bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bile duct injury after cholecystectomy: timing of surgical repair should be based on clinical presentation. The experience of a tertiary referral center with Hepp-Couinaud hepatico-jejunostomy
Authors: Giuliante Felice , Panettieri Elena , De Rose Agostino M. , Murazio Marino , Vellone Maria , Mele Caterina , Clemente Gennaro , Giovannini Ivo , Nuzzo Gennaro , Ardito Francesco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImpact of timing of repair on outcomes of patients repaired with Hepp-Couinaud hepatico-jejunostomy (HC-HJ) after bile duct injury (BDI) during cholecystectomy remains debated. This is an observational retrospective study at a tertiary referral hepato-biliary center. HC-HJ was always performed in patients without sepsis or bile leak and with dilated bile ducts. Timing of repair was classified as: early (≤ 2 weeks), intermediate (> 2 weeks, ≤ 6 weeks), and delayed (> 6 weeks). 114 patients underwent HC-HJ between 1994 and 2022: 42.1% underwent previous attempts of repair at referring institutions (Group A) and 57.9% were referred without any attempt of repair before referral (Group B). Overall, a delayed HC-HJ was performed in 78% of patients; intermediate and early repair were performed in 17% and 6%, respectively. In Group B, 10.6% of patients underwent an early, 27.3% an intermediate, and 62.1% a delayed repair. Postoperative mortality was nil. Median follow-up was 106.7 months. Overall primary patency (PP) attainment rate was 94.7%, with a 5- and 10-year actuarial primary patency (APP) of 84.6% and 84%, respectively. Post-repair bile leak was associated with PP loss in the entire population (odds ratio [OR] 9.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64–57.87, p = 0.012); no correlation of PP loss with timing of repair was noted. Treatment of anastomotic stricture (occurred in 15.3% of patients) was performed with percutaneous treatment, achieving absence of biliary symptoms in 93% and 91% of cases at 5 and 10 years, respectively. BDI can be successfully repaired by HC-HJ regardless of timing when surgery is performed in stable patients with dilated bile ducts and without bile leak.
Cohomology Rings of Toric Bundles and the Ring of Conditions
Authors: Hofscheier Johannes , Khovanskii Askold , Monin Leonid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe celebrated BKK Theorem expresses the number of roots of a system of generic Laurent polynomials in terms of the mixed volume of the corresponding system of Newton polytopes. In Pukhlikov and Khovanskiĭ (Algebra i Analiz 4(4):188–216, 1992), Pukhlikov and the second author noticed that the cohomology ring of smooth projective toric varieties over$${\mathbb {C}}$$Ccan be computed via the BKK Theorem. This complemented the known descriptions of the cohomology ring of toric varieties, like the one in terms of Stanley–Reisner algebras. In Sankaran and Uma (Comment Math Helv 78(3):540–554, 2003), Sankaran and Uma generalized the “Stanley–Reisner description” to the case of toric bundles, i.e., equivariant compactifications of (not necessarily algebraic) torus principal bundles. We provide a description of the cohomology ring of toric bundles which is based on a generalization of the BKK Theorem, and thus extends the approach by Pukhlikov and the second author. Indeed, for every cohomology class of the base of the toric bundle, we obtain a BKK-type theorem. Furthermore, our proof relies on a description of graded-commutative algebras which satisfy Poincaré duality. From this computation of the cohomology ring of toric bundles, we obtain a description of the ring of conditions of horospherical homogeneous spaces as well as a version of Brion–Kazarnovskii theorem for them. We conclude the manuscript with a number of examples. In particular, we apply our results to toric bundles over a full flag varietyG/B. The description that we get generalizes the corresponding description of the cohomology ring of toric varieties as well as the one of full flag varietiesG/Bpreviously obtained by Kaveh (J Lie Theory 21(2):263–283, 2011).
Postmenopausale Hormonersatztherapie: Anleitung für die Praxis!
