bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocaust survivors: Health and longevity 70 years later
Authors: Stessman Jochanan , Paris Barbara , Jacobs Jeremy M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHolocaust survivors (HS) alive today form a unique and disappearing population, whose exposure to systematic genocide occurred over 70 years ago. Negative health outcomes were widely documented prior to age 70. We examine the hypothesis that the experience of remote trauma continues to negatively affect health, functional status, and survival between the ages of 85–95.MethodsThe Jerusalem Longitudinal Study (1990–2022) followed a representative sample of Jerusalem residents born 1920–1921, at ages 85, 90 and 95. Home assessment included medical, social, functional, and cognitive status, and mortality data. Subjects were classified: (1) HS‐Camp (HS‐C): survived slave‐labor, concentration, or death camps; (2) HS‐Exposed (HS‐E): survived Nazi occupation of Europe; (3) Controls: European descent, outside Europe during WWII. We determined Hazards Ratios (HR), adjusting for gender, loneliness, financial difficulty, physical activity, ADL dependence, chronic ischemic heart disease, cancer, cognitive deficits, chronic joint pain, self‐rated health.ResultsAt ages 85 (n = 496), 90 (n = 524), and 95 (n = 383) the frequency of HS‐C versus HS‐E versus Controls was 28%/22%/50%, 19%/19%/62%, and 20%/22%/58%, respectively. No consistent significant morbidity differences were observed. Mortality between ages 85–90 and 90–95 years was 34.9% versus 38% versus 32.0%, and 43.4% versus 47.3% versus 43.7%, respectively, with no significant differences in survival rates (log rank p = 0.63, p = 0.81). Five‐year mortality adjusted HRs were insignificant for HS‐C and HS‐E between ages 85–90 (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.54–1.39; HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.73–1.78) and ages 90–95 (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.39–1.32; HR 1.38, 95% CI 0.85–2.23).ConclusionsSeventy years following their trauma and suffering during the Holocaust, the significant impairments of health, function, morbidity, and mortality which have accompanied survivors throughout their entire adult life, were no longer observed. Indeed, it is likely that survivors living >85 years old represent a uniquely resilient population of people, whose adaptation to adversity has accompanied them throughout their lives.
Determinants of completion and early dropout in an adult weight management service: a prospective observational study
Authors: Everitt Jordan D. , Battista‐Dowds Enzo M. , Heggs Daniel , Hewlett Paul , Squire Amanda L. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh attrition rates in weight management interventions (WMIs) undermine their effectiveness but are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify determinants of completion and early dropout in National Health Service (NHS) WMIs.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, 329 patients recruited at initial consultation appointments satisfied the eligibility criteria: age ≥18 years and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the odds ratios (OR, given with 95% confidence interval) of completion and early dropout.ResultsIntervention completion rate was 39.8% (131 of 329). Variables that increased the likelihood of completion included engagement in support sessions, OR10.6 (4.7–23.6, p < 0.001); male sex, OR2.5 (1.4–4.5, p = 0.002); osteoarthritis, OR1.9 (1.1–3.3, p = 0.014); and one or more missed intervention appointments marked as ‘could not attend’ (notified nonattendance), OR1.8 (1.1–2.9, p = 0.032). Odds of early dropout were higher for participants with anxiety and depression OR2.0 (1.0–4.0, p = 0.039). Dietetic 1:1 participants were less likely to drop out early compared with group programme participants, OR0.3 (0.2–0.7, p = 0.002), but were less likely to complete the full intervention, OR0.5 (0.3–0.9, p = 0.02). Age, BMI, social deprivation and travel distance were among the variables not associated with completion or early dropout.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence of the importance of support for participants of WMIs and the need for services to consider how support networks can be incorporated. Patients with poorer mental health may be more likely to drop out early and consequently benefit less from WMIs. Future research should qualitatively explore why these factors contribute to attrition to improve WMI effectiveness.
