bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subrepresentations in the homology of finite covers of graphs
Authors: Flamm Xenia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLet
$p \;:\; Y \to X$
be a finite, regular cover of finite graphs with associated deck group
$G$
, and consider the first homology
$H_1(Y;\;{\mathbb{C}})$
of the cover as a
$G$
-representation. The main contribution of this article is to broaden the correspondence and dictionary between the representation theory of the deck group
$G$
on the one hand and topological properties of homology classes in
$H_1(Y;\;{\mathbb{C}})$
on the other hand. We do so by studying certain subrepresentations in the
$G$
-representation
$H_1(Y;\;{\mathbb{C}})$
.The homology class of a lift of a primitive element in
$\pi _1(X)$
spans an induced subrepresentation in
$H_1(Y;\;{\mathbb{C}})$
, and we show that this property is never sufficient to characterize such homology classes if
$G$
is Abelian. We study
$H_1^{\textrm{comm}}(Y;\;{\mathbb{C}}) \leq H_1(Y;\;{\mathbb{C}})$
—the subrepresentation spanned by homology classes of lifts of commutators of primitive elements in
$\pi _1(X)$
. Concretely, we prove that the span of such a homology class is isomorphic to the quotient of two induced representations. Furthermore, we construct examples of finite covers with
$H_1^{\textrm{comm}}(Y;\;{\mathbb{C}}) \neq \ker\!(p_*)$
.
Effect of crude glycerin supplementation via drinking water on feed intake, water intake and productive performance of dairy ewes
Authors: Santos Felipe Santiago , de Sá Hemilly Cristina Menezes , de Lima Luciano Soares , Martins Tássia Ludmila Teles , Alvarenga Flávio Augusto Pereira , André Junior José , Guedes Luciana Freitas , Alves Leonardo de Rago Nery , Campolina Joana Palhares , Macedo Júnior Gilberto de Lima , Borges Iran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study was performed to determine the effects of crude glycerin (CG) supplementation in drinking water on DM and nutrient intake, milk production, milk composition, and serum glucose. Twenty multiparous Lacaune × East Friesian ewes were randomly distributed into four dietary treatments throughout the lactation cycle. Treatments consisted of doses of CG supplementation via drinking water as follows: (1) no CG supplementation, (2) 15.0 g CG/kg DM, (3) 30.0 g CG/kg DM, and (4) 45.0 g CG/kg DM. DM and nutrient intake were reduced linearly with CG supplementation. CG linearly reduced water intake when expressed as kg d−1. However, no effect of CG was observed when it was expressed as a percentage of body weight or metabolic body weight. The water to DM intake ratio was increased linearly with CG supplementation. No effect of CG doses on serum glucose was observed. The production of standardized milk decreased linearly with the experimental doses of CG. Protein, fat, and lactose yield were linearly reduced with the experimental doses of CG. Milk urea concentration was quadratically increased with CG doses. Feed conversion was quadratically increased by treatments during the pre-weaning period (P < 0.05), in which the worst values were observed when the ewes were supplemented with 15 and 30 g CG/kg DM. The N-efficiency was linearly increased with CG supplementation in drinking water. Our results suggest that dairy sheep can be supplemented with CG up to 15 g/kg DM in drinking water. Greater doses are not beneficial for feed intake, milk production, and the yield of milk components.
‘How to stop a nosebleed’: a combined objective and subjective assessment of YouTube videos on first-aid management of epistaxis
Authors: Devakumar Haran , Tailor Bhavesh V , Perkins Victoria , Ioannidis Dimitris 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveA previous study in 2016 found that the quality of YouTube videos on epistaxis first-aid management was highly variable. This study aimed to reassess the accuracy and patient understandability of such YouTube videos.MethodYouTube was searched using the phrase ‘How to stop a nosebleed’. The highest 50 ranking videos, based on relevance, were screened. Each video was assessed objectively using a standardised ‘advice score’, and subjectively using a video understandability and actionability checklist, the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (‘PEMAT-A/V’).ResultsThe mean advice score was 4.1 out of 8. The mean (standard deviation) understandability and actionability scores were 76 per cent (17 per cent) and 89 per cent (18 per cent), respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between the actionability scores and the advice scores (ρ = 0.634; p < 0.001), and between the actionability scores and the understandability scores (ρ = 0.519; p = 0.002).ConclusionYouTube videos are providing increasingly relevant advice for patients seeking healthcare information. YouTube is proposed as a useful medium for teaching epistaxis management to patients and community practitioners.
