bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Mexican poverty-trap regimes and struggling to escape them
Authors: Sanchez Carrera Edgar J. , Risso Wiston Adrián 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper deals with the phenomenon of poverty-trap regimes in Mexico, that is, self-reinforcing mechanisms in which municipalities which start poor remain poor. We develop a coordination game of poverty traps driven by strategic interactions of economic agents: people choose to complete or not their education levels since it might be excessively costly and unprofitable. A one-shot game is constructed and then converted into a system of differential equations in which strategies that perform relatively better become more abundant in the population. Applying evolutionary games and symbolic-regimes dynamics (nonparametric and nonlinear techniques), we show that Mexican regions are in poverty-trap regimes (stable and dynamically evolving low-level equilibria) characterized by incomplete education and low income since initial conditions (education and income per capita) are such (very precarious) that poverty is the stable steady-state situation. We examine scenarios to show that to overcome the high-poverty regime by the year 2030, it is necessary to reduce incomplete education by 10% in the 5-year periods 2020–2025 and 2025–2030 and increase per-capita income by 10% in both periods.
The color purple: Purple urine bag syndrome: Identifying the phenomenon to ease unnecessary anxiety, fear, and distress
Authors: Julião Miguel , Cruz Mário 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesPurple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a condition that causes an intense purple discoloration of the urine, predominately in frail, dependent, and bedridden persons who are chronically catheterized and have urinary tract infections. Despite being considered a benign syndrome, PUBS can cause great anxiety, fear, and distress in health professionals, chronically ill persons, and caregivers or family members who provide care.MethodsWe report the case of a 98-year-old institutionalized woman with Alzheimer’s dementia with a long-term urinary catheter who developed PUBS.ResultsAlthough alarming and distressing for the resident and the health-care team, PUBS was resolved by treating the underlying urinary tract infection and applying good genital hygiene and catheter replacement.Significance of resultsIdentifying PUBS and its clinical features and management proved to be significantly helpful in ameliorating the anxiety, fear, and distress around the phenomenon.
Disrespectful and inadequate palliative care to lesbian, gay, and bisexual patients
Authors: Berkman Cathy , Stein Gary L. , Godfrey David , Javier Noelle Marie , Maingi Shail , O’Mahony Sean 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe study aims to describe inadequate, disrespectful, and abusive palliative and hospice care received by lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) patients and their spouses/partners due to their sexual orientation or gender identity.MethodsA national sample of 865 healthcare professionals recruited from palliative and hospice care professional organizations completed an online survey. Respondents were asked to describe their observations of inadequate, disrespectful, or abusive care to LGB patients and their spouses/partners.ResultsThere were 15.6% who reported observing disrespectful care to LGB patients, 7.3% observed inadequate care, and 1.6% observed abusive care; 43% reported discriminatory care toward the spouses/partners. Disrespectful care to LGB patients included insensitive and judgmental attitudes and behaviors, gossip and ridicule, and disrespect of the spouse/partner. Inadequate care included denial of care; care that was delayed incomplete, or rushed; dismissive or antagonistic treatment; privacy and confidentiality violations; and dismissive treatment of the spouse/partner.Significance of resultsThese findings provide evidence of discrimination faced by LGB patients and partners while receiving care for serious illness. Hospice and palliative care programs should promote respectful, inclusive, and affirming care for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community, including policies and practices that are welcoming and supportive to both employees and patients. Staff at all levels should be trained to create safe and respectful environments for LGBTQ patients and their families.
River Geomorphology Affects Biogeochemical Responses to Hydrologic Events in a Large River Ecosystem
Authors: Waite T. , Jankowski K. J. , Bruesewitz D. A. , Van Appledorn M. , Johnston M. , Houser J. N. , Baumann D. A. , Bennie B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShifts in the frequency and intensity of high discharge events due to climate change may have important consequences for the hydrology and biogeochemistry of rivers. However, our understanding of event‐scale biogeochemical dynamics in large rivers lags that of small streams. To fill this gap, we used high‐frequency sensor data collected during four consecutive summers from a main channel and backwater site of the Upper Mississippi River. We identified high discharge events and calculated event concentration‐discharge responses for both physical‐chemical (nitrate, turbidity, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter) and biological (chlorophyll‐a and cyanobacteria) constituents using metrics of hysteresis and slope. We found a range of responses across events, particularly for nitrate. Although fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) and turbidity exhibited more consistent responses across events, contrasting hysteresis metrics indicated that FDOM was flushed to the river from more distant sources than turbidity. Biological responses (chlorophyll a and cyanobacteria) differed more between sites than physical and chemical constituents. Lastly, we found that the event characteristics best explaining concentration responses differed between sites, with event magnitude more frequently related to responses in the main channel, and antecedent wetness conditions associated with response variation in the backwater. Our results indicate that event responses in large rivers are distinct across the diverse habitats and biogeochemical components of a large floodplain river, which has implications for local and downstream ecosystems as the climate shifts.
