bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft pinning: Experimental validation of static correlations in supercooled molecular glass-forming liquids
Authors: Das Rajsekhar , Bhowmik Bhanu Prasad , Puthirath Anand B , Narayanan Tharangattu N , Karmakar Smarajit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Enormous enhancement in the viscosity of a liquid near its glass transition is a hallmark of glass transition. Within a class of theoretical frameworks, it is connected to growing many-body static correlations near the transition, often called “amorphous ordering.” At the same time, some theories do not invoke the existence of such a static length scale in the problem. Thus, proving the existence and possible estimation of the static length scales of amorphous order in different glass-forming liquids is very important to validate or falsify the predictions of these theories and unravel the true physics of glass formation. Experiments on molecular glass-forming liquids become pivotal in this scenario as the viscosity grows several folds (∼1014), and simulations or colloidal glass experiments fail to access these required long-time scales. Here we design an experiment to extract the static length scales in molecular liquids using dilute amounts of another large molecule as a pinning site. Results from dielectric relaxation experiments on supercooled Glycerol with different pinning concentrations of Sorbitol and Glucose, as well as the simulations on a few model glass-forming liquids with pinning sites, indicate the versatility of the proposed method, opening possible new avenues to study the physics of glass transition in other molecular liquids.
Preventing Suicide: Time to Mobilize the Physical Therapist Workforce
Authors: McGrath Ryan L , Shephard Sophie , Hemmings Laura , Verdon Sarah , Parnell Tracey 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Each year, approximately 700,000 people, including 46,000 Americans, die by suicide; however, many more people experience suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Historically, the prevention of suicide has largely been the domain of mental health professionals working within specialist mental health care settings. An issue with this approach is that many individuals who experience suicidal ideation never disclose these thoughts to a mental health professional. The nonprofessional and paraprofessional mental health movement aims to bring suicide prevention to the people who need it, rather than wait for them to seek help. The nonprofessional and paraprofessional mental health movement does so by upskilling people who are not recognized as mental health professionals but may have contact with people experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. In this Perspective, we argue that physical therapists are well-positioned to engage in suicide prevention. For example, physical therapists working in pain management are likely to frequently encounter clients experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Physical therapy is also viewed as a physical health profession, meaning that they may have contact with a broad range of populations at high risk of suicide who may be difficult to reach through traditional channels (eg, men from rural communities). Physical therapists will require training on how to provide crisis support, including how to link clients with appropriate mental health services. However, given the size of the physical therapist workforce globally, the impact of mobilizing the physical therapist workforce could be significant.
Cluster analysis reveals a homogeneous subgroup of PCOS women with metabolic disturbance associated with adverse reproductive outcomes
Authors: Chen Hanxiao , Zeng Rujun , Zeng Xun , Qin Lang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous and complex reproductive endocrinological disease that could lead to infertility. There were many attempts to classify PCOS but it remains unclear whether there is a specific subgroup of PCOS that is associated with the best or worst reproductive outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques (ART).

Methods:
Infertile PCOS patients who underwent their first cycle of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2019 to December 2021 were included. Basic clinical and laboratory information of each individual were extracted. Unsupervised cluster analysis was performed. Controlled ovarian stimulation parameters and reproductive outcomes were collected and compared between the different clusters of PCOS.

Results:
Our analysis clustered women with PCOS into "reproductive", "metabolic", and "balanced" clusters based on nine traits. Reproductive group was characterized by high levels of testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), follicular stimulation hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Metabolic group was characterized by high levels of body mass index (BMI), fasting insulin, and fasting glucose. Balanced group was characterized by low levels of the aforementioned reproductive and metabolic parameters, except for SHBG. Compared with PCOS patients in reproductive and balanced clusters, those in metabolic cluster had lower rates of good quality day 3 embryo and blastocyst formation. Moreover, PCOS patients in the reproductive cluster had greater fresh embryo transfer (ET) cancelation rate and clinical pregnancy rate after fresh ET than metabolic cluster (odds ratio [OR] = 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.77–6.44, and OR = 6.19, 95% CI: 1.58–24.24, respectively). And compared with PCOS of metabolic cluster, PCOS of balanced cluster also had higher chance for fresh ET cancelation (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.26–6.35).

