bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serpentine decomposition in the presence of graphite and metallic iron at P-T conditions of the Earth’s upper mantle
Authors: Chepurov Anatoly , Zhimulev Egor , Sonin Valeri , Turkin Aleksander , Chepurov Aleksei , Gryaznov Ivan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Serpentinized peridotite is an important part of subducting oceanic crust. Despite its small amount in the oceanic lithosphere (about 10%), serpentine is believed to be the main source of water containing about 13 wt.% OH-groups. There has been recently developing a hypothesis that subduction of crustal material is linked with formation of diamond including its super-deep variety named CLIPPIR (Cullinan-like large, inclusion-poor, relatively pure, irregularly shaped and resorbed). The present paper is focused on experimental crystallization of silicate and oxide minerals during serpentine decomposition in the presence of elemental carbon and metallic iron at high pressure and high temperature. The experiments were carried out using a multiple-anvil split-sphere type high pressure apparatus (BARS) at pressures 4–5.5 GPa and temperatures of 1350–1450°C. The following main phases were identified after experiments in the serpentine–graphite–iron system: olivine, orthopyroxene, garnet, chromite, metallic iron, iron carbide, graphite. Olivine is a predominant silicate mineral while metallic iron and solid solution of carbon in iron (γ–phase) are abundant in the samples as well. The processes of mineral transformation in the experiment occurred in the presence of fluid of complex composition. In contrast to the oxidizing systems which mainly contain CO2, CO and H2O, the present experiment also contained a hydrocarbon-rich fluid. Our experimental modelling of interaction between the oxidizing and reducing components of the fluid demonstrated a nonequilibrium state with significant heterogeneity in fO2: in short-time runs iron content of olivine varied widely, but longer experiments showed less variations (14.1–18.3 wt.% FeO). It is suggested that iron content of olivine can be considered as an indicator of redox changes in the medium. The excess of metallic iron induces equilibrium which is characterized by formation of minerals corresponding to the reducing conditions. Our results confirmed that Mg-rich olivine and Mg-rich orthopyroxene can form in silicate rock if metallic iron is involved. In such conditions crustal carbon captured by subducting plate can recrystallize in the form of diamond with inclusions of metal–sulfide–silicate composition.
Similar pattern of butterfly decline in urban and semi-natural alpine areas
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Ulrich Werner , Gros Patrick , Teucher Mike 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Urbanization and landscape homogenization are main drivers causing biodiversity loss. The transformation of natural habitats into agro-environments and settlement areas causes the vanishing of many species across the globe and leads to faunal homogenization. In this study, we analyse changes in land-cover and habitat configuration and test for changes in species richness and community composition of butterflies. For this, we analysed historical aerial and recent satellite pictures, and studied the butterfly fauna for two areas in northern Austria, the urban Salzburg areas 'Gaisberg´ and the EU-protected 'Bluntautal´ area. For analyses of landscape and butterfly diversity changes in the respective area, we consider the period 1946–2018. The obtained data show that the proportion of settlement area and forest increased. Sizes of field copses increased, small-scale connectivity decreased and subsequently landscape complexity decreased. In parallel, butterfly species richness decreased and species community composition changed considerably in both areas, particularly in the nature reserve Bluntautal, during the past two decades. For both areas we found severe losses of specialist and xerothermophilic species, relying on open extensively used ecosystems. These trends underpin that the reduction of landscape complexity and subsequent landscape intensification drive the extinction of many species and lead to faunal homogenization. This trend is particularly observable in the Bluntautal, where a large proportion of species diversity has disappeared in recent years despite the protection status of this area. This study underpins that efficient management in protected areas is needed to preserve high habitat quality over long time periods.
