bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrite-based denitrification combined with electrochemical disinfection to remove nitrate and microbial contamination from groundwater
Authors: Ntagia Eleftheria , Lens Piet 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNitrate and microbial contamination of groundwater can occur in countries that face intense urbanization and inadequate sanitation. When groundwater is the main drinking water source, as is often the case in such countries, the need to remove these contaminants becomes acute. The combination of two technologies is proposed here, a biological step to denitrify and an electrochemical step to disinfect the groundwater, thereby aiming to reduce the chemical input and the footprint of groundwater treatment. As such, a pyrite-based fluidized bed reactor (P-FBR) was constructed to autotrophically denitrify polluted groundwater. The P-FBR effluent was disinfected in an electrochemical cell with electrogenerated Cl2. Nitrate was removed with 79% efficiency from an initial 178 mg NO3− L−1 at an average denitrification rate of 171 mg NO3− L−1 d−1, with 18 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). The electrochemical unit achieved a 3.8-log reduction in total coliforms with a 41.7 A h m−3 charge density.
Lis1 relieves cytoplasmic dynein-1 autoinhibition by acting as a molecular wedge
Authors: Karasmanis Eva P. , Reimer Janice M. , Kendrick Agnieszka A. , Nguyen Kendrick H. V. , Rodriguez Jennifer A. , Truong Joey B. , Lahiri Indrajit , Reck-Peterson Samara L. , Leschziner Andres E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCytoplasmic dynein-1 transports intracellular cargo towards microtubule minus ends. Dynein is autoinhibited and undergoes conformational changes to form an active complex that consists of one or two dynein dimers, the dynactin complex, and activating adapter(s). The Lissencephaly 1 gene, LIS1, is genetically linked to the dynein pathway from fungi to mammals and is mutated in people with the neurodevelopmental disease lissencephaly. Lis1 is required for active dynein complexes to form, but how it enables this is unclear. Here, we present a structure of two yeast dynein motor domains with two Lis1 dimers wedged in-between. The contact sites between dynein and Lis1 in this structure, termed ‘Chi,’ are required for Lis1’s regulation of dynein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in vivo and the formation of active human dynein–dynactin–activating adapter complexes in vitro. We propose that this structure represents an intermediate in dynein’s activation pathway, revealing how Lis1 relieves dynein’s autoinhibited state.
Coating the surface of interconnected Cu2O nanowire arrays with HKUST-1 nanocrystals via electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Caddeo Francesco , Himmelstein Florian , Mahmoudi Behzad , Araújo-Cordero Ana María , Eberhart Denis , Zhang Haojie , Lindenberg Titus , Hähnel Angelika , Hagendorf Christian , Maijenburg A. Wouter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractControlling the crystallization of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) at the nanoscale is currently challenging, and this hinders their utilization for multiple applications including photo(electro)chemistry and sensors. In this work, we show a synthetic protocol that enables the preparation of highly homogeneous Cu2O@MOF nanowires standing on a conductive support with extensive control over the crystallization of the MOF nanoparticles at the surface of the Cu2O nanowires. Cu2O nanowires were first prepared via templated electrodeposition, and then partially converted into the well-known Cu-MOF HKUST-1 by pulsed electrochemical oxidation. We show that the use of PVP as a capping agent during the electrochemical oxidation of Cu2O into HKUST-1 provides control over the growth of the MOF nanocrystals on the surface of the Cu2O nanowires, and that the size of the MOF crystals obtained can be tuned by changing the concentration of PVP dissolved in the electrolyte. In addition, we propose the use of benzoic acid as an alternative to achieve control over the size of the obtained MOF nanocrystals when the use of a capping agent should be avoided.
Global ozone loss following extreme solar proton storms based on the July 2012 coronal mass ejection
Authors: Kalakoski Niilo , Verronen Pekka T. , Szeląg Monika E. , Jackman Charles H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLarge solar coronal mass ejections pose a threat in the near-Earth space. As a cause of extreme periods of space weather, they can damage satellite-based communications and create geomagnetically induced currents in power and energy grids. Further, the solar wind energetic particles can reduce the protecting layer of atmospheric ozone and pose a threat to life on Earth. The large coronal mass ejection (CME) of July 2012, although directed away from the Earth, is often highlighted as a prime example of a potentially devastating super storm. Here we show, based on proton fluxes recorded by the instruments aboard the STEREO-A satellite, that the atmospheric response to the July 2012 event would have been comparable to those of the largest solar proton events of the satellite era. Significant impact on total ozone outside polar regions would require a much larger event, similar to those recorded in historical proxy data sets. Such an extreme event would cause long-term ozone reduction all the way to the equator and increase the size, duration, and depth of the Antarctic ozone hole. The impact would be comparable to predicted drastic and sudden ozone reduction from major volcanic eruptions, regional nuclear conflicts, or long-term stratospheric geoengineering.
