bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients undergoing surgery for oral malignancies
Authors: Wu Yujia , Yu Cong , Gao Feng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe aimed to analyse postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) incidence and risk factors in elderly adults who underwent surgery for oral malignancies. A total of 112 elderly patients (aged ≥ 55 years) were selected for expanded resection of oral malignancy and cervical lymphatic dissection at our institution from December 2020 to December 2021. Participants were cognitively evaluated using the neuropsychological test scale 1 day before and 7 days after surgery to determine whether they had developed POCD. Based on whether POCD occurred 7 days after surgery, patients were classified into the POCD and non-POCD groups. Logistic regression was applied to perioperative factors to analyse the risk factors for POCD onset. Seven days after surgery for oral malignancy, there were 37 (33.1%) POCD morbidities. Multiple factor logistic regression analysis revealed that venerable age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.269, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.056–1.525, P < 0.05), low education levels (OR = 0.792, 95% CI 0.644–0.974, P < 0.05), hypertension (OR = 4.153, 95% CI 1.335–12.732, P < 0.05), dyssomnia (OR = 1.272, 95% CI 1.001–1.617, P < 0.05), prolonged anaesthesia (OR = 1.009, 95% CI 1.001–1.018, P < 0.05), and intraoperative hypotension (OR = 5.512, 95% CI 1.240–24.506, P < 0.05) increased the POCD risk in elderly patients who underwent surgery for oral malignancies. Venerable age, low knowledge reserve, hypertension, dyssomnia, prolonged anaesthesia, and intraoperative hypotension are independent risk factors for POCD in elderly patients with oral malignancies.
Characterizing the polygenic architecture of complex traits in populations of East Asian and European descent
Authors: De Lillo Antonella , Wendt Frank R. , Pathak Gita A. , Polimanti Renato 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo investigate the polygenicity of complex traits in populations of East Asian (EAS) and European (EUR) descents, we leveraged genome-wide data from Biobank Japan, UK Biobank, and FinnGen cohorts. Specifically, we analyzed up to 215 outcomes related to 18 health domains, assessing their polygenic architecture via descriptive statistics, such as the proportion of susceptibility SNPs per trait (πc). While we did not observe EAS–EUR differences in the overall distribution of polygenicity parameters across the phenotypes investigated, there were ancestry-specific patterns in the polygenicity differences between health domains. In EAS, pairwise comparisons across health domains showed enrichment for πc differences related to hematological and metabolic traits (hematological fold-enrichment = 4.45, p = 2.15 × 10–7; metabolic fold-enrichment = 4.05, p = 4.01 × 10–6). For both categories, the proportion of susceptibility SNPs was lower than that observed for several other health domains (EAS-hematological median πc = 0.15%, EAS-metabolic median πc = 0.18%) with the strongest πc difference with respect to respiratory traits (EAS-respiratory median πc = 0.50%; hematological-p = 2.26 × 10–3; metabolic-p = 3.48 × 10–3). In EUR, pairwise comparisons showed multiple πc differences related to the endocrine category (fold-enrichment = 5.83, p = 4.76 × 10–6), where these traits showed a low proportion of susceptibility SNPs (EUR-endocrine median πc = 0.01%) with the strongest difference with respect to psychiatric phenotypes (EUR-psychiatric median πc = 0.50%; p = 1.19 × 10–4). Simulating sample sizes of 1,000,000 and 5,000,000 individuals, we also showed that ancestry-specific polygenicity patterns translate into differences across health domains in the genetic variance explained by susceptibility SNPs projected to be genome-wide significant (e.g., EAS hematological-neoplasm p = 2.18 × 10–4; EUR endocrine-gastrointestinal p = 6.80 × 10–4). These findings highlight that traits related to the same health domains may present ancestry-specific variability in their polygenicity.
Impedance and voltammetry detection of bromate in food samples using NiPcMWCNTs modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Balogun Sheriff Aweda , Fayemi Omolola Esther 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA sensitive bromate sensor was developed using nickel phthalocyanine multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite modified on a glassy carbon electrode. The NiPcMWCNTs nanocomposite was prepared from nickel nanoparticles, phthalocyanine, and functionalized MWCNTs via ultrasonication. UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, TEM, and EDX techniques were used to verify the successful fabrication of the nanomaterials. The results of the EIS and CV experiments conducted in 5 mM K3(Fe(CN)6/K4(Fe(CN)6 made in 0.1 M of PBS (pH 7) revealed that the NiPcMWCNTs/GCE exhibited higher current response, faster electron transfer, and high specific capacitance compared to other electrodes. The electrochemical reduction of bromate was actualized in 0.1 M H2SO4 (pH 1) using EIS and SWV techniques. Using the EIS technique, an LoD of 6.72 μM was obtained with a sensitivity of 483.7 μA μM−1 over a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 24–100 μM. Whereas, with the SWV technique, a lower LoD (1.47 μM) was obtained with a higher sensitivity (1293 μA μM−1) over an LDR of 12–56 μM. The developed sensor was characterized by good selectivity, high stability (95.5%), and good reproducibility (% RSD; 3.5%). The fabricated sensor was effectively used to detect bromate in bread samples with a good recovery rate, demonstrating the practical application of the sensor to detect bromate in real samples (bread).
Development of a magneto-optical Kerr microscope using a 3D printer
Authors: Uebo Koki , Shiokawa Yuto , Takahashi Ryunosuke , Nakata Suguru , Wadati Hiroki 
Published: July 2023

