bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of intermittent theta burst stimulation of the unilateral cerebellar hemisphere on swallowing-related brain regions in healthy subjects
Authors: Wang Bingyan , Sun Hui , Pan Xiaona , Ma Wenshuai , Dong Linghui , Wang Qiang , Meng Pingping 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of swallowing-related brain regions using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in healthy subjects who underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on dominant or non-dominant cerebellar hemispheres.MethodsThirty-nine healthy subjects were randomized into three groups that completed different iTBS protocols (dominant cerebellum group, non-dominant cerebellum group and sham group). Before iTBS, the resting motor threshold (rMT) was measured by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (sTMS) on the cerebellar representation of the suprahyoid muscles, and the dominant cerebellar hemisphere for swallowing was determined. Forty-eight hours after elution, iTBS protocols were completed: in the dominant cerebellum group, iTBS was administered to the dominant cerebellar hemisphere, and the non-dominant cerebellar hemisphere was given sham stimulation; in the non-dominant cerebellum group, iTBS was administered to the non-dominant cerebellar hemisphere, and sham stimulation was delivered to the dominant cerebellar hemisphere; in the sham group, sham stimulation was applied to the cerebellum bilaterally. Rs-fMRI was performed before and after iTBS stimulation to observe changes in the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in the whole brain.ResultsCompared with baseline, the dominant cerebellum group showed increased fALFF in the ipsilateral cerebellum, and decreased fALFF in the ipsilateral middle temporal gyrus and contralateral precuneus after iTBS; the iTBS of the non-dominant cerebellum group induced increased fALFF in the ipsilateral superior frontal gyrus, the calcarine fissure and the surrounding cortex, and the contralateral inferior parietal lobule; and in the sham group, there was no significant difference in fALFF. Exploring the effects induced by iTBS among groups, the dominant cerebellum group showed decreased fALFF in the contralateral calcarine fissure, and surrounding cortex compared with the sham group.ConclusionIntermittent theta burst stimulation of the dominant cerebellar hemisphere for swallowing excited the ipsilateral cerebellum, and stimulation of the non-dominant cerebellar hemisphere increased the spontaneous neural activity of multiple cerebrocortical areas related to swallowing. In conclusion, regardless of which side of the cerebellum is stimulated, iTBS can facilitate part of the brain neural network related to swallowing. Our findings provide supporting evidence that cerebellar iTBS can be used as a potential method to modulate human swallowing movement.
Physiological and neural synchrony in emotional and neutral stimulus processing: A study protocol
Authors: Hollandt Maike , Kaiser Tim , Mohrmann Heino , Richter Jan , Wirkner Janine 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAs psychotherapy involves at least two individuals, it is essential to include the interaction perspective research. During interaction, synchrony, i.e., the occurrence of simultaneous responses, can be observed at the physiological, neural, and behavioral level. Physiological responses include heart rate and electrodermal activity; neural markers can be measured using electroencephalogram. Emotionally arousing stimuli are allocated more attentional resources (motivated attention), which is reflected in physiological activation and brain potentials. Here we present a protocol for a pilot study implementing a new research methodology, and replication of the motivated attention to emotion effect in in dyads. There is evidence that higher synchrony is associated with more positive (therapeutic) relationships. Thus, the secondary outcome will be the association between physiological and neural synchrony and subjective ratings.Methods and designIndividuals (18−30 years) will participate in same-sex pairs in two experiments. In the first experiment (triadic interaction), both participants attentively watch unpleasant, neutral and pleasant pictures, and read/listen to standardized scripts (unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant, respectively) for the imagination task. In the second experiment, participants will read out three scripts (unpleasant, neutral, pleasant) to each other, followed by a joint imagination period. Stimuli will be presented in counterbalanced orders. After each picture and imagination, participants rate their subjective arousal and valence. In the beginning and in the end of the procedure, dyads rate their relationship, sympathy, and bonds (Working Alliance Inventory subscale). Heart rate, electrodermal activity and electroencephalogram will be continuously measured during both experiments using portable devices (EcgMove4 and EdaMove4, nine-channel B-Alert X-Series mobile-wireless EEG). Synchrony analyses will include the dual electroencephalography analysis pipeline, correlational analyses and Actor–Partner Interdependence Models.DiscussionThe present study protocol provides an experimental approach to investigate interpersonal synchrony during emotion processing, allowing for the establishment of research methods in a pilot study, which can later be translated into real-life psychotherapy research. In the future, fundamental understanding of such mechanisms in dyadic interactions is essential in order to promote therapeutic relationships, and thus, treatment effectiveness and efficiency.
