bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic freedom at metropolitan statistical area borders
Authors: Murphy Ryan H. , Taylor Ellen , Stansel Dean 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper applies a variation on differences‐in‐differences to the effects of economic freedom in matched bordering metropolitan statistical areas using the Metropolitan Economic Freedom Index. While a great deal of research has explored the relationship between economic freedom and economic performance, less has been done at the local level. We find that economic freedom has a positive effect on several measures of economic performance, but no effect on population.
A Shoulder/Elbow Triage and Assessment model of care reduced a public orthopaedic shoulder/elbow clinic waitlist with high patient satisfaction
Authors: Avdalis Christos , Taylor Deborah , Cass Benjamin , Lambert Tara E. , Langron Genevieve , Mittal Rajat , Spasojevic Miloš , Moopanar Terence R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients referred to public orthopaedic clinics can experience long waiting times before assessment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a collaborative Shoulder/Elbow Triage and Assessment (SHELTA) model of care involving orthopaedic surgeons and physiotherapists to reduce the waitlist and improve service and clinical outcomes for patients on an orthopaedic shoulder/elbow clinic waitlist.MethodsPatients on the waitlist were triaged by surgeons and physiotherapists and invited to an assessment by experienced physiotherapists. Patients were treated nonoperatively or transferred to orthopaedic management based on clinical discussion. The primary outcome was the number of patients on the waitlist. Secondary outcomes included adverse events, patient satisfaction, re‐referral and conversion to surgery rates. Pain, function and patient global impression of change were recorded for participants managed nonoperatively.ResultsFrom July 2019 to December 2019, the waitlist reduced from 451 to 298 patients with no adverse events. Seventy‐nine patients could not be contacted and 25 no longer required assessment, and were removed from the waitlist. Nonoperatively managed participants reported satisfaction with the service, a median score of 6 on a 7‐point Patient Global Impression of Change scale, change in pain of −2.5/10 (95% CI −3.3, −1.7; P < 0.001) on a numerical pain rating scale, and change in function of −17.4/100 (95% CI: −24.1, −10.8; P < 0.001) on the QuickDASH, indicating improvement.ConclusionsThe SHELTA model of care effectively reduced the number of patients on an orthopaedic shoulder/elbow clinic waitlist with good service and clinical outcomes.
Co‐creation of business models for smallholder forest farmers’ organizations: Lessons learned from rural Ethiopia and Tanzania
Authors: Hintz Kendisha Soekardjo , Pretzsch Jürgen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractForest farmers’ organizations (FFOs) have recently gained scholarly attention as a collective action instrument to upgrade value chains. However, insights into possible business models and organizational forms of FFOs remain fragmented. This study thus aimed to co‐create FFO business models in order to assess the business models in the context of the regulatory framework and the value chain upgrading theory. The Input–Output scheme and the Business Model Canvas (BMC) were merged to create an analytical lens. Participatory workshops with two farmers’ organizations, each in Ethiopia and Tanzania, were conducted and triangulated with ten focus group discussions and 25 key informant interviews. The co‐created business models reflected the grassroots entrepreneurial potential of smallholders to envision FFOs. The gaps requiring external support, namely the know‐how in accessing microfinance, silvicultural practices, and entrepreneurship, were revealed. We argue that the transformation from a farmers’ organization to an FFO enables wood value chain upgrading. Diversifying wood with non‐wood products is key for FFOs. Regardless of how the regulatory framework shapes external support, the local government plays a pivotal role in facilitating the connection between FFOs and (non‐)governmental support actors. Through this research, we develop suggestions for further empirical studies and offer several recommendations for decision‐makers.
China in the Global Response to Climate Change
Authors: Garnaut Ross 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChina has a huge national interest in the success of the international effort to hold human‐induced increases in temperature to 1.5 degrees – and therefore in global net emissions falling to net zero by 2050. China is essential to the success of the global effort – as a supplier of competitively priced equipment for the zero emissions world economy and as the world's largest current source of greenhouse gas emissions. Success is more likely for China and the world with international specialization in goods production for the zero emissions economy. This will require open international trade, with China supplying equipment and drawing zero emissions semi‐processed goods from abroad. Success is more likely and will be achieved at a lower cost if there is close cooperation across national boundaries.
Bilateral Relations and Exports: Evidence from Google Big Data
Authors: Li Jing , Liu Hongkui , Xie Qian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of bilateral relations on exports using data from Google Global Data. It finds that bilateral relations significantly reduced the negative effect of cultural distance on exports, indicating that they can promote exports by reducing trade costs. The paper finds that higher average Goldstein scores of events correlated with more exports and that bilateral relations had a larger effect on trust‐intensive products, indicating that positive relations built trust and decreased the emotional distance between trading partners. The results also show that bilateral relations promoted exports at both the intensive and extensive margins but with a greater effect on the latter. Finally, bilateral relations had a greater positive effect on developing countries than on developed ones. The results were qualitatively unchanged when endogeneity issues and robustness concerns were considered.
