bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anal lymphoma: a tumor with insufficient attention
Authors: Liu Xibo , Chen Hongliang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Anal lymphomas are extremely rare. There are no relevant descriptions in professional books, and there are only a few case reports in the literature. Here, we report a new case and review the literature to summarize the clinical and pathological features of anal lymphoma.

Methods
We described a case of anal lymphoma confirmed by pathological diagnosis, then searched the PubMed database, and finally selected 12 reported cases to be included in the study. We described the clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients.

Results
Thirteen patients with anal lymphoma were confirmed. Seven men and six women with a median age of 50. There were four cases of HIV- and EBV-infected patients. The size of the tumor was 1–13 cm, all of which were diagnosed as B-cell lymphoma, and 61.5% were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Among the 13 patients, eight received chemotherapy or immunochemotherapy, two received radiotherapy, one received chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy, one received surgery, and one gave up treatment. Three patients died, and only 2 of 10 surviving patients had complete remission.

Conclusion
Anal lymphoma is extremely rare. Patients with persistent abscess complicated with HIV or EBV infection should undergo pathological biopsy to exclude anal lymphoma.
Brain targeting of zolmitriptan via transdermal terpesomes: statistical optimization and in vivo biodistribution study by 99mTc radiolabeling technique
Authors: Tawfik Mai Ahmed , Eltaweel Mai M. , Fatouh Ahmed M. , Shamsel-Din Hesham A. , Ibrahim Ahmed B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractZolmitriptan (ZT) is a potent second generation triptan, commonly administered to alleviate migraine attacks. ZT suffers various limitations; massive hepatic first pass metabolism, P-gp efflux transporters susceptibility, and limited (≈40%) oral bioavailability. Transdermal route of administration could be explored to enhance its bioavailability. A 23.31 full factorial design was constructed to developed twenty-four ZT loaded terpesomes via thin film hydration technique. The influence of drug: phosphatidylcholine ratio, terpene type, terpene concentration and sodium deoxycholate concentration on the characterization of the developed ZT-loaded terpesomes was assessed. Particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), ZT entrapment efficiency (EE%), drug loading (DL%) and drug released percentages after 6 h (Q6h) were the selected dependent variables. Further morphological, crystallinity, and in-vivo histopathological studies were conducted for the optimum terpesomes (T6). 99mTc-ZT and 99mTc-ZT-T6 gel were radio-formulated for in-vivo biodistribution studies in mice following transdermal application of 99mTc-ZT-T6 gel, relative to 99mTc-ZT oral solution. T6 terpesomes [comprising ZT and phosphatidylcholine (1:15), cineole (1% w/v) and sodium deoxycholate (0.1% w/v)] were optimum with respect to spherical PS (290.2 nm), ZP (-48.9 mV), EE% (83%), DL% (3.9%) and Q6h (92.2%) with desirability value of 0.85. The safety of the developed T6 terpesomes was verified by the in-vivo histopathological studies. 99mTc-ZT-T6 gel showed maximum brain concentration (5 ± 0.1%ID/ g) with highest brain to blood ratio of 1.92 ± 0.1 at 4 h post transdermal application. Significant improvement of ZT brain relative bioavailability (529%) and high brain targeting efficiency (315%) were revealed with 99mTc-ZT-T6 gel, which confirmed successful ZT delivery to the brain. Terpesomes could be safe, successful systems capable of improving ZT bioavailability with high brain targeting efficiency.
