bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size-selective accretion of dust on to CPDs: low CPD masses and filtration of larger grains
Authors: Karlin Samuel M , Panić Olja , van Loo Sven 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The major satellites of Jupiter and Saturn are believed to have formed in circumplanetary discs (CPDs), which orbit forming giant protoplanets. Gas and dust in CPDs have different distributions and affect each other by drag, which varies with grain size. Yet simulations of multiple dust grain sizes with separate dynamics have not been done before. We seek to assess how much dust of each grain size there is in CPDs. We run multifluid 3D hydrodynamical simulations including gas and four discrete grain sizes of dust from 1 μm to 1 mm, representing a continuous distribution. We consider a 1MJup protoplanet embedded in a protoplanetary disc around a 1 M⊙ star. Our results show a truncated MRN (Mathis-Rumpl-Nordsieck) distribution at smaller grain sizes, which starts to tail off by a = 100 μm and is near zero at 1 mm. Large dust grains, which hold most of the dust mass, have very inefficient accretion to the CPD, due to dust filtration. Therefore, CPDs’ dust masses must be small, with mass ratio ∼ a few × 10−6 to the protoplanet. These masses and the corresponding millimetre opacities are in line with CPD fluxes observed to date.
Multifrequency variability study of flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 0346-27
Authors: Kamaram Sushanth Reddy , Prince Raj , Pramanick Suman , Bose Debanjan 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We have presented a multiwavelength temporal and spectral study of the blazar PKS 0346-27 for the period 2019 January–2021 December (MJD 58484–59575) using data from Fermi-LAT (γ-rays), Swift-XRT (X-rays), and Swift-UVOT (ultraviolet and optical). We identified multiple flaring episodes by analysing the gamma-ray light curve generated from the Fermi-LAT data over a 2-yr period. The light curves of these individual gamma-ray flares with 1-d binning were then modelled using a sum-of-exponentials fit. We found the minimum variability times for the gamma-ray light curve to be 1.34 ± 0.3 d and a range of 0.1–3.2 d for the Swift wavelengths, suggesting the compactness of the source. The broad-band emission mechanism was studied by modelling the simultaneous multiwaveband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) using the one-zone leptonic emission mechanism. We found that the optical-UV and X-ray data can be explained by the synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emissions. However, the disc component of the external Compton (EC) radiation is dominant at higher energies with contributions from the EC broad-line region component and SSC. Further, we performed a power spectral density analysis with data from the gamma-ray light curve using the power spectrum response method. With the power-law model, the best-fitting slope of 2.15 ± 0.87 was found. This source could be a promising target for the upcoming Cherenkov telescope array for its harder spectrum at lower energies (tens of GeV).
HiJAKing Immunotherapy-Resistant Melanoma for a Cure
Authors: Shi Lewis Zhichang , Shen Hongxing , Ojo Oluwagbemiga A , Bonner James A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have brought great promise to patients with advanced melanoma, a tumor type that was claimed largely incurable not long ago. However, therapeutic resistance to ICBs has limited their utility in the clinic. Here, we provide a commentary on recent research endeavors concerning ICB resistance in melanoma patients.
An international survey of current management practices for polymyalgia rheumatica by general practitioners and rheumatologists
Authors: Donskov Agnete Overgaard , Mackie Sarah Louise , Hauge Ellen Margrethe , Toro-Gutiérrez Carlos Enrique , Hansen Ib Tønder , Hemmig Andrea Katharina , Van der Maas Aatke , Gheita Tamer , Nielsen Berit Dalsgaard , Douglas Karen M J , Conway Richard , Rezus Elena , Dasgupta Bhaskar , Monti Sara , Matteson Eric L , Sattui Sebastian E , Matza Mark , Ocampo Vanessa , Gromova Margarita , Grainger Rebecca , Bran Andrea , Appenzeller Simone , Goecke Annelise , Colman Nelly , Keen Helen I , Kuwana Masataka , Gupta Latika , Salim Babur , Harifi Ghita , Erraoui Mariam , Ziade Nelly , Al-Ani Nizar Abdulateef , Ajibade Adeola , Knitza Johannes , Frølund Line , Yates Max , Pimentel-Quiroz Victor R , Lyrio Andre Marun , Sandovici Maria , Van der Geest Kornelis S M , Helliwell Toby , Brouwer Elisabeth , Dejaco Christian , Keller Kresten Krarup 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To explore current management practices for PMR by general practitioners (GPs) and rheumatologists including implications for clinical trial recruitment.

