bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The vernacularization of Paduan medicine and philosophy in the seventeenth century: Troilo Lancetta's Raccolta medica, et astrologica
Authors: Martin Craig 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 1645 Troilo Lancetta saw to the publication of a compilation of texts, Raccolta medica, et astrologica, under the anagrammatic and implausible pseudonym Lootri Nacattel. Most of these texts were translations into the Italian vernacular. They include writings by Girolamo Cardano; Hippocrates; Aristotle, and his commentators; Girolamo Fracastoro; Lancetta’s teacher, the philosopher Cesare Cremonini; and a handful of ancient Greek and Latin historians, in addition to excerpts from Lancetta’s medical writings. The presentation of the selected texts advances a set of polemics against the practice of bloodletting as a cure for fevers and against astrology, especially its use in medicine. The collection employs a range of authorities both classical and recent to bring anti‐Galenic and anti‐astrological teachings, already present in the University of Padua, to a broader readership. This transfer reinforced Lancetta’s identity as an erudite expert in philosophy and in medicine, an identity that he cultivated in other publishing endeavors, which included Latin editions of Cremonini’s psychological and dialectical writings. Lancetta’s Raccolta reflects a sophisticated employment of medical humanism, which used Aristotelian and Hippocratic texts to undermine interpretations of Galen and promoted Cremonini’s teachings about Meteorology as part of arguments about the subalternation of medicine to philosophy, the vanity of astrology, and the denial of the predictive power of prodigious meteorological phenomena.
(En‐)‘lightening’ children: Assessing the impacts of access to electricity on learning achievement levels
Authors: Chatterjee Somdeep , Hastawala Shiv , Kamal Jai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe welfare impacts of electrification are well documented in the literature, including the effects of electricity on school enrolment. However, the spillover effects of electrification on children's achievement levels are scarce. We use three complementary but distinct econometric models to establish a causal relationship between electrification and test scores using nationally representative household panel data from India. We find positive results irrespective of the choice of econometric model, and these results seem to be mediated by changing time‐use patterns of children with access to electricity. We first exploit the plausibly exogenous variation in access to electricity due to a universal electrification program in the state of West Bengal in India and we find positive effects of electrification on children's test scores. By age group, we find that younger cohorts benefit more in terms of their reading scores than older cohorts. Then, to ascertain external validity of these results, we replicate them over a nationally representative sample using fixed effects and instrumental variables estimation and find similar results. At the intensive margin, we find that access to more hours of electricity positively affects test scores. We identify an increase in time spent by children on study‐related activities as the potential channel for these results.
Do natural resources and foreign direct investment tend to erode or support the development of national institutions?
Authors: Chiyaba Grivas , Singleton Carl 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the relationships between natural resources, foreign direct investment (FDI) and the quality of national institutions, also known as “the rules of the game”. Using a data set of 69 developing countries over the period 1970–2015 to estimate a dynamic panel data model, we find negative and significant effects of natural resources use or extraction on the development of national institutions. We focus on legal and property rights, but these findings also apply to the quality of some other national institutions. Our results align with a theory that abundant natural resources lead to weakened institutions because of the potential for firms to secure monopoly rents. Furthermore, we find that the effects of FDI inflows on institutional development are not robust to controlling for natural resources rents. This suggests that the latter tend to erode institutions regardless of whether those resources are exploited alongside increased foreign investment into the local economy.
Retrospective evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis in dogs (2003–2014): 86 cases
Authors: Fosset Fabrice T. J. , Lucas Benjamin E. G. , Wolsic Cassandra L. , Billhymer Audrey C. , Lavergne Sidonie N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize anaphylactic reactions in dogs, including clinical signs, severity, treatments, prognosis, and estimated incidence. To determine whether glucocorticoids influence clinical recovery and survival.DesignRetrospective study between January 1, 2003 and April 28, 2014.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsEighty‐six dogs treated for a type I hypersensitivity reaction. Nineteen dogs fulfilled the criteria for anaphylaxis, and 67 dogs had mild cutaneous reactions.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe estimated incidence was 0.04% for anaphylaxis and 0.15% for mild hypersensitivity reactions. The female:male ratio (2.3:1) was significantly higher (P = 0.032) compared to our source population (ratio of 1:1.158). Vaccines were the most frequent trigger for anaphylaxis (57.9%) and mild hypersensitivity reactions (28.4%). Seventy‐four (86%) dogs had cutaneous signs, and 11 (57.9%) dogs with anaphylaxis had no cutaneous signs reported. Forty‐two (48.8%) dogs received both an H1 antagonist and a glucocorticoid, 34 (39.5%) dogs received an H1 antagonist only, and 6 (6.9%) dogs received a glucocorticoid only. The majority of the dogs survived, and 1 was euthanized due to complications. Clinical signs associated with nonsurvival included respiratory signs (P = 0.006), particularly respiratory distress (P < 0.00001) and cyanosis (P < 0.00001), and circulatory shock (P = 0.005). The analysis of the interaction between etiology, clinical signs, treatment, and outcome did not show any association between pairs of variables.ConclusionsIn the current study, anaphylaxis had a relatively good prognosis, and cutaneous signs were not always present. Based on the present data, the use of glucocorticoids to treat mild type I hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis in dogs was not associated with clinical improvement or survival.
