bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptability and damage capacity of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on various Gramineae: a laboratory study
Authors: Supartha I W , Susila I W , Yudha I K W , Utama I W E K , Yasa I W S , Gautama P M P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiferda is a pest that initially attacks corn plants in tropical and subtropical regions such as America. At the beginning of 2019, the S. frugiperda entered Indonesia and was first found to attack corn plants in Sumatra. In the same year 2019, the pest was also found attacking corn plants in Bali. Until now, the presence of these pests has spread to various parts of the world and is not limited to corn plants but also to other Graminae plants. This study aims to determine the type of alternative host plant S. frugiperda in other graminae families. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) using six 5 types of host plants as treatments and five replications. Research on the adaptation of S. frugiperda to host plants was carried out in the laboratory, while observations of the level of damage to plants were carried out using the scoring method based on the percentage of attack area on the leaves. The results showed that S. frugiperda was only able to adapt to the four host plants tested, namely hybrid corn, sorghum and local rice, while hybrid rice and rice varieties of Ciherang were not selected, which was indicated by their preference for not choosing these plants as spawning sites. S. frugiperda showed the best selectivity level for hybrid maize as host. In general, the characteristics of the damage caused by S. frugiperda were almost the same in each of the test plants. The highest level of damage was found during the fourth observation on Hybrid Corn in the heavy category. Attacks and leaf damage were not found in Hybrid Rice and Ciherang Rice Varieties. The findings of this study are useful in predicting population dynamics of S. frugiperda especially in areas cultivating Graminae crops, to develop sustainable integrated pest management strategies for this pest.
Effect of Trap Height Level on The Capture of Fruit Fly (Bactrocera spp.) on Crystal Guava Field
Authors: Susanto Agus , Tohidin  , Sunarto Toto , Sinaga Luciana Veronica , Nugroho Ariyo , Basuki Muhamad , Djaya Luciana , Fadillah Andi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) is one of the most important pest of crystal guava. The use of bottle as a trap with methyl eugenol block (ME block) as an attractant is commonly applied to control the population of fruit fly. The objective of this research was to determine the most effective height level of the trap to capture fruit fly. This experiment was conducted at the Great Giant Foods, Lampung. The experiment was arranged in the randomized block design which consisted of 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were trap height level at 50 cm, 75 cm, 100 cm, 125 cm, 150 cm, and 175 cm above the ground. Each trap was laced with 2 ml of ME block. The results showed that height variations affected the number of captured fruit fly in crystal guava field. The best trap for catching fruit flies on crystal guavas that have been produced for more than a year old that have 150 cm tall plants is one with a height level of 125 cm. The fruit flies caught were identified as Bactrocera dorsalis and B. carambolae.
Survey of coffee damage by coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) attack in Purwabakti, Pamijahan – Bogor
Authors: Mubin Nadzirum , Audia Bela Hasna , Andina Khalisa Sasti , Diyasti Farriza 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is the main pest that causes damage to coffee berries. The attack caused a decrease in the quality and quantity of coffee fruit production. This study aimed to determine the level of CBB attacks in Purwabakti Village, Pamijahan, Bogor. The method was to take ripe coffee berries from 25 trees diagonally and then calculate the level of damage to the coffee berries due to CBB attacks. The results were from 25 robusta coffee trees with as many as 405 grains (568.2 g) with a percentage of fruit that was symptomatic at 86.99% and asymptomatic at 13.01% based on visual characters. Asymptomatic fruit had a smaller mean weight (12.42 g/10 berries) than symptomatic fruit (14.32 g/10 berries) (P<0.0002). This indicated that the fruit with symptomatic characteristics still had a greater weight even though CBB had attacked it.
Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. secondary metabolites formulation in controlling vascular streak dieback of cacao
Authors: Harni R , Lakani I , Puspitasari M , Hafif B , Fadhlia S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Vascular-streak dieback (VSD) is the main disease of the cacao plant caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae. The VSD disease can potentially reduce cacao yields by up to 45%. VSD control using secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp. can suppress the disease incidence in the field. The research aimed to study the effectiveness of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp. in controlling VSD diseases in field conditions. This research performed in cacao fields owned by a farmer in Rahmat Village, Palolo Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, that were infested by VSD. Treatments were applied using a randomized block design and replicated 5 times with 10 plants of each. The formulations used in the treatment were; liquid of T. virens, liquid of T. amazonicum, powder of T. virens, powder of T. amazonicum, granulates T. virens, granulates T. amazonicum, chemical fungicide (as a comparison), and control. The liquid formula formulated with molasses as carrier material, the granulate formula used zeolite, compost, and peat, whereas the powder formula used lactose. The liquid formula was applied through root infusion, granulated formula was sprinkled around the rooting area, and the powder by spraying on all parts of the plants. The observation was about the infection symptom, disease incidence, and cacao production/yield. The result showed that T. virens and T. amazonicum secondary metabolites can suppress the disease incidence of VSD by 8.61–19.50% and improve cacao production by 12.19-37.01%. The most effective formulation suppressing the disease’s incidence is a liquid formula applied through root infusion.
