bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of sperm DNA fragmentation in a retrospective cohort of 1191 men
Authors: Yazdanpanah Ghadikolaei Parisa , Ghaleno Leila Rashki , Vesali Samira , Janzamin Ehsan , Gilani Mohammad Ali Sadighi , Sajadi Hesamoddin , Dizaj Ahmad Vosough Taghi , Shahverdi Abdolhossein , Drevet Joël R. , Moghadam Masouleh AliReza Alizadeh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe scientific and clinical communities now recognize that sperm DNA integrity is crucial for successful fertilization, good embryo development, and offspring quality of life. Despite the apparent unanimity, this criterion is rarely evaluated in clinical practice. We evaluated the sperm DNA fragmentation index of nearly 1200 sperm samples and its connections based on the patient's age, body mass index, the season of sperm collection, geographical location, medical history, and addictive behaviors.MethodsA cohort of 1503 patients who were referred to the Royan Institute between July 2018 and March 2020 was examined. Only 1191 patient records with demographic data, complete semen analysis, and DNA fragmentation index measurements were included in the final cohort. Documents were classified, incorporated into statistical models, and analyzed.ResultsThe results confirmed previous findings that the sperm DNA fragmentation index was significantly higher in aging men. The sperm DNA fragmentation index and high DNA stainability levels were significantly higher in spring and summer samples than in those of other seasons. No correlation was found between semen DNA fragmentation index and patient body mass index, although the study cohort was significantly overweight. Contrary to what might be expected, we observed that the sperm DNA fragmentation index was higher in rural than in urban patients. Intriguingly, epileptic patients exhibited significantly higher sperm DNA fragmentation index levels.Discussion and conclusionAge is the factor that is most strongly associated with sperm DNA fragmentation index levels. Our analysis of 1191 samples indicates that between the ages of 19 and 59, the sperm DNA fragmentation index increases by an average of 2% each year. Intriguingly, from an epidemiological perspective, the warm season (spring/summer) is associated with a higher sperm DNA fragmentation index in the study population, possibly due to the deleterious effect of temperature on sperm quality. Some neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, are associated with decreased sperm DNA integrity. This observation could be related to the iatrogenic effects of associated therapies. In the study cohort, body mass index did not appear to be correlated with the DNA fragmentation index.
Successful treatment with laparoscopic extended posterior sectionectomy for inflammatory pseudotumor in the liver with para‐aortic lymphadenitis
Authors: Takagi Shinya , Morise Zenichi , Katsuno Hidetoshi , Kikuchi Kenji , Nakamura Kenichi , Endo Tomoyoshi , Ochi Takayuki , Matsuo Kazuhiro , Yasuoka Hironobu , Nishimura Akihiro , Nishijima Aki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare disease that requires a differential diagnosis from malignancies. We describe a case of hepatic IPT with para‐aortic lymphadenopathy, treated with a stepwise strategy of laparoscopic surgery. A 61‐year‐old woman was referred with a liver lesion. Computed tomography revealed a 13 cm well‐defined lesion in segments VII–VI. The patient also had bead‐like enlarged lymph nodes from the perihilar to the para‐aortic regions. Although percutaneous lymph node biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy, 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed accumulation in the lesion and lymph nodes. Lymph nodes were harvested laparoscopically for intraoperative pathological examination. With no evidence of malignancy, laparoscopic liver resection was continuously performed as a diagnostic treatment. The patient was given a pathological diagnosis of IPT and was discharged on the 16th day and is well 2 years after surgery. The minimally invasive laparoscopic approach to diagnostic treatment could be useful with secure advantages.
