bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Ethical Risks in Military Education
Authors: Okovič Dejan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article deals with the interconnection and conditionality of ethics and scientific research. It describes the different types and causes of unethical actions, which it classifies into groups, as well as the approaches to the management of unethical acts, focusing on the situation in the Slovenian scientific area. The article goes on to discuss the situation after the establishment of a National Military College in the military education system, and describes a unique way of managing ethics in a military organization and the suitability of applying the same in military education. After an analysis of the experience to date, the similarities and differences between the military and civilian education systems in the field of ethical risk management are explained.
Does Financial Inclusion Improve Income Equality? The Case of Türkiye
Authors: Erkişi Kemal , Boğa Semra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Income inequality has become an important economic and humanitarian problem for both advanced and emerging economies, especially with the increase in financialization trends. The equitable distribution of income has garnered attention in both developed and developing nations, given the rise in global trade and production. However, limited research has explored the impact of financial inclusion on income inequality. To address this gap, this study investigated the effect of financial inclusion on income inequality in Türkiye, contributing to the very limited literature. In this study, the financial inclusion variable is measured using a six-dimensional index encompassing financial institutions and financial markets with depth, access, and availability sub-dimensions. During the time frame spanning from 1980 to 2021, estimations of parameters are conducted employing cointegration regression techniques, including FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR. The analysis revealed that inflation, per capita income, urbanization, and financial inclusion have a negative impact on income equality, whereas education has a positive impact. A 1% rise in financial inclusion is associated with a proportional rise in income inequality of approximately 0.012%. Contrary to the findings of previous empirical studies in general, the increase in financial inclusion in Türkiye has a distorting effect on income equality. The findings of this study offer important implications for Türkiye. While the relationship between the financial inclusion indicator and income inequality is not negative, increasing the income of low-income groups across all financial sectors is likely to improve income equality.
Impact of Intellectual Capital and Risk Attitude Through Financial Literacy on Business Sustainability in Indonesia Batik Smes
Authors: Idris Ahmad , Hanafi Mamduh M. , Rahmawati Alni , Surwanti Arni 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aims to create a theoretical model of business sustainability with financial literacy antecedents. The antecedents of financial literacy are intellectual capital and risk attitudes. The research location is in the province of East Java, Indonesia. Batik SMEs are only found in Indonesia because it is a cultural heritage belonging to Indonesia that does not exist in other countries. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with 222 respondents from the batik SMEs spread across six cities. The data was taken using a questionnaire on a Likert scale. Data analysis uses SEM (structural equation modeling) with the SmartPLS application. The study results show that risk attitudes toward financial literacy have a positive effect. The effect of financial literacy on the business sustainability of the batik industry has a positive influence. The impact of intellectual capital on the business sustainability of the batik industry has a positive effect. Risk attitudes have no significant positive impact on business sustainability. Financial literacy has yet to be able to mediate intellectual capital’s influence on the batik SME’s business sustainability. This needs to be explored further with further research. Furthermore, financial literacy can mediate risk attitudes towards the business sustainability of batik SMEs.
Basal defoliation, salicylic acid and cyanocobalamin to ameliorate the physiological and biochemical characteristics of flood-irrigated ‘Crimson Seedless’ grapevines in a semi-arid Mediterranean climate
Authors: Abd El-Khalek Ahmed F. , El-Kenawy Mosaad A. , Belal Bassam E. , Hassan Islam F. , Hatterman-Valenti Harlene M. , Alam-Eldein Shamel M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
There is a high retail demand for ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape. Cluster shape, berry size, colour, and sugar contents influence the overall fruit quality and marketability. In many commercial vineyards of flood-irrigated clay soils under warm and humid semi-arid climates, adequate irrigation may lead to an enhanced fruit set that could potentially be associated with restricted berry growth, compact clusters, and poor berry colour and taste. To assess the role of some agronomic practices that may influence the canopy microclimate, and affect primary and secondary metabolites, seven treatments arranged in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) system with three replicates each (three vines per replicate) were applied as follow; the control (T1), 5-leaf basal defoliation at pre-bloom (BDPB) (T2), BDPB + foliar spray (FS) of 200 mg · L–1 salicylic acid (SA) (T3), BDPB + FS of 20 mg · L–1 cyanocobalamin (CCA) (T4), 5-leaf basal defoliation at full bloom (BDFB) (T5), BDFP + SA (T6) and BDFB + CCA (T7). Foliar applications were applied at 1) 2 weeks after the beginning of vegetative growth, 2) full bloom and 3) veraison stages. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), the principle component analysis (PCA) and the two-way hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated that BDPB (T2) generally has a better effect than that of BDFB (T5). The most pronounced effect on vegetative growth (shoot length and leaf area), photosynthesis activity (leaf chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents), fruit weight and dimensions, and total yield was observed in the case of T3, followed by T6, whereas concerning berry firmness, colour (anthocyanins) and sensory characteristics (soluble solids: acids ratio, total sugars and phenols), the most pronounced effect was observed in the case of T4, followed by T7.
Dual versus Monotherapy in the Prophylaxis of Acute and Chronic Migraine
Authors: Banday Muddasir Sharief , Rather Sajad Ahmad , Hussain Syed Sajad , Mufti Samina , Qureshi Sabia , Baba Misba Hamid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Migraine, a primary headache disorder, is a debilitating condition with reduced productivity, increased disability, and a very high economic burden. The present study aimed to individualize the treatment protocols for episodic and chronic migraine in order to reduce the duration, frequency, and severity of attacks, as well as the disability associated with migraine by comparing monotherapy and dual therapy.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study between February 2019 and July 2021. Patients were diagnosed with migraine based on simplified diagnostic criteria. Episodic migraine was present in 62% and chronic migraine in 38% of cases. Disability due to headache was assessed using the Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS) questionnaire. Prophylactic therapy was individualized, with 210 patients receiving monotherapy (propranolol, flunarizine, or valproic acid) and 190 patients receiving dual therapy (propranolol and flunarizine, or valproic acid and flunarizine). Disability at baseline was graded from I to IV, and improvement after treatment was graded as no recurrence of headache, grade I, grade II, and grade III.