Explaining the Statistical Properties of Salt Intrusion in Estuaries Using a Stochastic Dynamical Modeling Approach
Authors: Dijkstra Henk A. , Biemond Bouke , Lee Jiyong , de Swart Huib E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDetermining the statistical properties of salt intrusion in estuaries on sub‐tidal time scales is a substantial challenge in environmental modeling. To study these properties, we here extend an idealized deterministic salt intrusion model to a stochastic one by including a stochastic model of the river discharge. In the river discharge model, two types of stochastic forcing are used: one independent (additive noise) and one dependent (multiplicative noise) on the river discharge state. Each type of forcing results in a non‐Gaussian response in the salt intrusion length, which we consider here as the distance of the 2 psu isohaline contour to the estuary mouth. The salt intrusion model including both types of stochastic forcing in the river discharge provides a satisfactory explanation of the multi‐year statistics of observed salt intrusion lengths in the San Francisco Bay estuary, in particular for the skewness of its probability density function.
Effects of Snow Water Storage on Hydrologic Partitioning Across the Mountainous, Western United States
Authors: Hale K. E. , Musselman K. N. , Newman A. J. , Livneh B. , Molotch N. P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the montane western United States, where the majority of downstream water resources are derived from snowmelt, a warming climate threatens the timing and amount of future water availability. It is expected that the fraction of precipitation falling as snow will continue decreasing and the timing of snowmelt will continue shifting earlier in the year with unknown impacts on partitioning between evapotranspiration and streamflow. To assess this, we employ a Snow Storage Index (SSI) to represent the annual temporal phase difference between daily precipitation and daily modeled surface water inputs (SWI, the sum of rainfall and snowmelt), weighted by the respective amounts. We coupled the SSI metric with a Budyko‐based framework to determine the effect of snow water storage on relative hydrologic partitioning across snow‐influenced watersheds in the western U.S. Greater snow water storage was positively correlated with greater hydrologic partitioning to streamflow, particularly in the North Cascades/Cascades (r2: 0.62), Blue Mountains (r2: 0.56), Canadian Rockies (r2: 0.55), Idaho Batholith, (r2: 0.48), and Columbia Mountains/Northern Rockies (r2: 0.45). The weekly SWI:P ratio was an equally strong predictor for hydrologic partitioning, particularly in mid‐spring (e.g., March/April) in the same mountainous areas (r2: 0.62–0.74, across the same eco‐regions). The retention of snow water storage and subsequent release of stored water in summer months resulted in increased hydrologic partitioning to streamflow. If SSI decreases with future warming, the volume of water partitioned streamflow will decrease non‐uniformly across the western U.S. with substantial implications for ecosystems and agricultural, industrial, and domestic water supplies.
Development and validation of a knowledge, attitudes and practices questionnaire in the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Belogianni Katerina , Seed Paul Townsend , Lomer Miranda Clare Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
To develop and validate a questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes and practices in the dietary management of IBS.

Subjects/Methods
An initial pool of 151 questions was generated addressing three domains (knowledge, attitudes, practices). Academic/senior clinical dietitians (n = 5) provided written feedback and a focus group (n = 4 gastroenterology dietitians) was undertaken to evaluate content and face validity of the question-items. Items considered irrelevant were removed and the refined questionnaire was administered to dietitians with different levels of IBS experience (n = 154) for further psychometric testing. Item reduction analysis was assessed by item difficulty index, discrimination index and point-biserial correlation. Construct validity was assessed via principal component analysis (PCA) and the ‘known-groups’ method. Internal reliability was assessed by Kuder–Richarson Formula 20 and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and external reliability by interclass correlation coefficient among participants who completed the instrument at baseline and two weeks later (n = 28).

Results
Face and content validity resulted in the removal of 61 items from the initial 151 items. Psychometric testing was applied to the refined 90-item questionnaire administered to participating dietitians, resulting in the final 46-item questionnaire. Six factors were extracted by PCA with varimax rotation explaining 59.2% of the total variance. Partial confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit (χ2/df = 2.11, CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR = 0.05). Significant differences were found in sum scores among dietitians with different levels of IBS experience. Internal reliability was >0.7 for each factor. External reliability was >0.6 for each factor and >0.7 for overall items of each domain.

