bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Gender Ideal Adherence on Carer Burden and Help-Seeking in Male Carers of People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Appleton Damien , Robertson Noelle , Lesley Rosie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease that is commonly diagnosed in middle age and disproportionately affects women. Consequently, middle-aged men (as partners and husbands) are often the caregivers, a unique group in comparison with carers for people with other long-term neurological conditions, who are predominately women. Previous research has indicated that male carers respond differently from their female counterparts in terms of carer burden. Authors of gender role construct literature have reported that gender role conflict and gender role flexibility have an influence on men's attitudes about seeking help and support. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gender role conflict and gender role flexibility have an effect on help-seeking attitudes and carer burden within this unique group of carers.

METHODS:
Data were collected from an international sample of 68 participants, using results from online and paper surveys, and were primarily analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis.

RESULTS:
Results indicated that gender role conflict and gender role flexibility explained a significant variance in burden but were not significantly associated with attitudes toward help-seeking. Rather, appearance of coping was posited as a potential variable mediating the relationship between gender role conflict and help-seeking attitudes.

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings indicate how gender role constructs affect carer coping, suggesting that support for male carers may require tailored interventions. Appearance of coping is highlighted as a variable that requires further investigation. Further, a direction for psychoeducational interventions applicable to other groups of male carers is suggested.
Social presence effect in language comprehension: evidence from event-related potential (ERP) research
Authors: Yu Teng , Sui Xue , Li Yu tong 
Published: January 2025

Objective
This study aimed to examine the impact of social presence on Chinese reading comprehension and associated neural responses.

Methods
Participants tasked with reading Chinese sentences either alone or in the presence of others and subsequently assessing the accuracy of the sentences’ meanings. Concurrently, we recorded the participants’ electrical brain responses to critical word processing.

Results
Behavioral results indicated no significant effect of social presence on the judgment of sentence accuracy. Electroencephalogram (EEG) results, however, revealed that reading in the presence of others elicited more pronounced left anterior negativity (LAN) components in the left front of the scalp compared to reading alone. Additionally, incorrect meanings triggered larger N400 and P600 amplitudes in the mid-parietal region than correct meanings.

Conclusion
Social presence intensifies early neural responses during the reading of Chinese sentences, although it does not influence semantic integration or conflict resolution. These findings support the notion that social context affects language processing.
Effects of tropical fruit blends on fermentative and pigmentation aspects of probiotic native cultured goat milk
Authors: Oliveira Galdino Isadora Kaline Camelo Pires de , Silva Gabriel Monteiro da , Silva Miqueas Oliveira Morais da , Dantas Giordanni Cabral , Pereira Elainy Virgínia dos Santos , Oliveira Tiago Almeida de , dos Santos Karina Maria Olbrich , Egito Antonio Silvio do , Alonso Buriti Flávia Carolina , Cardarelli Haíssa Roberta 
Published: January 2025

Background
Fruits are sources of bioactive compounds such as phenolics that bring health benefits to consumers. The addition of fruit products and microorganisms with probiotic potential in fermented goat milk can facilitate the acquisition of these benefits through diet. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating a mixture of ingredients from jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora), jambolana (Syzygium cumini), and mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru) fruits on fermentation parameters (pH, titratable acidity, viability of the native culture Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNPC003 and the starter culture), associated with pigmentation (phenolic compound content and color) through experimental mixture design.

Methods
A simplex-centroid experimental design was conducted, comprised of seven trials totaling the addition of 30% of the fruit preparations in the final formulation of fermented milk and one control trial (without addition of preparations), with the response being the total phenolic content and the instrumental color parameter a*. Fermentations were carried out with the addition of the native culture Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNPC003 and the starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus. Subsequently, analyses of pH, titratable acidity, viability of the native and starter cultures, total phenolic compound content, and the instrumental color parameter a* were performed.

