bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracranial Carotid Occlusions
Authors: Pero Guglielmo , Dória Hugo Mota , Piano Mariangela , Macera Antonio , Quilici Luca , Cervo Amedeo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Specific decisions made by neurointerventionists are often lost behind the data of large-scale trials, and many of these studies have taken place before the development of new techniques and devices. This study compares the stent-retriever assisted vacuum-locked extraction (SAVE) technique with a direct aspiration first pass (ADAPT), as well as the use of a balloon guide catheter (BGC), in intracranial internal carotid artery (IC-ICA) occlusions.

Methods
Observational and retrospective study from an Italian hospital, including patients who underwent thrombectomy for IC-ICA occlusion between 1 January 2019 and 31 March 2021.

Results
Out of 91 IC-ICA occlusions, the ADAPT was the first choice in 20 (22%) and the SAVE in 71 (78%). A BGC was used in 32 (35%) cases, always in conjunction with the SAVE technique. The use of SAVE technique without BGC was associated with the least risk of distal embolization (DE) in the territory occluded (44% vs. 75% when ADAPT technique was used; p = 0.03) and achieved first pass effect (FPE) more frequently (51% vs. 25%, p = 0.09). When the SAVE technique was used, BGC (BGC-SAVE) compared to no BGC (NoBGC-SAVE) was associated with a tendency for less DE (31% vs. 44%, p = 0.3), more FPE (63% vs. 51%, p = 0.5), the same median number of passes (1, p = 0.8) and similar groin-to-recanalization times (36.5 vs. 35.5 min, p = 0.5), none of which reached statistical significance.

Conclusion
Our findings support the use of SAVE technique for IC-ICA occlusions; the added benefit of BGC compared to long sheaths was not remarkable in this sample.
Risk assessment, surveillance, and nonpharmaceutical prevention of acute radiation dermatitis: results of a multicentric survey among the German-speaking radiation oncology community
Authors: Layer Katharina , Layer Julian P. , Glasmacher Andrea R. , Sarria Gustavo R. , Böhner Alexander M. C. , Layer Yonah L. , Dejonckheere Cas S. , Garbe Stephan , Feyer Petra , Baumert Brigitta G. , Schendera Anke , Baumann René , Krug David , Köksal Mümtaz A. , Koch David , Scafa Davide , Leitzen Christina , Hölzel Michael , Giordano Frank A. , Schmeel Leonard Christopher ,   the German-Speaking Radiation Dermatitis Survey Group
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Radiation dermatitis (RD) represents one of the most frequent side effects in radiotherapy (RT). Despite technical progress, mild and moderate RD still affects major subsets of patients and identification and management of patients with a high risk of severe RD is essential. We sought to characterize surveillance and nonpharmaceutical preventive management of RD in German-speaking hospitals and private centers.

Methods
We conducted a survey on RD among German-speaking radiation oncologists inquiring for their evaluation of risk factors, assessment methods, and nonpharmaceutical preventive management of RD.

Results
A total of 244 health professionals from public and private institutions in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland participated in the survey. RT-dependent factors were deemed most relevant for RD onset followed by lifestyle factors, emphasizing the impact of treatment conceptualization and patient education. While a broad majority of 92.8% assess RD at least once during RT, 59.0% of participants report RD at least partially arbitrarily and 17.4% stated to classify RD severity solely arbitrarily. 83.7% of all participants were unaware of patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Consensus exists on some lifestyle recommendations like avoidance of sun exposure (98.7%), hot baths (95.1%), and mechanical irritation (91.8%) under RT, while deodorant use (63.4% not at all, 22.1% with restrictions) or application of skin lotion (15.1% disapproval) remain controversial and are not recommended by guidelines or evidence-based practices.

