bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treated With Regimens That Include New and Repurposed Drugs
Authors: Lotia Farrukh Ismat , Lachenal Nathalie , Adenov Malik M , Ahmed Saman , Algozhin Yerkebulan , Coutisson Sylvine , Garavito Epifanio Sánchez , Hewison Catherine , Holtzman David , Huerga Helena , Janmohamed Aleeza , Khan Palwasha Y , Jacques Gamarly Leblanc , Lomtadze Nino , Melikyan Nara , Mitnick Carole D , Mussabekova Gulnaz , Osso Elna , Perea Sara , Putri Fauziah Asnely , Rashidov Mahmud , Rich Michael L , Sakhabutdinova Yekaterina , Seung Kwonjune J , Stambekova Assel , Vásquez Dante Vargas , Franke Molly F , Khan Uzma 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Among 43 pregnant women receiving multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) treatment with bedaquiline and/or delamanid, 98% had favorable treatment outcomes. Of 31 continued pregnancies, 81% had live births with no reported malformations, and 68% of neonates had normal birth weights. Effective MDR/RR-TB treatment during pregnancy can improve maternal outcomes without harming neonates.
Developing a personalized remote patient monitoring algorithm: a proof-of-concept in heart failure
Authors: Moazeni Mehran , Numan Lieke , Brons Maaike , Houtgraaf Jaco , Rutten Frans H , Oberski Daniel L , van Laake Linda W , Asselbergs Folkert W , Aarts Emmeke 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Non-invasive remote patient monitoring is an increasingly popular technique to aid clinicians in the early detection of worsening heart failure (HF) alongside regular follow-ups. However, previous studies have shown mixed results in the performance of such systems. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a personalized monitoring algorithm aimed at increasing positive-predictive-value (PPV) (i.e. alarm quality) and compared performance with simple rule-of-thumb and moving average convergence-divergence algorithms (MACD).

Methods and results
In this proof-of-concept study, the developed algorithm was applied to retrospective data of daily bodyweight, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure of 74 HF-patients with a median observation period of 327 days (IQR: 183 days), during which 31 patients experienced 64 clinical worsening HF episodes. The algorithm combined information on both the monitored patients and a group of stable HF patients, and is increasingly personalized over time, using linear mixed-effect modelling and statistical process control charts. Optimized on alarm quality, heart rate showed the highest PPV (Personalized: 92%, MACD: 2%, Rule-of-thumb: 7%) with an F1 score of (Personalized: 28%, MACD: 6%, Rule-of-thumb: 8%). Bodyweight demonstrated the lowest PPV (Personalized: 16%, MACD: 0%, Rule-of-thumb: 6%) and F1 score (Personalized: 10%, MACD: 3%, Rule-of-thumb: 7%) overall compared methods.

Conclusion
The personalized algorithm with flexible patient-tailored thresholds led to higher PPV, and performance was more sensitive compared to common simple monitoring methods (rule-of-thumb and MACD). However, many episodes of worsening HF remained undetected. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure monitoring outperformed bodyweight in predicting worsening HF. The algorithm source code is publicly available for future validation and improvement.
Evaluation of population structure inferred by principal component analysis or the admixture model
Authors: van Waaij Jan , Li Song , Garcia-Erill Genís , Albrechtsen Anders , Wiuf Carsten 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA) is commonly used in genetics to infer and visualize population structure and admixture between populations. PCA is often interpreted in a way similar to inferred admixture proportions, where it is assumed that individuals belong to one of several possible populations or are admixed between these populations. We propose a new method to assess the statistical fit of PCA (interpreted as a model spanned by the top principal components) and to show that violations of the PCA assumptions affect the fit. Our method uses the chosen top principal components to predict the genotypes. By assessing the covariance (and the correlation) of the residuals (the differences between observed and predicted genotypes), we are able to detect violation of the model assumptions. Based on simulations and genome-wide human data, we show that our assessment of fit can be used to guide the interpretation of the data and to pinpoint individuals that are not well represented by the chosen principal components. Our method works equally on other similar models, such as the admixture model, where the mean of the data is represented by linear matrix decomposition.
Clinical Prediction Models for Nonmortality Outcomes in Older Adults With Hip Fractures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kaizu Yoichi , Tamura Shuntaro , Saito Hiroyuki , Hayashi Shota , Iwamoto Hiroki , Miyata Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Several hip fracture clinical prediction models have been developed. We conducted this study to (i) map outcomes used in clinical prediction models for hip fracture, (ii) identify the domains and instruments of predictors, and (iii) assess the risk of bias.

Methods
We performed systematic searches of studies published from June 2002 to June 2023 in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CiNii, and Ichushi databases. After the relevant articles were identified, we performed the data extraction and bias risk assessment. We used the Prediction Study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) to assess each study’s risk of bias. Outcome mapping was performed for the core outcome set of hip fractures. Qualitative synthesis and the PROBAST evaluation were performed on other-than-mortality core outcomes, which are difficult to target in rehabilitation.

