bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food, Justice, and Animals
Authors: Milburn Josh 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImagine a zoopolis—a state that respects animals’ rights. What would the food system of the zoopolis look like? Ethicists typically assume that the zoopolis would be a vegan state. This book, however, argues that we can have our cow and eat her too—that we can respect animal rights while still having access to the animal-based foods we value. There are principled reasons that should lead us, as a matter of ideal theory, to be reluctant about fully endorsing plant-based food systems, even if animals have rights. These include concerns on both humans’ behalf and animals’ behalf. Consequently, if we could identify an animal-rights-respecting, but non-vegan, food system, the zoopolis should be ready to permit it, and even support it. What might this food system contain? This book explores non-sentient—unthinking, unfeeling—invertebrates, as well as those who may be non-sentient. It looks to highly realistic plant-based meats (and other plant-based ‘animal’ products). It considers cellular agriculture, which can produce animal products (such as cultivated meat or milk) with no or little animal involvement. And it asks if we could respectfully keep chickens for their eggs. Although a single book cannot show that a particular food system is the all-things-considered best, it can show that there are a range of reasons for us to believe that a non-vegan food system would be preferable to a fully plant-based system, even in a state that robustly protects animals’ rights.
Black Canadian Cooperators and Countering Anti-Black Racism
Authors: Hossein Caroline Shenaz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe story of cooperativism in Canada is based on the European history of the Rochdale weavers—a history that is not inclusive of people from different heritages. This story makes no mention of the collective and marronage past of Black people that was fundamental to Canada’s own development. This chapter examines Canada’s preoccupation with formally registered cooperatives such as Desjardins and others, which excludes many Black and racialized Canadians. However, Desjardins too started off informally. Understanding the country’s own cooperative story suggests that there is a need to widen its definition to ensure that ROSCAs and other mutual aid groups of the diaspora are included. Currently, Black and racialized people seem to be missing both in the literature and in actual membership of formal cooperatives. By expanding on what we mean by cooperatives for the Canadian context, we will better capture the impact of cooperatives on Black and racially diverse people.
From event perception and action to information states and information exchange
Authors: Cooper Robin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces some basic notions of a theory of action based on TTR and applies TTR to basic notions of information update in dialogue. Here we build on seminal work on the KoS framework by Jonathan Ginzburg and also related computational implementation by Staffan Larsson leading to the information state update approach to dialogue systems. These ideas have been adapted in a way that allows us to pursue the questions of grammar and semantics in the remainder of the book. A central notion is that of the dialogue gameboard which we construe as a type of information state representing the current state of play in the dialogue from the perspective of a dialogue participant. It includes the dialogue participant’s view of what has been committed to as being true in the dialogue so far and what questions are currently under discussion.
Grammar in a theory of action
Authors: Cooper Robin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter shows how syntax and semantics can be embedded in the theory of action. Grammatical rules are regarded in terms of affordances which license us to draw conclusions about the types to be associated with speech events on the basis of speech events previously perceived. This action-based approach has similarities with the relational theory of meaning in situation semantics. There is also a relation to Dynamic Syntax (DS), several strands in linguistic analysis which emphasize the inferential nature of syntactic and semantic processing including parsing as deduction, various kinds of categorial grammar including Type Logical Grammar, and glue semantics. Of particular importance is work on Type-Theoretical Grammar and the Grammatical Framework. The use of records and record types and their similarity to typed feature structures makes the notion of grammar here closely related to that of Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG).
Reference and mental states
Authors: Cooper Robin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines reference by uses of proper names and occurrences of pronouns which are not bound by quantifiers. It introduces a notion of parametric content depending on a context belonging to a certain type. For example, an utterance of the proper name Sam requires a context in which there is an individual named “Sam”. Such context can be found in the conversational gameboard, the ambient situation or the agent’s long-term memory modelled as a type. Reasoning in terms of types allows for the treatment of cases where there are names of non-existent objects or where a single object in the world corresponds to two objects in the resources or vice versa. The proposal to represent different aspects of mental states in terms of record types is closely related to similar proposals for representing mental states using discourse representation structures.
Conclusion
Authors: Cooper Robin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter gives an account of how TTR types can be used to talk of content which is underspecified. The idea is to exploit the notion of types which can have several witnesses as “underspecifications” of those witnesses. Rather than associating contents with utterances as we have done in the earlier chapters, we associate types of contents with utterances. Thus a dialogue participant when observing a speech event associates it with a type of content rather than a particular content. We show how earlier ideas about the treatment of underspecification of quantifier scope and anaphora can be accommodated in this view.
