bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications for and outcomes of interstage catheter interventions following the Norwood procedure: A single-institution study
Authors: Bouyaala Yousra , Bindermann Robert , Wendt Stefanie , Kroener Axel , Bennink Gerardus , Sreeram Narayanswami 
Published: April 2023

Aims:
The aim of this study was to document the incidence, types, and outcome of interstage catheter interventions following the Norwood surgical palliation.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective single-center study of all patients surviving the Norwood operation was performed. All data concerning interstage catheter interventions up to the completion of the superior cavopulmonary shunt were collected.

Results:
Catheter interventions were performed in 62 of 94 patients (66%; 38 males). These included interventions on the aortic arch (n = 44), the branch pulmonary arteries (PAs) (n = 17), and the Sano shunt (n = 14). Multiple interventions and repeat interventions were common. The minimum aortic arch diameter (pre- versus posttreatment) increased from median 3.1 (2.3–3.3) mm to 5.1 (4.2–6.2) mm (P < 0.001). The catheter pullback gradient decreased from 40 (36–46) mmHg to 9 (5–10) mmHg (P < 0.001), and the echocardiographic gradient from 54 (45–64) mmHg to 12 (10–16) mmHg (P < 0.001). The branch PA diameters increased from 2.4 (2.1–3.0) mmHg to 4.7 (4.2–5.1) mmHg (P < 0.001). The minimum Sano shunt diameters increased from 2.0 (1.5–2.1) mm to 5.9 (5.8–6.0) mm (P < 0.001); this was associated with an improvement in systemic saturation from 63% (60%–65%) to 80% (79–82%) (P < 0.001). Unexpected interstage death at home occurred in two patients who had received no interventions. The remainder received a superior cavopulmonary shunt palliation.

Conclusions:
Catheter interventions were common. Systematic follow-up and a low threshold for reintervention are essential to the success of staged surgical palliation for this patient cohort.
Experience with the largest custom-made 48 mm fenestrated atrial septal occluder device and its 4-year follow-up
Authors: Sivakumar Kothandam , Jain Gaurav 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Atrial septal defects (ASDs) measuring <38 mm are referred for transcatheter closure. Availability of larger devices up to 46 mm extended the inclusion criteria. An elderly hypertensive male with a 44 mm secundum ASD and coexistent sick sinus syndrome and atrioventricular (AV) nodal block presented with syncope. Balloon interrogation unmasked restrictive left ventricular (LV) physiology. After AV synchronous pacing, balloon-assisted deployment of a custom fenestrated 48 mm Figulla septal occluder (Occlutech Inc., Schaffhausen, Switzerland) prevented a rise of LV end-diastolic pressures beyond 12 mmHg. Echocardiogram and computed tomography after 4 years confirmed a patent fenestration and favorable remodeling. This report of the clinical use of the largest ASD device demonstrated the feasibility of closure of extremely large defects despite a restrictive LV.
Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of prophylactic amiodarone versus dexmedetomidine on reducing the incidence of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia after pediatric open heart surgery
Authors: Wadile Santosh , Sivakumar Kothandam , Murmu Udaya Charan , Ganesan Selvakumar , Dhandayuthapani Giridhar Gopal , Agarwal Ravi , Sheriff Ejaz Ahamed , Varghese Roy 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is the most common arrhythmia after pediatric open-heart surgeries (OHS), causing high morbidity and mortality. As diagnosis is often missed in patients with minimal hemodynamic instability, its incidence depends on active surveillance. A prospective randomized trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of prophylactic amiodarone and dexmedetomidine to prevent and control postoperative JET.

Methods:
Consecutive patients aged under 12 years were randomized into amiodarone, dexmedetomidine (initiated during anesthetic induction) and control groups. Outcome measures included incidence of JET, inotropic score, ventilation, and intensive care unit (ICU) duration and hospital stay, as well as adverse drug effects.

