bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gendered Pattern and Predictors of Tobacco use in India: Evidence from the Second Round of Global adult Tobacco Survey
Authors: Nayak Gayatri , Kavitha A.K. , Satpathy Nancy , Mohapatra Ipsa , Epari Venkatarao , Kishore Jugal , Jena Pratap K. , Mohanty Parimala , Panda Santosh , Behera Chinmay , Singh Ajit 
Published: April 2023

Background:
India has completed the second round of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) to monitor adult tobacco use and progress in tobacco control efforts. This study assesses the gendered pattern of tobacco use and its predictors in the second rounds of GATS.

Material and Methods:
Publicly available GATS-2 (2016–2017) data was analyzed which contains self-reported tobacco use information of ≥15 years Indians (n = 74,037). The independent predictors of “smoking only,” “smokeless only,” and “dual use” among current male and female tobacco users were assessed using the multinomial regression model.

Results:
The burden of “smoking only,” “smokeless only,” and “dual-use” of tobacco were 8.9% (8.74–9.15), 16.69% (16.42–16.96), and 3.89% (3.75–4.03), respectively, in the second round with wide regional variation as well as male dominance in use. Region, age, education, caste, and religion were significantly and consistently associated with different types of tobacco use in both genders. Other contextual predictors of tobacco use were residence, marital status, occupation, awareness, and wealth index (WI).

Conclusions:
Tobacco use predictors and their gendered patterns are contextual. Monitoring the predictors for tobacco use, which may change over time, should be given priority in the national tobacco control program.
Predictors of Mortality among COVID-19 Patients - A Case Control Study at Tertiary Care Center, Nanded (Maharashtra)
Authors: Gattani Prakash L. , Nakel Mahavir P. , Inamdar Ismail F. , Maidapwad Sainath L. , Damkondwar Omprasad B. , Warkad Komal S. , Butte Rajabhau S. , Bansode Abhijeet L. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The novel Coronavirus is belonging to the family of SARS & MERS-CoV, the impact of the earlier is more dreadful as demonstrated by the steady increase in morbid cases. The average incubation period of COVID-19 is 1–14 days with a mean of 6 days. Aim - To evaluate predictors of mortality among COVID-19 patients. Objectives – 1. To assess risk predictors associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients 2. To a suggest prediction model for preventing mortality in future outbreaks.

Materials and Methods:
Study design – A case-control study. Study place -Tertiary care center, Nanded, Maharashtra. The present study included 400 cases that died off due to Covid-19 and 400 controls survived COVID-19 disease in a 1:1 proportion.

Results:
On admission, a significant difference was observed among cases and controls with reference to the percentage of SpO2 (p < 0.05). The proportion of associated co-morbidities among cases was very high i.e., 75.75% as compared to controls with a proportion of 29.25% co-morbidities. The median days of hospital stay were significantly lower in cases compared to controls (3 days vs 12 days, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Length of hospital stay (in days) was showing a significant difference among cases and control (3 days Vs 12 days); hospital stay was less (median 3 days) for cases, as they reported late and thus died earlier; hence concluded that early hospital admission will decrease chances of death due to COVID-19.
Status of Substance use among Undergraduate Medical Students in a Selected Government Medical College in Puducherry – An Explanatory Mixed Method Study
Authors: Lokesh N , Sivaranjini K , Rajaa Sathish , Bharadwaj Balaji , Sahu Swaroop Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Studies have shown increase in health-risking behavior and a decline in health-promoting behavior among medical students during their stay in medical school. This study aims to determine the prevalence and reason for substance abuse among the undergraduate medical students in a selected medical college in Puducherry.

Material and Methods:
This was a facility-based explanatory mixed method study conducted from May 2019 to July 2019. Assessment of their substance abuse was done using ASSIST questionnaire. Substance use was summarized as proportions with 95% CI.

Results:
A total of 379 participants were included in the study. The mean age of the study participants was 20 years (± 1.34). The most prevalent substance use was alcohol (10.8%). About 1.9% and 1.6% of students surveyed consume tobacco and cannabis, respectively.

Conclusion:
Facilitating factors for substance use as perceived by the participants were stress, peer pressure, easy availability of substances, socialization, curiosity, and awareness knowledge about safe limits of alcohol and tobacco.
Socioeconomic Differences of Intimate Partner Violence among Married Women in Indonesia: Does Poverty Matter?
Authors: Laksono Agung Dwi , Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Matahari Ratu , Suharmiati  
Published: April 2023

Background:
Society placed women living in the men’s world as inferior. Poverty as a stressor for men has the opportunity to make women victims of violence from their partners. The study aimed to analyze the effects of poverty on the risk of intimate partner violence among married women in Indonesia.