Conclusion
Identification of patients at an increased risk of RD and subsequent implementation of adequate preventive measures remain relevant and challenging aspects of clinical routines. Consensus exists on several risk factors and nonpharmaceutical prevention recommendations, while RT-dependent risk factors, e.g., the fractionation scheme, or hygienic measures like deodorant use remain controversial. Surveillance is widely lacking methodology and objectivity. Intensifying outreach in the radiation oncology community is needed to improve practice patterns.
The impact of voluntary folate fortification of corn masa flour on US pregnancies complicated by neural tube defects
Authors: Khalid Syed I. , Thomson Kyle , Hunter Brittany M. , Garcia Roxanna M. , Bowman Robin , Lam Sandi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
In 1996, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandated folic acid fortification for all enriched cereal grains. This resulted in a reduction of neural tube defect (NTD)–affected pregnancies. However, Hispanic women continued to be twice as likely to give birth to a child affected by NTD compared to non-Hispanic White women. Some hypotheses explaining this difference focus on cultural variation in dietary intake of cereal grains. In 2016, the FDA approved voluntary folic acid fortification for corn masa flour products to focus on the Hispanic diet staple. This study investigates rates of NTDs in predominantly Hispanic-populated zip codes before and after the voluntary fortification of corn masa flour with folic acid.

Methods
Normal pregnancies and those complicated by NTDs between 1/1/2016 and 9/30/2020 were identified using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes in an all-payor claims database. The post-fortification period began 12 months after the fortification recommendation. The US Census data was used to stratify pregnancies in predominantly Hispanic zip codes (≥ 75% of households) vs. non-Hispanic zip codes. The causal impact of the FDA’s recommendation was assessed by means of a Bayesian structural time series model.

Results
A total of 2,584,366 pregnancies were identified among females aged 15–50 years. Of these, 365,983 took place in predominantly Hispanic zip codes. Mean quarterly NTDs per 100,000 pregnancies did not significantly differ between predominantly Hispanic zip codes and predominantly non-Hispanic zip codes pre-FDA recommendation (184.5 vs. 175.6; p = 0.427), nor post-recommendation (188.2 vs. 185.9; p = 0.713). Rates of NTDs predicted to occur if no FDA recommendation had been made were compared to the actual rate post-recommendation: no significant difference was observed in predominantly Hispanic zip codes (p = 0.245) or overall (p = 0.116).

