bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Milk Quality, a Training Course for Dairy Farmers
Authors: Lévesque Pierre , Bouchard E. , Marcoux R. , Baillargeon P. , Bouchard M. , Trépanier A. 
Published: March 2023

Over the last three years, a training course on Milk Quality Management was developed for dairy farmers. In three years, over forty 20-hour sessions have been held. Clearly, the demand from dairy farmers for such sessions is on the rise, so we decided to train new instructors and make high quality educational material available to them.
Although dairy farmers can use the educational material at home, we recommend that groups be formed for a 15- to 25-hour training course, which provides participants with a unique opportunity to discuss the topics that most concern them.
During the winter of 1996-1997 over 80 groups averaging 20 dairy farmers have been trained in Quebec. In addition, a number of individuals and institutions have used this material.
A survey has been done on the impacts of this training on milking practices and management.
Role of infected, non-diseased badgers in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in the badger
Authors: Gallagher J. , Monies R. , Gavier-Widen M. , Rule B. 
Published: March 2023

The lungs and kidneys of 15 badgers which had no visible lesions of tuberculosis but from which Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from pooled collections of lymph nodes were serially sectioned.
Full article published in Veterinary Record (1998) 142, 710-714.
Effective Immunization of Cattle
Authors: Schultz R. D. 
Published: March 2023

Development of highly effective and safe vaccines based on all of the best scientific information available will achieve little or nothing if the vaccines are not used appropriately.
Thus the challenges for vaccinologists into the 21st century will be to develop vaccines that are: 1) truly needed, 2) as safe as possible, to avoid immediate or future health problems for the vaccinees and non-vaccinated contacts, 3) effective in preventing disease in the vaccinees and possibly effective in reducing the threat of disease for non-vaccinated individuals, 4) cost effective (e.g. do not cause production losses that are greater than the savings expected from the vaccine) and, 5) stable and easily administered, so they readily reach the target population that will benefit by receiving them.
Practical Computerized Monitoring of Parlor Cow Flow
Authors: Stewart Steven C. , Eicker Steven W. 
Published: March 2023

As dairies grow larger, efficient operation of the milking parlor becomes critical for many reasons. First, it is typically one of the largest capital investments on the dairy. Second, it is often the limiting resource to further expansion. Third, it requires a substantial percentage of the total labor force on the dairy. Fourth, it is often the place where disease detection occurs or cows are identified for other management needs. It is also often the actual site of treatment or sorting for further action. Therefore, constant monitoring of a parlor is necessary to keep it operating at peak efficiency.
Electronics in the form of automatic identification and electronic milk weighing meters, coupled with computers and herd management software, are increasingly being used to aid this monitoring. This area has much potential to allow better management control and decision making, but usually this potential (as well as the substantial investment for the electronics) is at best greatly under-utilized, if not wasted. This paper will discuss using electronically captured data to monitor and manage parlor performance.
Effect of hoof characteristics on the propensity of cattle to slip
Authors: Phillips C. J. C. , Coe R. , Colgan M. , Duffus C. , Ingoldby L. , Pond M. , Postlethwaite S. 
Published: March 2023

Bovine hooves were assessed for their linear and volumetric characteristics and ranked in sets of four for hoof volume.
Full article published in Veterinary Record (1998) 142, 242-245.
Beyond the Skin: How African American Women Senior Administrators Describe Their Experiences of Developing an Authentic Leadership Style
Authors: Cook Olivia 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we used a qualitative multiple case study approach. We used the authentic leadership framework (Luthans & Avolio, 2003) to examine how African American women in senior administrator roles, particularly in the president’s cabinet, at a member institution of the Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities (APLU) in Alabama describe their experiences of developing an authentic leadership style. Following previous studies and recommendations for future research (Davis, 2016; Milner, 2006; Pace, 2017; Robinson, 2017; Wiggs-Harris, 2011), the following research question guides this work: How do African American women senior administrators describe their experiences of developing a leadership style? The results of this study revealed six common themes that are related to the authentic leadership style development of African American women. Code-switching was also an interesting element that emerged from some of the interviews, which may impact how some of them may present themselves and are perceived by others. In relation to the findings, theories of authentic leadership and intersectionality are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
Keywords: African American women, authentic leadership, senior administrator
Invisible Labor for Emerging Women Leaders: A Critical Analysis of Literature in Higher Education
Authors: Norander Stephanie , Zenk Leslie 
Published: March 2023

