bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two-stage RNN-based deep reinforcement learning approach for solving the parallel machine scheduling problem with due dates and family setups
Authors: Li Funing , Lang Sebastian , Hong Bingyuan , Reggelin Tobias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs an essential scheduling problem with several practical applications, the parallel machine scheduling problem (PMSP) with family setups constraints is difficult to solve and proven to be NP-hard. To this end, we present a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach to solve a PMSP considering family setups, aiming at minimizing the total tardiness. The PMSP is first modeled as a Markov decision process, where we design a novel variable-length representation of states and actions, so that the DRL agent can calculate a comprehensive priority for each job at each decision time point and then select the next job directly according to these priorities. Meanwhile, the variable-length state matrix and action vector enable the trained agent to solve instances of any scales. To handle the variable-length sequence and simultaneously ensure the calculated priority is a global priority among all jobs, we employ a recurrent neural network, particular gated recurrent unit, to approximate the policy of the agent. The agent is trained based on Proximal Policy Optimization algorithm. Moreover, we develop a two-stage training strategy to enhance the training efficiency. In the numerical experiments, we first train the agent on a given instance and then employ it to solve instances with much larger scales. The experimental results demonstrate the strong generalization capability of the trained agent and the comparison with three dispatching rules and two metaheuristics further validates the superiority of this agent.
Calcium–Magnesium oxide by the ball-milling method using eggshell as calcium source: its study for photodegradation of methylene blue
Authors: Reyes-Vallejo Odín , Sánchez-Albores Rocío , Maldonado-Álvarez A. , Ashok A. , Duran-Alvarez J. C. , Subramaniam Velumani 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, the synthesis of Calcium–Magnesium oxide through the ball milling method using eggshell as a CaO source, developing an ecological process synthesis, is presented. After ball milling, an annealing process was carried out in order to increase the crystallinity of the material to enhance its optoelectronic properties by varying the temperature from 450 to 900 °C. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Raman and UV–Vis spectroscopy, FE-SEM, photoluminescence, and BET analysis. The ball milling process itself promoted a reduction in particle size, which increased slightly during the annealing process, achieving a more homogeneous size distribution and improving its crystallinity, according to XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The samples were tested for the photodegradation of methylene blue (100 mL of a 10 ppm solution), using LED lamps (200 W). The best photodegradation performance was recorded with the sample annealed at 750 °C, which is explained by the more homogeneous size distribution and the greater surface area, a smaller band gap, and fewer surface defects, which causes greater absorption of light, a better transport of the charge carriers and consequently a better performance in the photodegradation of MB. The complete removal of MB was achieved in 20 min under sunlight stimulation, which can be reducedto 12 min using 400 mg of the catalyst. On the other hand, the trapping experiment showed that superoxide radicals (·O2−) and holes (h+) are the key reactive species in the photodegradation process of MB. The kinetic study showed to follow a pseudo-first-order for all cases. These photodegradation results reported for the first time are better than those reported in other Calcium–Magnesium oxide synthesized by combustion or ultrasound-assisted methods.
The impacts of kitchen and dining spatial design on cooking and eating experience in residential buildings: a scoping review
Authors: Sal Moslehian Anahita , Warner Elyse , Andrews Fiona 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe built environment is a factor widely known to have significant impacts on dietary behaviours and the promotion of healthy food practices. Yet, there is limited understanding of the influential design features of domestic cooking and eating spaces on food practices. This systematic scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the body of knowledge (by identifying and classifying different design features of domestic kitchen and dining area and their impact on the cooking/eating experiences generally and in different age cohorts), as well as explore knowledge gaps to aid the planning of future research. In total, 27 articles met the selection criteria for the analysis, most of which were qualitative, from the USA, the UK, and Australia, and published from 2014 onwards. Influential design features associated with cooking/eating experiences included size and layout, connection to other spaces, fixture and fittings (including spatial ergonomics, materiality, and texture), and indoor environmental qualities (lighting, ventilation, visual access, and window views). Many of these features such as the provision of sufficient dining space were common requirements for a diversity of residents. However, kitchen layout and the significance of certain safety features to food practices differed according to age group. To conclude, it was noted that despite the range of studies reviewed, currently there is insufficient practical knowledge and evidence to inform design decisions. Further research using a multidisciplinary approach is required to explore the detail of kitchen design features and individuals’ food practices to provide recommendations for future design policy.
Analysing the Probability of Detection of Shallow Spherical Defects by Means of Pulsed Thermography
