bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of antioxidants after post‐space irrigation on the adhesive interface of glass fiber post cementation
Authors: Cândido Beatriz Dansini , Manzoli Tatiane Miranda , Zaniboni Joissi Ferrari , Besegato João Felipe , Godoy Eduardo Fernández , Kuga Milton Carlos , Dantas Andréa Abi Rached 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of antioxidants, 10% sodium ascorbate (SA) or 20% alpha‐tocopherol (AT), after post‐space irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite +17% EDTA (SH) or 1% peracetic acid (PA) on the adhesive interface after glass fiber post cementation.Materials and MethodsSixty bovine roots were endodontically treated. After preparation, the post‐space was irrigated with SH or PA followed or not by the use of antioxidants (SA or AT) (n = 10). Push‐out bond strength test, failure mode, and dentin penetrability analysis using confocal laser microscope were performed in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. Data from bond strength and dentinal penetrability were evaluated by one‐way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05).ResultsSH showed the lowest bond strength regardless of the third (p < 0.05). In apical third, mixed failure was the most incident in all groups. Only in the cervical third of the post‐space, SH‐AT provided the greatest tag extension of the cementation system into dentin (p < 0.05). However, in the middle and apical thirds, SH‐AT, SH‐SA, and PA‐SA provided the largest tag extensions (p < 0.05), but similar to each other (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe use of antioxidants only favored bond strength when SH was used and dentin penetrability of the adhesive and conventional resin cementation, regardless of the solution used to irrigate the post‐space.Clinical SignificanceThe use of antioxidants (10% sodium ascorbate and 20% alpha‐tocopherol) after post‐space irrigation with sodium hypochlorite appears to increase the bond strength favoring the glass fiber post‐cementation.
Unexpected ubiquity of heart‐shaped scale morphotype in Centroplasthelida (Haptista): Ancestral trait or multiple acquisitions?
Authors: Gerasimova Elena A. , Mindolina Yulia V. , Tikhonenkov Denis V. , Kataev Vladimir Y. , Balkin Alexander S. , Mikhailov Kirill V. , Zagumyonnyi Dmitry G. , Plotnikov Andrey O. , Zlatogursky Vasily V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCentrohelids (Haptista: Centroplasthelida) are axopodial protists with a remarkable diversity of external siliceous scale morphologies. It is believed that the last common ancestor of centrohelids had a double layer of siliceous scales composed of plate scales closer to a cell surface and spine scales radiating outwards. The characteristic morphotype of spine scales with a heart‐shaped base was once believed to be a unique feature of the genus Choanocystis, as it was defined by Siemensma and Roijackers (1988). Further research revealed that this morphology is present in different and sometimes distantly related lineages: Ozanamiidae, Meringosphaeridae, and Marophryidae. Here, we report the fourth clade, Pterocystidae, which is also revealed to contain representatives having this phenotype. Cernunnos gen. nov. is erected here to place Cernunnos uralica sp. nov., Cernunnos arctica sp. nov., Cernunnos america sp. nov., and Cernunnos antarctica Tikhonenkov et Mylnikov, 2010, Gerasimova comb. nov. C. uralica was studied with scanning electron microscopy and SSU rDNA sequencing. Molecular phylogenetic analysis placed it into marine environmental clade P within Pterocystida. The ubiquity of spine scales with heart‐shaped bases could be an example of parallel evolution, but taking into account the considerable similarity it is likely an ancestral trait, acquired from the last common ancestor of centrohelids.
