bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital holographic technique based breast cancer detection using transfer learning method
Authors: Thomas Leena , Sheeja M. K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe digital holographic technique is an interferometric method that provides comprehensive information on morphological traits such as cell layer thickness and shape as well as access to biophysical attributes of cells like refractive index, dry mass, and volume. This method helps characterize sample structures in three dimensions both statically and dynamically, even for transparent objects like living biological cells. This research work captures the digital holograms of breast tissues and analyzes the malignancy of the tissue using a deep learning technique. It enables dynamic measurement of the sample under investigation. Different transfer learning models such as Inception, DenseNet, SqueezeNet, VGG, and ResNet are incorporated in this work. The parameters accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1 score of different models are compared and found that the ResNet model outperforms better compared to other models.
Comparative analysis of denoising techniques in burn depth discrimination from burn hyperspectral images
Authors: Calin Mihaela Antonina , Piticescu Radu Robert , Parasca Sorin Viorel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes and compares the performance of five denoising techniques (Lee filter, gamma filter, principal component analysis, maximum noise fraction, and wavelet transform) in order to identify the most appropriate one that lead to the most accurate classification of burned tissue in hyperspectral images. Fifteen hyperspectral images of burned patients were acquired and denoising techniques were applied to each image. Spectral angle mapper classifier was used for data classification and the confusion matrix was used for quantitative evaluation of the performances of the denoising methods. The results revealed that gamma filter performed better than other denoising techniques with values of overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 91.18% and 0.8958 respectively. The lowest performance was detected for principal component analysis. In conclusion, the gamma filter could be considered an optimal choice for noise reduction in burn hyperspectral images and could be used for a more accurate diagnosis of burn depth.
Point‐of‐care optical devices in clinical imaging and screening: A review on the state of the art
Authors: Raj Reshmi , Firoz Khan Mohammad , Shariq Mohd , Ahsan Nuzhat , Singh Rinky , Kumar Basoya Pramod 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntegration of optical technologies in biomedical sciences permitted light manipulation at smaller time‐length scales for specific detection and imaging of biological entities. Similarly, advances in consumer electronics and wireless telecommunications strengthened the development of affordable and portable point‐of‐care (POC) optical devices, circumventing the necessity of conventional clinical analyses by trained personnel. However, many of the POC optical technologies translated from bench to bedside require industrial support for their commercialization and dissemination to the population. This review aims to demonstrate the intriguing progress and challenges of emerging POC devices utilizing optics for clinical imaging (depth‐resolved and perfusion imaging) and screening (infections, cancer, cardiac health, and haematologic disorders) with a focus on research studies over the previous 3 years. Special attention is given to POC optical devices that can be utilized in resource‐constrained environments.
BimetallicCoCeO2oxide nanoparticles: An efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the preparation of2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐pyran derivatives
Authors: Shaikh S. A. , Kamble V. S. , Gupta R. H. , Awale A. G. , Salunkhe S. T. , Aghav B. D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoCeO2NPs were successfully synthesized and confirmed using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. The catalytic performance of the synthesized CoCeO2NPs catalyst was examined during the one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of biologically significant 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐pyran derivatives. The reaction was easily accomplished using a one‐pot, three‐component reaction of dimedone, aryl aldehydes, and malononitrile in ethanol under reflux, with excellent yields and a short reaction time. The current catalytic system is more appealing because of its simple reaction conditions, uncomplicated product isolation, economic feasibility, and reusability of the catalyst free from significant loss of activity. This process offers an effective strategy for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐pyran derivatives.
Stream respiration exceeds CO2 evasion in a low‐energy, oligotrophic tropical stream
Authors: Solano Vanessa , Duvert Clément , Birkel Christian , Maher Damien T. , García Erica A. , Hutley Lindsay B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) can be either imported to streams through groundwater and subsurface inputs of soil‐respired CO2 or produced internally through stream metabolism. The contribution of each source to the CO2 evasion flux from streams is not well quantified, especially in the tropics, an underrepresented region in carbon (C) cycling studies. We used high‐frequency measurements of dissolved O2 and CO2 concentrations to estimate the potential contribution of stream metabolism to the CO2 evasion flux in a tropical lowland headwater stream. We found that the stream was heterotrophic all year round, with net ecosystem productivity (NEP) values ranging from 0.84 to 4.06 g C m−2 d−1 (median 1.29 g C m−2 d−1; here we expressed gross primary productivity (GPP) as a negative flux and ecosystem respiration (ER) as a positive flux). Positive NEP values were the result of a relatively low and stable GPP through the seasons, compared to a higher and more variable ER favored by the high temperatures and organic matter availability, particularly during the wet season. The CO2 evasion flux was relatively low due to low turbulence (median: 1.09 g C m−2 d−1). As a result, daily NEP rates exceeded the CO2 evasion flux with a potential contribution of 129% (median; 120–175% interquartile range), despite the strong seasonal changes in flow regime and landscape connectivity. The CO2 excess was likely transported downstream, where it was ultimately emitted to the atmosphere. Our results highlight the overwhelming importance of ER to the C cycle of low‐energy, oligotrophic tropical streams.
