bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International legal status of the Free City of Danzig (1920-1939)
Authors: Horodyskyy I.M. 
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to a little-studied page of the history of international law and international legal personality - the status of the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk) in 1920-1939. The topic of such state entities with a special international regime of territory and subjectivity is a veryinteresting page of the international experience of settling territorial disputes between states. Unfortunately, their research in the Ukrainian international law (in particular, the international legal status of the Neutral Moresnet and the Free City of Krakow) began to appear only in recent years.
The article examines the history of Danzig and the circumstances that actualized the issue of its statehood after the end of the First World War. It was emphasized that the decision to create the Free City was a compromise between the interests of Poland and the residents of Danzig on the one hand, and the interests of various victorious states on the other.
The main sources of the international legal status of the Free City of Danzig are highlighted. The peculiarities of the international legal personality of Danzig in the context of relations between the Free City and Poland and the League of Nations are analyzed. Special attention is paid to various aspects of legal personality, in particular: external relations and membership in international organizations; economic issue; guarantees of the security of the Free City. It is substantiated that, despite the special regime of the territory and the limitation of sovereignty, Danzig was an independent state in the international context.
The reasons that led to the end of the history of the Free City of Danzig are singled out, in particular: permanent conflicts with Poland; the ineffectiveness of the League of Nations as a key guarantor of the security of the Free City; the coming to power of the Nazis in Danzig and their policy of rapprochement with Nazi Germany. It is shown that in the future the use of such formats for the resolution of international disputes is impractical due to the impossibility of considering the entire set of circumstances.
. International legal cooperation between Ukraine and EU member states in the feald of ensuring gas supply security
Authors: Sadyhov Samer 
Published: January 2023

