bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Bar Velocity to Assess Post-match Neuromuscular Fatigue in
Young Soccer Players
Authors: Barreira João , Gantois Petrus , Castro Jorge , Mesquita Xavier , Peixoto Rafael , Cid Miguel Ferreira , Loturco Irineu , Sousa Ana , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the recovery of neuromuscular performance using
mechanical parameters collected during jump (vertical and horizontal) and
strength-power exercises in youth soccer players after official soccer matches.
Twenty-one outfield highly trained youth male soccer athletes (age: 18.23±0.73
years; weight: 72.12±6.99 kg; height: 1.78±0.08 m) from two teams competing in
the 1st division of U-19 Portuguese National Championship
participated in this study. Players completed a battery of physical tests at
−2 h, + 30 min, +24 h, and +48 h in relation to the match. Countermovement jump
height, horizontal jump distance, and bar velocity during the half squat, bench
press, and hip thrust exercises, at fixed loads, were recorded. Countermovement
jump was impaired until 24 h post-match (−1.7% from pre- to 24 h
post-match, p=0.050; ES=−0.82). Half-squat bar velocity was
reduced immediately following the match (−6.8% from pre-match,
p=0.004; ES=−0.64) but recovered at +24 h (+2.9%, p=1.00;
ES=0.02). Hip-thrust bar velocity was reduced for up to 48 h post-match
(−7.4% from pre- to 48 h post-match, p<0.001;
ES=−0.80). No impairments were found in the horizontal jump and bench
press at any moment. Our findings show prolonged decrements in strength of the
posterior chain following a soccer match, measured in the hip thrust exercise,
while the other exercises displayed faster recovery dynamics.
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: An Evolution of Trials
Authors: Starikova Natalia , Räty Silja , Strbian Daniel , Kaiser Daniel P. O. , Gerber Johannes C. , Huo Xiaochuan , Qiu Zhongming , Chen Hui-Sheng , Kaesmacher Johannes , Pallesen Lars-Peder , Barlinn Kristian , Sun Dapeng , Abdalkader Mohamad , Nguyen Thanh N. , Nagel Simon , Miao Zhongrong , Puetz Volker 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe last decade's progress in demonstrating the clinical benefit of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large vessel occlusion stroke has transformed the paradigm of care for these patients. This review presents the milestones in implementing EVT as standard of care, demonstrates the current state of evidence, provides guidance for identifying the candidate patient for EVT, and highlights unsolved and controversial issues. Ongoing trials investigate broadening of EVT indications for patients who present with large core infarction, adjunctive intra-arterial thrombolysis, medium vessel occlusion, low NIHSS, and tandem occlusion.
Tunable terahertz metamaterial with multi-resonance characteristic for refractive index sensing application
Authors: Sun Hao , Lin Yu-Sheng 
Published: August 2023

A tunable terahertz (THz) metamaterial (TTM) composed of double connected semicircle-shaped rings and two segregated metallic bars is presented. Through the manipulation of the radius of connected semicircle-shaped rings (R), the transverse electric (TE)-polarization resonance is red-shifted from 1.225 to 0.669 THz. The first and second transverse magnetic (TM)-polarization resonances can be systematically red-shifted from 1.225 to 0.669 THz and from 1.787 to 1.162 THz, respectively. By increasing the R value from 15.0 to 27.5 µm, the tuning trend of the free spectral range is linear over the range of 0.50 THz. Moreover, the TTM device shows polarization-dependent characteristics, which can be modulated by manipulating the distance between the semicircular-shaped ring structure and the metallic bar. The electromagnetic responses of the TTM device can be effectively tuned, enabling the possibility to switch between single-resonance in the TE mode, and dual-, triple-, and quad-resonance in the TM mode. The experiment and simulation results are agreed well. The TTM device can be employed as a sensor for evaluating the change of surrounding refractive index. The sensitivities between resonances and refractive indices are linear in the TE and TM modes. Therefore, TTM devices can be used for single-, dual-, triple-, and quad-resonance switching, polarization switching, and high-efficiency environmental sensing applications.
Loss of energetic ions due to n = 1 internal kink instability in HL-2M
Authors: Dong G. Q. , Liu Y. Q. , Hao G. Z. , Wang S. , Zhang N. , Wang Y. Q. , Miao Y. T. , Li C. Y. , Zhao Y. F. 
Published: August 2023

