bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular therapy in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion and patent circle of Willis
Authors: Riegler Christoph , von Rennenberg Regina , Bollweg Kerstin , Nguyen Thanh N , Kleine Justus F , Tiedt Steffen , Audebert Heinrich J , Siebert Eberhard , Nolte Christian H 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundOcclusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) may extend into the middle or anterior cerebral artery (ICA-T) or be confined to the intracranial (ICA-I) or extracranial segment (ICA-E). While there is excellent evidence for endovascular therapy (EVT) in ICA-T occlusions, studies on EVT in non-tandem ICA-I or ICA-E occlusions are scarce.ObjectiveTo characterize EVT-treated patients with ICA-I- and ICA-E occlusion by comparing them with ICA-T occlusions.MethodsThe German Stroke Registry (GSR), a national, multicenter, prospective registry was searched for EVT-treated patients with isolated ICA occlusion between June 2015 and December 2021. We stratified patients by ICA occlusion site: (a) ICA-T, (b) ICA-I, (c) ICA-E. Baseline factors, procedural variables, technical (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI)), and functional outcomes (modified Rankin scale score at 3 months) were analyzed.ResultsOf 13 082 GSR patients, 2588 (19.8%) presented with an isolated ICA occlusion, thereof 1946 (75.2%) ICA-T, 366 (14.1%) ICA-I, and 276 (10.7%) ICA-E patients. The groups differed in age (77 vs 76 vs 74 years, Ptrend=0.02), sex (53.4 vs 48.9 vs 43.1% female, Ptrend<0.01), and stroke severity (median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission 17 vs 14 vs 13 points, Ptrend<0.001). In comparison with ICA-T occlusions, both ICA-I and ICA-E occlusions had lower rates of successful recanalization (mTICI 2b/3: 85.4% vs 80.4% vs 76.3%; aOR (95% CI for ICA-I vs ICA-T 0.71 (0.53 to 0.95); aOR (95% CI) for ICA-E vs ICA-T 0.57 (0.42 to 0.78)). In adjusted analyses, ICA-E occlusion was associated with worse outcome when compared with ICA-T occlusion (mRS ordinal shift, cOR (95% CI) 0.70 (0.52 to 0.93)).ConclusionPatient characteristics and outcomes differ substantially between ICA-T, ICA-I, and ICA-E occlusions. These results warrant further studies on EVT in ICA-I and ICA-E patients.
Courage, camaraderie and compassion: a qualitative exploration into UK military veterans’ experiences of self-compassion within the context of alcohol use disorders and recovery
Authors: Barrington Lisa Jane , Bland A R , Keenan J 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionUK veterans are at increased risk of mental health and alcohol use disorders (AUDs), experiencing specific challenges such as combat exposure and re-integration which may contribute to treatment barriers. Experiences of shame and AUDs, which may precede or become exacerbated during military service, may be mitigated by self-compassion (SC). This study sought to understand how UK veterans make sense of their SC experiences within the context of their relationships with alcohol and recovery.MethodsInterpretative phenomenological analysis was used to interpret the SC experiences of five ex-military veterans (one female). Semistructured face-to-face interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, with a double hermeneutic approach used to interpret meaningful issues which influenced participants’ self-perceptions in relation to their alcohol use and wider social world.ResultsTwo key themes were identified. ‘Searching for Safety’, which illustrated veterans’ SC sense-making within the context of their evolving lifeworld and alcohol use, and ‘Healing with Honour’ which reflected the significance of purpose and identity within experiences of recovery and SC. Findings were interpreted through the lens of the six bipolar elements of SC, which identified SC as salient within veterans’ experiences of AUD and recovery. Although experiences of SC were sometimes perceived as challenging or incongruent to military identity, this was influenced by positive reframing and meaning-making, supported by compassionate narratives and informed trusted relationships.ConclusionsVeterans’ AUD recovery and support-seeking may be impacted by the experience of SC and enhanced by the early implementation of acceptable and feasible interventions which draw on veterans’ unique military identities and experience. This may include compassion-focussed interventions which reframe SC as fierce SC, peer support models and educational strategies which support healthcare professionals to understand and identify veterans’ military experiences.
Fish Productivity Response to Water Quality Variations: A Case Study of Nyumba ya Mungu Dam, in Pangani Water Basin, Tanzania
Authors: Mangi Halima O. , Onywere Simon M. , Kitur Esther C. 
Published: July 2023

