bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A potential Entomological and epidemiological drivers for Reemergence of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Ethiopia after 55 Years
Authors: Waldetensai Abate , Abose Ebise , Getachew Abebe , Tadesse Henok , Meharenet Behabilom , Hidoto Moges , Difabachew Hailemariam , Eukubay Araya , Kassahun Alemayehu , Gonfa Geremew , Wakgari Tesfa , Manaye Nigus , Hailemichael Tsegalem , Kore Kokeb , Asfaw Netsanet , Hassen Jemal , Mengesha Wondu , Tsega Daniel , Abera Adugna , Bokicho Belachew , Lemango Fiseha , Mamecha Tihitina , Teka Frezer , Achamyeleh Kelelaw , Melese Tariku , Mulugeta Yimer , Wossen Mesfin , Regassa Feyisa , Tasew Geremew , Ali Abraham 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background: Sleeping Sickness, Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a vector- borne disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei (T.b). Sleeping sickness in Ethiopia was reported in 1967 for the first time. Recently in Southern parts of Ethiopia, in August 2022, five (5) cases of sleeping sickness (T. b. rhodesiense) were confirmed. Following this outbreak, the current investigation was aimed to identify the entomological and epidemiological drivers for the reemergence of HAT outbreak and recommend appropriate interventions. Methods: A cross sectional study design with descriptive data analysis was used. Tsetse fly collection and blood samples from cattle Animal were taken. NGU and bio-conical traps were used to determine the distribution (density and abundance) of the vector. About 10μl of blood was collected from the marginal ear vein of 301 cattle animals using the heparinized microhematocrit capillary. The parasite detection was carried out through vector dissection under binocular stereo-microscope (magnification of 60X) and microscopic examination from serum of Animals using the Buffy coat method. Results: A total of 329 tsetse flies were captured and identified to Glosina (G.) palidipes 259 (60.4%) and Glossina fuscipes 70 (16.3%). 188 (51.1%) of tsetse flies were collected from Dembagofa with 94 apparent density. Among all captured Tsetse fly, 39 (11.8%) of Tsetse were fed with high female apparent density in eachecological variation: wood land (51), Bush land (20) and grass land (11). Overall, the apparent density of tsetse fly was high in Wood land (93): G. pallidipes (76.5) and Bush land (36.5). Among all examine cattles for the presence of parasite, 9 cattles were detected positive with an overall prevalence of 3%. T. congolense 6 (2%) and T. vivax 1 (0.3%) with 2 (0.7%) suspected brucei. The parasite prevalence Trypanosoma was 4 (4.6%) in poor body a condition (Bcs) cattle. The animals in age range 5 - 9 years were infected high with 7 (5.3%) prevalence. Conclusion: The current study revealed that there are high-risk factors that predispose the community to Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to the presence of two different species of Tsetse flies and many animal reservoirs. The transmissions of Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are related to environmental, Vector, and human factors. Further geographically expanded investigation should be conducted throughout the country.
Vegetation responses to pathogen-induced tree loss – Swedish elm and ash forests revisited after 32 years
Authors: Brunet Jörg , Felton Adam , Hedwall Per-Ola 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Invasive fungal pathogens are an increasing problem globally and can cause devastating effects on forest ecosystems. In this study we contrast vegetation surveys in eutrophic elm (Ulmus glabra) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) forests in southern Sweden, conducted just prior to the arrival of Dutch elm disease (DED) in 1989, and then again in 2021, several years after ash dieback (ADB) began. Mean cover and species richness (α-diversity) of the upper tree layer strongly decreased from 1989 to 2021. In the lower tree layer, loss of elm and ash was compensated by an increase in other tree species. The cover and richness of the shrub layer increased in previously elm-dominated stands but not in ash-dominated stands. Canopy recovery was mainly dominated by shade-tolerant tree species which, especially in the previously ash-dominated stands, implies a successional shift. The extensive loss of canopy cover in elm stands caused a larger change in species composition and increased compositional variability (β-diversity) between plots when compared to the ash stands. The direction of the changes in tree layer composition between the surveys varied with soil moisture and nutrient availability. While beech increased in less eutrophic plots, more nutrient rich plots changed towards hornbeam or small-leaved lime, and wetter plots turned towards alder and bird cherry. Hence, our results indicate increased compositional diversity and alternative successional pathways for community reorganization following DED and ADB. Future research will reveal if these pathways will later merge or further split.
