bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual harassment, sexual assault, violence, self‐esteem, and the role of LGBTQ‐specific parental support in a sample of Latinx sexual and gender minority youth
Authors: Abreu Roberto L. , Skidmore Samuel J. , Badio Koree S. , Lefevor G. Tyler , Gattamorta Karina A. , Watson Ryan J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionOftentimes as result of racism, cissexism, and heterosexism, many Latinx and sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth are victims of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence. These experiences of victimization are in part related to increased negative mental health outcomes such as decreased self‐esteem. Some research links LGBTQ‐specific parental support to mental health outcomes among Latinx SGM youth, yet, no research has explored the role of LGBTQ‐specific parental support with self‐esteem among Latinx SGM youth.MethodsIn a sample of 1,012 Latinx SGM youth (ages 13–17), we assessed: (a) associations between sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence and self‐esteem, (b) association between LGBTQ‐specific parental support and self‐esteem, and (c) whether LGBTQ‐specific parental support moderated the relation between sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence and self‐esteem. Main effect and moderation analyses examined interactions between LGBTQ‐specific parental support with sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence on self‐esteem.ResultsLatinx SGM youth experienced low levels of LGBTQ‐specific parental support and various degrees of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence. Also, transgender and nonbinary/genderqueer Latinx youth experienced lower self‐esteem than their Latinx cisgender counterparts. Increased LGBTQ‐specific parental support was related to increased self‐esteem. We also identified a significant interaction between sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence and LGBTQ‐specific parental support, such that parental support was more protective at low levels rather than high levels of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and violence among Latinx SGM youth.ConclusionsFindings add to a growing body of research about the importance of LGBTQ‐specific parental support for Latinx SGM youth, and the need to examine culturally appropriate approaches to understand parent‐child relationship among these communities.
Child abuse and individual traits related to developmental trajectories of bullying victimization: An integrated, multitheoretical approach
Authors: Cho Sujung , Harper Shannon B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents who experience prior victimization such as child abuse within the home and experience low self‐esteem/depression are at higher risk of repetitive bullying victimization when compared to those without such experiences. Recent scholarship has explored growth trajectories of bullying during adolescent development; however, relatively little is known about distinct trajectory patterns of bullying victimization across adolescent development. The current study identifies unobserved subgroups thus capturing the heterogeneity in developmental pathways in bullying victimization.MethodThe current study uniquely utilized a multitheoretical approach to help explain the phenomenon of bullying victimization among a national sample of 2,190 youth in South Korea from 2010 to 2016. Theories tested include the integrated approach of target congruence, lifestyle and routine activities theories (LRAT), and the state dependence and population heterogeneity perspectives. To conduct this analysis, we performed a three‐step latent class growth analysis.ResultsThe study revealed three distinct trajectory groups. Korean adolescents who had higher levels of low self‐esteem demonstrated greater odds of belonging to both the early‐onset and decreasing and increasing and late peak groups. Those who had low‐self‐esteem and were depressed demonstrated greater odds of belonging to the early‐onset and decreasing group. Prior experience of child abuse for the early‐onset and decreasing group was fully mediated by the measures of target congruence and lifestyles.ConclusionThe current study contributes to research on developmental victimization by demonstrating the utility of integrating target congruence variables with lifestyle‐routine activity concepts in explaining heterogeneity.
Physical compensation method for dispersion of multiple materials in swept source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Huang Jiangjie , Fan Jinyu , He Yi , Shi Guohua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn ophthalmic swept source‐optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) system based on a high‐speed scanning laser at 1060 nm with a scanning rate of 100 KHz is constructed. Since the sample arm of the interferometer is comprised of multiple glass materials, the ensuing dispersion severely degrades imaging quality. In this article, second‐order dispersion simulation analysis for various materials was performed first, and dispersion equilibrium was implemented utilizing physical compensation methods. After dispersion compensation, an imaging depth in air of 4.013 mm was achieved in model eye experiments, and signal‐to‐noise ratio was enhanced by 11.6%, with a value of 53.8 dB. In vivo imaging of the human retina was performed to demonstrate structurally distinguishable retinal images, characterized by an axial resolution improvement of 19.8%, with a value of 7.7 μm close to the theoretical value of 7.5 μm. The proposed physical dispersion compensation method enhances imaging performance in SS‐OCT systems, enabling visualization of several low scattering mediums.