Results
After 2–3 months of therapy, we observed significant improvement in the form of reduction in the frequency of attacks and reduction of disability. Patients with grade II disability who received dual therapy showed 100% improvement with no recurrence of headaches. Treatment with valproic acid resulted in no recurrence in 100% of patients with grade I and 85.7% of patients with grade II disability scores. Significant improvement was observed in all grades of disability with dual therapy.

Conclusion
Dual prophylactic therapy was more efficient than monotherapy in reducing the frequency, duration, and severity of symptoms in grade III and grade IV patients.
Vitamin D Toxicity Due to Self-Medication During the COVID-19 Pandemic – a Case Report
Authors: Rezmuves Maria Gabriela , Nastasa Emanuela , Demian Smaranda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction
During the COVID-19 pandemic, vitamin D was used along with vitamin C and zinc as a preventive and curative therapy against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vitamin D toxicity, even if it is rare, occurs when serum concentrations exceed 150 ng/mL and is usually manifested by hypercalcemia phenomena.

Case report
We hereby report a case of two twin sisters who self-medicated with vitamin D in a dose of 4 × 4,000 IU/day for almost 10 months as a method of ‘protection’ against COVID-19, influenced by mass media advertising. The patients presented to the emergency department with hypervitaminosis D-related symptoms such as hypertension, headache, nausea, vomiting, and diffuse abdominal pain. Laboratory investigations revealed high levels of vitamin D and calcium.

Conclusions
Vitamin D toxicity can lead to difficulties in positive and differential diagnosis because of the multiple complications of hypercalcemia.
Accuracy of 3D-Printed Models of Aortic Valves – a Comparative Analysis Between Planimetric and Photogrammetric Measurements
Authors: Cernica Daniel , Opincariu Diana , Chițu Monica , Kovács István , Benedek Theodora , Benedek Imre 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
3D printing has changed the paradigm of personalized medicine. Similarly to fingerprints, there are no two identical hearts; consequently, in cardiology, diagnosis and treatment, either medical, interventional or surgical, must be individualized according to the specific problem of a particular patient.

