bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic turnover can be a leading driver of hierarchy dynamics, and social inheritance modifies its effects
Authors: Strauss Eli D. 
Published: June 2023

Individuals and societies are linked through a feedback loop of mutual influence. Demographic turnover shapes group composition and structure by adding and removing individuals, and social inheritance shapes social structure through the transmission of social traits from parents to offspring. Here I examine how these drivers of social structure feedback to influence individual outcomes. I explore these society-to-individual effects in systems with social inheritance of hierarchy position, as occur in many primates and spotted hyenas. Applying Markov chain models to empirical and simulated data reveals how demography and social inheritance interact to strongly shape individual hierarchy positions. In hyena societies, demographic processes—not status seeking—account for the majority of hierarchy dynamics and cause an on-average lifetime decline in social hierarchy position. Simulated societies clarify how social inheritance alters demographic effects—demographic processes cause hierarchy position to regress to the mean, but the addition of social inheritance modifies this pattern. Notably, the combination of social inheritance and rank-related reproductive success causes individuals to decline in rank over their lifespans, as seen in the hyena data. Further analyses explore how ‘queens’ escape this pattern of decline, and how variation in social inheritance generates variability in reproductive inequality.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of inequality’.
The social formation of fitness: lifetime consequences of prenatal nutrition and postnatal care in a wild mammal population
Authors: Vitikainen E. I. K. , Meniri M. , Marshall H. H. , Thompson F. J. , Businge R. , Mwanguhya F. , Kyabulima S. , Mwesige K. , Ahabonya S. , Sanderson J. L. , Kalema-Zikusoka G. , Hoffman J. I. , Wells D. , Lewis G. , Walker S. L. , Nichols H. J. , Blount J. D. , Cant M. A. 
Published: June 2023

Research in medicine and evolutionary biology suggests that the sequencing of parental investment has a crucial impact on offspring life history and health. Here, we take advantage of the synchronous birth system of wild banded mongooses to test experimentally the lifetime consequences to offspring of receiving extra investment prenatally versus postnatally. We provided extra food to half of the breeding females in each group during pregnancy, leaving the other half as matched controls. This manipulation resulted in two categories of experimental offspring in synchronously born litters: (i) ‘prenatal boost’ offspring whose mothers had been fed during pregnancy, and (ii) ‘postnatal boost’ offspring whose mothers were not fed during pregnancy but who received extra alloparental care in the postnatal period. Prenatal boost offspring lived substantially longer as adults, but postnatal boost offspring had higher lifetime reproductive success (LRS) and higher glucocorticoid levels across the lifespan. Both types of experimental offspring had higher LRS than offspring from unmanipulated litters. We found no difference between the two experimental categories of offspring in adult weight, age at first reproduction, oxidative stress or telomere lengths. These findings are rare experimental evidence that prenatal and postnatal investments have distinct effects in moulding individual life history and fitness in wild mammals.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of inequality’.
Identifying key socioecological factors influencing the expression of egalitarianism and inequality among foragers
Authors: Wilson Kurt M. , Cole Kasey E. , Codding Brian F. 
Published: June 2023

Understanding how resource characteristics influence variability in social and material inequality among foraging populations is a prominent area of research. However, obtaining cross-comparative data from which to evaluate theoretically informed resource characteristic factors has proved difficult, particularly for investigating interactions of characteristics. Therefore, we develop an agent-based model to evaluate how five key characteristics of primary resources (predictability, heterogeneity, abundance, economy of scale and monopolizability) structure pay-offs and explore how they interact to favour both egalitarianism and inequality. Using iterated simulations from 243 unique combinations of resource characteristics analysed with an ensemble machine-learning approach, we find the predictability and heterogeneity of key resources have the greatest influence on selection for egalitarian and nonegalitarian outcomes. These results help explain the prevalence of egalitarianism among foraging populations, as many groups probably relied on resources that were both relatively less predictable and more homogeneously distributed. The results also help explain rare forager inequality, as comparison with ethnographic and archaeological examples suggests the instances of inequality track strongly with reliance on resources that were predictable and heterogeneously distributed. Future work quantifying comparable measures of these two variables, in particular, may be able to identify additional instances of forager inequality.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of inequality’.