Diversity and Population Dynamics of Pest in Sambawa Tea Plantation, West Java
Authors: Rahmah N N , Sartiami D , Kusumah R Y M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tea plants are grown in monoculture on a large scale, so that can be a caused pest in the high population. This study aims to determine the diversity and dynamics of pest populations in Sambawa tea plantations in West Java. Tea pests are found in the crop and on the leaves picked at the plant. The dynamics of the pest population were noted by observing the area of attack, the intensity of the attack, and population density. Twenty-one pests on tea plants were identified based on their morphological characteristics and symptoms. Among them, seven species attack bud and young leaf, two species attack old leaf, twelve species attack young and old leaves, and one pest attacks tree trunk. Twelve pests were carried to the factory’s withering tub of leaves. Tea green leafhopper (Empoasca sp.), tea leaf roller (Caloptilia theivora), tea mosquito bug (Helopeltis bradyi), and tea tortrix (Adoxophyes sp. and Homona coffearia) were the main pests at the observation site. The population of tea green leafhoppers decreased after the second application of pesticides, post-picking, and heavy rains. The tea leaf roller was not found after the first and second pesticide applications. The population of tea leaf rollers began to increase during picking until the last observation. The highest population of tea mosquito bugs was found after the second pesticide application. The population of tea tortrix decreased after the second pesticide application.
Improved cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) growth and production by application of potassium
Authors: Sungkono  , Setiawan Kukuh , Fatah Latif Nurul , Rieswanto Dadang , Hadi Muhammad Syamsoel , Ardian  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Indonesia is the fifth countries in term of cassava production in the world. The biggest cassava area in Indonesia is Lampung. One of the important nutrient fertilizers to improve cassava production is potassium. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate distribution of photoassimilate by determining cassava growth and production under different potassium dosages. Treatment was arranged by factorial (2x3) in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two reps. The first factor was two cassava clones, UJ3 and UJ5 and the second factor was three potassium (KCl) dosages, 0, 150, and 300 kg/ha. The variables observed in this study were plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of leaf, total root number and swollen root number, distribution of root number, root length, root distribution, and root weight. The result showed that under fertilizer of 300 kg KCl/ha, stem dry weight of UJ3 and UJ5 was not significantly different however root fresh weight of UJ3 seemed higher compared to that of UJ5. It seems that UJ3 cassava clone is more responsive to potassium fertilizer than UJ5 cassava clone.
Morpho-physiological characterization of multi-canopy rice cultivation systems in various genotype combinations
Authors: Khamid M B R , Junaedi A , Aswidinnoor H , Purnamawati H , Prasetyo L B 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe multi-canopy rice cultivation system modifies the cultivar mixture using two genotypes with different stem lengths to create different heights of the plant canopy that may optimize vertical growth and harvesting space. This study aims to investigate the effect of a multi-canopy rice cultivation system on the morpho-physiological characteristics of several genotype combinations. The research was conducted in the plastic house of the IPB University experimental station, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Two genotypes of the short plants and two tall plants as IPB University breeding lines were evaluated using a randomized complete block design. The combination of the short and the tall genotypes was transplanted on the same hill to create the multi-canopy system. The results of the multi-canopy rice cultivation system produced a number of tillers, panicle number, and percentage of productive tillers showed no difference with mono-genotype hills. Meanwhile, the genotype’s performance in the multi-canopy system for stem length, plant height, panicle length, panicle density, photosynthesis rate, and SPAD value is as good as the mono-genotype system. These results indicated no decrease in morpho-physiological characters’ performance in each genotype grown as a combination in multi-canopy. Each genotype can utilize resource inputs at different canopy positions to minimize competition.
In vitro propagation of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var. Rubrum) in different concentrations of sucrose and growth regulator
Authors: Inderiati Sitti , Yanti  , Hanafi  , Ruhumuddin S. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In vitro culture of ginger is highly influenced by medium formulations such as sucrose and growth regulator. A micro-propagation was done to determine the influence of sucrose concentration and growth regulator on in vitro growth of red ginger. Sterilized sprouts with shoot tips collected from the rhizome were cultured on formulated media of MS medium containing three diverse concentrations of sucrose and different types and combinations of growth regulators for shoot differentiation. The number of days required for buds to break varies from 13 - 36 according to the sucrose concentration, type, and combinations of growth regulators. Among the formulated medium, the MS medium contained 30 gr of sucrose and BA 1 mg.l-1 induced bud sprouts in about 13-14 days. The sucrose concentration and growth regulator also had significant differences in shoot number, leaf number, and root number. Interaction of BA 1 mg.l-1 and sucrose 30 g.l-1 produced the highest number of shoots per explant (6.33) and the number of leaves per shoot (3.72). Auxin promotes the growth of intact roots as the medium supplemented with NAA yielded a higher number of roots, however, rooting was also observed in all formulated media after two passages of subculturing.
