bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminal Passivation–Induced Interface Decoupling for High‐Stability Two‐Dimensional Semiconductors
Authors: He Jinbo , Yan Jinjian , Xue Tao , Yuan Liqian , Hu Yongxu , Wang Zhongwu , Chen Xiaosong , Huang Yinan , Han Cheng , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials, such as MoS2, show exceptional potential for next‐generation electronics. However, the poor stability of these materials, particularly under long‐term operations and high temperature, impedes their practical applications. Here, we develop a terminal passivation interface decoupling (TPID) strategy to significantly improve the stability of MoS2, by mitigating the interaction between the substrate and the 2D material within the in‐situ growth process. Specifically, the strong electron‐withdrawing terminal group hydroxyl, prevalent on the oxide substrate, is passivated by carbon groups. Due to this, the structure of MoS2 materials remains stable during long‐term storage, and its electronic devices, field‐effect transistors (FETs), show remarkable operational and high‐temperature (400°C) stability over 60 days, with much‐improved performance. For example, mobility increases from 9.69 to 85 cm2/(V·s), the highest value for bottom‐up transfer‐free single crystal MoS2 FETs. This work provides a new avenue to solve reliability issues of 2D materials and devices, laying a foundation for their applications in the electronic industry.
Trust at Your Own Peril: A Mixed Methods Exploration of the Ability of Large Language Models to Generate Expert‐Like Systems Engineering Artifacts and a Characterization of Failure Modes
Authors: Topcu Taylan G. , Husain Mohammed , Ofsa Max , Wach Paul 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMulti‐purpose large language models (LLMs), a subset of generative artificial intelligence (AI), have recently made significant progress. While expectations for LLMs to assist systems engineering (SE) tasks are paramount; the interdisciplinary and complex nature of systems, along with the need to synthesize deep‐domain knowledge and operational context, raise questions regarding the efficacy of LLMs to generate SE artifacts, particularly given that they are trained using data that is broadly available on the internet. To that end, we present results from an empirical exploration, where a human expert‐generated SE artifact was taken as a benchmark, parsed, and fed into various LLMs through prompt engineering to generate segments of typical SE artifacts. This procedure was applied without any fine‐tuning or calibration to document baseline LLM performance. We then adopted a two‐fold mixed‐methods approach to compare AI generated artifacts against the benchmark. First, we quantitatively compare the artifacts using natural language processing algorithms and find that when prompted carefully, the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms cannot differentiate AI‐generated artifacts from the human‐expert benchmark. Second, we conduct a qualitative deep dive to investigate how they differ in terms of quality. We document that while the two‐material appear very similar, AI generated artifacts exhibit serious failure modes that could be difficult to detect. We characterize these as: premature requirements definition, unsubstantiated numerical estimates, and propensity to overspecify. We contend that this study tells a cautionary tale about why the SE community must be more cautious adopting AI suggested feedback, at least when generated by multi‐purpose LLMs.
Making Space in Support of Youths' Rightful Presence in Informal STEM Learning
Authors: Kim Won Jung , Calabrese Barton Angela , Archer Louise 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInformal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning (ISL) can remain inequitable when discourse and practices in ISL spaces position youth as temporary guests by implicitly or explicitly sidelining youths' experiences, community wisdom, cultures, and histories. The framework of rightful presence problematizes guest–host relationalities that delimit youths' rights in learning spaces. It calls for educators' disruptive and transformative practices in support of youths reauthoring rights toward co‐creating equitable learning opportunities. This study explored how such practices emerge from educators' routine ISL instructions. Using comparative constant analysis of data generated from a larger research–practice partnership project in regional ISL settings, we identified three practices that differed in how educators supported rightful presence through engaging youths in ISL design: (1) educator‐designed space making; (2) taking‐up youths' disruption and reorganizing ISL opportunities; (3) co‐creating new ISL opportunities. Practice 1 primarily focused on fostering disciplinary and social engagement, often prompting educators to further enact Practice 2 or 3. Practice 2 or 3 made space not only for youths' equitable access to educator‐designed ISL but also for reconfiguring power relationalities with youths for reauthoring ISL opportunities. Our findings suggest that support for rightful presence can begin from ordinary educator‐designed ISL practices but should also seek to disrupt the ordinariness with youths. We discuss findings, including how Practices 2 and 3 can be more purposefully enacted in the ISL curricular and structural planning phase, moving beyond their emergence as a follow‐up on Practice 1. Implications are considered regarding the role of STEM education research and practice in support of youths' presence as rightful participants, re‐organizers, and constructors of their ISL opportunities and futures.
Modulatory Effects of Ophiocordyceps sinensis Mycelia on Hepatosteatosis Development in a High‐Fat Dietary Habit
Authors: Lin Yi‐Ling , Sutopo Christoper Caesar Yudho , Kao Yi‐Feng , Tseng Jung‐Kai , Chen Yi‐Chen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe global rise in obesity is closely associated with the increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndromes, posing significant health challenges. This study explored the ameliorative effects of Ophiocordyceps sinensis mycelia (TCM‐NA01 formula: 1.4 mg adenosine and 55.2 mg polysaccharide/capsule) on hepatosteatosis development in a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice. TCM‐NA01 supplementation significantly reduced (p < 0.05) body weight, adipose tissue, serum triglyceride (TG)/cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver TG/TC levels in HFD‐fed mice. Increased (p < 0.05) fecal‐lipid and bile‐acid outputs were observed. Apparent reductions in lipid‐droplet and steatosis scores (p < 0.05) in the HFD‐fed mice supplemented with TCM‐NA01. Furthermore, TCM‐NA01 modulated lipid metabolism by decreasing fatty acid synthesis and promoting fatty acid β‐oxidation. TCM‐NA01 also enhanced liver antioxidant capacity and decreased proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the potential of O. sinensis mycelia as a nutraceutical agent for alleviating hepatosteatosis, liver oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation, offering a promising strategy for the management of obesity and NAFLD.
An Overview of Conservation Methods for Human Skeletal Remains Recovered in an Aquatic Context and Their Forensic Application
Authors: Ktori Maria 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThere is limited scientific literature describing forensic recovery operations in a maritime context, both underwater and coastal as it is not always possible to authorize the publication of such materials which is sensitive both to the victims and their surviving families. Recent scholarly work recognizes that materials recovered from marine settings require conservation processes and consolidation treatments, which can interfere with pathological, traumatic, and taphonomic evidence associated with human remains. I performed a systematic review of conservation and consolidation methods concerning organic material, specifically focusing on skeletal remains recovered in an aquatic environment. These were complemented by 50+ cases of human skeletal remains recovered in a waterlogged or foreshore environment and include both forensic and historic remains. Following that, I produced nuanced tabular data concerning the recovery context (historic vs. forensic remains), environment (submerged vs. foreshore), water conditions (saltwater vs. freshwater), consolidation and conservation methods used, and relevant references. The collected information demonstrated the preference to use less invasive methods. This allowed me to discuss possible solutions concerning the on‐site treatment of the remains, transportation medium and conditions, conservation, consolidation, and restoration methods which will not compromise the remains prior forensic analyses, and post‐forensic analyses storage conditions. This study has not been attempted before and aims to create a bridge from forensics into conservation of maritime finds which currently does not exist. Moreover, it will provide forensic practitioners with a basis to explore the featured cases, conservation methods and materials used, and push scientific boundaries further.
The no boundary density matrix
Authors: Ivo Victor , Li Yue-Zhou , Maldacena Juan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

