bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Existential Prior Based on Expanded Pseudo Label for Crack Detection
Authors: Fang Jie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Road crack detection approaches based on Image processing technique (IPT) have attracted much attention during the last decade for convenience and efficiency, but most of them can not achieve the expected performances due to the complex background interference and severe category imbalance of road images. This paper presents a hierarchical existential prior based on an expanded pseudo label for crack detection. Specifically, the framework contains three variants of UNet, and each sub-network is trained by pseudo labels generated by transforming semantic categories of non-crack pixels distributed in the neighborhoods of crack ones. Notably, the expansion degrees of labels for three sub-networks are set in hierarchical descending order. In other words, crack samples of the pseudo label for the latter sub-network are a subset of ones for the former one, and we define it as existential prior, which can optimize the network in a coarse-to-fine fashion and refine the detection result gradually. Besides, we utilize a hybrid loss consisting of IoU, SSIM, and Focal loss to optimize the network in different aspects, including image-aspect, patch-aspect, and pixel aspect in the training phase, which can improve the structural representation capability of the model. Additionally, we present a dynamic hyper-parameter adjustment strategy to balance the weight coefficients of different loss terms, which can enhance the robustness of the model for various practical scenes. Finally, the results on various datasets have demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
WITHDRAWN: Evolutionary Game Analysis of Civil Aviation Dangerous Goods Transportation Training Supervision and Management with the Participation of the Trainee's Unit
Authors: 沈 海滨 , 赵 胜男 , 袁 铭怿 , 王 悦颐 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In order to ensure the safety of dangerous goods transportation in civil aviation and to improve the professional ability of practitioners, the supervision of such goods in transportation training has become a major concern for the industry in recent years. First, evolutionary game theory is used to construct a trilateral evolutionary game model of dangerous goods transportation training institutions, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), and the trainee's unit. Then, the stability of the three parties, under different strategies, is analyzed, and finally MATLAB software is used to conduct numerical simulation to analyze the influence of important parameters on the strategy selection, and to put forward targeted suggestions and measures. The results show that the system evolution is influenced by various factors, the CAAC and the trainee's unit improving the success rate of supervision and the reward-penalty intensity have positive effects on relevant subjects, and reducing the cost of supervision and the false reporting rate of the trainee's unit can improve the enthusiasm of participating in supervision.The findings of the study provide a theoretical basis for strengthening the supervision and the management of dangerous goods transportation training institutions.
Electrophysiological Activity Associated With a Cross-Modal Anapaest Rhythm: Evidence for the Vestibular Syncopation Hypothesis
Authors: Todd Neil P M , Keller Peter E , Govender Sendhil , Colebatch James G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We report an experiment that tested the vestibular syncopation rhythm hypothesis, which holds that the rhythmic effect of syncopation is a form of vestibular reflexive/automated response to a postural perturbation, for example during locomotion. Electrophysiological signals were recorded from the cerebral cortex and cerebellum during processing of rhythmic sequences in a sample of experienced participants. Recordings were made using four different stimulus modalities, auditory, axial, vestibular and visual, under different rhythmic timing conditions, irregular, regular and syncopated/uncertain. Brain current activity was measured using a 10 dipole source regions of interest model in each of the participants, each modality, each timing condition, and for each beat within the bar of the rhythm. The cross-modal spectral power in frontal EEG and cerebellar ECeG was also analysed. The results show that the brain activity increases from the irregular to the regular and then from the regular to the uncertain timing conditions. However, the vestibular modality induces the greatest total brain activity across the regions of interest, and exhibits the highest sensitivity to the interaction of beat structure with the timing conditions in both source currents and spectral power. These data provide further evidence to support the primal role of the vestibular system in rhythm perception.
Integer and fractional Chern insulators in twisted bilayer MoTe2
Authors: Mak Kin Fai , Zeng Yihang , Xia Zhengchao , Kang Kaifei , Zhu Jiacheng , Knuppel Patrick , Vaswani Chirag , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Shan Jie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chern insulators, which are the lattice analogs of the quantum Hall states, can potentially manifest high-temperature topological orders at zero magnetic field to enable next-generation topological quantum devices 1-4. To date, integer Chern insulators have been experimentally demonstrated in several systems at zero magnetic field 3, 5-11, but fractional Chern insulators have been reported only in graphene-based systems under a finite magnetic field 12, 13. The emergence of semiconductor moiré materials 14, 15, which support tunable topological flat bands 16, 17, opens a new opportunity to realize fractional Chern insulators 18-20. Here, we report the observation of both integer and fractional Chern insulators at zero magnetic field in small-angle twisted bilayer MoTe2 by combining the local electronic compressibility and magneto-optical measurements. At hole filling factor v= 1 and 2/3, the system is incompressible and spontaneously breaks time reversal symmetry. We determine the Chern number to be 1 and 2/3 for the v=1 and v=2/3 gaps, respectively, from their dispersion in filling factor with applied magnetic field using the Streda formula. We further demonstrate electric-field-tuned topological phase transitions involving the Chern insulators. Our findings pave the way for demonstration of quantized fractional Hall conductance and anyonic excitation and braiding 21 in semiconductor moiré materials.
Professional burnout, quality of life issues and psychological burden in anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists in contemporary conditions аfter COVID-19 pandemic: results of an internet-based survey
