bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a neural network approach to accelerate disequilibrium chemistry calculations in exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Hendrix Julius L A M , Louca Amy J , Miguel Yamila 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
In this era of exoplanet characterization with JWST, the need for a fast implementation of classical forward models to understand the chemical and physical processes in exoplanet atmospheres is more important than ever. Notably, the time-dependent ordinary differential equations to be solved by chemical kinetics codes are very time-consuming to compute. In this study, we focus on the implementation of neural networks to replace mathematical frameworks in one-dimensional chemical kinetics codes. Using the gravity gradient, temperature-pressure profiles, initial mixing ratios, and stellar flux of a sample of hot-Jupiter’s atmospheres as free parameters, the neural network is built to predict the mixing ratio outputs in steady state. The architecture of the network is composed of individual autoencoders for each input variable to reduce the input dimensionality, which is then used as the input training data for an LSTM-like neural network. Results show that the autoencoders for the mixing ratios, stellar spectra, and pressure gradients are exceedingly successful in encoding and decoding the data. Our results show that in 90 per cent of the cases, the fully trained model is able to predict the evolved mixing ratios of the species in the hot-Jupiter atmosphere simulations. The fully trained model is ∼103 times faster than the simulations done with the forward, chemical kinetics model while making accurate predictions.
Alu RNA fold links splicing with signal recognition particle proteins
Authors: Borovská Ivana , Vořechovský Igor , Královičová Jana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Transcriptomic diversity in primates was considerably expanded by exonizations of intronic Alu elements. To better understand their cellular mechanisms we have used structure-based mutagenesis coupled with functional and proteomic assays to study the impact of successive primate mutations and their combinations on inclusion of a sense-oriented AluJ exon in the human F8 gene. We show that the splicing outcome was better predicted by consecutive RNA conformation changes than by computationally derived splicing regulatory motifs. We also demonstrate an involvement of SRP9/14 (signal recognition particle) heterodimer in splicing regulation of Alu-derived exons. Nucleotide substitutions that accumulated during primate evolution relaxed the conserved left-arm AluJ structure including helix H1 and reduced the capacity of SRP9/14 to stabilize the closed Alu conformation. RNA secondary structure-constrained mutations that promoted open Y-shaped conformations of the Alu made the Alu exon inclusion reliant on DHX9. Finally, we identified additional SRP9/14 sensitive Alu exons and predicted their functional roles in the cell. Together, these results provide unique insights into architectural elements required for sense Alu exonization, identify conserved pre-mRNA structures involved in exon selection and point to a possible chaperone activity of SRP9/14 outside the mammalian signal recognition particle.
Quality of Life in Male Breast Cancer: Prospective Study of the International Male Breast Cancer Program (EORTC10085/TBCRC029/BIG2-07/NABCG)
Authors: Schröder Carolien P , van Leeuwen-Stok Elise , Cardoso Fatima , Linderholm Barbro , Poncet Coralie , Wolff Antonio C , Bjelic-Radisic Vesna , Werutsky Gustavo , Abreu Miguel H , Bozovic-Spasojevic Ivana , den Hoed Irma , Honkoop Aafke H , Los Maartje , Leone Jose P , Russell Nicola S , Smilde Tineke J , van der Velden Annette W G , Van Poznak Catherine , Vleugel Marije M , Yung Rachel L , Coens Corneel , Giordano Sharon H , Ruddy Kathryn J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Prospective data about quality of life (QoL) in men with breast cancer (BC) are lacking. A prospective registry (EORTC10085) of men with all BC stages, including a QoL correlative study, was performed as part of the International Male Breast Cancer Program.

Methods
Questionnaires at BC diagnosis included the EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR23 (BC specific module), adapted for men. High functioning and global health/QoL scores indicate high functioning levels/high QoL; high symptom-focused measures scores indicate high symptoms/problems levels. EORTC reference data for healthy men and women with BC were used for comparisons.

