bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The AIMS Site Survey
Authors: Bao Xing-Ming , Wang Jian , Jing Shuai , Deng Yuan-Yong , Wang Dong-Guang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper reports site survey results for the Infrared System for the Accurate Measurement of Solar Magnetic Field, especially in Saishiteng Mountain, Qinghai, China. Since 2017, we have installed a weather station, spectrometers for precipitable water vapor, and Solar Differential Image Motion Monitor, and have carried out observations on weather elements, precipitable water vapor, and daytime seeing conditions for more than one year in almost all candidates. At Mt. Saishiteng, the median value of daytime precipitable water vapor is 5.25 mm and its median value in winter season is 2.1 mm. The median value of the Fried parameter of daytime seeing observation at Saishiteng Mountain is 3.42 cm. Its solar direct radiation data show that solar average observable time is 446 minutes per day and premium time is 401 minutes per day in 2019 August.
Three novel methods for determining motor threshold with transcranial magnetic stimulation outperform conventional procedures
Authors: Wang Boshuo , Peterchev Angel V , Goetz Stefan M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective. Thresholding of neural responses is central to many applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), but the stochastic aspect of neuronal activity and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) challenges thresholding techniques. We analyzed existing methods for obtaining TMS motor threshold and their variations, introduced new methods from other fields, and compared their accuracy and speed. Approach. In addition to existing relative-frequency methods, such as the five-out-of-ten method, we examined adaptive methods based on a probabilistic motor threshold model using maximum-likelihood (ML) or maximum a-posteriori (MAP) estimation. To improve the performance of these adaptive estimation methods, we explored variations in the estimation procedure and inclusion of population-level prior information. We adapted a Bayesian estimation method which iteratively incorporated information of the TMS responses into the probability density function. A family of non-parametric stochastic root-finding methods with different convergence criteria and stepping rules were explored as well. The performance of the thresholding methods was evaluated with an independent stochastic MEP model. Main Results. The conventional relative-frequency methods required a large number of stimuli, were inherently biased on the population level, and had wide error distributions for individual subjects. The parametric estimation methods obtained the thresholds much faster and their accuracy depended on the estimation method, with performance significantly improved when population-level prior information was included. Stochastic root-finding methods were comparable to adaptive estimation methods but were much simpler to implement and did not rely on a potentially inaccurate underlying estimation model. Significance. Two-parameter MAP estimation, Bayesian estimation, and stochastic root-finding methods have better error convergence compared to conventional single-parameter ML estimation, and all these methods require significantly fewer TMS pulses for accurate estimation than conventional relative-frequency methods. Stochastic root-finding appears particularly attractive due to the low computational requirements, simplicity of the algorithmic implementation, and independence from potential model flaws in the parametric estimators.
Spontaneous formation of a transport barrier in helium plasma in a tokamak with circular configuration
Authors: Macha P. , Adamek J. , Seidl J. , Stockel J. , Svoboda V. , Van Oost G. , Lobko L. , Krbec J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We report on the first experimental observation of a spontaneously formed transport barrier in the tokamak with a circular configuration in helium plasmas. There was no external polarization of the plasma by electric field or other technique to form the barrier as it is typically used in tokamaks with circular plasma. In general, the transport barriers play an important role in plasma confinement especially in tokamaks with divertor configuration. In our experiments, we clearly observe distinct characteristics of a transport barrier, including a steep gradient of the electron temperature and an enhanced radial electric field along with the change in the plasma potential, floating potential, and electron temperature fluctuation. The electron temperature and the plasma potential are obtained by a combination of the ball-pen and Langmuir probe measurements with high temporal resolution on a shot-to-shot basis. This first experimental observation of the spontaneously formed transport barrier might bring new possibilities to obtain a fusion-relevant study of the edge plasma parameters and transport in helium plasmas even on small tokamaks.
Gaussian process-based quasi-coherent noise suppression in magnetic confinement devices with superconductors
Authors: Kim Jaewook , Kim Jayhyun , Ghim Y.-c. , Jang Juhyeok 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Gaussian process (GP)-based technique suppressing quasi-coherent noises, i.e. structured noises, is developed which is more effective than conventional denoising techniques such as using frequency-domain filters. Superconducting devices like KSTAR, EAST, JT-60SA and ITER require separate sets of normal conducting magnetic coils inside the tokamak vacuum vessels to achieve a prompt control of fusion-grade plasmas in response to various fast and abrupt plasma activities such as vertical displacement events. Hence, these in-vessel control coils are typically operated with high-frequency switching power supplies which generate quasi-coherent noises. Semi-conductor based bolometers in KSTAR, for instance, are vulnerable to the quasi-coherent noise that makes a tomographic reconstruction for the 2D poloidal radiation map with the noise-contaminated signals flawed. By modeling the quasi-coherent properties of the noise as multivariate Gaussian distribution and generating the kernel function for the GP solely based on the measurements, the proposed method is able to suppress the noise whose performance is superior to the conventional filtering schemes. The method not only suggests an estimate of the denoised signal but also informs the consistent (with the measurements) uncertainty of the estimate at a level smaller than the standard deviation of the quasi-coherent noise. Performance of the method is confirmed with synthetic data containing the quasi-coherent noises, and it is applied to the measured data obtained by the KSTAR bolometers.
