bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA helicase DDX6 and scaffold protein GW182 in P-bodies promote biogenesis of stress granules
Authors: Majerciak Vladimir , Zhou Tongqing , Kruhlak Michael J , Zheng Zhi-Ming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Two prominent cytoplasmic RNA granules, ubiquitous RNA-processing bodies (PB) and inducible stress granules (SG), regulate mRNA translation and are intimately related. In this study, we found that arsenite (ARS)-induced SG formed in a stepwise process is topologically and mechanically linked to PB. Two essential PB components, GW182 and DDX6, are repurposed under stress to play direct but distinguishable roles in SG biogenesis. By providing scaffolding activities, GW182 promotes the aggregation of SG components to form SG bodies. DEAD-box helicase DDX6 is also essential for the proper assembly and separation of PB from SG. DDX6 deficiency results in the formation of irregularly shaped ‘hybrid’ PB/SG granules with accumulated components of both PB and SG. Wild-type DDX6, but not its helicase mutant E247A, can rescue the separation of PB from SG in DDX6KO cells, indicating a requirement of DDX6 helicase activity for this process. DDX6 activity in biogenesis of both PB and SG in the cells under stress is further modulated by its interaction with two protein partners, CNOT1 and 4E-T, of which knockdown affects the formation of both PB and also SG. Together, these data highlight a new functional paradigm between PB and SG biogenesis during the stress.
An S-band cryogenic phased array feed for radio astronomy
Authors: McCulloch Mark A , D’Cruze Michael , Grainge Keith , Keith Michael , Melhuish Simon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We describe the design and ground testing of a prototype S-band cryogenic phased array feed. The feed uses 6-mm thick solid aluminium Vivaldi antennas, which were designed using a commercial electromagnetic simulation software. The antennas are designed for easy removal and 40 of them have been integrated into an array. The return loss, inter-element coupling, and beam patterns have been tested at room temperature and found to agree with simulations. For cryogenic testing the array has been combined with an existing analogue receiver chain and integrated into an cryostat. When tested at 30 K in aperture array mode the system was found to possess a minimum receiver temperature of 12 K. Increasing the number of elements and combining the array with a beam former would make it a suitable phased array feed for radio-astronomy applications.
Novel phosphate binder oxylanthanum carbonate effectively reduced serum and urine phosphorus concentrations in animal models
Authors: Gupta Pramod , Khare Atul , Reddy Guru 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Over 40% of dialysis patients have above-target phosphate. The efficacy and safety of oxylanthanum carbonate (OLC), a novel phosphate binder that forms the same insoluble phosphate complex as lanthanum carbonate, were assessed in two animal models.

Methods
Three groups of nephrectomized cats (n = 4 per group) received 0.0466 g OLC/kg body weight, 0.233 g OLC/kg body weight, or placebo. Six groups of rats (n = 6 per group) received placebo or 0.049, 0.099, 0.197, 0.394 or 0.788 g OLC/day. Endpoints included phosphate concentrations (urine, faecal and plasma) and serum lanthanum concentrations. All animals were observed for tolerance, injury and mortality.

Key findings
In cats, urine phosphorus concentrations decreased across treatment groups and faecal phosphorus excretion increased in higher dose groups compared to control and lower dose groups. A clear but non-significant decline in plasma phosphate was observed. In rats, urine phosphorus concentrations also decreased in all groups. The majority of serum lanthanum concentrations for rats in treatment groups were not significantly different from those in control groups. The study drug was well tolerated in both models.