PAL inhibits foam cell formation by regulating the PPAR-γ signaling pathway in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced THP-1 macrophages
Authors: Li Siming , Jia Xinhang , Mao Haoyang , Dong Fangxin , Yan Lijun , Zhao Jinzhong , Na Zhang , Wang Wenfei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease continues to pose a major threat to human health. It has been shown that Chinese herbal medicines rich in palmatine(PAL) exert significant beneficial effects on atherosclerosis(AS). However, the specific biological functions and mechanisms of PAL in AS remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of PAL on the core pathological changes in macrophage foam cell formation, a key process in the development of AS. The results demonstrated that PAL significantly reduced the formation of lipid droplets and accumulation of cholesterol ester in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL)-induced macrophage foam cells. RNA-sequencing was used to comprehensively analyze the effect of PAL. The findings revealed that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) pathway is the primary target of PAL in suppressing foam cell formation. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting results confirmed that PAL substantially upregulated the transcription and expression levels of lipid metabolism-related proteins, such as PPAR-γ and liver X receptor-α (LXR-α), whereas it inhibited the transcription of inflammatory factors TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6. These biological changes were reversed by treatment with the PPAR-γ inhibitor T0070907. Molecular docking analysis showed that the binding sites of PAL with PPAR-γ (325THR) is close to the reported PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone（323HIS）, suggesting that PAL may act as a PPAR-γ partial agonist to improve atherosclerosis. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that PAL promotes cholesterol efflux and inhibits inflammatory responses mainly by regulating the PPAR-γ signaling pathway, thus ameliorating macrophage foam cell formation. Our findings may provide a foundation for further research on the pharmacological activity and potential value of PAL in the treatment of AS.
Toxicological and morphological effects of flubendiamide on the midgut of the Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caterpillar
Authors: Rocha Francelina Aparecida Duarte , Martinez Luis Carlos , Lima Bárbara Soares Amoroso , Farder-Gomes Cliver Fernandes , Cossolin Jamile Fernanda Silva , Serrão José Eduardo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Spodoptera cosmioides Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of soybean and cotton crops, whose control is mainly carried out using few chemical insecticides. Diamide flubendiamide is a potential insecticide to control S. cosmioides, which is effective in controlling several pests and have little effect on beneficial arthropods and natural enemies of the pests. This study evaluated the toxicity and histopathological changes caused by flubendiamide in the midgut of S. cosmioides caterpillars. Flubendiamide is toxic to S. cosmioides (LC50 = 23.44 mg L− 1 and LC90 = 320 mg L− 1), whose survival rate after 72 h decreased from 80.92% in the control to 39.76% with LC50, and 21.53% with LC90. Flubendiamide causes damage to the midgut, including epithelial disorganization, brush border degeneration, cytoplasm vacuolization, nuclear chromatin condensation and cell fragmentation, which indicates cell death and compromises digestibility. Thus, flubendiamide has the potential to control S. cosmioides caterpillars.
Cross-correlating deforestation and atmospheric indexes to local rainfall and temperature patterns through detrended multiple cross-correlation analysis
Authors: Millán Humberto , Limberger Leila , Cumbrera Ramiro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Deforestation negatively influences rainfall, soil and air temperature. The objective of this work was to investigate the multiscale association of deforestation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Southern Oscillation Index and East Atlantic Oscillation with rainfall and temperature dynamics. Monthly records of rainfall and temperature from Belem and Manaus (Brazilian Amazonia) were analyzed. The deforestation series corresponds to the whole Amazonia area. Data sets spanned from April 2008 to December 2019. The methodology was based on detrended cross-correlation analysis, multiple detrended cross-correlation and multiscale joint entropy. The significance was assessed by generating probability distribution functions from 5000 simulated Gaussian signals. For Belem, the association of deforestation/EAO/SOI rendered the maximal coefficient value with 18 months as the time scale of maximal cross-correlation. In Manaus, 18 months was the time scale of maximal association with all signal pairs influencing rainfall dynamics significantly. The significance region spanned from 12 to 24 months for both sites. The deforestation/EAO pair showed the highest multiple cross-correlations with air temperature at all time scales larger than 12 months for Belem. However, multiple cross-correlations and significance regions were smaller for Manaus. The joint entropy was smaller than the sum of its marginal values which indicates dependence between the coupled processes. Rainfall/SOI and temperature/SOI pairs portrayed the more complex dynamics in Belem. Rainfall/PDO and temperature/SOI were more complex in Manaus. The entropy correlation coefficient suggests m=15 months as the scale of the deforestation footprint on rainfall patterns. Multiscale methods are better descriptors of coupled atmospheric/anthropogenic processes than those derived from traditional statistics.
