4 ± 14.7 mm Hg (TEL/AML) (p < .0001). The achievement rates of target BP (53.8% vs. 37.8%, p = .0017) and responder rate (54.8% vs. 35.6%, p = .0001) at week 8 were significantly higher in TEL/AML/CHTD. There are no serious adverse event and no one discontinued medication due to adverse event. Among the TEL 80/AML5/CHTD25mg treatment group, patients of female or age ≥ 65 years old showed higher rate of target BP achievement than relatively young male. (61.4 vs. 46.8%, p = .042) Our study showed standard dose triple combination of telmisartan 80 mg/amlodipine 5 mg/chlorthalidone 25 mg is efficacious and safe in treatment of primary hypertension. Target BP achievement with triple therapy would be facilitated in female or old age.