bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Central Corneal Thickness among Myopic and Emmetropic Patients Visiting Ophthalmology Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Islamabad.
Authors: Khan Sufian Ali , Shah Muthair , Sharif Ahad , Ullah Saif , Imdad Anjum , Khalid Ayesha 
Published: July 2023

Aim The aim of the study was to determine difference between central corneal thickness (CCT) among myopic and emmetropic eyes.
Material and Methods A total of 186 participants participated in this comparative cross-sectional study. Sample size was calculated using the WHO calculator and enrolled by consecutive sampling technique. Detail eye examinations were performed of anterior and posterior segments with slit-lamp and refractive status were determined with Auto-refractometer (Nidek ARK 1a) and Pachymetry with Specular Microscope (Topcon SP2000P). The analysis of data was performed in SPSS 22.
Results To carry out the study, 186 candidates volunteered their time and effort. Male and female participants were included in the study. About 56% of the candidates were men, and 44% were women. Individuals' ages varied from 16 to 49, on average (16-49). As for the control group, the average central corneal thickness was 522.30 microns and standard deviation of ± 29.563. Their sizes varied from 439 microns to 619 microns. The average CCT of myopic people was 515.18 microns, and the standard deviation was ±28.972 microns. The relationship between CCT in myopic eyes and CCT in emmetropic eyes was analysed using a paired t test. The P value was only 0.09, the relevance of the test was not significant.
Conclusion: CCT difference between myopic and emmetropic eyes was no statistically significant (P 0.09).
Effect of Reperfusion on Time Domain Parameters of Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Mubarak Sadia , Riaz Bushra , Ashfaq Mehvish , Hamid Sidra , Rasul Amina , Shafiq Mamoona 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To compare effect of reperfusion by measuring time domain parameters of heart rate variability before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Study design: Quasi experimental study design Place and Duration: Department of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases (AFIC/NIHD), Rawalpindi from January 2014 till January 2015. Patients and Methods: 40 patients with coronary artery disease having mean age of 55.20 ± 8.03 years were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling. DMS 300-4A Holter monitors were used to obtain 24 hours ambulatory ECG recording before and within 24 hours after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Digital ECG data were transferred to the computer and edited with the help of DMS Cardioscan software. Heart rate variability was analysed in time domains measures. For time domain analysis normal heart rate, SDNN, SDNNi, SDANN, RMSSD and pNN50 were recorded from 12 lead digital ECG data.
Results: The results of our study demonstrated significantly decreased heart rate variability in coronary artery disease patients on comparison of pre and post-angioplasty values only SDNNi was significantly reduced (p-value = 0.035) whereas the reduction in SDNN and pNN50 was statistically insignificant (p-value > 0.05). On the contrary, SDANN and RMSSD displayed slight rise after angioplasty but it was not significant (p-value > 0.05).
Conclusion: Reperfusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty decreases heart rate variability within 24 hours after the procedure. Whereas, heart rate during the same period after angioplasty increases. This reflects autonomic balance shifts towards sympathetic predominance as indicated by reduced heart rate variability and rise in heart rate. This makes the susceptible patients vulnerable for development of ventricular arrhythmias especially during 24 hours after angioplasty. Therefore, patients with decreased heart rate variability are at risk of ventricular arrhythmogenesis so they may be kept under medical surveillance for at least 24 hours after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.