Mechanism of action and side effects of colchicine based on biomechanical properties of cells
Authors: Liu Lanjiao , Chen Mingxin , Gao Yifan , Tian Liguo , Zhang Wenxiao , Wang Zuobin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany diseases are related to changes in the biomechanical properties of cells; their study can provide a theoretical basis for drug screening and can explain the internal working of living cells. In this study, the biomechanical properties of nephrocytes (VERO cells), hepatocytes (HL‐7702 cells), and hepatoma cells (SMCC‐7721 cells) in culture were detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to analyse the side effects of colchicine at different concentrations (0.1 μg/mL (A) and 0.2 μg/mL (B)) at the nanoscale for 2, 4 and 6 h. Compared with the corresponding control cells, the damage to the treated cells increased in a dose‐dependent manner. Among normal cells, the injury of nephrocytes (VERO cells) was markedly worse than that of hepatocytes (HL‐7702 cells) in both colchicine solutions A and B. Based on the analyses of biomechanical properties, the colchicine solution reduced the rate of division and inhibited metastasis of SMCC‐7721 cells. By comparing these two concentrations, we found that the anticancer effect of colchicine solution A was greater than that of solution B. Studying the mechanical properties of biological cells can help understand the mechanism of drug action at the molecular level and provide a theoretical basis for preventing the emergence and diagnosis of diseases at the nanoscale.
Trauma‐Informed Pedagogy: Instructional Strategies to Support Student Success
Authors: Arbour Megan , Walker Kelly , Houston Jane 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOver the past several years, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has contributed to challenging working and life conditions. As a result, the midwifery and health care workforce has faced significant shortages due to burnout. Increased societal awareness of historical trauma and systemic racism embedded within US culture has also led to increased anxiety and signs of trauma among midwifery and health profession students. Now more than ever, innovative teaching strategies are needed to support students, reduce the risks of burnout, and increase diversity in the workforce. One strategy is to adopt a trauma‐informed pedagogy within midwifery education. Trauma‐informed pedagogy is founded on core assumptions of trauma‐informed care and thus supports student success by recognizing that the student cannot be separated from their own life experiences. Faculty and preceptors can develop empathetic, flexible supports that communicate care and concern regarding students’ personal and social situations, and emotions. Empathetic behavior from teachers also increases student learning motivation, making it easier for students to actively engage in learning thereby reducing their distress. The purpose of this State of the Science review, therefore, was to describe the literature surrounding trauma‐informed pedagogy and to offer concrete educational strategies that faculty members and educational programs can employ to increase the success of a diverse student body. This can be accomplished through flexibility in curriculum design and outcome measurement to ensure attainment of end of program learning outcomes. Institutional and administrative support are essential to develop a faculty who realize the benefit and value of trauma‐informed pedagogy underpinning student success.
Exploring healthcare professionals' perspective of the process of obtaining consent for adult patient's having planned surgery: A scoping review
Authors: Gardiner Therese M. , Gillespie Brigid M. , Latimer Sharon , Hewitt Jayne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this scoping review was to provide an overview of the literature about the process of obtaining consent from adult patients undergoing planned surgery from the healthcare professionals' perspective and analyse knowledge gaps.BackgroundThe process of obtaining consent for planned elective surgery manifests an individual's fundamental right to decide what happens to their body. The process is often suboptimal and problematic, placing a significant resource burden on health systems globally. Deficiencies in the documentation on consent forms have also been shown to increase the risk of operating room error.DesignScoping review.MethodsArksey and O′Malley's (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 2005 and 19) five‐step scoping review methodology was used.ResultsFifty‐three articles were included; 39 primary and 14 secondary research publications. Three key findings were identified; there is currently low‐level evidence about surgical consent processes to inform clinical practice; junior doctors obtain surgical consent frequently, yet this process was likely undertaken sub‐optimally; and current knowledge gaps include capacity assessment, decision‐making and pre‐procedural consent checks.ConclusionPlanned surgical consent processes are complex, and both surgeons and perioperative nurses are essential during the process. While surgeons have responsibility to obtain consent, perioperative nurses provide a safety net in the surgical consent process checking the surgical consent information is correct and has been understood by the patient. Such actions may influence consent validity and patient safety in the operating room. Knowledge gaps about capacity assessment, decision‐making, pre‐procedural checks and the impact of junior doctors obtaining consent on patient understanding, safety and legal claims are evident.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review highlights the importance of the surgical nurse's role in the planned surgical consent process. While the responsibility for obtaining surgical consent lies with the surgeon, the nurse's role verifying consent information is crucial as they act as a safety net and can reduce error in the operating room.No patient or public contributionThe authors declare that no patient or public contribution was made to this review in accordance with the aim to map existing literature from the healthcare professionals' perspective.
