bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whitehead’s Organic Conception of Humanity. Beyond Mechanistic Philosophy in an Age of Transhumanism
Authors: Zolcer Štefan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
There are several conceptions of man in the history of philosophy. However, two considerable tendencies are recurring throughout modern history. A human being can be perceived as a complex mechanism or as a living organism. The response to the query has essential consequences in different areas. The article aims to provide a view of humankind that builds upon an organic conception of life, nature, and human beings, especially as elaborated by A. N. Whitehead and some of his followers. The article also briefly examines the emergence and development of a mechanistic view. The historical overview exposes the close relationship between the worldview of a given era and the understanding of man. Finally, the article argues that the organic conceptions of life developed in the first half of the 20th century provide an essential alternative to mechanistic views and could help us to deal with several problems we are currently encountering.
Comparison between various dispersion compensation schemes in optical fiber communication system
Authors: Jihad Noor J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, the optical fiber communication system has great importance in the communication area. Although the optical fiber communication system has many favorable circumstances, the dispersion was considered one of the main problems. In this paper, the comparison between the design and simulation of different dispersion compensation schemes was displayed. There are different kinds of optical fiber dispersion compensation systems such as fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) are extensively used for optical communication systems. They are usually considered imperative techniques to compensate for the dispersion. The simulation results have been analyzed depending on various parameters by utilizing advanced Opti-System software. The best performance of the system is when the bit error rate (BER) reaches to 1.7 × 10−12 at 1550 nm wavelength and the Q-factor is 6.9 at the 0.000195 eye opening. The modal was simulated using the appropriate parameters which include CW laser wavelength, fiber length (km), and attenuation coefficient (dB/km) at the transmitter side. Three various parameters were tested such as BER, Q factor, and eye-opening.
A survey on machine learning schemes for fiber nonlinearity mitigation in radio over fiber system
Authors: Jain Vishal , Bhatia Richa 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The fifth generation is the most recent generation of communication needed for high data rates. High spectrum availability, low jitter, high reliability, minimal latency, and increased capacity are just a few benefits of 5th generation. Optical fiber supports the 5G network’s backhaul to meet the enhanced capacity and big data rate requirements. When the fiber is used as a propagation medium, a significant number of nonlinearities manifest. These nonlinearity effects in optical fiber communication are among the most detrimental to modern communication systems because it results in various modulator distortions like phase, harmonic, and intermodulation, distortion, adjoining channel noise, and many more undesirable consequences. The primary fiber nonlinear effects in the radio over fiber communication systems are the Kerr nonlinearity and scattering effects, which are caused by alterations in refractive index as a result of the signal. To overcome these limits, several strategies have been put forth. In particular, the nonlinearity during signal modulation, transmission, and detection has attracted a lot of study attention due to the complex physical layer restrictions in RoF systems. One such fascinating potential is machine learning (ML) methods. In this article, we look at recent advances in ML methods for RoF systems, notably those that use ML models to reduce various types of impairments and improve system performance.
Fast tunable metamaterial liquid crystal achromatic waveplate
Authors: Abu Aisheh Majd , Abutoama Mohammad , Abuleil Marwan J. , Abdulhalim Ibrahim 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Photonic metamaterials combined with liquid crystals (LCs) for tunability is a great niche for building miniature devices with high performance such as fast flat tunable lenses, tunable filters, and waveplates. Sub-wavelength or nano-grating surfaces are homogenized to uniaxial waveplates with negative birefringence of unique dispersion when the period is less than the wavelength by at least a few times. This uniaxial metasurface, combined with the LC layer, is shown to act as a tunable retardation achromatic waveplate with 8 μm thick LC layer operating over wide spectral and angular ranges, as compared to using two nematic liquid crystal (NLC) retarders of thicknesses on the order of 30–60 μm, when no metasurface is used. Hence the device becomes miniature and 50× faster due to the thinner liquid crystal layer. The silicon nano-grating of 351 nm pitch and 0.282 fill factor is designed and fabricated to operate in the short-wave infrared range (SWIR). Switching between three achromatic retardation levels: full-, half-, and quarter-waveplates is accomplished by changing the applied voltages on the NLC cell with a switching time of a few milliseconds. This device has applications in fast broadband shutters, low coherence phase shift interferometry, ellipso-polarimetry, dynamic control of light intensity, and smart windows.
