bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realization of Highly Efficient InP Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes through In‐Depth Investigation of Exciton‐Harvesting Layers
Authors: Kim Jaeyoul , Hong Ahyoung , Hahm Donghyo , Lee Hyunkoo , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Taesoo , Kwak Jeonghun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are considered promising candidates for several optoelectronic applications; however, they are plagued by the over‐injection of electrons compared to holes, which limits device efficiency. Studies have attempted to reuse the leaked electrons and transfer recombination energies via inserting an exciton‐harvesting layer (EHL) between the emissive layer (EML) and hole transport layer (HTL). This study conducts a detailed analysis of the energy transfer mechanisms to obtain better insights into improving the device performance. First, by analyzing the electroluminescence (EL) spectra and exciton dynamics, the effect of EHLs comprising phosphorescence (PH) or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) blue dopant is compared. Through parallel incorporation of those EHLs on QLEDs and organic LEDs, the minimal contribution of the PH‐EHL to energy transfer in QLEDs is confirmed, whereas the TADF‐EHL has a significant contribution. Second, highly efficient top‐emission green QLEDs with the TADF‐EHL are achieved. They exhibit a maximum luminance (L) and current efficiency (CE) of 40700 cd m−2 and 68.0 cd A−1, respectively, which are the highest among the reported values for green‐emitting InP QLEDs. The proposed approaches are expected to provide aid in the realization of highly efficient QLEDs from the analysis to the device optimization stage.
Liquid‐State Dithiocarbonate‐Based Polymeric Additives with Monodispersity Rendering Perovskite Solar Cells with Exceptionally High Certified Photocurrent and Fill Factor
Authors: Kim Kyusun , Han Jiye , Lee Sangsu , Kim Soyeon , Choi Jin‐Myung , Nam Jeong‐Seok , Kim Dawoon , Chung In , Kim Tae‐Dong , Manzhos Sergei , Choi Seung Ju , Song Ji Won , Kim Dong Suk , Do Jung Yun , Jeon Il 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDithiocarbonate‐based non‐hygroscopic polymers with a glass transition temperature (Tg) and polydispersity index (PDI) of ≈4 °C and 1, respectively, are synthesized through living cationic ring‐opening polymerization. These liquid‐state polymers are characterized by monodispersity based on the low Tg and PDI, rendering remarkable miscibility with the perovskite precursors without aggregation. Accordingly, these polymers are added to perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enhance their power conversion efficiency (PCE). The PCE of reference PSCs increases from 19.70% to 23.52% after direct addition of the synthesized polymer. This efficiency improvement is attributed to the considerable increases in short‐circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF), resulting from the augmented size and defect passivation of perovskite crystals induced by added polymers. In fact, the PCE and JSC of the devices measured in the laboratory and the certification center are the highest among the reported polymer‐added PSCs, thanks to the great miscibility of the new polymers leading to the large amount addition which enables more thorough passivation among the grain boundaries. The improvement in open‐circuit voltage falls short as compared to that in JSC and FF, ascribed to the relatively moderate interaction strength between perovskite materials and dithiocarbonate groups.
Halogenated Hole‐Transport Molecules with Enhanced Isotropic Coordination Capability Enable Improved Interface and Light Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Shen Lina , Wang Sijing , Zheng Lingfang , Li Da , Li Zhijun , Xing Yifan , Guo Kunpeng , Xie Liqiang , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInterfacial defects are one of the main origins of the hysteresis effect and limit the efficiency and light stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, the authors propose to grant the hole‐transport materials’ (HTMs) improved isotropic coordination and defect passivation through simple halogenation, enabling a robust perovskite/hole‐transport layer interface while avoiding the use of an external passivation layer. First‐principles simulations and experimental results show that the halogenated HTMs offer more isotropic coordination sites for Pb2+ ions than the halogen‐free ones, thus providing the enhanced passivating ability of defects regardless of their molecular orientation at the surface of perovskite films. Consequently, the PSCs based on the chlorinated spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene]‐based HTM show suppressed nonradiative recombination, delivering a remarkable open‐circuit voltage (VOC) enhancement (from 1.07 to 1.14 V) and a minimal hysteresis index of as low as 0.07%. The corresponding cells also show much improved light stability, retaining 81% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous illumination at the maximum power point. This work demonstrates that a solid isotropic coordination capability of HTMs with Pb2+ is critical to forming a robust interface and improving the PSCs’ light stability.
