bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wear Mechanisms of Cold-Sprayed Stellite-6 During Reciprocated Dry Sliding Under Different Sliding Speeds
Authors: Magarò P. , Furgiuele F. , Maletta C. , Tului M. , Wood R. J. K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCobalt–chromium alloys are often employed in those environments that require reliable wear and friction properties. Cold Gas Dynamic Spray offers the opportunity to obtain good quality deposits of Stellite-6, that can be successfully used in harsh environments, where good surface performance, in terms of wear resistance, is required. It is also well-known that Stellite-6 is subjected to several physical changes at the interface during dry sliding, that are often related to the loading conditions. As a consequence, wear behavior of this alloy can undergo some variations that linear models are not able to capture, since micro-structural modifications occur during operation. To better understand the wear mechanisms of cold-sprayed Stellite-6 coatings together with the occurring physical phenomena, a systematic experimental study was performed, in fact, to date, no such in-depth tribological studies have been performed. Tests were conducted under combinations of two sliding speeds (0.1 and 0.5 m/s) and four contact pressure in the range of 2-5 MPa. In low-speed tests, abrasive wear is evident, where detachment and pull-out phenomena mainly affect the worn surface of coatings. On the other hand, subsurface cracking was observed in high-speed tests, as well as evidence of plastic deformation on the wear surface. These results suggest that observed wear mechanisms are more likely a consequence of adhesive wear. Unique to this study, the cross-sectional nano-indentation tests showed how the stiffness of the coating, near to wear interface, increases significantly in the case of the lowest value of sliding speed (i.e., v = 0.1 m/s), whereas tends to decrease at high speeds, i.e., v = 0.5 m/s, as a consequence of the formation of subsurface cracks into the coating.
Health risk assessment of indoor and outdoor PM2.5-bound metal(loid)s in three residential areas downwind of an active ferromanganese smelter
Authors: Mbazima Setlamorago Jackson 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIndoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples were collected in three residential areas near a ferromanganese smelter using GilAir300 plus at 2.75 L/min, and the elemental composition was analysed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. A health risk assessment was conducted to determine the probability of developing carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects for four age groups. The hazard quotient (HQ) for manganese was >1 both indoors and outdoors for the four age groups in all residential areas, indicating a risk of developing non-carcinogenic health effects. The HQs of Cr (VI) displayed a similar trend for all age groups; it was >1 in all residential areas except for outdoor environments at New Sicelo. The highest HQ (25.6) was found indoors at Old Sicelo for the 21–35 age group whereas the minimum (8.3) was found indoors at Noldick for the 36–65+ age group. When using the overall concentrations, the HQ was >1 only for Mn and the highest values were recorded at Noldick. The cancer risks for chromium (VI), cobalt, and cadmium were above the upper limit of 1 × 10−4 and the lower limit of 1 × 10−6 when considering indoor and outdoor concentrations. When considering the overall concentrations, the cancer risk for cobalt was >1 × 10−6 and that of chromium (VI) was >1 × 10−4. Urgent intervention is required, particularly given the negative health effects associated with Mn exposure.
Graphical abstract
Simulation Evidence of Trust Calibration: Using POMDP with Signal Detection Theory to Adapt Agent Features for Optimised Task Outcome During Human-Agent Collaboration
Authors: Herse Sarita , Vitale Jonathan , Williams Mary-Anne 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Appropriately calibrated human trust is essential for successful Human-Agent collaboration. Probabilistic frameworks using a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) have been previously employed to model the trust dynamics of human behavior, optimising the outcomes of a task completed with a collaborative recommender system. A POMDP model utilising signal detection theory to account for latent user trust is presented, with the model working to calibrate user trust via the implementation of three distinct agent features: disclaimer message, request for additional information, and no additional feature. A simulation experiment is run to investigate the efficacy of the proposed POMDP model compared against a random feature model and a control model. Evidence demonstrates that the proposed POMDP model can appropriately adapt agent features in-task based on human trust belief estimates in order to achieve trust calibration. Specifically, task accuracy is highest with the POMDP model, followed by the control and then the random model. This emphasises the importance of trust calibration, as agents that lack considered design to implement features in an appropriate way can be more detrimental to task outcome compared to an agent with no additional features.