Exploring the influence of local alcohol availability on drinking norms and practices: A qualitative scoping review
Authors: Dimova Elena D. , Lekkas Peter , Maxwell Karen , Clemens Tom L. , Pearce Jamie R. , Mitchell Richard , Emslie Carol , Shortt Niamh K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionHigh alcohol availability is related to increased alcohol consumption and harms. Existing quantitative research provides potential explanations for this relationship but there is little understanding of how people experience local alcohol availability. This is the first review to synthesise qualitative research exploring the relationship between alcohol availability and other factors in local alcohol environments.MethodsThe scoping review includes qualitative studies exploring community‐level alcohol availability and other factors, facilitating the purchase and consumption of alcohol. We included studies focusing on children and adolescents as well as adults. Study findings were brought together using thematic analysis and the socio‐environmental context model, which explains how certain environments may facilitate drinking.ResultsThe review includes 34 articles. The majority of studies were conducted since 2012. Most studies were conducted in the United Kingdom, Australia and South Africa. The physical availability of alcohol and proximity to local amenities and temporal aspects, like late night opening hours, may be linked to social factors, such as normalisation of drinking and permissive drinking environments. The review highlights the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping interactions with local alcohol environments.Discussion and ConclusionThis qualitative scoping review advances understanding of the pathways linking alcohol availability and alcohol harms by showing that availability, accessibility and visibility of alcohol may contribute towards permissive drinking environments. Further research is needed to better understand how people experience alcohol availability in their local environment and how this can inform alcohol control policies.
Leverage and firm value
Authors: Pratt William R. , Barboza Gustavo A. , Brigida Matthew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThree highly cited studies with over 6000 citations collectively report a negative relationship between the market value of the firm and leverage. Such empirical findings clearly contradict the hypothesis of leverage adding value to the firm and an optimal capital structure that maximizes firm value—these findings have yet to be resolved. Employing a sample of 3,768 firms consisting of 39,015 observations, a stochastic frontier analysis was used to assess the relationship of leverage among other capital structure factors with firm value. It was found that in general the use of leverage promotes firm value, consistent with the trade‐off theory and that the inverse relationship between leverage and firm value was a temporary occurrence and is likely attributable to firms employing tax loss carrybacks in response to the 1986 Tax Reform Act. The estimates of technical efficiency indicate that many firms can do more to increase their value, the sample as a whole improves efficiency (value) over the sample period. The findings reconcile the reports of leverage decreasing firm value as reported in Baker and Wurgler, Fama and French, and Habib and Ljungqvist. The empirical findings suggest prior observation was a due to a decline in the value of the tax shield generated by leverage after the Tax Reform Act of 1986. Specifically, tax carrybacks extended the pre‐Tax Reform Act of 1986 tax shield value to 1991 and after 1991 the tax shield value declined.
Modelling the antecedents of consumers' willingness to pay for eco‐labelled food products
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Sahadev Sunil , Wei Xinya , Henninger Claudia E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to model the antecedents of consumers' willingness to pay for eco‐labelled food products. This research utilizes the Theory of Planned Behaviour to model the impact of consumers' awareness of eco‐labels, environmental concerns, beliefs in the environmental ability of eco‐labels, and presence of children on their willingness to pay for eco‐labelled food products. This study uses structural equational modelling and PROCESS macros, to test the moderated mediation model on a sample of 333 online responses. Findings suggest the impact of consumers' environmental concerns and eco‐label awareness on their willingness to pay for eco‐labelled food products is partially mediated by consumers' belief in the environmental ability of these eco‐labels. The relationship is further moderated by the presence of children living in the household. This study establishes the value of consumers' beliefs in the environmental ability of eco‐labels and implies that communication strategies need to be carefully refined to provide consumers with more information about eco‐labels and to emphasize the environmental ability of eco‐labels utilized within the food industry as this can have an impact on their willingness to pay for these products, especially for consumers, who have children in the same household.
