bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical analysis of cracking and tension stiffening in UHPFRC under high‐cycle fatigue
Authors: Sepulveda B. D. G. , Visintin P. , Sturm A. B. , Oehlers D. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTension‐stiffening controls the serviceability behavior of concrete structures as it is responsible for crack formation and, consequently, the deflection of beams. In fiber reinforced concrete, such as ultra‐high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC), fibers bridge cracks and thereby transfer tensile stresses across the cracked region, allowing for tensile stresses to be carried by the concrete within the cracked region. Due to structures being designed for longer design lives, the consideration of long‐term effects such as fatigue is required. Much research has examined tension‐stiffening under fatigue when subjected to low cyclic loading, but very little has considered the effects of high‐cycle fatigue, especially for UHPFRC. This paper presents the results of nine UHPFRC tension‐stiffening tests under high‐cycle fatigue in which the crack formation and development under varying cyclic ranges were studied. Specimens were subjected to as many as 5.7 million cycles, and crack readings were taken during each test. The experimental results demonstrate the random nature of cracking on UHPFRC as well as the increase in the crack width under cyclic loads. Finally, this research described the extension of an existing partial‐interaction mechanics model to allow for the stress in the fibers and the increase in crack width due to high cycle fatigue.
Understanding how student‐constructed stop‐motion animations promote mechanistic reasoning: A theoretical framework and empirical evidence
Authors: Bachtiar Rayendra Wahyu , Meulenbroeks Ralph F. G. , van Joolingen Wouter R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have documented the promising results from student‐constructed representations, including stop‐motion animation (SMA), in supporting mechanistic reasoning (MR), which is considered an essential thinking skill in science education. Our current study presents theoretically and empirically how student‐constructed SMA contributes to promoting MR. As a theoretical perspective, we propose a framework hypothesizing the link between elements of MR and the construction nature of SMA, that is, chunking and sequencing. We then examined the extent to which this framework was consistent with a multiple‐case study in the domain of static electricity involving five secondary school students constructing and using their own SMA creation for reasoning. In addition, students' reasoning in pre‐ and postconstruction of an SMA was examined. Our empirical findings confirmed our framework by showing that all students identified the basic elements of MR, that is, entities and activities of entities, when engaging in chunking and sequencing. Chunking played a role in facilitating students to identify entities responsible for electrostatic phenomena, and sequencing seemed to elicit students to specify activities of these entities. The analysis of students' reasoning in pre‐ and postconstruction of SMA found that student‐generated SMA has a potential effect on students' retention of the use of MR. Implications for instruction with SMA construction to support MR are discussed.
Evaluation of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: development and external validation of a model
Authors: Kalisvaart Gijsbert M. , Van Den Berghe Thomas , Grootjans Willem , Lejoly Maryse , Huysse Wouter C. J. , Bovée Judith V. M. G. , Creytens David , Gelderblom Hans , Speetjens Frank M. , Lapeire Lore , van de Sande Michiel A. J. , Sys Gwen , de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee , Verstraete Koenraad L. , Bloem Johan L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To identify which dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-)MRI features best predict histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with an osteosarcoma.

Methods
Patients with osteosarcoma who underwent DCE-MRI before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to resection were retrospectively included at two different centers. Data from the center with the larger cohort (training cohort) was used to identify which method for region-of-interest selection (whole slab or focal area method) and which change in DCE-MRI features (time to enhancement, wash-in rate, maximum relative enhancement and area under the curve) gave the most accurate prediction of histological response. Models were created using logistic regression and cross-validated. The most accurate model was then externally validated using data from the other center (test cohort).

Results
Fifty-five (27 poor response) and 30 (19 poor response) patients were included in training and test cohorts, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient of relative DCE-MRI features ranged 0.81–0.97 with the whole slab and 0.57–0.85 with the focal area segmentation method. Poor histological response was best predicted with the whole slab segmentation method using a single feature threshold, relative wash-in rate <2.3. Mean accuracy was 0.85 (95%CI: 0.75–0.95), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-index) was 0.93 (95%CI: 0.86–1.00). In external validation, accuracy and AUC-index were 0.80 and 0.80.

