bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressor Cells in the Rabbit Appendix
Authors: Kamin Roberta M. , Henry Claudia , Fudenberg H. Hugh 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit appendix cells added to cultures of spleen cells, primed in vivo to sheep red blood cells, horse red blood cells, or azo-phenyl β-lactoside-keyhole limpet hemocyanin suppressed the secondary in vitro response of the spleen cells to the test antigen. In the sheep red blood cell system, suppression of the IgM response was found to be less than that of the IgG response and was independent from it. Although suppression of both the IgG and IgM responses could be demonstrated when appendix cells were added at the onset of culture or 24 hr after culture initiation, suppression of the IgM response was less when appendix cells were added 48 hr after culture initiation. Two lines of evidence indicated that a T cell population was involved in the suppression observed: a) complement-dependent cytolysis by antithymocyte serum of appendix cells reduced the degree of suppression produced, and b) appendix cell suspensions, enriched for T cells by nylon wool column adsorption of B cells, had enhanced suppressor activity. Suppressor cell activity was also found in spleen and Peyer's patches. The observation that normal cell populations of appendix, spleen, and Peyer's patches were capable of suppressing the secondary in vitro response to azo-phenyl β-lactoside, indicated a general rather than an antigen-specific suppression. It is proposed that the suppressor activity of the appendix may be a key function of this organ.
Tolerance and Contact Sensitivity to DNFB in Mice
Authors: Phanuphak Praphan , Moorhead John W. , Claman Henry N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mice were made tolerant to DNFB contact sensitization by pretreatment with DNB-SO3. Lymph node (LN) or spleen cells from such tolerant mice could specifically suppress the development of contact sensitivity to DNFB when adoptively transferred into normal (lightly irradiated) recipients. Mice receiving LN or spleen cells from tolerant donors were skin-painted with DNFB but failed to develop significant skin reactions when challenged with DNFB on the ears. LN cells from these same recipients also did not show antigen-driven DNA synthesis in vitro when stimulated with DNB-SO3. Tolerance was shown to be T cell dependent as prior treatment of tolerant LN cells with anti-ϑ serum and complement inhibited the adoptive transfer of tolerance while passage of these cells over an anti-immunoglobulin column had no such effect. Adoptive transfer of tolerance could not be accomplished via transfer of serum from tolerant donors. While lymphocytes from tolerant donors could prevent the development of contact sensitivity by normal recipients, they could not inhibit the expression of contact sensitivity of previously sensitized cells. Thus, cells from tolerant animals appear to inhibit the afferent limb but not the efferent limb of contact sensitivity. In this context, they may be termed “suppressor T cells.”
Association of Receptors for Mouse IgE with the Plasma Membrane of Rat Mast Cells
Authors: König Wolfgang , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence was presented that mouse reaginic antibody can be absorbed with rat peritoneal mast cells. After disruption of whole peritoneal cells by ultrasonication in a hypotonic medium and subsequent differential centrifugation, the 20,000 × G supernatant blocked passive cutaneous anaphylaxis with mouse reaginic antibody. The same fraction from mast cell-depleted preparation failed to block the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. Further purification was achieved by centrifugation on 35% Ficoll and by gel filtration through Sepharose 6B column. The blocking activity and membrane-specific enzymes were eluted from Sepharose column in the void volume. Chromatography on DEAE cellulose separated the blocking fraction from the major bulk of the enzymatic membrane markers. Rechromatography of the active DEAE fraction on Sepharose 6B revealed a different elution pattern for the active component. Activity was recovered from the fractions between void volume and blue dextran (2000) elution thus indicating an apparent cleavage of cell membranes to a smaller size. Similar data were obtained with purified mast cells.