Increasing activity after stroke: a randomized controlled trial of high-intensity walking and step activity intervention
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth D. , Pohlig Ryan T. , McCartney Kiersten M. , Hornby T. George , Kasner Scott E. , Raser-Schramm Jonathan , Miller Allison E. , Henderson Christopher E. , Wright Henry , Wright Tamara , Reisman Darcy S. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical inactivity in people with chronic stroke profoundly affects daily function and increases recurrent stroke risk and mortality, making physical activity improvements an important target of intervention. We compared the effects of a high-intensity walking intervention (FAST), a step activity monitoring behavioral intervention (SAM), or a combined intervention (FAST+SAM) on physical activity (i.e., steps per day). We hypothesized the combined intervention would yield the greatest increase in steps per day.MethodsThis assessor-blinded multi-site randomized controlled trial was conducted at four university/hospital-based laboratories. Participants were 21-85 years old, walking without physical assistance following a single, unilateral non-cerebellar stroke of ≥6 months duration, and randomly assigned to FAST, SAM, or FAST+SAM for 12 weeks (2-3 sessions/week). FAST training consisted of walking-related activities for 40 minutes/session at 70-80% heart rate reserve, while SAM received daily feedback and goal-setting of walking activity (steps per day). Assessors and study statistician were masked to group assignment.Thea priori-determined primary outcome and primary endpoint was change in steps per day from pre- to post-intervention. Adverse events (AEs) were tracked after randomization. All randomized participants were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT02835313.FindingsParticipants were enrolled from July 18, 2016-November 16, 2021. Of 250 randomized participants (mean[SE] age 63[0.80], 116F/134M), 89 were assigned to FAST, 81 to SAM, and 80 to FAST+SAM. Steps per day significantly increased in both the SAM (mean[SE] 1542[267], 95%CI:1014-2069,p<0.001) and FAST+SAM groups (1307[280], 752-1861,p<0.001), but not in the FAST group (406[238], 63-876,p=0.09).There were no deaths or serious study-related AEs and all other minor AEs were similar between groups.InterpretationOnly individuals with chronic stroke who completed a step activity monitoring behavioral intervention with skilled coaching and goal progression demonstrated improvements in physical activity (steps per day).
Baseline Pupil Size Seems Unrelated to Fluid Intelligence, Working Memory Capacity, and Attentional Control
Authors: Ruuskanen Veera , Hagen Thomas , Espeseth Thomas , Mathôt Sebastiaan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOver the past few years, several studies have explored the relationship between resting-state baseline pupil size and cognitive abilities, including fluid intelligence, working memory capacity, and attentional control. However, the results have been inconsistent. Here we present the findings from two experiments designed to replicate and expand previous research, with the aim of clarifying previous mixed findings. In both experiments, we measured baseline pupil size while participants were not engaged in any tasks, and assessed fluid intelligence using a matrix task. In one experiment we also measured working memory capacity (letter-number-sequencing task) and attentional control (attentional-capture task). We controlled for several personal and demographic variables known to influence pupil size, such as age and nicotine consumption. Our analyses revealed no relationship between resting-state pupil size (average or variability) and any of the measured constructs, neither before nor after controlling for confounding variables. Taken together, our results suggest that any relationship between resting-state pupil size and cognitive abilities is likely to be weak or non-existent.
