bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of thallus melanisation on the sensitivity of lichens to heat stress
Authors: Chowaniec Karolina , Latkowska Ewa , Skubała Kaja 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtreme climatic phenomena such as heat waves, heavy rainfall and prolonged droughts are one of the main problems associated with ongoing climate change. The global increase in extreme rainfalls associated with summer heatwaves are projected to increase in amplitude and frequency in the near future. However, the consequences of such extreme events on lichens are largely unknown. The aim was to determine the effect of heat stress on the physiology of lichen Cetraria aculeata in a metabolically active state and to verify whether strongly melanised thalli are more resistant than poorly melanised thalli. In the present study, melanin was extracted from C. aculeata for the first time. Our study showed that the critical temperature for metabolism is around 35 °C. Both symbiotic partners responded to heat stress, manifested by the decreased maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, high level of cell membrane damage, increased membrane lipid peroxidation and decreased dehydrogenase activity. Highly melanised thalli were more sensitive to heat stress, which excludes the role of melanins as compounds protecting against heat stress. Therefore, mycobiont melanisation imposes a trade-off between protection against UV and avoidance of damage caused by high temperature. It can be concluded that heavy rainfall during high temperatures may significantly deteriorate the physiological condition of melanised thalli. However, the level of membrane lipid peroxidation in melanised thalli decreased over time after exposure, suggesting greater efficiency of antioxidant defence mechanisms. Given the ongoing climate changes, many lichen species may require a great deal of plasticity to maintain their physiological state at a level that ensures their survival.
Overlap in meaning is a stronger predictor of semantic activation in GPT-3 than in humans
Authors: Digutsch Jan , Kosinski Michal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModern large language models generate texts that are virtually indistinguishable from those written by humans and achieve near-human performance in comprehension and reasoning tests. Yet, their complexity makes it difficult to explain and predict their functioning. We examined a state-of-the-art language model (GPT-3) using lexical decision tasks widely used to study the structure of semantic memory in humans. The results of four analyses showed that GPT-3’s patterns of semantic activation are broadly similar to those observed in humans, showing significantly higher semantic activation in related (e.g., “lime–lemon”) word pairs than in other-related (e.g., “sour–lemon”) or unrelated (e.g., “tourist–lemon”) word pairs. However, there are also significant differences between GPT-3 and humans. GPT-3’s semantic activation is better predicted by similarity in words’ meaning (i.e., semantic similarity) rather than their co-occurrence in the language (i.e., associative similarity). This suggests that GPT-3’s semantic network is organized around word meaning rather than their co-occurrence in text.
Genetic variation in cis-regulatory domains suggests cell type-specific regulatory mechanisms in immunity
Authors: Avalos Diana , Rey Guillaume , Ribeiro Diogo M. , Ramisch Anna , Dermitzakis Emmanouil T. , Delaneau Olivier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudying the interplay between genetic variation, epigenetic changes, and regulation of gene expression is crucial to understand the modification of cellular states in various conditions, including immune diseases. In this study, we characterize the cell-specificity in three key cells of the human immune system by building cis maps of regulatory regions with coordinated activity (CRDs) from ChIP-seq peaks and methylation data. We find that only 33% of CRD-gene associations are shared between cell types, revealing how similarly located regulatory regions provide cell-specific modulation of gene activity. We emphasize important biological mechanisms, as most of our associations are enriched in cell-specific transcription factor binding sites, blood-traits, and immune disease-associated loci. Notably, we show that CRD-QTLs aid in interpreting GWAS findings and help prioritize variants for testing functional hypotheses within human complex diseases. Additionally, we map trans CRD regulatory associations, and among 207 trans-eQTLs discovered, 46 overlap with the QTLGen Consortium meta-analysis in whole blood, showing that mapping functional regulatory units using population genomics allows discovering important mechanisms in the regulation of gene expression in immune cells. Finally, we constitute a comprehensive resource describing multi-omics changes to gain a greater understanding of cell-type specific regulatory mechanisms of immunity.
