bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-administration of Thymoquinone and Propolis in Liposomal Formulations as a Potential Approach for Treatment of Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis: Physiological and Histopathological Analysis
Authors: Alaaeldin Eman , Refaat Hesham , Saber Entesar Ali , Aziz Neven Makram , Abdel-Maqsoud Nehad M. Reda , Aleem Mohammed Mustafa Abd El , Kamel Maha Yehia , Mady Fatma M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA severe form of autoimmune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is termed as ulcerative colitis (UC) which ultimately results in significant mucosal damage and ulceration. Herbal remedies may be employed as an alternative for treatment of UC instead of conventional medications such as Sulfasalazine. Promising natural remedies for the treatment of IBD, including colitis, are propolis extract (PP) and thymoquinone (TQ). This study is aimed at assessing the potential of liposomal formulations of TQ and Egyptian PP in combination therapy on improving their therapeutic efficacy against ulcerative colitis in order to maximize the potential of their beneficial clinical effects. Clinical, biochemical, and histological evaluations of colonic mucosal damage and inflammation were evaluated. The results exhibited a significant increase in tissue MDA, TNFα, and nitrite levels with activation of caspase-3 in the acetic acid-induced colitis group, which is predominantly downregulated in the treatment groups. The prepared formulations of TQ and PP revealed liposomal vesicles in a nanoscale size (192 ± 20.3 and 98.2 ± 20.3 nm, respectively) and accepted stability indicated with a zeta potential of 19.3 ± 0.11 and 17.1 ± 0.25 mV, respectively. They showed an entrapment efficiency of 85.3 ± 12.6% and 69.3 ± 11.8%, respectively. At comparable doses, combination therapy with thymoquinone liposomes and propolis liposomes considerably outperformed free TQ and free PP in reducing inflammation of UC as shown in the present study by clinical, biochemical, and histological evaluations.
Clinical Utility of GnRH Analogues in Female Androgen Excess: Highlighting Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Doyle Lauren Madden , Cussen Leanne , McDonnell Tara , O'Reilly Michael W 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Female androgen excess typically presents with hirsutism, acne, and frontotemporal alopecia. Although the majority of cases are due to underlying polycystic ovary syndrome, non-polycystic ovary syndrome pathology can present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We present 3 cases highlighting the utility of GnRH analogues in diagnosis and treatment of ovarian hyperandrogenism. In case 1, we highlight the role of GnRH analogue testing to localize severe postmenopausal androgen excess, allowing full resolution of symptoms following resection of a benign ovarian steroid-cell tumor. Our second case demonstrates the dual utility of GnRH analogues as both a diagnostic and therapeutic agent for hyperandrogenism in a premenopausal woman with severe insulin resistance. We observed suppression of serum testosterone coupled with significant improvement in hirsutism scores. The final case describes GnRH analogue suppression as a therapeutic option for a postmenopausal woman with ovarian hyperthecosis wishing to avoid surgical intervention, with successful symptom resolution. This case series delineates the applications of GnRH analogue suppression in a variety of clinical contexts, in particular their potential role in controlling symptoms in cases of refractory androgen excess and an alternative to surgery in cases of benign ovarian hyperandrogenism.
N6-adenosine methylation of mRNA integrates multilevel auxin response and ground tissue development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zemlyanskaya Elena A. , Zemlianski Viacheslav , Pěnčík Aleš , Kelley Dior R. , Helariutta Ykä , Novák Ondřej , Růžička Kamil 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) is a widespread internal mRNA modification impacting the expression of numerous genes. Here, we characterize auxin-related defects among the pleiotropic phenotypes of hypomorphic Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with impaired m6A status and reveal that they show strong resistance to exogenously applied auxin. By combining major published m6A datasets, we propose that among high-confidence target transcripts emerge those encoding the main components required for auxin signaling, including the TIR1/AFB auxin receptors and ARF transcriptional regulators. We also observe subtle changes in endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid metabolites in these hypomorphic lines, which correlate with the methylation status of indole-3-acetic acid amidohydrolase transcripts. In addition, we reveal that reduced m6A levels lead to defects in endodermal patterning in the primary root arising from impaired timing of periclinal cell divisions. These defects can be reverted by inhibition of auxin signaling. Together, our data underline that m6A likely affects auxin-dependent processes at multiple levels.
The Miracidium of Heronimus chelydrae MacCallum
Authors: E. Lynch James 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In August 1930 nine individuals of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, were taken from Stillwater Creek, Stillwater, Oklahoma, and examined for parasites. Seven of the nine turtles were infected with Heronimus chelydrae MacCallum, each harbouring from one to sixteen of these worms in the lungs. A total of forty-seven of the flukes was obtained.
The effect of academic supervision, managerial competence, and teacher empowerment on teacher performance: the mediating role of teacher commitment
Authors: Muttaqin Imron , Tursina Nani , Sudrajat Ajat , Yuliza Uyung , Novianto Novianto , Fahri Ramadhan Fajar , Edi Kurnanto Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

