bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of fluoroscopic examination of nasopharyngeal dorsoventral dimension change in pugs and French bulldogs
Authors: Vodnarek Jakub , Vali Yasamin , Dupré Gilles , Dolezal Marlies , Lyrakis Manolis , Ludewig Eberhard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare intra‐ and interobserver agreements in two‐dimensional measurements of changes in nasopharyngeal dimensions during breathing in pugs and French bulldogs.Study designExperimental randomized study.AnimalsA total of 20 French bulldogs and 16 pugs.MethodsFour observers with different levels of experience measured the dorsoventral dimensions of the nasopharynx during inspiration and expiration on fluoroscopy videos. Measurements were performed at the maximal narrowing of the nasopharynx for the functional method and at the level of the tip of the epiglottis for the anatomically adjusted method. The intra‐ and interobserver agreements of the measurements, ratio of the dynamic nasopharyngeal change (ΔL), and grade of nasopharyngeal (NP) collapse (no, partial or complete) were evaluated.ResultsThe functional method resulted in intraobserver correlation coefficients of 0.532 (p < .01) and 0.751 (p < .01) and interobserver correlation coefficients of 0.378 (p < .01) and 0.621 (p < .01) for NP collapse grade and ΔL, respectively. The anatomically adjusted method, 0.491 (p < .01) and 0.576 (p < .01) and 0.495 (p < .01) and 0.729 (p < .01) for NP collapse grade and ΔL, respectively, were being used. One observer (radiologist) achieved intraobserver correlation coefficients >0.9 for both methods.ConclusionFair interobserver agreement was found for NP collapse grade (functional method), moderate intra‐ and interobserver agreements were found for NP collapse grade and ΔL (both methods) while intraobserver agreement for ΔL was good (functional method).Clinical significanceBoth methods seem repeatable and reproducible but only for experienced radiologists. The use of ΔL may offer higher repeatability and reproducibility than grade of NP collapse regardless of the method used.
Tahap Penguasaan dan Hubungan antara Faktor Sikap, Motivasi dan Persekitaran Guru Pelatih Bahasa Kedua dalam Tatabahasa Bahasa Melayu
Authors: Mui Ting Voo , Abdul Jobar Norfaizah , Ramli Zuraini , Ramli Rozaimi 
Published: June 2023

Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi mengenal pasti tahap penguasaan tatabahasa bahasa Melayu; menghuraikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penguasaan tatabahasa bahasa Melayu; dan mengenal pasti hubungan antara faktor sikap, motivasi dan persekitaran guru pelatih dalam menguasai tatabahasa bahasa Melayu. Seramai 80 orang guru pelatih bahasa kedua Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) dipilih sebagai responden kajian. Instrumen kajian adalah menggunakan borang soal selidik dan ujian tatabahasa dalam bentuk Google Forms. Pengkaji menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif tinjauan melalui soal selidik untuk mengumpulkan data. Data bagi soal selidik ini dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan inferensi. Hasil kajian bagi objektif pertama mendapati bahawa faktor sikap merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi penguasaan bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan guru pelatih bahasa kedua. Seterusnya, dapatan bagi objektif kedua pula menjelaskan tahap penguasaan tatabahasa bahasa Melayu guru pelatih berada pada tahap yang sangat baik. Bukan itu sahaja, objektif ketiga mendapati bahawa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor sikap, motivasi dan persekitaran guru pelatih bahasa kedua. Kesimpulannya, walaupun bahasa ibunda responden bukanlah bahasa Melayu namun responden dapat menguasai bahasa Melayu dengan baik. Pelaksanaan kajian ini dapat memberi implikasi kepada guru, pelajar dan masyarakat bagi menambah baik penguasaan terhadap tatabahasa bahasa Melayu.

