bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Transcriptomic Signature of Cyclical Parthenogenesis
Authors: Huynh Trung Viet , Hall Alexander S , Xu Sen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cyclical parthenogenesis, where females can engage in sexual or asexual reproduction depending on environmental conditions, represents a novel reproductive phenotype that emerged during eukaryotic evolution. The fact that environmental conditions can trigger cyclical parthenogens to engage in distinct reproductive modes strongly suggests that gene expression plays a key role in the origin of cyclical parthenogenesis. However, the genetic basis underlying cyclical parthenogenesis remains understudied. In this study, we characterize the female transcriptomic signature of sexual versus asexual reproduction in the cyclically parthenogenetic microcrustacean Daphnia pulex and Daphnia pulicaria. Our analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathway enrichment, and gene ontology (GO) term enrichment clearly show that compared with sexual reproduction, the asexual reproductive stage is characterized by both the underregulation of meiosis and cell cycle genes and the upregulation of metabolic genes. The consensus set of DEGs that this study identifies within the meiotic, cell cycle, and metabolic pathways serves as candidate genes for future studies investigating how the two reproductive cycles in cyclical parthenogenesis are mediated at a molecular level. Furthermore, our analyses identify some cases of divergent expression among gene family members (e.g., doublesex and NOTCH2) associated with asexual or sexual reproductive stage, suggesting potential functional divergence among gene family members.
Impact of Obefazimod on Viral Persistence, Inflammation, and Immune Activation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Bernal Silvia , Puertas Maria C , Morón-López Sara , Cranston Ross D , Urrea Víctor , Dalmau Judith , Salgado María , Gálvez Cristina , Erkizia Itziar , McGowan Ian , Scherrer Didier , Revollo Boris , Sirera Guillem , Santos José Ramón , Clotet Bonaventura , Paredes Roger , Martinez-Picado Javier 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Persistence of viral reservoirs has been observed in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), despite long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART), and likely contributes to chronic immune activation and inflammation. Obefazimod is a novel drug that inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and reduces inflammation. Here we assess whether obefazimod is safe and might impact HIV-1 persistence, chronic immune activation, and inflammation in ART-suppressed people with HIV.

Methods
We evaluated obefazimod-related adverse events, changes in cell-associated HIV-1 DNA and RNA, residual viremia, immunophenotype, and inflammation biomarkers in blood and rectal tissue. We compared 24 ART-suppressed people with HIV who received daily doses of 50 mg obefazimod for 12 weeks (n = 13) or 150 mg for 4 weeks (n = 11) and 12 HIV-negative individuals who received 50 mg for 4 weeks.

Results
The 50- and 150-mg doses of obefazimod were safe, although the 150-mg dose showed inferior tolerability. The 150-mg dose reduced HIV-1 DNA (P = .008, median fold change = 0.6) and residual viremia in all individuals with detectable viremia at baseline. Furthermore, obefazimod upregulated miR-124 in all participants and reduced the activation markers CD38, HLA-DR, and PD-1 and several inflammation biomarkers.

Conclusions
The effect of obefazimod by reducing chronic immune activation and inflammation suggests a potential role for the drug in virus remission strategies involving other compounds that can activate immune cells, such as latency-reversing agents.
Electronic health record data quality assessment and tools: a systematic review
Authors: Lewis Abigail E , Weiskopf Nicole , Abrams Zachary B , Foraker Randi , Lai Albert M , Payne Philip R O , Gupta Aditi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
We extended a 2013 literature review on electronic health record (EHR) data quality assessment approaches and tools to determine recent improvements or changes in EHR data quality assessment methodologies.

Materials and Methods
We completed a systematic review of PubMed articles from 2013 to April 2023 that discussed the quality assessment of EHR data. We screened and reviewed papers for the dimensions and methods defined in the original 2013 manuscript. We categorized papers as data quality outcomes of interest, tools, or opinion pieces. We abstracted and defined additional themes and methods though an iterative review process.

