bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cropping system shifts enhanced nutrient yields under changing daily hydrological processes in a coastal watershed of Eastern China
Authors: Li Yanqiang , Zhang Peipei , Yan Weijin , Wang Fang , Wang Jianing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAgricultural cropping systems in coastal areas of China have experienced significant shifts, and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses via surface runoff from fields have considerably increased. However, it is unclear how changes in cropping systems coupled with rainfall‐runoff affect nutrient losses in coastal areas. In this study, in‐situ daily rainfall‐runoff events in agricultural fields in the Dagu River watershed (a coastal area of Shandong Province, Southeastern China) were observed and the dissolved nutrient losses measured. The fields comprised three cropping systems—wheat‐maize rotation (W‐M), vegetable‐maize rotation (V‐M) and vegetable‐vegetable rotation (V‐V). The runoff yields of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in V‐V (10.4 ± 0.8 kg N ha−1 year−1 and 3.90 ± 0.1 kg P ha−1 year−1) and V‐M (6.52 ± 0.31 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 2.12 ± 0.08 kg P ha−1 year−1) were significantly higher than those in W‐M (1.51 ± 0.15 kg N ha−1 year−1 and 0.84 ± 0.08 kg P ha−1 year−1), and the nutrient export coefficients were 291–1271 and 146–489 kg ha−1 year−1 m runoff−1 for TDN and TDP, respectively. Remarkable shifts in cropping systems coupled with varied rainfall‐runoff are dominant factors responsible for agricultural nutrient losses. TDN and TDP losses would increase by 70.0% and 59.8%, respectively, if the watershed traditional cropping system of W‐M is completely replaced by V‐V. The TDN and TDP losses would increase by 36.36%–46.97% under the SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5 climate scenarios until 2100 with a 50% of the watershed area of traditional agricultural plantation converted to modern plantation. This study can enhance our understanding of the effects of cropping system changes coupled with varied rainfall‐runoff on nutrient losses in coastal areas of China.
The Natural History of Symptomatic Fractures in Children and Adolescents with Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type 1: A Cohort Study from Western Australia
Authors: Joshi Kiranjit K , Siafarikas Aris , Prince Richard 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe fracture experience of children and adolescents with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type 1 is not well described in the literature. We present data on symptomatic long bones and axial skeleton fractures of all patients aged 0 to 18 years with OI type 1 seen at a specialized bone clinic in Western Australia in the period 2008 to 2020 using a retrospective chart review method. The cohort consisted of 44 patients (21 males, 23 females). Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 11.3 (6.2 to 17) years, giving a total of 520 patient‐years in the study during which 197 fractures were experienced. The mean fracture rate was 379 fractures per 1000 patient‐years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 310 to 440); however, the experience for fractures varied from ≤1 fracture in 23% (n = 10) to two to 20 in 77% (n = 34) of the cohort. Twenty‐one patients (48.5%) received bisphosphonates during the study period. In logistic regression, age, but not sex or family history of OI, was a significant predictor of fracture risk. The highest total fracture rate was observed in the age group 0 to <3 years at 469 fractures/1000 patient‐years, which declined to 140 fractures/1000 patient‐years in the age group 15 to 18 years. The lower limbs were the site of 49.7% of all fractures. The highest rate for lower limb fracture was in the age group 0 to <3 years at 331 fractures/1000 patient‐years, decreasing to 0 fractures/1000 patient‐years in the age group 15 to 18 years. Upper limb fracture rates increased from 100 fractures/1000 patient‐years in the 0 to <3 years age group to 307 fractures/1000 patient‐years in the 9 to <12 years age group and then declining to 70 fractures/1000 years in the 15 to 18 years age group. In pediatric patients with OI type 1, fracture risk is highest in early life, especially in the lower limbs. Multidisciplinary care of children with OI should have a particular focus on strategies to prevent these fractures. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Putting down roots: Afforestation and bank cohesion of Icelandic Rivers
Authors: Rathburn Sara L. , Eysteinsson Þröstur , Sæmundsson Þorsteinn , Kemper John T. , Wieting Celeste D. , Friedman Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRiparian vegetation is widely recognized as a critical component of functioning fluvial systems. Human pressures on woody vegetation including riparian areas have had lasting effects, especially at high latitude. In Iceland, prior to human settlement, native downy birch woodlands covered approximately 15%–40% of the land area compared to 1%–2% today. Afforestation efforts include planting seedlings, protecting native forest remnants, and acquiring land areas as national forests. The planted and protected nature of vegetation along rivers within forests provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the various taxa within riparian zones and the channel stabilizing characteristics of the vegetation used in afforestation. We investigated bank properties, sediment textures, and root characteristics within riparian zones along four rivers in forests in Iceland. Bank sediment textures are dominantly sandy loam overlying coarser textures. Undercut banks are common because of erosion of the less cohesive subsurface layer. Quantitative root data indicate that the woody taxa have greater root densities, rooting depths, and more complex root structures than forbs or graminoids. The native downy birch has the highest root densities, with <1 mm roots most abundant. Modeling of added bank cohesion indicates that willow provides up to six times and birch up to four times more added cohesion to the coarse sediment textures comprising stream banks compared to no vegetation. We conclude that planting and protecting the native birch and willow helps to reduce bank erosion, especially where long‐term grazing exclusion can be maintained.
