bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface‐to‐tile drain connectivity and phosphorus transport: Effect of antecedent soil moisture
Authors: Williams Mark R. , Penn Chad J. , King Kevin W. , McAfee Scott J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMacropores connecting surface soils to tile drains can alter water and nutrient transport through the subsurface. In this study, laboratory rainfall simulations with artificial macropores combined with edge‐of‐field monitoring were used to evaluate surface‐to‐tile drain connectivity and phosphorus (P) transport as a function of antecedent moisture conditions. Laboratory rainfall simulations using repacked soil boxes with different macropore layouts (i.e., no macropore, surface‐connected macropores, and disconnected macropores) were used to examine changes in water sources and flow pathways to tile drains with varying degrees of connectivity and antecedent wetness. Water, tracer, and P fluxes from a tile‐drained field were also monitored to quantify linkages among water flow pathways, antecedent wetness, and P delivery to tile drains. Both laboratory and field results showed that surface‐to‐tile drain connectivity was important for water transport through the subsurface under both dry and wet antecedent conditions. When soil conditions were dry, discharge was minimal and primarily comprised of event water that bypassed the soil matrix. Increasing wetness resulted in similar event water transport, but greater mobilization of stored pre‐event water and greater discharge; thus, the dominant source of tile water and the magnitude of tile discharge were substantially altered with changing antecedent moisture. Field data revealed that changes in drainage water source and discharge with increasing wetness impacted dissolved P transport. Dissolved P concentration decreased and loading increased with increasing wetness. Findings indicate that greater mobilization of pre‐event water under wet antecedent conditions acted as both a hydrologic and chemical buffer for subsurface dissolved P transport. Comparison of study results to water quality data from a larger edge‐of‐field network suggest that relationships between antecedent moisture conditions, water flow pathways, and P transport from the current study are broadly applicable across tile‐drained fields. Understanding processes controlling P delivery to tile drains has direct applicability for conservation practice implementation and improving process representation in models.
Predictors of adverse perinatal outcomes in fetal growth restriction using a combination of maternal clinical factors and simple ultrasound parameters
Authors: Punyapet Pathinya , Suwanrath Chitkasaem , Chainarong Natthicha , Sawaddisan Rapphon , Vichitkunakorn Polathep 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify predictors of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with fetal growth restriction (FGR) using a combination of maternal clinical factors and simple ultrasound parameters and develop a risk‐scoring model for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study of 370 non‐anomalous singleton pregnancies with FGR was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The discriminative ability was measured with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A weighted score for each predictor was calculated.ResultsAdverse perinatal outcomes occurred in 165/370 (44.6%) cases. There were eight predictive factors, including a history of pregnancy‐induced hypertension (PIH) (score = 1), chronic hypertension (score = 3), PIH (score = 2), maternal weight gain less than 8 kg (score = 1), early‐onset FGR (score = 1), estimated fetal weight less than 5th percentile (score = 2), amniotic fluid index less than 5 cm (score = 3), and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler (score = 2), with total scores ranging from 0 to 15. AUC for the eight‐item predictive model was 0.799 (95% confidence interval 0.753–0.845).ConclusionA combination of maternal clinical factors and simple ultrasound parameters showed acceptable predictive performance for adverse perinatal outcomes in FGR.
