bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme Surface Energy Budget Anomalies in the High Arctic in Winter
Authors: Murto Sonja , Papritz Lukas , Messori Gabriele , Caballero Rodrigo , Svensson Gunilla , Wernli Heini 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, the Arctic has warmed faster than the global mean, especially during winter. This has been attributed to various causes, with recent studies highlighting the importance of enhanced downward infrared radiation associated with anomalous inflow of warm, moist air from lower latitudes. Here, we study wintertime surface energy budget (SEB) anomalies over Arctic sea ice on synoptic time scales, using ERA5 (1979–2020). We introduce a new algorithm to identify areas with extreme, positive daily mean SEB anomalies and connect them to form spatiotemporal life cycle events. Most of these events are associated with large-scale inflow from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, driven by poleward deflection of the storm track and blocks over northern Eurasia and Alaska. Events originate near the ice edge, where they have roughly equal contributions of net longwave radiation and turbulent fluxes to the positive SEB anomaly. As the events move farther into the Arctic, SEB anomalies decrease due to weakening sensible and latent heat-flux anomalies, while the surface temperature anomaly increases toward the peak of the events along with the downward longwave radiation anomaly. Due to these temporal and spatial differences, the largest SEB anomalies are not always related to strongest surface warming. Thus, studying temperature anomalies alone might not be sufficient to determine sea ice changes. This study highlights the importance of turbulent fluxes in driving SEB anomalies and downward longwave radiation in determining local surface warming. Therefore, both processes need to be accurately represented in climate models.

Significance Statement
Mechanisms behind wintertime rapid Arctic warming and sea ice growth changes are not well understood. While much is known about the impact of radiative fluxes on both sea ice variability and surface warming, the relative importance of radiative and turbulent fluxes remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to clarify what controls surface energy budget (SEB) anomalies over sea ice. Along the life cycle of synoptic-scale events, positive SEB anomalies are shown to decrease and surface temperature anomalies increase after their onset. Additionally, variations in SEB anomalies are primarily controlled by turbulent fluxes, while downward longwave radiative fluxes are mainly responsible for surface temperature variations. These results highlight the need for accurate representations of these fluxes for predicting future Arctic climate.
Evaluation of SWER(Ze) Relationships by Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP) during ICE-POP 2018
Authors: Tokay Ali , Helms Charles N. , Kim Kwonil , Gatlin Patrick N. , Wolff David B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Improving estimation of snow water equivalent rate (SWER) from radar reflectivity (Ze), known as a SWER(Ze) relationship, is a priority for NASA’s Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission ground validation program as it is needed to comprehensively validate spaceborne precipitation retrievals. This study investigates the performance of eight operational and four research-based SWER(Ze) relationships utilizing Precipitation Imaging Probe (PIP) observations from the International Collaborative Experiment for Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games (ICE-POP 2018) field campaign. During ICE-POP 2018, there were 10 snow events that are classified by synoptic conditions as either cold low or warm low, and a SWER(Ze) relationship is derived for each event. Additionally, a SWER(Ze) relationship is derived for each synoptic classification by merging all events within each class. Two new types of SWER(Ze) relationships are derived from PIP measurements of bulk density and habit classification. These two physically based SWER(Ze) relationships provided superior estimates of SWER when compared to the operational, event-specific, and synoptic SWER(Ze) relationships. For estimates of the event snow water equivalent total, the event-specific, synoptic, and best-performing operational SWER(Ze) relationships outperformed the physically based SWER(Ze) relationship, although the physically based relationships still performed well. This study recommends using the density or habit-based SWER(Ze) relationships for microphysical studies, whereas the other SWER(Ze) relationships are better suited toward hydrologic application.
A Deep Learning Data Fusion Model Using Sentinel-1/2, SoilGrids, SMAP, and GLDAS for Soil Moisture Retrieval
Authors: Batchu Vishal , Nearing Grey , Gulshan Varun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We develop a deep learning–based convolutional-regression model that estimates the volumetric soil moisture content in the top ∼5 cm of soil. Input predictors include Sentinel-1 (active radar) and Sentinel-2 (multispectral imagery), as well as geophysical variables from SoilGrids and modeled soil moisture fields from SMAP and GLDAS. The model was trained and evaluated on data from ∼1000 in situ sensors globally over the period 2015–21 and obtained an average per-sensor correlation of 0.707 and ubRMSE of 0.055 m3 m−3, and it can be used to produce a soil moisture map at a nominal 320-m resolution. These results are benchmarked against 14 other soil moisture evaluation research works at different locations, and an ablation study was used to identify important predictors.

