bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring adequacy of the midwifery workforce using standards of competency and scope of work: Exploring the density and distribution of midwives in three low- and middle-income countries using cross-sectional and geospatial data
Authors: Gausman Jewel , Ramesh Sowmya , Adanu Richard M. , Bandoh Delia A. B. , Blossom Jeff , Chakraborty Suchandrima , Kenu Ernest , Khan Nizamuddin , Langer Ana , Odikro Magdalene A. , Saggurti Niranjan , Jolivet R. Rima 
Published: April 2023

Background
A global midwifery shortage hampers the goal of ending preventable maternal/newborn mortality and stillbirths. Whether current measures of midwifery workforce adequacy are valid is unknown. We compare two measures of density and distribution of midwifery professionals to assess their consistency, and explore how incorporating midwifery scope, competency, and the adjusting reference population impacts this critical metric.

Methods and findings
We collected a census of midwives employed in eligible facilities in our study settings, (422 in Ghana; 909 in India), assessed the number practicing within the scope of work for midwifery professionals defined in the International Labor Organization International Standard Classification of Occupations, and whether they reported possessing the ICM essential competencies for basic midwifery practice. We altered the numerator, iteratively narrowing it from a simple count to include data on scope of practice and competency and reported changes in value. We altered the denominator by calculating the number of midwives per 10,000 total population, women of reproductive age, pregnancies, and births and explored variation in the indicator. Across four districts in Ghana, density of midwives decreased from 8.59/10,000 total population when counting midwives from facility staffing rosters to 1.30/10,000 total population when including only fully competent midwives by the ICM standard. In India, no midwives met the standard, thus the midwifery density of 1.37/10,000 total population from staffing rosters reduced to 0.00 considering competency. Changing the denominator to births vastly altered subnational measures, ranging from ~1700% change in Tolon to ~8700% in Thiruvallur.

Conclusion
Our study shows that varying underlying parameters significantly affects the value of the estimate. Factoring in competency greatly impacts the effective coverage of midwifery professionals. Disproportionate differences were noted when need was estimated based on total population versus births. Future research should compare various estimates of midwifery density to health system process and outcome measures.
A three years antimicrobials consumption in Ethiopia from 2017 to 2019: A cross- sectional study
Authors: Tirfe Million , Alemu Asnakech , Alemu Wondie , Woldearegay Mengistab , Asfaw Getachew , Gerba Heran , Kadi Duru , Fentie Atalay Mulu 
Published: April 2023

Background
The widespread use and misuse of antimicrobials are the major driving factor for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) that threatens the health of human beings globally. Thus, monitoring antimicrobial consumption at national level is crucial to prevent and contain AMR. Nevertheless, there is no well-established system for recording and reporting of antimicrobial consumption in Ethiopia. Hence, the national antimicrobial consumption survey was conducted to generate evidence for decision-making on the appropriate use of antimicrobials in Ethiopia and tackle AMR.

Methods
All imported and locally manufactured antimicrobials from 2017 to 2019 were from the Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority and local manufacturers database, respectively. Data were collected and analyzed descriptively in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) and defined daily doses (DDD) classification and methodology.

Results
The average DDD/1,000 inhabitants for all antimicrobials was 15.36. The DDD/1,000 inhabitants fell down sharply from 37.03 in 2017 to 4.30 in 2018, before slightly rising to 4.75 in 2019. The majority of the consumed antimicrobials were comprised of oral antimicrobials (98.6%), while parenteral antimicrobials made up 1.4%. Tetracyclines (35.81%), fluoroquinolones (20.19%), macrolides (13.92%), antiretrovirals (10.57%), and cephalosporins (9.63%) were the most frequently consumed classes of antimicrobials during the three years period. About 75.83% of the consumed antimicrobials fall under the WHO AWaRe classification and 67.87% of antimicrobial consumption was from the WHO Access class medications, with Watch and Reserve classes accounting for 32.13% and <1%, respectively. Similarly, about 86.90% of the antimicrobials fall under the Ethiopian AWaRe classification, with Access, Watch, and Reserve accounting for 87.73%, 12.26%, and <1%, respectively.

