bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of 68Ga FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Detecting Liver Metastases in Different Types of Cancer
Authors: Kaplan İhsan , Kepenek Ferat , Güzel Yunus , Can Canan , Kömek Halil 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective We compared the diagnostic accuracies of 68Ga FAPI-04 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting liver metastases (LMs) in patients with different cancer types.
Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 63 patients with liver lesions who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT between May 2020 and May 2022. Patients with histopathologically confirmed primary diagnoses, data that could be accessed retrospectively, liver lesions confirmed by biopsy over at least 3–6 months of follow-up (via ultrasonography, CT, magnetic resonance imaging, PET/CT, or laboratory tests) were included. Patients with secondary malignancies or primary liver malignancies, and/or who could not be followed-up, were excluded.
Results Of the 63 total patients, 34 (54%) were female, and the mean age was 61 (30–92) years. There were 582 LMs in 51 patients and 35 benign liver lesions in 20 (12 patients had only benign and 8 both benign and malignant lesions). Of the 582 LMs, 472 (81.1%) evidenced 18F-FDG uptake and 572 (98.2%) 68Ga-FAPI uptake. The diagnostic accuracies of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT were 98% and 82%, respectively (p < 0.001; McNemar test). When the LMs were compared, the maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) value was significantly higher on 18F-FDG PET/CT than 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT (median: 6.0 vs. 5.4; p = 0.016). However, the LM-to-background ratio (TBR) was significantly higher on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT than 18F-FDG PET/CT (median: 4.1 vs. 2.1; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT detected more LMs than did 18F-FDG PET/CT, and TBR was significantly higher on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT than 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Optimal Temperature of Irrigation Fluid for Hemostasis in Neurosurgery: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Bretherton Dylan , Baker Lucy , Eftekhar Behzad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Hemostasis in neurosurgery is crucial to patient and surgery outcomes, with many techniques developed for this. One area that is not appropriately characterized despite continuous anecdotal evidence the temperature of the irrigation fluid (IF) used and its effects on stemming hemorrhages. Given the ubiquitous use of IF in neurosurgery for clearing blood from the surgical field, it is important to explore its role as a hemostat and whether or not the temperature of the IF influences its hemostatic capacity. This review explored the literature for an optimal IF temperature for hemostasis in neurosurgery.
Methods Database searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL, with citation chaining occurring where applicable. Standard terms around neurosurgery, hemostasis, and irrigation were used.
Results Seven articles were identified. No optimal temperature for hemostasis could be confidently synthesized from the literature owing to lack of primary investigation on the subject. After collating available information into common themes, it is suggested that that temperatures >38°C are preferred.
Conclusion The literature in this area is limited. Despite a lack of applicable systematic investigation on the topic, by exploring the physiology of hemostasis and IF, best practice guidelines for IF, and the literature on the role of the temperature of IF in other surgical specialties, it is suggested that a temperature in the range of 38 to 40°C would be most applicable to a value optimal for neurosurgery.
Medical Emergencies in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Seitler Samuel , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Ernst Sabine , Price Laura C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe management of acute medical emergencies in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be challenging. Patients with preexisting PH can rapidly deteriorate due to right ventricular decompensation when faced with acute physiological challenges that would usually be considered low-risk scenarios. This review considers the assessment and management of acute medical emergencies in patients with PH, encompassing both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), acknowledging these comprise the more severe groups of PH. Management protocols are described in a systems-based approach. Respiratory emergencies include pulmonary embolism, airways disease, and pneumonia; cardiac emergencies including arrhythmia and chest pain with acute myocardial infarction are discussed, alongside PH-specific emergencies such as pulmonary artery dissection and extrinsic coronary artery compression by a dilated proximal pulmonary artery. Other emergencies including sepsis, severe gastroenteritis with dehydration, syncope, and liver failure are also considered. We propose management recommendations for medical emergencies based on available evidence, international guidelines, and expert consensus. We aim to provide advice to the specialist alongside the generalist, and emergency doctors, nurses, and acute physicians in nonspecialist centers. A multidisciplinary team approach is essential in the management of patients with PH, and communication with local and specialist PH centers is paramount. Close hemodynamic monitoring during medical emergencies in patients with preexisting PH is vital, with early referral to critical care recommended given the frequent deterioration and high mortality in this setting.
