bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do teachers, after their initial training, approach ramp research activities?
Authors: de Pro Chereguini Carlos , de Pro Bueno Antonio , Cantó Doménech José 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis work aims to study what skills and to what degree our initial teacher training students have acquired after completing their Primary Education (PE) Degree studies. For this reason, at the end of the Didactics of Experimental Science (DES) subjects, we asked them to propose a laboratory activity for PE students to work on “The ramp as a machine”. The students’ worksheet had to contain: the curricular location, a contextualization to assess the everyday usefulness of this machine, a description of what it is and how to build it, the elements that characterize it, an investigation into the dependence of the applied force on the weight of the object and the slope of the plane, and a review of everything they had learnt. The results reveal both scientific and didactic achievements, during the training period and the persistence of worrying shortcomings (in particular, the inadequate use of language and the persistence of conceptual errors).
The Impact of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Asthma Prevalence in a Predominantly African-American, Chicago-Based Cohort
Authors: Luo Jiajun , Kibriya Muhammad G , Shah Sameep , Craver Andrew , De La Cruz Sebastian , King Jaime , Olopade Christopher O , Kim Karen , Ahsan Habibul , Pinto Jayant , Aschebrook-Kilfoy Briseis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the joint effect of neighborhood disadvantages on asthma prevalence and evaluate whether individual-level variables protect residents against neighborhood disadvantages. Data from the Chicago Multiethnic Prevention and Surveillance Study (from 2013–2020) were analyzed. Eight neighborhood characteristics were measured using the Chicago Health Atlas, including neighborhood unsafety, limited access to healthy food, neighborhood alienation, severe rent burden, vacant housing, single-parent household, neighborhood poverty, and unemployment. A structured questionnaire measured asthma diagnosis (childhood or adulthood) and individual-level variables including sex, age, income, education, and race. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to evaluate the impact of neighborhood disadvantages. Stratified analysis was performed by income and education. A total of 6,592 participants (mean age = 53.5 (standard deviation, 11.1) years) were included. Most of the study population were non-Hispanic Black (82.5%) and reported an annual household income less than $15,000 (53%). Asthma prevalence was 23.6%. The WQS index, which represents the overall neighborhood disadvantages, was associated with asthma prevalence (odds ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.22) when adjusted for individual-level confounders. Neighborhood poverty contributed 40.8% to the overall impact, followed by vacant housing (23.1%) and neighborhood alienation (22.9%). When stratified by individual-level income or education, no difference was observed for the association between WQS index and asthma prevalence.
Pharmacist-driven epoetin alfa-epbx dosing for hospitalized patients
Authors: Linn Eric , Morrison Heather , Sanchez Michael , Heierman Theodore 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effectiveness of pharmacy consultation in managing epoetin alfa-epbx dosing for inpatients on hemodialysis.MethodsThis multisite, retrospective cohort study evaluated the implementation of an initial dose consultation for epoetin alfa-epbx by pharmacists. A pre-post cohort study evaluated patients from August 2020 through January 2021 and August 2021 through January 2022, respectively. Hospitalized patients were included if they were at least 18 years of age, received hemodialysis, and were administered an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) for anemia due to chronic kidney disease. Patients were excluded for religious objections to receiving blood products or if patients were discharged or died before their first hemodialysis session. The primary outcome was the average epoetin alfa-epbx acquisition cost per patient. Secondary endpoints were the epoetin alfa-epbx overall pharmacy purchasing cost, the average dose, and the number of administered doses. A subgroup analysis was performed for patients in the post group with an outpatient ESA before admission to determine the epoetin alfa-epbx days saved.ResultsA total of 264 patients were included in the pre group, and 272 patients were included in the post group. The average acquisition cost was significantly lower in the post group ($1,681.77 vs $1,041.35, P &lt; 0.0001). The overall pharmacy purchasing cost was also lower in the post group ($148,970.89 vs $127,873.25). The post group had a significantly lower average dose (13,694 vs 10,112 units, P = 0.0004), while the number of administered doses did not differ significantly between the groups (2.09 vs 1.79 doses, P = 0.0668). The subgroup analysis included 83 patients, which yielded 53 epoetin alfa-epbx days saved.ConclusionPharmacist-driven ESA dosing was associated with significant decreases in ESA average acquisition cost and average total dose per patient.
Outcomes in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis utilizing first-line or alternative agents for secondary prophylaxis
Authors: Collette Kaylyn , Bethea Audis , Schadler Aric , Kelley Jordan L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines recommend ciprofloxacin as a first-line option for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) prophylaxis, citing literature that is over 30 years old. There is insufficient data and guidance for prophylaxis in cases of fluoroquinolone treatment failure or intolerance. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes in patients whose antimicrobial prophylaxis was switched from first-line therapies to an alternative agent versus those who were not switched following recurrent SBP.

