bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N30 Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease Emergency Department Admissions in a Tertiary Referral Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre in England: A quality Improvement project
Authors: Avery P , Younge L , Arebi N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
In February and March 2022, the emergency department (ED) affiliated to a tertiary referral inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) centre in England undertook an audit of ED attendances as part of an IBD-related admission quality improvement project (QUIP). Quality standards recommend review within 5 days of a flare. Patients presenting to ED may reflect failure of urgent GP access or to the IBD advice line a marker of poor-quality care.

Methods
Patients with suspected IBD presenting to ED during the audit period were identified the initial results generated further questions for the IBD team. A excel data base was created and the electronic patient record for each patient was retrospectively reviewed. Data relating to previous contact with the IBD team, how patients were referred to ED and confirmation of an IBD diagnosis was collected. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to present the data.

Results
There were N=48 ED attendances with a suspected diagnosis of IBD between February and March 2022. From the N=48 attendances from n=41 patients, n=29 (60.42%) admissions occurred for these patients. n=19 (39.58%) episodes resulted in discharge with five of these being self-discharges. of the n=41 patients n=4(9.76%) did not have a diagnosis of IBD n=1 (2.44%) with a diagnosis of IBD was not known to the IBD interdisciplinary team. Additionally, n=2 (4.88%) were new patients neither were known to the IBD team and n=2 (4.88%) were suspect diagnosis. multiple attendances occurred and n=1 (2.44%) patient attended four times and n=4 (9.76%) patients attended twice each meaning n=5 (12.2%) of the patients were responsible for n=12 (25%) of attendances. Of the original N=48 attendances, n=32 (66.67%) attendances occurred with no contact to the IBD advice line and n=19 (46.34%) of the n=41 patients responsible for these attendances. The outcomes are summarised in Table 1.

Conclusion
The original QUIP data was incomplete, and the actual IBD ED attendance rate was 66.66% of the original quoted figure, raising the importance of data cleaning and quality in QUIP. Focusing in on the 32 attendances where patients did not call the advice line, improvements to the messaging that IBD advice line service is available has become a priority as has utilising advanced nurse practitioner and specialist registrar skills to support patients therefore avoiding some of this ED attendance in the future. So far, adding advice line details to clinic letters, advertising in clinic, and setting up rapid access flare clinic led by Advanced Nurse Practitioners from the IBD Nursing team have been implemented. There are plans to review the attendance at IBD patients in ED in the same period in 2023.
N31 Nothing about us, without us: Developing a reliable IBD information source on sexual well-being by patients and for patients
Authors: Fourie S , Johnstone L , Czuber-Dochan W 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with IBD have knowledge and expertise regarding their disease and can contribute to research and information for other patients. Research suggests that despite IBD having a significant impact on the sexual well-being (SWB) of patients, there is a lack of reliable sources of information on this topic, and it is rarely discussed in clinical consultations. 1. This patient engagement project aimed to cover some of the information deemed important to patients.

Methods
This project was a co-production with patients to provide a reliable source of information for the previously neglected topic of SWB and IBD. Four volunteers living with IBD from a diverse population, collaborated with researchers over four months. They had 6 online group discussion sessions lasting approximately one hour each. They highlighted themes (fig 1) within the broader topic of sex and relationships that they thought should be addressed in an information resource, based on their own past experiences, or what was missing from reliable websites. Volunteers produced a document that was vetted by researchers, and this became the website content.

Results
The outcome of the project was a free to access website which contains SWB information. Patient experience quotes were considered by volunteers as important. A selection of anonymous patient quotations which provided experiences of IBD impact on SWB were also chosen by the volunteers to be included in the information resource. A psycho-sexual therapist reviewed the content and provided an additional information resource in a PDF form, useful for both patients and healthcare professionals, which can be downloaded. A feedback function is included, where users can ask anonymous questions or make suggestions to be incorporated on the website. Website traffic metrics were collected and showed that within the first two weeks of the website being launched, 511 people engaged with the content and 41 downloaded the information leaflet. This data was used as an initial testing for the platform. Website will be updated yearly based on the feedback received.