Maternal age and pregnancy outcomes in twin compared with singleton gestations
Authors: Hiersch Liran , Berger Howard , McDonald Sarah D. , Murray‐Davis Beth , Abdulaziz Kasim E. , Geary Michael , Barrett Jon , Melamed Nir ,   for DOH‐NET (Diabetes, Obesity, and Hypertension in Pregnancy Research Network) and SOON (Southern Ontario Obstetrical Network) Investigators™
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the association of advanced maternal age with pregnancy complications in twin pregnancies and compare it with that observed in singleton pregnancies.MethodsA population‐based retrospective cohort study of all patients with a singleton or twin hospital birth in Ontario, Canada, between 2012 and 2019. The primary outcome was preterm birth (PTB) less than 34 weeks. Pregnancy outcomes were stratified by maternal age groups in twin pregnancies and, separately, in singleton pregnancies.ResultsA total of 935 378 patients met the study criteria: 920503 (98.4%) had a singleton pregnancy and 14 875 (1.6%) had twins. In singletons, the rate of PTB less than 34 weeks increased progressively with increasing maternal age and was highest for patients aged 45 years or more (3.4%; adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–2.33). By contrast, in twins, although the rate of PTB less than 34 was highest patients under 20 years of age (25.3%) and was lowest among patients aged 35–39 years (11.7%), the associations between maternal age group and the risk of PTB were not statistically significant in the adjusted analysis.ConclusionAlthough the absolute rates of pregnancy complications are higher in twin pregnancies, there are considerable differences in the relationship between maternal age and the risk of certain complications between twin and singleton pregnancies.
Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder Using Machine Learning Based on Multisequence MRI Neuroimaging Features
Authors: Li Qinghe , Dong Fanghui , Gai Qun , Che Kaili , Ma Heng , Zhao Feng , Chu Tongpeng , Mao Ning , Wang Peiyuan 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies have found qualitative structural and functional brain changes in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. However, most studies ignored the complementarity of multisequence MRI neuroimaging features and cannot determine accurate biomarkers.PurposeTo evaluate machine‐learning models combined with multisequence MRI neuroimaging features to diagnose patients with MDD.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsA training cohort including 111 patients and 90 healthy controls (HCs) and a test cohort including 28 patients and 22 HCs.Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T/T1‐weighted imaging, resting‐state functional MRI with echo‐planar sequence, and single‐shot echo‐planar diffusion tensor imaging.AssessmentRecruitment and integration were used to reflect the dynamic changes of functional networks, while gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy were used to reflect the changes in the morphological and anatomical network. We then fused features with significant differences in functional, morphological, and anatomical networks to evaluate a random forest (RF) classifier to diagnose patients with MDD. Furthermore, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used to verify the stability of neuroimaging features. Linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships among multisequence neuroimaging features and the suicide risk of patients.Statistical TestsThe comparison of functional network attributes between patients and controls by two‐sample t‐test. Network‐based statistical analysis was used to identify structural and anatomical connectivity changes between MDD and HCs. The performance of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsThe performance of the RF model integrating multisequence neuroimaging features in the diagnosis of depression was significantly improved, with an AUC of 93.6%. In addition, we found that multisequence neuroimaging features could accurately predict suicide risk in patients with MDD (r = 0.691).Data ConclusionThe RF model fusing functional, morphological, and anatomical network features performed well in diagnosing patients with MDD and provided important insights into the pathological mechanisms of MDD.Evidence Level1.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Rationally designed synthetic vectors for therapeutic nucleic acid delivery against human cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Ge Xuemei , Jaijyan Dabbu K. , Wang Wei , Cheng Tong , Tang Qiyi , Wu Fei , Jin Tuo , Zhu Hua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRNA therapy represents a great way to precisely regulate cellular processes by modulating the gene expression. Despite this potential, a profound gap exists in our knowledge of how to subsequently deliver these RNAs into the specific target cells and turn therapeutically active RNAs into practical medicines. An advanced series of interlocked, thermodynamically self‐regulated processes that enable the precise assembly of functional synthetic carriers of siRNA to the target cells in vivo was developed. To demonstrate the efficacy of this delivery system, we used it to treat human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in a humanized mouse model. In this study, we use small interfering RNA (siRNA) and small complementary RNA (scRNA) to inhibit the expressions of two HCMV genes, IE1 and IE2. The auto‐regulated nanocarrier polywraplex with core‐shell structure was designed to condense and package these RNAs for delivering. To allow these particles recognize the HCMV‐infected cells, a ligand was coupled on the surface of nanoparticle, which would specifically target the HCMV‐encoded CX3CL1 chemokine receptor presented in the HCMV‐infected cells. The results demonstrated that the polywraplex conjugated with the target molecule CX3CL1 effectively and specifically delivered the siRNA/scRNA to HCMV infected cells and inhibited virus growth in vitro and in vivo.
