bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital hypothyroidism in Bogotá, Colombia: a current description (2015–2021)
Authors: Pineda-Sanabria Pablo , Portilla-Rojas Esteban , León-Sanabria María Camila , Beltrán-Barriga Daniela-Sofía , Salazar-Reviakina Alexander , Urueña Serrano Ana María , Sarmiento Karen , Zarante Ignacio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a decrease in thyroid hormone function in newborns, being one of the leading causes of neurological deficits and long-term metabolic complications. This study aims to determine the prevalence and characteristics of CH cases in Bogotá, Colombia, between 2015 and 2021, as notified through the mandatory report to the Public Health Surveillance System (PHSS).

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. All live births (LB) with a weight ≥500 g, diagnosed with CH with or without goiter (ICD-10 codes E030 and E031, respectively) in Bogotá during 2015–2021 were analyzed.

Results
For a total of 201 cases, the prevalence rate was 3.29 cases per 10,000 LB. 92.54 % were classified as isolated cases of CH, 4.48 % syndromic, and 2.98 % polymalformated. A total of 16.92 % was small for gestational age. The mean gestational age was 37.38 weeks (SD 2.76), 26.87 % were preterm births. Among the mothers, 8.96 % suffered from pregnancy-related or chronic diseases, the most common being hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and pre-existant hypothyroidism (without clarity concerning etiology). A total of 66.67 % of cases did not receive treatment after diagnosis. Treatment was established by an average age of 27 days after birth (SD 36.02) and 17 days after case notification to the PHSS (SD 36.13).

Conclusions
Observed prevalence is similar to the rate reported by health authorities in Colombia but inferior to reports from high-income countries, highlighting the importance of improvements in the Colombian LB’s screening program. Time to diagnosis and treatment was observed to be prolonged, suggesting that new pathways are required for timely CH treatment.
Siria: el largo camino hacia la revolución
Authors: Ruiz de Elvira Laura 
Published: July 2023

El invierno del año 2011 ha sido testigo del inicio de diversas revoluciones, revueltas y protestas de gran magnitud en numerosos países árabes. En este contexto de revuelta generalizada, Siria parecía emerger en un primer momento como la gran excepción regional. En efecto, a diferencia de lo acaecido en el resto de países árabes, hasta mediados del mes de Marzo los vientos de revuelta no soplarían con suficiente fuerza en este país. En este marco, el objetivo que motiva este breve artículo es el de entender por qué el pueblo sirio ha tardado casi tres meses en movilizarse contra su régimen y por qué, finalmente, se ha rebelado. AbstractThe winter of the year 2011 has witnessed the beginning of several revolutions, revolts and protests of great importance in many Arab countries. In this context of widespread revolt, Syria seemed to appear in the first moment as the main regional exception. Actually, in contrast with what was happening in the rest of the Arab countries, Syria wouldn’t be affected by the revolutionary winds until the middle of March. In this framework, the aim of this article is to understand why the Syrian people have taken almost three months to mobilize against the baathist regime and why they have finally revolted.
Impact of Organic Nutrient Management Practices on Growth Dynamics and Economics of Short-duration Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.)
Authors: Aravind S. Ashokh , Somasundaram E. , Sanbagavalli S. , Kavitha P.S. , Venkatachalam S.R. , Sunitha R. 
Published: July 2023

Background: A series of field experiments were conducted at the Tapioca and Castor Research Station (TCRS), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Yethapur, Salem from 2022 to 2023. The purpose was to investigate the growth dynamics and economics of short-duration cassava under different nutrient management practices including both integrated and organic approaches. Methods: Twelve treatments were carried out consisting of various combinations of organic manures, liquid organic foliar sprays, integrated nutrient management treatments and a control treatment (no manures/fertilizers/sprays). The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications at the same location. Results: The results revealed that the different nutrient management practices had a significant impact on the physiological response throughout the various stages of plant growth. Based on the average data from two experiments, the INM treatment (FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + 100% recommended dose of fertilizers and cassava booster spray) showed the highest physiological response during the final phase of growth. This treatment showed superior performance in terms of leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), tuber bulking rate (TBR) and mean TBR. The organic treatment (wood ash @ 2 t ha-1 and 3% panchagavya foliar spray) recorded comparable performance to the INM treatment in major parameters such as LAI, CGR, RGR and NAR. However, it followed the INM treatment in terms of mean TBR. Economic analysis revealed that the INM treatment yielded the highest net income and benefit-cost ratio (BCR), followed by the organic treatment. The control resulted in the least returns. In conclusion, the findings highlight the effectiveness of the INM treatment and the promising performance of the organic treatment which can contribute to sustainable and profitable cassava cultivation.
