bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative impact of traditional vs. newer oral antifungals for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis: a network meta-analysis study
Authors: Gupta Aditya K , Venkataraman Maanasa , Bamimore Mary A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
There is a paucity of evidence regarding the relative therapeutic efficacy of treatments for onychomycosis.

Objectives
We determined the relative efficacy of monotherapies for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis with Bayesian network meta-analyses (NMAs).

Methods
We searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE (Ovid) and CINAHL to identify studies that investigated the efficacy of monotherapy with oral antifungals for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis in adults. In this paper, ‘regimen’ corresponds to a given agent and its dosage. The relative effects and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values of the various regimens were estimated; evidence quality was assessed at the study level and across networks.

Results
Data from 21 studies were used. Our two efficacy-related endpoints were: (i) mycological and (ii) complete cure at 1 year; safety-­related endpoints were: (i) 1-year count of any adverse event (AE), (ii) 1-year odds of discontinuation due to any AE, (iii) 1-year odds of discontinuation due to liver issues. Thirty-five regimens were identified; the newer agents among these included posaconazole and oteseconazole. We compared the efficacy of newer regimens with traditional ones like ‘terbinafine 250 mg daily for 12 weeks’ and ‘itraconazole 200 mg daily for 12 weeks. We found that an agent’s dosage was associated with its efficacy; for example, the 1-year odds of mycological cure with terbinafine 250 mg daily for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 92.4%) were significantly greater than those of terbinafine 250 mg daily for 12 weeks (SUCRA = 66.3%) (odds ratio 2.62, 95% credible interval 1.57–4.54). We also found that booster regimens can increase efficacy. Our results showed that some triazoles could be more effective than terbinafine.

