bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photonitration of pyrene adsorbed on silica gel with NO2
Authors: Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Mabuchi Reona , Kagaya Shigehiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo examine the heterogeneous photonitration of pyrene with NO2 (approximately 0.2 ppm) on a heavy-traffic road, we studied the photonitration of pyrene adsorbed (pyreneads) on silica gel, which was used as SiO2 in particulate matter (PM), with NO2 (10.2, 2.0, and 0.20 ppm) under the atmospheric concentration ratio of pyreneads to NO2 and compared the results with those obtained in the dark. The effects of irradiation, wavelength, and oxygen concentration in a NO2 diluent on the photonitration were examined using a fluidized-bed column irradiated with simulated or real sunlight. Under the UV-light absorption of pyrene, the concentration of pyrene decreased exponentially in accordance with a pseudo-first-order reaction, while in the dark, it decreased sigmoidally in accordance with a H+-autocatalyzed reaction. The distribution and the yields of formed nitration products and their photooxidation products were affected by the light intensity, concentrations of NO2, and oxygen in the NO2 diluent. In the photonitration experiments using a high-pressure mercury lamp, formed 1-nitropyrene and minor dinitropyrenes were decreased by the transformation into their photooxidation products. Under 8-h exposure of pyrene to 10.2-ppm NO2, the yield of 1-nitropyrene was 42% in N2 and 28% in air. The oxygen inhibitory effect can be explained by the energy transfer from 1pyrene* to oxygen. Radical cation intermediate (pyrene•+-NO2−) was proposed for 1-nitropyrene formation. Under 24-h exposure of pyrene to 2.0-ppm NO2, the yields of 1-nitropyrene and the photooxidation products were 21.6% and 8.0%, respectively, in N2 and 4.9% and 3.8%, respectively, in air. Under 24-h exposure of pyrene to 0.20-ppm NO2, which is two times the 1-h NO2 standard in the USA and China, the yields of 1-nitropyrene and the photooxidation products were 2.3% and 3.4%, respectively, in N2 and 2.1% and 0.9%, respectively, in air. The significant decrease in the yields of 1-nitropyrene and the photooxidation products under the concentration of 0.20-ppm NO2 can be explained by their easy photodecomposition with the increase in the photolysis of pyrene. Under the concentration of 0.20-ppm NO2 in air, which is approximately the concentration on heavy-traffic roads, the decay rate of pyrene by the photonitration was increased by own photolysis, although the photonitration was inhibited by oxygen in air.
‘Pearls’ of the nineteenth-century: from therapeutic actors to global commodities medicinal leeches in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Arabacı Büşra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNineteenth-century physicians increasingly favoured leeching – the placing of a live leech onto a patient’s skin to stimulate or limit blood flow – as a cure for numerous ailments. As conviction in their therapeutic properties spread, leech therapy dominated European medicine; France imported over fifty million leeches in one year. Demand soon outpaced supply, spawning a lucrative global trade. Over-collection and farming eventually destroyed leech habitats, wreaked environmental havoc and forced European merchants to seek new supply sources. Vast colonies of leeches were found to inhabit the immense wetlands of the Ottoman Empire, which soon became a major exporter of medicinal leeches. Following the Treaty of Balta Liman (1838), the Ottoman state moved to exert control over the lucrative trade, imposing a tax on leech gathering and contracting with tax-farmers (mültezim) to collect the taxes. British diplomats, merchants and other stakeholders protested the imposition of the tax, as had previously happened with the commodification of wildlife; their pursuit of profit led collectors and farmers to over-gather leeches, with catastrophic consequences. By the end of the century, so great had their worth climbed that the leech population faced extinction. This paper situates medicinal leeches as therapeutic actors of history and adopts an interscale approach in formulating the human-leech interaction. It offers a substantive contribution to the history of medicine, in revealing the centrality of leeches to the rise of modern medicine and global trade, but also by making visible their role in shaping imperial diplomacy and worldwide economic markets.
