bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEGAL STATUS OF REFUGEES AND DISPLACED PEOPLE
Authors: Дехканова Жылдыз Ахматовна , Бегимкулов Чынгыз Мурадельевич 
Published: August 2023

В научной статье раскрывается сущность понятий «беженец» и «вынужденный переселенец». По праву, каждое государство само определяет условия предоставления гражданства, права иностранцев, лиц без гражданства, беженцев, условия и порядок предоставления убежища. Вместе с тем каждое государство должно учитывать международно-правовые документы, в которых так или иначе затрагиваются различные аспекты правового статуса указанных категорий индивидов.
The scientific article reveals the essence of the concepts of "refugee" and "forced migrant". By law, each state itself determines the conditions for granting citizenship, the rights of foreigners, stateless persons, refugees, the conditions and procedure for granting asylum. At the same time, each state must take into account the international legal documents, which in one way or another affect various aspects of the legal status of these categories of individuals.
SOFTWARE STANDARDS AND THEIR SPECIFICATIONS
Authors: Ренсков Дмитрий Андреевич 
Published: August 2023

В данной статье проведено исследование программных стандартов, включая специфику стандартов HTML и CSS для веб-разработки, спецификаций JSON и XML для обмена данными, а также спецификаций TCP/IP для сетевого взаимодействия. Анализ этих стандартов позволяет понять их роль и значимость в соответствующих областях, а также обеспечить совместимость и эффективность разработки программного обеспечения и обмена данными в сетевых средах.
This article presents a study of software standards, including the specifics of HTML and CSS standards for web development, specifications of JSON and XML for data exchange, as well as specifications of TCP/IP for network communication. Analyzing these standards allows understanding their role and significance in their respective domains, as well as ensuring compatibility and efficiency in software development and data exchange in network environments.
The Effect of Compost Combination on Growth and Yield of Three Varieties Shallot Plants (Allium ascalonicum L).
Authors: Eviyati Eviyati , Faqih Achmad , Furqoning Firdaus Faris , Candra Kurniawan Fernanda , Rizqy Anjabi Niki , Ahmad Purnomo Aji 
Published: August 2023

This experiment aims to determine the effect of the combination of compost on the growth and yield of plants of three varieties of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L). The experiment was carried out in Karangwangun Village, Babakan District, Cirebon Regency - West Java. The research period will be carried out from January to May 2023. The location is located at an altitude of 93 meters above sea level (asl), the soil type of Latosol and Regosol association, including rain type C (moderately wet). The experimental method used is using an experimental method with a Randomized Group Design (RAK) combination pattern, the treatment consists of two factors that are repeated three times. The first factor is compost which consists of three levels, namely compost 10 tons / ha, compost 15 tons / ha, and compost 20 tons / ha. While the second factor is varieties consisting of three levels, namely pancasona varieties, violetta varieties, and bima varieties. The main observation data were processed using linear model statistical tests, fingerprint analysis, and scott-knot group follow-up test analysis. To determine the correlation between the treatment and the growth and yield components of shallots, the correlation used is with the Product Moment correlation coefficient. The experimental results showed: (1) The combination of compost treatment and onion plant varieties had an effect on the weight of fresh bulbs per plot and the weight of dry tubers per clump, but did not affect plant height, number of leaves, number of saplings per clump, root volume, number of tubers per plant, diameter of tubers per plant, weight of fresh bulbs per plant, and weight of dry tubers per plot, (2) The highest dry tuber weight per plot was produced by a combination of compost treatment of 10 tons / ha and bima varieties of 3.85 kg / plot or equivalent to 10.26 tons / ha and was not significantly different from other treatment combinations, and (3) There was a significant correlation between plant height and the number of leaves aged 35 HST and 45 HST with seed weights per plot with weak and medium categories. However, there was no apparent correlation between plant height and leaf count aged 25 HST with seed weight per plot with very weak category.
The Effect of The Combination of Bioslurry and Spacing on The Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium Ascalonicum L.) Varieties of Bima Brebes
Authors: Suciaty Tety , Faqih Achmad , Retno Wati Ayu , Izul Fitri Mubarik , Nopendi Rifki , Riyadi Selamet 
Published: August 2023