Methods
This study was an institutional review board–approved retrospective chart review of patients admitted to University of Kentucky HealthCare from 2014 through 2020. Patients included were 18 years of age or older with a diagnosis of recurrent SBP. The primary outcome examined was SBP recurrence rate following initial prophylaxis failure. Additional analyses targeted secondary outcomes, including 6-month mortality, development of SBP complications, development of an adverse drug reaction, and development of multidrug-resistant pathogens.

Results
Fifty-three patients were identified with recurrent SBP and divided into 2 cohorts: 25 patients were switched from their original prophylactic agent while 28 patients continued on the same agent after SBP recurrence. Patients in the switch group had lower rates of recurrence (52% vs 100%). Additionally, these patients had lower 6-month mortality rates (24% vs 57.1%; P = 0.015). Thirteen patients in the no-switch group and 3 patients in the switch group required intensive care on a subsequent admission (46.4% vs 12%; P = 0.008). There were no significant differences between the groups in rates of other SBP complications.

Conclusion
Patients switched from their original prophylactic agent had lower rates of SBP recurrence with significantly lower 6-month mortality rates.
Historical biogeography and local adaptation explain population genetic structure in a widespread terrestrial orchid
Authors: Evans Alexandra , de Kort Hanne , Brys Rein , Duffy Karl J , Jersáková Jana , Kull Tiiu , Selosse Marc-André , Tsiftsis Spyros , Minasiewicz Julita , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsHistorical changes in environmental conditions and colonization–extinction dynamics have a direct impact on the genetic structure of plant populations. However, understanding how past environmental conditions influenced the evolution of species with high gene flow is challenging when signals for genetic isolation and adaptation are swamped by gene flow. We investigated the spatial distribution and genetic structure of the widespread terrestrial orchid Epipactis helleborine to identify glacial refugia, characterize postglacial population dynamics and assess its adaptive potential.MethodsEcological niche modelling was used to locate possible glacial refugia and postglacial recolonization opportunities of E. helleborine. A large single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) dataset obtained through genotyping by sequencing was used to define population genetic diversity and structure and to identify sources of postglacial gene flow. Outlier analyses were used to elucidate how adaptation to the local environment contributed to population divergence.Key ResultsThe distribution of climatically suitable areas was restricted during the Last Glacial Maximum to the Mediterranean, south-western Europe and small areas in the Alps and Carpathians. Within-population genetic diversity was high in E. helleborine (mean expected heterozygosity, 0.373 ± 0.006; observed heterozygosity, 0.571 ± 0.012; allelic richness, 1.387 ± 0.007). Italy and central Europe are likely to have acted as important genetic sources during postglacial recolonization. Adaptive SNPs were associated with temperature, elevation and precipitation.ConclusionsForests in the Mediterranean and Carpathians are likely to have acted as glacial refugia for Epipactis helleborine. Postglacial migration northwards and to higher elevations resulted in the dispersal and diversification of E. helleborine in central Europe and Italy, and to geographical isolation and divergent adaptation in Greek and Italian populations. Distinguishing adaptive from neutral genetic diversity allowed us to conclude that E. helleborine has a high adaptive potential to climate change and demonstrates that signals of adaptation and historical isolation can be identified even in species with high gene flow.
Genomic, spatial and morphometric data for discrimination of four species in the Mediterranean Tamus clade of yams (Dioscorea, Dioscoreaceae)
Authors: Campos Miguel , Kelley Emma , Gravendeel Barbara , Médail Frédéric , Maarten Christenhusz J M , Fay Michael F , Catalán Pilar , Leitch Ilia J , Forest Félix , Wilkin Paul , Viruel Juan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAmong the numerous pantropical species of the yam genus, Dioscorea, only a small group occurs in the Mediterranean basin, including two narrow Pyrenean endemics (Borderea clade) and two Mediterranean-wide species (D. communis and D. orientalis, Tamus clade). However, several currently unrecognized species and infraspecific taxa have been described in the Tamus clade due to significant morphological variation associated with D. communis. Our overarching aim was to investigate taxon delimitation in the Tamus clade using an integrative approach combining phylogenomic, spatial and morphological data.MethodsWe analysed 76 herbarium samples using Hyb-Seq genomic capture to sequence 260 low-copy nuclear genes and plastomes, together with morphometric and environmental modelling approaches.Key ResultsPhylogenomic reconstructions confirmed that the two previously accepted species of the Tamus clade, D. communis and D. orientalis, are monophyletic and form sister clades. Three subclades showing distinctive geographic patterns were identified within D. communis. These subclades were also identifiable from morphometric and climatic data, and introgression patterns were inferred between subclades in the eastern part of the distribution of D. communis.ConclusionsWe propose a taxonomy that maintains D. orientalis, endemic to the eastern Mediterranean region, and splits D. communis sensu lato into three species: D. edulis, endemic to Macaronesia (Canary Islands and Madeira); D. cretica, endemic to the eastern Mediterranean region; and D. communis sensu stricto, widespread across western and central Europe. Introgression inferred between D. communis s.s. and D. cretica is likely to be explained by their relatively recent speciation at the end of the Miocene, disjunct isolation in eastern and western Mediterranean glacial refugia and a subsequent westward recolonization of D. communis s.s. Our study shows that the use of integrated genomic, spatial and morphological approaches allows a more robust definition of species boundaries and the identification of species that previous systematic studies failed to uncover.
Transfer of quercetin ingested by maternal mice to neonatal mice via breast milk
Authors: Fujiwara Nao , Mukai Rie , Nishikawa Miyu , Ikushiro Shinichi , Murakami Akira , Ishisaka Akari 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThis is the first study that quantified quercetin (QUE) and its 16 metabolites in the breast milk of QUE-fed maternal mice, the plasma and urine of that, and neonatal mice. Interestingly, the QUE aglycone concentration in the milk was much higher than in the plasma of maternal mice, suggesting that QUE may exert biological activity in neonates.
Keratinocytes and immune cells in the epidermis are key drivers of inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa providing a rationale for novel topical therapies
Authors: Schell Stephanie L , Cong Zhaoyuan , Sennett Mackenzie L , Gettle Samantha L , Longenecker Amy L , Goldberg Stephanie R , Kirby Joslyn S , Helm Matthew F , Nelson Amanda M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating inflammatory skin disease characterized by painful nodules, drainage and scarring in skin folds. Injectable adalimumab is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HS. Although systemic Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors show promise, serious side-effects have been reported. There are no highly effective topical treatments for HS; furthermore, the contribution of epidermal keratinocytes to the intense inflammation has largely been unexplored.

