bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and automatic detection of lava flows using SAR backscatter applied to the 2017 eruption of Erta 'Ale Volcano, Ethiopia
Authors: Gosling Jemima , Dualeh Edna Warsame , Biggs Juliet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Mapping lava flows from a range of conditions and environments is critical for understanding flow behaviour and hazard assessment, but ground-based observations can be challenging especially in remote regions. Here, we use 39 SAR backscatter images from the COSMO-SkyMed satellite to measure the extent and surface properties of lava flows from the 2017-2019 eruption of Erta ‘Ale volcano, Ethiopia. Using pairs of images, we map the flow outlines and observe both increases and decreases in backscatter which we attribute to differences in surface roughness. We apply a sequential analysis technique, CUSUM, and find that it can automatically identify flows from the background with 0.88 efficiency. However, simple lava flow simulations (Q-LavHA) could not reproduce flow extents with reasonable input parameters, highlighting the lack of appropriate calibrations. This stresses the importance of thorough volcanic observations and measurements to correctly determine lava flow parameters for use in volcanic modelling and hazard assessments.
Role of CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway and miRNA expression profiles on polymorphonuclear mobilization in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Daniel Matthieu , Bernardin Faustine , Sennsfelder Laetitia , Payet Melissa , Vagner Damien , Kantor Elie , Weisse Flore , Verhille Juliette , Fernandes Elisabeth , Guihard Bertrand , Doray Bérénice , Bedoui Yosra , Raffray Loïc , Gasque Philippe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are actively recruited during COVID-19 and yet dysfunctions are associated with its prognosis. The PMN receptor CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1/CXCL12 are known to play a role in the recruitment of PMN. The primary objective was to evaluate the modulation of this pathway in COVID-19 patients and after treatment with dexamethasone (DXM). Secondary objectives were to evaluate miRNA expression profiles.
Material and Methods
We conducted a prospective study comparing patients admitted to the emergency department from December 2022 to April 2023 for SARS-CoV-2 infection with a control population. We studied the PMN surface expression of the CXCR4 receptor, circulating levels of SDF-1 and miR levels. Patients treated with dexamethasone (DXM) were sampled again at H48.
Results
Forty-four infected patients and 20 controls were analyzed. SDF-1 levels were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients and significantly decreased after treatment by DXM and CXCR4 + PMN percentages increased significantly. SDF-1 levels on admission were associated with the risk of mechanical ventilation. Levels of miR 15b-5p, miR 146a-5p, miR 155-5p and miR 30d-5p were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients. Levels of miR-hsa-122 on admission were found significantly associated with mortality and its variation with the need for mechanical ventilation.
Conclusions
Our study suggests a possible involvement of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in the physiopathogenesis of COVID-19.
Heart Failure Detection in Electrocardiograms Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ranjbar Arian , Stenhede Elias , Ravn Jesper , Schirmer Henrik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The diagnosis of heart failure (HF) is resource-intensive, requiring specialized personnel and equipment, which often leads to severe underdiagnosis. This study proposes the use of a machine learning model to detect HF in Electrocardiograms (ECGs), a commonly used tool in most healthcare settings. HF is known to have limited validity in diagnosis codes, limiting the viability of direct application of supervised learning. However, we hypothesize that validating diagnosis with measured levels of circulating N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), ameliorates the impact of label noise in a large dataset. We demonstrate the success of the labelling strategy by developing a neural network and prospectively validating it in a cohort comprising 43109 patients. The model significantly outperformed NT-proBNP in diagnostic accuracy (p = 7.5e-7), and is capable of detecting both HF with reduced ejection fraction (AUC=0.91) and preserved ejection fraction (AUC=0.68-0.89 depending on definition). To highlight the impact of underdiagnosis in evaluating the model, we conducted a small-scale retrospective clinical evaluation of the test set, including patients with ejection fraction >50% with no HF diagnosis and normal levels of NT-proBNP. In this subgroup, 24 out of the 30 patients with the highest model-predicted risk satisfied the diagnostic criteria for HFpEF. These combined findings demonstrate the model’s capability in finding HF independent of ejection fraction, and a potential for accessible diagnostics through AI-enhanced ECG analysis.
Nanoscale size effects in α-FAPbI3 evinced by large-scale ab initio simulations
