bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing indirect methods to determine black hole masses using NGC 4151
Authors: Williams James K , Gliozzi Mario , Bockwoldt Kyle A , Shuvo Onic I 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Accurately determining the black hole mass (MBH) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is crucial to constraining their properties and to studying their evolution. While direct methods yield reliable measurements of MBH in unobscured type 1 AGNs, where the dynamics of stellar or gas components can be directly observed, only indirect methods can be applied to the vast majority of heavily absorbed type 2 AGNs, which represent most of the AGN population. Since it is difficult to evaluate the accuracy and precision of these indirect methods, we utilize the nearby X-ray bright Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151, whose MBH has been tightly constrained with several independent direct methods, as a laboratory to assess the reliability of three indirect methods that have been applied to obscured AGNs. All three, the X-ray scaling method, the Fundamental Plane of BH activity, and the M–σ correlation, yield MBH values consistent with those inferred from direct methods and can therefore be considered accurate. However, only the X-ray scaling method and the M–σ correlation are precise because the substantial scatter in the Fundamental Plane of BH activity allows only for crude estimates. Of the four M–σ correlations we used, only the one from Kormendy and Ho yields a value consistent with the dynamical estimates. This study suggests that the best approach to estimating the BH mass in systems where direct dynamical methods cannot be applied is to utilize a combination of indirect methods, taking into account their different ranges of applicability.
Galaxy image deconvolution for weak gravitational lensing with unrolled plug-and-play ADMM
Authors: Li Tianao , Alexander Emma 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Removing optical and atmospheric blur from galaxy images significantly improves galaxy shape measurements for weak gravitational lensing and galaxy evolution studies. This ill-posed linear inverse problem is usually solved with deconvolution algorithms enhanced by regularisation priors or deep learning. We introduce a so-called ’physics-informed deep learning’ approach to the Point Spread Function (PSF) deconvolution problem in galaxy surveys. We apply algorithm unrolling and the Plug-and-Play technique to the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), in which a neural network learns appropriate hyperparameters and denoising priors from simulated galaxy images. We characterize the time-performance trade-off of several methods for galaxies of differing brightness levels, as well as our method’s robustness to systematic PSF errors and network ablations. We show an improvement in reduced shear ellipticity error of 38.6 per cent (SNR=20)/45.0 per cent (SNR=200) compared to classic methods and 7.4 per cent (SNR=20)/33.2 per cent (SNR = 200) compared to modern methods (https://github.com/Lukeli0425/Galaxy-Deconv).
Recommendations for the establishment and operation of a donor human milk bank
Authors: Arslanoglu Sertac , Moro Guido E , Tonetto Paola , De Nisi Giuseppe , Ambruzzi Amalia Maria , Biasini Augusto , Profeti Claudio , Gagliardi Luigi , Salvatori Guglielmo , Bertino Enrico 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn Europe, an increasing number of human milk banks (HMBs) collect donor human milk to feed preterm infants when their mother’s milk is not available or not enough. Moreover, donor milk is a bridge to breastfeeding, with positive clinical and psychological advantages for both mother and infant. Italy, with 41 HMBs actively operating in 2022, has the highest number of HMBs in Europe. The process of human milk donation is complex, so activity of HMBs must be regulated according to well-established rules. The present recommendations have been prepared as a tool to standardize the organization, management, and procedures of HMBs operating in Italy and to determine the minimal essential requirements to establish new HMBs. This article covers all the aspects of human milk donation and human milk banking, including general recommendations, donor recruitment and screening, expression, handling and storage of donor human milk, milk screening, and milk treatment (pasteurization). A pragmatic approach was taken to drafting the recommendations. Items for which there was consensus or robust published evidence on which to base recommendations were included. When there were differences that could not be resolved by reference to published research, a statement of explanation based on the expert opinion of the authors (all members of the Italian Association of Human Milk Banks) was included. Implementation of these recommendations can contribute to promotion of breastfeeding.
Functional interdependence of N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase complex subunits in Arabidopsis
Authors: Shen Lisha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Addition of N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes, is catalyzed by an evolutionarily conserved m6A methyltransferase complex. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the m6A methyltransferase complex is composed of 2 core methyltransferases, mRNA adenosine methylase (MTA) and MTB, and several accessory subunits such as FK506-BINDING PROTEIN 12 KD INTERACTING PROTEIN 37KD (FIP37), VIRILIZER (VIR), and HAKAI. It is yet largely unknown whether these accessory subunits influence the functions of MTA and MTB. Herein, I reveal that FIP37 and VIR are indispensable for stabilizing the methyltransferases MTA and MTB, thus functioning as key subunits to maintain the functionality of the m6A methyltransferase complex. Furthermore, VIR affects FIP37 and HAKAI protein accumulation, while MTA and MTB mutually influence each other. In contrast, HAKAI has little effect on protein abundance or localization of MTA, MTB, and FIP37. These findings uncover unique functional interdependence at the post-translational level among individual components in the Arabidopsis m6A methyltransferase complex, suggesting that maintenance of protein homeostasis among various subunits of the m6A methyltransferase complex is essential for maintaining the protein stoichiometry required for the proper function of the m6A methyltransferase complex in m6A deposition in plants.
