bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geologic, seasonal, and atmospheric predictors of indoor home radon values
Authors: Hahn Ellen J , Haneberg William C , Stanifer Stacy R , Rademacher Kathy , Backus Jason , Rayens Mary Kay 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Exposure to tobacco smoke and radon cause lung cancer. Radioactive decay of naturally occurring uranium in bedrock produces radon. Seasonality, bedrock type, age of home, and topography have been associated with indoor radon, but the research is mixed. The study objective was to examine the relationships of geologic (soil radon and bedrock) and seasonal (warm and cold times of the year) factors with indoor home radon values in citizen scientists’ homes over time, controlling for atmospheric conditions, topography, age of home, and home exposure to tobacco smoke. We collected and analyzed indoor radon values, soil radon gas concentrations, and dwelling- and county-level geologic and atmospheric conditions on 66 properties in four rural counties during two seasons: (1) summer 2021 (n = 53); and (2) winter/spring 2022 (n = 52). Citizen scientists measured indoor radon using Airthings radon sensors, and outdoor temperature and rainfall. Geologists obtained soil radon measurements using RAD7 instruments at two locations (near the dwelling and farther away) at each dwelling, testing for associations of indoor radon values with soil values, bedrock type, topography, and atmospheric conditions. Bedrock type, near soil radon levels, home age, and barometric pressure were associated with indoor radon. Dwellings built on carbonate bedrock had indoor radon values that were 2.8 pCi/L (103.6 Bq m−3) higher, on average, compared to homes built on siliclastic rock. Homes with higher near soil radon and those built <40 ago were more likely to have indoor radon ⩾4.0 pCi/L (148 Bq m−3). With higher atmospheric barometric pressure during testing, observed indoor radon values were lower. Seasonality and topography were not associated with indoor radon level. Understanding relationships among bedrock type, soil radon, and indoor radon exposure allows the development of practical predictive models that may support pre-construction forecasting of indoor radon potential based on geologic factors.
Multiplicity and Stability of the Pohozaev Obstruction for Hardy-Schrödinger Equations with Boundary Singularity
Authors: Ghoussoub Nassif , Mazumdar Saikat , Robert Frédéric 
Published: June 2023

Let

Ω
\Omega

be a smooth bounded domain in

R

n

\mathbb {R}^n

(

n
≥
3

n\geq 3

) such that

0
∈
∂
Ω

0\in \partial \Omega

. We consider issues of non-existence, existence, and multiplicity of variational solutions in

H

1
,
0

2

(
Ω
)

H_{1,0}^2(\Omega )

for the borderline Dirichlet problem,

{

−
Δ
u
−
γ

u

|

x

|

2

−
h
(
x
)
u

a
m
p
;
=

a
m
p
;

|

u

|

2
⋆

(
s
)
−
2

u

|

x

|

s

a
m
p
;
in
Ω
,

u

a
m
p
;
=

a
m
p
;
0

a
m
p
;
on
∂
Ω
∖
{
0
}
,

\begin{equation*} \left \{ \begin {array}{llll} -\Delta u-\gamma \frac {u}{|x|^2}- h(x) u &=& \frac {|u|^{2^\star (s)-2}u}{|x|^s} \ \ &\text {in } \Omega ,\\ \hfill u&=&0 &\text {on }\partial \Omega \setminus \{ 0 \} , \end{array} \right . \end{equation*}

where

0
>
s
>
2

0>s>2

,

2
⋆

(
s
)

≔

2
(
n
−
s
)

n
−
2

{2^\star (s)}≔\frac {2(n-s)}{n-2}

,

γ
∈

R

\gamma \in \mathbb {R}

and

h
∈

C
0

(

Ω
¯

)

h\in C^0(\overline {\Omega })

. We use sharp blow-up analysis on—possibly high energy—solutions of corresponding subcritical problems to establish, for example, that if

γ
>

n
2

4

−
1

\gamma >\frac {n^2}{4}-1

and the principal curvatures of

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

at

0
0

are non-positive but not all of them vanishing, then Equation (E) has an infinite number of high energy (possibly sign-changing) solutions in

H

1
,
0

2

(
Ω
)

H_{1,0}^2(\Omega )

. This complements results of the first and third authors, who showed in their 2016 article, Hardy-Singular Boundary Mass and Sobolev-Critical Variational Problems, that if

γ
≤

n
2

4

−

1
4

\gamma \leq \frac {n^2}{4}-\frac {1}{4}

and the mean curvature of

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

at

0
0

is negative, then

(
E
)

(E)

has a positive least energy solution.