Conclusion:
Our study suggested that PCOS patients in metabolic cluster may be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and might need individualized treatment and careful monitoring before and during ART.
STRategies to Improve Pain and Enjoy life (STRIPE): results of a pragmatic randomized trial of pain coping skills training and opioid medication taper guidance for patients on long-term opioid therapy
Authors: Wartko Paige D. , Krakauer Chloe , Turner Judith A. , Cook Andrea J. , Boudreau Denise M. , Sullivan Mark D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Because long-term opioid therapy (LtOT) for chronic pain has uncertain benefits and dose-dependent harms, safe and effective strategies for opioid tapering are needed. Adapting a promising pilot study intervention, we conducted the STRategies to Improve Pain and Enjoy life (STRIPE) pragmatic clinical trial. Patients in integrated health system on moderate-to-high dose of LtOT for chronic noncancer pain were randomized individually to usual care plus intervention (n = 79) or usual care only (n = 74). The intervention included pain coping skills training and optional support for opioid taper, delivered in 18 telephone sessions over a year, with pharmacologic guidance provided to participants' primary care providers by a pain physician. Coprimary outcomes were daily opioid dose (morphine milligram equivalent [MME]), calculated using pharmacy dispensing data, and the self-reported Pain, Enjoyment of Life and General Activity scale at 12 months (primary time point) and 6 months. Secondary outcomes included opioid misuse, opioid difficulties, opioid craving, pain self-efficacy, and global impression of change, depression, and anxiety. Only 41% randomized to the intervention completed all sessions. We did not observe significant differences between intervention and usual care for MME (adjusted mean difference: −2.3 MME; 95% confidence interval: −10.6, 5.9; P = 0.578), the Pain, Enjoyment of Life, General Activity scale (0.0 [95% confidence interval: −0.5, 0.5], P = 0.985), or most secondary outcomes. The intervention did not lower opioid dose or improve pain or functioning. Other strategies are needed to reduce opioid doses while improving pain and function for patients who have been on LtOT for years with high levels of medical, mental health, and substance use comorbidity.
Supervisor Training
Authors: Sinelnikov Sergey , Prentice Emily A. , Bryant Claire S. 
Published: August 2023

Objective
This study presents a pilot evaluation of a new online training program created to improve supervisors’ ability to protect worker safety by recognizing and responding to signs of impairment from diverse causes.

Methods
The study design relied on a mixed-methods approach with two waves of surveys and interviews immediately after training completion and after 3 months to gauge changes in participants’ perceived knowledge and competencies.

Results
Participants had a positive reaction to training and found it relevant to their job responsibilities and aligned with existing organizational safety programs, practices, and policies. There was statistically significant improvement in perceived impairment knowledge and competencies. The study also provided early indications of training transfer.

Conclusions
The study offers encouraging results that may be used to improve the impairment recognition and response training for supervisors and support future investigations of its impact.
Exercise as a therapeutic intervention in chronic kidney disease: are we nearly there yet?
Authors: Castle Ellen M. , Billany Roseanne E. , Lightfoot Courtney J. , Annema Coby , De Smet Stefan , Graham-Brown Matthew P.M. , Greenwood Sharlene A. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The opportunity to review the more recent evidence for prescribing exercise-based physical rehabilitation for people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is timely. There has been a recent global focus evaluating how physical activity interventions might improve health-related quality of life and outcomes for people living with chronic health conditions in a post-COVID era. There is finally a long overdue commitment from the kidney research and clinical community to deliver pragmatic interventions to help people living with CKD to be able to live well with their condition.