Tumor Response to Stroma-Modifying Therapy: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Early-Phase Clinical Trials of Pegvorhyaluronidase alpha (PEGPH20)
Authors: Arias-Lorza Andrés M. , Costello James R. , Hingorani Sunil R. , Von Hoff Daniel D. , Korn Ronald L. , Raghunand Natarajan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that PEGPH20 depletes intratumoral hyaluronic acid (HA), which is linked to high interstitial fluid pressures and poor distribution of chemotherapies. 29 patients with metastatic advanced solid tumors received quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) in 3 prospective clinical trials of PEGPH20, HALO-109-101 (NCT00834704), HALO-109-102 (NCT01170897), and HALO-109-201 (NCT01453153). Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of water (ADC), T1, ktrans, vp, ve, and iAUC maps were computed from qMRI acquired at baseline and ≥ 1 time point post-PEGPH20. Tumor ADC and T1 decreased, while iAUC, ktrans, vp, and ve increased, on day 1 post-PEGPH20 relative to baseline values. This is consistent with HA depletion leading to a decrease in tumor water content and an increase in perfusion, permeability, extracellular matrix space, and vascularity. Baseline parameter values that were predictive of pharmacodynamic responses were: ADC > 1.46×10− 3 mm2/s (Balanced Accuracy (BA) = 72%, p < 0.01), T1 > 0.54s (BA = 82%, p < 0.01), iAUC < 9.2 mM-s (BA = 76%, p < 0.05), ktrans<0.07min− 1 (BA = 72%, p = 0.2), ve<0.17 (BA = 68%, p < 0.01), and vp<0.02 (BA = 60%, p < 0.01). Further, ve<0.39 at baseline was moderately predictive of response in any parameter (BA = 65.6%, p < 0.01 averaged across patients). These qMRI biomarkers are potentially useful for guiding patient pre-selection and post-treatment follow-up in future clinical studies of PEGPH20 and other tumor stroma-modifying anti-cancer therapies.
Associations of Remaining Teeth Number, Periodontal Disease, and Occlusal Support Status with Erectile Dysfunction in Community-Dwelling Men
Authors: Fujita Naoki , Iwane Takuro , Tamura Yoshihiro , Okamoto Teppei , Yamamoto Hayato , Hatakeyama Shingo , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Wataru , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported positive relationships between erectile dysfunction (ED) and periodontal disease. Although occlusal support status and the number of remaining teeth also reflect oral conditions, no study has evaluated the relationship between these oral conditions and ED. The aim of the present study was to investigate these relationships in community-dwelling men. This cross-sectional study included 400 community-dwelling men. Periodontal health status and occlusal support condition were evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Eichner classification. Multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between ED and the remaining teeth number, periodontal disease, and occlusal support status. The median age was 53 years. Of the 400 men, 333 (83%) were classified into ED group. In univariable analyses, remaining teeth number, CPI score, and Eichner classification were significantly associated with ED. In multivariable analyses, remaining teeth number (odds ratio [OR]: 0.907, P = 0.114) and CPI score (OR: 0.978, P = 0.864) were not significantly associated with ED, whereas the Eichner classification was independently and significantly associated with ED (OR: 3.490, P = 0.042). In conclusion, poor occlusal support status was significantly associated with ED, as opposed to remaining teeth number and periodontal health status.
Combining causal inference and within-trial economic evaluation methods to assess comparative cost-effectiveness using real-world data: a tutorial with recommendations based on the quasi-experimental ADAPT study of a redesigned mental health service
Authors: Franklin Matthew , Porter Alice , De Vocht Frank , Kearns Benjamin , Latimer Nicholas , Alava Monica Hernández , Young Tracey , Kidger Judi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES. Real-world evidence is playing an increasingly important role in health technology assessment, but is prone to selection and confounding bias. We demonstrate how to conduct a real-world within-study cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) analysis. We combined traditional within-trial bootstrapped regression-baseline-adjustment with causal inference methods, using a Target Trial framework, inverse probability weights (IPWs), marginal structural models (MSMs), and g-computation, applied to England’s Talking Therapies for anxiety and depression services (TTad) mental-health e-records.
