bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jerusalem and Silicon Valley: Two Poles of Modern Civilization
Authors: Рупова Розалия Моисеевна 
Published: August 2023

Поставленный Тертуллианом во II веке вопрос, что может быть общего между Афинами и Иерусалимом, в приложении к нашему времени может звучать так: что может быть общего между Силиконовой долиной и Иерусалимом? В данном случае Силиконовая долина — символ современной технотронной цивилизации. Автор статьи строит аналогию, основанную на том, что очевидная в начале несовместимость эллинской культуры с христианским Благовестием затем обернулась вовлечением интеллектуальных форм Античности в формирование догматического учения Церкви. В русле аналогии с этим синтезом рассматриваются имевшие место в истории науки альтернативные проекты, составлявшие противовес секулярным подходам естествознания Нового времени. В заключение делается вывод о необходимости перенести фокус внимания в этой проблематике с научной теории на человека, её творца, в руках которого ключевые ориентиры цивилизации, служит ли он идолу прогресса, или нацелен на идеал преображения.
The question posed by Tertullian in the 2nd century: «what can be in common between Athens and Jerusalem?» (Here Jerusalem is the hearth and symbol of Christianity, Athens is named as the center of ancient pagan culture, where it reached the pinnacle of its development) — applied to our time, it can sound like this: what can be in common between Silicon Valley and Jerusalem? In this case, «Silicon Valley» is a symbol of modern technetronic civilization. The author of the article builds an analogy based on the fact that the incompatibility of the Hellenic culture with the Christian Gospel, which was obvious at the beginning, then turned into the involvement of the intellectual forms of antiquity in the formation of the dogmatic teaching of the Church. In line with the analogy with this synthesis, alternative projects that have taken place in the history of science, which constituted a counterbalance to the secular approaches of natural science in modern times, are considered. In conclusion, it is concluded that it is necessary to shift the focus of attention in this problematic from scientific theory to a person, its creator, in whose hands are the key landmarks of civilization: whether it serves the idol of progress, or aims at the ideal of transformation.
Transformation Augustinian Soteriology in the Theological Work of Bernard Clairvaux
Authors: Антонян Артур Романович 
Published: August 2023

Статья посвящена рассмотрению антропологических и сотериологических позиций католического мистика Бернарда Клервоского. Показана рецепция тех богословских положений о безнадёжно повреждённой человеческой природе, которые когда-то выдвинул Аврелий Августин и которые получили своеобразное осмысление в творчестве средневекового автора. Особое внимание уделено вопросу о свободе воли в контексте учения о первородном грехе. Обозначены важные точки соприкосновения и расхождения между богословскими постулатами Августина и Бернарда. Также в работе выделены основные аспекты синергетической концепции спасения, которой придерживался Бернард и которая по основным своим положениям выходит за рамки августинизма. Целью статьи является определение тех специфических черт сотериологии цистерцианского мистика, которые имея основанием теологию Августина, тем не менее вступают в доктринальный конфликт с некоторыми августинианскими постулатами. Актуальность данной работы обусловлена тем, что преемственность концепции спасения от Августина к Бернарду Клервоскому не была предметом специального монографического исследования в отечественной историко-философской литературе. В качестве основного метода исследования автор использует сравнительный анализ.
This article examines the doctrine of salvation by the Catholic theologian, medieval mystic Bernard of Clairvaux.Also disclosed in detail his anthropological position, which is the basis for Bernard's soteriology. The author shows the features of the continuity of Augustinian anthropology in the doctrinal postulates of Bernard. Particular attention is paid to the issue of free will in the context of the doctrine of original sin. The purpose of the article is to determine those specific positions of Bernard Clairvaux's soteriology, which, based on the theology of Augustine, nevertheless come into doctrinal contradiction with the Augustinian postulates. As a result of the study, author comes to the conclusion that the Augustinian doctrine of salvation is undergoing significant changes in the work of Bernard Clairvaux. The scientific work is relevant because the succession of soteriological doctrines from Augustine to Bernard was not considered in Russian philosophical science. In this article, the author uses the method of comparative analysis.
«Unknown» Chapter from «Invisible War» of St. Nicodemus the Hagiorite, Translated by St. Theophan the Recluse
Authors: Петров Василий 
Published: August 2023

