bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Free Thioamidation of Aromatic Aldehydes through a Willgerodt‐Kindler Reaction
Authors: Kale Arun D. , Dalal Dipak S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA simple, straightforward, and highly efficient approach has been developed to synthesize thioamide derivatives under catalyst‐ and solvent‐free conditions at 100 °C/room temperature. Total 51 thioamides were synthesized via a one‐pot multicomponent Willgerodt‐Kindler reaction between substituted aromatic aldehydes, elemental sulfur powder and amines with 70–98 % yield within 20–70 min using cyclic secondary amines and 1.5–24 h using aliphatic primary and secondary amines. The cyclic secondary amines react faster than aliphatic amines. Twenty‐one newer compounds were prepared and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS. Mild reaction conditions, good yields, and a wide range of reactions demonstrate the excellent synthetic utility of this method. The developed protocol showed that there is no need to collect, purify, recycle, and remove the solvent after the reaction is complete. Reaction rates are generally high due to the high availability of reactants, i. e., shortens the reaction time, is environmentally friendly, and which makes the overall process more sustainable and economical.
Effect of Choline Cation Derivatives on the Efficacy of Plant Resistance Inducers
Authors: Czerwoniec Patrycja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article presents the synthesis, physical properties, phytotoxicity, and SAR induction activity of 48 new ionic liquids composed of cations which are choline derivatives and anions of inducers such as salicylic acid, 2,6‐dichloroisonicotinic acid, and benzo[1.2.3]thiadiazole‐7‐carboxylic acid. The cations from which the reported salts were obtained differ in the length of the aliphatic chain bonded to the N,N‐dimethylethanolamine, N,N‐diethylethanolamine, and N,N‐dibutylethanolamine groups. Examination of the obtained series of compounds determined the correlation between the structure of the cation and the biological action of the resistance inducer and investigated the relationship between the structure of the cation and its phytotoxic effect on the plant. Systemic acquired resistance efficacy tests were performed on tobacco Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi infected by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and phytotoxic tests were performed on Agrimonia eupatoria seeds. The results indicate that the phytotoxicity of salts composed of the same cation increases with the introduction of anions in the following order: salicylate<2,6‐dichloroisonicotinate<benzo[1.2.3]thiadiazole‐7‐carboxylate. Efficacy tests of systemic acquired resistance conducted on tobacco plants show that the presented salts reduced the size of necrotic spots on TMV‐infected tobacco leaves by up to 100 % ([C10DMEA][BTHCOO] and [Allyl‐DEEA][BTHCOO]) compared to control (untreated) plants. The examples of salts composed of choline cation derivatives presented in this study indicate that changing the cation structure in most cases did not alter or increased the biological activity of the resulting salts with resistance inducer anions relative to their carboxylic acid counterparts.
Structural Advancement in Shoc2‐MAPK Signaling Pathways in the Treatment of Cancer and Other Diseases
Authors: Chawla Udeep , Chopra Deepak 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe structural advancement in Shoc, a prototypical Leucine rich protein, involved in MAPK pathway has added a new dimension in the development of drugs and therapeutics in treatment of cancer and other diseases. Here we have used computational studies to show that Shoc2 protein likely exhibits a dimer or even higher order oligomer structure during its scaffolding activity. The new perspective needs to be further explored for development of effective treatment against cancer, and other diseases.
Colorful Pigments Based on Multicomponent Metal‐Phenol Network Nanoparticles for Hair Dyeing
Authors: Jia Dongshuang , Shen Yuhe , Zhang Xuelin , Wang Yuefei , Su Rongxin , Qi Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this study, we developed a complex polyphenol‐metal ion system, in which two polyphenols represented by gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA) chelated with metal ions leading to the formation of pigments composed of metal‐phenol networks (MPN). The doping of GA and TA creates a mutual synergistic effect, which makes it chelate with metal ions to produce a more complex structure of MPN, and finally obtain more colorful MPN pigments. The MPN pigments can be easily deposited on the hair surface through covalent and non‐covalent interactions, resulting in a series of hair dyeing effects with high color saturation and excellent stability. With many advantages such as low raw material cost, short hair dyeing time, simple process, good biocompatibility, less fading, and antioxidant, this composite polyphenol‐metal ion material offers the possibility to replace the classical irritant hair dyes commonly used in existing cosmetics.
Dimerization Triggered Magnetoelectric Coupling Effect and Magnetic Anisotropy in Organic Ternary Crystals
Authors: Chen Zhiyan , Lu Xiangqian , Liu Jianqiang , Qin Wei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeveloping a new universal strategy to design all organic ferromagnets or multiferroics with satisfactory properties always remains challenging. In this work, ternary charge transfer crystals are fabricated to realize organic multiferroic magnetoelectric coupling effect. Through incorporating the third component into binary crystals, a dimerization between neighbor donor and acceptor is induced to form a lattice symmetry breaking, where a nonpolar to polar phase transition is ensuing to lead to a dipolar polarization. Magnetic field can effectively tune the dipolar polarization to present a magnetoelectric coupling effect. Moreover, the introduction of the third component can result in a rearrangement in molecular configuration to modify the electron–phonon interaction. As a result, anisotropic magnetism is observed due to anisotropic electron–phonon coupling in ternary crystals. Overall, this study forecasts that incorporating an appropriate third component is a potential method for designing all organic multiferroics.
