bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception and application of zootherapy for the management of cattle diseases occurred in northern laterite region of West Bengal, India
Authors: MANDAL SUMAN KALYAN , RAHAMAN CHOWDHURY HABIBUR 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Mandal SK, Rahaman CH. 2022. Perception and application of zootherapy for the management of cattle diseases occurred in northern laterite region of West Bengal, India. Asian J Ethnobiol 5: 12-19. The present study aims to invent the glory of traditional knowledge about zootherapy for livestock diseases in the northern laterite region of West Bengal, India. Semi-structured and open interviews were taken for data collection. Data were analyzed with statistical indices like use mention factor (UM) and use value index (UV). A total of 21 zoological specimens have been recorded. Mammals are the most common species (8 species) used in this region for livestock health care. It has been found that in 57% of cases, endo- & exoskeletal structures like bone, feather, horn, scale, shell, beak, teeth, etc., are used as ethnoveterinary medicine. Four species have been identified as the most frequently used species in the region are Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (UM=16; UV=0.12), Herpestes javanicus palustris (Ghose, 1965) (UM=12; UV=0.09), Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) (UM=11; UV=0.08) and Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) (UM=11; UV=0.08). Among the recorded species, more than 50% are enlisted in the IUCN Red List. The present study provides baseline information regarding the depth of ethnozoological knowledge and its current status in the studied area, which will further help frame some conservation strategies for the medicinally important and threatened animal species.
Quantitative detection for textured surface cracks based on cluster integration
Authors: Xu Bin , Wu Yujie , Li Jinhua , Zhang Bo , Liu Kai 
Published: January 2023

The zirconium plate is one of the essential components in nuclear reactor systems. During the manufacture of the zirconium plate, cracks occur on the surface inevitably suffering from the limitation of industrial technology, causing the failure of the zirconium plate and even leading to the leakage of nuclear fuels. Thus, the precise detection of cracks topography on zirconium plates is significant. However, when the frequency of the horizontal line structure is intensive, and the pattern of cracks is diverse, it is challenging to exactly detect and identify cracks. Therefore, the paper proposed a quantitative detection scheme, including a two-phase cluster integration strategy (TPCIS) and trunk reconstruction measurement evaluation to segment defect areas precisely and measure morphological characteristics of cracks quantitatively. In addition, this paper utilized artificial cracks as a dataset to analyze the performance of the algorithm. The adequate experiments demonstrate that the TPCIS achieves an average detection rate of 92.9%. For measuring the area, length, and width of cracks with the width of 50 µm, the proposed method can control the relative errors within 1.5%, which are of higher accuracy and stability compared with previous methods.
Eco-epidemiology of rodent-associated trombiculid mites and infection with Orientia spp. in Southern Chile
Authors: Silva de la Fuente María Carolina , Pérez Caricia , Martínez-Valdebenito Constanza , Pérez Ruth , Vial Cecilia , Stekolnikov Alexandr , Abarca Katia , Weitzel Thomas , Acosta-Jamett Gerardo 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundScrub typhus is a potentially severe infection caused by bacteria of the genusOrientia, endemic in Asia-Pacific and recently discovered in southern Chile. The presented study aimed to determine the prevalence and species richness of rodent-associated trombiculid mites and their infection withOrientiaspp. in different areas of two regions in southern Chile.Methodology/Principal findingsDuring summer 2020, trombiculid mites were collected from rodents captured in three areas in southern Chile known to be endemic for scrub typhus (Cochamó and Chiloé Island in the Los Lagos Region and Tortel in the Aysén Region). A total of 132 rodents belonging to five species were captured using Sherman-like traps; 89.4% were infested with trombiculids. Mite specimens were morphologically identified and subsequently tested byOrientia-specific qPCR. Six mite species were identified. Among chigger-infested rodents, 33.9% carriedOrientia-positive mites; this rate was higher in Tortel (63.8%) than in Cochamó (45.0%) and Chiloé Island (2.0%). The analysis of individual mites (n = 901) revealed that 31.2% ofHerpetacarus antarcticasamples (n = 202) were positive forOrientiaDNA; the prevalence was 7.0% inParatrombicula neuquenensis(n = 213), 6.9% inHerpetacarus eloisae(n = 144), 3.6% inArgentinacarus expansus(n = 55), and 0% inParatrombicula goffi(n = 110) andQuadraseta chiloensis(n = 177). The southernmost site (Tortel) showed the highest rates of trombiculid infestation, trombiculid load, andOrientiainfection in the captured rodents.Conclusions/SignificanceOur study provides new insights into the trombiculid fauna and prevalence ofOrientiain mites collected from wild rodents in southern Chile.OrientiaDNA was detected in four of the six mite species. Rates of infestation, mite loads, andOrientiaprevalences differed geographically and were highest in the Aysén Region. Our data improve our knowledge on possible vectors of scrub typhus and their distribution in Chile.
Use of multifocal electroretinograms to determine stage of glaucoma
Authors: Moroto Naoya , Nakakura Shunsuke , Tabuchi Hitoshi , Mochizuki Kiyofumi , Manabe Yusuke , Sakaguchi Hirokazu 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
To determine whether multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs) recorded with natural pupils and skin electrodes can be used to determine the stage of open angle glaucoma (OAG).