Results
Of 422 men consenting to participate, 363 were evaluable. Median age was 67 years, and median time between diagnosis and survey was 1.1 months. A total of 114 men (45%) had node-positive early disease, and 28 (8%) had advanced disease. Baseline mean global health status score was 73 (SD: 21), better than in female BC reference data (62, SD: 25). Common symptoms in male BC were fatigue (22, SD: 24), insomnia (21, SD: 28), and pain (16, SD: 23), for which women’s mean scores indicated more burdensome symptoms at 33 (SD: 26), 30 (SD: 32), and 29 (SD: 29). Men’s mean sexual activity score was 31 (SD: 26), with less sexual activity in older patients or advanced disease.

Conclusions
QoL and symptom burden in male BC patients appears no worse (and possibly better) than that in female patients. Future analyses on impact of treatment on symptoms and QoL over time, may support tailoring of male BC management.
Do winners pick government? How scale-up experience shapes entrepreneurs’ assessments of innovation policy mixes
Authors: Denney Steven , Southin Travis , Wolfe David A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow do entrepreneurs of high-growth firms in small, open economies evaluate innovation policy mixes? In response to market consolidation by large firms, governments in such countries are using a mix of innovation policy tools to support firms with high-growth potential in digitally intensive sectors. Government objectives, however, are not being realized. Bringing actor-centric perspectives to the policy mix literature, we analyze interviews with entrepreneurs from Canadian technology firms to determine whether there is a disconnect between the objectives and instruments employed by the government. With distinct policy preferences rooted in their growth experiences specific to the country’s political economy, we find that scale-up entrepreneurs prefer a more active role of the government in the form of demand-side, direct, and targeted innovation instruments. The findings presented in this article provide a more nuanced understanding of the innovation policy landscape and the preferences of technology scale-up firms
What limits intra-household insurance or the ‘Added Worker Effect’?
Authors: Hevenstone Debra , Kessler Dorian , Luchsinger Larissa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The ‘Added Worker Effect’ (AWE) theory posits that partners of the unemployed provide intra-household insurance by increasing their earnings. However, estimates of the AWE are small. Popular explanations include lacking need (e.g. due to generous unemployment benefits), capacity or willingness to increase earnings, though these explanations are seldom tested systematically. Using Swiss administrative data and difference-in-differences estimates, we find an overall AWE among only non-working women. We find no systematic differences in AWEs between couples with differing needs or capacities, but aspects related to willingness like marriage, long marital duration and shared biological children are associated with higher AWEs. Men’s overall slight reduction in earnings upon their partners’ unemployment is driven by young, childless, cohabiting men. Overall, compared to unemployment insurance, in all studied subgroups, the AWE is a minimal source of insurance.
The Liechtenstein Anstalt—the legal chameleon’s mystery unveiled
Authors: Niegel Johanna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Just like the Liechtenstein foundation, the anstalt is a true legal chameleon among the Liechtenstein company forms, fulfilling purposes that range from those commonly pursued by corporate bodies to purposes pursued by private foundations. This year’s editorial explains and contrasts the basic concept of the Liechtenstein anstalt, which more often than not puzzles domestic and international practitioners alike, and points out why the correct classification of an anstalt is essential.
A call for standardized reporting of early-onset colorectal peritoneal metastases
Authors: Austin-Datta Rebecca J. , La Vecchia Carlo , George Thomas J. , Mohamed Faheez , Boffetta Paolo , Dineen Sean P. , Huang Daniel Q. , Vu Thanh-Huyen T. , Nguyen Tin C. , Permuth Jennifer B. , Luu Hung N. 
Published: June 2023

Background
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients under 50 years of age, i.e., early-onset CRC, has increased in the past two decades. Colorectal peritoneal metastases (CPM) will develop in 10–30% of CRC patients. CPM traditionally had a dismal prognosis, but surgery and novel systemic treatments appear to increase survival. Determining potential age-associated risk and prognostic factors is optimized when analyses use standardized age groupings.

Methods
We performed a review of early-onset CPM studies and compared variables used, e.g., age stratification and definitions of synchronous and metachronous CPM. We included studies published in PubMed up to November 2022 if results were stratified by age.

