bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective testing for mpox virus in routine STI screens from men who have sex with men in England, August–October 2022
Authors: Pitt-Kendall Rachel , Foster Clare , Rayment Michael , Orzechowska Beata , Mammadov Rufat , Soni Suneeta , Mortlock Simon , Owen Jodie , Uglow Luke , Day Michaela Joanne , Rai Gurung Rupa , Savary-Trathen Amber , Jenkins Rhian , McGuire Emma , Gordon Natalie , Day Sara Louise , Kelly Adrian M , Goward Charlotte , Folkard Kate , Charles Hannah , Mohammed Hamish , Brown Colin S , Fifer Helen 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesA global outbreak of mpox (monkeypox) has been ongoing since 2022, with most cases in the UK detected in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic mpox infection has been reported outside of the UK. We aimed to investigate whether mpox could be detected in specimens from GBMSM in England who were attending sexual health services (SHSs) for asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection screening.MethodsAnonymised, residual clinical specimens from GBMSM undertaking routine asymptomatic screening for gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG)) and chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis(CT)) infection were tested for the presence of mpox virus. Specimens were collected between 1 August and 7 October 2022 from three SHSs in high-mpox incidence areas in England. Testing was performed using a dual-clade, mpox virus-specific real-time PCR.ResultsDuring the collection period, 2927 clinical specimens (951 pharyngeal swabs, 1022 urine specimens and 954 rectal swabs) were obtained from 1159 GBMSM. Mpox virus was detected in four specimens from two participants who attended the same SHS at different times (the first during the week 8–12 of August, the second during the week 19–23 of September). One participant was positive in the urine specimen only, while the other tested positive at all three sites.ConclusionsA very low prevalence (2 of 1159, 0.17%) of mpox infection was detected in GBMSM attending SHS in England for asymptomatic NG/CT screening, suggesting that undetected infection in this population was unlikely to be a main driver of transmission. Confirmed mpox cases in the UK declined from over 1100 per month in June and July to 764 cumulatively during the collection period. These data give reassurance that the observed reduction in cases during the collection period was not due to undetected infection or changes in presentation among SHS attendees. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support routine testing of asymptomatic GBMSM for mpox infection in England.
Legalisation of euthanasia and assisted suicide: advanced cancer patient opinions – cross-sectional multicentre study
Authors: Salas Sebastien , Economos Guillaume , Hugues Damien , Gilbert Elise , Gracia Dominique , Poulain Philippe , Mateus Christine , Collet Elsa , Planchet-Barraud Brigitte , Colpaert Andre , Perceau-Chambard Élise , Calvel Laurent Yves , Franck Cecile , Mallet Donatien , Baumstarck Karine , Evin Adrien 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe French government voted a new law in February 2016 called the Claeys-Leonetti Law, which established the right to deep and continuous sedation, confirmed the ban on euthanasia and ruled out physician-assisted suicide. The aim of this work was to gather the opinion of patients on continuous sedation and the legalisation of medical assistance in dying and to explore determinants associated with favourable and unfavourable opinions.MethodsThis was a French national prospective multicentre study between 2016 and 2020.Results331 patients with incurable cancer suffering from locally advanced or metastatic cancer in 14 palliative care units were interviewed. 48.6% of participants expressed a favourable opinion about physician-assisted suicide and 27.2% an unfavourable opinion about its legalisation. Regarding euthanasia, 52% of patients were in favour of its legalisation. In univariate analysis, the only factor determining opinion was belief in God.ConclusionsWhile most healthy French people are in favour of legalising euthanasia, only half of palliative care patients expressed this opinion. Medical palliative care specialists were largely opposed to euthanasia. The only determining factor identified was a cultural factor that was independent of the other studied variables. This common factor was found in other studies conducted on cohorts from other countries. This study contributes to the knowledge and thinking about the impact of patients’ personal beliefs and values regarding their opinions about euthanasia and assisted suicide.Trial registration numberNCT03664856.
Horizon thermodynamics and cosmological equations: a holographic-like connection between thermostatistical quantities on a cosmological horizon and in the bulk
Authors: Komatsu Nobuyoshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHorizon thermodynamics is expected to be related to the effective energy based on the energy density calculated from the Friedmann equation for a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe. In the present study, the effective energy and thermostatistical quantities on a cosmological horizon are examined to clarify the holographic-like connection between them, with a focus on a de Sitter universe. To this end, the Helmholtz free energy on the horizon is derived from horizon thermodynamics. The free energy is found to be equivalent to the effective energy calculated from the Friedmann equation. This consistency is interpreted as a kind of holographic-like connection. To examine this connection, Padmanabhan’s holographic equipartition law, which is related to the origin of spacetime dynamics, is applied to a de Sitter universe. It is found that the law should lead to a holographic-like connection. The holographic-like connection is considered to be a bridge between thermostatistical quantities on the horizon and in the bulk. For example, cosmological equations for a flat FRW universe can be derived from horizon thermodynamics by accepting the connection as a viable scenario. In addition, a thermal entropy equivalent to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is obtained from the Friedmann equation using the concept of a canonical ensemble in statistical physics. The present study should provide new insight into the discussion of horizon thermodynamics and cosmological equations.
Multiobjective Evolutionary Component Effect on Algorithm Behaviour
Authors: Lavinas Yuri , Ladeira Marcelo , Ochoa Gabriela , Aranha Claus 
Published: August 2023