Narrative Interpretation
Authors: Linden-Retek Paul 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 develops an account of narrative constitutional interpretation, oriented around an imaginary of analogy, as the interpretive paradigm able to sustain the virtues of anti-reification. Drawing on the work of American legal theorist Robert Cover, it argues that maintaining the temporal depth of law requires conceiving legal principles to depend upon the narratives that give them meaning. Cover’s innovative conception of legal narrative clarifies how courts resist reification by elaborating constitutional principles and the present patterns of fact in narrative form: that is to say, in light of past genealogy and future iteration. To tell a story about law’s development and possibility is to lay an open-ended claim to the analogical resonance of legal meaning across domains of democratic life: a governing rule, a factually analogous court decision, a public policy, a social custom, and cultural and moral values. Because analogical narratives hew closely to the lived experience that attends the realization of legal principles, faithful analogy illuminates fragments of a forgotten past, as much as it imagines an unpredictable future. Unlike previous imaginaries, analogy replaces the drive towards closure and abstraction with the more time-bound sensitivities of intelligibility. The chapter concludes with a concrete example of narrative interpretation at work: the remarkable Opinion of Advocate General Mengozzi in X and X v Belgium. From a narrow question of the provision of humanitarian visas under EU law, Mengozzi’s opinion builds a systemic critique of the crisis of refugee protection and international justice on the Mediterranean Sea.
Proálcool Reimagined, 1985–2003
Authors: Eaglin Jennifer 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter follows the story of the ethanol program from its rapid collapse in the late 1980s to its resurgence with the launch of the flex-fuel car in 2003. Drought and political mismanagement caused ethanol shortages that encouraged public debate about Proálcool’s long-term viability by 1990. In turn, the new democratic government removed support for the fuel replacement program but continued support for the fuel supplement program under Proálcool II. Propaganda for the revised program focused more on ethanol production’s environmental benefits, the alternative fuel’s contribution to reducing air pollution in large city centers, and the electricity grid. This new focus allowed the industry to successfully transition to a fully privatized industry by the end of the century. The 2003 launch of the new flex-fuel car which could run on any combination of ethanol and gasoline heralded a new beginning for the privatized industry in the twenty-first century.
Middle-Class Dharma
Authors: Ortegren Jennifer D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This book is an ethnographic study of the relationship between religion and class among upwardly mobile Hindus in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. It focuses on women in Pulan, an emerging middle-class neighborhood of Udaipur, and argues that becoming middle class is not only a socioeconomic process, but a religious one. As upwardly mobile Hindu women experiment with middle-class consumer and lifestyle practices, they must negotiate rapidly shifting boundaries of what is possible and appropriate for themselves. In so doing, as this book shows, they are negotiating what is appropriate dharma, the moral grounding of Hindu worlds. It also demonstrates how generating and inhabiting new dharmic, religious selfhoods in the middle classes is a process of aspiration whereby women align emerging middle-class desires with more traditional religious obligations, a process that can be as joyful as it is difficult and disorienting. Analyzing class through the lens of dharma and recognizing class as religious allows us to see how Hindu traditions continue to be reimagined and reshaped in contemporary India through the everyday practices of women. In developing dharma as an analytical concept to recognize what counts as “religion,” this book also pushes for expanding definitions of religion in the social sciences and the humanities both within and beyond the context of Hinduism in South Asia.
Introduction
Authors: Malnig Julie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Introduction lays out the themes of the book, the reasons for the book’s significance, and its relevance to today’s world of popular dance on social media. The themes introduced are the beginnings of television viewership in the 1950s; the emphasis on the family; the emergence of the rock ’n’ roll phenomenon; the rise of the teenagers as a distinct sub-group; and the country’s grappling with racism and racial segregation. The Introduction also defines some special terms and discusses the book’s methodology and approach to this subject matter. It explains that while the author is exploring a system of inequality—Black teenagers were forbidden to dance on most of the shows—she also illustrates how there were instances, nonetheless, of cross-racial collaboration.
Ensuring Early Success
Authors: Jensen Helle Strandgaard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows how the Children’s Television Workshop created a global demand for Sesame Street. Locating the Workshop’s marketing strategy in Europe within the wider framework of its global sales plan, the chapter shows how the Workshop’s dealings with the European and other international markets were tightly linked. The analysis demonstrates how the Workshop used promotions at festivals, in particular at the Prix Jeunesse International, and sales agents in London and Paris to raise interest in its show—all the while trying to avoid criticism of its sales methods and the research behind Sesame Street. The chapter combines a historical investigation of the processes that created global demands with insights from television studies to understand the multitude of strategies that were used in Europe and Latin America to prompt sales. Finally, the chapter shows how and why the generic Sesame Street spin-off concept, Open Sesame, was developed from local experiences in France.