Данная статья вводит в научный оборот часть рукописи святителя Феофана Затворника, хранящейся в Русском Пантелеимоновом монастыре на Афоне, а именно: 49-ю главу «Невидимой брани» в переводе святителя. Текст приводится в сопоставлении с греческим текстом прп. Никодима Святогорца и новым русским переводом, выполненным автором статьи. Попутно делаются некоторые замечания о составе трёх известных изданий «Невидимой брани». Также на русском языке впервые публикуется перевод с греческого языка известного примечания Святогорца, которое послужило началом длительной дискуссии между прп. Никодимом и прп. Афанасием Парийским.
This article introduces into scientifi circulation a part of the manuscript of St. Theophan the Recluse, stored in the Russian Panteleimon Monastery on Athos, namely, the 49th chapter of the «Invisible War» in the translation of the Hierarch. The text is given in comparison with the Greek text of St. Nicodemus the Hagiorite and a new Russian translation made by the author. Along the way, some remarks are made about the composition of the three well known editions of the Invisible War. Also, for the first time in Russian, a translation from Greek of the famous note of the Hagiorite is published, which served as the beginning of a long discussion between St. Nicodemus and St. Athanasius of Paros.
Georgian Fragments from the Library of the Monastery of St. Great Martyr Panteleimon on Mount Athos
Authors: Ким Сергий , Зубов Дмитрий Васильевич 
Published: August 2023

В статье публикуются фрагменты древнегрузинской христианской литературы, найденные в архиве библиотеки русского монастыря св. Пантелеимона на Святой Горе Афон. Цель публикации — ввести в научный оборот данные о сохранившихся в библиотечном архиве русского монастыря четырех фрагментах грузинской афонской письменности. Обнаруженные листы были использованы вероятно в качестве охранного материала для других рукописей и представляют собой отрывки из догматического слова, похвальной речи, а также богослужебной книги.
The article publishes fragments of ancient Georgian Christian literature found in the archives of the library of the Russian monastery of St. Panteleimon on Mount Athos.The purpose of the publication is to introduce into scientific circulation data on four fragments of Georgian Athos writing preserved in the library archive of the Russian monastery. The discovered sheets were probably used as security material for other manuscripts and represent excerpts from a dogmatic discourse, a laudatory speech, and also a liturgical book.
About one Archaic Ancient Slavic Influence on the Interpretation of the Phrase: «Get rich toward God» (Lk. 12, 21)
Authors: Корытко Олег протоиерей 
Published: August 2023

Статья посвящена проблеме богословской интерпретации евангельской притчи о неразумном богаче (см. Лк. 12, 16–21) и заключительной её фразы о богатении в Бога. Автор обращает внимание на этимологическую связь лексем «Бог» и «богатство», делает экскурс в историческую семантику, представляя возможный спектр значений праславянского *bogъ и показывая на примере из родственных индоевропейских языков его отношение к идее судьбы и наделения человека благами. Влияние архаических дохристианских идей находит выражение в восприятии и толковании евангельской притчи известными русскими духовными писателями (в частности, свт. Филаретом Московским, свт. Феофаном Затворником, свт. Игнатием Брянчаниновым), которые традиционно объединяют экзегетические линии: доброделания нуждающимся, освящения земных благ Богом через жертву на церковные нужды и идею Бога как единственного высшего блага, которого надлежит искать человеку, жаждущему Царства Небесного и правды Его.
The article is dedicated to the problem of theological interpretation of the gospel parable of the Rich Fool (Luke 12, 16–21) and particularly its final phrase about «richness toward God». The author draws attention to etymological connection between lexemes «God» and «richness» in Slavic language, makes an excursion into historical semantics, presenting possible range of meanings proto-Slavic *bogъ and demonstrating by examples from relative Indo-European languages its relevance to the idea of fate and endowing a person of benefits. The influence of archaic pre-Christian notions is revealed in perception and interpretation of the gospel parable by famous Russian theologists, such as St. Philaret of Moscow, St. Theophan the Recluse, St. Ignatius Brianchaninov, who usually combined the exegetic line of doing good deeds to people in need, consecration of earthly goods by God through sacrifice to Church needs, and also the idea of God as the only supreme good, which should be sought by person, who do hanger after the Kingdom of Heaven and Its righteousness.
Effectiveness of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica Nanoemulsions Against Caspase 3 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Expression
Authors: Lamadi Sutini , Prastiwi Fajar Dwi , Raras Tri Yudani Mardining , Khotimah Husnul , Wiyasa I Wayan Arsana 
Published: August 2023

