bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Оцінка енергетичної ефективності мікрохвильового очищення грунту від антропогенного хімічного забруднення
Authors: Бошкова І.Л. , Волгушева Н.В. , Галкін О.І. , Борець С.О. , Бондаренко О.С. 
Published: January 2025

Наголошується, що з розвитком охорони навколишнього середовища рекультивація ґрунту стає все більш важливою, при чому в останні роки використовуються не тільки біологічні та хімічні методи, а також стрімко розвиваються методи термічної обробки завдяки високій ефективності та зручній експлуатації. Технологія мікрохвильового нагрівання привернула велику увагу, оскільки вона забезпечує економію часу, економічність і високу гнучкість. Аналіз літератури показує, що ефективна енергетична потужність і рівень температур для мікрохвильової рекультивації відрізнялися залежно від типу забрудненого ґрунту. Особливу увагу слід приділяти вологості ґрунту, тому що вона істотно впливає як на характеристики процесу нагрівання, так і на процеси, що відіграють роль усунення забруднюючих речовин. Наведені результати експериментальних досліджень, спрямовані на визначення енергоефективності мікрохвильового нагрівання ґрунту. Для досліджень було обрано чорноземний ґрунт з густиною ρ = 1150 кг/м3. Теплова енергія, що генерується у зразку, визначалась як сума її складових: частка на нагрівання самого матеріалу Qмат та випаровування вологи Qвип, що становить корисно використовувану теплоту Qкор, а також втрати в довкілля за рахунок променистого Qп і конвективного Qк теплообміну та втрати на нагрівання діелектричної комірки Qком. Отримано, що незважаючи на суттєве зниження вологовмісту зразків ґрунту, спостерігалось безперервне зростання температури, що свідчить про досить високі значення фактору діелектричних втрат, імовірно, внаслідок великої кількості органічних речовин. Коефіцієнт корисної дії мікрохвильової камери при завантаженні шару ґрунту товщиною 0,02 м та масою 0,4 кг складає 82 %, загальний ККД з урахуванням ККД магнетрону η = 0,63 %. Визначено значення напруженості електричного поля в мікрохвильовій камері, яке пропонується враховувати при конструюванні промислових установок для мікрохвильової очистки ґрунтів від забруднення хімічними речовинами
Evaluation of connectors' influence on the interface behaviour between concrete layers
Authors: Masėnas Juozas , Valivonis Juozas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The behavior of concrete interfaces cast at different times is influenced by many variables, including material characteristics, interface surface preparation, interface geometry and many more. The performance of such interfaces is not yet fully understood and is particularly challenging to predict. This paper presents and discusses the results of 17 experimental push-off tests, which varied in interface types and connector arrangements. Three types of interface connector arrangements were tested and compared: one perpendicular to the interface and two lattice girder configurations. Interfaces with lattice girder connectors exhibited greater adhesion resistance. Among these, one specific lattice girder arrangement demonstrated the highest resistance to shear following adhesion failure. A second type of lattice girder arrangement was responsible for the lowest interface crack width. When the perpendicular interface connector arrangement was used, the widest interface crack was observed. The experimental specimens also featured different interface surface types: smooth and shear key interfaces. The shear key interface achieved the highest overall shear capacity. Additionally, a novel theoretical model was employed to predict interface behavior up to considerable slippage. The impact of differential shrinkage on the adhesion resistance of the interface was demonstrated using theoretical shrinkage and interface behavior results.
Restrictive or Liberal Blood Transfusion in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and CKD
Authors: Strom Jordan B. , Herbert Brandon M. , Bertolet Marnie , Brooks Maria M. , Malik Shahbaz A. , Lemesle Gilles , Madan Mina , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Hebert Paul C. , Traverse Jay H. , White Harvey D. , Alsweiler Caroline , Gupta Rajesh , Ritt Luiz Eduardo F. , Menegus Mark A. , Alexander John H. , Lopes Renato D. , Chaitman Bernard R. , Carson Jeffrey L. ,   on behalf of the MINT Trial Investigators
Published: January 2025

Key Points

This Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion (MINT) trial analysis evaluated the optimal transfusion strategy for patients with CKD and anemia experiencing acute myocardial infarction.In patients with CKD, a liberal transfusion strategy overall did not demonstrate benefit over a restrictive strategy.