Individual, social and environmental factors influencing dietary behaviour in shift workers with type 2 diabetes working in UK healthcare: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Rubner Sophie , D'Annibale Maria , Oliver Nick , McGowan Barbara , Guess Nicola , Lorencatto Fabiana , Gibson Rachel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to understand the individual, social and environmental factors influencing dietary behaviour in shift workers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) working in UK healthcare settings.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted using data collected from an anonymous online survey. Participant agreement was measured using five‐point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree) against 38 belief statements informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) of behaviour change.ResultsFrom the complete responses (n = 119), 65% worked shifts without nights, 27% worked mixed shift rota including nights and 8% worked only night shifts. The statements ranked with the highest agreements were in the TDF domains: Environment Context/Resources (ECR) – mainly identified as a barrier to healthy eating, Behaviour Regulation (BR) and intention (IN) – identified as enablers to healthy eating. For the belief statement ‘the available options for purchasing food are too expensive’ (ECR), 80% of night workers and 75% non‐night workers agreed/strongly agreed. Taking their own food to work to prevent making unhealthy food choices (BR) had agreement/strong agreement in 73% of non‐night and 70% night workers; 74% non‐night workers and 80% of night workers agreed/strongly agreed with the statement ‘I would like to eat healthily at work’ (IN). Mixed shift workers agreed that following dietary advice was easier when working a non‐night compared to a night shift (p = 0.002).ConclusionsAccess and affordability of food were identified as important determinants of dietary behaviour during shifts. The findings support interventions targeting the food environment for shift workers with T2D.
Associations of the timing of sleep and meals with the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in community‐dwelling women in Japan
Authors: Nagata Chisato , Wada Keiko , Yamakawa Michiyo , Nakashima Yuma , Sugino Masaaki , Mori Tomoka , Nagao Yasuko , Ishihara Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Satoru 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt has been suspected that circadian rhythms may play a part in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The present study aimed to examine the cross‐sectional association of the timing of sleep and meals with the presence of GERD in community‐dwelling women in Japan.MethodsIn total, 605 women responded to a self‐administered questionnaire asking for information on GERD symptoms, sleep habits, sleep disturbances and the timing of meals. GERD symptoms were evaluated using the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD, and participants with a score of more than seven points were classified as having GERD.ResultsIn total, 104 (17.2%) women were found to have GERD. Later bedtime on both weekdays and weekends and later midpoint of sleep were significantly associated with the odds ratios (OR) of GERD after controlling for covariates: ORs for each 1 h delay were 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.68), 1.38 (95% CI = 1.08–1.75) and 1.43 (95% CI = 1.06–1.95). Having lunch at irregular times was significantly associated with the increased OR of GERD (1.99; 95% CI = 1.02–3.91). Longer overnight fasting duration and longer time intervals from the midpoint of sleep to breakfast and lunch were significantly associated with decreased OR of GERD (ORs for each 1 h increase were 0.73 [95% CI = 0.56–0.95], 0.64 [95% CI = 0.46–0.88] and 0.70 [95% CI = 0.51–0.96]).ConclusionsThese data suggest that the timing of sleep and timing of meals relative to the sleep/wake cycle are associated with the presence of GERD.
The relative efficacy of monotherapy with Janus kinase inhibitors, dupilumab and apremilast in adults with alopecia areata: Network meta‐analyses of clinical trials
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Bamimore Mary A. , Piguet Vincent , Tosti Antonella 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, biologics, and phosphodiesterase‐4 (PDE‐4) inhibitors are recent therapies for alopecia areata (AA)—albeit, knowledge gaps exist for these agents' relative efficacy.ObjectivesWe determined the relative efficacy and safety of monotherapy with the aforementioned agents in adults with AA.MethodsThe literature was systematically searched; we used data from randomized trials that investigated the agents' efficacy—as per Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) scores. Bayesian network meta‐analyses were used to determine relative efficacy and safety. Effect modification was determined using a generalized linear model on aggregate data; evidence quality was evaluated.ResultsBased on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve estimates obtained from multiple efficacy endpoints, regimens with the highest likelihood of achieving percent reduction in SALT scores, as well as a minimum 90%, 75% or 50% reduction in SALT scores are (in alphabetical order) baricitinib 4 mg once daily (QD), brepocitinib 60/30 mg QD, deuruxolitinib (CTP‐543) 12 mg twice daily (BID), ritlecitinib 200/50 mg QD, ruxolitinib 20 mg BID and tofacitinib 5 mg BID. In contrast, dupilumab subcutaneous injections administered weekly and apremilast 30 mg BID were less likely to be effective. Discontinuation due to any adverse event was the least likely with oral JAK inhibitors, and more likely with dupilumab and apremilast.ConclusionsOur results support the conduct of high‐quality comparative trials to determine whether JAK inhibitors are more effective and safer than PDE4 inhibitors.
