bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of short hairpin RNA expression vectors targeting the internal ribosomal entry site of the classical swine fever virus genomic RNA
Authors: Okamoto Riai , Ito Nobumasa , Ide Yutaro , Kitab Bouchra , Sakoda Yoshihiro , Tsukiyama-Kohara Kyoko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a fatal contagious disease affecting pigs caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The disease can be transmitted by pigs and wild boars, and it is difficult to prevent and control. To obtain necessary information to establish the CSFV resistant animals in a future study, we designed lentiviral vector-delivered short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting the conserved domain III of the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) of the CSFV genomic RNA.

Results
First, we confirmed the effects of siRNAs on CSFV-IRES activity. We observed significant inhibition of CSFV-IRES activity by si42 (domain IIIa), si107 (domain IIIc), and si198 (domain IIIf) in SK-L cells and si56 (domain IIIb), si142 (domain IIId1) and si198 in HEK293 cells without affecting the amount of luciferase RNA. Next, we constructed lentiviral vectors expressing shRNA based on siRNA sequences. Treatment with shRNA-expressing lentivirus was examined at 7 and 14 days post infection in SK-L cells and HEK293 cells, and CSFV-IRES was significantly suppressed at 14 days (sh42) post infection in HEK293 cells without significant cytotoxicity. Next, we examined the silencing effect of siRNA on CSFV replicon RNA and observed a significant effect by si198 after 2 days of treatment and by shRNA-expressing lentivirus (sh56, sh142, and sh198) infection after 14 days of treatment. Treatment of sh198-expressing lentivirus significantly suppressed CSFV infection at 3 days after infection.

Conclusion
The IRES targeting sh198 expressing lentivirus vector can be a candidate tool for CSFV infection control.
Criteria for early diagnosis of mandibular third molar agenesis based on the developmental stages of mandibular canine, first and second premolars, and second molar: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Hyuntae , Hyun Hong-Keun , Shin Teo Jeon , Kim Young-Jae , Kim Jung-Wook , Jang Ki-Taeg , Song Ji-Soo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Permanent first molars with severe dental caries, developmental defects, or involved in oral pathologies are at risk of poor prognosis in children. Accordingly, using the third molar to replace the first molar can be a good treatment option when third molar agenesis is predicted early. Thus, this retrospective cohort study aimed to develop criteria for early detection of mandibular third molar (L8) agenesis based on the developmental stages of mandibular canine (L3), first premolar (L4), second premolar (L5), and second molar (L7).

Method
Overall, 1,044 and 919 panoramic radiographs of 343 males and 317 females, respectively, taken between the ages of 6 and 12 years were included. All developmental stages of L3, L4, L5, L7, and L8 were analyzed based on the dental age, as suggested by Demirjian et al. The independent t-test was used to assess age differences between males and females. The rank correlation coefficients were examined using Kendall’s tau with bootstrap analysis and Bonferroni’s correction to confirm the teeth showing developmental stages most similar to those of L8s. Finally, a survival analysis was performed to determine the criteria for the early diagnosis of mandibular third molar agenesis.

Results
Some age differences were found in dental developmental stages between males and females. Correlation coefficients between all stages of L3, L4, L5, and L7 and L8 were high. In particular, the correlation coefficient between L7 and L8 was the highest, whereas that between L3 and L8 was the lowest.

Conclusion
If at least two of the following criteria (F stage of L3, F stage of L4, F stage of L5, and E stage of L7) are met in the absence of L8 crypt, agenesis of L8 can be confirmed.
Antibiotic prescriptions among dentists across Norway and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Tousi Farnoush , Al Haroni Mohammed , Lie Stein Atle , Lund Bodil 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The prescription of antibiotics in dental practice contributes significantly to the total use of antibiotics in primary healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic prescription in dental practice during the years 2016–2021 in Norway and their relative contribution to national outpatient consumption and to investigate the influence of age, gender, geographic region, and COVID-19. A further aim was to review differences in prescribing patterns to verify effect of governmental strategies to reduce over-prescribing of antibiotics.

Methods
This register study investigated the national antibiotic prescription between 2016 and 2021. Data was obtained from the Norwegian prescription register, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and Statistics Norway. The consumption of 12 common antibiotics was measured using WHO defined daily doses (DDDs), DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DIDs 1000).

Results
A total of 6,049,445 antibiotic prescriptions of the 12 investigated compounds were issued in primary care during the study period. Dentists accounted for 942,350 prescriptions corresponding to 15.6% of the total. An overall decrease in the number of prescriptions by health professions other than dentists during the 5 years (IRR = 0.92, 95% CI:0.92–0.93, p < 0.001) was observed. For dentists a slight increase in the number of prescriptions (IRR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01–1.01, p < 0.001) was seen over the study period. The increase of antibiotic prescriptions in dentistry was more pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 4 most prescribed type of antibiotics based on average number of DDDs of the total period 2016–2021 were in descending order; phenoxymethylpenicillin (1,109,150) followed by amoxicillin (126,244), clindamycin (72,565), and metronidazole (64,599). An unexpected finding was that the prescription of the combination compound amoxicillin/clavulanic acid had significantly increased in dentistry during the last 5 years. Geographic, gender, and age differences in the rates of prescriptions were also seen. The data revealed that there are seasonal variations in dental prescriptions.

