bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology, characteristics, and outcomes of patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure in Australia
Authors: Chetwood John David , Sabih Abdul‐Hamid , Chan Karen , Salimi Shirin , Sheiban Alexander , Lin Elton , Chin Simone , Gu Bonita , Sastry Vinay , Coulshed Andrew , Tsoutsman Tatiana , Bowen David G. , Majumdar Avik , Strasser Simone I. , McCaughan Geoffrey W. , Liu Ken 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is distinct from acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis in its clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and prognosis. There are limited published Australian ACLF data.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective cohort study of all adults with cirrhosis admitted with a decompensating event to a liver transplantation (LT) centre between 2015 and 2020. ACLF was defined using the European Association for the Study of the Liver‐Chronic Liver Failure (EASL‐CLIF) definition while those who did not meet the definition were classified as AD. The primary outcome of interest was 90‐day LT‐free survival.ResultsA total of 615 patients had 1039 admissions for a decompensating event. On their index admission, 34% (209/615) of patients were classified as ACLF. Median admission model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) and MELD‐Na scores were higher in ACLF patients compared with AD (21 vs 17 and 25 vs 20 respectively, both P < 0.001). Both the presence and severity of ACLF (grade ≥ 2) significantly predicted worse LT‐free survival compared with patients with AD. The EASL‐CLIF ACLF score (CLIF‐C ACLF), MELD and MELD‐Na scores performed similarly in predicting 90‐day mortality. Patients with index ACLF had a higher risk of 28‐day mortality (28.1% vs 5.1%, P < 0.001) and shorter times to readmission compared with those with AD.ConclusionACLF complicates over a third of hospital admissions for cirrhosis with decompensating events and is associated with a high short‐term mortality. The presence and grade of ACLF predicts 90‐day mortality and should be identified as those at greatest risk of poor outcome without intervention such as LT.
Modeling of Nonlinear Growth to Improve the Accuracy of Identification Decision Rules
Authors: Finch W. Holmes , Finch Maria E. Hernández , Avery Brooke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProgress monitoring using curriculum‐based measures administered to a student at multiple points in time is common in educational settings. Recent research has demonstrated that common approaches to identifying individuals in need of special services, such as the trend line or median techniques, can be negatively impacted by the nonlinear change in scores over time. The purpose of this study was to test and demonstrate a nonlinear regression model for adjusting the linear trend line for the presence of such nonlinearities, thereby improving the accuracy of common methods for identifying students in need of special services. Results demonstrated that use of this nonlinear model improved the accuracy of common methods for identifying students in need of special services.
Treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis with adjunctive nebulized amphotericin B (MUCONAB trial): Results of an open‐label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Muthu Valliappan , Gogineni Ratnakara Rao , Agarwal Ritesh , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Dhooria Sahajal , Aggarwal Ashutosh N. , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash Mandya , Singh Harkant , Garg Mandeep , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe role of nebulized amphotericin B (NAB) in managing pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is unknown.MethodsIn this open‐label trial, we randomized PM subjects to receive either intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (control arm, 3–5 mg/kg/day) alone or along with nebulized amphotericin B deoxycholate (NAB, 10 mg twice a day, every alternate day). The primary outcomes were: (1) overall response (‘success’ [complete or partial response] or ‘failure’ [stable disease, progressive disease, or death]) at 6 weeks; and (2) the proportion of subjects with adverse events (AE). The key secondary outcome was 90‐day mortality. We performed a modified intention‐to‐treat (mITT) analysis where we included only subjects receiving at least a single dose of NAB.ResultsFifteen and 17 subjects were randomized to the control and NAB arms; two died before the first dose of NAB. Finally, we included 30 subjects (15 in each arm; mean age 49.8 years; 80% men) for the mITT analysis. Diabetes mellitus (n = 27; 16/27 were COVID‐19‐associated PM) was the most common predisposing factor. The overall treatment success was not significantly different between the control and the NAB arms (71.4% vs. 53.3%; p = .45). Twenty‐nine subjects experienced any AE, but none discontinued treatment. The 90‐day mortality was not significantly different between the control (28.6%) and NAB arm (53.3%; p = .26).ConclusionAdjunctive NAB was safe but did not improve overall response at 6 weeks. A different dosing schedule or nebulized liposomal amphotericin B may still need evaluation. More research is needed to explore other treatment options for PM.
