bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A PHILOSOPHY OF MAQASID SHARIAH UNDERPINNED MUSLIM FOOD CONSUMPTION AND THE HALALAN TOYYIBAN CONCEPT
Authors: Othman Khatijah , Md hamdani Suhailiza , Sulaiman Mashitah , Mutalib Marina Munira , Ramly Oslizawati 
Published: January 2023

Referring to the Halal product and consumption, there are three essential elements involved which are consumers, producers, and products. In food consumption, the concept of Halalan Toyyiban is specifically design for the Muslim through the revelation of the Quran and the practices of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW which took into account all three parties mentioned. While the Maqasid Shariah is to ensure the betterment of welfare of humankind and to protect from any harms that may occur. In this relation, no doubt the underlying philosophy of Maqasid Shariah underpinned the whole concept of Halalan Toyyiban for the advantage of the Ummah and to develop and portray the complete way of life in Islam. This conceptual paper intends to discuss on the philosophical underlie within the Maqasid Shariah that underpinned Muslim food consumption and the Halalan Toyyiban concept in Islam. The literature reviews were conducted through the library and website research. Scholars’ opinions had been analyzed based on the content analysis. Thus, Maqasid Shariah inhibits a great philosophy in the wholesomeness of protecting the welfare of human being thus strongly underpinned the Islamic consumerism and Halalan Toyyiban concept with focusing for the maslahah ‘ammah.

Keywords: Maqasid Shariah, Muslim food consumption, Halalan Toyyiban, Islamic consumerism, maslahah ‘ammah.

Abstrak
Merujuk kepada produk dan penggunaan Halal, terdapat tiga unsur asas yang terlibat iaitu pengguna, pengeluar, dan produk. Dalam konteks produk makanan, konsep Halalan Toyyiban telah diperintahkan secara khusus kepada Ummat Islam melalui al-Quran dan Sunnah yang diamalkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW. Maqasid Shariah adalah untuk memelihara kebajikan umat manusia dan melindungi dari sebarang perkara yang tidak diingini. Dalam hubungan ini, tidak ada keraguan tentang asas Maqasid Shariah yang menyokong keseluruhan konsep Halalan Toyyiban untuk manfaat Ummah dalam membangunkan dan menggambarkan cara hidup lengkap yang dianjurkan Islam. Kertas konseptual ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan tentang dasar falsafah dalam Maqasid Shariah yang menjadi asas kepada penggunaan dan pengeluaran makanan Islam berdasarkan konsep Halalan Toyyiban. Tinjauan literatur dilakukan melalui kajian kepustakaan dan penyelidikan dari sumber laman web. Pendapat para sarjana telah dianalisis berdasarkan analisis kandungan. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa Maqasid Shariah mengandungi falsafah hebat yang lengkap dalam usaha memberi perlindungan terhadap kebajikan manusia dan menjadi batu asas kepada konsumerisme Islam dan konsep Halalan Toyyiban dengan focus untuk kepentingan Ummah.

Kata kunci: Maqasid Shariah, Penggunaan Makanan Islam, Halalan Toyyiban, kepenggunaan Islam, maslahah ‘ammah.
Haematological, Serum Biochemical and Histopathological Changes in Acute and Sub-Chronic Aqueous Extract of Oyster Mushroom in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Garuba T. , Olabanji I. T. , Awogboro O. M. , Olahan G. S. , Atunwa S. A. , Ahmed O. A. , Aremu A. , Bolaji M. , Adegboye A. A. , Sabiu S. 
Published: January 2023