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana P. , Efremov S. M. , Ionova T. I. 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION: Anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists are considered to be an extremely vulnerable group of medical specialists, more susceptible to professional stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the severity of professional burnout syndrome (PB), quality of life (QoL) issues and psychological burben in anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists working in a multi-field hospital, as well as to determine the risk factors for PB in these specialists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Physicians completed the online survey questionnaire including MBI, WHOQOL-BREF and HADS for assessment of PB, QoL and anxiety and depression, respectively, as well as the checklist with general questions related to COVID-19. Pairwise or multiple comparisons as well as correlation and regression analyses were performed within the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The online survey involved 101 physicians (mean age 38.3 ± 9.8 years, 54.5 % — females). During the pandemic, 68.3 % of specialists worked in the red zone. It was demonstrated that the PB syndrome or its signs were observed 2 years after the start of the pandemic in 75 % of specialists — in 27 % it was formed, and in 48 % its signs were revealed. Decreased levels of the main QoL domains, physical, psychological and social well-being, were observed in 1/3 of physicians. About one third of specialists had borderline or increased levels of anxiety/depression. Working in the red zone during pandemic and elevated levels of depression increase the probability of PB, and a high level of social well-being decreases it. CONCLUSIONS: For the prevention of the PB development of screening examinations are recommended on the regular basis to reveal those specialists who are at high risk of PB. The results obtained may be used to develop evidence-based practical recommendations for the prevention of PB syndrome and psychosocial disorders in anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists.
Sonography indicators of diaphragm and their correlation with spirometry data in healthy individuals: a prospective study
Authors: Shabaev V. S. , Orazmagomedova I. V. , Mazurok Vadim A. , Berezina A. V. , Vasilyeva L. G. , Aleksandrova D. A. 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE: Revealing the correlation between sonography indicators of diaphragm performance and spirometry data of healthy persons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the Almazov National Medical Research Centre. The structural (thickness) and functional (thickening fraction and excursion of diaphragm) state of diaphragm of 50 healthy individuals (female — 30) was assessed with an ultrasound machine, and the spirometry characteristics of the external breathing apparatus were assessed with a ventilator. Afterwards the statistical and correlation analysis was conducted. RESULTS: It was possible to assess the thickness of diaphragm on both sides and the diaphragm excursion on the right in all subjects, the diaphragm excursion on the left — only in 20 % of subjects. Spirometry has been performed in all subjects. The obtained data are consistent with the literature. In particular, sonography and spirometry indicators of the healthy individuals are within reference values. Inspiratory muscles strength has also proved to be consistent with the literature data. Correlation analysis has revealed no statistically significant relationship between the examined sonography and spirometry parameters. In addition, no relation between age and sonography indicators of diaphragm has been found. There are weak statistically significant relations revealed between the structural and functional state of diaphragm and such anthropometric characteristics of the subjects as body mass and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography indicators of diaphragm performance do not correlate or correlate poorly with spirometry data. There is no reason to use sonography of diaphragm in healthy individuals since it does not practically provide any additional information about the state of external respiratory apparatus.
Legal Protection of Personal Data Financial Technology Based Online Loans from The Consumer Protection Act
Authors: Noptabi Iim Saputra , Aprita Serlika , Wulandari Mona 
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the legal protection of personal data financial technology (Fintech) based on online loans in terms of the Consumer Protection Act and what are the legal consequences of personal data violations by fintech companies based on online loans in terms of the Consumer Protection Act. The type of research used is normative legal research. The conclusion of this study is that the legal protection of consumer personal data has been regulated by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Circular and the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information concerning Confidentiality, Integrity and Security of Consumer Personal Data or Information and the Legal Consequences of Personal Data Violation, which is regulated in Article 47 of the Authority Regulation. Financial Services Number 77/POJK.01/2016 is an administrative sanction, then there is the Personal Data Protection Bill which regulates criminal sanctions. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum data pribadi financial technology berbasis pinjaman online ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen dan bagaimana akibat hukum pelanggaran data pribadi yang dilakukan perusahaan fintech berbasis pinjaman online ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah perlindungan hukum data pribadi konsumen telah diatur oleh Surat Edaran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika tentang Kerahasiaan, Keutuhan dan Keamanan Data atau Informasi Pribadi Konsumen dan Akibat Hukum Pelanggaran Data Pribadi yaitu diatur dalam Pasal 47 Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 adalah sanksi administratif, lalu terdapat Rancangan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi yang mengatur sanksi pidana.
The adsorption performance of aluminum onto powdered activated carbons: Effects of pH and carbon properties
Authors: Wang Kaiyun , Deng Jianmian , He Yitian , Wang Min , Shi Baoyou , Huang Xin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The effects of PAC properties on aluminum (Al) adsorption behavior have not been well understood. In this study, nine commercial powdered active carbons (PACs) with different physical and chemical properties were applied to adsorb Al at different initial pH (5.5, 6.5, 7.5, which were selected based on Al species). The results demonstrated that the Al adsorption by different PACs all followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic at pH 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5. Moreover, the Al adsorption capacity and rate under acidic conditions were much greater than those under pH 6.5 and 7.5. At pH 5.5, the Al adsorption was mainly due to the complexion and thus acidic and phenolic hydroxyl groups were correlated to Al adsorption performance. When pH was 6.5, Al adsorption by PAC was mainly due to the surface deposition, consequently, mesopore and total pore volume were critical properties. For pH 7.5, Al transformed to Al(OH)3 colloids around the acidic micro-area caused by the PAC surface oxygen groups and then deposited onto the PAC surface. Therefore, surface area as well as acidic and phenolic hydroxyl groups contributed to Al adsorption. Above all, this study could provide sufficient guidance for PAC selection in residual Al removal.
Vaporized Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Inhalation in Female Sprague Dawley
Rats: A Pharmacokinetic and Behavioral Assessment
Authors: Penman Samantha L. , Berthold Erin C. , Mihalkovic Abrianna , Hammond Nikki , McCurdy Christopher R. , Blum Kenneth , Eiden Rina D. , Sharma Abhisheak , Thanos Panayotis K. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis.
Historically, rodent studies examining the effects of THC have used intraperitoneal injection as the route of
administration, heavily focusing on male subjects. However, human cannabis use is often through inhalation
rather than injection.

