bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression of in Vitro Responsiveness to Phytohemagglutinin in Spleen Cells Cultured from Chickens with Marek's Disease
Authors: Theis Gail A. , McBride Raymond A. , Schierman Louis W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cultures of dispersed spleen cells, prepared from MDV-infected chickens with MD visceral lymphomas, showed marked depression of responsiveness to the T cell mitogen PHA, as measured by 3H-Tdr incorporation in cells in vitro. When data are expressed quantitatively in terms of cpm/105 viable cells, the functional depletion of PHA-responsive cells appears to result from lower levels of 3H-Tdr incorporation in the PHA-stimulated spleen cultures from chickens with acute MD symptoms, as compared to similar cultures from uninfected isolator-reared control chickens. It is suggested that depression of PHA-induced blastogenesis in spleen cell cultures from chickens with acute MD reflects virus-related alterations in T lymphocytes.
Differentiating Feline T and B Lymphocytes by Rosette Formation
Authors: Taylor Diane , Hokama Y. , Perri S. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The number of bone marrow-derived and thymus-dependent lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of felines was assessed. Feline bone marrow-derived lymphocytes were determined by erythrocyte antibody complement (EAC)-rosette formation and membrane immunofluorescence. A good correlation was observed between the cells forming EAC-rosettes (mean of 40.2 ± 9.7%) and those possessing membrane immunoglobulins (mean of 45.3 ± 4.1%).
Feline thymus-dependent lymphocytes form non-immune (E)-rosettes with rodent erythrocytes (mouse, rat, guinea pig) but not with erythrocytes from humans, monkeys, dogs, mongooses, chickens, rabbits, sheep, and hamsters. An average of 32.3 ± 9.2% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of cats formed rosettes with guinea pig erythrocytes. Antibody blocking, cytotoxicity, and mix-rosette studies demonstrated that guinea pig red blood cells bind specifically to T lymphocytes. Of feline peripheral blood lymphocytes, 41.0 ± 7.5% showed fluorescent staining with fluorescein-labeled rabbit anti-cat thymus antiserum.
Immunologic Effects of Morphine Administration in Rabbits
Authors: Ringle David A. , Herndon Betty L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Long-term effects of morphine administration on immunologic test responses were studied in female rabbits. Implantation of morphine-containing pellets was found to be more effective than injection of morphine sulfate solutions in promoting increased serum binding of 14C-morphine. A large part of the increased morphine binding by sera associated with administration of morphine was found in serum fractions containing γ-globulin and was absent in γ-globulin-free fractions. These sera showed some degree of specificity for the morphine configuration in tests with other narcotics. They also gave positive immunologic test reactions in passive hemagglutination and radial immunodiffusion tests involving serum albumins conjugated with morphine derivatives. Other evidence for immunologic responsiveness against morphine by morphine-pretreated rabbits was shown by cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions against morphine-carrier conjugates and by a diminution of the serum morphine-binding response in rabbits given an immunosuppressive dose of cyclophosphamide. Failure of naloxone, a morphine antagonist, to alter the serum morphine-binding response suggested that serum levels of the morphine-binding globulin studied here were not directly related to morphine withdrawal.
Mouse Effector Functions Involved in the Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity to Xenogeneic Erythrocytes
Authors: Cohen Stefan A. , Ehrke M. Jane , Mihich Enrico 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mouse spleen cell populations were fractionated by carbonyl iron depletion and nylon wool column separation. The fractions were tested for phagocytic and lytic activity against antibody-coated 51Cr-labeled sheep red blood cells. Carbonyl iron resistant cells had no phagocytic activity but caused lysis at a relatively slow rate. Nylon wool column nonadherent cells had a similar effect. In contrast with the slow lytic action of these cells, nylon wool adherent cells or non-carbonyl iron-treated cells had phagocytic as well as rapid lytic action. Under the conditions studied, both rapid and slow lytic functions were saturable whereas the phagocytic function was not.
