bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis method of cellular stress caused by intermediate dose‐rate irradiation using a cell lysate array technique
Authors: Morishima Nobuhiro , Ogata Hiromitsu , Magae Junji , Ito Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Junya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIonizing radiation damages DNA and may lead to the development of cancer. Irradiation also generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause damage to various biological molecules. Relatively low dose‐rate irradiation causes less damage. However, the damage and its effects on cell fate are difficult to evaluate. To develop a method to analyze the damage and accompanying changes in physiology in cells irradiated by γ‐rays at a relatively low dose‐rate, we used the protein array technique to quantify marker proteins involved in the stress response and the regulation of cell growth and death. This method enabled efficient analyses of many replicates of experimental data on cell lysate samples. We detected relatively small changes in the levels of these proteins in the irradiated cells. Changes in protein levels suggested ROS production and DNA damage as well as cell cycle retardation and the progression of cellular senescence. Thus, our approach shows promise for analyzing the biological effects of relatively low dose‐rate irradiation.
Navigating digital transformation through an information quality strategy: Evidence from a military organisation
Authors: Struijk Mylène , Angelopoulos Spyros , Ou Carol X. J. , Davison Robert M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe use of digital technologies for extracting information from various data sources can help organisations to reduce uncertainty and improve decision‐making. The increasing availability in volume, velocity, and variety of data, however, can give rise to significant risks and challenges in ensuring a high level of information quality (IQ). Pre‐digital organisations can be particularly susceptive to such challenges due to their limited experience with digital technologies and IQ governance. We adopt a theory‐infused interventionist research approach to assist a pre‐digital multinational military organisation in navigating its digital transformation (DT) by focusing on IQ. We design and implement an IQ strategy (IQS) by drawing upon organisational information processing theory and examining how the level of IQ can affect the balance between information processing requirements and capacity. We demonstrate that an IQS that incorporates both technological, as well as IQ governance solutions, can support organisations in setting the scope of their DT, decreasing employees' resistance to change, and increasing their satisfaction, while concurrently improving organisational efficiency. Our work stresses the importance of IQ in the digital era and delineates how pre‐digital organisations can navigate DT by strategically addressing IQ.
Color stability of bulk‐fill compared to conventional resin‐based composites: A scoping review
Authors: Paolone Gaetano , Mandurino Mauro , Scotti Nicola , Cantatore Giuseppe , Blatz Markus B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo conduct a scoping review on color stability of bulk‐fill compared to conventional resin‐based composites exposed to colored beverages.Materials and MethodsIn vitro studies, investigating bulk‐fill resin‐based composites color stability submitted to artificial staining by colored beverages were included. Studies investigating color change induced by smoke and whitening treatments as well as papers not written in English language were excluded. A systematic search, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was performed on four databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) for articles published until October 01st 2022. The study selection was then performed by two authors who screened the abstracts independently and followed the JBI approach.ResultsOf 717 screened abstracts, 59 were selected for full‐text analysis. Finally, 19 studies were included in this review. They investigated 19 different bulk‐fill composites and different artificial‐staining‐by‐liquids‐protocols including coffee, red wine, tea, coke, and others. Seven papers reported higher color change in the investigated bulk fill materials than in conventional resin‐based composites, while nine studies reported the opposite. SonicFill showed the highest color stability for most of the papers.ConclusionsThe available evidence suggests that bulk‐fill materials show variability in color stability. This behavior can be attributed to the heterogeneity of composition and staining procedures in the selected studies.Clinical SignificanceClinicians should keep in mind that bulk‐fill materials may change color when exposed to colorant drinks or food.
Determining the neurocognitive profile of children with tuberous sclerosis complex within the Western Cape region of South Africa
Authors: Berghoff N. M. , Wilmshurst J. M. , Page T. A. , Wessels M. , Schlegel B. , Malcolm‐Smith S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder associated with a wide spectrum of cognitive impairments that can often result in impaired academic, social and adaptive functioning. However, studies investigating TSC have found it difficult to determine whether TSC is associated with a distinct cognitive phenotype and more specifically which aspects of functioning are impaired. Furthermore, children with TSC living in low‐income and middle‐income countries, like South Africa, experience additional burdens due to low socio‐economic status, high mortality rates and poor access to health care and education. Hence, the clinical population of South Africa may vary considerably from those populations from high‐income countries discussed in the literature.MethodsA comprehensive neuropsychological battery composed of internationally recognised measures examining attention, working memory, language comprehension, learning and memory, areas of executive function and general intellectual functioning was administered to 17 children clinically diagnosed with TSC.ResultsThe exploration of descriptive data indicated generalised cognitive difficulties in most cognitive domains, aside from memory. With only two participants performing in the average to above‐average ranges, the rest of the sample showed poor verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed, disinhibition, and problems with spatial planning, problem solving, frustration tolerance, set shifting and maintaining a set of rules. Furthermore, correlational findings indicated several associations between socio‐demographic and cognitive variables.ConclusionsImportantly, this is the first study to comprehensively examine multiple domains of neurocognitive functioning in a low‐resource setting sample of children with TSC. Current study findings showed that children with TSC have generalised impairments across several cognitive domains, rather than domain‐specific impairments. Therefore, although examining individual aspects of cognition, such as those found in previous literature, is important, this approach is limiting. With a comprehensive assessment, including understanding the associations between domains, appropriate and directed support can be provided to ensure all aspects of development are addressed and considered.