Results:
Two hundred and twenty-five consecutive patients with a median age of 9 months (range 2 days–144 months) and a median weight of 6.3 kg (range 1.8 kg–38 kg) were randomized with 70 patients each to amiodarone and dexmedetomidine groups, and the rest were controls. Ventricular septal defect and Fallot’s tetralogy were the common defects. The overall incidence of JET was 16.4%. Syndromic patients, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, longer bypass, and cross-clamp duration were the risk factors for JET. Patients with JET had significantly prolonged ventilation (P = 0.043), longer ICU (P = 0.004), and hospital stay (P = 0.034) than those without JET. JET was less frequent in amiodarone (8.5%) and dexmedetomidine (14.2%) groups compared to controls (24.7%) (P = 0.022). Patients receiving amiodarone and dexmedetomidine had significantly lower inotropic requirements, lower ventilation duration (P = 0.008), ICU (P = 0.006), and hospital stay (P = 0.05). Adverse effects such as bradycardia and hypotension after amiodarone and ventricular dysfunction after dexmedetomidine were not significantly different from controls.

Conclusion:
Prophylactic amiodarone or dexmedetomidine started before OHS is effective and safe for the prevention of postoperative JET.
Use of drug-coated balloon instead of drug-eluting stent for pediatric cardiac allograft vasculopathy
Authors: Hirose Masaki , Narita Jun , Hashimoto Kazuhisa , Ishii Ryo , Ishida Hidekazu , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) sometimes leads to restenosis, even after percutaneous transcatheter intervention. Recently, drug-coated balloons (DCBs) have been successfully used to treat coronary artery disease, especially CAVs, in adults. However, no studies have used DCBs in pediatric CAVs. We encountered a patient with CAV who underwent cardiac transplantation for restrictive cardiomyopathy at the age of 2 years. Nine years after the transplantation, severe stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending branch was observed. Considering the patient’s young age and the possibility of restenosis, we performed an intervention with DCB. Follow-up conducted 7 months after the intervention showed no restenosis. Cardiac coronary artery lesions following transplantation are more likely to result in restenosis earlier than arteriosclerotic lesions. In pediatric patients, restenosis might require multiple stents and prolonged antiplatelet therapy. Our findings provide evidence supporting the possibility of an effective treatment of CAV in children.
Realignment of the ventricular septum in tetralogy of Fallot using (partial) direct closure of the ventricular septal defect: Long-term follow-up and comparison to conventional patch repair
Authors: Auer Alexander , Callegari Alessia , Sitte Vanessa , Pretre Rene , Dave Hitendu , Christmann Martin 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
Aortic dilatation and regurgitation after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is known, and beside other factors, mainly addressed to an intrinsic aortopathy. In 2011, we reported the influence of realingement of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) by (partial) direct closure of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) in TOF on aortic structures and function. We now evaluated the further follow-up of this cohort and compared the results to a matched group of TOF patients with classical VSD patch closure.

Patients and Methods:
Forty patients with TOF treated between 2003 and 2008 are included in the study, with 20 patients each in the VSD (a) (partial) direct closure and (b) patch closure group. Follow-up time after surgery was 12.3 years (11.3–13.0).

Results:
Patient characteristics, echocardiographic measurements, and surgical and intensive care unit parameters were not significantly different between both groups. After surgery and during long-term follow-up, realignement of the LVOT, shown by the angle between the interventricular septum and the anterior aortic annulus in long axis view in echocardiography, was lower in Group A (34 vs. 45°, P < 0.0001). No differences in LVOT or aortic annulus size, aortic regurgitation, or dilation of the ascending aorta and right ventricular outflow tract gradients were found. Transient rhythm disturbances were found in 3 patients in each group, with only one persistent complete atrioventricular block in Group B.

