bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning to automatically evaluate HER2 gene amplification status from fluorescence in situ hybridization images
Authors: Xue Tian , Chang Heng , Ren Min , Wang Haochen , Yang Yu , Wang Boyang , Lv Lei , Tang Licheng , Fu Chicheng , Fang Qu , He Chuan , Zhu Xiaoli , Zhou Xiaoyan , Bai Qianming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene amplification helps identify breast cancer patients who may respond to targeted anti-HER2 therapy. This study aims to develop an automated method for quantifying HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals and improve the working efficiency of pathologists. An Aitrox artificial intelligence (AI) model based on deep learning was constructed, and a comparison between the AI model and traditional manual counting was performed. In total, 918 FISH images from 320 consecutive invasive breast cancers were analysed and automatically classified into 5 groups according to the 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines. The overall classification accuracy was 85.33% (157/184) with a mean average precision of 0.735. In Group 5, the most common group, the consistency was as high as 95.90% (117/122), while the consistency was low in the other groups due to the limited number of cases. The causes of this inconsistency, including clustered HER2 signals, coarse CEP17 signals and some section quality problems, were analysed. The developed AI model is a reliable tool for evaluating HER2 amplification statuses, especially for breast cancer in Group 5; additional cases from multiple centres could further improve the accuracy achieved for other groups.
Differential thermal analysis techniques as a tool for preliminary examination of catalyst for combustion
Authors: Yurchenko Olena , Pernau Hans-Fridtjof , Engel Laura , Wöllenstein Jürgen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe need for more economical catalysts for various combustion reactions is continuously driving catalyst development. We present Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) as suitable techniques for fast examination of catalyst activity for combustion reactions. The heat of reaction ΔHr generated at the catalyst in a combustible atmosphere is the measure for estimating the capability of the catalyst. Present investigations verify the reliability of both methods for the pre-selection of catalysts for further extensive investigations. To simplify the measurements and the result evaluation, a new measurement routine is introduced which is more suitable for rapid catalyst investigation than the conventional approach. For initial investigations, oxidation of 1% methane on a cobalt oxide catalyst was used. First, DTA measurements were performed. The vessel size and the amount of catalyst are considered as factors influencing the thermal signal. Simultaneous mass spectrometry measurements were used to better understand the formation of the DTA response. Comparable DSC investigations were then conducted. Finally, the behavior of catalyst was compared with two commercial palladium/alumina catalysts using DTA and DSC. Our investigations show that DTA and DSC are powerful methods to identify potential catalysts in a fast and reproducible manner, provided that all parameters influencing the thermal signal are kept constant.
Temporal instability and differences in injury severity between restrained and unrestrained drivers in speeding-related crashes
Authors: Se Chamroeun , Champahom Thanapong , Wisutwattanasak Panuwat , Jomnonkwao Sajjakaj , Ratanavaraha Vatanavongs 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUpon detecting a crash impact, the vehicle restraint system locks the driver in place. However, external factors such as speeding, crash mechanisms, roadway attributes, vehicle type, and the surrounding environment typically contribute to the driver being jostled within the vehicle. As a result, it is crucial to model unrestrained and restrained drivers separately to reveal the true impact of the restraint system and other factors on driver injury severities. This paper aims to explore the differences in factors affecting injury severity for seatbelt-restrained and unrestrained drivers involved in speeding-related crashes while accounting for temporal instability in the investigation. Utilizing crash data from Thailand between 2012 and 2017, mixed logit models with heterogeneity in means and variances were employed to account for multi-layered unobserved heterogeneity. For restrained drivers, the risk of fatal or severe crashes was positively associated with factors such as male drivers, alcohol influence, flush/barrier median roadways, sloped roadways, vans, running off the roadway without roadside guardrails, and nighttime on unlit or lit roads. For unrestrained drivers, the likelihood of fatal or severe injuries increased in crashes involving older drivers, alcohol influence, raised or depressed median roadways, four-lane roadways, passenger cars, running off the roadway without roadside guardrails, and crashes occurring in rainy conditions. The out-of-sample prediction simulation results are particularly significant, as they show the maximum safety benefits achievable solely by using a vehicle's seatbelt system. Likelihood ratio test and predictive comparison findings highlight the considerable combined impact of temporal instability and the non-transferability of restrained and unrestrained driver injury severities across the periods studied. This finding also demonstrates a potential reduction in severe and fatal injury rates by simply replicating restrained driver conditions. The findings should be of value to policymakers, decision-makers, and highway engineers when developing potential countermeasures to improve driver safety and reduce the frequency of severe and fatal speeding-related single-vehicle crashes.
