bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Keles Ozcan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines the primary question of this book and the practice-based theoretical approach to address it. In so doing, it underscores the need for a unifying theoretical perspective that can account for the symbiotic relationship between the formalised and experiential facets of religious knowledge to explain change in relation to either. This chapter explains the rationale for focusing on Islam and Islamic knowledge production and the methodological basis for the issues (not) traced in this book in the context of Islam and human rights. While doing so, this chapter also explains the reasons for adopting the Fethullah Gülen-inspired (Islamic) Hizmet movement as its single case study analysis, which it also introduces in this chapter. In this way, this chapter explains the significance of focusing on the organic unintended internal epistemic outcomes of Hizmet’s non-human rights practices on human rights. The chapter ends with a discussion of insider research and its implications for the present study.
Conclusion
Authors: Keles Ozcan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by appraising the findings from the two preceding empirical chapters to demonstrate how and why practice-based (Islamic) knowledge production addresses the animating question of this study as discussed in Chapter 1. The chapter then provides an alternative way of visualising the symbiotic relationship between the formalised and experiential facets of religious knowledge of practice-based knowledge production by dropping all case-specific entities from its analysis that were discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. That, in turn, allows us to increase the scope for deriving generalisable insights from practice-based knowledge production as discussed in this book. In so doing, this chapter shows how this research makes an original contribution to the literature on Islam and human rights, social movement studies, (Islamic) knowledge production, and Hizmet, as well as discussing the limitations of this study and further avenues of research.
Suharto's Cold War
Authors: Fibiger Mattias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This book argues that the Indonesian dictator Suharto used the global Cold War to wage his own domestic and regional Cold Wars, mobilizing international capital to construct a counterrevolutionary dictatorship in Indonesia and promote authoritarian reaction in Southeast Asia. In the wake of the murder of the leaders of the Indonesian army by elements of the Communist Party of Indonesia on October 1, 1965, Suharto orchestrated a politicide in which some half a million leftists were killed. But Suharto’s ambitions spanned far beyond mass murder. He sought to establish political stability, stimulate economic development, and promote regional security. Debt relief, international aid, and private investment enabled Suharto to bypass the processes of bargaining and compromise that undergird all political orders and establish a much more exclusionary regime than would have otherwise been possible. International capital also helped Suharto reverse a crippling economic crisis and ignite processes of economic development that won the New Order the loyalty of untold numbers of Indonesians. The Suharto regime also internationalized counterrevolution in Southeast Asia, establishing the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to contain Chinese influence and promulgating its authoritarian security doctrine of national resilience across the region. The history of Suharto’s Cold War ultimately reveals the pivotal role of capital in the unfolding of the Cold War in the Global South.
The Path to Power
Authors: Fibiger Mattias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that the origins of Suharto’s Cold War lay in his career in the Indonesian army. The Japanese empire created the institution that would evolve into the Indonesian army during the Second World War and imbued it with the values of fascism and militarism. During the national revolution that followed Japan’s surrender, the army fortified its illiberal outlook with a skepticism toward civilian authority and a hostility toward communism. The divisions within the nationalist movement exploded following Indonesia’s achievement of independence in 1949 and paralyzed the country’s democratic institutions. President Sukarno ultimately joined with the army to declare martial law and establish an authoritarian regime. To counterbalance the burgeoning power of the army, he cultivated the PKI and embraced its radical agenda. As the logic of Cold War came to define Indonesian politics, both the army and the PKI searched for international sponsors and began engaging in increasingly contentious and violent forms of politics.
An Anti-Chinese Axis
Authors: Fibiger Mattias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that Suharto’s Cold War encompassed an effort to contain Chinese influence in Southeast Asia. Suharto and the army regarded Indonesia’s ethnic Chinese population as potential conduits of Chinese influence and subjected it to discrimination and oppression. The army’s allies in civil society also rallied against Chinese consular facilities across Indonesia and eventually forced Suharto, reluctant to contravene Indonesia’s bebas aktif foreign policy doctrine, to “freeze” Sino-Indonesian relations. Beyond Indonesia, Suharto and the army worked to establish an anti-Chinese axis in Southeast Asia through a new regional organization: ASEAN. Enduring regional anxieties about Indonesian expansionism prevented the Suharto regime from fashioning ASEAN into a military pact, but the New Order used the regional organization to promulgate its authoritarian security doctrine of national resilience. Suharto’s regional Cold War also reinforced his domestic Cold War. The New Order’s international sponsors rewarded the Suharto regime’s efforts to preserve anticommunist stability in Southeast Asia with aid that furthered its consolidation of power in Indonesia.