Conclusion
In this study, a relative wash-in rate of <2.3 determined with the whole slab segmentation method predicted histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. Consistent performance was observed in an external test cohort.
Frequency and predictors of concurrent complications in multi-suture release for syndromic craniosynostosis
Authors: Rajkumar Sujay , Ikeda Daniel S. , Scanlon Michaela , Shields Margaret , Kestle John R. , Plonsker Jillian , Brandel Michael , Gonda David D. , Levy Michael , Lucas Donald J. , Choi Pamela M. , Ravindra Vijay M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Understanding the complication profile of craniosynostosis surgery is important, yet little is known about complication co-occurrence in syndromic children after multi-suture craniosynostosis surgery. We examined concurrent perioperative complications and predictive factors in this population.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, children with syndromic diagnoses and multi-suture involvement who underwent craniosynostosis surgery in 2012–2020 were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database. The primary outcome was concurrent complications; factors associated with concurrent complications were identified. Correlations between complications and patient outcomes were assessed.

Results
Among 5,848 children identified, 161 children (2.75%) had concurrent complications: 129 (2.21%) experienced two complications and 32 (0.55%) experienced ≥ 3. The most frequent complication was bleeding/transfusion (69.53%). The most common concurrent complications were transfusion/superficial infection (27.95%) and transfusion/deep incisional infection (13.04%) or transfusion/sepsis (13.04%). Two cardiac factors (major cardiac risk factors (odds ratio (OR) 3.50 [1.92–6.38]) and previous cardiac surgery (OR 4.87 [2.36–10.04])), two pulmonary factors (preoperative ventilator dependence (OR 3.27 [1.16–9.21]) and structural pulmonary/airway abnormalities (OR 2.89 [2.05–4.08])), and preoperative nutritional support (OR 4.05 [2.34–7.01]) were independently associated with concurrent complications. Children who received blood transfusion had higher odds of deep surgical site infection (OR 4.62 [1.08–19.73]; p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that several cardiac and pulmonary risk factors, along with preoperative nutritional support, were independently associated with concurrent complications but procedural factors were not. This information can help inform presurgical counseling and preoperative risk stratification in this population.
Perfect Matchings with Crossings
Authors: Aichholzer Oswin , Fabila-Monroy Ruy , Kindermann Philipp , Parada Irene , Paul Rosna , Perz Daniel , Schnider Patrick , Vogtenhuber Birgit 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor sets of n points, n even, in general position in the plane, we consider straight-line drawings of perfect matchings on them. It is well known that such sets admit at least $$C_{n/2}$$

C

n
/
2

different plane perfect matchings, where $$C_{n/2}$$

C

n
/
2

is the n/2-th Catalan number. Generalizing this result we are interested in the number of drawings of perfect matchings which have k crossings. We show the following results. (1) For every $$k\le \frac{1}{64}n^2-\frac{35}{32}n\sqrt{n}+\frac{1225}{64}n$$

k
≤

1
64

n
2

-

35
32

n

n

+

1225
64

n

, any set with n points, n sufficiently large, admits a perfect matching with exactly k crossings. (2) There exist sets of n points where every perfect matching has at most $$\frac{5}{72}n^2-\frac{n}{4}$$

