bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of surveillance colonoscopy among individuals with removal of high‐risk polyps according to the US Multi‐Society Task Force recommendations
Authors: Knudsen Markus D. , Wang Kai , Berstad Paula , Polychronidis Georgios , Vithayathil Mathew , Song Mingyang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with colorectal polypectomy are recommended to undergo surveillance colonoscopies at certain intervals to prevent subsequent colorectal cancer. Use of postpolypectomy surveillance according to the 2006 US Multi‐Society Task Force (USMSTF) recommendations in an integrated health care system was investigated.MethodsUse of surveillance colonoscopies was prospectively assessed among 3691 patients with removal of high‐risk polyps at a screening colonoscopy during 2007–2012 in the Mass General Brigham Colonoscopy Cohort. With the follow‐up up to 2017, the compliance with, overuse, and underuse of postpolypectomy surveillance according to the 2006 USMSTF recommendations was assessed. Surveillance use according to demographic factors was also investigated.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 4.4 years (5th percentile, 95th percentile, 1.0, 9.9) 2360 (64%) patients had undergone a surveillance colonoscopy, among whom 758 (21%) were considered compliant with the USMSTF recommendations. A substantial underuse of surveillance colonoscopies of 62% was observed. Older age and lower income were associated with a higher incidence of underuse, whereas having a family history of colorectal cancer were associated with lower incidence of underuse. Overuse of surveillance colonoscopies was present in 17% of patients but showed no significant associations with demographic factors.ConclusionSubstantial underuse of surveillance in patients with high‐risk polyps was observed, particularly those with low income and older age. Efforts are needed to improve delivery and use of surveillance colonoscopy.Plain Language Summary

The US Multi‐Society Task Force recommends follow‐up surveillance colonoscopy after polyp removal in the bowel, with intervals depending on the most severe findings.

Adherence to surveillance recommendations in a large study with up to 10 years of follow‐up among patients with high‐risk polyps was investigated. Only 21% of patients adhered to the surveillance recommendations, whereas 62% showed delayed or no use of surveillance.

Findings highlight the need for improved use of surveillance colonoscopy among patients at high risk of colorectal cancer.
Ru−Ni Alloy Nanoparticles Loaded on N‐Doped Amphiphilic Mesoporous Hollow Carbon@silica Spheres as Catalyst for the Hydrogenation of α‐Pinene to cis‐Pinane
Authors: Liu Shu‐Kun , Yu Feng‐Li , Yuan Bing , Xie Cong‐Xia , Yu Shi‐Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractN‐doped mesoporous carbon spheres (NHMC@mSiO2) encapsulated in silica shells were prepared by emulsion polymerization and domain‐limited carbonization using ethylenediamine as the nitrogen source, and Ru−Ni alloy catalysts were prepared for the hydrogenation of α‐pinene in the aqueous phase. The internal cavities of this nanomaterial are lipophilic, enhancing mass transfer and enrichment of the reactants, and the hydrophilic silica shell enhances the dispersion of the catalyst in water. N‐doping allows more catalytically active metal particles to be anchored to the amphiphilic carrier, enhancing its catalytic activity and stability. In addition, a synergistic effect between Ru and Ni significantly enhances the catalytic activity. The factors influencing the hydrogenation of α‐pinene were investigated, and the optimum reaction conditions were determined to be as follows: 100 °C, 1.0 MPa H2, 3 h. The high stability and recyclability of the Ru−Ni alloy catalyst were demonstrated through cycling experiments.