The study aims to find out: (1) The effect of the combination of bioslurry and spacing of shallots (Allium Ascalonicum L.) (2) The effect of the combination of bioslurry concentration and the best planting distance on the ha sil of onion plants (Allium Ascalonicum L.). (3) Correlation between growth components and yield of onion plants (Allium Ascalonicum L.). The research was conducted in Karangwangun Village, Babakan District, Cirebon Regency - West Java. The research was conducted from August to December 2022. The experimental method used is using the experimental method with Group Random Design (RAK), the treatment consists of two factors that are repeated 3 times. The first factor is bioslurry with concentrate of 5% or 50 ml/lt, 10% or 100 ml/lt, 15% or 150 ml/lt. While the second factor is the planting distance which consists of three levels, namely planting distances of 20 cm x 10 cm, 20 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm. The main observation data were processed using statistical tests, fingerprint analysis, and further test analysis of the Scott-Knott group. To determine the correlation between treatment and the components of rice growth and yield, the correlation used is with the Product Moment correlation coefficient. The experimental results showed: (1) The combination of Bioslurry and planting distance affected the number of saplings, root volume, plant growth rate aged 15 HST-25 HST, tuber diameter, fresh tuber weight per clump, dry tuber weight per clump, and dry tuber weight per plot, (2) The highest dry tuber weight per plot of 3.74 kg per plot or equivalent to 9.972 tons / ha (land efficiency 80%) was obtained in the combination of E treatment (bioslurry 50 ml / liter and planting distance 20cm x 15cm), and (3) There was a marked correlation between the number of leaves at 25 HST and 35 HST and the number of saplings in all observation periods with dry tuber weights per plot
Pengaruh Pengaturan Jarak Kipas Angin Listrik Pada Proses Pembakaran Arang Batok Terhadap Kualitas Sate Ayam Madura
Authors: Mahmut Amir 
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pengaturan jarak kipas angin listrik pada proses pembakaran arang batok terhadap kualitas sate ayam Madura. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Program studi Pendidikan Tata Boga, Universitas Negeri Jakarta dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen, yang dilanjutkan dengan uji organoleptik terhadap 15 panelis terlatih. Pengaturan jarak yang diberikan terhadap pembakaran sate dan kipas angin listrik yaitu sebesat 50 cm (S1), 60 cm (S2), dan 70 cm (S3). Hasil analisis deskriptif menghasilkan nilai rata-rata tertinggi pada aspek warna yaitu S3 dengan skor 3,40 kategori cokelat dengan bakaran hitam sedikit Pada aspek rasa bakaran arang terdapat rata-rata tertinggi yaitu S3 mempunyai skor 3,73 kategori rasa agak kuat dengan dominasi kuat. Pada aspek rasa bumbu kacang terdapat rata-rata tertinggi yaitu S3 mempunyai skor 4,13 kategori rasa kuat. Pada aspek aroma bakaran arang terdapat rata-rata yang sama antara S1, S2, dan S3 dengan skor 3,73 kategori aroma agak kuat didominasi aroma kuat. Pada aspek aroma bumbu kacang terdapat rata-rata tertinggi S2 dengan skor 4,40 mempunyai aroma kuat. Pada aspek tekstur rata-rate tertinggi S1 dengan skor 4,53 mempunyai tekstur empuk. Aspek juiciness terdapat rata-rata tertinggi pada S1 dan S3 yang mempunyai skor sama 2,13 dengan tingkat kadar air tidak berair saat dikunyah. Kesimpulan akhir menunjukkan bahwa pada jarak tersebut menggunakan kipas angin listrik 10 inci dengan kecepatan tetap 810 rpm dapat memperoleh hasil yang tidak jauh berbeda dalam kualitas sate ayam Madura yang mempunyai kualitas cukup baik sebagai pangan lokal dengan bantuan pengolahan teknologi mesin.
მომავალი გლობალური მართლწესრიგი
Authors: ფრიდმანი ლოურენს მ. , ბრეგვაძე ლაშა 
Published: August 2023