This study aimed at evaluating toxicological implications of aqueous P. ostreatus extract (POE) in male Wistar rats. POE was prepared in 1:10 (pulverized P. ostreatus : distilled water). In acute toxicity test, single oral dose of 2 mL/kg of POE was administered and observed for 28 days. The sub-chronic toxicity study was conducted by daily oral administration of graded doses (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mL/kg b.w) of the extract for 28 days. Clinical signs of toxicity, hematological, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological studies were subsequently evaluated. No treatment-related signs of toxicity or mortality in the animals were recorded in both toxicity tests. Rats administered with lowest dose of POE (25 mL/kg) had highest percentage weight gain. POE had no significant difference (P>0.05) on Red Blood Cell, White Blood Cell (WBC) and differential WBC, and serum biochemistry across all the treated groups when compared to the controls. The result of photomicrographs of stomach, spleen, heart, lung, kidney and liver showed a well outlined arrays of normal tissues in both acute and sub-chronic doses connoting that POE had no toxic effect on them. In view of these, POE may be concluded to be non-toxic within the tested doses and period of investigation.
The Study of Kinetics and Isotherms of Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Activated Carbon-Loaded Cellulose Composite Bead
Authors: P. Sarkar  
Published: January 2023

A novel adsorbent-activated carbon-loaded cellulose composite bead (AC-CCB) was synthesized by sol-gel conversion for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX). The maximum dye removal was found to be 96.5, 92.3, and 81.8 %, corresponding to MB concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 mgL-1, respectively. Isotherm and the kinetic study were carried out with an AC-CCB dose of 1.0 g L-1, a shaking speed of 125 rpm, and the initial MB concentration ranging from 25-100 mg L-1. In order to study the kinetics of MB adsorption onto AC-CCB, the temperature was fixed at 298 K, whereas, for the isotherm study, the temperature varied from 298 to 318 K. The process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with rate constant (k2) 28.7x10-2, 11.1x10-2 and 9.41x10-2 g.mg.min-1 corresponding to MB concentration of 25, 50 and 100 mg L-1. Freundlich, Langmuir, and Sips models were found to fit well with the adsorption data. The negative values and the positive values suggested that the adsorption of MB onto AC-CCB was spontaneous and endothermic.
Knowledge and Practice on Menstrual Hygiene among Urban Adolescent Girls in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md Jawadul , Karim Md Rizwanul , Yasmin Nelofar , Paul Shubhra Prakash , Ara Chaman , Parvin Most Firoza , Ferdous Rumana , Rahman Md Asadur , Nahar Kowsarun , Arefin Md Maruful 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Menstruation-related poor knowledge and understanding among adolescent girls may lead to unsafe personal health care practice that ultimately increases the risk of genito-urinary tract infections, drop-out from school, poor academic performance, and overall poor quality of life. Being a developing country, it is an unrecognized problematic area in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is crucial to assess knowledge and practice on menstrual hygiene among urban adolescent girls in Bangladesh.
Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Community Medicine of Rajshahi Medical College among 495 purposively selected urban adolescent girls. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire.
Results: The majority (57.2%) of the respondents in the study were more than 15 years old, and most (93.3%) were Muslim. Most of the girls (82.5%) have experienced menarche within the age range of 12-15 years, and the majority of respondents, 259 (52.32%), were informed about menstruation before menarche. Their source of information about menarche was mothers in most cases. Out of 495 adolescent girls who participated in this study, 70.9% had good knowledge of menstruation. About 82% of girls used commercially made sanitary pads, and 35.2% changed pads or clothes more than three times a day during menstruation.
Conclusion: The majority (70.9%) of adolescent girls had good knowledge of menstruation, and 73.3% had a good practice on menstrual hygiene. Therefore, there is a need to design and implement universal awareness creation and advocacy programs to improve their knowledge of safe and healthy menstruation management and promote good hygienic practices by creating an appropriate supportive home and social environment for all the adolescent girls.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 01-11
Present Assessment Status of ‘Allied Subjects of Surgery’ In Undergraduate Medical Education of Bangladesh: Fresh MBBS Graduates’ Views
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mohibur , Alam Kazi Khairul , Talukder Md Humayun Kabir , Karim Md Rezaul , Islam Mohammad Rashadull , Islam Md Kamrul 
Published: January 2023

