bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EOF and target PFAS analysis in surface waters affected by sewage treatment effluents in Berlin, Germany
Authors: Nxumalo Tengetile , Akhdhar Abdullah , Mueller Viktoria , Simon Fabian , von der Au Marcus , Cossmer Antje , Pfeifer Jens , Krupp Eva M. , Meermann Björn , Kindness Andrew , Feldmann Jörg 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants and can occur in surface and groundwater. To identify the degree of pollution in surface water with PFAS, often targeted HPLC–ESI–MS/MS has been employed in which commonly 30–40 compounds are analyzed. However, other PFAS and organofluorines remain undetected. We sampled surface water of the river Spree and the Teltow Canal in Berlin, Germany, which are affected by the effluent discharge of wastewater treatment plants. Here, we employed high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) for measuring extractable organofluorines (EOF) and compared in a mass balance approach the total fluorine to the identified and quantified PFAS from the targeted analysis. The analysis highlights that the EOF are in the range expected for an urban river system (Winchell et al. in Sci Total Environ 774, 2021). However, downstream of an effluent discharge, the EOF increased by one order of magnitude, e.g., 40.3 to 574 ng F L−1, along the Teltow Canal. From our target analytes, mostly short-chained perfluorinated carboxylic acids and sulfonates occur in the water, which however makes up less than 10% of the EOF. The increase in EOF in the Teltow Canal correlates well with the increase of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), indicating that PFHxA is characteristic for the discharged EOF but not responsible for the increase. Hence, it points to PFHxA precursor discharge. The study highlights that EOF screening using HR-CS-GFMAS is necessary to identify the full scale of pollution with regard to PFAS and other organofluorines such as pharmaceutical compounds from the effluent of WWTPs.
Inflammatory and Nutritional Status Influences Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy
Authors: Xu Shao‐jun , Wang Ping‐lan , Chen Chao , You Cheng‐xiong , Chen Rui‐qin , Wu Wen‐wei , Chen Shu‐chen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe potential association between severe postoperative complications (SPC) and the oncological outcomes of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients according to the different Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) of the inflammatory nutritional status after minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is unclear.MethodsKaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) between with or without SPC (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ III) in low NPS status (NPS = 0 or 1) and high NPS status (NPS = 2 or 3 or 4) patients. Cox multivariable analysis was carried out to analyze the various independent factors of OS and DFS, and a nomogram based on SPC was established.ResultsA total of 20.7% (125/604) ESCC patients developed SPC after MIE. Patients with SPC exhibited poor 5‐year OS and DFS compared to those without SPC (all P < 0.001). Further analysis revealed that SPC significantly reduced OS and DFS in patients with high NPS status (all P < 0.001) but had little effect on the prognosis of patients with low NPS status (all P > 0.05). Multivariable Cox analysis revealed that SPC could be an independent influence indicator for OS and DFS in patients with high NPS status. Therefore, a novel nomogram combining SPC and tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) staging has been developed, which was found to be relatively more accurate in predicting OS and DFS than TNM staging alone.ConclusionSevere complications can adversely affect the long‐term oncological outcome of ESCC patients with high systemic inflammatory response and malnutrition after MIE.
Factors affecting the post-operative outcomes in patients aged over 80 following colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Yap Raymond , Wilkins Simon , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Oliva Karen , Wang Wei Chun , Centauri Suellyn , McMurrick Paul J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In 2019, in Australia, there were 500,000 people aged 85 and over. Traditionally, clinicians have adopted the view that surgery is not desirable in this cohort due to increasing perioperative risk, perceived minimal clinical benefit, and shortened life expectancy. This cohort study is aimed at investigating postoperative outcomes from elective and non-elective colorectal cancer surgery in patients aged 80 and over.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients from 2010 to 2020 on a prospectively maintained colorectal database. Patients aged over 80 who underwent surgical resection for colorectal cancer were reviewed. Oncological characteristics, short-term outcomes, overall survival, and relapse-free survival rates were analysed.

