bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Flouting and Hedging Maxims Used by the Main Characters on “Daddy Day Camp”
Authors: Helmi Maria 
Published: March 2023

This research focused on analyzing flouting and hedging maxims used by the main characters on "Daddy Day Camp". The purposes of this research were to investigate and analyze how the maxims are flouted and hedged by the main characters on "Daddy Day Camp". Qualitative method was used in this research because the data were in the form of words rather than that of numbers and statistics. The data were taken from the utterances spoken by the main characters on "Daddy Day Camp". After the data are collected, they are classified and analyzed based on Grice’s Cooperative principle theory. This research found many maxims of cooperative principle which were flouted and hedged by the main characters on "Daddy Day Camp", especially the maxim of quality and quantity. On the other hand, this research also found that the utterances spoken by the main characters hedged the maxims of cooperative principle. There were some utterances which hedge the maxim of quality and relevance because the utterances which were spoken by the main characters are not totally accurate but seem informative, well founded and relevant.
Keywords: Daddy Day Camp, Flouting Maxim, Hedging Maxims
Metapragmatics Instructions in Leveraging English Proficiency on Apology
Authors: Fadilah Eka 
Published: March 2023

This study endeavors to investigate the effects of metapragmatic instructions: role play and elicited conversation negotiated feedback (RP+NF, EC+NF) embedded in Task-Supported Language Instruction (TSLI) on the students’ apology strategy. We used a laboratory-based research design encompassing 75 fifth-semester students of economics major taking English business for international communication in higher educational level. Those students were randomly assigned into one control group and two experimental groups. We utilized a mixed-design repeated measure analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) to gauge the students’ apology proficiency explicated in a two-test design i.e., apology judgment test (AJT) and apology oral test (AOT) in a three test sessions (pre-, post-, and delayed test). The finding reveals that there is a significant difference between among groups in which both experimental groups outperform the control group in post and delayed tests. Also, a significant increase is explicated in both experimental groups from pre to post test, but not in the control group. While RP+NF provides the most robust of all and stimulates a long term effects with big effect sizes on both test designs, EC+NF fails to provide a long term effect in AOT.
Keywords: Apology Strategy, Corrective Feedback, Elicited Conversation, Metapragmatic Instructions, Role Play
The Use of Web Blogs for English Writing class for EFL Students
Authors: Juniari Ni Wayan , Artini Luh Putu , Dewi Ni Luh Putu Eka Sulistia 
Published: March 2023

This research is focusing on how the web blogs use in teaching English writing class for EFL students. Learning has led students and teachers to interact at a distance through the involvement of media, platforms, and learning strategies within a complete virtual learning community. This research aims to investigate the use of Web Blog for English writing class for ELF students. This study carried out library research by conducting a literature review, where the data source used previous research on the related topic to achieve the study's objective. Four research articles published in reputable journals are listed in this research. The research aimed to determine the influence of the used web blog on the achievement of writing taken from several research articles conducted by several researcher. This study discovered that writing is one of the greatest important English abilities, and the use of web blog writing class for ELF students positively impacts English learning. The findings were derived from a literature review, where the data source was previous studies on the relevant subject. As a result, using the web blog in writing class for ELF students has a positive influence on learning writing.
Keywords: Web Blog, Writing, ELF Students
Simulasi Lintasan Partikel Bermuatan dalam Pengaruh Medan Listrik dan Medan Magnet Menggunakan Spreadsheet Excel
Authors: Sarman Sarman 
Published: March 2023

Abstract: This study aims to describe to students the physics phenomenon of the motion of charged particles in an electric and magnetic field and to simulate the trajectory of particles on a computer using an interactive spreadsheet. The spreadsheet is used to solve the analytical solution of the system of particle motion in the electromagnetic field. The results show that the graph plot of the numerical solution is immediately visible as a simulation of the trajectory of particles in an electromagnetic field. The simulation results show that the course of charged particles in an electromagnetic field depends on the strength of the electric field, magnetic field, particle mass, particle charge, initial velocity, and the angle between the electric field and magnetic field. Simulations developed using spreadsheets can be a powerful pedagogical tool in the study of physics. In conclusion, simulations using excel, as discussed above, appear to help students better understand the mathematical principles underlying physical phenomena and better appreciate the power of mathematics applied to the real world. The simulations generated in this study show that even without using macros, we can create sophisticated simulations.

