bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of Lloviu and Bombali Viruses in Type I Interferon Receptor Knockout Mice
Authors: Fletcher Paige , Feldmann Friederike , Takada Ayato , Crossland Nicholas A , Hume Adam J , Albariño César , Kemenesi Gábor , Feldmann Heinz , Mühlberger Elke , Marzi Andrea 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Type I interferon receptor knockout (IFNAR−/−) mice are not able to generate a complete innate immune response; therefore, these mice are often considered to assess the pathogenicity of emerging viruses. We infected IFNAR−/− mice with a low or high dose of Lloviu virus (LLOV) or Bombali virus (BOMV) by the intranasal (IN) or intraperitoneal (IP) route and compared virus loads at early and late time points after infection. No signs of disease and no viral RNA were detected after IN infection regardless of LLOV dose. In contrast, IP infections resulted in increased viral loads in the high-dose LLOV and BOMV groups at the early time point. The low-dose LLOV and BOMV groups achieved higher viral loads at the late time point. However, there was 100% survival in all groups and no signs of disease. In conclusion, our results indicate a limited value of the IFNAR−/− mouse model for investigation of the pathogenicity of LLOV and BOMV.
Increased Peripheral Inflammation Is Associated With Structural Brain Changes and Reduced Blood Flow in People With Virologically Controlled HIV
Authors: Burdo Tricia H , Robinson Jake A , Cooley Sarah , Smith Mandy D , Flynn Jacqueline , Petersen Kalen J , Nelson Brittany , Westerhaus Elizabeth , Wisch Julie , Ances Beau M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved outcomes for people with HIV (PWH), brain dysfunction is still evident. Immune activation and inflammation remain elevated in PWH receiving ART, thereby contributing to morbidity and mortality. Previous studies demonstrated reduced functional and structural changes in PWH; however, underlying mechanisms remain elusive.

Methods
Our cohort consisted of PWH with ART adherence and viral suppression ( &lt; 50 copies/mL; N = 173). Measurements included immune cell markers of overall immune health (CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio) and myeloid inflammation (CD16+ monocytes), plasma markers of inflammatory status (soluble CD163 and CD14), and structural and functional neuroimaging (volume and cerebral blood flow [CBF], respectively).

Results
Decreased CD4/CD8 ratios correlated with reduced brain volume, and higher levels of inflammatory CD16+ monocytes were associated with reduced brain volume in total cortex and gray matter. An increase in plasma soluble CD14—a marker of acute peripheral inflammation attributed to circulating microbial products—was associated with reduced CBF within the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital cortices and total gray matter.

Conclusions
CD4/CD8 ratio and number of CD16+ monocytes, which are chronic immune cell markers, are associated with volumetric loss in the brain. Additionally, this study shows a potential new association between plasma soluble CD14 and CBF.
Risk in Time: The Intertwined Nature of Risk Taking and Time Discounting
Authors: Epper Thomas F , Fehr-Duda Helga 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Standard economic models view risk taking and time discounting as two independent dimensions of decision making. However, mounting experimental evidence demonstrates striking parallels in patterns of risk taking and time discounting behavior and systematic interaction effects, which suggests that there may be common underlying forces driving these interactions. Here, we show that the inherent uncertainty associated with future prospects together with individuals’ proneness to probability weighting generates a unifying framework for explaining a large number of puzzling behavioral findings: delay-dependent risk tolerance, aversion to sequential resolution of uncertainty, preferences for the timing of the resolution of uncertainty, the differential discounting of risky and certain outcomes, hyperbolic discounting, subadditive discounting, and the order dependence of prospect valuation. Furthermore, all these phenomena can be accommodated by the same set of preference parameter values and plausible levels of inherent uncertainty.
