bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of MR enterography versus ileo-colonoscopy in the assessment of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Ali Rasha Mostafa Mohamed , El Salam Aya Fawzy Abd , Anwar Ismail , Shehab Hany , Awadallah Maryse Youssef 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is widespread and rapidly rising in developing countries. It remains a significant issue in Western culture with a prevalence of more than 0.3%. Symptom control has been the only focus of treatment before the discovery that many individuals with IBD continue to have disease activity even in the absence of clinical symptoms. Therefore, treatment goals now include establishing clinical remission, steroid-free remission, and mucosal healing, which may eventually be complemented by transmural healing in cross-sectional imaging modalities. Magnetic resonance enterography (MRE), computed tomography enterography, and small-bowel ultrasound are now reliable methods for staging intramural lesions and extramural consequences in CD and for determining disease activity and severity. Recently literature suggests the incorporation of (MRE) for periodic reevaluation of IBD patients, as it offers small-bowel, colonic, and extra-enteric assessment as well as monitors the response to the anti-inflammatory therapy. The purpose of the current study was to compare MRE with ileo-colonoscopy findings in the diagnosis of IBD features, specifically Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, as well as in the detection of disease exacerbation (Activity).

Results
This study used MRE and ileo-colonoscopy to assess chronic inflammatory bowel disease patients; the patient population (n = 30) was made up of (14/30, 46.7%) females and (16/30, 53.3%) males, with a mean age of 32 ± SD 13 years. MRE alone detected lymphadenopathy in 73.3% of patients, and mural thickening with a mean of 4.1 ± SD 5.1 mm. It has detected mucosal enhancement with 80% sensitivity and 60% specificity. However, it was unable to detect mucosal erosions or ulceration.

