bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ART Praxis
Authors: Sumpter Danica , Thurman Whitney , Wright Michelle , Johnson Karen , Duplechain Danielle , Abbyad Chris 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

AIM
This integrative review seeks to provide effective teaching and learning strategies for teaching about racism and advancing health equity.

BACKGROUND
Most faculty preparation remains devoid of an exploration of racism and the skills to critique how historical events and socialization create and reinforce the biases that influence how we teach and provide care. It is difficult to teach what we do not know.

METHOD
Using Whittmore and Knafl’s approach, we conducted an integrative review of multidisciplinary literature from 2009 to 2021 to uncover best practices for teaching about racism. Seven databases yielded 55 relevant articles from 18 disciplines.

RESULTS
Four themes emerged illuminating effective strategies for teaching and learning about systemic racism: encounter education, reflection, discussion, and activism.

CONCLUSION
Findings of this review align with Mezirow’s transformative learning theory and highlight the importance of not just “doing” antiracist activities in a course but “becoming” an antiracist educator.
Scleroderma pulmonary arterial hypertension: the same as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension?
Authors: Khan Sarah L. , Mathai Stephen C. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc), which confers significant morbidity and mortality. The current therapies and treatment strategies for SSc-associated PAH (SSc-PAH) are informed by those used to treat patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH). There are, however, important differences between these two diseases that impact diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.

Recent findings
Both SSc-PAH and IPAH are incompletely understood with ongoing research into the underlying cellular biology that characterize and differentiate the two diseases. Additional research seeks to improve identification among SSc patients in order to diagnose patients earlier in the course of their disease. Novel therapies specifically for SSc-PAH such as rituximab and dimethyl fumarate are under investigation.

Summary
Although patients with SSc-PAH and IPAH present with similar symptoms, there are significant differences between these two forms of PAH that warrant further investigation and characterization of optimal detection strategies, treatment algorithms, and outcomes assessment.
Depression and sarcopenia: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Lu Yehong , Zhang Ruijie , Zheng Qiang 
Published: July 2023

Background
The association between depression and sarcopenia has been reported in observational studies but the causality of depression on sarcopenia remained unknown. We aimed to assess the causal effect between major depressive disorder (MDD) and sarcopenia using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method.

Methods
A set of genetics instruments were used for analysis, derived from publicly available genetic summary data. Clinically, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and low hand grip strength (LHGS) have been widely used for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Inverse-variance weighted method, weighted median method, MR-Egger, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test were used for the bidirectional MR analyses.

Results
No evidence for an effect of MDD on sarcopenia risk was found. MDD was not associated with ALM [effect = −0.17 (−0.60 to 0.27), P = 0.449] and LHGS [effect = 0.24 (−0.46 to 0.93), P = 0.506]. Sarcopenia was not associated with MDD [ALM: odds ratio (OR) = 0.999 (0.996–1.001), P = 0.374; LHGS: OR = 0.999 (0.996–1.002), P = 0.556].