Analysis of an HL-A Antiserum by Iso-Electric Focusing
Authors: Reisner Emily G. , Reisner Howard M. , Chung K. S. Su , Folds James D. , Amos D. Bernard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An anti-HL-A 3 antiserum with cross-reacting activity for HL-A 1 and HL-A 11 was subjected to isoelectric focusing over a pH 5–8 gradient. The cytotoxic activity of the serum focused into three distinct peaks, one at the basic end of the gradient, one between pH 6 and pH 7 and one at the acidic end. The first and second peaks reacted with HL-A 3 positive cells and HL-A 3 negative cells positive for cross-reacting antigens. The third peak reacted only with HL-A 3 positive cells.
The Antibody Responses to Myelin Basic Protein (BP) in Lewis Rats: The Effects of Bordetella Pertussis
Authors: Pitts Olin M. , Varitek Vincent A. , Day Eugene D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A time-course study was made of the systemic humoral immune response of Lewis rats to myelin basic protein (BP) as influenced by the dosage of ancillary pertussis adjuvant. Peak activities were observed 5 to 7 weeks after injection. When injected proximal to BP and Mycobacterium butyricum in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), Bordetella pertussis at the level of 4 billion organisms doubled the antibody-binding activity of rat sera for 125I-labeled BP as compared to activities obtained with 0, 2, 6, or 8 billion. The severity of clinical symptoms of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) at the end of the 2nd week was greatest in rats receiving 64 billion organisms, the very same rats that displayed a severely dampened humoral immune response to BP 5 weeks later. When pertussis was injected i.p. rather than proximal to the CFA mixture, the time-course of the humoral immune response displayed a different profile—unusually high binding activities at the time of onset of EAE that fluctuated back and forth from high to low and that eventually dampened to an intermediate level.
The Influence of Foster Nursing on the Survival and Immunologic Competence of Mice and Rats
Authors: Silvers Willys K. , Poole Timothy W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A series of experiments were undertaken in mice and rats to confirm the report that foster nursing rats of one strain, on mothers of a different strain, can influence their survival and immunologic competence as a consequence of their receiving a significant number of immunologically competent leukocytes via the milk. These experiments have included foster nursing mice and rats, either immediately after birth, or when 25 to 36 hr old, on H-2 incompatible and Ag-B compatible and incompatible mothers, respectively, and challenging them with ear skin grafts of the same genotype as their surrogate mother. They also have included fostering animals rendered tolerant of their surrogate mother's transplantation antigens. In no instance was any evidence obtained that foster nursing can prejudice the survival or influence the immunologic competence of mice or rats.
A Subpopulation of T Cells Bearing Fc Receptors
Authors: Basten Antony , Miller J. F. A. P. , Warner Noel L. , Abraham Robert , Chia Eunice , Gamble Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A wide range of cell populations were examined for Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing T cells: thymus, spleen, peritoneal cells, and T cells activated to H-2 antigens in spleen (ATC spleen) and in thoracic duct lymph (T-TDL). In addition, B lymphocytes from thoracic duct lymph of athymic nude mice and a Thy-1-positive, FcR-positive thymoma served as control cell populations. Reagents used were aggregates of human γ-globulin and of various mouse myeloma proteins (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b), radioiodinated antigen-antibody complexes, and sheep erythrocyte antibody rosettes. Labeling techniques involving radioautography and immuno-fluorescence were used to demonstrate FcR by one of the above reagents and to identify T cells either by staining with anti-Thy-1.2 or by a specific rabbit anti-mouse T cell serum, or by failure to stain with anti-mouse immunoglobulin. In some experiments phagocytic cells were removed whereas in others they were identified by their capacity to engulf latex particles. Approximately 25% of cells with T cell markers were FcR-bearing cells in thymus, normal spleen, and peritoneal cavity, and 17% in ATC spleen. FcR on T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues were detectable by aggregates of HGG and myeloma proteins and by radioiodinated immune complexes. Those on T cells in thymus were revealed only by aggregates of HGG. Circulating T cells (T.TDL) failed to display FcR: a) despite the use of a wide range of the above labeling techniques, each of which was shown to detect FcR on other T cells, thymoma cells, and B cells, and b) even after removal of Ig associated with their cell membranes. In contrast to B cell FcR which bound IgG1 preferentially, those on T cells bound both IgG1 and IgG2, raising the possibility that the FcR on T cell is distinct from that on B cell. It is concluded that FcR-bearing T cells represent a subpopulation of cells within the thymus and the secondary lymphoid tissues.
