bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social engagement and depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between age‐related hearing loss and cognitive status
Authors: Zhao Ivy Yan , Parial Laurence Lloyd , Montayre Jed , Golub Justin S. , Ng Janet Ho‐Yee , Sweetow Robert W. , Chan Engle Angela , Leung Angela Yee Man 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAge‐related hearing loss (ARHL) is the third leading cause of years lived with disability. Connections among ARHL, depressive symptoms, social engagement and cognitive status are increasingly reported but the underlying mechanisms leading to these relationships are largely unknown. Exploring these mechanisms is a worthy goal, especially in older adults. This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of social engagement and depressive symptoms on the relationship between ARHL and cognitive status.MethodsStructural equation modeling (SEM) with path analysis were performed with data from a cross‐sectional study conducted in 11 community centers in 2021, which assessed older adults' intrinsic and sensory capacities using the WHO ICOPE framework. Demographic information, health profile, a binary measure of hearing capacity, depressive symptoms, social engagement, and cognitive status of participants were gathered.ResultsA total of 304 participants were included. ARHL was positively associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.18, p = 0.009) and negatively related to social engagement (β = −0.13, p = 0.026). Social engagement was positively associated with cognitive status (β = 0.17, p = 0.005) and negatively associated with depressive symptoms (β = −0.23, p < 0.001). Greater depressive symptoms were negatively associated with the participants' cognition (β = −0.13, p = 0.009). Both social engagement (β = −0.02, p = 0.029) and depressive symptoms (β = −0.02, p = 0.032) mediated the negative associations between ARHL and cognitive status.ConclusionsAddressing hearing loss, depressive symptoms, and enhancing social engagement should be investigated as a potential means of minimizing cognitive decline. Well‐designed studies are needed to comprehensively inform the clinical practice development, particularly large prospective studies that will facilitate further elucidate possible causal mechanisms behind these observed associations.
Gaining access to unspoken narratives of people living with dementia on a hospital ward—A new methodology
Authors: Collins Pippa , Bridges Jackie , Bartlett Ruth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis is a methodological paper that aims to advance the conceptualisation of participatory research by focusing on the value of capturing and understanding movement as a vital means of communication for older people with dementia in a general hospital ward. Qualitative research involving people with dementia tends to be word‐based and reliant upon verbal fluency. This article considers a method for capturing and understanding movement as a vital means of communication.MethodThis narrative enquiry is underpinned by the model of social citizenship that recognises people with dementia as citizens with narratives to share. The study focused on spontaneously produced conversations that were video recorded and analysed through a lens of mobility. This enabled each participant to share what was important to them in that moment of time without always using words.FindingsThe study findings showed that people with dementia have narratives to share, but these narratives do not fit the bio‐medically constructed model that is generally expected from patients. Utilising a mobilities lens enabled the narratives to be understood as containing layers of language. The first layer is the words; the second layer is gestures and movements that support the words; and the third layer is micro movements. These movements do not only support the words but in some cases tell a different story altogether.ConclusionThis methodology brings attention to layers of communication that reveal narratives as a mobile process that require work from both the teller and the listener to share and receive. Movements are shown to be the physical manifestations of embodied language which when viewed through a lens of mobility enable a deeper understanding of the experience of living with dementia when an inpatient. Viewing narratives through a mobilities lens is important to the advancement of dementia and citizenship practices.