Conclusion
MDD and Sarcopenia might mutually have no causal effect on each other.
Rapid mode switching facilitates the growth ofTrichodesmium: A model analysis
Authors: Gao Meng , Andrews Jamal , Armin Gabrielle , Chakraborty Subhendu , Zehr Jonathan P. , Inomura Keisuke 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTrichodesmiumis one of the dominant dinitrogen(N2)-fixers in the ocean, influencing global carbon and nitrogen cycles through its biochemical reactions. Although the photosynthetic activity ofTrichodesmiumfluctuates rapidly at the cellular level, the physiological or ecological advantage of this characteristic is not clear. Here we develop a metabolic model ofTrichodesmiumthat can perform dinitrogen (N2) fixation during the daytime. We examined (1) the effect of the duration of switches between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic cellular states and (2) the effect of the presence and absence of N2fixation in photosynthetic states. Our results show that a rapid switch between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic states increasesTrichodesmiumgrowth rates by improving metabolic efficiencies due to optimized C and N metabolism. Our results show the possibility and advantage of the rapid switch, providing a strategy for previous observations that allTrichodesmiumcells can contain nitrogenase, which was previously considered to be a paradox. This study reveals the importance of fluctuating photosynthetic activity and provides a mechanism for daytime N2fixation that allowsTrichodesmiumto fix N2aerobically in the global ocean.
Bimodality in Ras signaling originates from processivity of the Ras activator SOS without classic kinetic bistability
Authors: Lee Albert A. , Kim Neil H. , Alvarez Steven , Ren He , DeGrandchamp Joseph B. , Lew L. J. Nugent , Groves Jay T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRas is a small GTPase that is central to important functional decisions in diverse cell types. An important aspect of Ras signaling is its ability to exhibit bimodal, or switch-like activity. We describe the total reconstitution of a receptor-mediated Ras activation-deactivation reaction catalyzed by SOS and p120-RasGAP on supported lipid membrane microarrays. The results reveal a bimodal Ras activation response, which is not a result of classic kinetic bistability, but is rather driven by the distinct processivity of the Ras activator, SOS. Furthermore, the bimodal response is controlled by the condensation state of the scaffold protein, LAT, to which SOS is recruited. Processivity-driven bimodality leads to stochastic bursts of Ras activation even under strongly deactivating conditions. This behavior contrasts classic kinetic bistability and is distinctly more resistant to pharmacological inhibition.
Quasi-Equilibrium State Based Quantification of Biological Macromolecules in Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy
Authors: Chen Xuecheng , Li Yaqian , Li Xiaowei , Sun Jielin , Czajkowsky Daniel M. , Shao Zhifeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe stoichiometry of molecular components within supramolecular biological complexes is often an important property to understand their biological functioning, particularly within their native environment. While there are well established methods to determine stoichiometryin vitro, it is presently challenging to precisely quantify this propertyin vivo, especially with single molecule resolution that is needed for the characterization stoichiometry heterogeneity. Previous work has shown that optical microscopy can provide some information to this end, but it can be challenging to obtain highly precise measurements at higher densities of fluorophores. Here we provide a simple approach using already established procedures in single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to enable precise quantification of stoichiometry within individual complexes regardless of the density of fluorophores. We show that by focusing on the number of fluorophore detections accumulated during the quasi equilibrium-state of this process, this method yields a 50-fold improvement in precision over values obtained from images with higher densities of active fluorophores. Further, we show that our method yields more correct estimates of stoichiometry with nuclear pore complexes and is easily adaptable to quantify the DNA content with nanodomains of chromatin within individual chromosomes inside cells. Thus, we envision that this straightforward method may become a common approach by which SMLM can be routinely employed for the accurate quantification of subunit stoichiometry within individual complexes within cells.
Genome-Wide Association Studies meta-analysis uncoversNOJOandSGS3novel genes involved inArabidopsis thalianaprimary root development and plasticity
Authors: López-Ruíz Brenda Anabel , García-Ponce Berenice , de la Paz Sánchez María , Álvarez-Buylla Elena R. , Urrutia Araxi O. , Garay-Arroyo Adriana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPostembryonic primary root growth relies on meristems that harbour multipotent stem cells that produce new cells that will duplicate and provide all the different root cell types.Arabidopsis thalianaprimary root growth has become a model for evo-devo studies due to its simplicity and facility to record cell proliferation and differentiation. To identify new genetic components relevant to primary root growth, we used a Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) meta-analysis approach using data published in the last decade. In this work, we performed intra and inter-studies analyses to discover new genetic components that could participate in primary root growth. We used 639 accessions from nine different studies and performed different GWAS tests ranging from single studies and pairwise analysis with high correlation associations, analyzing the same number of accessions in different studies to using the daily data of the root growth kinetic of the same research. We found that primary root growth changes were associated with 41 genomic loci, of which six (14.6%) have been previously described as inhibitors or promoters of primary root growth. The knockdown of genes associated with two of these loci: a gene that participates in Trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs) processingSuppressor of Gene Silencing(SGS3) and a gene with a Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) confirmed their participation as repressors of primary root growth. As none has been shown to participate in this developmental process before, our GWAS analysis identified new genes that participate in primary root growth. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the genomic basis of root development and further demonstrate the usefulness of GWAS meta-analyses in non-human species.
