bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is ‘good’ domestic violence lawyering?: views from specialist legal services in Australia
Authors: Wangmann Jane , Bartlett Francesca , Batagol Becky , Booth Tracey , Douglas Heather , Kaye Miranda , Seear Kate 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There is increasing recognition that many lawyers, regardless of their practice area, will represent people who have both used and experienced violence in their intimate relationships. This suggests that being informed about domestic and family violence (DFV) is an important attribute of competent lawyering. Despite repeated reports and research drawing attention to poor practices, many lawyers lack DFV training. There is limited research about what it means to be a ‘good’ DFV lawyer. To explore this, we conducted focus groups with lawyers employed in specialist women’s legal services in Australia. Much work undertaken in these services involves working with clients who have experienced DFV, so these lawyers are well placed to identify features of ‘good’ DFV lawyering. The attributes for competent lawyering with people who have experienced DFV, include being knowledgeable about DFV, being trauma-informed/responsive, being knowledgeable about the law and the relevance of violence, adopting a safety lens and providing a holistic service. Our study identifies a number of areas that require further research including understanding the difference between DFV-informed lawyering and trauma-informed/responsive lawyering, and whether specific competencies are required when representing people who experience DFV or have used DFV. Despite years of research and various inquiries pointing to inadequacies and making recommendations for improvement, this article draws attention to continuing gaps in this area.
Identification and characterization of RNA pentaloop sequence families
Authors: Saon Md Sharear , Kirkpatrick Charles C , Znosko Brent M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One of the current methods for predicting RNA tertiary structure is fragment-based homology, which predicts tertiary structure from secondary structure. For a successful prediction, this method requires a library of the tertiary structures of small motifs clipped from previously solved RNA 3D structures. Because of the limited number of available tertiary structures, it is not practical to find structures for all sequences of all motifs. Identifying sequence families for motifs can fill the gaps because all sequences within a family are expected to have similar structural features. Currently, a collection of well-characterized sequence families has been identified for tetraloops. Because of their prevalence and biological functions, pentaloop structures should also be well-characterized. In this study, 10 pentaloop sequence families are identified. For each family, the common and distinguishing structural features are highlighted. These sequence families can be used to predict the tertiary structure of pentaloop sequences for which a solved structure is not available.
Genomic markers of recurrence risk in atypical meningioma following gross total resection
Authors: Vaubel Rachael A , Kumar Rahul , Weiskittel Taylor M , Jenkins Sarah , Dasari Surendra , Uhm Joon H , Lachance Daniel H , Brown Paul D , Van Gompel Jamie J , Jenkins Robert B , Kipp Benjamin R , Sukov William R , Giannini Caterina , Johnson Derek R , Raghunathan Aditya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMeningiomas are the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor in adults and CNS World Health Organization grade 2 (atypical) meningiomas show an intermediate risk of recurrence/progression. Molecular parameters are needed to better inform management following gross total resection (GTR).MethodsWe performed comprehensive genomic analysis of tumor tissue from 63 patients who underwent radiologically confirmed GTR of a primary grade 2 meningioma, including a CLIA-certified target next-generation sequencing panel (n = 61), chromosomal microarray (n = 63), genome-wide methylation profiling (n = 62), H3K27me3 immunohistochemistry (n = 62), and RNA-sequencing (n = 19). Genomic features were correlated with long-term clinical outcomes (median follow-up: 10 years) using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling and published molecular prognostic signatures were evaluated.ResultsThe presence of specific copy number variants (CNVs), including -1p, -10q, -7p, and -4p, was the strongest predictor of decreased recurrence-free survival (RFS) within our cohort (P &lt; .05). NF2 mutations were frequent (51%) but did not show a significant association with RFS. DNA methylation-based classification assigned tumors to DKFZ Heidelberg benign (52%) or intermediate (47%) meningioma subclasses and was not associated with RFS. H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) was unequivocally lost in 4 tumors, insufficient for RFS analysis. Application of published integrated histologic/molecular grading systems did not improve prediction of recurrence risk over the presence of -1p or -10q alone.ConclusionsCNVs are strong predictors of RFS in grade 2 meningiomas following GTR. Our study supports incorporation of CNV profiling into clinical evaluation to better guide postoperative patient management, which can be readily implemented using existing, clinically validated technologies.
Swedish Religion Education in Public Schools—Objective and Neutral or a Marination into Lutheran Protestantism?
Authors: Berglund Jenny 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article takes its point of departure in the recommendations by the Council of Europe, and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) that recommend that European states should offer education about religions for all school students, regardless of religious or non-religious background. Sweden is one of the countries that provides such education through a compulsory non-denominational religion education (RE) school subject. The compulsory nature of the school subject is possible as long as the teaching is both ‘objective and pluralistic’. In this article, the concept of objectivity but also neutrality is discussed, using the Swedish school subject as an example. The argument pursued is that RE in Sweden, although presented as objective and neutral, also can be understood as ‘marinated’ in Lutheran Protestantism. In the end, the protestant taste of the Swedish non-denominational and compulsory RE is used as a call for further awareness of how the religious history of a given country affects not only education but also the way people perceive the phenomena called religion. These are important perspectives not only for RE teachers who are demanded to teach in a neutral and objective manner, but perhaps also for lawyers?
Enrichment of Incompatible Elements in Alkaline Syenites in Large Igneous Provinces Due to Magma Replenishment and Reactive Porous Flow in a Mush Reservoir
Authors: Zhu Sheng-Zhu , Huang Xiao-Long , Yu Yang , Yang Fan , Wang Christina Yan , He Peng-Li , Cao Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the petrogenesis of alkaline syenites is important for constraining the mechanisms of rare earth element (REE) and rare-metal mineralization. Here we report a detailed petrological and geochemical study of early Permian syenitic rocks from the southwestern Tarim large igneous province (TLIP) in the Wajilitag area (China). We use these data to investigate the complex magmatic processes responsible for the enrichment of incompatible elements (e.g. REEs and rare metals) in these rocks. The Wajilitag syenitic rocks comprise early hornblende syenite (281 Ma) and later nepheline syenite (278 Ma), both of which are spatially and temporally associated with mafic intrusions (i.e. gabbro and diabase). These syenitic rocks show continuous variations in major elements with the mafic rocks. They also have similar Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions with the nearby mafic rocks, denoting that the Wajilitag syenitic rocks should be derived from the melts represented by these mafic rocks. However, these syenitic rocks, particularly the nepheline syenites, are typically characterized by extreme enrichment of incompatible elements, which is hard to be accounted by simple fractional crystallization of mafic magmas. Some clinopyroxene phenocrysts in the Wajilitag nepheline syenites show oscillatory zoning with strikingly increasing and then gradually decreasing MgO contents, which recorded replenishment of mafic magma at the interval. Low-MgO clinopyroxene mantles and/or rims have much higher incompatible element contents (e.g. Nb, Ce, and Zr) and ratios (e.g. Ce/Y) than their cores, which could reflect melt injection controlled by reactive porous flow in a mush reservoir of a crustal magma chamber. Such processes may also cause the high Ce and/or Nb contents of the mantles and/or rims of zoned titanite and apatite phenocrysts. The injection of reactive porous flow melts is the key process that produces the extreme enrichment of incompatible elements in the alkaline syenites from the western TLIP, as well as other plume-related alkaline syenites that host world-class REE and rare-metal deposits.
