bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep reinforcement learning empowers automated inverse design and optimization of photonic crystals for nanoscale laser cavities
Authors: Li Renjie , Zhang Ceyao , Xie Wentao , Gong Yuanhao , Ding Feilong , Dai Hui , Chen Zihan , Yin Feng , Zhang Zhaoyu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Photonics inverse design relies on human experts to search for a design topology that satisfies certain optical specifications with their experience and intuitions, which is relatively labor-intensive, slow, and sub-optimal. Machine learning has emerged as a powerful tool to automate this inverse design process. However, supervised or semi-supervised deep learning is unsuitable for this task due to: (1) a severe shortage of available training data due to the high computational complexity of physics-based simulations along with a lack of open-source datasets and/or the need for a pre-trained neural network model; (2) the issue of one-to-many mapping or non-unique solutions; and (3) the inability to perform optimization of the photonic structure beyond inverse designing. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has the potential to overcome the above three challenges. Here, we propose Learning to Design Optical-Resonators (L2DO) to leverage RL that learns to autonomously inverse design nanophotonic laser cavities without any prior knowledge while retrieving unique design solutions. L2DO incorporates two different algorithms – Deep Q-learning and Proximal Policy Optimization. We evaluate L2DO on two laser cavities: a long photonic crystal (PC) nanobeam and a PC nanobeam with an L3 cavity, both popular structures for semiconductor lasers. Trained for less than 152 hours on limited hardware resources, L2DO has improved state-of-the-art results in the literature by over 2 orders of magnitude and obtained 10 times better performance than a human expert working the same task for over a month. L2DO first learned to meet the required maxima of Q-factors (>50 million) and then proceeded to optimize some additional good-to-have features (e.g., resonance frequency, modal volume). Compared with iterative human designs and inverse design via supervised learning, L2DO can achieve over two orders of magnitude higher sample-efficiency without suffering from the three issues above. This work confirms the potential of deep RL algorithms to surpass human designs and marks a solid step towards a fully automated AI framework for photonics inverse design.
The problem of translating Chinese policy-related expressions: a case study of wenming (‘civilised’)
Authors: House Juliane , Kádár Dániel Z. , Liu Fengguang , Han Dan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the difficulties of translating Chinese expressions frequently used in communicating governmental policies to the public. In particular, we focus on the expression wenming 文明, a term with manifold meanings and uses, which often ends up being translated into English simply as ‘civilised’. This translational convention is problematic because wenming in Chinese tends to be used in many collocations where the English civilised sounds distinctly alien. In order to systematically investigate this translational problem, we propose a bottom-up tri-partite approach to the study of Chinese policy expressions in general and wenming in particular. This novel mixed-method approach not only allows us to go beyond essentialist generalisations about expressions frequented in Chinese political discourse, but more importantly it allows us to unearth and label practical difficulties faced by translators.
Knowledge, perception, and sources of information towards cervical cancer and utilization of papanicolaou (pap) smear as screening among female in medina, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jeddo Zainab A 
Published: January 2023

Background and objectives: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth commonest cancer among women in the world. Screening using a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear can detect early cervical changes and allows early treatment with a high rate of success. Awareness of the importance of screening is a significant factor in encouraging women to have Pap smear testing. This study aimed to investigate perceptions, knowledge, and sources of information regarding CC and the utilization of Pap smeared used for screening in Medina, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: An e-questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 to July 2022. The targeted population were all non-medical staff females in childbearing age in Medina, Saudi Arabia. A total of 444 women were included in the study. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods via Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 26. Result: Overall, the participants had high levels of awareness of CC (79.3%) and Pap smear (48.9%). However, only (23.6%) have heard of the human papillomavirus and (14.6%) have had a Pap smear. And (22.5%) only recognized that any woman over 21 years old should be screened for CC. Social media was the most frequently mentioned source of information (45.5%). Socio-demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with knowledge of CC or its screening. When women who had never had a Pap smear before were asked about the cause, half of them (47.2%) answered that they did not think about it, (32.2%) because they did not have symptoms, and (20.1%) reported a lack of awareness. Conclusion: Despite the high level of awareness regarding CC and Pap smear testing among women in Medina, only small percentage undergo Pap smear testing. Lack of awareness and poor knowledge of the disease symptoms were the main barriers. This emphasizes the need to conduct community-based programs to raise awareness regarding the role of Pap smear in CC early detection.