Objectives
We investigated the role of keratinocytes and epidermal immune cells in HS inflammation at all Hurley stages of disease severity. We aimed to determine whether ruxolitinib can mitigate inflammation from keratinocytes and to develop a better understanding of how topical therapeutics might benefit patients with HS.

Methods
We used skin samples from 87 patients with HS (Hurley stages I–III) and 39 healthy controls to compare keratinocyte- and immune cell-driven epidermal inflammation, in addition to the response of lesional HS keratinocytes to treatment with interferon (IFN)-γ and ruxolitinib. We used haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assessments in whole skin, isolated epidermis, and cultured keratinocytes from healthy controls and both nonlesional and lesional HS skin to identify and define epidermal and keratinocyte-mediated inflammation in HS and how this may be targeted by therapeutics.

Results
HS lesional keratinocytes autonomously secreted high levels of chemokines, such as CCL2, CCL3 and CXCL3, which recruited neutrophils, CD8 T cells, and natural killer cells to the epidermis. Keratinocytes were the dominant source of tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in HS lesions with little to no contribution from underlying dermal immune cells. In the presence of IFN-γ, which is dependent on immune cell infiltrate in vivo, keratinocytes expressed increased levels of additional cytokines including IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23 and IL-36γ. The JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib mitigated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in HS lesional keratinocytes, thus providing a rationale for future study as a topical treatment for HS.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that keratinocytes actively recruit immune cells to HS epidermis and interactions between these cells drive a broad inflammatory profile in HS epidermis. Targeting epidermal inflammation in HS with novel topical formulations may be highly efficacious with reduced systemic side-effects.
Skin 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme expression regulates burn wound healing and can be targeted to modify scar characteristics
Authors: Tsai Kevin H-Y , Shi Huaikai , Parungao Roxanne J , Naficy Sina , Ding Xiaotong , Ding Xiaofeng , Hew Jonathan J , Wang Xiaosuo , Chrzanowski Wojciech , Lavery Gareth G , Li Zhe , Issler-Fisher Andrea C , Chen Jun , Tan Qian , Maitz Peter K , Cooper Mark S , Wang Yiwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundExcessive scarring and fibrosis are the most severe and common complications of burn injury. Prolonged exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids detrimentally impacts on skin, leading to skin thinning and impaired wound healing. Skin can generate active glucocorticoids locally through expression and activity of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11β-HSD1). We hypothesised that burn injury would induce 11β-HSD1 expression and local glucocorticoid metabolism, which would have important impacts on wound healing, fibrosis and scarring. We additionally proposed that pharmacological manipulation of this system could improve aspects of post-burn scarring.MethodsSkin 11β-HSD1 expression in burns patients and mice was examined. The impacts of 11β-HSD1 mediating glucocorticoid metabolism on burn wound healing, scar formation and scar elasticity and quality were additionally examined using a murine 11β-HSD1 genetic knockout model. Slow-release scaffolds containing therapeutic agents, including active and inactive glucocorticoids, were developed and pre-clinically tested in mice with burn injury.ResultsWe demonstrate that 11β-HSD1 expression levels increased substantially in both human and mouse skin after burn injury. 11β-HSD1 knockout mice experienced faster wound healing than wild type mice but the healed wounds manifested significantly more collagen deposition, tensile strength and stiffness, features characteristic of excessive scarring. Application of slow-release prednisone, an inactive glucocorticoid, slowed the initial rate of wound closure but significantly reduced post-burn scarring via reductions in inflammation, myofibroblast generation, collagen production and scar stiffness.ConclusionsSkin 11β-HSD1 expression is a key regulator of wound healing and scarring after burn injury. Application of an inactive glucocorticoid capable of activation by local 11β-HSD1 in skin slows the initial rate of wound closure but significantlyimproves scar characteristics post burn injury.
