bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kemandirian Anak Usia Dini melalui Program Pengembangan Kemandirian
Authors: Nawangsasi Devi , Kurniawati Asih Budi 
Published: December 2022

Pendidikan anak usia dini yang dilaksanakan di posyandu selama ini hanya menekankan pada aspek fisik semata tanpa melihat dari aspek kemandirian anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan program pengembangan kemandirian untuk anak usia dini agar penanaman nilai kemandirian pada anak usia dini dapat dikembangkan lebih optimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan (action research), yang dilaksanakan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu; 1) perencanaan 2) tindakan 3) evaluasi 4) refleksi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga siklus. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data kualitatif dengan menggunakan beberapa instrumen, yaitu; observasi, wawancara, catatan lapangan dan studi dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kemandirian anak usia dini melalui program pengembangan kemandirian anak yang disusun bersama antara peneliti dan kader menunjukkan peningkatan kemandirian anak, baik kemandirian emosi maupun kemandirian perilaku. Rekomendasi bagi kader; 1) kader menyediakan sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung dalam menanamkan kemandirian anak, 2) kader hendaknya dalam menanamkan kemandirian kepada anak melihat karakteristik anak yang berbeda-beda 3) kader dalam proses pembelajaran sebaiknya melakukan pembelajaran yang berpusat pada anak dan 4) kader perlu mengikuti pelatihan/diklat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan profesional kader.
Ambienti fisici di apprendimento che favoriscono i processi attentivi: gli effetti dello spazio vuoto, del colore e del design biofilico
Authors: Vedovelli Cristina 
Published: December 2022

L’esperienza degli spazi vissuta dagli individui è mediata da complessi e dinamici percorsi di raccolta degli stimoli sensoriali provenienti dall’ambiente circostante e dalla loro elaborazione cognitiva. È necessario un approccio di ricerca multidisciplinare e multilivello per supportare la costruzione di spazi fisici di apprendimento che forniscano agli studenti ambienti sensoriali funzionali all’espansione del proprio potenziale (Barret & Barret, 2010). Questo contributo approfondisce tre qualità degli ambienti fisici che hanno dimostrato con evidenze scientifiche di favorire i processi attentivi degli studenti: il vuoto, inteso come pulizia percettiva ed essenzialità degli spazi, il colore e la presenza di elementi naturali o design biofilico.
Conceptualisation of Ideas on the Codification of Criminal Law... in the Early Period of the Second Polish Republic
Authors: Kamberov Paulina 
Published: December 2022

The period preceding the Second Polish Republic is time when it was still unclear whether and when Poland would regain independence, and what territory it would cover. With the emergence of hope for regaining the State, questions arose how to rebuild the country after the war and the years of partitions. Socio-economic problems followed the geopolitical situation. The law shaped collective identity and that criminal law had a special task. It was to satisfy the sense of social justice. In order to achieve its goals, it must be based on solid foundations. Thus, the consolidation of Polish lands was to be an act not only of a mechanical nature, but also required to focus on the aspect of the unification of society and the issue of the law to be applied in the regained territory. The article is an attempt to show the situation and conditions in which criminal law was shaped at the eve of regaining independence, until the establishment of the Criminal Law Codification Commission.
Undermining of Legal Certainty in the Decision-Making Practise of the Supreme Court of Czechoslovakia during the Period of the First Republic in Private International Law
Authors: Maliňák Lukáš 
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to introduce to the reader the arbitrary tendencies of the Supreme Court of Czechoslovakia in the field of Private International Law. Attention will be paid to the background of this problem, as well as to the specific judicial praxis on which the described problem will be demonstrated.
Non-pledgeable Property in Ancient Law – A Reflection of favor debitoris?
Authors: Žepič Vid 
Published: December 2022

One of characteristic features of ancient law was a particular form of restriction on contractual autonomy in the form of provisions on the non-pledgeability of items indispensable for the social or economic life of citizens. This paper outlines the evolution of the closely related provisions in the Code of Hammurabi, the Decalogue, the Code of Gortyn, and Roman Imperial Constitutions, and considers the underlying motives for their enactment. A particular question is whether the relevant norms on non-pledgeability of the Roman Imperial period were motivated by a Christian tendency to favour the debtor (favor debitoris).