Response of Banggai Yam Plant (Dioscorea alata) and Peanut (Arachys hypogaea) to Liquid Organic Fertilizer in Intercropping system
Authors: Kadekoh Indrianto , Yusuf Ramal , Made Usman 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) on the yield and growth of local peanuts and yams from Banggai (casavva banggai) in an intercropping system. This study was conducted using a two-factor factorial Randomized Block Design. The first factor is the dose of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) (eco farming) consisting of three levels: Without LO, 3.5 l/ha, and 7 l/ha. The second factor is local yam varieties from Banggai Islands (Banggai sweet potato), namely Pusus, Solopia Patek, and Boan Mela. Each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the dose of LOF 7 l/ha increased the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of peanuts, there was an interaction between the dose of LOF and the Banggai yam variety on the dry weight of peanuts with the highest combination being achieved at a dose of LOF 7 l/ha planted with yam varieties of Solopia and Pussy. The Solopia Patek variety had the highest stem diameter, number of shoots, tuber length, and tuber weight compared to the Pusus and Boan Mela varieties.
Enhancing the yield of rice and corn using field-specific crop production management recommendations in selected areas in the Province of Iloilo, Philippines
Authors: Araquil J A , Consabo L G , Gabinete G G 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The researcher aims to determine the best planting time based on Smarter Approaches to Reinvigorate Agriculture as an Industry (SARAI) and the Crop Simulation Model (Planting Calendar), and formulate site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). The research study was conducted from May 2018 to October 2021. There were twelve (12) adaptive planting calendar field trials in six (6) sites for Rice and six sites for Corn. The studies were conducted in farmers’ fields with two treatment plots measuring (15m2 x 15m2) 225 square meters each plot to compare the yield of Rice and Corn using Farmers Practice, and SARAI recommended planting date. On the other hand, Nutrient Management for corn trials was conducted in two (2) municipalities: Lambunao and Alimodian, with five (5) sites per municipality for Lambunao, Iloilo, and five (5) locations for Alimodian, Iloilo. A 225 square meter area treatment plots were used to compare yield of corn using Farmer’s Fertilizer Management, Site Specific Nutrient Management Practice and unfertilized plot as Check Plots treatment. Results of the trials revealed that the yields of rice and corn following SARAI recommendations regarding planting dates were highly significant compared to farmers practice. Site-specific nutrient management recommendations for corn also showed a significant increase in terms of kernel yield.
Agronomic growth and yield response of bell pepper (Capsicum annum) fertilized with different levels of lactic acid bacteria serum (LABS) and frequency of irrigation
Authors: Consabo L G , De Asis I E , Forro J T , Ganancial J A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the growth and yield response of Bell pepper applied with different levels of Lactic Acid Bacteria Serum (LABS) and find out the interaction effect between the different levels of LABS and frequency of watering. Research study was laid out in 4 x 4 x 3 for Split Plot Design. The main plot has varying frequency of irrigation, namely: F1- Once a day, F2- Twice a day, F3- Every other day, F4- Every two days. The subplot was of different levels of frequency of irrigation: P0- Control, P1- 5ml LABS+995ml, P2-10ml LABS+990, P3- 15 ml LABS+ 985ml. Results of the experiment showed that amount of LABS has highly significant influence on different growth and yield parameters such as plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after transplanting, number of functional leaves, number of days from transplanting to flowering and got highest number of fruits, low disease severity in crops and significantly affected the root length.
Antihelmintic Effect of Squash Seeds (Cucurbita moschata) and Papaya Seeds (Carica papaya) in Gastrointestinal Parasites in Native Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).
Authors: Catedral Charles Philip A , Gallego Renz Oliver L , De Asis Niko S , Orrillante Christian Jess P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya) seeds together with squash (Cucurbita moschata) seeds was pelleted to be used as dewormer, to determine its antihelmintic effects on growing chicken. They were randomly divided into four treatments and four replication with five birds per treatment was assigned using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with a total of eighty native chickens. The treatments were: Treatment A - Control (commercial dewormer) based on manufacturers recommendation; Treatment B - 75% Squash seeds and 25% Papaya seeds; Treatment C - 50% Squash seeds and 50% Papaya seeds; Treatment D - 25% Squash seeds and 75% Papaya seeds. The birds were treated orally at 2.5g of the pelleted dewormer based on the ratio of the study. In this study Treatment C, shows were highly influential in all parasites present in the chicken but of no significant result, also found to be at a lower cost.
