bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An EWMA mean chart with auxiliary information
Authors: Haq Abdul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we show that a recently proposed auxiliary information‐based (AIB) adaptive EWMA (AE) chart is sensitive (not robust) to the changes in the mean of an auxiliary variable when monitoring the changes in the mean of a quality variable, called the AIB‐AE chart. To circumvent the weakness of the AIB‐AE chart, we develop a new AIB estimator for the mean of a quality variable that is slightly robust to the changes in the mean of an auxiliary variable. Based on this newly developed estimator, a new AIB EWMA (AIB‐E) chart is proposed for monitoring the mean of a quality variable. The zero‐state and steady‐state average run‐length profiles of the AIB‐AE and AIB‐E charts are estimated with Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that the AIB‐E chart is not only slightly robust to the changes in the mean of an auxiliary variable, but it also outperforms the AIB‐AE chart when detecting small shifts in the mean of a quality variable. Illustrative examples are also included in this study to demonstrate the implementation of the existing and proposed AIB charts.
Quantifying floodplain heterogeneity with field observation, remote sensing, and landscape ecology: Methods and metrics
Authors: Iskin Emily P. , Wohl Ellen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFloodplains provide numerous ecosystem services that depend on the spatial heterogeneity, or patchiness, of the floodplain. Direct and indirect human alterations of rivers can reduce floodplain heterogeneity and function, but relatively little is known of patterns of floodplain heterogeneity in natural, fully functional floodplains. We quantify floodplain heterogeneity at four sites in the United States with the objectives of (i) developing a method of combining field measurements and remote sensing data products to calculate integrative landscape‐scale metrics of floodplain spatial heterogeneity and (ii) demonstrating which metrics from landscape ecology are likely to be useful for identifying qualities of natural floodplains, differentiating floodplains, and inferring processes, based on a case study of three prairie floodplains and one beaver‐modified floodplain in the continental United States. We developed a new unsupervised classification workflow that combines field data, topography, and Sentinel‐2A imagery to create classified floodplains for all four field sites that could be used to calculate heterogeneity metrics. We identified six heterogeneity metrics for characterizing natural floodplain heterogeneity: aggregation index, interspersion and juxtaposition index, largest patch index, patch density, percentage of like adjacencies, and Shannon's evenness index, and these metrics capture both intermetric (variation in spatial heterogeneity between the floodplains) and intrametric variation (variation in the patterns of the metrics). Results show that natural floodplains have high evenness and interspersion and juxtaposition of classes, and we attribute this to natural flow and sediment regimes driving channel migration, erosion, deposition, vegetation succession, and active beaver modifications. Colorado floodplains show higher aggregation and lower fragmentation than the Oklahoma floodplain. We attribute this to the greater incision and lower hydrologic variability at the Oklahoma site.
Large wood loads in an urban stream: The role of recruitment limitation versus transport dominance
Authors: Sigdel Rajesh , Praskievicz Sarah , Royall Dan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLarge wood (LW) has important physical and ecological functions in streams. Riparian vegetation is extensively removed during urban expansion, and urban streams may experience enhanced fluvial transport of LW due to flashy hydrology. In this study, LW loads were assessed for three reaches on North Buffalo Creek, an urban stream located in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. These three reaches have similar hydrology but different riparian vegetation densities. We measured the frequencies and sizes of both in‐channel LW and riparian vegetation across the three reaches. Our results showed that the recently reforested reach had greater LW volume (22.5 m3/km) compared to the unmanaged forested site (16 m3/km) and the site with low riparian vegetation density (4.78 m3/km). The difference in LW frequency among reaches was statistically significant (). However, the difference in the volume of individual pieces was not significantly different across reaches (, indicating that a similar size of wood is recruited across the three sites. Our findings also showed that there is a positive relationship between riparian vegetation frequency and in‐channel LW frequency, which are significantly related as a power function. Spatial lag models (integrating upstream riparian trees) did not show better results compared to a non‐lagged model, suggesting that storage and recruitment were predominantly local and that the LW distribution at our reaches is limited by recruitment rather than dominated by fluvial transport. Our findings suggested that a fully forested watershed is not needed to provide some of the benefits of wood to urban streams.
