bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in degree of intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Bunium persicum (Apiaceae)
Authors: Mohammadianfar Ebrahim , Ghaderi‐Far Farshid , Torabi Benjamin , Siahmarguee Asieh , Behroj Mehdi , Baskin Carol , Sadeghipour Hamid Reza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBunium persicum is an important medicinal plant, but the requirements for seed dormancy break and germination are not well known. Based on available information, we hypothesized that seeds have an underdeveloped embryo and physiological dormancy (PD), and hence morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and that populations of this species may have different degrees of MPD which demand different germination requirements. In this study, we evaluated embryo growth in seeds from four B. persicum populations at different temperatures and tested germination at varying constant temperatures, with or without GA3 and cold stratification. Seeds from the four populations had a fully differentiated, small, linear but underdeveloped embryo. The initial embryo‐to‐seed length ratio was 0.14–0.17, but it increased to 0.71–0.75 before germination at 5°C. Little embryo growth occurred at 15°C and no growth occurred at 25°C. GA3 effectively increased germination percentages, replaced cold stratification, reduced the required period for cold stratification, and in combination with cold stratification increased the maximum temperature of germination. Therefore, seeds from the four populations have intermediate complex MPD. Additionally, the germination responses of seeds from the four populations to GA3, cold stratification, or both were different, suggesting variation in the degree of PD. Bunium persicum seeds developed in cool and wet conditions were more dormant than those developed under warm and dry conditions. Thus, we showed that different climates can affect the depth of PD in a species whose seeds have MPD, resulting in variation in the degree of intermediate complex MPD at the population level.
Health risks at work mean risks at home: Spatial aspects of COVID‐19 among migrant workers in precarious jobs in England
Authors: Miles Sam , Renedo Alicia , Kühlbrandt Charlotte , McGowan Catherine , Stuart Rachel , Grenfell Pippa , Marston Cicely 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring COVID‐19 lockdowns in England, ‘key workers’ including factory workers, carers and cleaners had to continue to travel to workplaces. Those in key worker jobs were often from more marginalised communities, including migrant workers in precarious employment. Recognising space as materially and socially produced, this qualitative study explores migrant workers’ experiences of navigating COVID‐19 risks at work and its impacts on their home spaces. Migrant workers in precarious employment often described workplace COVID‐19 protection measures as inadequate. They experienced work space COVID‐19 risks as extending far beyond physical work boundaries. They developed their own protection measures to try to avoid infection and to keep the virus away from family members. Their protection measures included disinfecting uniforms, restricting leisure activities and physically separating themselves from their families. Inadequate workplace COVID‐19 protection measures limited workers' ability to reduce risks. In future outbreaks, support for workers in precarious jobs should include free testing, paid sick leave and accommodation to allow for self‐isolation to help reduce risks to workers’ families. Work environments should not be viewed as discrete risk spaces when planning response measures; responses and risk reduction approaches must also take into account impacts on workers’ lives beyond the workplace.
Differential impact of hospital and community factors on breadth and depth of hospital population health partnerships
Authors: Puro Neeraj , Cronin Cory E. , Franz Berkeley , Singh Simone , Feyereisen Scott 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to identify hospital and county characteristics associated with variation in breadth and depth of hospital partnerships with a broad range of organizations to improve population health.Data SourcesThe American Hospital Association Annual Survey provided data on hospital partnerships to improve population health for the years 2017–2019.DesignThe study adopts the dimensional publicness theory and social capital framework to examine hospital and county characteristics that facilitate hospital population health partnerships. The two dependent variables were number of local community organizations that hospitals partner with (breadth) and level of engagement with the partners (depth) to improve population health.The independent variables include three dimensions of publicness: Regulative, Normative and Cultural‐cognitive measured by various hospital factors and presence of social capital present at county level. Covariates in the multivariate analysis included hospital factors such as bed‐size and system membership.MethodsWe used hierarchical linear regression models to assess various hospital and county factors associated with breadth and depth of hospital‐community partnerships, adjusting for covariates.Principal FindingsNonprofit and public hospitals provided a greater breadth (coefficient, 1.61; SE, 0.11; p < 0.001 and coefficient, 0.95; SE, 0.14; p < 0.001) and depth (coefficient, 0.26, SE, 0.04; p < 0.001 & coefficient, 0.13; SE, 0.05; p < 0.05) of partnerships than their for‐profit counterparts, partially supporting regulative dimension of publicness. At a county level, we found community social capital positively associated with breadth of partnerships (coefficient, 0.13; SE, 0.08; p < 0.001).ConclusionsAn environment that promotes collaboration between hospitals and organizations to improve population health may impact the health of the community by identifying health needs of the community, targeting social determinants of health, or by addressing patient social needs. However, findings suggest that publicness dimensions at an organizational level, which involves a culture of public value, maybe more important than county factors to achieve community building through partnerships.
