bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Bi-Decadal Groundwater Fluctuations in a Coastal Region Using Innovative Trends and Singular Spectrum Analysis
Authors: Krishnan Chythanya , Mahesha Amai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Coastal areas are among the densely populated regions in the world with growing population and subsequent increasing demands for water. Understanding the long-term variations in available water resources aids in efficient water conservation, management and allocation strategies. The present study investigated the longterm trends in groundwater depths (GWDs) for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons in the coastal district of Kollam during the period 1996~2017, where groundwater is the primary source for domestic and agricultural uses during summer season. The trends examined using the modified Mann Kendall (mMK), innovative trend analysis (ITA) and Sen’s slope estimator indicated a decreasing pre-monsoon GWD trends at an average of -0.5m/ decade in 63% of the wells, while increasing post-monsoon GWD trends at an average rate of +0.43m/decade in 72% of the wells at 5% significance level. The singular spectrum analysis (SSA) captured monotonic as well as non-monotonic trend trajectories for the GWDs. About 41% wells exhibited a correlation below - 0.5 (p&lt;0.05) between post-monsoon GWDs and JJASO (June, July, August, September and October) rainfall totals. The increasing post-monsoon GWDs could be related to recent changes in the southwest monsoon patterns over the peninsular India. Adequate planning and management of existing water resources could impart better control on water conservation strategies under the scenario of climate change.
Impact of Leachate Percolation on Groundwater Quality near the Bandhwari Landfill Site Gurugram, India
Authors: Srivastava Sudhir K. , Mohiddin Syed K. , Prakash Dhan , Bhartariya Sanjay G , Singh Tejdeep , Nagar Anoop , Lale Kiran , Radhapyari Keisham 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Non-engineered landfill sites pose substantial environmental threats, especially on air, biodiversity, soil fertility, human health. In addition, they have significant threats to groundwater resources. As a result, areas lying close to these landfills have a higher chance of groundwater contamination because of the leachate originating from these sites. Therefore, physico-chemical, heavy metal and organic pollutants were examined to study the effects of leachate seepage on groundwater quality collected in and around the Bandhwari sanitary landfill site. The study results revealed that parameters such as TDS, total hardness, COD, cations, anions, and heavy metals (Cd and Pb) exceeded the BIS limits and WHO limits. It depicts that contaminant from the landfill site have made their way into the groundwater, adversely affecting the quality of groundwater of the vicinal area, despite the existing quartzite geological setup and deep aquifers. The concentration of COD in groundwater samples around landfill ranged between 08-152 mg/L, and COD in leachate samples ranged between 14000-14800 mg/L. The concentration of BOD in groundwater samples ranged between 1.0-30 mg/L, and BOD for leachate samples ranged between 6771-7617 mg/L. The samples analysed for organo-chlorine, carbanates and organo-phosphorus pesticides shows that pesticides concentration is within the acceptable limit of 0.001 μg/L.
Productivity gains, evolution of productive performances, and profitability of organic ruminant farms: farm size and feed self-sufficiency matter
Authors: Veysset Patrick , Kouakou Edith , Minviel Jean-Joseph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe analyzed the productive and economic performances of a constant sample of 58 organic ruminant farms between 2014 and 2018, in a mountain grassland area (French Massif Central). Over this 5-year period, these farms expanded without increasing their labor productivity or animal density per hectare of forage area. While animal productivity has been maintained, we observed a decrease in feed self-sufficiency, and thus, an increase in feed purchases. Over the period, the volume of inputs used has increased more rapidly than agricultural production, resulting in a decline in the productivity surplus (PS) at a rate of −2.6%/year. As the prices of products and inputs were relatively stable, this decrease in PS was financed at 41% by an increase in public aid (drought aid, agri-environmental climate measures) and at 49% by a decrease in profitability for the farmer (the farm income per farmer fell by 40%). A binary choice estimation model, i.e., which variables determine the positive or negative sign of the PS, showed that farm size was a negative determinant of the PS, as was system specialization, while feed self-sufficiency was a positive determinant. More statistically robust references on price indices of organic farming (OF) products and inputs, as well as long-term follow-ups of OF farms, are needed to validate these original results, which were based on a small sample size and a short period of time.
From naturalness to materiality: reimagining philosophy of scientific classification
Authors: Ludwig David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe notion of natural kinds has been widely criticized in philosophy of science but also appears indispensable for philosophical engagement with classificatory practices. Rather than addressing this tension through a new definition of “natural kind”, this article suggests materiality as a substitute for naturalness in philosophical debates about scientific classification. It is argued that a theory of material kinds provides an alternative and more inclusive entry point for analyzing classificatory practices, which is specified through an account of “restricted malleability” of materiality and further analyzed as (1) gradual, (2) multi-dimensional, (3) scalable, (4) interactive, and (5) purpose sensitive.
