bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Weight-Based Doses Are Required to Achieve and Maintain Therapeutic Voriconazole Serum Trough Concentrations in Children
Authors: Zembles Tracy N. , Dasgupta Mahua , Kenkel Troy J. , Lehrer Brittany , Simpson Pippa , Havens Peter L. , Huppler Anna R. 
Published: June 2023

OBJECTIVE
Children require weight-based voriconazole doses proportionately larger than adults to achieve therapeutic serum trough concentrations (1–6 mcg/mL). The objective of this quality improvement project was to determine the initial dose, proportion of patients achieving target concentrations with initial dosing, and subsequent therapeutic drug monitoring and dose modifications needed to achieve and maintain therapeutic voriconazole concentrations in children.

METHODS
This retrospective study evaluated children aged &lt;18 years treated with voriconazole during the study period. Dosing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) values were collected and compared by age. Data are presented as median (IQR), unless otherwise stated.

RESULTS
Fifty-nine patients, aged 10.4 (3.7–14.7) years and 49% female, met inclusion criteria; 42 had at least 1 steady-state voriconazole serum trough concentration measured. Twenty-one of 42 (50%) achieved the target concentration at the first steady-state measurement. An additional 13 of 42 (31%) achieved the target following 2 to 4 dose modifications. The dose required to first achieve a value in the target range was 22.3 (18.0–27.1) mg/kg/day in children aged &lt;12 years and 12.0 (9.8–14.0) mg/kg/day in children aged ≥12 years. After reaching the target, 59% and 81% of repeated steady-state measurements were in the therapeutic range in patients aged &lt;12 years and ≥12 years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Reaching therapeutic voriconazole serum trough concentrations required doses larger than currently recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Multiple dose adjustments and TDM measurements were required to achieve and maintain therapeutic voriconazole serum concentrations.
Penerapan Library Tensorflow, Cvzone, dan Numpy pada Sistem Deteksi Bahasa Isyarat Secara Real Time
Authors: Putra I Nyoman Tri Anindia , Kartini Ketut Sepdyana , Suyitno Yoga Kristian , Sugiarta I Made , Puspita Ni Kadek Era 
Published: June 2023

Sebagai makhluk sosial, manusia secara alami perlu berinteraksi satu sama lain melalui komunikasi, dengan berada di masyarakat hanya untuk berbagi informasi atau saling menanggapi kebutuhan, seperti proses belajar di sekolah. Namun penyandang tunarungu sulit untuk berkomunikasi secara utuh karena lingkungan yang tidak ramah bagi mereka dan salah satunya adalah sangat sedikit yang memahami bahasa isyarat. Program berbasis Python "My Signs" dikembangkan untuk mengedukasi masyarakat tentang Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia (BISINDO), dengan fitur-fitur seperti mengenali bahasa isyarat menggunakan model pembelajaran mesin dan menerjemahkan kata menggunakan output gambar, serta menggunakan Python. Layanan dalam infrastruktur perangkat lunak. Pengembangan aplikasi ini menggunakan library open CV yang merupakan bentuk library dari metode machine learning dengan Bahasa python, sehingga dengan berkembangnya aplikasi ini diharapakan terciptanya lingkungan yang ramah bagi tunarungu.
Empirical Study of GRIT w.r.t, Higher Secondary Student
Authors: Sharda Parul , Singh Tuteja Sanjeet , Modi Ahlad 
Published: June 2023

Students of teen age have different perceptions towards their career. GRIT means consistency and focus to achieve their goals in spite of hurdles. To find how much current generation is aware and keen for their future GRIT has been studied. In this study we focused on higher secondary students of age 16 to 18, to find out their perceptions towards career and life satisfaction. What is the role of GRIT in achieving their aims in career? The research is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from the students of class XI and XII. This study is to analyze the behavior of students towards their walks of life and design. To test the hypothesis, Normality, Reliability, Independent t-test and ANOVA were use on the data collected with the questionnaire.