5
72

n
2

-

n
4

crossings. (3) The number of perfect matchings with at most k crossings is superexponential in n if k is superlinear in n. (4) Point sets in convex position minimize the number of perfect matchings with at most k crossings for $$k=0,1,2$$

k
=
0
,
1
,
2

, and maximize the number of perfect matchings with $$\left( {\begin{array}{c}n/2\\ 2\end{array}}\right) $$

n
/
2

2

crossings and with $${\left( {\begin{array}{c}n/2\\ 2\end{array}}\right) }\!-\!1$$

n
/
2

2

-

1

crossings.
Generalised intermediate dimensions
Authors: Banaji Amlan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe introduce a family of dimensions, which we call the$$\Phi $$Φ-intermediate dimensions, that lie between the Hausdorff and box dimensions and generalise the intermediate dimensions introduced by Falconer, Fraser and Kempton. This is done by restricting the relative sizes of the covering sets in a way that allows for greater refinement than in the definition of the intermediate dimensions. We also extend the theory from Euclidean space to a wider class of metric spaces. We prove that these dimensions can be used to ‘recover the interpolation’ between the Hausdorff and box dimensions of compact subsets for which the intermediate dimensions are discontinuous at$$\theta =0$$θ=0, thus providing finer geometric information about such sets. We prove continuity-like results involving the Assouad and lower dimensions, which give a sharp general lower bound for the intermediate dimensions that is positive for all$$\theta \in (0,1]$$θ∈(0,1]for sets with positive box dimension. We also prove Hölder distortion estimates, a mass distribution principle, and a Frostman type lemma, which we use to study dimensions of product sets.
Cerebral perfusion changes in acute subdural hematoma
Authors: Winkler J. , Piedade G. S. , Rubbert C. , Hofmann B. B. , Kamp M. A. , Slotty P. J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) is one of the main causes of high mortality and morbidity in traumatic brain injury. Prognosis is poor due to the rapid volume shift and mass effect. Cerebral perfusion is likely affected in this condition. This study quantifies perfusion changes in aSDH using early ER polytrauma CT with perfusion imaging (CTP).

Methods
Data of 54 patients with traumatic aSDH were retrospectively collected. Glasgow Coma scale (GCS), perfusion parameters, therapeutic decisions and imaging data including hematoma thickness, midline shift, and hematoma localization were analyzed. The cortical perfusion parameters of each hemisphere, the area anterior to the hematoma (AAH), area below the hematoma (ABH), area posterior to the hematoma (PAH), and corresponding mirrored contralateral regions were determined.

Results
We found a significant difference in Tmax in affected and unaffected whole-hemisphere data (mean 4.0 s vs. 3.3 s, p < 0.05) and a significantly different mean for Tmax in ABH and for the corresponding mirrored area (mABH) (mean 3.8 s vs. 3.1 s, p < 0.05). No significant perfusion changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT) were found.

Conclusion
There was a significant elevation of time to maximum (Tmax) values in the underlying cortical area of aSDH. Possible pathophysiological explanations, the influence on immediate surgical decision-making and further therapeutic consequences have to be evaluated.
Transport of Gaussian measures with exponential cut-off for Hamiltonian PDEs
Authors: Genovese Giuseppe , Lucà Renato , Tzvetkov Nikolay 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe show that introducing an exponential cut-off on a suitable Sobolev norm facilitates the proof of quasi-invariance of Gaussian measures with respect to Hamiltonian PDE flows and allows us to establish the exact Jacobi formula for the density. We exploit this idea in two different contexts, namely the periodic fractional Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (BBM) equation with dispersion β > 1 and the periodic one-dimensional quintic defocussing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS). For the BBM equation we study the transport of the cut-off Gaussian measures on fractional Sobolev spaces, while for the NLS equation we study the measures based on the modified energies introduced by Planchon–Visciglia and the third author. Moreover, for the BBM equation we also show almost sure global well-posedness for data in $${C^\alpha }(\mathbb{T})$$

C
α

(
T
)
for arbitrarily small α > 0 and invariance of the Gaussian measure associated with the $${H^{\beta /2}}(\mathbb{T})$$

