bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries: Surprises and lessons from key case studies
Authors: Free Christopher M. , Anderson Sean C. , Hellmers Elizabeth A. , Muhling Barbara A. , Navarro Michael O. , Richerson Kate , Rogers Lauren A. , Satterthwaite William H. , Thompson Andrew R. , Burt Jenn M. , Gaines Steven D. , Marshall Kristin N. , White J. Wilson , Bellquist Lyall F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMarine heatwaves are increasingly affecting marine ecosystems, with cascading impacts on coastal economies, communities, and food systems. Studies of heatwaves provide crucial insights into potential ecosystem shifts under future climate change and put fisheries social‐ecological systems through “stress tests” that expose both vulnerabilities and resilience. The 2014–16 Northeast Pacific heatwave was the strongest and longest marine heatwave on record and resulted in profound ecological changes that impacted fisheries, fisheries management, and human livelihoods. Here, we synthesize the impacts of the 2014–2016 marine heatwave on US and Canada West Coast fisheries and extract key lessons for preparing global fisheries science, management, and industries for the future. We set the stage with a brief review of the impacts of the heatwave on marine ecosystems and the first systematic analysis of the economic impacts of these changes on commercial and recreational fisheries. We then examine ten key case studies that provide instructive examples of the complex and surprising challenges that heatwaves pose to fisheries social‐ecological systems. These reveal important insights into improving the resilience of monitoring and management and increasing adaptive capacity to future stressors. Key recommendations include: (1) expanding monitoring to enhance mechanistic understanding, provide early warning signals, and improve predictions of impacts; (2) increasing the flexibility, adaptiveness, and inclusiveness of management where possible; (3) using simulation testing to help guide management decisions; and (4) enhancing the adaptive capacity of fishing communities by promoting engagement, flexibility, experimentation, and failsafes. These advancements are important as global fisheries prepare for a changing ocean.
Compound‐specific stable isotopes resolve sources and fate of polyunsaturated fatty acids in biota of headwater streams
Authors: Ebm Nadine , Guo Fen , Brett Michael T. , Bunn Stuart E. , Fry Brian , Kainz Martin J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Organisms at the base of stream food webs are typically poor in long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA), especially in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whereas consumers at higher trophic levels are often rich in LC‐PUFA. For example, fish tissues, especially the brain, are DHA‐rich. This obvious mismatch between consumer LC‐PUFA and their basal dietary supply may result from selective retention and/or endogenous conversion of dietary precursors to LC‐PUFA.

To determine which is more likely, we investigated compound‐specific carbon stable isotopes in PUFA (δ13CPUFA) of potential basal resources (stream epilithon, leaf litter) and consumers (invertebrates, European bullhead, and two salmonid species and their brain, eye, liver, and muscle tissues). We predicted that consumer‐PUFA, depleted in 13C values relative to their dietary sources, would indicate internal de novo PUFA synthesis. Alternatively, higher consumer‐δ13CPUFA values would imply selective retention of aquatic (epilithon and conditioned leaves) rather than terrestrial resources or internal production, irrespective of trophic levels.

Invertebrate grazers and predators resembled δ13C values of essential fatty acids (δ13CEFA) of benthic algae, while shredder‐δ13CEFA values reflected those of conditioned rather than fresh leaves. Lower eye‐δ13CEFA values of salmonids than in livers indicated high retention of dietary PUFA sources (invertebrates and epilithon). Stable isotope values of eicosapentaenoic acid suggest that all consumers retained algal EPA, while insectivorous fish produced DHA in their liver. There is no further evidence from carbon stable isotopes for local PUFA conversion within neural tissues.

Our study demonstrates that δ13CPUFA can be used to track sources of these highly functional molecules in aquatic consumers and highlights the importance of algal derived‐PUFA for these consumers in oligotrophic headwater streams.
