bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of unripe banana flour as a functional feed ingredient on growth performance, internal organ relative weight and carcass traits of broilers
Authors: Rahmawati Oktafia Munita , Sugiharto Sugiharto , Yudiarti Turrini , Widiastuti Endang , Wahyuni Hanny Indrat , Sartono Tri Agus , Agusetyaningsih Ikania , Ayasan Tugay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the prohibition of in‐feed antibiotics, poultry nutritionists are increasingly interested in the use of functional feed. Unripe banana flour (UBF) contains significant amounts of oligosaccharides (which may act as prebiotics) and antioxidants, making it a potential functional feed for broilers. However, research on the use of UBF as a functional feed ingredient for broilers is limited.ObjectivesThe study investigated the effect of UBF with or without probiotic and multienzyme on growth, internal organ weight and carcass characteristics of broilers.MethodsA total of 392 broiler chicks were distributed into 4 groups included CONT (chicks receiving control feed), UBF (chicks receiving 5% UBF in feed), UBFPRO (5% UBF plus 0.05% probiotics) and UBFZYM (5% UBF plus 0.05% multienzyme). Data on growth performance were weekly recorded, whereas data on internal organs and carcass were collected on day 38.ResultsFeed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower (p < 0.05) in UBF, UBFPRO and UBFZYM than that in CONT chicks, with no significant difference in body weight, body weight gain and feed intake. There was a tendency that gizzard was higher (p = 0.08) in CONT than in UBF chicks. Also, pancreas tended (p = 0.09) to be lower in UBFZYM than in CONT birds. There was a notable effect (p < 0.05) of dietary treatments on the yellowness (b*) values of thigh meats, in which UBFPRO had lower b* values than that of CONT but did not differ from that of UBF and UBFZYM. There was no difference (p < 0.05) in carcass and commercial proportion of broilers.ConclusionsFeeding of 5% UBF with or without probiotic and multienzyme improved FCR, without negatively affecting the carcass characteristics of broilers.
Rapid vascular uptake of contrast media during retrograde urethrocystography in a dog with pyogranulomatous prostatitis
Authors: Glebocka Magdalena , Jardim Gomes Barbara , Kilpatrick Scott , Leeming Gail , Swales Harry 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA 6‐year old, male, neutered German shepherd dog, with a bodyweight of 58 kg, was presented for investigation of relapsing dysuria following 2 years of adequate medical control of suspected detrusor urethral dyssynergia. During retrograde contrast urethrocystography, contrast media was visible in the prostatic vessels and caudal vena cava, suggesting rapid vascular uptake. Postmortem histopathological evaluation of the prostate was consistent with pyogranulomatous prostatitis.
A survey of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs illegally entering the UK (2015–2017)
Authors: Fisher Margaret A. , Rees Beth , Capner Colin , Pritchard Susie , Holdsworth Peter A. , Fitzgerald Ronan A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study involving non‐compliant, seized dogs entering the UK surveyed endoparasites detected in faecal samples. A focus was placed on taeniid infection as the detection of these tapeworms acts as a marker for failure of effective tapeworm treatment.MethodsIndividual faecal samples taken from 65 dogs over a 24‐month period were examined for helminth eggs, for protozoal oocysts and cysts, using a centrifugal flotation technique. Any sample presenting positive results for taeniid eggs had residual faeces examined using polymerase chain reaction to aid speciation of the tapeworm eggs. Additionally, a Baermann technique was used to assess faeces for lungworm larvae.ResultsPatent endoparasite infection was detected in 27.7% of dog faecal samples. No sample was positive for lungworm larvae. Five dogs were co‐infected with Isospora spp. and Toxocara canis. One dog sample was detected with taeniid eggs, identified as Taenia serialis.ConclusionsThe taeniid‐positive dog indicated that appropriate tapeworm treatment may not have occurred, reinforcing the risk to the UK of illegally imported dogs potentially introducing Echinococcus multilocularis infection.