The clinical course of herpes zoster is similar in immunocompetent and immunocompromised paediatric patients
Authors: Bieńkowski Carlo , Talarek Ewa , Pokorska‐Śpiewak Maria 
Published: June 2023

AimWe aimed to compare the clinical manifestation of HZ in immunocompetent and immunocompromised children.MethodsMedical charts of all consecutive children hospitalized and/or consulted in the Regional Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw due to HZ were retrospectively analysed. Age, history of varicella, time interval between varicella and HZ, underlying diseases, immunosuppresive therapy, dermatome involvement and HZ complications were analyzed in both groups.ResultsIn total 152 children were included in the analysis, 56 (36.84%) of them were hospitalsed, whereas 96 (63.16%) were consulted and discharged home due to good general condition. The median age was 10 years (IQR 5.75–12), there were 73 (48.03%) boys and 79 (51.97%) girls. In 16/152 (10.5%) one or more complications occurred, including: skin bacterial superinfection (16/17, 94.2%), sepsis (1/17, 5.9%), meningitis (1/17, 5.9%). Thoracic dermatomes were the most commonly affected (81/152, 53.29%). Most of the children didn't have any immunodeficiencies 118/152 (77.6%), and 34/152 (22.4%) of them were immunocompromised (and had been treated with intravenous acyclovir). The clinical picture of the disease was similar in both groups (Table 1). However, immunocompromised children more often had sacral dermatomes affected (5/35, 14.3% vs. 1/117, 0.9%, p < 0.001), and less often thoracic dermatomes were involved in this group (12/35, 34.3% vs. 69/117, 59%, p = 0.0102).ConclusionsTo conclude, herpes zoster occurs in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised children. Clinical manifestations are similar. Serious complications, although uncommon, affect not only immunocompromised patients but also otherwise healthy children.
Revealing a potential necroptosis‐related axis (RP11‐138A9.1/hsa‐miR‐98‐5p/ZBP1) in periodontitis by construction of the ceRNA network
Authors: Wang Zhenxiang , Chen Hang , Peng Limin , He Yujuan , Zhang Xiaonan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPeriodontitis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition, poses a significant risk of tooth loosening and subsequent tooth loss. Within the realm of programmed cell death, a recently recognized process known as necroptosis has garnered attention for its involvement in numerous inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, its correlation with periodontitis is indistinct. Our study aimed to identify necroptosis‐related lncRNAs and crucial lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory axes in periodontitis to further understand the pathogenesis of periodontitis.Materials and MethodsGene expression profiles in gingival tissues were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Selecting hub necroptosis‐related lncRNA and extracting the key lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA axes based on the ceRNA network by adding novel machine‐learning models based on conventional analysis and combining qRT‐PCR validation. Then, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was constructed for lncRNA in regulatory axes, and the accuracy of the model was validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The clinical effect of the model was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and single‐sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to explore how these lncRNAs work in periodontitis.ResultsSeven hub necroptosis‐related lncRNAs and three lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory axes (RP11‐138A9.1/hsa‐miR‐98‐5p/ZBP1 axis, RP11‐96D1.11/hsa‐miR‐185‐5p/EZH2 axis, and RP4‐773 N10.4/hsa‐miR‐21‐5p/TLR3 axis) were predicted. WGCNA revealed that RP11‐138A9.1 was significantly correlated with the “purple module”. Functional enrichment analysis and ssGSEA demonstrated that the RP11‐138A9.1/hsa‐miR‐98‐5p/ZBP1 axis is closely related to the inflammation and immune processes in periodontitis.ConclusionOur study predicted a crucial necroptosis‐related regulatory axis (RP11‐138A9.1/hsa‐miR‐98‐5p/ZBP1) based on the ceRNA network, which may aid in elucidating the role and mechanism of necroptosis in periodontitis.
