bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological morbidity in patients with pemphigus and its clinicodemographic risk factor: A comparative study
Authors: Wang Jingying , Wu Haixi , Cong Weiting , Zhu Haiqin , Zheng Jie , Li Xia , Pan Meng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to the long disease duration, impact on appearance, social stigmatization, and numerous side effects of treatment, pemphigus, an autoimmune bullous disease, often has a significant psychological impact on patients. On the other hand, mood disorders may exacerbate the disease by affecting the patient's self‐management, forming a vicious circle. To investigate anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with pemphigus, a total of 140 patients with pemphigus were recruited for this cross‐sectional retrospective study between March 2020 and January 2022. A control group of 118 patients with psoriasis, a commonly known psychosomatic dermatosis, was established. Patients were evaluated at the visiting day with the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory second edition for mood disorders, the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire for disease‐related life quality, and the Visual Analogue Scale for pain and itching symptoms. In our cohort, 30.7% of patients with pemphigus suffered from either anxiety disorder (25%) or depressive disorders (14.3%). Propensity score matching was implemented to create a comparable cohort of pemphigus and psoriasis groups considering the baseline discrepancy. Thirty‐four comparable pairs of pemphigus and psoriasis patients were extracted. The prevalence and severity of depressive disorder in pemphigus patients were significantly higher than in psoriasis patients, while anxiety disorder levels appeared to be similar in two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further revealed that disease‐related hospitalization history, active mucosal damage, and concomitant thyroid disease are independent risk factors for mood disorders in pemphigus patients. Our results showed that pemphigus patients had a high prevalence and severity of mood disorders. Relevant clinicodemographic indicators may be valuable for prediction and early identification of mood disorders in pemphigus. Better disease education from physicians may be important for these patients to achieve overall disease management.
MALDI‐TOF MS identification of Exophiala species isolated in Japan: Library enrichment and faster sample preparation
Authors: Futatsuya Taketoshi , Mura Tatsuki , Anzawa Kazushi , Mochizuki Takashi , Shimizu Akira , Iinuma Yoshitsugu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExophiala species cause chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis, which are occasionally fatally in immunocompromised patients. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) provides rapid and accurate examination of isolated bacteria and some fungal isolates, but the preparation method for filamentous fungi is complicated. In this study, 31 clinical isolates of Exophiala spp. in Japan were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS with a library enriched by adding data. To simplify the sample preparation method, two modified methods were compared with the standard method for filamentous fungi. The agar cultivation sample preparation method reduced the time required for liquid culture and was considered suitable for clinical use. In 30 of 31 clinical isolates of Exophiala spp., the species identified by MALDI‐TOF MS with the highest score matched the species identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region. Exophiala dermatitidis, E. lecanii‐corni, and E. oligosperma were identified above the genus level, while E. jeanselmei and E. xenobiotica were often not identified at the species level. The identification scores tended to be lower for less‐registered strains in the in‐house library. It is suggested that library enrichment and the modified preparation method may facilitate early diagnosis of rare fungal infections by Exophiala spp. in clinical laboratories using MALDI‐TOF MS.
Nicotine promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv growth and overexpression of virulence genes
Authors: Rivas‐Santiago Bruno , de Haro‐Acosta Jeny , Carlos Adrian Rodríguez , Garcia‐Hernandez Mariana H. , Serrano Carmen J. , Gonzalez‐Curiel Irma , Rivas‐Santiago Cesar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTobacco consumption increases the susceptibility to develop infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). Nicotine (Nc) is the main component of cigarette smoke with immunomodulatory properties, however, its effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has been scarcely investigated. The present study evaluated the effect of nicotine on the growth of Mtb and on the induction of virulence‐related genes. Mycobacteria were exposed to different concentrations of nicotine then Mtb growth was evaluated. Subsequently, the expression of the virulence‐related genes lysX, pirG, fad26, fbpa, ompa, hbhA, esxA, esxB, hspx, katG, lpqh, and caeA was evaluated by RT‐qPCR. The effect of nicotine on intracellular Mtb was also evaluated. The results showed that nicotine promotes the growth of Mtb both extracellularly and intracellularly and increases the expression of genes related to virulence. In summary, nicotine promotes the growth of Mtb and the expression of virulence‐related genes that could be correlated with the increased the risk of smokers developing TB.
