bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the effects of environmental and geographic distances on lizard assemblages in Amazonian forests
Authors: Peixoto Gabriela Marques , de Fraga Rafael , Magnusson William Ernest , Leitão Pedro Henrique , Kaefer Igor Luis , Lima Albertina Pimentel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimDistinguishing ecological and evolutionary processes that structure assemblages can provide a comprehensive vision of the variation in species turnover in heterogeneous regions. However, the causes of spatial variation in organism assemblies in most of the Amazon still require further studies. In view of this, our objective was to determine the relative roles of species interactions, categorical and continuous environmental filters and isolation by distance in the taxonomic and functional composition of lizard assemblages.LocationAmazonian rainforest.TaxonLacertilia.MethodsWe sampled 14 sites along 880 km in the Madeira‐Purus interfluvial region, central‐south‐western Amazonia. We used multiple linear models applied to distance matrices, spatial correlograms and partitioned variance to distinguish the effects of geographical distances from environmental distances on lizard assemblages. Additionally, to better understand the effects of environmental gradients and forest type on species traits, we used a combination of RLQ and fourth‐corner analysis.ResultsVariance in taxonomic distance was mainly explained by a continuous environmental gradient that selects different species. Although we found no evidence of overdispersion or clustering of traits, functional distance was mainly explained by forest type and precipitation. The weak effect of geographical distance on lizard assemblages suggests that different environmental conditions have selected distinct subsets of species and functional traits.Main ConclusionsWe showed that the structural heterogeneity along an environmental gradient in Amazonia has a significant impact on the taxonomic and functional composition of lizard assemblages. Environmental filtering along the interfluvial region has caused species turnover and determined differences in the functional characteristics found between assemblages in dense and open forests. These results are relevant for conservation since local species or trait subsets change across the landscape and are therefore irreplaceable in the case of local extinction.
Evolutionary history and patterns of divergence in three tropical east Asian squirrels across the Isthmus of Kra
Authors: Hinckley Arlo , Hawkins Melissa T. R. , Maldonado Jesús E. , Leonard Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimUnderstanding the biotic and abiotic mechanisms underlying the generation and maintenance of biogeographic transitions represent long‐standing topics in evolutionary biology. The Isthmus of Kra (IOK) divides Sundaland and Indochina and constitutes a poorly characterized terrestrial biogeographic transition. Here we looked at population genetic structure of three species that are distributed across the IOK to gain insights into the drivers that have shaped this transition and regional diversification patterns.LocationTropical east Asia: Sundaland and Indochina.TaxaCallosciurus caniceps, Tamiops mcclellandii, and Dremomys rufigenis‐ornatus species complex (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae).MethodsWe generated complete mitogenomes and sequences of 11 nuclear intron fragments from 61 and 67 museum specimen samples, respectively. We assessed population structure by constructing Maximum Likelihood mitogenome phylogenies (IQTREE2), and nuclear marker haplowebs and conspecificity matrices (HaplowebMaker and CoMa). We estimated divergence dates through Bayesian phylogenetic inference (BEAST2) and put these results in the context of climatic and geological history.ResultsHigh levels of mitochondrial and nuclear divergence were identified across the IOK in all three squirrels. Lineage turnover was consistent with the two major mammal species distribution transitions near the Kangar‐Pattani Line and at the juncture between the Thai‐Malay peninsula and the mainland. Divergence of mitochondrial lineages across Kra was estimated in the late Pliocene/ early Pleistocene for all three taxa. Older Miocene/Pliocene divergences were estimated within Indochina in D. rufigenis‐ornatus and T. mcclellandii, which were paraphyletic.Main ConclusionsSundaic and Indochinese populations have possibly diverged in allopatric habitat refugia in or around mountains during periods of increased aridity and evergreen forest contraction. Ecological differences and/or topography might have influenced genetic differentiation during periods of rainforest expansion. Alternative hypotheses remain to be tested with more informative nuclear markers and additional geographic sampling.