Role of T2 relaxometry in localization of mesial temporal sclerosis and the degree of hippocampal atrophy in patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: A cross sectional study
Authors: Sarkar Prasenjit , Sherwani Poonam , Dev Rahul , Tiwari Ashutosh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMesial temporal lobe epilepsy is one of the most common causes of refractory epilepsy worldwide. A good percentage of patients do not have detectable hippocampal atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The objective of this study is to evaluate whether T2 relaxometry can identify hippocampal pathology and lateralize the epileptic focus in patients with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). T2 relaxometry can also be used to correlate the clinical severity of the disease with the relaxometry readings in those who have hippocampal atrophy as well as those who do not. Thirty two patients having clinical and electrophysiological features of TLE were enrolled and a MRI brain with T2 relaxometry was done. Hippocampal T2 relaxometry values were calculated in the head, body, and tail of the hippocampus and average T2 relaxometry values were calculated, and a comparison was done with the controls. For patients with unilateral involvement, the contralateral side was taken as control and in cases of bilateral involvement, controls were identified from normal subjects. T2 relaxometry is found to be superior to MR visual analysis in the early detection of cases of hippocampal sclerosis where there is no atrophy on visual analysis. Nine out of 32 patients (28%) were normal on MR visual analysis; however, showed increased values on T2 relaxometry, correlating with clinical and electrophysiological diagnosis. The rest of the patients with hippocampal atrophy showed a correlation of T2 relaxometry values with the degree of atrophy. The hippocampal T2 measurement is thus more sensitive and specific. The study was clinically significant (p < .0001). There was a mild female predilection of the disease and there was no significant correlation with comorbidities. There was a strong positive correlation with patients having a history of febrile seizures in childhood. T2 relaxometry may accurately lateralize the majority of patients with persistent TLE and offers evidence of hippocampus injury in those patients who do not show evidence of atrophy on MRI and also the T2 relaxometry values correlated with the degree of atrophy. Early identification of hippocampal sclerosis is crucial for prompt management which offers better outcomes.
Assessment of prescribing pattern and adverse drug reaction in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Vijayakumar Thangavel Mahalingam , Ananthathandavan Priyadharshini , Zago Basiru A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide as well as a major blockade to sustainable human development. It is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulants are among the most essential life‐saving drugs that are generally used in cardiology for the prevention and treatment of many CVD.ObjectivesTo assess the prescribing pattern and adverse drug reaction (ADR) in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy for cardiac diseases.MethodologyThis was a Prospective Observational study conducted in the Department of Cardiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Kattankulathur including 88 patients for 6 months.ResultsOut of the 88 patients, the majority were males (73%) compared to females (27%), and the prevalence of CVD was found to be higher in patients above 40 years of age. Various categories of drugs prescribed to the patients were antiplatelets (14.88%), anticoagulants (8.79%), antianginal (13.82%), antihypertensives (15.7%), antihyperlipidemic (7.83%), thrombolytics (0.68%), Ionotropic agents (2.13%), antibiotics (5.31%), and other miscellaneous drugs (36.61%). The anticoagulant dosage regimens prescribed to the patients were categorized into monotherapy (9%), combinational therapy with antiplatelets (38%), and triple therapy (53%). The most commonly prescribed anticoagulant to the patients was Heparin (93.41%), followed by Warfarin (5.49%) and lastly Rivaroxaban (1.10%) respectively. From the details of the prescriptions analyzed, the average number of drugs per patient (prescription) was found to be 11.7.ConclusionHeparin was found to be the most commonly used anticoagulant, Combination therapy of antiplatelets and antihypertensives was observed in most of the prescriptions, which is more effective than a single therapy. Polypharmacy was encountered in the study with an average number of 11.7 drugs per prescription. Several anticoagulant‐related drug interactions were identified and there were two adverse drug reactions with Heparin. The prescribing pattern can be improved by reducing the number of drugs prescribed.