Keywords: Electromagnetic Field, Simulation, Spreadsheets
Pyrolisis System terhadap Sampah Plastik Polyprophylene (PP) Menjadi Bahan Bakar
Authors: Arini Wahyu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to degrade Polypropylene plastic waste into fuel using a pyrolysis system. The method used to analyze the data from the pyrolysis process in this study is an experimental method, while the analysis used is quantitative data analysis, using existing calculations to analyze polypropylene plastic pyrolysis oil. Data collection techniques through three pyrolysis processes, namely 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours. The results of the study through 3 pyrolysis processes at different times obtained that PP plastic waste produced oil, namely 778 ml at 1 hour, 926 ml at 2 hours and 1145 ml at 3 hours. The density value of the pyrolysis oil was weighed after testing. The calorific value in this study ranged from 0.75 to 0.78 Kg/L with the lowest specific gravity in sample 1 and the highest in sample 3. Data on the efficiency of oil produced by waste PP plastic through 3 experiments in the pyrolysis process showed that PP plastic waste was quite good in its efficiency level in producing oil, namely 52%; 62%; 76%. In conclusion, the efficiency of PP plastic waste into fuel is also influenced by various factors such as the pyrolysis equipment used, reactor temperature, conversion time, and others. So that through this research it was found that polypropylene (PP) plastic waste can be converted into fuel using the pyrolysis method with two types of condenser pyrolysis equipment.

Keywords: Fuel, Polypropylene, Pyrolysis
Assessment of WBCs, CRP, LDH and other Biomarkers of Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients in Iraq
Authors: SALMAN Mustafa , ABDULAH Ansam Atwan 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Though most Iraqi patients who are infected by COVID-19 only suffering from mild symptoms, but in some cases a patient’s condition deteriorates, leading to a negative outcome. This study aims to assess the clinical laboratory features of moderate and severe COVID-19 patients
Methods:
One hundred diagnosed as moderate and severe COVID-19 patients as well as fifty healthy participants were involved in our current study. Assessment was made for WBCs, Monocytes, Lymphocyte, and Platelets. In addition, serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Results:
A hundred patients aged 33 to 70 years with COVID-19 had severe and moderate cases. Present in DAR AL-SALAM for COVID-19 isolation in Baghdad, Iraq. COVID-19 patients showed increased serum levels LDH and CRP as well as WBCs count and others when compared to healthy individuals. The severe group showed a statistically significant increase in WBCs account, neutrophil activity and LDH levels, compared with moderate group. While the moderate COVID-19 groups displayed a significant rise in lymphocytes activity, CRP, and Platelet. Conclusion:
The current investigation found that WBC count, lymphocyte count, LDH activity, and CRP level were effective indicators for determining the severity of COVID-19, making them good assessment indicators.
Assessment of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) In the Treatment of Primary Osteoarthritis Knee: An Original Research
Authors: Joshua Rompilli , Varma Kalidindi Varun , Kumar Reddy Sura Yachendra , DR Rehan Saifuddin4 DR Rehan Saifuddin 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The present therapeutic line of osteoarthritis of knee is primarily symptomatic, therefore the need to discover treatment modality which tackles the disease process in itself. This study was done with an intention to examine the efficacy of platelet rich plasma in primary osteoarthritis of knee.
Materials and Methods: This prospective investigation was done on 100 knees in 100 individuals having early primary osteoarthritis of the knee. Three injections of platelet rich plasma were administered at four weeks interval and the outcome was analyzed by WOMAC and VAS score at pre injection, 3 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Ahlback’s grading was done at pre-injection and at 6 months.