Nitrogen addition promotes terrestrial plants to allocate more biomass to aboveground organs: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Feng Huili , Guo Jiahuan , Peng Changhui , Kneeshaw Daniel , Roberge Gabrielle , Pan Chang , Ma Xuehong , Zhou Dan , Wang Weifeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA significant increase in reactive nitrogen (N) added to terrestrial ecosystems through agricultural fertilization or atmospheric deposition is considered to be one of the most widespread drivers of global change. Modifying biomass allocation is one primary strategy for maximizing plant growth rate, survival, and adaptability to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is much uncertainty as to whether and how plant biomass allocation strategies change in response to increased N inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we synthesized 3516 paired observations of plant biomass and their components related to N additions across terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Our meta‐analysis reveals that N addition (ranging from 1.08 to 113.81 g m−2 year−1) increased terrestrial plant biomass by 55.6% on average. N addition has increased plant stem mass fraction, shoot mass fraction, and leaf mass fraction by 13.8%, 12.9%, and 13.4%, respectively, but with an associated decrease in plant reproductive mass (including flower and fruit biomass) fraction by 3.4%. We further documented a reduction in plant root‐shoot ratio and root mass fraction by 27% (21.8%–32.1%) and 14.7% (11.6%–17.8%), respectively, in response to N addition. Meta‐regression results showed that N addition effects on plant biomass were positively correlated with mean annual temperature, soil available phosphorus, soil total potassium, specific leaf area, and leaf area per plant. Nevertheless, they were negatively correlated with soil total N, leaf carbon/N ratio, leaf carbon and N content per leaf area, as well as the amount and duration of N addition. In summary, our meta‐analysis suggests that N addition may alter terrestrial plant biomass allocation strategies, leading to more biomass being allocated to aboveground organs than belowground organs and growth versus reproductive trade‐offs. At the global scale, leaf functional traits may dictate how plant species change their biomass allocation pattern in response to N addition.
Priority setting for children and young people with chronic conditions and disabilities
Authors: Finlay‐Jones Amy , Sampson Rebecca , Parkinson Asha , Prentice Karina , Bebbington Keely , Treadgold Claire , Frank Belinda , Bates Amber , Freeman Jacinta , Lucas Jayden , Dart Julie , Davis Elizabeth , Lingam Raghu , McKenzie Anne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this project was to identify the top 10 priorities for childhood chronic conditions and disability (CCD) research from the perspectives of children and young people with lived experience, their parents and caregivers and the professionals who work with them.MethodsWe conducted a three‐stage study based on the James Lind Alliance priority‐setting partnership methods. It comprised two online surveys (n = 200; n = 201) and a consensus workshop (n = 21) with these three stakeholder groups in Australia.ResultsIn the first stage, 456 responses were submitted, which were coded and collapsed into 40 overarching themes. In the second stage, 20 themes were shortlisted, which were further refined in stage 3, before the top 10 priorities being selected. Of these, the top three priorities were improving awareness and inclusion in all aspects of their life (school, work and social relationships), improving access to treatments and support and improving the process of diagnosis.ConclusionsThe top 10 priorities identified reflect the need to focus on the individual, health systems and social aspects of the CCD experience when conducting research in this area.Patient or Public ContributionThis study was guided by three Advisory Groups, comprising (1) young people living with CCD; (2) parents and caregivers of a child or young person with CCD and (3) professionals working with children and young people with CCD. These groups met several times across the course of the project and provided input into study aims, materials, methods and data interpretation and reporting. Additionally, the lead author and seven members of the author group have lived and experienced CCD.