Perspectives for Thermochemical Conversions of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Stöcker Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe biorefinery concept of lignocellulosic biomass with focus on thermochemical conversions will be presented and discussed with respect to the advantages, impacts, and methods. Analytics regarding the reaction mechanisms for the decomposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, respectively, will be presented along with new trends and perspectives within plasma and catalytic pyrolysis of lignin‐fractions, artificial neural networks, hydrothermal liquefaction, torrefaction, gasification and combustion, pyrolysis and hydro pyrolysis as well as supercritical fluids for the catalytic thermochemical conversion of biomass and co‐processing of upgraded bio‐oil in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC). A few examples are mentioned at this point; however, more details are given in the respective chapters. Concerning the catalytic conversion of lignin fractions the concept of the “catalyst philosophy” has been adapted from crude oil refining by using the hierarchical pore structure of the catalyst to arrive at the desired final products, like fuelcomponents or phenols. As a consequence, the same hierarchical catalysts can be applied in the co‐processing of bio‐oil with crude oil refined fractions. As a preliminary conclusion, the thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass has already reached a certain level of insight and understanding, however, there is still room for improvement and even a better understanding, and, last but not least, an upscaling to an industrial scale remains.
Enhancing Sulfur Redox Conversion of Active Iron Sites by Modulation of Electronic Density for Advanced Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Zhang Fanchao , Tang Zihuan , Zhang Tengfei , Xiao Hong , Zhuang Huifeng , Liang Xiao , Zheng Lirong , Gao Qiuming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries possessing ultrahigh energy density as great promising energy storage devices, the suppressing shuttle effect and improving sulfur redox reaction (SROR) are vital for their practical application. Developing high‐activity electrocatalysts for enhancing the SROR kinetics is a major challenge for the application of Li‐S batteries. Herein, single‐molecule iron phthalocyanine species are anchored on the N and P dual‐doped porous carbon nanosheets (Fe‐NPPC) via axial Fe‐N coordination to optimize the electronic structure of active centers. The Fe‐NPPC can promote the catalytic conversion of polysulfides by modulation of the electronic density in active moieties, endowing the Li‐S battery with a high reversible capacity of 1023 mAh g−1 at 1 C as well as an ultralow capacity decay of 0.035% per cycle over 1500 cycles. Even with a high sulfur loading of 7.1 mg cm−2, the Li‐S battery delivers a high areal capacity of 4.8 mAh cm−2 after 150 cycles at 0.2 C. With further increasing the sulfur loading to 9.2 mg cm−2, an excellent areal capacity of up to 9.3 mAh cm−2 is obtained at 0.1 C.