Objective:
We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic and phenotypic profile of acutely inhaled THC in
female rats, compared to intraperitoneal injection, to identify any differences in exposure of THC between
routes of administration.

Methods:
Adult female rats were administered THC via inhalation or intraperitoneal injection. Serum samples
from multiple time points were analyzed for THC and metabolites 11-hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem
mass spectrometry. Rats were similarly treated for locomotor activity analysis.

Results:
Rats treated with 2 mg/kg THC intraperitoneally reached a maximum serum THC concentration of
107.7 ± 21.9 ng/mL. Multiple THC inhalation doses were also examined (0.25 mL of 40 or 160 mg/mL THC),
achieving maximum concentrations of 43.3 ± 7.2 and 71.6 ± 22.5 ng/mL THC in serum, respectively. Significantly
reduced vertical locomotor activity was observed in the lower inhaled dose of THC and the intraperitoneal
injected THC dose compared to vehicle treatment.

Conclusion:
This study established a simple rodent model of inhaled THC, demonstrating the pharmacokinetic
and locomotor profile of acute THC inhalation, compared to an i.p. injected THC dose in female subjects. These
results will help support future inhalation THC rat research which is especially important when researching
behavior and neurochemical effects of inhaled THC as a model of human cannabis use.
LC-Q-TOF/MS-based Fragmentation Behavior Study and In vitro Metabolites Identification of Nine Benzodiazepines
Authors: Zhou Shuhan , Song Xiaoting , Fang Pengkai , Xu Jingyi , Liu Siqi , Zheng Tian , Wu Guoping , Wu Liang 
Published: May 2023

