bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic mapping of candidate loci for water‐deficit stress‐induced proline accumulation in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Shrestha Asis , Siddiqui Md Nurealam , Oyiga Benedict Chijioke , Ballvora Agim , Léon Jens , Naz Ali Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProline is an important metabolite that plays an adaptive role in plants under water‐deficit stress. Understanding the genetic basis of water‐deficit‐induced proline accumulation remains elusive in crop plants, especially in wheat. Here, we investigated proline accumulation under control and water‐deficit conditions using a diversity panel which comprises of 150 bread wheat cultivars. Water‐deficit stress significantly increased proline accumulation than well‐water treated plants. Water‐deficit‐induced proline variability was dissected using genome‐wide association studies that identified significant marker‐trait associations, especially on 1A and 1B chromosomes. Population structure analysis revealed the cultivars originated from Europe were associated with higher proline content. Further, linkage disequilibrium analysis identified minor allele of haplotypes, and single markers were linked with higher proline accumulation under water‐deficit conditions. The identified candidate genes were mostly involved in ATP and ADP binding, protein and oligopeptide transporter activity and also found in defence response, carbohydrate and fatty acid biosynthetic processes. Next, an in silico transcript analysis found higher expression of candidate genes in shoot/leaves under water‐deficit stress conditions. Overall, the key genomic regions controlling water deficit‐induced proline accumulation can be utilized in improving plant adaptation to drought.
Water uptake in germinating pecan (Carya illinoinensis) seed
Authors: Liu J. , Yang L. , Yuan Y. , Xue T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Water uptake is the fundamental and essential requirement for seed germination. Pecan seed has a hard woody endocarp that plays an important role during water uptake.

To explore water uptake during germination, the spatiotemporal pattern of water and effect of the endocarp were analysed using high‐field MRI, dye‐tracing, wax blocking and SEM of water uptake.

Isolated seeds completed water uptake in 8 h while whole seeds required 6 days, hence, cracking the endocarp plays an important role. The hilum is the channel through which water enters the seed, while the remainder of the seed coat consist of cells covered with a waxy layer that act as a barrier to water absorption. The region with the highest water content in pecan seed is the edge of the U‐shaped region, and water can progressively diffuse from this U‐shaped region into the whole kernel.