Clustering Highly Divergent Homologous Proteins: An Alignment‐Free Method
Authors: Muñoz‐Baena Laura , Poon Art F. Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe comparative analysis of amino acid sequences is an important tool in molecular biology that often requires multiple sequence alignments. In comparisons between less closely related genomes, however, it becomes more difficult to accurately align protein‐coding sequences, or even to identify homologous regions in different genomes. In this article, we describe an alignment‐free method for the classification of homologous protein‐coding regions from different genomes. This methodology was originally developed for comparing genomes within virus families, but may be adapted for other organisms. We quantify sequence homology from the overlap (intersection distance) of the k‐mer (word) frequency distributions for different protein sequences. Next, we extract groups of homologous sequences from the resulting distance matrix using a combination of dimensionality reduction and hierarchical clustering methods. Finally, we demonstrate how to generate visualizations of the composition of clusters with respect to protein annotations, and by coloring protein‐coding regions of genomes by cluster assignments. These provide a useful means to quickly assess the reliability of the clustering results based on the distribution of homologous genes among genomes. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Data collection and processingBasic Protocol 2: Calculating k‐mer distancesBasic Protocol 3: Extracting clusters of homologySupport Protocol: Genome plot based on clustering results
Synthesis of Chlorophosphoramidate Monomer Morpholinos and PMOs
Authors: Kundu Jayanta , Ghosh Ujjwal , Ghosh Atanu , Pattanayak Sankha , Das Arnab , Sinha Surajit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMOs) are a successful class of antisense reagents that efficiently modulate gene expression. Because PMOs do not follow standard phosphoramidite chemistry, optimized synthetic protocols for these compounds are relatively scarce in the literature. This paper presents detailed protocols for synthesizing full‐length PMOs using chlorophosphoramidate chemistry by manual solid‐phase synthesis. We first describe the synthesis of Fmoc‐protected morpholino hydroxyl monomers, and the corresponding chlorophosphoramidate monomers, from commercially available protected ribonucleosides. The new Fmoc chemistry necessitates the use of a milder base, such as N‐ethylmorpholine (NEM), and coupling reagent, such as 5‐(ethylthio)‐1H‐tetrazole (ETT), which are also tolerated for acid‐sensitive trityl chemistry. These chlorophosphoramidate monomers are then employed for PMO synthesis in a manual solid‐phase procedure using four sequential steps. The synthetic cycle for each nucleotide incorporation consists of (a) deblocking of the 3′‐N protecting group using an acidic deblocking cocktail for trityl and base deblocking for Fmoc, (b) neutralization, (c) coupling in the presence of ETT and NEM, and (d) capping of the unreacted morpholine ring‐amine. The method uses safe, stable, and inexpensive reagents, and the process is expected to be scalable. After full‐length PMO synthesis and ammonia‐mediated cleavage from the solid support and deprotection, a range of PMOs with different lengths can be obtained conveniently and efficiently with reproducible good yields. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of the novel Fmoc‐protected morpholino monomersBasic Protocol 2: Synthesis of the phosphorylating reagent (N,N‐dimethylphosphoramic dichloride) required for chlorophosphoramidate monomer synthesisBasic Protocol 3: Synthesis of chlorophosphoramidate monomers of Fmoc‐protected morpholino monomersBasic Protocol 4: Solution‐phase standardization of dimer and trimer PMO synthesis using Fmoc chemistryBasic Protocol 5: Solid‐phase synthesis, purification, and characterization of full‐length (25‐mer) no‐tail PMO using both trityl and Fmoc chemistry
Multiplex Quantification of Plasma Biomarkers for Patients with Gaucher Disease Type 1
Authors: Menkovic Iskren , Boutin Michel , Lavoie Pamela , Auray‐Blais Christiane 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme beta‐glucocerebrosidase. This leads to the accumulation of glycolipids in macrophages and ultimately results in tissue damage. Recent metabolomic studies highlighted several potential biomarkers in plasma specimens. In hopes of better understanding the distribution, importance, and clinical significance of these potential markers, a UPLC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated to quantify lyso‐Gb1 and six related analogs (with the following modifications on the sphingosine moiety: ‐C2H4 (‐28 Da), ‐C2H4+O (‐12 Da), ‐H2 (‐2 Da), ‐H2+O (+14 Da), +O (+16 Da), and +H2O (+18 Da)), sphingosylphosphorylcholine, and N‐palmitoyl‐O‐phosphocholineserine in plasma specimens of treated and untreated patients. This 12‐min UPLC‐MS/MS method involves a purification step via solid‐phase extraction followed by evaporation under nitrogen flow and resuspension in an organic mix compatible with HILIC chromatography. This method is currently used for research purposes and might be used for monitoring, prognostics, and follow‐up. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Keeping up with the Joneses: The role of investee peers corporate environmental responsibility
