bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal HIV Testing and Treatment With Patient-Centered Care Improves ART Uptake and Viral Suppression Among Adults Reporting Hazardous Alcohol Use in Uganda and Kenya
Authors: Puryear Sarah B. , Ayieko James , Hahn Judith A. , Mucunguzi Atukunda , Owaraganise Asiphas , Schwab Joshua , Balzer Laura B. , Kwarisiima Dalsone , Charlebois Edwin D. , Cohen Craig R. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Petersen Maya L. , Havlir Diane V. , Kamya Moses R. , Chamie Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

Objectives:
Determine whether patient-centered, streamlined HIV care achieves higher antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake and viral suppression than the standard treatment model for people with HIV (PWH) reporting hazardous alcohol use.

Design:
Community cluster-randomized trial.

Methods:
The Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health trial (NCT01864603) compared an intervention of annual population HIV testing, universal ART, and patient-centered care with a control of baseline population testing with ART by country standard in 32 Kenyan and Ugandan communities. Adults (15 years or older) completed a baseline Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) and were classified as no/nonhazardous (AUDIT-C 0–2 women/0–3 men) or hazardous alcohol use (≥3 women/≥4 men). We compared year 3 ART uptake and viral suppression of PWH reporting hazardous use between intervention and control arms. We compared alcohol use as a predictor of year 3 ART uptake and viral suppression among PWH, by arm.

Results:
Of 11,070 PWH with AUDIT-C measured, 1723 (16%) reported any alcohol use and 893 (8%) reported hazardous use. Among PWH reporting hazardous use, the intervention arm had higher ART uptake (96%) and suppression (87%) compared with control (74%, adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.38; and 72%, aRR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.31, respectively). Within arm, hazardous alcohol use predicted lower ART uptake in control (aRR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78 to 0.96), but not intervention (aRR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.04); use was not predictive of suppression in either arm.

Conclusions:
The Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health intervention improved ART uptake and viral suppression among PWH reporting hazardous alcohol use and eliminated gaps in ART uptake between PWH with hazardous and no/nonhazardous use. Patient-centered HIV care may decrease barriers to HIV care for PWH with hazardous alcohol use.
Brief Report: Trends in HIV Mortality in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Patterson Wendy , Rosenthal Mark , Rajulu Deepa T. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in the number of deaths among all populations, including people with diagnosed HIV (PWDH). The aim of this study was to analyze the top causes of death (COD) among PWDH before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, and a year later; to determine changes in the leading COD among PWDH; and to determine whether the historical trend of decreasing deaths related to HIV continued through the pandemic.

Methods:
To examine mortality among PWDH in New York State (NYS), records for PWDH who died from 2015 to 2021 were extracted from the NYS HIV registry and Vital Statistics Death Data.

Results:
The number of deaths among PWDH in NYS increased 32% from 2019 to 2020 and continued in 2021. COVID-19 was one of the most common underlying COD among PWDH in 2020. In 2021, COVID-19–related deaths decreased while HIV and diseases of the circulatory system remained the top COD. HIV listed as either the underlying or contributing COD showed a consistent downward trend in the percentage of HIV-related deaths among PWDH, from 45% in 2015 to 32% in 2021.

