bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologie der Osteoporose
Authors: Schober Hans-Christof , Maus Uwe , Dimai Hans 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungOsteoporose ist eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen. Diese Erkrankung
führt zu Frakturen und tritt vorwiegend bei Älteren und beim
weiblichen Geschlecht auf. Ein steiler Anstieg der Frakturrate wird besonders
jenseits des 70.-igsten Lebensjahres beobachtet. Zwischen Österreich,
Deutschland und der Schweiz sind die Frakturraten ähnlich hoch.
Osteoporose führt zu einer deutlichen Einschränkung der
Lebensqualität und beträchtlichen Kosten.
Wärme, Kälte und Abwehr von Krankheitserregern
Authors: Brenke Rainer 
Published: May 2023

SummarySowohl Hitze als auch Kälte können helfen, die Gesundheit zu stabilisieren. Thermische Reize wirken sich positiv auf die Infektabwehr aus, indem sie den Körper „abhärten“. Sauna, Eisbaden und kleinere hydrotherapeutische Kaltreize haben verschiedene Wirkungen auf das Immunsystem. Eine Reihe von Studien belegen ihren Nutzen für die Abwehrkräfte bereits.
Aromatherapie für die Immunabwehr
Authors: Stadelmann Ingeborg , Hillert Gisela 
Published: May 2023

SummaryIn der Aromatherapie kommt eine Vielzahl an Düften zum Einsatz. Diese haben nachgewiesene Effekte auf den Körper und das seelische Wohlbefinden: Sie wirken stress- und angstlösend, belebend, können bei Schlafstörungen helfen und haben förderliche Wirkungen auf das Immunsystem. Aromatherapeut*innen setzen ätherische Öle (international: essential oils, abgekürzt EO) ein, zum Beispiel für Handeinreibungen, Saunagänge, Raumbeduftung oder Massage.
Immunsystem und Mikrobiota im Funktionellen Feld
Authors: Karthein Jutta M. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryDie Schleimhäute spielen eine wichtige Rolle für das Immunsystem. Verschiedene Schutzsysteme wahren ihre Integrität. Sie werden als „Funktionelles Feld“ beschrieben. Sich dieses Feld anzuschauen, kann die Diagnostik von verschiedenen Erkrankungen unterstützen, darunter chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen oder Allergien. Ebenfalls können auf diese Weise Bakterien aufgespürt werden, die Krankheitsprozesse bei Typ-2-Diabetes oder Gefäßerkrankungen anfeuern.
Language independent optimization of text readability formulas with deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Hadizadeh Moghaddam Arya , Ghayoomi Masood 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Readability formulas are used to assess the level of difficulty of a text. These language dependent formulas are
introduced with pre-defined parameters. Deep reinforcement learning models can be used for parameter optimization. In this article
we argue that an Actor-Critic based model can be used to optimize the parameters in the readability formulas. Furthermore, a
selection model is proposed for selecting the most suitable formula to assess the readability of the input text. English and
Persian data sets are used for both training and testing. The experimental results of the parameter optimization model show that,
on average, the F-score of the model for English increases from 24.7% in the baseline to 38.8%, and for Persian from 23.5% to
47.7%. The proposed algorithm selection model further improves the parameter optimization model to 65.5% based on F-score for both
English and Persian.
Interactional and categorial analyses of identity construction in the talk of female-to-male (FtM) transgender individuals in Japan
Authors: Fukuda Chie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study explores the identity construction of female-to-male (FtM) transgender individuals, utilizing membership categorization analysis and multimodal conversation analysis. ‘Identity’ in this study indicates a person’s display of category membership or ascription to category membership, which emerges in social actions. The study illustrates how participants make categories and associated features visible in their social actions through the use of multimodal resources. In particular, the study focuses on the participants’ orientation to Pn-adequate devices, particularly gender as a binary. The analysis shows that the participants’ orientation to gender ideologies, such as gender’s Pn-adequacy, plays a significant role in how they construct their FtM transgender identities.
Indentation and impact response of conventional, auxetic, and shear thickening gel infused auxetic closed cell foam
Authors: Parisi M , Allen T , Colonna M , Pugno N , Duncan O 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAuxetic closed cell foams, and highly viscoelastic foams, both show potential to improve impact protection. Specifically, auxetics adapt to the shape of impacting bodies, while highly viscoelastic foams stiffen during severe impacts. So, we made auxetic closed cell foam sheets, including those that were infused with (highly viscoelastic) shear thickening gel (STG). We then undertook comparative quasistatic and impact (drop) tests. Quasistatic tests included compression, tension and indentation. Impact tests were with a flat faced impactor at energies of 1, 3 and 5 J, and a 50 mm diameter hemisphere at 1 and 3 J. Poisson’s ratios of the foams were obtained by optical full field strain measurement. An analytical model was used to separate the contribution of the various measured orthotropic properties during the hemispherical impact and indentation tests. The Poisson’s ratios of the converted foams (both with and without STG) were close to zero or marginally negative when measured through thickness. Planar values of Poisson’s ratio (measured in tension) were as low as −0.6. Through thickness Young’s moduli of the converted foams were 0.5 MPa, and planar moduli were ∼12 times higher. The auxetic foams outperformed the unconverted ones during the more severe impacts, exhibiting about half the peak force during the 3 J hemispherical impacts (2.5 vs. 5 kN). The reduction in peak force was related to a measured doubling in indentation resistance for the auxetic foam. The analytical model suggests that 7%–15% of the measured doubling in indentation resistance was due to (negative) Poisson’s ratio. Infusing the auxetic foams with STG caused, at best, a marginal reduction in peak impact force, attributed to low and non-uniform levels of infusion.
Corrigendum to “The transition from conservative to dissipative flows in class-B laser model with fold-Hopf bifurcation and coexisting attractors”
Authors: Li 李 Yue 月 , Chen 陈 Zengqiang 增强 , Yuan 袁 Mingfeng 明峰 , Cang 仓 Shijian 诗建 
Published: May 2023