The epistemologies of the South and the future of the university
Authors: de Sousa Santos Boaventura 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Even though the university has the potential to help humanity in what amounts to a paradigmatic transition, it has been very restrictive and very selective in the kinds of knowledges it validates. In fact, the kinds of knowledges in which it has excelled are those most responsible for the paradigmatic crisis in which humanity finds itself. In a nutshell, the paradigmatic change calls for cognitive justice, justice for the different ways of knowing that circulate in society. Cognitive justice is the polar opposite of ‘anything goes’. The assumption is that there is no global social justice without global cognitive justice, justice among knowledges. Looking back, while privileging one specific kind of knowledge and, indeed, granting it a cognitive monopoly, the university has been the privileged site for producing and legitimating cognitive injustice. As a result, the immense epistemic diversity of the world has been ignored or suppressed. In the following, I identify the problem and the promise for overcoming it.
Coccidioidomycosis masquerading as thyroid nodule: a rare diagnostic challenge
Authors: Solis-Pazmino Paola , Merchant Natalie , Padilla Osvaldo , Alkhalili Eyas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present a compelling case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis involving the thyroid gland, a remarkably uncommon manifestation of this infection. The gravity of this sporadic disease is underscored by its high mortality rate, primarily because of challenges in timely diagnosis and treatment initiation. Accurate diagnosis hinges upon utilizing various techniques, including the culture of a fine-needle aspirate, biopsy and direct microscopy. However, the medical community is still grappling with the optimal treatment strategy, encompassing considerations such as duration and dosage of medications, which continue to be subjects of intense controversy and ongoing research. This article aims to report an older patient with the incidental diagnosis and management of Coccidioides in the thyroid.
Controlling Fusarium wilt of cape gooseberry by microbial consortia
Authors: García DianaS , González-Almario Adriana , Cotes Alba M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The use of microbial consortia has become a promising alternative for the management of various diseases. In this study, 18 artificial consortia were designed, consisting of five bacteria, five fungi, and a mixture of five fungi and five bacteria; from a collection of microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of cape gooseberry plants grown in two soils potentially suppressive against Fusarium oxysporum. When evaluated under greenhouse conditions for their biocontrol activity on cape gooseberry plants, one consortium was selected for their high efficacy (over 90%) in the control of vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. physali. This was constituted by 10 microorganisms, the bacteria Paenibacillus peoriae, Bacillus subtilis, Lysinibacillus sp., B. simplex, and Pseudomonas chlororaphis; and the fungi Beauveria bassiana, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Trichoderma gamsii, T. ghanense, and T. lignicola. On the other hand, four of the consortia evaluated in the presence of the pathogen mitigated the deleterious effect produced by the pathogen on plant growth, expressing higher dry weights, both in the aerial and root parts. This work represents the first report on using these mixtures of microorganisms to control vascular wilt produced by F. oxysporum. However, further studies are needed to determine their activity in cape gooseberry fields.
Small-scale clustering of BOSS galaxies: dependence on luminosity, colour, age, stellar mass, specific star formation rate, and other properties
Authors: Zhai Zhongxu , Percival Will J , Guo Hong 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We measure and analyse galaxy clustering and the dependence on luminosity, colour, age, stellar mass, and specific star formation rate using Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) galaxies at 0.48 &lt; z &lt; 0.62. We fit the monopole and quadrupole moments of the two-point correlation function and its projection on scales of 0.1–60.2 h−1 Mpc, after having split the catalogue in a variety of ways. We find that the clustering dependence is consistent with previous well-established results showing the broad trends expected: For example, that brighter, redder, older, more massive and quenched galaxies are more strongly clustered. We also investigate the dependence on additional parameters previously derived from stellar population synthesis model fits to the spectra. We find that galaxy clustering depends on look-back formation time at a low level, while it has little dependence on metallicity. To understand the physics behind these trends, we fit the clustering with a simulation-based emulator to simultaneously model cosmology and galaxy bias using a halo occupation distribution framework. After marginalizing parameters determining the background cosmology, galaxy bias, and a scaling parameter to decouple halo velocity field, we find that the growth rate of large-scale structure as determined by the redshift space distortions is consistent with previous analysis using the full sample, and we do not find evidence that cosmological constraints depend systematically on galaxy selection. This demonstrates that cosmological inference using small-scale clustering measurements is robust to changes in the catalogue selection.