Spatial localization of high-frequency particle oscillations in a complex plasma monolayer
Authors: Voronov I V , Nikolaev V S , Timofeev A V , Syrovatka R A , Lipaev A M , Zamorin D A , Klumov B A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the spatial distribution of dynamical properties in a strongly coupled confined experimental dust monolayer with a dense central region and a rarefied periphery. We show that the dust particle oscillations spectrum shifts into the low-frequency range from the center of the structure toward its periphery. Correspondingly, the high-frequency particle oscillations are localized in the central region of the system. This effect is quantitatively described within the framework of the model system of trapped screened Coulomb charges. Such spatial localization has a significant effect on the spatial distribution of dynamical parameters, such as the amplitude of particle oscillations and the coupling parameter. The obtained results might be useful for the theory of crystal formation, instabilities and phase transitions in complex (dusty) plasmas, colloidal suspensions, and Coulomb crystals.
Ultraviolet sensitivity in Higgs-Starobinsky inflation
Authors: Lee Sung Mook , Modak Tanmoy , Oda Kin-ya , Takahashi Tomo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The general scalar-tensor theory that includes all the dimension-four terms has parameter regions that can produce successful inflation consistent with cosmological observations. This theory is in fact the same as the Higgs-Starobinsky inflation, when the scalar is identified with the Standard Model Higgs boson.
We consider possible dimension-six operators constructed from non-derivative terms of the scalar field and the Ricci scalar as perturbations. We investigate how much suppression is required for these operators to avoid disrupting the successful inflationary predictions.
To ensure viable cosmological predictions, the suppression scale for the sixth power of the scalar should be as high as the Planck scale. For the other terms, much smaller scales are sufficient.
Disformal symmetry in the Universe: mimetic gravity and beyond
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Ganz Alexander 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Symmetries play an important role in fundamental physics. In gravity and field theories, particular attention has been paid to Weyl (or conformal) symmetry. However, once the theory contains a scalar field, conformal transformations of the metric can be considered a subclass of a more general type of transformation, so-called disformal transformation. Here, we investigate the implications of pure disformal symmetry in the Universe. We derive the form of general disformal invariant tensors from which we build the most general disformal invariant action. We argue that, in cosmology, disformal symmetry amounts to require that the lapse function is fully replaced by a (time-like) scalar field at the level of the action. We then show that disformal symmetry is in general an exactly equivalent formulation of general mimetic gravity. Lastly, we go beyond mimetic gravity and find that a particular class of invariance leads to seemingly Ostrogradski-like (with higher derivatives) Lagrangians, which are nevertheless absent of Ostrogradski ghosts in a cosmological background, despite having an additional degree of freedom. We also propose an application of our formalism to find new invertible disformal transformations, where the coefficient involves higher derivatives and curvature, further expanding the theory space of scalar-tensor theories.
Fast and accurate AMS-02 antiproton likelihoods for global dark matter fits
Authors: Balan Sowmiya , Kahlhoefer Felix , Korsmeier Michael , Manconi Silvia , Nippel Kathrin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The antiproton flux measurements from AMS-02 offer valuable information about the nature of dark matter, but their interpretation is complicated by large uncertainties in the modeling of cosmic ray propagation. In this work we present a novel framework to efficiently marginalise over propagation uncertainties in order to obtain robust AMS-02 likelihoods for arbitrary dark matter models. The three central ingredients of this framework are: the neural emulator , which provides highly flexible predictions of the antiproton flux; the likelihood calculator , which performs the marginalisation, taking into account the effects of solar modulation and correlations in AMS-02 data; and the global fitting framework , which allows for the combination of the resulting likelihood with a wide range of dark matter observables. We illustrate our approach by providing updated constraints on the annihilation cross section of WIMP dark matter into bottom quarks and by performing a state-of-the-art global fit of the scalar singlet dark matter model, including also recent results from direct detection and the LHC.
How accurate are flux-tube (local) gyrokinetic codes in modeling energetic particle effects on core turbulence?
Authors: Di Siena A. , Hayward-Schneider T. , Mantica P. , Citrin J. , Vannini F. , Bottino A. , Görler T. , Poli E. , Bilato R. , Sauter O. , Jenko F. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Flux-tube (local) gyrokinetic codes are widely used to simulate drift-wave turbulence in magnetic confinement devices. While a large number of studies show that flux-tube codes provide an excellent approximation for turbulent transport in medium-large devices, it still needs to be determined whether they are sufficient for modeling supra-thermal particle effects on core turbulence. This is called into question given the large temperature of energetic particles (EPs), which makes them hardly confined on a single flux-surface, but also due to the radially broad mode structure of EP-driven modes. The primary focus of this manuscript is to assess the range of validity of flux-tube codes in modeling fast ion effects by comparing radially global turbulence simulations with flux-tube results at different radial locations for realistic JET parameters using the gyrokinetic code GENE. To extend our study to a broad range of different plasma scenarios, this comparison is made for four different plasma regimes, which differ only by the profile of the ratio between the plasma kinetic and magnetic pressure. The latter is artificially rescaled to address the (i) electrostatic limit and regimes with (ii) marginally stable, (iii) weakly unstable and (iv) strongly unstable fast ion modes. These EP-driven modes are identified as Alfvénic ion temperature gradient modes (AITG)/kinetic beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (KBAE) via linear ORB5 and LIGKA simulations. It is found that the local flux-tube simulations can recover well the global results only in the electrostatic and marginally stable cases. When the AITG/KBAE becomes linearly unstable, the local approximation fails to correctly model the radially broad fast ion mode structure and the consequent global zonal patterns. According to this study, global turbulence simulations are likely required in regimes with linearly unstable AITG/KBAEs. In conditions with different fast ion-driven modes, these results might change.
