bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic evidence reveals high genetic diversity in a narrowly distributed species and natural hybridization risk with a widespread species in the genus Geodorum
Authors: Zhu Xianliang , Tang Jianmin , Jiang Haidu , Yang Yishan , Chen Zongyou , Zou Rong , Xu Aizhu , Luo Yajin , Deng Zhenhai , Wei Xiao , Chai Shengfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding genetic diversity is a core issue in conservation genetics. However, previous genetic diversity evaluations of narrowly distributed species have rarely used closely related widespread species as a reference. Furthermore, identifying natural hybridization signals between narrowly and widely distributed sympatric species is of great importance for the development of species conservation programs.MethodsIn this study, population genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was performed for a narrowly distributed species,Geodorum eulophioides(endemic and endangered in Southwest China), and a widespread species,G. densiflorum. A total of 18,490 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at the whole-genome level.ResultsThe results showed that the nucleotide diversity and heterozygosity ofG. eulophioideswere significantly higher than those ofG. densiflorum, confirming that narrowly distributed species can still preserve high genetic diversity. Consistent with taxonomic boundaries, all sampled individuals from the two species were divided into two genetic clusters and showed high genetic differentiation between species. However, in a sympatric population, a fewG. eulophioidesindividuals were detected with genetic components fromG. densiflorum, suggesting potential interspecific natural hybridization. This hypothesis was supported by Treemix analysis and hand-hybridization trials. Invasion of the habitat ofG. eulophioidesinvasion byG. densiflorumunder anthropogenic disturbance may be the main factor causing interspecific hybridization.ConclusionsTherefore, reducing or avoiding habitat disturbance is a key measure to protect theG. eulophioidespopulations. This study provides valuable information for future conservation programs for narrowly distributed species.
Genetic diversity and selection signatures in a gene bank panel of maize inbred lines from Southeast Europe compared with two West European panels
Authors: Galić Vlatko , Anđelković Violeta , Kravić Natalija , Grčić Nikola , Ledenčan Tatjana , Jambrović Antun , Zdunić Zvonimir , Nicolas Stéphane , Charcosset Alain , Šatović Zlatko , Šimić Domagoj 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSoutheast Europe (SEE) is a very important maize-growing region, comparable to the Corn belt region of the United States, with similar dent germplasm (dent by dent hybrids). Historically, this region has undergone several genetic material swaps, following the trends in the US, with one of the most significant swaps related to US aid programs after WWII. The imported accessions used to make double-cross hybrids were also mixed with previously adapted germplasm originating from several more distant OPVs, supporting the transition to single cross-breeding. Many of these materials were deposited at the Maize Gene Bank of the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (MRIZP) between the 1960s and 1980s. A part of this Gene Bank (572 inbreds) was genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Maize Genotyping Array with 616,201 polymorphic variants. Data were merged with two other genotyping datasets with mostly European flint (TUM dataset) and dent (DROPS dataset) germplasm. The final pan-European dataset consisted of 974 inbreds and 460,243 markers. Admixture analysis showed seven ancestral populations representing European flint, B73/B14, Lancaster, B37, Wf9/Oh07, A374, and Iodent pools. Subpanel of inbreds with SEE origin showed a lack of Iodent germplasm, marking its historical context. Several signatures of selection were identified at chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The regions under selection were mined for protein-coding genes and were used for gene ontology (GO) analysis, showing a highly significant overrepresentation of genes involved in response to stress. Our results suggest the accumulation of favorable allelic diversity, especially in the context of changing climate in the genetic resources of SEE.
Effect of wet-heparinized suction on the quality of mediastinal solid tumor specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: a retrospective study from a single center
Authors: Xu Bo , Lu Qian , Fang Rong , Dai Xiaojuan , Xu Haiyan , Ding Xiangwu , Gui Huawei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Mediastinal lesions are diagnosed sometimes by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Wet-heparinized suction technique has been used to improve the quality of abdominal solid tumor samples obtained by EUS-FNA. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of wet-heparinized suction on the quality of mediastinal solid tumor samples and to evaluate the safety of the method.

Methods
The medical records, EUS-FNA records, pathologic data, and follow-up data between the patients who suspected mediastinal lesions with wet-heparinized suction and conventional suction were retrospectively and comparatively analyzed. Adverse events at 48 h and 1 week after EUS-FNA were evaluated.

Results
Wet-heparinized suction contributed to more tissue specimens (P < 0.05), superior tissue integrity (P < 0.05), and a longer length of white tissue core (P < 0.05). In addition, the more complete the tissue bar was, the higher the rate of successful sample (P < 0.05). Moreover, the total length of the white tissue bar at the first puncture was remarkably longer in the Experimental group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in red blood cell contamination in paraffin sections was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no complication after discharge in both groups.

