bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light and Shape‐Memory Polymers: Characterization, Preparation, Stimulation, and Application
Authors: Fang Liang , Yan Wan , Chen Shunping , Duan Qiong , Herath Madhubhashitha , Epaarachchi Jayantha , Liu Yue , Lu Chunhua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractShape‐memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that change shape when exposed to stimuli and have various applications in different fields due to their unique properties. Light, as a kind of electromagnetic radiation, plays an important role in understanding the structure‐property relations of SMPs, preparing original shapes, using them as non‐contact stimuli sources, and tuning the optical properties of SMPs. This review provides a comprehensive review of the involvement of light in structure‐preparation‐stimuli‐application of SMPs. The review is divided into four sections. First, applications of optical/spectroscopic approaches that provide information for understanding structure‐property relations in SMPs, especially during programming and recovery. Second, describes how to build SMPs with light, including different photochemical reactions and 3D photocuring technologies. Third, discusses how light is used to trigger the shape change of SMPs through both photochemical and photothermal mechanisms. Last, focuses on how to take advantage of the shape‐memory effect to tune the optical characteristics of polymers, including various structures of SMP color‐changing materials and their synthetic strategies. Future research could focus on developing efficient photothermal fillers, new 3D printing techniques for SMPs, exploring their use in biomedical and wearable devices, and optimizing SMPs for industrial applications.
Hot and cold tumors: Immunological features and the therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wang Lianjie , Geng Hui , Liu Yujie , Liu Lei , Chen Yanhua , Wu Fanchen , Liu Zhiyi , Ling Shiliang , Wang Yan , Zhou Lihong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe “hotness” or “coldness” of the tumors are determined by the information of the cancer cells themselves, tumor immune characteristics, tumor microenvironment, and signaling mechanisms, which are key factors affecting cancer patients’ clinical efficacy. The switch mechanism of “hotness” and “coldness” and its corresponding pathological characteristics and treatment strategies are the frontier and hot spot of tumor treatment. How to distinguish the “hotness” or “coldness” effectively and clarify the causes, microenvironment state, and characteristics are very important for the tumor response and efficacy treatments. Starting from the concept of hot and cold tumor, this review systematically summarized the molecular characteristics, influencing factors, and therapeutic strategies of “hot and cold tumors,” and analyzed the immunophenotypes, the tumor microenvironment, the signaling pathways, and the molecular markers that contribute to “hot and cold tumors” in details. Different therapeutic strategies for “cold and hot tumors” based on clinical efficacy were analyzed with drug targets and proteins for “cold and hot tumors.” Furthermore, this review combines the therapeutic strategies of different “hot and cold tumors” with traditional medicine and modern medicine, to provide a basis and guidance for clinical decision‐making of cancer treatment.
Nano‐calcipotriol as a potent anti‐hepatic fibrosis agent
Authors: Zhang Yina , Wang Liying , Shao Jiajia , Liu Yanning , Lu Yining , Yang Jing , Xu Siduo , Zhang Jingkang , Li Minwei , Liu Xiangrui , Zheng Min 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCalcipotriol (CAL) has been widely studied as a fibrosis inhibitor and used to treat plaque psoriasis via transdermal administration. The clinical application of CAL to treat liver fibrosis is bottlenecked by its unsatisfactory pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and side effects, such as hypercalcemia in patients. The exploration of CAL as a safe and effective antifibrotic agent remains a major challenge. Therefore, we rationally designed and synthesized a self‐assembled drug nanoparticle encapsulating CAL in its internal hydrophobic core for systematic injection (termed NPs/CAL) and further investigated the beneficial effect of the nanomaterial on liver fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice were used as the animal model, and human hepatic stellate cell line LX‐2 was used as the cellular model of hepatic fibrogenesis. Immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and in vitro imaging were used for evaluating the efficacy of NPs/CAL treatment. We found NPs/CAL can be quickly internalized in vitro, thus potently deactivating LX‐2 cells. In addition, NPs/CAL improved blood circulation and the accumulation of CAL in liver tissue. Importantly, NPs/CAL strongly contributed to the remission of liver fibrosis without inducing hypercalcemia. Overall, our work identifies a promising paradigm for the development of nanomaterial‐based agents for liver fibrosis therapy.