Evaluation of the Prescribing Skills Assessment implementation, performance and medical student experience in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Chin Paul K. L. , Charles Kellie , Murnion Bridin , McGuire Treasure M. , Hilmer Sarah N. , Martin Jennifer , Reith David , Joyce David , Lucas Catherine , Holford Nick , Day Richard , Schneider Jennifer , Doogue Matthew , Han Catherine H. , Herd Sarah , Harrison Claire , O'Mara Deborah 
Published: June 2023

AimsThe UK Prescribing Safety Assessment was modified for use in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) as the Prescribing Skills Assessment (PSA). We investigated the implementation, student performance and acceptability of the ANZ PSA for final‐year medical students.MethodsThis study used a mixed‐method approach involving student data (n = 6440) for 2017–2019 (PSA overall score and 8 domain subscores). Data were also aggregated by medical school and included student evaluation survey results. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and multivariate analyses. The pass rate was established by a modified Angoff method. Thematic analyses of open‐ended survey comments were conducted.ResultsThe average pass rate was slightly higher in 2017 (89%) which used a different examination to 2018 (85%) and 2019 (86%). Little difference was identified between schools for the PSA overall performance or domain subscores. There was low intercorrelation between subscores. Most students provided positive feedback about the PSA regarding the interface and clarity of questions, but an average of 35% reported insufficient time for completion. Further, 70% on average felt unprepared by their school curricula for the PSA, which is in part explained by the low prescribing experience; 69% reported completing ≤10 prescriptions during training.ConclusionThe ANZ PSA was associated with high pass rates and acceptability, although student preparedness was highlighted as a concern for further investigation. We demonstrate how a collaboration of medical schools can adapt a medical education assessment resource (UK PSA) as a means for fulfilling an unmet need.
A kinetic model for positive allosteric modulator (PAM)‐antagonists for the type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor
Authors: Yang Liang , Zhu Xiao , Finlay David B. , Green Hayley , Glass Michelle , Duffull Stephen B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe cannabinoid (CB1) receptor is among the most abundant G protein‐coupled receptors in brain. Allosteric ligands bind to a different site on receptors than the orthosteric ligand can have effects that are unique to the allosteric ligand and modulate orthosteric ligand activity. We propose a unified mathematical model describing the interaction effects of the allosteric ligand Org27569 and the orthosteric agonist CP55940 on CB1 receptor.Experimental ApproachA ternary complex model was constructed, which incorporated kinetic properties to describe the time course of effects of Org27569 and CP55940 reported in the literature: (i) enhanced receptor binding of CP55940, (ii) reduced internalisation and (iii), time‐dependent modulation of cAMP. Underlying mechanisms of time‐dependent modulation by Org27569 were evaluated by simulation.Key ResultsA hypothetical transitional state of CP55940–CB1–Org27569, which can internalise but cannot inhibit cAMP, was shown to be necessary and was sufficient to describe the allosteric modulation by Org27569, prior to receptors adopting an inactive conformation. The model indicated that the formation of this transitional CP55940–CB1–Org27569 state and final inactive CP55940–CB1–Org27569 state contributes to the enhanced CP55940 binding. The inactive CP55940–CB1–Org27569 cannot internalise or inhibit cAMP, leading to reduced internalisation and cessation of cAMP inhibition.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn conclusion, a kinetic mathematical model for CB1 receptor allosteric modulation was developed. However, a standard ternary complex model was not sufficient to capture the data and a hypothetical transitional state was required to describe the allosteric modulation properties of Org27569.
Educators and synoptic prudentialism: Educator reflections on educator training, student surveillance and using technology for student outreach
Authors: Adorjan Michael , Ricciardelli Rosemary 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurveillance plays several interrelated and essential roles in contemporary education. In the current article, we explore the understandings and experiences of educators related to surveillance; especially the ‘vertical’ surveillance ‘from below’ students themselves direct towards educators both inside and outside of the classroom (referred to as ‘sousveillance’). We also explore the prudential ‘intrapersonal’ and reflexive surveillance undertaken by educators to align and adjust to the expectations of educator professionalization, including during educator training, especially in terms of their social media use and under a context of synoptic prudentialism in schools. Synoptic prudentialism refers to the reflexive actions and adjustments by individuals and organizations in response to an acute awareness of widespread social surveillance—the many watching the few. Educators noted risks posed by surveillance, including sources of potential harm, both personal and professional. Findings reveal that, reinforced by the legal scare stories encountered during educator training programs, educators feel overwhelmingly vulnerable to the potential sousveillance of students, and are receiving little advice beyond the requirement to ‘be careful’. We explore educators’ privacy management strategies in response, for example, in response to concerns over students capturing videos in the classroom where situations may be taken out of context. This prudential framework, moreover, may also be inhibiting educators’ ability to conduct outreach with students to detect and respond to online mediated conflict and harm.