Analytical strategies for herbal Cannabis samples in forensic applications: A comprehensive review
Authors: Slosse Amorn , Van Durme Filip , Eliaerts Joy , Samyn Nele , Mangelings Debby , Heyden Yvan Vander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCannabis sativa L. is undoubtedly the most used recreational drug worldwide because of its desired acute psychotropic effects, like relaxation, euphoria and altered perceptions. In addition, promising medical properties of Cannabis components have gained a lot of attention, resulting in a debate to permit recreational Cannabis use in several countries. In recent years, this controversial plant was increasingly studied and a large number of scientific papers were published. Herbal Cannabis consists of a variable and complex matrix, which makes it challenging to properly seize and prepare the sample for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Moreover, both the adoption of legal cut‐off values in different countries for the Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content in seizures, and the emergence of cannabidiol (CBD) based products, containing generally small but variable amounts of THC, urged the need for sensitive and reliable analytical techniques to accurately identify and quantify the components of interest. This review presents detailed information on the procedure prior to analysis and covers chromatographic and spectroscopic methods developed for the analysis of cannabinoids in seizures for different forensic purposes, that is, identification/quantification, potency testing, drug‐ and fiber‐type differentiation, age estimation, yield determination and Cannabis profiling. Advantages and drawbacks of existing methods, within a specific forensic context, are discussed. The application of chemometrics, which offers a powerful tool in interpreting complex data, is also explained.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology > Cannabis
Toxicology > Drug Analysis
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Presentation and Evaluation of Forensic Science Output
Fecal microbiota transplants modulate the gut microbiome of a two‐toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus)
Authors: Thacher Piper R. , Kendrick Erin L. , Maslanka Michael , Muletz‐Wolz Carly R. , Bornbusch Sally L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe microbes inhabiting an animal's gastrointestinal tracts, collectively known as the gut microbiome, are vital to animal health and wellbeing. For animals experiencing gut distress or infection, modulation of the gut microbiome, for example, via fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), provides a possible disease prevention and treatment method. The beneficial microbes present in the donor's transplanted feces can help combat pathogens, assist in digestion, and rebalance the recipient's microbiota. Investigating the efficacy of FMTs in animal health is a crucial step toward improving management strategies for species under human care. We present a case study of the use of FMTs in a two‐toed sloth experiencing abnormally large, clumped, and frequent stools. We used 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing of fecal samples to (a) compare the microbiomes of the FMT donor, a healthy, cohoused conspecific, and the FMT recipient and (b) assess the influence of multiple rounds of FMTs on the recipient's microbiome and stool consistency and frequency over time. In response to the FMTs, we found that the recipient's microbiome showed trends toward increased diversity, shifted community composition, and altered membership that more resembled the community of the donor. FMT treatment was also associated with marked, yet temporary, alleviation of the recipient's abnormal bowel movements, suggesting a broader impact on gut health. Our results provide valuable preliminary evidence that FMT treatments can augment the recipient's gut microbiome, with potential implications for animal health and management.
Bootstrapping $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super-Yang-Mills on the conformal manifold
Authors: Chester Shai M. , Dempsey Ross , Pufu Silviu S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We combine supersymmetric localization results with numerical bootstrap techniques to compute upper bounds on the low-lying CFT data of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory as a function of the complexified gauge coupling τ. In particular, from the stress tensor multiplet four-point function, we extract the scaling dimension of the lowest-lying unprotected scalar operator and its OPE coefficient. While our method can be applied in principle to any gauge group G, we focus on G = SU(2) and SU(3) for simplicity. At weak coupling, the upper bounds we find are very close to the corresponding four-loop results. We also give preliminary evidence that these upper bounds become small islands under reasonable assumptions.
