bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thought, consciousness, and the given
Authors: Rosenthal David 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHow do we come to understand the nature of the thoughts that we and others have? And how do we come to have the conceptual resources needed to formulate such understanding? Many would say we understand the nature of thoughts simply by being subjectively aware of our own conscious thoughts. But it is unclear how consciousness could, on its own, provide the conceptual resources required for such understanding. An alternative account holds that we understand the nature of thoughts in a third‐person way, by appeal to the speech acts that can express those thoughts. Such an account readily explains how we come to have the required conceptual resources. Wilfrid Sellars, in “Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind” and elsewhere, developed a view along those lines, appealing to considerations related to and in the spirit of the foregoing concerns. I'll describe and defend that view against two main objections. And I'll argue that any picture of consciousness on which it could reveal the nature of thoughts is independently untenable, and also that such a picture underlies what Sellars denounced as the Myth of the Given. In closing I explain how, given that we understand the nature of thoughts in such a third‐person way, some of our thoughts come to be conscious.
Climate Adaptation Risk and Capital Structure: Evidence From State Climate Adaptation Plans
Authors: Kovacs Tunde , Latif Saira , Yuan Xiaojing , Zhang Chi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTaking the staggered implementation of state climate adaptation plans (SCAPs) as a quasi‐natural experiment, we find that firms headquartered in states that finalize SCAPs increase their financial leverage significantly more in the postadoption period relative to firms located in states without SCAPs. This result is driven by firms facing greater physical climate risk and by firms with more sensitivity to climate policy uncertainty. Further, we show that the leverage increase is value‐enhancing and that SCAPs reduce corporate business risk. The results highlight the net benefits of state climate action and the role of local governments in the interplay between business risk and firm decision, with implications both for the business world and policymakers.
Vaccination uptake is influenced by many cues during health information seeking online
Authors: Khojah Mohammed , Sarhan Mohammad Y. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMuch government response to improving vaccination uptake during the COVID‐19 pandemic has focused on the problems of misinformation and disinformation. There may, however, be other signals within online health information that influence uptake of vaccination.ObjectiveThis study identified the influence of various health information signals within online information communities on the intention of receiving the vaccine.MethodA deductive approach was used to derive constructs from signalling theory. Constructs were validated by a convenience sample using a questionnaire. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to evaluate the measurement model, the structural model and the multigroup analysis.ResultsThe analysis showed a significant impact of signals derived from past experience, information asymmetry and source credibility constructs on the perceived quality of the vaccine service. The perceived quality also had a significant impact on the intention to receive the vaccine.DiscussionSignalling theory was able to explain the importance of health information signals perceived from online platforms on the intention of individuals to receive the vaccine.ConclusionInformation asymmetry between information provider and receiver, perceived credibility of sources and perceived quality of the vaccination service may influence decisions about vaccination.
Effective Mucosal Adjuvantation of the Intranasal Enterovirus A71 Vaccine With Zymosan
Authors: Chin Chiao‐Li , Lin Yu‐Li , Cheng Pei‐Yun , Lee Ping , Chiang Bor‐Luen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnterovirus A71 (EV‐A71) has caused hand, foot, and mouth disease with an increased prevalence of neurological complications and acute mortality, threatening young children around the globe. By provoking mucosal immunity, intranasal vaccination has been suggested to prevent EV‐A71 infection. However, antigens delivered via the nasal route usually fail to induce a protective memory response. Zymosan has been identified to activate multiple pattern recognition receptors to orchestrate innate and adaptive immunity. Herein, we aimed to investigate the capacity of zymosan to strengthen the vaccine response induced by an intranasal EV‐A71 vaccine. First, we confirmed its remarkable capacity to ignite innate signaling by upregulating cytokine production in primary DCs in vitro. Second, we verified its capacity to promote the vaccine immunogenicity in vivo after triple vaccination with EV‐A71, especially with the notable induction of virus‐specific IgA at multiple mucosae and the IL‐17‐producing splenic population after antigen reencounter. Lastly, we validated its capacity to improve vaccine efficacy in vivo after dual vaccination by furnishing neonatal protection against lethal infection. Our findings show that zymosan, at a preferable dosage, could augment the benefits of the intranasal vaccination to tackle EV‐A71 infection. This research provides a feasible strategy for preventing EV‐A71 infection with severe complications and contributes to the development of nasal spray vaccination.
