bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long working hours and risk of hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage among Japanese workers claiming compensation for overwork-related intracerebral haemorrhage: an unmatched case–control study
Authors: Morita Yusaku , Yoshikawa Toru , Takahashi Masaya 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesOverwork-related cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVDs) constitute a major occupational and public health issue worldwide. However, to our knowledge, few studies have reported the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. We aimed to determine whether patients with extreme workload have a greater risk of developing hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) located in the deep brain areas than patients without extreme workload. We also determined the association between the number of hours of overtime work and the risk of developing hypertensive ICH.DesignUnmatched case–control study.SettingDatabase of patients claiming compensation for overwork-related CCVDs in Japan.ParticipantsA total of 1215 patients who claimed overwork-related ICH in Japan, of whom 621 had their compensation claim approved (patients with extreme workload) and 622 did not.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLogistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the risk of developing hypertensive ICH in patients with extreme workload compared with those without extreme workload, adjusted for confounders such as age, occupation, smoking status, alcohol consumption and medical history. We also calculated the risk of developing hypertensive ICH in compensated patients by average monthly overtime working hours.ResultsPatients with extreme workloads had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for developing hypertensive ICH (1.44, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.88) than those without extreme workloads. ORs for developing hypertensive ICH according to overtime working hours showed a dose−response relationship; an overtime of 100 hours/month was associated with a significantly higher OR (1.31, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.91; 1.41, 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.11; and 1.50, 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.22 for 60–79.9, 80–99.9 and≥100 hours/month, respectively) than that for workloads of less than 60 hours/month.ConclusionsRegarding Japanese workers, overtime work could be associated with the risk of developing hypertensive ICH, and hypertension may play an important role in overwork-related ICH.
Opportunities and challenges for decentralised clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative study
Authors: Nebie Eric I , Sawadogo Hélène N , van Eeuwijk Peter , Signorell Aita , Reus Elisabeth , Utzinger Juerg , Burri Christian 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionDigital health has gained traction in research and development, and clinical decision support systems. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of decentralised clinical trials (DCTs) as a mitigation and efficiency improvement strategy. We assessed the opportunities and challenges of a digital transformation in clinical research in sub-Saharan Africa from different stakeholders’ perspectives.MethodsA qualitative study, including 40 in-depth semi structured interviews, was conducted with investigators of three leading research institutions in sub-Saharan Africa and Switzerland, contract research organisations and sponsors managing clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa. A thematic approach was used for the analysis.ResultsInterviewees perceived DCTs as an opportunity for trial efficiency improvement, quality improvement and reducing the burden of people participating in clinical trials. However, to gain and maintain an optimal quality of clinical trials, a transition period is necessary to tackle contextual challenges before DCTs are being implemented. The main challenges are categorised into four themes: (1) usability and practicability of the technology; (2) paradigm shift and trial data quality; (3) ethical and regulatory hurdles and (4) contextual factors (site-specific research environment and sociocultural aspects).ConclusionThe transformation from a site to a patient-centric model with an increased responsibility of participants should be context adapted. The transformation requires substantial investment, training of the various stakeholders and an efficient communication. Additionally, commitment of sponsors, investigators, ethics and regulatory authorities and the buy-in of the communities are essential for this change.