Cross-sectoral analysis on the implication of ASEAN road transport electrification policies on energy security and climate
Authors: Demoral A , Yurnaidi Z , Kresnawan MR , Rosalia SA , Safrina R , Abdullah A , Bilqis A , Tirta A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Road fleet electrification is one of the key strategies of the ASEAN region in decarbonizing the transportation sector. Electric vehicles (EVs) are seen to be more efficient compared to their conventional counterpart. Moreover, reduce pollution and emission which results in negative externalities like respiratory deceases and global warming. This study aims to perform a cross-sectoral analysis of the implication of ASEAN road transport electrification policies on energy security, climate, and societal welfare. Results show that ASEAN could reach 641 million passenger vehicles by 2050, and the implementation of ASEAN countries’ EV targets increases the penetration of technologies up to 9% penetration in both private cars and buses, 13% in motorcycles, and 4% in taxicabs. Significant petroleum savings can be expected with the deployment of e-vehicles but would increase end-user electricity demand. As the region could remain highly dependent on fossil-based power generation considering the historical trend in electricity dispatch, it was found that EV deployment could rather result in GHG being emitted than mitigated. However, the technology use could still result in significant pollutants reduction improving urban health and welfare. Thus, social cost savings could be expected with the implementation of ASEAN road transport electrification policies.
‘Just’ access to electricity: Energy justice in Indonesia’s rural electrification (LISDES) program
Authors: Muyasyaroh Ayu P. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study examined issues that emerge from Indonesia’s rural electrification (LISDES) program. A qualitative study was used as an approach. Document analysis and semi-structured interviews are the methods selected for data collection. Using energy justice as an analytical framework, three categories of energy injustices were identified in the program: distributive, procedural, and recognition injustice. Unequal income to pay electricity bills; uneven geographical conditions; and unequal distribution of the population were identified as the elements of distributive injustice. Inadequate access to informational disclosure on the problems and solutions of the program; lack of meaningful participation of subnational actors; and lack of a comprehensive law and regulatory framework in place to protect private sectors in the program were demonstrated as the elements of procedural injustice. Lastly, a lack of understanding of the various meanings of electricity as the key to public welfare; and non-recognition of distinctive socioeconomic characteristics in various locations of Indonesia were found as the key elements of recognition injustice. These findings suggest that to achieve 'just' access to electricity in the LISDES program, it is critical to address all elements of energy injustice identified in the program and clearly define long-term goals for the program.
The Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) Model-Based Analysis on Appliances Acquisition in the Philippines: An Empirical Study on Consumers’ Behavior towards Purchasing Refrigerators
Authors: Jornales Daniel Collin G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Through the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) Model, the paper was designed to answer five (5) questions: (a) What are the factors affecting the decision of the Filipinos in buying refrigerators?; (b) What are the reasons that encourage Filipinos to purchase refrigerators?; (c) What is the relationship between energy labels and the purchasing behavior of the Filipinos?; (d) What are the internal and external referents associated in purchasing behavior?; and (e) How do socio-demographics affect the purchasing behavior? SOR explains that several external aspects can act as a stimulus which influences a person’s internal state, referring to the organism, which will result to certain behavioral response. The prevailing motivation of consumers rely on their hedonic behavior which attributes with the experiences of sensory appeals including emotion and gratification The study suggests that the consumers lack ample knowledge and capacity to use their familiarity and awareness on the existence of energy labels on making sound decisions when purchasing refrigerators. The importance of energy labels was being set aside by the consumers when being conflicted with the product’s brand, features, and aesthetics. Subsequent interventions of government may be necessary in order to address the gap between the consumers purchasing motivation and purchasing behavior. The intensification of information campaign and supporting policies may provide avenue to ensure that consumers are empowered on choosing energy efficient appliances. Furthermore, the development of a comprehensive communication plan that will cut across sector may address the concerns on the appliances acquisition of the Filipinos.