Graphical Abstract
Iron metabolism in colorectal cancer: a balancing act
Authors: Estêvão Diogo , da Cruz-Ribeiro Miguel , Cardoso Ana P. , Costa Ângela M. , Oliveira Maria J. , Duarte Tiago L. , da Cruz Tânia B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second deadliest malignancy worldwide. Current dietary habits are associated with increased levels of iron and heme, both of which increase the risk of developing CRC. The harmful effects of iron overload are related to the induction of iron-mediated pro-tumorigenic pathways, including carcinogenesis and hyperproliferation. On the other hand, iron deficiency may also promote CRC development and progression by contributing to genome instability, therapy resistance, and diminished immune responses. In addition to the relevance of systemic iron levels, iron-regulatory mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment are also believed to play a significant role in CRC and to influence disease outcome. Furthermore, CRC cells are more prone to escape iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) than non-malignant cells due to the constitutive activation of antioxidant genes expression. There is wide evidence that inhibition of ferroptosis may contribute to the resistance of CRC to established chemotherapeutic regimens. As such, ferroptosis inducers represent promising therapeutic drugs for CRC.

Conclusions and perspectives
This review addresses the complex role of iron in CRC, particularly in what concerns the consequences of iron excess or deprivation in tumor development and progression. We also dissect the regulation of cellular iron metabolism in the CRC microenvironment and emphasize the role of hypoxia and of oxidative stress (e.g. ferroptosis) in CRC. Finally, we underline some iron-related players as potential therapeutic targets against CRC malignancy.
The determinants of poverty exits and entries and the role of social benefits: the Italian case
Authors: Bonanno G. , Chies L. , Podrecca E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper uses a novel micro econometric approach to analyze the impact of social benefits on the individual probabilities of poverty exit and entry in Italy, and their relative importance with respect to other socio-economic determinants of poverty transitions. Year to year transitions are defined as dichotomous variables capturing the changes of the individual poverty status, and are analyzed using random effects probit models estimated on pooled Italian data from 9 longitudinal components of IT-SILC covering the period 2004–2015. Our results show that social benefits strongly counteract the adverse effects of individual characteristics like unemployment, work intensity, inactivity, household size (and composition) and past poverty experience on the individual probabilities of poverty exit and entry. Despite their important effects on the individual probabilities of transitions, however, social benefits have a limited coverage among the vulnerable groups of the population, which strongly limits their aggregate impact on transition rates and poverty rates.
Do Patient-reported Allergies Lead to Poor Outcomes Following Shoulder Arthroplasty? A Systematic Review
Authors: Karimi Amir H. , Langberg Joshua , Stone Michael A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTotal shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is growing more widespread, with over 100,000 TSA cases each year in the USA. Previous research shows increasing number of patient-reported allergies is associated with worse surgical outcomes following orthopedic procedures. This study systematically reviewed the association of patient-reported allergies to outcomes following TSA. A comprehensive review of the PubMed, EBSCO host, Medline, and Google Scholar electronic databases was conducted identifying all studies reporting on the association of patient-reported allergies to TSA outcomes between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2022. The following keywords and MeSH terms were utilized in combination with “AND” or “OR” Boolean operators: “shoulder arthroplasty,” “shoulder replacement,” “allergy,” “allergies,” and “hypersensitivity.” The final analysis included 8 studies with a total of 166,303 patients. Four studies looked at all types of allergies, 2 studies looked at drug allergies, and 2 studies looked at antibiotic allergies. Of the 8 articles included in the study, 6 reported having more reported allergies is associated with worse outcomes. Patients in the better outcome group reported an average of 1.6 allergies, while those in the worse outcome group reported an average of 3.3 allergies. Patients with more reported antibiotic allergies are at a higher risk of PJIs. Furthermore, patients with more reported allergies were at an increased risk of pain intensity, length of stay (LOS), and worse patient-reported outcomes. In conclusion, a higher number of patient reported allergies is associated with worse outcomes following TSA. Although patient-reported allergies may not always be accurate, they could still serve as a preliminary screening tool to identify patients who require further diagnostic testing to confirm the presence of allergies.
