bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moisture sources of summer heavy precipitation in two spatial patterns over Northeast China during 1979–2021
Authors: Yao Shibo , Lang Xianmei , Si Dong , Tian Zhiping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study classifies the spatial distribution of heavy precipitation in summer (June–August) from 1979 to 2021 in the three provinces of Northeast China (TPNC) into two patterns by using the self‐organizing maps (SOM) neural network, and then quantitatively analyzes their moisture transport channels and sources using the Lagrangian model. The results show that the summer heavy precipitation in TPNC can be divided into the northern and southern patterns according to the distribution of the heavy precipitation. Both patterns of heavy precipitation are affected by the low‐level vortex west of TPNC, but the strength and shape of the low vortex are different. The northern pattern is mainly influenced by the westerly flow in the vortex in the mid‐high latitudes, which transports moisture from the upstream westerly region into TPNC. The southern pattern is mainly affected by the southerly jet stream southeast of TPNC, which conveys a large amount of moisture from the East Asian summer monsoon region into TPNC. In terms of the summer climatological mean, the northern pattern has a higher precipitation recycling rate, while the southern pattern has a lower recycling rate.
Comparisons of clinical characteristics, prognosis, epidemiological factors, and genetic susceptibility between HER2‐low and HER2‐zero breast cancer among Chinese females
Authors: Zheng Lu , Zhang Yunmeng , Wang Zhipeng , Wang Huan , Hao Chunfang , Li Chenyang , Zhao Yanrui , Lyu Zhangyan , Song Fangfang , Chen Kexin , Huang Yubei , Song Fengju 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundTraditional human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative breast cancer (BC) is recommended to be divided into HER2‐low and HER2‐zero subtypes due to different prognosis. However, few studies investigated their differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis among Chinese HER2‐negative BC and their stratified differences by hormone receptor (HR), while fewer studies investigated their differences in epidemiological factors and genetic susceptibility.MethodsA total of 11,911 HER2‐negative BC were included to compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis between HER2‐zero and HER2‐low BC, and 4227 of the 11,911 HER2‐negative BC were further compared to 5653 controls to investigate subtype‐specific epidemiological factors and single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).ResultsOverall, 64.2% of HER2‐negative BC were HER2‐low BC, and the stratified proportions of HER2‐low BC were 61.9% and 75.2% for HR‐positive and HR‐negative BC, respectively. Compared to HER2‐zero BC, HER2‐low BC among HR‐positive BC showed younger age at diagnosis, later stage, poorer differentiation, and higher Ki‐67, while elder age at diagnosis and lower mortality were observed for HER2‐low BC among HR‐negative BC (all p values <0.05). Compared to healthy controls, both HER2‐low and HER2‐zero BC are associated with similar epidemiological factors and SNPs. However, stronger interaction between epidemiological factors and polygenic risk scores were observed for HER2‐zero BC than HER2‐low BC among either HR‐positive [odds ratios: 10.71 (7.55–15.17) and 8.84 (6.19–12.62) for the highest risk group compared to the lowest risk group] or HR‐negative BC [7.00 (3.14–15.63) and 5.70 (3.26–9.98)].ConclusionsHER2‐low BC should deserve more attention than HER2‐zero BC, especially in HR‐negative BC, due to larger proportion, less clinical heterogeneity, better prognosis, and less susceptibility to risk factors.