The Containment Bias of the WHO International Health Regulations
Authors: Le Moli Ginevra 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The ordinary meaning of the term ‘prevention’ is to prevent harm from occurring. But what ‘harm’? For over 170 years, the system now embodied in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Health Regulations (IHRs) has answered this question by focusing on the prevention of disease ‘spread’ across countries, rather than on the ‘spillover’ of pathogens from animals to humans, which constitute the main source of pandemic risk today. This bias towards the containment of disease has deep roots. In the historical context from the IHRs emerged, focusing on pathogen spillover was beyond the possibilities of the science of the time; it was also pointless to the extent that the effort focused on pathogens which were already prevalent in humans, causing diseases such as cholera or plague. Transposed to the present day, this containment bias has important consequences for global health governance. Most importantly among these is that the global health security architecture still lacks a specific system to prevent spillovers of pathogens at the origin of outbreaks and subsequent spread of diseases such as COVID-19, SARS, MERS or Ebola. This article investigates the roots of this focus on containment. Relying on the proceedings of the International Sanitary Conferences that preceded the IHRs, as well as on an untapped documentary archive relating to the revision of the IHRs between 1995-2005, the article explains the reasons underpinning this enduring bias and its implications for global health governance.
Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Respiratory Syncytial Virus vs Influenza in Adults Hospitalized With Acute Respiratory Illness From a Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Begley Katherine M , Monto Arnold S , Lamerato Lois E , Malani Anurag N , Lauring Adam S , Talbot H Keipp , Gaglani Manjusha , McNeal Tresa , Silveira Fernanda P , Zimmerman Richard K , Middleton Donald B , Ghamande Shekhar , Murthy Kempapura , Kim Lindsay , Ferdinands Jill M , Patel Manish M , Martin Emily T 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Current understanding of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in adults is limited by clinical underrecognition. We compared the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of RSV infections vs influenza in adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) in a prospective national surveillance network.

Methods
Hospitalized adults who met a standardized ARI case definition were prospectively enrolled across 3 respiratory seasons from hospitals participating across all sites of the US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (2016–2019). All participants were tested for RSV and influenza using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test associations between laboratory-confirmed infection and characteristics and clinical outcomes.

Results
Among 10 311 hospitalized adults, 6% tested positive for RSV (n = 622), 18.8% for influenza (n = 1940), and 75.1% negative for RSV and influenza (n = 7749). Congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was more frequent with RSV than influenza (CHF: 37.3% vs 28.8%, P &lt; .0001; COPD: 47.6% vs 35.8%, P &lt; .0001). Patients with RSV more frequently had longer admissions (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.80) for stays &gt;1 week) and mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.09–1.93) compared with influenza but not compared with the influenza-negative group (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, .82–1.28 and OR, 1.17; 95% CI, .91–1.49, respectively).

Conclusions
The prevalence of RSV across 3 seasons was considerable. Our findings suggest that those with RSV have worse outcomes compared with influenza and frequently have cardiopulmonary conditions. This study informs future vaccination strategies and underscores a need for RSV surveillance among adults with severe ARI.