bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining core outcomes of reproductive genetic carrier screening: A Delphi survey of Australian and New Zealand stakeholders
Authors: Richardson Ebony , McEwen Alison , Newton‐John Toby , Jacobs Chris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding the value, benefits and harms of health interventions is needed to inform best practice and ensure responsible implementation of new approaches to patient care. Such value is demonstrated through the assessment of outcomes; however, which outcomes are assessed is often highly varied across studies and can hinder the ability to draw robust conclusions. The Core Outcome Development for Carrier Screening study aims to understand the outcomes that can meaningfully capture the value of reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS).MethodThe authors report an iterative, two‐round online Delphi survey of Australian and New Zealand stakeholders to determine the degree of consensus regarding the core outcomes of RGCS. Panellists ranked 83 outcomes according to their perceived importance on a nine‐point Likert scale. Using the distribution of rankings, outcomes were grouped into tiers representative of their perceived level of importance and agreement between groups.ResultsThe top tier outcomes represent those agreed to be critically important for all future studies of RGCS to assess and were used to define a preliminary core outcome set encompassing the domains (1) primary laboratory outcomes, (2) pregnancy outcomes, (3) resource use and, (4) perceived utility of RGCS.ConclusionThese findings can guide the selection of meaningful outcomes in studies aiming to demonstrate the value of RGCS. A future international consensus process will expand on these findings and guide the inclusion of diverse perspectives across the range of settings in which RGCS is offered.
The Effect of Alkyl Chain Length in Organic Semiconductor and Surface Polarity of Polymer Dielectrics in Organic Thin‐Film Transistors (OTFTs)
Authors: Choi Junhwan , Kim Min Ju , Kim Joo‐Young , Lee Eun Kyung , Lee Changhyeon , Park Youngkeun , Kang Juyeon , Park Jeong‐Il , Cho Byung Jin , Im Sung Gap 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe interface between dielectric and organic semiconductor is critically important in determining organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) performance. Surface polarity of the dielectric layer can hinder charge transport characteristics, which has restricted utilization of polymeric dielectric materials containing polar functional groups. Herein, the electrical characteristics of OTFTs are analyzed depending on the alkyl chain length of organic semiconductors and surface polarity of polymer dielectrics. High‐performance dibenzothiopheno[6,5‑b:6′,5′‑f]thieno[3,2‑b]thiophene (DBTTT) and newly synthesized its alkylated derivatives (C6‐DBTTT and C10‐DBTTT) are utilized as organic semiconductors. As dielectric layers, non‐polar poly(1,3,5‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐trivinylcyclitrisiloxane) (pV3D3) and poly(2‐cyanoethyl acrylate‐co‐diethylene glycol divinyl ether) [p(CEA‐co‐DEGDVE)] with polar cyanide functionality are utilized. The fabricated OTFTs with pV3D3 commonly exhibit the excellent charge transport characteristics. In addition, the OTFT performance is improved with lengthening the alkyl chain in organic semiconductors, which can be attributed to the molecular orientation of semiconductors. On the other hand, non‐alkylated DBTTT OTFTs with polar p(CEA‐co‐DEGDVE) show relatively poor electrical characteristics, while their performance is drastically enhanced with the alkylated DBTTTs. The ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) reveals that surface polarity of the dielectric layer can be abated with alkyl chain in organic semiconductors. It is believed that this study can provide a useful insight to optimize dielectric/semiconductor interface to achieve high‐performance OTFTs.
Introduction
Authors: Celeste Edoardo , Palladino Nicola , Redeker Dennis , Yilma Kinfe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne of the main issues of global social media governance relates to the definition of the rules governing online content moderation worldwide. One could think that it would be sufficient for online platforms to refer to existing international human rights standards. However, a more careful analysis shows that international law provides exclusively general principles and that a single human rights standard does not exist. Since their inception, major social media platforms have set their own rules; yet this normative autonomy too has raised serious concerns. The current situation exposes a dilemma for online content governance that seriously affects the operations of social media companies and impacts on the exercise of fundamental rights by users as well as digital policy strategies.
The Content Governance Dilemma
Authors: Celeste Edoardo , Palladino Nicola , Redeker Dennis , Yilma Kinfe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSocial media content moderation faces a complex normative dilemma. The central question is: Which rules should govern online content? Private norms or democratically voted laws? If more national laws or international standards are simultaneously applicable, which law to choose? How to avoid the risk of having one single approach imperialistically imposed on the others? This dilemma exposes a tension between the risk of normative authoritarianism, imperialism and anomie. A process of ‘constitutionalisation’ of the social media environment seems to be needed. An input to this process is increasingly originating from civil society actors. Over the past few years, a significant number of ‘bills of rights’ have been proposed to articulate constitutional rights for social media. This phenomenon has been described in terms of the emergence of a movement of ‘digital constitutionalism’.
