bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen receptor beta expression in colitis‐associated carcinoma in comparison with sporadic colonic tumor: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Matsuno Takahisa , Mikami Tetuo , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Funahashi Kimihiko , Okazumi Shinichi , Hiruta Nobuyuki , Shibuya Kazutoshi , Igarashi Yoshinori 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe rate of ulcerative colitis (UC)‐related colorectal cancer (colitis‐associated carcinoma) is increasing. Estrogen receptor (ER) beta expression has been studied separately in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer and those with colitis‐associated carcinoma. However, no study has compared the expression in both of these cancer types. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between colitis‐associated carcinoma and ERs and assess whether the expression of ER beta influences cell proliferation.MethodsThis study included 45 surgically operated colitis‐associated carcinomas, 43 high‐grade dysplasias, 34 low‐grade dysplasias, 36 sporadic colorectal cancers, 44 high‐grade adenomas, and 34 low‐grade adenomas. ER beta expression was evaluated with immunohistochemistry.ResultsColitis‐associated carcinoma showed significantly lower ER beta immunoexpression than sporadic colorectal lesions and high‐ and low‐grade dysplasia. In seven colitis‐associated carcinoma harboring both intensity score 3 (strong immunoexpression) and score 1 (weak immunoexpression) areas, the correlation among ER beta intensity, Ki‐67, and p21 labeling index was assessed; an area with an ER beta intensity score of 3 showed a higher Ki‐67 labeling index than that with score 1. In four out of the seven lesions, p21 labeling index was higher in the area of ER beta score 1 than in that of ER beta score 3.ConclusionsThe data suggest that ER beta expression is an accelerating factor in colorectal tumors. This association may be lower in colitis‐associated carcinoma than in sporadic colorectal cancer.
Clinical and pathological characterization of ophthalmic disease in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I
Authors: Nenninger Ariel , Ben‐Shlomo Gil , Allbaugh Rachel , Valentine Bethann , Snella Elizabeth , Jens Jackie , Ellinwood N. Matthew , Smith Jodi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by α‐L‐iduronidase enzyme deficiency, resulting in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation in various cell types, including ocular tissues. Ocular manifestations in humans are common with significant pathological changes including corneal opacification, retinopathy, optic nerve swelling and atrophy, and glaucoma. Available treatments for MPS I are suboptimal and there is limited to no effect in treating the ocular disease. The goal of this study was to characterize the clinical and pathological features of ocular disease in a line of MPS I affected dogs, including changes not previously reported. A total of 22 dogs were studied; 12 MPS I were affected and 10 were unaffected. A subset of each underwent complete ophthalmic examination including slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, rebound tonometry, and ultrasonic pachymetry. Globes were evaluated microscopically for morphological changes and GAG accumulation. Clinical corneal abnormalities in affected dogs included edema, neovascularization, fibrosis, and marked stromal thickening. Intraocular pressures were within reference interval for affected and unaffected dogs. Microscopically, vacuolated cells containing alcian blue positive inclusions were detected within the corneal stroma, iris, ciliary body, sclera, and optic nerve meninges of affected dogs. Ganglioside accumulation was identified by luxol fast blue staining in rare retinal ganglion cells. Increased lysosomal integral membrane protein‐2 expression was demonstrated within the retina of affected animals when compared to unaffected controls. Results of this study further characterize ocular pathology in the canine model of MPS I and provide foundational data for future therapeutic efficacy studies.