Cognitive factors and processes in models of insomnia: A systematic review
Authors: Tang Nicole K. Y. , Saconi Bruno , Jansson‐Fröjmark Markus , Ong Jason C. , Carney Colleen E. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryCognition is central to the experience of insomnia. Although unhelpful thoughts about and around insomnia are a primary treatment target of cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia, cognitive constructs are termed and conceptualised differently in different theories of insomnia proposed over the past decades. In search of consensus in thinking, the current systematic review identified cognitive factors and processes featured in theoretical models of insomnia and mapped any commonality between models. We systematically searched PsycINFO and PubMed for published theoretical articles on the development, maintenance and remission of insomnia, from inception of databases to February, 2023. A total of 2458 records were identified for title and abstract screening. Of these, 34 were selected for full‐text assessment and 12 included for analysis and data synthesis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We identified nine distinguishable models of insomnia published between 1982 and 2023 and extracted 20 cognitive factors and processes featured in these models; 39 if sub‐factors were counted. After assigning similarity ratings, we observed a high degree of overlap between constructs despite apparent differences in terminologies and measurement methods. As a result, we highlight shifts in thinking around cognitions associated with insomnia and discuss future directions.
Kinetics of serum O‐glycosylated M‐hepatitis B surface antigen with hepatocellular carcinoma history and nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in hepatitis B patients
Authors: Okumura Taiki , Joshita Satoru , Iwadare Takanobu , Wakabayashi Shun‐ichi , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Yamashita Yuki , Sugiura Ayumi , Kimura Takefumi , Umemura Takeji 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA newly developed O‐glycosylated M‐hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAgGi) measurement system can detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) associated with infectious particles. We investigated the association of HBsAgGi levels with clinical parameters and a history of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in a cross‐sectional cohort analysis (Study 1) as well as the quantitative changes in HBsAgGi during nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy in a longitudinal cohort analysis (Study 2). A total of 124 patients with genotype C chronic HBV infection were analysed in Study 1 to evaluate correlations of HBsAgGi with conventional HBV markers and HCC history. Among those, 36 patients receiving NA therapy were enrolled in Study 2 for quantitative comparisons between pre‐treatment baseline and 48 weeks of NA therapy. In Study 1, serum HBsAgGi was significantly associated with HBsAg (r = .5857, p < .00001) and weakly but significantly correlated with HBV DNA (r = .2936, p = .001). Although HBsAgGi (p = .111) was comparable between HCC history (+) group and HCC history (−) group, the HBsAgGi/HBsAg ratio (p = .011) was significantly higher in HCC history (+) patients. In Study 2, HBsAgGi was significantly decreased after 48 weeks of NA therapy (p < .001). HBsAg findings were similar (p = .005) along with an HBV DNA reduction (p < .001). In the baseline hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) (+) subgroup, HBsAgGi decreased significantly between baseline and 48 weeks of NA (p = .005), while HBsAg was comparable (p = .051). Low HBsAg and high HBsAgGi were associated with a history of HCC development. HBsAgGi decreased significantly by 48‐week NA therapy.
Putting the cart before the horse—Dal Lake's Tale of Woe
Authors: Qureshi Neha W. , Aditya Korekallu Srinivasa , Krishnan M. , Gopalakrishnan Badri Narayanan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDal Lake is not only the centre of tourist attraction, but also an important livelihood source for the local population. The economic activities over the years in and around the lake have intensified, resulting in pollution, eutrophication and encroachment of the lake. The present study examined the multiple economic activities carried out on Dal Lake, estimated the net welfare generated, and subsequently developed a solution focusing on establishing an optimal trade‐off between the economic activities and pollution abatement expenditures incurred by the government. Employing optimization techniques, needed modifications in the configuration of the enterprises and the pollution abatement costs that could maximize the net welfare from Dal Lake were identified. The economic welfare of the three enterprises was maximized at the optimal level of INR 5684.85 million, with a pollution‐abating investment of INR 13.21 million.
