bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of health literacy with anxiety about COVID-19 under an infectious disease pandemic in Japan
Authors: Kuroda Yujiro , Goto Aya , Koriyama Chihaya , Suzuki Kohta 
Published: March 2023

SummaryWe quantitatively analysed the relationship of health literacy with both anxiety about the COVID-19 outbreak and free-text qualitative data. A questionnaire was mailed to 5450 citizens aged 16–89 years in four prefectures between late April and May 2020. It gauged the level of anxiety about COVID-19, assessed health literacy (HL) on both critical and communicative HL subscales, and invited free-text responses. We compared anxiety levels in three groups of both HL subscales. Text-mining analyses were also conducted among the three HL groups. Two-thirds of respondents reported anxiety about COVID-19, and 42% of them also reported fear. The level of communicative HL was negatively associated with no or low anxiety (p &lt; 0.01), and the same association was observed for critical HL (p &lt; 0.01). Free-text analysis identified 11 categories related to concerns about COVID-19: response of the national government, appreciation of health care practitioners, early convergence, vaccine development, fear of infection, invisible, a school for children, everyday life, information-related issue, novel coronavirus and self-quarantine. Words that were characteristic of the high-HL group were ‘information’, ‘going out’, ‘vaccines’ and ‘government’. This survey reveals high public anxiety under COVID-19, and while anxiety is associated with HL levels, people with higher HL may make more prudent and healthier decisions. In situations of uncertainty, different approaches to alleviate anxiety depending on HL are warranted, providing new insights and contributing to public health measures during the outbreaks.
Machine Learning Approaches to Understand Cognitive Phenotypes in People With HIV
Authors: Mukerji Shibani S , Petersen Kalen J , Pohl Kilian M , Dastgheyb Raha M , Fox Howard S , Bilder Robert M , Brouillette Marie-Josée , Gross Alden L , Scott-Sheldon Lori A J , Paul Robert H , Gabuzda Dana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCognitive disorders are prevalent in people with HIV (PWH) despite antiretroviral therapy. Given the heterogeneity of cognitive disorders in PWH in the current era and evidence that these disorders have different etiologies and risk factors, scientific rationale is growing for using data-driven models to identify biologically defined subtypes (biotypes) of these disorders. Here, we discuss the state of science using machine learning to understand cognitive phenotypes in PWH and their associated comorbidities, biological mechanisms, and risk factors. We also discuss methods, example applications, challenges, and what will be required from the field to successfully incorporate machine learning in research on cognitive disorders in PWH. These topics were discussed at the National Institute of Mental Health meeting on “Biotypes of CNS Complications in People Living with HIV” held in October 2021. These ongoing research initiatives seek to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive phenotypes in PWH and their associated biological mechanisms to facilitate clinical management and tailored interventions.
Imaging of Brain Structural and Functional Effects in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: O’Connor Erin E , Sullivan Edith V , Chang Linda , Hammoud Dima A , Wilson Tony W , Ragin Ann B , Meade Christina S , Coughlin Jennifer , Ances Beau M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBefore the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was often accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) opportunistic infections and HIV encephalopathy marked by profound structural and functional alterations detectable with neuroimaging. Treatment with antiretroviral therapy nearly eliminated CNS opportunistic infections, while neuropsychiatric impairment and peripheral nerve and organ damage have persisted among virally suppressed people with HIV (PWH), suggesting ongoing brain injury. Neuroimaging research must use methods sensitive for detecting subtle HIV-associated brain structural and functional abnormalities, while allowing for adjustments for potential confounders, such as age, sex, substance use, hepatitis C coinfection, cardiovascular risk, and others. Here, we review existing and emerging neuroimaging tools that demonstrated promise in detecting markers of HIV-associated brain pathology and explore strategies to study the impact of potential confounding factors on these brain measures. We emphasize neuroimaging approaches that may be used in parallel to gather complementary information, allowing efficient detection and interpretation of altered brain structure and function associated with suboptimal clinical outcomes among virally suppressed PWH. We examine the advantages of each imaging modality and systematic approaches in study design and analysis. We also consider advantages of combining experimental and statistical control techniques to improve sensitivity and specificity of biotype identification and explore the costs and benefits of aggregating data from multiple studies to achieve larger sample sizes, enabling use of emerging methods for combining and analyzing large, multifaceted data sets. Many of the topics addressed in this article were discussed at the National Institute of Mental Health meeting “Biotypes of CNS Complications in People Living with HIV,” held in October 2021, and are part of ongoing research initiatives to define the role of neuroimaging in emerging alternative approaches to identifying biotypes of CNS complications in PWH. An outcome of these considerations may be the development of a common neuroimaging protocol available for researchers to use in future studies examining neurological changes in the brains of PWH.