Conclusions
Noticeable differences exist in prescribing patterns of antibiotics in the last 5 years. Restricted access to dental care due to COVID-19 may have resulted in increased antibiotic prescribing in dentistry as opposed to an otherwise downward trend. Despite national guidelines there is still a need for improvement of antibiotic stewardship in dentistry and to define effective methods to disseminate information.
State of well-being among residents in a tertiary center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlAhmari Fatimah Saeed , Aloqail Alaa , Almansour Shahad , Bagha Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Medical residency is a part of postgraduate medical education and involves clinical training in a selected specialty. It is a challenging step in a physician’s professional development. This study aims to estimate the impact of the residency training program and demographic factors on the trainee’s state of well-being (SOW).

Methods
This was an observational cross-sectional study carried out in the year 2019–2020, which aimed to measure the SOW of residents undergoing clinical training in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 260 residents participated in the study. A self-administered validated online the World Health Organization, Quality of Life Scale questionnaire- BREF was distributed to collect the data. The collected information on four different domains was analysed and compared across the baseline characteristics and different specialties. When appropriate, the independent sample t-test, bivariate correlation analysis, and ANOVA tests were used.

Results
A total of 260 resident responses were included in the final analysis The results revealed a significant difference in physical health scores (p = 0.006), social relationship scores (p = 0.038), and environmental scores (p < 0.001) while no significant difference was found in psychological health scores among the physicians’ specialties (p = 0.053). Post hoc comparison found statistically significant variations in the physical health domain between the medical and emergency specialties (p = 0.007), as well as surgical and emergency specialties (p = 0.024). There was also a significant difference between medical and emergency specialties (p = 0.008) in the social relationship domain. In the environment domain, significant variation was reported between medical specialties and emergency specialties (p = 0.001), as well asbetween surgical specialties and emergency specialties (p = 0.045). Female residents reported significantly lower quality of life in the physical (p = 0.020) and psychological (p = 0.032) domains.

Conclusions
A significant relationship was found between physical, social, and environmental domains according to residents’ specialties. The factors that affected one or more domains included age, female gender, marital status, disease status, the number of on-calls received, and workload. We emphasize the importance of implementing policies to regulate working hours and on-call schedules as well as prioritizing mental health support.
Integrating research in health professions education: a scoping review
Authors: Riiser Kirsti , Kalleson Runa , Holmen Heidi , Torbjørnsen Astrid 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Integrating teaching and research may boost students’ learning and improve future clinical practice when incorporated into education. Explorations of health professions students’ involvement in the research processes and their learning outcomes are sparse. Thus, the purpose of this scoping review is to explore the existing scientific literature on courses involving students from health professions education in research activities. The research questions are: Which parts of the research process are the health professions students involved in, and what are the students’ main learning outcomes related to the research process reported to be?

Methods
A scoping review following the six-step approach of Arksey and O’Malley was undertaken. We searched four electronic databases to identify studies focusing on research-based teaching in health professions education. Inspired by content analysis, we identified key concepts relating to the research process and learning outcomes.

Results
We screened 1084 abstracts, reviewed 95 full-text reports, and included 24 for analysis. Overall, the students were more involved in conducting and disseminating research than in the planning phases. Learning outcomes were most frequently reported as specific research skills, such as conducting literature reviews, writing academically, and presenting results, but also as improved understanding of research in general as well as improved motivation and confidence in conducting research.

Conclusions
The heterogeneity of educational programs, study designs, and measures makes it difficult to draw conclusions across the studies included in the review. More research is needed to conclude whether health professions students who actively engage in research gain a better understanding of the research process, become more likely to pursue research in their practice, or are more motivated to choose an academic career.
Associations of a current Australian model of dietetic care for women diagnosed with gestational diabetes and maternal and neonatal health outcomes
Authors: Absalom Gina , Zinga Julia , Margerison Claire , Abbott Gavin , O’Reilly Sharleen , van der Pligt Paige 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant public health burden in Australia. Subsequent strain on healthcare systems is widespread and current models of care may not be adequate to provide optimal healthcare delivery. This study aimed to assess a current model of dietetic care with maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods
Hospital medical record data from The Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, for women with GDM (n = 1,185) (July 2105-May 2017) was retrospectively analysed. Adjusted linear and logistic regression were used to analyse associations between the number of dietitian consultations and maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Results
Half of all women (50%) received two consultations with a dietitian. 19% of women received three or more consultations and of these women, almost twice as many were managed by medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and pharmacotherapy (66%) compared with MNT alone (34%). Higher odds of any maternal complication among women receiving 3 + consultations compared to those receiving zero (OR = 2.33 [95% CI: 1.23, 4.41], p = 0.009), one (OR = 1.80 [95% CI: 1.09, 2.98], p = 0.02), or two (OR = 1.65 [95% CI: 1.04, 2.60], p = 0.03) consultations were observed. Lower odds of infant admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) were observed among women receiving one (OR = 0.38 [95% CI: 0.18, 0.78], p = 0.008), two (OR = 0.37 [95% CI: 15 0.19, 0.71], p = 0.003), or three + consultations (OR = 0.43 [95% CI: 0.21, 0.88], p = 0.02), compared to no consultations.

