bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficits in volumetric bone mineral density, bone microarchitecture, and estimated bone strength in women with atypical anorexia nervosa compared to healthy controls
Authors: Haines Melanie S. , Kimball Allison , Dove Devanshi , Chien Melanie , Strauch Julianne , Santoso Kate , Meenaghan Erinne , Eddy Kamryn T. , Fazeli Pouneh K. , Misra Madhusmita , Miller Karen K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and deficits in bone microarchitecture and strength. Low BMD is common in atypical anorexia nervosa, in which criteria for anorexia nervosa are met except for low weight. We investigated whether women with atypical anorexia nervosa have deficits in bone microarchitecture and estimated strength at the peripheral skeleton.MethodMeasures of BMD and microarchitecture were obtained in 28 women with atypical anorexia nervosa and 27 controls, aged 21–46 years.ResultsMean tibial volumetric BMD, cortical thickness, and failure load were lower, and radial trabecular number and separation impaired, in atypical anorexia nervosa versus controls (p < .05). Adjusting for weight, deficits in tibial cortical bone variables persisted (p < .05). Women with atypical anorexia nervosa and amenorrhea had lower volumetric BMD and deficits in microarchitecture and failure load versus those with eumenorrhea and controls. Those with a history of overweight/obesity or fracture had deficits in bone microarchitecture versus controls. Tibial deficits were particularly marked. Less lean mass and longer disease duration were associated with deficits in high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR‐pQCT) variables in atypical anorexia nervosa.DiscussionWomen with atypical anorexia nervosa have lower volumetric BMD and deficits in bone microarchitecture and strength at the peripheral skeleton versus controls, independent of weight, and particularly at the tibia. Women with atypical anorexia nervosa and amenorrhea, less lean mass, longer disease duration, history of overweight/obesity, or fracture history may be at higher risk. This is salient as deficits in HR‐pQCT variables are associated with increased fracture risk.Public SignificanceAtypical anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric disorder in which psychological criteria for anorexia nervosa are met despite weight being in the normal range. We demonstrate that despite weight in the normal range, women with atypical anorexia nervosa have impaired bone density, structure, and strength compared to healthy controls. Whether this translates to an increased risk of incident fracture in this population requires further investigation.
Amazonian Odonata Trait Bank
Authors: Ferreira Victor Rennan Santos , de Resende Bethânia Oliveira , Bastos Rafael Costa , da Brito Joás Silva , de Carvalho Fernando Geraldo , Calvão Lenize Batista , Oliveira‐Junior José Max Barbosa , Neiss Ulisses Gaspar , Ferreira Rhainer , Juen Leandro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiscussion regarding the gaps of knowledge on Odonata is common in the literature. Such gaps are even greater when dealing with basic biological data for biodiverse environments like the Amazon Rainforest. Therefore, studies that address, classify, and standardize functional traits allow the elaboration of a wide range of ecological and evolutionary hypotheses. Moreover, such endeavors aid conservation and management planning by providing a better understanding of which functional traits are filtered or favored under environmental changes. Here, our main goal was to produce a database with 68 functional traits of 218 Odonata species that occur in the Brazilian Amazon. We extracted data on behavior, habit/habitat (larvae and adults), thermoregulation, and geographic distribution from 419 literature sources classified into different research areas. Moreover, we measured 22 morphological traits of approximately 2500 adults and categorized species distributions based on approximately 40,000 geographic records for the Americas. As a result, we provided a functional matrix and identified different functional patterns for the Odonata suborders, as well as a strong relationship between the different trait categories. For this reason, we recommend the selection of key traits that represent a set of functional variables, reducing the sampling effort. In conclusion, we detect and discuss gaps in the literature and suggest research to be developed with the present Amazonian Odonata Trait Bank (AMO‐TB).