Conclusion
Due to the peculiarities of our settings, our findings may have some similarities and differences with similar studies from other countries. Hence, we recommend for all concerned bodies to work collaboratively to improve monitoring of antimicrobial consumption at different levels of the Ethiopian healthcare tier system. Future work is necessary to establish a strong system of reporting of antimicrobial consumption patterns in Ethiopia.
A longitudinal seroepidemiology study to evaluate antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and vaccination in children in Calgary, Canada from July 2020 to April 2022: Alberta COVID-19 Childhood Cohort (AB3C) Study
Authors: Doucette Emily J. , Gray Joslyn , Fonseca Kevin , Charlton Carmen , Kanji Jamil N. , Tipples Graham , Kuhn Susan , Dunn Jessica , Sayers Payton , Symonds Nicola , Wu Guosong , Freedman Stephen B. , Kellner James D. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity is important to accurately understand exposure to infection and/or vaccination in specific populations. This study aimed to estimate the serologic response to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and vaccination in children in Calgary, Alberta over a two-year period.

Methods
Children with or without prior SARS-CoV-2 infections, were enrolled in Calgary, Canada in 2020. Venous blood was sampled 4 times from July 2020 to April 2022 for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike antibodies. Demographic and clinical information was obtained including SARS-CoV-2 testing results and vaccination records.

Results
1035 children were enrolled and 88.9% completed all 4 visits; median age 9 years (IQR: 5,13); 519 (50.1%) female; and 815 (78.7%) Caucasian. Before enrolment, 118 (11.4%) had confirmed or probable SARS-CoV-2. By April 2022, 39.5% of previously uninfected participants had a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nucleocapsid antibody seropositivity declined to 16.4% of all infected children after more than 200 days post diagnosis. Spike antibodies remained elevated in 93.6% of unvaccinated infected children after more than 200 days post diagnosis. By April 2022, 408 (95.6%) children 12 years and older had received 2 or more vaccine doses, and 241 (61.6%) 5 to 11 year-old children had received 2 vaccine doses. At that time, all 685 vaccinated children had spike antibodies, compared with 94/176 (53.4%) of unvaccinated children.

Conclusions
In our population, after the first peak of Omicron variant infections and introduction of COVID-19 vaccines for children, all vaccinated children, but just over one-half of unvaccinated children, had SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies indicating infection and/or vaccination, highlighting the benefit of vaccination. It is not yet known whether a high proportion of seropositivity at the present time predicts sustained population-level protection against future SARS-CoV-2 transmission, infection or severe COVID-19 outcomes in children.
The high burden of comorbidities in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians living with chronic hepatitis B in Far North Queensland, Australia, and the implications for patient management
Authors: Riddell Jordan , Hempenstall Allison , Nakata Yoko , Gregson Sandra , Hayes Richard , Smith Simon , Coates Marlow , Charlie Lizzie , Perrett Christine , Newie Victoria , Newie Tomi , Radlof Sharna , Hanson Josh 
Published: April 2023

Background
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have a significant burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of comorbidities that increase the risk of HCC in this population is incompletely defined.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed in remote tropical Queensland, Australia in January 2021. All individuals living with chronic HBV in the region were identified; the prevalence of relevant comorbidities was determined by reviewing medical records.

Results
All 236 individuals in the cohort identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians; their median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 48 (40–62) years; 120/236 (50.9%) were female. Of the 194/236 (82.2%) engaged in HBV care, 61 (31.4%) met criteria for HBV therapy and 38 (62.2%) were receiving it. However, 142/236 (60.2%) were obese, 73/236 (30.9%) were current smokers and 57/236 (24.2%) were drinking alcohol hazardously; 70/236 (29.7%) had ≥2 of these additional risk factors for HCC, only 43/236 (18.2%) had none. Among the 19 patients with confirmed cirrhosis, 9 (47%) were obese, 8 (42%) were currently—or had a history of—drinking alcohol hazardously and 5 (26.3%) were current smokers. Patients also had a median (IQR) of 3 (2–4) cardiovascular risk factors (cigarette smoking, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidaemia, renal impairment/proteinuria). Only 9/236 (3.8%) did not have one of these 5 comorbidities.

