bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Handlungsempfehlungen zur Risikominimierung beim Einsatz von Januskinase‐Inhibitoren zur Therapie chronisch‐entzündlicher Hauterkrankungen
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Kegel Thomas , Große Regina , Eichner Adina 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Ausschuss für Risikobewertung (PRAC) der Europäischen Arzneimittelagentur (EMA) hat gemäß Artikel 20 der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 726/2004 die Sicherheit für Januskinase‐Inhibitoren für die Behandlung von Entzündungserkrankungen neu bewertet und von den bisherigen Hinweisen in den jeweiligen Fachinformationen der betreffenden Präparate abweichende Sicherheitsangaben formuliert. Diese beziehen sich arzneistoff‐ und indikationsübergreifend auf die Beachtung eines möglicherweise erhöhten Risikos für venöse thromboembolische oder schwere kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse, eine erhöhte Infektionsrate sowie eine Erhöhung der Prävalenz von Hautkrebs. Deshalb wird empfohlen, bei Patienten mit unabhängigen Risikofaktoren (Alter ab 65 Jahre, Raucher oder ehemalige Raucher, Patientinnen mit oraler Kontrazeption beziehungsweise Hormonersatztherapie sowie anderen Risikofaktoren) Januskinase‐Inhibitoren nur dann therapeutisch einzusetzen, wenn es keine geeigneten Behandlungsalternativen gibt. Um im klinischen Alltag eine pragmatische und sorgfältige Erfassung von Risikopatienten zu ermöglichen, wurde interdisziplinär eine Checkliste erarbeitet, die aus der Perspektive des Dermatologen als Arbeitsmittel geeignet ist.
Generalized displacement control technique for mode I/II fracture problems using cohesive zone model within a modified element‐free Galerkin framework
Authors: Kumar S. Sai , Muthu N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA modified element‐free Galerkin (EFG) method that combines the Heaviside enrichment and diffraction method is used to study crack propagation problems by employing a cohesive zone model (CZM) with an exponential traction separation law (TSL). The generalized displacement control method (GDCM) is adopted to solve the nonlinearity arising during the damage evolution. The proposed methodology is applied to (1) uncracked three‐point bending (TPB) and (2) adhesively bonded: (a) cracked double cantilever beam (DCB), and (b) end‐notched flexure (ENF) problems. In the passing, a simple 1D study is considered to demonstrate the advantage of level‐set enrichment coupled with CZM. Several parametric studies have been carried out on the EFG method and GDCM (reference and incremental load parameter). The results obtained by the proposed methodology agree well with the experimental/reference results. Specific advantages of GDCM on computational time, number of iterations, and ability to capture snapback vis‐à‐vis the popular Newton–Raphson technique are presented.
Elevational microbial β diversity and community assembly processes in subarctic ponds
Authors: Teittinen Anette , Wang Jianjun , Soininen Janne 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Knowledge about elevational β diversity patterns and processes is limited for microorganisms, especially in sensitive aquatic ecosystems at high latitudes. Our aim is to investigate elevational β diversity patterns and underlying assembly processes for three biofilm microbial groups in subarctic freshwater ponds.

We sampled 89 ponds covering an elevational gradient from 10 to 1038 m above sea level in subarctic Finland and Norway. The microbial groups studied included benthic diatoms, cyanobacteria, and bacteria (i.e., bacteria other than cyanobacteria). We expected to find elevational distance decay in community similarity, driven primarily by variation in the local environment. We further tested whether the level of β diversity decreased towards higher elevations, and whether the relative influence of deterministic and stochastic processes on community assembly changed along the elevational gradient, with increasing effect of deterministic processes at higher elevations under more extreme environmental conditions. As statistical methods, we used generalised dissimilarity modelling, Mantel tests, and a null model with Raup–Crick dissimilarities.

For all microbial groups, community dissimilarities increased with increasing environmental or elevational distances. The pure effects of environment were significant for all groups, and pH was the most important variable affecting community dissimilarities. Mean community dissimilarities generally decreased with elevation for all microbial groups. The communities were influenced by both deterministic and stochastic processes, the former of which was stronger towards higher elevations. The influence of deterministic processes was strongest for bacteria. Generally, the communities under deterministic control were more similar to each other than expected by chance.

