bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐kilometre monthly air temperature and precipitation product over the Mongolian Plateau for 1950–2020
Authors: Xin Ying , Yang Yaping , Chen Xiaona , Yue Xiafang , Liu Yangxiaoyue , Yin Cong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fragile ecological environment of the Mongolian Plateau (MP) is sensitive to climate change. It is necessary to fully understand the temperature and precipitation changes on the MP to ensure regional sustainable development. Most existing studies are conducted based on station observations which suffer from sparse distribution and limited spatial representativeness and cannot perfectly represent the climatic conditions of the whole region. By contrast, the long‐term, spatially continuous reanalysis products offer new opportunities for MP climate change research. However, the coarse spatial resolution and large uncertainties of reanalysis data limit their applicability to provide reliable climate information at finer scales. Within the delta downscaling framework, we downscale and correct the state‐of‐the‐art European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts ReAnalysis 5 land portion (ERA5‐Land) using a high‐resolution WorldClim reference climatology and generate a long‐term (1950–2020) 1‐km monthly air temperature and precipitation downscaled dataset. During the downscaling process, the results obtained by nearest neighbour, bilinear and bicubic interpolation methods are evaluated and compared. Air temperature result of bilinear method and precipitation result of nearest neighbour method, which have the best accuracy, are taken as the final downscaled data. The evaluation shows that the downscaled data has acceptable accuracy (overall MBE = −0.41°C, Corr = 0.997, RMSE = 1.51°C for air temperature, and MBE = 1.58 mm·month−1, Corr = 0.747, RMSE = 24.24 mm·month−1 for precipitation), and outperforms the original ERA5‐Land and widely used Climatic Research Unit (CRU) data. In addition, the downscaled data can also provide accurate and detailed temperature and precipitation change trends over the MP. With fine spatial resolution, long‐time span and good spatial continuity, the downscaled air temperature and precipitation will be a useful data source to explore climate change over the MP.
Under‐ice plankton community response to snow removal experiment in bog lake
Authors: Socha Ellie , Gorsky Adrianna , Lottig Noah R. , Gerrish Gretchen , Whitaker Emily C. , Dugan Hilary A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough previously overlooked, winter is now seen as a period of significant biological activity in the annual cycle of north‐temperate lakes. Research suggests a future of reduced ice cover duration and altered snow conditions could significantly change the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. This study seeks to explore the possible repercussions of changing ice and snow dynamics on aquatic biological communities, particularly at lower trophic levels. To explore plankton community responses to changing under‐ice light conditions, we performed a whole‐lake manipulation by removing all of the snow from the surface of a north temperate bog lake in northern Wisconsin. Over three winters, samples were collected under ice in the study lake, South Sparkling Bog. The first winter, 2018–2019, served as a reference year during which snow was not removed from the lake and was followed by two subsequent winters of snow removal during 2019–2020 and 2020–2021. Data collected included phytoplankton and zooplankton abundances and taxa, chlorophyll a, dissolved organic carbon, light, Secchi depth, and ice and snow thickness. In our snow removal years, increased light availability in the water column shifted the phytoplankton community from low‐biomass, mixed community of potential mixotrophs, unicellular cyanobacteria and Chlorophytes to dominance by photoautotrophs, and rotifer zooplankton densities increased. Ice condition, specifically the thickness of white ice vs. black ice, was a major driver in the magnitude of change between years. This research improves our understanding of how plankton communities might respond to climate‐change driven shifts in winter dynamics for north temperate systems.
Oleanolic Acid Inhibits SCD1 Gene Expression to Ameliorate Fructose‐Induced Hepatosteatosis through SREBP1c‐Dependent and ‐Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Yao Ling , Wang Meng , Zhang Jun , Luo Xianqin , Yuan Chunlin , Bai Ruojun , Wang Tongzhuang , Xi Yumeng , Li Chunli , Ke Dazhi , Yamahara Johji , Li Yuhao , Yi Yongfen , Wang Shang , Wang Jianwei 
Published: March 2023

ScopeThe mechanisms of oleanolic acid (OA) regulating hepatic sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP) 1c/stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) 1 pathway to ameliorate fructose‐induced hepatosteatosis are investigated.Methods and resultsRats treated with 10% w/v fructose solution are co‐administered by OA for 5 weeks, and then sacrifice after fasting for 14 h. OA reverses the fructose‐induced increase in hepatic triglyceride (TG) content and downregulates Scd1 mRNA expression. However, two upstream transcription factors, ChREBP and SREBP1c, remain at normal levels with or without fructose and/or OA. In vivo and in vitro studies using SREBP1c−/− mice and HepG2 cell models show that OA also inhibits SCD1 gene overexpression and high hepatic TG levels induced by fructose. On the other hand, in SCD1−/− mice, when the fructose diet is supplemented with high levels of oleic acid (OLA) to compensate for the deficiency of SCD1, OA inhibits hepatic SREBP1c and lipogenic gene expression and reduces hepatic OLA (C18:1) production to improve fructose and/or OLA induced liver lipid deposition. Furthermore, OA promotes PPARα and AMPK to enhance fatty acid oxidation in fructose + OLA‐fed SCD1−/− mice.ConclusionOA may inhibit SCD1 gene expression to ameliorate fructose‐induced hepatosteatosis through SREBP1c‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms.