Histone H3K4 methyltransferase DcATX1 promotes ethylene induced petal senescence in carnation
Authors: Feng Shan , Jiang Xinyu , Wang Ruiming , Tan Hualiang , Zhong Linlin , Cheng Yunjiang , Bao Manzhu , Qiao Hong , Zhang Fan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Petal senescence is controlled by a complex regulatory network. Epigenetic regulation like histone modification influences chromatin state and gene expression. However, the involvement of histone methylation in regulating petal senescence remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the trimethylation of histone H3 at Lysine 4 (H3K4me3) is increased during ethylene-induced petal senescence in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). H3K4me3 levels were positively associated with the expression of transcription factor DcWRKY75, ethylene biosynthetic genes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (DcACS1), and ACC oxidase (DcACO1), and senescence associated genes (SAGs) DcSAG12 and DcSAG29. Further, we identified that carnation ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF TRITHORAX1 (DcATX1) encodes a histone lysine methyltransferase which can methylate H3K4. Knockdown of DcATX1 delayed ethylene-induced petal senescence in carnation, which was associated with the down-regulated expression of DcWRKY75, DcACO1, and DcSAG12, whereas overexpression of DcATX1 exhibited the opposite effects. DcATX1 promoted the transcription of DcWRKY75, DcACO1, and DcSAG12 by elevating the H3K4me3 levels within their promoters. Overall, our results demonstrate that DcATX1 is a H3K4 methyltransferase that promotes the expression of DcWRKY75, DcACO1, DcSAG12 and potentially other downstream target genes by regulating H3K4me3 levels, thereby accelerating ethylene-induced petal senescence in carnation. This study further indicates that epigenetic regulation is important for plant senescence processes.
The Fractured-Land Hypothesis
Authors: Fernández-Villaverde Jesús , Koyama Mark , Lin Youhong , Sng Tuan-Hwee 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPatterns of state formation have crucial implications for comparative economic development. Diamond (1997) famously argued that “fractured land” was responsible for China’s tendency toward political unification and Europe’s protracted polycentrism. We build a dynamic model with granular geographical information in terms of topographical features and the location of productive agricultural land to quantitatively gauge the effects of fractured land on state formation in Eurasia. We find that topography alone is sufficient but not necessary to explain polycentrism in Europe and unification in China. Differences in land productivity, in particular the existence of a core region of high land productivity in northern China, deliver the same result. We discuss how our results map into observed historical outcomes, assess how robust our findings are, and analyze the differences between theory and data in Africa and the Americas.
Filtrations on the representation ring of an affine algebraic group
Authors: Karpenko Nikita A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Let G be an affine algebraic group over a field. The representation ring $\mathrm{R}(G)$ has three standard filtrations, defining the same topology on $\mathrm{R}(G)$: augmentation, Chern and Chow, each of which contained in the next one. For split reductive G, motivated by potential applications related to spin groups, we introduce and study one more filtration, containing the previous ones, which we call induced because it is induced by any of the filtrations on the representation ring of a maximal split torus of G. In the case of semisimple simply connected G, this fourth filtration turns out to be equivalent (in the above topological sense) to the previous three. However, for the spin group $G=\operatorname{\mathrm{Spin}}(d)$ over the complex numbers with $d=7,8$, the new filtration is shown to be strictly larger than the others. It is also shown that for $G=\operatorname{\mathrm{Spin}}(d)$ over an arbitrary field and with any $d\geq7$, the Chern and Chow filtrations on $\mathrm{R}(G)$ are not the same, giving new counter-examples to an extension of Atiyah’s conjecture.
Testing the Production Approach to Markup Estimation
Authors: Raval Devesh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Under the production approach to markup estimation, any flexible input should recover the markup. I test this implication using manufacturing datasets from Chile, Colombia, India, Indonesia, the U.S., and Southern Europe, as well as store-level data from a major U.S. retailer, and overwhelmingly reject that markups estimated using labour and materials have the same distribution. For every dataset, markups estimated using labour are negatively correlated with markups estimated using materials, exhibit greater dispersion, and have opposite time trends. I continue to find stark differences in markups estimated using energy and non-energy raw materials. Non-neutral productivity differences across firms can explain these findings.
Fears and Tears: Should More People Be Moving within and from Developing Countries, and What Stops this Movement?
Authors: McKenzie David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Only one in seven of the world's population have ever migrated, despite the enormous gains in income possible through international and internal movement. I examine the evidence for different explanations given in the economics literature for this lack of movement and their implications for policy. Incorrect information about the gains to migrating, liquidity constraints that prevent poor people paying the costs of moving, and high costs of movement arising from both physical transportation costs and policy barriers all inhibit movement and offer scope for policy efforts to inform, provide credit, and lower moving costs. However, the economics literature has paid less attention to the fears people have when faced with the uncertainty of moving to a new place, and to the reasons behind the tears they shed when moving. While these tears reveal the attachment people have to particular places, this attachment is not fixed, but itself changes with migration experiences. Psychological factors such as a bias toward the status quo and the inability to picture what one is giving up by not migrating can result in people not moving, even when they would benefit from movement and are not constrained by finances or policy barriers from doing so. This suggests new avenues for policy interventions that can help individuals better visualize the opportunity costs of not moving, alleviate their uncertainties, and help shift their default behavior from not migrating.
Use of exogenous hormones in those at increased risk for breast cancer: contraceptive and menopausal hormones in gene carriers and other high-risk patients
Authors: Pederson Holly J. , Batur Pelin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Importance and Objective
Addressing the hormonal needs of individuals at increased risk of breast cancer (BC) can be a challenge. Observational, prospective, and case-control data support the safety of hormonal contraception in women, often with the added benefits of ovarian and endometrial cancer risk reduction. The majority of data on menopausal hormone therapy (HT) in the highest-risk patients comes from studies of patients with pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 who undergo early surgical menopause. The benefits of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy are not minimized by HT, whereas its use mitigates accelerated osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. In other patients at increased risk, such as with family history, studies have shown little risk with significant benefit.