Effects of three-dimensional (3D) perturbations due to an unstable n = 1 (n is the toroidal mode number) internal kink (IK) on the energetic particles (EPs) are systematically investigated for the HL-2M tokamak, utilizing the MARS-F/K code [Liu et al., Phys. Plasmas 7, 3681–3690 (2000)] and a recently developed test particle tracing module. A high-beta sawteething HL-2M scenario, simulated by the TRANSP code [Breslau et al., Transp Computer Software (2018)], is chosen for this study. In general, the 3D perturbation associated with an unstable IK is found to affect the EP drift orbit, confinement, and loss in HL-2M. The instability-induced EP loss fraction is found to be typically less than 10%, without counting for the prompt orbit loss associated with the 2D equilibrium field for counter-current particles. The latter reaches about 16% in HL-2M. For co-current EPs, a 100 G 3D magnetic field (inside the plasma) due to the IK does not induce any EP loss assuming a static perturbation. A sawtooth-like time-varying perturbation field, with the peak amplitude reaching 1000 G, can however produce about 30% loss for the co-current EPs in HL-2M. The majority of lost EPs tend to strike the lower divertor region, with a small fraction of particles striking the low-field side mid-plane region of the limiting surface.
Experimental study on physical characteristics of dielectric-boosted gliding arc discharge
Authors: Meng Xiangyi , Lu Na , Cheng Shiye , Li Yubing , Liu Dongping , Shang Kefeng , Jiang Nan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To augment the plasma processing capability, and obtain an enhanced plasma area, a dielectric-boosted gliding arc discharge (DBGAD) reactor was developed. The electrical, gliding arc motion and energy injection characteristics of the DBGAD reactor were investigated. The process of AC DBGAD includes breakdown gliding mode (B-G) and steady arc gliding mode (A-G), with peak currents on the order of amperes in B-G mode and on the order of milliamps in A-G mode. Situating a 50 mm quartz dielectric underneath the plasma area at a distance of 10 mm from the base of the blade electrodes, enhanced discharge power is obtained, and sustained arc gliding time is extended efficiently. At an input voltage of 9.2 kV, the DBGAD demonstrates a 27% increase in arc stabilization gliding time compared to the gliding arc discharge (GAD) and delivers an average discharge power 1.12 times superior to that of the GAD. In the DBGAD reactor, the plasma column twists following the minor vortex of the reflow and has a more pleated shape. The energy injection characteristics are analyzed using the fast Fourier transform system, and the results show that the current harmonic content of DBGAD is reduced and the discharge fluctuation is mitigated, which is favorable for stable discharge. The primary benefit of incorporating quartz dielectric is that it provides the mobile arc with a supportive force, leading to a more substantial and intensely focused plasma field. This in turn facilitates greater system stability and yields measurable enhancements in power output.
Bound states in the continuum driven by multiple modes for high Q refractive index sensing in metasurfaces
Authors: Li Jiangbin , Wang Zhihui , Liu Haiying 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs) have attracted much attention in the field of refractive index sensing. In this paper, we propose multi-mode symmetry-protected BICs (SP-BICs) and the Freidrich–Wintgen BIC (FW-BIC) in terahertz metasurfaces consisted of periodic open split ring resonators. Firstly, multi-mode SP-BICs are subject to the magnetic dipole, electric dipole (ED), and toroidal dipole (TD) modes. Moreover, we demonstrate the FW-BIC by strongly coupling the electric quadrupole and TD modes. For micron film sensing of the ED mode, simulation results show that the Q factor, the sensitivity of sensing (S), and the corresponding figure of merit can simultaneously reach 1561, 141 GHz/RIU, and 306, respectively. Our quasi-BICs have potential applications in micro-sensing.
Dynamic radar jamming metasurface with amplitude and phase modulation
Authors: Guo Zhiqing , Bian Li-an , Lin Mingtuan , Chen Ranhao , Li Yanxiu , Huang Yuanxin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a one-bit coding metasurface comprised of 20 columns is proposed to achieve amplitude and phase modulation. Each column is dynamically controlled by p-i-n diodes to modulate the incident electromagnetic waves. By synthesizing the code sequence, the radar cross section (RCS) of the surface can be reduced to specific values. With shift coding and inverse code sequence, the metasurface can also achieve phase modulation function with almost the same amplitude responses. A metasurface prototype is fabricated and measured, showing an obvious RCS reduction in a 35.2% bandwidth from 7 to 10 GHz. Specifically, a high RCS reduction of 23 dB can be achieved at 8.5 GHz. In addition, the metasurface exhibits the capability of phase modulation with responses of

