bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Episodic Summer Chlorophyll‐a Blooms Driven by Along‐Front Winds at Aotearoa's Southeast Shelf Break Front
Authors: Johnson Erik E. , Suanda Sutara H. , Wing Stephen R. , Currie Kim I. , Smith Robert O. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of along‐front wind forcing on chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) at the Otago Shelf Break (OSB) in southeast Aotearoa/New Zealand using remotely‐sensed and in situ data. Summer wind stress over the OSB was shelf‐aligned, oscillating between upfront and downfront. Surface Chl‐a concentrations along the OSB were shown to increase episodically (≤10 days duration) following upfront wind stress. This response occurred over most of the 350 km long shelf break, and was most intense north of the Otago Peninsula. Peak Chl‐a enhancement at the shelf break occurred following periods of upfront winds, exhibiting a lagged response of approximately 5 days. Moored thermistor data indicated that upfront wind events were followed by increased thermal stratification over the mid‐shelf, whereas downfront wind events were followed by a well‐mixed water column. In situ temperature, salinity, and nutrient measurements suggested an offshore movement of the surface expression of the front following upfront winds, and a reduction in nitrate over the shelf break. From these observations a model of Ekman restratification driven by upfront winds is proposed for this system, wherein off‐shelf Ekman transport converts strong horizontal isopycnal gradients at the shelf break front into vertical stratification. This stratification holds phytoplankton in the upper water column, allowing increased access to light, which is marked by the increased drawdown of nitrate at the shelf break. Downfront winds break down this stratification, move the shelf break front onshore, and mix phytoplankton through the water column, reducing the surface expression of chlorophyll.
Future Projections of Multiple Tropical Cyclone Events in the Northern Hemisphere in the CMIP6‐HighResMIP Models
Authors: Fu Zheng‐Hang , Zhan Ruifen , Zhao Jiuwei , Yamada Yohei , Song Kexin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHow future multiple tropical cyclone events (MTCEs) could change is crucial for effective risk management and ensuring human safety, however, it remains unclear. This study projects changes in MTCEs by 2050 in the major basins of the Northern Hemisphere using high‐resolution climate models. Results show a significant increase in the frequency and duration of MTCEs over the North Atlantic (NA), a notable decrease over the western North Pacific (WNP), and little change over the eastern North Pacific (ENP). The increase in MTCEs over the NA is concentrated in August–September, while the decrease over the WNP occurs in most months. In contrast, the ENP exhibits large yet insignificant seasonal variation, suggesting considerable uncertainty in this basin. Further analysis shows that mid‐level vertical motion dominates the MTCE changes over the WNP, while vertical wind shear contributes the most to the NA, which may be linked to future changes in tropical convection.
ATP-citrate lyase controls endothelial gluco-lipogenic metabolism and vascular inflammation in sepsis-associated organ injury
Authors: Li Ranran , Meng Mei , Chen Ying , Pan Tingting , Li Yinjiaozhi , Deng Yunxin , Zhang Ruyuan , Tian Rui , Xu Wen , Zheng Xiangtao , Gong Fangchen , Liu Jie , Tang Haiting , Ding Xiaowei , Tang Yaoqing , Annane Djillali , Chen Erzhen , Qu Hongping , Li Lei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSepsis involves endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, which contributes to multiple organ failure. To improve therapeutic prospects, elucidating molecular mechanisms of vascular dysfunction is of the essence. ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) directs glucose metabolic fluxes to de novo lipogenesis by generating acetyl-Co-enzyme A (acetyl-CoA), which facilitates transcriptional priming via protein acetylation. It is well illustrated that ACLY participates in promoting cancer metastasis and fatty liver diseases. Its biological functions in ECs during sepsis remain unclear. We found that plasma levels of ACLY were increased in septic patients and were positively correlated with interleukin (IL)-6, soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), and lactate levels. ACLY inhibition significantly ameliorated lipopolysaccharide challenge-induced EC proinflammatory response in vitro and organ injury in vivo. The metabolomic analysis revealed that ACLY blockade fostered ECs a quiescent status by reducing the levels of glycolytic and lipogenic metabolites. Mechanistically, ACLY promoted forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and histone H3 acetylation, thereby increasing the transcription of c-Myc (MYC) to facilitate the expression of proinflammatory and gluco-lipogenic genes. Our findings revealed that ACLY promoted EC gluco-lipogenic metabolism and proinflammatory response through acetylation-mediated MYC transcription, suggesting ACLY as the potential therapeutic target for treating sepsis-associated EC dysfunction and organ injury.
Assessing wind field characteristics along the airport runway glide slope: an explainable boosting machine-assisted wind tunnel study
Authors: Khattak Afaq , Chan Pak-wai , Chen Feng , Peng Haorong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAircraft landings are especially perilous when the wind is gusty near airport runways. For this reason, an aircraft may deviate from its glide slope, miss its approach, or even crash in the worst cases. In the study, we used the state-of-the-art glass-box model, the Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM), to estimate the variation in headwind speed and turbulence intensity along the airport runway glide slope and to interpret the various contributing factors. To begin, the wind field characteristics were examined by developing a scaled-down model of Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) runway as well as and the surrounding buildings and complex terrain in the TJ-3 atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. The placement of probes along the glide slope of the model runway aided in the measurement of wind field characteristics at different locations in the presence and absence of surrounding buildings. Next, the experimental data was used to train the EBM model in conjunction with Bayesian optimization approach. The counterpart black box models (extreme gradient boosting, random forest, extra tree and adaptive boosting) as well as other glass box models (linear regression and decision tree) were compared with the outcomes of the EBM model. Based on the holdout testing data, the EBM model revealed superior performance for both variation in headwind speed and turbulence intensity in terms of mean absolute error, mean squared error, root mean squared error and R-square values. To further evaluate the impact of different factors on the wind field characteristics along the airport runway glide slope, the EBM model allows for a full interpretation of the contribution of individual and pairwise interactions of factors to the prediction results from both a global and a local perspective.