Background: The assessment is an integral part of the clinical teaching-learning process in undergraduate medical education.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the views of fresh MBBS graduates about the present assessment status of 'Allied Subjects of Surgery' in undergraduate medical education in Bangladesh. The study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021. Self-administered semi-structured questionnaires were administered to collect data from 40 fresh MBBS graduates. Data were collected from purposively selected 40 fresh MBBS graduates who passed the MBBS course with the completion of internship training within five years working in government and private hospitals or giving health care services in their chamber after getting permission from the respondents.
Results: This Study revealed that the conditions of different issues like formative assessments, summative assessments (Professional examinations), short answer questions (SAQ), multiple choice questions (MCQ), structured oral examinations (SOE), objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) and short cases were poor and in case of long cases were very poor in most of the Allied Subjects of Surgery compared to General Surgery, Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology. These differences were also statistically highly significant in all cases.
Conclusion: Hence it can be recommended that most of the Allied Subjects of Surgery should get optimum importance during the assessment procedures in undergraduate medical education of Bangladesh according to the health needs of the community and current global health care situation.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 27-33
Outcome of Lower Uterine Compressive Suture for the Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage Due to Placenta Previa During Cesarean Section
Authors: Sarker Suravi , Das Mrinal Kanti , Hoque Al Mirajun , Sarkar Sunandita , Sultana Sharmin , Jesmin Shahela , Khatun Rokeya 
Published: January 2023

Background: Lower uterine compression suture (Cervical-Isthmic apposition suture technique) is a new but effective method to arrest postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The effectiveness of the suture is not only due to local compression of the anterior and posterior walls of the uterus but also related to the indirect compression of the intramyometrial vessels running from the lateral edge of the lower uterine segment to its media part. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of uterine compression sutures for the management of PPH due to placenta previa during cesarean section.
Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 45 women who developed severe postpartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa during cesarean section were selected peroperatively or postoperatively as the study case. A lower uterine compression suture was given to all the patients. If the bleeding was not well controlled, then other adjunctive procedures were performed. Patients with a bleeding disorder, type I placenta previa, cases other than placenta previa, and morbid adherents of placenta were excluded from the study. The patients were examined postoperatively and again in 2nd week and 6th week after hospital discharge for evaluation of any complications. Data regarding history, physical findings, and investigation were collected from the patient and the patient's record.
Result: Among the total of 45 cases, PPH was controlled in 88.9%(40) cases with compression sutures in the lower uterine segment, and only 11.1% (5) cases required additional procedures. It was observed that higher age groups, multiparous women, patients with <37 weeks of pregnancy, and previous history of cesarean section were significantly associated with a higher amount of bleeding.
Conclusion: Lower uterine compressive compression suture is an effective and safe method to control PPH due to placenta previa during cesarean section and can preserve the uterus for further pregnancy and menstruation.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 35-41
Detection of Uropathogens and their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern by VITEK2 Automated System in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zohora Fatema Tuz , Alam Kh Md Faisal , Alam Md Shah , Kamal Abu Hena Mostofa , Haque Md Ahsanul , Rahman Md Mizanur 
Published: January 2023