Background:Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are compounds that contain one diazepine ring and two benzene rings, and are widely used to treat central nervous system diseases. However, drug abuse and BZDs' illegal addition may affect normal life and even lead to grave social harm. As BZDs may be metabolized and eliminated quickly, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify their metabolic profile.Objective:In this paper, LC-Q-TOF/MS-based fragmentation behavior has been investigated for nine benzodiazepine drugs available and widely used in clinical treatment (diazepam, nitrazepam, clonazepam, oxazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, estazolam, triazolam, and midazolam), and their metabolic profile has been studied by using in vitro human liver microsomal incubation.Methods:A regular human liver microsomal system was used to investigate the potential biotransformation of the nine benzodiazepines in vitro, and an LC-Q/TOF-MS was used to perform fragmentation behavior studies and metabolite identification.Results:As a result, characteristic fragmentation pathway and diagnostic fragment ions of the nine BZDs were analyzed, and 19 metabolites of the 9 benzodiazepines were found and identified, with glucuronidation and hydroxylation considered as their most important metabolic pathways.Conclusion:These experimental data add to our knowledge of the nine benzodiazepine drugs and their metabolism study, which could provide useful information and evidence of their in vivo metabolic profile prediction and help promote their monitoring in both clinical use and social/illegal abuse.
The Effects of Curcumin on Astrocytes in Common Neurodegenerative
Conditions
Authors: Alameri Ameer A. , Ghanni Muhammad Usman , Ali Arsalan , Singh Mandeep , Al-Gazally Moaed E. , Almulla Abbas F. , Alexis Ramírez-Coronel Andrés , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Gupta Reena , Obaid Rasha Fadhel , Gabr Gamal A. , Farhood Bagher 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Neurodegenerative diseases are age-related, multifactorial, and complicated conditions
that affect the nervous system. In most cases, these diseases may begin with an accumulation of
misfolded proteins rather than decay before they develop clinical symptoms. The progression of
these diseases can be influenced by a number of internal and external factors, including oxidative
damage, neuro-inflammation, and the accumulation of misfolded amyloid proteins. Astrocytes, with
the highest abundance among the cells of the mammalian central nervous system, perform several
important activities, such as maintaining brain homeostasis and playing a role in the neurodegenerative
condition onset and progress. Therefore, these cells have been considered to be potential targets
for managing neurodegeneration. Curcumin, with multiple special properties, has been effectively
prescribed to manage various diseases. It has hepato-protective, anti-carcinogenic, cardio-protective,
thrombo-suppressive, anti-inflammatory, chemo-therapeutic, anti-arthritic, chemo-preventive, and
anti-oxidant activities. In the current review, the effects of curcumin on astrocytes in common neurodegenerative
conditions, such as Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple
sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease, are discussed. Hence, it can be concluded
that astrocytes play a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases, and curcumin is able to directly
modulate astrocyte activity in neurodegenerative diseases.
Transdermal Delivery of Methotrexate Loaded in Chitosan Nanoparticles
to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Al-Nemrawi Nusaiba , Wahsheh Yazan , Alzoubi Karem H. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Methotrexate shows high efficiency in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis,
but its adverse effects cannot be tolerated by many patients. Additionally, Methotrexate suffers from
rapid clearance from blood. Polymeric nanoparticles were used to solve these problems including chitosan.

Methods:
Herein, a new nanoparticulate system to deliver Methotrexate (MTX) using chitosan nanoparticles
(CS NPs) was developed to be used transdermally. CS NPs were prepared and characterized. The
drug release was studied in vitro and ex vivo using rat skin. The drug performance in vivo was investigated
on rats. Formulations were applied topically once a day on the paws and knee joints of arthritis
rats for 6 weeks. Paw thickness was measured and synovial fluid samples were collected.

Results:
The results showed that CS NPs were monodispersed, and spherical with a size of 279.9 nm
and a charge above ± 30mV. Further, 88.02% of MTX was entrapped in the NPs. CS NPs prolonged
MTX release and enhanced its permeation (apparent permeability ⁓35.00cm/h) and retention (retention
capacity ⁓12.01%) through rats’ skin. The transdermal delivery of MTX-CS NPs improves the progress
of the disease compared to free MTX, as reflected by the lower arthritic index values, lower proinflammatory
cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and higher anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the synovial
fluid. Further, the oxidative stress activities were significantly higher in the group treated with the
MTX-CS NPs, as indicated by GSH. Finally, MTX-CS NPs were more effective in reducing lipid peroxidation
in synovial fluid.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, loading Methotrexate in chitosan nanoparticles controlled its release and
enhance its effectiveness against rheumatoid when applied dermally.