Fundamental theory on multiple energy resources and related case studies
Authors: Jin A. J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, I methodically optimize a distributed energy resource in terms of the production, management, utilization, and/or transaction of renewable energies during the deployment process. I deliver a theoretical mathematical model that allows users to visualize three critical output functions of their energy preference, including output power, energy economy, and carbon footprint. The model delivers three eigenstates derived by a power utility matrix (PUM) model. PUM transforms three-input parameters (3i) into three-output functions (3o) through 3i3o-transformation. It is ubiquitous, and its systematic characterization is discussed. Moreover, I discover a mathematical conversion relationship translating energy generation to carbon emissions. Various case-studies demonstrate the optimal energy resource utilization. Furthermore, an energy blockchain approach is employed for microgrid design, development, and carbon reduction. Finally, the authors demonstrate the energy–matter conversion relationship that improves carbon emissions for energy production, reducing the beta factor of carbon emissions to 0.22 kg/kilowatt hour for carbon peak and to zero for carbon neutrality.
Indoor-air purification by photoelectrochemical oxidation mitigates allergic airway responses to aerosolized cat dander in a murine model
Authors: Devadoss Dinesh , Surbaugh Kerri , Manevski Marko , Wickramaratne Chatura , Chaput Dale , Chung Arianne , de Leon Francisco , Chand Hitendra S. , Dhau Jaspreet S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPortable air purifiers help improve indoor air quality by neutralizing allergens, including animal dander proteins. However, there are limited in-vivo models to assess the efficacy of these devices. Here, we developed a novel animal model of experimental asthma using aerosolized cat dander extract (CDE) exposure and compared the efficacy of select air purification technologies. Mice were exposed to CDE aerosols for 6 weeks in separate custom-built whole-body exposure chambers equipped with either a photoelectrochemical oxidative (PECO) Molekule filtration device (PFD) or a HEPA-assisted air filtration device (HFD) along with positive (a device with no filtration capability) and negative controls. Compared to the positive control group, the CDE-induced airway resistance, and plasma IgE and IL-13 levels were significantly reduced in both air purifier groups. However, PFD mice showed a better attenuation of lung tissue mucous hyperplasia and eosinophilia than HFD and positive control mice, indicating a better efficacy in managing CDE-induced allergic responses. Cat dander protein destruction was evaluated by LCMS proteomic analysis, which revealed the degradation of 2731 unique peptides on PECO media in 1 h. Thus, allergen protein destruction on filtration media enhances air purifier efficacy that could provide relief from allergy responses compared to traditional HEPA-based filtration alone.
The imperative for regulatory oversight of large language models (or generative AI) in healthcare
Authors: Meskó Bertalan , Topol Eric J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the development of sophisticated large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and Bard. The potential implementation of LLMs in healthcare settings has already garnered considerable attention because of their diverse applications that include facilitating clinical documentation, obtaining insurance pre-authorization, summarizing research papers, or working as a chatbot to answer questions for patients about their specific data and concerns. While offering transformative potential, LLMs warrant a very cautious approach since these models are trained differently from AI-based medical technologies that are regulated already, especially within the critical context of caring for patients. The newest version, GPT-4, that was released in March, 2023, brings the potentials of this technology to support multiple medical tasks; and risks from mishandling results it provides to varying reliability to a new level. Besides being an advanced LLM, it will be able to read texts on images and analyze the context of those images. The regulation of GPT-4 and generative AI in medicine and healthcare without damaging their exciting and transformative potential is a timely and critical challenge to ensure safety, maintain ethical standards, and protect patient privacy. We argue that regulatory oversight should assure medical professionals and patients can use LLMs without causing harm or compromising their data or privacy. This paper summarizes our practical recommendations for what we can expect from regulators to bring this vision to reality.
The role of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation for millennial-scale climate variability during the penultimate glacial
Authors: Fohlmeister Jens , Luetscher Marc , Spötl Christoph , Schröder-Ritzrau Andrea , Schröder Birgit , Frank Norbert , Eichstädter René , Trüssel Martin , Skiba Vanessa , Boers Niklas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPrevious glacial intervals were punctuated by abrupt climate transitions between cold (stadial) and warm (interstadial) conditions. Many mechanisms leading to stadial-interstadial variability have been hypothesized with ice volume being a commonly involved element. Here, we test to which extent insolation modulated stadial-interstadial oscillations occurred during the penultimate glacial. We present a replicated and precisely dated speleothem record covering the period between 200 and 130 ka before present from caves located in the European Alps known to be sensitive to millennial-scale variability. We show that the widely proposed relationship between sea level change and stadial-interstadial variability was additionally modulated by solar insolation during this time interval. We find that interstadials occurred preferentially near maxima of Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, even when sea level remained close to its minimum during peak glacial periods. We confirm these observations with model simulations that accurately reproduce the frequency and duration of interstadials for given sea-level and insolation forcing. Our results imply that summer insolation played an important role in modulating the occurrence of stadial-interstadial oscillations and highlight the relevance of insolation in triggering abrupt climate changes.
Brazilian Portuguese Adaptation and Validation of the Language Screening Test for Poststroke Patients
Authors: de Lima Ramos Renata , Bahia Mariana M. , Flamand-Roze Constance , Chun Regina Yu Shon 
Published: July 2023