Results
Of 114 screened publications in English, only 10 retrospective studies met inclusion criteria. Incidence of CPM was higher in younger CRC patients (e.g. 23% vs. 2% for <25 vs. ≥25 years, P < 0.0001; and 57% vs. 39% vs. 4% for <20 vs. 20–25 vs. >25 years, P < 0.001); two studies reported higher proportion of younger African American CPM patients (e.g. 16% vs. 6% for <50 vs. ≥50 years). Studies used seven different age-stratification methods, presenting comparison challenges.

Conclusion
Studies showed a higher proportion of CPM in younger patients, but directly comparing results was not possible due to inconsistent reporting. To better address this issue, CRC and CPM studies stratified by standard age groups (e.g. <50 vs. ≥50) are needed.
Short-Term Outcomes of Hydrus Microstent With and Without Additional Canaloplasty During Cataract Surgery
Authors: Dickinson Anna , Leidy Luke , Nusair Omar , Mihailovic Aleksandra , Ramulu Pradeep , Yohannan Jithin , Johnson Thomas V. , Kaleem Mona , Rachapudi Sruti , An Jella 
Published: June 2023

Précis:
Compared with phacoemulsification and microstent alone, we observed that phacoemulsification with combined microstent and canaloplasty resulted in a significantly greater reduction in glaucoma medications while maintaining similar rates of intraocular pressure reduction and low complications.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with Hydrus Microstent (Alcon Inc.) implantation alone or in combination with canaloplasty (OMNI Surgical System, Sight Sciences Inc.).

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective study of mild-to-moderate primary open angle glaucoma patients who underwent phacoemulsification with microstent alone (42 eyes of 42 patients) or in combination with canaloplasty (canaloplasty-microstent, 32 eyes of 32 patients). The mean number of ocular hypotensive medications and intraocular pressure were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week and at 1, 3, and 6 months. Complications and secondary surgical interventions were recorded. Outcomes measures included the percentage of unmedicated eyes and surgical success at 6 months. Surgical success was defined as reaching the target intraocular pressure without medications or secondary surgical interventions.

Results:
Mean intraocular pressure at 6 months was 14.1±3.5 mm Hg (13% reduction) after microstent alone and 13.6±3.1 mm Hg (17% reduction) after canaloplasty-microstent. Mean medications at 6 months were 0.57±0.9 (67% reduction) after microstent alone and 0.16±0.4 (88% reduction) after canaloplasty-microstent (P<0.05). At 6 months, 64.3% of microstent alone and 87.3% of canaloplasty-microstent were off all medications (P=0.02). Success probabilities at 6 months were 44.5% for microstent alone and 70.0% for canaloplasty-microstent (P=0.04). No secondary surgical interventions occurred in either group.

Conclusions:
Microstent combined with canaloplasty resulted in a significantly higher rate of medication-free status compared with microstent alone through 6 months.
A Review of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses for Open Angle Glaucoma Management
Authors: Sood Shefali , Iskander Mina , Heilenbach Noah , Chen Dinah , Al-Aswad Lama A. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
Cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) quantify and compare both costs and measures of efficacy for different interventions. As the costs of glaucoma management to patients, payers, and physicians are increasing, we seek to investigate the role of CEAs in the field of glaucoma and how such studies impact clinical management.

Methods:
We adhered to the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses” guidelines for our systematic review structure. Eligible studies included any full-text articles that investigated cost-effectiveness or cost-utility as it relates to the field of open angle glaucoma management in the United States. Risk of bias assessment was conducted using the validated Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Economic Evaluations.

Results:
Eighteen studies were included in the review. Dates of publication ranged from 1983 to 2021. Most of the studies were published in the 2000s and performed CEAs in the domains of treatment/therapy, screening, and adherence for patients with primary angle open glaucoma. Of the 18 articles included, 14 focused on treatment, 2 on screening, and 2 on adherence. Most of these studies focused on the cost-effectiveness of different topical medical therapies, whereas only a few studies explored laser procedures, surgical interventions, or minimally invasive procedures. Economic models using decision analysis incorporating state-transition Markov cycles or Montecarlo simulations were widely used, however, the methodology among studies was variable, with a wide spectrum of inputs, measures of outcomes, and time horizons used.

