bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remimazolam versus propofol in combination with esketamine for surgical abortion: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yue Linli , Ma Xiaoling , Li Na , Chen Jing , Wang Jun , Wan Zhenzhen , Yang Lin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRemimazolam is a new benzodiazepine with a short half‐life, good efficacy, and safety profiles in general anesthesia. Combining esketamine with propofol (P + E) could reduce propofol consumption and injection pain. It is, however, unclear if a low dose of remimazolam co‐administrated with esketamine (R + E) is comparable to the increasingly used P + E for surgical abortion with general anesthetic. We conducted a double‐blind randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of R + E and P + E. Two hundred patients scheduled for a surgical abortion were randomized to receive remimazolam 0.3 mg/kg plus esketamine 0.3 mg/kg (R + E), and propofol 2 mg/kg plus esketamine 0.3 mg/kg (P + E). Sedative effectiveness was evaluated by measuring the time to lose consciousness (LOC), recovery time, and successful sedation rate. Safety was assessed by hemodynamics and adverse events during and postoperation. The time to LOC and recovery time in R + E was 5 s shorter and 1 min longer than that in P + E, respectively (both p < 0.001). Success sedation rate did not differ between groups (p = 0.73). Bradycardia incidence and injection site pain were less frequent in the R + E group than that in the P + E group. More rash was observed in the R + E group compared with the P + E group (32% vs. 5%, p < 0.001), but all were mild (only chest rash) and resolved subsequently. Low dose of remimazolam when combined with esketamine has favorable profiles with rapid onset and recovery, but mild hemodynamic side effects and adverse events. It can be used as an alternative for surgical abortion with general anesthetic.
Nutritional strategies for correcting low glucose values in patients with postbariatric hypoglycaemia: A randomized controlled three‐arm crossover trial
Authors: Schönenberger Katja A. , Ferreira Antonio , Stebler Céline , Prendin Francesco , Gawinecka Joanna , Nakas Christos T. , Mühlebach Stefan , Stanga Zeno , Facchinetti Andrea , Herzig David , Bally Lia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of nutritional hypoglycaemia correction strategies in postbariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH) after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB).Materials and methodsIn a randomized, controlled, three‐arm crossover trial, eight post‐RYGB adults (mean [SD] 7.0 [1.4] years since surgery) with PBH ingested a solid mixed meal (584 kcal, 85 g carbohydrates, 21 g fat, 12 g protein) to induce hypoglycaemia on three separate days. Upon reaching plasma glucose of less than 3.0 mmol/L, hypoglycaemia was corrected with 15 g of glucose (G15), 5 g of glucose (G5) or a protein bar (P10, 10 g of protein) in random order. The primary outcome was percentage of time spent in the target plasma glucose range (3.9‐5.5 mmol/L) during 40 minutes after correction.ResultsPostcorrection time spent in the target glucose range did not differ significantly between the interventions (P = .161). However, postcorrection time with glucose less than 3.9 mmol/L was lower after G15 than P10 (P = .007), whereas time spent with glucose more than 5.5 mmol/L, peak glucose and insulin 15 minutes postcorrection were higher after G15 than G5 and P10 (P < .001). Glucagon 15 minutes postcorrection was higher after P10 than after G15 and G5 (P = .002 and P = .003, respectively). G15 resulted in rebound hypoglycaemia (< 3.0 mmol/L) in three of eight cases (38%), while no rebound hypoglycaemia occurred with G5 and P10.ConclusionsCorrecting hypoglycaemia with 15 g of glucose should be reconsidered in post‐RYGB PBH. A lower dose appears to sufficiently increase glucose levels outside the critical range in most cases, and complementary nutrients (e.g. proteins) may provide glycaemia‐stabilizing benefits.Registration number of clinical trialNTC05250271 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Deep learning techniques on 3D‐MRI lung images for detection and segmentation of COVID‐19 virus
