bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flagellum‐Inspired Soft Rotary Motor
Authors: Jiao Zhongdong , Zhu Pingan , Hu Zhenhan , Shi Yuhao , Tang Wei , Yang Huayong , Zou Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoft robots have gained significant attention in recent years owing to their high safety in human–machine interactions and exceptional adaptability to unpredictable environments. Despite great advances, achieving continuous rotation with tunable stepping angle in soft robots remains a challenge. Herein, inspired by the stepping rotation strategy of the flagellum, an artificial soft rotary motor capable of bidirectional continuous rotation and tunable stepping angles is presented. The motor features a wide range of stepping angles (−72.5° to 73.4°), enabling it to rotate to any angle position with high resolution. The soft motor also exhibits high rotation speed (18.23 r min−1), zero‐energy position‐holding, and excellent durability. Furthermore, the potential applications of the soft rotary motors, including tuning the grasping direction of a soft gripper and adjusting the winding direction of a soft tentacle is demonstrated. This work offers a universal soft fluidic component for soft robots, endowing them with enhanced agility and movement capabilities.
Highly Efficient Photoninitiators Based on 4H‐Pyranylidene Derivatives for Two‐Photon Laser Printing
Authors: Royo Raquel , Mainik Philipp , Benitez‐Martin Carlos , Andreu Raquel , Blasco Eva , Najera Francisco , Villacampa Belén 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA series of four donor–acceptor–donor derivatives bearing 4H‐pyranylidene and 4‐methylcyclohexan‐1‐one units as donor and acceptor groups respectively is designed, synthesized, and photophysically characterized. Both experimental and theoretical studies reveal good two‐photon absorption (2PA) properties for these systems. Decoration of the exocyclic position of the 4H‐pyranylidene moiety with a thiophene ring results in high 2PA cross‐section values (σ2PA) ≈700 nm, and remarkably, in the region between 900 and 1000 nm. Furthermore, all chromophores are evaluated as photoinitiators (PIs) for two‐photon‐laser printing at 780 nm, showing superior performance compared to the commonly used commercially available PI, phenylbis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide. Among the studied PIs, the ones equipped with a thiophene unit at the exocyclic position of the 4H‐pyranylidene moiety exhibit the highest efficiency, enabling fast printing using low laser powers with even lower concentrations of PI. Overall, this study shows the great potential of this new class of PIs for application in the field of 3D nanoprinting.
Aerogel‐Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications: From Fabrication Methods to Disease‐Targeting Applications
Authors: Karamikamkar Solmaz , Yalcintas Ezgi Pinar , Haghniaz Reihaneh , de Barros Natan Roberto , Mecwan Marvin , Nasiri Rohollah , Davoodi Elham , Nasrollahi Fatemeh , Erdem Ahmet , Kang Heemin , Lee Junmin , Zhu Yangzhi , Ahadian Samad , Jucaud Vadim , Maleki Hajar , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Kim Han‐Jun , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAerogel‐based biomaterials are increasingly being considered for biomedical applications due to their unique properties such as high porosity, hierarchical porous network, and large specific pore surface area. Depending on the pore size of the aerogel, biological effects such as cell adhesion, fluid absorption, oxygen permeability, and metabolite exchange can be altered. Based on the diverse potential of aerogels in biomedical applications, this paper provides a comprehensive review of fabrication processes including sol‐gel, aging, drying, and self‐assembly along with the materials that can be used to form aerogels. In addition to the technology utilizing aerogel itself, it also provides insight into the applicability of aerogel based on additive manufacturing technology. To this end, how microfluidic‐based technologies and 3D printing can be combined with aerogel‐based materials for biomedical applications is discussed. Furthermore, previously reported examples of aerogels for regenerative medicine and biomedical applications are thoroughly reviewed. A wide range of applications with aerogels including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostics are demonstrated. Finally, the prospects for aerogel‐based biomedical applications are presented. The understanding of the fabrication, modification, and applicability of aerogels through this study is expected to shed light on the biomedical utilization of aerogels.
