bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic contracts and subjective evaluations
Authors: Lang Matthias 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSubjective evaluations are widely used, but call for different contracts from classical moral‐hazard settings. Previous literature shows that contracts require payments to third parties. I show that the (implicit) assumption of deterministic contracts makes payments to third parties necessary. This article studies incentive contracts with stochastic compensation, like payments in stock options or uncertain arbitration procedures. These contracts incentivize employees without the need for payments to third parties. In addition, stochastic contracts can be more efficient and can make the principal better off compared to deterministic contracts. My results also address the puzzle about the prevalence of labor contracts with stochastic compensation.
One‐year myopia control efficacy of cylindrical annular refractive element spectacle lenses
Authors: Liu Xinting , Wang Pengqi , Xie Zhu , Sun Muhan , Chen Minfeng , Wang Jiefang , Huang Jing , Chen Siyun , Chen Zhaohe , Wang Yanli , Li Yiyu , Qu Jia , Mao Xinjie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the 1‐year myopia control efficacy of a spectacle lens with annular cylindrical microstructures.MethodsA total of 118 consecutive eligible children aged 8–12 years with −1.00 D to −4.00 D of spherical component myopia and <1.50 D astigmatism were enrolled between August 2020 and November 2020 at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Participants were randomly assigned to wear cylindrical annular refractive element (CARE) (n = 61) or single‐vision (n = 57) spectacle lenses. Cycloplegic autorefraction (spherical equivalent refraction [SER]) and axial length (AL) were measured at baseline and 6‐month intervals. Adaptation and compliance questionnaires were administered during all visits.ResultsAmong 118 randomized participants, 96 (81.4%) were included in the analyses (mean [SE] age, 10.4 [0.6] years; 49 [51.0%] were female; mean [SE] spherical equivalent refractive error, −2.67 [0.66] D; mean [SE] axial length, 24.75 [0.77] mm). Adjusted 1‐year myopia progression was −0.56 D for CARE and −0.71 D for single‐vision spectacle lenses. The difference in progression was 0.14 D (95% CI, −0.04 to 0.32) for CARE vs single vision. Adjusted 1‐year eye growth was 0.27 mm for CARE and 0.35 mm for single vision. The difference in eye growth was 0.09 mm (95% CI, −0.15 to −0.02) for CARE vs single vision. All groups adapted to their lenses with no reported adverse events, complaints, or discomfort.ConclusionsAmong children with myopia, treatment with cylindrical annular refractive element spectacle lenses significantly reduced the rate of axial elongation over 1 year compared with single‐vision spectacle lenses.
Inside the black box of responsible consumers: Novel perspectives from an integrative literature review
Authors: Lanzini Pietro , Tencati Antonio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs consumers represent a key actor for the success of businesses implementing socially responsible strategies, companies need to gain further insights on the determinants of responsible behaviors. In this study, we provide a contribution to the ongoing debate on responsible consumers by means of an integrative literature review, which analyzes a set of competing models mainly from social psychology and marketing. Stemming from this preliminary analysis of the existing evidence, we develop a new conceptual model, that is, a framework based on (i) a flexible setting of the boundaries of analysis, (ii) a broader lens taking into account interrelations across behaviors, and (iii) a dynamic approach. The framework, for which an exemplary use is illustrated, represents the basis for advancing a rich agenda for future research. The latter is aimed at overcoming current criticalities in responsible consumer research, and it develops around the need for an integrative, dynamic, and cross‐cultural approach on the one hand, and the elaboration of new perspectives on single antecedents, on the other.
Different types of redundancy and their effect on learning and cognitive load
Authors: Albers Fabian , Trypke Melanie , Stebner Ferdinand , Wirth Joachim , Plass Jan L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhat is redundancy? While most studies confirm that redundancy is harmful to learning, there are two theoretical approaches to redundancy. The first understands redundancy as a contentual overlap that puts demand on the limited cognitive capacities of the learner. The second understands redundancy as an ineffective combination of sources leading to an overload of the limited working memory modalities.AimsSince these theoretical differences are rarely acknowledged in operation, this study proposes a classification of two distinct types of redundancy to compare these experimentally to investigate their possible main and interaction effects. The first type, content redundancy, is concerned with the contentual overlap of information. The second type, modal redundancy, is concerned with the modalities in which the information is displayed.MethodsWe used these two types of redundancy as factors in a 2 × 2 within‐subject design, in which we experimentally compared their effects.SampleUniversity students (N = 46) learned from specifically designed domain‐general material which aimed to observe redundancy effects without interference from confounding variables.ResultsThe results show that content redundancy increases learning outcomes and decreases cognitive load, while modal redundancy decreases learning outcomes and increases cognitive load.ConclusionOn the theoretical level, these findings confirm the usefulness to distinguish content redundancy from modal redundancy. On the practical level, the empirical findings of the different effects of the two types of redundancy provide educators with important insights that can improve the design of multimedia learning materials.
