bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of airline business models on excess capacity
Authors: Karanki Fecri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCould airlines manage their excess capacity? This is a timely question, considering the likely growth in demand in the post‐pandemic period. As capacity reflects competitive priorities, business models can account for excess capacity. This study examines the impact of business models on excess capacity. The results show that capacity utilization decreased by 7%, although technical efficiency increased by 6%. As excess capacity differs across business models, airlines adopting the full‐service airline business model have higher capacity utilization than their competitors. This can be explained by the actions taken by full‐service airlines after the 2008 financial crisis.
Compact LTCC filter with wide stopband for 5G applications
Authors: Hu Shanwen , Hua Ming , Zhou Bo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA compact bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed with dual composite right/left‐handed resonators for the fifth‐generation (5G) N79 band applications. With consideration of compact size and filtering performance simultaneously, the vertical and horizontal finger constructed capacitor is improved with respective dimensions for each finger to obtain larger capacitance and better filtering performance. The proposed BPF is built in a four‐layer low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic substrate and possesses a smallest reported size of only (). The measured in‐band insertion loss (IL) is better than and a wide out‐of‐band suppression higher than upto are both achieved. Finally, comparison and discussion are implemented as well.
Design of new wideband waveguide Magic‐T for X‐band applications
Authors: Ameri Edris , Khalaj‐Amirhosseini Mohammad , Sedighy Seyed H. , Azizi Yousef 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe design and fabrication of low loss and wideband Magic‐T with 10 dB return loss (RL) bandwidth over 40% is proposed for X‐band application, which can be used in monopulse comparator network. The proposed Magic‐T is composed of WR90 waveguides include an exponentially conducting cone, metallic multistep l‐shaped septum, and some other conducting posts. By implementation of these optimized conducting cone, septum, and posts, the 20 dB RL bandwidth over 36% is achieved with very low insertion loss (IL) (<0.15 dB) at each port. Moreover, high isolation (>40 dB) across all port over X‐band is another feature of the proposed Magic‐T. The equal power division (in amplitude and phase) at H‐arm and phase cancellation of input power at E‐arm introduce the proposed Magic‐T as a good candidate for sum/difference comparator network for monopulse application. Validation of the simulation results by experimental ones proves the wideband RL, low IL, and high isolation coefficient of the proposed high‐power Magic‐T as well.
Modelling the density homogenisation of a block and granular bentonite buffer upon non‐isothermal saturation
Authors: Bosch Jose A. , Ferrari Alessio , Leupin Olivier , Laloui Lyesse 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical analysis of the mechanical performance of a bentonite clay buffer for the containment of nuclear waste in the context of deep geological disposal. The design of the buffer is based on the Swiss concept where the waste canisters are emplaced on pedestals of compacted bentonite blocks and the remaining space between the tunnel and the canister is backfilled with grains of highly compacted bentonite. A complete analysis of the long‐term performance of the repository requires a good understanding of the mechanical evolution of the bentonite upon heating from the radioactive waste and hydration from the host rock. Despite its importance, the implications of the initial heterogeneous bentonite layout, characterised by blocks and grains, on the final dry density at the repository scale in the steady state have not been previously studied. The present study aims to shed light into these processes by means of finite element modelling using an advanced constitutive model for the bentonite behaviour that considers several thermo‐hydro‐mechanical couplings. The constitutive model is shown to be able to reproduce several laboratory tests involving saturation of block and pellets at different dry densities. The model predictions, extended up to 100,000 years, indicate that the bentonite blocks and grains tend to homogenise in terms of dry density as the buffer reaches full saturation. Due to the different swelling potential of the block pedestal and the granular backfill, the canister is subjected to movements, although these remain relatively small. The impact of initial segregation of the granular bentonite is also studied and it is seen to not to affect substantially the mechanical evolution of the buffer, although it might reduce canister displacements.
How can nonprofit boards innovate for growth? An integrative‐systematic review
Authors: Richardson Sarah , Kelly Sarah Jane , Gillespie Nicole 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the nonprofit sector's significance in economic contribution, workforce, and social impact, it faces unique innovation hurdles and is not well positioned for sustainability, growth, and prosperity. However, with only a partial, disconnected view from the extant research, we do not understand the relationship between boards and nonprofit innovation for growth. To address this problem, we conducted a systematic literature review drawing on 27 studies published since 2000 to provide a first‐in‐field and comprehensive integration of disparate, mono‐factorial research. We conceptualize a new, multifactorial model that depicts a blend of board composition, relations and practice factors, and organizational and environmental characteristics that influence nonprofit innovation for growth.
