bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COBALT CHROMIUM DEBRIS RELEASE IN CONTEMPORARY TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY MAY BE AN UNDER-RECOGNIZED CLINICAL ISSUE
Authors: Langton David , Bhalekar Rohan , Wells Stephen , Nargol Matthew , Haston Shona , Natu Sonali , Nargol Antoni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionSeveral studies have reported significant cobalt(Co) and chromium(Cr) elevations in the blood of patients with total-knee-replacements (TKRs), and histological signs of metal sensitivity have been reported in up to 44% of patients undergoing revision of their TKRs. We carried out this investigation to determine the source and quantity of metal release in TKRs.MethodologyWe identified all TKRs with polished CoCr trays (N=59) [Vanguard=29, Attune=4 and PFC=26]. These were analysed using peer-reviewed [coordinate-measuring-machine (CMM)] methodology to measure the volumetric wear of the polyethylene (PE) bearing surfaces and trays. The trays were analysed using 2D-profilometry (surface roughness-Ra) and 4D-microscopy. Histological and blood metal ion concentration analyses were performed.ResultsThe median(IQR) PE wear rate was 10(6to20) mm3/year. Microscopic analysis identified pitting on superior surface of 36(49%) trays. Ra [median (IQR)] of superior surface of pitted trays [0.076 (0.060–0.084) µm] showed a statistically significant increase (p<0.001) compared with unpitted trays [0.057(0.049–0.066) µm]. 4D-microscopy and CMM analysis estimated wear volumes of up to 2mm3 secondary to pitting. The median (range) Co and Cr concentrations were 2.5µg/l (0.2–69.4) and 1.7µg/l (0.5–12.5) respectively in 40 patients. Of the tissue samples examined in 30 patients,6 had at-least “mild”-ALVAL infiltrate. All corresponding “ALVAL” explants were found to be pitted and/or show evidence of loosening of the tray.ConclusionThis study provides further evidence that CoCr release in TKR appears to be an under-recognised cause of adverse clinical outcomes. Gross metal ion elevations occurred in association with micromotion/loosening of the tray.
DEEP MEDIAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION OF THE KNEE RESTORES ROTATIONAL STABILITY THROUGHOUT FULL RANGE OF MOTION WHILE CONTEMPORARY MCL RECONSTRUCTION ONLY DOES IN EXTENSION
Authors: Borque Kyle , Han Shuyang , Gold Jonathan , Sij Ethan , Laughlin Mitzi , Amis Andrew , Williams Andy , Noble Philip , Lowe Walter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionHistoric MCL reconstruction techniques focused on the superficial MCL to restore valgus stability while overlooking tibial external rotation and the deep MCL. This study assessed the ability of a contemporary medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction and a deep MCL (dMCL) reconstruction to restore rotational and valgus knee stability.MethodsSix pairs fresh-frozen cadaveric knee specimens with intact soft tissue were tested in four states: 1) intact 2) after sMCL and dMCL sectioning, 3) contemporary MCL reconstruction (LaPrade et al), and 4) dMCL reconstruction. In each state, four loading conditions were applied at varying flexion angles: 8Nm valgus torque, 5Nm tibial external rotation torque, 90N anterior drawer, and combined 90N anterior drawer plus 5Nm tibial external rotation torque.ResultsTransection of the sMCL and dMCL resulted in increased laxity with valgus torque, external rotation torque, and combined anterior drawer plus external rotation. dMCL reconstruction restored external rotation stability to intact levels throughout all degrees of flexion but did not restore valgus stability at any flexion angle. Contemporary MCL reconstruction restored valgus and external rotation stability at 0° and 20° and valgus stability at 40°. In the combined anterior drawer plus tibial external rotation trial, the dMCL restored stability at 20° and improved stability between 40° and 90° flexion. Conversely, the contemporary MCL reconstruction did not restore stability at any degree of flexion.ConclusionDeep MCL reconstruction restored rotational stability to the knee throughout range of motion but not valgus stability. The contemporary MCL reconstruction restored stability only near full extension.
Excitation of surface plasmon resonance with sodium-based photonic crystal fiber for sensing applications
Authors: Yin Zhiyong , Jing Xili 
Published: August 2023