Unraveling seasonal and interannual nutrient variability shows exceptionally high human impact in eutrophic coastal waters
Authors: Jiang Long , Lu Xinyu , Wang Guifen , Peng Mo , Wei Aihong , Zhao Yonggang , Soetaert Karline 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNutrient import into eutrophic estuarine‐coastal zones is modulated by river discharge and anthropogenic activities (agriculture, industry, sewage, etc.). Comparing anthropogenic vs. hydrological influences on nutrient loading is important for ecosystem managers but has been a long‐standing challenge. As an attempt to fill this gap, a retrospective study was conducted using multiyear (2012–2022) data in one of the most eutrophic coastal seas in China, the Jiangsu coastal waters. Of the two main pollutants on the Jiangsu coast, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) is extremely overloaded relative to phosphate (PO4). Their spatial distribution shows clear terrestrial sources as concentrations decrease offshore. Although in each survey DIN and PO4 are enriched in low‐salinity waters, their spatially averaged concentrations are out of phase with river discharge on the seasonal and interannual scales. A box model was applied to decompose contributions of river discharge and nutrient import by anthropogenic activities. Results show that the human impacts on the interannual nutrient variability exceed those of hydrological factors on the Jiangsu coast. Anthropogenic nutrient loading decreases during 2012–2020, paralleled with the reduced fertilizer use and other nonpoint sources. Sporadic nutrient fluxes from point sources are likely responsible for the aseasonal nutrient‐rich patches. Our study demonstrates that water quality in the Jiangsu coastal waters is highly affected by anthropogenic activities. Findings in this study have broad implications for local monitoring strategies and restoration efforts and provide insight into assessing human stress from field data in global eutrophic ecosystems.
Early vs delayed enteral nutrition or parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of randomized trials
Authors: Talebi Sepide , Zeraattalab‐Motlagh Sheida , Vajdi Mahdi , Nielsen Sabrina Mai , Talebi Ali , Ghavami Abed , Moradi Sajjad , Sadeghi Erfan , Ranjbar Mahsa , Habibi Sajedeh , Sadeghi Sara , Mohammadi Hamed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe conducted an umbrella review to summarize the existing evidence on the effect of early enteral nutrition (EEN) compared with other approaches, including delayed enteral nutrition (DEN), parenteral nutrition (PN), and oral feeding (OF) on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. We performed a systematic search up to December 2021, in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science. We included systematic reviews with meta‐analyses (SRMAs) of randomized trials investigating EEN compared with DEN, PN, or OF for any clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. We used “A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews” (AMSTAR2) and the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for assessing the methodological quality of the systematic reviews and their included trial, respectively. The certainty of the evidence was rated using the “Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation” (GRADE) approach. We included 45 eligible SRMAs contributing with a total of 103 randomized controlled trials. The overall meta‐analyses showed that patients who received EEN had statistically significant beneficial effects on most outcomes compared with any control (ie, DEN, PN, or OF), including mortality, sepsis, overall complications, infection complications, multiorgan failure, anastomotic leakage, length of hospital stay, time to flatus, and serum albumin levels. No statistically significant beneficial effects were found for risk of pneumonia, noninfectious complications, vomiting, wound infection, as well as number of days of ventilation, intensive care unit days, serum protein, and pre–serum albumin levels. Our results indicate that EEN may be preferred over DEN, PN, and OF because of the beneficial effects on many clinical outcomes.
