bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining how almond (Prunus dulcis) harvest and processing contributes to low levels of glyphosate and glufosinate residues in almonds
Authors: Martin Katie , Hanson Bradley D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCalifornia is the top producer of almonds [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] worldwide, generating more than $6 billion in revenue in 2020; the European Union (EU) is the primary importer of California almonds. Weed control in almond orchards is an important part of the preharvest process, because weeds can interfere with harvest equipment and host diseases. Glyphosate and glufosinate are broad-spectrum herbicides commonly used for preharvest weed control. Global differences in maximum residue limits (MRLs) and regulated compounds can pose a challenge for growers who rely on broad-spectrum herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate for preharvest weed control. The EU MRL for glyphosate and total glufosinate is currently 0.1 mg kg−1. The U.S. MRL for total glyphosate is 1 mg kg−1, and total glufosinate is 0.5 mg kg−1. An 8-wk field experiment, from spray to harvest, was conducted in an 8-ha commercial orchard to evaluate the potential contribution of the preharvest herbicide treatment to low levels of herbicide residue in almonds. Then, the same batch of almonds was followed through a commercial processing facility to evaluate the potential movement of herbicide residues from soil, debris, and hulls to almond kernels during processing. Glyphosate was not detected in any almond kernel samples at the end of processing. A glufosinate metabolite, 3-(methylphosphinico)propionic acid (MPP), was detected in kernels at the end of processing at about 0.1 mg kg−1, which is above the EU MRL for total glufosinate. Almonds sampled directly from the tree, without any contact with soil, were found to have elevated MPP residues. This indicates glufosinate or MPP translocation may be a factor in low-level glufosinate residues detected in almonds in some EU exports.
Model‐Free Approach for Regional Ionospheric Multi‐Instrument Imaging
Authors: Norberg J. , Käki S. , Roininen L. , Mielich J. , Virtanen I. I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe article proposes a straightforward Kalman filter‐based method for computationally efficient ionospheric electron density multi‐instrument imaging. The approach uses direct ionospheric measurements, such as ionosondes, and general physical assumptions to estimate the uncertainty associated with the previous reconstructed time step. Therefore the method does not require any electron density model of the ionosphere as a background. The uncertainty is represented by an inverse covariance matrix constructed with Gaussian Markov random fields, allowing the problem to be solved directly with relatively high resolution. The experiments utilize measurements from dense ground‐based GNSS and low Earth orbit beacon satellite receiver networks as well as ionosondes. A synthetic simulation verification and real data validation with a specific European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association incoherent scatter radar measurement campaign is carried out over Northern European sector. The method can be controlled using parameters with probabilistic and physically realistic interpretations that can be applied to both simulated and real‐world data. The results show that the approach is feasible for near real‐time regional ionospheric imaging. Especially, the method can be seen as an expansion to local profile measurements field of view, but with sufficient measurement coverage, it also provides information further away from the specific instrument.
Consistency of Seasonal Mean and Extreme Precipitation Projections Over Europe Across a Range of Climate Model Ensembles
Authors: Ritzhaupt N. , Maraun D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUncertainties of regional precipitation projections are substantial, and users of such projections face the so‐called practitioners dilemma: a plethora of projections with different models from different ensembles of different types and generations are available. But the consistency of these projections has not been systematically assessed, such that no clear guidance about the use of these ensembles exists. Therefore, we systematically compare, separately for each season, projections of mean precipitation and extremes of daily precipitation over Europe across a wide range of climate model ensembles. We specifically consider the global climate model ensembles CMIP3, CMIP5, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), and HighresMIP as well as the regional climate model ensembles ENSEMBLES and EURO‐CORDEX. All considered ensembles agree in their large‐scale patterns of changes for both mean and extreme daily precipitation, but at the regional scale, substantial discrepancies and inconsistencies are evident. Within and across ensemble spread is strongest in summer, in particular for the drying trend over the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe. CMIP5 and CMIP6 are broadly consistent. The regional climate model (RCM) ensembles modify the signals of the driving global climate models indicating potential added value. The high resolution of the RCM and HighresMIP ensembles seems to be key over the Alps for summer precipitation. Our study provides important information for users of climate projections as it helps to establish continuity across generations and types of climate models, and aids the design of new climate impact studies.