Nurses' Journey Towards Recovery: Describing Suffering During the COVID‐19 Pandemic to Present Day
Authors: Powell Melissa A. , Walton AnnMarie , Scott Susan D. , Allen Deborah H. , Oyesanya Tolu O. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe nursing profession has been significantly affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic, and nurses continue to suffer emotionally and psychologically. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of chronic and ongoing occupational psychological trauma nurses have endured during the COVID‐19 pandemic to present day. Eight nurses were interviewed between November 2022 and April 2023. Data were analysed utilising Hsieh and Shannon's conventional content analysis. Study findings are reported via the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Four themes were identified: (1) organisational perils and pitfalls, (2) unstable professional and personal life, (3) an ongoing emotional and psychological battle and (4) restoration is possible. Nurses' descriptions of ongoing suffering encompassed organisational and individual factors. Organisational factors included increasing workloads and reduced staffing. Individual factors included nurses' concerns regarding mental health and well‐being. Nurses expressed a desire for organisational efforts to prevent burnout through solutions that improve organisational and individual factors. Findings can inform the development and testing of interventions to support nurses and promote nurse well‐being.
Enhanced densification of garnet‐type solid electrolytes under oxygen‐enriched sintering atmosphere
Authors: Kim Hwa‐Jung , Park Hyeokjun , Kim Jung Hyun , Park Sun Hwa , Shin Hosun , Lee Seokhee , Baek Seung‐Wook 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh‐temperature sintering is essential for the densification of garnet‐type solid electrolytes to achieve high ion conductivity and suppression of Li‐dendrite growth. In this study, the densification and electrochemical performance of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZT) electrolyte was optimized by controlling the oxygen content of the atmosphere during sintering. Electrochemical tests were performed on sintered and densified pellets at oxygen contents between 0.005 and 99.995 vol.% using a gassing approach. The relative density and critical current density were optimized to 97.6% and 1.0 mA/cm2, respectively, at a high oxygen content. As oxygen content increased, sintered pellets exhibited increased lithium‐oxide content by inhibiting Li‐loss, facilitating densification. These results are expected to promote the implementation of high‐quality LLZT electrolyte and solid‐state batteries by exploiting the role of oxygen content during sintering. This study shows that high‐quality manufacturing can be achieved with low‐cost, pressureless sintering.
Epigenetic Mechanisms in Osteoporosis: Exploring the Power of m6A RNA Modification
Authors: Tian Shuo , Song Yagang , Guo Lin , Zhao Hui , Bai Ming , Miao Mingsan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTOsteoporosis, recognised as a metabolic disorder, has emerged as a significant burden on global health. Although available treatments have made considerable advancements, they remain inadequately addressed. In recent years, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in skeletal disorders has garnered substantial attention, particularly concerning m6A RNA modification. m6A is the most prevalent dynamic and reversible modification in eukaryotes, mediating various metabolic processes of mRNAs, including splicing, structural conversion, translation, translocation and degradation and serves as a crucial component of epigenetic modification. Research has increasingly validated that m6A plays a vital role in the proliferation, differentiation, migration, invasion,and repair of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts and osteoclasts, all of which impact the whole process of osteoporosis pathogenesis. Continuous efforts have been made to target m6A regulators and natural products derived from traditional medicine, which exhibit multiple biological activities such as anti‐inflammatory and anticancer effects, have emerged as a valuable resources for m6A drug discovery. This paper elaborates on m6A methylation and its regulatory role in osteoporosis, emphasising its implications for diagnosis and treatment, thereby providing theoretical references.
Scaling and spreading age‐friendly care: Early lessons from the VA National Age‐Friendly Action Community
Authors: Schwartz Andrea Wershof , Munro Shannon , Echt Katharina V. , Mirk Anna , Solberg Laurence M. , Wozneak Kimberly 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe Age‐Friendly Health System (AFHS) initiative seeks to improve care for older adults through assessing and acting on the 4Ms (What Matters, Medication, Mentation, Mobility). The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) joined the initiative in 2020, and from 2022 to 2023, VA led its first Age‐Friendly Action Community, a 7‐month online educational series to teach clinicians about implementing the 4Ms across VA care settings.MethodsThe VA Action Community was designed to spread awareness about Age‐Friendly care for older Veterans, improve interprofessional team knowledge for providing care guided by the 4Ms, and support AFHS implementation across multiple care settings. The VA Action Community included online synchronous webinars, Community of Practice coaching calls, and office hours. A learner experience questionnaire was administered at the completion of the Action Community.ResultsTotally 186 care teams enrolled in the VA Action Community, representing 78/171 (45.6%) VA medical centers (VAMCs), across 36 US states and 20 types of care settings. Participants reported high rates of satisfaction and confidence in their ability to apply the knowledge and skills learned. Overall, 58 Action Community teams earned Level 1, Participant recognition, and 43 teams also earned Level 2, Committed to Care Excellence recognition from the Institute for Healthcare Improvement.ConclusionsThe VA Action Community facilitated learning about the 4Ms, supported interprofessional teams in earning AFHS recognition, and offers a promising model for spreading AFHS in other large health systems. Further work is underway to evaluate the impact of this educational experience on clinical process and outcomes measures.
