bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Deep Learning Models Select Portrait Images Like Humans? : Subjective and Objective Approaches
Authors: Karimi Maryam , Razzaghi Parvin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The efficiency of portrait image selection and analysis systems is completely dependent on the quality of the face image, which depends on various factors. Since real-time manual selection of high-quality portrait photos from a sequence of different frames or images is usually impossible, using automatic methods can be useful in selecting photos, especially in large collections. On the other hand, existing automatic methods may not be able to perform like humans in portrait classification. These methods may consider only special factors like emotional state or gaze direction to select an image. In this work, we tried to simulate human choices for intelligent systems in portrait images and investigate whether our model can act like a human in choosing portraits. To achieve this goal, a large collection of facial images was collected, and under a subjective quality assessment study, each of the 200 images was judged by more than 80 people. The results obtained from this study were used to assign binary ground truth labels to the portrait images. In the following, a deep classifier network using transfer learning and the fine-tuning approach is proposed, which is learned end-to-end to select good portrait images objectively. Quantitative and qualitative results show that this model performs better than state-of-the-art image classification networks. In addition, our qualitative evaluation showed that our model can separate good portrait images in the way that humans do. Therefore, this model can be reliably used in mobile phones, digital Cameras, and other imaging systems.
Quest for Discovering Novel CDK12 Inhibitor by Leveraging High-Throughput Virtual Screening
Authors: Debnath Abhijit , Mazumder Rupa , Mazumder Avijit , Singh Rajesh , Srivast Shikha , Chaudhary Hema , Mangal Saloni , Saifi Sameer , Pandey Pratibha , Singh Sachin Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
CDK12 is essential for cellular processes like RNA processing, transcription, and cell cycle regulation, inhibiting cancer cell growth and facilitating macrophage invasion. CDK12 is a significant oncogenic factor in various cancers, including HER2-positive breast cancer, Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, and Ewing sarcoma. It is also regarded as a potential biomarker, emphasizing its broader significance in oncology. Targeting CDK12 offers a promising strategy to develop therapy. Various monoclonal antibodies have drawn wide attention, but they are expensive compared to small-molecule inhibitors, limiting their accessibility and affordability for patients. Thus, in this research, we have tried to identify potent CDK12 inhibitors by employing extensive high-throughput virtual screening. RASPD protocol has been employed to screen three different databases against the target followed by drug-likeness, molecular docking, ADME, toxicity, Consensus molecular docking, and MD Simulation. The research conducted yielded one compound that have demonstrated robust binding affinity, favorable ADME features, little toxicity, and exceptional stability. The promotion of cancer cell death can be achieved by inhibiting CDK12 using this compound that have been identified.
Categorization of continuous covariates and complex regression models – friends or foes in intersectionality research
Authors: Richter Adrian , Ulbricht Sabina , Brockhaus Sarah 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Studies of intersectionality are increasing to examine health inequalities. Different proposals for examining intersections have recently been published. One approach (1) considers models specified with 1st and all 2nd -order effects and another (2) the stratification based on multiple covariates; both categorize continuous covariates. A simulation study was conducted in order to review both methods with regard to correct identification of intersections, rate of false positive results, and generalizability to independent data compared to an established approach (3) of backward variable elimination according to Bayesian information criterium (BE-BIC).
Study design and setting:
Two basically different settings were simulated with 1000 replications: (1) comprised the covariates age, sex, body mass index, education, and diabetes in which no association was present between covariates and a continuous response and (2), comprising the same covariates, and a non-linear interaction term of age and sex, i.e., a non-linear increase in females above middle age formed the intersection of interest. The sample size (N = 200 to N = 3000) and signal to noise ratios (SNR, 0.5 to 4) were varied. In each simulated dataset bootstrap with replacement was used to fit the model to internal learning data and to predict outcomes using the fitted models in these data as well as the internal validation data. In both, the mean squared error (MSE) was calculated.
Results
In simulation setting 1, approaches 1/2 generated spurious effects in more than 90% of simulations across all sample sizes. In smaller sample size, approach 3 (BE-BIC) selected 36.5% the correct model, in larger sample size in 89.8% and always had a lower number of spurious effects. MSE in independent data was generally higher for approaches 1/2 when compared to 3. In simulation setting 2, approach 1 selected most frequently the correct interaction but frequently showed spurious effects (> 75%). Across all sample sizes and SNR, approach 3 generated least often spurious results and had lowest MSE in independent data.
Conclusion
Categorization of continuous covariates is detrimental to studies on intersectionality. Due to high model complexity such approaches are prone to spurious effects and often lack interpretability. Approach 3 (BE-BIC) is considerably more robust against spurious findings, showed better generalizability to independent data, and can be used with most statistical software. For intersectionality research we consider it more important to describe relevant intersections rather than all possible intersections.