Laboratory Life Instead of Nuclear Weapons: A New Perspective on the German Uranium Club
Authors: Forstner Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhy did German physicists not build an atomic bomb during the Second World War? This question has long been controversial. This essay provides a new perspective through a focus on the everyday practice of the physicists in their laboratories. The study of everyday research work has long been obscured by the question of the bomb. To this end, the research of the Viennese group in the GermanUranverein, or “Uranium Club,” will be analyzed in detail. What breaks and continuities were there in everyday laboratory practice? Were the physicists able to acquire new resources? Did they at least come close to the scale of Big Science or did their research remain tied to the academic laboratory?
Einsatz vollkontinuierlicher Modelle zur biostatistischen Bewertung forensischer DNA-analytischer Befunde
Authors: Templin Michael , Zimmermann Peter , Kranz Sebastian , Eckert Martin , Leuker Christoph , Razbin Sven , Wächter Andrea , Weirich Volker , Anslinger Katja , Fimmers Rolf , Grethe Stefanie , Oppelt Claus , Vennemann Marielle , Schneider Peter M. , Hahn Meinhard 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDie biostatistische Bewertung DNA-analytischer Befunde unterstützt Gerichte bei der Einschätzung des Beweiswertes einer Spur. In der Praxis werden dabei zunehmend Spuren mit minimaler DNA-Menge und möglichen „Drop-in“- und „Drop-out“-Ereignissen sowie komplexe Mischspuren analysiert. Solche Spuren sind mit einer klassischen „binären“ Berechnung biostatistisch häufig nicht oder nur eingeschränkt bewertbar.Die Entwicklung vollkontinuierlicher Modelle (VKM) macht eine Vielzahl dieser bisher nicht berechenbaren Spuren einer biostatistischen Bewertung zugänglich. Dabei werden nahezu sämtliche verfügbaren Informationen einer DNA-Spur in die Berechnung einbezogen. Während diese probabilistischen Verfahren international bereits vielfach zum Einsatz kommen, liegen hierzu im deutschsprachigen Raum nur wenige Erfahrungen vor.Um Funktionsweise, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von VKM-Berechnungen zu erfassen, wurden Mischspuren bekannter Zusammensetzung mit 4 aktuell verfügbaren VKM-Programmen vergleichend analysiert. Bei der Auswertung wurden zentrale Aspekte betrachtet, wie beispielsweise die Konkordanz von Berechnungsergebnissen, der Einfluss von Drop-in- und Drop-out-Ereignissen auf die berechneten vollkontinuierlichen LR-Werte (LRfc) sowie die Ableitung recherchefähiger DNA-Profile mithilfe wahrscheinlichkeitsbasierter Prognosen (Deconvolution).Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gewonnenen Erfahrungen bilden, zusammen mit weiteren bereits international publizierten Studien, eine Basis für Empfehlungen zum Einsatz von VKM-basierter Software bei der biostatistischen Bewertung DNA-analytischer Befunde.
Incidence of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in population-based studies in Northern Savo, Finland, during 1980–2020
Authors: Elfving Pia , Kononoff Aulikki , Huhtakangas Johanna , Kautiainen Hannu , Savolainen Elina , Arstila Leena , Barantseva Julia , Rannio Tuomas , Niinisalo Helena , Puolitaival Antti , Soininen Kati , Kariniemi Simo , Oksaranta Minni , Kaipiainen-Seppänen Oili 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe objective is to evaluate the incidence of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over 40-year period in Northern Savo, Finland. Data on new seropositive RA patients according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1987 classification criteria were collected in 2020–2021. In 2020 data on tobacco exposure, patient-reported dental health and living in residences with fluoridated tap water were gathered. Incidence rates were estimated and age- and gender-adjusted to Northern Savo population. The results were compared with data acquired in studies from 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. In 2020, 46 seropositive RA patients (21 females and 25 males) were recorded. The crude incidence of seropositive RA fulfilling the ACR 87 criteria in 2020 was 22.3 (95% CI 16.3 to 29.8)/100 000 and age and gender-adjusted 22.3 (95% CI 15.9 to 28.8)/100 000. Tobacco exposure > 5 pack years occurred 18% of females and 56% of males. Only 16% of males were full dentate. A total of 242 incident seropositive RA (age ≥ 16 years, 55% females) were identified in all study years. No differences in the gender-specific incidence rates in each cohort or in incidence between the studies every 10 years were recorded. The incidence of seropositive RA decreased in the age group < 55 years, p = 0.003. There was no change in the incidence of seropositive RA between genders or the study years. A declining trend for occurrence of seropositive RA in the young and early middle-aged population may reflect change in risk factors.
