bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination of tomato plants infected by fungal pathogens at different disease severity using E-nose and GC-MS
Authors: Sun Yubing , Zheng Yutong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Disease is a serious problem in tomato plant, causing huge economic loss. Disease detection is the premise of protection. This paper employed Electronic nose (E-nose) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), as an auxiliary technique, to identify disease type and its severity in the tomato plant. A total of twenty-five volatile constituents were identified using GC-MS, their concentrations were calculated and showed the difference in different groups. Furthermore, the results of E-nose and GC-MS were compared and showed a good correlation. Moreover, the possibility of E-nose in discriminating tomato plants infected with different types and severities of disease either respectively or together was proved based on both Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Functions Analysis (DFA). Then, Back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was introduced and showed that the correct classification rates were 98.3% for training set and 97.5% for testing set for predicting disease type and severity. This study demonstrates the feasibility of E-nose in detecting tomato plants with different disease types and severities. E-nose is an excellent technique for disease identification, which is very meaningful for prevention of disease spread and meets actual application needs.
Discovery of Intrinsic Magnetospheric Ion Behavior at Mars
Authors: Rong Zhaojin , Zhang Chi , Nilsson Hans , Ebihara Yusuke , Yamauchi Masatoshi , Persson Moa , Zhong Jun , Dong Chuanfei , Chen Yuxi , Zhou Xuzhi , Sun Yixin , Harada Yuki , Halekas Jasper , Xu Shaosui , Futaana Yoshifumi , Shi Zhen , Yuan Chongjing , Yun Xiaotong , Fu Song , Gao Jiawei , Holmstrom Mats , Wei Yong , Barabash Stanislav 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mars lacks a planetary-scale intrinsic magnetosphere, and instead possesses small-scale crustal magnetic fields, creating a distinct class of plasma environments from intrinsic magnetospheres such as that of Earth or Saturn. Here we report the discovery of intrinsic magnetospheric ion behavior at Mars based on the measurements provided by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN). We observed wedge-like dispersion structures of H+ exhibiting butterfly-shaped distributions within the Martian crustal fields, a feature previously observed only in intrinsic magnetospheres. These dispersed structures are a result of drift motions that fundamentally resemble those observed in intrinsic magnetospheres. Our findings indicate that the Martian crustal fields have the potential to behave similarly to intrinsic magnetospheres in modifying the ion motions despite their weak strength and large inhomogeneity. This study offers insights into the role of crustal fields in ion escape and the mass-energy transfer between solar wind and Mars.
Effect of surface oxide on decarburization reaction in the austenitic steel S304HCu
Authors: Zurek Joanna , Cosler Heiko , Quadakkers Willem Joseph , Naumenko Dmitry 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the present work, the high temperature decarburization of the austenitic stainless steel S304HCu in Ar-(4%H2)-x H2O at temperatures between 1000 and 1150°C was investigated. The focus was on determining parameters that influence the decarburization rate during heat treatment. Thermogravimetric experiments were performed with simultaneous measurements of CO release from the sample using a mass spectrometer. The variation of the experimental parameters included the composition of the atmosphere during pre-oxidation and decarburization, the temperature and the sample thickness. The results indicate that the loss of carbon from the specimen occurs faster through reaction of Cr2O3 with C from the steel compared to the reaction of C at the steel surface with H2O, provided that in the former case CO can easily evaporate. The overall decarburization process is governed by competing reactions; the destruction of chromium oxide by C and the formation of oxide scale by water vapour. The relative rates of these two reactions determines whether decarburization will occur or whether formation of a protective oxide stops the release of CO, the latter being promoted at lower temperatures and high water vapour contents. A dense, sufficiently thick chromia scale retards the onset of decarburization but does eventually not stop the carbon loss. Indications were found that the destruction of a pre-formed chromia scale by carbon involves a two-step process whereby presence of hydrogen is important.