Towards a unified representation of linguistic meaning
Authors: Mondal Prakash 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNatural language meaning has properties of both cognitive representations and formal/mathematical structures. But it is not clear how they actually relate to one another. The central aim of this article is to show that properties of cognitive representations and formal/mathematical structures of natural language meaning, albeit apparently divergent, can be united, as far as the basic properties of semantic structures are concerned. Thus, this article will formulate the form of unified representations for semantic structures. With this goal, this article takes into account standard formal-semantic representations and also Discourse Representation Theory (DRT) representations on the one hand and semantic representations in different versions of Conceptual/Cognitive Semantics (Jackendoff’s, Langacker’s and Talmy’s approaches to Conceptual/Cognitive Semantics) and representations of Mental Spaces (Fauconnier’s approach) on the other hand. The rationale behind the selection of these approaches is that the representations of semantic structures under these approaches are all amenable to unification. It must be emphasized that showing that the representations of semantic structures under these approaches can be unified does not simply amount to unifying these theories/approaches in toto. Rather, it is to demonstrate that cognitive representations and formal/mathematical structures can be shown to be inter-translatable for at least some accounts of linguistic meaning.
Immobilization of α-amylase from Aspergillus fumigatus using adsorption method onto zeolite
Authors: Yandri Yandri , Ropingi Hendri , Suhartati Tati , Irawan Bambang , Hadi Sutopo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The stability of enzymes which play an important role as biocatalysts in many industrial processes is a persistent challenge with significant impact on production costs. In this study, improvement of the stability of α-amylase obtained from Aspergillus fumigatus
was attempted by immobilizing the enzyme onto zeolite using adsorption method. For purification, the isolated enzyme was subsequently subjected to centrifugation, fractionation, and dialysis. The native enzyme was found to have an optimum temperature of 50 °C, while the immobilized enzyme, the optimum temperature of 60 °C was found. The immobilized enzyme was found to have the K
M value of 11.685 ± 0.183 mg mL−1 substrate and V
max of 1.406 ± 0.049 μmol mL−1 min−1, while for the native enzyme, the K
M value of 3.478 ± 0.271 mg mL−1 substrate and the V
max of 2.211 ± 0.096 μmol mL−1 min−1 were obtained. Furthermore, the immobilized enzyme displays the ΔGi of 106.76 ± 0.00 kJ mol−1 and t
½ of 90.40 ± 0.00 min, while the native enzyme, the values obtained are ΔGi of 104.35 ± 1.09 kJ mol−1 and t½ of 38.75 ± 1.53 min. As can be seen, the t
½ of immobilized enzyme is 2.38 times longer than that of native enzyme, justifying a very significant stability enhancement of the enzyme as a result of. Another important finding is that the immobilized α-amylase enzyme was able to retain its activity as high as 13.80 ± 1.19% activity after five cycles, indicating its potential for industrial use.
Loading Rate of Fracture Toughness Tests in Transition Regime
Authors: Lambrecht Marlies , Schuurmans Johan , Scibetta Marc 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
ASTM E1921-21, Standard Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T0, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range, contains a limitation on the stress intensity factor loading rate (K˙) for the quasistatic loading. The specimens should be loaded at a rate such that K˙ during the initial elastic portion is between 0.1 and 2 MPa√m/s. However, based on recent improvements in the test technique, it should be possible to narrow the loading rate range in order to reduce variability and have more comparable results between laboratories. For all users to be able to achieve the reduced range, clear guidelines are needed, which are not yet available. The Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN) has extensive experience in fracture toughness testing and has constructed a large database on which statistical studies were performed. This paper illustrates, using the SCK CEN database, that Wallin’s theoretical displacement formulas can only be used in the case in which the compliance of the testing setup is taken into account. An improved equation is proposed, guidelines for implementing the equation are drawn up, and these are verified using the database. It is clear that the methodology is sufficiently robust to provide an average loading rate within the suggested range of 0.5 and 2 MPa√m/s. This methodology could thus be integrated into the testing standard ASTM E1921-21.
