bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fourth generation of numerical modelling in hydraulics
Authors: Abbott Michael B. , Havnø Karsten , Lindberg Sten 
Published: December 2022

Summary
First-generation modelling was concerned only with computer adaptations of established, human-friendly methods. In second-generation modelling, on the other hand, methods were used that were more specifically “computer friendly”, even if “human-unfriendly” (e.g., finite-difference and finite-element methods). In third-generation modelling, these methods were incorporated into modelling systems, or “shells”, with which a model of any area could be constructed and run automatically by the system when provided with a suitably-formatted description of the area and its ancillary conditions. During the course of the second- and third-generation developments, however, modelling became an increasingly specialised and hermetic activity, confined for most practical purposes to computational-hydraulics experts. The fourth generation then builds on this earlier development, but in such a way as to provide modelling systems that can be used by professional engineers who are not computational-hydraulicsexperts.
The paper describes a typical system for fourth-generation modelling, it outlines the manner of transformation of a third-generation system into a fourth-generation system, and it discusses some of the limits of fourth-generation modelling. It is emphasised that fourth-generation modelling demands a serious research commitment that is, however, not scientific research in its usually-understood sense.
Sustained effectiveness evaluation two years after two water systems were installed in Haitian communities
Authors: Sagar Shruti , DiMascio-Donohue Dorothy , Rayner Justine , Gallandat Karin , Ritter Michael , Joseph Myriam Leandre , Lantagne Daniele 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs a 2010 earthquake and cholera response project, in 2013–2014, an international non-governmental organization, working with local organizations, installed water systems in two Haitian communities. In 2016, 2 years after installation, we conducted a mixed-methods evaluation to assess sustained effectiveness, including 20 infrastructure assessments, 199 household surveys, water quality testing, 30 key informant interviews, and financial analysis of two water committee records. One of 14 (7.1%) installed kiosks were functional during the evaluation, with 42–60% of survey respondents near installed sources reporting using system water for drinking. No household water sample had detectable chlorine residual and non-detectable E. coli, except when household water treatment was reported. Informants expressed appreciation for the project, and discussed difficulties with operations, maintenance, and community engagement. Revenue was initially sufficient for operations and maintenance, although not sustainable because lack of trust led to poor quality service and then lack of payment. While the functional kiosks did provide water to some residents, overall project sustained effectiveness was not reached due to operational and maintenance issues, and lack of governance and community engagement. We recommend future implementers of small-scale water systems in complex contexts like Haiti plan for the technical and social components necessary for sustained effectiveness.
Municipal wastewater treatment with corrugated PVC carrier anaerobic baffled reactor
Authors: Ullah Nadeem , Sheikh Zeshan , Badshah Malik 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) is a promising solution for decentralized wastewater treatment due to its low operation cost as compared to the activated sludge process, but it requires comparatively higher hydraulic retention time (HRT). This ultimately increases land requirement, capital and construction cost of treatment plant. This study investigates performance of ABR using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) corrugated pipe as carrier media to improve biomass retention capacity and treatment performance of reactor with the aim to reduce HRT. Comparative performance of two ABRs with and without carrier media was analyzed under mesophilic conditions (35 ± 1 °C) for organics and total suspended solids (TSS) removal at HRTs of 24, 18, 12, 8, 6 and 4 h. Results showed that at HRTs of 24–08 h, the organics removal performance of the carrier anaerobic baffled reactor (CABR) was better than ABR and was in the range of 77–81% for CABR as compared to 64–70% for ABR. However, on further decrease in HRT to 6 h, CABR sustained the treatment with organics removal of 80%, while ABR performance reduced to 58%, creating a performance difference of 38%. Average total suspended solids (TSS) removal was in the range of 76–83% at all HRTs for both reactors. Therefore, this study identified CABR with PVC carrier media as an effective low-HRT reactor for organics and SS removal with less land area requirement.
Monthly precipitation prediction in Luoyang city based on EEMD-LSTM-ARIMA model
Authors: Zhao Jiwei , Nie Guangzheng , Wen Yihao 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
At present, the method of using coupled models to model different frequency subseries of precipitation series separately for prediction is still lacking in the research of precipitation prediction, thus in this paper, a coupled model based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) is proposed for month-by-month precipitation prediction. The monthly historical precipitation data of Luoyang City from 1973 to 2021 were used to build the model, and the modal components of different frequencies obtained by EEMD decomposition were divided into high-frequency series part and low-frequency series part using the Permutation Entropy (PE) algorithm, the LSTM model is used to predict the high-frequency sequence part, while the ARIMA model is used to predict the low-frequency sequence part. Monthly precipitation forecasts are obtained by superimposing the results of the two models. Finally, the predictive performance is evaluated using several assessment metrics. The indicators show that the model predictive performance outperforms the EMD-LSTM (Empirical Mode Decomposition), EEMD-LSTM, EEMD-ARIMA combined models and the single models, and the model has high confidence in the prediction results of future precipitation.
Dysregulation of Angiopoietin-like-4 Associated with Hyperlipidemia-induced
Renal Injury by AMPK/ACC Pathway
Authors: Liu Qingquan , Lv YongMan , Qiu Wenhui , Huang Luyang , Li YueQiang 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) is a glycoprotein that is involved in regulating lipid metabolism, which has been indicated as a link between hypertriglyceridemia and albuminuria in glomerulonephropathy. Deregulated lipid metabolism is increasingly recognized as an important risk factor of glomerulonephropathy. This study aimed to investigate the Angptl4 expression in renal tissue and podocyte under hyperlipidemia conditions and explore the potential molecular mechanisms.

