bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Microseismic Triggering to Small Sinusoidal Stress Perturbations at the Laboratory Scale
Authors: Colledge Martin , Aubry Jérôme , Chanard Kristel , Pétrélis François , Duverger Clara , Bollinger Laurent , Schubnel Alexandre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSmall transient stress perturbations are prone to trigger (micro)seismicity. In the Earth's crust, these stress perturbations can be caused by various sources such as the passage of seismic waves, forcing by tides, or hydrological seasonal loads. A better understanding of the dynamic of earthquake triggering by stress perturbations is essential to improve our understanding of earthquake physics and our consideration of seismic hazard. Here, we study an experimental sandstone‐gouge‐filled fault system undergoing combined far field loading and periodic stress perturbations (of variable amplitude and frequency) at crustal pressure conditions. Microseismicity—in the form of acoustic emissions (AEs)—strains, and stresses, are continuously recorded in order to study the response of microseismicity as a function of loading rate, amplitude, and frequency of a periodic stress perturbation. The observed AE distributions do not follow the predictions of either a Coulomb failure model, taking into account both constant loading and oscillation‐induced strain rates, or a rate and state model. A susceptibility of the system's AE response to the amplitude of the confinement pressure perturbation is estimated, which highlights a linear relation between confinement pressure amplitude and the AE response amplitude, observations which agree with recent higher frequency experimental results on dynamic triggering. The magnitude‐frequency distribution of AEs is also computed. The Gutenberg‐Richter b‐value oscillates with stress oscillations. Our experiments may help complement our understanding of the influence of low inertia stress phenomena on the distribution of seismicity, such as observations of dynamic triggering and seismicity modulation by tides or hydrological loading.
Tracing Sediment Melt Activity in the Sub‐Continental Lithosphere: Insights From Zn‐Fe Stable Isotopes
Authors: Zhang Ganglan , Liu Yongsheng , Xu Rong , Moynier Frédéric , Zhu Yangtao , Ren Huange , Jiang Xin , Li Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecycling of upper crustal sediments through slab subduction contributes to sub‐continental lithospheric refertilization and heterogeneity. However, the nature of recycled upper crustal components is unclear and direct evidence for sediment melt activity in the sub‐continental lithosphere is lacking. Here, we integrate major and trace elements, zircon U‐Pb dating, Sr‐Nd‐Zn‐Fe isotopic compositions of clinopyroxenites (crust‐mantle boundary) and a “glassy” xenolith from the North China Craton to relate their petrogenesis to the potential recycling of upper continental crust and provide direct insight into the sediment melt‐rock interaction. The clinopyroxenites have relatively uniform δ56Fe values (the permil deviation of the 56Fe/54Fe ratio from the IRMM014; −0.05‰–0.07‰, except for one outlier) and are not affected by melt metasomatism. The clinopyroxenites have highly variable whole‐rock δ66Zn values (the permil deviation of the 66Zn/64Zn ratio from the JMC‐Lyon standard) between 0.04‰ and 0.46‰, that closely correlate with Rb/La, K/U, Ba/Th, and Th/Nb ratios, and generate arrays that trend toward a composition similar to the “glassy” xenolith. The “glassy” xenolith has a high δ66Zn value (0.43‰ ± 0.05‰, 2SD) and a significantly low 143Nd/144Nd ratio (0.510991). This evidence implies that the “glassy” xenolith may represent a quenched sediment melt formed by the melting of carbonate‐bearing terrigenous sediments that may also be responsible for the metasomatism of clinopyroxenite xenoliths. The geochemical evidence from the “glassy” and clinopyroxenite xenoliths provides a direct evidence for the activity of sediment melt with upper continental crust components in the sub‐continental lithosphere.