Using 3D-printed models for pre-planning of high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Mosleh Hamidreza , Mehdizadeh Mehdi , Moradi Fatemeh , Mosleh Hoda , Moteshakereh Seyed MohammadMisagh , Kurdkandi Hooshmand Zarei , Sajjadi Mohammadreza Minator , Shabani Ronak 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the use of 3D-printed models for preoperative planning of high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in patients with genu varum deformity.
Method: This study included Sixteen patients with genu varum divided into two groups: the model group and the control group. Before and after the operation, all patients in both groups underwent a lower limb standing alignment radiograph to measure mMPTA (mechanical Medial Proximal Tibial Angle), mLDFA (mechanical Lateral Distal Femur Angle), CA (Convergence Angle), and mFTA (mechanical FemuroTibial Angle). For the model group, a 3D-printed model was prepared before the surgery, and open wedge HTO was performed using this model. PTS (posterior tibial slope) and TTA (tibial torsion angle) were also measured in the model group, before and after operation. The control group underwent surgery without using a 3D printed model. Following the operation, the angles and the size of the bone opening in the medial axis on the model that underwent surgery were examined, and the measurements were recorded.
Results: There was no significant difference between the groups regarding age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and side of injury. This study found no significant differences in mMPTA, mLDFA, mFTA, and CA between the groups in the 2D image. However, all angles changed significantly in both groups postoperatively, except for mLDFA in the model group. The mean changes in mMPTA, mFTA, and mMLDFA did not significantly differ between the groups, except for CA (P = .012). In the 3D model, PTS increased significantly while TTA decreased. Comparing angles between the 2D image and 3D model showed statistically significant differences, except for mFTA. The size of bone opening along the medial axis did not differ significantly between real surgery and the 3D model. The cost of hospitalization, cost of anesthesia, operation time, and also number of fluoroscopies were significantly lower in the model group compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Using a 3D model for preoperative planning improved the correction of genu varum deformity in HTO. It also reduced the operation time, hospitalization and anesthesia costs, and fluoroscopy usage.
The Genetic Relationship between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Risk of Primary Ovarian Failure: a Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Xiangfei , Mao Ruolin , Wang Meng , Zhu Lixia , Jin Lei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous studies investigating the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary ovarian failure (POF) generated conflicting results, especially with the existence of potential environmental confounders. To data, no mendelian randomization study has been applied to examine this causal association between SLE and risk of POF.
Methods
Genetic instruments for exposure (SLE) were selected from a large GWAS study with 5,201 cases and 9,066 noncases. Outcome data for POF and three reproductive traits (age at menarche, age at menopause, and age at first live birth) were obtained from other eligible GWASs. To estimate causal association, the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR Egger test, weighted mendelian, simple mode, and weighted mode were applied, with the IVW method to be the primary one. Moreover, sensitivity analyses, including Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis, were conducted to ensure the robustness of the results.
Results
Estimated by the IVW method, SLE was suggested to be causally related to the risk of POF (OR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.055–1.289, P = 0.003) and delayed age at first live birth (OR = 1.006, 95% CI: 1.002–1.010, P = 0.007), with no evidence of a causal association between SLE and age at menopause or menarche. The causal estimates were robust according to sensitivity analysis.
Conclusion
The two-sample MR study supported a casual association between SLE and POF from a genetic aspect.
IL-17RA promotes tumorigenesis in a murine model of ovarian cancer
Authors: Sánchez-Bello María Elena , Martínez-Vargas Irving Ulises , Osorio-Trujillo Juan Carlos , Flores-García Yevel , Talamás-Rohana Patricia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: IL-17A is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. This cytokine is produced by several immune populations in various types of cancers and has been associated with both anti-tumor and pro-tumor functions. This cytokine signals via IL-17RA and RC receptors, which are expressed in various cell lineages, including ovarian tumor cells. Although several works have demonstrated the role of IL-17A in vitro and in vivo cancer models, the function of the IL-17RA receptor remains poorly studied.
Results: In this work, we found that IL-17A/F homodimers or heterodimers did not produce a significant effect on proliferation but showed effects in chemoresistance and migration of ID8 cells, acting as anti-tumoral in vitro. However, in vivo, the absence of the IL-17RA receptor reduced tumor development and the production of ascites, due to a reduction in ERK1/2 activation, leading to an increase in overall survival.