Income inequality and ‘hospitalisations of despair’ in Canada: a study on longitudinal, population-based data
Authors: Benny Claire , Siddiqi Arjumand , Pabayo Roman 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundRates of drug overdoses, alcohol-related liver disease and suicide attempts represent a major public health burden in Canada. While the existing literature does highlight some evidence of association between income inequality and mental health and deaths of despair, no existing research has investigated more intermediate events. As such, the objective of the current study is to investigate the association between income inequality and hospitalisations of despair over time.MethodsData from the 2006 Canadian Census, the 2007/2008 Canadian Community Health Survey and the 2007–2018 Discharge Abstract Database were linked. Data were analysed using Cox proportional hazards modelling accounting for robust standard errors at the area level to investigate associations between income inequality at baseline and hazards for hospitalisations of despair, hospitalisations attributable to drug overdose, alcohol-related liver disease and suicide attempts, and all-cause hospitalisations, while controlling for sociodemographics characteristics (including income) and relevant area-level variables.ResultsThe results highlighted statistically significant associations between income inequality and hazard of hospitalisations of despair (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.80), hospitalisations related to drug overdose (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.13) and all-cause hospitalisations (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.30). The association between income inequality and hospitalisations related to alcohol-related liver disease and suicide attempts/self-harm were not statistically significant.ConclusionOverall, the results showed evidence of associations between income inequality and hospitalisations of despair, drug overdose-related hospitalisations and all-cause hospitalisations. These findings are applicable to upstream policy discussion regarding reducing income inequality and identify potential points of intervention for prevention of drug overdose, alcohol-related liver disease and suicide attempts/self-harm.
Impact of a selective lens dose reduction protocol in 3D rotational angiography on radiation exposure to the eye lens during cerebral angiography: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ryu Jae-Chan , Yoon Jong-Tae , Kim Byung Jun , Kim Mi Hyeon , Moon Eun Ji , Suh Pae Sun , Roh Yun Hwa , Moon Hye Hyeon , Kwon Boseong , Lee Deok Hee , Song Yunsun 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the radiation dose to the eye lens (lens dose) during cerebral angiography and to evaluate the effectiveness of the lens dose reduction protocol for 3-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) in reducing overall lens dose exposure.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial at a tertiary hospital with patients undergoing cerebral angiography. The lens dose reduction protocol in 3D-RA involved raising the table to position the patient’s eye lens away from the rotation axis. The lens dose was estimated by measuring the entrance surface air kerma using a photoluminescent glass dosimeter. The lens doses of 3D-RA, overall examination, and image quality were analyzed and compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 20 participants (mean age, 58±9.4 years; including 12 men [60%]) were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the conventional group or the dose reduction group. The median lens dose in 3D-RA was significantly lower in the dose reduction group compared with the conventional group (1.1 mGy vs 4.5 mGy, p<0.001). The total dose was significantly lower in the dose reduction group (median of 7.5 mGy vs 10.2 mGy, p=0.003). In the conventional group, 3D-RA accounted for 46% of the total lens dose, while in the dose reduction group, its proportion decreased to 16%. No significant differences were observed in the image quality between the groups.ConclusionThe lens dose reduction protocol resulted in a significant reduction in the lens dose of the 3D-RA as well as entire cerebral angiography, while maintaining the image quality.
CFT correlators and CP-violating trace anomalies
Authors: Corianò Claudio , Lionetti Stefano , Maglio Matteo Maria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe analyze the parity-odd correlators $$\langle JJO\rangle _{odd},$$