Conclusions
MRE is sensitive, inexpensive, noninvasive, and radiation-free for inflammatory bowel disease detection, with 86.7% diagnostic accuracy for affected areas. Unlike ileo-colonoscopy, it could examine the entire small intestine, precisely measure the affected loop, and detect activity signs such as mural thickening and lymphadenopathy. Only ileo-colonoscopy could detect mucosal degradation and superficial ulcers. IBD treatment protocols should incorporate MRE for small-bowel, colonic, and extra-enteric assessment, monitoring of disease activity, and anti-inflammatory therapy response.
Impact of bumpers position variation on heat exchanger performance: an experimental and predictive analysis using an artificial neural network
Authors: Abdul Hussein Sarmad A. , Shbailat Suhaib J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExperimentally and numerically, the thermal performance enhancement of counterflow twin-pipe heat exchanger with bumpers position variation was explored. A set of semicircular bumpers were positioned at varying distances from the fluid flow entrance on the annulus gap of the concentric pipe heat exchanger (10–70, 70–130, and 130–190 cm). The hot water entered the inner pipe at a constant mass flow rate of 0.0167 kg/s, whereas the cold air entered the annulus gap of a concentric pipe heat exchanger at changing mass flow rates of 2 × 10−5 to 14 × 10−5 kg/s. The numerical portion comprised simulating the efficacy of the heat exchanger with a smooth pipe and varied bumper placements using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The experimental portion of the present work consisted of a series of tests to determine the optimal position of the bumpers for maximizing heat exchanger efficiency. At a constant fluid inlet temperature and with varied mass flow rates of the cold air, the numerical model was compared to the experimental results. When the bumpers are put at a distance of 130–190 cm, the heat exchanger has the highest thermal efficiency compared to other bumper placements and a smooth pipe. In all cases of the investigation, there is a good correlation between numerical and experimental data.
Data From a One-Stop-Shop Comprehensive Cancer Screening Center
Authors: Bernstein Ezra , Lev-Ari Shahar , Shapira Shiran , Leshno Ari , Sommer Udi , Al-Shamsi Humaid , Shaked Meital , Segal Ori , Galazan Lior , Hay-Levy Mori , Sror Miri , Harlap-Gat Amira , Peer Michael , Moshkowitz Menachem , Wolf Ido , Liberman Eliezer , Shenberg Gil , Gur Eyal , Elran Hanoch , Melinger Gustavo , Mashiah Jacob , Isakov Ofer , Zrifin Elad , Gluck Nathan , Dekel Roy , Kleinman Shlomi , Aviram Galit , Blachar Arye , Kessler Ada , Golan Orit , Geva Ravit , Yossepowitch Ofer , Neugut Alfred I. , Arber Nadir 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. However, by implementing evidence-based prevention strategies, 30%-50% of cancers can be detected early with improved outcomes. At the integrated cancer prevention center (ICPC), we aimed to increase early detection by screening for multiple cancers during one visit. METHODS Self-referred asymptomatic individuals, age 20-80 years, were included prospectively. Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological data were obtained by multiple specialists, and further testing was obtained based on symptoms, family history, individual risk factors, and abnormalities identified during the visit. Follow-up recommendations and diagnoses were given as appropriate. RESULTS Between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2019, 8,618 men and 8,486 women, average age 47.11 ± 11.71 years, were screened. Of 259 cancers detected through the ICPC, 49 (19.8%) were stage 0, 113 (45.6%) stage I, 30 (12.1%) stage II, 25 (10.1%) stage III, and 31(12.5%) stage IV. Seventeen cancers were missed, six of which were within the scope of the ICPC. Compared with the Israeli registry, at the ICPC, less cancers were diagnosed at a metastatic stage for breast (none v 3.7%), lung (6.7% v 11.4%), colon (20.0% v 46.2%), prostate (5.6% v 10.5%), and cervical/uterine (none v 8.5%) cancers. When compared with the average stage of detection in the United States, detection was earlier for breast, lung, prostate, and female reproductive cancers. Patient satisfaction rate was 8.35 ± 1.85 (scale 1-10). CONCLUSION We present a proof of concept study for a one-stop-shop approach to cancer screening in a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic. We successfully detected cancers at an early stage, which has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality as well as offer substantial cost savings. [Media: see text]
Dexrazoxane and Long-Term Heart Function in Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Chow Eric J. , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Doody David R. , Aplenc Richard , Armenian Saro H. , Baker K. Scott , Bhatia Smita , Blythe Nancy , Colan Steven D. , Constine Louis S. , Freyer David R. , Kopp Lisa M. , Laverdière Caroline , Leisenring Wendy M. , Sasaki Nao , Vrooman Lynda M. , Asselin Barbara L. , Schwartz Cindy L. , Lipshultz Steven E. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE For survivors of childhood cancer treated with doxorubicin, dexrazoxane is cardioprotective for at least 5 years. However, longer-term data are lacking. METHODS Within the Children's Oncology Group and the Dana Farber Cancer Institute's Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Consortium, we evaluated four randomized trials of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or Hodgkin lymphoma, who received doxorubicin with or without dexrazoxane, and a nonrandomized trial of patients with osteosarcoma who all received doxorubicin with dexrazoxane. Cumulative doxorubicin doses ranged from 100 to 600 mg/m2 across these five trials, and dexrazoxane was administered uniformly (10:1 mg/m2 ratio) as an intravenous bolus before doxorubicin. Cardiac function was prospectively assessed in survivors from these trials, plus a matched group of survivors of osteosarcoma treated with doxorubicin without dexrazoxane. Two-dimensional echocardiograms and blood biomarkers were analyzed centrally in blinded fashion. Multivariate analyses adjusted for demographic characteristics, cumulative doxorubicin dose, and chest radiotherapy determined the differences and associations by dexrazoxane status. RESULTS From 49 participating institutions, 195 participants were assessed at 18.1 ± 2.7 years since cancer diagnosis (51% dexrazoxane-exposed; cumulative doxorubicin dose 297 ± 91 mg/m2). Dexrazoxane administration was associated with superior left ventricular fractional shortening (absolute difference, +1.4% [95% CI, 0.3 to 2.5]) and ejection fraction (absolute difference, +1.6% [95% CI, 0.0 to 3.2]), and lower myocardial stress per B-type natriuretic peptide (–6.7 pg/mL [95% CI, –10.6 to –2.8]). Dexrazoxane was associated with a reduced risk of having lower left ventricular function (fractional shortening < 30% or ejection fraction < 50%; odds ratio, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.07 to 0.81]). This protective association was primarily seen in those treated with cumulative doxorubicin doses ≥ 250 mg/m2. CONCLUSION Among young adult-aged survivors of childhood cancer, dexrazoxane was associated with a cardioprotective effect nearly 20 years after initial anthracycline exposure.
Domain wall melting across a defect
Authors: Capizzi Luca , Scopa Stefano , Rottoli Federico , Calabrese Pasquale 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study the melting of a domain wall in a free-fermionic chain with a localised impurity. We find that the defect enhances quantum correlations in such a way that even the smallest scatterer leads to a linear growth of the entanglement entropy contrasting the logarithmic behaviour in the clean system. Exploiting the hydrodynamic approach and the quasiparticle picture, we provide exact predictions for the evolution of the entanglement entropy for arbitrary bipartitions. In particular, the steady production of pairs at the defect gives rise to non-local correlations among distant points. We also characterise the subleading logarithmic corrections, highlighting some universal features.
Cross-sectionally Calculated Metabolic Aging Does Not Relate to Longitudinal Metabolic Changes—Support for Stratified Aging Models
Authors: Ala-Korpela Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Kähönen Mika , Viikari Jorma , Perola Markus , Salomaa Veikko , Kettunen Johannes , Raitakari Olli T , Mäkinen Ville-Petteri 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Context
Aging varies between individuals, with profound consequences for chronic diseases and longevity. One hypothesis to explain the diversity is a genetically regulated molecular clock that runs differently between individuals. Large human studies with long enough follow-up to test the hypothesis are rare due to practical challenges, but statistical models of aging are built as proxies for the molecular clock by comparing young and old individuals cross-sectionally. These models remain untested against longitudinal data.