Biotypes of Central Nervous System Complications in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): National Institute of Mental Health Perspectives on Advancing the Future of HIV Healthcare
Authors: Rao Vasudev R , Brouwers Pim , Joseph Jeymohan , Lawhorn Collene , Scott Sheldon Lori A J , Rausch Dianne M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Despite effective suppressive antiretroviral therapy, central nervous system (CNS) complications related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remain a significant problem for people with HIV (PWH). Numerous studies have contributed data to define the mechanisms underlying HIV-associated CNS pathophysiology, but causality remains elusive, with no effective therapies to prevent, reduce, or reverse HIV-associated CNS complications. Multiple physiological, clinical, cognitive, behavioral, social, and environmental factors contribute to the observed heterogeneity of adverse CNS outcomes among PWH. The National Institute of Mental Health in collaboration with investigators engaged in research related to HIV associated CNS complications organized a series of meetings to review the state of the science and facilitate the development of biologically based measures to identify the phenotypic heterogeneity of CNS outcomes linked to pathophysiology (biotypes). In this article, we summarize the proceedings of these meetings and explore the precision medicine framework to identify critical factors linked to the etiopathogenesis of CNS outcomes in PWH.
Re-evaluation of cefepime or piperacillin/tazobactam to decrease use of carbapenems in ESBL-producing Enterobacterales urinary tract infections (REDUCE-UTI)
Authors: Branton Alexander C , Vu Catherine H , Venugopalan Veena , Santevecchi Barbara A , Cherabuddi Kartikeya , Ramphal Reuben , Manohar Tanvi , Desear Kathryn E 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo re-examine the use of non-carbapenems (NCBPs), specifically piperacillin/tazobactam and cefepime, for ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) urinary tract infections (UTIs).PatientsRetrospective cohort study of adults hospitalized between January 2016 and June 2020 with pyuria on urinalysis, a urine culture positive for ESBL-E treated with a study antibiotic (meropenem, ertapenem, cefepime or piperacillin/tazobactam) and did not meet criteria for study exclusion.MethodsTo compare carbapenems (CBPs) with cefepime or piperacillin/tazobactam for the treatment of ESBL-E UTI. The primary outcome was clinical cure, defined as complete resolution of signs and symptoms of infection. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, recurrence within 30 days and resistance emergence within 30 days.ResultsOne-hundred and thirty-three patients were included, based on definitive therapy received; 69 (51.9%) received CBP and 64 (48.1%) received NCBP therapy. Of the total patient population, 17 (12.8%) were admitted to the ICU, 84 (63.1%) had a complicated UTI and 64 (48.1%) had pyelonephritis. There was no difference in clinical cure between the CBP and NCBP groups (95.7% versus 96.9%, P = 0.999). Additionally, no differences in secondary outcomes were observed.ConclusionsWhen compared with CBPs, cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam resulted in similar clinical cure, in-hospital mortality, recurrence and resistance emergence in the treatment of ESBL-E UTI.
