bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression of ceramide metabolism enzymes in fat depots of different localization in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Gruzdeva O. V. , Belik E. V. , Dyleva Yu. A. , Uchasova E. G. , Ponasenko A. V. , Kutikhin A. G. , Markova V. E. , Gorbatovskaya E. E. , Fanaskova E. V. , Ivanov S. V. , Stasev A. N. , Zinets M. G. , Slesareva T. A. , Barbarash O. L. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. To assess gene expression of enzymes of the sphingomyelinase pathway of ceramide biosynthesis and degradation in fat depots of various localization in patients with cardiovascular diseases.Material and methods. A total of 38 patients were examined: 20 with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 18 with aortic stenosis/insufficiency. Biopsies of subcutaneous, epicardial, perivascular adipose tissue (AT) (SAT, EAT, PVAT, respectively) were obtained during surgery. The gene expression of sphingomyelinase pathway enzymes (acid and neutral sphingomyelinase SMPD1 and SMPD3) and the degradation of ceramides (acid ceramidase ASAH1; sphingomyelin synthase 1 and 2 SGMS1 and SGMS2) was assessed using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Analysis of the level of corresponding proteins was carried out using immunoblotting (western blotting). Statistical processing was performed using GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software).Results. In CAD, the maximum expression of SMPD1 was observed in subcutaneous and epicardial adipocytes. In acquired heart defects (AHD), the level of SMPD1 mRNA in the SAT was higher than in the PVAT. Expression of the SMPD1 gene in the EAT of patients with CAD was more pronounced than in patients with heart defects. PVAT was characterized by minimal expression of SMPD1 regardless of disease. Expression of SMPD3 had no tissue features in studied groups, while SMPD1 was more expressed in cardiac AT adipocytes than SMPD3. ASAH1 in the EAT of patients with CAD was maximal relative to adipocytes of other localizations. Persons with AHD were characterized by a high expression of ASAH1, regardless of AT localization, exceeding the values of patients with CAD. In CAD, the level of SGMS1 in EAT was higher than in SAT and PVAT, while no differences were found in patients with AHD depending on AT location. SGMS1 gene expression in EAT of patients with CAD was higher than in the group of AHD. Expression of SGMS2 significantly exceeded SGMS1 in both study groups and was maximal in SAT and PVAT adipocytes compared to EAT in the CAD group and in PVAT in the AHD group. Coronary pathology was characterized by a higher level of SGMS2 mRNA in SAT and EAT. The level of ceramide metabolism enzymes in AT of patients corresponded to the expression of their genes.Conclusion. In coronarogenic disease, cardiac AT (mainly epicardial) is characterized not only by increased expression of gene ceramide synthesis enzymes via the sphingomyelinase pathway, but also by activation of ceramide utilization with sphingosine formation. The observed changes may contribute to the accumulation of ceramides and sphingomyelin associated with atherosclerotic processes.
TO THE QUESTION OF GAS FLARE OPTIMAL TEMPERATURE SELECTING ACCORDING TO SATELLITE DATA
Authors: Asadov I. H. , Nurieva L. I. 
Published: May 2023

The problem of calculating the flare temperature of maximal aerosol amount generation is analyzed.
The problem of the optimal choice of the gas flare temperature, at which the aerosol emission of elemental carbon type can be reduced in comparison with the calculated maximal generation level, is formulated and solved. An analytical expression for calculation of flare main indicators, ensuring the maximal level of aerosol generation during hydrocarbon gas combustion is given.
Hydroacoustic Study of a Seismic Swarm in 2016–2017 near the Melville Transform Fault on the Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Ingale Vaibhav Vijay , Bazin Sara , Olive Jean-Arthur , Briais Anne , Royer Jean-Yves 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Hydroacoustic monitoring has become particularly efficient for studying the low-magnitude seismicity occurring at mid-ocean ridges. In 2016–2017, a seismic swarm occurred near the Melville transform fault of the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge in the Indian Ocean. It comprised 258 events in the land-based International Seismological Centre catalog, extending from June 2016 to March 2017. We examined this seismicity using hydroacoustic records from three to nine hydrophones moored in the southern Indian Ocean from the Hydroacoustic Observatory of Seismicity and Biodiversity in the Indian Ocean (OHASISBIO) temporary network and the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization. We detected 27,624 hydroacoustic events spanning 298 days (1 June 2016–25 March 2017) with lower localization and origin time errors. These include several energetic, short-duration impulsive events, which we interpret as due to lava–water interactions on the seafloor. The spatio-temporal distribution of all the detected events does not show clear tectonic mainshock–aftershock sequences and suggests a magmatic origin of the swarm with bursts of seismicity likely caused by dike emplacements.