Carrier Specificity vs Hapten Specificity in Classical Cell-Mediated Contact Sensitivity to Dinitrochlorobenzene
Authors: Levis William R. , Powell John A. , Whalen John J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
An anti-HL-A human alloantiserum contained antibodies specific for B lymphocyte alloantigen(s). These antigens were distinct from HL-A antigens and, unlike the latter, were clsely associated with B lymphcoyte Fc receptors. By analogy to the mouse, we suggest that these antigens are associated with an Ir gene region linked to the HL-A locus.
Molecular Restriction of Anti-DNP Antibodies Induced by (DNP)2-Gramicidin S
Authors: Montgomery Paul C. , Rockey John H. , Kahn Ronald L. , Skandera Cheryl A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The molecular properties of anti-DNP antibodies were studied in 80 rabbits hyperimmunized with (DNP)2-gramicidin S. Unimmunized animals or those previously skin-painted with DNFB were subjected to biweekly injections of (DNP)2-gramicidin S. Isoelectric focusing revealed that the spectrotypes of the anti-DNP antibodies fell into three classifications: monoclonal, 18 to 21%; biclonal, 21 to 30%; and restricted, 14 to 26%. In each immunization protocol 35% of the rabbits did not respond. Longer time periods and more intensive immunization were necessary to achieve an anti-DNP response than with conventional DNP-protein conjugates, with skin painting tending to shorten the overall response time. The anti-DNP responses were invariant with respect to affinity and isoelectric spectra regardless of the immunization protocol or degree of restriction. Chain reassociation studies on antibodies purified from the sera of rabbits displaying monoclonal spectrotypes provide additional evidence that such antibodies are biosynthetically homogeneous. These data support the concept that carrier complexity influences the heterogeneity of the anti-hapten response but strongly suggests that the genetics of an outbred population may be an overriding factor in controlling response heterogeneity.
Studies on the Adjuvant Effect of Bordetella Pertussis Vaccine to Sheep Erythrocytes in the Mouse
Authors: Murgo Anthony J. , Athanassiades Thomas J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The adjuvant effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine (PV) on the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) has been studied in vitro with the Mishell-Dutton immunization technique. The addition of PV to cultures of spleen cells obtained from normal non-immunized mice markedly enhanced the plaque-forming cell response to SRBC. The greatest enhancement was evident at 24 hr of culture. PV was also shown to enhance the antibody response of spleen cells that had been depleted of either T lymphocytes or adherent cells, presumably macrophages. In addition, it was found that PV, per se, released into the culture medium a soluble cell-free component(s) that contributed significantly to adjuvanticity. The results suggest that at least one of the ways that PV enhances the in vitro immune response to SRBC is by direct stimulation of precursors of antibody-forming cells.
Reactivity of Rabbit Antiserum to Guinea Pig Eosinophils
Authors: Gleich Gerald J. , Loegering David A. , Olson Gail M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although the eosinophil has been recognized as a distinctive cell type for almost 100 years, the major functions of these cells remain unknown. As an approach to defining these functions we have treated guinea pigs with rabbit antiserum to eosinophils (AES) in an attempt to ablate these cells from tissues. Rabbits were immunized thrice with purified eosinophils and the antisera were absorbed with peripheral blood cells from guinea pigs made eosinopenic with methyprednisolone to remove antibodies reactive with serum proteins and erythrocytes. The resulting sera reacted strongly with eosinophils in cytotoxicity tests and had weak or no reactivity with neutrophils. However, absorption of AES with purified neutrophils removed anti-eosinophil activity. Intraperitoneal injection of potent AES into guinea pigs resulted in complete absence of eosinophils from the peripheral blood and from the peritoneal cavity with only transient or no reduction in circulating neutrophils. Eosinophils were also reduced in bone marrow, spleen, and intestine. The ability of neutrophils to absorb AES activity in spite of weak reactivity in cytotoxicity tests may reflect a quantitative difference in antigenic determinants between eosinophils and neutrophils.
