bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe dyslipidemia title: known by patients, but is it treated?
Authors: Marchal Martinez J , Martin Alcolea M , Garcia Ruano A , Torres Llergo J , Fernandez Anguita M , Fernandez Olmo R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
Patients with severe dyslipidemia (&gt; 190 mg / dl) are considered in the clinical practice guidelines of high cardiovascular risk, therefore, diagnosis and treatment is essential, as well as the rest of the CV risk factors. But real-life records give us data of lack of control, justified by lack of adherence to treatment, underdiagnosis and therapeutic inertia among other factors. The aim of our work was to analyze patients knowledge about their dyslipidemia, treatment and the impact on their cardiovascular health.

Materials and methods
Patients with severe dyslipidemia (&gt;190 mg/dl) from the familial hypercholesterolemia screening program were analyzed consecutively from February 1 – September 30, 2022. It was performed from Clinical Analysis, with an alarm system to detect severe dyslipidemia in people over 18 years of age in coordination with the Cardiovascular Prevention Unit of Cardiology and Genetics. All patients underwent a health questionnaire.

Results
n = 353. Mean age 52.2 years. 51.6% women (Table 1 baseline characteristics). 86.5% knew that they had dyslipidemia problems, mainly non-DM (85% vs 68%; p0.009), with familiy history (FH) of dyslipidemia (90% vs 81%;p 0.027) and older people (53.7 vs 47.1 years; p.001) But only 14.4% took treatment, patients with DM (31% vs. 13%; p0016), with FH of LDLhigh children (31% vs 12%; p 0.02), with personal history of CV disease (37% vs 13%; p 0.007) and BMI &gt; 30 (20% vs 11%; p 0.017). 53.4% had taken treatment at some time, patients with hypertension (67% vs 49%;p 0.01), with family history of dyslipidemia (59% vs 44%; p 0.005), personal history of CV disease (87% vs 51%; p 0.005) and those over 40 years (55% vs 36%; p 0.016) 91.4% recognized the impact of dyslipidemia on the prognosis CV, mainly those with family history of dyslipidemia (94% vs 86%; p.017) and those under 40 years (100% vs 90.7%; p0.04).

Conclusions
A high percentage of patients recognize their dyslipidemia problem and the possible impact on their health, but less than 15% take lipid-lowering treatment.
Impact of COVID-19 situation on non COVID cardiological admissions
Authors: Del Castillo-Carnevali H , Alvarez J , Joan T O R R E S , Magnani S , Cremer D , Ruiz V , Alamar M , Moranta M E , Folgado P , Ripoll T , Gamez J M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
The COVID-19 outbreak led to a redistribution of resources in order to provide care to coronavirus patients, taking those resources from other areas such as cardiology, specially from ambulatory patients.
Moreover, the fear to the contagious disease, made people to avoid seeking hospital aid. This two factors may have had impact on hospital parameters such as length of stay, readmissions or mortality, with short and mid term effect.
Scope: To demonstrate that the factors exposed in the introduction had led to more complex admissions, higher mortality rates, more readmissions and longer stays.

Methods
we performed a descriptive study comparing hospital parameters from a secondary hospital in Spain using to different periods: a pre-COVID period (01/2019 to 02/2020) and a COVID period (03/2020-01/2022). Only non-COVID cardiological patients where analyzed. Data where extracted form the hospital database and benchmarking tool "Iasist".

Results
Despite the fact that %readmissions, length of stay (specially form patients awaiting surgery) and complications increased after the outbreak, there was not an increase in mortality . As additional finding, we observed a decrease in admissions complexity according to coding weight parameters.

Conclusions
Non COVID cardiological admissions have varied since the outbreak, some of those variations where expected such as increase in complications or readmissions, but there was no deleterious impact on mortality.
Follow-up results of a cohort of patients undergoing electrical cardioversion. Recurrence and associated factors in the medium to long term
Authors: Aguila Gordo D , Jimenez Diaz J , Piqueras Flores J , Negreira Caamano M , Martinez Del Rio J , Mateo Gomez C , Concepcion Suarez R , Freites Esteves A , Moron Alguacil A , Andres Sierra M , Jimenez Rubio B , Soto Perez M , Cubides Novoa A F , Blanco Lopez E , Soto Martin P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
Electrical cardioversion (ECV) is an effective therapeutic alternative for atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL); however, in the medium-long term, the recurrence rate is significant and the evidence is limited.

Methods
Retrospective, observational, single-center, retrospective registry of 154 consecutive cases of patients undergoing electrical cardioversion for AF or AF flutter of more than 48 hours of evolution. Recurrence, emergency visits, readmissions and new ECV were recorded during a mean follow-up of 34±11 months.

