bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Institutionalist Anti-Populism of the January 6th Committee: A Commentary
Authors: Crothers Lane 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An assessment of the work of the January 6th committee investigating the assault on the U.S. Capitol in January 2021. The commentary addresses the committee’s work as an exercise in institutionalist anti-populism that seeks to disrupt the populist, Trumpist narrative by insisting on the rule of law, the power of expertise, and the value of norms in maintaining a liberal, democratic order. It offers an analysis of how the committee’s work might contribute to the demise of the Trumpist social movement, adding possible lines of analysis to the populist phenomenon going forward.
Separation of Powers in Distress: AMLO’s Charismatic Populism and Mexico’s Return to Hyper-presidentialism
Authors: Villanueva Ulfgard Rebecka 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article inquires the charismatic populism of López Obrador (AMLO) and Mexico’s return to hyper-presidentialism. Drawing on the literature on populism and hyper-presidentialism it explores the tension between charismatic populist leadership and independent institutions, especially the Supreme Court and the National Electoral Institute serving as a counterbalance to the president’s agenda, which aims for institutional ‘transformation’. The main argument, that AMLO is defying the integrity and independence of these institutions, is sustained by analyzing a) the Zaldívar Law named after the former Supreme Court President, a last-minute amendment that would extend his term; b) the public consultation on the prosecution of former presidents; c) the recall vote, and d) the electoral reform. The article concludes that AMLO’s charismatic populism, his transgression of constitutional constraints to the executive power and use of meta-constitutional powers means a return to hyper-presidentialism, which also raises concerns about Mexico’s struggling democracy.
Populism as Form and Content
Authors: Ballacci Giuseppe , Goodman Rob 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The difficulty of defining populism is well-known. As populism lacks a fully articulated ideological foundation, it tends to assume different shapes according to context. Due to this ideological inarticulation, some scholars have rejected the so-called ideational approach to populism. They instead propose its conceptualization as a political style or discourse. This paper advances an alternative approach. We reject the opposition between stylistic and ideational approaches to populism and develop the idea that the form and the content of populism are intrinsically related. We argue that the forms populism adopts cannot be understood in merely strategic or stylistic terms: they presuppose and entail specific ideological contents. Only by tracing the relationship between populist form and content can we make sense of populism as a distinctive phenomenon and explain its ambiguous relationship with liberal democracy.
Engineering of inhalable nano-in-microparticles for co-delivery of small molecules and miRNAs
Authors: Motiei Marjan , Mišík Ondrej , Truong Thanh Huong , Lizal Frantisek , Humpolíček Petr , Sedlařík Vladimír , Sáha Petr 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, novel Trojan particles were engineered for direct delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and miR-34a as model drugs to the lungs to raise local drug concentration, decrease pulmonary clearance, increase lung drug deposition, reduce systemic side effects, and overcome multi-drug resistance. For this purpose, targeted polyelectrolyte nanoparticles (tPENs) developed with layer-by-layer polymers (i.e., chitosan, dextran sulfate, and mannose-g-polyethyleneimine) were spray dried into a multiple-excipient (i.e., chitosan, leucine, and mannitol). The resulting nanoparticles were first characterized in terms of size, morphology, in vitro DOX release, cellular internalization, and in vitro cytotoxicity. tPENs showed comparable cellular uptake levels to PENs in A549 cells and no significant cytotoxicity on their metabolic activity. Co-loaded DOX/miR-34a showed a greater cytotoxicity effect than DOX-loaded tPENs and free drugs, which was confirmed by Actin staining. Thereafter, nano-in-microparticles were studied through size, morphology, aerosolization efficiency, residual moisture content, and in vitro DOX release. It was demonstrated that tPENs were successfully incorporated into microspheres with adequate emitted dose and fine particle fraction but low mass median aerodynamic diameter for deposition into the deep lung. The dry powder formulations also demonstrated a sustained DOX release at both pH values of 6.8 and 7.4.