Fish habitat degradation, such as water pollution due to the rapid expansion of incompatible land uses, is one of the noteworthy challenges to freshwater ecosystems. Elevated contents of nutrients and contaminants in water are some of the imperative challenges. This research was conducted to investigate the link between water qualities and fish productivity in the Nyumba ya Mungu Dam, whose fishery potential had decreased by 95% between 1972 and 2018. Physicοchemical characteristics, namely, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and the water depth of fishing net location, were assessed following standard procedure. Fish catches per unit effort representing fish biomass/productivity were monitored for twelve months from January to December 2019. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that fish catch per unit effort was positively and significantly correlated with turbidity (r = 0.461,

P

< 0.01) and TP (r = 0.405,

P

< 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression model results indicated that turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and the depth of the fishing net location are the statistically significant predictors of fish catch per unit effort which represented fish biomass. Findings further indicated that the model combining turbidity and dissolved oxygen predicted a 24% change in fish catch per unit effort, whereas turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and the depth of fishing net location contributed a 28.9% change in fish catch per unit effort. In conclusion, fish productivity in the NMD is limited by organic matter availability and nutrient levels that cause algae bloom occurrence. Turbidity is an indicator of organic matter availability and the effect of algae bloom on fish productivity. Inflow of nutrients to the dam nourishes the algae biomass, thus creating vicious cycles on fish productivity as fish species in the dam failed to take advantage of high primary production by algae.
Prediagnostic Prescription Antibiotics Use and Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Swedish National Register-Based Study
Authors: Lu Sai San Moon , Rutegård Martin , Ahmed Maghfoor , Häggström Christel , Gylfe Åsa , Harlid Sophia , Van Guelpen Bethany 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:
Antibiotics use is associated with higher colorectal cancer risk, but little is known regarding any potential effects on survival.

Methods:
We conducted a nationwide cohort study, using complete-population data from Swedish national registers between 2005 and 2020, to investigate prediagnostic prescription antibiotics use in relation to survival in colorectal cancer patients.

Results:
We identified 36,061 stage I–III and 11,242 stage IV colorectal cancer cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2019. For stage I–III, any antibiotics use (binary yes/no variable) was not associated with overall or cancer-specific survival. Compared with no use, moderate antibiotics use (total 11–60 days) was associated with slightly better cancer-specific survival [adjusted HR (aHR) = 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–0.99)], whereas very high use (&gt;180 days) was associated with worse survival [overall survival (OS) aHR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.26–1.60, cancer-specific survival aHR = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.10–1.55]. In analyses by different antibiotic types, although not statistically significant, worse survival outcomes were generally observed across several antibiotics, particularly macrolides and/or lincosamides. In stage IV colorectal cancer, inverse relationships between antibiotics use and survival were noted.

Conclusions:
Overall, our findings do not support any substantial detrimental effects of prediagnostic prescription antibiotics use on cancer-specific survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis, with the possible exception of very high use in stage I–III colorectal cancer. Further investigation is warranted to confirm and understand these results.