Women faculty often view academic leadership as incompatible with their work-life balance, detracting from research and teaching commitments, resulting in a loss of autonomy and an abandonment of discipline, promoting change in their relationships with colleagues, and placing an increased emphasis on budgeting, regulations and compliance (DeZure et al., 2014). Many researchers suggest that institutional culture works against leadership development for faculty, making the transition from faculty to administrator unlikely (Barden & Curry, 2013). It is increasingly important to identify the key factors that make the difference for women faculty to assume these roles. As such, in this study qualitative methods were employed to examine the experiences and career trajectories of 16 academic women who held tenured, fully promoted faculty positions prior to becoming administrators. The researcher found evidence to support future recruitment and retention in higher education leadership.
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Young Individuals - A Mini Review
Authors: Susarla Rohan Rishabh , Eldin Rania Zein , Coelho Ritika 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has dominated the last two years of the life of young individuals from every aspect. Medical illness associated with COVID-19 is only one element of the detrimental impact that it has had. The psychological, educational, and social aspects of young individuals have been affected with potentially far-reaching effects. The aim of this review is to determine the negative impact of COVID-19 in each of these areas and inform future practices or policies on the management of young individuals impacted by COVID-19 or future pandemics of this magnitude.

Methods:
We have collated and analyzed data available on the psychosocial, educational, and social aspects of young individuals in an attempt to understand the negative impact of COVID-19 on this group. Data were collected from an extensive Medline search of relevant articles relating to the effect of COVID-19 on individuals less than eighteen years.

Results:
Our results show that although young individuals experienced a milder form of COVID-19 in the pandemic, conditions, such as anxiety, depression, and loss of routine, have caused considerable comorbidities in this population. Young individuals have also experienced a greater rise in obesity and a higher incidence of myopia. A key finding of this review showed that children with special needs experienced a lack of continuity of care. Additionally, distant and digital learning presented challenges for children from different backgrounds. Concerns regarding wider issues, such as finance, have also directly impacted young individuals. Vaccination for COVID-19 among children has also raised important ethical issues.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 has negatively impacted the psychological, physical, and emotional needs of young individuals with potentially far-reaching consequences. A combined psychosocial and clinical approach to tackling the specific needs of young individuals is essential to support the needs and management of individuals affected by the pandemic. The findings of our review recommend measures to include balancing screen time with outdoor activity and encouraging the continued education of children regarding good health practices and vaccination in particular. We hope that this will inform future practices or policies on the management of young individuals impacted by COVID-19 or future pandemics of this magnitude.
The Effect of Synthetic Curcumin Analogues on Obesity, Diabetes
and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Lavian Salime , Mardaneh Pegah , Bagherniya Mohammad , Emami Seyed Ahmad , Butler Alexandra E. , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
Obesity, as an unfavorable consequence of our modern lifestyle, can promote
the emergence of other disorders, like diabetes and cardiovascular disease, that negatively
impact quality of life. Therefore, prevention and treatment of obesity and its related comorbidities
are critical. Lifestyle modification is the first and most important step but, in
practical terms, presents a major challenge to many patients. So, the development of new
strategies and therapies is critical for these patients. Although herbal bioactive compounds
have recently gained attention for their ability to prevent and treat conditions related
to obesity, no ideal pharmacological treatment has been found to treat obesity. Curcumin,
one of the compounds extracted from turmeric, is a well-studied active herbal extract;
however, its poor bioavailability and solubility in water, instability against temperature,
light and pH fluctuations and rapid excretion limit its therapeutic application. Curcumin
modification can, however, provide novel analogues with better performance and
fewer disadvantages in comparison to the original structure. In the past few years, the positive
effects of synthetic analogues of curcumin for the treatment of obesity, diabetes and
cardiovascular disorders have been reported. In this review, we evaluate the strengths
and weaknesses of the reported artificial derivatives and assess their practicality as therapeutic
agents.
Design, Synthesis and In vitro Screening of Novel 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole-
Clubbed Phenylacetamides as Potential Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Gurram Swarupa Rani , Azam Mohammed Afzal , Palathoti Nagarjuna 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The frightening rise of bacterial resistance is occurring worldwide and endangering
the efficacy of antibiotics. Hence, the development of novel and potent antibacterial is a need of the
day.

