bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Accretion Disk Around the Euler‐Heisenberg Anti‐de Sitter Black Hole
Authors: Abbas Ghulam , Rehman Hamza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe investigation of thin accretion disc surrounding the Einstein‐ Euler‐ Heisenberg‐ Anti‐ de Sitter black hole is demonstrated. Additionally, the black hole event horizons and compute their effective potential and equations of motion is analyzed. The specific energy, specific angular momentum, and specific angular velocity of the particles that move in circular orbits above the thin accretion disk are obtained. Also, the effects of parameters of the Einstein‐ Euler‐ Heisenberg‐ Anti De sitter black hole on specific angular velocity, specific heat energy, and specific angular momentum, have been discussed in detail. The positions of the innermost stable circular orbits and illustrate the effective potential are displayed. Furthermore, the circular orbits of black hole are obtained numerically and locates the position of the innermost stable circular orbit and event horizon. Also, the Gamma ray burst emitted from the Einstein Euler Heisenberg Anti de sitter black hole is studied.
A two‐parameter parsimonious bathtub model for the analysis of system failure times with illustrations to reliability data
Authors: Bakouch Hassan S. , Abba Badamasi , Jónás Tamás , Muhammad Mustapha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, a two‐parameter, upper‐bounded probability distribution called the tau distribution is introduced and its applications in reliability engineering are presented. Each of the parameters of the tau distribution has a clear semantic meaning. Namely, one of them determines the upper bound of the distribution, while the value of the other parameter influences the shape of the cumulative distribution function. A remarkable property of this new probability distribution is that its probability density function, survival function, hazard rate function (HRF), and quantile function can all be expressed in terms of its cumulative distribution function. The HRF of the proposed probability distribution can exhibit an increasing trend and various bathtub shapes with or without a low and long‐flat phase (useful time phase), which makes this new distribution suitable for modeling a wide range of real‐world problems. The constraint maximum likelihood estimation, percentile estimation, approximate Bayesian computation, and approximate quantile estimation computation are proposed to calculate the unknown parameters of the model. The suitability of the estimation methods is verified with the aid of simulation and real‐world data results. The modeling capability of the tau distribution was compared with that of some well‐known two‐ and three‐parameter probability distributions using two data sets known from the literature of reliability engineering: time between failures data of a machining center, and time to failure of data acquisition system cards. Based on empirical results, the new distribution may be viewed as a viable competitor to the Weibull, Gamma, Chen, and modified Weibull distributions.
Vegetarian diets and global disparities in calcium intake in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kasper Marina , Bickelmann Franziska , Leitzmann Michael , Jochem Carmen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundVegetarian diets are currently experiencing increasing popularity and are also becoming more common in pregnant women. Calcium plays a crucial role for skeletal health and for physiologic processes during pregnancy for the mother and foetus.AimsOur study aimed to evaluate calcium intake of vegetarian versus nonvegetarian expectant mothers.Materials and MethodsWe searched PubMed and retrieved seven studies (six prospective cohort and one cross‐sectional) for inclusion in our random‐effects meta‐analysis. We calculated standardised mean differences (SMD).ResultsResults showed a significantly higher calcium intake in vegetarian than nonvegetarian pregnant women [SMD: 0.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14, 0.36].DiscussionMost studies showed that the recommendations for calcium intake during pregnancy (ranging from 700 to 1200 mg/d) were met. Both vegetarian and nonvegetarian pregnant women showed higher calcium intakes in Europe and North America than in Asia. Serum calcium levels did not differ between vegetarian and nonvegetarian pregnant women (SMD: − 0.15; 95% CI: −0.42, 0.11), confirming that the tight regulation of calcium metabolism is not affected by dietary calcium intake.ConclusionTo prevent inadequate calcium intake potentially associated with adverse gestational outcomes, we recommend adherence to existing recommendations by means of calcium supplementation (1.5–2 g/d), food fortification strategies, or behavioural interventions.
State‐society relations and industrial sustainable growth: The case of post‐Revolution Tunisia
Authors: Sabry Mohamed Ismail 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of state‐society relations (SSR) in the industrial sector on the sustainable economic growth of post‐Revolution Tunisia. The empirical part of the paper depends mainly on qualitative data collected from fieldwork interviews with the most important actors and publications of civil society organizations. The paper suggests the presence of state capture as the defining characteristic of SSR in post‐Revolution Tunisia. The combination of having powerful tycoons, weaker state, and ineffectively organized social actors produced conditions that harmed sustainability. These settings allowed tycoons to violate environmental regulations and prevented Green innovation through the adoption of Green technologies. Yet, factors such as low value‐added creation, increased labor‐intensity, and low environmental awareness or prioritization all interact with state capture to lower sustainability. In those sectors where tycoons are active and dominant, competing social actors are incapable of effectively exploiting the presence of a freer political system, ultimately failing to successfully organize resisting coalitions, as evident in the textile sector. While higher resistance is witnessed where tycoons are not dominant as was the case in the phosphate sector, tycoons could still use the situation to their advantage.