The prevalence of motility within the human oral microbiota
Authors: Rocha Sofia T. , Shah Dhara D. , Zhu Qiyun , Shrivastava Abhishek 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe human oral and nasal microbiota contains approximately 770 cultivable bacterial species. More than 2000 genome sequences of these bacteria can be found in the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD). We developed HOMDscrape, a freely available Python software tool to programmatically retrieve and process amino acid sequences and sequence identifiers from BLAST results acquired from the eHOMD website. Using the data obtained through HOMDscrape, the phylogeny of proteins involved in bacterial flagellar motility, Type 4 pilus driven twitching motility, and Type 9 Secretion system (T9SS) driven gliding motility was constructed. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis was conducted for all components of the rotary T9SS, a machinery responsible for secreting various enzymes, virulence factors, and enabling bacterial gliding motility. Results revealed that the T9SS outer membrane ß-barrel protein SprA of human oral microbes underwent horizontal evolution. Overall, we catalog motile microbes that inhabit the human oral microbiota and document their evolutionary connections. These results will serve as a guide for further studies exploring the impact of motility on shaping of the human oral microbiota.
Science, method and critical thinking
Authors: Danchin Antoine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractScience is founded on a method based on critical thinking. A prerequisite for this is not only a sufficient command of language but also the comprehension of the basic concepts underlying our understanding of reality. This constraint implies an awareness of the fact that the truth of the World is not directly accessible to us, but can only be glimpsed through the construction of models designed to anticipate its behaviour. Because the relationship between models and reality rests on the interpretation of founding postulates and instantiations of their predictions (and is therefore deeply rooted in language and culture), there can be no demarcation between science and non‐science. However, critical thinking is essential to ensure that the link between models and reality is gradually made more adequate to reality, based on what has already been established, thus guaranteeing that science progresses on this basis and excluding any form of relativism.
Influence of foetal position on the degree of isolated antenatal hydronephrosis
Authors: Taghavi Kiarash , Van Haltren Keith , Woods Jessica , Tai Davina , Teoh Mark , Pacilli Maurizio , Nataraja Ramesh M. , Kimber Chris 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundsThe effect of foetal position on the degree of antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is unknown. We hypothesized that foetal position is an important contextual factor in ANH, with consequences on prenatal counselling and postnatal management. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of foetal position on the degree of ANH.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out on consecutive pregnancies with isolated ANH over a 10‐year period. Gestational age, foetal presentation (cephalic vs. breech), and degree of ANH (as measured by the AP diameter) were retrieved. Foetuses with other ultrasound findings of the renal tract (renal parenchymal abnormality, ureteric dilatation, or bladder abnormalities) were excluded. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the anterior–posterior diameter (APD) and the mode of presentation (cephalic or breech). A P‐value of <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsInitially 745 scans were identified, with 436 included in the final analysis. Overall, there was an association between foetal presentation and APD regardless of trimester, with cephalic presentations having a greater APD (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.11, P = 0.04).ConclusionCephalic presentations are associated with a significantly greater APD indicating that foetal position should be considered when stratifying ANH. Furthermore, foetal position may be a contributing factor in the mechanism of ‘physiological’ hydronephrosis.
Child care fee abolition and female labor supply: Quasi‐experimental evidence from a developing country
Authors: Baghdasaryan Vardan , Barseghyan Gayane 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper studies the effects of abolishing fees in the public childcare facilities on the maternal labor supply and provides evidence from a post‐Soviet developing country, Armenia, characterized with low female labor force participation and high unemployment. The reform unexpectedly introduced only in the capital city created a natural experiment which we investigate using difference‐in‐differences methodology. The statistically significant increase of the childcare service utilization is shown to be affecting only marginally the maternal labor supply as measured by intention‐to‐treat effects. The positive results are more robust when only women actually utilizing the services are considered, but all the effects obtained fade out already in the second year after the reform. The robustness of our findings is tested by a series of placebo regressions.
Indentation‐induced ductile behavior of glass–ceramics involving layered aluminosilicates