Conclusion
A validated questionnaire to use in practice and research to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices in the dietary management of IBS has been developed.
PLSCR1 is a cell-autonomous defence factor against SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Xu Dijin , Jiang Weiqian , Wu Lizhen , Gaudet Ryan G. , Park Eui-Soon , Su Maohan , Cheppali Sudheer Kumar , Cheemarla Nagarjuna R. , Kumar Pradeep , Uchil Pradeep D. , Grover Jonathan R. , Foxman Ellen F. , Brown Chelsea M. , Stansfeld Phillip J. , Bewersdorf Joerg , Mothes Walther , Karatekin Erdem , Wilen Craig B. , MacMicking John D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding protective immunity to COVID-19 facilitates preparedness for future pandemics and combats new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerging in the human population. Neutralizing antibodies have been widely studied; however, on the basis of large-scale exome sequencing of protected versus severely ill patients with COVID-19, local cell-autonomous defence is also crucial1–4. Here we identify phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) as a potent cell-autonomous restriction factor against live SARS-CoV-2 infection in parallel genome-wide CRISPR–Cas9 screens of human lung epithelia and hepatocytes before and after stimulation with interferon-γ (IFNγ). IFNγ-induced PLSCR1 not only restricted SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020, but was also effective against the Delta B.1.617.2 and Omicron BA.1 lineages. Its robust activity extended to other highly pathogenic coronaviruses, was functionally conserved in bats and mice, and interfered with the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 in both the endocytic and the TMPRSS2-dependent fusion routes. Whole-cell 4Pi single-molecule switching nanoscopy together with bipartite nano-reporter assays found that PLSCR1 directly targeted SARS-CoV-2-containing vesicles to prevent spike-mediated fusion and viral escape. A PLSCR1 C-terminal β-barrel domain—but not lipid scramblase activity—was essential for this fusogenic blockade. Our mechanistic studies, together with reports that COVID-associated PLSCR1 mutations are found in some susceptible people3,4, identify an anti-coronavirus protein that interferes at a late entry step before viral RNA is released into the host-cell cytosol.
Maximal oxygen uptake prediction from submaximal bicycle ergometry using a differential model
Authors: Petelczyc Monika , Kotlewski Michał , Bruhn Sven , Weippert Matthias 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) estimation has been a subject of research for many years. Cardiorespiratory measurements during incremental tests until exhaustion are considered the golden yard stick to assess VO2max. However, precise VO2max determination based on submaximal tests is attractive for athlete as well for clinical populations. Here, we propose and verify such a method based on experimental data. Using a recently developed model of heart rate (HR) and VO2 kinetics in graded exercise tests, we applied a protocol, which is terminated at 80% of the estimated maximal HR during ergometer cycling. In our approach, initially, formula for maximal HR is selected by retrospective study of a reference population (17 males, 23.5 ± 2.0 years, BMI: 23.9 ± 3.2 kg/m2). Next, the subjects for experimental group were invited (nine subjects of both sexes: 25.1 ± 2.1 years, BMI 23.2 ± 2.2 kg/m2). After calculation of maximal HR using cardiorespiratory recordings from the submaximal test, VO2max is predicted. Finally, we compared the prediction with the values from the maximal exercise test. The differences were quantified by relative errors, which vary from 1.2% up to 13.4%. Some future improvements for the procedure of VO2max prediction are discussed. The experimental protocol may be useful for application in rehabilitation assessment and in certain training monitoring settings, since physical exertion is not a prerequisite and the approach provides an acceptable VO2max estimation accuracy.
Underwater image clarifying based on human visual colour constancy using double‐opponency
Authors: Kong Bin , Qian Jing , Song Pinhao , Yang Jing , Hussain Amir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderwater images are often with biased colours and reduced contrast because of the absorption and scattering effects when light propagates in water. Such images with degradation cannot meet the needs of underwater operations. The main problem in classic underwater image restoration or enhancement methods is that they consume long calculation time, and often, the colour or contrast of the result images is still unsatisfied. Instead of using the complicated physical model of underwater imaging degradation, we propose a new method to deal with underwater images by imitating the colour constancy mechanism of human vision using double‐opponency. Firstly, the original image is converted to the LMS space. Then the signals are linearly combined, and Gaussian convolutions are performed to imitate the function of receptive fields (RFs). Next, two RFs with different sizes work together to constitute the double‐opponency response. Finally, the underwater light is estimated to correct the colours in the image. Further contrast stretching on the luminance is optional. Experiments show that the proposed method can obtain clarified underwater images with higher quality than before, and it spends significantly less time cost compared to other previously published typical methods.
