bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy metal occurrence within urban agriculture practices in eastern zones of Nairobi city
Authors: Ng’ang’a Njenga John , Bosco Mukundi John , Wasike Masinde Peter , Wanjiru Kihurani Agnes 
Published: May 2023

Urban agriculture although growing in importance, requires farmer practices to adapt to dynamics of urbanization having implication on quality of produce and public perception. The objective of this research was to assess heavy metal occurrence in inputs and food crops for urban farms in the eastern zone of Nairobi, determine differences in element uptake by crops and to examine influence of environmental quality of the surrounding spaces. A quasi research design approach was used to identify farm plots for field survey in three locations. Samples of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), arrowroots (Colocasia esculenta), and kales (Brassica oleraceae var. Acephala), water and soil samples were collected. Concentration of cadmium, manganese, zinc and lead were analysed using Atomic Absorption/Flame Emission Spectrophotometer. One way ANOVA was used to examine mean differences of heavy metals between locations and compare transfer factor (TF) index of the crops. Elements that were above allowable limits (mg/kg) in the crops were Cd (1.7 - 4.49), Mn (62.54 - 89.15), Pb (0.161 - 0.56) and Zn (0.44 - 4.95) in arrowroots; Cd (1.76 = 5.27) and Mn (3.65 = 26.86) in kales and Cd (1.17-3.51), in tomatoes. Cadmium content was highest in farm plots within Kasarani (2.44±0.86 mg/kg) and was significantly different from other two locations (p < 0.05, Tukey HSD test). Between the neighbourhood qualities, heavy metal contents were different but not significant (p > 0.05) between classes. The mean TF index for the heavy metals decreased in the order Cd>Pb>Zn>Mn. Transfer factor index of more than 1 for cadmium was observed in arrowroots, kales and tomatoes. Based on FAO/WHO standards, the measured heavy metal contents were high for health concern. Produce from areas designated as of low environmental quality, were not necessarily contaminated as perceived. Urban agriculture producers in Nairobi need technical risk reduction measures and legislative support to guarantee quality produce and valuable participation in the urban food system framework.
Improve student performance in the psychiatry subject with 3D animation
Authors: Kabulunze Jumbe Gilbert , Mwangi Henry , Ogada Kennedy 
Published: May 2023

