bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial disease in New Zealand: a nationwide prevalence study
Authors: Missen Sarah , Wilson Callum , Potter Howard , Vincent Andrea L. , Murphy Rinki , Roxburgh Richard , Rodrigues Miriam , Poke Gemma , Robertson Stephen P. , Thorburn David R. , Glamuzina Emma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe complexities of mitochondrial disease make epidemiological studies challenging, yet this information is important in understanding the healthcare burden and addressing service and educational needs. Existing studies are limited to quaternary centres or focus on a single genotype or phenotype and estimate disease prevalence at 12.5 per 100 000. New Zealand's (NZ) size and partially integrated national healthcare system make it amenable to a nationwide prevalence study.AimTo estimate the prevalence of molecularly confirmed and suspected mitochondrial disease on 31 December 2015 in NZ.MethodsCases were identified from subspecialists and laboratory databases and through interrogation of the Ministry of Health National Minimum Dataset with a focus on presentations between 2000 and 2015. Patient records were reviewed, and those with a diagnosis of ‘mitochondrial disease’ who were alive and residing in NZ on the prevalence date were included. These were divided into molecularly confirmed and clinically suspected cases. Official NZ estimated resident population data were used to calculate prevalence.ResultsSeven hundred twenty‐three unique national health index numbers were identified. Five hundred five were excluded. The minimum combined prevalence for mitochondrial disease was 4.7 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.1–5.4). The minimum prevalence for molecularly confirmed and suspected disease was 2.9 (95% CI 2.4–3.4) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.4–2.2) cases per 100 000 respectively.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, comparison to similar prevalence studies performed by specialist referral centres suggests mitochondrial disease is underdiagnosed in NZ. This highlights a need for improved education and referral pathways for mitochondrial disease in NZ.
Burden of respiratory syncytial virus in adults in the United Kingdom: A systematic literature review and gap analysis
Authors: Wilkinson Tom , Beaver Steph , Macartney Malcolm , McArthur Eve , Yadav Vaishali , Lied‐Lied Annie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite the growing recognition of a potentially significant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease burden in adults, relevant evidence in the United Kingdom (UK) is limited. This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to identify the disease burden of RSV in UK adults, including certain high‐risk subgroups and existing evidence gaps. Published studies (2011 onwards) reporting epidemiological, economic and clinical burden outcomes in UK adults (≥15 years) with RSV were identified from indexed databases, including MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane library. High‐risk groups included elderly (≥65 years), immunocompromised, co‐morbid and co‐infected patients. Outcomes included RSV incidence/prevalence, mortality, clinical presentation and direct/indirect resource use/costs. Twenty‐eight publications on 28 unique studies were identified, mostly in general/respiratory indicator (n = 17), elderly (n = 10) and immunocompromised (n = 6) cohorts. Main outcomes reported in the general/respiratory indicator cohort were RSV infection incidence (seasonal/annual: 0.09–17.9%/6.6–15.1%), mortality (8,482 deaths/season) and direct resource use (including mean general practitioner [GP] episodes/season: 487,247). Seasonal/annual incidence was 14.6–26.5%/0.7–16% in high‐risk cohorts. Attributed to RSV in the elderly were 7,915 deaths/season and 175,070 mean GP episodes/season. Only two studies reported on co‐morbid cohorts. Clinical burden outcomes were only reported in general and immunocompromised patients, and no evidence was found in any cohort on indirect economic burden or RSV complications. Evidence captured suggests that RSV may have a substantial burden in UK adults. However, available data were limited and highly heterogenous, with further studies needed to characterise the burden of RSV in adults and to validate our findings.