Impact:
Although the study findings require confirmation, physicians probably do not need to factor in prediagnostic prescription antibiotics use in prognosticating patients with colorectal cancer.
ILUSTRO: Phase II Multicohort Trial of Zolbetuximab in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Claudin 18.2–Positive Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Klempner Samuel J. , Lee Keun-Wook , Shitara Kohei , Metges Jean-Phillippe , Lonardi Sara , Ilson David H. , Fazio Nicola , Kim Tae Yong , Bai Li-Yuan , Moran Diarmuid , Yang Jianning , Arozullah Ahsan , Park Jung Wook , Raizer Jeffrey J. , Bang Yung-Jue , Shah Manish A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Zolbetuximab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody, binds to claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) and mediates tumor cell death through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. We sought to examine zolbetuximab combinations in CLDN18.2-positive HER2-negative gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma.

Patients and Methods:
This phase II study assessed efficacy and safety of zolbetuximab, alone or with modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) or pembrolizumab, in CLDN18.2-positive advanced/metastatic G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. Patients received zolbetuximab as monotherapy in third/later-line (Cohort 1A, n = 30), with mFOLFOX6 in first-line (Cohort 2, n = 21), or with pembrolizumab in third/later-line (Cohort 3A, n = 3) treatment. The primary endpoint for Cohort 1A was objective response rate (ORR). Key secondary endpoints were ORR (Cohorts 2 and 3A), overall survival (OS; Cohort 1A), and progression-free survival (PFS) and safety (all cohorts).

Results:
ORR was 0% in Cohorts 1A and 3A, and 71.4% [95% confidence interval (CI), 47.82–88.72] in Cohort 2. Median PFS was 1.54 months (95% CI, 1.31–2.56) in Cohort 1A, 2.96 months (95% CI, 1.48–4.44) in Cohort 3A, and 17.8 months (95% CI, 8.05–25.69) in Cohort 2. Median OS in Cohort 1A was 5.62 months (95% CI, 2.27–11.53). Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred across cohorts [nausea, 63%–90% (grade ≥ 3, 4.8%–6.7%) and vomiting, 33%–67% (grade ≥ 3, 6.7%–9.5%)].

Conclusions:
Zolbetuximab plus mFOLFOX6 demonstrated promising efficacy in previously untreated patients with CLDN18.2-positive G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. These data support the first-line development of zolbetuximab in patients whose tumors are CLDN18.2-positive. Across cohorts, zolbetuximab treatment was tolerable with no new safety signals.
An intelligent converter and controller for electric vehicle drives utilizing grid and stand-alone solar photovoltaic power generation systems
Authors: Reddy G. Saikiran , Premkumar M. , Ravi Suraj , Abualigah Laith 
Published: July 2023

In this study, a battery energy management system for electric vehicle (EV) applications is proposed with a standalone photovoltaic (PV) source and controlled based on the availability of grid, PV source, load consumption, and energy stored in the battery. This paper proposes a single-ended primary-inductance converter (SEPIC) DC-DC converter for charging the battery through the utility and PV source that provides good load regulation. The bidirectional nature of the proposed DC-DC converter provides the charging and discharging of the EV battery in the succeeding modes of operation, i) grid-tied charging, ii) PV-tied charging, iii) discharging to the load in the absence of utility and PV source, and iv) regenerative braking. An improved perturb and observe-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is proposed to track the maximum power from the PV source. In addition, to handle the four modes of operation, a dedicated controller is also proposed. Firstly, the proposed system is validated using MATLAB/Simulink software by considering different operating conditions, and the performance is compared with the traditional MPPT algorithms. Finally, the effectiveness of the suggested system is validated through an experimental prototype. The result proved the superiority of the converter and controller over the traditional systems.<div align="center"> </div>
Epicardial Adipose Tissue–Derived Leptin Promotes Myocardial Injury in Metabolic Syndrome Rats Through PKC/NADPH Oxidase/ROS Pathway
Authors: Chen Hui , Liu Lei , Li Min , Zhu Danjun , Tian Gang 
Published: July 2023

Background
The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is abnormally accumulated with dysfunctional secretion of adipokines, closely relating to cardiac dysfunction. The current study was designed to identify the effects of EAT‐derived leptin on the myocardium of MetS rats and explore the potential molecular mechanisms.