ოცი წლის წინ, იურისტების სამყაროში, თითქმის არავინ საუბრობდა გლობალიზაციის შესახებ. უცაბედად – სულ მცირე, ეს უცაბედად გამოიყურება – გლობალიზაცია და გლობალური მართლწესრიგი ყველას პირიდან გაისმის. კონფერენციები, სიმპოზიუმები, ტექსტები და ზოგადი აღგზნებაც შეეხება ამ საკითხს.[1] იბეჭდება წიგნები და სტატიები, მთელი ჟურნალებიც კი, სათაურში სიტყვა „გლობალიზაციით“. ნაწილობრივ, ეს უბრალოდ მოდურობითაა განპირობებული; მაგრამ, ასევე მოდურობაზეც უფრო მეტია – ეს არის პასუხი თანამედროვე სამყაროში რაღაც ნამდვილზე და მნიშვნელოვანზე.
Analisis Perilaku Mahasiswa dari Ancaman Keamanan Komputer
Authors: Hidayat Akmal , Rahman Mufti Fathur , Awaliyah Miftahul Jannah , Fathur Rachman Ahmad Abdillah , Achyar AM Andi Muh 
Published: August 2023

Dalam perkuliahan pastinya mahasiswa pasti memerlukan komputer entah itu untuk membuat tugas ataupun untuk mengerjakan sesuatu. Oleh karena itu dalam pemakaian komputer, mahasiswa harus menjaga keamanan komputer dari Ancaman-ancaman yang akan bisa merusak suatu sistem di komputer. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku Mahasiswa dalam menjaga keamanan komputer dari Ancaman-ancaman yang ada. Hasil penelitian di ambil dari sampel Mahasiswa di Jurusan JTIK di UNM. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa bahwa 90 % responden menyatakan bahwa mereka paham dan mampu untuk membedakan serangan yang berupa phising dan lain sebagainya yang dapat membahayakan privasi dan perangkat mereka.
MMP12 serves as an immune cell–related marker of disease status and prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Guo-Sheng , Gan Xiang-Yu , Huang Zhi-Guang , He Rong-Quan , Huang Hong , Li Dong-Ming , Tang Yu-Lu , Tang Deng , Zou Wen , Liu Jun , Dang Yi-Wu , Chen Gang , Zhou Hua-Fu , Kong Jin-Liang , Lu Hui-ping 
Published: August 2023

Background
Worldwide, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has wreaked havoc on humanity. Matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP12) plays an essential role in a variety of cancers. This study aimed to reveal the expression, clinical significance, and potential molecular mechanisms of MMP12 in LUSC.

Methods
There were 2,738 messenger RNA (mRNA) samples from several multicenter databases used to detect MMP12 expression in LUSC, and 125 tissue samples were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, Kaplan–Meier curves, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the clinical value of MMP12 in LUSC. The potential molecular mechanisms of MMP12 were explored by gene enrichment analysis and immune correlation analysis. Furthermore, single-cell sequencing was used to determine the distribution of MMP12 in multiple tumor microenvironment cells.

Results
MMP12 was significantly overexpressed at the mRNA level (p < 0.05, SMD = 3.13, 95% CI [2.51–3.75]), which was verified at the protein level (p < 0.001) by internal IHC experiments. MMP12 expression could be used to differentiate LUSC samples from normal samples, and overexpression of MMP12 itself implied a worse clinical prognosis and higher levels of immune cell infiltration in LUSC patients. MMP12 was involved in cancer development and progression through two immune-related signaling pathways. The high expression of MMP12 in LUSC might act as an antigen-presenting cell–associated tumor neoantigen and activate the body’s immune response.

Conclusions
MMP12 expression is upregulated in LUSC and high expression of MMP12 serves as a risk factor for LUSC patients. MMP12 may be involved in cancer development by participating in immune-related signaling pathways and elevating the level of immune cell infiltration.
Life-expectancy changes during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019–2021: estimates from Japan, a country with low pandemic impact
Authors: Munira Mst Sirajum , Okada Yuta , Nishiura Hiroshi 
Published: August 2023

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic had a low impact on Japan in 2020, but the size of the epidemic increased considerably there in 2021. This study made a statistical analysis of life expectancy changes up to the end of 2021 in Japan.

Objective
We aimed to estimate changes in life expectancy from 2019 to 2021 associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we decomposed the life expectancy changes from 2020–2021 into age-specific and cause of death-specific contributions.

Methods
We used the absolute number of deaths by age and prefecture in Japan to calculate life expectancy from 2019–21 at both national and prefectural levels, and also examined the correlation between life expectancy gap and annual number of COVID-19 cases, total person-days spent in intensive care, and documented deaths due to COVID-19. We used the Arriaga decomposition method to decompose national life expectancy changes from 2020 to 2021 into age and cause of death components.

