bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular Automata, Memory and Intelligence
Authors: González Alberto Fernández 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding memory as the faculty by which a system stores and remembers information from the past to a new purpose with shapes that are emerging as “collective designs"(a repository of built information), this research works with the demonstration in how CA can generate a trace of its existence as memory based on the activation and deactivation of the discrete system in which grows, like a footprint in the affected area of intervention, improving a “stigmergic operation” in the field, conditioning the following steps in the collaborative growing of this basal structure. Based on sets of digital experiments, a set of CA using Langton Ants generates different solutions based on the activation and deactivation of rules according to information coming from patterns, creating spatial solutions that deal with built memory three-dimensional emergent structures.
InterspeciesForms
Authors: Alima Natalie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
InterspeciesForms hybridizes mycelia’s agency of growth with architectural de-sign intention in the generation of novel, crossbred designed outcomes. In order to establish a direct dialogue between architectural and mycelia agencies, robotic feedback systems are implemented to extract data from the physical and feed it in-to the digital realm. Initiating this cyclic feedback system, mycelia growth is scanned in order to computationally visualize its entangled network and agency. Based on the logic of stigmergy, computational agents trace around the organisms patterns of growth, forming entangled and complex networks. Through this unification of biological growth and computational agencies, non-indexical crossbred outcomes begin to emerge. Bringing this hybridized computational form back into the physical realm, form is 3D printed with a customized mixture of mycelium and agricultural waste. Once the geometry has been extruded, the robot, patiently waits for the mycelia to grow and react to the living extrusions. The architect then responds with a countermove by scanning this new growth and continuing the cyclic feedback system between nature-machine and architect. This procedure demonstrates form emerging in real time according to the co-creational design process and dialogue between architectural and mycelia agencies.
Long-COVID fatigue is not predicted by pre-pandemic plasma IL-6 levels in mild COVID-19
Authors: Freidin Maxim B. , Cheetham Nathan , Duncan Emma L. , Steves Claire J. , Doores Katherine J. , Malim Michael H. , Rossi Niccolo , Lord Janet M. , Franks Paul W. , Borsini Alessandra , Granville Smith Isabelle , Falchi Mario , Pariante Carmine , Williams Frances M. K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective and design
Fatigue is a prominent symptom in the general population and may follow viral infection, including SARS-CoV2 infection which causes COVID-19. Chronic fatigue lasting more than three months is the major symptom of the post-COVID syndrome (known colloquially as long-COVID). The mechanisms underlying long-COVID fatigue are unknown. We hypothesized that the development of long-COVID chronic fatigue is driven by the pro-inflammatory immune status of an individual prior to COVID-19.

Subjects and methods
We analyzed pre-pandemic plasma levels of IL-6, which plays a key role in persistent fatigue, in N = 1274 community dwelling adults from TwinsUK. Subsequent COVID-19-positive and -negative participants were categorized based on SARS-CoV-2 antigen and antibody testing. Chronic fatigue was assessed using the Chalder Fatigue Scale.

Results
COVID-19-positive participants exhibited mild disease. Chronic fatigue was a prevalent symptom among this population and significantly higher in positive vs. negative participants (17% vs 11%, respectively; p = 0.001). The qualitative nature of chronic fatigue as determined by individual questionnaire responses was similar in positive and negative participants. Pre-pandemic plasma IL-6 levels were positively associated with chronic fatigue in negative, but not positive individuals. Raised BMI was associated with chronic fatigue in positive participants.

Conclusions
Pre-existing increased IL-6 levels may contribute to chronic fatigue symptoms, but there was no increased risk in individuals with mild COVID-19 compared with uninfected individuals. Elevated BMI also increased the risk of chronic fatigue in mild COVID-19, consistent with previous reports.
Inhibition of importin-7 attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury by targeting nuclear translocation of p38
Authors: Ding Ning , Li Huiqing , Zhang Zengzhen , Jia Haiyan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The ability of p38 to phosphorylate substrates in the nucleus and the role of nuclear p38 in the regulation of inflammation have focused attention on the subcellular localization of the kinase. Although it is clear that p38 shuttles to the nucleus upon stimulation, the mechanisms that regulate p38 nuclear input in response to mechanical stretch remain to be determined.

Methods
Cyclic stretch (CS)-induced nuclear translocation of p38 was determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The p38 interacting protein was identified using endogenous pull-down and protein binding assays. The potential role of importin-7 (Imp7) in CS-induced nuclear translocation of p38 and p38-dependent gene expression was confirmed using a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we tested the therapeutic potential of intratracheal administration of Imp7 siRNA-loaded nanoparticles in the ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) mouse model.