From stressor to protector, UV-induced abiotic stress resistance
Authors: Crestani Gaia , Cunningham Natalie , Csepregi Kristóf , Badmus Uthman O. , Jansen Marcel A. K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPlants are continuously exposed to combinations of abiotic and biotic stressors. While much is known about responses to individual stressors, understanding of plant responses to combinations of stressors is limited. The effects of combined exposure to drought and UV radiation are particularly relevant in the context of climate change. In this study it was explored whether UV-exposure can be used as a tool to prime stress-resistance in plants grown under highly protected culture conditions. It was hypothesised that priming mint plantlets (Mentha spicata L.) with a low-dose of UV irradiance can alleviate the drought effect caused by a change in humidity upon transplanting. Plants were grown for 30 days on agar in sealed tissue culture containers. During this period, plants were exposed to ~ 0.22 W m−2 UV-B for 8 days, using either UV-blocking or UV- transmitting filters. Plants were then transplanted to soil and monitored for a further 7 days. It was found that non-UV exposed mint plants developed necrotic spots on leaves, following transfer to soil, but this was not the case for plants primed with UV. Results showed that UV induced stress resistance is associated with an increase in antioxidant capacity, as well as a decrease in leaf area. UV-induced stress resistance can be beneficial in a horticultural setting, where priming plants with UV-B can be used as a tool in the production of commercial crops.
Evaluation of the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and histopathological effects of Cymbopogon schoenanthus essential oil extract on kidney and spleen in BALB/C Mice
Authors: El-Bassossy Taha A. I. , Abdelgawad Ahmed A. M. , Abo-Zaid Mabrouk A. , Amin Ali H. , El-Agamy Sherif A. , Elazab Khalid M. , Ismail Ahmed H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the impact ofC. schoenanthusessential oil (CSEO) on the immune system, antioxidant balance, and histological changes in the kidney and spleen of female BALB/C mice. The chemical composition of CSEO was analyzed using GC-MS. Twenty-nine compounds were identified, representing 99.04% of the total detected. The main components were Piperitone (47.93%), Elemol (11.91%), 2-Carene (10.69%), β-eudesmol (7.67%), α-eudesmol (5.12%), and γ-eudesmol (4.24%). For bioassay, the mice were divided into three groups: control, 0.5% CSEO (G1), and 1% CSEO (G2). The effects of CSEO on various markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), urea, creatinine, and cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α, and TGF-β1), were evaluated. Additionally, kidney and spleen histopathological examinations were conducted. The treatment groups showed a significant increase in IL-4, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 levels compared to the control group, except for G1, which showed a non-significant decrease in TGF-β1 levels. Group 2 exhibited a significant increase in MDA levels compared to the control group, while group 1 had a nonsignificant increase. Both treatments showed a significant increase in GSH levels, while SOD and CAT levels showed a non-significant increase in G2 and a non-significant decrease in G1. Urea levels showed a non-significant increase, while creatinine levels were significantly decreased in G2 and non-significantly decreased in G1 compared to the control group. The histopathological examinations revealed congested red pulp with activated hematopoiesis and focal fibrosis in spleen sections of both G1 and G2. The study suggests that medicinal herbs such as CSEO need to be used with caution, and their effects should be evaluated carefully, especially in terms of dose-dependent effects. The results indicate that high doses of CSEO may increase the levels of some cytokines and antioxidants and have harmful effects on kidney architecture, congested red pulp, and fibrosis with increased hematopoiesis. Therefore, the random use of medicinal herbs may have harmful effects and needs to be carefully controlled to ensure safe use.
Longitudinal associations between stroke and psychosis: a population-based study
Authors: Richards-Belle Alvin , Poole Norman , Osborn David P.J. , Bell Vaughan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe co-occurrence of stroke and psychosis is a serious neuropsychiatric condition but little is known about the course of this comorbidity. We aimed to estimate longitudinal associations between stroke and psychosis over 10 years.MethodsA 10-year population-based study using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. A structured health assessment recorded (i) first-occurrence stroke and (ii) psychosis, at each wave. Each were considered exposures and outcomes in separate analyses. Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier methods were used. Models were adjusted for demographic and health behaviour covariates, with missing covariates imputed using random forest multiple imputation.ResultsOf 19 808 participants, 24 reported both stroke and psychosis (median Wave 1 age 63, 71% female, 50% lowest quintile of net financial wealth) at any point during follow-up. By 10 years, the probability of an incident first stroke in participants with psychosis was 21.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 12.1–29.6] compared to 8.3% (95% CI 7.8–8.8) in those without psychosis (absolute difference: 13.1%; 95% CI 20.8–4.3, log rank p < 0.001; fully-adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 3.57; 95% CI 2.18–5.84). The probability of reporting incident psychosis in participants with stroke was 2.3% (95% CI 1.4–3.2) compared to 0.9% (95% CI 0.7–1.1) in those without (absolute difference: 1.4%; 95% CI 0.7–2.1, log rank p < 0.001; fully-adjusted HR: 4.98; 95% CI 2.55–9.72).ConclusionsStroke is an independent predictor of psychosis (and vice versa), after adjustment for potential confounders.
