bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution spectroscopy of a single nitrogen-vacancy defect at zero magnetic field
Authors: Kumar Shashank , Dubey Pralekh , Bhadade Sudhan , Naliyapara Jemish , Saha Jayita , Peddibhotla Phani 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report a study of high-resolution microwave spectroscopy of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond crystals at and around zero magnetic field. We observe characteristic splitting and transition imbalance of the hyperfine transitions, which originate from level anti-crossings (LACs) in the presence of a transverse effective field. We use pulsed electron spin resonance spectroscopy to measure the zero-field spectral features of single NV centers for clearly resolving such LACs. To quantitatively analyze the magnetic resonance behavior of the hyperfine spin transitions in the presence of the effective field, we present a theoretical model, which describes the transition strengths under the action of an arbitrarily polarized microwave magnetic field. Our results are of importance for the optimization of the experimental conditions for the polarization-selective microwave excitation of spin-1 systems in zero or weak magnetic fields.
3D printed fiber-optic nanomechanical bioprobe
Authors: Zou Mengqiang , Liao Changrui , Chen Yanping , Xu Lei , Tang Shuo , Xu Gaixia , Ma Ke , Zhou Jiangtao , Cai Zhihao , Li Bozhe , Zhao Cong , Xu Zhourui , Shen Yuanyuan , Liu Shen , Wang Ying , Gan Zongsong , Wang Hao , Zhang Xuming , Kasas Sandor , Wang Yiping 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ultrasensitive nanomechanical instruments, e.g. atomic force microscopy (AFM), can be used to perform delicate biomechanical measurements and reveal the complex mechanical environment of biological processes. However, these instruments are limited because of their size and complex feedback system. In this study, we demonstrate a miniature fiber optical nanomechanical probe (FONP) that can be used to detect the mechanical properties of single cells and in vivo tissue measurements. A FONP that can operate in air and in liquids was developed by programming a microcantilever probe on the end face of a single-mode fiber using femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization nanolithography. To realize stiffness matching of the FONP and sample, a strategy of customizing the microcantilever’s spring constant according to the sample was proposed based on structure-correlated mechanics. As a proof-of concept, three FONPs with spring constants varying from 0.421 N m−1 to 52.6 N m−1 by more than two orders of magnitude were prepared. The highest microforce sensitivity was 54.5 nm μN−1 and the detection limit was 2.1 nN. The Young’s modulus of heterogeneous soft materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane, muscle tissue of living mice, onion cells, and MCF-7 cells, were successfully measured, which validating the broad applicability of this method. Our strategy provides a universal protocol for directly programming fiber-optic AFMs. Moreover, this method has no special requirements for the size and shape of living biological samples, which is infeasible when using commercial AFMs. FONP has made substantial progress in realizing basic biological discoveries, which may create new biomedical applications that cannot be realized by current AFMs.
A categorical study on the generalized type semigroup
Authors: Ma Xin 
Published: January 2023

In this short note, we show that the generalized type semigroup

W

(
X
,
Γ
)

\mathcal {W}(X, \Gamma )

introduced by Ma [Ergodic Theory Dynam. Systems 41 (2021), pp. 2148–2165] belongs to the category W introduced by Antoine, Perera and Theil [Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 251 (2018), vii+191]. In particular, we demonstrate that

W

(
X
,
Γ
)

\mathcal {W}(X, \Gamma )

satisfies axioms (W1)–(W4) and (W6). When

X
X

is zero-dimensional, we also establish (W5) for the semigroup. This supports the analogy between the generalized type semigroup and pre-completed Cuntz semigroup

W
(
⋅
)

W(\cdot )

for

C
∗

C^*

-algebras.
Historical Trend of Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Surfactants PFOA, ADV, and cC6O4 and its Management in Two Perfluoroalkyl Polymers Plants, Italy
Authors: Fustinoni Silvia , Consonni Dario 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Perfluoroalkyl acid surfactants are used in the chemical industry for the synthesis of perfluoroalkyl polymers. In one Italian fluoropolymer plant and in the research and innovation center, two major perfluoroalkyl surfactants have been historically used: PFOA and ADV and a third, cC6O4 substituted PFOA from mid-2013. This work is summarizing occupational exposure to these chemicals in the period 2004–2021, assessed by biological monitoring. Moreover, taking advantage of the phasing out of PFOA, the elimination kinetics of PFOA in humans is investigated.