Methods
Two hundred eighteen eyes of 132 OAG patients and 62 eyes of 62 normal subjects whose best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units (20/25) or less were studied. The mean deviations (MDs) obtained by Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HFA), optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images, and mfERGs were analyzed. The glaucoma was classified into 4 stages: preperimetric glaucoma (PPG), early stage, moderate stage, and advanced stage glaucoma. The parameters of the mfERGs examined were the amplitudes of the two positive peaks (P1, P2) of the second order kernels in the nasal and temporal fields within the central 15° diameter.

Results
The mean age of all participants (patients and normals) was 63.8 ± 10.8 years. With the progression of glaucoma, the amplitudes of P1 in the nasal hemifield increased and the amplitudes of P2 decreased. The nasal to temporal ratio (N/T ratio) of the P1 amplitudes and the negative slope of the line between P1 and P2 (P1P2 Slope) in the nasal field were larger at each glaucoma stage except at the PPG stage. Both the N/T amplitude ratio and P1P2 Slope were weakly but significantly correlated with the MD (r = -0.3139, P<0.0001; r = 0.4501, P<0.0001, respectively), and the OCT parameters (all P<0.0001) except the outer layer thickness.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate that the amplitudes of P1 and P2 of the second order kernel of the mfERGs in the nasal field of the center region can be good markers for the stages of glaucoma.
Impact of surface coating and systemic anticoagulants on hemostasis and inflammation in a human whole blood model
Authors: Spiegelburg Doreen Tabea , Mannes Marco , Schultze Anke , Scheibenberger Frieder , Müller Frederik , Klitzing Amadeo , Messerer David Alexander Christian , Nilsson Ekdahl Kristina , Nilsson Bo , Huber-Lang Markus , Braun Christian Karl 
Published: January 2023

Background
Surface compatibility with blood is critical both for scientific investigations on hemostasis and clinical applications. Regarding in vitro and ex vivo investigations, minimal alteration in physiological hemostasis is of particular importance to draw reliable conclusions on the human coagulation system. At the same time, artificial coagulation activation must be avoided, which is relevant for the patient, for example to prevent stent graft occlusion. The aim was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of antithrombotic and antifouling surface coatings in the context of their suitability for ex vivo incubation and the study of coagulation properties.

Methods
We investigated the impact of different protocols for surface coating of synthetic material and different anticoagulants on hemostasis and platelet activation in ex vivo human whole blood.
Blood samples from healthy donors were incubated in coated microtubes on a rotating wheel at 37°C. Two protocols for surface coating were analyzed for hemostatic parameters and metabolic status, a heparin-based coating (CHC, Corline Heparin Conjugate) without further anticoagulation and a passivating coating (MPC, 2-methacryloyloxethyl phosphorylcholine) with added anticoagulants (enoxaparin, ENOX; or fondaparinux, FPX). Employing the MPC-based coating, the anticoagulants enoxaparin and fondaparinux were compared regarding their differential effects on plasmatic coagulation by thrombelastometry and on platelet activation by flowcytometry and platelet function assays.