Authors: Ahmed J. Syed Nizamudeen , Sathik M. Mohamed , Nallaperumal Krishnan , Kaliaperumal Senthamarai Kannan , Kumar Parasuraman , Thanu Arumuga Maria Devi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID‐19) has influenced billions and has significantly affected the public medical care. Because of rising distrust toward the affectability of RT‐ PCR as screening technique, clinical imaging like registered tomography offers incredible potential as option. Notwithstanding, openly accessible COVID‐19 imaging information is restricted which prompts over fitting of conventional methodologies. To address this issue, the incumbent article proposes the segmentation of Corona Virus with Edge Based Segmentation and Grey Level Co‐occurrence Matrix‐CNN model, a creative mechanized division pipeline for COVID‐19 tainted districts in the lungs, which can deal with little datasets by use as variation information bases. For the screening of COVID‐19, the converse record polymerase‐based chain response (RT‐PCR) has been viewed as best quality level. As a significant supplement for tests of RT‐PCR, the strategies of radiological imaging, for instance, X‐beams as also Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). have additionally shown viability in both flow analysis, including subsequent appraisal and assessment of infection advancement. Our strategy centers on‐the‐fly age of novel and irregular picture patches for preparing by playing out a few preprocessing techniques and misusing broad information expansion. For additional decrease of the over fitting danger, we executed a standard 3D U‐Net design rather than new or computational complex neural organization structures. Through a 5‐crease cross‐approval on 150 samples of the lung sweeps of COVID‐19 patients, we had the option to build up a profoundly exact just as vigorous division model for lungs and COVID‐19 tainted locales without over fitting on the restricted information. The article will strategize accomplished GCPSO with an accuracy of 98% for lungs and 0.761 for disease. It will show that the proposed technique beats related methodologies, propels the cutting edge for COVID‐19 division and improves clinical picture examination with restricted information.
Work arrangements and father involvement during COVID‐19 lockdown: A mixed methods study
Authors: Ni Pingping , Hong Peipei , Pan Laike , Han Xinran , Zhai Shuyi , He Jie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine how father involvement and family relationships changed during the COVID‐19 lockdown and their relations to fathers' work arrangements.BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has transformed how parents arrange their work and family in China and elsewhere. Many fathers, once working long hours at the workplace, had to adjust their work arrangements, working reduced hours or working from home.MethodThis study used a mixed methods design. Participants were parents of preschool or school‐age children in China. In Study 1, 31 mothers were interviewed about the change in father involvement and family relationships during the COVID‐19 lockdown compared with pre‐COVID‐19. In Study 2, a sample of father–mother dyads (N = 637) completed survey measures of work arrangements, father involvement, and family relationships.ResultsStudy 1 suggested increased father involvement and improved family relationships amid the lockdown and highlighted the role of fathers' work. Study 2 revealed that fathers' changed work arrangements (i.e., working from home) were associated with higher father involvement and more positive family relationships during the lockdown. Father involvement may mediate the associations between fathers' work arrangements and father–child closeness as well as mothers' marital satisfaction.Conclusion and ImplicationsWorking from home could promote involved fathering and stronger family relationships, strengthening the family's overall capacity to combat the stressors and challenges brought by the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Conclusion: Mental health and legal responses to the adolescent mental health crisis: Raising the bar on best interests and promoting family connectedness in divorcing families
Authors: Wilson Amy E. , Kline Pruett Marsha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe are currently facing an unprecedented increase in adolescent mental health problems resulting in alarmingly high levels of depression, anxiety, and suicidality. Significant mental health problems among youth pose unique challenges to families in the process of separation and divorce, as well as to family law professionals across all disciplines. The current adolescent mental health crisis calls for new ways of approaching our work with high conflict families to promote family connectedness and shift away from adversarial approaches that may exacerbate conflict and further destabilize families. As a conclusion to the special issue on adolescent mental health needs, the authors make multidisciplinary best practices recommendations and advocate for systems level changes in recognition of the needs of youth in crisis at this pivotal developmental stage.