Background: Teacher commitment and performance are important factors contributing to student achievement and the quality of education. Therefore, it is critical to draw attention to this issue by identifying factors that influence these two variables. Methods: A survey, consisted of 34 closed-ended questions, was used. The total sample comprised 2,203 teachers, including 832 men and 1,371 women. Data analysis was performed using partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM). Model measurement employed indicator loading, convergent and discriminant validity, Cronbach's testing, composite reliability and average variance extracted (AVE) for internal consistency. Structural model measurement employed coefficient determination (R2), effect size (F2), variant inflation factor (VIF), predictive relevance (Q2) and path analysis measures. Results: The results of the study reveal that academic supervision has a significant positive effect on commitment (β; 0.085, t-statistics; 3.792 and p-value 0.000), academic supervision also affects teacher performance (β; 0.096, t-statistics; 4.416 and p-value 0.000), managerial competence affects teacher commitment (β; 0.195, t-statistics; 8.046 and p-value 0.000), managerial competence also affects teacher performance (β; 0.149, t-statistics; 6.561 and p-value 0.000), organizational commitment affects teacher performance (β; 0.163, t-statistics; 7.263 and p-value 0.000), teacher empowerment affects teacher commitment (β; 0.489, t-statistics; 22.601 and p-value 0.000), and teacher empowerment affects teacher performance (β; 0.489, t-statistics; 22.601 and p-value 0.000). Academic supervision affects teacher commitment mediating by teacher performance (β; 0.014, t-statistics; 3.178 and p-value of 0.001). Managerial competence affects teacher commitment with teacher performance mediation (β; 0.032, t-statistics; 5.588 and p-value 0.000), and teacher empowerment affects teacher commitment with teacher performance mediation (β; 0.080, t-statistics; 7.050 and p-value 0.000). Conclusion: Academic supervision, managerial competence, and teacher empowerment significantly positively affect teacher performance directly and through teacher performance as mediating variable. Teacher empowerment is the most significant factor influencing teacher performance and commitment.
University social responsibility (USR) in the context of Peruvian society: A systematic review
Authors: Arbieto Mamani Oscar , Mendoza Vargas Miguel Gerardo , Pozo Enciso Rosmery Sabina , Huamán Flores Elio , Villafuerte Palomino Teresa , Alvarez Chavez Willie 
Published: September 2023

Background: The university social responsibility (USR) goes beyond the traditional extension and solidary social projection of the universities, but the professional must improve and develop proposals in improvement of the country. The objective is to carry out a systematic review of the scientific production related to USR in Peru and to analyse the most important findings of this production. Method: A systematic review of articles in English and Spanish in Scopus, Redalyc, and SciELO was carried out, searching for research related to USR in the Peruvian context. Articles on USR in Latin America or the world were excluded. The search and filtering of articles was carried out until February 2023. Several filters were applied, starting with the search for titles according to the search equation. Then, articles that did not deal with USR were eliminated. Subsequently, abstracts were read and those that did not meet the inclusion criteria were discarded. Finally, the remaining research was analysed to obtain the necessary information for the research. Results: A total of 20 articles were analysed. The main results showed that university social responsibility in the Peruvian context seeks to benefit society and to form ethical and responsible students. However, more policies and actions are needed to encourage the participation of all universities in USR. It was found that 65% of the literature had a quantitative approach, 30% was qualitative and only 5% was mixed. Conclusion: University Social Responsibility (USR) seeks to benefit society, being students the key actors to improve their country with the professional development acquired in higher institutions. The implication for future research is to carry out more studies on USR but within the national university centres in the highlands and jungle areas of Peru, where it is possible to show the state of this topic in other areas of Peru.
Early Childhood Violence Exposure Patterns in The Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS)
Authors: Tsunga Lucinda , Lake Marilyn , Halligan Sarah L. , Malcolm-Smith Susan , Hoffman Nadia , Heron Jon , Zar Heather , Fraser Abigail , Donald Kirsten , Stein Dan J. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Research has highlighted high rates of exposure to violence among South African youth. However, work to date has been largely cross-sectional, focused on violence exposure during the adolescence period, and has been limited to specific types of violence exposure. We examined violence exposure in South African preschool children between 3 and 6 years of age, capturing both direct and indirect forms of violence, and tested for potential sex differences across the several types of exposures. Methods: Lifetime direct and indirect exposure to domestic and community violence was measured by parental report when children were 3.5 years (N = 530), 4.5 years (N = 749) and 6 years of age (N= 417) in a South African birth cohort located in a peri-urban community. Results: There are three main findings. First, a large proportion of children (72%-75%) were reported as having been exposed to some form of direct or indirect violent experience in their homes or communities from a young age. Second, there was significant polyvictimization, with 49% of the children being exposed to more than one type of violence by age 6. Third, by 4.5 years of age, there was evidence that boys were more likely than girls to be exposed to domestic victimisation (28% vs. 17%) and polyvictimization (38% vs. 28%). Conclusions: These findings highlight the high levels of violence exposure in young South African children, particularly among boys, and the need for prevention at both the community and individual levels.
Crypto Wash Trading
Authors: Cong Lin William , Li Xi , Tang Ke , Yang Yang 
Published: September 2023

We present the first systematic approach to detect fake transactions on cryptocurrency exchanges by exploiting robust statistical and behavioral regularities associated with authentic trading. Our sample consists of 29 centralized exchanges, among which the regulated ones feature transaction patterns consistently observed in financial markets and nature. In contrast, unregulated exchanges display abnormal first significant digit distributions, size rounding, and transaction tail distributions, indicating widespread manipulation unlikely driven by a specific trading strategy or exchange heterogeneity. We then quantify the wash trading on each unregulated exchange, which averaged more than 70% of the reported volume. We further document how these fabricated volumes (trillions of dollars annually) improve exchange ranking, temporarily distort prices, and relate to exchange characteristics (e.g., age and user base), market conditions, and regulation. Overall, our study cautions against potential market manipulations on centralized crypto exchanges with concentrated power and limited disclosure requirements and highlights the importance of fintech regulation. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Special Section of Management Science: Blockchains and Crypto Economics. Funding: This research was partly funded by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation [Grant G-201907-6995], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72192802, 72192800, and 72192801], Ripple’s University Blockchain Research Initiative (UBRI), and the FinTech at Cornell Initiative. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02709 .
Tokenomics: When Tokens Beat Equity
Authors: Malinova Katya , Park Andreas 
Published: September 2023

In a token offering, investors fund a venture in exchange for tokens that grant rights to future economic output. To many financial industry insiders, tokens have no intrinsic merit and exist only as a way to evade regulations. We demonstrate that generic revenue-based token contracts are indeed economically inferior to equity and lead to over- or underproduction. However, an optimally designed token contract, which is a combination of an output presale and an incremental revenue-sharing agreement, yields the same payoffs as equity and debt. Moreover, with entrepreneurial moral hazard, tokens can finance a strictly larger set of ventures than equity.This paper was accepted by Will Cong, Special Section of Management Science: Blockchains and Crypto Economics.Funding: This work was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and Canadian Securities Institute Research Foundation [Grants 20013075 and 435-2017-064]. Financial support from the Global Risk Institute and the Mackenzie Investment Chair in Evidence-Based Decision Making is also acknowledged.
Who Profits from Trading Options?
Authors: Hu Jianfeng , Kirilova Antonia , Park Seongkyu (Gilbert) , Ryu Doojin 
Published: September 2023

We use account-level transaction data to examine trading styles and profitability in a leading derivatives market. Approximately 66% of active retail investors predominantly hold simple, one-sided positions in only one class of options, whereas institutional investors are more likely to use complex strategies. Hypothesizing that the complexity of trading styles reflects investors’ skills, we examine the effect of options trading styles on investment performance. We find that retail investors using simple strategies lose to the rest of the market. For both retail and institutional investors, selling volatility is the most successful strategy. We conclude that these style effects are persistent and cannot be fully explained by systematic risk exposure. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Funding: J. Hu acknowledges financial support from Lee Kong Chian Fellowship. A. Kirilova acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [Grant PID2021-128994NA-I00]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4916 .
Functional orthosis versus cast immobilization for weightbearing stable Weber B ankle fractures with concomitant unstable gravity stress tests
Authors: Gregersen Martin G. , Justad-Berg Ragnhild T. , Gill Nicolaj E. Q. , Saatvedt Ola , Aas Lars K. , Molund Marius 
Published: September 2023