Recently, we received a letter from Prof. G. L. Oppo, which indicated that he had doubts about the transformation of the system in the article Chin. Phys. B 31 060503 (2022) and gave other considerations. After inspection, we found that there was a clerical error in the article. Based on this, we have made corrections and supplements to the original article.
Quality analysis for precision metrology based on joint weak measurements without discarding readout data
Authors: Qin Lupei , Xu Luting , Li Xin-Qi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a theoretical analysis for the metrology quality of joint weak measurements (JWMs), in close comparison with the weak-value-amplification technique. We point out that the difference probability function employed in the JWM scheme cannot be used to calculate the uncertainty variance and Fisher information (FI). In order to carry out the metrological precision, we reformulate the problem in terms of difference-combined stochastic variables, which makes all calculations well defined. We reveal that, in general, the metrological precision of the JWM scheme cannot reach that indicated by the total FI, despite that all the readouts are collected without discarding. We also analyze the effect of technical noise, showing that the technical noise cannot be removed by the subtracting procedure, which yet can be utilized to outperform the conventional measurement, when considering the imaginary weak value measurement.
A Prospective, Open-Label Study to Evaluate Functional Changes Following Electromagnetic Muscle Stimulation of Abdominal Muscle
Authors: Bachelor Eric P , Kilmer Suzanne , Porcari John P , Gamio Sylvia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Electromagnetic muscle stimulation (EMMS) is an effective, well-tolerated noninvasive body contouring treatment for strengthening, toning, and firming the abdomen.

Objectives
In this study, functional changes following abdominal EMMS treatment wereevaluated.

Methods
In this prospective, open-label study, adults received 8 abdominal EMMS treatments (2 treatments on nonconsecutive days/week over 4 weeks). Follow-ups occurred 1 month (primary endpoint), 2, and 3 months postfinal treatment. Effectiveness endpoints included improvements from baseline on Body Satisfaction Questionnaire (BSQ; primary endpoint), core strength (timed plank test), abdominal endurance (curl-up test), and Subject Experience Questionnaire (SEQ). Safety was evaluated throughout.