The performance of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) varies across problems, making it hard to develop new algorithms or apply existing ones to new problems. To simplify the development and application of new multiobjective algorithms, there has been an increasing interest in their automatic design from their components. These automatically designed metaheuristics can outperform their human-developed counterparts. However, it is still unknown what are the most influential components that lead to performance improvements. This study specifies a new methodology to investigate the effects of the final configuration of an automatically designed algorithm. We apply this methodology to a tuned Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) designed by the iterated racing (irace) configuration package on constrained problems of 3 groups: (1) analytical real-world problems, (2) analytical artificial problems and (3) simulated real-world. We then compare the impact of the algorithm components in terms of their Search Trajectory Networks (STNs), the diversity of the population, and the anytime hypervolume values. Looking at the objective space behavior, the MOEAs studied converged before half of the search to generally good HV values in the analytical artificial problems and the analytical real-world problems. For the simulated problems, the HV values are still improving at the end of the run. In terms of decision space behavior, we see a diverse set of the trajectories of the STNs in the analytical artificial problems. These trajectories are more similar and frequently reach optimal solutions in the other problems.
Flk1 Deficiency and Hypoxia Synergistically Promote Endothelial Dysfunction, Vascular Remodeling, and Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Akiyama Tatsuya , Sadahiro Taketaro , Yamada Yu , Fujita Ryo , Abe Yuto , Nakano Koji , Honda Seiichiro , Ema Masatsugu , Kubota Yoshiaki , Sakai Satoshi , Hizawa Nobuyuki , Ieda Masaki 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
The mechanisms underlying pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain largely unknown; further, why advanced vascular remodeling preferentially occurs in arterioles is yet to be answered. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) regulates angiogenesis through Flk1 (fetal liver kinase 1) and Flt1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase 1) on endothelial cells (ECs), which may be related to PH pathogenesis. However, spatiotemporal expression patterns of Flk1 and Flt1 in the pulmonary vascular system and the role of endothelial Flk1 in PH development remain poorly understood.

METHODS:

We analyzed multiple reporter mice, including Flk1-GFP (green fluorescent protein) bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic (Tg), Flt1-DsRed bacterial artificial chromosome Tg, and Flk1-GFP/Flt1-DsRed double Tg mice, to determine the spatiotemporal expression of Flk1 and Flt1 in hypoxia-induced PH. We also used Cdh5
CreERT2
/Flk1
f/f
/Tomato (Flk1-KO [knockout]) mice to induce EC-specific Flk1 deletion and lineage tracing in chronic hypoxia.

RESULTS:

Flk1 was specifically expressed in the ECs of small pulmonary vessels, including arterioles. Conversely, Flt1 was more broadly expressed in the ECs of large- to small-sized vessels in adult mouse lungs. Intriguingly, Flk1
+
ECs were transiently increased in hypoxia with proliferation, whereas Flt1 expression was unchanged. Flk1-KO mice did not exhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling nor PH in normoxia; however, the arteriolar ECs changed to a cuboidal shape with protrusion. In hypoxia, Flk1 deletion exacerbated EC dysfunction and reduced their number via apoptosis. Additionally, Flk1 deletion promoted medial thickening and neointimal formation in arterioles and worsened PH. Mechanistically, lineage tracing revealed that neointimal cells were derived from Flk1-KO ECs. Moreover, RNA sequencing in pulmonary ECs demonstrated that Flk1 deletion and hypoxia synergistically activated multiple pathways, including cell cycle, senescence/apoptosis, and cytokine/growth factor, concomitant with suppression of cell adhesion and angiogenesis, to promote vascular remodeling.

