bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymus Dependence of Reaginic Antibody Formation in Mice
Authors: Michael J. Gabriel , Bernstein I. Leonard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Formation of reaginic antibodies in mice has been demonstrated by numerous investigators (1–4). These antibodies were shown to be fixed to homologous skin, being retained there for several days. They were also shown to be heat and mercaptoethanol sensitive. Thus in many of their biologic activities mouse reaginic antibodies resemble human IgE antibodies (5). Availability of genetically thymusless nude mice provided an opportunity to examine the dependence of mouse reaginic antibody formation on the presence of thymus cells. Nude mice (nu/nu) were shown to respond poorly to sheep erythrocytes in respect to formation of IgM and IgG antibodies (6–8). The immune response to sheep erythrocytes was at least partially restored by normal thymus grafts or by injection of normal thymus cells (9). Nude mice (nu/nu) and heterozygous (nu/-) derived from back-crosses to the BALB/c strain (3 to 5 generations) were obtained from Bomholtgaard, Ltd., Ry. Denmark. BALB/c mice (+/+) originated from Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, Maine.
Tissue Typing: An Experimental Solution in the Chicken
Authors: Simonsen Morten 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present communication will show that it is possible in the chicken to develop hemagglutinating typing sera which, if applied to an unrelated population, can single out the individuals compatible with a given recipient in terms of the major histocompatibility system. Such a selection is the major point of tissue typing, largely unfulfilled as yet in man and other mammals.
Two analytical tools, 1) hemagglutination, and 2) graft-vs-host (GVH)1 splenomegaly in the embryo have been combined in a special strategy for absorption of iso-antisera with the dual properties of agglutinating red blood cells and of inhibiting lymphocytes in their GVH reaction. Such antisera were produced in inbred chickens of genotypes B1/1 and B2/2 by i.v. injections of washed whole blood cells from heterozygous B1/2 donors. After 4 to 6 weekly injections sera were harvested which showed strong hemagglutination of B2/2 and B1/1 erythrocytes, respectively.
Change in Susceptibility of C3H/HeJ Mice to LCM Virus Infection
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. , Dixon Frank J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)3 virus are a useful model for understanding the pathogenesis of disease associated with both acute and chronic virus infections (1, 2). In this model, tissue injury is caused by the interaction of the host's anti-viral immune response with virus or virus-infected cells. In acute infection, injection of adult mice with LCM virus leads either to recovery or death depending on the dose of virus administered, the route of inoculation used, and the ability of the host to mount an anti-viral immune response (3, 4). In chronic infection, the time scale of the response to LCM virus is lengthened and the severity of disease is related to the location and amount of LCM virus carried, the magnitude of the anti-viral antibody response made, and the interaction between virus and antibody (5).
In our initial studies on the pathogenesis of disease associated with LCM virus infection, we studied the susceptibility of different murine strains to LCM virus (5–7).
Intercellular Communication in Stimulated Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Oliveira-Castro Gilberto M. , Barcinski Marcello A. , Cukierman Samuel 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Microelectrode studies of human lymphocytes after 24 to 48 hr of stimulation by phytohemagglutinin are described. A stable transmembrane potential of about -18 mV was detected. The input resistance of these cells was about 5 megohms.
Clumps of stimulated cells exhibit junctional communication as revealed by coupling coefficients of 0.2 to 0.6. No changes in membrane properties and intercellular communication were detected throughout the observed period.
The results reported here suggest that the establishment of interlymphocyte communication is possibly involved in the control of mitosis.
Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis in One-Year-Old C57BL/6 Mice Induced by Endogenous Murine Leukemia Virus and Erythrocyte Antigens
Authors: Porter David D. , Porter Helen G. , Cox Nancy A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aging mice frequently develop a glomerulosclerosis; the severity of the lesion varies among mouse strains and increases with age. The kidneys of fifty 1-year-old C57BL/6 mice were examined and 48 had histologic evidence of mild to moderate intercapillary glomerulosclerosis. All fifty mice had glomerular deposits of IgG and 41 had deposits of C3 which were located in the mesangial zone and along glomerular capillary walls. Fifty to 57% of the kidney-bound immunoglobulin which was eluted reacted with murine leukemia virus cell surface antigen, while 8 to 37% of the immunoglobulin reacted with syngeneic erythrocytes. The glomerulosclerosis of aging C57BL/6 mice appears to be an immune complex glomerulonephritis induced by murine leukemia virus antigens, and to a lesser extent, erythrocyte antigens.
