bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel DNA methylation-related gene signature for the prediction of overall survival and immune characteristics of ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Wang Sixue , Fu Jie , Fang Xiaoling 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most life-threatening cancers affecting women worldwide. Recent studies have shown that the DNA methylation state can be used in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis prediction of diseases. Meanwhile, it has been reported that the DNA methylation state can affect the function of immune cells. However, whether DNA methylation-related genes can be used for prognosis and immune response prediction in OC remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, DNA methylation-related genes in OC were identified by an integrated analysis of DNA methylation and transcriptome data. Prognostic values of the DNA methylation-related genes were investigated through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox progression analyses. Immune characteristics were investigated by CIBERSORT, correlation analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).

Results
Twelve prognostic genes (CA2, CD3G, HABP2, KCTD14, PI3, SERPINB5, SLAMF7, SLC9A2, STC2, TBP, TREML2 and TRIM27) were identified and a risk score signature and a nomogram based on prognostic genes and clinicopathological features were constructed for the survival prediction of OC patients in the training and two validation cohorts. Subsequently, the differences in the immune landscape between the high- and low-risk score groups were systematically investigated.

Conclusions
Taken together, our study explored a novel efficient risk score signature and a nomogram for the survival prediction of OC patients. In addition, the differences of the immune characteristics between the two risk groups were clarified preliminarily, which will guide the further exploration of synergistic targets to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in OC patients.
Use of a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial to test contingency management and an integrated behavioral economic and mindfulness intervention for buprenorphine-naloxone medication adherence for opioid use disorder
Authors: Peter Samuel C. , Murphy James G. , Witkiewitz Katie , Hand Sarah B. , Thomas Fridtjof , Johnson Karen Chandler , Cowan Ronald , Harris Matt , Derefinko Karen J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Buprenorphine-naloxone is a medication shown to improve outcomes for individuals seeking treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD); however, outcomes are limited by low medication adherence rates. This is especially true during the early stages of treatment.

Methods
The present study proposes to utilize a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial design to compare two psychological interventions targeting buprenorphine-naloxone adherence: (1) contingency management (CM) and (2) brief motivational interviewing plus substance-free activities session plus mindfulness (BSM). Participants will be N = 280 adults who present to a university-based addictions clinic seeking treatment for OUD. Participants will be randomized to condition to receive 4 sessions of their assigned intervention (CM or BSM). Participants who are adherent, defined as attending physician appointments and having buprenorphine present in urine toxicology, will enter maintenance intervention for an additional 6 months. Those who are not adherent will be re-randomized to receive either the other intervention or both interventions. Follow-up will occur at 8 months post-randomization.

Conclusions
This novel design will examine the benefit of sequential treatment decisions following non-adherence. The primary outcome of this study is buprenorphine-naloxone medication adherence, as assessed by physician visit attendance and presence of buprenorphine in urine. Results will elicit the relative efficacy of CM and BSM compared to one another and whether keeping the initial treatment approach when adding the alternative approach for initially non-adherent individuals is beneficial.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04080180
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the use of melanoma surveillance photography to the Improve early detection of MelanomA in ultra-hiGh and high-risk patiEnts (the IMAGE trial)
Authors: Yan Mabel K. , Cust Anne E. , Soyer H. Peter , Janda Monika , Loewe Katja , Byars Gabrielle , Fishburn Paul , White Paul , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Saw Robyn P. M. , Herschtal Alan , Fernandez-Penas Pablo , Guitera Pascale , Morton Rachael L. , Kelly John , Wolfe Rory , Mar Victoria J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Melanoma surveillance photography (MSP) is a comprehensive surveillance method that comprises two- or three-dimensional total body photography with tagged digital dermoscopy, performed at prescribed intervals. It has the potential to reduce unnecessary biopsies and enhance early detection of melanoma, but it is not yet standard care for all high-risk patients in Australia. This protocol describes a randomised controlled trial (RCT) designed to evaluate the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of using MSP for the surveillance of individuals at ultra-high or high risk of melanoma from a health system perspective.

Methods and design
This is a registry-based, unblinded, multi-site, parallel-arm RCT that will be conducted over 3 years. We aim to recruit 580 participants from three Australian states: Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland, via state cancer registries or direct referral from clinicians. Eligible participants within 24 months of a primary cutaneous melanoma diagnosis will be randomised 1:1 to receive either MSP in addition to their routine clinical surveillance (intervention group) or routine clinical surveillance without MSP (control group). Most participants will continue surveillance with their usual care provider, and the frequency of follow-up visits in both groups will depend on the stage of their primary melanoma and risk factors. The primary outcome measure of the study is the number of unnecessary biopsies (i.e. false positives, being cases where a lesion is biopsied due to suspected melanoma on clinical examination, either with or without MSP, but the resulting histopathology finding is negative for melanoma). Secondary outcomes include the evaluation of health economic outcomes, quality of life and patient acceptability. Two sub-studies will explore the benefit of MSP in high-risk patients prior to a melanoma diagnosis and the diagnostic performance of MSP in the teledermatology setting compared to the en face clinical setting.

