bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of myotonic dystrophy type 1 on temporomandibular joint and dentofacial morphology: A CBCT analysis
Authors: Evlice Burcu , Duyan Yuksel Hazal , Evlice Ahmet , Koc Filiz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neuromuscular multisystem disease. Early involvement of facial muscles may produce an extra load on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in DM1.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the morphological analyses of the bone components of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and dentofacial morphology in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients by cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).MethodsSixty‐six individuals (33 DM1, and 33 healthy subjects) age ranging from 20 to 69 were included in the study. Clinical examinations of the patients' TMJ regions and evaluation of dentofacial morphology (maxillary deficiency, open‐bite, deep palate and cross‐bite) were performed. Dental occlusion was determined based on Angle's classification. CBCT images were evaluated regarding mandibular condyle morphology (convex, angled, flat and round) and osseous changes observed in the condyle (normal, osteophyte, erosion, flattening, sclerosis). DM1‐specific morphological and bony TMJ alterations were determined.ResultsDM1 patients showed a high prevalence of morphological and osseous TMJ changes, and statistically significant skeletal alterations. The analysis of CBCT scans indicated the prevalent condylar shape among patients with DM1 was flat, the main osseous abnormality was flattening, there was a tendency towards skeletal Class II and a posterior cross‐bite was frequently detected in DM1 patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the genders on the parameters evaluated in both groups.ConclusionAdult patients with DM1 presented a high frequency of crossbite, tendency to skeletal Class II and morphological osseous alterations of TMJ. The analysis of the morphological condylar alterations in patients with DM1 may be beneficial in the diagnosis of TMJ disorders. This study reveals DM1‐specific morphological and osseous TMJ alterations to provide an appropriate orthodontic/orthognathic treatment planning to patients.
How the provision of inflation information affects pension contributions: A field experiment
Authors: Büsing Pascal , Cordes Henning , Langer Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIgnoring the effects of inflation in retirement planning can have severe consequences for an individual's future financial well‐being. Yet, many pension funds do not communicate inflation‐related information, presumably for the fear of reduced contributions once the members understand how low the “real” return on saving for retirement is. As an alternative prediction, the provision of inflation information could increase pension contributions, because it reveals possible pension shortfalls. In cooperation with a major German pension fund, we conduct a field experiment, in which we vary the inflation information provided to the fund members, to explore this important issue. Among all participants, we find mostly positive but insignificant effects of the inflation information on pension contributions. Among those participants who voluntarily changed their pension contributions after the experimental intervention, the provision of inflation information significantly raises the likelihood of increasing pension contributions.
Misrepresentation and migration
Authors: Kärnä Anders , Öhberg Patrik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn a representative democracy, politicians should either implement policies that voters want or policies that politicians believe are in voters long‐term interest, even if voters currently oppose them. The exact balance between these goals is debatable and politicians' policy engagement can tempt them to dismiss voters' preferences and resist information counter to their own policy position. In this paper, we discuss Sweden's generous migration policy and how it can serve as an example where politicians' policy engagement led them to a overly optimistic view of the implications of welcoming a large influx of refugees. Using detailed, repeated, survey data on members of parliament, we show that Swedish politicians favored a much more generous policy toward accepting refugees than voters for a long period of time. Neither observable factors nor expert knowledge can explain this difference between voters and politicians. A more likely explanations is wishful thinking and policy engagement from politicians that continued until political competition increased.
Constraints and affordances for UK doctors‐in‐training to exercise agency: A dialogical analysis
Authors: Mattick Karen , Goulding Anna , Carrieri Daniele , Brennan Nicola , Burford Bryan , Vance Gillian , Dornan Tim 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe goal of medical education is to develop clinicians who have sufficient agency (capacity to act) to practise effectively in clinical workplaces and to learn from work throughout their careers. Little research has focused on experiences of organisational structures and the role of these in constraining or affording agency. The aim of this study was to identify priorities for organisational change, by identifying and analysing key moments of agency described by doctors‐in‐training.MethodsThis was a secondary qualitative analysis of data from a large national mixed methods research programme, which examined the work and wellbeing of UK doctors‐in‐training. Using a dialogical approach, we identified 56 key moments of agency within the transcripts of 22 semi‐structured interviews with doctors based across the UK in their first year after graduation. By analysing action within the key moments from a sociocultural theoretical perspective, we identified tangible changes that healthcare organisations can make to afford agency.ResultsWhen talking about team working, participants gave specific descriptions of agency (or lack thereof) and used adversarial metaphors, but when talking about the wider healthcare system, their dialogue was disengaged and they appeared resigned to having no agency to shape the agenda. Organisational changes that could afford greater agency to doctors‐in‐training were improving induction, smoothing peaks and troughs of responsibility and providing a means of timely feedback on patient care.ConclusionsOur findings identified some organisational changes needed for doctors‐in‐training to practise effectively and learn from work. The findings also highlight a need to improve workplace‐based team dynamics and empower trainees to influence policy. By targeting change, healthcare organisations can better support doctors‐in‐training, which will ultimately benefit patients.