Cancer detection in clinical practice and using blood‐based liquid biopsy: A retrospective audit of over 350 dogs
Authors: Flory Andi , McLennan Lisa , Peet Betsy , Kroll Marissa , Stuart Deirdre , Brown Devon , Stuebner Kathy , Phillips Brenda , Coomber Brenda L. , Woods J. Paul , Miller Mairin , Tripp Chelsea D. , Wolf‐Ringwall Amber , Kruglyak Kristina M. , McCleary‐Wheeler Angela L. , Phelps‐Dunn Ashley , Wong Lilian K. , Warren Chelsea D. , Brandstetter Gina , Rosentel Michelle C. , DiMarzio Lauren R. , O'Kell Allison L. , Cohen Todd A. , Grosu Daniel S. , Chibuk Jason , Tsui Dana W. Y. , Chorny Ilya , Rafalko Jill M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines‐driven screening protocols for early cancer detection in dogs are lacking, and cancer often is detected at advanced stages.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo examine how cancer typically is detected in dogs and whether the addition of a next‐generation sequencing‐based “liquid biopsy” test to a wellness visit has the potential to enhance cancer detection.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with definitive cancer diagnoses enrolled in a clinical validation study for a novel blood‐based multicancer early detection test.MethodsRetrospective medical record review was performed to establish the history and presenting complaint that ultimately led to a definitive cancer diagnosis. Blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction, library preparation, and next‐generation sequencing. Sequencing data were analyzed using an internally developed bioinformatics pipeline to detect genomic alterations associated with the presence of cancer.ResultsIn an unselected cohort of 359 cancer‐diagnosed dogs, 4% of cases were detected during a wellness visit, 8% were detected incidentally, and 88% were detected after the owner reported clinical signs suggestive of cancer. Liquid biopsy detected disease in 54.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49.5%‐59.8%) of patients, including 32% of dogs with early‐stage cancer, 48% of preclinical dogs, and 84% of dogs with advanced‐stage disease.Conclusions/Clinical ImportanceMost cases of cancer were diagnosed after the onset of clinical signs; only 4% of dogs had cancer detected using the current standard of care (i.e., wellness visit). Liquid biopsy has the potential to increase detection of cancer when added to a dog's wellness visit.
Acid‐base imbalances and the association of blood‐gas variables, electrolytes, and biochemical analytes with outcome in hospitalized calves undergoing abdominal surgery
Authors: Trefz Florian M. , Lausch Corinna K. , Rieger Anna , Giertzuch Stine , Lorch Annette , Constable Peter D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical abdominal emergencies in calves are associated with a guarded prognosis and have the potential for complex metabolic derangements including acid‐base imbalances.ObjectivesTo perform a comprehensive analysis of acid‐base status and to assess the prognostic relevance of preoperative clinicopathologic variables in calves undergoing abdominal surgery.AnimalsHospital‐based study samples of 535 (dataset 1; DS1) and 83 calves (dataset 2; DS2).MethodsRetrospective (DS1) and prospective (DS2) case series.ResultsIn DS1, acidemia (pH <7.33) was present in 49.9%, whereas alkalemia (pH >7.37) was present in 30.7% of calves. Plasma L‐lactate, chloride, and serum inorganic phosphorus concentration accounted for 51.9%, 11.6% and 9.4% of the variation of venous blood pH, respectively. Classification tree analysis indicated that a negative outcome (death or euthanasia during hospitalization) was associated with venous pO2 ≤33.6 mm Hg, anion gap >18.3 and >22.9 mEq/L, serum albumin concentration ≤36.5 and ≤29.4 g/L, serum urea concentration >4.4 mmol/L, and plasma ionized calcium concentration ≤1.26 mmol/L. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of this model was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82‐0.89,P < .001) and the resulting sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of nonsurvival at the optimal probability cut‐point of 0.5 was 89.8% and 65.7%, respectively. In DS2 the model had a similar sensitivity and specificity of 90.5% and 70%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinicopathologic imbalances and associated changes of acid‐base status are common in calves with surgical abdominal emergencies and have clinical utility for the prediction of a negative postoperative outcome.
Primary cutaneous Ewing sarcoma in a young boy
Authors: Michalski Basia M. , Rao Elizabeth M. , Vij Alok 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report a 10‐year‐old boy with the challenging presentation of a left toe nodule that failed empiric treatments and was biopsied. Immunohistochemistry and florescence in situ hybridization enabled the diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma (ES). This case emphasizes the importance of including ES on the clinical differential to minimize diagnostic delays.
An Antinomy in Alexy's Theory of Balancing
Authors: Ratti Giovanni B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article argues that Robert Alexy's influential theory of balancing is affected by a contradiction that makes it unfeasible as an instrument by which to explain some aspects of law and legal reasoning it aims to clarify. In particular, I will show that one of the premises of Alexy's theory of balancing is incompatible with its conclusion. Alexy's theory is based upon a sharp distinction between rules and principles. However, as my analysis will demonstrate, its conclusion implies that it is impossible to distinguish between rules and principles. This is because the so‐called weight formula and the law of colliding principles (i.e., the two main notions used by Alexy to explain balancing) cancel out any difference between these two types of norms.