A self-reported Brazilian registry of spinal muscular atrophy: data from natural history, genetic characteristics, and multidisciplinary care
Authors: Mendonca Rodrigo Holanda , de Godoi Juliane Suellen Arndt , Zanoteli Edmar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene. This study is intended to describe the key demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics, and natural history data of patients with SMA registered through a self-reported survey by patients or their parents.
Results. By January 2022, 706 patients with 5q SMA had completed the questionnaire and had confirmatory molecular testing. Most patients reported having type 1 SMA (42%); 33% had type 2 SMA, and 23% had type 3 SMA. Six hundred sixty-seven patients (94.4%) had a homozygous SMN1-exon 7 deletion. One hundred thirty-one (18.6%) patients had a previous family history, and the familial recurrence rate was higher in patients with type 3 SMA, at 25.6%. The consanguinity rate was 5.2% in the studied population. Type 1 patients had a mean age of 3 months at the onset of symptoms and a delay of more than 3 months until genetic diagnosis. The median survival of patients with type 1 SMA without invasive ventilation was 27 months. Before 2018, the median age at the endpoint was 16 months, and after 2018, most patients (71%) were not submitted to invasive ventilation. About 50% of patients with type 3 SMA lost their walking ability by 37 years of age. Three hundred eighty-four (54.4%) patients claimed to have had access to some disease-modifying therapy, and 62.3% of type 1 patients were in treatment, while only 47.2% of type 2 SMA patients and 31.9% of type 3 SMA patients were in treatment.
Conclusions. This is the first Brazilian registry of SMA and evidenced the accuracy and reliability of patient-reported data compared to previous studies. There is still a substantial diagnostic delay, especially in those patients with types 2 and 3 SMA. However, the study demonstrated prolonged survival, especially in type 1 patients.
A Study on the Heterogeneity of Social Engagement among Older Adults: An Empirical Analysis based on the 2018 CLASS Data
Authors: Liu Yan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Social participation, as an important part of actively responding to population aging, plays a key role in promoting the utilization of the elderly population dividend in the context of China's longevity society. This article addresses the flaw in social participation research that ignores the heterogeneity of social participation and explores the heterogeneity of social participation among older people from the perspective of socioeconomic status.
Methods
Using latent class analysis to generate a comprehensive index of socioeconomic status, and employing multilevel linear models to examine the differences in social participation outcomes among different socioeconomic status groups.
Results
The results show that the higher the socioeconomic status of the elderly group, the higher their level of social participation. The improvement of the socioeconomic level in the region has a significant positive effect on the social participation of the elderly group with lower socioeconomic status.
Conclusions
Therefore, this article reveals the heterogeneity of social participation among older people in terms of socioeconomic dimensions, highlighting the need for policy intervention to further improve the regional socioeconomic development level to promote the social participation of older people and advance social participation research.
Haemonchus contortus HcL6 promoted goat Th9 immune response by activation STAT6/PU.1/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Liang Meng , Zhang Yang , Wang Mingyue , Wen Zhaohai , Chen Cheng , Bu Yongqian , Lu Mingmin , Song Xiaokai , Xu Lixin , Li Xiangrui , Yan RuoFeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Th9 cells have been shown to play a crucial role in parasite immunity. The development of Th9 cells is facilitated by several cytokines. The key transcription factors, such as STAT6, STAT5, and PU.1, are known to enhance IL-9 expression within the Th9 immune response. NF-κB mediated transduction pathways participate in the induction of IL-9. In a previous study, we unveiled a unique ribosomal protein derived from Haemonchus contortus excretory-secretory proteins (HcESPs) that interact with host Th9 cells. In the present study, the influence of the Haemonchus contortus ribosomal protein L6 domain DE containing protein (HcL6) on IL-9 secretion, Th9 differentiation, and IL-9 transcription was assessed employing ELISA, flow cytometry, and qPCR methodologies. The observations revealed a transcriptional upregulation of several key genes within the Th9 immune response pathway. Moreover, the silencing of STAT6, PU.1, and NF-κB was found to attenuate the Th9 immune response. In this study, we unveiled the Th9 immune response-inducing capabilities of HcL6 and elucidated some of its underlying mechanisms. These findings suggest that HcL6 is an immunostimulatory antigen capable of inducing the Th9 immune response. These insights could prove instrumental in identifying potential candidate antigens for the development of immunoprophylactic strategies against H. contortus infections.