Results
Sixteen participants (68.8% female) were enrolled, with a mean age of 39.3 years and a mean BMI of 24.4 kg/m2; 14 participants completed the study per protocol. Mean BSQ scores were significantly improved from baseline (27.9) to the 1-month follow-up (36.6; P &lt; .05). Core strength and abdominal endurance were significantly greater at the 1-, 2-, and 3-month posttreatment time points than at baseline (P &lt; .05). Frequently cited reasons for seeking EMMS treatment included a desire to feel stronger (100%; n = 14/14) and to improve athletic performance (100%; n = 14/14). SEQ responses 3 months posttreatment showed that most participants reported feeling stronger (92.9%) and motivated to receive additional EMMS treatments (100%) and work out to maintain treatment results (100%). The majority of participants (&gt;78%) reported being “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with abdominal treatment 1 month posttreatment. One device- and/or procedure-related adverse event of menstrual cycle irregularity was reported in 1 participant and was mild in severity.

Conclusions
EMMS treatment of the abdomen is associated with functional strength improvements and high patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence: 4
Quantifying transcriptome diversity: a review
Authors: Jones Emma F , Haldar Anisha , Oza Vishal H , Lasseigne Brittany N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Following the central dogma of molecular biology, gene expression heterogeneity can aid in predicting and explaining the wide variety of protein products, functions and, ultimately, heterogeneity in phenotypes. There is currently overlapping terminology used to describe the types of diversity in gene expression profiles, and overlooking these nuances can misrepresent important biological information. Here, we describe transcriptome diversity as a measure of the heterogeneity in (1) the expression of all genes within a sample or a single gene across samples in a population (gene-level diversity) or (2) the isoform-specific expression of a given gene (isoform-level diversity). We first overview modulators and quantification of transcriptome diversity at the gene level. Then, we discuss the role alternative splicing plays in driving transcript isoform-level diversity and how it can be quantified. Additionally, we overview computational resources for calculating gene-level and isoform-level diversity for high-throughput sequencing data. Finally, we discuss future applications of transcriptome diversity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how gene expression diversity arises, and how measuring it determines a more complete picture of heterogeneity across proteins, cells, tissues, organisms and species.
Multiple imputation of more than one environmental exposure with nondifferential measurement error
Authors: Yu Yuanzhi , Little Roderick J , Perzanowski Matthew , Chen Qixuan 
Published: May 2023

Summary
Measurement error is common in environmental epidemiologic studies, but methods for correcting measurement error in regression models with multiple environmental exposures as covariates have not been well investigated. We consider a multiple imputation approach, combining external or internal calibration samples that contain information on both true and error-prone exposures with the main study data of multiple exposures measured with error. We propose a constrained chained equations multiple imputation (CEMI) algorithm that places constraints on the imputation model parameters in the chained equations imputation based on the assumptions of strong nondifferential measurement error. We also extend the constrained CEMI method to accommodate nondetects in the error-prone exposures in the main study data. We estimate the variance of the regression coefficients using the bootstrap with two imputations of each bootstrapped sample. The constrained CEMI method is shown by simulations to outperform existing methods, namely the method that ignores measurement error, classical calibration, and regression prediction, yielding estimated regression coefficients with smaller bias and confidence intervals with coverage close to the nominal level. We apply the proposed method to the Neighborhood Asthma and Allergy Study to investigate the associations between the concentrations of multiple indoor allergens and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide level among asthmatic children in New York City. The constrained CEMI method can be implemented by imposing constraints on the imputation matrix using the mice and bootImpute packages in R.
An individual data-driven virtual resection model based on epileptic network dynamics in children with intractable epilepsy: a magnetoencephalography interictal activity application
Authors: Cuesta Pablo , Bruña Ricardo , Shah Ekta , Laohathai Christopher , Garcia-Tarodo Stephanie , Funke Michael , Von Allmen Gretchen , Maestú Fernando 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy surgery continues to be a recommended treatment for intractable (medication-resistant) epilepsy; however, 30–70% of epilepsy surgery patients can continue to have seizures. Surgical failures are often associated with incomplete resection or inaccurate localization of the epileptogenic zone. This retrospective study aims to improve surgical outcome through in silico testing of surgical hypotheses through a personalized computational neurosurgery model created from individualized patient’s magnetoencephalography recording and MRI. The framework assesses the extent of the epileptic network and evaluates underlying spike dynamics, resulting in identification of one single brain volume as a candidate for resection. Dynamic-locked networks were utilized for virtual cortical resection. This in silico protocol was tested in a cohort of 24 paediatric patients with focal drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery. Of 24 patients who were included in the analysis, 79% (19 of 24) of the models agreed with the patient's clinical surgery outcome and 21% (5 of 24) were considered as model failures (accuracy 0.79, sensitivity 0.77, specificity 0.82). Patients with unsuccessful surgery outcome typically showed a model cluster outside of the resected cavity, while those with successful surgery showed the cluster model within the cavity. Two of the model failures showed the cluster in the vicinity of the resected tissue and either a functional disconnection or lack of precision of the magnetoencephalography–MRI overlapping could explain the results. Two other cases were seizure free for 1 year but developed late recurrence. This is the first study that provides in silico personalized protocol for epilepsy surgery planning using magnetoencephalography spike network analysis. This model could provide complementary information to the traditional pre-surgical assessment methods and increase the proportion of patients achieving seizure-free outcome from surgery.
Machine Learning in Laboratory Medicine: Recommendations of the IFCC Working Group
Authors: Master Stephen R , Badrick Tony C , Bietenbeck Andreas , Haymond Shannon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Machine learning (ML) has been applied to an increasing number of predictive problems in laboratory medicine, and published work to date suggests that it has tremendous potential for clinical applications. However, a number of groups have noted the potential pitfalls associated with this work, particularly if certain details of the development and validation pipelines are not carefully controlled.

