bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvage of ribose from uridine or RNA supports glycolysis in nutrient-limited conditions
Authors: Skinner Owen S. , Blanco-Fernández Joan , Goodman Russell P. , Kawakami Akinori , Shen Hongying , Kemény Lajos V. , Joesch-Cohen Lena , Rees Matthew G. , Roth Jennifer A. , Fisher David E. , Mootha Vamsi K. , Jourdain Alexis A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlucose is vital for life, serving as both a source of energy and carbon building block for growth. When glucose is limiting, alternative nutrients must be harnessed. To identify mechanisms by which cells can tolerate complete loss of glucose, we performed nutrient-sensitized genome-wide genetic screens and a PRISM growth assay across 482 cancer cell lines. We report that catabolism of uridine from the medium enables the growth of cells in the complete absence of glucose. While previous studies have shown that uridine can be salvaged to support pyrimidine synthesis in the setting of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation deficiency1, our work demonstrates that the ribose moiety of uridine or RNA can be salvaged to fulfil energy requirements via a pathway based on: (1) the phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine by uridine phosphorylase UPP1/UPP2 into uracil and ribose-1-phosphate (R1P), (2) the conversion of uridine-derived R1P into fructose-6-P and glyceraldehyde-3-P by the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway and (3) their glycolytic utilization to fuel ATP production, biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis. Capacity for glycolysis from uridine-derived ribose appears widespread, and we confirm its activity in cancer lineages, primary macrophages and mice in vivo. An interesting property of this pathway is that R1P enters downstream of the initial, highly regulated steps of glucose transport and upper glycolysis. We anticipate that ‘uridine bypass’ of upper glycolysis could be important in the context of disease and even exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Maternal immune activation and role of placenta in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Woods Rebecca M. , Lorusso Jarred M. , Fletcher Jennifer , ElTaher Heidi , McEwan Francesca , Harris Isabella , Kowash Hager M. , D'Souza Stephen W. , Harte Michael , Hager Reinmar , Glazier Jocelyn D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy, leading to maternal immune activation (mIA) and cytokine release, increases the offspring risk of developing a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including schizophrenia. Animal models have provided evidence to support these mechanistic links, with placental inflammatory responses and dysregulation of placental function implicated. This leads to changes in fetal brain cytokine balance and altered epigenetic regulation of key neurodevelopmental pathways. The prenatal timing of such mIA-evoked changes, and the accompanying fetal developmental responses to an altered in utero environment, will determine the scope of the impacts on neurodevelopmental processes. Such dysregulation can impart enduring neuropathological changes, which manifest subsequently in the postnatal period as altered neurodevelopmental behaviours in the offspring. Hence, elucidation of the functional changes that occur at the molecular level in the placenta is vital in improving our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of NDDs. This has notable relevance to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, where inflammatory responses in the placenta to SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and NDDs in early childhood have been reported. This review presents an integrated overview of these collective topics and describes the possible contribution of prenatal programming through placental effects as an underlying mechanism that links to NDD risk, underpinned by altered epigenetic regulation of neurodevelopmental pathways.
Providing Mindful and Informed Health Care for Patients Who Are LGBTQ+: Perspectives for Clinical Audiology
Authors: Kirjava Shade Avery , Sladen Douglas P. , DeBacker J. Riley 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
More than 7% of the U.S. population identifies as LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other identities), meaning clinical audiologists in all settings are likely to encounter LGBTQ+ patients seeking audiological services. This conceptual clinical focus article (a) introduces contemporary LGBTQ+ terms, definitions, and pertinent issues; (b) summarizes the current state of knowledge on barriers to equitable hearing health care access and utilization for people who identify as LGBTQ+; (c) explores the legal, ethical, and moral obligations for audiologists to provide equitable care to people who identify as LGBTQ+; and (d) provides resources to continue to learn about salient LGBTQ+ issues.

Conclusions:
This clinical focus article provides actionable guidance to clinical audiologists on providing inclusive equitable care to LGBTQ+ patients. Practical actionable guidance on how clinical audiologists can make their clinical practice more inclusive for their patients who identify as LGBTQ+ is provided.
Screening for Auditory Processing Disorder in French-Speaking School-Age Children: A Pilot Study
Authors: Duquette-Laplante Fauve , Duval Jérémie , Pelletier Marie-Pier , Darche Patricia , Fuente Adrian , Jutras Benoît 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
A few clinical screening tools for auditory processing disorder (APD) are currently available. However, most of these tools are in English and cannot be used to screen individuals with a first language other than English. This study aimed to develop an APD screening test battery in French and to assess its psychometric properties in detecting school-age children at risk of APD.

