bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher order lubrication model between slip walls
Authors: Takeuchi Shintaro , Omori Takeshi , Fujii Takehiro , Kajishima Takeo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA higher order lubrication model between slip walls is proposed for predicting the flow fields that cannot be described by the standard lubrication models based on the thin-gap approximation. The analysis shows that when considering the non-negligible pressure gradient in the surface-normal direction, the local pressure can be separated into (i) the base contribution by the modified Reynolds lubrication equation and (ii) the higher order component varying in both longitudinal and wall-normal directions, which takes the form proportional to the longitudinal derivative of the local velocity of the Couette–Poiseuille flow. For both (i) and (ii), the effect of the slip boundaries appears as the apparent displacements of the no-slip solid walls, and for (i) additional terms (to the no-slip case) also appear. The validity of the higher order slip-wall lubrication model is established by comparing the analytical prediction of the pressure with the fully resolved numerical results in a relatively wide region between a no-slip corrugated wall and a flat plate with varying slip length: the contribution of the higher order term is identified as the decreased lubrication pressure due to velocity slip. The model also successfully predicts the trend of pressure change between the varying slip case and a more realistic system with constant slip length for a channel, where the thin-gap approximation does not hold.
PI3K inhibition circumvents resistance to SHP2 blockade in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Amante Romain J. , Jehanno Charly , De Silva Duvini , Coissieux Marie-May , Ackerknecht Markus , Romanet Vincent , Sethi Atul , Hamelin Baptiste , Preca Bogdan-Tiberius , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Ng Charlotte K. Y. , Mohseni Morvarid , Bentires-Alj Mohamed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 activates oncogenic pathways downstream of most receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) and has been implicated in various cancer types, including the highly aggressive subtype of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Although allosteric inhibitors of SHP2 have been developed and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, neither the mechanisms of the resistance to these agents, nor the means to circumvent such resistance have been clearly defined. The PI3K signaling pathway is also hyperactivated in breast cancer and contributes to resistance to anticancer therapies. When PI3K is inhibited, resistance also develops for example via activation of RTKs. We therefore assessed the effect of targeting PI3K and SHP2 alone or in combination in preclinical models of metastatic TNBC. In addition to the beneficial inhibitory effects of SHP2 alone, dual PI3K/SHP2 treatment decreased primary tumor growth synergistically, blocked the formation of lung metastases, and increased survival in preclinical models. Mechanistically, transcriptome and phospho-proteome analyses revealed that resistance to SHP2 inhibition is mediated by PDGFRβ-evoked activation of PI3K signaling. Altogether, our data provide a rationale for co-targeting of SHP2 and PI3K in metastatic TNBC.
Explainable AI and Causal Understanding: Counterfactual Approaches Considered
Authors: Baron Sam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe counterfactual approach to explainable AI (XAI) seeks to provide understanding of AI systems through the provision of counterfactual explanations. In a recent systematic review, Chou et al. (Inform Fus 81:59–83, 2022) argue that the counterfactual approach does not clearly provide causal understanding. They diagnose the problem in terms of the underlying framework within which the counterfactual approach has been developed. To date, the counterfactual approach has not been developed in concert with the approach for specifying causes developed by Pearl (Causality: Models, reasoning, and inference. Cambridge University Press, 2000) and Woodward (Making things happen: A theory of causal explanation. Oxford University Press, 2003). In this paper, I build on Chou et al.’s work by applying the Pearl-Woodward approach. I argue that the standard counterfactual approach to XAI is capable of delivering causal understanding, but that there are limitations on its capacity to do so. I suggest a way to overcome these limitations.
Endemic Systemic Mycoses in Italy: A Systematic Review of Literature and a Practical Update
Authors: Zerbato Verena , Di Bella Stefano , Pol Riccardo , D’Aleo Francesco , Angheben Andrea , Farina Claudio , Conte Marco , Luzzaro Francesco ,   Gianluigi Lombardi on behalf of the AMCLI Mycology Committee, Luzzati Roberto , Principe Luigi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndemic systemic mycoses such as blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, talaromycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis are emerging as an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We conducted a systematic review on endemic systemic mycoses reported in Italy from 1914 to nowadays. We found out: 105 cases of histoplasmosis, 15 of paracoccidioidomycosis, 10 of coccidioidomycosis, 10 of blastomycosis and 3 of talaromycosis. Most cases have been reported in returning travelers and expatriates or immigrants. Thirtytwo patients did not have a story of traveling to an endemic area. Fortysix subjects had HIV/AIDS. Immunosuppression was the major risk factor for getting these infections and for severe outcomes. We provided an overview on microbiological characteristics and clinical management principles of systemic endemic mycoses with a focus on the cases reported in Italy.
Multi-nuclear sodium, diffusion, and perfusion MRI in human gliomas
Authors: Cho Nicholas S. , Sanvito Francesco , Thakuria Shruti , Wang Chencai , Hagiwara Akifumi , Nagaraj Raksha , Oshima Sonoko , Lopez Kolkovsky Alfredo L. , Lu Jianwen , Raymond Catalina , Liau Linda M. , Everson Richard G. , Patel Kunal S. , Kim Won , Yang Isaac , Bergsneider Marvin , Nghiemphu Phioanh L. , Lai Albert , Nathanson David A. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Ellingson Benjamin M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is limited knowledge about the associations between sodium and proton MRI measurements in brain tumors. The purpose of this study was to quantify intra- and intertumoral correlations between sodium, diffusion, and perfusion MRI in human gliomas.