The aim of this study is to identify the proficiency of second language trainee teachers in their grammatical aspect of Malay language; to describe the factors that influence Malay language proficiency for second language trainee teachers; and to identify the relationship between the attitude, motivation and environmental factors among second language trainee teachers. The respondent for this study involved 80 second language trainee teachers in UPSI with purposive sampling method. Questionaire and grammar test in Google Form are the instrument of this study. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inference analysis. The study of first objective show that the level of proficiency Malay grammar among second language trainee teachers was found to be at a very good level. Second objective of this study show that the attitude factors are the main factors that influence Malay language proficiency among second language trainee teachers. Not only that, there is a significant relationship between the attitude, motivation and environmental factors among second language trainee teachers. In conclusion, although the respondent's mother tongue is not Malay but they can master the Malay language well. The implementation of this study can benefit teachers, students and the community to improve their proficiency in Malay grammatical.
Non-Quadratic Strain Gradient Plasticity Theory and Size Effects in Constrained Shear
Authors: Kuroda Mitsutoshi , Needleman Alan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A previously proposed strain gradient plasticity theory is extended to incorporate a non-quadratic power law function of the plastic strain gradient in the free energy expression with an exponent of N + 1. The values of N are taken to vary from N = 1 to N = 0. A simple shear problem of a metal layer between rigid boundaries is analyzed. Two stages of plastic deformation are considered. In stage I, the plastic strain is taken to be zero at the boundaries. Stage I ends when a specified magnitude of the plastic strain gradient is attained at the boundaries. In stage II, the magnitude of the plastic strain gradient at the boundaries is fixed at the specified value. With N = 0, a critical plastic strain gradient cannot be specified at the boundaries because the plastic strain gradient is infinite at the boundaries. The theory with N = 0 predicts a constant plateau stress immediately after initial yield, and the dependence of the plateau stress on the layer thickness can fit experimentally observed plateau stress values. However, with N = 0, a stress gap occurs between the initial yield stress and the plateau stress. The theory with 0 &lt; N ≤ 1 and with stage II also can reproduce the experimentally observed dependence of the plateau stress on the layer thickness for any value of N in that range, with an appropriate value of critical plastic strain gradient at the boundaries. The solution for 0 &lt; N ≤ 1 includes that for N = 0 as a limiting case.
Mechanics of Tunable Adhesion With Surface Wrinkles
Authors: Zhang Teng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Surface wrinkles have emerged as a promising avenue for the development of smart adhesives with dynamically tunable adhesion, finding applications in diverse fields, such as soft robots and medical devices. Despite intensive studies and great achievements, it is still challenging to model and simulate the tunable adhesion with surface wrinkles due to roughened surface topologies and pre-stress inside the materials. The lack of a mechanistic understanding hinders the rational design of these smart adhesives. Here, we integrate a lattice model for nonlinear deformations of solids and nonlocal interaction potentials for adhesion in the framework of molecular dynamics to explore the roles of surface wrinkles on adhesion behaviors. We validate the proposed model by comparing wrinkles in a neo-Hookean bilayer with benchmarked results and reproducing the analytical solution for cylindrical adhesion. We then systematically study the pull-off force of the wrinkled surface with varied compressive strains and adhesion energies. Our results reveal the competing effect between the adhesion-induced contact and the roughness due to wrinkles on enhancing or weakening the adhesion. Such understanding provides guidance for tailoring material and geometry as well as loading wrinkled surfaces for different applications.
Design Impacts on Ram Air Vane Cooling in an Ultra-Compact Combustor
Authors: DeMarco Kevin J. , Polanka Marc D. , Bohan Brian T. , Rutledge James L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ultra-compact combustor (UCC) aims to decrease the length of gas turbine combustors using a unique design geometry which wraps a combustion chamber around the central axial flow. This distinctive design enables an out of the box type of cooling scheme to be investigated for the turbine inlet vanes, termed the hybrid guide vane (HGV) in the UCC. The leading edge of the HGV experiences only compressor exit air as combustion products do not interact with the vane upstream of the 14% axial chord location. Previous studies were conducted which computationally evaluated the viability of taking in freestream flow through the HGV stagnation region for use as coolant. Based on these studies, a six vane HGV was manufactured which incorporated a solid vane and five hollow vanes. Each of these vanes incorporated different features to vary the size of the internal plug, trailing edge exit, and film cooling holes. In the present study, the cooled HGV was experimentally analyzed using pressure, thermocouple, and infrared (IR) thermography measurements to evaluate internal coolant flowrates and pressure loss along with cooling performance. Furthermore, the vanes were compared to isolate the impact of design differences on vane cooling. It was found that the location of the internal plug and incorporation of film cooling holes had a minor impact on coolant flow and cooling. Additionally, results showed exit area had the largest impact on surface temperature and coolant mass flow where the largest exit area allowed less restricted coolant flow resulting in the lowest average surface temperature. However, completely blocking the exit slot forced coolant to exit only through film cooling holes, stagnating the majority of the internal flow, resulting in surface temperatures higher than the uncooled, solid vane.
Enhanced sub-1 eV detection in organic photodetectors through tuning polymer energetics and microstructure
Authors: Jacoutot Polina , Scaccabarozzi Alberto D. , Nodari Davide , Panidi Julianna , Qiao Zhuoran , Schiza Andriana , Nega Alkmini D. , Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss Antonia , Gregoriou Vasilis G. , Heeney Martin , Chochos Christos L. , Bakulin Artem A. , Gasparini Nicola 
Published: June 2023