Rapid molecular detection of CMY-2, and CTX-M group 1 and 9 variants via recombinase polymerase amplification
Authors: Ertl Nicole G , Irwin Adam D , Macdonald Joanne , Bauer Michelle J , Wang Claire Y T , Harris Patrick N A , Heney Claire , Zowawi Hosam M , Whiley David M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to their prevalence worldwide, the β-lactamases CTX-M and plasmid-mediated CMY-2 are important antimicrobial resistance enzymes in a clinical setting. While culture- and PCR-based detection methods exist for these targets, they are time consuming and require specialist equipment and trained personnel to carry out.MethodsIn this study, three rapid diagnostic single-plex and a prototype triplex assay were developed, using recombinase polymerase amplification with lateral flow detection (RPA-LF), and tested for their sensitivity and specificity using two isolate DNA panels (n = 90 and n = 120 isolates). In addition, the RPA-LF assays were also tested with a small number of faecal extract samples (n = 18).ResultsThe RPA-LF assays were able to detect blaCXT-M-group-1, blaCTX-M-group-9 and blaCMY-2-type variants with high sensitivity (82.1%–100%) and specificity (100%) within a short turnaround time (15–20 min for amplification and detection).ConclusionsRPA-LF assays developed in this study have the potential to be used at or close to the point of care, as well as in low-resource settings, producing rapid results to support healthcare professionals in their treatment decisions.
Revealing the microbial diversity and physicochemical characteristics of Brazilian untreated green table olives
Authors: Simões Luara Aparecida , Fernandes Natalia de Andrade Teixeira , de Souza Angélica Cristina , Torres Luciana Marques , da Silva Luiz Fernando de Oliveira , Schwan Rosane Freitas , Dias Disney Ribeiro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThis work evaluated the microbial diversity and physicochemical characteristics of fresh and fermented fruits from Brazilian untreated green table olives of the Ascolano and Grappolo cultivars.Methods and resultsTwenty species of mesophilic bacteria, seven lactic acid bacteria, and fourteen yeast were identified. Some species prevailed over others, such as the bacteria Levilactobacillus brevis, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, Pantoea agglomerans, Staphylococcus warneri, Bacillus simplex, B. thuringiensis, and the yeasts Candida parapsilosis, Ca. orthopsilosis, and Cryptococcus flavescen. In the olive fruit and olive brine, the sugars: sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and fructose, and the acids: acetic, citric, lactic, malic, and succinic were identified. Thirty-seven volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes of acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, hydrocarbons, phenols, ketones, and ether were identified in the fruits and brine olives.ConclusionThe polyphasic methodology using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight and 16S rRNA sequencing was efficiently performed to identify microorganisms; chemical analysis helped to understand the fermentation process of olives.
Two species-specific TaqMan-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection in soil ofPaenibacillus polymyxainocula
Authors: Manfredini A , Malusà E , Trzcinski P , Ptaszek M , Sas-Paszt L , Mocali S , Pinzari F , Canfora L 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThe increasingly widespread use of beneficial microbial inocula in agriculture gives rise to two primary needs: i) the assessment of the environmental risk, i.e. their impact on local soil microbiome and soil properties; ii) being able to track them and monitor their persistence and fate to both optimize their formulation and application method. In previous years, PCR-based methods have detected bacterial or fungal bioinoculant at the species or strain level. However, the selective detection, quantification, and monitoring of target microbial species in a complex ecosystem such as soil require that the tests possess high specificity and sensitivity.Methods and resultsThe work proposes a quantitative real-time PCR detection method using TaqMan chemistry, showing high specificity and sensitivity for the Paenibacillus polymyxa K16 strain. The primer and probe sets were designed using the polymyxin gene cluster targeting pmxC and pmxE sequences. Validation tests showed that these assays allowed a discriminant and specific detection of P. polymyxa K16 in soil.ConclusionThe TaqMan-assay developed could thus ensure the necessary level of discrimination required by commercial and regulatory purposes to detect and monitor the bioinoculant in soil.