Objective:
In this study, we designed and synthesized compounds C1-C11. These compounds are characterized
by their FT-IR, NMR and MS spectral data and examined in vitro for their antibacterial activity.

Methods:
Compounds C1-C11 were synthesized by reacting 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with appropriate
chloroacetamide in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate and dry acetone at room temperature.
To assess the antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations were
examined by broth microdilution method against the selected strains of both Gram-positive and Gramnegative
bacteria. Time-kill kinetics study was also performed as per CLSI guidelines.

Results:
Compounds C6 and C7 displayed promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC
43300 with MICs of 9.43 and 7.73 μM, respectively. These two compounds also displayed promising
antibacterial activity against S. aureus 5021 with MIC values of 7.53 and 9.68 μM, respectively. In MBC
determination, these two compounds (tested in the concentration range of 7.53 to 262.3 μM) displayed
bactericidal activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300, S. aureus NCIM 5021 and S.
aureus NCIM 5022. In time-kill kinetics study, compounds C6 and C7 also exhibited bactericidal activity
against S. aureus NCIM 5021 and S. aureus ATCC 43300 after 12 h of exposure. In general, all tested
compounds exhibited poor activity against Mycobacterium sp. NCIM 2984 and also against tested Gramnegative
bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae NCIM 2706, Escherichia coli NCIM 2065 and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa NCIM 2036. Further, computed ADMET properties of C1-C11 showed a favourable pharmacokinetic
profile with zero violation of Lipinski’s rule of five.

Conclusion:
The result showed that in phenylacetamides C6 and C7 presence of phenyl ring substituted
with -CF3 group is responsible for their high antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MICs,
9.43 and 7.73 μM, respectively). These two compounds also exhibited bactericidal activity respectively
against S. aureus NCIM 5021 in time kill kinetics study.
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Child Abuse and Neglect Among Dental Students from North Macedonia
Authors: Ambarkova Vesna , Gavic Lidia , Ivanovski Kiro , Apostolska Sonja , Karakamcev Tomo , Demiri Elma , Ambarkov Jovan 
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Signs of child abuse and neglect are often found in the orofacial region and, therefore, it is very important for dental students, as future dentists, to recognize and report them.
The aim of the study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes towards child abuse and neglect among dental students.
Material and Methods. The study was performed at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saints Cyril and Methodius University, among all dental students of the six-year undergraduate dental programme. The data were collected between January and February 2022 using a Google Form and shared via available social media platforms. The definition of physical indicators of abuse, awareness regarding legal and ethical issues, students’ experience of child abuse recognition were evaluated by a questionnaire.
Results. The questionnaire completion rate was 70%. As many as 20.86% of dental students very rarely received training on recognizing and reporting child abuse and neglect; 79.75% of dental students had never received any information about child abuse during their university education; about 91.41% of students wanted to receive more knowledge about child abuse and neglect. No differences were observed in terms of gender and year of study.
Conclusions. Dental students in North Macedonia are not sufficiently prepared for their role in diagnosing suspected cases of child abuse. An educational program about diagnosing, reporting, and preventing child abuse and neglect should be involved in the curriculum of undergraduate students from North Macedonia.
The values of the rebo wekasan tradition as a source of social studies learning
Authors: Nurjaman Zamzam , Widyanti Triani , Suherman Ade , Mulyana Eldi 
Published: March 2023