The Properties of Plaque-Forming Cells from Autoimmune and Normal Strains of Mice with Specificity for Autologous Erythrocyte Antigens
Authors: Lord Edith M. , Dutton Richard W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Treatment of mouse erythrocytes with the proteolytic enzyme, bromelain, reveals antigenic determinants not normally exposed on the erythrocyte surface. It was found that not only NZB mice, a known autoimmune strain, but also several normal strains of mice contain cells in small numbers in their spleens and in larger numbers in their peritoneal cavities which will form plaques against bromelain-treated MRBC. During in vitro culture the number of anti-BR-MRBC PFC increases slightly in the spleen cell populations whereas the number of these PFC in peritoneal cells increases dramatically to as many as 10,000 PFC/106 cells. The plaques detected in this assay contain a central lymphoid cell and their development, which requires the presence of complement and protein synthesis, is inhibited by anti-mouse immunoglobulin.
B Lymphocyte Differentiation from Fetal Liver Stem Cells In89 Sr-Treated Mice
Authors: Kincade Paul W. , Moore Malcolm A. S. , Schlegel Robert A. , Pye John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
89Sr treatment was used to determine if stem cells in young fetal liver could differentiate to mature B lymphocytes in adult animals that lacked functional bone marrow. Isotope injection alone resulted in a severe and lasting depletion of bone marrow cells and particularly lymphocytes, multipotential stem cells, and progenitors for granulocytes and macrophages. The latter two functional populations of cells expanded in number in the spleen but not the liver after their destruction in bone marrow. The total body content of stem cells did not, however, return to normal. Spleen B cells and lymphocytes lacking B or T cell markers were reduced by 89Sr treatment and possible reasons for this depletion are discussed. B lymphocytes were formed in lethally x-irradiated mice that had less than 1% of normal bone marrow function after reconstitution with fetal liver cells. These cells were immunologically mature by virtue of their ability to mount a primary immune response and function in a thymus-independent adoptive anti-hapten response.
7S Class-Restricted Hapten-Specific Paralysis by Injection of Thymus-Independent Hapten-Carrier Conjugate
Authors: Del Guercio P. , Poirier Marie France , Thobie Nicole 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The shift from IgM anti-hapten antibody production to IgG anti-hapten antibody production, subsequent to challenge with a T-dependent conjugate, is inhibited in mice by preimmunization with the T-independent DNP-LE conjugate. The results suggest that DNP on levan triggers off 19S T-independent anti-hapten precursors and paralyzes 7S T-dependent anti-hapten precursors.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin: Effects of Crude and Purified Preparations on Lymphocyte Responses to Phytohemagglutinin and Allogeneic Stimulation
Authors: Caldwell Joseph L. , Stites Daniel P. , Fudenberg H. Hugh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The factors that prevent maternal immunologic rejection of the histoincompatible fetus are not understood. High levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are present in the placenta, and several reports have noted suppression of mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation when cultures were supplemented with crude preparations of HCG. Purified HCG and multiple lots of crude HCG obtained from different suppliers were examined for their ability to suppress lymphocyte transformation produced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or allogeneic stimulation. Crude preparations of HCG produced suppression of the lymphocyte stimulation induced by low doses of PHA, but the suppression could be overcome completely by increasing the PHA dose. The purified preparations of HCG produced no suppression of lymphocyte responses, even at the lower PHA dose. Purified HCG did not give a dose-related suppression of allogeneic lymphocyte responses, and crude lots of HCG gave highly variable results. One lot of crude HCG produced spontaneous stimulation of lymphocytes. Isoelectric focusing of HCG preparations demonstrated multiple bands, and lymphocyte suppression may be secondary to these additional unidentified proteins. The failure of purified HCG to suppress lymphocyte responses makes it unlikely that the absence of maternal rejection of the fetus is due to high placental levels of HCG.