Frequency of pregnancy induced hypertension and its association with elevated serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels during mid trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Habib Saman , Haq Aqsa Ikram ul , Bashir Shama , Sadiq Nadia , Majeed Noreen , Waheed Nabeela 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of PIH amongst elevated beta-hCG levels and non-elevated beta-hCG in the mid-trimester of pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: It was Descriptive case series conducted for six months (02-12-2019 to 02-06-2020) in OPD of Gynae Unit-II, Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. A total of one hundred and twenty-two (n=122) normotensive pregnant females at 13-20 weeks gestational age and 18-35 years of maternal age were selected in this study after informed consent from every patient. The frequency of PIH in patients with elevated serum beta-hCG was measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Effect modifiers were controlled by stratification. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Mean beta-hCG levels in the total study population were found to be 7305.09±3900.64 IU/mL. Median b-hCG levels in our study population were noted as 6936.15 IU/mL. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was found positive in 16 (13.1%) patients. Raised beta-hCG levels were present in 10 (8.2%) patients. The frequency of PIH in raised beta-HCG levels was found in 7/10 (70%) of patients. We found a statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) difference in the frequency of PIH among patients with elevated and not-elevated beta-hCG levels.
Conclusion: It is evident from my study that patients with raised levels of serum β-hCG during mid-trimester pregnancy are at increased risk to develop hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We further elaborated that there is a statistically significant difference in various effect modifiers such as maternal age, gestational age, residential status, and BMI for developing PIH among patients with elevated and non-elevated beta-hCG levels.
Impact of Comorbidities on the Severity of Disease & Outcome in Children with COVID 19 at a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital, Rawalpindi.
Authors: Asghar Rai Muhammad , Sharif Muddassar , Saheel Khalid , Khan Isfandyar , Hussain Abid , Ashraf Rai Rijjal 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was initially identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The virus affects almost all countries of the world. It has infected humans in all age groups, of all ethnicities, both males and females. It is considered that COVID-19, in those with underlying health conditions or co-morbidities, has an increasingly rapid and severe progression, often leading to death. This study is designed to evaluate the impact of co-morbidities on the severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection in children.
Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at the pediatric department, Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi from March 2020 to September 2021. Every confirmed COVID-19 admitted case according to inclusion criteria was enrolled for the study. Data were retrieved from hospital records; data was recorded on a predesigned study questionnaire, entered and analyzed in SPSS version 24 for descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis.
Results: 109 children were enrolled with confirmed COVID-19, of these 64(58.7%) were males and 45(41.2%) were females. The age of the patients ranged from infants to 12 years with a mean age of 27.25 months. Comorbidities were present in 70 patients (64.2%).CHD was the most common co-morbid condition (n=18, 16.5%). Most of the patients experienced mild to moderate symptoms (n=64.2%) while severe symptoms were found in (n=35.8%) patients. 27 patients (24.8%) required Ventilatory support, and of these 20 patients (18.3%) had underlying co-morbidity. The total number of patients who expired was 27(24.7%), and 30.3% of patients who expired had co-morbid conditions. the patients with co-morbid conditions had a longer stay in the hospital. 35 patients (32.1%)with underlying co-morbidity remained admitted for more than a week and 13 patients(9%)for more than two weeks.
Conclusion: Pediatric patients with co-morbidities have a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and associated mortality than children without underlying disease. Children with underlying conditions need to be carefully assessed and closely monitored. Further data are required to define these associations and adequate guidelines to manage high-risk children with COVID-19.
Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, Pediatrics, Co-morbidity, Severity, Outcome
25 0H Vitamin D Levels in Pregnant Females: The Hidden Time Bomb
Authors: Zuhra Fatima Tuz , Mehnaz  , Atzaz Noreen , Shabana  , Iqbal Asma , Saeed Sami 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To assess and correlate changes in vitamin D levels in three trimesters of pregnancy.
Material and methods: This longitudinal study was conducted in collaboration with the Gynecology & Obstetric and Pathology department of Fauji foundation hospital, Rawalpindi. Eighty pregnant females were included in the study and tested for vitamin D at three points of time i.e. first trimester gestational age: (7-13 weeks), second trimester (20-26weeks), and third trimester (33 weeks till term). Pregnant females at their first visit and healthy nonpregnant females (controls) were analyzed for vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, ferritin, and Hemoglobin (Hb) levels and compared using the Mann- Whitney U test for vitamin D and independent sample t-test for other parameters. Vitamin D and Hemoglobin (Hb) testing was done during the first, second, and third trimesters among pregnant females and compared between three groups using the Kruskal Wallis test and paired t-test respectively.