Avid, Averse, Apprehensive, or Apathetic? A typology of collaboration attitudes
Authors: Tran Long 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs much of nonprofit management research on inter‐organizational collaboration has focused on various macro and meso aspects of collaboration, little is known about micro aspects such as the attitudes of individuals involved in collaboration. To contribute to a more holistic and multidisciplinary understanding of collaboration, this study draws upon social psychological theories about attitude structure and attitudinal ambivalence to explore the variation in attitudes that nonprofit leaders have toward collaboration opportunities. Based on interviews with the leaders of 20 US‐based transnational nonprofits in the field of child welfare, the study qualitatively identifies four major types of attitudes toward collaboration opportunities: Avid, Averse, Apprehensive, and Apathetic. The study then presents several propositions to facilitate a future research program for the integration of attitudes into collaboration research. Practical policy and managerial implications are also discussed.
Implementing an Interprofessional Difficult Airway Response Team to Identify and Manage High‐Risk Airways
Authors: Shukairy Mohammad Kareem , Chadwick Lexia , LaPorte Cinthia M. , Pudwill Josephine , Syslo Jennifer A. , Fitzgerald Julie , Bier‐Laning Carol M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a multidisciplinary approach to and results from the creation of a difficult airway response team (DART) to address the management of inpatient loss of airway events.MethodsDescription of an interprofessional process to establish and sustain a DART program at a tertiary care hospital. An Institutional Review Board‐approved retrospective review of the quantitative results was conducted from November 2019 through March 2021.ResultsAfter establishing the existing processes for difficult airway management, a focus on “work as imagined” identified 4 pillars to address the goal for the project of bringing the right providers with the right equipment to the right patients at the right time through DART equipment carts, an expanded DART code team, a screening tool to identify patients with at‐risk airways and unique messaging for DART code alerts. “Work as done” was assessed through simulations. Educational efforts included further simulations and group teaching. Sustainability was achieved through ongoing e‐learning and bidirectional feedback. During the period of study, there were 40,752 patients admitted and 28,013 (69%) screens completed. At‐risk airways were identified in 4282 admissions (11%), most commonly due to a history of a difficult airway (19%) and elevated body mass index (16%). The DART responded to 126 codes. There were no airway‐related deaths or serious adverse events.DiscussionA successful DART program was created, optimized, and sustained using components of interprofessional meetings, simulation, bidirectional feedback, and quantitative analysis.Implications for PracticeThe techniques described can serve to guide groups who identify a quality improvement project that involves interactions between multiple stakeholders.
Impaired neurocognitive functioning 3 months following diagnosis of high‐risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Hardy Kristina K. , Kairalla John A. , Gioia Anthony R. , Weisman Hannah S. , Gurung Meera , Noll Robert B. , Hinds Pamela S. , Hibbitts Emily , Salzer Wanda L. , Burke Michael J. , Winick Naomi J. , Embry Leanne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer diagnosis. Cognitive late effects develop in 20%–40% of ALL survivors, but the course of declines is unclear. The aim of this paper is to characterize cognitive functioning, and its association with patient‐reported outcomes, early in treatment.Patients and methodsA total of 483 children with high‐risk ALL, aged 6–12 years at diagnosis, consented to the neurocognitive study embedded in a prospective therapeutic trial, Children's Oncology Group (COG) AALL1131. A computerized neurocognitive battery (Cogstate) was administered 3 months post diagnosis assessing reaction time, visual attention, working memory, visual learning, and executive functioning. Parent‐reported executive functioning and patient‐reported physical symptoms were also collected.ResultsData from 390 participants (mean age at diagnosis = 9.2 years, 55.4% male) were obtained. Relatively few patients reported pain (16.0%) or nausea (22.6%), but a majority (68.5%) reported feeling at least some fatigue at testing. Mean Cogstate Z‐scores were within normal limits across tasks; however, rates of impairment (Z‐scores ≤ −1.5) for reaction time, working memory, visual learning, and visual attention were all higher than expected compared to the standardization sample. Patients reporting fatigue were significantly more likely to have impaired reaction time and visual attention compared to those reporting no fatigue.ConclusionFindings support feasibility of computerized cognitive assessments and suggest higher‐than‐expected rates of impaired cognitive performance early during treatment for pediatric ALL, notably within 3 months of diagnosis, suggesting intervention efforts may be indicated. These results also highlight acute factors that may impact reliability of “baseline” assessments conducted soon after diagnosis.
NMR as a tool for compound identification in mixtures
Authors: Borges Ricardo Moreira , Ferreira Gabriela de Assis , Campos Mariana Martins , Teixeira Andrew Magno , Costa Fernanda das Neves , das Chagas Fernanda Oliveira , Colonna Maxwell 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionNatural products and metabolomics are intrinsically linked through efforts to analyze complex mixtures for compound annotation. Although most studies that aim for compound identification in mixtures use MS as the main analysis technique, NMR has complementary advances that are worth exploring for enhanced structural confidence.ObjectiveThis review aimed to showcase a portfolio of the main tools available for compound identification using NMR.Materials and MethodsCOLMAR, SMART‐NMR, MADByTE, and NMRfilter are presented using examples collected from real samples from the perspective of a natural product chemist. Data are also made available through Zenodo so that readers can test each case presented here.ConclusionThe acquisition of 1H NMR, HSQC, TOCSY, HSQC‐TOCSY, and HMBC data for all samples and fractions from a natural products study is strongly suggested. The same is valid for MS analysis to create a bridged analysis between both techniques in a complementary manner. The use of NOAH supersequences has also been suggested and demonstrated to save NMR time.