Background: Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) microscopes are powerful experimental tools to observe magnetic domains in magnetic materials. These devices are, however, typically large, unportable, and expensive (∼ several million yen), and therefore prevent many researchers in the field of materials science from easy access to study real-space images of magnetic domains. Methods: To overcome these issues, we utilize data from ”The OpenFlexure Project” developed by the University of Bath and the University of Cambridge. The purpose of this project is to make high-precision mechanical positioning of the studied sample available to anyone with a 3D printer, especially for use in microscopes. We built a low-cost and portable MOKE microscope device by a 3D printer. We redesigned the 3D modeling data of an ordinary optical microscope provided by The OpenFlexure project and incorporated additional elements such as optical polarizers and an electro-magnetic coil into the primarily designed microscope that did not originally have these elements. Results: We successfully observed magnetic domains and their real-space motions induced by magnetic fields using the palm-sized low-cost MOKE microscope, which costs approximately 20,000 yen in raw materials to construct. Conclusions: Our methodology to assemble a low-cost MOKE microscope will enable researchers working in the field of materials science to more easily observe magnetic domains without commercial equipment.
Comparative evaluation and correlation of variations in articular disc morphology as assessed by automated segmentation using deep learning on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images in Class II (vertical) TMD cases, Class II (horizontal) TMD cases and Class I non-TMD cases
Authors: Surendran Aathira , Shrivastav Sunita , Srivastav Gaurav 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) encompasses several clinical manifestations, which are characterized by temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle discomfort and dysfunction (TMJ). The best imaging technique for evaluating TMJ is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which makes it possible to see the anatomical and pathological characteristics of every joint component. In recent years, convolutional neural networks -based deep learning algorithms have been favoured because of their outstanding capability in recognizing objects in medical images. The objective of this study is to assess, compare and co-relate articular disc morphology by automated segmentation using deep learning on MRI images in skeletal Class II (vertical growth pattern) TMD cases as compared to skeletal Class II (horizontal growth pattern) TMD cases and Class I non-TMD cases Methods: Grading of skeletal Class II (vertical growth pattern) cases and skeletal Class II (horizontal growth pattern) cases based on severity of TMD will be carried out using diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Bilateral sagittal as well as coronal MRI images will be obtained. A convolutional neural network (CNN) encoder-decoder named U-Net will be used to segment the articular disc on MRI. Understanding the nature of variations between Class I and both types of Class IIs will help orthodontists to better predict the potential risk for the development of TMDs and accordingly take precautions while doing treatment in such cases. Moreover, it can be used to automate TMD diagnosis and other smart applications. Conclusions: This study will aid in identifying articular disc morphology on MRI. The deep learning algorithms with effective data augmentation may perform better in MRI readings than human clinicians when using the same data, which will be advantageous for TMD diagnosis.
Hearing aid through skin sensory for profound deaf people
Authors: Suppiah Yasothei , Maruthan M Chandran , Abas Fazly Salleh 
Published: July 2023