The protective effect of Nostoc commune Vauch. polysaccharide on alcohol‐induced acute alcoholic liver disease and gut microbiota disturbance in mice
Authors: Yang Yiting , Liu Su , Li Hailong , Liu Yue , Ren Ping , Liu Yingying , Liu Shuming , Guan Lili 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the incidence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has gradually increased, the development of ALD is attached great attentions. Nostoc commune Vauch. polysaccharide (NCVP) is beneficial to maintain the gut health, but the protective effect of NCVP on the liver has not been reported yet.PurposeTo study the protective effect and the underlying mechanisms of NCVP on ALD, a mouse model of acute ALD was established.Study design and methodsWe built an acute ALD mouse model and explored the protective effect of NCVP through the detection of cytokines, histological examination, determination of short chain fatty acids, and 16S rRNA analysis of gut microbiota.ResultsNCVP had hepatoprotective effects on acute alcohol‐induced mice by improving antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidative stress and the serum cytokine levels (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α). Simultaneously, histopathological changes in liver indicated that NCVP could inhibit local hepatocyte necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolation and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by alcohol. NCVP also increased the level of total short‐chain fatty acids of acute ALD mice. In addition, NCVP could significantly decrease the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the abundance of Patescibacteria, Helicobacter, and Actinomycetes and increase the abundance of Lachospiraceae, Prevotellaceae‐UCG‐003, Lactobacillaceae, and Desulfovibrio.ConclusionOur study proved that NCVP had in vivo hepatoprotective effect on acute ALD mice and provided scientific evidences that NCVP might be a promising drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of ALD.
Lidocaine ameliorates intestinal barrier dysfunction in irritable bowel syndrome by modulating corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor 2
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Qiao Mingbiao , Yao Xue , Feng Zhonghui , Hu Ruiqi , Chen Jianguo , Liu Lei , Liu Jinbo , Sun Yueshan , Guo Yuanbiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal barrier dysfunction is a prevalent pathogenic factor underlying various disorders. Currently there is no effective resolution. Previous studies have reported the potential anti‐inflammatory properties of lidocaine and its ability to alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, our study will further verify the effect of lidocaine on intestinal barrier dysfunction in IBS and investigate the underlying mechanisms.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the role of lidocaine by assessing visceral hypersensitivity, body weight, inflammatory factors, fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran 4000 (FD4) flux, tight junctions (TJs) and spleen and thymus index in rats subjected to water avoidance stress (WAS) to mimic intestinal barrier dysfunction in IBS with and without lidocaine. In vitro, we investigated the role of corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) in lidocaine‐treated Caco2 cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting CRHR2.Key ResultsIn WAS rats, lidocaine significantly restored weight loss, damaged TJs, spleen index and thymus index and inhibited abdominal hypersensitivity as well as blood levels of markers indicating intestinal permeability, such as diamine oxidase (DAO), D‐lactic acid (D‐Lac) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Consequently, the leakage of FD4 flux from intestine was significantly attenuated in lidocaine group, and levels of intestinal inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α) were reduced. Interestingly, lidocaine significantly suppressed corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) levels in lamina propria cells, while the CRH receptor CRHR2 was upregulated in intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro, lidocaine enhanced the expression of CRHR2 on Caco‐2 intestinal epithelial cells and restored disrupted TJs and the epithelial barrier caused by LPS. Conversely, these effects were diminished by a CRHR2 antagonist and siRNA‐CRHR2, suggesting that the protective effect of lidocaine depends on CRHR2.Conclusions and InferencesLidocaine ameliorates intestinal barrier dysfunction in IBS by potentially modulating the expression of CRHR2 on intestinal epithelial cells.
Oral mucosal disease recognition based on dynamic self‐attention and feature discriminant loss
Authors: Xie Fei , Xu Pengfei , Xi Xinyi , Gu Xiaokang , Zhang Panpan , Wang Hexu , Shen Xuemin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a dynamic self‐attention and feature discrimination loss function (DSDF) model for identifying oral mucosal diseases presented to solve the problems of data imbalance, complex image background, and high similarity and difference of visual characteristics among different types of lesion areas.MethodsIn DSDF, dynamic self‐attention network can fully mine the context information between adjacent areas, improve the visual representation of the network, and promote the network model to learn and locate the image area of interest. Then, the feature discrimination loss function is used to constrain the diversity of channel characteristics, so as to enhance the feature discrimination ability of local similar areas.ResultsThe experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the proposed method for oral mucosal disease is the highest at 91.16%, and is about 6% ahead of other advanced methods. In addition, DSDF has recall of 90.87% and F1 of 90.60%.ConclusionsConvolutional neural networks can effectively capture the visual features of the oral mucosal disease lesions, and the distinguished visual features of different oral lesions can be extracted better using dynamic self‐attention and feature discrimination loss function, which is conducive to the auxiliary diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases.
