bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NETWORK SIZE, SOCIAL ACCOMPANIMENT, AND GENDER: PROTECTIVE OR RISK FACTOR FOR REAL-TIME LONELINESS, AND FOR WHOM?
Authors: Compernolle Ellen , Goldman Alyssa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Large personal networks are a key marker of social integration that protect against loneliness. Yet how such social integration shapes loneliness on a momentary basis remains unclear. This study examines (1) the role of personal network size in shaping older adults’ momentary loneliness, (2) how momentary social accompaniment modifies this association (protective or risk factor), and (3) whether this moderation varies by gender. We use three waves of ecological momentary assessments (n = 12,251) and personal network data collected from 333 older adults as part of the Chicago Health and Activity in Real-Time (CHART). Findings from multilevel regression models suggest that older adults with large social networks experience greater intensity loneliness when momentarily alone compared to those with smaller social networks. This association is also more pronounced among men compared to women. Results support our deviation-from-baseline hypothesis, which is further supported by additional analyses that find a similar association between more frequent interaction with network ties and heightened loneliness when alone. Additional analyses provide insight into observed gender differences as well: women’s networks and momentary social company tend to be familial ties characterized by caregiving, compared to men’s ties, which are characterized as peers or companions. Here, moments of momentary social isolation may be a welcome reprieve from otherwise demanding social relationships (“tethering”). We conclude that extending the well-documented links between global measures of social integration and loneliness into a real-time framework offers novel insight into existing, high-level trends in loneliness among older adults.
CONVOYS OF CARE
Authors: Antonucci Toni , Ajrouch Kristine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many existing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) caregiving interventions focus narrowly on thechallenges and needs of a primary caregiver rather than the family systems in which they areembedded. We advance a family systems framework by invoking convoys of caregiving to adaptan existing AD caregiver intervention to Middle Eastern/Arab American families in metroDetroit (N=56). The composition of caregiving networks is described, followed by assessment ofcare burden, depressive symptoms, care satisfaction and family conflict. Results show thatsiblings and children are the predominate support network members who accompanied theprimary caregiver to the program. Paired t-tests show that care burden and family conflictdecreased while caregiving satisfaction increased following program participation. Depressivesymptoms did not change. Findings illuminate how convoys of care may serve as valuablesupport resources, yet may also be the source of stress and conflict.
MAPPING THE INTERPLAY OF SOCIAL HEALTH AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING: A MIXED RESEARCH KNOWLEDGE SYNTHESIS
Authors: Wiegelmann Henrik , Seifert Imke , Lenart-Bugla Marta , Łuc Mateusz , Gerhardus Ansgar , Szcześniak Dorota , Rymaszewska Joanna , Wolf-Ostermann Karin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Dementia is a syndrome with complex underlying bio-psycho-social mechanisms relevant for prevention and intervention. This work presents a mixed research knowledge synthesis, mapping the multidimensional interplay of social health and cognitive functioning in dementia.

Methods
Data integration from 1) systematic review, 2) group model building workshops, (3) iterative integration of multi-national cohort studies (4) ongoing revisions of the social health concept via expert discussions.

Results
The map comprises more than 50 markers, clustered in six domains (social health, psychological pathways, physiological pathways, health behavior pathways, brain/cognitive reserve, cognitive functioning). The social health domain is structured in six sub-domains representing a novel conceptual understanding. Three pathways (physiological, psychological, health behavior) reflect principal mechanisms connecting social health with brain/cognitive reserve and cognitive functioning.

Conclusion
The map depicts dynamic relationships between social health and cognitive functioning that can serve as a basis for recommendations, both for prevention and for improved dementia care.
SKILL BUILDING BLOCKS: ASYNCHRONOUS ONLINE LEARNING THROUGH INTERACTIVE THEMATIC INSTRUCTION
Authors: Sterns Harvey , de Klerk-Rubin Vicki 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Whether professional or as a family carer, interactions with an older adult living with or without cognitive decline should be person-centered. Learning behavioral skills requires more than watching a demonstration or cognitive learning; it requires practice, feedback and more practice. Online learning has become the best way to reach carers of older adults, partially due to the COVID pandemic and partially due to time, money and energy resources being stretched to their limits. The Validation Training Institute has developed 6 self-directed, online Skill Building Blocks that uses thematic instruction strategy, interactive exercises, and videos demonstrating why each skill is important and how to best utilize the skill in real life situations. Learners have completed pre and post-questionnaires using the Likert scale and the IMMS (Instructional Material Motivation Survey) which measures attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. An online focus group of participants concluded the data collection process. Techniques taught through Skill Building Blocks proved to be relevant to the learners’ life experience. There was effective retention and transfer of skills, and the training proved to be motivating for continued application in the real world. Learners expressed confidence and satisfaction with the user-friendly, thematic design of each block.