Mutational pattern off homologous recombination repair (HRR)‐related genes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Yang Kaiwei , Yu Wei , Liu Huanhuan , Lou Feng , Cao Shanbo , Wang Huina , He Zhisong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHomologous recombination (HR) repair (HRR) has been indicated to be a biomarker for immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and poly‐ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors inhibitors (PARPis). Nonetheless, their molecular correlates in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) have not been well studied. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism and tumor immune profile of HRR genes and the relevance of their prognostic value in patients with UTUC.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐seven tumors and matched blood samples from Chinese UTUC were subjected to next‐generation sequencing. A total of 186 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas were included. Comprehensive analysis was performed.ResultsIn Chinese patients with UTUC, 5.01% harbored germline HRR gene mutations, and 1.01% had Lynch syndrome‐related genes. A total of 37.6% (74/197) of patients carried somatic or germline HRR gene mutations. There was marked discrepancy in the mutation landscapes, genetic interactions, and driver genes between the HRR‐mut cohorts and HRR‐wt cohorts. Aristolochic acid signatures and defective DNA mismatch repair signatures only existed in individuals in the HRR‐mut cohorts. Inversely, the unknown signature (signature A) and signature SBS55 only existed in patients in the HRR‐wt cohorts. HRR gene mutations regulated immune activities by NKT cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, hematopoietic stem cell, and M1 macrophages. In patients with local recurrence, patients with HRR gene mutations had poorer DFS rates than patients with wild‐type HRR genes.ConclusionsOur results imply that the detection of HRR gene mutations can predict recurrence in patients with UC. In addition, this study provides a path to explore the role of HRR‐directed therapies, including PARPis, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
Applications of drag reducers for the pipeline transportation of heavy crude oils: A critical review and future research directions
Authors: Rushd Sayeed , Ferroudji Hicham , Yousuf Hazzaz , Walker Travis W. , Basu Avijit , Sen Tushar Kanti 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe long‐distance pipeline transportation of heavy crudes demands optimal pumping procedures to abate overhead expenditures in the midstream phase. This can be facilitated by reducing both the oil viscosity and the frictional losses induced by the turbulent flow zone. The dualistic approach of reducing both viscosity and drag requires the optimization of several parameters such as concentrations and types of diluents and additives. This manuscript critically reviews various technologies being undertaken to facilitate the pipeline transportation of heavy crude oils by highlighting the technique of dilution coupled with the addition of drag reducing agents (DRA). DRA such as surfactants, nanoparticles, bio‐additives, polymers, and fibres are blended with the diluted crudes to suppress the proliferation of turbulent eddies which in turn assist in pumping the oil at a higher flow rate under constant pressure conditions. Several investigations have reported that drag reduction is significantly enhanced by varying the molecular structure of the DRA. In addition, an optimum flow rate coupled with a specific surfactant concentration at an ideal temperature can significantly reduce head losses and pumping expenditures. Further research is imperative to study the effect of the polymer structure with respect to the induced shear degradation and dissolution behavior of the crude.
Oxidation of Difluorocarbene by Pyridine N‐Oxide and Ensuing Access to Carbamoyl Fluorides†
Authors: Tang Hai‐Jun , Shi Xue‐Min , Zhu Xiao‐Yu , Wang Cheng‐Qiang , Feng Chao 
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive SummaryA practical one‐pot preparation of carbamoyl fluorides from easily obtained pyridine N‐oxide, commercially available secondary amines and synthetically versatile difluorocarbene precursors (Ruppert‐Prakash reagent or Chen's reagent) was developed herein, which dexterously resorted to the oxidation of difluorocarbene by external pyridine N‐oxide to produce the toxic and gaseous fluorophosgene in situ. Notable features of this method include nice functionality tolerance, late‐stage modification of drug molecules and the recovery and recycle of quinoline.
Issues of integration, language and identity among Palestinian students at an Israeli “Hebrew‐speaking” University
Authors: Stock Friederike , Ron Yiftach 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examines the experiences of Palestinian students at one of the largest universities in Israel, where most of the faculty members and students are Jewish and the language of study is Hebrew. A thematic content analysis of 15 in‐depth interviews was conducted with Palestinian students who are citizens of Israel or permanent residents living in East Jerusalem. It revealed the challenges at a Jewish‐dominated university on both an academic and a social level. Participants reported that increased exposure to their Jewish counterparts and acquiring greater proficiency in Hebrew facilitated improved intergroup contact with Jewish students. In contrast, the constraints of asymmetry, political tension, and a lack of Hebrew proficiency acted as barriers and were described as major causes of division between Palestinian and Jewish students. Furthermore, constant exposure to Jewish majority culture and the Hebrew language is found to be linked to a strong sense of Palestinian group identity. These findings expand our understanding of the interrelations between language, power and identity in asymmetric intergroup relationships.