Surgicberta: a pre-trained language model for procedural surgical language
Authors: Bombieri Marco , Rospocher Marco , Ponzetto Simone Paolo , Fiorini Paolo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPre-trained language models are now ubiquitous in natural language processing, being successfully applied for many different tasks and in several real-world applications. However, even though there is a wealth of high-quality written materials on surgery, and the scientific community has shown a growing interest in the application of natural language processing techniques in surgery, a pre-trained language model specific to the surgical domain is still missing. The creation and public release of such a model would serve numerous useful clinical applications. For example, it could enhance existing surgical knowledge bases employed for task automation, or assist medical students in summarizing complex surgical descriptions. For this reason, in this paper, we introduceSurgicBERTa, a pre-trained language model specific for the English surgical language, i.e., the language used in the surgical domain.SurgicBERTahas been obtained fromRoBERTathrough continued pre-training with the Masked language modeling objective on 300 k sentences taken from English surgical books and papers, for a total of 7 million words. By publicly releasingSurgicBERTa, we make available a resource built from the content collected in many high-quality surgical books, online textual resources, and academic papers. We performed several assessments in order to evaluateSurgicBERTa, comparing it with the general domainRoBERTa. First, we intrinsically assessed the model in terms of perplexity, accuracy, and evaluation loss resulting from the continual training according to the masked language modeling task. Then, we extrinsically evaluatedSurgicBERTaon several downstream tasks, namely (i) procedural sentence detection, (ii) procedural knowledge extraction, (iii) ontological information discovery, and (iv) surgical terminology acquisition. Finally, we conducted some qualitative analysis onSurgicBERTa, showing that it contains a lot of surgical knowledge that could be useful to enrich existing state-of-the-art surgical knowledge bases or to extract surgical knowledge. All the assessments show thatSurgicBERTabetter deals with surgical language than a general-purpose pre-trained language model such asRoBERTa, and therefore can be effectively exploited in many computer-assisted applications in the surgical domain.
»Was willst du Hund?!« Missverstehen und diskursive Deutungsthematisierungen im Kontext von Mensch-Tier-Interaktionen
Authors: Rettig Heike 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungIm folgenden Beitrag soll es darum gehen, wie im nicht-fachlichen Diskurs Deutungsunsicherheiten, die in alltäglichen Pferd-Mensch- und Hund-Mensch-Interaktionen erlebt werden – und die von Menschen häufig explizit als ›Missverständnis‹ benannt werden – thematisiert und bearbeitet werden. Die auf empirischer Basis herausgearbeitete diskursive Praktik des ›Deutungskompetenz-Vermittelns‹ rahmt dabei interspezifische Interaktionssituationen als potenziell mehrdeutig und problematisch und bietet Deutungsmöglichkeiten und Erklärungsmaximen an. In der Thematisierung des Missverstehens sedimentieren sich Interaktionserfahrung und Wissen um Dimensionen der Deutung in der Interspezies-Interaktion.
Development and Evaluation of a Relational Agent to Assist with Screening and Intervention for Unhealthy Drinking in Primary Care
Authors: Brady Julianne E. , Livingston Nicholas A. , Sawdy Molly , Yeksigian Kate , Zhou Shuo , Bickmore Timothy W. , Simon Steven R. , Rubin Amy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScreening, brief intervention, and referral for alcohol misuse during primary care appointments is recommended to address high rates of unhealthy alcohol use. However, implementation of screening and referral practices into primary care remains difficult. Computerized Relational Agents programmed to provide alcohol screening, brief intervention, and referral can effectively reduce the burden on clinical staff by increasing screening practices. As part of a larger clinical trial, we aimed to solicit input from patients about the design and development of a Relational Agent for alcohol brief intervention. We also solicited input from patients who interacted with the implemented version of the Relational Agent intervention after they finished the trial. A two-part development and evaluation study was conducted. To begin, a user-centered design approach was used to customize the intervention for the population served. A total of 19 participants shared their preferences on the appearance, setting, and preferences of multiple Relational Agents through semi-structured interviews. Following the completion of the study one interviews, a Relational Agent was chosen and refined for use in the intervention. In study two, twenty participants who participated in the clinical trial intervention were invited back to participate in a semi-structured interview to provide feedback about their experiences in interacting with the intervention. Study one results showed that participants preferred a female Relational Agent located in an office-like setting, but the mechanical and still movements of the Relational agent decreased feelings of authenticity and human trustworthiness for participants. After refinements to the Relational Agent, post-intervention results in study two showed that participants (n = 17, 89%) felt comfortable interacting and discussing their drinking habits with the Relational Agent and participants (n = 10, 53%) believed that the intervention had a positive impact on the way participants thought about drinking or on their actual drinking habits. Despite variability in the preferences of participants during the development stage of the intervention, incorporating the feedback of participants during the design process resulted in optimized comfort levels for individuals interacting with the Relational Agent. clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02030288, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home
