bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignant Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract After Blood or Marrow Transplant
Authors: McDonald Andrew , Dai Chen , Meng Qingrui , Hageman Lindsey , Richman Joshua , Wu Jessica , Francisco Liton , Ross Elizabeth , Balas Nora , Bosworth Alysia , Te Hok Sreng , Wong F. Lennie , Landier Wendy , Salzman Donna , Bhatia Ravi , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Forman Stephen J. , Armenian Saro H. , Bhatia Smita 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceSurvivors of blood or marrow transplant (BMT) are at increased risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs). Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) system are of special interest because their clinical behavior is often aggressive, necessitating early detection by increasing awareness of high-risk populations.ObjectiveTo describe the risk of SMNs in the GI tract after BMT.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cohort study of 6710 individuals who lived at least 2 years after BMT performed between January 1, 1974, and December 31, 2014, at City of Hope, University of Minnesota, or University of Alabama at Birmingham. End of follow-up was March 23, 2020. Data analysis was performed between September 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022.ExposuresDemographic and clinical factors; therapeutic exposures before or as part of BMT.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDevelopment of SMNs in the GI tract after BMT. Participants self-reported SMNs in the GI tract; these were confirmed with pathology reports, medical records, or both. For deceased patients, death records were used. Standardized incidence ratios determined excess risk of SMNs in the GI tract compared with that of the general population. Fine-Gray proportional subdistribution hazard models assessed the association between risk factors and SMNs in the GI tract.ResultsThe cohort of 6710 individuals included 3444 (51.3%) autologous and 3266 (48.7%) allogeneic BMT recipients. A total of 3917 individuals (58.4%) were male, and the median age at BMT was 46 years (range, 0-78 years). After 62 479 person-years of follow-up, 148 patients developed SMNs in the GI tract. The standardized incidence ratios for developing specific SMNs ranged from 2.1 for colorectal cancer (95% CI, 1.6-2.8; P &amp;lt; .001) to 7.8 for esophageal cancer (95% CI, 5.0-11.6; P &amp;lt; .001). Exposure to cytarabine for conditioning (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5-6.6) was associated with subsequent colorectal cancer. Compared with autologous BMT recipients, allogeneic BMT recipients with chronic graft-vs-host disease were at increased risk for esophageal cancer (SHR, 9.9; 95% CI, 3.2-30.5). Conditioning with etoposide (SHR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5) and pre-BMT anthracycline exposure (SHR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.3-23.4) were associated with an increased risk of liver cancer compared with no exposure to the respective agents.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study are relevant for oncologists and nononcologists who care for the growing number of survivors of transplant. Awareness of subgroups of survivors of BMT at high risk for specific types of SMNs in the GI tract may influence recommendations regarding modifiable risk factors, as well as individualized screening.
Low‐Density Multilayer Graphdiyne Film with Excellent Energy Dissipation Capability under Micro‐Ballistic Impact
Authors: Xiao Kailu , Jin Weiyue , Liu Huibiao , Huang Chenguang , Li Yuliang , Wu Xianqian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDynamical performance of multilayer graphdiyne (MLGDY) with ultra‐low density and flexible features is investigated using laser‐induced micro‐projectile impact testing (LIPIT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results reveal that the MLGDY exhibits excellent dynamic energy dissipation ability mainly due to the excellent in‐plane wave velocity resulting from the diacetylene linkages between benzene rings. In addition, the unique multiple crack tips and their propagation further promote the energy dissipation capability. The energy dissipation capability of the MLGDY is found to reduce with increasing thickness due to compression‐shear induced failure of several upper layers of relatively thick MLGDY, which hinders delocalized energy dissipation ability. Moreover, the impact resistance force of the MLGDY increases almost linearly with increasing impact velocity, demonstrating the applicability of the traditional compressive resistance theory of laminates for MLGDY. Based on the experimental observation and the simulation results, two feasible strategies, i.e., combining with high‐strength multi‐layer graphene and rotated graphdiyne (GDY) interlayer to avoid stacking of sp‐hybridized carbon atoms, are proposed to further improve the impact resistance of the MLGDY. The study provides direct proof of excellent impact resistance of the versatile MLGDY and proposes feasible fabrication strategies to further improve the anti‐ballistic performance in future.