The integration of information communication and technology in medical education has led to the emergence of modern instructional tools, thus transforming pedagogy. Modern instructional tools like 3D animation are very effective tools for pedagogy, especially in subjects that involve complex concepts that are difficult to represent with traditional instructional tools such as textbooks, and lectures. The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using 3D animation in teaching psychiatry to clinical medicine students at the Kenya Medical Training College. The study used a randomized comparative design, where participants were randomly assigned to either a treatment group (3D animation) or a control group (textbook). Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The study targeted 61 respondents, and the sample size was 53 respondents (11 lecturers and 42 students). A pilot test to ensure the reliability and validity of the questionnaires was done on 30 respondents from the nursing department at Kenya Medical Training College. The analysis of the results was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 29, whereby descriptive statistics were used to describe feedback from the lecturers and students while independent sample t-tests were used to determine the statistically significant difference in student scores. The t-test results showed a statistically significant difference in means between the two groups, with t (40) = -7.332, p < 0.001 (two-tailed). The mean difference between the two groups was -8.190, with a standard error of 1.117. The 95% confidence interval of the difference ranged from -10.448 to -5.933. Therefore, the use of 3D animation had a statistically significant positive effect on test scores compared to textbook instructional materials in the context of teaching psychiatry. The study recommends the integration of 3D animations in the medical education curriculum at Kenya Medical Training College and other institutions of higher learning.
Yếu tố nguy cơ của vỡ thai ngoài tử cung tại thời điểm nhập viện
Authors: Phạm Ngọc Ánh , Nguyễn Hồng Hoa 
Published: May 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Với các tiến bộ trong kỹ thuật siêu âm và xét nghiệm β-hCG huyết thanh thai ngoài tử cung đã được phát hiện từ thời điểm sớm, nhưng số lượng bệnh nhân nhập viện trong tình trạng cấp cứu do thai ngoài tử cung vỡ vẫn còn cao. Việc xác định yếu tố liên quan tới bệnh nhân nhập viện trong tình trạng thai ngoài tử cung vỡ sẽ giúp nhà lâm sàng phát hiện các đối tượng có nguy cơ cao, từ đó có kế hoạch trong theo dõi và quản lý những bệnh nhân này. Hướng tới giảm tỷ lệ bệnh suất và tỷ suất tử vong gây ra do vỡ thai ngoài tử cung.
Mục tiêu: Xác định các yếu tố liên quan đến thai ngoài tử cung vỡ và giá trị tiên lượng của thang điểm NRS đo mức độ đau bụng trong tiên lượng thai ngoài tử cung vỡ.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu bệnh chứng theo tỷ lệ 1:2 thực hiện trên những bệnh nhân thai ngoài tử cung nhập khoa Cấp cứu, Bệnh viện Từ Dũ từ 01/2021 đến 06/2021.
Kết quả: Các yếu tố có liên quan tới nguy cơ thai ngoài tử cung vỡ khi nhập viện bao gồm: Khám vì trễ kinh (aOR = 0,41; p = 0,002; KTC 95%: 0,08 - 0,34); kích thước khối thai trên siêu âm (OR = 1,03; p < 0,001; 95% CI: 1,01 - 1,04) đau bụng mức độ nhẹ (1- 4 điểm) (aOR= 0,30; p = 0,009; 95% CI: 0,12 - 0,74); đau bụng mức độ nhiều (8 - 10 điểm) (aOR= 20,07; p < 0,001; 95% CI: 7,38 - 54,54). Giá trị tiên lượng thai ngoài tử cung vỡ qua đánh giá mức độ đau bụng bằng thang đo NRS có độ nhạy 69,90% và độ đặc hiệu là 85,44% tại điểm cut off 7 điểm.
Kết luận: Kích thước khối thai, cường độ đau bụng và khám vì trễ kinh là các yếu tố liên quan tới thai ngoài tử cung vỡ khi nhập viện. Cường độ đau bụng tính theo thang điểm NRS có giá trị tiên đoán khá tốt khả năng vỡ thai ngoài tử cung.
The role of extrapulmonary personalized factors in asthma control
Authors: Tribuntceva L. V. , Budnevsky A. V. , Prozorova G. G. , Choporov O. N. , Kozhevnikova S. A. , Olysheva I. A. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. To study in real clinical practice extrapulmonary personalized factors in patients with asthma depending on the presence or absence of obesity and to build a model of asthma control based on them. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional study was performed in 7 outpatient centers and included 237 adult patients with bronchial asthma (mean age 52.6 ± 1.3 years). The patients were divided in groups according to body mass index (BMI): without obesity (BMI < 30 kg/m2) – 128 patients, with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) – 109 patients. Asthma control was assessed by Asthma Control Questionnaire-5, physical activity – by the motor activity questionnaire (ODA23+), physical activity motivation – by data from the questionnaire. A linear regression model was built with the inclusion of sex, smoking, BMI, physical activity to predict the level of asthma control. Elasticity coefficient Ej, β- and Δ-coefficients and their ranks were calculated. Results. The distribution of patients according to the degree of asthma control differed statistically significantly in the groups: controlled, partially controlled and uncontrolled were 25.8 %, 60.2 %, 14 % and 0 %, 33.9 %, 66.1 %, respectively, in groups without obesity and obese (p < 0.001). High or moderate physical activity was present in 88 % of non-obese and 47% of obese patients (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the motivation for physical activity: 41% with obesity and 42 % without obesity belonged to the category of “thinking about or trying to exercise”. In the regression model, the ranks were distributed as follows (the sum of the ranks of the coefficients Ej, β, and Δ is calculated) rank 1 – BMI (0.8857, 0.4163, 0.5429), rank 2 – level of physical activity (0.6489, 0.3497, 0.4467), rank 3 – smoking status (0.0339, 0.1333, 0.0047). The coefficient of the model was not significant for sex. Conclusion. Obesity and low physical activity are the main personalized extrapulmonary factors that affect control of asthma. A significant part of the patients are motivated to modify their level of physical activity.
Segmentation of renal structures based on contrast computed tomography scans using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Chernenkiy I. М. , Chernenkiy M. M. , Fiev D. N. , Sirota E. S. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. Develop a neural network to build 3D models of kidney neoplasms and adjacent structures. Materials and methods. DICOM data (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine standard) from 41 patients with kidney neoplasms were used. Data included all phases of contrast-enhanced multispiral computed tomography. We split the data: 32 observations for the training set and 9 – for the validation set. At the labeling stage, the arterial, venous, and excretory phases were taken, affine registration was performed to jointly match the location of the kidneys, and noise was removed using a median filter and a non-local means filter. Then the masks of arteries, veins, ureters, kidney parenchyma and kidney neoplasms were marked. The model was the SegResNet architecture. To assess the quality of segmentation, the Dice score was compared with the AHNet, DynUNet models and with three variants of the nnU-Net (lowres, fullres, cascade) model. Results. On the validation subset, the values of the Dice score of the SegResNet architecture were: 0.89 for the normal parenchyma of the kidney, 0.58 for the kidney neoplasms, 0.86 for arteries, 0.80 for veins, 0.80 for ureters. The mean values of the Dice score for SegResNet, AHNet and DynUNet were 0.79; 0.67; and 0.75, respectively. When compared with the nnU-Net model, the Dice score was greater for the kidney parenchyma in SegResNet – 0.89 compared to three model variants: lowres – 0.69, fullres – 0.70, cascade – 0.69. At the same time, for the neoplasms of the parenchyma of the kidney, the Dice score was comparable: for SegResNet – 0.58, for nnU-Net fullres – 0.59; lowres and cascade had lower Dice score of 0.37 and 0.45, respectively. Conclusion. The resulting SegResNet neural network finds vessels and parenchyma well. Kidney neoplasms are more difficult to determine, possibly due to their small size and the presence of false alarms in the network. It is planned to increase the sample size to 300 observations and use post-processing operations to improve the model.
Analisis Wacana Kritis Model Van Dijk pada Berita Online Pencucian Uang Pejabat
Authors: Indriyawati Lilyn , Hudiyono Yusak 
Published: May 2023