Expectations, symptoms, and quality of life before and after 1 year of Pirfenidone treatment in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A single‐arm, open‐label nonrandomized study
Authors: Jastrzębski Dariusz , Kostorz‐Nosal Sabina , Galle Dagmara , Gałeczka‐Turkiewicz Alicja , Warzecha Joanna , Majewski Sebastian , Piotrowski Wojciech J. , Ziora Dariusz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAntifibrotic therapies reduce lung function decline in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This single‐arm, open‐label, nonrandomized study aimed to determine the influence of antifibrotic treatment on patients' reported symptoms and expectations of the therapy.MethodsFifty‐two patients with confirmed IPF at a mean age of 65 ± 8.63 years (73% male) completed the following surveys at baseline and after 12 months of Pirfenidone treatment: Short Form Healthy Survey (SF‐36), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), and Patient's Needs and Expectations Authors' Survey.ResultsThe most important patients' needs were access to novel therapy, fast and easy access to health centers specializing in IPF treatment, and the improvement of the general condition or the maintenance of its level. These needs did not change with time, except for the significantly more important right of deciding on disease management after 12 months of treatment (p = 0.014). The quality of life per SF‐36, after 1 year of Pirfenidone treatment, significantly improved in the physical cumulative score (p = 0.004) and mental cumulative score (p = 0.003). Significant deteriorations were observed in bodily pain and vitality. For the remaining questionnaires (SGRQ, BDI, FAS, and LCQ), no significant changes in the course of the study were noticed. Around one in 10 patients subjected to Pirfenidone therapy had achieved general symptom improvement in all areas; that is, quality of life improvement as well as cough and dyspnea reduction.ConclusionsOne year of antifibrotic treatment resulted in a general improvement in the quality of life per the SF‐36 questionnaire. Patients' expectations of disease management did not change; also, access to novel therapies and easy access to health centers specializing in IPF management remained their top needs.
Real‐time impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on cutaneous leishmaniasis case finding and strategic planning, preventive interventions, control and epidemiology in a region with a high burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional descriptive study based on registry data in Ilam‐Iran
Authors: Shams Morteza , Rashidi Ayoub , Mohamadi Jasem , Moradi Mohamad , Pakzad Reza , Naserifar Razi , Abdi Jahangir , Ghelichi Fariba , Bozorgomid Arezoo , Maspi Nahid , Kenarkoohi Azra , Mohammadi Yasin , Abdoli Amir , Falahi Shahab 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a severe parasitic disease affecting people, mostly in underdeveloped nations. As a zoonotic infection yearly incidence of CL depends on several parameters such as demographic, epidemiological, and environmental factors as well as prevention and control measures. The sudden outbreak of pandemics such as SARS‐Corona‐Virus‐2 pandemic, can probably affect the incidence or reporting of other diseases, especially infectious diseases, in various ways such as pressure on health systems, providing sanitary services and its components, lockdowns and changes in people's living habits.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the COVID‐19 impact on the incidence and other epidemiological aspects as well as control measures of CL in Ilam Province‐Iran.MethodsRequired data was extracted from the CL registration system in Ilam from 2014 to 2021 to demonstrate the trend of CL incidence before and after COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsBased on our results, a declining pattern of CL incidence was observed, accompanied by the advent and intensification of the viral pandemic in Iran and Ilam province. Although, this decreasing pattern was not integral in all areas, and even increase in CL detection was emphasized in some regions.ConclusionIt may be inferred that the COVID‐19 pandemic may disrupt treatment programs of CL cases, rodent nest destruction, and fighting vector insects.