One of the key challenges facing organic photodiodes (OPDs) is increasing the detection into the infrared region. Organic semiconductor polymers provide a platform for tuning the bandgap and optoelectronic response to go beyond the traditional 1000-nanometer benchmark. In this work, we present a near-infrared (NIR) polymer with absorption up to 1500 nanometers. The polymer-based OPD delivers a high specific detectivity

D
*

of 1.03 × 10
10
Jones (−2 volts) at 1200 nanometers and a dark current
J
d
of just 2.3 × 10
−6
ampere per square centimeter at −2 volts. We demonstrate a strong improvement of all OPD metrics in the NIR region compared to previously reported NIR OPD due to the enhanced crystallinity and optimized energy alignment, which leads to reduced charge recombination. The high

D
*

value in the 1100-to-1300-nanometer region is particularly promising for biosensing applications. We demonstrate the OPD as a pulse oximeter under NIR illumination, delivering heart rate and blood oxygen saturation readings in real time without signal amplification.
The role of CenKR in the coordination ofRhodobacter sphaeroidescell elongation and division
Authors: Lakey Bryan D. , Alberge François , Parrell Daniel , Wright Elizabeth R. , Noguera Daniel R. , Donohue Timothy J. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTCell elongation and division are essential aspects of the bacterial life cycle that must be coordinated for viability and replication. The impact of misregulation of these processes is not well understood as these systems are often not amenable to traditional genetic manipulation. Recently, we reported on the CenKR two-component system (TCS) in the Gram-negative bacteriumRhodobacter sphaeroidesthat is genetically tractable, widely conserved in α-proteobacteria, and directly regulates the expression of components crucial for cell elongation and division, including genes encoding subunit of the Tol-Pal complex. In this work, we show that overexpression ofcenKresults in cell filamentation and chaining. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), we generated high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) images and three-dimensional (3D) volumes of the cell envelope and division septum of wild-type cells and acenKoverexpression strain finding that these morphological changes stem from defects in outer membrane (OM) and peptidoglycan (PG) constriction. By monitoring the localization of Pal, PG biosynthesis, and the bacterial cytoskeletal proteins MreB and FtsZ, we developed a model for how increased CenKR activity leads to changes in cell elongation and division. This model predicts that increased CenKR activity decreases the mobility of Pal, delaying OM constriction, and ultimately disrupting the midcell positioning of MreB and FtsZ and interfering with the spatial regulation of PG synthesis and remodeling.IMPORTANCEBy coordinating cell elongation and division, bacteria maintain their shape, support critical envelope functions, and orchestrate division. Regulatory and assembly systems have been implicated in these processes in some well-studied Gram-negative bacteria. However, we lack information on these processes and their conservation across the bacterial phylogeny. InR. sphaeroidesand other α-proteobacteria, CenKR is an essential two-component system (TCS) that regulates the expression of genes known or predicted to function in cell envelope biosynthesis, elongation, and/or division. Here, we leverage unique features of CenKR to understand how increasing its activity impacts cell elongation/division and use antibiotics to identify how modulating the activity of this TCS leads to changes in cell morphology. Our results provide new insight into how CenKR activity controls the structure and function of the bacterial envelope, the localization of cell elongation and division machinery, and cellular processes in organisms with importance in health, host-microbe interactions, and biotechnology.
Progression, reliability, predicting parameters and sample size calculations for quantitative fundus autofluorescence measures inABCA4-related retinopathy
Authors: Müller Philipp L , Treis Tim , Tufail Adnan , Holz Frank G 
Published: June 2023