Results
We included 103 papers in the review, of which 73 were data quality outcomes of interest papers, 22 were tools, and 8 were opinion pieces. The most common dimension of data quality assessed was completeness, followed by correctness, concordance, plausibility, and currency. We abstracted conformance and bias as 2 additional dimensions of data quality and structural agreement as an additional methodology.

Discussion
There has been an increase in EHR data quality assessment publications since the original 2013 review. Consistent dimensions of EHR data quality continue to be assessed across applications. Despite consistent patterns of assessment, there still does not exist a standard approach for assessing EHR data quality.

Conclusion
Guidelines are needed for EHR data quality assessment to improve the efficiency, transparency, comparability, and interoperability of data quality assessment. These guidelines must be both scalable and flexible. Automation could be helpful in generalizing this process.
Food Security as a Predictor of Global Pediatric Postburn Mortality
Authors: Tiongco Rafael Felix P , Ali Ayman , Puthumana Joseph S , Scott Hultman Charles , Caffrey Julie A , Cooney Carisa M , Redett Richard J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Food security (FS) is defined as access to sufficient and nutritious food. Children, especially those in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs), are disproportionately affected by low FS. We hypothesized high FS would be predictive of decreased pediatric postburn mortality in LMICs. Publicly-available, deidentified datasets were obtained from the World Health Organization’s Global Burn Registry (GBR) and Economist Intelligence Unit’s Global FS Index (GFSI). The GFSI calculates FS scores annually from intergovernmental organization data reviewed by a panel of experts. FS scores are reported on a 0 to 100 scale with 100 indicating the highest FS. Patients aged 0 to 19 yr were included; after linking GBR and GFSI datasets, countries with &lt;100 burn patients were excluded. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses. Multiple logistic regression controlling for confounders was used to quantify associations between mortality and FS score. Significance was set at P &lt; 0.05. From 2016 to 2020, there were 2,246 cases including 259 deaths (11.5%) over nine countries. Those who died had a higher median age (7 [IQR 2, 15] vs 3 [2, 6] years, P &lt; 0.001), higher proportion of females (48.6% vs 42.0%, P =0.048), and lower median FS score (55.7 [IQR 45.3, 58.2] vs 59.8 [IQR 46.7, 65.7], P &lt; 0.001). Increasing FS score was associated with decreased odds of postburn mortality [multivariable odds ratio 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.83), P &lt; 0.001]. With the association between FS and mortality, international efforts to increase FS in LMICs may help improve pediatric burn patient survival.
Galactosylation of xyloglucan is essential for the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton and endomembrane system through the proper assembly of cell walls
Authors: Xiang Min , Yuan Shuai , Zhang Qing , Liu Xiaohui , Li Qingyao , Leng Zhengmei , Sha Jingjing , Anderson Charles T , Xiao Chaowen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Xyloglucan, a major hemicellulose, interacts with cellulose and pectin to assemble primary cell walls in plants. Loss of the xyloglucan galactosyltransferase MURUS3 (MUR3) leads to the deficiency of galactosylated xyloglucan and perturbs plant growth. However, it is unclear whether defects in xyloglucan galactosylation influence the synthesis of other wall polysaccharides, cell wall integrity, cytoskeleton behaviour, and endomembrane homeostasis. Here, we found that in mur3-7 etiolated seedlings cellulose was reduced, CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) genes were down-regulated, the density and mobility of cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) were decreased, and cellulose microfibrils become discontinuous. Pectin, rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII), and boron contents were reduced in mur3-7 plants, and B-RGII cross-linking was abnormal. Wall porosity and thickness were significantly increased in mur3-7 seedlings. Endomembrane aggregation was also apparent in the mur3-7 mutant. Furthermore, mutant seedlings and their actin filaments were more sensitive to Latrunculin A (LatA) treatment. However, all defects in mur3-7 mutants were substantially restored by exogenous boric acid application. Our study reveals the importance of MUR3-mediated xyloglucan galactosylation for cell wall structural assembly and homeostasis, which is required for the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton and the endomembrane system.
