bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commercial activities of the enterprise: analysis and evaluation system
Authors: Semenenko Olena , Doskach Oleksandr 
Published: February 2023

The article presents a structural model of the system of analysis and evaluation of the enterprise's commercial activity. The subject of the study is a set of theoretical and methodological principles and applied aspects of modeling the process of analysis and evaluation of the enterprise's commercial activity. The purpose of the work is to justify the structural model of analysis and evaluation of commercial activity on the example of a wholesale trade enterprise. The methodological basis of the article. To achieve the goal and solve the tasks set in the research, a complex of general scientific and applied research methods was used: the method of analysis and synthesis, modeling, analytical planning and forecasting, the rating method, economic and mathematical methods, statistical methods. Work results. The scientific-methodical principles and practical tools for organizing and conducting control, analysis and evaluation of commercial activity in the system of economic activity of enterprises have been summarized and systematized. A structural and logical model of the analysis and evaluation system of the enterprise's commercial activity has been developed. Based on the calculation of generalized indicators of the analysis and scenarios of the future development of the commercial activity of the wholesale trade enterprise, the conclusions and recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the commercial activity of this enterprise are substantiated. Field of application of results. The theoretical provisions presented in the article made it possible to formulate proposals of a scientific and practical nature regarding the application of the model of the system of analysis and evaluation of the commercial activity of enterprises in the process of optimizing their economic activity. Conclusions. The management of economic activity is inextricably linked with the system of commercial activity and with the system of its analysis and control, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the commercial activity of the enterprise. The presented model of the system of analysis and assessment of commercial activity allows, on the basis of simple calculations, according to the proposed algorithm, to assess the state of commercial activity and directions for its optimization in the system of strategic planning and forecasting of enterprises.
Clinicopathological and imaging features of ductal carcinoma in situ in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers
Authors: Seki Akina , Tsunoda Hiroko , Takei Junko , Suzuki Misato , Kanomata Naoki , Yamauchi Hideko 
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND: BRCA1/2-associated invasive breast cancer has been extensively studied. However, there are few reports of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological and imaging findings of DCIS in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations. METHODS: This was a single-institution, retrospective study. We identified patients diagnosed with DCIS with BRCA mutations between September 2003 and December 2020. Clinicopathological data and mammography (MG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) findings were reviewed. RESULTS: We identified 30 cancers in 28 patients; 7 (25.0%) patients had BRCA1 mutations, and 21 (75.0%) had BRCA2 mutations. The median patient age was 42 years. Screening was the most common reason for the detection of DCIS (50.0%), followed by occult cancer diagnosed by pathological examination after risk-reducing mastectomy (26.7%). The nuclear grade was most often 1 (46.7%), and 93.3% were estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive. The detection rates of MG, MRI, and US were 64.3%, 72.0%, and 64.0%, respectively. The most common imaging findings were calcification (100%) on MG, non-mass enhancement (88.9%) on MRI, and hypoechoic area (75.0%) on US. CONCLUSION: BRCA-associated DCIS was more strongly associated with BRCA2, and imaging features were similar to those of sporadic DCIS. Our results are helpful in informing surveillance strategies based on genotypes in women with BRCA mutations.