60
±

15
∘

and

140
±

30
∘

, while the amplitude responses are almost the same. Overall, the proposed dynamic metasurface is useful for radar jamming, which is expected to further improve the stealth performance of the target.
Structure and energetics of FeO/Fe(001) interfaces
Authors: Ossowski Tomasz , Kiejna Adam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We report results of density functional theory calculations of structure and properties of 1–5 monolayer thin FeO(001) films and their interactions with the Fe(001) surface. It is found that deposition of an iron-oxide film affects weakly geometry of the Fe(001) support, causing small

<

2% expansion of the first interplanar distance compared to clean iron surface. Analysis of the electronic structure of the FeO/Fe system shows that after interface formation, the oxide layer remains semiconducting and the substrate metallic. Electronic structure of the FeO(001) layer in direct contact with the Fe(001) surface exhibits metallic character. Magnetism of the metal/semiconductor interface is only slightly disturbed compared to that of isolated components. The FeO adlayers preserve antiferromagnetic (AFM) nature of the oxide and the sharp boundary between higher AFM phase of FeO and lower ferromagnetic phase of Fe is observed at the interface.
3D-ordered porous CdS/AgI/ZnO nanostructures for high-performance photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Hieu Hoang Nhat , Nguyen Van Nghia , Nguyen Vuong Minh , Phan Thanh Hai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
3D-ordered porous CdS/AgI/ZnO nanostructures were designed to perform as high-performance photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting applications. They rely on the advantages of an extremely large active surface area, high absorption capacity in the visible-light region, fast carrier separation and transportation caused by the intrinsic ladder-like band arrangement. These nanostructures were fabricated by employing a three-stage experiment in a sequence of hard mold-assisted electrochemical deposition, wet chemical method and deposition–precipitation. First, 3D-ordered ZnO nanostructures were electrochemically deposited using a polystyrene film as the sacrificed template. AgI nanoparticles were then decorated on the interfacial ZnO nanostructures by deposition–precipitation. Finally, these binary AgI/ZnO nanoporous networks were thoroughly wet-chemically coated with a CdS film to form a so-called ‘ternary interfacial CdS/AgI/ZnO nanostructures’. The PEC water-splitting properties of the fabricated 3D nanostructures were systematically studied and compared. As a result, the highest efficiency of the fabricated 3D-ordered porous CdS/AgI/ZnO measured under the irradiation of solar simulation is about 5.2%, which is relatively 1.5, 3.5 and 11.3 times greater than that of the corresponding CdS/ZnO (3,4%), AgI/ZnO (1.5%) and pristine porous ZnO (0.46%) photoelectrodes, respectively. The significant improvement in the PEC activity is attributed to the enhanced charge separation and transport of ternary photoelectrodes caused by an unconventional ladder-like band arrangement formed between interfacial CdS-AgI-ZnO. Our study provides a promising strategy for developing such ternary photoelectrode generation that possesses higher stability and efficiency towards water-splitting processes.
Impact of variable thermal conductivity on flow of trihybrid nanofluid over a stretching surface
Authors: Jan Saeed Ullah , Khan Umar , Islam Saeed , Ayaz Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The present article describes the impact of variable thermal conductivity on the flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid with cylindrical shape nanoparticles over a stretching surface. Three nanoparticles combine in base fluid polymer. The assumption made will be used to model an equations. Modeled equations are in the form of a system of partial differential equations are difficult to solve can be converted to system of an ordinary differential equations, through resemblance substitutions, and will be solved numerically. Numerical scheme of Runge–Kutta order four is coupled with the shooting method to solve the resulting equations. The graphs in the study illustrate how physical quantities, such as magnetic field, injection/suction, nanoparticles volume fraction, and variable thermal conductivity, affected the velocity, skin friction, temperature, and local Nusselt number. The velocity profiles deflate as the volume fraction rises. While the temperature rises with an increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles for both injection and suction, the velocity profiles also decline as the injection and suction parameter increases. Furthermore, as the magnetic field increases, the temperature profile rises while the velocity profile falls. The temperature curves increase as thermal conductivity increases. Finally, as the magnetic field is strengthened, the Nusselt number and skin friction decrease. The combination of mathematical modeling, numerical solution techniques, and the analysis of physical quantities contributes to the advancement of knowledge in this ternary hybrid nanofluid.