Pedicled circumflex scapular artery perforator flap with intra‐axillary tunneling for axillary defect coverage after surgical excision of hidradenitis suppurativa: A case report and literature review
Authors: Meroni Matteo , Scaglioni Mario F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAxillary defects represent a rather common issue in plastic surgery practice. Surgical resections related to skin disease are frequent in this region and their extension often requires soft tissue transfer for coverage. In this setting, locoregional pedicled flaps are usually preferred. The nearby tissues offer pliable but still resistant skin, which satisfy the “like‐with‐like” reconstructive principle. Over the years different procedures have been described for this purpose. Among them, a valuable and often underestimated technique is the circumflex scapular artery perforator flap (CSAP). This technique might be particularly suitable for thin but relatively large defects. Its main advantages are a low donor site morbidity, a very reliable anatomy, and a perforator pedicle able supply a large skin paddle. In the present work, we report the use of a pedicled vertical CSAP flap passed through the axillary canal in order to cover a 9 cm × 7 cm axillary defect after surgical excision of hidradenitis suppurativa resistant to conservative treatment. The perforator‐based pedicled presented two branches, which allowed us to harvest safely a large skin paddle, which limited its range of motion. For this reason, we opted for a passage through the axillary canal for the flap inset. The postoperative course was uneventful and full shoulder range of motion was obtained at 3 months follow‐up. Despite most of the descriptions of this flap available so far showed its employment for limb's reconstructions, we believe that it is a very useful tool also for locoregional coverage. Moreover, the unconventional passage below the axillary muscles allowed reaching the recipient site even with a shorter pedicle, such as the one encountered in this case.
Big data and single‐cell sequencing in acute myeloid leukemia research
Authors: Zou Yuxuan , Zhang Huiyuan , Hu Hongbo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe advancement of diverse technologies has led to a substantial increase in valuable biomedical data, particularly in the field of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Effective utilization of this wealth of data is crucial for attaining a comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of AML, thereby facilitating optimal diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Among the various approaches to data acquisition, single‐cell sequencing has emerged as an impressive tool. The developments of single‐cell sequencing methods have empowered researchers to analyze the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and epigenome data at the single‐cell level. It also offers a means to uncover fine information, providing unique prognostic insights and aiding in the identification of therapeutic targets. Furthermore, it enhances our understanding of AML heterogeneity, clonal evolution, and resistance mechanisms, ultimately leading to the development of better treatment strategies. In this review, we present an overview of AML as well as single‐cell sequencing technologies, then explore their potential contributions to AML research in different aspects, and provide some information about resources and data processing.
Broadband metasurface antenna with size‐varying square patches
Authors: Xie Bingchuan , Zhang Rui , Wang Huanhuan , Wang Yong , Wang Zhicheng , Liu Kegang , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a broadband metasurface antenna with size‐varying patches. The metasurface radiator is fed by a microstrip line through a coupling slot on the ground. By varying two parameters of the square patches, great mode controllability can be achieved, resulting in wideband and stable gain. Furthermore, the added slotted metal square ring can effectively improve radiation gain. We designed and tested a C‐band wideband antenna consisting of 4  4 novel radiator units. The measured impedance bandwidth and 2‐dB gain bandwidth are 59% (4.3–7.9 GHz) and 44.1% (4.6–7.2 GHz), respectively. The designed antenna has a low profile of 0.09 .
