bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐intensity climbing with blood flow restriction over 5 weeks increases grip and elbow flexor endurance in advanced climbers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Held Steffen , Rappelt Ludwig , Rein Robert , Wiedenmann Tim , Donath Lars 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTGrip and elbow flexor strength and endurance are crucial performance surrogates in competitive climbing. Thus, we examined the effects of blood flow restricted (BFR) climbing on grip and elbow flexor performance. Fifteen trained climbers (8 females; 20.8 ± 7.0 yrs; 1.72 ± 0.08 m; 63.0 ± 9.7 kg; 21.7 ± 2.7 IRCRCA grade) were either assigned to the intervention (BFR) or control (noBFR) group, using the minimization method (Strata: age, height, body mass, gender, and IRCRA grade). While BFR was used during low‐intensity climbing training (2‐times 10 min/session; 3‐times/week), noBFR followed identical training protocols without BFR over 5 weeks. BFR of the upper limb was applied via customized pneumatic cuffs (occlusion pressure: 120 ± 23 mmHg, 75%; occlusion pressure). Endurance and strength performances were assessed via one‐handed rung pulling (GripSTRENGTH), one‐handed bent arm lock off at 90° (ArmSTRENGTH), static‐intermitted finger hang (GripENDURANCE), and bent arm hang (ArmENDURANCE). Bayesian credible intervals revealed increased GripENDURANCE (+21 s (95% credible interval: −2 to 43 s)) and ArmENDURANCE +11 s (−5 to 27 s); adaptations via BFR. In contrast, GripSTRENGTH +4 N (−40 to 48 N) and ArmSTRENGTH +4 N (−68 to 75 N) were not affected by the BFR intervention. Fifteen cumulative sessions of BFR application with a cumulative total BFR load of 5 h over a 5 weeks macrocycle remarkably increased grip and elbow flexor endurance. Thus, BFR might serve as a promising means to improve relevant performance surrogates in trained climbers.
Vanadium oxide, vanadium oxynitride, and cobalt oxynitride as electrocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction: a review of recent developments
Authors: Balogun Kabirat , Ganesan Ashwin , Chukwunenye Precious , Gharaee Mojgan , Adesope Qasim , Nemšák Slavomir , Bagus Paul S , Cundari Thomas R , D’Souza Francis , Kelber Jeffry A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The electrocatalytic reduction of molecular nitrogen to ammonia—the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR)—is of broad interest as an environmentally- and energy-friendly alternative to the Haber–Bosch process for agricultural and emerging energy applications. Herein, we review our recent findings from collaborative electrochemistry/surface science/theoretical studies that counter several commonly held assumptions regarding transition metal oxynitrides and oxides as NRR catalysts. Specifically, we find that for the vanadium oxide, vanadium oxynitride, and cobalt oxynitride systems, (a) there is no Mars–van Krevelen mechanism and that the reduction of lattice nitrogen and N2 to NH3 occurs by parallel reaction mechanisms at O-ligated metal sites without incorporation of N into the oxide lattice; and (b) that NRR and the hydrogen evolution reaction do occur in concert under the conditions studied for Co oxynitride, but not for V oxynitride. Additionally, these results highlight the importance of both O-ligation of the V or Co center for metal-binding of dinitrogen, and the importance of N in stabilizing the transition metal cation in an intermediate oxidation state, for effective N≡N bond activation. This review also highlights the importance and limitations of ex situ and in situ photoemission—involving controlled transfer between ultra-high vacuum and electrochemistry environments, and of operando near ambient pressure photoemission coupled with in situ studies, in elucidating the complex chemistry relevant to the electrolyte/solid interface.
Thin film preparation of polyphenol oxidase enzyme (PPO) and investigation of its organic vapor interaction mechanism
Authors: Evyapan M , Deniz D E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study investigated spin coated thin films of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme as vapor sensor to detect chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol and toluene. Thin film of enzyme was produced onto a bio-composite (gelatine chitosan) first layer via 5000 rpm spin speed. The density and the viscosity of the enzyme were 1.2 g ml−1 and 68 mPa.s respectively. UV–visible spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements were carried out to analyze the reproducibility of PPO spun film. It was found that the PPO enzyme can be transferred onto a solid substrate as a solid state thin film form. The sensor films of PPO enzyme were exposed to various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol and toluene) with different fixed concentrations. The sensing responses of PPO thin films versus five vapors were investigated using QCM as the time dependence frequency recording method. The PPO sensor films exhibited high sensitivity and fast responses against all VOCs. But the response rate and magnitude were changed depending on the chemical structure and the molecular size of the analyte vapor. Recorded frequency changes as monitored by QCM technique have been integrated with the Fick’s second law of diffusion to determine the diffusion coefficients of analyte vapors. The results showed that the interaction characteristics between PPO and the analytes can be considered in terms of two main processes which are surface interaction and diffusion. And it was concluded that the formation of these two processes during the interaction depend on the molecular size and functional group of the analytes. These results showed that enzymes can be integrated into vapor sensor system as active layer and are promising for further sensor studies.
3D anisotropic Navier–Stokes equations in
T2×R
: stability and large-time behaviour
Authors: Ji Ruihong , Tian Ling , Wu Jiahong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study on the large-time behaviour of solutions to the 3D incompressible anisotropic Navier–Stokes (ANS) equations is very recent. Powerful tools designed for the Navier–Stokes equations with full Laplacian dissipation such as the Fourier splitting method no longer apply to the case when there is only horizontal dissipation. For the whole space