Participating in eradication: how Guinea worm redefined eradication, and eradication redefined Guinea worm, 1985–2022
Authors: Roberts Jonathan David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGuinea worm disease (dracunculiasis) is a debilitating waterborne disease. Once widespread, it is now on the brink of eradication. However, the Guinea Worm Eradication Programme (GWEP), like guinea worm itself, has been under-studied by historians. The GWEP demonstrates an unusual model of eradication, one focused on primary healthcare (PHC), community participation, health education and behavioural change (safe drinking). The PHC movement collided with a waterborne disease, which required rapid but straightforward treatment to prevent transmission, creating a historical space for the emergence of village-based volunteer health workers, as local actors realigned global health policy on a local level. These Village Volunteers placed eradication in the hands of residents of endemic areas, epitomising the participation-focused nature of the GWEP. This participatory mode of eradication highlights the agency of those in endemic areas, who, through volunteering, safe drinking and community self-help, have been the driving force behind dracunculiasis eradication. In the twenty-first century, guinea worm has become firstly a problem of human mobility, as global health has struggled to contain cases in refugees and nomads, and latterly a zoonotic disease, as guinea worm has shifted hosts to become primarily a parasite of dogs. This demonstrates both the potential of One Health approaches and the need for One Health to adopt from PHC and the GWEP a focus on the health of humans and animals in isolated and impoverished areas. Guinea worm demonstrates how the biological and the historical interact, with the GWEP and guinea worm shaping each other over the course of the eradication programme.
Age, growth and otolith morphometrics of Serranus hepatus (L., 1758) in two areas of the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Nikiforidou Vasiliki , Gkikas Emmanouil , Mytilineou Chryssi , Haralabous John , Koutsoubas Drosos , Anastasopoulou Aikaterini 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Serranus hepatus is a bycatch species in the Mediterranean trawl fishery for which knowledge on biological features such as otolith morphology is generally poor in the Mediterranean Sea. In the present study, the weight–length relationship, age, growth and ten otolith morphometric variables of this species were investigated in two distant areas, the Eastern Ionian and southwestern Aegean Seas. Isometric growth in weight was defined in both areas. Growth parameters also did not differ between the two study areas. Six of the otolith variables (radius, otolith length, otolith width, otolith area, perimeter and ellipticity) showed a significant relationship with size without significant differences between the two areas. Significant differences between the two areas were only defined for five of the morphometric variables (otolith length, width and area being the most important). Further studies to discriminate between potential stocks of S. hepatus seem to be necessary, information that is needed for stock identification, stock assessment and fisheries management.
Compass adjustment by GPS (or any other GNSS receiver) and a single visual reference
Authors: Moncunill Marimón Jorge , Martínez de Osés Francisco Javier , Cabal Álvarez Rafael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a proper compass adjustment method using only a GPS (or any other GNSS receiver) and a single visual reference to enhance the efficiency of compass adjustment. During compass adjustment, the ship proceeds on magnetic courses using a gyroscopic or satellite compass and considering magnetic declination. However, non-magnetic compasses are only compulsory for ships of 500 gross tonnage or upwards (SOLAS V/19.2.5.1). Many ships of less than 500 gross tonnage have only a magnetic compass to indicate heading. In these cases, a minimum of five leading lines or a minimum of five bearings of conspicuous and distant points or sun azimuths are necessary to adjust the compass. This makes compass adjustment more laborious and time consuming. To expedite this process, a reliable and practical method was developed to use the courses over ground given by a GNSS receiver and a single visual reference instead of the headings provided by a gyroscopic or satellite compass. The method is valid for all ships, but is primarily intended for those equipped with only a magnetic compass to indicate heading.
