bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The applications of hybrid approach combining exact method and evolutionary algorithm in combinatorial optimization
Authors: Duan Suling , Jiang Shanlin , Dai Huan , Wang Luping , He Zhenan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Combinatorial optimization problems have very important applications in information technology, transportation, economics, management, network communication, and other fields. Since the problem size in real-scenario application is in large-scale, the demand for real-time and efficient solving approaches increases rapidly. The traditional exact methods guarantee the optimality of the final solution, but these methods can hardly solve the problem in acceptable time due to extremely high computational costs. Heuristic approaches can find feasible solutions in a limited time, while these approaches cannot meet the demand of solution quality. In recent years, hybrid algorithms based on exact methods and heuristic algorithms show outstanding performance in solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. The hybridization not only overcomes the shortcomings from single algorithm but also fully utilizes the search ability for population-based approaches as well as the interpretability in exact methods, which promotes the application of combinatorial optimization in real-world problems. This paper reviews existing studies on hybrid algorithms combining exact method and evolutionary computation, summarizes the characteristics of the existing algorithms, and directs the future research.
Experimental study on the receiving piezoelectric vibrator of azimuthal acoustic logging
Authors: Lu Junqiang , Men Baiyong , Che Xiaohua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The performance of the azimuthal receiving piezoelectric vibrator has a major impact on the azimuthal acoustic logging tool. The evaluation of the performance and selective preference of piezoelectric vibrators through experimental methods will help improve the measurement accuracy of the tool. A heating tester was developed to test the static capacitance, resonant frequency, admittance and receiving amplitude of the vibrator at different temperatures. Far-field underwater acoustic tests were used to analyse the peak-to-peak amplitude, sensitivity and −3 dB angle of the vibrator and to determine the amplitude correction coefficients of each vibrator. The horizontal directivity of the azimuthally receiving phased subarray was also tested. Compared with the values at room temperature, the resonant frequency of the piezoelectric vibrator decreases by 9.20%, the static capacitance increases by 21.33% and the amplitude increases by 5.29% at a high temperature of 155°C. The underwater acoustic test showed that the main lobe of the receiving directional characteristic of the vibrator is symmetrical along the 0° main maximum direction, the −3 dB angle of the main lobe is 115°–142° and the average sensitivity level is −209.38 dB. The −3 dB angle of the receiving subarray is 66° and 60° without and with phase delay, respectively, and the energy of the received waveform is significantly increased. The piezoelectric vibrator can function stably at high temperatures, and its performance can be recovered after heating. It has good azimuthal resolution and high sensitivity, but the amplitude response has some discretion which needs to be corrected.
Efficacy of regional anesthesia in hip preservation surgeries: a systematic review
Authors: Banks Evan M , Ayisi Jake A , Feroe Aliya G , Alrayashi Walid , Yen Yi-Meng , Novais Eduardo N , Hassan Mahad M 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to review the current literature on perioperative pain management in hip arthroscopy, periacetabular osteotomy and surgical hip dislocation. A systematic review of the literature published from January 2000 to December 2022 was performed. Selection criteria included published randomized controlled trials, prospective reviews and retrospective reviews of all human subjects undergoing hip preservation surgery. Exclusion criteria included case reports, animal studies and studies not reporting perioperative pain control protocols. Thirty-four studies included hip arthroscopy in which peripheral nerve blocks were associated with a significant reduction in pain score (P = 0.037) compared with general anesthesia alone. However, no pain control modality was associated with a significant difference in postanesthesia care unit opioid use (P = 0.127) or length of stay (P = 0.251) compared with general anesthesia alone. Falls were the most common complication reported, accounting for 37% of all complications. Five studies included periacetabular osteotomy and surgical hip dislocation in which peripheral nerve blocks were associated with an 18% reduction in pain on postoperative Day 2, a 48% reduction in cumulative opioid use on postoperative Day 2 and a 40% reduction in hospital stay. Due to the low sample size of the periacetabular osteotomy and surgical hip dislocation studies, we were unable to determine the significant difference between the means. Due to significant between-study heterogeneity, additional studies with congruent outcome measures need to be conducted to determine the efficacy of regional anesthesia in hip arthroscopy, periacetabular osteotomy and surgical hip dislocation.
Versatile microbial communities rapidly assimilate ammonium hydroxide-treated plastic waste
Authors: Schaerer Laura G , Wood Emily , Aloba Sulihat , Byrne Emily , Bashir M Aamir , Baruah Kaushik , Schumann Elizabeth , Umlor Libby , Wu Ruochen , Lee Hyeonseok , Orme Christopher J , Wilson Aaron D , Lacey Jeffrey A , Ong Rebecca G , Techtmann Stephen M 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWaste plastic presently accumulates in landfills or the environment. While natural microbial metabolisms can degrade plastic polymers, biodegradation of plastic is very slow. This study demonstrates that chemical deconstruction of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with ammonium hydroxide can replace the rate limiting step (depolymerization) and by producing plastic-derived terephthalic acid and terephthalic acid monoamide. The deconstructed PET (DCPET) is neutralized with phosphoric acid prior to bioprocessing, resulting in a product containing biologically accessible nitrogen and phosphorus from the process reactants. Three microbial consortia obtained from compost and sediment degraded DCPET in ultrapure water and scavenged river water without addition of nutrients. No statistically significant difference was observed in growth rate compared to communities grown on DCPET in minimal culture medium. The consortia were dominated by Rhodococcus spp., Hydrogenophaga spp., and many lower abundance genera. All taxa were related to species known to degrade aromatic compounds. Microbial consortia are known to confer flexibility in processing diverse substrates. To highlight this, we also demonstrate that two microbial consortia can grow on similarly deconstructed polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes in water instead of medium. Our findings suggest that microbial communities may enable flexible bioprocessing of mixed plastic wastes when coupled with chemical deconstruction.