Prevalence and variables associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among Chilean higher education students, post-pandemic
Authors: Martínez-Líbano Jonathan , Torres-Vallejos Javier , Oyanedel Juan C. , González-Campusano Nicol , Calderón-Herrera Gilda , Yeomans-Cabrera María-Mercedes 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundMental health among university students is a public health problem in Chile, understanding that this population is susceptible to mental disorders.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine the prevalence and variables influencing depression, anxiety, and stress in Chilean university students.MethodA representative sample (n = 1,062) of Chilean university students and a cross-sectional study design were used. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors associated with symptomatology. They were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A questionnaire with sociodemographic variables was applied in November 2022, in addition to the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-21), instruments with excellent reliability in this population (α = 0.955; ω = 0.956). On the other hand, the Questionnaire of Problematic Alcohol and Drug Consumption (DEP-ADO) was applied. A descriptive analysis was performed, followed by bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression using SPSS version 25. The variables showed a value of p &lt;0.05; they were declared statistically significant in the final model. Odds ratios (OR) were adjusted to a 95% confidence interval (95% CI), which was used to determine the independent predictors.ResultsThe prevalence of mental health problems in this population was high, with depressive symptoms in 63.1% of the sample; 69.2% with anxiety; 57% with stress; 27.4% with problematic alcohol consumption; and 14.9% with inappropriate marijuana consumption. Some 10.1% of the sample reported daily medication with antidepressants and/or anxiolytics. Concerning significant variables for depression, these were: being female, belonging to sexual, not having children, having problematic marijuana use, and using prescription drugs. Concerning anxiety, the significant variables were being a woman, belonging to sexual minorities, being an adolescent, and consuming prescription medication. Finally, concerning stress, the significant variables were being a woman, belonging to sexual minorities, being a student dedicated exclusively to academic activities, and taking prescription medication.ConclusionChilean university students presented a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress, where being female and belonging to sexual minorities seem to be the variables that have the greatest impact on susceptibility to mental health problems. These results should call the attention of political and university authorities in Chile to improve this population’s mental health and quality of life since they are the following professional generation of our country.
Are we ready for the next pandemic? Lessons learned from healthcare professionals’ perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alsaeed Dalal , Al-Ozairi Abdullah , Alsarraf Hussain , Albarrak Fajer , Al-Ozairi Ebaa 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe mental health and wellbeing of people watching the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic unfold has been discussed widely, with many experiencing feelings of anxiety and depression. The state of mental health of medical staff on the frontlines providing care should be examined; medical staff are overworked to meet the demands of providing care to the rise in cases and deterioration in capacity to meet demands, and this has put them under great psychological pressure. This may lead to an increase in medical errors, affect quality of care, and reduce staff retention rates. Understanding the impact the pandemic has had on healthcare professionals is needed to provide recommendations to prepare for future crises.ObjectivesTo be able to meet the needs of the medical workforce on the frontlines and inform psychological support interventions and strategies for future pandemics, we aim to identify and explore the psychological impact of COVID-19 in Kuwait on healthcare professionals in close contact with patients.MethodsUsing semi-structured interviews, we conducted interviews between February and July 2021 with 20 healthcare professionals across Ministry of Health hospitals who were part of COVID teams. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and analysis was conducted using principles of thematic framework analysis.ResultsThree themes emerged to help prepare future healthcare frontline workers on an individual, organizational, and national level: enhance self-resilience, a better-equipped workforce and healthcare environment, and mitigate stigma and increase public awareness.ConclusionThe results have assisted in highlighting areas of improvement to support the healthcare workforce in the current environment, as well as better prepare them for future pandemics. The findings have also provided insight to recommend targeted interventions. These should improve the psychological wellbeing and help in supporting healthcare professionals to reduce burnout, continue effective care of patients, and enhance resilience.
Evaluation and diagnosis of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea—An update
Authors: Teplitzky Taylor B. , Zauher Audrey , Isaiah Amal 
Published: March 2023

PurposeFormal overnight polysomnography (PSG) is required to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Most clinical guidelines do not recommend home-based tests for pediatric OSA. However, PSG is limited by feasibility, cost, availability, patient discomfort, and resource utilization. Additionally, the role of PSG in evaluating disease impact may need to be revised. There is a strong need for alternative testing that can stratify the need for PSG and improve the time to diagnosis of OSA. This narrative review aims to evaluate and discuss innovative approaches to pediatric SDB diagnosis.FindingsMethods to evaluate pediatric SDB outside of PSG include validated questionnaires, single-channel recordings, incorporation of telehealth, home sleep apnea testing (HSAT), and predictive biomarkers. Despite the promise, no individual metric has been found suitable to replace standard PSG. In addition, their use in combination to diagnose OSA diagnosis still needs to be defined.SummaryWhen combined with adjunct assessments, HSAT advancements may accurately evaluate SDB in children and thus minimize the need for overnight in-laboratory PSG. Further studies are required to confirm diagnostic validity vis-à-vis PSG as a reference standard.
