bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and trends of in-hospital mortality due to non-communicable diseases and injuries in Tanzania, 2006–2015
Authors: Mboera Leonard E. G. , Kishamawe Coleman , Rumisha Susan F. , Chiduo Mercy G. , Kimario Evord , Bwana Veneranda M. 
Published: July 2023

Background
Globally, non-communicable diseases (NCD) kill about 40 million people annually, with about three-quarters of the deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. This study was carried out to determine the patterns, trends, and causes of in-hospital non-communicable disease (NCD) and injury deaths in Tanzania from 2006–2015.

Methods
This retrospective study involved primary, secondary, tertiary, and specialized hospitals. Death statistics were extracted from inpatient department registers, death registers, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) report forms. The ICD-10 coding system was used to assign each death to its underlying cause. The analysis determined leading causes by age, sex, annual trend and calculate hospital-based mortality rates.

Results
Thirty-nine hospitals were involved in this study. A total of 247,976 deaths (all causes) were reported during the 10-year period. Of the total deaths, 67,711 (27.3%) were due to NCD and injuries. The most (53.4%) affected age group was 15–59 years. Cardio-circulatory diseases (31.9%), cancers (18.6%), chronic respiratory diseases (18.4%), and injuries (17.9%) accounted for the largest proportion (86.8%) of NCD and injuries deaths. The overall 10-year hospital-based age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for all NCDs and injuries was 559.9 per 100,000 population. It was higher for males (638.8/100,000) than for females (444.6/100,000). The hospital-based annual ASMR significantly increased from 11.0 in 2006 to 62.8 per 100,000 populations in 2015.

Conclusions
There was a substantial increase in hospital-based ASMR due to NCDs and injuries in Tanzania from 2006 to 2015. Most of the deaths affected the productive young adult group. This burden indicates that families, communities, and the nation at large suffer from premature deaths. The government of Tanzania should invest in early detection and timely management of NCDs and injuries to reduce premature deaths. This should go hand-in-hand with continuous efforts to improve the quality of health data and its utilization.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes among women in Norway with gestational diabetes using three diagnostic criteria
Authors: Rai Anam Shakil , Sletner Line , Jenum Anne Karen , Øverby Nina Cecilie , Stafne Signe Nilssen , Qvigstad Elisabeth , Pripp Are Hugo , Sagedal Linda Reme 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to examine the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in women diagnosed with GDM by the World Health Organization (WHO) 1999 criteria, and in those retrospectively identified by the Norwegian-2017 and WHO-2013 criteria but not by WHO-1999 criteria. We also examine the effect of maternal overweight/obesity and ethnicity.Material and methodsWe used pooled data from four Norwegian cohorts (2002–2013), encompassing 2970 mother-child pairs. Results from universally offered 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests measuring fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour glucose (2HG) were used to assign women into three diagnostic groups: Diagnosed and treated by WHO-1999 (FPG≥7.0 or (2HG ≥7.8 mmol/L), identified by WHO-2013 (FPG ≥5.1 or 2HG ≥8.5 mmol/L), and identified by Norwegian-2017 criteria (FPG ≥5.3 or 2HG ≥9.0 mmol/L). Perinatal outcomes included large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants, cesarean section, operative vaginal delivery, preterm birth and preeclampsia.ResultsCompared to the non-GDM group, women diagnosed with GDM by either of the three criteria had an increased risk of large-for-gestational-age infants (adjusted odds ratios (OR) 1.7–2.2). Those identified by the WHO-2013 and Norwegian-2017 criteria but not diagnosed and treated by WHO-1999 criteria had an additional increased risk of cesarean section (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.02,1.83 and 1.44, 95% CI 1.03,2.02, respectively) and operative vaginal delivery (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.1,1.7 and 1.5, 95% CI 1.1,2.0, respectively). The proportions of LGA neonates and cesarean section were higher for women with GDM in both normal-weight and overweight/obese women. Asians had a lower risk of delivering large-for-gestational-age infants than Europeans applying national birthweight references, but maternal glucose values were similarly positively associated with birthweight in all ethnic groups.ConclusionsWomen who met the WHO-2013 and Norwegian-2017 criteria, but were not diagnosed by the WHO-1999 criteria and therefore not treated, had an increased risk of LGA, cesarean section and operative vaginal delivery compared to women without GDM.
Loneliness and its associated factors among university students during late stage of COVID-19 pandemic: An online cross-sectional study
Authors: Simegn Wudneh , Sisay Gashaw , Seid Abdulwase Mohammed , Dagne Henok 
Published: July 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a number of psychosocial and emotional catastrophes, including loneliness. The associated lockdowns, reduced social support, and insufficiently perceived interactions are expected to heighten the level of loneliness during the pandemic. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the level of loneliness and what correlates with loneliness among university students in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia.