The article examines current problems of cooperation between the EU member states and Ukraine in the field of natural gas supplies with an emphasis on the legislative aspect. Attention was drawn to the fact that the study of the problems of EU cooperation with third countries, in particular within the framework of the Energy Community, meets the most important needs of today and is of significant importance for the further development of the EU energy sector.
If we take into account the energy sphere, the growing shortage of energy carriers and the rise in their prices emphasize the continuing importance of safe and affordable energy, and the hostilities in Ukraine are expected to significantly affect the state of security of energy supplies to the EU.
The author analyzed the main obligations of Ukraine to ensure and maintain an adequate level of gas supply, as well as the scope of recently proposed and adopted changes to the EU regulatory framework. By adopting the Treaty on the Energy Community, Ukraine undertook to adopt the main energy legislation of the EU, the so-called «acquis communautaire». The European Commission immediately informs Ukraine of amendments to any EU acts transforming the EU acquis, and Ukraine, in turn, reflects changes in the EU legal framework in its national legislation regulating the energy sector.
Some attention is also paid to the study of possible obstacles to reducing the EU's dependence on the supply of energy resources from Russia as a result of military aggression towards Ukraine, and the importance of overcoming such dependence is substantiated.
The author comes to the conclusion that all these legislative changes will undoubtedly be important for the energy sector of Ukraine, as our state is not only a transit state for the EU in the field of energy supply, but also a candidate for joining the EU.
It was concluded that member states should cooperate in order to promote regional and bilateral solidarity, since EU member states alone will not be able to effectively deal with the risk of serious economic difficulties as a result of significant disruptions in the supply of natural gas. It was determined that minimizing the negative consequences of crisis situations due to improper gas supply is impossible without effective coordination and unification of actions of all EU member states.
Analysis of IPO pricing efficiency under the registration system
Authors: Pan Huanxue , Ma Ying 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Whether the pilot registration system reform can achieve the expected effect is related to the pace of China’s comprehensive implementation of the registration system reform. This paper selects the data of listed companies on the Science and Technology Innovation Board and the data of listed companies on the Growth Enterprise Market after the pilot registration system. At the same time, the data of listed companies before the GEM registration system reform were selected as a comparative sample. Using the stochastic frontier analysis to test the pricing efficiency of IPOs, this article finds that the registration system reform works well. It improves the efficiency of Chinese IPO pricing. Also, underwriter reputation has a negative impact on IPO pricing efficiency.
Design of information management system based on wireless communication under the background of Internet of Things
Authors: Li Xiaowu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Wireless communication has the advantages of high communication speed, high efficiency and good security. The establishment of a wireless communication information management system can not only bring great convenience to wireless information communication but also bring great challenges to managers. In order to ensure the security and stability of the system, a wireless communication information management system based on J2EE and AJAX technology has been designed in this paper, and the whole system architecture is discussed. Finally, the key technologies in the realisation of the system are studied in depth and the realisation of some functions of the system is briefly described.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hotel strategy: Introductory assessment
Authors: Králiková Andrea , Ryglová Kateřina , Zámečník Silvie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The pandemic COVID-19 led to almost “zero tourism” worldwide, with unforeseen consequences for a certain period of time. The hospitality industry was one of the hardest hit sectors of tourism, resulting in unprecedented versatility of lodging establishments. This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitality industry, focusing primarily on the socio-demographic aspect of domestic demand in the Czech Republic. The gender of guests was found to have a strong impact on various safety requirements, such as maintaining a safe distance, reduced hotel capacity, or provided disinfection. In addition, women rated all COVID-19 measures higher than men. Other socio-demographic aspects, such as age and education, also have an impact on safety requirements. Consequently, the research findings can help develop new hotel strategies that keep the guest experience and profit optimization in mind.
Future tourism development based on the knowledge of preferential choice of HSR
Authors: Holešinská Andrea , Holubová Eliška , Čomor Marián 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The paper contributes to the extensive knowledge on the impacts of high-speed transport systems on transport-related human behaviour. The paper presents the case of the Czech Republic – a small transit country in Central Europe where the government plans to build high-speed transport systems to improve transport connectivity within Europe. This step will certainly be met with a response. So, the aim of the paper is to find out how high-speed rail (HSR) influences tourism development in the Czech Republic. Therefore, the paper focuses on behaviour of travellers and analyses its intention to switch from a certain mode of transport to HSR. In order to predict future tourism development, determinants of transport mode choice are analysed and tested to learn more about travellers’ preferences and their potential change in their behaviour. The findings reveal that HSR would stimulate international tourism and for certain circumstances it would help to recover MICE tourism.
Entry Strategies and the Potential of International Travel Market: Perceptions and Practices of Macedonian Travel Agencies
Authors: Hristova Snezhana , Efremov Krum , Filipova Klaudija 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Having in mind that the tourism industry has been seen as highly complex and competitive, which is driven also by the rapid change in technology, the paper examines the perceptions and practices of Macedonian travel agencies that have intentions to boost their international exposure and find new strategies to perform. Data were collected from 96 employees’ responses to identify external macro and competitive environment factors as well as to further investigate of the patterns and perceptions regarding their international strategy practices. Two considerations are taken into the discussion. What travel agencies might do in view of changes in the global environment and in view of its abilities and what entry mode is most suitable. Hence, the findings from the paper support the notion for greater internationalization and for encouraging travel agencies to establish new strategic alliances. Also, it can provide relevant and useful information for the policy makers which can be used for improving the overall tourism country internationalization efforts.
The Influence of Digital Communication on TikTok Addictive Behavior on Elementary School
Authors: Razali Geofakta , Yulianti Yulianti 
Published: January 2023

The rapidly advancing technology and the emergence of new media give a new color to communication especially internet-based digital communication. To interact without any limitations of space or time, the main characteristics of new media are their interconnectedness, their access to individual audiences as recipients and senders of messages, their interactivity, their diverse uses as an open character, and their ubiquitous nature. The daily life of human beings, ranging from children to the elderly, cannot be separated from the role of digital communication that shapes the character of addictive behavior which will be difficult to control. This study aims to examine the effect of digital communication on TikTok play addiction behaviour among the students of the Putra Kita Private Elementary School (SDS) in Menteng, Central Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative approach. This study is conducted by testing two variables between the independent variable Digital Communication X and the dependent variable Addictive Behavior Y. The population of this study were SDS Putra Kita students. The sample size of this study includes 80 respondents, who were taken using a random sampling technique. The entire population had the same opportunity to become a sample. The sample was randomly selected to be a respondent. Based on the analysis of the coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) the adjusted R2 = 0.638. This means that there is a contribution to Digital Communication in influencing addiction behavior by 63%.
أثر الترميز الزخرفي الإسلامي في تشكيل المنابر وتزيينها
Authors: Hassan Sofar Hassan Hadi 
Published: January 2023