Multimodal Sensing of Acetate Anion by Using Anthraimidazoledione‐Based Redox‐Active Amphiphilic Dye in Aqueous Environment
Authors: Chettri Bimal , Mondal Sourav , Jha Satadru , Dey Nilanjan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnthraimidazoledione based amphiphilic dye is synthesized that exhibits pH‐responsive chromogenic response in aqueous environment. This entices us to investigate its anion‐responsive behavior. In pure water, the compound shows no optical response towards anions (poor sensitivity), whereas interaction with multiple anions is witnessed in acetonitrile medium (poor selectivity). Interestingly, changes in solution color from yellow to orange is observed explicitly upon addition of acetate anion, accompanied by fluorescence turn‐off response. Further, it is revealed that the acetate engaged in hydrogen bonding interaction with both imidazole −NH group and hydroxyl unit. The high basicity of acetate anion along with ‘Y‐shaped’ structure might be responsible for such unique selectivity. The present system has been involved in analyzing residual acetate in natural water samples. Low‐cost, reusable paper strips have been designed for equipment free, rapid on‐location detection of acetate.
Rapid Access to Functionalized 2‐Quinolinones and Coumarins by Direct Coupling of 2‐Alkynyl‐anilines/phenols and Diazo Ketones
Authors: Yang Meixiong , Zu Liansuo , Zhao Yaqiu , Huang Luqi , Chen Lu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe microwave‐assisted direct coupling of 2‐alkynyl‐anilines/phenols and diazo ketones through Wolff rearrangement, intramolecular 1,4‐addition and nucleophile assisted fragmentation to synthesize functionalized 2‐quinolinones and coumarins are reported. This one‐pot manipulation features a short reaction time, high synthetic efficiency and broad substrate scope.
Synthesis of Thiazoloquinolines with Diverse Molecular Skeletons: A Review
Authors: Karmakar Sulakshana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThiazoloquinolines are an important class of heterocyclic molecules having a wide variety of biological activities. Since the first synthesis of this fused heterocyclic ring system in 1937, quite a good number of research works have been accomplished in designing and achieving the synthesis of various substituted thiazoloquinolines. These molecules possess diverse structural features and bioactive potentials. A thorough survey of literature, available in this field, clearly indicates that there are certain fused thiazoloquinolines whose syntheses have been largely dealt with while the synthesis of some other fusion pattern remains comparatively less explored. The objective of this review is to present a concise overview of the methods towards the synthesis of thiazoloquinolines in a chronological manner.
Future Nanotechnology‐Based Strategies for Improved Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Kamankesh Mojtaba , Yadegar Abbas , Llopis‐Lorente Antoni , Liu Chenguang , Haririan Ismaeil , Aghdaei Hamid Asadzadeh , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Zali Mohammad Reza , Miri Amir Hossein , Rad‐Malekshahi Mazda , Hamblin Michael R. , Wacker Matthias G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a recalcitrant pathogen, which can cause gastric disorders. During the past decades, polypharmacy‐based regimens, such as triple and quadruple therapies have been widely used against H. pylori. However, polyantibiotic therapies can disturb the host gastric/gut microbiota and lead to antibiotic resistance. Thus, simpler but more effective approaches should be developed. Here, some recent advances in nanostructured drug delivery systems to treat H. pylori infection are summarized. Also, for the first time, a drug release paradigm is proposed to prevent H. pylori antibiotic resistance along with an IVIVC model in order to connect the drug release profile with a reduction in bacterial colony counts. Then, local delivery systems including mucoadhesive, mucopenetrating, and cytoadhesive nanobiomaterials are discussed in the battle against H. pylori infection. Afterward, engineered delivery platforms including polymer‐coated nanoemulsions and polymer‐coated nanoliposomes are poposed. These bioinspired platforms can contain an antimicrobial agent enclosed within smart multifunctional nanoformulations. These bioplatforms can prevent the development of antibiotic resistance, as well as specifically killing H. pylori with no or only slight negative effects on the host gastrointestinal microbiota. Finally, the essential checkpoints that should be passed to confirm the potential effectiveness of anti‐H. pylori nanosystems are discussed.
A rapid and sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin calcium and lisinopril in rat plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Jia Jirun , Bao Rui , Hou Jiayue , Qin Mengdi , Li Wen , Yang Li , Fu Qiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAtorvastatin calcium and lisinopril are commonly used to reduce cholesterol and control blood pressure in the clinic. In this study, a sensitive and rapid method was developed and validated for the simultaneous detection of plasma concentrations of atorvastatin calcium and lisinopril using an ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry with an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column. The mobile phase of methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution was pumped at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The retention times of atorvastatin calcium and lisinopril were 2.48 min and 1.99 min, respectively. The linear range of atorvastatin calcium in plasma samples was 1–2000 ng/mL, while that of lisinopril was 5–2000 ng/mL. The absolute values of intraday and inter‐day precision and accuracy were all below 15%. Furthermore, the recovery and matrix effects of atorvastatin calcium, lisinopril, and nimodipine were 80%–120% and 85%‐115%, respectively. Therefore, the developed method can be applied for the simultaneous quantification of atorvastatin calcium and lisinopril in rat plasma. The Cmax were about 199 ng/mL and 2059 ng/mL for atorvastatin calcium and lisinopril, respectively. In addition, the T1/2 of atorvastatin calcium and lisinopril were 0.6 ± 0.3 and 5.4 ± 1.7 h, respectively.
