bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison ofMRIandCT‐Based Radiomics and Their Combination for Early Identification of Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Hui‐ling , Yin Hong‐kun , Zhang Hong‐kai , Wang Yi , Xu Shu‐ning , Ma Fei , Gao Jian‐bo , Li Hai‐liang , Qu Jin‐rong 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundCurrent radiomics for treatment response assessment in gastric cancer (GC) have focused solely on Computed tomography (CT). The importance of multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp‐MRI) radiomics in GC is less clear.PurposeTo compare and combine CT and mp‐MRI radiomics for pretreatment identification of pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in GC.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationTwo hundred twenty‐five GC patients were recruited and split into training (157) and validation dataset (68) in the ratio of 7:3 randomly.Field/SequenceT2‐weighted fast spin echo (fat suppressed T2‐weighted imaging [fs‐T2WI]), diffusion weighted echo planar imaging (DWI), and fast gradient echo (dynamic contrast enhanced [DCE]) sequences at 3.0T.AssessmentApparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated from DWI. CT, fs‐T2WI, ADC, DCE, and mp‐MRI Radiomics score (Radscores) were compared between responders and non‐responders. A multimodal nomogram combining CT and mp‐MRI Radscores was developed. Patients were followed up for 3–65 months (median 19) after surgery, the overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were calculated.Statistical TestsA logistic regression classifier was applied to construct the five models. Each model's performance was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The association of the nomogram with OS/PFS was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and C‐index. APvalue <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCT Radscore, mp‐MRI Radscore and nomogram were significantly associated with tumor regression grading. The nomogram achieved the highest area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.893 (0.834–0.937) and 0.871 (0.767–0.940) in training and validation datasets, respectively. The C‐index was 0.589 for OS and 0.601 for PFS. The AUCs of the mp‐MRI model were not significantly different to that of the CT model in training (0.831 vs. 0.770,P = 0.267) and validation dataset (0.797 vs. 0.746,P = 0.137).Data Conclusionsmp‐MRI radiomics provides similar results to CT radiomics for early identification of pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The multimodal radiomics nomogram further improved the capability.Evidence Level3Technical Efficacy2
Cine MRI‐Derived Radiomics Features of the Cardiac Blood Pool: Periodicity, Specificity, and Reproducibility
Authors: Lin Kai , Sarnari Roberto , Carr James C. , Markl Michael 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAlthough radiomics features of the left ventricular wall have been used to assess cardiac diseases, radiomics features of the cardiac blood pool have been relatively ignored.PurposeTo test the hypothesis that cine MRI‐derived radiomics features of the cardiac blood pool are associated with cardiac function and motion.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 26 healthy volunteers (51.2 ± 15.6 years; 17 males).Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5 T/balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP).AssessmentThe radiomics features (107 features in seven classes) of the blood pool of the left/right ventricle/atrium (LV/RV/LA/RA) were extracted on four‐chamber cine images (25 phases). Conventional cardiac function parameters (volumes, ejection fraction [EF] and longitudinal strain) were assessed in each cardiac chamber. Intraobserver‐ and interobserver agreements of radiomics features of all chambers acquired at all phases were assessed, as well as scan–rescan agreement in a subset of 13 volunteers.Statistical TestsPearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to assess the associations between peak values of radiomics features and end‐diastolic (or maximal) volume, end‐systolic (or minimal) volume, EF, and longitudinal strain of corresponding chambers. Good intraobserver, interobserver, and scan–rescan agreements for radiomics features acquired were defined as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.7 or coefficient of variation (CoV) < 20%.ResultsMost radiomics features of the blood pool varied periodically throughout the cardiac cycle. Peak values of chamber‐specific blood pool radiomics features were correlated with traditional cardiac function and motion indices of corresponding chambers (r: 0.4–0.87). Ninety‐three (87%), 86 (80%), and 73 (68%) radiomics features demonstrated good intraobserver, interobserver, and scan–rescan reproducibility, respectively.ConclusionCine MRI‐derived radiomics features within LV/RV/LA/RA are associated with traditional cardiac function and motion indices of corresponding chambers and may have the potential to become novel quantitative imaging biomarkers in cardiovascular medicine.Evidence Level3.Technical Efficacy1.