An individual with profound deafness or total hearing loss has a hearing threshold of 80dB or more. The ineffectiveness of hearing aids, surging costs and complex surgeries for cochlear implants have discouraged many to opt for these types of treatments. Hence, this research aims to provide an alternative hearing aid that stimulates “hearing” through the skin sensory, which is more affordable and accessible for the profoundly deaf or total hearing loss community. We have developed four initial vibrating transducers with single spectrum, which are strapped to a belt. The transducers pick up audible sounds through a microphone, amplifies the sound to a high-level signal, stimulating a vibration pattern on the human skin sensory. The belt was tested on 30 random people who identified as normal, partial, and profoundly deaf. When the belt was strapped to the individual’s waist, audible sound was played (stimulus) and the individual was asked whether he/she can feel a stimulation or vibration on their skin, and if so, state the sound source direction. Based on the test, all individuals were able to feel the vibrating stimulation on their skin, and they were also able to state the directions accurately. The various vibrating pattern that stimulates the human sensory system for the profoundly deaf can be learned over time, which could serve as useful information. However, interpreting and identifying the different types of vibrating pattern perceived through the skin remains a huge challenge for profoundly deaf people. As hearing through skin sensory is a very new area of research, there are very limited research articles published in this field. Thus far, this is the first study to evaluate the method of audio spectrum to develop hearing aid through skin sensory.
The burden of visual impairment among Ethiopian adult population: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fentie Dilnessa , Solomon Yonatan , Menberu Tameru 
Published: July 2023

Background
Visual impairment is a public health problem in both developing and developed countries, especially, in developing countries where most visually impaired communities are found. Knowledge of the pooled prevalence of visual impairment among adults is useful in planning, preventive programs and the provision of eye-care services for communities.

Methods
Original observational studies published in English were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Eleven studies with a total sample size of 8,161 study participants were included. PubMed/Medline, HINARI, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and African Journals Online databases were used to search for published articles. Data were extracted on a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using Revman 5.4.1 Software. Meta-analysis of further pooled prevalence estimates using the inverse variance heterogeneity model. The pooled estimate of visual impairment in the current review was estimated using a random-effects model. Forest plots were used to illustrate heterogeneity and to quantify the pooled prevalence of visual impairment. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Visual impairment was defined as a presenting visual acuity of less than 6/18 in the betting-seen eye.

Results
A total of 538 studies were identified from several Databases and digital libraries, of which eleven articles were selected for the final meta-analysis. Significant heterogeneity was observed across studies, suggesting a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of visual impairment. The prevalence of visual impairment in Ethiopia ranges from 10.3% in Addis Ababa central Ethiopia to 37.58% in the Northern Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence of visual impairment in the current review was 22% (95% CI: 17%–27%; I2 = 97%) using a random-effects model. There was also evidence of symmetry in the funnel plots.

Conclusion
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated a greater burden of visual impairment among Ethiopians in various study populations. Further, intervention strategies are required to reduce the burden of visual impairment and improve quality of life.
Neuromechanical Strategies for Obstacle Negotiation during Overground Locomotion following Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Cats
Authors: Lecomte Charly G. , Mari Stephen , Audet Johannie , Yassine Sirine , Merlet Angèle N. , Morency Caroline , Harnie Jonathan , Beaulieu Claudie , Gendron Louis , Frigon Alain 
Published: July 2023