Significance Statement
Soil moisture is a key variable in various agriculture and water management systems. Accurate and high-resolution estimates of soil moisture have multiple downstream benefits such as reduced water wastage by better understanding and managing the consumption of water, utilizing smarter irrigation methods and effective canal water management. We develop a deep learning–based model that estimates the volumetric soil moisture content in the top ∼5 cm of soil at a nominal 320-m resolution. Our results demonstrate that machine learning is a useful tool for fusing different modalities with ease, while producing high-resolution models that are not location specific. Future work could explore the possibility of using temporal input sources to further improve model performance.
Exploring Intra-arterial Contrast Administration for Intraoperative Imaging Using a Swine Model
Authors: Treffalls Rebecca N. , Poe Kelly , Abdou Hossam , Stonko David P. , Edwards Joseph , DeMartino Randall R. , Ptak Thomas , Morrison Jonathan J. 
Published: February 2023

Intraoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging with endovascular delivery of intra-arterial (IA) contrast could potentially provide higher attenuation with lower contrast volumes than intravenous (IV) administration. We aimed to compare IA and IV contrast use for organ-specific CT abdominal imaging. Five anesthetized swine had external jugular and brachial artery access with ascending aortic pigtail placement. An IV protocol was 100 mL at 5 mL/sec over 20 sec vs 50 mL of IA contrast at 5 mL/sec over 10 sec. Region-of-interest markers were applied to anatomical regions to measure attenuation (HU) over time. IA and IV contrast protocols achieved adequate aortic opacification (IA, 455 ± 289 vs IV, 450 ± 114 HU). The IA contrast aortic attenuation curve reached peak attenuation compared with IV contrast (IA, 8 vs 23 sec; P < .001). Time to peak attenuation was similar between IA and IV contrast in the portal vein (IA, 38 vs IV, 42 sec, P = .25). IA administration achieved a superior contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in less time compared with IV (R2 = .94; P < .001). IA contrast achieved adequate opacification with less bolus broadening and a superior CNR compared with IV contrast while using a smaller contrast volume for directed organ-directed imaging.
Falsely elevated thyroid hormone levels associated with fibrin interference in patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy
Authors: Tokumaru Mitsuaki , Ohba Kenji , Kashiwabara Yumiko , Takase Hiroyuki , Hayashi Chiga , Iwaki Takayuki , Suzuki Yasuhide , Matsushita Akio , Sasaki Shigekazu , Suda Takafumi , Maekawa Masato 
Published: February 2023

Objective Unique clinical courses were observed in two asymptomatic patients receiving warfarin who referred to our hospital because of suspected central hyperthyroidism. We eventually diagnosed these patients with falsely elevated thyroid hormone levels caused by macroscopically invisible fibrin. Although false results caused by fibrin interference in vitro have been identified in various immunoassays, especially in blood samples from patients receiving anticoagulant therapy, no studies on thyroid function testing have been reported. The experience in evaluating these cases prompted us to investigate the independent influence of oral anticoagulants via putative fibrin interference on thyroid function testing. Methods We retrospectively reviewed known contributing factors that affect thyroid function testing including age, gender, medication history, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and the seasons of hospital visits from participants who presented the Department of Health Checkup between April 2010 and December 2020. Results A propensity-matched analysis revealed that the median serum free thyroxine levels under oral anticoagulant were significantly higher (17.9 pmol/L, n = 60) than those without anticoagulants (16.0 pmol/L, n = 60; p < 0.001). It was noted that this difference was the largest among contributing factors we analyzed. No significant differences were noted in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. Conclusions We report two patients receiving warfarin with falsely elevated thyroid hormone levels caused by fibrin interference resembling central hyperthyroidism for the first time. Our retrospective study suggests that the medication status of oral anticoagulants should be considered when evaluating thyroid function tests.
Child abuse misdiagnosed as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: A case report
Authors: Madi Aya , Khanfri Leila , Agarrab Noura , Ait Boughima Fadila 
Published: February 2023

Child abuse is a sensitive subject, and its diagnosis is sometimes difficult and requires awareness among physicians of the conditions that can mimic its symptoms. We report the case of a child aged two years and eight months who, according to his mother, had suffered multiple traumas of accidental and spontaneous occurrence for which he was admitted several times to the Children's University Hospital Ibn Sina in Rabat. The diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was made following the first skin biopsy. During the last admission, the child presented with a bleeding wound that raised the nursing team's doubts; hence, they requested a medico-legal opinion. Our examination confirmed a diagnosis of physical abuse.
Shared genetics and causal relationships between migraine and thyroid function traits
Authors: Tasnim Sana , Wilson Scott G , Walsh John P , Nyholt Dale R ,   The International Headache Genetics Consortium (IHGC)
Published: February 2023