Results
We screened 3 206 studies for eligibility; 45 studies were included in the outcome mapping, and 10 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Outcomes included mortality (n = 35), mobility (n = 8), and activities of daily living (n = 2). No clinical prediction models had pain or health-related quality of life as an outcome. Predictors were reported in 8 domains and 38 measures. The PROBAST evaluation showed a high risk of bias in all 10 studies that were eligible for a qualitative synthesis.

Conclusions
The clinical prediction models had only mortality, mobility, and activities of daily living as outcomes. The development of clinical prediction models with pain and health-related quality of life as outcomes is necessary. Clinical prediction models overcoming the risk of bias identified in this study are also needed.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is an Independent Risk Factor for Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Lean Individuals
Authors: Martínez-Domínguez Samuel J , García-Mateo Sandra , Gargallo-Puyuelo Carla J , Gallego-Llera Beatriz , Callau Pilar , Mendi Carolina , Arroyo-Villarino María Teresa , Simón-Marco Miguel Ángel , Ampuero Javier , Gomollón Fernando 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite classical association between metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and obesity, there is increasing evidence on the development of MASLD in lean individuals. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of MASLD and significant liver fibrosis in lean participants with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, case-control study including 300 lean cases with IBD and 80 lean controls without IBD, matched by sex and age. All participants underwent a liver ultrasound, transient elastography, and laboratory tests.

Results
The lean IBD group showed a significantly higher prevalence of MASLD compared with lean non-IBD group (21.3% vs 10%; P = .022), but no differences were observed in the prevalence of significant liver fibrosis (4.7% vs 0.0%; P = 1.000). No differences were found between the prevalence of MASLD in IBD and non-IBD participants who were overweight/obese (66.8% vs 70.8%; P = .442). In addition, the prevalence of MASLD was significantly higher in the overweight/obese IBD group compared with the lean IBD group (P &lt; .001). IBD was an independent risk factor for MASLD in lean participants (odds ratio [OR], 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-7.01; P = .04), after adjusting for classic metabolic risk factors and prior history of systemic steroid use. Nevertheless, no association between IBD related factors and MASLD was identified in lean IBD participants. When the overweight/obese and lean IBD groups with MASLD were compared, the overweight/obese IBD group with MASLD showed higher levels of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11-1.98; P = .007) and history of smoking (OR, 4.66; 95% CI, 1.17-18.49; P = .029).