Androgen receptors in the forebrain: A study in adult male cats
Authors: Coolen Rosa L. , Cambier Jacqueline C. , van Asselt Els , Blok Bertil F. M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAndrogens and their receptors are present throughout the body. Various structures such as muscles, genitals, and prostate express androgen receptors. The central nervous system also expresses androgen receptors. Androgens cross the blood–brain barrier to reach these central areas. In the central nervous system, androgens are involved in multiple functions. The current study investigated in which forebrain areas androgens are expressed in the male cat. Androgen receptor immunoreactive (AR‐IR) nuclei were plotted and the results were quantified with a Heidelberg Topaz II + scanner and Linocolor 5.0 software. The density and intensity of the labeled cells were the main outcomes of interest. The analysis revealed a dense distribution of AR‐IR nuclei in the preoptic area, periventricular complex of the hypothalamus, posterior hypothalamic area, ventromedial hypothalamic, parvocellular hypothalamic, infundibular, and supramammillary nucleus. Numerous AR‐IR cells were also observed in the dorsal division of the anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral septal nucleus, medial and lateral divisions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral olfactory tract nucleus, anterior amygdaloid area, and the central and medial amygdaloid nuclei. AR‐IR nuclei were predominantly observed in areas involved in autonomic and neuroendocrinergic responses which are important for many physiological processes and behaviors.
Probing the pyrolysis of ethyl formate in the dilute gas phase by synchrotron radiation and theory
Authors: Lowe Bethany , Cardona Alejandro L. , Salas Juana , Bodi Andras , Mayer Paul M. , Burgos Paci Maxi A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of the atmospheric constituent ethyl formate was studied by coupling flash pyrolysis with imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (iPEPICO) spectroscopy using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation at the Swiss Light Source (SLS). iPEPICO allows photoion mass‐selected threshold photoelectron spectra (ms‐TPES) to be obtained for pyrolysis products. By threshold photoionization and ion imaging, parent ions of neutral pyrolysis products and dissociative photoionization products could be distinguished, and multiple spectral carriers could be identified in several ms‐TPES. The TPES and mass‐selected TPES for ethyl formate are reported for the first time and appear to correspond to ionization of the lowest energy conformer having a cis (eclipsed) configuration of the O=C(H)–O–C(H2)–CH3 and trans (staggered) configuration of the O=C(H)–O–C(H2)–CH3 dihedral angles. We observed the following ethyl formate pyrolysis products: CH3CH2OH, CH3CHO, C2H6, C2H4, HC(O)OH, CH2O, CO2, and CO, with HC(O)OH and C2H4 pyrolyzing further, forming CO + H2O and C2H2 + H2. The reaction paths and energetics leading to these products, together with the products of two homolytic bond cleavage reactions, CH3CH2O + CHO and CH3CH2 + HC(O)O, were studied computationally at the M06‐2X‐GD3/aug‐cc‐pVTZ and SVECV‐f12 levels of theory, complemented by further theoretical methods for comparison. The calculated reaction pathways were used to derive Arrhenius parameters for each reaction. The reaction rate constants and branching ratios are discussed in terms of the residence time and newly suggest carbon monoxide as a competitive primary fragmentation product at high temperatures.
Projected changes in precipitation characteristics over the Drakensberg Mountain Range
Authors: Takong Ridick Roland , Abiodun Babatunde J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study examines the potential impacts of climate change on the characteristics of precipitation over the Drakensberg Mountain Range (DMR) at different global warming levels (GWLs: 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0°C) under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario, using dynamical and statistical downscaled datasets. The dynamical datasets consist of 19 multi‐model simulations datasets from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX), whereas the statistical downscaled datasets comprise 19 multi‐model simulations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Exchange (NEX) Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX‐GDDP, hereafter NEX). The capacity of the CORDEX and NEX datasets to represent past characteristics of extreme precipitation over the DMR was evaluated against eight observation datasets. The precipitation characteristics were represented by eight precipitation indices. Both CORDEX and NEX realistically capture the characteristics of extreme precipitation over the Drakensberg and, in most cases, their biases lie within the observation uncertainty. However, NEX performs better than CORDEX in reproducing most of the precipitation characteristics, except in simulating the threshold of extreme rainfall. The ensemble means of CORDEX and NEX agree on a future increase in the intensity of normal precipitation, in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation, as well as an increase in widespread extreme events, with a decrease in the number of precipitation days and continuous wet days. However, they disagree on the projected changes of annual precipitation, for which CORDEX projects an increase over most parts of the DMR, whereas NEX indicates a decrease. The self‐organizing‐map analysis, which reveals diversity in the projection patterns hidden in the ensemble means, shows the most probable combinations of projected changes in the annual precipitation and extreme precipitation events (in terms of intensity and frequency): (a) increase in both annual precipitation and extreme precipitation events; (b) decrease in both annual precipitation and extreme precipitation events; (c) decrease in annual precipitation but increase in extreme precipitation events. The results of this study can thus provide a basis for developing climate change adaptation and mitigating strategies over the DMR.