⟨
J
J
O
⟩

odd

,

$$\langle JJT\rangle _{odd},$$

⟨
J
J
T
⟩

odd

,

$$\langle TTO\rangle _{odd}$$

⟨
T
T
O
⟩

odd

and $$\langle TTT\rangle _{odd}$$

⟨
T
T
T
⟩

odd

in momentum space, constrained by conformal Ward identities, extending our former investigation of the parity-odd chiral anomaly vertex. We investigate how the presence of parity-odd trace anomalies affect such correlators. Motivations for this study come from holography, early universe cosmology and from a recent debate on the chiral trace anomaly of a Weyl fermion. In the current CFT analysis, O can be either a scalar or a pseudoscalar operator and it can be identified with the trace of the stress–energy tensor. We find that the $$\langle JJO\rangle _{odd}$$

⟨
J
J
O
⟩

odd

and $$\langle TTO\rangle _{odd}$$

⟨
T
T
O
⟩

odd

can be different from zero in a CFT. This occurs when the conformal dimension of the scalar operator is $$\Delta _3=4,$$

Δ
3

=
4
,

as in the case of $$O=T^{\mu }_{\mu }.$$

O
=

T
μ
μ

.

Moreover, if we assume the existence of parity-odd trace anomalies, the conformal $$\langle JJT\rangle _{odd}$$

⟨
J
J
T
⟩

odd

and $$\langle TTT\rangle _{odd}$$

⟨
T
T
T
⟩

odd

are nonzero. In particular, in the case of $$\langle JJT\rangle _{odd}$$

⟨
J
J
T
⟩

odd

the transverse–traceless component is constrained to vanish, and the correlator is determined only by the trace part with the anomaly pole.
Theory of gravitational lensing on a curved cosmic string
Authors: Bulygin Igor I. , Sazhin Mikhail V. , Sazhina Olga S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is discussed in detail the complete mathematical model of gravitational lensing on a single cosmic string (CS) of general shape and position with respect to the line of sight. CS are one-dimensional extended objects assuredly predicted by modern cosmology. The presence of CS changes the global geometry of the Universe, could clarify the properties of the early Universe, including inflation models, and could serve as a unique proof of higher-dimensional theories. Despite the fact that CS have not yet been reliable detected, there are several strong independent indications of the existence of the CS, based of CMB analysis and search of gravitational lens chains with special properties (The recent new indication of the existence of the CSs is the nHz gravitational waves in the NANOGrav and other PTA Collaborations data.) However, early considered models of straight CS presented only a small fraction of the general CS-configurations to be observed. Now we propose model which could significantly increase the possibilities of CS observational search. It is considered more realistic models have necessarily include the inclinations and bends of the CS. Besides, the recent analysis of observational data on the search for gravitational-lens candidates, shows a large number of pairs that could be explained by the complex geometry of the CS.
$$\tau _{B_{s}}/\tau _{B_{d}}$$ and $$\Delta \Gamma _{s}$$ confront new physics in $$b\rightarrow s\tau \tau $$
Authors: Bordone Marzia , Navarro Mario Fernández 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeveral new physics scenarios that address anomalies in B-physics predict an enhancement of $$b \rightarrow s \tau \tau $$

b
→
s
τ
τ

with respect to its Standard Model prediction. Such scenarios necessarily imply modifications of the lifetime ratio $$\tau _{B_{s}}/\tau _{B_{d}}$$

τ

B
s

/

τ

B
d

and the lifetime difference $$\Delta \Gamma _{s}$$

Δ

Γ
s

. In this work, we explore indirect bounds provided by these observables over new physics scenarios. We also estimate future projections, showing that future experimental and theoretical improvements on both $$\tau _{B_{s}}/\tau _{B_{d}}$$

τ

B
s

/

τ

B
d

and $$\Delta \Gamma _{s}$$

Δ

Γ
s

have the potential to provide bounds competitive with those directly extracted from $$b\rightarrow s \tau \tau $$

b
→
s
τ
τ

transitions. After performing a model-independent analysis, we apply our results to the particular case of leptoquark mediators proposed to address the $$R_{D^{(*)}}$$

R

D

(

∗
)

anomalies.
Unraveling the puzzle of slow components in gaseous argon of two-phase detectors for dark matter searches using Thick Gas Electron Multiplier
Authors: Buzulutskov A. , Frolov E. , Borisova E. , Nosov V. , Oleynikov V. , Sokolov A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe effect of proportional electroluminescence (EL) is used to record the primary ionization signal (S2) in the gas phase of two-phase argon detectors for dark matter particle (WIMP) searches and low-energy neutrino experiments. Our previous studies of EL time properties revealed the presence of two unusual slow components in S2 signal of two-phase argon detector, with time constants of about 4–5 $$\upmu $$
μ
s and 50 $$\upmu $$
μ
s. The puzzle of slow components is that their time constants and contributions to the overall signal increase with electric field (starting from a certain threshold), which cannot be explained by any of the known mechanisms of photon and electron emission in two-phase media. There are indications that these slow components result from delayed electrons, temporarily trapped during their drift in the EL gap on metastable negative argon ions of yet unknown nature. In this work, this hypothesis is confirmed by studying the time properties of electroluminescence in a Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) coupled to the EL gap of two-phase argon detector. In particular, an unusual slow component in EL signal, similar to that observed in the EL gap, was observed in THGEM itself. In addition, with the help of THGEM operated in electron multiplication mode, the slow component was observed directly in the charge signal, confirming the effect of trapped electrons in S2 signal. These results will help to unravel the puzzle of slow components in two-phase argon detectors and thus to understand the background in low-mass WIMP searches.
Controlling AI
Authors: Marcus Gary 
Published: September 2023