Environmental-based education at this time has a very important meaning in building students' character, with social studies learning resources that can be used as a medium to internalize the traditional values that exist in the student environment. An educator must also better understand and master the tradition. This study aims to build student character and expand environmental-based social studies learning resources by introducing the values of the rebo wekasan tradition in the learner's environment. This research method is qualitative with interview data collection techniques on community leaders in Singajaya District. The results of this study are the values contained in the rebo wekasan tradition, namely (1) religious values, attitudes closer to God, and tolerant of people with different beliefs; (2) the value of sharing or social care, in the rebo wekasan tradition, the community is required to pray or share with fellow humans even though people have different beliefs; (3) cultural values, the Rebo Wekasan tradition has culture and traditions that are believed by Muslims who carry out various traditions such as drinking isim water, eating dupi (ketupat wrapped in bamboo leaves); and (4) historical value, in the implementation of the rebo wekasan tradition, historical values are always instilled in the congregation to provide positive values from various historical deviations in the rebo wekasan situation.
Alih Kode dan Campur Kode Tuturan Mahasiswa dalam Diskusi Grup WhatsApp
Authors: Trinaldi Adit , Wawa Anasya Salsabela , Halimahtuyadiah Nur , Kusmana Ade , Rustam Rustam 
Published: March 2023

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan bentuk alih kode dan campur kode, selanjutnya menjelaskan faktor terjadinya alih kode dan campur kode, terakhir ialah menjelaskan strategi yang digunakan dalam tuturan mahasiswa saat berdiskusi melalui Whatsapp. Metode yang digunakan peneliti ialah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian analisis isi. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah chat melalui pesan whastaap. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa MPBSI saat berdiskusi. Data penelitian didapatkan melalui SLBC dan teknik catat. Validitas menggunakan diri sendiri dan triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi alih kode dan campur kode saat berdiskusi. Strategi dan faktor mahasiswa dalam berdiskusi melakukan alih kode terkesan ingin lebih akrab, sedangkan campur kode ingi terlihat formal. Pengaruh alih kode intern lebih banyak dari pada ekstern sedangkan campur kode ekstern lebih banyak daripada intern dapat menjadi kajian selanjutnya.
Kata kunci: sosiolinguistik, alih kode, campur kode, linguistic educational.Literasi, fonologi

Abstract
The purpose of this reserch is to explain the form of code switching and code mixing, then to explain the factors that occur in code switching and code mixing, and finally to explain the strategies used in student speech when discussing via Whatsapp. The method used by the researcher is qualitative with the type of content analysis research. The data in this study is chat via WhatsApp messages. The data sources of this research were MPBSI students during the discussion. Research data obtained through SLBC and note-taking techniques. Validity using self and data triangulation. The results showed that code switching and code mixing occurred during discussions. Students' strategies and factors in discussing code switching seem to want to be more familiar, while code mixing wants to look formal. The influence of internal code switching is more than external, while external code mixing is more than internal can be a further study.
Integrasi Authentic Learning dalam Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif untuk Inovasi Pembelajaran Menulis Abad 21
Authors: Lestari Nurul Dwi 
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan integrasi pengalaman belajar autentik (authentic learning) ke dalam kemampuan berpikir kreatif serta mengukur ketercapaian siswa dalam pembelajaran menggunakan metode tersebut. Integrasi ini dilakukan sebagai upaya meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis sekaligus sebagai inovasi pembelajaran Abad 21 pada masa pandemi. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah pra-eksperimen. Sampel penelitian adalah 32 siswa kelas VII D SMPN 1 Grogol. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa melalui authentic learning terdapat peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif, meliputi aspek kelancaran berpikir meningkat 25%, kriteria keluwesan meningkat 21,88%, dan kriteria keaslian meningkat 26,25%. Hasil analisis statistik menggunakan Independent Sample t Test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara mean skor postes dan pretes (p<0,01). Peningkatan skor tersebut menunjukkan bahwa authentic learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa SMP dalam menulis teks deskripsi.
Kata kunci: authentic learning, berpikir kreatif, menulis, inovasi pembelajaran Abad 21
La Función de garantía en El Estado
Authors: Antillón Montealegre Walter 
Published: March 2023