Objective
We applied novel methodology to test if cross-sectional modeling can distinguish slow vs accelerated aging in a human population.

Methods
We trained a machine learning model to predict age from 153 clinical and cardiometabolic traits. The model was tested against longitudinal data from another cohort. The training data came from cross-sectional surveys of the Finnish population (n = 9708; ages 25-74 years). The validation data included 3 time points across 10 years in the Young Finns Study (YFS; n = 1009; ages 24-49 years). Predicted metabolic age in 2007 was compared against observed aging rate from the 2001 visit to the 2011 visit in the YFS dataset and correlation between predicted vs observed metabolic aging was determined.

Results
The cross-sectional proxy failed to predict longitudinal observations (R2 = 0.018%, P = 0.67).

Conclusion
The finding is unexpected under the clock hypothesis that would produce a positive correlation between predicted and observed aging. Our results are better explained by a stratified model where aging rates per se are similar in adulthood but differences in starting points explain diverging metabolic fates.
An Interesting Case of Hypogonadism: Workup in a Phenotypic Male Reveals XX Genotype
Authors: Sharma Tulsi , Mehta Akshat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We present a patient case referred for evaluation of male hypogonadism with gynecomastia. On examination, he was noted to have microtestis, shorter than expected height, and bilateral gynecomastia. Further investigation revealed XX genotype and on fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis confirmed the SRY gene was present on the short arm of 1 X chromosome. This case highlights the importance of detailed history and examination and the indication for genetic counseling in selected cases.
Weight Loss From Combination Anti-Obesity Medication Regimens Can Approach that Achieved From Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Patel Priya N , Fox Claudia K , Bensignor Megan O , Bomberg Eric M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease for which treatment remains challenging. While the cornerstone treatment is lifestyle modification, the addition of anti-obesity medications leads to greater weight reduction. In cases where monotherapy with a single anti-obesity medication results in either weight stabilization or only modest weight reduction, combination regimens can be highly effective, especially those including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. We report the case of a 23-year-old male initially presenting with a body mass index of 84.3 kg/m2. In addition to lifestyle modification therapy, he was started on phentermine, topiramate, and metformin, which only resulted in weight stabilization after 1 year. Subsequently, semaglutide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) was added, along with a lower calorie diet, which resulted in a 32.5% total body weight reduction, approximating that which can be achieved following metabolic/bariatric surgery. This case highlights the potential benefit of combination anti-obesity medication regimens including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, as such regimens may provide a synergistic effect by targeting multiple eating behavior pathways simultaneously. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of combination anti-obesity medication regimens, especially among those achieving suboptimal response to monotherapies.
Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1—Reactive Oxygen Species—Caspase 11 Pathway in Neuropathic Pain Mediated by HIV gp120 With Morphine in Rats
Authors: Hayashi Kentaro , Yi Hyun , Zhu Xun , Liu Shue , Gu Jun , Takahashi Keiya , Kashiwagi Yuta , Pardo Marta , Kanda Hirotsugu , Li Heng , Levitt Roy C. , Hao Shuanglin 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Recent clinical research suggests that repeated use of opioid pain medications can increase neuropathic pain in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH). Therefore, it is significant to elucidate the exact mechanisms of HIV-related chronic pain. HIV infection and chronic morphine induce proinflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α acting through tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFRI). HIV coat proteins and/or chronic morphine increase mitochondrial superoxide in the spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH). Recently, emerging cytoplasmic caspase-11 is defined as a noncanonical inflammasome and can be activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we tested our hypothesis that HIV coat glycoprotein gp120 with chronic morphine activates a TNFRI-mtROS-caspase-11 pathway in rats, which increases neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain.