Prediction of ciprofloxacin resistance in hospitalized patients using machine learning
Authors: Mintz Igor , Chowers Michal , Obolski Uri 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Ciprofloxacin is a widely used antibiotic that has lost efficiency due to extensive resistance. We developed machine learning (ML) models that predict the probability of ciprofloxacin resistance in hospitalized patients.

Methods
Data were collected from electronic records of hospitalized patients with positive bacterial cultures, during 2016-2019. Susceptibility results to ciprofloxacin (n = 10,053 cultures) were obtained for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus. An ensemble model, combining several base models, was developed to predict ciprofloxacin resistant cultures, either with (gnostic) or without (agnostic) information on the infecting bacterial species.

Results
The ensemble models’ predictions are well-calibrated, and yield ROC-AUCs (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.737 (95%CI 0.715–0.758) and 0.837 (95%CI 0.821–0.854) on independent test-sets for the agnostic and gnostic datasets, respectively. Shapley additive explanations analysis identifies that influential variables are related to resistance of previous infections, where patients arrived from (hospital, nursing home, etc.), and recent resistance frequencies in the hospital. A decision curve analysis reveals that implementing our models can be beneficial in a wide range of cost-benefits considerations of ciprofloxacin administration.

Conclusions
This study develops ML models to predict ciprofloxacin resistance in hospitalized patients. The models achieve high predictive ability, are well calibrated, have substantial net-benefit across a wide range of conditions, and rely on predictors consistent with the literature. This is a further step on the way to inclusion of ML decision support systems into clinical practice.
Generative adversarial networks based motion learning towards robotic calligraphy synthesis
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Yang Yilong , Wang Weiru , Zhou Yuanhua , Yin Yongfeng , Gong Zhiguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRobot calligraphy visually reflects the motion capability of robotic manipulators. While traditional researches mainly focus on image generation and the writing of simple calligraphic strokes or characters, this article presents a generative adversarial network (GAN)‐based motion learning method for robotic calligraphy synthesis (Gan2CS) that can enhance the efficiency in writing complex calligraphy words and reproducing classic calligraphy works. The key technologies in the proposed approach include: (1) adopting the GAN to learn the motion parameters from the robot writing operation; (2) converting the learnt motion data into the style font and realising the transition from static calligraphy images to dynamic writing demonstration; (3) reproducing high‐precision calligraphy works by synthesising the writing motion data hierarchically. In this study, the motion trajectories of sample calligraphy images are firstly extracted and converted into the robot module. The robot performs the writing with motion planning, and the writing motion parameters of calligraphy strokes are learnt with GANs. Then the motion data of basic strokes is synthesised based on the hierarchical process of ‘stroke‐radical‐part‐character’. And the robot re‐writes the synthesised characters whose similarity with the original calligraphy characters is evaluated. Regular calligraphy characters have been tested in the experiments for method validation and the results validated that the robot can actualise the robotic calligraphy synthesis of writing motion data with GAN.
Fault reconstruction method of high redundancy satellite power distribution unit
Authors: Ye Zeyu , Yin Jingyuan , Zhang Tongshuo , Zheng Sha , Zeng Qingpeng , Wei Tongzhen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSatellite electrical power supply system requires higher redundancy and reliability. The failure of the secondary power supply of the power distribution unit will directly lead to the unavailability of the load. The matrix switch can connect multiple secondary power supplies to multiple loads to improve the fault tolerance of the distribution unit. As the number of redundant switches increases, the process of fault reconstruction becomes more complex. In this paper, a matrix switch fault reconstruction method based on 0–1 integer programming is proposed. This method can reconstruct the matrix switch for different fault modes to meet the electrical power supply and protection requirements of the load. Compared with the general fault countermeasure, this method has independent decision‐making ability, can be expanded by modifying a few parameters, and can be integrated into the management of the whole satellite power supply system. A 500‐W satellite power supply system experimental platform was built, and a matrix distribution switch unit prototype meeting the requirements of integration and low volume was manufactured. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the reconstruction strategy when dealing with multiple faults in different locations.
