bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain health registry updates: An online longitudinal neuroscience platform
Authors: Weiner Michael W. , Aaronson Anna , Eichenbaum Joseph , Kwang Winnie , Ashford Miriam T. , Gummadi Shilpa , Santhakumar Jessica , Camacho Monica R. , Flenniken Derek , Fockler Juliet , Truran‐Sacrey Diana , Ulbricht Aaron , Mackin R. Scott , Nosheny Rachel L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionRemote, internet‐based methods for recruitment, screening, and longitudinally assessing older adults have the potential to facilitate Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials and observational studies.MethodsThe Brain Health Registry (BHR) is an online registry that includes longitudinal assessments including self‐ and study partner‐report questionnaires and neuropsychological tests. New initiatives aim to increase inclusion and engagement of commonly underincluded communities using digital, community‐engaged research strategies. New features include multilingual support and biofluid collection capabilities.ResultsBHR includes > 100,000 participants. BHR has made over 259,000 referrals resulting in 25,997 participants enrolled in 30 aging and AD studies. In addition, 28,278 participants are coenrolled in BHR and other studies with data linkage among studies. Data have been shared with 28 investigators. Recent efforts have facilitated the enrollment and engagement of underincluded ethnocultural communities.DiscussionThe major advantages of the BHR approach are scalability and accessibility. Challenges include compliance, retention, cohort diversity, and generalizability.Highlights
Brain Health Registry (BHR) is an online, longitudinal platform of > 100,000 members.
BHR made > 259,000 referrals, which enrolled 25,997 participants in 32 studies.
New efforts increased enrollment and engagement of underincluded communities in BHR.
The major advantages of the BHR approach are scalability and accessibility.
BHR provides a unique adjunct for clinical neuroscience research.
Proximity‐Encirclement of Multiple Exceptional Points in Non‐Hermitian Photonic Waveguides
Authors: Shi Ming‐Xuan , Su Xue‐Mei , Guo Miao‐Di 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConventionally, dynamical encirclement of exceptional points in non‐Hermitian systems is known to manifest a counterintuitive chiral state conversion. However, the prerequisite of such traits enclosing an exceptional point is broken when only encircling its proximity, preserving a still chiral switching. Research on the proximity‐encirclement in multistate systems is lacking. In this paper, a photonic‐waveguide‐array non‐Hermitian system is proposed to investigate the dynamics by encircling two exceptional points or their proximity. A series of encircling trajectories defined by the parametric equations are designed to steer the evolution of photonic modes in waveguides. The wave propagating along the waveguides is also simulated to capture this non‐Hermitian physics. The chiral behavior in proximity‐encirclement contrasts with the familiar encirclement of one exceptional point and exhibits the unexpected occurrence of nonadiabatic transitions. Furthermore, if two exceptional points are sufficiently encircled, the system will evolve to a stable final state earlier, as a symbol of the occurrence of the nonadiabatic transition. Such novel chiral conversion is maintained only if the encircling trajectories are located at adequate proximity.
Simultaneous Preparation of Two Optical Cat States Based on a Nondegenerate Optical Parametric Amplifier
Authors: Han Dongmei , Wang Na , Wang Meihong , Su Xiaolong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe cat state, known as the superposition of coherent states, has broad applications in quantum computation and quantum metrology. Increasing the number of optical cat states is crucial to implement complex quantum information tasks based on them. Here, two optical cat states are prepared simultaneously based on a nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier. By subtracting one photon from each of two squeezed vacuum states, two odd cat states with orthogonal superposition direction in phase space are prepared simultaneously, which have similar fidelity of 60% and amplitude of 1.2. Compared with the traditional method to generate two odd optical cat states based on two degenerate optical parametric amplifiers, only one nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier is applied in this experiment, which saves half of the quantum resources of nonlinear cavities. The presented results make a step toward preparing the four‐component cat state, which has potential applications in fault‐tolerant quantum computation.