Das singende Rohr
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungObwohl das Didgeridoo eines der konstruktiv einfachsten Instrumente ist, zeigt es dennoch eine sehr variable Klangvielfalt. Der Hauptgrund dafür liegt in einer starken akustischen Kopplung von Instrument und Mundraum. Die Technik der Zirkularatmung erlaubt ein kontinuierliches Spiel.
Eiskalte Schnappschüsse von Biomolekülen
Authors: Ortmann de Percin Northumberland Claire , Sachse Carsten 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungHeute nimmt die Kryo‐Elektronenmikroskopie (Kryo‐EM) eine zentrale Stellung als Werkzeug der Strukturbestimmung von biologischen Makromolekülen ein. Die Funktionsweise dieser Abbildungstechnik basiert auf einem breiten Spektrum von sowohl physikalischen, chemischen als auch biologischen Grundlagen. Entscheidend ist das schnelle Einfrieren, Vitrifizieren, biologischer Proben. In diesem glasartigen Zustand lassen sich Biomoleküle, zum Beispiel Proteine oder RNA, in ihrem nativen, der Lebensfunktion entsprechenden Zustand hochaufgelöst abbilden. Eine Reihe von technologischen Fortschritten im Bereich von Instrumentation und Bildverarbeitung ermöglichten exemplarisch die gezielte Erforschung der strukturellen Grundlagen der SARS‐CoV‐2‐Infektion mit Hilfe der modernen Kryo‐EM.
Stereoselective ring‐opening polymerization ofrac‐lactide catalyzed by phenyl diphosphazene/urea binary catalytic system
Authors: Li Zhedong , Duan Shiwei , Zhao Na , Li Zhibo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPolylactide (PLA) is a fully bio‐derived polyester with great biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. Synthesis of stereoregular PLA by highly stereoselective organocatalyzed ring opening polymerization (ROP) of racemic lactide (rac‐LA) at room temperature is challenging despite some important developments in the past few years. In this contribution, two bulky phenyl diphosphazene bases,p‐PDPBandm‐PDPB,were conveniently synthesized by the Staudinger reaction. In combination with different hydrogen‐bond donors such as ureas and squaramides, they could mediate the stereocontrolled ROP ofrac‐LA in THF at room temperature. Semicrystalline PLAs with narrow dispersity and high tacticity (Pmup to 0.84) were successfully synthesized in a well‐controlled manner using phenyl diphosphazene based/urea binary catalytic system. Structural analysis verified the linear structure and high end‐group fidelity of the resulting polymers. Moreover, the minimal transesterification of the polymer backbone proved by the MALDI‐TOF MS analysis indicated the good controllability of the phenyl diphosphazene based binary catalytic system.
One‐Pot Scalable Fabrication of Chitosan‐Capped Antibacterial Sulfur Nanoparticles from Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Wen Tao , Long Jiwen , Lu Guangming , Tan Jisuan , Zhou Li 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) have shown good potential in numerous fields due to their unique composition and properties. However, the direct utilization of abundant and inexpensive elemental sulfur for the large‐scale fabrication of high‐quality SNPs is still in its infancy. Herein, a simple one‐pot approach for the preparation of SNPs is presented, and gram‐scale SNPs can be readily prepared in one batch in the laboratory. By adding elemental sulfur‐ethylenediamine precursor to the acidic chitosan (CS) solution, chitosan‐capped sulfur nanoparticles (CS‐SNPs) can be formed immediately. Benefiting from the capping of CS, CS‐SNPs simultaneously possess small and uniform size with an average diameter of 19 nm, good aqueous dispersibility and stability, and favorable antioxidant capability against 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) free radicals. Moreover, CS‐SNPs also exhibit fine antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and the minimum and optimal inhibitory concentrations are 256 and 512 µg mL−1, respectively. Considering the easy fabrication process and attractive attributes of CS‐SNPs, this investigation not only offers an effective method for the scalable fabrication of robust SNPs but also provides a feasible way for the value‐added utilization of elemental sulfur.