Authors: Lerchbaum Elisabeth 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungBis zu 85 % aller peri- bzw. postmenopausalen Frauen leiden unter klimakterischen Beschwerden wie Hitzewallungen, Schlafstörungen, depressiver Verstimmung, Herzbeschwerden und urogenitalen Problemen. Dennoch erhalten nur ca. 3 % eine menopausale Hormonsersatztherapie (MHT), was in erster Linie auf die Veröffentlichung der Women’s Health Initiative (WHI)-Studie 2002 zurückzuführen ist, in welcher ein Zusammenhang zwischen der MHT und einem erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risiko sowie einem höheren Risiko für ein invasives Mammakarzinom gezeigt wurde. Dazu ist kritisch anzumerken, dass die Frauen zum Zeitpunkt des Therapiestarts im Schnitt 63 Jahre alt waren und mit einem synthetischen Gestagen behandelt wurden. Bei Frauen < 60 Jahren konnte u. a. eine Risikoreduktion für Kolonkarzinome, Frakturen, Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und die Mortalität gezeigt werden. Der Therapiestart einer MHT bei Frauen bis zu 60 Jahren bzw. innerhalb von 10 Jahren nach der letzten Menses scheint aus heutiger Sicht sicher und effektiv zu sein, als Indikation sind klimakterische Beschwerden zu sehen. Zur Anwendung kommt eine Kombinationstherapie aus 17β-Östradiol (oral oder transdermal) und einem natürlichen Progesteron (als zyklische oder kontinuierliche Therapie), von synthetischen Gestagenen ist aufgrund des ungünstigeren Nutzen-Risiko-Profils abzuraten. Eine Östrogenmonotherapie sollte nur bei Frauen nach einer Hysterektomie erfolgen. Wenn die letzte Menses bereits im Alter von < 45 Jahren (frühe Menopause) oder < 40 Jahren (vorzeitige Menopause) erfolgt ist, dann sollte eine Hormonersatztherapie (HRT) erfolgen. Für diese besteht eine klare Indikation auch zur Prävention chronischer Krankheiten wie z. B. kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und einer Osteoporose.
Vision-guided robot application for metal surface edge grinding
Authors: Li Chunlei , Dun Xiaofeng , Li Liang , Nan Rui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe combination of machine vision and grinding robots can be visualized as a collaboration between human eyes and limbs to achieve a deep integration between external perception and execution actions. This combination will give the grinding robot more operability and flexibility, which will enable it to better realize the purpose of replacing humans with machines. In response to the demand for flexible grinding of titanium surface edges proposed by a titanium manufacturer, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the prototype system of vision-guided grinding robots and related applications. Firstly, this study analyzes the shortcomings of the existing robotic regrinding process and achieves the improvement of the regrinding process by introducing machine vision technology. Subsequently, this study further utilizes machine vision and image processing algorithms to achieve high-quality recognition and high-precision positioning of metal surface edges. Then, the D–H parameter model of the regrinding robot is established, and the planning and simulation of the regrinding trajectory is carried out using the position information of the identified regrinding edges. Finally, the simulation-validated grinding trajectory is introduced into the grinding robot, and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by actual grinding experiments.
Data re-uploading with a single qudit
Authors: Wach Noah L. , Rudolph Manuel S. , Jendrzejewski Fred , Schmitt Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuantum two-level systems, i.e., qubits, form the basis for most quantum machine learning approaches that have been proposed throughout the years. However, higher dimensional quantum systems constitute a promising alternative and are increasingly explored in theory and practice. Here, we explore the capabilities of multi-level quantum systems, so-called qudits, for their use in a quantum machine learning context. We formulate classification and regression problems with the data re-uploading approach and demonstrate that a quantum circuit operating on a single qudit is able to successfully learn highly non-linear decision boundaries of classification problems such as the MNIST digit recognition problem. We demonstrate that the performance strongly depends on the relation between the qudit states representing the labels and the structure of labels in the training data set. Such a bias can lead to substantial performance improvement over qubit-based circuits in cases where the labels, the