Conclusions
Rates of neural tube defects were not significantly reduced in predominantly Hispanic zip codes following the 2016 FDA approval of voluntary folic acid fortification of corn masa flour. Further research and implementation of comprehensive approaches to advocacy, policy, and public health are necessary to decrease preventable congenital disease rates. Mandatory rather than voluntary fortification of corn masa flour products may achieve more substantial prevention of neural tube defects in at-risk US populations.
Geriatrische Aspekte bei Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)
Authors: Huber Joakim , Smeikal Michael , Saely Christoph H. , Stingl Harald , Clodi Martin , Lechleitner Monika , Fasching Peter 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungEs besteht eine hohe Prävalenz an Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 bei über 70-Jährigen in industrialisierten Ländern. Dieser Artikel enthält Empfehlungen für Diagnose, Prävention und Therapieziele in der Behandlung älterer Menschen mit Diabetes anhand der aktuellen Evidenzlage.
Diabetes mellitus, koronare Herzkrankheit und Herzinsuffizienz (Update 2023)
Authors: Clodi Martin , Saely Christoph H. , Hoppichler Friedrich , Resl Michael , Steinwender Clemens , Stingl Harald , Wascher Thomas C. , Winhofer Yvonne , Sourij Harald 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Zusammenhänge zwischen Diabetes mellitus, koronarer Herzkrankheit und Herzinsuffizienz sind wechselseitig. Bei Erstmanifestation einer koronaren Herzkrankheit sollte aktiv auf Diabetes mellitus gescreent werden, während bei an Diabetes mellitus erkrankten Patient:innen die kardiovaskuläre Risikostratifizierung immer in Zusammenschau sämtlicher Risikofaktoren, Biomarker und dem klinischen Befinden des Patient:innen durchgeführt werden sollte. Eine bereits bekannte kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung wie auch das Vorliegen zahlreicher Risikofaktoren stellen wesentliche Kriterien für die Auswahl der individuellen Therapiestrategien dar.
Lebensstil: körperliche Aktivität und Training in der Prävention und Therapie des Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)
Authors: Francesconi Claudia , Niebauer Josef , Haber Paul , Moser Othmar , Weitgasser Raimund , Lackinger Christian 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungLebensstil, insbesondere regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität, ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der Prävention und Therapie des Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus und sollte fester Bestandteil jeglicher Betreuung von Patient:innen sein. Es besteht breiter Konsens, dass eine effiziente Diabetes-Prävention und Therapie in den meisten Fällen auch von einer Modifikation des Lebensstils begleitet sein muss.Ziele der Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität sind zunächst das Training des Herz-Kreislaufsystems, Kräftigung der Muskulatur, Steigerung des Energieumsatzes und die Reduktion von Inaktivität. Für einen substanziellen gesundheitlichen Nutzen sind wöchentlich mindestens 150 min aerobe körperliche Aktivität mit mittlerer oder höherer Intensität und zusätzlich muskelkräftigende Bewegungen erforderlich.Das Ausmaß des positive Effektes von Bewegung steht in direktem Verhältnis zum Grad der erreichten kardiorespiratorischen Fitness, und kann nur durch entsprechendes Training aufrechterhalten werden. Körperliches Training ist in jedem Alter für beide Geschlechter wirksam und effektiv. Durch die Reduktion der Insulinresistenz und funktionelle Verbesserung der Insulinsekretion hat körperliches Training positiven Einfluss auf die Glykämie und zusätzlich wird das kardiovaskuläre Risiko gesenkt.Im Speziellen hat Training nicht nur positiven Einfluss auf die Glykämie durch Verbesserung der Insulinresistenz und funktionelle Verbesserung der Insulinsekretion zu nehmen, sondern ist auch in der Lage, das kardiovaskuläre Risiko zu senken.Inaktivität per se gilt unabhängig vom Konstrukt der körperlichen Aktivität als Risikofaktor. Insbesondere langandauernde sitzende Tätigkeit soll vermieden werden.Standardisierte, regionale und angeleitete Bewegungsprogramme sind bestens geeignet, um ein ausreichendes wöchentliches Ausmaß an gesundheitsfördernder körperlicher Aktivität zu erreichen. Zusätzlich fordert die Österreichische Diabetes Gesellschaft die Position der Bewegungsberater:in als fixen Bestandteil eines multidisziplinären Behandlungsansatzes. Leider gab es in den letzten Jahren weder im Aufbau standardisierter Bewegungsangebote noch in der Bewegungsberatung erfolgsversprechende Entwicklungen.
Aerodynamics and Wake Flow Characteristics of a Four-Cylinder Cluster
Authors: Nguyen Cung H. , Inam Saad , Lasagna Davide , Xie Zheng-Tong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aerodynamic behaviour and wake flow of a cluster of two-dimensional sharp-edged bluff bodies exhibits extremely complex unsteady phenomena in both near and far fields. Due to the high cost of wind-tunnel experiments and numerical simulations, a complete understanding of wake flows and a description of their characteristics are lacking. This paper presents large-eddy simulations (LES) in different flow/wind directions for a cluster of $$2 \times 2$$

2
×
2

aligned square cylinders, at a separation distance in streamwise and cross-wind directions equal to cylinder side length, and at Reynolds number $${Re}=22,000$$

Re

=
22
,
000

based on the single cylinder side length D. The case at $$0^\circ$$

0
∘

incidence shows an evident channel-type flow in the along-wind street/gap, and at its exit an irregularly pulsing jet with an intense shedding of large vortices. The wavelet analyses of the side force/lift coefficient and instantaneous velocities in the wake show that the characteristic length and time scales of the large vortical structures in the far-field wake are close to the cluster size 2D; this is the so called ‘cluster effect’. The cluster effect increases monotonically as the flow incidence angle increases. At a large incidence angle in the near-field wake, the cylinder-scale flow structures are much weaker compared to the cluster-scale structures. At the incidence angle of $$45^\circ$$

45
∘

, the overall wake flow and the aerodynamic characteristics are well scaled by the scale approximately equal to 2D. Nevertheless, the interaction between cylinders significantly affects the aerodynamics performance of the individual cylinders. The drag and lift coefficients of the individual cylinders differ substantially from each other in the cluster, and are significantly different from observations on a single isolated cylinder too.
Mining domain-specific edit operations from model repositories with applications to semantic lifting of model differences and change profiling
Authors: Tinnes Christof , Kehrer Timo , Joblin Mitchell , Hohenstein Uwe , Biesdorf Andreas , Apel Sven 
Published: April 2023