The aim

of this proof-of-concept study was to analyze two measurement methods, the planimetric and the photogrammetric method, in the process of creating a 3D-printed model from cardiac computed tomography angiography images and to evaluate the accuracy of an aortic valve anatomical model.

Material and methods
Cardiac computed tomography images, obtained from 20 patients with severe aortic stenosis, underwent stereolithographic reconstruction using 3D Slicer to create digital 3D models of the aortic valves. Serial measurements of six key elements of the aortic valvular apparatus were measured on the 3D model and compared to the measurements taken on the 2D computed tomography images.

Results
The differences between the two measurement methods were sub-millimetric in case of the left ventricular outflow tract and the sinotubular junction, and 1.386 mm for the left sinus of Valsalva (p = 0.0412), 0.3476 mm for the right sinus of Valsalva (p = 0.1874), and 0.6905 mm for the non-coronary Valsalva sinuses (p = 0.1353). Sinus heights were also similar, with a difference of 0.0119 mm (p = 0.6521).

Conclusion
In this study, the results of digital photogrammetry were superimposable to those of computed tomography scan measurements. The accuracy of each 3D-printed model depends on geometric complexity, the level of training of the personnel, and on the resources of each 3D printing laboratory.
Pseudohalitosis – More than a Complicated Multidisciplinary Case
Authors: Cerghedi Alessandra-Aniela , Trif Denisa-Paula , Salcudean Andreea , Molnar-Varlam Cristina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Halitophobia is also known as false halitosis or psychosomatic halitosis. This pseudo-pathology originates from the somatization of the compulsive idea that the patient has bad breath in the absence of oral pathology.

Case Presentation
A patient addressed dental surgery complaining of a self-diagnosed halitosis. The dental consultation did not find any dental problem that could cause bad breath. She was referred to a general practitioner for further investigations to rule out a general condition. The investigations revealed a perfectly healthy person, without any chronic ailment that could cause bad breath. The patient refused to consult a psychologist or psychiatrist, considering that she does not have a mental health problem.

Conclusions
Patients with a suspicion of psychogenic halitosis require psychiatric counseling, and dentists have to be prepared with an efficient strategy for the correct management of these patients.
Digitization of Gynecology Using Artificial Intelligence: Cervical Mapping Corroborated With Clinical Data for Conization Necessity
Authors: Minciună Dorina Adelina , Socolov Demetra Gabriela , Szőcs Attila , Ivanov Doina , Gîscă Tudor , Nechifor Valentin , Budai Sándor , Bálint Ákos , Socolov Răzvan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common female malignancy worldwide. In developing countries, it is the most common subtype of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Artificial intelligence has the potential to be of real use in the prevention and prompt diagnosis of cervical cancer. The aim of our study was to develop a medical platform consisting of an automated observation sheet containing colposcopy data, a software that would use a machine learning module based on clinical and image data for diagnosis and treatment, and a telemedicine module to enable collaboration between gynecologists.

Materials and methods
Clinical and colposcopy image data from 136 patients were introduced into a machine learning module designed to generate an algorithm for proposing a preliminary diagnosis and treatment. The clinical and imaging data were corroborated to generate six options: ‘Follow-up’, ‘Pharmacotherapy’, ‘Biopsy’, ‘Curettage’, ‘DTC’, and ‘Conization’.

Results
Data generated by the machine learning module regarding treatment options were compared with the opinion of gynecologists and yielded an accuracy of 78% for ‘Follow-up’, 81% for ‘Pharmacotherapy’, 84% for ‘Biopsy’, 90% for ‘Curettage’, 96% for ‘DTC’, and 81% for ‘Conization’.