Objective:
The role of Angptl4 in hyperlipidemia-induced glomerular disease and the detailed underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study sought new insights into this issue.

Methods:
We measured Angptl4 levels in the plasma and urine from patients with hyperlipidemia and healthy people. Rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) to induce dyslipidemia model and the human podocytes were stimulated by palmitic acid as in vivo and in vitro experiments. The podocytes injury and the Angptl4 level in renal tissues were evaluated. Furthermore, the mechanism of Angptl4 on podocytes injury was investigated.

Results:
The urinary Angptl4 level was gradually upregulated in both patients with hyperlipidaemia and high fat-diet-induced rats. HFD rats showed increased 24h-urinary protein and glomerular tuft area at week 12. The levels of nephrin and WT-1 were down-regulated, but the Angptl4 levels were markedly upregulated on the glomerular of rats on HFD. In the human podocytes, lipid accumulation accompanied by increases of Angptl4, but the expression of nephrin, WT-1, p-AMPKα and p-ACC was decreased after palmitic acid treatment. However, this injury effect was mediated by the aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), activator of the low energy sensor AMPK/ACC signaling.

Conclusion:
This study was the first of its kind to show that podocyte damage induced by dyslipidemia could be associated with upregulated Angptl4 and that patients with hyperlipidemia might have relatively high urinary Angptl4 expression. The dysregulation of Angptl4 in the podocytes under hyperlipidemia is possibly carried out through AMPK/ACC signaling pathway.
Epigenetic Regulation in Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Li Ke , Qi Lin , Tang Guyu , Xu Haozhe , Li Zhi , Fan Bo , Li Zhongbei , Li Yuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common malignancy that remains a clinical
challenge: Non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (NMIUC) has a high rate of recurrence
and risk of progression, while muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) has
a high mortality. Although some new treatments, such as immunotherapies, have
shown potential effects on some patients, most cases of advanced UC remain incurable.
While treatments based on epigenetic mechanisms, whether combined with traditional
platinum-based chemotherapy or emerging immunotherapy, show therapeutic
advantages. With the advancement of sequencing and bioinformatics, the study of
epigenomics, containing DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling,
and non-coding RNA, is increasingly linked with the occurrence and progression
of UC. Since the epigenetics of UC is a constantly developing field of medicine, this
review aims to summarize the latest research on epigenetic regulation of UC, generalize
the mechanism of epigenetics in UC, and reveal the potential epigenetic therapies
in the clinical setting, in order to provide some new clues on the discovery of new
drugs based on the epigenetics.
Self Nanoelmusifying Drug Delivery System of Rosuvastatin: Bioavailability
Evaluation and In vitro – In vivo Correlation
Authors: Phan Nghia Thi , Tran Yen Thi Hai , Nguyen Linh Tran , Hoang Yen Kieu , Bui Cuong Khac , Nguyen Hoa Dang , Vu Giang Thi Thu 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Rosuvastatin, most commonly used in the form of calcium salt, belongs to the
statin groups of synthetic antihyperlipidemic agents. Rosuvastatin possesses high permeability, however,
its aqueous solubility is poor, causing a slow dissolution rate in water. Consequently, this dissolution
rate has a decisive role in the release and absorption of rosuvastatin in the gastrointestinal tube.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to evaluate the absorption of the drug from the self-nano emulsifying
drug delivery system of rosuvastatin (Ros SNEDDS) compared to rosuvastatin substance and to
develop a level-A in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for Ros SNEDDS.