Background:
There is a lack of standardized assessment tools for poststroke aphasia in Brazil, particularly bedside screenings for early identification of patients with suspected language disorders. The Language Screening Test (LAST) is a valid and reliable method for screening hospitalized patients following a stroke. This tool was first developed in French and then translated and validated in other languages.

Purpose:
This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the LAST into Brazilian Portuguese.

Method:
Following a systematic, multistep approach to translation and cultural adaptation of language instruments, this study developed the two parallel versions of the Brazilian Portuguese LAST (pLAST) Versions A and B. The final versions were applied to 70 healthy and 30 poststroke adults across age and educational levels. Subtests of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) were used to assess the external validity of the pLAST.

Results:

Findings showed that the two versions (A and B) of the pLAST were equivalent (intraclass correlation coefficient = .91;
p
< .001). No floor or ceiling effects were observed, and internal validity was excellent (Cronbach's α = .85). Moreover, its external validity against the BDAE was moderate to strong. Test sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 1, respectively, and accuracy was 0.96.

Conclusion:
The Brazilian Portuguese version of the LAST is a valid, simple, easy, and rapid test to screen poststroke aphasia in hospital settings.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23548911
The GAPS programme at TNG
Authors: Rainer M. , Desidera S. , Borsa F. , Barbato D. , Biazzo K. , Bonomo A. , Gratton R. , Messina S. , Scandariato G. , Affer L. , Benatti S. , Carleo I. , Cabona L. , Covino E. , Lanza A. F. , Ligi R. , Maldonado J. , Mancini L. , Nardiello D. , Sicilia D. , Sozzetti A. , Bignamini A. , Cosentino R. , Knapic C. , Martínez Fiorenzano A. F. , Molinari E. , Pedani M. , Poretti E. 
Published: July 2023

Context. The leading spectrographs used for exoplanets’ search and characterization offer online data reduction softwares (DRS) that yield, as an ancillary result, the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the cross-correlation function (CCF) that is used to estimate the radial velocity of the host star. The FWHM also contains information on the stellar projected rotational velocity veq sin i★, if appropriately calibrated.
Aims. We wanted to establish a simple relationship to derive the veq sin i★ directly from the FWHM computed by the HARPS-N DRS in the case of slow-rotating solar-like stars. This may also help to recover the stellar inclination i★, which in turn affects the exoplanets’ parameters.
Methods. We selected stars with an inclination of the spin axis compatible with 90 deg by looking at exoplanetary transiting systems with known small sky-projected obliquity: for these calibrators, we can presume that veq sin i★ is equal to stellar equatorial velocity veq. We derived their rotational periods from photometric and spectroscopic time series and their radii from the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. This allowed us to recover their veq, which could be compared to the FWHM values of the CCFs obtained both with G2 and K5 spectral-type masks.
Results. We obtained an empirical relation for each mask: this can be used to derive veq sin i★ directly from FWHM values for slow rotators (FWHM < 20 km s−1). We applied our relations to 273 exoplanet-host stars observed with HARPS-N, obtaining homogeneous veqsin i★ measurements. When possible, we compared our results with the literature ones to confirm the reliability of our work. We were also able to recover or constrain i★ for 12 objects with no prior veq sin i★ estimation.
Conclusions. We provide two simple empirical relations to directly convert the HARPS-N FWHM obtained with the G2 and K5 mask to a veq sin i★ value. We tested our results on a statistically significant sample, and we found a good agreement with literature values found with more sophisticated methods for stars with log ɡ > 3.5. We also tried our relation on HARPS and SOPHIE data, and we conclude that it can be used as it is also on FWHM derived by HARPS DRS with the G2 and K5 mask, and it may be adapted to the SOPHIE data as long as the spectra are taken in high-resolution mode.
The γ-process nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Roberti L. , Pignatari M. , Psaltis A. , Sieverding A. , Mohr P. , Fülöp Zs. , Lugaro M. 
Published: July 2023

