bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Narrowband OLED with Low Efficiency Roll‐Off Based on Sulfur‐Incorporated Organoboron Emitter
Authors: Li Deli , Li Mengke , Liu Denghui , Yang Jiaji , Li Wei , Yang Zhihai , Yuan Haoxiang , Jiang Simin , Peng Xiaomei , Yang Guo‐Xi , Xie Wentao , Qiu Weidong , Gan Yiyang , Liu Kunkun , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMulti‐resonance (MR) based organoboron emitters exhibiting high‐efficiency narrowband thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have become a critical material component for constructing high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with high color purity and high color gamut. However, most of the MR‐TADF devices suffer from severe efficiency roll‐off at high current density due to the relatively large singlet–triplet splitting energy, long excited state lifetime, and slow reverse intersystem crossing rate (k
RISC). Herein, by utilizing a sulfur atom‐fused donor unit, 7H‐benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3‐b]carbazole, an organic boron emitter (BTC‐BNCz) capable of high efficiency and low efficiency roll‐off narrowband TADF emission is developed. Benefitting from the heavy atom effect of the sulfur atom, kRISC up to 1.6 × 105 s−1 is achieved, which could greatly reduce the undesired quenching effect. Consequently, the OLED using BTC‐BNCz as dopant exhibits high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.0% with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 35 nm. Moreover, by utilizing a TADF material with a high horizontal dipole ratio as assistant host, outstanding device performance is achieved with a maximum EQE of 35.2% and FWHM of 37 nm, featuring slow efficiency roll‐off.
Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclizations and [3+2]‐Annulation Cascades between 1,5‐Diyn‐3‐ols and Nitrones to Construct Carbazole Frameworks
Authors: Tanpure Sudhakar Dattatray , Dhole Manoj Dilip , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGold‐catalyzed cascade reactions between 1,5‐diyn‐3‐ols and nitrones to deliver carbazole derivatives are described. Such cascade reactions are applicable to facile synthesis of polyaromatic compounds containing carbazole subunits. Notably, the reaction mechanism involves unexpected oxoarylations, rather than oxidative Mannich reactions as known for but‐1‐yn‐4‐ols. Our control experiments indicate that the presence of a second alkyne as in 1,5‐diyn‐3‐ols enables such oxoarylations due to a weak bonding between gold and this alkyne, rending the tethered alcohol less conformationally flexible.
Biocompatible α‐Methylenation of Metabolic Butyraldehyde in Living Bacteria
Authors: Dennis Jonathan A. , Johnson Nick W. , Thorpe Thomas W. , Wallace Stephen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSmall molecule organocatalysts are abundant in all living organisms. However, their use as organocatalysts in cells has been underexplored. Herein, we report that organocatalytic aldol chemistry can be interfaced with living Escherichia coli to enable the α‐methylenation of cellular aldehydes using biogenic amines such as L‐Pro or phosphate. The biocompatible reaction is mild and can be interfaced with butyraldehyde generated from D‐glucose via engineered metabolism to enable the production of 2‐methylenebutanal (2‐MB) and 2‐methylbutanal (2‐MBA) by anaerobic fermentation, and 2‐methylbutanol (2‐MBO) by whole‐cell catalysis. Overall, this study demonstrates the combination of non‐enzymatic organocatalytic and metabolic reactions in vivo for the sustainable synthesis of valuable non‐natural chemicals that cannot be accessed using enzymatic chemistry alone.
A Rapid Sputum‐based Lateral Flow Assay for Airway Eosinophilia using an RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme Selected for Eosinophil Peroxidase
Authors: Ali M. Monsur , Mukherjee Manali , Radford Katherine , Patel Zil , Capretta Alfredo , Nair Parameswaran , Brennan John D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe first protein‐binding allosteric RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme (RCD) obtained by direct in vitro selection against eosinophil peroxidase (EPX), a validated marker for airway eosinophilia, is described. The RCD has nanomolar affinity for EPX, shows high selectivity against related peroxidases and other eosinophil proteins, and is resistant to degradation by mammalian nucleases. An optimized RCD was used to develop both fluorescence and lateral flow assays, which were evaluated using 38 minimally processed patient sputum samples (23 non‐eosinophilic, 15 eosinophilic), producing a clinical sensitivity of 100 % and specificity of 96 %. This RCD‐based lateral flow assay should allow for rapid evaluation of airway eosinophilia as an aid for guiding asthma therapy.