Behaviour‐specific spatiotemporal patterns of habitat use by sea turtles revealed using biologging and supervised machine learning
Authors: Hounslow Jenna L. , Fossette Sabrina , Chong Wei , Bali Randa , Tucker Anton D. , Whiting Scott D. , Gleiss Adrian C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Conservation of threatened species and anthropogenic threat mitigation commonly rely on spatially managed areas selected according to habitat preference. Since the impact of threats can be behaviour‐specific, such information could be incorporated into spatial management to improve conservation outcomes. However, collecting spatially explicit behavioural data is challenging.

Using multi‐sensor biologging tags containing high‐resolution movement sensors (e.g. accelerometer, magnetometer, GPS) and animal‐borne video cameras, combined with supervised machine learning, we developed a method to automatically detect and geolocate typically ambiguous behaviours for the poorly understood flatback turtle Natator depressus. Subsequently, we evaluated behaviour‐specific spatiotemporal patterns of habitat use.

Boosted regression trees successfully identified the presence of foraging and resting in 7074 dives (AUC > 0.9), using dive features representing characteristics of locomotory activity, body posture, and three‐dimensional dive paths validated by ancillary video data. Foraging was characterised by dives with longer duration, variable depth, tortuous bottom phases; resting was characterised by dives with decreased locomotory activity and longer duration bottom phases.

Foraging and resting showed minimal spatial segregation based on 50% and 95% utilisation distributions. Expected diel patterns of behaviour‐specific habitat use were superseded by the extreme tides at the near‐shore study site. Turtles rested in areas close to the subtidal and intertidal boundary within larger overlapping foraging areas, allowing efficient access to intertidal food resources upon inundation at high tides when foraging was ~25% more likely.

Synthesis and applications. Using supervised machine learning and biologging tools, we show the potential for dynamic spatial management of flatback turtles to mitigate behaviour‐specific threats by prioritising protection of important locations at pertinent times. Although results are a species‐specific response to a super‐tidal environment, our approach can be generalised to a broad range of taxa and study systems, facilitating a conceptual advance in spatial management.
Versatile methanotrophs form an active methane biofilter in the oxycline of a seasonally stratified coastal basin
Authors: Venetz Jessica , Żygadłowska Olga M. , Lenstra Wytze K. , van Helmond Niels A. G. M. , Nuijten Guylaine H. L. , Wallenius Anna J. , Dalcin Martins Paula , Slomp Caroline P. , Jetten Mike S. M. , Veraart Annelies J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe potential and drivers of microbial methane removal in the water column of seasonally stratified coastal ecosystems and the importance of the methanotrophic community composition for ecosystem functioning are not well explored. Here, we combined depth profiles of oxygen and methane with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, metagenomics and methane oxidation rates at discrete depths in a stratified coastal marine system (Lake Grevelingen, The Netherlands). Three amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to different genera of aerobic Methylomonadaceae and the corresponding three methanotrophic metagenome‐assembled genomes (MOB‐MAGs) were retrieved by 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic analysis, respectively. The abundances of the different methanotrophic ASVs and MOB‐MAGs peaked at different depths along the methane oxygen counter‐gradient and the MOB‐MAGs show a quite diverse genomic potential regarding oxygen metabolism, partial denitrification and sulphur metabolism. Moreover, potential aerobic methane oxidation rates indicated high methanotrophic activity throughout the methane oxygen counter‐gradient, even at depths with low in situ methane or oxygen concentration. This suggests that niche‐partitioning with high genomic versatility of the present Methylomonadaceae might contribute to the functional resilience of the methanotrophic community and ultimately the efficiency of methane removal in the stratified water column of a marine basin.