Refugee and migrants' involvement in participatory spaces in a US practice‐based research network study: Responding to unanticipated priorities
Authors: LeMaster Joseph W. , Lutgen Cory B. , Matharoo Jagtaj , MacFarlane Anne E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRefugees and migrants face suboptimal involvement in spaces for primary healthcare decision‐making. Given the rising numbers of resettled refugees and migrants in primary care settings in the United States, there is an urgent need for patient‐centred outcome research in practice‐based research networks (PBRNs) with diverse ethnolinguistic communities. This study explored whether researchers, clinicians and patients would achieve consensus on (1) a common set of clinical problems that were applicable across a PBRN and (2) potential clinical interventions to address those problems to inform a patient‐centred outcomes research (PCOR) study in a similar research network.MethodsIn this qualitative participatory health research study, patients from diverse ethnolinguistic communities and clinicians from seven practices in a US PBRN discussed preferences for PCOR responsive to patients and the clinicians who serve them in language‐discordant settings. Researchers and an advisory panel that included patients and clinicians from each participating practice held regular advisory meetings to monitor progress on project milestones and solve emerging problems. Participants took part in 10 sessions using Participatory Learning in Action and the World Café methods to identify and prioritise their ideas, using questions set for them by the advisory panel. Data were analysed based on principles of qualitative thematic content analysis.ResultsParticipants identified common barriers in language‐discordant healthcare settings, principally patient‐clinician communication barriers and suggestions to overcome these barriers. A key finding was an unanticipated consensus about the need for attention to healthcare processes rather than a clinical research priority. Negotiation with research funders enabled further analysis of potential interventions for care processes to improve communication and shared decision‐making in consultations and the practice as a whole.ConclusionPCOR studies should examine interventions for improving communication between patients from diverse ethnolinguistic communities and primary care staff if the sorts of harms experienced by patients experiencing language‐discordant healthcare are to be reduced or prevented. Flexibility and responsiveness from funders to unanticipated findings are key structural supports for participatory health research in primary care clinical settings with this population and others who experience marginalisation and exclusion.Patient or Public ContributionPatients and clinicians participated in the study both in the formulation of the study question, data collection, analysis and dissemination of these results; consented to their individual participation; and reviewed early drafts of the manuscript.
The role of identity in the experiences of dementia care workers from a minority ethnic background during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Hughes Mishca , Butchard Sarah , Giebel Clarissa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCare home staff working during the COVID‐19 pandemic experienced higher levels of stress and increased workloads. People from diverse ethnic backgrounds were disproportionately affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study explored the identity experiences of care home staff from diverse ethnic backgrounds in the context of working during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsFourteen semistructured interviews were conducted between May 2021 and April 2022 with ethnic minority care home staff in England, who worked during the pandemic. Participants were recruited using convenience and theoretical sampling. Interviews were conducted via telephone or online platforms. A social constructivist grounded theory methodology was utilised in analysing the data.FindingsParticipants described five key processes which facilitated or hindered the impact that their experiences had on their identity: dealing with uncertainty and transitioning into a COVID‐19 world; difficult emotions; experiences of discrimination and racism; the response from the care home and societal systems; and the personal vs collective responsibility. When participants' physical and psychological needs went unmet by support structures within the care home and/or society, they experienced a sense of injustice, lack of control and being unvalued or discriminated against by others.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of recognising the unique needs of staff from diverse ethnic backgrounds working in care homes and adapting working practices to improve impact on identity, job satisfaction and staff retention.Patient and Public InvolvementOne care home worker was involved in developing the topic guide and helping to interpret the findings.