Fractional CO2 Laser to Treat Surgical Scars: A System Review and Meta‐Analysis on Optimal Timing
Authors: Ji Qiang , Luo Lili , Ni Jun , Pu Xiaolan , Qiu He , Wu Dongmei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSurgical scars with textural changes can be disfiguring and uncomfortable for patients. Various laser therapies have shown promise in softening and flattening these scars. Therefore, the authors conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser in treating surgical scars.ObjectiveThis study aims to present evidence from controlled trials investigating the efficacy of ablative carbon dioxide fractional laser in treating surgical scars.Materials and MethodsA literature search of Medline (via PubMed), Ovid, Web of Science, and Embase for relevant trials was conducted before March 2024. After assessing for inclusion, data extraction was performed using Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study criteria (PICOS). Quality, validity, and risk of bias were assessed using the RevMan5.3 risk of bias assessment tool.ResultsA total of 14 controlled trials involving 492 participants or postsurgical scars were included in the system review and meta‐analysis. Both in RCT and non‐RCT settings, fractional CO2 laser therapy exhibited the same efficacious outcomes, with MD values of −0.63 (95% CI: −1.15 to −0.12; I2 = 70%; p = 0.02) and − 1.86 (95% CI: −2.65 to −1.07; I2 = 85%; p < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, furthermore analysis illustrated that initiating FRACTIONAL CO2 LASER treatment sessions at or within 1 month after surgery significantly reduced postoperative scars compared to control groups and groups on treatments initiated more than 3 months after surgery (MD: ‐1.66; 95% CI: −2.31 to −1.01; I2 = 89%; p < 0.001 and MD: ‐1.93; 95% CI: −2.24 to −1.62; I2 = 48%; p < 0.001). However, fractional CO2 laser treatment administered over 3 months after surgery did not significantly improve postoperative scars (MD: –0.17; 95% CI: −0.56 to 0.21; I2 = 37%; p = 0.37).ConclusionThe systematic review and meta‐analysis provide robust support for the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser in treating surgical scars, particularly when administered at or within 1 month after surgery. One treatment session within 1 month after surgery also can produce significant results, but most clinical trials support 2–3 treatment sessions or more.
Determinants of HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among men who have sex with men (MSM) living in rural areas of the United States: A scoping review framed by the PrEP care continuum
Authors: O'Neil Andrew M. , Hubach Randolph D. , Owens Christopher , Walsh Jennifer L. , Quinn Katherine G. , John Steven A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundHIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective intervention to prevent HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Despite its effectiveness, PrEP uptake and adherence among MSM in the United States remain suboptimal, particularly in rural areas.ObjectiveThe present study presents a scoping review of the self‐reported barriers and facilitators of PrEP use among MSM living in rural areas of the United States.DesignPreferred Items for Systematic Reviews—Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines informed this review. Seven online databases were searched to identify papers published from 2012 to 2023 in English with keywords related the concepts of MSM, rural, and HIV PrEP.ResultsFrom an initial 340 articles, nine were selected. Awareness significantly impacts PrEP uptake in rural areas, with challenges including limited dissemination of information through mainstream channels and low perceived HIV risk among rural MSM. However, nonmainstream information sources can enhance PrEP awareness and use. Several barriers hinder rural residents from accessing PrEP, such as a lack of competent providers, geographic isolation, cost, and stigma. High PrEP care costs, lack of financial assistance for lab work, and limited telePrEP options are key challenges in retaining individuals in PrEP care.ConclusionsSuboptimal PrEP uptake in rural areas with high HIV burden remains a concern, hindered by limited information dissemination, low perceived HIV risk, geographic isolation, nonaffirming medical providers, and expensive PrEP care. Leveraging telePrEP, co‐pay assistance, 340B drug pricing, and geospatial networking apps can enhance PrEP use. Multilevel interventions are crucial to combat the HIV epidemic in rural regions.
Sexualized drug use factors among rural sexual minority men
Authors: Owens Christopher , Montemayor Benjamin N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeAlthough rural sexual minority men (SMM) use substances immediately before/during sex (i.e., sexualized drug use), the factors contributing to this behavior are unknown. We examined the factors associated with past year sexualized drug use among rural SMM.MethodsRural SMM in the Southern region of the United States (N = 345) completed an online cross‐sectional survey from February to March 23, 2024. Participants answered questions about their sexualized drug use behaviors, sexual behaviors, minority stressors, and demographics. We conducted a hierarchical logistic regression to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with past year sexualized drug use.FindingsOver three‐quarters of participants (79.7%) used substances immediately before/during sex in the past year. Sexualized drug use was associated with exposure to sexual minority stressors, polysubstance use, sexually transmitted infection testing, having oral sex, receiving drugs from a man in exchange for sex, and older age.ConclusionSexualized drug use is prevalent among rural SMM, and sexual minority stressors and past year sexual risk and substance misuse behaviors were contributing factors. Rural primary care clinics, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) service organizations, and outpatient and inpatient substance use organizations should implement integrative sexual and substance use screening, counseling, and referral services for their rural clients.