Method:
Prior to their complete audiological APD assessment, 53 children (7–12 years old) were recruited from an audiology clinic. The APD assessment lasted between 2 and 3 hr, including 15–20 min for the screening test battery. The screening test battery was composed of four behavioral subtests and two questionnaires (parent and teacher).

Results:
When combined, two among the four behavioral subtests showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 80%.

Conclusion:
The newly developed screening tool could help reduce the number of unnecessary APD assessments, therefore allowing early diagnosis in children with APD and increasing their chances of receiving adequate intervention.
Perceptions of Racism and White Privilege Among White Graduate Students in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Williams Liliana , Ebert Kerry Danahy 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
In the White-dominated fields of audiology and speech-language pathology, graduate students should demonstrate awareness of racism and racial privilege to begin developing cultural humility. A 2013 survey of graduate students in audiology and speech-language pathology indicated that White students demonstrated minimal awareness of White privilege (Ebert, 2013). This study builds on Ebert (2013) by investigating changes in White students' perceptions of White privilege over time and by adding characterization of their perceptions of systemic racism.

Method:
A web-based survey was distributed to graduate students in audiology and speech-language pathology programs across the country. The survey combined repeat questions from the work of Ebert (2013) with novel questions on systemic racism within the fields. For this study, only responses from White students were analyzed.

Results:

The majority of White respondents (
n
= 104) acknowledged White privilege and systemic racism, though colorblindness and denial were still present among student responses. Significant increases in acknowledgment of White privilege from the Ebert (2013) results were observed across all questions. In qualitative analyses, the most common themes were the impact of White privilege and systemic racism on quality of services, access and opportunities, and clinician–client mismatch.

Conclusions:
Among White audiology and speech-language pathology graduate students, awareness of White privilege has increased over the past decade and most students acknowledge this privilege, as well as systemic racism. However, additional steps should be taken by students, graduate training programs, and practicing clinicians to continue confronting racial inequities in the fields.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22714222
Acoustic and Perceptual Categorization of Sibilants for Mandarin Children With Ankyloglossia
Authors: Luo Shan , Min Ye , Meng Zhibing , Ji Rui 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
To deepen our understanding of the effects of ankyloglossia on articulation, the purpose of this study is to examine consonant production and the perceived accuracy of Mandarin-speaking children with ankyloglossia.

Method:

Ten tongue-tie (TT) and 10 typically developing (TD) children produced nine Mandarin sibilants that contrast in three places of articulation. Their speech productions were analyzed from six acoustic measurements. To further examine the perceptual consequences, an auditory transcription task (
N
= 21) was conducted.

Results:
The acoustic analyses discovered that the TT children failed to distinguish the three-way place contrast and produced significant acoustic deviations compared with the TD peers. The perceptual transcription results found that TT children's production was significantly misidentified, suggesting severely affected intelligibility.

