bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Severe Plastic Deformation Involving Ecap of Aluminum 2024 Alloy Beryl Composites on the Mechanical Properties
Authors: G SAGAR K , P Sampthakumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The adoption of Aluminum Metal Matrix composites has gained popularity and widespread application in view of their light weight and superior mechanical strength compared to the un-reinforced alloy system. Much improved characteristics have been derived based on the adoption of secondary processes such as rolling, forming, drawing and plastic deformation. In this context, the preparation of Al2024 alloy, containing Beryl particles as reinforcement is envisaged for getting better properties in terms of strength and hardness for structural use in aerospace industry. Further enhancement in properties to strengthen the alloy may be possible by subjecting it to severe plastic deformation, especially Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) process. The present work focuses on developing Al 2024 alloy composites containing Beryl particles at 6 wt.%, through stir cast method. This is followed by ECAP process carried out in the annealed condition. This facility has been designed and developed in house. Following this, the mechanical properties, involving tensile strength, % elongation & hardness have been evaluated for the ECAP processed Al2024 Beryl samples and the values thus obtained are compared with those derived on samples without Beryl additions. The microstructures of the samples, for key stages of the work, have been recorded. Further, the fracture morphology of ECAP processed samples have been examined and analyzed using SEM/EDAX and correlated with the tensile strength data. The ECAP with pass II processed samples have shown higher tensile strength and hardness as well as good grain refinement in the matrix compared to annealed Al alloy sample.
Genetic causal relationship between COVID-19 and valvular heart diseaseidentified by a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Rao Jin , Yu Yue , Wang Zhinong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Many COVID-19-infected patients have been observed to develop unexplained valvular heart disease (VHD), and the association between COVID-19 and VHD remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to infer causality between COVID-19 and VHD from a genetic perspective using COVID-19 genetic tools.Methods This study used genetic variables and summary statistics from COVID-19 and VHD genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected based on the assumption of instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main analysis method to summarize the causal effects between exposure and outcome, while the weighted median and weighted mode methods were used as secondary methods. MR-Egger was used to test for horizontal pleiotropy, and the Q-test was used to test for heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using leave-one-out method. Scatterplots, forest plots, and funnel plots were used to visualize the results of MR analysis.Results In this study, seven COVID-19-related SNPs were selected as IVs, and the IVW [odds ratio (OR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04 − 1.28, P = 0.008], weighted median (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.06 − 1.39, P = 0.006), and weighted mode (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.05 − 1.54, P = 0.047) analysis methods suggested a causal effect of COVID-19 on CHD. MR-Egger indicated no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (P = 0.589), and the Q-test suggested no heterogeneity (IVW, P = 0.349). Sensitivity analysis indicated robustness of the MR analysis results.Conclusions MR analysis revealed a causal effect of COVID-19 infection on the occurrence of VHD, indicating that patients with COVID-19 had a higher risk of VHD.
VESCA’s variable precision: Determining the accuracy of adjustment for examiner differences in distributed OSCEs
Authors: Yeates Peter , McCray Gareth 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Ensuring examiner equivalence across assessment locations is a priority within distributed Objective Structured Clinical Exams (OSCEs) but is challenging due to lack of overlap in performances judged by different groups of examiners. Yeates et al have develop a methodology (Video-based Examiner Score Comparison and Adjustment (VESCA)) to compare and (potentially) adjust for the influence of different groups of examiners within OSCEs. Whilst initial research has been promising, the accuracy of the adjusted scores produced by VESCA is unknown. As this is critical to VESCA’s utility, we aimed to investigate the accuracy of adjusted scores produced by VESCA under a range of plausible operational parameters.
Methods: using statistical simulation, we investigated how: 1/proportion of participating examiners, 2/ number of linking videos, 3/baseline differences in examiner stringency between schools, 4/number of OSCE stations and 5/different degrees of random error within examiners’ judgements influenced accuracy of adjusted scores. We generated distributions of students’ “true” performances across several stations, added examiner error, and simulated linking through crossed video-scoring, before using Many Facet Rasch Modelling to produce adjusted scores, replicating 1000 times for each permutation, to determine average error reduction and the proportion of students whose scores became more accurate.
Results: Under all conditions where no baseline difference existed between groups of examiners (i.e. random rather than systematic variance), score adjustment minimally improved or worsened score accuracy. Conversely, as modelled (systematic) baseline differences between schools increased, adjustment accuracy increased, reducing error by up to 71% and making scores more accurate for up to 93% of students in the 20% baseline-difference condition.
Conclusions: score adjustment through VESCA will substantially enhance equivalence for candidates in distributed OSCEs when 10–20% baseline differences exist between examiners in different schools. As such differences are plausible in practice, consideration should be given to use of VESCA in large scale/national exams.
Dexmedetomidine for Reduction of Mortality in Septic Shock: a Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (DecatSepsis)
Authors: Al-regal Ahmed Ragab Ezz , Ramzy Eyad Ahmed , Atia Amer Abd Allah , Emara Moataz Maher 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
Sepsis is a global problem, which has a high mortality in cases of shock. Sepsis and its complications have been linked to acute stress response. Therefore, we hypothesized that decatecholaminization (i.e., reducing adrenergic stress) with dexmedetomidine would reduce mortality and improve the outcomes of septic shock.
Methods and Analysis:
This is a protocol for an open-label randomized controlled trial that aims to study the impact of heart rate (HR)-calibrated dexmedetomidine infusion on inhospital mortality, which is the study primary outcome, in cases of septic shock. We will use a dose range of 0.2–0.7 mcg/kg/h for 48 hours to keep the HR between 60 and 90 beats per minute (bpm). In ventilated patients, we will use the least conventional sedation that will enable the patients in both groups to tolerate the tube and ventilation. We plan to include 90 patients with sepsis and HR of > 90 bpm while on norepinephrine infusion. The main secondary outcomes are the mean dose of norepinephrine and the mean hemodynamic parameters over the first three days of inclusion or death. We will perform per-protocol and intension-to-treat analyses. The primary outcome will be analyzed using the Chi-square test, and we will report the risk ratio and 95% confidence interval. Thereafter, we will adjust for the confounders (i.e., age, sex, mechanical ventilation, and comorbidities) in a logistic regression. The level of statistical significance will be a p-value ≤ 0.05.
Ethics and dissemination:
We obtained the institutional review board approval (MS:22.02.1889) on March 19, 2022 at the Mansoura University, Faculty of Medicine. Written informed consent will be obtained from all patients or their relatives. We will publish the study results in a preprint registry and in conferences, with attempt to publish the report in a peer-reviewed journal.
Trial registration:
Clinical trial registration (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05283083) on March 16, 2022
Perfil sociodemográfico de mulheres em cesáreas do município do Rio de Janeiro (2007 a 2018)
Authors: Lima Paola de Andrade , Mota Cristina Portela da , Silva Jorge Luiz Lima da , Mouta Ricardo José de Oliveira , Sousa Antonia Aline Rocha de , Messias Cláudia Maria 
Published: May 2023