Background
CKD is associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction and anemia. Among patients with anemia and CKD who experience myocardial infarction, it remains uncertain whether a liberal red blood cell transfusion threshold strategy (hemoglobin cutoff <10 g/dl) is superior to a restrictive transfusion threshold (hemoglobin, 7–8 g/dl) strategy.

Methods
Among the 3504 patients enrolled in the Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion (MINT) trial with nonmissing serum creatinine, we compared baseline characteristics and 30-day and 6-month outcomes of patients without CKD (N=1279), CKD with eGFR 30–60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (N=999), CKD with eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (N=802), and CKD requiring dialysis (N=415) by assigned transfusion strategy.

Results
No statistically significant interactions were observed between CKD stage and assigned transfusion strategy. Among non–dialysis-dependent patients with an eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2, a restrictive transfusion strategy was associated with a higher risk of 30-day death or recurrent myocardial infarction (risk difference [RD], 5.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4% to 11.2%) compared with a liberal transfusion strategy. Among patients with an eGFR 30–60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, a restrictive strategy was associated with a similar risk of 30-day death or recurrent myocardial infarction (RD, 3.7%; 95% CI, −0.9% to 8.2%) compared with a liberal transfusion strategy. Among patients with CKD requiring dialysis, a restrictive strategy was also associated with a similar risk of 30-day death or recurrent myocardial infarction (RD, −2.6%; 95% CI, −10.0% to 4.8%) compared with a liberal transfusion strategy.

Conclusions
In patients with CKD included in this MINT subgroup analysis, a liberal transfusion strategy was not worse than a restrictive transfusion strategy and was associated with less harm in subgroups not receiving dialysis.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion (MINT), NCT02981407.
Probing the Pitfalls: Understanding SVD’s Shortcomings in Language Model Compression
Authors: Pletenev Sergey 
Published: January 2025

Background: Modern computational linguistics heavily relies on large language models that demonstrate strong performance in various Natural Language Inference (NLI) tasks. These models, however, require substantial computational resources for both training and deployment. To address this challenge, a range of compression and acceleration techniques has been developed, including quantization, pruning, and factorization. Each of these approaches operates differently, can be applied at various levels of the model architecture, and is suited to different deployment scenarios.
Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate a factorization-based compression technique that reduces the computational footprint of large language models while preserving their accuracy in NLI tasks, particularly for resource-constrained or latency-sensitive applications.
Method: To evaluate the impact of factorization-based compression, we conducted probing experiments. First, we chose a widely-used pre-trained model (Bert-base and Llama 2) as our baseline. Then, we applied low-rank factorization to its transformer layers using various singular value decomposition algorithms at different compression rates. After that, we used probing tasks to analyze the changes in the internal representations and linguistic knowledge of the compressed models. We compared the changes in the model's internal representations with its ability to solve natural language inference (NLI) tasks and the compression rate achieved through factorization.
Results: Naive uniform factorization often led to significant accuracy drops, even at small compression rates, reflecting a noticeable degradation in the model's ability to understand textual entailments. Probing tasks showed that these uniformly compressed models lost important syntactic and semantic information, which aligned with the performance decline we observed. However, targeted compression approaches, such as selectively compressing the most redundant parts of the model or weighting algorithms, mitigated these negative effects.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that factorization, when used properly, can significantly reduce computational requirements while preserving the core linguistic capabilities of large language models. Our research can inform the development of future compression techniques that adapt factorization strategies to the inherent structure of models and their tasks. These insights can help deploy LLMs in scenarios with limited computational resources.
Stroke in COVID-19 patients in Togo (2021)
Authors: Kossivi Apetse , Koumateh Marzouk Afoda , Augustin Bitankade Kabassem , Ornéla Assiobo-Tipoh , Komla Nyinèvi Anayo , Vinyo Kodzo Kumako , Komi Assogba , Koffi Agnon Balogou 
Published: January 2025

