bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massively Parallel Sequencing of the Mitogenome from Human Hair Shafts in Forensic Investigations
Authors: Korber Jade T. , Canale Lauren C. , Holland Mitchell M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article highlights methods used to perform DNA extraction, mitochondrial DNA quantification, multiplex PCR amplification, amplicon‐based massively parallel sequencing, and data analysis of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) from human hair shafts. The focus is on applications to forensic casework, but this set of protocols can be used for any purpose involving small cuttings (as small as 1 to 5 mm) of human hair shafts up to 40 years from the time of collection. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Extraction of mitochondrial DNA from human hair shaftsBasic Protocol 2: Quantification of mitochondrial DNA (copies/μl)Basic Protocol 3: Multiplex amplification of the mitogenomeBasic Protocol 4: Library preparation and sequencing of mitogenome ampliconsBasic Protocol 5: Data analysis of mitogenome haplotypes
Corporate governance, policies, and outcomes: The appointment of military connected boards and sustainability
Authors: Jaroenjitrkam Anutchanat , Maneenop Sakkakom , Treepongkaruna Sirimon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper explores whether a military connected board is an effective corporate governance mechanism, leading to sustainable corporate policies and outcomes. Appointing military‐experienced directors could be a firm's good and ethical business strategy if it positively influences firms' decision making process and eventually outcomes. Relying on over 6800 firm‐year observations over the period of 2000–2018 in the Thai stock market, we find military connected boards mis‐utilize firms' resources, representing a weakening governance mechanism―in line with agency cost theory. Specifically, firms with military officials on their boards are highly levered, keep low cash reserves, pay low dividends, but underinvest, and historically underperformed. However, we find a positive relationship between military connected boards and firm value, measured by Tobin's Q, representing potential future growth and supporting resource dependency hypothesis. Although backward‐looking analyses point toward irresponsible and unsustainable corporate policies which ultimately destroy corporate outcomes, forward‐looking evidence sees a good use of military connected board members in bidding on the government's projects.
The genetic communication and interaction between chronic kidney diseases and frailty
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Gu Xuchao , Zhang Yuxin , Bao Zhijun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing due to the global ageing trend. Despite significant advancements in understanding the mechanisms of CKD, little research has focused on the prevention and treatment of associated complications such as frailty. In this review, we provide a summary of the current Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of kidney diseases based on the unique genetic characteristics of kidneys and a review of the impact of metabolites associated with inflammageing on frailty and CKD. Additionally, the role of circadian rhythm in the intrinsic relationship between kidney and skeletal muscle has also been explored. This article offers insights into the potential communications and interactions between CKD and frailty to facilitate the current clinical treatments and improve the life quality for frail elderly individuals in coexistence of CKD.
The effect of plasma cortisol on hippocampal atrophy and clinical progression in mild cognitive impairment
Authors: White Silke , Mauer René , Lange Catharina , Klimecki Olga , Huijbers Willem , Wirth Miranka ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionBoth elevated cortisol and hippocampal volume have been linked to an increased risk for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This longitudinal study assessed the effects of plasma cortisol on hippocampal atrophy and clinical progression rates in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsPatients with amnestic MCI (n = 304) were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) based on availability of baseline plasma cortisol and hippocampal volume measures, assessed at baseline and during follow‐ups. We investigated associations between plasma cortisol, hippocampal volume, and risk of clinical progression to AD over a study period of up to 100 months (mean follow‐up time 36.8 months) using linear mixed models, Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan‐Meier estimators.ResultsPlasma cortisol predicted greater hippocampal atrophy, such that participants with higher cortisol showed faster decline in hippocampal volume over time (interaction: β = ‐0.15, p = 0.004). Small hippocampal volume predicted a higher risk of clinical progression to AD (haard ratio [HR] = 2.15; confidence in terval [CI], 1.64–2.80; p < 0.001). A similar effect was not found for cortisol (HR = 1.206; CI, 0.82–1.37; p = 0.670) and there was no statistical evidence for an interaction between hippocampal volume and cortisol on clinical progression (HR = 0.81; CI, 0.57–0.17; p = 0.260).DiscussionOur findings suggest that higher cortisol predicts higher hippocampal atrophy, which in turn is a risk factor for progression to AD. Regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis through stress‐reducing lifestyle interventions might be a protective factor against hippocampal degeneration at the prodromal stage of AD.