Classification and Semiquantitative Evaluation of Paleoearthquake Identification From Trenches on Normal Faults: A Case Study of Holocene Paleoearthquake Events From the Northern Margin of the Hetao Basin, China
Authors: Xu Dongsheng , He Zhongtai , Ma Baoqi , Liang Kuan , Long Jianyu , Zhang Hao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLong paleoearthquake series are crucial for understanding the recurrence patterns of active faults and evaluating the seismic hazards of faults. In this study, the first semiquantitative evaluation of paleoearthquake events from trenches was applied to normal faults, and classification criteria for identifying paleoearthquakes in trenches on normal faults are proposed to demonstrate the feasibility of semiquantitative evaluations of paleoearthquake events on normal faults. In this study, 72 paleoearthquake trench sites on normal faults around the world were analyzed, and the main indicators for identifying paleoearthquakes on normal faults include the presence of vertical offset (VO), collapse wedge (CW), fissure (FIS), buried paleosol (BP), angular unconformity (AU), upward termination (UT), and sand liquefaction (LF) features. To describe and apply this semiquantitative evaluation method for paleoearthquake events on normal faults, 33 trenches for paleoearthquakes on a fault system in the northern margin of the Hetao Basin were comprehensively analyzed to determine Holocene paleoearthquake events on the Sertengshan, Wulashan, and Daqingshan piedmont faults, and the reliability of paleoearthquake events is discussed. The integrity of the paleoearthquake events obtained was tested by the displacement limit method. The Holocene paleoearthquake recurrence on the three faults was quasiperiodic; the coefficients of variation (COVs) were 0.44, 0.58, and 0.4.
Characterizing the Three‐Dimensional Flow in Partially Vegetated Channels
Authors: Unigarro Villota S. , Ghisalberti M. , Philip J. , Branson P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPartially obstructed shear flows, such as flows over submerged vegetation patches in river systems, are common in natural environments. Here, a model of a patchily‐vegetated river flow, using staggered arrays of rigid wooden dowels, is used to experimentally characterize the flow. Three‐component point velocity measurements in the cross sectional plane are used to investigate the highly nonuniform, 3D flow field in patchy vegetation and its effect on mass and momentum exchange. The cross‐sectional distribution of mean streamwise velocity varies as a consequence of the bed heterogeneity, being highly dependent on vegetation density. Asymmetric shear layers form at the vertical and lateral edges of the canopy, having different scales within the canopy and in the unvegetated region. Secondary flow cells form in the cross‐plane, with a size that decreases with increasing canopy density. The strength of the upward and downward motions is found to be greater for denser canopies. In addition to the secondary flow, additional rotating cells are observed both above the patch and next to it with increasing canopy density. A triple‐averaging procedure allowed for the quantification of the vertical advective dispersive stresses, which are up to 21% of the total shear stress. This demonstrates the significant role of secondary circulation generated by patchy vegetation in interfacial momentum exchange. Finally, the secondary circulation contribution to vertical scalar transport is estimated to be of the same order as that due to turbulent diffusion, highlighting the importance of understanding the impact of the secondary flow field on aquatic ecosystem function.