Microstructure and Properties of U75V 60 kg/m Heavy Rail at Different Cooling Rates of Heat Treatment
Authors: Kang Hao , Feng Gangzhen , Liu Ning 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Considering the U75V 60 kg/m heavy rail as the research object, compressed air was selected as the cooling medium, and the temperature fields of the rail surface before and after heat treatment were recorded by using a thermal imager. Pearlite in the hardened layer was examined for its morphology by using a scanning electron microscope, and Rockwell hardness was tested. Important basic data for the formulation and optimization of the heat treatment process of the U75V 60 kg/m heavy rail is determined by analyzing the correlation between the cooling rates of the rail head surface, the microstructure, and the properties of the hardened layer.
The effect of Fe content on crystal phase and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminium alloy
Authors: Wang Zhen , Jiang Shiwen , Liu Tianze , Ban Chunyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to eliminate the adverse effects of impurity element Fe in aluminium alloy, the effects of Fe content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminium alloy were studied utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and tensile testing machine. The results show that Fe exists mainly in α-AlFeSi and β-AlFeSi phases. Elemental Fe promotes the generation of fishbone shaped α-AlFeSi phase, while the percentage of needle shaped β-AlFeSi phase gradually decreases. After homogenizing annealing, the Mg2Si phase has been redissolved, and a large amount of Si element exists in the aluminium matrix. With the increase of Fe and Si content, β→α phase transition has been completed, and the fishbone α-AlFeSi phase accumulates at the grain boundary. After the extrusion forming process, the morphology of the α-Al12(MnFe)3Si phase changes from fishbone to granular, and the bulk deposition of α-Al12(MnFe)3Si improves the strength of 6061 aluminium alloy.
Precipitation Behavior of Al3(Sc, Zr) Particles in Al-Mg-Zn Alloy during Two-stage Homogenization
Authors: Zhang Tianyou , Yan Lizhen , Zhang Yongan , Xiong Baiqing , Xiao Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The precipitation of secondary Al3(Sc, Zr) particles in Al-Mg-Zn-Sc-Zr alloy during the two-stage homogenization has been studied by OM, SEM, and TEM. The results indicated that Al3(Sc, Zr) particles grew gradually with the first-stage homogenization temperature ranging from 380°C to 440°C. The first-stage homogenization temperature greatly affected the particle size of Al3(Sc, Zr). The lower the first-stage homogenization temperature was, the smaller the particle size of Al3(Sc, Zr) was. After the same second-stage homogenization treatment, the particles were coarsened, and the size was 15.2 nm, 15.9 nm, and 19.7 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, the Al3(Sc, Zr) particles exhibited a legume-like morphology and maintained a coherent relationship with the Al matrix after different homogenization treatments.
Microstructure and Properties of Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy by Using Different Types of Cladding ECAP
Authors: Jiang Shiwen , Wang Zhen , Liu Tianze , Ban Chunyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A self-made 120° die was used for ECAP, and the effect of using different types of metal cladding and different temperatures for ECAP on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5Zn-0.6Ca alloy was analyzed. Microstructure observation and tensile testing were also carried out. The results show that, after ECAP, the grain size of the magnesium alloy was greatly refined, and the mechanical properties were significantly improved. Regarding the degree of grain refinement and the improvement of mechanical properties, 6061 aluminum alloy cladding is better than the pure copper cladding.
Preparation and Characterization of Zn-doped CuAlO2 Thin Films
Authors: Liu Yantao , Wang Ying , Ma Jianping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the CuAl1-xZnxO2 (x=0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1) targets have been obtained by the solid phase reaction method using analytically pure Cu2O, Al2O3, and ZnO powders as experimental raw materials, and CuAl1-xZnxO2 thin films have been prepared on quartz glass substrates by magnetron sputtering. The characteristics of CuAl1-xZnxO2 thin films have been studied systematically. The results showed that Zn doping makes the (101) and (104) diffraction peaks of CuAlO2 shift. EDS results confirmed that Zn atoms replaced Al atoms. The average transmittance could reach 57.7% at 3%, and the band gap increased as the Zn doping concentration increased and could reach 3.83 eV at 10%.