Biogenic production of silver, zinc oxide, and cuprous oxide nanoparticles, and their impregnation into textiles with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Asmat-Campos David , Rojas-Jaimes Jesús , de Oca-Vásquez Gabriela Montes , Nazario-Naveda R. , Delfín-Narciso D. , Juárez-Cortijo L. , Bayona Damaris Esquen , Diringer Benoit , Pereira Reinaldo , Menezes Diego Batista 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNanotechnology is being used to fight off infections caused by viruses, and one of the most outstanding nanotechnological uses is the design of protective barriers made of textiles functionalized with antimicrobial agents, with the challenge of combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causal agent of COVID-19. This research is framed within two fundamental aspects: the first one is linked to the proposal of new methods of biogenic synthesis of silver, cuprous oxide, and zinc oxide nanoparticles using organic extracts as reducing agents. The second one is the application of nanomaterials in the impregnation (functionalization) of textiles based on methods called "in situ" (within the synthesis), and "post-synthesis" (after the synthesis), with subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness in reducing the viral load of SARS-CoV-2. The results show that stable, monodisperse nanoparticles with defined geometry can be obtained. Likewise, the "in situ" impregnation method emerges as the best way to adhere nanoparticles. The results of viral load reduction show that 'in situ' textiles with Cu2O NP achieved a 99.79% load reduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Monitoring the gasification area and its behavior in underground coal gasification by acoustic emission technique instead of temperature measurement
Authors: Hamanaka Akihiro , Ishii Yuma , Itakura Ken-ichi , Sasaoka Takashi , Shimada Hideki , Widodo Nuhindro Priagung , Sulistianto Budi , Kodama Jun-ichi , Deguchi Gota 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderground Coal Gasification (UCG) requires monitoring of the gasification area because the gasification process is invisible and the reaction temperature exceeds 1000 °C. Many fracturing events that occurred due to coal heating can be captured with Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring technique during UCG. However, the temperature conditions to generate fracturing events during UCG have not yet been clarified. Therefore, the coal heating experiment and small-scale UCG experiment are conducted by measuring the temperature and AE activities in this research to examine the applicability of the AE technique instead of temperature measurement as a monitoring method during UCG. As a result, many fracturing events are generated when the temperature of coal is changed drastically, especially during coal gasification. Besides, AE events increase in the sensor near the heat source and AE sources are expanded widely with the expansion of the high-temperature region. AE monitoring is an effective technique for the estimation of the gasification area during UCG instead of temperature monitoring.
An analysis of the climate change effects on pesticide vapor drift from ground-based pesticide applications to cotton
Authors: Kannan Narayanan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVapor drift of applied pesticides is an increasing concern. Among the major crops cultivated in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD), cotton receives most of the pesticides. An investigation was carried out to determine the likely changes in pesticide vapor drift (PVD) as a result of climate change that occurred during the cotton growing season in LMD. This will help to better understand the consequences and prepare for the future climate. Pesticide vapor drift is a two-step process: (a) volatilization of the applied pesticide to vapors and (b) mixing of the vapors with the atmosphere and their transport in the downwind direction. This study dealt with the volatilization part alone. Daily values of maximum and minimum air temperature, averages of relative humidity, wind speed, wet bulb depression and vapor pressure deficit for 56 years from 1959 to 2014 were used for the trend analysis. Wet bulb depression (WBD), indicative of evaporation potential, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), indicative of the capacity of atmospheric air to accept vapors, were estimated using air temperature and relative humidity (RH). The calendar year weather dataset was trimmed to the cotton growing season based on the results of a precalibrated RZWQM for LMD. The modified Mann Kendall test, Pettitt test and Sen’s slope were included in the trend analysis suite using ‘R’. The likely changes in volatilization/PVD under climate change were estimated as (a) average qualitative change in PVD for the entire growing season and (b) quantitative changes in PVD at different pesticide application periods during the cotton growing season. Our analysis showed marginal to moderate increases in PVD during most parts of the cotton growing season as a result of climate change patterns of air temperature and RH during the cotton growing season in LMD. Estimated increased volatilization of the postemergent herbicide S-metolachlor application during the middle of July appears to be a concern in the last 20 years that exhibits climate alteration.