Switch mode capacitive pressure sensors
Authors: Shalabi Nabil , Searles Kyle , Takahata Kenichi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSwitch mode capacitive pressure sensors are proposed as a new class of microfabricated devices that transform pressure into a mechanically switching capacitance to form an analog-to-digital signal with zero power, high sensitivity, and a high signal-to-noise ratio. A pressure-sensitive gold membrane suspended over a capacitive cavity makes ohmic contact with patterned gold leads on the substrate, closing circuits to fixed on-chip capacitors outside the cavity and leading to significant step responses. This function is achieved by allocating the switch leads on the part of the counter electrode area, while the remaining area is used for touch mode analog capacitive sensing. The sensor microchip is prototyped through a novel design approach to surface micromachining that integrates micro-Tesla valves for vacuum sealing the sensor cavity, showing an unprecedented response to applied pressure. For a gauge pressure range of 0–120 mmHg, the sensor exhibits an increase of 13.21 pF with resultant switch events, each of which ranges from 2.53–3.96 pF every 12–38 mmHg, in addition to the touch mode linear capacitive increase between switches. The equivalent sensitivity is 80–240 fF/mmHg, which is 11–600× more than commercial and reported touch mode sensors operating in similar pressure ranges. The sensor is further demonstrated for wireless pressure tracking by creating a resonant tank with the sensor, showing a 32.5–101.6 kHz/mmHg sensitivity with frequency jumps led by the switch events. The developed sensor, with its promising performance, offers new application opportunities in a variety of device areas, including health care, robotics, industrial control, and environmental monitoring.
The sodium channel subunit SCNN1B suppresses colorectal cancer via suppression of active c-Raf and MAPK signaling cascade
Authors: Qian Yun , Zhou Lianxin , Luk Simson Tsz Yat , Xu Jiaying , Li Weilin , Gou Hongyan , Chen Huarong , Kang Wei , Yu Jun , Wong Chi Chun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising worldwide. Here, we identified SCNN1B as an outlier down-regulated in CRC and it functions as a tumor suppressor. SCNN1B mRNA and protein expression were down-regulated in primary CRC and CRC cells. In a tissue microarray cohort (N = 153), SCNN1B protein was an independent prognostic factor for favorable outcomes in CRC. Ectopic expression of SCNN1B in CRC cell lines suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, and suppressed cell migration in vitro. Xenograft models validated tumor suppressive function of SCNN1B in vivo. Mechanistically, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that SCNN1B correlates with KRAS signaling. Consistently, MAPK qPCR and kinase arrays revealed that SCNN1B suppressed MAPK signaling. In particular, SCNN1B overexpression suppressed p-MEK/p-ERK expression and SRE-mediated transcription activities, confirming blockade of Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK cascade. Mechanistically, SCNN1B did not affect KRAS activation, instead impairing activation of c-Raf by inducing its inhibitory phosphorylation and targeting active c-Raf for degradation. The ectopic expression of c-Raf fully rescued cell proliferation and colony formation in SCNN1B-overexpressing CRC cells, confirming c-Raf as the principal molecular target of SCNN1B. In summary, we identified SCNN1B as a tumor suppressor by functioning as a c-Raf antagonist, which in turn suppressed oncogenic MEK-ERK signaling.
ATX-101, a cell-penetrating protein targeting PCNA, can be safely administered as intravenous infusion in patients and shows clinical activity in a Phase 1 study
Authors: Lemech Charlotte Rose , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Marschner Jens-Peter , Alevizopoulos Konstantinos , Otterlei Marit , Millward Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is a highly conserved protein essential for DNA replication, repair and scaffold functions in the cytosol. Specific inhibition of PCNA in cancer cells is an attractive anti-cancer strategy. ATX-101 is a first-in-class drug targeting PCNA, primarily in cellular stress regulation. Multiple in vivo and in vitro investigations demonstrated anti-cancer activity of ATX-101 in many tumor types and a potentiating effect on the activity of anti-cancer therapies. Healthy cells were less affected. Based on preclinical data, a clinical phase 1 study was initiated. Twenty-five patients with progressive, late-stage solid tumors were treated with weekly ATX-101 infusions at four dose levels (20, 30, 45, 60 mg/m2). ATX-101 showed a favorable safety profile supporting that vital cellular functions are not compromised in healthy cells. Mild and moderate infusion-related reactions were observed in 64% of patients. ATX-101 was quickly cleared from blood with elimination half-lives of less than 30 min at all dose levels, probably due to both, a quick cell penetration and peptide digestion in serum, as demonstrated in vivo. No tumor responses were observed but stable disease was seen in 70% of the efficacy population (n = 20). Further studies have been initiated to provide evidence of efficacy. Trial registration numbers: ANZCTR 375262 and ANZCTR 375319.