Authors: Dong Yusen , Chen Senhua , Wu Yixue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScholars have investigated the industry peer effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Borrowing from the awareness–motivation–capability (AMC) framework from competitive dynamics literature, we shift attention to focus on an important but neglected peer—investee peers—and argue that the corporate environmental responsibility (CER) of investee peers positively affects a focal firm's CER. Using data from Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2018, we find that firms invest more on CER in response to increasing CER investment by investee peer firms (more awareness). This relationship is further affected by the firm's motivation (when the common shareholder is a foreign investor) and ability (when the focal firm's financial performance is high) to respond to competitive threats and tensions from investee peers. Our study contributes to the literature on CSR (specifically CER) by introducing the role of investee peers and extending the AMC framework to the CER literature.
The policy and practice of mathematics mastery: The effects of neoliberalism and neoconservatism on curriculum reform
Authors: Pratt Nick , Alderton Julie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper explores how the twin processes of neoliberalism and neoconservatism work together on, and through, curricula and their associated pedagogies. It bridges the gap between policy and classroom practice, focusing on the particular example of the school subject of mathematics and the notion of mastery, operationalised in the English education system as Teaching for Mastery (TfM). From this context, it develops a theoretical argument using Dean's analytics of government as part of a broader Foucauldian frame, to analyse how TfM is constructed as a particular policy truth. It then shifts the analysis from a wide, social one to the individual classroom level using a psychological argument to critique TfM in its own terms, examining the onto‐epistemological nature of mathematics as a subject. In doing so, it explores ways in which mastery might be problematic in classrooms, even whilst appearing to offer a solution at policy level to long‐standing problems in English schooling. The aim is not to suggest that TfM has nothing to offer, but to point to ways in which it draws on the psychology of teaching and learning in a very particular manner, inscribing pupils with very specific mathematical subjectivities. By providing this insight into how neoliberal policy positions play out at practitioner level via curricula and pedagogies, the paper raises questions which are philosophical, political, and ethical, regarding the potential effect of TfM on teachers' and pupils' experiences of mathematics in schools, including implications for equity of this experience amongst the latter.
Assisted reproductive technology, risk of gestational diabetes, and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies
Authors: Bianchi Cristina , Brocchi Alex , Baronti Walter , Nicolì Francesca , Citro Fabrizia , Aragona Michele , Cela Vito , Del Prato Stefano , Bertolotto Alessandra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the impact of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in single pregnancies.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively collected clinical and anthropometric data of 219ART‐ and 256 age‐ and body mass index (BMI)‐matched women with spontaneous conception screened for GDM. The primary outcome was to evaluate GDM prevalence in ART women.ResultsThere were no differences in age, BMI, and family history of diabetes in the two groups of women. ART‐women were more frequently primiparous, whereas the prevalence of previous GDM was higher in SC‐women. The prevalence of GDM in the whole cohort was 36.1% and was higher in ART‐women (52.3% vs. 23.4%; p < 0.0001). In the whole cohort, on multivariate analysis, family history of diabetes (OR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.03–2.69), previous GDM (OR 7.05; 95% CI: 2.92–17.04), pre‐pregnancy obesity (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.21–6.13), and ART (OR 4.14; 95% CI 2.65–6.48) were independent risk factors for GDM. Among ART‐women, age over 40 years was associated with GDM. Preterm delivery was more common in ART‐women; gestational week at delivery, birth weight, ponderal index, and Apgar score were lower in ART‐women than in SC‐women, both in the whole cohort and in GDM women.ConclusionsAmong women undergoing ART treatment, at least one in two develops GDM. ART appears to be an independent risk factor for GDM in single pregnancies, particularly above the age of 40. ART treatment seems to be associated with an increased rate of preterm delivery and lower neonatal birth weight and Apgar score, especially in GDM women.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe study was not registered as it is an observational retrospective evaluation.