Conclusion:
(Partial) direct closure of the VSD in TOF leads to a better realignement of the LVOT and showed comparable short- and long-term results without higher risk for rhythm disturbances during follow-up.
Multimodality hemodynamic evaluation for optimizing management of anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the aorta in an adolescent
Authors: Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Choubey Mrigank , Kumar Sanjeev , Patel Chetan , Airan Balram 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
The hemodynamics of anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery (PA) from the aorta is challenging. Different sources of blood supply to the lungs lead to a unique state of differential flow, pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance in each lung. The decision for surgical reimplantation of the anomalous PA during infancy is easy. The assessment of operability beyond infancy, however, is perplexing. In this report, we describe stepwise multimodal hemodynamic evaluation and successful surgical management in a 15-year-old boy with an isolated anomalous origin of the right PA from the aorta. We also report 5-year hemodynamic data confirming sustained benefit over the long term, thus providing much-needed clinical validation of often cited Poiseuille’s and Ohm’s laws.
A new terpenoid from Olea europaea L. leaves and potential aptitude of different leaf extracts as anti-inflammatory agents
Authors: Ghanem Mona T.M. , Tawfik Wafaa A. , Mahdy El-Sayed M. , Abdelgawad Mohamed E. , Mohamed Tarik A. , Hamed Ahmed R. , Ohta Shingi , Hegazy Mohamed Elamir F. , Abdel-Azim Nahla S. , Shahat Abdelaaty A. , El-Missiry Moustafa M. 
Published: April 2023

Background
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) has played a significant role in medical history, being used to relieve a wide range of illnesses in traditional medicine. The value of olive leaves came from their medicinal and nutritional properties. In recent times, it has been proven that there is a potential role of leaves in cancer prevention and inflammatory illnesses.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to look at the chemical makeup of methylene chloride fraction and also to evaluate the chemopreventive properties and the anti-inflammatory activity of different olive leave fractions using hepa1c1c7 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharides, respectively.

Materials and methods
Air-dried powdered olive leaves were defatted with hexane, and the marc was then soaked in 80% methanol and successively extracted with CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. Phytochemical investigation of CH2Cl2 fraction was done. The chemopreventive effect was determined in vitro using a hepa1c1c7 human carcinoma cell line, and the anti-inflammatory was carried out using RAW264.7 macrophages.

Results and conclusion
One novel compound, identified and given the name oleuropeinone (

1
), was obtained together with two known compounds, blumenol A (

2
) and megaritolactonol (

3
). Spectroscopic data such as 1H and 13C NMR were used to identify their chemical structures. The CH2Cl2 fraction is the most effective fraction to inhibit inflammatory markers inducible nitric oxide synthase and COX-2 protein expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, it has a potent effect in inducing the chemopreventive marker NQO1 protein expression.
Assessment the effect of He-Ne laser treatment of Balanites aegyptiaca seeds on the amelioration of active constituents, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer impact in vitro
Authors: Mousa F.M. , Ali M.M. , Abdel-Halim A.H. , Khamis G. , Morsy M. , Ghanem H.M. 
Published: April 2023

Background and objective
Cancer is still a major health problem worldwide, with an estimated 18.1 million new cases in 2018, and it is expected to increase by 75% by 2030. Chemotherapeutic drugs have disadvantages such as toxicity to noncancerous tissues, drug resistance, and recurrence of cancer. Medicinal plants with their active components have great potential as an important source for novel drug discovery owing to their availability, efficiency, and safety. Searching for new strategies to obtain new drugs with higher efficiency and more safety represents an urgent need. Laser light treatment for seeds is known to improve germination, plant growth, and bioactive substance. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of laser irradiation on improvement of the phytochemicals compounds and biological activities of Balanites aegyptiaca seeds.

Materials and methods
The effect of laser pretreatment was investigated at different powers, that is, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mW, with two-time intervals for each power (2 and 4 min), on B. aegyptiaca seeds to enhance the germination and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of their dry plant material through different assays and select the most powerful laser pretreatment extract to evaluate the anticarcinogenic activity on different cell lines.