اتسم الطابع العام الذي قيّض مجمل النتاجات الفنية والمعمارية ذات المنجز الفني الزخرفي بانتمائه الاسلامي ، بتفعيل الامكانات التي تجوّز اظهار المعطى الجمالي ولكن ضمن حدود استلاب البعد الواقعي عن التضمينات والتكوينات الفنية وجعلها مضيّقة ضمن حدود التحوير والتجريد الزخرفي لكي لا ترتقي الى مصافي ابداع الواجب ، وعلى الرغم من محدودية الكيفيات الفنية المعتمدة في عملية الاظهار والتزيين والنمذجة الحِرفية إلا أن المكامن الضخمة التي تمخضت عن تلك المعطيات الترميزية نجدها قد حولت سطوح الخامات المشغولة الى لوحات تنطق بأبهى صور البيان والتكوين ، ومن تلك السطوح انمازت تركيبات ومظاهر المنبر الاسلامي بخصوصية معنوية تجمع في مقوماتها البنائية الفنية والحِرفية مجريات الطابع المهيمن والمحرك والموجه لجمهور المسلمين ، كون هذا الرمز المعنوي شكل مع مرموزاته الزخرفية محوراً ثقافياً ودينياً مهماً أخذ موقعه الملفت ذاك منذ بدء الدعوة المحمدية وارتباطه بتلك الثيمة أو الكاريزما المهيمنة على مجمل التكوين الفكري والوجداني للذات المسلمة .
CATEGORIZING DECLARATIVE SPEECH ACTS IN ENGLISH – ARABIC POLITICALTRANSLATION : A PRAGMATIC STUDY
Authors: MOHAMMED WAFAA DAHHAM 
Published: January 2023

Declaratives are those speech acts that brings changes to the world via uttering them. They are judged by certain pragmatic criteria and determined by certain conditions to be taken as genuine acts. Thus, their specification raises problematic area as not all declarative utterances serve out performatively. The specificity of pragmatic conditions of declaratives lead to another problem in that affecting the same immediate change would not similarly be attributed in two different languages. Therefore, declaratives pose difficulties for translators in categorizing them and affecting immediate change. Accordingly, it aims at: 1)setting some felicity conditions for determining whether the specified declarative expressions serve out performatively. 2)Examining whether English declaratives are perceived performatively in Arabic and vice versa. 3- providing some remedies for mistranslated declaratives. The objective of study is confined to a number of declaratives selected from dialogues, comments, and debates of English and Arabic Channels ( e.g. Al-Jazeera TV and BBC). The result of the study shows that declaratives are performatively influenced by contextual nature. From functional perspective, the perception of English declarative acts are different from the Arabic ones and vice versa. The most accurate rendering of declaratives is based on the correspondence between perception and immediate illocutionary affects.
Spousal support and illness acceptance in breast cancer patients: the mediating function of meaning in life and sense of coherence
Authors: Krok Dariusz , Telka Ewa 
Published: January 2023

The explanation as to why married cancer patients are characterised by better adjustment to illness than unmarried patients is not fully understood. This article aims to investigate a parallel mediation effect of meaning in life and sense of coherence in the relationship of spousal support and illness acceptance in breast cancer patients. A total of 213 wo­men were included in this study. The Berlin Social Support Scales, the Personal Meaning Profile, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the Acceptance of Life with the Disease Scale were used. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and mediation analysis were performed. The results showed significant correlations between spousal support, meaning in life, sense of coherence, and illness acceptance. Except for protective buffering support, meaning in life mediated spousal supports’ effect on illness acceptance. A sense of coherence mediated the relationship of perceived available support, actually received support, and protective buffering support in terms of illness acceptance. Meaning-based resources play a significant role in accepting the detrimental mental and physical consequences of breast cancer. Therefore, practitioners can incorporate these resources into rehabilitation programmes to improve adjustment to cancer.
Die Rolle der Familie im Genesungsprozess von Menschen mit psychischen Störungen – Deutsch-polnische Vergleichsforschung
Authors: Kanios Anna , Bocheńska-Brandt Anna , Engelke-Herrmannsfeldt Anga 
Published: January 2023