Nos últimos anos, tem sido observado um aumento progressivo das taxas de partos do tipo cesáreas em quase todos os países, embora não de forma homogênea. O Brasil é apontado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como um dos líderes em cesáreas no mundo, e alerta que o aumento se transformou em uma epidemia. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o perfil sociodemográfico de mulheres submetidas ao parto cesárea, no município do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), no período de 2007 a 2018. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal de abordagem quantitativa realizada a partir de dados obtidos nas Declarações de Nascidos Vivos (DNVs) do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Os dados foram retirados do sistema do Ministério da Saúde (Estado do Rio de Janeiro), Datasus/Tabnet e do sistema da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Ao analisar os dados referentes ao período de 2007 a 2018, foi possível observar que os números de partos desse tipo aumentaram gradativamente na cidade entre os anos de 2007 e 2012, chegando a atingir o índice de 57,42%. No município, a maioria dos procedimentos foi realizada em mulheres adultas, com idade entre 25 e 39 anos, brancas, com maior instrução e solteiras.
Palavras-chave: Partos Cesáreos; Mulher; Enfermagem.
Cárie na primeira infância e o impacto na qualidade de vida
Authors: Castilho Cristiane de Oliveira Santos , Barbosa Carla Cristina Neves , Mello Carla Minozzo , Barbosa Oswaldo Luíz Cecilio 
Published: May 2023