On the other hand, the sharp blow-up analysis also allows us to show that if the mean curvature at

0
0

is nonzero and the mass, when defined, is also nonzero, then there is a surprising stability of regimes where there are no variational positive solutions under

C
1

C^1

-perturbations of the potential

h
h

. In particular, and in sharp contrast with the non-singular case (i.e., when

γ
=
s
=
0

\gamma =s=0

), we prove non-existence of such solutions for

(
E
)

(E)

in any dimension, whenever

Ω
\Omega

is star-shaped and

h
h

is close to

0
0

, which include situations not covered by the classical Pohozaev obstruction.
Psychological interventions for loneliness and social isolation among older adults during medical pandemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Muzi , Rao Wenwang , Su Yingying , Sul Youngjoo , Caron Gabriel , D’Arcy Carl , Fleury Marie-Josee , Meng Xiangfei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
There is little research conducted to systematically synthesize the evidence on psychological interventions for social isolation and loneliness among older adults during medical pandemics. This systematic review aims to address this information gap and provides guidance for planning and implementing interventions to prevent and reduce loneliness and social isolation for older adults, especially during medical pandemics.

Methods
Four electronic databases (EMBASE, PsychoInfo, Medline and Web of Science) and grey literature from 1 January 2000 to 13 September 2022 were searched for eligible studies on loneliness and social isolation. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment on key study characteristics were conducted independently by two researchers. Both qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were used.

Results
The initial search yielded 3,116 titles. Of the 215 full texts reviewed, 12 intervention articles targeting loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic met the inclusion criteria. No studies were found concerning intervention with respect to social isolation. Overall, interventions targeting social skills and the elimination of negativities effectively alleviated the feelings of loneliness in the older population. However, they had only short-term effects.

Conclusion
This review systematically summarised the key characteristics and the effectiveness of existing interventions addressing loneliness in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future interventions should focus on social skills and eliminating negativities and be tailored to the needs and characteristics of older people. Repeated larger-scale randomized controlled trials and long-term effectiveness evaluations on this topic are warranted.
Development and validation of an international preoperative risk assessment model for postoperative delirium
Authors: Dodsworth Benjamin T , Reeve Kelly , Falco Lisa , Hueting Tom , Sadeghirad Behnam , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Goettel Nicolai , Schmutz Gelsomino Nayeli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a frequent complication in older adults, characterised by disturbances in attention, awareness and cognition, and associated with prolonged hospitalisation, poor functional recovery, cognitive decline, long-term dementia and increased mortality. Early identification of patients at risk of POD can considerably aid prevention.

Methods
We have developed a preoperative POD risk prediction algorithm using data from eight studies identified during a systematic review and providing individual-level data. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for predictor selection and internal validation of the final penalised logistic regression model. The external validation used data from university hospitals in Switzerland and Germany.

Results
Development included 2,250 surgical (excluding cardiac and intracranial) patients 60 years of age or older, 444 of whom developed POD. The final model included age, body mass index, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score, history of delirium, cognitive impairment, medications, optional C-reactive protein (CRP), surgical risk and whether the operation is a laparotomy/thoracotomy. At internal validation, the algorithm had an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.77–0.82) with CRP and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.77–0.82) without CRP. The external validation consisted of 359 patients, 87 of whom developed POD. The external validation yielded an AUC of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.68–0.80).

Conclusions
The algorithm is named PIPRA (Pre-Interventional Preventive Risk Assessment), has European conformity (ce) certification, is available at http://pipra.ch/ and is accepted for clinical use. It can be used to optimise patient care and prioritise interventions for vulnerable patients and presents an effective way to implement POD prevention strategies in clinical practice.
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Involving Serous Fluid: Cytologic Features and Diagnostic Pitfalls: A Series of 8 Cases
Authors: Fakhri Nibras L , Gan Qiong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
When desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is present in serous fluid, the cytomorphology can be diverse and can mimic metastatic carcinomas and thus present a diagnostic challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical features of this rare tumor in serous effusion specimens.