Physical modelling as a conceptual device for climate responsive architecture: investigating pedagogy for theoretical discourses
Authors: Devadas Sunalini Esther , Chander Sheeba 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Concepts remain the point of origin for creativity in design activity. For a comprehensive exploration of concepts it is imperative to assign adequate time and significance in architectural education and pedagogy towards their understanding. Physical modelling is one of the key techniques that helps in the critical analysis and conceptual comprehension in design. The current research considers the use of physical modelling as a conceptual device in the learning of theoretical discourse with specific focus on climate-responsive architecture. In the delivery of theories in architecture to students, such conceptual devices enhance and establish the knowledge imparted. While presenting the use of physical modelling as a conceptual device, the current research work acts as an illustrative exercise that can be carried out during the coursework for Climate and Built Environment that in turn can enrich the learning of thermal comfort principles in architecture. The research lists the learning outcomes of the classroom exercise and evaluates them against the learning theories postulated by the International Bureau of Education. The exercises resulted in the development of 3D physical models that illustrated the understanding gained by the students. It was observed that application of theory imparted during over the course of lectures was applied. The students also drew from their intuition and internal aesthetic sense. It was noted that the theory covered in class had been tested and explored and there was a strong rationale behind each model, proving that the exercise had taken the understanding of the theme beyond the scope of theoretical knowledge. The observations also revealed that the core principles of the learning theories propounded by the International Bureau of Education were in alignment with the learning outcomes from the modeling exercises that were executed by the authors, especially that of the Experiential Learning Theory. It may be concluded that these exercises can be effectively used in lecture classes that discuss architectural theories, including sustainability and climate response in buildings to expand the aesthetic and sustainable sensitivity of the learner. Consequently productivity in the design studio is vastly enriched. Apart from enrichment stemming from the listed learning outcomes, students are able to analyse design problems with climate in mind, thereby, familiarizing them with concepts of sustainability in the design studio.
Sustainable Eco-Friendly Building Material – A Review Towards Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks and Fire Burnt Clay Bricks
Authors: Asha Sapna A. P. , Anbalagan C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of the current research article is to provide a comprehensive review and discuss and conclude on two types of earth blocks i.e., stabilized compressed earth blocks and fire-burnt clay bricks. A direct correlation exists between the number of greenhouse gases emitted and the amount of coal used to manufacture the fire-burnt clay bricks. To address this issue, new construction materials have been developed. Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEBs) is an enhanced earth-based masonry material as it is not burnt. CSEBs are manufactured by compressing the soil under pressure. Coal and other burning fuels are not used at any point in the manufacturing process of CSEBs. Environment-friendly and energy-efficient construction materials that encourage the sustainable development have grown significantly in the recent years, as the public have become highly conscious. Since the building materials are produced in local communities, the local resources are efficiently used, transportation costs get reduced and high-quality housing is made available to a large spectrum of people. Less time-consuming construction techniques and low labour demand results in increased strength, insulation and thermal characteristics, lower carbon emissions and embodied energy during the life cycle of the materials and exceptionally low levels of trash that can be easily disposed of. When locally-produced materials are used for building purposes, it creates jobs and is more eco-friendly, during the times of crisis. CSEB and conventional bricks require different amounts of energy and release significantly different amounts of carbon dioxide throughout the production process. A review of the construction process that utilizes clay bricks and CSEBs has been conducted using the data and reports from numerous research papers and organizations. According to this review, the Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks outperform the fire-burnt clay bricks in terms of advantages. When it comes to creating new environment-friendly construction materials, the CSEBs remain a viable option.
The New Green Regenerative Architecture
Authors: Charanya Devi A , Jeyaradha J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Since Brundtland Commission, 1987 defined Sustainability – “Utilising resources without compromising future generations”, today’s generations continue to compromise the future generations by exploiting the resources and fail to address the potential to move the benchmark, wider on the global climatic issues. The emerging field of regenerative design aims at extending the design and development from neutrality paradigm - resource efficiency to net positive approach that can help the community to resolve the ecological and socio – economic crisis. This approach requires an in-depth understanding about the ecosystem principles, see ‘place’ as a core concept, design and evolve buildings that can regenerate the surrounding ecosystem. Being an emerging concept, the regenerative concept has significant theoretical perspectives with limited case examples. The purpose of the current study is to develop a design framework that bridges the gap between theory and practicality. The current research paper examines the field of regenerative design, its current theory and the works of various ecologists and architects through secondary research. Further, it also explores the limitations and barriers between the theories and practice worldwide. The collected literature was interpreted, evaluated through qualitative methods and concluded with a framework strategy that can be applied in design process as well as in the evaluation of the proposals.