bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of weather nowcasting convolutional neural network extrapolators in cardiacPETimaging
Authors: Sloka Scott 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlgorithms to predict short‐term changes in local weather modalities have been used in meteorology for many years. These algorithms predict the temporospatial change in the movement of weather patterns such as cloud cover or precipitation. This paper extends convolutional neural network models for weather prediction/nowcasting to predict evolution in the extrapolation of sequentially acquired count data seen with cardiac positron tomography (PET) data to expected value temporally rather than spatially.MethodsSix different algorithms used for nowcasting were modified and applied to confirm the approach. These algorithms were trained on an image data set of both simulated ellipsoids and simulated cardiac PET data. The peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity (SSIM) were calculated for each of these trained models. They were compared to the BM3D denoising algorithm as a baseline comparison to a standard method of image denoising.ResultsMost of the implemented algorithms showed a significant improvement in both PSNR and SSIM when compared with the baseline standard, especially when the algorithms were implemented in combination. The best results were obtained with a combination of the ConvLSTM and TrajGRU algorithms with a PSNR improvement over the standard of 5 and more than double the SSIM metric.ConclusionThis approach of using serially acquired count data to extrapolate a future expected representation through convolutional neural networks has been shown to produce accurate representations of the expected value when compared with a baseline analytic methodology. This paper confirms that algorithms such as these can be used to substantially improve image estimation and shows significant improvement over a baseline standard.
A real‐world retrospective observational study exploring resource use for secondary care management of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents at a single site in Ireland
Authors: Irvine Alan D. , Surendranathan Thishi , Hennessy Liz , Rajkovic Ivana , Durkan Annette , Coughlan Dearbhla , Conlon Sean , Hudson Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundManagement of paediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) remains challenging, and presents a considerable healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) burden.ObjectivesTo describe secondary HCRU for children and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD in Ireland.MethodsThis was a single‐centre chart review of children (age 6–11 years) and adolescents (age 12–17 years) with clinician‐confirmed moderate‐to‐severe AD. Eligible patients were selected consecutively, starting with the most recently consulting patient, and working backwards until patient identification for the study was complete. From first secondary care appointment post 1 January 2014, at least 12 months' medical record data were abstracted, including patient demographics/clinical characteristics, treatments, HCRU, and patient‐reported outcomes.ResultsData were abstracted for 31 patients (22 children). Mean (SD) duration of observation was 4.4 (1.9) years. Most patients (74.2%) had severe AD at first referral, a mean (SD) of 2.7 (1.5) comorbid conditions, 2.2 (1.1) patient‐reported flare episodes/patient/year‐of‐observation, and 18.5 (12.2) tests/scans/procedures/patient/year‐of‐observation. Patients had tried a mean (SD) of 7.9 (5.3) treatments/patient/year‐of‐observation. Topical corticosteroids (TCS; 48.5% of prescriptions) were most frequently prescribed. Mean (SD) use (duration) of TCS, nonsteroidal topicals (tacrolimus, 4.1% of prescriptions), systemic corticosteroids (prednisolone, 2.2%), and systemic immunosuppressants (10.7%, of which methotrexate was 68.2%) was 38.6 (41.1), 54.4 (41.1), 2.0 (3.1), and 27.6 (21.1) months. Mean (SD) consultations/patient/year‐of‐observation was 15.3 (6.3); 28 (5.9%) for flare. Eight (25.8%) patients were hospitalised (including six children). There were 0.03 hospitalisations/patient/year‐of‐observation, and 4.4 nights spent in hospital, mostly for flare. Earliest mean (SD) Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index score was 9.7 (6.2); latest was 6.6 (5.5).ConclusionThis is the first study examining paediatric AD HCRU in an Irish healthcare setting. Moderate‐to‐severe paediatric AD results in complex treatment, with high healthcare burden in hospital outpatient care. Despite treatment and a low hospitalisation rate, patients experience flare, lengthy hospital stays, and minor changes in quality of life.