Conclusions
This is the first NMA study of monotherapeutic antifungals – and their various dosages – for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis. Our findings could provide guidance for the selection of the most appropriate antifungal agent, especially amid the growing concerns about terbinafine resistance.
Rare variants in ANO1, encoding a calcium-activated chloride channel, predispose to moyamoya disease
Authors: Pinard Amélie , Ye Wenlei , Fraser Stuart M , Rosenfeld Jill A , Pichurin Pavel , Hickey Scott E , Guo Dongchuan , Cecchi Alana C , Boerio Maura L , Guey Stéphanie , Aloui Chaker , Lee Kwanghyuk , Kraemer Markus , Alyemni Saleh Omar ,   University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Bamshad Michael J , Nickerson Deborah A , Tournier-Lasserve Elisabeth , Haider Shozeb , Jin Sheng Chih , Smith Edward R , Kahle Kristopher T , Jan Lily Yeh , He Mu , Milewicz Dianna M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Moyamoya disease, a cerebrovascular disease leading to strokes in children and young adults, is characterized by progressive occlusion of the distal internal carotid arteries and the formation of collateral vessels. Altered genes play a prominent role in the aetiology of moyamoya disease, but a causative gene is not identified in the majority of cases.
Exome sequencing data from 151 individuals from 84 unsolved families were analysed to identify further genes for moyamoya disease, then candidate genes assessed in additional cases (150 probands). Two families had the same rare variant in ANO1, which encodes a calcium-activated chloride channel, anoctamin-1. Haplotype analyses found the families were related, and ANO1 p.Met658Val segregated with moyamoya disease in the family with an LOD score of 3.3. Six additional ANO1 rare variants were identified in moyamoya disease families.
The ANO1 rare variants were assessed using patch-clamp recordings, and the majority of variants, including ANO1 p.Met658Val, displayed increased sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+. Patients harbouring these gain-of-function ANO1 variants had classic features of moyamoya disease, but also had aneurysm, stenosis and/or occlusion in the posterior circulation.
Our studies support that ANO1 gain-of-function pathogenic variants predispose to moyamoya disease and are associated with unique involvement of the posterior circulation.
Gate control of sensory neurotransmission in peripheral ganglia by proprioceptive sensory neurons
Authors: Fuller Alice M , Luiz Ana , Tian Naxi , Arcangeletti Manuel , Iseppon Federico , Sexton Jane E , Millet Queensta , Caxaria Sara , Ketabi Niloofar , Celik Petek , Wood John N , Sikandar Shafaq 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Melzak and Wall’s gate control theory proposed that innocuous input into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord represses pain-inducing nociceptive input. Here we show that input from proprioceptive parvalbumin-expressing sensory neurons tonically represses nociceptor activation within dorsal root ganglia. Deletion of parvalbumin-positive sensory neurons leads to enhanced nociceptor activity measured with GCaMP3, increased input into wide dynamic range neurons of the spinal cord and increased acute and spontaneous pain behaviour, as well as potentiated innocuous sensation. Parvalbumin-positive sensory neurons express the enzymes and transporters necessary to produce vesicular GABA that is known to be released from depolarized somata. These observations support the view that gate control mechanisms occur peripherally within dorsal root ganglia.
Hypoxia-responsive lncRNA G077640 promotes ESCC tumorigenesis via the H2AX–HIF1α–glycolysis axis
Authors: Huang Xiaomei , Liu Chunxia , Li Hao , Dai Tianyang , Luo Gang , Zhang Chunxiang , Li Tao , Lü Muhan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we verified a hitherto uncharacterized hypoxia-responsive lncRNA, G077640, which is upregulated in human ESCC cells and tissues, supporting the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells. Mechanistically, G077640 prevented hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) from being degraded by directly interacting with histone H2AX and further modulated the interaction of HIF1α and H2AX. In addition, G077640 reprogrammed glycolytic metabolism by regulating the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) for ESCC proliferation and migration. Clinically, G077640 was associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Taken together, our findings identified a hypoxia-responsive lncRNA that contributes to ESCC cells proliferation and migration, and targeting G077640 and its pathway might be a potential therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
The cost of sympatry: spatio-temporal patterns in leopard dietary and physiological responses to tiger competition gradient in Rajaji Tiger Reserve, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Patel Shiv Kumari , Ruhela Sourabh , Biswas Suvankar , Bhatt Supriya , Pandav Bivash , Mondol Samrat 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Apex predators have critical roles in maintaining the structure of ecosystem functioning by controlling intraguild subordinate populations. Such dominant–subordinate interactions involve agonistic interactions including direct or indirect impacts on the subordinates. As these indirect effects are often mediated through physiological processes, it is important to quantify such responses to better understand population parameters. We used a large carnivore intraguild system involving tiger (Panthera tigris) and leopard (Panthera pardus) to understand the dietary and physiological responses under a spatio-temporal gradient of tiger competition pressures in Rajaji Tiger Reserve (RTR) between 2015 and 2020. We conducted systematic faecal sampling in the winters of 2015 and 2020 from the park to assess diet and physiological measures. Analyses of leopard-confirmed faeces suggest a dietary-niche separation as a consequence of tiger competition. In 2020, we found an increased occurrence of large-bodied prey species without tiger competition in western-RTR. Physiological measures followed the dietary responses where leopards with large-sized prey in the diet showed higher fT3M and lower fGCM measures in western-RTR. In contrast, eastern-RTR leopards showed lower levels of fT3M and fGCM in 2020, possibly due to intense competition from tigers. Overall, these patterns strongly indicate a physiological cost of sympatry where competition with dominant tigers resulted in elevated nutritional stress. We recommend expansion of leopard monitoring and population estimation efforts to buffers, developing appropriate plans for human–leopard conflict mitigation and intensive efforts to understand leopard population dynamics patterns to ensure their persistence during the ongoing Anthropocene.
NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1 contributions to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and immunothrombosis
Authors: Potere Nicola , Garrad Evan , Kanthi Yogendra , Di Nisio Marcello , Kaplanski Gilles , Bonaventura Aldo , Connors Jean Marie , De Caterina Raffaele , Abbate Antonio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Immunothrombosis—immune-mediated activation of coagulation—is protective against pathogens, but excessive immunothrombosis can result in pathological thrombosis and multiorgan damage, as in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The NACHT-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome produces major proinflammatory cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-1β and IL-18, and induces pyroptotic cell death. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway also promotes immunothrombotic programs including release of neutrophil extracellular traps and tissue factor by leukocytes, and prothrombotic responses by platelets and the vascular endothelium. NLRP3 inflammasome activation occurs in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. In preclinical models, NLRP3 inflammasome pathway blockade restrains COVID-19-like hyperinflammation and pathology. Anakinra, recombinant human IL-1 receptor antagonist, showed safety and efficacy and is approved for the treatment of hypoxaemic COVID-19 patients with early signs of hyperinflammation. The non-selective NLRP3 inhibitor colchicine reduced hospitalization and death in a subgroup of COVID-19 outpatients but is not approved for the treatment of COVID-19. Additional COVID-19 trials testing NLRP3 inflammasome pathway blockers are inconclusive or ongoing. We herein outline the contribution of immunothrombosis to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, and review preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting an engagement of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in the immunothrombotic pathogenesis of COVID-19. We also summarize current efforts to target the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in COVID-19, and discuss challenges, unmet gaps, and the therapeutic potential that inflammasome-targeted strategies may provide for inflammation-driven thrombotic disorders including COVID-19.
Through the Looking Glass of Madame Butterfly: Narrative Gender Transition in the Writings of Angela Carter
Authors: Ikoma Natsumi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article situates Angela Carter’s Japanese writings in the context of multiple interconnected discourses in the 1960s and 1970s: on the one hand, anti-imperialism, postcolonialism, and feminism among European intellectuals and, on the other hand, “self-orientalism,” anti-Western nationalism, and global capitalism in postwar Japan. As a white woman in Japan, Carter was not only, as previously argued by scholars, doubly objectified as woman and foreigner, but “subjectified” in a patriarchal/colonialist discourse and made aware of her complicity in objectifying, emasculating, and exploiting the native. Carter’s Japanese and post-Japan writings reflect a newly acquired awareness of gender in a colonial context, demonstrated by her conscious use of male pronouns and gender transitions, effectively problematizing the othering tendency of European orientalists and the Japanese self-orientalist exploitation of it.
Comparative genomics of two Empidonax flycatchers reveal candidate genes for bird song production
Authors: García Natalia C , Campagna Leonardo , Rush Andrew C , Bowie Rauri C K , Lovette Irby J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Whole-genome-level comparisons of sister taxa that vary in phenotype against a background of high genomic similarity can be used to identify the genomic regions that might underlie their phenotypic differences. In wild birds, this exploratory approach has detected markers associated with plumage coloration, beak and wing morphology, and complex behavioral traits like migration. Here, we use genomic comparisons of two closely related suboscine flycatchers (Empidonax difficilis and E. occidentalis) and their hybrids to search for candidate genes underlying their variation in innate vocal signals. We sequenced the genomes of 20 flycatchers that sang one of two species-specific pure song types and 14 putative hybrid individuals with intermediate song types. In the resulting genomic comparisons, we found six areas of high differentiation that may be associated with variation in nonlearned songs. These narrow regions of genomic differentiation contain a total of 67 described genes, of which three have been previously associated with forms of language impairment and dyslexia in humans and 18 are known to be differentially expressed in the song nuclei regions of the avian brain compared with adjacent parts of the avian brain. This “natural experiment” therefore may help identify loci associated with song differences that merit further study across bird lineages with both learned and innate vocalizations.
Fieldwork and LGBTQ+ Identities: Queering the Outdoors
Authors: Kamran Maryam , Jennings Kelsey 
Published: May 2023