Aortic valve Replacement compared to Transcatheter Implant and its relationship with COgnitive Impairment (ARTICO) evaluated with neuropsychological and advanced neuroimaging: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Gomis Meritxell , Fernández Claudio , Dacosta Rosalia , Carrillo Xavi , Martínez Silvia , Guijosa Christian Muñoz , Berastegui Elisabet , Valentín Antonio Garcia , Puig Josep , Bernal Eva , Ramos Anna , Cáceres Cynthia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Aortic stenosis is the most common valvulopathy in Western countries. The treatment of choice had been surgery aortic valve replacement (SAVR), but the improvement in endovascular approaches as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), initially reserved for patients with very high surgical risk, has been extended to high and intermediate, and recently also to low-risk patients. Stroke and vascular cognitive impairment are the most important complications. It is not entirely clear which technique is best to avoid these complications as well as their impact. Our goal is to evaluate changes in cognitive performance in the early (1-month) and late (1-year) postoperative period in patients undergoing SAVR or TAVI, by extensive neuropsychological study (NRP) and advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Specifically, to compare early and late cognitive changes after the intervention between both groups, the occurrence of stroke during follow-up and to compare the appearance of silent vascular lesions and changes in brain activity and functional connectivity with MRI and functional MRI respectively during follow-up between both groups.
Methods/Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study. A non-selected representative sample of 80 subjects, 40 SAVR and 40 TAVI to obtain a final sample of 36 eligible subjects in each group, ranging from 70 to 85 years old, with indication for aortic replacement and intermediate or high surgical risk will be study. At baseline, within one month before the treatment, all individuals will undergo an extensive NRP and advanced MRI study. These studies will also be performed 1-month and 1-year after treatment, to assess the appearance of new vascular lesions, as well as changes in cognitive performance with respect to baseline.
Discussion: This study aims to evaluate changes in cognitive performance as well as both clinical and silent vascular events occurring in the early (1-month) and late (1-year) period after SAVR and TAVI. We will also analyze the correlation between neuropsychological and neuroimaging approaches in order to evaluate cognition. Therefore, it may provide high-quality data of cognitive changes and vascular events for both techniques, and be useful to tailor interventions to individual characteristics and ultimately aiding in decision-making.
Trial registration
This study is register in Clinicaltrials.gov with the number (NCT05235529) on 11th February 2022.
Bacterial Fermentation for Protease Production in Fermenters: Impact of Oxygen Transfer Characteristics and Rheological Features on Scale up Process
Authors: Sriniva Sivasubramanian , Paulraj Maheswari , Velladurai Selvakumar , Govindan Karthikeyan , Puvanakrishnan Rengarajulu , Esackimuthu Paramasivam , Dhandapani Prabu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Development of microbial fermentation and scale up processes for the production of value added metabolites including enzymes derives importance in industrial research. Though there are numerous studies on the production of industrial enzymes especially proteases using shake flasks, scale up studies with respect to mass transfer and hydrodynamics of fermentation in bioreactors are limited. The study deals with the production and scale up of an extracellular alkaline protease using Bacillus sp. S2 MTCC 13117 from shake flask level to 300 L fermenter. Glucose, DO, and pH profiles during scale up were studied in detail. Scale up parameters related to oxygen dynamics such as oxygen uptake rate (OUR), oxygen transfer rate (OTR), specific OUR and volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) were evaluated. Results showed that yield coefficients with respect to biomass, product and substrate were reproduced at different levels of protease scale up in the batch mode of fermentation. Protease production was subjected to catabolite repression and it was shown to be derepressed at low specific growth rates. It was observed that the bioprocess of protease production was an aerobic one and was highly influenced by hydrodynamic conditions in the bioreactors. Use of bioreactor systems enabled effective oxygen transfer and the duration for achieving optimal protease production was reached earlier (t = 36 h in 19 L and t = 24 h in 300 L) when compared to shake flask experiments (t = 44 h). Besides, improvement in the productivity of the fermentation was substantiated by several other scale up parameters such as aeration rate, impeller tip speed, gas hold up and superficial gas velocity for effective mixing and rheological properties of the broth during fermentation in 19 and 300 L fermenters.
Neural-network Distributed Event-triggered Consensus Tracking Control for High-Order Nonlinear Strict-Feedback Multiagent Systems
Authors: Su Xiaohang , philip. Chen , Jiehao Li , Xianxian Zeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The problem of communication constraints for multiagent systems has attracted considerable attention, but there still lacks the result to solve communication constraints between neighbor agents. This significant and practical issue shall be addressed by establishing event-triggered mechanisms between neighbor agents, such that neighbor information can be transmitted only when the preset events are activated. Subsequently, this paper proposes a novel consensus control strategy for nonlinear strict-feedback multiagent systems carrying with triggered mechanisms and uncertain functions. These uncertainties are going to be handled by using radial basis function neural network, whose unknown weight vector can be estimated by only one required adaptive law. The stability of the control algorithm is strictly proved by Lyapunov functional theory, while the boundedness of all the closed-loop signals are guaranteed and the consensus errors are ensured to be exponentially converged to an adjustable domain. Simulation studies eventually present the effectiveness of this method.