qudit states, and the operators employed to encode the data are well-aligned. Furthermore, we elucidate the influence of the choice of the elementary operators and show that a squeezing operator is necessary to achieve good performances. We also show that there exists a trade-off for qudit systems between the number of circuit-generating operators in each processing layer and the total number of layers needed to achieve a given accuracy. Finally, we compare classification results from numerically exact simulations and their equivalent implementation on actual IBM quantum hardware. The findings of our work support the notion that qudit-based algorithms exhibit attractive traits and constitute a promising route to increasing the computational capabilities of quantum machine learning approaches.
Advances in deep concealed scene understanding
Authors: Fan Deng-Ping , Ji Ge-Peng , Xu Peng , Cheng Ming-Ming , Sakaridis Christos , Van Gool Luc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConcealed scene understanding (CSU) is a hot computer vision topic aiming to perceive objects exhibiting camouflage. The current boom in terms of techniques and applications warrants an up-to-date survey. This can help researchers better understand the global CSU field, including both current achievements and remaining challenges. This paper makes four contributions: (1) For the first time, we present a comprehensive survey of deep learning techniques aimed at CSU, including a taxonomy, task-specific challenges, and ongoing developments. (2) To allow for an authoritative quantification of the state-of-the-art, we offer the largest and latest benchmark for concealed object segmentation (COS). (3) To evaluate the generalizability of deep CSU in practical scenarios, we collected the largest concealed defect segmentation dataset termed CDS2K with the hard cases from diversified industrial scenarios, on which we constructed a comprehensive benchmark. (4) We discuss open problems and potential research directions for CSU.
Farming Under Drought: An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Farmers’ Multiple Adoption of Water Conservation Practices to Mitigate Farm-Level Water Scarcity
Authors: Apio Alfred Tunyire , Thiam Djiby Racine , Dinar Ariel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the factors that drive farmers’ simultaneous adoption of six water conservation practices (WCPs) and the intensity of their adoption. We estimate farmers’ adoption of these WCPs with a multivariate probit model, and for the intensity of their adoption, an ordered probit model is estimated. Our results show that gender, age, education, and farm size (among other factors) influence the probability and extent of adoption of WCPs. Furthermore, combinations like drip and/or sprinkler irrigations and cover cropping, drip and/or sprinkler irrigations and intercropping (among others) are complements, suggesting the bundling of these WCPs.
Topographic modulation of outlet glaciers in Greenland: a review
Authors: Catania Ginny , Felikson Denis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBed topography is a critical parameter for determining the modern-day and future dynamics of ice sheets and their outlet glaciers. This is because the topography controls the state of stress for glaciers. At glacier termini, topography can influence the timing of terminus retreat by controlling access to warm ocean waters and/or by influencing the ability of a glacier terminus to retreat over bed bumps (moraines). Inland from the terminus, the topography can also influence where glacier retreat and thinning can stabilize. In part, this is because of knickpoints in bed topography created through glacial erosion that may influence the extent to which thinning can diffuse inland for an individual glacier and thus, the timing and magnitude of long-term mass loss. Here we provide a review of the current literature on these topics. While much of the reviewed literature assumes that topography is stable on relevant timescales to humans, new research suggests that topography may change much faster than previously thought and this further complicates our ability to project future outlet glacier change.
On the kernel of the -Generalized fourier transform
Authors: Gorbachev Dmitry , Ivanov Valerii , Tikhonov Sergey 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
For the kernel