Materials and Methods:
The samples used were married women aged 15-49 years old. The weighted sample size was 34,086 women. Besides intimate partner violence as the dependent variable, other variables analyzed as independent variables were wealth status, residence, age, education, employment, living with in-laws, and recent sexual activity. The study employs binary logistic regression to determine intimate partner violence risk in the final stage.

Results:
The results show the poorest married women were 1.382 times more likely than the richest married women to experience intimate partner violence. Married women with wealthy status in the lower category were 1.320 times more likely than the richest married women to experience intimate partner violence. Married women with a wealthy group in the middle class were 1.262 times more likely than the richest married women to experience intimate partner violence. Married women with wealthy status in the more decadent category were 1.132 times more likely than the richest married women to experience intimate partner violence.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that poverty was a risk factor for intimate partner violence among married women in Indonesia. The lower the socioeconomic status, the greater the risk of intimate partner violence.
People’s Response to Disaster: A Population Based Study of the Victims of 2018 Flood in Kerala, South India
Authors: Thomas Pramod , Varghese Sangeetha M. , Benjamin Anoop I. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Natural disasters cause much hardship and suffering, loss of property, and increased morbidity and mortality amongst those affected. Timely and effective response for relief and rescue services go a long way in mitigating these consequences.

Material and Methods:
This population-based cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted in the immediate aftermath of the catastrophic flood that occurred in Kerala, South India, in 2018, documents the experiences of the victims, the community’s preparedness, and response to the disaster.

Results:
Flood waters reached levels of over four feet within the premises of 55% of the houses and nearly 97% had water flooding inside their homes. More than 93% of the households were evacuated to safer locations and relief camps. The elderly and those with chronic illnesses were the worst sufferers, unable to access medical aid. Many families (62%) received help from neighbors.

Conclusion:
However, the loss of lives was minimal, and could be attributed to the immediate response of the local community in rescue and relief work. This experience underscores the vital importance of the local community as first responders, and their preparedness for disasters.
Clinico Epidemiological Study of Human Leptospirosis in Hilly Area of South India-A Population Based Case Control Study
Authors: Udayar Sharvanan E. , Chengalarayappa Narasimha B. , Madeshan Ashwini , Shivanna Manjunatha , Marella Krishnaveni 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease in the world affecting both animals and humans. Environmental, occupational, and sociocultural practices which vary from region to region favors the disease transmission in addition to lacunas in prompt diagnosis and treatment of cases. There are limited data on the seroprevalence of this neglected tropical disease in India. To assess the risk factors associated with Lepospirosis disease.

Materials and Methods:
A population-based case control study was conducted in Kodagu district of southern India from January 2022 to March 2022. Of the 74 confirmed cases during the year 2021, 70 cases and 140 age group and gender-matched controls participated in the study. Data were collected by using semi-structured questionnaire containing details of sociodemographic, occupational, and environmental factors. The collected data were coded and exported to STATA (16.1) and analyzed by univariate and multivaiariate logistic regression to identify significant risk factors.

Results:
Environmental factors such as flooding or collection of water near the house (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 4.9, confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-17.0), proximity to an open sewer (aOR = 4.9, CI: 1.2-19.1) and occupational factors such as presence of skin cuts or abrasion during work (aOR = 4, CI: 1.4-11.6), direct contact with mud or water during work (aOR = 9.7, CI: 3.3-27.7), animal farming (aOR = 3.4, CI: 1.0-11.6), presence of rodents in the house (aOR = 4, CI: 1.2-12.6), and presence of rodent habitats like grain storage area (aOR = 3.5, CI: 1.1-11.0) were significantly associated with leptospirosis.

Conclusion:
Leptospirosis poses a potential public health problem in the district. Interventions like prompt diagnosis and treatment, sensitization programs, and rodent control measures will significantly control this neglected tropical disease.
Trends and Pattern of Diseases Under Integrated Disease Surveillance Project in Jodhpur, Rajasthan: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Shekhawat Jayshree , Kumar Deepak , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Meena Durga S. , Garg Mahendra Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Progress of the Integrated Disease Surveillance (IDSP) is of utmost importance to ensure optimal performance in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. The purpose of the study was to document the physical performance of the surveillance system on its core and support functions.

Material and Methods:
Mixed method study was conducted between September 2020 to October 2020. Quantitative data was collected from the district IDSP unit of the Chief Medical and Health Office (CMHO) for various blocks of Rajasthan using syndromic, presumptive, and laboratory-confirmed reporting formats. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee of AIIMS, Jodhpur.

