bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reception of Vatican II in North America
Authors: Flanagan Brian P. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter first reviews the ecclesial and socio-political context of Catholicism in the United States and Canada in the pre-conciliar period, focusing on the diversity of ecclesial and cultural contexts in which the council was received. Second, it outlines the largely enthusiastic initial phase of conciliar reception, expected and welcomed by most Catholics as an updating of the Church to meet modern society. Third, it looks at the contested reception of the council that begins in the late 1960s, starting with the symbolic date of 1968, and suggests that while the sheer fact of conciliar reception was never in question in North America, more polarizing conflicts over how to receive the council and the possibilities of ecclesial change it introduced came to new prominence in this period.
An Archive for Vatican II
Authors: Doria Piero 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces the work of bringing together and ordering the archival materials relating to the Second Vatican Council—including the conciliar commission—in the recently renamed Vatican Apostolic Archive (formerly the Vatican Secret Archive). The collection is open today for the work of scholars investigating the deliberations of the council fathers and the elaboration of the various conciliar texts. It includes many of the personal papers of leading protagonists of the council, such as the general secretary, Pericle Felici, and recordings from Vatican Radio. Finally, the chapter draws attention to other important archival collections available to scholars in other major research centres.
The Reception of Vatican II by the Orthodox Church
Authors: Bordeianu Radu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In order to assess the reception of Vatican II by the Orthodox Church, one cannot search for major official statements. Rather, the process of reception involved the reactions of individual Orthodox theologians, some of whom were present at the council as observers or guests (such as Afanasiev and Nissiotis), and others who subsequently analysed various conciliar documents (such as Staniloae and Zizioulas). Most of their reactions focused on the relationship between papal primacy and synodality, pneumatology, Eucharistic ecclesiology, and communion. Another way in which the Orthodox received the insights of the council refers to the life of the Orthodox Church, including the lifting of the anathemas of 1054, the establishment of bilateral Orthodox–Catholic dialogues, liturgical reforms based on a common understanding of the communion between clergy and laity, and a renewed impetus for pan-Orthodox conciliarity, culminating with the convocation of the Council of Crete in 2016.
Two cyclic electron flows around photosystem I differentially participate in C4 photosynthesis
Authors: Ogawa Takako , Kobayashi Kana , Taniguchi Yukimi Y , Shikanai Toshiharu , Nakamura Naoya , Yokota Akiho , Munekage Yuri N 
Published: January 2023

AbstractC4 plants assimilate CO2 more efficiently than C3 plants because of their C4 cycle that concentrates CO2. However, the C4 cycle requires additional ATP molecules, which may be supplied by cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I. One CEF route, which depends on a chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex, is suggested to be crucial for C4 plants despite the low activity in C3 plants. The other route depends on proton gradient regulation 5 (PGR5) and PGR5-like photosynthetic phenotype 1 (PGRL1) and is considered a major CEF route to generate the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane in C3 plants. However, its contribution to C4 photosynthesis is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the contribution of the two CEF routes to the NADP-malic enzyme subtype of C4 photosynthesis in Flaveria bidentis. We observed that suppressing the NDH-dependent route drastically delayed growth and decreased the CO2 assimilation rate to approximately 30% of the wild-type rate. On the other hand, suppressing the PGR5/PGRL1-dependent route did not affect plant growth and resulted in a CO2 assimilation rate that was approximately 80% of the wild-type rate. Our data indicate that the NDH-dependent CEF substantially contributes to the NADP-malic enzyme subtype of C4 photosynthesis and that the PGR5/PGRL1-dependent route cannot complement the NDH-dependent route in F. bidentis. These findings support the fact that during C4 evolution, photosynthetic electron flow may have been optimized to provide the energy required for C4 photosynthesis.
Original Research: Patient-to-Nurse Violence During One-to-One Assignments: A Silent Epidemic
Authors: Squire Miranda , Hessler Karen 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Nurses and nursing assistants given one-to-one (“sitter”) assignments are placed with one patient for long periods of time. Some of these patients require a sitter for reasons that include dementia, traumatic brain injury, psychiatric disturbances such as delirium, and risk of self-harm. Some may become verbally abusive, physically violent, or both, putting the assigned staff member in danger.

Purpose:
The study purpose was to investigate workplace violence from the perspective of nurses and certified nursing assistants working one-to-one assignments who had experienced violent encounters with patients or visitors.

Methods:
This qualitative cross-sectional study used a phenomenological approach. Participants were nurses and nursing assistants at one hospital in the western United States. Data were collected in five focus groups, which were conducted online; a semistructured interview guide allowed researchers to elicit participants' responses and foster discussion. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes in the data.

Results:
A total of 13 nurses and nursing assistants participated. Four themes emerged: silent epidemic, culture of unsafety, emotional occupational hazard, and policy and response.