Transcriptomics reveals apigenin alleviates airway inflammation and epithelial cell apoptosis in allergic asthma via MAPK pathway
Authors: Yu Hang , Huang Xi , Xie Cong , Song Jingrong , Zhou Yaolong , Shi Hanlin , Chen Mengmeng , Wu Yueren , Ruan Zhenhui , Deng Lingling , Deng Xiaohong , Lv Yubao , Luo Qingli , Dong Jingcheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPersistent chronic inflammation of the lungs and airway remodeling are important pathological features that cannot be ignored in patients with chronic asthma. Apigenin (API) is a natural small molecule compound with good anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activity that has been widely reported in recent years, but its role in chronic asthma is not well defined. Our study began with oral gavage intervention using API (10, 20 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (DEX, 2 mg/kg) in a BALB/c mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization. Different doses of API intervention effectively reduced airway resistance in the administered group. Additionally, inflammation was downregulated, mucus secretion was reduced, and airway remodeling was inhibited in the API intervention group compared with the model group. Asthma‐related inflammatory cytokines, such as IgE, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, and IL‐17, were downregulated in alveolar lavage fluid. Moreover, the apoptosis level of the administered group was found to be lower than that of the model group in the Tunel staining experiment. By analyzing transcriptome sequencing results, we found that API may exert anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects by inhibiting the MAPK pathway. Our subsequent results supported this conclusion, showing that the phosphorylation levels of ERKs, JNKs, and p38 MAPKs were inhibited in the administered group relative to the model group. Downstream expression of the apoptosis‐related protein B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) was upregulated, and the expression of Bcl‐2‐associated × protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase‐3 was downregulated. To further investigate the specific mechanism by which API acted, we established an in vitro model with house dust mite (HDM) stimulation, using API (10, 20 μM) for administration intervention. The results showed that API was able to improve cell viability, inhibit ROS production, and reverse HDM‐induced decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis in airway epithelial cells via the MAPK pathway.
Quantum Machine Learning Implementations: Proposals and Experiments
Authors: Lamata Lucas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article gives an overview and a perspective of recent theoretical proposals and their experimental implementations in the field of quantum machine learning. Without an aim to being exhaustive, the article reviews specific high‐impact topics such as quantum reinforcement learning, quantum autoencoders, and quantum memristors, and their experimental realizations in the platforms of quantum photonics and superconducting circuits. The field of quantum machine learning can be among the first quantum technologies producing results that are beneficial for industry and, in turn, to society. Therefore, it is necessary to push forward initial quantum implementations of this technology, in noisy intermediate‐scale quantum computers, aiming for achieving fruitful calculations in machine learning that are better than with any other current or future computing paradigm.
Event‐triggered neural experience replay learning for nonzero‐sum tracking games of unknown continuous‐time nonlinear systems
Authors: Cui Xiaohong , Peng Binbin , Wang Binrui , Wang Lina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an online event‐triggered integral reinforcement learning is proposed to solve the nonzero‐sum tracking games of the two‐player nonlinear system with unknown dynamics and constrained input. Firstly, an augmented system of the nonzero‐sum game is constructed to describe the tracking problem. Thus, the optimal tracking problem is treated as solving the coupled Hamilton‐Jacobi (HJ) equations of the augmented system. To restrict the number of sampling states, a novel triggering threshold containing the augmented states is designed, and it avoids the existence of Zeno behavior. Secondly, a single‐critic network is utilized to approximate the solution of the coupled HJ equations. The critic network turning law with experience replay technology relaxes the dependence on the persistence of excitation (PE) conditions in traditional integral reinforcement learning (IRL) by using historical data in the stack. Moreover, the augmented system states and the critic NN weight errors are uniformly ultimate boundedness (UUB) by Lyapunov theory. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the availability of the proposed algorithm.
Third‐order integral sliding mode control of piezoelectric actuators based on rate‐amplitude‐dependent Prandtl‐Ishlinskii model
Authors: Li Qijie , Li Yanan , Li Jiangang , Huang Youhua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAiming at trajectory tracking control of piezoelectric actuators (PEAs), this article proposes a third‐order integral sliding mode control (3‐ISMC) based on rate‐amplitude‐dependent Prandtl‐Ishlinskii (PI) inverse model feedforward (3‐RAPI) scheme, which can achieve finite time convergence and avoid singular problems, while ensuring the continuity of the control signal. In this control scheme, a rate‐amplitude‐dependent PI (RAPI) model is proposed to describe the hysteresis characteristics of PEA, and the RAPI hysteresis inverse model is used to realize the feedforward control. The simulation results verify the improvement of the modeling accuracy of the RAPI model compared with the traditional PI model. In order to reduce the influence of modeling error and improve the robustness of the system, a 3‐ISMC scheme based on integral non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode surface is proposed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the tracking performance of 3‐ISMC is improved compared with the existing third‐order integral terminal sliding model control (3‐ITSMC). Finally, the composite control algorithm is realized by combining the RAPI hysteresis inverse model feedforward with the 3‐ISMC algorithm. The experimental results further show that the control algorithm can track the input signal in a wide range of rate and amplitude.