Methods
Demographic, clinical, radiologic, and pathologic information from patients who had a DSRCT diagnosis on body fluid specimens was collected and cytologic slides were reviewed.

Results
Nine specimens were identified (5 pleural fluid and 4 ascitic fluid specimens) from 8 patients (5 male and 3 female). The mean patient age at diagnosis was 26 years. The most common symptoms were abdominal distension and pain, with 5 patients having abdominal masses. Other findings included peritoneal carcinomatosis, liver masses, ascites, and pleural nodules. The predominant cytomorphology was loose cellular clusters, followed by tight clusters of small cells with scant occasional vacuolated cytoplasm and a sphere-like pattern.

Conclusions
Serous fluid may be the first available specimen to diagnose DSRCT. In young patients with no history of malignancy and radiologic finding of peritoneal implants, DSRCT should be considered a possibility in the differential diagnosis, and sensitive markers should be used for accurate diagnosis.
Lobular capillary hemangioma (pyogenic granuloma) of the gastrointestinal tract: Clinicopathologic analysis of 34 cases
Authors: Booth Adam L , Voltaggio Lysandra , Waters Rebecca , Goldblum John , Feely Michael M , Agostini-Vulaj Diana , Pezhouh Maryam , Gonzalez Raul S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) rarely involves the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study describes clinicopathologic features of LCH in a cohort of GI cases.

Methods
We defined lobular capillary hemangioma as “a proliferation of capillary-sized blood vessels arranged at least focally in a lobular configuration,” searched departmental archives for cases, and recorded clinicopathologic findings.

Results
We identified 34 GI tract LCHs from 16 men and 10 women; 4 patients had multiple lesions. Mean age was 64 years. Cases arose in the esophagus (n = 7), stomach (n = 3), small bowel (n = 7), and colorectum (n = 17). Twelve patients had anemia or rectal bleeding. No patients had a known genetic syndrome. The lesions manifested as mucosal polyps, with median size of 1.3 cm. Microscopically, 20 lesions were ulcerated, and most involved the mucosa, with 9 extending into the submucosa. Vessel dilation was present in 27 patients, endothelial hobnailing in 13, hemorrhage in 13, and focal reactive stromal atypia in 2. Follow-up information was available for 10 patients, none of whom developed same-site recurrence. Six of the 26 cases (23%) were extradepartmental consultations, including 2 of the multifocal cases.

Conclusions
Gastrointestinal tract LCHs often arise as colorectal polyps. They are typically small but can reach a few centimeters in size and can be multifocal.
Update and Novel Validation of a Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire
Authors: Chasan-Taber Lisa , Park Susan , Marcotte Robert T , Staudenmayer John , Strath Scott , Freedson Patty 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to update and validate the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ), using novel and innovative accelerometer and wearable camera measures in a free-living setting, to improve the measurement performance of this method for self-reporting physical activity. A prospective cohort of 50 eligible pregnant women were enrolled in early pregnancy (mean = 14.9 weeks’ gestation). In early, middle, and late pregnancy, participants completed the updated PPAQ and, for 7 days, wore an accelerometer (GT3X-BT; ActiGraph, Pensacola, Florida) on the nondominant wrist and a wearable camera (Autographer; OMG Life (defunct)). At the end of the 7-day period, participants repeated the PPAQ. Spearman correlations between the PPAQ and accelerometer data ranged from 0.37 to 0.44 for total activity, 0.17 to 0.53 for moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity, 0.19 to 0.42 for light-intensity activity, and 0.23 to 0.45 for sedentary behavior. Spearman correlations between the PPAQ and wearable camera data ranged from 0.52 to 0.70 for sports/exercise and from 0.26 to 0.30 for transportation activity. Reproducibility scores ranged from 0.70 to 0.92 for moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity and from 0.79 to 0.91 for sports/exercise, and were comparable across other domains of physical activity. The PPAQ is a reliable instrument and a valid measure of a broad range of physical activities during pregnancy.
Embracing the complexity of leaf shape: a commentary on ‘Anatomical determinants of gas exchange and hydraulics vary with leaf shape in soybean’
Authors: John Grace P , Garnica-Díaz Claudia J 
Published: June 2023

This article comments on:Bishal G. Tamang, Yanqun Zhang, Michelle A. Zambrano and Elizabeth A. Ainsworth Anatomical determinants of gas exchange and hydraulics vary with leaf shape in soybean, Annals of Botany, Volume 131, Issue 6, 9 May 2023, Pages 909–920, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcac118
Revision Rhinoplasty Using Glued Diced Costal Cartilage Shaped With Mold for Management of Complicated Silicone Rhinoplasty
Authors: Fung Chak Yuen , Kim Jeong Heon , Liao Pei-Hsun , Jang Yong Ju 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Complicated silicone nose is a common clinical problem. Selection of replacement material for revision dorsal augmentation is a challenging task.