Methods
Workers exposed to PFOA (from beginning of the sixties to 2013), ADV (since 1996), and/or cC6O4 (since 2012) in the production of fluoropolymers, in the synthesis, research, and analysis, were periodically surveyed from 2004, measuring the concentration of perfluoroalkyl acid surfactants in serum. Workers of the same plants, not directly exposed, were surveyed as well. Applying the first-order kinetics model, the half-life of PFOA was calculated.

Results
809 Workers were investigated with measurements of PFOA (n = 3692), ADV (n = 4288) and cC6O4 (n = 2272) in serum. In the production plant, median PFOA ranged from 1900 to 14 µg/l from 2004 to 2021; median ADV ranged from 434 to 86 µg/l from 2011 to 2021. For cC6O4 the detection percentage ranged from 9 to 47%; in detected samples median cC6O4 ranged from 3 to 16 µg/l in the period 2013–2021. Adopted mitigation measurements included: the phasing out of PFOA, the improvement of the plastomer and elastomer post-treatments; the reinforcement of the staff involved in prevention. Decreasing trends were observed for all chemicals along years (P value for linear trend of means &lt; 0.01). For PFOA, a half-life of 3.16 (95% CI 2.98–3.37) years was calculated.

Conclusions
In the study plants, several initiatives to reduce exposure and the risk associated with perfluoroalkyl surfactants were undertaken; results of biomonitoring show that they were effective, with a 5- to 136-fold reduction in the concentration of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the serum of workers.
A Systematic Review of Work Organization, Work Environment, and Employment Conditions in Warehousing in Relation to Gender and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Rydström Klara , Jackson Jennie , Johansson Kristina , Mathiassen Svend Erik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesStudies in the goods supply chain in areas outside of warehousing show evidence of gender and racial/ethnic inequalities in working conditions (i.e. in work organization, work environment, and employment conditions). This review aimed to identify, summarize, and discuss research focused on inequality in warehousing and its effects on warehouse working conditions. In the review, racial/ethnic inequality includes inequality related to country of birth and (im)migration status.MethodsWe performed a systematic search in the Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify warehouse studies that addressed working conditions and (in)equality at a workplace level. Screening of records was performed using the Rayyan systematic review tool. Risk of bias was assessed according to established methods and checklists.ResultsDatabase searches yielded 4910 articles. After title-abstract-keyword and full-text screenings, 21 articles were included. Results showed inequality based on gender and race/ethnicity in both work organization (different tasks were performed by different groups of employees), work environment conditions (physical and psychosocial aspects differed), and employment conditions (disparate employment types and incomes between groups of employees). Health differences, as a possible result of unequal working conditions, were evident between different racial/ethnic groups of employees. A hierarchy that included both gender and race/ethnicity was found, with (im)migrant and racialized women positioned at the bottom.ConclusionsWe found evidence that gender and race/ethnicity influenced work organization, work environment conditions, and employment conditions. Evidence was found for an intersection between gender and race/ethnicity. To improve working conditions, and subsequently occupational health, we encourage researchers to simultaneously consider gender and race/ethnicity factors at work, and to consider both why inequality is present and how it impacts working conditions in future studies of warehousing, particularly in online retailing.
The Effect of Spatial Uncertainty on Visual Search in Older School-Aged Children with and without ADHD
Authors: Lin Hung-Yu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
Numerous studies support that simple visual search tests may not be sufficient to differentiate children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), especially for older school-aged children. This study aimed to explore whether the high spatial uncertainty visual search tasks can effectively discriminate older school-aged children with ADHD from their typically developing (TD) peers.