Rising vapor‐pressure deficit increases nitrogen fixation in a legume crop
Authors: Monnens Daniel , Denison R. Ford , Sadok Walid 
Published: April 2023

Summary

Atmospheric vapor‐pressure deficit (VPD) is increasing in many regions and has a large impact on plant productivity. A VPD increase leads to raising transpiration rate (TR) and soil‐water demand, risking productivity penalties. Like water, nitrogen is critical to productivity, but the effect of VPD on legume nitrogen fixation is undocumented.

To address this, we developed a portable system for quantifying nitrogen fixation noninvasively and at a high temporal resolution by tracking the rate of hydrogen gas evolution by root nodules. Combining field and controlled‐environment experiments where we measured leaf gas exchange and H2 production by nodules, we confirmed the ability of the system to track nitrogen fixation dynamics.

Raising VPD from 0.5 to 3 kPa within c. 2.5 h under well‐watered conditions increased nitrogen fixation by up to 25% in addition to TR, consistent with the hypothesis that raising VPD in that range might have alleviated nitrogenase feedback inhibition. Genotypic differences were found in this response, indicating a potential for breeding.

Our study provides evidence for an important environmental effect on nitrogen fixation that is not taken into account in current crop and vegetation models, pointing to untapped avenues for better understanding climate change effects on legumes and nitrogen cycling.
Reduction of left ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients with permanent pacemakers as a predictor of heart failure and mortality outcomes
Authors: Manocha Kevin , Kandola Manjinder S. , Kalil Ramsey , Sciria Christopher , Bassil Guillaume , Patel Nishi , Lerman Bruce B. , Kim Jiwon , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Cheung Jim W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionFrequent right ventricular (RV) pacing is associated with cardiomyopathy. The impact of RV pacing on left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and clinical outcomes is unclear.MethodsWe analyzed GLS via two‐dimensional speckle tracking and LV ejection fraction (EF) on pre‐ and post‐implantation transthoracic echocardiograms of patients undergoing dual chamber pacemaker implantation. We collected long‐term data on strain, LVEF, and clinical outcomes.ResultsOne hundred and ten patients (mean age 76 ± 12 years; 59 [54%] female) were followed for mean 23 ± 17 months. Mean baseline LVEF was 58 ± 11% and mean GLS was −17 ± 4%. Twenty‐four (22%) patients had an absolute decrease in LVEF > 10% and 43 (39%) patients had a relative reduction of GLS > 15%. Among patients with a reduction of GLS, a larger proportion of patients had RV pacing burden ≥20% (67% vs. 46%; p = .048). Compared to patients without GLS reduction, more patients with a reduction in GLS reached a composite endpoint of HF hospitalization, CRT upgrade or death (47% vs. 16%; p = .001).ConclusionReduction in LV GLS was seen in nearly four in 10 patients undergoing pacemaker implantation and was significantly associated with increased RV pacing burden. LV GLS reduction was associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes. LV GLS may have utility in predicting outcomes among patients with RV pacing.