Two-dimensional graphitic metal carbides: structure, stability and electronic properties
Authors: Yam Kah-Meng , Zhang Yongjie , Guo Na , Jiang Zhuoling , Deng Hui , Zhang Chun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Via first-principles computational modeling and calculations, we propose a new class of two-dimensional (2D) atomically thin crystals that contain metal-C3 (MC3) moieties periodically distributed in a graphenic lattice, which we refer to as 2D graphitic metal carbides (g-MCs). Most g-MCs are dynamically stable as verified by the calculated phonon spectra. Our detailed chemical bonding analyzes reveal that the high stability of g-MCs can be attributed to a unique bonding feature, which manifests as the carbon-backbone-mediated metal–metal interactions. These analyzes provide new insights for understanding the stability of 2D materials. It is found that the calculated electronic band gaps and magnetic moments (per unit cell) of g-MCs can range from 0 to 1.30 eV and 0 to 4.40 μ
B, respectively. Highly tunable electronic properties imply great potential of 2D g-MCs in various applications. As an example, we show that 2D g-MnC can be an excellent electrocatalyst towards CO2 reductive reaction for the formation of formic acid with an exceptionally high loading of Mn atoms (∼43 wt%). We expect this work to simulate new experiments for fabrication and applications of g-MCs.
Tumor detection under cystoscopy with transformer-augmented deep learning algorithm
Authors: Jia Xiao , Shkolyar Eugene , Laurie Mark A , Eminaga Okyaz , Liao Joseph C , Xing Lei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Accurate tumor detection is critical in cystoscopy to improve bladder cancer resection and decrease recurrence. Advanced deep learning algorithms hold the potential to improve the performance of standard white-light cystoscopy (WLC) in a noninvasive and cost-effective fashion. The purpose of this work is to develop a cost-effective, transformer-augmented deep learning algorithm for accurate detection of bladder tumors in WLC and to assess its performance on archived patient data. Approach. ‘CystoNet-T’, a deep learning-based bladder tumor detector, was developed with a transformer-augmented pyramidal CNN architecture to improve automated tumor detection of WLC. CystoNet-T incorporated the self-attention mechanism by attaching transformer encoder modules to the pyramidal layers of the feature pyramid network (FPN), and obtained multi-scale activation maps with global features aggregation. Features resulting from context augmentation served as the input to a region-based detector to produce tumor detection predictions. The training set was constructed by 510 WLC frames that were obtained from cystoscopy video sequences acquired from 54 patients. The test set was constructed based on 101 images obtained from WLC sequences of 13 patients. Main results. CystoNet-T was evaluated on the test set with 96.4 F1 and 91.4 AP (Average Precision). This result improved the benchmark of Faster R-CNN and YOLO by 7.3 points in F1 and 3.8 points in AP. The improvement is attributed to the strong ability of global attention of CystoNet-T and better feature learning of the pyramids architecture throughout the training. The model was found to be particularly effective in highlighting the foreground information for precise localization of the true positives while favorably avoiding false alarms Significance. We have developed a deep learning algorithm that accurately detects bladder tumors in WLC. Transformer-augmented AI framework promises to aid in clinical decision-making for improved bladder cancer diagnosis and therapeutic guidance.
3D PET/CT tumor segmentation based on nnU-Net with GCN refinement
