bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SGLT2 inhibition ameliorates nano plastics-induced premature endothelial senescence and dysfunction
Authors: Dhakal Bikalpa , Shiwakoti Saugat , Park Eun-Young , Kang Ki-Woon , Schini-Kerth Valérie B. , Park Sun-Hwa , Ji Hye-Young , Park Joon Seok , Ko Ju-Young , Oak Min-Ho 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNano plastics (NPs) have been a significant threat to human health and are known to cause premature endothelial senescence. Endothelial senescence is considered one of the primary risk factors contributing to numerous cardiovascular disorders. Recent studies have suggested that inhibition of sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) ameliorates endothelial senescence and dysfunction. Therefore, our study intends to explore the role of SGLT2 in NPs-induced endothelial senescence and dysfunction. Porcine coronary artery and its endothelial cells were treated with NPs in the presence or absence of Enavogliflozin (ENA), a SGLT2 inhibitor and then SGLTs expression, senescence markers and vascular function were evaluated. NPs significantly up-regulated SGLT2 and ENA significantly decreased NPs-induced senescence-associated-β‐gal activity, cell‐cycle arrest, and senescence markers p53 and p21 suggesting that inhibition of SGLT2 prevents NPs-induced endothelial senescence. In addition, ENA decreased the formation of reactive oxygen species with the downregulation of Nox2, and p22phox. Furthermore, SGLT2 inhibition also up regulated the endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression along with improving vascular function. In conclusion, premature endothelial senescence by NPs is, at least in part, associated with SGLT2 and it could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing and/or treating environmental pollutants-induced cardiovascular disorders mediated by endothelial senescence and dysfunction.
Interactions between genes altered during cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity in zebrafish revealed using induced network modules analysis
Authors: Agarwal Manusmriti , Sharma Ankush , Kagoo R. Andrea , Bhargava Anamika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the manufacturing and development of new synthetic compounds increase to keep pace with the expanding global demand, adverse health effects due to these compounds are emerging as critical public health concerns. Zebrafish have become a prominent model organism to study toxicology due to their genomic similarity to humans, optical clarity, well-defined developmental stages, short generation time, and cost-effective maintenance. It also provides a shorter time frame for in vivo toxicology evaluation compared to the mammalian experimental systems. Here, we used meta-analysis to examine the alteration in genes during cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity in zebrafish, caused by chemical exposure of any kind. First, we searched the literature comprehensively for genes that are altered during neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity followed by meta-analysis using ConsensusPathDB. Since constant communication between the heart and the brain is an important physiological phenomenon, we also analyzed interactions among genes altered simultaneously during cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity using induced network modules analysis in ConsensusPathDB. We observed inflammation and regeneration as the major pathways involved in cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. A large number of intermediate genes and input genes anchored in these pathways are molecular regulators of cell cycle progression and cell death and are implicated in tumor manifestation. We propose potential predictive biomarkers for neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity and the major pathways potentially implicated in the manifestation of a particular toxicity phenotype.
Myocardial injury is a risk factor for 6-week mortality in liver cirrhosis associated esophagogastric variceal bleeding
Authors: Liu Bihan , Li Qi , Ding Huiguo , Wang Shanshan , Pang Lifang , Li Lei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study sought to investigate risk factors for 6-week mortality of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis associated esophagogastric variceal bleeding (EGVB) and clinical characteristics of myocardial injury in cirrhotic patients with EGVB. This retrospective cohort study included 249 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis associated EGVB in the Department of Emergency. Patients were divided into two groups including liver cirrhosis associated EGVB without myocardial injury and liver cirrhosis associated EGVB with myocardial injury. Myocardial injury, recurrent bleeding, total bilirubin (TBIL) level and dyslipidemia are independent risk factors for 6-week mortality in liver cirrhosis associated EGVB. Among all patients with liver cirrhosis associated EGVB, 90 (36.2%) had myocardial injury and 159 individuals (63.8%) not. The 6-week mortality in the group with myocardial injury was 21%, which was significantly higher than that of 7% in the group without myocardial injury. More patients in the myocardial injury group smoked, had moderate to severe esophageal varices, liver failure, and Child–Pugh C liver function compared to the non-myocardial injury group. Myocardial injury, recurrent bleeding, TBIL level and dyslipidemia are independent risk factors for death within 6 weeks in liver cirrhosis associated EGVB. The 6-week mortality is considerably higher in patients with myocardial injury in liver cirrhosis associated EGVB than those without myocardial injury.