We discuss a no-boundary proposal for a subregion of the universe. In the classical approximation, this density matrix involves finding a specific classical solution of the equations of motion with no boundary. Beyond the usual no boundary condition at early times, we also have another no boundary condition in the region we trace out. We can find the prescription by starting from the usual Hartle-Hawking proposal for the wavefunction on a full slice and tracing out the unobserved region in the classical approximation. We discuss some specific subregions and compute the corresponding solutions. These geometries lead to phenomenologically unacceptable probabilities, as expected.
We also discuss how the usual Coleman de Luccia bubble solutions can be interpreted as a possible no boundary contribution to the density matrix of the universe. These geometries lead to local (but not global) maxima of the probability that are phenomenologically acceptable.
Maschinelles Lernen zur Identifikation pathologischer Myokardregionen: ein innovativer Ansatz für die digitale Pathologie
Authors: Corvest E. , Mayer R. S. , Kocuk C. , Wilmes V. , Gretser S. , Gradhand E. , Wild P. J. , Verhoff M. A. , Flinner N. , Kauferstein S. 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund/Fragestellung
Digitalisierung und künstliche Intelligenz (KI) werden zunehmend in der Auswertung histologischer Schnitte getestet und eingesetzt. Während die Anwendung im Bereich der Tumorpathologie bereits weit fortgeschritten ist, sind Erfahrungen mit der digitalen Auswertung histologischer Schnitte des Myokards limitiert. Wir stellen ein Projekt zur KI-gestützten Analyse histologischer Proben bei Myokardischämie vor.