An anisotropic broadband coding metasurface based on ultralight graphene‐assembled film
Authors: Luo Kaolin , Zu Haoran , Song Rongguo , Xin Yitong , Guo Jiannan , Ye Dong , Xu Ming , Huang Guan‐Long , He Daping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs theoretical research further develops, coding metasurfaces have been widely studied and applied due to their uniqueness in digital characterization and sequence arrangement. In this work, based on highly conductive graphene‐assembled film (GAF), an ultralight anisotropic broadband coding metasurface (ABCM) is proposed. The GAF ABCM consists of 16 units with specific phase responses and enables complete metal substitution. By arranging the unit cells in a specific order, the GAF ABCM realizes the functions of anomalous reflection, polarization conversion, and radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction. Results validate that the GAF ABCM has a measured 10 dB normal incidence backward RCS reduction within the working frequency band of 7–18 GHz, which fully covers the X‐band and Ku‐band for radar application. Furthermore, due to the lightweight property of GAF, the density of the GAF ABCM is only 0.06 g/cm3 (surface mass density of 0.038 g/cm2). All results indicate that the lightweight GAF metasurface is promising in radar stealth and communication fields.
Children patients with COVID‐19: How can parental and peer support lessen the psychological burden of isolation
Authors: Alrashidi Nojoud , Ahmed Faransa A. , Abdelmonem Huwida H. , Almowafy Abeer A. , Abed El‐fatah Ola A. , Elalem Omaim M. , Behilak Sahar G. , Syan Shadia A. , Sayed Mervat A. , Mohammed Hanan A. , Hussien Mona F. , Ibrahim Mervat E. , AlAbd Asmaa M. , Mohamed Rasha A. , Marzouk Salwa A. , Abdel Wahed Wafaa Y. , Atwa Zeze T. , Mohamed Sayeda M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of parental and peer support on children's self‐esteem during the isolation period in COVID‐19‐infected children is the main objective of this study.DesignThis is a descriptive cross‐sectional study. One hundred ninety children with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID‐19 were included.MethodsA survey questionnaire to assess family and children's demographic characteristics was used for this study. A 13‐item scale to assess parental support during the isolation period and a 10‐item scale to assess peers' support during the isolation period were evaluated. Along with it, a 10‐item scale to assess self‐esteem during the isolation period was also measured.ResultsHome isolation was associated with higher parental and peer support scores than hospital isolation. The mean age of study participants was 13.23 ± 4.05 years; 52.6% were isolated at home versus 47.4% in hospital isolation. Phone calling and WhatsApp/messenger chat were methods of communication for 44.2% and 33.2% of patients, respectively. 6.3% of them had no method of communication. Child self‐esteem was significantly affected by both parental and peer support during isolation. The increase in pronounced negative psychological effects such as disorientation, anger, low self‐esteem and post‐traumatic distress may be caused by a lack of parental care.No patient or public contribution to this studyPatients or the general public were not involved in the design, analysis or interpretation of the data in this study. The study's aim and objectives were developed based on children's self‐esteem, which was limited by questionnaire data information, so the researchers completed demographic and disease‐related questionnaires by interviewing them.
Enhanced mechanical characteristics of polylactic acid/tamarind kernel filler green composite filament for 3D printing
Authors: Nagarjun J. , Kanchana J. , Rajeshkumar G. , Anto Dilip A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe significance and interest of printing green composites in three dimensions have recently grown, especially in light of the possibility of reusing waste to produce green fillers that can reduce the cost of biopolymers without compromising their processability and performance outcomes from a mechanical and environmental perspective. In the current work, the kernel powder obtained from the seeds of Tamarindus indica (TI) was added to polylactic acid (PLA) and extruded as a filament in the single screw extruder. It was then printed using an open source Fused Deposition Modeling printer and investigated for its density, mechanical, surface, and morphological characteristics. It was found that the composite performed better when the filler concentration was maintained at 2%, but when it went beyond that, the performance depreciated because of the rapid rise in material voids. When compared with a neat PLA matrix, 2% TI filler offered better overall strength, with increments of 12.64%, 19.87%, and 15.57% in tensile, compression, and flexural strength, respectively. The addition of TI filler was found to promote crystallization within the PLA matrix, leading to a higher degree of crystallinity which have contributed to higher strength. The morphological study demonstrated that the occurrence of uniform filler distribution and inter‐layer randomized bonding at 2% TI/PLA offered superior strength, whereas at higher TI concentrations it led to pullout and delamination. On the other hand, the hardness of the composite increased proportionally to the concentration of the fillers.