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is closely related to oxidative stress conditions in insulin resistance conditions that increase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) against the body's defense antioxidant mechanism. Chronic complications due to hyperglycemia in patients with GDM increase BAX / BCL2 levels which then activates the change of procaspase 3 to caspase 3, an activator of apoptosis. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsions on caspase 3 expressions in zebrafish models of gestational diabetes mellitus, with a posttest-only controlled group design. The samples were divided into five groups, namely K- (EM), K+(EM+3% Glucose), P1, P2 and P3 (3% Glucose + Combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica 2.5μg/ml, 5μg/ml and 10μg/ml), which will be tested for PEPCK and Caspase expression at the age of 3dpf using Real Time-PCR. The results of the correlation test of the group with caspase 3 obtained (p = 0.045) negative direction. These results show that the combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsion decreased Caspase 3 expression in zebrafish models of gestational diabetes mellitus. The combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsion has the potential to reduce blood glucose levels and reduce the risk of apoptosis in gestational diabetes mellitus patients.
The relationship between muscle quality index and physical function in older adults
Authors: Stotz Andreas , Mason Joel , Zech Astrid 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: The muscle quality index (MQI) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool to detect individuals at risk of limited physical function. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to examine the relationship of the MQI with physical function and compare its predictive ability with other muscle parameters of strength and mass in an older population. METHODS: Sixty-eight healthy older adults (34 male, 34 female) aged between 69 and 89 years were tested for body composition, MQI, maximum isokinetic concentric KES and physical function including sit-to-stand (STS) time, normal and maximum walking speed (WS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and static balance. Pearson’s correlation was applied to examine the relationship between muscle parameters. Linear regression analysis including age and sex as additional covariates was performed to assess their predictive ability for physical functions. RESULTS: MQI correlated significantly with relative KES ([Formula: see text] 0.611, [Formula: see text] 0.001), total KES ([Formula: see text] 0.829, [Formula: see text] 0.001) and leg lean tissue mass ([Formula: see text] 0.690, [Formula: see text] 0.001). The MQI was not a significant predictor for any physical function ([Formula: see text] 0.05). STS time was a significant predictor for normal WS and TUG time ([Formula: see text] 0.001). Relative KES was a significant predictor for all physical functions except static balance ([Formula: see text] 0.001). No muscle parameter and only age was a significant predictor for static balance. Models explained 20.4%–57.3% of variances of dependent variables. CONCLUSIONS: The MQI is a useful tool to assess leg lean tissue mass and strength of the knee extensor muscles and outperforms STS time. However, STS time and relative KES are more closely related to physical function than the MQI.
Association of MRI Visible Perivascular Spaces and Neurofilament Light Chain: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Ekenze Oluchi , Pinheiro Adlin , Demissie Serkalem , Aparicio Hugo J. , Charidimou Andreas , Beiser Alexa S. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Kautz Tiffany , DeCarli Charles , Greenberg Steven , Seshadri Sudha , Romero Jose R. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a marker of neuronal injury. Perivascular spaces (PVS) visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represent cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) but their role as markers of neuronal injury needs further clarification. Objective: To relate PVS burden according to brain topography and plasma NfL. Methods: Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants with brain MRI and NfL measurements were included. PVS were rated in the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CSO) using validated methods and categorized based on counts. A mixed region variable representing high burden PVS in either BG or CSO was assessed. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to relate PVS burden to log-transformed NfL levels in models adjusted for age, sex, FHS cohort, time between MRI and clinic exam, and image view (model 1), vascular risk factors (model 2), and white matter hyperintensity volume, covert brain infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds (model 3). Results: Among 1,457 participants (68.1±8.5 years, 45% males), NfL levels increased with higher PVS burden. Multivariable analysis showed an association of high PVS burden strictly in BG with NfL (β= 0.117, 95% CI 0.014–0.221; p = 0.027), but attenuated in model 3. The associations were mainly in participants≥65 years (β= 0.122, 95% CI 0.015–0.229, p = 0.026), women (β= 0.156, 95% CI 0.024–0.288, p = 0.021), and APOE ɛ4 non-carriers (β= 0.140, 95% CI 0.017–0.263, p = 0.026). Conclusions: The association of strictly BG high PVS burden with NfL suggests a role for PVS as markers of neuroaxonal injury, but our results are hypothesis generating and require further replication.
Increased Resolution of Structural MRI at 3T Improves Estimation of Regional Cortical Degeneration in Individual Dementia Patients Using Surface Thickness Maps
Authors: Fazlollahi Amir , Lee Soohyun , Coleman Felicia , McCann Emily , Cloos Martijn A. , Bourgeat Pierrick , Nestor Peter J. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Objective measurement of regional cortical atrophy in individual patients would be a highly desirable adjunct for diagnosis of degenerative dementias. Objective: We hypothesized that increasing the resolution of magnetic resonance scans would improve the sensitivity of cortical atrophy detection for individual patients. Methods: 46 participants including 8 semantic-variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), seven posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), and 31 cognitively unimpaired participants underwent clinical assessment and 3.0T brain scans. SvPPA and PCA were chosen because there is overwhelming prior knowledge of the expected atrophy pattern. Two sets of T1-weighted images with 0.8 mm3 (HighRes) and conventional 1.0 mm3 (ConvRes) resolution were acquired. The cortical ribbon was segmented using FreeSurfer software to obtain surface-based thickness maps. Inter-sequence performance was assessed in terms of cortical thickness and sub-cortical volume reproducibility, signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios. For clinical cases, diagnostic effect size (Cohen’s d) and lesion distribution (z-score and t-value maps) were compared between HighRes and ConvRes scans. Results: The HighRes scans produced higher image quality scores at 90 seconds extra scan time. The effect size of cortical thickness differences between patients and cognitively unimpaired participants was 15–20% larger for HighRes scans. HighRes scans showed more robust patterns of atrophy in expected regions in each and every individual patient. Conclusions: HighRes T1-weighted scans showed superior precision for identifying the severity of cortical atrophy in individual patients, offering a proof-of-concept for clinical translation. Studying svPPA and PCA, two syndromes with well-defined focal atrophy patterns, offers a method to clinically validate and contrast automated algorithms.
Direct Conversion of Fibroblast into Neurons for Alzheimer’s Disease Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sattarov Roman , Toresson Håkan , Orbjörn Camilla , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas 
Published: August 2023