Conclusions:
There was a large increase in deaths among PWDH in 2020, with a substantial percentage related to COVID-19. However, even with the introduction of COVID-19 in 2020, the percentage of deaths related to HIV—one of the goals of the Ending the Epidemic Initiative in NYS—continued to decrease.
Real-Time Identification of Nodal Metastases With 99mTc–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–Based Radioguidance and Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in Primary Prostate Cancer Surgery—On the Road to Hybrid Image-Guided Surgery
Authors: de Barros Hilda A. , van Oosterom Matthias N. , van Leeuwen Fijs W.B. , van der Poel Henk G. , van Leeuwen Pim J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Recent developments in image-guided prostate cancer surgery focus on extending prostate-specific membrane antigen–directed radioguidance with optical tumor detection using fluorescence, as radio- and fluorescence signals complement each other with in-depth detection and real-time visualization, respectively. As a step in this direction, we report here the integration of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging into a 99mTc–prostate-specific membrane antigen–targeted radioguided surgery workflow.
Peritoneal and Nodal Gliomatosis Mimicking Metastasis on FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Ovarian Immature Teratoma
Authors: Lee Sang Mi , Choi Min Chul , Lee Jeong Won , Kim Taehoen , Jang Su Jin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Peritoneal and nodal gliomatosis is a rare disease condition characterized by implants of mature glial tissue on the peritoneum and lymph nodes. It is typically associated with teratoma and has no adverse effect on prognosis. We present a case of 22-year-old woman who underwent FDG PET/CT for the staging of ovarian immature teratoma. PET/CT revealed mildly increased FDG uptake in the peritoneal cavity and increased FDG uptake in the internal mammary and cardiophrenic angle lymph nodes, which were histopathologically diagnosed as peritoneal and nodal gliomatosis. This case suggests that PET/CT findings of peritoneal and nodal gliomatosis could mimic metastasis.
Generalized Muscular Uptake of 99mTc-MDP on Bone Scan in a Patient With Scleromyxedema-Associated Myopathy
Authors: Chen Jinzhi , Zhang Xi , Li Qian , Liu Meng , Fu Zhanli 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A 62-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of progressive myasthenia, myalgia, and skin changes. Upon laboratory testing, elevated serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as monoclonal immunoglobulin Gκ, were observed. A bone scan revealed generalized muscular uptake of 99mTc-MDP, whereas 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated only mild hypermetabolism of the muscles. A muscle biopsy showed myofibrillary vacuolar degeneration, and a skin biopsy indicated scleromyxedema. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with scleromyxedema-associated myopathy.
Primary Hepatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT Images
Authors: Jiang Yang , Lu Qingqing , Lou Cen , Huang Zhongke 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor is an extremely rare type of liver tumor with an unknown origin and poor prognosis and usually lacking specific symptoms. This makes it difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. We report the case of a 56-year-old man with primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor demonstrating multiple heterogeneous lesions with intense FDG uptake in the liver on PET/CT mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma or sarcoma. Primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor should be considered among the differential diagnoses when multiple FDG-avid primary liver neoplasms are found in patients with malignant characteristic on PET/CT imaging.
CXCL4-induced PBMCs Modulate Vascular Extracellular Matrix through Wnt5a-CaMKII-dependent Release of Calcific Extracellular Vesicles and Matrix Metalloproteinase-7