Rab7/Retromer‐based endolysosomal trafficking is essential for proper host invasion in rice blast
Authors: Chen Xin , Selvaraj Poonguzhali , Lin Lili , Fang Wenqin , Wu Congxian , Yang Piao , Zhang Jin , Abubakar Yakubu Saddeeq , Yang Fan , Lu Guodong , Liu Wende , Wang Zonghua , Naqvi Naweed I. , Zheng Wenhui 
Published: June 2023

Summary
Secretion is a fundamental process that plant pathogens utilize to deliver effectors into the host to downregulate immunity and promote infection.
Here, we uncover a fascinating membrane trafficking and delivery route that originates from vacuolar membranes in Magnaporthe oryzae and conduits to the host interface and plasma membrane.
To perform such secretory/trafficking function, MoRab7 first recruits the retromer complex to the vacuolar membrane, enabling recognition of a family of SNARE proteins, including MoSnc1. Live‐cell imaging confirmed a highly dynamic vesicular trafficking of the retromer complex component(s) and MoSnc1 toward and across the host interface or plasma membrane, and subsequent fusion with target membranes. Interestingly, disruption of the MoRab7/Retromer/MoSnc1‐based endolysosomal cascade affects effector secretion and fungal pathogenicity.
Taken together, we discovered an unconventional protein and membrane trafficking route starting from the fungal endolysosomes to the M. oryzae–rice interaction interface and dissect the role of MoRab7/Retromer/MoSnc1 sorting machinery in effector secretion during biotrophy and invasive growth in rice blast fungus.
Hierarchical metacommunity structure of fungal endophytes
Authors: Pan Yuanfei , Liu Mu , Sosa Alejandro , Li Bo , Shi Mang , Pan Xiaoyun 
Published: June 2023

Summary
The ecological and evolutionary processes shaping community structure and functions of microbial symbionts are known to be scale‐dependent. Nonetheless, understanding how the relative importance of these processes changes across spatial scales, and deciphering the hierarchical metacommunity structure of fungal endophytes has proven challenging.
We investigated metacommunities of endophytic fungi within leaves of an invasive plant (Alternanthera philoxeroides) across wide latitudinal transects both in its native (Argentina) and introduced (China) ranges to test whether metacommunities of fungal endophytes were structured by different drivers at different spatial scales.
We found Clementsian structures with seven discrete compartments (distinctive groups of fungal species with coincident distribution ranges), which coincided with the distribution of major watersheds. Metacommunity compartments were explicitly demarcated at three spatial scales, that is, the between‐continent, between‐compartment, and within‐compartment scales. At larger spatial scales, local environmental conditions (climate, soil, and host plant traits) were replaced by other geographical factors as principal determinants of metacommunity structure of fungal endophytes and community diversity–function relationships.
Our results reveal novel insights into the scale dependency of diversity and functions of fungal endophytes, which are likely similar for plant symbionts. These findings can potentially improve our understanding of the global patterns of fungal diversity.
Rapid drought‐recovery of gas exchange in Caragana species adapted to low mean annual precipitation
Authors: Bi Min‐Hui , Jiang Chao , Yao Guang‐Qian , Turner Neil C. , Scoffoni Christine , Fang Xiang‐Wen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile variation in mean annual precipitation (MAP) of the native habitat of a species has been shown to determine the ability of a species to resist a hydraulic decrease during drought, it remains unknown whether these variations in MAP also influence the ability of a species to recover and survive drought. Leaf hydraulic and gas exchange recovery following drought and the underlying mechanisms of these responses in six Caragana species from habitats along a large precipitation gradient were investigated during rehydration in a common garden. The gas exchange of species from arid habitats recovered more rapidly during rehydration after mild, moderate and severe drought stress treatments than species from humid habitats. The recovery of gas exchange was not associated with foliar abscisic acid concentration, but tightly related to the recovery of leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf). The recovery of Kleaf was associated with the loss of Kleaf during dehydration under mild and moderate drought stress, and to leaf xylem embolism formation under severe drought stress. Results pointed to the different ability to recover in gas exchange in six Caragana species post‐drought is associated with the MAP of the species in its native habitat.
