bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety outcomes of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid depression: the ASSURE study
Authors: Kim Chungsoo , Lee Dong Yun , Park Jimyung , Yang Su-Jin , Tan Eng Hooi , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Lee Yo Han , Lee Sangha , Kim Seong-Ju , Lee Jeewon , Park Rae Woong , Shin Yunmi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to depressive disorder, and adolescents with both present poor outcomes. However, evidence for the safety of concomitantly using a methylphenidate (MPH) and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) among adolescent ADHD patients is limited, a literature gap aimed to address through this investigation.MethodsWe conducted a new-user cohort study using a nationwide claims database in South Korea. We identified a study population as adolescents who were diagnosed both ADHD and depressive disorder. MPH-only users were compared with patients who prescribed both a SSRI and a MPH. Fluoxetine and escitalopram users were also compared to find a preferable treatment option. Thirteen outcomes including neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, and other events were assessed, taking respiratory tract infection as a negative control outcome. We matched the study groups using a propensity score and used the Cox proportional hazard model to calculate the hazard ratio. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted in various epidemiologic settings.ResultsThe risks of all the outcomes between the MPH-only and SSRI groups were not significantly different. Regarding SSRI ingredients, the risk of tic disorder was significantly lower in the fluoxetine group than the escitalopram group [HR 0.43 (0.25–0.71)]. However, there was no significant difference in other outcomes between the fluoxetine and escitalopram groups.ConclusionThe concomitant use of MPHs and SSRIs showed generally safe profiles in adolescent ADHD patients with depression. Most of the differences between fluoxetine and escitalopram, except those concerning tic disorder, were not significant.
Prospects and possibilities for interfaith environmentalism
Authors: McKim Robert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article probes some philosophical issues that pertain to interfaith environmental collaboration. I distinguish some forms of interfaith environmentalism, starting with a form that is relatively easy for religious communities to pursue and that appears straightforward and easy to understand. Then I propose that even this easily pursued type of collaboration has interesting components that may not be obvious at first glance, including various sorts of mutual recognition. In addition, this sort of collaboration beckons those who engage in it to take various additional steps, some of which have to do with mutual understanding and mutual enrichment. Next I turn to forms of interfaith collaboration that some religious communities and religious traditions will find challenging. In the final sections I consider the possibility that environmentally constructive religious perspectives might emerge from interfaith collaboration and I consider forms of interfaith collaboration that involve religious exploration. At the end I consider the implications of the fact that to date the religions have generally failed to undertake the robust large-scale interfaith collaboration that the environmental crisis requires.
A closed-form approximation for pricing spread options on futures under a mean-reverting spot price model with multiscale stochastic volatility
Authors: Baek Seung-Yong , Kim Jeong-Hoon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCommodity spot prices tend to revert to some long-term mean level and most commodity derivatives are based on futures prices, not on spot prices. So, we consider spread options on futures instead of spot or spot index, where the log spot price follows a mean-reverting process. The volatility of the mean-reverting process is driven by two different (fast and slow) scale factors. We use asymptotic analysis to obtain a closed-form approximation of the futures prices and a closed-form formula for the approximate prices of spread options on the futures. The overall improvement of our analytic formula over the classical Kirk–Bjerksund–Sternsland (KBS) formula is discussed via numerical experiments.
“To Save the Benefit of the Act of Parliamt”: Mapping an Early American Copyright
Authors: Slonimsky Nora 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile the reach of Parliament was hotly contested in eighteenth-century America, there was one Act in particular that proved especially complicated for geographer Lewis Evans and his daughter, Amelia Evans Barry. Believing that English copyright law did not extend to Philadelphia in the 1750s, Lewis Evans drew on a variety of tools and circumstances to, in essence, craft his own interpretation of what benefits of copyright he and his family could obtain. Rather than formal copyright disputes involving legal documentation, this particular episode focused on other aspects of A General Map of the Middle British Colonies, In America. Inheriting the copyright to A General Map from her father, Amelia Evans Barry in turn sought to enforce and recreate a claim to literary labor over subsequent decades. The result was a unique story of copyright’s origins in America that also underscored the challenge of enforcing structures of power and perceptions of authority, particularly over geographic media, in the British empire. The boundaries of jurisdiction and sovereignty, the same ones depicted in A General Map, were that much more difficult to enforce when it came to intellectual property.
Iatrogenic or predetermined aortic dysplasia?