Low-temperature synthesis of colloidal few-layer WTe2 nanostructures for electrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xie Rui , Luo Wenchen , Zou Luwei , Fan Xiulian , Li Cheng , Lv Tiezheng , Jiang Jinming , Chen Zhihui , Zhou Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh-quality transition metal tellurides, especially for WTe2, have been demonstrated to be necessarily synthesized under close environments and high temperatures, which are restricted by the low formation Gibbs free energy, thus limiting the electrochemical reaction mechanism and application studies. Here, we report a low-temperature colloidal synthesis of few-layer WTe2 nanostructures with lateral sizes around hundreds of nanometers, which could be tuned the aggregation state to obtain the nanoflowers or nanosheets by using different surfactant agents. The crystal phase and chemical composition of WTe2 nanostructures were analyzed by combining the characterization of X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging and elements mapping. The as-synthesized WTe2 nanostructures and its hybrid catalysts were found to show an excellent HER performance with low overpotential and small Tafel slope. The carbon-based WTe2–GO and WTe2–CNT hybrid catalysts also have been synthesized by the similar strategy to study the electrochemical interface. The energy diagram and microreactor devices have been used to reveal the interface contribution to electrochemical performance, which shows the identical performance results with as-synthesized WTe2–carbon hybrid catalysts. These results summarize the interface design principle for semimetallic or metallic catalysts and also confirm the possible electrochemical applications of two-dimensional transition metal tellurides.
High sensitivity carbon monoxide detector using iron tetraphenyl porphyrin functionalized reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Shirsat Sumedh M. , Chiang Chih-Hao , Bodkhe Gajanan A. , Shirsat Mahendra D. , Tsai Meng-Lin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe detection of pollutant and toxic gases has attracted extensive attention due to the growing environmental issues. In the present investigation, free-based tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) and iron tetraphenyl porphyrin (FeTPP) are used to functionalize thermally reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and further used for the detection of carbon monoxide (CO). TPP and FeTPP functionalized rGO (FeTPP@rGO) sensors are fabricated on a glass substrate with thermally coated copper electrodes. The materials are characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics have also been studied to demonstrate the operation of the device. In addition, the FeTPP@rGO device shows high sensitivity toward the detection of CO. By testing in the chemiresistive sensing modality, the as-fabricated device shows good response and recovery of 60 s and 120 s, respectively, with a low detection limit of 2.5 ppm.
Development of portable sensor for the detection of bacteria: effect of gold nanoparticle size, effective surface area, and interparticle spacing upon sensing interface
Authors: Al-Yahmadi Khadija , Kyaw Htet Htet , Myint Myo Tay Zar , Al-Mamari Rahma , Dobretsov Sergey , Al-Abri Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, systematic development of a portable sensor for the rapid detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Exiguobacterium aurantiacum (E. aurantiacum) was reported. A conductive glass was utilized as a substrate and developed the electrode patterns on it. Trisodium citrate (TSC) and chitosan-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (CHI-AuNP-TSC) and chitosan-stabilized AuNPs (CHI-AuNP) were synthesized and utilized as a sensing interface. The morphology, crystallinity, optical properties, chemical structures, and surface properties of immobilized AuNPs on the sensing electrodes were investigated. The sensing performance of the fabricated sensor was evaluated by using an electrochemical method to observe the current changes in cyclic voltammetric responses. The CHI-AuNP-TSC electrode has higher sensitivity toward E. coli than CHI-AuNP with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.07 CFU/mL. TSC in the AuNPs synthesis process played a vital role in the particle size, the interparticle spacing, the sensor’s effective surface area, and the presence of CHI around AuNPs, thus enhancing the sensing performance. Moreover, post-analysis of the fabricated sensor surface exhibited the sensor stability and the interaction between bacteria and the sensor surface. The sensing results showed a promising potential for rapid detection using a portable sensor for various water and food-borne pathogenic diseases.