The Tribological Mechanism of Chromium at Extreme Stress-temperature Conditions Simulating the Interior Ballistic Environment in Artillery Barrels
Authors: Hu Chenchen , Xu Xu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The tribological mechanism of bulk chromium materials has been investigated at high-temperature and high-stress conditions simulating the interior ballistic environment in gun barrels. The results show a higher level of weight change after testing at 1, 000 °C as compared to that at 600 °C. The topographical difference is more evident in the friction surface after testing at 1, 000 °C than that at 600 °C. The detailed analysis of surface morphology and chemistry indicates a tribological mechanism combining oxidative wear, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear at a testing temperature of 600 °C, whilst the tribological mechanism is combined with adhesive wear and oxidative wear at a testing temperature of 1, 000 °C.
Experimental Study on Reducing Water Absorption of Foamed Light Soil by Microbial Technology
Authors: Wu Qifeng , Wang Zhengtong , Ma Rong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is a problem with water absorption and increased density when foamed light soil is applied below the underground water level. It is necessary to study how to reduce the water absorption of foamed light soil. The microbial-induced calcite precipitation technology was used to treat the foamed light soil to reduce water absorption. The spraying and soaking methods were used for treatment, and a control group without any treatment was set up. The water absorption test was used to verify the treatment effect. The experimental results show that the water absorption of foamed light soil increases with the density and water ratio increase. It effectively reduces the water absorption of foamed light soil by microbial-induced calcite precipitation technology. The soaking method has a better effect, but the spraying method is more operable in practical engineering.
Carburizing Rate of Pyrolysis Furnace Tube in Long-term Service
Authors: Du Chenyang , Liu Chang , Li Xiaowei , Song Ce , Lu Jianyu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The high-temperature working environment of ethylene pyrolysis furnace tubes makes carburization one of the main damage mechanisms, and carburization also leads to the degradation of tube material properties and failure. It is important to study the carburization rate of long-term service furnace tubes for the evaluation of long-cycle use and carburization detection. In this paper, the relationship between carburization rate and carburization time is studied by low-pressure vacuum carburization of Cr35Ni45Nb alloy tubes with different service life (new tubes, two years, three years, and six years) in the field, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the remaining life prediction and carburization inspection for the tube material.
Mechanical Properties and Forming Quality of PLA Based on Computer 3D Printing Parameters
Authors: Meng Fanrong , Cui Haijun , Wang Meng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
At present, human beings have successfully manufactured many products by using the 3D printing (hereinafter referred to as 3DP) technology, which has been widely used in many disciplines, including aerospace, national defense, biomedicine, medicine, and other fields. Therefore, 3DP has gradually attracted the attention of countries all over the world. FDM is one of the most widely used 3DP technologies, which has the characteristics of simple operation, small forming equipment, and easy placement. Printing technologies and printing materials are two main factors affecting the quality of 3DP products. At present, there are three kinds of plastics for the 3DP technology, namely ABS, PLA, and PA. Among them, PLA has the advantages of degradability and no pungent smell, which has been widely used in 3DP. Therefore, this paper analyzes the influence of 3DP product parameters on mechanical properties based on PLA materials. At the same time, there are still many problems with surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of FDM processing, which is also the main problem hindering 3DP. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanical properties and forming quality of PLA based on 3DP parameters.
Grain refinement and mechanical property of Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ti-Sc alloy in the state of deformation treatment condition
Authors: Gao Ying , Zhao Yuhang , Yang Ning , Gao Guimei , Li Shichun , Liu Darui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ti-Sc compound metal with distinct content of Sc increment was prepared by using metallurgical engineering processing. The formation of Sc in Al-4.5%Cu-1.3%Mg-0.6%Si-0.2%Ti-xSc compound metal and its microstructural observation was studied with SEM. The mechanical performances of the compound metal were measured by tensile and fatigue tests in the state of machining distortion conditions. The result reveals that the increment of 0.2% rare earth Sc can fine Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Ti-Sc compound metal grain crystals, which enhances ordinary temperature tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. The low cycle fatigue of Al-5.2Mg-0.8Si-0.25Cr-0.1Zr-0.2Sc compound metal reveals a cyclic steady state, which mainly relies on the amplitude of the density of movable dislocations and gross applied strain during cyclic distortion. Meanwhile, under external action, the dislocation slip is more in-homogeneous, and materials are more prone to trans-granular crack in which grain crystals can coordinate distortion.