Recent findings
This article reviews recent research, and discusses the challenges and potential solutions, for providing exercise-based therapeutic options for people living with CKD; including predialysis self-management interventions, options for both prehabilitation and posttransplant rehabilitation, pragmatic considerations for delivery of exercise therapy for people receiving haemodialysis treatment and the role of virtual kidney-specific rehabilitation.

Summary
Whilst there remains a need for further research in this area of patient care, there is now a body of evidence and kidney-specific guidelines that firmly support a rollout of pragmatic and scalable exercise-based interventions for people living with CKD. We are indeed nearly there now.
Self-report of Nurse Professionalism and Factors Affecting It
Authors: Kurucová Radka , Kohanová Dominika , Žiaková Katarína 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the perception of professionalism by nurses and identify factors that affect the evaluation of professionalism.

BACKGROUND
Professionalism is conceptualized as the set of beliefs related to the autonomy of the profession. Lack of professional respect, a disruptive work environment, and suppression of progressivism in the profession are identified as factors that lead to leaving the profession.

METHODS
The study was carried out according to the CHEERIES (Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys) checklist and included 250 RNs. The Nurses' Professionalism Inventory (NPI) was used.

RESULTS
The mean composite score of the NPI indicates a positive reflection of the professionalism of the nurse. Nurse education and job position were the most significant factors that affected perception of professionalism (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The results show the need to examine the issue of professionalism in nursing to a greater extent and implement the findings of research on innovations at all levels of nursing education.
Transvaginal Posterior Levatorplasty Combined with Perineoplasty: An Effective Surgical Method for Vaginal Rejuvenation
Authors: Wang Keke , Li Fengyong , Li Qiang , Wei Lan , Zhou Yu , Cao Yujiao , Liu Meichen , Li Yilin , Che Kexin , Yuan Ye 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Gynecologic cosmetic surgery and rejuvenation surgery have become increasingly popular, with growing demand for vaginal surgery to address vaginal laxity. Follow-up data on the effectiveness of these procedures remain limited. The authors conducted a retrospective study to investigate the effects of transvaginal posterior levatorplasty combined with perineoplasty on vaginal rejuvenation.

Methods:
The study included 45 patients who underwent transvaginal posterior levatorplasty combined with perineoplasty between July of 2020 and May of 2022. Patient characteristics before operation, at baseline, and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and questionnaires on patient symptoms, quality of life, and sexual function, including the Vaginal Laxity Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index, were evaluated. Pelvic ultrasound imaging was performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

Results:
Mean vaginal capacity index and vaginal laxity scores were different at baseline and 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.01). Female sexual function, including libido, sexual arousal, lubrication, orgasm, sexual satisfaction, and pain levels, were significantly improved (preoperative, 21.68 ± 4.15; 6 months postoperatively, 26.88 ± 2.44; 1 year postoperatively, 29.97 ± 2.10; P < 0.01). Symptoms of stress urinary incontinence and recurrent vaginitis were improved in 78.6% and 90.5% of patients, respectively. On pelvic floor ultrasound, retrovesical angle, urethral rotation angle, levator hiatus, and bladder neck distance were significantly different preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively (P < 0.01). Overall satisfaction was 93.3% at 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Transvaginal posterior levatorplasty combined with perineoplasty is effective for the improvement of patient symptoms, quality of life, sexual function, stress urinary incontinence, and postnatal constipation. Further research on the underlying mechanisms is required.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Pericardial Fat Is Associated With Less Severe Multiorgan Failure Over Time in Patients With Coronavirus Disease-19
Authors: Aydeniz Eda , Weberndorfer Vanessa , Brandts Lloyd , Smulders Martijn W. , van Herpt Thijs T.W. , Martens Bibi , Vernooy Kevin , Linz Dominik , van der Horst Iwan C.C. , Wildberger Joachim E. , van Bussel Bas C.T. , Driessen Rob G.H. , Mihl Casper 
Published: August 2023

Purpose:
Pericardial fat (PF) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may enhance the proinflammatory response in corona virus-19 (COVID-19) patients. Higher PF and EAT volumes might result in multiorgan failure and explain unfavorable trajectories.
The aim of this study was to examine the association between the volume of PF and EAT and multiorgan failure over time.