Suffering of Older People
Authors: Fulmer Terry , Berman Amy , Slossberg Rebecca , Benedict Teffin , Sharif Rumaysa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the unique experience of suffering in older people, their families, and the nurses caring for them. Ageism, racism, and culture are key issues presented in this chapter to explain the individuality of suffering, especially among older people. The culmination of experiences throughout the lifespan impacts a person’s experience of suffering. Illness, changes in cognition, physical abilities, and other adverse events are more common among this age group and make suffering a more complex issue in older people. These factors need to be explored to effectively understand an older person’s suffering. Additionally, nurses and caregivers play a challenging role in alleviating suffering in this growing demographic. Through bearing witness to the pain and discomfort of their patients, they also experience their own suffering. Therefore, the nursing perspective is highlighted in this discussion as well.
Suffering Related to Mental Health Challenges and Traumatic Events
Authors: Harris Barbara A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the unique sources of suffering that arise from experiences of mental illness, trauma, and addiction. Common themes of suffering across the three are identified and include isolation, shame, guilt, and a sense of brokenness. Persons who identify with any marginalized or minoritized group can find their suffering compounded by socially mediated processes such as stigma, microaggressions, and barriers to care. Guidance for nurses’ responses to suffering revolves around acknowledgment that each person’s experience of suffering is unique and cannot be fully alleviated, even with medical intervention. Acceptance and human connection are identified as foundational in the relief of suffering. Actions and approaches nurses can take to facilitate healing connection and decrease suffering are discussed.
Suffering in Chronic Illness
Authors: Bechthold Avery C. , Dionne-Odom J. Nicholas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the distinctions among the terms “disease,” “illness,” and “sickness,” which reflect professional, personal, and social perspectives on human life, respectively, and clarifies the nurse’s role in responding to patient suffering. An exploration of suffering as it relates to the subjective experience of chronic illness is followed by in-depth descriptions of suffering in the context of five of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how nurses in clinical, research, and education roles may address the suffering of patients with chronic illness. The chapter aims to equip nurses with the knowledge to respond effectively and empathically to suffering rather than attempt to fix, change, or eliminate it.
Suffering of Caregivers, Loved Ones, and the Community
Authors: Gray Tamryn F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The alleviation of suffering is a key goal of hospice care and palliative care, particularly as patients and families are confronted with serious illnesses, which often threaten their sense of self and their future. In the context of serious illness and end-of-life care, patients and their family caregivers may experience various dimensions of suffering, including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. Suffering has the potential to lead to significant deterioration in well-being and quality of life and requires supportive and palliative care interventions that target the unique and complex manifestations of suffering. To adequately reduce suffering, it is essential that health care providers appropriately screen for suffering using validated measures and identify ways to respond effectively and empathically. Family caregivers are also vulnerable to experiences of suffering, particularly during bereavement, resulting in the need for health care providers to develop a trusting relationship with family caregivers and equip them with tools and resources to reduce their own suffering during this phase. Responding to suffering often means simply being with, witnessing, providing care for, listening, and supporting the person who is suffering. The goal of this chapter is to (1) define suffering of caregivers, loved ones, and the community; (2) discuss consequences related to suffering; (3) identify evidence-based ways to respond to suffering; and (4) outline the possible benefits of suffering including meaning making, personal growth, and introspection and reflection.
Social Suffering, Biopower, and the Naturalization of Inequality
Authors: Shook Alic G. , Narruhn Robin A. , Espina Christine R. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on better understanding social suffering and discusses a range of systemic and structural conditions that produce suffering related to unequal arrangements of power, particularly for marginalized populations. By drawing on the politics of suffering and conceptualizations of biopower, the text illustrates how social suffering is rooted in the creation of norms that govern the distribution of life chances and make some individuals more vulnerable to violence, exclusion, harm, and death than others. The naturalization of inequality is discussed, which frequently renders suffering among marginalized populations invisible. Three strategies from the authors’ prior work are presented as potential responses to social suffering: critical conscientization, structural competency, and advocacy, activism, and allyship. Nurses can utilize these strategies in their practice, scholarship, and teaching.