Shift from older‐ to newer‐generation antiseizure medications in people with acute ischemic stroke in Australia: A population‐based study
Authors: Kim Stella Jung‐Hyun , Wood Stephen , Marquina Clara , Foster Emma , Bell J. Simon , Ilomäki Jenni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the trends in antiseizure medications (ASMs) use following ischemic stroke and to examine factors associated with use of newer‐ and older‐generation ASMs.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using state‐wide linked health datasets. Patients who were hospitalized with a first‐ever ischemic stroke between 2013 and 2017 and were dispensed ASM within 12 months from discharge were included. Logistic regression was used to examine the predictors of receiving newer‐generation ASMs. Generalized linear modeling was used to identify factors associated with ASM use after ischemic stroke.ResultsOf 19 601 people hospitalized with a first‐ever ischemic stroke, 989 were dispensed an ASM within 12 months from discharge. The most prevalent first ASMs were levetiracetam (38.0%), valproate (25.8%), and carbamazepine (10.3%). Most people were dispensed ASM monotherapy (86.9%). There was a shift toward the use of newer‐generation ASMs between 2013 and 2017 (odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.92–4.16). Metropolitan residents were more likely to be dispensed newer‐generation ASMs as a first‐line treatment (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.31–2.45). People over 85 years (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.23–0.64), with dementia (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19–0.63) and psychotic comorbidities (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.96) were less likely to be dispensed newer‐generation ASMs. Older age (coefficient [β] 0.23, P = 0.030), history of beta blocker use (β 0.17, P = 0.029), multiple ASMs (β 0.78, P < 0.001), and newer‐generation ASM (β 0.23, P = 0.001) were associated with higher defined daily dose (DDD) of ASM whereas female sex and being married were associated with lower DDD.SignificanceThere has been a shift toward newer‐generation ASMs for poststroke seizures and epilepsy. Concerningly, vulnerable patient groups were more likely to be dispensed older‐generation ASMs. This may lead to unnecessary exposure to adverse events and drug–drug interactions. Further research is needed to evaluate comparative effectiveness and safety of newer‐ and older‐generation ASMs in poststroke populations.
A comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of cyanobacterial marine bioactives: Unveiling the hidden treasures of the sea
Authors: Nawaz Taufiq , Gu Liping , Fahad Shah , Saud Shah , Jiang Zhaoyu , Hassan Shah , Harrison Matthew Tom , Liu Ke , Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Liu Haitao , El‐Kahtany Khaled , Wu Chao , Zhu Mo , Zhou Ruanbao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMarine cyanobacterial bioactives, due to their diverse chemistry and promising pharmacological properties, hold significant potential as therapeutic agents. Here, we comprehensively review the scientific state‐of‐the‐art relating to marine cyanobacterial bioactives, including bioprospecting, preclinical and clinical studies, mechanisms of action, safety and toxicity considerations, sustainability, and conservation. We discuss challenges in and opportunities for developing marine cyanobacterial bioactives as therapeutics; we underscore their potential in treating life‐threatening health ailments, such as cancer and neurodegenerative, inflammatory and viral diseases. We further articulate the significant potential of marine cyanobacterial bioactives for improving human health, and identify future research directions underpinning their development as therapeutics.
Toward Sustainable Composites: Graphene‐Modified Jute Fiber Composites with Bio‐Based Epoxy Resin
Authors: Islam Mohammad Hamidul , Afroj Shaila , Karim Nazmul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSustainable natural fiber reinforced composites have attracted significant interest due to the growing environmental concerns with conventional synthetic fiber as well as petroleum‐based resins. One promising approach to reducing the large carbon footprint of petroleum‐based resins is the use of bio‐based thermoset resins. However, current fiber‐reinforced bio‐based epoxy composites exhibit relatively lower mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural strength, and modulus, which limits their wider application. Here the fabrication of high‐performance composites using jute fibers is reported, modified with graphene nanoplates (GNP) and graphene oxide (GO), and reinforced with bio‐based epoxy resin. It is demonstrated that physical and chemical treatments of jute fibers significantly improve their fiber volume fraction (Vf) and matrix adhesion, leading to enhanced mechanical properties of the resulting Jute/Bio‐epoxy (J/BE) composites. Furthermore, the incorporation of GNP and GO further increases the tensile and flexural strength of the J/BE composites. The study reveals the potential of graphene‐based jute fiber‐reinforced composites with bio‐based epoxy resin as a sustainable and high‐performance material for a wide range of applications. This work contributes to the development of sustainable composites that have the potential to reduce the negative environmental impact of conventional materials while also offering improved mechanical properties.
