bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of electrocardiographic abnormalities in the elderly with Chagas disease during 14 years of follow-up: The Bambui Cohort Study of Aging
Authors: Brito Bruno Oliveira Figueiredo , Lima Emilly Malveira , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Silva Eduardo Fernandes , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho 
Published: June 2023

Background
The natural history of Chagas disease (ChD) in older ages is largely unknown, and it is a matter of controversy if the disease continues to progress in the elderly.

Objective
To investigate the evolution of electrocardiographic abnormalities in T. cruzi chronically infected community-dwelling elderly compared to non-infected (NChD) subjects and how it affects this population’s survival in a follow-up of 14 years.

Methods and results
A 12-lead ECG of each individual of the Bambui Cohort Study of Aging was obtained in 1997, 2002, and 2008, and the abnormalities were classified using the Minnesota Code. The influence of ChD on the ECG evolution was assessed by semi-competing risks considering a new ECG abnormality as the primary event and death as the terminal event. A Cox regression model to evaluate the population survival was conducted at a landmark point of 5.5 years. The individuals of both groups were compared according to the following categories: Normal, Maintained, New, and More by the development of ECG major abnormalities between 1997 and 2002. Among the participants, the ChD group had 557 individuals (median age: 68 years) and NChD group had 905 individuals (median age: 67 years). ChD was associated with a higher risk of development of a new ECG abnormality [HR: 2.89 (95% CI 2.28–3.67)]. The development of a new major ECG abnormality increases the risk of death ChD patients compared to those that maintain a normal ECG [HR: 1.93 (95% CI 1.02–3.65)].

Conclusion
ChD is still associated with a higher risk of progression to cardiomyopathy in the elderly. The occurrence of a new major ECG abnormality in ChD patients predicts a higher risk of death.
PrEP awareness and use among reproductive age women in Miami, Florida
Authors: Nogueira Nicholas Fonseca , Luisi Nicole , Salazar Ana S. , Cherenack Emily M. , Raccamarich Patricia , Klatt Nichole R. , Jones Deborah L. , Alcaide Maria L. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Miami, Florida is an epicenter of the HIV epidemic in the US, with 20% of new HIV infections occurring in women. Despite effectiveness of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV, only 10% of eligible women benefit from its use.

Setting
This study evaluates PrEP awareness and use, and factors associated with PrEP awareness among sexually active women in Miami, Florida.

Methods
Results reported in this study included cross-sectional data that were collected as part of a baseline visit from a parent study. Cis-gender, HIV-negative, 18-45-year-old, sexually active women were recruited as part of a study evaluating recurrent bacterial vaginosis and HIV risk. Participants completed questionnaires assessing socio-demographics, HIV risk factors, prior history of HIV testing and reproductive tract infections, PrEP awareness and use. Relationships between variables and PrEP awareness were analyzed and multivariable logistic regression identified variables strongly associated with PrEP awareness.

Results
Among the 295 women enrolled, median age was 31 (24–38) years, 49% Black, 39% White, and 34% Hispanic. Of 63% who knew about PrEP, only 5% were on PrEP. Women with income below poverty line (OR = 2.00[1.04,3.87];p = 0.04), more male sexual partners in past month (OR = 1.30[1.01,1.68];p = 0.04), lifetime HIV testing (OR = 6.42[2.83,14.52];p<0.01), and current bacterial vaginosis (OR = 2.28[1.18,4.40];p = 0.01) were more likely to be aware of PrEP. Lower odds of PrEP awareness were associated with being Black (OR = 0.38[0.15,0.96];p = 0.04), Hispanic (OR = 0.18[0.08,0.39];p<0.01), heterosexual (OR = 0.29[0.11,0.77];p<0.01), and reporting inconsistent condom use during vaginal sex (OR = 0.21[0.08,0.56];p<0.01).

Conclusion
PrEP awareness is low among reproductive age women in a high-risk setting. Culturally tailored interventions are needed to increase PrEP awareness and uptake, especially among Black and Hispanic women with inconsistent condom use during vaginal sex with male partners.
Nadia Lamamra, Morgane Kuehni, Séverine Rey (dir.) – Finalités et usages de la formation professionnelle
Authors: Duemmler Kerstin 
Published: June 2023

Recensé : Nadia Lamamra, Morgane Kuehni, Séverine Rey (dir.), Finalités et usages de la formation professionnelle. Apprendre un métier, trouver un emploi, poursuivre ses études, Lausanne, Antipodes (« Existences et Sociétés »), 2021, 295 p.
EVALUASI KETERSEDIAAN PRASARANA PERMUKIMAN DI KELURAHAN WULUNG
Authors: Maharani Tifa Eri , Suwandono Djoko 
Published: June 2023