Embryo Loss and Moral Status
Authors: Delaney James 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
There is a significant debate over the moral status of human embryos. This debate has important implications for practices like abortion and IVF. Some argue that embryos have the same moral status as infants, children, and adults. However, critics claim that the frequency of pregnancy loss/miscarriage/spontaneous abortion shows a moral inconsistency in this view. One line of criticism is that those who know the facts about pregnancy loss and nevertheless attempt to conceive children are willing to sacrifice embryos lost for the healthy children they ultimately have. I respond to this criticism and argue that on the most plausible accounts of well-being, these embryos are not made worse off and thus not “sacrifices.” I then make some more general remarks about what people’s typical views about pregnancy loss show about their views toward the moral status of embryos.
When Words Fail: “Miscarriage,” Referential Ambiguity, and Psychological Harm
Authors: Bohn Jessalyn A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Despite significant efforts to support those bereaved by intrauterine death, they remain susceptible to avoidable psychological harm such as disenfranchised grief, misplaced guilt, and emotional shock. This is in part because the words available to describe intrauterine death—“miscarriage,” “spontaneous abortion,” and “pregnancy loss”—are referentially ambiguous. Despite appearing to refer to one event, they can refer to two distinct events: the baby’s death and his preterm delivery. Disenfranchised grief increases when people understand “miscarriage” as the physical process of preterm delivery alone, for this obscures the baby’s death and excludes non-gestational parents, such as the father. Additionally, focusing on the delivery reinforces the mistaken idea that a gestational mother bears responsibility for her baby’s death, increasing misplaced guilt. When these terms instead shift the focus to the baby’s intrauterine death rather than the preterm delivery, they can obscure the physically difficult and often traumatic experience women have when they deliver their dead children, leaving women shocked by preterm delivery’s physical reality. Given their outsized role in framing the bereaved’s experiences, and their duty to avoid harming their patients, healthcare practitioners in particular should take special care to discuss intrauterine death and preterm delivery appropriately with patients and their families. Changing language to describe intrauterine death and preterm delivery clearly and precisely helps mitigate disenfranchised grief, misplaced guilt, and shock, while also helping to reframe the social response to intrauterine death, making it more obvious why certain steps, such as allowing bereavement leave following an intrauterine death, promote healing.
The Mereotopology of Pregnancy
Authors: Finn Suki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Consider the following two metaphysical questions about pregnancy: (1) When does a new organism of a certain kind start to exist? (2) What is the mereological and topological relationship between the pregnant organism and with what it is pregnant? Despite assumptions made in the literature, I take these questions to be independent of each other, such that an answer to one does not provide an answer to the other. I argue that the way to connect them is via a maximality principle that prevents one organism being a proper part of another organism of the same kind. That being said, such a maximality principle need not be held, and may not apply in the case of pregnancy. The aims of this paper are thus to distinguish and connect these metaphysical questions, in order to outline a taxonomy of rival mereotopological models of pregnancy that result from the various combinations of their answers.
Semantic Incorporation in English Singular Indefinites
Authors: Srinivas Sadhwi , Rawlins Kyle 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a class of exceptionally narrow-scoping singular indefinites in English (e.g., “Sam drove a car for several years before switching to a truck”), which pattern more closely with what have been termed “weak definites” in the literature (e.g., Poesio, 1994; Carlson et al., 2006) than with regular indefinites. While the existence of such exceptional “weak” indefinites has been previously anticipated by Klein et al. (2013), the category is difficult to distinguish from simple narrow-scoped singular indefinites in most contexts. Here, we argue that there is one environment where weak singular indefinites can be distinctively identified: namely, when they appear with for-adverbials. We sketch a concrete implementation of a semantic incorporation-based account for such nominals, bringing them analytically in line with incorporation analyses of weak definites, building closely on the ideas in Dayal (2011). We further briefly discuss how the proposed analysis adjudicates between two competing analyses for for-adverbials, one which assumes that for encodes a universal quantifier (e.g., Deo & Piñango, 2011) and another which takes for to be non-quantificational (e.g., Champollion, 2013), in favor of the latter view. We close by considering some remaining issues surrounding semantically incorporated DPs in English: specifically, how weak (in) definites relate to other nominals that receive covarying interpretations across contexts—such as bare plurals on the one hand (which we do not take to be semantically incorporated) and bare singulars on the other.
Application of Health Belief Model: demographic factors affecting body mass index (BMI) and perceptions of weight management among Malaysians
Authors: Raman Sivasankari , Ong Siew Chin , See Ooi Guat 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The previous studies underlined the need for specified educational intervention programs to prevent overweight and obesity problems among Malaysians. Therefore, in this context, this study aimed to explore the demographic factors that are associated with BMI and perceptions of body weight management among Malaysians by utilizing the Health Belief Model (HBM). The findings of the study will help in developing effective interventions and provide more specific recommendations on weight management in health education programs to ensure the well-being of the people.