We report a new water absorption stage between phase II and phase III of the triphasic model of water uptake of pecan seeds. Cracking the endocarp changed water distribution in pecan seeds, which may trigger further water absorption and radicle elongation.
Public emotional responses to crisis: The COVID‐19 pandemic in Wuhan and London
Authors: Luan Yingyue Luna , Sun Luning , Luo Fang , Stillwell David 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOnline public responses during crises provide a window into how people emotionally react to them. Capitalizing on the international nature of the COVID‐19 pandemic, we performed cross‐cultural examination of group and individual differences in public emotional responses. We collected 1,106,395 Weibo posts in Wuhan from July 2019 to June 2020 and 6,564,014 tweets in London from October 2019 to July 2020, and found that the public mood in both cities followed a similar pattern during the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic: a stage of plunging mood followed by a period of recovery. We further examined the relationship between individuals' personality and mood changes. Our results showed that in Wuhan, emotionally stable people experienced more dramatic mood changes, while in London, people high in agreeableness and conscientiousness were more negatively affected during the lockdown period. Based on our findings, we suggest effective crisis management strategies for both policymakers and individuals.
Risk Analysis for Wells in an Active CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Field in Farnsworth Unit, Anadarko Basin, Texas
Authors: On Thinh , Nguyen Tan , Balch Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Farnsworth Unit in the Anadarko Basin, Texas is the location of an ongoing CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery project. Reservoir pressure increases may pose detrimental effects on wellbore integrity in the area. In this study, we investigate well historical data of 20 wells in Farnsworth Unit and conduct laboratory experiments to study risk analysis for those wells. In the experiments, the authors use Portland cement class C and H. This study also uses permeability measurement and X-ray computed tomography to quantify cement damages, then develop hypothetical correlations between injection-confining differential pressure and cement permeability. Finally, the authors apply the correlations for wells in the field to estimate leakage rates through cement columns due to wellbore damage caused by cyclic loading. This paper demonstrates the success of using permeability measurement and X-ray computed tomography to investigate damages in cement, as well as the feasibility of using both experimental and historical data to study well integrity through risk analysis. The study also mentions the corrosive effect of chloride ion on steel, which is also a factor to consider when design wellbore cement.
Physical Performance Profiles in Norwegian Premier League Female Football: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Vagle Markus , Dalen-Lorentsen Torstein , Moksnes Håvard , Harøy Joar , Bjørneboe John , Andersen Thor Einar 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: To map anthropometric and physical performance profiles in Norwegian premier league female football players. Methods: During preseason, the physical qualities of 107 players were tested on Keiser leg press, countermovement jump, 40-meter sprint, and agility. Descriptive statistics were presented as mean (SD) and median [interquartile range]. Pearson correlations analyses were made for all performance tests, and results presented as R value with 95% CIs. Results: The female players were 22 (4) years of age, stature 169.0 (6.2) cm, body weight 65.3 (6.7) kg; force 2122 (312) N, power 1090 (140) W, sprint 40 m 5.75 (0.21) seconds, agility dominant 10.18 (0.32) seconds, nondominant 10.27 (0.31) seconds, and countermovement jump 32.6 (4.1) cm. Outfield players were faster and more agile than goalkeepers, a difference of 40 m, agility of dominant, and nondominant leg, respectively: 0.20 [0.09–0.32], 0.37 [0.21–0.54], and 0.28 [0.12–45]; P < .001. Goalkeepers and central defenders were taller and heavier compared with fullbacks, central midfielders, and wide midfielders (P ranging from <.02). A difference was found between dominant and nondominant legs for the agility test, showing that players are faster when changing direction with the dominant leg. Conclusions: Our study presents anthropometric and physical performance profiles of Norwegian premier league female football players. We found no difference for the physical qualities strength, power, sprint, agility, and countermovement jump between any outfield playing positions in female premier league players. There was a difference between outfield players and goalkeepers for sprint and agility.
DEPLOYMENT BEHAVIOR OF STENT IN TAPERED VESSELS WITH MULTIPLE STENOSES: EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IMPLANTATION PLANNING SYSTEMS
Authors: SHEN XIANG , LI HANQING , JIANG JIABAO , TIAN RUN , LU KAIKAI 
Published: May 2023