A Strategy for Controlling the Polymerizations of Thiyl Radical Propagation by RAFT Agents
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wang Yongjin , Huang Hanchu , Cao Derong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe ability to extend the polymerizations of thiyl radical propagation to be regulated by existing controlled methods would be highly desirable, yet remained very challenging to achieve because the thiyl radicals still cannot be reversibly controlled by these methods. In this article, we reported a novel strategy that could enable the radical ring‐opening polymerization of macrocyclic allylic sulfides, wherein propagating specie is thiyl radical, to be controlled by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents. The key to the success of this strategy is the propagating thiyl radical can undergo desulfurization with isocyanide and generate a stabilized alkyl radical for reversible control. Systematic optimization of the reaction conditions allowed good control over the polymerization, leading to the formation of polymers with well‐defined architectures, exemplified by the radical block copolymerization of macrocyclic allylic sulfides and vinyl monomers and the incorporation of sequence‐defined segments into the polymer backbone. This work represents a significant step toward directly enabling the polymerizations of heteroatom‐centered radical propagation to be regulated by existing reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization techniques.
A Bayesian statistics tutorial for clinical research: Prior distributions and meaningful results for small clinical samples
Authors: Larson Caroline , Kaplan David , Girolamo Teresa , Kover Sara T. , Eigsti Inge‐Marie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesBayesian statistics provides an effective, reliable approach for research with small clinical samples and yields clinically meaningful results that can bridge research and practice. This tutorial demonstrates how Bayesian statistics can be effectively and reliably implemented with a small, heterogeneous participant sample to promote reproducible and clinically relevant research.Methods/ResultsWe tested example research questions pertaining to language and clinical features in autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 20), a condition characterized by significant heterogeneity. We provide step‐by‐step instructions and visualizations detailing how to (1) identify and develop prior distributions from the literature base, (2) evaluate model convergence and reliability, and (3) compare models with different prior distributions to select the best performing model. Moreover, in step three, we demonstrate how to determine whether a sample size is sufficient for reliably interpreting model results. We also provide instructions detailing how to examine results with varied bounds of clinical interest, such as the probability that an effect will reflect at least one standard deviation change in scores on a standardized assessment. This information facilitates generalization and application of Bayesian results to a variety of clinical research questions and settings.ConclusionThe tutorial concludes with suggestions for future clinical research, ensuring the utility of our step‐by‐step instructions for a broad clinical audience.
Autophagy mediates cementoblast mineralization under compression through periostin/β‐catenin axis
Authors: Yang Yuhui , Liu Hao , Wang Ruoxi , Zhao Yi , Zheng Yunfei , Huang Yiping , Li Weiran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRepair of orthodontic external root resorption and periodontal tissue dysfunction induced by mechanical force remains a clinical challenge. Cementoblasts are vital in cementum mineralization, a process important for restoring damaged cementum. Despite autophagy plays a role in mineralization under various environmental stimuli, the underlying mechanism of autophagy in mediating cementoblast mineralization remains unclear. Here we verified that murine cementoblasts exhibit compromised mineralization under compressive force. Autophagy was indispensable for cementoblast mineralization, and autophagic activation markedly reversed cementoblast mineralization and prevented cementum damage in mice during tooth movement. Subsequently, messenger RNA sequencing analyses identified periostin (Postn) as a mediator of autophagy and mineralization in cementoblasts. Cementoblast mineralization was significantly inhibited following the knockdown of Postn. Furthermore, Postn silencing suppressed Wnt signaling by modulating the stability of β‐catenin. Together our results highlight the role of autophagy in cementoblast mineralization via Postn/β‐catenin signaling under compressive force and may provide a new strategy for the remineralization of cementum and regeneration of periodontal tissue.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID‐19‐associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: A nationwide analysis