Manipulating the Rapid Consolidation Periods in a Learning Task Affects General Skills More than Statistical Learning and Changes the Dynamics of Learning
Authors: Szücs-Bencze Laura , Fanuel Lison , Szabó Nikoletta , Quentin Romain , Nemeth Dezso , Vékony Teodóra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMemory consolidation processes have traditionally been investigated from the perspective of hours or days. However, recent developments in memory research have shown that memory consolidation processes could occur even within seconds, possibly because of the neural replay of just practiced memory traces during short breaks. Here, we investigate this rapid form of consolidation during statistical learning. We aim to answer (1) whether this rapid consolidation occurs in implicit statistical learning and general skill learning, and (2) whether the duration of rest periods affects these two learning types differently. Human participants performed a widely used statistical learning task—the alternating serial reaction time (ASRT) task—that enables us to measure implicit statistical and general skill learning separately. The ASRT task consisted of 25 learning blocks with a rest period between the blocks. In a between-subjects design, the length of the rest periods was fixed at 15 or 30 s, or the participants could control the length themselves. We found that the duration of rest periods does not affect the amount of statistical knowledge acquired but does change the dynamics of learning. Shorter rest periods led to better learning during the learning blocks, whereas longer rest periods promoted learning also in the between-block rest periods, possibly because of the higher amount of replay. Moreover, we found weaker general skill learning in the self-paced group than in the fixed rest period groups. These results suggest that distinct learning processes are differently affected by the duration of short rest periods.
Persistent Neuroadaptations in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Accompany Incubation of Methamphetamine Craving in Male and Female Rats
Authors: Funke Jonathan R. , Hwang Eun-Kyung , Wunsch Amanda M. , Baker Raines , Engeln Kimberley A. , Murray Conor H. , Milovanovic Mike , Caccamise Aaron J. , Wolf Marina E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRelapse is a major problem in treating methamphetamine use disorder. “Incubation of craving” during abstinence is a rat model for persistence of vulnerability to craving and relapse. While methamphetamine incubation has previously been demonstrated in male and female rats, it has not been demonstrated after withdrawal periods greater than 51 d and most mechanistic work used males. Here, we address both gaps. First, although methamphetamine intake was higher in males during self-administration training (6 h/d × 10 d), incubation was similar in males and females, with “incubated” craving persisting through withdrawal day (WD)100. Second, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core, we assessed synaptic levels of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs), as their elevation is required for expression of incubation in males. In both sexes, compared with saline-self-administering controls, CP-AMPAR levels were significantly higher in methamphetamine rats across withdrawal, although this was less pronounced in WD100–135 rats than WD15–35 or WD40–75 methamphetamine rats. We also examined membrane properties and NMDA receptor (NMDAR) transmission. In saline controls, MSNs from males exhibited lower excitability than females. This difference was eliminated after incubation because of increased excitability of MSNs from males. NMDAR transmission did not differ between sexes and was not altered after incubation. In conclusion, incubation persists for longer than previously described and equally persistent CP-AMPAR plasticity in NAc core occurs in both sexes. Thus, abstinence-related synaptic plasticity in NAc is similar in males and females although other methamphetamine-related behaviors and neuroadaptations show differences.