Lightning scars on tropical trees—Evidence and opportunities
Authors: Zoletto Bianca , van der Sande Masha T. , van der Sleen Peter , Sheil Douglas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLightning strikes are a significant cause of tree mortality and damage in some regions of the tropics. Formation of lightning scars on tropical trees, however, is considered rare and therefore of little relevance in identifying trees struck by lightning. Here, we suggest, based on observations made in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (Uganda), that lightning scars can be frequent and may be a useful diagnostic feature to aid in identifying trees struck by lightning.
Asymmetrical facilitation ameliorates environmental conditions through positive feedback in partner traits
Authors: Moore Althea F. P. , Hughes A. Randall 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPositive species interactions, including facilitation and mutualism, are important in shaping ecological communities through the amelioration of stressful conditions. Facilitation results from traits (e.g., plant growth form) that create benefits for one or more interacting partners. The outcomes of facilitation depend on positive or negative feedbacks between partners, which can determine the stability of interactions over time. We can expand our understanding of these dynamics through a bidirectional approach that identifies the specific mechanisms creating benefits for the associated species, the traits related to those benefits, and the potential for feedbacks to affect amelioration by modifying traits. We characterized an association between the salt marsh plant Limonium carolinianum and mussel Geukensia sp. in the northern Gulf of Mexico. We used a field survey and three field experiments to establish the bidirectional effects of the association, the underlying mechanisms, and the relevant traits for each partner species. Mussels benefitted from Limonium canopies, which ameliorated high temperatures and predation for mussels, increasing survival and recruitment. These positive effects were particularly evident under larger canopies. Mussels enriched sediment organic matter and thus over time are expected to alleviate nutrient limitation for Limonium. Changes in functional traits of both species contributed to facilitation. Limonium both benefitted from and promoted higher mussel density, and mussels both allowed Limonium to grow or retain more leaves and benefitted from stress amelioration under larger canopies. The benefits of the association appear asymmetrical: mussels consistently benefitted in both experiments, but we found only modest positive effects on Limonium, and only over the longer term. These differences likely reflect variation in the seasonality and/or timescale of the facilitative mechanisms. The bidirectional and mechanistic design of our study revealed positive feedbacks that reinforced the traits conferring benefits to each partner, potentially stabilizing this positive interaction. Understanding how feedbacks influence the outcomes of facilitation is increasingly important as anthropogenic stressors increase globally.
Mammal mitogenomics from invertebrate‐derived DNA
Authors: Danabalan Renita , Merkel Kevin , Bærholm Schnell Ida , Arandjelovic Mimi , Boesch Christophe , Brazzola Gregory , Dieguez Paula , Dupain Jef , Kambale‐Vyalengerera Magloire , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Hoffmann Constanze , Lapuente Juan , Ngoc Thinh Van , Zimmermann Fee , Leendertz Fabian H. , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Roos Christian , Mazzoni Camila , Gogarten Jan F. , Calvignac‐Spencer Sébastien 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe metabarcoding of vertebrate DNA found in invertebrate‐derived DNA (iDNA) has proven a powerful tool for monitoring biodiversity. To date, iDNA has primarily been used to detect the presence/absence of particular taxa using metabarcoding, though recent efforts demonstrated the potential utility of these data for estimating relative animal abundance. Here, we test whether iDNA can also be used to reconstruct complete mammalian mitogenomes and therefore bring the field closer to population‐level analyses. Specifically, we used mitogenomic hybridization capture coupled with high‐throughput sequencing to analyze individual (N = 7) or pooled (N = 5) fly‐derived DNA extracts, and individual (N = 7) or pooled (N = 1) leech‐derived DNA extracts, which were known a priori to contain primate DNA. All sources of iDNA showed their ability to generate large amounts of mammalian mitogenomic information and deeper sequencing of libraries is predicted to allow for even more complete recovery of primate mitogenomes from most samples (90%). Sixty percent of these iDNA extracts allowed for the recovery of (near) complete mammalian mitochondrial genomes (hereafter mitogenomes) that proved useable for phylogenomic analyses. These findings contribute to paving the way for iDNA‐based population mitogenomic studies of terrestrial mammals.
