bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailored presolve techniques in branch‐and‐bound method for fast mixed‐integer optimal control applications
Authors: Quirynen Rien , Di Cairano Stefano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMixed‐integer model predictive control (MI‐MPC) can be a powerful tool for controlling hybrid systems. In case of a linear‐quadratic objective in combination with linear or piecewise‐linear system dynamics and inequality constraints, MI‐MPC needs to solve a mixed‐integer quadratic program (MIQP) at each sampling time step. This paper presents a collection of exact block‐sparse presolve techniques to efficiently remove decision variables, and to remove or tighten inequality constraints, tailored to mixed‐integer optimal control problems. In addition, we describe a novel approach based on a heuristic presolve algorithm to compute a feasible but possibly suboptimal MIQP solution. We present benchmarking results for a C code implementation of the proposed BB‐ASIPM solver, including a branch‐and‐bound (B&B) method with the proposed tailored presolve techniques and an active‐set based interior point method (ASIPM), compared against multiple state‐of‐the‐art MIQP solvers on a case study of motion planning with obstacle avoidance constraints. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and computational performance of the BB‐ASIPM solver in embedded system on a dSPACE Scalexio real‐time rapid prototyping unit for a second case study of stabilization for an underactuated cart‐pole with soft contacts.
Valuation of bimetallic Pd/Ni nanoparticles catalyst for the applications in direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Awad Somia , AL‐sheqefi F. U. Y. , Al‐Ahmadi Ameenah N. , Ibrahim Mohamed , Abdel‐Hady Esam E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe electrospinning method has been successfully employed to prepare various percentages of less expensive nickel/palladium (NP) nanofiber catalysts as an alternative to platinum in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC). The chemical structure, morphological characteristics, and electrochemical (EC) properties have been investigated using a variety of analysis techniques. According to the scanning electron microscope (SEM), all prepared samples with different Pd concentrations exhibit good nanofiber form and a distinct nanoparticle look. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals an amorphous carbon nanofiber structure with imbedded crystalline spheres of nickel and palladium. The carbonized polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers (PVANFs) have a steady and even distribution of nickel and palladium with an accurate nickel and palladium content, according to the energy dispersive X‐ray mapping results. The lack of hydroxide or oxide phases in the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern proves that Ni–Pd nanoparticles are present in the metallic phase. For the electrooxidation of methanol, urea, and an isopropanol‐methanol mixture, the electrocatalytic features of the fabricated samples have been examined. EC results show that methanol has the best electrocatalytic properties. Hence, NP nanofiber catalysts could be a promising candidate to replace platinum in DMFC.
Structural health monitoring of natural fiber‐based hybrid composites
Authors: Saleem M. , Orra Kashfull , Arumugam V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to evaluate mechanical behavior, detect early damage, and understand failure mechanisms of natural fiber composites using acoustic emission testing (AE). Natural fiber composites are increasingly used in various applications due to their low cost, renewable and biodegradable nature, and excellent mechanical properties. However, their mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms are complex and must be better understood, and nondestructive testing methods are required to evaluate their performance. The article discusses the AE behavior of banana‐ramie‐epoxy composites in tensile tests for the first time. The composites were fabricated by compression molding with 4‐layer banana‐ramie epoxy at 0° stacking. The AE signals were recorded and analyzed during the test using a piezoelectric high‐frequency sensor to identify the different types of AE events. The results showed that the composites exhibited high levels of AE activity at different stages. AE signals were closely related to the damage mechanisms occurring in the composites, such as fiber/matrix debonding, fiber breakage, and matrix cracking. This research results also suggest that AE can help optimize the design and performance of novel composites in practical applications.
