bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic behavior of the seepage-stress coupling mechanical model of coal pillars of underground reservoirs
Authors: Wang Peitao , Qi Zhenwu , Ma Chi , Cai Meifeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoal pillar dams are an important component of the water storage bodies of underground reservoirs. Influenced by the overlying rock pressure and water seepage, the stability of the coal pillar dam is one of the key factors affecting the stability of underground reservoirs. In this paper, an anisotropic seepage mechanical model of a coal pillar dam under plane strain was established to study the seepage stress coupling mechanism of underground reservoir No. 4 in the Daliuta Coal Mine using the COMSOL Multiphysics code. The stress field and seepage field of the coal pillar dam body were analyzed, and the influence of the principal direction of the mechanical properties of the coal pillar on the stress field, seepage field, and damaged areas of the coal pillar and goaf were discussed. According to the results, the anisotropy of the coal pillar dam body is one of the most significant factors when the principal direction of mechanical properties is θ = 45° or θ = 135°. The coal pillar damage area reaches a maximum value accounting for nearly 50%. The shear stress of the coal pillar reaches 4.69 MPa, which attains the maximum value when the principal direction angle is 90°. With increasing depth, the damaged area of the coal pillar gradually expands in the scenario of θ = 0°. When the depth increases to 160 m, the coal pillar undergoes penetration failure. In conclusion, the principal direction is the main factor affecting the stress field, seepage field displacement field, and energy evolution of the model. The anisotropy model of the equivalent continuum can account for the influence of the coal pillar structure surface, which could provide an analytical model for the stability of rock engineering.
Computed tomography-based body composition is associated with adverse clinical outcomes among older patients with sepsis in the emergency department
Authors: Li Qiujing , Shang Na , Gao Qian , Yang Li , Guo Shubin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the association between body composition and adverse clinical outcomes in older patients with sepsis in the emergency department.

Methods
Body composition, including the skeletal muscle area, skeletal muscle index (SMI), mean skeletal muscle density (SMD), and intramuscular fat area, was measured at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) on abdominal computed tomography scans. Clinical outcomes included 90-day mortality, 90-day readmission, and discharge to long-term care. According to sex-specific cut-off values of L3 SMI and SMD, patients were divided into low SMI, low SMD, both low SMI and low SMD, and neither low SMI nor low SMD groups.

Results
In total, 443 patients were included, 162 (36.6%) of whom died. Lower SMI and SMD, as continuous variables, were independent risk factors for 90-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.947 and 0.963, respectively, both p < 0.001). Cut-off values of L3 SMI and L3 SMD were 32.24 cm2/m2 and 30.01 HU for men and 28.28 cm2/m2 and 28.20 HU for women, respectively. The both low SMI and low SMD group had an increased risk of 90-day mortality (adjusted HR=3.059, p < 0.001), 90-day readmission (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=2.859, p = 0.006), and discharge to long-term care (adjusted OR = 2.814, p = 0.007).

Conclusions
Lower muscle mass and muscle quality, as measured by skeletal muscle index and density, were independent risk factors for mortality among older patients with sepsis in the emergency department. Furthermore, patients with both low muscle mass and quality had an increased risk of mortality, readmission, and discharge to long-term care.
On Logical Inference over Brains, Behaviour, and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Guest Olivia , Martin Andrea E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the cognitive, computational, and neuro-sciences, practitioners often reason about what computational models represent or learn, as well as what algorithm is instantiated. The putative goal of such reasoning is to generalize claims about the model in question, to claims about the mind and brain, and the neurocognitive capacities of those systems. Such inference is often based on a model’s performance on a task, and whether that performance approximates human behavior or brain activity. Here we demonstrate how such argumentation problematizes the relationship between models and their targets; we place emphasis on artificial neural networks (ANNs), though any theory-brain relationship that falls into the same schema of reasoning is at risk. In this paper, we model inferences from ANNs to brains and back within a formal framework — metatheoretical calculus — in order to initiate a dialogue on both how models are broadly understood and used, and on how to best formally characterize them and their functions. To these ends, we express claims from the published record about models’ successes and failures in first-order logic. Our proposed formalization describes the decision-making processes enacted by scientists to adjudicate over theories. We demonstrate that formalizing the argumentation in the literature can uncover potential deep issues about how theory is related to phenomena. We discuss what this means broadly for research in cognitive science, neuroscience, and psychology; what it means for models when they lose the ability to mediate between theory and data in a meaningful way; and what this means for the metatheoretical calculus our fields deploy when performing high-level scientific inference.