Methods:
An in-house developed LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the concentrations of
rosuvastatin in dog plasma. Six beagle dogs received an intravenous dose, Ros SNEDDS, rosuvastatin
substance. In vitro dissolution of the Ros SNEDDS was carried out with different conditions. Correlation
models were developed from the dissolution and absorption results of Ros SNEDDS.

Results:
The results showed a 1.7-fold enhanced oral bioavailability and 2.1-time increase of rosuvastatin
Cmax in Ros SNEDDS form, compared to the rosuvastatin substance. A 900 ml dissolution medium
of pH of 6.6 has demonstrated its suitability, the in vitro dissolution model was studied and supported
by the Weibull equation with a weighting factor of 1/y2 as it presented the lowest values of AIC.

Conclusion:
Ros SNEDDS demonstrated higher bioavailability of rosuvastatin in comparison to
rosuvastatin substance and established a level A IVIVC used in future bioequivalence trials.
Modelling the Interplay Between Neuron-Glia Cell Dysfunction and Glial
Therapy in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Unnisa Aziz , Greig Nigel H. , Kamal Mohammad Amjad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated, interpersonally defined, static condition
of the underdeveloped brain. Although the aetiology of autism remains unclear, disturbance of neuronglia
interactions has lately been proposed as a significant event in the pathophysiology of ASD. In recent
years, the contribution of glial cells to autism has been overlooked. In addition to neurons, glial
cells play an essential role in mental activities, and a new strategy that emphasises neuron-glia interactions
should be applied. Disturbance of neuron-glia connections has lately been proposed as a significant
event in the pathophysiology of ASD because aberrant neuronal network formation and dysfunctional
neurotransmission are fundamental to the pathology of the condition. In ASD, neuron and glial
cell number changes cause brain circuits to malfunction and impact behaviour. A study revealed that
reactive glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory
conditions. Recent discoveries also suggest that dysfunction or changes in the ability of microglia to
carry out physiological and defensive functions (such as failure in synaptic elimination or aberrant microglial
activation) may be crucial for developing brain diseases, especially autism. The cerebellum,
white matter, and cortical regions of autistic patients showed significant microglial activation. Reactive
glial cells result in the loss of synaptic functioning and induce autism under inflammatory conditions.
Replacement of defective glial cells (Cell-replacement treatment), glial progenitor cell-based
therapy, and medication therapy (inhibition of microglia activation) are all utilised to treat glial dysfunction.
This review discusses the role of glial cells in ASD and the various potential approaches to
treating glial cell dysfunction.
Perinatal Hemolytic Disorders and Identification Using End Tidal Breath
Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Christensen Robert D. , Bahr Timothy M. , Pakdeeto Sasikarn , Supapannachart Sarayut , Zhang Huayan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Hemolytic disorders can cause severe morbidity or can be life-threatening. Before the re-cent development of practical and inexpensive testing for hemolysis by quantifying carbon monox-ide in end-tidal breath, some hemolytic disorders in perinatal patients were not detected until se-verely problematic hyperbilirubinemia and/or anemia occurred. Here we review studies aimed at es-tablishing the normal reference intervals for end tidal breath carbon monoxide (ETCO) in various perinatal populations. We also review reports, and new theories, about using this methodology to diagnose and quantify hemolytic disorders in term and premature neonates, anemic pregnant wom-en, and fetuses in utero. The purposes of making these measurements are to; (1) identify patients who have hemolytic disorders, (2) characterize the severity of the hemolysis in each hemolytic pa-tient, and (3) predict and prevent co-morbidities, thereby improving outcomes.
Can we Reduce the Symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by
Regulating Micronutrients? A Review
Authors: Kurtbeyoğlu Emine , Akduman Gül , Güneş Fatma Esra 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Deficiencies of some micronutrients have been observed in chronic fatigue
syndrome patients, but the underlying cause has not been fully understood. The aim of this
study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between CFS and micronutrients.