Improved mortality and haemodynamics with milrinone in cardiogenic shock due to acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Rodenas‐Alesina Eduard , Luis Scolari Fernando , Wang Vicki N. , Brahmbhatt Darshan H. , Mihajlovic Vesna , Fung Nicole L. , Otsuki Madison , Billia Filio , Overgaard Christopher B. , Luk Adriana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsStudies in cardiogenic shock (CS) often have a heterogeneous population of patients, including those with acute myocardial infarction and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF‐CS). The therapeutic profile of milrinone may benefit patients with ADHF‐CS. We compared the outcomes and haemodynamic trends in ADHF‐CS receiving either milrinone or dobutamine.Methods and resultsPatients presenting with ADHF‐CS (from 2014 to 2020) treated with a single inodilator (milrinone or dobutamine) were included in this study. Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and haemodynamic parameters were collected. The primary endpoint was 30 day mortality, with censoring at the time of transplant or left ventricular assist device implantation. A total of 573 patients were included, of which 366 (63.9%) received milrinone and 207 (36.1%) received dobutamine. Patients receiving milrinone were younger, had better kidney function, and lower lactate at admission. In addition, patients receiving milrinone received mechanical ventilation or vasopressors less frequently, whereas a pulmonary artery catheter was more frequently used. Milrinone use was associated with a lower adjusted risk of 30 day mortality (hazard ratio = 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.77). After propensity‐matching, the use of milrinone remained associated with a lower mortality (hazard ratio = 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.96). These findings were associated with improved pulmonary artery compliance, stroke volume, and right ventricular stroke work index.ConclusionsThe use of milrinone compared with dobutamine in patients with ADHF‐CS is associated with lower 30 day mortality and improved haemodynamics. These findings warrant further study in future randomized controlled trials.
Evolocumab has no effects on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction injury biomarkers: The EVO‐HF trial
Authors: Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Lupón Josep , Revuelta‐Lopez Elena , Llibre Cinta , Gastelurrutia Paloma , Domingo Mar , Cediel Germán , Codina Pau , Santiago‐Vacas Evelyn , Rangel‐Sousa Diego , Fernández‐Cisnal Agustín , Miñana Gema , Mollar Anna , Núñez Julio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimPatients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have not been shown to benefit from statins. We hypothesized that, by limiting disease progression in stable HFrEF of ischaemic etiology, the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor evolocumab could reduce circulating troponin levels, a surrogate biomarker of myocyte injury and atherosclerosis progression.Methods and resultsThe EVO‐HF multicentre prospective randomized trial compared evolocumab (420 mg/month administered subcutaneously) plus guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT; n = 17) versus GDMT alone (n = 22) for 1 year in patients with stable coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%, ischaemic aetiology, New York Heart Association class II, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) ≥400 pg/ml, high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐TnT) >10 pg/ml, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) ≥70 mg/dl. The primary endpoint was change in hs‐TnT concentration. Secondary endpoints included NT‐proBNP, interleukin‐1 receptor‐like 1 (ST2), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), LDL, low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and PCSK9 levels at 1 year. Patients were mainly Caucasian (71.8%), male (79.5%), relatively young (mean age 68.1 ± 9.4 years), with a mean LVEF of 30.4 ± 6.5%, and managed with contemporary treatments. No significant changes in hs‐TnT levels were observed in any group at 1 year. NT‐proBNP and ST2 levels decreased in the GDMT plus evolocumab group (p = 0.045 and p = 0.008, respectively), without changes in hs‐CRP, HDL‐C, or LDLR. Total and LDL‐C decreased in both groups, significantly higher in the intervention group (p = 0.003), and PCSK9 levels increased in the intervention group.ConclusionsThis prospective randomized pilot trial, although with the limitation of the small sample size, does not support the benefit of evolocumab in reducing troponin levels in patients with elevated LDL‐C levels, history of coronary artery disease, and stable HFrEF.
