bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A metabolism‐functional connectome sparse coupling method to reveal imaging markers for Alzheimer's disease based on simultaneous PET/MRI scans
Authors: Wang Luyao , Xu Huanyu , Wang Min , Brendel Matthias , Rominger Axel , Shi Kuangyu , Han Ying , Jiang Jiehui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAbnormal glucose metabolism and hemodynamic changes in the brain are closely related to cognitive function, providing complementary information from distinct biochemical and physiological processes. However, it remains unclear how to effectively integrate these two modalities across distinct brain regions. In this study, we developed a connectome‐based sparse coupling method for hybrid PET/MRI imaging, which could effectively extract imaging markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the early stage. The FDG‐PET and resting‐state fMRI data of 56 healthy controls (HC), 54 subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 27 cognitive impairment (CI) participants due to AD were obtained from SILCODE project (NCT03370744). For each participant, the metabolic connectome (MC) was constructed by Kullback–Leibler divergence similarity estimation, and the functional connectome (FC) was constructed by Pearson correlation. Subsequently, we measured the coupling strength between MC and FC at various sparse levels, assessed its stability, and explored the abnormal coupling strength along the AD continuum. Results showed that the sparse MC–FC coupling index was stable in each brain network and consistent across subjects. It was more normally distributed than other traditional indexes and captured more SCD‐related brain areas, especially in the limbic and default mode networks. Compared to other traditional indices, this index demonstrated best classification performance. The AUC values reached 0.748 (SCD/HC) and 0.992 (CI/HC). Notably, we found a significant correlation between abnormal coupling strength and neuropsychological scales (p < .05). This study provides a clinically relevant tool for hybrid PET/MRI imaging, allowing for exploring imaging markers in early stage of AD and better understanding the pathophysiology along the AD continuum.
Access to assisted human reproduction techniques in Colombia: Disparity between the recognition of reproductive rights and their effective implementation
Authors: Pinto‐Bustamante Boris Julián , Gómez‐Córdoba Ana Isabel , Gómez‐Rivadeneira Alexander , Montaño Camilo Alberto Caicedo , Vargas Vivian Andrea Roa , Romero Helena Arango , Pascual María Gabriela Méndez , Cervera José Ignacio Madero 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPublic funding of assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) is a controversial issue. Some health systems have proposed public funding of ARTs. In recent years, there has been evidence of a change in the line of jurisprudence and legislation in Colombia about this topic. This article analyzes the tension between the recognition of individual sexual and reproductive rights and the common good, in terms of the sustainability of the health system and the reasonable use of limited resources to meet the health needs of the population. This article concludes that, despite regulatory progress, there has been a lack of corresponding progress in their effective implementation and the recognition of reproductive rights.
Family planning saves maternal and newborn lives: Why universal access to contraception must be prioritized in national maternal and newborn health policies, financing, and programs
Authors: Askew Ian , Raney Laura , Kerrigan Monica , Sridhar Aparna 
Published: September 2023

SynopsisWe highlight why integrating contraceptive services within maternal and newborn health programs is essential for improving outcomes. We offer effective, actionable recommendations that can be implemented easily.
Do neonatal birth weight thresholds for labor dystocia outcomes differ between short and normal stature women?