Time-varying Functional Connectivity Predicts Fluctuations in Sustained Attention in a Serial Tapping Task
Authors: Seeburger Dolly T. , Xu Nan , Ma Marcus , Larson Sam , Godwin Christine , Keilholz Shella D. , Schumacher Eric H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe mechanisms for how large-scale brain networks contribute to sustained attention is unknown. Attention fluctuates from moment to moment and this continuous change is consistent with dynamic changes in functional connectivity between brain networks involved in the internal and external allocation of attention. In this study, we investigated how brain network activity varied across different levels of attentional focus (i.e., “zones”). Participants performed a finger-tapping task, and guided by previous research, in-the-zone performance or state was identified by low reaction time variability and out-of-the-zone as the inverse. Employing a novel method of time-varying functional connectivity, called the quasi-periodic pattern analysis (i.e., reliable network-level low-frequency fluctuations), we found that the activity between the default mode network (DMN) and task positive network is significantly more anti-correlated during in-the-zone states versus out-of-the-zone states. Furthermore, it is the fronto-parietal control network (FPCN) that drives this difference. Activity in the dorsal attention network (DAN) and DMN were desynchronized across both zone states. During in-the-zone periods, FPCN synchronized with DAN, while during out-of-the-zone periods, FPCN synchronized with DMN. In contrast, the ventral attention network synchronized more closely with DMN during in-the-zone periods compared to out-of-the-zone periods. These findings demonstrate that time-varying functional connectivity across different brain networks varies with fluctuations in sustained attention.
Intracellular Proteomics and Extracellular Vesiculomics as a Metric of Disease Recapitulation in 3D Bioprinted Aortic Valve Arrays
Authors: Clift Cassandra L. , Blaser Mark C. , Gerrits Willem , Turner Mandy E. , Sonawane Abhijeet R. , Pham Tan , Andresen Jason L. , Fenton Owen S. , Grolman Joshua M. , Buffolo Fabrizio , Schoen Frederick J. , Hjortnaes Jesper , Muehlschlegel Jochen D. , Mooney David J. , Aikawa Masanori , Singh Sasha A. , Langer Robert , Aikawa Elena 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTIn calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), mechanosensitive valvular cells respond to fibrosis- and calcification-induced tissue stiffening, further driving pathophysiology. No pharmacotherapeutics are available to treat CAVD, due to the lack of: 1) appropriate experimental models that recapitulate this complex environment; and 2) benchmarking novel engineered AV-model performance. We established a biomaterial-based CAVD model mimicking the biomechanics of the human AV disease-prone fibrosa layer, 3D-bioprinted into 96-well arrays. LC-MS/MS analyses probed the cellular proteome and vesiculome to compare the 3D-bioprinted model vs. traditional 2D monoculture, against human CAVD tissue. The 3D-bioprinted model highly recapitulated the CAVD cellular proteome (94% vs. 70% of 2D proteins). Integration of cellular/vesicular datasets identified known and novel proteins ubiquitous to AV calcification. This study explores how 2D vs. 3D-bioengineered systems recapitulate unique aspects of human disease, positions multi-omics as a novel technique for the evaluation of high throughput-based bioengineered model systems and potentiates future drug discovery.
Early Deficits in Dentate Circuit and Behavioral Pattern Separation after Concussive Brain Injury
Authors: Corrubia Lucas , Huang Andrew , Nguyen Susan , Shiflett Michael W. , Jones Mathew V. , Ewell Laura A. , Santhakumar Vijayalakshmi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury leads to cellular and circuit changes in the dentate gyrus, a gateway to hippocampal information processing. Intrinsic granule cell firing properties and strong feedback inhibition in the dentate are proposed as critical to its ability to generate unique representation of similar inputs by a process known as pattern separation. Here we evaluate the impact of brain injury on cellular decorrelation of temporally patterned inputs in slices and behavioral discrimination of spatial locationsin vivoone week after concussive lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) in mice. Despite posttraumatic increases in perforant path evoked excitatory drive to granule cells and enhanced ΔFosB labeling, indicating sustained increase in excitability, the reliability of granule cell spiking was not compromised after FPI. Although granule cells continued to effectively decorrelate output spike trains recorded in response to similar temporally patterned input sets after FPI, their ability to decorrelate highly similar input patterns was reduced. In parallel, encoding of similar spatial locations in a novel object location task that involves the dentate inhibitory circuits was impaired one week after FPI. Injury induced changes in pattern separation were accompanied by loss of somatostatin expressing inhibitory neurons in the hilus. Together, these data suggest that the early posttraumatic changes in the dentate circuit undermine dentate circuit decorrelation of temporal input patterns as well as behavioral discrimination of similar spatial locations, both of which could contribute to deficits in episodic memory.