LEMBAGA KEUANGAN ISLAM NON BANK
Authors: Syamsuir Syamsuir 
Published: February 2023

Islamic financial Institutions is an important instrument in the development of Islamic economy, where societys or countries can not ignore the need to establish institutions. As from 1991, the existence of financial institutions Shari'ah Indonesia such Islamic bank (BMI and BPRS) is as an alternative to banking institutions that are free from the practice of development money. Similar practices is followed by the Shari'ah nonbank financial institutions like shariah BMT, Takaful insurance, Shariah saving and loan Unit (USPS) and cooperative Boarding (Kopotren). Cooperative is a form of Islamic teaching experience which has a principle of helping, cooperation, mutual help and mutual needs among members, therefore, the cooperative is in accordance with the teachings of Islam in order to improve the welfare of society. Understanding between insurance Shari'ah with conventional insurance is not much different, except that the difference lies in the operation, because the Shari'ah insurance is based on the operational principles of the Shari'ah of Islam with reference to the Qur'an and Sunnah. On the other hand, insurance Shari'ah known as takaful is a cooperative effort of mutual protection and help among members of the public in the face of catastrophe and disaster Lembaga keuangan syari’ah merupakan instrumen penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi Islam, dimana masyarakat atau negara tidak dapat mengabaikan kepentingan untuk mendirikan lembagalembaganya. Terhitung sejak tahun 1991, keberadaan lembaga-lembaga keuangan syari’ah Indonesia sejnis bank syari’ah (BMI dan BPRS) sebagai lembaga perbankan alternatif yang bebas dari praktek pembangunan uang. Praktek serupa diikuti pula oleh lembaga keuangan syari’ah non bank syaria’ah sejenis BMT, Asuransi Takaful, Unit Simpan Pinjam Syari’ah (USPS) dan koperasi Pondok Pesantren (Kopotren).Koperasi merupakan salah satu bentuk pengalaman ajaran Islam yang memiliki prinsip tolong menolong, kerjasama, saling membantu, serta saling memenuhi kebutuhan diantara sesama anggota, oleh karena itu koperasi sangat sesuai dengan ajaran Islam dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Pengertian antara asuransi syari’ah dengan asuransi konvensional tidak jauh berbeda, hanya saja perbedaan itu terletak pada operasionalnya, karena asuransi syari’ah adalah asuransi yang prinsip operasionalnya didasarkan pada syari’at Islam dengan mengacu pada Al-Qur’an dan Sunnah.Di sisi lain, asuransi syari’ah yang dikenal dengan istilah takaful merupakan usaha kerja sama saling melindungi dan menolong antara anggota masyarakat dalam menghadapi malapetaka dan bencana.
Circulatory proteins relate cardiovascular disease to cognitive performance: A mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Huang Jian , Gill Dipender , Zuber Verena , Matthews Paul M. , Elliott Paul , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Dehghan Abbas 
Published: February 2023

Background and objectives: Mechanistic research suggests synergistic effects of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dementia pathologies on cognitive decline. Interventions targeting proteins relevant to shared mechanisms underlying CVD and dementia could also be used for the prevention of cognitive impairment.Methods: We applied Mendelian randomisation (MR) and colocalization analysis to investigate the causal relationships of 90 CVD-related proteins measured by the Olink CVD I panel with cognitive traits. Genetic instruments for circulatory protein concentrations were obtained using a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the SCALLOP consortium (N = 17,747) based on three sets of criteria: 1) protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL); 2) cis-pQTL (pQTL within ±500 kb from the coding gene); and 3) brain-specific cis-expression QTL (cis-eQTL) which accounts for coding gene expression based on GTEx8. Genetic associations of cognitive performance were obtained from GWAS for either: 1) general cognitive function constructed using Principal Component Analysis (N = 300,486); or, 2) g Factor constructed using genomic structural equation modelling (N = 11,263–331,679). Findings for candidate causal proteins were replicated using a separate protein GWAS in Icelanders (N = 35,559).Results: A higher concentration of genetically predicted circulatory myeloperoxidase (MPO) was nominally associated with better cognitive performance (p &lt; 0.05) using different selection criteria for genetic instruments. Particularly, brain-specific cis-eQTL predicted MPO, which accounts for protein-coding gene expression in brain tissues, was associated with general cognitive function (βWald = 0.22, PWald = 2.4 × 10−4). The posterior probability for colocalization (PP.H4) of MPO pQTL with the g Factor was 0.577. Findings for MPO were replicated using the Icelandic GWAS. Although we did not find evidence for colocalization, we found that higher genetically predicted concentrations of cathepsin D and CD40 were associated with better cognitive performance and a higher genetically predicted concentration of CSF-1 was associated with poorer cognitive performance.Conclusion: We conclude that these proteins are involved in shared pathways between CVD and those for cognitive reserve or affecting cognitive decline, suggesting therapeutic targets able to reduce genetic risks conferred by cardiovascular disease.