Advances in estimation and inference for historical functional linear models
Authors: Meyer Mark J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHistorical functional linear models or HFLMs are a class of function‐on‐function regression models that seek to restrict the relationship between two or more time‐dependent functions, or curves, of data where one function is a natural outcome and the others are natural predictors. A natural predictor is a predictor that occurs in time before, or at most concurrently with, an outcome. The primary challenge in developing methods for HFLMs is ensuring that the time‐dependent relationship between the outcome and predictors is enforced and that no “unnatural” relationships are allowed, for example, where estimation, inference, or prediction are conducted on or using coefficients such that the outcome occurs before the predictor. A number of authors consider a variety of modeling frameworks for HFLMs. This work seeks to introduce the basic HFLM, explore the various approaches for its estimation, and discuss recent advances.This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Linear ModelsData: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional DataStatistical Models > Model Selection
Auctions for Trading Queueing Positions
Authors: Cui Shiliang , Wang Zhongbin , Yang Luyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe first-in, first-out (FIFO) queue discipline respects the order of arrivals but is not efficient when customers have heterogeneous waiting costs. Priority queues, in which customers with higher waiting costs are served first, are more efficient but usually involve undesirable queue-jumping behaviors that violate bumped customers’ property rights over their waiting spots. To have the best of both worlds, this chapter introduces time trading mechanisms, in which customers who are privately informed about their waiting costs mutually agree on the ordering in the queue by trading positions. If a customer ever moves back in the queue, she will receive an appropriate monetary compensation. Customers can always decide not to participate in trading and retain their positions as if they are being served FIFO. We design the optimal mechanisms for the social planner, the service provider, and an intermediary who might mediate the trading platform. Both the social planner’s and the service provider’s optimal mechanisms involve a flat admission fee and an auction that implements strict priority. If a revenue-maximizing intermediary operates the trading platform, it should charge a trade participation fee and implement an auction with some trade restrictions. Therefore, customers are not strictly prioritized. However, relative to a FIFO system, the intermediary delivers value to the social planner by improving efficiency, and to the service provider by increasing its revenue. This chapter is primarily based on Yang et al. (Manag Sci 63(7):2377–2395, 2017) where interested readers can find proofs of the results shown in this chapter.
Line-Sitting Services
Authors: Cui Shiliang , Wang Zhongbin , Yang Luyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWaiting in line is a common yet disagreeable experience for customers seeking service, and the desire to bypass a long line has spawned the innovative practice of line-sitting—instead of joining the queue themselves, customers can hire surrogates to stand in line on behalf of them. These surrogates are referred to as line-sitters. They enter queues upon customer requests, and unlike true customers they sit in line not for the underlying service that customers are waiting for but for monetary gains from those who are willing to pay to avoid waiting. The line-sitters can notify customers through text messaging or a mobile app when they move close to the front of the line. As a result, the hiring customer can simply show up to take the line-sitter’s spot when the service is about to start. In this chapter, we present a model of line-sitting and show that it can increase the social welfare or revenue of the service provider over a first-in-first-out (FIFO) policy. This chapter is primarily based on Cui et al. (Manag Sci 66(1):227–242, 2020) and Wang and Wang (Oper Res Lett 47(5):447–451, 2019) where interested readers can find proofs of the findings shown in this chapter.
Queue Scalping
Authors: Cui Shiliang , Wang Zhongbin , Yang Luyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn addition to line-sitting, queue-scalping is also widely witnessed in congestion-prone service systems. Unlike true customers, queue-scalpers have no interest in the service being offered and enter the queue with the pure intent to sell their spots. Different from the line-sitting whereby customers pay someone to stand in line on their behalf (Chap. 3), queue-scalping takes a make-to-stock (MTS) approach in that queue-scalpers perpetually circulate in the queue before the arrival of a client, so by the time a buying customer arrives, she can readily take a scalper’s spot and shorten her wait. Thus, its value proposition is waiting-time reduction. In contrast, line-sitting takes a make-to-order (MTO) approach in that a line-sitter joins the queue only after a client requests so, and therefore (unlike queue-scalping), line-sitting does not decrease clients’ wait time but alleviates their waiting costs by diverting them from an on-site queue to an off-site queue. We present a queue scalping model in this chapter. This chapter is based on Yang et al. (Manag Sci 67:6803–6821, 2021) and Wang and Wang (Oper Res Lett 49:485–491, 2021) where interested readers can find proofs of the findings shown in this chapter.
Distance-Based Service Priority
Authors: Cui Shiliang , Wang Zhongbin , Yang Luyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObtaining a service usually comes with both rewards and costs. For example, dining at a popular restaurant provides customers with a pleasant dining experience, but also incurs costs to them. The costs include the direct service charge that customers have to pay to receive the service (the meal cost) and indirect hassle costs such as going to the restaurant and waiting in line for the service. When the service reward is too low or the service fee is too high, customers will be less likely interested in the service. The same happens when the hassle cost of seeking service is too high, which is especially true when customers must travel a long distance to obtain a service that tends to have cumbersome wait times. It is without question that increasing the number of customers being served (i.e. system throughput) is critical for service providers, as it translates directly into service revenue in the case of a for-profit company and service provision in the case of a non-profit organization. Therefore, how may service providers incentivize customers located far away from the service location to seek service? In this chapter, we introduce an innovative but natural distance-based service priority mechanism to help service providers increase their system throughput. The idea is to assign higher service priority to customers who have to travel farther for the service, thus giving them with new incentives to consider using the service. We shall demonstrate, among other results, that such a mechanism can significantly increase system throughput by attracting more customers to use the service, and the increase can be up to 50% compared to the ordinary first-come-first-served service discipline. This chapter is primarily based on Wang et al. (Manuf Serv Oper Manag, 25(1), 353–369, 2023) where interested readers can find proofs of the findings shown in this chapter.