The number of perfect matchings, and the nesting properties, of random regular graphs
Authors: Gao Pu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe prove that the number of perfect matchings in is asymptotically normal when is even, as , and . This is the first distributional result of spanning subgraphs of when . Moreover, we prove that and can be coupled so that is a subgraph of with high probability when and . Furthermore, if , , and then and can be coupled so that asymptotically almost surely (a.a.s.) is a subgraph of .
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of High‐Performance, Dissipationless Desalination across Self‐Assembled Amyloid Beta Nanotubes
Authors: Liu Yu‐Cheng , Yang Dah‐Yen , Deng Jin‐Pei , Sheu Sheh‐Yi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractClimate change is causing droughts and water shortages. Membrane desalination is one of the most widely employed conventional methods of creating a source of clean water, but is a very energy‐intensive process. Membrane separation requires high salt selectivity across nano‐channels, yet traditional techniques remain inefficient in this regard. Herein, a bioinspired, chemically robust, amyloid–fibril‐based nanotube is designed, exhibiting water permeability and salt rejection properties capable of providing highly efficient desalination. Molecular dynamics simulations show that nano‐dewetting facilitates the unidirectional motion of water molecules on the surface of amyloid beta (Aβ) sheets owing to the ratchet structure of the underlying potential surface and the broken detailed balance. The water inside the self‐assembled Aβ nanotube (ABNT) overflows, while the passage of salts can be blocked using amphiphilic peptides. The designed nanofilter ABNT shows 100% desalination efficiency with perfect NaCl rejection. The production of ≈2.5 tons of pure water per day without any energy input, which corresponds to a water flux up to 200 times higher than those of existing commercial methods, is assessed by this simulation method. These results provide a detailed fundamental understanding of potential high‐performance nanotechnologies for water treatment.
Local Electric Field Induced by Atomic‐Level Donor–Acceptor Couple of O Vacancies and Mn Atoms Enables Efficient Hybrid Capacitive Deionization
Authors: Fu Zhenzhen , Wang Dewei , Yao Yebo , Gao Xueying , Liu Xia , Wang Shiyu , Yao Shuyun , Wang Xiaoxuan , Chi Xinyue , Zhang Kaixin , Xiong Yuanyuan , Wang Jinrui , Hou Zishan , Yang Zhiyu , Yan Yi‐Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransition metal oxides suffer from slow salt removal rate (SRR) due to inferior ions diffusion ability in hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI). Local electric field (LEF) can efficiently improve the ions diffusion kinetics in thin electrodes for electrochemical energy storage. Nevertheless, it is still a challenge to facilitate the ions diffusion in bulk electrodes with high loading mass for HCDI. Herein, this work delicately constructs a LEF via engineering atomic‐level donor (O vacancies)–acceptor (Mn atoms) couples, which significantly facilitates the ions diffusion and then enables a high‐performance HCDI. The LEF boosts an extended accelerated ions diffusion channel at the particle surface and interparticle space, resulting in both remarkably enhanced SRR and salt removal capacity. Convincingly, the theoretical calculations demonstrate that electron‐enriched Mn atoms center coupled with an electron‐depleted O vacancies center is formed due to the electron back‐donation from O vacancies to adjacent Mn centers. The resulted LEF efficiently reduce the ions diffusion energy barrier. This work sheds light on the effect of atomic‐level LEF on improving ions diffusion kinetics at high loading mass application and paves the way for the design of transition metal oxides toward high‐performance HCDI applications.