La rigueur en théorisation ancrée : une expérience doctorale
Authors: Sid Mohand Meriem , Maltais Nathalie , Genest Christine , Rassy Jessica 
Published: June 2023

La rigueur en théorisation ancrée (TA) soulève beaucoup de questionnements chez les étudiants et les chercheurs qui s’intéressent à cette méthode. Les critères de qualité de la recherche qualitative en général sont souvent utilisés en TA alors que ceux-ci sont peu spécifiques. Ceci fait en sorte que très peu d’études par TA utilisent des critères de rigueur qui lui sont propres. Afin d’aider les étudiants et les chercheurs à mieux réfléchir quant à la rigueur scientifique, cet article présente une expérience vécue par une chercheure novice ayant réalisé une étude par TA dans le cadre de son projet doctoral. Le processus réflexif de l’étudiante entourant la rigueur en TA sera présenté selon huit dimensions et illustré à l’aide d’exemples : 1) la position philosophique; 2) le processus itératif et l’échantillonnage théorique; 3) la sensibilité théorique; 4) le processus amenant l’émergence d’une théorie; 5) la saturation théorique; 6) les critères de qualité propres à l’auteur ou aux auteurs de la TA choisie; 7) le niveau de théorie atteint; 8) la distinction entre une étude par TA et une étude descriptive utilisant des stratégies de TA.
Clinician Job Satisfaction After Peer Comparison Feedback
Authors: Doctor Jason N. , Goldstein Noah J. , Fox Craig R. , Linder Jeffrey A. , Persell Stephen D. , Stewart Emily P. , Knight Tara K. , Meeker Daniella 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceInterventions that improve clinician performance through feedback should not contribute to job dissatisfaction or staff turnover. Measurement of job satisfaction may help identify interventions that lead to this undesirable consequence.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether mean job satisfaction was less than the margin of clinical significance among clinicians who received social norm feedback (peer comparison) compared with clinicians who did not.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis secondary, preregistered, noninferiority analysis of a cluster randomized trial compared 3 interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design from November 1, 2011, to April 1, 2014. A total of 248 clinicians were enrolled from 47 clinics. The sample size for this analysis was determined by the number of nonmissing job satisfaction scores from the original enrolled sample, which was 201 clinicians from 43 clinics. Data analysis was performed from October 12 to April 13, 2022.InterventionsFeedback comparing individual clinician performance to top-performing peers, delivered in monthly emails (peer comparison).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a response to the following statement: “Overall, I am satisfied with my current job.” Responses ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).ResultsA total of 201 clinicians (response rate, 81%) from 43 of the 47 clinics (91%) provided a survey response about job satisfaction. Clinicians were primarily female (n = 129 [64%]) and board certified in internal medicine (n = 126 [63%]), with a mean (SD) age of 48 (10) years. The clinic-clustered difference in mean job satisfaction was greater than −0.32 (β = 0.11; 95% CI, −0.19 to 0.42; P = .46). Therefore, the preregistered null hypothesis that peer comparison is inferior by resulting in at least a 1-point decrease in job satisfaction by 1 in 3 clinicians was rejected. The secondary null hypothesis that job satisfaction was similar among clinicians randomized to social norm feedback was not able to be rejected. The effect size did not change when controlling for other trial interventions (t = 0.08; P = .94), and no interaction effects were observed.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, peer comparison did not lead to lower job satisfaction. Features that may have protected against dissatisfaction include clinicians’ agency over the performance measure, privacy of individual performance, and allowing all clinicians to achieve top performance.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT05575115 and NCT01454947
Rational Design of Heterostructured Ru Cluster‐Based Catalyst for pH Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and High‐Performance Zn‐H2O Battery
Authors: Tang Ranran , Yang Yu , Zhou Yitong , Yu Xin‐Yao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRuthenium (Ru) is an ideal substitute to commercial Pt/C for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Reducing the size of Ru to clusters can greatly increase the utilization of atoms, however, over‐strong RuH binding will be brought about. Additionally, the water dissociation ability of Ru clusters is unfavorable, leading to unsatisfactory activity in alkaline and neutral HER. Herein, a rational and versatile design strategy is proposed by exploring supports with both high work function and facilitated water dissociation ability to boost the pH‐universal HER activity of Ru clusters. As exemplified by Mo2C, density functional calculations verify that the introduction of Mo2C support can optimize the hydrogen adsorption energy and promote the kinetics of water dissociation. Guided by theoretical calculations, heterostructured Mo2C nanoparticles‐Ru clusters anchored carbon spheres (Mo2C‐Ru/C) are designed and prepared. A low overpotential of 22 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 25 mV dec−1 in alkaline solution is demonstrated by Mo2C‐Ru/C. The Mo2C‐Ru/C also exhibits excellent activity in alkaline seawater, acidic, and neutral solutions. When assembling Mo2C‐Ru/C with Zn foil to construct an alkaline‐acid Zn‐H2O battery, the as‐fabricated battery presents high discharge power density and excellent stability for simultaneous generation of electricity and hydrogen (H2).