Complications and audiological results of percutaneous bone-anchored hearing devices
Authors: Succar Ana Carolina Soares , Sassi Tyuana Sandim da Silveira , Brito Neto Rubens Vuono de , Lourençone Luiz Fernando Manzoni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the post-operative complications and audiological results related to percutaneous bone-anchored hearing devices.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of 44 patients with bilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss who were implanted with unilateral Baha Connect or Ponto devices. A generalised linear model for repeated measurements was used.ResultsTwenty patients were Baha Connect users, and 24 were implanted with Ponto devices. Twenty-seven patients experienced complications. No fewer complications were found in the group of patients using longer abutments. When we compared the frequency of complications between Ponto and Baha Connect users, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.90). Free-field hearing thresholds were statistically significantly improved when we compared pre- and post-operative results (p < 0.001). Average speech perception also improved (p < 0.001).ConclusionDespite percutaneous bone-anchored hearing devices having a high rate of complications, they provide significant audiological benefits.
Government spending multipliers with the Real Cost channel
Authors: Nie He 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the benchmark New Keynesian (NK) model, I introduce the real cost channel to study government spending multipliers and provide simple Markov chain closed-form solutions. This model departs fundamentally from most previous interpretations of the nominal cost channel by flattening the NK Phillips Curve in liquidity traps. At the zero lower bound, I show analytically that following positive government spending shocks, the real cost channel can make inflation rise less than in a model without this channel. This then causes a smaller drop in real interest rates, resulting in a lower output gap multiplier. Finally, I confirm the robustness of the real cost channel’s effect on multipliers using extensions of two models.
Timescale of Emplacement and Rheomorphism of the Green Tuff Ignimbrite (Pantelleria, Italy)
Authors: Scarani A. , Faranda C. F. , Vona A. , Speranza F. , Giordano G. , Rotolo S. G. , Romano C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present a multidisciplinary study based on Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), paleomagnetic analysis, and numerical modeling to gain information on the timescales of syn‐ and post‐depositional ductile deformation of the strongly welded and rheomorphic Green Tuff ignimbrite (GT; Pantelleria, Italy). DSC measurements allow the determination of glass fictive temperatures (Tf; i.e., the parameter accounting for the cooling dependence of glass structure and properties). Using a Tf‐based geospeedometry procedure, we infer the cooling rate (qc) experienced by the glassy phases in different lithofacies within the GT formation. Glass shards from the basal pumice fall deposit record a fast qc of ∼10°C/s. In contrast, the ignimbrite body returns slow qc values depending on the stratigraphic position and lithofacies (basal/upper vitrophyres, fiamme‐rich and rheomorphic layers), ranging from ∼10−2 to ∼10−6 °C/s. Moreover, paleomagnetic analyses of the natural remanent magnetization of ignimbrite matrix and embedded lithic clasts indicate an emplacement temperature higher than 550–600°C. By integrating calorimetric and paleomagnetic datasets, we constrain a conductive cooling model, describing the ignimbrite's temperature‐time‐viscosity (T–t–η) evolution from the eruptive temperature to below Tf. Outcomes suggest that the upper and basal vitrophyres deformed and quenched over hours, indicating that the entire GT underwent intense syn‐depositional ductile deformation. Furthermore, the central body remained above Tf for a much longer timespan (>1 month), enabling post‐emplacement rheomorphic flow. Lastly, we discuss the critical role of mechanisms such as shear heating and retrograde solubility of volatiles, in locally controlling the rheological behavior of the GT.