Texts Complying with Societal Pressures: Changing Genres in Finnish Companies’ CSR Reporting
Authors: Koskela Merja , Enell-Nilsson Mona , Hjerppe Cecilia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDrawing from the Nordic tradition of sakprosa research, this chapter aims at analysing how generic and intertextual resources are used in Finnish companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. Longitudinally, we study the reporting format, that is, whether the companies are reporting about their sustainability issues separately or as part of their annual report. A comparable synchronic approach is applied to intertextuality between reports and sustainability pages on corporate websites. The data stems from companies listed in the Nasdaq Helsinki Stock Exchange (OMX25 index). It comprises CSR reporting from the financial years 2016–2020 and sustainability pages of three companies. The study shows a tendency of keeping the chosen reporting format irrespective of its kind. However, two types of variability occur: selective variability referring to one format change in the investigated time span, and hybridity, combining features of different formats. Three intertextual strategies between the texts of reports and web pages were detected: convergence, adaptation, and divergence. Our results show how choices of reporting format and intertextual strategies are governed by the company context and practices, and also by governance issues and regulation. In this way, the complexity of text-society relationships as postulated by sakprosa research is illustrated in the context of business texts.
Sheep, Watch Dogs and Wolves: How the Master in Non-Fiction Writing Formed Actors for the Field of sakprosa in Norway
Authors: Brinch Iben , Nergaard Siri 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe chapter concerns a master’s programme in non-fiction writing as part of the development of the field of sakprosa (non-fiction) in Norway. The chapter is based on experience from teaching at a master’s programme in non-fiction writing (Master i faglitterær skriving) at the University of South-Eastern Norway 2007–2020. The programme developed along with the growing field of sakprosa in Norway, a field of institutions and actors from the traditional literary field as well as dedicated policy makers and academic scholars. Our claim is that the programme was embedded in the evolving episteme of sakprosa in Norway while teaching and practicing understandings of non-fiction. The chapter forms a case study of the programme in terms of its position in the literary, cultural and academic field of non-fiction. We explore the ideas and pedagogy adopting an ethnographic approach using our own experiences as teachers and administrators and by the analysis of student texts from the programme. The purpose is to clarify how the programme contributed to the development of the episteme of sakprosa and what kind of agents (or authors)—sheep, watch dogs and wolves—the programme has made for the greater field of non-fiction in Norway.
Teaching Chinese in the Anglophone World: An Overview of the New Zealand Case
Authors: Wang Danping , East Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Chinese language teaching in New Zealand within the context of declining foreign language learning in Anglophone countries. By examining the macrosociological and demographic factors that have shaped the development of Chinese language teaching in New Zealand, this chapter identifies critical milestones and multilevel factors that have influenced the growth of Chinese as an additional language in the country’s formal educational sectors. Enrolment statistics will be provided to illustrate the uptake of Chinese in comparison to other major languages offered in New Zealand schools and universities. The chapter introduces the key concepts, terms, and frameworks used in the studies included in this edited volume, outlines the organisation of the book, and emphasises its significance in international Chinese language education research. Overall, this chapter provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities facing Chinese language teaching in the Anglophone world by shedding light on the experiences and outcomes of Chinese language teaching in New Zealand.
The Teaching of Mandarin Chinese in New Zealand’s Schools: Where Have We Come From? Where Are We Now? Where Are We Going?
Authors: East Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe learning of Mandarin Chinese in schools in Aotearoa /New Zealand has been on an upwards trajectory, in particular over the last few years, and specifically in the primary and intermediate school sectors (Years 1–6 and Years 7–8). In very large part, growth has been attributable to the Mandarin Language Assistant (MLA) programme, originally instigated as part of the Free Trade Agreement between New Zealand and China signed in April 2008, and supported by both the New Zealand and Chinese Education Ministries. This chapter explores the state of Mandarin teaching and learning in New Zealand’s schools over the past several decades. The success story is placed within a broader overview of language teaching and learning in New Zealand and historical factors that have played their part in encouraging the learning of Asian languages. The chapter also explores factors that continue to constrain the implementation of successful language programmes in schools. Finally, the chapter acknowledges the disruptions to the MLA programme caused by COVID-19, and speculates on the need to move beyond strong reliance on one mode of support for Mandarin language teaching in schools.