Results: Mean age of the pregnant females was 35 years. Mean vitamin D levels showed a significant decline from 30.7 ng/ml vs 19.5 ng/ml vs 18.6 ng/ml for the first, second, and third trimesters respectively (p-value<0.05). The frequency of vitamin D deficiency was 15.1% for pregnant females at their first visit which progressed to 20% and 25% in the second and third trimesters respectively.
Conclusion: Increased vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency rates exist in pregnant females, which progresses to further decline in the ensuing trimesters.
Incidence Of Hypoparathyroidism After Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Goitres. A Systematic Review
Authors: Ghani Muhammad Tahir , Haq Hafiz Muhammad Ijaz ul , Rehman Ibad Ur , Malik Huma Azam 
Published: July 2023

Objective: systematic review assessed the overall incidence of hypoparathyroidism after Total thyroidectomy (TT) for benign goitres.
Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, google scholar, Cochrane, and Pakmedinet under PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines was performed. All studies during the last 50 years where TT was performed for benign goitres and post-operative hypoparathyroidism was assessed were included. The total incidence of both transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism was calculated after TT for benign goitres. The risk of bias was also assessed.
Results: Twelve studies were included in total including eight retrospective, three prospective observational studies, and one randomized trial. Three studies were from Turkey, 2 from Pakistan, 2 from Greece, and one each from Saudi Arabia, India, Denmark, Egypt, and the USA. 2809 TT were performed for benign goitres. Overall Transient hypoparathyroidism (THP) was noted in 290 (10%) patients while permanent hypoparathyroidism (PHP) was noted in 33(1.17%) patients. The highest incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism was 17% in one study while the lowest was 0% in three studies. The highest incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism was 28.5% in one study while the lowest incidence was 2.5%. The risk of bias was high.
Conclusion: TT for benign goitres is associated with 1.17 % overall risk (range 0%-17%) of PHP and 10% (range 2.5%-28.5%) of THP.
Perceptions of Medical Teachers Regarding Certification and Master’s in Health Profession Education
Authors: Mudassir Ghazala , Mansoor Sumreena , Habib Maryam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective: To find out the perceptions of medical teachers regarding certification and master’s in health profession education.
Methods: It’s a mixed method study design. It was done in the department of pathology, Shifa College of Medicine which is a constituent college of Shifa Tameer-e- Millat University, from May 2021 to September 2021. In this study data was collected by means of a survey questionnaire and a Focus group discussion. A total of 41 members participated in this study.
Results and Conclusions: The study concluded a high satisfaction of participants with Faculty development programs (FDP). It was suggested that the content of FDP in view of the different roles of medical teachers should include teaching and non-teaching aspects like research, management and leadership which should be equally stressed upon. Although long duration faculty development programs imparted greater depth of knowledge, skills and attitude in health professionals and medical teachers, but if a format of FDP was to be made mandatory for all the medical teaching faculty than a shorter course, highlighting the basics of medical education and having a duration of six-month can be enforced.
Key words: Roles of teacher, faculty development program, medical education
Residents’ Perception Of Surgical Theatre Educational Environment At Public Hospitals Of Rawalpindi - A Steem Survey
Authors: Ijaz Osama , Khan Aurangzeb , Farooqui Marryam Riaz , Bhatti Hamza Waqar , Rauf Fatima , Malik Naveed Akhtar 
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION: The experience in the operation theatres is pivotal for surgical education. A measure of the educational environment in the operating room as perceived by residents would assist educators and trainees in gauging the quality of the learning occurring within their institute. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using the surgical theatre educational environment measure (STEEM) 40-item inventory to measure theatre learning environment perception of surgery and allied residents in public sector hospitals of Rawalpindi. Internal reliability of the inventory was assessed using the Cronbach α coefficient. P≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 107 respondents were included in the study. Mean score of the survey was 133.7± 20.2. No significant differences in perception were found among residents at different stages and gender, except in learning subscale of the inventory for both gender and residents and the teaching and training subscale among residents at different levels. The inventory showed a high internal consistency with a Cronbach α of 0.851. CONCLUSION: Surgical training and education have still a long way to go in the public sector. Much needed collaborations with education specialist and senior surgeons is required. Interval collection of feedback and perceptions of the educational environment is also necessary.