Clinicopathological features, therapeutic options, and significance of CD103 expression in 15 patients with follicular mucinosis
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Wang Yanqing , Zhou Hongyu , Wang Ping , Zhu Mengyan , Li Liuyu , Shen Hong 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundFollicular mucinosis (FM) is generally divided into a primary benign idiopathic form and a secondary form associated with mycosis fungoides.ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical and pathological features of FM and explore the pathological significance of CD103 expression.MethodsIn this case series, we retrospective analysis the clinical, pathological, treatment and follow-up treatment of 15 cases of FM. The expression of CD103 in all cases was detected by immunohistochemistry.ResultA total of 15 patients were enrolled, 7 were primary follicular mucinosis (P-FM) and 8 were mycosis fungoides-associated follicular mucinosis (MF-FM). Lesions of both P-FM and MF-FM are difficult to distinguish, present with red or dark red plaques and follicular papules. Pathologically, MF-FM showed more significant infiltrates of folliculotropic lymphoid cells, and the amount and proportion of CD103+ cells were significantly higher than that in P-FM. Follow-up data were available for 13 patients. Three cases were resolved after surgical resection, two patients were marked improved after oral administration of hydroxychloroquine and three times ALA photodynamic therapy respectively. The rest patients showed only modest efficacy.ConclusionFM should be differentiated based on pathological characteristics and treatment response, CD103 is helpful in differential diagnosis of FM.
Age-related ultrastructural changes in spheroids of the adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from ovariectomized mice
Authors: Kyryk Vitalii , Tsupykov Oleg , Ustymenko Alina , Smozhanik Ekaterina , Govbakh Iryna , Butenko Gennadii , Skibo Galyna 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) are widely used for cell therapy, in particular for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system. An important issue is to predict the effectiveness and safety of such cell transplants, considering disorders of adipose tissue under age-related dysfunction of sex hormones production. The study aimed to investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of 3D spheroids formed by ADSCs of ovariectomized mice of different ages compared to age-matched controls.Methods: ADSCs were obtained from female CBA/Ca mice randomly divided into four groups: CtrlY—control young (2 months) mice, CtrlO—control old (14 months) mice, OVxY—ovariectomized young mice, and OVxO—ovariectomized old mice of the same age. 3D spheroids were formed by micromass technique for 12–14 days and their ultrastructural characteristics were estimated by transmission electron microscopy.Results and Discussion: The electron microscopy analysis of spheroids from CtrlY animals revealed that ADSCs formed a culture of more or less homogeneous in size multicellular structures. The cytoplasm of these ADSCs had a granular appearance due to being rich in free ribosomes and polysomes, indicating active protein synthesis. Extended electron-dense mitochondria with a regular cristae structure and a predominant condensed matrix were observed in ADSCs from CtrlY group, which could indicate high respiratory activity. At the same time, ADSCs from CtrlO group formed a culture of heterogeneous in size spheroids. In ADSCs from CtrlO group, the mitochondrial population was heterogeneous, a significant part was represented by more round structures. This may indicate an increase in mitochondrial fission and/or an impairment of the fusion. Significantly fewer polysomes were observed in the cytoplasm of ADSCs from CtrlO group, indicating low protein synthetic activity. The cytoplasm of ADSCs in spheroids from old mice had significantly increased amounts of lipid droplets compared to cells obtained from young animals. Also, an increase in the number of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of ADSCs was observed in both the group of young and old ovariectomized mice compared with control animals of the same age. Together, our data indicate the negative impact of aging on the ultrastructural characteristics of 3D spheroids formed by ADSCs. Our findings are particularly promising in the context of potential therapeutic applications of ADSCs for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system.