Type II-P supernova progenitor star initial masses and SN 2020jfo: direct detection, light-curve properties, nebular spectroscopy, and local environment
Authors: Kilpatrick Charles D , Izzo Luca , Bentley Rory O , Chambers Kenneth C , Coulter David A , Drout Maria R , de Boer Thomas , Foley Ryan J , Gall Christa , Halford Melissa R , Jones David O , Langeroodi Danial , Lin Chien-Cheng , Magnier Eugene A , McGill Peter , O’Grady Anna J G , Pan Yen-Chen , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Rest Armin , Swift Jonathan J , Tinyanont Samaporn , Villar V Ashley , Wainscoat Richard J , Wasserman Amanda Rose , Yadavalli S Karthik , Yang Grace 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present optical, ultraviolet, and infrared data of the type II supernova (SN II) 2020jfo at 14.5 Mpc. This wealth of multiwavelength data allows us to compare different metrics commonly used to estimate progenitor masses of SN II for the same object. Using its early light curve, we infer SN 2020jfo had a progenitor radius of ≈700 R⊙, consistent with red supergiants of initial mass MZAMS =11–13 M⊙. The decline in its late-time light curve is best fit by a 56Ni mass of 0.018 ± 0.007 M⊙ consistent with that ejected from SN II-P with ≈13 M⊙ initial mass stars. Early spectra and photometry do not exhibit signs of interaction with circumstellar matter, implying that SN 2020jfo experienced weak mass-loss within the final years prior to explosion. Our spectra at &gt;250 d are best fit by models from 12 M⊙ initial mass stars. We analysed integral field unit spectroscopy of the stellar population near SN 2020jfo, finding its massive star population had a zero age main sequence mass of 9.7$\substack{+2.5\\ -1.3}~{\rm M}_{\odot }$. We identify a single counterpart in pre-explosion imaging and find it has an initial mass of at most $7.2\substack{+1.2\\ -0.6}~{\rm M}_{\odot }$. We conclude that the inconsistency between this mass and indirect mass indicators from SN 2020jfo itself is most likely caused by extinction with AV = 2–3 mag due to matter around the progenitor star, which lowered its observed optical luminosity. As SN 2020jfo did not exhibit extinction at this level or evidence for interaction with circumstellar matter between 1.6 and 450 d from explosion, we conclude that this material was likely confined within ≈3000 R⊙ from the progenitor star.
Regulation of Atp7a RNA contributes to differentiation-dependent Cu redistribution in skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Whitlow Thomas J , Zhang Yu , Ferguson Nathan , Perez Alexandra M , Patel Hemchandra , Link-Kemp Josephine A , Larson Ethan M , Mezzell Allison T , Shanbhag Vinit C , Petris Michael J , Vest Katherine E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cu (Cu) is essential for several biochemical pathways due to its role as a catalytic cofactor or allosteric regulator of enzymes. Its import and distribution are tightly controlled by transporters and metallochaperones and Cu homeostasis is maintained by balancing Cu uptake and export. Genetic diseases are caused by impaired Cu transporters CTR1, ATP7A, or ATP7B but little is known about the regulatory mechanisms by which these proteins meet the fluctuating demands of Cu in specific tissues. Cu is required for differentiation of skeletal myoblasts to myotubes. Here, we demonstrate that ATP7A is needed for myotube formation and that its increased abundance during differentiation is mediated by stabilization of Atp7a mRNA via the 3′ untranslated region. Increased ATP7A levels during differentiation resulted in increased Cu delivery to lysyl oxidase, a secreted cuproenzyme that needed for myotube formation. These studies identify a previously unknown role for Cu in regulating muscle differentiation and have broad implications for understanding Cu-dependent differentiation in other tissues.
The complement system in IgAN: mechanistic context for therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Duval Anna , Caillard Sophie , Frémeaux-Bacchi Véronique 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The complement system plays a crucial role in innate immunity, providing essential defense against pathogens. However, uncontrolled or prolonged activation of the complement cascade can significantly contribute to kidney damage, especially in cases of glomerulonephritis. Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most prevalent form of primary glomerulonephritis, has growing evidence supporting the involvement of complement alternative and lectin pathways. In fact, patients with IgAN experience complement activation within their kidney tissue, which may be involved in the development of glomerular damage and the progression of IgAN. Complement activation has emerged as a significant area of interest in IgAN, with numerous complement-targeting agents currently being explored within this field. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of complement activation and their role in IgAN progression require comprehensive elucidation. This review seeks to contextualize the proposed mechanisms of complement activation within the various stages (“hits”) of IgAN pathogenesis, while also addressing the clinical implications and anticipated outcomes of complement inhibition in IgAN.