Permasalahan yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian ini bagaimana wacana dikembangkan dalam berita online bertema Money Laundry atau Pencucian Uang Pejabat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan struktur teks (struktur makro dan struktur mikro, kognisi sosial, dan konteks sosial pada wacana berita online). Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan analisis wacana kritis model Van Dijk dengan teknik pengumpulan data baca dan tulis. Dua strategi yang dilakukan saat menganalisis data kajian yaitu mengidentifikasi, mengklarifikasi, dan menginterpretasi data. Peneliti menganalisis dua wacana berita yang sedang tranding, kasus Gazalba Saleh dan Rafael Alun.
Berdasarkan hasil temuan dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa kedua teks tersebut menggambarkan keterlibatan beberapa elemen wacana, yakni aspek semantik, aspek sintaksis, dan stilistika leksikon. Sehingga penjabaran kajian analisis wacana kritis pertama dan kedua dilihat dari ketiga struktur wacana model Van Dijk beserta elemennya berkenaan dengan teks kasus Gazalba Saleh dan Rafael Alun tema tersebut digambarkan untuk situasi dan survei terkait penyalahgunaan jabatan dan pencucian uang. Namun dari keseluran wacana yang dianalisis secara kritis pada kedua teks berita online tersebut maka dialek pada berita itu berhubungan dengan kognisi sosial digunakan untuk mempengaruhi dan menekankan hal-hal penyalahgunaan jabatan dan pencucian uang pada masyarakat
Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel (Carvykti)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: May 2023