Psychological and behavioral symptoms in patients with melanoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Danielsen Josefine T. , Strøm Louise , Knutzen Sofie M. , Schmidt Henrik , Amidi Ali , Wu Lisa M. , Zachariae Robert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveImproved survival rates have made it increasingly important for clinicians to focus on cancer survivorship issues affecting the quality of life of melanoma patients. To provide a comprehensive overview of the disease and treatment‐related issues affecting such patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature to estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive problems among melanoma patients, both uveal and cutaneous, before, during and after treatment.MethodsThe review was preregistered with PROSPERO (#CRD42020189847) and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of the literature published up until June 2022 was undertaken using PubMed, PsycInfo, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Two independent reviewers screened 1418 records and quality‐rated included studies. The reported prevalence rates of symptoms were pooled using a random‐effects model.ResultsSixty‐six studies including a total of 12,400 melanoma patients published between 1992 and 2022 were included. Pooled prevalence rates ranged from 6% to 16% for depression and 7%–30% for anxiety across diagnoses (uveal and cutaneous melanoma) and assessment time points. One third of the patients (35%) reported clinically significant fatigue, 20%–44% had cognitive complaints, while prevalence of sleep disturbance was not reported. Quality assessment indicated that 80% of the studies were of good quality.ConclusionA large body of research shows that depression and anxiety symptoms are prevalent in melanoma patients before, during and after treatment. However, research examining other symptoms known to affect quality of life, such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive problems, is still needed.
The effect of nose clip on exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in adolescents
Authors: Spivak Ilia , Gut Guy , Hanna Moneera , Gur Michal , Shallufi George , Ben‐David Yael , Nir Vered , Hakim Fahed , Bentur Lea , Bar‐Yoseph Ronen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral breathing is considered to increase hyper‐responsiveness of the airways. Data on the need for nose clip (NC) during exercise challenge test (ECT) in children and adolescents is scarce. Ouraim was to evaluate the role of NC during ECT in children and adolescents.MethodsA prospective, cohort study; children referred for ECT were evaluated on two separate visits, with and without a NC. Demographic, clinical data and measurements of lung functions were recorded. Allergy and asthma control were evaluated by Total Nasal Symptoms Score (TNSS) and Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaires.ResultsSixty children and adolescents (mean age 16.7 ± 1.1 years, 38% Female,) performed ECT with NC and 48 (80%) completed visit 2 (ECT without NC), 8.7 ± 7.9 days after visit 1. Following exercise, 29/48 patients (60.4%) with NC had a decline of ≥12% in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (positive ECT) compared to only 16/48 (33.3%) positive tests without NC (p = 0.0008). Test result was changed in 14 patients from positive ECT (with NC) to negative ECT (no NC) and in only one patient from negative to positive. The use of NC resulted in greater FEV1 decline (median 16.3% predicted, IQR 6.0−19.1% predicted vs. median 4.5% predicted, IQR 1.6−18.4% predicted, p = 0.0001), and better FEV1 increase after bronchodil at or inhalation compared to ECT without NC. Higher TNSS scores did not predict higher probability to positive ECT.ConclusionsThe use of NC during ECT increases detection rate of exercise induced bronchoconstriction during ECT in the pediatric population. These findings strengthen the recommendation of nasal blockage during ECT in children and adolescents.
Follow‐up bronchoscopy in a child with bronchial dielafoy disease
Authors: Madhusudan Manoj , Chandra Tejaswi , Jingade Srikanta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe previously reported an 11‐year‐old girl with Bronchial Dieulafoy disease who presented with an endobronchial lesion. She had an underlying bronchial vascular malformation for which she underwent embolization, and had remained asymptomatic since. On follow‐up, a near‐total resolution of the endobronchial lesion was observed.