Conclusions
OLC was effective for phosphate management and efficacy may be dose dependent. OLC was safe and well tolerated, indicating that it should be evaluated in the target population of patients with hyperphosphatemia.
hucMSCs Treatment Ameliorated Pulmonary Fibrosis via Downregulating the circFOXP1-HuR-EZH2/STAT1/FOXK1 Autophagic Axis
Authors: Li Ruiqiong , Zhang Haitong , Zhang Jinjin , Ji Yunxia , Liu Wenbo , Liu Weili , Wang Meirong , Lv Changjun , Song Xiaodong , Li Hongbo , Li Minge 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study was performed to determine the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) treatment on pulmonary fibrosis and investigate the circFOXP1-mediated autophagic mechanism of hucMSCs treatment. Pulmonary fibrosis models were established by spraying bleomycin in mice and TGF-β1 treatment of MRC-5 cells. Results showed that hucMSCs were retained in lung and hucMSCs treatment alleviated pulmonary fibrosis. Morphological staining indicated that hucMSCs-treated mice had thinner alveolar walls, effectively improved alveolar structure, significantly reduced alveolar inflammation, and decreased collagen deposition than control mice. Fibrotic proteins, including vimentin, α-SMA, collagens I and III, and the differentiation-related protein S100 calcium-binding protein A4 was reduced considerably in the hucMSCs-treated group. The mechanistic study revealed that the inhibition of hucMSCs treatment on pulmonary fibrogenesis depended on downregulating circFOXP1, in which hucMSCs treatment promoted circFOXP1-mediated autophagy process via blocking the nuclear human antigen R (HuR) translocation and promoting the HuR degradation, leading to a marked decrease in autophagy negative regulators EZH2, STAT1, and FOXK1. In conclusion, hucMSCs treatment significantly improved pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating the circFOXP1-HuR-EZH2/STAT1/FOXK1 autophagic axis. hucMSCs can act as an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.
Factors Associated with Resilience among MSW Students in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carbajal Jose , Schuman Donna L , Ponder Warren N , Bishop Christine M , Hall Amber , Bolton Kristin W 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 continues to affect the general population, and its impact on MSW students is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to examine resilience, attachment, and other mental health constructs among MSW students during COVID-19. U.S. MSW program directors were emailed the electronic surveys to distribute to their MSW students. Authors evaluated the bivariate relationship between the variables and conducted a multiple hierarchical regression predicting resilience. The findings suggest that individuals with higher levels of resilience have lower levels of depression and PTSD. Finally, attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and self-efficacy were statistically significant predictors of resilience in the hierarchical regression. This study adds to the literature on how MSW students have been impacted by COVID-19 stressors and the role resilience, self-efficacy, and attachment styles have in terms of mental health outcomes during the pandemic. These results are important when considering interventions to assist MSW students during and after the pandemic, especially regarding stress reduction and student success.
GSK-3β and β-Catenin Signaling Pathway is Involved in Myofibroblast Transition of Ligamentum Flavum in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Patients
Authors: Shin Hong Kyung , Seo Kyung Jin , Lee Jee Youn , Jeon Sang Ryong , Yune Tae Young 
Published: July 2023

Study Design.
Histologic analysis of the ligamentum flavum (LF) in the lumbar spine.

Objective.
The objective of this study is to investigate the levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin in the LF tissue of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Summary of Background Data.
The hypertrophy of the LF is the primary cause of the progression of LSS. Recently, Wnt signaling has been proposed as one of the molecular processes contributing to LF hypertrophy. GSK-3β and β-catenin are recognized to play a crucial part in the control of this signaling pathway.

Materials and Methods.
From May 2020 to July 2022, LF from 51 LSS patients (LSS group) and 18 lumbar disc herniation patients (control group) were prospectively collected during surgery. Histologic analysis was investigated to confirm the progression of LF fibrosis. The levels of α-smooth muscle actin, phosphorylation of GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β; inactive form), and β-catenin were analyzed in LF with Western blot analysis to reveal the GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. Continuous variables are expressed as mean±SD and compared using the student t test. Categorical variables are compared using the χ2 test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate. To determine the association between p-GSK-3β and LF thickness, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated based on the results of Western blot analysis.

Results.
The LSS group was older and had thicker LF than the controls. The LSS group showed increased collagen fiber and cellularity than the controls. The levels of α-smooth muscle actin, p-GSK-3β, and β-catenin in the LF of the LSS group were significantly higher than that of the control group. There was a strong positive correlation between p-GSK-3β (Ser9) level and LF thickness in LSS patients (r=0.69, P=0.01).