Application and comparison of lyophilisation protocols to enhance stable long-term storage of filovirus pseudotypes for use in antibody neutralisation tests
Authors: Neto Martin Mayora , Wright Edward , Temperton Nigel , Soema Peter , ten Have Rimko , Ploemen Ivo , Scott Simon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsFiloviruses encompass highly pathogenic viruses placing significant public health burden on countries affected. Efforts for improved diagnostics and surveillance are needed. The requirement for high-containment can be circumvented by using pseudotype viruses (PV), which can be handled safely, in tropism, drug screening, vaccine evaluation, and serosurveillance studies. We assessed the stability and functionality after long-term storage of lyophilised filovirus pseudotypes for use in neutralisation assays.Methods and resultsWe generated a panel of filovirus lentiviral pseudotypes followed by lyophilisation and storage in different conditions. Next, we reconstituted and tested PVs in infection experiments and pseudotype neutralisation assays where possible. Lyophilised Ebola and Marburg PVs retained production titres for at least two years when stored at +4˚C or less. Lyophilised Ebola PVs performed similarly to non-lyophilised PVs in neutralisation assays after reconstitution. When stored at high temperatures (+37˚C), lyophilised PVs did not retain titres after 1-month storage, however, when lyophilised using pilot-scale facilities EBOV PVs retained titres and performed as standard in neutralisation assays after on 1-month storage at 37˚C.ConclusionsFilovirus PVs are amenable to lyophilisation and can be stored for at least 2 years in a household fridge to be used in antibody assays. Lyophilisation performed in the right conditions would allow transportation at room temperature, even in warmer climates.
Dietary potential probiotics and enzymes complex modulates the performance and rumen microbiota in weaned goats
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Chen Zili , Chen Peiyong , Li Zihao , Wan Yongjie , Song Yanlei , Wang Feng , Zhang Yanli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThis trial was performed to investigate the effects of combined feeding of Candida utilis CICC 31170, Bacillus coagulans R11, and Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and a multi-enzyme complex on the growth performance, immune parameters, feed digestibility, and rumen microbiota of weaned goats.Methods and ResultsThirty weaned goats were randomly divided into CON, PRB, and COB groups and fed different diets. End weight and ADG increased significantly in the PRB and COB groups (P &lt; 0.05), and ADFI increased significantly in COB (P &lt; 0.05). On day 80, there was a significant increase in IL-10 content in PRB and COB compared to the CON (P &lt; 0.05). Highly significant increases in rumen papilla width, epithelial cell thickness, stratum spinosum+basale thickness, and stratum corneum thickness were found in PRB and COB (P &lt; 0.05). COB group significantly increased the gene expression of HMGCL and MCT1 in rumen epithelium (P &lt; 0.001). The COB group had the tendency to increase the feed digestibility of dry matter and crude fat compared with the CON group (P &lt; 0.10). The abundance of Prevotellaceae_unclassified was significantly higher in PRB (P &lt; 0.05), and the abundance of Fibrobacteres was significantly higher in COB in comparison to those in CON (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicate that the dietary potential probiotics and enzymes complex could modulate the growth performance, immunity, feed digestibility, and rumen microbiota in weaned goats.
Comparative impact of exogenous phenylalanine on oenological isolates ofKluyveromyces marxianusandSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Degenaar N , Divol B 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsKluyveromyces marxianus’ high production of 2-phenylethyl acetate (2-PEA) via L-phenylalanine (Phe) catabolism makes it relevant for industries relying on the production of aroma compounds through fermentation processes. This study assessed the physiological impact of exogenous supplementation of Phe on cell viability, fermentation performance, and, by extension, on lipid and amino acid metabolism in a wine isolate of this yeast.Methods and resultsThe data showed that Phe exerted cytotoxic effects on K. marxianus IWBT Y885, which were minimal on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and impacted amino acid metabolism and aroma production. We demonstrated that K. marxianus strains fermented sugars more effectively in the absence of Phe. While lipid supplementation did not mitigate any deleterious effects of Phe, it supported viability maintenance and fermentation performance in the absence of Phe. Phe supplementation succeeded in augmenting the production of 2-PE and 2-PEA.ConclusionsThe enhanced production of 2-PEA in K. marxianus suggests that this transesterification may be, at least in part, a compensatory detoxification mechanism for this yeast.