Studies on the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Uropathogens to Senna alata Extracts in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Bassey E. E. , Alaribe A. A. A. , Ikpi E. E. , Thomas P. S. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Senna alata is an underutilized shrub found in many countries and is known for its traditional use in the treatment of dermatophytes and other related diseases. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical and antibacterial effects of S. alata leaves extracts against bacterial isolates obtained from urinary tract infection patients in Calabar.
Methodology: Matured fresh leaves of Senna alata were collected within Calabar, Cross River state, Nigeria, in May 2022 and identified by a botanist in the Department of Botany, University of Calabar. The leaves of S. alata were extracted with water, methanol and ethyl acetate using maceration and soxhlet methods. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to detect the presence of bioactive compounds using standard methods. The crude extracts of S. alata were investigated for antibacterial properties using agar well diffusion method and mechanisms of antibiosis determined using MBC/MIC ratio.
Results: In both methods of extraction, methanol yielded more extracts compared to other solvents. Soxhlet methanol extract (SaMeSh) had the highest (12.21%) percentage yield while maceration ethyl acetate extract (SaEaMa) had the least (4.77%) percentage yield. The phytochemicals assayed revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids and steroids. However, terpenoids was not detected in methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. Senna alata extracts demonstrated broad spectrum of activity against the tested isolates at various concentrations with organic solvents exhibiting the highest antibacterial activity. However, the observed activity varied with respect to concentration of extract and types of organisms. The MIC values ranged from 31.25 to 250 mg/mL and MBC values from 62.5 to 500 mg/mL. The MIC index of the crude extracts against the test uropathogens was ≤8.
Conclusion: This study indicates that S. alata could be a source of novel antimicrobial agent. Further research is required to isolate, characterize and identify bioactive constituents responsible for the observed activity.
Transient Elastography (Fibroscan) for the Prediction of Esophageal Varices in Egyptian Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Elkafoury Rania Mamdouh , Kobtan Abdelrahman Abdelraouf , Soliman Hanan Hamed , Salah Raafat Abdelkader 
Published: December 2022

Background: Esophageal varices (EVs) are atypically dilated submucosal veins, which occurs consequently to portal hypertension. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM), obtained by transient elastography (Fibroscan), strongly correlates with portal hypertension.
Aim: Is to predict the presence and grading of esophageal varices in Egyptian patients with liver cirrhosis using Fibroscan and other noninvasive tests.
Methods: A 101 cirrhotic patients indicated for upper endoscopy were enrolled consecutively and subdivided according to endoscopic findings into: Group I (70 patients with EVs) and Group II (31 patients without EVs). Upper endoscopy, ultrasonography, routine lab. and Fibroscan assessment were done to all patients.
Results: LSM correlated directly and significantly with the presence (p <0.001), and grading of EVs (p = 0.001). A LSM cut off value of 18.55 kPa had an AUC of 0.726, sensitivity of 74.3%, specificity of 54.8%, PPV of 78.79%, and a NPV of 48.57% for predicting the presence of EVs. Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (PSR) inversely correlated with the EVs presence (p = 0.002), and grading (p <0.001). PSR had a cut off value of 742.17, an AUC of 0.695, sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 58.6% (PPV of 82%, NPV of 43.14%) for EVs presence. Right lobe diameter/Albumin ratio (RLAR) correlated directly with EVs presence (p = 0.001), and grading (p =0.012). RLAR cut off value of 3.62 had AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 0.7, 64.3%, 67.7%, 81.8%, and 45.7%, respectively for the prediction of EVs presence.
Conclusion: LSM, PSR, RLAR as noninvasive methods for predicting the presence and grading of EVs are of moderate accuracy.