Source characteristics of the 2022 southwest of southern Sumatra, Indonesia earthquake (Mw 6.7) revealed by tsunami waveform data and its implication to tsunami hazard assessment
Authors: Sriya Sesar Prabu Dwi , Arimuko Abraham , Nurokhim Arif , Gunawan Indra , Fatchurochman Iman , Samapta Brilian Tatag , Putra Adnan Aditya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

On 18 November 2022, a strong earthquake occurred in the near-trench of Sunda Arc southwest of southern Sumatra, generating a small tsunami recorded at four tide gauge stations (KRUI, BINT, SBLT, and SIKA). Four seismological agencies (BMKG, GCMT, GFZ, and USGS) obtained nearly similar earthquake parameters and focal mechanisms from a seismic approach. It is situated near two major historical earthquakes that generated destructive tsunamis. One of those historical tsunamis, the 2010 Mentawai tsunami, was produced by a rare shallow and slow rupture earthquake with a higher tsunami impact than predicted from the seismic moment. It is related to the low rock rigidity of the source location. This study aims to understand the source characteristics of the 2022 event, which were probably influenced by the depth-varying rigidity. We examined those four source models using numerical tsunami modeling. We tested five distinct rigidity values, such as 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, and 20 GPa, for each source model to obtain the best match of simulated and observed tsunami waveform. Waveform correlation coefficient and NRMSE are used as similarity indicators. The Mw 6.7 shallow source model with low rigidity (10 GPa) is the best model, as indicated by the correlation of ~0.74 and the lowest NRMSE. This solution is consistent with the long duration of the source time function of this event issued by IPGP. It is necessary to consider the appropriate rigidity characteristic in the tsunami hazard assessment since improper rigidity strongly affects the tsunami impact prediction in the coastal area.
Gut bacteria of woodboring Streltzoviella insularis and their involvement in pinoresinol degradation of ash tree (Fraxinus spp.) host
Authors: Cao Qingjie , Wang Can , Bu Zenghe , Li Huiping , Sun Jianghua , Koski Tuuli-Marjaana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Insect gut microbiota have been widely reported to metabolize defensive chemicals and helping the insects to overcome host tree defense. Streltzoviella insularis (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is one of the most common woodborers in China, attacking various hosts, including ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). Little is known about the role of gut bacteria of S. insularis and wheather they participate in overcoming tree chemical and structural compounds. In this study, we isolated gut bacteria of S. insularis larvae, analysed their ability to degrade pinoresinol (a candidate ash tree defensive compound) and cellulose, and identified pinoresinol degradation products. We found that larval mortality increased with increasing pinoresinol concentration (reflect in natural variation observed in the host trees). Pinoresinol also significantly degreased larval weight without such dose-dependency effect. Gut bacterial cultures identified five major bacteria, all of which were able to degrade pinoresinol, including two isolates that were also capable of cellulose degradation. Investigation of pinoresinol degradation suggested that pinoresinol degradation products may enter gluconeogenesis pathways, and may therefore result in production of carbohydrates for the larva or its gut microbiota. These results suggest that S. insularis associated microorganisms help to overcome host pinoresinol defence and possibly contribute to incets nutrition via carbohydrate synthesis.