Strong Elastic Protein Nanosheets Enable the Culture and Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells on Microdroplets
Authors: Mojares Elijah , Chrysanthou Alexandra , Gautrot Julien E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdvances in stem cell technologies, revolutionising regenerative therapies and advanced in vitro testing, require novel cell manufacturing pipelines able to cope with scale up and parallelisation. Microdroplet technologies, which have transformed single cell sequencing and other cell-based assays, are attractive in this context, but the inherent soft mechanics of liquid-liquid interfaces is typically thought to be incompatible with the expansion of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and their differentiation. In this work, we report the design of protein nanosheets stabilising liquid-liquid interfaces and enabling the adhesion, expansion and retention of stemness by iPSCs. We use microdroplet microfluidic chips to control the formulation of droplets with defined dimensions and size distributions and demonstrate that these sustain high expansion rates, with excellent retention of stem cell marker expression. We further demonstrate that iPSCs cultured in such conditions retain the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and demonstrate such process on droplets. This work provides clear evidence that local nanoscale mechanics, associated with interfacial viscoelasticity, provides strong cues able to regulate and maintain pluripotency, as well as to support commitment in defined differentiation conditions. Microdroplet technologies appear as attractive candidates to transform cell manufacturing pipelines, bypassing significant hurdles paused by solid substrates and microcarriers.
Single cell transcriptomics unveiled that early life BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed the gut-liver axis to promote a pro-inflammatory metabolic signature in male mice at late adulthood
Authors: Lim Joe Jongpyo , Goedkin Michael , Jin Yan , Gu Haiwei , Cui Julia Yue 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of legacy flame retardants that bioaccumulate in the environment, raising global health concerns. The gut microbiome is an important regulator of liver including xenobiotic biotransformation, nutrient homeostasis, and immune regulation. Using bulk RNA-Seq, we recently showed that neonatal exposure to BDE-99, a human breast milk-enriched PBDE congener, up-regulated pro-inflammation- and down-regulated drug metabolism-related genes predominantly in males in young adulthood. However, it remains unknown whether such dysregulation persists into late adulthood, how various cell types in the liver contribute to the hepatotoxicity, and to what extent gut microbiome is involved in BDE-99 mediated developmental reprogramming of the liver. To address these knowledge gaps, male C57BL/6 mouse pups were orally exposed to corn oil (10 ml/kg) or BDE-99 (57 mg/kg) once daily from postnatal days 2-4. At 15 months of age, single cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) in liver showed that neonatal BDE-99 exposure down-regulated key xenobiotic- and fatty acid metabolizing enzymes and up-regulated genes involved in microbial influx in hepatocytes. Neonatal BDE-99 exposure also led to a persistent increase in the hepatic proportion of neutrophils, a predicted increase of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) signaling, which activates macrophage populations, as well as histopathological abnormalities of the liver in 15 months of age. The BDE-99 mediated hepatic reprogramming is associated with decreased intestinal tight junction protein (Tjp) transcripts, persistent dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, and dysregulation of inflammation-related fatty acid metabolites. ScRNA-seq in germ-free (GF) mice demonstrated the necessity of a normal gut microbiome in maintaining hepatic immunotolerance. Fecal microbiome transplant to GF mice using large intestinal microbiome from adults that were neonatally exposed to BDE-99 down-regulated Tjp transcripts and up-regulated several cytokines in the large intestine. In conclusion, neonatal BDE-99 exposure reprogrammed the cell type-specific gene expression and cell-cell communication networks in liver towards a pro-inflammation with compromised metabolic functions at late adulthood. Importantly, gut microbiome is necessary in promoting immunotolerance in the liver, and BDE-99-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling may be partly due to the dysregulated gut environment.