Functional Material Systems Enabled by Automated Data Extraction and Machine Learning
Authors: Kalhor Payam , Jung Nicole , Bräse Stefan , Wöll Christof , Tsotsalas Manuel , Friederich Pascal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of new functional materials is crucial for addressing global challenges such as clean energy or the discovery of new drugs and antibiotics. Functional material systems are typically composed of functional molecular building blocks, organized across multiple length scales in a hierarchical order. The large design space allows for precise tuning of properties to specific applications, but also makes it time‐consuming and expensive to screen for optimal structures using traditional experimental methods. Machine learning (ML) models can potentially revolutionize the field of materials science by predicting chemical syntheses and materials properties with high accuracy. However, ML models require data to be trained and validated. Methods to automatically extract data from scientific literature make it possible to build large and diverse datasets for ML models. In this article, opportunities and challenges of data extraction and machine learning methods are discussed to accelerate the discovery of high‐performing functional material systems, while ensuring that the predicted materials are stable, synthesizable, scalable, and sustainable. The potential impact of large language models (LLMs) on the data extraction process are discussed. Additionally, the importance of research data management tools is discussed to overcome the intrinsic limitations of data extraction approaches.
Discovery of Nanoscale Electric Field‐Induced Phase Transitions in ZrO2
Authors: Lomenzo Patrick D. , Collins Liam , Ganser Richard , Xu Bohan , Guido Roberto , Gruverman Alexei , Kersch Alfred , Mikolajick Thomas , Schroeder Uwe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe emergence of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric properties in the semiconductor industry's most prominent high‐k dielectrics, HfO2 and ZrO2, is leading to technology developments unanticipated a decade ago. Yet the failure to clearly distinguish ferroelectric from antiferroelectric behavior is impeding progress. Band‐excitation piezoresponse force microscopy and molecular dynamics are used to elucidate the nanoscale electric field‐induced phase transitions present in ZrO2‐based antiferroelectrics. Antiferroelectric ZrO2 is clearly distinguished from a closely resembling pinched La‐doped HfO2 ferroelectric. Crystalline grains in the range of 3 – 20 nm are imaged independently undergoing reversible electric field induced phase transitions. The electrically accessible nanoscale phase transitions discovered in this study open up an unprecedented paradigm for the development of new nanoelectronic devices.
Light‐Induced Thin‐Film Transfer Processes Based on Phase Transition of GeSbTe and ITO Sacrificial Layers
Authors: Park Sang Yoon , Kim Min Kyoo , Kim Jeong Hyeon , Lee Han Eol 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the upcoming ubiquitous era, wearable/flexible electronics are spotlighted to get various types of numerous information in real time. Several researchers have investigated flexible materials, and developed diverse thin‐film transfer methods. However, there are some limitations of the intrinsic material unstabilities, and low production yield. Here, light‐induced thin‐film transfer methods are reported by using new transfer mechanism of phase transition in sacrificial materials. Lift‐off conditions with high‐energy laser are delicately optimized by theoretical calculations and experiments to minimize mechanical/thermal damages of the upper thin‐film devices. The selected sacrificial materials of GeSbTe (GST) and indium tin oxide (ITO) with the 300 nm thickness are delaminated from a transparent and rigid glass substrate by irradiating the excimer laser to the surface of the sacrificial layer. The laser‐based exfoliation mechanism of GST and ITO films are comprehended by various material surface analyses. Eventually, flexible oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are successfully demonstrated through light‐induced exfoliation process, showing the usability of the developed transfer technique to future practical applications.