Conclusion: Overall, we demonstrate that IL-17RA promotes tumor development in the ID8 murine model of ovarian cancer in vivo.
Dosimetry evaluation of a new 169Yb-LDR COMS plaque for treatment of intraocular tumors
Authors: Sardari Elham , Poorbaygi Hosein , Aghamiri Seyed Mahmoud Reza , Sheibani Shahab , Moradi Somayeh 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ocular melanoma is the most common and malignant intraocular tumor with an incidence of one percent per thousand per year, which can lead to vision loss or even death. The present study investigated the dose distribution around ocular plaque containing 169Yb seeds to treat ocular melanoma. Dosimetry evaluation and comparison of the resulting isodose curve for 169Yb COMS plaque with 125I COMS plaque were performed using MCNPX code. The results of this comparison showed that with this choice, the time for ocular plaque implantation can be reduced by about 3 times for eye plaque with 20mm in diameter, which can be an important achievement for the treatment of large intraocular tumors. It was shown that for the 169Yb LDR source, a dose of 63 Gy (1.6 Gyh− 1) is equivalent to BED of 103.5 Gy and it is biologically equivalent to an 125I LDR of 85 Gy over 5 d. For critical points such as sclera the dose was minimized about %24 and 32% for tumor of apex 5 mm and 10 mm, respectively. For opposite side, it maximized only about %20 and 7% for tumor of apex 5 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Therefore, it seems that the use of 169Yb COMS plaque is better for the larger tumor apex. The results indicate that the 169Yb-LDR plaque can be suitable for treatment intraocular tumors with small basal dimension and larger in height.
New dynamic approach models to estimate the effect of dietary fatty acids on lipid profiles and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the MASHAD cohort study
Authors: Hafezi Somayeh Ghiasi , Mohammadi-Bajgiran Maryam , Khorasanchi Zahra , Soflaei Sara Saffar , Effati Sohrab , Rahimi Hamid Reza , Shakeri Behrouz , Latifi MohamadReza , Sarabi Mohammadreza Mohammadtaghizadeh , Zadeh Sara Ghazi , Ghamsari Mark , Ferns Gordon A. , Asaran-Darban Reza , Esmaily Habibollah , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Due to the controversial effect of dietary fat intake on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk, this study aimed to, adopt a new dynamic model that was tested and evaluated to estimate the effect of dietary fatty acids on the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the MASHAD cohort.
Methods
Total subjects of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) study, 9704 subjects (of whom 233 developed CVD after 6 years with CVD) were recruited using a randomized clustering approach. Lipids profiles were taken after a 14 hours of overnight fast. 24-h recall questionnaire was used to measure the dietary intakes. A four-dimensional mathematical model based on the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model in the dynamics of food intake was formulated for cardiovascular patients.
Results
Dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) had an effect on the HDL in women and dietary trans fatty acid (TFA) and cholesterol had an effect on serum LDL, had the greatest effect on the CVDs. In addition, among other dietary fatty acids, cholesterol and TFA had the most and least effect on the incidence of CVDs in dyslipidemia patients, respectively. Regardless of the effect of fatty acids intake on lipid profile, which is more evident in females, CVDs were more in males.
Conclusion
Our models showed that higher intake of MUFA, PUFA as well as lower intake of SFA had a significant effect on serum HDL in women and among other dietary factors, had the most effect on the occurrence of CVDs.
Presurgical computed tomography-directed identification of lung ground-glass nodules: comparing between hook-wire and indocyanine green
Authors: Han Rui , Wang Long-Fei , Teng Fei , Lin Jia , Xian Yu-Tao , Lu Yun , Wu An-Le 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Presurgical computed tomography (CT)-based identification is frequently employed for minimization of thoracotomy conversion rate, while enhancing video-based thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) sublobar resection rate for ground glass nodules (GGNs). Herein, we compared the clinical efficacies between presurgical CT-based hook-wire and indocyanine green (IG)-based identification of GGNs.