Overcoming Thermodynamically Driven Retro‐Diels–Alder Reaction through a Cascade One‐Pot Process Exemplified for a Bio‐Based Platform Chemical
Authors: Altemeier Bastian , Gröger Harald 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this contribution, we describe a new approach to apply thermodynamically unfavored reactions in synthetic chemistry and to integrate them in cascade processes. By means of a new developed procedure for multi‐step one‐pot syntheses, we succeeded in nearly completely converting a thermodynamically labile Diels–Alder adduct, which strongly tends to react back, to the target product with high conversion of >99 % and in excellent yield by coupling with a rapid subsequent hydrogenation reaction. In detail, the process is based on the use of a rotating reaction vessel to form a thin product film of the thermodynamically labile Diels–Alder product from 2‐methylfuran and maleic acid anhydride (as two bio‐based raw materials), which then slowly dissolves into solution and is immediately converted by hydrogenation to the target product. Such a combination of Diels–Alder reaction and hydrogenation in a sequential one‐pot process without by‐product formation enables the efficient production of the product, which represents a valuable bio‐based platform chemical. In addition, this process concept generally opens a perspective for the integration of thermodynamically unfavorable reaction steps in multi‐step one‐pot cascade processes while obtaining the desired target products in high yields.
Vortex‐assisted electroosmotic mixing of Carreau fluid in a microchannel
Authors: Mehta Sumit Kumar , Mondal Pranab Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPertaining to the mixing of the non‐Newtonian Carreau fluid under electrokinetic actuation inside a plane microchannel, we propose a new design of micromixer that involves inserting a two‐part cylinder bearing zeta potential of the same sign but different magnitude in the upstream and downstream directions. We numerically solve the transport equations to predict the underlying mixing characteristics. We demonstrate that a substantial momentum difference between the microchannel's plane wall and cylinder leads to the development of a vortex in the flow pathway, which in turn, enhances mixing substantially. As shown, for a fluid having a highly shear‐thinning nature, the vortex‐assisted convection mixing strength increases with diffusivity of the candidate fluids. Moreover, it is shown that for the higher shear‐thinning nature of the candidate fluid, an increase in cylinder radius enhances mixing efficiency and flow rate simultaneously, resulting in a “quick and efficient” mixing condition. Additionally, the fluid rheology significantly alters the kinetics of shear‐induced binary aggregation. Our findings show that the shear‐induced aggregation characteristic time sharply increases with increasing shear‐thinning behavior of the fluid.
Effects of types and levels of social capital on emotional well‐being for older people in Indonesia: A longitudinal study
Authors: Ekadinata Nopryan , Hsu Hui‐Chuan , Chuang Ying‐Chih , Chao Shiau‐Fang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different types and levels of social capital and emotional well‐being in older adults in Indonesia by a longitudinal data.MethodsThe fourth and the fifth waves of Indonesian Family Life Survey data were used for this study. The participants aged 60 years or older who participated in both waves were included for analysis (n = 1374). Depressive symptoms and happiness were used to assess emotional well‐being. Cognitive social capital (neighborhood trust) and structural social capital (participating in arisan, community meetings, volunteers, village improvement programs, and religious activities) were the main independent variables. The generalized estimating equations model was used for analysis.ResultsParticipation in arisan (B = −0.534) and attending religious activities (B = −0.591) were related to lower depressive symptoms, but the effect of religious activities would offset over time. Both a low or high social participation showed protective effects on depressive symptoms at the intercept and the time slope. Having higher neighborhood trust was related to more chance of feeling very happy (OR = 1.518).ConclusionStructural social capital is protective from depressive symptoms, while cognitive social capital contributes to happiness. Facilitating social participation and improving neighborhood trust through policies and programs is suggested to promote emotional well‐being for older people.