Conclusions
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians living with chronic HBV in this region of remote Australia have a high engagement with HBV care and the majority of individuals eligible for antiviral therapy are receiving it. However, a significant comorbidity burden increases their risk of cirrhosis, HCC, and premature death. It is essential to integrate chronic HBV care with management of these comorbidities—rather than focusing on HBV alone—to achieve optimal health outcomes.
Personal and relational changes following deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: A prospective qualitative study with patients and caregivers
Authors: Thomson Cassandra J. , Segrave Rebecca A. , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Richardson Karyn E. , Racine Eric , Carter Adrian 
Published: April 2023

Objective
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) and whether it alters patient personality is a much-debated topic within academic literature, yet rarely explored with those directly involved. This study qualitatively examined how DBS for treatment-resistant depression impacts patient personality, self-concept, and relationships from the perspectives of both patients and caregivers.

Methods
A prospective qualitative design was used. Eleven participants were included (six patients, five caregivers). Patients were enrolled in a clinical trial of DBS of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants before DBS-implantation and 9-months after stimulation-initiation. The 21 interviews were thematically analysed.

Results
Three primary themes were identified: (a) impact of mental illness and treatment on self-concept; (b) device acceptability and usability, and (c) relationships and connection. Severe refractory depression had profoundly impacted who patients were, how they viewed themselves, and the quality and functioning of their relationships. Patients who benefited from DBS felt reconnected with their premorbid self, yet still far from their ideal self. While reductions in depression were broadly beneficial for relationships, the process of adjusting relationship dynamics created new challenges. All patients reported recharging difficulties and challenges adapting to the device.

Conclusions
Therapeutic response to DBS is a gradual and complex process that involves an evolving self-concept, adjusting relationship dynamics, and growing connection between body and device. This is the first study to provide in-depth insight into the lived experience of DBS for treatment-resistant depression. Patient and caregiver narrative accounts should be routinely collected to guide more person-centred DBS clinical interventions.
Functional impact of cardiac implanted devices on ipsilateral shoulder range of motion, scapular mobility, and self-reported quality of life
Authors: Cosgun Cansu , Cosgun Muharrem Said , Buyukturan Oznur , Buyukturan Buket 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Shoulder disorders may occur for procedural reasons in patients fitted with a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED). This study aimed to examine the effects of CIED implantation on shoulder functions and scapular dyskinesis.

Materials and methods
Thirty patients fitted with a CIED formed the study group (SG), whilst 30 participants without a CIED formed the control group (CG). The range of motion (ROM), grip strength, lateral scapular slide test (static), scapular dyskinesis test (dynamic), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Shoulder Score, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (Physical and Mental Component Summary [PCS and MCS]) were applied in the study.

Results
The shoulder’s mean flexion and abduction ROM on the implant side were found to be significantly lower in the SG than the CG (p = .016 and p = .001, respectively). Similarly, a significant grip strength loss on the implant side was detected in the SG than in the CG (p = .036). Static and dynamic scapular dyskinesis frequencies were shown to be significantly higher in the SG than in the CG (p = .002 and p< .001, respectively). The ASES Shoulder Score and PCS score were significantly lower in the SG than in the CG (p = .014 and p = .007, respectively). However, no difference was revealed between the two groups with respect to the contralateral upper limb.