Enhanced Anti‐Wetting Methods of Hydrophobic Membrane for Membrane Distillation
Authors: Zhang Honglong , Zhao Xuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIncreasing issues of hydrophobic membrane wetting occur in the membrane distillation (MD) process, stimulating the research on enhanced anti‐wetting methods for membrane materials. In recent years, surface structural construction (i.e., constructing reentrant‐like structures), surface chemical modification (i.e., coating organofluorides), and their combination have significantly improved the anti‐wetting properties of the hydrophobic membranes. Besides, these methods change the MD performance (i.e., increased/decreased vapor flux and increased salt rejection). This review first introduces the characterization parameters of wettability and the fundamental principles of membrane surface wetting. Then it summarizes the enhanced anti‐wetting methods, the related principles, and most importantly, the anti‐wetting properties of the resultant membranes. Next, the MD performance of hydrophobic membranes prepared by different enhanced anti‐wetting methods is discussed in desalinating different feeds. Finally, facile and reproducible strategies are aspired for the robust MD membrane in the future.
Contract farming led by a seed enterprise and incentives to produce high quality: Which contract design performs best?
Authors: Xie Zuomiao , Yuan Shiqi , Zhu Jinjing , Li Weiming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMotivated by real‐world practices in China, we consider a three‐level agri‐food supply chain consisting of a seed enterprise, a grower, and a buyer–processor, where the seed enterprise is fully vertically integrated in the seed industry and acts as the leader to coordinate the grower and buyer–processor of the agri‐food supply chain. We call this seed company‐led agri‐food contract farming. First, we develop analytical models to derive optimal solutions under penalty contracts, revenue‐sharing contracts and cost‐sharing contracts. Then, we analytically compare the optimal strategies of the three contracts using data from China's fresh maize industry as the numerical example. Finally, we do the sensitivity analysis of contract parameters. Results demonstrate that: (1) The seed company‐led agri‐food contract farming obtains quality advantages and improves profits by responding quickly to external demand changes and effectively coordinating internal technical capabilities. (2) The penalty contract performs poorly in both quality and profit. (3) The profit of the whole supply chain increases with the increase of the revenue‐sharing proportion from downstream supply chain participants to upstream participants; but the relationship between the proportion of cost‐sharing and the profit of the whole supply chain is nonmonotonic. [EconLit Citations: C79, O13, Q13].
Translating blood biomarkers into clinical practice for Alzheimer's disease: Challenges and perspectives
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Ming , Masters Colin L. , Wang Yan‐Jiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEarly and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in clinical practice is urgent with advances in AD treatment. Blood biomarker assays are preferential diagnostic tools for widespread clinical use with the advantages of being less invasive, cost effective, and easily accessible, and they have shown good performance in research cohorts. However, in community‐based populations with maximum heterogeneity, great challenges are still faced in diagnosing AD based on blood biomarkers in terms of accuracy and robustness. Here, we analyze these challenges, including the confounding impact of systemic and biological factors, small changes in blood biomarkers, and difficulty in detecting early changes. Furthermore, we provide perspectives on several potential strategies to overcome these challenges for blood biomarkers to bridge the gap from research to clinical practice.
Dimerisierung eines reaktiven Azaacen Diradikals: Synthese eines kovalenten Azaacen‐Käfigs
Authors: Fuchs Kathleen , Medina Rivero Samara , Weidlich Anna , Rominger Frank , Israel Noel , Popov Alexey A. , Dreuw Andreas , Freudenberg Jan , Casado Juan , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractZwei Serien regioisomerer dicyanomethylen‐substituierter Dithienodiazatetracenen mit formalen para‐ oder ortho‐Chinodimethan‐Untereinheiten wurden synthetisiert und charakterisiert. Während die para‐Isomere (p‐n, Diradikalindex y0=0.01) stabil und isolierbar waren, dimerisierte das ortho‐Isomer (y0=0.98) zu einem kovalenten Azaacen‐Käfig. Es wurden vier lange σ‐CC‐Bindungen gebildet und dabei die ehemaligen Triisopropyl‐silyl(TIPS)‐Ethinyl‐Gruppen in Kumulen‐Einheiten umgewandelt. Der Azaacen‐Käfig (o‐1)2 wurde durch Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse charakterisiert. Weitere temperaturabhängige Experimente wie Infrarot‐ (IR), Elektronenspinresonanz‐ (ESR, Festkörper), Kernspinresonanz‐ (engl. nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR) und Absorptions‐ (engl. ultraviolet‐visible, UV/Vis) Spektroskopie (Lösung) wurden durchgeführt, welche auf die Rückbildung des intermediären Diradikals o‐1 hinweisen.