Conclusions:
This study adds to the work of researchers who are asking difficult questions about workplace violence. It's our hope that the participants' comments and insights, as well as their recommendations, can move the needle in improving prevention and follow-up practices related to patient-initiated workplace violence.
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Czosek Lauren 
Published: January 2023

Abstract:
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) affects 3 million in the US and 11 million globally. Signs and symptoms can vary and greatly impact a patient's quality of life. This article focuses on the prevalence, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and patient education surrounding POTS.
The Use of Heart Rate Responses Extracted From Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data as a Measure of Speech Discrimination Ability in Sleeping Infants
Authors: Lee Onn Wah , Mao Darren , Savkovic Borislav , Wunderlich Julia , Nicholls Namita , Jeffreys Emily , Eager Michael , Korneev Mikhail , McKay Colette M. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
Cardiac responses (e.g., heart rate changes) due to an autonomous response to sensory stimuli have been reported in several studies. This study investigated whether heart rate information extracted from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data can be used to assess the discrimination of speech sounds in sleeping infants. This study also investigated the adaptation of the heart rate response over multiple, sequential stimulus presentations.

Design:
fNIRS data were recorded from 23 infants with no known hearing loss, aged 2 to 10 months. Speech syllables were presented using a habituation/dishabituation test paradigm: the infant’s heart rate response was first habituated by repeating blocks of one speech sound; then, the heart rate response was dishabituated with the contrasting (novel) speech sound. This stimulus presentation sequence was repeated for as long as the infants were asleep.

Results:
The group-level average heart rate response to the novel stimulus was greater than that to the habituated first sound, indicating that sleeping infants were able to discriminate the speech sound contrast. A significant adaptation of the heart rate responses was seen over the session duration.

Conclusion:
The dishabituation response could be a valuable marker for speech discrimination, especially when used in conjunction with the fNIRS hemodynamic response.
Plasticity Changes in Central Auditory Systems of School-Age Children Following a Brief Training With a Remote Microphone System
Authors: Benítez-Barrera Carlos R. , Key Alexandra P. , Murray Micah M. , Retsa Chrysa , Ricketts Todd A. , Tharpe Anne Marie 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to investigate whether a brief speech-in-noise training with a remote microphone (RM) system (favorable listening condition) would contribute to enhanced post-training plasticity changes in the auditory system of school-age children.

Design:
Before training, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 49 typically developing children, who actively identified two syllables in quiet and in noise (+5 dB signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]). During training, children completed the same syllable identification task as in the pre-training noise condition, but received feedback on their performance. Following random assignment, half of the sample used an RM system during training (experimental group), while the other half did not (control group). That is, during training‚ children in the experimental group listened to a more favorable speech signal (+15 dB SNR) than children from the control group (+5 dB SNR). ERPs were collected after training at +5 dB SNR to evaluate the effects of training with and without the RM system. Electrical neuroimaging analyses quantified the effects of training in each group on ERP global field power (GFP) and topography, indexing response strength and network changes, respectively. Behavioral speech-perception-in-noise skills of children were also evaluated and compared before and after training. We hypothesized that training with the RM system (experimental group) would lead to greater enhancement of GFP and greater topographical changes post-training than training without the RM system (control group). We also expected greater behavioral improvement on the speech-perception-in-noise task when training with than without the RM system.

Results:
GFP was enhanced after training only in the experimental group. These effects were observed on early time-windows corresponding to traditional P1-N1 (100 to 200 msec) and P2-N2 (200 to 400 msec) ERP components. No training effects were observed on response topography. Finally, both groups increased their speech-perception-in-noise skills post-training.

Conclusions:
Enhanced GFP after training with the RM system indicates plasticity changes in the neural representation of sound resulting from listening to an enriched auditory signal. Further investigation of longer training or auditory experiences with favorable listening conditions is needed to determine if that results in long-term speech-perception-in-noise benefits.
Implementation and Impact of Critical Care Pharmacist Addition to a Telecritical Care Network
Authors: Belcher Rachel M. , Blair Anastasia , Chauv Stephanie , Hoang Quang , Hickman Abby W. , Peng Melissa , Baldwin Margaret , Koch Logan , Nguyen Mark , Guidry David , Fontaine Gabriel V. 
Published: January 2023

IMPORTANCE:
Critical care pharmacists when incorporated into the ICU team, have been shown to improve outcomes in critically ill patients by decreasing mortality, improving morbidity and reducing cost. As telehealth continues to evolve, the incorporation of a critical care pharmacist into a comprehensive telecritical care (TCC) service will allow increased comprehensive pharmacotherapeutic care for those in smaller, community or rural hospitals.

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the implementation of a TCC pharmacist into an established TCC network, classify interventions performed, and quantify cost avoidance generated through pharmacist interventions.