Black hole multipoles in higher-derivative gravity
Authors: Cano Pablo A. , Ganchev Bogdan , Mayerson Daniel R. , Ruipérez Alejandro 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We consider a broad family of higher-derivative extensions of four-dimensional Einstein gravity and study the multipole moments of rotating black holes therein. We carefully show that the various definitions of multipoles carry over from general relativity, and compute these multipoles for higher-derivative Kerr using the ACMC expansion formalism. We obtain the mass Mn and current Sn multipoles as a series expansions in the dimensionless spin; in some cases we are able to resum these series into closed-form expressions. Moreover, we observe the existence of intriguing relations between the corrections to the parity-odd multipoles S2n ≠ 0 and M2n+1 ≠ 0 that break equatorial symmetry, and the parity-preserving corrections that only modify S2n+1 and M2n. Further, we comment on the higher-derivative corrections to multipole ratios for Kerr, and we discuss the phenomenological implications of the corrections to the multipole moments for current and future gravitational wave experiments.
The no-hair theorem and black hole shadows
Authors: Tang Meirong , Xu Zhaoyi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe successful observation of M87 supermassive black hole by the Black Hole Event Horizon Telescope(EHT) provides a very good opportunity to study the theory of gravity. In this work, we obtain the exact solution for the short hair black hole (BH) in the rotation situation, and calculate in detail how hairs affect the BH shadow. For the exact solution part, using the Newman-Janis algorithm, we generalize the spherically symmetric short-hair black hole metric to the rotation case (space-time lie element (2.25)). For the BH shadow part, we study two hairy BH models. In model 1, the properties of scalar hair are determined by the parametersα0andL(We re-obtained the results in reference [48] for the convenience of discussion in this work). In model 2, the scalar hair of the BH is short hair. In this model, the shape of the BH shadow is determined by scalar chargeQmandk. The main results are as follows: (1) In the case of rotational short-hair BH, the value range of parameterkisk >1 (2.25), the range of short-hair charge valueQmis greatly reduced due to the introduction of the BH spina. When$$ 0\leqslant {Q}_m\leqslant \frac{2}{3}\times {4}^{\frac{1}{3}} $$0⩽Qm⩽23×413, the rotational short-hair BH has two event horizons at this time. When$$ {Q}_m>\frac{2}{3}\times {4}^{\frac{1}{3}} $$Qm>23×413, the rotational short-hair BH has three unequal event horizons, so the space-time structure of the BH is significantly different from that of Kerr BH. (2) For model 1, the effect of scalar hair on the BH shadows corresponds to that ofε >0 in reference [38, 48], but the specific changes of the shadows in model 1 are different. This is because the BH hair in reference [38] is considered as a perturbation to the BH, while the space-time metric of model 1 is accurate and does not have perturbation property. For model 2, that is, the change of the BH shadow caused by short hairs, the main change trend is consistent with that ofε <0 in reference [38]. Because of the special structure of the short-hair BH, the specific changes of BH shadows are different. (3) the variation ofRsandδswithLandα0is not a monotone function in model 1, but in model 2, it is. These results show that scalar hairs (model 1) have different effects on Kerr BH shadows than short hairs (model 2), so it is possible to distinguish the types and properties of these hairs if they are detected by EHT observations. (4) as for the effects of the hairs on energy emissivity, the main results in model 1 [48], different energy emissivity curves have intersection phenomenon, while in model 2 (short-hair BH), there is no similar intersection phenomenon. In general, various BH hairs have different effects on the shadows, such as non-monotonic properties and intersection phenomena mentioned in this work. Using these characteristics, it is possible to test the no-hair theorem in future EHT observations, so as to have a deeper understanding of the quantum effect of BHs. In future work, we will use numerical simulations to study the effects of various hairs on BHs and their observed properties.
Learning to identify semi-visible jets
Authors: Faucett Taylor , Hsu Shih-Chieh , Whiteson Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We train a network to identify jets with fractional dark decay (semi-visible jets) using the pattern of their low-level jet constituents, and explore the nature of the information used by the network by mapping it to a space of jet substructure observables. Semi-visible jets arise from dark matter particles which decay into a mixture of dark sector (invisible) and Standard Model (visible) particles. Such objects are challenging to identify due to the complex nature of jets and the alignment of the momentum imbalance from the dark particles with the jet axis, but such jets do not yet benefit from the construction of dedicated theoretically-motivated jet substructure observables. A deep network operating on jet constituents is used as a probe of the available information and indicates that classification power not captured by current high-level observables arises primarily from low-pT jet constituents.
Bestandsaufnahme der verfügbaren und aktuell eingesetzten Typisierungsmethoden einschließlich genombasierter Verfahren von Zoonoseerregern am Beispiel von Salmonella enterica
Authors: Pietsch Michael , Simon Sandra , Richter Anne , Malorny Burkhard , Uelze Laura , Hepner Sabrina , Dangel Alexandra , Sing Andreas , Huber Ingrid , Busch Ulrich , Linde Jörg , Methner Ulrich , Becker Natalie , Werner Guido , Mellmann Alexander , Fruth Angelika , Flieger Antje 
Published: December 2022