Elevational β diversity patterns of subarctic pond microorganisms primarily reflected environmental effects, showing decreasing β diversity towards high elevations owing to stronger environmental filtering. The relative effects of deterministic or stochastic assembly processes varied among microbial groups, highlighting the need for including multiple groups when studying biodiversity patterns and underlying ecological processes.
Risk of extinction increases towards higher elevations across the world's amphibians
Authors: Guirguis Jacinta , Goodyear Luke E. B. , Finn Catherine , Johnson Jack V. , Pincheira‐Donoso Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimLife in mountains is associated with multiple features that increase the risk of demographic collapses in populations – small geographic ranges, short breeding seasons, specialization to harsh climates – leading to the hypothesis that extinction risk is exacerbated in species inhabiting higher elevations. Here, we implement the first test of this hypothesis across the amphibian tree of life – the tetrapods with the largest proportion of montane species, and nature's most threatened animals.LocationGlobal.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa StudiedClass Amphibia.MethodsWe collated a dataset spanning 8042 species from across all three amphibian orders (Anura, Caudata and Gymnophiona). We preformed phylogenetic logistic regressions to test the predictions that extinction risk increases with elevation, and whether this effect is caused by factors previously hypothesised to drive high‐elevation declines, including restrictions on species' geographic ranges, variation in their life histories and the presence of infectious disease.ResultsGlobally, extinction risk increases towards higher elevations. At order‐level, this relationship holds for frogs and salamanders. Even when controlling for geographic range size, life histories and infectious disease, extinction risk increases with elevation for amphibians combined and frogs globally, and in the Americas. In contrast, whereas extinction risk is greater among high‐elevation Eurasian amphibians, this relationship is explained by larger body sizes and lower fecundity.Main ConclusionsOur analyses indicate that after considering factors previously thought to explain the increase in extinction risk towards higher elevations (e.g., geographic range size, disease), elevation remains a significant predictor of amphibian extinction risk. Given that the only available tests of this hypothesis in other tetrapods (birds and reptiles) conflict with our findings, we suggest that physiological or life‐history features of amphibians may explain this observed phenomenon.
Performance on the iSTEP and 10 m‐ISWT in boys with haemophilia
Authors: Bladen Melanie , Alderson Lucy , Thorpe Nicola , Cortina‐Borja Mario , Main Eleanor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionBoys with haemophilia (BwH) have improved health outcomes. Measures of physical function in haemophilia are not challenging or sensitive enough to reflect physical limitations or guide rehabilitation. To identify meaningful tests, we aimed to: evaluate the performance of BwH on two physical performance measures: iSTEP and 10 m‐ISWT; identify factors which predict performance and compare BwH to their unaffected peers.MethodsBwH completed both iSTEP and 10 m‐ISWT. Disease severity, age, BMI, HJHS, lower limb muscle torque, time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary time, were included as factors to predict performance. Results were compared to unaffected peers.Results43 boys median age 10 (10 mild/moderate, 26 severe, 7 inhibitors) were recruited. BwH were less likely to complete the iSTEP and performed less well on the 10 m‐ISWT than age matched peers. Ceiling effects were apparent for iSTEP, but not the 10 m‐ISWT test. Age was the only significant predictor for performance in the iSTEP, with older boys being more likely to achieve a higher level or complete the test. Greater age, lower BMI, milder disease severity and more time spent in MVPA all predicted better performance on the 10 m‐ISWT, with BMI and habitual physical activity a potential rehabilitation focus for underperforming individuals. HJHS and muscle strength did not predict performance on either test.ConclusionDespite the space need to conduct the 10 m‐ISWT, it appears to be a superior performance measure than the iSTEP in BwH and provides clinically meaningful information, which can be interpreted using age‐specific normative reference equations.