A brief questionnaire for measuring alarm fatigue in nurses and physicians in intensive care units
Authors: Wunderlich Maximilian Markus , Amende-Wolf Sandro , Krampe Henning , Kruppa Jochen , Spies Claudia , Weiß Björn , Memmert Belinda , Balzer Felix , Poncette Akira-Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhen exposed to hundreds of medical device alarms per day, intensive care unit (ICU) staff can develop “alarm fatigue” (i.e., desensitisation to alarms). However, no standardised way of quantifying alarm fatigue exists. We aimed to develop a brief questionnaire for measuring alarm fatigue in nurses and physicians. After developing a list of initial items based on a literature review, we conducted 15 cognitive interviews with the target group (13 nurses and two physicians) to ensure that the items are face valid and comprehensible. We then asked 32 experts on alarm fatigue to judge whether the items are suited for measuring alarm fatigue. The resulting 27 items were sent to nurses and physicians from 15 ICUs of a large German hospital. We used exploratory factor analysis to further reduce the number of items and to identify scales. A total of 585 submissions from 707 participants could be analysed (of which 14% were physicians and 64% were nurses). The simple structure of a two-factor model was achieved within three rounds. The final questionnaire (called Charité Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire; CAFQa) consists of nine items along two scales (i.e., the “alarm stress scale” and the “alarm coping scale”). The CAFQa is a brief questionnaire that allows clinical alarm researchers to quantify the alarm fatigue of nurses and physicians. It should not take more than five minutes to administer.
Natural sensitizer extracted from Mussaenda erythrophylla for dye-sensitized solar cell
Authors: Rajaramanan Tharmakularasa , Heidari Gourji Fatemeh , Elilan Yogenthiran , Yohi Shivatharsiny , Senthilnanthanan Meena , Ravirajan Punniamoorthy , Velauthapillai Dhayalan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, a natural dye from the flowers of Mussaenda erythrophylla extracted separately in ethanol and de-ionized water was employed as a photosensitizer in DSSCs. The quantitative phytochemical analyses were performed on both extracts. The existence of flavonoids (anthocyanin) and chlorophyll a pigments in the ethanol extract of the dye was confirmed by the UV–Visible spectroscopy. The stability study performed on the said ethanol extract confirmed that the dye extracted in ethanol was stable in the dark and did not degrade for nearly 50 days. The presence of the dye molecules and uniform adsorption of them on the P25-TiO2 surface were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Moreover, the influence of dye concentration and pH on the optical properties of the dye was also studied. The natural dye extracted in ethanol was employed in DSSCs, fabricated by utilizing the said dye sensitized P25-TiO2 photoanodes, $${I}^{-}$$

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/$${I}_{3}^{-}$$

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electrolyte, and Pt counter electrode. Photovoltaic performances of the fabricated devices were determined under simulated irradiation with the intensity of 100 mWcm–2 using AM 1.5 filter. The device fabricated with the P25-TiO2 photoanode sensitized by the dye extracted in ethanol at pH = 5 exhibited the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.41% with the JSC of 0.98 mAcm–2 which could be attributed to the optimum light absorption in the visible region of solar spectrum by the chlorophyll a and anthocyanin molecules in the extracted natural dye.
Veterinary education and experience shape beliefs about dog breeds. Part 2: Trust
Authors: Caddiell Rachel M. P. , White Philip , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Royal Kenneth , Ange-van Heugten Kimberly , Gruen Margaret E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDog breed stereotypes are frequently used to inform people’s expectations about canine behavior, despite evidence that breed is largely uninformative in predicting individual dog behavior. Further, these beliefs differ among populations. However, it remains unknown how ratings of warmth toward a breed are associated with ratings of other social behavioral domains, and whether differences exist between populations with varying experience with dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ratings of trust and warmth among survey respondents including veterinary students, veterinary faculty and staff, undergraduates in animal-health related majors and members of the general public. Using an online survey, respondents rated their likelihood to trust a dog in varying scenarios for 10 different dog breeds. Additionally, respondents used a feelings thermometer to rate how warm or cool they felt towards each breed. Findings revealed differences in feelings thermometer and trust ratings across populations. All ratings were lower among the veterinary academic respondents compared to the general public and undergraduates. Veterinary students further along in their training, as well as undergraduates with clinical experience, reflected perceptions similar to those of the veterinary faculty and staff providing support for cultural transmission of beliefs during veterinary education and training.
Cross-species comparative analysis of single presynapses
Authors: Berson Eloïse , Gajera Chandresh R. , Phongpreecha Thanaphong , Perna Amalia , Bukhari Syed A. , Becker Martin , Chang Alan L. , De Francesco Davide , Espinosa Camilo , Ravindra Neal G. , Postupna Nadia , Latimer Caitlin S. , Shively Carol A. , Register Thomas C. , Craft Suzanne , Montine Kathleen S. , Fox Edward J. , Keene C. Dirk , Bendall Sean C. , Aghaeepour Nima , Montine Thomas J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractComparing brain structure across species and regions enables key functional insights. Leveraging publicly available data from a novel mass cytometry-based method, synaptometry by time of flight (SynTOF), we applied an unsupervised machine learning approach to conduct a comparative study of presynapse molecular abundance across three species and three brain regions. We used neural networks and their attractive properties to model complex relationships among high dimensional data to develop a unified, unsupervised framework for comparing the profile of more than 4.5 million single presynapses among normal human, macaque, and mouse samples. An extensive validation showed the feasibility of performing cross-species comparison using SynTOF profiling. Integrative analysis of the abundance of 20 presynaptic proteins revealed near-complete separation between primates and mice involving synaptic pruning, cellular energy, lipid metabolism, and neurotransmission. In addition, our analysis revealed a strong overlap between the presynaptic composition of human and macaque in the cerebral cortex and neostriatum. Our unique approach illuminates species- and region-specific variation in presynapse molecular composition.
Assessing the recovery of Y chromosome microsatellites with population genomic data using Papio and Theropithecus genomes
Authors: Mutti Giacomo , Oteo-Garcia Gonzalo , Caldon Matteo , da Silva Maria Joana Ferreira , Minhós Tânia , Cowlishaw Guy , Gottelli Dada , Huchard Elise , Carter Alecia , Martinez Felipe I. , Raveane Alessandro , Capelli Cristian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractY chromosome markers can shed light on male-specific population dynamics but for many species no such markers have been discovered and are available yet, despite the potential for recovering Y-linked loci from available genome sequences. Here, we investigated how effective available bioinformatic tools are in recovering informative Y chromosome microsatellites from whole genome sequence data. In order to do so, we initially explored a large dataset of whole genome sequences comprising individuals at various coverages belonging to different species of baboons (genus: Papio) using Y chromosome references belonging to the same genus and more distantly related species (Macaca mulatta). We then further tested this approach by recovering Y-STRs from available Theropithecus gelada genomes using Papio and Macaca Y chromosome as reference sequences. Identified loci were validated in silico by a) comparing within-species relationships of Y chromosome lineages and b) genotyping male individuals in available pedigrees. Each STR was selected not to extend in its variable region beyond 100 base pairs, so that loci can be developed for PCR-based genotyping of non-invasive DNA samples. In addition to assembling a first set of Papio and Theropithecus Y-specific microsatellite markers, we released TYpeSTeR, an easy-to-use script to identify and genotype Y chromosome STRs using population genomic data which can be modulated according to available male reference genomes and genomic data, making it widely applicable across taxa.
MwdpNet: towards improving the recognition accuracy of tiny targets in high-resolution remote sensing image
Authors: Ma Dongling , Liu Baoze , Huang Qingji , Zhang Qian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to develop a deep learning model to improve the accuracy of identifying tiny targets on high resolution remote sensing (HRS) images. We propose a novel multi-level weighted depth perception network, which we refer to as MwdpNet, to better capture feature information of tiny targets in HRS images. In our method, we introduce a new group residual structure, S-Darknet53, as the backbone network of our proposed MwdpNet, and propose a multi-level feature weighted fusion strategy that fully utilizes shallow feature information to improve detection performance, particularly for tiny targets. To fully describe the high-level semantic information of the image, achieving better classification performance, we design a depth perception module (DPModule). Following this step, the channel attention guidance module (CAGM) is proposed to obtain attention feature maps for each scale, enhancing the recall rate of tiny targets and generating candidate regions more efficiently. Finally, we create four datasets of tiny targets and conduct comparative experiments on them. The results demonstrate that the mean Average Precision (mAP) of our proposed MwdpNet on the four datasets achieve 87.0%, 89.2%, 78.3%, and 76.0%, respectively, outperforming nine mainstream object detection algorithms. Our proposed approach provides an effective means and strategy for detecting tiny targets on HRS images.
Spatial variation in the non-use of modern contraception and its predictors in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Harris Melissa L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate spatial variations in the non-use of modern contraception in Bangladesh and identify associated individual, household, and community-level factors. The analysis utilized data from 16,135 women, extracted from the 2017/18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The study's main outcome was the prevalence of non-use of modern contraception (yes or no), while the explanatory variables included factors at the individual, household, and community level. To assess geographical heterogeneity in non-use of modern contraception, Moran's I statistics were applied. Additionally, the Gettis-Ord Gi* was calculated to measure spatial autocorrelation differences across various study locations. The relationship between non-use of modern contraception and location was further explored using a geographically weighted regression model at the cluster level. The results indicated that 42.8% (95% CI 41.6–43.8) of respondents reported non-use of modern contraception in Bangladesh, with significant variation across geographical locations (p < 0.001). Hot spots of high non-use were predominantly identified in the Sylhet, Barishal, and some areas of the Chattogram divisions, while cold spots of low use were concentrated in the Rangpur, Mymensingh, and some areas Rajshahi divisions. Notably, the likelihood of non-use was highest among women and partners with low levels of education. The analysis of other risk factors, such as partner occupation, community-level illiteracy, and poverty, revealed varying effects on non-use of modern contraception across different locations (clusters) within the country. The study's findings underscore the importance of targeted, area-specific policies and programs aimed at promoting knowledge and uptake of modern contraception in Bangladesh.