Methods
An English language questionnaire was constructed by a working group of rheumatologists and GPs from six countries. The questionnaire focused on: 1: Respondent characteristics; 2: Referral practices; 3: Treatment with glucocorticoids; 4: Diagnostics; 5: Comorbidities; and 6: Barriers to research. The questionnaire was distributed to rheumatologists and GPs worldwide via members of the International PMR/Giant Cell Arteritis Study Group.

Results
In total, 394 GPs and 937 rheumatologists responded to the survey. GPs referred a median of 25% of their suspected PMR patients for diagnosis and 50% of these were returned to their GP for management. In general, 39% of rheumatologists evaluated patients with suspected PMR &gt;2 weeks after referral, and a median of 50% of patients had started prednisolone before rheumatologist evaluation. Direct comparison of initial treatment showed that the percentage prescribing &gt;25 mg prednisolone daily for patients was 30% for GPs and 12% for rheumatologists. Diagnostic imaging was rarely used. More than half (56%) of rheumatologists experienced difficulties recruiting people with PMR to clinical trials.

Conclusion
This large international survey indicates that a large proportion of people with PMR are not referred for diagnosis, and that the proportion of treatment-naive patients declined with increasing time from referral to assessment. Strategies are needed to change referral and management of people with PMR, to improve clinical practice and facilitate recruitment to clinical trials.
Role of MEF2C in the Endothelial Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Li Tao , Conroy Kelsey L , Kim Amy M , Halmai Julian , Gao Kewa , Moreno Emily , Wang Aijun , Passerini Anthony G , Nolta Jan A , Zhou Ping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) not only provide an abundant source of vascular cells for potential therapeutic applications in vascular disease but also constitute an excellent model for understanding the mechanisms that regulate the differentiation and the functionality of vascular cells. Here, we reported that myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) transcription factor, but not any other members of the MEF2 family, was robustly upregulated during the differentiation of vascular progenitors and endothelial cells (ECs) from hiPSCs. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) strongly induced MEF2C expression in endothelial lineage cells. The specific upregulation of MEF2C during the commitment of endothelial lineage was dependent on the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK). Moreover, knockdown of MEF2C with shRNA in hiPSCs did not affect the differentiation of ECs from these hiPSCs, but greatly reduced the migration and tube formation capacity of the hiPSC-derived ECs. Through a chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing, genome-wide RNA-sequencing, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunostaining analyses of the hiPSC-derived endothelial lineage cells with MEF2C inhibition or knockdown compared to control hiPSC-derived ECs, we identified TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) as novel targets of MEF2C. This study demonstrates an important role for MEF2C in regulating human EC functions and highlights MEF2C and its downstream effectors as potential targets to treat vascular malfunction-associated diseases.
Novel metabolic phenotypes for extrahepatic complication of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yi Jiayi , Wang Lili , Guo Jiajun , Ren Xiangpeng 
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims:
Phenotypic heterogeneity among patients with NAFLD is poorly understood. We aim to identify clinically important phenotypes within NAFLD patients and assess the long-term outcomes among different phenotypes.

Methods:
We analyzed the clinical data of 2311 participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and their linked mortality data through December 2019. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonographic evidence of hepatic steatosis without other liver diseases and excess alcohol use. A 2-stage cluster analysis was applied to identify clinical phenotypes. We used Cox proportional hazard models to explore all-cause and cause-specific mortality between clusters.

Results:
We identified 3 NAFLD phenotypes. Cluster 1 was characterized by young female patients with better metabolic profiles and lower prevalence of comorbidities; Cluster 2 by obese females with significant insulin resistance, diabetes, inflammation, and advanced fibrosis and Cluster 3 by male patients with hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and liver and kidney damage. In a median follow-up of 26 years, 989 (42.8%) all-cause mortality occurred. Cluster 1 patients presented the best prognosis, whereas Cluster 2 and 3 had higher risks of all-cause (Cluster 2—adjusted HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.16–1.90; Cluster 3—adjusted HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01–1.64) and cardiovascular (Cluster 2—adjusted HR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.18–3.44; Cluster 3—adjusted HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.03–2.97) mortality.

Conclusions:
Three phenotypically distinct and clinically meaningful NAFLD subgroups have been identified with different characteristics of metabolic profiles. This study reveals the substantial disease heterogeneity that exists among NAFLD patients and underscores the need for granular assessments to define phenotypes and improve clinical practice.
Postnatal CMV Infection and Antiviral Treatment in Extremely Premature Infants: A 12-Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Košiček Rok , Kristan Borut , Erčulj Vanja , Kornhauser Cerar Lilijana , Petrovec Miroslav , Pokorn Marko , Spirovska Ana , Uršič Tina , Grosek Štefan 
Published: January 2023

Background:
The impact and outcomes of postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are not entirely clear. We aimed to determine the associations between treatment outcomes of postnatal CMV infection and its antiviral treatment.