Umami and MSG
Authors: Yoshida Ryusuke , Ninomiya Yuzo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUmami taste was first proposed by Kikunae Ikeda in the early 1900s as the taste of glutamate. His first paper described many basic aspects of umami taste that were consolidated by later studies conducted by many researchers around the world. Since his discovery of umami taste and the development of the production process for glutamate (monosodium L-glutamate, MSG), for over 100 years, MSG has been used to improve the palatability of many foods. As the production and consumption of MSG became prevalent worldwide, the safety of MSG as a food additive was questioned. Many researchers tackled this problem, resulting in MSG now being placed in the safest category of food ingredients. In contrast, establishing umami as a unique taste by taste scientists needed much time and effort. By the 1980s, the taste of glutamate had been thoroughly investigated from physiological, behavioral, and psychological perspectives, leading many investigators to conclude that umami is a basic taste much like sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. Subsequent molecular studies identified taste receptors for glutamate, which provided conclusive evidence for umami as a basic taste. This chapter aims to provide a broad understanding of umami taste, including the historical context for umami and MSG, why umami is considered a basic taste, and differences of umami taste in different regions of the tongue and across species. This chapter closes by describing some distinctive phenomena surrounding umami taste, such as its intensity and synergism, its long-lasting effects, and the salivary secretions and feelings of mouthfullness and satisfaction elicited by umami stimuli.
Neural Networks-Based Immune Optimization Regulation Using Adaptive Dynamic Programming
Authors: Sun Jiayue , Xu Shun , Liu Yang , Zhang Huaguang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates optimal regulation scheme between tumor and immune cells based on ADP approach. The therapeutic goal is to inhibit the growth of tumor cells to allowable injury degree, and maximize the number of immune cells in the meantime. The reliable controller is derived through the ADP approach to make the number of cells achieve the specific ideal states. Firstly, the main objective is to weaken the negative effect caused by chemotherapy and immunotherapy, which means that minimal dose of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs can be operational in the treatment process. Secondly, according to nonlinear dynamical mathematical model of tumor cells, chemotherapy and immunotherapeutic drugs can act as powerful regulatory measures, which is a closed-loop control behavior. Finally, states of the system and critic weight errors are proved to be ultimately uniformly bounded with the appropriate optimization control strategy and the simulation results are shown to demonstrate effectiveness of the cybernetics methodology.
Lorentzian quantum gravity via Pachner moves: one-loop evaluation
Authors: Borissova Johanna N. , Dittrich Bianca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Lorentzian quantum gravity is believed to cure the pathologies encountered in Euclidean quantum gravity, such as the conformal factor problem. We show that this is the case for the Lorentzian Regge path integral expanded around a flat background. We illustrate how a subset of local changes of the triangulation, so-called Pachner moves, allow to isolate the indefinite nature of the gravitational action at the discrete level. The latter can be accounted for by oppositely chosen deformed contours of integration. Moreover, we construct a discretization-invariant local path integral measure for 3D Lorentzian Regge calculus and point out obstructions in defining such a measure in 4D. We see the work presented here as a first step towards establishing the existence of the non-perturbative Lorentzian path integral for Regge calculus and related frameworks such as spin foams.An extensive appendix provides an overview of Lorentzian Regge calculus, using the recently established concept of the complexified Regge action, and derives useful geometric formulae and identities needed in the main text.
Gauged D = 4 $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 supergravity
Authors: Dall’Agata G. , Liatsos N. , Noris R. , Trigiante M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present the full Lagrangian and supersymmetry transformation rules for the gauged D = 4, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 (half-maximal) supergravity coupled to an arbitrary number of vector multiplets. Using the embedding tensor formulation, the final results are universal and valid in arbitrary symplectic frames. We also analyze the conditions for the critical points of the scalar potential and specify the full spectrum of the quadratic fluctuations about Minkowski vacua. This allows us also to exclude the appearance of quadratic divergences in the 1-loop corrections to the scalar potential for any Minkowski vacuum fully breaking supersymmetry. We also provide some interesting byproducts of our analysis, like the field equations and the quadratic constraints for the fermion shifts characterizing the gauging (also known as T-tensor identities).
The bounded slope condition for parabolic equations with time-dependent integrands
Authors: Schätzler Leah , Siltakoski Jarkko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study the Cauchy–Dirichlet problem $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \partial _t u - {\text {div}} \left( D_\xi f(t, Du)\right) = 0 &{} \quad \hbox {in} \ \Omega _T, \\ u = u_o &{} \quad \hbox { on} \ \partial _{\mathcal {P}} \Omega _T,\\ \end{array} \right. \end{aligned}$$

