bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charlemagne, St Peter’s, and the Imperial Coronation
Authors: Story Joanna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter returns the analysis to St Peter’s basilica, focusing on Charlemagne’s imperial coronation at Christmas 800 and on the inscriptions that were visible there to Frankish viewers. It argues that the form, script, and materials of the epitaph made for Hadrian reflects ideas about empire that were current in the 790s in Carolingian court circles, and that the inscription probably arrived in Rome before the end of 796. It discusses the sources for the early years of the pontificate of Leo III, and the build-up to the attempted assassination of the pope in 799, which precipitated his flight from Italy to Charlemagne in Francia, and the events leading to the imperial coronation in Rome the following year. Contemporary texts and manuscripts are discussed, including Theodulf’s debt to the verse of Corippus describing earlier imperial ceremonial in Constantinople. Inscriptions in St Peter’s associated with Constantine are discussed in the context of Carolingian understanding of the antiquity of that building and its connection to the first Christian emperor. Carolingian manuscripts are the first to record some of these inscriptions, and modifications to those texts, possibly done in the fifteenth century, serve to illuminate the internal struggles of the late medieval Church and the arguments surrounding the veracity of the document known as the Donation of Constantine that underpinned the temporal powers of the Church. The chapter also analyses antiquarian sources for the famous Lateran mosaic, much discussed in the sixteenth century because of its supposed connection to the Donation, which showed Pope Leo and Charlemagne kneeling at the feet of St Peter. This chapter closes with a discussion about the role of materiality and spatial intertextuality in the patronage of inscriptions set within sacred spaces and how a building can shape the content, form, and audience engagement with such texts.
Political Soundings
Authors: Kolb-Neuhaus Roberto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Though passionately committed to socialist ideals throughout his life as a composer and actively participating in political initiatives, Revueltas maintained a degree of autonomy regarding organizations such as the Communist Party in the opposition, as well as official institutions such as the Conservatorio Nacional de Música, where he was employed. Even as an elected leader of the LEAR and member of the official delegation visiting Republican Spain, he refused to fully align with institutionalized activism. This autonomy is also reflected in his music, apparently vindicating the belief in its capacity to embody a manner of “political emotion” that is independent of rational discourse. This is suggested in his attempts to embody his political message through music alone, intentionally unlinking it from word and image, such as notoriously in the case of Esquinas and Sensemayá. Unusual for a political composer, he composed very few works in which the political is associated with figurative expression. This chapter introduces a discussion of agency regarding a composer who wishes to speak from within the perspective of his class-bound social subject as well as the aesthetics derived from this controversial aspiration.
Breaking Down False Consciousness
Authors: Kolb-Neuhaus Roberto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Revueltas’ continuous cross-references to a wide array of compositional styles through montage and collage bewildered more than one at the time (and still does today). Planos, which mixes stylistic referents quite freely and even provocatively, is a prominent example of a critical stance regarding values and practices that were standard in the field of modern art music, such as a “personal style” and stylistic unity. Previous approaches have overlooked the obvious satire in the work’s subtitle, “Geometric Dance,” poking fun at positivism and exoticism—Planos is neither “geometric” nor suitable for dance. Establishing a dialogue with two other analyses performed by Alejandro Cardona and José Luis Castillo, the present approach identifies Revueltas’ mostly satirical references to pentatonic primitivism, aggressively juxtaposed with derivatives of pregones (street cries), used by the composer to mark this score politically. The score thus appears to sound a debate between nationalist self-exoticization and a political definition of cultural identity. A program note with handwritten examples of such street cries symbolically used in other scores by Revueltas lends support to this interpretation. The study is complemented by a discussion of Revueltas’ link to Stravinsky, defined not as representing the canon but, as in the case of the Mexican, as a composer challenging the Eurocentric canon from the periphery.
Colorines (1932)
Authors: Kolb-Neuhaus Roberto 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The picturesque title Colorines, the name of tropical trees known for their bright red flowers, is only one further example of Revueltas’ use of satirical titles poking fun at nationalist expectations at home and exoticizing expectations abroad. Such reception is aggressively sabotaged through wildly disruptive satirical collages in the opening section of the piece, an intent that is further corroborated in its closing section. As in other early works of Revueltas, satire is relieved through a musical eulogy of the composer’s favorite subject, a sounding of the common people in the streets. In this case, he resorts to a manner of fraternal dialogue with Stravinsky’s Petrushka, musically alluding to the latter’s street organ players. He juxtaposes this reference with his own abstractions of pregones, the street vendor’s cries. The approach to Colorines’ aggressive collages benefits from definitions proposed by Burkholder, Rancière’s dialectic montage, and Graver’s secessionist avant-gardism.
A Life in Urdu
Authors: Russell Ralph 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This book brings together writing by Ralph Russell, the eminent 20th century scholar of Urdu, which illuminates his life-long engagement with Urdu speakers and their literature. He learnt Urdu as a young man sent to India for war service in 1941, went on to study its literature in the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, where he taught for 30 years, spent extended periods in South Asia working alongside Urdu-speaking scholars, and became a widely acknowledged authority on Ghalib. Written in his lively, accessible style, it provides a unique introduction for those new to Urdu literature, and unusual insights for those familiar with it. Part 1—autobiographical. It describes how he first came in contact with Urdu speakers during World War 2, his studies at SOAS, and later encounters which reflect his interest in everyone he met. Part 2—essays on key figures in Urdu literature. Poets in the 18th and 19th Centuries, early novelists and short story writers, popular literature, memoirs by remarkable women, all set against social and political contexts; plus an essay describing his approach to translating Ghalib’s ghazals. Part 3—essays on language and literary history. The Progressive Writer’s Movement; Aziz Ahmad; the relationship between Hindi and Urdu; and his well-known article ‘How Not to Write the History of Urdu Literature’. The Foreword by Marion Molteno, his student and literary executor, introduces his life and work. The Afterword brings together appreciations by some of the hundreds of people who were influenced by him. The Editor’s Note explains the criteria of selection and gives notes on sources.
Analysis of Factors Contributing to Antenatal Corticosteroid Administration in Threatened Preterm Labor [ID: 1375840]
Authors: Haas David , Gidia Nadia , Ibrahim Sherrine , McKinzie Alexandra 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) are recommended for pregnant persons at risk for imminent preterm delivery within 7 days. Many diagnosed with threatened preterm labor (tPTL) are given ACS but do not deliver until term. The objective of this study was to analyze characteristics of those seen for tPTL who receive ACS to better understand clinical decision-making.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study consisted of patients seen in triage at an urban hospital caring for underserved patients in 2021 for tPTL during pregnancy. Demographic variables (maternal age, race and ethnicity, prior preterm delivery) and obstetric variables (cervical dilation, effacement, membrane rupture, tocolytic administration) were evaluated against the primary outcome of ACS administration.