Temperature characteristics over the Carpathian Basin‐projected changes of climate indices at regional and local scale based on bias‐adjusted CORDEX simulations
Authors: Simon Csilla , Kis Anna , Torma Csaba Zsolt 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present research focuses on temperature change signals over the Carpathian Basin with a special focus on selected lowland and mountainous subregions. High‐resolution (0.11°) EURO‐ and Med‐CORDEX regional climate model (RCM) simulations of near‐surface air temperature are analysed based on raw and bias‐adjusted data. The mini‐ensemble consists of eight RCM simulations driven by five different general circulation models for the period 1976–2099 under the high‐end RCP8.5 scenario. The high‐resolution, homogenized and quality controlled CARPATCLIM was used as a reference dataset. The selected subregions cover eight municipalities located at diverse altitudes: Bratislava, Budapest, Brassov, Debrecen, Hoverla, Novi Sad, Pécs and Poprad. The following climate indices are assessed: summer days, ice days, frost days, tropical nights, the coldest day, the warmest day, the coldest night and the warmest night. In general, for the reference period (1976–2005) bias‐adjusted RCM data showed almost perfect match with observations. Accordingly, no best performing RCM is found for all indices. The ensemble mean of the bias‐adjusted RCM simulations projects an increase (decrease) of 32% and 112% (18% and 25%) in the annual number of summer days and tropical nights (frost days and ice days) for the period 2021–2050. For 2070–2099 we can expect more frequent tropical nights (about five times) with respect to the reference period and the frequency of frost days can be halved. Profound warming manifests in the increase of the warmest temperature of day of up to 2–3°C by the near future and of 5–7°C by the end of the 21st century, which means the absolute maximum temperature can reach 44–47°C for the period 2070–2099. Our results also highlight the need for bias‐adjusted data adapted by different sectors (human health, agriculture, transport, disaster management, heritage conservation) under the national adaptation strategies.
Keratinized mucosa width assessment at implant sites using high‐frequency ultrasonography
Authors: Tavelli Lorenzo , Yu Ning , Mancini Leonardo , Barootchi Shayan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe the application of high‐frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) for assessing keratinized mucosa (KM) width at implant sites.MethodsKM width was measured at 28 implant sites exhibiting a peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence at baseline and 12 months after soft tissue augmentation. KM width assessment was performed with a periodontal probe [clinical assessment (clKM)] and with HFUS, based on the echointensity of the keratinized epithelium compared to the adjacent structures. KM width measurements on ultrasound scans were performed linearly (lnKM) and along the soft tissue profile [surface distance (sdKM)].ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed between clKM, lnKM, and sdKM at baseline, while at 12 months, sdKM (5.313 ± 1.188 mm) was significantly higher than clKM (3.98 ± 1.25 mm) and lnKM (4.068 ± 1.197 mm) (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). A linear relationship between mucosal thickness (MT) and the difference between sdKM and lnKM was observed. In 95.2% of cases with MT > 2.51 mm, the discrepancy between sdKM and lnKM was at least 1 mm.ConclusionsHFUS is a noninvasive and valuable tool for measure KM width at implant site. Evaluating KM width along the soft tissue profile as a surface distance may improve the accuracy of the assessment.
