bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundfish biodiversity change in northeastern Pacific waters under projected warming and deoxygenation
Authors: Thompson Patrick L. , Nephin Jessica , Davies Sarah C. , Park Ashley E. , Lyons Devin A. , Rooper Christopher N. , Angelica Peña M. , Christian James R. , Hunter Karen L. , Rubidge Emily , Holdsworth Amber M. 
Published: May 2023

In the coming decades, warming and deoxygenation of marine waters are anticipated to result in shifts in the distribution and abundance of fishes, with consequences for the diversity and composition of fish communities. Here, we combine fisheries-independent trawl survey data spanning the west coast of the USA and Canada with high-resolution regional ocean models to make projections of how 34 groundfish species will be impacted by changes in temperature and oxygen in British Columbia (BC) and Washington. In this region, species that are projected to decrease in occurrence are roughly balanced by those that are projected to increase, resulting in considerable compositional turnover. Many, but not all, species are projected to shift to deeper depths as conditions warm, but low oxygen will limit how deep they can go. Thus, biodiversity will likely decrease in the shallowest waters (less than 100 m), where warming will be greatest, increase at mid-depths (100–600 m) as shallow species shift deeper, and decrease at depths where oxygen is limited (greater than 600 m). These results highlight the critical importance of accounting for the joint role of temperature, oxygen and depth when projecting the impacts of climate change on marine biodiversity.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions’.
Neighbourhood built environments, socioeconomic position, and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease: a prospective study using UK Biobank
Authors: Mason Kate , Pearce Neil , Cummins Steven 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeighbourhood environments may influence cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, e.g. by influencing diet and physical activity (PA) behaviours. We explored whether associations between characteristics of neighbourhood environments and CVD are modified by area deprivation and household income. If effects of neighbourhood risk exposures vary by socioeconomic position, efforts to improve population health by improving neighbourhood built environments could widen health inequalities.MethodsIn the UK Biobank cohort we used linked records of hospital admissions to assess the relative hazard of being admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of CVD according to three characteristics of the neighbourhood built environment: availability of formal PA facilities, proximity of a takeaway/fast-food store, and neighbourhood greenspace. We then examined potential effect modification of the main associations by household income and area deprivation. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for likely confounding, and calculated relative excess risks due to interaction (RERI) to assess effect modification on the additive scale. We also examined the combined modifying role of income and deprivation.ResultsThere were 13,809 incident CVD admissions in the sample (mean follow-up=6.8 years). Overall associations between neighbourhood exposures and CVD-related hospital admissions were weak to null. However, there was evidence of effect modification by both area deprivation and household income. Greater availability of PA facilities near home was associated with lower risk of CVD-related admission in more deprived areas, but only among people in higher-income households. Area deprivation and household income both modified the association with fast-food proximity. More greenspace was not associated with lower risk of CVD-related admission for any group. Some results differed between women and men. Findings were largely robust to alternative model specifications.ConclusionsImproving deprived neighbourhoods by increasing the number of PA facilities, while also ensuring access to these is free or affordable, may improve population health. Examining effect modification by multiple socioeconomic indicators in parallel can yield deeper insight into how different aspects of the people’s socioeconomic conditions influence their relationship with the built environment and its effects on their health. Improved understanding may help to avoid generating or perpetuating health inequalities when neighbourhood-based built environment interventions are designed.