Methods and Results

A MetS rat model was established in 8‐week‐old Wistar rats by a 12‐week high‐fat diet. MetS rats exhibited increased leptin secretion from EAT, cardiac hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function. The myocardium of MetS rats had abnormal structure, increased oxidative stress injury, and higher inflammatory factor levels, especially the subepicardial myocardium, which was correlated with the EAT‐derived leptin level but not the serum leptin. The EAT was separated from each group of rats to prepare EAT‐conditioned medium. H9C2 rat cardiomyoblasts were treated with EAT‐conditioned medium or leptin, plus various inhibitors. EAT‐derived leptin from MetS rats promoted mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction, induced mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, and inhibited cell viability in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts via the protein kinase C/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase/reactive oxygen species (PKC/NADPH oxidase/ROS) pathway. EAT‐derived leptin from MetS rats stimulated inflammation in H9C2 cardiomyocytes by promoting activator protein 1 nuclear translocation via the PKC/NADPH oxidase/ROS pathway. Leptin promoted the interaction between p‐p47
phox
and gp91
phox
in H9C2 cardiomyocytes via protein kinase C, activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, increasing reactive oxygen species generation, and inhibiting cell viability.

Conclusions
EAT‐derived leptin induces MetS‐related myocardial injury through the following 2 cooperative ways via PKC/NADPH oxidase/ROS pathway: (1) inducing mitochondrial pathway apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction; and (2) stimulating inflammation by promoting activator protein 1 nuclear translocation.
Standardization of Apolipoprotein B, LDL‐Cholesterol, and Non‐HDL‐Cholesterol
Authors: Contois John H. , Langlois Michel R. , Cobbaert Christa , Sniderman Allan D. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Concern continues about whether the measurement of apolipoprotein B (apoB) is adequately standardized, and therefore, whether apoB should be applied widely in clinical care. This concern is misplaced. Our objective is to explain why and what the term “standardization” means. To produce clinically valid results, a test must accurately, precisely, and selectively measure the marker of interest. That is, it must be standardized. Accuracy refers to how closely the result obtained with 1 method corresponds to the result obtained with the standard method, precision to how reproducible the result is on repeated testing, and selectivity to how susceptible the method is to error by inclusion of other classes of lipoprotein particles. Multiple expert groups have determined that the measurement of apoB is adequately standardized for clinical care, and that apoB can be measured inexpensively, using widely available automated methods, more accurately, precisely, and selectively than low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol or non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. ApoB is a standard superior to low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol because it is a defined molecule, whereas the cholesterol markers are the mass of cholesterol within lipoprotein particles defined by their density, not by their molecular structure. Nevertheless, the standardization of apoB is being further improved by the application of mass spectrophotometric methods, whereas the limitations in the standardization and, therefore, the accurate, precise, and selective measurement of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol are unlikely to be overcome. We submit that greater accuracy, precision, and selectivity in measurement is a decisive advantage for apoB in the modern era of intensive lipid‐lowering therapies.
From Gender-Blind to Gender Bind: Foregrounding Gender in the History of the UNFCCC
Authors: Flavell Joanna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this article, I argue that the Women and Gender Constituency (WGC) in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has been remarkable in its efforts to mainstream gender in the Convention. The WGC has been at the forefront of the fight to embed a gender perspective into global climate change politics and has been the driving force for the UNFCCC’s progression from gender-blind in 1992 to a Gender Action Plan in 2017. Through an intersectional framework, I demonstrate that foregrounding gender as a political issue and feminist activism in the history of the UNFCCC makes visible a tricky strategic bind whereby an “insider” approach to influencing the negotiations has meant that while women–environment links are firmly embedded in UNFCCC discourse, gender–environment links are less well received. Understanding this strategic bind faced by feminist climate activists is important politically, to advance feminist arguments in global climate governance.
The Longue Durée of International Environmental Norm Change: Global Environmental Politics Meets the English School of International Relations