Background/aimsTo investigate the progression of quantitative autofluorescence (qAF) measures and the potential as clinical trial endpoint inABCA4-related retinopathy.MethodsIn this longitudinal monocentre study, 64 patients withABCA4-related retinopathy (age (mean±SD), 34.84±16.36 years) underwent serial retinal imaging, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and qAF (488 nm excitation) imaging using a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope with a mean (±SD) review period of 20.32±10.90 months. A group of 110 healthy subjects served as controls. Retest variability, changes of qAF measures over time and its association with genotype and phenotype were analysed. Furthermore, individual prognostic feature importance was assessed, and sample size calculations for future interventional trials were performed.ResultsCompared with controls, qAF levels of patients were significantly elevated. The test–retest reliability revealed a 95% coefficient of repeatability of 20.37. During the observation time, young patients, patients with a mild phenotype (morphological and functional) and patients with mild mutations showed an absolute and relative increase in qAF values, while patients with advanced disease manifestation (morphological and functional), and homozygous mutations at adulthood revealed a decrease in qAF. Considering these parameters, required sample size and study duration could significantly be reduced.ConclusionUnder standardised settings with elaborated conditions towards operators and analysis to counterbalance variability, qAF imaging might be reliable, suitable for quantifying disease progression and constitutes a potential clinical surrogate marker inABCA4-related retinopathy. Trial design based on patients’ baseline characteristics and genotype has the potential to provide benefits regarding required cohort size and absolute number of visits.
Racial and ethnic differences in the availability of community medical services after leaving prison
Authors: Schwartz Joseph A , Kim Young-An , Dark Tyra , Siennick Sonja E 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionIncarcerated individuals experience increased health problems, presenting additional challenges as they leave prison and re-enter the community. These challenges are disproportionally experienced by racial and ethnic minorities. Despite these trends, little is known regarding the availability of medical services within the communities to which incarcerated individuals return.MethodsWe examined all prison returns in the state of Florida between 2008 and 2017. We examined the odds of returning from prison to a community that is formally designated as medically underserved by the Health Resources and Services Administration. We also examined whether Florida communities with a greater proportion of racial and ethnic minority returns were more likely to be designated as medically underserved.ResultsOverall, each SD increase in community return rate resulted in a 20% increase in the odds of medical underservice designation. For each SD increase in the proportion of black and Latino returns, the odds of medical underservice designation increased by 50% and 14%, respectively, compared with the proportion of white returns.DiscussionWithin Florida, previously incarcerated individuals are more likely to return to communities with limited availability of medical services. These findings are even more pronounced for communities with more black returnees. Previously incarcerated individuals are more likely to return to communities that lack the medical infrastructure required to address their unique healthcare needs, potentially leading to worsened health, and increased racial and ethnic health disparities.
Asthma symptoms, spirometry and air pollution exposure in schoolchildren in an informal settlement and an affluent area of Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Meme Hellen , Amukoye Evans , Bowyer Cressida , Chakaya Jeremiah , Das Darpan , Dobson Ruaraidh , Dragosits Ulrike , Fuld Jonathan , Gray Cindy , Hahn Matthew , Kiplimo Richard , Lesosky Maia , Loh Miranda M , McKendree Jean , Mortimer Kevin , Ndombi Amos , Netter Louis , Obasi Angela , Orina Fred , Pearson Clare , Price Heather , Quint Jennifer K , Semple Sean , Twigg Marsailidh , Waelde Charlotte , Walnycki Anna , Warwick Melaneia , Wendler Jana , West Sarah E , Wilson Michael , Zurba Lindsay , Devereux Graham 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAlthough 1 billion people live in informal (slum) settlements, the consequences for respiratory health of living in these settlements remain largely unknown. This study investigated whether children living in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya are at increased risk of asthma symptoms.MethodsChildren attending schools in Mukuru (an informal settlement in Nairobi) and a more affluent area (Buruburu) were compared. Questionnaires quantified respiratory symptoms and environmental exposures; spirometry was performed; personal exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) was estimated.Results2373 children participated, 1277 in Mukuru (median age, IQR 11, 9–13 years, 53% girls), and 1096 in Buruburu (10, 8–12 years, 52% girls). Mukuru schoolchildren were from less affluent homes, had greater exposure to pollution sources and PM2.5. When compared with Buruburu schoolchildren, Mukuru schoolchildren had a greater prevalence of symptoms, ‘current wheeze’ (9.5% vs 6.4%, p=0.007) and ‘trouble breathing’ (16.3% vs 12.6%, p=0.01), and these symptoms were more severe and problematic. Diagnosed asthma was more common in Buruburu (2.8% vs 1.2%, p=0.004). Spirometry did not differ between Mukuru and Buruburu. Regardless of community, significant adverse associations were observed with self-reported exposure to ‘vapours, dusts, gases, fumes’, mosquito coil burning, adult smoker(s) in the home, refuse burning near homes and residential proximity to roads.ConclusionChildren living in informal settlements are more likely to develop wheezing symptoms consistent with asthma that are more severe but less likely to be diagnosed as asthma. Self-reported but not objectively measured air pollution exposure was associated with increased risk of asthma symptoms.
Relativistic modeling of stellar objects in a Schwarzschild’s coordinates with embedded class one spacetime
Authors: Prasad Amit Kumar , Kumar Mahesh , Kumar Jitendra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigate a new relativistic anisotropic Einstein field equations solution for compact stars under embedding class 1 conditions. In order to do this, we apply the Karmarkar condition and the embedding class one technique. By taking Buchdahl type metric potential $$ g_{rr} $$