Planetary boundary layer climatological features over North China Plain: Derived from intensive experiment data
Authors: Yan Yan , Cai Xuhui , Jin Xipeng , Kang Ling , Zhang Hongsheng , Song Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA field campaign was carried out in the North China Plain (NCP) spanning 4 years and formed a dataset of more than 2,700 planetary boundary layer (PBL) sounding samples (872 in summer and 1,841 in winter). Based on these data, fundamental aspects of the PBL climatology over this region were investigated. First, the ensemble mean features of the PBL were revealed. The maximum PBL height in the daytime reaches 1,079 versus 786 m (summer vs. winter, hereafter the same), while about 200 m at nighttime. The bulk mean temperature and specific humidity across the PBL in summer are significantly higher than those in winter (24.0 vs. −0.5°C; 8.9 vs. 1.7 g⋅kg−1, respectively). Mean wind speed within the PBL keeps almost the same in winter and summer (4.5 m⋅s−1) but with a seasonal difference in wind direction (southerly vs. northwesterly). Second, significant diurnal variations within/above the PBL were quantified. Day‐night temperature contrast is largest near the ground (7.9 vs. 5.1°C), and it decreases with height to almost a constant above the PBL. Diurnal variation amplitude of specific humidity is about 1.0 versus 0.3 g⋅kg−1. Diurnal variation of winds also supports the extended influence of the earth surface across the PBL. Third, the local influence on the PBL over the NCP is also presented. PBL height is higher in the plain centre; temperature is lower in coast than inland; winds in the PBL are strongly modulated by local or mesoscale circulations including the plain wind and sea breeze; low‐level jets are common at summer night over the central and eastern parts of the NCP. Analysis reveals possible energy and water vapour exchange across the PBL, and additional heating mechanism above the PBL (e.g., solar radiation absorption).
Carrot and carotene and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of the evidence
Authors: Yi Xianyanling , Li Jin , Liao Dazhou , Peng Ge , Zheng Xiaonan , Xu Hang , Zhang Tianyi , Ai Jianzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the benefits of carrots and carotene in different areas of health have been examined. The purpose of this umbrella review was to identify the associations between carrots and carotene and multiple health outcomes. The review considered evidence from meta‐analyses of interventional and observational studies of carrots and carotene and any health outcome. We comprehensively searched Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase. For each association, we estimated the summary effect size using random and fixed effects models and the 95% confidence interval. A total of 1329 studies were searched, and 30 meta‐analyses with 26 health outcomes were identified that met the eligibility criteria. Carrot intake was associated with a lower risk of multiple cancer outcomes including breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, urothelial cancer, and prostate cancer. Carotene intake was associated with a lower risk of fracture, age‐related cataract, sunburn, Alzheimer's disease, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer, and head and neck cancer (HNC). Serum carotene was inversely associated with all‐cause mortality, breast cancer, and lung cancer. Our study revealed that carrot or carotene intake could reduce the risk of various negative health outcomes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fermented cereal soup with artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) bracts: volatile profile, functional, powder and sensory properties