Methods
To address these pitfalls and other specific challenges when applying machine learning in a laboratory medicine setting, a working group of the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine was convened to provide a guidance document for this domain.

Results
This manuscript represents consensus recommendations for best practices from that committee, with the goal of improving the quality of developed and published ML models designed for use in clinical laboratories.

Conclusions
The committee believes that implementation of these best practices will improve the quality and reproducibility of machine learning utilized in laboratory medicine.

Summary
We have provided our consensus assessment of a number of important practices that are required to ensure that valid, reproducible machine learning (ML) models can be applied to address operational and diagnostic questions in the clinical laboratory. These practices span all phases of model development, from problem formulation through predictive implementation. Although it is not possible to exhaustively discuss every potential pitfall in ML workflows, we believe that our current guidelines capture best practices for avoiding the most common and potentially dangerous errors in this important emerging field.
Macrophage angiotensin-converting enzyme reduces atherosclerosis by increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and fundamentally changing lipid metabolism
Authors: Cao DuoYao , Khan Zakir , Li Xiaomo , Saito Suguru , Bernstein Ellen A , Victor Aaron R , Ahmed Faizan , Hoshi Aoi O , Veiras Luciana C , Shibata Tomohiro , Che Mingtian , Cai Lei , Yamashita Michifumi , Temel Ryan E , Giani Jorge F , Luthringer Daniel J , Divakaruni Ajit S , Okwan-Duodu Derick , Bernstein Kenneth E 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsThe metabolic failure of macrophages to adequately process lipid is central to the aetiology of atherosclerosis. Here, we examine the role of macrophage angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in a mouse model of PCSK9-induced atherosclerosis.Methods and resultsAtherosclerosis in mice was induced with AAV-PCSK9 and a high-fat diet. Animals with increased macrophage ACE (ACE 10/10 mice) have a marked reduction in atherosclerosis vs. WT mice. Macrophages from both the aorta and peritoneum of ACE 10/10 express increased PPARα and have a profoundly altered phenotype to process lipids characterized by higher levels of the surface scavenger receptor CD36, increased uptake of lipid, increased capacity to transport long chain fatty acids into mitochondria, higher oxidative metabolism and lipid β-oxidation as determined using 13C isotope tracing, increased cell ATP, increased capacity for efferocytosis, increased concentrations of the lipid transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, and increased cholesterol efflux. These effects are mostly independent of angiotensin II. Human THP-1 cells, when modified to express more ACE, increase expression of PPARα, increase cell ATP and acetyl-CoA, and increase cell efferocytosis.ConclusionIncreased macrophage ACE expression enhances macrophage lipid metabolism, cholesterol efflux, efferocytosis, and it reduces atherosclerosis. This has implications for the treatment of cardiovascular disease with angiotensin II receptor antagonists vs. ACE inhibitors.
Genome assembly of the pioneer speciesPlantago majorL. (Plantaginaceae) provides insight into its global distribution and adaptation to metal-contaminated soil
