bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact Morse index of radial solutions for semilinear elliptic equations with critical exponent on annuli
Authors: Miyamoto Yasuhito 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLet $$N\ge 3$$

N
≥
3

, $$R>\rho >0$$

R
>
ρ
>
0

and $$A_{\rho }:=\{x\in \mathbb {R}^N;\ \rho<|x|<R\}$$

A
ρ

:
=
{
x
∈

R

N

;

ρ
<
|
x
|
<
R
}

. Let $$U^{\pm }_{n,\rho }$$

U

n
,
ρ

±

, $$n\ge 1$$

n
≥
1

, be a radial solution with n nodal domains of $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \Delta U+|x|^{\alpha }|U|^{p-1}U=0 &{} \text {in}\ A_{\rho },\\ U=0 &{} \text {on}\ \partial A_{\rho }. \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

Δ
U
+

|
x
|

α

|
U
|

p
-
1

U
=
0

in

A
ρ

,

U
=
0

on

∂

A
ρ

.

We show that if $$p=\frac{N+2+2\alpha }{N-2}$$

p
=

N
+
2
+
2
α

N
-
2

, $$\alpha >-2$$

α
>
-
2

and $$N\ge 3$$

N
≥
3

, then $$U^{\pm }_{n,\rho }$$

U

n
,
ρ

±

is nondegenerate for small $$\rho >0$$

ρ
>
0

and the Morse index $${{\textsf{m}}}(U^{\pm }_{n,\rho })$$

m
(

U

n
,
ρ

±

)

satisfies $$\begin{aligned} {{\textsf{m}}}(U^{\pm }_{n,\rho }) =n\frac{(N+2\ell -1)(N+\ell -1)!}{(N-1)!\ell !} \quad \text {for small}\ \rho >0, \end{aligned}$$

m

(

U

n
,
ρ

±

)

=
n

(
N
+
2
ℓ
-
1
)
(
N
+
ℓ
-
1
)
!

(
N
-
1
)
!
ℓ
!

for small

ρ
>
0
,

where $$\ell =[\frac{\alpha }{2}]+1$$

ℓ
=
[

α
2

]
+
1

. Using Jacobi elliptic functions, we show that if $$(p,\alpha )=(3,N-4)$$

(
p
,
α
)
=
(
3
,
N
-
4
)

and $$N\ge 3$$

N
≥
3

, then the Morse index of a positive and negative solutions $${{\textsf{m}}}(U^{\pm }_{1,\rho })$$

m
(

U

1
,
ρ

±

)

is completely determined by the ratio $$\rho /R\in (0,1)$$

ρ
/
R
∈
(
0
,
1
)

. Upper and lower bounds for $${{\textsf{m}}}(U^{\pm }_{n,\rho })$$

m
(

U

n
,
ρ

±

)

, $$n\ge 1$$

n
≥
1

, are also obtained when $$(p,\alpha )=(3,N-4)$$

(
p
,
α
)
=
(
3
,
N
-
4
)