Multi-sensitive functionalized niosomal nanocarriers for controllable gene delivery in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Abtahi Najmeh Alsadat , Salehi Saba , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Haghiralsadat Fatemeh , Edgahi Mohammadmahdi Akbari , Ghorbanzadeh Sadegh , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroRNAs, which can contribute to numerous cellular functions through post-transcriptional silencing, have become well-documented candidates for cancer treatment applications, particularly in chemo-resistant cancers. Herein, several formulations were examined to optimize the essential parameters, and the niosomal formulation consisting of cholesterol:tween-80:DOTAP:PEG with 9:69:15:7 ratio had the best physicochemical parameters including spherical shape, high entrapment efficiency, small diameter (81 ± 0.65 nm), and appropriate positive charge (23 ± 0.64 mV). Here, we aimed to design a system with increased delivery efficiency which was tested by the encapsulation of miR-34a within niosome NPs and assessed the nano-niosomal delivery of miR-34a as a tumor suppressor in MCF-7 human adenocarcinoma cells. The results showed that our novel niosome systems with non-ionic surfactants can successfully eliminate cancer cells by increasing the expression of p53 and reducing the expression of NF-κB. In comparison with the free dispersion of miR-34a, the lysis of a nano-sized delivery system demonstrated a better cytotoxicity effect against cancer cells. Similar results were obtained by performing in vivo test on the 4T1 xenografted Balb/C mouse tumor model and the miR-34a-loaded niosomes displayed a better reduction in tumor size by improving approximately + 13% in tumor inhabitation rate while maintaining the bodyweight close to the first day. Therefore, it is concluded that miR-34a delivery via niosomes has high potential as a tumor suppressor and a reliable procedure for breast cancer treatment.
Graphical Abstract
Novel m7G-related lncRNA signature for predicting overall survival in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Bin , Fang Fang , Liao Yiqun , Chen Yuji , Wang Fei , Ma Yichao , Wei Chen , Zhao Jiahao , Ji Hao , Wang Daorong , Tang Dong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPresenting with a poor prognosis, gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of disease and death worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate tumor formation and have been long used to predict tumor prognosis. N7-methylguanosine (m7G) is the most prevalent RNA modification. m7G-lncRNAs regulate GC onset and progression, but their precise mechanism in GC is unclear. The objective of this research was the development of a new m7G-related lncRNA signature as a biomarker for predicting GC survival rate and guiding treatment. The Cancer Genome Atlas database helped extract gene expression data and clinical information for GC. Pearson correlation analysis helped point out m7G-related lncRNAs. Univariate Cox analysis helped in identifying m7G-related lncRNA with predictive capability. The Lasso-Cox method helped point out seven lncRNAs for the purpose of establishing an m7G-related lncRNA prognostic signature (m7G-LPS), followed by the construction of a nomogram. Kaplan–Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, calibration plot of the nomogram model, receiver operating characteristic curve and principal component analysis were utilized for the verification of the risk model’s reliability. Furthermore, q-PCR helped verify the lncRNAs expression of m7G-LPS in-vitro. The study subjects were classified into high and low-risk groups based on the median value of the risk score. Gene enrichment analysis confirmed the constructed m7G-LPS’ correlation with RNA transcription and translation and multiple immune-related pathways. Analysis of the clinicopathological features revealed more progressive features in the high-risk group. CIBERSORT analysis showed the involvement of m7G-LPS in immune cell infiltration. The risk score was correlated with immune checkpoint gene expression, immune cell and immune function score, immune cell infiltration, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity. Therefore, our study shows that m7G-LPS constructed using seven m7G-related lncRNAs can predict the survival time of GC patients and guide chemotherapy and immunotherapy regimens as biomarker.
Enhanced immune complex formation in the lungs of patients with dermatomyositis
Authors: Zaizen Yoshiaki , Okamoto Masaki , Azuma Koichi , Fukuoka Junya , Hozumi Hironao , Sakamoto Noriho , Suda Takafumi , Mukae Hiroshi , Hoshino Tomoaki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Interstitial lung disease is frequently comorbid with dermatomyositis and has a poor prognosis, especially in patients with the anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) autoantibody. However, the pathogenesis of dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease remains unclear.