COVID‐19 is more lethal in hemodialysis chronic kidney disease patients with low physical capacity
Authors: Orcy Rafael B. , Bluhm Caroline C. , Ribeiro Larissa R. , Sosa Priscila M. , Correa Bianca D. , Barcellos Franklin C. , Böhlke Maristela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe mortality rate in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) is high and is associated with low functional capacity (FC). We analyzed the association of FC and COVID‐19 lethality among HD patients.MethodsA cohort study that included evaluations of FC in patients on HD was underway, and the association between FC and lethality was included as an ad‐hoc outcome.ResultsOne hundred and twelve patients were submitted to a physical, 31 patients contracted symptomatic COVID‐19, 20 recovered and 11 died (lethality rate of 35.5%). There was a difference between survivors and non‐survivors on six‐minutes‐walking‐test (6MWT) 386.1 ± 112.8 versus 296.9 ± 103.3 meters (p = 0.04), 30 s sit‐to‐stand test (30CST) score 11.7 ± 3.1 versus 7.7 ± 4.1 (p = 0.006), and timed up and go test (TUG) 9.4 versus 13.6 s (p = 0.009). There was also an association between percentages of predicted 6MWT, 30CST, and TUG with COVID‐19 lethality.ConclusionPatients on maintenance HD with poorer physical performance presented the worst prognosis from COVID‐19 pandemic.
Anesthesiologists' skills in emergency cricothyroidotomy mandate a brush‐up training after 3 months—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nielsen Martine S. , Lundorff Simon H. , Hansen Peter Martin , Nielsen Bjørn U. , Andersen Steven A. W. , Konge Lars , Nielsen Anders B. , Brøchner Anne C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the Difficult Airway Society's 2015 “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” guideline, the emergency cricothyroidotomy is the final option when managing an unanticipated difficult airway. How often training for maintenance of this skill is required for anesthesiologists remains unknown. We aimed to assess if specialist‐trained anesthesiologists' skills improved from a brush‐up intervention and if skills were retained after 3 months.MethodsIn this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, participants were randomized to either a simulation‐based brush‐up or no brush‐up. Both groups performed a mannequin‐based technical skills emergency cricothyroidotomy test twice and were assessed by a blinded rater using a structured assessment tool that included time, positioning, palpation, appropriate employment of instruments, and stepwise progression. After 3 months of non‐training, participants completed identical tests of retention.ResultsA total of 54 anesthesiologists were included from three hospitals in the Region of Southern Denmark. Thirty‐seven percent of the participants had received skills training in emergency cricothyroidotomy in the prior 12 months. The intervention group (N = 27) performed better in the initial tests, with a mean time of 51.5 s (SD = 10.82), a total score per minute of 15.9 points (SD = 4.91), and 93% passing both initial tests compared to the control group (N = 27) with a mean time of 76.8 s (SD = 35.82), a total score per minute of 6.6 (SD = 4.68) and only 15% passing both initial tests. The intervention group managed to retain overall performance in retention tests in terms of performance time (48.9 s, p = .26), total score per minute (13.6 points, p = .094), and passing the tests (75%, p = .059).ConclusionExposure to simulation‐based brush‐up training in emergency cricothyroidotomy improved anesthesiologists' technical performance and was overall retained after 3 months. Some loss of skill concerning specific items was observed, highlighting the need for regular training in emergency cricothyroidotomy. Simulation‐based training should be prioritized to improve and maintain technical skills in infrequent high‐stakes procedures.