Polar localization of a rice silicon transporter requires isoleucine at both C- and N-termini as well as positively charged residues
Authors: Konishi Noriyuki , Mitani-Ueno Namiki , Yamaji Naoki , Ma Jian Feng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Silicon (Si) is important for stable and high yields in rice (Oryza sativa), a typical Si hyperaccumulator. The high Si accumulation is achieved by the cooperation of 2 Si transporters, LOW SILICON 1 (OsLsi1) and OsLsi2, which are polarly localized in cells of the root exodermis and endodermis. However, the mechanism underlying their polar localization is unknown. Here, we identified amino acid residues critical for the polar localization of OsLsi1. Deletion of both N- and C-terminal regions resulted in the loss of its polar localization. Furthermore, the deletion of the C-terminus inhibited its trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. Detailed site-directed mutagenesis analysis showed that Ile18 at the N-terminal region and Ile285 at the C-terminal region were essential for the polar localization of OsLsi1. Moreover, a cluster of positively charged residues at the C-terminal region is also required for polar localization. Phosphorylation and Lys modifications of OsLsi1 are unlikely to be involved in its polar localization. Finally, we showed that the polar localization of OsLsi1 is required for the efficient uptake of Si. Our study not only identified critical residues required for the polar localization of OsLsi1, but also provided experimental evidence for the importance of transporter polarity for efficient nutrient uptake.
ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 2 regulates β-carotene and ascorbic acid accumulation in tomatoes during ripening
Authors: Chen Chong , Zhang Meng , Zhang Mingyue , Yang Minmin , Dai Shanshan , Meng Qingwei , Lv Wei , Zhuang Kunyang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3/ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKEs (EIN3/EILs) are important ethylene response factors during fruit ripening. Here, we discovered that EIL2 controls carotenoid metabolism and ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In contrast to the red fruits presented in the wild type (WT) 45 d after pollination, the fruits of CRISPR/Cas9 eil2 mutants and SlEIL2 RNA interference lines (ERIs) showed yellow or orange fruits. Correlation analysis of transcriptome and metabolome data for the ERI and WT ripe fruits revealed that SlEIL2 is involved in β-carotene and AsA accumulation. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORs (ERFs) are the typical components downstream of EIN3 in the ethylene response pathway. Through a comprehensive screening of ERF family members, we determined that SlEIL2 directly regulates the expression of 4 SlERFs. Two of these, SlERF.H30 and SlERF.G6, encode proteins that participate in the regulation of LYCOPENE-β-CYCLASE 2 (SlLCYB2), encoding an enzyme that mediates the conversion of lycopene to carotene in fruits. In addition, SlEIL2 transcriptionally repressed L-GALACTOSE 1-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE 3 (SlGPP3) and MYO-INOSITOL OXYGENASE 1 (SlMIOX1) expression, which resulted in a 1.62-fold increase of AsA via both the L-galactose and myoinositol pathways. Overall, we demonstrated that SlEIL2 functions in controlling β-carotene and AsA levels, providing a potential strategy for genetic engineering to improve the nutritional value and quality of tomato fruit.
The taste of success: how to live and thrive as black scholars in inequitable and racialized professional contexts
Authors: Busari Jamiu O 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Successful black or nonwhite healthcare scholars represent ideal role models for young, aspiring, and underrepresented healthcare professionals. Unfortunately, their successes are often celebrated by many who do not have a proper understanding of the rough journey they went through, to get to the positions they attained. Most black healthcare professionals, if asked, would share that the secret behind their success is working twice as hard as their white peers. Based on the author’s lived experience, a recent academic promotion triggered some personal reflections that resulted in a teachable case story presented in this article. Unlike most conversations that focus on the career challenges of black healthcare physicians and scholars, this discourse uses an empowering context to highlight how scholars can excel within inequitable professional contexts. The author uses this case to describe the 3Rs of resilience, which is a construct that can help black scholars thrive in inequitable and racialized professional contexts.