Authors: D.’Accardi E , Palumbo D , Errico V , Fusco A , Angelastro A , Galietti U 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe capability of Active Thermography (AT) techniques in detecting shallow defects has been proved by many works in the last years, both on metals and composites. However, there are few works in which these techniques have been used adopting simulated defects more representative of the real ones. The aim of this work is to investigate the capability of Pulsed Thermography of detecting shallow spherical defects in metal specimens produced with laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process and characterized by a thermal behaviour very far from the flat bottom hole and so near to the real one. In particular, the quantitative characterization of defects has been carried out to obtain the Probability of Detection (PoD) curves. In fact, it is very common in non-destructive controls to define the limits of defect detectability by referring to PoD curves based on the analysis of flat bottom holes with a more generous estimation and therefore not true to real defect conditions. For this purpose, a series of specimens, made by means of Laser-Powder Bed Fusion technology (L-PBF) in AISI 316L, were inspected using Pulsed Thermography (PT), adopting two flash lamps and a cooled infrared sensor. To improve the quality of the raw thermal data, different post-processing algorithms were adopted. The results provide indications about the advantages and limitations of Active Thermography (AT) for the non-destructive offline controls of the structural integrity of metallic components.
A Glance at Novel Materials, from the Textile World to Environmental Remediation
Authors: Tummino Maria Laura , Varesano Alessio , Copani Giacomo , Vineis Claudia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the current state of the art, textile products and materials generate a significant environmental impact since they are not managed under a circular economy paradigm. It is urgent to define new sustainable paths in the textiles industry by setting up materials, technologies, processes, and business models to reuse and recycle textiles production waste and End-of-Life textiles. In this direction, taking advantage of textile-related materials, especially from renewable and waste resources, for depollution purposes appears very promising since it enables re-use, but it also supports secondary applications with a high sustainability impact. This review collects and describes possible adsorption, filtration and purification capabilities of (i) various functionalized textiles, (ii) biopolymers constituting the natural fibers (cellulose, keratin, fibroin) and (iii) textile-derived active carbons and biochar, in order to provide a structured framework for the systemic exploitation of the depollution potential of waste textiles. The correlations among the type of textile materials, the physical-chemical treatments, and the characteristics influencing the performances of such materials as decontaminating tools will be underlined.
Examination of the fire performance of wood materials treated with different precautions
Authors: Lublóy Éva , Mészáros Diána Tímea , Takács Lajos Gábor , Cimer Zsolt , Norbert Horváth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to discover how organic wood preservatives containing different fungicides and insecticides used to protect wood against fungal and insect pests affect the fire performance and combustion properties of wood materials commonly used in the domestic wood and construction industry. The aim of this article was to investigate the charring depth. From the point of view of the loss of load-bearing capacity of the wood, only the charring depth matters, since the reduction of the load-bearing capacity will be determined by the reduction of the cross section of the wood. We examined the effects of wood preservatives applied to undamaged samples of Scots pine and Norway spruce conditioned under normal climate conditions. The test samples underwent a second treatment application after which we examined the effect of different preservative combinations. Seven treatment mixtures were selected from the organic solvent and water-based wood preservatives available on the domestic market. The soaking experiments demonstrated that the preservative impregnation of Norway spruce differs significantly from that of Scots pine, which affected the comparability of the test results. We have experimentally investigated the moisture content, the loss of mass and we have calculated the char depth. Adhering to the MSZ 9607–1:1983 standard, the Linder method was performed to analyze the wood and wooden-based construction products used in construction. The effect of the different treatment materials was more significantly detectable when analyzing the size of the surface burn patterns. The Scots pine specimens suffered much greater surface burn than the Norway spruce specimens did, regardless of the type of preservative used. The higher body density, resin content (1–10%) and higher initial moisture content of Scots pine caused it to bend and, therefore, to burn better.
Phenolic acids and a static magnetic field change the expression of transforming growth factor β isoforms in amelanotic melanoma cells
Authors: Kimsa-Dudek Magdalena , Synowiec-Wojtarowicz Agnieszka , Krawczyk Agata 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Melanoma is an aggressive type of cancer that can metastasize to numerous other organs. TGFβ is one of the key signaling pathways in melanoma progression. Previous studies on various types of cancer have shown that both: polyphenols and a static magnetic field (SMF) can be potential chemopreventive/therapeutic agents. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a SMF and selected polyphenols on the transcriptional activity of TGFβ genes in melanoma cells.