Recovery Benefit With Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Patients Receiving Rhinoplasty
Authors: Sagalow Emily S. , Estephan Leonard E. , Kumar Ayan T. , Hwang Michelle , Krein Howard , Heffelfinger Ryan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the difference in recovery when comparing total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) to inhalational gas anesthesia in patients receiving rhinoplasty.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingPostoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU).MethodsPatients who received a functional or cosmetic rhinoplasty at a single academic institution between April 2017 and November 2020 were included. Inhalational gas anesthesia was in the form of sevoflurane. Phase I recovery time, which was defined as the time it took a patient to reach ≥9/10 on the Aldrete scoring system was recorded, as well as the usage of pain medication in the PACU. The postoperative course and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were also collected.ResultsTwo hundred and two patients were identified with 149 (73.76%) who received TIVA and 53 (26.24%) who received sevoflurane. For the patients who received TIVA, the average recovery time was 101.44 minutes (standard deviation [SD]: 34.64) compared to an average recovery time of 121.09 minutes (SD: 50.19) for patients who received sevoflurane leading to a difference of 19.65 minutes (p = 0.002). Patients who received TIVA experienced less PONV (p = 0.001). There were no differences in the postoperative course including surgical or anesthesia complications, postoperative complications, hospital or Emergency Department admissions, or administration of pain medication (p > 0.05 for all).ConclusionWhen utilizing TIVA over inhalational anesthesia, patients undergoing rhinoplasty had significantly increased benefits in terms of reduced phase I recovery times and decreased incidence of PONV. TIVA was demonstrated to be a safe and efficacious method of anesthesia for this patient population.
Hydroxyurea for children with sickle cell disease in sub‐Saharan Africa: A summary of the evidence, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: Dexter Daniel , McGann Patrick T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a common and life‐threatening inherited blood disorder that affects more than 300,000 newborns per year. Because of the origins of the sickle gene mutation as a protective mechanism against malaria for those with sickle cell trait, more than 90% of annual SCD births are in sub‐Saharan Africa (sSA). Over the past several decades, there have been many important advances in the care of individuals with SCD, including early diagnosis through newborn screening programs (NBS), prophylactic penicillin, the development of vaccines to prevent invasive bacterial infections, and the emergence of hydroxyurea as the primary disease‐modifying pharmacologic therapy. These relatively simple and inexpensive interventions have significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality of sickle cell anemia (SCA) such that individuals with SCD can live longer and more complete lives. Unfortunately, although these interventions are relatively inexpensive and evidence‐based, they are only readily available for affected individuals living in high‐income settings, representing <5% of the global SCD population. In sSA, where >90% of the global SCD burden exists, SCD still results in early mortality with 50–90% of infants likely dying before reaching 5 years of age. Recently, there are an increasing number of efforts in many African countries to prioritize SCA with pilot NBS programs, improved diagnostics, and expanded SCD education for health care professionals and the general public. It is essential to include access to hydroxyurea as a core component of any SCD care program, but there are still many barriers that prevent the widespread global use of hydroxyurea. Here, we summarize what we know about SCD and hydroxyurea use in Africa and discuss a strategy to respond to what we consider to be a public health imperative to maximize access to and appropriate use of hydroxyurea for all individuals with SCD using innovative dosing and monitoring strategies.
A transformer architecture for retention time prediction in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry‐based proteomics
Authors: Pham Thang V. , Nguyen Vinh V. , Vu Duong , Henneman Alex A. , Richardson Robin A. , Piersma Sander R. , Jimenez Connie R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurate retention time (RT) prediction is important for spectral library‐based analysis in data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry‐based proteomics. The deep learning approach has demonstrated superior performance over traditional machine learning methods for this purpose. The transformer architecture is a recent development in deep learning that delivers state‐of‐the‐art performance in many fields such as natural language processing, computer vision, and biology. We assess the performance of the transformer architecture for RT prediction using datasets from five deep learning models Prosit, DeepDIA, AutoRT, DeepPhospho, and AlphaPeptDeep. The experimental results on holdout datasets and independent datasets exhibit state‐of‐the‐art performance of the transformer architecture. The software and evaluation datasets are publicly available for future development in the field.
Allosteric inhibition of TEM‐1 β lactamase: Microsecond molecular dynamics simulations provide mechanistic insights
Authors: Hellemann Erich , Nallathambi Amrita , Durrant Jacob D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstractβ‐lactam antibiotics target DD‐transpeptidases, enzymes that perform the last step of bacterial cell‐wall synthesis. To block the antimicrobial activity of these antibiotics, bacteria have evolved lactamases that render them inert. Among these, TEM‐1, a class A lactamase, has been extensively studied. In 2004, Horn et al. described a novel allosteric TEM‐1 inhibitor, FTA, that binds distant from the TEM‐1 orthosteric (penicillin‐binding) pocket. TEM‐1 has subsequently become a model for the study of allostery. In the present work, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of FTA‐bound and FTA‐absent TEM‐1, totaling ~3 μS, that provide new insight into TEM‐1 inhibition. In one of the simulations, bound FTA assumed a conformation different than that observed crystallographically. We provide evidence that the alternate pose is physiologically plausible and describe how it impacts our understanding of TEM‐1 allostery.