Antidrug Antibodies to Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibitors in Patients With Noninfectious Uveitis
Authors: Bellur Sunil , McHarg Matthew , Kongwattananon Wijak , Vitale Susan , Sen H. Nida , Kodati Shilpa 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceTumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) can induce antidrug antibody (ADA) formation and loss of therapeutic response. However, the utility of ADA testing and the association between ADAs and treatment response in patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU) is not well understood.ObjectiveTo assess the frequency of ADAs and their association with drug levels and clinical response in patients with NIU treated with adalimumab or infliximab.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included patients diagnosed with NIU who received adalimumab or infliximab and underwent testing for serum drug level and ADAs at the National Eye Institute from September 2017 to July 2021.ExposuresSerum drug level testing with reflex testing for ADA levels was performed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the association between drug levels and ADAs, clinical response, and concurrent antimetabolite use in patients treated with TNFis for NIU.ResultsOf 54 patients included in the study, 42 received adalimumab (mean [SD] age, 43.6 [19.6] years; 25 [59.5%] female) and 12 received infliximab (mean [SD] age, 42.7 [20.4] years; 7 [58.3%] male). In the adalimumab group, mean (SD) drug level was 9.72 (6.82) μg/mL, mean (SD) ADA level was 84.2 (172.9) arbitrary units/mL, and ADA frequency was 35.7% (15 of 42 patients). Mean drug level was lower in those with ADAs compared with those without ADAs (mean [SD], 2.8 [2.6] μg/mL vs 13.6 [5.2] μg/mL; difference: 10.8 μg/mL; 95% CI, 8.3-13.2 μg/mL; P &amp;lt; .001). There was a higher mean drug level with concurrent antimetabolite use compared with monotherapy (mean [SD], 11.0 [7.3] μg/mL vs 6.8 [4.5] μg/mL; difference: –4.2 μg/mL; 95% CI, –8.7 to 0.2 μg/mL; P = .06). Multivariable modeling showed that a 1−arbitrary unit increase in ADAs was associated with a –0.02 μg/mL (95% CI, –0.01 to –0.34 μg/mL) difference in mean drug level (P &amp;lt; .001). Favorable clinical response was associated with a threshold drug level above 2.7 μg/mL or an antibody level below 15.2 μg/mL. The mean (SD) drug level in the infliximab group was 27.02 (18.15) μg/mL, and no ADAs were detected.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, 35.7% of adalimumab-treated patients with NIU had ADAs. The presence of ADAs was associated with lower drug levels, and higher ADA levels were associated with increased risk of TNFi treatment failure. Although limited by the retrospective design, our results suggest that therapeutic drug monitoring may be considered among patients experiencing therapy failure to help exclude ADAs as a potential cause of treatment failure.
Synthesis, Photophysics and Optical Limiting Properties of Functionalized Benzofuran Derivatives
Authors: Shang Honglin , Zhou Wenfa , Wu Xingzhi , Xiao Jinchong , Song Yinglin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA series of functionalized benzofuran derivatives (2,3,4) have been strategically synthesized and characterized via NMR spectra and high resolution mass spectrometry. To enhance the solubility in organic common solvents, long alkyl groups were introduced into the parent skeletons in compounds2 b,3 b,4 b. The photophysical properties were examined in a comparative manner. The self‐assembly behaviors were further studied, indicating that the regular nanostructures could be tuned by the change of the ratio of THF and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) aqueous solution. Moreover,3 bpresented nonlinear optical (NLO) response recorded through open‐aperture Z‐scan way. The threshold of3 bwas 2.08 J/cm2, which is lower than that of the state‐of‐the‐art material C60(4.01 J/cm2) under the similar operation condition, implying that such molecule might be promising optical limiting (OL) materials.
Robinson Annulation Applied to the Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Alipour Batoul , Zadsirjan Vahideh , Malmir Masoume 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Robinson annulation is a significant reaction for the synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated ketone ring including the generation of two C−C bonds. It involves a Michael addition of a ketone and a methyl or ethyl vinyl ketone with subsequent intramolecular aldol condensation. Natural products and their structurally related analogues have historically made a major contribution to pharmacotherapy, particularly for cancer and infectious diseases. The Robinson annulation has frequently been employed as a vital step in the total synthesis of these important naturally occurring compounds and related complex biologically active products. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of the Robinson annulation in the total synthesis of biologically active natural products.