The
Communications
website, https://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

twitter

Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM
https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
Gary Marcus considers it appropriate that governments are stepping up on artificial intelligence, but finds some of the resulting signals deeply worrisome.
Fructose-Induced mTORC1 Activation Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression through Inhibition of Autophagy
Authors: Cui Yanfen , Tian Jianfei , Wang Zhaosong , Guo Hui , Zhang He , Wang Zhiyong , Liu Hui , Song Weijie , Liu Liming , Tian Ruinan , Zuo Xiaoyan , Ren Sixin , Niu Ruifang , Zhang Fei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Excessive fructose intake is associated with the occurrence, progression, and poor prognosis of various tumors. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the functions of fructose in cancer could facilitate the development of better treatment and prevention strategies. In this study, we investigated the functional association between fructose utilization and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. Fructose could be taken up and metabolized by PDAC cells and provided an adaptive survival mechanism for PDAC cells under glucose-deficient conditions. GLUT5-mediated fructose metabolism maintained the survival, proliferation, and invasion capacities of PDAC cells in vivo and in vitro. Fructose metabolism not only provided ATP and biomass to PDAC cells but also conferred metabolic plasticity to the cells, making them more adaptable to the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, fructose activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)–mTORC1 signaling pathway to inhibit glucose deficiency-induced autophagic cell death. Moreover, the fructose-specific transporter GLUT5 was highly expressed in PDAC tissues and was an independent marker of disease progression in patients with PDAC. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of fructose in promoting PDAC progression and offer potential strategies for targeting metabolism to treat PDAC.

Significance:
Fructose activates AMPK–mTORC1 signaling to inhibit autophagy-mediated cell death in pancreatic cancer cells caused by glucose deficiency, facilitating metabolic adaptation to the tumor microenvironment and supporting tumor growth.
Galectin-3 Cooperates with CD47 to Suppress Phagocytosis and T-cell Immunity in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastases
Authors: Fan Yibo , Song Shumei , Li Yuan , Dhar Shilpa S. , Jin Jiankang , Yoshimura Katsuhiro , Yao Xiaodan , Wang Ruiping , Scott Ailing W. , Pizzi Melissa Pool , Wu Jingjing , Ma Lang , Calin George A. , Hanash Samir , Wang Linghua , Curran Michael , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The peritoneal cavity is a common site of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) metastasis. Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is resistant to current therapies and confers poor prognosis, highlighting the need to identify new therapeutic targets. CD47 conveys a “don't eat me” signal to myeloid cells upon binding its receptor signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), which helps tumor cells circumvent macrophage phagocytosis and evade innate immune responses. Previous studies demonstrated that the blockade of CD47 alone results in limited clinical benefits, suggesting that other target(s) might need to be inhibited simultaneously with CD47 to elicit a strong antitumor response. Here, we found that CD47 was highly expressed on malignant PC cells, and elevated CD47 was associated with poor prognosis. Galectin-3 (Gal3) expression correlated with CD47 expression, and coexpression of Gal3 and CD47 was significantly associated with diffuse type, poor differentiation, and tumor relapse. Depletion of Gal3 reduced expression of CD47 through inhibition of c-Myc binding to the CD47 promoter. Furthermore, injection of Gal3–deficient tumor cells into either wild-type and Lgals3−/− mice led to a reduction in M2 macrophages and increased T-cell responses compared with Gal3 wild-type tumor cells, indicating that tumor cell–derived Gal3 plays a more important role in GAC progression and phagocytosis than host-derived Gal3. Dual blockade of Gal3 and CD47 collaboratively suppressed tumor growth, increased phagocytosis, repolarized macrophages, and boosted T-cell immune responses. These data uncovered that Gal3 functions together with CD47 to suppress phagocytosis and orchestrate immunosuppression in GAC with PC, which supports exploring a novel combination therapy targeting Gal3 and CD47.