A Novel Z‐Scheme Heterostructured Bi2S3/Cu‐TCPP Nanocomposite with Synergistically Enhanced Therapeutics against Bacterial Biofilm Infections in Periodontitis
Authors: Kong Qingchao , Qi Manlin , Li Wen , Shi Yujia , Su Jing , Xiao Shimeng , Sun Jiao , Bai Xue , Dong Biao , Wang Lin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPorphyrin‐based antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has found widespread applications in treating periodontitis. However, its clinical use is limited by poor energy absorption, resulting in limited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. To overcome this challenge, a novel Z‐scheme heterostructured nanocomposite of Bi2S3/Cu‐TCPP is developed. This nanocomposite exhibits highly efficient light absorption and effective electron–hole separation, thanks to the presence of heterostructures. The enhanced photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposite facilitate effective biofilm removal. Theoretical calculations confirm that the interface of the Bi2S3/Cu‐TCPP nanocomposite readily adsorbs oxygen molecules and hydroxyl radicals, thereby improving ROS production rates. Additionally, the photothermal treatment (PTT) using Bi2S3 nanoparticles promotes the release of Cu2+ ions, enhancing the chemodynamic therapy (CDT) effect and facilitating the eradication of dense biofilms. Furthermore, the released Cu2+ ions deplete glutathione in bacterial cells, weakening their antioxidant defense mechanisms. The synergistic effect of aPDT/PTT/CDT demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens, particularly in animal models of periodontitis, resulting in significant therapeutic effects, including inflammation alleviation and bone preservation. Therefore, this design of semiconductor‐sensitized energy transfer represents an important advancement in improving aPDT efficacy and the treatment of periodontal inflammation.
Kinetics‐Driven Dual Hydrogen Spillover Effects for Ultrasensitive Hydrogen Sensing
Authors: Cai Haijie , Luo Na , Wang Xiaowu , Guo Mengmeng , Li Xiaojie , Lu Bo , Xue Zhenggang , Xu Jiaqiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPalladium (Pd)‐modified metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) gas sensors often exhibit unexpected hydrogen (H2) sensing activity through a spillover effect. However, sluggish kinetics over a limited Pd‐MOS surface seriously restrict the sensing process. Here, a hollow Pd‐NiO/SnO2 buffered nanocavity is engineered to kinetically drive the H2 spillover over dual yolk‐shell surface for the ultrasensitive H2 sensing. This unique nanocavity is found and can induce more H2 absorption and markedly improve kinetical H2 ab/desorption rates. Meanwhile, the limited buffer‐room allows the H2 molecules to adequately spillover in the inside‐layer surface and thus realize dual H2 spillover effect. Ex situ XPS, in situ Raman, and density functional theory (DFT) analysis further confirm that the Pd species can effectively combine H2 to form Pd‐H bonds and then dissociate the hydrogen species to NiO/SnO2 surface. The final Pd‐NiO/SnO2 sensors exhibit an ultrasensitive response (0.1–1000 ppm H2) and low actual detection limit (100 ppb) at the operating temperature of 230 °C, which surpass that of most reported H2 sensors.
Exploiting High‐Voltage Stability of Dual‐Ion Aqueous Electrolyte Reinforced by Incorporation of Fiberglass into Zwitterionic Hydrogel Electrolyte
Authors: Zhanadilov Orynbay , Kim Hee Jae , Lai Hou‐Jen , Jiang Jyh‐Chiang , Konarov Aishuak , Mentbayeva Almagul , Bakenov Zhumabay , Sohn Kee‐Sun , Kaghazchi Payam , Myung Seung‐Taek 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRechargeable zinc aqueous batteries are key alternatives for replacing toxic, flammable, and expensive lithium‐ion batteries in grid energy storage systems. However, these systems possess critical weaknesses, including the short electrochemical stability window of water and intrinsic fast zinc dendrite growth. Hydrogel electrolytes provide a possible solution, especially cross‐linked zwitterionic polymers that possess strong water retention ability and high ionic conductivity. Herein, an in situ prepared fiberglass‐incorporated dual‐ion zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte with an ionic conductivity of 24.32 mS cm−1, electrochemical stability window up to 2.56 V, and high thermal stability is presented. By incorporating this hydrogel electrolyte of zinc and lithium triflate salts, a zinc//LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4 pouch cell delivers a reversible capacity of 130 mAh g−1 in the range of 1.0–2.2 V at 0.1C, and the test at 2C provides an initial capacity of 82.4 mAh g−1 with 71.8% capacity retention after 1000 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 97%. Additionally, the pouch cell is fire resistant and remains safe after cutting and piercing.