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center Radiation Advisories for the International Civil Aviation Organization
Authors: Bain H. M. , Copeland K. , Onsager T. G. , Steenburgh R. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Space Weather Prediction Center (NOAA/SWPC) issues several solar radiation storm products: the long standing proton Warnings and Alerts that are based on particle intensity levels observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites; and the more recent International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) radiation advisories which specify effective dose rates at aviation flight levels. SWPC ICAO advisories are supported by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) CARI‐7A model. In this paper we use CARI‐7A modeling results for the Ground Level Enhancement 69 (GLE69) solar radiation storm which occurred on the 20th of January 2005 to demonstrate the ICAO advisory format. For the onset and peak of GLE69, we find that a severe (SEV) radiation advisory would have been issued for altitudes above 32,000 ft, for polar and mid latitude regions of the northern and southern hemisphere. At lower altitudes, down to 25,000 ft, the moderate (MOD) radiation threshold would have been exceeded. In total, 10 ICAO radiation advisories would have been issued over 6.5 hr. From the retrospective modeling of GLE69, and feedback from users, we identify ways in which the ICAO advisories should be improved.
The Impacts of El Niño Diversity on Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Blocking
Authors: McKenna Madeline , Karamperidou Christina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAtmospheric blocking events are persistent quasi‐stationary geopotential height anomalies that divert the jet stream from its climatological path in the mid‐ to high‐latitudes. Previous studies have found that different phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence the characteristics of blocking, but none have considered the spatial diversity of El Niño. In this study, we examine Northern Hemisphere blocking events with respect to the “Central Pacific” (CP) and “Eastern Pacific” (EP) flavors of El Niño in 83 years of ERA5 reanalysis. The two El Niño flavors have dissimilar patterns of forcing on atmospheric circulation that impact the strength and placement of the upper‐level jet stream, thus affecting blocking event frequency and duration. Significant contrasts in blocking characteristics between CP and EP years are disregarded when a single ENSO index is used, and we emphasize that El Niño flavors should be considered in future investigations of blocking and ENSO‐related variability.
Projection of Future Fire Emissions Over the Contiguous US Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence and CMIP6 Models
Authors: Wang Sally S.‐C. , Leung L. Ruby , Qian Yun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIncreasing temperature and water cycle changes due to warming climate may increase the frequency and intensity of wildfires. Fire emission projections are useful for informing strategies for adaptation and mitigation of fire impacts on societies and ecosystems. Here, we construct a neural network (NN) model explained by the Shapley Additive explanation to predict fire PM2.5 emissions change and understand their drivers over the contiguous US (CONUS) in the mid‐21st century under a high greenhouse gas emissions scenario (SSP5‐8.5). Using future meteorology and leaf area index (LAI) simulated by eight global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, future population density, and present‐day land use and land cover (LULC) as input to the NN model, the total fire PM2.5 emissions over CONUS are projected to increase by 4%–75% (model spread). Among different regions, fire emissions in the western US are projected to increase more significantly in June‐July‐August than in other seasons and regions, with the median ratios of future to present‐day fire emissions ranging from 1.67 to 2.86. The increases in fire emissions are mainly driven by increasing normalized temperature (23%–29%) and decreasing soil moisture (2%–10%) in the future. When future LULC change is considered, the projected fire emissions further increase by 58%–83% over the western US compared to projections without LULC change because of future increases in vegetation fraction. The results highlight the important role of warmer temperature, decreasing soil moisture, and LULC change in increasing fire emissions in the future.