AGE-FRIENDLY CAMPUS PRACTICES IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A HEAT MAP VIEW
Authors: Fassi Janelle , Beaulieu Celeste , Bowen Lauren , Montepare Joann , Whitbourne Susan , Silverstein Nina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Age-Friendly University (AFU) initiative aims to increase the participation of age-diverse older adults in higher education communities. The present study investigated age-friendly practices across 23 institutions in the United States. The ICCS Inventory (Silverstein et al., 2022), which identifies 192 potential age-friendly campus practices was completed by administrators representing major campus units. A heat map was used to graphically represent age-friendly practices and identify where universities differed in the presence of those practices. Heat map findings indicated campuses are low in some auxiliary services that assist retired faculty and staff. However, campuses consistently gave retired faculty and staff access to university library services. Campuses also had limited age-friendly teaching and learning services. None of the campuses reported having resources to help faculty deliver teaching materials in formats specifically geared toward older learners. In addition, none of the campuses reported having teaching and learning staff visiting campus departments to provide resources for older learners, and very few campuses offered courses that focused on aging and age diversity issues. Common age-friendly practices were seen with respect to providing instructional technology support for faculty/staff/students and community partnerships for intergenerational activities. Physical environment and personnel evidenced the most frequent age-friendly practices likely because they are mandated by the ADA (e.g., clear signage, handicapped parking close to buildings, spaces free of obstacles, training in ageism as a form of discrimination). Overall, the present study highlighted the areas where college campuses are most age inclusive, while also revealing areas for improvement in age inclusive practices.
TUTORIAL-STYLE EDUCATION FOR UNDERGRADUATES IN AGING
Authors: Deason Karley , Sadeq Nasreen , Stanback Brianne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
At almost every university, there is an option for undergraduates to enroll in directed readings or research, independent studies, or some other form of tutorial-style education, although not much is known about them or best practices associated with them for undergraduate students interested in aging. This project reviews available literature about tutorial-style education and describes the multidimensions involved in these learning experiences. Search phrases such as “history of Oxford tutorials”, “tutorial classes”, and “student traits in tutorials” were used in Google Scholar to find literature, returning 142 articles. Articles were included if the literature was published in a periodical, findings were not redundant, and measures connected to the objectives of this project, and, by these criteria, ten articles comprised the final sample for review. Student characteristics, instructors, and other factors, like the time intensity of the tutorial course and the student’s connection to the subject area, have been found to impact tutorial-style education. The review is the first of its kind to use its findings to propose a set of best practices to enhance the experience for students interested in aging, including the fit of student and instructor, skillsets of successful students, and modalities, and advance a research agenda to better understand and communicate practices in tutorial-style education for undergraduates in aging.
BDNF VAL66MET MODERATES THE EFFECTS OF HYPERTENSION ON EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING IN OLDER ADULTS DIAGNOSED WITH AMCI
Authors: Louras Peter , Brown Lisa , Gomez Rowena , Warren Stacie , Fairchild Kaci 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a demonstrated role in promoting memory functions and neuronal survival. A common variant in the BDNF gene, the Val66Met polymorphism, has been found to reduce BDNF expression and increase vulnerability to neurocognitive impairments and age-related cognitive declines. Research suggests that BDNF Val66Met may be associated with hypertension, a well-established risk factor for health and brain functioning across the lifespan. While BDNF is most studied for its effect on learning and memory, its role in moderating other cognitive domains is not as well understood, especially those most affected by hypertension. Furthermore, no study to date has investigated these relationships exclusively with older adults and those at increased risk for cognitive decline. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of BDNF Val66Met and hypertension on the executive function ability of older adults (mean age 71.3±9.2 years) diagnosed with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) (N = 108). Results showed that BDNF Val66Met moderated the relationship between hypertension and executive functioning, such that hypertensive carriers of the BDNF Met allele performed significantly worse compared to Val-Val homozygotes, and independent to the effects of aging. These results indicate that genetic and vascular risk interactions can predispose older adults with aMCI to impairments in multiple cognitive domains, and potentially increase susceptibility to further declines or conversion to dementia. These findings have implications for future research on dementia disease pathology, and highlight the importance of strategies that target fixed and modifiable risk factors to promote cognitive resilience.