In-stent restenosis (ISR), which is a common complication after stent intervention, affects the long-term outcome of stent intervention. Suitable implantation planning will effectively reduce the incidence of ISR. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different implantation planning on the mechanical behavior of stents in tapered vessels with multiple stenoses and select a better implantation planning. The finite element method (FEM) was used in this study. A different planning was designed as follows: (a) using a cylindrical balloon to deploy cylindrical stent (plan CC), (b) using the tapered balloon to deploy cylindrical stent (plan TC) and (c) using the tapered balloon to deploy tapered stent (plan TT). When the stent was expanded to the maximum diameter, the position of maximum vascular stress all appeared at distal plaque in three implantation plans. After balloon was deflated, the vascular stress in plan TC was the minimum. Using tapered balloon to deploy cylindrical stent has advantages in the tapered vessels with multiple stenoses and could reduce the probability of ISR. Moreover, this method could assess the mechanical properties of stent deployment in multiple stenoses and then select a better implantation planning.
A Designer Strategy to Develop Novel Bispecific Cancer Therapeutic Antibodies
Authors: Kumar Rakesh 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Therapeutic antibodies selectively targeting EPHA2 with or without co-targeting another receptor tyrosine kinase have been limited to date. By integrating state-of-art proteogenomic, ex vivo models, and short hairpin RNA screening approaches, a new designing strategy has now discovered a bispecific therapeutic antibody co-targeting EPHA2 and EGFR – which effectively inhibits tumor cell growth in various preclinical cancer models. This new antibody provides new tools to impair the acquired resistance to EGFR-directed therapies or co-target EPHA2 and EGFR in human tumor.
See related article by El Zawily et al., p. 2686
Facultative male investment in prolonged mate-guarding in a butterfly
Authors: Gór Ádám , Fónagy Adrien , Pásztor Kata , Szigeti Viktor , Lang Zsolt , Kis János 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sexual conflict over mating may induce male mate-guarding prolonged in time in the absence of males, via devices such as mating plugs, widespread in insects. In most Lepidoptera, internal plugs are common, while in some butterfly families large external devices, called sphragides, evolved independently. Lack of, or incomplete sphragis in a few individuals were reported in sphragis-bearing species. Previous studies focused on typifying species-specific devices in a few specimens of many species. In contrast, we investigated alternative mate-guarding devices in detail of a sphragis-bearing butterfly. We conducted a six-year observational field study in a Clouded Apollo Parnassius mnemosyne population. Inspecting 492 females, we identified 3 different devices, filament, stopple and shield (i.e., sphragis) increasing in size and structure complexity, implying differential male investment and effectiveness in securing paternity. Shield dimensions, colour and all devices’ shapes varied considerably. Shields were far more frequent than other devices. Some devices were lost, and a few were video-recorded when removed by males, showing the role of different parts of male external genitalia. We discuss potential causes of device variation and the role of removal attempts, and assess potential costs and benefits for both sexes.
Music across Borders in the Ancient Mediterranean World
Authors: Casali Giovanna , Zangrando Alessia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This report provides a conspectus of the round table organised by MOISA for the 21st IMS Quinquennial Congress (IMS 2022). In line with the theme of the congress, namely Music across Borders, the round table focused on the concept of ‘musical mobility’ in the Ancient Mediterranean World, starting from the assumption that the musical identity of the ancient Mediterranean peoples was significantly determined by the mobility of music, concerning dance as well as musicians and musical instruments. The papers presented touched on these different fields, showing how musicology needs to continue a dialogue with new methodologies and approaches of investigation to study and interpret ancient music, including an anthropological perspective.
Doppler Lidar Measurements of Wind Variability and LLJ Properties in Central Oklahoma during the August 2017 Land–Atmosphere Feedback Experiment
Authors: Pichugina Yelena L. , Banta Robert M. , Brewer W. Alan , Turner D. D. , Wulfmeyer V. O. , Strobach E. J. , Baidar S. , Carroll B. J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Low-level jets (LLJs) are an important nocturnal source of wind energy in the U.S. Great Plains. An August 2017 lidar-based field-measurement campaign [the Land–Atmosphere Feedback Experiment (LAFE)] studied LLJs over the central SGP site in Oklahoma and found nearly equal occurrences of the usual southerly jets and postfrontal northeasterly jets—typically rare during this season—for an opportunity to compare the two types of LLJs during this month. Southerly winds were stronger than the northeasterlies by more than 4 m s−1 on average, reflecting a significantly higher frequency of winds stronger than 12 m s−1. The analysis of this dataset has been expanded to other SGP Doppler-lidar sites to quantify the variability of winds and LLJ properties between sites of different land use. Geographic variations of winds over the study area were noted: on southerly wind nights, the winds blew stronger at the highest, westernmost sites by 2 m s−1, whereas on the northeasterly flow nights, the easternmost sites had the strongest wind speeds. Lidar measurements at 5 sites during August 2017, contrasted to the 2016–21 summertime data, revealed unusual wind and LLJ conditions. Temporal hodographs using hourly averaged winds at multiple heights revealed unorganized behavior in the turbulent stable boundary layer (SBL) below the jet nose. Above the nose, some nights showed veering qualitatively similar to inertial oscillation (IO) behavior, but at amplitudes much smaller than expected for an IO, whereas other nights showed little veering. Vertical hodographs had a linear shape in the SBL, indicating little directional shear there, and veering above, resulting in a hook-shaped hodograph with height.