Rational Design of Electrode Materials for Advanced Supercapacitors: From Lab Research to Commercialization
Authors: Huang Jun , Xie Yuanpeng , You Yang , Yuan Jili , Xu Qinqin , Xie Haibo , Chen Yiwang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSupercapacitors can harvest electrical energy from intermittent sources and transfer it quickly, but their specific energy must be raised if they are applied to efficiently power wearable and flexible electronics, as well as larger equipment. However, the remaining big gap between the lab research and practical applications seriously hinders the further progress of advanced supercapacitors, especially for electrode materials. Consequently, from a commercial/usable perspective, a clear guideline from lab research to commercialization is highly desired for bringing advanced supercapacitors from basic research into reality. This review focuses on the key factors of advanced supercapacitors from lab research to commercialization and summarizes recent progress in the field of supercapacitors as well as outlines key perspectives for future research. First, the several energy storage mechanisms are illustrated for building better supercapacitors. Then, the up‐to‐date key achievements and progresses of smart methods toward high‐energy supercapacitors and effective strategies for commercial‐level mass‐loading as well as high packing density electrodes are summarized and commented upon. Also, integrated systems of supercapacitors and application fields of commercial supercapacitors are also highlighted. Subsequently, future research directions are presented here to guide research toward the commercialization of advanced supercapacitors.
Highly Transparent and Mechanically Robust Energy‐harvestable Piezocomposite with Embedded 1D P(VDF‐TrFE) Nanofibers and Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kim Kiyong , Lee Sangsu , Nam Jeong‐Seok , Joo Minkyeong , Mikladal Bjørn , Zhang Qiang , Kauppinen Esko I. , Jeon Il , An Seongpil 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerein, highly transparent, flexible, and ultrathin piezocomposite, in which electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] nanofibers (NFs) and aerosol‐synthesized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are embedded in elastomer matrix, is fabricated. The P(VDF‐TrFE) NF mat is exploited as a piezoelectric layer of the piezocomposite while the SWCNT film is applied as a transparent conductive electrode thereof. The use of these 1D nanomaterials allows the piezocomposite not only to be high transparency along with low diffusion of light (i.e., haze factor) but also to exhibit enhanced mechanical properties. In addition, the coupling effect of piezo‐ and flexoelectricity exhibited from the electrospun NFs and the acid‐doping effect conducted on the SWCNTs facilitates a significant improvement in kinetic energy‐harvesting performance, leading to a maximum output voltage of 26.8 V. Moreover, electrospinning and aerosol chemical vapor deposition methods employed here are facile, scalable, and cost‐effective, thus are expected to accelerate the development of industrially feasible next‐generation wearable electronics.
Highly Flexible Infrared Emitter with Spatially Controlled Emissivity for Optical Security
Authors: Kang Dongkyun , Kim Yeongseon , Kim Chanhee , Lee Myeongkyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEngineering the infrared (IR) emissivity of a material or structure is crucial for a variety of fields, including thermal camouflage, radiative cooling, personal thermal management, and optical security. For practical and wide‐spread use, the emitter should possess high mechanical flexibility while maintaining the capabilities of space‐selectively and dynamically controlling its emissivity. In this paper, an optical resonator consisting of a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) layer on top of a thin metal reflector stationed on a flexible substrate is presented as an IR emitter that satisfies the aforementioned requirements. A laser‐induced phase change from amorphous to crystalline GST enables dynamic tuning of the local emissivity of the resonator. This study illustrates that although GST is a brittle material, the emitters fabricated on plastic and paper substrates are highly robust against bending up to a radius of curvature of 0.5 cm. Moreover, visible light and IR images can be independently recorded in the same region by employing a spatially modulated laser beam owing to the multispectral properties of GST. The fact that a single emitter can exhibit different visible and IR images is particularly attractive for optical security applications, including anti‐forgery. This feature is experimentally demonstrated using white paper and color‐printed paper.