Chronic intranasal corticosteroid treatment induces degeneration of olfactory sensory neurons in normal and allergic rhinitis mice
Authors: Li Pu , Wang Na , Kai Luo , Si Jinyuan , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundNasal eosinophilic inflammation is the therapeutic target for olfactory dysfunction in allergic rhinitis (AR). Intranasal corticosteroids are commonly considered to offer targetable benefit given their immunosuppressive property. However, experimental evidence suggests that continuous corticosteroid exposure may directly cause olfactory damage by disrupting the turnover of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). This potentially deleterious effect of corticosteroids calls into question their long‐term topical use for treating olfactory loss related to AR. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of chronic intranasal corticosteroid treatment on olfactory function and OSN population in mice under normal and pathological conditions.MethodsBALB/c mice were intranasally treated with fluticasone propionate (FP, 0.3 mg/kg) for up to 8 weeks. Additional mice were used to establish an ovalbumin‐induced mouse model of AR, followed by nasal challenge with ovalbumin for 8 weeks in the presence or absence of intranasal FP treatment. The authors examined olfactory function, OSN existence, neuronal turnover, and nasal inflammation using behavioral test, histological analyses, Western blotting, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsIntranasal treatment with FP for 8 weeks (FP‐wk8) reduced odor sensitivity in normal mice. This reduction was concomitant with loss of OSNs and the axons projecting to the olfactory bulb, primarily resulting from increased neuronal apoptosis. In FP‐wk8 AR mice, intranasal FP treatment attenuated olfactory impairment and eosinophilic inflammation but failed to reconstitute OSN population and axonal projections.ConclusionThese results suggest that chronic intranasal corticosteroid treatment contributes to OSN degeneration that may reduce the therapeutic effectiveness for AR‐related olfactory loss.
The application of hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol coatings filled with different loadings of zinc oxide nanoparticles to mitigate salinity stress of the wheat seeds
Authors: Gohari Nazanin Rostami , Modiri Sina , Yari Hossein , Saffari Mahboub , Baghizadeh Amin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work the effects of wheat seeds coating with polyvinyl alcohol (0 and 1.5 wt.%) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (0, 2, 4, and 6 wt.% of the amount of polyvinyl alcohol) under salinity stress (0 and 2 ds/m) to increase the seed resistance under non‐biological stresses and to improve its productivity were studied. To evaluate the properties of the applied coating on the studied seeds, films consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and zinc oxide nanoparticles were also prepared and characterized by tensile tests, differential scanning calorimeter, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy, moisture absorption, hardness, contact angle measurements, and scanning electronic microscope. A laboratory study was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design with three replications to evaluate the germination indices. The films containing nanoparticles had a higher modulus and elongation at break. However, increasing the nanoparticles to 6 wt.% reduced the tensile strength by 29%. In addition, the application of nanoparticles caused an increase in film hardness, a decrease in moisture absorption, and an increase in contact angle. As results, the mechanical properties of the seed polymer coating were introduced as one of the most influential factors in seed germination performance. Regarding the effect of nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles significantly reduced the adverse effects of salinity stress.
Predatory predictions and the ethics of predictive analytics
Authors: Martin Kirsten 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I critically examine ethical issues introduced by predictive analytics. I argue firms can have a market incentive to construct deceptively inflated true‐positive outcomes: individuals are over‐categorized as requiring a penalizing treatment and the treatment leads to mistakenly thinking this label was correct. I show that differences in power between firms developing and using predictive analytics compared to subjects can lead to firms reaping the benefits of predatory predictions while subjects can bear the brunt of the costs. While profitable, the use of predatory predictions can deceive stakeholders by inflating the measurement of accuracy, diminish the individuality of subjects, and exert arbitrary power. I then argue that firms have a responsibility to distinguish between the treatment effect and predictive power of the predictive analytics program, better internalize the costs of categorizing someone as needing a penalizing treatment, and justify the predictions of subjects and general use of predictive analytics. Subjecting individuals to predatory predictions only for a firms' efficiency and benefit is unethical and an arbitrary exertion of power. Firms developing and deploying a predictive analytics program can benefit from constructing predatory predictions while the cost is borne by the less powerful subjects of the program.