Results: Most of the cases in our series were in the age category of 50-65 years with female predominance (73%), 51% cases had grade 2 disease and the remaining had grade 1 involvement. Improvement in WOMAC score parameters started after 3 weeks with continuing improvement at successive follow-ups. WOMAC score parameters (pain, stiffness, physical function and total score) at pre injection were 14.22, 5.05, 36.41and 55.8 and at 6 months follow up were 5.92, 2.07, 16.78 and 24.11 correspondingly. Similar improvement was noted in VAS score with pre injection score of 7.12 and final score of 2.96. The average WOMAC score was less for grade 1 as compared to grade 2 (43.42 vs 60.41); (43.63 vs 61.36). Improvement was reported in 86% of patients however the level varied from good to slight improvement. There was no problem associated to the treatment in our series.
Conclusion: The initial data show that PRP is an effective therapeutic strategy in early grades of primary Osteoarthritis of knee. However, further strong evidence Research is required to check for the long-term impacts and to corroborate the conclusions of this investigation.
Keywords: , , ,
City Information Models (CIMs) as precursors for Urban Digital Twins (UDTs): A case study of Lancaster
Authors: Cureton Paul , Hartley Elliot 
Published: March 2023

City Information Models (CIMs) present several research challenges and are arguably pre-cursors for a roadmap to the transition to Urban or City Digital Twins (UDTs/CDTs) and broader smart city drives. In a period of digital transformation in urban planning, CIMs are primarily designed to intersect and merge urban GIS/BIM in what is termed GeoBIM. CIMs are often cloud-based geospatial services and data repositories with one-way data connections, which differ from integrated and high-fidelity cyber-physical complex systems for digital twins (DTs). However, there is a lack of precision in terms of defining CIMs and UDTs, and this paper examines four broad sociotechnical research challenges regarding the progress of CIMs toward full UDTs/CDTs, including (1) technical training for adoption, (2) acquisition strategies for aerial data and remote sensing, (3) data licensing types and system management, and (4) stakeholder engagement with CIM platforms. These four research challenges and digital transformation are discussed by using back-casting futuring methods, establishing a framework for CIMs through co-designed workshops, and explored in the Lancaster City Information Model (LCIM) prototype. The LCIM, as a resulting case study, was developed for architects, planners, and stakeholders to engage with 3D urban models and urban analytics (view sheds, masterplan scenarios, and solar potentials of buildings) from 2019 to 2021 to address digital inequality in planning and data fragmentation. The framework and prototype results resulted in the most extensive 3D open urban dataset published in the UK, consisting of a baseline of 1″+/− buildings and infrastructure and 7.5 cm aerial imagery and a framework for developing transitions from CIMs to UDTs. The delivery of this case and the resulting published dataset highlights the essential research needed regarding definitions and precision around terminology and systems between CIMs and UDTs and four applied challenges in digital transformation and future socio-technical relationships.
Corrosion behavior of silver-coated conductive yarn
Authors: Park Jihye , Park Sun Hwa , Jeong Soo-Hwan , Lee Jung-Yong , Song Jae Yong 
Published: March 2023

The corrosion mechanism and kinetics of the silver-coated conductive yarn (SCCY) used for wearable electronics were investigated under a NaCl solution, a main component of sweat. The corrosion occurs according to the mechanism in which silver reacts with chlorine ions to partly form sliver chloride on the surface of the SCCY and then the local silver chloride is detached into the electrolyte, leading to the electrical disconnect of the silver coating. Thus, the electrical conductance of the SCCY goes to zero after 2.7 h. The radial part-coating of gold, which is continuously electrodeposited in the longitudinal direction on the SCCY but is partly electrodeposited in the radial direction, extends the electrical conducting lifetime up to 192 h, despite the corrosion rate increasing from 129 to 196 mpy (mils per year). Results show that the gold partly-coating on the SCCY provides a current path for electrical conduction along the longitudinal direction until all the silver underneath the gold coating is detached from the SCCY strands, which creates the electrical disconnect. Based on the corrosion behavior, i.e., local oxidation and detachment of silver from the SCCY, the gold part-coating is more cost effective than the gold full-coating electrodeposited on the entire surface for electrically conducting SCCY.