Assessing seismic mitigation schemes of tuned mass dampers for monopile offshore wind turbine including pile–soil–structure interaction
Authors: Kontoni Denise-Penelope N. , Farghaly Ahmed Abdelraheem 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study of a monopile offshore wind turbine with the soil–structure interaction effect is most challenging in structural design under multiple hazards, i.e., the combined wind, sea wave, and earthquake excitations. Different arrangements of passive tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were used to mitigate the service and seismic loads affecting an offshore wind turbine (OWT) including the pile–soil–structure interaction (PSSI) effect. Different schemes of passive TMDs, placed at the top of the OWT tower or also at the center of gravity (CG) of the OWT tower or at the connection between the OWT tower and monopile, were tested. Various arrangements of TMDs including the proposed herein top radial TMDs arrangements have been investigated to determine their validity in resisting vibrations resulting from service and earthquake loads. The lateral displacements, shear forces and bending moments in both horizontal directions and the axial forces all over the OWT tower and monopile heights were recorded to compare the performance of each mitigation scheme of TMDs. The comparison results showed that the TMDs placement should be at the top of the OWT tower and the top radial 6 TMDs arrangement was found to be the most effective mitigation scheme for all straining actions in the tower and the monopile of the OWT subjected to service and earthquake loads.
Environmental standards and beneficial uses of waste-to-energy (WTE) residues in civil engineering applications
Authors: Tian Yixi , Dai Shengwei , Wang Jianfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies are now recovering energy and materials from over 300 million tonnes of municipal solid wastes worldwide. Extensive studies have investigated substituting natural construction materials with WTE residues to relieve the environmental cost of natural resource depletion. This study examined the beneficial uses of WTE residues in civil engineering applications and the corresponding environmental standards in Europe, the U.S., and China. This review presents the opportunities and challenges for current technical approaches and the environmental standards to be met to stabilize WTE residues. The principal characteristics of WTE residues (bottom ash and fly ash) and the possible solutions for their beneficial use in developed and developing countries are summarized. The leaching procedures and environmental standards for pH, heavy metals, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) are compared. The current practice and engineering properties of materials using WTE residues, including mixtures with stone aggregate or sand, cement-based or hot-mix asphalt concrete (pavement), fill material in the embankments, substitute of Portland cement or clinker production, and ceramic-based materials (bricks and lightweight aggregate) are comprehensively reviewed.
Graphical abstract
The Social Value of Leadership: a Contribution from the Leadership Efficacy Model
Authors: Gomes A. Rui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLeadership can have a profound and hopefully positive impact on followers, representing a central topic in social and behavioral sciences. However, leadership can also lead to negative consequences in some situations. It is yet unclear how to determine the conditions for a negative versus a positive leadership. In this paper, it is proposed that leadership should assume a social value in order to represent a useful phenomenon for all individuals involved in the leadership process. Specifically, social value is defined as the respect of collective values and ethical standards of the surrounding context, and respect of legitimate expectations and needs of individuals involved in the leadership activity. Thus, it is important to note that, based on this concept of social value, leadership is conceptualized as a process of influence between leaders and followers based on common and positive ideals that will have the potential to produce relevant changes for all involved. This work debates the social value of leadership, according to the leadership efficacy model that proposes that three dimensions are involved in the impact produced by leadership: leadership cycles, leadership styles, and antecedent factors of leadership. Some examples are provided about how the model can reinforce the social value of leadership, along with some preliminary data about the model. This work concludes with a debate about the nine principles of leadership that increase the chances of leaders producing desirable effects in others.