Following incomplete spinal cord injury in animals, including humans, substantial locomotor recovery can occur. However, functional aspects of locomotion, such as negotiating obstacles, remains challenging. We collected kinematic and electromyography data in 10 adult cats (5 males, 5 females) before and at weeks 1-2 and 7-8 after a lateral mid-thoracic hemisection on the right side of the cord while they negotiated obstacles of three different heights. Intact cats always cleared obstacles without contact. At weeks 1-2 after hemisection, the ipsilesional right hindlimb contacted obstacles in ∼50% of trials, triggering a stumbling corrective reaction or absent responses, which we termed Other. When complete clearance occurred, we observed exaggerated ipsilesional hindlimb flexion when crossing the obstacle with contralesional Left limbs leading. At weeks 7-8 after hemisection, the proportion of complete clearance increased, Other responses decreased, and stumbling corrective reactions remained relatively unchanged. We found redistribution of weight support after hemisection, with reduced diagonal supports and increased homolateral supports, particularly on the left contralesional side. The main neural strategy for complete clearance in intact cats consisted of increased knee flexor activation. After hemisection, ipsilesional knee flexor activation remained, but it was insufficient or more variable as the limb approached the obstacle. Intact cats also increased their speed when stepping over an obstacle, an increase that disappeared after hemisection. The increase in complete clearance over time after hemisection paralleled the recovery of muscle activation patterns or new strategies. Our results suggest partial recovery of anticipatory control through neuroplastic changes in the locomotor control system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMost spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are incomplete and people can recover some walking functions. However, the main challenge for people with SCIs that do recover a high level of function is to produce a gait that can adjust to everyday occurrences, such as turning, stepping over an obstacle, etc. Here, we use the cat model to answer two basic questions: How does an animal negotiate an obstacle after an incomplete SCI and why does it fail to safely clear it? We show that the inability to clear an obstacle is because of improper activation of muscles that flex the knee. Animals recover a certain amount of function thanks to new strategies and changes within the nervous system.
Re-Estimating a Source Model for the 1923 Kanto Earthquake by Joint Inversion of Tsunami Waveforms and Coseismic Deformation Data
Authors: Nakadai Yumi , Tanioka Yuichiro , Yamanaka Yusuke , Nakagaki Tatsuya 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThe 1923 Kanto earthquake generated not only strong motions that caused a devastating disaster around the metropolitan Tokyo area but also a large tsunami. Although the slip distribution of the 1923 Kanto earthquake has been estimated by several researchers, tsunami waveforms observed at tide gauges near the source have never been used. In this study, the slip distribution of the 1923 Kanto earthquake was estimated using joint inversion of tsunami waveforms and vertical crustal deformations reported in historical documents. The estimated slip distribution was generally consistent with those estimated in the previous studies except for a large slip of 9 m along the western portion of the plate interface, up-dip near the Sagami trough. The east coast of the Izu Peninsula was inundated by the tsunami and surveyed after the tsunami to determine tsunami heights in the inundation areas. The tsunami inundation computed from the estimated slip distribution explained the tsunami heights, and the large slip played an important role in large inundation. These results indicate that the large slip west of the Sagami trough is essential for explaining the observed tsunami caused by the 1923 Kanto earthquake.
The Great Labor Discontent, A Review of The Trends to Consider
Authors: Montaudon-Tomas Cynthia M. , Pinto-López Ingrid N. , Amsler Anna 
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes some of the current topics in the world of work, especially the Great Labor Discontent and the Great Resignation. The general objective is to present the conditions surrounding the Great Resignation that allow a better understanding of the changes that are taking place in the workplace. The general background and the main characteristics of the great discontent are presented, and the positive effects that these changes are generating are analyzed, as well as emerging movements such as the return of boomerang employees. The study is based on a literature review and stems from the analysis of news, research, and publications of consulting companies, as well as the most relevant publications that have been developed on the subject to date.
JEL Codes: J50, J24, J64, J81
Received: 06/01/2023. Accepted: 06/06/2023. Published: 19/07/2023.
Feasibility and Safety of Field-Based Physical Fitness Test: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cruz-León Carolina , Expósito-Carrilloa Pablo , Sánchez-Parente Sandra , Jiménez-Iglesias José , Cosic Milkana Borges , GARCÍA MAGDALENA CUENCA , Piñero Jose Castro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