Methods:
Retrospective study in a tertiary center. Infants of < 29 weeks gestational age who were tested for postnatal CMV infection were included. CMV-infected infants were compared to uninfected infants (control group). CMV-infected infants were either treated with ganciclovir and/or valganciclovir (CMVPT group) or not (CMVPNT group). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were collected. Primary outcomes were the length of stay, death before discharge and hearing impairment, cognitive and motor development as assessed by the Denver Developmental Screening Test II, and neurologic impairment at the corrected age of 1.5–2 years.

Results:
We included 103 extremely premature infants. The Median (interquartile range [IQR]) length of stay was 94 (69–112) days in control, 85 (70–102) days in CMVPNT, and 100 (88–137) days in the CMVPT group. Mortality before discharge was 6% in control, 3.8% in CMVPNT, and 3.7% in the CMVPT group. Normal hearing at follow-up was found in 30/37 infants in control (81.1%), 13/13 infants in CMVPNT (100%), and 17/20 infants in the CMVPT group (85%). Denver Developmental Screening Test II results did not differ among the three groups. Neurologic impairment was found in 21/37 infants (56.8%) in control, 9/13 infants in CMVPNT (69.2%), and 14/20 infants in CMVPT group (70%).

Conclusions:
The associations between antiviral treatment of postnatal CMV infection and better treatment outcomes were nonsignificant.
Higher Troponin Levels on Admission are associated With Persistent Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Lesions in Children Developing Myocarditis After mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Manno Emma Concetta , Amodio Donato , Cotugno Nicola , Rossetti Chiara , Giancotta Carmela , Santilli Veronica , Zangari Paola , Rotulo Gioacchino Andrea , Villani Alberto , Giglioni Emanuele , Turchetta Attilio , Cafiero Giulia , Franceschini Alessio , Chinali Marcello , Porzio Ottavia , Secinaro Aurelio , Palma Paolo 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Acute pericarditis/myocarditis is a rare complication of the mRNA-based vaccines and although mostly self-limiting, long-term sequelae remain unclear.

Methods:
We enrolled all patients admitted to the emergency department between September 2021 and February 2022 meeting the CDC work case definition, with symptoms onset after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. Alternative virologic causes were excluded. Clinical data, laboratory values, cardiologic evaluation, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram (ECHO) were collected on admission, at discharge, and during follow-up in all patients. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) was performed only in those with signs consistent with myocarditis.

Results:
We observed 13 patients (11M and 2F), median age 15 years, affected by acute pericarditis/myocarditis after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination (11 after Comirnaty® and 2 after Spikevax®). Symptoms’onset occurred at a median of 5 days (range, 1 to 41 days) after receiving mRNA vaccine (13 Prizer 2 Moderna): 4 patients (31%) after the 1st dose, 6 (46%) after the 2nd, and 3 (23%) after 3rd dose. Increased levels of high-sensitive troponin T (hsTnT) (median 519,5 ng/mL) and N-terminal-pro hormone BNP (NT-proBNP) (median 268 pg/mL) and pathognomonic ECG and ECHO abnormalities were detected. On admission, 7 of 13 (54%) presented with myopericarditis, 3 (23%) with myocarditis, and 3 (23%) with pericarditis; CMR was performed in 5 patients upon pediatric cardiologist prescription and findings were consistent with myocarditis. At 12 weeks of follow-up, all but one patient (92%), still presenting mild pericardial effusion at ECHO, were asymptomatic with normal hsTnT and NT-proBNP levels and ECG. On CMR 6 of 9 patients showed persistent, although decreased, myocardial injury. Higher hsTnT levels on admission significantly correlated with persistent CMR lesions.

Conclusion:
Evidence of persistent CMR lesions highlights the need for a close and standardized follow-up for those patients who present high hsTnT levels on admission.
Fluctuations in Pediatric Acute Otitis Media Burden During the First Two COVID-19 Years in Israel
Authors: Zloczower Elchanan , Pitaro Jacob , Hazan Itai , Warman Meir , Ziv Oren , Yaakov Omer , Marom Tal 
Published: January 2023

Background:
To study pediatric acute otitis media (AOM) burden fluctuations before and during the first two COVID years, which were characterized by measures to reduce the spread of airborne diseases. We used urinary tract infection (UTI) as a comparison infection.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study encompassing three pre-COVID years (March 1, 2017–February 29, 2020) and the first two COVID years (March 1, 2020–February 28, 2021, and March 1, 2021-February 28, 2022). Records were retrieved from the Clalit Health Services database, Israel’s largest healthcare maintenance organization. Children 0–15 years with AOM and UTI episodes were categorized according to age (1>, 1–4, 5–15 years). We collected demographics, seasonality, AOM complications, antibiotic prescriptions, and recent COVID-19 infections. The average AOM/UTI rates of the three pre-COVID years vs. two COVID years were used to calculate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs).