Authors: Watanabe Atsuyuki , Malik Aaqib , Aikawa Tadao , Briasoulis Alexandros , Kuno Toshiki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used for COVID‐19‐associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to elucidate the association between ECMO and mortality in patients with COVID‐19‐associated ARDS in the nationwide setting. United States National Inpatient Sample was used to identify mechanically ventilated adults for COVID‐19 with ARDS. We divided them into three groups according to the use of ECMO (i.e., no‐ECMO, venovenous [VV]‐ECMO, and venoarterial [VA]‐ECMO). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, while the secondary outcomes included the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the total costs during hospitalization. We performed a stepwise logistic regression, adjusting for baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and severity. We included 68 795 (mean age [SD]: 63.5 [0.1]), 3280 (mean age [SD]: 48.7 [0.5]), and 340 (mean age [SD]: 43.3 [2.1]) patients who received no‐, VV‐, and VA‐ECMO, respectively. The logistic regression analysis did not show significant associations between the use of VV‐/VA‐ECMO and mortality (adjusted odds ratio with no‐ECMO as reference [95% confidence interval]: 1.03 [0.86−1.24] and 1.18 [0.64−2.15], respectively). While LOS was longest with VV‐ECMO, the total costs were highest with VA‐ECMO. In conclusion, our study found no association between the use of ECMO and mortality of COVID‐19‐associated ARDS in the nationwide setting.
Regional wave climate projections forced by EURO‐CORDEX winds for the Black Sea and Sea of Azov towards the end of the 21st century
Authors: Çakmak Recep Emre , Çalışır Emre , Lemos Gil , Akpınar Adem , Semedo Alvaro , Cardoso Rita M. , Soares Pedro M. M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWave phenomena impact high commercial value coastal and offshore activities, infrastructures and transportation. The knowledge of future wave conditions allows for consistent long‐term planning and decision‐making. The present study aims to provide robust, reliable projections of the potential future wave conditions of the Black Sea under the influence of climate change. For this purpose, an eight‐member dynamic wave climate ensemble that accurately represents the Black Sea's present wave climate has been produced, and future projections are assessed and analysed here. The wave climate ensemble was obtained by forcing the Simulating Waves Nearshore spectral wave model with eight regional wind fields from the EURO‐CORDEX. The future simulations of the regional wind fields are based on the RCP8.5 high‐emission scenario. The historical wave climate of the ensemble was evaluated against ERA5 reanalysis data. Projected changes in the mean wind and wave characteristics are examined by comparing historical and future simulations. In addition, the projected trends in the annual means during the future period of the wave simulations for significant wave height (Hs) and wave energy flux are also analysed. The projections for Hs and wind speeds are pronounced with significant decreases down to −10% across the basin, especially in the eastern region of the Black Sea. Changes in the Hs 99% percentiles of up to 16% are projected to occur. The projected changes in the annual mean of the wave energy flux are close to the projected changes in Hs means, while the seasonal changes (between −15% and 12%) are expected to be higher.
Vegetation and climate dynamics at the dawn of human settlement: multiproxy palaeoenvironmental evidence from the Hashilan Wetland, western Iran
Authors: Safaierad Reza , Matthews Roger , Dupont Lydie , Zolitschka Bernd , Marinova Elena , Djamali Morteza , Vogt Christoph , Azizi Ghasem , Lahijani Hamid A.K. , Matthews Wendy 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe scarcity of high‐resolution palaeoclimate records from the interior of West Asia has limited our understanding of the mechanisms of past climate change and their potential impacts on early human societies of the Eastern Fertile Crescent. Here, we present a multiproxy sedimentological, geochemical and palynological record from the Hashilan Wetland in the central Zagros Mountains, spanning the time interval from 22 to 2.2 kcal bp. Our results indicate a cold, dry climate for the last deglaciation (22 to 10 kcal