Methods and results
Experiments were performed on the C32 cell line treated with caffeic or chlorogenic acids, and with simultaneous exposure to a moderate-strength SMF. The RT-qPCR method was used to determine the mRNA level of genes encoding the TGFβ isoforms and their receptors. The concentration of the TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 proteins were also measured in the cell culture supernates. The first response of C32 melanoma cells to both factors is the reduction of TGFβ levels. Then, mRNA level of these molecules returned to values close to pre-treatment level by the end of experiment.

Conclusion
Our study results demonstrate the potential of polyphenols and a moderate-strength SMF to support cancer therapy by altering TGFβ expression, which is a very promising topic for the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.
A new multimedia cryptosystem using chaos, quaternion theory and modular arithmetic
Authors: Luis Mendez , Daniel Ladino , Isabel Amaya , Deicy Alvarado 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBased on the combination of quaternion numbers, residual matrices, and chaotic attractors, a new cryptosystem is proposed for multimedia processing files such as images and audio. The key employed in this encryption schema consists of an image with a wide and sensitive range, obtained from the Julia Quaternion set rendered using a computational tool. Due to the use of quaternion matrices mixing the information between RGB layers and audio samples was possible, whereas using XOR operation and residual matrices modulus 257, added high sensitivity to small perturbations during encryption, key preparation and decryption processes, to such an extent that a minimal change in the image or in the audio leads to a totally different encryption result. The use of dynamic programming also reduced the processing time for matrix operations on the $\mathbb {Z}_{257}$

ℤ

257

ring. To corroborate security of the algorithm, different tests were performed, including the National Institute of Standards and Technology test obtaining different indicators that were compared with other scientific references of similar works, finding behavioral patterns in accordance with those referenced works.
Mortality trends in primary malignant brain and central nervous system tumors vary by histopathology, age, race, and sex
Authors: Thierheimer Marisa , Cioffi Gino , Waite Kristin A. , Kruchko Carol , Ostrom Quinn T. , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Primary malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors are rare cancers that have shown rising mortality rates in recent years. To elucidate potential factors involved in this rising death rate, we examined mortality trends for primary malignant BT in the United States stratified by histopathology groupings, age, race, and sex.

Methods
Mortality rates for demographic factors within primary malignant BT were generated using the National Center for Health Statistics' National Vital Statistics Systems data from 2004 to 2018. Additionally, histopathology-specific incidence-based mortality rates were calculated using the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) 18 data from 2004 to 2018. Joinpoint modeling was used to estimate mortality trends and annual percent changes with corresponding 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Overall, there was a very small increase in mortality from 2004 to 2018. Individuals > 65 years saw a small increase in mortality, while changes in individuals of other ages were non-significant. Asian/Pacific Islander or American Indian/Alaskan Native had the largest increase in mortality. Among histopathology groupings, there was a small mortality increase in adults ages > 65 years with glioblastoma, while the mortality rate of other malignant gliomas declined in the same age group. CNS lymphoma mortality rates in patients ages 15–39 and 40–64 years declined significantly while rising significantly in the > 65 age group. In pediatric patients, embryonal tumor mortality had a non-significant increase between 2004 and 2007 but declined significantly between 2007 and 2018.

Conclusion
Examining age, race, sex, and histopathology-specific mortality trends at the population level can provide important information for clinicians, researchers, and aid in public health planning.
Evaluation of the Explanatory Power Of Layer-wise Relevance Propagation using Adversarial Examples
Authors: Dieter Tamara R. , Zisgen Horst 
Published: March 2023