Methods
Twenty glioma patients were prospectively studied on a 3T MRI system with multinuclear capabilities. Three mutually exclusive tumor volumes of interest (VOIs) were segmented: contrast-enhancing tumor (CET), T2/FLAIR hyperintense non-enhancing tumor (NET), and necrosis. Median and voxel-wise associations between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), normalized relative cerebral blood volume (nrCBV), and normalized sodium measurements were quantified for each VOI.

Results
Both relative sodium concentration and ADC were significantly higher in areas of necrosis compared to NET (P = 0.003 and P = 0.008, respectively) and CET (P = 0.02 and P = 0.02). Sodium concentration was higher in CET compared to NET (P = 0.04). Sodium and ADC were higher in treated compared to treatment-naïve gliomas within NET (P = 0.006 and P = 0.01, respectively), and ADC was elevated in CET (P = 0.03). Median ADC and sodium concentration were positively correlated across patients in NET (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001) and CET (r = 0.84, P < 0.0001), but not in areas of necrosis (r = 0.45, P = 0.12). Median nrCBV and sodium concentration were negatively correlated across patients in areas of NET (r=-0.63, P = 0.003). Similar associations were observed when examining voxel-wise correlations within VOIs.

Conclusion
Sodium MRI is positively correlated with proton diffusion MRI measurements in gliomas, likely reflecting extracellular water. Unique areas of multinuclear MRI contrast may be useful in future studies to understand the chemistry of the tumor microenvironment.
Teachers’ and principals’ perceptions of school climate: the role of principals’ leadership style in organizational quality
Authors: Veletić Jelena , Price Heather E. , Olsen Rolf Vegar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we report on teachers’ and principals’ shared perceptions regarding beliefs, rules, trust, and encouragement of new initiatives. Collectively, these are aspects of leadership for learning (LFL) describing an overall shared climate in schools. We demonstrate how these perceptions on school climate differ across teachers and principals within and across countries. Moreover, we report how different perceptions of school climate are associated with leadership style. We analyze data from 37 countries that participated in the last cycle of the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) in 2018. To build the measurement model, we employ multigroup multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, whereas multivariate linear regression is used to inspect associations. Overall, principals and teachers differ in their views of school climate. In the majority of the countries, principals report stronger school climate than teachers. We further confirm these perceptual differences between teachers and principals by separately studying the relationships between teacher perceived school climate and principal perceived school climate with relevant leadership variables. In the entire sample, we find that principals’ perceptions of school climate are more strongly and consistently associated with leadership in schools. This relationship is particularly stable for distributed leadership. In the entire sample, leadership styles are weakly positively correlated with teacher perceptions of school climate too; however, this association is less pronounced and less stable within individual countries. The analyses conducted within countries revealed that the distributed leadership rather than instructional leadership shapes teachers’ perceptions of school climate. More discussion is presented on the need for alignment between different perceptions of school climate and leadership styles in the overall organizational quality.
Interventions for improving clinical outcomes and health-related quality-of-life for people living with skeletal dysplasias: an evidence gap map
Authors: Moy Naomi , Flynn Darren , Henriquez Josefa , Connelly Luke B. , Vale Luke , Paolucci Francesco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Skeletal dysplasias are rare genetic disorders that are characterized by abnormal development of bone and cartilage. There are multiple medical and non-medical treatments for specific symptoms of skeletal dysplasias e.g. pain, as well as corrective surgical procedures to improve physical functioning. The aim of this paper was to develop an evidence-gap map of treatment options for skeletal dysplasias, and their impact on patient outcomes.