Correction of ionosphere phase contamination of high‐frequency hybrid sky‐surface wave radar using wavelet transform
Authors: Feng Mengyan , Fang Hanxian , Wu Xiongbin , Ai Weihua , Yue Xianchang , Zhang Lan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIonospheric phase contamination (IPC) is a major contributor to the imprecise retrieval of ocean dynamics parameters by the high‐frequency hybrid sky‐surface wave radar (HFHSSW). Since the direct wave and sea echo of HFHSSW have comparable IPC, the information of ocean dynamics parameters can be preserved by using the IPC extracted from the direct waves to correct the sea echoes. In this article, a wavelet transform (WT) algorithm for HFHSSW sea echo correction is proposed. The direct waves are decomposed using a series of wavelet functions constructed with complex Morlet wavelets in order to extract the IPC and correct the sea echoes. The authors enumerated two examples and counted the correction results for 50 echoes to validate the performance of the WT algorithm. The results demonstrate that the WT algorithm enhances the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the sea echoes and suppresses the broadening of the sea echoes. The 6‐dB bandwidth of the positive and negative first‐order Bragg peaks (B+, B−) decreases by 32.96% and 35.04% respectively, while the SNR increases by 1.16 and 1.21 dB respectively. In comparison to the generalised S‐transform (GST algorithm), the computation speed of the WT algorithm is approximately 3.2 times that of the GST algorithm, making it more suitable for practical operation.
The Outer spiral arm of the Milky Way using red clump stars
Authors: Uppal Namita , Ganesh Shashikiran , Schultheis Mathias 
Published: March 2023

Aims. Our aim is to provide an observational view of the old disc structure of the Milky Way galaxy using the distribution of red clump (RC) stars. The spiral arms, warp structure, and other asymmetries present in the disc are revisited using a systematic study of RC star counts over the disc of the Galaxy.
Methods. We developed a method for systematically extracting the RC stars from a 2MASS (J − Ks, J) colour-magnitude diagram of 1° ×1° bins in ℓ × b, covering the range 40° ≤ ℓ ≤ 320° and −10° ≤ b ≤ 10°. 2MASS data continue to be important because we are able to identify and trace the RC stars to much farther distances than in any optical survey of the Galactic disc. The foreground star contamination in the selected sample was removed using the accurate astrometric data from Gaia EDR3. We analysed the spiral arms and asymmetry in the Galaxy above and below the Galactic plane in galactocentric coordinates.
Results. We have generated a face-on-view (XY-plane) of the Galaxy depicting the density distribution and count ratio above and below the Galactic plane. The resulting over-density of RC stars traces the continuous morphology of the Outer arm from the second to the third Galactic quadrant. This is the first study to map the Outer arms across the disc using RC stars. Through this study, we are able to trace the Outer arm well into the third Galactic quadrant for the first time. In addition to the spiral structures, we also see a wave-like asymmetry above and below the Galactic plane with respect to longitudes, indicating the warp structure. The warp structure is studied systematically by tracing the ratio of RC stars above and below the Galactic plane. We provide the first direct observational evidence of the asymmetry in the outer spiral arms, confirming that the spiral arms traced by the older population are also warped, similar to the disc.
Implicit electric field conjugation: Data-driven focal plane control
Authors: Haffert S. Y. , Males J. R. , Ahn K. , Van Gorkom K. , Guyon O. , Close L. M. , Long J. D. , Hedglen A. D. , Schatz L. , Kautz M. , Lumbres J. , Rodack A. , Knight J. M. , Miller K. 
Published: March 2023

Context.Direct imaging of Earth-like planets is one of the main science cases for the next generation of extremely large telescopes. This is very challenging due to the star-planet contrast that has to be overcome. Most current high-contrast imaging instruments are limited in sensitivity at small angular separations due to non-common path aberrations (NCPA). The NCPA leak through the corona-graph and create bright speckles that limit the on-sky contrast and therefore also the post-processed contrast.Aims.We aim to remove the NCPA by active focal plane wavefront control using a data-driven approach.Methods.We developed a new approach to dark hole creation and maintenance that does not require an instrument model. This new approach is called implicit Electric Field Conjugation (iEFC) and it can be empirically calibrated. This makes it robust for complex instruments where optical models might be difficult to realize. Numerical simulations have been used to explore the performance of iEFC for different coronagraphs. The method was validated on the internal source of the Magellan Adaptive Optics extreme (MagAO-X) instrument to demonstrate iEFC’s performance on a real instrument.Results.Numerical experiments demonstrate that iEFC can achieve deep contrast below 10−9with several coronagraphs. The method is easily extended to broadband measurements and the simulations show that a bandwidth up to 40% can be handled without problems. Lab experiments with MagAO-X showed a contrast gain of a factor 10 in a broadband light and a factor 20–200 in narrowband light. A contrast of 5 × 10−8was achieved with the Phase Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraph at 7.5λ/D.Conclusions.The new iEFC method has been demonstrated to work in numerical and lab experiments. It is a method that can be empirically calibrated and it can achieve deep contrast. This makes it a valuable approach for complex ground-based high-contrast imaging systems.