Vertical Coupling of Gusts in the Lower Boundary Layer During Super Typhoons and Squall Lines
Authors: Zhou Qian‐Jin , Li Lei , Chan Pak Wai , Cheng Xue‐Ling , Yang Hong‐Long , Lan Chang‐Xing , Su Jia‐Chen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIdentifying the coupling relationships between gusts at different altitudes of weather systems over land is essential to recognize the inherent energy transfer patterns of different types of windy weather systems and design civil structures and infrastructures. Using the time‐lagged convergent cross‐mapping (LCCM) and data obtained from the 356‐m‐high Shenzhen Meteorological Gradient Tower, we present an observational study of the gusts and momentum flux of two super typhoons (STs) and two squall lines (SLs). Compared to STs, the gusts in SLs are characterized by high amplitude bursts and first occur near the surface. Bivariate toy models and observational data showed that LCCM reliably identifies coupling relationships in the nonlinear system. Subsequently, we systematically demonstrated that LCCM can identify long‐distance interactions of multilevel gusts in different types of gale weather systems. Finally, the downward transportation of energy in ST was verified from the perspective of wind structure and turbulent vertical flux. The upper‐level STs gusts varied ahead of the lower‐level gusts, whereas the SLs showed the opposite result, which is consistent with the coupling relationship obtained by the LCCM method. The results of the study are expected to enhance the understanding of the characteristics of multilevel energy transfer of TC and SL boundary layers over land, provide useful information for validating numerical weather prediction models of damaging weather systems, and facilitate gale hazard prevention in coastal regions.
Impact Generation of Holes in the Early Lunar Crust: Scaling Relations
Authors: Jackson Alan P. , Perera Viranga , Gabriel Travis S. J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAfter its formation, the Moon is widely believed to have possessed a deep, global magma ocean. As it cooled, an anorthositic crust formed, floating atop this magma ocean and acting as an insulating blanket. As well as forming the Moon, the Moon‐forming giant impact also released more than a lunar mass of debris into heliocentric orbit. Reimpacting debris subjected the newly formed Moon to an extremely intense bombardment. We have conducted a suite of impact simulations for a range of conditions representative of this early period. We find that impact outcomes can be divided into four regimes and construct scaling relations for the transitions between these regimes and size of impact features. Exposure of liquid magma to the surface is generally more efficient than previously assumed, implying significant shortening of the solidification time of the Lunar Magma Ocean. Comparison with work on icy satellites also suggests that penetration of a solid crust overlying liquid is a relatively universal process with weak dependence on target material properties.
Cold Collar Reproduced by a Venus GCM With the Akatsuki Horizontal Wind Assimilation
Authors: Ando Hiroki , Fujisawa Yukiko , Sugimoto Norihiko , Takagi Masahiro , Matsuda Yoshihisa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe thermal structure of the upper atmosphere in the Venus polar region is reproduced by the assimilation of horizontal winds in low‐ and mid‐latitudes derived from the Akatsuki ultra‐violet images. The obtained structure is well consistent with infrared and radio occultation measurements. In particular, the unique thermal features in the Venus polar vortex such as the cold collar and the warm polar region in our model are realistic: the level where the cold collar is located and the temperature difference between the cold collar and the warm polar region are consistent with data. The reasons why the thermal structure of the upper atmosphere in the Venus polar region is realistic are that the zonal wind distribution around the cloud top level and the structure of the residual mean meridional circulation induced by the thermal tides are improved with respect to the model without data assimilation. Our results also suggest that the thermal structure in the Venus upper polar region is closely related to the atmospheric dynamics.
L1 and Off Sun‐Earth Line Visible‐Light Imaging of Earth‐Directed CMEs: An Analysis of Inconsistent Observations
Authors: Harrison Richard A. , Davies Jackie A. , Barnes David , Möstl Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe efficacy of coronal mass ejection (CME) observations as a key input to space weather forecasting is explored by comparing on and off Sun‐Earth line observations from the ESA/NASA SOHO and NASA STEREO spacecraft. A comparison is made of CME catalogs based on L1 coronagraph imagery and off Sun‐Earth line coronagraph and heliospheric imager observations, for the year 2011. Analysis reveals inconsistencies in the identification of a number of potentially Earth‐directed CMEs. The catalogs reflect our ability to identify and characterize CMEs, so any discrepancies can impact our prediction of Earth‐directed CMEs. We show that 15 CMEs, which were observed by STEREO, that had estimated directions compatible with Earth‐directed events, had no identified halo/partial halo counterpart listed in the L1 coronagraph CME catalog. In situ data confirms that for 9 of these there was a consistent L1 Interplanetary CME (ICME). The number of such “discrepant” events is significant compared to the number of ICMEs recorded at L1 in 2011, stressing the need to address space weather monitoring capabilities, particularly with the inclusion of off Sun‐Earth line observation. While the study provides evidence that some halo CMEs are simply not visible in near‐Earth coronagraph imagery, there is evidence that some halo CMEs viewed from L1 are compromised by preceding CME remnants or the presence of multiple‐CMEs. This underlines (a) the value of multiple vantage point CME observation, and (b) the benefit of off Sun‐Earth line platform heliospheric imaging, and coronagraph imaging, for the efficient identification and tracking of Earth‐directed events.