First report on quality and purity assessment of sweet almond oil in Brazilian body oils by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Pizzo Jessica S. , Cruz Victor H. M. , Manin Luciana P. , Santos Patricia D. S. , Silva Geovane R. , Souza Patrícia M. , Figueiredo Alisson L. , Santos Oscar O. , Visentainer Jesuí V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSweet almond oil is a raw material with high‐added value used in different products. Then, the aim of this study is to evaluate the quality and purity of 10 body oils based on sweet almond oils currently available in the Brazilian market. Fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol (TAG) profile were determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) and atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry (ASAP‐MS), respectively. The authenticity of samples was assessed using an analytical curve equation. Soybean oil was chosen as the adulterant because it is the cheapest vegetable oil commercialized in Brazil. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) in conjunction with ASAP‐MS classified product samples according to the type of vegetable oil (soybean and sweet almond oils). The addition of soybean oil (8.79% to 99.70%) was confirmed in samples. However, only two samples stated in their label the presence of soybean oil as an ingredient. These findings highlight the need for better oversight by regulatory bodies to ensure that consumers acquire high quality and authentic products based on equally high quality and purity of sweet almond oils.
Mouth rinses efficacy on salivary SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alzahrani Manar M. , Bamashmous Shatha , Alkharobi Hanaa , Alghamdi Abdullah , Alharbi Rahaf H. , Hassan Ahmed M. , Darwish Manar , Bukhari Abdullah , Mahmoud Ahmad Bakur , Alfaleh Mohamed A. , Mirza Ahmed A. , Abuzenadah Adel M. , Abujamel Turki S. , Hashem Anwar M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractConsidering the global trend to confine the COVID‐19 pandemic by applying various preventive health measures, preprocedural mouth rinsing has been proposed to mitigate the transmission risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 in dental clinics. The study aimed to investigate the effect of different mouth rinses on salivary viral load in COVID‐19 patients. This study was a single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, six‐parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled clinical trial that investigated the effect of four mouth rinses (1% povidone‐iodine, 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride, and 80 ppm hypochlorous acid) on salivary SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load relative to the distilled water and no‐rinse control groups. The viral load was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR) at baseline and 5, 30, and 60 min post rinsing. The viral load pattern within each mouth rinse group showed a reduction overtime; however, this reduction was only statistically significant in the hydrogen peroxide group. Further, a significant reduction in the viral load was observed between povidone‐iodine, hydrogen peroxide, and cetylpyridinium chloride compared to the no‐rinse group at 60 min, indicating their late antiviral potential. Interestingly, a similar statistically significant reduction was also observed in the distilled water control group compared to the no‐rinse group at 60 min, proposing mechanical washing of the viral particles through the rinsing procedure. Therefore, results suggest using preprocedural mouth rinses, particularly hydrogen peroxide, as a risk‐mitigation step before dental procedures, along with strict adherence to other infection control measures.
Mobile Raman spectroscopy analysis of elephant ivory objects
Authors: Parungao Dorothy , Vandenabeele Peter , Edwards Howell G. M. , Candeias Antonio , Miguel Catarina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has been applied to the nondestructive study of ivory artefacts. Molecular Raman spectra of this material have been recorded previously using Fourier‐transform Raman spectroscopy (1064‐nm excitation), and attempts were made to differentiate between species of different origin. However, few attempts have been made to examine this interesting material using dispersive Raman spectroscopy, as when using shorter wavelength excitation, the fluorescence background signal tends to overwhelm the Raman signal. In this study, however, a mobile fibre‐optics Raman spectrometer, equipped with 1064‐nm excitation and an InGaAs detector, was used for the direct analysis of ivory artefacts. This approach opens opportunities for the fast and reliable analysis of this material, without the need to move the artefact to the laboratory, helping to act against the illegal trade of this endangered biomaterial.