Conclusions
The developed software can be an important step towards the digitization of existing gynecology offices and the creation of intelligently automated gynecology offices related to prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. More data is needed to improve the accuracy of the developed software.
Comparing eDQE and eNEQ metrics – is there an alternative approach to assessing image quality in digital mammography?
Authors: Wysocka-Rabin Anna , Dobrzyńska Magdalena , Pasicz Katarzyna , Skrzyński Witold , Fabiszewska Ewa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Early detection of breast cancer requires high-quality mammographic images that have been made possible by the introduction of new technologies, such as full-field digital mammography (FFDM). In this new study, we perform extended measurements to calculate effective detective quantum efficiency (eDQE) and introduce effective noise equivalent quanta (eNEQ). Our aim was to show how these two metrics relate to the image quality of two digital mammography systems.

Material and methods: Measurements were performed for a Siemens Mammomat Inspiration and a GE Senographe Pristina system. Each was equipped with an automatic exposure control (AEC) for use in a clinical setting. We used a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom at thicknesses of 20, 30, 40 and 70 mm to cover the range of scatter conditions expected in mammography, with and without an anti-scatter grid. The Siemens system had an a-Se detector, and the GE system had an indirect-conversion detector. Measurements of Kerma were performed with Piranha Black 657 meter (RTI Electronics AB). The majority of our calculations were automated, using a modified version of our software.

Results: For the two mammographic systems evaluated, we characterized physical quality parameters, such as effective modulation transfer function (eMTF), effective normalized noise power spectrum (eNNPS), eDQE and eNEQ for a wide range of exposures, phantom thicknesses, with and without an anti-scatter grid. Results are presented as a function of spatial frequency. A contrast-detail analysis was performed with a CDMAM 3.4 phantom with dedicated software (CDMAM analysis 1.5.5, NCCPM) and a set of different PMMA phantoms.

Conclusions: We successfully demonstrated that the eNEQ metric can be used as a new option to evaluate image quality for images taken with and without a grid and with phantoms of different thicknesses for the Siemens and GE systems. These results were consistent with the results obtained from CDMAM.
Effects of three types of attachments in the displacements, and distribution of stress and plastic deformation, and trough finite elements (FEM)
Authors: Andrade Wilmar Andrés Melo , Bajaire William Eduardo Fayad , Jaramillo Valentina Fayad , García Tania Alejandra González 
Published: September 2023

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of resin attachments on the displacement and deformation pattern of the aligner plastic, determine the center of rotation and stress distribution in the upper canine during space closure using the finite element method (FEM), and evaluate the plastic Aligner deformation.

Material and Methods:
A computer-assisted design model of the superior right hemiarch was constructed with the simulation of a first premolar extraction and a canine distalization, recreating the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. FEMs were created to analyze the behavior of stress and displacement of the upper right canine with aligners in four situations, one without attachment, and three with bonded attachments (vertical rectangular, rectangular beveled, optimized root control). In addition, the plastic deformation of the aligner was evaluated.

Results:
In the simulation without attachment, there was no apical movement, while with vertical rectangular and rectangular beveled the behavior was similar with crown distal displacement and mesial apex displacement. The optimized attachment had a better movement control of the canine body respecting the crown and apical movement toward the same direction. The mayor plastic deformation was shown without attachment and no deformation was evidenced with optimized attachment.

Conclusion:
The FEM showed that nevertheless the optimized attachment produced a distal crown and apical displacement with the use of plastic aligners during the space closure, the apex only moved ¼ of the distal crown movement. Our results suggest that to obtain a pure translation of the canine with aligners, it would be necessary the use of auxiliars which complement the needed biomechanics.
INVESTIGATION OF THE REGULARITIES OF PROLINE EXTRACTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING POLY-N-VINYLPIRROLIDONE
Authors: МАРЧЕНКО Л.А. , МОКШИНА Н.Я. , ПАХОМОВА О.А. , ИВАНЧУРА П.В. , КАННЫКИН С.В. , НИЖИВЕНКО В.Н. 
Published: September 2023