Results
The median time from diagnosis to ECV was 60 days. The success rate of ECV was 91.7%. The immediate recurrence rate (&lt; 2 hours) was 3.9%. The incidence of recurrence during follow-up is shown in Table 1. Of the total number of recurrences, 12.7% were detected on Holter-ECG. During follow-up, 5.8% of the patients died, none due to cardiovascular causes, 33.1% of the patients were readmitted, 25.3% due to cardiovascular causes and 15.6% as a consequence of AF/AFL. A total of 17.5% of patients attended the emergency department for episodes of AF/AFL with rapid ventricular response. Up to 18.8% of patients underwent repeat ECV and 16.2% underwent pulmonary vein ablation; in contrast, 35.3% of patients opted for a rate control strategy. Previous ECV and atrial dilatation were associated with a higher (76.9% vs 52.6% p=0.02; 64.9% vs 24% p&lt;0.001) and earlier recurrence of AF/AFL (18.2 months vs 29.9 months p=0.008; 24.1 months vs 41.1 months p=0.001). Treatment at discharge with antiarrhythmic drugs was not associated with less recurrence at 6, 12 months and final follow-up (Figure 1).

Conclusion
ECV is an effective therapy against AF and AFL, however, the recurrence rate in the medium-long term is high. Previous ECV and atrial dilatation are associated with a higher and earlier recurrence. Antiarrhythmic treatment had a neutral impact on the maintenance of sinus rhythm in the medium to long term.
Yoga as secondary prevention and cardiac rehabilitation in myocardial infarction
Authors: Prasad A , Dwivedi S , Sharma V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Introduction
The prevalence of coronary artery disease is racing at a fast pace. The risk factors of myocardial infarction are old age, male sex, previous MI , diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, unhealthy diet , smoking , physical inactivity and psychosocial stress. Interventional and pharmacological approaches are accessible these days for reduction of mortality and morbidity in myocardial infarction.
Yoga as a compliment is inexpensive and devoid of side effects which has been shown to reduce body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar & improve physical and mental well being due to relative parasympathetic excess.
Many studies performed earlier had small sample size and duration. Therefore, yoga is affordable and can be recommended along with conventional treatment to prevent and improve the outcome in MI cases.

Purpose
1. To study the effect of yoga on risk factors following myocardial infarction.
2. To study the effect of yoga on Beck's Depression Inventory score.

Methods
Our study that comprised of 300 patients were randomized into test group (n=150) who were subjected to conventional treatment and yoga and control group (n=150) subjected to conventional treatment only.
The study included patients diagnosed as myocardial infarction above 18 years with their consent to participate. Patients with hemodynamic instability, heart failure, pregnancy, prior yoga practice, arrhythmia ,cardiac pacemaker, autonomic neuropathy and musculoskeletal disease were excluded.
Initially, assessment of clinical & biochemical parameters and routine investigations were performed. Beck's depression score was calculated. Yoga was started on 4th day after MI (test group) and there were sessions of 10 minutes of pranayam , 15 minutes of shavasan and 15 minutes of transcendental meditation. The patients were followed after 24 weeks for assessment of clinical & biochemical parameters. Carotid doppler & depression score was evaluated.
The primary outcome included change in risk factors from baseline to the end of study period and secondary outcome was change in Beck's Depression score.

Results
After 24 weeks of intervention, a significant improvement was noted among yoga group in comparison to control group for BMI (p=0.04), heart rate (p=0.01), systolic & diastolic blood pressure (p&lt;0.05), fasting & post prandial blood sugar (p&lt;0.05), HbA1c (p=0.03), Beck's depression score (p=0.001) and lipid profile (p&lt;0.05).In contrast, no improvement was seen for carotid intima media thickness.

Conclusion
On the basis of the study, it was concluded that conventional therapy with yoga has a positive impact on risk factors of MI and psychosocial stress. Therefore, yoga can be recommended to reduce morbidity and mortality after MI. Large trials with more number of cases and long term follow up are needed so that yoga as an intervention, can be added for secondary prevention and rehabilitation in myocardial infarction cases.
The associations between tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites, and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Sanchez Gimenez R , Carrasquer A , Peiro O , Bonet G , Papandreu C , Bardaji A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Cardiovascular disease and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are one of the main causes of morbi-mortality caring a high health cost due to its consequences. Prognostic stratification in patients admitted with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is necessary to providing efficient follow-up and guiding intensive treatment to those at high risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Is crucial to identifying new molecular pathways to predict those patients with worst prognosis and find new molecular targets.