AimsTreatment of Weber B ankle fractures that are stable on weightbearing radiographs but unstable on concomitant stress tests (classified SER4a) is controversial. Recent studies indicate that these fractures should be treated nonoperatively, but no studies have compared alternative nonoperative options. This study aims to evaluate patient-reported outcomes and the safety of fracture treatment using functional orthosis versus cast immobilization.MethodsA total of 110 patients with Weber B/SER4a ankle fractures will be randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive six weeks of functional orthosis treatment or cast immobilization with a two-year follow-up. The primary outcome is patient-reported ankle function and symptoms measured by the Manchester-Oxford Foot and Ankle Questionnaire (MOxFQ); secondary outcomes include Olerud-Molander Ankle Score, radiological evaluation of ankle congruence in weightbearing and gravity stress tests, and rates of treatment-related adverse events. The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research (approval number 277693) has granted ethical approval, and the study is funded by South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (grant number 2023014).DiscussionRandomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate alternative nonoperative treatment options for Weber B/SER4a ankle fractures, as current clinical guidelines are based on biomechanical reasoning. The findings will be shared through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(9):713–719.
High quality stealth dicing of sapphire with a picosecond Bessel beam by controlling the polarization direction
Authors: Zhang Decheng , Yang Jianjun , Liu Jiaxuan , Shui Lingling , Pan Xinjian , Li Yuqian 
Published: September 2023

Sapphire is an important substrate material in optoelectronic devices, and it is also widely used as a touch screen panel. In order to achieve high quality cutting of sapphire, the stealth dicing of 500 µm thick sapphire by a picosecond Bessel beam is studied in this paper. The influences of laser polarization direction and process parameters on cutting section roughness were studied. By controlling the laser polarization direction, different crack propagation morphologies were obtained. When the polarization direction was vertical to the cutting path, the crack propagation path was straighter, and the sapphire had better cutting quality. The laser processing parameters, including burst mode, hole spacing, and pulse energy, had a significant impact on the cutting section roughness. When the polarization direction was vertical to the cutting path under the optimal process parameters, the cutting section was uniform and flat, with no recondensable particles, no ripples, and no chamfer, and an 89.7 nm average roughness of the cutting section could be obtained.
Modulation transfer function formula for different age ranges
Authors: Sánchez Roberto F. , Puertas Francisco J. , Issolio Luis A. 
Published: September 2023

The modulation transfer function (MTF) is one of the most complete tools to study the optical performance of the eye. We present the average radial MTF profiles measured in 68 subjects grouped in six age ranges (from 20 to 80 years) and a general formula to estimate the radial profile of human MTF as a function of pupil size and age. The mean MTF for each age group was fitted to an analytical expression to compute two parameters related to aging. The proposed formula fitted reasonably well to experimental data available in previous works and predicted the average changes with aging of different optical quality parameters obtained from MTF.
National screening for developmental delays and their determinants among Egyptian school age children: A step towards implementing life skills programs
Authors: Metwally Ammal M. , Nassar Maysa S. , Salah El-Din Ebtissam M. , Abdallah Ali M. , Khadr Zeinab , Abouelnaga Marwa W. , Ashaat Engy A. , El-Saied Mostafa M. , Elwan Ahmed M. , Bassiouni Randa I. , Monir Zeinab M. , Badawy Hala Y. , Dewdar Eman M. , El-Hariri Hazem M. , Aboulghate Ahmed , Hanna Carine , Rabah Thanaa M. , Mohsen Amira , Elabd Mona A. 
Published: September 2023

Aim
This study aimed to estimate the national prevalence of developmental delays (DDs) and their determinants among Egyptian children aged 6 to 12 years. Such estimation is a prerequisite step toward the application of Life Skill Education (LSE) programs that will potentiate children’s future capabilities.

Methods
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales” was used as a reliable and diagnostic test for DDs screening during this national cross sectional study. Gross motor (GM), fine motor (FM), daily living skills, communication, and socialization skills were assessed. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with DDs. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with a 95% Confidence Interval was estimated to indicate the strength of association. A p-value of <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.

Results
Out of the 20324 surveyed school-aged children, 7.4% were found to have at least one delay. Communication deficits were the most common (6.4%) followed by delay in daily living skills (2.0%). The final model of logistic regression had a good fit for seven variables out of the sociodemographic, epidemiological characteristics, maternal and perinatal problems that were associated with a higher likelihood of at least one DD: Children suffering from any convulsions (AOR = 4.32; 95% CI: 3.18–5.88), male gender (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.65–2.09), birth weight less than 2.5 kg (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.40–2.24), history of maternal health problem during pregnancy (AOR = 1.64; 95% CI:1.34–2.01), children staying in an incubator for more than two days (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.29–1.91), having less educated fathers (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.24–1.95) and belonging to the middle social class (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.24–1.58).

Conclusion
The identified types and determinants for each DD are allowing for the implementation of tailored programs for school children’s life skills promotion for achieving the most sustainable effects on children’s biological and psychological health and well-being.