Methods
A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to study the demographical factors and perception of body weight management by the self-administered Health Belief Model Questionnaire (HBMQ). The data were collected using the HBMQ via Google Form link which was promoted on social media platforms to reach out to the public from all over the 13 states in Malaysia.

Key findings
Out of 440 respondents, 44 (10.0%) were obese, 92 (20.90%) were overweight, 60 (13.60%) were underweight and 244 (55.50%) had normal weight. Significant associations were observed between body mass index (BMI) and demographic characteristics such as age range, gender, education level, marital status, employment status, intention to reduce weight, and health issues (P &lt; 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed between HBM subscales and different demographic characteristics. The regression model explained ~8.3% of the variance in BMI (P &lt; 0.001) and revealed that perceived severity and behavioural intention were the significant variables to predict a person’s BMI.

Conclusion
The findings in this study conclude that Malaysians with different demographic characteristics have different perceptions on obesity and weight reduction behaviours.
Parental willingness to COVID-19 vaccination among 5- to 11-year-old children in Jordan
Authors: Mayyas Fadia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Although an emergency approval for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine was given for 5- to 15-year-old children, there is a public hesitancy to give it for children. This study aimed to investigate parental willingness to COVID-19 vaccine among 5- to 11-year-old children.

Methods
A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to parents from Jordan through social media and at the paediatric clinics.

Key findings
Six hundred and sixty-two parents participated. The mean age was 42.3 ± 2.9 years old and 67% of them were mothers. Around 60% of parents had 5- to 11-year-old children, 56% had children under 5 years, and 49.5% had 12- to 18-year-old children. About 89% of parents and 20% of their 12–18 years children had received COVID-19 vaccine. Only 37% of parents thought that COVID-19 vaccines are safe in children. Only 36/399 parents accepted the vaccine for their 5–11 years children and 232/339 rejected it. The acceptance number increased to 171 if the vaccine was a condition for school admission. Potential long-term unknown side effect was the most reported concern. Independent factors correlated with parental willingness to 5–11 years children vaccination were having a high income, having had children vaccinated to influenza vaccine, and trusting information from the government. Whereas concern of side effects was associated with vaccine rejection.

Conclusion
Vaccine acceptance for 5- to 11-year-old children is a major issue among parents. The current study could assist the policymakers in Jordan to undertake strategies to encourage children vaccination to confine the spread of the pandemic.
Trends in estimated total retail dispensed prescriptions of purported COVID-19 treatments and preventions in Canada
Authors: Alkabbani Wajd , Gamble John-Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Several medications were proposed for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 but with limited supporting evidence. Herein, we assessed trends in the volume of projected total retail dispensed prescriptions for 12 agents proposed for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 before and after March 2020 in Canada.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using monthly prescription volumes obtained from IQVIA’s CompuScript database. We used joinpoint regression to identify significant inflection points and calculate the monthly percent change (MPC).

Key findings
Dispensations peaked after March 2020 for several medications, including hydroxychloroquine, fluvoxamine, ivermectin, colchicine, tocilizumab, sarilumab and famotidine. Although most peaks were short lived, large increases were observed for ivermectin (MPC from September 2020 to January 2021 = 28%) and famotidine (MPC from June 2021 to October 2021 = 14%).