Authors: Xue Hengzhi , Fang Qingqing , Yao Yudong , Teng Yueyang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans are an important tool for diagnosing various malignancies (e.g. malignant melanoma, lymphoma, or lung cancer), and accurate segmentation of tumors is a key part of subsequent treatment. In recent years, convolutional neural network based segmentation methods have been extensively investigated. However, these methods often give inaccurate segmentation results, such as oversegmentation and undersegmentation. To address these issues, we propose a postprocessing method based on a graph convolutional network (GCN) to refine inaccurate segmentation results and improve the overall segmentation accuracy. Approach. First, nnU-Net is used as an initial segmentation framework, and the uncertainty in the segmentation results is analyzed. Certain and uncertain pixels are used to establish the nodes of a graph. Each node and its 6 neighbors form an edge, and 32 nodes are randomly selected as uncertain nodes to form edges. The highly uncertain nodes are used as the subsequent refinement targets. Second, the nnU-Net results of the certain nodes are used as labels to form a semisupervised graph network problem, and the uncertain part is optimized by training the GCN to improve the segmentation performance. This describes our proposed nnU-Net + GCN segmentation framework. Main results. We perform tumor segmentation experiments with the PET/CT dataset from the MICCIA2022 autoPET challenge. Among these data, 30 cases are randomly selected for testing, and the experimental results show that the false-positive rate is effectively reduced with nnU-Net + GCN refinement. In quantitative analysis, there is an improvement of 2.1% for the average Dice score, 6.4 for the 95% Hausdorff distance (HD95), and 1.7 for the average symmetric surface distance. Significance. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation results show that GCN postprocessing methods can effectively improve the tumor segmentation performance.
A torus source and its application for non-primary radiation evaluation
Authors: Cheng Han-Long , Wang Jin-Long , Wang Xiao-Yun , Wu Xiao-Guang , Xiao Jie-Fang , Wang Yang , Zheng Yun , Jin Xiao , Xu Ying , He Li-Juan , Li Cong-Bo , Li Tian-Xiao , Zheng Min , Zhao Zi-Hao , He Zi-Yang , Li Jin-Ze , Li Yun-Qiu , Hong Rui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Non-primary radiation doses to normal tissues from proton therapy may be associated with an increased risk of secondary malignancies, particularly in long-term survivors. Thus, a systematic method to evaluate if the dose level of non-primary radiation meets the IEC standard requirements is needed. Approach. Different from the traditional photon radiation therapy system, proton therapy systems are composed of several subsystems in a thick bunker. These subsystems are all possible sources of non-primary radiation threatening the patient. As a case study, 7 sources in the P-Cure synchrotron-based proton therapy system are modeled in Monte Carlo (MC) code: tandem injector, injection, synchrotron ring, extraction, beam transport line, scanning nozzle and concrete reflection/scattering. To accurately evaluate the synchrotron beam loss and non-primary dose, a new model called the torus source model is developed. Its parametric equations define the position and direction of the off-orbit particle bombardment on the torus pipe shell in the Cartesian coordinate system. Non-primary doses are finally calculated by several FLUKA simulations. Main results. The ratios of summarized non-primary doses from different sources to the planned dose of 2 Gy are all much smaller than the IEC requirements in both the 15–50 cm and 50–200 cm regions. Thus, the P-Cure synchrotron-based proton therapy system is clean and patient-friendly, and there is no need an inner shielding concrete between the accelerator and patient. Significance. Non-primary radiation dose level is a very important indicator to evaluate the quality of a PT system. This manuscript provides a feasible MC procedure for synchrotron-based proton therapy with new beam loss model. Which could help people figure out precisely whether this level complies with the IEC standard before the system put into clinical treatment. What’ more, the torus source model could be widely used for bending magnets in gantries and synchrotrons to evaluate non-primary doses or other radiation doses.
Revelation of resistive switching mechanism in AlOx based RRAM device
Authors: Fu Liping , Liu Hengyi , Fan Xiaolong , Li Yingtao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Resistive random access memory (RRAM) device based on conductive filaments (CF) is a promising candidate for next-generation nonvolatile memory applications. A detailed understanding of the resistive switching phenomenon is very important for RRAM development. In this paper, a numerical physics-based drift/diffusion model is presented to examine the resistive switching characteristic and morphological evolution of CF channels in AlOx based RRAM device. The experiment phenomenon and simulated results suggest that CF channels formed in the oxide film are composed of Cu metal and oxygen vacancy.