Suffering in the Face of Humanitarian Crises and Emergencies
Authors: Davis Sheila , Julmisse Marc 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores suffering in the context of humanitarian crises and describes how ongoing conflict can lead to disparities, displacement, and a continuous humanitarian response that requires comprehensive care to end the cycle of disease and poverty. A case study of Haiti’s nursing workforce at Zanmi Lasante/Partners In Health, a global health care nonprofit, is provided, along with specific examples of nurses and nurse leaders who experience burnout from chronic stress as a result of patient care. The argument is made that pathological resilience—particularly in Haiti where resilience is considered a way of life—must be reexamined to be viewed as detrimental to a nurse’s well-being and to the broader health workforce. The chapter concludes with an emphasis on the need for overall health systems strengthening, taking into consideration the position of both nurse and patient in order to deliver quality patient care through accompaniment alongside the provision of psychosocial and mental health support for caregivers.
Printing Music in Renaissance Rome
Authors: Bernstein Jane A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rome was second only to Venice as a center of sixteenth-century music book production on the Italian Peninsula. This book presents a broad view of music, print, and culture in the Eternal City from the origins of music printing in the late fifteenth century up through the early seventeenth century. It argues that economic and political factors encouraged Romans to become “boutique” printers, who, unlike their northern counterparts, customized their music publications to accommodate the requirements of a diverse clientele. Emphasizing the exceptionalism of these editions, the book highlights the innovative technologies, book forms, and mis-en-page utilized in the Caput Mundi, which included large folio and broadsheet formats, copperplate engraving, choirbook and open-score layout, as well as lute and keyboard intabulations. It considers the Church’s influence on the book industry and, in turn, the impact the Roman press had on such figures as Palestrina, Marenzio, Victoria, and Cavalieri. It reveals a synergistic relationship between music repertories and the materiality of the book, particularly during the post-Tridentine period, when repertories, both old and new, challenged printers to devise alternative printing methods and modes of book presentation in the creation of music editions, often of singular beauty as visual as well as musical objects.
Methods and Materials
Authors: Bernstein Jane A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 deals with the materiality of Roman music books. It explores the various printing technologies and book designs used in the Eternal City. It provides crucial details concerning the four different printing methods employed from woodcut and multiple and single impression letterpress to copperplate engraving. It also describes the wide range of paper sizes, book formats, and mise-en-pages utilized by Roman printers. By considering the different book shapes and sizes, it demonstrates how the physical and visual aspects of these publications played a key role in setting the Roman music book trade apart from other printing centers.
Marenzio and His Printers in Rome and Venice
Authors: Bernstein Jane A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter deslves into the early publication history of Luca Marenzio’s music. It considers the relationships Marenzio had with his printers by closely examining his first editions, particularly those emanating from Rome. Focusing on music printers in late Cinquecento Rome and Venice, it reveals how strategically Marenzio selected where his books would be issued and who would print them. It also uncovers the close connections that occurred among bookmen from the two Italian cities and how one Roman printer, Alessandro Gardano, played a crucial role in the publication of Marenzio’s music.
Selections from Instructions to the Assembly in Zhongfeng Extensive Record
Authors: Broughton Jeffrey L. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Translation 1 consists of four instructions that Zhongfeng delivered to his assemblies. These instructions mark certain occasions, such as New Year’s Eve, the first day of summer retreat, a snowfall, and the Lantern Festival marking the end of the New Year. They contain discussions of such topics as the following: “If you want to know the meaning of buddha-nature, you should contemplate the passage of time and origination-by-dependence”; “the hundred phantasmal dharmas are all perfect”; the wisdom of sameness; the huatou that has no meaning or taste; how the buddha-nature water coagulates into ice; the huatou is like the true wisdom of the sun that melts the ice; and the vain nature of searching for something outside yourself.
Self-Management in the Watch Factory
Authors: Hardt Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In 1973, when foreign buyers threated to shut down production in part or entirely, workers at the Lip watch factory in Besançon, France, occupied the plant and managed the factory themselves. The workers set up democratic committees to increase worker participation in decision-making and to improve work conditions. The worker-run factory became a reference point for a wide range of leftist groups throughout France. The workers were not able, however, to extend the self-management of the factory to a social project of self-governance outside of the factory. The Lip factory experience provides an opportunity to reflect more broadly on the political value of self-management.
