bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Development and Personal Well-Being in Life-Threatening Conditions
Authors: Byock Ira 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn common with the other disciplines within Western medicine, psychiatry responds to the fundamental human problems of illness and injury. Psychiatry contributes a distinct knowledge base and set of therapeutic interventions to advancing medicine’s principal goals of cure, longevity with chronic illness, rehabilitation, and alleviation of symptoms and suffering. Psychiatric practice historically has been organized around defined categories of suffering which fall within its purview: serious affective and thought disorders, disorders of personality or character, and responses to medical illness or physical injury. Consistent with the problem-based orientation of mainstream medicine, less attention has been devoted to concepts of health and well-being within the context of physical or psychiatric illness. Positive personal experiences, satisfying interpersonal dynamics, personal growth, and well-being are infrequently discussed in medical, psychiatric, and clinical psychology contexts. Important exceptions can be found within existential psychology and developmental psychology. Existential psychology is oriented toward living as fully as possible in whatever circumstances life presents. Developmental psychology recognizes crises as sources of suffering as well as stimuli for personal growth. The perspectives and insights of existential and developmental psychology open therapeutic opportunities in caring for and counseling people with life-threatening conditions that are foreclosed by problem-based medical models. Concepts of personal growth, quality of life, health, and well-being during advanced illness can enhance the specificity of psychosocial and spiritual interventions and contribute to the science and practice of palliative medicine.
The Right to Pain Relief and Other Deep Roots of the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Sullivan Mark , Ballantyne Jane 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Right to Pain Relief and Other Deep Roots of the Opioid Epidemic aims to reach beneath popular narratives that blame profit-seeking pharmaceutical companies and healthcare practitioners for opioid overprescribing and the resulting epidemic of opioid addiction, overdose, and death. This book argues that the opioid epidemic arises from serious misunderstandings of both opioids and pain. Based on opioid use for acute pain, clinicians believed that opioids were specific “painkillers” that relieved pain but left the person alone. Recent research has shown that opioids have diverse functions within the human brain to modulate many forms of stress and support emotional function and socialization. We have also misunderstood the role of pain in human life. Over the past millennium, Western society has shifted from considering pain a religious problem, then a social problem, and now a medical problem. Innovations in the care of patients at the end of life led us to consider pain control to be an important medical responsibility independent of disease control, and to consider opioids to be safe and effective. Even though we understand chronic pain as a biopsychosocial condition, we have built mechanical causal models of chronic pain that support a moral model of pain as a form of passive and innocent suffering for which it is appropriate to claim a right to pain relief. To end our current opioid epidemic and prevent future epidemics, we need to reintegrate pain with the rest of human suffering as a necessary part of a full human life.
Occupational Therapy for Older Adults with Dementia and Their Caregivers
Authors: Martínez Jenny 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of community-based occupational therapy on the daily functioning of older adults with dementia and caregivers’ sense of competence. Adults 65 years or older with a diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia and their caregivers were assigned to a control or an intervention group. The intervention group received 5 weeks of home-based occupational therapy focused on the older adult with dementia–caregiver dyad. Primary outcomes included 1) daily functioning as measured by the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), 2) performance in daily activities as measured by the Interview of Deterioration of Daily Activities in Dementia (IDDD), and 3) caregiver sense of competence as measured by the Sense of Competence Questionnaire. Results at 6 weeks showed improvement in AMPS and IDDD scores for older adults with dementia; caregivers’ sense of competence also increased. Improvements were sustained over 12 weeks. The findings support the benefits of occupational therapy in dementia care.
Occupational Therapy to Improve Clinical, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Outcomes among Young Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Fritz Heather 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Resilient, Empowered, Active Living with Diabetes (REAL Diabetes) intervention is an individually tailored treatment delivered by occupational therapists that applies activity analysis to health management tasks necessary to prevent and manage chronic conditions. In a randomized controlled trial conducted among 81 ethnically diverse young adults with low socioeconomic status who had type 1 or type 2 diabetes, the REAL Diabetes treatment resulted in improved glycemic control, diabetes-related quality of life, and habit strength for checking blood glucose compared with participants who did not receive the intervention. The results of the REAL Diabetes study suggest the potential of occupation-based treatments founded on the principles of Lifestyle Redesign for reducing the impact of diabetes on health and quality of life.
