bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of remote assessment of language and cognition in healthy subjects with heterogeneous educational levels
Authors: Silagi Marcela , D´Ávila Maria Isabel Freitas , Almeida Isabel Junqueira de , Pisetta Paola May , Carthery‐Goulart Maria Teresa , Senaha Mirna L H , Beber Bárbara Costa , Oliveira Maira O , Nitrini Ricardo , Brucki Sonia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic is accelerating the use of telemedicine in the management of chronic neurological diseases. However, studies on the feasibility of assessing language and cognition are still scarce, especially in developing countries in which education is very heterogeneous. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of using telemedicine for linguistic‐cognitive assessment, by comparing the performance of healthy adults in face‐to‐face and online assessments in a Brazilian sample. We also verified the influence of age and education on the two assessment forms.MethodThe sample consisted of 15 cognitively healthy subjects, aged between 57‐70 years (M = 63.2; SD = 4.6) and between 8‐22 years of education (M = 14.7; SD = 4.3). The Western Aphasia Battery‐Revised (WAB‐R) (Kertesz, 2007; Neves et al., 2014) was used for language assessment, with subtests for spontaneous speech, auditory verbal comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, and writing. The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination‐revised version (ACE‐R) (Mioshi et al., 2006; Carvalho e Caramelli, 2007) was used for a brief cognitive screening and is composed of five subscales assessing attention and orientation, memory, fluency, language, and visuospatial skills. Subjects were randomly evaluated both face‐to face and online, with an interval of 1‐6 months.ResultNo differences were found in both WAB‐R and ACE‐R scores obtained in a face‐to‐face versus online environment. However, performance was associated with different sociodemographic variables in the two different evaluation contexts. In face‐to‐face assessment, there was a positive correlation between education and writing subtests (Spearman r = 0.878; p = 0.004). In the remote form of evaluation, there was a negative correlation between age and auditory verbal comprehension (Spearman r = ‐0.722; p = 0.043), and a positive correlation between education and spontaneous speech (Spearman r = 0.871; p = 0.004), auditory verbal comprehension (Spearman r = 0,768; p = 0,025), writing (Spearman r = 0.727; p = 0.040) and Aphasia Coefficient score (Spearman r = 0.736; p = 0.037).ConclusionThe absence of statistical difference between the two forms of evaluation demonstrated the viability of remote assessment of language and cognition in healthy subjects, despite the more significant influence of education in this evaluation form. Further studies will be conduct to verify the feasibility of remote assessment in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.
Analysis of glucocorticoid responsive and circadian clock molecules in Alzheimer’s disease brain tissues.
Authors: Srinivasan Mythily 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnder basal non‐stressed brain conditions, a control system that includes an inherent molecular clock activation, immunomodulatory role of glucocorticoids and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling is essential to prevent excessive inflammation and to effectively return to homeostasis. This results in a continuous competition between feedback and feedforward control. Chronic stress and dysregulated molecular clock are implicated as significant risk factors for neurodegeneration. In unstimulated mice, the core clock gene BMAL1 and the glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper (GILZ, a glucocorticoid responsive gene) are highly expressed in hippocampal microglia. The expressions of these two genes are positively correlated with circulating corticosterone. Mechanistically, GILZ inhibits nuclear translocation of NF‐κB p65 and functions as an anti‐inflammatory molecule. BMAL1 on the other hand, independent of its circadian partner CLOCK, inhibits the glucocorticoid receptor mediated transactivation of GILZ. Elevated plasma corticosterone and age‐related decrease in BMAL1 are associated with increased activation of NF‐κB p65 and susceptibility to neuropathology. We have observed that the GILZ expression in the hippocampus is inversely related to that of NF‐κB p65 and IBA1 in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Taken together, we hypothesize that the GILZ expression will correlate positively with core clock genes and negatively with markers of gliosis and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.MethodWe evaluated the expressions of circadian markers BMAL1 and Period genes (Per1, Per2 and Per3); that of glial cell surface markers Iba1 and GFAP and that of GILZ and NF‐kB as markers of inflammatory system in AD brain tissues by immunohistochemistry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultGILZ expression was reduced in the hippocampus and pre‐frontal cortex of AD tissues, was inversely related to p65, Iba1 and GFAP expressions and directly related to BMAL1 and Per2.ConclusionGILZ could potentially function as a molecular modulator at the intersection of the three systems.