Assessment of focal renal ischemia–reperfusion injury in a porcine model using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI
Authors: Kjærgaard Uffe , Bøgh Nikolaj , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Tougaard Rasmus Stilling , Bertelsen Lotte Bonde , Schulte Rolf F. , Laustsen Christoffer 
Published: March 2023

PurposeIschemic injury in the kidney is a common pathophysiological event associated with both acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease; however, regional ischemia–reperfusion as seen in thromboembolic renal disease is often undetectable and thus subclinical. Here, we assessed the metabolic alterations following subclinical focal ischemia–reperfusion injury with hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate MRI in a porcine model.MethodsFive pigs were subjected to 60 min of focal kidney ischemia. After 90 min of reperfusion, a multiparametric proton MRI protocol was performed on a clinical 3T scanner system. Metabolism was evaluated using 13C MRI following infusion of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate. Ratios of pyruvate to its detectable metabolites (lactate, bicarbonate, and alanine) were used to quantify metabolism.ResultsThe focal ischemia–reperfusion injury resulted in injured areas with a mean size of 0.971 cm3 (±1.019). Compared with the contralateral kidney, the injured areas demonstrated restricted diffusion (1269 ± 83.59 × 10−6 mm2/s vs. 1530 ± 52.73 × 10−6 mm2/s; p = 0.006) and decreased perfusion (158.8 ± 29.4 mL/100 mL/min vs. 274 ± 63.1 mL/100 mL/min; p = 0.014). In the metabolic assessment, the injured areas displayed increased lactate/pyruvate ratios compared with the entire ipsilateral and the contralateral kidney (0.35 ± 0.13 vs. 0.27 ± 0.1 vs. 0.25 ± 0.1; p = 0.0086). Alanine/pyruvate ratio was unaltered, and we were unable to quantify bicarbonate due to low signal.ConclusionMRI with hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate in a clinical setup is capable of detecting the acute, subtle, focal metabolic changes following ischemia. This may prove to be a valuable future addition to the renal MRI suite.
Liquid Plasticine‐Based Electrokinetic Enrichment of Proteins
Authors: Zhou Yulin , Niu Jicheng , Zhou Yan , Li Fei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProtein analysis is an important approach for disease diagnosis, in which sample pretreatment is an essential step since protein samples are often complex and many protein biomarkers are of low abundance. Here, given the good openness and light transmission of liquid plasticine (LP), which is a liquid entity formed by SiO2 nanoparticles and encapsulated aqueous solution, we developed a LP‐based field‐amplified sample stacking (FASS) system for protein enrichment. The system was composed of a LP container, a sample solution and a Tris‐HCl solution containing hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). The system design, mechanism investigation, optimization of experimental parameters and characterization of LP‐FASS performance for protein enrichment were well studied. Under the optimized experimental conditions of 1 % HEC, 100 mm Tris‐HCl and 100 V in the LP‐FASS system, a 40–80 times enrichment of proteins was obtained in 40 min using bovine hemoglobin (BHb) as the model protein using the constructed LP‐FASS system. The simultaneous enrichment of multiple proteins (phycocyanin, BHb and cytochrome C) was also realized using the system. The LP‐FASS system can serve as a new platform for protein enrichment which is easy to be combined with online and offline detections.
Social incentives foster cooperation through guilt aversion: An effect that diminishes with primary psychopathic traits
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Zhu Ruida , Gong Xu , Luo Yuejia , Liu Chao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe association between primary psychopathic traits and non‐cooperative behaviors is well‐identified. There is a lack of studies on how to motivate cooperative behaviors in individuals with primary psychopathic traits. This study investigated the effects of monetary incentives and social incentives on promoting cooperation in healthy adults with varying primary psychopathic traits. Participants played a one‐shot public goods game (PGG) with other anonymous players in three different contexts: a social incentives context where participants' decisions would be judged by others, a monetary incentives context where participants' decisions would result in winning or losing money depending on their contributions, and a control condition where no additional incentives were implemented. We found that, compared to the control condition, both monetary and social incentives significantly improved participants' contributions to the public project—an indicator of cooperative behavior. However, the association between higher primary psychopathic traits and less cooperation was only observed in the context of social incentives. Computational modeling further revealed that this effect can be explained by the diminishing guilt aversion when participants deliberately violated their inferred expectations of themselves from others' perspectives. This study found that social incentives can encourage cooperative behaviors in non‐clinical psychopathy, and identified the mental processes navigating this effect.