Concealed pied‐piping in Russian: On left‐branch extraction, parasitic gaps, and the nature of discontinuous nominal phrases
Authors: Bondarenko Tatiana , Davis Colin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe use parasitic gaps to examine left‐branch extraction from nominal phrases in Russian. We observe that the interpretation of a parasitic gap in a context with left‐branch extraction is the same as the interpretation assigned when an entire nominal phrase is moved. Thus we argue that Russian left‐branch extraction involves concealed pied‐piping of an entire nominal phrase, rather than true extraction of a left branch. We go on to explore the consequences of this analysis for several other topics.
Transplantation of organs from SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive donors: Preliminary experience from Spain
Authors: Montiel Villalonga Patricia , Martínez‐Alpuente Itzíar , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Len Óscar , Bodro Marta , Los‐Arcos Ibai , Moya José , de la Calle Braulio , Cid‐Cumplido Manuela , Sánchez‐Etayo Gerard , Ávila Ana , Moreno‐González Gabriel , Coll Elisabeth , Domínguez‐Gil Beatriz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe utilization of non‐lung organs from deceased donors with a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) at the time of donation can be lifesaving, although the safety of this policy must be assessed.MethodsThis is a nationwide, prospective study, reporting the experience on the utilization of non‐lung organs from SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive donors between December 15, 2020 and May 31, 2022 in Spain.ResultsA total of 69 patients received a solid organ transplant (41 kidney, 18 liver, 8 heart, and 2 combined liver–kidney) obtained from 32 donors with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR at the time of donation (four of them with a cycle threshold value <30). All recipients tested negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 and were free of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) symptoms prior to transplantation. Nasopharyngeal swab turned positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR in 4 (5.8%) recipients at 3, 8, 11, and 20 days after transplantation, though evidence did not support a donor‐derived COVID‐19. Four kidney recipients lost their grafts and two patients died: one heart recipient due to cardiogenic shock and one combined liver–kidney recipient due to lung hypertension and right heart failure. Graft losses and patient deaths were deemed unrelated to the donor SARS‐CoV‐2 status by the treating teams. No other adverse reactions were reported.ConclusionsThis preliminary experience supports the safety of the use of organs other than lungs from SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive donors, in alignment with previous series. However, the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection upon organ quality should be established in future research.
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Making and breaking of boron bridges in the pectic domain rhamnogalacturonan‐II at apoplastic pHin vivo and in vitro
Authors: Begum Rifat Ara , Messenger David J. , Fry Stephen C. 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYCross‐linking of the cell‐wall pectin domain rhamnogalacturonan‐II (RG‐II) via boron bridges between apiose residues is essential for normal plant growth and development, but little is known about its mechanism or reversibility. We characterized the making and breaking of boron bridges in vivo and in vitro at ‘apoplastic’ pH. RG‐II (13–26 μm) was incubated in living Rosa cell cultures and cell‐free media with and without 1.2 mm H3BO3 and cationic chaperones (Ca2+, Pb2+, polyhistidine, or arabinogalactan‐protein oligopeptides). The cross‐linking status of RG‐II was monitored electrophoretically. Dimeric RG‐II was stable at pH 2.0–7.0 in vivo and in vitro. In‐vitro dimerization required a ‘catalytic’ cation at all pHs tested (1.75–7.0); thus, merely neutralizing the negative charge of RG‐II (at pH 1.75) does not enable boron bridging. Pb2+ (20–2500 μm) was highly effective at pH 1.75–4.0, but not 4.75–7.0. Cationic peptides were effective at approximately 1–30 μm; higher concentrations caused less dimerization, probably because two RG‐IIs then rarely bonded to the same peptide molecule. Peptides were ineffective at pH 1.75, their pH optimum being 2.5–4.75. d‐Apiose (>40 mm) blocked RG‐II dimerization in vitro, but did not cleave existing boron bridges. Rosa cells did not take up d‐[U‐14C]apiose; therefore, exogenous apiose would block only apoplastic RG‐II dimerization in vivo. In conclusion, apoplastic pH neither broke boron bridges nor prevented their formation. Thus boron‐starved cells cannot salvage boron from RG‐II, and ‘acid growth’ is not achieved by pH‐dependent monomerization of RG‐II. Divalent metals and cationic peptides catalyse RG‐II dimerization via co‐ordinate and ionic bonding respectively (possible and impossible, respectively, at pH 1.75). Exogenous apiose may be useful to distinguish intra‐ and extra‐protoplasmic dimerization.