Single‐subject cortical morphological brain networks across the adult lifespan
Authors: Ruan Jingxuan , Wang Ningkai , Li Junle , Wang Jing , Zou Qihong , Lv Yating , Zhang Han , Wang Jinhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAge‐related changes in focal cortical morphology have been well documented in previous literature; however, how interregional coordination patterns of the focal cortical morphology reorganize with advancing age is not well established. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the topological changes in single‐subject morphological brain networks across the adult lifespan. Specifically, we constructed four types of single‐subject morphological brain networks for 650 participants (aged from 18 to 88 years old), and characterized their topological organization using graph‐based network measures. Age‐related changes in the network measures were examined via linear, quadratic, and cubic models. We found profound age‐related changes in global small‐world attributes and efficiency, local nodal centralities, and interregional similarities of the single‐subject morphological brain networks. The age‐related changes were mainly embodied in cortical thickness networks, involved in frontal regions and highly connected hubs, concentrated on short‐range connections, characterized by linear changes, and susceptible to connections between limbic, frontoparietal, and ventral attention networks. Intriguingly, nonlinear (i.e., quadratic or cubic) age‐related changes were frequently found in the insula and limbic regions, and age‐related cubic changes preferred long‐range morphological connections. Finally, we demonstrated that the morphological similarity in cortical thickness between two frontal regions mediated the relationship between age and cognition measured by Cattell scores. Taken together, these findings deepen our understanding of adaptive changes of the human brain with advancing age, which may account for interindividual variations in behaviors and cognition.
Graded diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection using hyperspectral images of gastric juice
Authors: Tian Chongxuan , Hao Di , Ma Mingjun , Zhuang Ji , Mu Yijun , Zhang Zhanhao , Zhao Xin , Lu Yushan , Zuo Xiuli , Li Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is a potential underlying cause of many diseases. Although the Carbon 13 breath test is considered the gold standard for detection, it is high cost and low public accessibility in certain areas limit its widespread use. In this study, we sought to use machine learning and deep learning algorithm models to classify and diagnose H. pylori infection status. We used hyperspectral imaging system to gather gastric juice images and then retrieved spectral feature information between 400 and 1000 nm. Two different data processing methods were employed, resulting in the establishment of one‐dimensional (1D) and two‐dimensional (2D) datasets. In the binary classification task, the random forest model achieved a prediction accuracy of 83.27% when learning features from 1D data, with a specificity of 84.56% and a sensitivity of 92.31%. In the ternary classification task, the ResNet model learned from 2D data and achieved a classification accuracy of 91.48%.
Burosumab Improves Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults With Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: Mixed-Methods Analysis
Authors: Jan de Beur Suzanne M , Cimms Tricia , Nixon Annabel , Theodore-Oklota Christina , Luca Diana , Roberts Mary Scott , Egan Shayna , Graham Christina A , Hribal Elizabeth , Evans Christopher J , Wood Sue , Williams Angela 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an ultra-rare disease caused by tumors that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23, leading to chronic hypophosphatemia, poor skeletal health, and impaired physical function. In a phase 2 trial (UX023T-CL201; NCT02304367; n = 14), 48 weeks of burosumab treatment restored phosphate homeostasis, with improvements in skeletal health, functional mobility, and patient-reported pain, fatigue, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) (SF-36 v2). Here, we report an exploratory mixed-methods analysis of change from baseline after 144 weeks of burosumab treatment alongside qualitative data from exit interviews with 8 of 14 trial participants to evaluate meaningful treatment effects from a patient perspective. The interview subset (n = 8) reported pain and fatigue and compromised HRQL at baseline. In the interviews, participants reported that compromised HRQL and pain were the most important aspects of the disease to treat; both were considered more bothersome than fatigue and compromised physical function and activities of daily living. Improvements in pain and fatigue after treatment were reported, some of which achieved statistically and/or clinically meaningful thresholds. Furthermore, improvements in SF-36 v2 scores were most pronounced in the Physical Component Score and its Physical Function and Bodily Pain domains. Overall, the interview subset provided descriptions of symptomatic improvement and its clinical meaningfulness, including physical function, participation in activities of daily living, and mental well-being. Thus, this exploratory mixed-methods analysis provides deeper understanding of patients' perception of clinical meaningfulness beyond that articulated in validated patient-reported outcome instruments. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Fracture Risk in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa Over a 40-Year Period