Self-assembled supramolecular immunomagnetic nanoparticles through π–π stacking strategy for the enrichment of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Mao Yanchao , Zhang Yujia , Yu Yue , Zhu Nanhang , Zhou Xiaoxi , Li Guohao , Yi Qiangying , Wu Yao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Owing to their high-specific binding toward targets as well as fast and convenient separation operations, immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) are widely used in the capture and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). To construct the IMBs, surface modifications are generally performed to functionalize the magnetic cores (e.g. Fe3O4 nanoparticles), and the employed surface modification strategies normally influence the structure and functions of the prepared IMBs in return. Different from the existing work, we proposed the use of supramolecular layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly strategy to construct the IMBs. In general, owing to the π–π stacking interactions, the polydopamine, graphene oxide and ‘molecular glue’ γ-oxo-1-pyrenebutyric acid were self-assembled on Fe3O4 nanoparticles sequentially, thereby accomplishing the integration of different functional components onto magnetic cores to prepare the self-assembled supramolecular immunomagnetic beads (ASIMBs). The ASIMBs showed high sensitivity, specificity and good biocompatibility to the model CTCs and low nonspecific adsorption to the negative cells (∼93% for MCF-7 cells and 17% for Jurkat cells). Meanwhile, ASIMBs possessed a remarkable potential to screen the rare MCF-7 cells out of large amounts of interfering Jurkat cells with the capture efficiency of 75–100% or out of mouse whole blood with the capture efficiency of 20–90%. The captured cells can be further recultured directly without any more treatment, which showed huge applicability of the ASIMBs for in vitro detection in clinical practices.
On the development of modular polyurethane-based bioelastomers for rapid hemostasis and wound healing
Authors: Guo Wanxin , Zhao Binan , Shafiq Muhammad , Yu Xiao , Shen Yihong , Cui Jie , Chen Yujie , Cai Pengfei , Yuan Zhengchao , EL-Newehy Mohamed , EL-Hamshary Hany , Morsi Yosry , Sun Binbin , Pan Jianfeng , Mo Xiumei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMassive hemorrhage may be detrimental to the patients, which necessitates the advent of new materials with high hemostatic efficiency and good biocompatibility. The objective of this research was to screen for the effect of the different types of bio-elastomers as hemostatic dressings. 3D loose nanofiber sponges were prepared; PU-TA/Gel showed promising potential. Polyurethane (PU) was synthesized and electrospun to afford porous sponges, which were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA). FTIR and 1H-NMR evidenced the successful synthesis of PU. The prepared PU-TA/Gel sponge had the highest porosity and water absorption ratio. Besides, PU-TA/Gel sponges exhibited cytocompatibility, negligible hemolysis and the shortest clotting time. PU-TA/Gel sponge rapidly induced stable blood clots with shorter hemostasis time and less bleeding volume in a liver injury model in rats. Intriguingly, PU-TA/Gel sponges also induced good skin regeneration in a full-thickness excisional defect model as revealed by the histological analysis. These results showed that the PU-TA/Gel-based sponges may offer an alternative platform for hemostasis and wound healing.
The role of objecthood and animacy in apparent movement processing
Authors: Cracco Emiel , Linthout Tilia , Orgs Guido 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough the ability to detect the actions of other living beings is key for adaptive social behavior, it is still unclear if biological motion perception is specific to human stimuli. Biological motion perception involves both bottom-up processing of movement kinematics (‘motion pathway’) and top-down reconstruction of movement from changes in the body posture (‘form pathway’). Previous research using point-light displays has shown that processing in the motion pathway depends on the presence of a well-defined, configural shape (objecthood) but not necessarily on whether that shape depicts a living being (animacy). Here, we focused on the form pathway. Specifically, we combined electroencephalography (EEG) frequency tagging with apparent motion to study how objecthood and animacy influence posture processing and the integration of postures into movements. By measuring brain responses to repeating sequences of well-defined or pixelated images (objecthood), depicting human or corkscrew agents (animacy), performing either fluent or non-fluent movements (movement fluency), we found that movement processing was sensitive to objecthood but not animacy. In contrast, posture processing was sensitive to both. Together, these results indicate that reconstructing biological movements from apparent motion sequences requires a well-defined but not necessarily an animate shape. Instead, stimulus animacy appears to be relevant only for posture processing.
Incorporating Combinatorial Approaches to Encourage Targeted Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Integration Following Transplantation in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Pieczonka Katarzyna , Fehlings Michael G 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) severely diminishes quality of life and presents patients with a substantial financial burden. The lack of a curative treatment has guided efforts toward identifying potential regenerative treatments. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) transplantation represents a promising strategy for the regeneration of the injured spinal cord due to the ability of these cells to replace neural cells lost post-injury. However, the transplant-derived oligodendrocytes and neurons need to be able to associate and integrate within the appropriate endogenous circuits to guarantee optimal functional recovery. To date, the integration of these transplant-derived cells has lacked specificity and remains a challenge. As such, it appears that the transplanted cells will require additional guidance cues to instruct the cells where to integrate. In the present review, we propose a variety of combinatorial techniques that can be used in conjunction with NSPC transplantation to direct the cells toward particular circuits of interest. We begin by introducing distinct molecular signatures that assist in the formation of specific circuits during development, and highlight how favorable molecular cues can be incorporated within the cells and their environment to guide the grafted cells. We also introduce alternative methods including task-specific rehabilitation, galvanotaxis, and magnet-based tools, which can be applied to direct the integration of the grafted cells toward the stimulated circuits. Future research examining these combinatorial efforts may serve to improve outcomes following SCI.
Hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine may not improve the outcome of patients with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Zhuangli , Zhang Xiaoli , Wu Yongliang , Xie Chao , Liu Chengjiang , He Xiuyu , Wu Zehua , Hua Guofang , Li Yuedong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine (HVT) in patients with sepsis or septic shock.

Methods
A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from their inception to April 2021. Search terms included hydrocortisone, thiamine, vitamin C, sepsis, and septic shock. Only randomized controlled trials on HVT in treating sepsis and septic shock were analyzed. Risk ratio (RR) was generated using Review Manager 5.3 to evaluate binary variants, whereas mean ± standard deviation (MD) was generated to assess continuous variants.

Results
A total of 7 randomized controlled trials, with 1233 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in long-term mortality (35.3% vs 33.2%; RR: 1.07; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.90–1.27; P = 0.45; I
2 = 0%), intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (17.4% vs 17.5%; RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.75–1.30; P = 0.95; I
2 = 0%), in-hospital mortality (27.4% vs 25.8%; RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.84–1.34; P = 0.63; I
2 = 0%), and acute kidney injury morbidity (RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.91–1.18; P = 0.60; I
2 = 0%) between HVT and control groups. For continuous variables, there was no significant effect of HVT therapy on delta Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (△SOFA) score (MD: −0.44; 95% CI: −1.00 to 0.12; P = 0.12; I
2 = 49%), length of ICU stay (MD: 0.43; 95% CI: −0.27 to 1.14; P = 0.23; I
2 = 0%), and length of hospital stay (MD: 0.80; 95% CI: −0.38 to 1.97; P = 0.18; I
2 = 0%). Only vasopressor duration was significantly reduced in the HVT group (MD: −17.75; 95% CI: −25.56 to −9.94; P < 0.00001; I
2 = 38%). Vasopressor duration refers to the time to shock reversal. Alternatively, it is the amount of time (in hours) required for patients to withdraw all vasoactive medication support. Neither HVT nor control △SOFA reached statistical significance.

Conclusion
Hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine use was not associated with improved mortality, lower acute kidney injury incidence, lower △SOFA, and shorter ICU and in-hospital stays among patients with sepsis and septic shock. However, the use of vasopressors decreased significantly. Further direct head-to-head studies are needed.
Effect of packed red blood cell transfusion on the prognosis of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective analysis of eICU-CRD v2.0 multicenter critically ill patients database
Authors: Lv Zhifa , Zhang Yun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe effects of packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion on the prognosis of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), particularly on the 30-day mortality rate, are unclear. This study aimed to determine the prognostic influence of PRBC transfusion in patients with UGIB with different hemoglobin (Hb) levels.MethodsThe subjects in this study were selected from the Philips Electronic ICU Collaborative Research Database Version 2.0 multicenter critically ill patient database from January 2014 to December 2015. A total of 4689 patients were included in this study. The Hb levels were divided into 3 groups: Hb <6 g/dL (Group 1), 6 g/dL ≤ Hb < 8 g/dL (Group 2), and Hb ≥8 g/dL (Group 3). Based on the administration of PRBC transfusion, each group was subdivided into PRBC and non-PRBC groups.ResultsA total of 4689 patients were enrolled in the study, including 825, 2195, and 1669 patients in Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Furthermore, the PRBC and non-PRBC groups consisted of 1847 and 2842 patients, respectively. There was no significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate between Group 1 and Group 2 or between the PRBC and non-PRBC subgroups. In Group 3, the 30-day mortality rate of patients who received transfusion was higher than that of patients who did not (13.29% vs 9.14%,P= 0.029). For the PRBC group, the difference in 30-day mortality rate was not statistically significant among the 3 groups, whereas for the non-PRBC group, the 30-day mortality rate in Group 3 was the lowest, and there was a significant difference among the 3 groups (P= 0.003). There was no significant difference in the subgroup analysis of bleeding at different sites and etiologies.ConclusionPacked red blood cell transfusion does not improve prognosis or reduce mortality in patients with UGIB but may increase mortality in patients with Hb levels greater than 8 g/dL.