Purpouse
The aim of the study is to investigate the relation between TCA cycle disturbance and cardiovascular diseases.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, we included 309 patients with ACS. During a mean follow-up of 6.7 years, 131 patients developed major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (myocardial infarction, hospitalization for heart failure, and all-cause mortality). Plasma concentrations of TCA cycle metabolites were profiled by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Hazard ratios were estimated with multivariable Cox regression models.

Results
After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and medications, participants in the highest tertile vs. the lowest tertile of baseline Isocitrate concentrations had a higher risk of MACE [(HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.5) However, these associations were no longer significant, after additional adjustment for eGFR. eGFR mediated the associations of Isocitrate (75 %) No significant associations were found for other TCA metabolites.

Conclusions
High plasma TCA metabolites concentrations are related to the risk of developing MACE during the follow-up and this relationship is substantially mediated by renal function. Understanding the potential interplay of TCA metabolite’s renal function, and incident MACE, may contribute to novel prevention and treatment efforts in ACS.
Echocardiographic findings in COVID: incidence of carditis and correlations with COVID variants
Authors: Fazio G , Manfre V 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also referred to as COVID-19, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The manifestations of COVID-19 are widely variable and range from asymptomatic infection to multi-organ failure and death. Like other viral illnesses, acute myocarditis and/or pericarditis has been reported to be associated with COVID-19 infection. The guidelines for the diagnosis of COVID-19 introduced the echocardiogram for diagnosis of carditis in these patients.

Pourpose
In our study we investigated the incidences of myocarditis and/or pericarditis in a consecutive series of 1540 Athletes undergo to agonistic certification.

Methods
From march 2020 to October 2022 we enrolled 1540 consecutive patients that was affected by COVID. Every patients was admitted to ambulatory of sport medicine of 2 Italian centers to perform a return to play agonistic certificate. All patients perfomed an echocardiogram during the evaluation. We subdivided the incidence of carditis depend on the period and the variant of the covid (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon). Overall, 69% males and 31%. females were enrolled with a mean age of 24.3 years (12-67 years). None presented note risk factor of a cardiac disease.

Results
The incidence of Echocardiographic abnormality was 3,2% in all period. By the echocardiogram we recognize 8 dilated cardiomiopathy (0,4%), 8 regional kinetic dysfunction (0,4%), 30 pericardial effusion (1,9%), 4 non-specific alterations (0,2%). Also we evaluated the incidence of the echocardiographic disease during the quarters and in correlation of COVID Variant. The results was showed in figure 1.

Conclusions
Based on our evaluation the incidence of echocardiographic findings in COVID was 3,2%, with a progressive reduction long the time, from alpha to omicron variants.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) versus sucrosomial iron (SI) for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) after cardiac surgery
Authors: Venturini E , Giallauria F 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
A recent study compared a short-term treatment to correct IDA using FMC or SI showing a significant improvement for both treatments on key hematological parameters and in functional capacity(1). Obviously the choice of oral supplementation, is safe and avoid intravenous administration. In addition, a pharmaco-economic analysis was conducted to evaluate the direct and indirect costs of the two treatments used in the referring study.

Methods
The cost analysis was performed on all 106 patients (P) included in the study, taking into account both direct and indirect costs. Direct costs include the cost for the products (FCM and SI) purchase, provided by the internal hospital pharmacy, the cost of the second dietary supplement (CardioSideral®), and direct costs of NaCl injection solution and disposable materials estimate by the internal hospital pharmacy. In this setting the patients who received intravenous iron was already hospitalized, so it is impossible to quantify the healthcare professional 's time and the cost of hospitalization (indirect costs). Transportation and lost productivity costs for P are also not applicable.

Results
Costs provided by internal hospital pharmacy of direct purchasing of the products are 42.6 € per vial of FSM and 42 € per unit of SI. Each patient of FCM group received 2 vials , corresponding to 85.20 €/patient; each patient of SI group received 40 doses, considering that 1 unit contains 160 doses, the costs per patient is 10.50 €. SI supplement costs 26.50 € per patient, but it is not in charge of the National Health Service (NHS). Costs of NaCl injection solution and other disposable materials are 0.987 €/patient (to be considered only for the FCM group). Table 1 summarizes the above costs and shows the potential saving per patient and for the hospital, considering only costs in charge of the NHS.

Conclusions
The pharmaco-economic analysis showed a potential saving of € 49.18 per patient, considering only the direct costs of purchasing the products, and an average annual saving of € 4086.72 € every approximately 55 patients admitted to inpatient cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgery, with IDA. For outpatient patients, should also be considered the indirect costs sustained by the hospital, which would further increase the gap between these two types of iron treatment. In conclusion, SI is undoubtedly more cost-effective than FCM, treating IDA after cardiac surgery.
Functional capacity and risk of major cardiovascular events in a kidney transplant recipients: a medium to long term follow-up cohort study
Authors: Quinto G , Di Bella C , Parise E , Borasio N , Grassi M , Ortolan S , Vecchiato M , Battista F , Neunhaeuserer D , Furian L , Ermolao A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.