Apoptotic Vesicles Regulate Bone Metabolism via the miR1324/SNX14/SMAD1/5 Signaling Axis
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Yang Kunkun , Cheng Yawen , Liu Yaoshan , Gu Ranli , Liu Xuenan , Liu Hao , Zhang Xiao , Liu Yunsong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in the treatment of diseases. After their in vivo application, MSCs undergo apoptosis and release apoptotic vesicles (apoVs). This study investigates the role of apoVs derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) in bone metabolism and the molecular mechanism of the observed effects. The results show that apoVs can promote osteogenesis and inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo. ApoVs may therefore attenuate the bone loss caused by primary and secondary osteoporosis and stimulate bone regeneration in areas of bone defect. The mechanisms responsible for apoV‐induced bone regeneration include the release of miR1324, which inhibit expression of the target gene Sorting Nexin 14 (SNX14) and thus activate the SMAD1/5 pathway in target cells. Given that MSC‐derived apoVs are easily obtained and stored, with low risks of immunological rejection and neoplastic transformation, The findings suggest a novel therapeutic strategy to treat bone loss, including via cell‐free approaches to bone tissue engineering.
Doping Strategies for Promising Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskites
Authors: Jin Run‐Jun , Lou Yan‐Hui , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskites (OIHPs) obtained tremendous attention due to their low cost and excellent properties. However, the stability and toxicity of Pb‐based OIHPs (POIHPs), as well as the weakness of efficiency and stability in Sn‐based OIHPs (SOIHPs), are still serious issues for commercial application. Notably, composition engineering is an effective and direct strategy for improving these issues along with the control and modification of properties. Recently, the doping strategies for POIHPs and SOIHPs are booming. Based on the relationship between properties and composition, the doping strategies for POIHPs and SOIHPs, aiming to provide a comprehensive review and guidance for the research are systematically summarized. Moreover, the doping strategies for Pb–Sn mixed OIHPs are also discussed. Finally, a brief perspective and conclusion toward future possible doping schemes and properties designment of POIHPs and SOIHPs are offered.
Diffusion Analysis of NAnoscopic Ensembles: A Tracking‐Free Diffusivity Analysis for NAnoscopic Ensembles in Biological Samples and Nanotechnology
Authors: Wolf Alexander , Volz‐Rakebrand Pierre , Balke Jens , Alexiev Ulrike 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of microscopic techniques over the past decades enables the establishment of single molecule fluorescence imaging as a powerful tool in biological and biomedical sciences. Single molecule fluorescence imaging allows to study the chemical, physicochemical, and biological properties of target molecules or particles by tracking their molecular position in the biological environment and determining their dynamic behavior. However, the precise determination of particle distribution and diffusivities is often challenging due to high molecule/particle densities, fast diffusion, and photobleaching/blinking of the fluorophore. A novel, accurate, and fast statistical analysis tool, Diffusion Analysis of NAnoscopic Ensembles (DANAE), that solves all these obstacles is introduced. DANAE requires no approximations or any a priori input regarding unknown system‐inherent parameters, such as background distributions; a requirement that is vitally important when studying the behavior of molecules/particles in living cells. The superiority of DANAE with various data from simulations is demonstrated. As experimental applications of DANAE, membrane receptor diffusion in its natural membrane environment, and cargo mobility/distribution within nanostructured lipid nanoparticles are presented. Finally, the method is extended to two‐color channel fluorescence microscopy.