A practical method for estimating climate-related changes to riverine flood elevation and frequency
Authors: Maimone Mark , Adams Tim 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFloods have been occurring with increasing frequency, leading to damage to communities worldwide. These impacts are expected to continue to rise due to increases in the intensity of extreme rainfall. Global climate model (GCM) output, while imperfect in reproducing daily rainfall, is the only practical source of future projections of extreme rainfall intensification. This article presents a practical method for translating GCM precipitation output into usable outputs for stormwater and flood management planning at a regional or local level. The method estimates the impact of extreme storm intensification on riverine flooding using available runoff estimates from GCM precipitation and variable infiltration capacity models, focusing on changes in elevation and frequency due to climate change. It allows communities and utilities to obtain a screening-level estimate of climate change impacts to peak discharge rate statistics without conducting hydrologic modeling. This article outlines the method, its implementation for the 48 contiguous states of the United States, and an example calculation for a river in the eastern United States. Changes in extreme storm runoff intensity vary significantly by region, but much of the United States is projected to see increases of 25 and 50% by 2060 and 2090, respectively, for the RCP8.5 scenario.
Demand Analysis of Material, Construction Equipment, and Labor on the Superstructure of Type I-Girder Bridge
Authors: Tambunan Reinhard , Aminullah Akhmad , Sulistyo Djoko 
Published: February 2023

Infrastructure development is one of the government's main national priority programs to support economic growth and community welfare. One of the issues encountered related to infrastructure development is that the supply chain capacity of material resources, construction equipment, and labor is not yet ideal. The purpose of this study is to analyze the demand for materials, construction equipment, and labor in the construction work of the superstructure of the bridge. This study used secondary data from some bridge construction work packages obtained from the Directorate General of Spatial Planning and Development, Ministry of Public Works. The research step consists of 7 stages. The total number of research samples is 33 consisting of 15 materials (xn), 15 construction equipment (yn), and 3 labor (zn). Of the five bridge construction work packages that meet the research requirements, the type of materials with the largest total demand is cement (x3) 4.904.156,13 kg and asphalt (x5) 578.620,64 kg. Meanwhile, the results of the construction equipment demand analysis show that the heavy equipment with the longest total operational time is dump trucks (y5) 9.395,61 hours and cranes (y12) 2.942,98 hours. From the analysis of demand labor, it is known that the total working time required is workers (z1) 251.753,97 hours, handyman (z2) 151.209,71 hours, and foreman (z3) 59.303,11 hours. In addition, from the five construction work packages, the prestressed concrete I (PCI) girder with the longest size is 45 meters with 35 pieces, while the PCI girder with the shortest size is 20.6 meters with 14 pieces. In terms of needs, the highest number of PCI girders is 42 pieces, and PCI girders with a minimum number of 10 pieces.
A relação entre homem e máquina no filme “Ex_Machina”: aproximações e distanciamentos
Authors: Duarte Vilasboas Seba Adson Luan , Canuto Sanny Kellen Anjos Cavalcante 
Published: February 2023

A globalização desencadeou mudanças em contextos coletivos e individuais da sociedade, dentre as quais se pode citar a tecnologia que, após se estabelecer nas práticas sociais, rompeu as fronteiras que delineavam a conexão entre seres humanos e as máquinas. Partindo dessa premissa, esta pesquisa objetiva investigar os efeitos de sentido produzidos na relação “humano x não-humano” no filme “Ex_Machina”, para então compreender como a personagem Ava negocia e problematiza seu processo de “humanização” por meio das significações e dos funcionamentos históricos, linguísticos e simbólicos presentes na materialidade fílmica. Para se poder alcançar o que foi estabelecido no objetivo, o estudo se ancora teoricamente nos debates pós-humanos de Heidegger (1977), Haraway (1991), Clark (2003), Hayles (2005), Marcolin (2009), Savulescu (2009), Siqueira e Medeiros (2011), Braidotti (2013), Ferrando (2016), Vilaça e Dias (2014) e Bolter (2016). Além disso, a fim de guiar as discussões, utilizou-se como estratégia metodológica a “análise fílmica” no âmbito da Análise de Discurso materialista, mobilizada nos estudos de Lagazzi (2009, 2011), que possibilitou a investigação de recortes que apresentavam um padrão de (des)humanização da personagem Ava. Com base no gesto analítico, os resultados apontaram que a interação homem versus máquina representada pelos personagens centrais Calebe e Ava se constitui como uma relação possível em aspectos verbais e visuais. Dessa forma, a humanização da personagem se apresentou como um fator inerente a sua formação, visto que foi construída por um ser humano e, por sua vez, suas características elementares se interconectam com as ações humanas, apesar de suas outras características inumanas.