A cárie precoce na primeira infância (CPI) é uma doença infecciosa, complexa, transmissível, multifatorial que pode acometer principalmente a dentição decídua. Sua fisiopatologia resulta do desequilíbrio de vários fatores: das propriedades minerais do dente, do fluido do biofilme, envolve a ação da bactéria Streptococcus mutans, como também uma alimentação rica em carboidratos, superfície dentária suceptível, associada a má higiene bucal. Constitui um grande problema de saúde pública nos países subdesenvolvidos e até mesmo nos desenvolvidos. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em uma revisão de literatura para compreender a CPI, bem como seus efeitos, tratamento, prevenção e o impacto na qualidade de vida. Pesquisou-se artigos científicos nas bases de dados PubMed e BVS utilizando os termos: “Cárie de Mamadeira”; “Cárie de Primeira Infância”; “Cárie precoce na infância”; “Cárie de acometimento precoce”, “Tratamento da cárie precoce”; “Acometimento da cárie precoce”; “Qualidade de Vida”; “Odontopediatria”; “Sáude Bucal”; “Cárie Dental”, “Cárie precoce na primeira infância”. As consequências da CPI são: algia, subnutrição, alterações na ordem cronólogica de erupção dos dentes, alterações na fonação e na mastigação, mudança no comportamento escolar e social e alterações do ciclo sono e vigilía. Sendo assim realizar intervenção nessa população é importante e para isto a abordagem de medidas educacionais, palestras sobre a patologia, como também escovações supervisionadas nas escolas juntamente com o atendimento odontológico no primeiro ano de vida da criança possibilitam orientar os familiares e responsáveis sobre os malefícios que a doença ocasiona, mostrando a importância da higienização bucal e a manutenção da qualidade de vida.
Palavras-Chave: Cárie Dental; Odontopediatria; Saúde Bucal.
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Simantiris Spyridon , Papastamos Charalampos , Antonopoulos Alexios S. , Theofilis Panagiotis , Sagris Marios , Bounta Martha , Konisti Georgia , Galiatsatos Nikolaos , Xanthaki Anna , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Tousoulis Dimitris 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Oxidative stress plays a central role in atherogenesis, implicated in endothelial dysfunc-tion, coronary plaque formation, and destabilization. Therefore, identifying oxidative stress in the vascular wall by reliable biomarkers could aid in early diagnosis and better coronary artery disease (CAD) prognostication. Because of the short half-life of reactive oxygen species, the current ap-proach is to measure stable products generated by the oxidation of macromolecules in plasma or urine. Most popular oxidative stress biomarkers are oxidized low-density lipoprotein, myeloperoxi-dase and lipid peroxidation biomarkers, such as malondialdehyde and F2-isoprostanes. Oxidative protein modification biomarkers and oxidized phospholipids have also been studied and discussed in the present review. Most of these biomarkers are associated with the presence and extent of CAD, are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndromes, and may predict outcomes independ-ent of traditional CAD risk factors. However, further standardization of measurement methods and assessment in large randomized clinical trials are required to integrate these biomarkers into clinical practice. In addition, evidence that these biomarkers detect oxidative stress in the vascular wall lacks and more specific biomarkers should be developed to identify vascular oxidative stress. Con-sequently, several oxidative stress biomarkers have been developed, most of which can be associat-ed with the presence and extent of CAD and event prognosis. However, they still have significant limitations that hinder their integration into clinical practice.
Nutritional Fuelling for Microgravity Environment of Space Missions
Authors: Chopra Sneha , Singh Som Nath , Mathur Pulkit 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Since the beginning of space missions, the food systems have undergone a sea change
with prolonged manned missions and permanent space habitats. We have a better understanding
of physiological changes which happen in humans in space and help in adaptation to the space
environment. Yet, much remains underexplored and warrants further research.