RESULTS:
Two hundred ninety pregnant people with 372 unique encounters for tPTL were identified. The mean gestational age at presentation was 33.5 weeks. 107 patients in 111 encounters received ACS, which was associated with lower body mass index (BMI), greater cervical dilation and effacement, membrane rupture, and more frequent contractions (all P<.01). Logistic regression, limited to first encounter in triage, found that BMI (odds ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.87–0.95), cervical dilation 2 cm or greater (2.49, 1.12–5.35), and cervical effacement 50% or higher (4.80, 2.25–10.24) were significantly associated with patients receiving ACS. Forty-four percent of those receiving ACS delivered within 7 days, compared to 11% of those who did not receive ACS (P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
Greater cervical dilation and effacement and a lower BMI were associated with ACS administration, although most patients receiving ACS did not deliver within 7 days. These findings will contribute to developing a clinical decision model for administering ACS.
Effect of Gestational Weight Gain on Length of Induction of Labor [ID: 1377561]
Authors: Brewton Anna , Fortner Kimberly , Mastronardi Alicia , Paudel Alissa , Young Megan 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Review of institutional data found an association between maternal obesity and increased cesarean delivery (CD) among nulliparous, term, single, vertex (NTSV) pregnancies. To identify modifiable risk factors for CD, we evaluated the relationship of gestational weight gain (GWG) to length of induction of labor.