Evaluating Prototypes and Criticisms for Explaining Clustered Contributions in Digital Public Participation Processes
Authors: Schütz Lars , Bade Korinna , Nürnberger Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe examine the use of prototypes and criticisms for explaining clusterings in digital public participation processes of the e-participation domain. These processes enable people to participate in various life areas such as landscape planning by submitting contributions that express their opinions or ideas. Clustering groups similar contributions together. This supports citizens and public administrations, the main participants in digital public participation processes, in exploring the submitted contributions. However, explaining clusterings remains a challenge. For this purpose, we consider the use of prototypes and criticisms. Our work generalizes the idea of applying the $$k$$-medoids algorithm for computing prototypes on raw data sets. We introduce a centroid-based clusterings method that solely considers clusterings. It allows the retrieval of multiple prototypes and criticisms per cluster. We conducted a user study with 21 participants to evaluate our centroid-based clusterings method and the MMD-critic algorithm for finding prototypes and criticisms in clustered contributions. We examined whether these methods are suitable for text data. The related contributions originate from past, real-life digital public participation processes. The user study results indicate that both methods are appropriate for clustered contributions. The results also show that the centroid-based clusterings method outperforms the MMD-critic algorithm regarding accuracy, efficiency, and perceived difficulty.
Background of Urban Redevelopment
Authors: Li Bin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to analyse the geographic and institutional background, within an authoritarian regime, to understand the changing process of governance over the field of urban redevelopment. A brief introduction of Guangzhou will be displayed. Based on geographic information, relevant institutions are introduced. Institutional resources and power are distributed between different departments in government, and between government, markets, and communities. This distribution constrains and constructs the patterns of collective behaviours in redevelopment process in terms of influencing preference, locating resources and formulating strategies of different entities. Urban redevelopment is a crucial channel for authoritarian local state to pursue economic growth and political performance.
Role of apple pomace in the formulation of a novel healthy mayonnaise
Authors: Mangiapelo Luciano , Ianni Federica , Pagano Cinzia , Grispoldi Luca , Blasi Francesca , Cenci-Goga Beniamino , Perioli Luana , Cossignani Lina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrently, there is a growing interest in valorizing agro-food byproducts having interesting bioactives with functional and health properties. This paper deals with the use of apple pomace (AP), the most abundant by-product of apple juice industry, to formulate a novel value-added mayonnaise (AP mayo). The effect of AP on the chemical and rheological characteristics, microbiological quality, and sensory attributes of the new product was studied during a 30-day storage at refrigerated temperature. A comparison with two commercial mayo samples was also carried out. The results highlighted that the AP mayo showed a total phenol content of 2.12 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, and improved antioxidant properties (DPPH radical-scavenging activities 2.47 mg TE/g; 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt, ABTS 3.18 mg TE/g; ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP 2.78 mg TE/g). After 30 days, it was more stable than the other two mayo. Moreover, AP mayo showed even higher overall acceptability scores by the assessors than the commercial samples. The results confirm that the addition of AP represents a valid approach to increase the health properties of spreads and sauces, satisfying the demand of health-conscious consumers, even those who prefer plant-based foods. The proposed healthy mayonnaise confirm the AP is a multifunctional ingredient with interesting potential applications in the formulation of new spreads/sauces with antioxidant properties.
A Succinct Characterization of Period Annuli in Planar Piecewise Linear Differential Systems with a Straight Line of Nonsmoothness
Authors: Carmona Victoriano , Fernández-Sánchez Fernando , Novaes Douglas D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe close the problem of the existence of crossing period annuli in planar piecewise linear differential systems with a straight line of nonsmoothness. In fact, a characterization for the existence of such objects is provided by means of a few basic operations on the parameters.
Double layer acceleration of ions with differently charged states in a laser induced plasma
Authors: Yao Xiang , Schneider Christof W. , Bulgakova Nadezhda M. , Bulgakov Alexander V. , Lippert Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe electric field driven acceleration of plasma ions is an intrinsic effect in laser-induced plasma plumes and is responsible for the generation of high-energy ions. At high laser fluences (≥ 2 J/cm2), multiply charged ions are formed and affect the plume expansion dynamics. In this paper, we used kinetic energy-resolved mass spectrometry to investigate the relative abundance and kinetic energy distributions of singly- and doubly-charged ions produced by KrF-laser ablation of nine different oxide targets. The doubly charged metal ions with a lower mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio show narrow energy distributions at high average kinetic energies coinciding with the cutoff energies for the singly-charged ion distributions. The observation suggests that the recombination of higher charged ions plays a prominent role in the formation of the high-energy tail for singly-charged ions. The results are discussed in terms of component volatility and a dynamic double layer, where ions with different m/z values experience different accelerations.