Compliance with CPR quality guidelines and survival after 30 days following out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. A retrospective study
Authors: Järvenpää Valtteri , Mäki Paula , Huhtala Heini , Elo Heini , Länkimäki Sami , Setälä Piritta , Hoppu Sanna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundOur study assessed the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) given by emergency medical services in Southern Ostrobothnia Finland, as is advised in the international guidelines. The goal was to evaluate the current quality of CPR given to patients who suffered an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and to examine possible measures for improving emergency medical services.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland, during a three‐year period. Confounding caused by each patient's individual medical history was addressed by calculating Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), a score describing individual's risk for death in 10 years. The Utstein analysis and the CPR metrics were acquired from the medical records hospital district in question and analysed in an orderly manner using SPSS. Descriptive statistics are presented as mean (SD) and median [IQR].ResultsWe found that of the 349 patients, 144 (41%) received ROSC, 96 (28%) survived to the hospital and 51 (15%) survived for at least 30 days. CPR metrics data were available for 181 patients. CCIs were 3.0 versus 5.0 (p = .157) for the ones who did and those who did not survive at least 30 days. Correspondingly, following metrics were as follows: Mean compression depth was 5.1 (1.3) versus 5.6 (0.8) cm (p = .088), median 28 [18;40] versus 40 [26;54]% of the compressions were in target depth (p = .015) and median compression rate was 113 [109;119] versus 112 [108;120] min−1 (p = .757). The median no‐flow fraction was 5.1 [2.8;7.1] versus 3.7 [2.5;5.5] s (p = .073). Ventricular fibrillation (OR 8.74, 95% CI 2.89–26.43, p < .001), public location (OR 3.163, 95% CI 1.03–9.69, p = .044) and compression rate of 100–110/min (OR 7.923, 95% CI 2.11–29.82, p = .002) were related to survival.ConclusionPatients who suffered out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in Southern Ostrobothnia received CPR that met the international CPR quality target values. The proportion of unintentional pauses during CPR was low and the 30‐day survival rate exceeded the international average.
Association between late‐life depression or depressive symptoms and stroke morbidity in elders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Cai Wa , Ma Wen , Mueller Christoph , Stewart Robert , Ji Jun , Shen Wei‐Dong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveWhether late‐life depression or depressive symptoms are a risk factor of future stroke in elders is important for prevention measures. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were used to investigate the association between depression or depressive symptoms and risk of stroke in elders.MethodsEmbase, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched for studies published from inception to January 6, 2023. Prospective cohort studies reporting quantitative estimates of the association between depression or depressive symptoms and stroke morbidity in participants aged over 60 years were included. Reviews, meta‐analyses, case reports, retrospective, cross‐sectional, and theoretical studies were excluded. Study screening and data extraction were conducted by two researchers independently. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to estimate pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Publication bias was evaluated via the symmetry of funnel plots and Egger tests. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The quality of evidence of synthesis was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). The primary outcome was any stroke, including non‐fatal, fatal, ischemic and hemorrhagic sub‐types.ResultsSeventeen studies of 57,761 patients in total were included in the meta‐analysis. A positive association was found between depressive disorder or symptoms and stroke risk (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.22–1.58; p < 0.001).ConclusionsLate‐life depression or depressive symptoms are a significant risk factor for stroke in older people. Regular assessment and more effective management of associated comorbidities are recommended to reduce stroke risk.
Hippocampal volume loss in individuals with a history of non‐fatal opioid overdose
Authors: Todaro Dustin R. , Li Xinyi , Pereira‐Rufino Laís S. , Manza Peter , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Das Sandhitsu , Childress Anna Rose , Kranzler Henry R. , Volkow Nora D. , Langleben Daniel D. , Shi Zhenhao , Wiers Corinde E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncidence of opioid‐related overdoses in the United States has increased dramatically over the past two decades. Despite public emphasis on overdose fatalities, most overdose cases are not fatal. Although there are case reports of amnestic syndromes and acute injury to the hippocampus following non‐fatal opioid overdose, the effects of such overdoses on brain structure are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of non‐fatal opioid overdoses by comparing hippocampal volume in opioid use disorder (OUD) patients who had experienced an opioid overdose (OD; N = 17) with those who had not (NOD; N = 32). Voxel‐based morphometry showed lower hippocampal volume in the OD group than in the NOD group, which on post hoc analysis was evident in the left but not the right hippocampus. These findings strengthen the evidence that hippocampal injury is associated with non‐fatal opioid overdose, which is hypothesized to underlie overdose‐related amnestic syndrome.