In vitro triple culture model of retinoblastoma for pre‐clinical investigations
Authors: Jahagirdar Devashree , Jain Ratnesh , Dandekar Prajakta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundRetinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare cancer of the retina that occurs during early childhood. The disease is relatively rare but aggressive, accounting for ∼3% of childhood cancers. Treatment modalities encompass the administration of large doses of chemotherapeutic drugs, which result in multiple side‐effects. Therefore, it is essential to have safe and effective newer therapies and suitable physiologically relevant, alternative‐to‐animal, in vitro cell culture‐based models to enable rapid and efficient evaluation of potential therapies.MethodologyThis investigation was focused on the development of a triple co‐culture model comprising Rb, retinal epithelium, and choroid endothelial cells, using a protein coating cocktail, to recapitulate this ocular cancer under in vitro conditions. This resulting model was used for screening drug toxicity, based on the growth profile of Rb cells, using carboplatin as the model drug. Further, a combination of bevacizumab and carboplatin was evaluated using the developed model, to lower the concentration of carboplatin and thereby reduce its physiological side‐effects.Major ResultsThe effect of drug treatment on the triple co‐culture was assessed by increase in the apoptotic profile of Rb cells. Further, the barrier properties were found to be lower with a decrease in the angiogenetic signals that included expression of vimentin. Measurement of cytokine levels signified reduced inflammatory signals due to the combinatorial drug treatment.ConclusionsThese findings validated that the triple co‐culture Rb model was suitable for evaluating anti‐Rb therapeutics and could thereby decrease the immense load on animal trials, which are the primary screens employed for evaluating retinal therapies.
Regional anesthesia for scapulothoracic fixation surgery: Anatomic review and case series
Authors: Vinsard Patrice A. , Niesen Adam D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractScapulothoracic fixation surgery is a surgical intervention used for symptom relief in patients who suffer from scapular dysfunction. To date, there are few reports on the use of regional anesthesia for pain control in patients undergoing this procedure. The nerve supply of the scapula and surrounding tissues is complex and arises from both cervical and thoracic nerve roots. We suggest the use of a combined technique for perioperative pain control in patients undergoing scapulothoracic surgery. After a review of the relevant anatomy, we present four cases using combined regional techniques for postoperative pain control. The techniques utilized include thoracic paravertebral blocks with shoulder blockade, resulting in satisfactory pain control.