Optimization of a hybrid renewable energy system for a rural community using PSO
Authors: Bismark Kent Marc Kobe C. , Caballa Lorenzo Gabriel C. , Yap Christine Monique F. , Peña Robert Alfie S. , Parocha Raymark C. , Macabebe Erees Queen B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
With the Philippines’ goal towards developing sustainable energy systems, hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) help the electrification goals of the nation especially in rural areas, while creating a safe and clean environment by decreasing greenhouse gases. The installation of HRES in these areas have the potential to improve energy access by utilizing renewable sources of energy, namely solar, wind, and hydro power. To ensure efficient management between the total power generation and total village load demand, a power network is built to reduce power interruptions due to the intermittent nature of the selected energy sources. This paper presents the integration of an energy management system (EMS) using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to direct and allocate the energy generated by a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) designed through the HOMER Pro software. The results from the HOMER Pro simulations were used as input to the PSO algorithm to minimize the overall operational costs of the microgrid. The current and future load scenarios of the community were considered in the proposed HRES and the operational and levelized cost comparison are presented in this paper.
Spatio-Temporal Mapping and Monitoring of Mangrove Forests Changes from 1991 to 2021 in Panay Island, Philippines using Machine Learning
Authors: Daquinan G L , Guirhem G L , Mediodia D P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Mangrove forests hold a crucial role in our social, economic, and ecological activities. Despite this immense importance, they are constantly threatened by reclamation, deforestation, and climate change. In order to forward conservation and restoration efforts, accurate and cost-effective mangrove mapping and monitoring must be done. This paper explores the use of a supervised learning algorithm called Random Forest (RF) in mapping mangrove extent in Panay Island, Philippines from 1991-to 2021. Using land cover data from Landsat, maps of the mangrove extent from 1991to 2021 were developed. Results revealed that there has been an 8% decline from 1991 to 1996; 24% decrease in 1996 to 2001; 6% increase in 2001 to 2006; 21% decline from 2006 to 2011; 17% increase in 2011-2016; and 16% increase in 2016 to 2021. Over the past three (3) decades, the Philippines has lost 20% of its mangrove forests. From 31713 ha in 1991 to only 25313 ha in 2021. Through a confusion matrix, the model was evaluated and it showed a specificity, sensitivity, and AUC(Area Under the ROC Curve) above 70%. This suggests that, machine learning, when integrated with remote sensing, can provide an effective yet low-cost approach to mapping mangrove extent at a large-scale.
The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) prostate: a comprehensive histological and immunohistochemical investigation
Authors: Campbell Yolande , Palmieri Chiara , Pagliarani Sara , Gordon Jo , Johnston Stephen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The prostate of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), and of marsupials more generally, is the primary contributor of seminal fluid, yet comparatively little is known about its microanatomy or biochemistry. This study explored evidence of parenchymal segmentation of the koala prostate. The prostate of three sexually mature koalas were processed for histopathology, histochemistry (Masson’s trichrome, Alcian Blue, periodic acid Schiff staining), and immunohistochemistry using basal (tumor protein 63, cytokeratin 14) and luminal (cytokeratin 8/18, prostate specific antigen, androgen receptor) markers. Results confirmed clear segmentation of the koala prostate into three zones, anterior, central, and posterior, characterized by differences in the proportion of glandular tissue, as well as the thickness of collagen fibers; there were also distinct differences in the secretions produced in each zone. Based on immunohistochemistry, the koala prostate showed evidence of both basal proliferative and luminal secretory cells. The ratio of cell types varied across the three segments, with the central segment housing the highest density of basal cells. Globular bodies produced in the anterior zone were shown to possess the same markers as those described for human prostasomes. This study is the first to comprehensively document the marsupial prostate in terms of microanatomy and corresponding immunohistochemistry. While further biochemical analysis, such as proteomics of each segment will better define the relative functions of each tissue, the data presented here are consistent with the hypothesis that the koala prostate potentially represents an example of an ontological stage in the evolutionary differentiation of male eutherian accessory glands.
State-of-the-Art Review: Neurosyphilis
Authors: Hamill Matthew M , Ghanem Khalil G , Tuddenham Susan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We review key concepts in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of individuals with neurosyphilis. We describe the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, highlight populations that are markedly affected by this infection, and attempt to estimate the burden of neurosyphilis. We describe the cardinal clinical features of early and late (tertiary) neurosyphilis and characterize the clinical significance of asymptomatic neurosyphilis in the antibiotic era. We review the indications for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination and the performance characteristics of different CSF assays including treponemal and lipoidal antibodies, white cell count, and protein concentration. Future biomarkers and the role of imaging are briefly considered. We review preferred and alternative treatments for neurosyphilis and evidence for their use, including evidence for the use of enhanced intramuscular benzathine penicillin G to supplement intravenous penicillin.