QSAR via multisite λ‐dynamics in the orphaned TSSK1B kinase
Authors: Liu Xiaorong , Tsang Pui Ki , Soellner Matthew B. , Brooks Charles L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultisite λ‐dynamics (MSλD) is a novel method for the calculation of relative free energies of binding for ligands to their targeted receptors. It can be readily used to examine a large number of molecules with multiple functional groups at multiple sites around a common core. This makes MSλD a powerful tool in structure‐based drug design. In the present study, MSλD is applied to calculate the relative binding free energies of 1296 inhibitors to the testis specific serine kinase 1B (TSSK1B), a validated target for male contraception. For this system, MSλD requires significantly fewer computational resources compared to traditional free energy methods like free energy perturbation or thermodynamic integration. From MSλD simulations, we examined whether modifications of a ligand at two different sites are coupled or not. Based on our calculations, we established a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) for this set of molecules and identified a site in the ligand where further modification, such as adding more polar groups, may lead to increased binding affinity.
Locational preferences of high‐level overseas talent returning to China: Evidence from microdata analysis
Authors: Liu Ye , Huang Cuiying , Zhang Fangfang , Ma Haitao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile Chinese national and local governments have made every effort to attract high‐level overseas talent, limited scholarly attention has been paid to their decision of where to stay in China. Using resume data of 3372 individuals involved in the “Thousand Talent Program”, this study makes the first attempt to identify both regional and personal factors that affect locational choices of overseas talent in China. Descriptive results show that returned talent are unevenly distributed and are mostly concentrated in a few coastal provinces. Results from conditional logit models show that both academic career prospects and (natural and man‐made) amenities play an important role in shaping overseas talent's choices of where to work, but regional prosperity exerts no effect. Alumni social networks, scientific collaboration networks, and educational trajectories are found to greatly influence their locational choices. Results from mixed models suggest that the effect of these provincial factors may vary by age, time spent abroad, the type of talent, the location of undergraduate study, and the country of stay before return. This study enhances our knowledge of the international return migration of the highly skilled by focusing on state‐led academic migration and by challenging the conventional wisdom that high‐level global talent are rootless and cosmopolitan elites with similar locational preferences.
Moving to ‘Bei–Shang–Guang’? Internal migration, local hukou barriers and labour market outcomes among college graduates in China
Authors: Zhao Mengyao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBeijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, as the major metropolitan areas in China, offer good opportunities for economic and social mobility for in‐migrants. As such, these four locations have become the primary employment destinations for recent college graduates. Meanwhile, these cities have the most stringent hukou policies nationwide, which play a key role in the urban labour market segmentation between local residents and in‐migrants. Using three waves of data from a nationally representative survey, the China College Student Survey (2010, 2013, and 2015), this paper, for the first time, examined whether Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen have emerged as an ‘upward social class escalator region’ for young adults in China. After accounting for observed demographic and human capital characteristics and migrant selectivity, migrating into Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen has been found to be positively associated with earnings attainment, and the economic benefit from relocation is greater than that experienced by migrants elsewhere in the system. However, in‐migrants to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen have fewer opportunities to enter government organisations and public enterprises. These results cast doubt on the potential for Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen to act as escalators for individuals wishing to achieve all‐around upwards social mobility in China's urban labour market. The local hukou barrier may still be a salient factor in shaping migrants' labour market outcomes in China. This study contributes to existing knowledge on escalator theory by providing empirical evidence from an emerging market country, China. More importantly, it shed light on the role of location (such as large urban centres) in the complicated relationship between social mobility and migration.
Optimizing human reliability in work shifts scheduling: A real case of clothing job shop
Authors: Akbari Arekamari Mohammad , Ghasemi Namaghi Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this research, we provide a mathematical model with an objective function of minimizing human errors for the problem of shift scheduling optimization. The unique aspects which are considered in our model are learning, forgetting, fatigue, and rest parameters (which affect the human reliability). Various problems with different human parameters, based on real cases of clothing job shops, are solved to study the efficiency and effectiveness of the optimization model. Two improved bacterial foraging algorithms are presented to handle the complexity of our problem. To examine the capability of the presented swarm intelligence algorithms in obtaining global optimum problem, we compare the results of the algorithms against the solution of basic bacterial foraging algorithm in terms of solutions quality. Results indicate that the solution approaches are more efficient in searching solution space and convergence. Analysis of different shift scheduling shows that in moderate fatigue condition, the scenario of scheduling with continuous work hours is better in terms of productivity. Also, experiments demonstrate that optimum reliable shift schedules are related to human factors. The findings of our research indicate that the presented scheduling model and improved algorithms can provide optimum shift schedules regarding human factors.