Novel feedforward‐feedback‐based continuous process transition strategy for chemical industry
Authors: Cao Xin‐Yi , Xu Feng , Luo Xiong‐Lin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAs a typical regulation means to realize a large‐scale transition of the system condition, the lack of feedback compensation in the transition strategy leads to the fact that it has no moderating effect on interference. In order to ensure the safe and smooth operation of the system, it is necessary to coordinate the transition and control, that is, to achieve the process transition through a closed‐loop control structure. The existing coordination scheme can meet this demand, but there is a defect of poor anti‐interference. To this end, a novel coordination scheme integrating transition with control is proposed in the paper, which alleviates the burden on the feedback control system by adding the manipulated variable reference trajectory. When interferences occur, the proposed coordination scheme can positively respond and compensate for the negative influence of disturbances, allowing the system to quickly return to the desired state. Besides, the corresponding analytical solution method is presented for the new coordination scheme, which avoids the complication of the conventional optimization solution method. Finally, the advantage of our coordination scheme has been effectively verified through the feed fluctuation ethylene column.
Accelerated CMC workflows to enable speed to clinic in the COVID‐19 era: A multi‐company view from the biopharmaceutical industry
Authors: Higgins Matthew F. , Abu‐Absi Nicholas , Gontarz Elena , Gorr Ingo H. , Kaiser Klaus , Patel Pramthesh , Ritacco Frank , Sheehy Patrick , Thangaraj Balakumar , Gill Tony 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on biopharmaceutical companies to develop efficacious preventative and therapeutic treatments, which is unlikely to abate in the coming years. The importance of fast progress to clinical evaluation for treatments, which tackle unmet medical needs puts strain on traditional product development timelines, which can take years from start to finish. Although previous work has been successful in reducing phase 1 timelines for recombinant antibodies, through utilization of the latest technological advances and acceptance of greater business risk or costs, substantially faster development is likely achievable without increased risk to patients during initial clinical evaluation. To optimize lessons learned from the pandemic and maximize multi‐stakeholder (i.e., patients, clinicians, companies, regulatory agencies) benefit, we conducted an industry wide benchmarking survey in September/October 2021. The aims of this survey were to: (i) benchmark current technical practices of key process and product development activities related to manufacturing of therapeutic proteins, (ii) understand the impact of changes implemented in COVID‐19 accelerated Ab programs, and whether any such changes can be retained as part of sustainable long‐term business practices and (iii) understand whether any accelerative action(s) taken have (negatively) impacted the wider development process. This article provides an in‐depth analysis of this data, ultimately highlighting an industry perspective of how biopharmaceutical companies can sustainably adopt new approaches to therapeutic protein development and production.