Results
Using the CHC coating, significant coagulation cascade activation was observed, whereas parameters remained mostly unchanged with MPC-based protocols. Extended incubation caused significantly elevated levels of the soluble membrane attack complex. Neither ENOX nor FPX caused a relevant impairment of platelet function or activation capacity and thrombelastometric parameters remained unchanged with both protocols. For translational purposes, we additionally modeled endotoxemia with the MPC-based protocols by incubating with lipopolysaccharide plus/minus thrombin. While coagulation parameters remained unchanged, elevated Interleukin 8 and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 demonstrated preserved immune cell responsiveness.

Conclusions
The MPC-based protocols demonstrated better hemocompatibility compared to CHC, and ENOX and FPX proved useful for additional anticoagulation. Furthermore, this simple-to-use whole blood model may be useful for experimental analyses of the early coagulatory and immunological response without decalcification.
Attitude toward end-of-life care in emergency medicine residents- can a short workshop make a difference?
Authors: Sadigh Nader , Seyedhosseini Javad , Tahmasebi Mamak , Shirani Farzaneh 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThere is a growing demand for palliative care (PC) in Emergency departments (ED) as the number of patients who need end-of-life (EOL) care is increasing. Despite significant variability amongst residency programs, there is a lack of structured core curriculum for PC/EOL care in most emergency medicine (EM) training programs, which often do not meet the needs of EM physicians. In this study, we evaluate the effect of a short EOL care workshop on changing the attitude of Iranian EM residents towards EOL care in ED.MethodIn this prospective before/after educational study at Tehran University of medical science, we enrolled 40 EM residents using a random sampling method. We obtained demographic and practice background information, and participants underwent a half-day PC training workshop designed by an expert panel. We administered a translated and validated Standard PEAS (physician End of Life Care Attitude Scale) questionnaire before and four weeks after an educational intervention. Baseline and differences in attitude were reported and compared by paired t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and ANOVA.ResultsNone of the participants had prior experience of formal PC training. All of the 40 participants completed the follow-up questionnaire. Baseline attitude was not different among demographic groups. The mean (SD) PEAS score before and four weeks after the workshop was 86.9 (5.8) versus 89(6.9), respectively (P = 0.023). Residents with no previous close exposure to a terminal illness in their family members had significantly more attitude change than those with such an experience (P = 0.045).ConclusionA brief educational intervention improved EM residents’ attitudes toward EOL care. The optimal design and characteristics of this educational intervention yet remain to be defined by further studies.
Social isolation as a risk factor for all-cause mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Naito Ryo , McKee Martin , Leong Darryl , Bangdiwala Shrikant , Rangarajan Sumathy , Islam Shofiqul , Yusuf Salim 
Published: January 2023

Background
Although several epidemiological studies have linked social isolation to increased risk of mortality, the magnitude of any effect is unclear, in part because of the use of different measures of social isolation.

Objective
To examine the association between social isolation and all-cause mortality and investigate whether it differs in various subgroups or populations.

Data sources
We searched for relevant studies in electronic databases: MEDLINE (1946 to December 31, 2021), EMBASE (1974 to December 31, 2021), and PsycINFO (1806 to December 31, 2021).

Selection criteria
We included both prospective and retrospective cohort studies that examined the association between social isolation and all-cause mortality among adults.

Data collection and analysis
Two reviewers screened and extracted data independently. We contacted study authors to obtain missing information whenever possible. Data were pooled using a random effect model to calculate estimates of the effects of social isolation on all-cause mortality.

Results
Data from studies involving 1.30 million individuals were included. The pooled hazard ratio of social isolation for all-cause mortality was 1.33 (95% confidence interval; 1.26–1.41, heterogeneity: Chi² = 112.51, P < 0.00001, I² = 76%).