Оптимальное мультилокусное HLA-типирование у потенциальных доноров аллогенных гемопоэтических стволовых клеток
Authors: Хамаганова Екатерина Георгиевна , Хижинский С. П. , Кузьминова Е. П. , Абдрахимова А. Р. , Леонов Е. А. , Гапонова Т. В. , Паровичникова Е. Н. 
Published: September 2023

Background. HLA-typing and matched donor selection as well as the detection of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies are essential for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). In accordance with the guidelines of the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) optimal HLA-typing is performed on 11 HLA genes (-A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DRB3/4/5, ‐DQA1, ‐DQB1, ‐DPA1, and ‐DPB1) with an adequate coverage aiming to obtain the values at the two-field level.
Aim. To assess the results of multi-locus HLA-typing in bone marrow/hematopoietic cell donors from the database at the National Research Center for Hematology in terms of their conformance with the CIBMTR guidelines for allo-HSCT and to analyze the frequency and distribution of HLA alleles and multi-locus HLA haplotypes.
Materials & Methods. The study enrolled 3485 donors who were HLA-typed by next-generation sequencing.
Results. In all donors, the alleles of HLA class I genes were identified at the fourth-field level (nucleotide sequence). When the results were reduced to the second-field level (amino acid sequence), 61 HLA-A, 92 HLA-B, and 49 HLA-C alleles were detected. The alleles of class II genes were discovered either at the two-field or high-resolution levels. Among the HLA-DRB locus genes, 57 DRB1, 11 DRB3, 6 DRB4, and 5 DRB5 alleles were identified. Also, 23 HLA-DQA1, 30 HLA-DQB1, 14 HLA-DPA1, and 33 HLA-DPB1 alleles were detected. There were reported 3289 different HLA haplotypes of A-B-C-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1-DPA1-DPB1 genes.
Conclusion. The database created at the National Research Center for Hematology includes potential bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell donors typed for 11 classical polymorphic genes HLA-A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DRB3/4/5, ‐DQA1, ‐DQB1, ‐DPA1, and -DPB1, which is in line with the guidelines of CIBMTR. The frequency and distribution of HLA alleles and multi-locus HLA haplotypes in our donors correspond to those in populations of European origin. HLA-typing and donor selection with regard to 11 HLA genes will contribute to improving the outcomes of both unrelated and haploidentical HSCTs.
Contact dermatitis: etiopathogenetic aspects of the formation of the clinical picture and the rational choice of external therapy
Authors: Tlish M. M. , Shavilova M. E. 
Published: September 2023

Contact dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases in many countries, especially among occupational dermatoses. This pathology is considered as an inflammatory skin disease caused by direct exposure to environmental factors. Obligate irritants have a direct damaging effect on the cells of the epidermis and, due to the activation of the predominantly innate immune system, lead to the development of dermatitis in any person. The action of facultative irritants is associated with a delayed type IV cell-mediated allergic reaction, which causes the development of the disease when exposed to substances with sensitizing properties in predisposed individuals. The severity and nature of the symptoms of contact dermatitis depend both on the type of irritant and on the individual characteristics of the organism. A necessary condition for the effectiveness of the treatment of contact dermatitis is the elimination of the allergen. To suppress the inflammatory response, topical glucocorticosteroids are the first-line drugs. The ease of use and the speed of relief of the symptoms of the disease can lead to the uncontrolled use of this group of drugs, in this regard, the article provides an analysis of the necessary conditions and rules for the use of topical glucocorticosteroids. Attention is focused on the risk of developing skin xerosis when they are prescribed. A modern method for the prevention of epidermal barrier dysfunction based on the use of preparations containing topical glucocorticosteroid in combination with ceramides is described. We present our own clinical observations of patients with contact dermatitis treated with this drug, while demonstrating a pronounced positive dynamics of the skin pathological process and regression of subjective symptoms without the development of side effects.
Skin microbiome in patients with acne
Authors: Dvoriankova E. V. , Denieva M. I. , Khismatullina Z. R. 
Published: September 2023

In the past few years, our formulation of the role of Cutibacterium acnes in the pathophysiology of acne has undergone a paradigm shift. According to modern concepts, this disease is caused by not C. acnes hyperproliferation, but an imbalance between various phylotypes of this microorganism that develops due to changes in the skin microbiome composition.Antibiotics are medicines that are usually used to treat this disease. However, the need to use them for a long time, which causes skin dysbacteriosis, increasing resistance to antibiotics, as well as new understanding of the pathophysiology of acne encourage to change the direction of acne treatment. The use of topical benzoyl peroxide and antibiotic combination products not only improves the effectiveness of therapy, especially for inflammatory acne, but also prevents the development of antibiotic resistant pathogenic microflora. Benzoyl peroxide is a lipophilic substance that concentrates in the skin inside the sebaceous hair follicles, producing benzoic acid and reactive oxygen species. Benzoyl peroxide as an oxidizing agent can suppress the synthesis of proteins and nucleotides, activities of mitochondria in microorganisms through inhibiting their growth and reproduction. The combination of this component and antibiotics contributes to the synergy of their action, and effectively reduces inflammation and acne. As examples, we present the clinical case reports of a 20-year-old patient S., who complained of rashes on the facial skin at puberty, as well as an 18-year-old patient A. with rashes on her face. These cases showed that the topical drug was well tolerated, and the only undesirable side effect reported was a feeling of skin tightness.