Materials and Methods:
All mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients with an available chest computed tomography were prospectively included (March-June 2020). PF and EAT volumes were quantified using chest computed tomography scans. Patients were categorized into sex-specific PF and EAT tertiles. Variables to calculate Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were collected daily to indicate multiorgan failure. Linear mixed-effects regression was used to investigate the association between tertiles for PF and EAT volumes separately and serial SOFA scores over time. All models were adjusted.

Results:
Sixty-three patients were divided into PF and EAT tertiles, with median PF volumes of 131.4 mL (IQR [interquartile range]: 115.7, 143.2 mL), 199.8 mL (IQR: 175.9, 221.6 mL), and 318.8 mL (IQR: 281.9, 376.8 mL) and median EAT volumes of 69.6 mL (IQR: 57.0, 79.4 mL), 107.9 mL (IQR: 104.6, 115.1 mL), and 163.8 mL (IQR: 146.5, 203.1 mL). Patients in the highest PF tertile had a statistically significantly lower SOFA score over time (1.3 [−2.5, −0.1], P=0.033) compared with the lowest PF tertile. EAT tertiles were not significantly associated with SOFA scores over time.

Conclusion:
A higher PF volume is associated with less multiorgan failure in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients. EAT volumes were not associated with multiorgan failure.
Bovine Acellular Dermal Matrix–Based Breast Reconstruction in Previously Irradiated Breasts
Authors: Lisa Andrea , Carbonaro Riccardo , Bottoni Manuela , Ostapenko Edvin , Rietjens Mario 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Radiation therapy is considered today an integral part of the management of breast cancer. However, radiotherapy significantly increases the incidence of total complications in breast reconstruction. Several procedures have been adopted to reduce complication rates in irradiated fields, including the use of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs). We conducted a retrospective analysis of our single-center experience with ADM-assisted implant-based reconstruction or revision surgeries for capsular contracture treatment in irradiated breasts. We divided our population into 4 groups based on prior surgical history: group A (previous quadrantectomy), group B (previous mastectomy and expander reconstruction), group C (previous mastectomy and implant reconstruction), and group D (prior quadrantectomy followed by mastectomy and implant reconstruction). At the European Oncology Institute in Milan, Italy, between June 2017 and April 2019, we identified 84 patients for a total of 86 irradiated breasts reconstructed with implant and ADM. We observed a total of 12 reconstructive failure, with the highest rate of failure in group B (16.6%) and in group D (15.38%). Overall, we recorded 22 total complications (24.4%): 12 major complications and 10 minor complications. The most common complication was infection, with 9 cases (10.4%), 6 of which were classified as severe and required implant removal. In group B, we observed the highest complication rate, both major and minor, with 7 of 42 patients (16.6%) experiencing each. Before reconstruction with ADM, the Baker grade ranged from 3 to 4, with a mean of 3.25. At the 2-year follow-up, the Baker grade ranged from 1 to 4, with a mean of 1.9. Surgeons were highly satisfied with the aesthetic result in 72.1% of cases, moderately in 8.1% and unsatisfied in 5.81%, and in 13.9%, the outcome was not assessable because of reconstructive failure. The worst aesthetic result was in group B. We observed significant reduction in capsular contracture in revision surgeries despite a moderately high rate of complications in previous quadrantectomy and radiotherapy. In our experience, breast reconstruction with implant and ADM is not the primary surgical indication in case of prior irradiation, but it can be considered as a valid alternative with reasonable safety profile, to be used in selected cases.
Incidence, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Robin Sequence: A Population-Based Analysis in the United States
Authors: Chocron Yehuda , Alabdulkarim Abdulaziz , Czuzoj-Shulman Nicholas , Abenhaim Haim A. , Gilardino Mirko S. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
While the literature is replete of clinical studies reporting on the Robin sequence (RS), population-based analyses are scarce with significant variability within the literature in terms of reported incidence, demographic parameters, and outcomes. The authors have conducted a 20-year population-based analysis to guide clinical practice.