Schwere psychische Erkrankungen werden nicht nur für Patientinnen zu einem kritischen Lebensereignis, sondern auch für diejenigen, die ihnen nahestehen. Dennoch lässt sich feststellen, dass das Verständnis für eine psychische Krise in der Familie meist größer ist als im Freundes- oder Bekanntenkreis. Im Falle einer kurzfristigen Krankheit oder einer psychischen Krise hilft normalerweise das Gefühl der familiären Wärme. Bei einer chronischen psychischen Erkrankung braucht aber auch die Familie aufgrund der Belastungen meist Hilfe (Jasch, 2012). Dieser Artikel stellt die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung dar. Deren Ziel ist es, die Überzeugungen, Haltungen und Einstellungen der in Polen und Deutschland tätigen Sozialarbeiter*innen über die Rolle der Familie im Genesungsprozess von Menschen mit psychischen Störungen zu erfassen. Die in der Forschung verwendete Methode ist Focus Testing (FGI). Die Forschung wurde im Zeitraum 2020 – 2021 in Polen (Wojewodschaft Lublin) und Deutschland (Niedersachsen) durchgeführt.
Przemiany we współczesnej rodzinie z osobą z niepełnosprawnością
Authors: Górnicka Beata 
Published: January 2023

Tło – Współczesna rodzina, w dobie postmodernizmu i w świecie VUCA, podlega różnorodnym przemianom, które dotyczą zarówno jej struktury, funkcjonowania, pełnienia ról rodzinnych, więzi rodzinnych. Przemianom tym podlega również rodzina funkcjonująca z osobą z niepełnosprawnością, zarówno w sytuacji, gdy niepełnosprawność dotyczy dziecka, jak też rodzica.Cele – Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie przemian dokonujących się współcześnie w rodzinie z osobą z niepełnosprawnością, jak również omówienie występujących w niej problemów i możliwości wsparcia w zakresie ich przezwyciężania.Metodologia – Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy, koncentruje się na opisie i analizie zagadnienia na podstawie literatury przedmiotu.Wyniki – Artykuł poświęcony jest wybranym przemianom we współczesnej rodzinie z osobą niepełnosprawną. Przedstawiono problematykę funkcjonowania rodziny, w której wychowuje się dziecko z niepełnosprawnością lub w której niepełnosprawność bezpośrednio dotyka samych rodziców. Ukazano problemy i trudności, z jakimi borykają się te rodziny, próbując sprostać najbardziej aktualnym wyzwaniom współczesności. Ponadto omówiono problematykę złożonych uwarunkowań funkcjonowania rodziny w obliczu niepełnosprawności, zwłaszcza w kontekście zmieniających się postaw społecznych wobec niepełnosprawności.Wnioski – Przemiany w rodzinie z osobą z niepełnosprawnością przebiegają na tle zmian ogólnospołecznych, są złożone i zróżnicowane oraz dotyczą wielu różnych obszarów. Rodzina przeżywająca kumulację problemów wymaga określonego wsparcia, które winno być redefiniowane i przede wszystkim zracjonalizowane.
Retrograde cranio-orbital penetrating injury: A case report
Authors: Etaiwi Al-Mutasim B. , Ismail Mustafa , Al-Ageely Teeba A. , Alasady Ayaat F. , Jabbar Alsultan O. , AbdulWahid Jaafar , Al-Zaidy Mahmood F. , Hoz Samer S. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Transorbital (Orbito-cranial) injuries are uncommon, but they are among the most debilitating types of traumatic brain injury (TBI), mainly caused by high-velocity gunshot wounds. In addition, the management of transorbital TBI is well documented in the literature. In contrast, the cranio-orbital migration of a bullet following TBI is rarely reported. In this article, we report a reverse cranio-orbital penetration of a bullet after a TBI from the occiput with a discussion about its management.

Case Description:
A 34-year-old male presented with a loss of consciousness to the emergency department. His Glasgow Coma Scale was 10 (E3, V3, M4), with a left-sided weakness grade of 3 on the Medical Research Council of Canada scale. A head computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, which revealed a bullet embedded in the right orbit with an entrance point from the right occipital bone. Moreover, the CT scan showed an intraventricular hemorrhage in the lateral ventricle. The surgery was performed where the hematoma was evacuated, the scalp was debrided, and the bullet was removed successfully. However, the patient died on the 7th postoperatively.