Authors: Rothlisberger Ursula , Carnevali Virginia , Agosta Lorenzo , Slama Vladislav , Lempesis Nikolaos , Vezzosi Andrea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Formamidinium-lead-iodide (FAPbI3) has established itself as the state of the art for high solar-energy conversion efficiency in perovskite-based solar cells. FAPbI3 has a rich phase diagram, and it has been noted that long-range correlation between organic and lattice dipoles can influence phase transitions and, consequently, optoelectronic properties. In this regard, system size effects can play a crucial role for an appropriate theoretical description of FAPbI3. In this context, we perform a systematic study on the structural and electronic properties of the photoactive phase of FAPbI3 (α-FAPbI3) as a function of system size. Utilizing ab initio molecular dynamics at 300 K and first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the selection of the computational system/setup must satisfy three criteria concurrently to ensure an accurate theoretical description: the (correct) value of the band gap, the extent (or the absence of) structural distortions, and the zeroing out of the total dipole moment. We demonstrate that the net dipole moment vanishes as the system size increases due to PbI6 octahedra distortions rather than due to FA+ rotations. Additionally, we show that thermal band gap fluctuations are predominantly correlated with octahedral tilting. The optimal agreement between simulation results and experimental properties for FAPbI3 is only achieved by system sizes approaching the nanoscale.
Association of XPD Genetic Variations with Prostate Cancer Risk: Consolidated Results from 31 case-control studies
Authors: Narimani Nima , Atarod Mohammad Mehdi , Khosravi-Mashizi Mehdi , Maleki Hadi , Farshid Saman , Dastgheib Seyed Alireza , Alijanpour Abolhasan , Barahman Maedeh , Rahmani Amirhossein , Aghasipour Maryam , Aghili Kazem , Neamatzadeh Hossein 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
This study aims to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of existing literature to elucidate the associations between genetic variations in the XPD gene and the risk of prostate cancer development.
Methods
A systematic search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and CNKI, was executed up until January 1, 2025, to collect pertinent information. The search utilized relevant keywords and MeSH terms pertaining to prostate cancer and genetic factors. Inclusion criteria were established for original case-control, longitudinal, or cohort studies. Associations were assessed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) employing Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software.
Results
This review included 31 case-control studies featuring 11,632 prostate cancer cases and 14,661 healthy controls. The polymorphism rs13181 (Lys751Gln) was studied in 16 studies with 5,295 cases and 7,199 controls, rs1799793 (Asp312Asn) in 10 studies with 3,316 cases and 4,310 controls, and rs238406 (Arg156Arg) in five studies with 3,021 cases and 3,152 controls. Pooled analyses indicated a significant association between the XPD rs13181 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk across all genetic models assessed. However, both rs238406 and rs1799793 polymorphisms showed no overall association with prostate cancer risk. Subgroup analyses revealed a significant link between rs13181 and rs238406 polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk in Asian populations, with no such association found in Caucasian or African groups. Furthermore, rs1799793 did not show a significant association with prostate cancer when examined by ethnicity.
Conclusions
The analysis of polymorphisms XPD rs13181 and rs238406 shows that the rs13181 G allele is significantly associated with increased prostate cancer risk, particularly in the Asian population. The rs238406 polymorphism displays a marginal association in the overall population but significant risk among Asians. Conversely, the rs1799793 polymorphism does not show meaningful associations in any group. These findings indicate that genetic factors may influence prostate cancer risk, with varying associations across ethnicities.
A Rare Presentation of Intramedullary Spinal Neurosarcoidosis without Systemic Manifestations: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Assi Anas , Awwad Habeeb , Khaled Zaina , Sultan Riman , Owienah Haneen , Abulihya Mohand , Sweileh Thaer , Fayad Safwan , Karim Khalil , Kharousha Abdalwahab , Hussein Sami 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of uncertain etiology characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas affecting multiple organ systems. While pulmonary and lymphatic involvement commonly occur and aid in diagnosis, central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare, occurring in only 3–10% of cases. Intramedullary spinal neurosarcoidosis (NS) is extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of all cases, and presents substantial diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific clinical and radiological features, which can mimic a range of other spinal cord disorders. Unlike systemic sarcoidosis, NS may manifest mainly as a neurological condition without systemic symptoms, complicating its identification and management.
Case Presentation:
A 35-year-old male presented with progressive lower limb weakness and neuropathic pain. Initial imaging suggested a diagnosis of transverse myelitis, but further investigation and evaluation revealed an intramedullary lesion at the T6–T8 level. Surgical removal of the lesion was performed, and a biopsy was performed, confirming the diagnosis of intramedullary spinal NS. The patient subsequently started receiving corticosteroid therapy and long-term immunosuppression, which resulted in partial recovery.
Conclusion
This case demonstrates the challenges in detecting patients with intramedullary spinal NS, particularly in the absence of systemic symptoms. Advanced imaging, histopathological evaluation, and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for precise diagnosis and effective treatment. These findings emphasize the need for personalized therapeutic strategies when addressing such uncommon presentations and challenges, contributing to the expanding body of literature on intramedullary spinal NS.
Efficient Cell-centered Nodal Integral Method for Multi-dimensional Burgers’ Equations
Authors: Ahmed Nadeem , Bharti Ram Prakash , Singh Suneet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