METHODS:
From January 2020 to May 2021, NTSV inductions were identified via retrospective chart review (IRB#4954). Gestational weight gain according to prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was categorized using ACOG standards as appropriate, insufficient, or excessive. Time of initial induction agent to delivery time equated to total induction time. Chi square, t test, and regression analyses were performed where appropriate.

RESULTS:
Of 1,031 inductions, 244 (24%) patients had appropriate, 160 (15%) had insufficient, and 627 (61%) had excessive GWG. 366 (36%) had prepregnancy BMI greater than 30. Average total induction times for appropriate, insufficient, and excessive GWG were 1,179, 1,072, and 1,286 minutes, respectively. Excessive GWG was a positive predictor of length of induction (P<.001). Additionally, those with excessive GWG labored significantly longer with ruptured membranes (84 minutes) than those with appropriate GWG (P=.006).

CONCLUSION:
Excessive GWG correlated with 107 additional minutes in the induction process and more time with ruptured membranes. These data emphasize the importance of appropriate GWG particularly in patients beginning pregnancy with obesity. Patients with obesity otherwise have worse pregnancy outcomes; therefore, nutrition and exercise counseling during prenatal care could be advantageous. These data also help inform counseling and preparation on labor units, particularly as inductions become more prevalent.
GDF15, Genetic Risk Factor for Hyperemesis Gravidarum, Inversely Associated With Pregnancy Weight Gain [ID: 1358449]
Authors: Fejzo Marlena , Zöllner Julia , Pujol-Gualdo Natàlia , Laisk Triin ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team, Finer Sarah , van Heel David ,   Genes & Health Research Team, Wang Xinran , Cortessis Victoria , Mendez Joel Sanchez , Murcia Vanessa , MacGibbon Kimber W. , Youssefzadeh Ariane , Sweeney Heather , Tavakoli Amin , Nguyen Michelle T. , Mancuso Nicholas , Mullin Patrick M. 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a highly heritable condition, complicates ∼3% of pregnancies and is associated with adverse outcomes related to inadequate maternal weight gain. We report the largest-ever genome-wide association study (GWAS) of HG, composed of 8,960 cases and 369,843 controls. We identified associations with genes encoding GDF15 and its receptor GFRAL, so we compared changes in circulating GDF15 to weight gain in hospitalized HG patients.

METHODS:
We performed a meta-analysis of six independent studies: a multiancestry whole-exome sequencing study from the United States, four GWASs of European ancestry from 23andMe, Inc., research participants, FinnGen, Estonian and UK Biobanks, and a GWAS of British Bangladeshis and Pakistanis. We also studied three hospitalized HG patients, assessing serum GDF15 and weight at admission and discharge. Institutional review board approval was obtained.

RESULTS:
GDF15 was the greatest significant risk factor for HG in the meta-analysis (P= 2.47E-47) and each individual GWAS. Association with GFRAL (P=8.85E-09) further implicates the GDF15/GFRAL pathway in HG etiology. The solitary HG patient with lower GDF15 at discharge was the only one who gained weight during hospitalization.

