bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypyrrole‐coated rubber foam sorbent for extraction of fipronil and fipronil sulfone in tea
Authors: Choden Sonam , Deki Deki , Maneeratanachot Suwatchanee , Lehman Nussana , Kalkornsurapranee Ekwipoo , Kaewpet Morakot , Sooksawat Dhassida , Jeerapan Itthipon , Numnuam Apon , Kanatharana Proespichaya , Thavarungkul Panote , Thammakhet‐Buranachai Chongdee 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA polypyrrole‐coated rubber foam sorbent with a steel wire insert was developed for the magnetic solid phase extraction of fipronil and fipronil sulfone from tea samples for analysis by a gas chromatography‐electron capture detector. Under the optimum conditions, the method linear ranges were 0.05–100 μg/L for fipronil and 0.01–100 μg/L for fipronil sulfone. The limits of detection were 0.01 and 0.005 μg/L while limits of quantitation were 0.05 and 0.01 μg/L for fipronil and fipronil sulfone, respectively. The preparation procedure of the developed sorbent exhibited good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation in the range of 1.9%–2.4% spiked at 50 μg/L. Good precision was obtained with a relative standard deviation below 6.7% in four concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 50 μg/L. Fipronil sulfone was detected in two tea samples at concentrations of 1.79 ± 0.05 and 2.64 ± 0.03 μg/L with recoveries ranging from 80.4 ± 1.5% to 110.0 ± 2.0%. Thus, the developed sorbent exhibited high extraction efficiency with good selectivity towards the target analytes in real samples.
Brønsted Base‐Catalyzed Enantioselective α‐Functionalization of Carbonyl Compounds Involving π‐Extended Enolates
Authors: Oiarbide Mikel , Palomo Claudio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChiral Brønsted base (BB) catalyzed asymmetric transformations constitute an important tool for synthesis. A meaningful fraction of these transformations proceeds through transiently generated enolate intermediates, which display quite versatile reactivity against a variety of electrophiles. Some years ago, our group became interested in developing BB‐catalyzed asymmetric reactions of enolizable carbonyl substrates that involve π‐extended enolates in which, besides control of reaction diastereo and enantioselectivity, the site‐selectivity control is an additional issue in most cases. In the examples covered in this account the opportunities deployed, and the challenges posed, by these methods are illustrated, with a focus on the generation of quaternary carbon stereocenters. In the way, new bifunctional BB catalysts as well as achiral templates were developed that may find further applications.
Supporting Inferential Comprehension in the Preschool Classroom: The Roles of Theory of Mind and Executive Skills
Authors: DeBruin‐Parecki Andrea , Cartwright Kelly B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough much is known about supporting preschoolers' alphabet knowledge, less is known about instructional moves that support preschoolers' narrative comprehension or how preschoolers' developing cognitive skills may support their narrative comprehension development. This school‐university partnership project examined relations of preschoolers' Theory of Mind (i.e., social understanding) and executive function skills to narrative comprehension development in three instructional contexts: inferential, interactive vocabulary‐focused, and typical instruction in preschool classrooms. Structured, inferential comprehension instruction emerged as a promising practice that may support preschoolers' narrative comprehension development. We observed that children who received structured inferential comprehension instruction showed greater responsiveness to the instruction if they were high on cognitive flexibility or Theory of Mind, suggesting that these preschool cognitive skills may be important for developing comprehension. The structured, inferential comprehension intervention is described, as are applications to classroom practice.
Chronic emesis in a dog associated with idiopathic, smooth muscle hyperplasia of the ileo–caeco–colic junction
Authors: Sharp Callum A. T. , Dolensek Tamara , Martineau Henny , Vlasin Michal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old, male, neutered American bulldog presented with a 3‐month history of intermittent vomiting and concurrent hyporexia. Abdominal ultrasonography identified concentric thickening of the tunica muscularis at the ileo–caeco–colic junction, which was confirmed with computed tomography. An exploratory coeliotomy was undertaken, where a solitary caecal mass was identified. An end‐to‐side enterocolostomy was performed and resected tissue submitted for histopathology. Histopathology was consistent with diffuse smooth muscle hyperplasia of the tunica muscularis. Two months later, the patient re‐presented with profuse watery diarrhoea. Low vitamin B12 was identified on biochemistry, and supplementation was commenced. In the following 3 months, no further clinical signs were reported.