Authors: Krohn Jona B. , Sicklinger Florian , Spieler Anja , Dihlmann Susanne , Gleissner Christian A. , Katus Hugo A. , Frey Norbert , Leuschner Florian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMacrophage heterogeneity plays an increasing role in the study of vascular inflammatory responses. The CXCL4-induced monocyte/macrophage phenotype has previously been implicated with atherosclerotic plaque destabilization, a key process preceding plaque rupture. Monocyte-derived macrophages were found to exhibit a unique transcriptome in the presence of CXCL4 characterized by upregulation of S100A8 and MMP7. However, the mechanisms involved in CXCL4-induced monocyte-mediated vascular inflammation are unknown.MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing data were examined for CXCL4-dependent gene expression signatures in plaque macrophages. Human PBMCs were differentiated with CXCL4 and subsequently characterized in terms of osteogenic gene and protein expression signatures and calcific extracellular vesicle release. Association of the CXCL4-induced phenotype with the Wnt pathway was investigated, and CXCL4-induced PBMC-derived EV were analyzed for their potential to elicit an inflammatory response in vSMC. In-vitro findings were verified histologically in calcified human carotid artery plaques.ResultsIn human plaque macrophages, single-cell sequencing revealed a CXCL4-susceptible subpopulation bearing a distinct proinflammatory gene expression profile. CXCL4-differentiated PBMCs exhibited a marked induction of S100A8, MMP7 and osteogenic marker transcription concomitant with augmented release of calcific EVs enriched with MMP7, S100A8 and alkaline phosphatase. Under osteogenic conditions, increased overt calcification of the extracellular matrix was observedin vitro. Analysis of inflammatory pathway activation identified the paracrine Wnt5a-CaMKII signaling axis to be causally linked to the CXCL4-induced osteogenic PBMC phenotype, S100A8 and MMP7 enrichment as well as calcific potential of secreted EV. Additionally, CXCL4-polarized PBMC-derived EV differentially stimulated osteogenic/inflammatory genotype transition in vSMC. In human carotid artery plaques, occurrence of CXCL4-induced mononuclear cells coincided with Wnt5a-CaMKII pathway activation and progressive plaque calcification.ConclusionsThis study introduces a novel mechanism driving monocyte/macrophage-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling in calcific inflammatory responses through Wnt5a-CaMKII-activated secretion of MMP7+S100A8+calcifying EV by CXCL4-induced pro-inflammatory monocytes.Graphical Abstract
Targeted Sequencing of the 9p21.3 Region Reveals Association with Reduced Disease risks in Ashkenazi Jewish Centenarians
Authors: Zhu Yizhou , Ryu Seungjin , Tare Archana , Barzilai Nir , Atzmon Gil , Suh Yousin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have pinpointed the chromosomal locus 9p21.3 as a genetic hotspot for various age-related disorders. Common genetic variants in this locus are linked to multiple traits, including coronary artery diseases, cancers, and diabetes. Centenarians are known for their reduced risk and delayed onset of these conditions. To investigate whether this evasion of disease risks involves diminished genetic risks in the 9p21.3 locus, we sequenced this region in an Ashkenazi Jewish centenarian cohort (centenarians: n=450, healthy controls: n=500). Risk alleles associated with cancers, glaucoma, CAD, and T2D showed a significant depletion in centenarians. Furthermore, the risk- and non-risk genotypes are linked to two distinct low-frequency variant profiles, enriched in controls and centenarians, respectively. Our findings provide evidence that the extreme longevity cohort is associated with collectively lower risks of multiple age-related diseases in the 9p21.3 locus.
TARANIS interacts with VRILLE and PDP1 to modulate the circadian transcriptional feedback mechanism inDrosophila
Authors: Akpoghiran Oghenerukevwe , Afonso Dinis J.S. , Zhang Yanan , Koh Kyunghee 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe molecular clock that generates daily rhythms of behavior and physiology consists of interlocked transcription-translation feedback loops. InDrosophila, the primary feedback loop involving the CLOCK-CYCLE transcriptional activators and the PERIOD-TIMELESS transcriptional repressors is interlocked with a secondary loop involving VRILLE (VRI) and PAR DOMAIN PROTEIN 1 (PDP1), a repressor and activator ofClocktranscription, respectively. Whereas extensive studies have found numerous transcriptional, translational, and post-translational modulators of the primary loop, relatively little is known about the secondary loop. In this study, using male and female flies as well as cultured cells, we demonstrate that TARANIS (TARA), aDrosophilahomolog of the TRIP-Br/SERTAD family of transcriptional coregulators, functions with VRI and PDP1 to modulate the circadian period and rhythm strength. Knocking