bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ore is Gone, but the Silicosis Remains: Mining Health and Risk Perception in Portugal in first half of the 20th Century
Authors: Guimarães Paulo Eduardo 
Published: January 2023

The pattern of health risk perception among Portuguese mineworkers changed during the twentieth century, as did forms of state intervention and risk management. Up to the mid-20th century, mining accidents, risks and the need for sickness assistance promoted different healthcare models. Mining companies offered medical and pharmaceutical assistance, and, during the First Republic, the state introduced compulsory social insurance and other labour legislation. The health assistance offered by trade unions was integrated into the general health system during New State (1934–74). From the 1950s on, the legal struggle for recognition of silicosis as a debilitating occupational disease made mine owners accountable. This paper traces this historical experience, the significant path leading to the institutionalization of occupational medicine, health systems and social support in Portugal.
El patrón de percepción del riesgo para la salud entre los mineros portugueses cambió durante el siglo XX, al igual que las formas de intervención estatal y gestión del riesgo. Hasta mediados del siglo XX, los accidentes mineros, los riesgos y la necesidad de asistencia por enfermedad impulsaron diferentes modelos de salud. Las empresas mineras ofrecieron asistencia médica y farmacéutica y, durante la Primera República, el estado introdujo el Seguro Social Obligatorio y otras leyes laborales. La asistencia sanitaria ofrecida por los sindicatos se integró en el sistema general de salud durante el Estado Novo (1934-1974). De la década de 1950, la lucha legal por el reconocimiento de la silicosis como una enfermedad ocupacional debilitante hizo que los propietarios de las minas fueran responsables. Este artículo traza esta experiencia histórica, el camino significativo que conduce a la institucionalización de la medicina del trabajo, los sistemas de salud y el apoyo social en Portugal.
The Institutional Framework for Work in the Mines of Greece: Occupational Health and Safety and the case of Lead Poisoning (1861-1940)
Authors: Papastefanaki Leda 
Published: January 2023

The paper investigates the historical formation of the institutional framework for work in the mines, regarding occupational health and safety. In a second level, the article focusses on the medical discourse in Greece about the specific occupational disease of lead poisoning and the role played by the state, mining companies and doctors in the recognition of the disease. In the formation of this framework and the regulations gender has played an important role.
The definition of lead poisoning as an occupational disease given to the miners by specialist doctors was a political issue, which was determined in historical terms. Doctors used their scientific knowledge not only as a tool for the political economy of health, but also as a mean to combat the social question by reforms and total intervention in everyday life, work and leisure of the miners. In the case of the recognition of lead poisoning, a cultural confrontation which characterized the conflict between the educated middle class and the working class in Greece, since the end of 19th century, is apparent.
The sources used are mainly the legislation, state reports by the Inspectorate of Mines and medical reports.
El artículo investiga la formación histórica del marco institucional para el trabajo en las minas en Grecia, con respecto a la salud y seguridad ocupacional. En un segundo nivel, el artículo se centra en el discurso médico en Grecia sobre la enfermedad profesional específica del envenenamiento por plomo y el papel jugado por el Estado, las empresas mineras y los médicos en el reconocimiento de la enfermedad.La definición de la intoxicación por plomo como enfermedad profesional dada a los mineros por médicos especialistas fue una cuestión política, que se determinó en términos históricos. Los médicos utilizaron su conocimiento científico no sólo como herramienta para la economía política de la salud, sino también como medio para combatir la cuestión social mediante reformas e intervención total en la vida cotidiana, el trabajo y el ocio de los mineros. En el caso del reconocimiento del envenenamiento por plomo, se evidencia una confrontación cultural que caracterizó el conflicto entre la clase media culta y la clase obrera en Grecia, desde finales del siglo XIX.Las fuentes utilizadas son principalmente la legislación, informes estatales de la Inspección de Minas e informes médicos.
Discurso autocentrado en cuatro clases universitarias: estudio sustentado en los turnos de habla
Authors: Escalona Montes de Oca Ivy 
Published: January 2023

This study analyses speaking turns in the communicative process of university classes. Four pedagogical speeches were observed for fifty minutes and audio-recorded, and speaking turns were then categorised. Next, the information was interpreted applying the tenets of Discourse Analysis. The results derived from the corpus analysis show an interactive pattern without significant alterations: the lecturer explains and asks, the student listens and responds. The conclusions revolve around the characteristics of self-centered discourse and the need to transform academic environments through interactive, reflective and open higher-education pedagogical discourse.
El estudio se enfoca en el análisis de los turnos de habla dentro del proceso comunicativo de clases universitarias. Se observaron cuatro discursos pedagógicos durante cincuenta minutos, se grabaron en audio y se categorizaron los turnos de habla. Posteriormente se interpretó la información desde una mirada reflexiva, atendiendo a los postulados del Análisis del Discurso (AD). Los resultados derivados del análisis del corpus mantienen un patrón interactivo sin alteraciones significativas: el docente explica y pregunta, el estudiante escucha y responde. Las conclusiones proporcionan aseveraciones de la autora en cuanto a las características del discurso autocentrado y la necesidad de transformar los entornos académicos, a través de discursos pedagógicos universitarios interactivos, reflexivos y abiertos.
Distributividad recalcitrante y nombres colectivos
Authors: Fábregas Antonio 
Published: January 2023