Perspectives on the future of dissemination and implementation research in oral and craniofacial sciences
Authors: Burgette Jacqueline M. , Randall Cameron L. , Neta Gila , Rindal D. Brad , Ross Alastair J. , Weiner Bryan J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDissemination and implementation science is a field of research that promotes the adoption and maintenance of evidence‐based interventions in healthcare delivery and community settings and seeks to understand the processes by which such adoption and maintenance occur. While dissemination and implementation science is an established field in health services research, it is relatively new and making inroads in dental, oral and craniofacial research. This article summarizes the proceedings from a scientific panel on ‘Dissemination and Implementation Science for Oral and Craniofacial Health’ that was held during the international Behavioral and Social Oral Health Sciences Summit. The panelists were four experts on dissemination and implementation science in dental and non‐dental academic settings in the United States and Scotland, with affiliations ranging from schools of dentistry and public health to the National Institutes of Health and a healthcare system with integrated dental services. The panel discussion addressed how dissemination and implementation science can be used to further oral health research. The narrative report presented here aims to describe the panelists' reflections and insights on their current initiatives in dissemination and implementation research to inform future research endeavors within the oral and craniofacial sciences. Specifically, this article focuses on six discussion topics: (1) how organizational determinants can serve as facilitators or barriers to the implementation of evidence‐based dental practice; (2) how dentistry can ‘de‐implement’ practices that are not effective; (3) how implementation science can support the delivery of evidence‐based dental practice using adaptation; (4) how to get started in implementation science; (5) how the broader environment can support large‐scale implementation efforts; and (6) how oral and craniofacial science is well suited for advancing dissemination and implementation research.
Inter‐decadal variation in diadromous and potamodromous fish assemblages in a near pristine tropical dryland river
Authors: Lear Karissa O. , Ebner Brendan C. , Fazeldean Travis , Whitty Jeff , Morgan David L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems are both incredibly biodiverse and highly threatened globally. Variation in environmental parameters including habitat and flow can substantially affect many ecological processes within riverine aquatic communities, but the ties between such parameters and ecology are neither well studied nor understood. In highly variable tropical dryland river systems, assessing such relationships requires data collection over inter‐decadal time scales, which is not typically permitted on development schedules driven over short periods (including election and funding cycles). Here, we used seine net sampling data collected over an 18‐year period in the tropical dryland Fitzroy River, Western Australia, to assess how environmental and temporal factors including habitat, seasonality, and inter‐annual variation in wet season magnitude affect the community assemblage structure, recruitment, and growth of aquatic species in dryland rivers. Results demonstrated that macrohabitat (main channel vs floodplain creek) and the magnitude of wet season rains and resultant flooding both had a substantial influence on biotic communities, alongside seasonal and diel variation. The magnitude of wet season flooding (measured as river discharge volume) had the greatest impact on assemblage composition within floodplain creek habitats and was a significant driver of recruitment rates and growth of recruits and adults of several species examined. This study highlights key considerations for conserving dryland river systems and constituent biota. Specifically, these are maintaining (a) rhythmicity of flow within each year, (b) diversity of flow volume between years, and (c) a variety of habitat types including ephemeral, semi‐permanent, and permanent shallow floodplain and deeper main channel pools, in order to support a diverse array of generalist and specialist diadromous and potamodromous fishes.
Pelagic food web interactions in a large invaded ecosystem: Implications for reintroducing a native top predator
Authors: Hansen Adam G. , McCoy Allison , Thiede Gary P. , Beauchamp David A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA series of species introductions, overexploitation, and habitat modification preceded the extirpation of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi; LCT), historically the apex predator, from Lake Tahoe, California‐Nevada, USA. Studies evaluating limiting factors for LCT emphasise the need to elucidate food web interactions, yet important knowledge gaps regarding trophic interactions among nonnative pelagic fishes and invertebrates remain. We quantified the abundance and consumption demand of planktivores with an emphasis on kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Mysis diluviana. We synthesised this new information with existing information for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). The seasonal supply of copepods satisfied the consumption demand of kokanee, but only supported low feeding and growth rates. Kokanee relied heavily on Mysis as prey, an unusual result. Mysis exhibited a high degree of herbivory initially followed by heavier consumption on copepods by larger individuals. Consumption demand for Mysis on copepods exceeded that of kokanee during all seasons. Mysis contributed to over 50% of the annual energy budget for lake trout up to 625 mm. Consumption of Mysis by lake trout and kokanee represented a significant source of mortality when compared to the production of Mysis. Predation on kokanee was sustainable, only involved lake trout >625 mm, and was focused on prespawning aggregations. Despite the presence of Mysis‐fueled lake trout, kokanee have persisted; a noteworthy pattern when considering the negative responses of kokanee to nonnative lake trout and Mysis observed elsewhere. This pattern suggests that there may still be an effective niche for LCT in the invaded Lake Tahoe ecosystem.