Monetary Policy and Inequality
Authors: ANDERSEN ASGER LAU , JOHANNESEN NIELS , JØRGENSEN MIA , PEYDRÓ JOSÉ‐LUIS 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTWe analyze the distributional effects of monetary policy on income, wealth, and consumption. We use administrative household‐level data covering the entire population in Denmark over the period 1987 to 2014 and exploit a long‐standing currency peg as a source of exogenous variation in monetary policy. We find that gains from softer monetary policy in terms of income, wealth, and consumption are monotonically increasing in ex ante income. The distributional effects reflect systematic differences in exposure to the various channels of monetary policy, especially nonlabor channels (e.g., leverage and risky assets). Our estimates imply that softer monetary policy increases income inequality.
Effect of pony morphology and hay feeding methods on back and neck postures
Authors: Bordin Clara , Raspa Federica , Harris Patricia , Ellis Andrea Dorothea , Roggero Angela , Palestrini Claudia , Bergero Domenico , Valle Emanuela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe application of hay feeding devices, such as the use of hay nets or slow feeders, can help with the management of weight in ponies; however, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding their effect on equine posture. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of different feeding devices on the posture of ponies using morphometric analysis. Two different breed types, Shetland type (SH, n = 5) versus Welsh Cob type (WC, n = 4), were fed the same forage in four different ways: on the ground (G), using a fully filled haynet (HF), using a partially filled haynet (HL) and using a slow‐feeder hay box (HB). Video recordings were obtained and then geometric morphometric analysis was applied. Breed morphology was confirmed by body morphometric measurements. Data were analysed statistically using one‐way ANOVA, canonical variate analysis (CVA), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least‐squares (PLS) analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Moreover, a mixed model was performed to study differences in mandibular angle. SH and WC ponies were shown to have significantly different body morphometric measurements. The geometric morphometric analysis results showed that ponies arch their back and modify their neck shape differently according to the feeding method and their morphological group. For the neck, the SH and WC ponies adapted similarly to the use of small‐holed hay nets, but their posture varied when feeding from the ground or hay box. The back postures consistently differed according to the breed type and feeding method. The mandibular angle for both breed types was reduced with all the feeding devices compared to feeding from the ground. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long‐term effects of slow‐feeding devices on posture and mandibular angle, taking into consideration animals with different morphologies.
Isolation of Malassezia yeasts from dogs with gastrointestinal disease undergoing duodenal endoscopy
Authors: Kathrani A. , Theelen B. , Bond R. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo culture Malassezia and other fungi from the duodenum of dogs with gastrointestinal signs undergoing routine endoscopic examination.Materials and MethodsQuantitative microbial culture was performed on duodenal juice aspirated from dogs with suspected enteropathy during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy; samples were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (30, 32 and 37°C) and modified Dixon agar (32°C) for 14 days. Isolates were identified phenotypically and by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionisation‐time of flight, and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Yeast presence was also evaluated by cytological and histopathological examination of smears and biopsy specimens.ResultsForty‐five dogs were recruited with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (n=38), granulomatous colitis (n=2), gastric adenocarcinoma (n=2), duodenal small cell lymphoma (n=1) and idiopathic severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage (n=2). Fungi were cultured from 14 dogs: Malassezia pachydermatis was isolated from eight [chronic inflammatory enteropathy (n=7) (along with Candida albicans n=1); granulomatous colitis (n=1)] and Malassezia sympodialis from another (gastric adenocarcinoma). Five dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy yielded other yeasts (C. albicans, Candida glabrata, Kazachstania slooffiae, Kazachstania telluris, Pichia kudriavzevii [syn. C. krusei]). Yeasts were never observed in histopathological specimens. Fluorescent microscopical examination of cytological specimens showed yeast in only one case, from which K. slooffiae was subsequently isolated.Clinical SignificanceBased on a literature search, this is the first report of isolation of M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis, K. slooffiae and K. telluris from the canine duodenum. Further studies are needed to determine whether these are resident or transient fungi in the canine duodenum and whether their presence has a pathogenic effect on the host.