Relational continuity in community policing: Insights from a human-centred design perspective
Authors: Signori Roberta , Heinrich Dagmar P , Wootton Andrew B , Davey Caroline L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Community policing prioritises building positive relationships between police officers and local communities. The approach focuses on working with communities to identify and address the causes of crime and disorder, rather than just reacting to calls for service. Officer’s continuity in community policing has been a concern, with calls for greater consistency in the posting of officers to local neighbourhoods. Through the Cutting Crime Impact (CCI) project, Greater Manchester Police (GMP) identified that when community police officers leave their post, knowledge and relationships they've built with the community are lost. This jeopardises citizens' trust and perceptions of the police. To preserve the important connections that community policing officers build in their neighbourhoods, GMP adopted a human-centred design approach to research and develop a novel handover protocol. This work has enabled development of a conceptual framework for 'relational continuity' in community policing, inspired by research into therapeutic relationships in health care disciplines.
The vicious circle of policy advisory systems and knowledge regimes in consolidated authoritarian regimes
Authors: Bakir Caner 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
So far, interest in policy and political sciences has mostly centered around the varieties of policy advisory systems (PASs) and knowledge regimes in consolidated democracies rather than in consolidated autocracies, which largely remain as black boxes. Drawing on a hybrid literature review, this article aims to fill this gap. It reviews selected articles published between 1992 and February 2023 in the Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge Social Science Citation Index database to not only to reveal the current state of empirical and theoretical knowledge and persistent knowledge gaps but also to offer an integration of the literature that leads to a preliminary conceptual framework in this emerging topic. In doing so, it contributes to the body of knowledge on this topic in three main ways. First, it provides a comprehensive review of PASs in consolidated autocracies to identify the central features of policy knowledge production within and across autocracies. Second, it proposes “the vicious circle of authoritarian PAS and knowledge regime” as a conceptual approach. In doing so, it takes a modest step toward a holistic conceptualization and synthesis of this literature to date. Third, it establishes connections between fragmented literature studies; identifies theoretical, conceptual, empirical, and methodological gaps; and proposes suggestions concerning promising paths for future research.
Can journal reviewers dependably assess rigour, significance, and originality in theoretical papers? Evidence from physics
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Hołyst Janusz A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPeer review is a key gatekeeper for academic journals, attempting to block inadequate submissions or correcting them to a publishable standard, as well as improving those that are already satisfactory. The three key aspects of research quality are rigour, significance, and originality but no prior study has assessed whether journal reviewers are ever able to judge these effectively. In response, this article compares reviewer scores for these aspects for theoretical articles in the SciPost Physics journal. It also compares them with Italian research assessment exercise physics reviewer agreement scores. SciPost Physics theoretical articles give a nearly ideal case: a theoretical aspect of a mature science, for which suitable reviewers might comprehend the entire paper. Nevertheless, intraclass correlations between the first two reviewers for the three core quality scores were similar and moderate, 0.36 (originality), 0.39 (significance), and 0.40 (rigour), so there is no aspect that different reviewers are consistent about. Differences tended to be small, with 86% of scores agreeing or differing by 1 on a 6-point scale. Individual reviewers were most likely to give similar scores for significance and originality (Spearman 0.63), and least likely to for originality and validity (Spearman 0.38). Whilst a lack of norm referencing is probably the biggest reason for differences between reviewers, others include differing background knowledge, understanding, and beliefs about valid assumptions. The moderate agreement between reviewers on the core aspects of scientific quality, including rigour, in a nearly ideal case is concerning for the security of the wider academic record.