L’impact du profil de l’entrepreneur sur l’échec entrepreneuriat
Authors: Ben Zarroug Houda , Affes Habib 
Published: May 2023

Les caractéristiques de l’entrepreneur forment sa conception de l’environnement. Elles consistent en des associations que l’individu fait à l’égard d’un objet ou d’un sujet donné. Par exemple, un entrepreneur peut être associé à différents concepts. Certains peuvent considérer qu’il s’agit d’un homme d’action, d’un inventeur alors que d’autres peuvent le voir comme un gestionnaire ou encore quelqu’un qui n’est intéressé que par l’argent. Il en va de même avec l’esprit d’entreprise. L’esprit d’entreprise est une question de mentalité. Il ne s'agit pas seulement de démarrer une entreprise, mais cela peut être perçu comme tel par beaucoup. Franke et Lüthje (2003) ont montré que les motivations sont directement affectées par les caractéristiques spécifiques d'un individu. Par conséquent, l'image de l'homme d'affaires concernant les facteurs affectant le développement de l'entrepreneuriat et les obstacles au démarrage d'une entreprise sont des éléments qui peuvent avoir un impact sur les moteurs et l'attitude générale à l'égard de l'entrepreneuriat. Parmi les seules attitudes et capacités de nature psychologique, il existe un sentiment de peur de l'échec en cas d'engagement. Cette peur de l'échec provient de caractéristiques personnelles et / ou de la société, sans aucun doute, d'une qualité perçue inférieure des opportunités
D'un autre côté, avoir des opportunités est une condition de créativité et une composante essentielle du processus entrepreneurial. Des opportunités peuvent être créées à l'initiative de l'homme d'affaires ou apparaître à partir de son environnement.
Dans tous les cas, il y a une construction de la part de l’entrepreneur pour transformer l’idée d’opportunité en projet de création. Cette attitude des opportunités s’effectue de façon sélective : l’un la percevra alors que l’autre l’ignorera. L’attitude dépend aussi du potentiel de l’entrepreneur ou du candidat à la création d’entreprise. Selon qu’il estime disposer des aptitudes et compétences nécessaires à la création, il percevra davantage d’opportunités et les jugera souvent plus favorablement
Sverdlovsk railway in 1941-1945: contribution to evacuation
Authors: Speranskiy A. 
Published: May 2023

The paper analyses the work of the Sverdlovsk railway divided during the Great Patriotic War into two main lines - the Perm and the Sverdlovsk lines (before 1943 - named after L.M. Kaganovich) to ensure the evacuation of industrial enterprises and population from western territories of the USSR to the eastern regions. The paper also shows the process of conversion of the railway economy to correspond to war requirements and needs and describes measures aimed at overcoming difficulties, such as staff reduction, a poor repair base, lack of locomotives and fuel for them, inconsistency of dispatching services. Particular emphasis is placed on the occurrence of “traffic jams” associated with an increase in the intensity of rail traffic and loading-to-unloading problems that directly affected the effectiveness of the rolling stock.
The paper reveals weaknesses in organization and implementation of transporting civilians to the rear areas. The author found that systematic train schedule delays, inconsistency in the actions of evacuation and railway services generated a lot of everyday problems, e.g. low comfort, poor nutrition, spread of infectious and cold-related diseases and, as a consequence, a high percentage of mortality among evacuated passengers.
Throughout the whole war period, the Soviet authorities intentionally corrected negative moments in the functioning of railway lines. As a result of the adoption of a number of government resolutions followed by the corresponding efficient actions, the “great migration to the East” of industry and a significant part of population from areas subjected to the Nazi invasion was successful. The Sverdlovsk railway fulfilled its tasks with honour making a significant contribution to the evacuation and creation of a powerful military-industrial complex in the Urals.