Effects of forest disturbance on water yield and peak flow in low‐relief glaciated catchments assessed with Bayesian parameter estimation
Authors: McEachran Zachary P. , Reese Gordon C. , Karwan Diana L. , Slesak Robert A. , Vogeler Jody 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEmpirical assessment of how forest disturbance affects streamflow has been traditionally limited to small, experimental catchments. However, larger catchments where landscape management occurs have emergent drivers of streamflow at scale, and thus may exhibit novel responses to land cover disturbance. We used statistical models of water yield and annual maximum peak streamflow for multiple large (> 50 km2) forested catchments in the low‐relief glaciated region of central North America to investigate how forest disturbance and climatic variability affect water yield and peak flows in similar landscapes. We used linear models, linear mixed effects models, and probabilistic flood‐frequency analysis with Bayesian parameter estimation in two case studies. These included: (1) a wildfire that burned ~30% of the 650 km2 wilderness Upper Kawishiwi catchment, and (2) 11 catchments within the St. Louis River Basin ranging from 56 to 8880 km2 with a patchwork disturbance regime wherein ~0.25% to 1% of the catchment is harvested or converted to non‐forest land use each year. We also assessed the most likely hydrological recovery year after forest disturbance, and the relative importance of stationary and nonstationary drivers of streamflow. We found forest disturbance correlated with declines in water yield for low‐level disturbance regimes in some catchments, but that water yield increased in response to the large‐scale wildfire. Positive and negative associations of forest disturbance with peak flows were observed. Hydrologic recovery time ranged from 5 to 13 years for water yield and peak flows following disturbance. Despite these effects of forest disturbance on streamflow, effects of climatic variability and stationary catchment size factors were more prominent streamflow drivers. Basins larger than ~50 km2 in low‐relief glaciated regions can be impacted by forest cover change even on <30% of basin area, but climatic variability and catchment spatial scale has a larger effect than forest disturbance.
Adaptation of a risk-based framework for evaluating indirect effects of dredging on sensitive habitats near federal navigation channels: An application of the framework to coral reefs at Honolulu Harbor, Hawai'i
Authors: Suedel Burton C. , Wilkens Justin L. , McQueen Andrew D. , Gailani Joseph Z. , Lackey Tahirih C. , Mays Nathan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In major harbors and ports in the United States and its territories, the US Army Corps of Engineers maintains federal navigation channels in proximity to coral reefs (e.g., Honolulu Harbor, HI; Miami Harbor, FL; Apra Harbor, Guam) and other sensitive habitats. To effectively predict potential adverse impacts from dredging activities near these sensitive habitats, a holistic approach to improve understanding of the pressures on these habitats is needed to foster a more complete prediction of risk drivers. To achieve this, risk-based frameworks that account for the full range of natural and anthropogenic impacts need to be adapted and applied specifically for assessing and managing indirect dredging impacts on sensitive environments. In this article, we address this need by incorporating a drivers–pressures–stressors–condition–response (DPSCR4) conceptual framework to broaden a comprehensive conceptual model of the coupled human–ecological system. To help understand these complex interactions, DPSCR4 was applied to evaluate dredging and other unrelated environmental pressures (e.g., terrestrial runoff) in a proof-of-concept dredging project in Honolulu Harbor, Hawai'i, USA, with a focus on the indirect effects of dredge plumes. Particle tracking models and risk-based tools were used to evaluate sediment resuspended during a hypothetical mechanical dredging activity near sensitive coral habitats. Stoplight indicators were developed to predict indirect sediment plume impacts on coral and then compared to exposure modeling results. The strengths and limitations of the approach are presented and the incorporation of the risk framework into environmental management decisions is discussed. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:547–561. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Variations in the agreement of self‐reported cancer: A Danish nationwide study
Authors: Jensen Heidi Amalie Rosendahl , Horsbøl Trine Allerslev , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Davidsen Michael , Christensen Anne Illemann , Ekholm Ola 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPrevious studies show that the agreement between self‐reported and registry‐documented diseases varies across diseases. Few studies have addressed these challenges across site‐specific cancer diagnoses. The present study aimed to examine the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of self‐reported cancer in a Danish nationwide survey among adults aged ≥16 years, using registry data as the criterion standard. Moreover, the influence of sociodemographic variables and time since diagnosis on sensitivity was explored using multiple logistic regression models. Self‐reported data on cancer history of any site were derived from the Danish National Health Survey 2017 (n = 183 372). Individual‐level survey data were linked to data from the Danish Cancer Registry on 10 site‐specific cancer diagnoses. NPV was consistently high ≥99.5% across the included cancer diagnoses. In contrast, sensitivity varied greatly and was lowest for cancer in brain/central nervous system (CNS) among both men (25.6%) and women (23.9%) and highest for rectal cancer among men (96.9%) and for breast cancer among women (98.9%). Sensitivity was also relatively low for nonmelanoma skin cancer (41.4% among men; 44.6% among women) and urinary tract cancer (60.0% among men; 60.4% among women). When restricting diagnostic definitions for cancer in brain/CNS and urinary tract cancer to include only malignant neoplasms, sensitivity increased. For several cancer diagnoses, sensitivity decreased with increasing age and lower educational level, whereas conflicting results were observed for time from diagnosis to self‐report. Future studies are encouraged to use self‐reported cancer history data with caution and for example, include questions on only site‐specific cancer diagnoses with high sensitivity.