Boolean logic in synthetic biology and biomaterials: Towards living materials in mammalian cell therapeutics
Authors: Bressler Eric M. , Adams Sarah , Liu Rong , Colson Yolonda L. , Wong Wilson W. , Grinstaff Mark W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground: The intersection of synthetic biology and biomaterials promises to enhance safety and efficacy in novel therapeutics. Both fields increasingly employ Boolean logic, which allows for specific therapeutic outputs (e.g., drug release, peptide synthesis) in response to inputs such as disease markers or bio‐orthogonal stimuli. Examples include stimuli‐responsive drug delivery devices and logic‐gated chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. In this review, we explore recent manuscripts highlighting the potential of synthetic biology and biomaterials with Boolean logic to create novel and efficacious living therapeutics.Main body: Collaborations in synthetic biology and biomaterials have led to significant advancements in drug delivery and cell therapy. Borrowing from synthetic biology, researchers have created Boolean‐responsive biomaterials sensitive to multiple inputs including pH, light, enzymes and more to produce functional outputs such as degradation, gel‐sol transition and conformational change. Biomaterials also enhance synthetic biology, particularly CAR T and adoptive T cell therapy, by modulating therapeutic immune cells in vivo. Nanoparticles and hydrogels also enable in situ generation of CAR T cells, which promises to drive down production costs and expand access to these therapies to a larger population. Biomaterials are also used to interface with logic‐gated CAR T cell therapies, creating controllable cellular therapies that enhance safety and efficacy. Finally, designer cells acting as living therapeutic factories benefit from biomaterials that improve biocompatibility and stability in vivo.Conclusion: By using Boolean logic in both cellular therapy and drug delivery devices, researchers have achieved better safety and efficacy outcomes. While early projects show incredible promise, coordination between these fields is ongoing and growing. We expect that these collaborations will continue to grow and realize the next generation of living biomaterial therapeutics.
Formulation and mixing conditions of magnetic composite materials used for magnetic wedges in an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Horiuchi Manabu , Yoshida Ryo , Nirei Masami , Sato Mitsuhide , Mizuno Tsutomu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is characterized by its high efficiency. However, torque ripple and loss occur because of the spatial harmonics generated by air‐gap permeance fluctuations. This study clarified that slot harmonic components can be suppressed by inserting magnetic wedges made of magnetic composite material in the slot opening of an IPMSM. First, the authors examined the torque and loss characteristics by varying relative permeability and saturation magnetic flux density of magnetic wedges using finite element analysis (FEA). Results indicated that the torque ripple and loss could be suppressed when the relative permeability of the magnetic wedge was μr = 10 to 22 and the saturation magnetic flux density was Bs = 0.5 to 0.75 T. Furthermore, the authors produced magnetic composite materials made of various soft magnetic material powders and examined their magnetic properties and viscosities. Results showed that a magnetic composite material with optimal magnetic properties and injectable viscosity could be manufactured using Fe‐Si‐Al with a low volume fraction.
Miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion and solid‐phase clear‐up combined with capillary electrophoresis for efficient determination of trace bioactive components in complicated sample matrix: Take Wubi Shanyao Pill as an example
Authors: Gao Wei , Qin Yaxin , Zang Yaping , Zhu Jiaming , Chen Wei , Tong Shengqiang , Zeng Yuqun , Chu Chu 
Published: June 2023

Accurate quantitative analysis of trace analytes in a complicated matrix is a challenge in modern analytical chemistry. An appropriate analytical method is considered to be one of the most common gaps during the whole process. In this study, a green and efficient strategy based on miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion and solid‐phase extraction combined with capillary electrophoresis was first proposed for extracting, purifying and determining target analytes from complicated matrix, using Wubi Shanyao Pill as an example. In detail, 60 mg of samples were dispersed on MCM‐48 to obtain high yields of analytes, then the extract was purified with a solid‐phase extraction cartridge. Finally, four analytes in the purified sample solution were determined by capillary electrophoresis. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of matrix solid‐phase dispersion, purification efficiency of solid‐phase extraction and separation effect of capillary electrophoresis were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, all analytes demonstrated satisfactory linearity (R2>0.9983). What's more, the superior green potential of the developed method for the determination of complex samples was confirmed by the Analytical GREEnness Metric Approach. The established method was successfully applied in the accurate determination of target analytes in Wubi Shanyao Pill and thus provided reliable, sensitive, and efficient strategy support for its quality control.
