bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining chemotherapy and tislelizumab with preoperative split-course hypofraction radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: study protocol of a prospective, single-arm, phase II trial
Authors: Zheng Rong , Wang Bi-Si , Li Zhihua , Chi Pan , Xu Benhua 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionShort-course radiotherapy (SCRT) with systemic therapy has the potential to further improve the long-term efficacy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). To maximise the benefits of neoadjuvant therapy for improved prognosis, it is important to determine the optimal mix of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and SCRT.Methods and analysisFifty treatment-naïve patients with operable LARC (T3–4 and/or N+) will be recruited. Patients will be synchronously treated with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) chemotherapy, tislelizumab and preoperative split-course hypofraction radiotherapy (SCHR) (5×7 Gy) before surgery. Chemotherapy for CAPOX starts on day 1 of every 21-day cycle: on day 1, oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2will be injected intravenously. On days 1–14, capecitabine 1000 mg/m2was ingested two times a day. Simultaneously, tocilizumab 200 mg will be given intravenously on the first day of every 21-day cycle. A single 7 Gy SCHR treatment (day 7 of each 21-day cycle) will be delivered five times during the seventh day of treatment. The primary endpoint will be pathological complete response. The secondary outcomes will be the 3-year disease-free survival, local recurrence rate, overall survival, sphincter-sparing surgery rate, R0 resection rate, predictive biomarkers and quality of life.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiehe Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (XAHFMU) (No. 2021YF025-01). Results from our study will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journals. All study procedures were developed in order to assure data protection and confidentiality.Trial registration numberNCT05176964.
Identification of the elements of models of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria for assessing their usefulness and usability in One Health decision making: a protocol for scoping review
Authors: Acharya Kamal Raj , Romero-Leiton Jhoana P , Parmley Elizabeth Jane , Nasri Bouchra 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex problem that requires the One Health approach, that is, a collaboration among various disciplines working in different sectors (animal, human and environment) to resolve it. Mathematical and statistical models have been used to understand AMR development, emergence, dissemination, prediction and forecasting. A review of the published models of AMR will help consolidate our knowledge of the dynamics of AMR and will also facilitate decision-makers and researchers in evaluating the credibility, generalisability and interpretation of the results and aspects of AMR models. The study objective is to identify and synthesise knowledge on mathematical and statistical models of AMR among bacteria in animals, humans and environmental compartments.Methods and analysisEligibility criteria: Original research studies reporting mathematical and statistical models of AMR among bacteria in animal, human and environmental compartments that were published until 2022 in English, French and Spanish will be included in this study. Sources of evidence: Database of PubMed, Agricola (Ovid), Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience Direct (CABI), Web of Science (Clarivate), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and MathScinet. Data charting: Metadata of the study, the context of the study, model structure, model process and reporting quality will be extracted. A narrative summary of this information, gaps and recommendations will be prepared and reported in One Health decision-making context.Ethics and disseminationResearch ethics board approval was not obtained for this study as neither human participation nor unpublished human data were used in this study. The study findings will be widely disseminated among the One Health Modelling Network for Emerging Infections network and stakeholders by means of conferences, and publication in open-access peer-reviewed journals.
Common health assets protocol: a mixed-methods, realist evaluation and economic appraisal of how community-led organisations (CLOs) impact on the health and well-being of people living in deprived areas
Authors: Baker Rachel Mairi , Ahmed Mohasin , Bertotti Marcello , Cassidy John , Chipuriro Rejoice , Clewett Emma , Donaldson Cam , Elders Andrew , Fenge Lee Ann , Fox Julie , Galway Karen , Gildea Aideen , McGuinness Aileen , McLean Jennifer , Manoukian Sarkis , Mason Helen , Morgan Antony , Mulholland Jill , O'Hare Liam , Paterson Andrew , Porter Sam , Rendall Jack , Roy Michael J , Seaman Peter , Simpson Merron , Steiner Artur , Kelly Michael P 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThis research investigates how community-led organisations’ (CLOs’) use of assets-based approaches improves health and well-being, and how that might be different in different contexts. Assets-based approaches involve ‘doing with’ rather than ‘doing to’ and bring people in communities together to achieve positive change using their own knowledge, skills and experience. Some studies have shown that such approaches can have a positive effect on health and well-being. However, research is limited, and we know little about which approaches lead to which outcomes and how different contexts might affect success.Methods and analysisUsing a realist approach, we will work with 15 CLOs based in disadvantaged communities in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. A realist synthesis of review papers, and a policy analysis in different contexts, precedes qualitative interviews and workshops with stakeholders, to find out how CLOs’ programmes work and identify existing data. We will explore participants’ experiences through: a Q methodology study; participatory photography workshops; qualitative interviews and measure outcomes using a longitudinal survey, with 225 CLO participants, to assess impact for people who connect with the CLOs. An economic analysis will estimate costs and benefits to participants, for different contexts and mechanisms. A ‘Lived Experience Panel’ of people connected with our CLOs as participants or volunteers, will ensure the appropriateness of the research, interpretation and reporting of findings.Ethics and disseminationThis project, research tools and consent processes have been approved by the Glasgow Caledonian University School of Health and Life Sciences Ethics Committee, and affirmed by Ethics Committees at Bournemouth University, Queen’s University Belfast and the University of East London. Common Health Assets does not involve any National Health Service sites, staff or patients.Findings will be presented through social media, project website, blogs, policy briefings, journal articles, conferences and visually in short digital stories, and photographic exhibitions.