Microbes, oxytocin and stress: Converging players regulating eating behavior
Authors: Cuesta‐Marti Cristina , Uhlig Friederike , Muguerza Begoña , Hyland Niall , Clarke Gerard , Schellekens Harriët 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOxytocin is a peptide‐hormone extensively studied for its multifaceted biological functions and has recently gained attention for its role in eating behavior, through its action as an anorexigenic neuropeptide. Moreover, the gut microbiota is involved in oxytocinergic signaling through the brain‐gut axis, specifically in the regulation of social behavior. The gut microbiota is also implicated in appetite regulation and is postulated to play a role in central regulation of hedonic eating. In this review, we provide an overview on oxytocin and its individual links with the microbiome, the homeostatic and non‐homeostatic regulation of eating behavior as well as social behavior and stress.
Physical characterization of chocolates prepared with various soybean and milk powders
Authors: Taşoyan İzlem Cansu , Yolaçaner Elif Turabi , Öztop Mecit Halil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe physical characterization of chocolate products is vital in manufacturing, and the chocolate's processing time and composition directly influence physical properties, such as rheology and melting. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of processing time and the ingredient types on the physical properties of milk chocolates containing soy milk powder and soy protein isolate. Characteristics of skimmed milk chocolate (SMC) and whole milk chocolate (WMC) were compared to soy milk chocolate and soy protein chocolate (SPC). Rheological data of chocolate products were fitted to Casson, Herschel–Bulkley, and Bingham models. The highest viscosity was observed for SPC samples, whereas yield stress was the highest for SMC samples after 2 hr of processing. The increase in milk and soy fats in the formulation softened the texture and decreased the whiteness index significantly (p < .05). PSD results show that SPC had the highest D90 (40.1 μm) and the lowest specific surface area (893 m2/kg) after 6 hr of processing. SPC samples had the narrowest particle size distribution observed by the span values. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that all the samples had the desired Form V, crystal form. The differential scanning calorimetry thermogram was used to determine phase transitions and melting behaviors. At the end of processing, melting enthalpies (ΔHmelt) were significantly lower (p < .05) in milk chocolates.
Comparison of pharmacokinetics of two tylvalosin oral formulations in broiler chickens
Authors: Abu‐Basha Ehab A. , Bani Ismail Zuhair , Idkaidek Nasir M. , Hamzeh Eyad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of the study was to compare the relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of two commercially available oral formulations of tylvalosin prepared for use in broiler chickens (ProviLosinRand AviLosinR). A total of 36 healthy, broiler chickens were administered a single oral dose (25 mg/kg b.w.) of each formulation in a parallel randomized design. The relative bioavailability of ProviLosinRwas 108% compared to AviLosinR. There were no significant differences between ProviLosinRand AviLosinRtylvalosin formulations in the average means of the area under the plasma concentration–time curve, maximum plasma concentrations and time to maximum plasma concentrations. In conclusion, tylvalosin was rapidly absorbed and relatively slowly eliminated after oral administration of a single dose for both formulations. ProviLosinRand AviLosinRcan be used interchangeably as therapeutic agents in broiler chickens.