Surgical resection versus transarterial chemoembolization for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria: prognostic role of tumor burden score
Authors: Ho Shu-Yein , Liu Po-Hong , Hsu Chia-Yang , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Lei Hao-Jan , Liao Jia-I , Su Chien-Wei , Hou Ming-Chih , Huo Teh-Ia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTumor burden score (TBS) has been recently introduced to indicate the extent of tumor burden in different cancers, but its role in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We aimed to determine the prognostic role of TBS in patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria receiving surgical resection (SR) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). A total of 1303 newly diagnosed HCC patients beyond Milan criteria receiving SR or TACE as the primary therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Independent prognostic predictors were examined by the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. SR was associated with better overall survival compared with TACE in these patients. Multivariate Cox analysis of the entire cohort revealed that age > 66 years (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.145, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.004–1.305, p = 0.043), serum α-fetoprotein > 200 ng/mL (HR: 1.602, 95% CI: 1.402–1.831, p < 0.001), performance status 2–4 (HR: 1.316, 95% CI: 1.115–1.553, p < 0.001), medium TBS (HR: 1.225, 95% CI:1.045–1.436, p = 0.012), high TBS (HR: 1.976, 95% CI: 1.637–2.384, p < 0.001), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade 2–3 (HR: 1.529, 95% CI: 1.342–1.743, p < 0.001), presence of vascular invasion (HR: 1.568, 95% CI: 1.354–1.816, p < 0.001), and TACE (HR: 2.396, 95% CI: 2.082–2.759, p < 0.001) were linked with decreased survival. SR consistently predicted a significantly better survival in different TBS subgroups. TBS is a feasible and independent prognostic predictor in HCC beyond the Milan criteria. SR provides better long-term outcome compared with TACE in these patients independent of TBS grade, and should be considered as the primary treatment modality in this special patient group.
Pure shear model for crack width analysis of reinforced concrete members
Authors: Sakalauskas Karolis , Kaklauskas Gintaris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReinforcement corrosion in concrete structures with excessive crack width poses a high risk of reducing the structure's service life. The crack width behavior is one of the most complex aspects of the mechanics of reinforced concrete (RC). With most of the models used in practice being semi–empirical or empirical, very few analytical approaches have been proposed. However, the analytical models lack either accuracy or simplicity, or both. This paper presents a new analytical model, termed the Pure Shear Model, that predicts mean crack width by a simple formula. It is based on the partial interaction tension stiffening model considering a short RC tie subjected to short–term loading. The model assumes elastic material properties and neglects shrinkage, internal cracking, and slip at the interface. It presumes that the only deformations that occur in concrete are the shear strains due to shear lag that are taken constant across the cover thickness. Deplanation of concrete section due to shear lag results in crack width linearly increasing from zero at the bar to its maximum value on the surface of the RC member. Despite the simplicity of the proposed model, its accuracy in predicting mean crack width was shown to be comparable to that of the design code methods.
Fully automated F-wave corridor extraction and analysis algorithm for F-wave analyses and MUNE studies
Authors: Artuğ N. Tuğrul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractF-waves are used in motor unit number estimation (MUNE) studies, which require rapid dedicated software to perform calculations. The aim of this study is to define a mathematical method for a fully automated F-wave extraction algorithm to perform F-wave and MUNE studies while performing baseline corrections without distorting traces. Ten recordings from each class, such as healthy controls, polio patients and ALS patients, were included. Submaximal stimuli were applied to the median and ulnar nerves to record 300 traces from the abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles. The autocorrelation function and the signal of sum of all traces were used to find the location for the maximum amplitude of the F-waves. F-waves were revealed by using a cutting window. Linear line estimation was preferred for baseline corrections because it did not cause any distortion in the traces. The algorithm automatically revealed F-waves from all 30 recordings in accordance with the locations marked by a neurophysiologist. The execution of the algorithm was less than 2 (usually < 1) minutes when 300 traces were analyzed. Mean sMUP amplitudes and MUNE values are important for differentiating healthy controls from patients. Moreover, F-wave parameters belonging to polio patients on whom there was a relatively low number of studies conducted were also evaluated.