Results
A total of 832 patients were identified from the database. Females comprised 55% of patients aged 80 and above. The median age was 84 for octogenarians and 92 for nonagenarians. Most patients were ASA 2 (212) or ASA 3 (501). ASA 3 and 4 and stage III pathology were associated with higher postoperative complications. Fifty percent of over 80 s and 37% of over 90 s were surgically discharged to their own home. Overall survival at 30, 180, and 360 days and 5 years was 98.1%, 93.1%, 87.2%, and 57.2% for the over 80 s and 98.1%, 88.9%, 74.9%, and 24.4% for the over 90 s.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that surgical treatment of older patients is safe with acceptable short-, medium-, and long-term survival. Nonetheless, efforts are needed to reduce the rates of complications in older patients, including utilisation of multi-disciplinary teams to assess the optimal treatment strategy and postoperative care.
Facet joint violation after open and percutaneous posterior instrumentation: a comparative study
Authors: Mitterer Marian , Ortmaier Reinhold , Wiesner Teresa , Hitzl Wolfgang , Mayer Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Posterior instrumentation is the state-of-the-art surgical treatment for fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Options for pedicle screw placement comprise open or minimally invasive techniques. Open instrumentation causes large approach related muscle detachment, which minimally invasive techniques aim to reduce. However, concerns of accurate pedicle screw placement are still a matter of debate. Beside neurological complications due to pedicle screw malplacement, also affection of the facet joints and thus motion dependent pain is known as a complication. The aim of this study was to assess accuracy of pedicle screw placement concerning facet joint violation (FJV) after open- and minimally invasive posterior instrumentation.

Methods
A retrospective data analysis of postoperative computer tomographic scans of 219 patients (1124 pedicle screws) was conducted. A total of 116 patients underwent open screw insertion (634 screws) and 103 patients underwent minimally invasive, percutaneous screw insertion (490 screws).

Results
In the lumbar spine (segments L3, L4, L5), there were significantly more and higher grade (open = 0.55 vs. percutaneous = 1.2; p = 0.001) FJV’s after percutaneously compared to openly inserted screws. In the thoracic spine, no significant difference concerning rate and grade of FJV was found (p > 0.56).

Conclusion
FJV is more likely to occur in percutaneously placed pedicle screws. Additionally, higher grade FJV’s occur after percutaneous instrumentation. However, in the thoracic spine we didn’t find a significant difference between open and percutaneous technique. Our results suggest a precise consideration concerning surgical technique according to the fractured vertebrae in the light of the individual anatomic structures in the preop CT.
Predictive value of ferroptosis-related biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease: a prospective observational study
Authors: Wu You , Sun Yunwei , Wu Yiwei , Zhang Kecheng , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo explore the predictive value of ferroptosis-related (FR) biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThis prospective observational study enrolled patients with T2DM at the Second Hospital of Jilin University between December 2021 and March 2022. DKD was measured by the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the predictive value of ferroptosis-related biomarkers for DKD.The risk factors for massive proteinuria were performed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsFinally, 118 patients (53.0 ± 12.2 years, 76 males) were enrolled, 52 of them without DKD (had normal proteinuria), while 66 with DKD. (Forty-one had microproteinuria, and 25 had massive proteinuria.) FR biomarkers, including acyl-CoA synthase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), were significantly higher in the massive proteinuria group than in the other groups, while glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was significantly lower (all P < 0.05). The area under the ROC of the combination of GPX4, ACSL4, MDA, and ROS for predicting DKD was 0.804 (P < 0.001). Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease and ferritin levels were independent risk factors for massive proteinuria, while high serum iron, transferrin, and GPX4 levels were independent protective factors for massive proteinuria in patients with T2DM (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe GPX4, ACSL4, MDA, and ROS combination might have a good predictive value for DKD. Additionally, the course of disease, ferritin levels, serum iron, transferrin, and GPX4 were independently associated with massive proteinuria.
The impact of previous health on the mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: analysis of a prospective Swedish multicenter study
Authors: Ronne Engström Elisabeth , Baldvinsdóttir Bryndís , Aineskog Helena , Alpkvist Peter , Enblad Per , Eneling Johanna , Fridriksson Steen , Hillman Jan , Klurfan Paula , Kronvall Erik , Lindvall Peter , Von Vogelsang Ann-Christin , Nilsson Ola G. , Svensson Mikael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is an an increasing awareness of the importance of health and lifestyle for stroke diseases like spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the importance of pre-existing medical conditions for clinical course and mortality after SAH has not been studied. The aim of the present study was to identify pre-existing conditions contributing to mortality after SAH.

Methods
Data were extracted from a Swedish national prospective study on patients with SAH. Variables were defined for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), clinical condition at admission, and for 10 pre-existing medical conditions. Models predicting mortality in three time intervals with all possible subsets of these variables were generated, compared and selected using Akaike’s information criterion.

Results
1155 patients with ruptured aneurysms were included. The mortality within 1 week was 7.6%, 1 month 14.3%, and 1 year 18.7%. The most common pre-existing medical conditions were smoking (57.6%) and hypertension (38.7%). The model’s best predicting mortality within 1 week and from 1 week to 1 month included only the level of consciousness at admission and age, and these two variables were present in all the models among the top 200 in Akaike score for each time period. The most predictive model for mortality between 1 month and 1 year added previous stroke, diabetes, psychiatric disease, and BMI as predictors.