CADTH recommends that Carvykti should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who have received at least 3 prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 antibody, and who are refractory to their last treatment if certain conditions are met.
Carvykti should only be covered to treat patients who have MM; received at least 3 prior treatments including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory drug, and an anti-CD38 antibody; did not respond to their last treatment, and are in relatively good health (i.e., have a good performance status, as determined by a specialist). Carvykti should not be reimbursed to treat patients whose MM is affecting their brain or spinal cord or patients showing signs that the tissue layers protecting the brain and spinal cord are affected by MM. It also should not be reimbursed in patients who have previously received a treatment that targets B-cell maturation antigen.
Carvykti should only be reimbursed for patients who have not yet been treated with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, if it is prescribed and administered in a hospital setting with adequate resources by specialists with expertise in MM, and if the cost of Carvykti is reduced.
Las delegaciones de trabajo como instrumentos de la política social. (I) Introducción y primeros pasos: Largo Caballero (1931-1933)
Authors: Viloria Fuentes Arturo 
Published: May 2023

Estudiamos en este artículo el proceso de creación de las delegaciones provinciales de trabajo, sus antecedentes, su significado en el contexto de la política social de Largo Caballero, los debates en las Cortes previos a la aprobación de la Ley y el proceso que seleccionó su personal. A través de las delegaciones el ministro se propuso fortalecer y modernizar la implantación del Ministerio de Trabajo en todo el territorio, descentralizar su gestión y contar con funcionarios cualificados en todas las provincias, garantizando así la aplicación de la legislación social. Los enconados debates en Cortes sobre sus competencias reflejaban el temor de los radicales a la creación de un nuevo poder socialista dentro del Estado. Sin embargo, en la propia Ley el ministro había renunciado a su capacidad de nombrar libremente a los delegados para establecer que todo el personal de las delegaciones (delegados de trabajo, auxiliares de delegación, inspectores de trabajo e inspectores auxiliares) fuese reclutado en una oposición abierta.
Altun Yaruk Sudur Metninde Sadece İkileme Yapısında Görülen Fiiller Üzerine
Authors: UĞUR Abdullah , TOKYÜREK Hacer 
Published: May 2023

Türkçenin belli bir varlık ve biçim kazandığı her dönemde ikilemeler vardır. İkilemeler, Türkçenin ifade gücüne zenginlik katması bakımından en az atasözleri ve deyimler kadar önemli kalıplaşmış ögelerdir. Bu ögeler, Türkçenin sözlü ve yazılı olmak üzere anlatımdaki zenginliğini gösteren en önemli ifade biçimlerinden biridir. Son zamanlarda Eski Uygur Türkçesinde ikilemeler üzerine yapılan çalışmaların sayısı artmış ve ikilemelerin tarihî metinlerimizdeki önemine dikkat çekilmeye başlanmıştır. Eski Uygur Türkçesi metinlerinde de çokça geçen bir ifade biçimi olan ikilemeler, Türkçenin ilk yazılı kaynaklarından günümüze kadar kendisini göstermektedir.
Bu çalışmada, Altun Yaruk Sudur metninde sadece ikileme yapısında görülen fiiller tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada tespit edilen ikilemelerin kullanım sıklığına yer verilmiştir. İkilemeler, alfabetik olarak sıralandıktan sonra anlamı ve kökeni ile ilgili açıklamalar üzerinde durulmuş, ikilemeyi oluşturan fiillerin açur- suvsat- ‘aç susuz bırakmak’, tal- yüg- ‘bayılmak2’ örneklerinde olduğu gibi sadece ikileme yapısında görüldüğü veya ikilemeyi oluşturan iki fiilden birinin ısur- sok- ‘ısırmak2, sokmak2’ ve ursuk- bėrtin- ‘vurulmak2, yaralanmak2’ örneklerinde olduğu gibi ikileme yapısında görüldüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Türkçede Söylem Belirleyici Olarak Soru Yapılı İfadeler
Authors: HİRİK Erkan 
Published: May 2023