Experiences and recommendations of veterinarians for the Dutch disciplinary system—a survey‐based study
Authors: Boissevain Iaira E. , Jongbloed Anthonie W. , Meijboom Franck L. B. , Hesselink Jan Willem , Mandigers Paul J. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn the Netherlands, the veterinary disciplinary system is governmentally executed and was originally designed to provide an educational effect on veterinarians as part of maintaining quality standards.MethodsOver 900 veterinarians were questioned (20% of the total number of veterinarians working in veterinary medicine in the Netherlands). It was ascertained whether or not they were aware of the disciplinary system, if it affected their way of working and what impact it had on their way of working after having faced a disciplinary case. Respondents were given the opportunity to express their opinions about the system and possible improvements.ResultsThe risk of complaints was found to be significantly greater when a veterinarian owned a practice compared to veterinarians who were employees. Veterinarians with their own practice were generally older (male) veterinarians. Whether this was a direct effect or just the effect of having a longer career could not be answered. Multiple disciplinary procedures appeared to have no influence. In 13%, veterinarians indicated that the disciplinary system had led to a more defensive way of practicing medicine to avoid complaints.Discussion and conclusionsMost veterinarians supported a disciplinary system as a tool for maintaining and improving the integrity and reputation of the profession as a whole. Recommendations to improve were (1) shortening the length of the procedure, (2) screening for validity, (3) using online systems for communication with the disciplinary council, (4) the option of mediation before getting involved in a full procedure and (5) instituting a complaint fee.
Adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater by modified sludge/biomass ash ceramsite: Preparation, adsorption mechanism, and sustainable analysis
Authors: Shen Hexin , Zhou Chuncai , Xu Shihai , Huang Yan , Shi Jiaqian , Liu Guijian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExcessive ammonium and phosphate in aquatic settings may produce major eutrophication. Adsorbents can be used to reduce the eutrophication of natural water bodies. In this study, a sustainable and efficient ceramic adsorbent (sludge/biomass ash ceramsite [SBC]) was prepared by using sludge and biomass ash with a weight ratio of 1:1; the sintering parameters were 1070°C for 15 min. The NH4+‐N and P adsorption capabilities were improved by utilizing 1 mol L−1 NaOH and 1.6 mol L−1 La(NO3)3·6H2O for modification. When the pH and duration were 7 and 1440 min, respectively, the maximum bending capacity of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus was 3.2 and 2.1 mg g−1 at 308 K. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model better describes the adsorption dynamics of NH4+‐N and P, whereas the Langmuir model better describes the adsorption isotherm models of NH4+‐N and P. The adsorption mechanism of SBC‐NaOH on NH4+‐N is ion exchange between Na+ and NH4+, whereas the adsorption mechanism of SBC‐La on phosphorus is ion exchange and La3+ adsorption. SBC combines efficient wastewater purification with the reuse of solid waste. The findings gave rise to the possibility of recycling ceramics as a plant fertilizer with a delayed release in the future.Practitioner Points

New ceramsite was made from sludge and biomass ash.
NH4+‐N (3.2 mg g−1) and P (2.1 mg g−1) were effectively adsorbed by ceramsite.
The mechanism of NH4+‐N and P adsorption by ceramsite was studied.
Absorbed ceramsite can be used as slow‐release fertilizer in plant cultivation.