Conclusion
The optimal schedule of dietitian consultations for women with GDM in Australia remains largely unclear. Alternate delivery of education for women with GDM such as telehealth and utilisation of digital platforms may assist relieving pressures on the healthcare system and ensure optimal care for women during pregnancy.
Assessment of factors influencing physicians’ intention to prescribe transfusion using the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Liao Yu-Han , Tang Kung-Pei , Chou Chih-Yu , Kuo Chien-Feng , Tsai Shin-Yi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Blood shortage is a persistent problem affecting Taiwan’s health-care system. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been commonly used in studies of health advocacy. The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire measuring clinicians’ intention to prescribe transfusion based on the TPB.

Method
A questionnaire comprising 15 items for assessing clinicians’ intention to prescribe blood transfusion was developed, and it collected demographic characteristics, tested patient blood management (PBM) and perceived knowledge of PBM. Furthermore, the questionnaire contained four subscales related to the TPB. A total of 129 clinicians participated in this pilot study between July and December2020. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted to examine the validity and reliability of this measurement instrument.

Results
The results indicated no statistically significant correlations between the demographic characteristics and PBM test scores. Regarding perceived knowledge, the results of a one-way analysis of variance revealed that the effect of age, hierarchy of doctors, and education level were significant. In terms of subjective norms, a significant effect on education level was noted [t (129) = 2.28, p < 0.05], with graduate school graduates receiving higher scores than college graduates. An analysis of variance demonstrated the effects of hierarchy, education level, and medical specialty on perceived behavioral control. The results of the regression analyses revealed that perceived knowledge (β = 0.32, p < 0.01) and subjective norms (β = 0.22, p < 0.05) were significantly related to clinicians’ behavioral intentions.

Conclusions
This study revealed that factors affecting clinicians’ blood transfusion management can be explained using the TPB-based questionnaire. This study demonstrated that physicians’ perceptions of whether most people approve of PBM and their self-assessment of their PBM knowledge affect their intentions to proceed with PBM. According to this finding, a support system among physicians must be established and maintained to increase physicians’ confidence in promoting PBM.
Integrated epigenome, whole genome sequence and metabolome analyses identify novel multi-omics pathways in type 2 diabetes: a Middle Eastern study
Authors: Yousri Noha A. , Albagha Omar M. E. , Hunt Steven C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
T2D is of high prevalence in the middle east and thus studying its mechanisms is of a significant importance. Using 1026 Qatar BioBank samples, epigenetics, whole genome sequencing and metabolomics were combined to further elucidate the biological mechanisms of T2D in a population with a high prevalence of T2D.

Methods
An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) with T2D was performed using the Infinium 850K EPIC array, followed by whole genome-wide sequencing SNP-CpG association analysis (> 5.5 million SNPs) and a methylome-metabolome (CpG-metabolite) analysis of the identified T2D sites.

Results
A total of 66 T2D-CpG associations were identified, including 63 novel sites in pathways of fructose and mannose metabolism, insulin signaling, galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, and carbohydrate absorption and digestion. Whole genome SNP associations with the 66 CpGs resulted in 688 significant CpG-SNP associations comprising 22 unique CpGs (33% of the 66 CPGs) and included 181 novel pairs or pairs in novel loci. Fourteen of the loci overlapped published GWAS loci for diabetes related traits and were used to identify causal associations of HK1 and PFKFB2 with HbA1c. Methylome-metabolome analysis identified 66 significant CpG-metabolite pairs among which 61 pairs were novel. Using the identified methylome-metabolome associations, methylation QTLs, and metabolic networks, a multi-omics network was constructed which suggested a number of metabolic mechanisms underlying T2D methylated genes. 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-GPE (16:0/18:1) – a triglyceride-associated metabolite, shared a common network with 13 methylated CpGs, including TXNIP, PFKFB2, OCIAD1, and BLCAP. Mannonate – a food component/plant shared a common network with 6 methylated genes, including TXNIP, BLCAP, THBS4 and PEF1, pointing to a common possible cause of methylation in those genes. A subnetwork with alanine, glutamine, urea cycle (citrulline, arginine), and 1-carboxyethylvaline linked to PFKFB2 and TXNIP revealed associations with kidney function, hypertension and triglyceride metabolism. The pathway containing STYXL1-POR was associated with a sphingosine-ceramides subnetwork associated with HDL-C and LDL-C and point to steroid perturbations in T2D.