Integrative genetic and single cell RNA sequencing analysis provides new clues to the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis neurodegeneration
Authors: Liu Hankui , Guan Liping , Deng Min , Bolund Lars , Kristiansen Karsten , Zhang Jianguo , Luo Yonglun , Zhang Zhanchi 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe gradual loss of motor neurons (MNs) in the brain and spinal cord is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in ALS are still not fully understood.MethodsBased on 75 ALS-pathogenicity/susceptibility genes and large-scale single-cell transcriptomes of human/mouse brain/spinal cord/muscle tissues, we performed an expression enrichment analysis to identify cells involved in ALS pathogenesis. Subsequently, we created a strictness measure to estimate the dosage requirement of ALS-related genes in linked cell types.ResultsRemarkably, expression enrichment analysis showed that α- and γ-MNs, respectively, are associated with ALS-susceptibility genes and ALS-pathogenicity genes, revealing differences in biological processes between sporadic and familial ALS. In MNs, ALS-susceptibility genes exhibited high strictness, as well as the ALS-pathogenicity genes with known loss of function mechanism, indicating the main characteristic of ALS-susceptibility genes is dosage-sensitive and the loss of function mechanism of these genes may involve in sporadic ALS. In contrast, ALS-pathogenicity genes with gain of function mechanism exhibited low strictness. The significant difference of strictness between loss of function genes and gain of function genes provided a priori understanding for the pathogenesis of novel genes without an animal model. Besides MNs, we observed no statistical evidence for an association between muscle cells and ALS-related genes. This result may provide insight into the etiology that ALS is not within the domain of neuromuscular diseases. Moreover, we showed several cell types linked to other neurological diseases [i.e., spinocerebellar ataxia (SA), hereditary motor neuropathies (HMN)] and neuromuscular diseases [i.e. hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)], including an association between Purkinje cells in brain and SA, an association between α-MNs in spinal cord and SA, an association between smooth muscle cells and SA, an association between oligodendrocyte and HMN, a suggestive association between γ-MNs and HMN, a suggestive association between mature skeletal muscle and HMN, an association between oligodendrocyte in brain and SPG, and no statistical evidence for an association between cell type and SMA.DiscussionThese cellular similarities and differences deepened our understanding of the heterogeneous cellular basis of ALS, SA, HMN, SPG, and SMA.
RETRACTED: The efficacy and adverse effects of anlotinib in the treatment of high-grade glioma: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Shen Fangcheng , Li Jing , Liu Feng , Sun Ni , Qiu XiangNan , Ding Wei , Sun XiangDong 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionAnlotinib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor, was found to improve progression-free survival (PFS) in brain metastases.MethodsThis paper retrospectively analyzed 26 newly diagnosed or recurrent high-grade gliomas from 2017 to 2022, and the patients received oral anlotinib during concurrent postoperative chemoradiotherapy or after recurrence. Efficacy was evaluated according to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria, and the main study endpoints were PFS at 6 months and overall survival (OS) at 1 year.ResultsAfter the follow-up, until May 2022, 13 patients survived and 13 patients died, with a median follow-up time of 25.6 months. The disease control rate (DCR) was 96.2% (25/26), and the overall response rate (ORR) rate was 73.1% (19/26). The median PFS after oral anlotinib was 8.9 months (0.8–15.1), and the PFS at 6 months was 72.5%. The median OS after oral anlotinib was 12 months (1.6–24.4), and the OS at 12 months was 42.6%. Anlotinib-related toxicities were observed in 11 patients, mostly grades 1–2. In the multivariate analysis, patients with Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) above 80 had a highermedian PFS of 9.9months (p = 0.02), and their sex, age, IDH mutation, MGMTmethylation, and whether anlotinib was combined with chemoradiotherapy or maintenance treatment had no effect on PFS.ConclusionWe found that anlotinib combined with chemoradiotherapy in treating high-grade central nervous system (CNS) tumors can prolong PFS and OS and that it was safe.