CONCLUSION:
Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of the biology of HG and may inform future research evaluating new treatment avenues. Of note, drugs blocking GDF15/GFRAL mitigate appetite, weight loss, and vomiting in animal models. These drugs are currently in clinical trials of cancer cachexia, a disease with similar symptoms to HG. The strong link of HG to the GDF15/GFRAL pathway suggests that these drugs, if safe, hold great promise for improving symptoms and weight gain in HG patients.
Late Prenatal Care as a Risk Factor for Preeclampsia [ID: 1377685]
Authors: Hashmi Nabiha , Sung Sharon 
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia account for 16% of maternal deaths in high-income countries. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists lists a number of known risk factors for preeclampsia in its Practice Bulletin No. 222, “Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia.” The objective of this study was to identify whether late prenatal care, not a documented risk factor, is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia.

METHODS:
A secondary analysis was performed on a dataset from an IRB-approved research study looking at chronic hypertension and contraception after pregnancy. As chronic hypertension is associated with preeclampsia and can be diagnosed in pregnancy by elevated blood pressures before 20 weeks of gestation, the dataset allowed comparison of patients who presented to care before 20 weeks versus after 20 weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, Student t test, and multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS:
A total of 2,147 patients were included. 1,826 patients had early prenatal care (before 20 weeks) and 321 patients had late prenatal care (after 20 weeks). 8.5% of patients with early prenatal care had preeclampsia, compared to 12.1% of patients with late prenatal care (odds ratio 1.49, P=.0359, 95% CI 1.0266–2.1652). After multivariate logistic regression modeling, late prenatal care was a risk factor significantly associated with preeclampsia in African American patients (P=.030).

CONCLUSION:
Patients presenting for prenatal care in the second half of pregnancy are at increased risk of developing preeclampsia. Anticipatory guidance and education should be targeted for these patients.
Randomized Controlled Trials in ICU in the Four Highest-Impact General Medicine Journals
Authors: Kampman Jasper M. , Sperna Weiland Nicolaas H. , Hermanides Jeroen , Hollmann Markus W. , Repping Sjoerd , Horn Janneke 
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE:
To study ICU trials published in the four highest-impact general medicine journals by comparing them with concurrently published non-ICU trials in the same journals.

DATA SOURCES:
PubMed was searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between January 2014 and October 2021 in the New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, the Journal of the American Medical Association, and the British Medical Journal.

STUDY SELECTION:
Original RCT publications investigating any type of intervention in any patient population.

DATA EXTRACTION:
ICU RCTs were defined as RCTs exclusively including patients admitted to the ICU. Year and journal of publication, sample size, study design, funding source, study outcome, type of intervention, Fragility Index (FI), and Fragility Quotient were collected.

DATA SYNTHESIS:
A total of 2,770 publications were screened. Of 2,431 original RCTs, 132 (5.4%) were ICU RCTs, gradually rising from 4% in 2014 to 7.5% in 2021. ICU RCTs and non-ICU RCTs included a comparable number of patients (634 vs 584, p = 0.528). Notable differences for ICU RCTs were the low occurrence of commercial funding (5% vs 36%, p < 0.001), the low number of RCTs that reached statistical significance (29% vs 65%, p < 0.001), and the low FI when they did reach significance (3 vs 12, p = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONS:
In the last 8 years, RCTs in ICU medicine made up a meaningful, and growing, portion of RCTs published in high-impact general medicine journals. In comparison with concurrently published RCTs in non-ICU disciplines, statistical significance was rare and often hinged on the outcome events of just a few patients. Increased attention should be paid to realistic expectations of treatment effects when designing ICU RCTs to detect differences in treatment effects that are reliable and clinically relevant.
Fostering Improved Mental and Spiritual Health of Nursing Students During COVID and Beyond
Authors: McKinnon Kathy , Hubley Alex 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT:
Nursing school is a highly stressful experience for most nursing students. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified stress levels for undergraduate students with serious impacts on mental health. Faculty acted to provide solutions such as debriefings and fostering safe places inside and outside of class where students could release negative emotions and develop positive coping skills. The integration of faith and the caring outreach by the faculty also strengthened students' emotional, mental, and spiritual health.
The efficacy and safety of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: Evidence from a single cardiovascular center
Authors: Lin Pei-Shuang , Yao Yun-Tai , Tian Li-Juan , Jiang Juan-Juan , Zhang Yang , He Li-Xian , Yu Yi-Ping , Ma Jie ,   The Evidence in Cardiovascular Anesthesia (EICA) Group
Published: May 2023

Background:
The current study was performed to systemically review the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery at a single large-volume cardiovascular center.