Results
From 2019–2020, Japan’s national level life expectancy across the entire population was extended by 0.24 years. From 2020–2021, it shortened by 0.15 years. The life expectancy shortened more among women (0.15 years) than men (0.12 years). There was significant heterogeneity in life expectancy changes from 2020–2021 by prefecture. It ranged from the maximum shortening of 0.57 years in Tottori prefecture to the maximum extension of 0.23 years in Fukui. The regression analysis revealed the negative correlation between the life expectancy change and burden of COVID-19 at prefectural level. The decomposition of life expectancy changes at birth from 2020–2021 showed that losses in life expectancy were largely attributable to the mortality of the population over 70 years old. Changes in life expectancy among infants and working-age adults mostly contributed to lengthening overall life expectancy. Among leading major causes of death, deaths due to neoplastic tumor and cardiovascular diseases contributed to shortening life expectancy, whereas respiratory diseases did not.

Conclusion
The decades-long increasing trend in life expectancy was suspended by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, life expectancy changes from 2019–2020 and 2020–2021 were small in Japan. This may be attributable to the small epidemiological impact of COVID-19 during this time period, but nonetheless, the negative impact of COVID-19 on life expectancy was indicated in the present study. The chance of death accelerated in older people in 2021, but a smaller number of deaths than usual among infants and working age adults contributed to extended life expectancy, and the change in the cause of death structure under the COVID-19 pandemic also significantly contributed to shortening life expectancy.
Assessing the Suitability of Tomato Products as a Functional Ingredient in Paneer
Authors: Patel Zenith , Pinto Suneeta , Patel Sunil 
Published: August 2023