Conclusion
Social isolation is associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42020152351).
El discurso de odio islamófobo en las redes sociales. Un análisis de las actitudes ante la islamofobia en Twitter
Authors: Fuentes-Lara Cristina , Arcila-Calderón Carlos 
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar el discurso de odio por islamofobia en España mediante el análisis de los mensajes de la red social Twitter. En la actualidad, la forma de comunicarnos ha girado hacia una comunicación digital en la que tienen cabida la desinformación y las fake news. Además, todo esto se retroalimenta del enfoque comunicativo de la posverdad donde priman las emociones por encima de los hechos contrastados. La migración y, concretamente, la islamofobia se ve incrementada por acontecimientos puntuales como atentados yihadistas en Europa, y por otros más sistémicos como los niños, niñas y adolescentes migrantes no acompañados en redes sociales. La metodología que se ha seguido en esta investigación es el análisis de contenido por medio de los mensajes de Twitter desde 2012 hasta 2021. Se han analizado más de 7.000 tuits que hacían referencia a hashtag islamófobos, y se han codificado -intercode- teniendo en cuenta las variables relacionadas con la temática. Posteriormente, se ha hecho un análisis estadístico univariante, bivariante y multivariante. Los resultados de la investigación muestran la existencia de un discurso de odio islamófobo en España diferencia en distintas posturas de islamofobia. Discusión: Existen tres perfiles en la sociedad española en relación con la islamofobia, estos son los ambivalentes, los no islamófobos y los islamófobos. Las principales conclusiones de esta investigación muestran la existencia de un discurso de odio centrado en la islamofobia; en el que se diferencian tres perfiles de actitudes ante la islamofobia: favorables, contrarios y ambivalentes.
The role of driver models in testing highly-automated driving: a survey
Authors: Lemmer Markus , Schwab Stefan , Hohmann Sören 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA particular challenge in the development of highly-automated driving functions is the validation of these systems. A possible approach to cope with the validation effort is the use of simulations. Thereby, simulators can be used in various aspects of the validation process. For a meaningful application of simulators, individual aspects of reality are replaced by models. Based on an analysis of the different use cases, the various driver models from the state-of-art will be examined in this article with regard to their conceptual suitability for safeguarding highly automated driving functions.
Echtzeitfähige Modellierung eines innovativen Drückwalzprozesses für die eigenschaftsgeregelte Bauteilfertigung
Authors: Kersting Lukas , Arian Bahman , Rozo Vasquez Julian , Trächtler Ansgar , Homberg Werner , Walther Frank 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Aufgrund aktueller Transformationsprozesse kommt der automatisierten und ressourceneffizienten Fertigung hochfester Leichtbauteile eine steigende Bedeutung zu, beispielsweise im Flugzeug- und Fahrzeugbau. Für kleine Losgrößen bietet sich hier insbesondere das Fertigungsverfahren des Drückwalzens an. Der konventionelle, industriell genutzte Drückwalzprozess stößt allerdings aufgrund der Prozesskomplexität hinsichtlich der Reproduzierbarkeit an seine Grenzen. Dies wird in der Praxis teilweise durch personengebundenes Erfahrungswissen kompensiert. Auch ist es nicht möglich, Bauteileigenschaften definiert einzustellen. Aus diesem Grund bietet der Einsatz einer neuartigen Eigenschaftsregelung Chancen zur Weiterentwicklung des Fertigungsprozesses und die Möglichkeit zur Prozessautomatisierung. Hier werden die Werkzeugbahnen abhängig einer Online-Eigenschaftsmessung über eine zusätzliche Reglerkaskade manipuliert. Die Entwicklung einer solchen Eigenschaftsregelung erfordert den Einsatz geeigneter, modellbasierter Entwurfsmethoden. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein regelungstechnisches Systemmodell für das Drückwalzen metastabiler austenitischer Edelstähle vorgestellt. Das Simulationsmodell weist aufgrund seiner Echtzeitfähigkeit neben dem Einsatz als reines Entwurfsmodell weitere Nutzungsmöglichkeiten z.B. in Beobachtern auf und grenzt sich somit von domänenspezifischen Simulationstools wie der FEM ab.
Unbounded repetition, habituality, and aspect from a comparative perspective