Conclusion
Wet-heparinized suction can improve the quality of mediastinal lesion samples obtained by EUS-FNA and increase the success rate of sampling. In addition, it will not aggravate blood contamination in paraffin sections while ensuring a safe puncture.
Persistent neurological symptoms and elevated intracranial pressures in a previously healthy host with cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: El-Atoum Mohammad , Hargarten Jessica C. , Park Yoon-Dong , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Ding Li , Chittiboina Prashant , Hammoud Dima A. , Anjum Seher H. , Glassman Seth R. , Merchant Shehzad , Williamson Peter R. , Hu John C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCryptococcal meningoencephalitis can occur in both previously healthy and immunocompromised hosts. Here, we describe a 55 year-old HIV-negative male with no known prior medical problems, who presented with three months of worsening headaches, confusion, and memory changes without fever. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated bilateral enlargement/enhancement of the choroid plexi, with hydrocephalus, temporal and occipital horn entrapments, as well as marked periventricular transependymal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seepage. CSF analysis yielded a lymphocytic pleocytosis and cryptococcal antigen titer of 1:160 but sterile fungal cultures. Despite standard antifungal therapy and CSF drainage, the patient had worsening confusion and persistently elevated intracranial pressures. External ventricular drainage led to improved mental status but only with valve settings at negative values. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement could thus not be considered due to a requirement for drainage into the positive pressure venous system. Due to this persistent CSF inflammation and cerebral circulation obstruction, the patient required transfer to the National Institute of Health. He was treated for cryptococcal post-infectious inflammatory response syndrome with pulse-taper corticosteroid therapy, with resultant reductions in CSF pressures along with decreased protein and obstructive material, allowing successful shunt placement. After tapering of corticosteroids, the patient recovered without sequelae. This case highlights (1) the necessity to consider cryptococcal meningitis as a rare cause of neurological deterioration in the absence of fever even in apparently immunocompetent individuals and (2) the potential for obstructive phenomena from inflammatory sequelae and the prompt response to corticosteroid therapy.
Use of Bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma: a scoping review and evidence map
Authors: Fu Minjie , Zhou Zhirui , Huang Xiao , Chen Zhenchao , Zhang Licheng , Zhang Jinsen , Hua Wei , Mao Ying 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary tumor in the brain, with poor prognosis and limited effective therapies. Although Bevacizumab (BEV) has shown promise in extending progression-free survival (PFS) treating GBM, there is no evidence for its ability to prolong overall survival (OS). Given the uncertainty surrounding BEV treatment strategies, we aimed to provide an evidence map associated with BEV therapy for recurrent GBM (rGBM).

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for the period from January 1, 1970, to March 1, 2022, for studies reporting the prognoses of patients with rGBM receiving BEV. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL). The secondary endpoints were PFS, steroid use reduction, and risk of adverse effects. A scoping review and an evidence map were conducted to explore the optimal BEV treatment (including combination regimen, dosage, and window of opportunity).

Results
Patients with rGBM could gain benefits in PFS, palliative, and cognitive advantages from BEV treatment, although the OS benefits could not be verified with high-quality evidence. Furthermore, BEV combined therapy (especially with lomustine and radiotherapy) showed higher efficacy than BEV monotherapy in the survival of patients with rGBM. Specific molecular alterations (IDH mutation status) and clinical features (large tumor burden and double-positive sign) could predict better responses to BEV administration. A low dosage of BEV showed equal efficacy to the recommended dose, but the optimal opportunity window for BEV administration remains unclear.

Conclusions
Although OS benefits from BEV-containing regimens could not be verified in this scoping review, the PFS benefits and side effects control supported BEV application in rGBM. Combining BEV with novel treatments like tumor-treating field (TTF) and administration at first recurrence may optimize the therapeutic efficacy. rGBM with a low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCL), large tumor burden, or IDH mutation is more likely to benefit from BEV treatment. High-quality studies are warranted to explore the combination modality and identify BEV-response subpopulations to maximize benefits.
Validation of the German Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire and replication of sensory processing differences in students with higher and lower Autism-Spectrum Quotient
Authors: Zeisel Annalena , Thiel Tobias , Gaigg Sebastian B. , Roessner Veit , Ring Melanie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire (GSQ) gives insight into sensory processing differences (hypo- and hyper-sensitivity across modalities), which is a clinically defining characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Because there is no validated German version of this instrument, this study aimed at validating the German GSQ. Further, a replication of the GSQ’s sensory processing differences was intended.

