bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐dependent pressure‐driven flow in a horizontal cylinder filled with a bidisperse porous material
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Musa Muhammad K. , Yusuf Kabir L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSome properties of time‐dependent that modify Brinkman equations for fluid flow in a cylindrical tube filled with Bidisperse Porous Material are discussed in this article. The fluid velocities through the fracture and porous phases of the Bidisperse Porous Medium (BDPM) resulting from the application of pressure gradient are described by two coupled second‐order partial differential equations. Laplace transform technique, D'Alembert and Riemann‐Sum Approximation Methods are used to obtain a semianalytical solution for the model. The choice of the D'Alembert is made to systematically decouple the coupled governing equations without altering their initial orders. The role of the coupling parameter: The coefficient of momentum transfer in the flow formation is considered. Accordingly, three cases are analyzed: (a) weak coupling which described the fluid flow in the absence of the coupling parameter, (b) the strong coupling resulting from a large value of the coupling parameter , and (c) fluid momentum for any arbitrary value of . It is observed that fluid stability is attained when and are decreased; a finding that agrees with the findings of Nield and Kuznetsov and Magyari. Also, the maximum velocity in the fracture phase of the BDPM is attained when the coefficient of momentum transfer is neglected while an opposing flow formation is demonstrated in the fracture and porous phases of BDPM as is increased.
Two‐phase modeling of evaporation characteristics of ethanol droplet under force‐convection environment
Authors: Mazumder Numan Siddique , Lingfa Pradip , Giri Asis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudies on the evaporation phenomenon of a pure ethanol droplet have been mostly confined to the semianalytical modeling in stagnant ambient. Investigation into this aspect in a convective environment by considering the Navier–Stokes equation is also minimal. Hence, in this study we analyze and investigate the evaporation characteristics of a single‐component spherical‐shaped isolated pure ethanol droplet under force convective air environment by considering both gas‐ and liquid‐phase motions, nonunitary Lewis number in the interface, variable Stefan flow (blowing) effect, and the transient droplet heating. The finite difference method is utilized while solving the governing equations of the spherical polar coordinate system for species, momentum, and energy transfer. The maximum Reynolds number and ambient temperature are kept at 100 and 600 K, respectively. The present work is validated by comparing the normalized surface regression curve of the droplet with the earlier experimental and theoretical results. Using the current simulated data, flow and temperature profiles of both gas and liquid regions are visualized in streamline and isotherm contour plots at various instants of time. It is observed that at a moderate Reynolds number a detached vortex forms at the downstream location of the droplet. However, the detachment length increases with time. The temperature gradients along the droplet surface are observed at the initial stage. Moreover, the heat‐up period occupies about 20% of the total lifetime of the droplet. The droplet life and heat‐up period decrease with an increase in free‐stream velocity. In addition, the saturation temperature increases with ambient temperature.
Using weight of evidence to assess degradation potential of UVCB hydrocarbon solvents
Authors: Prosser Christopher M. , Davis Craig W. , Bragin Gail E. , Camenzuli Louise 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Hydrocarbon solvents are a diverse group of petrochemical substances that are identified as unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs) and may contain tens of thousands of individual chemical constituents. As such, it is generally not possible to analytically resolve every chemical constituent in a hydrocarbon solvent. This, along with the low water solubility and/or high vapor pressure of constituents, precludes the use of many standardized tests designed to determine biodegradation in the environment (e.g., Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] 309). A weight of evidence approach may be needed to reduce uncertainty to an acceptable level such that a determination on the biodegradation of the substance can be drawn. Based on the OECD 2019 weight of evidence guidance, we present a framework using various lines of evidence that can be used to evaluate the biodegradation of a UVCB solvent in a weight of evidence approach. The lines of evidence include whole substance testing, data on representative constituents, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models, and biological plausibility. Using these lines of evidence, “Hydrocarbon, C11–C14, normal alkane, isoalkane, cyclic, &lt;2% aromatics” (EC# 926-141-6) was evaluated in a case study. Data from three whole substance tests, 43 constituents (representing 152 data points), three QSAR models and evidence of microbial degradation pathways were evaluated. Based on the available data, it is concluded that the solvent for the case study is not expected to persist in the environment. This framework sets out a real-world example of how the weight of evidence can be used to evaluate hydrocarbon solvents. While focused on persistence, similar approaches can be used to evaluate other endpoints such as bioaccumulation and toxicity. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1120–1130. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Unique sphingolipid signature identifies luminal and triple‐negative breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Kar Animesh , Medatwal Nihal , Rajput Kajal , Mandal Susmita , Pani Trishna , Khan Ali , Sharma Pankaj , Oberoi Ajit Singh , Vishwakarma Gayatri , Deo SVS , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Bajaj Avinash , Dasgupta Ujjaini 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (luminal and triple‐negative breast cancer [TNBC]) is the most common cancer among women in India and worldwide. Altered sphingolipid levels have emerged as a common phenomenon during cancer progression. However, these alterations are yet to be translated into robust diagnostic and prognostic markers for cancer. Here, we present the quantified sphingolipids of tumor and adjacent‐normal tissues from patients of luminal (n = 70) and TNBC (n = 42) subtype from an Indian cohort using targeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We recorded unique sphingolipid profiles that distinguished luminal and TNBC tumors in comparison to adjacent normal tissue by six‐sphingolipid signatures. Moreover, systematic comparison of the profiles of luminal and TNBC tumors provided a unique five‐sphingolipid signature distinguishing the two subtypes. We further identified key sphingolipids that can stratify grade II and grade III tumors of luminal and TNBC subtype as well as their lymphovascular invasion status. Therefore, we provide the right evidence to develop these candidate sphingolipids as widely acceptable marker/s capable of diagnosing luminal vs TNBC subtype of breast cancer, and predicting the disease severity by identifying the tumor grade.
Insect‐specific viruses used in biocontrol of mosquito‐borne diseases
Authors: Chen Jiating , Deng Shengqun , Peng Hongjuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMosquito‐borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue, Zika, and West Nile, have caused substantial disease burdens to the people living in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite decades of efforts in control, the prevalence, geographic distribution, and severity of these diseases are still deteriorating and the options for vector control are limited. Insect‐specific viruses (ISVs) can naturally infect and replicate in mosquitoes, and even be vertically transmitted from generation to generation, interfering with arbovirus' proliferation, and disturbing mosquito's physiology, which are harmless to vertebrates and have great potential for bio‐control. Insect‐specific RNA viruses (ISRVs) infection will inhibit the replication of mosquito‐borne viruses, which may be due to the close phylogeny of ISRVs and the arboviruses. Mosquito baculoviruses (MBVs) and mosquito densoviruses (MDVs) belong to insect‐specific DNA viruses. The former has limited pathogenicity to mosquitoes, while the latter can be horizontally and vertically transmitted in mosquitoes, resulting in habitat pollution, abnormal development or death of larvae and adults. In addition, ISVs can be used as fusion expression vectors to express insect virulence proteins in mosquitoes or directly inactivate important genes of mosquitoes. However, there are still many deficiencies in ISVs research studies. Clarification of the host limit mechanism for each ISVs and application of more targeted and efficient ISVs or toxins will be the future research directions.
Modelling the spray range of rotating nozzles based on modified ballistic trajectory equation parameters
Authors: Zhang Rui , Liu Yichuan , Zhu Delan , Zhang Xiaomin , Gao Fei , Zheng Changjuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe nozzle spray range is an important parameter in the design of sprinkler systems because it affects the wetted area and water application rate. In this study, the jet deformation parameter kjet, which can measure the mass and shape of the jet microelement, was investigated, and a spray range prediction model for a rotating nozzle was established based on the modified ballistic trajectory equation. A comparison verified the accuracy of the model, and the degree of influence of different factors on the spray range was analysed. The results showed the following: (1) The dimension of the jet deformation parameter kjet is the length L, which is a function of the nozzle diameter, working pressure and nozzle elevation angle. (2) The maximum mean absolute error and root mean square error of the current model at a nozzle elevation angle of 24° were 2.038 and 1.603, respectively, representing a maximum increase in prediction accuracy of 87% and 86.7%, respectively, over other models at the same angle. (3) A sensitivity analysis revealed that the factor with the greatest impact on the nozzle spray range was the nozzle diameter, and the smallest was the nozzle mounting height. (4) The maximum nozzle spray range was positively related to the nozzle diameter and working pressure, and the nozzle elevation angle varied at approximately 30° when the maximum range was reached. This study provides a reference for the design of sprinkler systems and the development of rotating nozzles.