The Moore and Bilikam model and Burr XII sub-model under progressively type-II censoring scheme
Authors: BAZYAR Mehdi , DEİRİ Einolah , BALOUİ JAMKHANEH Ezzatallah 
Published: January 2023

The Moore and Bilikam family includes lifetime distributions, hence there is a need for a meticulous investigation of the proposed family. We evaluate different estimation procedures for both parameters and reliability function of the Moore and Bilikam family comprehensively, including the maximum likelihood, Bayesian and E-Bayesian estimation methods. The estimation methods of the Moore and Bilikam family are compared via the simulation data,	whereas simulation results of the Burr XII sub-model are reported. Based on the simulation approach, we concluded the estimates of the Moore and Bilikam family are convergent to the corresponding parameters, and the root mean square error values derived by the E-Bayesian method are less than other estimators. The analysis of the time between failures of secondary reactor pumps data set has been represented for illustrative purposes, which confirmed simulation results.
Isolation of DNA by EdU-labelling for Mass Spectrometry (iDEMS)
Authors: Stewart-Morgan Kathleen R. , Requena Cristina E. , Hajkova Petra , Groth Anja 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation are important regulators of gene expression and genome stability in mammalian genomes. DNA replication dilutes these marks, and their restoration kinetics are important to epigenetic cell memory. We therefore developed isolation of DNA by EdU-labelling for Mass Spectrometry (iDEMS), a highly sensitive, quantitative mass spectrometry-based method for measuring DNA modifications on metabolically labelled DNA. Unlike sequencing-based methods, iDEMS does not require any amplification step, providing direct measurements from labelled DNA. Through additional methionine-isotope labelling and/ or incorporation of downstream steps such as chromatin immunoprecipitation, iDEMS facilitates novel insights into methylation metabolism and epigenetic crosstalk in chromatin. Excluding cell culture, DNA labelling and isolation requires two working days including an overnight digestion; preparation and running of samples requires three to four days.

This protocol is related to the publication “Quantifying propagation of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation with iDEMS” in Nature Cell Biology.
Improved RNA stability estimation indicates that transcriptional interference is frequent in diverse bacteria
Authors: Georg Jens , Wanney Walja , Youssar Loubna , Kostova Gergana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Bacterial gene expression is regulated and tuned via multiple means. This includes differential operon expression via transcriptional interference, which so far could not be globally investigated in vivo. Using stochastic simulations and experimental data from four different bacteria, we show evidence that a consequent rethinking of the classic rifampicin time-series can allow global monitoring and quantifying of in vivo termination by the collision mechanism of transcriptional interference and by trans-acting sRNAs. We provide evidence that transcriptional interference via the collision of sense and antisense transcription is a frequent and hitherto underestimated mechanism for bacterial gene regulation. Furthermore, we show that differential RNA decay, partial termination and internal transcriptional start sites often do not correlate with given gene annotations. This leads to the existence of transcript segments with different half-lifes within one and the same annotated gene which previously led to error prone half-life estimates. A dynamic-programming based segmentation, together with a case dependent fitting-model selection, significantly improves RNA stability estimation.
Detection of Nasopharyngeal Cancer by Novel Linguistic Machine Learning
Approach
Authors: Jana Dipak Kumar , Chatterjee Shamba 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare disease portraying ethnic background in which malignancy occurs in the tissues of the nasopharynx with a low survival rate. Additionally, exposure to the Epstein-Barr virus can potentially affect the risk of NPC. Substantial evidence is available regarding the miR-150-5p-PYCR1 axis in the progress of different cancers, but the molecular modus operandi in NPC still remains unclear. Several therapeutic approaches are in pipeline along with some traditional Chinese approaches to successful treatment of the aforesaid disease. Recently, Samanta et al. 2022b have developed this model in Type 1 fuzzy logic.
Methods: PYCR1 and miR-150-5pexpression levels were introspected by RT-qPCR method. Further, the interaction between them was established by luciferase assay and RNA pull-down assay. Simultaneously, the overexpression patterns were detected in C666-1 and SUNE-1 cells. We have used the linguistic interval type 2 fuzzy inference logic expert system (LIT2FLES) and Support Vector Regression to classify the data.
Results: The cell growth was noticeably repressed by miR-150- 5pupregulation, whereas alleviated growth of NPC was observed in the case of PYCR1 upregula- This antagonism ultimately suppressed NPC tumorigenesis accordingly. We have developed a controller by which any decision-maker can check the status of the disease.
Conclusions: In this investigation, we have established a hypothetical Linguistic T2 fuzzy logic inference model by which anyone can formulate and design an automated model for the detection of Nasopharyngeal Cancer. This ultimately offers a novel treatment approach for NPC. LIT2FLES is a new technique anyone can handle this method easily.