Background Epidemiological studies have reported a comorbid relationship between migraine and thyroid dysfunction. Methods We investigated the genetic relationship between migraine and thyroid function traits using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Results We found a significant genetic correlation ( rg) with migraine for hypothyroidism ( rg = 0.0608), secondary hypothyroidism ( rg = 0.195), free thyroxine (fT4) ( rg = 0.0772), and hyperthyroidism ( rg = –0.1046), but not thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Pairwise GWAS analysis revealed two shared loci with TSH and 11 shared loci with fT4. Cross-trait GWAS meta-analysis of migraine identified novel genome-wide significant loci: 17 with hypothyroidism, one with hyperthyroidism, five with secondary hypothyroidism, eight with TSH, and 15 with fT4. Of the genes at these loci, six ( RERE, TGFB2, APLF, SLC9B1, SGTB, BTBD16; migraine + hypothyroidism), three ( GADD45A, PFDN1, RSPH6A; migraine + TSH), and three ( SSBP3, BRD3, TEF; migraine + fT4) were significant in our gene-based analysis ( pFisher’s combined P-value < 2.04 × 10−6). In addition, causal analyses suggested a negative causal relationship between migraine and hyperthyroidism ( p = 8.90 × 10−3) and a positive causal relationship between migraine and secondary hypothyroidism ( p = 1.30 × 10−3). Conclusion These findings provide strong evidence for genetic correlation and suggest complex causal relationships between migraine and thyroid traits.
Efficacy of rimegepant for the acute treatment of migraine based on triptan treatment experience: Pooled results from three phase 3 randomized clinical trials
Authors: Lipton Richard B , Blumenfeld Andrew , Jensen Christopher M , Croop Robert , Thiry Alexandra , L’Italien Gilbert , Morris Beth A , Coric Vladimir , Goadsby Peter J 
Published: February 2023

Background This post-hoc analysis from three phase 3 treatment trials of rimegepant 75 mg — an oral small molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist for acute and preventive treatment of migraine — assessed efficacy in adults with migraine based on triptan treatment experience. Methods Participants were assigned to one of four groups based on triptan treatment experience: insufficient response (e.g. lack of efficacy and/or poor tolerability) to 1 triptan, insufficient response to ≥2 triptans, current triptan users, and triptan-naïve participants. The co-primary efficacy endpoints were pain freedom and most bothersome symptom freedom at two hours postdose. Results In the three trials (N = 3507; rimegepant n = 1749, placebo n = 1758), 1235 (35.2%) participants had a history of insufficient response to 1 triptan (n = 910 [25.9%]) or ≥2 triptans (n = 325 [9.3%]), and 2272 (64.8%) had no history of insufficient response to triptans (current use = 595 [17.0%], naïve = 1677 [47.8%]). Rimegepant was effective on the co-primary endpoints in all subgroups ( p ≤ 0.013), except for freedom from the most bothersome symptom in the triptan-naïve group ( p = 0.06). No differences on co-primary endpoints were found in pairwise comparisons of rimegepant-treated participants. Conclusions Rimegepant was effective for the acute treatment of migraine in adults with a history of insufficient response to 1 or ≥2 triptans and in current triptan users. Efficacy on co-primary endpoints did not differ based on the number of insufficient triptan responses. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03235479, NCT03237845, NCT03461757
Investigation of turbulent flow in vortex cold-wall combustion chamber under different spark ignition times
Authors: Zeng Zhuoxiong , Wu Ruibing 
Published: February 2023

Hydrogen is used as vortex working medium, a new structure of vortex cold-wall combustion chamber was adopted. Numerical investigation was performed to analyze the turbulent flow under different spark starting times, 2 ms (case 1), 3 ms (case 2), 4 ms (case 3) and 5 ms (case 4). The result shows that in the cold state, a process of disturbance growth and double vortex structure formation is emerged. Except for case 1, the other three cases can successfully ignite the gas mixture in the combustion chamber, the larger the spark ignition time, the greater the probability of successful ignition, the shorter the ignition delay time, and the bigger the pressure peak. For these cases with successful ignition, the flame is mainly concentrated in the inner vortex area, the temperature variation is basically similar, but specie OH shows different variation trend. Considering the probability of successful ignition, ignition delay time and combustion stability, the spark is suitable to start at 3 ms.
A survey of Australian psychiatrists’ and psychiatry trainees’ knowledge of and attitudes towards psychedelics in the treatment of psychiatric disorders
Authors: Grover Cameron , Monds Lauren , Montebello Mark 
Published: February 2023