and $$N\ge 3$$

N
≥
3

.
Student-led clinics and ePROs to accelerate diagnosis and treatment of patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results from a prospective pilot study
Authors: von Rohr Sophie , Knitza Johannes , Grahammer Manuel , Schmalzing Marc , Kuhn Sebastian , Schett Georg , Ramming Andreas , Labinsky Hannah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe aimed to investigate (1) student-led clinics and (2) electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) to accelerate diagnosis and treatment of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Patients with suspected axSpA completed an initial student-led clinic visit (T-1) prior to their planned actual rheumatologist visit (T0). Acceleration of patient appointment and NSAID therapy start, availability of diagnostic findings, and treatment response at T0 were evaluated. Beginning at T-1, patients completed electronic BASDAI questionnaires every 2 weeks. Concordance of paper-based and electronic BASDAI was evaluated. Patient acceptance of ePRO reporting and student-led clinics was measured using the net promoter score (NPS). 17/36 (47.2%) included patients were diagnosed with axSpA. Student-led clinics (T-1) significantly accelerated patient appointments by more than 2 months (T0, T-1, p < 0.0001) and axSpA guideline-conform NSAID treatment (p < 0.0001). At T0, diagnostic workup was completed for all patients and 7/17 (41.2%) axSpA patients presented with a clinically important improvement or were in remission. 34/36 (94.4%) patients completed at least 80% of the ePROs between T-1 and T0. Electronic and paper-administered BASDAI correlated well (r = 0.8 p < 0.0001). Student-led clinics and ePROs were well accepted by patients with NPS scores of + 62.0% (mean ± SD 9.2/10.0 ± 0.9) and + 30.5% (mean ± SD 8.0/10.0 ± 1.7), respectively. In conclusion, student-led clinics and ePRO monitoring were well accepted, accelerated diagnostic workup and treatment in patients with axSpA.
The circadian and photoperiodic clock of the pea aphid
Authors: Colizzi Francesca Sara , Martínez-Torres David , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is a paradigmatic photoperiodic species that exhibits a remarkable annual life cycle, which is tightly coupled to the seasonal changes in day length. During spring and summer, characterised by longer days, aphid populations consist exclusively of viviparous females that reproduce parthenogenetically. When autumn comes and the days shorten, aphids switch their reproductive mode and generate males and oviparous sexual females, which mate and produce cold-resistant eggs that overwinter and survive the unfavourable season. While the photoperiodic responses have been well described, the nature of the timing mechanisms which underlie day length discrimination are still not completely understood. Experiments from the 1960’s suggested that aphids rely on an ‘hourglass’ clock measuring the elapsed time during the dark night by accumulating a biochemical factor, which reaches a critical threshold at a certain night length and triggers the switch in reproduction mode. However, the photoperiodic responses of aphids can also be attributed to a strongly dampened circadian clock. Recent studies have uncovered the molecular components and the location of the circadian clock in the brain of the pea aphid and revealed that it is well connected to the neurohormonal system controlling aphid reproduction. We provide an overview of the putative mechanisms of photoperiodic control in aphids, from the photoreceptors involved in this process to the circadian clock and the neuroendocrine system.
Costs of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer treatment in Finland
Authors: Tikkanen Juhana , Nieminen Teija , Lassus Patrik , Tenhunen Mikko , Lehtonen Lasse , Mäkitie Antti 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) can be treated with definitive (chemo)radiotherapy ((C)RT) or primary surgical treatment (PST) with or without postoperative oncologic treatment. The prognosis of OPSCC does not essentially depend on the treatment modality, which allows to consider secondary decision-making aspects such as treatment costs when recommending an individual treatment modality. We attempted to analyze the costs associated with definitive (C)RT and PST in the treatment of OPSCC in Finland.

Materials and methods
We included 73 patients diagnosed with OPSCC at the Helsinki University Hospital (HUS) (Helsinki, Finland) in 2019 and 2020. Treatment costs were defined as the costs incurred in the specialized medical care during the first 12 months after the diagnosis was established.

Results
Definitive RT and definitive CRT were on a 1-year horizon associated with median costs of approximately 10 700€ and 13 300€, respectively; while, the median costs of PST equaled about 40 600€. The costs of definitive (C)RT mostly consisted of the costs of (chemo)radiotherapy sessions; while, the operating room costs and the costs of intensive care and stay on a ward drove the costs of PST.