Understanding the Energy Potential of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Definition and Estimation of the State of Energy
Authors: Quade Katharina Lilith , Jöst Dominik , Sauer Dirk Uwe , Li Weihan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn accurate estimation of the residual energy, i. e., State of Energy (SoE), for lithium‐ion batteries is crucial for battery diagnostics since it relates to the remaining driving range of battery electric vehicles. Unlike the State of Charge, which solely reflects the charge, the SoE can feasibly estimate residual energy. The existing literature predominantly focuses on showcasing diverse methods with a gap in conducting in‐depth analysis and comparison of the SoE. The scope of this work is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the SoE by discussing the feasibility and applicability of various definitions and estimation approaches from the literature. For the first time, we classify existing SoE definitions, considering the differences between the inherent stored and usable energy. In the absence of a unified definition in the literature, we propose two physically feasible definitions. Based on the proposed definitions, we critically analyze the practical challenges of SoE estimation. Additionally, to examine the accuracy of the most suitable SoE definition, we conduct an experimental evaluation using a commercial NCA/C+Si cell. Compared to the State of stored Energy, we demonstrate that the State of Charge underestimates the residual energy by more than 3 %, highlighting the importance of adequate SoE estimation.
Unsaturated free fatty acid emulsion infusion into carotid artery enhances drug delivery to the rat brain
Authors: Kim Yong‐Woo , Choi Seon Hee , Choi Ki Joo , Kim Hak Jin , Kang Jin Sook , Hong Dong Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAims: To determine whether the blood–brain barrier (BBB) opens to enhance drug delivery during the acute stage of unsaturated fat embolism.Methods: We infused oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid emulsions through the right common carotid artery of rats, followed by trypan blue for gross and lanthanum for electron microscopic (EM) examination. Doxorubicin and temozolomide were also administered, and then the rats were euthanized at 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h. Trypan blue hue was analyzed to semiquantitatively measure BBB opening. Desorption electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (DESI–MS) imaging was used to evaluate drug delivery.ResultsTrypan blue staining observed in each group 30 min after emulsion infusion increased at 1 h and decreased after 2 h in the oleic acid group. The linoleic and linolenic acid groups showed weak staining over time. The hue and trypan blue analysis results were corroborative. EM showed tight junction opening, whereas DESI–MS imaging showed increased doxorubicin and temozolomide signal intensities in ipsilateral hemispheres of all three groups.ConclusionWe demonstrated that oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid emulsions opened the BBB, promoting drug delivery to the brain. Hue analysis and DESI–MS imaging are appropriate for analysis of doxorubicin and temozolomide concentrations in brain tissue.
Overexpression of cannabinoid receptor 2 is associated with human breast cancer proliferation, apoptosis, chemosensitivity and prognosis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Song Qiang , Zhang Wenjin , Shi Dan , Zhang Zhiliang , Zhao Qiurong , Wang Mengyuan , Huang Man , Meng Juanjuan , Cui Wei , Luo Xiaohe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is mainly involved in the immune system. However, although CB2 has been reported to play an anti‐tumor function in breast cancer (BC), its specific mechanism in BC remains unclear.MethodsWe examined the expression and prognostic significance of CB2 in BC tissues by qPCR, second‐generation sequencing, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We assessed the impacts of overexpression and a specific agonist of CB2 on the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance of BC cells in vitro and in vivo using CCK‐8, flow cytometry, TUNEL staining, immunofluorescence, tumor xenografts, western blot, and colony formation assays.ResultsCB2 expression was significantly lower in BC compared with paracancerous tissues. It was also highly expressed in benign tumors and ductal carcinoma in situ, and its expression was correlated with prognosis in BC patients. CB2 overexpression and treatment of BC cells with a CB2 agonist inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis, and these actions were achieved by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, CB2 expression was increased in MDA‐MB‐231 cell treated with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and docetaxel, and sensitivity to these anti‐tumor drugs was increased in BC cells overexpressing CB2.ConclusionsThese findings reveal that CB2 mediates BC via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. CB2 could be a novel target for the diagnosis and treatment of BC.