The factors driving land cover transitions and land degradation and the potential impacts of the proposed developments in the Isiolo dam watershed, LAPSSET corridor, Kenya
Authors: Sang Catherine C. , Olago Daniel O. , Ongeri Zedekia J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIsiolo dam is planned to be constructed along the Ewaso Nyiro River to provide water to the planned Isiolo resort city, one of the Lamu Port and Southern Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) corridor projects. This paper evaluates the factors driving land cover transitions and their effects, as a consequence of the proposed infrastructure developments with a view to providing evidence-based information for formulating policies and approaches for sustainable land management and development. Landsat images were used to assess Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change, while land degradation was evaluated based on the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification guidelines (2000–2020). Spatial overlays of land degradation, LULC change, population, and land tenure were performed to establish their interrelations. The results revealed that water, bareland, built-up, and forest increased by 2043%, 83%, 35%, and 17%, respectively, while shrubland and cropland decreased by 26% and 6%, respectively. Further, 61% of the watershed remained stable, 31% experienced degradation and 8% improved. The main drivers of LULC transitions, and land degradation are population pressure, land tenure, climate change and economic growth. With the development of the LAPSSET projects, it is projected that built-up areas, cropland, and bareland will increase mainly due to population increase, while the forest and shrubland will reduce mainly as a consequence of an increase in built-up areas and potentially poor land management. To achieve sustainable development with net zero loss of natural resources, proper planning for economic investments as well as inclusive land-use planning should be enhanced in drylands such as the Isiolo watershed and similar landscapes.
Deep cryogenic treatment of AA7050: tensile response and corrosion susceptibility
Authors: Gerosa R. , Panzeri D. , Rivolta B. , Casaroli A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCryogenic treatments represent an innovative technology developed with the aim of improving the performance of metallic alloys. The beneficial effects on steels are well documented in the literature, whereas their influence on other materials, such as aluminum alloys, is still not completely clarified. Even if the scientific literature reports conflicting data and conclusions, the industrial applications of such treatments are constantly growing. In the present experimental work, the mechanical and corrosion properties of a high-performance 7050 aluminum alloy plate were studied after cryogenic treatment at − 196 °C in liquid nitrogen. Tensile tests were performed on heat-treated samples, and intergranular corrosion tests were carried out on prismatic samples, according to ASTM G110-92 standard. The specimens were exposed to the corrosive environment and the effect of intergranular corrosion was measured by quantitative analysis using light-optical microscopy (LOM). Whereas trifling variation was observed in the mechanical resistance and plastic behavior, the corrosion tests showed a benefic effect of the cryogenic treatment. The microstructure was investigated by FEG-SEM analysis, revealing a different distribution of precipitates near the grain boundaries, which was able to reduce the electrochemical potential difference among these regions and the center-grain.
Automated occupation coding with hierarchical features: a data-centric approach to classification with pre-trained language models
Authors: Safikhani Parisa , Avetisyan Hayastan , Föste-Eggers Dennis , Broneske David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOccupation coding is the classification of information on occupation that is collected in the context of demographic variables. Occupation coding is an important, but a tedious task for researchers in social science and official statistics that calls for automation. Due to the complexity of the task, currently, researchers carry out hand-coding or computer-assisted coding. However, we argue that, with the rise of transformer-based language models, hand-coding can be displaced by models, such as BERT or GPT3. Hence, we compare these models with state-of-the-art encoding approaches, showing that language models have a clear advantage in Cohen’s kappa compared to related approaches, but also allow for flexible fine-grained coding of single digits. Taking into consideration the hierarchical structure of the occupational group, we also develop an approach that achieves better performance for the classification of different single digit combinations.
Impact of community strategy package on uptake of reproductive tract infections health services among young street females in the municipality of Eldoret, Kenya
Authors: Maritim C Violet , Wanyoro Anthony , Maingi John , Nyamari Jackim , Ng'ang'a Murima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the intervention of free medical care services for street children by a dedicated clinic in Eldoret municipality, health care service of young street females (YSFs) is still deficient. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the community strategy package on the uptake of reproductive tract infections (RTI) health services among the target population.Materials and methodsA pre-test-post-test quasi-experimental with a qualitative and quantitative approach was applied among the YSFs aged 10–24 years. The study used structured questionnaires and key informant interviews to collect data from the respondents.ResultsThe study enrolled a total of 77 young street females in Eldoret municipality. A significantly higher proportion of respondents reportedly first sought treatment for RTI at a health facility after the implementation of the community strategy package (97.1%) when compared to the proportion of respondents who first sought treatment at a health facility in the pre-intervention phase (51.0%)(p<0.001). Early seeking of treatment improved significantly after the introduction of the intervention; 72.0% and 94.1% of the respondents sought treatment early during the pre-intervention and post-intervention phase, respectively (p ​= ​0.011).ConclusionThe study recommends the adoption of the community strategy as an intervention to increase the uptake of RTIs health services and promotion of the reproductive health of young street females.