Objectives
The general objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of loneliness among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was undertaken. An online data collection tool was distributed to voluntary undergraduate university students. The sampling technique used was snowball sampling. Students were requested to pass the online data collection tool to at least one of their friends to ease data collection. SPSS version 26.0 was used for data analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to report the results. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with loneliness. A P-value less than 0.2 was used to screen variables for the multivariable analysis, and a P-value less than 0.05 was used to declare significance in the final multivariable logistic regression.

Result
A total of 426 study participants responded. Out of the total, 62.9% were males, and 37.1% attended fields related to health. Over three-fourths (76.5%) of the study participants encountered loneliness. Females (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 3.04), non-health-related departments (AOR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.35), ever encountering sexual harassment (AOR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.46, 7.53), sleeping problems (AOR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.06, 4.30), perceived stress (AOR: 6.40; 95% CI: 1.85, 22.19) and poor social support (AOR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.10, 8.87) were significantly associated with loneliness.

Conclusion and recommendation
A significant proportion of students were victims of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being female, working in non-health-related fields, having sleeping problems, encountering sexual harassment, perceived stress, and poor social support were significantly associated with loneliness. Interventions to reduce loneliness should focus on related psychosocial support to reduce stress, sleeping disturbances, and poor social support. A special focus should also be given to female students.
The impact of electronic health record discontinuity on prediction modeling
Authors: Kar Shreyas , Bessette Lily G. , Wyss Richard , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Lin Kueiyu Joshua 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundTo determine the impact of electronic health record (EHR)-discontinuity on the performance of prediction models.MethodsThe study population consisted of patients with a history of cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities identified using US Medicare claims data from 2007 to 2017, linked to EHR from two networks (used as model training and validation set, respectively). We built models predicting one-year risk of mortality, major CV events, and major bleeding events, stratified by high vs. low algorithm-predicted EHR-continuity. The best-performing models for each outcome were chosen among 5 commonly used machine-learning models. We compared model performance by Area under the ROC curve (AUROC) and Area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC).ResultsBased on 180,950 in the training and 103,061 in the validation set, we found EHR captured only 21.0–28.1% of all the non-fatal outcomes in the low EHR-continuity cohort but 55.4–66.1% of that in the high EHR-continuity cohort. In the validation set, the best-performing model developed among high EHR-continuity patients had consistently higher AUROC than that based on low-continuity patients: AUROC was 0.849 vs. 0.743 when predicting mortality; AUROC was 0.802 vs. 0.659 predicting the CV events; AUROC was 0.635 vs. 0.567 predicting major bleeding. We observed a similar pattern when using AUPRC as the outcome metric.ConclusionsAmong patients with CV comorbidities, when predicting mortality, major CV events, and bleeding outcomes, the prediction models developed in datasets with low EHR-continuity consistently had worse performance compared to models developed with high EHR-continuity.
¿Qué enseña el social media? Influencers y followers ante la educación informal en redes sociales.
Authors: Collado-Alonso Rocío , Picazo-Sánchez Laura , López-Pastor Ana-Teresa , García-Matilla Agustín 
Published: July 2023