Dark side of the honeymoon: reconstructing the Asian x European rose breeding history through the lens of genomics
Authors: Leroy Thibault , Albert Elise , Thouroude Tatiana , Baudino Sylvie , Caissard Jean-Claude , Chastellier Annie , Chameau Jérôme , Jeauffre Julien , Loubert Thérèse , Paramita Saretta Nindya , Pernet Alix , Soufflet-Freslon Vanessa , Oghina-Pavie Cristiana , Foucher Fabrice , Oyant Laurence Hibrand-Saint , Clotault Jérémy 
Published: June 2023

SummaryRoses hold significant symbolic value in Western cultural heritage, often serving as a symbol of love and romance. Despite their ancient cultivation, the appreciation for the phenotypic diversity of roses emerged relatively recently, notably during the 19th century. This period is characterized by a remarkable expansion in the number of varieties, from around 100 to over 8,000, representing a golden age for roses.To trace the history of rose breeding in Europe and unveil genetic changes during this period, we gathered phenotypic and genetic data from 204 accessions. These included botanical roses and varieties cultivated between 1800 and 1910. Whole-genome sequences from 32 accessions were also included.Our analysis revealed a temporal shift in the genetic makeup, transitioning from a historical European to a near-Asian genetic background within a few generations. This shift was accompanied by a notable reduction in genetic diversity, attributed to the backcrossing with the less diverse Asian genepool, plus some genomic signatures of selection.We have generated the largest GWAS catalog for rose to date, offering a valuable resource for future breeding initiatives. We emphasize the critical importance of preserving ancient rose collections to safeguard diversity and ensure a sustainable breeding for the long term.
A mixed methods analysis of youth mental health intervention feasibility and acceptability in a North American city: perspectives from Seattle, Washington
Authors: Mensa-Kwao Augustina , Cuc Ingrid Sub , Concepcion Tessa , Kemp Christopher G. , Hughsam Matthew , Sinha Moitreyee , Collins Pamela Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn March 2021, the Governor of Washington declared a youth mental health crisis. State data revealed high rates of youth suicide and inadequate access to services. This mixed-methods study examines youth and adult perspectives on mental health service gaps and opportunities in Seattle by assessing needs, feasibility, and acceptability of interventions to support youth mental health.MethodsWe interviewed 15 key informants to identify the contextual, structural, and individual-level factors that increase the risk of poor mental health and deter access to care among young people. We complimented these data with a cross-sectional 25-item survey of 117 participants in King County to assess the feasibility and acceptability of interventions for youth mental health. We conducted a deductive thematic qualitative analysis of the interviews and performed descriptive analyses of the quantitative data, using t-tests and χ2tests to summarize and compare participant characteristics stratified by age group.ResultsQualitative informants attributed challenges to youth mental health to social and relational problems. Example interventions included creating environments that increase belonging and implementation of culturally congruent mental health services. Quantitative study participants rated all evidence-based mental health interventions presented as highly acceptable. However, youth preferred interventions promoting social connectedness, peer support, and holistic approaches to care, while non-youth preferred interventions focused on suicide, alcohol, and substance abuse prevention. Both key informants and survey participants identified schools as the highest priority setting for mental health interventions. There were no significant differences among quantitative outcomes.ConclusionOur findings highlight the need for reducing social isolation and increasing social connectedness to support youth mental health. Schools and digital tools were preferred platforms for implementation. Engaging multiple stakeholders, especially young people, and addressing cultural needs and accessibility of mental health resources are important pre-implementation activities for youth mental health intervention in a US city.