Conclusions
PST is associated with 2–3 times higher median costs than definitive (C)RT in Finland. The finding differs from the results previously reported in North America, which is related, e.g., to differences in the treatment practices as well as in the regulation of the health care systems.
The prevalence of self-injury in adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Farkas Bernadett Frida , Takacs Zsofia K. , Kollárovics Nóra , Balázs Judit 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the past 10 years, there has been a growing interest in self-injurious behavior (SIB) among adolescents. The lifetime prevalence of SIB is between 16 and 22% in community sample with females more likely to engage in SIB. There are conflicting results about the global distribution of the prevalence of SIB and whether the SIB has increased in the 21st century. Our aim in the current study was to conduct a systematic search of and meta-analysis on the prevalence of SIB in adolescents over the past 5 years’ worth of published papers and to examine gender, continental, and year differences. We conducted a systematic search in June 2020 of six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, OVID Medline, PsycINFO, EBSCO) with three main search terms: “self-injurious behavior,” “prevalence,” and “adolescence.” Article inclusion criteria were (a) written in English; (b) published between January 1, 2015, and June 18, 2020; and (c) focused on a community sample. Titles and abstracts of the articles were screened first. Then, the relevant full texts were read, and those that met the inclusion criteria were collected. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to conduct the analyses. After the screening process 97, articles were included in the meta-analysis. The age of the samples ranged from 11.00 to 18.53 years. The overall average prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in the studies was 16%. There was a significant gender difference: females reported a higher prevalence than males (19.4% and 12.9%, respectively). A significantly higher prevalence was found among Asian articles than those from other continents (19.5% and 14.7%, respectively). The prevalence of SIB did not change significantly between 2013 and 2018. The current research draws attention to the high prevalence of SIB among adolescents, especially among females and those living in Asia. It is important to address this behavior, both in terms of prevention and intervention.
A simple electrodeposition problem and the abundant knowledge it subserves to teach
Authors: Péter László 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a handful of electrochemical experiments related to one single system that opens up the way to teach a bunch of topics related to physical and inorganic chemistry, hence serving experience-oriented education of otherwise hard-to-understand fields. The key idea is the electrodeposition of metals from the same bath containing Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions onto electrodes that differ from each other either in size or position within the electrochemical cell. With the proper optimization of the current densities, pure Cu and a Ni-rich coating with shiny silver colour can be obtained on electrodes of large and small surface area, respectively. It will be explained in detail how to drive the discussion on the experiment so that the audience learns which processes can be treated as parallel ones (i.e. the deposition of two metals, Cu and Ni), the mass transport taking place in serial with the electrochemical reaction, and the occurrence of the mass transport limitation in an electrode process. Didactic aspects of the experiment are presented for both high school and undergraduate levels, and control experiments are also suggested to verify the conclusions achieved. Collateral topics of chemistry and materials science that can be brought up in connection with the experiment are also enumerated.
Cost-effectiveness model of trastuzumab deruxtecan as second-line treatment in HER2-positive unresectable and/or metastatic breast cancer in Finland
Authors: Paulissen Jeroen H. J. , Seddik Ahmed H. , Dunton Kyle J. , Livings Christopher J. , van Hulst Marinus , Postma Maarten J. , de Jong Lisa A. , Freriks Roel D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) was recently recommended by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use as a treatment for adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, who had received a prior anti-HER2-based regimen. In our study, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of T-DXd compared with ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) for this indication in Finland.

Methods
A three-state partitioned survival analysis model was developed with a payer’s perspective. Time to event data from the DESTINY-Breast03 (DB-03) trial were extrapolated over a lifetime horizon either directly—for progression-free survival and time to treatment discontinuation—or using an alternative approach utilizing long-term T-DM1 survival data and DB-03 data—for overall survival. Discount rates of 3% were applied for costs and effects. Inputs were sourced from the Medicinal Products Database from Kela, Helsinki University Hospital service price list, Finnish Medicines Agency assessments, clinical experts, and DB-03. Sensitivity analyses were performed to characterize and demonstrate parameter uncertainties in the model.

Results
Total quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and life years (LYs) gained for T-DXd compared with T-DM1 were 1.93 and 2.56, respectively. Incremental costs for T-DXd compared with T-DM1 were €106,800, resulting in an ICER of €55,360 per QALY gained and an ICER of €41,775 per LY gained. One-way sensitivity analysis showed the hazard ratio of T-DXd vs T-DM1 for OS was the most influential parameter. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed similar results to the base case.