Acute myeloid leukemia with RAM immunophenotype: A new underdiagnosed entity
Authors: Gajendra Smeeta , Anupurba Shilpa , Gupta Ritu , Mallick Saumyaranjan , Panda Devasis , Thakral Deepshi , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar , Bakhshi Sameer , Seth Rachna , Rai Sandeep , Prajapati Vijay K. , Singh Saroj 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with RAM immunophenotype is a distinct subtype of AML, as described by the Children's Oncology Group (COG), with characteristic morphological and immunophenotypic properties. It is characterized by strong CD56 expression with dim to negative CD45, HLA‐DR, and CD38 expression. It is an aggressive leukemia with a poor response to induction chemotherapy and/or frequent relapses.MethodsSeven cases with the characteristic RAM immunophenotype were identified in this retrospective analysis of newly diagnosed pediatric AML cases from January 2019 to December 2021. Herein, we have critically analyzed their clinical, morphological, cytochemical, immunophenotyping, cytogenetic, and molecular profiles. The patients were traced and followed for their current disease and treatment status.ResultsOf 302 cases of pediatric AML (age <18 years), seven cases (2.3%) with the distinct RAM phenotype were observed, with age ranging from 9 months to 5 years. Two patients were misdiagnosed earlier as small round cell tumor because of the strong CD56 positivity and the absence of leukocyte common antigen (LCA), but they were later correctly identified as granulocytic sarcoma. The bone marrow aspirate showed blasts with unusual cohesiveness and clumping with nuclear moulding, mimicking non‐hematologic malignancies. Flow cytometry revealed blasts with low side scatter, dim to negative CD45 and CD38, negative cMPO, CD36, and CD11b; moderate to bright CD33, CD117, and bright CD56. The Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD13 expression was significantly lower as compared to the internal controls. Cytogenetic and molecular studies did not show any recurrent abnormalities. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for CBFA2T3‐GLIS2 fusion was performed in 5/7 cases, with one positive result. On clinical follow‐up, two patients were refractory to chemotherapy. Six of the seven cases had succumbed to death (duration of survival: 3–343 days after initial diagnosis).ConclusionAML with RAM immunophenotype, a distinct form of pediatric AML with a poor prognosis, may pose a diagnostic challenge if presented as a soft tissue mass. A comprehensive immunophenotypic evaluation, including stem cell and myeloid markers, is critical for an accurate diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma with the RAM‐immunophenotype. Our data demonstrated weak CD13 expression as an additional immunophenotypic finding.
Modelling the role of fiscal and monetary policy instruments on carbon emission in non‐linear framework: A case of emerging economy
Authors: Sharma Vishal , Fatima Sana , Alam Qamar , Bharadwaj Yogendra Pal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIndia is the second most populous country in the world and stood at seventh rank in a major climate risk index in 2019, which is a grave concern for the Indian government, policymakers and environmentalists. Therefore, the present study examines the role of fiscal policy and monetary policy instruments along with select macroeconomic variables on carbon emission in India over the period 1971–2019 in the non‐linear framework. The outcome of the study reveals that the impact of fiscal and monetary policy instruments on carbon emission is asymmetric in nature. In addition, the positive and negative shocks in fiscal and monetary policy instruments have a positive and negative impact on carbon emissions, respectively. Based on the coefficients’ magnitude, the role of fiscal policy instruments has a more prominent effect on carbon emissions than monetary policy instruments. The findings of the study imply that the Indian government is required to implement green fiscal and monetary policies. Use fiscal policy to implement a ‘green tax ratio’ and a ‘green subsidy programme’ for manufacturers and investors to reduce CO2 emissions. A ‘green lending programme’ should be introduced for commercial banks by implementing monetary policy via the central bank.
Mobility range, level of pain and sleep quality of patients with venous leg ulcers
Authors: Siegling Michael , Renner Regina , Erfurt‐Berge Cornelia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to compare mobility range, level of pain and sleep quality in patients with venous leg ulcers to age‐ and gender‐matched controls without ulcers. Twenty patients with venous leg ulceration and 20 matched controls each answered a questionnaire, completed the short‐physical performance battery, filled in a subject diary and wore a smartwatch for 1 week. The median daily step counts of the ulcer group (3622 steps/day) and the control group (5133 steps/day) were significantly different (P = .017). Significant correlations between total step count and age, duration of physical outdoor activities and scores in the short‐physical performance battery were observed in the ulcer group. The scores in the short‐physical performance battery were significantly different in both groups (P = .005), indicating weaker physical performance in the ulcer group. The greatest difference in the self‐reported level of pain between the two groups was stated during movement. On average, the ulcer group slept shorter by 1 h 38 min (P = .002) and had 0.7 wake phases per night (P = .019) more than the control group. Assessing mobility in patients with venous leg ulcers can be used to develop preventive and interventional concepts to improve and individualise physical therapies.