We examined the feasibility and safety of existing field-based physical fitness tests used in people of all ages. The search was conducted through the electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science (all databases) for published studies from inception to 31 January 2023. This systematic review was developed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were classified as very low quality, low quality or high quality, based on the criteria of appropriate number of participants, appropriate description of the study population, and appropriate number of items reported to assess feasibility/safety. Three evidence levels were constructed (strong, moderate and limited or inconclusive evidence) according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings. Were identified a total of 19 (14 of high quality) and 13 (11 high quality) original studies examining the feasibility and the safety of field-based physical fitness tests, respectively. Strong evidence indicated that a) the 2-km walk and 20-m shuttle run tests were feasible to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in adults, children and adolescents, respectively; b) the handgrip strength test was feasible to assess isometric muscular strength in children and adolescents; and c) the standing long jump test was feasible to assess lower body explosive strength in children and adolescents. Only the 2-km walk test have shown strong evidence on safety in adults. A consensus is necessary to establish homogeneous methodological criteria to assess the feasibility and safety of field-based fitness tests. PROSPERO reference number, CRD42022298276
Process of emplacement of the andesitic blocky lava flows as derived from the seismic signals: Volcán de Colima
Authors: Zobin Vyacheslav M. , Arámbula Raúl , Navarro Carlos 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Andesitic blocky lava flows are characterized by the surfaces that consist of large angular blocks of lava. They move slowly downhill the slope of volcano. These flows often travel only a few kilometres from the vent. In this paper, we first describe the possibility to apply the seismic signals, recorded during the blocky lava flows discharge, for reconstruction of the lava flow emplacement during the 2004 and 2016 eruptions at Volcán de Colima, México. There were shown the characteristic properties of lavafalls in comparison with the pyroclastic flows and igneous rockfalls (PFIRs), generated during Vulcanian explosions. It was shown that the waveforms of lavafalls are similar generally to the waveforms of PFIRs but are characterized by higher frequencies. The dominance of the short-duration seismic signals of lavafalls, comparative with the signals of PFIRs, indicates relatively smaller dimensions of lavafalls. We introduced the power spectral density curves of one-hour seismic signals as a tool to reconstruct the emplacement dynamics. It was shown that the lava outflowed from the crater in two ways, as lava pulses or as lava large-volume collapses.
Targets Involved in Skin Aging and Photoaging and their Possible Inhibitors:
A Mini-review
Authors: de Moura Jéssica Paiva , de Moura Fernandes Érika Paiva , Lustoza Rodrigues Teresa Carolliny Moreira , Messias Monteiro Alex France , de Sousa Natália Ferreira , dos Santos Aline Matilde Ferreira , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Scotti Luciana 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Skin aging is a natural process resulting from intrinsic (hormonal and genetic) and extrinsic (environmental) factors. Photoaging occurs due to prolonged exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation, accounting for 80% of facial aging.

Introduction:
Characteristics of aging skin include reduced elasticity, the appearance of fine wrinkles, uneven tone, and dryness. Clinical signs of photoaging involve the presence of deeper wrinkles, rough texture, dyschromia and a greater loss of elasticity compared to chronological aging.

Methods:
This work reported several scientific articles that used computational techniques, such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics and quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) to identify natural products and their derivatives against skin aging and photoaging.

Results:
The in silico analyses carried out by the researchers predicted the binding affinity and interactions of the natural products with the targets matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-3, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tyrosinase. Furthermore, some studies have reported the stability of the protein-ligand complex and the physicochemical properties of the studied compounds. Finally, this research proposes promising molecules against the targets.

Conclusion:
Thus, studies like this one are relevant to guide new research related to skin aging and photoaging.