Conclusion
The frequency of scapular dyskinesis and disability was higher, and upper limb functions, grip strength, and physical subdivision of quality of life decreased in CIED recipients. These findings suggest that such parameters should be included in physiotherapy assessment and treatment programs.
Estimates of short sleep duration among US rural and urban women with prediabetes
Authors: Tran Phoebe , Shelton Brittany , Tran Liem 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundShort sleep duration (SSD) (<7 hours/night) is linked with increased risk of prediabetes to diabetes progression. Despite a high diabetes burden in US rural women, existing research does not provide SSD estimates for this population.MethodsWe used national Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys to conduct a cross-sectional study examining SSD estimates for US women with prediabetes by rural/urban residence between 2016–2020. We applied logistic regression models to the BRFSS dataset to ascertain associations between rural/urban residence status and SSD prior to and following adjustment for sociodemographic factors (age, race, education, income, health care coverage, having a personal doctor).ResultsOur study included 20,997 women with prediabetes (33.7% rural). SSD prevalence was similar between rural (35.5%, 95% CI: 33.0%-38.0%) and urban women (35.4%, 95% CI: 33.7%-37.1). Rural residence was not associated with SSD among US women with prediabetes prior to adjustment (Odds Ratio: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.87–1.14) or following adjustment for sociodemographic factors (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.92–1.22). Among women with prediabetes, irrespective of rural/urban residence status, being Black, aged <65 years, and earning <$50,000 was linked with significantly higher odds of having SSD.ConclusionsDespite the finding that SSD estimates among women with prediabetes did not vary by rural/urban residence status, 35% of rural women with prediabetes had SSD. Efforts to reduce diabetes burden in rural areas may benefit from incorporating strategies to improve sleep duration along with other known diabetes risk factors among rural women with prediabetes from certain sociodemographic backgrounds.
Queering Drag: Redefining the Discourse of Gender-Bending, Meredith Heller (2020)
Authors: Zitzelsberger Florian 
Published: April 2023

Review of: Queering Drag: Redefining the Discourse of Gender-Bending, Meredith Heller (2020)
Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 233 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35008-294-6, h/bk, $85.00
ISBN 978-0-25304-565-2, p/bk, $25.00
ISBN 978-0-25304-567-6, e-book, $12.99
Proton Pump Inhibitors Increase the Risk of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug-Related Small-Bowel Injury: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xian , Xiao Xue , Chen Ping-Run , Li Yi-Na , Lv Xiu-He , Yang Jin-Lin 
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Conflicting results exist on the association between proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-related small-bowel damage. The aim of this study was to determine whether PPIs increased the risk of NSAID-related small-bowel damage by meta-analysis.

METHODS:
A systematic electronic search in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted from the time the database was created until March 31, 2022, for studies reporting associations between PPI use and outcomes, including the endoscopy-verified prevalence of small-bowel injury, mean number of small-bowel injuries per patient, change in hemoglobin level, and risk of small-bowel bleeding in subjects taking NSAIDs. Meta-analytical calculations for odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) were performed with the random-effects model and interpreted with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS:
Fourteen studies comprising 1996 subjects were included. Pooled analysis demonstrated that concomitant use of PPIs significantly increased the prevalence and number of endoscopy-verified small-bowel injuries (prevalence: OR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.74–5.16; number: MD = 2.30; 95% CI: 0.61–3.99) and decreased hemoglobin levels (MD = −0.50 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.88 to −0.12) in NSAID users but did not change the risk of small-bowel bleeding (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.80–1.92). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that PPIs significantly increased the prevalence of small-bowel injury in subjects taking nonselective NSAIDs (OR = 7.05; 95% CI: 4.70–10.59, 4 studies, I2 = 0) and COX-2 inhibitors (OR = 4.00; 95% CI: 1.18–13.60, 1 study, no calculated I2) when compared with COX-2 inhibitors alone.