Influence of the Late Ordovician‐Early Silurian Paleoenvironment and Related Geological Processes on the Organic Matter Accumulation and Carbon Isotope Excursion
Authors: Zhang Pengyuan , Wang Yongli , Wei Zhifu , Wang Gen , Zhang Ting , He Wei , Ma Xueyun , Ma He , Wei Jingyi , Zhu Chenxi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough previous studies have shown that the paleoenvironment and geological processes contributed to the organic matter accumulation (OMA) and carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) during the late Ordovician–early Silurian, the dominated controlling factor for the OMA and the origins of CIEs still remains unclear due to complex interaction between various paleoenvironmental factors and geological processes. Therefore, based on the elemental geochemistry of the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation shales in the upper Yangtze Platform, we analyzed the late Ordovician–early Silurian paleoenvironment and related geological processes, and further explored the origin of the OMA and CIEs. As a result, the Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation shale was divided into four stages. During Stage 1 (late Katian, ∼447.62–444.50 Ma), local tectonic and volcanic activities controlled the paleoproductivity and redox conditions, facilitating the OMA. By contrast, the productivity of the surface water and the anoxic bottom water were mainly controlled by the global climate after the Hirnantian glaciation, which contributed to the OMA during Stage 2 (early Rhuddanian, ∼444.50–441.00 Ma). The decreasing sea level and rapid uplifting of Xuefeng and Qianzhong Uplifts resulted in the organic matter depletion during Stages 3 (late Rhuddanian, ∼441.00–440.80 Ma) and 4 (Aeronian, ∼440.80–439.21 Ma). Besides, the release of 12C–enriched carbon reservoirs triggered by volcanic activities and 13C–enrichment caused by the OMA regulated the carbon cycling: the negative CIE may be the result of light carbon emissions, such as the reactivated organic matter and mantle derived carbon, and the Hirnantian CIE event is jointly controlled by the weakened carbon emission effect and the OMA.
Changes and protections of urban habitat quality in Shanghai of China
Authors: Xie Zi-Xia , Zhang Biao , Shi Yun-Ting , Zhang Xiu-Yu , Sun Zi-Xin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHabitat quality has been widely used as an important indicator in the evaluation of regional ecological security and ecosystem services. Previous studies have focused on the influences of urbanization on habitat quality, but the protection measures about how to respond to the dynamic changes of habitat quality patterns are still unclear. This study investigated the habitat quality in the metropolitan region of China (Shanghai) by using InVEST model, and analyzed its dynamic changes from 2000 to 2017 for the sake of providing different protection objects and measures for Shanghai. The results showed that the habitat quality index (HQI) in 2017 was 0.42, and the accumulated area percentages of less than 0.4 in HQI reached 46%, whereas the habitat quality in Chongming district was the highest. The HQI and habitat protected index (HPI) showed an obvious decline tendency from suburban area to downtown area. The HQI in Shanghai gradually declined from 0.56 in 2000 to 0.42 in 2017, and the deterioration area in habitat quality nearly covered 33% between 2000 and 2017. Additionally, the area proportion of the median habitat quality (0.4 < HQI ≤ 0.6) drastically dropped, but the areas of the low (HQI ≤ 0.2) and the high (HQI > 0.8) in habitat simultaneously expanded. Therefore, the valuable habitat in the western and southern coastal wetlands, Dianshan lake and Chongming district in Shanghai should be strictly protected, which covered 30% of the metropolitan area in Shanghai, and about 17% of the region located in the inner coastal zones and northern of Chongming Island was in urgent need of habitat restoration. Our results provide vital references for the maintenance and sustainable management of urban habitats in the metropolitan region.
Antihypertensive, antioxidant, and renal protective impact of integrated GJD with captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Mohammed Shadi A. D. , Liu Hanxing , Baldi Salem , Wang Yu , Chen Pingping , Lu Fang , Liu Shumin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHypertension is the most prevalent chronic disease World-wide, and the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few patients accomplish the objective of decreasing blood pressure and avoiding hypertensive target organ damage after treatments with antihypertensive agents which opens the door for other treatments, such as herbal-and antihypertensive combination therapy. Captopril (CAP), as a-pril which inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme has long been used in the management of hypertension and CVD. Gedan Jiangya Decoction (GJD) is known for antihypertensive effects in prior studies. The research is aimed to determine whether GJD in combination with captopril has antihypertensive, kidney protective, antioxidant, and vasoactive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Regular measurements of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and body weight were monitored weekly. H&E staining was utilized to examine histopathology. The combined effects were studied using ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR. Significant reductions in SBP, DBP, aortic wall thickness, and improvement in renal tissue were observed following GJD + CAP treatment, with increased serum levels of NO, SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and decreases in Ang II, ET-1, and MDA. Similarly, GJD + CAP treatment of SHR's significantly decreased ET-1 and AGTR1 mRNA and protein expression while increasing eNOS mRNA and protein expression in thoracic aorta and kidney tissue. In conclusion, the present investigation found that GJD + CAP treatment decreases SHR blood pressure, improves aorta remodeling and renal protection, and that this effect could be attributable, in part, due to antioxidant and vascular tone improvement.