Pandemic Roller‐Coaster? Birth Trends in Higher‐Income Countries During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Sobotka Tomáš , Zeman Kryštof , Jasilioniene Aiva , Winkler‐Dworak Maria , Brzozowska Zuzanna , Alustiza‐Galarza Ainhoa , Németh László , Jdanov Dmitri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe use monthly birth data collected by the Human Fertility Database to analyze the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on birth trends until September 2022 in 38 higher‐income countries. We also present estimates of the monthly total fertility rate adjusted for seasonality. Our analysis reveals that the pandemic led to distinct swings in births and fertility rates. The initial pandemic shock was associated with a fall in births in most countries, with the sharpest drop in January 2021. Next, birth rates showed a short‐term recovery in March 2021, following the conceptions after the end of the first wave of the pandemic. Most countries reported a stable or slightly increasing number of births in the subsequent months, especially in autumn 2021. Yet another, quite unexpected, downturn in births started in January 2022, linked with the conceptions in spring 2021 when the pandemic measures were mostly eased out and vaccination was gaining momentum. Taken together and contrary to some initial expectations, the coronavirus pandemic did not bring a lasting “baby bust” in most of the analyzed countries. Especially the Nordic countries, the Netherlands, Germany, and the United States experienced an improvement in their birth dynamics in 2021 compared with the prepandemic period.
No evidence of age‐related decline in propagated Acer pseudoplatanus and Fraxinus excelsior plants
Authors: Zheng Tong , Mencuccini Maurizio , Abdul‐Hamid Hazandy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough a substantial body of evidence suggests that large and old trees have reduced metabolic levels, the search for the causes behind this observation has proved elusive. The strong coupling between age and size, commonly encountered in the field, precludes the isolation of the potential causes. We used standard propagation techniques (grafting and air‐layering) to decouple the effects of size from those of age in affecting leaf structure, biochemistry and physiology of two broadleaved trees, Acer pseudoplatanus (a diffuse‐porous species) and Fraxinus excelsior (a ring‐porous species). The first year after establishment of the propagated plants, some of the measurements suggested the presence of age‐related declines in metabolism, while other measurements either did not show any difference or suggested variability across treatments not associated with either age or size. During the second year after establishment, only one of the measured properties (specific leaf area) continued to show some evidence of an age‐mediated decline (although much reduced compared to the field), whereas, for some properties (particularly for F. excelsior), even the opposite trend of age‐related increases was apparent. We concluded that (1) our plants suffered from grafting shock during year 1 and they gradually recovered during year 2; (2) the results over 2 years do not support the statement that age directly mediates ageing in either species but instead suggest that size directly mediates ageing processes; and (3) neither shoots nor roots of A. pseudoplatanus showed any evidence of senescence.
The role of long‐distance mobile metabolites in the plant stress response and signaling
Authors: Cai Jianghua , Li Dongqi , Aharoni Asaph 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYPlants developed sophisticated mechanisms to perceive environmental stimuli and generate appropriate signals to maintain optimal growth and stress responses. A fascinating strategy employed by plants is the use of long‐distance mobile signals which can trigger local and distant responses across the entire plant. Some metabolites play a central role as long‐distance mobile signals allowing plants to communicate across tissues and mount robust stress responses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the various long‐distance mobile metabolites and their functions in stress response and signaling pathways. We also raise questions with respect to how we can identify new mobile metabolites and engineer them to improve plant health and resilience.
A natural non‐synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in GmbHLH113 negates its inhibitory effect on root hair elongation in soybean
Authors: Duan Shaowei , Li Man‐Wah , Niu Yongchao , Huang Cheng , Hang Jiayi , Shi Da , Man Chun‐Kuen , Chow Martha L. , Wong Fuk‐Ling , Chung Gyuhwa , Lam Hon‐Ming 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYRoot hair length (RHL) is an important character that affects nutrient acquisition in plants. The regulatory network in soybean controlling RHL is yet to be fully understood. In this study, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) regulating RHL. One candidate causal gene in this QTL (GmbHLH113), preferentially expressed in root hairs, was annotated as encoding a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor. In wild soybeans, the allelic type of GmbHLH113 with a glycine in the 13th residue, which was associated with a reduction in RHL, was shown to localize in the nucleus and activate gene transcription. Another allelic type with a single nucleotide polymorphism that resulted in a glutamate in the 13th residue is fixed in cultivated soybeans, and it lost the ability to localize to the nucleus or negatively regulate RHL. The ectopic expression of GmbHLH113 from W05 in Arabidopsis root hairs resulted in shorter RHL and reduced phosphorus (P) accumulation in shoots. Hence, a loss‐of‐function allele in cultivated soybeans might have been selected during domestication due to its association with a longer RHL and improved nutrient acquisition.