Croatia: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: NIKIĆ ČAKAR DARIO , RAOS VIŠESLAV 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 2022, Croatia experienced stability despite further parliamentary fragmentation. The centre‐right minority Cabinet endured, albeit with several Cabinet reshuffles. Main opposition parliamentary parties on the left and the right experienced splits, with new parties emerging. There were no elections in 2022 and no referenda. Opposition initiatives in the Parliament were not successful. The government finalized its preparations for the adoption of the Euro and country's accession to the Schengen area.
Aerosol generation with the use of positive pressure ventilation via supraglottic airway devices: an observational study
Authors: Deng W. , Nestor C. C. , Leung K. M. M. , Chew J. , Wang H. , Wang S. , Irwin M. G. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe amount of aerosol generation associated with the use of positive pressure ventilation via a supraglottic airway device has not been quantified. We conducted a two‐group, two‐centre, prospective cohort study in which we recruited 21 low‐risk adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia with second‐generation supraglottic airway devices. An optical particle sizer and an isokinetic sampling probe were used to record particle concentrations per second at different size distributions (0.3–10 μm) during use as well as baseline levels during two common activities (conversation and coughing). There was a median (IQR [range]) peak increase of 2.8 (1.5–4.5 [1–28.1]) and 4.1 (2.0–7.1 [1–18.2]) times background concentrations during SAD insertion and removal. Most of the particles generated during supraglottic airway insertion (85.0%) and removal (85.3%) were < 3 μm diameter. Median (IQR [range]) aerosol concentration generated by insertion (1.1 (0.6–5.1 [0.2–22.3]) particles.cm−3) and removal (2.1 (0.5–3.0 [0.1–18.9]) particles.cm−3) of SADs were significantly lower than those produced during continuous talking (44.5 (28.3–70.5 [2.0–134.5]) particles.cm−3) and coughing (141.0 (98.3–202.8 [4.0–296.5]) particles.cm−3) (p < 0.001). The aerosol levels produced were similar with the two devices. The proportion of easily inhaled and small particles (<1 μm) produced during insertion (57.5%) and removal (57.5%) was much lower than during talking (99.1%) and coughing (99.6%). These results suggest that the use of supraglottic airway devices in low‐risk patients, even with positive pressure ventilation, generates fewer aerosols than speaking and coughing in awake patients.
Self‐compassion as a mediator of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and psychotic symptoms in clinical and non‐clinical groups
Authors: Richardson Thomas , Sood Monica , Bayliss Paul , Newman‐Taylor Katherine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown a link between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and more severe symptoms of psychosis. There is also evidence that self‐compassion is a key mechanism linking adverse childhood experiences and mental health problems such as post‐traumatic stress disorder and depression, but no research has examined these links in psychosis.MethodsWe analysed existing cross‐sectional data, including 55 individuals with psychosis and 166 individuals from the general population. Participants completed standardized measures of CSA, self‐compassion, paranoia, positive psychotic symptoms and distress linked to psychosis.ResultsThe clinical group had higher scores on CSA and all psychosis measures, but we found no differences in self‐compassion between the groups. Higher levels of CSA correlated with lower self‐compassion and higher paranoia and positive symptoms in both groups. CSA also correlated with distress linked to psychosis in the non‐clinical group. Lower self‐compassion mediated the association between higher levels of CSA and more severe paranoia in both groups. In the non‐clinical group, lower self‐compassion also mediated the association between greater CSA and more positive psychotic symptoms and more severe distress.ConclusionsThis is the first study to show that self‐compassion mediates the link between CSA and both paranoia and psychotic symptoms in adulthood. Self‐compassion may therefore be an important transdiagnostic candidate target in therapy to mitigate the impact of early adversity on paranoia in both clinical and non‐clinical groups. Limitations include the small clinical sample and inclusion of a cannabis‐using non‐clinical sample, though recent cannabis use did not impact self‐compassion levels.