Global, regional, and national burden of multiple sclerosis from 1990 to 2019: Findings of global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Qian Zhen , Li Yuancun , Guan Zhiqiang , Guo Pi , Zheng Ke , Du Yali , Yin Shengjie , Chen Binyao , Wang Hongxi , Jiang Jiao , Qiu Kunliang , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe global rising prevalence and incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported during the past decades. However, details regarding the evolution of MS burden have not been fully studied. This study aimed to investigate the global, regional, and national burden and temporal trends in MS incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019 using the age-period-cohort analysis.MethodsWe performed a secondary comprehensive analysis of incidence, deaths, and DALYs of MS by calculating the estimated annual percentage change from 1990 to 2019 obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study. The independent age, period, and birth cohort effects were evaluated by an age-period-cohort model.ResultsIn 2019, there were 59,345 incident MS cases and 22,439 MS deaths worldwide. The global number of incidences, deaths, and DALYs of MS followed an upward trend, whereas the age-standardized rates (ASR) slightly declined from 1990 to 2019. High socio-demographic index (SDI) regions had the highest ASR of incidences, deaths, and DALYs in 2019, while the rate of deaths and DALYs in medium SDI regions are the lowest. Six regions which include high-income North America, Western Europe, Australasia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe had higher ASR of incidences, deaths, and DALYs than other regions in 2019. The age effect showed that the relative risks (RRs) of incidence and DALYs reached the peak at ages 30–39 and 50–59, respectively. The period effect showed that the RRs of deaths and DALYs increased with the period. The cohort effect showed that the later cohort has lower RRs of deaths and DALYs than the early cohort.ConclusionThe global cases of incidence, deaths, and DALYs of MS have all increased, whereas ASR has declined, with different trends in different regions. High SDI regions such as European countries have a substantial burden of MS. There are significant age effects for incidence, deaths, and DALYs of MS globally, and period effects and cohort effects for deaths and DALYs.
Downsizing of rectal cancer following neoadjuvant radiotherapy (5 × 5 Gy) and long interval surgery evaluated using MRI semiautomated volumetric measurements, a retrospective study
Authors: Albrecht Hendrik Christian , Wagner Sophie , Sandbrink Christoph , Gretschel Stephan 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionNeoadjuvant conventional chemoradiation (CRT) is the standard treatment for primary locally non-curatively resectable rectal cancer, as tumor downsizing may allow R0 resectability. Short-term neoadjuvant radiotherapy (5x5 Gy) followed by an interval before surgery (SRT- delay) is an alternative for multimorbid patients who cannot tolerate CRT. This study examined the extent of tumor downsizing achieved with the SRT-delay approach in a limited cohort that underwent complete re-staging before surgery.MethodsBetween March 2018 and July 2021, 26 patients with locally advanced primary adenocarcinoma (&gt;uT3 or/and N+) of the rectum were treated with SRT-delay. 22 patients underwent initial staging and complete re-staging (CT, endoscopy, MRI). Tumor downsizing was assessed by staging and re-staging data and pathologic findings. Semiautomated measurement of tumor volume was performed using mint Lesion™ 1.8 software to evaluate tumor regression.ResultsThe mean tumor diameter determined on sagittal T2 MRI images decreased significantly from 54.1 (23–78) mm at initial staging to 37.9 (18–65) mm at re-staging before surgery (p &lt;0.001) and to 25.5 (7–58) mm at pathologic examination (p &lt;0.001). This corresponds to a mean reduction in tumor diameter of 28.9 (4.3–60.7) % at re-staging and 51.1 (8.7–86.5) % at pathology. Mean tumor volume determined from transverse T2 MR images mint LesionTM 1.8 software significantly decreased from 27.5 (9.8 – 89.6) cm3 at initial staging to 13.1 (3.7 – 32.8) cm3 at re-staging (p &lt;0.001), corresponding to a mean reduction of 50.8 (21.6 – 77) %. The frequency of positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) (less than 1mm) decreased from 45,5 % (10 patients) at initial staging to 18,2 % (4 patients) at re-staging. On pathologic examination, the CRM was negative in all cases. However, multivisceral resection for T4 tumors was required in 2 patients (9%). Tumor downstaging was noted in 15 of 22 patients after SRT-delay.ConclusionIn conclusion, the observed extent of downsizing is broadly comparable to the results of CRT, making SRT-delay a serious alternative for patients who cannot tolerate chemotherapy.