Uno de los paradigmas básicos del Constitucionalismo ha sido particularmente lo que Hans Kelsen llamó “el sometimiento del derecho al derecho”, el cual, según Ferrajoli, permite verificar la disociación: a) entre forma y sustancia de la norma; b) entre vigor y validez de la misma; c) entre mera legalidad y estricta legalidad; y d) entre legitimación formal y legitimación sustancial de los actos (Ferrajoli 2014). Ese ‘derecho sobre el derecho’, este sistema de normas meta-legales de rango superior dirigidas al legislador y a los otros poderes públicos, se resume precisamente en la presencia de un doble orden normativo del Estado Moderno; y en razón de ello la Constitución Democrática es definida por dicho Autor como un acuerdo de voluntades, en primer lugar, acerca de las formas políticamente representativas de las decisiones legislativas, pero también sobre el precepto constitucional que establece lo que esas voluntades no pueden decidir (la esfera de lo no decidible), ya sea porque se trate de materia sobre la que no es lícito absolutamente decidir, o igualmente, porque se trate de materia sobre la que no se puede no decidir (Ferrajoli 2008,102).
MAPPING ESTIMATION OF SHALLOW WATER DEPTH USING BATHYMETRIC EMPIRICAL MODELING ECHOSOUNDER DATA AND SENTINEL-2 SATELLITE IMAGE DATA (CASE STUDY: SHALLOW WATERS OF BAYUR BAY, PADANG CITY)
Authors: Melin Altha Nurzafira , Arief Dian Adhetya 
Published: March 2023

This study aims to see the depth of the shallow waters of Teluk Bayur, Padang City, West Sumatra Province using Sentinel 2 imagery through the processing of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing. Satellite imagery is intended to obtain in-depth information at an affordable cost and to examine differences in the use of the algorithms used.
This study uses Sentinel 2 satellite data. The algorithm used in this research is Bathymetric Empirical Modeling which is applied to Sentinel-2 digital satellite imagery, it will go through several analytical processes, starting from the extraction of water bodies where this process separates between water bodies and non-water bodies. waters, after that the process of correcting the reflection of the water surface or Sunglint.
The results of this study are empirical maps of the shallow waters of Teluk Bayur which get a maximum depth of 125 m using band 1 and band 2, while the maximum depth that is more accurate is 128 m using band 2 and band 3 where the maximum depth of 128 m is also the depth of data acquisition results echosounder PT. PELINDO II Teluk Bayur Branch.
A Review of Partial Shading MPPT Algorithm on Speed, Accuracy, and Cost Embedded
Authors: Asnil Asnil , Nazir Refdinal , Krismadinata Krismadinata , Nasir Sonni Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

This paper describes several Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithms for partial shading conditions that have detrimental effects on photovoltaic systems. The method used is a literature review of articles from reputable publishers. Fifty two articles were obtained after meeting the established criteria for selection. The literature review focused on the ability of the Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm to overcome partial shading conditions in terms of tracking speed, tracking accuracy, efficiency, and implementation complexity. As the results, some algorithms are recommended to be applied for Maximum Power Point Tracking including the Single Swam Algorithm and the Perturb And Observer algorithm, the Enhanced Adaptive Step Size Perturb and Observe algorithm, the Novel Adaptable Step Incremental Conductance algorithm, the Improved Bat Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic Controller algorithm, and the Particle Swarm Optimization with One Cycle Control algorithm. In terms of implementation complexity, these five algorithms are categorized as medium-complexity, which can be characterized as low cost, high efficiency, and even 100% with high tracking speed and accuracy with a minimum number of sensors used.