Cases of stroke have been reported in COVID-19 patients. In sub-Saharan Africa where the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has experienced some particularities, the link between stroke and COVID-19 is not well established. This study aims to describe the characteristics of strokes associated with COVID-19 in Togo during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
A case series study including 36 patients confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 and suffering from stroke, hospitalised in the biggest Togolese centre for the care of patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease during the period from January to December 2021.
Of 1,043 hospitalised COVID-19 patients, 36 (3.4%) had a stroke (mean age = 59.0 ± 14 years, sex ratio = 1). Among them, 4 (11.1%) didn’t have vascular risk factors. Hypertension was found in 86.1% of patients. The mean NIHSS was 9.7 ± 2.5. The types of strokes were mainly: ischemic stroke (80.6%) and intracerebral hemorrhages (16.7%). We recorded 12 deaths (33.3%). Impaired alertness (OR=7.60 [1.60-36.90]) and NIHSS on admission >15 (OR=16.40 [1.63-164.78]) associated with mortality (p < 0.05)
Strokes are relatively common in COVID-19 patients. The profile of these strokes is different from the one of the strokes outside the epidemic context by the greater frequency of ischemic stroke and higher mortality. COVID-19 appears to harm the frequency and outcome of strokes.
Novel 3D-Printed Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis for Reconstruction After Resection of the Scapular
Authors: Li Xiumao , Zhang Yu , Yan Xiaobo , Lin Nong 
Published: January 2025

Case:
The effective reconstruction and functional restoration of the shoulder joint after surgical treatment of shoulder girdle tumors, especially those involving resection of the glenoid, poses significant challenges. Reconstruction methods include allograft reconstruction and shoulder prosthesis. In this report, we present 2 cases of scapulectomy for tumors involving the glenoid, followed by shoulder reconstruction using custom-designed reverse shoulder prostheses that are partially fixed to the clavicle. Functional outcomes were satisfactory at 25 and 19 months, respectively.

Conclusion:
This novel prosthesis design, which is partially fixed to the clavicle, provides stability and promising functional outcomes in scapular reconstruction with short-term follow-up.
Aspectos emocionales de cuidadores primarios de personas que reciben atención psicológica
Authors: Alvarez Bermudez Javier , Meza Peña Cecilia 
Published: January 2025