bp) with amplified aridity during the Last Glacial Maximum, Heinrich Stadial 1, the Younger Dryas and the 8.2 and 3.2 ka events. The Early Holocene (11.6 to 7.8 kcal
bp) is characterised by prolonged dry summers, frequent spring/summer dust storms and restricted oak woodlands that gradually expanded as summers shortened toward the second half of the Holocene (<6 kcal
bp). We show an out‐of‐phase Holocene moisture variation between the interior of West Asia and the Indian Summer Monsoon domain and conclude that summer insolation‐driven latitudinal shifts of the Hadley cell played a key role in seasonality changes in the interior of West Asia by modulating the strength and pathway of the subtropical high‐pressure cells. Finally, we explore possible impacts of these changes on regional prehistoric human communities.
Consumer engagement with AI‐powered voice assistants: A behavioral reasoning perspective
Authors: Acikgoz Fulya , Perez‐Vega Rodrigo , Okumus Fevzi , Stylos Nikolaos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study draws upon Behavioral Reasoning Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to investigate consumer engagement with AI‐powered voice assistants. The study creates a theoretical model to examine the effects of reasons for and reasons against using voice assistants. This research exemplifies attitudes towards using voice assistants and willingness to provide personal information as key constructs. The current study tests data from 491 voice assistant users via mTurk, and we utilize a multimethod analysis scheme including the partial least squares technique and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis approach to provide an assessment of the proposed model. Findings indicated that while privacy cynicism has a negative impact upon the attitude towards using voice assistants, the countervailing values of trust, perceived usefulness, and ease of use have off‐setting positive impact. The study also highlights the moderating role of habit on the behavioral mechanisms driving consumer engagement via willingness to provide privacy information. This research advances the emerging literature on voice assistants with respect to privacy‐related factors driving consumer engagement.
The role of students' mathematics perception and self‐efficacy toward their mathematics achievement
Authors: Shone Enkosa Terefe , Weldemeskel Fisseha Mikre , Worku Berhanu Nigussie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeterioration of students' mathematics achievement has been a common problem while their mathematics perception and self‐efficacy have been reported to determine their achievement. However, little is known about the potential relationships among them. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the extent of influence of students' mathematics perception and self‐efficacy toward mathematics achievement. Randomly selected 643 students for questionnaire, six mathematics teachers for interview and two FGDs were conducted with students. The findings revealed that students' mathematics perception and self‐efficacy were positively and strongly related to their mathematics achievement (r = 0.767, p < .001 and r = 0.797, p < .001) respectively. Regression result reported 75.4% of the variation in students' mathematics achievement was accounted for by students' mathematics perception and self‐efficacy (R2 = 75.4). The two predictors explained a statistically significant amount of variance in mathematics achievement, [F (2637) = 975.99, p = .001]. Mathematics perception [β = .44, t (17.56), p = .001] and self‐efficacy [β = .52, t (637) = 20.84, p = .001] were reported as significant predictors of students' mathematics achievement. There was a statistically significant gender difference in students' mathematics perception [t (641) = 2.77, p < .001], self‐efficacy [t (638) = 5.43, p < .001], and mathematics achievement [t (638) = 5.43, p < .001].
Pharmacological characterisation of the effort for reward task as a measure of motivation for reward in male mice
Authors: Marangoni Caterina , Tam Melissa , Robinson Emma S. J. , Jackson Megan G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rationale
Motivational deficits are a common symptom shared across multiple psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Effort-based decision-making tasks are a translatable method for assessing motivational state. Much of the preclinical validation of the task derives from acute pharmacological manipulations in rats. However, mice currently offer a greater genetic toolkit to study risk genes and phenotypic models. Despite this, there is limited characterisation of their behaviour in this type of motivation task.