Altered reward network responses to social touch in major depression
Authors: Mielacher Clemens , Scheele Dirk , Kiebs Maximilian , Schmitt Laura , Dellert Torge , Philipsen Alexandra , Lamm Claus , Hurlemann René 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSocial touch is an integral part of social relationships and has been associated with reward. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by severe impairments in reward processing, but the neural effects of social touch in MDD are still elusive. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the neural processing of social touch is altered in MDD and to assess the impact of antidepressant therapy.MethodsBefore and after antidepressant treatment, 53 MDD patients and 41 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while receiving social touch. We compared neural responses to social touch in the reward network, behavioral ratings of touch comfort and general aversion to interpersonal touch in patients to controls. Additionally, we examined the effect of treatment response on those measures.ResultsClinical symptoms decreased after treatment and 43.4% of patients were classified as responders. Patients reported higher aversion to interpersonal touch and lower comfort ratings during the fMRI paradigm than controls. Patients showed reduced responses to social touch in the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus and putamen than controls, both before and after treatment. Contrary to our hypotheses, these effects were independent of touch velocity. Non-responders exhibited blunted response in the caudate nucleus and the insula compared to responders, again irrespective of time.ConclusionsThese findings suggest altered striatal processing of social touch in MDD. Persistent dysfunctional processing of social touch despite clinical improvements may constitute a latent risk factor for social withdrawal and isolation.
‘Gangpu is too funny!’: The mediatization of Hong Kong Mandarin as a jocular register
Authors: Wong Andrew D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article demonstrates how mediatization facilitates the (re)production of mock language. Through an examination of Chinese netizens’ reactions to a series of viral internet commercials that feature three Hong Kong actors speaking nonstandard Mandarin, it uncovers the processes whereby Gangpu (Hong Kong Mandarin) has become increasingly perceived in China as funny. The vast scale of uptake formulations enabled by mediatization has made it possible for Chinese netizens to engage in a collaborative effort not only in highlighting certain features of Gangpu and certain elements of the commercials but also in presenting them in ways that evoke specific meanings and interpretations. Ultimately, it is through the parodic revoicing of Hong Kong celebrities speaking nonstandard Mandarin that this non-native variety has come to be keyed as humorous. This study shows that we gain a better understanding of how mock practices reinforce and build on each other by tracing their uptake and circulation. (Mediatization, mock language, parody, listening subject, Mandarin Chinese, Hong Kong, China)*
Cut-Off Value of Capillary Refill Time for Peripheral Circulatory Failure Diagnosis
Authors: Shinozaki Masayoshi , Nakada Taka-aki , Saito Daiki , Tomita Keisuke , Nomura Yukihiro , Nakaguchi Toshiya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Capillary refill time (CRT) is an indicator of peripheral circulation and is recommended in the 2021 guidelines for treating and managing sepsis.Study Objective:This study developed a portable device to realize objective CRT measurement. Assuming that peripheral blood flow obstruction by the artery occlusion test (AOT) or venous occlusion test (VOT) increases the CRT, the cut-off value for peripheral circulatory failure was studied by performing a comparative analysis with CRT with no occlusion test (No OT).Methods:Fourteen (14) healthy adults (age: 20–26 years) participated in the study. For the vascular occlusion test, a sphygmomanometer was placed on the left upper arm of the participant in the supine position, and a pressure of 30mmHg higher than the systolic pressure was applied for AOT, a pressure of 60mmHg was applied for VOT, respectively, and no pressure was applied for No OT. The CRT was measured from the index finger of the participant’s left hand.Results:Experimental results revealed that CRT was significantly longer in the AOT and did not differ significantly in the VOT. The cut-off value for peripheral circulatory failure was found to be 2.88 seconds based on Youden’s index by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with AOT as positive and No OT as negative.Conclusion:Significant results were obtained in a previous study on the evaluation of septic shock patients when CRT > three seconds was considered abnormal, and the cut-off value for peripheral circulatory failure in the current study validated this.