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die Gesamtgenomsequenzierung („whole genome sequencing“; WGS) in Kombination mit bioinformatischen Analysen zum Stand der Technik bei der Bewertung des Pathogenitäts- und Resistenzpotenzials sowie der Verwandtschaftsgrade zwischen Bakterien entwickelt. Die WGS-Analyse stellt somit ein zentrales Instrument bei der Typisierung von Erregern und der Untersuchung von Krankheits- und Ausbruchsclustern im Rahmen der molekularen Epidemiologie dar. Ziel der Studie war die Generierung eines Überblicks der in Deutschland auf Landes- und Bundesebene verfügbaren Erregertypisiermethoden von Salmonellen und Shiga-Toxin-bildenden bzw. enterohämorrhagischen Escherichia coli (STEC/EHEC) und den angewandten geno- und phänotypischen Methoden sowie über die Verfügbarkeit der genombasierten Typisierung und entsprechenden Analyseverfahren.

Methoden
Im Zeitraum vom Februar bis Juni 2020 wurde eine elektronische Umfrage bei Laboratorien durchgeführt, die für den öffentlichen Gesundheitsschutz und gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz tätig sind.

Ergebnisse und Fazit
Die Ergebnisse der Umfrage zeigten, dass viele der teilnehmenden Laboratorien über eine große Auswahl an phänotypischen und molekularbiologischen Methoden verfügen. Molekularbiologische Typisierungen werden am häufigsten für die Speziesidentifizierung von Salmonellen herangezogen. WGS-Verfahren sind vielfach schon bei Einrichtungen auf Bundes- und Landesebene etabliert oder befinden sich im Aufbau. Die Illumina-Sequenzierung ist dabei die am weitesten verbreitete Technologie. Die Umfrage bestätigt die Bedeutung von molekularbiologischen und genombasierten Typisierungstechnologien für die Laboratorien bei der Diagnostik von bakteriellen zoonotischen Erregern.
Complications and their management in the surgical treatment of Lipohyperplasia dolorosa. English version
Authors: Cornely Manuel , Gensior Matthias 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
There are both conservative and surgical treatment options for Lipohyperplasia dolorosa (LiDo). A procedure that has been established since 1997 is the surgical treatment through Lymphological Liposculpture according to Cornely™.