Incidence, prescription patterns and risk factors of antipsychotic initiation in elderly stroke survivors
Authors: Su Chien‐Chou , Yang Yea‐Huei Kao , Cheng Ching‐Lan , Lai Edward Chia‐Cheng , Hsieh Cheng‐Yang , Chen Chih‐Hung , Lin Huey‐Juan , Sung Sheng‐Feng , Chen Yu‐Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesEpidemiological data regarding antipsychotic initiation in elderly patients with stroke are limited. We aimed to investigate the incidence, prescription patterns and determinants of antipsychotic initiation in elderly patients with stroke.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify patients aged above 65 years who had been admitted for stroke from the National Health Insurance Database (NHID). The index date was defined as the discharge date. The incidence and prescription pattern of antipsychotics were estimated using the NHID. To evaluate the determinants of antipsychotic initiation, the cohort identified from the NHID was linked to the Multicenter Stroke Registry (MSR). Demographics, comorbidities and concomitant medications were obtained from the NHID. Information including smoking status, body mass index, stroke severity and disability was retrieved by linking to the MSR. The outcome was antipsychotic initiation after the index date. Hazard ratios for antipsychotic initiation were estimated using the multivariable Cox model.ResultsIn terms of prognosis, the first 2 months after a stroke was the highest‐risk period for antipsychotic use. A high burden of coexisting diseases carried an increased risk of antipsychotic use; in particular, chronic kidney disease (CKD) had the highest adjusted hazard ratio (aHR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.29–2.31) as compared with other risk factors. Furthermore, stroke severity and disability were significant risk factors for antipsychotic initiation.ConclusionsOur study indicated that elderly stroke patients with chronic medical conditions, particularly CKD, and a higher stroke severity and disability were at greater risk of psychiatric disorders during the first 2 months after a stroke.Clinical trial registration: NA.
Selective referral or learning by doing? An analysis of hospital volume‐outcome relationship of vascular procedures
Authors: Červený Jakub 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effects of hospital volume on outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with stent implant in Slovakia between 2014 and 2019. The volume‐outcome relationship is estimated jointly using a discrete factor approach, where choice of hospital is correlated with durations until readmission or death, accounting for observed and unobserved characteristics. The results reveal the importance of controlling for between‐hospital differences and selectivity in patient referral. Estimates without hospital fixed effects overstate the positive effect of volume on outcomes, but the results remain statistically significant. Once selectivity is accounted for in the joint correlated model, the positive volume‐outcome relationship is not different from zero. Overall, the main driver of the volume‐outcome relationship for PTA procedures appears to be related to selective referral and differences in quality of health care providers.
Health care administration and drug policy
Authors: Duncan David F. , Ellis‐Griffith Gregory , Nicholson Thomas , Nimkar Swateja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe American healthcare system faces a potential reorganization of the way in which services are provided and financed. We argue that healthcare administrators need to be increasingly aware of the ways in which our nation's illicit drug policy, commonly referred to as the ‘War on Drugs’, affects the provision of health services. A large and growing portion of the US population uses one or more of the currently illegal drugs and some of these persons suffer from an addiction or other substance use disorder. This is clearly demonstrated by the current opioid epidemic which is not yet being adequately controlled. Providing specialty treatment for drug abuse disorders will be increasingly important for healthcare administrators thanks to recent mental health parity legislation. At the same time, drug users and abusers will be increasingly encountered while providing care not specifically tied to drug use or abuse. The character of our current national drug policy has an important impact on how drug abuse disorders are treated and how the health delivery system responds to drug users who are increasingly often encountered in primary care, emergency care, specialty care, and long‐term care settings.