Pharmaceutical applications of lignin-derived chemicals and lignin-based materials: linking lignin source and processing with clinical indication
Authors: Karagoz Pinar , Khiawjan Sansanee , Marques Marco P. C. , Santzouk Samir , Bugg Timothy D. H. , Lye Gary J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant bioresources on Earth. Over recent decades, various valorisation techniques have been developed to produce value-added products from the cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of this biomass. Lignin is the third major component accounting for 10–30% (w/w). However, it currently remains a largely unused fraction due to its recalcitrance and complex structure. The increase in the global demand for lignocellulosic biomass, for energy and chemical production, is increasing the amount of waste lignin available. Approaches to date for valorizing this renewable but heterogeneous chemical resource have mainly focused on production of materials and fine chemicals. Greater value could be gained by developing higher value pharmaceutical applications which would help to improve integrated biorefinery economics. In this review, different lignin extraction methods, such as organosolv and ionic liquid, and the properties and potential of the extracted chemical building blocks are first summarized with respect to pharmaceutical use. The review then discusses the many recent advances made regarding the medical or therapeutic potential of lignin-derived materials such as antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor compounds and in controlled drug delivery. The aim is to draw out the link between the source and the processing of the biomass and potential clinical applications. We then highlight four key areas for future research if therapeutic applications of lignin-derived products are to become commercially viable. These relate to the availability and processing of lignocellulosic biomass, technologies for the purification of specific compounds, enhancements in process yield, and progression to human clinical trials.
Teleonomy: Revisiting a Proposed Conceptual Replacement for Teleology
Authors: Dresow Max , Love Alan C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe concept of teleonomy has been attracting renewed attention recently. This is based on the idea that teleonomy provides a useful conceptual replacement for teleology, and even that it constitutes an indispensable resource for thinking biologically about purposes. However, both these claims are open to question. We review the history of teleological thinking from Greek antiquity to the modern period to illuminate the tensions and ambiguities that emerged when forms of teleological reasoning interacted with major developments in biological thought. This sets the stage for an examination of Pittendrigh’s (Adaptation, natural selection, and behavior. In: Roe A, Simpson GG (eds) Behavior and evolution. Yale University Press, New Haven, pp 390–416, 1958) introduction of “teleonomy” and its early uptake in the work of prominent biologists. We then explore why teleonomy subsequently foundered and consider whether the term may yet have significance for discussions of goal-directedness in evolutionary biology and philosophy of science. This involves clarifying the relationship between teleonomy and teleological explanation, as well as asking how the concept of teleonomy impinges on research at the frontiers of evolutionary theory.
Using the global value chain framework to analyse and tackle global environmental crises
Authors: De Marchi Valentina , Gereffi Gary 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate crises are being experienced all over the world and appear to be accelerating as “extreme weather” events become the “new normal.” In today’s world economy, where trade and production activities are internationally dispersed and prone to disruptions, the global value chain (GVC) framework provides a systematic approach to understand and combat environmental crises and to advance sustainable development options across global, regional, and local scales. A vast “implementation deficit” characterizes sustainability efforts to date. The GVC framework incorporates firm and policymaker perspectives in a multistakeholder approach that offers multiple building blocks for a progressive environmental agenda, including: a multi-actor perspective to define sustainability; measuring it across diverse geographic scales; analysis of both environmental upgrading and downgrading; distinguishing motivations, actions, and outcomes when assessing environmental performance; viewing GVC resilience in terms of the interplay of economic and environmental forces; and highlighting how context matters in analyzing national, industry, and geopolitical factors.
Long-Term Clinical and Toxicological Follow-up of Severe Cobalt and Chromium Intoxication—a Case Report
Authors: Preisser Alexandra M. , Scheit Lorenz , Kraft Alexander , Thieme Olaf , Harth Volker 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCobalt intoxications from fractured hip endoprostheses have been described since the early 2000s. Typical symptoms include cardiomyopathy, neurological symptoms with visual and hearing loss and hypothyroidism. Less is known about long-term progression of these pathologies. This case report shows the long-term course of complications caused by cobalt and chromium exposure after substantial elimination of the source of intoxication. We report here a 63-year-old male Caucasian with severe cobalt and chromium intoxication. He presented 1 month after 2nd revision surgery of a broken hip endoprosthesis in a reduced general condition with signs of heart failure, pale skin and diminished hearing and vision. Blood analyses showed a cobalt concentration of 600 μg/L (reference value < 0.45 μg/L). Because the blood cobalt concentration decreased rapidly after surgery and symptoms improved, chelation therapy was not applied. Close clinical and toxicological monitoring was performed. The intoxication was not diagnosed until 6 years after the faulty hip joint revision and 3 years of clear signs of intoxication during a 2nd revision of the prosthesis. The patient’s ordeal could have been much shorter if his cobalt intoxication with neurologic, cardiac and thyroid symptoms had been detected earlier by toxicological blood tests. After the elimination of the source of poisoning, the long-term course showed constant excretion of cobalt and chromium over several years without chelation. Specific symptoms such as cardiomyopathy and neurological symptoms were declining. However, due to the continuous release of metal ions from the tissue, complete recovery did not occur.