An efficient coarse-mesh nodal integral method (NIM), based on cell-centered variables and referred to as cell-centered NIM (CCNIM), is developed and applied for solving multi-dimensional, time-dependent, Burgers’ equations. Unlike traditional NIM, which utilizes surface-averaged variables as discrete unknowns, this innovative approach formulates the final expression of the numerical scheme using discrete unknowns represented by cell-centered or node-averaged variables. By relying on these cell centroids, the proposed CCNIM approach presents several advantages compared to traditional NIM. These include a simplified implementation process in terms of local coordinate systems, enhanced flexibility regarding the higher order of accuracy in time, straightforward formulation for higher-degree temporal derivatives, and offering a viable option for coupling with other physics. The multidimensional time-dependent Burgers’ problems with known analytical solutions are solved in order to validate the developed scheme. Furthermore, a detailed comparison between the proposed CCNIM approach and other traditional NIM schemes is conducted to showcase its effectiveness. The simplicity and robustness of the approach provide a strong foundation for its seamless extension to more complex fluid flow problems.
Genetic Analysis of Factor VIII Gene Polymorphisms in Indian Populations for Hemophilia A Carrier Screening
Authors: Hemaliya Chanda , Meena Lalit Prashant , Kumar Ajeet , Ali Akhtar , Singh Arun Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
A deficiency of factor VIII (FVIII) and factor IX (FIX) causes hemophilia A (HA) and hemophilia B (HB), respectively. This X-linked recessive disorder involves mutations in the F8 gene at Xq28 for HA and at Xq27 for HB on the X chromosome. These disorders, which cause complications with coagulation and prolonged bleeding, primarily affect men. Hemophilia A is responsible for around 80% of all cases. The allele frequencies of three FVIII gene-linked markers—IVS7 nt 27 G/A SNP, Bcl-I/intron 18, and Hind-III/intron 19—were assessed using ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) primers in 276 Indian women from unrelated families.
Objective
The most feasible way to find carriers in underdeveloped nations is to use indirect linkage analysis to discover a defective X chromosome.
Method
Using restriction fragment length polymorphism and polymerase chain reaction, 276 individuals from 203 families with male hemophilia A patients and 276 normal participants were enrolled in Sir Sunderlal Hospital Varanasi. The participants were evaluated for the intron 18 Bcl-I, intron 19 Hind-III, and IVS7 nt 27 SNP markers.
Results
The Bcl-I, Hind-III, and IVS7 genes were heterozygous in 54%, 39%, and 13% of the women under study, respectively. The IVS7 nt 27 "G"/"A" allele, Bcl-I "T"/"A" allele, and Hind-III "C"/"T" allele had corresponding allele frequencies of 0.87/0.13, 0.47/0.53, and 0.62/0.38 in healthy women. By utilizing the Bcl-I, Hind-III, and IVS7 markers, the informativeness of the families was 57%, 45%, and 16%, respectively. The combined informativeness of these polymorphic sites is 67%.
Conclusion
The present research shows that the IVS7-SNP, Bcl-I, and Hind-III markers can diagnose HA carriers in the Indian population.
Enhancing Practical Design Skills Using AI-Powered Graphic Design Platforms: A Pedagogical Framework for Beginner Learners.
Authors: Osei-Wusu Franco , Asante George , Yeboah Donald , Muntaka Siddique Abubakr , Sarfo Elvis Antwi , Azameti Charles Yao , Adotey Alexandra 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into graphic design education has gained attention as a means to simplify skill acquisition for beginners. Traditional graphic design tools often present steep learning curves, making it difficult for novice learners to acquire practical skills without extensive technical expertise. This paper proposes the IIH-AILP Model, a structured pedagogical framework designed to leverage AI-powered platforms such as Canva and Adobe Firefly to improve accessibility, inclusivity, and efficiency in graphic design education. The methodology employs a 12-week intervention with a mix of sequential and integrated components, including pre- and post-assessments, modular learning, skill progression, gamified engagement, and comparative evaluations. Participants’ design abilities were assessed across creativity, task completion time, and learning curve improvements using carefully designed evaluation metrics. The results demonstrate that the IIH-AILP model significantly reduces the learning curve, enhances creativity, and improves task efficiency, confirming the potential of AI-powered graphic design platforms to streamline education for beginners with little to no technical expertise.
MÍDIA, JUVENTUDE E SUICÍDIO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A COBERTURA DA MORTE AUTOPROVOCADA DURANTE O SETEMBRO AMARELO
Authors: Martins Manuela Lucena Santos , Mendes Larissa de Morais Ribeiro 
Published: January 2025