Objectives
The authors presented their experience in the use of molded glued diced cartilage graft (GDCG) for revision rhinoplasty in patients who had complicated silicone augmentation.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 28 patients who underwent silicone implant removal and revision dorsal augmentation with costal cartilage at a tertiary center between February 1, 2018, and February 28, 2022. Patient demographics, surgical technique, anthropometric measurements, and complication data were retrieved and analyzed. Aesthetic outcome scoring and anthropometric measurements were performed.

Results
Twenty-eight patients (9 males and 19 females) who underwent revision rhinoplasty with augmentation were reviewed. The principal indication for revision was cosmetic dissatisfaction. Mean postoperative follow-up duration was 18.3 months. All patients had revision dorsal augmentation with molded GDCG. Other key surgical techniques include the use of caudal septal extension and extended spreader and tip grafts. The majority of the patients were judged to have good or excellent outcomes (91.1%). There were significant percentage increases in dorsal height, radix height, nasal length, and nasal tip projection (2.78%, 2.26%, 7.53%, and 2.40%, respectively; P &lt; .05) and reduction of nasal axis deviation of 1.15° (P &lt; .05) postoperatively. Two patients had postoperative complications, including infection and cosmetic dissatisfaction.

Conclusions
Revision rhinoplasty following unsuccessful silicone augmentation is commonly encountered in the Asian population. Molded GDCG for revision dorsal augmentation is a reliable option that delivers good to excellent aesthetic outcomes with acceptable complication rates.