Experience in using minoxidil product line for the treatment of stress-induced non scarring alopecia
Authors: Katkhanova O. A. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Sustained stress can promote the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as INF-ɣ, which leads to inflammation and results in apoptosis, cell senescence, and disruption of hair growth cycles. It is important to know that a somatic disease itself can become a stress factor. In our case it is a hair loss, which provokes a reactive anxiety-depressive state (nosogenic reaction), often affected by predominant anxious fears for one's health.Aim. To study the efficacy and tolerability of the updated composition of ALERANA® 5% topical spray combined with ALERANA® Serum BIO active complex for hair growth containing minoxidil for the treatment of stress-induced nonscarring alopecia.Materials and methods. A study of ALERANA minoxidil products was conducted. All patients (50 people) underwent comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination and trichoscopic diagnosis. Signs of psycho-emotional distress were diagnosed in 56%, symptoms of autonomic disorders (palpitations, hot flushes, red dermographism, hyperhidrosis) in 21%, sleep disorders in 48%, change in appetite in 18%, muscle tension, spasms in 12%.Results. The amount of hair significantly increased during complex therapy. In the first 3 months of therapy, the average gain was 17%. The appearance of new hair in the parietal and temporal areas, as well as a decline in the number of single follicular units were also observed. ALERANA® spray is highly effective, well tolerated by patients and can be prescribed both as a monotherapy as well as in combination with systemic and local drugs.Conclusion. Identification of mental disorders in patients with chronic types of hair loss, such as alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia, appears to be an important stage during examination of this group of dermatological patients. The condition for the choice of optimal therapy for a patient is rooted in understanding the pathogenetic factors and correction of possible causes of hair loss. The key to successful treatment of diffuse alopecia is a comprehensive, multifactorial and personalized approach.
Clinical case of the sepsis development in a patient with bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Bulanov M. N. , Kazakov A. A. , Khamaganova I. V. , Kazakova P. O. , Potapova S. V. 
Published: September 2023

Patients with rare diseases, particularly skin conditions, can be particularly problematic for doctors of intensive care units. The present study shows the features of the course of sepsis in bullous pemphigoid in terms of clinical case management. A 66-year-old patient with polymorbid pathology was admitted for scheduled hospitalization to the Endocrinology Department with a diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with multiple complications, and examined. She complained of pain in the small of the back and abdomen irradiating to the inguinal region, and increased oedema of the lower extremities. A few hours after admission to the Endocrinology Department, she was transferred to the intensive care unit due to the deterioration of her condition. Analysis of the severity and prognosis assessment of her condition was performed: 9 scores according to SOFA, 20 scores according to APACHE II. The patient underwent clinical, laboratory (biochemical, immunological, bacteriological, cancer markers, blood gases), instrumental methods of examination (Doppler ultrasonography of the lower extremity veins, brain MRI, chest MRI, lumbar puncture). A skin biopsy for morphological study was taken. The analysis of test results showed a critical condition of the patient with a high risk of death, which was prognostically dangerous. Bullous pemphigoid diagnosis was established by morphological and immunological assays. The patient was prescribed therapy with due account for her polymorbidities: prednisolone 80 mg orally, antibiotic therapy, later on she was transferred to the mechanical ventilation. A session of substitutive renal therapy CVVHD using the Prismaflex system was performed. After treatment, improvement was observed. Over the 3-month follow-up care, the patient's condition has been stabilised. It is critical for doctors of various specialties to identify signs of bullous pemphigoid in a timely manner, assess the risk of developing sepsis and take appropriate therapeutic measures in case of secondary infection, as the polymorbidity of pathological conditions can lead to death.