Discussion
This trial will determine the clinical efficacy, cost-effectiveness and affordability of MSP to facilitate policy decision-making at the national and local levels, across primary and specialist care.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04385732. Registered on May 13, 2020.
Functioning of a tripartite lignocellulolytic microbial consortium cultivated under two shaking conditions: a metatranscriptomic study
Authors: Wang Yanfang , Jiménez Diego Javier , Zhang Zhenhua , van Elsas Jan Dirk 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
In a previous study, shaking speed was found to be an important factor affecting the population dynamics and lignocellulose-degrading activities of a synthetic lignocellulolytic microbial consortium composed of the bacteria Sphingobacterium paramultivorum w15, Citrobacter freundii so4, and the fungus Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1. Here, the gene expression profiles of each strain in this consortium were examined after growth at two shaking speeds (180 and 60 rpm) at three time points (1, 5 and 13 days).

Results
The results indicated that, at 60 rpm, C. freundii so4 switched, to a large extent, from aerobic to flexible (aerobic/microaerophilic/anaerobic) metabolism, resulting in continued slow growth till late stage. In addition, Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 tended to occur to a larger extent in the hyphal form, with genes encoding adhesion proteins being highly expressed. Much like at 180 rpm, at 60 rpm, S. paramultivorum w15 and Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 were key players in hemicellulose degradation processes, as evidenced from the respective CAZy-specific transcripts. Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 exhibited expression of genes encoding arabinoxylan-degrading enzymes (i.e., of CAZy groups GH10, GH11, CE1, CE5 and GH43), whereas, at 180 rpm, some of these genes were suppressed at early stages of growth. Moreover, C. freundii so4 stably expressed genes that were predicted to encode proteins with (1) β-xylosidase/β-glucosidase and (2) peptidoglycan/chitinase activities, (3) stress response- and detoxification-related proteins. Finally, S. paramultivorum w15 showed involvement in vitamin B2 generation in the early stages across the two shaking speeds, while this role was taken over by C. freundii so4 at late stage at 60 rpm.

Conclusions
We provide evidence that S. paramultivorum w15 is involved in the degradation of mainly hemicellulose and in vitamin B2 production, and C. freundii so4 in the degradation of oligosaccharides or sugar dimers, next to detoxification processes. Coniochaeta sp. 2T2.1 was held to be strongly involved in cellulose and xylan (at early stages), next to lignin modification processes (at later stages). The synergism and alternative functional roles presented in this study enhance the eco-enzymological understanding of the degradation of lignocellulose in this tripartite microbial consortium.
Lung ultrasound: are we diagnosing too much?
Authors: Volpicelli Giovanni , Fraccalini Thomas , Cardinale Luciano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe clinical use of lung ultrasound (LUS) has made more efficient many diagnostic processes at bedside. The great power of LUS is a superior diagnostic sensitivity in many applications, when compared to chest radiography (CXR). The implementation of LUS in emergency is contributing to reveal a growing number of radio-occult pulmonary conditions. In some diseases, the superior sensitivity of LUS is a great advantage, like for pneumothorax and pulmonary edema. Diagnosing at bedside pneumothoraxes, pulmonary congestions, and COVID-19 pneumonia that are visible by LUS but undetected by CXR may be decisive for appropriate management, and even for saving lives. However, in other conditions, like bacterial pneumonia and small peripheral infarctions due to subsegmental pulmonary embolism, the high sensitivity of LUS does not always lead to advantages. Indeed, we doubt that it is always necessary to treat by antibiotics patients suspected of lower respiratory tract infection, who show radio-occult pulmonary consolidations, and to treat by anticoagulation patients with small subsegmental pulmonary embolism. The possibility that we are overtreating radio-occult conditions should be investigated with dedicated clinical trials.
Successful use of emapalumab in refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a child with Chédiak–Higashi syndrome: a case report
Authors: AlAhmari Ali , Khogeer Haitham 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a life-threatening disease heralded by fever, cytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and multisystem organ failure. Its association with genetic mutations, infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies is widely reported.