Regulation of microRNA expression by the adaptor protein GRB2
Authors: Stainthorp Amy K. , Lin Chi-Chuan , Wang Dapeng , Medhi Ragini , Ahmed Zamal , Suen Kin Man , Miska Eric A. , Whitehouse Adrian , Ladbury John E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProtein interactions with the microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing protein Argonaute 2 (AGO2) control miRNA expression. miRNA biogenesis starts with the production of precursor transcripts and culminates with the loading of mature miRNA onto AGO2 by DICER1. Here we reveal an additional component to the regulatory mechanism for miRNA biogenesis involving the adaptor protein, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). The N-terminal SH3 domain of GRB2 is recruited to the PAZ domain of AGO2 forming a ternary complex containing GRB2, AGO2 and DICER1. Using small-RNA sequencing we identified two groups of miRNAs which are regulated by the binding of GRB2. First, mature and precursor transcripts of mir-17~92 and mir-221 miRNAs are enhanced. Second, mature, but not precursor, let-7 family miRNAs are diminished suggesting that GRB2 directly affects loading of these miRNAs. Notably, the resulting loss of let-7 augments expression of oncogenic targets such as RAS. Thus, a new role for GRB2 is established with implications for cancer pathogenesis through regulation of miRNA biogenesis and oncogene expression.
Combining two genetic sexing strains allows sorting of non-transgenic males for Aedes genetic control
Authors: Lutrat Célia , Burckbuchler Myriam , Olmo Roenick Proveti , Beugnon Rémy , Fontaine Albin , Akbari Omar S. , Argilés-Herrero Rafael , Baldet Thierry , Bouyer Jérémy , Marois Eric 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChemical control of disease vectoring mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti is costly, unsustainable, and increasingly ineffective due to the spread of insecticide resistance. The Sterile Insect Technique is a valuable alternative but is limited by slow, error-prone, and wasteful sex-separation methods. Here, we present four Genetic Sexing Strains (two for each Aedes species) based on fluorescence markers linked to the m and M sex loci, allowing for the isolation of transgenic males. Furthermore, we demonstrate how combining these sexing strains enables the production of non-transgenic males. In a mass-rearing facility, 100,000 first instar male larvae could be sorted in under 1.5 h with an estimated 0.01–0.1% female contamination on a single machine. Cost-efficiency analyses revealed that using these strains could result in important savings while setting up and running a mass-rearing facility. Altogether, these Genetic Sexing Strains should enable a major upscaling in control programmes against these important vectors.
Organocatalytic enantioselective reaction of tertiary α-(7-indolyl)methanols with tryptamines
Authors: Yue Zhibin , Shen Boming , Cao Jie , Chen Xuling , Fang Fang , Li Pengfei , Yu Peiyuan , Li Wenjun 
Published: June 2023

With the aid of chiral phosphoric acid, enantioselective 1,6-addition of tryptamines to in situ formed alkynyl 7-methylene-7H-indoles from tertiary α-(7-indolyl)methanols has been established, furnishing axially chiral tetrasubstituted allenes in high yields.
Combination of MRO SHARAD and deep-learning-based DTM to search for subsurface features in Oxia Planum, Mars
Authors: Xiong Siting , Muller Jan-Peter , Tao Yu , Ding Chunyu , Zhang Bochen , Li Qingquan 
Published: June 2023

Context. Oxia Planum is a mid-latitude region on Mars that attracts a great amount of interest worldwide. An orbiting radar provides an effective way to probe the Martian subsurface and detect buried layers or geomorphological features. The Shallow radar orbital radar system on board the NASA Mars reconnaissance orbiter transmits pulsed signals towards the nadir and receives returned echoes from dielectric boundaries. However, radar clutter can be induced by a higher topography of the off-nadir region than that at the nadir, which is then manifested as subsurface reflectors in the radar image.