An Ultra‐Broadband Chirality Selective Metastructure Absorber using High Impedance Surface
Authors: Zhang Wei , Qiao Zhen , Zhang Hai‐feng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an ultra‐wideband chirality selective metastructure absorber is proposed that enables differential absorption and reflection of circularly polarized waves in the terahertz (THz) range. The structure achieves circular dichroism (CD) by using asymmetrically split metal rings as fundamental meta‐atoms. Most critically, the high impedance surface and air‐resonant cavities are inserted separately in the meta‐atoms and dielectric substrate to enhance CD and broaden the bandwidth of absorption. The metastructure absorber can achieve more than 90% absorption of right circularly polarized waves at 0.675–1.244 THz, and it can maintain more than 90% reflection of left circularly polarized waves at 0.607–1.229 THz without changing the direction of rotation. Besides, its CD can reach more than 80% at 0.687–1.213 THz with a relative bandwidth of 55.3%. Spin‐selective absorption, which is closely related to breaking chiral symmetry, is investigated through power loss distribution, wide‐angle incidence, and scan parameter optimization. The proposed strategy is further validated in the THz band, and the polarization selection and manipulation techniques can be applied to chiral sensing/radio‐thermometry, circular polarization detectors/lasers, and molecular spectroscopy.
Chemoselective Caging of Carboxyl Groups for On‐Demand Protein Activation with Small Molecules
Authors: Petri Yana D. , Gutierrez Clair S. , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTools for on‐demand protein activation enable impactful gain‐of‐function studies in biological settings. Thus far, however, proteins have been chemically caged at primarily Lys, Tyr, and Sec, typically through the genetic encoding of unnatural amino acids. Herein, we report that the preferential reactivity of diazo compounds with protonated acids can be used to expand this toolbox to solvent‐accessible carboxyl groups with an elevated pKa value. As a model protein, we employed lysozyme (Lyz), which has an active‐site Glu35 residue with a pKa value of 6.2. A diazo compound with a bioorthogonal self‐immolative handle esterified Glu35 selectively, inactivating Lyz. The hydrolytic activity of the caged Lyz on bacterial cell walls was restored with two small‐molecule triggers. The decaging was more efficient by small molecules than by esterases. This simple chemical strategy was also applied to a hemeprotein and an aspartyl protease, setting the stage for broad applicability.
Ambient Preparation of Benzoxazine‐based Phenolic Resins Enables Long‐term Sustainable Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wang Xinyao , Yang Xiaowei , Zhao Chen , Pi Yutong , Li Xiaobo , Jia Zhongfan , Zhou Si , Zhao Jijun , Wu Limin , Liu Jian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRational design of polymer structures at the molecular level promotes the iteration of high‐performance photocatalyst for sustainable photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production from oxygen and water, which also lays the basis for revealing the reaction mechanism. Here we report a benzoxazine‐based m‐aminophenol‐formaldehyde resin (APFac) polymerized at ambient conditions, exhibiting superior H2O2 yield and long‐term stability to most polymeric photocatalysts. Benzoxazine structure was identified as the crucial photocatalytic active segment in APFac. Favorable adsorption of oxygen/intermediates on benzoxazine structure and commendable product selectivity accelerated the reaction kinetically in stepwise single‐electron oxygen reduction reaction. The proposed benzoxazine‐based phenolic resin provides the possibility of production in batches and industrial application, and sheds light on the de novo design and analysis of metal‐free polymeric photocatalysts.