METHODS.The ‘Assessing a Distinct IAPT service’ (ADAPT) quasi-experimental-study evaluated an Enhanced-TTad-service Vs. TTad-services’ treatment-as-usual. TTad-services collect patient-reported PHQ-9-depression and GAD-7-anxiety scores at index-assessment and each treatment session, from which we predicted EQ-5D utilities using a mapping function. Our primary estimands were incremental costs and QALYs for Enhanced-TTad Vs. treatment-as-usual at 16-weeks post-TTad-service-index-assessment.
We prespecified our target trial including eligibility, treatment strategies, assignment procedure, follow-up, outcomes, estimands, and analysis plan. We used stabilised treatment-related and censoring-related IPWs within MSMs to reduce selection and confounding bias due to non-randomised treatment allocation and informative censoring, respectively. Our doubly-robust approach involved MSM-adjusted baseline confounders and g-computation to estimate incremental utilities, costs, and QALYs, with bootstrapped bias-corrected 95% confidence-intervals (95%bCIs) and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.
RESULTS. Primary analysis sample: Enhanced, N=5,441; treatment-as-usual, N=2,149. Naïve regression-baseline-adjustment and doubly-robust approaches suggested Enhanced-TTad-service dominated treatment-as-usual, with average per-person (95%bCIs) cost-savings of £30.64 (£22.26 to £38.90) or £29.64 (£20.69 to £37.99) and QALYs-gained of 0.00035 (-0.00075 to 0.00152) or 0.00052 (-0.00105 to 0.00277), respectively; probability of cost-effectiveness at £30,000 per QALY was 99% or 95%, respectively. The doubly-robust and naïve results concurred; albeit, the doubly-robust results suggested average QALY gains were higher but less certain. The cost-effectiveness results were driven by potential cost-savings.
CONCLUSION. When treatment allocation is non-randomised, the Target Trial framework alongside doubly-robust analyses should be used to reduce selection and confounding bias.
Taxonomic diversity of lichens of a protected area in an industrial city (as an example of the city of Dnipro, Ukraine)
Authors: Kolesnykov Ihor , Kabar Anatoliy 
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to inventory the taxonomic diversity of lichens in the territory of the protected area of local importance "Novokodatskyi Park" located within the large industrial city of Dnipro (Dnipro region, Ukraine), taking into account the data of automated air monitoring. Along with the development of instrumental methods for studying the state of environmental components, biological monitoring is also relevant. After all, living organisms, namely their taxonomic diversity, number and its dynamics, etc., are integral indicators of the state of the environment. Numerous species of organisms are widely used as biomonitors of air pollution, the most famous of which are lichens, as it has been found that with an increase in the content of pollutants in the air, bushy, then leafy and finally scaling forms of lichens first disappear. Numerous studies have also shown a correlation between the number of lichen species and increased concentrations of pollutants in the air. The city of Dnipro is one of the largest industrial cities in Ukraine and has a high level of technogenic load. There are 10 industrial facilities of national and regional significance within the city of Dnipro, which are included in the List of the most environmentally hazardous facilities, and the largest metallurgical enterprises are concentrated in the Novokodatskyi district of Dnipro. During the survey of the territory of the Novokodatskyi Park, a nature reserve of local importance, 10 species of lichens from 6 families were registered. Let’s believe that the study of the taxonomic diversity of the lichen biota of large industrial cities and other settlements is a promising area of research in terms of lichen indication. After all, in this case, lichen diversity is an integral indicator, and the results obtained are quite clear
Virtual reality therapy in patients after trauma surgery: prospective clinical trial
Authors: Lysenko Grigory E. , Shchegolev A. V. , Bogomolov B. N. , Meshakov D. P. 