All HER2-negative breast cancer patients need gBRCA testing: cost-effectiveness and clinical benefits
Authors: Wu Huai-liang , Luo Zi-yin , He Zong-lin , Gong Yue , Mo Miao , Ming Wai-kit , Liu Guang-yu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
The OlympiA trial demonstrated the benefits of adjuvant usage of olaparib for high-risk patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer (BC) and germline BRCA (gBRCA) mutation. This provoked thoughts on the clinical criteria of gBRCA testing. This study aims to estimate the costs and benefits of gBRCA testing and adjuvant olaparib therapy for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and hormone-receptor (HR)-positive and HER2-negative BC in China and the United States of America (USA).

Methods
We used a Markov chain decision tree analytic model to compare three gBRCA screening policies in China and the USA: (1) no gBRCA testing; (2) selected gBRCA testing and (3) universal gBRCA testing for nonmetastatic TNBC and HR-positive HER2-negative BC patients. We modelled the benefit of systemic therapy and risk-reducing surgeries among patients identified with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1 and BRCA2.

Results
Changing from the selected gBRCA testing to the universal gBRCA testing in TNBC patients is cost-effective, with the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) being 10991.1 and 56518.2 USD/QALY in China and the USA, respectively. Expanding universal gBRCA testing to HR-positive HER2-negative BC and TNBC patients has ICERs of 2023.3 and 16611.1 USD/QALY in China and the USA, respectively.

Discussion
By performing gBRCA testing on all HER2-negative BC patients, adjuvant olaparib can be offered to high-risk patients with a PV in BRCA1 or BRCA2. These patients are also candidates for risk-reducing surgeries, an important aspect of their survivorship care, and these interventions can improve survival outcomes. With the willingness-to-pay thresholds being 31,500.0 and 100,000.0 USD per QALY gained in China and the USA, respectively, universal gBRCA testing is likely cost-effective for all HER2-negative BC patients. This simplified criterion of gBRCA testing for BC is recommended for adoption by current guidelines in China and the USA.
Challenges for the implementation of next generation sequencing-based expanded carrier screening: Lessons learned from the ciliopathies
Authors: Vintschger Ella , Kraemer Dennis , Joset Pascal , Horn Anselm H. C. , Rauch Anita , Sticht Heinrich , Bachmann-Gagescu Ruxandra 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNext generation sequencing (NGS) can detect carrier status for rare recessive disorders, informing couples about their reproductive risk. The recent ACMG recommendations support offering NGS-based carrier screening (NGS-CS) in an ethnic and population-neutral manner for all genes that have a carrier frequency >1/200 (based on GnomAD). To evaluate current challenges for NGS-CS, we focused on the ciliopathies, a well-studied group of rare recessive disorders. We analyzed 118 ciliopathy genes by whole exome sequencing in ~400 healthy local individuals and ~1000 individuals from the UK1958-birth cohort. We found 20% of healthy individuals (1% of couples) to be carriers of reportable variants in a ciliopathy gene, while 50% (4% of couples) carry variants of uncertain significance (VUS). This large proportion of VUS is partly explained by the limited utility of the ACMG/AMP variant-interpretation criteria in healthy individuals, where phenotypic match or segregation criteria cannot be used. Most missense variants are thus classified as VUS and not reported, which reduces the negative predictive value of the screening test. We show how gene-specific variation patterns and structural protein information can help prioritize variants most likely to be disease-causing, for (future) functional assays. Even when considering only strictly pathogenic variants, the observed carrier frequency is substantially higher than expected based on estimated disease prevalence, challenging the 1/200 carrier frequency cut-off proposed for choice of genes to screen. Given the challenges linked to variant interpretation in healthy individuals and the uncertainties about true carrier frequencies, genetic counseling must clearly disclose these limitations of NGS-CS.