The efficacy of weighted blankets for sleep in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder—A randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Lönn Maria , Svedberg Petra , Nygren Jens , Jarbin Håkan , Aili Katarina , Larsson Ingrid 
Published: July 2023

SummaryWeighted blankets are a non‐pharmacological intervention for treating sleep and anxiety problems in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, research on the efficacy of weighted blankets is sparse. The aim of this randomized controlled trial with a crossover design (4 + 4 weeks) was to evaluate the efficacy of weighted blankets on sleep among children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleeping problems. Children diagnosed with uncomplicated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder with verified sleep problems were randomized to start with either a weighted blanket or a lighter control blanket. Data collection was performed at weeks 0, 4 and 8 using actigraphy, questionnaires and a daily sleep diary. T‐tests were used to evaluate efficacy. The study included 94 children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (mean age 9.0 [sd 2.2] years; 54 [57.4%] boys). Weighted blankets had a significant effect on total sleep time (mean diff. 7.72 min, p = 0.027, Cohen's d = 0.24), sleep efficiency (mean diff. 0.82%, p = 0.038, Cohen's d = 0.23) and wake after sleep onset (mean diff. −2.79 min, p = 0.015, Cohen's d = −0.27), but not on sleep‐onset latency (p = 0.432). According to our exploratory subgroup analyses, weighted blankets may be especially beneficial for improving total sleep time in children aged 11–14 years (Cohen's d = 0.53, p = 0.009) and in children with the inattentive attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtype (Cohen's d = 0.58, p = 0.016). Our results suggest that weighted blankets may improve children's sleep and could be used as an alternative to pharmacological sleep interventions.
Retrospective evaluation of the etiology and clinical characteristics of peripheral edema in dogs
Authors: Whelchel Bradley D. , Palerme Jean‐Sebastien , Tou Sandy P. , Ward Jessica L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and clinical characteristics of different etiologies of peripheral edema in dogs are unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of different etiologies of peripheral edema, describe clinical characteristics that vary among etiologies, and report survival times.AnimalsFive hundred twenty‐seven dogs with peripheral edema.MethodsRetrospective medical record review. Differences in clinical variables among etiology groups were assessed by Kruskal‐Wallis testing with post hoc pairwise Dunn's testing and Chi‐square testing with Monte Carlo simulation.ResultsThe most common etiologies of peripheral edema in dogs were vasculitis (n = 193, 37%), lymphatic/venous obstruction (LVO; 114, 22%), and hypoalbuminemia (94, 18%). Right‐sided congestive heart failure (R‐CHF) was uncommon (25, 5%). Edema was localized in 377 (72%) dogs and generalized in 142 (27%) dogs, and hypoalbuminemia was more likely to cause generalized edema compared to LVO or vasculitis (P < .0001). Concurrent abdominal effusion (155, 29%) was more common than pleural (77, 15%) or pericardial (12, 2%) effusion. Abdominal and pleural effusion occurred more commonly in dogs with hypoalbuminemia or R‐CHF compared to LVO or vasculitis (P < .0001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDistribution of edema, concurrent cavitary effusions, and clinicopathological data can help predict the underlying etiology of peripheral edema in dogs.
A machine learning model for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Lee Hye Won , Kim Hwiyoung , Park Taeyun , Park Soo Young , Chon Young Eun , Seo Yeon Seok , Lee Jae Seung , park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Beom Kyung , Kim Seung Up 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMachine learning (ML) algorithms can be used to overcome the prognostic performance limitations of conventional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk models. We established and validated an ML‐based HCC predictive model optimized for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infections receiving antiviral therapy (AVT).MethodsTreatment‐naïve CHB patients who were started entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) were enrolled. We used a training cohort (n = 960) to develop a novel ML model that predicted HCC development within 5 years and validated the model using an independent external cohort (n = 1937). ML algorithms consider all potential interactions and do not use predefined hypotheses.ResultsThe mean age of the patients in the training cohort was 48 years, and most patients (68.9%) were men. During the median 59.3 (interquartile range 45.8–72.3) months of follow‐up, 69 (7.2%) patients developed HCC. Our ML‐based HCC risk prediction model had an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.900, which was better than the AUCs of CAMD (0.778) and REAL B (0.772) (both p < .05). The better performance of our model was maintained (AUC = 0.872 vs. 0.788 for CAMD and 0.801 for REAL B) in the validation cohort. Using cut‐off probabilities of 0.3 and 0.5, the cumulative incidence of HCC development differed significantly among the three risk groups (p < .001).ConclusionsOur new ML model performed better than models in terms of predicting the risk of HCC development in CHB patients receiving AVT.