EPIDEMIOLOGIA DA DIABETES MELLITUS NO BRASIL DE 2018 A 2022
Authors: Santos Segundo Ademir Esperidião , Da Silva Pin Lucio Fernando , Moreira Neves dos Santos Elvins Eugênio , Rangearo Peres Carlos Alberto 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome metabólica de origem múltipla, decorrente da falta de insulina e/ou da incapacidade e/ou falta de insulina exercer adequadamente seus efeitos, caracterizando altas taxa de açúcar no sangue (hiperglicemia) de forma permanente. O DM possui dois tipos: tipo 1 (DM1) e tipo 2 (DM2) Essa doença pode apresentar diversas complicações, dentre elas, a insuficiência renal, amputação de membros inferiores, cegueira e doença cardiovascular. OBJETIVOS: Realizar a arguição do perfil epidemiológico desta patologia no Brasil, entre 2017 e 2022 METODOLOGIA: Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, realizado por meio da coleta de dados anuais referentes ao período entre 2018 até 2022, no Brasil, disponibilizado pelo Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) RESULTADOS: Foram registrados 659.639 casos confirmados por DM sendo homens o sexo mais atingido e idosos o grupo etário com maior prevalência. Região com mais casos de DM, mais óbitos e maior Taxa de Mortalidade foi o Sudeste. Nos 5 anos foram registrados 29.280 óbitos. CONCLUSÃO: Diabetes Mellitus apresenta muitas nuances e particularidades desde os fatores que a desencadeiam e os desencadeados por essa patologia. Por esse motivo o incentivo a melhores hábitos de vida (físicos e alimentares), além do diagnóstico e tratamento precoces são fundamentais para mitigação e erradicação da patologia no país
Estudo epidemiológico da Infecções do Trato Urinário no Tocantins de 2017 a 2021
Authors: Aires Magalhães Seixas Carlos Henrique A , Cavalcante Soares Gabriel José , Carvalho de Aguiar Guilherme Elias , Nader Ferreira Pedro Eduardo 
Published: May 2023

Introdução: Transtorno do trato urinário é caracterizada pela presença de agente infeccioso na urina. Já a cistite é uma infecção e/ou inflamação da bexiga. Tanto Transtorno do Trato Urinário quanto a cistite caracterizam Infecção do Trato Urinário. O diagnóstico clínico é feito com base no raciocínio clínico e diagnóstico laboratorial. Objetivos: realizar uma arguição epidemiológica das internações por Infecções do Trato Urinário no Tocantins de 2017 a 2021 Metodologia: estudo epidemiológico descritivo, realizado por meio da coleta de dados anuais referentes ao período de 2017 a 2021, no estado do Tocantins (TO), disponibilizado pelo Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH). Resultados: Nos 5 anos de análise foram registrados 1.495 casos. Adultos com 63,87% dos registros foi o grupo etário mais acometido, sendo que mulheres com 87,49% foi o sexo mais atingido. Capim dourado foi a região de saúde com mais notificações (34,51%). Conclusão: as Infecções do Trato Urinário têm suas peculiaridades o que dificulta seu tratamento, nesse viés políticas públicas e estratégias governamentais são precípuos
Palavras-chave: Cistite. Trato urinário. Epidemiologia. Transtorno
Prognosis of Adverse Outcomes in the Research of Coronary Blood Flow During Echocardiography
Authors: Kalinina E. S. , Zagatina A. V. , Sayganov S. A. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. The goals of this research are to define the frequency of the coronary arteries visualization possibilities depending on various factors at routine echocardiography and estimate to the relation of coronary flow ultrasound parameters to prognosis of the adverse outcomes in the subsequent year.Material and methods. The study comprises 581 consecutive patients. All patients performed echocardiography following standard method with an additional tab called «Coronary» which was set to visualize coronary arteries. Also all patients underwent a standard examination and debriefing of anamnesis. Observation of patients was the next year after echocardiography. The end points in the study – death from any cause, myocardial infarction (MI), death/ MI, myocardial revascularization operations - stenting and aortocoronary bypass (CABG). The analysis of clinical outcomes was carried out using the study of medical history and outpatient cards, interviewing patients at the time of admission, as well as the method of telephone survey of patients or their next of kin. ROC analysis as well as subgroup survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method was performed.Results. The possibility to visualize the segments of coronary arteries and to estimate the coronary flow was in 91% of cases, or 526 patients. Women predominated among the patients (59.7% versus 40.3%). During follow-up, 73 patients recorded endpoints: 23 people died, 4 patients suffered non-fatal MI. 24 patients underwent CABG, 22 patients – myocardial revascularization. Depending on the quartile distribution by body mass index and age, a significant difference in visualization was not identified. Mortality was observed significantly more frequent when the flow velocity in the left coronary artery/proximal left artery descending/circumflex artery was higher than 64 cm/s. Flow velocity in left coronary artery /proximal left artery descending 64 cm/s was the cut-off value predicting MI with 100% sensitivity, 73,4% specificity (p<0.0001). Conclusion. Coronary flow velocity parameters provide long-term prognostic value that can be used to identify individuals with high risk of developing adverse cardiovascular events. Key words: coronary flow velocity, echocardiography, coronary artery, adverse events>˂0.0001).Conclusion. Coronary flow velocity parameters provide long-term prognostic value that can be used to identify individuals with high risk of developing adverse cardiovascular events.