Methods
We review evidence to help women's health practitioners aid patients in making choices. The paper is divided into four parts: 1, contraception in the very high-risk patient (ie, with a highly penetrant BC predisposition gene); 2, contraception in other patients at increased risk; 3, menopausal HT in the gene carrier; and 4, HT in other high-risk patients.

Discussion and Conclusion
Women at increased risk for BC both early and later in life should be offered reassurance around the use of premenopausal and postmenopausal hormone therapies. The absolute risks associated with these therapies are low, even in the very high-risk patient, and the benefits are often substantial. Shared decision making is key in presenting options, and knowledge of the data in this area is fundamental to these discussions.
The History of the Linear No-Threshold Model and Recommendations for a Path Forward
Authors: Cardarelli John , Hamrick Barbara , Sowers Dan , Burk Brett 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The intent of this paper and the accompanying video series is to inform the scientific community about the historical foundations that underpin the linear no-threshold (LNT) model’s use for cancer risk assessment. There is a clear distinction here: this effort is about the history of how LNT came to be the regulatory paradigm and model for cancer risk assessment that it is today and not a discussion of the pros and cons of the LNT model. The overarching goal of this effort is to reframe the conversation around low-dose response models in light of this history and to determine how this history influences the scientific understanding of low-dose radiation responses. The timing of this series is intentional, as the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has embarked on a mission to review the entire system of radiation protection. This effort necessarily requires rigorous scientific debate that must be based in fact. The history of the LNT model is paramount to this discussion, and it warrants consideration. Unfortunately, rather than engendering respectful debate, the topic of cancer risks associated with low dose radiation exposures has forged two disparate and sometimes contentious camps: (1) low doses, no matter how low, present some form of health risk and (2) an alternative model better represents the actual risks. The video series, conceived by John Cardarelli II, current President of the Health Physics Society (HPS), features Edward Calabrese, professor of toxicology in the School of Public Health and Health Sciences at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, being interviewed by HPS Past-President Barbara Hamrick, CHP, JD, with support from Daniel Sowers, the Chair of the HPS Public Information Committee, and HPS Executive Director Brett Burk. Emily Caffrey, the Chief Editor of our Ask-the-Experts website (https://hps.org/publicinformation/ate/), was invited to watch the completed series as an independent peer reviewer. Further, an email address, factcheck@hps.org, was created to allow for peer-review by the scientific community to facilitate ongoing discussion and allow for corrections to the record as necessary. It is the sincere hope of this team that this work inspires new discussions about the system of radiological protection. We encourage everyone in this field to watch all 22 episodes to be informed about the underpinnings of current regulatory policy in the US.
Effect of Head Position and Magnetic Resonance Sequence on Cochlear Implant–Related Artifact Size and Internal Auditory Canal Visibility
Authors: Kalmanson Olivia A. , Talmage Garrick D. , Honce Justin M. , Gubbels Samuel P. 
Published: January 2023