Context. The γ-process nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae is generally accepted as a feasible process for the synthesis of neutron-deficient isotopes beyond iron. However, crucial discrepancies between theory and observations still exist: the average yields of γ-process nucleosynthesis from massive stars are still insufficient to reproduce the solar distribution in galactic chemical evolution calculations, and the yields of the Mo and Ru isotopes are a factor of ten lower than the yields of the other γ-process nuclei.
Aims. We investigate the γ-process in five sets of core-collapse supernova models published in the literature with initial masses of 15, 20, and 25 M⊙ at solar metallicity.
Methods. We compared the γ-process overproduction factors from the different models. To highlight the possible effect of nuclear physics input, we also considered 23 ratios of two isotopes close to each other in mass relative to their solar values. Further, we investigated the contribution of C–O shell mergers in the supernova progenitors as an additional site of the γ-process.
Results. Our analysis shows that a large scatter among the different models exists for both the γ-process integrated yields and the isotopic ratios. We find only ten ratios that agree with their solar values, all the others differ by at least a factor of three from the solar values in all the considered sets of models. The γ-process within C–O shell mergers mostly influences the isotopic ratios that involve intermediate and heavy proton-rich isotopes with A > 100.
Conclusions. We conclude that there are large discrepancies both among the different data sets and between the model predictions and the solar abundance distribution. More calculations are needed; particularly updating the nuclear network, because the majority of the models considered in this work do not use the latest reaction rates for the γ-process nucleosynthesis. Moreover, the role of C–O shell mergers requires further investigation.
Photocatalyst-Free Visible-Light-Promoted C–H Selenylation of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
Authors: Bagdi Avik Kumar , Sikdar Papiya , Choudhuri Tathagata , Paul Suvam , Das Sourav , Kumar Anil 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA new method has been developed for the C–H selenyl­ation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives under the irradiation of visible light. This photocatalyst-free strategy is applicable to a wide range of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with broad functionalities. The salient features of the method are mild reaction conditions, use of bench-stable oxidant, high regioselectivity, and scalability.
One Health in a Digital World: Technology, Data, Information and Knowledge
Authors: Scott Philip , Adedeji Taiwo , Nakkas Haythem , Andrikopoulou Elisavet 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To describe the origins and growth of the One Health concept and its recent application in One Digital Health.
Methods: Bibliometric review and critical discussion of emergent themes derived from co-occurrence of MeSH keywords.
Results: The fundamental interrelationship between human health, animal health and the wider environment has been recognized since ancient times. One Health as a distinct term originated in 2004 and has been a rapidly growing concept of interest in the biomedical literature since 2017. One Digital Health has quickly established itself as a unifying construct that highlights the critical role of technology, data, information and knowledge to facilitate the interdisciplinary collaboration that One Health requires. The principal application domains of One Digital Health to date are in FAIR data integration and analysis, disease surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship and environmental monitoring.
Conclusions: One Health and One Digital Health offer powerful lenses to examine and address crises in our living world. We propose thinking in terms of Learning One Health Systems that can dynamically capture, integrate, analyse and monitor application of data across the biosphere.
Machine learning-assisted multi-scale modeling
Authors: E Weinan , Lei Huan , Xie Pinchen , Zhang Linfeng 
Published: July 2023

Neural network-based machine learning is capable of approximating functions in very high dimension with unprecedented efficiency and accuracy. This has opened up many exciting new possibilities, one of which is to use machine learning algorithms to assist multi-scale modeling. In this review, we use three examples to illustrate the process involved in using machine learning in multi-scale modeling: ab initio molecular dynamics, ab initio meso-scale models, such as Landau models and generalized Langevin equation, and hydrodynamic models for non-Newtonian flows.