Retrospective evaluation of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs and cats (2000–2021): 31 cases
Authors: Nemi Jacqueline R. , Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the clinical features of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE), etiology, and outcome in dogs and cats. The study also aimed to evaluate associations with mortality.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsThirty dogs and 1 cat, all client owned.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsData collected included animal characteristics, clinical history, evaluation of oxygenation, radiographic features, treatments, and outcomes. Causes of NCPE included upper airway obstruction, electrocution, drowning, neurogenic etiology, and unknown. The etiology was known in 21 of 31 cases (68%), while the etiology of the remaining 10 cases (32%) was classified as unknown. The most common cause for NCPE was upper airway obstruction, found in 14 of 31 cases (45%). The majority of thoracic radiographs showed a mixed interstitial‐to‐alveolar pulmonary pattern with a diffuse distribution (52%). Oxygen therapy was administered to 27 dogs (90%). Furosemide was administered to 12 dogs (40%). The median duration of hospitalization was 48 hours (range: 1–192). Twenty‐three animals (74%) survived to discharge. Six dogs were mechanically ventilated, with only 2 of them (33%) surviving to discharge. The requirement for mechanical ventilation was the only parameter associated with mortality (P = 0.03).ConclusionsNCPE is a heterogenous disease process that is most common in dogs. There are a variety of causes, but upper airway obstruction appears to be the most common. The overall prognosis is good in animals that do not require mechanical ventilation.
Challenges and alternatives for unmanned underwater vehicular research in the Amazon basin: Towards a more sustainable management of water resources and the environment
Authors: Fontes Jassiel V. H. , da Silva Eliana Brandão , Silva Rodolfo , Amiri Mojtaba Maali , Mendoza Edgar , Maia Harlysson W. S. , Hernández Irving D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Amazon basin is one of the largest hydrographic systems in the world, possessing a great diversity of natural resources in need of more sustainable water and environmental management. However, as much of what lies beneath the surface of Amazonian waters is still unexplored, underwater exploration technologies are seen as a means of research and monitoring. The present work therefore aims to answer two research questions: What are the current technologies that could be implemented for unmanned underwater research in the Amazon waters? What are the main limitations and existing alternatives for using unmanned underwater vehicles in the rivers of this region to provide more sustainable water and environment management? Our results demonstrate that remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are possible options in the short and long terms, respectively. The main challenges in implementing these technologies are related to the variations in hydraulic geometry, current velocities and turbidity of the rivers, as well as the preservation of the region's biodiversity. This research can be taken as a starting point for planners and decision makers seeking more sustainable underwater and environmental exploration of the Amazon river system.
El bienestar de la vivienda en las ciudades. El caso del istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca
Authors: Miguel Velasco Andrés Enrique , Santamaría Cruz Erendira Isaura , García Cruz Lizbeth Fabiola , Romero Rodríguez Karina 
Published: April 2023

Se estudia la vivienda adecuada, sustentable y saludable en once ciudades del istmo de Tehuantepec oaxaqueño mayores a 15 000 habitantes, pues sus espacios familiares y colectivos requieren atención. Objetivo: analizar el bienestar de la vivienda en las ciudades del istmo de Tehuantepec. Hipótesis: las viviendas proporcionan un alto nivel de bienestar, favoreciendo el desarrollo sustentable de las ciudades de la región. Metodología: combina el análisis FODA con el análisis cuantitativo estadístico y de redes de índices con información documental. Resultados: la vivienda se asocia estadísticamente fuerte con el desarrollo sustentable, sus fortalezas predominan sobre sus debilidades en las pequeñas, medianas y grandes ciudades, pero muestran un bajo nivel de bienestar y el nivel de desarrollo sustentable alcanzado en las ciudades es bajo. Conclusiones: existe alta vulnerabilidad derivada de la vivienda para la población; todas las ciudades del istmo de Tehuantepec requieren de apoyos para fortalecerla en todas sus dimensiones