Authors: Maeda Kei , Okuma Gaku , Yoshida Satoshi , Wakai Fumihiro , Takeuchi Akihisa , Uesugi Masayuki , Yanagioka Shun , Matsunuma Shun , Machida Shingo , Yasumori Atsuo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractContact damage in materials is critical in engineering applications because it influences mechanical resistance, such as wear, erosion, and impact failure. Indentation tests were performed using a tungsten carbide ball indenter (Hertzian contact) on the surfaces of glass–ceramics containing hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8 or mica crystals (fluorophlogopite), both of which have a layered structure. The stress–strain relation and the permanent deformation on the surface, as well as the observation of the microcrack zone by X‐ray computed tomography using synchrotron radiation, revealed that the glass–ceramic with hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8 showed ductility similar to the quasi‐plastic behavior previously observed in the mica glass–ceramic. The yield stresses of the glass–ceramics were estimated from the stress deviating from the stress–strain relation assuming complete elastic response between the ball and the sample. The ratio of the yield stress to Young modulus (Y/E) of the glass–ceramic with hexagonal CaAl2Si2O8 was determined to be higher than that of the mica glass–ceramic.
Sex‐specific differences and predictors of echocardiographic measures of diastolic dysfunction in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Rivas Victor N. , Ueda Yu , Stern Joshua A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiastolic dysfunction in humans is an age‐related process with an overrepresentation in women. In rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), the incidence and predictors of diastolic dysfunction have yet to be reported.MethodsData from routine echocardiographic evaluations on clinically healthy rhesus macaques was obtained and used for univariate, bivariate, hypothesis testing, and linear regression statistical analyses interrogating differences and predictors of diastolic function.ResultsRhesus macaques fully recapitulate previously reported human hemodynamic studies. Female monkeys display impaired diastology and are at an increased risk for developing diastolic dysfunction. Age, sex, and proxies of exercise activity are confirmed predictors for measures of diastolic dysfunction, regardless of specific pathogen‐free status.ConclusionsRhesus macaques share common sex‐ and age‐related echocardiographic findings as humans, therefore, serve as a valuable translational nonhuman primate model for future studies of diastolic dysfunction. These findings confirm the importance of sex‐ and age‐matching within future rhesus macaque cardiovascular research.
Lack of endothelial autophagy does not impair liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice
Authors: Campreciós Genís , Anton Aina , Oncins Anna , Montironi Carla , Ruart Maria , Montañés Rosa , García‐Calderó Héctor , García‐Pagán Joan Carles , Hernández‐Gea Virginia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLiver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) are key elements in regulating the liver response to injury and regeneration. While endothelial autophagy is essential to protect endothelial cells from injury‐induced oxidative stress and fibrosis, its role in liver regeneration has not been elucidated. This study was intended to investigate the role of endothelial autophagy in liver regeneration in the context of partial hepatectomy (PHx). Analysis of autophagy levels in rat LSEC after PHx indicated a tendency to decrease activity the first 2 days after surgery. PHx performed in mice with impaired endothelial autophagy (Atg7flox/flox;VE‐Cadherin‐Cre+) and their littermate controls showed no differences neither in liver‐to‐body weight ratio, histological analysis, hepatocyte proliferation nor vascular integrity during the first 7 days after PH and liver regeneration was completely achieved. Our results indicate that endothelial autophagy does not play an essential role in the coordination of the liver regeneration process after PHx.
SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak among staff and evacuees at Operation Allies Welcome Safe Havens
Authors: Meeker Jessica R. , Gosdin Lucas , Siu Allison , Turner Lauren , Zusman Benjamin D. , Sadigh Katrin S. , Carpenter Robert , Dopson Stephanie , Saindon John , Kyaw Nang Thu Thu , Segaloff Hannah E. , Pritchard Nikki , Shahum Andrea , Traboulsi Rana , Worrell Mary Claire , Beaucham Catherine , Gandhi Pritesh , Winslow Dean L. , Rotz Lisa , Talley Leisel , Mosites Emily , Boyd Andrew T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report on five SARS‐CoV‐2 congregate setting outbreaks at U.S. Operation Allies Welcome Safe Havens/military facilities. Outbreak data were collected, and attack rates were calculated for various populations. Even in vaccinated populations, there was rapid spread, illustrating the importance of institutional prevention and mitigation policies in congregate settings.
Real‐time mosaic of multiple fisheye surveillance videos based on geo‐registration and rectification
Authors: Gao Jiongli , Wu Jun , Huang Mingyi , Xu Gang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA distributed fisheye video surveillance system (DFVSS) can monitor a wide area without blind spots, but it is often affected by the viewpoint discontinuity and space inconsistency of multiple videos in the area. This paper proposes a novel real‐time fisheye video mosaic algorithm for wide‐area surveillance. First, by extending the line photogrammetry theory under central projection to spherical projection, a fisheye video geo‐registration model is established and estimated using orthogonal parallel lines on the ground, so that all videos of DFVSS are in the unified reference system to eliminate the space inconsistency between them. Second, by combining the photogrammetry orthorectification technique with thin‐plate spline transformation, a fisheye video rectification model is established to eliminate serious distortion in geo‐registered fisheye videos and align them accurately. Third, the viewport‐dependent video selection strategy and video look‐up table computation technique are adopted to create a high‐resolution panorama from input fisheye videos in real time. A parking lot of about 0.4 km2 monitored by eight fisheye cameras was selected as the test area. The experimental result shows the line re‐projection error in fisheye videos is about 0.5 pixels, and the overall efficiency, including panorama creation and mapping to the ground as texture, is not <30 fps. It indicates that the proposed algorithm can achieve a good balance between the limitation of video transmission bandwidth and the smooth observation requirement of computer equipment for the panorama, which is of great value for the construction and application of DFVSS.