“It's just not easy to understand”: A mixed methods study of health insurance literacy and insurance plan decision‐making in cancer survivors
Authors: Williams Courtney P. , Platter Heather N. , Davidoff Amy J. , Vanderpool Robin C. , Pisu Maria , de Moor Janet S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding cancer survivors' health insurance decision‐making is needed to improve insurance choice, potentially resulting in reduced financial hardship.MethodsThis explanatory mixed methods study assessed health insurance decision‐making in cancer survivors. Health Insurance Literacy Measure (HILM) captured HIL. Quantitative eye‐tracking data collected from two simulated health insurance plan choice sets gauged dwell time (seconds), or interest, in benefits. Dwell time differences by HIL were estimated using adjusted linear models. Qualitative interviews explored survivors' insurance decision‐making choices.ResultsCancer survivors (N = 80; 38% breast cancer) had a median age of 43 at diagnosis (IQR 34–52). When comparing traditional and high‐deductible health plans, survivors were most interested in drug costs (median dwell time 58 s, IQR 34–109). When comparing health maintenance organization and preferred provider organization plans, survivors were most interested in test/imaging costs (40s, IQR 14–67). Survivors with low versus high HIL had more interest in deductible (β = 19 s, 95% CI 2–38) and hospitalization costs (β = 14 s, 95% CI 1–27) in adjusted models. Survivors with low versus high HIL more often ranked out‐of‐pocket (OOP) maximums and coinsurance as the most important and confusing benefits, respectively. Interviews (n = 20) revealed survivors felt alone “to do their own research” about insurance choices. OOP maximums were cited as the deciding factor since it is “how much money is going to be taken out of my pocket.” Coinsurance was considered “rather than a benefit, it's a hindrance.”ConclusionInterventions to aid in health insurance understanding and choice are needed to optimize plan choice and potentially reduce cancer‐related financial hardship.
Intracellular amastigotes in fine‐needle aspiration cytology of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Pudasaini Prajwal , GC Sagar , Paudel Sushil 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageWe report a case of 45‐year‐old farmer who presented with solitary crateriform non healing ulcer with crust over left dorsal hand. FNAC of lesion showed intracellular round to oval amastigotes within macrophage on giemsa stain. This simple diagnostic method could be utilized as a diagnostic tool in resource poor setting.
Polycrystalline Metal–Organic Framework Membranes for Separation of Light Hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhao Jiaxin , Pan Ting , Jiang Fanfan , Duan Jingui , Jin Wanqin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to facile designability and versatile nanospace, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered as promising membrane materials. Compared to the mixed matrix membranes that incorporated with MOF particles, the polycrystalline MOF membranes demonstrates significant advantages in maximum utilizing the crystalline nanospace, and thus yielding a fruitful of achievements in the last twenty years. Although some reviews have summarized the development of MOF‐based membranes, the theoretical framework for oriented design and preparation of polycrystalline MOF membranes for highly efficient separation of light hydrocarbons remains in infancy. Herein, in this review, the fabrication strategies of polycrystalline MOF membranes and the corresponding performance in the separation of light hydrocarbons were classified and summarized. Particularly, the MOF membranes with global and local dynamics have been proposed as an interesting topic promoted performance.