Results and conclusion
The results bring to light that the most efficient laser treatment for seeds of B. aegyptiaca was at 200 mW/4 min, which induces the highest yield percentage, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, metal chelating, reducing power, as well as free diphenylpicrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities. Based on these outcomes, the antiproliferative screening assay of the methanolic extracts for the shoots (S) and roots (R) dry plant material of B. aegyptiaca after helium-neon laser treatment at 200 mW for 4 min compared with control was performed on a panel of three cancer cell lines (HepG2, HCT116, and MCF-7) using the sulphorhodamine-B assay, and cytotoxicity was determined using normal BHK fibroblast cell line. Obtained results indicated that these extracts should be regarded as potential anticarcinogenic resources against the HepG2 cell line, displayed moderate activity against MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines, and exhibited no activity against the growth of the normal BHK cell line. Furthermore, a comparison between these laser-treated extracts, and their mixtures against their control extracts and their mixtures, using the doxorubicin as the reference drug on the HepG2 cell line was in favor of the laser-treated roots and shoots extracts, respectively.
Studies on red-pigment production by Talaromyces atroroseus TRP-NRC mutant II from wheat bran via solid-state fermentation
Authors: Fadel Mohamed , Elkhateeb Yomna A.M. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundRecently, the need of finding eco-friendly and less-hazardous pigments focused on an important alternative to harmful synthetic dyes. High productivity of various pigments from microorganisms, their rapid growth throughout the year, stability, and solubility of their pigments provide them advantages more than pigments produced from other natural sources.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to improve red-pigment production from local isolated fungusTalaromyces atroroseusTRP-NRC on an inexpensive substrate (wheat bran) under solid-state fermentation system by using different mutants. Then, comparing between pigment released from fungi after mutation by different mutants, comparing the efficiency of different solvents for the extraction of red biopigments under different conditions, and then extraction of pigment and studying its structure.Materials and methodsA novel locally non-mycotoxin-producing fungusT. atroroseusTRP-NRC was treated with γ-ray radiation followed by subjecting to ultraviolet rays and grown on wheat bran as a complete medium via solid-state fermentation technique. Different solvents, including water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone, were applied to extract pigment from dried fermented wheat bran. The effect of pH, temperature, and contact time on yield of pigment extraction was studied. Stability of extracted pigment to heat, autoclaving, and ultraviolet rays was studied. Antimicrobial activity of extracted pigment was studied. The extracted sample was subjected to high-performance liquid-chromatography analysis and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS program atPvalue less than 0.05.Results and conclusionThe mutant fungus (I) by gamma radiation achieved 30% increase in red pigment compared with the wild type. The mutant fungus (I) was subjected to ultraviolet rays, mutant (II) added 22% increase in pigment production compared with mutant obtained by gamma radiation. About 70% v/v of methanol, ethanol, and acetone were more efficient for extracting pigment with an advantage of 70% v/v acetone. The yield of pigment extraction was affected by pH, temperature, and contact time, and was at pH 6.5 at 50°C after 16 h. The produced pigment appeared to be heat-stable when subjected to heat from 30 to 80°C for 6 h. The pigment was also stable when autoclaved at 121°C for 15 min. The pigment was stable when subjected to ultraviolet rays for 6 h. The extracted pigment showed antibacterial activity againstBacillus subtilis(Gram-positive) andEscherichia coli(Gram-negative). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that eighteen compounds were identified in the acetone extract of pigment. In general, the prevailing two compounds of fermented wheat bran byT. atroroseusTRP-NRC mutant-II extract were 9, octadenoic acid (43.72) and 1,1’-bicyclopropyl-2-octanoic acid, 2’-hexyl-, methyl ester 43.72%.
Effect of anthropometric and sociodemographic variables on physical activity levels of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Anikpe Jane Nwanneka , Chukwu Aroh Joseph , Edem Ekom Ndifreke , Elahmar Adel A E , Sinha Sohini , Arome David 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Physical inactivity plays a major role in promoting disease outcome, but physical activity enhances effective prevention and treatment of chronic diseases; hence, this study was to determine the effect of anthropometric and demographic factors on the physical activity level of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) on antiretroviral therapy.