Results
The final pH among trials ranged from 4.55 to 4.69, titratable acidity ranged from 0.59 to 0.64, the population of L. plantarum CNPC003 reached levels exceeding 8 log CFU/g, as did the population of Streptococcus thermophilus. The content of phenolic compounds was higher in trials T1, T5, and T7, as well as the color parameter (a*). The use of experimental mixture design contributed to the development of products with high viability of L. plantarum, high content of phenolic compounds, and a characteristic color of the added fruits, bringing benefits to consumer health.
Response of Levels of Nitrogen and Row Spacing on Growth and Leaf Yield of Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) var. Arka Anupama
Authors: Patel M. J. , Panchal B. H. , Thounaojam A. S. , Zala K. P. , Baria V. K. 
Published: January 2025

A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, with a view to study the response of levels of nitrogen and row spacing on growth and leaf yield of palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) var. Arka Anupama during Rabi season of the year 2019-20 with factorial randomized block design (FRBD) comprising of three levels of nitrogen viz., 60 kg Nha-1 (N1), 80 kg Nha-1 (N2) and 100 kg Nha-1 (N3) and three row spacing viz., 20 cm (S1), 30 cm (S2) and 40 cm (S3) along with three replications. The study was revealed that the application of Nitrogen 100 kgha-1 (N3) gave maximum shoot length (29.24 cm), maximum number of leaves (13.37), maximum leaf area (91.02 cm2), chlorophyll content SPAD value (37.10), ascorbic acid content (76.47 mg) at first cutting, maximum fresh leaf weight i.e. 57.88, 52.77, 48.23 and 38.33 g and maximum dry leaf weight i.e. 6.50, 6.24, 5.81 and 4.92 g at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cutting, respectively and maximum leaf yield per plot (20.90 kg) and per hectare (37.32 t ) while in case of row spacing, S3 (40 cm) gave maximum number of leaves (13.44), maximum leaf area (89.69 cm2) at first cutting, maximum fresh leaf weight i.e. 56.63, 51.92, 46.30 and 36.67 g and maximum dry leaf weight i.e. 6.41, 6.20, 5.82 and 4.75 g at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cutting respectively while, maximum number of plants/sq.m at 10 DAS (47.05), shoot length (28.98 cm), green leaf yield per plot (20.68 kg) and per hectare (36.93 t) observed in treatment S1 (20 cm).
Genetic Variability Studies in Early Segregating Generation of Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp subsp unguiculata]
Authors: Kundu Ritama , Deshpande Sanjeev K. , Patil B. R. , Jahagirdar Shamarao 
Published: January 2025

Aims: In a self-pollinated crop like cowpea, most breeding approaches predominantly use different techniques of handling the segregating generations. It is important to select and increase the frequency of the desirable genotypes for efficient management of segregating generations and gradual improvement of important characters in the material. For the selection to be efficient, a complete knowledge of the features of the segregating material in terms of genetic variability with regard to important characters is crucial. So the objective of the study was to comprehend the genetic variability in segregating generations and to estimate the percentage of transgressive segregants.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Augmented design II during kharif, 2023.
Place and Duration of Study: The current experiment was undergone at the Botany garden, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka to evaluate 36 F4 families and six checks during kharif 2023.
Methodology: Observations were taken for ten yield and yield related traits viz., total yield (kg/ha), single plant yield (g), number of pods per plant, test weight (g), number of seeds per pod, pod length (cm), number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, days to fifty per cent flowering and days to maturity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for yield and yield related traits of 36 F4 families of diverse crosses and pedigree along with checks in grain type cowpea was carried out in augmented design II as proposed by Federer and Raghavarao, 1975. Different genetic parameters were estimated to characterize the material for nature and amount of genetic variability. Percentage of transressive segregants was calculated using the mean±1 SD for all characters.
Results: The variances between genotypes were shown to be highly significant among all the characters under study. All traits exhibited high heritability (>60%) except the trait number of pods per cluster. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance (>20%) was obtained in traits like total yield (kg/ha) (71.00% and 43.59%), single plant yield (g) (76.18% and 35.01%), number of pods per plant (71.98% and 33.49%), pod length (cm) (75.99% and 22.00%) and number of clusters per plant (64.90% and 30.02%), indicating the possibility of effective selection for these characters. Highest percentage of transgressive segregants was revealed for the traits total yield (19.44%) and days to fifty per cent flowering (19.44%).
Conclusion: Sufficient amount of genetic variability present among the F4 families ensures profound scope of selection which in turn indicates possibility of improvement in the population.
Associação entre baixo fracionamento dietético e ocorrência de excesso de peso em mulheres assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde em um município do Recôncavo da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Cafe Barbosa Adriane 
Published: January 2025