Collective Power Europe? (TheGovernment and Opposition/Leonard Schapiro Lecture 2022)
Authors: Laffan Brigid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSince the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, the EU has been tested and contested as it struggled to come to terms with a series of crises, sometimes labelled a polycrisis. In response to crises, the EU has emerged as a collective power and the concept ‘Collective Power Europe’ (CPE) offers a promising lens with which to analyse the 21st-century European Union and the nature of the polity that is emerging. The aim of this article is to unpack the concept of CPE and to analyse its core features – collective leadership and framing, institutional coordination and the evolving policy toolkit – in response to three crises: Brexit, the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine.
The Spread of Ocean Heat Uptake Efficiency Traced to Ocean Salinity
Authors: Liu Maofeng , Soden Brian J. , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Wang Chenggong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOcean heat uptake (OHU) plays an important role in determining the rate of surface warming under CO2 forcing. We examined the transient response to CO2 forcing in a set of 30 climate models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and found that the intermodel spread in OHU efficiency largely depends on the base‐state ocean stratification, especially in the Southern Ocean. This dependence is primarily traced to ocean salinity rather than ocean temperature. Models with weaker ocean stratification primarily due to higher upper‐ocean salinity tend to sequester heat into the deeper ocean, leading to a lower rate of surface warming, a primary reason for higher OHU efficiency; the stratification impact on total OHU is secondary. We applied the relationship between salinity and OHU efficiency for an emergent constraint on OHU efficiency, suggesting an OHU efficiency higher than the CMIP6 multimodel average and arguing against models with extremely low efficiency.
Imprint of Mesospheric Quasi 2‐Day Wave in the Ground Geomagnetic Field Variations at Low Latitudes
Authors: Jadhav Ashish , Gurubaran S. , Ghodpage R. , Patil P. T. , Batista Paulo P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe strong quasi 2‐day wave (Q2DW) event that occurred during January 2015 was studied by employing medium frequency and meteor radar observations of winds from three different locations at low latitudes with considerable longitudinal separation. The large‐amplitude wave activity that occurred in mid‐January is the focus of this study. Using the advantage offered by the longitudinal separation among the stations, the zonal structure of the Q2DW has been examined. The presence of a dominant westward propagating zonal wavenumber 3 (W3) mode was revealed in the analysis. The availability of geomagnetic field data from a number of stations at low latitudes enabled us to observe the wave event at ionospheric dynamo region heights. The phase‐longitude cross‐section of the quasi 2‐day oscillation in the Y component of the geomagnetic field reiterates the presence of the dominant W3 mode observed at lower altitudes. Similar zonal characteristics and periods of the wave signatures found at mesospheric altitudes and in the manifestation of quiet‐time ionospheric currents in geomagnetic field are in conformity with the notion of the wave coupling of the atmosphere‐ionosphere system.
Dissolved Organic Matter Sources in High Arsenic Groundwater From a Sand‐Gravel Confined Aquifer
Authors: Gao Zhipeng , Guo Huaming , Qiao Wen , He Chen , Shi Quan , Ke Tiantian , Cao Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) triggering arsenic enrichment in deep confined groundwater is a highly debated issue. Along these lines, the spectroscopic and molecular characteristics of DOM were monitored in both shallow unconfined and deep confined groundwater from the Songnen Basin, China. Results demonstrated that deep groundwater with higher dissolved arsenic concentrations was characterized by more abundant labile organic compounds than shallow groundwater. The three‐end‐member mixing model estimated that shallow groundwater had more fraction of surface water, while deep groundwater was primarily recharged by lateral groundwater flow. Groundwater DOM sources were estimated from the fluorescence index (FI) values, which suggests that shallow groundwater DOM was primarily sourced from surface water with stronger terrestrial signatures. However, deep groundwater DOM was mainly sourced from in situ sedimentary organic matter release or by‐products from microbial activity with stronger microbial signatures. Higher values of degradation index (I_deg) indicate that deep groundwater DOM had undergone greater degradation extents than the shallow one. The microbial DOM degradation in anoxic environments mainly occurred via a pathway where more saturated and low‐molecular‐mass compounds were preferentially degraded to produce more mid‐molecular‐mass compounds with unsaturated, aromatic, and microbial signatures. This explained the significant positive correlations between groundwater arsenic concentrations and FI and I_deg values. A stronger DOM degradation state in deep groundwater was conducive to more arsenic enrichment than that in the shallow one. This work successfully identified distinct sources of shallow and deep groundwater DOM, and proposed a paradigm of DOM processing pathways during arsenic enrichment under anoxic environments.