Analysis of trait–performance–fitness relationships reveals pollinator‐mediated selection on orchid pollination traits
Authors: Rodríguez‐Otero Cristina , Hedrén Mikael , Friberg Magne , Opedal Øystein H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPremiseThe role of pollinators in evolutionary floral divergence has spurred substantial effort into measuring pollinator‐mediated phenotypic selection and its variation in space and time. For such estimates, the fitness consequences of pollination processes must be separated from other factors affecting fitness.MethodsWe built a fitness function linking phenotypic traits of food‐deceptive orchids to female reproductive success by including pollinator visitation and pollen deposition as intermediate performance components and used the fitness function to estimate the strength of pollinator‐mediated selection through female reproductive success. We also quantified male performance as pollinarium removal and assessed similarity in trait effects on male and female performance.ResultsThe proportion of plants visited at least once by an effective pollinator was moderate to high, ranging from 53.7% to 85.1%. Tall, many‐flowered plants were often more likely to be visited and pollinated. Given effective pollination, pollen deposition onto stigmas tended to be more likely for taller plants. Pollen deposition further depended on traits affecting the physical fit of pollinators to flowers (flower size, spur length), though the exact relationships varied in time and space. Using the fitness function to assess pollinator‐mediated selection through female reproductive success acting on multiple traits, we found that selection varied detectably among taxa after accounting for sampling uncertainty. Across taxa, selection on most traits was stronger on average and more variable when pollination was less reliable.ConclusionsThese results support pollination‐related trait–performance–fitness relationships and thus pollinator‐mediated selection on traits functionally involved in the pollination process.
Examination of potentially modifiable dementia risk factors across the adult life course: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Hwang Phillip H. , Ang Ting Fang Alvin , De Anda‐Duran Ileana , Liu Xue , Liu Yulin , Gurnani Ashita , Mez Jesse , Auerbach Sanford , Joshi Prajakta , Yuan Jing , Devine Sherral , Au Rhoda , Liu Chunyu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe examined for associations between potentially modifiable risk factors across the adult life course and incident dementia.METHODSParticipants from the Framingham Heart Study were included (n = 4015). Potential modifiable risk factors included education, alcohol intake, smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, social network, diabetes, and hypertension. Cox models were used to examine associations between each factor and incident dementia, stratified by early adult life (33–44 years), midlife (45–65 years), and late life (66–80 years).RESULTSIncreased dementia risk was associated with diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07–2.46) and physical inactivity (HR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.12–2.20) in midlife, and with obesity (HR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.08–2.87) in late life. Having multiple potential modifiable risk factors in midlife and late life was associated with greater risk.DISCUSSIONPotentially modifiable risk factors individually have limited impact on dementia risk in this population across the adult life course, although in combination they may have a synergistic effect.Highlights
Diabetes and physical inactivity in midlife is associated with increased dementia risk.
Obesity in late life is associated with increased dementia risk.
Having more potentially modifiable risk factors in midlife and late life is associated with greater dementia risk.
Organic Additive‐derived Films on Cu Electrodes Promote Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products Under Strongly Acidic Conditions
Authors: Nie Weixuan , Heim Gavin P. , Watkins Nicholas B. , Agapie Theodor , Peters Jonas C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) at low pH is desired for high CO2 utilization; the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a challenge. High alkali cation concentration at a high operating current density has recently been used to promote electrochemical CO2R at low pH. Herein we report an alternative approach to selective CO2R (>70 % Faradaic efficiency for C2+ products, FEC2+) at low pH (pH 2; H3PO4/KH2PO4) and low potassium concentration ([K+]=0.1 M) using organic film‐modified polycrystalline copper (Modified‐Cu). Such an electrode effectively mitigates HER due to attenuated proton transport. Modified‐Cu still achieves high FEC2+ (45 % with Cu foil /55 % with Cu GDE) under 1.0 M H3PO4 (pH≈1) at low [K+] (0.1 M), even at low operating current, conditions where HER can otherwise dominate.