Conclusion.
This research proposes a molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of LF hypertrophy in LSS. Specifically, GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling appears to be related to LF hypertrophy in LSS and a positive correlation exists between p-GSK-3β level and LF thickness.

Level of Evidence.
Level 3.
Subclassification of Sanders Maturation Stage 3 Demonstrates Differences in Spine and Total Height Velocity Between 3A and 3B in Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Hori Yusuke , Kaymaz Burak , Almeida da Silva Luiz C. , Rogers Kenneth J. , Yorgova Petya , Gabos Peter G. , Shah Suken A. 
Published: July 2023

Study Design.
A single-center retrospective case-control study.

Objective.
To compare the spine and total height velocity between Sanders maturation stage (SMS) 3A and 3B.

Summary of Background Data.
Identifying SMS 3 is critical for treating growing children because it represents the early phase of rapid adolescent growth. However, there is limited literature available that clearly describes the growth differences between 3A and 3B.

Materials and Methods.
The current study included consecutive patients with idiopathic scoliosis staged SMS 3 from January 2012 to December 2021. T1-S1 spine height, total body height, and curve magnitude were measured at the initial and follow-up visits. In addition to the spine and total height velocity calculated per month, corrected height velocity was estimated for curve magnitude using a validated formula. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare SMS 3A and 3B outcomes, followed by a multiple linear regression model to evaluate the association of the SMS subclassifications to growth velocity adjusted for confounding factors.

Results.
A total of 204 patients (66% girls, mean age: 12.3±1.3 y) met the inclusion criteria. Patients staged SMS 3A had higher spine height velocity (mm/month) in both girls (2.3 vs. 1.5, P<0.001) and boys (2.6 vs. 1.7, P<0.001), as well as total height velocity [mm/month; (5.8 vs. 4.3, P<0.001 for girls; 6.6 vs. 4.5, P<0.001 for boys]. Corrected velocity showed similar results with greater spine and total height velocity in SMS 3A. Multivariate analysis indicated a significant association of the SMS subclassification to the spine and total height velocity. The scoliosis curve progression was comparable between SMS 3A and 3B.

Conclusions.
SMS 3A and 3B had differential growth velocity in the spine and total body height. These results indicate the importance of the SMS 3 subclassification for managing scoliosis treatment, including observation, bracing, and surgical interventions with fusion and growth modulation.

Level of Evidence.
Level III—case-control study.
Assessment of cheese sign and its association with vascular risk factors: Data from PUMCH dementia cohort
Authors: Huang Xinying , Hou Bo , Wang Jie , Li Jie , Shang Li , Mao Chenhui , Dong Liling , Liu Caiyan , Feng Feng , Gao Jing , Peng Bin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:
In the clinic, practitioners encounter many patients with an abnormal pattern of dense punctate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal in the basal ganglia, a phenomenon known as "cheese sign". This sign is reported as common in cerebrovascular diseases, dementia, and old age. Recently, cheese sign has been speculated to consist of dense perivascular space (PVS). This study aimed to assess the lesion types of cheese sign and analyze the correlation between this sign and vascular disease risk factors.

Methods:
A total of 812 patients from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) dementia cohort were enrolled. We analyzed the relationship between cheese sign and vascular risk. For assessing cheese sign and defining its degree, the abnormal punctate signals were classified into basal ganglia hyperintensity (BGH), PVS, lacunae/infarctions and microbleeds, and counted separately. Each type of lesion was rated on a four-level scale, and then the sum was calculated; this total was defined as the cheese sign score. Fazekas and Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) scores were used to evaluate the paraventricular, deep, and subcortical gray/white matter hyperintensities.

Results:
A total of 118 patients (14.5%) in this dementia cohort were found to have cheese sign. Age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.090, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.064–1.120, P <0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.828, 95% CI: 1.123–2.983, P = 0.014), and stroke (OR: 1.901, 95% CI: 1.092–3.259, P = 0.025) were risk factors for cheese sign. There was no significant relationship between diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cheese sign. The main components of cheese sign were BGH, PVS, and lacunae/infarction. The proportion of PVS increased with cheese sign severity.