Methods:
A computerized search of electronic databases was performed to identify all relevant studies using search terms till December 31st, 2021. The primary outcomes were postoperative blood loss and the composite incidence of mortality and morbidities during hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included postoperative massive bleeding and transfusion, postoperative recovery profiles, coagulation functions, inflammatory variables, and biomarkers of vital organ injury.

Results:
Database search yielded 23 qualified studies including 27,729 patients in total. Among them, 14,136 were allocated into TXA group and 13,593 into Control group. The current study indicated that intravenous TXA significantly reduced total volume of postoperative bleeding in both adult and pediatric patients, and that medium- and high-dose TXA were more effective than low-dose TXA in adult patients (P < .05). The current study also demonstrated that intravenous TXA, as compared to Control, remarkably reduced postoperative transfusion incidences and volume of red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma, and reduced postoperative transfusion incidence of platelet concentrates (PC) (P < .05) without obvious dose-effects (P > .05), but TXA did not reduce PC transfusion volume postoperatively in adult patients (P > .05). For pediatrics, TXA did not significantly reduce postoperative transfusion incidence and volume of allogenic red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma and PC (P > .05). Additionally, the current study demonstrated that intravenous TXA did not influence the composite incidence of postoperative mortality and morbidities in either adults or pediatrics during hospitalization (P > .05), and that there was no obvious dose-effect of TXA in adult patients (P > .05).

Conclusions:
This current study suggested that intravenous TXA significantly reduced total volume of postoperative bleeding in both adult and pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the single cardiovascular center without increasing the composite incidence of mortality and morbidities.
Pediatric primary renal lymphoma presenting with multiple masses: A challenging case report and narrative review
Authors: He Xiao , Di Min , Wang Guan-Nan , Gao Jian-Bo 
Published: May 2023

Rationale:
Only 20 cases of pediatric primary renal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma have been reported since 1995, rare cases and a variety of imaging manifestations have led to difficulties in its diagnosis and treatment.

Patient concerns:
Herein, we share in detail a case of primary renal lymphoma (PRL) in a child and summarize the common clinical manifestations, imaging features, and prognostic factors of pediatric PRL by retrospectively analyzing cases reported in the literature. A 2-year-old boy presented to the clinic with a large mass on the right side of his abdomen along with loss of appetite.

Diagnoses:
Imaging revealed a large right renal mass, nearly replacing the entire renal tissue, along with numerous small nodules in the left kidney. Given no local adenopathy and metastases, the diagnosis was unclear. A percutaneous renal puncture was performed, which proved the diagnosis of Burkitt’s lymphoma. Since no bone marrow involvement, this child was diagnosed with pediatric PRL.

Interventions:
This PRL boy was treated with the NHL-BFM95 protocol and supportive care.

Outcomes:
Unfortunately, this boy died of multiple organ failure in the fifth month of treatment.

Lessons:
As per literature review, the presentation of pediatric PRL is fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal swelling, or other nonspecific symptoms. Although in 81% of cases it often infiltrates the bilateral kidneys, urine abnormalities caused by pediatric PRL are uncommon. 76.2% of pediatric PRL were boys and 2/3 of all cases presented as diffuse renal enlargement. Those PRL presented as masses could easily be misdiagnosed as WT or other malignancies. Absent of local enlarged lymph node, no necrosis or calcification suggest atypical presentation of renal masses and a percutaneous biopsy is needed in timely establishing the accurate diagnosis for appropriate treatment. Based on our experience, percutaneous renal puncture core biopsy is a safe procedure.