DISCUSSION:
PPIs increased the risk of NSAID-related small-bowel damage, and the clinical significance of higher prevalence of small-bowel injuries should be studied in the future.
Activating Transnational Advocacy Networks: Ida B. Wells and Mainstreaming Antilynching
Authors: Dudney Deeb Anna Miriam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Antilynching activists in the United States have agitated to establish criminal civil rights violations for lynching for more than a century. Ida B. Wells, a renowned antilynching activist, tapped into and expanded upon existing transnational advocacy networks to mainstream antilynching rhetorics across borders in the late nineteenth century. This essay analyzes Wells's dispatches to the Chicago Daily Inter-Ocean during her 1894 transatlantic antilynching tour. I argue that Wells provides an example of how rhetors can mainstream social justice issues through transnational advocacy networks by refuting and recirculating key arguments, which in turn amplifies them to exert pressure on potential change agents. As activists work to stem modern-day violence that persists with frightening similarities to the lynching violence of the 1890s, Wells's strategy of amplification provides further insight into transnational rhetorical movement and efforts to mainstream social justice issues across borders.
Was bleibt von der „Institution“ Bibliothek im Jahre 2040?
Authors: Ball Rafael 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Selbstverständnis, Rolle und organisatorischer Status von Bibliotheken haben sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten maßgeblich verändert. War vor allem die wissenschaftliche Bibliothek einst eine feststehende und unabhängige Institution in der Akademie, die sich mitunter durch ihre funktionalen Aufgaben begründete, so haben diverse externe Faktoren wie interne Anpassungen, etwa die Transformation des Publikationssystems oder der bewusste Schwenk zum Dienstleister, einen deutlichen Wandel herbeigeführt, der sich auch bis ins Jahr 2040 und darüber hinaus fortsetzen wird. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf, dass bereits heute die Weichen dafür gestellt werden, in welche Richtung sich die Bibliothek in Zukunft weiter wandeln wird. Ob sie künftig als Institution (wieder) mehr sein wird als nur die Summe ihrer einzelnen Angebote und Dienstleistungen, kann hingegen nicht beantwortet werden.
Misstrauen, Perfektionismus und die dunkle Seite der Sinnhaftigkeit: Drei Hemmschuhe für „New Work“ in Bibliotheken
Authors: Christensen Anne 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag setzt sich vor dem Hintergrund eigener Erfahrungen als Führungskraft mit den Herausforderungen auseinander, die im Umfeld wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken bei der Etablierung von New-Work-Modellen erwartet werden. Es werden verschiedene Elemente von bibliothekarischer Arbeitskultur und bibliothekarischem Selbstverständnis aufgezeigt, die eine nachhaltige Implementierung von New Work nach Meinung der Autorin derzeit noch behindern. Der Beitrag schließt mit zehn Thesen, die eine Utopie der Bibliothek 2040 beschreiben.
Öffentliche Bibliothek 2040. Aspekte eines Zukunftsorts
Authors: Schwering Stephan 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Gelingen kann eine Zukunftsvermutung für die Öffentliche Bibliothek 2040 nur, wenn man sich auf die Stärken der Öffentlichen Bibliothek selbst konzentriert, dann können Aspekte einer Vision für eine Bibliothek der Zukunft im Jahr 2040 nur eine Utopie sein.
Wenn wir davon ausgehen, dass Öffentliche Bibliotheken sich an den aktuellen Lebenswirklichkeiten der Menschen orientieren wollen und dies das Wesen einer Bibliothek im Jahr 2040 ausmachen wird, muss sie das auch in den Mittelpunkt ihres Handelns stellen. Dies geht in erster Linie durch Partizipation der Bürgerinnen und Bürger.
Die Öffentliche Bibliothek der Zukunft ist eine partizipative Bibliothek der Bürgerinnen und Bürger, die das „real life“ mit virtuellen Welten verbindet und ihre Stärke daraus zieht, einen analogen Ort mit dem Metaverse verbinden zu können.
Denkräume. Ein Essay über die Bibliotheken der Zukunft
Authors: Schlotheuber Eva 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Bibliotheken sind weit mehr als bloße Wissensspeicher: Sie sind ein sowohl haptisch erfahrbarer als stets auch imaginierter Wissenskosmos. Sie sind Denkräume, die uns eine generationenübergreifende Verständigung über grundlegende Fragen des Menschseins, der Umwelt und des Kosmos ermöglichen. Das interne Funktionieren dieses Gedächtnisses der Gesellschaft beruht auf teilweise jahrhundertelang geprüften Techniken wie Signatur- und Findsystemen, der Entwicklung von Sammlungsparametern, Ausleihvermerken oder generell der Ordnung von Wissen im Raum, also der sinnvollen Einteilung in Sachgruppen. Wenn wir den tiefgreifenden Wandel unserer Wissenskultur verstehen wollen, der sich mit der Digitalisierung seit Jahren langsam aber unaufhaltsam vollzieht, lohnt es sich, für eine Vision der Bibliothek der Zukunft einen Blick auf ihre Geschichte und traditionellen Funktionen zu werfen: als Gedächtnisspeicher, als rahmenbietende und von Fachdiskursen weitgehend unabhängige Wissensorganisation und -ordnung und als Denk- und Reflexionsraum unserer Gesellschaft.