Background: Indwelling urinary catheters are frequently used in critically ill patients. Approximately 66% of patients in intensive care have a urinary catheter in place. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting all ages. Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest public health challenges of our time. Infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become an increasingly complex problem in ICU. Objective: To identify catheter-associated uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern by VITEK2 automated system in intensive care unit patients in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital.
Material and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Microbiology department of Rajshahi Medical College, the Intensive Care Unit of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, and a commercial laboratory in Rajshahi during the period of January 2021 to December 2021. The specimen (urine) was inoculated in blood agar, nutrient agar, and MacConkey's agar media and incubated aerobically at 37˚C for 24 hours. Bacterial isolations and susceptibility tests were done by VITEK2 automated system.
Result: Out of the total 96 samples, culture yielded growth was 36 (37.50%), and culture-negative cases were 60(62.50%). In all age groups, males were predominant, totaling 63 (66.20%). A maximum of 33 cases were found in the age group of 18-30 years where males 23(69.70%) and females 10(30.30%). Among the culture-positive isolates, gram-negative organisms were higher (87.17%) than gram-positive (12.82%). Among 39 isolates, Escherichia coli was the predominant organism of 12(30.76%). Other isolates were Klebsiella spp. 10(25.64%), Pseudomonas spp. 5(12.82%), Acinetobacter spp. 4(10.25%), Enterobacter spp. 2(05.12%), CoNS 3(07.69%) respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility test, gram-negative organisms were highly susceptible to Colistin, followed by Ertapenem, Imipenem, Meropenem, and Amikacin. The most effective drugs for Gram-positive were Linezolid. Other susceptible drugs against Gram-positive bacteria were Vancomycin and Tigecycline.
Conclusion: Most of the isolated bacteria are multidrug resistant. Determining antimicrobial susceptibility by VITEK2 will aid the physician in choosing appropriate antibiotics and treating multidrug-resistant cases.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 43-49
Lipid Profile among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women in Rajshahi City
Authors: Begum Bedowra , Rupa Shamima Nazneen , Sayem ASM , Akhter Shahnaz , Sharmin Susmita , Jhumu Sumayra , Khatun Mst Fatema 
Published: January 2023

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological state with rapid hormonal and metabolic changes that helps the growth and survival of the fetus properly. However, biochemical profile derangement may lead to pregnancy complications and, eventually maybe, death. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether lipid profile (Serum total cholesterol, Serum triglyceride, HDL-C, and LDL-C) during 3rd trimester of pregnancy differs from non-pregnant women of similar reproductive life.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional type of comparative study was carried out in the Physiology Department of Rajshahi Medical College in collaboration with the Maternity and Child Welfare Centre (MCWC), Rajshahi, over a period of 12 months from January 2019 to December 2019 among the pregnant and non-pregnant women to investigate the lipid profile during 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Approval from the Ethical Review Committee (ERC) was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. A pre-designed, validated, structured questionnaire was used to gather information from 120 women by purposive sampling technique. Of them, 60 were pregnant women, and 60 were non-pregnant healthy women.
Results: The Results showed that the total serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and LDL-C were raised among pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women, and these were statistically significant (p < 0.001). But no significant difference in HDL-C was found between the two groups (p > 0.05). In this study, it was found that there was a substantial raised in lipid profile in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy compared with non-pregnant healthy women. So, regular monitoring of the lipid profile of pregnant women should be done to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusion: Total metabolism is increased due to the needs of the growing fetus and the uterus. Basal metabolic rate may be increased up to 30% higher than that of the average for non-pregnant women.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 51-58
Glucose and Calcium Profile in Infants of Diabetic and Nondiabetic mothers- A Comparative Study
Authors: Islam Md Manirul , Ahmmad Be Nazir , Karim Md Rezaul , Islam Md Rokibul , Uddin Md Belal , Hoque Md Sanaul 
Published: January 2023