Aims. This study combines radar observations, terrain models, and surface images to investigate the subsurface features of the ExoMars landing site in Oxia Planum.
Methods. Possible subsurface features are observed in radargrams. Radar clutter is simulated using the terrain models, and these are then compared to radar observations to exclude clutter and identify possible subsurface return echoes. Finally, the dielectric constant is estimated with measurements in both radargrams and surface imagery.
Results. The resolution and quality of the terrain models greatly influence the clutter simulations. Higher resolution can produce finer cluttergrams, which assists in identifying possible subsurface features. One possible subsurface layering sequence is identified in one radargram.
Conclusions. A combination of radar observations, terrain models, and surface images reveals the dielectric constant of the surface deposit in Oxia Planum to be 4.9–8.8, indicating that the surface-covering material is made up of clay-bearing units in this region.
Deuterium fractionation across the infrared-dark cloud G034.77−00.55 interacting with the supernova remnant W44
Authors: Cosentino G. , Tan J. C. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Fontani F. , Caselli P. , Henshaw J. D. , Barnes A. T. , Law C.-Y. , Viti S. , Fedriani R. , Hsu C.-J. , Gorai P. , Zeng S. 
Published: June 2023

Context. Supernova remnants (SNRs) may regulate star formation in galaxies. For example, SNR-driven shocks may form new molecular gas or compress pre-existing clouds and trigger the formation of new stars.
Aims. To test this scenario, we measured the deuteration of N2H+, DfracN2H+ – a well-studied tracer of pre-stellar cores – across the infrared-dark cloud (IRDC) G034.77-00.55, which is known to be experiencing a shock interaction with the SNR W44.
Methods. We use N2H+ and N2D+J = 1−0 single pointing observations obtained with the 30m antenna at the Instituto de Radioas-tronomia Millimetrica to infer DfracN2H+ towards five positions across the cloud, namely a massive core, different regions across the shock front, a dense clump, an+d ambient gas.
Results. We find DfracN2H+ in the range 0.03−0.1, which is several orders of magnitude larger than the cosmic D/H ratio (~10−5). The DfracN2H+ across the shock front is enhanced by more than a factor of 2 (DfracN2H+ ~ 0.05 - 0.07) with respect to the ambient gas (≤0.03) and simila+r to that measured generally in pre-stellar cores. Indeed, in the massive core and dense clump regions of this IRDC we measure DfracN2H+ ~ 0.01.
Conclusions. We find enhanced deuteration of N2H+ across the region of the shock, that is, at a level that is enhanced with respect to regions of unperturbed gas. It is possible that this has been induced by shock compression, which would then be indirect evidence that the shock is triggering conditions for future star formation. However, since unperturbed dense regions also show elevated levels of deuteration, further, higher-resolution studies are needed to better understand the structure and kinematics of the deuterated material in the shock region; for example, to decipher whether it is still in a relatively diffuse form or is already organised in a population of low-mass pre-stellar cores.
Die Beteiligung von Patient*innen an der Entwicklung von
Leitlinien in der Klinischen Medizin. Ein selektiver Ländervergleich in
narrativer Übersicht
Authors: Kiese-Himmel Christiane 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Eine klinische Praxis-Leitlinie (LL) soll die Versorgung von
Patient*innen optimieren, indem sie auf Basis der besten
verfügbaren Forschungsergebnisse und praktischen Erfahrungen Diagnostik-
oder Behandlungspfade empfiehlt. Daher müssen auch Bedürfnisse
und Präferenzen von Patient*innen und deren Angehörigen
einfließen. Anhand eines selektiven Ländervergleichs werden
Regularien und Standards der Einbeziehung von Patient*innen in die
LL-Entwicklung untersucht.
Methode In Form eines narrativen Reviews werden Informationen aus
öffentlich zugänglichen Websites und
LL-Entwicklungshandbüchern aus dem Vereinigten Königreich (UK),
den USA, Kanada und Australien miteinander verglichen und diskutiert.