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan aktivitas masyarakat. Peningkatan aktivitas masyarakat perlu diimbangi dengan penyediaan prasarana penunjang yang memadai mengacu pada SNI 03-1733-2004. Sebagai pusat kegiatan lokal di Kecamatan Randublatung, kelurahan wulung dilengkapi prasarana yang cukup lengkap. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi ketersediaan prasarana permukiman di Kelurahan Wulung berdasarkan SNI dan persepsi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan komparatif. Analisis deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan untuk identifikasi hasil survei ketersediaan dan kondisi prasarana di lapangan serta hasil kuesioner. Analisis deskriptif komparatif digunakan untuk membandingkan hasil temuan dengan SNI dan persepsi masyarakat. Hasil yang didapat dalam penelitian ini yaitu ketersediaan prasarana permukiman di Kelurahan Wulung telah memenuhi standar dengan kondisi baik, permasalahan terjadi pada jaringan drainase yang mengalami penyumbatan akibat tanaman liar dan sampah, serta pada jaringan persampahan yang masih ditemukan sampah di pinggir jalan dan tepian sungai akibat kurangnya jangkauan pelayanan. Kata kunci: Evaluasi; Prasarana Permukiman; Persepsi Masyarakat; Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI).
Allometric scaling of metabolic rate and cardiorespiratory variables in aquatic and terrestrial mammals
Authors: He Rebecca S. , De Ruiter Stacy , Westover Tristan , Somarelli Jason A. , Blawas Ashley M. , Dayanidhi Divya L. , Singh Ana , Steves Benjamin , Driesinga Samantha , Halsey Lewis G. , Fahlman Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile basal metabolic rate (BMR) scales proportionally with body mass (Mb), it remains unclear whether the relationship differs between mammals from aquatic and terrestrial habitats. We hypothesized that differences in BMR allometry would be reflected in similar differences in scaling of O2 delivery pathways through the cardiorespiratory system. We performed a comparative analysis of BMR across 63 mammalian species (20 aquatic, 43 terrestrial) with a Mb range from 10 kg to 5318 kg. Our results revealed elevated BMRs in small (>10 kg and <100 kg) aquatic mammals compared to small terrestrial mammals. The results demonstrated that minute ventilation, that is, tidal volume (VT)·breathing frequency (fR), as well as cardiac output, that is, stroke volume·heart rate, do not differ between the two habitats. We found that the “aquatic breathing strategy”, characterized by higher VT and lower fR resulting in a more effective gas exchange, and by elevated blood hemoglobin concentrations resulting in a higher volume of O2 for the same volume of blood, supported elevated metabolic requirements in aquatic mammals. The results from this study provide a possible explanation of how differences in gas exchange may serve energy demands in aquatic versus terrestrial mammals.
Green synthesis of Kickxia elatine-induced silver nanoparticles and their role as anti-acetylcholinesterase in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Huda Noor Ul , Ghneim Hazem K. , Fozia Fozia , Ahmed Mushtaq , Mushtaq Nadia , Sher Naila , Khan Rahmat Ali , Ahmad Ijaz , Al-Sheikh Yazeed A. , Giesy John P. , Aboul-Soud Mourad A. M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the green method is favored as compared to chemical synthesis due to their appreciable properties of less toxicity and simple synthesis. The current study designed the biosynthesis of AgNPs in one step by using the plant Kickxia elatine (KE) extract and then investigated its inhibiting activity against rat’s brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ex vivo. Ultraviolet spectrum at 416 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. X-ray diffractometer calculated size was reported to be 42.47 nm. The SEM analysis confirmed spherical-shaped AgNPs. FT-IR suggested that the phytochemical groups present in the KE extract and their nanoparticles (NPs) are responsible for the biosynthesized of NPs. EDX analysis presented that Ag was the chief element with 61.67%. Both KE extract and AgNPs showed significant anti-AChE activity at 175 µg·mL−1. Statistical analysis showed that both KE and AgNPs exhibited non-competitive type inhibition against AChE, i.e. V
max decreased (34.17–68.64% and 22.29–62.10%), while K
m values remained constant. It is concluded that KE and AgNPs can be considered an inhibitor of rats’ brain AChE. Furthermore, the synthesis of AgNP-based drugs can be used as a cheaper and alternative option against diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.
The K+ and Mg2+ decreased the adsorption of soy hull polysaccharides on glycocholic acid in vitro
Authors: Yang Lina , Cao Shufang , Wang Ziyi , Xie Mengxi , Cai Wenqi , Shi Taiyuan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of ion on the interaction between soy hull polysaccharides (SHP) and glycocholic acid (GCA). The determination of bile acids (BAs) binding rate, FT-IR, and zeta potential revealed that the binding rate of SHP to GCA (fell about 14 %), hydrogen bond peak area (fell about 149), and zeta potential (fell about 13 %) showed a sharp downward trend after K+ and Mg2+ treatment. However, the apparent viscosity increased and the chain structure became closer, as detected by shear rheology and AFM analysis. The root mean square deviation, radius of gyration, and root mean square fluctuation levels were estimated through molecular dynamic simulations, revealing that adding mixed ions decreased the stability of the SHP–GCA complex at 50 ns. Therefore, it was meaningful to study the effect of ion species in the intestinal environment on the binding of dietary fibers to BAs. The findings might guide the selection of other food types during polysaccharide intake.
Optimization of divertor design for Pakistan spherical tokamak
Authors: Alam Ayesha , Ud-Din Khan Shahab , Abdullah Muhammad , Khan Riaz , Ilyas Muhammad , Chaudri Khurram Saleem , Ali Ahmad , Shakir Sehrish , Rehman Zia Ur , Zahid Shahzaib , Ali Rafaqat 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Handling the power deposition, reducing erosion effects, and plasma configuration are the key factors in the design of a divertor. The design of Pakistan Spherical Tokamak (PST) is based on double-null divertor configuration with actively cooled graphite targets at outer/inner strike point and peak heat flux range capacity of 0.1–0.3 MW/m2. The configuration of PST divertor module is designed with mock-up (used flat type tiles on baffles and dome) and cassette (support PFC and cooling channels) technology. Helium-cooled stage and water-cooled stage are two options for divertor. Therefore, one part of this research is focused on water-cooling system for the divertor. This paper presents the divertor design for PST with cooling channel and material analysis of the divertor, which is carried out in three phases. In the first phase, the plasma edge temperature, density, particle velocity, input power, heat flux, and surface temperature are estimated. In second phase, physics and engineering design of divertor system has been performed. In the third phase, COMSOL simulation has been performed to analyses the material properties, surface temperature rise (∆T °C) at stable heat flux, and thermal hydraulic system for the divertor. It is found from the analysis that the specific heat flux of 0.3 MW/m2 up to 3 s is the safe zone limit. The R & D work ratifies that manufacturing and installation processes are plausible for the proposed divertor design. This design is able to meet the requirement of PST. However, increasing time or specific heat flux beyond these limits would require redesigning of the cooling channel.
Arterial spin labeling for moyamoya angiopathy: A preoperative and postoperative evaluation method
Authors: Yuxue Sun , Yan Wang , Bingqian Xue , Hao Liang , Chaoyue Li 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Studies have shown that arterial spin labeling (ASL) effectively replaces traditional MRI perfusion imaging for detecting cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA). However, there are few reports on the relationship between neovascularization and cerebral perfusion in patients with MMA. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of neovascularization on cerebral perfusion with MMA after bypass surgery.