The determination of dimethyl sulfoxide in natural waters using electrochemical reduction
Authors: McCulloch Ross , Tortell Philippe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA highly specific electrochemical reduction method has been developed that enables the trace level measurement of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentration in natural waters. Following the sparging of native dimethyl sulfide (DMS) from the sample, DMSO is reduced to DMS using a novel electrochemical workflow that relies upon CuSO4 as a redox mediator. The DMS produced through DMSO reduction is collected, concentrated, and detected using a previously described Purge & Trap‐Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry (P&T‐APCI‐MS/MS) analytical workflow. The method provides a 0.5 pM detection limit for the analysis of DMSO in 10 mL sample volumes, with a demonstrated method precision of 5.4% for the analysis of consecutive 10 nM aqueous standards. The method selectivity for DMSO was evaluated using a range of commonly observed marine organosulfur compounds, none of which were found to interfere with the analysis at a reduction potential of 4 V. Method intercomparison confirmed that the electrochemical reduction provides results that are equivalent (at the 95% confidence level) to an established TiCl3 reduction protocol for the analysis of both freshwater and seawater samples. Relative to established methods of DMSO reduction, the electrochemical method provides excellent selectivity and reproducibility, and offers the potential for automated, high‐throughput analysis. In addition, the new electrochemical method does not require expensive, difficult to procure enzymes or hazardous, corrosive chemical reagents. Depth profile measurements of DMSO, DMS, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) for unfiltered seawater samples collected in Saanich Inlet, a coastal fjord in British Columbia, demonstrate the effectiveness of the DMSO reduction method in an oceanographic context.
Optimal polynomial smoothers for multigrid V‐cycles
Authors: Lottes James 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe idea of using polynomial methods to improve simple smoother iterations within a multigrid method for a symmetric positive definite system is revisited. A two‐level bound going back to Hackbusch is optimized by a very simple iteration, a close cousin of the Chebyshev semi‐iterative method, but based on the Chebyshev polynomials of the fourth instead of first kind. A full V‐cycle bound for general polynomial smoothers is derived using the V‐cycle theory of McCormick. The fourth‐kind Chebyshev iteration is quasi‐optimal for the V‐cycle bound. The optimal polynomials for the V‐cycle bound can be found numerically, achieving about an 18% lower error contraction factor bound than the fourth‐kind Chebyshev iteration, asymptotically as the number of smoothing steps . Implementation of the optimized iteration is discussed, and the performance of the polynomial smoothers is illustrated with numerical examples.
Confinement Effects on the Structure of Entropy‐Induced Supercrystals
Authors: Goldmann Claire , Chaâbani Wajdi , Hotton Claire , Impéror‐Clerc Marianne , Moncomble Adrien , Constantin Doru , Alloyeau Damien , Hamon Cyrille 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDepletion‐induced self‐assembly is routinely used to separate plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) of different shapes, but less often for its ability to create supercrystals (SCs) in suspension. Therefore, these plasmonic assemblies have not yet reached a high level of maturity and their in‐depth characterization by a combination of in situ techniques is still very much needed. In this work, gold triangles (AuNTs) and silver nanorods (AgNRs) are assembled by depletion‐induced self‐assembly. Small Angle X‐ray Scattering (SAXS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the AuNTs and AgNRs form 3D and 2D hexagonal lattices in bulk, respectively. The colloidal crystals are also imaged by in situ Liquid‐Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy. Under confinement, the affinity of the NPs for the liquid cell windows reduces their ability to stack perpendicularly to the membrane and lead to SCs with a lower dimensionality than their bulk counterparts. Moreover, extended beam irradiation leads to disassembly of the lattices, which is well described by a model accounting for the desorption kinetics highlighting the key role of the NP‐membrane interaction in the structural properties of SCs in the liquid‐cell. The results shed light on the reconfigurability of NP superlattices obtained by depletion‐induced self‐assembly, which can rearrange under confinement.