Operando Forming of Lattice Vacancy Defect in Ultrathin Crumpled NiVW‐Layered Metal Hydroxides Nanosheets for Valorization of Biomass
Authors: Zhang Baolong , Yang Zhaohui , Yan Chuanyu , Xue Zhimin , Mu Tiancheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe 2D layered metal hydroxides (LMHs) have been developed for electrooxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In this work, an effective strategy is proposed to tailor the electronic structure of active sites at the atomic level, which is by introducing defects into the lattice structure. As an example, a series of ultrathin crumpled ternary NiVW‐LMH electrocatalysts with abundant lattice vacancies (denoted as NiVWv‐LMH) are prepared in this way. The introduction of tungsten (W) endows the catalyst with a special crumpled structure, which promotes the generation of lattice vacancies and thus exposes more unsaturated Ni activity sites. The NiVWv‐LMH displays superb performance in the electrooxidation of HMF. The Tafel slope for electrodehydrogenation of Ni2+OH bond to Ni(OH)O species is 12.04 mV dec−1. The current density at 1.43 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) toward the oxidation reaction of HMF reaches about 193 mA cm−2, which is better than most of the common electrocatalysts, with an 5.37‐fold improvement compared with Ni(OH)2 electrode. The preparation strategy demonstrates in this work can be useful for developing highly efficient electrocatalysts.
Differential analysis of the NBC algorithm based on mixed integer linear programming model
Authors: Zhang Lan , Yu Bin , He Liangsheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper mainly studies mixed integer linear programming (MILP)‐based cryptanalysis on round‐reduced NBC algorithm with generalized Feistel structure. First, each component of the algorithm is equivalently described by linear inequality equations, and the propagation rules of differential characteristics and linear approximation are described, and an automatic search algorithm model of differential mode and linear mask mode based on MILP is established, and the minimum number of active S‐boxes and the corresponding differential mode and linear mask mode paths are obtained. Second, according to the NBC algorithm's 16‐bit block pull‐wire position permutation characteristics, the optimal full diffusion rounds of NBC‐128 algorithm and NBC‐256 algorithm are obtained by using approximate matrix multiplication theory to be six and eight respectively. Finally, based on the optimal number of full diffusion rounds of the algorithm, an automatic search algorithm model of impossible differential cryptanalysis is established, and the set of input differential patterns is traversed to obtain 11‐round impossible differential distinguishers of NBC‐128 algorithm and 14‐round impossible differential distinguishers of NBC‐256 algorithm respectively.
Smart management of combined sewer overflows: From an ancient technology to artificial intelligence
Authors: Saddiqi M. Matin , Zhao Wanqing , Cotterill Sarah , Dereli Recep Kaan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSewer systems are an essential part of sanitation infrastructure for protecting human and ecosystem health. Initially, they were used to solely convey stormwater, but over time municipal sewage was discharged to these conduits and transformed them into combined sewer systems (CSS). Due to climate change and rapid urbanization, these systems are no longer sufficient and overflow in wet weather conditions. Mechanistic and data‐driven models have been frequently used in research on combined sewer overflow (CSO) management integrating low‐impact development and gray‐green infrastructures. Recent advances in measurement, communication, and computation technologies have simplified data collection methods. As a result, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), geographic information system, and remote sensing can be integrated into CSO and stormwater management as a part of the smart city and digital twin concepts to build climate‐resilient infrastructures and services. Therefore, smart management of CSS is now both technically and economically feasible to tackle the challenges ahead. This review article explores CSO characteristics and associated impact on receiving waterbodies, evaluates suitable models for CSO management, and presents studies including above‐mentioned technologies in the context of smart CSO and stormwater management. Although integration of all these technologies has a big potential, further research is required to achieve AI‐controlled CSS for robust and agile CSO mitigation.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Combined effects of surface roughness and physically adsorbed layer in hydrodynamic journal bearing with multiscale approach
Authors: Gu Kaicheng , Zhang Yongbin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNumerical calculations were made for the film pressure and carried load of the hydrodynamic journal bearing with very large eccentricity ratios, that is, very low clearances when the combined effects of surface roughness and physically adsorbed layer were considered. The shaft was rotating with perfectly smooth surface, and the sleeve was stationary with the nanoscale sinusoidal surface roughness. The fluid piezo‐viscous effect was also incorporated. Owing to the coexistence of the nanoscale adsorbed layer and the macroscopic intermediate continuum fluid film, the multiscale approach was used to simultaneously solve this sandwich film lubrication problem. It was found that owing to low bearing clearances the effect of the adsorbed layer normally very significantly increases the lubricant film pressure, depending on the fluid‐bearing surface interaction; While at the same time both the surface roughness effect and the fluid piezo‐viscous effect are particularly significant compared to those classically calculated, owing to the local more severe film squeezing and the resulting local higher pressures. By considering the effect of the adsorbed layer, the surface roughness more significantly increases the load‐carrying capacity of the journal bearing for very large eccentricity ratios, especially for a strong fluid‐bearing surface interaction. It is suggested that in modeling the hydrodynamic journal bearing for large eccentricity ratios, the combined effects of the surface roughness, physically adsorbed layer and fluid piezo‐viscous property should be considered.
