bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Complexity and Quality in 3D Digitisation of the Past: Challenges and Risks
Authors: Ioannides Marinos , Patias Petros 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper is focusing on the exceptional results of the EU Study (VIGIE2020/654) to map the parameters, formats, standards, benchmarks, and methodologies relating to 3D digitisation of tangible cultural heritage (CH). The overall objective of the paper is to further the quality of 3D digitisation process by enabling cultural heritage professionals, institutions, content-developers, stakeholders, and academics to define and produce high-quality digitisation standards for tangible cultural heritage assets. This study identified for the first time in this domain, key parameters of the digitisation process, estimated the relative complexity and how it is linked to technology, its impact on quality and its various factors. It will also present standards and formats used for 3D digitisation, including data types, data formats and metadata schemas for 3D structures.
Evolving Standards in Digital Cultural Heritage – Developing a IIIF 3D Technical Specification
Authors: Haynes Ronald 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIIIF (International Image Interoperability Framework) is a collection of open web standards, broadly used for presenting and annotating high resolution images and audiovisual content, adopted by hundreds of GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, museums) organisations worldwide, and permit the reuse and recombination of digital assets across traditional digital institutional boundaries. While these standards have been successful for 2D images and AV (Audio/Video) data, there is a growing interest in how they might be applied to 3D content. An example of this would be to combine shards of pottery from disparate collections into a single whole within a viewing experience. The IIIF 3D Community Group has been collaboratively considering common challenges and potential solutions to key areas, with major 3D developers and researchers, and ongoing dialogue with VIGIE2020/654 study colleagues, forming the IIIF 3D Technical Specification Group, engaging even more widely with other specialists and representatives across user communities and standards bodies.
Sound Writing
Authors: Trower Shelley 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
For all its orality, oral history has a long-standing, closely entwined relationship with writing. Sound Writing considers the interplay between sound recordings and written literature, looking back to antiquity while focusing on the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. It also refers to a dream of sound writing itself, enabling voices to reach readers directly, cutting out the need for authorial mediation. Oral histories are nevertheless actively mediated, often turned into and received as written texts. There can be value in transforming spoken oral histories in print or on screen, not least in order to make them “readable” for wider audiences. Indeed, such re-creations can be worthy and wonderful works of scholarship and art—and this book explores a wide range of different forms and media (like the polyphonic novel and hyperlinked websites) that can most effectively convey speakers’ narratives on their own terms—but there is also, always, the danger of speakers’ voices being distorted or lost in the process of mediation. This book examines how oral histories are co-created, by speakers, by authors, and also by readers. It considers how oral history can inform our understandings of authorship and reading, to reconceive and query their potential as creative, multiple, collective, and activist. Finally, it reflects on the role of authorship in the academy.
From Mayhew’s Street Voices to Oral History
Authors: Trower Shelley 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers how a range of authors in Britain, from Mayhew and Dickens in the nineteenth century to Evans among other early oral historians in the twentieth, recorded and creatively transformed voices in print. It also considers ways in which such voices can be audible to readers. In addition, the chapter traces disciplinary connections between journalism, ethnography, folklore, literature, and oral history. It considers how sound recording technologies shifted the focus from recording speech in writing to the editing of already-recorded voices. Oral historians after the mid-twentieth century increasingly argued that sound recordings should be preserved, and that written versions should also convey something of the sonority of speech while avoiding distortion of what interviewees said, but there are also benefits from more heavily editing spoken words into printed forms, which can, for example, make a speaker’s meaning more comprehensible to readers.
Authority, Reading, and Listening to Digital Oral Histories
Authors: Trower Shelley 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter revisits some of the major themes of the book with respect to digital technologies, which have transformed how oral history is archived and disseminated, as voice and written texts. The chapter considers the implications of putting interviews online in their audio form, and how that can both hinder and further a sharing of authority between oral historians, narrators, and readers/listeners. It goes on to engage with Freund’s criticism of digital storytelling particularly in the mass public form of StoryCorps, and argues that he exercises a kind of singular academic authority, not least through his use of sweeping generalizations, that oral history can effectively resist through its respect for multiple speakers, authors, and readers. It calls for reflection on the role and responsibilities, uses and misuses of academic authority.
Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics
Authors: Arnold Stevan J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Evolutionary quantitative genetics is concerned with the evolution of quantitative traits that are affected by many genes (e.g., body size, metabolic rate, competitive ability). Although evolutionary quantitative genetics has emerged as the dominant paradigm for understanding evolution, the full scope of its achievements are not yet apparent to a wide audience. To reach and engage that wider audience, this book summarizes important empirical and theoretical results in evolutionary quantitative genetics. Here are a few significant signposts along the path of the book’s main argument: (1) Analysis of a large literature on selection measured in nature indicates that most traits are close to, if not on, an adaptive peak. (2) QTL and GWAS studies have shown that quantitative traits are affected by scores or if not hundreds of genes (polygeny). (3) Most traits interact with other traits, forming functional complexes that are shaped by stabilizing and correlational selection. (4) Such trait complexes can persist for hundreds of millions of years, suggesting long-lasting patterns of multivariate selection. (5) Perpetual, random movement of the adaptive peak is the common denominator of successful models of adaptive radiation. A single model of adaptive radiation can produce stasis or exuberant diversification depending on the setting for the rate of peak movement. (6) Simulation studies of evolving multivariate inheritance suggest that processes of mutation, inheritance, and selection may evolve towards mutual alignment with the predominant directions of peak movement. (7) Evolutionary models of trait-based interaction between species (e.g., predators and prey) suggest that periods of maladaptation may be common and that trait means will equilibrate downslope from adaptive peaks.
Modularity, Performance, and Functional Complexes
Authors: Arnold Stevan J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Phenotypic traits do not exist as isolated entities. Instead, traits are bundled together in ensembles (modules) of interacting traits that form functional complexes. The bundling of traits into complexes is accomplished by correlational selection, a kind of multivariate stabilizing selection. One can measure the correlational selection that acts on a functional complex by scoring the overall performance of the complex and the values of the component traits in a sample of individuals. In the ensuing selection analysis, one fits a statistical model in which individual values of performance are related to the individual values of traits in the complex with the goal of estimating the γ-matrix. The γ-matrix in turn plays a key role in the evolution of modularity and modules. For example, on a deep evolutionary timescale, trait ensembles that form functional complexes often show a distinctive pattern of multivariate stasis and conservatism. As we shall see in later chapters, this multivariate pattern of stasis cannot be accounted for by drift or unspecified forces of inertia. These considerations suggest that the patterns of multivariate selection that are responsible for the maintenance of functional complexes also tend to persist through deep time and shape long term evolutionary patterns.
The Noble Style
Authors: Parkes Adam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Both stupidity and intelligence have been associated at different times with boredom; like them, boredom has enjoyed considerable prestige among poets and philosophers as a distinctly aristocratic attitude or mood. This chapter shows how the novels of Elizabeth Bowen and Evelyn Waugh anatomize while also cultivating states of upper-class boredom in the time of waning empire. In the Englishman Waugh as in the Anglo-Irish Bowen, skepticism of democracy is joined to versions of late-imperial boredom so intractable that highly specific forms of situational boredom come to resemble a profound existential boredom. Bowen and Waugh picture a belated aristocracy adrift in the waste land of the interwar years, living out a socially and historically specific variation on Schopenhauer’s existential idea of boredom as the index of a “constant postponement of death.”
Capricious Benevolence
Authors: Parkes Adam 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the paradoxically co-implicated attitudes of benevolence and cruelty that shape post-romantic reflections on aristocracy. In Ford Madox Ford, D.H. Lawrence, Evelyn Waugh, and Elizabeth Bowen, narrative investments in benevolence sometimes precipitate anger, hatred, and cruelty—and may even function as cruelty. Conversely, on other occasions, an aesthetic of cruelty engenders its opposite: the reinvention of benevolence, kindness, or what Lawrence calls tenderness. In Waugh, I argue, this benevolence proves inseparable from misanthropy. The chapter ends by reading Bowen’s fictional argument against the English middle-class novel—and against the habits of reading it encouraged—as part of an effort to fashion an art of cool delight sponsored by the poetry of W.B. Yeats.
Health and Disability
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between health and disability. Just as the relationship between health and wellbeing is complex and entangled, so is the relationship between health and disability. Just as with wellbeing, it’s important not to conflate disability with health—or in this case with loss of health. But just as with wellbeing, there’s no denying that the two are intimately connected. This chapter tries to tease apart the various threads of this tangle. In doing this, it also begins to introduce the shape of the positive account of health presented in Chapters 5 and 6. Sections 4 and 5 of this chapter offer a model—based on an analogy to David Lewis’ contextualist approach to the puzzle of the statue and the clay—that allows us to embrace the inherent shiftiness we encounter in the relationship between health and disability. Although it is in principle separable from the positive account of health defended in subsequent chapters, this model begins to lay the groundwork for how that positive account approaches the tensions we find ourselves with when trying to theorize health. Rather than trying to clarify away or elide the mess we find ourselves with, this book argues that we instead need a framework for understanding why things seem so intractably messy.