Conclusions:
The preliminary findings provide strong support for a correlation between ankyloglossia and distorted speech signals and suggest important interactions between sound errors and linguistic experience. We also propose that ankyloglossia should not be a purely appearance-based diagnosis and that speech production is a crucial index of tongue function in clinical decision making and monitoring.
The Contribution of Phonological Processing to Reading and Spelling in Students With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Hendricks Alison Eisel 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:Children with cochlear implants (CIs) have difficulty with literacy, and although it is established that phonological processing underlies literacy skills in children with typical hearing (TH), the relation of phonological processing and literacy in children with CIs is not fully understood. This study evaluated the contributions of phonological processing to word-level reading and spelling skills of children with CIs.Method:Thirty children with CIs and 31 children with TH in Grades 3 through 6 completed measures of word reading, spelling, and phonological processing. The contributions of phonological processing (phonological awareness, phonological memory, and phonological recoding) to reading and spelling were evaluated.Results:Children with CIs scored lower across measures of reading, spelling, phonological awareness, and phonological memory, but not phonological recoding, than children with TH. Phonological processing components were significant predictors of reading and spelling for children with CIs but not for children with TH.Conclusions:This study underscores the important contribution of phonological processing, particularly phonological awareness and phonological memory, in literacy development for children who use CIs. These results suggest an urgent need for research into not only the underlying mechanisms that predict literacy outcomes but also evidence-based interventions to support these students' literacy.
Research on high‐precision synchronous output technology of multi‐reference source weighted synthesis in power system
Authors: Teng Ling , Dong Fangyun , Zhang Hui , Ding Huixia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe massive perception data based on efficient analysis and intelligent decision have put forward higher requirements for high‐precision time synchronisation with the construction and development of smart power grid. However, multi‐reference source time‐frequency synchronisation of power system only selects the best method after comparison, which cannot make the most efficient use of the existing resources. It also cannot meet the need for high‐precision time synchronisation of future power system. The existing multi‐reference source synthesis algorithms cannot take into account both long‐term stability and high‐precision synchronous output. This article presents a multi‐reference source weighted improved noise model and the high‐precision output method. The multi‐reference source error after classification is eliminated by leading into classification vector and classification coefficient. The synthesised frequency offset or the time precision of output can be optimised as the objective function by weighted classification algorithm and genetic algorithm. A simulation example based on the synthesis of two satellite system clock sources and three local caesium reference sources shows that the peak value of long‐term output accuracy is controlled within 10 ns after classification weighted synthesis and optimisation, which is better than that of any single reference source.
Method for acquisition of orthotropic material parameters and calculation of modal frequencies in permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Li Daolu , Xie Ying , Cai Wei , Zhang Fang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article presents a novel method for fastly obtaining orthotropic material parameters in permanent magnet synchronous motor. First, a theoretical model of the equivalent single cylindrical shell is introduced with three orthotropic material parameters by considering the orthotropic characteristics of the motor. Then, the relationship of three orthotropic material parameters and the axial mode order m, the radial mode order n and modal frequency f is established. On this basis, an analytical method with m = 0 is proposed to acquire three values, and its adaptability is pointed out. Meanwhile, based on the above obtained orthotropic material parameters, the calculation method of modal frequencies is presented. Finally, the modal test and finite‐element method are implemented to verify the rationality of the proposed method.
Fault diagnosis of photovoltaic strings by using machine learning‐based stacking classifier
Authors: Liu Bo , Sun Kai , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhao Jian , Hou Xiaochao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) modules are prone to short circuits, open circuits, cracks, which can bring serious harmful effects. It is difficult to establish the corresponding PV fault models to diagnose the status of PV strings. The paper proposes a machine learning‐based stacking classifier (MLSC) for accurate fault diagnosis of PV strings. Specifically, for the operating state of PV modules, the parameter sensitivity algorithm is used to analyze the impact of characteristic factors on the characteristics of PV modules. Then based on the characteristic factors (irradiance, temperature, current, and power), MLSC is proposed to realize the accurate fault diagnosis of PV strings. This structure of MLSC is to integrate all kinds of classifiers by stacking to play the characteristics of each classifier. It combines the characteristics of various types of machine learning algorithms to improve the overall classification effect by using the advantages of each classifier. Finally, experiments reveal that MLSC improves the accuracy of PV fault diagnosis.
Swirls in the solar corona
Authors: Breu C. , Peter H. , Cameron R. , Solanki S. K. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Vortex flows have been found in the photosphere, chromosphere, and low corona in observations and simulations. It has been suggested that vortices play an important role in channeling energy and plasma into the corona. However, the impact of vortex flows on the corona has not been studied directly in a realistic setup.
Aims. We investigate the role vortices play for coronal heating using high-resolution simulations of coronal loops. The vortices are not artificially driven and they arise, instead, self-consistently from magnetoconvection.
Methods. We performed 3D resistive (magnetohydrodynamic) MHD simulations with the MURaM code. Studying an isolated coronal loop in a Cartesian geometry allows us to resolve the structure of the loop interior. We conducted a statistical analysis to determine vortex properties as a function of height from the chromosphere into the corona.
Results. We find that the energy injected into the loop is generated by internal coherent motions within strong magnetic elements. A significant part of the resulting Poynting flux is channeled through the chromosphere in vortex tubes forming a magnetic connection between the photosphere and corona. Vortices can form contiguous structures that reach up to coronal heights, but in the corona itself, the vortex tubes get deformed and eventually lose their identity with increasing height. Vortices show increased upward directed Poynting flux and heating rate in both the chromosphere and corona, but their effect becomes less pronounced with increasing height.
Conclusions. While vortices play an important role for the energy transport and structuring in the chromosphere and low corona, their importance higher up in the atmosphere is less clear since the swirls are less distinguishable from their environment. Vortex tubes reaching the corona reveal a complex relationship with the coronal emission.
M giants with IGRINS
Authors: Nandakumar G. , Ryde N. , Casagrande L. , Mace G. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Cool stars, such as M giants, can only be analyzed in the near-infrared (NIR) regime due to the ubiquitous titanium oxide features in optical spectra of stars with Teff < 4000 K. In dust-obscured regions, the inner bulge and Galactic center region, the intrinsically bright M giants observed in the NIR are an optimal option for studying stellar abundances and the chemical evolution of stellar populations. Because of the uncertainties in photometric methods, a method for determining the stellar parameters for M giants from the NIR spectra themselves is needed.
Aims. We develop a method for determining the stellar parameters for M giants from the NIR spectra. We validate the method by deriving the stellar parameters for nearby well-studied M giants with spectra from the spectral library of the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS). We demonstrate the accuracy and precision of our method by determining the stellar parameters and α-element trends versus metallicity for solar neighborhood M giants.
Methods. We carried out new observations of 44 M giant stars with IGRINS mounted on the Gemini South telescope. We also obtained the full H and K band IGRINS spectra of six nearby well-studied M giants at a spectral resolving power of R = 45 000 from the IGRINS spectral library. We used the tool called spectroscopy made easy in combination with one-dimensional (1D) model atmospheres in a radiative and convective scheme (MARCS) stellar atmosphere models to model the synthetic spectrum that fits the observed spectrum best.
Results. The effective temperatures that we derive from our new method (tested for 3400 ≲ Teff ≲ 4000 K here) agree excellently with those of the six nearby well-studied M giants, which indicates that the accuracy is indeed high. For the 43 solar neighborhood M giants, our Teff, log g, [Fe/H], ξmicro, [C/Fe], [N/Fe], and [O/Fe] agree with APOGEE with mean differences and a scatter (our method – APOGEE) of −67±33 K, −0.31±0.15 dex, 0.02±0.05 dex, 0.22±0.13 km s−1, −0.05±0.06 dex, 0.06±0.06 dex, and 0.02±0.09 dex, respectively. Furthermore, the tight offset with a small dispersion compared to the APOGEE Teff indicates a high precision in our derived temperatures and those derived from the APOGEE pipeline. The typical uncertainties in the stellar parameters are found to be ±100 K in Teff, ±0.2 dex in log g, ±0.1 dex in [Fe/H], and ±0.1 km s−1 in ξmicro. The α-element trends versus metallicity for Mg, Si, Ca, and Ti are consistent with the APOGEE DR17 trends for the same stars and with the GILD optical trends. We also find a clear enhancement in the abundances for thick-disk stars.
The IACOB project
Authors: de Burgos A. , Simón-Díaz S. , Urbaneja M. A. , Negueruela I. 
Published: May 2023