Making sense of things: Moral inquiry as hermeneutical inquiry
Authors: Sliwa Paulina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe are frequently confronted with moral situations that are unsettling, confusing, disorienting. We try to come to grips with them. When we do so, we engage in a distinctive type of moral inquiry: hermeneutical inquiry. Its aim is to make sense of our situation. What is it to make sense of one's situation? Hermeneutical inquiry is part of our everyday moral experience. Understanding its nature and its place in moral epistemology is important. Yet, I argue, that existing accounts of moral inquiry do not give us the resources to do so. This paper develops a positive account of hermeneutical inquiry. I argue that when we engage in hermeneutical inquiry, we search for an apt perspective on our situation.
Similar improvements in 5‐km performance and maximal oxygen uptake with submaximal and maximal 10‐20‐30 training in runners, but increase in muscle oxidative phosphorylation occur only with maximal effort training
Authors: Skovgaard Casper , Christiansen Danny , Martínez‐Rodríguez Alejandro , Bangsbo Jens 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine whether 10‐20‐30 training (consecutive 1‐min intervals consisting of 30 s at low‐speed, 20 s at moderate‐speed, and 10 s at high‐speed), performed with submaximal effort during the 10‐s high‐speed runs, would lead to improved performance as well as increased maximum oxygen uptake (VO2‐max) and muscle oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In addition, to examine to what extent the effects would compare to 10‐20‐30 running conducted with maximal effort.DesignNineteen males were randomly assigned to 10‐20‐30 running performed with either submaximal (SUBMAX; n = 11) or maximal (MAX; n = 8) effort, which was conducted three times/week for 6 weeks (intervention; INT). Before and after INT, subjects completed a 5‐km running test and a VO2‐max test, and a biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis.ResultsAfter compared to before INT, SUBMAX and MAX improved (p < 0.05) 5‐km performance by 3.0% (20.8 ± 0.4 (means±SE) vs. 21.5 ± 0.4 min) and 2.3% (21.2 ± 0.4 vs. 21.6 ± 0.4 min), respectively, and VO2‐max was ~7% higher (p < 0.01) in both SUBMAX (57.0 ± 1.3 vs. 53.5 ± 1.1 mL/min/kg) and MAX (57.8 ± 1.2 vs. 53.7 ± 0.9 mL/min/kg), with no difference in the changes between groups. In SUBMAX, muscle OXPHOS was unchanged, whereas in MAX, muscle OXPHOS subunits (I‐IV) and total OXPHOS (5.5 ± 0.3 vs 4.7 ± 0.3 A.U.) were 9%–29% higher (p < 0.05) after compared to before INT.ConclusionConducting 10‐20‐30 training with a non‐maximal effort during the 10‐s high‐speed runs is as efficient in improving 5‐km performance and VO2‐max as maximal effort exercise, whereas increase in muscle OXPHOS occur only when the 10‐s high‐speed runs are performed with maximal effort.
Genetic engineering strategy for generating a stable dsRNA virus vector using a virus-like codon-modified transgene
Authors: Kanai Yuta , Onishi Misa , Yoshida Yukino , Kotaki Tomohiro , Minami Shohei , Nouda Ryotaro , Yamasaki Moeko , Enoki Yasutaka , Kobayashi Takeshi 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Deletion or truncation of transgenes encoded in RNA virus vectors frequently occur. Genetic instability of transgenes is the primary obstacle to establishing RNA virus vectors as tractable gene transduction tools. To improve transgene stability, we designed codon-modified genes that imitated codon usage bias in the genomes of rotavirus (RV) and mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV), both of which have segmented double-stranded (ds) RNA genomes. Synthesized, codon-modified NanoLuc, ZsGreen, AsRed, and Akaluc genes, which had RV genome-like and/or MRV genome-like codon usage biases, were used as transgenes in RV and MRV vectors. Here, we show that the genetic stabilities of these codon-modified genes in RV and MRV vectors were dramatically increased relative to their respective parental genes. Because genetic stabilities were improved independent of transgenes and insertion sites within the viral genome, virus-like codon modification could be essential for constructing dsRNA virus vectors and overcome the primary obstacle of transgene genetic instability.