Talent concentration and competitive imbalance in European soccer
Authors: Frick Bernd , Quansah Tommy Kweku , Lang Markus 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionWhile most of the available literature on competitive balance analyses its impact on ticket sales and TV audiences, less empirical research is available that examines the observable variation in competitive balance across leagues and over time. This paper studies the concentration of player talent and end-of-season league points to empirically assess whether leagues with a more equal distribution of player talent produce a more balanced competition than leagues with less equal distribution.MethodsThe longitudinal data we use to estimate our empirical model comes from professional soccer leagues in twelve Western European countries from 2005/06 thru 2020/21, yielding 5,299 club-season observations.ResultsOur empirical analysis indicates that talent concentration in a league significantly and positively impacts points concentration in that league. However, in specifications controlling for year, country, and division, this impact is only weakly significant or insignificant, suggesting that talent concentration does not significantly affect competitive balance in that league. Additionally, our findings demonstrate that the relationship between talent and points concentration does not vary considerably across the European leagues or over time.DiscussionOur results suggest that repeated participation in the UEFA Champions League, with its considerable monetary returns by (more or less) the same subset of teams, does not increase competitive imbalance in the respective national league. Thus, with relatively few additional regulatory interventions, the promotion and relegation system in the open European soccer leagues seems effective in ensuring a balanced competition.
The use of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy in 4 dogs undergoing bronchoscopy
Authors: de Jaureguizar Tesas Maria Rosa , Matson Hannah , Tappin Simon , Thomas Emily 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionHigh-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy is a method to deliver warmed, humidified air-oxygen blended at high flow rates to patients through a nasal cannula using a specialized, commercially available machine. This is a well-tolerated, safe and effective method for oxygen delivery to healthy and hypoxemic dogs. Patients undergoing bronchoscopic procedures frequently develop hypoxemia. Human trials have shown a reduction in incidents of hypoxemic events and higher pulse oximeter oxygen saturation during bronchoscopies in patients on High-Flow Nasal Oxygen.Materials and methodsThis is a single-centre, prospective case series. All dogs weighing between 5 and 15 kg and undergoing bronchoscopy during the study period (03/07/2022-01/10/2022) were eligible.ResultsTwelve patients were eligible for inclusion of which four were enrolled. No clinically significant complications related to the use of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy were recorded. Two of the patients were re-intubated post bronchoscopy due to clinician preference for recovery. One of the patients had a self-limiting period of severe hypoxemia with a pulse oximeter oxygen saturation of 84% for &lt; 1 min during bronchoalveolar lavage, and whilst undergoing High-Flow Nasal Oxygen administration. Another patient had a self-limiting episode of mild hypoxemia (SpO2of 94% lasting &lt; 1 min) 5 min after completion of bronchoalveolar lavage.ConclusionNo clinically relevant complications relating to High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy were recorded in this case series, although further studies are required to confirm this conclusion. This initial data suggests that the use of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen therapy during bronchoscopy is feasible and potentially safe, although it may not prevent hypoxemia in these patients. The use of High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy during bronchoscopy in small patients carries multiple potential benefits and further studies to compare its efficacy against other traditional oxygen delivery systems are warranted in this patient population.
Growth of phosphorus-doped ZnTe thin films by molecular beam epitaxy using InP as the dopant source
Authors: Mustofa Muhamad , Mishima Seiya , Saito Katsuhiko , Guo Qixin , Tanaka Tooru 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
P-doped ZnTe thin films were grown by MBE on ZnTe (100) substrates using InP as the P source under various InP fluxes. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analyses showed that the P concentration in ZnTe thin films increased with increasing InP flux, although In atoms were also incorporated in the films. To suppress In incorporation, the outlet of the InP cell was modified by mounting a cap and a plate with small holes. As a result, In incorporation was significantly suppressed, resulting in an In concentration three orders of magnitude lower, as confirmed by SIMS, although the P concentration also decreased by almost one order of magnitude compared with the case without a cap. An acceptor-bound exciton (Ia) peak was observed at around 2.36 eV in the P-doped ZnTe thin film grown with a cap, and the Ia intensity increased after annealing, indicating the activation of P acceptors.
A pragma-linguistic Analysis of hyperbolic Constructions in book Blurbs
Authors: Ikhlas Mahdi Hassan  
Published: March 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate hyperbole inbook blurbs. Back cover blurbs, brief texts displayed on book covers,provide information about a book to potential readers. They aremainly evaluative- persuasive texts which summarize the mainfeatures of the book and provide a mostly subjective evaluation usinglexical, pragmatic and textual devices. One of these devices ishyperbole. Hyperbole (also referred to as exaggeration oroverstatement) has been studied in rhetoric and literary contexts, butonly relatively recently in book blurbs. This paper aims to analyze andclassify hyperbolic constructions in back cover blurbs of selectedbooks in order to identify their pragmatic functions as evaluation andpersuasion.