The roles of parenting, resilience, and interpersonal relationships on adolescents' mental health and stress‐related growth during COVID‐19
Authors: Cheong Yeram , Zhu Qianyu , Wang Cixin , Patel Ami , Ye Yijun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe present longitudinal study investigated parenting style as a precursor for Chinese adolescents' stress‐related growth and mental health difficulties during the COVID‐19 pandemic, as well as the mediating roles of intrapersonal resilience and interpersonal relationships (i.e., peer and parent−adolescent).MethodsChinese adolescents in a middle school (7th grade) and their parents in Beijing, China, were invited to complete a survey at two time points (T1: September 2020, T2: June 2021). A total of 206 adolescents (52.9% boys; Mage = 12.90 years, SDage = 0.33) and parents (17.5% fathers, 82.4% mothers; Mage = 43.50 years, SDage = 4.76 years) were included in this study.ResultsResults showed that Chinese parents' authoritarian, not authoritative parenting, predicted adolescents' mental health difficulties nine months later. In addition, parent−adolescent relationships, but not peer relationships nor resilience, mediated the relations between parenting style and stress‐related growth. Adolescents' resilience predicted fewer mental health difficulties.ConclusionIt is important to target multiple ecologies (e.g., family) of adolescents for promoting positive adjustment.
Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol, Nonpsychotropic Cannabinoids, as Analgesics that Effectively Manage Bone Fracture Pain and Promote Healing in Mice
Authors: Khajuria Deepak Kumar , Karuppagounder Vengadeshprabhu , Nowak Irena , Sepulveda Diana E. , Lewis Gregory S. , Norbury Christopher C. , Raup-Konsavage Wesley M. , Vrana Kent E. , Kamal Fadia , Elbarbary Reyad A. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Bone fractures are among the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries, and pain management is an essential part of fracture treatment. Fractures heal through an early inflammatory phase, followed by repair and remodeling. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are not recommended for fracture pain control as they potently inhibit the inflammatory phase and, thus, impair the healing. Opioids do not provide a better alternative for several reasons, including abuse potential. Accordingly, there is an unmet clinical need for analgesics that effectively ameliorate postfracture pain without impeding the healing. Here, we investigated the analgesic efficacy of two nonpsychotropic cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), in a mouse model for tibial fracture. Mice with fractured tibiae exhibited increased sensitivity to mechanical, cold, and hot stimuli. Both CBD and CBG normalized pain sensitivity to all tested stimuli, and their analgesic effects were comparable to those of the NSAIDs. Interestingly, CBD and CBG promoted bone healing via multiple mechanisms during the early and late phases. During the early inflammatory phase, both cannabinoids increased the abundance of periosteal bone progenitors in the healing hematoma and promoted the osteogenic commitment of these progenitors. During the later phases of healing, CBD and CBG accelerated the fibrocartilaginous callus mineralization and enhanced the viability and proliferation of bone and bone-marrow cells. These effects culminated in higher bone volume fraction, higher bone mineral density, and improved mechanical quality of the newly formed bone. Together, our data suggest CBD and CBG as therapeutic agents that can replace NSAIDs in managing postfracture pain as both cannabinoids exert potent analgesic effects and, at the same time, promote bone healing. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).