Aim
After extensive suctioning of the extremities, an extensive subcutaneous wound cavity with a trabecular connective tissue scaffold remains. Nevertheless, surgery-related complications are rare. Postoperative management and administration of antibiotics and antithrombotics are reviewed. The therapies for complications are presented in detail.

Materials and methods
Retrospectively, the frequencies of adverse events in 1400 LiDo surgeries in 2020 were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 47.81 years (range 16–78 years). Symmetrically, 504 outer legs (outer half of the limb [BO]), 504 inner legs (inner half of the limb [BI]), and 392 arms [A] were surgically treated.

Results
Relevant adverse events rarely occurred: infections (1.79%), seromas (0.79%), erysipelas (0.28%), necrosis (0.14%) and deep vein thrombosis (0.07).

Discussion
We were able to reduce the rate of postoperative complications to 3.07% in the Lymphological Liposculpture™ regime for the surgical treatment of LiDo. In their meta-analysis on liposuction, Kanapathy et al. reported an overall incidence of major surgical complications of 3.35%. The overall incidence of minor surgical complications was 11.62%, with seroma (5.51%) being the most common minor complication [26]. Kruppa et al. report that the liposuction procedure including fat removal for esthetic reasons has a complication rate of 9.5%. Wound infections with 4.5% and the formation of erysipelas with 4% are clearly in the foreground [20].
Model of force interaction for stability prediction in turning of thin-walled cylindrical workpiece
Authors: Falta Jiří , Sulitka Matěj , Janota Miroslav , Frkal Vojtěch 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTurning of the thin-walled cylindrical workpiece is technologically highly demanding process due to the high flexibility of the workpiece. In this paper, a mathematical treatment of integral-based model of the cutting force which takes into account feed, cutting speed, depth of cut and tool nose radius leading to a model of tool-workpiece interaction is presented. The force interaction together with the compliant workpiece dynamics leads to a machining stability formulation. The effect of the aforementioned parameters on characteristic exponents is calculated and validated by comparison with experimentally identified exponents. One of the outputs with immediate practical value is identification of the process damping, which is in the studied case shown to be significantly higher than structural damping of the workpiece itself. This means that without loss of reliability in stability prediction the experimental modal analysis of a given workpiece may be omitted and workpiece’s dynamics may be described only by mass and stiffness matrices which can be easily and reliably obtained by a finite element analysis.
Low mortality despite temporary liver dysfunction in severe courses of acute hepatitis E
Authors: Bauer David J. M. , Aberle Stephan , Farthofer Anna , Chromy David , Simbrunner Benedikt , Mandorfer Mattias , Schmidt Ralf , Trauner Michael , Strassl Robert , Mayer Florian , Holzmann Heidemarie , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Background
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can cause severe viral hepatitis and eventually liver failure. We aim to provide novel data on the epidemiology and the course of HEV infections from Q1/2008 to Q3/2018 at the Vienna General Hospital.

Methods
Of the 88,945 people tested, we identified HEV-IgM positive (+) or HEV-PCR (+) patients and retrospectively collated information on the course of infection from patient records.