Composite Based on Babassu (Orbignya SP.) Mesocarp Residue and Palygorskite as Bioplastic
Authors: Santana Moisés Virgens , Pinto Railson Machado , Farias Emanuel A. O. , Alves Kariny Rocha , Araújo Cristiany Marinho , Braz Cristiano José Farias , Barbosa Renata , Alves Tatianny Soares , Bertolino Luiz Carlos , Eiras Carla 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The solid waste generated by the disposal of plastic materials has become one of society's major problems in recent years. In this sense, several researchers have sought alternatives to minimize environmental pollution. A promising option would be using natural materials, biopolymers, or a mixture of these, also known as composites. In this study, composite films were prepared based on babassu mesocarp (BM) and palygorskite clay mineral (Pal), using the casting technique, as well as the plasticizers sodium alginate (SA) and glycerol (Gl). The films obtained were called BM/SA/Gl/Pal, and for comparison were prepared films containing BM or SA and BM/SA/Gl too. The films presented uniform color, smooth and shiny surfaces, and no fissures. FTIR analysis indicated possible interactions between clay and matrix. The SEM analysis showed that the BM film presented more significant surface irregularity. In contrast, the BM/SA/Gl/Pal film gave a more regular topography and excellent thermal stability. Finally, the BM/SA/Gl/Pal film showed more promising results when compared to the others and is considered an attractive material for use in biodegradable packaging.
Identification of Sarcocystis spp. in synanthropic (Muridae) and wild (Cricetidae) rodents from Argentina
Authors: Rossoli Judith V. Bentancourt , Moré Gastón , Soto-Cabrera Agustina , Moore Dadín P. , Morrell Eleonora L. , Pedrana Julieta , Scioli María V. , Campero Lucía M. , Basso Walter , Hecker Yanina P. , Scioscia Nathalia Paula 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The occurrence of Sarcocystis species was investigated in synanthropic (Muridae) and wild (Cricetidae) rodents from Argentina. Nine species were captured (n = 356). Sarcocysts were detected in muscles of 8.7% (31/356) and 3.7% (4/106) of the rodents by histopathology and direct microscopy, respectively. PCRs-sequencing targeting the 18S rRNA, cox1 and ITS1 regions were performed on samples with positive histopathology. Four different 18S rRNA sequences or sequence groups with high intra-group identities (99.6–100%) were detected in Mus musculus, Oxymycterus rufus, Akodon azarae and Necromys lasiurus. Eight sequences showed 99.5–99.7% identity with S. dispersa. Thirteen sequences showed low identity (95.3–96.4%) with other Sarcocystis spp. The obtained coxI sequences (n = 9) were almost identical among them and showed a high similarity with S. strixi (99.2–99.5%) and S. lutrae (99.1%), despite the 18S rRNA sequences from the same samples suggested the occurrence of at least two species. This suggests that coxI may not show high variability in Sarcocystis spp. that use rodents as intermediate hosts. Six ITS1 sequences were obtained, showing high identity but low coverage with several Sarcocystis spp. Multilocus sequence typing and BLAST analysis did not allow accurate species identification. Possible reasons are the detection of new species or the lack of molecular information from previously described ones. Phylogeny suggests that the detected Sarcocystis spp. may use raptor birds or snakes as definitive hosts. This study represents the first molecular identification of Sarcocystis spp. in naturally infected rodents of the Cricetidae and Muridae families in South America.
The effect of taVNS on the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway: a TMS study
Authors: Midden Vesna M van , Pirtošek Zvezdan , Kojović Maja 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: fMRI studies show activation of cerebellum during transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS), however there is no evidence whether taVNS induced activation of the cerebellum translates to the cerebellar closed loops involved in motor functions.
Objective/Hypothesis: We assessed the propensity of taVNS at 25Hz (taVNS25) and 100Hz (taVNS100) to modulate cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways using transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Methods: Double blind within-subjects study. 32 participants completed one visit during which cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) was assessed at baseline (no stimulation) and in a randomized order during taVNS100, taVNS25, and sham taVNS (xVNS). Generalized linear mixed models with gamma distribution were built to assess the effect of taVNS on CBI. The estimated marginal means of linear trends during each taVNS condition were computed and compared in a pairwise fashion with Benjamini Hochbeck correction for multiple comparisons.
Results: CBI significantly increased during taVNS100 compared to taVNS25 and xVNS (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0465, respectively). The taVNS current intensity and CBI conditioning stimulus intensity had no significant effect on CBI.
Conclusion(s): taVNS has a frequency dependent propensity to modulate the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway. The cerebellum participates in closed loop circuits involved in motor, cognitive, and affective operations and may serve as an entry for modulating effects of taVNS.