Einseitige Borat‐Veresterung während enzymatischer Nukleosid‐phosphorolyse: Scheinbare Gleichgewichtsverschiebungen und kinetische Auswirkungen**
Authors: Kaspar Felix , Brandt Felix , Westarp Sarah , Eilert Lea , Kemper Sebastian , Kurreck Anke , Neubauer Peter , Jacob Christoph R. , Schallmey Anett 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiokatalytische Nukleosid(trans‐)glykosylierungen mithilfe von Nukleosidphosphorylasen haben sich zu einem praktischen und bequemen Ansatz zur Herstellung von modifizierten Nukleosiden entwickelt, die wichtige Pharmazeutika für die Behandlung verschiedener Krebsarten und Virusinfektionen darstellen. Die bei diesen Reaktionen erzielten Ausbeuten werden jedoch im Allgemeinen ausschließlich durch die inhärenten thermodynamischen Eigenschaften der beteiligten Nukleoside bestimmt, was den biokatalytischen Zugang zu vielen begehrten Nukleosidanaloga erschwert. Wir beschreiben hier einen Ansatz zur Manipulation der Ausbeuten in solchen Reaktionssystemen. Wir zeigen wie eine entropisch getriebene, einseitige Veresterung von Nukleosiden gegenüber Ribosylphosphaten mit anorganischem Borat zu scheinbaren Gleichgewichtsverschiebungen in Phosphorolyse‐ und Glykosylierungsreaktionen führt. Darüber hinaus beschreiben wir die kinetischen Implikationen einer solchen in situ‐Veresterung der Reaktanten für eine Modell‐Phosphorylase.
Metalloallostery and Transition Metal Signaling: Bioinorganic Copper Chemistry Beyond Active Sites
Authors: Pham Vanha N. , Chang Christopher J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransition metal chemistry is essential to life, where metal binding to DNA, RNA, and proteins underpins all facets of the central dogma of biology. In this context, metals in proteins are typically studied as static active site cofactors. However, the emergence of transition metal signaling, where mobile metal pools can transiently bind to biological targets beyond active sites, is expanding this conventional view of bioinorganic chemistry. This Minireview focuses on the concept of metalloallostery, using copper as a canonical example of how metals can regulate protein function by binding to remote allosteric sites (e.g., exosites). We summarize advances in and prospects for the field, including imaging dynamic transition metal signaling pools, allosteric inhibition or activation of protein targets by metal binding, and metal‐dependent signaling pathways that underlie nutrient vulnerabilities in diseases spanning obesity, fatty liver disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration.
Metal‐free hydroarylation derived ferrocene‐dihydrocoumarin as ultrasensitive dual‐channel probe selectively for picric acid
Authors: Srivastava Suman , Tamrakar Arpna , Joshi Sandeep , Pandey Mrituanjay D. , Pandey Rampal 
Published: January 2023

4‐Ferrocenyl‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐3,4‐dihydrocoumarin (3) was synthesized by intermolecular hydroarylation of phenol from β‐ferrocene acrylic acid, and structure has been thoroughly characterized and confirmed by analysing X‐ray single‐crystal data. Compound 3 serves as highly selective fluorescent probe towards explosive picric acid (PA) through quenching of fluorescence in aqueous media. Probe 3 ensures high selectivity for PA in the background presence of various nitroaromatics, anions, cations and some phenols. The LoD for PA has been estimated to be 25.0 ppb using fluorescent probe 3. Binding stoichiometry and binding site of 3 towards PA have been supported by Job's plot, ESI‐mass, performing NMR titration and eventually by developing a model compound 4‐ferrocenyl‐3,4‐dihydrocoumarin 4, which strongly suggested 6,7‐dimethoxy groups as best probable binding site for PA. Overall, present approach deals with development of a ferrocenyl‐dihydrocoumarin conjugate for highly selective and ultrasensitive ‘turn‐off’ fluorescent probe for PA, which has been well‐supported through rational spectral analyses as well as through synthesizing a model compound.