Usefulness of a newly developed endoscope for the observation of the posterior tracheal wall
Authors: Tamai Tomoe , Yoshimi Kanako , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Yanagida Ryosuke , Okumura Takuma , Yamaguchi Kohei , Ishii Miki , Nagasawa Yuki , Tohara Haruka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveVideoendoscopic evaluation of swallowing is an objective swallowing function evaluation method used in dysphagia rehabilitation. However, it is anatomically difficult to detect the entry of foreign substances through the posterior tracheal wall using a conventional endoscope (CE). In this study, we developed an endoscope that can observe the posterior tracheal wall and investigated its reliability and validity in healthy adults.MethodsTwenty healthy adults were included. The trachea was observed from inside the larynx using a CE and a portable, flexible two‐step angulation endoscope (two‐AE) with a two‐step curved shaft tip. The visibility of the anterior and posterior walls was recorded. The time from the endoscope tip entering the larynx to the posterior tracheal wall was measured. Additionally, discomfort events were assessed after the examination. McNemar's test and a paired t‐test were used for statistical analysis. Kappa coefficients and concordance rates were calculated.ResultsThe anterior tracheal wall was observed using both endoscopes. The posterior tracheal wall was significantly observed in 18 participants with the two‐AE (p < .001), compared to only three of 20 participants with the CE. The time to observation of the posterior tracheal wall for examiners 1 and 2 was 13.3 ± 6.5 and 12.0 ± 6.7 s, respectively, with no difference between groups (p = .400). The kappa coefficients of examiners 1 and 2 and between the examiners were 0.444, 0.643, and 0.643, respectively, with concordance rates of 90%, 95%, and 95%, respectively.ConclusionRegardless of the examiner's years of experience, we observed that the two‐AE could observe the posterior tracheal wall.Level of EvidenceStep 5.
The Rotational Doppler Effect of Twisted Photons in Scattered Fields
Authors: Zhai Yanwang , Fan Jingtao , Qiao Hui , Zhou Tiankuang , Wu Jiamin , Dai Qionghai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlong with broad applications of the linear Doppler effect, the rotational Doppler effect (RDE) of a structured light source carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attracted significant attention for applications ranging from optical sensors to Doppler cooling. However, the high‐purity structured source's low energy efficiency and unknown optimal OAM parameters have significantly degraded the RDE's performance in previous work. Here, instead of utilizing an optical vortex source, the Doppler features are analyzed in scattered twisted photons carrying OAM with a common light source, and it is demonstrated that the RDE induced by a typical rotator can be extracted using a spiral phase spatial filter (SPSF) at the receiver. This model reveals that a rotating rough surface scatters abundant twisted photons carrying varied OAM values, and the OAM spectrum distribution is modulated by its angular coherence of spatial signature. Furthermore, common surfaces with different autocorrelation structures on received signals using the SPSF method are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Such a scheme facilitates rotator detection with a generalized nonvortex simple source and dozen–fold improved efficiency with robustness against noncoaxial problems. These demonstrations open a path for studying and applying scattered twisted photons during light detection.
Assessing the Severity of Cervical Dystonia: Ask the Doctor or Ask the Patient?
Authors: Cotton Adam C. , Scorr Laura , McDonald William , Comella Cynthia , Perlmutter Joel S. , Goetz Christopher G. , Jankovic Joseph , Marsh Laura , Factor Stewart , Jinnah H.A. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundAssessing disease severity can be performed using either clinician‐rated scales (CRS) or patient‐rated outcome (PRO) tools. These two measures frequently demonstrate poor correlations.ObjectivesTo determine if the correlation between a CRS and PRO for motor features of cervical dystonia (CD) improves by accounting for non‐motor features.MethodsSubjects with CD (N = 209) were evaluated using a CRS (Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, TWSTRS) and a PRO (Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile, CDIP‐58).ResultsLinear regression revealed a weak correlation between the two measures, even when considering only the motor subscales of each. The strength of this relationship improved with a regression model that included non‐motor symptoms of pain, depression, and disability.ConclusionsThese results argue that the results of motor assessments in a PRO for CD cannot be fully appreciated without simultaneous assessment of non‐motor co‐morbidities. This conclusion might apply to other disorders, especially those with frequent non‐motor co‐morbidities.