Prevalence and shared risk factors of HIV in three key populations in Vietnam: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Patricia , Docrat Ashraf 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HIV among each of the three key populations in Vietnam: people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSW), and men who have sex with men (MSM) and quantify their shared risk factors for HIV infection through a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature (published in 2001–2017) in the relevant topics. A total of 17 studies consisting of 16,304 participants were selected in this review. The meta-analysis results revealed that the pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) among PWID, FSW, and MSM were: 0.293 (0.164, 0.421), 0.075 (0.060, 0.089), and 0.085 (0.044, 0.126), respectively. The findings also indicated that injecting drug use (OR: 9.88, 95%CI: 4.47–15.28), multiperson use of injecting equipment (OR: 2.91, 95%CI: 1.69, 4.17), and inconsistent condom use (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.33, 2.90) were the shared risk factors for HIV infection among these population groups. The findings highlighted the importance of HIV prevention approaches to addressing the shared sexual and drug-related practices among the key populations in consideration of their overlapping social networks.
Interannual Migration of the Summertime Eastward Jet in the South China Sea Associated With the Upper Layer Thickness Distribution
Authors: Sun Yan , Lan Jian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe summertime eastward jet (SEJ) in the South China Sea (SCS) can be regarded as the boundary between the southern and northern upper circulation of the SCS in climatology. The dynamic process of SEJ migration in response to the variation of SCS summer monsoon (SCSSM) strength on the interannual scale is investigated, based on the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) dataset and by a 1.5‐layer reduced gravity model. Analysis shows that SEJ position is closely related to SCSSM strength, with southward/northward migration of SEJ coinciding with stronger/weaker SCSSM. Besides migration of wind stress curl (WSC) zero‐line and north‐south difference of WSC variation, the north‐south difference of the SCS upper layer thickness (ULT) in summer, that is, thick in the southern SCS and thin in the northern SCS, also plays a significant role in the dynamic process of SEJ migration. It is the joint effect of wind strength and ULT distribution. With the variation of SCSSM strength, the thinner ULT in the northern SCS corresponds to the larger magnitude of potential vorticity (PV) variation inputted by wind stress, which leads to more pronounced strengthening/weakening of the western boundary current (WBC) in the northern SCS than that in the southern SCS. Then, the north and south WBCs compete with each other until the upper layer circulation reaches a new equilibrium state, and SEJ migrates southward/northward accordingly.
Localization of Deformation in a Non‐Collisional Subduction Orogen: The Roles of Dip Geometry and Plate Strength on the Evolution of the Broken Andean Foreland, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina
Authors: Pons Michaël , Rodriguez Piceda Constanza , Sobolev Stephan V. , Scheck‐Wenderoth Magdalena , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe southern Central Andes (SCA, 27°–40°S) exhibit a complex deformation pattern that is influenced by multiple factors, including the present‐day dip angle of the subducting oceanic Nazca plate and the influence of inherited heterogeneities in the continental South American plate. This study employs a data‐driven geodynamic workflow to assess the role of various forcing factors in determining upper‐plate strain localization, both above the flat slab and the steeper segment to the south. These include the dip angle of the Nazca plate, the mechanically weak sedimentary basins, the thickness and composition of the continental crust, the strength of the subduction interface, and the plate velocities. Our modeling results predict two main deformation modes: (a) pure‐shear shortening in the broken foreland above the flat‐slab segment and eastward propagation of deformation, and (b) simple‐shear shortening restricted to the eastern margin of the Andean fold‐and‐thrust belt above the steep‐slab segment. While the convergence velocity and the frictional strength of the subduction interface primarily control the intensity of the deformation, inherited heterogeneities tend to localize deformation, and weak sediments leads to intensified surface deformation. Thicker crust and surface topography also influences strain localization by transferring stress to the eastern orogenic front. Above the flat‐slab segment deformation migrates eastward, which is facilitated by enhanced interface coupling. The transition between the steep and sub‐horizontal subduction segments is characterized by a diffuse transpressional shear zone, likely controlled by the change in dip geometry of the Nazca plate, and the presence of inherited faults and weak sedimentary basins.