Modeling CME encounters at Parker Solar Probe with OSPREI: Dependence on photospheric and coronal conditions
Authors: Ledvina Vincent E. , Palmerio Erika , Kay Christina , Al-Haddad Nada , Riley Pete 
Published: March 2023

Context.Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are eruptions of plasma from the Sun that travel through interplanetary space and may encounter Earth. CMEs often enclose a magnetic flux rope (MFR), the orientation of which largely determines the CMEs’ geoeffectiveness. Current operational CME models do not model MFRs, but a number of research ones do, including the Open Solar Physics Rapid Ensemble Information (OSPREI) model.Aims.We report the sensitivity of OSPREI to a range of user-selected photospheric and coronal conditions.Methods.We modeled four separate CMEs observed in situ by Parker Solar Probe (PSP). We varied the input photospheric conditions using four input magnetograms (HMI Synchronic, HMI Synoptic, GONG Synoptic Zero-Point Corrected, and GONG ADAPT). To vary the coronal field reconstruction, we employed the Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) model and varied its source-surface height in the range 1.5–3.0R⊙with 0.1R⊙increments.Results.We find that both the input magnetogram and PFSS source surface often affect the evolution of the CME as it propagates through the Sun’s corona into interplanetary space, and therefore the accuracy of the MFR prediction compared to in situ data at PSP. There is no obvious best combination of input magnetogram and PFSS source surface height.Conclusions.The OSPREI model is moderately sensitive to the input photospheric and coronal conditions. Based on where the source region of the CME is located on the Sun, there may be best practices when selecting an input magnetogram to use.
JWST Observations of Young protoStars (JOYS)
Authors: Beuther H. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Tychoniec L. , Gieser C. , Kavanagh P. J. , Perotti G. , van Gelder M. L. , Klaassen P. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Francis L. , Rocha W. R. M. , Slavicinska K. , Ray T. , Justtanont K. , Linnartz H. , Waelkens C. , Colina L. , Greve T. , Güdel M. , Henning T. , Lagage P.-O. , Vandenbussche B. , Östlin G. , Wright G. 
Published: March 2023

Context. Understanding the earliest stages of star formation, and setting it in the context of the general cycle of matter in the interstellar medium, is a central aspect of research with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
Aims. The JWST program JOYS (JWST Observations of Young protoStars) aims to characterize the physical and chemical properties of young high- and low-mass star-forming regions, in particular the unique mid-infrared diagnostics of the warmer gas and solid-state components. We present early results from the high-mass star formation region IRAS 23385+6053.
Methods. The JOYS program uses the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Medium Resolution Spectrometer (MRS) with its integral field unit (IFU) to investigate a sample of high- and low-mass star-forming protostellar systems.
Results. The full 5–28 µm MIRI MRS spectrum of IRAS 23385+6053 shows a plethora of interesting features. While the general spectrum is typical for an embedded protostar, we see many atomic and molecular gas lines boosted by the higher spectral resolution and sensitivity compared to previous space missions. Furthermore, ice and dust absorption features are also present. Here, we focus on the continuum emission, outflow tracers such as the H2(0–0)S(7), [FeII](4F9/2−6D9/2), and [NeII](2P1/2−2P3/2) lines, and the potential accretion tracer Humphreys α H I(7−6). The short-wavelength MIRI data resolve two continuum sources, A and B; mid-infrared source A is associated with the main millimeter continuum peak. The combination of mid-infrared and millimeter data reveals a young cluster in the making. Combining the mid-infrared outflow tracers H2, [FeII], and [NeII] with millimeter SiO data reveals a complex interplay of at least three molecular outflows driven by protostars in the forming cluster. Furthermore, the Humphreys α line is detected at a 3–4σ level toward the mid-infrared sources A and B. One can roughly estimate both accretion luminosities and corresponding accretion rates to be between ~2.6 × 10−6 and ~0.9 × 10−4 M⊙ yr−1. This is discussed in the context of the observed outflow rates.