Drug‐resistant epicrania fugax: Responding to onabotulinumtoxinA
Authors: Alberola‐Amores Francisco José , Moral‐Rubio Jorge 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEpicrania fugax (EF) is a primary headache consisting of brief paroxysms of pain, lasting 1–10 s, that move through different nerve territories of one hemicranium with a linear or zigzag trajectory, although there are some clinical variants. Preventive therapy with anti‐seizure medication such as gabapentin and lamotrigine are most commonly used in patients presenting with frequent and non‐remitting attacks. In some cases, greater occipital nerve blockades are used for short‐ or long‐term relief. Here, we report two patients with a paroxysmal EF‐type pain who meet the criteria for EF of the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, with clear triggers and autonomic ocular signs and who failed multiple preventive treatments, but had a sustained response to onabotulinumtoxinA.
Effects of nitrogen pressure on properties of sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitride
Authors: Nakashima Yuki , Zhou You , Tanabe Keisuke , Arima Souhei , Okuno Teruhisa , Hirao Kiyoshi , Ohji Tatsuki , Fukushima Manabu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe prepared sintered reaction‐bonded silicon nitride ceramics by using yttria and magnesia as sintering additives and evaluated the effects of nitrogen pressure (0.1–1.0 MPa) on their microstructure, bending strength, fracture toughness, and thermal conductivity. The ratio of β phase in the nitrided compacts varied with the pressure and increased with increasing it. Since many β grains in the nitrided compacts were formed and interlocked each other with a stable three‐dimensional structure which restricted the shrinkage during the sintering procedure, many pores remained in the sintered body. Under the middle pressure (0.3–0.5 MPa), the grains grew large because the number of formed nuclei was small. On the other hand, under the high pressures (0.8–1.0 MPa), the grains were relatively fine and uniform because of a large number of nuclei. Since the porosity and grain length depended on the nitridation mechanism, which was affected by the nitrogen pressure, the properties largely varied accordingly. The nitridation at 0.1 MPa gave the best properties in this study.
The Cyperus esculentus starch‐based bioactive films: characterisation, UV‐shielding and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Li Fangyu , Mao Shuo , Zhou Xiaobin , Li Shuyi , Lu Chengwen , Zhang Tiehua 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis study aimed to develop a novel antioxidant film for food packaging based on Cyperus esculentus starch and thymol. The mechanical, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of composite films were investigated. The C. esculentus starch showed good film‐forming properties. Incorporating of thymol improved the elongation at break and ultraviolet barrier property of the films, meanwhile decreased the moisture content of the films. Scanning electron microscopy showed good compatibility between starch matrix and thymol. The formation of hydrogen bonds between starch and thymol was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The composite films (3% thymol) exhibited higher antioxidant with DPPH scavenging capacity values of 73.22 ± 2.05% compared with control films. This study provided a potential unconventional starch for the preparation of bioactive films.