g

rr

into consideration, the precise analytical solution has been investigated. We have studied physical characteristics of various compact star using this analytical solution. Central singularities are absent from the solution. We have explored thermodynamic observables inside the stellar models, such as radial and tangential pressures, matter density, anisotropic factor, energy conditions, TOV, red-shift, and the speed of sound, etc., after establishing this space-time geometry for the stellar models. From the graphical representation of various physical characteristics, it is demonstrated that our model meets all the specification for ultra-high density compact bodies.
Num2vec: Pre-Training Numeric Representations for Time Series Forecasting in the Sensing System
Authors: Fan Jinxiao , Wang Pengfei , Fan Yu , Liu Liang , Ma Huadong 
Published: June 2023

Time series forecasting in the sensing system aims to predict future values based on historical records that sensors have collected. Previous works, however, usually focus on improving model structure or algorithm for better performance but the perspective of learning proper numeric representations is overlooked. The inappropriate and coarse numeric representations are not expressive enough to capture the intrinsic characteristics of numbers, which will obviously degrade the prediction performance.
In this article, we propose Num2vec, an algorithmic framework to learn numeric representations. Specifically, Num2vec lists three main logic characteristics of numbers: arithmetic, direction, and periodicity. By representing numbers into a transition space, Num2vec can translates numbers agilely to different Internet of Things tasks through selecting the corresponding characteristics. According to such a design, Num2vec enjoys flexible numeric representations to fit different Internet of Things time series tasks. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets show that the approach achieves the best performance when compared with state-of-the-art baselines.