Value of handcrafted and deep radiomic features towards training robust machine learning classifiers for prediction of prostate cancer disease aggressiveness
Authors: Rodrigues Ana , Rodrigues Nuno , Santinha João , Lisitskaya Maria V. , Uysal Aycan , Matos Celso , Domingues Inês , Papanikolaou Nickolas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a growing piece of evidence that artificial intelligence may be helpful in the entire prostate cancer disease continuum. However, building machine learning algorithms robust to inter- and intra-radiologist segmentation variability is still a challenge. With this goal in mind, several model training approaches were compared: removing unstable features according to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); training independently with features extracted from each radiologist’s mask; training with the feature average between both radiologists; extracting radiomic features from the intersection or union of masks; and creating a heterogeneous dataset by randomly selecting one of the radiologists’ masks for each patient. The classifier trained with this last resampled dataset presented with the lowest generalization error, suggesting that training with heterogeneous data leads to the development of the most robust classifiers. On the contrary, removing features with low ICC resulted in the highest generalization error. The selected radiomics dataset, with the randomly chosen radiologists, was concatenated with deep features extracted from neural networks trained to segment the whole prostate. This new hybrid dataset was then used to train a classifier. The results revealed that, even though the hybrid classifier was less overfitted than the one trained with deep features, it still was unable to outperform the radiomics model.
Toxicological assessment of Phormidium sp. derived copper oxide nanoparticles for its biomedical and environmental applications
Authors: Asif Nida , Ahmad Rakhshan , Fatima Samreen , Shehzadi Shehzadi , Siddiqui Tabassum , zaki Almaz , Fatma Tasneem 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDriven by the need to biosynthesized alternate biomedical agents to prevent and treat infection, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have surfaced as a promising avenue. Cyanobacteria-derived synthesis of CuONPs is of substantive interest as it offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and biocompatible route. In the present study biosynthesized CuONPs were characterized and investigated regarding their toxicity. Morphological analysis using TEM, SEM and AFM showed the spherical particle size of 20.7 nm with 96% copper that confirmed the purity of CuONPs. Biogenic CuONPs with IC50value of 64.6 µg ml−1showed 90% scavenging of free radicals in superoxide radical scavenging assay. CuONPs showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity by 86% of protein denaturation with IC50value of 89.9 µg ml−1. Biogenic CuONPs exhibited significant toxicity against bacterial strains with lowest MIC value of 62.5 µg ml−1forB. cereusand fungal strain with a MIC value of 125 µg ml−1forC. albicans. In addition CuONPs demonstrated a high degree of synergistic interaction when combined with standard drugs. CuONPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against non-small cell lung cancer with an IC50value of 100.8 µg ml−1for A549 and 88.3 µg ml−1for the H1299 cell line with apoptotic activities. Furthermore, biogenic CuONPs was evaluated for their photocatalytic degradation potential against methylene blue dye and were able to removed 94% dye in 90 min. Free radical scavenging analysis suggested that CuONPs assisted dye degradation was mainly induced by hydroxide radicals. Biogenic CuONPs appears as an eco-friendly and cost effective photocatalyst for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with synthetic dyes that poses threat to aquatic biota and human health. The present study highlighted the blend of biomedical and photocatalytic potential ofPhormidiumderived CuONPs as an attractive approach for future applications in nanomedicine and bioremediation.
Disappearance, division, and route change of excitable reaction-diffusion waves in deformable membranes
Authors: Noguchi Hiroshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractShapes of biomembrane in living cells are regulated by curvature-inducing proteins. However, the effects of membrane deformation on signal transductions such as chemical waves have not been researched adequately. Here, we report that membrane deformation can alter the propagation of excitable reaction-diffusion waves using state-of-the-art simulations. Reaction waves can induce large shape transformations, such as membrane budding and necking, that erase or divide the wave, depending on the curvature generated by the waves, feedback to the wave propagation, and the ratio of the reaction and deformation times. In genus-2 vesicles, wave division occurs at branching points and collided waves disappear together. We demonstrate that the occasional disappearance of the waves can alter the pathway of wave propagation. Our findings suggest that membrane deformation and reaction waves can together regulate signal transductions on biomembranes.
A nasal spray vaccination device based on Laval nozzle and its experimental test
Authors: Wang Zhong , Zhang Zhengyuan , Wang Qian , Zeng Lingliao , Jin Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to realize the application of the nasal spray vaccination in the prevention and protection of respiratory infectious diseases, a nasal spray vaccination device is designed in this paper. The device uses a Laval nozzle structure to generate a high-speed airflow that impinges on the vaccine reagent and forms nebulized particles. Through optimizing of the Laval nozzle structure and testing experiments on spray particle size, spray velocity, spray angle and spray rate, a set of parameters which is applicable to actual nasal spray vaccination is obtained. The experimental results show that when the air source pressure is 2 bar, the spray angle is about 15°, the diameter of the spray particles Dv50 is about 17 μm, the volume fraction of particles with diameter smaller than 10um is about 24%, the spray rate is close to 300 μl/s. The vaccine activity tests demonstrate that under these conditions, not only the biological activity of vaccines is guaranteed, but also the delivery efficiency is well assured.