Quality of life of children and young adults with and without cardiovascular implantable electronic devices during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Needleman Joseph Solomon , Zhu Chengjia , Kean Adam C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have a lower quality of life (QoL) compared to the general pediatric population. The combined effect of COVID‐19 and CIEDs on the QoL and physical activity (PA) both within and between each population is unknown.MethodsIndividuals 8–25‐year‐old with and without CIED's were recruited to complete a phone survey. Data collection included demographics, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), and the (PAQ). PedsQL and PAQ scores range from 0–100 and 1–5, respectively, with higher scores indicating a higher QoL and PA.ResultsOf the 190 individuals contacted, 148 participated (CIED n = 76, non‐CIED n = 72), for an 81% response rate. Participants with and without CIEDs were similar in age (15.5 vs. 16 years, p = .57), gender (male = 57% vs. 42%, p = .07), and self‐identified race (white = 79% vs. 81%, p = .44). CIED participants had a lower QoL (70.8 vs. 83.3, p < .001). Lower total scores were noted in CIED participants with structural heart disease compared to those without (71.6 vs. 83.6, p = .035) and those with a history of non‐CIED heart or chest surgery compared to those without (71.3 vs. 83.3, p = .035). PAQ scores were similarly lower for CIED participants (2.17 vs. 2.73, p < .001).ConclusionThe presence of a CIED negatively impacts the QoL and PA of the pediatric population in the setting of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Further research is needed to better understand and address the drivers of decreased QoL and PA in the pediatric CIED population in the setting of the COVID‐19 Pandemic.
Blockade of 5‐HT2 receptors suppresses motor unit firing and estimates of persistent inward currents during voluntary muscle contraction in humans
Authors: Goodlich Benjamin I. , Del Vecchio Alessandro , Horan Sean A. , Kavanagh Justin J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSerotonergic neuromodulation contributes to enhanced voluntary muscle activation. However, it is not known how the likely motoneurone receptor candidate (5‐HT2) influences the firing rate and activation threshold of motor units (MUs) in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether 5‐HT2 receptor activity contributes to human MU behaviour during voluntary ramped contractions of differing intensity. High‐density surface EMG (HDsEMG) of the tibialis anterior was assessed during ramped isometric dorsiflexions at 10, 30, 50 and 70% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). MU characteristics were successfully extracted from HDsEMG of 11 young adults (four female) pre‐ and post‐ingestion of 8 mg cyproheptadine or a placebo. Antagonism of 5‐HT2 receptors caused a reduction in MU discharge rate during steady‐state muscle activation that was independent of the level of contraction intensity [P < 0.001; estimated mean difference (∆) = 1.06 pulses/s], in addition to an increase in MU derecruitment threshold (P < 0.013, ∆ = 1.23% MVC), without a change in force during MVC (P = 0.652). A reduction in estimates of persistent inward current amplitude was observed at 10% MVC (P < 0.001, ∆ = 0.99 Hz) and 30% MVC (P = 0.003, ∆ = 0.75 Hz) that aligned with 5‐HT changes in MU firing behaviour attributable to 5‐HT2 antagonism. Overall, these findings indicate that 5‐HT2 receptor activity has a role in regulating the discharge rate in populations of spinal motoneurones when performing voluntary contractions. This study provides evidence of a direct link between MU discharge properties, persistent inward current activity and 5‐HT2 receptor activity in humans.
imageKey points
Activation of 5‐HT receptors on the soma and dendrites of motoneurones regulates their excitability.
Previous work using chlorpromazine and cyproheptadine has demonstrated that the 5‐HT2 receptor regulates motoneurone activity in humans with chronic spinal cord injury and non‐injured control subjects.
It is not known how the 5‐HT2 receptor directly influences motor unit (MU) discharge and MU recruitment in larger populations of human motoneurones during voluntary contractions of differing intensity.
Despite the absence of change in force during maximal voluntary dorsiflexions, 5‐HT2 receptor antagonism caused a reduction in MU discharge rate during submaximal steady‐state muscle contraction, in addition to an increase in MU derecruitment threshold, irrespective of the submaximal contraction intensity.
Reductions in estimates of persistent inward currents after 5‐HT2 receptor antagonism support the viewpoint that the 5‐HT2 receptor plays a crucial role in regulating motor activity, whereby a persistent inward current‐based mechanism is involved in regulating the excitability of human motoneurones.
Cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis infection prevention and control interventions in South African clinics: a model-based economic evaluation informed by complexity science methods
Authors: Bozzani Fiammetta Maria , McCreesh Nicky , Diaconu Karin , Govender Indira , White Richard G , Kielmann Karina , Grant Alison D , Vassall Anna 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionNosocomialMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) transmission substantially impacts health workers, patients and communities. Guidelines for tuberculosis infection prevention and control (TB IPC) exist but implementation in many settings remains suboptimal. Evidence is needed on cost-effective investments to preventMtbtransmission that are feasible in routine clinic environments.MethodsA set of TB IPC interventions was codesigned with local stakeholders using system dynamics modelling techniques that addressed both core activities and enabling actions to support implementation. An economic evaluation of these interventions was conducted at two clinics in KwaZulu-Natal, employing agent-based models ofMtbtransmission within the clinics and in their catchment populations. Intervention costs included the costs of the enablers (eg, strengthened supervision, community sensitisation) identified by stakeholders to ensure uptake and adherence.ResultsAll intervention scenarios modelled, inclusive of the relevant enablers, cost less than US$200 per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted and were very cost-effective in comparison to South Africa’s opportunity cost-based threshold (US$3200 per DALY averted). Two interventions, building modifications to improve ventilation and maximising use of the existing Central Chronic Medicines Dispensing and Distribution system to reduce the number of clinic attendees, were found to be cost saving over the 10-year model time horizon. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were sensitive to assumptions on baseline clinic ventilation rates, the prevalence of infectious TB in clinic attendees and future HIV incidence but remained highly cost-effective under all uncertainty analysis scenarios.ConclusionTB IPC interventions in clinics, including the enabling actions to ensure their feasibility, afford very good value for money and should be prioritised for implementation within the South African health system.
Qualitative assessment of programmatic constraints in delivery of effective interventions for improving maternal nutrition in Bangladesh
Authors: Rasul Md Golam , Hasan Mahamudul , Hossain Daluwar , Haseen Fariha , Das Subhasish , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionMaternal undernutrition is highly prevalent in most of the developing countries. Prevalence of both extremes of maternal malnutrition (undernutrition and overweight/obesity) are common in those countries. For Bangladesh, the scenario is not different. The Government of Bangladesh recognises maternal nutrition as a public health priority and addresses the issue in its policies and programmes. We identified and analysed the existing maternal nutrition programmes and determined the bottlenecks in implementing the programmes in Bangladesh using qualitative approach.MethodsWe followed a qualitative research approach and conducted 25 key informant interviews with the programme managers and policymakers, 10 in-depth interviews with the service providers and six focus group discussions with the pregnant women to identify the constraints of programme implementation. We analysed data using thematic and inductive approaches of qualitative research methods.ResultsWe have found that successful implementation of maternal nutrition intervention was being hampered by both the demand and supply side issues. On the demand side, major constraints were financial inability of the families to avail maternal nutrition-related services, ignorance of the family members and cultural barriers of using maternal nutrition-related services. Lack of priority and heavy workload of the service providers, lack of human resources, poor monitoring system, lack of medicine to supply and incoordination have been identified as major supply-side constraints in providing maternal nutrition-related interventions in Bangladesh.ConclusionBoth supply side and demand side issues are responsible for the existing bottlenecks in implementing maternal nutrition-related programmes in Bangladesh. Findings of this study will help the policymakers to learn about the programmatic constraints regarding maternal nutrition services in Bangladesh.
Predicting total knee replacement at 2 and 5 years in osteoarthritis patients using machine learning
Authors: Mahmoud Khadija , Alagha M Abdulhadi , Nowinka Zuzanna , Jones Gareth 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesKnee osteoarthritis is a major cause of physical disability and reduced quality of life, with end-stage disease often treated by total knee replacement (TKR). We set out to develop and externally validate a machine learning model capable of predicting the need for a TKR in 2 and 5 years time using routinely collected health data.DesignA prospective study using datasets Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and the Multicentre Osteoarthritis Study (MOST). OAI data were used to train the models while MOST data formed the external test set. The data were preprocessed using feature selection to curate 45 candidate features including demographics, medical history, imaging assessments, history of intervention and outcome.SettingThe study was conducted using two multicentre USA-based datasets of participants with or at high risk of knee OA.ParticipantsThe study excluded participants with at least one existing TKR. OAI dataset included participants aged 45–79 years of which 3234 were used for training and 809 for internal testing, while MOST involved participants aged 50–79 and 2248 were used for external testing.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome of this study was prediction of TKR onset at 2 and 5 years. Performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC) and F1-score and key predictors identified.ResultsFor the best performing model (gradient boosting machine), the AUC at 2 years was 0.913 (95% CI 0.876 to 0.951), and at 5 years 0.873 (95% CI 0.839 to 0.907). Radiographic-derived features, questionnaire-based assessments alongside the patient’s educational attainment were key predictors for these models.ConclusionsOur approach suggests that routinely collected patient data are sufficient to drive a predictive model with a clinically acceptable level of accuracy (AUC>0.7) and is the first such tool to be externally validated. This level of accuracy is higher than previously published models utilising MRI data, which is not routinely collected.