Occupational Rehabilitation for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Snodgrass Jeff 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The chapter examines the role of occupational rehabilitation for work-related musculoskeletal disorders by reviewing and critiquing the study by Hardison and Roll titled “Factors Associated with Success in an Occupational Rehabilitation Program for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders.” It examines factors that are predictive of success for clients participating in inpatient occupational rehabilitation programs. It identifies new factors associated with success in rehabilitation by highlighting the importance of session length and number of sessions of therapy and occupation-based activities for this population. It also provides a brief review of other relevant studies and a clinical case study based on the best available evidence.
Supported Education for Adults with Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors: Nagata Rashelle 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes a study analyzing the effectiveness of a supported education program for adults with psychiatric disabilities in achieving educational and vocational goals. Thirty-eight adults with psychiatric diagnoses were assigned at random to either an experimental group that received supported education services (n = 21) or a control group that received treatment as usual through their mental health facilities (n = 17). The 6-week intervention included 12 sessions that targeted a variety of topics to support academic and career success, in addition to individualized mentorship. Statistically significant findings were captured by the observational and self-report measures gathered by pre- and posttests in both the experimental and control groups. This chapter discusses the importance of occupational therapy support for adults with psychiatric disabilities in community reintegration through either formal education participation or employment.
Adapting the Environment for Improved Oral Care among Children on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Benevides Teal W. , Pfeiffer Beth 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulty with sensory processing that impacts their cooperation and success with routine dental care. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and pilot a sensory adapted dental environment (SADE) on distress, sensory discomfort, and perception of pain during oral cleanings for children with and without ASD between the ages of 6 and 12. There were a total of 44 participants (22 with ASD and 22 without ASD) who received dental cleanings in both a regular dental environment (RDE) and a SADE in an experimental crossover design. Both children with and those without ASD demonstrated decreased physiological anxiety as measured by electrodermal responses in the SADE. Additionally, both groups reported lower sensory discomfort and perceived pain in the SADE in comparison to the RDE.
Early Occupational and Physical Therapy for Critically Ill Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Nguyen Phuong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews a randomized controlled trial examining the effect of occupational and physical therapy initiated early post-intubation on mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients’ health outcomes compared to standard care. Critical illness and intensive care unit stays have a multitude of short- and long-term deleterious effects, including immobility secondary to sedation. This study examined the effect of early mobilization combined with daily sedation interruption on patient outcomes including functional status, delirium duration, mechanical ventilation duration, and intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay. A comprehensive rehabilitation strategy working in concert with the medical sequelae was found to be safe and well tolerated and resulted in improved physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and functional outcomes.
Culturally Engaged Supervision
Authors: MacFarlane Ian M. , Redlinger-Grosse Krista 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the prioritization of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion in the genetic counseling profession, culturally engaged supervision practices become increasingly important. This chapter first equips supervisors with background definitions and theory to provide common language and frameworks (e.g., cultural humility, professional development, and professionalism) to understand what culturally engaged clinical supervision entails. Through scenarios and self-reflective questions, it illustrates opportunities and barriers that can arise in culturally engaged supervision and offers strategies supervisors can begin to integrate into their supervision. Specifically, it includes discussions and application regarding self-awareness, communication of feedback and evaluation, culture sharing, and identifying and addressing microaggressions. Learning activities at the end of the chapter walk supervisors through steps to becoming more aware, reflective, and engaged in cultural issues in their supervision practice.
Setting Goals in Supervision
Authors: Veach Patricia McCarthy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGoals serve several functions in supervision. They clarify what a supervisor expects of a student and provide a framework for the supervision relationship, the student’s learning activities, and learning outcomes. This chapter defines the term goal, describes the functions and usefulness of goals in genetic counseling supervision, identifies characteristics of viable goals, and suggests strategies for establishing a goal-setting process and promoting goal accomplishment. It includes a description of the Discrimination Model and Bloom’s Taxonomy as resources for helping determine goal content and provides illustrative examples of genetic counseling goals that align with each model. This chapter discusses common goal-setting pitfalls and ways to manage them. Experiential learning activities provide opportunities to practice being systematic and selective when engaging in setting goals with student supervisees.
Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE)
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in the management of patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. The Clopidogrel Versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE) trial assessed whether clopidogrel decreased major adverse cardiovascular events compared to aspirin. The CAPRIE trial demonstrated better efficacy for clopidogrel in patients with peripheral arterial disease. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Early Endarterectomy Carries a Lower Procedural Risk Than Early Stenting in Patients with Symptomatic Stenosis of the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether carotid stenting improved outcomes compared to carotid endarterectomy in patents with symptomatic carotid artery disease. The study, which involved a meta-analysis of data from four randomized controlled trials, demonstrated an increased periprocedural stroke risk with stenting, especially in the first 7 days after the event. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, number of studies included, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary and, concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Carotid Endarterectomy with Primary Closure and Patch Angioplasty with Saphenous Vein, Jugular Vein, and Polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in vascular surgery assessing whether patching improved outcomes compared to primary closure in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. The study, a prospective randomized trial of carotid endarterectomy with primary closure and patch angioplasty with saphenous vein, jugular vein, and polytetrafluoroethylene, demonstrated that patch closure was less likely to cause perioperative stroke and led to a decrease in late recurrent stenoses. This chapter describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, inclusion and exclusion criteria, how many patients were recruited, study design, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, gives a summary, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
Recurrent urinary tract infection
Authors: Harding Christopher K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This case details a very common presentation that most urologists will see regularly. Recurrent urinary tract infection affects both pre- and postmenopausal women and although the case presented describes a postmenopausal woman, the evidence quoted is applicable to all women with recurrent uncomplicated cystitis. The case is used to highlight the current global issue of antimicrobial resistance and consequently explores several non-antibiotic options for urinary tract infection prevention. The evidence for low-dose daily prophylactic antibiotics is also provided. This case provides an overview of a range of preventative treatments and includes a summary of relevant reviews from Cochrane. It will enable readers to plan thorough consultations with patients who present with recurrent urinary tract infection by summarizing the evidence-based treatments while underlining the importance of antibiotic stewardship.
Ureteric stones
Authors: Bibby Lisa , Sheba Mostafa , Lavinio Andrea , Winterbottom Andrew , Wiseman Oliver 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This case looks at one of the commonest emergency surgical presentations, ureteric colic. It covers the initial management of such patients in the emergency room, including the evidence behind which analgesia to use and which imaging to undertake. The patient discussed then re-presents with urosepsis, and the discussion centres around management of this, including the options for emergency drainage, with expert comment from an interventional radiology point of view regarding the nephrostomy, and an intensive therapy unit point of view for the identification and management of sepsis. Further management of this patient is with a ureteroscopy, and some of the tips and tricks of ureteroscopy are covered, including the evidence of whether to insert a JJ stent. The case finishes with discussion about metabolic work up and medical management of these patients, who often have a high stone recurrence rate.
Oligometastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Claps Francesco , Traunero Fabio , Pavan Nicola , Sooriakumaran Prasanna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Around 10–20% of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer present with metastatic prostate cancer where the benefit of surgery is unknown. A case is presented of a man with low-volume metastatic (oligometastatic) prostate cancer who was eligible for the TRoMbone trial and who was randomized into the surgical arm. Robotic surgery for locally advanced prostate cancer is considered a possible therapeutic option as part of a multimodal approach. For metastatic disease, surgery of the primary tumour is a well-established concept in the treatment of several malignancies including ovarian tumours, various gastrointestinal tumours, and renal cell carcinoma; hence, there is a rationale to consider local treatment also in metastatic prostate cancer. Preliminary results of TRoMbone brought to light that it is feasible to randomize men with synchronous oligometastatic prostate cancer to standard of care systemic therapy versus that plus local treatment of the primary tumour. Moreover, the robot-assisted approach for oligometastatic cases was shown to be technically feasible and early results demonstrated acceptable perioperative and short-term oncological outcomes. Radical prostatectomy in patients with oligometastatic disease needs to be reserved for expert surgeons in tertiary care settings. These cases can present technical difficulties intraoperatively that only experienced surgeons can manage. Rectal injuries and high rates of positive surgical margins are possible sequelae of this surgery.