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors using precious metal excitation have encountered bottlenecks in performance enhancement. To address this issue, we propose a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor that utilizes a polymer-protected sodium film to excite the SPR effect. The PCF has hexagonally arranged air holes and a polishing plane. The sodium film is deposited on the polished plane and protected with polymethyl methacrylate or polydimethylsiloxane for refractive index sensing or temperature sensing. We analyzed this structure using the finite element method and found that the sodium-based SPR sensor has greater sensitivity, wider detection range, and higher figure of merit (FOM) than the SPR sensor using precious metal excitation. Numerical results showed that the maximum sensitivity was 35,400 nm/RIU, the widest detection range was 1.22–1.42, and the highest FOM was 3550RIU−1 at different sodium film thicknesses. When applied to temperature sensing, its maximum sensitivity is 20.5 nm/°C, and the temperature detection range is 0°C–100°C. In addition, our proposed sodium-based SPR fiber sensor is compatible with a thermo-assisted spin-coating process, so a good guideline scheme is available for the preparation. Therefore, our proposed sensor shows excellent potential in sensing and expands the application range of sodium-based plasma devices.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with vitamin D supplementation: A cross-sectional online community survey of adults in the UK
Authors: Tanna Nuttan Kantilal , Karki Manisha , Webber Iman , Alaa Aos , El-Costa Austen , Blair Mitch 
Published: August 2023

Objective
Assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of a diverse population. Identify barriers and facilitators that inform routine vitamin D supplementation and self-care in the community setting.

Design
Cross-sectional online voluntary survey. Electronic survey link published on college Qualtrics platform and advertised widely. Study information provided with Participant Information Sheet.

Setting and participants
556 community dwelling adults across the UK.

Methods
The overarching study included two phases, incorporating quantitative and qualitative methodologies. This paper reports findings from the first phase of the FABCOM-D (Facilitators and Barriers to Community (Healthy) Vitamin D status) study. Online survey questions were iteratively developed after background literature searches and piloted to ensure clarity and ease of understanding. Survey responses summarised using frequencies and percentages, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression models explored for any association. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys guided reporting. Statistical analysis performed using IBM SPSS software.

Main outcome measures
Awareness of vitamin D information sources, health benefits and testing. Attitudes to supplementation, sun exposure and fortification.

Results
Three quarters of the community had some awareness of vitamin D and around half were taking supplements. The two most trusted sources of information included health professionals and the NHS website. Participants were willing to pay for supplements, supporting a self-care agenda. With increasing age, there was significant reduced intake of vitamin D supplements. This aspect needs to be explored further as this could be a concern in deficiency status in the elderly. There was acceptance of food fortification but uncertainty on how to balance food intake with supplementation.