Long-term outcomes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by Epstein-Barr virus status in the Chinese population: a multicenter investigation
Authors: Xiong Yudi , Yuan Mengting , Liu Zhigang , Huang Jing , Bi Jianping , Pi Guoliang , Li Ying , Li Yanping , He Hanping , Verma Vivek , Tian Suqing , Han Guang 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Because the vast majority of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Chinese patients is a direct result of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, there is a dearth of data for EBV-negative patients in this population. This multicenter study sought to examine the clinical characteristics of this population and compare long-term outcomes with a propensity-matched (1:1.5) EBV-positive cohort.
Methods: NPC patients with known EBV status from four hospitals were collated (2013-2021). A logisticregression model was conducted to evaluate the relationship between patient characteristics and EBV status. The Kaplan–Meier method and Coxregression analysis were used to analyze survival data.
Results: This study analyzed 48 (40%) EBV-negative and 72（60%）EBV-positive patients. The median follow-up time was 63.5 months. Most EBV-negative NPC patients (77.1%) were diagnosed in the advanced stages, and no significant prognostic factors were discerned in this subpopulation. EBV-negative disease was more associated with the keratinizing subtype (18.8% vs. 1.4%, P<0.05), whereas nearly all EBV-positive cases were non-keratinizing. Compared to EBV-negative NPC patients, EBV-positive NPC patients were more likely to develop local recurrence (9.7% vs. 0%, P=0.026). There was no statistical difference in mortality (8.3% vs. 4.2%, P=0.34) during the follow-up period.
Conclusions: These multicenter data suggest that in the Chinese population, EBV-negative disease have similar survival outcomes as EBV-positive cases, despite the increased local recurrence in the latter. Further work is required to corroborate these conclusions.
Trial registration: retrospectively registered (Permit Number: LLHBCH2022YN-037). This retrospective study followed the principles of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China.
Qualitative assessment of infant sleep practices and other risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Osei-Poku Godwin K. , Mwananyanda Lawrence , Elliott Patricia A. , MacLeod William B. , Somwe Somwe Wa , Pieciak Rachel C. , Hamapa Arnold , Gill Christopher J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background:
There is very little information on the beliefs and perceptions of mothers about SIDS and its related risk factors in Africa. To better understand parental decisions about infant sleep practices and other risk factors for SIDS, we conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with mothers of infants in Lusaka, Zambia.
Methods:
FGDs involved 35 purposively sampled mothers aged 18–49 years. FGDs were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide in the local language, Nyanja. These were translated, transcribed verbatim into English, and then coded and analyzed using thematic analysis in NVivo 12.
Results:
Six FGDs were conducted with 35 mothers between April-May 2021 across two study sites. FGD Participants were generally aware of sudden unexplained infant deaths, with several describing stories of apparent SIDS in the community. The side sleeping position was preferred and perceived to be safer for the infant with most believing the supine position posed an aspiration or choking risk to the infant. Bedsharing was also preferred and perceived to be convenient for breastfeeding and for monitoring of the infant. Experienced family members and health care workers were frequently cited as sources of information on infant sleep position. Maternal alertness and vigilance were suggested as mechanisms to prevent SIDS and smothering.
Conclusions:
Maternal beliefs and perceptions about the infant’s sleep environment guided decisions about bedsharing and infant sleep positions. These concerns are vital to designing tailored interventions to address sleep-related sudden infant losses in Zambia. Public health campaigns with tailored messages that address these concerns are likely to be effective at ensuring optimal uptake of safe sleep recommendations.
Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Physical Education in Colleges using an Optimization Model of Edge Computing
Authors: Zhang Junbo , Zhang Cheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Edge computing and artificial intelligence, two new technologies with rapid development, have great potential to empower each other, and have been widely used in various fields, with obvious results. Unlike other discipline-based teaching, physical education (PE) has no fixed classrooms, no fixed teaching materials, and no fixed teaching tasks. Therefore, it is difficult to uniformly evaluate the quality of PE teaching in ordinary colleges. In this paper, the edge computing optimization model is used to optimize the PE quality evaluation model in ordinary colleges. The goal of PE in ordinary colleges and universities is to improve the physical quality of students. Thus the teaching evaluation model in this paper focuses on the physical fitness compliance rate of students' evaluation, and re-weights the proportion of final exam scores. For the monitoring of PE teaching quality in ordinary colleges, this paper designed a PE teaching health system, which allows students to evaluate in the entire learning process, so as to achieve real-time monitoring of teaching quality. It uses the edge computing technology to optimize the system. The experimental results of this paper showed that the PES in general colleges designed in this paper can effectively collect students' evaluations, and can effectively improve the scientific nature of PE teaching goals. At the same time, the edge computing optimization algorithm designed in this design can reduce the network transmission cost of the system by 20% and increase the transmission efficiency by 15%.