Ethical Aspects of Computational Modelling in Science, Decision Support and Communication
Authors: Füchslin Rudolf Marcel , Ambühl Jacques , Faggian Alessia , Fellermann Harold M. , Flumini Dandolo , Geller Armando , Hanczyc Martin M. , Klinkert Andreas , Krütli Pius , Matuttis Hans-Georg , Ott Thomas , Scheidegger Stephan , Schmid Gary Bruno , Smieszek Timo , Schneider Johannes J. , Steiner Albert , Weyland Mathias S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe development of data science, the increase of computational power, the availability of the internet infrastructure for data exchange and the urgency for an understanding of complex systems require a responsible and ethical use of computational models in science, communication and decision-making. Starting with a discussion of the width of different purposes of computational models, we first investigate the process of model construction as an interplay of theory and experimentation. We emphasise the different aspects of the tension between model variables and experimentally measurable observables. The resolution of this tension is a prerequisite for the responsible use of models and an instrumental part of using models in the scientific processes. We then discuss the impact of models and the responsibility that results from the fact that models support and may also guide experimentation. Further, we investigate the difference between computational modelling in an interdisciplinary science project and computational models as tools in transdisciplinary decision support. We regard the communication of model structures and modelling results as essential; however, this communication cannot happen in a technical manner, but model structures and modelling results must be translated into a “narrative.” We discuss the role of concepts from disciplines such as literary theory, communication science, and cultural studies and the potential gains that a broader approach can obtain. Considering concepts from the liberal arts, we conclude that there is, besides the responsibility of the model author, also a responsibility of the user/reader of the modelling results.
Exploring the Three-Dimensional Arrangement of Droplets
Authors: Schneider Johannes Josef , Weyland Mathias Sebastian , Flumini Dandolo , Füchslin Rudolf Marcel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present some work in progress on the development of a probabilistic chemical compiler, being able to make a plan of how to create a three-dimensional agglomeration of artificial hierarchical cellular constructs. Such programmable discrete units offer a wide variety of technical innovations, like a portable biochemical laboratory being able to produce macromolecular medicine on demand. This paper focuses on one specific issue of developing such a compiler, namely the problem of first studying and then predicting the spatial transition from an originally one-dimensional lineup of droplets into a three-dimensional, almost spherical arrangement, in which the droplets form a network via bilayers connecting them and in which they are contained within some outer hull. The network created by the bilayers allows the droplets to communicate with their neighbors and to exchange chemicals contained within them, thus enabling a complex successive biochemical reaction scheme.
Barren plateaus from learning scramblers with local cost functions
Authors: Garcia Roy J. , Zhao Chen , Bu Kaifeng , Jaffe Arthur 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The existence of barren plateaus has recently revealed new training challenges in quantum machine learning (QML). Uncovering the mechanisms behind barren plateaus is essential in understanding the scope of problems that QML can efficiently tackle. Barren plateaus have recently been shown to exist when learning global properties of random unitaries, which is relevant when learning black hole dynamics. Establishing whether local cost functions can circumvent these barren plateaus is pertinent if we hope to apply QML to quantum many-body systems. We prove a no-go theorem showing that local cost functions encounter barren plateaus in learning random unitary properties.