Genetic counselors' research dissemination practices and attitudes
Authors: Blanche Emma , Wainstein Tasha , Dey Alivia ,   GenCOUNSEL Study, Elliott Alison M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBenefits have been demonstrated to disseminating aggregate research results to all relevant audiences, including study participants. Despite this, many health researchers face barriers in dissemination to broad audiences and returning aggregate results to participants is not commonly practiced. Due to their research presence and training in communication, genetic counselors can lead in implementing best practices in this area. We explored genetic counselors' current practices and opinions regarding educating study participants and wider audiences of research findings. We distributed a survey of 32 multiple‐choice and open‐ended questions to National Society of Genetics Counselors (NSGC) and Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors (CAGC) members. Most respondents (90.1%, n = 128/142) identified with a responsibility to disseminate their research findings to a broad audience and identified several associated benefits. All respondents saw value in communicating aggregate results to study participants, although over half (53.2%, n = 66/124) had never done so. Genetic counselors reported resource and knowledge barriers to research dissemination. Despite expertise in education and communication, genetic counselors face similar barriers as other researchers toward broad dissemination of research. Formal training and professional guidelines specific to research dissemination practices will equip genetic counselors to reach broader audiences and maximize the impact of research findings.
Impacts of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and deforestation on extreme rainfall events in the Amazon basin: A multi‐model ensemble‐based study
Authors: Brito A. L. , Veiga J. A. P. , Correia F. S. , Michiles A. A. , Capistrano V. B. , Chou S. C. , Lyra A. , Medeiros G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) and total deforestation of the Amazon on extreme rainfall events in the Amazon basin. In order to quantify these impacts, numerical experiments were performed with the Eta regional climate model forced from initial and boundary conditions from the BESM, HadGEM2‐ES, and MIROC5 earth system models. In the experiment related to the increase in GHGs, numerical simulations were performed according to the IPCC RCP8.5 scenario. The effect of deforestation was quantified via an experiment in which the forest in the Amazon basin was replaced by areas of degraded pasture in the Eta model. For the analyses of the changes in extreme rainfall events, the multi‐model ensemble technique was used. The results were evaluated in terms of anomalies relative to the sensitivity and control experiments. In the results, it was observed that in an RCP8.5‐type GHG emission scenario there is a statistically significant increase in the maximum number of consecutive days without rain, a reduction in the maximum number of consecutive rainy days, reduction in total annual precipitation, and reduction in maximum annual precipitation accumulated over one and 5 days, respectively. The results for the scenario with increased GHGs and large‐scale deforestation in the Amazon basin are similar to the RCP8.5 scenario, but the intensity of changes in climate indices is significantly greater. It was also verified that the changes in the climatic indices are strongly associated with alterations in the energy balances at the surface and, consequently, in the large‐scale circulation. In general, it can be highlighted that the climate in the Amazon region is strongly dependent on the presence of the forest.
Estimation of heterogeneity variance based on a generalized Q statistic in meta‐analysis of log‐odds‐ratio
Authors: Kulinskaya Elena , Hoaglin David C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor estimation of heterogeneity variance in meta‐analysis of log‐odds‐ratio, we derive new mean‐ and median‐unbiased point estimators and new interval estimators based on a generalized statistic, , in which the weights depend on only the studies' effective sample sizes. We compare them with familiar estimators based on the inverse‐variance‐weights version of , In an extensive simulation, we studied the bias (including median bias) of the point estimators and the coverage (including left and right coverage error) of the confidence intervals. Most estimators add to each cell of the table when one cell contains a zero count; we include a version that always adds . The results show that: two of the new point estimators and two of the familiar point estimators are almost unbiased when the total sample size and the probability in the Control arm () is 0.1, and when and is 0.2 or 0.5; for , all estimators have negative bias for small to medium sample sizes, but for larger sample sizes some of the new median‐unbiased estimators are almost median‐unbiased; choices of interval estimators depend on values of parameters, but one of the new estimators is reasonable when and another, when or ; and lack of balance between left and right coverage errors for small and/or implies that the available approximations for the distributions of and are accurate only for larger sample sizes.