Evaluating efficient SENSE algorithms to deblur spiral MRI with fat/water separation
Authors: Chao Tzu Cheng , Peng Xi , Wang Dinghui , Pipe James G. 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe combination of SENSE and spiral imaging with fat/water separation enables high temporal efficiency. However, the corresponding computation increases due to the blurring/deblurring operation across the multi‐channel data. This study presents two alternative models to simplify computational complexity in the original full model (model 1). The performances of the models are evaluated in terms of the computation time and reconstruction error.MethodsTwo approximated spiral MRI reconstruction models were proposed: the comprehensive blurring before coil operation (model 2) and the regional blurring before coil operation (model 3), respectively, by altering the order of coil‐sensitivity encoding process to distribute signals among the multi‐channel coils. Four subjects were recruited for scanning both fully sampled T1‐ and T2‐weighted brain image data with simulated undersampling for testing the computational efficiency and accuracy on the approximation models.ResultsBased on the examples, the computation time can be reduced to 31%–47% using model 2, and to 39%–56% using model 3. The quality of the water image remains unchanged among the three models, whereas the primary difference in image quality is in the fat channel. The fat images from model 3 are consistent with those from model 1, but those from model 2 have higher normalized error, differing by up to 4.8%.ConclusionModel 2 provides the fastest computation but exhibits higher error in the fat channel, particularly in the high field and with long acquisition window. Model 3, an abridged alternative, is also faster than the full model and can maintain high accuracy in reconstruction.
Reducing the ambiguity of field inhomogeneity and chemical shift effect for fat–water separation by field factor
Authors: Peng Hao , Cheng Chuanli , Wan Qian , Liang Dong , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Zou Chao 
Published: June 2023

PurposeTo reduce the ambiguity between chemical shift and field inhomogeneity with flexible TE combinations by introducing a variable (field factor).Theory and MethodsThe ambiguity between chemical shift and field inhomogeneity can be eliminated directly from the multiple in‐phase images acquired at different TEs; however, it is only applicable to few echo combinations. In this study, we accommodated such an implementation in flexible TE combinations by introducing a new variable (field factor). The effects of the chemical shift were removed from the field inhomogeneity in the candidate solutions, thus reducing the ambiguity problem. To validate this concept, multi‐echo MRI data acquired from various anatomies with different imaging parameters were tested. The derived fat and water images were compared with those of the state‐of‐the‐art fat–water separation algorithms.ResultsRobust fat–water separation was achieved with the accurate solution of field inhomogeneity, and no apparent fat–water swap was observed. In addition to the good performance, the proposed method is applicable to various fat–water separation applications, including different sequence types and flexible TE choices.ConclusionWe propose an algorithm to reduce the ambiguity of chemical shift and field inhomogeneity and achieved robust fat–water separation in various applications.
Variational multiscale super‐resolution: A data‐driven approach for reconstruction and predictive modeling of unresolved physics
Authors: Pradhan Aniruddhe , Duraisamy Karthik 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe variational multiscale (VMS) formulation formally segregates the evolution of the coarse‐scales from the fine‐scales. VMS modeling requires the approximation of the impact of the fine‐scales in terms of the coarse‐scales. In linear problems, our formulation reduces the problem of learning the subscales to learning the projected element Green's function basis coefficients. For this approximation, a special neural‐network structure—the variational super‐resolution N‐N (VSRNN)—is proposed. The VSRNN constructs a super‐resolution model of the unresolved scales as a sum‐of‐the‐products of individual functions of coarse‐scales and physics‐informed parameters. Combined with a set of locally nondimensional features obtained by normalizing the input coarse‐scale and output subscale basis coefficients, the VSRNN provides a general framework for the discovery of closures for different Galerkin discretizations. By training it on a sequence of projected data and using the subscale to compute the continuous Galerkin subgrid terms, and the super‐resolved state to compute the discontinuous Galerkin fluxes, we improve the optimality and the accuracy of these methods for the convection‐diffusion and linear advection problems. Finally, we demonstrate that the VSRNN allows generalization to out‐of‐sample initial conditions and nondimensional numbers.