Las potencialidades educativas de redes sociales como Instagram, YouTube o TikTok marcan las relaciones entre influencers (influyentes) y quienes les siguen (followers). Ambos tienen una visión específica sobre lo que se enseña y se aprende a través de la experiencia de uso, y esta percepción depende también del objetivo de las personas creadoras de contenido, su responsabilidad social o ética y su vocación de servicio público. El objetivo de este trabajo, enmarcado en una amplia investigación centrada en la ética en los social media, es comprobar la correspondencia entre las enseñanzas que quienes son influencers creen trasladar y el aprendizaje que sus followers afirman obtener, identificando, además, las posibles disfunciones de este intercambio comunicativo, el nivel de influencia que estos procesos de opinión tienen en estos públicos y la responsabilidad social y ética que reflejan en la difusión de sus contenidos, así como los conocimientos que ambos grupos tienen sobre educomunicación. Para ello, se realiza un estudio cualitativo basado en entrevistas en profundidad a 13 influencers y a 24 followers, procesadas mediante análisis temático con la herramienta Atlas.ti. Los resultados revelan diferencias entre influencers y creadores/as de contenido, su alcance y la responsabilidad ética de cada grupo. Asimismo, las personas seguidoras adolecen de actitud crítica suficiente, pero extraen buenos aprendizajes de la sociedad digital. La educomunicación se revela como necesidad para una interacción libre, segura y crítica con los social media.
Violence against adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Arisanti Nita , Dewi Putri Sartika , Kania Nia , Dhamayanti Meita 
Published: July 2023

Background Violence against children includes all forms of violence against people under 18 years old, whether perpetrated by parents or other caregivers, peers, romantic partners, or strangers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, strained parent-child relationships due to family financial pressure, physical or mental health problems, and lockdown conditions that kept families at home and in close proximity for long periods of time might have exacerbated any underlying tensions.
Objective To describe violence against adolescents in Bandung during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the form of psychological violence, physical violence, neglect, and sexual abuse.
Methods This descriptive study was held from October to December 2020. Subjects were adolescents aged 12-18 years attending junior and senior high school in Bandung. Subjects filled the International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) Child Abuse Screening Tool-for Children (ICAST-C) questionnaire (Indonesian version).
Results The most common forms of violence experienced by adolescents in Bandung during the COVID-19 pandemic were being ignored (psychological violence), startled aggressively (physical violence), and being made to feel unimportant (neglect). Sexual abuse was reported by a minority of subjects.
Conclusion The predominant type of violence against adolescents in Bandung during the COVID-19 pandemic was psychological violence, followed by physical violence and neglect.
Metropolen oder Mittelstädte?
Authors: Gatzweiler Hans-Peter 
Published: July 2023