Methods: Between January 2018 and December 2021, we recruited 86 patients who undertook CT-based hook-wire or IG-based GGNs identification prior to VATS resection in our hospital, and compared the clinical efficiency and safety of both techniques.
Results: In all, we selected 38 patients with 39 GGNs who received hook-wire- and 48 patients with 50 GGNs who received IG-based GNN identification. We observed no marked differences in baseline information between the two patient cohorts. Based on our analysis, the technical success rates of CT-based hook-wire- and IG-based localization were 97.4% and 100%, respectively (P = 1.000). Moreover, the average localization duration (15.3 ± 6.3 min vs. 11.2 ± 5.3 min, P = 0.002) and VAS (4.5 ± 0.6 vs. 3.0 ± 0.5, P = 0.001) were considerably elevated among the hook-wire patients, relative to the IG patients. Pneumothorax occurred in 9 (23.7%) and 3 (6.3%) hook-wire and IG patients, respectively (P = 0.048). Lung hemorrhage occurred in 11 (28.9%) and 6 (12.5%) hook-wire and IG patients, respectively (P = 0.057). Lastly, VTAS sublobar resection was successful among all patients receiving CT-directed identification.
Conclusions: Both hook-wire- and IG-based identification successfully identified GGNs prior to VATS resection. However, the presurgical CT-directed IG identification performed far better than the hook-wire-based identification. Moreover, it was associated with reduced complication rates, pain score, and shorter identification duration.
Assembly, annotation and analysis of the chloroplast genome of the Algarrobo tree Neltuma pallida (Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Caycho Esteban , Torre Renato La , Orjeda Gisella 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Neltuma pallida is a tree that grows in arid soils in northwestern Peru. Being a predominant species of the Equatorial Dry Forest ecoregion, it has a high economic and ecological importance for people and environment. Despite this, the species is severely threatened and there are few genetic and genomic studies about it, making it difficult to propose evidence-based conservation strategies.Results In this work, the chloroplast genome of a N. pallida specimen was assembled, annotated, analyzed and compared with those of related species. The length of the assembled chloroplast genome was 162381 bp with a typical quadripartite structure (LSC-IRA-SSC-IRB). The calculated GC% for the genome was 35.97%, although this is variable between regions, with a higher GC% found in the IRs. A total of 132 genes were annotated, of which 19 were duplicates and 18 contained at least one intron in their sequence. A large number of repetitive sequences of different types were identified in the assembled genome, being the most frequent the tandem repeats (> 300), especially microsatellites (SSR). The phylogenetic reconstruction of Prosopis s.l. showed that this group is monophyletic. N. pallida was closely related to P. cineraria, N. juliflora and N. glandulosa, forming a subclade with these species. When comparing the chloroplast genome sequence of N. pallida with N. juliflora, P. farcta and Strombocarpa tamarugo, it was found that the sequences were highly similar.Conclusions The chloroplast genome of N. pallida is composed of 162381 bp with the classical quadripartite structure and GC% of 35.97%, a value similar to that of other closely related species. Also, the genetic structure of the genome was found to be similar to other members of Prosopis s.l. In the chloroplast genome of N. pallida, more than 800 repetitive sequences were identified, being the most common the tandem repeats. N. pallida showed closeness to the other Neltuma spp., forming a subclade within the Prosopis s.l. group. The divergence analysis indicated that there were little differences when comparing the Prosopis s.l. chloroplast genomes, evidencing high levels of conservation between these species.
GraphTar: applying word2vec and graph neural networks to miRNA target prediction
Authors: Przybyszewski Jan , Malawski Maciej , Lichołai Sabina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNAs, inhibiting their translation. They play a critical role in regulating various biological processes and are implicated in many diseases, including cardiovascular, oncological, gastrointestinal diseases, and viral infections. Computational methods that can identify potential miRNA-mRNA interactions from raw data use one-dimensional miRNA-mRNA duplex representations and simple sequence encoding techniques, which may limit their performance.