A Multivalent Personalized Vaccine Orchestrating Two‐Signal Activation Rebuilds the Bridge Between Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Kou Xiaorong , He Tao , Zhang Miaomiao , Wu Xinyue , Li Xinchao , Luo Rui , Wu Rui , Gou Xinyu , Shen Meiling , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPersonalized vaccines capable of circumventing tumor heterogeneity have exhibited compelling prospects. However, their therapeutic benefit is greatly hindered by the limited antigen repertoire and poor response of CD8+ T‐cell immunity. Here, a double‐signal coregulated cross‐linking hydrogel‐based vaccine (Bridge‐Vax) is engineered to rebuild the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity for activating CD8+ T‐cells against full repertoire of tumor antigens. Mechanistically, unlike prominent CD4+ T‐cell responses in most cases, administration of Bridge‐Vax encapsulated with granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor concentrates a wave of dendritic cells (DCs), which further promotes DCs activation with costimulatory signal by the self‐adjuvanted nature of polysaccharide hydrogel. Simultaneously, synergy with the increased MHC‐I epitopes by codelivered simvastatin for cross‐presentation enhancement, Bridge‐Vax endows DCs with necessary two signals for orchestrating CD8+ T‐cell activation. Bridge‐Vax elicits potent antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses in vivo, which not only shows efficacy in B16‐OVA model but confers specific immunological memory to protect against tumor rechallenge. Moreover, personalized multivalent Bridge‐Vax tailored by leveraging autologous tumor cell membranes as antigens inhibits postsurgical B16F10 tumor recurrence. Hence, this work provides a facile strategy to rebuild the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity for inducing potent CD8+ T‐cell immunity and would be a powerful tool for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Prior achievement in math impacts adolescents’ help‐seeking behavior in interactive learning environments
Authors: Levy Cohen Rinat , Zusho Akane 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStudents who struggle to complete an assignment may rely on self‐regulatory strategies such as rereading class notes or learning from worked‐out examples from textbooks to handle tasks beyond their capability. Learners may also reach out to teachers or peers for assistance. In the past, seeking help from other individuals has been viewed as a dependent behavior. (Nelson‐Le Gall's 1985) ground‐breaking work created a paradigm shift that resulted in perceiving help seeking as an essential and desired self‐regulated learning skill that significantly contributes to academic achievement. Research has shown that not all students seek help when they are stuck. Unfortunately, it is typically low prior knowledge students who do not seek help in the classroom because they feel embarrassed. Recent research indicates, however, that the anonymity available in interactive learning environments seems to alleviate this situation.
Boundary terms and conserved charges in higher-derivative gauged supergravity
Authors: Cassani Davide , Ruipérez Alejandro , Turetta Enrico 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We address some issues in higher-derivative gauged supergravity with Chern-Simons terms, focusing on the five-dimensional case. We discuss the variational problem with Dirichlet boundary conditions as well as holographic renormalization in asymptotically locally AdS spacetimes, and derive the corresponding boundary terms. We then employ Wald’s formalism in order to define conserved charges associated to local symmetries (diffeomorphisms and U(1) gauge transformations), taking into account the effect of generic gauge Chern-Simons terms. We prove that the first law of black hole mechanics and the quantum statistical relation hold in this setup. Chern-Simons terms also lead us to distinguish between Noether charges and Page (or Komar) charges which satisfy the Gauss law. We make use of the latter to compute corrections to the angular momentum and electric charge of the supersymmetric black hole in AdS5 from its corrected near-horizon geometry. This also allows us to derive the microcanonical form of the entropy as a function of the conserved charges relying entirely on the near-horizon geometry. Finally, we comment on four-derivative gauged supergravity in four dimensions, showing that field redefinitions permit to simplify the action at linear order in the corrections, so that the equations of motion are those of the two-derivative theory.