Conclusions
MASLD prevalence was higher in the lean IBD group compared with lean non-IBD group, independent of classic metabolic risk factors.
Barcode and radio frequency identification utilization varied across Korean hospitals
Authors: Mahmudah Noor Afif , Shin Ho Gyun , Ock Minsu , Jo Ae Jeong , Min Ari , Pyo Jeehee , Im Dasom , Kim Sukyeong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Barcodes and radio frequency identification (RFID) are increasingly used in health care to improve patient safety. However, studies on their utilization in clinical settings are limited. This study aimed to comprehensively examine the utilization status of barcodes and RFID in Korean hospitals, recognize the effects and obstacles associated with utilization, and explore the measures to expand the applications of barcodes and RFID. A self-reported online survey was conducted in tertiary hospitals, general hospitals, hospitals, and nursing hospitals in the Republic of Korea. The survey questionnaire comprised questions on barcodes and RFID utilization status, the effect of barcodes and RFID utilization, measures to expand the utilization of barcodes and RFID, and information on respondents’ demographics and hospitals. A representative from each of 23 tertiary hospitals, 101 general hospitals, 232 hospitals, and 214 nursing hospitals completed the survey (total response rate 17%). The data were analysed using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test to determine the differences in responses based on the type and characteristics of hospitals. The tertiary hospitals had the highest utilizations of both RFID and barcodes (n = 10, 43.5%), whereas the nursing hospitals had the lowest (n = 96, 55.1%). Barcodes and RFID were most commonly used in the visits and security management domains. However, the use of barcodes and RFID in medication dispensing and administration safety was low, despite its value in improving patient safety. The hospitals recognized the positive effect of utilization of barcodes and RFID, reporting the highest frequency for the prevention of patient safety incidents (n = 79, 85.9%). Nevertheless, the cost of barcodes and RFID facility investments (n = 128, 90.3%) appeared to be the greatest obstacle to the introduction of barcodes and RFID. Hence, barcodes and RFID facility investment support (n = 133, 95.5%) were given the highest priority among the measures to expand barcode and RFID utilization in health care. The utilization of barcodes and RFID varied across the type and domain of hospitals in the Republic of Korea. Hospitals recognized the positive effects of barcode and RFID utilization. Nonetheless, all hospitals were concerned about the cost of investment and maintenance of barcode and RFID facilities as the main obstacles to utilization. Therefore, a support plan must be developed for the cost of barcodes and RFID facility investments to expand barcode and RFID utilization in health care.
Design for Emergency: How Digital Technologies Enabled an Open Design Platform to Respond to COVID-19
Authors: Colombo Sara , Ciliotta Estefania , Marengo Lucia , Liu Houjiang , Molino Piero , Ciuccarelli Paolo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic, digital technologies (DT) supported the design and implementation of solutions addressing new needs and living conditions. We describe Design for Emergency, a digital open design platform developed to ideate solutions for people's fast-changing needs in the pandemic, to analyze how DT can affect human-centered design processes during emergencies. We illustrate how DT: i) helped quickly collect and analyse people's needs in different countries, visualize such data, and identify design directions and problem spaces; ii) facilitated the creation of a virtual network of stakeholders and an open-innovation digital platform; iii) inspired the ideation of solutions responding to people's changing needs and affected their implementation. We discuss the implications of adopting DT in designing for and during emergencies, as well as their current and future potential to promptly respond to emergency situations through a human-centered approach.
Jasmonates, gibberellins, and powdery mildew modify cell cycle progression and evoke differential spatiotemporal responses along the barley leaf
Authors: Krasauskas Jovaras , Ganie Showkat Ahmad , Al-Husari Aroub , Bindschedler Laurence , Spanu Pietro , Ito Masaki , Devoto Alessandra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an important cereal crop, and its development, defence, and stress responses are modulated by different hormones including jasmonates (JAs) and the antagonistic gibberellins (GAs). Barley productivity is severely affected by the foliar biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria hordei. In this study, primary leaves were used to examine the molecular processes regulating responses to methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) and GA to B. hordei infection along the leaf axis. Flow cytometry, microscopy, and spatiotemporal expression patterns of genes associated with JA, GA, defence, and the cell cycle provided insights on cell cycle progression and on the gradient of susceptibility to B. hordei observed along the leaf. Notably, the combination of B. hordei with MeJA or GA pre-treatment had a different effect on the expression patterns of the analysed genes compared to individual treatments. MeJA reduced susceptibility to B. hordei in the proximal part of the leaf blade. Overall, distinctive spatiotemporal gene expression patterns correlated with different degrees of cell proliferation, growth capacity, responses to hormones, and B. hordei infection along the leaf. Our results highlight the need to further investigate differential spatial and temporal responses to pathogens at the organ, tissue, and cell levels in order to devise effective disease control strategies in crops.
Percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells and serum level of IL-17 and IFN-γ cytokines in COVID-19-associated mucormycosis
Authors: Soleimanifar Narjes , Assadiasl Sara , Rostamian Abdolrahman , Abdollahi Alireza , Salehi Mohammadreza , Abdolmaleki Mohsen , Barzegari Saeed , Sobati Abolfazl , Sadr Maryam , Mohebbi Bahareh , Mojtahedi Hanieh , Nicknam Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The considerable number of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients who developed mucormycosis infections in West and Central Asia urged a need to investigate the underlying causes of this fatal complication. It was hypothesized that an immunocompromised state secondary to the excessive administration of anti-inflammatory drugs was responsible for the outburst of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we aimed to study the implication of two major subsets of adaptive immunity T helper (Th)-1 and Th17 cells in disease development. Thirty patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, 38 with COVID-19 without any sign or symptom of mucormycosis, and 26 healthy individuals were included. The percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells in peripheral blood, as well as the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), were evaluated using flow cytometry and ELISA techniques, respectively. Th17 cell percentage in patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis was significantly lower than in COVID-19 patients (P-value: &lt;0.001) and healthy subjects (P-value: 0.01). In addition, the serum level of IL-17 in COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than that of healthy individuals (P-value: 0.01). However, neither the frequency of Th1 cells nor the serum level of IFN-γ was different between the study groups. Given the critical role of Th17 cells in the defense against mucosal fungal infections, these findings suggest that low numbers of Th17 and insufficient levels of IL-17 might be a predisposing factor for the development of mucormycosis during or after COVID-19 infection.