downtarareduces rhythm amplitude and can shorten the period length, while overexpressing TARA lengthens the circadian period. Additionally,taramutants exhibit reduced rhythmicity and lower expression of the PDF neuropeptide. We find that TARA can form a physical complex with VRI and PDP1, enhancing their repressor and activator functions, respectively. The conserved SERTA domain of TARA is required to regulate the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1, and its deletion leads to reduced locomotor rhythmicity. Consistent with TARA’s role in enhancing VRI and PDP1 activity, overexpressingtarahas a similar effect on the circadian period and rhythm strength as simultaneously overexpressingvriandPdp1. Together, our results suggest that TARA modulates circadian behavior by enhancing the transcriptional activity of VRI and PDP1.Statement of SignificanceInternal molecular clocks generating circadian rhythms of around 24 hours broadly impact behavior and physiology, and circadian dysfunction is associated with various neurological and metabolic diseases. TheDrosophilacircadian clock is a valuable model for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying daily rhythms as many components of the clock are highly conserved. In this study, we identify a conserved gene,taranis, as a novel regulator of theDrosophilamolecular clock. We show that TARANIS modulates circadian behavior by physically interacting with and enhancing the transcriptional activity of clock proteins VRILLE and PDP1. Since mammalian homologs of VRILLE and PDP1 also function in the molecular clock, our results have implications for understanding the mammalian circadian clock.
Neuronal Synchrony and Critical Bistability: Mechanistic Biomarkers for Localizing the Epileptogenic Network
Authors: Wang Sheng H , Arnulfo Gabriele , Nobili Lino , Myrov Vladislav , Ferrari Paul , Ciuciu Philippe , Palva Satu , Palva J Matias 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivePost-surgical seizure freedom in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients varies from 30 to 80%, implying that in many cases the current approaches fail to fully map the epileptogenic zone (EZ). This suggests that the EZ entails a broader epileptogenic brain network (EpiNet) beyond the seizure-zone (SZ) that show seizure activity.MethodsWe first used computational modeling to identify putative complex-systems- and systems-neuroscience-driven mechanistic biomarkers for epileptogenicity. We then extracted these epileptogenicity biomarkers from stereo-EEG (SEEG) resting-state data from DRE patients and trained supervised classifiers to localize the SZ with these biomarkers against gold-standard clinical localization. To further explore the prevalence of these pathological biomarkers in an extended network outside of the clinically-identified SZ, we also used unsupervised classification.ResultsSupervised SZ-classification trained on individual features achieved accuracies of 0.6–0.7 areaunder-the-receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC). However, combining all criticality and synchrony features improved the AUC up to 0.85.Unsupervised classification uncovered an EpiNet-like cluster of brain regions with 51% of regions outside of SZ. Brain regions in this cluster engaged in inter-areal hypersynchrony and locally exhibited high amplitude bistability and excessive inhibition, which was strikingly similar to the high seizure-risk regime revealed by computational modeling.SignificanceThe finding that combining biomarkers improves EZ localization shows that the different mechanistic biomarkers of epileptogenicity assessed here yield synergistic information. On the other hand, the discovery of SZ-like pathophysiological brain dynamics outside of the clinically-defined EZ provides experimental localization of an extended EpiNet.Key pointsWe advanced novel complex-systems- and systems-neuroscience-driven biomarkers for epileptogenicityIncreased bistability, inhibition, and power-low scaling exponents characterized our model operating in a high seizure-risk regime and SEEG oscillations in the seizure-zone (SZ)Combining all biomarkers yielded more accurate supervised SZ-classification than using any individual biomarker aloneUnsupervised classification revealed more extended pathological brain networks including the SZ and many non-seizure-zone areas that were previously considered healthy
Microplastics clog reproduction in a monkeyflower species
Authors: Carvallo Gastón O. , Muñoz-Michea Valeska 
Published: May 2023