Conclusion
This project highlighted the importance of resources on the often-neglected topic of SWB in IBD, to improve quality of life for people with IBD. Co-production with patients to create an information resource corroborates their valuable contribution to the topics important to patients. It also demonstrates how this partnership is necessary to create relatable and needed information for patients. The feedback function of the website provides the opportunity for further input from patients, ensuring that research can continue to be informed by them.
Cyclic di-AMP, a multifaceted regulator of central metabolism and osmolyte homeostasis inListeria monocytogenes
Authors: Schwedt Inge , Wang Mengyi , Gibhardt Johannes , Commichau Fabian M 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCyclic di-AMP is an emerging second messenger that is synthesized by many archaea and bacteria, including the Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria monocytogenes played a crucial role in elucidating the essential function of c-di-AMP, thereby becoming a model system for studying c-di-AMP metabolism and the influence of the nucleotide on cell physiology. c-di-AMP is synthesized by a diadenylate cyclase and degraded by two phosphodiesterases. To date, eight c-di-AMP receptor proteins have been identified in L. monocytogenes, including one that indirectly controls the uptake of osmotically active peptides and thus the cellular turgor. The functions of two c-di-AMP-receptor proteins still need to be elucidated. Here, we provide an overview of c-di-AMP signalling in L. monocytogenes and highlight the main differences compared to the other established model systems in which c-di-AMP metabolism is investigated. Moreover, we discuss the most important questions that need to be answered to fully understand the role of c-di-AMP in osmoregulation and in the control of central metabolism.
Europe's constitutional unsettlement: testing the political limits of legal integration
Authors: Scicluna Nicole , Auer Stefan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Law is central to what the European Union is and how it works, but the mismatch between the legal and political dimensions of European integration is undermining the EU from within and limiting its ability to project its power beyond its borders. This article aims to explicate the clash between Europe as a community of law, on the one hand, and Europe as a political project, on the other, by focusing on two crises. The first is the crisis that has arisen in relation to Poland's backsliding when it comes to democracy and the rule of law. The second crisis is the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The two crises are interlinked. An effective response to Russian aggression requires of the EU the kind of solidarity, confidence and unity of purpose that has been undercut by Poland's rule-of-law crisis and by the inadequacy of European responses to it. Thus, both crises unsettle the EU's constitutional settlement, revealing the political limits of legal integration. We find that, if Europe's leaders are to better align the EU's legal order with its political goals and capacity to act, then they will need to acknowledge, and work within, the constraints the EU faces as a union of nation states.
Comparative Evaluation of Reversed Stationary Phase Geometries and Greener Systems on HPLC and UHPLC Using Five Recent Hepatitis-C Antivirals
Authors: Ibrahim Adel Ehab , Abd Elmonem Hadeel Mohamed , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , El Deeb Sami 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Being the most widely used LC mode, reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC accounts for the highest percentage of HPLC separations. The main aim of the green analytical chromatographer is to enhance the efficiency of separations in short analysis times, using the ecologically safest materials and lowest energy consumption.

Objective
Being the heart of any chromatography where the actual separations take place, LC columns have diverse varieties which include different stationary phase geometries as well as different particles sizes. The rationale for column choice is quite complicated. Totally porous, core-shell particles, and monolithic rods are stationary phase types manufactured in RP-mode. The main objective of this research study is to aid in the selection of HPLC or ultra-high performance lquid chromatography (UHPLC) instrumentation.

Methods
In this research article, three different column packing phases were evaluated and compared by both HPLC and UHPLC techniques. The purpose was to explore the best rational choice of column packing as well as LC instrumentation, when using greener chromatographic conditions.

Results
The study showed core-shell particles were superior in both HPLC and UHPLC techniques.

Conclusion
Core-shell particles enabled the utilization of greener mobile phase compositions. Monolithic columns showed better tolerance of greener mobile phase flow rates, without considerable loss of performance.

Highlights
The use of greener organic solvents was assessed on different stationary phase geometries. The separation efficiency for five recent antiviral drugs was evaluated, in order to give better understanding of the way for column choice according to the underlying experimental conditions. UHPLC and HPLC were compared comprehensively for applicability and cost-effectiveness.
A Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Skimmin, a Potential Agent for Treating Postpartum Stroke, and Its Metabolite Umbelliferone in Rat Plasma
Authors: Sun Yaqiong , Jiang Yanyan , Zhang Ruihong , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Skimmin, a potential agent for treating postpartum stroke, is one of the most important coumarins extracted from the leaves of skimmia.

Objective
In this study, a specific, sensitive, and simple high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of skimmin and its metabolite umbelliferone in rat plasma was established and validated.

Method
Chromatographic separation was performed by an Inertsil ODS-3 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid in distilled water–acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min with gradient elution mode. All analytes were detected and quantified in negative multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).

Results
All calibration curves showed good linearity (r &gt; 0.995) over the concentration range of 10–10 000 and 2.0–2000 ng/mL for skimmin and umbelliferone, respectively. The selectivity, sensitivity, extraction recovery, matrix effect, and stability met all requirements.