This research involved the selection of suitable tomato products from amongst the puree, paste and powder for manufacture of tomato flavoured paneer. Paneer was prepared from milk standardized to 3% fat and 8.5% MSNF. The first part of the study was conducted to select the optimum level of tomato puree, paste and powder. From amongst different rate of addition (w/w of milk) of tomato products studied viz. 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15% in case of puree and paste and 4, 5, 6 and 7% in case of powder, it was found that samples containing puree, paste and powder @ 10, 10 and 5 % were liked the most. In the next part of the study three batches of paneer viz. T1, T2 and T3 were prepared in which tomato puree, paste and powder were incorporated at 10, 10 and 5% respectively. Control (C) paneer was prepared from standardized milk. It was found that the fat, FDM and pH of T1, T2 and T3 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of C, whereas moisture content of T1, T2 and T3 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than C. The recovery of fat, protein and TS in T1, T2 and T3 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than C, while no significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in yield of paneer. All the textural properties viz. hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness and gumminess of samples containing tomato products were significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to control. The overall acceptability score of T1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of T2 and T3 but was significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to C. The Vitamin C, total dietary fiber and antioxidant capacity of T1 was significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to C. Hence, it was concluded that good quality tomato flavoured paneer can be prepared incorporating tomato puree @ 10% w/w of milk with better functional properties compared to control.
Equity, diversity, and inclusion topics at a medical physics residency journal club
Authors: Fagerstrom Jessica M. , Windsor Cheyann , Zaks Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA journal club program was initiated in a clinically focused, geographically distributed medical physics therapy residency program. This program currently supports two residents at different clinical sites, who regularly present at the new journal club. For one of the sessions, residents were assigned to present on topics related to the broad themes of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in the context of medical physics, radiation oncology, or medical oncology. As in other journal club sessions, residents were responsible for choosing their respective articles within required criteria and with approval from the program director. The session was executed in late 2022, with both residents leading and facilitating discussion for the residents, the residency program director, and all residency faculty members. This education case report will include the learning objectives for the journal club session, a description of the content covered in the session, discussion regarding the session's alignment with the original learning objectives, and ideas for program directors intending to include evidence‐based EDI topics in journal clubs.
Iridium‐Based Selective Emitters for Thermophotovoltaic Applications
Authors: Vaidhyanathan Krishnamurthy Gnanavel , Chirumamilla Manohar , Krekeler Tobias , Ritter Martin , Raudsepp Ragle , Schieda Mauricio , Klassen Thomas , Pedersen Kjeld , Petrov Alexander Yu. , Eich Manfred , Störmer Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe long‐term operation of refractory‐metal‐based metamaterials is crucial for applications such as thermophotovoltaics. The metamaterials based on refractory metals like W, Mo, Ta, Nb, and Re fail primarily by oxidation. Here, the use of the noble metal Ir is proposed, which is stable to oxidation and has optical properties comparable to gold. The thermal endurance of Ir in a 3‐layer‐system, consisting of HfO2/Ir/HfO2, by performing annealing experiments up to 1240 °C in a pressure range from 2 × 10−6 mbar to 1 bar, is demonstrated. The Ir layer shows no oxidation in a vacuum and inert gas atmosphere. At temperatures above 1100 °C, the Ir layer starts to agglomerate due to the degradation of the confining HfO2layers. An in situ X‐ray diffraction experimental comparison between 1D multilayered Ir/HfO2and W/HfO2selective emitters annealed at 1000 °C, 2 × 10−6 mbar, over 100 h, confirms oxidation stability of Ir while W multilayers gradually disappear. The results of this work show that W‐based metamaterials are not long‐term stable even at 1000 °C. However, the oxidation resistance of Ir can be leveraged for refractory plasmonic metamaterials, such as selective emitters in thermophotovoltaic systems with strong suppression of long wavelength radiation.
[2+2+1+1] Cycloaddition Reaction of 1,3,5‐Triazinanes with Methylene Compounds: Approach to Hexahydropyrimidines
Authors: Tian Yuting , Chen Ziyang , Su Kexin , Zheng Yongsheng , Liu Jikai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn acetic acid‐catalyzed [2+2+1+1] cycloaddition of 1,3,5‐triazinanes with methylene compounds was developed. This protocol provides an access to hexahydropyrimidines (HHPs) (25 examples) in 35–99% yields under mild conditions in 2 hours. The potential application of this method was demonstrated by gram‐scale synthesis. Preliminary mechanistic investigation was conducted to elucidate the possible mechanism. This work represents the yet unknown example of [2+2+1+1] cycloaddition reaction between 1,3,5‐triazinanes and active methylene compounds.
B−N/B−O Contained Heterocycles as Fusion Locker in Multi‐Resonance Frameworks towards Highly‐efficient and Stable Ultra‐Narrowband Emission
Authors: Meng Guoyun , Zhou Jianping , Huang Tianyu , Dai Hengyi , Li Xiao , Jia Xiaoqin , Wang Lu , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFusing condensed aromatics into multi‐resonance (MR) frameworks has been an exquisite strategy to modulate the optoelectronic properties, which, however, always sacrifices the small full width at half maxima (FWHM). Herein, we strategically embed B−N/B−O contained heterocycles as fusion locker into classical MR prototypes, which could enlarge the π‐extension and alleviate the steric repulsion for an enhanced planar skeleton to suppress the high‐frequency stretching/ scissoring vibrations for ultra‐narrowband emissions. Sky‐blue emitters with extremely small FWHMs of 17–18 nm are thereafter obtained for the targeted emitters, decreased by (1.4–1.9)‐fold compared with the prototypes. Benefiting from their high photoluminescence quantum yields of >90 % and fast radiative decay rates of >108 s−1, one of those emitters shows a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 31.9 % in sensitized devices, which remains 25.8 % at a practical luminance of 1,000 cd m−2 with a small FWHM of merely 19 nm. Notably a long operation half‐lifetime of 1,278 h is also recorded for the same device, representing one of the longest lifetimes among sky‐blue devices based on MR emitters.
Hexagonal MnTe with Antiferromagnetic Spin Splitting and Hidden Rashba–Dresselhaus Interaction for Antiferromagnetic Spintronics
Authors: Rooj Suman , Chakraborty Jayita , Ganguli Nirmal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHexagonal MnTe emerges as a critical component in designing magnetic quantum heterostructures, calling for a detailed study. After finding a suitable combination of exchange–correlation functional and corrections, this study within ab initio density functional theory uncovers an insulating state with a preferred antiferromagnetic (AFM) order. The exchange interaction strengths are computed to estimate the AFM ordering temperature via Monte Carlo calculations. These calculations and symmetry analysis reveal a large spin splitting in the system due to the AFM order without considering spin–orbit interaction, except in the kx‐ky plane. Critically examining the band dispersion and spin textures obtained from these calculations and comparing them with an insightful symmetry analysis and analytical model, a combined Rashba–Dresselhaus interaction in the kx‐ky plane, around the K point of the system, is confirmed. These results and insights would help design heterostructures of MnTe for technological applications.