Evolution of CHA2DS2-VASc Score for Predicting Risk of Stroke Development in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rubanenko A. O. 
Published: May 2023

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with dramatic increasing of stroke risk. Development of this serious complication is accompanied by high mortality and disability. Nowadays we know many different scores that predict stroke risk,butthe most popular is CHA2DS2-VASc risk score. At the same time, this score does not have high predictive accuracyand that is why a lot of modifications with inclusion/deletion of different indicators were introduced.The aim of this review was to estimate the different modifications of CHADS2 и CHA2DS2-VASc scores in predicting stroke risk in patients with AF. In this review R2CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc-R, CHA2DS2-VA, mCHA2DS2-VASc and CHA2DS2-VAK scores are evaluated with the use of C-statistics and net reclassification index compared to the original CHA2DS2-VASc score. The search of studies was performed according to PubMed database (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) from 2011 until 2021 years. In this review were included studies written in English with free full text. Literature reviews, books, abstracts books, studies performed on less than 900 patients and studies without C-statistics data available were excluded from this review. Despite of the numerous attempts to improve the quality of CHA2DS2-VASc score, existing modifications nowadays could not become more popular in clinical practice. At the same time, developing of the new score systems, that will have better predictive values in stroke prognosis than CHA2DS2-VASc score, is still an actual problem in modern cardiology.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Treatment
Authors: Eshmatov O. R. , Khlynin M. S. , Batalov R. E. , Archakov E. A. , Kisteneva I. V. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic therapy in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter treatment during 36 months of follow-up.Material and methods. The retrospective observational study included 592 patients (283 men) who underwent catheter treatment of AF, aged 26 to 86 years (median age was 61.0 [55; 67]) with paroxysmal AF, treated in cardiac arrhythmias department of the Institute of Cardiology of Tomsk National Research Medical Center from 01.01.2017 to 31.12.2019. All patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups: the first group consisted of patients with effective AF ablation, the second - with ineffective AF ablation. During follow-up after 12, 24 and 36 months, patients' complaints, documented arrhythmia recurrences, adherence to the prescribed treatment, and adverse clinical events were taken into account.Results. In patients with paroxysmal AF, the effectiveness of catheter treatment was 73.1% after 12 months of follow-up, 69.3% – after 24 months, 71.6% – after 36 months. The analysis of our data showed that during the follow-up period of 36 months, the incidence of ischemic stroke against the background of anticoagulant therapy and effective catheter treatment of paroxysmal AF was significantly lower than in patients with unsuccessful ablation (0.3% (n=1) and 3.7% (n=4), respectively), even despite the fact that not all patients from the first group received prescribed medication.Conclusion. The use of anticoagulant therapy in patients with paroxysmal AF after interventional treatment is safe, since the invasive strategy in combination with anticoagulant therapy does not increase the risk of major and minor bleeding, and in the case of effective intervention allows statistically significantly reduce the risk of ischemic stroke and almost completely eliminate the likelihood of other thromboemolic complications.