A carboxylate terpolymer as a scale inhibitor for geothermal hard water in recirculating systems
Authors: Chen Youyuan , Li Jiaxing , Qiao Shixuan , Li Yangpei , Zheng Tianyuan , Peng Tao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe inhibition efficiency of polycarboxylic acid will decrease due to the weak acidity of carboxyl group in high Ca2+ geothermal circulating water. To solve this problem, we synthesized a novel carboxyl terpolymer (MA‐AEO‐7/SMAS/MA) with adipate polyoxyethylene ether maleate monoester (MA‐AEO‐7), sodium methacrylate sulfonate (SMAS) and maleic acid (MA). Its inhibition efficiency and mechanism were investigated at high Ca2+. The results indicated that the inhibition efficiency of MA‐AEO‐7/SMAS/MA was 96.84% for CaCO3 at the monomeric ratio of 0.5:1:1 and a dosage of 12 mg L−1. The X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope results of CaCO3 scale showed that the presence of MA‐AEO‐7/SMAS/MA converted CaCO3 calcite to vaterite with smaller particle size. The molecular dynamics and density functional theory calculations indicated that the increased solubility of MA‐AEO‐7/SMAS/MA and the carboxylic acidity in MA‐AEO‐7/SMAS/MA enhanced the Ca2+ chelating properties. The electrostatic repulsion between the sulfonic acid groups made MA‐AEO‐7/SMAS/MA exhibit good dispersion properties. These findings explained why the inhibition efficiency of MA‐AEO‐7/SMAS/MA remained above 80% at Ca2+ concentration of 1500 mg L−1, exceeding the 30%–50% of the three commercial scale inhibitors. This study provides practical insight for the development of scale inhibitors suitable for high Ca2+ geothermal circulating water.
Processing‐structure–property relationships in the fabrication of extrusion electroactive poly(vinylidenefluoride) filaments
Authors: Saleh Aya A. , Melenka Garrett W. , Leung Siu Ning 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPoly(vinylidenefluoride) with enhanced electroactive properties is of great interest in energy harvesting and sensing applications. This study aims to elucidate the effects of processing parameters in extrusion, using a desktop extruder or a microcompounder, on the polymorphism of the fabricated poly(vinylidenefluoride) filaments. All samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and electromechanical testing. Statistical analyses were conducted to correlate the processing parameters with the poly(vinylidenefluoride) filaments' crystal structures. Experimental results revealed that the optimal extrusion temperature at 220°C and stretching ratio of 4.5 to 6.5 would yield poly(vinylidenefluoride) filaments with a degree of crystallinity of up to 58% of which 80% is β‐phase crystals. The finding of this manuscript has the potential to promote the use of poly(vinylidenefluoride) filaments in the fused filament fabrication.
Intercalation of Well‐Dispersed Fe2O3 with SnO2 toward Durable Peroxymonosulfate Activation to Eliminate Antibiotics: Performance and Mechanism
Authors: Wang Weihong , Song Fanyue , Du Chunfang , Su Yiguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSustainable Fe2O3/SnO2 with fine interfacial feature derived from FeSnO(OH)5 was prepared and employed for elimination contaminants. The synergistic effect between Fe2O3 and SnO2 endowed a remarkable degradation performance for tetracycline degradation. Well dispersed SnO2 can function as fine protective layer to enhance the anchoring of iron ions. In addition, SnO2 with excellent conductivity can accelerate electron transfer on the surface of Fe2O3, further activation PMS. Approximately 89.3% of tetracycline (TC) was removed in Fe2O3/SnO2/PMS system, which was higher than alone Fe2O3/PMS (73.2%) and SnO2/PMS (39.7%) systems. The operating parameters were evaluated and studied. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching tests manifested that 1O2 was primary active specie, and ⋅OH, ⋅SO4− and ⋅O2− were participated in the degradation process. Besides, degradation pathways were proposed by identifying the intermediate products. This work is expected to offer a potential design for construction eco‐friendly heterogeneous catalyst toward wastewater treatment.
Reconnoitring the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different fruits after tannin acyl hydrolase mediated biotransformation
Authors:   Rippin, Sharma Anil K. , Beniwal Vikas 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTCondensed and hydrolyzable tannins are secondary metabolites present in almost every plant part. Tannase enzyme acts on hydrolyzable tannins to produce gallic acid and tannase‐mediated end‐products with immense therapeutic potential. Seven different fruits with significant presence of hydrolyzable tannin content were selected to check for phenol, tannin, and hydrolyzable tannin contents. Prunus domestica had the maximum phenol content, that is, 85.4 ± 0.207, followed by Syzygium cumini, Fragaria ananassa, Rubus fruticosus, and Psidium guajava. Plum showed the maximum number of hydrolyzable tannins. Fruit extracts were subjected to tannase hydrolysis and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities were determined. There was a significant increase in the antioxidant abilities of the fruits with Punica granatum extract, displaying the highest decline of 132 units of IC50 followed by F. ananassa hydrolyzable extract, showing a decrease from 224.75 to 119.98 μg/mL. The extracts also depicted a significant increase in antibacterial activity after hydrolysis against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus with Rubus idaeus aqueous extract observed to be most effective against E. coli. The increase in antioxidant and antibacterial activity can be attributed to the production of tannase‐mediated products formed after the biotransformation of hydrolyzable tannins present in the aqueous extracts.