Minimizing properties of networks via global and local calibrations
Authors: Pluda Alessandra , Pozzetta Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this note, we prove that minimal networks enjoy minimizing properties for the length functional. A minimal network is, roughly speaking, a subset of composed of straight segments joining at triple junctions forming angles equal to ; in particular such objects are just critical points of the length functional a priori. We show that a minimal network : (i) minimizes mass among currents with coefficients in an explicit group (independent of ) having the same boundary of , (ii) identifies the interfaces of a partition of a neighborhood of solving the minimal partition problem among partitions with same boundary traces. Consequences and sharpness of such results are discussed. The proofs reduce to rather simple and direct arguments based on the exhibition of (global or local) calibrations associated to the minimal network.
A dichotomy phenomenon for bad minus normed Dirichlet
Authors: Kleinbock Dmitry , Rao Anurag 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGiven a norm ν on , the set of ν‐Dirichlet improvable numbers was defined and studied in the papers (Andersen and Duke, Acta Arith. 198 (2021) 37–75 and Kleinbock and Rao, Internat. Math. Res. Notices 2022 (2022) 5617–5657). When ν is the supremum norm, , where is the set of badly approximable numbers. Each of the sets , like , is of measure zero and satisfies the winning property of Schmidt. Hence for every norm ν, is winning and thus has full Hausdorff dimension. In this article, we prove the following dichotomy phenomenon: either or else has full Hausdorff dimension. We give several examples for each of the two cases. The dichotomy is based on whether the critical locus of ν intersects a precompact ‐orbit, where is the one‐parameter diagonal subgroup of acting on the space X of unimodular lattices in . Thus, the aforementioned dichotomy follows from the following dynamical statement: for a lattice , either is unbounded (and then any precompact ‐orbit must eventually avoid a neighborhood of Λ), or not, in which case the set of lattices in X whose ‐trajectories are precompact and contain Λ in their closure has full Hausdorff dimension.
Restoring connexin‐36 function in diabetogenic environments precludes mouse and human islet dysfunction
Authors: St. Clair Joshua R. , Westacott Matthew J. , Miranda Jose , Farnsworth Nikki L. , Kravets Vira , Schleicher Wolfgang E. , Dwulet JaeAnn M. , Levitt Claire H. , Heintz Audrey , Ludin Nurin W.F. , Benninger Richard K.P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe secretion of insulin from β‐cells in the islet of Langerhans is governed by a series of metabolic and electrical events, which can fail during the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). β‐cells are electrically coupled via connexin‐36 (Cx36) gap junction channels, which coordinates the pulsatile dynamics of [Ca2+] and insulin release across the islet. Factors such as pro‐inflammatory cytokines and free fatty acids disrupt gap junction coupling under in vitro conditions. Here we test whether gap junction coupling and coordinated [Ca2+] dynamics are disrupted in T2D, and whether recovery of gap junction coupling can recover islet function. We examine islets from donors with T2D, from db/db mice, and islets treated with pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IFN‐ɣ) or free fatty acids (palmitate). We modulate gap junction coupling using Cx36 over‐expression or pharmacological activation via modafinil. We also develop a peptide mimetic (S293) of the c‐terminal regulatory site of Cx36 designed to compete against its phosphorylation. Cx36 gap junction permeability and [Ca2+] dynamics were disrupted in islets from both human donors with T2D and db/db mice, and in islets treated with pro‐inflammatory cytokines or palmitate. Cx36 over‐expression, modafinil treatment and S293 peptide all enhanced Cx36 gap junction coupling and protected against declines in coordinated [Ca2+] dynamics. Cx36 over‐expression and S293 peptide also reduced apoptosis induced by pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Critically, S293 peptide rescued gap junction coupling and [Ca2+] dynamics in islets from both db/db mice and a sub‐set of T2D donors. Thus, recovering or enhancing Cx36 gap junction coupling can improve islet function in diabetes.
imageKey points
Connexin‐36 (Cx36) gap junction permeability and associated coordination of [Ca2+] dynamics is diminished in human type 2 diabetes (T2D) and mouse models of T2D.
Enhancing Cx36 gap junction permeability protects against disruptions to the coordination of [Ca2+] dynamics.
A novel peptide mimetic of the Cx36 c‐terminal regulatory region protects against declines in Cx36 gap junction permeability.