Sustained Effect 1 Month After CSF Tap Test in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Ryoo Nayoung , Park Young Ho , Han Sang‐Won , Kim SangYun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe response to CSF tap test (TT) has been considered an indicator of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and a predictor of shunt effectiveness. Although the effects of the CSF TT are thought to be transient, the duration of those effects has not been studied in detail.MethodWe performed a retrospective analysis of 32 consecutive patients with NPH who underwent quantitative gait analysis before, immediately after, and 1 month after the CSF TT. Responses to the TT were defined as a 15% or greater improvements in step length or walking speed.ResultImmediately after the CSF TT, 24 of 32 patients showed a response on step length or walking speed. Among the 24 patients with a response immediately after the TT, a sustained response 1 month after the TT was maintained in 16 patients. Furthermore, among the 8 patients without an immediate response, 5 patients showed a delayed response 1 month after TT.ConclusionThe effects of the CSF TT on gait parameters were sustained for 1 month in approximately half of the patients with NPH. Decreased tensile strength of the ventricular wall after the TT might explain the sustained effects.
The impact of mental health outcomes on cognition during the COVID‐19 pandemic in older adults with remitted depression, mild cognitive impairment, or normal cognition
Authors: Jassal Simi , Rahmadian Amanda Putri , Kathirkamathamby Sankeetha , Yu Jeffrey , Verhoeff Nicolaas Paul L.G. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Herrmann Nathan , Mah Linda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults may be vulnerable to worsening cognition during pandemics because of public health restrictions that increase social isolation and negatively impact mental health. In the current study, we assessed mental health outcomes during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their relationship with cognitive status at 6 months in older adults with remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or normal cognition (NC).MethodThe sample consisted of 108 older adults enrolled from ongoing studies [37M, mean age = 70.6 (SD = ±5.75)], including 71 NC, 21 rMDD, and 16 MCI]. Participants completed self‐report measures including the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 to assess depression, Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System to assess anxiety, Perceived Stress Scale to assess general stress, Impact of Events Scale‐Revised to assess post‐traumatic stress, and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Repeated measures ANCOVA of mood and cognitive measures with time as a within‐subject factor and covariates of parent study and mood/memory diagnosis assessed change over time in mental health and cognition. Regression modelling of CDR Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) score at 6 months with baseline mood and anxiety scores as predictors and age, gender, parent study, and mood/memory diagnosis as covariates were used to assess the association between mental health and future cognition.ResultMood and cognition did not significantly vary over the three time‐points. Depression and general stress at baseline were predictive of CDR‐SB at 6‐month follow‐up, accounting for 14% of its variance (F(6,55) = 2.69, p = .023, B = .28, p = .038; F(6,72) = 3.16, p = .008, B = .21, p = .088, respectively). Neither anxiety nor post‐traumatic stress symptom severity predicted CDR‐SB.ConclusionThese findings are consistent with epidemiological studies supporting associations between depression or stress and risk of dementia (Byers & Yaffe, 2011; Stuart & Padgett, 2020). Limitations of the study include non‐random sampling and small rMDD and MCI samples. Nevertheless, these preliminary findings suggest the need to address adverse mental health outcomes in seniors during the COVID‐19 pandemic to potentially reduce risk of future cognitive decline.