Rugged Forest Morphology of Magnetoplasmonic Nanorods that Collect Maximum Light for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Goddati Mahendra , Nguyen Huu‐Quang , Kang Sohyun , Gicha Birhanu Bayissa , Tufa Lemma Teshome , Nwaji Njemuwa , Nguyen My‐Chi Thi , Gwak Juyong , Lee Jaebeom 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA feasible nanoscale framework of heterogeneous plasmonic materials and proper surface engineering can enhance photoelectrochemical (PEC) water‐splitting performance owing to increased light absorbance, efficient bulk carrier transport, and interfacial charge transfer. This article introduces a new magnetoplasmonic (MagPlas) Ni‐doped Au@FexOy nanorods (NRs) based material as a novel photoanode for PEC water‐splitting. A two stage procedure produces core–shell Ni/Au@FexOy MagPlas NRs. The first‐step is a one‐pot solvothermal synthesis of Au@FexOy. The hollow FexOy nanotubes (NTs) are a hybrid of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, and the second‐step is a sequential hydrothermal treatment for Ni doping. Then, a transverse magnetic field‐induced assembly is adopted to decorate Ni/Au@FexOy on FTO glass to be an artificially roughened morphologic surface called a rugged forest, allowing more light absorption and active electrochemical sites. Then, to characterize its optical and surface properties, COMSOL Multiphysics simulations are carried out. The core–shell Ni/Au@FexOy MagPlas NRs increase photoanode interface charge transfer to 2.73 mAcm−2 at 1.23 V RHE. This improvement is made possible by the rugged morphology of the NRs, which provide more active sites and oxygen vacancies as the hole transfer medium. The recent finding may provide light on plasmonic photocatalytic hybrids and surface morphology for effective PEC photoanodes.
Construction of Dual‐Channel Water Transport in Mesoporous Silica Low Humidity Sensors to Achieve High Sensitivity
Authors: Ma Zhiyan , Miao Xiaoya , Song Yaping , Yu Yunlong , Wu Ke , Liu Sen , Fei Teng , Zhang Tong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, strong hydrophilic poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are selectively grafted on different positions (mesoporous channels and outer surface) of mesoporous silica via thiol‐ene click chemical reaction. The purposes of selective grafting are on the one hand, to explore the differences of adsorption and transportation of water molecules in mesoporous channels and on the outer surface, and on the other hand, to combine the two approaches (intra‐pore grafting and external surface grafting) to reasonably design SiO2@PILs low humidity sensing film with synergetic function to achieve high sensitivity. The results of low relativehumidity （RH） sensing test show that the sensing performance of humidity sensor based on mesoporous silica grafted with PILs in the channels is better than that of humidity sensor based on mesoporous silica grafted with PILs on the outer surface. Compared with water molecules transport single channel, the construction of dual‐channel water transport significantly improves the sensitivity of the low humidity sensor, and the response of the sensor is up to 4112% in the range of 7–33% RH. Moreover, the existence of micropores and the formation of dual‐channel water transport affect the adsorption/desorption behaviors of the sensor under different humidity ranges, especially below 11% RH.
The global challenge of cancer governance
Authors: Lunt Neil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe global cancer statistics are stark, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020, around one in six of all deaths globally. The World Health Organization estimates that 70% of these cancer deaths occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries and cancer will continue to rise as a proportion of deaths in these settings. We may usefully characterize cancer as a “social mess,” a set of interrelated problems and other messes including poverty and social determinants of health. One part of cancer's “messiness” is the governance deficit around cancer burden and regional inequities This policy paper assesses the field of global oncology governance and the interplay of legal instruments, soft law, national developments, donor activities, as well as partnerships, networks, and coalitions. Cancer governance is central to tackling cancer inequalities. Continuing to probe the complexities of cancer governance requires attention to market mechanisms, international agreements, soft power, political willpower, partnerships, collaborations and networks, and patient participation. Governance is inseparable from “paradigmatic” framings and cancer must be seen as a human rights issue.
Introduction
Authors: Matarese Vera , De Baerdemaeker Siska , Mills Boyd Nora 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis volume is the first edited collection of philosophy of astrophysics. In this introductory chapter, we provide a brief history of the rise of philosophy of astrophysics as a distinct subdiscipline in philosophy of science, brief summaries of the chapters in the volume and their interrelated themes, and a few suggestions for further work.