Conclusion:
Overall, we found that cost-effectiveness research in glaucoma in the United States remains relatively unstructured, resulting in unclear and conflicting implications for clinical management.
Disparity of Bladder Cancer Incidence Among Male Workers Across Industries
Authors: Kim Jae Yoon , Yoon Jin-Ha , Yoo Ki-Bong , Lee Woo-Ri , Lee Wanhyung , Kang Mo-Yeol 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the bladder cancer risk across workers’ industries.MethodsThis study was conducted using Korean National Health Insurance claims data. Workers were included in this study to build a retrospective cohort of the entire working population. Workers’ industries were divided into 77 industries according to the Korean Standard Industry Classification division category. The standardized incidence ratio was calculated by comparing 77 industries according to the Korean Standard Industry Classification with the educational public officer.ResultsBladder cancer risk was particularly high in the following industrial sectors: passenger land transport, except transport via railways; sea and coastal water transport; restaurants and mobile food service activities; telecommunications; and computer programming, consultancy, and related activities.ConclusionsOur result provides evidence regarding the disparity of bladder cancer incidence among male workers across industries.
The surgical patient of yesterday, today, and tomorrow—a time-trend analysis based on a cohort of 8.7 million surgical patients
Authors: Knoedler Samuel , Matar Dany Y. , Friedrich Sarah , Knoedler Leonard , Haug Valentin , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Kauke-Navarro Martin , Kneser Ulrich , Pomahac Bohdan , Orgill Dennis P. , Panayi Adriana C. 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Global healthcare delivery is challenged by the aging population and the increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The extent to which such trends affect the cohort of patients the authors surgically operate on remains to be elucidated. Comprising of 8.7 million surgical patients, the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database can be analyzed to investigate the echo of general population dynamics and forecast future trends.

Material and methods:
The authors reviewed the ACS-NSQIP database (2008–2020) in its entirety, extracting patient age, BMI, and diabetes prevalence. Based on these data, the authors forecasted future trends up to 2030 using a drift model.

Results:
During the review period, median age increased by 3 years, and median BMI by 0.9 kg/m2. The proportion of patients with overweight, obesity class I, and class II rates increased. The prevalence of diabetes rose between 2008 (14.9%) and 2020 (15.3%). The authors forecast the median age in 2030 to reach 61.5 years and median BMI to climb to 29.8 kg/m2. Concerningly, in 2030, eight of ten surgical patients are projected to have a BMI above normal. Diabetes prevalence is projected to rise to 15.6% over the next decade.

Conclusion:
General population trends echo in the field of surgery, with the surgical cohort aging at an alarmingly rapid rate and increasingly suffering from obesity and diabetes. These trends show no sign of abating without dedicated efforts and call for urgent measures and fundamental re-structuring for improved future surgical care.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined Fat Transplantation for the Treatment of Bleomycin-Induced Murine Scleroderma
Authors: Wang Hayson Chenyu , Li Zhijin , Li Zhujun , Wang Xiaojun , Long Xiao 
Published: June 2023

Background
Low-fat retention induced by inflammation limits the clinical application of fat grafting for treating localized scleroderma (LS) patients. Novel methods to improve the therapeutic outcome are needed.

Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)–assisted fat transplantation on skin fibrosis and adipose survival in the LS model.

Methods
The LS model was established by the injection of bleomycin into BALB/C nude mice, which were randomly divided into the following 4 groups: healthy control, LS disease group model, fat transplantation group, and PRP+ fat transplantation group. The mice received a subcutaneous injection at back with phosphate-buffered saline, fat, or 20% PRP+ fat. Factors of immunoregulation, angiogenesis and adipogenesis were measured.