Traveling waves induced by gamma entrainment can explain its therapeutic effects for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Alamalhoda Mohammad Amin , Lahijanian Mojtaba , Aghajan Hamid , Vahabi Zahra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive 40Hz sensory‐induced brain entrainment has shown promising results in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapy (Chan et al., medRxiv, 2021; Chan et al., Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 2021). We previously reported on the network‐level mechanisms underlying the spatial and temporal coherence of the induced brain rhythms during gamma entrainment in dementia patients (Lahijanian et al., bioRxiv, 2021). Here, we posit that the induced gamma oscillations propagate as traveling waves circling each hemisphere of the cortex, and that the induction of such waves can explain the spatiotemporal coherence between the frontal and parietal/occipital regions reported to be involved in cognitive processes.MethodEEG data were recorded from two healthy young adults during multi‐trial visual entrainment sessions with 22Hz flickering light. Due to the harmonic property of the brain’s entrained response (Jones et al., Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2019), gamma entrainment was achieved at 44Hz. Separately, EEG data were recorded from 11 dementia patients in multi‐trial auditory entrainment sessions with 40Hz chirp input. The phase of the spatiotemporal pattern at the target gamma frequency was calculated across the entire scalp as an indicator of traveling waves.ResultShortly after the stimulation onset in the young healthy adults, a circling traveling wave is observed in each hemisphere (Fig. 1). The onset and the homogeneity of the induced wave pattern is modulated by the power of the 44Hz entrained oscillations (Fig. 2). The dementia patients can be divided into two groups of entrained and non‐entrained according to the induced gamma power (see Lahijanian et al., bioRxiv, 2021), and the travelling wave effect can be occasionally observed during the stimulation in the entrained group and not in the non‐entrained group.ConclusionCortical traveling waves modulate the brain dynamics and play a critical role in functions ranging from sensory processing to memory consolidation (Muller et al., Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2018). Gamma entrainment induces traveling waves that connect the occipital/parietal regions of the cortex to the frontal region through the temporal region. The traveling wave promotes spatiotemporal coherence across the brain and hence can serve as a network‐level mechanism for explaining the therapeutic effects of gamma entrainment.
MR image harmonization based on cross‐center style transfer using deep generative adversarial network
Authors: Jeong Hyun Jae , Song Young‐Hun , Seong Joon‐Kyung , Noh Young , Seo Sang Won 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to heterogeneities in protocols such as magnetic field strength, coil channels, and scanner manufacturers, data shift problems occur. This causes a serious performance drop in predictions tested to other hospitals. We proposed a multi center‐cross transfer network aimed to adapt institutions with minimal loss of predictions for Alzheimer disease.MethodThree datasets collected from hospitals with different manufacturers and protocols were included in this study (Table1). We used a deep generative adversarial network (GAN) consisting of 4 models: The generator learns to generate images by inputting a source image and a style code. The style encoder and mapping network extracts the style code of images and transforms into style spaces of multiple domains. The discriminator distinguishes between real and fake images from multiple domains. The integrated model was adjusted while training based on four losses: adversarial loss, cycle‐consistency loss, style‐reconstruction loss, and style‐diversification loss. To resolve the data imbalance problem, 1200 slices were randomly extracted per institution. For validation, we evaluated how well the proposed deep learning model transforms images while maintaining image quality and variation. Next, classification was performed using a convolutional neural network model (Resnet 50) to check how successfully transfers styles of an institution to another one.ResultWe quantitatively evaluated transfering styles between the desired source and reference institution (Figures 1 and 2). Through interpolation and consistency loss coefficient differences, the source to reference transformation process can be checked continuously (Figure3). The proposed model performed well with SSIM of 0.897, LPIPS of 0.862, which are metrics for assessing quality and variation of image transfering model. To predict harmonization ability, we compared classification performance between each pair of datasets before and after style transfering, respectively. The accuracies for each pair shows dramatic decrese in performance of discriminating different centers: ADNI‐SMC (91.20 to 64.35), ADNI‐GMC (96.52 to 66.66) and GMC‐SMC (87.84 to 57.89).ConclusionWe proposed a multi center‐cross transfer network that freely converts protocol at any desired institution. This work will be able to predict Alzheimer’s biomarkers robustly by harmonizing all data from multiple hospitals, while preserving disease properties encoded in the dataset.