Conclusions
T-DXd is cost-effective based on surrogate WTP thresholds of €72,000 and €139,000 per QALY.
Troponin dependent 30-day mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Sonne-Holm Emilie , Winther-Jensen Matilde , Bang Lia E. , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil , Carlsen Jørn , Kjaergaard Jesper 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground: Troponin concentrations above upper reference are associated with increased mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to assess whether risk of 30-day mortality increases in a dose-response relationship with concentration of troponin. Methods: Using Danish national registries, we identified patients ≥ 18 years of age hospitalized with first-time PE between 2013 and 2018 and available troponin measurements − 1/+1 day from admission. Patients were stratified into quintiles by increasing troponin concentration. Risk of 30-day mortality was assessed performing cumulative mortality curves and Cox regression model comparing the troponin quintiles. Results: We identified 5,639 PE patients of which 3,278 (58%) had a troponin concentration above upper reference. These patients were older (74 years), 50% male and with heavier comorbidity compared to patients with non-elevated troponin. We found increasing 30-day mortality with increasing troponin concentration (1% in 1st quintile (95% CI 0.5–1.5%), 2% in 2nd quintile (95% CI 1-2.5%), 8% in 3rd quintile (95% CI 5–9%), 11% in 4th quintile (95% CI 9–13%) and 15% in 5th quintile (95% CI 13–16%), confirmed in a Cox model comparing 1st quintile with 2nd quintile (HR 1.09; 95% CI 0.58–2.02), 3rd quintile (HR 3.68; 95% CI 2.20–6.15), 4th quintile (HR 5.51; 95% CI 3.34–9.10) and 5th quintile (HR 8.09; 95% CI 4.95–13.23). Conclusion: 30-day mortality was strongly associated with troponin concentration useful for improving risk stratification, treatment strategies and outcomes in PE patients.
WNT ligands in non-small cell lung cancer: from pathogenesis to clinical practice
Authors: Xue Wanting , Cai Lihong , Li Su , Hou Yujia , Wang Yan-Dong , Yang Dongbin , Xia Yubing , Nie Xiaobo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and leading cause of death worldwide, whereas its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Although mutations in some crucial genes in WNT pathways such as β-catenin and APC are not common in NSCLC, the abnormal signal transduction of WNT pathways is still closely related to the occurrence and progression of NSCLC. WNT ligands (WNTs) are a class of secreted glycoproteins that activate WNT pathways through binding to their receptors and play important regulatory roles in embryonic development, cell differentiation, and tissue regeneration. Therefore, the abnormal expression or dysfunction of WNTs undoubtedly affects WNT pathways and thus participates in the pathogenesis of diseases. There are 19 members of human WNTs, WNT1, WNT2, WNT2b, WNT3, WNT3a, WNT4, WNT5a, WNT5b, WNT6, WNT7a, WNT7b, WNT8a, WNT8b, WNT9a, WNT9b, WNT10a, WNT10b, WNT11 and WNT16. The expression levels of WNTs, binding receptors, and activated WNT pathways are diverse in different tissue types, which endows the complexity of WNT pathways and multifarious biological effects. Although abundant studies have reported the role of WNTs in the pathogenesis of NSCLC, it still needs further study as therapeutic targets for lung cancer. This review will systematically summarize current research on human WNTs in NSCLC, from molecular pathogenesis to potential clinical practice.
Simultaneous posthydrolysis and liquid–liquid extraction: a SIMPLLE process to detoxify eucalyptus prehydrolysis liquor
Authors: Almhofer Lukas , Paulik Christian , Bischof Robert H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe prehydrolysis liquor from the prehydrolysis Kraft process is rich in sugars and could thus serve as a sustainable feedstock for the production of various chemicals. However, its industrial utilization is impeded by the presence of fermentation inhibitors and extensive lignin precipitation, the latter receiving only little attention in the literature.In order to provide a feedstock suitable for biotechnological or chemical conversion, the prehydrolysis liquor from eucalyptus wood must be detoxified whilst preventing the precipitation of lignin. To increase the yield of monomeric sugars, acid posthydrolysis should be investigated.Various solvents and solvent mixtures were screened for the high temperature liquid–liquid extraction of isothermally separated prehydrolysis liquor. Their capability to prevent lignin precipitation and to extract fermentation inhibitors was assessed using mass balances and size-exclusion chromatography. Based on the solvent screening, a process for simultaneous posthydrolysis and liquid–liquid extraction of eucalyptus prehydrolysis liquor was proposed and investigated using statistic experimental design.Liquid–liquid extraction using aliphatic alcohols effectively prevents lignin precipitation, and the addition of 25% (w/w) tri-n-octylamine was found to increase the overall inhibitor extraction efficiency. The conditions for the simultaneous posthydrolysis were investigated using a Box-Behnken experimental design, allowing for a maximum monomeric sugar yield of 83.0% at a sugar purity of 91.6%.The simultaneous posthydrolysis and liquid-liquid extraction (SIMPLLE) process thus avoids industrial-level problems associated with lignin precipitation. It provides a carbohydrate-rich stream with low levels of fermentation inhibitors, enabling further conversion to value added products.
Do guided mosque tours alleviate the prejudice of non-Muslims against Islam and Muslims? Evidence from a quasi-experimental panel study from Germany
Authors: Janzen Olga , Diekmann Isabell , Tsolak Dorian , Salentin Kurt 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Anti-Muslim and anti-Islam attitudes are widespread in contemporary western societies. A grassroots movement of mosques tries to reduce prejudice by organizing guided mosque tours for non-Muslims. While this is an opportunity for intergroup contact in a social psychological sense, contact occurs under sometimes difficult conditions. As yet, its effects have not been investigated empirically.