Introduction
Authors: Jackson Alvin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains the structure of the book and introduces its central themes. It seeks to explore the origins, survival, and (where appropriate) the demise of different multinational union states, all of which originated in the early to mid-19th century, and often in the context of the Napoleonic wars and subsequent European settlement. It explains the choice of the principal case studies—Great Britain and Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden-Norway, Austria-Hungary, and Canada, with some additional references to the Grand Duchy of Finland and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. It argues that most of these union states were redefined composite monarchies; and that most of them owed their origins, at least in part, to British diplomacy, and specifically to the diplomatic circle around Viscount Castlereagh. The chapter argues that the British effectively exported the idea of union elsewhere in Europe at this time.
Alternative Unions
Authors: Jackson Alvin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter takes a selection of the book’s case studies, and examines the ways in which federalism was pursued as a means of reforming otherwise dysfunctional union constitutions. Federalism is discussed within the contexts of Canada, Austria-Hungary, as well Britain and its empire. The chapter argues that federalism has regularly been invoked as a panacea within failing or apparently failing union states: it also argues that it has generally proved to be difficult to apply this cure, given that federalism has almost always been pursued (certainly in the British case) by unionists or imperialists seeking to defuse the challenge of nationalism. In practice the critical ‘federal moment’, when the strengths and weaknesses of unionist federalists and nationalist separatists have been evenly balanced, has been elusive.
Hierocles’ Concentric Circles
Authors: Wedgwood Ralph 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hierocles, a Stoic of the second century ce, famously deployed an image of the ‘concentric circles’ that surround each of us. The image should not be read as advocating absolute impartiality (in the style of classical utilitarianism) or as illustrating the Stoic theory of oikeiōsis. Instead, it is designed to illustrate how it is ‘appropriate to act’ in certain cases. Like other Stoics, Hierocles bases his investigation of appropriate acts on what is ‘in accordance with nature’. According to his view, each of us has a duty of mutual aid towards every other human being—but a weightier duty towards those who are socially closer than those who are more distant. The fundamental principle is that each of us has the duty of being an ‘ally’ of every other human being in serving the natural purposes of all the circles to which we and that other human being both belong.
Publishing the Woman Writer in England, 1670-1750
Authors: Orr Leah 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the “woman writer” emerged as a category of authorship in England. This book seeks to uncover how exactly this happened and the ways publishers tried to market a new kind of author to the public. Based on a survey of nearly 700 works with female authors from this period, this book contends that authorship was constructed, not always by the author, for market appeal, that biography often supported an authorial persona rooted in the genre of the work, and that authorship was a role rather than an identity. Through an emphasis on paratexts, including prefaces, title pages, portraits, and biographical notes, this book analyzes the representation of women writers in this period of intense change to make two related arguments. First, women writers were represented in a variety of ways as publishers sought successful models for a new kind of writer in print. Second, a new approach is needed for studying early women writers and others who occupy gaps in the historical record. This book shows that a study of the material contexts of printed books is one way to work with the evidence that survives. It therefore begins with a very familiar kind of author-centric literary history and deconstructs it to conclude with a reception-centered history that takes a more encompassing view of authorship. In addition to analysis of many little-known and anonymous authors, case studies include Aphra Behn, Catharine Trotter/Cockburn, Laetitia Pilkington, Marie-Catherine d’Aulnoy, and Anne Dacier.
Introduction
Authors: Blaazer David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter argues for a theoretical view of the nature of money that stresses its basis in social structures, political relationships, and cultural understandings, and the importance of studying it as a social, political, and cultural phenomenon. It explores the nature of monetary power, which it argues has been under-studied until quite recently, especially by historians. It sets out the main aim of the book, which is to examine the centuries-long process by which a coherent monetary order was forged in the United Kingdom from the disparate and largely dysfunctional monetary orders of early modern England, Scotland, and Ireland. It contextualizes the study within the historiography of ‘four nations’ approaches to British history. It concludes with an examination of recent developments in monetary studies in history and the humanities and social sciences more broadly.
‘I will make them one nation’
Authors: Blaazer David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines attempts by James VI and I and Oliver Cromwell to unify England’s, Scotland’s, and Ireland’s currencies. These attempts and their ultimate failure reveal much about the state of currency in early modern England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the monetary relations between them. They also provide a window on the nature of early modern money itself and its historical development in each of the three kingdoms from the Middle Ages to the early seventeenth century. The chapter focusses on the increasing instability of a monetary system based on precious metals. Different social strata, economic sectors, nations, and regions experienced and managed these problems in different ways. In general, governments focussed on solving their own monetary problems and those of the mercantile elite on whom they increasingly depended, often at the expense of the common people. For their part, the common people managed with a combination of clipped coins, tokens, paper IOUs, barter, payment in kind, and networks of personal credit. These points provide essential background to the monetary transformations to be examined in later chapters and the beliefs about money that would be accommodated or changed in the process.