White rice enrichment with phenols upon cooking in olive leaf infusion: a preliminary study
Authors: Noureldein Mai , Grigorakis Spyros , Kellil Abdessamie , Nenadis Nikolaos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhite rice is poor in health‐promoting phytochemicals; therefore, the production of a phenol‐enriched commodity is highly desirable. Recent findings on its enrichment via cooking in plant extracts are promising, yet studies employing aqueous extracts of olive leaves (OLs), containing well‐recognized bioactive phenols (e.g. oleuropein) are absent. In addition, little is known about the levels of phenols that are maintained after rice drying and rehydration, an important aspect for the future design of ‘ready‐to‐eat’ functional rice.RESULTSThe examination, for the first time, of white rice adsorption capacity of phenols from OLs upon cooking in infusions containing different levels of phenols, after freeze‐drying and rehydration, showed the following: (i) the total phenol content, the antioxidant activity (assessed via 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays), the oleuropein and luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside levels increased dose dependently; (ii) upon rehydration, the average decrease of total phenol content and antioxidant activity values was significantly lower when an exact volume of water was used compared with an excess (~10% versus 63%). A similar trend was observed for oleuropein (36% versus 83%) and the luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside (24 versus 82%) levels; (iii) the dried enriched kernels were less bright with a hay‐yellow hue (CIELab coordinates).CONCLUSIONWhite rice enrichment with biophenols from OLs, a by‐product of olive tree cultivation, was successful using a simple approach. Despite leaching upon freeze‐drying/rehydration, sufficient amounts were maintained to obtain a functional rice that could serve as an alternative dietary source of OLs phenols to non‐traditional olive tree product consumers or those refraining from sodium and fats. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Nonviral overexpression of Scleraxis or Mohawk drives reprogramming of degenerate human annulus fibrosus cells from a diseased to a healthy phenotype
Authors: Tang Shirley , Gantt Connor , Salazar Puerta Ana , Bodine Lucy , Khan Safdar , Higuita‐Castro Natalia , Purmessur Devina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major contributor to low back pain (LBP), yet there are no clinical therapies targeting the underlying pathology. The annulus fibrosus (AF) plays a critical role in maintaining IVD structure/function and undergoes degenerative changes such as matrix catabolism and inflammation. Thus, therapies targeting the AF are crucial to fully restore IVD function. Previously, we have shown nonviral delivery of transcription factors to push diseased nucleus pulposus cells to a healthy phenotype. As a next step in a proof‐of‐concept study, we report the use of Scleraxis (SCX) and Mohawk (MKX), which are critical for the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the AF and may have therapeutic potential to induce a healthy, pro‐anabolic phenotype in diseased AF cells.MethodsMKX and SCX plasmids were delivered via electroporation into diseased human AF cells from autopsy specimens and patients undergoing surgery for LBP. Transfected cells were cultured over 14 days and assessed for cell morphology, viability, density, gene expression of key phenotypic, inflammatory, matrix, pain markers, and collagen accumulation.ResultsAF cells demonstrated a fibroblastic phenotype posttreatment. Moreover, transfection of SCX and MKX resulted in significant upregulation of the respective genes, as well as SOX9. Transfected autopsy cells demonstrated upregulation of core extracellular matrix markers; however, this was observed to a lesser effect in surgical cells. Matrix‐degrading enzymes and inflammatory cytokines were downregulated, suggesting a push toward a pro‐anabolic, anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Similarly, pain markers were downregulated over time in autopsy cells. At the protein level, collagen content was increased in both MKX and SCX transfected cells compared to controls.ConclusionsThis exploratory study demonstrates the potential of MKX or SCX to drive reprogramming in mild to moderately degenerate AF cells from autopsy and severely degenerate AF cells from surgical patients toward a healthy phenotype and may be a potential nonviral gene therapy for LBP.