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative pain is a common problem. The use of non-drug treatments can reduce the need for medications. The use of Virtual Reality Therapy (VR-therapy) is being widely studied as a complementary treatment for acute and chronic pain. The lack of data on the effectiveness of the technique in patients after traumatological surgical interventions became the basis for this study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of VR-therapy as a method of additional treatment of postoperative pain in patients after traumatological surgical interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective clinical study included 70 patients admitted for elective trauma surgery. VR-therapy in combination with medicated analgesics was used in 35 patients. The control group included 35 patients who, after performing similar surgical interventions, were given pain relief only with medication. Virtual reality therapy was performed using an Oculus Quest 2 device. Sessions of 25 minutes were performed 3, 7, 12 hours after the operation. The effectiveness of pain therapy was assessed using a numerical rating scale. The response of the endocrine-metabolic response to pain was assessed by changes in the concentration of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). RESULTS: Therapy based on drug analgesia in combination with virtual reality sessions led to a better quality of pain relief for patients after trauma surgery. After a session of VR, the decrease in scores on the pain self-assessment scale was 44 %. When compared with the results obtained the next day, the values in the main group were lower by 22 %. The need of patients of the main group for narcotic analgesics significantly decreased. The change in the concentration of ACTH, as an indicator of the endocrine-metabolic response, in the group with VR-therapy was 18 % less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS: The use of VR leads to a decrease in postoperative pain, endocrine-metabolic response and the need for opioid analgesics.
Chronic Disorders of Consciousness: guidelines of the All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists”
Authors: Belkin A. A. , Aleksandrova E. V. , Akhutina T. V. , Belkin V. A. , Berdnikovich E. S. , Bykova V. I. , Varako N. A. , Voznyuk I. A. , Gnedovskaya E. V. , Grigoryeva V. N. , Zaytsev O. S. , Zinchenko Yu. P. , Ivanova G. E. , Ivanova N. E. , Kovyazina M. S. , Kondratyev A. N. , Kondratyeva E. A. , Kondratyev S. A. , Krylov V. V. , Latyshev Ya. A. , Lebedinskii K. M. , Legostaeva L. A. , Maksakova O. A. , Martynov M. Yu. , Mikadze Yu. V. , Petrikov S. S. , Petrova M. V. , Piradov M. A. , Popugaev K. A. , Pryanikov I. V. , Ryabinkina Yu. V. , Savin I. A. , Sergeev Dmitry V. , Sinkin M. V. , Skvortsov A. A. , Skripay E. Yu. , Suvorov A. Yu. , Suponeva N. A. , Usachev D. Yu. , Fufaeva E. V. , Shamalov N. A. , Shchegolev A. V. , Iazeva E. G. , Zabolotskikh I. B. 
Published: September 2023

Chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC) represent severe central nervous system damage resulting in long-term disability and a significant burden to healthcare institutions and patientsʼ families. DOC develop in patients after coma and are characterized by the presence of wakefulness with complete or almost complete absence of signs of awareness. DOC include vegetative state (VS) and minimally conscious state (MCS). The term prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC) is also used in the Russian literature to describe the initial stages of chronic DOC. Another clinical entity, exit from MCS, is used to characterize the stage of recovery of cognitive functions. Diagnosis of DOC is based on repeated structured clinical examination using specific scales, provided that reversible causes of impaired consciousness are excluded. Treatment of DOC patients includes maintenance of vital functions and optimal nutrition and control of typical complications and concomitant conditions (pressure sores, spasticity, pain, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, etc.). Rehabilitation of DOC patients should involve a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team, the extent of which is determined by the individual problems and capabilities of the patient. Rehabilitation is most effective if started early. To date, there is no robust evidence on the effectiveness of specific methods for restoring consciousness, while a number of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are being studied; however, they should be applied provided that the maximum possible level of correction of the patientʼs somatic problems is achieved. The family plays a key role in rehabilitation. They need practical information about their loved oneʼs condition, guidance in rehabilitation, and psychological support.