Elizabeth Bowen’s ‘Uncertain Gothic’
Authors: Ross Stephen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that Bowen’s knowing use of spectrality—sometimes explicitly Gothic, and other times only latently or rhetorically ghostly—in The Last September and The Heat of the Day indexes a tentative ethics of perversion. First invoking and then undercutting the Gothic’s traditional narrative, ethical, and political arcs, Bowen validates the transgressive past, sustains a fractured present, and projects a productive/creative future. In doing so, she reclaims perversion as fluid and various, violating patriarchal, patrilineal, generationally appropriate, and class-bound modes of desire. It includes intergenerational, extra-marital, promiscuous, homosexual, and cross-class desire. Equally, perversion provides the often-occulted background to the official sexualities and regimes of desire that sustain tradition, convention, normalcy, stability, continuity, and legality. Where it appears, perversion threatens these standards, upsetting heavily invested patterns of property transfer, kinship, procreation, identity, and belonging, as well as heterosexual and cis-gender norms. Perversion at once articulates problems and presents a means of beginning to resolve them. It is a privileged point of contact between the social and the libidinal; as such, it is also a special site of ethics.
The Habitats of Mary Russell Mitford’s Our Village
Authors: Hildebrand Jayne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that the realist novel’s descriptive energies and Victorian debates about environmental space share an unlikely point of origin: the overlooked genre of the descriptive rural sketch. Focusing on Mary Russell Mitford’s Our Village (1824–32)—a series of over a hundred prose sketches that gained widespread popularity thanks to their vivid descriptions of the landscapes and gardens of a fictional village—this chapter tracks how Mitford’s sketches shift their descriptive focus away from the local English flora toward the mobile, transient natures of the garden and the greenhouse. This shift also exchanges a descriptive mode for prose forms that integrate description with plot. In so doing, Mitford’s sketches mediate an important moment in environmental thought: the transition from the natural theological concept of a static habitat to Lamarckian biology’s understanding of development as occurring in a dynamic, unfixed space.
Predictive Infelicities and the Instability of Predictive Optimality
Authors: Dorst Chris 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Recent neo-Humean theories of laws of nature have placed an increasing emphasis on the characteristic epistemic roles played by laws in scientific practice. In particular, these theories seek to understand laws in terms of their predictive utility to creatures in our epistemic situation. In contrast to other approaches, this view has the distinct advantage that it is able to account for a number of pervasive features possessed by putative actual laws of nature, such as their dynamical form, widespread applicability, and various spatiotemporal symmetries. However, this view also faces a unique challenge: given that it attempts to characterize the laws in terms of their predictive utility, any respects in which putative actual laws are suboptimally predictively useful are inherently problematic. Such ‘predictive infelicities’ can easily be found among our best physical theories. This chapter thus concerns two general threats to the neo-Humean view: (i) predictive infelicities, and (ii) the problem of changing standards of predictive utility.
Participation and Transformation
Authors: Martin Nancy M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines three important eighteenth- and nineteenth-century hagiographic accounts of the Hindu woman saint Mirabai’s life story, as exemplary of ways Hindu devotees engage with saints and expand the narrative traditions that surround them. The former king and Krishna devotee Nagridas joins together songs attributed to the saint, with accounts of the moment of their composition, drawing devotees into her life, as if they were there, so that they too might share the intensity of her feeling. He portrays Mirabai as renouncing her royal heritage even as he had and evincing a similar ecstatic and inclusive devotion. Maharashtrian hagiographer Mahipati translates her story into the particulars of his own Varkari devotional lineage, with Mira a child whose conflict is with her parents, in line with parental conceptions of God’s love for devotees therein. She is described as practicing devotion as they do and in so doing is claimed as one of their own. Rajasthani hagiographer Sukhsaran imagines the possible thoughts, feelings and conversations of the characters and fills his telling with miracles, contrasting Mira’s extraordinariness with expectations for more ordinary women and girls to reinforced social norms and demonstrate how bhakti and domestic responsibilities could and should be balanced. These examples demonstrate how engagement with these narratives not only serves a didactic function but also is a sadhana or religious discipline, a mode of fostering ever deepening devotion to God for both the performer and the audience.