Supermassive black holes in merger-free galaxies have higher spins which are preferentially aligned with their host galaxy
Authors: Beckmann R S , Smethurst R J , Simmons B D , Coil A , Dubois Y , Garland I L , Lintott C J , Martin G , Peirani S , Pichon C 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Here, we use the Horizon–active galactic nucleus (AGN) simulation to test whether the spins of supermassive black hole (SMBH) in merger-free galaxies are higher. We select samples using an observationally motivated bulge-to-total mass ratio of &lt;0.1, along with two simulation-motivated thresholds selecting galaxies which have not undergone a galaxy merger since z = 2, and those SMBHs with $\lt 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of their mass due to SMBH mergers. We find higher spins (&gt;5σ) in all three sample compared to the rest of the population. In addition, we find that SMBHs with their growth dominated by BH mergers following galaxy mergers are less likely to be aligned with their galaxy spin than those that have grown through accretion in the absence of galaxy mergers (3.4σ). We discuss the implications this has for the impact of active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, finding that merger-free SMBHs spend on average 91 per cent of their lifetimes since z = 2 in a radio mode of feedback (88 per cent for merger-dominated galaxies). Given that previous observational and theoretical works have concluded that merger-free processes dominate SMBH-galaxy co-evolution, our results suggest that this co-evolution could be regulated by radio mode AGN feedback.
Rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search for the 2-hydroxyacetonitrile isotopologues HO13CH2CN, HOCH213CN, and DOCH2CN
Authors: Margulès L , Coutens A , Ligterink N F W , Ahmadi A , Motiyenko R A , Alekseev E A , Vastel C , Caux E , Guillemin J-C 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The main isotopologue of 2-hydroxyacetonitrile (glycolonitrile; HOCH2CN) has recently been detected in the interstellar medium (ISM). To date, no rotational spectroscopy of 2-hydroxyacetonitrile 13C-isotopologues studies has been carried out and only few centimetre-wave measurements of one deuterated isotopologue (DOCH2CN) exist. The rotational spectrum of the 2-hydroxyacetonitrile 13C-isotopologues and DOCH2CN was investigated from 150 to 530 GHz. As the parent isotopic species, the other 2-hydroxyacetonitrile isotopologues exhibit large amplitude motion due to the torsion of the hydroxyl group. The analyses of the spectra were carried out using the reduced axis system (RAS) formalism and Watson’s S-reduction Hamiltonian implemented in the spfit code. More than 3000 lines were fitted for the three studied isotopologues, with quantum number values reaching 60–67 for J and 21–25 for Ka depending on the species. Accurate line lists up to 600 GHz and partition functions are provided. A search for these isotopologues in SMM1-a and IRAS 16293 B surveys resulted in non-detections; upper limits to the column density were determined. The accurate spectroscopic prediction of their spectra provided in this work will allow astronomers to continue the search for 2-hydroxyacetonitrile isotopologues in the ISM.
Modelling the escape of Lyman continuum photons from galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Bremer Jonas , Dayal Pratika 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We couple the DELPHI framework for galaxy formation with a model for the escape of ionizing photons to study both its variability with galaxy assembly and the resulting key reionization sources. In this model, leakage either occurs through a fully ionized gas distribution (ionization bounded) or additionally through channels cleared of gas by supernova explosions (ionization bounded + holes). The escape fraction is therefore governed by a combination of the density and star-formation rate. We find the central gas density to regulate the boundary between high (≳ 0.70) and low (≲ 0.06) escape fractions. As galaxies become denser at higher redshifts, this boundary shifts from $M_{h}\simeq 10^{9.5}\, {{\rm M}_{\odot }}$ at z ∼ 5 to $M_{h}\simeq 10^{7.8}\, {{\rm M}_{\odot }}$ at z ∼ 15. While leakage is entirely governed through holes above this mass range, it is not affecting general trends for lower masses. We find the co-evolution of galaxy assembly and the degree of leakage to be mass and redshift dependent, driven by an increasing fraction of fesc ≲ 0.06 galaxies at increasing mass and redshift. The variability in the escape of ionizing photons is driven by the underlying variations in our dark matter assembly histories. Galaxies with $M_h \lesssim 10^{7.9} ~ (10^{8.9})\, {\rm M_\odot }$ provide half of the escaping ionizing emissivity by z ∼ 10 (5) in the ionization bounded model. On the other hand, galaxies that purely leak through holes contribute 6 $(13)$ per cent at z ∼ 5 (15). We end by exploring the impact of two reionization feedback scenarios, in which we suppress the gas content of galaxies with $T_{\mathrm{vir}}\lt 20\, 000\, \mathrm{K}$ and $v_{c}\lt 30\, \mathrm{km\, s^{-1}}$ residing in ionized regions.