XPO1 inhibition sensitises CLL cells to NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and overcomes HLA-E expression
Authors: Fisher Jack G. , Doyle Amber D. P. , Graham Lara V. , Sonar Shreyanshi , Sale Ben , Henderson Isla , Del Rio Luis , Johnson Peter W. M. , Landesman Yosef , Cragg Mark S. , Forconi Francesco , Walker Christopher J. , Khakoo Salim. I. , Blunt Matthew D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe first-in-class inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1) selinexor is currently under clinical investigation in combination with the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Selinexor induces apoptosis of tumour cells through nuclear retention of tumour suppressor proteins and has also recently been described to modulate natural killer (NK) cell and T cell cytotoxicity against lymphoma cells. Here, we demonstrate that XPO1 inhibition enhances NK cell effector function against primary CLL cells via downregulation of HLA-E and upregulation of TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5. Furthermore, selinexor potentiates NK cell activation against CLL cells in combination with several approved treatments; acalabrutinib, rituximab and obinutuzumab. We further demonstrate that lymph node associated signals (IL-4 + CD40L) inhibit NK cell activation against CLL cells via upregulation of HLA-E, and that inhibition of XPO1 can overcome this protective effect. These findings allow for the design of more efficacious combination strategies to harness NK cell effector functions against CLL.
The TRIM37 variants in Mulibrey nanism patients paralyze follicular helper T cell differentiation
Authors: Gu Wangpeng , Zhang Jia , Li Qing , Zhang Yaguang , Lin Xuan , Wu Bingbing , Yin Qi , Sun Jinqiao , Lu Yulan , Sun Xiaoyu , Jia Caiwei , Li Chuanyin , Zhang Yu , Wang Meng , Yin Xidi , Wang Su , Xu Jiefang , Wang Ran , Zhu Songling , Cheng Shipeng , Chen Shuangfeng , Liu Lian , Zhu Lin , Yan Chenghua , Yi Chunyan , Li Xuezhen , Lian Qiaoshi , Lin Guomei , Ling Zhiyang , Ma Liyan , Zhou Min , Xiao Kuanlin , Wei Haiming , Hu Ronggui , Zhou Wenhao , Ye Lilin , Wang Haikun , Li Jinsong , Sun Bing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Mulibrey (Muscle–liver–brain–eye) nanism caused by loss-of-function variants in TRIM37 gene is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe growth failure and constrictive pericarditis. These patients also suffer from severe respiratory infections, co-incident with an increased mortality rate. Here, we revealed that TRIM37 variants were associated with recurrent infection. Trim37 FINmajor (a representative variant of Mulibrey nanism patients) and Trim37 knockout mice were susceptible to influenza virus infection. These mice showed defects in follicular helper T (TFH) cell development and antibody production. The effects of Trim37 on TFH cell differentiation relied on its E3 ligase activity catalyzing the K27/29-linked polyubiquitination of Bcl6 and its MATH domain-mediated interactions with Bcl6, thereby protecting Bcl6 from proteasome-mediated degradation. Collectively, these findings highlight the importance of the Trim37-Bcl6 axis in controlling the development of TFH cells and the production of high-affinity antibodies, and further unveil the immunologic mechanism underlying recurrent respiratory infection in Mulibrey nanism.
Mitochonic acid 5 attenuates age-related neuromuscular dysfunction associated with mitochondrial Ca2+ overload in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wu XinTong , Seida Miku , Abe Takaaki , Higashitani Atsushi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMitochonic acid-5 ameliorates the pathophysiology of human mitochondrial-disease fibroblasts and Caenorhabditis elegans Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Parkinson’s disease models. Here, we found that 10 μM MA-5 attenuates the age-related decline in motor performance, loss of muscle mitochondria, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons associated with mitochondrial Ca2+ overload in C. elegans. These findings suggest that MA-5 may act as an anti-aging agent against a wide range of neuromuscular dysfunctions in metazoans.