CONCLUSIONS:

Flk1 and Flt1 were differentially expressed in pulmonary ECs. Flk1 deficiency and hypoxia jointly dysregulated arteriolar ECs to promote vascular remodeling. Thus, dysfunction of Flk1
+
ECs may contribute to the pathogenesis of advanced vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterioles.
Ameliorating Racial Disparities in Vascular Risk Factor Management With Aggressive Medical Management in the SAMMPRIS Trial
Authors: Almallouhi Eyad , Nelson Ashley M. , Cotsonis George , Harris William , Chimowitz Marc I. , Turan Tanya N. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
The WASID trial (Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease) and the SAMMPRIS trial (Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis) evaluated optimal management of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. The aim of this retrospective, observational study was to determine whether aggressive medical management used in the SAMMPRIS trial ameliorated disparities in risk factor control between Black and non-Black patients.

METHODS:
The SAMMPRIS trial was a randomized controlled trial that enrolled patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis between November 2008 and April 2011. The frequency of risk factors at study entry (baseline) and mean levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, LDL (low-density lipoprotein), hemoglobin A1c, and exercise level (quantified by physician-based assessment and counseling for exercise score) at baseline and at 1 year of follow-up were compared between Black (n=104) versus non-Black patients (n=347).

RESULTS:

Significant differences at baseline in Black patients (listed first) versus non-Black patients were age (57.5 versus 61.0 years;
P
=0.004), hypertension (95.2% versus 87.5%;
P
=0.027), diabetes (52.9% versus 39.7%;
P
=0.017), mean diastolic blood pressure (82.4 versus 79.5 mm Hg;
P
=0.035), and mean physician-based assessment and counseling for exercise score (2.7 versus 3.3;
P
=0.002). The mean diastolic blood pressure and mean physician-based assessment and counseling for exercise scores at 1 year in Black versus non-Black patients were 74.7 versus 75.5 mm Hg (
P
=0.575) and 4.2 versus 4.1 (
P
=0.593), respectively. No disparities in other modifiable risk factors emerged at 1 year.

CONCLUSIONS:
Significant differences in important risk factors (physical activity and diastolic blood pressure) at baseline between Black and non-Black patients resolved at 1 year, suggesting that aggressive medical management may have an important role in ameliorating disparities in risk factor control between Black and non-Black patients.
Trichromatic vision in toads: evidence from preference for colour objects during mate choice
Authors: Kondrashev Sergei L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Input of different spectral types of photoreceptors in amphibian colour vision has been assessed by studying the behaviour of male toads Bufo bufo and B. gargarizans in a laboratory. This method is based on the males’ innate reaction of approaching and clasping any visual object during the breeding season. A pair of colour stimuli made of paper or displayed on a LCD monitor has been selected to match the toad’s RGB colour space so that they differ by excitation of only a single spectral class of retinal photoreceptors. With pairwise presentation, the males are found to prefer a more ‘bluish’, or a less ‘reddish’, or a less ‘greenish’ stimulus from each pair. A microspectrophotometry of isolated rod and cone photoreceptors and an observation of behavioural responses in toads have revealed a trichromatic mesopic visual system based on a positive input from blue-sensitive photoreceptors and negative inputs from red-sensitive cones and green-sensitive rods. It is supposed that the observed colour preference and involvement of different chromatic mechanisms determine social interactions of anurans during mate choice.
The Necessity of a Polycentric Federal Democracy in Myanmar
Authors: Myint Tun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The military coup of February 1, 2021 ended Myanmar’s nominal transition to democracy. That transition had begun with the 2010 election under the military-drafted 2008 Constitution. The coup and post-coup Myanmar’s crises are the tip of the iceberg of a long endured political crisis about how to build an inclusive political system that respects the ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity of Burmese society at large. This article argues that the 2021 military coup itself may be a much-needed event for the future history of Burma: the coup has provoked resistance across ethnicity and religion to an unprecedented level.
Suffering and Spirituality in Myanmar Today: Hope amid the National Crisis
Authors: Geoffrion Timothy C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Myanmar’s citizens have been devastated by the military coup on February 1, 2021, and by the ensuing violence, destruction, and chaos. As the people are struggling to cope with the horror and suffering, Christian faith and spirituality are playing significant roles for Myanmar Christians, albeit in different ways, depending on their personal spiritual preference (temperament) and theological perspective. This article explores the four major psycho-spiritual orientations (temperaments) using a paradigm developed by Dr. Corrine Ware: head spirituality (Type 1), heart spirituality (Type 2), mystical spirituality (Type 3), and social action spirituality (Type 4). In a separate section, ‘Hope amid Suffering’, I discuss how varying theological perspectives are producing at least three different kinds of hope (in terms of content and timing): hope for deliverance now; hope for deliverance later; and hope now and later. In short, Christian faith and spirituality are functioning as indispensable sources of hope amid great suffering.
Reading Romans 13:1–7 as a Hidden Transcript of Public Theology
Authors: Moe David Thang , Scott James C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Romans 13:1–7 is a potential key text in determining the theological response of the churches in Myanmar to the 2021 coup. The text presents those who invoke its use with a dilemma that requires resolution and decision. Is it an oppressive text that justifies the coup and commands the church’s blind obedience to the coup-led state? Does Paul’s exhortation to be subject to the governing authorities’ (13:1) justify the line of the church’s uncritical obedience? Or does his description of the governing authorities as ‘servants for good’ (v.4) provide the basis for resistance to the coup conceived as adharma or untruth or evil? James Scott’s creative theory of hidden transcripts suggests that the text can be read as a script for a public theology that demands the church’s faithful disobedience to the coup. It invites a fresh reading of Paul being resistant to empire in a hidden and indirect way. Rom: 13.4 may then be placed in dialogue with Rom. 12:9 (‘resisting evil and loving good’). Through a hermeneutic of correspondence between Paul’s texts and contemporary protesters of the coup forms of everyday public resistance to the military power are disclosed. The text becomes a vehicle through which the goals of the resistance movement can be set in a biblical case for a public theology.
Clinical considerations for sarcopenia in older Colombian Afro-descendant and mestizo women
Authors: Monterrosa-Castro Álvaro , Prada-Tovar María , Monterrosa-Blanco Angélica 
Published: August 2023