Role of expectations in clinical outcomes after deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Mameli Francesca , Zirone Eleonora , Girlando Roberta , Scagliotti Elena , Rigamonti Giulia , Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Poletti Barbara , Ferrucci Roberta , Ticozzi Nicola , Silani Vincenzo , Locatelli Marco , Barbieri Sergio , Ruggiero Fabiana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established treatment that significantly improves the motor symptoms of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, patients may experience post-operative psychological distress and social maladjustments. This phenomenon has been shown to be related to patients’ pre-operative cognitive representations, such as expectations. In this systematic review, we discuss the findings on the role of the expectations of patients with PD regarding the clinical outcomes of DBS to identify areas of intervention to improve pre-operative patient education and promote successful post-operative psychosocial adjustment. PubMed was searched for relevant articles published up to 16 January 2023. Of the 84 identified records, 10 articles focusing on the treatment expectations of patients with PD undergoing DBS were included in this review. The selected studies were conducted among cohorts of patients with different DBS targets, among which the most common was the bilateral subthalamic nucleus. Overall, the data showed that patients’ expectations contribute to treatment efficacy. Experiments investigating the placebo effect itself have shown clinical improvement after the induction of positive therapeutic expectations; conversely, unrealistic treatment expectations can affect patient satisfaction after surgery, clinical outcomes, and subjective well-being. This review highlights the need for routine clinical practice to better investigate and manage patients' pre-operative expectations, as well as multidisciplinary education to improve patient satisfaction and psychosocial adjustment after DBS.
Effects of 7-day polyphenol powder supplementation on cycling performance and lung function in an ozone-polluted environment
Authors: Morton Lillian C. , Paton Carl D. , Merry Troy , Braakhuis Andrea J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Polluted environments can adversely affect lung function and exercise performance. Evidence suggests that some nutrient supplements may offset pollution’s detrimental effects. This study examined the effect of polyphenol supplementation on lung function and exercise performance in an ozone-polluted environment.

Methods
Ten male cyclists (mean ± SD: age, 43.8 ± 12.4 years; height, 177.8 ± 7.1 cm; weight, 76.03 ± 7.88 kg; VO2max 4.12 ± 0.72 L min−1) initially completed a baseline maximal incremental test and maximal effort 4 km time trial in ambient air. Thereafter cyclists completed two trials in an ozone-polluted environment (0.25 ppm) following seven days of supplementation with either polyphenol (PB) or placebo (PL). Experimental trials consisted of a three-stage submaximal test (50%, 60% and 70% incremental peak power) followed by a 4 km time trial. Lung function was measured pre- and post-exercise via spirometry and adverse respiratory symptoms with a Likert scale.

Results
Ozone exposure significantly reduced (p < 0.05) lung function relative to ambient air. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in measured variables across the three submaximal intensities. There was a small (d = 0.31) non-significant difference (p = 0.09) in 4 km performance in PB (406.43 ± 50.29 s) vs. PL (426.20 ± 75.06 s). Oxygen consumption during the time trial was greater in PB (3.49 ± 0.71 L min−1) vs PL (3.32 ± 0.71 L min−1, p = 0.01, d = 0.24). Cough severity (SOC) was lower (p = 0.03) with PB relative to PL.

Conclusion
PB supplementation may provide small benefits to performance and reduce cough symptoms during high-intensity exercise in ozone-polluted environments.
Genome size of grass Festuca mountain species from the southwestern European Pyrenees: variation, evolution, and new assessments
Authors: Garnatje Teresa , Catalán Pilar , Inda Luis A. , Vallès Joan , Pyke Samuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFestuca is one of the most ecologically and economically important genera of temperate grasses. Species of its type subgenus, Festuca, are common components of cool-seasonal pastures and are especially frequent in mountainous areas, where there are often several morphologically similar species that grow in the same or comparable habitats and sometimes live in sympatry. Nuclear DNA assessments by flow cytometry can be used to identify taxa and uncover new ploidy levels in species complexes for which new chromosome data are provided or previous chromosome counts and genome sizes are known. Holoploid (2C) values of newly studied Pyrenean Festuca subgen. Festuca sects. Eskia, Festuca and Aulaxyper species fall within the expected ranges for these taxonomic groups and include 2x, 4x, 6x and 8x ploidy levels. Monoploid (1Cx) genome sizes of diploids and polyploids are larger in the species of the more ancestral F. sect. Eskia group showing a decreasing trend in the species of the more recently evolved F. sects. Festuca and Aulaxyper lineages. 1Cx values of high polyploid Aulaxyper taxa are among the smallest of the three Festuca sections, corroborating previous findings. Our analysis provides new genome size values and inferred ploidy levels for hexaploid F.heteromalla and octoploid F.trichophylla and highlights the genomic and ecological differentiation of tetraploid F.gautieri susbsp. gautieri from diploid F.gautieri subsp. scoparia.