Prognostic value of index of cardiac electrophysiological balance among US middle-aged adults
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Wang Zhe , Liu Lin , Zhang Wei , Tang Zhiguo , Liu Bo , Zhang Xuejun , Wei Na , Wang Junkui , Liu Fuqiang , Ma Meijuan 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundIndex of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB) has been widely used in clinical practice but no studies investigated the association between iCEB and prognosis in the general population.ObjectiveTo assess the correlation between the iCEB and the prognosis in the general population.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved adults aged 40–65 years who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-III) and whose electrocardiograms were in sinus rhythm. The corrected iCEB (iCEBc) was the ratio of corrected QT interval (QTc) to QRS duration, and outcomes were cardiac and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the associations of iCEBc with end point. The value of iCEBc for predicting adverse events was evaluated by reclassification and discrimination analyses.ResultsAmong 5,010 participants (mean age 51.10 ± 7.67 years, 52.5% female), 3,454 (68.9%) were Non-Hispanic White. The mean iCEBc was 4.45 ± 0.56. A total of 2,147 deaths were recorded during a median follow-up of 319 months. The adjusted model shown iCEBc was an independent risk factor for all-cause death. The iCEBc was linearly correlated with all-cause mortality and the optimal cutoff value was 4.57 in males and 4.98 in females. In the resultant model, prolonged iCEBc remained independently associated with a higher rate of mortality (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.11–1.42) and cardiac death (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.04–1.71). Among the complete study population or the group with normal QTc interval, the performance of the predictive model after addition of iCEBc was not weaker than the model after the addition of prolonged QTc.ConclusionElevated iCEBc (male ≥4.57 and female ≥4.98) is an independent risk factor for cardiac or all-cause death among the middle-age adults. The clinical application value of iCEBc is firmly based on basic physiological principles and its application deserves further attention.
Deep learning-based artificial intelligence model for classification of vertebral compression fractures: A multicenter diagnostic study
Authors: Xu Fan , Xiong Yuchao , Ye Guoxi , Liang Yingying , Guo Wei , Deng Qiuping , Wu Li , Jia Wuyi , Wu Dilang , Chen Song , Liang Zhiping , Zeng Xuwen 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo develop and validate an artificial intelligence diagnostic system based on X-ray imaging data for diagnosing vertebral compression fractures (VCFs)MethodsIn total, 1904 patients who underwent X-ray at four independent hospitals were retrospectively (n=1847) and prospectively (n=57) enrolled. The participants were separated into a development cohort, a prospective test cohort and three external test cohorts. The proposed model used a transfer learning method based on the ResNet-18 architecture. The diagnostic performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and validated using a prospective validation set and three external sets. The performance of the model was compared with three degrees of musculoskeletal expertise: expert, competent, and trainee.ResultsThe diagnostic accuracy for identifying compression fractures was 0.850 in the testing set, 0.829 in the prospective set, and ranged from 0.757 to 0.832 in the three external validation sets. In the human and deep learning (DL) collaboration dataset, the area under the ROC curves(AUCs) in acute, chronic, and pathological compression fractures were as follows: 0.780, 0.809, 0.734 for the DL model; 0.573, 0.618, 0.541 for the trainee radiologist; 0.701, 0.782, 0.665 for the competent radiologist; 0.707,0.732, 0.667 for the expert radiologist; 0.722, 0.744, 0.610 for the DL and trainee; 0.767, 0.779, 0.729 for the DL and competent; 0.801, 0.825, 0.751 for the DL and expert radiologist. ConclusionsOur study offers a high-accuracy multi-class deep learning model which could assist community-based hospitals in improving the diagnostic accuracy of VCFs.