Efficient Hydroboration of Esters and Nitriles Using a Quinazolinone‐Supported Titanium(IV) Multitasking Catalyst
Authors: Narvariya Rajrani , Das Suman , Mandal Susmita , Jain Archana , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe report catalytic hydroboration of esters as well as nitriles under solvent‐free and mild conditions using single titanium(IV) metal complex, [{κ2‐C6H4C(O)N(iPr)C(N‐iPr)=N}{κ3‐(iPr)N=C(O)−C6H4−NC(NMe2)N(iPr)}TiNMe2] 1 as a sustainable, economical, and efficient pre‐catalyst. The molecular structure of the TiIV complex in the solid state reveals the unique coordination of TiIV metal with N, N, and O atoms of one quinazolinone unit via in‐situ rearrangement, while another quinazolinone moiety coordinates in bidentate fashion via both N atoms only. The TiIV complex demonstrates excellent activity as a pre‐catalyst towards the hydroboration of a wide array of esters and nitriles with pinacolborane (HBpin) to afford alkoxyboranes and diboryl amines in high yield (up to 99 %) with greater tolerance to a variety of electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating functional groups. A most plausible mechanism of hydroboration of esters is also proposed based on kinetics and NMR studies, which suggests the formation of titanium‐hydride species as an active catalyst.
Equipping fathers to support distressed mothers: What do mothers want fathers to know and do?
Authors: Fletcher Richard , Regan Casey , May Chris , White Scott , St George Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedUp to one in five new mothers experience depression or anxiety, and their partners are often the first line of social and practical support. However, many fathers are unprepared for their role as support person. The SMS4dads program (www.sms4dads.com) provides text‐based support to new fathers but lacks specific messages addressing maternal mental distress.MethodsA mixed methods process engaged mothers with lived experience of perinatal mental distress to identify message content for co‐designing texts in SMS4dads. Participants completed surveys derived from research literature and parenting websites using the theoretical framework of support domains: emotional or affectionate support, informational support, tangible support and positive social interaction. Mothers also indicated the most appropriate timing of support: at the point of identifying the distress (emerging), with ongoing symptoms (persistent) or during recovery (easing). Free text comments from mothers were linked to survey topics to provide examples of wording suitable for text messages to fathers.ResultsFifty‐five mothers with lived experience completed the surveys. All support items were more often endorsed as helpful rather than not helpful by mothers. Emotional support was thought helpful in the early stages, tangible support was valued with ongoing symptoms and social interaction appreciated as symptoms eased.ConclusionsMothers experiencing perinatal depression and anxiety require a range of supportive actions by their partners, including household tasks and baby‐care, encouragement, listening and managing relationships with family and friends.So What?Information provided by distressed mothers can provide guidance to professionals when designing information for fathers/partners. Digital delivery of this co‐designed information to fathers across urban and rural areas may enhance the competence of fathers working to support mothers experiencing mental distress in the perinatal period.
The relationship between incidence of cesarean section and physical activity during pregnancy among pregnant women of diverse age groups: Dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Weng Yeming M. , Green Jeni , Yu Jingjing J. , Zhang Hanyue Y. , Cui Hua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of evidence related to physical activity and risk of cesarean section (CS) by age and/or weight in pregnant women.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of physical activity on the incidence of CS and explore the relationship of age and body mass index (BMI) with incidence of CS.Search StrategyA systematic search was conducted in CNKI, WANGFANG, Web of Science, and PubMed from inception to 31 August 2021.Selection CriteriaExperimental studies were included if the participants were pregnant, if intervention included physical activity and controls received routine prenatal care only, and if primary outcome was CS.Data Collection and AnalysisMeta‐analysis included a heterogeneity test, data combination, subgroup analysis, forest plot, sensitivity analysis, and dose–response regression analysis.Main ResultsSixty‐two studies were included. Physical activity during pregnancy decreased the incidence of CS (relative risk [RR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.88, P < 0.001). The incidence of CS was lower among the overweight/obese group (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.93) compared with the normal weight group (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74–0.90). The incidence of CS was lowest among the young age group (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46–0.80) compared with the middle age group (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64–0.85) and the older age group (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–1.00). The critical value, when age becomes a risk factor for CS, was 31.7 years in the intervention group and 28.5 years in the control group.ConclusionsPhysical activity during pregnancy can reduce the incidence of CS, especially among obese people, and prolong the gestational age span.