Co‐product from debittering process of trub (brewing by‐product) as natural antioxidant in processed cheese
Authors: Saraiva Bianka Rocha , Cegudo Ana Carolina Marques , Gibin Mariana Sversut , Da Silva Jéssica Bassi , Sato Francielle , Bruschi Marcos Luciano , Matumoto‐Pintro Paula Toshimi 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAqueous extract rich in phenolic compounds and carbohydrates obtained as a co‐product during the trub‐debittering process can be used as a new sustainable ingredient to improve food quality properties. This water‐soluble extract (WE) was used for evaluating its own antioxidant capacity when added to processed cheese at up to 1.00% (w/w); and were also evaluated for total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, FTIR spectroscopy, lipid oxidation, oxidative stability, texture and rheological properties. WE addition increased the antioxidant activity of processed cheese by up to 88.40% and 81.90% for DPPH and ABTS, reduced the product lipid oxidation by up to 54.31% and showed greater oxidative stability (Rancimat) compared to the Control. Samples melting property was not changed, and samples with WE showed a more stable structure after melting. Use of WE showed that it can be used as natural antioxidant in processed cheese, improving its quality and texture properties.
Ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction of orange peel pectin and its characterisation
Authors: Bosch Ryan , Malgas Samkelo 
Published: August 2023

SummaryCitrus processing waste (CPW) accumulates in vast amounts worldwide during fruit processing and its disposal through landfilling is environmentally damaging. However, CPW is also a renewable source of economically and medically relevant compounds such as pectin. There is a need for new methods of extracting pectin from CPW, as conventional methods are unsustainable. Therefore, this study proposed a new environmentally friendly method, which combines ultrasound cavitation with cellulase preparation, Celluclast) into one extraction procedure (UAE), and compared it to conventional acid extraction. The yield and productivity of each method were measured and the extracts were analysed for composition and structural characteristics. UAE and acid extraction pectin yields (26.9 vs. 22.1%) and productivity (0.10 vs. 0.09%/min) values were comparable. The extracts consisted mainly of galacturonic acid and galactose residues, but the ratio was different for each method; 1: 0.34 and 0.84: 1 for acid and UAE‐extracted pectin, respectively. FTIR was used to estimate the degree of esterification of the pectin extracts; 8% and 55% for acid and UAE‐extracted pectin, respectively. TGA revealed a higher ash content in UAE pectin, while XRD revealed similar degrees of polymer crystallinity. Viscosimetry revealed that the acid pectin had a higher molecular weight (70.22 kDa) compared to UAE pectin (197.78 kDa). In conclusion, the UAE procedure is a viable alternative to acid extraction.
Suitability of corn flour in steamed bread matrices of corn‐wheat composite flour: a thermal, rheological and nutritional approach
Authors: Chen Peixia , Hong Jing , Liu Chong , Zheng Xueling , Tian Xiaohui , Shang Jiaying , Omer Saeed Hamid Saeed 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThis study investigated the thermal, rheological, morphological, and nutritional properties of corn‐wheat composite steamed bread (CWCSB) with different heat treatment methods (steaming, high temperature and high pressure, extrusion) and fermentation methods (yeast and sourdough). The results indicated that sourdough fermentation (SF) improved the textural properties and protein digestibility of CWCSB compared to yeast fermentation (YF). All heat treatments enhanced the elastic behaviour of the dough, with the extrusion method showing a higher G′ value. Both extrusion and steaming treatments resulted in reduced hardness, viscosity, and chewiness of the CWCSB. Due to the flash evaporation effect, a denser dough structure was formed by extrusion, thus reducing enzyme accessibility and resulting in an increased content of slowly digestible starch from 5.09% to 11.21%. In conclusion, extrusion combined with SF could be used as a potential method to improve the suitability of corn flour in steamed bread of corn‐wheat composite flour.