Results
We show that CS induced phosphorylation-dependent nuclear translocation of p38, which required the involvement of microtubules and dynein. Endogenous pull-down assay revealed Imp7 to be a potential p38-interacting protein, and the direct interaction between p38 and Imp7 was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo binding assays. Furthermore, silencing Imp7 inhibited CS-induced nuclear translocation of p38 and subsequent cytokine production. Notably, intratracheal administration of Imp7 siRNA nanoparticles attenuated lung inflammation and histological damage in the VILI mouse model.

Conclusions
Our findings uncover a key role for Imp7 in the process of p38 nuclear import after CS stimulation and highlight the potential of preventing p38 nuclear translocation in treatment of VILI.
Super Cartan Geometry and the Super Ashtekar Connection
Authors: Eder Konstantin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work is devoted to the geometric approach to supergravity. More precisely, we interpret $$\mathcal {N}=1$$

N
=
1

, $$D=4$$

D
=
4

supergravity as a super Cartan geometry which provides a link between supergravity and Yang–Mills theory. To this end, we first review important aspects of the theory of supermanifolds and we establish a link between various different approaches. We then introduce super Cartan geometries using the concept of so-called enriched categories. This, among other things, will enable us to implement anticommutative fermionic fields. We will then also show that non-extended $$D=4$$

D
=
4

supergravity naturally arises in this framework. Finally, using this gauge-theoretic interpretation as well as the chiral structure of the underlying supersymmetry algebra, we will derive graded analoga of Ashtekar’s self-dual variables and interpret them in terms of generalized super Cartan connections. This gives canonical chiral supergravity the structure of a Yang–Mills theory with gauge supergroup similar to the self-dual variables in ordinary first-order Einstein gravity. We then construct the parallel transport map corresponding to the super connection in mathematical rigorous way using again enriched categories. This provides the possibility of quantizing gravity and matter degrees of freedom in loop quantum gravity in a unified way.
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A review of sedimentation rates in freshwater reservoirs: recent changes and causative factors
Authors: Gonzalez Rodriguez Laureano , McCallum Adrian , Kent Damon , Rathnayaka Charith , Fairweather Helen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSediment deposition in water reservoirs has major implications for storage capacity, reservoir lifetime, and water quality. Changes in rainfall patterns and land use will consequently alter the rate of erosion and therefore have a direct effect on sedimentation rates. This literature review employed a systematic mapping approach to collate and describe evidence of contemporary sedimentation trends for impounded reservoirs and natural lakes with emphasis on studies which analysed impacts on water storage capacity. Fourteen studies determined an overall increase in sedimentation rate, 13 identified a recent decline and another 5 reported mixed results. Interestingly, 83.3% of the articles that studied natural lakes found an increase in recent contemporary sedimentation, while 54.5% of the articles on impounded reservoirs indicated recent declines in sediment deposition. Land use change was the main causative factor responsible for sedimentation rate increase followed by the combined effects of land activities and climate change. Soil and sediment management strategies, implemented in and upstream of some impounded reservoirs, have proved to be effective in mitigating and remediating reservoir sedimentation. From the 147 papers preselected, only 33 contain sufficient sedimentation data to infer recent rate trends with only about 45% of these articles reporting quantities of storage capacity loss caused by sedimentation. Across these 33 studies, assessments of sedimentation and associated storage capacity loss are compromised by the limited spatiotemporal resolution of current measurement methods, reinforcing the requirement to develop new, more robust techniques to monitor sedimentation and storage capacity changes.
Clinical application of breathing-adapted 4D CT: image quality comparison to conventional 4D CT
Authors: Werner René , Szkitsak Juliane , Madesta Frederic , Büttgen Laura , Wimmert Lukas , Sentker Thilo , Fietkau Rainer , Haderlein Marlen , Bert Christoph , Gauer Tobias , Hofmann Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurpose: 4D CT imaging is an integral part of 4D radiotherapy workflows. However, 4D CT data often contain motion artifacts that mitigate treatment planning. Recently, breathing-adapted 4D CT (i4DCT) was introduced into clinical practice, promising artifact reduction in in-silico and phantom studies. Here, we present an image quality comparison study, pooling clinical patient data from two centers: a new i4DCT and a conventional spiral 4D CT patient cohort.Methods: The i4DCT cohort comprises 129 and the conventional spiral 4D CT cohort 417 4D CT data sets of lung and liver tumor patients. All data were acquired for treatment planning. The study consists of three parts: illustration of image quality in selected patients of the two cohorts with similar breathing patterns; an image quality expert rater study; and automated analysis of the artifact frequency.Results: Image data of the patients with similar breathing patterns underline artifact reduction by i4DCT compared to conventional spiral 4D CT. Based on a subgroup of 50 patients with irregular breathing patterns, the rater study reveals a fraction of almost artifact-free scans of 89% for i4DCT and only 25% for conventional 4D CT; the quantitative analysis indicated a reduction of artifact frequency by 31% for i4DCT.Conclusion: The results demonstrate 4D CT image quality improvement for patients with irregular breathing patterns by breathing-adapted 4D CT in this first corresponding clinical data image quality comparison study.
Extractives in Douglas firs (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from three sites in south-west Germany and potential opportunities for valorization
Authors: Warlo Hannes , Windeisen-Holzhauser Elisabeth , Brüchert Franka , Sauter Udo H. , Richter Klaus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOwing to favorable wood properties and its resilience to the effects of climate change, Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) is a promising tree species in Central Europe. Its wood and bark extractives could also serve as feedstock for the production of bio-based materials and platform chemicals. In this study, sapwood, heartwood, knotwood and bark extractives of Douglas firs originating from three differently aged stands in south-west Germany were investigated. Two different extraction methods with organic solvents were compared: a mixture of cyclohexane/ethanol and a successive method using petroleum ether, acetone and methanol. Extraction yields obtained with the successive method were higher, however one-step extraction was very efficient considering the number of samples that could be extracted and is therefore useful for a fast screening. At all sites, extract yields from sapwood, heartwood and bark were highest close to the tree top, while at the two older sites, an additional maximum was found at 1.3 m height. Knotwood extractives tended to decline with increasing tree height. The most abundant substance with economic importance was taxifolin, yielding up to 13% of dry weight in bark, whereas knotwood contained high amounts of resin acids and the lignan nortrachelogenin. Contrary to other studies, the present study found no evidence of a significant site effect on yield and composition of extracts. Overall, many different compounds for future bio-economic applications were found so that the preferential utilization of extractive-rich bark and crown material could foster an integral valorization of trees, supplementing with existing high grade timber production.
Arthroscopic approach does not yield better results than open surgery after subscapularis repair: a systematic review
Authors: Rinaldi Vito Gaetano , La Verde Matteo , Coliva Federico , Cammisa Eugenio , Lullini Giada , Caravelli Silvio , Mosca Massimiliano , Zaffagnini Stefano , Marcheggiani Muccioli Giulio Maria 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of arthroscopic versus mini-open repair in patients with isolated subscapularis tendon tears.