SynopsisFieldwork is considered an integral component of research within conservation biology and ecology. Oftentimes, institutions and researchers share resources on general safety when collecting data in field settings. Despite an increasing awareness, there has been a lack of transparency and communication in terms of the hazards associated with fieldwork. These include but are not limited to an increased risk of sexual harassment and assault. These risks are compounded particularly for those from marginalized racial, sexual, and gender identities. In addition to this lack of acknowledgment, the added risks to those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (trans), and/or queer or members of other marginalized sexualities and gender identities (to reflect the “+” in LGBTQ+) are often overlooked. We have found that there is not only a lack of data on sexual orientation and gender identities of researchers and the barriers they may face as field-based scientists, but also a lack of awareness of how we can support those from these marginalized groups within our disciplines. Creating a SAFE and INCLUSIVE community for those with marginalized identities is key to sustaining the diversity within our discipline. Here, we outline a series of recommendations that can be utilized to address the harassment, homophobia, and transphobia that our LGBTQ+ colleagues face. These recommendations range from what can be applied at the local level (within a lab group), at the department level, at the institutional level as well at specific field sites.
When Food Fights Back: Skull Morphology and Feeding Behavior of Centipede-Eating Snakes
Authors: Gripshover Noah D , Hennessey Patrick , McBrayer Lance D , Meik Jesse M , Watson Charles M , Cox Christian L 
Published: May 2023

SynopsisFeeding is a complex process that involves an integrated response of multiple functional systems. Animals evolve phenotypic integration of complex morphological traits to covary and maximize performance of feeding behaviors. Specialization, such as feeding on dangerous prey, can further shape the integration of behavior and morphology as traits are expected to evolve and maintain function in parallel. Feeding on centipedes, with their powerful forcipules that pinch and inject venom, has evolved multiple times within snakes, including the genus Tantilla. However, the behavioral and morphological adaptations used to consume this dangerous prey are poorly understood. By studying snakes with varying degrees of dietary specialization, we can test the integration of diet, morphology, and behavior to better understand the evolution of consuming difficult prey. We studied the prey preference and feeding behavior of Tantilla using the flat-headed snake (T. gracilis) and the crowned snake (T. coronata), which differ in the percentage of centipedes in their diet. We then quantified cranial anatomy using geometric morphometric data from CT scans. To test prey preference, we offered multiple types of prey and recorded snake behavior. Both species of snakes showed interest in multiple prey types, but only struck or consumed centipedes. To subdue centipedes, crowned snakes used coiling and holding (envenomation) immediately after striking, while flat-headed snakes used the novel behavior of pausing and holding onto centipedes for a prolonged time prior to the completion of swallowing. Each skull element differed in shape after removing the effects of size, position, and orientation. The rear fang was larger in crowned snakes, but the mechanical advantage of the lower jaw was greater in flat-headed snakes. Our results suggest that the integration of behavioral and morphological adaptations is important for the success of subduing and consuming dangerous prey.
Robust error feedback output regulation of a 2 × 2 hyperbolic system
Authors: Liu Wei-Wei , Wang Jun-Min , Liu Xiang-Dong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the robust error feedback output regulation problem for a linear $ 2 \times 2 $ hyperbolic system with system uncertainties and disturbance signals. Using the backstepping method, the state feedback controller for the system without the system uncertainties and the external disturbance signals (nominal system) is designed. In terms of the measurable regulation error, an observer system is designed to recover the state of the nominal system, and an observer-based error feedback controller is obtained to solve the robust output regulation problem. Moreover, we prove that the controller is robust to the system uncertainties and the disturbance signals, and show that the state of the closed-loop system is bounded. The numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Microbiota Predict Infections and Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Margolis Elisa B , Maron Gabriela , Sun Yilun , Dallas Ronald H , Allison Kim J , Ferrolino Jose , Ross Hailey S , Davis Amy E , Jia Qidong , Turner Paige , Mackay Victoria , Morin Cara E , Triplett Brandon M , Klein Eileen J , Englund Janet A , Tang Li , Hayden Randall T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite preventive measures, infections continue to pose significant risks to pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) recipients. The gut microbiota has been linked to clinical outcomes following adult allo-HCT. This study evaluated whether similar disruptions or differing microbiota patterns were associated with infection risk in pediatric allo-HCT.