METHODS:
Neuropathic pain was induced by repeated administration of recombinant gp120 with morphine (gp120/M) in rats. Mechanical allodynia was assessed using von Frey filaments, and thermal latency using hotplate test. Protein expression of spinal TNFRI and cleaved caspase-11 was examined using western blots. The image of spinal mitochondrial superoxide was examined using MitoSox Red (mitochondrial superoxide indicator) image assay. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the location of TNFRI and caspase-11 in the SCDH. Intrathecal administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) against TNFRI, caspase-11 siRNA, or a scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide was given for antinociceptive effects. Statistical tests were done using analysis of variance (1- or 2-way), or 2-tailed t test.

RESULTS:
Intrathecal gp120/M induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia lasting for 3 weeks (P < .001). Gp120/M increased the expression of spinal TNFRI, mitochondrial superoxide, and cleaved caspase-11. Immunohistochemistry showed that TNFRI and caspase-11 were mainly expressed in the neurons of the SCDH. Intrathecal administration of antisense oligonucleotides against TNFRI, Mito-Tempol (a scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide), or caspase-11 siRNA reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in the gp120/M neuropathic pain model. Spinal knockdown of TNFRI reduced MitoSox profile cell number in the SCDH; intrathecal Mito-T decreased spinal caspase-11 expression in gp120/M rats. In the cultured B35 neurons treated with TNFα, pretreatment with Mito-Tempol reduced active caspase-11 in the neurons.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results suggest that spinal TNFRI-mtROS-caspase 11 signal pathway plays a critical role in the HIV-associated neuropathic pain state, providing a novel approach to treating chronic pain in PLWH with opioids.
Pourquoi condamner « Les Bijoux » ?
Authors: Westerwelle Karin 
Published: January 2023