Efficacy and safety assessment of netakimab in scalp psoriasis
Authors: Kurdina M. I. , Kolenko N. G. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Scalp psoriasis is a common disease that has a long, recurrent course with severe desquamation, dryness and itching of the skin. The location of the pathological process in an aesthetically significant area, constant therapy leads to low satisfaction and adherence to treatment and, as a result, to a pronounced decrease in the quality of life.Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of netakimab in psoriasis of the scalp.Materials and methods. 52 adult patients (n = 52) with psoriasis of the face and scalp were under observation. The severity of the psoriatic lesion of the scalp was determined using the PSSI index (Psoriasis Severity Scalp Index). The assessment was carried out before the start of treatment, in the first week, and then every 4 weeks up to and including 52 weeks. The Dermatological Quality of Life Index (DLQI) – were determined by questionnaires before the start of treatment, at the 12th and 52nd weeks. All patients on an outpatient basis received netakimab monotherapy at a dose of 120 mg in the form of two subcutaneous injections of 1 ml (60 mg) of the drug, each administered once a week at weeks 0, 1 and 2, then 1 time every 4 weeks. The total duration of treatment for each patient was 1 year (52 weeks). The safety of netakimab was evaluated based on the development of adverse events and local reactions to the administration of the drug.Results. The results of the study (n = 52) for 52 weeks showed high efficacy of netakimab. 48% of patients achieved PSSI 90 by the week 12 of treatment and 77% of patients achieved PSSI 90 by the week 52, itching of the scalp significantly decreased and the quality of life improved. During the 52 weeks of the study, there were no cases of early withdrawal due to adverse events and cases of serious adverse events.Conclusion. Based on the study results we recommend netakimab for medical use among patients with moderate and severe scalp psoriasis.
Bacterial Composition of Dairy Base during Fermentation
Authors: Gryaznova Mariya , Burakova Inna , Smirnova Yuliya , Nesterova Ekaterina , Rodionova Natalia , Popov Evgeniy , Syromyatnikov Mikhail , Popov Vasily 
Published: September 2023

Probiotic starters are a biological product based on lactic acid bacteria. Their metabolic characteristics determine the properties of the final products. This study evaluated the bacterial composition of a starter culture at various time intervals during the fermentation of a probiotic dairy product.
The starter consisted of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophiles, Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobactreium animalis ssp. lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lacticaseibacillus casei. Pasteurized milk served as the object of fermentation. The starter culture was activated in sterilized skimmed milk. Sampling occurred throughout the entire fermentation process (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 h). To determine the microbiome of the substrates, the authors used the next-generation high-throughput sequencing that targeted V3 of 16S rRNA gene.
The fermentation resulted in a decrease in Bifidobacterium and an increase in Lactobacillus, which peaked (97.5%) after 15 h of fermentation. Each sampling showed that the count of Streptococcus went down. Eventually, Lactobacillus replaced all other genera, including Bifidobacterium, probably, as a result of pH going down during fermentation. The optimal values for the proliferation of Lactobacillus (pH = 4.2–4.4), which were registered after 18 h, turned out to be too low for the productive growth of Bifidobacterium.
The research demonstrated the changes in the bacterial composition of the dairy base during fermentation. The high-throughput sequencing proved to be an efficient tool in controlling probiotic fermentation processes.
Estimation of possible extreme droughts for a dam catchment in Korea using a regional-scale weather model and long short-term memory network
Authors: Shin Mun-Ju , Jung Yong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To prepare measures to respond to climate-induced extreme droughts, consideration of various weather conditions is necessary. This study tried to generate extreme drought weather data using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and apply it to the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), a deep learning artificial intelligence model, to produce the runoff instead of using conventional rainfall–runoff models. Finally, the standardized streamflow index (SSFI), the hydrological drought index, was calculated using the generated runoff to predict extreme droughts. As a result, the sensitivity test of meteorological data to runoff showed that using similar types of meteorological data could not improve runoff simulations with a maximum difference of 0.02 in Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. During the drought year of 2015, the runoff generated by WRF and LSTM exhibited reduced monthly runoffs and more severe SSFI values below −2 compared to the observed data. This shows the significance of WRF-generated meteorological data in simulating potential extreme droughts based on possible physical atmospheric conditions using numerical representations. Furthermore, LSTM can simulate runoff without requiring specific physical data of the target catchment; therefore, it can simulate runoff in any catchment, including those in developing countries with limited data.
Assessment of drought using different tests and drought indices in Elazig, Turkey
Authors: Kartal Veysi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Water is one of the most essential elements for human life and must be provided for life requirements. Historical changes in meteorological data are vital for the planning and operation of water management. A total of 516-time series were used to evaluate the characteristics of drought in Elazig in Turkey. In this study, meteorological drought analysis was carried out in monthly and annual periods by using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI, Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA), and China-Z Index (CZI) drought indices. As a result, it was determined that there was an increase in dry periods for all time scales for eight meteorological stations, especially in 2000 and after. A downward trend was detected in precipitation data, while an upward trend was detected in temperature and evaporation data based on a 95% confidence interval. Although normal drought has the highest share among drought categories, very severe drought has the lowest share. it is determined that SPI gives more sensitive results in the very severe drought category than the SPEI index. As a result, the region's trend of rain and temperature will assist water management for resource planning.