Case presentation
A 3-year-old male Arab Saudi patient with insignificant past medical history and parental consanguinity presented with abdominal distension of moderate severity and persistent fever despite receiving antibiotics. This was accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly and silvery hair. The clinical and biochemical profiles were suggestive of Chédiak–Higashi syndrome with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The patient received the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-2004 chemotherapy protocol and had multiple hospital admissions mainly due to infections and febrile neutropenia. After achieving the initial remission, the patient’s disease reactivated and did not respond to reinduction with the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-2004 protocol. Due to the disease reactivation and intolerance of conventional therapy, the patient commenced emapalumab. The patient was successfully salvaged and underwent an uneventful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Conclusions
Novel agents such as emapalumab can be helpful for the management of refractory, recurrent, or progressive disease, while avoiding the toxicities of conventional therapy. Due to a paucity of available data on emapalumab, additional data are needed to establish its role in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis treatment.
Joint range, angle and polarization estimation in polarimetric FDA-MIMO radar based on Tucker tensor decomposition
Authors: Zhang Qi , Jiang Hong , Liu Yunchang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrequency diverse array multiple-input multiple-output (FDA-MIMO) radar is an emerging technology to offer range-angle-dependent beampattern. Polarimetric FDA-MIMO radar can sense additional polarization information to improve target identification capability. In this article, we investigate the problem of joint range, angle and polarization parameter estimation in a monostatic polarimetric FDA-MIMO radar with an FDA at transmitter and a cross-dipole array at receiver. Unlike the conventional methods in which the multidimensional data structure is rearranged into vectors or matrices by stacking operation, we propose a Tucker tensor decomposition-based scheme, which can reserve the original data structure and avoid spoiling the inherent characteristics of interest, especially when the number of snapshots is small. The third-order tensor model of the observed data is constructed. Two approaches named as Tucker covariance reconstruction and Tucker signal subspace are presented using the fourth-order covariance tensor decomposition. The Cramér–Rao bound for range, angle and polarization estimation is also provided. Numerical experiments demonstrate the superiorities of the proposed approaches. Specifically, two targets with identical range and close angles are effectively distinguished.
Environmental contamination across multiple hospital departments with multidrug-resistant bacteria pose an elevated risk of healthcare-associated infections in Kenyan hospitals
Authors: Odoyo Erick , Matano Daniel , Tiria Fredrick , Georges Martin , Kyanya Cecilia , Wahome Samuel , Mutai Winnie , Musila Lillian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are often caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria contaminating hospital environments which can cause outbreaks as well as sporadic transmission.

Methods
This study systematically sampled and utilized standard bacteriological culture methods to determine the numbers and types of MDR Enterococcus faecalis/faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter species, and Escherichia coli (ESKAPEE) from high-touch environments of five Kenyan hospitals; level 6 and 5 hospitals (A, B, and C), and level 4 hospitals (D and E), in 2018. Six hundred and seventeen high-touch surfaces across six hospital departments; surgical, general, maternity, newborn, outpatient and pediatric were sampled.

Results
78/617 (12.6%) of the sampled high-touch surfaces were contaminated with MDR ESKAPEE; A. baumannii, 23/617 (3.7%), K. pneumoniae, 22/617 (3.6%), Enterobacter species, 19/617 (3.1%), methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), 5/617 (0.8%), E. coli, 5/617 (0.8%), P. aeruginosa, 2/617 (0.3%), and E. faecalis and faecium, 2/617 (0.3%). Items found in patient areas, such as beddings, newborn incubators, baby cots, and sinks were the most frequently contaminated. Level 6 and 5 hospitals, B, 21/122 (17.2%), A, 21/122 (17.2%), and C, 18/136 (13.2%), were more frequently contaminated with MDR ESKAPEE than level 4 hospitals; D, 6/101 (5.9%), and E, 8/131 (6.1%). All the sampled hospital departments were contaminated with MDR ESKAPEE, with high levels observed in newborn, surgical and maternity. All the A. baumannii, Enterobacter species, and K. pneumoniae isolates were non-susceptible to piperacillin, ceftriaxone and cefepime. 22/23 (95.6%) of the A. baumannii isolates were non-susceptible to meropenem. In addition, 5 K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to all the antibiotics tested except for colistin.