Analyzing factors driving of eutrophication of river‐type urban landscape lakes
Authors: Jia Ruipeng , Dou Ming , Bi Jingquan , Wang Zhen , Mi Qingbin , Li Jia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe eutrophication of river‐type urban landscape (RTUL) lakes is different from that of natural lakes. In this study, Xiaofu Lake, a typical RTUL lake with high anthropogenic interference, was used as the study area. Monitoring data from 2018 to 2020 were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of chlorophyll a (Chl‐a) concentrations with meteorological, hydrodynamic, and nutrient factors. Correlation and regression analyses were used to identify the relationship between the factors influencing eutrophication and the Chl‐a. The MIKE21 model is used to simulate changes in water quality indicators. The study determined the relationship between river water quality and environmental factors and explored the causes of eutrophication in the water bodies of Xiaofu Lake. The results showed that from 2018 to 2020, the water quality showed seasonal variation and differences in spatial distribution. Except for total nitrogen, which remained at a high level (average 8.23 mg/L), other water qualities remained between classes II and IV. The proportions of mild, moderate, and severe eutrophication in the study area were 25%, 69%, and 6%, respectively. Indicators that were highly correlated with water eutrophication were turbidity, water temperature, total phosphorus, and permanganate index. The contribution of water temperature, ammonia nitrogen, and permanganate index to eutrophication was 30.5%, 22.6%, and 20.9%, respectively. The high proportion of sewage in the source of recharge water is one of the reasons for the deterioration of water quality. In addition, the change in water eutrophication was closely related to the gate operation in the region.Practitioner Points

There are differences between river‐type urban landscape (RTUL) lakes and natural lakes, and the conditions that cause eutrophication are different.
RTUL are subject to strong human interference and rely on water transfer and gate scheduling to maintain water quantity.
The high proportion of sewage treatment plant tailwater in upstream water is the main reason for the long‐term pollution of RTUL.
The indicators highly correlated with water eutrophication are turbidity, water temperature, total phosphorus, and permanganate index.
The contact problem of a functionally graded layer under the effect of gravity
Authors: Adiyaman Gokhan , Oner Erdal , Yaylaci Murat , Birinci Ahmet 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the continuous and discontinuous contact problems of a functionally graded (FG) layer under the effect of gravity. A finite distributed load is applied to the beam from the top and the beam is placed to the top of a rigid foundation. It is assumed that the shear modulus and mass density of the beam vary exponentially whereas Poisson's ratio remains constant. The problem is solved for both continuous and discontinuous cases. In each case, the governing equations and boundary conditions of the problem are reduced to an integral equation by the help of Fourier integral transform. In the continuous contact, the integral equation solved analytically and critical load that causes initial separation between the layer and the rigid foundation, separation distance and contact pressures are investigated for various non‐homogeneity parameters that presents the change in the shear modulus and density and loadings. The singular integral equation in case of discontinuous contact is numerically solved by using corresponding Gauss–Chebyshev quadrature and an iterative scheme. The effect of non‐homogeneity parameters and loading on the separation distance between the layer and the foundation and contact pressures are analyzed. All the results are shown in tables and figures. It is seen that increasing stiffness and decreasing density at the top of the layer reduce maximum pressures but increase separation distances. This study aims to fill the deficiency in the mechanical behavior of the coatings under gravity.
Historical development of the survivorship of zoo rhinoceroses—A comparative historical analysis
Authors: Wittwer Anita , Roller Marco , Müller Dennis W. H. , Bertelsen Mads F. , Lackey Laurie Bingaman , Steck Beatrice , Biddle Rebecca , Versteege Lars , Clauss Marcus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractZoo animal husbandry is a skill that should be developing constantly. In theory, this should lead to an improvement of zoo animal survivorship over time. Additionally, it has been suggested that species that are at a comparatively higher risk of extinction in their natural habitats (in situ) might also be more difficult to keep under zoo conditions (ex situ). Here, we assessed these questions for three zoo‐managed rhinoceros species with different extinction risk status allocated by the IUCN: the “critically endangered” black rhino (Diceros bicornis), the “vulnerable” greater one‐horned (GOH) rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis), and the “near threatened” white rhino (Ceratotherium simum). Comparing zoo animals ≥1 year of age, the black rhino had the lowest and the white rhino the highest survivorship, in congruence with their extinction risk status. Historically, the survivorship of both black and white rhino in zoos improved significantly over time, whereas that of GOH rhino stagnated. Juvenile mortality was generally low and decreased even further in black and white rhinos over time. Together with the development of population pyramids, this shows increasing competence of the global zoo community to sustain all three species. Compared to the continuously expanding zoo population of GOH and white rhinos, the zoo‐managed black rhino population has stagnated in numbers in recent years. Zoos do not only contribute to conservation by propagating ex situ populations, but also by increasing species‐specific husbandry skills. We recommend detailed research to understand specific factors responsible for the stagnation but also the general improvement of survivorship of zoo‐managed rhinos.