:
Space missions today involve a considerable number of individuals operating in a microgravity
environment for both short and long periods. The provision of food for such missions and managing
the physio-pathological changes that affect nutritional requirements continue to be challenging.
Food systems (food and beverages) used during every program to date have been shelf‐stable
and were composed primarily of rehydratable or thermostabilized food items. Such foods usually
have a lower hedonic value than fresh or frozen foods. Consequently, a reliable food system must
provide a wide range of palatable and attractive foods as well as the tools to prepare them
(through rehydration, heating, and cooling) to enhance the taste sensation of the crew. Adequate
nutrition with easily accessible food is essential to this effort. To deliver nutritional recommendations
to crew members for long-duration space missions, it is important to understand how nutritional
status and general physiology are linked and affected by microgravity exposure. In view of
this, it has been pointed out that nutritional countermeasures could rectify the physiological and
behavioural anomalies during microgravity exposure. In this comprehensive narrative review, we
have provided an overview of a few recent advances such as silkworm protein, good mood-vegan
diet, 3-D food printing, and space garden’s produce for onboard support to food systems. It has
also been found that exercise could be an addition to nutritional interventions. Areas of space exploration
that require more in-depth research using ground-based bed rest models, as well as inflight
microgravity conditions, are highlighted.
Surface Modification of Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles for the Sustained in
vitro Release and the Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Chelidonine
Authors: Hamidia Zahra , Shahanipour Kahin , Talebian Nasrin , Monajemi Ramesh 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Chelidonine is a potent anticancer against several cell lines. However, low bioavailability and
water solubility restrict the clinical applications of this compound.

Objective:
The aim of this research was to develop a novel formulation of chelidonine encapsulated in the nanoparticles
of poly(d l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) employing vitamin E D-α-tocopherol acid polyethylene glycol 1000
succinate (E TPGS) as a modifier to increase bioavailability

Methods:
Chelidonine-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles were fabricated using a single emulsion method and modified
by various concentrations of E TPGS. Nanoparticles were recognized in terms of morphology, surface charge,
drug release, size, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency to obtain the optimized formulation. The cytotoxicity of
different nanoformulations in HT-29 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. The cells were stained with propidium
iodide and annexin V solution to evaluate apoptosis using flow cytometry.

Results:
Spherical nanoparticles prepared with 2% (w/v) of E TPGS had the optimum formulation in the nanometer
size range (153 ± 12.3 nm), with a surface charge of -14.06 ± 2.21 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 95.58 ± 3.47%,
drug loading of 33.13 ± 0.19%, and drug release profile of 73.54 ± 2.33. In comparison with non-modified nanoparticles
and free chelidonine, E TPGS-modified nanoformulations improved anti-cancer capability even after three-months
storage.

Conclusion:
Our results showed that E TPGS is an effective biomaterial for surface modification of nanoparticles,
which can serve as a potential treatment for cancer.
Chinese Medicine Supplementing Qi and Activating Blood Circulation
Relieves the Progression of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tong Ruxi , Wu Tianmin , Chen Jinshui 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of diabetic death as the final occurrence of heart failure and arrhythmia. Traditional Chinese medicine is usually used to treat various diseases including diabetes.

Objective:
This study sought to investigate the effects of Traditional Chinese medicine supplement-ing Qi and activating blood circulation (SAC) in DCM.

Methods:
After the construction of the DCM model by streptozotocin (STZ) injection and high glucose/fat diet feeding, rats were administered intragastrically with SAC. Then, cardiac systolic/di-astolic function was evaluated by detecting left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximal rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+LVdp/dtmax), and fall (-LVdp/dtmax), heart rate (HR), left ven-tricular ejection fraction (EF), LV fractional shortening (FS) and left ventricular end-diastolic pres-sure (LVEDP). Masson’s and TUNEL staining were used to assess fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Results:
DCM rats exhibited impaired cardiac systolic/diastolic function manifested by decreasing LVSP, + LVdp/dtmax, -LVdp/dtmax, HR, EF and FS, and increasing LVEDP. Intriguingly, tradi-tional Chinese medicine SAC alleviated the above-mentioned symptoms, indicating a potential role in improving cardiac function. Masson’s staining substantiated that SAC antagonized the increased collagen deposition and interstitial fibrosis area and the elevations in protein expression of fibrosis-related collagen I and fibronectin in heart tissues of DCM rats. Furthermore, TUNEL staining con-firmed that traditional Chinese medicine SAC also attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in DCM rats. Mechanically, DCM rats showed the aberrant activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling, which was inhibited after SAC.