Self‐Assembled Robust 2D Networks from Magneto‐Elastic Bars
Authors: Yang Xinyan , Leng Junqing , Sun Cheng , Keten Sinan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMagneto‐elastic materials facilitate features such as shape programmability, adaptive stiffness, and tunable strength, which are critical for advances in structural and robotic materials. Magneto‐elastic networks are commonly fabricated by employing hard magnets embedded in soft matrices to constitute a monolithic body. These architected network materials have excellent mechanical properties but damage incurred in extreme loading scenarios are permanent. To overcome this limitation, we present a novel design for elastic bars with permanent fixed dipole magnets at their ends and demonstrate their ability to self‐assemble into magneto‐elastic networks under random vibrations. The magneto‐elastic unit configuration, most notably the orientation of end dipoles, is shown to dictate the self‐assembled network topology, which can range from quasi‐ordered triangular lattices to stacks or strings of particles. Network mechanics are probed with uniaxial tensile tests and design criteria for forming stable lightweight 2D networks are established. It is shown that these magneto‐elastic networks rearrange and break gracefully at their magnetic nodes under large excitations and yet recover their original structure at moderate random excitations. This work paves the way for structural materials that can be self‐assembled and repaired on‐the‐fly with random vibrations, and broadens the applications of magneto‐elastic soft materials.
Ventilation and Pollutant Dispersion Analysis in the Uneven Building Arrays along with the Green Roof System
Authors: Luo Xiangyu , Zhang Weichen , Qin Zhenqi , Huang Jin , Wang Pengfei , Zhao Wensheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, uneven urban streets are explored with different standard deviations (σH = 0–0.6) through numerical simulations. The ventilation and pollutant diffusion conditions are investigated under the combined action between the thermal buoyancy force and mechanical wind force. When the thermal buoyancy is uniformly distributed, the upstream vortex gradually occupies the most area of the flow unit with the increase in σH. Three configurations of green roof systems (roof, leeward, and windward cooling schemes) are assumed to represent different thermal buoyancy distributions in the street canyon. The average air exchange rate and pollutant retention time (τ) are proposed to evaluate the ventilation efficiency and pollutant dispersion condition. The “free airflow” phenomenon occurs and gradually expands with the increase in the standard deviation of each model. The flow structure and pollutant distribution inside the urban canopy are similar in the uniformly heated and leeward cooling scheme. The windward cooling scheme presents the least local retention time in most working conditions. The roof cooling scheme aggravates the pollutant accumulation conditions inside the street canyon. This study can provide some constructive guidelines in the urban planning process and benefit the design of urban greening with different building morphologies.
Design of AIEgen‐based porphyrin for efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Bodedla Govardhana Babu , Imran Muhammad , Zhao Jianzhang , Zhu Xunjin , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTetraphenylethylene (TPE)‐conjugated porphyrin TPE‐ZnPF is synthesized in high yield and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The propeller‐shaped TPE groups not only enable exceptional aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) in the solid state but also abolish the strong π‐π stacking of porphyrin moieties and thus prohibit aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ). TPE‐ZnPF aggregates feature long‐lived photoexcited states, which subsequently suppress non‐radiative decay channels and enhance emission intensity. Moreover, its aggregates show more efficient light‐harvesting ability due to the Förster resonance energy transfer from the TPE energy donor to the porphyrin core energy acceptor, well‐defined nanosphere morphology, and more efficient photoinduced charge separation than the porphyrin Ph‐ZnPF, which possesses ACQ and agglomerated morphology. As a result, an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate (ηH2) of 56.20 mmol g‒1 h‒1 is recorded for TPE‐ZnPF aggregates, which is 94‐fold higher than that of the aggregates of Ph‐ZnPF (0.60 mmol g‒1 h‒1) without the TPE groups.