Conclusions
The analysis method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of skimmin and umbelliferone in rats following oral administration of skimmin at the doses of 10, 30, and 90 mg/kg. With the exception of AUC(0-∞) and Cmax, MRT and Cl/F of skimmin had significant statistical difference with the increasing doses. Skimmin might exhibit nonlinear pharmacokinetic characteristics in rats.

Highlights
This was the first study to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of skimmin as a candidate agent for treating postpartum stroke.
LC–MS-Compatible Chromatographic Method for Quantification of Potential Organic Impurities of Elagolix Sodium in Tablet Dosage Form with Identification of Major Degradation Products
Authors: Desai Pritesh , Prajapati Rohit , Chokshi Avani 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Elagolix is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) modulator and used for pain relief from endometriosis.

Objective
The present research was performed to develop and validate a simple, novel, fast, sensitive, and cost-effective LC–MS-compatible chromatographic method for quantification of all prominent organic impurities of elagolix sodium in tablet formulation with identification of major degradation products.

Methods
The optimum separation of the organic impurities of elagolix sodium was achieved on an ACE C18-PFP (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column by employing pH 5.6 acetate buffer–acetonitrile (95 + 5, by volume) as mobile phase A, and acetonitrile–methanol (90 + 10, by volume) as mobile phase B. UV detection of the drug and impurities was carried out at 210 nm. A forced degradation study was carried out by employing acid, alkali, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic stress conditions on elagolix sodium drug substance and its drug product. The major degradation products observed during the stress study were identified by using mass spectrometry.

Results
Elagolix sodium and its prominent organic impurities were resolved in the developed method through a gradient elution program of 46 min at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. Significant degradation was observed during alkali hydrolysis and oxidative stress conditions with a mass balance of more than 97.0%. The method was validated in line with present International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) Q2(R1) guidelines.

Conclusion
The forced degradation study suggested that the developed method is specific and stability-indicating and can be used for related substance analysis of elagolix drug substance and its dosage forms.