Mr Glutton and Mr Fool
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The death of the first emperor. A prized personal slave had the honour of the last combing of Augustus’s hair, the last holding of a bronze mirror before his Roman nose and thick, grey eyebrows (so very different from his official portraits), the last encouragements in his struggle to ensure that neither sickness nor foreboding of death would be on show to his friends. It was important to keep up appearances when one man’s appearance had become the reality of Roman power. His last words, his hair and jaw in place, his eyebrows in a trimmed unbroken line, conveyed the modesty that he most liked to display. He saw himself as a common actor, taking the curtain-call of a comic play among the stock characters beloved by Roman audiences, Mr Glutton, the fat man, Mr Fool, the village idiot, Mr Chew, the ponderous sloth and Mr Toad, the flatterer.
Succession
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
From the death room in Nola in 14 CE news came only slowly back to the houses of the Palatine. Colonnades, corridors and tunnels connected what had once been separate homes but increasingly were one. It was a network of offices, dining rooms and halls in which truth was power and rumour spread like fire. Tiberius, their likely next master was aged fifty six, an old man in the eyes of Rome, a pimply, surly soldier with a prominent chin, his upper lip hanging over the lower, a learned man but ponderous in speech, a heavy drinker, short-sighted, needing his own serious attention from a hair-dressing slave.
Vitellia’s night out
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Vitellia, the future emperor Aulus Vitellius’s aunt, watched the success and failure of her brothers from the house of her husband. Vitellia had only one name because that was still the style for women at Rome. Rule by the household of Caesar helped some women to extend their household power over the empire but it no more extended their names than it protected them from being abused in histories for lusting after sex and power. All Roman women, with very rare exceptions, had only one name and Vitellia was very respectable but no grandee. The little recorded sister of Lucius and Publius Vitellius became briefly known only for attending a literary party in 21 CE. It was a poetry reading, the kind of event that Augustus had encouraged on the Palatine. The poet on this occasion was a writer of flattery-on-demand.
Lucius Vitellius and the Son of God
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pontius Pilate, like all servants abroad, needed to follow events in Rome much more closely than his masters ever followed the trials of Jerusalem. The Jews recognised that truth as well as their governor did, not just when the issue was the fate of a self-proclaimed king and son of god. The Jewish leaders had cultivated many allies on the Palatine. So had their rivals. A battle beneath Capitol Hill produced results; one by the Mount of Olives usually not so much. The governorship of Roman Judaea came with no legions. Pilate was as an administrator. He needed no news of disturbances to reach Capri, no tales against him. If he failed, the nearest army was controlled by Lucius Vitellius, the governor of Syria from 34 CE for whom friendship with the emperor was the aim always most paramount. Then Tiberius was suddenly dead. His successor was a new challenge.
Ill will for the twin
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In the court of the Palatine the terms of Tiberius’s will were an early casualty. Like Augustus, the dying emperor had been suspicious of his successor till close to the end. His preferred choice was his own teenage grandson, Gemellus. But when Tiberius’s death eventually came, Gemellus was still too unsupported within the household. Tiberius felt able to bequeath instead only that the two young men should share power. Caligula promised to adopt Gemellus instead. Gemellus became ever more reasonably anxious. He began adding to his diet antidotes to common poisons, ingredients like Cretan carrots, wild poppy and parsley, myrrh and frankincense, rhubarb and ginger. Like all cough medicines they left an odour on the breath. Caligula sniffed the air and sensed an ‘antidote against Caesar’. On the charge of thinking that he would be poisoned at the emperor’s dinner table, Gemellus was ordered to kill himself.
Man talks to a Moon
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Caligula said he was the Sun. Whether Caligula believed this was unimportant. A man who presented himself as the Sun might reasonably imagine himself alongside the Moon. This was a kind of logic. The Sun and Moon were like each other. They were both visible gods. The Moon was also the goddess that came to men at night in dreams. She had a temple on the Palatine. In the new realism of the court it might seem natural that the chariot-riding Emperor and his neighbour should be friends. Lucius was quick to absorb these new rules. Humouring was not enough. ‘I am talking to the moon’, Caligula told him: ‘Can you see her with me too?’ Lucius showed no surprise. He replied that he could not see the emperor with the moon because ‘gods were visible only to other gods.’ This was the wit of an experienced man.