Authors: Falkner Robert 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to introduce English School (ES) theory to the study of global environmental politics (GEP). The ES is an established theoretical tradition in the discipline of international relations (IR) but is not widely known, let alone used, in GEP. My aim is to overcome this state of neglect and suggest ways in which ES theory can enrich the study of international environmental affairs. I argue that ES theory makes at least two major contributions to the study of global environmental politics: first, it helps counterbalance the presentist focus in GEP scholarship, shifting our attention toward long-term historical patterns of normative change, and second, by distinguishing between different levels of international change, it opens up an analytical focus on environmentalism as a part of the international normative structure. In doing so, ES theory directs our attention to the interaction and mutual shaping between environmentalism and other fundamental norms of international society.
The Negede Woyto Minority Group in a Historical Perspective
Authors: Getahun Binayew Tamrat 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries, inhabited by different ethnic and cultural groups. One of the minority groups in the nation, the Negede Woyto of the Lake Tana Catchment Area, has been marginalised in terms of various aspects. Besides reconstructing the history of this minority group, this article strives to investigate the changes and continuities in the social, economic, and political lives of the minority group from a historical perspective. To this end, both primary and secondary sources were collected and used. Based on the analysis, the study found that communal life, low social capital, marginalisation, conflict of values, a lack of institutions that protect minorities, low political participation, and a lack of secure means of survival are identified as the main causes for the majority of the Negede Woyto Community to lead a life as subhuman with (in) dignity and chronic poverty.
The Paris Salon des Médecins (1909–1939): Amateur Art and Professional Culture
Authors: Viraben Hadrien 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article presents the initial results of a research project on the history of physician-artists in the twentieth century, at the intersection between the history of amateur art and the history of the medical profession. In 1909, the Paris “Salon des médecins” (Physicians’ Salon) was created, following in the footsteps of other so-called “corporative” amateur art exhibitions dedicated to particular professional groups. The Salon’s activities also played a role in debates about the physician’s professional identity, especially regarding the role of the humanities and the arts in medical training and practice. This article retraces the history of the Salon des médecins, from its inception through to the rise of “medical humanism” in 1930s France. After outlining the context in which the Salon was founded, the article firstly analyses the social group constituted by the exhibitors, examining, on the one hand, its representativeness within the field of health professionals, and on the other, its representations of the physician-artist as the new face of the humanist doctor. The article also explores the individual case of Raimond Sabouraud, examining the ways in which he embodied the ideal of the physician-artist and the room for manoeuvre that this ideal allowed.
Retrospective Study of EMS Scene Times and Mortality in Penetrating Trauma Patients: Improving Transport Standards and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Breeding Tessa , Rosander Abigail , Abella Maveric , Martinez Brian , Maka Piueti , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: July 2023

Background This study aimed to determine the impact of emergency medical service (EMS) scene time variability on adult and pediatric trauma patient outcomes with moderate or severe penetrating injuries. Methods This retrospective study analyzed the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database between 2017 and 2020 to evaluate the relationship between EMS scene time on adult and pediatric patients with moderate to severe injuries. Primary outcomes included Dead on Arrival (DOA) to the Emergency Department (ED), ED mortality, 24-hour mortality, and in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association of each EMS scene time category and mortality. Results Adult patients with 10-30 minutes of EMS scene time had increased odds of experiencing ED mortality, 24-hour mortality, and in-hospital mortality. Adults with >30 minutes of EMS scene time were more likely to be DOA to the ED. There was no significant association with mortality for patients with <10 minutes of EMS scene time. In the pediatric subset of patients, those with 10-30 minutes of EMS scene time were more likely to experience ED mortality and in-hospital mortality. Conclusion EMS scene times less than 10 minutes were associated with the greatest odds of survival, supporting the “load and go” theory for penetrating trauma. Our study suggests that even an EMS scene time of 10-30 minutes results in a significantly increased risk of mortality, and further efforts are needed to improve scene time through improved EMS and hospital policies.