Ergebnisse Im UK sind in allen Gremien zur LL-Entwicklung und
während allen Stufen des Entwicklungsprozesses verbindlich mindestens
zwei Personen aus dem Kreis von Patient*innen oder der
Öffentlichkeit vorgeschrieben. Die National Academy of Medicine der USA
empfiehlt die aktive Teilnahme von Patient*innen mit
krankheitsspezifischen Erfahrungen sowie von Patientenvertreter*innen
aus der Öffentlichkeit an LL-Entwicklungsgruppen. Die Canadian Task
Force on Preventive Health Care möchte die Präferenzen von
Patient*innen vor allem bei der Entwicklung der endgültigen
LL-Empfehlungen und der Prüfung der Benutzerfreundlichkeit beteiligen.
In Australien erhalten LL die Zustimmung bzw. das Gütesiegel des
National Health and Medical Research Council, wenn mindestens ein*e
Patientenvertreter*in nachweisbar Mitglied des LL-Gremiums gewesen ist
und am gesamten Prozess der LL-Entwicklung beteiligt war.
Schlussfolgerung Der selektive Ländervergleich zeigt, dass die
Einbindung von Patient*innen bei der LL-Entwicklung bzw. deren
Verbindlichkeit stark variiert und es keine einheitlichen Standards
hierfür gibt. Viele Fragen der Einbindung sind ungeklärt, und es
wird besonderer Sensibilität bedürfen, um die Lebenswelt von
Patient*innen/Laien und medizinisches System gleichberechtigt
zusammenzuführen.
Considerations for Functional Nasal Surgery in the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Population
Authors: Coviello Caitlin , Sivam Sunthosh Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nasal obstruction are common in the general population and frequently treated by otolaryngologists and facial plastic surgeons. Understanding the appropriate pre-, peri-, and postoperative management of OSA patients undergoing functional nasal surgery is important. OSA patients should be appropriately counseled in the preoperative period on their increased anesthetic risk. In OSA patients who are continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) intolerant, the role of drug-induced sleep endoscopy should be discussed with the patient, and depending on the surgeon's practice may prompt referral to a sleep specialist. Should multilevel airway surgery be indicated, it can safely be performed in most OSA patients. Surgeons should communicate with the anesthesiologist regarding an airway plan given this patient population's higher propensity for having a difficult airway. Given their increased risk of postoperative respiratory depression, extended recovery time should be given to these patients and the use of opioids as well as sedatives should be minimized. During surgery, one can consider using local nerve blocks to reduce postoperative pain and analgesic use. After surgery, clinicians can consider opioid alternatives such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Neuropathic agents, such as gabapentin, require further research in their indications for managing postoperative pain. CPAP is typically held for a period of time after functional rhinoplasty. The decision on when to restart CPAP should be individualized to the patient based on their comorbidities, OSA severity, and surgical maneuvers performed. More research would provide further guidance in this patient population to shape more specific recommendations regarding their perioperative and intraoperative course.
Identification of Bacterial Isolates and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern from Wound/Pus Sample in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Gwalior, India
Authors: Rajput Kamini , Johri Sonia , Goyal Anju 
Published: June 2023

Objective
The goal of this investigation was to look at the frequency and dispersal of bacteria isolated from pus/wound, as well as their susceptibility patterns.

Materials and Methods
A study was conducted on 175 patients who provided pus and/or wound discharge samples in different wards (outpatient department or inpatient department). MacConkey agar and blood agar plates were immediately inoculated with samples and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The Gram stain and biochemical tests were used to identify all isolates after incubation. Kirby–Bauer's disc diffusion method was used to perform sensitivity tests on Mueller–Hinton agar plates.

Results
This study covered 175 patients, with a bacterial isolation rate of 102 (58.28%). Males outnumbered females in the samples (M:F = 1.8:1), with a median age of 45 years as majority were in the age group of 40 to 60 years which was 41 (40.20%). Total 90.1% samples showed monomicrobial infection, whereas 9.8% showed polymicrobial infection, and total 112 bacterial strains were isolated.

Conclusion
Escherichia coli was the most prevalent isolate in present investigation, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chloramphenicol is the only antibiotic which is effective for both gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. This report's susceptibility statistic may be worth considering for developing empiric treatment regimens for pyogenic infections.