IMPORTANCE
The stabilities of transgenes in RNA virus vectors differ between the genes of interest, but the molecular mechanisms determining genetic stability remain unknown. This study demonstrated that the stability of a transgene was affected by the nucleotide composition, and altering the codon usage of transgenes to resemble that of the viral genome significantly increased transgene stability in double-stranded RNA virus vectors. The virus-like codon modification strategy enabled generation of stable rotavirus and mammalian orthoreovirus vectors, which could be developed as machinery for gene delivery to the intestines and/or respiratory organs. This technology has further potential to be expanded to other RNA viruses.
Zika virus infection leads to hormone deficiencies of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and diminished fertility in mice
Authors: Liu Li-Bo , Yang Wei , Chang Jia-Tong , Fan Dong-Ying , Wu Yan-Hua , Wang Pei-Gang , An Jing 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women during the first trimester can cause congenital malformations including microcephaly, which has focused global attention on this emerging pathogen. By contrast, ZIKV infection in pregnant women during the third trimester can cause neurodevelopmental delays and cryptorchidism in newborns without microcephaly. Here, we evaluated the long-term fertility consequences of ZIKV infection in male suckling mice, which is equivalent to congenital ZIKV infection in children, from multiple perspectives including the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, testis, sperm, and social behaviors. We observed the persistence of ZIKV in the hypothalamus of mice, which caused long-term hormone deficiencies of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Hormone deficiencies led to limited delays in testicular development, a decrease in sperm quality and quantity, and abnormal social abilities. These damages could progress to diminished fertility in male mice, as judged by lower pregnancy rate, prolonged time to delivery, and decreased offspring quality. Currently, the extent to which these observations in mice translate to humans remains unclear, but longitudinal studies of hormone levels and reproductive health in ZIKV-exposed children seem warranted.

IMPORTANCE
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women during the third trimester can cause neurodevelopmental delays and cryptorchidism in children without microcephaly. However, the consequences of congenital ZIKV infection on fertility in these children remain unclear. Here, using an immunocompetent mouse model, we reveal that congenital ZIKV infection can cause hormonal disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to reduced fertility and decreased sexual preference. Our study has for the first time linked the hypothalamus to the reproductive system and social behaviors after ZIKV infection. Although the extent to which these observations in mice translate to humans remains unclear, these findings did suggest that the reproductive health and hormone levels of ZIKV-exposed children should receive more attention to improve their living quality.
Surface growth of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
reveals a regulatory effect of 3-oxo-C
12
-homoserine lactone in the absence of its cognate receptor, LasR
Authors: de Oliveira Pereira Thays , Groleau Marie-Christine , Déziel Eric 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Successful colonization of a multitude of ecological niches by the bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
relies on its ability to respond to concentrations of self-produced signal molecules. This intercellular communication system known as quorum sensing (QS) tightly regulates the expression of virulence determinants and a diversity of survival functions, including those required for social behaviors. In planktonic cultures of
P. aeruginosa
, the transcriptional regulator LasR is generally considered on top of the QS circuitry hierarchy; its activation relies on binding to 3-oxo-C
12
-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C
12
-HSL), a product of LasI synthase. Transcription of
lasI
is activated by LasR, resulting in a positive feedback loop. Few studies have looked at the function of QS during surface growth even though
P. aeruginosa
typically lives in biofilm-like communities under natural conditions. Here, we show that surface-grown
P. aeruginosa
, including prototypical strain PA14, produces 3-oxo-C
12
-HSL in the absence of LasR. This phenotype is commonly observed upon surface association in naturally occurring environmental and clinical LasR-defective isolates, suggesting a conserved alternative function for the signal. Notably, in surface-grown cultures, 3-oxo-C12-HSL reaches higher levels than planktonic cells, and there is a delayed timing of its production. Accordingly, 3-oxo-C
12
-HSL upregulates the autologous expression of pyocyanin and LasR-controlled virulence determinants in neighboring cells even in the absence of the cognate regulator LasR. This highlights a possible role for 3-oxo-C
12
-HSL in shaping community responses and provides a possible evolutive benefit for mixed populations to carry LasR-defective cells, a common feature of natural populations of
P. aeruginosa
.