Study on the effect of Cu addition on fatigue crack growth behavior of high-strength Al-1.2Mg-1.2Si alloy
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yan Hongwei , Li Zhihui , Yan Lizhen , Gao Guanjun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This work investigated effect of Cu addition on fatigue crack growth rate and fatigue fracture morphology of Al-1.2Mg-1.2Si alloy by fatigue test machine and Scanning Electron Microscope. It revealed that effect of Cu on the fatigue crack growth rate of these alloys was related to Cu content. When the Cu content was 0.18, there did no significant influence on fatigue crack growth ability. But when Cu addition was raised to 0.37, the fatigue cracks growth resistance was significantly reduced. However, Cu addition did not significantly affect the fatigue fracture mode of the alloys. The ductile fracture was main fracture mode on this alloy.
Evaporation of nanofluid with induced bubbles under sun illumination
Authors: Yuan Bo , Zhu Qunzhi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recently, various nanofluids have been explored to facilitate vapor production, showing the great efficacy of such fluids in solar evaporation. Plasmonic nanofluid generally requires high concentrations or mixing of individual nanofluids to achieve efficient evaporation. In contrast, carbon-based nanofluid, by its very nature, can achieve broad-spectrum absorption and require only very low concentrations. In this work, we introduce air bubbles within the carbon-based nanofluid to facilitate vapor evaporation. The dynamic bubbles effectively extend the incident light path and provide a large gas-liquid interface for moisture trapping, and the kinetic energy of the vapor generated during bubble bursting improves vapor diffusion. The coupling effect between the carbon-based nanofluid and the bubble resulted in a vapor production rate of 0.831 kg/(m2·h), with evaporation efficiencies three times that of pure water at a stable irradiance of approximately 750 W/m2, showing that both the nanofluid and bubbles play their positive roles in promoting evaporation. This work combines bubbling with evaporation systems, providing new insights into the use of solar evaporation
Preforming based on CF/PEKK prepreg continuous pultrusion process
Authors: Liu Yu , Qi Junwei , Shi Jiaqi , Cheng Zhitong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Prepreg material is continuously bent and transformed on a Preformed mold, ultimately transitioning from a flat shape to a hat-shaped long beam cross-sectional shape as it enters the hot pressing mold. This process involves various factors such as the inherent properties of the prepreg material, the control of process parameters such as pressure and temperature, and geometric characteristics, all of which can affect the outcome. Inappropriate parameters may lead to defects such as wrinkling in the prepreg layers during the preforming process, which cannot be eliminated in subsequent hot pressing processes. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the inducing factors that cause defects (wrinkles) in the prepreg layers during the preforming stage and to explore the optimal preforming method, enabling the prepreg layers to enter the hot pressing mold in an ideal hat-shaped form. This is of paramount importance for improving the quality of precast concrete, enhancing product stability, and increasing production efficiency.
CF/PEKK advanced pultrusion thermoforming process temperature field simulation
Authors: Jin Jianghai , Wang Yuequan , Shi Jiaqi , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Advanced pultrusion molding technology is one of the composite molding processes. It has unique advantages in the automated manufacturing of long trusses and long beam components. Thermoplastic composites are becoming popular for research in many fields such as aerospace because of their room-temperature storage and secondary use. Since the temperature history is critical to the molding quality of thermoplastic composites, the temperature field variation of CF/PEKK composites in the advanced pultrusion thermoforming process has been explored in the context of studying the advanced pultrusion molding process of thermoplastic composites in this paper. By constructing a 3D model of the temperature field and setting up a complete solution scheme in ANSYS simulation software, the simulated temperature field data were obtained, and a real-time temperature monitoring platform was set up to obtain the measured temperature data, and the comparison showed that the two temperature profiles fit well, which proved the applicability of the model and solution scheme to this study.
Influence of different magnetic configurations on plasma parameters in SPIDER device
Authors: Zagórski R. , Candeloro V. , Sartori E. , Serianni G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The ITER fusion reactor will be heated by fast neutral beams generated by accelerating and
neutralizing negative ions, produced in a RF inductively-coupled plasma which expands through a
region featuring a magnetic filter. During the current shut down of the SPIDER device (until 2023)
some modifications of the device have been planned to improve the system performance. These
modifications are based on the experience gained during operation of SPIDER in previous years and
include, among others, the addition of further sets of permanent magnets in the expansion chamber
of the plasma source and around the RF drivers. The purpose of these modifications is to improve
plasma confinement, and thus increase its density and homogeneity. The present paper reports the
results of numerical studies of the plasma parameters in SPIDER source with different types of
modifications of SPIDER device including new permanent magnets configurations. Analysis are done
by means of the numerical code FSFS2D in which a self-consistent two-dimensional fluid description
of the source is implemented. In order to partially account for the 3D flow pattern within our 2D
model, simulations are run in two different layouts, in the vertical plane with the magnetic
filter being perpendicular to the integration domain and in the horizontal plane with the filter
field in the integration surface. Simulation results indicate, that the permanent magnets around
the RF driver tends to increase the plasma density in the driver.