Methods
University students of Technische Universität or Universitätsklinikum in Dresden, Germany, were recruited via email distribution or the university homepage and 297 German-speaking students completed the online survey, comprising the German GSQ, Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Symptom-Checklist (SCL-90). For validation of the German GSQ, confirmatory factor analyses followed by exploratory factor analyses were applied.

Results
The German GSQ has moderate to low validity, good to acceptable reliability, and a different internal structure from the original GSQ. Replicating the sensory processing differences in students with higher and lower AQ was not successful.

Conclusions
Results indicate that the GSQ, developed especially for individuals with ASD, is less informative for the general population if there are not enough individuals with higher AQ scores in the sample.
Fogging to combat dengue: factors influencing stakeholders' attitudes in Malaysia
Authors: Arham Ahmad Firdhaus , Amin Latifah , Mustapa Muhammad Adzran Che , Mahadi Zurina , Yaacob Mashitoh , Wasli Mohamad Muhidin Patahol , Rusly Noor Sharizad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Fogging is a conventional technique used to combat Aedes mosquitoes and prevent dengue disease. It is often implemented in outbreak areas or areas harbouring a high density of Aedes mosquitoes. Currently, studies on stakeholders' attitudes towards fogging are still limited in number. Therefore, this study aims to assess Malaysian attitudes, and identify the predicting factors influencing such attitudes.

Methods
A validated instrument was used to interview 399 randomly selected respondents from the public (n = 202, 50.6%) and scientists (n = 197, 49.4%) in the Klang Valley region of Malaysia. The data were analysed using PLS-SEM involving Smart-PLS software.

Results
The results confirmed that stakeholder attitudes toward fogging should be viewed in terms of a multi-dimensional association. The stakeholders surveyed were highly positive with regard to the application of fogging to control dengue but professed moderate concerns as to associated risks. The PLS-SEM analyses demonstrated that the perceived benefit was the most important factor influencing attitudes, followed by trust in key players.

Conclusions
This result provides a good insight from the perspective of education and unravels the underlying fundamentals of stakeholders' attitudes toward the fogging technique. The findings also provide a positive indicator to the responsible parties involved to continue the usage of this technique in conjunction with improvements with regard to its safety aspects, and possibly in combination with other environmental-friendly alternatives in order to achieve a healthy environment without dengue in Malaysia.
Association between internal migration experience and depressive symptoms: analysis of PSID data
Authors: Liao Zi-Xuan , Tan Xiao-Min , Zhao Ying-Ying , Sun Xiao-Cui , Yi Fa-Ling 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Depression is on the rise globally. Additionally, the United States has a high level of population mobility. The main aim of this study was to provide a reference for improving the mental health of internal migrants by investigating the relationship between internal migration experience and depressive symptoms.

Methods
We analysed data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We included PSID data from the 2005 to 2019 waves in which all respondents were asked about their internal migration experience and depressive symptoms. This study included 15,023 participants. T tests, chi-square tests, multiple logistic regression methods were performed and fixed effects model.

Results
In the sample, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 4.42%. The risk of depression in internal migrants was 1.259 times (OR = 1.259, 95% CI = (1.025–1.547, p < 0.05) that of nonmigrants. Internal migration experience was significantly positively associated with female depressive episodes (OR = 1.312, 95% CI = 1.010–1.704, p < 0.05) and increased risk of becoming depressed at a young age (OR = 1.304, 95% CI = 1.010–1.684, p < 0.05). The association between internal migration experience and depressive symptoms was more significant for participants who might move (OR = 1.459, 95% CI = 1.094–1.947, p < 0.05). In addition, different internal migratory causes are associated with depressive symptoms to varying degrees.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the need for greater policy attention to mental health inequalities between Internal migrants and those who never move away from their hometown in the United States. Our study provides a foundation for further research.
The natural course of incidental ureteral polyp during ureteroscopic surgery: KSER research
Authors: Cho Sung Yong , Oh Kyung-Jin , Jung Wonho , Kim Hyung Joon , Lee Sang Hyub , Lee Joo Yong , Lee Dong Sup 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The natural course of polypoid lesions in the ureter during ureteroscopic stone surgery was not yet clarified.

Methods
Patient data were collected prospectively from six teaching hospitals between 2019 and 2021. Patients with polypoid lesions in the ureter distal to ureteral stones were included during ureteroscopy. Computed tomography was performed on all enrolled patients three months after the procedure. Follow-up ureteroscopy was performed only if the patient consented, due to the need for general anesthesia and ethical considerations.