Associations of self‐rated mental and physical work demands with cognition are dependent in a cross‐sectional sample of the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Hickman Ruby , Bakulski Kelly M , Brandt Daniel , Faul Jessica D , Ware Erin B 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe number of older adults remaining in the workforce is growing, but little is known about how physical and mental work demands jointly affect cognitive health. This study assessed whether self‐rated physical and mental work demands were associated with cognition among older working adults and whether their associations were dependent.MethodsOur cross‐sectional sample consisted of 6,376 working older adults in the 2004 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Self‐rated work demands were summarized from four questions about frequency of mental or physical demands in the respondent’s current job. Cognition was assessed using a subset of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. We used multivariable linear regression to test for associations and additive interaction between physical and mental work demands and cognition, adjusted for age, sex, race, education, and practice effect.ResultIndependently, higher physical work demands were associated (P<0.001) with poorer cognition and higher mental work demands were associated (P<0.001) with better cognition. In an interaction analysis, the effect of one work demand measure became more negative as level of the other increased (B for interaction = ‐0.22, 95% CI: ‐0.42, ‐0.02). A one‐point increase in mental work demands was associated with 0.69 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.99) points higher cognition score when physical work demands were lowest. At the highest level of physical work demands, mental work demands were not associated with cognition (0.11, 95% CI: ‐0.28, 0.49). A one‐point increase in physical work demands was not associated with cognition (0.09, 95% CI: ‐0.30, 0.48) when mental work demands were lowest. At the highest level of mental work demands, physical work demands were associated with ‐0.53 (95% CI: ‐0.78, ‐0.29) points lower cognition score. The highest predicted cognition score was for the highest mental and lowest physical work demands. Results were robust to additional adjustment for health and behavior covariates.ConclusionThe associations of self‐rated mental and physical work demand with cognition were dependent. Beneficial cognitive effects of mental work demands may not apply to workers with physically demanding jobs. Future studies should strongly consider examining interactions to capture the range of work demand effects.
Head‐to‐Head comparison between Philips Gemini TF64 and Siemens Biograph Vision 600 for brain amyloid Centiloid quantitation
Authors: Li Shenpeng , Bourgeat Pierrick , Bozinovski Svetlana , Huang Kun , Guzman Rodney , Williams Robert , Fripp Jurgen , Villemagne Victor L , Rowe Christopher C. , Dore Vincent 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Centiloid (CL) scale calibrates the beta‐amyloid (Aβ) deposition from different PET tracers to a standardised 0‐100 CL unit scale. As imaging sites update their PET cameras, most are switching to digital detector systems with superior resolution and sensitivity that may affect quantitation. This has significant implications for dementia clinical trials. In this study, we examine the impact on CL quantification between Philips Gemini TF64 and Siemens Biograph Vision 600.MethodSeven subjects (76.4±2.2 yo) were imaged with 18F‐NAV4694 on both Gemini TF64 and Biograph Vision consecutively with an average scan interval of 25.1±11.2 weeks. The injected doses were 200MBq and 100MBq, respectively. On the Gemini TF64, the PET images were reconstructed by LOR‐RAMLA algorithm with smoothing parameter setup as ‘SHARP’. On Biograph Vision, the PET images were reconstructed by OSEM‐3D (8 iterations and 5 subsets, TOF enabled) with 3mm post Gaussian smoothing. A T1 MRI image was acquired for each subject. As per the standard Centiloid method the whole cerebellum was used as the reference in SUVR images, and all images were processed using CapAIBL to calculate the CL using both MR‐based and MR‐Less spatial normalisation.ResultFigure 1 shows the CL images of a subject scanned on Gemini TF64 and Biograph Vision within sixteen weeks. The Biograph Vision images have higher contrast and higher spatial resolution despite using half of the dose. Figure 2 shows the linear regression plot of the scanner comparison. Biograph Vision CL are progressively higher than those obtained from the Gemini TF64 as the CL value rises (Table 1). There were no significant differences between the MR‐based and MR‐less results.ConclusionBiograph Vision yields higher SUVR and therefore CL values compared to Gemini TF64 in a head‐to‐head comparison. These results show that the selection of PET camera has a significant impact on CL quantification, which needs to be considered when merging cohorts from different studies or changing cameras during longitudinal studies or trials. These initial results indicate that the CL difference could be corrected by a linear transform.
Can a family caregiver provide an evidence‐based falls prevention intervention to the person with cognitive impairment or dementia they care for?