Results: We have developed GraphTar, a new target prediction method that uses a novel graph-based representation to reflect the spatial structure of the miRNA-mRNA duplex. Unlike existing approaches, we use the word2vec method to accurately encode RNA sequence information. In conjunction with a novel, word2vec-based encoding method, we use a graph neural network classifier that can accurately predict miRNA-mRNA interactions based on graph representation learning. As part of a comparative study, we evaluate three different node embedding approaches within the GraphTar framework and compare them with other state-of-the-art target prediction methods. The results show that the proposed method achieves similar performance to the best methods in the field and outperforms them on one of the datasets.
Conclusions: In this study, a novel miRNA target prediction approach called GraphTar is introduced. Results show that GraphTar is as effective as existing methods and even outperforms them in some cases, opening new avenues for further research. However, the expansion of available datasets is critical for advancing the field towards real-world applications.
Factors Affecting China’s Defense Expenditure Demand During 1978–2018
Authors: WANG shacheng , zhu xiaoxi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
China’s defense spending has been hitherto perceived in two dimensions—international academic opinion on the transparency of China’s defense expenditure and the reasons for its growth, and domestic researchers’ analysis of the relationship between public expenditure and economic development in China. There is no consensus on the impact of the changes in the 20th century global military landscape on China’s defense expenditure requirements. This study combines Smith’s (1989, 1995) neoclassical defense expenditure demand and Schelling’s (1960, 1966) deterrence models for an econometric analysis of the factors influencing China’s defense expenditure demand between 1978 and 2018. The results show that China’s defense spending during this period is mainly affected by its military expenditure in the previous period, the relative changes in defense expenditure of the military superpowers, namely, the USA and the Soviet Union (Russia), as well as China’s economic development. At present, the dominance of the USA, which ranks first in the world in terms of military expenditure, and the lack of comparable military superpowers may be an important source of China’s external threat perception. This study sheds light on the reasons for the changes in China’s military expenditure over the past 40 years and empirically establishes the relevance of Schelling’s deterrence theory for modern strategic military analyses.
Synchronous Aggressive NK Cell Leukemia and EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma in a 30-year old Vietnamese Woman; Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Dayton Vanessa J , Thien Dang Hoang , Xinh Phan Thi , Arries Cade , Sang Nguyen Ngoc , Lien Nguyen Phuong , Dung Phu Chi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Aggressive NK cell leukemia (ANKL) and systemic EBV-positive T-cell lymphoma of childhood (SEBVTCL) with CD4-positive immunophenotype are both rare. Both entities are associated with prior systemic chronic active EBV disease (CAEBV) and presentation with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Whereas ANKL is typically seen in young to middle-aged adults, SEBVTCL is most commonly seen in children and young adults.
We report the case of a 30-year-old Vietnamese woman who presented acutely with high fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and HLH, after a months-long history of fever and malaise, more than one year after an acute EBV infection.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry; flow cytometric immunophenotyping; polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)
Results:
At the time of hospital admission, automated complete blood count (CBC) with differential count showed slight anemia, slight lymphocytosis, and moderate thrombocytopenia. HIV serology was negative. Whole blood PCR for EBV was positive showing 98,000 copies/ml. A lymph node biopsy revealed histology and immunohistochemistry consistent with the WHO-HAEM5 classification of SEBVTCL arising in CAEBV. Blood and bone marrow studies performed for staging revealed no histologic or immunohistochemical evidence of T-cell lymphoma in the bone marrow core, however, atypical blood smear lymphocyte morphology and blood immunophenotyping by flow cytometry were consistent with WHO-HAEM5 classification of ANKL. NGS revealed no evidence of genetic variant(s) associated with HLH in Vietnam.
Conclusion: This unusual synchronous presentation of two distinct EBV-driven T/NK cell neoplasms in a Southeast Asian woman highlights the importance of keeping EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disorders in the differential diagnosis for both children and adults, particularly those of Asian and Southeast Asian descent.