Stringent Internal Quality Control Procedures in Chemical Pathology Lead to Better Performance in External Proficiency Testing
Authors: Atzaz Noreen , Mehnaz  , Zuhra Fatima Tuz , Muneer Siraj , Ali Haider , Saeed Sami 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To assess impact of stringent Internal Quality Control (IQC) checks on performance of proficiency testing
Material and methods: This was a Prospective study conducted between September 2020 and April 2021 at Chemical pathology lab of Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi. External quality control data (EQC) from the month of September was evaluated. As part of corrective action plan IQC checks were enforced, internal quality control (IQC) data of the month of September 2020 and April 2022 were assessed. Performance characteristics of routine chemistry analytes coefficient of variance (CV), standard deviations (SD)and Bias were calculated and compared using paired –T- test.
Results: Proficiency testing report (NEQAPP) of cycle 10 round 1 showed 11% External Quality Control (EQC) failure among 18 biochemical parameters. Serum Creatinine and Total Protein failed acceptability criteria with Z-score of greater than 2. As part of corrective action IQC checks were done, which led to improvement in CV (SD) of these parameters. The next EQC lab report for routine chemistry analytes met the acceptability criteria with z-scores of all anaytes being less than 2.
Conclusion: Precise & accurate IQC results lead to better performance in EQC results
POTENSI PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM MEMPERKENALKAN DESA PATIMBAN
Authors: Sanjaya Oscar Nurianna , Aulia Silvi , Natika Luki , Nawawi Ade 
Published: July 2023

Pada era digital saat ini, penggunaan internet sudah menjadi hal biasa bagi semua kalangan. Akses secara massif dilakukan oleh banyak orang, secara mayoritas digunakan untuk melakukan transaksi online dalam media sosial. Desa Patimban merupakan Desa yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Pusakanagara dengan memiliki potensi wisata alam dan ekonomi kreatif berupa Pantai Patimban dan Pengrajin ikan memerlukan adanya suatu sistem untuk mempromosikan desa. Sumber daya manusia belum dapat memanfaatkan teknologi internet dengan baik. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini diawali dengan observasi langsung ke lokasi didampingi dengan pelaksaan program KKNM. Selain itu, kegiatan pembuatan pengenalan desa yang di dukung oleh media social. Isi Media, untuk melihat informasi yang disampaikan dan menariknya unggahan, dalam setiap postingan yang diunggah hanya memberi informasi yang singkat dan masih belum lengkap begitu juga dengan tampilan unggahan masih banyak yang belum menarik. Keterlibatan, untuk melihat interaksi yang terjadi antar pengguna dengan pengunjung dan juga melihat sejauh mana ketertarikan khalayak pada setiap unggahan. Interaksi pengunjung masih sedikit, sehingga penggunaan tersebut belum banyak yang mengetahui dan mengunjungi.