Material und Methoden
Wir haben 106 HE-gefärbte Myokardschnitte von 50 Verstorbenen digitalisiert und annotiert. Zur KI-gestützten Klassifizierung der digitalisierten Myokardschnitte wurde ein Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), basierend auf einer ResNet-18-Architektur, trainiert. Die Daten wurden objektträgerweise stratifiziert in einen Trainings‑, Validierungs- und Testdatensatz unterteilt und durch den Deep-Learning-Algorithmus zur Bildmustererkennung des CNN analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Der entwickelte Algorithmus konnte in den Testdurchläufen gesundes Myokard von pathologischen Veränderungen in den meisten Fällen zuverlässig unterscheiden. Gesundes Myokardgewebe wurde mit einer Präzision von 81 %, infarziertes Gewebe mit 78 % und Fibrose mit 85 % erkannt.

Diskussion
Die in diesem Projekt gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden zur Weiterentwicklung der KI-gestützten Analyse von Myokardschnitten eingesetzt. Mit Ausweitung der Stichprobe hinsichtlich der Fallzahlen sowie der vorliegenden Pathologien können sich zukünftig Anwendungen bei histologischen Untersuchungen des plötzlichen Herztodes ergeben, insbesondere auch in Fällen von zugrunde liegenden seltenen Erkrankungen (hereditäre Kardiomyopathien u. v. m.), für die bis dato mit konventioneller histologischer Auswertung nur begrenzt mikromorphologische Korrelate identifiziert wurden.