Implementing living‐donor pediatric liver transplantation in Southern Vietnam: 15‐year results and perspectives
Authors: Tran Thanh Tri , Ho Phi Duy , Luu Nguyen An Thuan , Truong Thi Yen Nhi , Nguyen Hong Van Khanh , Bui Hai Trung , Pham Ngoc Thach , Tran Dong A. , Pirotte Thierry , Gurevich Michael , Reding Raymond 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundND2 in Ho Chi Minh City is currently the only public center that performs PLT in Southern Vietnam. In 2005, the first PLT was successfully performed, with support from Belgian experts. This study reviews the implementation of PLT at our center and evaluates the results and challenges.MethodsImplementation of PLT at ND2 required medico‐surgical team building and extensive improvement of hospital facilities. Records of 13 transplant recipients from 2005 to 2020 were studied retrospectively. Short‐ and long‐term complications, as well as the survival rates, were reported.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 8.3 ± 5.7 years. Surgical complications included one case of hepatic artery thrombosis that was successfully repaired, one case of colon perforation resulting in death from sepsis, and two cases of bile leak that were drained surgically. PTLD was observed in five patients, of whom three died. There were no cases of retransplantation. The 1‐year, 5‐year, and 10‐year patient survival rates were 84.6%, 69.2%, and 69.2%, respectively. There were no cases of complication or death among the donors.ConclusionLiving‐donor PLT was developed at ND2 for providing a life‐saving treatment to children with end‐stage liver disease. Early surgical complication rate was low, and the patient survival rate was satisfactory at 1 year. Long‐term survival decreased considerably due to PTLD. Future challenges include surgical autonomy and improvement of long‐term medical follow‐up with a particular emphasis on prevention and management of Epstein–Barr virus‐related disease.
Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals antioxidant machinery in grapevine exposed to salt and alkali stress
Authors: Lu Xu , Chen Guiping , Ma Lei , Zhang Congcong , Yan Haokai , Bao Jinyu , Nai GuoJie , Wang Wenhui , Chen Baihong , Ma Shaoying , Li Sheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPlant acclimation to salt and alkali stress is closely linked to the ability of the antioxidant system to mediate the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigated the effects of salt stress and alkali stress on ROS, antioxidant enzymes, transcriptome, and metabolome. The results showed that the levels of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage increased under salt and alkali stress, with higher concentrations observed under alkali stress than salt stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), dehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.8.5.1), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.6.5.4) varied under salt and alkali stress. The transcriptome analysis revealed the induction of signal transduction and metabolic processes and differential expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in response to salt and alkali stress. The metabolome analysis demonstrated increased ascorbic acid and glutathione under salt stress, while most phenolic acids, flavonoids, and alkaloids increased under salt and alkali stress. Integrative analysis of the metabolome and transcriptome data revealed that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway played a key role in the grapevine's response to salt stress. The total flavonoid content increased under salt and alkali stress, but the accumulation of flavonoids was higher under salt stress than alkali stress. In conclusion, our findings indicate significant differences in the antioxidant defense of grapevines under these two stresses, providing insight into distinct acclimation mechanisms in grapevine under salt and alkali stress.
Influence of adhesive fillets on fatigue behaviour of single‐strap composite repairs
Authors: Ramírez Francis M. G. , Moreira Raul D. F. , de Moura Marcelo F. S. F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe objective of this work is to analyse the influence of adhesive fillets on the fatigue/fracture behaviour of single‐strap adhesive repairs of carbon‐epoxy composites. A cohesive zone model (CZM) appropriate for high‐cycle fatigue analysis was employed. A preliminary model validation was performed using results ensuing from experimental testing of single‐strap adhesive repairs without fillets. Subsequently, the numerical model was used to investigate the effect of outer, inner and both (outer and inner) fillets on the quasi‐static strengths and on the fatigue lives of these repairs. It was concluded that inner fillets provide the best option concerning the increase of fatigue life or a maximum fatigue load for a given planned service‐life of the repaired component.