Conclusion:
SAC may exert cardiac protective efficacy in DCM rats via the TGF-β/Smad signaling, indicating a new promising therapeutic approach for DCM.
Новеллы российского законодательства в сфере строительства, экономики и управления недвижимостью в первом квартале 2022 года
Authors: Ткаченко Владимир Борисович , Гришин Валентин Николаевич 
Published: May 2023

В представленном аналитико-правовом анализе отражены изменения российского законодательства в сфере строительства, экономики, управления недвижимостью, управления жилищно-коммунальным комплексом.
В обзоре отражено нормативное правовое регулирование общественных отношений по вопросам деятельности отношений, связанных с возведением индивидуальных жилых домов в границах малоэтажных жилищных комплексов (МЖК) по договорам участия в долевом строительстве, вопросы требований к документации застройщика МЖК, условий заключения договоров участия в долевом строительстве, получения проектного финансирования, определения статуса имущества МЖК, вопросы независимой оценки квалификации специалистов в сфере строительства, их деятельности, а также требований, предъявляемых к указанным специалистам, вопросы создания публично-правовой компании «Роскадастр», осуществляющей геодезическую и картографическую деятельность, выполняющую кадастровые, землеустроительные работы, и т.п., отношения о возмещении убытков при ограничении прав собственников, владельцев и арендаторов земельных участков, определения порядка возмещения убытков, причиненных органами власти или органами местного самоуправления, отношения, связанные с разрешенным видом использования земельного участка, основного или условно разрешенного вида использования, и иные изменения в действующее российское законодательство.
Реновация жилой застройки в регионах: организационно-финансовые механизмы и ограничения
Authors: Овсянникова Татьяна Юрьевна 
Published: May 2023

В статье рассматриваются проблемы комплексной реновации жилой застройки в регионах Российской Федерации, которые, несмотря на реализацию национального проекта и государственных программ, не теряют своей актуальности. В силу неоднородности социально-экономического пространства России, прежде всего, сложившихся территориальных диспропорций в распределении жилищных инвестиций, различий в структуре существующего жилищного фонда возможности регионов в решении проблемы реновации жилой застройки разные. На основе данных Фонда содействия реформированию ЖКХ (ныне — Фонд развития территорий) выполнен анализ результатов выполнения региональных программ переселения граждан из аварийного жилья на примере регионов Сибирского федерального округа. Выявлены основные факторы, выступающие организационно-финансовыми ограничениями в реализации программ ликвидации аварийного жилья. Показано, что существующие организационно-финансовые механизмы, основанные на региональных программах капитального ремонта общего имущества многоквартирных домов и федеральном проекте ликвидации непригодного для проживания жилья, не обеспечивают комплексной реновации жилищного фонда и развития застроенных территорий. Реализация проектов выборочного капитального ремонта и точечного сноса аварийных зданий не решает проблемы качественного улучшения жилой застройки, поскольку даже расселенные аварийные дома остаются в структуре жилой застройки из-за низкого градостроительного потенциала освобождаемых земельных участков. Показано, что новый механизм комплексного развития территорий, несмотря на созданную нормативно-правовую базу и институциональное обеспечение, в настоящее время не получил должного развития, поскольку также существует ряд организационно-финансовых ограничений. Основными ограничениями являются неразработанность региональной нормативно-правовой базы, отсутствие региональных институтов и низкая маржинальность проектов реновации существующей жилой застройки, что делает такие проекты инвестиционно непривлекательными для потенциальных инвесторов. Это свидетельствует о необходимости развития региональных механизмов комплексной реновации городской застройки и интеграции финансовых ресурсов всех стейкхолдеров проектов реновации.