Graphic abstract
Interplay of anthropogenic and natural drivers of observed coupled sea surface temperature - Arctic sea ice variability
Authors: Vaideanu Petru , Dima Mihai , Nichita Denis-Raducu , Stepanek Christian , Gierz Paul , Rimbu Norel , Ionita Monica , Lohmann Gerrit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Arctic sea ice plays a pivotal role in shaping the climate system at high latitudes, acting as both an indicator and driver of climate change processes in this sensitive region. Its seasonal variability and long-term decline have far-reaching implications for global climate dynamics, regional ecosystems, and human activities. While climate models indicate clear evidence of human-induced sea ice decline, quantification of the relative contributions of forcing factors in relation to climate-system internal processes remains uncertain. Here, we tackle this uncertainty by employing a combination of statistical analyses on observational data, highlighting the distinct fingerprints of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration as external forcing, the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) as well as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), as modes of internal variability, on global sea surface temperature (SST) and Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) since 1950. Our analyses reveal that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations are by far the dominant causal factor for SIC variability, while AMO and NAO also play a significant role in either exacerbating or mitigating sea ice loss. Since mid-1980s, the positive trend of the AMO has amplified the declining trend in Arctic sea ice, with its effects being roughly half as large as the effect of rising CO2 concentrations. Linear regression analyses shed light on the physical processes linking the drivers of Arctic sea ice decline both during phases of sea-ice accumulation and melting. Causal links between increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the AMO, the NAO, on the one hand, and observed global SST—Arctic SIC patterns on the other are also established. Observation-based coupled SST-SIC interactions underline the past evolution of Arctic sea ice and emphasize the important roles of these drivers in shaping its current and future evolution.
Attending an integrated nephrology and diabetology outpatient service can improve diabetic kidney disease treatment: a single-center experience
Authors: Sellasie S. Wolde , Pecchioli C. , Cersosimo K. , Nardone I. , Zaccaria S. , Centi A. , Di Perna P. , Tatangelo P. , Sperti P. , Schifano G. , Giurato L. , Bellia A. , Palumbo R. , Uccioli L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Glucose-lowering medications with established reno-protective effects are still underused in Italy. We explored whether attending an integrated nephrology and diabetology (NPD) outpatient service can improve clinical outcomes and adherence to treatment guidelines for diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Methods
We retrospectively included 110 DKD patients (aged 71.1 ± 10.1 years; 74.5% males) having attended the NPD outpatient service of CTO Hospital (Rome) between June and November 2023. Age- and gender-matched control group included DKD patients attending regular Diabetology outpatient service. Drugs prescriptions, clinical and biochemical parameters related to routine evaluation of DKD were collected at first and 6-months control visit.

Results
This DKD population was made of 28.2% of patients with urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) > 30 mg/gr, 33.6% with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min, 38.2% with both abnormalities. Proportion of patients prescribed with most recent anti-diabetic medications significantly increased after attending the NPD service (for SGLT-2 inhibitors, 54.5 vs. 25.5%, p < 0.01; for GLP1-R agonists, 28.3 vs. 21.8%, p = 0.01), as well as for statins (p < 0.01) and calcium channel-blockers (p = 0.01). During the same observation period we registered significant reduction in LDL cholesterol (p = 0.01) and UACR levels (p = 0.007), with a trend toward improvement in HbA1c and eGFR. Conversely, no significant differences in drugs prescriptions were reported in the control group, except for SGLT-2 inhibitors.

Conclusions
Enhanced real-time interaction and collaborative decision-making in an outpatient setting that integrates both diabetology and nephrology expertise can lead to better clinical outcomes and greater adherence to DKD management guidelines, ultimately providing a more comprehensive strategy for cardio-renal risk reduction.
Rats can distinguish (and generalize) among two white wine varieties
Authors: Frasnelli Elisa , Chivers Benedict D. , Smith Barry C. , Fitch W. Tecumseh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the olfactory literature there is considerable debate about how differences in olfactory receptors across different species map onto variations in perceptual acuity and performance. Although humans have fewer functional olfactory receptors than most other mammals, it has been suggested that linguistic and cognitive abilities help compensate for this apparent deficit and enhance discriminative abilities, particularly through humans’ ability to categorize sensory stimuli into conceptual categories. However, previous research suggests that non-human animals can learn complex categories, involving multiple perceptual dimensions, indicating that they can discriminate complex odor stimuli without language. We investigated generalization over complex olfactory categories by examining rats' discrimination of wine varieties, a challenging task for humans that has been suggested to rely heavily on human-specific linguistic, cognitive and categorization abilities. Nine rats were trained in an olfactory discrimination task (go/no-go) using a specific wine variety (Riesling or Sauvignon Blanc from different winemakers) as the S + . Rats were then tested using novel wines of the same varieties in unrewarded probe trials to assess their abilities to correctly assign instances of wine to specific categories. Interestingly, all nine rats successfully learned to discriminate the two varieties, and most rats generalized within two test trials to novel wines of the same varieties. We explore the implications of our results for olfactory concept formation and categorization more generally.
Rhaly operators: more on generalized Cesàro operators
Authors: Gallardo-Gutiérrez Eva A. , Partington Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rhaly operators, as generalizations of the Cesàro operator, are studied from the standpoint of view of spectral theory and invariant subspaces, extending previous results by Rhaly and Leibowitz to a framework where generalized Cesàro operators arise naturally.
Long-term health-related quality of life among adolescent and young adult breast cancer survivors
Authors: Vrancken Peeters Noelle J. M. C. , Kerklaan Roos , Vlooswijk Carla , Bijlsma Rhodé M. , Kaal Suzanne E. J. , Tromp Jacqueline M. , Bos Monique E. M. M. , van der Hulle Tom , de Boer Maaike , Nuver Janine , Kouwenhoven Mathilde C. M. , van der Graaf Winette T. A. , Husson Olga 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
As the prognosis for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with breast cancer has improved, long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become increasingly important. This study aimed to analyze the long-term HRQoL of AYA breast cancer survivors compared to an age-matched normative population and to identify factors associated with HRQoL.