Authors: Cohen Gal , Schreiber Hanoch , Shalev‐Ram Hila , Biron‐Shental Tal , Kovo Michal 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if there is a correlation between maternal short stature and neonatal birth weight among women with adverse outcomes related to labor dystocia.MethodsThe medical records of singleton deliveries with adverse obstetric outcomes related to labor dystocia during 2014–2020, in a single tertiary center, were reviewed. Outcomes included at least one of the following: cesarean delivery (CD) due to cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), prolonged second stage, shoulder dystocia, third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal tear. Maternal short stature was defined as height below the 10th centile (short stature group) and normal stature was defined as maternal height between the 10th and 90th centiles (normal stature group). Maternal and neonatal characteristics were compared between the groups.ResultsA total of 3295 women were included, among them, 307 in the short stature group (9.3%, height 1.52 ± 0.02 m) and 2988 in the normal stature group (90.7%, height 1.63 ± 0.04 m). Evaluating the entire cohort revealed similar neonatal birth weights comparing the short and normal stature groups. A subgroup analysis of women after CD due to CPD (n = 296) revealed lower neonatal birth weights in the short stature group (n = 31) compared with the normal stature group (n = 265) (3215 ± 411 vs 3484 ± 427 g, P = 0.001, respectively). Multivariable linear regression was performed for women who underwent CD due to CPD. After adjusting for obesity and diabetes mellitus, short stature and nulliparity were found to be independently associated with decreased neonatal birth weight (266 g less for short stature, P = 0.001, and 294 g less for nulliparity, P = 0.001).ConclusionsAmong women with short stature, CD due to CPD occurs at lower neonatal birth weights.
Connections matter: Adolescent social connectedness profiles and mental well‐being over time
Authors: Oberle Eva , Ji Xuejun Ryan , Alkawaja Maram , Molyneux Tonje M. , Kerai Salima , Thomson Kimberly C. , Guhn Martin , Schonert‐Reichl Kimberly A. , Gadermann Anne M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study examined profiles of social connectedness among early adolescents in grade 7 before the COVID‐19 pandemic was declared (Winter 2020), and in grade 8 during the second Wave of the pandemic (Winter 2021).MethodLinked data from 1753 early adolescents (49% female) from British Columbia, Canada who completed the Middle Years Development Instrument survey in grades 7 and 8 were used. Participants reported on life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and connectedness with peers and adults at home, school and in the community. We used Latent Profile Analysis to identify connectedness profiles at both time points, and Latent Transition Analysis to examine transitions in connectedness profiles over time. Multiple regression analyses examined the associations between profile membership in grade 7 and mental well‐being in grade 8, and the associations between transitions in profile membership (i.e., increase vs. decrease in connectedness over time) and mental well‐being.ResultsConnectedness in multiple domains in grade 7 was related to significantly higher levels of mental well‐being in grade 8, controlling for demographics, well‐being in grade 7, and COVID‐related mental health worries. Well‐being was highest when students felt highly connected in all domains and lowest when they felt lower levels of connection. Increases in connectedness were associated with improvements in mental well‐being and decreases with a decline in well‐being over time.ConclusionsExperiencing connectedness with peers and adults is critical for the mental well‐being in early adolescence. Providing opportunities to connect is important in the context of major societal challenges such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Suppression of LPS‐activated inflammatory responses and chromosomal histone modifications in macrophages by micropattern‐induced nuclear deformation
Authors: Chu Qi , Han Weiju , He Zhichun , Hao Lijing , Fu Xiaoling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMacrophages are important immune effector cells which participate various physiological and pathological conditions. Numerous studies have demonstrated the regulation of macrophage phenotype by micropatterns. It is well accepted that micropatterns affect cellular behaviors through changing cell shape and modulating the associated mechanical sensors on the plasma membrane and cytoskeleton. However, the role of nucleus, which serves as a critical physical sensing device, is often ignored. Herein, we found the nuclear deformation and the subsequently increased chromosomal histone methylation (H3K36me2) may contribute to the micropattern‐induced suppression of macrophage inflammatory responses. Specifically, macrophages on micropatterned surfaces expressed lower levels of key inflammatory genes, compared with those on flat surfaces. Further investigation on macrophage nuclei showed that micropatterned surfaces cause shrinkage of nucleus volume and compaction of chromatin. Moreover, micropatterned surfaces elevated the methylation level of H3K36me2 in macrophages, while decreased the methylation level of H3K4me3. Our study provides new mechanistic insight into how micropatterns affect macrophage phenotype and highlights the importance of nuclear shape and chromatin histone modification in mediating micropattern‐induced change in cell behaviors.