Çeşitli dilbilgisel yapılar, farklı birleşimlerle bir araya gelerek konuşurun duygu durumunu ve düşüncelerini muhatabına aktarmaya yardımcı olur. Türkçenin sentaktik yapısı içerisinde bağlaç, edat, ünlem, zarf ya da öbek yapı olarak nitelendirilebilecek olan dilsel yapılar kimi zaman bu görevlerinin dışında da kullanılarak sözceye semantik katkı sağlayabilmektedir. Bahsi geçen bu dilsel ögelerin görevlerinin dışında semantik bir kategori oluşturduğu konum, söylem belirleyicilerdir.
Söylem belirleyiciler, edimsel işlevleri olan dil ögeleridir. Bu ögeler yüzey yapıda “hani, yani, efendime söyleyeyim, gel gelelim, meğer, tamam mı, yoksa, zaten vb.” gibi farklı dil bilgisel yapılanmalarla belirmektedir. Ancak bu ögelerin cümle ötesi işlevleri olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Özellikle konuşma ortamlarında sıkça kullanılan söylem belirleyiciler, iletişim esnasında hem konuşur hem de dinleyen açısından birtakım pragmatik işlevlere sahiptir. Bunlar iletiye kuvvetlendirme isteği katma, duygu aktarma, düşünce payı oluşturma, söylenene karşı tavır belli etme, söylenecek olanlara yönelik dikkat yönlendirme gibi iletişim ortamını ilgilendiren cümle ötesi işlevlerdir.
Söylem belirleyiciler; bağlaç, edat, öbek yapı, ünlem ya da zarf gibi sözcük ya da sözcük birleşimlerinden oluşabileceği gibi kimi zaman cümle biçiminde de ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Türkçede cevap alma amacı taşımayan ancak yapısal olarak soru şeklinde bulunan “soru yapılı ifadeler”, söylem belirleyici olarak bazı işlevlere sahiptir.
Türkçede soru yapılı ifadelerin söylem belirleyici olarak kullanıldığı durumlar, bu çalışmada yapısal olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Ayrıca bu sınıfların işlevleri ve bunların diğer dil kategorileriyle ilişkileri incelenmiştir.
Preface: 4th International Conference on Advances in Social Sciences and Sustainable Development (ASSSD 2022)
Authors: Thorndike Lucien , Wang Shuojiang 
Published: May 2023

We are pleased to present the proceedings of the 2022 4th International Conference on Advances in Social Sciences and Sustainable Development (ASSSD 2022). ASSSD 2022 was successfully held in Madrid, Spain during November 19-20, 2022. We sincerely hope that all participants and interested readers will benefit or find inspirations from this proceeding.
The objective of ASSSD 2022 is to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals from all over the world to present their research results and development activities in management, business, education, economy, culture, politics, social science and sustainable development. This conference provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences face to face, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration.
All received manuscripts had undergone initial screening for suitability by the editors for the theme and scope of this conference. Suitable papers sent to at least two independent referees, and the reports from the referees are then considered by the Editor-in-Chief, who will make the final decision. The ASSSD 2022 organizing committee has made great efforts to strengthen the supervision and examination of articles and to ensure the quality of articles.
With warmest regards,
ASSSD Organizing Committees
Madrid, Spain
The Impacts of Stigma on People with Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cui Jiarui 
Published: May 2023