IMPORTANCE

The bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
colonizes and thrives in many environments, in which it is typically found in surface-associated polymicrobial communities known as biofilms. Adaptation to this social behavior is aided by quorum sensing (QS), an intercellular communication system pivotal in the expression of social traits. Regardless of its importance in QS regulation, the loss of function of the master regulator LasR is now considered a conserved adaptation of
P. aeruginosa
, irrespective of the origin of the strains. By investigating the QS circuitry in surface-grown cells, we found an accumulation of QS signal 3-oxo-C
12
-HSL in the absence of its cognate receptor and activator, LasR. The current understanding of the QS circuit, mostly based on planktonic growing cells, is challenged by investigating the QS circuitry of surface-grown cells. This provides a new perspective on the beneficial aspects that underline the frequency of LasR-deficient isolates.
First Results of U–Th/He Dating of Epigenetic Pyrite from Rocks of the Bazhenov Formation, Western Siberia
Authors: Yakubovich O. V. , Vasilyeva N. A. , Vasilyeva K. Yu. , Anosova M. O. , Kotov A. B. , Podolskaya M. M. , Gorokhovskiy B. M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The U–Th/He method has been applied for the first time to determine the age of epigenetic pyrite from the oil source rocks of the Bazhenov Formation, Western Siberia. The possibility to date the post-sedimentation processes in a sedimentary basin by authigenic pyrite using the U–Th/He method is shown. The U–Th/He isochrone age of pyrite (n = 7) from the dolomites of the Bazhenov Formation within the Frolovskaya megadepression is much younger than the sedimentation age and corresponds to the Santonian–Cenomanian stages of the Upper Cretaceous (90 ± 8 Ma).
Bauxites of the Tatarka Deposit (Yenisei Ridge, Russia): The First Evidence of a Contact-Karst Origin
Authors: Boeva N. M. , Slukin A. D. , Makarova M. A. , Shipilova E. S. , Melnikov Ph. P. , Vnuchkov D. A. , Zhegallo E. A. , Zaitseva L.V. , Bortnikov N. S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Tatarka bauxite deposit on the territory of the Russian Federation was formed as a result of sedimentation of the products of denudated lateritic weathering crusts of amphibolites in contact-karst depressions. Detailed mineralogical studies of bauxites made it possible to reconstruct reliably the conditions for their formation. As it turned out, the initial rocks and rocks, weathered before, have been denudated due to the close location of the areas of alimentation and accumulation. At the same time, chemical processes have been continued in karst depressions. For the first time, the presence of nanoparticles of amorphous aluminum oxide was revealed in contact-karst bauxites. This specific feature of the form of alumina precipitation is associated with the subsequent cessation of lateritization and their attenuation with depth. The presence of amorphous aluminum monohydrate must be taken into account when choosing a scheme for bauxite enrichment.
Ki67 is a better marker than PRAME in risk stratification of BAP1-positive and BAP1-loss uveal melanomas
Authors: Donizy Piotr , Spytek Mikołaj , Krzyziński Mateusz , Kotowski Krzysztof , Markiewicz Anna , Romanowska-Dixon Bozena , Biecek Przemyslaw , Hoang Mai P 
Published: September 2023

Background
Accurate risk stratification of uveal melanoma (UM) patients is important for determining the interval and frequency of surveillance. Loss of BAP1 expression has been shown to be strongly associated with UM-related death and metastasis.

Methods
In this study of 164 enucleated UMs, we assessed the prognostic role of preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) expression and Ki67 proliferation index measured by digital quantitation using QuPath programme in patients with BAP1-positive and BAP1-loss UMs.

Results
In univariate analyses with log-rank tests and Kaplan-Meier curves, PRAME further stratified only overall survival (OS) in BAP1-positive and BAP1-loss tumour groups. However, Ki67 further stratified both OS and disease-free survival (DFS) in BAP1-positive and BAP1-loss tumour groups. In multivariate analyses, Ki67 percentage and BAP1 were independent survival predictors for both OS and DFS, whereas PRAME was not a significant covariate. In model comparisons, combined Ki67 and BAP1 performed better than combined PRAME and BAP1 in risk-stratifying patients for both OS and DFS. Ki67 was better than PRAME in risk stratification of BAP1-positive UMs. Low Ki67 index correlated with significantly prolonged DFS in BAP1-loss UMs.

Conclusion
A panel of Ki67 and BAP1 could be a helpful risk stratification strategy for UM.