Conclusion
Mortality within the first month was best predicted simply by initial level of consciousness and age, while mortality within from 1 month to 1 year was significantly influenced by pre-existing medical conditions.
Assessment of the potency and effectiveness of a heptavalent oil-adjuvanted (ISA 206) foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in Egypt
Authors: Bazid Abdel-Hamid , Amer Haitham M. , Nayel Mohamed , Attia Mohamed , Maklad Nada , Wasfy Momtaz , Abdelmegeid Mohamed , El-Sayed Magdy M. , Magouz Asmaa , Badr Yassien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a serious highly contagious viral disease affecting all cloven-hoofed animals, and outbreaks can have a severe economic impact. An inactivated heptavalent oil-adjuvanted FMD vaccine (Aphtovac-7, MEVAC) was prepared from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains A-Iran05, A-Africa-IV, O-PanAsia2, O-Manisa, O-EA3, SAT-2 Gharbia, and SAT-2 LIB-12. The vaccine potency and effectiveness were evaluated in three groups of 6- to 8-month-old calves and 200 adult dairy cattle under field conditions. All animals were vaccinated with the vaccine preparation, and the three groups of calves were challenged after 28 days by intradermolingual inoculation with 104 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of FMDV serotype A, O, or SAT-2. Mock-vaccinated calves (two per group) served as unvaccinated controls during the challenge test. Adult dairy cattle were tested for seroconversion using a virus neutralization test at 30, 60, and 120 days post-vaccination. All calves displayed complete protection against challenge with the different serotypes of FMDV when compared to the control groups. Serum samples collected after the primary and booster immunizations at 30 days post-vaccination contained high titers of protective antibodies (≥ 1/32; i.e. 1.5 log10). Antibodies persisted until the end of the study period (120 days), with a peak value around 60 days post-vaccination. The heptavalent FMD vaccine preparation was found to be potent and capable of providing a protective immune response under both experimental and field conditions.
Effect of shape of titanium dioxide nanofillers on the properties of dental composites
Authors: Nayak Prajna P. , Kini Sudarshan , Ginjupalli Kishore , Pai Deepika 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the morphology of titanium dioxide nanofillers on the flexural strength and shear bond strength of the dental composite. Spherical and rhombic-shaped nano titanium dioxide fillers were synthesized via solvothermal method and were characterized. Subsequently, these fillers were incorporated into a flowable composite (Filtek™ Z350 XT Flowable Restorative) at 0.5 wt.% and 1.5 wt.% and the prepared specimens were stored in water for 24 h. The specimens were then evaluated for flexural strength using a universal testing machine. Similarly, the shear bond strength of modified composites to the tooth was evaluated and bond failures were analyzed using stereomicroscope magnification. Incorporation of nanofillers significantly enhanced the flexural strength of flowable composite (p = 0.009) with a significant increase at 0.5wt.% of spherical (p = 0.015) and rhomboidal-shaped fillers (p = 0.010). However, no statistically significant difference in flexural strength was observed among the different shapes of nanofillers. The results of our study did not show a significant effect on the shear bond strength of the composites. Thus the reinforcing ability of titanium dioxide nanofillers on dental composite was confirmed in this study, although the effect of using nanofillers with different morphology was not significant.
Graphical abstract
Madusa: mobile application demo generation based on usage scenarios
Authors: Lee Jaehyung , Cho Hangyeol , Lee Woosuk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMobile applications have grown rapidly in size. This dramatic increases in size and complexity make mobile applications less accessible to a broader scope of users. The prevailing approach for better accessibility of mobile applications is to manually reimplement slimmed versions with a small but representative portion of a regular original app. Unfortunately, this approach imposes significant burden on developers. We propose a system called Madusa to enable developers to effectively customize and reduce their mobile applications for Android. Madusa takes as input an original app, an upper bound on the size of a reduced version, and usage scenarios as a high-level specification of its desired core functionality. The output is a reduced version of the app that is still correct with respect to the specification while not exceeding the size limit. Madusa constructs a graph representing dependencies among methods and resources and identifies a sub-part of the graph using integer linear programming to generate a reduced version that exhibits behaviors as similar as possible to the original app. Our experimental evaluation on a suite of 19 Android apps available on Google Play Store. Madusa effectively converges to the desired simplified apps by reducing the app size by 40% on average (maximally by 60%). We conclude our approach effectively removes redundant code and resources with respect to given usage scenarios.
Grafting of poly(stearyl acrylate) on cellulose fibers as 3D-printable HDPE composites
Authors: Barba Enguerrand , Mietner J. Benedikt , Navarro Julien R. G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper aimed to produce a bio-based filament, suitable for 3D printing (fused deposition modeling), made of surface modified cellulose fiber and high density polyethylene. The cellulose fibers (CF) were first surface modified and transformed into a CF-based macroinitiator through an esterification reaction with the 2-bromoisobutyric acid. We finally studied the ability of this CF-based macroinitiator to initiate a single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) with an hydrophobic monomer: the stearyl acrylate. The grafting of poly(stearly acrylate) onto the cellulose fibers did strongly increased the adhesion, compatibility of the modified fibers with the hydrophobic host matrix (HDPE). Finally, the resulting hydrophobic fibers were extruded with the high density polyethylene (HDPE) through a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder, yielding a bio-based filament suitable for FDM 3d printing. The successful surface modification, such as the correct incorporation of the modified fibers into the thermoplastic matrix, were characterized through ATR-FTIR, 13C CP-MAS NMR, FE-SEM, and mechanical testing. Throughout those characterization techniques, it was concluded that the fiber surface modification significantly improved the compatibility of the fibers with HDPE. Finally, the 3D printing properties of the composite were tested and compared to those of pure HDPE through the 3d printing of simple objects. It was concluded that the printability of the composite made with poly(stearyl acrylate)-grafted cellulose overcomes the problem (shrinkage, warpage, print fidelity) encountered with the printing of pure HDPE.
Graphical abstract
Overcoming challenges in the synthesis of a lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) model: Mitsunobu versus Appel product
Authors: Elschner Thomas , Brendler Erica , Fischer Steffen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Arabinoxylan ferulate representing a macromolecular LCC model valid for annual plants is synthesized under Mitsunobu conditions. The content of ferulic acid ester is tuned by the reaction conditions achieving degree of substitution values from 0.09 to 0.45. Utilization of the chloride-free solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone allows the design of pure Mitsunobu products without occurrence of deoxychloro moieties arising from Appel type reaction. 2D NMR experiments reveal nature-identical structure of ferulate moieties present at position 5 of the arabinose side chain. Enzymatic dehydrogenation polymerization of coniferyl alcohol on ferulate anchor groups under homogeneous conditions lead to $$\beta $$
β
-O-4, $$\beta $$
β
-5, and Hibbert ketone structures identified by Py-GC-MS. The results are valuable to study structure-property relationships within the formation of natural and non-native lignins.