AbstractModel transformations are central to model-driven software development. Applications of model transformations include creating models, handling model co-evolution, model merging, and understanding model evolution. In the past, various (semi-)automatic approaches to derive model transformations from meta-models or from examples have been proposed. These approaches require time-consuming handcrafting or the recording of concrete examples, or they are unable to derive complex transformations. We propose a novel unsupervised approach, called Ockham, which is able to learn edit operations from model histories in model repositories. Ockham is based on the idea that meaningful domain-specific edit operations are the ones that compress the model differences. It employs frequent subgraph mining to discover frequent structures in model difference graphs. We evaluate our approach in two controlled experiments and one real-world case study of a large-scale industrial model-driven architecture project in the railway domain. We found that our approach is able to discover frequent edit operations that have actually been applied before. Furthermore, Ockham is able to extract edit operations that are meaningful—in the sense of explaining model differences through the edit operations they comprise—to practitioners in an industrial setting. We also discuss use cases (i.e., semantic lifting of model differences and change profiles) for the discovered edit operations in this industrial setting. We find that the edit operations discovered by Ockham can be used to better understand and simulate the evolution of models.
Uncovering inbreeding, small populations, and strong genetic isolation in an Australian threatened frog, Litoria littlejohni
Authors: Stock Sarah E. , Klop-Toker Kaya , Wallace Samantha , Kelly Oliver , Callen Alex , Seeto Rebecca , Mahony Stephen V. , Hayward Matt W. , Mahony Michael J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe status of many amphibian populations remains unclear due to undetected declines driven by disease and difficulties in obtaining accurate population estimates. Here, we used genome complexity reduction-based sequencing technology to study the poorly understood Littlejohn’s treefrog, Litoria littlejohni across its fragmented distribution in eastern Australia. We detected five identifiable genetic clusters, with moderate to strong genetic isolation. At a regional scale, population isolation was likely driven by population crashes, resulting in small populations impacted by founder effects. Moderate genetic isolation was detected among populations on the Woronora Plateau despite short distances between population clusters. Evidence of recent declines was apparent in three populations that had very small effective population size, reduced genetic diversity and high inbreeding values. The rates of inbreeding detected in these populations combined with their small size leave these populations at elevated risk of extinction. The Cordeaux Cluster was identified as the most robust population as it was the largest and most genetically diverse. This study exemplifies the value of employing genetic methods to study rare, cryptic species. Despite low recapture rates using traditional capture-recapture demographic methods, we were able to derive population estimates, describe patterns of gene flow, and demonstrate the need for urgent conservation management.
How to Organize Silence at work: An Organizational Politics Perspective on Pragmatic Mistreatment at work
Authors: Matsson Anneli 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this single-case study, practice of ostracism occurred across several levels of the occupational hierarchy in a surgery department in a large Swedish hospital. The findings show that a/ workplace ostracism is triggered by social preconceptions, b/ silence strategies is mobilised to reduce uncertainty c/ structural mistreatment reproduce targeted mistreatment and d/ decisions on expulsion is forced in order to execute organizational politics. In this article I argue that workplace ostracism is pragmatic and that different actors is cought in a form of hostage situation to prevent being rejected and blamed for wrongdoings. In this article I highlight the main results from this study and provide practical implications on how to address ostracism as an organizational problem in order to develop employee rights to be heard.
Bayesian Practical Inference
Authors: Corradini Antonella , Galvan Sergio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this essay, we will try to provide a formal analysis of practical inference, attentive to the various phases in which it is articulated, and being so capable of explaining both the logical conclusiveness of the inference and the probabilistic nature of its conclusion. An innovative purpose of this article is to show how the final deliberation leading to action—the ultimate practical judgment—takes place according to a logic consistent with the use of Bayes’ theorem. This is why we refer to Bayesian practical inference in the title of this essay.
Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on the performance of organ transplant services using data envelopment analysis
Authors: Manoel Márcia N. F. , Santos Sérgio P. , Amado Carla A. F. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Organ transplant is one of the best options for many medical conditions, and in many cases, it may be the only treatment option. Recent evidence suggests, however, that the COVID-19 pandemic might have detrimentally affected the provision of this type of healthcare services. The main purpose of this article is to use Data Envelopment Analysis and the Malmquist Index to assess the impact that the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 had on the provision of solid organ transplant services. To this purpose, we use three complementary models, each focusing on specific aspects of the organ donation and transplantation process, and data from Brazil, which has one of the most extensive public organ transplant programs in the world. Using data from 17 States plus the Federal District, the results of our analysis show a significant drop in the performance of the services in terms of the organ donation and transplantation process from 2018 to 2020, but the results also indicate that not all aspects of the process and States were equally affected. Furthermore, by using different models, this research also allows us to gain a more comprehensive and informative assessment of the performance of the States in delivering this type of service and identify opportunities for reciprocal learning, expanding our knowledge on this important issue and offering opportunities for further research.
Effects of the periocular botulinum toxin on the ocular surface and anterior chamber: a prospective study in patients with hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm
Authors: Romero-Caballero María Dolores , Miralles de Imperial-Ollero Juan Antonio , Sarabia-Marín Elena , Villegas-Pérez María Paz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze using Pentacam®, the corneal and anterior chamber changes following periocular botulinum toxin injection in patients with facial dystonia.