Mental health care for caregivers of people with a mental disorder or psychosocial disability provides a comprehensive health plan for society, while equipping this sector with knowledge and appropriate practices to continue providing support to their family members living with a mental health problem. Method. The study had a cross-sectional design with the objective of evaluating the emotional aspects of the role of primary caregivers of young people with mental health problems attending a psychological care center in northeastern Mexico. Sixty caregivers participated with a mean age of 42.40 years (SD= 11.25). The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used. Results. 21.6% of the participants presented moderate to severe depression, 25% presented moderate to severe anxiety, although extremely severe anxiety was observed in 15%, and 36.6% presented moderate to severe stress. The three variables are related to each other. In addition, significant differences could be observed between anxiety by sex groups and by socioeconomic level there are differences in the perception of depression or anxiety. Conclusions. The role of informal caregiver of a person with mental health problems not only entails physical wear and tear, but also undermines the mental health of the caregiver, mainly with symptoms of anxiety and stress, so it is important to provide this population group with coping strategies to deal with the worries they live with.
RETRACTED: Design of an antimicrobial peptide for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria by a strategy integrating multiple modifications
Authors: liu Zhonghua , Wu Kun , zhang peng , Zhu Jiaoyue , Zhu Jingyu , Liu Yicheng , Hu Min , Ding Changhao , Yin Yekui , Wang Ling , Wen Yuhan , Nie Yueqi , Cai Xinyang , Chen Ke , zeng youlin , Liang Songping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Bottom-up and top-down forces regulate spruce budworm biological performance on white spruce regeneration
Authors: Noor Sabina , Gozalzadeh Zahra , Yataco Allison Pamela , Girona Miguel Montoro , Despland Emma 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Young plantation trees are often highly vulnerable to insect herbivory in ways that are difficult to predict as underlying mechanisms linked to plant traits and natural enemy pressure interact in context-dependent ways. We compared bottom-up and top-down forces acting on spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) on young white spruce (Picea glauca) trees in plantations vs in natural regeneration under hardwood canopy. Recognized as the most important outbreaking conifers defoliator in Eastern Canada, we aim to better understand how its herbivory on young trees can affect post-outbreak forest succession. We conducted a 4-year field survey in Northwestern Québec, Canada, to compare plant phenology, budworm density, defoliation rates, predator populations, and parasitism between two habitats. We also designed manipulative experiments with sentinel larvae to assess bottom-up and top-down forces in these habitats. The field survey showed earlier budburst phenology in plantation trees, which improves synchronization with a model (BioSIM) predicted timing of budworm emergence from diapause. The field survey showed higher budworm density and lower larval parasitism in plantations, but no significant difference in current-year growth defoliation during the initial outbreak phase. The bottom-up experiment showed slightly better budworm biological performance, indicated by higher pupal mass, in plantations. The top-down experiment showed greater predator and parasitoid pressure in the understory. Together, our results show how mechanisms controlling insect defoliator populations are context-dependent. In plantations both bottom-up and top-down forces on the spruce budworm are relaxed in these open habitats, leading to better biological performance and higher population density of this forest pest.
Hi-TARGET: A fast, efficient and versatile CRISPR type I-B genome editing tool for the thermophilic acetogen Thermoanaerobacter kivui
Authors: Sitara Angeliki , Hocq Rémi , Lu Alexander Jiwei , Pflügl Stefan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Due to its ability to grow fast on CO2, CO and H2 at high temperatures and with high energy efficiency, the thermophilic acetogen Thermoanaerobacter kivui could become an attractive host for industrial biotechnology. In a circular carbon economy, diversification and upgrading of C1 platform feedstocks into value-added products (e. g. ethanol, acetone and isopropanol) could become crucial. To that end, genetic and bioprocess engineering tools are required to facilitate development of bioproduction scenarios. Currently, the genome editing tools available for T. kivui present some limitations in speed and efficiency, thus restricting the development of a powerful strain chassis for industrial applications.
Results
In this study, we developed the versatile genome editing tool Hi-TARGET, based on the endogenous CRISPR Type I-B system of T. kivui. Hi-TARGET demonstrated 100% efficiency for gene knock-out (from both purified plasmid and cloning mixture) and knock-in, and 49% efficiency for creating point mutations. Furthermore, we optimized the transformation and plating protocol and increased transformation efficiency by 245-fold to 1.96 x 104 ± 8.7 x 103 CFU µg− 1. Subsequently, Hi-TARGET was used to demonstrate gene knock-outs (pyrE, rexA, hrcA), a knock-in (ldh::pFAST), a single nucleotide mutation corresponding to PolCC629Y, and knock-down of the fluorescent protein pFAST. Analysis of the ∆rexA deletion mutant created with Hi-TARGET revealed that the transcriptional repressor rexA is likely involved in the regulation of the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh). Following genome engineering, an optimized curing procedure for edited strains was devised. In total, the time required from DNA to a clean, edited strain is 12 days, rendering Hi-TARGET a fast, robust and complete method for engineering T. kivui.
Conclusions