Long‐term effects of asparaginase‐associated pancreatitis
Authors: Skipper Mette Tiedemann , Albertsen Birgitte Klug , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Andrés‐Jensen Liv 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPancreatitis is a common and severe toxicity that occurs during asparaginase treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and has received increasing attention during the last decades. However, no consensus regarding follow‐up exists. In this commentary, we highlight potential long‐term health‐related effects following asparaginase‐associated pancreatitis, thereby providing clinicians with a framework when following these patients during and after cessation of therapy.
Application of topical gentamicin ointment in the treatment of Nagashima‐type palmoplantar keratosis in children with a nonsense mutation
Authors: Wang Shan , Yang Zhou , Liu Ying , Zhang Huan , Liu Zongyang , Wang Xiaoling , Li Ying , Liu Haihong , Yang Yonghong , Ma Lin 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTImportanceNagashima‐type palmoplantar keratosis (NPPK) is a hereditary dermatosis mostly caused by a nonsense mutation in SERPINB7. Despite the increasing interest in readthrough gentamicin treatment of NPPK, clinical evidence for this treatment is limited.ObjectiveThis study aimed to provide further evidence for the use of topical gentamicin in the treatment of NPPK in children with nonsense mutations.MethodsWe designed a bilaterally controlled study of topical gentamicin ointment. Children diagnosed with NPPK carrying nonsense mutations were enrolled in this study. A 0.1% gentamicin ointment was applied to one hand and an emollient to the other for 3 months. A bilateral comparison of the visual analog scale scores for clinical manifestations and safety was performed.ResultsTen children with NPPK were included in this study. In comparison with the emollient side, the topical gentamicin side showed significant improvements in hyperkeratosis, erythema, maceration, and desquamation after 1 and 3 months of treatment (P < 0.05). However, hyperhidrosis and odor did not improve significantly. No adverse events were observed during the systemic safety monitoring examinations.InterpretationTopical gentamicin ointment showed good safety in the treatment of NPPK with nonsense mutations, indicating that it is a promising therapeutic choice in children with NPPK.
Bovine milk‐derived extracellular vesicles enhance doxorubicin sensitivity in triple negative breast cancer cells by targeting metabolism and STAT signalling
Authors: Sanwlani Rahul , Kang Taeyoung , Gummadi Sriram , Nedeva Christina , Ang Ching‐Seng , Mathivanan Suresh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a low 5‐year survival rate of below 30% with systemic chemotherapy being the most widely used treatment. Bovine milk‐derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have been previously demonstrated to have anti‐cancer attributes. In this study, we isolated bovine MEVs from commercial milk and characterised them according to MISEV guidelines. Bovine MEVs sensitised TNBC cells to doxorubicin, resulting in reduced metabolic potential and cell‐viability. Label‐free quantitative proteomics of cells treated with MEVs and/or doxorubicin suggested that combinatorial treatment depleted various pro‐tumorigenic interferon‐inducible gene products and proteins with metabolic function, previously identified as therapeutic targets in TNBC. Combinatorial treatment also led to reduced abundance of various STAT proteins and their downstream oncogenic targets with roles in cell‐cycle and apoptosis. Taken together, this study highlights the ability of bovine MEVs to sensitise TNBC cells to standard‐of‐care therapeutic drug doxorubicin, paving the way for novel treatment regimens.