$B_{\kappa ,a}(x,y)$

of the

$(\kappa ,a)$

-generalized Fourier transform

$\mathcal {F}_{\kappa ,a}$

, acting in

$L^{2}(\mathbb {R}^{d})$

with the weight

$|x|^{a-2}v_{\kappa }(x)$

, where

$v_{\kappa }$

is the Dunkl weight, we study the important question of when

$\|B_{\kappa ,a}\|_{\infty }=B_{\kappa ,a}(0,0)=1$

. The positive answer was known for

$d\ge 2$

and

$\frac {2}{a}\in \mathbb {N}$

. We investigate the case

$d=1$

and

$\frac {2}{a}\in \mathbb {N}$

. Moreover, we give sufficient conditions on parameters for

$\|B_{\kappa ,a}\|_{\infty }>1$

to hold with

$d\ge 1$

and any a.
We also study the image of the Schwartz space under the

$\mathcal {F}_{\kappa ,a}$

transform. In particular, we obtain that

$\mathcal {F}_{\kappa ,a}(\mathcal {S}(\mathbb {R}^d))=\mathcal {S}(\mathbb {R}^d)$

only if

$a=2$

. Finally, extending the Dunkl transform, we introduce nondeformed transforms generated by

$\mathcal {F}_{\kappa ,a}$

and study their main properties.
A mixed methods evaluation of a World Health Organization competency-based training package for foundational helping skills among pre-service and in-service health workers in Nepal, Peru and Uganda
Authors: Pedersen Gloria A. , Shrestha Pragya , Akellot Josephine , Sepulveda Alejandra , Luitel Nagendra P. , Kasujja Rosco , Contreras Carmen , Galea Jerome T. , Moran Leydi , Neupane Vibha , Rimal Damodar , Schafer Alison , Kohrt Brandon A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Health systems globally demand more competent workers but lack competency-based training programs to reach their goals. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a competency-based curriculum (EQUIP-FHS) for trainers and supervisors to teach foundational helping knowledge, attitudes and skills, guided by the WHO/UNICEF EQUIP platform, to improve the competency of in-service and pre-service workers from various health and other service sectors. A mixed-methods, uncontrolled before-and-after trial was conducted in Nepal, Peru, and Uganda from 2020 to 2021. Trainees’ (N = 150) competency data were collected during 13 FHS trainings. Paired t-tests assessed pre- to post-change in ENACT competency measures (e.g., harmful, helpful). Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. EQUIP-FHS trainings, on average, were 20 h in duration. Harmful behaviors significantly decreased, and helpful behaviors significantly increased, across and within sites from pre-to post-training. Qualitatively, trainees and trainers promoted the training and highlighted difficult competencies and areas for scaling the training. A brief competency-based curriculum on foundational helping delivered through pre-service or in-service training can reduce the risk that healthcare workers and other service providers display harmful behaviors. We recommend governmental and nongovernmental organizations implement competency-based approaches to enhance the quality of their existing workforce programming and be one step closer to achieving the goal of quality healthcare around the globe.
Robustness of energy landscape controllers for spin rings under coherent excitation transport
Authors: O’Neil Sean P. , Langbein Frank C. , Jonckheere Edmond , Shermer Sophie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The design and analysis of controllers to regulate excitation transport in quantum spin rings presents challenges in the application of classical feedback control techniques to synthesize effective control and generates results in contradiction to the expectations of classical control theory. This paper examines the robustness of controllers designed to optimize the fidelity of an excitation transfer to uncertainty in system and control parameters. We use the logarithmic sensitivity of the fidelity error as the robustness measure, drawing on the classical control analog of the sensitivity of the tracking error. Our analysis shows that quantum systems optimized for coherent transport demonstrate significantly different correlation between error and the log-sensitivity depending on whether the controller is optimized for readout at an exact time T or over a time-window T ± Δ/2.
Multi-phase ecological change on Indian subcontinent from the late Miocene to Pleistocene recorded in the Nicobar Fan
Authors: House Brian , Pickering Kevin T. , Norris Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModern grasslands on the Indian subcontinent, North and South America, and East Africa expanded widely during the late Miocene – earliest Pleistocene, likely in response to increasing aridity. Grasses utilizing the C4 photosynthetic pathway are more tolerant of high temperatures and dry conditions, and because they induce less C isotope fractionation than plants using the C3 pathway, the expansion of C4 grasslands can be traced through the δ13C of organic matter in soils and terrigenous marine sediments. We present a high-resolution record of the elemental and isotopic composition of bulk organic matter in the Nicobar Fan sediments from IODP Site U1480, off western Sumatra, to elucidate the timing and pace of the C3–C4 plant transition within the ∼1.5 × 106 km2 catchments of the Ganges/Brahmaputra river system, which continue to supply voluminous Himalaya-derived sediments to the Bay of Bengal. Using a multi-proxy approach to correct for the effects of marine organic matter and account for major sources of uncertainty, we recognize two phases of C4 expansion starting at ∼7.1 Ma, and at ∼3.5 Ma, with a stepwise transition at ∼2.5 Ma. These intervals appear to coincide with periods of Indian Ocean and East Asian monsoon intensification, as well as the expansion of Northern Hemisphere glaciation starting at ∼2.7 Ma. Our data from the deep sea for a multi-phased C4 expansion on the Indian subcontinent are in agreement with terrestrial data from the Indian Siwaliks.