Stubbornly distributive predicates are those that, combined with pluralities, apply only to the individuals and never to the whole (Estas cajas son largas - These boxes are long). These predicates can be combined with some mass nouns (arroz largo - long rice) if they contain discrete units, but, surprisingly, they do not easily produce the same reading with collective nouns (#alameda larga - #long grove). This article argues that this restriction is syntactically based: the position in which a distributive predicate has to be introduced interrupts the syntactic constituent formed by the collective noun, and not the one associated with a mass noun.
Los predicados recalcitrantemente distributivos son aquellos que, combinados con pluralidades, se aplican exclusivamente a los individuos particulares y nunca al conjunto (Estas cajas son largas). Estos predicados pueden combinarse con algunos nombres no contables o masa (arroz largo), si contienen unidades aislables, pero sorprendentemente nunca dan la misma lectura con nombres colectivos (#alameda larga). Este trabajo propone que esta restricción tiene una base sintáctica: la posición en la que ha de introducirse un predicado distributivo interrumpe el constituyente que forma el nombre colectivo, pero no el que se asocia a un nombre no contable.
Code for What?
Authors: Lee Clifford , Soep Elisabeth 
Published: January 2023

Coding for a purpose: helping young people combine journalism, data, design, and code to make media that makes a difference.
Educators are urged to teach “code for all”—to make a specialized field accessible for students usually excluded from it. In this book, Clifford Lee and Elisabeth Soep instead ask the question, “Code for what?” What if coding were a justice-driven medium for storytelling rather than a narrow technical skill? What if “democratizing” computer science went beyond the usual one-off workshop and empowered youth to create digital products for social impact? Lee and Soep answer these questions with stories of a diverse group of young people in Oakland, California, who combine journalism, data, design, and code to create media that makes a difference.
These teenage and young adult producers created interactive projects that explored gendered and racialized dress code policies in schools; designed tools for LBGTQ+ youth experiencing discrimination; investigated facial recognition software and what can be done about it; and developed a mobile app to promote mental health through self-awareness and outreach for support, and more, for distribution to audiences that could reach into the millions. Working with educators and media professionals at YR Media, an award-winning organization that helps young people from underserved communities build skills in media, journalism, and the arts, these teens found their own vibrant answers to “why code?” They code for insight, connection and community, accountability, creative expression, joy, and hope.
Spore Abundance and Morphology of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal under Conservation Agriculture
Authors: Singh Puja , Roy Aditi , Saha Niharendu 
Published: January 2023

Soil is full of microbial diversity and microbes present in soil interact diversely with other living form present in soil e.g., soil microbes and plants. These interactions range from symbiosis to parasitic. Among these, the most predominating mutualistic symbiotic relation is mycorrhiza (associated with ∼80% of terrestrial plant species), formed between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and vascular plants. An experiment was conducted under three cropping system rice-maize-cowpea (RMCp), rice-wheat-green gram (RWGg) and rice-cauliflower-bororice cropping (RCfBr) to study influence of three different tillage intensities i.e., CT (conventional tillage), RT (reduced tillage), and ZT (zero tillage) with five different levels of fertilizer and residue application, R1 (0%Residue & 100%RDF), R2(100%Residue & 50%RDF), R3 (100%Residue & 75%RDF), R4 (50%Residue & 100%RDF), R5 (50%Residue & 75%RDF), on AMF spore load and diversity.The experimental design followed was split plot with tillage was main plot treatment and residue as sub plot treatment. Result showed that AMF spores and diversity are significantly influenced of degree of soil disturbance under different tillage practices and cropping system in practice, however residue application imparted non-significant influence on AMF spore load and diversity. A significant lower spore count was observed under CT as degree of soil disturbance is excessive high under CT compared to RT and ZT. With respect to spore diversity, round (shape), brown (color) and free spores were predominating spore type. In reference to spore shape abundance sequence was round>spherical> oval while for spore color it was brown>yellow>hyaline and >90 % spore was free while attached spores were <5%. In case of AMF spore count influence of cropping system was more prominent compared to other factors (i.e., tillage and residue). In RMCp and RWGg, significant increase inspore count was observed compared to RCfBr cropping system. On second year of experimentation, in RCfBr cropping system a significant decline in spore number was detected due to inclusion of cauliflower which act as non-host of AMF. Hence to attain benefits associated with AMF to arable crop we must reduce level of soil disturbance and avoid crucifer crops in cropping system.
Funding by the Stock Exchange: Alternative or Decoy for Cameroonian’s Companies
Authors: Bello . 
Published: January 2023