The CRISPR-based genome editing tool Hi-TARGET developed for T. kivui can be used for scarless deletion, insertion, point mutation and gene knock-down assays, thus fast-tracking the generation of industrially-relevant strains for the production of carbon-negative chemicals and fuels as well as facilitating studies of acetogen metabolism and physiology.
Context is Learned, not Given
Authors: Peschken Juan Medina , Hahn Lukas , Pusch Roland , Rose Jonas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The saying "context is everything" underscores the importance of interpreting things, be they quotes, events, actions, or stimuli, not in isolation but in the light of a bigger picture - their context. This is evident even in fundamental forms of learning such as extinction learning where, in contextual renewal, an extinguished response reoccurs if the context is changed. But what exactly is context? Is context given by stimuli with inherent properties making them context or, what are the circumstances that allow a stimulus to become “contextual”? Even though the answer may seem intuitively trivial, the literature only provides competing and vague definitions. Using a novel paradigm in pigeons, we directly assessed competing stimuli in their ability to induce contextual renewal during extinction learning. Furthermore, we controlled the timing of these stimuli and found it to be crucial; with the right contiguity, even small local stimuli resulted in the strongest contextual renewal. This result challenges definitions of context as ‘a backdrop where learning occurs’. Instead, we propose that context can be understood mechanistically as a learned stimulus property. Therefore, context truly is everything and anything.
Structural optimization for the frame structures based on the DNN models and Bayesian optimization method in generative design
Authors: Yang Zixuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study presents a framework to evaluate the structural optimization of the frame structures based on the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), numerical simulations, and Bayesian optimization method. The developed deep learning-based (DNN) models are developed with the input data obtained from the numerical simulations, and the performance outputs of mass (M), displacement (D), and safety factor (FS), which are able to achieve accurate predictions of nonlinear structure-parameters relationships using deep neural networks. The optimized designs with optimization objectives as deflection is obtained efficiently and precisely using Bayesian Optimization algorithm. Moreover, the present study demonstrates that the DNN-based model integrated with generative design outcomes and Bayesian optimization algorithm can provide a promising tool for the design and optimization of frame structures in product design.
Harnessing cell-surface CD26 proteolysis-targeting chimeras for molecular targeted therapy against non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gong Qiuyu , Guangjian Zhang , Liu Bohao , Qiao Deqian , Zhu Xingzhuo , Huang Jiaqi , Gao Rui , Zhang Linjuan , Wang Jizhao , Huang Yinjuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Molecular targeted therapy (MTT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been a central issue for a long time. However, drug resistance and extra toxicity have limited its further clinical applications. Herein, taking advantages of the proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), a series of PROTAC degraders (P4-1 to 4) targeting cell-surface CD26 (a potential target for NSCLC) have been developed for MTT of NSCLC. To achieve the efficient degradation of cell surface proteins, which is a huge challenge, the molecular structures of degraders were rational designed and optimized. Remarkably, CD26 can be degraded by P4-3 evidently at low dose (~ 500 nM) without degrading CD26 isoenzymes, which was independent of autophagy pathway. Surprisingly, the proliferation of representative NSCLC cells (NCl-H460 and NCl-H1299 cells) and tumors were significantly inhibited by P4-3, and no toxicity of P4-3 for BEAS-2B cells (human lung normal epithelial cells) were obtained. More interestingly, the powerful proliferation inhibition capabilities of P4-3 for organoids were observed. Moreover, a mechanism of P4-3 for treatment of NSCLC was proposed, which is the degradation of CD26 that induce the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of NSCLC cells, tumors and organoids. Our exciting findings put forward instructive thoughts for the development of promising treatment strategies for NSCLC.
Evaluation of Sleep Quality and Healthy Eating Status in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: YILMAZ BUKET ÖZKARA 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the relationship between blood sugar regulation, sleep quality, and dietary habits among individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Methods
195 type 1 diabetic patients (110 women and 85 men) between the ages of 18 and 65 undergoing insulin treatment at Gaziantep City Hospital. Participants' blood sugar levels (HbA1c), sleep quality (measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI), and dietary habits (measured by the Healthy Eating Index) were assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between PSQI scores, HbA1c levels, and Healthy Eating Index scores.
Results
A significant association was found between sleep quality and blood sugar regulation, as indicated by HbA1c levels. Participants with HbA1c levels greater than 7% tended to have poorer sleep quality compared to those with lower HbA1c levels. Conversely, participants with HbA1c levels of ≤ 7% demonstrated significantly better dietary habits, as reflected by higher Healthy Eating Index scores.
Conclusions
The study suggests a strong correlation between blood sugar regulation, sleep quality, and dietary habits in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Maintaining optimal blood sugar management, promoting good sleep hygiene, and adhering to a healthy diet are essential for managing type 1 diabetes effectively. Strategies to improve sleep quality and dietary habits may contribute to better blood sugar control and overall well-being in individuals with type 1 diabetes.