Results
Among the 35 patients who were followed up, 14 had fibroepithelial polyps and 21 had inflammatory polyps. Twenty of the followed-up patients underwent ureteroscopy, and nine of them had fibroepithelial polyps. Although fibroepithelial polyps did not disappear in the follow-up ureteroscopy (p = 0.002), the rate of postoperative hydronephrosis was not higher in the fibroepithelial group than in the inflammatory group. Postoperative ureteral stricture and moderate-to-severe hydronephrosis were found to be closely related to the number of resected polyps, regardless of the type of polyp (p = 0.014 and 0.006, respectively).

Conclusion
Fibroepithelial polyps in the ureter may persist after treatment of adjacent ureter stones. However, conservative management may be preferable to active removal of ureteral polyps because fibroepithelial polyps may not contribute to clinically significant hydronephrosis after surgery, and inflammatory polyps disappear spontaneously. Hasty resections of polyps may increase the risk of ureteral stricture.
‘But what if you miss something …?’: factors that influence medical student consideration of cost in decision making
Authors: Tan Emmanuel , Ng Wei Ming , Soh Poh Choong , Tan Daniel , Cleland Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Context
Cost-conscious care is critical for healthcare sustainability but evidence suggests that most doctors do not consider cost in their clinical decision making. A critical step in changing this is understanding the barriers to encouraging behaviours and attitudes related to cost-conscious care. We therefore conducted a qualitative study to address the research question: what factors influence consideration of cost in emergency medicine (ED) clinical decision making?

Methods
This was a qualitative focus group study using patient vignettes to explore attitudes towards cost-conscious clinical decision making. Participants were Year 4 and Year 5 medical students from Singapore, a country with a fee-for-service healthcare system. After a data-driven initial data analysis, and to make sense of a multitude of factors impacting on cost conscious care, we selected Fishbein’s integrative model of behavioural prediction to underpin secondary data analysis.

Results
Via four focus groups with 21 participants, we identified five main themes relevant to the integrative model of behavioural prediction. These were: attitudes towards considering cost when managing a patient (e.g., “better safe than sorry”); normative beliefs (e.g., doing what others do, perceptions of patient wishes); efficacy beliefs (e.g., no authority to take decisions or challenge); skills and knowledge (e.g., little knowledge of costs), and environmental constraints (e.g., the nature of the healthcare system).

Discussion
Medical students do not consider cost in their clinical decision making due to numerous factors, of which lack of knowledge of costs is but one. While some of the factors identified reflect those found in previous studies with residents and fully-trained staff, and in other contexts, theory driven analysis added value in that it facilitated a richer exploration of why students do not consider cost in clinical decision making. Our findings provide insight to inform how best to engage and empower educators and learners in teaching and learning about cost-conscious care.
Dietary non-starch polysaccharides impair immunity to enteric nematode infection
Authors: Valente Angela H. , Jensen Karen M. R. , Myhill Laura J. , Zhu Ling , Mentzel Caroline M. J. , Krych Lukasz , Simonsen Henrik T. , Castro-Mejía Josue L. , Gobbi Alex , Bach Knudsen Knud Erik , Nielsen Dennis S. , Thamsborg Stig M. , Williams Andrew R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The influence of diet on immune function and resistance to enteric infection and disease is becoming ever more established. Highly processed, refined diets can lead to inflammation and gut microbiome dysbiosis, whilst health-promoting dietary components such as phytonutrients and fermentable fibres are thought to promote a healthy microbiome and balanced mucosal immunity. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a leafy green vegetable rich in fibres and bioactive compounds that may promote gut health.

Results
Unexpectedly, we here show that incorporation of chicory into semisynthetic AIN93G diets renders mice susceptible to infection with enteric helminths. Mice fed a high level of chicory leaves (10% dry matter) had a more diverse gut microbiota, but a diminished type-2 immune response to infection with the intestinal roundworm Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Furthermore, the chicory-supplemented diet significantly increased burdens of the caecum-dwelling whipworm Trichuris muris, concomitant with a highly skewed type-1 immune environment in caecal tissue. The chicory-supplemented diet was rich in non-starch polysaccharides, particularly uronic acids (the monomeric constituents of pectin). In accordance, mice fed pectin-supplemented AIN93G diets had higher T. muris burdens and reduced IgE production and expression of genes involved in type-2 immunity. Importantly, treatment of pectin-fed mice with exogenous IL-25 restored type-2 responses and was sufficient to allow T. muris expulsion.

Conclusions
Collectively, our data suggest that increasing levels of fermentable, non-starch polysaccharides in refined diets compromises immunity to helminth infection in mice. This diet-infection interaction may inform new strategies for manipulating the gut environment to promote resistance to enteric parasites.