Long‐term changes in psoas muscle mass after lobectomy and segmentectomy for early‐stage lung cancer
Authors: Isaka Tetsuya , Ito Hiroyuki , Yokose Tomoyuki , Saito Haruhiro , Narimatsu Hiroto , Adachi Hiroyuki , Miura Jun , Murakami Kotaro , Kikunishi Noritake , Shigeta Naoko , Rino Yasushi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSegmentectomy is considered a less invasive procedure than lobectomy for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, little is known about the physiological mechanism underlying the lower invasiveness of segmentectomy. This study is aimed to compare the differences in the long‐term changes in the psoas muscle mass after segmentectomy and lobectomy in patients with NSCLC.MethodsOverall 315 recurrence‐free patients who underwent segmentectomy (n = 93) or lobectomy (n = 222) for clinical stage 0‐I NSCLC between January 2016 and December 2018 and underwent computed tomography during the entire period of 6 months ≤ postoperative year (POY) 0.5 < 12 months, 12 months ≤ POY 1 < 24 months, 24 months ≤ POY 2 < 36 months, and 36 months ≤ POY 3 < 48 months were included. Bilateral psoas muscle area (PMA) at the L3 level was measured using each cross‐sectional computed tomography scan. Differences between the segmentectomy and lobectomy groups in the mean change of postoperative PMA from the preoperative period were analysed using Student's t‐test and mixed analysis of variance. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for PMA loss on POY 3 using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe lobectomy group had a significantly larger PMA change than the segmentectomy group during each postoperative period (P < 0.001). Mixed analysis of variance revealed that the mean PMA change was significantly smaller in the segmentectomy group than in the lobectomy group during the observation period (P < 0.001). The mean change in the PMA was significantly larger from POY1 (−2.5%) to POY2 (−3.9%) and POY3 (−4.7%) in the lobectomy group (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001). However, PMA remained unchanged during the postoperative observation period in the segmentectomy group. In the multivariable analysis, the risk factors for PMA change ≤−3.3% (cut‐off: mean change of PMA) at POY3 included lobectomy [odds ratio (OR), 3.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.90–5.82; P < 0.001], male sex (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.02–3.62; P = 0.044) and open thoracotomy (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.11–3.05; P = 0.017). After propensity score matching, the mean change in PMA was smaller in the segmentectomy group (n = 75) than in the lobectomy group (n = 75) during the postoperative observation period (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPsoas muscle mass was better maintained during the postoperative period by segmentectomy than by lobectomy. Psoas muscle mass reduction progressed over a long postoperative period after lobectomy. Segmentectomy via complete video‐assisted thoracic surgery is associated with a lower likelihood of sarcopenia progression.
Developing entrustable professional activities for general dentistry at the University of North Carolina
Authors: Quinonez Rocio B. , Broome Angela , Nesbit Sam , Tittemore Ashley , Kowlowitz Vicki , Duqum Ibrahim , Uyan Dilek , Musskopf Marta L. , Phillips Keith , Moretti Antonio , Mason Matt , Jacobs Alexa , Brian Zachary , Simancas‐Pallares Miguel , Swift Edward J. , Ramaswamy Vidya , Guthmiller Janet M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionAs part of curriculum innovation, the University of North Carolina (UNC) Adams School of Dentistry identified core entrustable professional activities (EPAs) that graduates must demonstrate for practice readiness. This paper describes the development of the UNC EPAs and the perceptions of the general dentistry faculty.MethodsUpon establishing a blueprint of knowledge, skills, and attitudes of UNC graduates, using a distributed leadership approach, faculty teams developed EPAs focused on the patient care process. The American Dental Education Association Compendium of Clinical Competency Assessments and Commission on Dental Accreditation Standards informed the team's work. Perceptions of the assessment framework were examined using a questionnaire completed by 13 general dentistry faculty considering the importance, accuracy, and agreement of each EPA, associated domains of competence, and encounter management on a 6‐point rating scale.ResultsDistributed leadership was a useful strategy in EPA development to disperse decision‐making and build ownership. Through multiple iterations, four EPAs (assessment, plan of care, collaborative care, and provision of care) with associated sub‐EPAs emerged. EPAs included a description, required knowledge and skills, and rubrics for assessment. The general dentistry faculty reported a high level of importance, accuracy, and agreement with EPAs, domains of competence, and encounter management.DiscussionEPAs provide a standardized manner to describe the comprehensive work dentists perform, shifting away from individual competencies. The UNC EPAs provide the foundation for longitudinal measures of competence preparing graduates for independent practice. With limited EPAs frameworks available in dentistry, we aim to inform the development and implementation of EPAs across dental education.