Conclusion
We were successful in eliciting views on KAPs around vitamin D from a community population including a large proportion of Black and Minority Ethnic individuals. The community wanted information and guidance to help manage individual vitamin D status, especially for high-risk groups, and on balancing supplementation, food fortification and sun exposure.
Influence of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on cell phenotype in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ni Pengyun , Pan Kaiting , Zhao Bingbing 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveRecent research has suggested that m6A modification takes on critical significance to Neurodegeneration. As indicated by the genome-wide map of m6A mRNA, genes in Alzheimer’s disease model achieved significant m6A methylation. This study aimed to investigate the hub gene and pathway of m6A modification in the pathogenesis of AD. Moreover, possible brain regions with higher gene expression levels and compounds exerting potential therapeutic effects were identified. Thus, this study can provide a novel idea to explore the treatment of AD.MethodsDifferential expression genes (DEGs) of GSE5281 and GSE48350 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were screened using the Limma package. Next, the enrichment analysis was conducted on the screened DEGs. Moreover, the functional annotation was given for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification gene. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis and the visualization analysis were conducted using STRING and Cytoscape. The hub gene was identified using CytoHubba. The expression levels of Hub genes in different regions of brain tissue were analyzed based on Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database and Bgee database. Subsequently, the candidate drugs targeting hub genes were screened using cMAP.ResultsA total of 42 m6A modified genes were identified in AD (20 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated genes). The above-described genes played a certain role in biological processes (e.g., retinoic acid, DNA damage response and cysteine-type endopeptidase activity), cellular components (e.g., mitochondrial protein complex), and molecular functions (e.g., RNA methyltransferase activity and ubiquitin protein ligase). KEGG results suggested that the above-mentioned genes were primarily involved in the Hippo signaling pathway of neurodegeneration disease. A total of 10 hub genes were screened using the protein-protein interaction network, and the expression of hub genes in different regions of human brain was studied. Furthermore, 10 compounds with potential therapeutic effects on AD were predicted.ConclusionThis study revealed the potential role of the m6A modification gene in Alzheimer’s disease through the bioinformatics analysis. The biological changes may be correlated with retinoic acid, DNA damage response and cysteine-type endopeptidase activity, which may occur through Hippo signaling pathway. The hub genes (SOX2, KLF4, ITGB4, CD44, MSX1, YAP1, AQP1, EGR2, YWHAZ and TFAP2C) and potential drugs may provide novel research directions for future prognosis and precise treatment.
The friendships of children and youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Spender Katherine , Chen Yu-Wei Ryan , Wilkes-Gillan Sarah , Parsons Lauren , Cantrill Alycia , Simon Megan , Garcia Abbygale , Cordier Reinie 
Published: August 2023

Background
Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience substantial difficulty maintaining meaningful friendships, which has implications for social functioning and mental health. No systematic review has investigated their friendship difficulties.

Objectives
To systematically review and methodologically appraise the quality of existing studies reporting on friendships of children with ADHD. To compare their friendships to typically-developing children, and examine associations between friendship and children’s social-emotional wellbeing and mental health.

Method
Six databases were searched. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the QualSyst appraisal tool and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Aspects of friendships measured were charted, along with comparisons between children with ADHD and typically-developing children and the associations between friendships and social-emotional wellbeing and mental health.

Results
Twenty-three cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal follow-up study were included. Studies included 1509 participants with ADHD, with 1197 typically-developing participants used as a companion in 19 of the 24 studies. Friendship quantity was the most investigated aspect of friendship. Children and youth with ADHD had significantly fewer friends, lower quality friendships and poorer friendship interactions. There were mixed findings from studies investigating the role or impact of friendship on social-emotional wellbeing and mental health. Twenty-two had strong methodological quality.

Conclusion
Limited longitudinal studies, small sample sizes and variability in measurement restrict the interpretations of friendship over time and the causal impact of friendship on social and emotional outcomes. Further research should investigate the role and impact of friendships on the social-emotional wellbeing of children and youth with ADHD.
Coverage survey of typhoid conjugate vaccine among children aged 6 months to 15 years in an urban slum settlement of Lyari Town Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Batool Rabab , Qureshi Sonia , Haq Zoya , Yousafzai Mohammad Tahir , Salam Rehana A. , Ali Rafey , Sadaf Tahira , Ali Miqdad , Qamar Farah Naz 
Published: August 2023

Objective
To estimate the coverage rate of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) among children aged 6 months to 15 years in Lyari Town Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to estimate the vaccine coverage of Typbar TCV in Lyari Town Karachi utilizing the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended rapid vaccine coverage assessment technique (30 clusters × 7 households). Sampling was powered at town level and multistage cluster sampling was used. Four union councils were randomly selected from a total of 11 and the survey was conducted in those union councils. After consent was obtained, parents of age-eligible children living in the selected union councils were invited to participate in the survey and information was collected on Typbar TCV vaccination status of children aged 6 months to 15 years.

Results
Overall, 2325 children were included in the survey. The mean age of the participants was 7.60 ± 3.84 years. The ratio of males to females was equal in the survey sample; 1163 (50.02%) were male. In the total target population, 82% children were found to be vaccinated; however, the vaccination status could be verified for 80%. The vaccine coverage of TCV was comparable among the four union councils and the overall coverage of TCV vaccine in Lyari Town was found to be 80%. The coverage was significantly lower in younger children, 5% and 17% among children aged 6 months to < 2 years and 2 years to < 5 years respectively and 78% among children aged 5 years to 15 years.