HDAC1 and HDAC6 are essential for driving growth in IDH1 mutant glioma
Authors: Garrett Matthew C. , Albano Rebecca , Carnwath Troy , Elahi Lubayna , Behrmann Catherine A. , Pemberton Merissa , Woo Daniel , O’Brien Eric , VanCauwenbergh Brett , Perentesis John , Shah Sanjit , Hagan Matthew , Kendler Ady , Zhao Chuntao , Paranjpe Aditi , Roskin Krishna , Kornblum Harley , Plas David R. , Lu Q. Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLow-grade and secondary high-grade gliomas frequently contain mutations in the IDH1 or IDH2 metabolic enzymes that are hypothesized to drive tumorigenesis by inhibiting many of the chromatin-regulating enzymes that regulate DNA structure. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are promising anti-cancer agents and have already been used in clinical trials. However, a clear understanding of their mechanism or gene targets is lacking. In this study, the authors genetically dissect patient-derived IDH1 mutant cultures to determine which HDAC enzymes drive growth in IDH1 mutant gliomas. A panel of patient-derived gliomasphere cell lines (2 IDH1 mutant lines, 3 IDH1 wildtype lines) were subjected to a drug-screen of epigenetic modifying drugs from different epigenetic classes. The effect of LBH (panobinostat) on gene expression and chromatin structure was tested on patient-derived IDH1 mutant lines. The role of each of the highly expressed HDAC enzymes was molecularly dissected using lentiviral RNA interference knock-down vectors and a patient-derived IDH1 mutant in vitro model of glioblastoma (HK252). These results were then confirmed in an in vivo xenotransplant model (BT-142). The IDH1 mutation leads to gene down-regulation, DNA hypermethylation, increased DNA accessibility and H3K27 hypo-acetylation in two distinct IDH1 mutant over-expression models. The drug screen identified histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and panobinostat (LBH) more specifically as the most selective compounds to inhibit growth in IDH1 mutant glioma lines. Of the eleven annotated HDAC enzymes (HDAC1-11) only six are expressed in IDH1 mutant glioma tissue samples and patient-derived gliomasphere lines (HDAC1-4, HDAC6, and HDAC9). Lentiviral knock-down experiments revealed that HDAC1 and HDAC6 are the most consistently essential for growth both in vitro and in vivo and target very different gene modules. Knock-down of HDAC1 or HDAC6 in vivo led to a more circumscribed less invasive tumor. The gene dysregulation induced by the IDH1 mutation is wide-spread and only partially reversible by direct IDH1 inhibition. This study identifies HDAC1 and HDAC6 as important and drug-targetable enzymes that are necessary for growth and invasiveness in IDH1 mutant gliomas.
Hybrid model for precise hepatitis-C classification using improved random forest and SVM method
Authors: Lilhore Umesh Kumar , Manoharan Poongodi , Sandhu Jasminder Kaur , Simaiya Sarita , Dalal Surjeet , Baqasah Abdullah M. , Alsafyani Majed , Alroobaea Roobaea , Keshta Ismail , Raahemifar Kaamran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation. Annually, approximately 3.4 million cases of HCV are reported worldwide. A diagnosis of HCV in earlier stages helps to save lives. In the HCV review, the authors used a single ML-based prediction model in the current research, which encounters several issues, i.e., poor accuracy, data imbalance, and overfitting. This research proposed a Hybrid Predictive Model (HPM) based on an improved random forest and support vector machine to overcome existing research limitations. The proposed model improves a random forest method by adding a bootstrapping approach. The existing RF method is enhanced by adding a bootstrapping process, which helps eliminate the tree’s minor features iteratively to build a strong forest. It improves the performance of the HPM model. The proposed HPM model utilizes a ‘Ranker method’ to rank the dataset features and applies an IRF with SVM, selecting higher-ranked feature elements to build the prediction model. This research uses the online HCV dataset from UCI to measure the proposed model’s performance. The dataset is highly imbalanced; to deal with this issue, we utilized the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE). This research performs two experiments. The first experiment is based on data splitting methods, K-fold cross-validation, and training: testing-based splitting. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 95.89% for k = 5 and 96.29% for k = 10; for the training and testing-based split, the proposed method achieved 91.24% for 80:20 and 92.39% for 70:30, which is the best compared to the existing SVM, MARS, RF, DT, and BGLM methods. In experiment 2, the analysis is performed using feature selection (with SMOTE and without SMOTE). The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 41.541% without SMOTE and 96.82% with SMOTE-based feature selection, which is better than existing ML methods. The experimental results prove the importance of feature selection to achieve higher accuracy in HCV research.