Authors: Wang Zhongchao , Wang Qiguang , Zhu Xianyang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoarctation of aorta post-transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus is rare. We report a special case of infant with patent ductus arteriosus complicated by bicuspid aortic valve, who presented severe coarctation of aorta and aortic valve dysfunction post-patent ductus arteriosus occlusion during follow-up, eventually receiving surgical operations. A genetic rather than iatrogenic predisposition towards post-procedural complications has been discussed.
Crossing a Virtual Divide: Wargaming as a Remote Teaching Tool
Authors: Harris Benjamin Norwood , Freeman Suzanne 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIn Fall 2020, political science instructors at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) partnered to conduct a virtual-learning wargame centered on Taiwan. This article presents its design and execution along with the results from pre- and post-game surveys and interviews with the participants that were conducted to measure the achievement of its learning objectives. The game conduct and empirical results demonstrate two main findings. First, wargames are effective tools of active learning that aid in classroom instruction and grab the attention of students—even over Zoom—in a way that traditional methods of instruction do not. Second, wargames can bridge gaps between different fields. The MIT–NPS wargame tackled the civil–military divide by bringing together military officers at NPS and academics from MIT. These results show that wargaming holds promise as a bridge-building tool of instruction that can engage students, scholars, and practitioners in achieving positive learning outcomes.
Hard Work and You Can’t Get It: An International Comparative Analysis of Gender, Career Aspirations, and Preparedness Among Politics and International Relations PhD Students
Authors: Casey Daniel , Rutledge-Prior Serrin , Young Lisa , Malloy Jonathan , Berdahl Loleen 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTDo all PhD students aspire to an academic career? Do PhD programs appropriately prepare students for the realities of the job market? There is a well-established gap between political science PhD graduates and tenure-track academic postings. The mismatch between PhD graduates and academic positions may point to alternative models of doctoral education as a possible solution. However, the survey of Canadian and Australian PhD students described in this article suggests that issues and challenges are common regardless of the model of doctoral education. Canadian PhDs report more mentoring activity, but they also are more fixated on securing academic positions. However, we find important gender differences across countries: men are more interested in an academic career and only a (disproportionately male) minority is confident that they will succeed in securing a faculty career. This raises questions about diversity in the future of the profession. This research suggests that although students have different experiences under different doctoral models, issues of academic jobs and a mismatch are common in both systems.
A Synthetic Spring‐Neap Tidal Cycle for Long‐Term Morphodynamic Models
Authors: Schrijvershof R. A. , van Maren D. S. , Torfs P. J. J. F. , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExisting tidal input reduction approaches applied in accelerated morphodynamic simulations aim to capture the dominant tidal forces in a single or double representative tidal cycle, often referred to as a “morphological tide.” These strongly simplified tidal signals fail to represent the tidal extremes and hence poorly allow to represent hydrodynamics in the intertidal areas. Here, a generic method is developed to construct a synthetic spring‐neap tidal cycle that (a) represents the original signal; (b) is exactly periodic; and (c) is derived directly from tidal time series or harmonic constituents. The starting point is a fortnightly modulation of the semidiurnal tide to represent spring‐neap variations, while conserving periodicity. Diurnal tides and higher harmonics of the semidiurnal tide are included to represent the asymmetry of the tide. The amplitudes and phases of the synthetic signal are then fitted to histograms of water levels and water level gradients derived from the original sea surface elevation time series. A depth‐averaged model of the Ems estuary (The Netherlands) demonstrates the effects of alternative tidal input reduction techniques. Adopting the new approach, the along‐estuary variation in tidal wave shape is well‐represented, leading to an improved representation of extreme tidal conditions. Especially the more realistic representation of intertidal dynamics improves the overall hydrodynamics and residual sand transport patterns, approaching nonschematized tidal dynamics.
Simulation of Freeze–Thaw and Melting of Buried Ice in Longbasaba Moraine Dam in the Central Himalayas Between 1959 and 2100 Using COMSOL Multiphysics
Authors: Wang Jia , Wang Xin , Zhang Yanlin , Ran Weijie , Zhang Yong , Wei Junfeng , Liu Qiao , Lei Dongyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPermafrost degradation increases the likelihood of glacial lake outburst floods on the Tibetan Plateau. Analyses of the freeze–thaw conditions in moraine dams and associated impacts on dam stability contribute toward reducing natural hazard risks. We used the heat transfer module of COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the soil temperature field in the Longbasaba moraine dam, which is on the northern slope of central Himalaya. There is close agreement between the simulated and observed soil temperature values. Root mean squared errors (the square root of the mean of the square of all of the error) are below 1.30°C and mean bias errors vary from −0.10 to −0.52°C for the different soil layers. Between 1959 and 2020, active layer thickness increased at a mean annual rate of 0.024 m a−1. Under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 scenarios, the buried ice inside the moraine dam is clearly melting. The maximum‐buried ice thaw depth is currently 3.4 m and at the end of the 21st century is projected to be 9.53, 16.69, and 21.83 m under SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, and SSP5‐8.5, which indicates a continuous decrease in moraine dam stability.