Authors: Søeby Mette , Gribsholt Sigrid Bjerge , Clausen Loa , Richelsen Bjørn 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Researchers have reported increased fracture risk in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), but more knowledge on the long-term risk and the effects of age, male sex, and time-related changes is still needed. We examined the long-term (up to 40 years) fracture risk among patients with AN compared to a matched comparison cohort from the general population. We utilized data from the Danish Health Care Registers to identify 14,414 patients with AN (13,474 females and 940 males) diagnosed between 1977 and 2018, with a median age of 18.6 years and median follow-up time of 9.65 years. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression analysis for overall and site-specific fracture risks. The overall aHR of any fracture was 1.46 [95% CI: 1.36 to 1.48], with an aHR of 1.50 [95% CI: 1.43 to 1.57] for females and 0.95 [95% CI: 0.82 to 1.1] for males. For specific fractures we found an association with femur fractures both in females 4.06 [95% CI: 3.39 to 4.46] and in males 2.79 [95% CI: 1.45 to 2.37] and for fractures of the spine (females 2.38 [95% CI: 2.00 to 2.84], males 2.31 [95% CI: 1.20 to 4.42]). The aHR of any fracture decreased from 1.66 [95% CI: 1.52 to 1.81] in the period from 1977 to 1997 to 1.40 [95% CI: 1.33 to 1.40] from 1998 to 2018. In conclusion, we found that AN was associated with a 46% increased risk of any fracture up to 40 years after diagnosis. We found no overall increased risk in males, but in both sexes we found a particularly high site-specific fracture risk in the spine and femur. Fracture risk decreased in recent decades, indicating that more patients with AN have been diagnosed with presumably less severe disease and that the earlier detection and intervention of AN in recent years may translate into a lower facture risk. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Assessment of Hidden Blood Loss in Spinal Metastasis Surgery: A Comprehensive Approach with MRI‐Based Radiomics Models
Authors: Zhao Weili , Qin Siyuan , Wang Qizheng , Chen Yongye , Liu Ke , Xin Peijin , Lang Ning 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundPatients undergoing surgery for spinal metastasis are predisposed to hidden blood loss (HBL), which is associated with poor surgical outcomes but unpredictable.PurposeTo evaluate the role of MRI‐based radiomics models for assess the risk of HBL in patients undergoing spinal metastasis surgery.Study TypeRetrospective.Subjects202 patients (42.6% female) operated on for spinal metastasis with a mean age of 58 ± 11 years were divided into a training (n = 162) and a validation cohort (n = 40).Field Strength/Sequence1.5T or 3.0T scanners. Sagittal T1‐weighted and fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging sequences.AssessmentHBL was calculated using the Gross formula. Patients were classified as low and high HBL group, with 1000 mL as the threshold. Radiomics models were constructed with radiomics features. The radiomics score (Radscore) was obtained from the optimal radiomics model. Clinical variables were accessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Independent risk variables were used to build a clinical model. Clinical variables combined with Radscore were used to establish a combined model.Statistical TestsPredictive performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score. Calibration curves and decision curves analyses were produced to evaluate the accuracy and clinical utility.ResultsAmong the radiomics models, the fusion (T1WI + FS‐T2WI) model demonstrated the highest predictive efficacy (AUC: 0.744, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.576–0.914). The Radscore model (AUC: 0.809, 95% CI: 0.664–0.954) performs slightly better than the clinical model (AUC: 0.721, 95% CI: 0.524–0.918; P = 0.418) and the combined model (AUC: 0.752, 95% CI: 0.593–0.911; P = 0.178).Data ConclusionA radiomics model may serve as a promising assessment tool for the risk of HBL in patients undergoing spinal metastasis surgery, and guide perioperative planning to improve surgical outcomes.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Creative Achievement of Eminent Scientists in Tang and Song Dynasties of China: A Historiometric Study
Authors: Yi Xinfa , Hong Peiling , Chen Pengfei , Bai Xinyang , Li Sijia , Qi Senqing , Runco Mark A. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe creative achievements of eminent genius in Chinese history are of enormous interest. There is, however, uncertainty about the accurate measurement of eminence and creativity. The most tenable measurement approach is historiometric. Nearly all historiometric research on eminence and creative achievement has involved Western samples. The present investigation used historiometry to test two hypotheses about creative achievement with Eastern samples. These point to developmental adversity (DA) and the “madness‐to‐genius link” thought to facilitate unusual cognitive patterns and thus a creative capacity. Here, historiometric methods were applied to a sample of 55 eminent scientists in the Chinese Tang and Song dynasties. DA and mental illness did not significantly predict Chinese scientists' creative outcomes. Other diversifying experiences, such as religious beliefs, migration, and role model mentors, had a positive relationship with eminence and creative achievement. The Tang and Song dynasties had different religious structures, so religion had a different impact on the creative achievements of scientists. In the Tang Dynasty, religion could positively predict the creative achievements of scientists, while in the Song Dynasty it could not. These findings warrant further research using other eminent creators in Chinese history.
Mitigating the negative emotions of employees in times of crisis: The role of workplace spirituality and employees' creative adaptability
Authors: Quy Hoang Thi Kim , Tran Mai Dong , Dinh Tien Minh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn employee's negative emotions may have negative effects on organizational outcomes, especially in times of crisis events such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our research aims to examine how workplace spirituality and creative adaptability reduce employees' negative emotions in the aviation industry in times of crisis. This study conducted a cross‐sectional survey among participants from aviation companies and analyzed the data through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). The results revealed that workplace spirituality was negatively associated with negative emotions among employees in the aviation industry. The finding further demonstrated the positive nexus between workplace spirituality and creative adaptability. Interestingly, in contrast to our expectations, creative adaptability was found to be positively linked to the negative emotions of employees.