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder without a cure. Innovative disease models, such as induced neurons (iNs), could enhance our understanding of AD mechanisms and accelerate treatment development. However, a review of AD human iN studies is necessary to consolidate knowledge. Objective: The objective of this review is to examine the current body of literature on AD human iN cells and provide an overview of the findings to date. Methods: We searched two databases for relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023, identifying nine studies meeting our criteria. Results: Reviewed studies indicate the feasibility of generating iNs directly from AD patients’ fibroblasts using chemical induction or viral vectors. These cells express mature neuronal markers, including MAP-2, NeuN, synapsin, and tau. However, most studies were limited in sample size and primarily focused on autosomal dominant familial AD (FAD) rather than the more common sporadic forms of AD. Several studies indicated that iNs derived from FAD fibroblasts exhibited abnormal amyloid-β metabolism, a characteristic feature of AD in humans. Additionally, elevated levels of hyperphosphorylated tau, another hallmark of AD, were reported in some studies. Conclusion: Although only a limited number of small-scale studies are currently available, AD patient-derived iNs hold promise as a valuable model for investigating AD pathogenesis. Future research should aim to conduct larger studies, particularly focusing on sporadic AD cases, to enhance the clinical relevance of the findings for the broader AD patient population. Moreover, these cells can be utilized in screening potential novel treatments for AD.
Toward Reagent-Free Discrimination of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Blood Plasma Spectral Digital Biomarkers and Machine Learning
Authors: Li Zhigang , Wu Hao , Ji Yong , Shi Zhihong , Liu Shuai , Bao Xinran , Shan Peng , Hu Dean , Li Meimei 
Published: August 2023