Validating genomic prediction for nitrogen efficiency index and its composition traits of Holstein cows in early lactation
Authors: Chen Y. , Atashi H. , Mota R. R. , Grelet C. , Vanderick S. , Hu H. ,   GplusE Consortium, Gengler N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is an economically important trait for dairy cows. Recently, we proposed a new N efficiency index (NEI), that simultaneously considers both NUE and N pollution. This study aimed to validate the genomic prediction for NEI and its composition traits and investigate the relationship between SNP effects estimated directly from NEI and indirectly from its composition traits. The NEI composition included genomic estimated breeding value of N intake (NINT), milk true protein N (MTPN) and milk urea N yield. The edited data were 132,899 records on 52,064 cows distributed in 773 herds. The pedigree contained 122,368 animals. Genotypic data of 566,294 SNP was available for 4514 individuals. A total of 4413 cows (including 181 genotyped) and 56 bulls (including 32 genotyped) were selected as the validation populations. The linear regression method was used to validate the genomic prediction of NEI and its composition traits using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and single‐step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). The mean theoretical accuracies of validation populations obtained from ssGBLUP were higher than those obtained from BLUP for both NEI and its composition traits, ranging from 0.57 (MTPN) to 0.72 (NINT). The highest mean prediction accuracies for NEI and its composition traits were observed for the genotyped cows estimated under ssGBLUP, ranging from 0.48 (MTPN) to 0.66 (NINT). Furthermore, the SNP effects estimated from NEI composition traits, multiplied by the relative weight were the same as those estimated directly from NEI. This study preliminary showed that genomic prediction can be used for NEI, however, we acknowledge the need for further validation of this result in a larger dataset. Moreover, the SNP effects of NEI can be indirectly calculated using the SNP effects estimated from its composition traits. This study provided a basis for adding genomic information to establish NEI as part of future routine genomic evaluation programs.
Socioeconomic status and risk for child psychopathology: exploring gene–environment interaction in the presence of gene–environment correlation using extended families in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Badini Isabella , Ahmadzadeh Yasmin , Wechsler Daniel L. , Lyngstad Torkild H. , Rayner Christopher , Eilertsen Espen M. , Zavos Helena M.S. , Ystrom Eivind , McAdams Tom A. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundLow socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased risk for emotional and behavioural problems among children. Evidence from twin studies has shown that family SES moderates genetic and environmental influences on child mental health. However, it is also known that SES is itself under genetic influence and previous gene–environment interaction (G×E) studies have not incorporated the potential genetic overlap between child mental health and family SES into G×E analyses. We applied a novel approach using extended family data to investigate the moderation of aetiological influences on child emotional and behavioural problems by parental socioeconomic status in the presence of modelled gene–environment correlation.MethodsThe sample comprised >28,100 children in extended‐family units drawn from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Mothers reported children's emotional and behavioural symptoms. Parents' income and educational attainment were obtained through linkage to administrative register data. Bivariate moderation Multiple‐Children‐of‐Twins‐and‐Siblings (MCoTS) models were used to analyse relationships between offspring outcomes (emotional and behavioural symptom scores) and parental socioeconomic moderators (income rank and educational attainment).ResultsThe aetiology of child emotional symptoms was moderated by maternal and paternal educational attainment. Shared environmental influences on child emotional symptoms were greater at lower levels of parents' education. The aetiology of child behavioural symptoms was moderated by maternal, but not paternal, socioeconomic factors. Genetic factors shared between maternal income and child behavioural symptoms were greater in families with lower levels maternal income. Nonshared environmental influences on child behavioural symptoms were greater in families with higher maternal income and education.ConclusionsParental socioeconomic indicators moderated familial influences and nonshared environmental influences on child emotional and behavioural outcomes. Maternal SES and child mental health share aetiological overlap such that shared genetic influence was greater at the lower end of the socioeconomic distribution. Our findings collectively highlight the role that family socioeconomic factors play in shaping the origins of child emotional and behavioural problems.