Results:
We identified 1,102,826 AOM and 121,263 UTI episodes. The median age at AOM diagnosis was 2.0 years (IQR, 1.1–4.1). Male predominance, age at presentation, and the dominant age group of 1–4 years did not change during the COVID years. While UTI episode rates decreased during the COVID years (IRR 0.76, 95% CI, 0.68–0.84, P < 0.001), the reduction in AOM episode rates was >2-fold (IRR 0.46, 95% CI, 0.34–0.63, P < 0.001). The largest decrease was observed among children 1–4 years old during the first COVID year (β=−1,938 AOM episodes/100,00 children, 95% CI, −2,038 to −1,912, P < 0.001). Recent COVID-19 infection was associated with low AOM morbidity (IRR 0.05, 95% CI 0.05–0.05, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
AOM burden substantially decreased during the first COVID year but almost reached pre-pandemic levels during the second year.
Ageing and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: interrelationships
Authors: Kakkera Krishna , Atchley William T. , Kodali Maneetha , Bartter Thaddeus 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
As life expectancy increases, the ageing population accrues an increasing burden of chronic conditions and functional compromise. Some conditions that lead to compromise are deemed part of ‘natural ageing,’ whereas others are considered to represent disease processes. Ageing (’a natural process’) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (’a disease’) share many common features, both pulmonary and systemic. At times, the pathways of injury are the same, and at times they are concurrent. In some cases, age and disease are separated not by the presence but by the severity of a finding or condition. This brief review aims to compare some of the similarities between ageing and COPD and to compare/contrast mechanisms for each.

Recent findings
At the cellular level, the natural process of ageing includes multiple systemic and molecular mechanisms. COPD, though defined by progressive pulmonary compromise, can also be a systemic disease/process. It has become evident that specific senescence pathways like p-16 and the sirtuin family of proteins are implicated both in ageing and in COPD. Also common to both ageing and COPD are increased inflammatory markers, leucocyte response abnormalities, and DNA-level abnormalities.

Summary
The prevalence of COPD increases with increasing age. COPD contributes to the accrued burden of chronic disease and is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in this population. This review attempts to summarize some of similarities between ageing and COPD and their underlying mechanisms.
Effects of GLP-1 on ovarian dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Caifeng , Yan Dongling , Wang Xiaojing , Cheng Dianchen 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent endocrine disorder in women, it is the principal cause of infertility and amenorrhea. Due to its high recurrence rate, poor prognosis and serious complications, more works on the research of PCOS are needed. Therefore, we performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on ovarian dysfunction in PCOS.

Methods:
This study protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO and the registration number is CRD42020188247. The procedure of this protocol will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols guidance. A comprehensive search of several databases from 1966 to November 2022 will be conducted. The databases includes Ovid Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PubMed. The risk of bias of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane tool of risk of bias. All statistical analyses will be conducted using the software program Review Manager version 5.3.

Results:
The results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion:
This systematic review will provide evidence to judge whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist is superior to metformin in patients with PCOS.
Research trends of platelet-rich plasma therapy on knee osteoarthritis from 2011 to 2021: A review
Authors: Cui Yubo , Lin Liqiong , Wang Zhiwei , Wang Kai , Xiao Lili , Lin Wentao , Zhang Yiyuan 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely used to alleviate osteoarthritis of the knee, and research results are abundant. However, there are no bibliometric reports in publications in this field. Therefore, the current status of PRP for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee from 2011 to 2021 was analyzed using Citespace 6.1.R2 software.

Methods:
Publications regarding PRP treating Knee Osteoarthritis between 2011 and 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science database. CiteSpace was used to analyze the number of publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, cited references, and keywords by using standard bibliometric indicators.

Results:
A total of 988 publications were searched from 2011 to 2021. In the last decade, the number of publications has increased in the field. Brian J. Cole was the author with the most output, with 31 relevant articles, and Giuseppe Filardo ranked first in cited authors. Am J Sport Med was the most cited journal. In this field, the most prolific country is the United States and the most prolific institution is Rush University. An article published by Sandeep Patel ranked first in cited references with 118 citations. “Randomized controlled trial” was the most bursting keyword and other more popular keywords about PRP for knee osteoarthritis: “hyaluronic acid,” “double-blind,” and “mesenchymal stem cell.”

Conclusion:
This bibliometric study provides a decade of current clinical research on PRP for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, which can help researchers understand the hot spots in the field and provide a new direction for their research.