Hemolysis of Sheep Erythrocytes in Guinea Pig Serum Deficient in the Fourth Component of Complement
Authors: May Joseph E. , Frank Michael M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The hemolysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes in serum from guinea pigs with a total genetically controlled deficiency of C4 was studied with purified IgG and IgM anti-Forssman antibodies. It was found that an approximately 20-fold increase in hemolytic antibody concentration was necessary to initiate lysis in C4D serum as compared with normal serum. The kinetic curves of hemolysis in concentrated C4-deficient serum reached a plateau in 30 to 60 min. Lysis in the deficient serum could only be achieved with concentrated serum; hemolytic activity was rapidly lost on dilution. The lytic capacity of C4-deficient serum from individual animals was shown to vary markedly. The cytolytic reaction was specific in that only sensitized sheep erythrocytes were lysed, and there was no lysis of “innocent bystander” cells.
Expression of HL-A Antigens on Cultured Human Fibroblasts Infected with Mycoplasmas
Authors: Brautbar Chaim , Stanbridge Eric J. , Pellegrino Michele A. , Ferrone Soldano , Reisfeld Ralph A. , Payne Rose , Hayflick Leonard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A variety of cultured human fibroblast strains with different HL-A phenotypes were infected with non-fermentative and fermentative mycoplasmas. Both short-term and long-term infections were studied. It was found that many more mycoplasmas associated with the cell membranes of long-term infected cultures than of short-term infected ones. Mycoplasma effects on the morphology of long-term infected cultures varied from an increase in cytoplasmic granularity to frank cytopathogenicity. Regardless of the numbers of mycoplasmas associated with the cells, or the condition of the cells, there was no detectable change in the expression of HL-A antigens measured both qualitatively and quantitatively. It is suggested that HL-A antigens are an essential structural feature of the cytoarchitecture of the cells and/or play a role in transport processes and contact phenomena which are crucial to cell survival.
Simultaneous Expression of Hapten Binding and Antibody Secretion by NIP-Primed Lymph Node Cells Early in the Immune Response
Authors: Bankert Richard B. , Wolf Benjamin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A combination rosette-plaque assay was used to demonstrate that most (92%) of the plaque-forming cells (PFC) bound hapten to their surface 5 to 8 days after one injection of 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl acetic acid (NIP) coupled to diphtheria toxoid, (NIP-TOX). There was a significant decrease in hapten binding by these cells later in the primary response. Rosette formation was observed when NIP-TOX-primed lymph node cells bound NIP-coupled sheep red blood cells stabilized with pyruvic aldehyde (NIP/PASRBC). This suspension of cells was then plaqued on fresh NIP-coupled sheep red blood cells (NIP/SRBC). A rosetted lymph node cell in the center of a plaque clearly demonstrated simultaneous hapten binding and anti-hapten antibody secretion. The specificity of hapten binding and antibody secretion was established by rosette and plaque inhibition with NIP coupled to bovine serum albumin (NIP-BSA). The specificity of each was further characterized by comparative inhibition with analogues of NIP (also coupled to BSA): 3,5-dinitro-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (NNP-BSA), 3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DIP-BSA) and 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (NP-BSA). The homologous hapten NIP was always the best inhibitor of plaques (97.8% inhibition) and rosettes (96.2% inhibition). NNP was always a better plaque and rosette inhibitor than either DIP or NP. This hierarchy of inhibition, and the correlation between rosette and plaque inhibition demonstrated the similarity of receptor and antibody specificity.