Methods
We examined 18 and 19 patients with dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (control), respectively. Lung tissues obtained from these patients were semi-quantitatively evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with in-house anti-human MDA5 monoclonal antibodies, as well as anti-human immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, IgA, and complement component 3(C3) antibodies. We established human MDA5 transgenic mice and treated them with rabbit anti-human MDA5 polyclonal antibodies, and evaluated lung injury and Ig and C3 expression.

Results
MDA5 was moderately or strongly expressed in the lungs of patients in both groups, with no significant differences between the groups. However, patients with dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease showed significantly stronger expression of C3 (p < 0.001), IgG (p < 0.001), and IgM (p = 0.001) in the lungs than control. Moreover, lung C3, but IgG, IgA, nor IgM expression was significantly stronger in MDA5 autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease (n = 9) than in MDA5 autoantibody-negative dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease (n = 9; p = 0.022). Treatment with anti-MDA5 antibodies induced lung injury in MDA5 transgenic mice, and strong immunoglobulin and C3 expression was observed in the lungs of the mice.

Conclusion
Strong immunoglobulin and C3 expression in the lungs involve lung injury related to dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease. Enhanced immune complex formation in the lungs may contribute to the poor prognosis of MDA5 autoantibody-positive dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease.
Efficacy of antihyperglycemic therapies on cardiovascular and heart failure outcomes: an updated meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of 35 randomized cardiovascular outcome trials
Authors: Hasebe Masashi , Yoshiji Satoshi , Keidai Yamato , Minamino Hiroto , Murakami Takaaki , Tanaka Daisuke , Fujita Yoshihito , Harada Norio , Hamasaki Akihiro , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Effects of antihyperglycemic therapies on cardiovascular and heart failure (HF) risks have varied widely across cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs), and underlying factors remain incompletely understood. We aimed to determine the relationships of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) or bodyweight changes with these outcomes in all CVOTs of antihyperglycemic therapies.

Methods
We searched PubMed and EMBASE up to 25 January 2023 for all randomized controlled CVOTs of antihyperglycemic therapies reporting both major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and HF outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. We performed meta-regression analyses following random-effects meta-analyses to evaluate the effects of HbA1c or bodyweight reductions on each outcome.

Results
Thirty-five trials comprising 256,524 patients were included. Overall, antihyperglycemic therapies reduced MACE by 9% [risk ratio (RR): 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–0.94; P < 0.001; I2 = 36.5%]. In meta-regression, every 1% greater reduction in HbA1c was associated with a 14% reduction in the RR of MACE (95% CI 4–24; P = 0.010), whereas bodyweight change was not associated with the RR of MACE. The magnitude of the reduction in MACE risk associated with HbA1c reduction was greater in trials with a higher baseline prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, antihyperglycemic therapies showed no overall significant effect on HF (RR: 0.95; 95% CI 0.87–1.04; P = 0.28; I2 = 75.9%). In a subgroup analysis based on intervention type, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) conferred the greatest HF risk reduction (RR: 0.68; 95% CI 0.62–0.75; P < 0.001; I2 = 0.0%). In meta-regression, every 1 kg bodyweight reduction, but not HbA1c reduction, was found to reduce the RR of HF by 7% (95% CI 4–10; P < 0.001); however, significant residual heterogeneity (P < 0.001) was observed, and SGLT2i reduced HF more than could be explained by HbA1c or bodyweight reductions.

Conclusions
Antihyperglycemic therapies reduce MACE in an HbA1c-dependent manner. These findings indicate that HbA1c can be a useful marker of MACE risk reduction across a wide range of antihyperglycemic therapies, including drugs with pleiotropic effects. In contrast, HF is reduced not in an HbA1c-dependent but in a bodyweight-dependent manner. Notably, SGLT2i have shown class-specific benefits for HF beyond HbA1c or bodyweight reductions.