Quantum mechanical modelling of the grain-surface formation of acetaldehyde on H2O:CO dirty ice surfaces
Authors: Perrero Jessica , Ugliengo Piero , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Rimola Albert 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAcetaldehyde (CH3CHO) is one of the most detected interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) in the interstellar medium (ISM). These species have a potential biological relevance, as they can be precursors of more complex species from which life could have emerged. The formation of iCOMs in the ISM is a challenge and a matter of debate, whether gas-phase, grain-surface chemistry, or both are needed for their synthesis. In the gas-phase, CH3CHO can be efficiently synthesized from ethanol and/or ethyl radical. On the grain-surfaces, radical–radical recombinations were traditionally invoked. However, several pitfalls have been recently identified, such as the presence of energy barriers and competitive side reactions (i.e. H abstractions). Here, we investigate a new grain-surface reaction pathway for the formation of acetaldehyde, namely the reaction between CH3 and a CO molecule of a dirty water/CO ice followed by hydrogenation of its product, CH3CO. To this end, we carried out ab initio computations of the reaction occurring on an ice composed of 75 per cent water and 25 per cent CO molecules. We found that the CH3 + CO(ice) reaction exhibits barriers difficult to overcome in the ISM, either adopting a Langmuir–Hinshelwood or an Eley–Rideal mechanism. The subsequent hydrogenation step is found to be barrierless, provided that the two reacting species have the correct orientation. Therefore, this pathway seems unlikely to occur in the ISM.
Similarity measurement tracking and properties evolution of photospheric bright point groups in the quiet Sun and active region
Authors: Yang Peng , Bai Haicheng , Zhao Limin , Gong Xiaoying , Zhong Libo , Yang Yang , Rao Changhui 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Photospheric bright points (BPs) fast movement is more effective than the slow movement that occurs most of the time in transmitting energy to the corona. The splitting and merging BPs tend to produce relatively large velocities. Therefore, our aim is to detect and track BP groups. After that, the attribute distribution of BP groups and the attribute evolution under possible high-speed movement are studied and analysed. We use a new BPs detection model (HBD-model) that can effectively detect weak BPs and layered BPs and then use similarity measures to judge the splitting and merging of BPs for tracking. The average accuracy of the BPs detection algorithm is 0.74, and the average accuracy of tracking is more than 85 per cent. For the BPs in the quiet Sun (QS) and active region (AR), a total of 62 388 evolutionary BPs were identified and tracked. The average velocities are more than 2 km s−1 in the QS and ARs. For the QS and ARs, the evolution process of splitting or merging BPs is basically the same. The results show that for the merged BPs, the area and velocity of the BPs are tiny in the initial stage, reach a peak in the middle stage, and then become smaller and disappear. The area, intensity contrast, and velocity of the BPs with splitting are relatively tiny at the beginning, become larger at the middle stage, reach the peak after splitting, and then become smaller and disappear rapidly.
Turbulence dynamics and flow speeds in the inner solar corona: results from radio-sounding experiments by the Akatsuki spacecraft
Authors: Jain Richa N , Choudhary R K , Bhardwaj Anil , Imamura T , Sharma Anshuman , Parikh Umang M 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The solar inner corona is a region that plays a critical role in energizing the solar wind and propelling it to supersonic and supra-Alfvénic velocities. Despite its importance, this region remains poorly understood because of being least explored due to observational limitations. The coronal radio-sounding technique in this context becomes useful as it helps in providing information in parts of this least explored region. To shed light on the dynamics of the solar wind in the inner corona, we conducted a study using data obtained from coronal radio-sounding experiments carried out by the Akatsuki spacecraft during the 2021 Venus-solar conjunction event. By analysing X-band radio signals recorded at two ground stations (Indian Deep Space Network in Bangalore and Usuda Deep Space Center in Japan), we investigated plasma turbulence characteristics and estimated flow speed measurements based on isotropic quasi-static turbulence models. Our analysis revealed that the speed of the solar wind in the inner corona (at heliocentric distances from 5 to 13 solar radii), ranging from 220 to 550 km s−1, was higher than the expected average flow speeds in this region. By integrating our radio-sounding results with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images of the solar disc, we gained a unique perspective on the properties and energization of high-velocity plasma streams originating from coronal holes. We tracked the evolution of fast solar wind streams emanating from an extended coronal hole as they propagated to increasing heliocentric distances. Our study provides unique insights into the least-explored inner coronal region by corroborating radio-sounding results with EUV observations of the corona.
The scale of homogeneity in the Rh = ct universe
Authors: Melia Fulvio 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Studies of the Universe’s transition to smoothness in the context of Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) have all pointed to a transition radius no larger than ∼300 Mpc. These are based on a broad array of tracers for the matter power spectrum, including galaxies, clusters, quasars, the Ly-α forest, and anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. It is therefore surprising, if not anomalous, to find many structures extending out over scales as large as ∼2 Gpc, roughly an order of magnitude greater than expected. Such a disparity suggests that new physics may be contributing to the formation of large-scale structure, warranting a consideration of the alternative Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmology known as the Rh = ct universe. This model has successfully eliminated many other problems in ΛCDM. In this paper, we calculate the fractal (or Hausdorff) dimension in this cosmology as a function of distance, showing a transition to smoothness at ∼2.2 Gpc, fully accommodating all of the giant structures seen thus far. This outcome adds further observational support for Rh = ct over the standard model.