Human Antibody to Dengue Soluble Complement-Fixing (SCF) Antigens
Authors: Falkler William A. , Diwan Arwind R. , Halstead Scott B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Soluble complement-fixing (SCF) antigens were prepared to dengue viruses, types 1 to 4, from infected suckling mouse brain. While these non-structural proteins previously had been shown to have group- and type-specific antigenic determinants and to circulate in infected mice, their participation in human dengue infection was never established. Human acute and convalescent sera from primary and secondary dengue infections were tested for antibody to SCF antigens. At two antigen units, one of nine primary convalescent samples had antibody to a single type of dengue SCF, none of 11 secondary acute-phase sera had SCF antibody while all of 22 convalescent-phase samples had relatively high titers to two or more SCF antigens. With higher antigen concentrations, none of eight primary convalescent samples and only one of nine secondary acute-phase sera had antibody to dengue 2 SCF antigen. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation showed the antibody activity in the secondary convalescent-phase sera to be of the IgG class, suggesting prior antigenic exposure in these hosts. The inability to detect anti-SCF in the primary convalescent and secondary acute samples was not due to IgM interference as demonstrated with ethanethiol reduction experiments. This study has demonstrated that SCF antibody is produced in humans allowing for the possibility, as postulated, that these antigens participate in dengue immunopathogenesis. The inability to detect antibody during the acute phase of secondary dengue infections and in the convalescent sera from primarily infected humans requires further study.
Leukemia Virus-Induced Immunosuppression
Authors: Mortensen Richard F. , Ceglowski Walter S. , Friedman Herman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An examination of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in susceptible mice infected with Friend leukemia virus (FLV) revealed a marked depression of the delayed hypersensitivity response and its in vitro correlate, macrophage migration inhibition. Spleen lymphocytes from mice sensitized with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and infected with low doses of FLV rapidly lost their ability to produce a migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in response to PPD. With both direct and indirect assays for MIF it was shown that there was a significant decrease in the production of MIF in response to mycobacterial antigens by 3 days post-infection. The degree of suppression correlated with both the infecting dose of FLV and the time post-infection. Mice were protected from FLV induced immunosuppression of CMI by vaccination with FLV. In vitro spleen lymphocyte stimulation with the thymus derived (T) cell specific mitogen, ConA, and with antigen (PPD) was also rapidly suppressed after FLV infection. Macrophages from leukemic mice were able to respond to MIF-rich culture supernatants, but nonadherent spleen lymphocytes from the same mice were not able to generate MIF. Antagonists or inhibitors of MIF were not detected in the supernatants of leukemic spleen lymphocyte cultures. The development of delayed hypersensitivity to tubercle bacilli could be abrogated by infecting with FLV up to 14 days after injection of CFA. These observations indicate that FLV not only inhibits the bone marrow-derived cell function of antibody formation, but also the cell-mediated immune functions which are mediated by T cells and which have been implicated as the surveillance mechanism responsible for controlling the emergence of neoplasia.
Rosette Formation by Guinea Pig Thymocytes and Thymus Derived Lymphocytes with Rabbit Red Blood Cells
Authors: Stadecker Miguel J. , Bishop Gene , Wortis Henry H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit red blood cells (RRBC) can bind to guinea pig lymphocytes forming rosettes. Ninety-five per cent of thymocytes, about 50% of lymph node cells, 15% of spleen cells, 30% of peripheral blood lymphocytes and &lt;1% of L2C (B cell) leukemic lymphocytes form rosettes. Lymphocytes with binding sites for complement (EAC rosetting cells) do not rosette with RRBC. Cells sensitive to the cytotoxic activity of anti-thymus derived (T) cell sera plus complement are the same cells that form RRBC rosettes. Anti-T cell sera (even in the absence of complement) inhibit RRBC rosetting. Rosette formation requires a live lymphocyte and is blocked by sodium azide, but not EDTA. It is concluded that the ability to bind to RRBC is a characteristic of living guinea pig T cells and not of B cells.
Restricted Rabbit Antibodies: Amino Acid Sequences of Rabbit H Chains of Allotype a1, a2, and a3 in the Region 80 to 94
Authors: Jaton Jean-Claude , Braun Dietmar G. , Strosberg A. Donny , Haber Edgar , Morris James E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The partial amino acid sequence of rabbit heavy (H) chains of allotype a1, a2, and a3 was determined. The H chains were derived from restricted antipolysaccharide antibodies which were shown to be precipitated quantitatively by antiallotype sera raised against pooled immunoglobulins.