Ressourceneinsparung im Bauwesen: Die Rolle der Revitalisierung aus Sicht der Planer
Authors: Glückert Bernd 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDie Verlängerung der Lebensdauer von Bestandsgebäuden ist eine wichtige Maßnahme, um die CO2‐Emissionen des Bauwesens zu reduzieren. Die mit dem Umbau eines Bestandsgebäudes bzw. von Teilen davon verbundenen planerischen Herausforderungen werden aber oft unterschätzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über die Besonderheiten und Schwierigkeiten des Bauens im Bestand aus Sicht der Tragwerksplanung. Neben für Planung, Vertrags‐ und Honorargestaltung relevanten Punkten werden auch rechtliche Aspekte benannt, die noch einer Klärung bedürfen.
How mitochondria showcase evolutionary mechanisms and the importance of oxygen
Authors: Speijer Dave 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDarwinian evolution can be simply stated: natural selection of inherited variations increasing differential reproduction. However, formulated thus, links with biochemistry, cell biology, ecology, and population dynamics remain unclear. To understand interactive contributions of chance and selection, higher levels of biological organization (e.g., endosymbiosis), complexities of competing selection forces, and emerging biological novelties (such as eukaryotes or meiotic sex), we must analyze actual examples. Focusing on mitochondria, I will illuminate how biology makes sense of life's evolution, and the concepts involved. First, looking at the bacterium – mitochondrion transition: merging with an archaeon, it lost its independence, but played a decisive role in eukaryogenesis, as an extremely efficient aerobic ATP generator and internal ROS source. Second, surveying later mitochondrion adaptations and diversifications illustrates concepts such as constructive neutral evolution, dynamic interactions between endosymbionts and hosts, the contingency of life histories, and metabolic reprogramming. Without oxygen, mitochondria disappear; with (intermittent) oxygen diversification occurs in highly complex ways, especially upon (temporary) phototrophic substrate supply. These expositions show the Darwinian model to be a highly fruitful paradigm.
Microbioreactors for nutrient‐controlled microbial cultures: Bridging the gap between bioprocess development and industrial use
Authors: Totlani Kartik , van Tatenhove‐Pel Rinke J. , Kreutzer Michiel T. , van Gulik Walter M. , van Steijn Volkert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is common practice in the development of bioprocesses to genetically modify a microorganism and study a large number of resulting mutants in order to select the ones that perform best for use at the industrial scale. At industrial scale, strict nutrient‐controlled growth conditions are imposed to control the metabolic activity and growth rate of the microorganism, thereby enhancing the expression of the product of interest. Although it is known that microorganisms that perform best under these strictly controlled conditions are not the same as the ones that perform best under uncontrolled batch conditions, screening, and selection is predominantly performed under batch conditions. Tools that afford high throughput on the one hand and dynamic control over cultivation conditions on the other hand are not yet available. Microbioreactors offer the potential to address this problem, resolving the gap between bioprocess development and industrial scale use. In this review, we highlight the current state‐of‐the‐art of microbioreactors that offer the potential to screen microorganisms under dynamically controlled conditions. We classify them into: (i) microtiter plate‐based platforms, (ii) microfluidic chamber‐based platforms, and (iii) microfluidic droplet‐based platforms. We conclude this review by discussing the opportunities of nutrient‐fed microbioreactors in the field of biotechnology.