Association Between Sleep Time and Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Biomarkers Is Mediated by Abdominal Obesity Among Adolescents
Authors: De Moraes Augusto César Ferreira , Medeiros-Oliveira Vanessa Cassia , Burford Katie , Schaan Beatriz D. , Bloch Katia , de Carvalho Kênia Mara Baiocchi , Cureau Felipe Vogt , Nascimento-Ferreira Marcus Vinicius 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: Movement behaviors and abdominal obesity are associated with higher inflammatory biomarkers. However, the role of waist circumference as a mediating factor is still unknown. Thus, our aims were to (1) test the associations between 24-hour movement behavior variables (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep), abdominal obesity, and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers; and (2) investigate whether abdominal obesity had a mediating effect between the investigated associations. Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included 3591 adolescents (aged 12–17 y) from 4 Brazilian cities. Waist circumference (in centimeters; at half the distance between the iliac crest and at the lower costal margin), 24-hour movement behaviors (validated questionnaire), high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and adiponectin (serum plasma) were evaluated. We used multiple mediation regression models (95% confidence interval) to determine if waist circumference mediated the association between 24-hour movement behaviors and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Results: The results revealed that screen time and moderate to vigorous physical activity were not associated with pro- or anti-inflammatory biomarkers. However, sleep duration (in hours per day) was negatively associated with pro- (C-reactive protein, β = −0.08; 95% confidence interval, −0.38 to −0.02) and anti- (adiponectin, β = −0.31; 95% confidence interval, −2.13 to −0.12) inflammatory biomarkers. Our results also showed that waist circumference mediated the association between sleep duration and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (2.7%), and adiponectin (2.8%). Conclusion: Sleep duration was inversely associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, and these relations were mediated by abdominal obesity. Therefore, adolescents having healthy sleep can have implications for reducing waist circumference and inflammatory indicators.
Sexual well-being among young people in remote rural island communities in Scotland: a mixed methods study
Authors: MacGilleEathain Rebecah , Smith Tamsin , Steele Isabel 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundIt has been identified that rural young people face barriers to accessing support for their sexual well-being such as availability and transport, knowing healthcare staff personally, and fear of being judged negatively within their community. These factors may contribute to widening health inequalities and expose young people living in rural areas to increased risk of poor sexual well-being. Little is known about the current needs of adolescents residing in remote rural island communities (RRICs).MethodsA cross sectional mixed methods study was conducted with 473 adolescents aged 13–18 across the islands of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. Analysis included descriptive, inferential statistics and thematic analysis.Results59% (n=279) of participants held the perception there was no support, or did not know if there was support, about condoms and contraception in their local area. 48% (n=227) said that free condoms were not easily available for local young people. 60% (n=283) said they would not use youth services if they were locally available. 59% (n=279) said they did not receive enough relationships, sexual health and parenthood (RSHP) education. Opinion differed significantly by gender, school year group, and sexual orientation. Qualitative analysis identified three key themes: (1) alone yet visible, (2) silence and disapproval, and (3) safe spaces, with an underpinning theme of island cultures.ConclusionsA need for further sexual well-being support that addresses the complexities and challenges for young people residing in RRICs is identified. The intersectionality of being LGBT+ and residing in this context may increase the experience of inequality in sexual well-being support.
Obesity paradox: a myth or reality, time to reveal the fact in a South Asian cohort presenting with STE-ACS undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Mujtaba Mustajab , Ahmed Rameez , Samad Maryam , ­ Sapna , Ahmed Salik , Siddiqui Maria Noor , Rahooja Kubbra , Rasool Mohammad , Khan Sohail , Saghir Tahir , Qamar Nadeem , Karim Musa , Sial Jawaid Akbar 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesObesity is a globally well-established risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases; however, some studies have witnessed survival benefits among obese patients and this phenomenon is termed ‘the obesity paradox’. Our aim was to evaluate the existence of an obesity paradox in patients with ‘ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (STE-ACS)’ in our population.MethodsIn this observational study, we included patients presenting with STE-ACS undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Body mass index (BMI) ‘(weight (kg)/height (m)2) was calculated and patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2were categorised as obese. All the patients were observed during their hospital stay for postprocedure in-hospital morbidity (pump failure, contrast-induced nephropathy, major bleeding, cerebrovascular accident/stroke, access site complications or stent thrombosis) and mortality.ResultsA total of 1099 patients were included, out of which 78% (857) were men, and mean age was 54.66±10.9 years. The mean BMI was 27.48±4.93 kg/m2and 23.2% (255) were categorised as obese. The in-hospital morbidity rate was 13.4% (113/844) vs 8.6% (22/255); p=0.042 and in-hospital mortality rate was 1.9% (16/844) vs 4.7% (12/255); p=0.013 for non-obese and obese patients, respectively. On multivariable analysis, obesity showed paradoxical protective effect with adjusted OR of 0.59 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.96, p=0.033) for postprocedure in-hospital morbidity. However, obesity was found to be an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality with an adjusted OR of 3.13 (95% CI 1.37 to 7.15, p=0.007).ConclusionIn conclusion, we have found evidence of the obesity paradox in in-hospital morbidity, but not in mortality, after primary PCI of patients with ST-ACS in our population.