Dynamical masses and ages of Sirius-like systems
Authors: Zhang Hengyue , Brandt Timothy D , Kiman Rocio , Venner Alexander , An Qier , Chen Minghan , Li Yiting 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTWe measure precise orbits and dynamical masses and derive age constraints for six confirmed and one candidate Sirius-like systems, including the Hyades member HD 27483. Our orbital analysis incorporates radial velocities, relative astrometry, and Hipparcos–Gaia astrometric accelerations. We constrain the main-sequence lifetime of a white dwarf’s progenitor from the remnant’s dynamical mass and semi-empirical initial–final mass relations and infer the cooling age from mass and effective temperature. We present new relative astrometry of HD 27483 B from Keck/NIRC2 observations and archival Hubble Space Telescope data, and obtain the first dynamical mass of ${0.798}_{-0.041}^{+0.10}$ M⊙, and an age of ${450}_{-180}^{+570}$ Myr, consistent with previous age estimates of Hyades. We also measure precise dynamical masses for HD 114174 B (0.591 ± 0.011 M⊙) and HD 169889 B (${0.526}_{-0.037}^{+0.039}$ M⊙), but their age precisions are limited by their uncertain temperatures. For HD 27786 B, the unusually small mass of 0.443 ± 0.012 M⊙ suggests a history of rapid mass-loss, possibly due to binary interaction in its progenitor’s asymtotic giant branch phase. The orbits of HD 118475 and HD 136138 from our radial velocity fitting are overall in good agreement with Gaia DR3 astrometric two-body solutions, despite moderate differences in the eccentricity and period of HD 136138. The mass of ${0.580}_{-0.039}^{+0.052}$ M⊙ for HD 118475 B and a speckle imaging non-detection confirms that the companion is a white dwarf. Our analysis shows examples of a rich number of precise WD dynamical mass measurements enabled by Gaia DR3 and later releases, which will improve empirical calibrations of the white dwarf initial–final mass relation.
Modelling Local Bubble analogs: synthetic dust polarization maps
Authors: Maconi E , Soler J D , Reissl S , Girichidis P , Klessen R S , Hennebelle P , Molinari S , Testi L , Smith R J , Sormani M C , Teh J W , Traficante A 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a study of synthetic observations of polarized dust emission at 353 GHz as seen by an observer within a cavity in the interstellar medium (ISM). The cavity is selected from a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the local ISM with time-dependent chemistry, star formation, and stellar feedback in form of supernova explosions with physical properties comparable to the Local Bubble ones. We find that the local density enhancement together with the coherent magnetic field in the cavity walls makes the selected candidate a translucent polarization filter to the emission coming from beyond its domains. This underlines the importance of studying the Local Bubble in further detail. The magnetic field lines inferred from synthetic dust polarization data are qualitatively in agreement with the all-sky maps of polarized emission at 353 GHz from the Planck satellite in the latitudes interval 15° ≲ |b| ≲ 65°. As our numerical simulation allows us to track the galactic mid-plane only out to distances of $250\,$ pc, we exclude the region |b| ≲ 15° from our analysis. At large galactic latitudes, our model exhibits a high degree of small-scale structures. On the contrary, the observed polarization pattern around the Galactic Poles is relatively coherent and regular, and we argue that the global toroidal magnetic field of the Milky Way is important for explaining the data at |b| ≳ 65°. We show that from our synthetic polarization maps, it is difficult to distinguish between an open and a closed galactic cap using the inferred magnetic field morphology alone.