DNA barcoding and scanning electron microscopy reveals Erysiphe ahmadii sp. nov. and a new record Erysiphe populicola (Erysiphaceae, Helotiales) on salicaceous hosts from Pakistan
Authors: Riaz Maria , Afshan Najam‐ul‐Sehar , Afzal Saliha , Zafar Irsa , Saleem Arooma , Khalid Abdul Nasir 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA new species of powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe ahmadii and a new record, Erysiphe populicola, on Salicaceae are described from Pakistan. In addition to light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy is also done to clearly demonstrate the surface characters of chasmothecia. E. ahmadii sp. nov. is characterized by large conidia ((−26)29–35(−37) × (−16)17–21(−23) μm), long chasmothecial appendages (198–286 μm) and small conidiophores. The novelty is confirmed by analyzing the genetic variation of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA gene, a universal fungal marker. E. populicola is characterized for the first time using molecular phylogenetic markers. Detailed descriptions along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs are provided in this paper.Research Highlights
Powdery mildews are obligate biotrophic pathogens of plants.
Erysiphe ahmadii, a new powdery mildew fungus on willow trees, is described.
First reference sequence of Erysiphe populicola is also generated.
Both taxa are discussed in detail using macro‐ and micro‐morphological and DNA barcoding techniques.
Occurrence and persistence of antibiotics administered to cattle in a newly established feedlot
Authors: Trejo Brittany , Russell Matthew , Bartelt‐Hunt Shannon , Beni Nasrin Naderi , Snow Daniel D. , Messer Tiffany L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe practice of using therapeutic and prophylactic veterinary antibiotics in livestock farming is a worldwide phenomenon. Over the last decade, there has been a growing concern of antibiotic residues entering the environment via animal manure. Similar studies have focused on the occurrence and biological effects of antibiotics in land‐applied animal feedlots; however, limited research has been conducted on the occurrence and persistence of antibiotics in animal feedlots. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate antibiotic persistence, fate, and transport in surface water runoff and feedlot sediment in feedlot pens with livestock either receiving or not receiving antibiotic treatments through injection and feed. The two antibiotics (tylosin and monensin) added to animal feed were observed to persist in the soil environment for more than 30 days along with injected florfenicol. Monensin (5.6× higher) and tylosin (20× higher) were significantly higher in livestock pens receiving antibiotics compared to livestock pens not receiving the antibiotics. Further, rainfall was observed to significantly impact soil surface concentrations of florfenicol. Other antibiotics administrated by injection were not observed to statistically increase in concentrations in runoff or feedlot sediment. Our findings emphasize antibiotics administered in feedlots have the potential to persist and remain in feedlot sediment and runoff, particularly in instances of regular administration in feed.
Will the ‘evapotranspiration paradox’ phenomenon exist across China in the future?