Analysing the psychosocial and health impacts of Long COVID in Pakistan: A cross sectional study
Authors: Khan Madeeha , Majeed Sadaf , Ain Qura Tul , Nawaz Amjad , Sumra Khadija Awais , Lammi Vilma , Nihal Faizan , Afrah Aleena , Khan Ejaz Ahmed , Khan Mohammad Iqbal , Sadiq Fouzia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLong COVID corresponds to the occurrence of symptoms beyond twelve weeks after the onset of acute COVID-19 illness. The study aimed to analyze impacts of long COVID on the general health and psychosocial well-being of the Pakistani population. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyse the impacts of long COVID on general health and psychosocial well-being. For this study, the participants were interviewed, and their responses were recorded on a questionnaire capturing information on demographics, COVID-19 status, duration of symptoms and long COVID symptoms. The psychological impacts of the pandemic were assessed using scales like Short Mood and feeling questionnaire (sMFQ), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Regression analysis was conducted to analyse the predictors of long COVID. A total of 300 participants were interviewed, of which 155 (52%) had COVID-19 illness. Of these 54 (35%) had persistent symptoms for a period of more than 12 weeks classified as long COVID. Muscle problems and fatigue were the most frequent (14.7%) symptoms encountered, followed by breathing problems (12.6%) and cognitive issues (12.6%). Symptoms such as decrease in appetite and confusion or disorientation during the initial phase of the infection were associated with long COVID. Majority of the participants (83.3%) had moderate level of perceived stress while moderate to severe levels of stress was observed in 17.3% of the individuals. Moreover, a high level positive mental wellbeing was also observed.
Long COVID and financial outcomes: Evidence from four longitudinal population surveys
Authors: Rhead Rebecca , Wels Jacques , Moltrecht Bettina , Shaw Richard J. , Silverwood Richard J. , Zhu Jingmin , Hughes Alun , Chaturvedi Nishi , Demou Evangelia , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Ploubidis George B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLong-term sequelae of COVID-19 (long COVID) include muscle weakness, fatigue, breathing difficulties and sleep disturbance over weeks or months. Using UK longitudinal data, we assessed the relationship between long COVID and financial disruption.MethodsWe estimated associations between long COVID (derived using self-reported length of COVID-19 symptoms) and measures of financial disruption (subjective financial well-being, new benefit claims, changes in household income) by analysing data from four longitudinal population studies, gathered during the first year of the pandemic. We employed modified Poisson regression in a pooled analysis of the four cohorts adjusting for a range of potential confounders, including pre-pandemic (pre-long COVID) factors.ResultsAmong 20,112 observations across four population surveys, 13% reported having COVID-19 with symptoms that impeded their ability to function normally - 10.7% had such symptoms for <4 weeks (acute COVID-19), 1.2% had such symptoms for 4-12 weeks (ongoing symptomatic COVID-19) and 0.6% had such symptoms for >12 weeks (post-COVID-19 syndrome). We found that post-COVID-19 syndrome was associated with worse subjective financial well-being (adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRR)=1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.25, 1.96) and new benefit claims (aRRR=1.79, CI=1.27, 2.53). Associations were broadly similar across sexes and education levels. These results were not meaningfully altered when scaled to represent the population by age.ConclusionsLong COVID was associated with financial disruption in the UK. If our findings reflect causal effects, extending employment protection and financial support to people with long COVID may be warranted.
Barriers and Perceived Facilitators for PrEP Use Among Women of Color in South Florida: Findings from theEmpowering Women to Take Control of Their Sexual Health Summit
Authors: Cyrus Elena , Villalba Karina , Jean-Gilles Michele , Rosenberg Rhonda , Ichite Amanda , Ullah Evelyn , Lovera Evelyn , Lester Aryah , Neptune Sandra , Wilson Hannah , Exantus Maude , Lerner Brenda , Cook Robert , Dévieux Jessy G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to summarize conference proceedings and testimonies from the “Empowering Women to Take Control of Their Sexual Health Summit” convened in South Florida. In the present study, the phrase “women of color” refers to 279 cisgender and transgender African American, Latina, and Haitian women. Data were collected through three 90-minute group discussions conducted at the conference Individual-, social-, and structural-level PrEP barriers and facilitators were identified. Individual level barriers included: medical distrust, limited knowledge about PrEP, and economic dependence on sexual partners. Participants discussed cultural gender norms and roles as overarching social barriers, with religiosity reinforcing these norms. Structural barriers included: health literacy, health insurance coverage, immigration status, and structural racism. Community attributes that acted as facilitators of PrEP use were resilience and adaptability. Increasing PrEP utilization among women of color requires a multi-tiered approach to comprehensively address structural and community level barriers.