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. The detection of early-stage AD is particularly desirable because it would allow early intervention. However, a minimally invasive, low-cost, and accurate discrimination or diagnostic method for AD is especially difficult in the earliest stage of AD. Objective: The aim of this research is to discover blood plasma spectral digital biomarkers of AD, develop a novel intelligent method for the discrimination of AD and accelerate the translation of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral-based disease discrimination methods from the laboratory to clinical practice. Methods: Since vibration spectroscopy can provide the structure and chemical composition information of biological samples at the molecular level, we investigated the potential of FTIR spectral biomarkers of blood plasma to differentiate between AD patients and healthy controls. Combined with machine learning technology, we designed a hierarchical discrimination system that provides reagent-free and accurate AD discrimination based on blood plasma spectral digital biomarkers of AD. Results: Accurate segregation between AD patients and healthy controls was achieved with 89.3% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity for early-stage AD patients, 92.8% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity for middle-stage AD patients, and 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for late-stage AD patients. Conclusions: Our results show that blood plasma spectral digital biomarkers hold great promise as discrimination markers of AD, indicating the potential for the development of an inexpensive, reagent-free, and less laborious clinical test. As a result, our research outcome will accelerate the clinical application of spectral digital biomarkers and machine learning.
Relativistic effects and photon-mirror interaction – energy absorption and time delay
Authors: Thakur Soumendra Nath 
Published: August 2023

This research paper explores the intricate interplay between photons and mirrors, shedding light on the processes that occur during photon-mirror interactions. We delve into the absorption of photons by electrons on a mirror’s surface, which leads to energy gain and movement of electrons to higher energy levels. This interaction, akin to photoelectric absorption, is fundamental to understanding the behavior of light and mirrors. The paper investigates the principles of mirror reflectivity, highlighting the optimization of reflectivity by minimizing energy absorption \(\mathrm{\Delta E}\) to maintain high reflectivity. We also examine the angles of incidence and reflection, emphasizing their equal values and the related sum of angles.

Through careful analysis, we establish that the energy difference between incident and reflecting photons, denoted as \(\mathrm{\Delta E}\), corresponds to a time delay \(\mathrm{\Delta t}\) between the photons. This unique relationship between energy and time delay introduces the concept of infinitesimal time delay during reflection, contributing to a time distortion in the behavior of light. The research culminates in the assertion that the constancy of motion of a photon of light is disrupted when it is reflected by a mirror due to the introduced time delay.
International Mechanisms for Implementing the Rules of International Humanitarian Law
Authors: محمد الدوري حلا أحمد 
Published: August 2023

After establishing and completing the rules of the international humanitarian law, what occupies the thoughts and minds of the researchers has become the effectiveness of those legal rules because the international community has created the International Humanitarian Law to decrease the agony and misery of war and to deter anyone who may violate these rules. Without a mechanism of implementation, the international humanitarian law becomes mere ideal expression of ideas, and to activate its, there must be some mechanism to be implemented and to be respected. The mechanism could be supervisory, monitoring, or preventive or even judicial to implement the rules of the international humanitarian law in case of violation of these rules especially with regard to the protection of civilians and spreading the rules of the international humanitarian law.
Despite the existence of the comprehensive and detailed international humanitarian law which are highly approved and agreed upon as a complete system of protection but it is unfortunately accompanied by a general tendency towards ignoring and disobeying them.