A Novel polysaccharide DSPP-1 from Durian seed: structure characterization and its neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's disease in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model
Authors: Xiao ChuXiang , Chen Tiejun , Yuan Meng , Li Yu , Wang FengWu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Plant polysaccharides have attracted much attention because of their various biological activities. The structure characterization of polysaccharide from durian seed and its neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model were conducted in this study. A water-soluble polysaccharide was obtained using atmospheric pressure plasma treatment, and named DSPP-1. DSPP-1 was composed of rhamnose, galactose and galacturonic acid and its molecular weight was 3.765×105 Da. The study in vitro showed that 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of DSPP-1 was 79.20% and the inhibitory rate on Aβ1-42 aggregation was 24.65%. In vivo results showed that DSPP-1 could decrease abnormal Aβ1-42 aggregation to delay the paralysis process of AD-nematodes. Moreover, DSPP-1 significantly improved the antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation in AD-nematodes. Taken together, these results indicated that DSPP-1 could be used as a potential natural source for the prevention and treatment of AD.
Shell field morphogenesis in the polyplacophoran mollusk Acanthochitona rubrolineata
Authors: Xia Yuxiu , Huan Pin , Liu Baozhong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The polyplacophoran mollusks (chitons) possess serially arranged shell plates. This feature is unique among mollusks and believed to be essential to explore the evolution of mollusks as well as their shells. Previous studies revealed several cell populations in the dorsal epithelium (shell field) of polyplacophoran larvae and their roles in the formation of shell plates. Nevertheless, they provide limited molecular information, and shell field morphogenesis remains largely uninvestigated.
Results
In the present study, we investigated the shell field development in the chiton Acanthochitona rubrolineata based on morphological characteristics and molecular patterns. A total of four types of tissue could be recognized from the shell field of A. rubrolineata. The shell field comprised not only the centrally located, alternatively arranged plate fields and ridges, but also the tissues surrounding them, which were the precursors of the girdle and we termed as the shell field margin. The shell field margin exhibited a concentric organization composed of two imaginary circles, and spicules were only developed in the outer circle. Dynamic engrailed expression and F-actin (filamentous actin) distributions revealed relatively complicated morphogenesis of the shell field. The repeated units (plate fields and ridges) were gradually established in the shell field, seemingly different from the manners used in the segmentation of Drosophila or vertebrates. The seven repeated ridges also experienced different modes of ontogenesis from each other. In the shell field margin, the presumptive spicule-formation cells exhibited different patterns of F-actin aggregations with the ongoing of their specification.
Conclusions
These results reveal the details concerning the structure of polyplacophoran shell field as well as its morphogenesis. They would contribute to exploring the mechanisms of polyplacophoran shell development and molluscan shell evolution.
Growing a Peritoneal Dialysis Program in Palestine from Zero to 178 Patients in 5 Years: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Taher Ameed , Enaya Ahmad , Sarsour Ala , Bahar Sami , Hamayel Dalia , Safarini Omar , Hamdan Zakaria , Nazzal Zaher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Kidney failure is rapidly rising in Palestine, as the number of patients receiving maintenance dialysis has quadrupled in the last 15 years. In this study, we share an overview of our experience growing a peritoneal dialysis (PD) program from zero to 178 patients in five years at An-Najah National University Hospital in Palestine, presenting some challenges and ways to overcome them.
Methods: This was a single-center retrospective study of patients treated with PD from November 2016 to December 2021. Demographic and clinical data were obtained for each patient. In addition, PD discontinuation, peritonitis, and mortality rates were calculated and presented as the primary patient outcomes.
Results: A total of 158 patients were eligible for the study. The mean age was 51.8 ± 16.4 years, and 53.8% of patients were male. Diabetic nephropathy was the most common cause of kidney failure. Sixty-three episodes of peritonitis were diagnosed in 48 patients (30.4%) for a rate of 1 episode/ 38.2 patient-months (0.31 episodes/ patient-years). Twenty patients had their PD treatment discontinued, mainly due to psychosocial reasons and infectious and mechanical complications. Death was the fate of 27 patients, with cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 being the two main causes.
Conclusion: The outcomes of this experience proved favorable and showed that PD could serve as a viable option for kidney failure patients in Palestine. Moreover, this study can serve as an example for other places where circumstances are challenging to take the initiative of starting their PD programs.