R

3

, as

t
→
∞

, solutions of the ANS equations converge to the trivial solution and the convergence rate is algebraic. This paper is devoted to the case when the spatial domain Ω is

T

2

×

R

. Our results reveal that the large-time behaviour for

T

2

×

R

is quite different from that for

R

3

. We show that any small initial velocity field

u
0

∈

H

2

(
Ω
)

leads to a unique global solution u that remains small in

H

2

(
Ω
)

. More importantly, as

t
→
∞

, the velocity field u converges to a nontrivial steady state. The first two components of the steady state are given by the horizontal average of the first two components of u
0 while the third component vanishes. In addition, this convergence is exponentially fast.
Effects of atlas-based anatomy on modelled light transport in the neonatal head
Authors: Hirvi Pauliina , Kuutela Topi , Fang Qianqian , Hannukainen Antti , Hyvönen Nuutti , Nissilä Ilkka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) provides a relatively convenient method for imaging haemodynamic changes related to neuronal activity on the cerebral cortex. Due to practical challenges in obtaining anatomical images of neonates, an anatomical framework is often created from an age-appropriate atlas model, which is individualized to the subject based on measurements of the head geometry. This work studies the approximation error arising from using an atlas instead of the neonate's own anatomical model. Approach. We consider numerical simulations of frequency-domain (FD) DOT using two approaches, Monte Carlo simulations and diffusion approximation via finite element method, and observe the variation in (1) the logarithm of amplitude and phase shift measurements, and (2) the corresponding inner head sensitivities (Jacobians), due to varying segmented anatomy. Varying segmentations are sampled by registering 165 atlas models from a neonatal database to the head geometry of one individual selected as the reference model. Prior to the registration, we refine the segmentation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by separating the CSF into two physiologically plausible layers. Main results. In absolute measurements, a considerable change in the grey matter or extracerebral tissue absorption coefficient was found detectable over the anatomical variation. In difference measurements, a small local 10%-increase in brain absorption was clearly detectable in the simulated measurements over the approximation error in the Jacobians, despite the wide range of brain maturation among the registered models. Significance. Individual-level atlas models could potentially be selected within several weeks in gestational age in DOT difference imaging, if an exactly age-appropriate atlas is not available. The approximation error method could potentially be implemented to improve the accuracy of atlas-based imaging. The presented CSF segmentation algorithm could be useful also in other model-based imaging modalities. The computation of FD Jacobians is now available in the widely-used Monte Carlo eXtreme software.
A study on the antibacterial property and biocompatibility of ramie fiber
Authors: Wei Changsheng , Xiong Shibing , Zhang Siqi , Cui Yifan , Wang Simeng , Lu Xugang , Chen Jun , Zhang Mei , Yang Bangcheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ramie fiber (RF) has excellent tensile strength and breathability, making it a promising material for biomedical applications. However, few studies on the antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of RF have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial property and biocompatibility of RF with bacteria and fibroblasts. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of RF was better than that of natural cotton fiber (NCF) and close to that of medical cotton fiber (MCF) for both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E.coli), and RF was more antibacterial against S. aureus than E.coli. The RF, MCF and NCF promoted the proliferation and spread of mouse fibroblast (L929) cells. The results indicated that RF has excellent antibacterial properties and biocompatibility, making it a potential biomaterial for biomedical applications.
Discrete time heat kernel and UV modified propagators with dimensional deconstruction
Authors: Kan Nahomi , Shiraishi Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We revisit the dimensionally deconstructed scalar quantum electrodynamics and consider the (Euclidean) propagator of the scalar field in the model. Although we have previously investigated the one-loop effect in this model by obtaining the usual heat kernel trace, we adopt discrete proper-time heat kernels in this paper and aim to construct the modified propagator, which has improved behaviors in the ultraviolet region, by changing the range of sum of the discrete heat kernels.
89 Lung Single Cell Transcriptomics to Guide the Development of AOP Anchored Cell-Based Assays in Response to Nanoparticle Exposure