Immune Response to a Syngeneic Mammary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kuperman Oded , Fortner G. William , Lucas Zoltan J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A method is described for the consistent in vitro generation of cytotoxic cells by incubating Fischer 344 rat spleen cells on monolayers of a syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma. Significant cytotoxicity by in vitro culture is generated as early as 3 days after initiation and effector cells are cytolytic only toward target cells of the sensitizing monolayer. Reciprocal sensitization with allogeneic fibroblasts as the immunizing monolayer yielded effector cells cytolytic for the fibroblasts but without effect on the mammary tumor. The consistency in the generation of cytotoxic cells by in vitro culture should permit its standardized use in following other related immune phenomena such as blocking by serologic factors and suppression, recruitment or memory for cytotoxic function.
Number of Histocompatibility Loci in Syrian Hamsters
Authors: Silvers Willys K. , Gasser David L. , Murphy Michael R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Syrian hamsters descended from animals captured in the summer of 1971 have been utilized to obtain some estimate of the number of histocompatibility loci in this species. The survival of skin grafts on two F2 populations derived from these animals and two isogenic stocks indicates considerably more histocompatibility loci than previously reported.
The Humoral Response of Mouse Spleen Cells to Two Types of Sheep Erythrocytes
Authors: McCarthy Margaret M. , Dutton Richard W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Some strains of mice discriminate between two types of sheep erythrocytes (H or L-SRBC) and others do not. It is proposed that there are shared antigen(s) common to both H and L and extra antigen(s) present only in H. It is shown that individual clones of antibody-forming cells make antibody to either the shared or extra antigens. These antigenic differences are not found to correlate with any of the known major sheep erythrocyte antigens.
The genetic control of the ability to discriminate between these two types of red cell was investigated by an analysis of the response of F1, F2 and backcross mice. The results suggest that the response is under multigene control. BL/6 mice give high responses to the extra antigens and low responses to the shared (high discriminator). DBA/2 gives high responses to the extra antigen (nondiscriminator). F1 mice give high responses to both extra and shared antigen but still discriminate between the two types of erythrocytes (low discriminator). Additional phenotypes appear in the F2 and backcross mice.
B Cells in the Appendix and Other Lymphoid Organs of the Rabbit: Complement Receptor Lymphocytes
Authors: Calkins Catherine E. , Carboni Joan M. , Waksman Byron H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Complement receptor lymphocytes were demonstrated in rabbit lymphoid organs, the spleen containing the highest numbers (35%) and the thymus none. Extremely variable numbers (up to 50%) were detectable in the appendix. B and T cell depletion, rosette depletion, and histologic staining indicate that these CRL are B cells in the rabbit as in other species. The variable behavior of B cells in the appendix suggests a difference between this lymphoid population and those of other rabbit lymphoid organs.
Effects of Migration Inhibiting Factor(s) on the in Vitro Detachment of Macrophages
Authors: Weiss Leonard , Glaves Dorothy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Supernatants from spleen cells, derived from mice injected with BCG and cultured with PPD, specifically inhibited the migration of normal mouse peritoneal macrophages when compared with control supernatants. Migration inhibitory supernatants were also shown to decrease the detachment of adherent macrophages in a novel test system. Both macrophage migration and detachment inhibitory activities were abrogated by neuraminidase and chymotrypsin treatment of supernatants but were thermostable, suggesting that the detachment test is a sensitive index of MIF activity.
In Vitro Immunogenicity of Trinitrophenylated Bacteriophage T4
Authors: Jennings John J. , Baltz Marilyn , Rittenberg Marvin B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A primary immune response was obtained in vitro to trinitrophenylated bacteriophate T4 (TNP-T4) by using normal BALB/c spleen cells challenged in vitro. The primary response was limited to anti-TNP; we failed to find evidence of a primary anti-T4 response in spleen cell cultures challenged with either TNP-T4 or native T4. In vivo priming with the carrier T4 failed to enhance the subsequent in vitro response to TNP-T4 although such priming sometimes caused suppression of the anti-hapten response. The addition of excess free carrier to spleen cell cultures challenged with TNP-T4 failed to suppress the anti-TNP response. Spleen cells treated with anti-θ plus complement were unaffected in their ability to respond to TNP-T4. We conclude that TNP-T4 should be classified among the thymus independent antigens.