Categorising implementation determinants and strategies within the US HIV implementation literature: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Merle James Lorenz , Li Dennis , Keiser Brennan , Zamantakis Alithia , Queiroz Artur , Gallo Carlos G , Villamar Juan A , McKay Virginia , Zapata Juan Pablo , Mustanski Brian , Benbow Nanette , Smith Justin D 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionDespite decreased rates of new infections, HIV/AIDS continues to impact certain US populations. In order to achieve the goals laid out in the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) in the US initiative, implementation science is needed to expand the sustained use of effective prevention and treatment interventions, particularly among priority populations at risk for and living with HIV/AIDS. Over 200 HIV-related implementation studies have been funded by the US National Institutes of Health. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the literature identifying implementation determinants (barriers and facilitators) and categorising implementation strategies across the continuum of HIV prevention and care in the USA is appropriate and needed to enhance current knowledge and help achieve the goals laid out in the EHE national strategic plan.Methods and analysisThis systematic review protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Between November 2020 and January 2022, a broad database search strategy of Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science was conducted to capture implementation-related studies along the HIV prevention and care continuum. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were: conducted in the USA, published after the year 2000, written in English, related to HIV/AIDS, focused on outcomes related to dissemination and implementation (ie, did not test/evaluate/explore implementation determinants or strategies) and were behavioural studies (ie, not basic science). We plan to conduct three systematic reviews to identify and categorise determinants and strategies associated with three HIV focus areas: pre-exposure prophylaxis, testing/diagnosing and linkage to care, and treatment. Determinants will be coded according to an adapted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research 2.0. Implementation strategies and outcomes will be categorised in accordance with existing taxonomies and frameworks.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not applicable. No original data will be collected. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and via online tools.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021233089.
Risk of Aneurysm Rupture (ROAR) study: protocol for a long-term, longitudinal, UK multicentre study of unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Hall Samuel , Birks Jacqueline , Anderson Ian , Bacon Andrew , Brennan Paul M , Bennett David , Chavredakis Emmanuel , Critchley Giles , Dow Graham , Downer Jonathan , Galea James , Grover Patrick , Gurusinghe Nihal , Helmy Adel , Kounin Gueorgui , Mukerji Nitin , Patel Hiren , Patel Jash , Ross Nicholas , St George Jerome , Teo Mario , Tolias Christos Michael , Tzerakis Nikolaos , Uff Christopher , van Beijum Janneke , Veighey Kristin , White Edward , Whitfield Peter , Bulters Diederik Oliver 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionUnruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) are common in the adult population, but only a relatively small proportion will rupture. It is therefore essential to have accurate estimates of rupture risk to target treatment towards those who stand to benefit and avoid exposing patients to the risks of unnecessary treatment. The best available UIA natural history data are the PHASES study. However, this has never been validated and given the known heterogeneity in the populations, methods and biases of the constituent studies, there is a need to do so. There are also many potential predictors not considered in PHASES that require evaluation, and the estimated rupture risk is largely based on short-term follow-up (mostly 1 year). The aims of this study are to: (1) test the accuracy of PHASES in a UK population, (2) evaluate additional predictors of rupture and (3) assess long-term UIA rupture rates.Methods and analysisThe Risk of Aneurysm Rupture study is a longitudinal multicentre study that will identify patients with known UIA seen in neurosurgery units. Patients will have baseline demographics and aneurysm characteristics collected by their neurosurgery unit and then a single aggregated national cohort will be linked to databases of hospital admissions and deaths to identify all patients who may have subsequently suffered a subarachnoid haemorrhage. All matched admissions and deaths will be checked against medical records to confirm the diagnosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. The target sample size is 20 000 patients. The primary outcome will be aneurysm rupture resulting in hospital admission or death. Cox regression models will be built to test each of the study’s aims.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been given by South Central Hampshire A Research Ethics Committee (21SC0064) and Confidentiality Advisory Group support (21CAG0033) provided under Section 251 of the NHS Act 2006. The results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN17658526.