Poor sleep pattern is associated with metabolic disorder during transition from adolescence to adulthood
Authors: Zhang Dan , Yang Yajuan , Zhai Shuang , Qu Yang , Li Tingting , Xie Yang , Tao Shuman , Zou Liwei , Tao Fangbiao , Wu Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether sleep pattern is associated with metabolic disorders among young adults.MethodsWe measured sleep patterns using multiple sleep behaviors in an ongoing prospective cohort among college students (n = 1,151). At baseline, 729 college students provided fasting blood samples and human body morphological measurements for quantification of metabolic parameters. Then, 340 participants continued to take metabolic parameters measurements at a 2-year follow-up. Sleep patterns were defined by chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, and daytime sleepiness. Metabolic scores were derived for four metabolic parameters including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting blood sugar (FBG), and insulin. Multivariate linear regression model was applied to analyze the association between sleep pattern types and metabolic parameters and metabolic scores.ResultsIn the baseline survey, we found that a total of 41 (4.1%) participants had poor sleep patterns. Then, metabolic scores were significantly higher among college students with poor sleep patterns, compared with those who with healthy sleep patterns at baseline (1.00 ± 0.96 vs. 0.78 ± 0.72, p &lt; 0.05) and 2-year follow-up (0.34 ± 0.65 vs. 1.50 ± 1.64, p &lt; 0.05). After covariates were adjusted, poor sleep pattern (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06~2.53, p = 0.001) was associated with elevated metabolic scores at the 2-year follow-up.ConclusionsThe elevated metabolic burden observed in college students with poor sleep patterns highlights the need to identify and address sleep problems in order to minimize the long-term impact on disease vulnerability.
Diagnostic value of CT enhancement degree in lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer: A comparison of enhancement, ratio, and difference
Authors: Zhu Jiying , Tian Min , Zhang Tong , Zhu Hanlin , Wei Peiying , Han Zhijiang 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate the value of computed tomography (CT) enhancement degree in diagnosing lymph node (LN) metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by determining the ratio and difference between the Hounsfield units (HU) of CT enhancement and plain scan of the LNs, as well as between the HU of CT-enhanced LNs and the sternocleidomastoid muscle.MethodsThe plain and enhanced CT findings of 114 metastasis-positive LNs in 89 cases and 143 metastasis-negative LNs in 114 cases of PTC were analyzed retrospectively. Plain HU of LNs (PNHU), enhanced HU of LNs (ENHU), and enhanced HU of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (EMHU) were measured. The ENHU, difference between ENHU and PNHU (EN-PNHU), ratio of ENHU to PNHU (EN/PNHU), difference between ENHU and EMHU (EN-EMHU), and ratio of ENHU to EMHU (EN/EMHU) in metastasis-positive and metastasis-negative LN groups were calculated, the corresponding diagnostic efficacy for differentiating metastasis-positive from metastasis-negative LNs in PTC were sought using the receiver-operating curve. The interobserver agreement between readers was assessed using the interobserver correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe ENHU of 114 metastasis-positive LNs and 143 metastasis-negative LNs was 113.39 ± 24.13 and 77.65 ± 15.93, EN-PNHU was 65.84 ± 21.72 HU and 34.07 ± 13.63 HU, EN/PNHU was 2.36 (1.98, 2.75) and 1.76 (1.54, 2.02), EN-EMHU was 49.42 ± 24.59 HU and 13.27 ± 15.41 HU, and EN/EMHU was 1.79 ± 0.40 and 1.21 ± 0.24, respectively (all P &lt; 0.001). The area under the curve, cutoff value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ENHU for identifying metastasis-positive and metastasis-negative LNs were 0.895, 97.3 HU, 0.746, 0.895, and 0.829, EN-PNHU was 0.894, 47.8 HU, 0.807, 0.874, and 0.844, EN/PNHU was 0.831, 1.9, 0.877, 0.650, and 0.751, EN-EMHU was 0.890, 26.4 HU, 0.807, 0.839, and 0.825, and EN/EMHU was 0.888, 1.5, 0.728, 0.902, and 0.825, respectively. The readers had an excellent interobserver agreement on these five parameters (ICC = 0.874–0.994).ConclusionIn the preoperative evaluation of LN metastasis in PTC, ENHU, EN-PNHU, EN-EMHU, and EN/EMHU had similarly high diagnostic efficacy, with ENHU, EN-PNHU, and EN/EMHU having higher specificity and EN-PNHU and EN-EMHU having higher sensitivity.