Method
In a randomized, two-period crossover design, 122 school-aged children (61 ADHD and 61 TD subjects), aged 10–12 years old, were measured using comparable visual search tasks with structured and unstructured layouts.

Results
First, the discriminant effectiveness of unstructured visual search tasks, which are associated with high-level spatial uncertainty, is superior to structured ones. Second, combining accuracy and speed into a Q score is a more sensitive measure than accuracy or time calculated alone in visual search tasks. A more in-depth ROC analysis showed that all variables could accurately identify ADHD from their TD peers under unstructured visual search tasks, with the index of the Q score performing best (AUR = 0.956). Third, the development of detectability, which represents the ability to distinguish between target and non-target, is approaching maturity in 10–12-year-old children with ADHD. However, these children showed severe deficits in dealing with disorganized distractors when performing visual search tasks with high-level spatial uncertainty.

Conclusions
The findings of this study support that older school-aged children with ADHD demonstrate less efficient search performance than their TD peers in complex/difficult visual search tasks, especially under higher spatial uncertainty.
High-throughput sequencing confirms the boundary between traditionally considered species pairs in a group of lichenized fungi (Peltigeraceae, Pseudocyphellaria)
Authors: Widhelm Todd J , Rao Anusha , Grewe Felix , Lumbsch H Thorsten 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Accurate species delimitations are fundamental to our understanding of the genetic diversity on Earth and a vital part in evolutionary and conservation biology research. In lichenized fungi, species pairs have the same morphology and chemistry. They only differ in how they reproduce with one species using sexual reproductive structures and the other using asexual propagules. To classify these as one species or two has been a point of contention, and conclusions based on Sanger sequencing, where sequence data are limited and species boundaries are usually not observed, have been refuted after analysis with genome-scale data such as restriction site-associated DNA sequencing that tends to find fixed genetic differences between the two morphs. Pseudocyphellaria glabra and P. homoeophylla have long been considered a species pair that differ in geographical ranges but co-occur in New Zealand. We used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data and generated thousands of genetic loci across 53 individuals. The RADseq data provided high-resolution phylogenetic and population genomic information. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction recovered both species as separate lineages, whereas population genetics indicated some evidence for admixture among P. glabra and P. homoeophylla from New Zealand. It is not clear whether the latter is due to ancient polymorphism or recent gene flow. Our study represents another example of the usefulness of RADseq to test species boundaries that segregate closely related species in lichenized fungi.
Inference of taxonomic relationships betweenRhododendron ferrugineumandR.myrtifolium(Ericaceae) from leaf and fruit morphologies
Authors: Lewandowska Amelia , Marcysiak Katarzyna , Gómez Daniel , Jasińska Anna K , Romo Angel , Didukh Yakiv , Sękiewicz Katarzyna , Boratyńska Krystyna , Boratyński Adam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRhododendron myrtifolium and R. ferrugineum are small, shrubby plant species that are morphologically similar to each other. They both grow on siliceous substrates in the subalpine belt of European mountains. In the present study, leaves and capsules from 11 populations of R. myrtifolium from the Carpathians were compared with those from 13 populations of R. ferrugineum from the Alps, Pyrenees and Sudetes. Fourteen leaf characteristics and 12 capsule characteristics of were analysed using ANOVA, discrimination analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis with agglomeration and the K-means method. All of the tested characteristics differed significantly between species, with the highest level of discrimination from the measured leaf traits. Less discriminatory were the proportions of the measured leaf features. According to the analyses, the populations of the two species were clearly separated, but individuals were partially intermixed. The similarities of the species may indicate a late divergence event, probably no earlier than the Pliocene. During the glacial cycles of the Pleistocene, populations of the two species may have mixed again. This may explain the presence of single individuals with R. myrtifolium morphology in some alpine R. ferrugineum populations and vice versa. The two species can be treated as another example of Carpathian–Alpine vicariance.
Molecular phylogenetics, biogeography and character evolution inSesamum(Pedaliaceae)