PREDISTRIBUTION AGAINST RENT-SEEKING: THE BENEFIT PRINCIPLE’S ALTERNATIVE TO REDISTRIBUTIVE TAXATION
Authors: Delmotte Charles 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe distributive justice literature has recently formulated several tax proposals, with limitarians or property-owning democrats proposing new or higher taxes on wealth or capital income intended to decrease the growing wealth gap. This essay joins this debate on inequality and redistributive taxation through the lens of the “benefit principle for public policy.” This principle says that specific rules and institutions are acceptable to the extent that they create benefits for all individuals in society, or at least don’t make anyone worse off. This benefit principle opposes wealth accumulation to the extent that wealth was generated through rent-seeking—that is, income unrelated to economic productivity, which is not embedded in mutually beneficial exchanges. I maintain, however, that ruling out rent-seeking requires not ex post taxation, but primarily a more “predistributive corrective policy,” that is, reconfiguration of market institutions to prevent wealth accumulation through rent-seeking in the first place. The alternative response is, thus, not to tackle inequality as such but to reform the market to promote the occurrence of mutually beneficial exchange.
DEATH AND TAXES: A LIBERTARIAN REAPPRAISAL
Authors: Fleischer Miranda Perry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImagine two friends. Anna inherits nothing and works for every penny she has, while Mary inherits millions. How should a world that respects individual autonomy and private property rights treat Anna’s earnings and Mary’s inheritance? Should it tax them the same, or tax one more heavily than the other? If the latter, which one? The conventional wisdom holds that although some “right” libertarian theories justify taxing income, none justify taxing inheritances. Such taxes are “expropriations” and “an especially cruel injury” that “run[] roughshod over [a] deceased’s interest in the ends his property will serve.” This essay explores the standard libertarian objections to taxing gifts and bequests and argues that libertarians overstate their case when distinguishing the taxation of gratuitous transfers from other types of taxation. At minimum, the benefit theory of taxation embraced by many minimal statists and classical liberals mandates that the receipt of gifts and bequests should be taxed to the recipient. Moreover, the goals of curbing inherited political power and preventing wealthy families from insulating their members from market competition provide two additional explanations for why taxing inheritances to recipients is compatible with classical liberal values.
The Dichotomy of Wet and Dry Trends Over India by Aerosol Indirect Effects in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Rai Pradeep Kumar , Sarangi Chandan , Arun N. , Kuiry S. N. , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAerosol‐cloud interactions, also known as aerosol indirect effect (AIE), substantially impact rainfall frequency and intensity. Here, we analyze NEX‐GDDP, a multimodel ensemble of high‐resolution (0.25°) historical simulations and future projections statistically downscaled from 21 CMIP5 models, to quantify the importance of AIE on extreme climate indices, specifically consecutive dry days (CDD), consecutive wet days (CWD), and simple daily intensity index (SDII). The 21 NEX‐GDDP CMIP5 models are classified into models with reliable (REM) and unreliable (UREM) monsoon climate simulated over India based on their simulations of the climate indices. The REM group is further decomposed based on whether the models represent only the direct (REMADE) or the direct and indirect (REMALL) aerosol effects. Compared to REMADE, including all aerosol effects significantly improves the model skills in simulating the observed historical trends of all three climate indices over India. Specifically, AIE enhances dry days and reduces wet days in India in the historical period, consistent with the observed changes. However, by the middle and end of the 21st century, there is a relative decrease in dry days and an increase in wet days and precipitation intensity. Moreover, the REMALL simulated future CWD and CDD changes are mostly opposite to those in REMADE, indicating the substantial role of AIE in the future projection of dry and wet climates. These findings underscore the crucial role of AIE in future projections of the Indian hydroclimate and motivate efforts to accurately represent AIE in climate models.