Downcoast Redistribution of Changjiang Diluted Water Due To Typhoon Chan‐Hom (2015)
Authors: Lin Yunpeng , Li Yunhai , Cong Shuai , Liu Meng , Wang Liang , Zheng Binxin , Xu Jingping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTyphoons are known to substantially influence the coastal circulation and the associated biogeochemical processes. The transport of Changjiang diluted water (CDW), an important source to the coastal current in the East China Sea (ECS), varies markedly under the influence of typhoons. This study quantitively details the downcoast transport of CDW driven by Typhoon Chan‐Hom in the summer of 2015. Salinity measurements 3 days after the typhoon's passage showed the presence of a large volume of low‐salinity water, up to 70‐km wide and 20‐m thick along the Zhejiang‐Fujian coastal area with an estimated freshwater volume of 3.7 × 1010 m3. A three‐endmember mixing model shows that the CDW's contribution to the study area's surface waters (<10 m) immediately after the typhoon was as high as 40% (average 32%), much greater than the contribution under normal summer conditions of 8% (average 3%). The vast spreading of CDW along the Zhejiang‐Fujian coast created a strong stratification in the upper water column that limited the diffusion of CDW in the study area. The calculated and observed results suggest that these abnormal low‐salinity water could stay in the study area for 13–21 days. Additional nutrients in the CDW elevated the Chlorophyll‐a concentration in the upper water column (mean 3.74 mg m−3) and produced large amount of particulate organic carbon.
A tabletop X-ray tomography instrument for nanometer-scale imaging: reconstructions
Authors: Levine Zachary H. , Alpert Bradley K. , Dagel Amber L. , Fowler Joseph W. , Jimenez Edward S. , Nakamura Nathan , Swetz Daniel S. , Szypryt Paul , Thompson Kyle R. , Ullom Joel N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe show three-dimensional reconstructions of a region of an integrated circuit from a 130 nm copper process. The reconstructions employ x-ray computed tomography, measured with a new and innovative high-magnification x-ray microscope. The instrument uses a focused electron beam to generate x-rays in a 100 nm spot and energy-resolving x-ray detectors that minimize backgrounds and hold promise for the identification of materials within the sample. The x-ray generation target, a layer of platinum, is fabricated on the circuit wafer itself. A region of interest is imaged from a limited range of angles and without physically removing the region from the larger circuit. The reconstruction is consistent with the circuit’s design file.
Nucleotide binding halts diffusion of the eukaryotic replicative helicase during activation
Authors: Ramírez Montero Daniel , Sánchez Humberto , van Veen Edo , van Laar Theo , Solano Belén , Diffley John F. X. , Dekker Nynke H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe eukaryotic replicative helicase CMG centrally orchestrates the replisome and leads the way at the front of replication forks. Understanding the motion of CMG on the DNA is therefore key to our understanding of DNA replication. In vivo, CMG is assembled and activated through a cell-cycle-regulated mechanism involving 36 polypeptides that has been reconstituted from purified proteins in ensemble biochemical studies. Conversely, single-molecule studies of CMG motion have thus far relied on pre-formed CMG assembled through an unknown mechanism upon overexpression of individual constituents. Here, we report the activation of CMG fully reconstituted from purified yeast proteins and the quantification of its motion at the single-molecule level. We observe that CMG can move on DNA in two ways: by unidirectional translocation and by diffusion. We demonstrate that CMG preferentially exhibits unidirectional translocation in the presence of ATP, whereas it preferentially exhibits diffusive motion in the absence of ATP. We also demonstrate that nucleotide binding halts diffusive CMG independently of DNA melting. Taken together, our findings support a mechanism by which nucleotide binding allows newly assembled CMG to engage with the DNA within its central channel, halting its diffusion and facilitating the initial DNA melting required to initiate DNA replication.