Improving forecasts of individual ocean eddies using feature mapping
Authors: Rykova Tatiana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMarine industries, war fighters, and world leaders demand accurate maps of ocean properties to underpin tactical and strategic decisions. Oceanographers have approached this challenge by borrowing mapping techniques from weather forecasters. However, compared to the atmosphere, the spatial scales of the ocean are small, and ocean properties are vastly under-sampled. Not surprisingly, despite decades of dedicated effort, the quality of maps of under-sea conditions remains poor. Feature mapping is a new approach to this problem that treats every ocean eddy individually. It strictly limits the influence of each observation to the oceanographic feature that it directly observes. Resulting maps are precise and realistic and may revolutionise ocean forecasting.
Effects of 660-nm LED photobiomodulation on drebrin expression pattern and astrocyte migration
Authors: Yoon Sung Ryeong , Chang So-Young , Lee Min Young , Ahn Jin-Chul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM) is a therapeutic tool that uses red or near-infrared light in medical applications. It’s applications in both central (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are widely studied. Among glial cells, astrocytes are known to be activated in injured or damaged brains. Astrocytic cell migration is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the brain. Our previous study showed that PBM led to astrocyte proliferation and differentiation, but the effects on migration has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PBM on astrocyte migration, drebrin (DBN) expression and cytoplasmic morphology using primary cultured rat astrocyte. We applied a 660-nm light-emitting diode (LED) with fluence of 6, 12 and 18 J/cm2. PBM effects on astrocyte migration were analyzed by two different migration assays (scratch assay and transwell assay). We used immunofluorescence microscopy for visualizing DBN and glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and analysis of DBN expression and astrocyte cytoplasmic morphology. Both scratch assay and transwell assay showed significant difference in astrocyte migration following PBM irradiation. With these specific fluence conditions, differences in DBN expression and cell morphology were revealed. PBM could increase the astrocyte migration by altering the cell morphology and DBN expression pattern.
The association of dietary and lifestyle indices for insulin resistance with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases among Iranian adults
Authors: Teymoori Farshad , Jahromi Mitra Kazemi , Ahmadirad Hamid , Daftari Ghazal , Mokhtari Ebrahim , Farhadnejad Hossein , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe current study aimed to examine the possible association of the dietary index for insulin resistance (DIR) and the lifestyle index for insulin resistance (LIR), determined by dietary components, body mass index, and physical activity, with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including insulin resistance (IR), hypertension (HTN), diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This prospective cohort study was performed on 2717 individuals aged ≥ 19 years in the framework of the Tehran Lipid-Glucose Study. Data on nutritional intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (ORs and 95% CIs) of cardiometabolic diseases across tertiles of DIR and LIR scores. During 3-years of follow-up, the incidence rate of diabetes, IR, HTN, and MetS was 3%, 13%, 13.9%, and 17%, respectively. In the multi-variables model, after controlling all potential confounders, the risk of IR(OR: 1.65, 95% CI 1.01–2.69, P-trend = 0.047), diabetes (OR: 1.95, 95% CI 1.02–3.74, P-trend = 0.058), and HTN(OR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.07–2.15, P-trend = 0.016) was increased across tertiles of DIR score. Also, the risk of IR (OR: 2.85, 95% CI 1.72–4.73, P-trend < 0.001), diabetes(OR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.24–4.78, P-trend = 0.004), HTN(OR: 1.95, 95% CI 1.35–2.81, P-trend < 0.001), and MetS (OR: 2.87, 95% CI 1.96–4.18, P-trend < 0.001) were increased across tertiles of LIR score. Our findings reported that a dietary pattern with a higher DIR score and a lifestyle with a higher LIR score might be related to increased cardiometabolic disorders, including diabetes, HTN, Mets, and IR in Iranian adults.