Recovery from Amblyopia in Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Echavarri-Leet Madison P. , Resnick Hannah H. , Bowen Daniel A. , Goss Deborah , Bear Mark F. , Gaier Eric D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe effectiveness of traditional amblyopia therapies is largely restricted to childhood. However, recovery in adulthood is possible following removal or vision-limiting disease of the fellow eye. Study of this phenomenon is currently limited to isolated case reports and a few case series, with reported incidence ranging from 19-77%1–5. We set out to accomplish two distinct goals: (1) define the incidence of clinically meaningful recovery and (2) elucidate the clinical features associated with greater amblyopic eye gains.MethodsA systematic review of 3 literature databases yielded 23 reports containing 109 cases of patients ≥18 years old with unilateral amblyopia and vision-limiting fellow eye pathology.ResultsStudy 1 revealed 25/42 (59.5%) of adult patients gained ≥2 logMAR lines in the amblyopia eye after FE vision loss. The overall degree of improvement is clinically meaningful (median 2.6 logMAR lines). Study 2 showed that for cases with amblyopic eye visual acuity improvement, recovery occurs within 12 months of initial loss of fellow eye vision. Regression analysis revealed that younger age, worse baseline acuity in the amblyopic eye, and worse vision in the fellow eye independently conferred greater gains in amblyopic eye visual acuity. Recovery occurs across amblyopia types and fellow eye pathologies, although disease entities affecting fellow eye retinal ganglion cells demonstrate shorter latencies to recovery.ConclusionsAmblyopia recovery after fellow eye injury demonstrates that the adult brain harbors the neuroplastic capacity for clinically meaningful recovery, which could potentially be harnessed by novel approaches to treat adults with amblyopia.
Risk of perinatal deaths for fetuses and early newborns with congenital heart defects
Authors: Zhou Xu , Jiang Yurong , Fang Junqun , Xie Donghua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew studies assessed the perinatal death (PD) risk for congenital heart defects (CHDs).MethodsData were obtained from the Birth Defects Surveillance System in Hunan Province, China, 2016–2020. Perinatal mortality (stillbirths and early neonatal deaths per 1000 fetuses (>=28 weeks)) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and 95%CI were calculated to estimate the PD risk for CHDs and to examine the association of each maternal characteristic with PD risk for CHDs.Results847755 fetuses were registered, including 14459 (1.71%) birth defects (4161 CHDs, 0.49%) and 833296 (98.29%) cases without birth defects. 7445 PDs (6874 stillbirths and 571 early neonatal deaths) were identified, including 976 (13.11%) CHD-related deaths, and 4396 PDs for fetuses without birth defects. 97.50% (936/960) of CHD-related stillbirths were selective termination of pregnancy. The overall perinatal mortality was 0.88% (95%CI: 0.86-0.90). CHDs increased the PD risk (23.46% vs. 0.53%, OR=57.78, 95%CI: 53.47-62.44). Any specific CHD increased the PD risk (OR>1, P<0.05). Perinatal mortality for CHDs was higher in rural than urban areas (OR= 3.40, 95%CI: 2.92-3.95). And perinatal mortalities for CHDs were higher in low maternal age (<25 years old), low per-capita annual income (<4000¥), low maternal education, no birth, and premature birth compared to the reference group. (OR>1, P<0.05).ConclusionsCHDs significantly increase the PD risk. Several maternal characteristics were associated with CHD-related PDs. And several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these phenomena. Our results are of immediate value for clinical care and consultation.