Methods
We conducted an evidence-gap map to identify the available evidence on the impact of treatment options on people with skeletal dysplasias on clinical outcomes (such as increase in height), and dimensions of health-related quality of life. A structured search strategy was applied to five databases. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion in two stages: titles and abstracts (stage 1), and full text of studies retained at stage 2.

Results
58 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The included studies covered 12 types of skeletal dysplasia that are non-lethal with severe limb deformities that could result in significant pain and numerous orthopaedic interventions. Most studies reported on the effect of surgical interventions (n = 40, 69%), followed by the effect of treatments on dimensions of health quality-of-life (n = 4, 6.8%) and psychosocial functioning (n = 8, 13.8%).

Conclusion
Most studies reported on clinical outcomes from surgery for people living with Achondroplasia. Consequently, there are gaps in the literature on the full range of treatment options (including no active treatment), outcomes and the lived experience of people living with other skeletal dysplasias. More research is warranted to examine the impact of treatments on health-related quality-of-life of people living with skeletal dysplasias, including their relatives to enable them to make preference- and valued based decisions about treatment.
Non-pharmacological Interventions for Problematic Substance Use: a Rapid Overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews
Authors: Megranahan Karen , Megranahan Danielle , Cooper Andrew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA Rapid review of Cochrane Systematic Reviews to identify the non-pharmacological interventions in substance use treatment services and their effectiveness levels where reported. Cochrane systematic reviews were matched to the inclusion criteria and data extracted. A total of 667 studies and 532041 participants are included. The non-pharmacological interventions found can be grouped into three categories: information dissemination, non-specialized face to face interactions, and qualified therapeutic interventions. The measured intervention effectiveness ranged from poor to moderate. The most often reported interventions were cognitive behavioural therapy, motivational interviewing, mindfulness, and contingency management. A wide range of non-pharmacological interventions are being used to treat problematic substance use despite the lack of supportive effectiveness evidence. Missing non-pharmacological interventions include creative arts interventions and lived experience recovery organisations, both of which are gaining momentum in the treatment of substance use.
Gesundheitsförderungsbedarfe in der stationären Langzeit- und mobilen Betreuung und Pflege in Österreich
Authors: Reis-Klingspiegl Karin , Neuhold Christine , Krajic Karl , Lintner Margit , Lang Gert , Ramelow Daniela 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Gesundheitsförderung gilt seit mehr als einem Jahrzehnt als Empfehlung für Pflegesettings, um Gesundheit und Arbeitsfähigkeit des Personals, aber auch Gesundheit und Lebensqualität von betreuten Menschen sowie deren An- und Zugehörigen zu stärken.

Zielsetzungen
Im Zentrum steht die Frage, inwieweit Gesundheitsförderung in österreichischen Pflegesettings Relevanz erlangt hat. Dazu berichten in der vorgestellten Studie Führungskräfte aus stationären und mobilen Einrichtungen der Langzeitbetreuung und -pflege den wahrgenommenen Bedarf sowie bestehende Angebote zu dessen Deckung. Der Bedarf wird nach Themen und nach drei Zielgruppen (Personal, Betreute, An- und Zugehörige) spezifiziert.