Environmental abundances of the non‐native round gobyNeogobius melanostomusinfluence feeding of native fish predators
Authors: Herlevi Heidi , Wallin Kihlberg Isa , Aarnio Katri , Bonsdorff Erik , Florin Ann‐Britt , Ljung Andreas , Lundström Karl , Mattila Johanna , Östman Örjan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe authors assessed the importance of the round gobyNeogobius melanostomusas prey for three native predatory fish species, Atlantic codGadus morhua, European perchPerca fluviatilisand northern pikeEsox lucius, in a northern and southern area of the Baltic Proper, using a combination of visual analysis and DNA metabarcoding of predator stomach contents. To explore the influence of environmental abundances ofN. melanostomuson predation, they related the occurrence ofN. melanostomusin predator diets to its abundance in survey fishing.Gadus morhuaandE. luciusin the southern area showed the highest tendency to feed onN. melanostomuswhen it was abundant, asN. melanostomusoccurred in up to 100% of stomachs and constituted up to 88% of the total diet volume proportion. The diet contribution ofN. melanostomuswas associated withN. melanostomusabundances forG. morhuaandE. lucius, and whenN. melanostomuswas abundant, these predators exhibited lower prey richness and a higher degree of piscivory.G. morhuaandP. fluviatilisalso fed less on crustacean prey whenN. melanostomuswas abundant. The high importance ofN. melanostomusin diets of native fish predators may modify indirect interactions betweenN. melanostomusand native prey species in invaded coastal communities.
The Indian Child Welfare Act during the Brackeen years
Authors: Fort Kathryn E. , Smith Adrian T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrom 2017 through 2022, while the Indian Child Welfare Act (“ICWA”) was under direct constitutional attack from Texas, state courts around the country continued hearing appeals on ICWA with virtually no regard for the decision‐making happening in Haaland v. Brackeen in the federal courts. For practitioners following or working on both sets of cases, this duality felt surreal, as they practiced their daily work under an existential threat. The data in this article draw from the authors' previous publications providing annual updates on ICWA appeals, and now include cases through 2021. It provides a description of appellate data trends across this time period, as well as for each year, while also highlighting key appellate decisions from jurisdictions across the country. Perhaps what this article demonstrates more than any single thing is the amount that ICWA is a part of child welfare practitioners' daily lives now, in a way that will be difficult to upend, regardless of the Supreme Court's ultimate decision.
Looking for a system with its head and heart in balance: Using institutional analysis to assess Indian child welfare act implementation in Saint Louis County, Minnesota
Authors: Bussey Bree , Erickson Mark , Gatowski Sophia , Woods Maren , Eng Denise , Watson Amanda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince the passage of the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), state and county human service systems have struggled to implement its provisions in a manner that incorporates the spirit and the letter of the law. This article provides a descriptive overview of a jurisdictionally specific tribal‐state partnership team's adaptation of Institutional Analysis, a needs assessment methodology developed by Praxis International, as an alternative methodology to compliance measurement and to identify needs in ICWA implementation. We share a description of our process and experience, our theory of change for human services systems seeking to improve their treatment of American Indian families, and provide some lessons from our experience.
Breathlessness in older adults: What we know and what we still need to know
Authors: Hegendörfer Eralda , Degryse Jean‐Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBreathlessness is common among older adults, but it is often hidden as “normal aging “or considered narrowly as a symptom of cardio‐respiratory diseases. Studies on breathlessness in older adults are mostly focused on specific diseases, whereas older adults are characterized by multimorbidity and multi‐system age‐related impairments. This article aims to provide an overview of what is known so far on breathlessness in the general population of older adults and identify areas for further research. Research shows that breathlessness in older adults is a multifactorial geriatric condition, crossing the borders of system‐based impairments and diseases, and a valuable independent prognostic indicator for adverse outcomes. Further research needs to investigate (1) the multi‐factorial mechanisms of breathlessness in community‐dwelling older adults including the role of respiratory sarcopenia; (2) the influence of affective and cognitive changes of older age on the perception and report of breathlessness; (3) the best way to assess and use breathlessness for risk prediction of adverse outcomes in general geriatric assessments; and (4) the most appropriate multi‐modal rehabilitation interventions and their outcomes. Clinicians need to shift their approach to dyspnea from a disease symptom to a multifactorial geriatric condition that should be proactively searched for, as it identifies higher risk for adverse outcomes, and can be addressed with evidence‐based interventions that can improve the quality of life and may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in older adults.