Healthcare experience of adults with COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review of international literature
Authors: Madawala Sanduni , Quach Anthony , Lim Jia Yi , Varatharaj Sanjay , Perera Bianca , Osadnik Christian , Barton Chris 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPeople living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a group who may be particularly vulnerable to COVID-19. This vulnerability has been associated with increased anxiety or fear about exposure to the virus, which may also impact upon experience in healthcare settings.Aim/objectivesThe aim of this narrative mixed-methods review was to systematically scope, identify and synthesise findings from peer-reviewed qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods studies published in academic journals describing the healthcare experiences of adults living with COPD independently in the community, following the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019–June 2022.MethodsDatabases including Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Ovid Emcare and CINAHL Plus were searched. Studies were uploaded to Covidence to support selection and appraisal of studies. Studies were appraised for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis of these themes was provided, and qualitative and quantitative findings are interpreted together in the discussion.FindingsThe quality and experience of care for patients with COPD was impacted through the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovations and adoption of technologies such as telehealth and telerehabilitation were well received and mitigated the potential implications of severe disruption to care access to some extent. Patients feared feeling forgotten and experienced isolation and anxiety; however, telerehabilitation and exercise through modalities such as Zoom classes help support social connection and physical activity.ImplicationsThese innovations are likely to be useful to be offered to patients on an ongoing basis, and education and standardised protocols around their use will benefit healthcare providers and patients alike.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022341168.
Eating behaviours, menstrual history and the athletic career: a retrospective survey from adolescence to adulthood in female endurance athletes
Authors: Ravi Suvi , Valtonen Maarit , Ihalainen Johanna K , Holopainen Elina , Kosola Silja , Heinonen Saara , Waller Ben , Kujala Urho M , Parkkari Jari 
Published: March 2023

AimTo evaluate differences in menstrual and pubertal history and trends in eating behaviours among women with and without a competitive sports background. Additionally, we investigated if menstrual history and eating behaviours are associated with sports career-related factors.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on 100 women with a competitive endurance sports background and their age-matched, gender-matched and municipality-matched controls (n=98). Data were collected using a questionnaire using previously validated instruments. Generalised estimating equations were used to calculate associations of menstrual history and eating behaviours with outcome variables (career length, participation level, injury-related harms and career termination due to injury).ResultsAthletes reported higher rates of delayed puberty and menstrual dysfunction than controls. No differences between the groups were observed in the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire short form (EDE-QS) scores at any age. Previous disordered eating (DE) was associated with current DE in both groups. Among athletes, higher EDE-QS scores during the sports career were associated with a shorter career (B=−0.15, 95% CI −0.26 to –0.05). Secondary amenorrhoea was associated with lower participation level (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.95), injury-related harms during the career (OR 4.00, 95% CI 1.88 to 8.48) and career termination due to injury (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.51).ConclusionThe findings indicate that DE behaviours and menstrual dysfunction, specifically secondary amenorrhoea, have a disadvantageous relationship with a sports career in women competing in endurance sports. DE during the sports career is associated with DE after the career.
Associations between health problems and athlete burnout: a cohort study in 210 adolescent elite athletes
Authors: Moseid Nils Fredrik Holm , Lemyre Nicolas , Roberts Glyn C , Fagerland Morten Wang , Holm Moseid Christine , Bahr Roald 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesWe studied associations between the burden of health problems and athlete burnout in a population of athletes from Norwegian Sport Academy High Schools.MethodsThis is a mixed prospective/retrospective cohort study. We included 210 athletes, 135 boys and 75 girls, from endurance, technical and team sports. We used the Oslo Sports Trauma Centres Questionnaire for Health Problems to collect 124 weeks of health data. During the first 26 weeks, athletes reported the health data prospectively using a smartphone app. For the following 98 weeks, we collected health data by interviewing athletes at the end of their third year in Sport Academy High School. At the time of the interview, the athletes also completed a web-based questionnaire, including the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire and covering social relations in sports and school, coach relations and living conditions.ResultsA greater burden of health problems was associated with a higher score for athlete burnout (B: 0.16, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.22, p<0.001). In a multivariable model, this was true for both illnesses (B: 0.21, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.32, p<0.001), acute injuries (B: 0.16, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.27, p=0.007) and overuse injuries (B: 0.10, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.18, p=0.011). This was also true in gender and sports category subgroups. The coach having a high influence on training week was associated with a lower score for athlete burnout.ConclusionA greater burden of health problems was associated with greater symptoms of athlete burnout in athletes attending Sport Academy High Schools.