Laboratory Italy
Authors: Hardt Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the late 1960s and early 1970s, industrial workers were widely viewed as the protagonists of revolutionary struggles. The workers’ organizations were thought to be able to extend outside the factories to organize and lead a social revolution. In the middle of the 1970s, however, as capitalist restructuring began to undermine the power of the factories, the revolutionary movements began to recognize that industrial workers could no longer serve as central protagonists. Subsequently there developed attempts to create a network of liberation movements that included various segments of the labor force along with student movements, feminist movements, and others. These organizational attempts were cut short by intense state repression in the latter half of the 1970s.
Life Without Degrees of Moral Status
Authors: Wendler David S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Most people believe there are degrees of moral status. They believe, most prominently, that animals matter morally, but human beings matter significantly more than animals. This belief explains why we put animals in cages, conduct pain-inducing experiments on them, and eat them for dinner. Belief in degrees of moral status also raises concern that robots and genetically enhanced human beings could become significantly more important than the rest of us, in which case they might be justified in putting us in cages, experimenting on us, and eating us for dinner. The present work thus systematically assesses whether, in fact, some individuals are more important morally than others. It distinguishes between moral status conferring, moral action guiding, and moral status enhancing properties, and it argues that degrees of moral status require moral status enhancing properties. It then considers whether some properties are moral status enhancing in the sense that they increase the most status of those who possess them. This analysis reveals that there are no moral status enhancing properties—hence, no degrees of moral status. The book finishes by considering the implications of this conclusion for seven important issues: (1) the difference between a world that includes degrees of moral status and one that doesn’t; (2) our obligations to help animals; (3) animal rights; (4) raising animals and eating them; (5) animal experimentation; (6) humans who lack superior cognitive capacities; and (7) genetically enhanced human beings, human-animal chimeras, and robots.
Peirce on Inference
Authors: Atkins Richard Kenneth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Above all other titles, Peirce prized that of logician. He thought of logic broadly, such that it includes not merely formal logic but an examination of the entire process of inquiry. His works are replete with detailed investigations into logical questions. Peirce is especially concerned to show that valid inferential processes, diligently followed, will eventually root out error and alight on the truth. Peirce on Inference draws together diverse strands from Peirce’s lifelong reflections on logic in order to develop a comprehensive perspective on Peirce’s theory of inference. Peirce argues that each genus of inference—deduction, induction, and abduction—has a different truth-producing virtue. An inference is valid just in case the procedure used in fact has the truth-producing virtue claimed for it and the person making the inference adheres to the procedure. In successive chapters, this book shows how Peirce supports the thesis that these genera of inference have the truth-producing virtues claimed for them and how Peirce responds to objections. Among the objections given consideration are the liar paradox, Hume’s problem of induction, Goodman’s new riddle of induction, that this may be a chance world, and that we are incapable of conceiving the true hypothesis. The book defends several controversial theses, including that Peirce does not so strongly object to Bayesianism as is sometimes claimed and that prior to 1900 Peirce had no explicit theory of abduction. It also proposes a novel account of abduction.
Validity
Authors: Atkins Richard Kenneth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Validity requires that the conclusion of the inference be a suitable sign substitute for the same objects the premises represent. According to Peirce, deductive, inductive, and abductive inferences can each be valid. With respect to deductive inferences alone, there is no distinction between validity and strength. An inference is valid just in case the procedure used in drawing the inference in fact has the truth-producing virtue presumed for it and the person making the inference follows the procedure. These truth-producing virtues are of three kinds: truth-preservation; truth-approximation over the long; and truth-conduciveness, provided there is any truth to be ascertained. Since Peirce only clearly distinguishes between abduction and qualitative induction after 1900, his earlier works contain different but related accounts of validity. Peirce must ultimately modify these earlier accounts in light of his mature theory of inference.
Induction
Authors: Atkins Richard Kenneth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In his mature work, Peirce identifies three species of induction. These are crude induction, qualitative induction, and quantitative induction. Peirce is often portrayed as a frequentist, but his position softens in his later works, allowing for a rapprochement between his frequentism and Bayesianism. Inductions are valid only if the procedures employed are truth-approximating over the long run. Inquirers face a problem approximating the truth, however, as our inquiries are limited to the short period of time in which we have inquired, localized to our corner of the universe, and possibly vitiated by individual biases. In order to address these concerns, Peirce shifts the burden of inquiry from individuals to an infinitely expansive community of inquirers. While this addresses the long-run validity of our inductive inferences, we also want to make them strong in the short run. Advice on how to make inductions strong can be found throughout Peirce’s writings.