Results:
Rajasthan reported outbreaks between 0.55 to 1.2% of the national average between 2015-2019. Acute respiratory infections, fever of unknown origin, and acute diarrhea were the leading diseases under the presumptive reporting format. Major syndromic cases reported were cough with/without fever (more than three weeks) and fever less than seven days with the rash. Laboratory-confirmed Dengue, Malaria, and hepatitis were reported more in urban Jodhpur.

Conclusion:
Despite some pitfalls, IDSP has made satisfactory improvements in its core and support functions in the Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. The number of preventable morbidity and mortality cases associated with notifiable infectious diseases in our country can be effectively countered by strengthening the IDSP reporting system.
Determinants of Depression Among Higher Secondary Students of Private Schools of Science Stream in an Urban Area of Western India
Authors: Patel Umed , Chauhan Dixit , Patel Mehul , Rahul Kirtikumar , Yadav Virender 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Depression, due to its devastating consequences, emerged as the third leading cause of mortality among adolescent school-going children. This necessitates research on determinants of depression among students for effective management. The present study evaluated the various determinants associated with depression among the science students of a private school in Rajkot city, India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was carried out among the 1219 students of a private school of science stream in Rajkot city, adopting multistage sampling methods. Students were screened using Patient Health questionnaire-9 (modified for teens) for depression. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the determinants associated with depression. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to find out predictors of depression.

Results:
About 31.99% of students were found suffering from depression. Physical illness, academic performance, substance abuse, feeling study tough, difficulties in transport, food, monetary and accommodation at a hostel or home, pressure from parents for study, physical activities, sleep disturbance, and bad relations with teachers and classmates were significantly associated with depression. While parental education, physical illness, addiction to any substance, and academic performance emerged only as a predictor of depression.

Conclusion:
The present study showed a significant proportion of students suffering from depressive symptoms and revealed predictors of depression among the students. These required integrated efforts to minimize the risk of depression among the students.
Assessment of Post-Vaccination Immunologic Responses in Inactivated Virus COVID-19 Respondents
Authors: Setianingrum Elisabeth L. S. , Lidia Kartini , Ratu Kristian , Teron Samson E. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The Indonesian Government’s plan to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, aside from implementing health protocols, also involves vaccinating everyone with the inactivated SARS CoV2 vaccine until herd immunity is reached. The aim of this study was to assess the post-vaccination immune response to inactivated SARS CoV2 vaccine, namely Sinovac/Sinopharm, by measuring the antibodies (IgM and IgG) in subjects after their second dose of vaccination.

Materials and Methods:
The design of the study was a cohort study using simple random sampling with 51 respondents aged 18–56 years who had received two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. All respondents were screened for SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to inclusion. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies were detected using a specific and sensitive automated chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). CLIA uses the Cut Off Point (COI) value of >1 AU/ml for IgM and the Reactive Value of >10 AU/ml for IgG.

Results:
This study showed that the IgM levels using a reactive Cut Off Point (COI) >1 were 18% in the first month, 14% in the third month, and 10% in the sixth month. There was a constant decline in the third comparison. Meanwhile, compared to the first month, 59% of respondents had IgG levels with reactive values over 10 AU/ml, which after decreasing by 35% in the third month, the number increased by 47% in the sixth month.

Conclusion:
It has been evident that IgG and IgM antibody response could be induced by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which can be influenced by age and detection time after the second dose of vaccination. Boosters, however, must be given after six months of the second dose, since antibody levels were seen to decrease after this period.
Renal Complications Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Vudathaneni Vijaya Krishna Prasad , Nadella Swetha Bharathi , Hema Duddukuri , Boyapati Ramanarayana 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Renal complications have previously been reported with various vaccinations, including those for influenza and hepatitis. On a similar note, a spectrum of nephrological complications, both de novo, and flare-ups, were reported after immunization with various coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, causing concerns among patients as well as physicians.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic search of the literature published on renal complications seen post-COVID-19 vaccination was performed up to April 2022 using electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar.

Result:
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, minimal change disease, glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury, nephrotic syndrome, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis were some of the renal complications reported upon administration of COVID-19 vaccines. The causality and underlying pathogenic mechanisms linking these complications and COVID-19 vaccination remain unclear. Nonetheless, a temporal relationship has been established with dysregulated T-cell response, transient systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine response, molecular mimicry, delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the vaccine, and other mechanisms such as hyperresponsive IgA, dysregulation of neutrophil extracellular traps were hypothesized as the possible mechanisms linking renal complications and COVID-19 vaccination.