Results
Among 151 HEV-IgM or PCR (+) (median age 51 years, 45.8% female), 7 (4.6%) had non-severe acute HEV infection (ALT ≥ 2–5-fold upper limit of normal, ULN), 11 (7.3%) had severe HEV infection without liver dysfunction (LD) (ALT > 5-fold ULN), and 9 (6.0%) with LD (ikterus or bilirubin > 5 mg/dL, OR coagulopathy or INR > 1.5, OR encephalopathy or ammonia > 100 µmol/L). HEV-RNA-PCR was performed in 58/190 (30.5%) HEV-IgM (+) patients and was positive in 19 (30.6%). Rates of HEV IgM/PCR positivity remained stable over the observation period.
The HEV genotype (GT) was GT‑1 in 71.4% (n = 5) and GT‑3 in 28.6% (n = 2). Travel history was recorded for 9/20 (45.0%) of severe HEV and 12/20 (60.0%) patients with severe HEV infection were hospitalized. One patient with pre-existing liver disease and concomitant EBV infection required intensive care. No patient required transplantation and the 30-day mortality was 3/151 (1.9%). Despite the increased testing rates, the absolute number of diagnosed HEV infections at Vienna General Hospital remained constant between 2008 to 2018.

Conclusion
Although approximately half of the patients with severe acute HEV infection required hospitalization, admissions to the intensive care unit (ICU) and short-term mortality were low.
Ethics teaching in medical school: the perception of medical students
Authors: Faihs Lorenz , Neumann-Opitz Carla , Kainberger Franz , Druml Christiane 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Background
In times of a pandemic, morals and ethics take center stage. Due to the challenges of the pandemic and ongoing discussions about the end of life, student teaching demands might have changed. This study aimed to evaluate teaching ethics, law, and decision-making skills in medical education via a survey to customize the curriculum to the students’ needs. Furthermore, gender differences were examined to determine gender equality in medical education.

Methods
The medical students at the Medical University of Vienna were requested to complete an anonymous online survey, providing feedback on the teaching of ethics, law, and decision-making skills.

Results
Our study showed the students’ strong demand for more teaching of ethics, law, and decision-making skills. Moreover, we found that students were afraid to encounter ethical and moral dilemmas. Gender differences could be found, with female students assessing their knowledge and the teaching as being more insufficient, resulting in greater fear of encountering ethical and moral dilemmas.

Conclusion
The fear of encountering ethical and moral dilemmas might be linked to medical students’ self-perceived insufficient legal knowledge. The education should guarantee gender equality in medical training and be customized to the students to provide the future doctors with the ethical and legal expertise to preserve the patient’s rights and protect their mental health.
Communication with patients with limited prognosis—an integrative mixed-methods evaluation study
Authors: Siegle Anja , Unsöld Laura , Deis Nicole , Krug Katja , Bossert Jasmin , Krisam Johannes , Jung Corinna , Jünger Jana , Wensing Michel , Thomas Michael , Villalobos Matthias 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose

Oncological societies advocate the continuity of care, specialized communication, and early integration of palliative care. To comply with these recommendations, an interprofessional, longitudinally-structured communication concept, the Milestone Communication Approach (MCA), was previously developed, implemented, and evaluated. Our research question is: what are possible explanations from the patient perspective for prognosis and advance care planning being rarely a topic and for finding no differences between MCA and control groups concerning distress, quality of life, and mood?

Methods
A pragmatic epistemological stance guided the study. A mixed-methods design was chosen including a pragmatic randomized trial (n = 171), qualitative interviews with patients (n = 13) and caregivers (n = 12), and a content analysis (133 milestone conversations, 54 follow-up calls). Data analysis involved the pillar integration process.

Results
Two pillar themes emerged: 1 “approaching prognosis and advance care planning”; 2 “living with a life-threatening illness”. Information on prognosis seemed to be offered, but patients’ reactions were diverse. Some patients have to deal with having advanced lung cancer while nonetheless feeling healthy and seem not to be ready for prognostic information. All patients seemed to struggle to preserve their quality of life and keep distress under control.

Conclusion
Attending to patients’ questions, worries and needs early in a disease trajectory seems key to helping patients adjust to living with lung cancer. If necessary clinicians should name their predicament: having to inform about prognosis versus respecting the patients wish to avoid it. Research should support better understanding of patients not wishing for prognostic information to successfully improve communication strategies.

Trial registration
Registration: German Clinical Trial Register No. DRKS00013649, registration date 12/22/2017, (https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00013649) and No. DRKS00013469, registration date 12/22/2017, (https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00013469).