Methods
We selected patients with MMA in the Department of Neurosurgery between September 2019 and August 2021 and enrolled them based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. ASL imaging was used to monitor the baseline CBF level before surgery and determine the changes in cerebral vessels at postoperative 1 week and 6 months, respectively. The Alberta stroke grade, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and digital subtraction angiography images were used to evaluate the effect of postoperative CBF status and prognosis. Ninety hemispheres from 51 patients were included in this study. There were no significant differences in the baseline data of the enrolled patients. At 1 week and 6 months post-surgery, the CBF state in the operation area was significantly changed compared with that at baseline (P < 0.05). The preoperative Alberta score (t = 2.714, P = 0.013) and preoperative mRS score (t = 6.678, P < 0.001) correlated with postoperative neovascularization.

Conclusion
ASL is an effective method for detecting CBF and plays an important role in the long-term follow-up of patients with MMA. Combined cerebral revascularization significantly improves CBF in the operation area both in the short and long terms. Patients with lower preoperative Alberta scores and higher mRS scores were more likely to benefit from combined cerebral revascularization surgery. However, regardless of the type of patient, CBF reconstruction can effectively improve prognosis.
A review on advanced research of combine life of polystyrene (hard) and organic polymer (soft) materials: from 2018 to present
Authors: Arif Muhammad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The utilization of a combination of soft and hard materials with a core shell morphology (CSM) represents a distinctive approach for harnessing the properties of a single material. This field has garnered significant attention over the past decade. Core shell systems based on polystyrene offer a remarkable amalgamation of a solid component (polystyrene) and a flexible organic polymer, thereby enhancing the potential for catalysis, biological applications, and environmental studies within the core shell system (CSS). Various configurations of polystyrene-based CSS have been extensively documented in existing literature. The structural design of CSS plays a pivotal role in determining its applicability, which is why a specific morphology is depicted for each unique application. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the classification, synthesis, properties, characterization, and applications of polystyrene-based CSS. Additionally, it briefly discusses the recent developments in drug delivery, sensing, environmental studies, and catalysis involving polystyrene-based CSS over the past six years.
Trends in Office-Based Anxiety Treatment Among US Children, Youth, and Young Adults: 2006–2018
Authors: Chavez Laura J. , Gardner William , Tyson Danielle , Pajer Kathleen , Rosic Tea , Kemper Alex R. , Kelleher Kelly 
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Anxiety disorder diagnoses in office-based settings increased for children through the mid-2010s, but recent changes in diagnosis and treatment are not well understood. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate recent trends in anxiety disorder diagnosis and treatment among children, adolescents, and young adults.