Heterozygous and homozygous variants in STX1A cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with or without epilepsy
Authors: Luppe Johannes , Sticht Heinrich , Lecoquierre François , Goldenberg Alice , Gorman Kathleen M. , Molloy Ben , Agolini Emanuele , Novelli Antonio , Briuglia Silvana , Kuismin Outi , Marcelis Carlo , Vitobello Antonio , Denommé-Pichon Anne-Sophie , Julia Sophie , Lemke Johannes R. , Abou Jamra Rami , Platzer Konrad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe neuronal SNARE complex drives synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Therefore, one of its core proteins syntaxin 1A (STX1A) has long been suspected to play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders. We assembled eight individuals harboring ultra rare variants inSTX1Awho present with a spectrum of intellectual disability, autism and epilepsy. Causative variants comprise a homozygous splice variant, three de novo missense variants and two inframe deletions of a single amino acid. We observed a phenotype mainly driven by epilepsy in the individuals with missense variants in contrast to intellectual disability and autistic behavior in individuals with single amino acid deletions and the splicing variant. In silico modeling of missense variants and single amino acid deletions show different impaired protein-protein interactions. We hypothesize the two phenotypic courses of affected individuals to be dependent on two different pathogenic mechanisms: (1) a weakened inhibitory STX1A-STXBP1 interaction due to missense variants results in anSTX1A-related developmental epileptic encephalopathy and (2) a hampered SNARE complex formation due to inframe deletions causes anSTX1A-related intellectual disability and autism phenotype. Our description of aSTX1A-related neurodevelopmental disorder with or without epilepsy thus expands the group of rare diseases called SNAREopathies.
Self-powered high-sensitivity all-in-one vertical tribo-transistor device for multi-sensing-memory-computing
Authors: Liu Yaqian , Liu Di , Gao Changsong , Zhang Xianghong , Yu Rengjian , Wang Xiumei , Li Enlong , Hu Yuanyuan , Guo Tailiang , Chen Huipeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDevices with sensing-memory-computing capability for the detection, recognition and memorization of real time sensory information could simplify data conversion, transmission, storage, and operations between different blocks in conventional chips, which are invaluable and sought-after to offer critical benefits of accomplishing diverse functions, simple design, and efficient computing simultaneously in the internet of things (IOT) era. Here, we develop a self-powered vertical tribo-transistor (VTT) based on MXenes for multi-sensing-memory-computing function and multi-task emotion recognition, which integrates triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and transistor in a single device with the simple configuration of vertical organic field effect transistor (VOFET). The tribo-potential is found to be able to tune ionic migration in insulating layer and Schottky barrier height at the MXene/semiconductor interface, and thus modulate the conductive channel between MXene and drain electrode. Meanwhile, the sensing sensitivity can be significantly improved by 711 times over the single TENG device, and the VTT exhibits excellent multi-sensing-memory-computing function. Importantly, based on this function, the multi-sensing integration and multi-model emotion recognition are constructed, which improves the emotion recognition accuracy up to 94.05% with reliability. This simple structure and self-powered VTT device exhibits high sensitivity, high efficiency and high accuracy, which provides application prospects in future human-mechanical interaction, IOT and high-level intelligence.
Dual fluorination of polymer electrolyte and conversion-type cathode for high-capacity all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Hu Jiulin , Lai Chuanzhong , Chen Keyi , Wu Qingping , Gu Yuping , Wu Chenglong , Li Chilin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAll-solid-state batteries are appealing electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high energy content and safety. However, their practical development is hindered by inadequate cycling performances due to poor reaction reversibility, electrolyte thickening and electrode passivation. Here, to circumvent these issues, we propose a fluorination strategy for the positive electrode and solid polymeric electrolyte. We develop thin laminated all-solid-state Li||FeF3 lab-scale cells capable of delivering an initial specific discharge capacity of about 600 mAh/g at 700 mA/g and a final capacity of about 200 mAh/g after 900 cycles at 60 °C. We demonstrate that the polymer electrolyte containing AlF3 particles enables a Li-ion transference number of 0.67 at 60 °C. The fluorinated polymeric solid electrolyte favours the formation of ionically conductive components in the Li metal electrode’s solid electrolyte interphase, also hindering dendritic growth. Furthermore, the F-rich solid electrolyte facilitates the Li-ion storage reversibility of the FeF3-based positive electrode and decreases the interfacial resistances and polarizations at both electrodes.