In-Queue Priority Purchase
Authors: Cui Shiliang , Wang Zhongbin , Yang Luyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe extant priority-purchasing literature has restricted attention to the case where the only epoch for customers to purchase priority is upon arrival, and if customers choose not to upgrade when they arrive, they cannot do so later during their wait. A natural alternative is to let customers pay and upgrade to priority at any time during their stay in the queue, even if they choose not to do so initially. For instance, visitors to the London Eye could purchase a fast-track ticket at any point in their waiting process. Likewise, USCIS could allow a petitioner to file a request of expedited processing at any time after submission, not just at the moment of submission. If in-queue priority purchase is enabled, an immediate follow-up design question is whether to let customers in the regular line upgrade all at once (i.e., simultaneously) or one at a time (i.e., sequentially). In light of these considerations, this chapter examines the following two questions regarding in-queue priority purchase: (1) how will customers behave if they can upgrade to priority at any time during their wait in the queue? (2) how will rules on the specific timing of priority upgrade (i.e., simultaneous vs. sequential) impact customer behavior? This chapter is primarily based on Wang et al. (Queueing Syst 97:343–381, 2021) where interested readers can find proofs of the findings shown in this chapter.
Provably Unforgeable Threshold EdDSA with an Offline Participant and Trustless Setup
Authors: Battagliola Michele , Longo Riccardo , Meneghetti Alessio , Sala Massimiliano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present an EdDSA-compatible multi-party digital signature scheme that supports an offline participant during the key-generation phase, without relying on a trusted third party. Under standard assumptions, we prove our scheme secure against adaptive malicious adversaries. Using a classical game-based argument, we prove that if there is an adversary capable of forging the scheme with non-negligible probability, then we can build a forger for the original EdDSA scheme with non-negligible probability. The scheme requires only two communication rounds in the signature generation phase and avoids expensive multi-party evaluation of cryptographic hash functions. We present our solution in a setting where two parties generate the keys and compute signatures, with a third party which can be brought online after the key generation when one of the other parties becomes unavailable. This setting is a perfect fit for custodial solutions where partially trusted services are employed by a user to increase resiliency. We provide also a possible solution to retain the resiliency of the recovery in the presence of a malicious party.
Modulation of tumor-associated macrophage activity with radiation therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Becherini Carlotta , Lancia Andrea , Detti Beatrice , Lucidi Sara , Scartoni Daniele , Ingrosso Gianluca , Carnevale Maria Grazia , Roghi Manuele , Bertini Niccolò , Orsatti Carolina , Mangoni Monica , Francolini Giulio , Marani Simona , Giacomelli Irene , Loi Mauro , Pergolizzi Stefano , Bonzano Elisabetta , Aristei Cynthia , Livi Lorenzo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most represented cells of the immune system in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Besides its effects on cancer cells, radiation therapy (RT) can alter TME composition. With this systematic review, we provide a better understanding on how RT can regulate macrophage characterization, namely the M1 antitumor and the M2 protumor polarization, with the aim of describing new effective RT models and exploration of the possibility of integrating radiation with other available therapies.

Methods
A systematic search in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Articles from January 2000 to April 2020 which focus on the role of M1 and M2 macrophages in the response to RT were identified.

Results
Of the 304 selected articles, 29 qualitative summary papers were included in our analysis (16 focusing on administration of RT and concomitant systemic molecules, and 13 reporting on RT alone). Based on dose intensity, irradiation was classified into low (low-dose irradiation, LDI; corresponding to less than 1 Gy), moderate (moderate-dose irradiation, MDI; between 1 and 10 Gy), and high (high-dose irradiation, HDI; greater than 10 Gy). While HDI seems to be responsible for induced angiogenesis and accelerated tumor growth through early M2-polarized TAM infiltration, MDI stimulates phagocytosis and local LDI may represent a valid treatment option for possible combination with cancer immunotherapeutic agents.

Conclusion
TAMs seem to have an ambivalent role on the efficacy of cancer treatment. Radiation therapy, which exerts its main antitumor activity via cell killing, can in turn interfere with TAM characterization through different modalities. The plasticity of TAMs makes them an attractive target for anticancer therapies and more research should be conducted to explore this potential therapeutic strategy.