Analysis and enhancement of the energy utilization efficiency of corn stover using strain Lsc-8 in a bioelectrochemical system
Authors: Cao Lianbin , Sun Hongmei , Ma Yamei , Lu Mingguo , Zhao Mengrui , Li Enzhong , Liu Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe strain Lsc-8 can produce a current density of 33.08 µA cm−2 using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a carbon source in a three-electrode configuration. A co-culture system of strain Lsc-8 and Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA was used to efficiently convert cellulose into electricity to improve the electricity generation capability of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The maximum current density achieved by the co-culture with CMC was 559 μA cm−2, which was much higher than that of strain Lsc-8 using CMC as the carbon source. The maximum power density reached 492.05 ± 52.63 mW cm−2, which is much higher than that previously reported. Interaction mechanism studies showed that strain Lsc-8 had the ability to secrete riboflavin and convert cellulose into acetic acid, which might be the reason for the high electrical production performance of the co-culture system. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, a co-culture or single bacteria system using agricultural straw as the carbon source to generate electricity has not been reported. In this study, the maximum current density of the three-electrode system inoculated with strain Lsc-8 was 14.56 μA cm−2 with raw corn stover as the sole carbon source. Raw corn stover as a carbon source was also investigated for use in a co-culture system. The maximum current density achieved by the co-culture was 592 μA cm−2. The co-culture system showed a similar electricity generation capability when using raw corn stover and when using CMC. This research shows for the first time that a co-culture or single bacteria system can realize both waste biomass treatment and waste power generation.
Cannabinoids in traumatic brain injury and related neuropathologies: preclinical and clinical research on endogenous, plant-derived, and synthetic compounds
Authors: Lins Brittney R. , Anyaegbu Chidozie C. , Hellewell Sarah C. , Papini Melissa , McGonigle Terence , De Prato Luca , Shales Matthew , Fitzgerald Melinda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury is common, and often results in debilitating consequences. Even mild traumatic brain injury leaves approximately 20% of patients with symptoms that persist for months. Despite great clinical need there are currently no approved pharmaceutical interventions that improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Increased understanding of the endocannabinoid system in health and disease has accompanied growing evidence for therapeutic benefits ofCannabis sativa. This has driven research of Cannabis’ active chemical constituents (phytocannabinoids), alongside endogenous and synthetic counterparts, collectively known as cannabinoids. Also of therapeutic interest are other Cannabis constituents, such as terpenes. Cannabinoids interact with neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, and exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects which are highly desirable for the management of traumatic brain injury. In this review, we comprehensively appraised the relevant scientific literature, where major and minor phytocannabinoids, terpenes, synthetic cannabinoids, and endogenous cannabinoids were assessed in TBI, or other neurological conditions with pathology and symptomology relevant to TBI, as well as recent studies in preclinical TBI models and clinical TBI populations.
Exercise suppresses neuroinflammation for alleviating Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wang Minghui , Zhang Hu , Liang Jiling , Huang Jielun , Chen Ning 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with the characteristics of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and senile plaque (SP) formation. Although great progresses have been made in clinical trials based on relevant hypotheses, these studies are also accompanied by the emergence of toxic and side effects, and it is an urgent task to explore the underlying mechanisms for the benefits to prevent and treat AD. Herein, based on animal experiments and a few clinical trials, neuroinflammation in AD is characterized by long-term activation of pro-inflammatory microglia and the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. Damaged signals from the periphery and within the brain continuously activate microglia, thus resulting in a constant source of inflammatory responses. The long-term chronic inflammatory response also exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress in microglia, which triggers microglia-dependent immune responses, ultimately leading to the occurrence and deterioration of AD. In this review, we systematically summarized and sorted out that exercise ameliorates AD by directly and indirectly regulating immune response of the central nervous system and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis to provide a new direction for exploring the neuroinflammation activity in AD.