Vicarious severe school discipline predicts racial disparities among non‐disciplined Black and White American adolescents
Authors: Del Toro Juan , Wang Ming‐Te 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRacial disparities in school discipline may have collateral consequences on the larger non‐suspended student population. The present study leveraged two longitudinal datasets with 1201 non‐suspended adolescents (48% Black, 52% White; 55% females, 45% males; Mage: 12–13) enrolled in 84 classrooms in an urban mid‐Atlantic city of the United States during the 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 academic years. Classmates' minor infraction suspensions predicted greater next year's defiant infractions among non‐suspended Black adolescents, and this longitudinal relation was worse for Black youth enrolled in predominantly Black classrooms. For White youth, classmates' minor infraction suspensions predicted greater defiant infractions specifically when they were enrolled in predominantly non‐White classrooms. Racial inequities in school discipline may have repercussions that disadvantage all adolescents regardless of race.
Do patients with prediabetes managed with metformin achieve better glycaemic control? A national study using primary care medical records
Authors: Zheng Mingyue , Soumya  , Begum Mumtaz , Bernardo Carla De Oliveira , Stocks Nigel , Jahan Habiba , Gonzalez‐Chica David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo estimate the effectiveness of metformin on glycaemic parameters among participants with incident prediabetes attending Australian general practices.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used electronic health records of regular participants (3+ visits in two consecutive years) attending 383 Australian general practices (MedicineInsight). Participants with ‘incident’ prediabetes (newly recorded diagnosis between 2012 and 2017) and their glycaemic parameters (haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] or fasting blood glucose [FBG]) at 6‐, 12‐, and 18–24 months post diagnosis (unexposed) or post‐management with metformin (treatment) were identified from the database. We estimated the average treatment effect (ATE) of metformin management on glycaemic parameters using both linear regression and augmented inverse probability weighting.ResultsOf the 4770 investigated participants with ‘incident’ prediabetes, 10.2% were managed with metformin. Participants on metformin had higher HbA1c levels at the baseline than those unexposed (mean 45 mmol/mol [6.2%] and 41 mmol/mol [5.9%], respectively), but no differences were observed at 6–12 months (mmol/mol ATE 0.0, 95% CI −0.4; 0.7) or 12–18 months (ATE −0.3, 95% CI −1.2; 0.3). However, participants on metformin had lower mean HbA1c mmol/mol at 18–24 months (ATE −1.1, 95% CI −2.0; 0.1) than those unexposed. Consistent results were observed for FBG (ATE at 6–12 months −0.14 [95% CI −0.25; −0.04], 12–18 months 0.02 [95% CI −0.08; 0.13] and 18–24 months −0.07 [95% CI −0.25; 0.12]).ConclusionThe higher HbA1c and FBG baseline levels among participants with ‘incident’ prediabetes managed with metformin improved after 6–12 months of starting pharmacological management, and the effect persisted for up to 24 months. Management with metformin could prevent further deterioration of glycaemic levels.
Cardiac proteomic profiling suggests that hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy share a common pathogenetic pathway of the calcium signalling pathway
Authors: Yang Wenjuan , Zhu Yu , Tang Fuqin , Jian Zhao , Xiao Yingbin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are classified as different diseases but have many similar pathogenic genes and clinical symptoms. Previous research has focused on mutated genes. This study was conducted to identify key molecular mechanisms and explore effective therapeutic targets.MethodsMyocardial tissue was harvested from patients with HCM (n = 3) or DCM (n = 4) during surgery. Hearts donated by healthy traffic accident victims were treated as controls (n = 4). Total proteins were extracted for liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were annotated via GO and KEGG analyses. Selected distinguishing protein abundance was confirmed by western blotting.ResultsCompared with the control group, there were 121 and 76 DEPs in the HCM and DCM groups, respectively. GO terms for these two comparisons are associated with contraction‐related components and actin binding. Additionally, the most significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins were periostin and tropomyosin alpha‐3 chain in both comparisons. Moreover, when comparing the HCM and DCM groups, we found 60 significant DEPs, and the GO and KEGG terms are related to the calcium signalling pathway. Expression of the calcium regulation–related protein peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase (FKBP1A) was significantly upregulated in multiple samples.ConclusionHCM and DCM have many mutual pathogenetic pathways. Calcium ion‐related processes are among the most significant factors affecting disease development. For HCM and DCM, research on regulating linchpin protein expression or interfering with key calcium‐related pathways may be more beneficial than genetic research.