Impact of Wellness Policy Review, Wellness Council Activity, and Student Health Objectives on Overall School Wellness Climate
Authors: Hoke Alicia M. , Keller Chelsea M. , Grimm Caroline L. , Lehman Erik B. , Sekhar Deepa L. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe whole school, whole community, whole child (WSCC) model suggests wellness councils, ongoing review of wellness policy, and a plan for evaluating set objectives are some of the key features needed to support school wellness infrastructure. This study explored the relationship between implementation of these infrastructure features and overall school wellness environment assessment scores among a sampling of Pennsylvania schools.MethodsThe Healthy Champions program provides Pennsylvania schools an opportunity to self‐assess their wellness environments across several school wellness topics. Staff enrolled their school in the program by completing a self‐report electronic assessment. Enrollment data from the 2020/2021 program year were analyzed using the Kruskal‐Wallis test and linear fixed model to identify the impact of varied implementation levels across 3 wellness infrastructure activities. Interactions between these variables and overall assessment score were also analyzed.ResultsOf the 645 Pennsylvania schools enrolled and analyzed, we observed higher mean wellness environment assessment scores (∆ 0.74 95% CI 0.40‐1.07; p < 0.001) among schools that reported some frequency of all 3 wellness infrastructure activities, compared to schools that reported no frequency for the activities.ImplicationsSchools with existing policies and practices related to the 3 wellness infrastructure activities should consider the degree of implementation to best support overall wellness in their school setting. Additional research to explore implementation barriers and supports is needed.ConclusionsAnalyses indicated that overall wellness environment assessment scores are impacted by implementation thresholds for wellness council meeting frequency, revision of wellness policy, and review of student health promotion objectives.
Development and preliminary validation of the Sleep Screening for Children and Adolescents with Complex Chronic Conditions (SCAC)
Authors: Kubek Larissa Alice , Claus Benedikt , Rostasy Kevin , Bertolini Annikki , Schimmel Mareike , Frühwald Michael C. , Classen Georg , Zernikow Boris , Wager Julia 
Published: March 2023

SummaryChildren and adolescents with complex chronic conditions, including those with life‐threatening or life‐limiting conditions, are a heterogeneous population. Many individuals exhibit sleep abnormalities that are measurable by proxy questionnaires. No suitable instrument to assess the wide range of different complex chronic conditions is currently available. The aim of the present study was to develop a screening tool—the Sleep Screening for Children and Adolescents with Complex Chronic Conditions—to effectively obtain sleep behaviour information in this population. Following a mixed‐method design, potential items for the Sleep Screening for Children and Adolescents with Complex Chronic Conditions questionnaire were defined through literature research and expert meetings. In a pre‐test with N = 60 family and professional caregivers, the items' relevance and comprehensibility as well as the instrument's overall design were assessed. For the main test, N = 315 participants were recruited in three tertiary paediatric hospitals. A principal components analysis detected the questionnaire's scales. Item analysis focused on mean values, range, difficulty and discriminatory power. Convergent validation of the Sleep Screening for Children and Adolescents with Complex Chronic Conditions was assessed via correlations between scale items. Most patients had neurological or neuromuscular diseases. Four scales (“Falling and staying asleep”, “Sleep‐associated respiration and arousal”, “Daytime sleepiness” and “Sleep‐associated movements”) emerged. The item analysis showed satisfactory discriminative power. In the preliminary validation, all scales correlated positively with a child's care level and with various sleep circumstances items. Three scales additionally correlated with the number of complex chronic condition diagnoses. This newly developed questionnaire can provide clinicians with first indications of possible sleep problems in a growing paediatric population.
Genetic fine‐mapping reveals single nucleotide polymorphism mutations in the MC1R regulatory region associated with duck melanism
Authors: Liu Hehe , Xi Yang , Tang Qian , Qi Jingjing , Zhou Zhengkui , Guo Zhanbao , Fan Wenlei , Hu Jian , Xu Yaxi , Liang Suyun , Xie Ming , Tang Jing , Zhang Yunsheng , Hou Shuisheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBirds are among the most colourful terrestrial vertebrates, with various plumage colours and patterns. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on an intercross F2 population of Pekin ducks and mallards (n = 722) and identified a 1.57‐Mb genetic region (Chr11: 20,176,480–21,750,101 bp) related to duck melanism. Fine mapping by linkage disequilibrium (LD) and FST analysis narrowed the final candidate region to a region of 22,500 bp (Chr11: 20,677,500–20,700,000 bp) including three coding genes, TCF25, MC1R and TUBB3. Combined with transcriptome and qRT‐PCR analysis, MC1R was identified as the unique genetic locus responsible for black plumage in ducks, and it was significantly more highly expressed in the feather bulbs of black ducks. We also identified 52G > A (Chr11: 20,696,354G > A) and 376G > A (Chr11: 20,696,678G > A) mutations in the MC1R coding region that have been widely studied in ducks. In addition, structural variations (SVs) were screened by nanopore sequencing, and no significant SV was found to be associated with the duck black plumage trait. However, we identified four novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MC1R regulator region (Chr11: 20,678,412G > A, Chr11: 20,679,236G > A, Chr11: 20,692,496 A > G and Chr11: 20,692,791 A > G) that had a strong association with the black plumage phenotype of ducks and combined with potential changes in transcription binding affinities. The luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that Chr11: 20,678,412G > A and Chr11: 20,679,236G > A led to significant promoter activity changes. Our research emphasizes the importance of MC1R regulatory region mutation in determining the duck black plumage phenotype, and these results expand our understanding of the genetic mechanism underlying duck plumage colour.