Highlights
This is the first research paper which describes a simple and sensitive (LOD 0.08 µg/mL) HPLC method for quantification of all probable impurities of elagolix in tablet dosage forms. The noticeable feature of the developed method is resolution of impurities of similar structures in a short time using routine solvents which are easily available in the QC laboratory.
Qualitative Confirmation of 94 New Psychoactive Substances and Metabolites in Urine Using Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Goh Evelyn Mei Ling , Ng Xue Qin , Yong Ching Yee , Hamzah Asimah , Moy Hooi Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNumerous methods and techniques have been published for the identification of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and their metabolites in urine. However, there lacks a holistic approach to analyze different groups of NPS and their metabolites with decision points for reporting their use. In this study, data-dependent acquisition workflow using liquid chromatography--quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed and validated for the identification of a total of 94 NPS and metabolites in urine using the established decision points. The limit of identification for all analytes was determined at 25% below their respective decision points. The method was demonstrated to be accurate and precise at their respective decision points with extraction recoveries and ion suppression/enhancement ranging from 51.0% to 103.5% and −81.6% to 159.1%, respectively. There was no observed carryover up to 200 ng/mL for all analytes and no interferences from urine matrixes, internal standards and other common drugs of abuse. The extracted drug analytes were stable at 4 and 15°C for up to 3 days. The validated method was successfully evaluated and applied in the testing of urine samples from NPS users. In conclusion, this validated method can analyze a wide range of NPS and their metabolites with the use of decision points for consistency in reporting.
Leadership rotations and the convergence of subnational economic policies in China: evidence from provincial government work reports
Authors: Lu Jiaxuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article examines how China’s subnational leadership rotations have affected local governments’ policy choices. Utilizing the annual government work reports that outline provincial policy priorities, I find that shuffled leaders choose similar economic policies across different provinces, and this translates into similarities in several policy outcomes. I then show that such policy isomorphism has been driven mainly by convergence in which topics these reports cover, rather than by convergence in how the provincial leaders discuss a given policy issue. However, according to the event study estimates, this economic policy similarity may disappear soon after the shuffled leader leaves office, thus implying that the policy convergence might be transitory. One plausible explanation for these findings is that leadership rotations often indicate that the central government favors the policies implemented by these shuffled leaders, so they tend to replicate some of these policies after moving to the destination province. (JEL H11, H70)
Effect of different dry matter content on fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality of Napier grass silage with novel lactic acid bacteria strains
Authors: Li Haiping , Ran Qifan , Jia Zhifeng , Shuai Yang , Zhou Qingping , Guan Hao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
To investigate the characteristics of different LAB strains isolated from subtropics and their effects on Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage with two dry matter (DM) levels, sugar fermentation pattern, and growth profiles of three screened lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains [Pediococcus pentosaceus (PP04), Weissella cibaria (WC10), and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP694)] were characterized, and then used either individually or in combination at 1.0 × 106 cfu g−1 fresh weight to inoculate grass having 15% or 25% DM. Treatments were applied: (1) no inoculant (control); (2) PP04; (3) WC10; (4) LP694; (5) M-1 (PP04: WC10 = 2:1); (6) M-2 (PP04: LP694 = 1:2); (7) M-3 (WC10: LP694 = 2:1); (8) M-4 (PP04: WC10: LP694 = 2:1:1). The results showed that all inoculations increased LAB, DM recovery, and lactic acid (LA) concentration, while decreasing pH, the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (NH3-N/TN), and butyric acid (BA) concentration compared to control group in both DM. However, the effect of inoculations was very limited at 15% DM. Silages with inoculants achieved higher silage quality at 25% DM than 15% DM. The different LAB inoculants result in significant differences in silage quality, while W. cibaria decreased the pH and inhibited the growth of undesirable bacteria and those characteristics were not affected by the DM content.
Two cases of systemic lupus erythematosus after administration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine
Authors: Sakai Mayu , Takao Ken , Mizuno Masami , Ando Hironori , Kawashima Yui , Kato Takehiro , Kubota Saki , Hirose Tokuyuki , Hirota Takuo , Horikawa Yukio , Yabe Daisuke 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Although there is a great demand for increased coronavirus disease 2019vaccination worldwide, rare side effects of the vaccines in susceptible individuals are attracting attention. We recently treated two patients who developed systemic lupus erythematosus after administration of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine from Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna. While causal relationships between vaccination and adverse events are difficult to discern due to both confounding and masking factors, our findings suggest that attention to possible adjuvant-related autoimmune diseases in certain individuals receiving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines is appropriate.
Effects of lemon–tomato juice consumption on crystal formation in the urine of patients with calcium oxalate stones: A randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Gopala Sathish K. , Joe Jim , Chandran Jithesh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Dietary supplementation with citrate-containing juices may serve as an effective alternative to potassium citrate therapy for preventing calcium oxalate stone recurrence. This study was performed to evaluate whether consumption of lemon–tomato juice can decrease the tendency for stone formation in the urine of calcium oxalate stone formers.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted as a prospective interventional randomized crossover clinical trial with a repeated-measures design. Twenty-two patients with calcium oxalate stones and no metabolic abnormalities in the urine treated with lithotripsy at a tertiary care center from August 2017 to July 2018 were recruited. After a 14-hour overnight fasting, urine samples were collected after the patients consumed either milk only or milk and lemon–tomato juice. Their urine was tested for multiple parameters, including urine pH, specific gravity, calcium–creatinine ratio, and supersaturation with sodium oxalate, followed by optical density measurement via spectrophotometry.

Results
There were no significant differences in the background characteristics between the 2 groups. The optical density of the urine samples obtained after consumption of milk only was significantly higher than that after consumption of milk and lemon–tomato juice (mean = 0.131 for milk only vs. 0.053 for milk and lemon–tomato juice, p < 0.001). The urine calcium–creatinine ratio was similar between the groups (mean = 0.141 for milk only vs. 0.076 for milk and lemon–tomato juice, p = 0.019).

Conclusions
The addition of lemon–tomato juice as a source of citrate in the diet significantly decreases the established risk factors for calcium oxalate stone formation in patients. This study was prospectively registered at CTRI under number CTRI/2017/04/008312 on April 7, 2017.
Psychological Distress and COVID-19
Authors: Delassalle Nancy , Cavaciuti Mary 
Published: January 2023

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on the psychological well-being of frontline health care workers. A variety of interventions have been offered to health care workers in their workplace that has them questioning which intervention would be most beneficial. The purpose of this review is to determine what evidence-based interventions would have an impact on alleviating COVID-19-related psychological distress.

Methods
A search was conducted from multiple databases, including Pubmed, CINAHL, Joanna Briggs, and Cochrane, using the PRISMA framework. The search included COVID-19 as well as previous pandemics. Critical appraisal and synthesis of the 16 relevant sources of evidence were completed.

Results
Based on the current evidence, one cannot conclude that any specific intervention is effective for pandemic-relate distress.

Conclusion
The development, implementation, and scientific evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address the immediate, as well as the long-term, psychological effects of COVID-19 on the mental well-being of health care workers, are needed.