Introdução: Evidências científicas revelam que o baixo fracionamento dietético pode aumentar o risco de desenvolver excesso de peso e outras Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT). Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre o baixo fracionamento dietético e a ocorrência de excesso de peso em mulheres assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde de um município do Recôncavo da Bahia. Metodologia: Estudo transversal aninhado a um estudo Quase Experimental com 139 mulheres em idade fértil e gestantes assistidas nas Unidades de Saúde da Família de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, no período de outubro de 2022 a abril de 2023. Empregou-se Regressão de Poisson com variância Robusta para avaliar a associação entre a variável de exposição e o desfecho estudado. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso em mulheres que realizam até 3 refeições diárias foi de 49,4% (RP= 1,25; IC95%= 1,02-1,63). Observou-se maior prevalência de excesso de peso em gestantes com baixo fracionamento dietético (RP= 1,29; IC95%= 1,0-1,71), que tiveram outra gestação (RP= 1,53; IC95%= 1,16- 2,54) e consomem bebidas alcoólicas (RP= 1,09; IC95%= 1,10-1,80). Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu identificar elevada prevalência de excesso de peso em mulheres, sendo o baixo fracionamento dietético e outros fatores, a exemplo de multiparidade, condição fisiológica da vida e consumo de álcool estiveram associados a ocorrência deste desfecho, indicando a necessidade de acompanhamento da saúde e nutrição das mulheres em todas as fases da vida.
Procedimentos para rejuvenescimento facial e monitoramento de seus efeitos com fotogrametria: relato de caso
Authors: Lins Renata Bahia Accioly , Mathias Paula 
Published: January 2025