Authors: Han Lianyong , Voss Carola , Ansari Meshal , Strunz Maximilian , Angelidis Ilias , Haefner Verena , Mayr Christoph , Ballester Carolina , Liu Qiongliang , Yildirim Ali Oender , Conlon Thomas , Voger Ulla , Rehberg Markus , Schiller Herbert B , Stoeger Tobias 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inhaled nanoparticles (NP) can cause acute and chronic inflammation. Here we seek to identify NP-specific cellular perturbation pathways and the underlying key cell types to inform adverse outcome pathway (AOP) anchored in vitro studies, by single cell transcriptomics. We exposed mice intratracheally to carbon black (CNP), tangled double-walled (DWCNT) and rigid, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). All lungs underwent single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), histology and BAL analysis. At the chosen doses all NPs caused comparable airspace neutrophilia at 12h, which increased until d6 for the CNTs but remained elevated until d28 only for MWCNT, indicating the key event (KE) acute and chronic inflammation. Comparing scRNA-seq and BAL cytokine levels at 12h, differentiated the fate of inflammation NP specifically. In agreement with airspace neutrophilia, CNP uniquely triggered GM-CSF and CXCL1 release, with Csf2 and Cxcl1 mRNAs being expressed mainly in alveolar epithelial cells. DWCNT caused CCL2, -3 and -4 release involving interstitial macrophages and monocytes, associated with acute high lung monocyte and at d6 high BAL macrophage numbers. MWCNT in contrast caused ample BAL cytokine increases involving different cell types and specifically caused a Th2 cytokine response (CCL11, IL10), a crucial KE of fibrosis AOPs. MWCNT triggered cell communication analysis uncovered NP-specific networks including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, dendritic cells and endothelial cells. Our study uncovers early NP-specific cell perturbations and identified first specific cellular response pattern to guide AOP predictive cell-based testing strategies. Further analysis of the cellular dynamics shall enhance our understanding of NP specific cell circuits and related pathologies.
127 Photochemical Aging Increases Toxicity of EURO 6 Gasoline Car Exhaust in Lung Epithelial Cells at the Air-Liquid Interface
Authors: Delaval Mathilde N , Czech Hendryk , Almasaleekh Mohammad , Offer Svenja , Ihalainen Mika , Yli-Pirilä Pasi , Hohaus Thorsten , Kalberer Markus , Bucchianico Sebastiano Di , Sippula Olli , Rudich Yinon , Zimmermann Ralf ,   all members of aeroHEALTH consortium
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Traffic emissions contribute to ambient air pollution, posing a threat to human health. The installation of stricter exhaust emission standards and particle filters led to a significant decrease of particulate matter emissions by cars. However, little is known about how atmospheric transformation changes the toxicity of exhaust emissions from modern cars. We evaluated the physico-chemical properties and toxicological effects of fresh and photochemically aged aerosols from a gasoline EURO 6 car equipped with a particulate filter. A549 alveolar and BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were exposed for 4h to aerosols at the air-liquid interface. The toxicity was determined by measuring cell viability, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, primary and oxidative DNA damage. Particle number concentration (PN) in fresh aerosol was negligible while photochemical aging with an equivalent photochemical age of 5 days led to PN of 6.6´106 cm-3 with a mean size of 35 nm. Secondary aerosol particles predominantly consisted of organic matter, nitrate, and ammonium, which were formed by the oxidative gas-to-particle conversion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly aromatic hydrocarbons, and NOx in the exhaust. Significant levels of oxygenated VOCs were also detected. Fresh aerosol caused no cytotoxicity in lung cells, but led to slight DNA damage whereas aged aerosol caused toxicity to both cell models, oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage mainly due to the gas phase. Our results indicate a significant toxification of the emissions by photochemical aging. This calls for considering atmospheric processes in future exhaust emission standards for the transport sector toward health effect-driven emission regulations.
O021 Utilising an accelerated delphi process to develop consensus on the requirement and components of a pre-procedural core robotic surgery curriculum
Authors: Burke J , Fleming C , King M , El-Sayed C , Bolton W , Munsch C , Harji D , Bach S , Collins J W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Robot-assisted Surgery (RAS) continues to grow globally. Despite this, in the UK and Ireland, it is estimated that over 70% of surgical trainees across all specialities have no access to robot-assisted surgical training (RAST). This study aimed to provide educational bodies guidance on a pre-procedural core robotic surgery curriculum (PPCRC) from the perspective of the end user; the surgical trainee.

Methods
The study was conducted in four Phases: P1: A steering group was formed and a systematic review conducted P2: Pan-Specialty Trainee Panel Virtual Classroom Discussion, P3: Accelerated Delphi Process and P4: Formulation of Recommendations. Forty-three surgeons in training representing all surgical specialties and training levels contributed to a three-round Delphi process. Additions to the second- and third-round surveys were formulated based on the answers and comments from previous rounds. Consensus opinion was defined as ≥80% agreement.