∂
t

u
-
div

D
ξ

f

(
t
,
D
u
)

=
0

in

Ω
T

,

u
=

u
o

on

∂
P

Ω
T

,

where $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^n$$

Ω
⊂

R

n

is a convex and bounded domain, $$f:[0,T]\times {\mathbb {R}}^n \rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

f
:

[
0
,
T
]

×

R

n

→
R

is $$L^1$$

L
1

-integrable in time and convex in the second variable. Assuming that the initial and boundary datum $$u_o:{\overline{\Omega }}\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}$$

u
o

:

Ω
¯

→
R

satisfies the bounded slope condition, we prove the existence of a unique variational solution that is Lipschitz continuous in the space variable.
Beyond the Erdős discrepancy problem in function fields
Authors: Klurman Oleksiy , Mangerel Alexander P. , Teräväinen Joni 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe characterize the limiting behavior of partial sums of multiplicative functions $$f:\mathbb {F}_q[t]\rightarrow S^1$$

f
:

F
q

[
t
]

→

S
1

. In contrast to the number field setting, the characterization depends crucially on whether the notion of discrepancy is defined using long intervals, short intervals, or lexicographic intervals. Concerning the notion of short interval discrepancy, we show that a completely multiplicative $$f:\mathbb {F}_q[t]\rightarrow \{-1,+1\}$$

f
:

F
q

[
t
]

→

{
-
1
,
+
1
}

with q odd has bounded short interval sums if and only if f coincides with a “modified" Dirichlet character to a prime power modulus. This confirms the function field version of a conjecture over $$\mathbb {Z}$$
Z
that such modified characters are extremal with respect to partial sums. Regarding the lexicographic discrepancy, we prove that the discrepancy of a completely multiplicative sequence is always infinite if we define it using a natural lexicographic ordering of $$\mathbb {F}_{q}[t]$$

F
q

[
t
]

. This answers a question of Liu and Wooley. Concerning the long sum discrepancy, it was observed by the Polymath 5 collaboration that the Erdős discrepancy problem admits infinitely many completely multiplicative counterexamples on $$\mathbb {F}_q[t]$$

F
q

[
t
]

. Nevertheless, we are able to classify the counterexamples if we restrict to the class of modified Dirichlet characters. In this setting, we determine the precise growth rate of the discrepancy, which is still unknown for the analogous problem over the integers.
The classification of leek seeds based on fluorescence spectroscopic data using machine learning
Authors: Ropelewska Ewa , Sabanci Kadir , Slavova Vanya , Genova Stefka 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to distinguish leek seeds belonging to the Starozagorski kamush variety and two breeding lines based on the selected fluorescence spectroscopic data. The classification models were developed for three classes of Starozagorski kamush vs. breeding line 4 vs. breeding line 39 and pairs of classes of Starozagorski kamush vs. breeding line 4, Starozagorski kamush vs. breeding line 39, and breeding line 4 vs. breeding line 39. The traditional machine learning algorithms, such as PART, Logistic, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, IBk, and Filtered Classifier were applied. All three classes were distinguished with an average accuracy of up to 93.33% for models built using IBk and Filtered Classifier. In the case of each model, Starozagorski kamush variety was completely different (accuracy of 100%, precision, and F-measure, MCC (Matthews correlation coefficient), and ROC (receiver operating characteristic) area of 1.000) from breeding lines, and the mixing of cases was observed between breeding line 4 and breeding line 39. The models built for pairs of leek seed classes distinguished Starozagorski kamush and breeding line 4 with an average accuracy reaching 100% (Logistic, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, IBk). The classification accuracy of Starozagorski kamush and breeding line 39 also reached 100% (Logistic, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, IBk), whereas breeding line 4 and breeding line 39 were classified with an average accuracy of up to 80% (Logistic, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Filtered Classifier). The proposed approach combining fluorescence spectroscopy and machine learning may be used in practice to distinguish leek seed varieties and breeding lines.