Global navigation of Lithium in water bodies and emerging human health crisis
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Zain Muhammad , Shakoor Noman , Ahmad Muhammad Arslan , Azeem Imran , Aziz Muhammad Abdullah , Tulcan Robert Xavier Supe , Rathore Akshit , Tahir Muhammad , Horton Robert , Xu Ming , Yukui Rui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe production of lithium (Li) increased by 256% in recent years due to unprecedented demands from technological industries. Intensive harvesting poses serious impacts on the sustainability of Li production. Herein, we address the global Li cycle and predict the peak production to reach 740000 million tons in 2041. Global Li accumulation in water bodies is mapped, and the consequences on human health of a wide range (<0.06–>20 mg L−1) of Li concentrations in drinking water are explored. The implications to human health of Li exposure remains unresolved and needs further investigation. There are still no recommendations on safe limits of Li in drinking water for humankind. In conclusion, there is an emergency call to health governing bodies, environmental protection agencies and scientific communities for urgent efforts on sustainable production of Li and identify their thresholds levels in drinking water to minimize the emerging consequences of Li on humans.
A new kinematic dataset of lower limbs action for balance testing
Authors: Dong Anqi , Wang Fei , Shuai ZhenYu , Zhang Kaiyu , Qian Dexing , Tian Yinsheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBalance is a common performance but nevertheless an essential part of performance analysis investigations in ski. Many skier pay attention to the training of balance ability in training. Inertial Measurement Unit, as a kind of Multiplex-type human motion capture system, is widely used because of its humanized human-computer interaction design, low energy consumption and more freedom provided by the environment. The purpose of this research is to use sensor to establish a kinematics dataset of balance test tasks extracted from skis to help quantify skier’ balance ability. Perception Neuron Studio motion capture device is used in present. The dataset contains a total of 20 participants’ data (half male) of the motion and sensor data, which is collected at a 100 Hz sampling frequency. To our knowledge, this dataset is the only one that uses a BOSU ball in the balance test. We hope that this dataset will contribute to multiple fields of cross-technology integration in physical training and functional testing, including big-data analysis, sports equipment design and sports biomechanical analysis.
A distributable German clinical corpus containing cardiovascular clinical routine doctor’s letters
Authors: Richter-Pechanski Phillip , Wiesenbach Philipp , Schwab Dominic M. , Kiriakou Christina , He Mingyang , Allers Michael M. , Tiefenbacher Anna S. , Kunz Nicola , Martynova Anna , Spiller Noemie , Mierisch Julian , Borchert Florian , Schwind Charlotte , Frey Norbert , Dieterich Christoph , Geis Nicolas A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present CARDIO:DE, the first freely available and distributable large German clinical corpus from the cardiovascular domain. CARDIO:DE encompasses 500 clinical routine German doctor’s letters from Heidelberg University Hospital, which were manually annotated. Our prospective study design complies well with current data protection regulations and allows us to keep the original structure of clinical documents consistent. In order to ease access to our corpus, we manually de-identified all letters. To enable various information extraction tasks the temporal information in the documents was preserved. We added two high-quality manual annotation layers to CARDIO:DE, (1) medication information and (2) CDA-compliant section classes. To the best of our knowledge, CARDIO:DE is the first freely available and distributable German clinical corpus in the cardiovascular domain. In summary, our corpus offers unique opportunities for collaborative and reproducible research on natural language processing models for German clinical texts.