Mergers and acquisitions research in finance and accounting: Past, present, and future
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Jindal Varun , Kumar Satish , Pandey Nitesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study presents an analysis of publication patterns and major themes in research on mergers and acquisitions in finance and accounting. We find that takeovers as mechanisms of governance, drivers of mergers, mechanisms of mergers, bank mergers, cross‐border mergers, shareholder wealth effects of mergers and related events, and the role of financial experts and ownership structure form major themes of research in the finance area, while in accounting area major themes are corporate governance and accounting outcomes, predicting takeovers and their outcomes, valuation, financial reporting and takeover decisions, and financial reporting and performance.
Revealing the relationship between nitrogen use efficiency‐related QTLs and carbon and nitrogen metabolism regulation in poplar
Authors: Du Changjian , Zhang Min , Zhou Xinglu , Bai Yongxia , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Lei , Hu Jianjun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPoplar provides a large amount of bioenergy and wood, but the lack of soil nitrogen in poplar plantations has seriously restricted its wood production. Using Populus deltoides ‘Danhong’, P. simonii ‘Tongliao1’, and their F1 populations as materials, nitrogen fertilizer and no nitrogen fertilizer were applied in the field. Under different nitrogen conditions, the wood yield of ‘Danhong’ was much higher than that of ‘Tongliao 1’, which indicated that ‘Danhong’ had excellent genetic resources related to nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Based on a high‐density genetic map, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses for ground diameter, plant height, stem biomass, and nitrogen response index. A total of 276 QTLs and 774 candidate genes were identified. We analysed the metabolites related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism and the transcriptome of the developing xylem in 10 clones under high‐ and low‐nitrogen conditions. Through weighted gene coexpression network analysis, it was found that the MEyellow module was closely related to biomass, carbon, and nitrogen metabolism, and a gene coexpression network was established. Finally, candidate genes NRT3.1, NPF5.1, NPF5.10, and NPF8.1 related to nitrogen transport; transcription factors NLP8.1, NLP8.2, and NLP2 regulating nitrogen transport; genes Potri.010G070900, GDH2, and SHM2 related to amino acid metabolism; and genes Necap2, Dscr3, trappc2l, Potri.013G072600, and LAX2 related to carbon metabolism were identified. This work provides abundant genetic resources for the genetic improvement of poplar NUE and provides new insights into the linkage mechanism between NUE and biomass yield.
Tooth loss and dementia amongst older adults residing in long‐term care facilities in Vancouver: A case‐control study
Authors: Yoon Joon‐Ho , Tong Nicholas , Wyatt Chris C.L. 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThe purpose of this case‐control study was to determine the association between dementia and the number of missing teeth, functional occlusal units and denture use in older adults residing in Long‐Term Care (LTC) facilities.BackgroundMany studies have shown an association between dementia and tooth loss. However, few studies with a large sample size have been reported describing the relationship between dementia and the number of missing teeth, remaining teeth and functional occlusal units.MethodsAn oral health assessment database of 2160 older adults admitted to LTC facilities in Vancouver, Canada, between 2015–2019 was utilised. Participants with a diagnosis of dementia in their medical records (N = 1174) were compared to those without dementia (N = 986). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore a potential association between the number of missing teeth, functional occlusal units and the use of dentures and dementia.ResultsThe number of remaining teeth (OR = 1.0, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.0–1.0; P = .054) and number of functional occlusal units (OR = 1.0, 95% CI = 1.0–1.0; P = .059) were not associated with dementia after adjusting for age, sex, oral self‐care and systemic conditions. Denture use (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.5–2.4; P = .790) was not associated with dementia in edentulous patients.ConclusionThere was no association between dementia and the number of remaining teeth, functional occlusal units or wearing dentures.
Experiences of psilocybin treatment for clinical conditions: A qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Crowe Marie , Manuel Jenni , Carlyle Dave , Lacey Cameron 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is increasing clinical interest in the use of psilocybin. There is emerging evidence of the efficacy of psilocybin for the treatment of a range of clinical conditions. Mental health nurses have a unique set of skills for caring for people who are hallucinating. To expand these skills to meet the developing clinical interest in the therapeutic use of psilocybin, it is helpful to understand the experience from the perspective of the person being treated with psilocybin. A qualitative meta‐synthesis was conducted to examine how those with psilocybin described their experiences to identify whether its effects are similar across different health conditions. Ten studies were included in the review. The health conditions studied were cancer, depression, HIV, substance use disorder, smoking cessation and trauma. The synthesis of findings identified three themes that were common across the studies despite the health condition: acceptance, connection and transformation. The review provides helpful insights into how people experience psilocybin and its effects on their health condition.