Conclusions
This study revealed several novel methylated genes in T2D, with their genomic variants and associated metabolic pathways with several implications for future clinical use of multi-omics associations in disease and for studying therapeutic targets.
Effects of dietary Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation on the production performance, egg quality, eggshell ultrastructure, and lipid metabolism of late-phase laying hens
Authors: Liu Liming , Zhang Guoqing , Qu Ge , Liu Bin , Zhang Xiufeng , Li Gaoqian , Jin Ningyi , Li Chang , Bai Jieying , Zhao Cuiqing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Toward the late phase of laying, the production performance of laying hens decreases, egg quality deteriorates, lipid metabolism weakens, and hepatic lipid accumulation is exacerbated. Probiotics as an alternative to antimicrobials have been employed in poultry-related industries. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is currently the most researched and clinically validated probiotic, showing promising effects in multiple application areas. However, few studies have been conducted on livestock (including poultry) production.

Results
Compared with the CON group, the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) declined significantly in the LGG group. Eggshell strength (P < 0.001) and eggshell thickness (P < 0.001) were significantly increased by supplementation with LGG in the diet. The height (P < 0.001) and proportion (P < 0.05) of the effective layer and the mammillary knob density (P < 0.01) in the eggshell ultrastructure of the LGG group increased significantly, while the mammillary layer (P < 0.05) and knob width (P < 0.01) decreased significantly. The LGG-treated hens had significantly lower serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05), free fatty acids (P < 0.01), and liver triglyceride (P < 0.05) levels than those in the CON group.

Conclusions
LGG supplementation significantly decreases the feed conversion ratio, improves eggshell quality by altering the ultrastructure, and improves lipid metabolism in the late laying period.
Healthcare provider and drug dispenser knowledge and adherence to guidelines for the case management of malaria in pregnancy in the context of multiple first-line artemisinin-based combination therapy in western Kenya
Authors: Osoro Caroline B. , Dellicour Stephanie , Ochodo Eleanor , Young Taryn , ter Kuile Feiko , Gutman Julie R. , Hill Jenny 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Concerns about emerging resistance to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in Africa prompted the pilot introduction of multiple first-line therapies (MFT) in Western Kenya, potentially exposing women-of-childbearing-age (WOCBA) to anti-malarials with unknown safety profiles in the first trimester. The study assessed healthcare provider knowledge and adherence to national guidelines for managing malaria in pregnancy in the context of the MFT pilot.

Methods
From March to April 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 health facilities (HF) and 40 drug outlets (DO) using structured questionnaires to assess pregnancy detection, malaria diagnosis, and treatment choices by trimester. Differences between HF and DO providers and between MFT and non-MFT HFs were assessed using Chi-square tests.

Results
Of 174 providers (77% HF, 23% DO), 56% were from MFT pilot facilities. Most providers had tertiary education; 5% HF and 20% DO had only primary or secondary education. More HF than DO providers had knowledge of malaria treatment guidelines (62% vs. 40%, p = 0.023), received training in malaria in pregnancy (49% vs. 20%, p = 0.002), and reported assessing for pregnancy in WOCBA (98% vs. 78%, p < 0.001). Most providers insisted on parasitological diagnosis, with 59% HF using microscopy and 85% DO using rapid diagnostic tests. More HF than DO providers could correctly name the drugs for treating uncomplicated malaria in the first trimester (oral quinine, or AL if quinine is unavailable) (90% vs. 58%, p < 0.001), second and third trimesters (artemisinin-based combination therapy) (84% vs. 70%, p = 0.07), and for severe malaria (parenteral artesunate/artemether) (94% vs. 60%, p < 0.001). Among HF providers, those in the MFT pilot had more knowledge of malaria treatment guidelines (67% vs. 49%, p = 0.08) and had received training on treatment of malaria in pregnancy (56% vs. 32%, p = 0.03). Few providers (10% HF and 12% DO) had adequate knowledge of malaria treatment in pregnancy, defined as the correct drug and dose for uncomplicated and severe malaria in all trimesters.

Conclusions
Knowledge of national malaria in pregnancy treatment guidelines among providers in Western Kenya is suboptimal. Robust training on appropriate anti-malarial and dosage is needed, particularly given the recent change in recommendation for artemether-lumefantrine use in the first trimester. Supervision of DO and HF practices is essential for correct treatment of malaria in pregnancy in the context of MFT programmes.