Preoperative education on realistic expectations improves the satisfaction of patients with central sensitization after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Nam Hee Seung , Yoo Hyun Jin , Ho Jade Pei Yuik , Kim Yong Beom , Lee Yong Seuk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate whether an additional module on realistic expectations following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) would lead to a higher proportion of satisfied patients compared to existing preoperative education.
MethodsThis was a single‐center, randomized‐controlled trial. A total of 172 patients who were scheduled for TKA between September 2020 and October 2021 were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive either only standard preoperative education, or an additional module on realistic expectations following TKA. The primary outcome was patient satisfaction. Secondary outcomes were Short Form‐36, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, crepitus score, and range of motion. Subgroup analysis was performed based on central sensitization inventory (CSI) score stratification. Assessment was performed at the 3‐month, 6‐month, and > 1‐year follow‐up.
ResultsAt more than 1 year, 65/78 (83.3%) patients in the intervention group and 52/80 (65.0%) patients in the control group were satisfied (P = 0.03). The mean satisfaction score was measured as 4.2 ± 0.9 in the intervention and 3.9 ± 0.9 in the control at > 1 year (P = 0.01). There were significant differences in Short Form‐36 physical and mental component summary scores and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain and stiffness scores at 6 months (P = 0.02, P = 0.02, P = 0.04, P = 0.04). The frequency of satisfaction and mean satisfaction score in the top 25 percentile CSI group were 15/16 (93.8%) and 4.6 ± 0.6 in those who received intervention and 12/19 (63.2%) and 3.8 ± 0.8 in those who did not (P = 0.01, P = 0.01).
ConclusionsThorough preoperative education on realistic expectations following TKA showed effects on WOMAC pain and satisfaction at > 1 year after surgery. It was more prominent in the group with a higher CSI score at > 1‐year follow‐up.
Level of evidenceLevel I.
Towards understanding the robust strengthening of ENSO and more frequent extreme El Niño events in CMIP6 global warming simulations
Authors: Heede Ulla K. , Fedorov Alexey V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has profound impacts on weather patterns across the globe, yet there is no consensus on its response to global warming. Several modelling studies find a stronger ENSO in global warming scenarios, while other studies suggest ENSO weakening. Using a broad range of models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) and four types of warming experiments, here we show that the majority of the models predict a stronger ENSO by century-end in Shared Social Pathway (SSP) experiments, and in idealized 1pctCO2 and abrupt 4xCO2 experiments. Several models, however, do predict no change or ENSO weakening, especially in the idealized experiments. Critically, the strongest forcing (abrupt-4xCO2) does not induce the strongest ENSO response, while differences between the models are much greater than those between warming scenarios. For the long-term response (over 1000 years) the models disagree even on the sign of change. Furthermore, changes in ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) variability are only modestly correlated with the tropical Pacific mean state change. The highest correlation for ENSO SST amplitude is found with the mean zonal SST gradient in the SSP5-8.5 experiment (R = − 0.58). In contrast, changes in ENSO rainfall variability correlate well with changes in the mean state, as well as with changes in ENSO SST variability. When evaluating the Bjerknes Stability Index for a subset of models, we find that it is not a reliable predictor of ENSO strengthening, as this index tends to predict greater stability with warming. We argue that the enhanced ENSO stability is offset by increases in atmospheric noise or/and potential nonlinear effects. However, a robust inter-model mechanism that can explain a stronger ENSO simulated with global warming is still lacking. Therefore, caution should be exercised when considering ENSO changes based on a single model or warming scenario.