Production and characterization of Ziziphus jujuba extract‐loaded composite whey protein and pea protein beads based on sodium alginate–IFPG (insoluble fraction of Persian gum)
Authors: Khoshdouni Farahani Zahra , Mousavi Mohammad , Seyedain Ardebili Mahdi , Bakhoda Hossein 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis research was aimed at the fabrication of jujube extract (JE)‐loaded beads by extrusion, using whey protein isolate (WPI), chickpea protein concentrate (PPC) and a combination of two types of hydrocolloid insoluble fraction of Persian gum (IFPG) and sodium alginate (Al).RESULTSJE‐loaded beads with the highest encapsulation efficiency (10.87%) and polyphenol content (120.8 mg L−1 gallic acid) were obtained using Al‐IFPG/PPC at 4 °C. The Al‐IFPG, Al‐IFPG/WPI and Al‐IFPG/PPC beads revealed 5.66, 6.85 and 5.76 mm bead size, respectively, and almost all of them demonstrated a homogeneous and spherical structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data proved that the stable structure of the Al‐IFPG beads was due to hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The thermostability of beads loaded with JE based on Al‐IFPG/WPI was significantly enhanced compared to pure Al‐IFPG. Texture evaluation of JE‐loaded beads based on Al‐IFPG incorporation with WPI revealed an increment in the hardness of beads.CONCLUSIONThis study confirmed the potential of Al‐IFPG complex beads for the effective delivery of jujube extract via incorporation into pea and whey proteins and for the expansion of its use in products. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Functional properties and in vitro starch digestibility of infrared‐treated (micronized) green banana flour
Authors: Khoza Minenhle , Kayitesi Eugenie , Dlamini Bhekisisa C 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe consumption of green banana flour (GBF) products has been linked to reduced glycemic index (GI) and low risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of micronization (high‐intensity infrared heating method) on the molecular, microstructure and in vitro starch digestibility of five GBF cultivars grown in South Africa. The GBF was micronized at three surface temperatures (90, 120 and 150 °C for 30 min) and the in vitro starch digestibility was determined with Megazyme kits.RESULTSMicronization at the highest temperature (150 °C) increased the swelling power by 6.00% in all five GBF cultivars when compared to control (unmicronized GBF). Micronization slightly reduced the resistant starch (RS) of the GBF cultivars by up to 8.63%. The FHIA‐01 cultivar showed the highest RS (86.50%), whereas Grande Naine – 150 °C cultivar had the lowest RS (76.00%). Both micronized and control GBF exhibited similar X‐ray diffraction patterns with all cultivars and at all micronization temperatures. Similarly, the functional properties of the GBF were not altered by micronization when observed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy showed changes in the surface morphology of starch granules after micronization and these were dependent on temperature.CONCLUSIONOverall, micronization at 120 °C showed the best improvement in functional properties of GBF and this makes it suitable for potential application for the manufacture of instant breakfast products, baked goods and pasta. In addition, the micronized GBF cultivars retained high RS, suggesting potential health benefits for people with diabetes and obesity. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of pH on the thermal gel properties of whey protein isolate‐high acyl gellan gum
Authors: Guo Na , Ma Ying , Zhang Fangyan , Zhu Guilan , Yu Zhenyu , Dai Huanhuan , Wang Ziying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDProtein–polysaccharide gels have significant and unique properties in food formulations. However, they are susceptible to environmental influences like heat and pH. The present work investigated the effects of acid and alkali treatments on the gel properties and microstructural changes of whey protein isolate (WPI) high acyl gellan gum (HG).RESULTSThe results showed that the pH had a strong effect on the gel hardness, water‐holding capacity (WHC), free sulfhydryl groups (‐SH), and other properties of the composite gel. The hardness reached a maximum level of 282.50 g and the best WHC was 98.33% at pH 7, indicating that a suitable pH could promote this cross‐linking between the WPI and HG molecules. The rheological analysis demonstrated that the pH affected the gel formation time. Meanwhile, the gel formation time reached a maximum at pH 7, and the gel's storage modulus G′ value was the largest in the final state. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that pH affected the interaction between WPI and HG. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis also indicated that the composite gel formed a three‐dimensional network structure at pH 7–9.CONCLUSIONThese results could broaden the application of protein‐polysaccharide gels in food and delivery systems. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance evaluation of machine learning algorithms to assess soil erosion in Mediterranean farmland: A case‐study in Syria