Cluster analysis identifies six clinical subtypes of hidradenitis suppurativa characterised by distinct comorbidities, inflammatory and metabolic profiles, patient‐reported outcomes and treatment patterns
Authors: Jørgensen Astrid‐Helene R. , Arildsen Nicolai S. , Yao Yiqiu , Holm Jesper G. , Nielsen Valdemar W. , Ring Hans C. , Woetmann Anders , Thomsen Simon F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundSub‐classification of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) may allow for a better understanding of disease aetiology and disease burden, and eventually permit a more personalised treatment for patients.ObjectiveTo identify patient subtypes of HS based on comorbidity patterns and clinical characteristics, and to examine their inflammatory and metabolic blood profiles and associated levels of experienced distress, pain, quality of life, employment status and prescribed treatments.MethodsCluster analysis of clinical data from consecutive, newly referred adult HS patients attending a dermatological hospital department.ResultsA total of 534 patients (338 women and 196 men) with a mean age of 40.5 years (SD = 13.7) were included; 35.4% had Hurley stage I, 50.4% had Hurley stage II, and 14.8% had Hurley stage III. In total, six disease subtypes were identified: ‘female subtype’ (n = 182, 34.1%), ‘familial subtype’ (n = 144, 27.0%), ‘diabetes subtype’ (n = 107, 20.0%), ‘psychiatric disease subtype’ (n = 49, 9.2%), ‘Crohn's disease subtype’ (n = 29, 5.4%) and ‘asthma subtype’ (n = 23, 4.3%). Patients with ‘Crohn's disease subtype’ and ‘diabetes subtype’ had highest levels of systemic inflammation (C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leucocytes and neutrophils), blood glucose and lipids (triglycerides), p < 0.001. The highest boil‐associated pain score, p < 0.001, overall disease‐related distress, p = 0.008 and lowest quality of life, p = 0.015, was reported by patients with ‘familial subtype’, whereas highest rates of unemployment were observed among patients with ‘diabetes subtype’ and ‘psychiatric disease subtype’, p < 0.001. Treatment patterns differed significantly between the subtypes, with biologics being most often prescribed to patients with ‘Crohn's disease subtype’ (21.1%), p < 0.001.ConclusionThis study identified six subtypes of HS based on comorbidity patterns, clinical characteristics, blood profiles, patient‐reported outcomes and treatment patters, supporting the concept of heterogeneity within HS.
Effects of rainfall intensity and underground pore density on the soil erosion mechanism of sloping maize farmland in a typical karst area of SW China
Authors: Wang Yong , Dai Quanhou , Ding Pengwei , Yao Yiwen , Li Kuaifen , Yan Youjin , Yi Xingsong , He Jie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe rainfall intensity, slope, and underground pore density are major factors affecting the soil erosion of maize‐covered karst slopes. We studied the erosion process of maize‐covered karst slopes and the influencing mechanism of soil erosion on these slopes under different rainfall intensities, slopes, and underground pore density via simulated rainfall tests. The results are as follows: (1) No runoff was observed on the slope surface under light rainfall (30 mm hr−1); instead, subsurface flow was predominant. However, runoff from the surface and subsurface flows under moderate rainfall (60 mm hr−1) increased with the rainfall intensity. The average surface runoff under extreme rainfall (90 mm hr−1) was 2.3‐times that under moderate rainfall. In addition, the average subsurface runoff under extreme rainfall was 1.6‐ and 3.5‐times that under moderate rainfall and light rainfall, respectively. The total amounts of surface and subsurface soil losses increased as the rainfall intensity increased. The surface and subsurface soil losses from light to moderate and extreme rainfall events increased by 258% and 151%, respectively. The soil loss from the surface was 5.3‐times greater than that from the subsurface, indicating that the erosion of maize‐covered karst slopes mainly occurs on the surface and that the subsurface loss is relatively small. (2) As the slope angle increased, the runoff, sediment yield, and proportion of erosion on the surface increased, and vice versa. (3) The subsurface runoff and sediment yield increased as the underground pore density increased, while the opposite occurred on the surface. Multiple regression analysis showed that the rainfall intensity is the most critical factor affecting the soil erosion of maize ‐covered slopes in karst areas, followed by the slope, while the influence of the underground pore density is small.