The main objective of this study is to identify the factors that prevent Cameroonian companies from being listed on the Central African Stock Exchange (CASE), despite their difficulties in obtaining funding through bank loans. Based on semi-structured interviews conducted with six (06) managers of Cameroonian public companies, several factors blocking the listing of companies on the stock exchange were identified. Some of these factors are inherent to CASE itself and others are linked to the companies or public authorities.
By identifying these different factors that inhibit the willingness of companies to go public, this study makes a scientific contribution to the debate on corporate finance. It also fills a gap by shedding light on the contrast between the need to finance investments and the lack of interest in the financial market, even though these companies are faced with insufficient financial resources.
At the managerial level, the results obtained constitute a challenge for the Cameroonian public authorities, stock exchange authorities and business associations to work on supporting and encouraging companies to go public, but also to adapt the conditions of access to the stock exchange by taking into account local realities.
Use of Recalled Devices in New Device Authorizations Under the US Food and Drug Administration’s 510(k) Pathway and Risk of Subsequent Recalls
Authors: Kadakia Kushal T. , Dhruva Sanket S. , Caraballo César , Ross Joseph S. , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceIn the US, nearly all medical devices progress to market under the 510(k) pathway, which uses previously authorized devices (predicates) to support new authorizations. Current regulations permit manufacturers to use devices subject to a Class I recall—the FDA’s most serious designation indicating a high probability of adverse health consequences or death—as predicates for new devices. The consequences for patient safety are not known.ObjectiveTo determine the risk of a future Class I recall associated with using a recalled device as a predicate device in the 510(k) pathway.Design and SettingIn this cross-sectional study, all 510(k) devices subject to Class I recalls from January 2017 through December 2021 (index devices) were identified from the FDA’s annual recall listings. Information about predicate devices was extracted from the Devices@FDA database. Devices authorized using index devices as predicates (descendants) were identified using a regulatory intelligence platform. A matched cohort of predicates was constructed to assess the future recall risk from using a predicate device with a Class I recall.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDevices were characterized by their regulatory history and recall history. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated to compare the risk of future Class I recalls between devices descended from predicates with matched controls.ResultsOf 156 index devices subject to Class I recall from 2017 through 2021, 44 (28.2%) had prior Class I recalls. Predicates were identified for 127 index devices, with 56 (44.1%) using predicates with a Class I recall. One hundred four index devices were also used as predicates to support the authorization of 265 descendant devices, with 50 index devices (48.1%) authorizing a descendant with a Class I recall. Compared with matched controls, devices authorized using predicates with Class I recalls had a higher risk of subsequent Class I recall (6.40 [95% CI, 3.59-11.40]; P&amp;lt;.001).Conclusions and RelevanceMany 510(k) devices subjected to Class I recalls in the US use predicates with a known history of Class I recalls. These devices have substantially higher risk of a subsequent Class I recall. Safeguards for the 510(k) pathway are needed to prevent problematic predicate selection and ensure patient safety.
Integrated Microsystem Toward High‐Throughput Automated Green Synthesis and Raman Enhancement Performance Screening of Noble‐Metal@Cu‐MOF
Authors: Fan Chuan , Luo Yong , Tian Meng , Zhou Mengyun , Wang Lirong , Xu Tailin , Zhang Xueji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract“Green Synthesis” has been broadly applied in drug synthesis and nanomaterial preparation. The integration of automated micro‐synthesis and high‐throughput screening systems is a key way to achieve the goal of green manufacturing. Here, a one‐click green synthesis platform is designed that integrates droplets arrays‐based micro‐synthesis for Raman enhancement performance high‐throughput screening of MNPs@Cu‐MOF (AuNPs@, AgNPs@, PtNPs@Cu‐MOF) under room temperature and normal pressure. The fully integrated ultrasound units can achieve rapid multi‐component mixing in the droplet array systems, and significantly accelerate materials growth as well as enhance encapsulation of noble metal nanoparticles into Cu‐MOF structures. Based on such integrated systems, structures with high Raman enhancement performance can be high‐throughput evaluation and easily screened out. The results indicated that the AgNPs@Cu‐MOF exhibited the best Raman enhancement performance, which is ≈8 times higher than pure AgNPs. Such a green and integrated platform provides a way for automated multi‐type composites fabrication, which can be expanded to multiple fields in the future via combined robotic platforms and artificial intelligence technology.