Pharmacological elevation in Cx36 or Cx36 peptide mimetic recovers [Ca2+] dynamics and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in human T2D and mouse models of T2D.
Numerical Investigation of Reversed Flow Solar Air Heater Roughened With Circular- and Triangular-Shaped Tubes
Authors: Lal Sharma Sohan , Debbarma Ajoy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The roughness geometry has been introduced to improve the rate of heat transfer in a solar air heater duct. In the current work, circular and triangular shape geometries are used as roughness elements in the rectangular channel to enhance the thermal performance of reversed flow solar air heater (RFSAH). The important parameters selected for the research are Reynolds number (Re = 5000–18,000 (5 values)), pitch ratio (P/e = 4–12 (5 values)), and height ratio (e/D = 0.0392–0.1571 (4 values)). A 2D-computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed using ansys (fluent 2022r1), and simulation was performed using the k−ε (RNG) turbulence model and validated with one set of experimental results for smooth duct and previous research. The findings revealed that the highest value of heat transfer was augmented about 2.18 times and 2.35 times for circular and triangular roughness geometry, respectively, as compared to the smooth channel at a Reynolds number of 12,000. The thermohydraulic performance factor (TPF) is 1.58 and 1.7 at pitch ratios of 6 and 5 for circular and triangular roughness geometry respectively, at Re of 12,000.
The Growth Engine Concept and Its Potential for an Electrified Aviation Future
Authors: Kavvalos Mavroudis D. , Kyprianidis Konstantinos G. , Padulo Mattia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The emerging need for cost- and energy-efficient propulsion systems have shifted the research interest to radical concepts, with several challenges to overcome in order to enter into service. However, revitalizing old yet provably successful engine designs—a practice followed by engine manufacturers over the years—can provide low-risk alternative solutions to move immediate market demands. The paper reviews this approach, known as concept of growth engines or core commonality, and investigates how a geometrically fixed or geometrically similar engine core can be utilized across a family of engines. The development programs of the highly successful CFM56 and PT6 engine families are analyzed, proving the success of this concept over the years. The idea is based on the engineering paradigm of product families and is briefly presented from a theoretical perspective. Implementation methods and simulation tools to initiate, conceptualize, design, and evaluate an engine family program are reviewed. The potential application of engine core commonality into electrified propulsion systems is investigated. Design challenges and opportunities that electrification imposes to the growth engine concept are discussed. Finally, the concept of growth electrified propulsion systems is introduced, conveying future research directions to achieve a successful family of engines for electrified applications.
A low-background, fluorescent assay to evaluate inhibitors of diverse viral proteases
Authors: Leonard Rebecca A. , Rao Vishwas N. , Bartlett Alexandria , Froggatt Heather M. , Luftig Micah A. , Heaton Brook E. , Heaton Nicholas S. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Multiple coronaviruses (CoVs) can cause respiratory diseases in humans. While prophylactic vaccines designed to prevent infection are available for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), incomplete vaccine efficacy, vaccine hesitancy, and the threat of other pathogenic CoVs for which vaccines do not exist have highlighted the need for effective antiviral therapies. While antiviral compounds targeting the viral polymerase and protease are already in clinical use, their sensitivity to potential resistance mutations as well as their breadth against the full range of human and preemergent CoVs remain incompletely defined. To begin to fill that gap in knowledge, we report here the development of an improved, noninfectious, cell-based fluorescent assay with high sensitivity and low background that reports on the activity of viral proteases, which are key drug targets. We demonstrate that the assay is compatible with not only the SARS-CoV-2 M
pro
protein but also orthologues from a range of human and nonhuman CoVs as well as clinically reported SARS-CoV-2 drug-resistant M
pro
variants. We then use this assay to define the breadth of activity of two clinically used protease inhibitors, nirmatrelvir and ensitrelvir. Continued use of this assay will help define the strengths and limitations of current therapies and may also facilitate the development of next-generation protease inhibitors that are broadly active against both currently circulating and preemergent CoVs.

IMPORTANCE
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are important human pathogens with the ability to cause global pandemics. Working in concert with vaccines, antivirals specifically limit viral disease in people who are actively infected. Antiviral compounds that target CoV proteases are already in clinical use; their efficacy against variant proteases and preemergent zoonotic CoVs, however, remains incompletely defined. Here, we report an improved, noninfectious, and highly sensitive fluorescent method of defining the sensitivity of CoV proteases to small molecule inhibitors. We use this approach to assay the activity of current antiviral therapies against clinically reported SARS-CoV-2 protease mutants and a panel of highly diverse CoV proteases. Additionally, we show this system is adaptable to other structurally nonrelated viral proteases. In the future, this assay can be used to not only better define the strengths and limitations of current therapies but also help develop new, broadly acting inhibitors that more broadly target viral families.