Conclusions. The analysis of the MIRI MRS observations for this young high-mass star-forming region reveals connected outflow and accretion signatures, as well as the enormous potential of JWST to boost our understanding of the physical and chemical processes at play during star formation.
HNO-Wissen bei HNO-Ärzten: Eine Analyse der Quizfragen in der HNO-App
Authors: Johannsen Jannik , Shabli Sami , Klußmann Jens Peter , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Lüers Jan-Christoffer 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die HNO-App, eine Smartphone-App zur Fort- und Weiterbildung für HNO-Ärzte und HNO-Interessierte, ergänzt bestehende Angebote der ärztlichen Aus- und Weiterbildung. Das Prinzip des game-based E-Learning kann in Zeiten von Digitalisierung und Pandemie neue Perspektiven eröffnen. Herzstück der App ist ein großes HNO-Quiz, in welchem App-Nutzer im Duell-Modus gegeneinander antreten. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die Leistung der App-Nutzer im Quizmodul unter Berücksichtigung der Fragenkategorien und dem Ausbildungsstand der Nutzer.
Material und Methoden Retrospektiv erfolgte eine Auswertung der Quizfragen für die ersten 24 Monate nach Einführung der App. In 16 verschiedenen Kategorien standen 3593 verschiedene Fragen zur Auswahl. Anhand des Ausbildungsstandes wurde unterschieden zwischen Ärzten in Weiterbildung, Fachärzten, Oberärzten, Chefärzten und Ordinaria. Zudem standen Daten zu Studierenden und Nichtmedizinern zur Verfügung.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Unterschied des Wissensstandes der Nutzer unter Berücksichtigung des Ausbildungsstandes. Die Gruppe der Ärzte in Weiterbildung (n=1013) stellte die größte Gruppe dar, hier wurden durchschnittlich 244 Fragen pro Nutzer gespielt und 65,1% der Fragen richtig beantwortet. Damit erreichten sie eine signifikant bessere Antwortquote als die Gruppe der Fachärzte (n=566), welche 61,0% der Fragen richtig beantworten konnte.
Schlussfolgerung Insbesondere für Ärzte in Weiterbildung scheint die spielerische Form der Fortbildung durch das HNO-Quiz in der App attraktiv zu sein. Zudem erzielte diese Nutzergruppe bessere Antwortquoten als Fachärzte.
How to Transform a Perforator Propeller Flap into a Keystone Flap in Case of Unsatisfying Perforator Vessel Local Perforator Flap Coverage in Limbs
Authors: Ciucur Elena , Boukhenouna Hadj , Guena Benjamin , Garrido-Stowhas I. , Herlin Christian , Chaput Benoit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModerate soft-tissue defects need stable coverage, ideally with tissue of similar characteristics and low donor site morbidity. We propose a simple technique for the coverage of moderate skin defects in the limbs. It allows intraoperative transformation of a propeller perforator flap (PPF) into a keystone design perforator flap (KDPF) in cases of unsatisfying perforator vessel or in cases of unpredictable intraoperative events. Between March 2013 and July 2019, nine patients with moderate soft-tissue defects (mean defect size 4.5 × 7.6 cm) in the limbs (two on the upper limbs and seven on the lower limbs) were covered using this technique. We performed four PPFs and five KDPFs. The mean follow-up was 5 months. There was one complication, partial distal tip necrosis in a PPF located in the leg, which healed by secondary intention within 3 weeks. The donor site was closed directly in all cases. No functional impairments were noted regardless of the perforator flap utilized. This technique enables us to employ flexible surgical strategies and allows us to make adjustments based on the patient's vascular anatomy.