Hypothesis
To assess whether cochlear implant (CI)–related magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifact and visibility of the internal auditory canal (IAC) can be improved with head positioning and select MRI sequences.

Background
CI-related MRI artifact limits the use of CIs in otherwise good candidates because of the need for serial MRIs for monitoring of pathology. This most notably impacts patients with tumors of the cerebellopontine angle and IAC.

Methods
Two cadaver heads were implanted with either a Med-El CONCERT (fixed magnet) or SYNCHRONY (rotating magnet) device. Each head was imaged in a 1.5T scanner in 11 different positions. The SYNCHRONY-implanted head was also imaged in a 3.0T scanner in seven positions. Artifact size and IAC visibility (graded on a Likert scale) were measured for each head position by a neuroradiologist.

Results
The CONCERT CI produced significantly smaller artifact than the SYNCHRONY CI (effect size, 14.65 mm; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between CI models in regard to IAC visibility. No head positions were statistically significantly better than neutral position for minimizing artifact size or IAC visibility, although some positions resulted in significantly larger artifact (effect sizes, 2.1–14.3 mm; p < 0.05) or significantly poorer IAC visibility (effect size, 1.4; p < 0.01). The T2 three-dimensional (CISS/FIESTA) sequence demonstrated significantly smaller artifact than T1 sequences, whereas T1 sequences demonstrated significantly better IAC visibility than T2 sequences.

Conclusion
Head positioning and magnetic resonance sequence selection impact CI-related artifact size and IAC visibility.