METHODS
This study used serial cross-sectional data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2006–2018), a nationally representative annual survey of US office-based visits. Changes in anxiety disorder diagnosis and 4 treatment categories (therapy alone, therapy and medications, medications alone, or neither) are described across 3 periods (2006–2009, 2010–2013, 2014–2018). Multinomial logistic regression compared differences in treatment categories, adjusting for age group, sex, and race/ethnicity, contrasting the last and middle periods with the first.

RESULTS
The overall proportion of office visits with an anxiety disorder diagnosis significantly increased from 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–1.7; n = 9 246 921 visits) in 2006 to 2009 to 4.2% (95% CI 3.4–5.2; n = 23 120 958 visits) in 2014 to 2018. The proportion of visits with any therapy decreased from 48.8% (95% CI 40.1–57.6) to 32.6% (95% CI 24.5–41.8), but there was no significant change in the overall use of medications. The likelihood of receiving medication alone during office visits was significantly higher in the last, relative to the first period (relative risk ratio = 2.42, 95% CI 1.24–4.72).

CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of outpatient visits that included a diagnosis of anxiety increased over time, accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of visits with therapy.
The translator's visibility: A stylistic perspective
Authors: Sun Boyang , Yue Ming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNo agreement has yet been reached as to whether translators are visible or not in translation. To answer this question, we first chose Lin Yutang and James Legge as cases, supplemented their translations with their originals, and then applied Principal Component Analysis along with N-MFW metrics to the texts for their stylistic features. In our cases, we found that (1) for each translator, the styles of their originals and translations vary; (2) for both translators, the styles of their translations converge for the same source text; (3) the two translators preserve only part of their stylistic fingerprints in their translations, suggesting the existence of a powerful compensation mechanism. Our findings bring new insights into the translator's style, help settle the (in)visibility dispute, and illustrate effective metrics for developing translator identification tools.
PENGARUH PERILAKU KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DAN IKLIM ORGANISASI TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS SEKOLAH (Studi Deskriptif Analitik di SMP Negeri Kota Bandung)
Authors: Ruyani Nur Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

Peningkatan efektivitas di sekolah ditentukan oleh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah. Dengan kata lain, kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang tidak mampu mewujudkan suasana nyaman bagi terciptanya iklim sekolah yang kondusif bagi para guru pada gilirannya akan berimbas pada menurunnya tingkat efektivitas sebuah sekolah. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, permasalahan penelitian ini berfokus pada bagaimana gambaran/deskripsi perilaku kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, iklim organisasi dan efektivitas sekolah? serta apakah perilaku kepemimpinan dan iklim organisasi berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas sekolah di SMP N Kota Bandung?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif analitik dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu guru SMP N Kota Bandung yang berjumlah 1675 orang. Sedangkan sampel yang diambil dari penelitian ini berdasarkan perhitungan berjumlah 132 orang guru dari 33 sekolah. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh gambaran bahwa di SMP N Kota Bandung: (1) perilaku kepemimpinan kepala sekolahnya lebih berorientasi terhadap tugas (inisiasi struktur); (2) iklim organisasinya secara keseluruhan bersifat kondusif bagi proses belajar mengajar; (3) sekolahnya termasuk kategori sekolah efektif; serta (4) variabel perilaku kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan iklim organisasi secara bersama-sama maupun sendiri-sendiri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel efektivitas sekolah. Increased effectiveness in school determined by school leadership. In other words, the principal leadership is not able to realize a comfortable atmosphere for the creation of a school climate that is conducive for teachers in turn will impact on the decrease in effectiveness of a school. Based on this background, this study focuses on the problem of how a picture/description of the behavior of school leadership, organizational climate and school effectiveness ? and whether leadership behavior and organizational climate affect the effectiveness of junior high school in Bandung ?. This study used a descriptive analytic methods with quantitative approaches. The population in this study is teacher of SMP N Bandung, which amounted to 1675 people. While the samples were taken from this study is based on the calculation of amounts to 132 teachers from 33 schools. Based on the analysis of the data indicated that in SMP N Bandung : (1) its principal leadership behavior is more oriented towards the task (initiation of structure ; (2) overall organizational climate is conducive to the learning process ; (3) effective school including school category ; and (4) variable principal leadership behavior and organizational climate jointly or individually significant and positive effect on school effectiveness variables.