Conclusion
The overall immunization coverage rate with TCV was found to be satisfactory. Immunization coverage was comparable among both sexes and the selected union councils but it was relatively low among children in younger age groups.
STRESS AND DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF A U-SHAPED THIN AQUEDUCT BASED ON SHELL ELEMENT
Authors: Zhao Chuan , ZHANG LUO , FENG SA , ZENG PENG , Zhou Qiang , YU RUI 
Published: August 2023

In order to study the stress and deformation characteristics of Jigongzui U-shaped thin shell aqueduct structure, shell element in ANSYS is proposed to establish the three-dimensional finite element model of the aqueduct for numerical calculation, and the relevant mechanical parameters are obtained by detecting the depth of concrete carbonization. The simulated results show that: (1) The concrete carbonization depth of Jigongzui aqueduct reached 20mm, accounting for about 20% of the total thickness of the channel wall; (2) With the increase of aqueduct water level, the deformation and stress of the aqueduct body gradually increase. The maximum deflection in the middle of the span is 6.98mm, which is less than the limit value of the specification, but the tension in some areas at the bottom of the middle of the span is obvious, exceeding the allowable tensile strength. It is suggested to strengthen the aqueduct body by pasting high-performance fiber materials to improve the stress distribution of the aqueduct body; (3) Shell element has fast calculation speed and high efficiency when simulating similar U-shaped thin shell aqueduct, which can be popularized in simulating similar thin shell structures.
The role of polyamines in plants: A review
Authors: Aya Ihsan Rashan  , Rana T. Altaee  , Farah Sameer Salh  , Omar Younis AL-Abbasy  , Al-Lehebe Nashwan 
Published: August 2023

Polyamines (PAs) are linear alkali nitrogenous with two, three or more amino groups that have a low molecular weight. PAs are created by organisms thru metabolism and can be found in nearly wholly cells. They are considered a unique type of plant stimulant because they acts significant roles in many kinds of plant growth and developmental stages as well as stress responses. More evidence suggests that the PA can be produced endogenously or exogenously applied to improve plant reproduction, productivity, and bear stress. While the mechanism of polyamines influencing plant growth and stress responses is still not clear. We are making an attempt to supply an inclusive review of the available literature that explained the association between PAs and flowering, stress responses and senescence. This review aimed at this is focused and abbreviates how PAs enhances and increase plant productivity and then serve as a foundation for forthcoming study on the mechanisms of PAs exploit in plant reproduction and growth.
Modernes Archiv in historischem Gebäude – 10 Jahre Erfahrungen
Authors: Aumüller Michael 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Im Beitrag wird skizziert, unter welchen Bedingungen das Grundbuchzentralarchiv des Landes Baden-Württemberg entstanden ist. Zugleich wird die Baugeschichte des heute unter Denkmalschutz stehenden Fabrikkomplexes nachgezeichnet, der das Grundbuchzentralarchiv heute beherbergt, und es wird aufgezeigt, welche Herausforderungen damit verbunden sind. Im Weiteren wird kurz auf die Gebäude- und Regelungstechnik eingegangen. Der Schluss ist der jüngst eingeführten Software zur barcodegestützten Reponierung von Unterlagen und den ersten Überlegungen zum Einsatz von RFID-Technologie im Archivbereich gewidmet.
Symmetrized Two-Scale Finite Element Discretizations for Partial Differential Equations with Symmetric Solutions
Authors: Hou Pengyu , Liu Fang , Zhou Aihui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, some symmetrized two-scale finite element methods are proposed for a class of partial differential equations with symmetric solutions.
With these methods, the finite element approximation on a fine tensor-product grid is reduced to the finite element approximations on a much coarser grid and a univariant fine grid.
It is shown by both theory and numerics including electronic structure calculations that the resulting approximations still maintain an asymptotically optimal accuracy.
By symmetrized two-scale finite element methods, the computational cost can be reduced further by a factor of 𝑑 approximately compared with two-scale finite element methods when