How the quality of initial coin offering white papers influences fundraising: Using security token offerings white papers as a benchmark
Authors: Chou Shih‐Chu , Li Zhe‐An , Wang Tawei , Yen Ju‐Chun 
Published: January 2023

SummaryIn recent years, many initial coin offerings (ICOs) scams have been reported, attracting attention to this relatively new and unregulated ICO market, which lacks disclosure requirements and therefore suffers from intensifying problems of information asymmetry inherent in crowdfunding. As a prospectus‐type document, an ICO white paper serves as a major means of voluntary disclosure practices adopted by ventures seeking external financing. Given the importance of an ICO white paper and the difficulty of assessing its quality, we propose to benchmark it against white paper content for security token offerings (STOs)—a more regulated ICO subset. Using the similarity of ICO white papers with STO white papers to proxy for disclosure quality, we document that the ICO campaigns that have white papers more similar to STO white papers are more likely to raise funding successfully. Our findings provide implications for policymakers, ICO fundraisers, and investors on the importance of white paper quality.
Redefining pseudokinases: A look at the untapped enzymatic potential of pseudokinases
Authors: Pon Alex , Osinski Adam , Sreelatha Anju 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCatalytically inactive kinases, known as pseudokinases, are conserved in all three domains of life. Due to the lack of catalytic residues, pseudokinases are considered to act as allosteric regulators and scaffolding proteins with no enzymatic function. However, since these “dead” kinases are conserved along with their active counterparts, a role for pseudokinases may have been overlooked. In this review, we will discuss the recently characterized pseudokinases Selenoprotein O, Legionella effector SidJ, and the SARS‐CoV2 protein nsp12 which catalyze AMPylation, glutamylation, and RNAylation, respectively. These studies provide structural and mechanistic insight into the versatility and diversity of the kinase fold.
Submissive behavior as a transdiagnostic construct: Associations with internalizing symptoms and distress intolerance
Authors: Patel Tapan A. , Cougle Jesse R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveSubmissive behavior is associated with significant impairment and negative life outcomes. The goal of the present study was to determine the transdiagnostic nature of submissive behavior by observing its association with internalizing symptoms (i.e., social anxiety, depression, and worry) and distress intolerance. Additionally, we sought to determine the moderating role of gender in these relationships.MethodWe used a community sample (N = 208) to evaluate the hypothesized relationships between submissive behavior and internalizing symptoms.ResultsAll three internalizing symptoms were uniquely associated with greater submissive behavior when covarying for each other. Distress intolerance was also uniquely positively related to submissive behavior respective of general distress. Moderation analyses revealed that the associations between social anxiety, worry, and distress intolerance with submissive behavior were stronger in men rather than women.ConclusionThe present study provides novel evidence for the relevance of submissive behavior to internalizing symptoms and distress intolerance. We discuss clinical implications and directions for future research.
The risk matrix: Drug‐related deaths in prisons in England and Wales, 2015–2020
Authors: Duke Karen , Gleeson Helen , MacGregor Susanne , Thom Betsy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article explores the factors contributing to drug‐related deaths in English and Welsh prisons between 2015 and 2020. Based on content analysis of all Prison and Probation Ombudsman ‘other non‐natural’ fatal incident investigation reports, descriptive statistics were generated. Qualitative analysis explored the circumstances surrounding deaths and key risk factors. Most deaths were of men, whose mean age was 39 years. Drug toxicity was the main factor in causing death, exacerbated by underlying physical health conditions and risk‐taking behaviours. A variety of substances were involved. New psychoactive substances became more important over time. A high proportion had recorded histories of substance use and mental illness. During this period, the prison system was under considerable stress creating dangerous environments for drug‐related harm. This study highlights the process of complex interaction between substances used, individual characteristics, situational features and the wider environment in explaining drug‐related deaths in prisons. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Formal youth mentoring relationships in the context of risk: What is the role of caregiver–mentor collaboration?
Authors: Parnes McKenna F. , Herrera Carla , Keller Thomas E. , Tanyu Manolya , Jarjoura G. Roger , Schwartz Sarah E. O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost research on youth mentoring relationships has focused on the mentor–mentee dyad, yet caregivers play an important role in supporting these relationships. Drawing on a large, multisite sample of youth in formal mentoring programs (N = 2165), this study investigated associations between caregiver–mentor collaboration and mentoring relationship outcomes in the context of environmental and individual youth risk factors. Analysis of novel quantitative measures assessing caregivers' experiences of the mentoring relationships revealed two factors reflecting caregivers' collaboration with mentors (caregiver involvement and mentor backing), and three factors reflecting caregivers' perceptions of mentor effectiveness (meeting youth needs, advocating for youth, and supporting youth behavior). Results indicated that greater caregiver involvement was associated with higher‐quality and longer‐lasting mentoring relationships. Few associations between risk and mentoring relationships were observed; however, indirect effects indicated that youth environmental risk was positively associated with caregiver involvement, which, in turn, was positively associated with mentoring relationship outcomes.