ICOS gene polymorphisms in systemic lupus erythematosus: A case–control study
Authors: Houssaini Hana , Bouallegui Emna , Abida Olfa , Tahri Safa , Elloumi Nesrine , Hachicha Hend , Marzouk Sameh , Bahloul Zouhir , Masmoudi Hatem , Fakhfakh Raouia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe inducible T‐cell costimulator (ICOS) may play an important role in adaptive immunity by regulating the interaction between T cells and antigen‐presenting cells. Disruption of this molecule can lead to autoimmune diseases, in particular systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we aimed to explore the possible association between ICOS gene polymorphisms and SLE as well as their influence on disease susceptibility and clinical outcomes. A further objective was to assess the potential impact of these polymorphisms on RNA expression. A case–control study, including 151 patients with SLE, and 291 unrelated healthy controls (HC) matched in gender, and geographical origin, was performed to genotype two polymorphisms located in the ICOS gene: rs11889031 (−693 G/A) and rs10932029 (IVS1 + 173 T/C); using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The different genotypes were validated by direct sequencing. The expression level of ICOS mRNA was assessed by quantitative PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SLE patients and HC. The results were analysed using Shesis and spss.20. Our results revealed a significant association between ICOS gene rs11889031 > CC genotype and SLE disease (codominant genetic model 1, (C/C vs. C/T), p = .001, odds ratio [OR] = 2.18 IC [1.36–3.49]); codominant genetic model 2, (C/C vs. T/T) p = .007, OR = 15.29 IC [1.97–118.5]); dominant genetic model, (C/C vs. C/T + T/T) p = .0001, OR = 2.44 IC [1.53–3.9]). Besides, there was a marginal association between rs11889031 > TT genotype and T allele with a protective role from SLE (recessive genetic model, p = .016, OR = 0.08 IC [0.01–0.63] and p = 7.6904E − 05, OR = 0.43 IC = [0.28–0.66], respectively). Moreover, statistical analysis indicated that the rs11889031 > CC genotype was linked with clinical and serological manifestations of SLE, including blood pressure, and anti‐SSA antibodies production in SLE patients. However, the ICOS gene rs10932029 polymorphism was not associated with susceptibility to SLE. On the other side, we did not note any effect of the two selected polymorphisms on the level of ICOS mRNA gene expression. The study showed a significant predisposing association of the ICOS rs11889031 > CC genotype with SLE, in contrast to a protective effect of rs11889031 > TT genotype in Tunisian patients. Our results suggest that ICOS rs11889031 may act as a risk factor for SLE and could be used as a genetic susceptibility biomarker.
Diaspora alumni networks as transnational governance actors
Authors: Walton‐Roberts Margaret , Judge Neil Amber 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiasporas are increasingly seen as an economic resource and new agents in sending state development regimes. The nature of these state‐diaspora relationships are matters of increasing interest to scholars. In this paper we examine the case of India and the current government's engagement with diaspora groups, especially alumni networks of Indian Institutes of Technology and Management. Alumni networks provide conduits for diasporas to inform homeland affairs and for home nations to project their brand of soft power and technological modernity, suggesting novel and emerging forms of transnational governance particularly in education and technological development. We offer a critical conceptual review of these issues by tracing prominent Indian diaspora alumni actors and emerging transnational diasporic governance networks and how these might inflect “national” policy frameworks in sending countries through the reproduction of caste and class privilege.
Inference of age‐dependent case‐fatality ratios for seasonal influenza virus subtypes A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 and B lineages using data from the Netherlands
Authors: McDonald Scott A. , Teirlinck Anne C. , Hooiveld Mariette , van Asten Liselotte , Meijer Adam , de Lange Marit , van Gageldonk‐Lafeber Arianne B. , Wallinga Jacco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the known relatively high disease burden of influenza, data are lacking regarding a critical epidemiological indicator, the case‐fatality ratio. Our objective was to infer age‐group and influenza (sub)type specific values by combining modelled estimates of symptomatic incidence and influenza‐attributable mortality.MethodsThe setting was the Netherlands, 2011/2012 through 2019/2020 seasons. Sentinel surveillance data from general practitioners and laboratory testing were synthesised to supply age‐group specific estimates of incidence of symptomatic infection, and ecological additive modelling was used to estimate influenza‐attributable deaths. These were combined in an Bayesian inferential framework to estimate case‐fatality ratios for influenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B, per 5‐year age‐group.ResultsCase‐fatality estimates were highest for influenza A(H3N2) followed by influenza B and then A(H1N1)pdm09 and were highest for the 85+ years age‐group, at 4.76% (95% credible interval [CrI]: 4.52–5.01%) for A(H3N2), followed by influenza B at 4.08% (95% CrI: 3.77–4.39%) and A(H1N1)pdm09 at 2.51% (95% CrI: 2.09–2.94%). For 55–59 through 85+ years, the case‐fatality risk was estimated to double with every 3.7 years of age.ConclusionsThese estimated case‐fatality ratios, per influenza sub(type) and per age‐group, constitute valuable information for public health decision‐making, for assessing the retrospective and prospective value of preventative interventions such as vaccination and for health economic evaluations.