Aquaculture‐driven evolution of the salmon louse mtDNA genome
Authors: Rutle Karoline Hasti , Skern‐Mauritzen Rasmus , Nilsen Frank , Mateos‐Rivera Alejandro , Eide Anne Grete Sørvik , Jansson Eeva , Quintela María , Besnier Francois , Allyon Fernando , Fjørtoft Helene Børretzen , Glover Kevin Alan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResistance toward the antiparasitic pyrethroid, deltamethrin, is reported in the Atlantic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis salmonis), a persistent ectoparasite of farmed and wild salmonids. The resistance mechanism is linked to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), where genetic markers for resistance have been identified. Here, we investigated how widespread pyrethroid use in aquaculture may have influenced mtDNA variation in lice, and the dispersion of resistant haplotypes across the North Atlantic, using historical (2000–2002 “pre‐resistance”) and contemporary (2014–2017 “post‐resistance”) samples. To study this, we sequenced ATPase 6 and cytochrome b, genotyped two genetic markers for deltamethrin resistance, and genotyped microsatellites as “neutral” controls of potential population bottlenecks. Overall, we observed a modest reduction in mtDNA diversity in the period 2000–2017, but no reduction in microsatellite variation was observed. The reduction in mtDNA variation was especially distinct in two of the contemporary samples, fixed for one and two haplotypes, respectively. By contrast, all historical samples consisted of close to one mtDNA haplotype per individual. No population genetic structure was detected among the historical samples for mtDNA nor microsatellites. By contrast, significant population genetic differentiation was observed for mtDNA among some of the contemporary samples. However, the observed population genetic structure was tightly linked with the pattern of deltamethrin resistance, and we therefore conclude that it primarily reflects the transient mosaic of pyrethroid usage in time and space. Two historically undetected mtDNA haplotypes dominated in the contemporary samples, both of which were linked to deltamethrin resistance, demonstrating primarily two origins of deltamethrin resistance in the North Atlantic. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the widespread use of pyrethroids in commercial aquaculture has substantially altered the patterns of mtDNA diversity in lice across the North Atlantic, and that long‐distance dispersion of resistance is rapid due to high level of genetic connectivity that is observed in this species.
Femoral B‐cell neurolymphomatosis in a horse with multicentric lymphoma
Authors: Bearth Natalie D. , Donati Brice , Beckmann Katrin , Fürst Anton E. , Suarez Jose , Polster Sabrina , Jackson Michelle A. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryAn 18‐year‐old Freiberger gelding was presented with a history of intermittent left hindlimb lameness after an acute onset 2 weeks prior to referral. The lameness had not responded to anti‐inflammatory therapy prescribed by the referring veterinarian. Physical, orthopaedic and neurological examinations revealed signs compatible with ipsilateral femoral nerve dysfunction. Transrectal sonographic examination showed a marked increase in the diameter of the left femoral nerve. The results of electromyography of the left hind quadriceps muscle were compatible with denervation attributable to neuropathy. Evaluation of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) revealed pleocytosis consisting of medium‐sized lymphocytes, 5%–10% of which were positive for CD3 and CD79a. Neoplasia was suspected and steroid therapy was started. However, exacerbation of the clinical signs occurred and the horse was euthanised. Histopathological evaluation showed neurolymphomatosis of the left femoral nerve as the cause of the lameness. Infiltration of tumour cells was also seen to a lesser extent in the right femoral nerve, spinal cord, various parts of the cardiovascular system, renal capsules, an abdominal lymph node and the subcutis of the left stifle and upper lip. Histochemical evaluation revealed 60%–70% of the neoplastic lymphocytes were positive for CD20 and CD79a and up to 40% were positive for CD3. This report describes the uniqueness of a femoral mononeuropathy as the main clinical finding of B‐cell neurolymphomatosis and multicentric lymphoma.