Background: Diabetes is one of the commonest and most important metabolic disorders that affect the health of pregnant women and infants. Diabetic mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders complicating pregnancy. The neonatal mortality rate is over five times that of nondiabetic mothers and is higher irrespective of birth weight and gestational age. There has been significant improvement in the outcome of diabetic pregnancies largely due to better metabolic control before and during pregnancy and vigorous neonatal care in developed countries. The management in our country still poses a major challenge.
Methods: This case-control study was designed to find out the association between an infant's hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia with maternal diabetes. For the research, a total of 300 neonates were selected, where cases were selected from infants of diabetic mothers, and the control group was selected from infants of nondiabetic mothers. The mothers were interviewed by specific questionnaire, selected neonates were examined, and some biochemical tests were done to find out the outcome.
Results: The study included 300 neonates of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. The mean age of the Mothers of these neonates was 25.36 (SD±5.50) years. Among diabetic mothers 115(76%) had GDM and 36(23.8%) had PGDM. It is revealed that 83 (55%) of 150 mothers took insulin as the treatment. Hypoglycemia in neonates of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers right after birth at their first ½ hour of age 111 (37%). Hypoglycemia was found in 94 (62.3%) of infants of the diabetic mother than only 17(11.4%) in infants of the nondiabetic mother. Where the p-value is <0.001, which explains developing hypoglycemia in the infant of a diabetic mother is higher than nondiabetic mother. The number of hypocalcemic infants of the diabetic mother was 34 (22.5%), while hypocalcemic infants of the nondiabetic mother were only 8 (5.4%), which is significantly (p-value <0.001) lower.
Conclusions: Hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia in infants were directly associated with the presence of diabetes during pregnancy. In spite of intensive management of maternal diabetes, the infants of diabetic mothers continue to be a high-risk population. Among the pregnancies complicated by diabetes, GDM continues to have a major contribution. Hypoglycemia remains the most common biochemical abnormality, followed by hypocalcemia. Therefore, this pregnancy complication will require increased re- sources to manage appropriate glycemic control during pregnancy and reduce adverse perinatal outcomes.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 93-102
Radiological Evaluation of WHO-Defined Pneumonia and Severe Pneumonia
Authors: Kader Md Fazlul , Ahmmad Be Nazir , Das Mrinal Kanti , Chowdhury Mst Ruksana Begum , Sultana Dilruba , Bari Md Iqbal , Uddin Md Belal 
Published: January 2023

In developing countries like Bangladesh, Pneumonia remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In about 50% of cases, no organism can be identified. Therefore, pneumonia diagnosis is usually based on radiographic findings, even in developed countries. World Health Organization (WHO) defines pneumonia based on the clinical Conclusions obtained by chest inspection and respiratory rate of the under-five year children. It was a cross-sectional descriptive type of study conducted in the department of pediatrics in collaboration with the Department of Radiology & Imaging, Rajshahi Medical College, for two years. Chest x-rays with interpretation showed out of 100 patients, 14% were normal, and 31%, 30%, and 25% were suggestive of bacterial Pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and viral Pneumonia, respectively. The chest radiograph is the single most important tool for the diagnosis, exclusion, management, planning of further diagnostic procedures, and follow-up of pneumonia patients. So diagnosis and management of pneumonia are impossible without the use of a chest x-ray evaluation.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 111-118
Frequency of Myocardial Infarction with the Frame of ABO Blood Group System
Authors: Islam Mohammad Fatteh Ul , Rawnuck Tanzila , Parveen Shahanaj , Sonia Farah Anjum , Akter Nasrin , Akber Iffat Ara 
Published: January 2023

Background: The ABO blood group exhibits a blood cell surface protein and an endothelial cell-associated Willebrand factor, and there is evidence that the blood type of individuals can determine the risk of thrombosis in advance. Due to the importance and high prevalence of coronary artery disease, the association between myocardial infarction and ABO blood groups has not been proven, and there are even controversial.
Results. Aims: To determine the relationship between the ABO blood group and acute myocardial infarction.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at the department of Transfusion Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. A total of 384 patients with a history of infarction as the sample. Purposive sampling was applied for the selection of data. The collected data were organized and analyzed using SPSS-22.
Results: Mean age was 54.34±17.26 years, from 25-73 years. Most of the patients, 182 (47.4%) within the 45-65 age group. More than one-third of patients, 295 (76.8%), were male, and 89 (23.2%) patients were female; the male: female ratio was near about 3:1. The association of blood group between STEMI and NSTEMI patients in males and females patients was not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the prevalence of MI in blood group O is more significantly associated with NSTEMI and STEMI patients than in all other ABO blood groups.
Conclusion: The study shows the relation between the ABO blood group and MI, where patients with the O group are more prone to STEMI and NSTEMI.
TAJ 2022; 35: No-2: 125-131