Conclusions
Overall, Canadian prescribing patterns were mostly consistent with recommendations from guidelines and health regulatory bodies. Nonetheless, active monitoring of trends should continue.
Physiological function of hydrophobin Vmh3 in lignin degradation by white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Han Junxian , Kawauchi Moriyuki , Terauchi Yuki , Yoshimi Akira , Tanaka Chihiro , Nakazawa Takehito , Honda Yoichi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hydrophobins are small-secreted proteins comprising both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts, that can self-assemble into an amphiphilic film at the air-liquid interface. More than 20 hydrophobin genes have been estimated in the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. In our previous studies, three hydrophobin genes were shown to be predominantly expressed under ligninolytic conditions, and only vmh3 was downregulated in both the delignification-deficient mutant Δgat1 and Δhir1 strains. Here, we focused on the function of the hydrophobin Vmh3 to clarify its physiological role in lignin degradation. When the hyphae were observed by transmission electron microscopy, deletion of vmh3 resulted in the disappearance of black aggregates at the interface between the cell wall and outer environment. Deletion of vmh3 resulted in reduced hydrophobicity when 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate was dropped onto the mycelial surface. These results suggest that Vmh3 functions on the cell surface and plays a major role in mycelial hydrophobization. Furthermore, the Δvmh3 strain showed a marked delay in lignin degradation on beech wood sawdust medium, while the production of lignin-modifying enzymes was not reduced. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the possible effect of hydrophobin on lignin degradation by a white-rot fungus.
The high diversity of Scedosporium and Lomentospora species and their prevalence in human-disturbed areas in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Yin-Tse , Hung Tsu-Chun , Fan Yun-Chen , Chen Chi-Yu , Sun Pei-Lun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Scedosporium and Lomentospora are important opportunistic pathogens causing localized or disseminated infection in humans. Understanding their environmental distribution is critical for public hygiene and clinical management. We carried out the first environmental survey in urbanized and natural regions in Taiwan. Overall, Scedosporium and Lomentospora species were recovered in 132 out of 273 soil samples (48.4%) across Taiwan. We morphologically and molecularly identified six Scedosporium and one Lomentospora species. All four major clinical relevant species were isolated with high frequency, i.e., Scedosporium apiospermum (42.4%), S. boydii (21.8%), Lomentosporaprolificans (14.5%), S. aurantiacum (8.5%); two clinically minor species, Pseudallescheria angusta (6.7%) and S. dehoogii (5.6%), and a saprobic species, S. haikouense (0.6%), had moderate to rare incidence. These fungal species had high incidence in urban (48.6%) and hospital (67.4%) soil samples, and had limited distribution in samples from natural regions (5%). Multivariate analysis of the fungal composition revealed strong evidence of the preferential distribution of these fungi in urban and hospital regions compared with natural sites. In addition, strong evidence suggested that the distribution and abundance of these fungal species were highly heterogeneous in the environment; samples in vicinity often yielded varied fungal communities. We concluded that these fungal species were prevalent in soil in Taiwan and their occurrences were associated with human activities. Although, hygiene sensitive sites such as hospitals were not harboring heavier fungal burdens than other urban facilities in our survey, still, aware should be taken for the high frequency of these clinical relevant species around hospital regions.
Two-dimensional simulations of internal gravity waves in a 5 M⊙ zero-age-main-sequence model
Authors: Le Saux A , Baraffe I , Guillet T , Vlaykov D G , Morison A , Pratt J , Constantino T , Goffrey T 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Main-sequence intermediate-mass stars present a radiative envelope that supports internal gravity waves (IGWs). Excited at the boundary with the convective core, IGWs propagate towards the stellar surface and are suspected to impact physical processes such as rotation and chemical mixing. Using the fully compressible time-implicit code MUSIC, we study IGWs in two-dimensional simulations of a zero-age-main-sequence 5 solar mass star model up to 91 per cent of the stellar radius with different luminosity and radiative diffusivity enhancements. Our results show that low-frequency waves excited by core convection are strongly impacted by radiative effects as they propagate. This impact depends on the radial profile of radiative diffusivity which increases by almost 5 orders of magnitude between the centre of the star and the top of the simulation domain. In the upper layers of the simulation domain, we observe an increase of the temperature. Our study suggests that this is due to heat added in these layers by IGWs damped by radiative diffusion. We show that non-linear effects linked to large amplitude IGWs may be relevant just above the convective core. Both these effects are intensified by the artificial enhancement of the luminosity and radiative diffusivity, with enhancement factors up to 104 times the realistic values. Our results also highlight that direct comparison between numerical simulations with enhanced luminosity and observations must be made with caution. Finally, our work suggests that thermal effects linked to the damping of IGWs could have a non-negligible impact on stellar structure.