Gene mutation analysis using next‐generation sequencing and its clinical significance in patients with myeloid neoplasm: A multi‐center study from China
Authors: Li Junnan , Pei Li , Liang Simin , Xu Shuangnian , Wang Yi , Wang Xiao , Liao Yi , Zhan Qian , Cheng Wei , Yang Zesong , Tang Xiaoqiong , Zhang Hongbin , Xiao Qing , Chen Jianbin , Liu Lin , Wang Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMyeloid neoplasms (MN) tend to relapse and deteriorate. Exploring the genomic mutation landscape of MN using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is a great measure to clarify the mechanism of oncogenesis and progression of MN.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study investigated 303 patients with MN using NGS from 2019 to 2021. The characteristics of the mutation landscape in the MN subgroups and the clinical value of gene variants were analyzed.ResultsAt least one mutation was detected in 88.11% of the patients (267/303). TET2 was the most common mutation in the cohort, followed by GATA2, ASXL1, FLT3, DNMT3A, and TP53. Among patients with myeloid leukemia (ML), multivariate analysis showed that patients aged ≥60 years had lower overall survival (OS, p = 0.004). Further analysis showed TET2, NPM1, SRSF2, and IDH1 gene mutations, and epigenetic genes (p < 0.050) presented significantly higher frequency in older patients. In patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myelodysplastic neoplasms (MPN), univariate analysis showed that BCORL1 had a significant impact on OS (p = 0.040); however, in multivariate analysis, there were no factors significantly associated with OS. Differential analysis of genetic mutations showed FLT3, TP53, MUC16, SRSF2, and KDM5A mutated more frequently (p < 0.050) in secondary acute myeloid leukemia (s‐AML) than in MDS and MPN. TP53, U2AF1, SRSF2, and KDM5A were mutated more frequently (p < 0.050) in s‐AML than in primary AML. KDM5A was observed to be restricted to patients with s‐AML in this study, and only co‐occurred with MUC16 and TP53 (2/2, 100%). Another mutation was MUC16, and its co‐occurrence pattern differed between s‐AML and AML. MUC16 mutations co‐occurred with KDM5A and TP53 in 66.7% (2/3) of patients with s‐AML and co‐occurred with CEBPA in 100% (4/4) of patients with AML.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate different genomic mutation patterns in the MN subgroups and highlight the clinical value of genetic variants.
In Vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of Cymbopogon flexuosus Essential Oil against Aeromonas hydrophila of Fish Origin and in Silico Molecular Docking of the Essential Oil Components against DNA Gyrase‐B and Their Drug‐Likeness
Authors: Chowdhury Hemanta , Kumar Bera Asit , Subhasmita Raut Subhashree , Chandra Malick Ramesh , Sekhar Swain Himanshu , Saha Ajoy , Kumar Das Basanta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn aquaculture, diseases caused by the Aeromonads with high antibiotic resistance are among the most common and troublesome diseases. Application of herbs is emerging as a tool in controlling these diseases. Plant extracts besides disease control, favor various physiological activities in fish. In this study, essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Poaceae family) was studied in vitro for its antibacterial efficacy against two oxytetracycline (OTC) resistant and one sensitive strains of Aeromonas hydrophila. The oil was found rich (86.93 %) in oxygenated terpenoids containing 74.15 % of citral. The oil exhibited dose dependent growth inhibition of the bacteria. Mean MIC value of the oil against the sensitive strain was recorded as 2.0 mg mL−1 whereas MBC value was recorded as 4.0 mg mL−1. The oil was found effective against the OTC resistant isolates with the MIC and MBC values ranging from 2.67–3.33 and 4.0–6.67 mg mL−1, respectively. In silico molecular docking of the essential oil components against DNA gyrase‐B, a vital macromolecule in bacterial cell, was carried out to computationally asses the efficacy of the oil against the bacteria. Some of the components of the essential oil strongly bonded with the enzyme to inhibit its efficacy. Binding energy of some components of the oil was comparable to that of the conventional antibiotic, OTC. The identified phytochemicals exhibited favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties and satisfied the rule of five (Ro5).
Intracoronary optical coherence tomography—An introduction
Authors: Mohan Nitin Chandra , Johnson Thomas W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) utilizes near infrared light with a wavelength of 1.30 μm and is generated from a rotating fibre‐optic system. When compared to intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), the shorter wavelength of OCT (1.3 μm) confers excellent axial resolution but at the cost of lower depth penetration (1–2 mm vs. 5–6 mm). Red blood cells have a strong tendency to absorb and scatter light, which attenuates the image. Therefore, when assessing coronary arteries with OCT, it is important to clear blood from the field of examination and this is usually done with a contrast agent. This makes it prone to artefacts from residual blood, and limits its use in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, ectatic vasculature and aorto‐ostial lesions where IVUS tends to be preferred. However, OCT outperforms IVUS in the assessment of calcific lesions, identification of high‐risk plaque features, and studying the mechanism of stent failure. In this article, we provide an up‐todate review of the technology behind OCT, its limitations, and how the two intracoronary imaging modalities compare in various clinical scenarios.