Methods:
Related articles searched the combinations of the following terms which were used for
the search in the Web of Science database: “Chronic Fatigue Syndrome” OR “Chronic Fatigue-
Fibromyalgia Syndrome” OR “Postviral Fatigue Syndrome” AND “vitamins” OR “minerals” OR
“micronutrients”. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were included.

Results:
The initial search resulted in 225 studies, with 11 studies fully meeting the inclusion criteria.
In these studies, it has been shown that micronutrients may play a role in the etiology of
CFS, and that supplemented micronutrients can positively affect the symptoms of CFS.

Conclusion:
Although there seems to be a close relationship between CFS-related syndromes
and nutritional status, the literature on this subject remains limited. The results of the studies
were not compatible with each other due to differences in the studies. Therefore, new studies are
needed to fully explain the relationship between CFS and micronutrients.
Cholinesterase Aging Phenomenon Following Acute Ethoprophos Poisoning:
A Case Report
Authors: Chefirat Bilel , Touer El Haouaria , Bensaid Nour El Houda , Rezk-Kallah Haciba 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Acute poisoning by Ethoprphos, an organophosphorus pesticide, leads to a veritable cholinergic syndrome whose diagnosis is based on the determination of cholinesterase activity. The treatment relies on the administration of atropine and pralidoxime to regenerate cholinesterases before their ageing.

Case:
We report a case of a two-year-old child, hospitalized for ethoprophos poisoning, with seizures associated with tight myosis, bronchial congestion, fever, and sialorrhea. The determination of butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase showed low rates throughout the hospitalization. Knowing that pralidoxime was introduced from the 5th day of the poisoning, these rates could be explained by aging of cholinesterases. This phenomenon is well established for organophosphate pesticides (OPs) with methylated or ethyl alkyl groups in contrast to others that are much less documented such as dipropyled OPs such as ethoprophos. The recovery of the enzyme rates was very slow with good clinical improvement.

Conclusion:
Ethoprophos poisoning may cause a life-threatening prognosis with a possible phenomenon of cholinesterase aging in the absence of rapid management with administration of pralidoxime.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Conditioned Medium; An Effective Cell-Free
Therapeutic Option for in vitro Maturation of Oocytes
Authors: Pour Fatemeh Khojasteh , Gale Dari Mahrokh Abouali , Ramazii Mohammad , Keivan Mona , Farzaneh Maryam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract:
Infertility is a major reproductive health issue worldwide. One of the main problems in infertile
women is the failure to generate or release a mature egg. Therefore, the development of new technologies
for in vitro generation or induction of mature oocytes can improve various ART procedures. Recently,
stem cell-based therapy has opened a new window for several pathological complications. Mesenchymal
stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into the
mesodermal lineage. MSCs contain various bioactive molecules which are involved in the regulation of
key biological processes. They can secret multiple paracrine factors, such as VEGF, IGF, HGF, EGF, and
FGF to stimulate egg maturation. Although MSCs represent a promising source for cell therapy, the potential
risk of tumor development reduces their clinical applications. Recent studies have suggested that
the supernatant or conditioned medium of MSCs also contains similar components and regulates the oocyte
behavior. The MSC-conditioned medium can eliminate the safety concerns associated with MSC
transplantation and avoid rejection problems. Although MSC and MSC-CM could improve oocyte quality,
ovarian function, and fertility, these improvements have not yet been demonstrated in clinical trials in
humans. Hereby, we summarized recent research findings of MSCs-derived conditioned medium in in
vitro development of immature oocytes.
Reduced Expression of RBP7 is Associated with Resistance to Tamoxifen In Luminal
A Breast Cancer
Authors: Yan Xiaolu , Chen Chuan , Gao Zhe , Zhang Lixia 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Tamoxifen is the most commonly used hormonal treatment for ERα-positive breast cancer.
Tamoxifen resistance is still a big problem for ERα target therapy. RBP7 is a member of the cellular retinol-binding
protein family.