On the Epistemology of Observational Black Hole Astrophysics
Authors: Doboszewski Juliusz , Lehmkuhl Dennis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe discuss three philosophically interesting epistemic peculiarities of black hole astrophysics: (1) issues concerning whether and in what sense black holes do exist; (2) how to best approach multiplicity of available definitions of black holes; (3) short (i.e., accessible within an individual human lifespan) dynamical timescales present in many of the recent, as well as prospective, observations involving black holes. In each case we argue that the prospects for our epistemic situation are optimistic.
Extragalactic Reality Revisited: Astrophysics and Entity Realism
Authors: Allzén Simon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAstrophysics is a scientific field with a rich ontology of individual processes and general phenomena that occur in our universe. Despite its central role in our understanding of the physics of the universe, astrophysics has largely been ignored in the debate on scientific realism. As a notable exception, Hacking (Philos Sci 56(4):555–581, 1989) argues that the lack of experiments in astrophysics forces us to be anti-realist with respect to the entities which astrophysics claim inhabit the universe. In this paper, I investigate the viability of astrophysical realism about black holes, given other formulations of entity realism, specifically Cartwright’s (How the Laws of Physics Lie. Oxford University Press, 1983), and Chakravartty’s (A Metaphysics for Scientific Realism: Knowing the Unobervable. Cambridge University Press, 2007) versions of entity realism. I argue that on these accounts of entity realism, you cannot be a realist with respect to black holes, and likewise, if you want to be a realist about black holes, you cannot be an entity realist of these particular strands.
Reflections by a Theoretical Astrophysicist
Authors: Heng Kevin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA theoretical astrophysicist discusses the principles and rules-of-thumb underlying the construction of models and simulations from the perspective of an active practitioner, where it is emphasised that they are designed to address specific scientific questions. That models are valid only within a restricted space of parameters and degenerate combinations of parameter values produce the same observable outcome are features, and not bugs, of competent practice that fit naturally within a Bayesian framework of inference. Idealisations within a model or simulation are strongly tied to the questions they are designed to address and the precision at which they are confronted by data. If the practitioner visualises a hierarchy of models of varying sophistication (which is standard practice in astrophysics and climate science), then de-idealisation becomes an irrelevant concept. Opportunities for future collaborations between astrophysicists and philosophers of science are suggested.
Hybrid Enrichment of Theory and Observation in Next-Generation Stellar Population Synthesis
Authors: Patton Lydia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNext-generation observational surveys in astronomy provide empirical data with increasingly high resolution and precision. After presenting the basic methods of population synthesis (via Conroy C, Ann Rev Astronom Astrophys 51:393–455, 2013; Maraston C, Mon Not Royal Astronom Soc 362:799–825, 2005), this paper argues for several related conclusions. The increased precision of the new methods requires the development of improved theoretical resources and models to provide the richest interpretation of the new data (as argued by Maraston C, Strömbäck G, Monthly Not Royal Astronom Soc 418:2785–2811, 2011). The measurement of physical variables and parameters in population synthesis is best understood using a model-based account along the lines of (Tal E, The epistemology of measurement: a model-based approach. Dissertation, The University of Toronto, 2012) and (Parker WS, Br J Philos Sci 68:273–304, 2017). Finally, in the case of population synthesis, improved empirical data does not dispense with the need for theoretical reasoning in post-data analysis. In fact, the high-resolution data used in next-generation population synthesis demands ever richer theories and models, a process that results in hybrid enrichment of theoretical and observational methods and results.
Doing More with Less: Dark Matter & Modified Gravity
Authors: Martens Niels C. M. , King Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTwo approaches have emerged to resolve discrepancies between predictions and observations at galactic and cosmological scales: introducing dark matter or modifying the laws of gravity. Practitioners of each approach claim to better satisfy a different explanatory ideal, either unification or simplicity. In this chapter, we take a closer look at the ideals and at the successes of these approaches in achieving them. Not only are these ideals less divisive than assumed, but moreover we argue that the approaches are focusing on different aspects of the same ideal. This realisation opens up the possibility of a more fruitful trading zone between dark matter and modified gravity communities.