Conclusions:
The risk factors for cheese sign were hypertension, age, and stroke. Cheese sign consists of BGH, PVS, and lacunae/infarction.
Pain management after elective craniotomy
Authors: Mestdagh François P. , Lavand’homme Patricia M. , Pirard Géraldine , Joshi Girish P. , Sauter Axel R. , Van de Velde Marc 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND
Pain after craniotomy can be intense and its management is often suboptimal.

OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate the available literature and develop recommendations for optimal pain management after craniotomy.

DESIGN
A systematic review using procedure-specific postoperative pain management (PROSPECT) methodology was undertaken.

DATA SOURCES
Randomised controlled trials and systematic reviews published in English from 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2021 assessing pain after craniotomy using analgesic, anaesthetic or surgical interventions were identified from MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Databases.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Each randomised controlled trial (RCT) and systematic review was critically evaluated and included only if met the PROSPECT requirements. Included studies were evaluated for clinically relevant differences in pain scores, use of nonopioid analgesics, such as paracetamol and NSAIDs, and current clinical relevance.

RESULTS
Out of 126 eligible studies identified, 53 RCTs and seven systematic review or meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. Pre-operative and intra-operative interventions that improved postoperative pain were paracetamol, NSAIDs, intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion, regional analgesia techniques, including incision-site infiltration, scalp nerve block and acupuncture. Limited evidence was found for flupirtine, intra-operative magnesium sulphate infusion, intra-operative lidocaine infusion, infiltration adjuvants (hyaluronidase, dexamethasone and α-adrenergic agonist added to local anaesthetic solution). No evidence was found for metamizole, postoperative subcutaneous sumatriptan, pre-operative oral vitamin D, bilateral maxillary block or superficial cervical plexus block.

CONCLUSIONS
The analgesic regimen for craniotomy should include paracetamol, NSAIDs, intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion and a regional analgesic technique (either incision-site infiltration or scalp nerve block), with opioids as rescue analgesics. Further RCTs are required to confirm the influence of the recommended analgesic regimen on postoperative pain relief.
Prolonged Exposure to Remdesivir Inhibits the Human Ether-A-Go-Go-Related Gene Potassium Current
Authors: Amarh Enoch , Tisdale James E. , Overholser Brian R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Remdesivir, approved for the treatment of COVID-19, has been associated with heart-rate corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation and torsade de pointes in case reports. However, data are conflicting regarding the ability of remdesivir to inhibit the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG)-related current. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects remdesivir and its primary metabolite, GS-441524, on hERG-related currents. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing hERG were treated with various concentrations of remdesivir and GS-441524. The effects of acute and prolonged exposure on hERG-related current were assessed using whole-cell configuration of voltage-clamp protocols. Acute exposure to remdesivir and GS-441524 had no effect on hERG currents and the half-activation voltage (V1/2). Prolonged treatment with 100 nM and 1 µM remdesivir significantly reduced peak tail currents and hERG current density. The propensity for remdesivir to prolong QTc intervals and induce torsade de pointes in predisposed patients warrants further investigation.
Early Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on U.S. Hospitals
Authors: Li Kate , Al-Amin Mona , Rosko Michael D. 
Published: July 2023

Goal:
The COVID-19 pandemic has left a significant impact on hospitals' operations, expenses, and revenues. However, little is known about the pandemic's financial impact on rural and urban hospitals. Our main objective was to analyze how hospital profitability changed during the first year of the pandemic. We specifically studied the association between COVID-19 infections and hospitalizations and county-level variables with operating margins (OMs) and total margins (TMs).

Methods:
We obtained data from Medicare Cost Reports, the American Hospital Association Annual Survey Database, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (CDC/ATSDR) for 2012–2020. Our final dataset consisted of an unbalanced panel with 17,510 observations for urban hospitals and 17,876 observations for rural hospitals. We estimated separate hospital fixed-effects models for urban and rural hospitals' OMs and TMs. The fixed-effects models controlled for time-invariant differences across hospitals.