The Determinants of Healthy Food Consumption Behaviour during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sumaedi Sik , Sumardjo Sumardjo , Saleh Amiruddin , Syukri Agus Fanar 
Published: February 2023

This research investigated the determinants of healthy food consumption behaviour (HFCB) during Covid-19 pandemic. More specifically, this research aimed to test the effect of digital health communication media usage, e-health literacy, the perceived threat of Covid-19, perceived benefit of HFCB related to Covid-19, attitude toward HFCB, healthy food extension education intensity, healthy food affordability, and social influences - injunctive norm and descriptive norm â€“ on HFCB simultaneously. The data were collected through a survey with 249 respondents in the Tangerang City, Indonesia. A multiple regressions analysis was conducted to analyse the data. The research results showed that HFCB was significantly and positively influenced by attitude toward HFCB, digital health communication media usage, healthy food affordability, and descriptive norm. This research also revealed that HFCB was significantly and negatively influenced by perceived threat of Covid-19. However, perceived benefits of healthy food consumption, e-health literacy, healthy food extension education intensity, and injunctive norm did not pose an impact on HFCB.
Keywords: consumption behaviour, healthy food, Covid-19 pandemic, health education, digital communication
Hospitalists’ Perceptions of Pediatric Mental Health Boarding: Quality of Care and Moral Distress
Authors: Penwill Nicole Y. , Wong Christopher T. , Taylor Delaney B. , Freyleue Seneca D. , Bordogna Amy L. , Bode Ryan S. , Leyenaar JoAnna K. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Acute care hospitals increasingly provide care for youth experiencing mental health crises while they await transfer for psychiatric hospitalization. To inform quality improvement efforts, we aimed to characterize hospitalists’ perceptions of health care quality during pediatric mental health boarding and their experiences of moral distress in caring for this population.

Methods
In March 2021, we conducted a web-based survey of hospitalists who participate in the Pediatric Research in Inpatient Settings (PRIS) network. Closed- and open-ended questions queried the quality of care provided to youth during boarding and clinician experience of moral distress in caring for these youth. We iteratively coded qualitative data for emergent themes. Moral distress was measured using 11 items from the Measure of Moral Distress for Health Care Professionals (MMD-HP), which categorizes sources of moral distress into system-, team-, and patient-level factors.

Results
Eighty-eight of 111 PRIS site leaders (79%) and 76 of 383 other PRIS members (20%) responded, representing 12 community hospitals, 38 freestanding children’s hospitals, and 35 children’s hospitals in adult centers. Emergent themes related to health care quality included the following: access to psychiatric services; safety; standardized workflows; clinician training; compassion/patient engagement; and collaboration and disposition planning. Hospitals often lacked desired resources, resulting in poor perceived therapeutic value of care, limited patient engagement, and provider moral distress. Four of the 5 highest MMD-HP item scores were related to system-level factors.

Conclusion
Hospitalists identified several foci for quality improvement and described significant moral distress in caring for youth experiencing boarding, particularly related to health system factors.
The source value of early charters of uncertain chronological status in historical linguistics and onomastics
Authors: Szőke Melinda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the problem of the source value of charters from the point of view of research in linguistic history. Charters written in Latin often contain elements of the vulgar language (in this case, Hungarian). Only four authentic Hungarian charters have survived from the 11th century in their original form. Therefore, we have also included the non-authentic and non-original charters of the 11th century in our research over the recent decades.These charters may contain 4–5 chronological layers, and so our task is to separate them. Charters of uncertain status cannot be analysed using the same methodological principles as the authentic and original charters. This paper discusses the methodological principles that may facilitate the identification of the source value of these charters for historical linguistics. Although these principles are defined based on charters from Hungary, due to their universal nature a significant portion of them may also be used successfully in other regions of medieval European charter research.