Authors: Lyu Shanwu , Mei Qiming , Liu Hui , Wang Baosheng , Wang Jun , Lambers Hans , Wang Zhengfeng , Dong Bin , Liu Zhanfeng , Deng Shulin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlantago is a major genus belonging to the Plantaginaceae family and is used in herbal medicine, functional food, and pastures. Several Plantago species are also characterized by their global distribution, but the mechanism underpinning this is not known. Here, we present a high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of Plantago major L., a species of Plantago, by incorporating Oxford Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The genome assembly size was approximately 671.27 Mb with a contig N50 length of 31.30 Mb. 31,654 protein-coding genes were identified from the genome. Evolutionary analysis showed that P. major diverged from other Lamiales species at ~62.18 Mya and experienced two rounds of WGD events. Notably, many gene families related to plant acclimation and adaptation expanded. We also found that many polyphenol biosynthesis genes showed high expression patterns in roots. Some amino acid biosynthesis genes, such as those involved in histidine synthesis, were highly induced under metal (Ni) stress that led to the accumulation of corresponding metabolites. These results suggest persuasive arguments for the global distribution of P. major through multiscale analysis. Decoding the P. major genome provides a valuable genomic resource for research on dissecting biological function, molecular evolution, taxonomy, and breeding.
Anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery from the pulmonary artery associated with non-compaction of the left ventricle: usefulness of multimodality imaging—a case report
Authors: Bourcier Tom , Willoteaux Serge , Furber Alain , Biere Loïc 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
The anomalous origin of the left circumflex artery from the pulmonary artery (ACXAPA) is a very rare coronary anomaly. Only a few cases have been reported until today, from incidental findings to autopsy reports after sudden cardiac death.

Case summary
We report here for the first time the case of a man, previously monitored for asymptomatic left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, who presented with non-ST myocardial infarction and was diagnosed with ACXAPA. Complementary tests confirmed ischaemia in the corresponding territory, and the patient was referred to surgery for reimplantation of the circumflex artery.

Discussion
Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy whose association with coronary anomalies, not with ACXAPA, had previously been described until now. A related embryological origin could potentially explain this association. The management of a coronary anomaly should indicate dedicated multimodality cardiac imaging in order to not disregard the association with underlying cardiomyopathy.
An unusual right atrial myxoma triggering presumed takotsubo syndrome in a 97-year-old female
Authors: Sonaglioni Andrea , Grasso Enzo , Lombardo Michele 
Published: May 2023

Summary
A 97-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department of our hospital due to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and chest pain. At the hospital admission, the patient manifested transient psychomotor agitation and dysarthria. On physical examination, blood pressure was 115/60 mmHg and pulse 96 b.p.m. On blood tests, troponine I was 0.08 ng/mL (normal range &lt;0.04 ng/mL). Electrocardiography (ECG) showed sinus rhythm and ST segment elevation in both inferior and anterior leads except in lead V1. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed a right atrial multilobulated, hypermobile, echogenic cauliflower mass (maximum size of 5 cm × 4 cm), which was attached to the tricuspid lateral annulus with a short stalk (Figure 1A). The right atrial mass, which had filiform extremities and was found to prolapse through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, was ascribed to a peduncolated myxoma. Its motion was very rapid and uncoordinated, with increased peak antegrade velocity (Vmax = 35 cm/s), as precisely measured by pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging (PW-TDI) (Figure 1B). Estimated left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was normal (60%), and no significant valvulopathy was detected. Finally, a bulging of the interatrial septum with right-to-left shunt, through a patent foramen ovale (PFO), was observed by using colour Doppler (Figure 1C). Acute ischaemic lesions were excluded by brain computed tomography scan.