Caution to psychiatry ward: COVID‐19 pneumonia can manifest weeks or months after testing positive with a PCR test in individuals on preexisting immune‐suppressing medication
Authors: Nakano Masaki , Funayama Michitaka , Wakisaka Riko , Takata Taketo , Kudo Shun , Kuramochi Shin , Koreki Akihiro , Ogino Satoyuki , Ishida Takuto , Uchida Hiroyuki , Mimura Masaru 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSome patients are reported to develop depression immediately after COVID‐19 infection. Typically, hospitalization is arranged a week to 10 days after symptom onset to avoid outbreak in the psychiatric ward when infectivity is almost eliminated. However, in patients on immunosuppressive drugs, infection is known to persist beyond the 10th day after testing positive with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test.Case PresentationWe present a patient with follicular lymphoma who was receiving immune‐suppressing medication and contracted a COVID‐19 infection; she developed severe depression and eventually required hospitalization 10 days after symptom onset or 5 days after the COVID‐19 infection‐related symptoms disappeared. Although the patient did not exhibit any symptom of pneumonia upon admission, she developed COVID‐19 pneumonia 3 weeks after the initial positive test. She received intravenous infusion of the antiviral drug remdesivir, which led to the improvement of pneumonia, and she was discharged on day 32 from testing COVID‐19 positive. However, COVID‐19 pneumonia recurred on days 64 and 74.ConclusionThis is the first report of COVID‐19 pneumonia developing in a psychiatric ward in a patient on immunosuppressive drugs, weeks to months after testing positive with a PCR test. When patients with compromised immune function, such as those on immunosuppressant medication or those with human immunodeficiency virus disease, are admitted to a psychiatric ward, careful monitoring of the risk of recurrence and sufficient consideration for infection control measures are necessary to avoid outbreaks.
Heritable induced resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana: Tips and tools to improve effect size and reproducibility
Authors: Furci L. , Pascual‐Pardo D. , Tirot L. , Zhang P. , Hannan Parker A. , Ton J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOver a decade ago, three independent studies reported that pathogen‐ and herbivore‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana produces primed progeny with increased resistance. Since then, heritable induced resistance (h‐IR) has been reported across numerous plant‐biotic interactions, revealing a regulatory function of DNA (de)methylation dynamics. However, the identity of the epi‐alleles controlling h‐IR and the mechanisms by which they prime defense genes remain unknown, while the evolutionary significance of the response requires confirmation. Progress has been hampered by the relatively high variability, low effect size, and sometimes poor reproducibility of h‐IR, as is exemplified by a recent study that failed to reproduce h‐IR in A. thaliana by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). This study aimed to improve h‐IR effect size and reproducibility in the A. thaliana–Pst interaction. We show that recurrent Pst inoculations of seedlings result in stronger h‐IR than repeated inoculations of older plants and that disease‐related growth repression in the parents is a reliable marker for h‐IR effect size in F1 progeny. Furthermore, RT‐qPCR‐based expression profiling of genes controlling DNA methylation maintenance revealed that the elicitation of strong h‐IR upon seedling inoculations is marked by reduced expression of the chromatin remodeler DECREASE IN DNA METHYLATION 1 (DDM1) gene, which is maintained in the apical meristem and transmitted to F1 progeny. Two additional genes, MET1 and CHROMOMETHYLASE3 (CMT3), displayed similar transcriptional repression in progeny from seedling‐inoculated plants. Thus, reduced expression of DDM1, MET1, and CMT3 can serve as a marker of robust h‐IR in F1 progeny. Our report offers valuable information and markers to improve the effect size and reproducibility of h‐IR in the A. thaliana–Pst model interaction.