Photohemilabile PSP‐Rhodium Pincer Catalysts for Dehydrogenative C−H Bond Activation of Arenes
Authors: Toriumi Naoyuki , Lyu Yanzong , Iwasawa Nobuharu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHemilabile ligands have been widely utilized for transition metal catalysis, but hemilability upon excitation, termed as “photohemilability”, is still elusive despite the recent progress of organometallic photocatalysis. In this study, it was discovered that Thioxantphos‐based PSP−Rh pincer complexes undergo dehydrogenative C−H bond activation of arenes under irradiation with visible light. Theoretical calculations indicate that a transient photodissociation of the strong S−Rh bond brought about by d‐d excitation on Rh is the key to realize oxidative addition of arenes to the Rh(I) center, which can be regarded as a photohemilabile behavior. This C−H bond activation process was successfully applied to visible light‐driven C−H borylation of simple arenes.
Neue Erkenntnisse über prähistorische Kunst
Authors: Kochs Susanne , Hauri Urs , Foerster Milena , Bäumler Wolfgang , Schreiver Ines 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDie momentane Datenlage bietet nur ungenügende Möglichkeiten zur Risikobewertung von Tätowiermitteln. Auch die Langzeit‐Exposition beziehungsweise die dadurch potentiell möglichen Langzeitschäden und die Ursachen vieler Erkrankungen im Zusammenhang mit Tätowierungen sind (noch) nicht bekannt. Forschende aus den verschiedensten Ländern beschäftigen sich mit dieser Thematik mit dem Ziel, so viel wie möglich über Tätowierungen herauszufinden. Dieses Wissen kann dann angewendet werden, um möglichst sichere Tätowiermittel herzustellen.
Bitumen–solids attachment induced by cation activation
Authors: Zhou Joe , Li Haihong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInteractions between negatively charged bitumen and fine solids under oil sands extraction conditions were simulated using mature fine tailings (MFT) and hydrocarbon oil with dissolved carboxylic acids. Their attachment induced by cation activation was evaluated with different types of cations by simple dynamic attachment tests. The results revealed that solid hydrophobization by adsorbing surfactants was key for oil–solid attachment. Activation by multivalent metal cations was due to surface precipitation of metal hydroxides, followed by chemisorbing anionic surfactants on metal‐activated solids to form metal carboxylate complexes/precipitates, thereby hydrophobizing the solids. Activation by cationic surfactants depended on their hydrocarbon chain lengths. For short hydrocarbon chains, where hydrophobic interaction is weaker than electrostatic interaction between the added cationic and anionic surfactants, the added cations promote the adsorption of anionic surfactants by electrostatic interaction to render the solids hydrophobic. For long hydrocarbon chains where hydrophobic interaction is stronger than electrostatic interaction between the added cationic and anionic surfactants, the adsorption of anionic surfactants occurs through the hydrophobic association of the hydrocarbon chains, posing the head group towards water, thereby making the solids less hydrophobic. Activation by cationic flocculants was purely physical (hydrogen bonding and electrostatic): when the solids were turned positive by the added cationic flocculants, the added anionic surfactants then adsorbed onto the solids to render them hydrophobic. It appeared that soluble multivalent metal species (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+) were much less harmful to bitumen extraction than those heavy metals coated on the solids, either in the form of surface precipitates or hydrolyzed ionic species.
Synthesis of a BINOL‐Based C3 Symmetric Schiff Base and Its Fluorescence Response to Zn2+
Authors: Lu Kai , Guo Hongyu , Jiang Yixuan , Yang Jiaqiao , Yu Shanshan , Yu Xiaoqi , Pu Lin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA novel C3 symmetric 1,1’‐bi‐2‐naphthol‐based Schiff base (R,R,R)‐6 has been synthesized which shows highly selective fluorescence enhancement with Zn2+ among 21 metal cations examined. Its sensitivity and selectivity are found to be greater than other related C2 (1) and C1 [(R)‐9] symmetric compounds in the fluorescent recognition of Zn2+. The mechanistic study reveals that the selective fluorescence enhancement of the probe can be attributed to the formation of a unimolecular multidentate 6‐coordinated Zn2+ complex.