Separation and purification of quinolyridine alkaloids from seeds of Thermopsis lanceolata R. Br. by conventional and pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Ning Fansheng , Zhu Heng , Yan Huijiao , Liu Jiguo , Aziz Shahid , Hussain Hidayat , Song Xiangyun , Xie Lei , Meng Zhaoqing , Cao Guiyun , Wang Daijie 
Published: June 2023

In this work, the preparative separation of quinolyridine alkaloids from seeds of T. lanceolata by conventional and pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography. Traditional counter‐current chromatography separation was performed by a flow‐rate changing strategy with a solvent system of ethyl acetate‐n‐butanol‐water (1:9:10, v/v) and 200 mg sample loading. Meanwhile, the pH‐zone‐refining mode was adopted for separating 2.0 g crude alkaloid extracts with the chloroform‐methanol‐water (4:3:3, v/v) solvent system using the stationary and mobile phases of 40 mM hydrochloric acid and 10 mM triethylamine. Finally, six compounds, including N‐formylcytisine (two conformers) (1), N‐acetycytisine (two conformers) (2), (‐)‐cytisine (3), 13‐β‐hydroxylthermopsine (4), N‐methylcytisine (5), and thermopsine (6) were successfully obtained in the two counter‐current chromatography modes with the purities over 96.5%. Moreover, we adopted nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry for structural characterization. Based on the obtained findings, the pH‐zone‐refining mode was the efficient method to separate quinolyridine alkaloids relative to the traditional mode.
Prolonged Itraconazole Therapy as Sole Treatment for Patients with Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Shah B , Kajal S , Bhalla AS , Madan K , Viswanathan GK , Thakar A , Sikka K , Bairwa M , Verma H 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundCurrently, the mainstay of treatment for allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is surgical debridement along with topical or systemic steroids. However, prolonged systemic steroid therapy comes with side effects and is also sometimes contraindicated. Systemic antifungals have been used earlier as an adjunct to steroids or in refractory cases, but they have not been used as the sole primary treatment.ObjectiveTo study the effectiveness of sole Itraconazole therapy in patients with AFRS by comparison of clinical, radiological, and biochemical parameters before and after treatment.MethodsThirty‐four patients diagnosed with localized sino‐nasal AFRS were recruited and started on the tablet Itraconazole 200 mg orally twice daily for 3 months with q2weekly monitoring of liver function tests. The baseline clinical, radiological, and biochemical parameters were then compared with those after completion of 3 months of Itraconazole therapy.ResultsThere was significant difference between all the parameters—clinical: SNOT‐22 score (p < 0.001) and Meltzer endoscopy score (p < 0.001), radiological: Lund‐Mackay score (p = 0.004) and 20‐point CT score (p = 0.002), and biochemical: serum total IgE (p < 0.001), Aspergillus‐specific IgE (p < 0.001), and absolute eosinophil count (p < 0.001). The clearance of the disease was more in anterior sinuses than the posterior ones.ConclusionProlonged Itraconazole can be given as sole therapy in AFRS, especially in patients for whom steroids are contraindicated or in those who are awaiting surgery. It can result in symptomatic and radiological improvement, but surgery still remains the definitive treatment option for AFRS for complete clearance of disease.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:545–551, 2024
Efficacy of Chemotherapy After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Discontinuation in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Fukuoka Osamu , Saito Yuki , Mukai Toshiyuki , Hayashi Takaaki , Yamamura Koji , Sakai Toshihiko , Kobayashi Kenya , Akashi Ken , Yoshida Masafumi , Ando Mizuo , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become widely used becuse of their effectiveness and relatively low rate of severe adverse events. However, active treatment should be continued after discontinuation of ICI as response rates are lower than that of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of treatment after ICI discontinuation.MethodsThis was a retrospective study from