Using a brief web‐based, on demand training to improve preservice teacher knowledge of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Monteiro Elissa M. , Sims Wesley 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTeachers play an essential role in supporting children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and are often responsible for implementing the classroom‐based interventions designed to bolster the academic and behavioral success, and the socio‐emotional development of children with ADHD in schools. Unfortunately, several studies suggest teachers are inadequately prepared to take on this role. Evidence suggests there are widespread gaps in teacher knowledge about the meaning of a diagnosis of ADHD and evidence‐based interventions used to support children with ADHD in schools. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a virtual, self‐paced professional development seminar for preservice teachers. The webinar will be aimed at improving preservice teacher knowledge about the diagnosis of ADHD, characteristics of students with ADHD in the classroom, and evidence‐based interventions that can be used to alleviate academic and behavioral problems often experienced by students with ADHD. The webinar also aims to increase preservice teachers' self‐efficacy as it relates to supporting children with ADHD.
Antioxidant and chemotherapeutic efficacies of seaweed‐derived phlorotannins in cancer treatment: A review regarding novel anticancer drugs
Authors: Pradhan Biswajita , Ki Jang‐Seu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ineffectiveness of traditional cancer therapies due to drug resistance, nontargeted delivery, and chemotherapy‐associated adverse side effects has shifted attention to bioactive phytochemicals. Consequently, research efforts toward screening and identification of natural compounds with anticancer properties have increased in recent years. Marine seaweed‐derived bioactive compounds, such as polyphenolic compounds, have exhibited anticancer properties. Phlorotannins (PTs), a major group of seaweed‐derived polyphenolic compounds, have emerged as powerful chemopreventive and chemoprotective compounds, regulating apoptotic cell death pathways both in vitro and in vivo. In this context, this review focuses on the anticancer activity of polyphenols isolated from brown algae, with a special reference to PTs. Furthermore, we highlight the antioxidant effects of PTs and discuss how they can impact cell survival and tumor development and progression. Moreover, we discussed the potential therapeutic application of PTs as anticancer agents, having molecular mechanisms involving oxidative stress reduction. We have also discussed patents or patent applications that apply PTs as major components of antioxidant and antitumor products. With this review, researcher may gain new insights into the potential novel role of PTs, as well as uncover a novel cancer‐prevention mechanism and improve human health.
Misfits or misrecognition? Exploring STEMM degree students' concerns about non‐completion
Authors: Archer Louise , Godec Spela , Holmegaard Henriette Tolstrup 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReducing rates of degree non‐completion and widening participation in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) are key international policy concerns. This paper analyzes open‐ended response survey data from 1886 degree students in England, focusing on the 27% (n = 136/501) STEM and high‐status medicine (STEMM) degree students and 26% (n = 367/1385) non‐STEMM students who expressed concerns that they might not complete their degree. Insights are supplemented with two illustrative longitudinal case studies of young women, interviewed from age 10 to 21, who withdrew from their respective STEM degree courses. Around a quarter of both STEMM and non‐STEMM students expressed concerns that they might not complete and reported similar types of concern, with academic concerns being of prime importance—but particularly so among STEMM students. The percentage of students expressing concerns varied between STEMM disciplines (from 18% of maths students to 37% of computing students) and by student demographics, with women, racially minoritized, and students from less affluent backgrounds appearing most likely to worry that they might not complete. A Bourdieusian lens is employed to interpret patterns in the findings, challenging human capital explanations of non‐completion as due to individual student deficit (“misfits”) with a sociostructural interpretation (“misrecognition”) that draws attention to the role of capital and symbolic violence in shaping differential risks of non‐completion. Calls are made for the value of understanding STEMM student non‐completion as a structural issue, not just individual “unprepared” students who do not “fit” their degree.
A Study on the Dye Fixation Mechanism of Waterborne Polyurethane
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Huang He 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWaterborne polyurethane (WPU) has been widely used in the field of dye fixation and different fixation mechanisms have been proposed. However, questions on the impact of each fixation mechanism on dye fixation and the internal relationship between each mechanism remained. In this work, three cationic WPUs (CWPUs) and three non‐ionic WPUs (NWPUs) were first prepared to answer the question whether the fixation performance of non‐ionic WPU was necessarily worse than that of cationic WPU with similar composition. Two kinds of reactive CWPUs, including epoxy and isocyanate end groups, were prepared to investigate whether the reactive groups on WPU‐type dye fixing agent reacted with the groups on the fabric. A small molecular cationic dye fixing agent derived from the hydrophilic cationic chain extender of WPU was also synthesized, aiming to explore the relationship between the mechanisms of film formation and the formation of color lake.