Authors: Li Zhenjie , Su Buda , Gao Miaoni , Tao Hui , Jiang Shan , Gong Yu , Wang Yanjun , Zhou Jian , Jiang Tong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe uneven changes in potential evapotranspiration (PET) in response to temperature rise are called the ‘evapotranspiration paradox’ phenomenon, which is expected to intensify further under a warming climate. In this paper, we explored the spatial–temporal changes in the future ‘evapotranspiration paradox’ phenomenon over China and its 10 major river sub‐regions under different climate change scenarios. Thus, this paper uses four global climate model outputs under seven shared socioeconomic pathway‐based scenarios (SSP1‐1.9, SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, SSP4‐3.4, SSP4‐6.0 and SSP5‐8.5) from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Considering the latest IPCC's 6th Assessment Report (AR6), this research emphasizes the 2021–2040 (near‐term), 2041–2060 (mid‐term) and 2081–2100 (long‐term) periods to anticipate the ‘evapotranspiration paradox’ phenomenon. In this study, PET is estimated based on the modified Penman–Monteith (P‐M) method (considering CO2). Furthermore, the paradox phenomenon in this study is defined considering two pivotal conditions: the surface temperature increases but the evaporation decreases (Type I), and the temperature decreases but the evaporation still tends to increase (Type II). The results show that there were only Type I ‘evapotranspiration paradoxes’ that existed in the historical period, which were dominant especially before the 1990s. Nearly 50% of the areas experienced the Type I ‘evapotranspiration paradox’ phenomenon that occurred during 1975–1994 and 1995–2014. Spatially, it covered 100% of the area of the Southeast River (SER) and the Liaohe River (LR) during 1975–1994 and the area of the SER, the HAR, the HHR and the LR during 1995–2014. In the future, the interdecadal growth rate of PET in China is projected to be the highest under the SSP5‐8.5 and the lowest under the SSP3‐7.0 with spatial variation. Importantly, the largest areas of approximately 36% and 45% with the Type I phenomenon are inclined to occur under the SSP1‐1.9 and SSP4‐6.0, respectively, over the long‐term period (2081–2100). The area with the Type I phenomenon will be less than 20% in the near‐term, and it is less than 12% in the mid‐term period. For the Type II evapotranspiration paradox, the uppermost 45% of the area is expected to experience the Type II phenomenon under SSP1‐1.9 during the mid‐term period, while it is 30% under SSP1‐2.6 during the long‐term period. However, this study's findings provide the scientific basis for formulating adaptation and mitigation strategies to combat ‘evapotranspiration paradox’‐related extremes at regional scales.
Stepwise co‐fermented traditional Chinese medicine byproducts improve antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects in a piglet model
Authors: Niu Kaimin , Wang Haoyang , Kim Soo‐Ki , Wassie Teketay , Wu Xin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDLianhua Qingwen capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula having antiviral and anti‐inflammatory activities. During capsule production, a large amount of byproducts will be yielded and disposed of as waste by burying. Resourceful utilization of these kinds of TCM byproducts as feed additives through stage‐based co‐fermentation using enzyme and probiotics could reduce environmental stress and resource shortage. The in vitro characterization and the supplementary effects of fermented TCM byproducts (FTCM) for weaned piglets (initial body weight: 7.23 ± 0.33 kg; dose: basal diet + 300 mg kg−1 FTCM) were investigated.RESULTSHigher reducing sugar content, total flavonoid content, flavonoid compounds (e.g. tectoridin, tricetin, flavone, apigenin, naringenin) and total antioxidant activity were determined in the FTCM compared to spontaneously fermented and unfermented materials. Supplementation of the FTCM to piglets did not significantly affect the feed intake, body weight gain and feed/gain ratio, but significantly decreased a proinflammatory cytokine, IL‐8, and increased intestinal total antioxidant activity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Moreover, FTCM supplementation increased α‐diversity of the colonic microbiota accompanied with increased abundance of Prevotella genus and Treponema berlinense species. Correlation analysis indicates that T. berlinense is responsible for the decreased IL‐8 level and enhanced intestinal TAC and SOD activities which might be mediated by a homoserine lactone molecule (3‐oxo‐C14).CONCLUSIONOverall, the stepwise co‐fermentation enriched bioactive compounds within the TCM byproducts and their dietary supplementation did not generate any side effect on growth performance but displayed beneficial effects on enrichment of potential probiotic T. berlinense and relevant functions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.