IMPACT OF COMBINATIONS OF THE APOE Ɛ4 ALLELE AND TOMM40-APOC1 VARIANTS ON SURVIVAL TO OLDER AGES AND ALZHEIMER’S RISK
Authors: Kulminski Alexander , Jain-Washburn Ethan , Philipp Ian , Arbeev Konstantin , Stallard Eric , Feitosa Mary , Schupf Nicole , Christensen Kaare 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Multifactorial diseases, health-related traits, and lifespan are polygenic phenotypes with complex genetic architectures. Polygenicity implies that multiple variants can impact the risks of these phenotypes independently or jointly. Recently, we showed that carriers of minor alleles of rs429358 (APOE ɛ4 encoding polymorphism), rs2075650 (TOMM40), and rs12721046 (APOC1) polymorphisms have up to 4.4 times higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) than APOE ɛ4 carriers without the minor alleles of rs2075650 and rs12721046. Here, we examined the chances of living to older ages—85 years and above—for carriers of compound genotypes combining these three polymorphisms using data from the Long Life Family Study, Framingham Heart Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, and UK Biobank. Consistent with their higher AD risk, carriers of the APOE ɛ4 allele with one or two minor alleles of rs2075650 and rs12721046 had 24.3% lower log odds of living to 85+ years (β=-0.243, p=2.22×10-2) than APOE ɛ4 carriers without either minor allele. Counterintuitively, AD did not mediate this risk. With AD-affected subjects excluded from the analysis, the effect size for the log odds of living to 85+ years (β=-0.352, p=2.35×10-3) was 1.45 times larger for APOE ɛ4 carriers with one or two minor alleles of rs2075650 and rs12721046. The chances of survival could be associated with lipid- and immunity-related mechanisms, whereas the risk of AD may be associated with amyloid-β-related mechanisms, among others. Targeting heterogeneous polygenic profiles of individuals at higher risks of multifactorial phenotypes may be a promising strategy for translating genetic discoveries to health care.
LATE-LIFE MORTALITY GWAS IN FLIES IDENTIFIES DIABETES AND OBESITY REGULATED TO REGULATE MORTALITY AND RESILIENCE
Authors: Hilsabeck Tyler , Bar Sudipta , Wilson Kenneth , Beck Jennifer , Nelson Christopher , Brem Rachel , Kapahi Pankaj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Variations in rate of aging in geneticaly heterogenious populations supports the hypothesis that aging is at least partially genetically regulated. However, genetically identical individuals also vary in their time of death. We have observed in D. melanogaster that this variation is genotype-dependent, as specific genotypes have characteristic survival curve shapes that are largely reproducible. Typical aging studies reduce a strain’s lifespan down to a population-level value, i.e. mean lifespan. While these metrics can represent the trends in a population, they are unable to encapsulate the variation in the aging of individuals from the same distinct population. Instead, we used two values that characterize the logistic fit of a strain’s mortality late in life: the risk of initial mortality (α) and the rate of aging (β). To identify regulators of the rate of aging, we performed a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of β for 160 different fly strains from the DGRP collection on two different diets late in life. This approach identified the candidate gene Diabetes and Obesity-Regulated (DOR), which has known roles in stress response, autophagy, and senescence, as having a role in the late-life mortality. DOR inhibition leads to a significant increase in late-life mortality that is preceded by a reduction in healthspan-related traits. Further, germline-specific inhibition is sufficient to increase senescence-related factors and shorten lifespan. We conclude that a decrease in DOR, a conserved gene, compromises an organism’s resilience through increased inflammation, senescence, and increased mortality, providing a potential target for bolstering the decline seen in human aging.
EVALUATING T-CELL AGE-RELATED IMMUNE PHENOTYPES IN THE CONTEXT OF BIOLOGICAL AGING IN HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Ramasubramanian Ramya , Meier Helen , Vivek Sithara , Klopack Eric , Crimmins Eileen , Faul Jessica , Nikolich-Žugich Janko , Thyagarajan Bharat 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cellular changes in the adaptive immune system accompanies the aging process and contributes to an age-related immune phenotype (ARIP) characterized by decrease in naïve T (TN) cells and increase in memory T (TM) cells. However, a population level marker of ARIP associated with biological aging and age-related chronic conditions has not been evaluated previously. We developed two ARIP measures based on well understood age related changes in T cell distribution: TN/ (TCM (Central Memory) + TEM (Effector Memory) + TEFF (Effector)) or TN/ TM in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We compared them with more commonly used ARIP measures such as CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8+ TN cells by evaluating associations with chronological age and phenotypic age using linear regression and association with multimorbidity using multinomial logistic regression. CD8+ TN and TN/TM had the strongest inverse association with chronological age (beta estimates: -3.41, -3.61; p-value&lt; 0.0001). CD4+ TN/TM had the strongest inverse association with phenotypic age (beta estimate = -0.74; p-value &lt; 0.0001) after adjustment for age, sex, race and CMV serostatus. CD4+ TN/TM was inversely associated with co-occurring chronic conditions (odds ratio for 2 conditions and 3 conditions vs. 0 conditions: 0.74 (95%CI: 0.63-0.86) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63-0.90), respectively) after adjustment for age, sex, race, CMV serostatus, smoking, and BMI. CD4+ TN/TM had a stronger association with phenotypic age and age-related morbidity compared to other ARIP measures. Future longitudinal studies can help us evaluate if CD4+ TN/TM can predict risk of aging related outcomes.