Laser‐Driven Dissection Achieves Earlier Continence Recovery Than Blunt Dissection During Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate
Authors: Harraz Ahmed M. , Aldousari Saad , Eltafahny Abdelrahman I. , Almoumen Ali , Thahir Awad , Ajrawi Feras , Alarbid Abdullah , Alghurair Ahmad , Alghanem Mohammad , Alhajeri Faisal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesDuring holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HOLEP), blunt dissection (BD) by pushing the tip of the scope may exert mechanical force on the sphincter that could be avoided by adopting laser dissection (LD). This study evaluates the continence recovery in consecutive patients who underwent BD and LD.MethodsA prospective cohort of patients who underwent LD was compared with a retrospective control that underwent BD. In both groups, early apical release was performed, and the adenoma was split at 12 O'clock after complete enucleation. In LD, a trans‐capsular plane was sharply created by LD and is guided by the circular capsular fibers. A mechanical push with the resectoscope tip was used to create and maintain the ideal surgical plane in the BD group while the laser energy was used to achieve timely hemostasis. The primary outcome was stress urinary incontinence (SUI), defined as the need to use any number of pads, immediately after catheter removal, at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively.ResultsConsecutive 51 (48.6%) and 54 (51.4%) patients underwent BD and LD, respectively. The LD group tends to be older while other demographics were comparable. Both groups were comparable regarding the estimated prostate volume, enucleation time, and postoperative resolution of symptoms. Continence recovery was in favor of the LD group immediately after removing the catheter (77.8% vs. 43.1%; p < 0.001), at 1 week (92.6% vs. 66.7%; p = 0.002), with no significant difference at 1 month (98.1% vs. 88.2%; p = 0.06).ConclusionsLD tends to have favorable early continence recovery compared with BD mostly because of less mechanical stress. Minimizing the periods of blunt pushes during the enucleation might benefit continence recovery.
Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma: A rare case showing arterial carcinomatosis mimicking pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma
Authors: Kitazono Ikumi , Murakami Miki , Takeda Aya , Noguchi Hirotsugu , Tasaki Takashi , Kirishima Mari , Higashi Michiyo , Ueda Kazuhiro , Tanimoto Akihide 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA male in his seventies presented with lung cancer in the right lower lobe. The surgically resected specimen revealed a pleomorphic carcinoma featuring an adenocarcinoma component with lepidic, acinar, and papillary patterns, alongside a spindle cell component spreading along the pulmonary artery wall, resembling intimal sarcoma. The spindle tumor cells were positive for keratins, TTF‐1, napsin A, and vimentin, but negative for p40, CK14, desmin, alpha‐smooth muscle actin, CDK4, and MDM2. This profile indicates that the spindle cells originated from the adenocarcinoma cells via epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. The vascular spread of pleomorphic carcinoma, mimicking pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma, represents an extremely rare mode of tumor invasion, which could be termed “arterial carcinomatosis”. Immunohistochemical analysis is crucial for distinguishing pleomorphic carcinoma from coexisting intimal sarcoma, as the latter's prognosis is markedly poor.
Asynchronous Embryo Transfer in Ewes
Authors: Yang Nana , Liu Yiyong , Zhang Jing , Sun Shuyuan , Wu Xinglong , Li Xiangyun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of spatially and/or temporally asynchronous transfer of in vivo embryos at different stages in ewes during the breeding season. Four experiments were carried out. In Experiment 1, 207 blastocysts that had been frozen and thawed were transferred into the oviducts of 43 day two recipients, the oviducts of 23 day six recipients, and the uteri of 141 day six recipients, respectively. In Experiment 2, 287 fresh blastocysts were transferred into the oviducts of 26 day six recipients and the uteri of 261 day six recipients, respectively. In Experiment 3, 104 2‐cell stage embryos were transferred into the oviducts of 80 day two recipients and the uteri of 24 day two recipients, respectively. In Experiment 4, 175 8‐cell stage embryos were transferred into the oviducts of 160 day three recipients and the uteri of 15 day three recipients, respectively. The results showed that spatially asynchronous but temporally synchronous uterine transfers of fresh cleavage‐stage embryos or oviductal transfers of fresh blastocysts did not compromise pregnancy and lambing. Furthermore, the oviductal transfers of frozen blastocysts significantly increased the pregnancy rate compared with uterine transfers of frozen blastocysts. Additionally, it is worth noting that the oviduct may be the most suitable microenvironment for frozen embryos in ewes. More studies should be conducted to assess the effects of asynchronous embryo transfer in ewes in a large sample size.