Effect of a Water Phase on the Swelling Pressure and Water Retention of an Unsaturated Bentonite–Sand Mixture with Insignificant Osmotic Suction
Authors: Lang Lin Zhi , Baille Wiebke 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCompacted bentonite–sand mixture is proposed widely as backfill in geological repositories for disposal of radioactive waste in many countries because this material has significant swelling capacity and low water permeability. Development of the swelling pressure of backfills upon hydration is related closely to the stability of the host rock in the geological repository. No systematic experimental studies have been carried out to explore the effect of a water phase on the swelling pressure and water retention of bentonite–sand mixtures with insignificant osmotic suction. The objective of the current study was to examine experimentally the influence of a water phase involving liquid water and water vapor on swelling pressure and water retention of a bentonite–sand mixture with insignificant osmotic suction. Swelling-pressure tests with suction control and water-retention measurements under constant-volume conditions were performed on the compacted bentonite–sand mixture with a dry density of 1.80 g/cm3. Osmotic and vapor equilibrium techniques were used to make identical specimens adsorb liquid water and water vapor, respectively. The experimental results showed that the water phase had almost no effect on the swelling-pressure patterns of the unsaturated bentonite–sand mixture upon hydration over a suction range from 27 to 3 MPa. The swelling pressure increased significantly with decreasing suction from 27 to 3 MPa, regardless of the mixture adsorbing either the liquid water or water vapor. Nevertheless, the water phase had a considerable impact on both the swelling pressure and water retention of the unsaturated bentonite–sand mixture upon hydration over the same suction range. For a given value of suction in the range above, the swelling pressure and the water content of the bentonite–sand upon adsorption of liquid water were greater than those upon adsorption of water vapor. The influence of the water phase on the swelling pressure and the water retention of the bentonite–sand mixture with insignificant osmotic suction is related mainly to the hydration or swelling mechanism of Ca-rich bentonite.
Rating the significance of the factors influencing shortage of skilled labours for sustainable construction: a perception of Makkah construction practitioner
Authors: Alshahrani Adnan , Alaboud Naif , Leje Mohammed Isah , Karban Abdullah , Altowerqi Zayed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe construction industry is one of the main economic sectors that contribute significantly to social and economic development. However, the lack of skilled labour is one of the factors affecting the success of projects in the construction industry. Skilled labours are the potential for enhancing overall delivery of construction projects to achieve sustainability. Building and construction industry in Makkah has continued to respond to shortages of skilled labours. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the importance of factors influencing the shortage of skilled labours from the perceptions of construction practitioners. In order to achieve the aims and objectives of this study, the quantitative descriptive method was adopted for this research study, and data for this study was collected through a stratified random sample of construction practitioners in Makkah. Data were first analysed by way of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Relative Importance Index (RII) for ranking comparison among the construction practitioners. The results of RII indicates that the significant factors influencing the shortage of skilled labours in Makkah include delay in salary payment, low wages structure, lack of motivation system, health and safety issues on construction sites, lack of job security, bad relations between skilled labours and management team, poor living conditions, Slow recruitment of skilled labours, restricted government regulations, and exposure of climate conditions. The findings revealed that the factors rated are required for organisational performances which are essential in achieving sustainable building and construction in Makkah.
COVID-19 and its impact on mental health as a function of gender, age, and income
Authors: Gulati Namrata , Nanda Chandni , Hora Ramandeep Kaur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of people from different socioeconomic classes. This has been done by creating an anxiety score, based on responses to a set of questions that were asked as part of a two-round telephonic survey done by Young Lives Data for India. Using this index, anxiety levels have been classified as high, medium, and low. As the dependent variable has an ordered nature, an ordered logit model has been used for regression. According to the results, job loss, death of the family’s earning member or mishap in the family, and price increases all contributed to increased anxiety. The analysis indicates that anxiety levels among women were higher than among men because of the increased burden of household chores and childcare responsibilities. Also, anxiety levels were higher among those who perceived themselves as rich or poor as opposed to those who were comfortable in their income group. There was a higher anxiety level among the rich due to income loss and increased household responsibilities. A high percentage of children and elders reported feeling anxious; school closures and a lack of social interaction caused stress. Isolation also plagued the elderly. Furthermore, many students couldn’t avail online learning opportunities due to a lack of resources. The government implemented many policies to mitigate these issues, which included those to mitigate the immediate hunger problem.