The N-terminal half of the H chains (C1 fragment) was isolated from a CNBr digest and subjected to automated Edman degradation. Extended homology with known sequences from rabbit pooled H chains indicated that C1 fragments were cleaved between residues 34 and 35 and/or 79 and 80. One additional cleavage site was observed at position 110 in two H chains.
Section 80 to 94 of a1, a2, and a3 restricted H chains showed little sequence variation. No simple correlation between the identity of a single amino acid residue and the allotype of the H chain could be determined.
Decreased Epinephrine Response of Adenylate Cyclase Activity of Lymphoid Cells from Immunodeficient Pituitary Dwarf Mice
Authors: Kemp Robert G. , Huang Yung-Chen , Duquesnoy Rene J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although basal activities of adenylate cyclase in lymphoid cells and liver cells were similar in suckling and weaned Ames pituitary dwarf mice and normal littermates, the cyclase from the thymus and spleen of weaned dwarfs was not stimulated by 10 µM epinephrine. Thymus cyclase from normal mice was stimulated by about 300% and spleen cyclase by 150% by epinephrine. Similar results were obtained with weaned Snell-Bagg dwarf mice, although the lymphoid cell adenylate cyclases responded somewhat better to epinephrine. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of the endocrine immunodeficiency syndrome of the weaned dwarf mouse.
Immunochemical Studies of the Intramolecular Heterogeneity of the Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) of the Human Digestive System
Authors: Gold J. M. , Banjo C. , Freedman S. O. , Gold P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that in addition to the tumor-specific site on the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), this molecule also contains a blood group A-like grouping. To study the A-like site on the CEA molecule, we devised a radioimmunoassay in which anti-A antibodies were coupled to either Sepharose or Sephadex beads. The following observations were made. 1) The monosaccharide, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine was capable of inhibiting the interaction between 125I-CEA and a preparation of anti-A antibodies. 2) A glycopeptide (GP-1), containing the tumor-specific antigenic site of the CEA, which was obtained by the enzymatic degradation of the CEA molecule was capable of binding to anti-A antibodies. The ratio, by weight, of GP-1 to N-acetyl-D-galactosamine required to achieve equivalent binding was 10-3 to 10-4 to 1. GP-1 has a molecular weight of about 4000 daltons, and although it contains N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-mannose, D-galactose, and L-fucose, the glycopeptide is apparently devoid of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.
The Immune Response of Tetraparental Mice to Two Synthetic Amino Acid Polymers: “High-Conjugation” 2,4 Dinitrophenyl-Glutamic Acid57-Lysine38-Alanine5 (DNP-GLA5) and Glutamic Acid60 Alanine30 Tyrosine10 (Gat10)
Authors: Warner Carol M. , Fitzmaurice Maryann , Maurer Paul H. , Merryman Carmen F. , Schmerr Mary Jo F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Allophenic (tetraparental) mice of the following types were produced: C57BL/6J ↔ C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J ↔ DBA/1J, C3H/HeJ ↔ CF1, C3H/HeJ ↔ DBA/1J, C57BL/6J ↔ BALB/cJ, SJL/J ↔ C3H/HeJ, SJL/J ↔ DBA/2J, SJL/J ↔ C57BL/6J, and DBA/1J ↔ A/J. These mice were immunized with 35 or 77 µg of “high-conjugation” (50 to 75%) 2,4 dinitrophenyl-poly (glu57 lys38 ala5), DNP-GLA5, or with 10 µg of poly (glu60 ala30 try10), GAT10. The primary and secondary antibody responses to the DNP group or GAT10 were tested. Many of the mice expressing the presence of “responder” cells, as shown by coat color phenotype, failed to respond to these antigens. We suggest two possible explanations: 1) An allophenic mouse may need a minimum number of responder lymphoid cells in order to respond to an antigen. 2) Cross-tolerance may be responsible for the non-response to some antigens in some strains of mice.