Mass spectrometry-based proteomic strategy for ecchymotic skin examination in forensic pathology
Authors: Toma Lorenzo , Vignali Giulia , Maffioli Elisa , Tambuzzi Stefano , Giaccari Roberta , Mattarozzi Monica , Nonnis Simona , Milioli Marco , Franceschetti Lorenzo , Paredi Gianluca , Negri Armando , Riccardi Benedetta , Cattaneo Cristina , Careri Maria , Tedeschi Gabriella , Bruno Stefano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has recently attracted the attention from forensic pathologists. This work is the first report of the development of a shotgun bottom-up proteomic approach based on rapid protein extraction and nano-liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry applied to full-thickness human skin for the differential analysis of normal and ecchymotic tissues to identify new biomarkers for bruise characterization and dating. We identified around 2000 proteins from each pooled extract. The method showed excellent precision on independent replicates, with Pearson correlation coefficients always higher than 95%. Glycophorin A, a known biomarker of vital wounds from immunochemical studies, was identified only in ecchymotic tissues, as confirmed by Western blotting analysis. This finding suggests that this protein can be used as a MS-detectable biomarker of wound vitality. By focusing on skin samples from individuals with known wound dating, besides Glycophorin A, other proteins differentially expressed in ecchymotic samples and dependant on wound age were identified, although further analysis on larger datasets are needed to validate these findings. This study paves the way for an in-depth investigation of the potential of MS-based techniques for wound examination in forensic pathology, overcoming the limitations of immunochemical assays.
Non-invasive mass and temperature quantifications with spectral CT
Authors: Liu Leening P. , Hwang Matthew , Hung Matthew , Soulen Michael C. , Schaer Thomas P. , Shapira Nadav , Noël Peter B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpectral CT has been increasingly implemented clinically for its better characterization and quantification of materials through its multi-energy results. It also facilitates calculation of physical density, allowing for non-invasive mass measurements and temperature evaluations by manipulating the definition of physical density and thermal volumetric expansion, respectively. To develop spectral physical density quantifications, original and parametrized Alvarez–Macovski model and electron density-physical density model were validated with a phantom. The best physical density model was then implemented on clinical spectral CT scans of ex vivo bovine muscle to determine the accuracy and effect of acquisition parameters on mass measurements. In addition, the relationship between physical density and changes in temperature was evaluated by scanning and subjecting the tissue to a range of temperatures. The parametrized Alvarez–Macovski model performed best in both model development and validation with errors within ± 0.02 g/mL. No effect from acquisition parameters was observed in mass measurements, which demonstrated accuracy with a maximum percent error of 0.34%. Furthermore, physical density was strongly correlated (R of 0.9781) to temperature changes through thermal volumetric expansion. Accurate and precise spectral physical density quantifications enable non-invasive mass measurements for pathological detection and temperature evaluation for thermal therapy monitoring in interventional oncology.
A multi-omics integrative analysis based on CRISPR screens re-defines the pluripotency regulatory network in ESCs
Authors: Ruan Yan , Wang Jiaqi , Yu Meng , Wang Fengsheng , Wang Jiangjun , Xu Yixiao , Liu Lianlian , Cheng Yuda , Yang Ran , Zhang Chen , Yang Yi , Wang JiaLi , Wu Wei , Huang Yi , Tian Yanping , Chen Guangxing , Zhang Junlei , Jian Rui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA comprehensive and precise definition of the pluripotency gene regulatory network (PGRN) is crucial for clarifying the regulatory mechanisms in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Here, after a CRISPR/Cas9-based functional genomics screen and integrative analysis with other functional genomes, transcriptomes, proteomes and epigenome data, an expanded pluripotency-associated gene set is obtained, and a new PGRN with nine sub-classes is constructed. By integrating the DNA binding, epigenetic modification, chromatin conformation, and RNA expression profiles, the PGRN is resolved to six functionally independent transcriptional modules (CORE, MYC, PAF, PRC, PCGF and TBX). Spatiotemporal transcriptomics reveal activated CORE/MYC/PAF module activity and repressed PRC/PCGF/TBX module activity in both mouse ESCs (mESCs) and pluripotent cells of early embryos. Moreover, this module activity pattern is found to be shared by human ESCs (hESCs) and cancers. Thus, our results provide novel insights into elucidating the molecular basis of ESC pluripotency.