Die Frage „Metropolen oder Mittelstädte?“ stellt sich in den 90er Jahren vor allem im Hinblick auf die räumliche Verteilung der in den alten Ländern zu erwartenden Bevölkerungszunahme von über 5 Mio. Menschen. Die Spielräume für eine rasche Integration dieser starken Zunahme sind in einer Reihe von Agglomerationen begrenzt, da das planerisch abgesicherte, erschlossene und marktverfügbare Baulandangebot nahezu ausgeschöpft ist und kurz- wie mittelfristig große Schwierigkeiten bestehen, neues Bauland im nötigen Umfang bereitzustellen.Diese (neue) Ausgangssituation in den alten Ländern verlangt nach einer konsequenten Dezentralisierungspolitik sowohl auf einer überregionalen Ebene (stadtregionale Außenentwicklung) als auch in den Stadtregionen selbst (stadtregionale Innenentwicklung). Zwangsläufig geraten damit mittelstädtische Regionen und Mittelstädte wieder stärker ins Blickfeld von Raumordnung und Städtebau.Mittelstädte – als „goldene Mitte“ zwischen Stadt und Land – kennzeichnet insbesondere die Kombination „Vorteile der Metropolen ohne ihre Nachteile“ plus „Vorteile des ländlichen Raumes ohne seine Nachteile“. Gelingt es, diese Konzeption zu verwirklichen, können sowohl der von den Metropolen ausgehende weitere flächenhafte Suburbanisierungsprozeß als auch eine weitere disperse Siedlungsentwicklung in verstädterten Räumen vermieden werden.Maßnahmen und Instrumente zur Umsetzung dieser Konzeption verlangen nach einer verstärkten, aktiven Rolle der Bundesraumordnung und Landesplanung und nach einer Bündelung aller Förderinstrumente, die geeignet sind, regionale und örtliche Standortbedingungen im Hinblick auf die räumliche und soziale Integration eines erheblichen künftigen Bevölkerungszuwachses zu verbessern und auszubauen.Die Umsetzung und Verwirklichung von Konzepten der dezentralen Konzentration trägt einer raumordnungs- und städtebaupolitischen Problemanalyse Rechnung, die den künftig zu erwartenden Bevölkerungszuwachs und dessen Integration nicht in erster Linie als Mengen-, sondern als (räumliches) Verteilungsproblem betrachtet.
An online diagnosis method for cancer lesions based on intelligent imaging analysis
Authors: Gu Guangliang , Shen Lijuan , Zhou Xisheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the popularization and application of artificial intelligence and medical image big data in the field of medical image, the universality of modes and the rapid development of deep learning have endowed multi-mode fusion technology with great development potential. Technologies of 5G and artificial intelligence have rapidly promoted the innovation of online hospitals. To assist doctors in the remote diagnosis of cancer lesions, this article proposes a cancer localization and recognition model based on magnetic resonance images. We combine a convolution neural network with Transformer to achieve local features and global context information, which can suppress the interference of noise and background regions in magnetic resonance imaging. We design a module combining convolutional neural networks and Transformer architecture, which interactively fuses the extracted features to increase the cancer localization accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. We extract tumor regions and perform feature fusion to further improve the interactive ability of features and achieve cancer recognition. Our model can achieve an accuracy of 88.65%, which means our model can locate cancer regions in MRI images and effectively identify them. Furthermore, our model can be embedded into the online hospital system by 5G technology to provide technical support for the construction of network hospitals.
Kraft cooking of birch wood chips: differences between the dissolved organic material in pore and bulk liquor
Authors: Kron Linus , Marion de Godoy Carolina , Hasani Merima , Theliander Hans 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The delignification of birch chips during kraft pulping was investigated, targeting both the impregnation and cooking steps. Wood chips were impregnated using white liquor, white liquor + NaCl, water or NaCl aqueous solution. Then, the chips were cooked in batch autoclaves applying the same constant composition cooking conditions for all samples. Pulp and two fractions of black liquor (bulk liquor and centrifuged liquor representing the liquor inside the wood chips and fibers) were collected after different pulping times and analyzed for lignin and carbohydrate content. The dissolved wood components were precipitated from selected samples and characterized with respect to composition, molecular weight distribution and structural motifs. Cooking chemicals in the impregnation liquors led to faster delignification and xylan removal during cooking. Higher contents of lignin and xylan were measured in the lumen than in the bulk. The concentration profiles also showed accumulation of dissolved material in the lumen over time, suggesting significant mass transport limitation from lumen to bulk. Further analysis revealed higher fragmentation/degradation of dissolved material with increasing pulping time and in the bulk when compared to the lumen liquor, as demonstrated by the lower molecular weights and the changes in chemical shifts in the NMR spectra.