Objective To assess Australian psychiatrists’ and psychiatry trainees’ knowledge of and attitudes towards psychedelics as treatment for psychiatric disorders. Method Australian members of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists were invited to participate in an anonymous survey that ran from October 1 to November 30 2021. Participants were asked about their knowledge of the risks and benefits of, and attitudes towards, psychedelics, including the factors that influence those attitudes. Results Fifty-one doctors responded to the survey, and 38 completed all items. The majority were male, consultants and based primarily in New South Wales. Respondents reported awareness of the evidence demonstrating the benefits of psychedelics for most disorders; however most respondents, particularly females, perceived psychedelics as risky. Most considered themselves open-minded and believed psychedelics deserved further research. Conclusions The poor response rate was a major limitation of this study. Our sample of Australian psychiatrists and trainees were enthusiastic about psychedelics as psychiatric treatment and were aware of some of the evidence demonstrating their efficacy. Safety continues to be a concern, despite growing evidence of their safety in therapeutic settings. Education about the evidence of their efficacy and the risks associated with their use is needed.
Peptic Ulcer Disease Following Use of Bupropion: A Case Report
Authors: Momayez Sanat Zahra , Mohammadi Ganjaroudi Negar , Pirsalehi Ali 
Published: February 2023

Background: Bupropion is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, which is prescribed as an effective drug for the treatment of depression and as a complementary drug for smoking cessation in more than 50 countries. Although constipation and nausea are known as side effects of Bupropion, gastric ulcer has not been previously reported. Case presentation: In this case report a 28-year-old woman presented with a gastric ulcer 8 months after beginning depression treatment with Bupropion 150 mg once daily. Pantoprazole and Famotidine were prescribed to the patient. However, the gastric ulcer did not heal. After discontinuation of Bupropion, the gastric ulcer was treated. Conclusion: The present case report suggests that Bupropion may lead to peptic ulcers or this drug interferes with the treatment of gastric ulcers.
Whole blood administration within USCENTCOM
Authors: Hall Andrew B. , Qureshi Iram , Wilson Ramey , Shackelford Stacy , King Leron B. , Kuper Joshua , Timby Jeffrey , Gross Kirby , Cardin Sylvain 
Published: February 2023

Introduction Blood product use by the U.S. military has evolved during the conflicts in the U.S. Central Command's area of responsibility to become the preferred resuscitative fluid for damage control procedures. This study evaluates the transition to a whole blood-based trauma system over the past 5 years. Methods Patients who received blood product transfusion within USCENTCOM between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021, were identified from the Medical Situational Awareness in Theater (MSAT) blood reports. Transfusion recipients were categorized as recipients of whole blood only, component therapy only, or mixed therapy. The type of transfusions, number of recipients, number of available blood products were compared over the 5-year period. Results A total of 1762 unique patients were included. Of this population, 220 (12.5%) received whole blood only, 1196 (68.9%) received component therapy, and 346 (19.6%) received mixed therapy. The monthly proportion of individuals receiving whole blood (only or mixed) significantly increased over the 5-year period ( p < .0001). The number of individuals requiring transfusions over this same period decreased significantly ( p < .0001). Individuals receiving component therapy (only or mixed) were transfused component platelets 15.7% of the time. The mean and median number of units required per patient receiving whole blood was 2.39 and 1 unit of blood respectively (IQR 1.0–2.5). Conclusion Whole blood use increased significantly within USCENTCOM's AOR secondary to increased supply and low clinical requirement. Without a long-lasting platelet component, component therapy cannot be expected to provide a balanced therapy to casualties in remote locations.
Comparative study of virulence factor genes, β-hemolysis and biofilm production in invasive and colonizing enterococci
Authors: Jovanović Milica , Velebit Branko , Tošić Tanja , Maki Gina , Pavić Sladjana , Jovanović Snežana , Stošović Rajica , Zervos Marcus J 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: In humans, enterococci are among the most important opportunistic pathogens. This study aims to compare invasive isolates obtained from blood cultures of patients with sepsis and endocarditis with colonizing isolates obtained from healthy donors’ stool samples. Methods: A case-by-case assessment was conducted on invasive infection cases to determine whether enterococci were involved in their pathogenesis. They were tested for the presence of virulence factor genes, β-hemolysis on agars supplemented with human and sheep blood, and biofilm forming capacity. Results: Three species of enterococci were identified among invasive isolates: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus durans. All endocarditis isolates were biofilm producers. Genes esp, gelE, asa1, ace, hyl, cylB, and cylA were present in 7 (41.2%), 11 (64.7%), 11 (64.7%), 13 (76.5%), 0, 3 (17.6%), and 1 (5.9%) invasive isolate, but none of them could be linked to a particular infection (sepsis or endocarditis). Colonizing isolates proved to have had more virulence factor genes, but the differences were not statistically significant. Members of that group produced a greater amount of biofilm when the ace gene was absent ( p = 0.047). The production of β-hemolysis by noninvasive strains was detected more frequently when agar was supplemented with human blood ( p = 0.021). In general, the presence of either cyl gene on that specific agar was in direct connection with the production of β-hemolysis: cylA ( p = 0.047) or cylB ( p = 0.020). Conclusion: We have been unable to establish any correlation between invasive isolates and any virulence gene carriage and biofilm formation. β-hemolysis was produced significantly more often by colonizing strains when agar had been supplemented with human blood.