Conclusion
The presence of MDR ESKAPEE across all the hospitals demonstrated gaps in infection prevention practices (IPCs) that should be addressed. Non-susceptibility to last-line antibiotics such as meropenem threatens the ability to treat infections.
The value of criminal history and police intelligence in vetting and selection of police
Authors: Cubitt Timothy I. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite decades of research considering police misconduct, there is still little consensus on officer characteristics associated with misconduct, and best practice for detection and prevention. While current research focuses on the correlates of misconduct among serving police, a small but growing body of research seeks to understand factors that could improve the accuracy of vetting during the police recruitment process and thereafter. In the wake of recent high-profile misconduct by police in the UK, there is a renewed focus on whether current vetting processes are sufficient, and how they might be improved. The present research analyses data from the vetting of a sample of UK police officers to consider whether current processes accurately identified which officers were high risk for misconduct. Findings suggested that current vetting processes performed poorly at identifying officers at risk of misconduct. However, police intelligence and criminal history data from the time of recruitment performed very well at identifying which officers were high risk for serious misconduct later in their career. These findings hold important implications for how police are vetted, and subsequently selected in the UK. In particular, the importance of integrating police intelligence, and criminal records data into vetting processes.
Alternative stable states, nonlinear behavior, and predictability of microbiome dynamics
Authors: Fujita Hiroaki , Ushio Masayuki , Suzuki Kenta , Abe Masato S. , Yamamichi Masato , Iwayama Koji , Canarini Alberto , Hayashi Ibuki , Fukushima Keitaro , Fukuda Shinji , Kiers E. Toby , Toju Hirokazu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Microbiome dynamics are both crucial indicators and potential drivers of human health, agricultural output, and industrial bio-applications. However, predicting microbiome dynamics is notoriously difficult because communities often show abrupt structural changes, such as “dysbiosis” in human microbiomes.

Methods
We integrated theoretical frameworks and empirical analyses with the aim of anticipating drastic shifts of microbial communities. We monitored 48 experimental microbiomes for 110 days and observed that various community-level events, including collapse and gradual compositional changes, occurred according to a defined set of environmental conditions. We analyzed the time-series data based on statistical physics and non-linear mechanics to describe the characteristics of the microbiome dynamics and to examine the predictability of major shifts in microbial community structure.

Results
We confirmed that the abrupt community changes observed through the time-series could be described as shifts between “alternative stable states“ or dynamics around complex attractors. Furthermore, collapses of microbiome structure were successfully anticipated by means of the diagnostic threshold defined with the “energy landscape” analysis of statistical physics or that of a stability index of nonlinear mechanics.

Conclusions
The results indicate that abrupt microbiome events in complex microbial communities can be forecasted by extending classic ecological concepts to the scale of species-rich microbial systems.
The mediating role of anxiety and depression between problematic social media use and bulimia nervosa among Lebanese university students
Authors: Sfeir Michel , Rahme Clara , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a disorder that is characterized by binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior to control weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mediating role of anxiety and depression between problematic social media use (PSMU) and BN among a sample of Lebanese university students.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out between July and September 2021; a total of 363 university students was recruited through convenience sampling. The PROCESS SPSS Macro version 3.4, model four was used to test the indirect effect and calculate three pathways. Pathway A determined the regression coefficient for the effect of PSMU on mental health issues (depression/anxiety); Pathway B examined the association between mental health issues on BN, and Pathway C’ estimated the direct effect of PSMU on BN. Pathway AB was used to calculate the indirect effect of PSMU on BN via depression/anxiety.

Results
Results showed that depression and anxiety partially mediated the association between PSMU and BN. Higher levels of PSMU were associated with more depression and anxiety; higher depression and anxiety were associated with more BN. PSMU was directly and significantly associated with more BN. When entering anxiety (M1) then depression (M2) as consecutive mediators in a first model, the results showed that only depression mediated the association between PSMU and bulimia. When taking depression (M1) then anxiety (M2) as consecutive mediators in a second model, the results showed that the mediation PSMU → Depression → Anxiety → Bulimia was significant. Higher PSMU was significantly associated with more depression, which was significantly associated with more anxiety, which was significantly associated with more bulimia. Finally, higher PSMU was directly and significantly associated with more bulimia

Conclusion
The current paper highlights the relationship that social media use has on BN and other aspects of mental health such as anxiety and depression in Lebanon. Future studies should replicate the mediation analysis conducted in the current study while taking into account other eating disorders. Additional investigations of BN and its correlates must strive to improve the comprehension of these associations’ pathways through designs that allow to draw temporal frameworks, in order to efficiently treat this eating disorder and prevent its negative outcomes.
Engagement with body image health promotion videos in adult men and women: differences between narrative, informational, and persuasive appeal approaches
Authors: Doley Jo R , McLean Siân A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Body dissatisfaction is a public health issue, however, low awareness of its seriousness, and stigma, may inhibit treatment seeking. The current study evaluated engagement with videos promoting awareness of body dissatisfaction using a persuasive communication approach.

Method
Men (n = 283) and women (n = 290) were randomly allocated to view one of five videos; (1) Narrative, (2) Narrative plus persuasive appeal, (3) Informational, (4) Informational plus persuasive appeal and (5) Persuasive appeal only. Engagement (relevance, interest, and compassion) was examined post-viewing.

Results
Among both men and women, superior engagement ratings (in compassion for women, and relevance and compassion for men) were demonstrated for the persuasive appeal and informational videos relative to narrative approaches.

Conclusion
Videos using clear and factual approaches may promote engagement in body image health promotion videos. Further work should be done to examine interest in such videos specific to men.