sVCAM-1 as a Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction associated with Severe Course of a Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19)
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Pokrovskaya A. E. , Vanina D. D. , Shvedov I. I. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. To study the association of the level of endothelial dysfunction marker sVCAM-1 with the severe course of COVID-19.Material and methods. The study included 100 patients with COVID-19, who were divided into 3 groups depending on the degree of lung damage based on the results of computed tomography (CT): group CT 1 – 29 patients, group CT 2 – 61 patients and the group CT 3 – 10 patients. In addition to the standard examination performed for coronavirus infection, all patients underwent carotid Doppler ultrasound, analysis of arterial stiffness indices (CAVI, ABI) using the VaSera device, and evaluation of the plasma sVCAM-1 concentration by ELISA.Results. The plasma sVCAM-1 concentration was significantly higher in the groups of patients with moderately severe (CT 2) and severe (CT 3) lung lesions than in patients with mild lesions (CT 1). In the general group of patients significant correlations were found between the plasma sVCAM-1 concentration and the level of oxygen saturation (r=-0.39, p=0.032), hospital length of stay (r=0.24, p=0.026), values of C-reactive protein (r=0.25, p=0.042), ferritin (r=0.38, p=0.021), LDH (r=0.52, p=0.015) , as well as the percentage of pulmonary involvement according to CT data at admission (r=0.41, p=0.019) and on the day of discharge (r=0.35, p=0.022). According to multivariate regression analysis, sVCAM-1 does not depend upon gender, age, body mass index (BMI), the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, and is a marker associated with cytokine storm progression, intermediate negative dynamics according to CT data, and need for respiratory support. The presence of type 2 diabetes, as well as elevated sVCAM-1 concentrations, is associated with an increased risk of high-dose glucocorticosteroid therapy. The threshold levels of this marker were calculated for each of the above events. We revealed a correlation between the sVCAM-1 concentration and the carotid intimal medial thickness in the general group of patients (r=0.25, p=0.036).Conclusion. An increase in the plasma sVCAM-1 concentration reflects the progression of endothelial dysfunction, one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The latter necessitates the need for endothelium protective therapy for these patients. The evaluation of sVCAM-1 in blood plasma is a promising diagnostic technique aimed at predicting the risk of a severe course of COVID-19 and its long-term health hazards.
Secondary Prevention and Quality of Life of Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Zharkova E. D. , Lukina Yu. V. , Kutishenko N. P. , Huseynova E. T. , Zolotareva N. P. , Martsevich S. Yu. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: May 2023

Aim. To assess the quality of life of patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) initially and 12 months after drug and non-drug secondary prophylaxis according to clinical guidelines.Material and methods. 73 patients (57 men, 16 women) with confirmed stable coronary artery disease were included in the study, of which 44 patients described a clinic for angina pectoris of functional class I-IV. The study included 2 patient visits: an initial treatment visit (V0) and a repeat visit after 12 months (V2). At both visits, blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), quality of life (QL) were assessed using SAQ (Seattle Angina Questionnaire), drug therapy. Compliance with 5 basic principles of prevention was also assessed, which included: (1) healthy lifestyle (healthy lifestyle) (rejection of bad habits (smoking), moderate physical activity, lowcholesterol and low-carb diet); (2) normalization of body weight; (3) optimal drug therapy (the frequency of taking medications was evaluated using the original questionnaire); (4) achievement of target values of LDL-c in the entire group; (5) blood pressure in hypertensive patients. During V0, if necessary, drug therapy was adjusted in accordance with clinical recommendations. During V2, 57 patients (47 men and 10 women) were examined. The response was 80.8%.Results. After 12 months of follow-up, a statistically significant improvement in exercise tolerance (p=0.003), angina stability index (p=0.045) and the frequency of stress angina attacks (p=0.003) was noted when assessing the median of QL indicators. After 12 months of follow-up, 59% of patients used optimal drug therapy, including 4 drugs according to clinical guidelines. A healthy lifestyle (regular physical activity and smoking cessation) was achieved in 20.4% after 12 months of follow-up, the target level of LDL-c ˂ 1.8 mmol/L was achieved in 44.5% of patients, and the target blood pressure was achieved in 74,6%. The achievement of all 5 principles of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease according to the results of the work carried out by the visit after 12 months of follow-up was revealed only in 7% of patients (4 patients), and the implementation of 4 principles of prevention was noted in a quarter of patients from the group (24.5%, n=14).Conclusions. With drug and non-drug secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in patients with stable CHD after a year of follow-up, a statistically significant increase in QL indicators was noted due to increased exercise tolerance and a decrease in the frequency of angina attacks. Nevertheless, the basic principles of prevention were fully implemented only in 7% of patients.