Fabrication of CaAl12O19–CaTiO3 composites and their potential usage for TiAl alloy smelting
Authors: Li Ziyan , Du Riqing , Fu Lvping , Or Siu Wing , Gu Huazhi , Chen Ding , Yang Shuang , Huang Ao , Lv Renxiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCaAl12O19–CaTiO3 (CA6–CT) materials are fabricated using a solid sintering method to investigate the effects of TiO2 content on the phase composition, properties, and microstructure of the materials. With increasing TiO2 content, the preferential replacement of Al3+ by Ti4+ in the CA6 crystal increases the concentration of vacancy defects, thereby promoting ion diffusion and mass transfer, which improves the sintering reaction activity. However, as more TiO2 is added, the CaTiO3 phase formed increases the thermal conductivity and mean expansion coefficient of the material at high temperatures, which degrades its thermal shock stability. The CA6–CT refractory showed good corrosion resistance to the Ti6Al4V melt. Except for a slight penetration of iron element, no obvious corrosion occurred at the reaction interface.
Which immigrants are welcome: The role of worldview conflict and immigrants' social status
Authors: Mollaret Patrick , Collange Julie , Sternberg Béatrice , Gasnault Adrien , Badea Constantina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWorldview conflict has been shown to determine prejudice toward members of groups holding opposite views. In two experimental studies, we aimed at generalizing the consequences of worldview conflict to the reception of immigrants by a host population. We hypothesized that members of a host population have a more favorable attitude toward immigrants when they share the same worldviews. In Study 1 (N = 181), we took the example of same‐sex marriage and showed that participants rated immigrants who held worldviews congruent with their own more favorably. In Study 2 (N = 467), we found that members of the host population were more favorable to a naturalization request by a high‐social‐status immigrant when s/he agreed with them concerning the Black Lives Matter movement. However, that worldviews congruency effect was not found for a low‐social‐status immigrant. Consequences of worldview conflict on the reception of immigrants are discussed.
Fidaxomicin treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Koop Andree H , Travers Paul M , Khanna Sahil , Pardi Darrell S , Farraye Francis A , Hashash Jana G 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough fidaxomicin is an effective first‐line treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection, it has not been well studied in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of fidaxomicin for the treatment of C. difficile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsThis was a multicenter retrospective study of adults with inflammatory bowel disease and C. difficile infection treated with fidaxomicin with at least 3 months of follow up. The primary outcomes were treatment response, defined as resolution of C. difficile infection‐attributed diarrhea and/or negative C. difficile infection stool test, and time to C. difficile infection recurrence after fidaxomicin.ResultsThirty‐three patients (median age 42 years; 60.6% female) were included. Most patients had ulcerative colitis (26, 78.8%), were receiving treatment with a biologic or small molecule medication (19, 57.6%), and had a prior episode of C. difficile infection (26, 78.8%, median 2 episodes, range 0–15). Fidaxomicin led to resolution of C. difficile infection in 20 (60.6%) patients, with 6/20 (30.0%) developing a recurrence at a median of 55 days. Most patients who failed to respond to fidaxomicin underwent fecal microbiota transplantation (10/13, 76.9%) with resolution.ConclusionsIn this cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and C. difficile infection, 60.6% responded to treatment with fidaxomicin. Of those who did not respond, fecal microbiota transplantation was an effective therapy.
Presidential Address: Sustainable Finance and ESG Issues—ValueversusValues
Authors: STARKS LAURA T. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTIn this address, I discuss differences across investor and manager motivations for considering sustainable finance—valueversusvaluesmotivations—and how these differences contribute to misunderstandings about environmental, social, and governance investment approaches. The finance research community has the ability and responsibility to help clear up these misunderstandings through additional research, which I suggest.