Brain MRI correlations with disease burden and biomarkers in Fabry disease
Authors: Zhao Yawen , Zhu Ying , Li Fan , Sun Yunchuang , Ma Wei , Wu Yuan , Zhang Wei , Wang Zhaoxia , Yuan Yun , Huang Yining 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objective
To quantitatively evaluate cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its correlation with disease burden and markers in Fabry disease, a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disease.

Methods
We collected brain MRI data from seventy-one Chinese patients with Fabry disease. CSVD was evaluated using an age-related white matter change rating scale, Fazekas scale, enlarged perivascular spaces grading scale, lacunar infarction scale, Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale, global cortical atrophy scale, and small-vessel disease score. Factors associated with MRI lesions, including sex, clinical subtype, disease severity, disease burden, genotype, and biomarkers, were also analyzed.

Results
Of 71 patients, 16 (22.5%) experienced ischemic stroke. The incidences of lacunar infarctions, white matter hyperintensities, and cerebral microbleeds were 55%, 62%, and 33%, respectively. The abnormal MRI group had later disease onset, longer disease duration, and a higher Mainz Severity Score Index (p < 0.05) than the normal MRI group. Patients with more severe clinical phenotypes also had higher CVSD-related scores. Sex and GLA mutational type were not closely associated with brain MRI lesions. Of the disease markers, the Mainz Severity Score Index and plasma globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3) were closely correlated with the majority of the MRI scores, whereas α-galactosidase A activity was not.

Conclusion
Brain MRI revealed progressive lacunar infarctions, white matter hyperintensities, and decreased brain volume in patients with Fabry disease. Brain MRI lesions were closely related to onset-age; disease duration, severity, burden; and plasma Lyso-Gb3. However, they were not associated with sex, α-galactosidase A activity, or GLA mutation type.
A fast Monte Carlo scheme for additive processes and option pricing
Authors: Azzone Michele , Baviera Roberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present a very fast Monte Carlo scheme for additive processes: the computational time is of the same order of magnitude of standard algorithms for simulating Brownian motions. We analyze in detail numerical error sources and propose a technique that reduces the two major sources of error. We also compare our results with a benchmark method: the jump simulation with Gaussian approximation. We show an application to additive normal tempered stable processes, a class of additive processes that calibrates “exactly” the implied volatility surface. Numerical results are relevant. This fast algorithm is also an accurate tool for pricing path-dependent discretely-monitoring options with errors of one basis point or below.
Analysing the distribution of strictly protected areas toward the EU2030 target
Authors: Cazzolla Gatti Roberto , Zannini Piero , Piovesan Gianluca , Alessi Nicola , Basset Alberto , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Di Musciano Michele , Field Richard , Halley John M. , Hoffmann Samuel , Iaria Jacopo , Kallimanis Athanasios , Lövei Gabor L. , Morera Albert , Provenzale Antonello , Rocchini Duccio , Vetaas Ole R. , Chiarucci Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProtecting global biodiversity is one of the most urgent tasks for the coming decades. Area-based conservation is a pillar for preserving ecosystems and species. Strictly protected areas specifically preserve biodiversity and ecosystem processes. The “EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030” targets strict protection for 10% of land area. Here we performed the first analysis of strictly protected areas (as IUCN type Ia, Ib, and II) across Europe, by investigating their area coverage at the level of biogeographical regions, countries and elevation gradients. We show that, with few exceptions, the amount of strictly protected area is very limited and the spatial distribution of such protected areas is biased towards higher elevation sites, as in the case of other protected areas. Then, we suggest that potential areas should be identified to expand strictly protected areas with low economic and social costs including, for instance, areas with high biodiversity value, low population, and low productive land use. Finally, we propose that a coordinated effort and a strategic plan to achieve continental-scale conservation are fundamental, and at least half of this land under strict conservation (i.e. 5%) should be under the protection categories Ia and Ib.