Good water, golden meat
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Caligula also played the benevolent patriarch, initiating a new aqueduct and other projects as well as the Palatine palace which was growing fast. An ancient temple of the Forum became a new entrance. The twin divinities, Castor and Pollux, one with a Greek king for a father, the other sired by Jupiter, were Caligula’s doormen. This was a world of blurred lines. A gold statue of Caligula had to be daily dressed in whatever the emperor was wearing, served by priests who were themselves flattered by sacrifices for their table, peacocks and grouse. Those who had shared the parties of Caligula’s youth, like Aulus Vitelllius, shared the riotous street-rampages permitted by his impunity. Aulus became a charioteer himself, the sport of the Moon and Sun in the heavens. His single gashed thigh was a lucky escape.
Food and fire
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
When fire raged through Rome in the summer of 64 CE, it was not an unusual disaster for a city built of more wood than stone. The firefighters had better access to water than those who had done the job in the past. Nero’s corn managers organised food. Subsidies were paid and prices controlled. The emperor’s failure was what he saw himself as his instant success, his personal performance of a song about the fire at Troy. Audiences also watched Nero play the part of Hercules, a madman in chains who had murdered his wife and children. A vast palace of banqueting halls, revolving ceilings and stages, was built where the fire had destroyed. Nero’s builders ordered coloured marbles for his Golden House from across the empire. Glass sparkled in the mosaic ceiling like night sky. Frescoes and floors filled with sea monsters.
A drink to defeat
Authors: Stothard Peter 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aulus began his own march north against the forces of Vespasian. A crowd of senators followed behind. Gradually their numbers fell. His senior courtiers encouraged him for longer, knowing that their own survival might not survive another change of control. When Aulus had marched on Rome in April he was like a lottery-winner floating on a cloud of success. Making the return journey he was still popular but on a darker cloud. Messages arrived in Vespasian’s name offering generous terms for surrender, retirement homes near Nuceria where his family began, safety for the next generation, his son and children, a life with money and slaves. He responded with queries about exactly where his houses would be, the quality of sea views and kitchen service.
How Documentaries Went Mainstream
Authors: Stone Nora 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Documentary feature films have historically existed on the margins of mainstream media. In the United States, enterprising documentarians have spent most of the past sixty years struggling to find a larger, broader audience for their films. Often negatively associated with long-form television journalism and tedious educational programming, documentaries have rarely escaped their perceived status as “cultural vegetables”—good for you, but relatively unappealing. Since the 1960s, documentary films have moved closer to the mainstream, thanks to the popularity of rockumentaries, association with the independent film movement, support from public and cable television, and the rise of streaming video services. Documentary films have become reliable earners at the US box office and ubiquitous on streaming platforms. Drawing on archival documents, industry trade journals and popular press, and interviews with filmmakers and film distributors, this history illuminates how documentary features have become more plentiful, popular, and profitable than ever before.
A Rising Tide
Authors: Stone Nora 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 explores how American independent film culture and institutions led to greater support for documentary film. While Hollywood released fewer films, new independent distribution companies and studio classics divisions acquired documentary films. Those documentaries with a music or performance element, like Say Amen Somebody (1982) and Stop Making Sense (1984), proved particularly appealing. At the same time, documentarians extended the do-it-yourself practices of political filmmaking collectives by self-distributing their films, as with Word Is Out (1978), The War at Home (1979), and The Atomic Cafe (1982). Film Forum often provided a launchpad for these intrepid documentarians, who shared their strategies for success in the pages of The Independent. The infrastructure that supported independent fiction film—Sundance Film Festival, Independent Feature Project, Association of Independent Video and Filmmakers—also buoyed independent documentarians during this era.
Television or Cinema?
Authors: Stone Nora 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 covers the 1990s, a period in which some documentaries, including Paris Is Burning (1991) and When We Were Kings (1996) earned higher grosses at the box office. But this escalation in commercial value led to a widening gap between powerful distribution companies that occasionally picked up documentaries and smaller distributors that distributed the majority of documentary films. The increasing commercial prospects also brought the conflict over documentary films as cinema or television to a head. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences tried to enshrine the distinction with a rule change, decreeing that documentary films must have a regular theatrical release in order to qualify for Academy Awards nominations. This led to HBO shifting its strategy surrounding documentary films.