A single dominant locus restricts retrovirus replication in YBR/Ei mice
Authors: Beilinson Helen A. , Sevilleja Amanda , Spring Jessica , Benavides Fernando , Beilinson Vera , Neokosmidis Nickolas , Golovkina Tatyana 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Differential responses to viral infections are influenced by the genetic makeup of the host. Studies of resistance to retroviruses in human populations are complicated due to the inability to conduct proof-of-principle studies. Inbred mouse lines, which have a range of susceptible phenotypes to retroviruses, are an ideal tool to identify and characterize mechanisms of resistance and define their genetic underpinnings. YBR/Ei mice become infected with Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus, a mucosally transmitted murine retrovirus, but eliminate the virus from their pedigrees. Virus elimination correlates with a lack of virus-specific neonatal oral tolerance, which is a major mechanism for blocking the anti-virus response in susceptible mice. Virus control is unrelated to virus-neutralizing antibodies, cytotoxic CD8
+
T cells, NK cells, and NK T cells, which are the best characterized mechanisms of resistance to retroviruses. We identified a single, dominant locus that controls the resistance mechanism, which we provisionally named attenuation of virus titers (
Avt
) and mapped to the distal region of chromosome 18.

IMPORTANCE
Elucidation of the mechanism that mediates resistance to retroviruses is of fundamental importance to human health, as it will ultimately lead to knowledge of the genetic differences among individuals in susceptibility to microbial infections.
Draft genome sequence of a docosahexaenoic-acid-producing marine protist, thraustochytrid strain 12B
Authors: Sahara Takehiko , Adachi Takumi , Nagamine Tadashi , Fukano Toru , Morita Naoki 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We sequenced the draft genome of thraustochytrid strain 12B. This strain shows a high production of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid. The draft genome sequence of approximately 65 Mbp will provide insights into metabolic engineering to improve the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the microorganism.
Effects of Single Noninvasive Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients with Post-Stroke Motor Disorders
Authors: Skvortsov D. V. , Bogacheva I. N. , Shcherbakova N. A. , Grishin A. A. , Kaurkin S. N. , Moshonkina T. R. , Gerasimenko Yu. P. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Post-stroke gait disorders are often characterized by abnormal kinematic and kinetic patterns, deviations in spatiotemporal features, altered muscle activation, and increased power requirements while walking. The investigation is aimed at determining the possibility of using transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) to influence the kinematics of walking in stroke patients with hemiparesis in the early and late recovery periods (1–12 months) after stroke. Continuous and phasic stimulation was used during motor training on a treadmill. For stimulation of spinal neuroprosthesis including a multichannel stimulator for TSCS (Cosyma, Russia) with sensors for determining the phases of walking was used. The biomechanical study of the walking function was carried out with the Steadys system (Neurosoft, Russia). The study involved 15 patients (ages from 33 to 79 years). We analyzed the parameters of stepping movements when walking on the floor without stimulation before and after training on a treadmill using TSCS. A comparative analysis of the kinematics of walking before and after training showed an increase in walking speed, the length of the step cycle, and an increase in the range of movements in the hip, knee, and ankle joints, in 40% patients the height of the paretic foot lift increased by 1–2 cm. The results show that the training with the use of TSCS can be considered as a rehabilitation method for correcting walking after a stroke.
Continuous interstitial glucose monitoring for term newborns: analysis of the first day of life
Authors: Azevedo Nathália , Liberatore Junior Raphael Del Roio , Camelo Junior José Simon , Aragon Davi Casale , Martinelli Junior Carlos Eduardo 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveGlycaemia in newborns changes significantly after birth; however, little is known about these changes. The objective was to describe continuous interstitial glucose values in term newborns who were exclusively breast fed on the first day of life.DesignWe studied 159 newborns with appropriate weights for gestational age, who were exclusively breast fed on the first day of life, using a continuous glucose monitoring device that calculates interstitial glucose every 5 min. The device was removed after 24 hours, and the results were analysed using the R program, which provides the minimum, maximum, median and a standard curve with centiles.ResultsAt the second hour of life, the moment in which the sensor started to identify the newborn’s glycaemia, interstitial glucose levels were 2.59–4.43 mmol/L (46.7–79.9 mg/dL). The median interstitial glucose level of the newborns during the first day of life was 3.33±0.48 mmol/L (60±8.6 mg/dL). Interstitial glucose levels dropped until the sixth hour of life, reaching 2.19–3.95 mmol/L (39.5–71.1 mg/dL), and then increased again. The maximum values were found at the 20th and 21st hours of life, which were 2.81–4.64 mmol/L (50.6–83.6 mg/dL).ConclusionThe interstitial glucose during the first 24 hours of life declined until the sixth hour of life, then increased around the 20th hour and remained stable until the end of the first day of life.