A Comparison of the Cytolytic Action of Guinea Pig and Rabbit Complement on Sensitized Nucleated Mouse Cells
Authors: Koene Robert A. P. , McKenzie Ian F. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The efficiency of guinea pig complement (GPC) and rabbit complement (RC) was compared in a cytotoxic assay by the 51Cr release method, and with the DBA/2 leukemia L1210 as target. Alloantisera and heteroantisera, containing antibodies of defined specificity and shown to be IgG (2ME resistant), were used. When there were limiting amounts of either alloantibody or heteroantibody present, RC was clearly more efficient than GPC. In the presence of excess antibody, however, both RC and GPC behaved similarly, except that in the presence of GPC, fewer cells were lysed. This finding is related to the target cells containing a population of cells resistant to lysis with GPC, rather than to the amount of 51Cr released from each cell. When alloantisera were mixed, variable effects occurred: a) blocking or antagonistic effects occurred in all combinations in the presence of RC; with GPC, this effect was only seen in the presence of antisera to two private specificities (H-2D.4 + H-2K.31). b) Synergistic effects were noted only with GPC when there was a mixture of antibody to a private (H-2D or H-2K) specificity with that to a public specificity. In the presence of heteroantibody, either not absorbed, or absorbed to remove species-specific antibody and leave antibody to H-2.31, the ratio of the effectiveness of RC:GPC remained unaltered, indicating little or no synergism between these two antibodies and GPC. All of these findings are in substantial agreement with the concept that GPC requires the activation of two adjacent cell surface sites for cytolysis, but that RC requires only the activation of one such site.
Immunopathology of the Renal Complications of Babesiosis
Authors: Annable C. R. , Ward P. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Histologic examination of kidneys from rats infected with the hemosporidian protozoan Babesia rodhaini demonstrates the presence of a moderate, acute proliferative glomerulitis. Immunofluorescent studies establish that this renal complication is associated with glomerular deposits of IgG and the third component of complement (C3) in a pattern that is diagnostic for soluble, immune complex-induced nephritis. Acid elution of proteins from involved kidneys leads to the recovery of IgG that is reactive with babesial antigen. In the course of rat babesiosis hypocomplementemia develops, coincident with the parasitemia, severe anemia and glomerular deposits of IgG and C3.
Immunochemical Studies on Blood Groups
Authors: Feizi Ten , Kabat Elvin A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two anti-I cold agglutinins with different specificities have been linked to Sepharose to make insoluble adsorbents to isolate blood group I glycoproteins from sheep hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) and from human milk. One was anti-I Ma (group 1) whose ability to precipitate with human milk I substance distinguishes it from the other anti-I Step (group 3) which precipitates with HCF. The I antigens were absorbed to the columns at 4°C and elution occurred at 37°C without resort to dissociating agents.
Specific separation of I active material from inert material was achieved using the insoluble anti-I Ma adsorbent. With the insoluble anti-I Step adsorbent, and I + P1 blood group active fraction was separated from P1 and from the other inert materials in HCF. The I antigen eluted from the Ma column, in contrast to that eluted from the Step column, had strong reactivity with type XIV anti-pneumococcal horse serum. This is in accord with previous evidence for the βDGal(1 → 4)βDGlcNAc(1 → 6)—specificity of anti-I Ma and of its distinct difference from the determinant of anti-I Step.
The Molecular Dimensions of Guinea Pig Lymphotoxin
Authors: Gately Maurice K. , Mayer Manfred M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The molecular dimensions of guinea pig lymphotoxin were studied by means of gel filtration, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, and CsCl isopycnic ultracentrifugation. Lymphotoxin was produced by stimulating immune lymph node cells with the specific antigen, ovalbumin, and was assayed by means of a Coulter counter microassay. The D20,w of guinea pig lymphotoxin was estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 to be (8.0 ± 0.2) × 10-7 cm2/sec, and the apparent S20,w of guinea pig lymphotoxin was estimated to be 4.2 ± 0.1S by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The buoyant density of guinea pig lymphotoxin was determined to be 1.302 ± 0.002 g/ml by CsCl isopycnic ultracentrifugation. From these values the molecular weight of guinea pig lymphotoxin was calculated to be 45,000, and the frictional ratio was calculated to be 1.1. No evidence was found to indicate that more than a single factor was involved in producing the cytotoxic effect attributed to lymphotoxin.