Authors: Fortuin Egbert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the relationship between habituals, including expressions of unbounded repetition, and verbal aspect. It is often assumed that past events that are conceptualized as habitually occurring or repeated in an unbounded way are inherently expressed by imperfective verb forms in languages with verbal aspect. A crosslinguistic analysis is provided of the relationship between habituals and the perfective and imperfective aspect, based on analysis of 36 languages from different language families. It is shown that there is a strong but certainly not absolute association between the imperfective and habitual constructions/expressions of unbounded repetition with past reference. With respect to perfective habituals, some crosslinguistic patterns can be found. It is further argued that any account of the specific aspectual behavior in habituals must take heed of language-specific properties of the aspectual-verbal structure, and that using general, abstract comparative concepts, such as ‘perfective’, ‘imperfective’, or ‘habitual’, is insufficient to explain aspectual usage.
“Miss, our clothes are clean:” contesting liminality in Lebanese kindergarten classrooms
Authors: Abu El-Haj Thea Renda , Chatila Samira 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Across the world, optimistic educational policy discourses promote early childhood education as a key strategy for combating poverty and for building bright futures for the most vulnerable members of society. Viewed from the ground up, this picture of early childhood education as a path to bright futures for all children is often belied by political and economic entrenchments. This article draws on a four-year ethnographic study of multiple classrooms in one Lebanese public kindergarten school that serves the most vulnerable children in Lebanon – Lebanese, Syrian, and Palestinian children who face daily the insecurities of poverty, displacement, and political violence. Drawing on anthropological theory that illustrates how social identities forged at the level of historical timescales are constructed and contested at the microlevel of everyday life, we pay particular attention to spatio-temporal liminal contexts within which children renounce productions of their own, their peers’, and their families’ marginality.
Deep learning in distributed denial-of-service attacks detection method for Internet of Things networks
Authors: Aswad Firas Mohammed , Ahmed Ali Mohammed Saleh , Alhammadi Nafea Ali Majeed , Khalaf Bashar Ahmad , Mostafa Salama A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the rapid growth of informatics systems’ technology in this modern age, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become more valuable and vital to everyday life in many ways. IoT applications are now more popular than they used to be due to the availability of many gadgets that work as IoT enablers, including smartwatches, smartphones, security cameras, and smart sensors. However, the insecure nature of IoT devices has led to several difficulties, one of which is distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. IoT systems have several security limitations due to their disreputability characteristics, like dynamic communication between IoT devices. The dynamic communications resulted from the limited resources of these devices, such as their data storage and processing units. Recently, many attempts have been made to develop intelligent models to protect IoT networks against DDoS attacks. The main ongoing research issue is developing a model capable of protecting the network from DDoS attacks that is sensitive to various classes of DDoS and can recognize legitimate traffic to avoid false alarms. Subsequently, this study proposes combining three deep learning algorithms, namely recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM)-RNN, and convolutional neural network (CNN), to build a bidirectional CNN-BiLSTM DDoS detection model. The RNN, CNN, LSTM, and CNN-BiLSTM are implemented and tested to determine the most effective model against DDoS attacks that can accurately detect and distinguish DDoS from legitimate traffic. The intrusion detection evaluation dataset (CICIDS2017) is used to provide more realistic detection. The CICIDS2017 dataset includes benign and up-to-date examples of typical attacks, closely matching real-world data of Packet Capture. The four models are tested and assessed using Confusion Metrix against four commonly used criteria: accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure. The performance of the models is quite effective as they obtain an accuracy rate of around 99.00%, except for the CNN model, which achieves an accuracy of 98.82%. The CNN-BiLSTM achieves the best accuracy of 99.76% and precision of 98.90%.