Bayesian Calibration Points to Misconceptions in Three‐Dimensional Hydrodynamic Reservoir Modeling
Authors: Schwindt Sebastian , Callau Medrano Sergio , Mouris Kilian , Beckers Felix , Haun Stefan , Nowak Wolfgang , Wieprecht Silke , Oladyshkin Sergey 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3d) numerical models are state‐of‐the‐art for investigating complex hydrodynamic flow patterns in reservoirs and lakes. Such full‐complexity models are computationally demanding and their calibration is challenging regarding time, subjective decision‐making, and measurement data availability. In addition, physically unrealistic model assumptions or combinations of calibration parameters may remain undetected and lead to overfitting. In this study, we investigate if and how so‐called Bayesian calibration aids in characterizing faulty model setups driven by measurement data and calibration parameter combinations. Bayesian calibration builds on recent developments in machine learning and uses a Gaussian process emulator as a surrogate model, which runs considerably faster than a 3d numerical model. We Bayesian‐calibrate a Delft3D‐FLOW model of a pump‐storage reservoir as a function of the background horizontal eddy viscosity and diffusivity, and initial water temperature profile. We consider three scenarios with varying degrees of faulty assumptions and different uses of flow velocity and water temperature measurements. One of the scenarios forces completely unrealistic, rapid lake stratification and still yields similarly good calibration accuracy as more correct scenarios regarding global statistics, such as the root‐mean‐square error. An uncertainty assessment resulting from the Bayesian calibration indicates that the completely unrealistic scenario forces fast lake stratification through highly uncertain mixing‐related model parameters. Thus, Bayesian calibration describes the quality of calibration and correctness of model assumptions through geometric characteristics of posterior distributions. For instance, most likely calibration parameter values (posterior distribution maxima) at the calibration range limit or with widespread uncertainty characterize poor model assumptions and calibration.
Effects of Soil Particle Size on Relationship Between Mound‐Puddle Type Microtopography Roughness and Soil Erosion Rate on a Hillslope Basin: Hairsine–Rose Model Analysis
Authors: Kim Soyoung , Jeong Minyeob , Kim Jongho , Kim Dae‐Hong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe effects of microtopography on erosion remain uncertain, and contradictory findings have been reported in past decades, hindering full understanding and accurate prediction of the quantity and quality of soil erosion caused by rainfall‐runoff. In this study, we applied a dynamic wave and Hairsine‐Rose model simulator on hillslopes composed of various sizes of mounds and puddles. For the tested soil particles whose settling velocity is and rainfall intensity of , we found that soil erosion quantity is significantly affected by microtopographic roughness, even under the same rainfall‐runoff conditions. In addition, we found that soil particle size can potentially determine whether there is a direct or inverse proportionality relationship between microtopographic roughness and soil erosion rate on hillslopes. That is, when the land surface layer is composed of relatively small soil particles, rough microtopographies accelerate soil erosion rates compared to smooth microtopographies. In contrast, when it is composed of large soil particles, soil erosion increases more on smooth microtopographies than on rough microtopographies, at least under the tested conditions. Finally, it was revealed that the progress of the microtopographic scale armoring process is closely related to the microtopographic roughness as well as the grain size. Thus, to appropriately consider the role of microtopography in soil erosion problems, the processes of pickup, advection, and deposition related to armoring must be physically considered. Without sufficient information on these features, low prediction accuracy is expected, not only of the quantity but also in the quality of soil erosion.
Amplified therapeutic targets in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma – a review of the literature with quantitative appraisal
Authors: Talbot Thomas , Lu Haonan , Aboagye Eric O. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is a unique cancer characterised by universal TP53 mutations and widespread copy number alterations. These copy number alterations include deletion of tumour suppressors and amplification of driver oncogenes. Given their key oncogenic roles, amplified driver genes are often proposed as therapeutic targets. For example, development of anti-HER2 agents has been clinically successful in treatment of ERBB2-amplified tumours. A wide scope of preclinical work has since investigated numerous amplified genes as potential therapeutic targets in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. However, variable experimental procedures (e.g., choice of cell lines), ambiguous phenotypes or lack of validation hinders further clinical translation of many targets. In this review, we collate the genes proposed to be amplified therapeutic targets in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, and quantitatively appraise the evidence in support of each candidate gene. Forty-four genes are found to have evidence as amplified therapeutic targets; the five highest scoring genes are CCNE1, PAX8, URI1, PRKCI and FAL1. This review generates an up-to-date list of amplified therapeutic target candidates for further development and proposes comprehensive criteria to assist amplified therapeutic target discovery in the future.