Individual Deviations from Normative Electroencephalographic Connectivity Predict Antidepressant Response
Authors: Tong Xiaoyu , Xie Hua , Wu Wei , Keller Corey , Fonzo Gregory , Chidharom Matthieu , Carlisle Nancy , Etkin Amit , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAntidepressant medications yield unsatisfactory treatment outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with modest advantages over the placebo. This modest efficacy is partly due to the elusive mechanisms of antidepressant responses and unexplained heterogeneity in patient’s response to treatment — the approved antidepressants only benefit a portion of patients, calling for personalized psychiatry based on individual-level prediction of treatment responses. Normative modeling, a framework that quantifies individual deviations in psychopathological dimensions, offers a promising avenue for the personalized treatment for psychiatric disorders. In this study, we built a normative model with resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) connectivity data from healthy controls of three independent cohorts. We characterized the individual deviation of MDD patients from the healthy norms, based on which we trained sparse predictive models for treatment responses of MDD patients. We successfully predicted treatment outcomes for patients receiving sertraline (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) and placebo (r = 0.33, p < 0.001). We also showed that the normative modeling framework successfully distinguished subclinical and diagnostic variabilities among subjects. From the predictive models, we identified key connectivity signatures in resting-state EEG for antidepressant treatment, suggesting differences in neural circuit involvement between treatment responses. Our findings and highly generalizable framework advance the neurobiological understanding in the potential pathways of antidepressant responses, enabling more targeted and effective MDD treatment.Trial Registration:Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care for Depression (EMBARC), NCT#01407094
DNA repair biomarkers to guide usage of combined PARP inhibitors and chemotherapy: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Phan Zoe , Ford Caroline E. , Caldon C. Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTPurposeThe addition of PARP inhibitors to chemotherapy has been assessed in ∼80 clinical trials across multiple malignancies, on the premise that PARP inhibitors will increase chemotherapy effectiveness regardless of whether cancers have underlying disruption of DNA repair pathways. Consequently, the majority of combination therapy trials have been performed on patients without biomarker selection, despite the use of homologous recombination deficiency to dictate use of PARP inhibitors in the maintenance setting. An unresolved question is whether biomarkers are needed to identify patients who respond to combination PARP inhibitors and chemotherapy.MethodsA systematic literature review identified studies using PARP inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone, where the study included a biomarker of DNA repair function (BRCA1,BRCA2, BRCAPRO, ATM, ERCC1, SFLN11). Hazard ratios (HR) were pooled in a meta-analysis using generic inverse-variance and fixed or random effects modelling. Subgroup analyses were conducted on biomarker selection and type of malignancy.ResultsNine studies comprising 2,084 patients met the inclusion criteria. Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly better in patients with a DNA repair biomarker (HR 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-0.63; p < 0.00001), but there was no benefit in patients who lacked a biomarker (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.82–1.08; p = 0.38). Subgroup analysis showed thatBRCAmutation and SFLN11 biomarkers could predict benefit, and biomarker-driven benefit occurred in ovarian, breast and small cell lung cancers. The addition of PARP inhibitors was associated with increased grade 3/4 side effects, and particularly neutropenia.ConclusionsCombination therapy only increases PFS in patients with identifiable DNA repair biomarkers. This indicates that PARP inhibitors do not sensitise patients to chemotherapy treatment, except where their cancer has a homologous recombination defect, or an alternative biomarker of altered DNA repair. While effective in patients with DNA repair biomarkers, there is a risk of high-grade haematological side-effects with the use of combination therapy. Thus, the benefit in PFS from combination therapy must be weighed against potential adverse effects, as individual arms of treatment can also confer benefit.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Retrospective Observational Study on an AI-Powered Symptom Checker for Pre-Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Orelogio Abel Andrés , Garcia-Esquirol Oscar , Rodriguez María Eugenia , Malet Gausa Andrea , Sarrias Ramis Ernest 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo describe the data obtained about diagnoses of anxiety disorders from the Mediktor database to reveal the relationship with the current scientific evidence.MethodsThis retrospective observational study uses secondary data obtained from the Mediktor database and evaluated age, sex, and the most frequent reason for consultation. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the variables of the sample and their association with pre-diagnosis anxiety disorders. A significance level of p < 0.05 was set for all statistical tests, and all analyses were conducted using Power BI and Google Sheets.ResultsYoung adults (18-35 years old) were more likely to be pre-diagnosed with anxiety disorders compared to individuals in other life stages and the proportion of anxiety disorders was found to be higher in females compared to males, both with a statistically significant p-value of less than 0.01.ConclusionsThe data observed in Mediktor relates to current scientific evidence and it has the potential as a technological tool for early detection of anxiety disorders.