‘DALZ 1701’, a third‐generation interspecific zoysiagrass hybrid
Authors: Chandra A. , Genovesi A. D. , Fry J. D. , Patton A. J. , Meeks M. , Braun R. C. , Xiang M. , Chhetri M. , Kennelly M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract‘DALZ 1701’ (Reg no. CV‐292, PI 702798) is a third‐generation hybrid resulting from mating interspecific hybrid ‘TAES 5723‐47’ with Zoysia japonica (Steud.) ‘Meyer’. In the 2019 National Evaluation Turfgrass Program, which ran from 2019 to 2022 in 15 locations, DALZ 1701 was put to the test. In 9 of 13 locations, DALZ 1701 established more quickly than Meyer, similarly to Emerald and Zeon but slower than Empire. DALZ 1701's turfgrass quality was generally better than Meyer's and on par with that of Emerald, Empire, and Zeon. Compared with Meyer, DALZ 1701 displays a dark green genetic color. In Dallas, TX, DALZ 1701 maintained its quality under drought stress more effectively than Meyer and similarly to Emerald, Empire, and Zeon; however, it had more wilt avoidance than Emerald and Zeon. Like Meyer and Innovation, DALZ 1701 showed freezing tolerance but had improved fall color retention. DALZ 1701 appeared to have greater tolerance than Meyer to large patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn), spring yellowing [take‐all patch (Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) von Arx & D. Olivier)], hunting billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus Chittenden), and zoysiagrass mite (Eriophyes zoysiae Baker, Kono, and O'Neill) damage. Additionally, DALZ 1701 has shown quality comparable to Diamond and Palisades but superior to Meyer under moderate shade in Dallas, TX. In the transition zone and southern portions of the United States, where zoysiagrass is widely grown, DALZ 1701 is adaptable to a variety of conditions.
Validating a fear‐of‐falling–related activity avoidance scale in lower limb prosthesis users
Authors: Rosenblatt Noah J. , Major Matthew J. , Manesh Bobak , Schneider Kristin , Miller Steven A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited available data suggest that fear of falling (FoF) may be common among lower limb prosthesis users (LLPUs) and associated with negative rehabilitation outcomes. The impact of FoF on outcomes may be exacerbated when fear leads to self‐imposed declines in activity. There is a need to identify the validity of fear‐of‐falling–related activity avoidance scales in LLPUs.ObjectiveTo evaluate the convergent, discriminant, and known‐group construct validity of the modified Survey of Activities and FoF in the Elderly (mSAFE) for LLPUs. Secondarily, we sought to determine if the mSAFE scale could be reduced without losing information regarding construct validity.DesignOnline survey.SettingNot applicable.ParticipantsFifty‐nine persons with unilateral or bilateral amputation at the transtibial or transfemoral level, with ≥6 months experience using a definitive prosthesis for activities other than transfers.InterventionParticipants completed an online survey that consisted of the mSAFE and questions to assess FoF (yes/no), fear‐of‐falling–related activity avoidance (yes/no), as well as previously validated scales capturing related and unrelated constructs. T‐tests were used to compare mSAFE score between yes/no respondents for known‐group construct validity. Correlations between mSAFE and previously validated surveys assessed convergent and discriminant validity. Analyses were repeated on a reduced number of mSAFE items following a redundancy analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresNot applicable.ResultsSignificant correlation coefficients of |0.440–0.825| were found for convergent validity with evidence of known‐group construct validity (p < .021 for all comparisons). There was evidence for discriminant validity, with non‐significant associations for two‐of‐three correlations. Results from validity analyses for a shortened 6‐item mSAFE were similar to that for the full scale.ConclusionThis study provided initial evidence regarding validity of the mSAFE as a measure to assess fear‐of‐falling–related activity avoidance in LLPUs. A 6‐item scale may be appropriate if the full scale would be taxing or time‐consuming.
Synthesis, characterization, and photo‐responsiveness of liquid metal/azo polymer hybrid material
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , He Yaning 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLiquid metals have garnered increasing attention as an emerging class of functional materials in recent years. In this work, an azo polymer coat with photo‐responsive properties is successfully applied onto the surface of liquid metal through reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The photo‐responsiveness of the resulting liquid metal/azo polymer hybrid material is thoroughly investigated. Liquid metal nanodroplets grafted with azo polymers exhibit exceptional ultraviolet and near infrared photo‐responsiveness due to photothermal effect of liquid metal and isomerization of azo polymer.