The effect of SMEs’ dynamic capability on operational capabilities and organisational agility
Authors: Yi Ho-Taek , Oh Donghun , Amenuvor Fortune Edem 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This study sets out to empirically investigate the effect of small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) dynamic capability on operational capabilities, organisational agility and performance while assessing the moderating role of environmental uncertainty.Design/methodology/approach: Data were gathered from 288 company representatives from the South Korean provinces of Daegu and Gyeongbuk. Companies in Daegu and Gyeongbuk are purposively sampled as research subjects and classified as manufacturing and/or distribution, and other industries, with a questionnaire administered to firm representatives and employees. The proposed hypotheses are tested using structural equations modelling.Findings/results: The study finds that dynamic capability has a significant positive effect on marketing capability, managerial capability, and technical capability, respectively. The study also discovers that marketing capability positively affects organisational agility. Furthermore, the findings show that technical capability influences organisational agility, which in turn affects innovation capability positively. The study also reveals that technological uncertainty moderates the relationship between dynamic capability and technical capability.Practical implications: The outcome of this study implies that rather than reducing the scale or scope of support projects, the technical and management levels should be prepared in the institutional system so that disabled companies can acquire and strengthen more diverse capabilities and resources.Originality/value: The research emphasises the significance of an organisation’s response to the external environment being agile, as customer needs and competitors’ products and services change frequently. It also reveals that marketing capability is a vital variable that influences organisational agility, regardless of business classification.
Berziarah dalam Dunia yang Kompleks dan Plural
Authors: Laksana Albertus Bagus , Hariandja William Christopher , Taruna Rezerius Bintang 
Published: July 2023

Melalui penelitian studi kasus terhadap beberapa situs ziarah Katolik di Jawa dan Bali, artikel ini menunjukkan peran situs ziarah Katolik beserta praktik ziarahnya. Pendekatan yang dipakai adalah fenomenologis-antropologis yang digabungkan dengan teologi sakramental dan teologi evangelisasi gereja perspektif Katolik di zaman yang semakin terpecah, kompleks, dan pluralistik. Situs dan tradisi ziarah memiliki peran yang unik dalam proses evangelisasi yang dipahami sebagai bertambahnya daya jangkauan kehadiran gereja yang mengubah banyak orang dan masyarakat lokal. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa situs dan praktik ziarah memberdayakan para peziarah secara personal dan spiritual dengan membantu mereka menjalin hubungan dengan Tuhan, diri sendiri, sesama, dan alam semesta. Para pengurus tempat ziarah juga mengusahakan solidaritas dengan masyarakat di sekitar tempat ziarah. Tradisi ziarah Katolik membantu masyarakat menghayati agama secara personal, interpersonal, kosmik, dan inklusif dalam hubungannya dengan agama lain. Dengan demikian tradisi ziarah membantu gereja dan masyarakat menghadapi bahaya privatisasi agama, politisasi agama, dan berkembangnya ideologi religius yang radikal dan ikonoklastik. Inilah tugas evangelisasi yang kontekstual di dalam masyarakat yang plural dan kompleks seperti Indonesia.
INFLUENCE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF TEA MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN KENYA - CASE OF MUDETE TEA FACTORY
Authors: Lidovolo Patrick Malongo , Atieno Margaret 
Published: July 2023

<p>The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the accounting information system on the financial performance of tea manufacturing firms in Kenya, a case study of Mudete Tea Factory. The specific objectives were; to examine the influence of accounting information recording on financial performance, and to determine the influence of financial reporting on the financial performance of tea manufacturing firms in Kenya. The study was carried out in Mudete Tea Factory. The study was guided by a technology acceptance model. The study used a case study research design. The study employed a census sampling technique where all the target population was used in the study. Primary data was collected by the use of questionnaires, while secondary data from the firm’s audited financial statements for previous financial years. The reliability of the research instruments was tested through Cronbach’s Alpha. Validity was tested through expert analysis of the questionnaires. The data was analyzed through inferential statistics. Inferential statistics were represented through regression analysis and correlation analysis to determine the quality of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The findings of the study were presented using tables. The study showed that there exists a positive and significant relationship between the components of AIS and firm’s financial performance with an average R2 of 0.508. The study results also indicated that accounting information recording and financial reporting have a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of tea factories in Kenya. The research recommended that tea manufacturing firms should ensure they use accounting information systems in their daily activities which results in improved financial performance.</p><p><br /><strong>JEL:</strong> M10; M41; O14</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0017/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>