Construction of an Aspergillus oryzae triple amylase deletion mutant as a chassis to evaluate industrially relevant amylases using multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology
Authors: Haeger Gerrit , Grankin Alina , Wagner Michaela 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAspergillus oryzae is an industrially relevant organism for the secretory production of heterologous enzymes, especially amylases. The activities of potential heterologous amylases, however, cannot be quantified directly from the supernatant due to the high background activity of native α‐amylase. This activity is caused by the gene products of amyA, amyB, and amyC. In this study, an in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 system was established in A. oryzae to delete these genes simultaneously. First, pyrG of A. oryzae NSAR1 was mutated by exploiting NHEJ to generate a counter‐selection marker. Next, all amylase genes were deleted simultaneously by co‐transforming a repair template carrying pyrG of Aspergillus nidulans and flanking sequences of amylase gene loci. The rate of obtained triple knock‐outs was 47%. We showed that triple knockouts do not retain any amylase activity in the supernatant. The established in vitro CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to achieve sequence‐specific knock‐in of target genes. The system was intended to incorporate a single copy of the gene of interest into the desired host for the development of screening methods. Therefore, an integration cassette for the heterologous Fpi amylase was designed to specifically target the amyB locus. The site‐specific integration rate of the plasmid was 78%, with exceptional additional integrations. Integration frequency was assessed via qPCR and directly correlated with heterologous amylase activity. Hence, we could compare the efficiency between two different signal peptides. In summary, we present a strategy to exploit CRISPR/Cas9 for gene mutation, multiplex knock‐out, and the targeted knock‐in of an expression cassette in A. oryzae. Our system provides straightforward strain engineering and paves the way for development of fungal screening systems.
Tert‐Butyl Nitrite‐initiated C−N Bond Cleavage of 1‐Nitromethyl‐N‐aryltetrahydroisoquinolines: Synthesis of Furoxans with N−NO Skeleton
Authors: Sun Zheng , Zhang Shuwei , Ma Qiyuan , Li Yuemei , Ding Han , Yuan Yu , Jia Xiaodong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA series of furoxan derivatives with N‐nitroso groups were synthesized in good yields by TBN initiated radical sp3 C−N bond cleavage of 1‐nitromethyl‐N‐aryltetrahydroisoquinolines. This reaction grafts the biologically important furoxan skeleton and N‐nitroso group into on molecule, greatly improving the molecular complexity in one step transformation. The mechanistic study shows that this reaction is mediated by the in situ generated α‐carbonyl nitrile oxide, which is afforded by TBN promoted C−N bond cleavage.
Scaffold hopping strategy to derive 4‐hydroxy‐1‐alkyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐b:4,5‐b′]dipyridine‐3‐carbonylglycine derivatives as a novel hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitor for the potential treatment of chronic kidney disease anemia
Authors: Park Ga Young , Park Cheoul‐Hong , Lee Sang Kwang , Im Chun Young , Kim Soong‐Hyun , Hwang Hee Jong , Lee Jieon , Lee Taeho , Hong Yong Rae , Song Minsoo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDerivatives of 4‐hydroxy‐1‐alkyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐b:4,5‐b′]dipyridine‐3‐carbonylglycine were developed as a novel hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitor. The chemical space of the tricyclic 4‐hydroxypyridinyl glycines was examined thoroughly during our optimization study. One of our most potent compounds 12ar exhibits superior enzymatic activity to the known PHD inhibitors that are in the late stage of clinical studies. The functional efficacy of our PHD inhibitors was confirmed via the increased level of erythropoietin (EPO) expression in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro.
An integrated microbiome project for charactering microbial diversity in classroom based on virtual simulation experiments
Authors: Sun Hao , Wang Pinmei , Li Yudong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicrobiome study requires both molecular techniques and bioinformatics skills, which are challenging for biologists to participate in this growing field. To introduce microbiome concepts and skills to students, a 6‐week wet‐lab and bioinformatics course for undergraduates was implemented through the project‐based learning (PBL) approach. In the saliva microbiome project, students collected their saliva samples, performed DNA extraction and PCR amplification, followed by metagenomic analysis to compare the diversity and abundances of microbes among samples. First, students are required to practice molecular techniques and bioinformatics analysis skills in a virtual simulation lab. To our knowledge, our study is the first one to incorporate a virtual lab into microbiome experience. Then, students applied their recently acquired skills to produce and analyze their own 16S amplicon sequencing data and reported their results via a scientific report. The student learning outcomes show that the Virtual lab can improve students' laboratory techniques and research capabilities. Moreover, a simple pipeline to analyze 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data is introduced in a step‐by‐step manner that helps students to develop analysis skills. This project can be modified as either a virtual course or a module within another course such as microbiology, molecular biology, and bioinformatics. Our study provides evidence on the positive impact of virtual labs on learning outcomes in undergraduate science education.