Progesterone-mediated reversal of mifepristone-induced pregnancy termination in a rat model: an exploratory investigation
Authors: Camilleri Christina , Sammut Stephen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlobally, a substantial proportion of pregnancies end in induced (particularly medication) abortion. However, data also indicates a percentage of women who seek assistance in potentially reversing the medication abortion process. While previous literature has suggested the potential for progesterone-mediated reversal of mifepristone-induced abortion, this process has not been effectively investigated pre-clinically. Our study explored the potential reversal of mifepristone-induced pregnancy termination using progesterone in a rat model, following a clear initiation of pregnancy termination. Female Long–Evans rats were divided into three groups (n = 10–16/group): Pregnant control (M−P−), mifepristone-only/pregnancy termination (M+P−) and mifepristone + progesterone (M+P+). Drug/vehicle administration occurred on day 12 of gestation (first-trimester human equivalent). Rat weight was measured throughout gestation. Uterine blood, collected post-drug/vehicle administration, was analyzed spectrophotometrically to measure blood loss. Additionally, at the end of gestation (day 21), ultrasound was utilized to confirm pregnancy and measure fetal heart rate. Number of gestational sacs, uterine weights and diameters were obtained following tissue collection. Our results indicate that progesterone administration following initiation of mifepristone-induced pregnancy termination (indicated by weight loss and uterine bleeding) reversed the process in 81% of rats in the M+P+ group. Following the initial weight loss, these rats proceeded to gain weight at a similar rate to the M−P− group, in contrast to the continued decrease displayed by the M+P− group (and unsuccessful reversals). Moreover, while uterine blood loss was similar to that of the M+P− group (confirming pregnancy termination initiation), number of gestational sacs, uterine weights, diameters, approximate fetal weights and fetal heart rates were similar to the M−P− group. Thus, our results indicate a clear progesterone-mediated reversal of an initiated mifepristone-induced pregnancy termination in a rat model at first-trimester human equivalent, with resultant fully developed living fetuses at the end of gestation, clearly indicating the necessity for further pre-clinical investigation to assist in better informing the scientific/medical communities of the potential implications in humans.
Propagation of a dome-shaped, large-scale extreme-ultraviolet wave in the solar corona
Authors: Mann Gottfried , Veronig Astrid M. 
Published: July 2023

Context. The first observation of a dome-shaped extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave was recorded by the EUVI instrument on board the STEREO-B spacecraft on January 17, 2010. This observation has allowed us to study the three-dimensional propagation of a large-scale EUV wave in the solar corona, which is considered to be a manifestation of a large-amplitude magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave.
Aims. These unique observations by EUVI offer the opportunity to compare the theory of large-amplitude MHD waves with observations.
Methods. Nonlinear MHD equations were employed for describing large-amplitude fast magnetosonic waves in terms of so-called simple waves.
Results. Measuring the velocity of the EUV wave across the solar surface allows us to determine the quiet Sun’s magnetic field to be ≈3.2 G. This magnetic field can be extrapolated to the corona by means of magnetic flux conservation. Then, the height dependence of the Alfvén velocity can be calculated, adopting an isothermal, gravitationally stratified density model with a temperature of 1.4 MK for the quiet corona. The Alfvén velocity has a local maximum of ≈680 km s−1 at a height of ≈1030 Mm above the photosphere. The observations show that the EUV wave initially steepens and subsequently decays during its further evolution along the solar surface. This behavior can be aptly explained in terms of simple MHD waves. Initially, the wave front steepens due to nonlinear effects. Since the EUV waves are circularly or spherically propagating waves in the corona, their amplitudes are decreasing during the evolution. Hence, the wave steepening vanishes at the final state of the evolution of the EUV wave, which is consistent with the observations. In reality, the nature of the considered EUV wave is a combination of that of a circular and a spherical wave in the corona.
Conclusions. The propagation of this dome-shaped EUV wave can be well described by the theory of large amplitude (simple) MHD waves.