Rheumatic heart disease mortality in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians between 2013 and 2017
Authors: Stacey Ingrid , Seth Rebecca , Nedkoff Lee , Hung Joseph , Wade Vicki , Haynes Emma , Carapetis Jonathan , Murray Kevin , Bessarab Dawn , Katzenellenbogen Judith M 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo generate contemporary age-specific mortality rates for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians aged <65 years who died from rheumatic heart disease (RHD) between 2013 and 2017, and to ascertain the underlying causes of death (COD) of a prevalent RHD cohort aged <65 years who died during the same period.MethodsFor this retrospective, cross-sectional epidemiological study, Australian RHD deaths for 2013–2017 were investigated by first, mortality rates generated using Australian Bureau of Statistics death registrations where RHD was a coded COD, and second COD analyses of death records for a prevalent RHD cohort identified from RHD register and hospitalisations. All analyses were undertaken by Indigenous status and age group (0–24, 25–44, 45–64 years).ResultsAge-specific RHD mortality rates per 100 000 were 0.32, 2.63 and 7.41 among Indigenous 0–24, 25–44 and 45–64 year olds, respectively, and the age-standardised mortality ratio (Indigenous vs non-Indigenous 0–64 year olds) was 14.0. Within the prevalent cohort who died (n=726), RHD was the underlying COD in 15.0% of all deaths, increasing to 24.6% when RHD was included as associated COD. However, other cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions were the underlying COD in 34% and 43% respectively.ConclusionPremature mortality in people with RHD aged <65 years has approximately halved in Australia since 1997–2005, most notably among younger Indigenous people. Mortality rates based solely on underlying COD potentially underestimates true RHD mortality burden. Further strategies are required to reduce the high Indigenous to non-Indigenous mortality rate disparity, in addition to optimising major comorbidities that contribute to non-RHD mortality.
Comparative effect of varenicline and nicotine patches on preventing repeat cardiovascular events
Authors: Robijn Annelies L , Filion Kristian B , Woodward Mark , Hsu Benjumin , Chow Clara K , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Jorm Louisa , Falster Michael O , Havard Alys 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the comparative effectiveness of postdischarge use of varenicline versus prescription nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) patches for the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality and whether this association differs by sex.MethodsOur cohort study used routinely collected hospital, pharmaceutical dispensing and mortality data for residents of New South Wales, Australia. We included patients hospitalised for a major cardiovascular event or procedure 2011–2017, who were dispensed varenicline or prescription NRT patches within 90day postdischarge. Exposure was defined using an approach analogous to intention to treat. Using inverse probability of treatment weighting with propensity scores to account for confounding, we estimated adjusted HRs for major cardiovascular events (MACEs), overall and by sex. We fitted an additional model with a sex–treatment interaction term to determine if treatment effects differed between males and females.ResultsOur cohort of 844 varenicline users (72% male, 75% <65 years) and 2446 prescription NRT patch users (67% male, 65% <65 years) were followed for a median of 2.93 years and 2.34 years, respectively. After weighting, there was no difference in risk of MACE for varenicline relative to prescription NRT patches (aHR 0.99, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.19). We found no difference (interaction p=0.098) between males (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.16) and females (aHR 1.30, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.84), although the effect among females deviated from the null.ConclusionWe found no difference between varenicline and prescription NRT patches in the risk of recurrent MACE. These results should be considered when determining the most appropriate choice of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.
TFAM deficiency in dendritic cells leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced antitumor immunity through cGAS-STING pathway
Authors: Lu Tianqi , Zhang Ziqi , Bi Zhenfei , Lan Tianxia , Zeng Hao , Liu Yu , Mo Fei , Yang Jingyun , Chen Siyuan , He Xuemei , Hong Weiqi , Zhang Zhe , Pi Ruyu , Ren Wenyan , Tian Xiaohe , Wei Yuquan , Luo Min , Wei Xiawei 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundMitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a transcription factor that maintains mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stabilization and initiates mtDNA replication. However, little is known about the immune regulation function and TFAM expression in immune cells in the tumors.MethodsMouse tumor models were applied to analyze the effect of TFAM deficiency in myeloid cell lineage on tumor progression and tumor microenvironment (TME) modification. In vitro, primary mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were used in the investigation of the altered function and the activated pathway. OVA was used as the model antigen to validate the activation of immune responses in vivo. STING inhibitors were used to confirm the STING activation provoked byTfamdeficient in DCs.ResultsThe deletion of TFAM in DCs led to mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA cytosolic leakage resulting in the cGAS-STING pathway activation in DCs, which contributed to the enhanced antigen presentation. The deletion of TFAM in DCs has interestingly reversed the immune suppressive TME and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in tumor models.ConclusionsWe have revealed that TFAM knockout in DCs ameliorated immune-suppressive microenvironment in tumors through STING pathway. Our work suggests that specific TFAM knockout in DCs might be a compelling strategy for designing novel immunotherapy methods in the future.