Methods
Google Scholar, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched for studies evaluating isolated subscapularis tears subsequently treated by arthroscopic or mini-open repair. The inclusion criteria were clinical studies reporting isolated subscapularis lesions treated by arthroscopic or mini-open repair, a minimum follow-up of 12 months, and clinical and functional outcomes reported in the study results. Articles not reporting functional outcomes or studies that reported results for anterosuperior rotator cuff tears without a separate analysis of subscapularis tendon tears were excluded. Studies older than 20 years and studies with a minimum follow-up of less than 12 months were also excluded.

Results
A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria; 8 papers were included in the arthroscopic repair group, and 6 were included in the mini-open repair group (2 studies reported results for both techniques). The mean age reported was 49.3 years, and 85.1% of patients were male. The dominant limb was involved in 77.6% of the patients, and a traumatic onset of symptoms was verified in 76.3%. The mean time to surgery was 9.6 months. The Constant–Murley score showed positive results for the arthroscopic and mini-open groups, with mean postoperative values of 84.6 and 82.1, respectively. Promising results were also observed for pain, with a mean of 13.2 (out of 15) points for the arthroscopic group and 11.7 for the mini-open group. The long head of the biceps was involved in 78% of the patients, and LHB tenodesis or tenotomy were the most common concomitant procedures performed.

Conclusions
There was no significant difference in clinical and functional outcomes between open and arthroscopic repair. Moreover, the same complication rates were reported in both treatments, but arthroscopic repair led to less postoperative pain.

Level of evidence
IV.
Validation of online delivery of the Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire in an Irish obstetric population
Authors: O’Leary Bobby D. , Keane Declan P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Childbirth remains an important risk factor for the development of pelvic floor disorders, regardless of the mode of delivery. To accurately assess these symptoms, accurate, woman-centric assessments are needed. Online versions of these assessments may be especially useful in the COVID-19 era. Women may potentially answer questions differently in an online format, and this study aimed to validate an online version of the paper-based self-administered Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (APFQ).