Methods
Secondary analyses were conducted using data from the SURVAYA study. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to assess HRQoL. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare HRQoL scores of AYA breast cancer survivors with those of the normative population (n = 409). Linear regression models were constructed to identify patient and treatment characteristics associated with HRQoL.

Results
A total of 944 female AYA breast cancer survivors were included, with a median age of 36.0 years and a median follow-up of 12.2 years. AYA breast cancer survivors scored significantly lower on five functional scales: physical, role, emotional, cognitive, and social, and higher on five symptom scales: fatigue, pain, dyspnea, insomnia, and financial impact compared to the normative population. Being in a relationship, having a positive body image, and adaptive coping were positively associated with HRQoL, while older age, chemotherapy, unemployment, and maladaptive coping were negatively associated.

Conclusion
AYA breast cancer survivors experience significantly compromised long-term HRQoL compared to an age-matched normative population. These results highlight the need for tailored follow-up care and long-term support, as well as the importance of shared decision-making about the benefits and risks of treatments before initiation.
Adoption of AI-based order picking in warehouse: benefits, challenges, and critical success factors
Authors: Rad Fakhreddin Fakhrai , Oghazi Pejvak , Onur İzmir , Kordestani Arash 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research assesses the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-based batch order picking in a warehouse, focusing on benefits, challenges, and critical success factors. Using customer order data and simulation, the study employs a quantitative approach, combining mathematical and statistical estimations with qualitative examinations centered on interviews with the warehouse staff, its Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) developer, and the AI developer. The findings of this mixed-method study reveal that the AI-based order-picking system (AI-based system) has improved order-picking efficiency by reducing travel distance and time. Nevertheless, challenges hinder maximum utilization of the system. In addition, the research highlights critical success factors and other benefits of adopting the system tailored to warehouse management. Understanding the lessons learned in this research is essential for businesses seeking to adopt AI to enhance their efficiency.
A context in mutation: How the gig economy is changing the rules of the game for entrepreneurship?
Authors: Hägg Gustav , Kurczewska Agnieszka , Poček Jasna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Considering rapid digital transformation and recent changes in the macro-level “rules of the game” in entrepreneurship, we aim to problematize and understand the progressive encounter and new relationship between opportunity-driven and necessity-driven entrepreneurs within the context of the gig economy. In such a setting, both traditional entrepreneurial roles and the very division between them are brought into question. Their encounter implies a deviation from the basic assumptions of what entrepreneurship entails: being the bearer of risk, taking on uncertainty and individual responsibility, and pursuing unlimited profit potential. This deviation results in a change in the rules of the game. Consequently, we learn more about how the context of moving from a pre-gig economy toward the gig economy has implications for our societal understanding of entrepreneurship as a phenomenon.