Effect of cellulose micro/nanofibrils and carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber coating on sack kraft paper
Authors: Hugen Lisiane Nunes , Miranda Eduardo Hélio de Novais , Santos Allan de Amorim dos , Lago Rafael Carvalho do , Silva Luiz Eduardo , Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin , Ferreira Saulo Rocha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The main objective of this research is to evaluate the influence of coating based on cellulose micro/nanofibrils (CMF) and carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) on sack kraft paper, for possible use in packaging. Filmogenic solutions were applied manually as a coating on sack kraft paper. These solutions were prepared by suspensions of CMF 1.5 % w/v with the addition of different content of XSBR (0, 2, 10, and 20 % about the total mass of CMF). Uncoated sack kraft paper was used as control. Films were obtained by casting and characterized physically, morphologically, and mechanically. The results demonstrated that XSBR and CMF composite suspension showed good performance as a coating on sack kraft paper. The formation of homogeneous structures well distributed on paper can be observed on scanning electron microscope images. Coatings containing XSBR presented a smoother surface, less porosity and hydrophilicity, and a greater coalescence, with good properties of air resistance and water vapor permeability. However, regarding mechanical properties, there were no improvements in coated papers. Therefore, the present study contributed information on the development of more flexible and hydrophobic cellulosic papers for possible applications in the industrial packaging sector.
The effect of magnetized quantum plasma on Jeans instability
Authors: Patidar Ashok K. , Joshi Hemlata , Patidar Sonali , Pensia Ram K. , Mansuri Shaheen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The influence of quantum plasma on Jeans instability is investigated in the presence of magnetic fields, and the dispersion relation obtained in both parallel and perpendicular directions has shown the stabilizing effect on the growth rate of Jeans instability with a moderate temperature high-density regime. The influence of the magnetic field on the Jeans criteria is illustrated through the graphical representation. The inclusion of magnetic fields with quantum effect on the motion of a charged particle involves the essential properties of acceleration and the transport of highly ionized particles is important in connection with a well-known application of the confinement of magnetized plasma. In this paper, we analytically discuss the effect of magnetic field on white dwarfs. The mass-radius relation of highly magnetized white dwarfs is different from their non-magnetic equivalent and leads to a modified super-Chandrashekhar mass limit.
Large-Scale Hydraulic Performance Testing of a Geotextile Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Wall Constructed with Recycled Concrete Aggregate Backfill
Authors: Mardani Azin , Abbaspour Aiyoub , Tanyu Burak F. , Siemens Greg , Bathurst Richard J. , Likos William J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Constructing geosynthetic mechanically stabilized earth walls with recycled backfill materials reduces environmental impacts and financial cost compared with their gravity wall counterparts. While a large database of column-scale tests to evaluate the hydraulic performance of recycled backfill materials exists in the literature, clogging potential under multidimensional flow conditions has not been examined. A large-scale reinforced soil wall and a complementary column test constructed with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and closely-spaced woven geotextile reinforcement were tested to examine chemical and physical clogging under wetting-drying cycles. Internal moisture migration and the evolving chemical signature of leachate were measured. Geotextile samples were exhumed after the tests and analyzed to evaluate chemical (tufa formation) and physical (fines migration) clogging. The complementary multidimensional and column experiments afford direct comparison of outflow chemistry and effects on geotextile permittivity. Geotextiles in the large-scale wall and column tests did not show any evidence of chemical or physical clogging and no evidence of positive pore pressures was detected. Outflow leachate from the wall test had higher total dissolved solids values and higher concentrations of Ca and SO4 in comparison to the column test. The pH of leachate from the column test is initially lower than from the wall, but results become similar (pH ∼12) at test completion. Leachate from both tests is supersaturated with tufa minerals. Differences in leachate characteristics of the two tests can be attributed to the initial moisture content of the backfill, larger quantity of RCA material in the large-scale wall, and the multidimensional flow characteristics of the large-scale wall. Results validate previous observations from column tests in terms of moisture retention and chemical response when flow conditions are multidimensional. Maintaining a free-draining backfill under conditions that could promote clogging (closely-spaced woven geotextile reinforcement layers) gives further confidence in using RCA as backfill under these conditions.