Significance Statement
Doppler-lidar measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) were used to quantify the variability of winds and low-level jet (LLJ) properties between five sites of different land use and wind regimes across this area. Knowledge of wind and LLJ structure and dynamics is important for many applications, and strong southerly LLJ winds at night are an important resource for wind energy. The analysis of multiyear (2016–21) summertime LLJ parameters provided insight into the LLJ climatology in this part of the Great Plains.
An Approach for Assessing Misclassification of Tornado Characteristics Using Damage
Authors: Lombardo Franklin T. , Wienhoff Zachary B. , Rhee Daniel M. , Nevill Justin B. , Poole Charlotte A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Tornado characteristics (e.g., frequency and intensity) are challenging to capture. Assessment of tornado characteristics typically requires damage as a proxy. The lack of validation in the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale and the likelihood of rural tornadoes suggests that tornado characteristics are not accurately captured. This paper presents an approach to quantify the potential misclassification of tornado characteristics using Monte Carlo simulation for residential structures in rural areas. An analytical tornado wind field model coupled with fragility curves generates degrees of damage (i.e., DOD) from the EF scale in a wind speed–to-damage approach. The simulated DODs are then used to derive damage-to–wind speed relationships built from the National Weather Service Damage Assessment Toolkit (NWS DAT). Comparisons are then made between the simulated tornado characteristics and those derived from damage. Results from the simulations show a substantial proportion of tornadoes were “missed” and path width and pathlength on average are underestimated. An EF4 rating based on damage is favored for EF3–EF5 simulated tornadoes. A linear regression was utilized and determined damage-based wind speeds of different percentiles, damage length, damage width, and the number of structures rated at a particular DOD were important for prediction. The distribution of DODs was also used to predict wind speed and the associated intensity rating. These methods were tested on actual tornado cases. Tornadoes that have the same damage-based peak wind speed can be objectively assessed to determine differences in overall intensity. The results also raise questions about the level of confidence when assessing wind speed based on damage.
Upstream–Downstream Asymmetry in Multiscale Interaction Underlying the Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Blockings
Authors: Ma Jiwang , Liang X. San 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The typical blockings over the Pacific, Atlantic, and Ural Mountain regions are investigated for an understanding of their dynamical interactions in a unified treatment with their respective basic flows and high-frequency processes, respectively. Thanks to the localized nature of the new methodology as used in this study, for the first time we identify a dipolar structure (for each of the three regions) in the map of the interscale energy transfer from the basic flow to the composite blocking, with a positive center upstream and a negative center downstream. This indicates the crucial role of the instability of the basic flow in the maintenance of blockings, which has been overlooked due to the bulk nature of the spatially integrated energetics (by summing the transfer over the whole blocking, the two centers essentially cancel out, leaving an insignificant bulk transfer). For the interaction between the blocking and the high-frequency storms, the well-known critical role of the upscale forcing in blocking development is confirmed. But, unexpectedly, except for that over the Atlantic where the forcing exists throughout, over the other two regions the forcing is found to occur mainly downstream. This is quite different from what the classical theory, e.g., the famous eddy strain mechanism of Shutts, would predict.
A CO2 and H2O Gas Analyzer with Reduced Error due to Platform Motion
Authors: Vandemark Douglas , Emond Marc , Miller Scott D. , Shellito Shawn , Bogoev Ivan , Covert Jason M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
One long-standing technical problem affecting the accuracy of eddy correlation air–sea CO2 flux estimates has been motion contamination of the CO2 mixing-ratio measurement. This sensor-related problem is well known but its source remains unresolved. This report details an attempt to identify and reduce motion-induced error and to improve the infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) design. The key finding is that a large fraction of the motion sensitivity is associated with the detection approach common to most closed- and open-path IRGA employed today for CO2 and H2O measurements. A new prototype sensor was developed to both investigate and remedy the issue. Results in laboratory and deep-water tank tests show marked improvement. The prototype shows a factor of 4–10 reduction in CO2 error under typical at-sea buoy pitch and roll tilts in comparison with an off-the-shelf IRGA system. A similar noise reduction factor of 2–8 is observed in water vapor measurements. The range of platform tilt motion testing also helps to document motion-induced error characteristics of standard analyzers. Study implications are discussed including findings relevant to past field measurements and the promise for improved future flux measurements using similarly modified IRGA on moving ocean observing and aircraft platforms.
Scapho-luno-capitate fusion with proximal lunate articular surface preservation for management of grade IIIA Kienböck’s disease: a prospective case series
Authors: Shams Ahmed , Samy Mohamed Ahmed , Mesregah Mohamed Kamal , Abosalem Ahmed Abdelazim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Kienböck’s disease is idiopathic lunate avascular necrosis, which may lead to lunate collapse, abnormal carpal motion and wrist arthritis. The current study aimed to assess the outcomes of treating stage IIIA Kienböck’s disease by a novel technique of limited carpal fusion via partial lunate excision with preservation of the proximal lunate surface and scapho-luno-capitate (SLC) fusion.