Authors: Mohammed Safwan , Jouhra Ali , Enaruvbe Glory O. , Bashir Bashar , Barakat Mona , Alsilibe Firas , Cimusa Kulimushi Luc , Alsalman Abdullah , Szabó Szilárd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of new techniques, such as machine learning (ML), can provide better insight into the processes and drivers of soil erosion and runoff. However, the performance of these techniques to assess soil erosion in agricultural landscapes is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of four machine learning algorithms, generalized linear model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), elastic net regression (EN) and multiple adaptive regression splines (MARS), in predicting soil erosion and runoff in Syria. Soil erosion and runoff were measured on three experimental plots (2.25 m × 1.50 m × 0.50 m, 0.10 m depth in the soil), combined with three different slopes and land use types: RS (8%, olive), SS (12%, citrus), KS (20%, pomegranate). Both erosion and runoff were determined after rainfall events of >10 mm between October 2019 and April 2020. Based on 24 effective rainfall events, the average soil erosion was 0.18 ± 0.14 kg m−2 per event in KS, 0.14 ± 0.11 kg m−2 per event in SS, and 0.12 ± 0.10 kg/m2 per event in RS. Regression analysis indicated strong relationship between the rainfalls and the runoff, the highest connection was recorded in the KS plot (r2 = 0.85; p < 0.05 n = 24). The analysis of covariance indicated that only the runoff had a significant impact on soil erosion (p = 0.02) with a medium effect (ε2p = 0.26). However, the impacts of rainfall events and slope categories on soil erosion were limited (ε2p < 0.01) and not significant (p > 0.05). ML techniques were usually efficient in the prediction, the RF and MARS models were the most accurate: RF had the strongest correlation with the measured values (r = 0.85) with a low estimation error (0.06 kg m−2), but MARS's standard deviation (SD) was closer to the recorded values' SD. GLM and EN were the weakest predictor models. Modeled values of the slightest slope (8%) had the worst accuracies, and the predictions of the 12% slope were the best in all models. This study provides important insights into the usefulness of machine learning techniques and algorithms in predicting the rate of soil erosion and runoff in agricultural dominated landscapes. We highlighted that the RF and MARS algorithms were better predictors of soil erosion and runoff in the coastal region of Syria.
Balloon Sinuplasty and Stenting in the Management of Complex Frontal Sinus Outflow Tract Fractures
Authors: Davis Seth J. , Naguib Mark , Dedhia Raj D. , Bauer Ashley M. , Stephan Scott J. , Russell Paul T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveClassical management of complex fractures involving the frontal sinus outflow tract (FSOT) favors obliteration or cranialization to avoid delayed complications. We aim to exhibit success with a novel application of balloon sinuplasty and frontal stenting in the management of complex injuries disrupting the FSOT, which might have otherwise required more invasive interventions.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingSingle institution, level 1 trauma center.MethodsRetrospective review of patients presenting to a level 1 trauma center with fractures involving the FSOT. Outcomes include patency of the FSOT on imaging and endoscopy, rate of complications, degree of residual tabular displacement, and need for revision surgery.ResultsTwenty‐five patients met inclusion criteria, with complete FSOT obstruction seen in all cases on computed tomography. All patients underwent balloon sinuplasty with frontal sinus stenting; 48% underwent concurrent anterior table repair, and 36% open repair of nasoorbitoethmoid complex fractures. The mean follow‐up length was 13.9 months, at which time 91.3% of patients demonstrated radiographic and endoscopic FSOT patency. No residual sinus opacification or pneumocephalus was observed.ConclusionBalloon sinuplasty with frontal sinus stenting is a straightforward and minimally invasive technique that can create a safe sinus in complex fractures disrupting the FSOT while avoiding the need for more invasive procedures.