In order to achieve the aim of the present study, thirty book blurbsof linguistics and literary books were analyzed through adopting alinguistic and pragmatic model. The findings reveal that hyperbolicconstructions are realized widely via lexical devices especiallyadjectives. Moreover, most of the hyperbolic constructions used in theselected texts fulfill certain pragmatic functions among whichevaluation and emphasis are highly frequent. Based on this, hyperboleis primarily evaluative rather than a descriptive or explanatory device.Key words: hyperbole, book blurbs, pragmatic functions
The Role of Semantics and Etymology in Promoting Insightful Learning
Authors: . Nagham H. Hussein  , Majda Sabri Faris  
Published: March 2023

The difficult meaning of many unfamiliar and new words is‘motivated’ by their original and semantic meaning. In an EFL context, thisoffers the possibility of presenting a number of difficult words in ways thatpromote insightful learning rather than blind memorization. Associating aword with its semantic change and etymology has been shown to enhancecomprehending and then remembering. This effect seems in accordancewith dual coding theory, as the etymological association is likely to call upa mental image of a concrete scene which can be stored in memoryalongside the verbal form. The present study explores the possibility oftaking this technique beyond mere mnemonics. A series of tests that are setup with the participation of students who study English in their higherstudy are reported. The results show that knowledge of the origin andsemantic changes of these new and unfamiliar words can effectively helplearners comprehend their meaning and then ease their retention. Not onlydoes the task of knowing word meaning on the basis of etymologicalinformation appear practical, it seems to facilitate recall, too. Finally, theresults suggest that knowledge of the origin of unfamiliar words can helplearners estimate whether they might have more than one meaning.
Failing to remember previously encountered words is one of thecommonly reported complaints of EFL learners. Among the variety ofcommonly used vocabulary reinforcing techniques, making students awareof etymological accounts of words is a relatively under researched area inthe literature. The present study, therefore, aims at exploring the effect ofpresenting etymological accounts of 20 unfamiliar words on short- andlong-term vocabulary retention of EFL learners. The participants (20) aremembers of two higher studies classes randomly assigned to experimentaland control groups. While both groups are asked to look up the meaning ofthe words in their dictionaries, the participants in the experimental groupreceived a short instruction on the etymologies of the words. The results of
الذرائعية واسقاطاتها الفكرية على تصميم المنتج الصناعي
Authors: أ.د.شيماء عبد الجبار  , م. جاسم احمد زيدان  
Published: March 2023

الذرائعية أو البراجماتية مذهب فلسفي نفعي يرى أن الحقيقة توجد من خلال الواقع
العملي والتجربة الإنسانية؛ وأن قضية صدق ما يكمن في مدى كونها مفيدة للناس؛ كما أنأفكار الناس هي مجرد ذرائع يستعين بها الإنسان لحفظ بقائه ثم البحث عن الكمالءوعندما تتضارب الأفكار فإن أصدقها هو الأنفع والأجدى. والعقل لم يخلق لتفسير الغيبالمجهول. لذا فإن الاعتقاد الديني لا يخضع للبينات العقلية. من هنا تبلورت مشكلة البحثالحالي وقد كان هدف البحث : الى تحديد توجيهات الذرائعية واسقاطاتها الفكرية وفعلهافي تصميم المنتج الصناعي
Os movimentos antibases nas Filipinas e Acordo de Bases Militares com os EUA
Authors: De Souza Andrea Luiza Fontes Resende 
Published: March 2023

Durante 45 anos de negociações sobre a presença e permanência das bases militares dos EUA nas Filipinas, os EUA conseguiu sobrepor suas preferências sob os interesses das Filipinas. Contudo, em setembro de 1991, algo inesperado ocorre: o senado filipino rejeita um novo tratado cujo um dos termos era a permanência das bases americanas no país. Com este resultado, as grandes bases dos Estados Unidos foram permanentemente fechadas. Sabendo que o movimento antibases nas Filipinas cresceu exponencialmente entre 1980 e 1990, este artigo se propõe a analisar pela ótica dos jogos de dois níveis de Putnam, como e se o movimento antibases teve alguma influência sobre o resultado de 1991. Maior destaque é dado ao nível II (nível doméstico) e como grupos domésticos podem interferir no nível I (internacional) onde ocorrem as negociações. Ao final de uma profunda exploração sobre o contexto em que as negociações ocorreram entre 1946 e 1991, é possível compreender dois pontos sobre as negociações de 1991: de fato a coalisão de vários movimentos sociais que aderiram à pauta “antibases” conseguiu se politizar o suficiente para penetrar na elite política e contrabalancear o jogo a favor das minorias; e que os negociadores dos EUA inesperadamente ignoraram o peso que estes movimentos poderiam ter sobre os negociadores filipinos.