Graphical abstract
Negligence Failures and Negligence Fixes. A Comparative Analysis of Criminal Regulation of AI and Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Giannini Alice , Kwik Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutomated vehicles (“AV”) can greatly improve road safety and societal welfare, but legal systems have struggled with the prospect of whom to hold criminally liable for resulting harm, and how. This difficulty is derived from the characteristics of modern artificial intelligence (“AI”) used in AV technology. Singapore, France and the UK have pioneered legal models tailored to address criminal liability for AI misbehaviour. In this article, we analyse the three models comparatively both to determine their individual merits and to draw lessons from to inform future legislative efforts. We first examine the roots of the problem by analysing the characteristics of modern AI vis-à-vis basic legal foundations underlying criminal liability. We identify several problems, such as the epistemic problem, a lack of control, the issue of generic risk, and the problem of many hands, which discommode the building blocks of criminal negligence such as awareness, foreseeability and risk taking – a condition we refer to as negligence failures. Subsequently, we analyse the three models on their ability to address these issues. We find diverging philosophies as to where to place the central weight of criminal liability, but nevertheless identify common themes such as drawing bright-lines between liability and immunity, and the introduction of novel vocabulary necessary to navigate the new legal landscape sculpted by AI. We end with specific recommendations for future legislation, such as the importance of implementing an AI training and licensing regime for users, and that transition demands must be empirically tested to allow de facto control.
Do biodiversity monitoring citizen science surveys meet the core principles of open science practices?
Authors: Suter Samantha , Barrett Brian , Welden Natalie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCitizen science (CS), as an enabler of open science (OS) practices, is a low-cost and accessible method for data collection in biodiversity monitoring, which can empower and educate the public both on scientific research priorities and on environmental change. Where OS increases research transparency and scientific democratisation; if properly implemented, CS should do the same. Here, we present the findings of a systematic review exploring “openness” of CS in biodiversity monitoring. CS projects were scored between − 1 (closed) and 1 (open) on their adherence to defined OS principles: accessible data, code, software, publication, data management plans, and preregistrations. Openness scores per principle were compared to see where OS is more frequently utilised across the research process. The relationship between interest in CS and openness within the practice was also tested. Overall, CS projects had an average open score of 0.14. There was a significant difference in open scores between OS principles (p =  < 0.0001), where “open data” was the most adhered to practice compared to the lowest scores found in relation to preregistrations. The apparent level of interest in CS was not shown to correspond to a significant increase in openness within CS (p = 0.8464). These results reveal CS is not generally “open” despite being an OS approach, with implications for how the public can interact with the research that they play an active role in contributing to. The development of systematic recommendations on where and how OS can be implemented across the research process in citizen science projects is encouraged.