Identification of G protein subunit alpha i2 as a promising therapeutic target of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Minbin , Li Zhifei , Gu Chengtao , Zheng Hao , Chen Yan , Cheng Long 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem. Its incidence and mortality are increasing. Exploring novel therapeutic targets against HCC is important and urgent. We here explored the expression and potential function of Gαi2 (G protein subunit alpha i2) in HCC. The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) database shows that the number of Gαi2 transcripts in HCC tissues is significantly higher than that in the normal liver tissues. Moreover, Gαi2 overexpression in HCC correlates with poor prognosis of the patients. Gαi2 mRNA and protein expression are also elevated in local HCC tissues and different human HCC cells. In patient-derived primary HCC cells and immortalized HepG2 cells, Gαi2 silencing (by targeted shRNA) or knockout (KO, by the dCas9-sgRNA method) largely suppressed cell proliferation and motility, while inducing cell cycle arrest and caspase-apoptosis activation. Moreover, Gαi2 silencing or KO-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative injury in primary and HepG2 HCC cells. Whereas different antioxidants ameliorated Gαi2-shRNA-induced anti-HCC cell activity. Using a lentiviral construct, Gαi2 overexpression further augmented proliferation and motility of primary and immortalized HCC cells. Further studies revealed that the binding between the transcription factor early growth response zinc finger transcription factor 1 (EGR1) and Gαi2 DNA promoter was significantly increased in HCC tissues and cells. In vivo, intratumoral injection of Gαi2 shRNA adeno-associated virus significantly hindered HCC xenograft growth in nude mice. Moreover, the growth of Gαi2-KO HCC xenografts in the nude mice was remarkably slow. Gαi2 depletion, oxidative injury, and apoptosis induction were detected in Gαi2-silenced or Gαi2-KO HCC xenografts. Together, overexpressed Gαi2 is required for HCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo, representing as a novel and promising diagnosis marker and therapeutic target of HCC.
A regulatory network controlling ovarian granulosa cell death
Authors: Yang Liu , Du Xing , Wang Siqi , Lin Chenggang , Li Qiqi , Li Qifa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFollicular atresia triggered by granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis severely reduces female fertility and accelerates reproductive aging. GC apoptosis is a complex process regulated by multiple factors, regulatory axes, and signaling pathways. Here, we report a novel, small regulatory network involved in GC apoptosis and follicular atresia. miR-187, a miRNA down-regulated during follicular atresia in sows, maintains TGFBR2 mRNA stability in sow GCs by directly binding to its 5’-UTR. miR-187 activates the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and suppresses GC apoptosis via TGFBR2 activation. NORHA, a pro-apoptotic lncRNA expressed in sow GCs, inhibits TGFBR2-mediated activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway by sponging miR-187. In contrast, NORFA, a functional lncRNA associated with sow follicular atresia and GC apoptosis, enhances miR-187 and TGFBR2 expression by inhibiting NORHA and activating NFIX. Our findings define a simple regulatory network that controls GC apoptosis and follicular atresia, providing new insights into the mechanisms of GC apoptosis, follicular atresia, and female fertility.
Characteristic changes in the structures and properties of polyimides induced by very high pressures up to 8 GPa
Authors: Ando Shinji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVarious in situ measurement techniques have been applied to investigate changes in the three-dimensional structures and the properties of fully aromatic polymers (mainly aromatic polyimides: PIs) generated at very high pressures up to 8 GPa. In particular, significant changes occurred in the ordered structures, aggregation states, electronic structures, and intermolecular interactions in the repeating units of the PI molecular chains and were observed by applying pressure with a high-pressure optical cell (up to 0.4 GPa, ca. 4000 atm) or a diamond anvil cell (DAC, up to 8.0 GPa, ca. 80,000 atm). In addition, the structural changes in the PI molecular chain repeating units and interchain distances induced by the ultrahigh pressures were observed with wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and they were compared and contrasted with optical absorption, fluorescent and phosphorescent emission spectra, infrared absorption spectra, and refractive indexes observed under the same conditions. These findings obtained at very high pressures provide molecular design guidelines for new PI materials with novel optical, electronic, and thermal functionalities that are not easy to achieve under ambient conditions.