DISAPPOINTMENT AND REGRETTING REPSENTATIONS IN DUNKIRK AND 1917 MOVIES
Authors: Sulaeman Dedi , Hanifah Anisa 
Published: February 2023

The aim of this research was to compare two movies that contain similar perceptions of psychological impact on war, disappointment and regret, from Dunkirk and 1917 movies. Disappointment and regretting arise between British soldiers in movies that were directed by Christopher Nolan and Sam Mendes, which coincidentally both of these films raised the setting in World War I and II. Therefore, this research uses literary criticism and comparative literature methods in examining Dunkirk (2017) and 1917 (2019), to produce both similarities and differences in the psychological and emotional impact on British soldiers. In addition, this research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach using Peirce’s sign semiotic analysis. The result of this research is that readers will be able to recognize the differences between the two movies from literary perspective and psychological review from the failures of war in Dunkirk (2017) and 1917 (2019). These two films ultimately interpret disappointment in almost the same way and regret in the form of the loss of a loved one. The behavior of people who experienced both psychological impacts also indicates similarities, sadness, annoyed, and angry. Keywords: disappointment, index, regretting, representations
Los gobiernos anfibios en contextos de conflicto
Authors: Giraldo Jiménez Fabio Humberto 
Published: February 2023

Este artículo explora la relación entre la búsqueda de la gobernabilidad en Colombia, la estrategia del gobierno de Álvaro Uribe Vélez y el hobbesianismo político, como ideología que ha servido de base para justificar soluciones extraordinarias en casos extraordinarios; a partir de ello se instala la pregunta: ¿estaremos entrando en una era de políticos anfibios que encarnan la ley pero que actúan por fuera de la misma? El artículo expone, de un lado, que el conflicto armado colombiano está cruzado por tres actores básicos: las guerrillas, los paramilitares y las bandas de narcotraficantes.De otro lado, plantea que se produce una economía emergente basada en nuevas formas de explotación de tierras —expropiadas a través del desplazamiento forzado— y en el lavado de dinero por medio de actividades comerciales. La tesis que defiende el autor es que la gobernabilidad del país se enfrenta tanto a la solución del conflicto armado como a la normalización de las riquezas emergentes, aspectos propuestos por el gobierno actual en su proyecto de reinstitucionalización del país para encarar esta difícil coyuntura. Se configura con ello un caso inusitado en la política, en el que el gobierno actual echa mano de recursos políticos y jurídicos extraordinarios para enfrentar situaciones extraordinarias.
Crisis política y alternativa democrática
Authors: Restrepo Riaza William 
Published: February 2023

La ubicación y definición teórica de nuestra realidad política como sociedad y Estado en crisis, ha conducido a una especie de explosión reflexiva y académica hacia la explicación del fenómeno desde distintos y complejos parámetros teóricos. En este articulo se hará una aproximación teórica a la relación del Estado en crisis, la democracia como alternativa de construcción histórica, el papel de la cultura política - para efecto de los obstáculos y peculiaridades que se pueden presentar respecto a la construcción de un ideal histórico democrático- y la ruptura y cambios necesarios para la construcción de una sociedad participativa, sustentada políticamente en la fuerza de la sociedad civil.
El iusnaturalismo en Colombia
Authors: Giraldo Jiménez Fabio Humberto 
Published: February 2023

Las Constituciones colombianas han sufrido de aquel tipo de enfermedades que ni matan ni curan. No porque hayan sido imperfectas o porque no se hayan cumplido, aunque las dos cosas han ocurrido. Se trata más bien de que nuestros problemas no se deban a las Constituciones. Además de la Constitución, hay que contar con el poder político: el del gobierno central, el de los mandos medios, el que representa el poder invisible de los grupos económicos y de los grupos de presión, entre otros. De estas formas subterráneas de ejercicio del poder, que son parte esencial de nuestra cultura política, una Constitución no dice nada. Porque sé que las formulas políticas tienden más a suscitar emociones que a promover soluciones, me preocupa que el optimismo sobre la Constitución, de la que se habla con tanto fervor, sea más que nada una propaganda producida por la necesidad de acomodar las nuevas circunstancias a los viejos intereses o, en el mejor de los casos, el producto de un optimismo fatuo.