Overweight, obesity and risk of multimorbidity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of longitudinal studies
Authors: Delpino Felipe Mendes , dos Santos Rodrigues Ana Paula , Petarli Glenda Blaser , Machado Karla Pereira , Flores Thaynã Ramos , Batista Sandro Rodrigues , Nunes Bruno Pereira 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis study aimed to review and quantify the association between overweight and obesity in the risk of multimorbidity among the general population. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis in the databases of Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. We included cohort studies that assessed the association between overweight and/or obesity with the risk of multimorbidity. The Newcastle‐Ottawa assessed the studies' individual quality. A random‐effect model meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the association between overweight and obesity with the relative risk (RR) of multimorbidity; the I2test evaluated heterogeneity. After excluding duplicates, we found 1.655 manuscripts, of which eight met the inclusion criteria. Of these, seven (87.5%) evidenced an increased risk of multimorbidity among subjects with overweight and/or obesity. Overall, we observed an increased risk of multimorbidity among subjects with overweight (RR: 1.26; CI95%: 1.12; 1.40, I2 = 98%) and obesity (RR: 1.99; CI95%: 1.45;2.72, I2 = 99%) compared to normal weight. According to the I2test, the heterogeneities of the meta‐analyses were high. The Newcastle‐Ottawa scale showed that all studies were classified as high quality. Further longitudinal studies are needed, including different populations and stratifications by sex, age, and other variables.
Business Analytics: Emerging Practice and Research Issues in the Health Insurance Industry
Authors: Terekhov Maxim A , Demirezen Emre M , Aytug Haldun 
Published: March 2023

This paper summarizes emerging practice and research issues in the health insurance industry. We provide an industry overview, epitomize business analytics applications, and outline current and emerging problems of interest to key stakeholders and researchers in information systems, operations management, and healthcare management. Specifically, we focus on three areas of research that are of importance to the health insurance industry as well as the healthcare system: (i) management and evaluation of intervention programs, (ii) creation of effective provider networks, and (iii) emerging issues such as the impact of a pandemic, patient communication and steering, and technological innovations in health care. We lay out brief details of how each of these problems can be formulated, where the data can be acquired (public and/or proprietary data sets), and provide guidance for solving them. For several of these problems, we provide models that span causal modeling, predictive modeling, and prescriptive modeling.
How teaching experience and physics and mathematics content knowledge impact professional noticing skills of STEM graduate students
Authors: Salamanca Elizabeth , Medina‐Castellano Kimi A. , Wilhelm Jennifer A. , Fisher Molly H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe framework of professional noticing describes three components (attending, interpreting, and deciding) that allow teachers to better understand the thinking of their students. Via this method, teachers attend to their classroom by observing relevant cues from students, interpret these cues based on their knowledge of student development, and decide how best to proceed in their lesson. This study utilized an open‐response survey to collect data regarding the professional noticing skills, physics and mathematics content knowledge, and teaching experience of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics graduate students. Participants were given a physics and calculus problem to solve to assess their level of content knowledge and then watched a video‐based scenario of a teacher and student discussing the same problems. After, participants were prompted to answer questions corresponding with the attending, interpreting, and deciding components of professional noticing. We found significant results that suggest teaching experience alone is not enough to employ professional noticing skills when attending physics scenarios, and that possessing content knowledge has a positive impact on professional noticing ability, both overall and within the components.
What about us? Political competition, economic performance, immigration, and nativist appeals
Authors: Junqueira Andrea , Silva Thiago N. , Whitten Guy D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and test theoretical expectations about when political parties will make more or fewer nativist appeals in their electoral campaigns.MethodsWe use spatial autoregressive models to test our claims about the ways in which electoral competition drives nativist appeals.ResultsWe find strong support for our theoretical expectations on how spatial and temporal processes influence parties’ nativist appeals. We also find strong support for our expectations on how the percentage of foreign‐born population shapes nativist appeals by government parties and how economic performance shapes nativist appeals by opposition parties.ConclusionSpatial party competition conditions the relationship between economic performance, immigration, and parties’ nativist appeals, revealing the strategic behavior of political parties in their choices of when to make nativist appeals more or less prominent in their electoral campaigns.