Bacterial communities in proso millet root‐associated compartments are regulated by growth period and mulching regime
Authors: Tian Lixin , Cao Xinxin , Gao Xiaoli , Feng Baili 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMulching regimes have a promoted impact on the soil hydrothermal environments and crop productions. However, the time‐dependent variations in root‐associated microbial communities under distinct mulching regimes in the Loess Plateau have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we investigated the regulatory impacts of plastic film mulching (FM) and ridge‐furrow mulching system (RF) on the microbial community compositions, diversities, and ecological networks in the distinct compartments (e.g., root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil) at jointing and flowering periods of proso millet, and we compared these two regimes to no mulching (NM). Mulching regimes improved the bulk and rhizosphere soil quality at jointing period, whereas reduced them at flowering period. Bacterial structure and composition of the three compartments were significantly influenced by growth periods and mulching regimes. Furthermore, mulching regimes effectively increased the alpha diversities of rhizosphere and root communities at flowering period. Soil temperature and total N were the most essential variables affecting the bulk soil and rhizosphere community structure, respectively. With the growth and development of proso millet, the network complexity and stability increased, and the abundance of different modules in the three compartments were regulated by mulching regimes. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota were the keystone species at jointing period, whereas, at flowering period, only Proteobacteria were the keystone species. In addition, FM regime significantly increased the species interaction and abundance of keystone taxa than those of non‐mulching at both periods. These results highlighted that mulching regimes were observed to be a recommended selection for improving soil quality, regulating bacterial diversity and structure, and stabilizing the species interaction, thereby providing guidance for choosing the ideal cultivation techniques from the perspective of microbial ecology in the Loess Plateau.
Real‐Time On‐Demand Design of Circuit‐Analog Plasmonic Stack Metamaterials by Divide‐and‐Conquer Deep Learning
Authors: Xiong Jiankai , Shen Jiaqing , Gao Yuan , Chen Yingshi , Ou Jun‐Yu , Liu Qing Huo , Zhu Jinfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe design of plasmonic stack metamaterials (PSMs) is critical due to their promising potentials in the fields of optical absorbers, sensors, and thermal irradiation. Compared with the classical circuit‐based optimization, the design by deep learning (DL) has attracted greater attention, since it is not essential to obtain their equivalent circuit parameters. Currently, a DL model for their higher‐precision design, especially with complicated spectral features, is still quite in demand. Here, a divide‐and‐conquer DL model based on a bidirectional artificial neural network is proposed. As proof‐of‐concept examples, the PSMs consisting of two metal/dielectric/metal/dielectric subwavelength stacks are adopted to demonstrate the validity of the paradigm. It demonstrates a significant prediction error reduction of 37.5% with the 47.8% decrease of training parameters than the conventional method in the forward network, which supports a powerful inverse design from spectra to PSM structures. Furthermore, a flexible tool based on the free customer definition, which facilitates the real‐time design of PSMs with various circuit‐analog functions, is developed. The fabrication and measurement experiments verify the design performance of the method. The study enhances the precision and convenience of on‐demand circuit‐analog PSMs and will provide a guide for fast high‐performance inverse design of many other metamaterials.
Metallopolymers with Ferrocenyl and TEMPO Radical Units and Thermoelectric Properties of their Composites with Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lau Mei‐Tung , Li Zikang , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRadical‐containing metallopolymers (RCMPs) represent a promising class of thermoelectric (TE) materials. Here, three RCMPs with the ferrocenyl moiety R1, R2, and R3 are synthesized. Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are used to form the composites with each of these RCMPs and the morphological, spectroscopic electrochemical, and thermoelectric properties of the three polymer composites are studied. Composite R3/SWCNT shows the highest electrical conductivity (675.7 ± 36.0 S cm−1) and power factor (174.3 ± 5.5 µW m−1 K−2) compared to R1 and R2. It is shown that when the ferrocenyl unit is incorporated into the main chain of the polymer backbone, it reveals a better TE performance than that with the ferrocenyl unit at the periphery.