A transient positive association between direct‐acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C infection and drug‐related hospitalization among people who inject drugs: Self‐controlled case‐series analysis of national data
Authors: McDonald Scott A. , Hickman Matthew , Dillon John F. , Yeung Alan , McAuley Andrew , Fraser Andrew , Hayes Peter C. , Hutchinson Sharon J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsDirect‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment has an established positive effect on liver outcomes in people with hepatitis C infection; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding its effects on the ‘extra‐hepatic’ outcomes of drug‐related hospitalization and mortality (DRM) among people who inject drugs (PWID). We investigated associations between these outcomes and DAA treatment by comparing post‐treatment to baseline periods using a within‐subjects design to minimize selection bias concerns with cohort or case–control designs.DesignThis was a self‐controlled case‐series study.SettingScotland, 1 January 2015–30 November 2020.ParticipantsThe study population of non‐cirrhotic, DAA‐treated PWID was identified using a data set linking Scotland's hepatitis C diagnosis, HCV clinical databases, national inpatient/day‐case hospital records and the national deaths register. Three principal outcomes (drug overdose admission, non‐viral injecting related admission and drug‐related mortality) were defined using ICD codes.MeasurementsSelf‐controlled case‐series methodology was used to estimate the relative incidence (RI) of each outcome associated with time on treatment and up to six 90‐day exposure risk periods thereafter.FindingsA total of 6050 PWID were treated with DAAs in the sampling time‐frame. Compared with the baseline period, there was a significantly lowered risk of a drug overdose hospital admission in the second to fifth exposure risk periods only [relative incidence (RI) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.80–0.99; 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99; 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77–0.96; 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78–0.99, respectively]. For non‐viral injecting‐related admission, there was a reduced risk in the first, third and fourth exposure risk periods (RI = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.64–0.90; 0.75, 95% CI = 0.62–0.90; 0.79, 95% CI = 0.66–0.96, respectively). There was no evidence for reduced DRM risk in any period following treatment end.ConclusionsAmong people who inject drugs in Scotland, direct‐acting antiviral treatment appears to be associated with a small, non‐durable reduction in the risk of drug‐related hospital admission, but not drug‐related mortality. Direct‐acting antiviral therapy, despite high effectiveness against liver disease, does not appear to offer a panacea for reducing other drug‐related health harms.
Genomic signatures reveal selection in Chinese and European domesticated geese
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Li Haiying , Tang Bihui , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wu Yingping , Jiang Teng , Yao Yingying , Li Jiahui , Yao Yang , Wang Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Swan goose and Greylag goose are species of geese native to East Asia and Europe, respectively, and are widely believed to be the ancestors of Chinese and European domesticated geese. The Yili goose (YL) and European domestic geese originated from the Greylag goose, but the history of domestication is unclear. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of the YL goose and the Hortobagy goose to combine with other previously sequenced goose populations for in‐depth analysis. The population genetic variations in Stone geese, East Zhejiang White Geese, Taihu geese and Zi geese were also identified and compared. The results showed that admixture gene flow existed in the YL geese population, which was introgressed by Chinese geese, suggesting that gene flow events were frequent and widespread among domesticated geese. Further selected sweep analysis identified candidate genes and metabolic pathways that may be related to the differences in morphology. Several genes such as TGFBR3L, CMYA5, FOXD1, ARHGEF28 and SUCLG2 are associated with growth, reproduction and fertility traits. The results of this study will help to understand the genetic characteristics of domestic geese and the genes affecting important traits and provide a basis for the improved breed of domestic geese.