Introdução: o tratamento de harmonização orofacial envolve procedimentos que visam atender às principais queixas estéticas e funcionais do indivíduo. Procedimentos como toxina botulínica, bioestimulador de colágeno e preenchimento com ácido hialurônico são os mais procurados na prática clínica para modificações morfológicas e gerenciamento do envelhecimento facial, e requerem o uso cauteloso desses materiais que provocam mudanças sutis na face dos indivíduos. Assim, é importante que o profissional utilize ferramentas de registro e monitoramento, como fotografias padronizadas ou escaneamentos faciais. A estereofotogrametria é um método que usa sistemas de imagens faciais tridimensionais (3D) para o planejamento e acompanhamento do tratamento, possibilitando a visualização e a quantificação dos resultados alcançados. Metodologia: o presente trabalho descreve um caso clínico de harmonização orofacial, com aplicação de bioestimulador de colágeno, toxina botulínica, preenchimento labial e da região periorbital, com utilização da estereofotogrametria para registrar as sutis mudanças faciais e avaliar o efeito de cada uma delas. Resultado: foi possível observar uma grande melhora no aspecto facial da paciente, com uma movimentação tecidual posterior e superior. Conclusão: o caso clínico apresentado demonstrou que o conhecimento da anatomia facial e o uso de técnicas de injeções planejadas e de produtos específicos para cada região facial são essenciais para alcançar os objetivos pré-determinados. O monitoramento de cada alteração facial e tecidual com a estereofotogrametria oferece a possibilidade de acompanhar criteriosamente cada alteração obtida, além de aproximar paciente e profissional, trazendo mais assertividade no acompanhamento clínico, monitoramento dos procedimentos de rejuvenescimento facial e verificação dos resultados alcançados.
Mixtures Risk Assessment: Available Methods and Future Directions
Authors: Pohl Hana R. , Buser Melanie C. , Ruiz Patricia , Mumtaz Moiz M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Humans are simultaneously or sequentially exposed to many chemicals throughout their life, intentionally or unintentionally. These could include pesticides, pharmaceuticals, household products, and food additives. Individual control over exposure varies across personal, occupational, and environmental chemical exposure pathways. Personal lifestyle exposures such as firsthand tobacco smoke or alcohol are voluntary. Occupational exposure is “voluntary,” but the individual generally has less control over these exposures. On the other hand, individuals usually have few options for controlling environmental exposures under ordinary circumstances.
Refractory Ceramic Fiber (Alumino Silicate Wool)
Authors: Harrison Paul T. C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Refractory ceramic fiber (RCF) belongs to the group of fibrous materials known as man‐made vitreous fibers (MMVF) or synthetic vitreous fibers (SVF). It is produced from molten mineral raw material, predominantly silica, and alumina. RCFs may be sold in the form of loose wool, blankets, boards, or vacuum‐formed shapes. Products made from RCF are generally used at application temperatures above 900°C in industrial equipment such as furnaces and kilns. Individual fibers may be released into the air during manufacture, handling, use, decommissioning, and disposal. As with other fibrous materials, inhalation and consequent effects on the lungs are considered to be the most important health concerns, and sampling airborne fiber concentration is therefore the focus of exposure assessment. RCF is classified as possibly (or presumed to be) carcinogenic to humans and is subject to various national workplace exposure limits or guidelines. Also, like other SVFs, RCF can cause acute mechanical irritation to the skin and eyes. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated no increases in all‐cause mortality or mortality from lung cancer or all cancers combined in RCF‐exposed workers; overall, it is concluded that occupational exposure to RCF is associated with the development of pleural plaques and minor decrements in lung function but not interstitial fibrosis or increased lung cancer.
Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth
Authors: Madden Emily F. , Fowler Bruce A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth are members of Group V of the Periodic Table of Elements. These elements have been used for a variety of medicinal and pest control purposes over a number of centuries. They have also been used in metallic alloys and in the production of III–V semiconductors to increase electronic speeds of computer chips. Arsenicals are largely metabolized by methylation pathways and bismuth is known to induce the metal‐binding protein metallothionein and to form electron–dense cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies.
Polyhalogenated Biphenyls
Authors: Loccisano Anne , Bernal Autumn , Kerger Brent 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter is intended to provide a detailed weight of evidence scientific review on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs). Notably, PCBs are among the most thoroughly studied chlorinated persistent organic pollutants to date; despite their discontinued commercial production in the 1970s, their environmental persistence and widespread distribution continue to garner research attention regarding potential impacts on human health. Due to the voluminous literature pertaining to exposure and toxicology of PCBs, for practical purposes, this chapter was written to capture the scientific highlights of greatest import with respect to knowledge on exposures and toxicological properties of these compounds.
Glycols
Authors: Cavender Finis L. , Keenan Thomas H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Glycols are generally organic molecules that contain two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons. Some include organic molecules with two hydroxyl groups on carbon atom that are not adjacent to each other. All of these chemicals are correctly called diols. Ethylene glycol is the simplest diol with the formula (CH
2
OH)
2
. The main uses of ethane‐1,2‐diol are as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odorless, colorless, sweet‐tasting, viscous liquid that can cause kidney damage in children and pets who may drink the sweet liquid. Propylene glycol or propane‐1,2‐diol does not cause kidney damage and is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers, and in smaller quantities used in food applications, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Many molecules of ethane‐1,2‐diol can be connected via ether linkages to produce polyethylene glycol or PEG which can have molecular weights in the thousands. As with many organic chemicals, the higher the molecular weight, the lower the toxicity.
Kiritimatiellia
emend.
Authors: Spring Stefan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Ki.ri.ti.ma.ti.el'li.a. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Kiritimatiella
, type genus of the type order of the class; N.L. neut. pl. n. suff. –
ia,
ending to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Kiritimatiellia
, the class of the order
Kiritimatiellales
.

Kiritimatiellota / Kiritimatiellia
emend
.

The effectively published synonym
Kiritimatiellae
(sic) Spring et al. 2016 was corrected to
Kiritimatiellia
by Spring et al. (2022) in Göker (2022). At the time of writing, the class
Kiritimatiellia
encompasses all cultivated representatives of the phylum
Kiritimatiellota
. Members of this taxon are in general free‐living, nonmotile, non‐spore‐forming, coccoid bacteria adapted to anoxic niches found in aquatic environments or the intestines of animals. Further features common to all strains include cell division by binary fission, a cell wall of the Gram‐negative type that contains peptidoglycan, no intracellular membranes, and an anaerobic metabolism based on the fermentation of carbohydrates. Transparent exopolymers are produced by pure cultures of the known strains. A specialization in the degradation of complex polysaccharides can be assumed for most strains, since the corresponding genomes contain a large number of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases and sulfatases. Cellular fatty acid patterns of axenic cultures are dominated by straight‐chain (C
18:0
) and iso‐branched fatty acids (iso‐C
12:0
, iso‐C
14:0
). The major polar lipids are identified as phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin). The genome sizes among described representatives of this phylum range from 2.9  to 8.6 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 53–63 (genome analyses,
n
= 4).

Type order
:
Kiritimatiellales
Spring et al. 2016, VL174.
Methylobacterium
Authors: Ardley Julie K. , Green Peter N. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Me.thy.lo.bac.te'ri.um. N.L. pref.
methylo
, pertaining to the methyl radical; Gr. n.
bacterion
, a small rod; N.L. neut. n.
Methylobacterium
, a methyl radical utilizing bacterium.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Methylobacteriaceae / Methylobacterium

The genus
Methylobacterium
accommodates pink‐pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria that assimilate single carbon substrates via the serine cycle. A recent revision of the taxonomy has grouped all
Methylobacterium sensu lato
species in three distinct clades:
Methylobacterium sensu stricto
(Clade A),
Methylorubrum
(Clade B), and the third clade (Clade C), which contains some nonmethylotrophic species and currently remains within
Methylobacterium sensu lato
. Most species form pink to orange‐red colonies on methanol salt media; colonies are circular, convex with entire margins. Cells are non‐spore‐forming rods that occur singly, in pairs, or occasionally in rosettes and may be branched or pleomorphic. Gram‐negative with a Gram‐negative cell wall type but may stain Gram‐variable. Cells of most species are motile by means of one or more polar, subpolar, or lateral flagella. Respiration is strictly aerobic. They are mesophilic and chemoorganotrophic. Strains belonging to
Methylobacterium sensu stricto
are facultatively methylotrophic, being able to grow with formaldehyde, formate, and methanol as sole carbon sources; most strains are unable to grow on methylamine. Clade C within
Methylobacterium sensu lato
contains some members that are unable to utilize methanol or formaldehyde. Some strains have shown evidence of weakly phototrophic growth. Can grow on a variety of multicarbon compounds, in particular organic acids, but most strains are unable to utilize disaccharides. The major cellular fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
and/or C
18:1
ω6
c
. DNA G + C content is 66.0–73.0 (genome).
Methylobacterium
species are widely distributed in nature, being found in soil, water, and associated with plants, most commonly in the phyllosphere.
Methylobacterium organophilum
is the type species of this genus.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 66.0–73.0 (genome).

Type species
:
Methylobacterium organophilum
Patt et al. 1976
AL
.