Directional terahertz holography with thermally active Janus metasurface
Authors: Chen Benwen , Yang Shengxin , Chen Jian , Wu Jingbo , Chen Ke , Li Weili , Tan Yihui , Wang Zhaosong , Qiu Hongsong , Fan Kebin , Zhang Caihong , Wang Huabing , Feng Yijun , He Yunbin , Jin Biaobing , Wu Xinglong , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDynamic manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) waves with multiple degrees of freedom plays an essential role in enhancing information processing. Currently, an enormous challenge is to realize directional terahertz (THz) holography. Recently, it was demonstrated that Janus metasurfaces could produce distinct responses to EM waves from two opposite incident directions, making multiplexed dynamic manipulation of THz waves possible. Herein, we show that thermally activated THz Janus metasurfaces integrating with phase change materials on the meta-atoms can produce asymmetric transmission with the designed phase delays. Such reconfigurable Janus metasurfaces can achieve asymmetric focusing of THz wave and directional THz holography with free-space image projections, and particularly the information can be manipulated via temperature and incident THz wave direction. This work not only offers a common strategy for realizing the reconfigurability of Janus metasurfaces, but also shows possible applications in THz optical information encryption, data storage, and smart windows.
Far-field super-resolution chemical microscopy
Authors: Tang Mingwei , Han Yubing , Jia Danchen , Yang Qing , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFar-field chemical microscopy providing molecular electronic or vibrational fingerprint information opens a new window for the study of three-dimensional biological, material, and chemical systems. Chemical microscopy provides a nondestructive way of chemical identification without exterior labels. However, the diffraction limit of optics hindered it from discovering more details under the resolution limit. Recent development of super-resolution techniques gives enlightenment to open this door behind far-field chemical microscopy. Here, we review recent advances that have pushed the boundary of far-field chemical microscopy in terms of spatial resolution. We further highlight applications in biomedical research, material characterization, environmental study, cultural heritage conservation, and integrated chip inspection.
Ambient-conditions spinning of functional soft fibers via engineering molecular chain networks and phase separation
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Zhou Mengjuan , Liu Mingyang , Guo Zi Hao , Qu Hao , Chen Wenshuai , Tan Swee Ching 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProducing functional soft fibers via existing spinning methods is environmentally and economically costly due to the complexity of spinning equipment, involvement of copious solvents, intensive consumption of energy, and multi-step pre-/post-spinning treatments. We report a nonsolvent vapor-induced phase separation spinning approach under ambient conditions, which resembles the native spider silk fibrillation. It is enabled by the optimal rheological properties of dopes via engineering silver-coordinated molecular chain interactions and autonomous phase transition due to the nonsolvent vapor-induced phase separation effect. Fiber fibrillation under ambient conditions using a polyacrylonitrile-silver ion dope is demonstrated, along with detailed elucidations on tuning dope spinnability through rheological analysis. The obtained fibers are mechanically soft, stretchable, and electrically conductive, benefiting from elastic molecular chain networks via silver-based coordination complexes and in-situ reduced silver nanoparticles. Particularly, these fibers can be configured as wearable electronics for self-sensing and self-powering applications. Our ambient-conditions spinning approach provides a platform to create functional soft fibers with unified mechanical and electrical properties at a two-to-three order of magnitude less energy cost under ambient conditions.