Caregivers' perspectives on the impact of the Group Triple P‐Positive Parenting Program in Pakistani orphanages
Authors: Khalid Amina , Morawska Alina , Turner Karen M. T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChildren living in the orphanages of low‐ and middle‐income countries often face maltreatment and inadequate caregiving, and caregivers are unprepared and lack training for their role. This study involved a qualitative design with a thematic analysis approach, consisting of focus group discussions with 14 caregivers working in Pakistani orphanages who had participated in Group Triple P. Four main themes emerged: caregiving skills enhancement, behavioural outcomes, personal wellbeing and change in relationships. Findings suggested that the Group Triple P was beneficial in improving the perceived wellbeing of caregivers by equipping them with parenting skills which enhanced caregivers' self‐confidence in handling challenging caregiving situations. Group Triple P promoted the use of positive caregiving practices that reduced emotional and behavioural problems in children under their care, along with building a positive child–caregiver relationship. It also fostered a supportive environment in the orphanages by building respectful relationships among caregivers and the orphanage administration.
Perinatal diagnosis of congenital urogenital sinus abnormality
Authors: Fiorentino Riccardo , La Bella Saverio , Chiavaroli Valentina , Cauzzo Chiara , Di Credico Simona , Miscia Maria Enrica , Lauriti Giuseppe , Lisi Gabriele , Chiarelli Francesco , Di Valerio Susanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAnomalies of the urogenital sinus, which is a transient feature of the early human embryological development, are rare birth defects. Urogenital sinus abnormalities commonly present as pelvic masses, hydrometrocolpos, or ambiguous genitalia and most commonly occur within the context of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Anomalies of the urogenital sinus requires surgical repair. We experienced a case of a female newborn with congenital urogenital sinus abnormality in which the early diagnosis helped us to prevent complications by decompressing the vagina soon after birth. Antibiotic prophylaxis was sufficient to avoid infections and to decompress the genitourinary system, thus allowing a deferred elective surgery to correct the sinus.
The 2022 European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) global snapshot audit of faecal incontinence: Study protocol
Authors:   European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) Collaborating Group, Dulskas Audrius 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimFaecal incontinence (FI) is a common problem, affecting about 9% of Western populations. However, only a few patients seek consultation and the number of such patients reaching hospital care is unknown. Current treatment pathways are poorly evidence based and are thought to vary greatly between different countries. This audit will study the incidence of patients presenting to coloproctologists with FI, current practice including diagnostics, conservative and surgical techniques across different units in Europe and worldwide. The aim is to explore the incidence of FI in patients attending colorectal surgical clinics, treatment choices and accessibility to diagnostic tools/advanced treatments across the international cohort. Outcomes to be measured include the volume of FI patients consulting clinical practice per surgeon, patient demographics, and diagnostics and intervention details.MethodAn international multicentre snapshot audit will be performed. During the study period all consecutive eligible patients will be included over an 8‐week period between 9 January and 28 February. Data will be entered and saved in a Research Electronic Data Capture secured database. Moreover, two short physician and centre‐level surveys will be filled for current practice evaluation. The results will be published in international journals and will be prepared in accordance with guidelines set by the STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) statement for observational studies.DiscussionThis multicentre, global prospective audit will be delivered by consultant colorectal and general surgeons as well as trainees. The data obtained will lead to a better understanding of the incidence of FI and treatment and diagnostic possibilities. This snapshot audit will be hypothesis generating and inform areas that need future prospective study.