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the prognostic role of RBP7 and the relationship between RBP7 expression
and sensitivity or resistance to tamoxifen in ERα-positive breast cancer.

Methods:
A bioinformatics method was used to investigate RBP7 expression and the prognostic value of RBP7 in
different subtypes of breast cancer. The relationship between RBP7 expression and sensitivity or resistance to tamoxifen
was studied using clinical data (GSE1379) and cell line data (GSE27473, GSE2645923, GSM3715281, and
GSM3715282). Transfection of RBP7 experiments was used to testify to the function of RBP7 in MCF7 cell.

Result:
RBP7 is a member of the family of cellular retinol-binding proteins. RBP7 expression was down-regulated at
both mRNA and protein levels in breast cancer and was not associated with different TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis)
stages. High expression of RBP7 was significantly related to good relative percent survival in the luminal A subtype,
but in negative breast cancer, the result was opposite. The ROC plot showed that RBP7 had a significant predictive
value for the tamoxifen response in the luminal A subtype. The expression of RBP7 from patients with recurrence
treated with tamoxifen was significantly reduced. Gene Expression Omnibus showed that RBP7 expression was reduced
considerably in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells and T47D cells. The expression of RBP7 was positively correlated
with some microRNAs involved in negatively regulating tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. We also found that
the expression of RBP7 decreased significantly in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells, and transfection of RBP7 increased
the sensitivity of resistant cells to tamoxifen.

Conclusion:
Reduced expression of RBP7 is associated with resistance to tamoxifen in luminal A breast cancer. Our
research may help to explore the mechanisms of resistance of breast cancer to tamoxifen.
Protective Effect of Nigella sativa Seed Extract and its Bioactive
Compound Thymoquinone on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Khan Samar Saeed , Zaidi Kamal Uddin 
Published: December 2022

Background:
The lack of a substantial breakthrough in the treatment of diabetes, a
global issue, has led to an ongoing quest for herbs that contain bioactive elements with hypoglycemic
properties.

Objective:
To investigate the potential protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds ethanol extract and
its active ingredient, thymoquinone, on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:
To induce diabetes, the male Wistar rats were administered an intraperitoneal injection
of STZ at a dosage of 90 mg/kg body weight in 0.9 percent normal saline after being fasted for 16
hours and made diabetic Group 1; 7 rats non-diabetic control (saline-treated), Group 2; 7 untreated
diabetic rats, Group 3; 7 diabetic rats treated orally with N. sativa extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg
body weight, Group 4; 7 diabetic rats treated orally with thymoquinone at a dose of 10 mg/kg body
weight and Group 5; 7 diabetic rats treated orally with Metformin at a dose of 5 mg/kg body
weight. After the treatment of 28 days, all groups were examined for body weight and biochemical
alterations.

Results:
The results showed a significant decrease in blood glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid,
total protein, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein, while
high-density lipoprotein was increased. Hepatic enzymes, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase,
and alkaline phosphate were also normalized and significantly increased body
weight.

Conclusion:
These preliminary findings demonstrate that the ethanol extract of N. sativa seeds and
its active ingredient, thymoquinone have a protective effect against streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats. The present study opens new vistas for the use of N. sativa and its bioactive compound, thymoquinone,
regarding its clinical application as a new nontoxic antidiabetic agent for managing
diabetes mellitus.