Material und Methoden
Die Erhebung folgt einem Mixed-Methods-Ansatz. Zunächst wurden 19 Telefoninterviews mit Führungskräften und ExpertInnen unterschiedlicher Trägerorganisationen, des Weiteren zwei Fokusgruppen mit 8 institutionellen VertreterInnen der Betreuten durchgeführt. Anschließend erfolgte eine schriftliche Online-Befragung von Führungskräften, an der mit 287 Rückmeldungen VertreterInnen von 24 % der 2021 österreichweit bestehenden Pflege- und Betreuungseinrichtungen teilgenommen haben.

Ergebnisse
Der Gesundheitsförderungsbedarf wird für die Zielgruppen relativ unabhängig vom Pflegesektor ähnlich beschrieben. Thematisch gleichen sich der Bedarf des Personals und jener der An- und Zugehörigen. Besonders betont wird der Bedarf im Umgang mit Menschen mit Demenz und in Bezug auf die Stärkung der eigenen psychischen Gesundheit. Bei den Betreuten besteht besonderer Unterstützungsbedarf für die Bewältigung ihrer Situation sowie für sinnstiftende Beschäftigungsangebote. Bei den berichteten Angeboten zeigt sich bei allen drei Zielgruppen eine häufig schlechte Passung von geäußertem Bedarf und bestehenden Angeboten.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Anschlussfähigkeit von Gesundheitsförderung hat sich im vergangenen Jahrzehnt verbessert, aber kaum im Sinne einer umfassenden Settingorientierung. Weiteres Entwicklungspotenzial zeigt sich daher für bedarfs- bzw. situationsangepasste, insbesondere auch für ganzheitliche, nachhaltige Gesundheitsförderungsinterventionen.
Process strategies for milling of dimples on tapered roller bearings
Authors: Denkena Berend , Bergmann Benjamin , Keitel Michael , Wege Christian , Poll Gerhard , Kelley Josephine , Pape Florian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFrictional losses occur in tapered roller bearings, particularly at low rolling speeds, which pose a risk of wear. The increased friction losses are a result of insufficient lubricant film thicknesses in the rolling and rib contact. Micro-lubrication dimples can be used to induce additional lubricant into the contact zone and minimize friction. The aim of this paper is therefore to implement a suitable machining strategy for the production of defined microstructures for tribologically optimized applications and to identify relationships between geometry formation and process parameters. For this purpose, the microstructure milling process was first modelled with a material removal simulation, including tool displacement. Additionally the kinematic limits of the machine tool were determined. The tool displacement was determined experimentally for this purpose. Subsequently, the findings from the simulation were used to induce microstructures in a defined manner on tapered roller bearings made of hardened 100 Cr6 steel. The investigations showed that the defined generation of lubrication dimples is possible with the developed machining strategy. Due to the inclination of the inboard bearing, there is a deviating depth of engagement when the tool penetrates, which also increases the tool displacement. As a result of the microstructure milling process, burr formation occurs, which shows a dependence on cutting speed and structure alignment. Increased burr formation and tool wear at structure orientations of 45° and 70° were found.
Models Predicting Postpartum Glucose Intolerance Among Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review
Authors: Belsti Yitayeh , Moran Lisa , Handiso Demelash Woldeyohannes , Versace Vincent , Goldstein Rebecca , Mousa Aya , Teede Helena , Enticott Joanne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Despite the crucial role that prediction models play in guiding early risk stratification and timely intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), their use is not widespread in clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to examine the methodological characteristics and quality of existing prognostic models predicting postpartum glucose intolerance following GDM.
Recent Findings.
A systematic review was conducted on relevant risk prediction models, resulting in 15 eligible publications from research groups in various countries. Our review found that traditional statistical models were more common than machine learning models, and only two were assessed to have a low risk of bias. Seven were internally validated, but none were externally validated. Model discrimination and calibration were done in 13 and four studies, respectively. Various predictors were identified, including body mass index, fasting glucose concentration during pregnancy, maternal age, family history of diabetes, biochemical variables, oral glucose tolerance test, use of insulin in pregnancy, postnatal fasting glucose level, genetic risk factors, hemoglobin A1c, and weight.