H

β
/
2

(
T
)
norm.
Medieval migrations and the birth of modern British peoples: a craniometric approach
Authors: Valoriani Satu , Irish Joel D. , King Megan , Borrini Matteo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCraniometric characteristics have long been used to reconstruct among-group variation, potential migration routes and ancestral origins. This study presents results of the comparison of 946 individuals from 16 British medieval sites using craniometric analyses. The purpose is to determine: 1) if observable cranial variation exists among British medieval groups, 2) whether it can best be detected from neurocranial or facial measurements, and 3) the potential causes of these differences.The data were analyzed with multivariate statistical analyses. A selection of 18 variables recorded on each cranium was used for comparison among separately pooled males and females for each site. Principal component analysis was carried out on the mean measurements for these pooled samples to detect differences.The results support findings from previous studies indicating a observable difference in measurements among British samples. Male and female samples follow the same grouping pattern, indicating the validity of the statistical analysis. Both neurocranial and facial measurements contribute to the variability of the groups analyzed.The differences in craniometric measurements are likely determined by immigration from other European areas. Samples from British towns where migration occurred more frequently during and before the Middle Ages (i.e., Hythe, London and Scarborough) support this difference. These towns were major ports, and the movement of people was frequent, with various migrant groups selectively populating them (e.g., Scandinavian, Icelandic, Flemish, French). This is supported by correspondence of the results with historical and archaeological records.
Smart power management strategy controlling domestic solar solutions in sub-Saharan countries
Authors: Borujeni Masoud Salehi , Ofetotse Eng L. , Muhumuza Ronald , Pugsley Adrian , Smyth Mervyn , Mondol Jayanta , Nebel Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLimitations such as maximum power consumption during peak hours, scheduled load shedding and unplanned brownouts are problems of weak and stressed electricity grids. To compensate for such shortage of energy, the usage of renewable energies is a solution delivering increased reliability for consumers. Although sub-Saharan African countries suffer from unreliable grids, they benefit from large amounts of solar radiation throughout the year. Therefore, domestic solar systems including photovoltaic panels, battery storage and solar water heating are attractive solutions to supply affordable and reliable energy and hot water for consumers. However, to deliver the best management of the electrical loads in the face of unplanned brownouts, a smart power management strategy is required. Consequently, the proposed strategy relies on the predicted values of power generation and power consumption to autonomously control the system in both on-grid and off-grid modes. This method is evaluated using a case study relying on the measured electrical load and the hot water consumption data of a low-income house in Botswana. Results show that in addition to delivering sustainable support for the utility grid by decreasing the power consumption in peak hours, the proposed method reduces annual consumer electricity bill by 64% and increases the reliability of electricity supply from 95.5 to 99.5%. Thereby providing affordable and reliable solution to unreliable power supply due to stressed grids.
The Law Is Elastic but Does Not Bend: A Literal Interpretation of European Union Chemical Legislation Could Leave Health and the Environment Unprotected
Authors: Ribes Ortega Carme 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis piece addresses Case C-458/19 P before the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) concerning a substance of long-term exposure, namely bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). The case concerned the interplay of two complex procedures of European chemical law, namely: the procedure for authorising the use of a substance listed in Annex XIV of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH Regulation); and the procedure for listing a substance in Annex XIV of the REACH Regulation on the basis of its intrinsic properties as a substance of very high concern for the risks it poses, or may pose, to human and environmental health. The significance of this judgment is that it provides a better understanding of how Article 60(4) of the REACH Regulation is interpreted in an analogous manner in relation to other provisions of the same Regulation. Whether DEHP is a question of reproductive toxicity (Article 57(c) of the REACH Regulation) or endocrine-disrupting properties (Article 57(f) of the REACH Regulation), this judgment offers insights into the limits of the CJEU’s willingness and/or ability to use a teleological approach to interpret legislation in this area. Furthermore, this work supports the possibility of applying the principle of intergenerational equity to issues related to long-term exposure such as this one.