Social science as social action to address inequalities
Authors: Staines Zoe , Smith Kiah , Plage Stefanie , Lata Lutfun Nahar , Fay Suzanna , Zheng Zhaoxi , Reeves Laura Simpson , Beazley Helen , Kuskoff Ella , Clarke Andrew , McGowan Glenys , Shevellar Lynda , Prangnell Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn its most recent report, the Academy of the Social Sciences Australia (ASSA, 2021: 10) identified social inequality as a “grand challenge” for the social sciences, arguing that social scientists have a pivotal role to play in “understanding, addressing and guiding us towards a narrowing of a two‐tier society.” Nevertheless, the social sciences continue to be regularly positioned as “soft” and esoteric in relation to the natural sciences, while also sustaining disproportionate funding cuts. In this article, we—a multidisciplinary group of social science researchers forming part of the Inequalities and Social Action Research Cluster based at The University of Queensland (Australia)—draw on the existing literature and our diverse experiences to reflexively consider how academic social scientists might play the active role that ASSA foresees to address social inequalities into the future. This includes by countering the inherent imperialism of the Western academy itself. We explore the roles, barriers and tensions that social scientists face and conclude by offering a framework of key strategies to improve the translational impacts of social science research for addressing social inequalities.
Sex differences in blood biomarkers and cognitive performance in individuals with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Vila‐Castelar Clara , Chen Yinghua , Langella Stephanie , Lopera Francisco , Zetterberg Henrik , Hansson Oskar , Dage Jeffrey L. , Janelidzde Shorena , Su Yi , Chen Kewei , Pluim McDowell Celina , Martinez Jairo E. , Ramirez‐Gomez Liliana , Garcia Gloria , Aguillon David , Baena Ana , Giraldo‐Chica Margarita , Protas Hillary D. , Ghisays Valentina , Rios‐Romenets Silvia , Tariot Pierre N. , Blennow Kaj , Reiman Eric M. , Quiroz Yakeel T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPlasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (P‐tau217) and neurofilament light (NfL) have emerged as markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Few studies have examined the role of sex in plasma biomarkers in sporadic AD, yielding mixed findings, and none in autosomal dominant AD.METHODSWe examined the effects of sex and age on plasma P‐tau217 and NfL, and their association with cognitive performance in a cross‐sectional study of 621 Presenilin‐1 E280A mutation carriers (PSEN1) and non‐carriers.RESULTSAs plasma P‐tau217 levels increase, cognitively unimpaired female carriers showed better cognitive performance than cognitively unimpaired male carriers. Yet, as disease progresses, female carriers had a greater plasma NfL increase than male carriers. There were no sex differences in the association between age and plasma biomarkers among non‐carriers.DISCUSSIONOur findings suggest that, among PSEN1 mutation carriers, females had a greater rate of neurodegeneration than males, yet it did not predict cognitive performance.HIGHLIGHTS
We examined sex differences in plasma P‐tau217 and NfL in Presenilin‐1 E280A (PSEN1) mutation carriers and non‐carriers.
Female carriers had a greater plasma NfL increase, but not P‐tau217, than male carriers.
As plasma P‐tau217 levels increase, cognitively unimpaired female carriers showed better cognitive performance than cognitively unimpaired male carriers.
The interaction effect of sex by plasma NfL levels did not predict cognition among carriers.
Association of brain microbleeds with risk factors, cognition, and MRI markers in MESA
Authors: Jensen Paul N. , Rashid Tanweer , Ware Jeffrey B. , Cui Yuhan , Sitlani Colleen M. , Austin Thomas R. , Longstreth W. T. , Bertoni Alain G. , Mamourian Elizabeth , Bryan R. Nick , Nasrallah Ilya M. , Habes Mohamad , Heckbert Susan R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONLittle is known about the epidemiology of brain microbleeds in racially/ethnically diverse populations.METHODSIn the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, brain microbleeds were identified from 3T magnetic resonance imaging susceptibility‐weighted imaging sequences using deep learning models followed by radiologist review.RESULTSAmong 1016 participants without prior stroke (25% Black, 15% Chinese, 19% Hispanic, 41% White, mean age 72), microbleed prevalence was 20% at age 60 to 64.9 and 45% at ≥85 years. Deep microbleeds were associated with older age, hypertension, higher body mass index, and atrial fibrillation, and lobar microbleeds with male sex and atrial fibrillation. Overall, microbleeds were associated with greater white matter hyperintensity volume and lower total white matter fractional anisotropy.DISCUSSIONResults suggest differing associations for lobar versus deep locations. Sensitive microbleed quantification will facilitate future longitudinal studies of their potential role as an early indicator of vascular pathology.