Authors: Dadalı Ceyda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundArtichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) bracts are agricultural wastes formed during artichoke processing. Artichoke bracts are used in fermented cereal soup tarhana to replace 10%, 20%, and 30% of wheat flour and functional, powder, sensory properties and volatile compounds of tarhana samples were investigated.ResultsThe use of artichoke bracts in tarhana increased total (8.37–17.17 g/100 g) and insoluble dietary fiber (5.84–14.09 g/100 g), total phenolic content (2.88–3.62 mg GAE/g), and antioxidant activity (3.07–3.86 μmol TE/g) values. Replacement of wheat flour by artichoke bracts resulted in lower L*, a*, and b* values. While water absorption capacity increased, oil absorption capacity and emulsifying activity were not affected by artichoke bracts replacement. Artichoke bracts replacement in tarhana influenced powder characteristics as, decrease in bulk density, increase in Carr index, wettability, and dispersibility values. Volatiles from terpene are most abundant (64.47–27.17 mg/kg) in tarhana containing artichoke bracts, followed by volatiles from ester (42.91–25.85 mg/kg). Limonene was the main volatile compound of tarhana samples.ConclusionSensory acceptable tarhana was obtained when up to 30% artichoke bracts were used as wheat flour replacer in tarhana. The contribution to sustainability was achieved, and a healthier tarhana rich in dietary fiber was obtained by using artichoke bracts in tarhana. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The influence of model organosulfur extreme pressure additives and analogues on the corrosion of copper as measured by a wire corrosion test method
Authors: Hunt Gregory J. , Gahagan Michael P. , Peplow Mitchell A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA wire corrosion test (WCT) is used to investigate the influence of model organosulfur extreme pressure additives and analogues. The corrosion response from these compounds is discussed with regards to chemical structural type. Corrosion rates were calculated using the guide in ASTM G31 to provide a measurement in mm/year.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Polymers Containing PC Bonds in the Main Chain
Authors: Mathew Siby , Naganawa Yuki , Jiang Fan , Wischert Raphael , Streiff Stephane , Metivier Pascal , Nakajima Yumiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlacement of phosphorus in the polymer main chain leads to organophosphorus polymers with potentially unique chemical and physical properties. Herein, it is demonstrated that the Abramov phosphonylation reaction can be extended to the synthesis of such polymers, by reacting di‐ or tricarbaldehydes with phosphinic acid (PA) in the presence of N,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA). This technique affords polymers with main chain PC bonds, wherein phosphorus (V), aromatic rings, and hydroxymethylene moieties are linked by bis(α‐hydroxymethylene)phosphinic acid (BHMPA) units. The resulting polymers are water soluble, display resilience against acid‐ and base‐catalyzed hydrolysis, and exhibit superior thermal stability with high char yield in air (≈83%) and nitrogen (≈76%) atmosphere.
Innovation and competition with human capital input
Authors: Nie Pu‐yan , Yang Yong‐cong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs innovation relies on human capital heavily, it attaches importance to taking human capital into account while investigating the relationship between innovation and competition. This paper establishes a game theory model to capture the effects of competition on innovation with human capital. The major findings indicate that firms with larger scale are more active in innovation investment. Meanwhile, a lessening of competition is beneficial to increase innovation if human capital input is considered. Further, both the Lerner index and social welfare are reduced under less competition. The major findings deny Arrow's conjecture and provide policy implications to improve innovation in practice.
Speed distribution model, expectation speed of the system and aggregation behaviour for traffic congestion
Authors: Wang Chaofa , Li Dongdong , Liu Qing , Wei Xiaorong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis research presents a distribution model using queuing theory for traffic congestion that can be used to analyse the concrete dynamics of the expectation speed of a system, which consists of two paths, and finds that the expectation speed is a quadratic function for increment (quantities of optimistic drivers) per unit time without assuming the full rationality of choice behaviour; focusing on the conclusions of certain practical significance, a potential function and a jump Markov chain can be used to describe how the degree of uncertain parameters affects drivers' aggregated behaviour.