Biochemical and molecular regulatory mechanism of thepgpHgene on biofilm formation inListeria monocytogenes
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Zheng Liping , Lu Zhaoxin , Zhou Libang , Meng Fanqiang , Shi Changzheng , Bie Xiaomei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsPgpH gene has an important regulatory role on bacterial physiological activity, but studies on its regulation mechanism on biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes are lacking. Our aim was to investigate the effect of pgpH gene deletion on biofilm formation in L. monocytogenes.Methods and resultsThe ΔpgpH deletion strain of L. monocytogenes LMB 33  426 was constructed by homologous recombination. Deletion of the pgpH gene resulted in a significant reduction in biofilm formation. The swimming ability of the ΔpgpH strain on semisolid plates was unchanged compared to the wild-type strain (WT), and the auto-aggregation capacity of L. monocytogenes was decreased. RNA-seq showed that ΔpgpH resulted in the differential expression of 2357 genes compared to WT. pgpH inactivation resulted in the significant downregulation of the cell wall formation-related genes dltC, dltD, walK, and walR and the flagellar assembly related genes fliG and motB.ConclusionsThis study shows that the deletion of pgpH gene regulates biofilm formation and auto-aggregation ability of L. monocytogenes by affecting the expression of flagellar assembly and cell wall related genes. pgpH has a global regulatory effect on biofilm formation in L. monocytogenes.
Faecal shedding models for SARS-CoV-2 RNA among hospitalised patients and implications for wastewater-based epidemiology
Authors: Hoffmann Till , Alsing Justin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in faeces is not well characterised, posing challenges for quantitative wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). We developed hierarchical models for faecal RNA shedding and fitted them to data from six studies. A mean concentration of 1.9 × 106 mL-1 (2.3 × 105–2.0 × 108 95% credible interval) was found among unvaccinated inpatients, not considering differences in shedding between viral variants. Limits of quantification could account for negative samples based on Bayesian model comparison. Inpatients represented the tail of the shedding profile with a half-life of 34 hours (28–43 95% credible interval), suggesting that WBE can be a leading indicator for clinical presentation. Shedding among inpatients could not explain the high RNA concentrations found in wastewater, consistent with more abundant shedding during the early infection course.
Measurement invariance of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale by sexual orientation: comparing the sexual functioning of gay and heterosexual individuals
Authors: Sierra Juan Carlos , Mangas Pablo , Guillén-Riquelme Alejandro , Muñoz-García Laura Elvira 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
The assessment of sexual functioning requires accurate and reliable measures as well as short and easy to apply. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), which provides a quick, easy, and nonintrusive assessment of sexual functioning in men and women, is a clear example of a commonly used scale that satisfies these qualities.

Aim
The study sought to examine measurement invariance and differential item functioning (DIF) by sexual orientation of the Spanish version of the ASEX.

Methods
A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on a sample of 1600 adults (800 gay and 800 heterosexual individuals), testing measurement invariance of the ASEX by sexual orientation in men and women separately, and calculating its reliability and DIF.

Outcomes
The measure provided by the Spanish version of the ASEX is reliable and valid for assessing the sexual functioning of gay men and lesbians, but comparisons by sexual orientation are not recommended for men.

Results
The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional structure of the ASEX already found in the Spanish validation with heterosexual people. Measurement invariance showed that, in the men’s sample, the factor structure of the ASEX only reached the weak level of invariance, whereas in the women’s sample, strict invariance by sexual orientation was reached. The internal consistency reliability was adequate, with better coefficients in women than in men. No significant DIF was observed in either men or women.

Clinical Implications
Clinicians should further their training in sexual and gender diversity as approaches such as affirmative LGBT psychotherapy gain popularity, and they must have access to assessment instruments that are psychometrically robust enough to be used with this population.

Strengths and Limitations
This research has some limitations. Because the distribution was administered solely through social media platforms, those without access to social media were unable to participate. Beyond these restrictions, however, the findings are thought to be significant from a research and clinical perspective since measurement invariance is a step that is often excluded when using an instrument validated in a mostly heterosexual sample.

Conclusion
Validating assessment tools in gay men and lesbians is essential because sexual functioning is a crucial concept in sexual health. The findings of this study suggest that the Spanish version of the ASEX offers valid and reliable measures of sexual functioning for both heterosexual and gay people, though there would be bias in comparing men of both orientations.