Objectives To identify the frequencies of clinical suspicion of sarcopenia (CSS) and probable sarcopenia (PS) and their association with ethnic groups. Methods This cross-sectional study categorized 700 women into Afro-descendant and mestizo ethnic groups. Calf circumference, muscle strength, and gait speed were measured. CSS was assessed using a sarcopenia risk scale and the measurement of calf circumference; the muscle strength of the dominant hand was used to establish PS. Unadjusted logistic regressions assessed associations between CSS/PS and ethnicity. Two adjusted logistic regression models included relevant covariates. Results CSS and PS were identified in 10.4% to 20.7% and 7.8% to 14.1% of study participants, respectively. Compared with mestizos, Afro-descendants had a more favorable sarcopenia risk score, greater calf circumference, and greater muscle strength and were associated with a lower risk for CSS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06–0.28 and OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.07–0.21) and PS (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.05–0.30 and OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.06–0.21). Conclusion Compared with mestizos, CSS and PS were less frequent among Afro-descendants, who had 87% to 88% lower probability of CSS and 88% to 89% lower probability of PS.
Empathy and ethical sensitivity among intensive and critical care nurses: A path analysis
Authors: Sharifnia Amir Masoud , Green Heidi , Fernandez Ritin , Alananzeh Ibrahim 
Published: August 2023

Background Intensive and critical care nurses need to demonstrate ethical sensitivity especially in recognizing and dealing with ethical dilemmas particularly as they often care for patients living with life-threatening conditions. Theories suggest that there is a convergence between nurses’ empathy and ethical sensitivity. Evidence in the literature indicates that nurses’ emotional, demographic, and work characteristics are associated with their level of empathy and ethical sensitivity. Aim To investigate the relationship between nurses’ empathy and ethical sensitivity, considering their emotional states (depression, anxiety, and stress), demographic and work characteristics, and test an empirical model describing potential predictors of empathy (as a mediator) and ethical sensitivity using path analysis. Research design Using a cross-sectional design, the philosophical theory of care ethics and empathy was extended and adopted as a conceptual framework for this study and tested by path analysis. Participants and research context Data were collected from 347 intensive care nurses recruited by ten educational-medical hospitals in Iran using a questionnaire between February and March 2021. Ethical considerations The study was reviewed by the Ethical Advisory Board in Iran and conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Findings Study participants demonstrated a mild level of stress, anxiety, and depression, alongside a relatively high level of empathy and ethical sensitivity. Nurses with good socioeconomic status had higher empathetic behavior with patients than those with weak status. Nurses aged over 40 who had received ethics training and had higher work experience were associated with higher ethical sensitivity compared to nurses under 20 years of age. Empathy directly affected ethical sensitivity; however, anxiety had an indirect effect on ethical sensitivity through empathy. Among demographic factors, age had a positive direct effect on ethical sensitivity. Conclusions Less anxiety and a high level of empathy contribute to higher levels of ethical sensitivity among intensive and critical care nurses.