Graft-Versus-Host and Cytotoxic Activity of Rat Thoracic Duct Lymphocytes Fractionated by Zonal Centrifugation after Culture on Allogeneic Fibroblasts
Authors: Bowers William E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Large cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated by culturing syngeneic rat thoracic duct lymphocytes on a monolayer of allogeneic fibroblasts. Lymphocytes removed from culture at 5 days were fractionated by zonal centrifugation, and as expected, cytotoxicity was found to be a property of the large cells. At the same time, graft-vs-host activity of the small lymphocytes purified by zonal centrifugation was assayed by a quantitative method. Activities similar to controls were found in both specific (Ag-B-identical to those of fibroblasts) and nonspecific (Ag-B-different from those of fibroblasts) semiallogeneic F1 hybrids. Cultures were also terminated after 3 and 4 days, and graft-vs-host assays were performed on small lymphocytes purified by zonal centrifugation. The activities also did not differ markedly from the controls. Hence, large cytotoxic lymphocytes are not generated at the expense of small lymphocytes capable of specific graft-vs-host activity; various possibilities for this finding are discussed.
Interaction of IgE with Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Carson Dennis A. , Metzger Henry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rat leukemic basophils with surface-bound IgE were reacted with fluoresceinated anti-IgE. The results were qualitatively similar to those obtained in analogous studies with lymphocytes, normal human basophils, and other cells: local aggregation (patch formation) was only moderately temperature-dependent and was uninhibited by NaN3. Polar cap formation was significantly more sensitive to temperature and was completely inhibited by 0.01 to 0.1 M NaN3 and cytochalasin B. The amount and rate of capping could be altered by varying either the number of bound IgE molecules or the anti-IgE concentration indicating that lattice formation is required for redistribution. Monovalent Fab′ fragments of the anti-IgE caused no redistribution. No endocytosis of the antibody-surface determinant complexes was observed. Under conditions adequate to inhibit cap formation on mouse lymphocytes, concanavalin A did not inhibit cap formation on the leukemic basophils.
Macrophage-Lymphocyte Synergy in the Production of Osteoclast Activating Factor
Authors: Horton John E. , Oppenheim Joost J. , Mergenhagen Stephan E. , Raisz Lawrence G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Supernatants from cultures of activated normal human peripheral blood leukocytes contain a factor which stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. The present study indicates that osteoclast activating factor (OAF) is produced by phytohemagglutinin-activated mononuclear cells within 6 hr of activation, and that peak production is associated with increased amino acid incorporation into protein but precedes increased thymidine incorporation into DNA. Granulocytes, platelets, and red cells were not necessary for the production of OAF, since mononuclear cells purified on Ficoll-Hypaque gradients and devoid of these elements produced as much OAF as unseparated leukocytes. Granulocyte extracts did not show bone-resorbing activity. The production of OAF by mononuclear cells was impaired by irradiation, suggesting that it is made by radiosensitive lymphocytes rather than radioresistant macrophages. However, OAF was not produced by lymphocytes purified on glass-bead columns although these cells could respond to phytohemagglutinin with increased thymidine and amino acid incorporation. Purified macrophages also failed to produce substantial bone-resorbing activity. However, when a small number of irradiated but viable macrophages (5 × 104 cells/ml) was added to glass bead-purified lymphocytes (2 × 106 cells/ml), OAF production was as great as with unseparated mononuclear cell populations. These results suggest that OAF is produced by lymphocytes, but that its production is dependent on macrophage-lymphocyte interaction. OAF is a unique bone-resorbing factor which may play an important role in bone lesions associated with chronic inflammation and neoplasia. The cellular mechanisms for its production participate in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Human Lymphotoxin Obtained from Established Lymphoid Lines: Purification Characteristics and Inhibition by Anti-Immunoglobulin
Authors: Amino Nobuyuki , Linn Edward S. , Pysher Theodore J. , Mier Richard , Moore George E. , DeGroot Leslie J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human lymphotoxin obtained from established lymphoid cell lines (HLT-LCL) was studied in detail and purified using ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, ion-exchange column chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. HLT-LCL is stable at 20°C for over 1 year, at 4°C for 3 weeks, and at 37°C for 1 week. HLT-LCL showed a decrease in activity at pH 2.0 and 3.0, but was stable at a pH range of 5.0–11.0 HLT-LCL, which contained fetal calf serum, was purified 50-fold. HLT-LCL obtained from serum-free culture medium yielded greater purity, although complete purification was not achieved. Antiserum to HLT-LCL neutralized the cytotoxic activity of HLT-LCL, HLT induced by PHA (HLT-PHA), and HLT induced by PPD (HLT-PPD). Antiserum to human IgG, λ-type L chain, and Fc fragment partially but significantly inhibited HLT-LCL activity. These data, together with previous reports, indicate that the HLT-LCL molecule is immunologically similar to HLT-PHA and HLT-PPD and suggest that there is immunologic cross-reactivity with IgG globulin.
Heterogeneity of Antinucleolar Antibody and IgE Antinuclear Antibody in Patients with Systemic Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Miyawaki Shoji , Ritchie Robert F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antinucleolar antibodies (ANoA) were found most frequently in patients with systemic sclerosis and atypical illnesses manifesting Raynaud's phenomenon. These usually were found to be of more than two immunoglobulin classes. Over 70% of sera with ANoA fixed C3 and C4. IgE ANoA was found in 56% of our patients. IgE antinuclear antibodies were found in 48% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 58% of patients with procainamide-induced systemic lupus erythematosus, and in only 5% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Immunochemical Classification of Nonisolated Light Chains of Immunoglobulins
Authors: McLaughlin Carla L. , Solomon Alan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antigenic sites of the light chain are often masked in the intact immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule; and because many of our anti-light chain antisera have stronger reactivity with the free light chain than with the intact Ig molecule, a microtechnique for reduction and alkylation of homogeneous immunoglobulins which does not require isolation of the light chain before immunochemical typing was used in preparation of type K myeloma proteins and M macroglobulins for immunochemical analyses without group-specific antisera. Antisera specific for κI, κII, κIII, and κIV light chains were used in immunodiffusion analyses of the reduced and alkylated Ig; antigenic identity between the treated Ig and homologous isolated light chain was readily demonstrable. The classification of the light chains of proteins of known antibody activity, e.g., cold agglutinins, as well as the study of proteins available in small quantity, was facilitated by the use of the microtechnique for reduction and alkylation.
Clonal Expansion of Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated B Lymphocytes
Authors: Quintáns José , Lefkovits Ivan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria (LPS) on the activation and clonal expansion of B cell precursors specific for SRC has been studies in a microculture system.
Results indicate that LPS can activate the precursor cells to antibody production in the absence of antigen and without significant cell proliferation. Clonal expansion will ensure only if LPS and SRC are present.
Characterization of Lymphocytes in Bronchial Lavage Fluid from Monkeys
Authors: Kazmierowski John A. , Fauci Anthony S. , Reynolds Herbert Y. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
At least two populations of lymphocytes can be identified in primate lung washings, one forming rosettes with SRBC and another forming rosettes with erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes. The response to mitogens by cells from lavage fluid is similar to spleen and blood lymphocytes. The distribution of lymphocytes in pulmonary lavage fluid is similar to that found in the peripheral blood. The identity of lymphocyte populations in respiratory fluids has relevance in understanding the immunologic capabilities of the primate respiratory tract.
Comparative Studies on Monotypic IgMλ and IgGκ from an Individual Patient
Authors: Hopper John E. , Noyes Claudia , Heinrikson Robert , Kessel James W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Amino terminal sequence analyses were performed on the H and L chains of the idiotypically related IgMλ and IgGκ paraproteins isolated from the sera of a patient, Br. The N-terminal 41 residues of the Br κ-chain belonged to the VKIII subgroup, and L chains derived from BrIgMλ revealed a blocked N-terminus characteristic of λ-chains.
Comparative sequence analysis of the Br µ- and γ-chains indicated that, although both possessed an unblocked N-terminal glutamic acid, the respective VH regions belonged to separate subgroups. The N-terminal 27 residues of the Br µ-chain reflected a typical VHIII subgroup sequence. The Br γ-chain sequence demonstrated a VHI pattern with an unblocked N-terminus. These structural data stand ir contrast to previously reported serologic evidence, which indicated that the BrIgMλ and BrIgGκ proteins possessed highly similar VH-associated idiotypic determinants. Final interpretation of these findings of similar VH idiotypic determinants expressed by H chains belonging to separate VH subgroups must await complete sequence analysis of the hypervariable segments of the Br γ- and µ-chains.
The Role of Plasmin on the Double Antibody Radioimmunoassay of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Human Blood Samples
Authors: Das Saroj , Das B. R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on a series of freshly drawn out concurrent plasma and serum samples of normal human blood donors showed that the serum CEA values were invariably higher than the corresponding plasma CEA values. Extraneous addition of fibrinogen brought down the serum-CEA level to a value comparable to or less than the corresponding plasma value. The effect of certain factors associated with blood clotting, particularly Ca++, fibrinogen, and the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin, was investigated. Ca++ was shown to play no role whereas the effect of fibrinogen was shown to be indirect in that it served as a specific substrate for plasmin, thereby preventing the plasmin degradation of the primary antibody used in the RIA. The finding stresses the role of enzymes like plasmin in double antibody RIA in general and may explain some of the anomalous results obtained when testing biologic material containing plasmin-like substances.
Phytohemagglutinin-Induced Proliferation of Guinea Pig Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes
Authors: Lipsky Peter E. , Ellner Jerrold J. , Rosenthal Alan S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The accessory cell requirement for mitogen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation has been investigated by using a population of guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes enriched in T cells and markedly depleted of macrophages and B lymphocytes. We have found that effective phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of T cells is dependent on the participation of accessory cells. Augmentation of PHA responsiveness was noted when cultural conditions were manipulated to increase cell density, suggesting that physical proximity between T cell and accessory cell is required for efficient triggering. Both syngeneic and allogeneic macrophages, as well as syngeneic fibroblasts, serve as accessory cells in this response whereas polymorphonuclear leukocytes or thymocytes do not. Thus, although PHA-induced T lymphocyte proliferation requires accessory cells, the specificity of these cells is strikingly less stringent than for antigen-mediated triggering of immune guinea pig T cells, a response which is dependent upon participation of syngeneic macrophages.
Idiotypic Specificities of Anti-Rh Antibodies
Authors: Natvig J. B. , Kunkel H. G. , Rosenfield R. E. , Dalton J. F. , Kochwa S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Idiotypic antibodies were produced in rabbits to Rh antibodies isolated from the serum of an individual with high Rh antibody titer. These antisera after absorption with pooled IgG failed to react with immunoglobulins lacking anti-Rh activity. They agglutinated cells coated with the immunizing antibody to high titers. Two other anti-Rh coats out of 22 tested also were agglutinated but to considerably reduced titers indicating a degree of anti-Rh cross specificity. Four other antisera made to red cells coated with different anti-Rh antibodies showed definite but weaker idiotypic specificity.
Both the idiotypic and cross-idiotypic antigens of the Rh antibodies were completely blocked when univalent fragments of the Rh antibodies were bound to antigen on the red cell.
The Formation of Septate-Like Junctional Complexes between Lymphoid Cells in Vitro
Authors: McIntype John A. , Pierce Carl W. , Karnovsky Morris J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During the initial 48 hr of incubation in immunized Mishell-Dutton spleen cell cultures, most lymphocytes exist as single cells or an occasional pair of cells (doublets). Ultrastructural examination of the area between those cells forming doublets revealed a septate-like junctional complex occurring over large portions of the plasmalemma. This junctional zone persisted in areas where extensive cytoplasmic interdigitation among cell processes was evident. Approximately 1% of the lymphocytes isolated from the top fraction of a discontinuous fetal calf serum gradient were involved in formation of doublets. The majority of these doublets showed evidence of junctional interaction. Moreover, this septate-like zone of adhesion was seen using several different fixatives and stains and remained intact after osmotic cell disruption. The junction was not demonstrable by using freeze-fracture techniques and therefore must be limited to interactions within the surface of the cells.
Identification of Heavy Chain Tyrosine 33 in the Binding Site of Myeloma Protein McPC 603 by Paired Label Iodination
Authors: Grossberg Allan L. , Roholt Oliver A. , Pressman David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The phosphorylcholine binding mouse myeloma protein McPC 603 has been shown to have tyrosyl residues in its binding sites by the fact that iodination of the protein causes extensive loss of binding activity which can be substantially retained when the protein is iodinated with sites occupied by ligand. Paired label iodination of McPC 603 protein allowed identification of the tyrosine involved and showed the tyrosine to be in the heavy chain. Gel filtration of heavy chain peptides enabled the tyrosyl-containing peptide of interest to be identified as the N-terminal 33 residue peptide in which the only tyrosine is Tyr 33. Thus H chain Tyr 33 was shown to be a contact amino acid residue in the site of McPC 603 protein. These results provide chemical evidence confirming previously reported x-ray crystallographic identification of H chain Tyr 33 in the site of McPC 603 protein.