Impact of shading on evapotranspiration and water stress of urban trees
Authors: Tams Laura , Paton Eva Nora , Kluge Björn 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEvapotranspiration of urban street trees is essential in mitigating urban heat islands due to its cooling effect. However, current shifts in rainfall and temperature regimes towards drier and hotter periods in Central Europe have caused substantial water stress for street trees. Quantifying and subsequently managing these changing dynamics as well as estimating evapotranspiration and water availability is necessary but at the same time extremely challenging in urban environments. Both dynamics are influenced by soil sealing and complex shading patterns of the surrounding street canyon, which vary on a small spatial scale as a function of the canyon layout and orientation. In the present study, the diurnal patterns of six typical urban shading types for street trees were derived by considering a large set of street orientations, widths and tree positions within the street canyon. A shading model was integrated into a hydrological urban tree model to assess the impact of those shading types on diurnal patterns of radiation and evapotranspiration rates calculated using the Penman–Monteith approach and the resulting soil moisture conditions for several vegetation seasons and water‐supply scenarios. The modelling results showed that the six shading patterns significantly influenced the simulated hourly, daily and seasonal potential and actual evapotranspiration rates and water availability. Shaded trees have a substantially reduced, simulated water stress period, regardless of initial water supply, and are able to provide a longer‐lasting cooling function during dry periods due to higher evapotranspiration rates later in the summer season.
Myristicin: From its biological effects in traditional medicine in plants to preclinical studies and use as ecological remedy in plant protection
Authors: Ramírez‐Alarcón Karina , Martorell Miquel , Gürer Eda Sönmez , Laher Ismail , Lam Hei‐Long , Mohieldin Ebtihal Abdalla M. , Muddathir Ali Mahoumd , Akram Muhammad , Iqbal Mehwish , Shafique Hamda , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo , Shaheen Shabnum , Kumar Manoj , Sharifi‐Rad Javad , Amarowicz Ryszard , Butnariu Monica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMyristicin is an allylbenzene and a major key constituent of many plant species, such as Myristica fragrans Houtt. (nutmeg), Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel), and Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (parsley). Their plant parts have been used in traditional medicine and as a flavoring seasoning for cooking but, and as biopesticides with natural compounds. Myristicin has been related with several biological effects, such as anticarcinogenic, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, analgesic, and hepatoprotective. The traditional uses include the treatment of complications related to gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and gynecological disorders. However, several studies have been reported contraindications associated to high dose consumption of myristicin. This review summarizes the biological activities of myristicin and myristicin‐rich plants, toxicological effects along with its bioavailability, and metabolism. In addition, their traditional uses and their role as ecological remedy in plants protection has been reviewed. Nutmeg is the myristicin‐rich plant with more pharmacological effects reported but also with most contraindication and toxically reports.
Comparison of pulmonary congestion severity using artificial intelligence‐assisted scoring versus clinical experts: A secondary analysis of BLUSHED‐AHF
Authors: Goldsmith Andrew J. , Jin Mike , Lucassen Ruben , Duggan Nicole M. , Harrison Nicholas E. , Wells William , Ehrman Robert R. , Ferre Robinson , Gargani Luna , Noble Vicki , Levy Phil , Lane Katie , Li Xiaochun , Collins Sean , Pang Peter , Kapur Tina , Russell Frances M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimAcute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is the leading cause of cardiovascular hospitalizations in the United States. Detecting B‐lines through lung ultrasound (LUS) can enhance clinicians' prognostic and diagnostic capabilities. Artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML)‐based automated guidance systems may allow novice users to apply LUS to clinical care. We investigated whether an AI/ML automated LUS congestion score correlates with expert's interpretations of B‐line quantification from an external patient dataset.Methods and resultsThis was a secondary analysis from the BLUSHED‐AHF study which investigated the effect of LUS‐guided therapy on patients with ADHF. In BLUSHED‐AHF, LUS was performed and B‐lines were quantified by ultrasound operators. Two experts then separately quantified the number of B‐lines per ultrasound video clip recorded. Here, an AI/ML‐based lung congestion score (LCS) was calculated for all LUS clips from BLUSHED‐AHF. Spearman correlation was computed between LCS and counts from each of the original three raters. A total of 3858 LUS clips were analysed on 130 patients. The LCS demonstrated good agreement with the two experts' B‐line quantification score (r = 0.894, 0.882). Both experts' B‐line quantification scores had significantly better agreement with the LCS than they did with the ultrasound operator's score (p < 0.005, p < 0.001).ConclusionArtificial intelligence/machine learning‐based LCS correlated with expert‐level B‐line quantification. Future studies are needed to determine whether automated tools may assist novice users in LUS interpretation.