hospital charts of 99 consecutive cases treated with ICI at our facility since 2017. Of these, 79 cases of squamous cell carcinoma which had already discontinued ICI were enrolled in the present study.ResultsAfter discontinuation of ICI, 40 cases received active treatment with salvage chemotherapy (SCTx; 33 cases) or surgery or radiotherapy (seven patients) and 39 cases received nonactive treatment. SCTx comprising paclitaxel and cetuximab (PTX‐Cmab) was administered to 15 cases and other SCTx regimens to 18 cases. A significant increase in overall survival (OS) was observed with active treatment compared with nonactive treatment. No significant differences in OS or progression‐free survival (PFS) were observed between SCTx regimens; however, there was a trend toward increased survival with PTX‐Cmab. Univariate analysis of overall response rate (ORR) demonstrated significant differences in the site of disease at ICI and SCTx regimens. A significant difference in disease control rate was observed between SCTx regimens. Multivariate analysis of ORR demonstrated a significant correlation with PTX‐Cmab treatment.ConclusionActive treatment after ICI discontinuation and the use of PTX‐Cmab as SCTx may increase OS in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:228–235, 2024
CDOM spectral slope (S275–295) as tracers of water masses, CDOM heterogeneity, and Δ14C‐DOC in an oligotrophic marginal sea
Authors: Song Guisheng , Yang Fangming , Massicotte Philippe , Wei Hao , Xie Huixiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe absorption spectral slope, S275–295, is an optical metric frequently employed for characterizing chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). We collected CDOM absorption (aCDOM) and fluorescence spectra from the oligotrophic offshore South China Sea to identify the major determinant of S275–295 and to explore the potential of S275–295 as physical and biogeochemical tracers. S275–295 linearly decreased with increasing humic‐like fluorescent DOM, revealing the latter as the primary control on S275–295. The variability of S275–295 consistently declined from the surface to deep water, making S275–295 a potential indicator of CDOM molecular heterogeneity. The S275–295 vs. aCDOM plot was found to be a useful tool for characterizing water masses. The 14C content of dissolved organic carbon (Δ14C‐DOC) shows a strong correlation to S275–295, demonstrating S275–295 to be a proxy of the 14C‐age of DOM. A provisional equation, ln(−Δ14C‐DOC) = (−0.85 ± 0.06) × ln(S275–295) + (8.78 ± 0.19), was proposed to estimate Δ14C‐DOC from S275–295 for global oligotrophic oceans.
Room‐Temperature Lewis Acid Organocatalysts for Bulk Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Bis‐Lithium N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes Complexes Activated on ε‐Caprolactone: Synthetic, Experimental, and Density Functional Theory of Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Cheechana Nathaporn , Akkravijitkul Natthapol , Khamto Nopawit , Rithchumpon Puracheth , Junpirom Thiti , Limwanich Wanich , Punyodom Winita , Tantirungrotechai Yuthana , Nimmanpipug Piyarat , Meepowpan Puttinan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work investigates the high catalytic activity of bi‐functional lithium N‐heterocyclic carbene (bisLiNHCs) complexes in bulk ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) monomer at room temperature. The study employs a bulk ROP technique using tetramethylene‐tethered bis[N‐(N′‐alkyl/arylimidazolium)] bishexafluorophosphate (bis[Bim][PF6]), benzyl alcohol (BnOH), and n‐butyl lithium (nBuLi) in molar ratios of 1:2:4. The results show that 1,4‐bisLiNHC (3a) has the highest catalytic capability, producing the highest molecular weight of PCL with acceptable dispersity in only 93 s (59 361 g mol−1, Đ = 1.8). However, longer and aromatic linker chains (3b‐3g) are found to be less effective due to the increased steric effect for complex formation with the monomer, leading to longer reaction times and lower molecular weight PCL with wider dispersity. Additionally, the study conducts a mechanistic analysis using the DFT method with B3LYP (6‐31G(d,p)) as the basis set. The most plausible mechanism proposed involves continuous and coordinated insertion with low energy barriers.