Methods
Prospective study that included patients with facial dystonia that were going to receive a periocular botulinum toxin injection for the first time or six months or more after the previous injection. A Pentacam® examination was carried out in all patients before and 4 weeks after the injection.

Results
Thirty-one eyes were included. Twenty-two had a diagnosis of blepharospasm and nine of hemifacial spasm. Analysis of corneal and anterior chamber parameters revealed a significant decrease in iridocorneal angle after botulinum toxin injection (from 35 ± 10º to 33.8 ± 9.7º, p = 0.022). No other corneal or anterior chamber parameters changed significantly after the injection.

Conclusions
Periocular botulinum toxin injection causes narrowing of the iridocorneal angle.
Scaling in Pompeii: Preliminary Evidence for the Occurrence of Scaling Phenomena Within an Ancient Built Environment
Authors: Hanson J. W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere has recently been a great deal of interest in the effects of the sizes of communities on the social and economic conditions of settlements, drawing on theoretical and empirical work on complex systems. However, although it is clear that there is a series of relationships between the sizes of sites and their various attributes in a range of modern and non-modern contexts, it is not yet known whether these relationships extend to life within settlements, between different neighbourhoods, blocks, or individual households. In this article, I investigate whether this is the case by focusing on one site, Pompeii. The results show that there is indeed a series of relationships between the sizes of structures, the numbers and different kinds of rooms within them, and the numbers and different kinds of artefacts associated with them, which increase at a similar rate to those from other contexts. This demonstrates, for the first time, that the same scaling phenomena that have been identified across both contemporary and non-modern urban systems can also be found within the built environment of a single, well-documented ancient settlement. This suggests that the same, or similar, social network effects exist at multiple social, spatial, and temporal scales, from individual houses to entire cities, opening up the possibility of building a series of much more ambitious theoretical and empirical models of urbanism in future, which trace the variation both within and across settlements back to the net socio-economic and infrastructural consequences of embedding social networks within built environments.
Ion Pools Underneath the Surface of Superfluid $$^4$$He: A Playground of Classical Two-Dimensional Physics
Authors: Skrbek Ladislav 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPositive and negative ions in superfluid $$^4$$

4

He (He II) are interesting objects of experimental and theoretical research and serve as important probes to study various aspects of superfluidity. Additionally, with the help of externally applied electric field, they can be trapped below the free surface of He II, forming pools of nearly constant areal density, suitable to study broad range of collective phenomena of classical two-dimensional (2D) physics. A rich research program of this kind, in which the author participated, was run by Joe Vinen at the University of Birmingham, UK, for more than a decade. This article reviews the main results of this program, such as investigations of various vibrational modes of response of the ion pools and interactions of the ions with ripplons, detection of the two-dimensional Coulomb crystal and studies of its physical properties.