Time Decay in the Performance Benefits From Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia in World-Class Short-Track Speed Skaters
Authors: Deguire Simon , Billaut François , Bieuzen François 
Published: April 2023

Purpose: In short-track speed skating, athletes need to possess specific physiological capabilities to perform explosive starts and to finish races with faster lap times than their opponents. Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) can enhance repeated-sprint ability and high-intensity performance. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between on- and off-ice performance indicators for training and testing purposes and how these are optimized with RSH in world-class short-track speed skaters including world and Olympic champions. Methods: RSH training was administered for 3 consecutive weeks, 3 times per week, at 3500 m of simulated altitude. Testing sessions (on-ice: 3-lap, 27-lap; off-ice: cycling incremental test, 7-s and 30-s Wingate) were performed immediately before and 2 and 4 weeks after RSH to determine the time course of decay. Results: On-ice top speed showed a small and possibly beneficial change of ∼0.9% for the women and large and almost certain ∼0.7% improvement for the men 2 weeks post-RSH. Cycling peak power showed a moderate and probable ∼5.4% improvement for the men 2 weeks after RSH. These adaptations reverted to baseline 4 weeks post-RSH. Wingate average power showed a small and possibly beneficial gain (∼3.4%) in performance 4 weeks post-RSH. Conclusion: Although scientific controls could not be added due to the extremely high caliber of these athletes and low sample size of the national team, this study suggests that cycling RSH can be added immediately after on-ice training and can transfer into meaningful improvements on the ice in both male and female skaters.
Can You Tell Who Scores? An Assessment of the Recognition of Affective States Based on the Nonverbal Behavior of Amateur Tennis Players in Competitive Matches
Authors: Fritsch Julian , Seiler Kirstin , Wagner Matthias , Englert Chris , Jekauc Darko 
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the recognition of tennis players’ affective state associated with their nonverbal behavior would be influenced by (a) the importance of the situation, (b) the point outcome, and (c) the tennis expertise of the observer. Two hundred sixty-nine participants (Mage = 30.51 years; 116 female; 79 tennis club members) watched video excerpts showing the nonverbal behavior of amateur tennis players during competitive matches immediately after the end of a rally and were asked to estimate whether the player had just won or lost the point. Results indicate that the recognition rates were higher for situations closer to the end of a game, closer to the end of a set, and with a tighter score during a game. Moreover, recognition rates were higher for lost than for won points, while the tennis expertise of participants had no influence on the recognition rates.
Mechanical weakening of a mudrock seal by reaction with CO2-charged fluids
Authors: Busch Andreas , Hangx Suzanne , Vialle Stephanie , Rizzo Roberto Emanuele , Kampman Niko 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The long-term interaction of CO2-charged fluids with low permeability cap rocks is important for seal integrity assessment. To address this potential risk, we studied long-term geomechanical changes in a reservoir seal due to fluid-rock interactions with CO2-charged fluids, focusing on a natural CO2 analogue near Green River, Utah, USA. The observed chemo-mechanical changes are on the millimeter scale, which required small-scale petrophysical, mineralogical, and micromechanical analyses. Results showed that over the 7 cm thick reaction front, the low permeability cap rock underwent mechanical weakening, as indicated by indentation tests. This weakening is inferred to be due to dissolution of dolomite and hematite, with the former leading to porosity decrease, as shown by small-angle neutron scattering, while the latter likely led to loss of electrostatic forces between the clay particles. This resulted in loss of cohesion, compaction, and formation of bedding-parallel fractures. Microfracturing occurred in situ, as evidenced by fractures infilled with pyrite and gypsum. This study demonstrates that mechanical weakening of cap rocks might occur, but only over time scales of ~100,000 yr and over small distances. Considering the thickness of cap rocks above CO2 storage reservoirs, we do not anticipate a considerable threat of losing containment integrity over time scales of hundreds to thousands of years as a result of these small-scale fluid-rock interactions.