Background
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have an increased cardiovascular risk and lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). This is associated with increased all-cause mortality and can drastically reduce quality of life. Therefore, assessment of functional capacity and consequently an individualized physical exercise prescription are important respectively for prognostic and therapeutic purposes.

Purpose
Evaluate whether functional capacity, expressed as maximum oxygen consumption (VO2peak/Kg) and physical activity level are independent determinants of the risk of major cardio-vascular events (MACEs) in a KTRs population in the medium to long term.

Methods
In this retrospectively cohort study, 168 KTRs transplanted between 2014 and 2018 were enrolled. They underwent to a complete medical evaluation, a cardiopulmonary exercise testing and GPAQ questionnaire 3-12 months after transplantation. Laboratory blood samples and drug therapy data were collected. The average follow-up period was 6,13 ± 1,63 years. In July 2022, an anamnestic questionnaire (in order to investigate MACEs) and GPAQ questionnaire were submitted by telephone to all patients. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate predictors of MACEs adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
During the study, MACEs occurs in 15 patients (8.93%). Subjects who underwent MACE had a functional capacity significantly lower than those who had no events. Moreover, patients with MACE also had levels of physical activity significantly reduced compared with the ones without events (Table I). Data shows that VO2peak/Kg is a protective marker for risk of MACEs (Hazard Ratio 0.836; 95%CI= 0.715-0.978; p=0.025), independently of gender, age, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, eGFR, physical activity level and presence of major cardiovascular events before transplantation. Moreover, classifying severity of functional capacity reduction through reference values reported for a matched healthy population, rate of MACEs significantly increases in groups of patients with worse CRF compared to healthy subjects (p=0.027).

Conclusions
In KRTs, better functional capacity after transplantation seems to be an independent modifiable protective factor for MACEs in the medium to long term. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing should thus be recommended for cardiovascular screening, evaluation of CRF and tailored exercise prescription to reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events.
Autoimmune disease and new-onset atrial fibrillation: A UK Biobank study
Authors: Tilly M J , Geurts S , Zhu F , Bos M M , Ikram M A , De Maat M P M , De Groot N M S , Kavousi M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Senior Scientist Grant from the Dutch Heart Foundation.

Background and Aims
The underlying mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (AF) are largely unknown. Inflammation may underlie atrial remodeling. Autoimmune diseases, and their accompanying increased (systemic) inflammation, may therefore be associated with new-onset AF.

Purpose
To assess the association of various autoimmune diseases with new-onset AF in the general population. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the causal relationship between the aforementioned conditions.

Methods
Participants from the population-based UK Biobank were screened for rheumatic fever, gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases, autoimmune diseases targeting the musculoskeletal system and connective tissues, and neurological autoimmune diseases. Between 2006 and 2022, participants were followed for incident AF. Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to quantify the associations. Moreover, using large publicly available summary data of genome-wide association studies, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, inverse variance weighted method, were performed to assess the potential causality between the genetic predisposition to various autoimmune diseases and AF. Further sensitivity analyses in the form of weighted median estimator, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO were performed.

Results
494,072 participants free from AF at baseline were included (median age 58.0 years, 54.8% women). After a median of 12.8 years, 27,194 (5.5%) participants were diagnosed with new-onset AF. Rheumatic fever without heart involvement (HR, 95%CI: 1.47, 1.26-1.72), Crohn’s disease (1.23, 1.05-1.45), ulcerative colitis (1.17, 1.06-1.31), rheumatoid arthritis (1.39, 1.28-1.51), polyarteritis nodosa (1.82, 1.04-3.09), systemic lupus erythematosus (1.82, 1.41-2.35), and systemic sclerosis (2.32, 1.57-3.44) were associated with a larger AF risk. In sex-stratified analyses, rheumatic fever without heart involvement, multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic and enteropathic arthropathies, systemic sclerosis and ankylosing spondylitis were associated with larger AF risk in women, whereas only men showed a larger AF risk associated with ulcerative colitis. Two-sample MR analyses showed no significant associations between any of the included autoimmune diseases and AF.

Conclusions
Various autoimmune diseases are associated with new-onset AF, more distinct in women. Lack of causal associations between autoimmune diseases and AF could suggest that inflammation itself, rather than the autoimmune disease, is the major risk marker for incident AF. Our findings further elaborate on the pathophysiological differences in autoimmunity and AF risk between men and women.