Understanding Strong Neutral Vertical Winds and Ionospheric Responses to the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm Using TIEGCM Driven by Data‐Assimilated Aurora and Electric Fields
Authors: Lu Xian , Wu Haonan , Kaeppler Stephen , Meriwether John , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Wang Wenbin , Li Jintai , Shi Xueling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs one of the strongest geomagnetic storms in Solar Cycle 24, the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm has attracted significant attention. We revisit this event by taking advantage of simultaneous observations of high‐latitude forcings (aurora and electric fields) and ionosphere‐thermosphere (I‐T) responses. The forcing terms are assimilated to drive the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) using a newly adopted Lattice Kriging method (Wu & Lu, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002880; Wu et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003146). Compared to the default run, the TIEGCM simulation with assimilation captures: (a) secondary E‐region electron density peak due to aurora intensification; (b) strongly elevated ion temperatures (up to ∼3000 K) accompanied by a strong northward electric field (∼80 mV/m) and associated ion frictional heating; (c) elevation of electron temperatures; and (d) substantially enhanced neutral vertical winds (order of 50 m/s). Root‐mean‐square errors decrease by 30%–50%. The strong neutral upwelling is caused by large Joule heating down to ∼120 km resulting from enhanced aurora and electric field. Data assimilation increases the height‐integrated Joule heating at Poker Flat to a level of 50–100 mW/m2 while globally, its maximum value is comparable with the default run: the location of energy deposition becomes guided by data. Traveling atmospheric disturbances in the assimilation run show stronger magnitudes and larger extension leading to an increase of vertical wind variability by a factor of ∼1.5–3. Our work demonstrates that data assimilation of model drivers helps produce realistic storm‐time I‐T responses, which show richer dynamic range, scales, and variability than what has been simulated before.
Effect of adhesive strategy of universal adhesives in noncarious cervical lesions – an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Doshi Krisha , Nivedhitha M. S. , Solete Pradeep , S Delphine Pricilla Antony , Balasubramaniam Arthi , Jacob Benoy , Siddique Riluwan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of adhesive strategy (total etch or self-etch) of universal adhesives in non-carious cervical lesions.Data sourceA search was made in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web Of Science, Open Gray, Clinical Registries.Data selectionRandomized Controlled Clinical Trials, studies on non-carious cervical lesions restored using Universal Adhesives, and studies in which universal adhesives have been used in total etch and self -etch strategies were included in this systematic review.Data extractionA total of 17 articles were included in the systematic review and 13 in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the clinical performance of NCCLs in terms of retention, marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, secondary caries and post-operative sensitivity at 18, 24, 36 month follow-up using USPHS as well as FDI criteria, separately.Data synthesisOverall there was no significant difference between total etch and self etch adhesive strategies for any of the five outcome measures using either the FDI or the USPHS criteria. p > 0.05, 95% CI, I2value of 0%. A strongly suspected publication bias in the retention domain was seen at 18 month follow up under FDI criteria.ConclusionMost universal adhesives show acceptable clinical performance. There is no significant effect of the adhesive strategy of universal adhesives on their clinical performance according to the results of our meta-analysis.
Essential protein P116 extracts cholesterol and other indispensable lipids for Mycoplasmas
Authors: Sprankel Lasse , Vizarraga David , Martín Jesús , Manger Sina , Meier-Credo Jakob , Marcos Marina , Julve Josep , Rotllan Noemi , Scheffer Margot P. , Escolà-Gil Joan Carles , Langer Julian D. , Piñol Jaume , Fita Ignacio , Frangakis Achilleas S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMycoplasma pneumoniae, responsible for approximately 30% of community-acquired human pneumonia, needs to extract lipids from the host environment for survival and proliferation. Here, we report a comprehensive structural and functional analysis of the previously uncharacterized protein P116 (MPN_213). Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy of P116 reveals a homodimer presenting a previously unseen fold, forming a huge hydrophobic cavity, which is fully accessible to solvent. Lipidomics analysis shows that P116 specifically extracts lipids such as phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and cholesterol. Structures of different conformational states reveal the mechanism by which lipids are extracted. This finding immediately suggests a way to control Mycoplasma infection by interfering with lipid uptake.