Methods
The questionnaire was completed antenatally and at 3 months postpartum by 647 and 481 women respectively. Test– validity was assessed in subgroups of 61 and 57 women in each period, using intraclass correlation coefficients and Cohen’s kappa. Sensitivity to change was assessed by comparing responses during pregnancy to those at 3 months postpartum. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was assessed by comparing women with and without subjective bothersomeness.

Results
Intraclass correlation coefficients were above 0.9 for all domains and the overall questionnaire. Cohen’s kappa for individual questions ranged from 0.71–1.00 across the antenatal and postnatal questionnaires. Cronbach’s alpha was acceptable for all domains except the prolapse domain. The APFQ was sensitive to changes occurring between antenatal recruitment and 3 months postpartum. Effect sizes ranged from 0.83–7.99.

Conclusions
This online version of the APFQ is valid for assessing pelvic floor disorders in an Irish obstetric population. The APFQ is reproducible and responsive to change occurring with childbirth, and can be used to research longitudinal changes in pelvic floor disorders. As an online tool, this questionnaire may be useful in increasing response rates to clinical research.
A Data-Driven Approach to Viscous Fluid Mechanics: The Stationary Case
Authors: Lienstromberg Christina , Schiffer Stefan , Schubert Richard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe introduce a data-driven approach to the modelling and analysis of viscous fluid mechanics. Instead of including constitutive laws for the fluid’s viscosity in the mathematical model, we suggest directly using experimental data. Only a set of differential constraints, derived from first principles, and boundary conditions are kept of the classical PDE model and are combined with a data set. The mathematical framework builds on the recently introduced data-driven approach to solid-mechanics (Kirchdoerfer and Ortiz in Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 304:81–101, 2016; Conti et al. in Arch Ration Mech Anal 229:79–123, 2018). We construct optimal data-driven solutions that are material model free in the sense that no assumptions on the rheological behaviour of the fluid are made or extrapolated from the data. The differential constraints of fluid mechanics are recast in the language of constant rank differential operators. Adapting abstract results on lower-semicontinuity and $${\mathscr {A}}$$
A
-quasiconvexity, we show a $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-convergence result for the functionals arising in the data-driven fluid mechanical problem. The theory is extended to compact nonlinear perturbations, whence our results apply not only to inertialess fluids but also to fluids with inertia. Data-driven solutions provide a new relaxed solution concept. We prove that the constructed data-driven solutions are consistent with solutions to the classical PDEs of fluid mechanics if the data sets have the form of a monotone constitutive relation.
On the way to SI traceable primary transfer standards for amount of substance measurements in inorganic chemical analysis
Authors: Matschat Ralf , Richter Silke , Vogl Jochen , Kipphardt Heinrich 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDuring its 25 years of existence, the Inorganic Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM IAWG) has achieved much in establishing comparability of measurement results. Impressive work has been done on comparison exercises related to real-world problems in fields such as ecology, food, or health. In more recent attempts, measurements and comparisons were focused on calibration solutions which are the basis of most inorganic chemical measurements. This contribution deals with the question of how to achieve full and transparent SI traceability for the values carried by such solutions. Within this framework, the use of classical primary methods (CPMs) is compared to the use of a primary difference method (PDM). PDM is a method with a dual character, namely a metrological method with a primary character, based on the bundling of many measurement methods for individual impurities, which lead to materials with certified content of the main component. As in classical methods, where small corrections for interferences are accepted, in PDM, many small corrections are bundled. In contrast to classical methods, the PDM is universally applicable to all elements in principle. Both approaches can be used to certify the purity (expressed as mass fraction of the main element) of a high-purity material. This is where the metrological need of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) for analytical methods meet the challenges of analytical methods. In terms of methods, glow discharge mass spectrometry (GMDS) with sufficient uncertainties for sufficiently small impurity contents is particularly noteworthy for the certification of primary transfer standards (PTS), and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS), which particularly benefits from PTS (back-spikes) with small uncertainties, is particularly noteworthy for the application. The corresponding relative uncertainty which can be achieved using the PDM is very low (< 10−4). Acting as PTS, they represent the link between the material aspect of the primary calibration solutions and the immaterial world of the International System of Units (SI). The underlying concepts are discussed, the current status of implementation is summarised, and a roadmap of the necessary future activities in inorganic analytical chemistry is sketched. It has to be noted that smaller measurement uncertainties of the purity of high-purity materials not only have a positive effect on chemical measurements, but also trigger new developments and findings in other disciplines such as thermometry or materials science.
Graphical Abstract
Primary Transfer Standards (PTSs) are the link between the immaterial world of the International System of Units (SI) and the material aspects of the primary calibration solutions.