Syntheses of 1,2‐Oxaphospholane 2‐Oxides and 1,2‐Oxaphosphole 2‐Oxides
Authors: Xu Jiaxi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract1,2‐Oxaphospholane and 1,2‐oxaphosphole 2‐oxides, γ‐phosphonolactones and γ‐phosphinolactones, also called γ‐phostones and γ‐phostines, are important five‐membered 1,2‐oxaphosphaheterocycles and crucial motifs of some biologically active compounds. Various synthetic methods of these 1,2‐oxaphosphaheterocycles have been developed till now. They can be divided as cyclization, annulation, cycloaddition, ring expansion and contractions. The cyclizations mainly include intramolecular nucleophilic substitution of 3‐haloalkylphosphonic and phosphinic acid derivatives, esterification of 3‐hydroxyalkylphosphonic/phosphinic acids, transesterification of alkyl 3‐hydroxyalkylphosphonates/phosphinates, halocyclization of alkyl alk‐2/3‐enylphosphonates, halocyclization of allenylphosphonic acid derivatives, the transition metal‐catalyzed oxidative cyclizations of benzyl/2‐methylphenylphosphonic/phosphinic acids, and the Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of γ‐bromoalkyl phosphonates/phosphinates. The annulations covers [4+1] and [3+2] annulations. In this review, we have described various strategies and further development for the synthesis of 1,2‐oxaphospholane and 1,2‐oxaphosphole 2‐oxides.
Histidine‐Mediated Synthesis of Chiral Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for Enantiomeric Discrimination and Quantification
Authors: Liu Xing , Du Yanli , Wang Shenli , Huang Yu , Tian Yongzhi , García‐Lojo Daniel , Pérez‐Juste Ignacio , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Zheng Guangchao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChiral transition metal oxide nanoparticles (CTMOs) are attracting a lot of attention due to their fascinating properties. Nevertheless, elucidating the chirality induction mechanism often remains a major challenge. Herein, the synthesis of chiral cobalt oxide nanoparticles mediated by histidine (Co3O4@L‐His and Co3O4@D‐His for nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of L‐ and D‐histidine, respectively) is investigated. Interestingly, these CTMOs exhibit remarkable and tunable chiroptical properties. Their analysis by x‐ray photoelectron, Fourier transform infrared, and ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy indicates that the ratio of Co2+/Co3+ and their interactions with the imidazole groups of histidine are behind their chiral properties. In addition, the use of chiral Co3O4 nanoparticles for the development of sensitive, rapid, and enantioselective circular dichroism‐based sensors is demonstrated, allowing direct molecular detection and discrimination between cysteine or penicillamine enantiomers. The circular dichroism response of the chiral Co3O4 exhibits a limit of detection and discrimination of cysteine and penicillamine enantiomers as low as 10 µm. Theoretical calculations suggest that the ligand exchange and the coexistence of both species adsorbed on the oxide surface are responsible for the enantiomeric discrimination. This research will enrich the synthetic approaches to obtain CTMOs and enable the extension of the applications and the discovery of new chiroptical properties.
Metal Coordinated Polymer as Three‐Dimensional Network Binder for High Sulfur Loading Cathode of Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Gao Qiaomeng , Shen Zhengyuan , Guo Zhijie , Li Minggang , Wei Jun , He Jinling , Zhao Yong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe construction of high sulfur (S) loading cathode is one of the critical parameters to obtain lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high energy density, but the slow redox reaction rate of high S loading cathode limits the development process. In this paper, a metal coordinated polymer‐based three‐dimensional network binder, which can improve the reaction rate and stability of S electrode. Compared with traditional linear polymer binders, the metal coordinated polymer binder can not only increase the load amount of S through the three‐dimensional cross‐linking, but also promote the interconversion reactions between S and lithium sulfide (Li2S), avoiding the passivation of electrode and improving the stability of the positive electrode. At an S load of 4–5 mg cm−2 and an E/S ratio of 5.5 µL mg−1, the discharged voltage in the second platform is 2.04 V and the initial capacity is 938 mA h g−1 with metal coordinated polymer binder. Moreover, the capacity retention rate approaches 87% after 100 cycles. In comparison, the discharged voltage in the second platform is lost and the initial capacity is 347 mA h g−1 with PVDF binder. It demonstrates the advanced properties of metal‐coordinated polymer binders for improving the performance of Li–S batteries.