Disability stigma has become a popular research topic in the past twenty years. Researchers find people tend to hide their disability to avoid stigmatization. This study systematically examines the impacts of stigma on people with disabilities. It offers a theoretical foundation for establishing effective interventions to reduce the disability stigma in the future. The paper searches articles related to the impacts of disability stigma through the online database, then analyzes the impacts of stigma on disabled people through social access and support, life experiences, and psychological perception. Findings indicate that stigma has negative impacts on disabled people’s social access and support, life experiences, and psychological perceptions.
PRODUÇÃO DE FORRAGEM NO PERÍODO DAS ÁGUAS DE FORRAGEIRAS DO GÊNERO BRACHIARIA COM MÉDIO NÍVEL TECNOLÓGICO
Authors: Batista Cleyton de Souza , De Paula Neto Joaquim José , Alexandrino Emerson , De Oliveira Maria Leticia Castro , Souza Roclécio Maciel 
Published: May 2023

O objetivo principal deste artigo foi avaliar seis forrageiras do gênero Brachiaria submetidas à fertilização nitrogenada, diante de suas características produtivas e estruturais, de modo a encontrar alternativas forrageiras para serem estabelecidas em áreas de pastagens. O período experimental correspondeu a três períodos chuvosos nas safras 2019/2020 (24/10/2019 a 05/5/2020), 2020/2021 (07/10/2020 a 27/04/2021) e 2021/2022 (05/10/2021 a 05/05/2022). Os tratamentos consistiram forrageiras Marandu, Mavuno, Xaraés, G172, G153 e G156, as quais foram alocadas nas parcelas, combinadas com duas doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (0 e 80 kg ha-1 N), distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, totalizando 48 unidades experimentais. A cultivar Marandu, nas duas primeiras safras permaneceu dentro das faixa alvo de 35 a 40 cm de altura, preconizada para a realização da desfolhação ao longo do período experimental, exceto na terceira safra que apresentou 33,7 cm. A cultivar Xaraés por apresentar as maiores alturas durante as três safras, obteve um maior acúmulo de forragem. As cultivares Xaraés, Mavuno e G172 com adubação de 80 kg ha-1 de N, apresentaram maiores valores para o acúmulo de forragem. A adubação aumentou a porcentagem de colmo, com média de 14,2%. A cultivar Mavuno obteve uma maior porcentagem de colmo, com média de 20,4%. A cultivar G172 teve aumento de 47,5% na sua produção de forragem, demonstrando ser altamente responsiva à adubação, sendo que grande parte dessa forragem é convertida em folhas, cerca de 84,6%. De acordo com os resultados encontrados, as cultivares G172, Mavuno e Xaraés analisadas neste experimento podem ser opções para substituir o capim Marandu, pois apresentaram aumento nas variáveis acúmulo de forragem, acúmulo de lâmina foliar e porcentagem de lâmina foliar.
THE SYSTEM OF “PARALLEL EXERCISES” AS ONE OF THE POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF TEACHING CHINESE WRITING AT THE INITIAL STAGE
Authors: Варакина М.И. , Бобыкина Т.Б. 
Published: May 2023

В данной статье рассматривается «система параллельных упражнений» как один из возможных вариантов решения проблемы обучения китайской письменности на начальном этапе подготовки студентов по направлению 44.03.01 «Педагогическое образование», профиль «Учитель китайского языка» и представляют собой комплекс коррелирующих с целеполагающими упражнениями занятий, где особое внимание уделяется формированию фонетических и иероглифических навыков, поскольку именно отработка этих двух навыков является наиболее сложной и трудоемкой.
This article discusses the "system of parallel exercises" as one of the possible solutions to the problem of teaching Chinese writing at the initial stage of training students according to the programme 44.03.01 "Pedagogical education", the profile "Teacher of Chinese" and represent a set of classes correlating with goalsetting exercises, where special attention is paid to the formation of phonetic and hieroglyphic skills, since it is the development of these two skills that is the most difficult and time-consuming.