Klimarelevanz des Abwassersektors
Authors: Tauber Joseph , Krampe Jörg , Parravicini Vanessa 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungAbwasserkanäle und Abwasserreinigungsanlagen können relevante Quellen von Kohlendioxid, Lachgas und Methan sein. Direkte Kohlendioxidemissionen sind klimaneutral, da die organischen Bestandteile im Abwasser überwiegend aus biologischen Quellen stammen. Dagegen haben direkte Methan- und Lachgas-Emissionen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Klima. Der derzeit vorliegende Entwurf der EU-Richtlinie für kommunales Abwasser 91/271/EWG (Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive) greift erstmals Treibhausgasemissionen aus Abwasserkanälen und Kläranlagen auf und zielt auf deren Monitoring, Reporting und Reduktion ab. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den direkten Gasemissionen von Methan und Lachgas aus Abwasserkanälen und Kläranlagen und deren Produktions- und Reduktionspfaden. Die Hauptemissionsquellen werden überblicksartig dargestellt und die Bedeutung dieser Emissionen wird auf nationaler Ebene eingeordnet. Potenziale und Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Methan- und Lachgasemissionen aus dem Sektor Abwasser werden beleuchtet. Indirekte Treibhausgasemissionen aus dem Bezug von Strom sowie aus vorgelagerten Prozessen, wie z. B. aus der Herstellung und Transport von Fällmitteln, stellen auch wesentliche Emissionspfade dar. Die Relevanz der unterschiedlichen Treibhausgas-Emissionspfade der Abwasserentsorgung werden am Beispiel des CO2-Fußabdrucks von zwei Kläranlagen, einer mit simultaner aerober Schlammstabilisierung (SASS) und einer mit anaerober Stabilisierung (Schlammfaulung) diskutiert.
Canine perspective-taking
Authors: Huber Ludwig , Lonardo Lucrezia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn important question in the study of canine cognition is how dogs understand humans, given that they show impressive abilities for interacting and communicating with us. In this review, we describe and discuss studies that have investigated dogs’ perspective-taking abilities. There is solid evidence that dogs are not only sensitive to the gaze of others, but also their attention. We specifically address the question whether dogs have the ability to take the perspective of others and thus come to understand what others can or cannot perceive. From the latter, they may then infer what others know and use this representation to anticipate what others do next. Still, dogs might simply rely on directly observable cues and on what they themselves can perceive when they assess what others can perceive. And instead of making inferences from representations of others' mental states, they may have just learned that certain behaviours of ours lead to certain outcomes. However, recent research seems to challenge this low-level explanation. Dogs have solved several perspective-taking tasks instantly and reliably across a large number of variations, including geometrical gaze-following, stealing in the dark, concealing information from others, and Guesser/Knower differentiation. In the latter studies, dogs' choices between two human informants were strongly influenced by cues related to the humans’ visual access to the food, even when the two informants behaved identically. And finally, we review a recent study that found dogs reacting differently to misleading suggestions of human informants that have either a true or false belief about the location of food. We discuss this surprising result in terms of the comprehension of reality-incongruent mental states, which is considered as a hallmark of Theory of Mind acquisition in human development. Especially on the basis of the latter findings, we conclude that pet dogs might be sensitive to what others see, know, intend, and believe. Therefore, this ability seems to have evolved not just in the corvid and primate lineages, but also in dogs.