Objectives
Here, we investigate the effort for reward (EfR) task as a measure of motivational state in mice using drugs previously shown to modulate effort-based decision-making in rats and humans.

Method
Using male C57bl/6j mice, we test the effects of drugs which modulate DA transmission. We also test the effects of CP101-606 which does not act directly via DA modulation but has been shown to exert beneficial effects on motivational state. Finally, we test the sensitivity of the task to a chronic corticosterone (CORT) treatment.

Results
Amphetamine, methylphenidate, and CP101606 in mice increased high-effort responses for high-value reward, while administration of haloperidol decreased high-effort responses. Surprisingly, tetrabenazine had no effect at the doses tested. Chronic, low-dose CORT consumption did not alter task performance.

Conclusion
These data suggest that the EfR task is sensitive to acute dopaminergic modulation and NR2B selective antagonism in mice. However, it may lack sensitivity to non-acute phenotypic models. Further work is required to demonstrate the utility of the task in this context.
Postural adjustments to self-triggered perturbations under conditions of changes in body orientation
Authors: Pascucci Francesco , Cesari Paola , Bertucco Matteo , Latash Mark L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe studied anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments (APAs and CPAs) associated with self-triggered postural perturbations in conditions with changes in the initial body orientation. In particular, we were testing hypotheses on adjustments in the reciprocal and coactivation commands, role of proximal vs. distal muscles, and correlations between changes in indices of APAs and CPAs. Healthy young participants stood on a board with full support or reduced support area and held a standard load in the extended arms. They released the load in a self-paced manned with a standard small-amplitude arm movement. Electromyograms of 12 muscles were recorded and used to compute reciprocal and coactivation indices between three muscle pairs on both sides of the body. The subject’s body was oriented toward one of three targets: straight ahead, 60° to the left, and 60° to the right. Body orientation has stronger effects on proximal muscle pairs compared to distal muscles. It led to more consistent changes in the reciprocal command compared to the coactivation command. Indices of APAs and CPAs showed positive correlations across conditions. We conclude that the earlier suggested hierarchical relations between the reciprocal and coactivation command could be task-specific. Predominance of negative or positive correlations between APA and CPA indices could also be task-specific.
TrackAER: real-time event-based quantitative flow visualization
Authors: Rusch Alexander , Rösgen Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present a novel event-based quantitative flow visualization system, TrackAER, capable of continuously reconstructing, rendering and recording particle tracks in large test volumes without limitations on the measurement duration. Multiple event-based cameras are synchronized and calibrated to produce independent and asynchronous, yet temporally co-registered data streams of flow tracer positions. Subsequently, these data streams are merged into time-resolved three-dimensional particle tracks using photogrammetric techniques. Due to the operating principle of event cameras, the flow scenery is reduced to moving objects only, which effectively compresses the data stream at the camera source. In combination with an efficient data processing pipeline, the measurement system operates in real-time, reconstructing and rendering the investigated flow field without noticeable time lag. The data processing approach follows a “per-event” paradigm and enables the immediate observation and analysis of both, transient and long duration flow features. Specific issues resulting from event-based, frame-free processing are discussed as well as the advantages and limitations of event cameras. Exemplary results are provided to demonstrate the utility of the TrackAER system where Lagrangian particle track information is displayed in a virtual scene together with extracted quantitative information such as local flow velocities.
Spherical Two-Distance Sets and Eigenvalues of Signed Graphs
Authors: Jiang Zilin , Tidor Jonathan , Yao Yuan , Zhang Shengtong , Zhao Yufei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study the problem of determining the maximum size of a spherical two-distance set with two fixed angles (one acute and one obtuse) in high dimensions. Let $$N_{\alpha ,\beta }(d)$$

N

α
,
β

(
d
)

denote the maximum number of unit vectors in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

where all pairwise inner products lie in $$\{\alpha ,\beta \}$$

{
α
,
β
}

. For fixed $$-1\le \beta<0\le \alpha <1$$

-
1
≤
β
<
0
≤
α
<
1

, we propose a conjecture for the limit of $$N_{\alpha ,\beta }(d)/d$$

N

α
,
β

(
d
)

/
d

as $$d \rightarrow \infty $$

d
→
∞

in terms of eigenvalue multiplicities of signed graphs. We determine this limit when $$\alpha +2\beta <0$$

α
+
2
β
<
0

or $$(1-\alpha )/(\alpha -\beta ) \in \{1, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt{3}\}$$

(
1
-
α
)

/

(
α
-
β
)

∈

{
1
,

2

,

3

}

.Our work builds on our recent resolution of the problem in the case of $$\alpha = -\beta $$

α
=
-
β

(corresponding to equiangular lines). It is the first determination of $$\lim _{d \rightarrow \infty } N_{\alpha ,\beta }(d)/d$$

lim

d
→
∞

N

α
,
β

(
d
)

/
d

for any nontrivial fixed values of $$\alpha $$
α
and $$\beta $$
β
outside of the equiangular lines setting.