Authors: Zhigila Daniel A , Muasya A Muthama 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs recently circumscribed, Sesamum was rendered monophyletic by including the three segregate genera Ceratotheca, Dicerocaryum and Josephinia. Here, the monophyly of Sesamum and the currently accepted infrageneric taxa was tested using expanded phylogenetic analyses. In addition, nine taxonomically useful morphological characters were optimized on the resulting phylogenetic tree to assess their evolutionary pattern. The phylogenetic analyses support the expanded circumscription of Sesamum and the monophyly of Sesamum section Sesamum relative to Sesamum sections Aptera, Ceratotheca, Chamaesesamum, Dicerocaryum, Josephinia and Sesamoptera. Most sections were retrieved as monophyletic, except Sesamum section Ceratotheca which was shown to be paraphyletic. Character reconstruction infers the ancestor of Sesamum to have had an erect growth habit, simple leaves with entire margins, ovaries with incompletely divided locules, indehiscent capsules that are oblong-quadrangular in lateral view with a beaked apex and winged seeds. Relative to the ancestral states, Sesamum has dehiscent fruits and fully divided locules as synapomorphies, with reversals to the ancestral state (indehiscence, undivided locules) in Sesamum sections Josephinia and Dicerocaryum. The absence of trichomes on mature vegetative parts and the development of lobed leaves are synapomorphies for Sesamum section Sesamopteris. Characters such as dentate and lobulate leaf margins and discoid fruit with horn-like protrusions are homoplastic in Sesamum. Dated phylogeny and ancestral range estimation suggest a southern African origin for the genus with subsequent diversification to tropical Africa, India and Australia. Sesamum has an estimated crown age of 38.1 ± 5.2 Myr with subsequent dispersal scenarios into tropical Africa, Asia and Australia during the Miocene from 24.5 Mya. Dispersal, rather than continental vicariance, is the probable explanation for the pantropical distribution of Sesamum.
Behavioural and physiological responses to salinization and air exposure during the ontogeny of a freshwater South American snail
Authors: Barrios-Figueroa R , Urbina M A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Salinization is of global concern, threatening freshwater biodiversity. Salinity tolerance is highly variable and therefore needs to be evaluated on a species-specific basis. An estuarine population of Chilina dombeiana, a freshwater gastropod endemic to Chile and classified as vulnerable, has been recently found in the Biobío River’s mouth, suggesting some degree of tolerance to brackish waters. This study evaluated the survival, behaviour (medium preference) and physiology of C. dombeiana when exposed to salinities higher than freshwater, thus elucidating the potential mechanisms used to survive salinization. Chilina dombeiana belongs to the Pulmonate group;, so we evaluated oxygen uptake in air and water, aiming to evaluate emersion as a potential avoidance response to a progressive salinity increase. Complete embryo development was observed for salinities ≤ 16 PSU (practical salinity units) but hatching rates above 50% were only achieved in freshwater (0 PSU). It was also found that salinity had stage-specific effects during embryonic development. In adults, acute exposure to brackish water (12 PSU) caused a decrease in oxygen consumption (compared to freshwater), in the ammonium excretion rates and in the percentage of muscular water content. Although C. dombeiana was able to take up oxygen in both mediums, survival in air decreased over time (days), which correlates with the behavioural preference to remain submerged, even at elevated salinities. Considering the survival of adults and embryos decreased as salinity increased and the lack of an avoidance behaviour or a physiological ability to maintain homeostasis at salinities higher than freshwater, our results suggest this snail could be adversely affected by salinization in the long term. Furthermore, given the ability of C. dombeiana to uptake oxygen in both mediums, it should be considered as a facultative air breather snail, rather than a strictly aquatic species.
Heart–gut microbiota communication determines the severity of cardiac injury after myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion
Authors: Zhao Jinxuan , Zhang Qi , Cheng Wei , Dai Qing , Wei Zhonghai , Guo Meng , Chen Fu , Qiao Shuaihua , Hu Jiaxin , Wang Junzhuo , Chen Haiting , Bao Xue , Mu Dan , Sun Xuan , Xu Biao , Xie Jun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
Recent studies have suggested a key role of intestinal microbiota in pathological progress of multiple organs via immune modulation. However, the interactions between heart and gut microbiota remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of gut microbiota in the post-ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) inflammatory microenvironment.