Bond‐blockholders and corporate acquisitions
Authors: Chung Chune Young , Joo Sunghoon , Kang Sanggyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch Question/IssueWe examine whether bond‐blockholders provide additional, distinct monitoring roles in merger and acquisition (M&A) processes beyond those of equity‐blockholders. Using a sample of 4309 M&A deals reported between 2001 and 2010, we shed new light on the monitoring spillover effects of bondholders to shareholders in the context of M&As.Research Findings/InsightsOur findings demonstrate a positive relationship between the presence of bond‐blockholders (or a change in their position) and acquiring firms' abnormal return announcements, which supports the monitoring spillover effects from bondholders to shareholders in M&A processes. Our subsample analyses indicate that bond‐blockholders are better monitors of (1) overconfident CEOs engaging in M&As, (2) CEOs exhibiting risk‐taking behavior in M&As, and (3) entrenched managers participating in M&As. Moreover, we discover a positive association between the previous quarter's changes in “monitoring” bond‐blockholders' positions and the acquiring firms' 3‐day cumulative abnormal returns (CARs).Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsIn corporate finance literature, equity‐blockholders have long been recognized as effective monitors. Despite the importance of debt as most firms' primary funding source, the benefits of debt for monitoring the efficiency of managers and their organizations have been largely overlooked in the existing literature. Thus, this study provides evidence on the additional and distinct monitoring roles of bond‐blockholders beyond those of equity‐blockholders in M&A processes and the impact of bond‐blockholders on shareholders' wealth around M&A announcements.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study offers insights to policymakers interested in enhancing the legitimacy of corporate governance on the monitoring spillover effects of bondholders to shareholders in the context of M&As. In addition, our findings suggest that bondholders can have a long‐term perspective beyond the limited time horizon of bond maturity and influence M&A processes positively. Thus, this study has significant implications for managers and practitioners interested in which investors positively affect M&As.
High SNRPA1 expression leads to poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Juan Juan , Yang Yu Jia , Gu Yi Lu , Tong Li , Liu Yi Fei , Zhang Jian Guo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveSNRPA1, a subunit of spliceosome complex, has been implicated in diverse cancers, while its biological effect in LUAD remains elusive. Therefore, we sought to decipher the relationship between SNRPA1 expression and the prognosis of patients with LUAD and reveal the underlying molecular mechanism.Materials and methodsBased on the clinical data from TCGA databases, the multivariate Cox model was constructed to screen the prognostic value of SNRPA1. qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine SNRPA1 mRNA and protein expression in LUAD. The effect of SNRPA1 on LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial mesenchymal transformation were examined using colony formation assays, wound healing, and western blot assays, respectively. Finally, the influence of SNRPA1 on LUAD immune microenvironment were validated from the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource database.ResultsSNRPA1 was significantly upregulated in both LUAD tissues and cell lines, and highly expressed SNRPA1 contributed to poor prognosis of LUAD patients. In vitro, SNRPA1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration, as well as delayed the EMT differentiation of LUAD cells. Lastly, SNRPA1 was found to be positively associated with immune infiltration and some immune‐check‐point markers.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that SNRPA1 may be a new biomarker for prognostic prediction and a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of LUAD.