Effects of visual arts on persistent pain: A systematic review
Authors: Matthew Lee Wen Hao , Gholamrezaei Ali , Pourkazemi Fereshteh 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundPersistent pain impacts 30% of people worldwide. Evidence on the effectiveness of visual arts in treating persistent pain seems to be emerging. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of visual arts on patients with persistent pain.MethodsStudies were identified by searching seven databases from perception until Jan-2019, then screened by two independent reviewers. Studies were included if they were published controlled trials investigating the impact of visual arts on participants with persistent pain. Studies were excluded if they were abstracts, sampled participants who could not express pain, did not report relevant outcome measures, or did not have a comparator group. The study qualities were assessed by the PEDro scale.ResultsAfter removing duplicates, 2,732 titles and abstracts were screened. Of 125 full-texts, four satisfied the eligibility criteria; all published within the last decade. Three of four controlled studies were randomised-controlled trials. Studies were conducted in inpatient settings (n=2) and outpatient clinics (n=2). Three studies included elderly participants (>60y/o), while one included patients with HIV (>18y/o). Visual arts interventions included painting, drawing, crafting, and others. Two studies utilised visual arts as the sole treatment, while two studies used visual arts as part of a multimodal treatment. Comparators received usual care in two studies, a music intervention in one, and an art-therapy video in another. The common outcome measure in all studies was pain level (0-to-10 scale). All studies also included psychosocial outcome measures. Quality of studies ranged from grade four to eight on PEDro scale; two had “high” quality, and two had “fair” quality. All studies reported statistically significant improvements in pain within intervention groups.ConclusionsVisual arts seem to benefit patients with persistent pain. Further investigation on the clinical significance of these positive findings on pain and other biopsychosocial factors are required.
Spatiotemporal variability in transmission risk of human schistosomes and animal trematodes in a seasonally desiccating East African landscape
Authors: Starkloff Naima C. , Angelo Teckla , Mahalila Moses P. , Charles Jenitha , Kinung’hi Safari , Civitello David J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDifferent populations of hosts and parasites experience distinct seasonality in environmental factors, depending on local-scale biotic and abiotic factors. This can lead to highly heterogenous disease outcomes across host ranges. Variable seasonality characterizes urogenital schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic trematodes (Schistosoma haematobium). Their intermediate hosts are aquaticBulinussnails that are highly adapted to extreme rainfall seasonality, undergoing dormancy for up to seven months yearly. WhileBulinussnails have a remarkable capacity for rebounding following dormancy, parasite survival within snails is greatly diminished. We conducted a year-round investigation of seasonal snail-schistosome dynamics in 109 ponds of variable ephemerality in Tanzania. First, we found that ponds have two synchronized peaks of schistosome infection prevalence and cercariae release, though of lower magnitude in the fully desiccating ponds than non-desiccating ponds. Second, we evaluated total yearly prevalence across a gradient of an ephemerality, finding ponds with intermediate ephemerality to have the highest infection rates. We also investigated dynamics of non-schistosome trematodes, which lacked synonymity with schistosome patterns. We found peak schistosome transmission risk at intermediate pond ephemerality, thus the impacts of anticipated increases in landscape desiccation could result in increases or decreases in transmission risk with global change.