Context. Blue supergiants (BSGs) are key objects for studying the intermediate phases of massive star evolution because they are very useful to constrain evolutionary models. However, the lack of a holistic study of a statistically significant and unbiased sample of these objects has lead to several long-standing questions about their physical properties and evolutionary nature to remain unsolved.
Aims. This paper and other upcoming papers of the IACOB series are focused on studying from a pure empirical point of view a sample of about 500 Galactic O9–B9 stars with luminosity classes I and II (plus 250 late O- and early B-type stars with luminosity classes III, IV, and V) that cover distances up to ≈4 kpc from the Sun.
Methods. We compiled an initial set of ≈11 000 high-resolution spectra from ≈1600 Galactic late O- and B-type stars. We used a novel spectroscopic strategy based on a simple fitting of the Hβ line to select stars in a specific region of the spectroscopic Hertzsprung–Russel diagram. We evaluated the completeness of our sample using the Alma Luminous Star catalog (ALS III) and Gaia-DR3 data.
Results. We show the benefits of the proposed strategy for identifying BSGs that are descended in the context of single star evolution from stellar objects that are born as O-type stars. The resulting sample reaches a high level of completeness with respect to the ALS III catalog, gathering ≈80% of all-sky targets brighter than Bmag < 9 located within 2 kpc. However, we identify the need for new observations in specific regions of the southern hemisphere.
Conclusions. We have explored a very fast and robust method for selecting BSGs. This provides a valuable tool for large spectroscopic surveys such as WEAVE-SCIP or 4MIDABLE-LR, and it highlights the risk of using spectral classifications from the literature. Upcoming studies will make use of this large and homogeneous spectroscopic sample to study the specific properties of these stars in detail. We initially provide first results for their rotational properties (in terms of projected rotational velocities, v sin i).
Cette énergie pratiquement illimitée qui nous vient du Soleil
Authors: Lincot Daniel , Leduc Michèle 
Published: May 2023

L’entretien présenté ici est destiné à prendre la suite du « dossier photovoltaïque » publié en 2007 dans les numéros 5 et 6 de Reflets de la physique. Le contexte a beaucoup évolué depuis quinze ans, tant du point de vue de la recherche que de l’économie et de l’acceptation par la société.
Les cours professés en 2021 et 2022 par Daniel Lincot au Collège de France, où il était professeur invité dans le cadre de la chaire Innovation technologique Liliane Bettencourt [1, 2], constituent la trame du présent entretien.