EXPLORING RACIAL DISPARITIES IN AD/ADRD RISK: EVERYDAY DISCRIMINATION AS A SOCIAL STRESSOR
Authors: Gary Katharine , Hoque Masudul , Akushevich Igor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using evidence from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we explore racial disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (AD/ADRD) risk. From a stress process perspective, there is substantial evidence in the literature that everyday discrimination is a chronic strain for Black individuals that acts as a social determinant of illness. However, few studies have examined specific relationships between this social stressor, race and AD/ADRD risk. Using generalized linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models, we explored racial differences in exposure and vulnerability to everyday discrimination. Results suggest that Black individuals experience more frequent exposure to everyday discrimination than their counterparts, and this chronic strain predicts AD/ADRD risk. However, contrary to the stress process model, White respondents were more vulnerable to the effect of everyday discrimination on AD/ADRD risk. Racial bias from medical professionals during the diagnostic process as well as mortality selection bias may explain these unexpected findings, especially given that racial minorities who experience high rates of everyday discrimination may not live long enough to reach the average age of diagnosis. These results provide further evidence that discrimination is a key factor in explaining racial disparities in late-life disorders, while also taking into consideration that many racial minorities with high rates of this type of stress may not survive to late-life.
LOS ANGELES COUNTY BOLD INITIATIVE: LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING ON DEMENTIA
Authors: Kuo Tony , Barragan Noel , Reyes Mariana , Zafar Mateeha , Paz Cinthie Lopez , Thomas Ariane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Building Our Largest Dementia Public Health Program through U.S. Congressional appropriations for the BOLD Infrastructure for Alzheimer’s Act, the Los Angeles County BOLD initiative (LA BOLD) was established in 2021 with the goal of addressing the silent but burgeoning epidemic of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in Los Angeles County (LAC). In 2019, approximately 166,857 LAC residents were living with Alzheimer’s disease; this number is expected to increase 150% by 2040. The initiative brings together a diverse group of multi-sector stakeholders, including two Area Agencies on Aging, two major academic centers, the largest Medicaid health plan in the region, the county’s safety net health agency (Public Health, Health Services, Mental Health), and other key community partners. The primary objectives of LA BOLD are: (i) establish a countywide coalition to address ADRD locally, and (ii) develop a strategic plan to guide the coalition’s efforts. The present study describes the first year of this initiative, highlighting the formation of the coalition’s steering group, identifying the three focus areas for strategic planning – risk reduction, early detection, advance care planning – and sharing lessons learned from navigating the contextual realities of ADRD care and prevention in LAC’s diverse communities. Data and program accomplishments for this early phase of LA BOLD are discussed within the context of medical advancement, the financial realities of ADRD programming and services, and the geo-political factors that are being considered as part of the strategic planning and implementation processes.
CARE TO PLAN: TAILORING RESOURCES FOR DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS ACROSS A HEALTH SYSTEM
Authors: Millenbah Ashley , Louwagie Katie , Baker Zachary , Jensen Christine , Gaugler Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Each day, millions of persons with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias (ADRD) rely on family members for necessary care and support. While there are many well-documented interventions to support ADRD caregivers, they lack individualization for specific caregiver needs and contexts. Care to Plan (CtP) was designed to address this gap in tailoring recommendations to support caregivers. After a Phase I pilot, CtP was refined and implemented within a moderately sized health system in the eastern US. A mixed-methods randomized controlled trial aimed to provide insights into the efficacy, acceptability, and utility of CtP. Twenty-two caregivers were randomly assigned to the treatment group (to review the CtP tool with a senior care navigator) and 21 were assigned to receive usual care. After completion of usual care procedures, 7 participants joined a waitlist control group, following treatment procedures. Three- and six-month outcomes included caregiver self-efficacy and distress, caregiver use of recommended support, and service utilization by the person with memory loss. Most caregivers were white (81%), female (74%), and cared for a parent (56%) or spouse (35%). The majority of caregivers agreed that the tool was helpful (70%) and would recommend it to other caregivers (83%). While 48% of caregivers felt that resources provided by the tool were not new to them, the checklist scores and interviews indicate that the senior care navigators were valuable in discussing the recommendations. Phase II findings will guide future evaluation and dissemination, and inform future models of CtP for health system usage.