A novel frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar‐based power line detection method exploiting the Bragg angle
Authors: Chen Chunfeng , Hu Changyu , Zhou Jianjiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel power line detection method exploiting the Bragg point of power line is proposed in this paper. First, the radar echo of power line is divided into multi‐band along the frequency dimensional with incomplete repetition at equal intervals. Then, the candidate power lines in the echo of each frequency band can be found exploiting the Hough transform and constant false alarm rate (CFAR). Since the Bragg angle of the power line will change with frequency while that of the artefacts is fixed, the power lines can be easily detected from the background by exploiting unique frequency feature of Bragg angle of power line.
Airborne radar forward‐looking image enhancing algorithm based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Li Fangning , Wu Di , Zhu Daiyin , Shen Mingwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRadar forward‐looking imaging is gaining significance in various applications like battlefield reconnaissance, target surveillance, and precision guidance. Although synthetic aperture radar techniques provide high azimuth resolution but faced limitations in forward‐looking area due to the poor Doppler resolution and the “left‐right” ambiguity problem. Recently, generative adversarial networks have been extensively used for image motion blur removal. This letter proposes an end‐to‐end forward‐looking image enhancing network using generative adversarial network to produce high‐resolution images, improving the efficiency, and quality of imaging. Compared to conventional methods such as the deconvolution‐based methods, this algorithm eliminates the need for design and iterative processes of the observation matrix. Simulated and real radar data validate that this approach offers robust recovery and better performance.
Sizing, economic, and reliability analysis of photovoltaics and energy storage for an off‐grid power system in Jordan
Authors: Seward William , Chi Lixun , Qadrdan Meysam , Allahham Adib , Alawasa Khaled 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRemote areas in Jordan often rely on expensive and polluting diesel generators to meet their electricity demand. This study investigates 100% renewable solutions to supply the electricity demand of off‐grid energy systems through optimal sizing of photovoltaics and energy storage systems. A linear programming approach is proposed to minimise the annualised cost of electricity supply including capital costs of equipment and their operation and maintenance costs. The optimisation determines the size of photovoltaics and energy storage required to satisfy electricity demand at every hour of a selected year. A Jordan campsite was used as a case study to assess and compare the performance of PV‐battery storage and PV‐hydrogen storage systems from economic and reliability perspectives. The results show that hydrogen storage was more economical for a 100% renewable energy system. However, introducing some diesel generation gave the battery system a significantly lower annualised cost of energy.
Research on inter‐turn short‐circuit fault of power transformer by using third harmonic
Authors: Su Zhonghuan , Luo Longfu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe inter‐turn short‐circuit fault of a power transformer has a large current in the winding, which will cause serious heating and deformation of the winding and may threaten the safety of the power transformer. Under this background, this paper proposes a scheme based on open‐delta voltage monitoring and identification of inter‐turn short circuits in power transformers. First, the mathematical modeling and analysis of the principle of inter‐turn short‐circuit monitoring of power transformers are carried out, and the mathematical expression to characterize power transformers with different short‐circuit turns are given. Second, the magnetic field distribution of the power transformer under different short‐circuit conditions, the relationship between the eigenvalue and the number of short‐circuit turns etc. are given. Finally, the experimental study verifies the correctness of the proposed scheme.
A memetic algorithm for high‐strength covering array generation
Authors: Guo Xu , Song Xiaoyu , Zhou Jian‐tao , Wang Feiyu , Tang Kecheng , Wang Zhuowei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCovering array generation (CAG) is the key research problem in combinatorial testing and is an NP‐complete problem. With the increasing complexity of software under test and the need for higher interaction covering strength t, the techniques for constructing high‐strength covering arrays are expected. This paper presents a hybrid heuristic memetic algorithm named QSSMA for high‐strength CAG problem. The sub‐optimal solution acceptance rate is introduced to generate multiple test cases after each iteration to improve the efficiency of constructing high‐covering strength test suites. The QSSMA method could successfully build high‐strength test suites for some instances where t up to 15 within one day cutoff time and report five new best test suite size records. Extensive experiments demonstrate that QSSMA is a competitive method compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods.