bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Outcomes in High‐Gradient, Classical Low‐Flow, Low‐Gradient, and Paradoxical Low‐Flow, Low‐Gradient Aortic Stenosis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Report From the SwissTAVI Registry
Authors: Wagener Max , Reuthebuch Oliver , Heg Dik , Tüller David , Ferrari Enrico , Grünenfelder Jürg , Huber Christoph , Moarof Igal , Muller Olivier , Nietlispach Fabian , Noble Stéphane , Roffi Marco , Taramasso Maurizio , Templin Christian , Toggweiler Stefan , Wenaweser Peter , Windecker Stephan , Stortecky Stefan , Jeger Raban 
Published: June 2023

Background
In view of the rising global burden of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, its early recognition and treatment is key. Although patients with classical low‐flow, low‐gradient (C‐LFLG) aortic stenosis have higher rates of death after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) when compared with patients with high‐gradient (HG) aortic stenosis, there is conflicting evidence on the death rate in patients with severe paradoxical low‐flow, low‐gradient (P‐LFLG) aortic stenosis. Therefore, we aimed to compare outcomes in real‐world patients with severe HG, C‐LFLG, and P‐LFLG aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI.

Methods and Results

Clinical outcomes up to 5 years were addressed in the 3 groups of patients enrolled in the prospective, national, multicenter SwissTAVI registry. A total of 8914 patients undergoing TAVI at 15 heart valve centers in Switzerland were analyzed for the purpose of this study. We observed a significant difference in time to death at 1 year after TAVI, with the lowest observed in HG (8.8%) aortic stenosis, followed by P‐LFLG (11.5%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.35 [95% CI, 1.16–1.56];
P
<0.001) and C‐LFLG (19.8%; HR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.64–2.26];
P
<0.001) aortic stenosis. Cardiovascular death showed similar differences between the groups. At 5 years, the all‐cause death rate was 44.4% in HG, 52.1% in P‐LFLG (HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.23–1.48];
P
<0.001), and 62.8% in C‐LFLG aortic stenosis (HR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.54–1.88];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Up to 5 years after TAVI, patients with P‐LFLG have higher death rates than patients with HG aortic stenosis but lower death rates than patients with C‐LFLG aortic stenosis.
Geographic Variation in Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Association With Health Care Accessibility in Beijing, 2007 to 2018
Authors: Chang Jie , Deng Qiuju , Hu Piaopiao , Guo Moning , Lu Feng , Su Yuwei , Sun Jiayi , Qi Yue , Long Ying , Liu Jing 
Published: June 2023

Background
Little is known about geographic variation in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality within fast‐developing megacities and whether changes in health care accessibility correspond to changes in AMI mortality at the small‐area level.

Methods and Results
We included data of 94 106 AMI deaths during 2007 to 2018 from the Beijing Cardiovascular Disease Surveillance System in this ecological study. We estimated AMI mortality for 307 townships during consecutive 3‐year periods with a Bayesian spatial model. Township‐level health care accessibility was measured using an enhanced 2‐step floating catchment area method. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between health care accessibility and AMI mortality. During 2007 to 2018, median AMI mortality in townships declined from 86.3 (95% CI, 34.2–173.8) to 49.4 (95% CI, 30.5–73.7) per 100 000 population. The decrease in AMI mortality was larger in townships where health care accessibility increased more rapidly. Geographic inequality, defined as the ratio of the 90th to 10th percentile of mortality in townships, increased from 3.4 to 3.8. In total, 86.3% (265/307) of townships had an increase in health care accessibility. Each 10% increase in health care accessibility was associated with a −0.71% (95% CI, −1.08% to −0.33%) change in AMI mortality.

Conclusions
Geographic disparities in AMI mortality among Beijing townships are large and increasing. A relative increase in township‐level health care accessibility is associated with a relative decrease in AMI mortality. Targeted improvement of health care accessibility in areas with high AMI mortality may help reduce AMI burden and improve its geographic inequality in megacities.
Does the Participation Degree in Global Value Chains Influence Carbon Emission Transfer Through International Trade in Belt and Road Countries?
Authors: Ali Muhammad Uzair , Wang Ying 
Published: June 2023

Studying the impact of global value chains’ (GVCs) participation degrees on carbon emission transfer through international trade (CTIT) in Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) economies is of great significance because these economies are significant participants of GVCs and international trade. The current study, through the inter-regional Input-Output table, calculated the GVCs’ participation degrees (forward and backward participation) and CTIT (carbon emission transfer through export (ETET) and emission transfer through import [ETIT] trade) of 27 BRI economies from 2005 to 2018 and investigated the impact of the GVCs on CTIT. Several test results illustrated that endogenous issues did not affect the robustness of study discussions. The study articulates appropriate environmental governance policies that could realise emissions reduction goals. Significant results are (a) participation degree in GVCs increases the CTIT in BRI; (b) energy intensity, energy structure, final demand and secondary industry escalate CTIT; (c) the optimisations of participation degree in GVCs, energy intensity development, industrial structure optimisation and increased awareness of emission lessening among the BRI community could compensate for the growth in CTIT from the constant deepening of GVCs. This study delivers a comprehensive insight into understanding the driving forces that cause the changes in CTIT from the GVCs’ perspective. JEL Codes: F02, F18, Q56
Estimating the Effects of Financial Liberalisation on Governability and Social Stability
Authors: Chavez Carlos 
Published: June 2023

This article studies the effects of financial liberalisation on governability. The dependent variables measure governability in terms of control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability, rule of law, regulatory quality and free speech for 125 countries from 1996 to 2019. As a variable measuring financial liberalisation, I use the Chinn-Ito index and Fernandez index as capital control measure. I use fixed-effects panel data, quantile regression, system GMM and event study to estimate these effects. The results I find show that the financial liberalisation has strong effects on those governability variables, especially low-income countries tend to have a higher sensitivity to changes in capital controls on governability and social stability, as well as countries in the 0.4–0.6 quantiles of the governability. Finally, I find that these effects take at least one year to become persistent over time. These findings imply that, in times of political turbulence and instability, governments may pursue liberalising policies that increase the dynamism of the economy to alleviate the climate of ungovernability. JEL Codes: F38, D72, P16
Novel maternal duplication of 6p22.3-p25.3 with subtelomeric 6p25.3 deletion: new clinical findings and genotype–phenotype correlations
Authors: Zhang Liyu , Tie Xiaoling , Che Fengyu , Wang Guoxia , Ge Ying , Li Benchang , Yang Ying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Copy-number variants (CNVs) drive many neurodevelopmental-related disorders. Although many neurodevelopmental-related CNVs can give rise to widespread phenotypes, it is necessary to identify the major genes contributing to phenotypic presentation. Copy-number variations in chromosome 6, such as independent 6p deletion and 6p duplication, have been reported in several live-born infants and present widespread abnormalities such as intellectual disability, growth deficiency, developmental delay, and multiple dysmorphic facial features. However, a contiguous deletion and duplication in chromosome 6p regions have been reported in only a few cases.

Case presentation
In this study, we reported the first duplication of chromosome band 6p25.3–p22.3 with deletion of 6p25.3 in a pedigree. This is the first case reported involving CNVs in these chromosomal regions. In this pedigree, we reported a 1-year-old boy with maternal 6p25-pter duplication characterized by chromosome karyotype. Further analysis using CNV-seq revealed a 20.88-Mb duplication at 6p25.3-p22.3 associated with a contiguous 0.66-Mb 6p25.3 deletion. Whole exome sequencing confirmed the deletion/duplication and identified no pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants related with the patient´s phenotype. The proband presented abnormal growth, developmental delay, skeletal dysplasia, hearing loss, and dysmorphic facial features. Additionally, he presented recurrent infection after birth. CNV-seq using the proband´s parental samples showed that the deletion/duplication was inherited from the proband´s mother, who exhibited a similar phenotype to the proband. When compared with other cases, this proband and his mother presented a new clinical finding: forearm bone dysplasia. The major candidate genes contributing to recurrent infection, eye development, hearing loss features, neurodevelopmental development, and congenital bone dysplasia were further discussed.

Conclusions
Our results showed a new clinical finding of a contiguous deletion and duplication in chromosome 6p regions and suggested candidate genes associated with phenotypic features, such as FOXC1, SERPINB6, NRN1, TUBB2A, IRF4, and RIPK1.
A new AAV tool for highly preferentially targeting hippocampal CA2
Authors: Peng Siqi , Gu Wenzhen , Zhu Wenxiu , Zhuang Yan , Yang Xiuqi , Lv Yaochen , Meng Sibie , Xie Wei , Li Moyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMice hippocampus contains three prominent subregions, CA1, CA3 and DG and is well regarded as an essential multiple task processor for learning, memory and cognition based on tremendous studies on these three subregions. The narrow region sandwiched between CA1 and CA3 called CA2 has been neglected for a long time. But it raises great attentions recently since this region manifests the indispensable role in social memory. Its unique physical position connecting CA1 and CA3 suggests the potential novel functions besides social memory regulation. But the CA2 is too small to be accurately targeted. A flexible AAV tool capable of accurately and efficiently targeting this region is highly demanded. To fill this gap, we generate an AAV expressing Cre driven by the mini Map3k15 promoter, AAV/M1-Cre, which can be easily utilized to help tracing and manipulating CA2 pyramidal neurons. However, M1-Cre labeled a small percentage of M1+RGS14− neurons that do not colocalize with any RGS14+/STEP+/PEP4+/Amigo2+ pyramidal neurons. They are proved to be the mixture of normal CA2 pyramidal neurons, CA3-like neurons in CA2-CA3 mixed border, some CA2 interneurons and rarely few CA1-like neurons, which are probably the ones projecting to the revealed CA2 downstream targets, VMH, STHY and PMV in WT mice injecting this AAV/M1-Cre virus but not in Amigo2-Cre mice. Though it is still challenging to get a pure CA2 tracking and manipulation system, this tool provides a new, more flexible and extended strategy for in-depth CA2 functional study in the future.
Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome following infection with COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Ikumi Akira , Yoshii Yuichi , Nagashima Katsuya , Takeuchi Yosuke , Tatsumura Masaki , Mammoto Takeo , Hirano Atsushi , Yamazaki Masashi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Various neurological manifestations associated with coronavirus disease 2019 have been increasingly reported. Herein, we report a rare case of anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, which occurred 5 days after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019.

Case presentation
A 62-year-old Asian woman with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 who developed a complete motor deficit in the left flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus without sensory deficits. The symptoms appeared as a sudden onset fatigue and severe pain of the left arm, 5 days after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019. She noticed paralysis of the left thumb at 2 weeks after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019. Electromyography assessment of the anterior interosseous nerve-dominated muscles revealed neurogenic changes such as positive sharp wave and fibrillation in flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus, confirming the diagnosis of anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. There were no other diseases that could have resulted in peripheral nerve palsy. We performed a functional reconstruction surgery of the thumb by tendon transfer from the extensor carpi radialis longus to the flexor pollicis longus. The patient reported a good patient-reported outcome (2.27 points in QuickDASH Disability/Symptom scoring and 5 points in Hand20 scoring) at final follow-up (1 year after the surgery).

Conclusion
This case highlights the need for vigilance regarding the possible development of anterior interosseous nerve syndrome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Tendon transfer from extensor carpi radialis longus to flexor pollicis longus can provide good functional recovery for unrecovered motor paralysis after anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.
Online listing data and their interaction with market dynamics: evidence from Singapore during COVID-19
Authors: Lee Jieun , Lee Kwan Ok 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the emergence of Property Technology, online listing data have drawn increasing interest in the field of real estate–related big data research. Scraped from the online platforms for property search and marketing, these data reflect real-time information on housing supply and potential demand before actual transaction data are released. This paper analyzes the interactions between the keywords of online home listings and actual market dynamics. To do so, we link the listing data from the major online platform in Singapore with the universal transaction data of resale public housing. We consider the COVID-19 outbreak as a natural shock that brought a significant change to work modes and mobility and, in turn, consumer preference changes for home purchases. Using the Difference-in-Difference approach, we first find that housing units with a higher floor level and more rooms have experienced a significant increase in transaction prices while close proximity to public transportation and the central business district (CBD) led to a reduction in the price premium after COVID-19. Our text analysis results, using the natural language processing, suggest that the online listing keywords have consistently captured these trends and provide qualitative insights (e.g. view becoming increasingly popular) that could not be uncovered from the conventional database. Relevant keywords reveal trends earlier than transaction-based data, or at least in a timely manner. We demonstrate that big data analytics could effectively be applied to emerging social science research such as online listing research and provide useful information to forecast future market trends and household demand.
Financial literacy, behavioral traits, and ePayment adoption and usage in Japan
Authors: Long Trinh Quang , Morgan Peter J. , Yoshino Naoyuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study investigates how financial literacy and behavioral traits affect the adoption of electronic payment (ePayment) services in Japan. We construct a financial literacy index using a representative sample of 25,000 individuals from the Bank of Japan’s 2019 Financial Literacy Survey. We then analyze the relationship between this index and the extensive and intensive usage of two types of payment services: electronic money (e-money) and mobile payment apps. Using an instrumental variable approach, we find that higher financial literacy is positively associated with a higher likelihood of adopting ePayment services. The empirical results suggest that individuals with higher financial literacy use payment services more frequently. We also find that risk-averse people are less likely to adopt and use ePayment services, whereas people with herd behavior tend to adopt and use ePayment services more. Our empirical results also suggest that the effects of financial literacy on the adoption and use of ePayment differ among people with different behavioral traits.
Psychometric properties of the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Uysal İsmail , Özden Fatih , Tuna Serap , Tümtürk İsmet 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
To our knowledge, no other studies investigated the internal consistency of the Edinburgh Visual Gait Score (EVGS). The aim of our study was to determine the reliability and construct validity of the EVGS in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Results
A total of fifty children with CP were enrolled in the study. Participants were evaluated with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS), Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (Gillette FAQ), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and EVGS (Rater-A and Rater-B). Slow-motion video analysis was used for the visual gait analysis. The inter-rater reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the EVGS were analyzed. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the EVGS total score was 0.947 (CI: 0.90–0.97). Inter-rater reliability was excellent (ICC>0.80). The Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.936, within the acceptable range (0.70<α<0.95). In addition, the standard error of measurement (SEM95) and minimal detectable change (MDC95) scores of EVGS were 1.72 and 4.78, respectively. The correlation values of EVGS (Rater-A) and GMFCS, TUG, GFAQ, and WGS were 0.494, 0.661, −0.663, and 0.611, respectively. On the other hand, the correlation values of EVGS (Rater-B) and GMFCS, TUG, GFAQ, and WGS were 0.492, 0.664, −0.714, and 0.757, respectively. Except for comparison with GMFC, EVGS was highly valid in all other correlational analyzes (r>0.50). EVGS had moderate validity with GMFCS for both raters.

Conclusion
The EVGS was reliable and valid. Internal consistency of the EVGS is high, indicating a consistent structure to assess gait in children with CP.
P2Y12 Inhibitors for Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fujisaki Tomohiro , Kuno Toshiki , Briasoulis Alexandros , Misumida Naoki , Takagi Hisato , Latib Azeem 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
For patients with non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), prasugrel was recommended over ticagrelor in a recent randomized controlled trial, although more data are needed on the rationale. Here, the effects of P2Y12 inhibitors on ischemic and bleeding events in patients with NSTE-ACS were investigated.

Methods
Clinical trials that enrolled patients with NSTE-ACS were included, relevant data were extracted, and a network meta-analysis was performed.

Results
This study included 37,268 patients with NSTE-ACS from 11 studies. There was no significant difference between prasugrel and ticagrelor for any end point, although prasugrel had a higher likelihood of event reduction than ticagrelor for all end points except cardiovascular death. Compared with clopidogrel, prasugrel was associated with decreased risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71–0.99) and myocardial infarction (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68–0.99) but not an increased risk of major bleeding (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.97–1.74). Similarly, compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor was associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66–0.94) and an increased risk of major bleeding (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.00–1.77; P = .049). For the primary efficacy end point (MACE), prasugrel showed the highest likelihood of event reduction (P = .97) and was superior to ticagrelor (P = .29) and clopidogrel (P = .24).

Conclusion
Prasugrel and ticagrelor had comparable risks for every end point, although prasugrel had the highest probability of being the best treatment for reducing the primary efficacy end point. This study highlights the need for further studies to investigate optimal P2Y12 inhibitor selection in patients with NSTE-ACS.
Expressive Law and Escalating Penalties: Accounting for the Educational Function of Punishment
Authors: Miceli Thomas J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The pervasiveness of law enforcement schemes that prescribe harsher penalties for repeat offenders continues to challenge scholars who seek an economic explanation for criminal justice policies. The current paper formalizes an explanation suggested by Dana, D. (2001. Rethinking the puzzle of escalating penalties for repeat offenders. Yale Law J. 110: 733–783), which is based on the role of the law in educating people about wrongful behavior—the so-called “expressive function” of law. The analysis shows that an escalating structure that imposes a lenient sanction on all first-timers and a harsh sanction on repeaters represents a compromise solution that is (second best) optimal if the fraction of unknowing offenders in the population of potential offenders (as opposed to rational calculators) is sufficiently large.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF NON-TARIFF REGULATION MEASURES ON EAEU IMPORTS
Authors: Ilyasov P. V. , Andreeva E. L. 
Published: June 2023

The relevance of the article is due to the need to adapt the foreign trade of the EAEU to the conditions of sanctions restrictions on the part of western countries, reorientation and diversification of the foreign trade flows of the EAEU, including with the use of non-tariff regulation tools. Purpose: to assess the impact of NTMs on EAEU imports in order to develop recommendations for the development of a non-tariff regulation mechanism. The change in the role of NTMs in international trade policy is substantiated. The replacement of tariffs by measures of non-tariff regulation as the main instrument of protectionist policy is conditioned. The dynamics and structure of the development of NTMs for the period from 2015 to 2021 are analyzed, including the distribution of NTMs by product groups and countries. World trends and problems in the field of assessing the effects of non-tariff regulation, as well as problems specific to the EAEU, are outlined. The methodology for assessing the impact of NTMs on imports has been substantiated and tested, taking into account the specifics of the EAEU. An econometric model is proposed to identify the impact of individual non-tariff regulation measures applied by the EAEU countries in relation to imports from third countries.