DESIGN:
Multicenter, observational cohort study and retrospective return on investment, performed between December 2019 and December 2021.

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:
Critically ill adult patients, admitted to an ICU located in any of our eight community hospitals (50 ICU beds) within a large, 25-hospital integrated healthcare system (563 ICU beds total) in the United States.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:
The TCC pharmacist service was implemented in 8-hour shifts, initially available 5 days per week, then expanded to 7 days per week. Critical care pharmacist interventions were categorized by clinical type established utilizing American Society of Health-System Pharmacists benchmarking standards and the latest cost avoidance data.

RESULTS:
During the 2-year analysis period, TCC pharmacists documented 2,838 interventions generating $1,664,254 of gross cost avoidance and a return on investment of 4.5:1.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:
It is feasible to implement a TCC pharmacist within an established TCC network. Our experience showed enhanced comprehensive care of critically ill patients located in community hospitals within a large, integrated healthcare system, demonstrated significant cost avoidance, and has led to other initiatives, including a collaborative clinical/operational partnership with Life Flight.
Effects of acupuncture on angiogenesis-associated factor expression in ischemic brain tissue following cerebral infarction in rats
Authors: Sun Yajie , Li Jing , Georgi Rainer , Kolberg Bernhard , Yang Lihong 
Published: January 2023

Background:
We aimed to investigate changes into the levels of angiogenesis-associated factors following cerebral infarction and acupuncture intervention and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in promoting angiogenesis.

Methods:
Model rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were randomized into electroacupuncture (EA), model control (MC), and blank control (control) groups. Changes in the degree of neurological impairment following cerebral infarction and angiogenesis in the ischemic center and peripheral area were observed using immunofluorescence double-labeling. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to detect changes in the Ang-1, Ang-2, PDGF-B, and bFGF levels. Moreover, the effects of EA intervention were evaluated.

Results:
The neurological severity score of each phase in the EA group was lower than that into the simultaneous phase in the MC group. The proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in the EA group was higher than that in the MC group at 12 hours to 7 days. The Ang-1 and Ang-2 mRNA and protein levels in the EA group were significantly higher than those in the MC group. PDGF-B levels in the EA group were significantly higher than those in the MC group at 3 to 6 hours and 3 to 12 days, and protein levels were high at 6 hours and 3 to 12 days. bFGF mRNA levels at 24 hours to 12 days and bFGF protein at 3 to 12 days were significantly elevated in the EA group than those in the MC group.

Conclusions:
EA at Shui Gou(DU 26) significantly improved the neurological symptoms of MCAO rats, promoted vascular endothelial cell proliferative activity around the infarct area, significantly advanced the time of proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, and upregulated the expression of angiogenesis-related factors, thereby promoting angiogenesis. Thus, EA may significantly improve the prognosis of cerebral infarction.

Graphical abstract:

http://links.lww.com/AHM/A43.
Improvement of Soft Contact Lens Wettability After the Instillation of Hyaluronic Acid Eye Drops
Authors: Pastrana Cristina , Carpena-Torres Carlos , Rodríguez-Pomar Candela , Martin-Gil Alba , Carracedo Gonzalo 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of the topical instillation of hyaluronic acid eye drops with different viscosity on soft contact lens wettability and comfort.

Methods:
A randomized and participant-masked study was performed, involving 20 participants (25.4±2.6 years). One eye wore hydrogel (ocufilcon D) contact lenses, and another eye wore silicone-hydrogel (somofilcon A) contact lenses. The in vivo wettability tear film surface quality (TFSQ) index and comfort were measured before and after the instillation of different eye drops: saline solution (control) and 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% hyaluronic acid.

Results:
Compared with saline solution, the instillation of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% hyaluronic acid improved the in vivo wettability of the hydrogel contact lenses by decreasing their TFSQ mean for 5, 10, and 30 min, respectively (P<0.05). During silicone-hydrogel contact lens wear, the hyaluronic acid did not affect wettability because there were no changes in TFSQ mean (P≥0.05), but the 0.3% hyaluronic acid produced a decrease in comfort for the first 3 min (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
The instillation of hyaluronic acid eye drops increased the in vivo wettability of the hydrogel contact lens, and the duration of this effect was directly related to its concentration and viscosity.
Assessing the Quality of Patient Information for Cholesteatoma on the Video Sharing Platform YouTube
Authors: Reddy Rithvik , Cheng Horace , Jufas Nicholas , Patel Nirmal 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Cholesteatoma is common chronic ear condition that usually requires surgical treatment and long-term follow-up. The Internet helps patients find information about their medical conditions and assists in shared clinical decision making. This work aims to assess the quality of information on YouTube for cholesteatoma. We aim to assess the quality of the most popular cholesteatoma videos on YouTube using recognized scoring systems and determine if quality correlated with video likes and views.