Conclusion:
Cranio-orbital penetrating brain injury is a severe yet rare type of penetrating brain injury. The direction of cranio-orbital injury is usually from the orbital region to the cerebrum. In our case, the retrograde fashion of the bullet migration renders it unique and calls for further studies to highlight the differences in injury and management of such cases.
Two patients with DSD associated with unique mosaicism and psu dic(Y;22)
Authors: Н.В. Опарина, , Н.Ю. Райгородская, , О.Ю. Латышев, , Ю.М. Зиновьева, , И.И. Романова, , М.В. Кибанов, , В.Б. Черных, 
Published: January 2023

В настоящем сообщении представлены два уникальных случая формирования мозаичного кариотипа с вовлечением псевдодицентрической хромосомы psu dic(Y;22) у пациентов с нарушением формирования пола. У пациента 1 выявлены четыре клеточные линии, три из которых анеуплоидны: mos 47,XYY[9]/46,XY,psu dic(Y;22)(p11.32;p13)dn[9]/45,X[3]/46,ХY[9]. У пациента 2 выявлены две анеуплоидные клеточные линии: mos 45,X[16]/45,X.ish psu dic(Y;22)(q11;p13)dn[9]. И в том и в другом случае psu dic(Y;22) хромосома сформировалась de novo. Гоносомный мозаицизм истинный (подтвержден в двух исследованных тканях: в лимфоцитах периферической крови и в клетках буккального эпителия), с высокой и экстремально высокой межтканевой вариабельностью клеточных линий. В статье обсуждаются клинические проявления, гипотезы возникновения гоносомного дисбаланса, трудности диагностики и интерпретации полученных результатов.
We report two DSD patients’ cases associated with unique mosaicism and psu dic(Y;22). The first patient has four cell lines in karyotype: mos 47,XYY[9]/46,XY,psu dic(Y;22)(p11.32;p13)dn[9]/45,X[3]/46,ХY[9]. The second patient has two abnormal cell lines in karyotype: mos 45,X[16]/45,X.ish psu dic(Y;22)(q11;p13)dn [9]. In both patients the psu dic(Y;22) was formed de novo, gonosomal mosaicism was detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes and buccal epithelium. The inter-tissue variability of different cell lines was estimated as high (patient 1) and extremely high (patient 2). We discuss clinical phenotypes, suppose mechanisms of sex chromosome abnormalities and mosaicism formation, diagnostic problems and result nuances.
Gene-Gene Interactions study of diseases with decline human cognitive functions
Authors: А.В. Бочарова, , А.В. Марусин, , О.А. Макеева, , И.А. Жукова, , Н.Г. Жукова, , О.Ю. Федоренко, , С.А. Иванова, , А.В. Семке, , В.А. Степанов, 
Published: January 2023

Проведен анализ межгенных взаимодействий в отношении риска развития шизофрении (в популяции русских и казахов) и болезни Альцгеймера (в популяции русских) методом снижения многомерной размерности (Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction, MDR). Были установлены 16 сочетаний генотипов, ассоциированых с высоким или низким риском развития шизофрении или болезни Альцгеймера: 7 сочетаний генотипов генов VRK2, ZNF804A, ZFP67P для шизофрении в русской популяции, 7 сочетаний генотипов генов KCNB2, ZFP64P, NRIP1 для шизофрении в казахской популяции, два сочетания генотипов генов APOE и CSMD1 для болезни Альцгеймера в русской популяции. Результаты работы говорят о том, что важную роль в процессе развития патологии при заболеваниях с нарушениями когнитивных функций играет совокупный вклад рисковых вариантов генов.
An analysis of intergenic interactions in relation to the risk of developing schizophrenia (in the population of Russians and Kazakhs) and Alzheimer’s disease (in the population of Russians) was carried out using the Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) method. 16 combinations of genotypes associated with a high or low risk of developing schizophrenia or Alzheimer’s disease were identified: 7 combinations of genotypes of the VRK2, ZNF804A, ZFP67P genes for schizophrenia in the Russian population, 7 combinations of genotypes of the KCNB2, ZFP64P, NRIP1 genes for schizophrenia in the Kazakh population, two combinations of genotypes APOE and CSMD1 genes for Alzheimer’s disease in the Russian population. The results of the work indicate that the cumulative contribution of risk gene variants plays an important role in the development of pathology in diseases with cognitive impairment.