Constraining mass transfer and common-envelope physics with post-supernova companion monitoring
Authors: Hirai Ryosuke 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present an analytical model that describes the response of companion stars after being impacted by a supernova in a close binary system. This model captures key properties of the luminosity evolution obtained from 1D stellar evolution calculations fairly well: a high-luminosity plateau phase and a decaying tail phase. It can be used to constrain the pre-supernova binary properties from the observed photometry of the companion star several years after the explosion in a relatively simple manner. The derived binary parameters are useful in constraining the evolutionary scenario for the progenitors and the physics of binary interactions. We apply our model to some known stripped-envelope supernova companions (SN1993J, SN2001ig, SN2006jc, SN2011dh, and SN2013ge). Combined with other observational constraints such as the pre-supernova progenitor photometry, we find that SN1993J and SN2011dh likely had relatively massive companions on wide orbits, while SN2006jc may have had a relatively low-mass companion on a tight orbit. This trend suggests that Type IIb supernova progenitors evolved from stable mass transfer channels and Type Ibc progenitors may have formed from common-envelope channels. The constraints on orbital separation helps us probe the highly uncertain common-envelope physics for massive stars, especially with multiple epochs of companion observations. We also highlight possible limitations of our model due to the assumptions made in the underlying 1D models.
Binary black hole mergers from population III stars: uncertainties from star formation and binary star properties
Authors: Santoliquido Filippo , Mapelli Michela , Iorio Giuliano , Costa Guglielmo , Glover Simon C O , Hartwig Tilman , Klessen Ralf S , Merli Lorenzo 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Population III (Pop. III) binary stars likely produced the first stellar-born binary black hole (BBH) mergers in the Universe. Here, we quantify the main sources of uncertainty for the merger rate density evolution and mass spectrum of Pop. III BBHs by considering four different formation histories and 11 models of the initial orbital properties of Pop. III binary stars. The uncertainty on the orbital properties affects the BBH merger rate density by up to two orders of magnitude, models with shorter orbital periods leading to higher BBH merger rates. The uncertainty on the star formation history has a substantial impact on both the shape and the normalization of the BBH merger rate density: the peak of the merger rate density shifts from z ∼ 8 up to z ∼ 16 depending on the assumed star formation rate, while the maximum BBH merger rate density for our fiducial binary population model spans from ∼2 to ∼30 Gpc−3 yr−1. The typical BBH masses are not affected by the star formation rate model and only mildly influenced by the binary population parameters. The primary black holes born from Pop. III stars tend to be rather massive (30–40 M⊙) with respect to those born from metal-rich stars (8–10 M⊙). We estimate that the Einstein Telescope will detect 10–104 Pop. III BBH mergers per year, depending on the star formation history and binary star properties.
Consistent constraints on the equivalence principle from localized fast radio bursts
Authors: Reischke Robert , Hagstotz Steffen 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are short astrophysical transients of extragalactic origin. Their burst signal is dispersed by the free electrons in the large-scale-structure (LSS), leading to delayed arrival times at different frequencies. Another potential source of time delay is the well known Shapiro delay, which measures the space–space and time–time metric perturbations along the line-of-sight. If photons of different frequencies follow different trajectories, i.e. if the universality of free fall guaranteed by the weak equivalence principle (WEP) is violated, they would experience an additional relative delay. This quantity, however, is not observable at the background level as it is not gauge independent, which has led to confusion in previous papers. Instead, an imprint can be seen in the correlation between the time delays of different pulses. In this paper, we derive robust and consistent constraints from twelve localized FRBs on the violation of the WEP in the energy range between 4.6 and 6 meV. In contrast to a number of previous studies, we consider our signal to be not in the model, but in the covariance matrix of the likelihood. To do so, we calculate the covariance of the time delays induced by the free electrons in the LSS, the WEP breaking terms, the Milky Way and host galaxy. By marginalizing both host galaxy contribution and the contribution from the free electrons, we find that the parametrized post-Newtonian parameter γ characterizing the WEP violation must be constant in this energy range to 1 in 1013 at 68 per cent confidence. These are the tightest constraints to-date on Δγ in this low-energy range.