Synergistic effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) during initial biofilm formation of the methanogenic consortium on polyurethane foam
Authors: Hudayah Nasrul , Suksong Wantanasak , Kongduan Varunee , Suraraksa Benjaphon 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the unfavorable conditions of anaerobic digestion systems, the attached or immobilized microbial communities used as biofilm are more resistant to being washed out than the suspended biomass. The biofilm formation was determined by the carrier characteristics, considering their physicochemical properties and high availability. This study presented an approach for improving the use of polyurethane (PU) foam as a biofilm carrier for methanogenic consortium.RESULTSThe effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on the reactor performance and biofilm formation was apparent during days 0–30. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, methane (CH4) composition, and CH4 yield of PAC‐supplemented reactor (R2) in this period were 71.40%, 82.0%, and 0.3 L CH4 g−1 COD removed, respectively; these values were higher than those of the control reactor (R1). In addition, a greater amount of biomass was observed on the PU foam of R2 (1.47 g VSS), indicating a higher biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that microbial biofilm on the PAC‐supplemented PU was also denser than that on the control PU. In addition, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detected layers of Methanosarcinales and Smithella sp.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that PAC supplementation had synergistic effects during initial biofilm formation of the methanogenic consortium by accelerating microbial attachment, preserving biofilm structure, and enhancing methanogenic activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Prevalence of sexualized drug use and risk of HIV among sexually active MSM in East and South Asian countries: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Nevendorff Laura , Schroeder Sophia E. , Pedrana Alisa , Bourne Adam , Stoové Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionSexualized drug use (SDU), the use of psychoactive drugs in the context of sexual intercourse, has been identified as a risk factor for HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Asia. Given the distinct social and cultural context of same‐sex relationships and drug‐using practice in Asia, we aimed to describe the prevalence of SDU in East and South Asian countries and its associations with condomless anal sex (CAI) and HIV status. Synthesizing SDU research in this region, including SDU definitions, prevalence and outcomes, provides insights to inform future research and improved programme planning, resourcing and advocacy.MethodsWe systematically searched OVID Medline, OVID EMBASE, OVID Global Health, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SCOPUS publication databases for scientific articles published from 1990 to 2022 measuring SDU among MSM in East and South Asian countries. A narrative synthesis was utilized to describe key study attributes and findings, and meta‐analyses using random pooled effect models were used to estimate SDU prevalence and its associations with CAI and HIV status. Subgroup meta‐analyses, sensitivity analysis and assessment of publication bias examined potential sources of heterogeneity for the pooled SDU prevalence estimates.Results and discussionOf the 1788 publications screened, 49 publications met the selection criteria and 18 were suitable for meta‐analyses. Findings highlight SDU definitions distinct from other regions but inconsistencies in the definition of SDU between studies that have been highlighted in research elsewhere. The pooled prevalence of recent SDU (past 12 months) was 13% (95% CI = 10–16%; I2 = 97.6) but higher when studies utilized self‐administered surveys (15%; 95% CI = 12–19%; p<0.05). SDU was associated with greater odds of CAI (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.82–5.66) and living with diagnosed HIV (OR = 4.73; 95% CI = 2.27–8.21).ConclusionsSDU is common among MSM in East and South Asian countries, but varying SDU definitions limit between‐study comparisons. Responses to SDU‐related harms should consider local contexts, including specific drug types used and their relative risks.
Tell Me What To Do Not How To Do It: Influence of Creative Outcome and Process Goals on Creativity
Authors: Keith Melissa G. , Jagacinski Carolyn M. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe current research examines the utility of using creative outcome goals and process goals to enhance creativity. We propose that although creative outcome goals are likely to have a direct positive impact on creativity, the relationship between process goals and creativity is mediated by creative process engagement. Results from an experimental study demonstrated that creative outcome goals, particularly specific creative outcome goals, relate directly as well as indirectly to outcome creativity through creative process engagement. Creative process goals, however, impact outcome creativity only indirectly through creative process engagement. Process goals also had a negative impact on perceptions of autonomy, which resulted in lower levels of intrinsic motivation and ultimately creativity. The findings suggest that goals can be effective for enhancing both creative process engagement and outcome creativity; however, care should be taken to ensure that goals do not negatively impact autonomy.