Space-time error estimates for deep neural network approximations for differential equations
Authors: Grohs Philipp , Hornung Fabian , Jentzen Arnulf , Zimmermann Philipp 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOver the last few years deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) have very successfully been used in numerical simulations for a wide variety of computational problems including computer vision, image classification, speech recognition, natural language processing, as well as computational advertisement. In addition, it has recently been proposed to approximate solutions of high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) by means of stochastic learning problems involving deep ANNs. There are now also a few rigorous mathematical results in the scientific literature which provide error estimates for such deep learning based approximation methods for PDEs. All of these articles provide spatial error estimates for ANN approximations for PDEs but do not provide error estimates for the entire space-time error for the considered ANN approximations. It is the subject of the main result of this article to provide space-time error estimates for deep ANN approximations of Euler approximations of certain perturbed differential equations. Our proof of this result is based (i) on a certain ANN calculus and (ii) on ANN approximation results for products of the form $[0,T]\times \mathbb {R}^{d}\ni (t,x){\kern -.5pt}\mapsto {\kern -.5pt} tx{\kern -.5pt}\in {\kern -.5pt} \mathbb {R}^{d}$
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Schools as Drivers of Capitalist Accumulation Conditional Socialized Reproduction in Shenzhen
Authors: Trémon Anne-Christine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBased on fieldwork in an urbanized village of Shenzhen, this paper analyzes the place of schools in the reproduction of Chinese state capitalism. It retraces the circuit of socialized capital that allows for the social reproduction of the native elite and the exclusion of many migrant workers in the context of Shenzhen’s development as a special economic zone and its efforts to upgrade the economy. The native villagers, now forming an urban upper-class of rentiers, have capitalized on their overseas connections and capital accumulation to finance their school, allowing for their elite’s upward social mobility after, but also already under Mao. After China’s transition to capitalism, this school has served as an asset in generating value in the context of redevelopment and the real estate-driven upgrading of Shenzhen’s economy. Property ownership is now a major criterion in points-based systems for accessing school places. I make two interrelated arguments. First, there is a closer relationship between the secondary circuit of socialized capital and the larger circuit of capital than what the literature on social reproduction implies. Second, the conditionality of quality education upon value generation amounts to separating the population deemed worthy of socialized reproduction and the surplus population that is left out. The paper connects diverse strands of social reproduction theory, Althusser’s interpellation and ideological state apparatuses, feminist agentive social reproduction theories, and Bourdieu’s capital conversion recuperated within a Marxian framework, to provide an integrated approach to social reproduction within capitalism.
Seasonal variation and risks of potentially toxic elements in agricultural lowlands of central Cameroon
Authors: Nana Annie Stephanie , Falkenberg Timo , Rechenburg Andrea , Ntajal Joshua , Kamau Juliet Wanjiku , Ayo Anne , Borgemeister Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntensive urban agriculture is expanding in Cameroon, which increases the risks of environmental pollution, particularly in the lowlands. This study assessed the seasonal characteristics of some potentially toxic elements and their ecological risks during the dry and wet seasons in urban agricultural soils in four lowlands in Yaoundé. The area and seasonal variation of some potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni) were evaluated using mixed-effects modeling. The pollution status of these elements in the soil was evaluated and interpreted using parameters such as the single pollution (SPI) and Nemerow composite pollution (NCPI) indices. In addition, the effect of these metals in the environment was assessed using the potential ecological risk index (PERI). The distribution of all the studied elements showed an area effect, while a seasonal effect was only noticeable for Cu. The concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn was higher than the recommended threshold values in one of the areas sampled, while Cr exceeded these threshold values in all areas during both seasons. Cr exhibited the highest SPI among all studied elements during the dry and wet seasons in all areas. Except for the NCPI in one area, where grade V (strong) soil pollution was recorded during the wet season, the soil from all the study areas exhibited a slight pollution level (grade III) with a mean NCPI between 1 and 2. The PERI value of all areas was below the reference values during both seasons, suggesting an overall low potential contamination risk of the soil biota. The results indicate that preventive action to limit the heavy metal contamination in the lowlands of Yaoundé needs to be taken, for instance, through the promotion of more sustainable use of agrochemicals like pesticides and mineral fertilizers.