bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of fractional shifted vieta-fibonacci polynomials in nonlinear reaction diffusion equation with variable order time-space fractional derivative
Authors: Hassani Hossein , Avazzadeh Zakieh , Turan-Dincel Arzu , Katani Roghayeh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this article, an accurate optimization algorithm based on new polynomials namely generalized shifted Vieta-Fibonacci polynomials (GSVFPs) is employed to solve the nonlinear variable order time-space fractional reaction diffusion equation (NVOTSFRDE). The algorithm combines GSVFPs, new variable order fractional operational matrices in the Caputo sense, and the Lagrange multipliers to achieve the optimal solution. First, the solution of the NVOTSFRDE is approximated as a series of GSVFPs with unknown coefficients and parameters. Then, the Lagrange multipliers method is adopted so that the NVOTSFRDE can be transformed into a class of nonlinear algebraic system of equations and we solve these equations using MATLAB and MAPLE software. Solving this system and substituting the coefficients and parameters into the approximation of the guessed functions, the solution of the NVOTSFRDE is obtained. The convergence analysis of the approach are discussed. The accuracy of the algorithm is verified through error analysis and mathematical examples. The accuracy of the new method is higher than that of the exciting method. The reconstruction results demonstrate that the proposed optimization algorithm is efficient for the NVOTSFRDE, and the algorithm is also convergent.
A search for the fine-structure constant evolution from fast radio bursts and type Ia supernovae data
Authors: Lemos Thais , Gonçalves Rodrigo , Carvalho Joel , Alcaniz Jailson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The search for a space-time variation of the fundamental constants has been explored over the years to test our physical theories. In this paper, we use the dispersion measure (DM) of fast radio bursts (FRB) combined with type Ia supernovae (SNe) data to investigate a possible redshift evolution of the fine-structure constant (α), considering the runaway dilaton scenario, which predicts Δα/α = - γln(1+z), where γ is a constant proportional to the current value of the coupling between the dilaton field and hadronic matter. We derive all the relevant expressions for the DM dependence concerning the fine-structure constant and constrain the parameter γ from measurements of 17 well-localized FRBs and 1048 SNe data from the Pantheon compilation. We also use Monte Carlo simulations to forecast the constraining power of larger samples of FRB measurements for data sets with N = 500 and N = 1000 points. We found that the uncertainty on γ can be improved by one order of magnitude and that limits on Δα/α beyond σ ∼ 10-2 will depend crucially on better control of statistical and systematic uncertainties of upcoming FRB data.
Hyperons during proto-neutron star deleptonization and the emission of dark flavoured particles
Authors: Fischer Tobias , Camalich Jorge Martin , Kochankovski Hristijan , Tolos Laura 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Complementary to high-energy experimental efforts, indirect astrophysical searches of
particles beyond the standard model have long been pursued. The present article follows the
latter approach and considers, for the first time, the self-consistent treatment of the energy
losses from dark flavoured particles produced in the decay of hyperons during a core-collapse
supernova (CCSN). To this end, general relativistic supernova simulations in spherical symmetry
are performed, featuring six-species Boltzmann neutrino transport, and covering the long-term
evolution of the nascent remnant proto-neutron star (PNS) deleptonization for several tens of
seconds. A well-calibrated hyperon equation of state (EOS) is therefore implemented into the
supernova simulations and tested against the corresponding nucleonic model. It is found that
supernova observables, such as the neutrino signal, are robustly insensitive to the appearance of
hyperons for the simulation times considered in the present study. The presence of hyperons
enables an additional channel for the appearance of dark sector particles, which is considered at
the level of the Λ hyperon decay. Assuming massless particles that escape the PNS after
being produced, these channels expedite the deleptonizing PNS and the cooling behaviour. This, in
turn, shortens the neutrino emission timescale. The present study confirms the previously
estimated upper limits on the corresponding branching ratios for low and high mass PNS, by
effectively reducing the neutrino emission timescale by a factor of two. This is consistent with
the classical argument deduced from the neutrino detection associated with SN1987A.
The study of barocaloric effect in ferroelastic Pb3(VO4)2
Authors: Cheng Pengtao , Chen Zuhua , Zhang Chengliang , Zhang Zhengming , Li Bing , Wang Dunhui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The barocaloric effect is considered as one of the most promising refrigeration with the potential to replace traditional gas compression refrigeration. One of the main obstacles to the application of barocaloric materials lies in the requirement for high driving pressures. In this paper, we report on the barocaloric effect of Pb3(VO4)2, which exhibits a ferroelastic transition from a high-temperature trigonal structure to a low-temperature monoclinic structure at 357 K, accompanied by a substantial volume change. The entropy change induced by hydrostatic pressure can reach up 14 J·kg-1·K-1 under a relatively low pressure of 80 MPa. This work is expected to expand the selection range of barocaloric materials.
Frequency shifts of high-order harmonics from ZnO crystals by the chirped laser pulses
Authors: Zhao Yu , Liu Xiao-Jin , Wang Shuang , Huo Xiao-Xin , Xing Yun-He , Zhang Jun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate theoretically the effects of chirped laser pulses on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from solids. We find that the harmonic spectra display redshifts for the driving laser pulses with negative chirp and blueshifts for those with positive chirp, which is due to the change in the instantaneous frequency of the driving laser for the different chirped pulses. The analysis of the crystal-momentum-resolved (kresolved) HHG reveals that the frequency shifts are equal for the harmonics generated by different crystal momentum channels. The frequency shifts in the cutoff region are larger than the shifts in the plateau region. With the increase of the absolute value of the chirp parameters, the frequency shifts of HHG become more significant, leading to the shifts from odd- to even-order harmonics. We also demonstrate that the frequency shifts of harmonic spectra are related to the duration of the chirped laser field, but are insensitive to the laser intensity and dephasing time.
Decoding speech intent from non-frontal cortical areas
Authors: Prakash Prashanth Ravi , Lei Tianhao , Flint Robert D , Hsieh Jason K , Fitzgerald Zachary , Mugler Emily , Templer Jessica , Goldrick Matthew A , Tate Matthew C , Rosenow Joshua , Glaser Joshua , Slutzky Marc W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Brain machine interfaces (BMIs) that can restore speech have predominantly focused on decoding speech signals from the speech motor cortices. A few studies have shown some information outside the speech motor cortices, such as in parietal and temporal lobes, that also may be useful for BMIs. The ability to use information from outside the frontal lobe could be useful not only for people with locked-in syndrome, but also to people with frontal lobe damage, which can cause nonfluent aphasia or apraxia of speech. However, temporal and parietal lobes are predominantly involved in perceptive speech processing and comprehension. Therefore, to be able to use signals from these areas in a speech BMI, it is important to ascertain that they are related to production. Here, using intracranial recordings, we sought evidence for whether, when and where neural information related to speech intent could be found in the temporal and parietal cortices Approach. Using intracranial recordings, we examined neural activity across temporal and parietal cortices to identify signals associated with speech intent. We employed causal information to distinguish speech intent from resting states and other language-related processes, such as comprehension and working memory. Neural signals were analyzed for their spatial distribution and temporal dynamics to determine their relevance to speech production. Main results. Causal information enabled us to distinguish speech intent from resting state and other processes involved in language processing or working memory. Information related to speech intent was distributed widely across the temporal and parietal lobes, including superior temporal, medial temporal, angular, and supramarginal gyri. Significance. Loss of communication due to neurological diseases can be devastating. While speech BMIs have made strides in decoding speech from frontal lobe signals, our study reveals that the temporal and parietal cortices contain information about speech production intent that can be causally decoded prior to the onset of voice. This information is distributed across a large network. This information can be used to improve current speech BMIs and potentially expand the patient population for speech BMIs to include people with frontal lobe damage from stroke or traumatic brain injury.
Nadaraya–Watson kernel smoothing as a random energy model
Authors: Zavatone-Veth Jacob A , Pehlevan Cengiz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Precise asymptotics have revealed many surprises in high-dimensional regression. These advances, however, have not extended to perhaps the simplest estimator: direct Nadaraya–Watson (NW) kernel smoothing. Here, we describe how one can use ideas from the analysis of the random energy model (REM) in statistical physics to compute sharp asymptotics for the NW estimator when the sample size is exponential in the dimension. As a simple starting point for investigation, we focus on the case in which one aims to estimate a single-index target function using a radial basis function kernel on the sphere. Our main result is a pointwise asymptotic for the NW predictor, showing that it re-scales the argument of the true link function. Our work provides a first step towards a detailed understanding of kernel smoothing in high dimensions.
Plasma displacement calculation for TT-1 device based on multiple magnetic probes fitting methods
Authors: Shu Shuangbao , Zhang Shurui , Ding Yongzhi , Luo Jiarong , Lang Xianli 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The HT-6M device has been upgraded and rebranded as the
Thailand Tokamak 1 (TT-1), which has been reinstalled and is now
operational in Thailand. In tokamak discharge experiments, precise
monitoring of plasma position and the implementation of effective
feedback control are essential for ensuring the stability of the
high-temperature plasma. Accurate calculation of plasma displacement
is critical to the success of the experiment. This paper presents a
method for calculating plasma displacement through a multi-probe
fitting technique, utilizing data from twelve magnetic field
probes. Initially, magnetic field signals generated by the plasma
are collected via multiple magnetic field probes installed
poloidally outside the vacuum chamber, coupled with corresponding
signal conditioning and integration circuits, with each probe
undergoing calibration. Subsequently, during tokamak discharges,
interference signals from the toroidal field coils, ohmic heating
coils, and vertical field coils are generated by the magnetic system
and corrected through a detailed calibration process. Lastly, the
distances between the probes and the plasma are computed using data
from the magnetic field probes, which are arranged in a circular
configuration. The least squares method is employed to formulate a
residual equation for fitting the actual plasma displacement. The
effectiveness of this approach was validated through experimental
data from the TT-1 device, demonstrating that the calculated plasma
displacement exhibits a consistent trend with the CCD video
recordings. This multi-probe displacement calculation method enables
precise control of plasma displacement, thereby providing
theoretical support for tokamak experiments and establishing a
foundation for future experimental operations and data analysis.
Changes in soil water content and lateral flow exert large effects on soil thermal dynamics across Alaskan landscapes
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Zhuang Qianlai , Liao Chang , Jorgenson M Torre 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Both lateral surface and subsurface water flow affect soil moisture dynamics, yet most land surface models only solve subsurface water movement vertically. Here, we use a 3D ecosystem model that considers both land surface and subsurface hydrologic processes to simulate soil moisture, which is then used to drive a 1-D vertical soil thermal model to simulate the soil moisture effects on soil thermal dynamics in central Alaska. Our coupled model improves soil temperature (ST) estimates by 43.5% in comparison with observational data. Soil moisture has little effect on ST during the wet season (−1.5%) and a substantial influence during the dry season (60%). Spatially, water lateral flow has significant impacts on both soil moisture and ST, causing model estimates for thawed areas in the transition season to increase by ∼10% in the study area. Our results highlight the importance of considering dynamical soil moisture, as well as lateral flow effects, on soil thermal dynamics in permafrost regions.
Eco-benign synthesis of multifunctional silver nanoparticles using leptochloa fusca for enhanced biomedical and catalytic applications
Authors: Khan Riaz Ahmad , Khan Hidayat Ullah , Shahnaz  , Tahir Kamran , Refat Moamen S , Adam Abdel Majid A , Alsuhaibani Amnah Mohammed 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The synthesis of nanomaterials with diverse biomedical and catalytic potentials is crucial in this era of rapidly advancing technology and increasing demand for innovative solutions in medicine and catalysis. The current study explores Leptochloa fusca aqueous extract for the eco-benign and cost-effective green synthesis of multifunctional silver nanoparticles (LF-AgNPs) with enormous potential of biomedical and catalytic applications. The bio-fabricated nanoparticles were characterized employing various analytical techniques including UV–Visible, FTIR, XRD, EDX, SEM and TGA. These analyses confirmed the synthesis, chemical composition, size, morphology, crystalline nature and thermal stability of LF-AgNPs. The surface plasmon resonance of LF-AgNPs was recorded at 432–436 nm and the particle size measured via SEM analysis was noted to be 30 to 200 nm. The synthesized LF-AgNPs were examined for their biomedical and catalytic applications. The binding affinity of LF-AgNPs with ssDNA and BSA was ratified spectroscopically by UV–Visible and FTIR techniques. The hyperchromism observed in the UV–vis absorption spectra, as well as changes in the FTIR spectra of ssDNA and BSA upon interaction with LF-AgNPs, indicate the formation of LF-AgNPs–ssDNA and LF-AgNPs–BSA complexes. This type of binding results in conformational changes in ssDNA and BSA structures and therefore LF-AgNPs hold potential for numerous applications like drug delivery, anticancer agents and receptor targeting. The biosynthesized LF-AgNPs were also found to have effective antioxidant (70%) and H2O2 scavenging (77%) properties. Additionally, the agar well diffusion technique demonstrated efficient antibacterial efficacy for LF-AgNPs against both Gram +ve (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram -ve (Klebsiella pneumoniae) strains with ZOI values of 19 ± 0.7 mm and 19 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. LF-AgNPs efficiently catalysed the reduction of methylene blue in less than 9 min, using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. These findings suggest that LF-AgNPs exhibit significant capability for integration into catalytic process of MB reduction and selected biomedical applications.
Modelling and validation of a 6 MV compact linear accelerator via Monte Carlo simulation using Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE)
Authors: Limbaco Maynard E , Toledo Franklin U , Tondo Renna Mae V , Nawang Salasa A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. To accurately model and validate the 6 MV Elekta Compact linear accelerator using the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE). In particular, this study focuses on the precise calibration and validation of critical parameters, including jaw collimator positioning, electron source nominal energy, flattening filter geometry, and electron source spot size, which are often not provided in technical documentation. Methods. Simulation of the Elekta CompactTM 6 MV linear accelerator was performed using the Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission (GATE) v.9.1. A 50 cm × 50 cm × 50 cm water phantom was irradiated with a source-to-surface distance of 100 cm. Percentage Depth Dose Profile (PDD) and Lateral Dose Profile (Crossplane and Inplane) were assessed as reference dose measurements. The half-length field difference (FHLD) method was introduced to optimize the jaw collimator setup. Gamma index analysis was used to quantitatively assess the accuracy of the simulated dosimetry data in relation to the actual dose measurements. Results. Crucial parameters of the Linac Head have been successfully optimized. The validation achieved Gamma-Index acceptance rates of 97.93% for the Depth Dose profile, 100% for the Crossplane (X) Dose Profile, and 93.98% for the Inplane (Y) Dose Profile, all meeting the 1%/1 mm Gamma-Index criteria. Conclusion. The simulation and calibration of the Elekta Compact Linac have achieved a reliable model with high fidelity in dosimetry calculations which could pave the way for the future development and application of new techniques using Elekta CompactTM Linear Accelerator.
The impact of digital intelligence on energy-intensive firms’ green transformation
Authors: Hao Mengge , Zhang Feng , Xu Shichun , Dong Zhixin , He Zhengxia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The green transformation of energy-intensive firms is expected to make an outstanding contribution to global carbon neutrality. Digital intelligence, the new phase of digitalization, has injected fresh momentum into corporate green development. Most previous studies focused on the green effect of digitalization using statistical data from listed firms, and failed to make detailed exploration on the impact of digital intelligence on energy-intensive firms’ green transformation based on survey data. Based on empowerment theory and technology-organization-environment theory, this study proposed a three-dimensional concept of digital intelligence, including digital intelligence technology, digital intelligence organization and digital intelligence environment. Using survey data from 348 energy-intensive firms in China, this paper employed the structural equation modeling and bootstrap test to investigate the influence of digital intelligence on energy efficiency transformation and green emission transformation, and the mediating effect of energy management. The results indicate that digital intelligence technology, digital intelligence organization and digital intelligence environment promote energy efficiency and green emission of energy-intensive firms. Energy management is the key to the green transformation of energy-intensive firms in the context of digital intelligence. Specifically, energy saving literacy, energy audit, and energy use structure optimization play the positive mediating effects between digital intelligence and energy-intensive firms’ green transformation. It is worth noting that the mediating effect of energy saving literacy between digital intelligence environment and energy-intensive firms’ green transformation is insignificant. These findings provide policy and practice references for the government and practitioners in energy-intensive industries to leverage digital intelligence to promote green sustainability.
Climate response to stratospheric aerosol injection during the Harmattan season in West Africa
Authors: Nkrumah Francis , Quenum Gandome Mayeul Leger Davy , Quagraine Kwesi A , Tilmes Simone , Klutse Nana Ama Browne , Dommo Atanas , Koffi Hubert A , Essien Patrick , Bediako Rebecca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI), a proposed climate intervention, aims to reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface by increasing the reflectivity of the atmosphere, thereby offsetting the warming effect of greenhouse gases. During the Harmattan season (December–February) in West Africa (WA), a natural meteorological phenomenon injects dust and sand particles into the atmosphere, leading to a cooling effect. In this study, we investigate the influence of SAI on West African surface temperature, dust, and other meteorological variables using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2-4.5 scenario and the Assessing Responses and Impacts of Solar Climate Intervention on the Earth system with SAI (ARISE-SAI) dataset. Our findings indicate that SAI intervention significantly impacts the projected surface temperatures, specific humidity, and wind speed changes during the Harmattan season. Compared to a future without SAI, the intervention shows a significant net cooling effect over most parts of WA during the mid-future period (2050–2069). Also, SAI intervention significantly decreases moisture content over southern and northern WA in the near-future (2035–2054), mainly due to the net cooling effects over WA, when compared to a future without SAI. This feature is enhanced in the mid-future period. The cooling effects of SAI are likely to reduce the air’s capacity to hold moisture, leading to lower specific humidity levels relative to a future without SAI. It could also have negative implications, such as increased aridity compared to a future without SAI in the northern and central regions of WA. These findings also highlight the potential for SAI to improve air quality in certain areas but also underscore the need for careful consideration of implementation strategies and possible trade-offs. The changes from SAI observed are specific to the ARISE simulation and may differ from other SAI simulations.
Escalated begging does not compromise nestling health
Authors: Parejo-Pulido Daniel , Redondo Tomás , Casquero Silvia , Pérez-Rodríguez Lorenzo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A widely accepted explanation for the reliability of offspring begging signals assumes a differential benefit model balanced by direct viability costs independent of offspring nutritional condition. However, supporting evidence for this idea is inconclusive and often hampered by methodological limitations, including differential stimulation protocols and reliance on single, potentially biased markers of nestling health. This study tested the existence of direct, intrinsic, and condition-independent allocation trade-offs between begging and body mass, immunity and oxidative stress by manipulating the begging effort of spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor) nestlings while maintaining constant food intake. We addressed potential problems of previous experimental protocols, ensuring uniform stimulation levels and evaluating multiple immune and oxidative markers. We observed no significant effects of experimentally increased begging effort in any of the 14 physiological markers analyzed, with 95% confidence intervals of effect sizes consistently including zero or one (for the lysis capacity of plasma), indicating no biologically relevant effects. Overall, our findings suggest no physiological trade-offs associated with intense begging.