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa de iniciação científica, mapeando como a campanha Setembro Amarelo, de sensibilização ao suicídio, influi sobre o noticiário no que diz respeito à morte autoprovocada na mídia, em setembro de 2023. Com o suporte da metodologia da análise de conteúdo, observou-se que, na comparação entre jornais nativos digitais (Terra e Metrópoles) e tradicionais (Folha de S. Paulo e O Globo), os segundos apresentaram maior volume de conteúdos responsáveis, alinhados às diretrizes da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). O Portal Terra foi o que mais publicou conteúdo de apoio.
Palavras-chave: jornalismo; suicídio; campanha Setembro Amarelo.
Abstract
This article presents the results of scientific initiation research that sought to map how the Yellow September campaign, to raise awareness about suicide, influenced the news regarding self-inflicted death in the media, in September 2023. With the support of the analysis methodology of content, we observed that, in the comparison between native digital newspapers (Terra and Metrópoles) and traditional newspapers (Folha de S. Paulo and O Globo), the latter presented a greater volume of responsible content, aligned with the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Portal Terra was the one that published the most supporting content.
Keywords: journalism; suicide; Yellow September campaign
Resumen
Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación de iniciación científica, mapeando cómo la campaña Septiembre Amarillo, de sensibilización al suicidio, influyó en las noticias respecto a la muerte autoprovocada en los medios, en septiembre de 2023. Con el apoyo de la metodología del análisis de contenido, se observó que, en la comparación entre periódicos nativos digitales (Terra y Metrópoles) y tradicionales (Folha de S. Paulo y O Globo), los segundos presentaron mayor volumen de contenidos responsables, según las directrices de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). El portal Terra fue el que más publicó contenido de apoyo.
Palabras clave: periodismo; suicidio; campaña Septiembre Amarillo.
Unveiling Sociocultural Barriers to Breast Cancer Awareness Among the South Asian Population: Case Study of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India
Authors: Hamid Fahmida , Roy Tania 
Published: January 2025