Methods
In a prospective observational study, fecal samples were obtained from 74 children before conditioning and upon neutrophil recovery. Microbiome signatures identified through sequencing were examined for their associations with infections or acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in the first-year post-HCT using Cox proportional hazards analysis.

Results
Microbiome disruption in adults, did not predict infection risk in pediatric allo-HCT. Unique microbiota signatures were associated with different infections or aGVHD. A ratio of strict and facultative anaerobes (eg, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides) prior to conditioning predicted bacteremia risk (Cox hazard ratio [HR], 3.89). A distinct ratio of oral (eg, Rothia, Veillonella) to intestinal anaerobes (eg, Anaerobutyricum, Romboutsia) at neutrophil recovery predicted likelihood of bacterial infections (Cox HR, 1.81) and viral enterocolitis (Cox HR, 1.96).

Conclusions
Interactions between medical interventions, pediatric hosts, and microbial communities contribute to microbiota signatures that predict infections. Further multicenter study is necessary to validate the generalizability of these ratios as biomarkers.
Impact of Subgroup Distribution on Seasonality of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Global Systematic Analysis
Authors: Deng Shuyu , Guo Ling , Cohen Cheryl , Meijer Adam , Moyes Jocelyn , Pasittungkul Siripat , Poovorawan Yong , Teirlinck Anne , van Boven Michiel , Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Wolter Nicole , Paget John , Nair Harish , Li You ,   Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network and the PROMISE Investigators, Deng Shuyu , Guo Ling , Li You , Cohen Cheryl , Moyes Jocelyn , Wolter Nicole , von Gottberg Anne , Meijer Adam , Teirlinck Anne , van Boven Michiel , Pasittungkul Siripat , Poovorawan Yong , Wanlapakorn Nasamon , Paget John , Nair Harish , Aerssens Jeroen , Ispas Gabriela , Ahani Bahar , Atwell Jessica , Begier Elizabeth , Htar Tin Tin , Bangert Mathieu , Kramer Rolf , Vernhes Charlotte , Beutels Philippe , Bont Louis , Campbell Harry , Nair Harish , Li You , Osei-Yeboah Richard , Wang Xin , Cohen Rachel , Dos Santos Gael , Last Theo , Kumar Veena , Machin Nuria , Nohynek Hanna , Openshaw Peter , Paget John , Pollard Andrew , Teirlinck Anne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Previous studies reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup distribution and timing of RSV season. We aimed to further understand the association by conducting a global-level systematic analysis.

Methods
We compiled published data on RSV seasonality through a systematic literature review, and unpublished data shared by international collaborators. Using annual cumulative proportion (ACP) of RSV-positive cases, we defined RSV season onset and offset as ACP reaching 10% and 90%, respectively. Linear regression models accounting for meteorological factors were constructed to analyze the association of proportion of RSV-A with the corresponding RSV season onset and offset.

Results
We included 36 study sites from 20 countries, providing data for 179 study-years in 1995–2019. Globally, RSV subgroup distribution was not significantly associated with RSV season onset or offset globally, except for RSV season offset in the tropics in 1 model, possibly by chance. Models that included RSV subgroup distribution and meteorological factors explained only 2%–4% of the variations in timing of RSV season.

Conclusions
Year-on-year variations in RSV season onset and offset are not well explained by RSV subgroup distribution or meteorological factors. Factors including population susceptibility, mobility, and viral interference should be examined in future studies.