Schizophrenia in Print, Digital, and Audiovisual Media: Trends, Topics, and Results From an Anti-Stigma Intervention Targeting Media Professionals
Authors: Holmberg Christopher 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundNegative portrayals of schizophrenia in media can prompt the condition’s stigmatization. However, because research on language stigmatizing schizophrenia has focused on paper-based media, its results have limited generalizability to contemporary media. Also, research on interventions to guide media professionals in accurately depicting schizophrenia has been scarce. The present study had two aims: (1) to assess how print, web, and radio/TV news media in Sweden portray schizophrenia and (2) to evaluate a campaign targeting media professionals’ responses to information about schizophrenia and the consequences of stigmatizing language.Study DesignUsing data from Retriever’s database, considering media types and topics, the terms “schizophrenia” and “schizophrenic” were examined in the past 20 years, whereas analyses of stigmatizing reporting of these terms used media from the past 10 years. Media professionals’ responses and actions in the anti-stigma information campaign StigmaWatch were also evaluated.Study ResultsBetween 2002 and 2022, “schizophrenia” was mentioned 34 141 times in the dataset and “schizophrenic” 10 058 times. However, no trends were statistically significant. All media topics and most types of media contained stigmatizing reporting. Of the 230 media professionals who received informative emails from StigmaWatch, 77 (33%) responded. Most responses were supportive, and 14% of the professionals reported taking corrective measures (eg, revising erroneous descriptions of schizophrenia) following the email.ConclusionsNo media topic was free of language stigmatizing schizophrenia. The anti-stigma information campaign seemed to have been effective, for most media professionals who responded were supportive, and a sizable proportion reported taking corrective measures.
Effects of supplemental zinc on growth, carcass characteristics, and liver abscess formation in steers with experimentally induced ruminal acidosis challenge
Authors: Lundy-Woolfolk Erika L , Genther-Schroeder Olivia N , Branine Mark , Hansen Stephanie L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The study’s aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary Zn supplementation on steer performance, biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism, and liver abscess formation in response to a mild acidosis challenge. Forty-two steers (417 ± 3.99 kg; n = 6/pen) were housed in pens with bunks designed to measure individual dry matter intake (DMI) and fed one of two diets containing either 0 (CON; n = 18) or 90 mg Zn/kg from a Zn-amino acid complex (Zn-AA; n = 18; AvailaZn; Zinpro) for 109 d. Six additional steers were fed the CON diet and did not undergo the acidosis challenge (NON; n = 6). The acidosis challenge included restricting steers to 50% of the previous 7 d daily DMI on days 46 and 47, steers were individually provided 10% of DMI as cracked corn (as-fed) at 0800 h followed by ad libitum feed access 2 h post-grain consumption. Steer was the experimental unit, and two contrasts were constructed: NON vs. CON and CON vs. Zn-AA. Blood samples were collected on days 40, 48, 53, 69, 80, and 108 and analyzed as repeated measures. Final body weight and overall average daily gain (2.29, 2.30, and 2.31 ± 0.920 kg/d for CON, Zn-AA, and NON, respectively) were not different (P ≥ 0.74) between treatments. By design, DMI was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for NON compared to CON on day 46 but was not different (P ≥ 0.41) for the rest of the experiment. While hot carcass weight (423, 428, and 424 ± 7.9 kg for CON, Zn-AA, and NON, respectively) and ribeye area were not different (P ≥ 0.53) due to treatment, marbling score tended (P = 0.06) to be greater in CON compared to Zn-AA. The 12th rib backfat thickness was greater (P = 0.05) in NON vs. CON steers. Liver abscess incidence tended to be greater (P = 0.12) in CON (24% abscesses) vs. Zn-AA (6% abscesses). NON had a greater incidence (P = 0.05; 50% abscesses) compared to CON. Overall, blood fibrinogen and leukocyte counts were not different between treatments (P ≥ 0.67); however, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio tended to be greater in NON vs. CON (P = 0.08). Serum aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase concentrations were greater in NON vs. CON (P ≤ 0.02), and serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was lesser in CON vs. Zn-AA (P &lt; 0.01). Overall, dietary Zn supplementation tended to lessen incidence of liver abscesses with limited impacts on overall cattle performance. Shifts in liver enzymes may represent opportunities to identify cattle with liver abscesses earlier in the feeding period.