Multimodalidade, Dialogia e Raça: Djongador das Palavras
Authors: Barbosa Bruna Carolini 
Published: February 2023

A linguagem, mais que estrutura ou mero instrumento de comunicação, está indissociavelmente implicada no/pelo social. Partindo dessa premissa, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar um vídeo-post da página “Quebrando o Tabu”, intitulado “Vai falar que todo preto é bandido? Mentira! – Djonga lendo comentários”, em que o rapper mineiro Djonga responde perguntas de internautas sobre diferentes temáticas, tais como violência, raça, racismo e antirracismo. A análise é realizada à luz dos pressupostos teóricos bakhtinianos, sobretudo ao que concerne a dialogia constitutiva do discurso, neste caso, o discurso digital. Inicialmente, teorizamos acerca dos conceitos fundamentais ao trabalho; em um segundo momento, analisamos alguns segmentos discursivos do objeto, considerando sua multimodalidade. A discussão volta-se para o modo como são estabelecidas as relações dialógicas presentes e identificáveis nesta materialidade linguístico-discursiva, bem como para a constituição das categorias raça e racismo. As análises apontam para a compreensão de que o discurso é composto por uma trajetória ideológica de sentido, observável e desvelada nos gestos de interpretação, em que as dimensões sócio-históricas estão necessariamente implicadas.
Reliability of the Balance Error Scoring System test is maintained during remote administration
Authors: Planchet Joey , Lynch Camden R , Mozzer Pamella L , Seichepine Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Aim: This study investigates if scores on the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) are affected when administered remotely. Materials & methods: Participants included 26 undergraduate students, aged 19-32 (mean: 21.85 ± 2.95). Each participant received the BESS test remotely and in person, and scores on each were compared. To minimize potential practice effects, participants were randomly assigned to two equal sized groups to take the BESS remotely first or in person first. Results: The mean difference between scores for the remote and in-person assessments was 0.711 (95% CI: 0.708–2.131). There was no significant difference between scores (p = 0.312) indicating the BESS maintains reliability when administered remotely. Conclusion: Administration of the BESS remotely was possible without any significant challenges.
Bioclimatic zoning as a prerequisite for architectural and structural design, urban and area-wide planning
Authors: Giyazov Adham I. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Factors of nature and climate were analyzed using bioclimatic criteria of environmental assessments made in within the framework of urban planning during warm seasons. Territories of republics, located in Central Asia and southern Kazakhstan, were considered as southern specimen areas; they have both plain and complex mountainous terrains, and their climatic and bioclimatic conditions make them similar to equatorial countries. The author chose a method for assessing bioclimatic indices; they take into account the response of the thermal status of a person to the environment, which is a rele­vant task of architectural and structural design and area-wide planning in southern countries with hot climates.
Materials and methods. This research project is based on a comprehensive methodology for studying, analyzing and summarizing meteorological factors, provided by local meteorological stations, and reference data from the leading research institutes of hydrometeorology. These data are further processed by the software package to identify specific small and large microclimatic and bioclimatic differences between large areas. The methodology also determines the degree of comfort of a thermal state of a person in urban bioclimatology.
Results. A new area of research was identified to study the response of the thermal state of a person to the environment: the bio-climatological assessment of environments. Bioclimatic zoning of republics in Central Asia and southern Kazakhstan was performed to classify the bioclimatic conditions in these environments according to their livability, taking into account values of meteorological indices during warm seasons. Bioclimatic differences between territories, cities, and excerpts from area development documents were identified for the purpose of bioclimatic zoning and division into districts. Maps of districts were designed to make bioclimatic forecasts of territories for the purpose of architectural and structural design, as well as urban planning.