Pre‐cultured, cell‐encapsulating fibrin microbeads for the vascularization of ischemic tissues
Authors: Friend Nicole E. , Beamish Jeffrey A. , Margolis Emily A. , Schott Nicholas G. , Stegemann Jan P. , Putnam Andrew J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is a significant clinical need to develop effective vascularization strategies for tissue engineering and the treatment of ischemic pathologies. In patients afflicted with critical limb ischemia, comorbidities may limit common revascularization strategies. Cell‐encapsulating modular microbeads possess a variety of advantageous properties, including the ability to support prevascularization in vitro while retaining the ability to be injected in a minimally invasive manner in vivo. Here, fibrin microbeads containing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were cultured in suspension for 3 days (D3 PC microbeads) before being implanted within intramuscular pockets in a SCID mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. By 14 days post‐surgery, animals treated with D3 PC microbeads showed increased macroscopic reperfusion of ischemic foot pads and improved limb salvage compared to the cellular controls. Delivery of HUVEC and MSC via microbeads led to the formation of extensive microvascular networks throughout the implants. Engineered vessels of human origins showed evidence of inosculation with host vasculature, as indicated by erythrocytes present in hCD31+ vessels. Over time, the total number of human‐derived vessels within the implant region decreased as networks remodeled and an increase in mature, pericyte‐supported vascular structures was observed. Our findings highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of developing modular, prevascularized microbeads as a minimally invasive therapeutic for treating ischemic tissues.
Factors associated with the response to atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yano Yoshihiko , Yamamoto Atsushi , Mimura Takuya , Kushida Saeko , Hirohata Seiya , Yoon Seitetsu , Hirano Hirotaka , Kim Soo Ki , Hatazawa Yuri , Momose Kenji , Hayashi Hiroki , Kado Takuo , Nishi Katsuhisa , Tanaka Hidenori , Matsuura Takanori , Yoshida Ryutaro , Asaji Naoki , Yasutomi Eiichiro , Shiomi Yuuki , Minami Akihiro , Komatsu Shohei , Fukumoto Takumi , Ueda Yoshihide , Kodama Yuzo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe purpose of this study was to analyze factors associated with the overall survival (OS) of atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). We also assessed the OS of patients with ineffective therapy and those who discontinued treatment owing to adverse events (AEs).MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study involved 139 patients with aHCC who received atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy between November 2020 and September 2022.ResultsThe median duration of treatment was 136.5 days, and the median observation period was 316 days. The overall response rate was 40%, and the disease control rate was 78% according to mRECIST criteria. Grade ≥2 AEs occurred in 63 patients (43%) and led to treatment discontinuation in 16 patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that treatment response and occurrence of grade ≥2 AEs after therapy, as well as low level of albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) grade and low level of des‐gamma carboxy prothrombin (DCP) before therapy, were extracted as factors that contributed to OS. Log‐rank tests with the Kaplan–Meier method showed significant differences in OS among these factors. The OS of patients who discontinued owing to AEs was significantly shorter than that of other patients.ConclusionNot only factors before therapy but also treatment response and the appearance of AEs are involved in OS for atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy. Although the development of AEs also contributed to OS, appropriate management of AEs is important to avoid discontinuing treatment with this combination.