The importance of appropriate selection of clinical endpoints in outpatient COVID-19 clinical trials
Authors: Thorlund Kristian , Smith Davey , Linsell Christopher , White Nicholas , Butler Christopher , Boulware David , Currier Judith , Harari Ofir , Lhomme Edouard , Strub-Wourgaft Nathalie , Adam Stacey , Mills Edward 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClinical trial endpoints must be carefully and intentionally selected so that the results of the trial can be used to inform policy- and decision-making. The relative importance of potential endpoints often depends on the stakeholder, with patients having different preferences to policymakers and regulators. The set up of clinical trials for COVID-19 was problematic, as endpoints that could be reasonably measured did not always match the efficacy endpoints usually required by guideline panels. Thus, different endpoints were used, which made the timely comparison and evaluation of interventions difficult. Here we discuss the evolution of the COVID-19 landscape and the effect this is having on the selection of consistent and measurable clinical trial endpoints. Using appropriate endpoints is crucial for researchers to offer the most reliable, valid, and interpretable results possible.
A Review of Recommendations for Families Raising Multilingual Children With Autism With Implications for California and Other States
Authors: Holke Kaylie M. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
This review article explores the relationship between diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and the recommendation to provide monolingual input.

Method:
A two-stage systematic search and review of the literature was performed. First, a computerized database search of EBSCO was conducted using terms: bilingualism AND autism. Next, the reference lists of each retained article were reviewed for consideration and inclusion. Included journal articles had been peer-reviewed; were published in English between 2012 and 2022; and used the search terms in the title, abstract, key words, or body. Articles were excluded if the primary focus was on developmental disabilities other than autism or on skills unrelated to communication and/or if studies were non-empirical in nature (however, articles cited within reference lists of included articles were considered).

Results:
Two themes were identified through review of the literature: (1) Articles explored biases regarding bilingualism (with two subthemes: (a) biases of parents and professionals and (b) the role of context), and (2) articles explored the effects of bilingualism (with three subthemes: (a) no detrimental effect to communication development, (b) benefits of bilingualism, and (c) negative effects of limiting bilingualism in obligatory contexts).

Conclusions:
In areas with probilingual policies, practitioners have been found to endorse bilingualism at higher rates. While states such as California, Massachusetts, Georgia, North Carolina, and Utah have undergone recent shifts in policy favoring bilingualism, no studies were found in the search of EBSCO that reported practitioner or parent perspectives since the adoption of these state policies. This is an area of unique need.
Small‐signal modelling and analysis of microgrids with synchronous and virtual synchronous generators
Authors: Liu Rui , Ding Li , Xue Cheng , Li Yunwei (Ryan) 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn autonomous alternating current microgrids, the grid‐forming virtual synchronous generators can cooperate with the conventional synchronous generators to improve system inertia and frequency regulation capability. However, undesired active power oscillations between the synchronous generators and grid‐forming virtual synchronous generators may trigger their overcurrent protection and even result in a blackout. To explicitly reveal the oscillatory modes over all frequency bands, a high‐fidelity full‐order state‐space model is first developed. A potentially destabilising sub‐synchronous oscillation mode resulting from the interaction between grid‐forming virtual synchronous generators voltage controller and synchronous generators q‐axis damper winding is identified. Other modes reflecting the low‐frequency oscillation and frequency restoration dynamics are also assessed. Subsequently, to make a reasonable trade‐off between the accuracy and simplicity of system modelling, an enhanced quasi‐stationary model dedicated to low‐frequency oscillation evaluation is simplified from the full‐order type. The enhanced quasi‐stationary model features simplicity and low‐order benefits, which makes it more practical for multi‐generator system analysis. Moreover, by considering the dynamics of synchronous generators field winding and excitation system, the enhanced quasi‐stationary model significantly improves the low‐frequency oscillation characterisation accuracy compared with the existing quasi‐stationary model. The two developed models are comprehensively compared with the existing small‐signal models. Real‐time simulations based on RT‐LAB are conducted to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and the accuracy of the proposed small‐signal models.
Robust facial landmark detection by probability‐guided hourglass network
Authors: Fan Jingyan , Liang Jiuzhen , Liu Hao , Huan Zhan , Hou Zhenjie , Zhou Xinwen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe absence of local features and global shape constraints severely limits the performance of the hourglass network for facial landmark detection in unconstrained environments. Moreover, diverse feature types and scales may result in low accuracy. This paper proposes a probability‐guided hourglass network to enhance the shape constraints for robust facial landmark detection. Firstly, a multi‐scale pre‐processing module is designed to extract features at different scales. Secondly, based on the heatmaps generated by the stacked hourglass network, the coarse localizations are obtained, while the probability maps are generated with local features. Finally, a probability‐based boundary regression method is proposed and the hausdorff distance is modified as the loss function to constrain the feature shape. Adaptive weights are also added to the loss function, which can help relieve the data imbalance problem. Subjective and objective experimental results on the challenging datasets show that this method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐arts on unconstrained conditions.