Materials and Methods:
This study adopted a cross-sectional method of descriptive research design. A sample size of 170 participants was recruited for this research comprising 113 females and 57 males, who after obtaining their informed consent were issued questionnaires which they meticulously filled under a proper guidance. The participants were almost proportionally distributed across the three levels of physical activity, though about half of them had a normal weight of body mass index (BMI) based on the information obtained.

Results:
The study showed that physical activity according to age significantly affected the BMI (P < 0.05). Physical activity level according to gender had no statistically significant effect on BMI of people living with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral drugs (P > 0.05). However, it was observed that gender had a significant determining effect on BMI, though not related to PAL.

Conclusions:
The findings possibly imply that the psychological effect and the stigma may be the determining factors for the unwillingness to engage in physical activities. This calls for a renewed sensitization and orientation in this aspect.
The rs568408 variant in the IL-12A gene is associated with risk for COVID-19 in Iraqi patients
Authors: AL-Khikani Falah Hasan Obayes , Alkhafaji Zaytoon Abdulridha 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTObjectives:The objective of the current study was to check the link between potential polymorphism in IL12A rs568408 and the possible risk of COVID-19 in the Iraqi population.Materials and Methods:Allele specific-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was carried out for genotyping and detection of IL12A rs568408 gene polymorphism in a case–control study of 125 severe COVID-19 cases and 60 controls. Patients were admitted to either Marjan medical city or Al-Sadeq hospital’s COVID-19 wards between January and June 2022 in Iraq. The diagnosis of COVID-19 in each patient was confirmed by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2-positive reverse transcription-PCR.Results:The distribution of both genotyping and allele frequencies of IL-12A rs568408 revealed significant differences between patients and control groups (P= 0.006 andP= 0.001, respectively). The IL12A rs568408 AA and AG variant genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 5.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–23.82;P= 0.034) and (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.16–4.94,P= 0.018), respectively, compared with the wild-type GG homozygote.Conclusion:These findings indicate that IL12A rs568408 GA/AA variant may contribute to the risk of COVID-19. This study is the first report about the association of IL12A rs568408 with COVID-19.
RELEVANSI HASIL REVITALISASI KOTA SEMARANG TERHADAP PENGHARGAAN SEBAGAI KOTA TERBERSIH SE-ASIA TENGGARA 2020
Authors: Windyatmoko Novan , Ngenget Indiana , Musthofa Musthofa 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini menganalisis hasil kebijakan revitalisasi Kota Semarang periode 2017-2020, relevansinya dengan perolehan penghargaan dari ASEAN Clean Tourist City Standart oleh Perhimpunan Bangsa-bangsa Asia Tenggara (Perbara) di Brunei Darussalam 16 Januari 2020, Kota Semarang dinobatkan sebagai Kota Terbersih Se-Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan tipe penelitian deskriptif analisis, Pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara mendalam dan kajian Pustaka. Hasil penelitian dapat diidentifikasi kebijakan revitalisasi merupakan upaya menciptakan wajah baru dan meningkatkan daya tarik wisatawan, kesejahteraan masyarakat, peremajaan kawasan, mengurangi banjir rob akibat pasang air laut dan menghapus permukiman kumuh. Program Bergerak Bersama, Semarang “Wegah Nyampah” dan KOTAKU menjadi gambaran nyata dari Perda no.11 (2017) mengenai Perubahan Perda no. 6 (2016) mengenai Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Kota Semarang Tahun 2016-2021. Penghargaan ASEAN Tourism Forum 2020, yang menobatkan Kota Semarang menjadi Kota Terbersih Se-Asia Tenggara karena program yang dicanangkan Pemerintah Kota Semarang melalui kerjasama dengan semua elemen dari pemerintah, pihak swasta, masyarakat dan media dapat berjalan dengan baik. Sehingga hasil dari kebijakan revitalisasi dan program “Bergerak Bersama”, Semarang “Wegah Nyampah” dan KOTAKU memiliki relevansi dengan penghargaan Kota Semarang menjadi Kota Terbersih Se-Asia Tenggara dalam ASEAN Tourism Forum 2020.