Methods and results
Here, we conducted a case-control study to explore the association of gut bacteria translocation products with inflammation biomarkers and I/R injury severity in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. Then, we used a mouse model to determine the effects of myocardial I/R injury on gut microbiota dysbiosis and translocation. Blooming of Proteobacteria was identified as a hallmark of post-I/R dysbiosis, which was associated with gut bacteria translocation. Abrogation of gut bacteria translocation by antibiotic cocktail alleviated myocardial I/R injury via mitigating excessive inflammation and attenuating myeloid cells mobilization, indicating the bidirectional heart–gut–microbiome–immune axis in myocardial I/R injury. Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), an endocrine peptide produced by intestinal L-cells, was used in the experimental myocardial I/R model. GLP-2 administration restored gut microbiota disorder and prevented bacteria translocation, eventually attenuated myocardial I/R injury through alleviating systemic inflammation.

Conclusion
Our work identifies a bidirectional communication along the heart–gut–microbiome–immune axis in myocardial I/R injury and demonstrates gut bacteria translocation as a key regulator in amplifying inflammatory injury. Furthermore, our study sheds new light on the application of GLP-2 as a promising therapy targeting gut bacteria translocation in myocardial I/R injury.
DOP30 Identifying dietary factors and metabolites that may promote healthier Crohn Disease microbiome and mucosal transcriptomics signals as future targets using Diet-Omics
Authors: Haberman Ziv Y , Braun T , Amir A , Levhar N , Toren I , Malik A , Neuman S , Hadar R , Efroni G , Ben-Horin S ,   The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust SOURCE consortium investigators
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
The increase in prevalence of Crohn Disease (CD) worldwide together with suboptimal results with current therapies mandate identification of new targets. We aimed to identify dietary components and metabolites linked with host and microbial factors to support targeting beneficial exposures.

Methods
Analyses of the SOURCE Israeli sub-cohort included clinical, biomarkers, computerized food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), fecal metabolomics, mucosal terminal ileum (TI) transcriptomics, and microbiome.

Results
25 newly-diagnosed CD and 32 controls (median age 28 years, 53% males) were studied. MaAsLin multivariate analyses identified 13 increased and 74 decreased fecal metabolite in CD after controlling for age and gender (FDR&lt;0.25) including the induction of N-Acetyl-putrescine, Cholate, and Tyramine, and reduction in Melatonin, Cytosine, Lipoic and Linolenic acid (Fig. 1). Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis together with functional annotation enrichments of the TI transcriptomics, we identified 7 gene co-expression modules that were significantly linked with CD. These modules showed no significant association with gender, age, BMI, or smoking but had strong associations with CRP and calprotectin (Fig. 2). Using a predefined gut microbial health index to summarize the microbial signals along the health-disease scale, we noted negative associations specifically with transcriptomics modules enriched for immune genes and functions. We then explored the directionality of the relationship with dietary and metabolomic features, which can rationalize decreasing their exposure if they correlate with disease, or increasing it if they correlate with control signals. Consumption of sugar, saturated fat, iodine, and selenium showed similar directionality as seen with disease; sugar and fat showed strongest associations with the epithelial innate defense module including DUOX2 and CEACAM5, and iodine and selenium were linked with the immune module that included OSM and CXCL8/9. In contrast, manganese and vitamin D consumption positively correlated with modules associated with controls and enriched in epithelial lipid processing and mitochondrial functions. Associations between fecal metabolites and host transcriptomics showed a robust signal identifying 237 significant associations (FDR&lt;0.25). Most showed correlation with control-associated signals and an opposite direction to that seen with disease, which may justify testing them as beneficial interventions.

Conclusion
Detailed Diet-Omics dataset can quantify dietary constituents and fecal metabolites directional impact on host TI transcriptome and on the microbiome, which can prioritize interventions for testing in preclinical models