Preventing falls at home among people with intellectual disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: Doherty Alison J. , Benedetto Valerio , Harris Catherine , Ridley Julie , O'Donoghue Annette , James‐Jenkinson Lynn , Fidler Dave , Clegg Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundFalls are common among people with intellectual disabilities. Many falls happen within the home. Our scoping review aimed to identify evidence for falls‐risk factors and falls‐prevention interventions for this population.MethodWe conducted a multi‐database search to identify any type of published study that explored falls‐risk factors or falls‐prevention interventions for people with intellectual disabilities. Following a process of (i) title & abstract and (ii) full‐text screening, data was extracted from the included studies and described narratively.ResultsForty‐one studies were included. Risks are multifactorial. There was limited evidence of medical, behavioural/psychological, or environmental interventions to address modifiable risk factors, and no evidence of the interventions' cost‐effectiveness.ConclusionsClinically and cost effective, acceptable and accessible falls‐prevention pathways should be available for people with intellectual disabilities who are at risk of falls from an earlier age than the general population.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals transcriptional profiles of monocytes in HBV‐infected pregnant women during mid‐pregnancy
Authors: Wang Hongyan , Li Xia , Yang Kaiyue , Guo Fanfan , Wang Xiaona , Zhao Ziyan , Jia Yanju , Gao Fan , Bai Guiqin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a growing body of evidence that innate immunity also plays an important role in the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, there is less study on systematically elucidating the characteristics of innate immunity in HBV‐infected pregnant women. We compared the features of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in three healthy pregnant women and three HBV‐infected pregnant women by single‐cell RNA sequencing. 10 DEGs were detected between groups and monocytes were the main expression source of most of the DEGs, which involved in the inflammatory response, apoptosis and immune regulation. Meanwhile, qPCR and ELISA were performed to verify above genes. Monocytes displayed immune response defect, reflecting poor ability of response to IFN. In addition, eight clusters were identified in monocytes. We identified molecular drivers in monocytes subpopulations.TNFSF10+ monocytes, MT1G+ monocytes and TUBB1+ monocytes were featured with different gene expression pattern and biological function.TNFSF10+ monocytes and MT1G+ monocytes were characterized by high levels of inflammation response.TNFSF10+ monocytes, MT1G+ monocytes and TUBB1+ monocytes showed decreased response to IFN. Our results dissects alterations in monocytes related to the immune response of HBV‐infected pregnant women and provides a rich resource for fully understanding immunopathogenesis and developing effective preventing HBV intrauterine infection strategies.
The development of a trauma informed care framework for residential services for adults with an intellectual disability: Implications for policy and practice
Authors: McNally Paddy , Taggart Laurence , Shevlin Mark 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTrauma informed care has become an evidenced based approach for inpatient and residential services for people in the general population who are likely to have been impacted by trauma. Given the increased vulnerability to psychological trauma for adults with an intellectual disability, it should follow that residential services for adults with an intellectual disability would also benefit from a trauma informed care approach. Two focus groups and individual interviews with seven adults with an intellectual disability and six workshops with seven service providers were conducted to co‐produce a trauma informed care framework for residential services that was evidence‐based and guided by established models (MRC, Developing and evaluating complex interventions, London: MRC & NIHR, 2019; Wight et al., Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 70, 520–525, 2016). The framework was developed into four chapters: ‘Setting the context’; ‘Organisational change’; ‘Workforce development’; and ‘Trauma focussed services’. A logic model outlining the mechanisms of change was refined over the course of the co‐production workshops. This is the first study to develop and co‐produce a trauma informed care framework for residential and supported living accommodation for adults with an intellectual disability. The framework has implications for local policy and practice in its current cultural context. Future development is required to operationalise and test the framework and to explore its adaptability to international contexts.