Résumé
Le poème « Les Bijoux » de Charles Baudelaire, condamné par la censure du Second Empire, invite le lecteur à assister à un défilé d’images concernant une femme de couleur brune, ornée de bijoux et fardée, qui offre au regard spectateur sa nudité en dansant. La fascination érotique s’exprime par une dynamique poétique qui crée un vaste espace de références littéraires et picturales évoquant des scènes érotiques (Les Bijoux indiscrets de Diderot, le Cantique des Cantiques, l’odalisque peinte par Delacroix, Antiope peinte par Le Corrège) tout en ayant pour but de créer un « nouveau dessin » poétique. Celui-ci consiste en premier lieu en un accouplement des formes corporelles masculines et féminines et, en second lieu, en une projection de reflets fluides en mouvement qui rappellent le procédé de la phantasmagorie. Au niveau textuel, cette fluidité de la forme correspond à un art des mots critique et subversif qui sous l’exposition superficielle du corps fait voir le voyeurisme, le principe économique, l’assujettissement de la femme nue et du moi lyrique essayant de se libérer des images de convention.
Inter-imperial, Ecological Interpretations of the “Five Coolies” Myth in Penang and Medan
Authors: Wong Nicholas Y. H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article proposes resource extraction politics as a lens to analyze the relationship between Malaysian Chinese (or Mahua) literature and the global literary economy. Rather than ascribe Mahua literature to its present national boundaries and diasporic communities, the article locates its formation in inter-imperial nodes of trafficked labor and art production, as well as a global system of colonial plantations. The article revisits Zeng Huading's 曾華丁 (1906–1942) short story (1928) and Ba Ren's 巴人 (1901–1972) historical drama (1949) about the myth of five Chinese coolies and their execution in 1871 for murdering a Dutch foreman in a Deli tobacco plantation in East Sumatra. The Anglo-Dutch migration corridor, or the cross-straits coolie trade between the two imperial jurisdictions of Penang (Straits Settlements) and Medan (East Sumatra), now part of Malaysia and Indonesia respectively, was one Nanyang connection, but these writers have been discussed separately within Mahua and Yinhua 印華 (Indonesian Chinese) contexts. Ba Ren, in particular, is studied as a leftist writer who contributed artistically to the Indonesian and Chinese revolutions in the 1940s and 1950s. Here, the article rethinks Ba Ren's legacy within a Mahua corpus, and Zeng Huading's fiction within a cross-straits history of labor. This ecological reading of their works also highlights their critique of Mahua's peripheralization within a world economy and global literature.
Urban Life in Two 1920s Sino-Malay Poems
Authors: Hoogervorst Tom G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Batavia, the capital of the former Netherlands Indies, was home to a popular Chinese-run printing industry that published works in the Malay vernacular. Two 1920s Sino-Malay poems reveal firsthand accounts of the city's vibrant sociocultural landscape. Sair park (The Poem of the Park) narrates everyday life at the parks of the colonial metropole, including the opportunities these urban spaces provide for illicit encounters between men and women. Pantoen tjapgome (The Quatrain of the Lantern Festival) describes the festivities of an important holiday that increasingly drifted away from its religious origins and became a public spectacle attended by people from different ethnicities. Together, these poems provide intricate and otherwise unavailable details of everyday life in late-colonial Java. They also reveal some of the anxieties faced by its Chinese-descended population, including the specter of cultural loss and unwarranted interaction between young people from different genders and racial backgrounds. Yet despite this apparent rejection of an Indies-style hybrid modernity, an examination of the language of these poems—Batavia Malay with a substantial influence from Hokkien, the Sinitic variety historically spoken by many Chinese-Indonesian families—demonstrates that they are best approached as examples of Chinese-Indonesian acculturation.
Recreating the World in Twenty-First-Century Philippine Chinese Speculative Fiction
Authors: Lua Shirley O. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article surveys contemporary Filipino Chinese authors' interest in speculative fiction. Many of the authors of this burgeoning movement were included in the anthology Lauriat: A Filipino-Chinese Speculative Fiction Anthology (2012), edited by Charles A. Tan. These authors find speculative fiction a fruitful genre for combining Western literary techniques and material gleaned from Philippine myth and folklore.
Low HER2 expression in normal breast epithelium enables dedifferentiation and malignant transformation via chromatin opening
Authors: Hayat Ateequllah , Carter Edward P. , King Hamish W. , Ors Aysegul , Doe Aaron , Teijeiro Saul A. , Charrot Sarah , Godinho Susana , Cutillas Pedro , Mohammed Hisham , Grose Richard P. , Ficz Gabriella 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Overexpression of the HER2 protein in breast cancer patients is a predictor of poor prognosis and resistance to therapies. We used an inducible breast cancer transformation system that allows investigation of early molecular changes. HER2 overexpression to similar levels as those observed in a subtype of HER2-positive breast cancer patients induced transformation of MCF10A cells and resulted in gross morphological changes, increased anchorage-independent growth of cells, and altered the transcriptional programme of genes associated with oncogenic transformation. Global phosphoproteomic analysis during HER2 induction predominantly detected an increase in protein phosphorylation. Intriguingly, this correlated with chromatin opening, as measured by ATAC-seq on acini isolated from 3D cell culture. HER2 overexpression resulted in opening of many distal regulatory regions and promoted reprogramming-associated heterogeneity. We found that a subset of cells acquired a dedifferentiated breast stem-like phenotype, making them likely candidates for malignant transformation. Our data show that this population of cells, which counterintuitively enriches for relatively low HER2 protein abundance and increased chromatin accessibility, possesses transformational drive, resulting in increased anchorage-independent growth in vitro compared to cells not displaying a stem-like phenotype.