Results
There was 100% response from all three rounds. The formulated guidance showed good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha &gt;0.8). There was 97.7% agreement that a standardised PPCRC would be advantageous to training and that, independent of speciality, there should be a common approach (95.5% agreement). Consensus was reached in multiple areas: 1. Experience and Exposure, 2. Access and context, 3. Curriculum Components, 4 Target Groups and Delivery, 5. Objective Metrics, Benchmarking and Assessment.

Conclusion
Using accelerated Delphi methodology, multispecialty consensus among trainees to develop and reach content validation for the requirements and components of a PPCRC in the UK and Ireland was achieved. This guidance will benefit from further validation following implementation.
O161 Profiling UK injectable aesthetic practitioners: a national cohort analysis
Authors: Zargaran D , Zargaran A , Terranova T , Khaledi H , Robinson A , Davies J , Weyrich T , Mosahebi A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The United Kingdom injectables market has been growing rapidly. The lack of formal, robust regulation has led to the UK Government seeking to evaluate methods of regulating the industry, as very little information or evidence is available regarding practitioners. We aim to provide a descriptive and qualitative analysis of the advertised practitioners in the United Kingdom.

Methods
Between June-December 2022, we performed a systematic search using the internet search engine Google to perform a qualitative descriptive analysis of aesthetic practitioners in the UK. For each contiguous country in the UK: England, Scotland, and Wales, five searches were performed. The list of practitioners was then cross-referenced with professional regulatory bodies.

Results
3,667 practitioners were identified as those undertaking injectable practice. Doctors formed the majority of practitioners at 32%. Dentists and dental nurses formed 24% and 8% respectively of practitioners, and trainee dental nurses–2%. Of the 1,163 doctors identified, a total of 481 were on the specialist register (41%) and 219 were on the GP register (19%). A total of 27 specialties were represented in this cohort analysis. Plastic Surgery formed the majority of those who were on the specialist register at 37%, followed by Dermatology at 18%.

Conclusion
This paper is the first to describe the range of practitioners, their professional backgrounds and experience who perform non-surgical aesthetic interventions. The range of backgrounds may have an impact on the potential risks to patients and will be an important consideration in proposed legislation to introduce licensing to the industry.
P16 Patient reported outcomes of cancer survivors with radiation induced fibrosis
Authors: Martin S , Awad L , Langridge B , Turner B , Bakko F , Butler P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
This study aims to better understand the lived experience of head and neck cancer survivors who suffer from radiation induced fibrosis (RIF). Recording the lived experience of RIF will better inform us on the use of autologous fat grafting (AFG) as a therapy.

Methods
A focus group (n=5, M=3, F=2) was facilitated, centred around the impact of RIF on head/neck function, appearance, emotional and psychological wellbeing, and socio-economic aspects of participant's lives. Participants discussed the wider issues of cancer survivorship, patient education, and healthcare service provision. Coding and thematic analysis of the verbatim audio transcript was undertaken. We compared this data to currently available patient reported outcome measures, notably the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UW-QOL) and modified our survey to encompass these experiences.

Results
Eight main themes were highlighted, listed in order of importance to patients; 1-Physical head and neck functions 2-Relationship with healthcare providers 3-Socioeconomic aspects of life 4-Appearance 5-Psychological and emotional wellbeing 6-Freedom and independence 7-External/Personal knowledge and sources of information for patients 8-Pain. Quantitative validation of our modified questionnaire, based on these results, and distribution to a wider patient cohort has further demonstrated the severity of symptoms experienced by these cancer survivors.

Conclusion
There is a clear unmet need for long-term support and novel treatments for this patient group. Future research should focus on treatments such as AFG, which could improve functional outcomes, appearance and emotional wellbeing in RIF patients.
Stem cells and discogenic back pain
Authors: Miranda Luca , Quaranta Marco , Oliva Francesco , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic low back pain, common from the sixth decade, negatively impacts the quality of life of patients and health care systems. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been introduced in the management of degenerative discogenic pain. The present study summarizes the current knowledge on the effectiveness of MSCs in patients with discogenic back pain.Sources of dataWe performed a systematic review of the literature following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar database, and identified 14 articles about management of chronic low back pain with MSCs injection therapy. We recorded information on type of stem cells employed, culture medium, clinical scores and MRI outcomes.Areas of agreementWe identified a total of 303 patients. Ten studies used bone marrow stem cells. In the other four studies, different stem cells were used (of adipose, umbilical, or chondrocytic origin and a pre-packaged product). The most commonly used scores were Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index.Areas of controversyThere are few studies with many missing data.Growing pointsThe studies analysed demonstrate that intradiscal injections of MSCs are effective on discogenic low-back pain. This effect may result from inhibition of nociceptors, reduction of catabolism and repair of injured or degenerated tissues.Areas timely for developing researchFurther research should define the most effective procedure, trying to standardize a single method.