Principal Findings:
In our review of the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural and urban hospitals' profits as well as trends in OMs and TMs from 2012 to 2020, we found that OMs were inversely related to the duration of hospitals' exposure to infections in urban and rural locations. In contrast, TMs and hospitals' exposures had a positive relationship. Government relief funds, a source of nonoperating revenue, apparently allowed most hospitals to avoid financial distress from the pandemic. We also found a positive relationship between the magnitude of weekly adult hospitalizations and OMs in urban and rural hospitals. Size, participation in group purchasing organizations (GPOs), and occupancy rates were positively related to OMs, with size and participation in GPOs relating to scale economies and occupancy rates reflecting capital efficiencies.

Practical Applications:
Hospitals' OMs have been declining since 2014. The pandemic made this decline worse, especially for rural hospitals. Federal relief funds, along with investment income, helped hospitals remain financially solvent during the pandemic. However, investment income and temporary federal aid are insufficient to sustain financial well-being. Executives need to explore cost-saving opportunities such as joining a GPO. Small rural hospitals with low occupancy and low community COVID-19 hospitalization rates have been particularly vulnerable to the financial impact of the pandemic. Although federal relief funds have limited hospital financial distress induced by the pandemic, we maintain that the funds should have been more effectively targeted, as the mean TM increased to its highest level in a decade. The disparate results of our analysis of OMs and TMs illustrate the utility of using multiple measures of profitability.
Inpatient Rehabilitation Falls: Comparing Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury Versus Patients With Stroke
Authors: García-Rudolph Alejandro , Wright Mark Andrew , Devilleneuve Emilien Amar , Castillo Eulalia , Opisso Eloy , Tormos Josep María , Hernandez Elena 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Cognitively impaired neurological rehabilitation inpatients are at an increased risk for falls; yet, little is known regarding fall risk of different groups, such as stroke versus traumatic brain injury.

Objectives:
To determine if rehabilitation patients' fall characteristics differ for patients with stroke versus patients with traumatic brain injury.

Methods:
This retrospective observational cohort study evaluates inpatients with stroke or traumatic brain injury admitted to a rehabilitation center in Barcelona, Spain, between 2005 and 2021. We assessed independence in daily activities with the Functional Independence Measure. We compared fallen versus nonfallen patients' features and examined the association between time to first fall and risk using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:
A total of 1,269 fall events were experienced by 898 different patients with traumatic brain injury (n = 313; 34.9%) and stroke (n = 585; 65.1%). A higher proportion of falls for patients with stroke occurred while performing rehabilitation activities (20.2%–9.8%), whereas falls were significantly higher for patients with traumatic brain injury during the night shift. Fall timing revealed completely different behaviors (stroke vs. traumatic brain injury), for example, an absolute peak at 6 a.m. due to young male traumatic patients. Nonfallen patients (n = 1,363; 78.2%) were younger, with higher independence in daily activities scores, and having a larger time since injury to admission; all three were significant fall predictors.

Conclusions:
Patients with traumatic brain injury and stroke showed different fall behaviors. Knowledge of fall patterns and characteristics in the inpatient rehabilitation setting can help design management protocols to mitigate their risk.
Injury and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Intimate Partner Violence in Women in Israel: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ben Natan Merav , Masarwa Rawan , Steinfeld Yaniv , Yonai Yaniv , Berkovich Yaron 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Intimate partner violence is a growing public health concern worldwide, and nurses are uniquely positioned to help identify and refer patients for services. Yet, intimate partner violence injury patterns and characteristics often go unrecognized.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study is to explore injury and sociodemographic characteristics associated with intimate partner violence in women presenting to a single emergency department in Israel.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study analyzed medical records of married women injured by their spouse who presented to a single emergency department in Israel from January 1, 2016, to August 31, 2020.

RESULTS:
In total, 145 cases were included, of which 110 (76%) were Arab and 35 (24%) were Jewish, with a mean age of 40. Patients' injury patterns consisted of contusions, hematomas, and lacerations to the head, face, or upper extremities, not requiring hospitalization, and having a history of emergency department visits in the past 5 years.

CONCLUSION:
Identifying intimate partner violence characteristics and patterns of injury will help nurses identify, initiate treatment, and report suspected abuse.