Significance:
Dual inhibition of CD47 and Gal3 enhances tumor cell phagocytosis and reprograms macrophages to overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment and suppress tumor growth in peritoneal metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma.
Glioma Response to IDH Inhibition: Real-World Experience
Authors: Lukas Rimas V. , Horbinski Craig 
Published: September 2023

SummaryTreatment of IDH-mutated non-enhancing grade 2 and 3 diffuse gliomas with ivosidenib leads to reduction of tumor size when assessed via volumetric MRI. Isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibition has a therapeutic benefit in patients with these tumors.See related article by Kamson et al., p. 4863
Fetal Exposure to Preeclampsia and Later Risk of Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Paramsothy Abira , Hegvik Tor-Arne , Engeland Anders , Bjørge Tone , Egeland Grace M. , Klungsøyr Kari 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
Fetal preeclampsia exposure has been associated with later cardiometabolic disease. However, this association has been investigated in few large population-wide studies, and it is unknown whether the association represents a causal relationship or is the result of shared etiological factors.

METHODS:
To further investigate the relationship between preeclampsia exposure and later cardiometabolic disease, we identified 1 692 944 singleton infants born in Norway during 1967 to 1997, where 44 299 were exposed to preeclampsia in utero. The individuals were followed for hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia as defined by dispensed medication. We used Cox regression models to calculate the association between preeclampsia exposure and cardiometabolic outcomes adjusting for measured confounders. We also used full sibling comparisons and stratified Cox regression to control for unmeasured familial confounders.

RESULTS:
On the population level, exposed individuals had increased risk of hypertension (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.51 [95% CI, 1.41–1.63]), diabetes (aHR 1.33 [95% CI, 1.24-1.43], and dyslipidemia (aHR 1.28 [95% CI, 1.13–1.45]) compared with unexposed individuals. In sibling data, individuals not exposed to preeclampsia, but with an exposed sibling, had higher risk of hypertension and diabetes than individuals where no siblings were exposed to preeclampsia. Moreover, when comparing siblings discordant on preeclampsia exposure, there were no associations between preeclampsia and hypertension (aHR 1.05 [95% CI, 0.88–1.26]), diabetes (aHR 0.96 [95% CI, 0.80–1.14]), and dyslipidemia (aHR 0.86 [95% CI, 0.62–1.20]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Fetal preeclampsia exposure was associated with adult life hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, but these associations were likely due to shared etiological factors, rather than exposure to the preeclamptic condition itself.
Public Schools and Their Pensions: How Is Pension Spending Affecting U.S. School Districts?
Authors: Anzia Sarah F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
State and local government decisions about how school funding is raised and allocated have profound impacts on American public education, and in recent years, experts have documented large increases in one type of spending in particular: public pensions. Because most data on school district pension expenditures are at the state level, it has so far been difficult to assess what changes local school districts have made in response. In this paper, I analyze a new dataset of the annual pension expenditures of approximately 200 unified school districts across the United States from 2005 to 2016. Consistent with findings in the literature, I find that pension expenditures rose in real terms in most of them, but also that there has been significant variation in that growth. Moreover, in a descriptive analysis, I find that larger within-district pension expenditure growth is associated with (1) greater revenue growth in the subsequent year and (2) reductions in school district employment, mainly through reductions in the number of non-teaching staff. Finally, there is evidence that districts’ responses to rising pension expenditures may depend on state political institutions, in particular whether the states have mandatory collective bargaining for teachers.