AbstractApproaches for visualizing and explaining the decision process of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently received increasing attention. Particularly popular approaches are so-called saliency methods, which aim to assign a valence to each input pixel based on its importance and influence on the classification via saliency maps. In our paper, we contribute by a novel analyzing approach build on adversarial examples to investigate the explanatory power of saliency methods exemplified by layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP). Based on the hypothesis that distinct decisions, such as an image’s classification and the classification of its corresponding adversarial examples, should yield to dissimilar saliency maps to provide transparent rationales, we break down relevance scores of images and corresponding adversarial examples and analyze them using a comprehensive statistical evaluation. It turns out that different relevance decomposition rules of LRP do not lead to clearly distinguishable saliency maps for images and corresponding adversarial examples, neither in terms of their contour lines, nor in terms of the statistical analysis.
Analysis and characterisation of extreme wind gust hazards in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: El Rafei Moutassem , Sherwood Steven , Evans Jason , Dowdy Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtreme wind gusts cause major socioeconomic damage, and the rarity and localised nature of those events make their analysis challenging by either modelling or empirical approaches. A 23-year long data record from 29 automatic weather stations located in New South Wales (eastern Australia) is used to study the distribution, frequency and average recurrence intervals (ARIs) of extreme gusts via a peaks-over-threshold approach. We distinguish between gust events generated by synoptic phenomena (e.g. cyclones and frontal systems), hereafter called “synoptic events”, and convective phenomena (i.e. thunderstorms), hereafter called “convective events”, using the wind time series. For synoptic events the frequency of gusts$$>25$$>25m/s decreases systematically inland from the coast, in contrast to convective gusts which are more uniformly distributed geographically and occur more often than synoptic gusts at nearly all inland locations. At inland locations the most extreme wind gusts are likewise dominated by convective events, whereas at coastal stations both gust types have similar intensities at low ARIs but convective events again dominate at the highest ARIs. Extreme gust directions were found to be predominantly westerly at inland locations and southerly at coastal ones, with more variable direction for convective than synoptic events. This study confirms the dominant role of thunderstorms in producing the most extreme gusts in the region, and shows that wind risk varies strongly with distance from the coast.
Refractory corticotroph adenomas
Authors: Sumal Amit K. S. , Zhang Dongyun , Heaney Anthony P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe majority of corticotroph adenomas are benign but some are locally invasive, demonstrate high rates of recurrence, and exhibit a relatively poor response to often repeated surgical, medical, and radiation treatment. Herein, we summarize the currently known somatic and genetic mutations and other molecular factors that influence the pathogenesis of these tumors and discuss currently available therapies. Although recent molecular studies have advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis and behavior of these refractory corticotroph adenomas, these insights do not reliably guide treatment choices at present. Development of additional diagnostic tools and novel tumor-directed therapies that offer efficacious treatment choices for patients with refractory corticotroph adenomas are needed.
The effects of greater frequency of two most prevalent bothersome acute respiratory symptoms on health-related quality of life in the 2020 US general population
Authors: Ware John E. , Coutinho Graça , Smith Adam B. , Tselenti Evi , Kulasekaran Anuradha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and related symptoms are widespread and a common reason for visiting primary care with cough and sore throat being most prevalent. Despite their impact on daily activities, no studies have explored the impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in representative general populations. We aimed to understand the short-term impact of the two most prevalent URTI symptoms on HRQOL.

Methods
Online 2020 surveys including acute (≤ 4 weeks) respiratory symptoms (sore throat and cough) and SF-36® health survey (all with 4-week recall) were analysed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in comparison with adult US population norms. Linear T-score transformation of SF-6D utility (ranging from 0 to 1) enabled direct comparisons with SF-36.

Results
In total, 7563 US adults responded (average age: 52 years; range: 18–100 years). Sore throat and cough lasting at least several days were experienced by 14% and 22% participants, respectively. Chronic respiratory conditions were reported by 22% of the sample. A clear and consistent pattern of group HRQOL means declining significantly (p < 0.001) for acute cough and sore throat symptom presence and severity. Declines were observed on SF-36 physical (PCS) and mental component (MCS) and health utility (SF-6D) scores controlling for covariates. Those reporting respiratory symptoms ‘most days’ declined ≥ 0.5 standard deviation (minimal important difference [MID]) worse with averages at the 19th and 34th centiles for cough on the PCS and MCS, and 21st to 26th centile for sore throat.

Conclusion
Declines in HRQOL with acute cough and sore throat symptoms consistently exceeded MID standards and should not be ignored as self-limiting without intervention. Future studies on early self-care for symptom relief and its implications on HRQOL and health economics would be valuable to understand the benefits on healthcare burden and need for updating treatment guidelines.
Psychometric validation of the celiac disease-specific quality of life survey (CD-QOL) in adults with celiac disease in the United States
Authors: Dochat Cara , Afari Niloofar , Arigo Danielle 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Celiac disease and its treatment negatively impact quality of life, indicating potential need for measurement of disease-specific quality of life domains to inform interdisciplinary intervention. The Celiac Disease Quality of Life Survey (CD-QOL) has been used in clinical research; however, its factor structure has not been confirmed and psychometric properties have not been evaluated in English-speaking adults in the U.S. Aims: (1) Confirm the factor structure of the 20-item English CD-QOL; (2) assess psychometric properties including internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, known groups validity, and incremental validity.

Methods
453 adults with self-reported Celiac disease (Mage = 40.57; 88% female; 92% White) completed the CD-QOL and validated measures of generic health-related quality of life (SF-36), gluten-free diet adherence (CDAT), anxiety and depression symptoms (PROMIS), and physical symptoms (CSI) as part of the iCureCeliac® patient-powered research network.

Results
Confirmatory factor analysis found superior fit for a bifactor structure with one general factor and four group factors. Ancillary bifactor analyses suggest the CD-QOL can be considered primarily unidimensional. Total and three subscale scores demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability. Convergent and known groups validity were supported. The CD-QOL demonstrated some incremental validity over the SF-36.

Conclusion
The English CD-QOL can be used as a measure of disease-specific quality of life among adults with Celiac disease in the U.S. Compared to generic instruments, the CD-QOL appears to better capture specific cognitive and affective aspects of living with Celiac disease. Use of a total score is recommended. Its utility as a screening and outcome measurement tool in clinical settings should be examined.