Authors: Panzer Victoria , Smith Veronica , Wakefield Dorothy , Maher Joanne , Ham Carolyn Rose , Fortinsky Richard H 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundFalls are a common reason that persons with cognitive impairment or dementia (PwCID) cannot remain at home. FallsTalk is a one‐month evidence‐based falls prevention program that focuses attention on the individual causes of losses of balance or falls. FallsTalk encourages new falls prevention behaviors, which have been shown to decrease falls. We adapted FallsTalk for family Caregiver (FCG) administration to a PwCID with a recent history of falls to determine if FallsTalk‐Caregiver could influence the number of new falls prevention behaviors reported by the FCG or the number of falls.MethodThirty‐four Dyads (FCG+PwCID) were trained to conduct brief daily falls prevention discussions together. Dyads were randomly assigned to receive either standardized paper (FallsTalk,n = 14) or computer‐tailored (FallsTalk‐Caregiver,n = 20) discussion suggestions based on prior concerns expressed by the FCG. All Dyads had FallsTalk training, had daily discussions together and received weekly check‐in calls. The FCGs reported weekly on the number of falls and new falls prevention behaviors (#newFPBs); as well as any changes in the PwCID’s health, care or living arrangements during the intervention period. FCGs continued to enter the number of falls and status changes weekly into a secure web‐site using a subject ID, until medical (significant health status change) or residential (no longer living at home permanently) endpoint was reached, or 52 weeks were completed. Poisson regression models compared the number of new falls prevention behaviors and weekly fall rate between groups. Fall rates were annualized for comparison with published residential care fall rates.ResultDyads receiving FallsTalk‐Caregiver reported significantly more #newFPBs (MeanPaper = 5.34 (SEM = 0.68, CI = 3.48‐5.93), MeanComputer = 8.46 (SEM = 0.76, CI = 7.48‐10.40); p = .004) during the intervention month. FallsTalk‐Caregiver PwCIDs experienced a significantly lower fall rate (MeanPaper = 0.073/week (SEM = .015, CI = 0.049‐0.109), MeanComputer = 0.040/week (SEM = .008, CI = 0.027‐0.060); p = .047). Annualized fall rates (Falls/year for Dyads with > = 12 weeks) were (MeanPaper = 3.64/year, n = 13; MeanComputer = 2.08/year, n = 19.ConclusionFallsTalk‐Caregiver provides an effective means to encourage new falls prevention behaviors to prevent losses of balance and falls. Despite the diversity of the Dyad’s home environment and varied PwCID diagnoses, FCGs matched or bettered the annual fall rates achieved by professional caregivers in skilled nursing facilities (Resident Falls/year = 2.33 (Residents without a PwCID diagnosis); 4.05 (Residents with a PwCID diagnosis).
Through the Bloodstream: A Novel Biomarker Search for Early Blood‐Based Alzheimer’s Diagnosis Using an Adversarial Autoencoder
Authors: Ko Grace , Hwang Paul , Dae ko kyung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease marked by loss of memory and cognitive functions. As there is no Alzheimer’s cure, an essential early diagnosis can lead to earlier treatment access and time to prepare financially. Current diagnosis methods are expensive and hard to access, which is why there has been a shift to use blood tests. The problem with blood‐based diagnosis is their use of biomarkers as there are only a few known biomarkers of Alzheimer’s. We used an Adversarial Autoencoder (AAE) to increase sensitivity in identifying potential biomarkers in blood samples.MethodWe applied the AAE to identify potential biomarkers through a single cell RNA sequencing dataset from peripheral blood cells (PBC). We synthesized single cell matrices from the trained AAE using randomly sampled sets from the original dataset, and found common genes among them. Afterwards, we determined the molecular mechanisms of these common genes using a gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to validate their genomic functions.ResultFrom the experiment, we succeeded in identifying 157 potential biomarkers for Alzheimer’s using the AAE. Not only are these biomarkers related to the immune response system, the molecular mechanisms of these genes are enriched in Alzheimer’s. This enrichment further indicates the potential of these genes to be useful biomarkers in early diagnosis.ConclusionOur approach using the AAE and the single cell RNA sequence dataset could be a new method for biomarker search in Alzheimer’s early diagnosis.