Methods
The YouTube website was systematically searched on separate days with a formal search strategy to identify videos relevant to cholesteatoma. Each video was viewed and scored by three independent assessors using a novel Essential and Ideal Video Completeness criteria for cholesteatoma and the validated DISCERN tool. Popularity metrics were analyzed and compared with video popularity.

Results
A total of 90 YouTube videos were analyzed with an average 55,292 views per video with an average of 271 likes and 22 dislikes. The interrater correlation was moderate with Fleiss kappa score 0.42 (p < 0.01) using the Essential and Ideal Video Completeness criteria for cholesteatoma and interrater correlation coefficient was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.58–0.90), indicating good reliability for DISCERN scores. The overall video quality was poor with higher DISCERN scores found from academic institutions.

Conclusion
YouTube content with regard to cholesteatoma is of poor quality. Videos with unclassified sources or more dislikes correlated with poor quality. Otology societies should be encouraged to publish high-quality YouTube videos on cholesteatoma and other ear conditions.
Polyhydramnios associated with congenital bilateral vocal cord paralysis: A case report
Authors: Choi Myeong Gyun , Kim Yoon Ha , Kim Jong Woon , Kim Tae Young , Park Seo Yeong , Bang Hee Young 
Published: January 2023

Rationale:
Polyhydramnios may develop when the fetus cannot swallow amniotic fluid or the amount of fetal urine increases. Occasionally, unpredictable fetal abnormalities can be diagnosed postnatally. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in the fetus may cause polyhydramnios, which could be related to impaired prenatal swallowing.

Patient concern:
A 36-year-old multipara underwent an emergent cesarean section because of polyhydramnios and active labor at 35 + 5 weeks of gestation and gave birth to a girl.

Diagnosis:
The neonate cried feebly and exhibited cyanosis as well as very weak response to stimuli. Chest retraction and stridor were observed. Laryngoscopic examination revealed no movement in both the vocal cords, and bilateral vocal cord paralysis was diagnosed.

Interventions:
When the baby was 40 days old, she underwent tracheostomy to alleviate the persistent stridor and oral feeding difficulties.

Outcomes:
She was discharged at the age of 60 days while in the tracheostomy state.

Lessons:
Securing the airway of neonates with bilateral vocal cord paralysis, tracheoesophageal fistula, or muscular dystrophy, which can be detected after delivery in pregnant women with idiopathic polyhydramnios, is important. Therefore, pregnant women with idiopathic polyhydramnios must be attended to by experts, such as neonatologists, anesthesiologists, or otolaryngologists, who can secure the airway.
Atypical clinical and radiological presentations of lumbar spinal tuberculosis mimicking a spinal tumor: A case report
Authors: Miyamoto Kodai , Imada Hiroki , Yoshida Shinsuke , Oka Hideaki , Iida Shunpei , Saita Kazuo , Ogihara Satoshi 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important infectious disease worldwide. Classical spinal TB has specific radiological findings involving adjacent vertebral bodies with destruction of the intervertebral disc and involvement of paravertebral soft tissues with cold abscess formation. However, a few cases not exhibiting the radiological characteristics of TB spondylitis have been reported. We report a rare case of lumbar spinal TB with atypical clinical and radiological presentations that was difficult to differentiate from a malignant spinal tumor.

Patient concerns:
A 21-year-old man, who had immigrated to Japan from the Philippines 5 years ago, without a significant medical history, presented with back pain lasting 1 month and progression of gait disturbance 2 weeks prior to presentation.

Diagnosis:
Laboratory tests showed normal blood cell counts and normal value of C-reactive protein levels. Preoperative imaging studies indicated a possible spinal tumor. However, histopathologic findings of the epidural soft tissues at the first surgery led to the diagnosis of spinal mycobacterial infection. The diagnosis of spinal TB was confirmed by a positive culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis obtained at the second surgery.

Interventions:
Given the progressive nature of neurologic deterioration, instead of needle biopsy, we proceeded with surgical intervention 8 days after admission; simultaneous neural decompression and open biopsy. Histological findings of the excised epidural soft tissues led to the diagnosis of spinal mycobacterial infection. We performed the second surgery involving additional resection of epidural soft tissues for further dural decompression and to obtain specimens for mycobacterial culture. Immediately after the second surgery, the patient commenced combination therapy with anti-tuberculous drugs.

Outcomes:
The patient demonstrated significant recovery of motor function in the lower extremities, and was able to run at 2 months after the second surgery. The epidural granulomas completely disappeared on magnetic resonance imaging 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Atypical clinical and radiological presentations of spinal TB present a challenge for appropriate diagnosis and early treatment. Even in developed countries where there are very few spinal TB patients, clinicians should be aware that spinal TB is an important differential diagnosis, especially in elderly patients or patients coming from countries with a middle-high prevalence of TB.