Perceived COVID-19 Severity, Risk of Infection, and Prevention Self-Efficacy in Saudi Arabia During Lockdown: A Population-Based National Study
Authors: Al-Raddadi Rajaa , Bahabri Nezar , AlRaddadi Zeyad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEvidence shows that the risk perception of humans can significantly affect their response to a threat. This population-based, cross-sectional study explored the determinants of perceived disease seriousness, perceived disease infectiveness, and perceived prevention self-efficacy of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), during the lockdown period, using the health belief model for preventive behavior (HBMPB) among 4423 adults in Saudi Arabia from 13 provinces. Multivariate binary regression was used to analyze the independent factors of three risk perception variables and to measure their effect on adherence to preventive measures. Overall, COVID-19 seriousness was perceived to be higher than that of diabetes and lower than that of a heart attack, while its infectiousness was perceived to be high by 75.3% of the participants. Furthermore, 66.6% had a low perception of their prevention self-efficacy. The HBMPB showed independent effects of all three risk perception parameters on adherence to the preventive measures, including perceived seriousness (Odd’s ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.01–1.56), infectiousness (OR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.52–2.38), and prevention self-efficacy (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.20–1.91). Authorities should maintain an optimal level of communication on the COVID-19 risk, communicate more about the virus’ cycle and the disease to demystify the rationale of the preventive measures, and enhance confidence in their efficiency.
Generalized Bockstein maps and Massey products
Authors: Lam Yeuk Hay Joshua , Liu Yuan , Sharifi Romyar , Wake Preston , Wang Jiuya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Given a profinite group G of finite p-cohomological dimension and a pro-p quotient H of G by a closed normal subgroup N, we study the filtration on the Iwasawa cohomology of N by powers of the augmentation ideal in the group algebra of H. We show that the graded pieces are related to the cohomology of G via analogues of Bockstein maps for the powers of the augmentation ideal. For certain groups H, we relate the values of these generalized Bockstein maps to Massey products relative to a restricted class of defining systems depending on H. We apply our study to prove lower bounds on the p-ranks of class groups of certain nonabelian extensions of

$\mathbb {Q}$

and to give a new proof of the vanishing of Massey triple products in Galois cohomology.
Injection medialisation laryngoplasty: an alternative approach for challenging cases
Authors: Gupta T , Ali Y , Sudan S , Bowles P F D 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveConventional injection medialisation laryngoplasty techniques may be compromised by patient-specific factors such as marked kyphosis, an anteriorly positioned larynx or intolerance to nasendoscopy. This paper describes a technique for successful injection medialisation laryngoplasty where conventional methods are precluded, in an 88-year-old man with presbyphonia on a background of Parkinson's disease.MethodsAfter induction of general anaesthesia, a transoral introducing needle, shaped by tactile manipulation to match the curvature of a ‘C-MAC’ intubating video-laryngoscope ‘D-blade’ attachment, was introduced until visible above the glottis. The implant material was then injected into the paraglottic space as normal until satisfactory medialisation of the vocal fold was achieved.ResultsWhen reviewed in the out-patient clinic four weeks later, the patient's post-operative Voice Handicap Index score fell to 6, from a pre-operative score of 21.ConclusionBy utilising commonly available equipment and anaesthetic support to recreate the views and access conventional nasendoscopy and laryngoscopy facilitate, this novel procedure provides a viable and proven alternative in uncommon but challenging cases.
Abortion Access and the Benefits and Limitations of Abortion-Permissive Legal Frameworks: Lessons from the United Kingdom
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that abortion access is an important subject for bioethics scholarship and reflects on the relationship between legal frameworks and access to care. The author uses the example of the United Kingdom to examine the benefits and limitations of abortion-permissive legal frameworks in terms of access. These are legal frameworks that enable the provision of abortion but subject to restrictions. An abortion-permissive regime—first in Great Britain and then in Northern Ireland—has gone some way to improving access to care over time. However, aspects of the regime (that lead to its description as permissive rather than supportive of abortion) have the potential to endanger abortion access in the future and so legal reform is necessary.
Eating in Isolation: A Normative Comparison of Force Feeding and Solitary Confinement
Authors: Buzath Emma , Lederman Zohar 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe practice of solitary confinement (SC) is established within the literature as a common occurrence of torture within the prison system, and many international and national human rights organizations have called for its abolition. A somewhat more contentious topic in the literature is the practice of force feeding (FF) of hunger-striking prisoners. The paper aims to make a case against FF by establishing a parity argument that states the following: If SC is considered an immoral practice (and indeed it should be), it should follow that FF is morally impermissible as well. In conclusion, this paper will argue that FF of hunger-striking prisoners is a violation of their fundamental moral rights and constitutes cruel and inhumane treatment and, therefore, should be abolished.