Methods:
A birth cohort was created from the available datasets in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project—Kids’ Inpatient Database (HCUP-KID; 2000–2019). Robin sequence patients were identified and further stratified by syndromic status. Incidence, demographic parameters, and outcomes including mortality and tracheostomy rates were computed. A subset analysis comparing the isolated and syndromic cohorts was conducted. Data was analyzed through a χ2 or t test.

Results:
The incidence of RS was 5.15:10,000 (95% CI: 4.99–5.31) from a birth cohort of 7.5 million. Overall, 63.3% of the cohort was isolated RS and 36.7% had syndromic RS. Robin sequence patients had a significantly higher rate of cardiac (25.9%) and neurological (8.6%) anomalies compared with the general birth cohort and were most commonly managed in urban teaching hospitals (P<0.0001). The pooled mortality and tracheostomy rates were 6.6% and 3.6%, respectively. Syndromic status was associated with a longer length of hospital stay (27.8 versus 13.6 d), tracheostomy rate (6.2% versus 2.1%), and mortality (14.1% versus 2.2%) compared with isolated RS (P<0.0001).

Conclusions:
The true incidence of RS is likely higher than previously reported estimates. Isolated RS patients have a low associated mortality and tracheostomy rate and are typically managed in urban teaching hospitals. Syndromic status confers a higher mortality rate, tracheostomy rate, and length of stay compared with nonsyndromic counterparts.
Characterization of the mitochondrial proteome in the ctenophoreMnemiopsis leidyiusing MitoPredictor
Authors: Muthye Viraj , Lavrov Dennis V. 
Published: August 2023

ii.AbstractMitochondrial proteomes have been experimentally characterized for only a handful of animal species. However, the increasing availability of genomic and transcriptomic data allows one to infer mitochondrial proteins using computational tools. MitoPredictor is a novel random-forest classifier, which utilizes orthology-search, mitochondrial targeting signal (MTS) identification, and protein domain content to infer mitochondrial proteins in animals. MitoPredictor’s output also includes an easy-to-use R Shiny applet for the visualization and analysis of the results. In this article, we provide a guide for predicting and analyzing the mitochondrial proteome of the ctenophoreMnemiopsis leidyiusing MitoPredictor.
Addressing tuberculosis in artisanal and small-scale mining activities in sub-Saharan Africa: meta-analysis and a call for actions
Authors: Mayeri Daniel Garhalangwanamuntu , Kambale Richard Mbusa , Bugeme Patrick Musole , Ngaboyeka Gaylor Amani , Mushagalusa Charles , Zahinda Franck Mugisho , Tamuzi Jacques L. , Katoto Patrick DMC 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a significant health issue in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, and artisanal mining (AM) may be a contributing factor. However, no systematic review has investigated the association between AM and TB in SSA. Therefore, this study aims to assess the burden of TB among artisanal miners in SSA.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline-OVID, EMBASE, and Scopus databases for studies on AM and TB published up to January 25, 2022. We presented the findings of seven studies that met our inclusion criteria narratively and through figure synthesis, and used inverse-variance weighted random-effects models to combine effect estimates for meta-analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of TB among artisanal workers was estimated to be 15% (95%CI: 8, 23), with higher rates in high TB burden countries (19%, 95%CI: 11, 28) compared to upper-moderate burden countries (8%, 95%CI: 3, 19. Further, exposure to silica dust, a common byproduct of AM, significantly increased the incidence of TB, with a pooled relative risk of 2.19 (95% CI: 1.77, 2.71). Additionally, we found that a higher number of artisanal miners in Ghana was associated with a reduction in TB incidence.ConclusionOur findings suggest that exposure to silica dust in AM is a neglected but a significant risk factor for TB in SSA. More studies and efforts are needed to address this threat to TB control.