Microscopic colitis and risk of incident rheumatoid arthritis: A nationwide population‐based matched cohort study
Authors: Bergman David , Roelstraete Bjorn , Sun Jiangwei , Ebrahimi Fahim , Askling Johan , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackgroundMicroscopic colitis (MC) has been linked to several autoimmune conditions. Results from previous studies on the association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been inconsistent.AimTo assess the risk of future RA in MC.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide matched cohort study in Sweden of 8179 patients with biopsy‐verified MC (diagnosed in 2007–2017), 36,400 matched reference individuals and 8202 siblings without MC, with follow‐up until 2021. Information on MC was obtained from all of Sweden's regional pathology registers (n = 28) through the ESPRESSO cohort. Data on incident RA were collected from the National Patient Register. Using Cox regression, we calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 9.1 years (interquartile range = 6.7–11.7), 73 MC patients and 183 reference individuals from the general population were diagnosed with RA (99 vs. 55 events per 100,000 person‐years), equivalent to one extra case of RA in 226 patients with MC followed for 10 years. These rates corresponded to an aHR of 1.83 (95% CI = 1.39–2.41). The aHR was highest during the first year of follow‐up (2.31 [95% CI = 1.08–4.97]) and remained significantly elevated up to 5 years after MC diagnosis (aHR 2.16; 95% CI = 1.42–3.30). Compared to siblings, without MC, the aHR was 2.04 (95% CI = 1.18–3.56).ConclusionPatients with MC are at a nearly two‐fold risk of developing RA compared to the general population. Knowledge of this increased risk may expedite evaluation for RA in patients with MC presenting with joint symptoms and/or arthralgia, thus preventing delay until RA diagnosis.
Potential for a large‐scale newborn screening strategy for sickle cell disease in Mali: A comparative diagnostic performance study of two rapid diagnostic tests (SickleScan® and HemotypeSC®) on cord blood
Authors: Guindo Aldiouma , Cisse Zenab , Keita Ibrahima , Desmonde Sophie , Sarro Yeya dit Sadio , Touré Boubacari A. , Baraika Mohamed Ag , Tessougué Oumarou , Guindo Pierre , Coulibaly Moussa , Traore Oumar , Sylla Niagalé , Diassana Mahamadou , Saye Amaguiré , Picot Valentina , Lauressergues Emilie , Leroy Valériane 
Published: September 2023

SummarySickle cell disease (SCD) is a life‐threatening disease requiring reliable early diagnosis. We assessed the acceptability and diagnostic performances of two rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) to identify SCD (HbSS, HbSC, HbS/β‐thalassaemia) or SCD carrier (HbS/HbC) in a pilot SCD newborn screening (NBS) strategy in Mali. All consenting delivering women were offered SCD NBS using cord blood sampling on two RDTs (SickleScan® and HemotypeSC®) compared to the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gold standard to detect SCD states. From April 2021 to August 2021, 4333 delivering women were eligible of whom 96.1% were offered NBS: 1.6% refused, 13.8% delivered before consenting and 84.6% consented; 3648 newborns were diagnosed by HPLC; 1.64% had SCD (0.63% HbSS, 0.85% HbSC, 0.16 HbS/β‐plus‐thalassaemia); 21.79% were SCD carrier. To detect accurately SCD, SickleScan® had a sensitivity of 81.67% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71.88–91.46) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.69% (95% CI: 99.51–99.87); HemotypeSC® had a sensitivity of 78.33% (95% CI: 67.91–88.76) and a NPV of 99.64% (95% CI: 99.44–99.83). To detect SCD carrier: SickleScan® sensitivity was 96.10% (95% CI: 94.75–97.45) and NPV, 98.90% (95% CI: 98.51–99.29); HemotypeSC® sensitivity was 95.22% (95% CI: 93.74–96.70) and NPV, 98.66% (95% CI: 98.24–99.03). Routine SCD NBS was acceptable. Compared with HPLC, both RDTs had reliable diagnostic performances to exclude SCD‐free newborns and to identify SCD carriers to be further confirmed. This strategy could be implemented in large‐scale NBS programmes.