Level of Evidence: 4
Protein expression systems combining a flavonoid-inducible promoter and T7 RNA polymerase in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Koreeda Ami , Taguchi Rina , Miyamoto Kanon , Kuwahara Yuna , Hirooka Kazutake 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Recombinant protein production must be tightly controlled when overproduction adversely affects the host bacteria. We developed a flavonoid-inducible T7 expression system in Bacillus subtilis using the qdoI promoter to control the T7 RNA polymerase gene (T7 pol). Using the egfp reporter gene controlled by the T7 promoter in a multicopy plasmid, we confirmed that this expression system is tightly regulated by flavonoids, such as quercetin and fisetin. Altering the qdoI promoter for T7 pol control to its hybrid derivative increased the expression level by 6.6-fold at maximum values upon induction. However, faint expression leakage was observed under a noninducing condition. Therefore, the two expression systems with the original qdoI promoter and the hybrid construct can be used selectively, depending on the high control accuracy or production yield required.
Systematics and biogeography of Oleaceae subtribe Schreberinae, with recircumscription and revision of the Malagasy members
Authors: Hong-Wa Cynthia , Dupin Julia , Frasier Cynthia , Schatz George E , Besnard Guillaume 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Clarifying generic circumscriptions in Oleaceae improves its complicated infrafamilial classification. Focusing on the small and disjunctly distributed subtribe Schreberinae, we use phylogenomic data from plastid and nuclear DNA from an extensive sampling to assess its phylogenetic patterns and biogeographic history. Results show paraphyly in the subtribe, with Comoranthus nested in Schrebera, leading us to synonymize these genera. Schrebera s.l. occurs in four major regions of the world, but its centre of origin remains uncertain, with three possible ancestral ranges identified. However, the diversification of this genus is estimated to have started in the Early Oligocene (c. 34 Mya), and its current distribution pattern is best explained by dispersal between landmasses rather than continental vicariance. Madagascar is the centre of diversity of Schrebera s.l., where ten endemic species, of which five are new, were recovered from analyses of morphological, molecular and ecoclimatic data. Therefore, a taxonomic treatment of the species from Madagascar and the Comoro Islands is presented. As currently circumscribed, Schrebera s.l., and thus the monogeneric subtribe, includes 16 species (one in South America, two in Southeast Asia, three in Africa, of which one is shared with Madagascar, and 11 in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands).
Peripheral CCL2-CCR2 signalling contributes to chronic headache-related sensitization
Authors: Ryu Sun , Liu Xuemei , Guo Tingting , Guo Zhaohua , Zhang Jintao , Cao Yu-Qing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Migraine, especially chronic migraine, is highly debilitating and still lacks effective treatment. The persistent headache arises from activation and sensitization of primary afferent neurons in the trigeminovascular pathway, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Animal studies indicate that signalling through chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) mediates the development of chronic pain after tissue or nerve injury. Some migraine patients had elevated CCL2 levels in CSF or cranial periosteum. However, whether the CCL2-CCR2 signalling pathway contributes to chronic migraine is not clear.
Here, we modelled chronic headache with repeated administration of nitroglycerin (NTG, a reliable migraine trigger in migraineurs) and found that both Ccl2 and Ccr2 mRNA were upregulated in dura and trigeminal ganglion (TG) tissues that are implicated in migraine pathophysiology. In Ccl2 and Ccr2 global knockout mice, repeated NTG administration did not evoke acute or persistent facial skin hypersensitivity as in wild-type mice. Intraperitoneal injection of CCL2 neutralizing antibodies inhibited chronic headache-related behaviours induced by repeated NTG administration and repetitive restraint stress, suggesting that the peripheral CCL2-CCR2 signalling mediates headache chronification. We found that CCL2 was mainly expressed in TG neurons and cells associated with dura blood vessels, whereas CCR2 was expressed in subsets of macrophages and T cells in TG and dura but not in TG neurons under both control and disease states. Deletion of Ccr2 gene in primary afferent neurons did not alter NTG-induced sensitization, but eliminating CCR2 expression in either T cells or myeloid cells abolished NTG-induced behaviours, indicating that both CCL2-CCR2 signalling in T cells and macrophages are required to establish chronic headache-related sensitization. At cellular level, repeated NTG administration increased the number of TG neurons that responded to calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) as well as the production of CGRP in wild-type but not Ccr2 global knockout mice. Lastly, co-administration of CCL2 and CGRP neutralizing antibodies was more effective in reversing NTG-induced behaviours than individual antibodies.
Taken together, these results suggest that migraine triggers activate CCL2-CCR2 signalling in macrophages and T cells. This consequently enhances both CGRP and PACAP signalling in TG neurons, ultimately leading to persistent neuronal sensitization underlying chronic headache. Our work not only identifies the peripheral CCL2 and CCR2 as potential targets for chronic migraine therapy, but also provides proof-of-concept that inhibition of both peripheral CGRP and CCL2-CCR2 signalling is more effective than targeting either pathway alone.
EphB6 deficiency in intestinal neurons promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer by neurotransmitter GABA signaling
Authors: Yu Hao , Qin Xiao-Kang , Yin Kai-Wen , Li Zi-Ming , Ni En-De , Yang Jian-Ming , Liu Xun-Hua , Zhou Ai-Jun , Li Shu-Ji , Gao Tian-Ming , Li Ying , Li Jian-Ming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
EphB6 belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase, whose low expression is associated with shorter survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. But the role and mechanism of EphB6 in the progression of CRC need further study. In addition, EphB6 was mainly expressed in intestinal neurons. But how EphB6 is involved in functions of intestinal neurons has not been known. In our study, we constructed a mouse xenograft model of CRC by injecting CMT93 cells into the rectum of EphB6-deficient mice. We found that the deletion of EphB6 in mice promoted tumor growth of CMT93 cells in a xenograft model of CRC, which was independent of changes in the gut microbiota. Interestingly, inhibition of intestinal neurons by injecting botulinum toxin A into rectum of EphB6-deficient mice could eliminate the promotive effect of EphB6 deficiency on tumor growth in the xenograft model of CRC. Mechanically, the deletion of EphB6 in mice promoted the tumor growth in CRC by increasing GABA in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, EphB6 deficiency in mice increased the expression of synaptosomal-associated protein 25 in the intestinal myenteric plexus, which mediated the release of GABA. Our study concluded that EphB6 knockout in mice promotes tumor growth of CMT93 cells in a xenograft model of CRC by modulating GABA release. Our study found a new regulating mechanism of EphB6 on the tumor progression in CRC that is dependent on intestinal neurons.