Rise of Siddha medicine: causes and constructions in the Madras Presidency (1920–1930s)
Authors: Kanagarathinam D. V. , Lourdusamy John Bosco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis essay aims to situate the emergence of Siddha medicine as a separate medical system in the erstwhile Madras Presidency of colonial India within a broader socio-economic context. Scholars who have worked on Siddha medicine have stressed more on political dimensions like nationalism and sub-nationalism with inadequate attention to the interplay of various (other) factors including contemporary global developments, changes in the attitude of the colonial State and especially to the new promises held by the greater deference shown to indigenous medical systems from the 1920s. If the construction of ‘national medicine’ based on the Sanskrit texts and the accompanying marginalisation of regional texts and practices were the only reasons for the emergence of Siddha medicine as presented by scholars, it leaves open the question as to why this emergence happened only during the third decade of the twentieth century, though the marginalisation processes started during the first decade itself. This paper seeks to find an answer by analysing the formation of Siddha medical identity beyond the frameworks of nationalism and sub-nationalism. Further, it explicates how material factors served as immediate cause along with the other, and more ideational factors related to the rise of the Dravidian political and cultural movement.
A cyclostratigraphic framework of the Upper Carboniferous Westoe and Cleaver formations in the southern North Sea Basin as a methodology for stratigraphic reservoir characterisation
Authors: Baars Timothy F. , Huis in ‘t Veld Richard , Zhang Linzhi , Koopmans Maaike , McLean Duncan , Martinius Allard W. , Abels Hemmo A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Orbital driven climate control on sedimentation produces regional, stratigraphically repetitive characters and so cyclostratigraphic correlation can improve correlation and identify stratigraphic trends in borehole sections. This concept is commonly used to correlate marine and lacustrine strata. However, in the alluvial domain, its use is more challenging because internal, local dynamics controlling sedimentation may interfere with the expression of cyclic climate forcing. Intervals of low net-to-gross may be important for successful application in this domain as they tend to better document regional changes. This study applies climate-based stratigraphic correlation concepts to improve well correlations, characterise vertical sand distribution, and identify potential reservoir targets in a generally low net-to-gross interval. Coarsening upward sedimentary repetitions (cyclothems) are identified and correlated with high certainty in nineteen well sections in the upper Carboniferous Westoe and Cleaver formations of the Silverpit Basin. Local sedimentary dynamics provide variability in the character of the cyclothems and several types of cyclothem are classified. Correlation of sections using cyclothems recognised on wireline logs is done twice: once manually and once semi-automatically. The semi-automated correlation is based on calculation of deviation curves which depict stratigraphic changes that are less dependent on absolute wireline values and follow vertical trends more clearly. The correlations provide composite stratigraphies that are analysed using vertical proportions curves. Both approaches yield similar results in terms of stratigraphic trends. However, for detailed correlation of wells, the manual correlation is better at accounting for any local variability within the system. The same two zones of higher net-to-gross ratios are found using both correlation methods. These are linked to palaeoclimatic changes driven by long eccentricity and the proposed climate stratigraphic model has predictive value for identifying sandstone occurrence. The climate-based stratigraphic correlation improves the assessment reservoir distribution and properties on small (10–20 m thickness) and large (100–200 m thickness) stratigraphical scales.
Legislators' Emotional Engagement with Women's Issues: Gendered Patterns of Vocal Pitch in the German Bundestag
Authors: Rittmann Oliver 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThrough an innovative analysis of audio recordings of plenary speeches, Dietrich, Hayes, and O'Brien (2019) find that women in the U.S. House of Representatives speak with greater emotional intensity about women than other issues. With vocal pitch as a new measure of personal issue commitment, the finding suggests that women legislators' efforts to work on behalf of women result from intrinsic motivation. I ask whether the same is true in an alternative parliamentary setting, the German Bundestag, where personal preferences play a very different role due to strict party discipline. The answer is yes. Analyzing audio and text data from more than 30,000 speeches in the Bundestag between 2011 and 2020, I find that women in the Bundestag address women more frequently and with greater emotional intensity than men. The results suggest that women legislators are more emotionally invested in women-related issues than men.