Conclusion:
This review emphasizes the need for rigorous surveillance and reporting of the adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination and explores the underlying mechanisms instigating these renal complications in individuals vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Correlation between the Tobacco Free Educational Institution (TOFEI) Policy Compliance and Current Tobacco use among 13-15 Years Old School Students in Urban India: An Ecological Study
Authors: Ruhil Rohini 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The government of India has developed Guidelines for “Tobacco Free Educational Institutions” (TOFEI), which must be followed by schools across the country.

Materials and Methods:
This study utilized an ecological design to identify an association between “compliance to TOFEI guidelines” and the “current tobacco use” among 13-15 years school students in urban India. Aggregate data related to “current tobacco users” and “percentage of schools that followed tobacco-free guidelines” were taken from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) India- 4 (2019). We performed a simple linear regression model, and Pearson Correlation was used to see the said association.

Results:
The results showed that as compliance with TOFEI Guidelines increases in Urban India, Current Tobacco Use decreases among school students in the 13-15 years age group.

Conclusion:
Thus, it is essential to address enablers and barriers to adherence to the TOFEI guidelines, as it will help reduce the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in urban India.
Assessment of COVID-19 Impact on Commercial Sex Workers in India: A Formative Research by Media Scanning
Authors: Mahajan Nupur , Kohli Simran , Aggarwal Sumit 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic restricted movement, closed businesses, and economic activities which disproportionately affected people globally. This pandemic has resurfaced the existing cracks in the societal set-up and has pushed the vulnerable and marginalized communities like migrant workers, people with disabilities, geriatric population, and commercial sex workers (CSWs) to an edge for their existence.

Materials and Methods:
Due to the paucity of peer-reviewed research publications on CSWs, formative research was conducted to identify the determinants and attributes of the challenges faced by CSWs during COVID-19 situation in India. Media scanning approach was used to collate literature from newspaper and magazine reporting, and peer-reviewed articles were referred from research-based search engines.

Results:
In total, 31 articles were included for content analysis and four domains of issues i.e., economic, social, psychological and health related challenged faced by them were identified which are supported with the verbatims of the community members as reported in the data sources considered for this study. It was identified that the CSWs adopted several protective measures and coping strategies to deal with the pandemic situation.

Conclusion:
This research highlighted that there is a need for further exploration of issues among CSWs by conducting studies among the communities. Furthermore, this paper provides a scope for future implementation research by identifying the key priorities and determinants of the challenges among the personal livelihood of CSWs in the country.
Association between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Postpartum Depression among Women in Eastern India: A Cohort Study
Authors: Singh Arvind Kumar , Palepu Sarika , Saharia Gautom Kumar , Patra Suravi , Singh Sweta , Taywade Manish , Bhatia Vikas 
Published: April 2023

Background:
The study was planned to evaluate the association between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Postpartum Depression (PPD) in a rural population of Odisha, Eastern India.

Material and Methods:
Pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited and followed up till six weeks of postpartum. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus was assessed with 75 grams glucose challenge test and PPD was assessed at six weeks after delivery with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Statistical difference between variables was assessed using Chi-square test, Fischer’s exact test, and unpaired T-test. Covariates were adjusted using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between GDM and PPD.

Results:
Out of 436 pregnant women recruited, 347 (89.6%) remained in the study. Prevalence of GDM was 13.9% (95% CI: 10.7–17.3) and PPD was 9.8% (95% CI: 6.6–12.9). Incidence of PPD in the GDM group was 14.58% (95% CI: 4.2–24.9) and in women without GDM was 9.06% (95% CI: 5.76–12.3). However, the association was not significant on multivariate logistic regression (Risk Ratio (RR) = 1.56, 95% C.I: 0.61–6.16; P-value = 0.35).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that women with GDM were at higher risk of developing PPD suggesting that an “at risk” approach should be implemented for screening.
Incidence of COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients after Discharge from the COVID-19 Hospital
Authors: Kulshrestha Aayush , Aggarwal Richa , Kodan Parul , Singh Yudhyavir , Kumar Rakesh , Soni Kapil D. , Mathur Purva 
Published: April 2023

Background:
There are studies available on the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM) in hospitalized patients but not on the incidence of CAM in post-discharge patients. The aim of our study was to find the incidence of CAM in the patients discharged from a COVID hospital.

Material and Methods:
Adult patients with COVID discharged between March 1, 2021 and June 30, 2021 were contacted and enquired about sign and symptoms of CAM. Data of all included patients were collected from electronic records.

Results:
A total of 850 patients responded, among which 59.4% were males, 66.4% patients had co-morbidities, and 24.2% had diabetes mellitus. Around 73% of patients had moderate to severe disease and were given steroids; however, only two patients developed CAM post discharge.

Conclusion:
The incidence of CAM post discharge was low in our study, which could be attributed to protocolized therapy and intensive monitoring.