SummaryPlastic debris is a widespread and significant marker of global change, found in all ecosystems and overpassing the total animal biomass on the whole planet. Despite its ubiquity, our knowledge of its potential effects on terrestrial organisms and ecological processes is still limited.Recently, a study showed that honey beeApis melliferatransport microplastics (MP; plastic fragments <5 mm) that are added to their bodies. Additionally, a report showed that MP has the potential to reach plant ovules. These findings suggest that pollinators may inadvertently deposit MP on flower stigmas, which could impact the reproductive output of plants.We assessed whether small polypropylene fragments (<63 μm) deposited on the stigmas decrease pollen tube development, seed production, seed mass, and germination in the Andean-yellow monkeyflowerErythranthe lutea(Phrymaceae).Using a mix of hand-pollination treatments and ultrastructure observation, we showed that the MP deposit has a negative impact on seed production and the number of pollen tubes that reached ovaries. However, mass per seed and germination of the resulting seeds were not affected.Our findings warn about the deleterious effects of synthetic plastic on a critical ecosystem process, pollination, and suggest that MP could have significant consequences for angiosperms and crop production.
A Wireless Optoelectronic Probe Monitors Tissue Oxygenation in the Deep Brain
Authors: Cai Xue , Zhang Haijian , Wei Penghu , Liu Quanlei , Sheng Dawid , Li Zhen , Zhao Wenxin , Ye Zhongyin , Xue Zhao , Xie Yang , Dai Yang , Wang Changming , Wang Yuqi , Fu Xin , Zhang Bozhen , Yin Lan , Peng Hongshang , Ding He , Zhao Guoguang , Sheng Xing 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTReal-time detection of tissue oxygenation in the nervous system is crucial for neuroscience exploration and clinical diagnostics. Compared to blood oxygenation, the partial pressure of oxygen in brain tissue (PbtO2) possesses more direct relevance to local neural activities and metabolic conditions. In this paper, we present an implantable optoelectronic probe that wirelessly and continuously monitors PbtO2signals in the deep brain of living animals. The thin-film, microscale implant integrates a light-emitting diode and a photodetector coated with oxygen sensitive dyes. Powered by a battery or an inductive coil, a miniaturized circuit is capable of recording and wirelessly transmitting PbtO2signals, which allows for simultaneous monitoring of PbtO2levels in multiple freely moving rodents. The wireless micro-probe captures cerebral hypoxia states of mice in various scenarios, including altered inspired oxygen concentration, acute ischemia. Particularly, in mouse models with seizures, the micro-probe associates temporal PbtO2variations in multiple brain regions with electrical stimulations imposed in the hippocampus. These materials and device strategies overcome the limits of existing oxygen sensing approaches and provide important insights into neurometabolic coupling.
Metabolite Profiling and Cytotoxic Investigation ofSenecio biafraeOliv. & Hiern (Compositae) on Nauplii Brine Shrimps and Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Akinola Funke Toyin , Oriyomi Olumayowa Vincent , Ogundele Seun Bayonle , Adekola Mukaila Babatunde , Agbedahunsi Morounfolu Joseph , Babalola Olusegun Olubunmi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe study investigated the cytoactivities of methanolic leaf extract (MLE) and fractions ofSenecio biafrae, profiled, and elucidated their metabolites. Hydromethanolic extract ofS. biafraeobtained by maceration was partitioned and subjected to cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and prostate cancer cell (PC3) lines. The bioactive principles of most active fractions were profiled using GC-MS. The dichloromethane fraction (DMF) was purified using column and high-performance liquid chromatography to afford compounds 1 and 2 identified by 1H and 13C, DEPT-90, DEPT-135, COSY, NOESY and EIMS spectra. The MLE and its fractions exhibited good toxicity on nauplii brine shrimp. The HF exhibited a pronounced cytoactivity on PC-3 cell line with 92.8% followed by DMF. The GC-MS profiling of HF and DMF identified 17 and 6 constituents respectively comprising saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, diterpenoidal alcohol, phytol and aromatic compounds. Hexadecanoic acid, cis, cis, cis-9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, and phytol accounted for the highest percentage of the constituents in both fractions. Structure elucidation confirmed compounds 1 and 2 as stigmasterol and ergosterol with cytoactivity which compared favourably with doxorubicin. The study revealed thatS.biafraecontains cytotoconstituents evidenced by proliferation inhibition of HeLa and PC-3 cell lines. The cyto-activities and bioconstituents indicate thatS.biafraehas the potential to be considered as a candidate for drug development in the management of cancer-related conditions. Further investigation into the specific bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action could provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential ofS.biafraein cancer treatment.
Similarity and dissimilarity in alteration of gene expression profile associated with inhalational anesthesia between sevoflurane and desflurane
Authors: Nogi Takehiro , Uranishi Kousuke , Suzuki Ayumu , Hirasaki Masataka , Nakamura Tina , Kazama Tomiei , Nagasaka Hiroshi , Okuda Akihiko , Mieda Tsutomu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough sevoflurane is the most commonly used inhalational anesthetic agent, the popularity of desflurane is increasing to a similar level. The main beneficial property of desflurane is the relatively fast emergence of the patient from the anesthetic state after halting its supply compared with anesthesia using other anesthetic agents. However, there has been no comprehensive comparison of the effects of these two anesthetic agents on alterations in liver gene expression profiles in animals, including humans, to assess the levels of hepatotoxicity that is induced at least in some extent by inhalational anesthesia. Thus, we compared alterations in the global gene expression profiles in the livers of rats subjected to inhalational anesthesia by sevoflurane or desflurane by a next-generation sequencing method. Our data revealed that both anesthetic agents significantly activated a similar set of genes including those related to drug metabolism and circadian rhythm. Furthermore, many genes downregulated by sevoflurane were also downregulated by desflurane. However, many of the genes related to the cholesterol biosynthetic process were specifically repressed by sevoflurane, but not by desflurane.