Development of CO2‐Philic Blended Membranes Using PIM–PI and PIM–PEG/PPG
Authors: Jeong Insu , Hossain Iqubal , Husna Asmaul , Kim Tae‐Hyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBlending is a simple method through which one can effectively tailor new polymers exhibiting the properties of their parent ones. Because the original properties of polymers are maintained after blending, various studies have used these films as gas separation membranes. In this study, a new CO2 separation membrane is developed by physically mixing a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) with high gas permeability, polyimide (PIM‐PI), as the hard segment and CO2‐philic PIM‐poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(propylene glycol), or PIM‐PEG/PPG, as the soft segment. Prepared by adding 5 mol.% of PIM‐PEG/PPG to PIM‐PI, the blended membrane PPB‐5, with a tensile strength of 54 MPa and 35.5% elongation at break, shows better mechanical properties than commercial high‐performance polymer membranes developed for gas separation, PEG‐based blended membranes, and corresponding copolymer membranes with similar compositions developed in a previous study. In addition, it shows high CO2 permeability (1552.6 Barrer) and CO2/N2 selectivity (29.3) due to the well‐developed microphase separation characteristics originating from the optimal two‐component composition, and the gas separation performance is close to the Robeson (2008) upper bound.
High‐performance binary blazed grating coupler with a mixed structure of germanium and zinc selenide
Authors: Li Junwei , Wei Kai , Zhang Yudong , Li Xiqi , Cui Hao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA high‐performance binary blazed grating coupler with a mixed germanium and zinc selenide structure on a Ge‐on‐Si platform is proposed for a perfectly vertical coupling. To obtain high coupling efficiency, grating parameters are repeatedly and carefully optimized. For the perfectly vertical coupler with transverse‐magnetic polarized incident light, the coupling efficiency is 49.5% at the wavelength of 8 μm with a 1‐dB bandwidth of 110 nm. Thus, the coupling efficiency‐bandwidth product is beyond 54.5 nm. Furthermore, the manufacturing route of the grating is discussed, which adopts the combination of electron‐beam lithography and three‐dimensional nanoprinting.
4 × 25 Gb/s PAM4 optical transmitter for micro‐ring modulator with thermal control
Authors: Chen Yinghao , Chen Yingmei , Guo Chao , Fan Wentian , Zhu En , Hu Zhengfei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe explosive growth of bandwidth demands of data center and super‐computing systems spur the appliance and development of optoelectronic‐based solutions such as micro‐ring modulator (MRM) transmitters, and advanced modulation schemes such as four‐level pulse‐amplitude modulation (PAM4). In this paper, a 4 × 25 Gb/s PAM4 MRM transmitter fabricated in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is presented. It consists of four‐channel MRM driver and thermal control loop. Capacitor and resistor degeneration techniques and inductor peaking techniques are adopted to expand channel bandwidth. Meanwhile, the predistortion technique is utilized to compensate for MRM nonlinearity, and auto gain control (AGC) circuits to enable the MRM driver to realize a fixed differential output swing of 3.5 Vpp. Furthermore, a thermal control method based on analog to digital converter, digital to analog converter, and logic control circuits is proposed to compensate for the temperature sensitivity of MRM. The measurement results show that the 25 Gb/s nonreturn‐to‐zero optical eye achieves an extinction ratio of 5.63 dB, and the PAM4 eye can be observed up to 40 Gb/s.
The Push for Racial Equity in Child Welfare: Can Blind Removals Reduce Disproportionality?
Authors: Jason Baron E. , Goldstein Ezra G. , Ryan Joseph 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe conduct the first quantitative analysis of “blind removals,” an increasingly popular reform that seeks to reduce the over‐representation of Black children in foster care by eliminating biases in the removal decisions of investigators. We first show that over‐representation in most foster care systems is driven by Black children being substantially more likely than White children to be investigated for maltreatment to begin with. Conditional on initial rates of investigation, investigators remove White and Black children similarly. Second, we find no evidence that blind removals impacted the already small racial disparities in the removal decision, but they substantially increased time to removal.