Examiners' perceptions of forensic mental health assessments conducted via videoconferencing
Authors: Skala Josie , Chavez Jacob X. , Anderson Katelin , Gulrajani Chinmoy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic led to an acceleration in the adoption of videoconferencing (VC) for conducting forensic mental health evaluations (forensic mental health assessments [FMHA]). Two years into the COVID‐19 pandemic, we administered a survey to 71 Minnesota‐licensed forensic evaluators. Approximately two‐thirds (65.7%) had started using VC for FMHA only after the pandemic, though a combined 84.5% reported performing FMHA via VC frequently at present. A striking 43.7% of respondents preferred VC for FMHA over in‐person evaluation, and another 22.5% expressed no preference between modalities. Further, nearly 70% of respondents denied there were any populations for which they would never use VC to complete an FMHA. We conclude that the widespread adoption of VC for FMHA with the advent of the COVID‐19 pandemic has induced a lasting change in the practice of FMHA. We postulate that with further advancements in technology and the development of testing instruments that can be administered online, the use of VC for FMHA will become standard practice.
The screening of compounds regulating PD‐L1 transcriptional activity in a cell functional high‐throughput manner
Authors: Zhang Lanxin , Li Hexin , Liu Jingchao , Sun Gaoyuan , Tang Xiaokun , Xu Siyuan , Zhang Lili , Zhang Wei , Ai Bin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoints are protein molecules expressed on the immune cell membrane, which regulate the immune system to kill tumor cells. As an essential immune checkpoint, overexpressed PD‐1 on tumor cells could inhibit T‐cell activation after being bonded to PD‐1. Due to this inhibitory effect, T‐cell proliferation and cytokine secretion are suppressed, leading to immune escape of tumor cells. Here, we established a high‐throughput method based on cell function screening technology to screen drugs regulating PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells at the transcriptional level. After two screening rounds, 12 compounds that enhanced PD‐L1 transcription while seven weakened were sorted out among 1018 FDA‐approved drugs. Finally, a tumor cell line was used to verify the upregulation of endogenous PD‐L1 expression for a drug named “vorinostat,” a histone deacetylation inhibitor, after the two rounds of optional selection. Therefore, our research provides another perspective for using “vorinostat” in treating tumors and offers a convenient method to detect the transcriptional expression of other intracellular proteins besides PD‐L1.
Utilising alternative cystoscopic schedules to minimise cost and patient burden after trimodality therapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Krishnatry Rahul , Maitre Priyamvada , Kumar Anuj , Telkhade Tejshri , Bakshi Ganesh , Prakash Gagan , Pal Mahendra , Joshi Amit , Menon Santosh , Murthy Vedang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo assess urinary symptoms and urine cytology as screening tools for cystoscopic detection of local recurrence after bladder‐preserving trimodality treatment (TMT).MethodsPatients with muscle‐invasive bladder cancer receiving definitive TMT follow‐up three monthly for 2 years, six monthly for the next 3 years and then yearly, with a clinical review, urine cytology and cystoscopy at each visit (triple assessment, TA). Grade 2+ cystitis/haematuria absent/present was scored 0/1, and urine cytology reported negative/suspicious or positive was scored 0/1, respectively. The performance of these two parameters for predicting local recurrence in cystoscopic biopsy was tested. Other hypothetical surveillance schedules included cystoscopy on alternate visits (COAV), or suspected recurrence (COSR), six‐monthly COSR and six‐monthly TA.ResultsA total of 630 follow‐up visits in 112 patients with 19 recurrences (7 muscle invasive, 12 non‐muscle invasive) at a median follow‐up of 19 months were analysed. The sensitivity and specificity of clinical symptoms were 47.4% and 92%, and for urine cytology 58% and 85%, respectively. The combination of clinical symptoms and cytology (COSR) was 95% sensitive and 78% specific for local recurrence but 100% sensitive for muscle‐invasive recurrence. Both COAV and COSV schedules showed a high area under the curve (AUC) for detecting local recurrence (COAV = 0.84, COSR = 0.83), muscle‐invasive recurrence (AUC = 0.848 each) and non‐muscle‐invasive recurrence (COAV = 0.82, COSR = 0.81); reducing the need for TAs by 64% and 67% respectively, and overall cost by 18% and 33%, respectively.ConclusionCystoscopy at suspected recurrence during follow‐up is safe and the most cost‐effective for detecting muscle‐invasive local recurrences, while cystoscopy at alternate visits may be more optimal for detecting any local recurrence.