3D Printing a Low‐Cost Miniature Accommodating Optical Microscope
Authors: Hai Rihan , Shao Guangbin , Ware Henry Oliver T. , Jones Evan Hunter , Sun Cheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis decade has witnessed the tremendous progress in miniaturizing optical imaging systems. Despite the advancements in 3D printing optical lenses at increasingly smaller dimensions, challenges remain in precisely manufacturing the dimensionally compatible optomechanical components and assembling them into a functional imaging system. To tackle this issue, the use of 3D printing to enable digitalized optomechanical component manufacturing, part‐count‐reduction design, and the inclusion of passive alignment features is reported here, all for the ease of system assembly. The key optomechanical components of a penny‐sized accommodating optical microscope are 3D printed in 50 min at a significantly reduced unit cost near $4. By actuating a built‐in voice‐coil motor, its accommodating capability is validated to focus on specimens located at different distances, and a focus‐stacking function is further utilized to greatly extend depth of field. The microscope can be readily customized and rapidly manufactured to respond to task‐specific needs in form factor and optical characteristics.
Stretchable Electrodes Based on Over‐Layered Liquid Metal Networks
Authors: Han Seungseok , Kim Kyungmin , Lee Sang Yeon , Moon Seongjun , Lee Jung‐Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLiquid metals are attractive materials for stretchable electronics owing to their high electrical conductivity and near‐zero Young's modulus. However, the high surface tension of liquid metals makes it difficult to form films. A novel stretchable film is proposed based on an over‐layered liquid‐metal network. An intentionally oxidized interfacial layer helps to construct uninterrupted indium and gallium nanoclusters and produces additional electrical pathways between the two metal networks under mechanical deformation. The films exhibit gigantic negative piezoresistivity (G‐NPR), which decreased the resistance up to 85% during the first 50% stretching. This G‐NPR property is due to the rupture of the metal oxides, which allows the formation of liquid eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) and the connection of the over‐layered networks to build new electrical paths. The electrodes exhibiting G‐NPR are complementarily combined with conventional electrodes to amplify their performance or achieve some unique operations.
Achieving Fast Charge Separation by Ferroelectric Ultrasonic Interfacial Engineering for Rapid Sonotherapy of Bacteria‐Infected Osteomyelitis
Authors: Li Jianfang , Liu Xiangmei , Zheng Yufeng , Cui Zhenduo , Jiang Hui , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Wu Shuilin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBacteria‐infected osteomyelitis is life‐threatening without effective therapeutic methods clinically. Here, a rapid and effective therapeutic strategy to treat osteomyelitis through ferroelectric polarization interfacial engineering of BiFeO3/MXene (Ti3C2) triggered by ultrasound (US) is reported. Under US, the ferroelectric polarization induces the formation of the piezoelectric field. US cavitation effect induced sonoluminescence stimulates BiFeO3/Ti3C2 to produce photogenerated carriers. With synergistic action of the polarization electric field and Schottky junction, BiFeO3/Ti3C2 accelerates the separation of electrons and holes and simultaneously inhibits the backflow of electrons, thus improving the utilization of polarized charges and photogenerated charges and consequently enhancing the yield of reactive oxygen species under US. As a result, 99.87 ± 0.05% of Staphylococcus aureus are efficiently killed in 20 min with the assistance of ultrasonic heating. The theory of ferroelectric ultrasonic interfacial engineering is proposed, which brings new insight for developing ferroelectric ultrasonic responsive materials used for the diagnosis and therapy of deep tissue infection and other acoustoelectric devices.
Long‐Lived Emissive Hydrogen‐Bonded Macrocycles: Donors Regulating Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Ye Zecong , Lian Mingbing , Yang Zhiyao , Fu Yu , Wang Zhenwen , Mu Yingxiao , Ji Shaomin , Zhang Hao‐Li , Yuan Lihua , Chi Zhenguo , Huo Yanping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite vast applications of macrocycles in supramolecular chemistry, achieving long‐lived emissions including room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) for potential use still presents a great challenge. This work first reports hydrogen‐bonded (H‐bonded) macrocycles emitting RTP and TADF by introducing various donors onto the same aramide skeleton containing a rigid acceptor. The formation of charge transfer effectively enhances the photoluminescence efficiency. Aromatic carbonyl groups promote the intersystem crossing. The drastically reduced flexibility of chromophores fixed by the H‐bonded macrocyclic framework contributes to suppress the nonradiative decay to stabilize triplet excitons. Therefore, RTP and TADF are acquired by altering donors, and are systematically revealed by comparisons with control compounds and theoretical calculations. Finally, near white‐light emission (CIE, 0.30, 0.33) is realized via host–guest interactions.