Summary
The existing prognostic models for glucose intolerance following GDM have various methodological shortcomings, with only a few models being assessed to have low risk of bias and validated internally. Future research should prioritize the development of robust, high-quality risk prediction models that follow appropriate guidelines, in order to advance this area and improve early risk stratification and intervention for glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes among women who have had GDM.
The Heart and Artificial Intelligence—How Can We Improve Medicine Without Causing Harm
Authors: Reich Christoph , Meder Benjamin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The introduction of Artificial Intelligence into the healthcare system offers enormous opportunities for biomedical research, the improvement of patient care, and cost reduction in high-end medicine. Digital concepts and workflows are already playing an increasingly important role in cardiology. The fusion of computer science and medicine offers great transformative potential and enables enormous acceleration processes in cardiovascular medicine.

Recent Findings
As medical data becomes smart, it is also becoming more valuable and vulnerable to malicious actors. In addition, the gap between what is technically possible and what is allowed by privacy legislation is growing. Principles of the General Data Protection Regulation that have been in force since May 2018, such as transparency, purpose limitation, and data minimization, seem to hinder the development and use of Artificial Intelligence.

Summary
Concepts to secure data integrity and incorporate legal and ethical principles can help to avoid the potential risks of digitization and may result in an European leadership in regard to privacy protection and AI. The following review provides an overview of relevant aspects of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, highlights selected applications in cardiology, and discusses central ethical and legal considerations.
Variety Differentiation: Development of a CRISPR DETECTR Method for the Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Cacao (Theobroma cacao) and Almonds (Prunus dulcis)
Authors: Wax Nils , La-Rostami Farshad , Albert Chenyang , Fischer Markus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo prevent food fraud, products can be monitored by various chemical-analytical techniques. In this study, we present a CRISPR-Cpf1 DETECTR-based assay for the differentiation of plant ingredients in sweet confectionary like fine and bulk-cocoa, or bitter and sweet almonds. To enable rapid in-field analysis, the trans-cleavage activity of the Cpf1 enzyme was used to develop a DETECTR (DNA endonuclease-targeted CRISPR trans reporter) assay for simple, highly specific fluorometric detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The endonuclease Cpf1 requires the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) 5’-TTTV-3’ for activation, but the recognition sequence is freely programmable. The SNPs were selected to alter the Cpf1 specific PAM sequence. As a result, sequences that do not carry the canonical PAM sequence are not detected and thus not cut. The optimized system was used for both raw material and processed products such as cocoa masses or marzipan with a limit of detection of 3 ng template DNA. In addition, we were able to implement the system in the context of an LFA (lateral flow assay) to serve as a basis for the development of rapid test systems.
Evaluation of 3D-printed bolus for radiotherapy using megavoltage X-ray beams
Authors: Zhang Chunsu , Lewin Will , Cullen Ashley , Thommen Daniel , Hill Robin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA radiotherapy bolus is a tissue-equivalent material placed on the skin to adjust the surface dose of megavoltage X-ray beams used for treatment. In this study, the dosimetric properties of two 3D-printed filament materials, polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyether urethane (TPU), used as radiotherapy boluses, were investigated. The dosimetric properties of PLA and TPU were compared with those of several conventional bolus materials and RMI457 Solid Water. Percentage depth-dose (PDD) measurements in the build-up region were performed for all materials using 6 and 10 MV photon treatment beams on Varian linear accelerators. The results showed that the differences in the PDDs of the 3D-printed materials from the RMI457 Solid Water were within 3%, whereas those of the dental wax and SuperFlab gel materials were within 5%. This indicates that PLA and TPU 3D-printed materials are suitable radiotherapy bolus materials.