Materials and methods
We conducted a prospective study of patients with grade IIIA Kienböck’s disease managed with a novel technique of limited carpal fusion comprising SLC fusion with preservation of the proximal lunate articular cartilage. Autologous iliac crest bone grafting and K-wires fixation were used to enhance the osteosynthesis of the SLC fusion. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year. A visual analog scale (VAS) and the Mayo Wrist Score were utilized for the evaluation of patient residual pain and functional assessment, respectively. A digital Smedley dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength. The modified carpal height ratio (MCHR) was used for monitoring carpal collapse. The radioscaphoid angle, scapholunate angle, and the modified carpal-ulnar distance ratio were used for the assessment of carpal bones alignment and ulnar translocation of carpal bones.

Results
This study included 20 patients with a mean age of 27.9 ± 5.5 years. At the last follow-up, the mean range of flexion/extension range of motion (% of normal side) improved from 52.8 ± 5.4% to 65.7 ± 11.1%, P = 0.002, the mean grip strength (% of normal side) improved from 54.6 ± 11.8% to 88.3 ± 12.4%, P = 0.001, the mean Mayo Wrist Score improved from 41.5 ± 8.2 to 81 ± 9.2, P = 0.002, and the mean VAS score reduced from 6.1 ± 1.6 to 0.6 ± 0.4, P = 0.004. The mean follow-up MCHR improved from 1.46 ± 0.11 to 1.59 ± 0.34, P = 0.112. The mean radioscaphoid angle improved from 63 ± 10º to 49 ± 6º, P = 0.011. The mean scapholunate angle increased from 32 ± 6º to 47 ± 8º, P = 0.004. The mean modified carpal-ulnar distance ratio was preserved and none of the patients developed ulnar translocation of the carpal bones. Radiological union was achieved in all patients.

Conclusions
Scapho-luno-capitate fusion with partial lunate excision and preservation of the proximal lunate surface is a valuable option for treating stage IIIA Kienböck’s disease, with satisfactory outcomes.
Level of evidence Level IV.
Trial registration Not applicable.
Alterations of the gut microbiome and metabolic profile in CVB3-induced mice acute viral myocarditis
Authors: Kong Qing , Chen Lili , Zeng Xiaochun , Lu Feiyu , Huang Yanlan , Wu Weifeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium. Evidence indicates that dysbiosis of gut microbiome and related metabolites intimately associated with cardiovascular diseases through the gut-heart axis.

Methods
We built mouse models of AVMC, then applied 16 S rDNA gene sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics to explore variations of gut microbiome and disturbances of cardiac metabolic profiles.

Results
Compared with Control group, analysis of gut microbiota showed lower diversity in AVMC, decreased relative abundance of genera mainly belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, and increased of phyla Proteobacteria. Metabolomics analysis showed disturbances of cardiac metabolomics, including 62 increased and 84 decreased metabolites, and mainly assigned to lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism. The steroid hormone biosynthesis, cortisol synthesis and secretion pathway were particularly enriched in AVMC. Among them, such as estrone 3-sulfate, desoxycortone positively correlated with disturbed gut microbiome.

Conclusion
In summary, both the structure of the gut microbiome community and the cardiac metabolome were significantly changed in AVMC. Our findings suggest that gut microbiome may participate in the development of AVMC, the mechanism may be related to its role in dysregulated metabolites such as steroid hormone biosynthesis.