Validation of different personalized risk models of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting: results of a randomized, double‐blind, phase III trial of fosaprepitant for cancer patients treated with high‐dose cisplatin
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhao Bing , Chen Gang , Chen Yinlan , Liao Zijun , Zhang Haiming , Feng Weineng , Li Yinyin , Weng Heng , Li Weidong , Zhou Yuefen , Ren Biyong , Lu Yanda , Chen Jianhua , Liu Zhenteng , Su Zhenzhong , Wang Wenliang , Zhang Li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundHighly emetogenic chemotherapy induces emesis in cancer patients without prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fosaprepitant‐based triple antiemetic regimen for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with solid malignant tumors, determine risk factors and externally validate different personalized risk models for CINV.MethodsThis phase III trial was designed to test the non‐inferiority of fosaprepitant toward aprepitant in cancer patients who were to receive the first cycle of single‐day cisplatin chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR) during the overall phase (OP) with a non‐inferiority margin of 10.0%. Logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors of CR and no nausea. To validate the personalized risk models, the accuracy of the risk scoring systems was determined by measuring the specificity, sensitivity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), while the predictive accuracy of the nomogram was measured using concordance index (C‐index).ResultsA total of 720 patients were randomly assigned. CR during the OP in the fosaprepitant group was not inferior to that in the aprepitant group (78.1% vs. 77.7%, P = 0.765) with a between‐group difference of 0.4% (95% CI, ‐5.7% to 6.6%). Female sex, higher cisplatin dose (≥ 70 mg/m2), no history of drinking and larger body surface area (BSA) were significantly associated with nausea. The AUC for the acute and delayed CINV risk indexes was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.66‐0.71) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.61‐0.70), respectively, and the C‐index for nomogram CINV prediction was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.54‐0.64). Using appropriate cutoff points, the three models could stratify patients with high‐ or low‐risk CINV. No nausea and CR rate were significantly higher in the low‐risk group than in the high‐risk group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsFosaprepitant‐based triple prophylaxis demonstrated non‐inferior control for preventing CINV in patients treated with cisplatin‐base chemotherapy. Female cancer patients without a history of alcohol consumption, with larger BSA and received high‐dose cisplatin might be more vulnerable to CINV. Three personalized prediction models were well‐validated and could be used to optimize antiemetic therapy for individual patients.
Five New Phenylpropanoyl Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Leptospermum scoparium
Authors: Gu Ji‐Hong , Liu Jun‐Shan , Lin Jia‐Hui , Liu Fen , Wu Zhen‐Long , Zheng Yuan‐Ru , Ye Wen‐Cai , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLeptosperols C−G (1–5), five new phenylpropanoyl phloroglucinol derivatives were isolated from the leaves of Leptospermum scoparium. Compounds 1–3 are phenylpropanoyl phloroglucinol‐sesquiterpene adducts with new carbon skeletons. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate anti‐inflammatory activity in zebrafish acute inflammatory models.
The Ileoileal intussusception due to a tubular duplication in a child: A case report
Authors: Monazzami Mehran , Atqiaee Khashayar , Dehghanian Paria , Shaman Zahroodi Hojjat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntussusception is a surgical emergency that may result in the perforation of the intestinal wall if not immediately treated. Pathologic lead points, such as intestinal duplication, are present in 2.2%–15% of the cases.We describe a 4‐year‐old girl with a necrotic ileoileal intussusception diagnosed with a rare tubular ileal duplication.
Hyperkalemia mimicking de Winter T waves: A case report
Authors: Sasmita Bryan Richard , Luo Suxin , Huang Bi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract“De Winter” electrocardiogram pattern is considered an equivalent risk to ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and usually indicates occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, which needs emergent revascularization treatment. However, some conditions can mimic “de Winter” electrocardiogram pattern and may cause misdiagnosis. Here, we reported a case of hyperkalemia presented with “de Winter‐like” electrocardiogram pattern. This study aimed to increase physicians' awareness about the impact of electrolyte disorder on electrocardiographic changes.
An Asymmetric Non‐fullerene Acceptor with Low Energy Loss and High Photovoltaic Efficiency
Authors: Xu Ye , Wang Jingwen , Yao Huifeng , Bi Pengqing , Zhang Tao , Xu Jianmei , Hou Jianhui 
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive SummaryMinimizing energy loss (Eloss) plays a key role in improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, to reveal the feasibility of the asymmetric molecular strategy in designing high‐efficiency and low Eloss OSC materials, we adopt the alkyl‐alkoxy modification to design an asymmetric non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) named OC8‐4F, where its symmetric alkyl‐ and alkoxy‐substituted counterparties (2OC8‐4F, eC9‐4F) are also prepared. The results suggest that the introduction of a symmetric alkoxy at the edge of eC9‐4F can effectively decrease the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit level without greatly changing the highest occupied molecular orbit level, leading to a mediated bandgap. In the devices, the OC8‐4F possesses well‐balanced charge generation and Eloss, giving the highest PCE of 18%. Our results imply that finely tuning the asymmetric structure can be used as an effective molecular design strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.