Summanen structure: Further geological and geophysical evidence of a meteorite impact event in Central Finland
Authors: Hietala Satu , Jokinen Jarkko , Lerssi Jouni , Niskanen Matti , Pesonen Lauri J. , Plado Jüri 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Summanen structure is located in Central Finland and is one of Finland's 12 known meteorite impact structures. In 2017, the discovery of Summanen was based on numerous shatter cone boulders with planar deformation features (PDFs) and a circular electromagnetic anomaly, which is 2.6 km in diameter. The site was revisited in 2020 and 2022, and shatter cone‐bearing outcrops were discovered. PDFs and feather features were identified in samples from these outcrops. A total of 38 PDF sets in 27 quartz grains resulted in rational crystallographic orientations concentrating on {104}, {103}, {102}, and {112}, implying shock pressures of 2–20 GPa. Gravity measurements were taken, and the electrical conductivity of the structure was studied. The gravimetric results revealed a circular negative anomaly of about 4 km in diameter, with an amplitude of −3.5 mGal. Excluding the gravitational effect of water and Quaternary sediments reduces the anomaly to −1.6 mGal. A bowl‐shaped conductive layer, likely containing relict saline water in the impact‐fractured bedrock, was identified to a depth of 240 m. Topographic and bathymetric data were combined to determine the impact's effect and interpret the level of erosion. Cobbles of sedimentary sand‐ and siltstones were found on the coastline of Lake Summanen. Based on their similarity to those found in the Söderfjärden impact crater with a Cambrian age, it is likely that these rocks and post‐impact infill are also of a similar age.
Heterogeneity of the group B streptococcal type VII secretion system and influence on colonization of the female genital tract
Authors: Spencer Brady L. , Job Alyx M. , Robertson Clare M. , Hameed Zainab A. , Serchejian Camille , Wiafe‐Kwakye Caitlin S. , Mendonça Jéssica C. , Apolonio Morgan A. , Nagao Prescilla E. , Neely Melody N. , Korotkova Natalia , Korotkov Konstantin V. , Patras Kathryn A. , Doran Kelly S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractType VIIb secretion systems (T7SSb) in Gram‐positive bacteria facilitate physiology, interbacterial competition, and/or virulence via EssC ATPase‐driven secretion of small ɑ‐helical proteins and toxins. Recently, we characterized T7SSb in group B Streptococcus (GBS), a leading cause of infection in newborns and immunocompromised adults. GBS T7SS comprises four subtypes based on variation in the C‐terminus of EssC and the repertoire of downstream effectors; however, the intraspecies diversity of GBS T7SS and impact on GBS‐host interactions remains unknown. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that GBS T7SS loci encode subtype‐specific putative effectors, which have low interspecies and inter‐subtype homology but contain similar domains/motifs and therefore may serve similar functions. We further identify orphaned GBS WXG100 proteins. Functionally, we show that GBS T7SS subtype I and III strains secrete EsxA in vitro and that in subtype I strain CJB111, esxA1 appears to be differentially transcribed from the T7SS operon. Furthermore, we observe subtype‐specific effects of GBS T7SS on host colonization, as CJB111 subtype I but not CNCTC 10/84 subtype III T7SS promotes GBS vaginal colonization. Finally, we observe that T7SS subtypes I and II are the predominant subtypes in clinical GBS isolates. This study highlights the potential impact of T7SS heterogeneity on host‐GBS interactions.
Carotid artery stenting after balloon aortic valvuloplasty in cervical internal carotid artery stenosis associated with severe aortic stenosis: A case report
Authors: Kitabayashi T. , Misaki Kouichi , Kamide T. , Nakada M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCarotid artery stenting (CAS) is contraindicated in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). However, it is required for treating those with symptomatic internal CA (ICA) stenosis and severe AS. This is the first report of successful CAS after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) in a patient having ICA stenosis accompanied with severe AS. An 82‐year‐old man with a history of severe AS presented with amaurosis fugax due to severe stenosis at the left ICA. We performed CAS just after BAV. No perioperative complications were reported. It might be a useful treatment strategy for symptomatic ICA stenosis with severe AS.