Broadband dual‐polarized folded dipole antenna with simple feed structure
Authors: Shi Xinrong , Peng Jian D. , Huang Kun , Ye Liang H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA broadband folded dipole antenna for dual‐polarized radiation is presented. It comprises two couples of folded dipoles and a planar reflector. To enhance the impedance matching over broadband, each couple of folded dipoles is parallelly connected by stepped coplanar striplines and then excited by a simple feed structure consisting of a 50‐Ω coaxial cable and a rectangular strip. To stabilize the radiation and further improve the impedance matching during an extremely broadband, a rectangular director is utilized and loaded upon each folded dipole. This antenna provides an extremely broad bandwidth of 77.6% (1.68–3.81 GHz) with return loss >15 dB, and good isolation of larger than 25 dB. It also obtains a steady half‐power beamwidth of 66° ± 4° and a gain of 8.6 ± 0.8 dBi during the broadband. This makes it attractive for mobile communication.
Teaching introductory soil science before, during, and “after” the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Rahmani Shams R. , Mashtare Michael L. , Schulze Darrell G. , Camberato James J. , Johnston Cliff T. , Fulk‐Bringman Sherry S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBeginning abruptly in the second half of the Spring 2020 semester at Purdue University, we modified our teaching approach in Introductory Soil Science and Forest Soils courses (AGRY 255/270) with a combined annual enrollment of ∼370 students to cope with the COVID‐19 pandemic. In that semester, we went to entirely virtual lecture, lab, and discussion sessions with limited instructor‐to‐student interaction to reduce the spread of COVID‐19. From Fall 2020 to Spring 2022, we re‐instituted many of our pre‐COVID‐19 practices, with some COVID‐19 modifications, as we adjusted to the new normal. These modifications included (1) an introductory video released at the start of the semester to explain the course structure and expectations for students who begin the semester ill or in quarantine and could not attend the first lecture in‐person or live virtual, (2) lectures and exam reviews delivered in multiple formats (i.e., in‐person, live over Zoom, and recorded/pre‐recorded) to increase student access to these materials throughout the semester, (3) allowing early access to weekly online lab materials at the completion of the previous week (instead of after the next week's lecture) to allow students 3 more days to complete the online portion of the lab, and (4) creating digital versions (photographs and videos) of the hands‐on lab materials and virtual field trips for students in quarantine or with excused absences. When activities were primarily virtual, we found email reminders were needed to make sure that students stayed on task and met course deadlines. Adjustments necessary during the early days of the pandemic that were not continued include (1) an assigned and supervised 1‐h lab time (rather than unscheduled and self‐guided student access to the lab) and (2) online live exams.
Advances in the Chemistry of 2,4,6‐Tri(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine
Authors: Rani Kumar Neha , Agrawal Abhijeet R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHeterocyclic systems are now considered to be an integral part of material chemistry. Thiophene, selenophene, furan, pyrrole, carbazole, triazine and others are some such examples worth mentioning. 2,4,6‐Tri(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine is a C3h‐symmetric system with thiophene as the donor unit and s‐triazine as the acceptor unit. This review gives an insight into the advances made in the thienyl‐triazine chemistry over the past two to three decades. The synthetic pathways for arriving at this system and all its important derivatives are provided. The major focus is on the materials synthesized using the thienyl‐triazine system, including star molecules, linear and hyperbranched polymers, porous materials and their diverse applications. This review will play a catalytic role for new dimensions to be explored in thienyl‐triazine chemistry.
Physico‐Chemical Properties of Magnetic Dicationic Ionic Liquids with Tetrahaloferrate Anions
Authors: Zafar Anham , Imtiaz‐ud‐Din  , Palgrave Robert G. , Muhammad Haji , Yousuf Sammer , Evans Tim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA series of imidazolium‐based symmetrical and asymmetrical dicationic ionic liquids (DcILs) with alkyl spacers of different length and with [FeCl3Br]− as counter ion have been synthesized. The synthesized DcILs are characterized by using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry, along with single‐crystal XRD analysis. Physicochemical properties such as solubility, thermal stability and magnetic susceptibility are also measured. These compounds show low melting points, good solubility in water and organic solvents, thermal stability, and paramagnetism. The products of molar susceptibility and temperature (χmol⋅T) for the synthesized DcILs have been found between 4.05 to 4.79 emu mol−1 K Oe−1 and effective magnetic moment values have also been determined to be compared to that expected from the spin‐only approximation.