The transcription regulatorChpAaffects the global transcriptome including quorum sensing‐dependent genes inRalstonia pseudosolanacearumstrainOE1‐1
Authors: Takemura Chika , Senuma Wakana , Tsuzuki Masayuki , Terazawa Yuki , Inoue Kanako , Sato Masanao , Kiba Akinori , Ohnishi Kouhei , Kai Kenji , Hikichi Yasufumi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe gram‐negative plant‐pathogenic β‐proteobacteriumRalstonia pseudosolanacearumstrain OE1‐1 produces methyl 3‐hydroxymyristate as a quorum sensing (QS) signal through methyltransferase PhcB and senses the chemical via the sensor histidine kinase PhcS. This leads to activation of the LysR family transcription regulator PhcA, which regulates the genes (QS‐dependent genes) responsible for QS‐dependent phenotypes, including virulence. The transcription regulator ChpA, which possesses a response regulator receiver domain and also a hybrid sensor histidine kinase/response regulator phosphore‐acceptor domain but lacks a DNA‐binding domain, is reportedly involved in QS‐dependent biofilm formation and virulence ofR. pseudosolanacearumstrain GMI1000. To explore the function of ChpA in QS of OE1‐1, we generated achpA‐deletion mutant (ΔchpA) and revealed that thechpAdeletion leads to significantly altered QS‐dependent phenotypes. Furthermore, ΔchpAexhibited a loss in its infectivity in xylem vessels of tomato plant roots, losing virulence on tomato plants, similar to thephcA‐deletion mutant (ΔphcA). Transcriptome analysis showed that the transcript levels ofphcB,phcQ,phcR, andphcAin ΔchpAwere comparable to those in OE1‐1. However, the transcript levels of 89.9% and 88.9% of positively and negatively QS‐dependent genes, respectively, were significantly altered in ΔchpAcompared with OE1‐1. Furthermore, the transcript levels of these genes in ΔchpAwere positively correlated with those in ΔphcA. Together, our results suggest that ChpA is involved in the regulation of these QS‐dependent genes, thereby contributing to the behaviour in host plant roots and virulence of OE1‐1.
An Ustilaginoidea virens glycoside hydrolase 42 protein is an essential virulence factor and elicits plant immunity as a PAMP
Authors: Zou Jiaying , Jiang Chunquan , Qiu Shanshan , Duan Guohua , Wang Guanqun , Li Dayong , Yu Siwen , Zhao Dan , Sun Wenxian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRice false smut, caused by the ascomycete fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, which infects rice florets before heading, severely threatens rice grain yield and quality worldwide. The U. virens genome encodes a number of glycoside hydrolase (GH) proteins. So far, the functions of these GHs in U. virens are largely unknown. In this study, we identified a GH42 protein secreted by U. virens, named UvGHF1, that exhibits β‐galactosidase activity. UvGHF1 not only functions as an essential virulence factor during U. virens infection, but also serves as a pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in Nicotiana benthamiana and rice. The PAMP activity of UvGHF1 is independent of its β‐galactosidase activity. Moreover, UvGHF1 triggers cell death in N. benthamiana in a BAK1‐dependent manner. Ectopic expression of UvGHF1 in rice induces pattern‐triggered immunity and enhances rice resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that UvGHF1 expression in rice not only activates expression of many defence‐related genes encoding leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinases and WRKY and ERF transcription factors, but also induces diterpenoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Therefore, UvGHF1 contributes to U. virens virulence, but is also recognized by the rice surveillance system to trigger plant immunity.