Пролин – заменимая гетероциклическая аминокислота – играет важную роль в обеспечении жизнедеятельности организма человека, поэтому разработка экспрессных и легко воспроизводимых методик извлечения и определения пролина в водных объектах и пищевых продуктах актуальна. Исследован процесс экстракции пролина и спектроскопически определено его содержание в водной фазе. В качестве экстрагента использовали синтезированный поли-N-винилпирролидон (ПВП) – безопасный водорастворимый полимер со средневязкостной молекулярной массой от 10000 до 94000. Рассчитан гидродинамический радиус частиц полимера. Предложен механизм межфазного распределения аналита с участием молекул воды, рассчитаны количественные экстракционные характеристики. Приведены результаты экстракции пролина из водных растворов, экстрагированного с применением ПВП. Установлено, что степень однократного извлечения пролина составляет 78% при соотношении водной и органической фаз 10 : 4 и минимальной молекулярной массе полимера. Показано, что для полного извлечения пролина из водного раствора достаточно двукратной экстракции ПВП.
Proline, a replaceable heterocyclic amino acid, plays an important role in ensuring the vital activity of the human body, therefore, the development of express and easily reproducible methods for extracting and determining proline in water bodies and food products is relevant. The proline extraction process was investigated and its content in the aqueous phase was spectroscopically determined. Synthesized poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a safe water-soluble polymer with a medium-viscosity molecular weight from 10000 to 94000, was used as an extractant. The hydrodynamic radius of polymer particles is calculated. The mechanism of the interphase distribution of the analyte with the participation of water molecules is proposed, quantitative extraction characteristics are calculated. The results of proline extraction from aqueous solutions extracted using PVP are presented. It was found that the degree of single extraction of proline is 78% with a ratio of the aqueous and organic phases of 10 : 4 and the minimum molecular weight of the polymer. It is shown that double extraction of PVP is sufficient for complete extraction of proline from an aqueous solution.
O ECOSSISTEMA DE VIGILÂNCIA E O IMPACTO DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NAS EMPRESAS THE SURVEILLANCE ECOSYSTEM AND THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON BUSINESSES
Authors: Durão Pedro , Sales Guimarães Poderoso Marluany 
Published: September 2023

O presente trabalho apresenta como objetivo analisar o uso da a Inteligência Artificial nas empresas e como a adoção desse método tecnológico pode causar impactos na ordem econômica e jurídica do País. Examinar os perigos da intitulada “algocracia” e sua influência direta na mudança cultural da vida humana, principalmente no que tange ao comportamento, privacidade e democracia. Além disso, verificar como a coleta de dados e o seu uso pelas grandes empresas impactam na autonomia do ser humano de realizarem livremente escolhas “não vigiadas”. A metodologia utilizada, de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, com base em dados teóricos obtidos através de pesquisa bibliográfica e doutrinária, propõe-se a analisar as principais características da Inteligência Artificial e do uso de algoritmos pelas empresas; examinar a proteção dos direitos e garantias fundamentais sob a perspectiva do constitucionalismo digital, e, por fim, verificar o ecossistema de vigilância e o impacto da utilização da inteligência artificial nas empresas, inclusive como uma ferramenta para proteger não apenas os dados em si, mas também os valores centrais, como privacidade pessoal, autonomia e democracia. The present work aims to analyze the use of Artificial Intelligence in companies and how the adoption of this technological method can impact the economic and legal order of the country. Examine the dangers of the so-called “algocracy” and its direct influence on the cultural change of human life, especially with regard to behavior, privacy and democracy. In addition, to verify how data collection and its use by large companies impact on the autonomy of human beings to freely make “unsupervised” choices. The methodology used, with a hypothetical-deductive approach, based on theoretical data obtained through bibliographical and doctrinal research, proposes to analyze the main characteristics of Artificial Intelligence and the use of algorithms by companies; examine the protection of fundamental rights and guarantees from the perspective of digital constitutionalism, and, finally, verify the surveillance ecosystem and the impact of the use of artificial intelligence in companies, including as a tool to protect not only the data itself, but also core values such as personal privacy, autonomy, and democracy.