Recent advances in covalent organic polymers‐based thin films as memory devices
Authors: Zhou Pan‐Ke , Yu Hongling , Li Yiping , Yu Hong , Chen Qian , Chen Xiong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCovalent organic polymers (COPs) have emerged as a promising class of materials for memory devices due to their unique electronic properties and potential for tunability. This review highlights recent advances in the field of COPs‐based thin films for memory applications, with a focus on the synthesis and characterization of COP thin films, their electronic properties, and their performance as memory devices. The potential of COPs‐based thin films as flexible memory devices is also discussed. Overall, the recent progress in COPs‐based thin films for memory applications suggests that these materials may have a significant impact on the development of next‐generation memory technologies.
Disparities in prevalence and outcomes of respiratory disease in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo provide a comprehensive overview of disparities in prevalence and outcomes of respiratory diseases and notable challenges for providing optimal treatment to pediatric patients with respiratory diseases living in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), as an input to help better understand the roots of respiratory health disparities.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of relevant literature published in electronic databases from inception to February 2023 that present data on disparities in prevalence and outcomes of respiratory disease in LMICs. Additionally, we included studies that describe and discuss challenges for providing optimal treatment to pediatric patients with respiratory diseases living in LMICs.ResultsA number of early life exposures have been associated with adverse respiratory outcomes in later life. Several studies have shown marked geographical variations in the prevalence and burden of pediatric asthma, with consistently lower prevalence rates but significantly higher burdens and worse outcomes in LMICs. There is a wide range of challenges that adversely affect the efficient care of children with respiratory diseases that can be classified into three categories: patient‐related factors, social/environmental factors, and factors related to healthcare providers or the healthcare system.ConclusionsRespiratory health disparities in children living in LMICs represent a global public health issue mainly explained by an unequal distribution of preventable and modifiable risk factors for respiratory diseases across different demographic groups.
Exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk of hospitalization for bronchiolitis in an urban environment: A 9‐year observational study
Authors: Dondi Arianna , Manieri Elisa , Betti Ludovica , Dormi Ada , Carbone Claudio , Biagi Carlotta , Pierantoni Luca , Zama Daniele , Paglione Marco , Lanari Marcello 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOutdoor air pollution is supposed to influence the course of bronchiolitis, but the evidence is limited. The present study aimed at evaluating the role of outdoor air pollutants on hospitalization for bronchiolitis.MethodsInfants aged ≤12 months referred for bronchiolitis to our Pediatric Emergency Department in Bologna, Italy, from 1 October 2011 to 16 March 2020 (nine epidemic seasons) were retrospectively included. Daily concentrations of benzene (C6H6), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ≤10 μm (PM10), and the mean values of individual patient exposure in the week and the 4 weeks before hospital access were calculated. The association between air pollutants exposure and hospitalization was evaluated through logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 2902 patients were enrolled (59.9% males; 38.7% hospitalized). Exposure to PM2.5 in the 4 weeks preceding bronchiolitis was identified as the main parameter significantly driving the risk of hospitalization (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.055 [1.010–1.102]). After stratifying by season, higher values of other outdoor air pollutants were found to significantly affect hospitalization: 4‐week exposure to C6H6 (Season 2011–2012, 4.090 [1.184–14.130]) and PM2.5 (Season 2017–2018, 1.282 [1.032–1.593]), and 1‐week exposure to C6H6 (Season 2012–2013, 6.193 [1.552–24.710]), NO2 (Season 2013–2014, 1.064 [1.009–1.122]), PM2.5 (Season 2013–2014, 1.080 [1.023–1.141]), and PM10 (Season 2018–2019, 1.102 [0.991–1.225]).ConclusionHigh levels of PM2.5, C6H6, NO2, and PM10 may increase the risk of hospitalization in children affected by bronchiolitis. Open‐air exposure of infants during rush hours and in the most polluted areas should be avoided.