Developing a clinical research infrastructure embedded in an academic medicine center that equitably supports future clinician scientists
Authors: Holsti Maija , Keenan Heather T. , Kadish Howard A. , Sapiro Heather K. , Giardino Angelo P. , Osborn Katharine A. , Cline Kristen L. , Byington Carrie L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractClinical research in academic medical centers can be difficult to conduct and meet enrollment goals. Students under‐represented in medicine (URiM) are also under‐represented in academic leadership positions and as physician‐scientists but are critical to help solve health disparities. Barriers in pursuing medicine as a career may be high for URiM students, therefore it is important to create pre‐medicine opportunities accessible to all students interested in healthcare careers. We describe an undergraduate clinical research platform, the Academic Associate (AcA) program, embedded in the medical system that supports clinical research for academic physician scientists and provides students equitable access to experiences and mentoring opportunities. Students have the opportunity of completing a Pediatric Clinical Research Minor (PCRM) degree. This program satisfies many pre‐medicine opportunities for undergraduate students, including those URiM, and allows access to physician mentors and unique educational experiences for graduate school or employment. Since 2009, 820 students participated in the AcA program (17.5% URiM) and 235 students (18% URiM) completed the PCRM. Of the 820 students, 126 (10% URiM) students matriculated to medical school, 128 (11%URiM) to graduate school, and 85 (16.5% URiM) gained employment in biomedical research fields. Students in our program supported 57 publications and were top‐enrollers for several multicentered studies. The AcA program is cost‐effective and achieves a high level of success enrolling patients into clinical research. Additionally, the AcA program provides equitable access for students URiM to physician mentorship, pre‐medical experiences, and an avenue to early immersion in academic medicine.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug–drug interactions between evogliptin and empagliflozin or dapagliflozin in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Kim Dasohm , Choi Minkyu , Jin Byung Hak , Hong Taegon , Kim Choon Ok , Yoo Byung Won , Park Min Soo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEvogliptin (EV) is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP4i) for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions between EV and sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in healthy volunteers since combination therapy of DPP4i and SGLT2i has been considered as an effective option for T2DM treatment. A randomized, open‐label, multiple‐dose, two‐arm, three‐period, three treatments, two‐sequence crossover study was conducted in healthy Korean volunteers. In arm 1, subjects were administered 5 mg of EV once daily for 7 days, 25 mg of empagliflozin (EP) once daily for 5 days, and the combination once daily for 5 days (EV + EP). In arm 2, subjects were administered 5 mg of EV once daily for 7 days, 10 mg of dapagliflozin (DP) once daily for 5 days, and the combination once daily for 5 days (EV + DP). Serial blood samples were collected for PK analysis, and oral glucose tolerance tests were conducted for PD analysis. In each arm, a total of 18 subjects completed the study. All adverse events (AEs) were mild with no serious AEs. The geometric mean ratio and confidence interval of the main PK parameters (maximum concentration of the drug in plasma at steady state and area under the plasma drug concentration‐time curve within a dosing interval at a steady state) between EV and either EP or DP alone were not significantly altered by co‐administration. Administration of EV + EP or EV + DP did not result in significant PD changes, as determined by the glucose‐lowering effect. Administration of EV + EP or EV + DP had no significant effects on the PK profiles of each drug. All treatments were well‐tolerated.
Just Desserts: The Morality of Food Waste in America
Authors: Reno Joshua , Alexander Kelly 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFood, waste, and food waste are embroiled in a wide array of political and moral debates in the United States today. These debates are staged across a range of scales and sites—from individual decisions made in front of refrigerators and compost bins to public deliberations on the U.S. Senate and House floors. They often manifest as a moral panic inspiring a range of Americans at seemingly opposed ends of the political spectrum. This article contrasts three distinct sites where food waste is moralized, with the aim of deconstructing connections between discarded food and consumer ethics. In doing so, we argue that across the contemporary American social strata, food waste reduction efforts enfold taken‐for‐granted ideas of moral justice, or theodicy, that foreground individual responsibility and, as a result, obfuscate broader systemic issues of food inequality perpetuated by late stage capitalism.
An interview on energy, Christian theology, and ethics with Larry Rasmussen
Authors: Rowe Terra Schwerin , Rasmussen Larry L. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTAn interview with Larry Rasmussen on his and others' work on Christian energy ethics. The introduction to the interview gives a brief outline of Christian energy ethics. Rasmussen then reflects on this body of scholarship, where it has been, where it needs to go, and what perspectives or methods it should draw on.