Results
Platelet-rich plasma–combined fat transplantation significantly attenuated dermis fibrosis by reducing the production of type III collagen. The fat retention in the PRP+ fat transplantation group was 43 ± 4 mg, significantly higher than 22 ± 15 mg in the fat transplantation group (P = 0.0416). The level of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 2 showed no significant difference between the groups. The expression of angiogenesis factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and CD31, significantly increased in the PRP+ fat transplantation group. The expression of adipogenesis factors, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, anti-CCAAT-enhancer–binding proteins, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, also significantly increased in the PRP+ fat transplantation group.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated that PRP-combined fat transplantation attenuated dermis fibrosis and raised fat survival in the LS model by promoting angiogenesis and adipogenesis through insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway.
Identification of Risk Factors and Phenotypes of Surgical Site Infection in Patients After Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Zhang Xufei , Yang Yiyu , Liu Peizhao , Wang Peige , Li Xuemin , Zhu Jianwei , Mai Wei , Jin Weidong , Liu Wenjing , Zhou Zhitao , Wang Jiajie , Wu Meilin , Ma Rui , Chi Jiayu , Wu Xiuwen , Ren Jianan 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
We aimed to determine the current incidence rate and risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) after abdominal surgery in China and to further demonstrate the clinical features of patients with SSI.

Summary Background Data:
Contemporary epidemiology and clinical features of SSI after abdominal surgery remain poorly characterized.

Methods:
A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022; the study included patients who underwent abdominal surgery at 42 hospitals in China. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for SSI. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to explore the population characteristics of SSI.

Results:
In total, 23,982 patients were included in the study, of whom 1.8% developed SSI. There was higher SSI incidence in open surgery (5.0%) than in laparoscopic or robotic surgeries (0.9%). Multivariable logistic regression indicated that the independent risk factors for SSI after abdominal surgery were older age, chronic liver disease, mechanical bowel preparation, oral antibiotic bowel preparation, colon or pancreas surgery, contaminated or dirty wounds, open surgery, and colostomy/ileostomy. LCA revealed four sub-phenotypes in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Types α and β were mild subclasses with a lower SSI incidence; whereas types γ and δ were the critical subgroups with a higher SSI incidence, but their clinical features were different.

Conclusions:
LCA identified four sub-phenotypes in patients who underwent abdominal surgery. Types γ and δ were critical subgroups with a higher SSI incidence. This phenotype classification can be used to predict SSI after abdominal surgery.
Seroprevalence of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella-Zoster Virus and Seroresponse to the Vaccinations in Adult Solid Organ Transplant Candidates
Authors: Javaid Hana , Prasad Pooja , De Golovine Aleksandra , Hasbun Rodrigo , Jyothula Soma , Machicao Victor , Bynon John S. , Ostrosky Luis , Nigo Masayuki 
Published: June 2023

Background.
Updating live vaccines such as measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) is an important step in preparing patients for solid organ transplant (SOT) to prevent morbidity from these preventable diseases. However, data for this approach are scarce. Thus, we aimed to describe the seroprevalence of MMRV and the efficacy of the vaccines in our transplant center.

Methods.
Pre-SOT candidates >18 y of age were retrospectively retrieved from SOT database in Memorial Hermann Hospital Texas Medical Center. MMRV serologies are routinely screened at the time of pretransplant evaluation. We divided patients into 2 groups: MMRV-positive group versus MMRV-negative group, patients with positive all MMRV serologies and with negative immunity to at least 1 dose of MMRV, respectively.

Results.
A total of 1213 patients were identified. Three hundred ninety-four patients (32.4%) did not have immunity to at least 1 dose of MMRV. Multivariate analysis was conducted. Older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04) and liver transplant candidates (OR: 1.71) were associated with seropositivity. Previous history of SOT (OR: 0.54) and pancreas/kidney transplant candidates (OR: 0.24) were associated with seronegativity. Among 394 MMRV seronegative patients, 60 patients received 1 dose of MMR vaccine and 14 patients received 1 dose of varicella-zoster virus vaccine without severe adverse events. A total of 35% (13/37) of patients who had follow-up serologies did not have a serological response.

Conclusions.
A significant number of pre-SOT candidates were not immune to at least 1 dose of MMRV. This highlights the importance of MMRV screening and vaccinations pre-SOT. Postvaccination serological confirmation should be performed to evaluate the necessity for a second dose.