Localized renal cancer with inferior vena cava tumour thrombus
Authors: Klatte Tobias , Riddick Antony C.P. , Stewart Grant D. , Karam Jose A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This case discusses the management of locally advanced renal cell carcinoma with associated inferior vena cava tumour thrombus. High-quality, up-to-date computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging should be obtained before intended surgical resection, and the thrombus level should be assigned according to a surgical venous tumour thrombus classification. Several additional imaging parameters such as the anteroposterior diameter of the inferior vena cava can assist in surgical planning. Surgical resection without presurgical systemic treatment is the standard of care and is adapted according to thrombus level and intraoperative findings. Postoperative risk stratification depends on pathology and performance status. Adjuvant therapy is currently not recommended for high-risk disease, and postoperative risk-adapted surveillance remains the standard of care.
Localized penile cancer
Authors: Eardley Ian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This case describes a 48-year-old man with a clinically and radiologically localized penile cancer (T2G3) who was treated by glansectomy and skin grafting with preservation of normal micturition and some erectile function. Although he was clinically and radiologically node negative, sentinel node biopsy showed micro-metastasis in the right groin, requiring inguinal lymphadenectomy on that side. Over 5 years of follow-up there was no evidence of tumour recurrence.
Testicular torsion controversies
Authors: Vyas Lona , Noureldin Mohamed , Minhas Suks 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Testicular torsion is a urological emergency, resulting in testicular ischaemia owing to twisting of the spermatic cord, which jeopardizes the blood supply of the testis. It necessitates urgent intervention, as it risks testicular viability and may lead to catastrophic consequences such as orchidectomy if the intervention is delayed. Despite the fact that testicular torsion one of the most frequent urological emergencies in men, there is uncertainty and discrepancies between guidance and practice. These can lead to delayed management. This case reviews and assesses controversial aspects of testicular torsion including aetiology, diagnosis, and management.
Bladder and ureteric trauma
Authors: Mantica Guglielmo , Spies Pieter V. , Van der Merwe André 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA case of penetrating ureteric and bladder injury is reported. The principles of management of ureteric and bladder trauma are demonstrated by the tissue loss in this particular case. Emphasis is placed on the early diagnosis and then careful management of the injuries to allow tissue tension-free healing. The importance of anatomical expertise is demonstrated in the blood supply of the ureter. The case discusses the fragile nature of ureteric tissue needing gentle dissection techniques, respectful handling, and fine sutures. Ureter and bladder injuries have to be repaired in a watertight fashion and drained internally and externally. Urine accumulating in the tissue is toxic and can affect the critically ill trauma patient negatively, therefore, adequate drainage for a length of time allowing healing of tissue is essential.
The Effectiveness of Utilizing HRV Indices as a Predictor of ACFT Performance Outcomes
Authors: Torres Ricardo E , Heileson Jeffrey L , Richardson Kathleen A , Chapman-Lopez Tomas J , Funderburk LesLee K , Forsse Jeffrey S 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is a performance assessment used by the U.S. Army to assess a cadet’s strength, endurance, and agility with a series of six events to ensure that cadets are combat ready. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an instrument that measures cardiac autonomic modulation and has been incorporated to predict the performance of athletes in daily training and competition since acute bouts of exercise alter HRV variables.

Purpose
To assess the applicability of using HRV to predict ACFT score performance outcomes in cadets.

Methods
Fifty army cadets (n = 36 male; n = 14 female; age = 20.60 ± 3.61 years; height = 173.34 ± 10.39 cm; body mass = 76.33 ± 14.68 kg; body fat percentage  = 17.58 ± 5.26%) completed the ACFT and reported for HRV assessment. HRV assessment had the participant lay supine for 5 minutes, and traditional time and frequency domain variables were assessed. A Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regressions were run.

Results
HRV time and frequency domains were not significantly correlated in linear regression models except the stress index (SI) and the 2-mile run (2MR). The standing power throw and sprint drag carry were significantly correlated with traditional HRV variables.

Conclusions
HRV was not a predictor of ACFT performance for individual events or overall ACFT. The SI presented predictive properties only for 2MR, with no other significant correlations between HRV variables with standing power throw and sprint drag carry. The SI ability to predict 2MR performance outcome via HRV is a promising tool to assess army cadet performance and recovery.