Objective
We examine (a) whether visits have an immediate and medium-term effect on prejudice toward Islam and (b) how they change the visitors’ subjective images of Muslims.

Methods
(a) We survey N = 324 secondary school students in a three-wave panel study in 6 guided mosque tours in different parts of Germany, including a control sample. The tour programme was in line with common practice in the mosques. Standardized measurements were taken immediately before and after the tour and again several months later. (b) We asked about subjective images of Muslims and had subjects report their spontaneous associations with the term Muslim.

Results
(a) Most, but not all, mosque visits significantly alleviate anti-Islam prejudice in the short term. The effects fall off after several months. (b) After the visit, the image of Muslims possessed more concrete religious content, while negative and menacing associations, such as oppression of women, threat, or so-called Islamic State have decreased.

Conclusions
Outgroup contact in a mosque works as predicted by the intergroup contact research, even under less than optimal conditions. However, there is potential for improvement of the setup of tours in the interest of a more sustainable impact.
Cheetah spatiotemporal overlap with other large carnivores and prey at camera-trap sites: do they fit the niche-complementarity hypothesis?
Authors: Cornhill Kristina L. , Balme Guy A. , Hunter Luke T. B. , Kerley Graham I. H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn guilds, such as the large predators, species compete over multiple resources that are both consumable and non-consumable. The niche complementary hypothesis states that competitors can overlap in resource use if there is low overlap for at least one shared resource. In Africa, cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus, compete with other large carnivores across space, time and prey and are known to be subordinate; however, rarely has the entire guild been considered when assessing resource partitioning by cheetah. Using camera-trap data from four areas sampled over 4 years, we compared spatial and temporal overlap between cheetah and other large carnivores. Moreover, we estimated short-term avoidance of sites by cheetah after another large carnivore had visited. We show that cheetah align with the niche complementary hypothesis to avoid other large carnivores. Cheetah experienced high overlap with African wild dog, Lycaon pictus, activity patterns but avoided sites that were used frequently by them. The inverse was observed for lion, Panthera leo, and spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, with cheetah avoiding them across time but not space. Cheetah experienced moderate overlap with leopard, Panthera pardus, across both space and time, with only possible short-term avoidance occurring. Finally, cheetah exhibited high levels of spatial and temporal overlap with preferred prey species, suggesting a novel demonstration of the trade-off between resource acquisition and predator avoidance. Our results showcase the importance of taking multiple scales and resource axes into consideration when determining species abilities to co-exist and provides tools for managers working in highly managed systems.
Technical challenges and perception: does AI have a PR issue?
Authors: Oldfield Marie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Increasingly, models have been highlighted that not only disadvantage society but those whom the model was originally designed to benefit. An increasing number of legal challenges around the world illustrates this. A surge of recent work has focussed on the technical, legal or regulatory challenges but not necessarily the real-world day to day challenges for practitioners such as data collection or fairness by design. Since the publication of the Holstein et al.’s study in 2019, additional legislation, regulation and multiple bodies have been created to address practitioner challenge. This study asks what, if anything, has improved for practitioners between 2019 and 2022. Study 1 conducts an investigation into real-world needs within industry and asks whether practitioners are now able to mitigate challenges in a more robust manner. A further pilot study on the perception of AI examines whether perception of AI impacts practitioner work. The results show increasing and continuing interdisciplinary issues. Where increased regulation and legislation might have seemed reasonable, the result for practitioners is indecision and overwhelm. Based on these findings, we highlight directions for future research in this area. The most problematic area being human factors.