Risk factors and the nomogram model for intraoperatively acquired pressure injuries in children with brain tumours: A retrospective study
Authors: Qu Hong , Tang Xurong , Zeng Wei , Fu Shaochuan , Zhou Rong , Mou Shaoyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the clinical features and incidence of Intraoperatively Acquired Pressure Injuries (IAPIs) of brain tumours in children, to screen the risk factors and to establish a nomogram model for making prevention strategies against the development of IAPIs. Clinical data of 628 children undergoing brain tumour surgery from August 2019 to August 2021 were extracted from the adverse events and the electronic medical systems. They were randomly divided into a training cohort(n = 471) and a validation cohort(n = 157). The univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify the risk factors in training cohort; R software was used to construct a nomogram model; the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots were used to judge the predictive performance of the nomogram model; decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical usefulness of the nomogram model. Age, haemorrhage, use of vasopressor, temperature, operation time and operation position were considered as significant risk factors, and enrolled to construct a nomogram model. The results of AUC showed satisfactory discrimination of the nomogram; the calibration plots indicated favourable consistency between the prediction of the nomogram and actual observations in both the training and validation cohorts; DCA showed better net benefit and threshold probability of the nomogram model. The nomogram model illustrates significant predictive ability, which can provide scientific and individual guidance for preventing development of IAPIs.
Effect of daily chlorhexidine bathing on reducing infections caused by multidrug‐resistant organisms in intensive care unit patients: A semiexperimental study with parallel controls
Authors: Huang Wenzhi , Qiao Fu , Cai Lin , Zong Zhiyong , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of daily bathing by chlorhexidine bathing on multidrug‐resistant organisms in ICU, especially on carbapenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), and carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE).MethodsSemiexperimental study which employed both precontrols and a parallel control was conducted. In the intervention period (from July 1 to December 31, 2016), strengthened infection control measures and daily bathing with 2% CHG‐impregnated wipes once daily was performed in the ICU. Fifty‐seven non‐ICU wards with the occurrence of multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDRO) infections during the same time were selected as parallel control group (only CHG bathing was not performed). The net effect of the 2% CHG daily bathing was evaluated by the difference in difference (DID) model.ResultsThe DID model analysis showed that CHG bathing reduced the incidence of CRAB‐ and CRPA‐caused infections in ICU by 1.56 and 2.15 cases/1000 patient days, and bathing of every 19 patients (95CI% 13 to 41) and 39 patients (95CI% 24 to 110) were able to prevent one case of HAIs of total MDROs and CRPA, respectively. However, CHG bathing showed no effect on MRSA, VRE, and CRE (p > 0.05).ConclusionDaily bathing with 2% CHG‐impregnated wipes can reduce HAIs caused by CRAB and CRPA, while it is not effective for the prevalence of infections caused by MRSA, VRE, and CRE.
Definition of low‐value care in a low‐risk preoperative population: A scoping review
Authors: F. John Josiane , B. S. Etges Ana Paula , A. Z. Marcolino Miriam , D. Urman Richard , Marques‐Gomes João , A. Polanczyk Carisi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRationalePreoperative care is one of the main areas in which to address low‐value care. A detailed definition of what low‐value care is in this period of the surgical care journey paves the way for new scientific research, clinical improvements, and reduction of unnecessary costs in this field.Aims and ObjectiveTo identify how low‐value care in low‐risk preoperative population has been defined in the scientific literature and propose a low‐value care framework with potential consequences in this setting.MethodsScoping review of theoretical studies and peer‐reviewed papers, including reviews, commentaries, or expert opinions, were considered eligible for inclusion. The following databases were consulted: MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and SCOPUS (from inception to July 24, 2021), using a structured search with the keywords “low value care”, “clinical waste”, “preoperative”, and “elective procedures.” Two independent reviewers performed study selection and data extraction. The definition of low‐value care in the preoperative period and their consequences were described after extracting previous low‐value care concepts and summarising the contents. Also, a visual framework was built with this information.ResultsFrom 1519 publications identified in the initial searches, 22 underwent full‐text assessment, and 11 conceptual studies were included in the review. A total of four studies (36%) presented a general low‐value care definition, and all studies report some situations considered low‐value care in the preoperative field of low‐risk surgeries. The most common example of preoperative low‐value care, listed in nine studies (81%), was having asymptomatic patients undergo screening tests before surgery. The main clinical and nonclinical consequences of low‐value care in the preoperative phase included false‐positive results from exams as well as psychological distress, increased costs, and delay in surgery.ConclusionsRevisiting and integrating previous definitions of low‐value care in low‐risk surgery into a scoping review is a starting point for de‐implementing unnecessary care and promoting improvements in surgical pathways.