Persistence and effectiveness of guselkumab treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis in a non‐interventional real‐world setting: The SPRING study
Authors: Puig L. , Daudén E. , Cuervas‐Mons M. , Novella C. , Guisado C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundGuselkumab is a monoclonal antibody that blocks the IL‐23 pathway with proven efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis.ObjectivesTo assess the persistence, effectiveness and safety of guselkumab in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis in real clinical practice in Spain.MethodsSPRING was a Phase IV, retrospective and non‐interventional study analysing patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis who had initiated guselkumab under clinical practice conditions at least 12 months before inclusion in the study. The primary endpoint was persistence (non‐persistence: discontinuation or interruption ≥90 days). Effectiveness was assessed using the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and Investigator Global Assessment (IGA). Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and safety were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 284 patients were included between September 2020 and June 2021. The 1‐year probability of persistence was 89.6% (86.1%–93.3%). The 1‐year probability of persistence was also calculated according to prior biologic treatment, being 90.3% for biologic‐naïve patients and 89.5% for patients who received one or more biologic therapies before guselkumab. Additionally, patients were also classified based on the frequency of the administration of guselkumab treatment; the 1‐year probability of persistence was 91.9% in patients receiving guselkumab according to the Summary of Product Characteristics and 89.3% in patients with lengthened intervals of administration. After 1 year, PASI 90 was achieved by 56.4% of patients, IGA 0/1 response and BSA <3% were achieved by 65.5% and 77.8% of patients, respectively, and 65.8% achieved a minimal clinically significant difference (>4‐point reduction) in the DLQI score at 1 year. Twenty‐six adverse reactions (4 of them serious) were reported in 16 patients.ConclusionsThis study suggests that guselkumab has high persistence in real clinical practice in Spain, independently of the previous biologic treatments and changes in the frequency of treatment. Effectiveness and safety are consistent with previously published data.
Biomechanical performance of endocrown and core‐crown restorations: A systematic review
Authors: Lenz Ulysses , Bacchi Atais , Della Bona Alvaro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and compare, through a systematic review of the literature, the biomechanical performance of endocrowns and traditional core‐crowns (with and without intracanal post) for the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth with severe coronal structure damage.Materials and MethodsA systematic search was performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. In‐vitro studies comparing endocrowns with (post‐)core‐crown restorations were selected and screened by two independent reviewers. The included studies were submitted to the risk of bias analysis using the RoBDEMAT tool and the biomechanical outcomes were collected for qualitative analysis. The extracted data were presented based on comparative analyses among the included studies.ResultsThirty‐one studies were included: 9 studies evaluated restorations of molars, 14 for premolars, and 8 studies evaluated anterior restorations. For the majority of the studies, endocrowns showed either similar or greater survival rates under fatigue and monotonic load than (post‐)core‐crown restorations, irrespectively of the tooth. The endocrowns showed more favorable failure patterns than (post‐)core‐crowns, irrespectively of the tooth. Endocrowns produced lower stresses in the restorative material for molars and premolars and in the luting material for premolars than (post‐)core‐crown restorations. The included studies presented adequate information for most items of the RoBDEMAT risk of bias tool.ConclusionEndocrowns showed similar or greater biomechanical performance than the traditional (post‐)core‐crown restorations in most of the evaluated studies.Clinical SignificanceThis systematic review showed that endocrowns present either similar or greater biomechanical performance than core‐crown restorations for anterior and posterior endodontically treated teeth with severe structural damage.
Specters of excess: Passing and policing in the Malay‐speaking archipelago
Authors: Carruthers Andrew M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPositioned at the island interface of Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, the east Malaysian state of Sabah bears witness to some of the largest clandestine cross‐border flows across the globe. This article examines what a Royal Commission of Inquiry on Illegal Immigrants in Sabah has called “an insidious problem which has turned out to be an all‐consuming nightmare.” It highlights the situated (meta)semiotic work involved in determining and enforcing the state's seemingly indeterminate and unenforceable borders between citizens and suspected non‐citizens, while also showing how inquiries into migrant illegality are ultimately inquiries into “excess.” It demonstrates how experiences of and orientations to excess take expressive shape in migrants and Malaysians' fashions of speaking and forms of life. It concludes by considering how these transnational dynamics across a sprawling archipelagic region lend a provincializing angle of vision on American(ist) anthropology's own hemispheric parochialism.