Solvation-enhanced electrolyte on layered oxide cathode tailoring even and stable CEI for durable sodium storage
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhang Jiyu , Hua Weibo , Wen Longfei , Tang Guochuan , Wang Xin , Ma Cunshuang , Chen Weihua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLayered transition-metal oxide materials are ideal cathode candidates for sodium-ion batteries due to high specific energy, yet suffer severe interfacial instability and capacity fading owing to strongly nucleophilic surface. In this work, the interfacial stability of layered NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode was effectively enhanced by electrolyte optimization. And the interfacial chemistry between the cathode and four widely used electrolytes (EC/DMC, EC/EMC, EC/DEC and EC/PC) was elucidated through experiments and theoretical calculations. The Na+ solvation structures at cathode-electrolyte interface in all four electrolytes exhibited enhanced coordination due to high electron density and strong nucleophilicity of oxide surface, which promoted the electrolytes’ decomposition with decreased oxidation stability. Among them, the EC/DMC electrolyte showed the tightest solvation structure due to smaller molecular chains and stable electrochemistry, which derived an even and robust cathode electrolyte interphase. It effectively protected the cathode and facilitated the reversible Na+ transport during long cycles, enabling the batteries with a high capacity retention of 83.3% after 300 cycles. This work provides new insights into the role of electrode surface characteristics in interface chemistry that can guide the design of advanced electrode and electrolyte materials for rechargeable batteries.
Who uses technology to socialize? Evidence from older Canadian adults
Authors: DeJohn Amber D. , Widener Michael J. , Mihailidis Alex 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSocializing is understood to be important for mental and physical health, especially in later life. Technology-mediated socializing may be just as beneficial, but older adults are less likely to adopt social technologies than younger cohorts. Using time use data from the Canadian General Social Survey collected in 2015–2016, the older adult population (65 +) is clustered into ‘tech socializers,’ ‘common socializers,’ and ‘in-person socializers’ using a k-means algorithm. We employ multinomial logistic regression to assess explanatory relationships for the assigned mode of socializing. Model results demonstrate that older adults with disabilities have lower odds of being in-person socializers and higher odds of being tech socializers. Older adults are also more likely to be in-person socializers in the summer and autumn months, but we observe no seasonal relationships for tech socializers. More research with longitudinal time-use data and more discrete conceptualizations of disability is needed to understand opportunities to bolster older adults’ socializing habits.
Food security strategy to enhance food self-sufficiency and overcome international food supply chain crisis: the state of Qatar as a case study
Authors: Amhamed Abdulkarem , Genidi Nourhan , Abotaleb Ahmed , Sodiq Ahmed , Abdullatif Yasser , Hushari Mouhamed , Al-Kuwari Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe food security challenge continues to be one of the main issues that currently face the world despite improved economic development in many countries. The challenge is particularly unique in one of the world’s arid regions, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). This paper analyses the food security strategies of Qatar (one of the six countries that make up the GCC), especially since 2017 when the blockade of the country by its neighbors began. Qatar’s current food sufficiency was made possible by the country’s swift and profound changes in its food production strategies to ensure food security for its population. In order to provide locally sourced foods to the population, private and public initiatives were activated to support small farmers to distribute and supply their farm produce to local markets. The results show that Qatar has shifted from importing some food commodities to locally producing a high proportion of its foods to the extent of becoming an exporter of some farm produce. However, this increase in the local food production was achieved at the cost of depleting the local groundwater at a rate higher than the natural recharge. This paper thus critically assesses the specific situation of food security in Qatar that could be used as an example for other countries aiming to strengthen their food security, especially during transnational crises when international food supply chains suffer from unavoidable disruption (e.g., COVID-19 crisis).
Spatial transcriptomics in human biomedical research and clinical application
Authors: Hu Weining , Zhang Yin , Mei Junpu , Fang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver the past 15 years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology, in combination with other omics, has revealed the mechanisms of human development, tumors, and complex diseases at the genome, transcriptome, and proteome levels. However, this approach fails to directly reflect relevant spatial information, such as cell location and interactions. This limitation has been addressed with the advancement of the combination of high-resolution scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics (ST), which enables the identification of cell composition, intercellular and intermolecular interaction, and unravels the mechanisms of disease phenotypes. This review explores two types of ST - imaging-based ST (iST) and sequencing-based ST (sST) - and demonstrates how ST analysis can follow disease pathogenesis in a spatiotemporal manner, searching for disease-specific biomarkers. ST technology is an effective tool for resolving major biomedical and clinical problems, including tumor research, brain science, embryonic development, organ atlas construction and other pathological analysis. Looking towards the future, despite its limitations, ST has the potential to address these problems in conjunction with “dynamics, multi-omics, and resolution”. Ultimately, the development of ST technology, improvement of algorithms, utilization of deep learning, and refinement of the analysis process and interpretation will determine the key to transforming ST from bench to bedside.