Ω
=

(
0
,
1
)

d

\Omega=(0,1)^{d}

.
Consequently, symmetrized two-scale finite element methods reduce computational cost significantly.
Improvement of CBR of gypsum subgrade soil by cement kiln dust and granulated blast-furnace slag
Authors: Al-Gharrawi Asaad Mohammed Baqir , Sheer Ali Tawfek , Alzerjawi A. K. , Fakhraldin Mohammed Kadhum , Abdul-Husain Husain Ali 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Most construction projects face the problem of a high percentage of gypsum in the soil. To get rid of the unwanted effects of gypsum, which lead to the dissolution of gypsum in the presence of water and the settlement of the foundations of buildings and subsoil of roads, the researchers used several materials that can be added to the soil to improve its properties in resisting loads. This research presents a study of the effect of adding cement kiln dust (CKD) and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) on the California Bearing ratio (CBR) of gypsum sandy soil. The percentages of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% of additives by the weight of the soil sample were collected, and CBR tests were performed on dry and soaked samples. The main results showed that the ideal CKD ratio, which improves the CBR soil in a dry state, is 5% and in a soaked condition is 7.5%. Also, CBR in dry and soaked states increases slightly when the GGBS percentage increases reaching 10%. The use of GGBS gives an increment in CBR, which is around 1.6 times in a dry condition and 4 times in a soaked state.
On the object-individuation function of the East Sakhalin Ainu impersonal passive
Authors: Dal Corso Elia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an account of a Sakhalin Ainu (also Enciw‘itah, isolate, Russia and Japan) construction that semantically encodes an agent-patient interaction and that is characterized morphosyntactically by the expression of the agent with an oblique. In the analysis to follow, this construction is named ‘impersonal passive’ by analogy with a structurally and functionally similar construction attested in the Southern Hokkaidō dialects of Ainu. Keeping the main focus on eastern dialects, the paper takes a primarily semantic approach to the East Sakhalin Ainu impersonal passive and underlines a number of striking structural differences with the Hokkaidō counterpart. In addition, it will be argued that in the north-eastern dialects of Sakhalin Ainu, the impersonal passive can be described as an object-individuation construction (oic), which marks a patient object as referential and definite and has the pragmatic extension of overtly flagging the topicality of this object at the discourse level. As such, theoiccompensates for the lack or non-obligatoriness of overt marking for definiteness and topicality in Sakhalin Ainu. The present paper adds to our knowledge on the still under-described Sakhalin variety of Ainu and to our understanding of the verbal and nominal semantics of Ainu more generally, which to date remains a largely unexplored topic.
Paradigmatisches Übersetzen Chinesisch-Deutsch: Wann übersetzerisches Handeln selbst übersetzt werden muss
Authors: Kühnel Patrick 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag soll dargestellt werden, dass zahlreich insbesondere stilistische Problemfälle im chinesisch-deutschen Übersetzungkonstext nicht adäquat erfasst werden können, solange sehr grundsätzliche sprachphilosophische Faktoren vernachlässigt werden. Es scheint daher geboten, den Blickwinkel etwas zu erweitern und übersetzerische Fragestellungen in einen größeren kulturhistorischen und -vergleichenden Kontext einzubetten. Die vorliegende Untersuchung möchte hierzu einen Beitrag leisten und translationswissenschaftliche Probleme an den kulturvergleichenden Diskurs anschließen. Insbesondere soll gezeigt werden, wie unterschiedliche geistesgeschichtliche Traditionen die Gestaltung von Texten auf eine Art prägen, die mit Hilfe der verbreiteten Kriterien von Übersetzungsqualität nur unzureichend erfasst werden kann. Die zu diesem Zwecke eingeführte Unterscheidung zwischen dem Komitativen und Repräsentationalen Paradigma soll dazu dienen, häufig anzutreffende Übersetzungsprobleme in einen metasprachlichen Kontext zu stellen und gleichzeitig ein allgemeineres Begriffsinstrument zur Erfassung kultureller Differenzen bereitstellen.