Purification of Homogeneous Murine Immunoglobulins with Anti-Fructofuranan Specificity
Authors: Vrana Mark , Tomašić Jelka , Glaudemans Cornelis P. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Homogenous IgAκ immunoglobulins ABPC-47 new, EPC-109, UPC-61 (anti-2,1 fructofuranan specificity) and homogeneous IgAκ ABPC-48 and IgGκ UPC-10 (anti-2,6 fructofuranan specificity) were purified by affinity chromatography by using inulin-and grass levan-Sepharose columns, respectively.
Release of Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis (Srs-A) from Human Leukocytes by the Calcium Ionophore A23187
Authors: Conroy Mary Carol , Orange Robert P. , Lichtenstein Lawrence M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability of the calcium ionophore A23187 to release slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from human leukocytes was studied. About 25 times more SRS-A activity was released from aliquots of leukocytes by ionophore stimulation than by antigen stimulation, although comparable amounts of histamine were released. Cell separation studies revealed that granulocytes other than basophils were also capable of releasing SRS-A. The contractile activity released after challenge with ionophore appeared physicochemically identical to the SRS-A of rat or human origin released by antigen challenge in terms of its stability to base hydrolysis, inactivation by arylsulfatase, and chromatographic behavior on silicic acid and Sephadex LH-20 columns. We suggest that some mediators of allergic reactions previously associated, in man, only with antigen-IgE antibody interaction on mast cells or basophils may be released by other stimuli and from other cell types.
The Role of Factor D for the Interaction of Zymosan with Components of the Properdin System: Studies with D-Depleted Guinea Pig Serum
Authors: Brade V. , Burger R. , Bitter-Suermann D. , Hadding U. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Serum was depleted of factor D by gel filtration and immunoabsorption with unsolubilized anti-D IgG. Substitution of this reagent (RD) with purified D̄ was found to fully reconstitute its function. In the following experiments the reaction of zymosan (Z) with RD was investigated; therefore these studies are concerned with the role of Factor D for the interaction of Z with components of the properdin system.
RD was incubated for 30 min at 0°C, or for 30 min at 37°C, with Z (10 mg/ml) in the presence of EGTA. After centrifugation both supernatants, as well as the corresponding Z particles, were analyzed. Both supernatants were found to contain identical amounts of B, whereas C3 was slightly reduced in the 37°C supernatant. After addition of Z and of purified D̄, both supernatants supported the formation of the C3-cleaving ZX-complex with the same efficiency as untreated RD. Thus, incubation of Z with RD was only followed by a slight loss of C3; no other factors of the properdin system appeared to be reduced in their activity.
Studies on the Activation of C1 by a Univalent Hapten-Antibody Complex
Authors: Goers J. , Ziccardi B. , Glovsky M. , Schumaker V. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The clasical serum complement system is efficiently activated by a complex formed between a monovalent DNP-polylysine hapten (nonadeca lysyl ε-DNP-lysine) and rabbit anti-DNP antibody. The hapten-antibody complex sediments as a single antibody molecule, but activates complement in the same concentration range as heat-aggregated human IgG, or immune aggregates (J. Biol. Chem. 250:4918, 1975). Activation by similar, but shorter, DNP-polylysine haptens occurs only when the polylysine chain is 9 to 10 lysyl residues in length. The activation of C1 by the hapten-antibody complex does not appear to be a result of an increased efficiency of the hapten-antibody complex to bind C1q. Ultracentrifugation studies show no difference in antibody-binding affinities to C1q with or without the DNP-polylysine hapten. However, activation of C1s to C11̄s by the hapten-antibody complex does occur at high antibody concentrations. Furthermore, the hapten-antibody complex and the hapten alone are both capable of activating a mixture of C1r and C1s.