Conclusions. The research is relevant for territories and cities with hot climates. Methodological fundamentals of bioclimatic zoning in Central Asia and southern Kazakhstan, coupled with classified bio-meteorological indices, will serve as a prere­quisite for purposeful and rational use of territories in the region; they will allow evaluating its recreational potential and planning the construction of residential complexes, public and industrial buildings and structures that ensure maximum comfort and convenience at minimum costs. The classification of bioclimates is presented; it is based on thermal characteristics of climates as well as responses from the human thermoregulatory system during excessively hot summer periods. These responses are needed to characterize the thermal state of a person during periods of greatest heat stresses and radiation loads.
Alkaloid profile of endophytic Diaporthe spp. from Cinchona calisaya
Authors: Radiastuti Nani , Rahayu Gayuh , Okane Izumi , Hidayat Iman , Achmadi Suminar S. 
Published: February 2023

Endophytic fungi have been known as potential source of bioactive compound, similar to their host.Â This study was conducted to identify endophytic Diaporthe spp. isolated from Cinchona calisaya and to explore their potential in producing alkaloids, particularly quinine. A total of 39 strains of Diaporthe spp. were identified using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and EF1-Î± gene. Seventeen strains have species name and they represent eight species of Diaporthe i.e. D. cynaroidis, D. endophytica, D. ganjae, D. gardeniae, D. litchicola, D. phaseolorum, D. pseudomangiferae, and D. rhoina. The reÂ­maining 22 strains represents 15 groups of unidentified Diaporthe sp. High performance liquid chromatography analyses of chloroform extract of 21-days old static cultures of all fungi in potato dextrose broth showed that these strains produce totally 82 different alkaloids. Each strain producedabout 2-38 different alkaloids. Sixteen out of 39 strains (41%), i.e. one strain each of D. endophytica, D. garÂ­deniae, Â D. phaseolorum, and Â D. pseudoÂ­mangiferae, 2 strains of D. litchicola, and 10 strains of unidentified Diaporthe were able to produce quinine. The quinine concentration ranges from 1.1 mg/l to 155.2 mg/l. By using Jaccardâ€™s similarity index 0.44 as the cutting score, UPGMA analyses of alkaloid profile of these strains shows that these strains forms 23 clusters. Alkaloid profile clustering does not support the phylogenetic grouping. This indicates that the alkaloid profile is strain dependent. Some potential strains should be further investigated for optimization of their quinine production.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EVERONE IS TEACHER MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 9 PEKANBARU
Authors: Ernita Yanti 
Published: February 2023

Abstract: The Implementation of Everone Is Teacher Learning Model Improves Student Learning Outcomes Historical Subjects for Class XI Senior High School 9 Pekanbaru. This study aims to improve the History of Learning Outcomes of the XI grade students of SMAN 9 Pekanbaru by applying the Everyone is teacher learning model. The subjects of this study were all students of class XI totaling 36 people. The form of research is classroom action research. The research instrument consisted of performance instruments and data collection instruments. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that in the first cycle of students who completed reached 55.55% increased significantly by 97.22% in the second cycle, the value of students completeness has been reached. It shows that the learning outcomes of the students of Class XI Science 6 in SMAN 9 Pekanbaru can be improved through the Everyone is Teacher method.Keywords: Learning Model Everyone is Teacher, Learning Outcomes HistoryAbstrak: Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Everone Is Teacher Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Siswa Kelas XI SMAN 9 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sejarah siswa kelas XI SMAN 9 Pekanbaru dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Everyone is teacher. Subjek penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas XI berjumlah 36 orang. Bentuk penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Instrumen penelitian ini terdiri dari instrumen unjuk kerja dan instrumen pengumpulan data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan pada siklus I peserta didik yang tuntas mencapai 55,55% meningkat secara signifikan sebesar 97,22% pada siklus II, nilai ketuntasan siswa telah tercapai. Hal menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar Sejarah siswa kelas XI IPA 6 di SMAN 9 Pekanbaru dapat ditingkatkan melalui metode Everyone is Teacher.Kata kunci: Model Pembelajaran Everyone is Teacher, Hasil Belajar Sejarah