Background
Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, are 2 densely populated South Asian neighboring regions with many socioeconomic and cultural similarities. In dealing with breast cancer (BC)–related issues, statistics show that people from these regions are having similar problems and fates. According to the Global Cancer Statistics 2020 and 2012 reports, for BC (particularly female BC), the age-standardized incidence rate is approximately 22 to 25 per 100,000 people, and the age-standardized mortality rate is approximately 11 to 13 per 100,000 for these areas. In Bangladesh, approximately 90% of patients are at stages III or IV, compared with 60% in India. For the broader South Asian population, this figure is 16%, while it is 11% in the United States and the United Kingdom. These statistics highlight the need for an urgent investigation into the reasons behind these regions’ late diagnoses and treatment.

Objective
Early detection is essential for managing BC and reducing its impact on individuals. However, raising awareness in diverse societies is challenging due to differing cultural norms and socioeconomic conditions. We aimed to interview residents to identify barriers to BC awareness in specific regions.

Methods
We conducted semistructured interviews with 17 participants from West Bengal and Bangladesh through Zoom (Zoom Video Communications). These were later transcribed and translated into English for qualitative data analysis. All our participants were older than 18 years, primarily identified as female, and most were married.

Results
We have identified 20 significant barriers to effective BC care across 5 levels—individual, family, local society, health care system, and country or region. Key obstacles include neglect of early symptoms, reluctance to communicate, societal stigma, financial fears, uncertainty about treatment costs, inadequate mental health support, and lack of comprehensive health insurance. To address these issues, we recommend context-specific solutions such as integrating BC education into middle and high-school curricula, providing updates through media channels like talk shows and podcasts, promoting family health budgeting, enhancing communication at cultural events and religious gatherings, offering installment payment plans from health care providers, encouraging regular self-examination, and organizing statewide awareness campaigns. In addition, social media can be a powerful tool for raising mass awareness while respecting cultural and socioeconomic norms.

Conclusions
Fighting BC or any fatal disease is challenging and requires support from various dimensions. However, studies show that raising mass awareness is crucial for the early detection of BC. By adopting a sensitive and well-informed approach, we aim to improve the early detection of BC and help reduce its impact on South Asian communities.
Virtual Reality–Based Psychological Intervention for Young Adults Living With HIV: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Hanxi , Han Jing , Su Ye , Zhao Hongxin , Zhang Fujie 
Published: January 2025

Background
Young adults (15-24 years old) living with HIV may experience pressure both from HIV infection and social role change problems, resulting in a series of psychological problems such as depression and anxiety. Effective psychological intervention can improve their mental health and quality of life.

Objective
The study aims to explore the effectiveness of VR-based mental intervention on young adults living with HIV. The application and advantages of virtual reality (VR) in children’s psychotherapy provide new ideas for psychological intervention for young adults living with HIV.

Methods
We use the qualitative interviews and questionnaire results as well as guided by classical psychotherapy to create a personalized psychological intervention system for young adults living with HIV through VR technology, which is based on the long-term AIDS treatment cohort and infectious diseases cohort of children. We use the mental scales and biochemical indexes as the outcomes, conducting a prospective randomized controlled trial to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the VR psychological intervention system.

Results
The study began enrollment in September 2023. To date, 160 participants have finished the baseline questionnaires.

Conclusions
The study results might provide a scientific basis for accurate psychological treatment among young adults living with HIV in the future.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/55633