bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) on COVID-19-related neurological disorders over the last 2 years: an up-to-date narrative review
Authors: Manganotti Paolo , Garascia Gabriele , Furlanis Giovanni , Buoite Stella Alex 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionAmong the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, neurological features have been commonly reported and the state-of-the-art technique suggests several mechanisms of action providing a pathophysiological rationale for central and peripheral neurological system involvement. However, during the 1stmonths of the pandemic, clinicians were challenged to find the best therapeutic options to treat COVID-19-related neurological conditions.MethodsWe explored the indexed medical literature in order to answer the question of whether IVIg could be included as a valid weapon in the therapeutic arsenal against COVID-19-induced neurological disorders.ResultsVirtually, all reviewed studies were in agreement of detecting an acceptable to great efficacy upon IVIg employment in neurological diseases, with no or mild adverse effects. In the first part of this narrative review, the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the nervous system has been discussed and the IVIg mechanisms of action were reviewed. In the second part, we collected scientific literature data over the last 2 years to discuss the use of IVIg therapy in different neuro-COVID conditions, thus providing a summary of the treatment strategies and key findings.DiscussionIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy is a versatile tool with multiple molecular targets and mechanisms of action that might respond to some of the suggested effects of infection through inflammatory and autoimmune responses. As such, IVIg therapy has been used in several COVID-19-related neurological diseases, including polyneuropathies, encephalitis, and status epilepticus, and results have often shown improvement of symptoms, thus suggesting IVIg treatment to be safe and effective.
The value of DCE- MRI of the breast as a diagnostic tool in assessing amorphous calcifications in screening mammography
Authors: Wang Siqi , Wang Hui , Li Yang , Lou Jianjuan , Zou Qigui , Jiang Yanni , Wu Feiyun , Tang Yuxia , Wang Shouju 
Published: April 2023

PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating benign and malignant amorphous calcifications.MethodsThis study included 193 female patients with 197 suspicious amorphous calcifications detected on screening mammography. The patients’ demographics, clinical follow-up, imaging, and pathology outcomes were reviewed, and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of DCE-MRI were calculated.ResultsOf 197 lesions (193 patients) included in the study, 50 (25.4%) were histologically proved to be malignant. DCE-MRI based on breast imaging report and diagnosis system (BI-RADS) had a sensitivity of 94.4%, specificity of 85.7%, PPV of 69.1%, and NPV of 97.7% for the detection of malignant amorphous calcifications. Notably, diagnosis solely based on the presence or absence of DCE-MRI enhancement showed the same sensitivity but significantly decreased specificity (44.8%, p &lt; 0.001) and PPV (44.8%, p &lt; 0.001). In patients with a minimal or mild degree of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV increased to 100%, 90.6%, 78.6%, and 100%, respectively. However, in patients with a moderate degree of BPE, MRI resulted in three false negatives of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Overall, the addition of DCE-MRI detected all invasive lesions and could decrease unnecessary biopsy by 65.5%.ConclusionDCE-MRI based on BI-RADS has the potential to improve the diagnosis of suspicious amorphous calcifications and avoid unnecessary biopsy, especially for those with low-degree BPE.
Status of pediatric echocardiography clinical trials: a cross-sectional study of registered trials in ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Mao Li-Juan , Wang Lan , Lv Dong-Mei 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThe objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of pediatric echocardiography clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.MethodsA data set including pediatric echocardiography clinical trials was downloaded from ClinicalTrials.gov until May 13, 2022. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Embase databases to extract publication data. Pediatric echocardiography trial characteristics, application areas, and publication status were described. The secondary objectives were to evaluate factors associated with trial publication.ResultsWe identified 410 pediatric echocardiography reporting definite age, of which 246 were interventional and 146 were observational. Drug interventions were the most commonly studied (32.9%). The most applied area of pediatric echocardiography was congenital heart disease, followed by hemodynamics of preterm or neonatal infants, cardiomyopathy, inflammatory heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, and cardio-oncology. According to the primary completion data, 54.9% of the trials were completed before August 2020. 34.2% of the trials had been published within 24 months. Union countries and quadruple masking were more likely to be published.ConclusionEchocardiography is rapidly evolving in pediatric clinical applications, including anatomic imaging and functional imaging. Novel speckle tracking techniques have also been pivotal in the assessment of cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction. A small number of clinical trials in pediatric echocardiography are published in a timely fashion. Concerted efforts are needed to promote trial transparency.
Characterisation of antimicrobial usage in Danish pigs in 2020
Authors: Moura Pedro , Sandberg Marianne , Høg Birgitte Borck , Niza-Ribeiro João , Nielsen Elisabeth Okholm , Alban Lis 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionDenmark is one of the world’s largest exporters of pigs and pig meat, so the sector plays an important role in the national antimicrobial use (AMU). The Danish government has run antimicrobial stewardship programs in collaboration with the pig industry for more than 25 years. These have resulted in substantial overall reductions in total AMU and limiting the use of fluoroquinolones, the 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporines and the polymyxin colistin. To understand where further reductions in AMU could take place, it is necessary to investigate which antimicrobials are being used, how, and for which reasons.Materials and methodsWe characterized the AMU in the Danish pig sector in 2020, providing new analytical insights based on data retrieved from the VetStat database. The AMU data were segmented into classes, routes of administration, treatment indications and age groups, and interpreted as an outcome of the interventions taken. We evaluated the current AMU regarding choice of antimicrobial class. Moreover, we discussed how to further improve the antimicrobial stewardship in Danish pig production to achieve additional reductions without jeopardizing animal welfare. Where relevant, two pig veterinary specialists were consulted.ResultsIn 2020, 43.3 mg antimicrobials per population correction unit (PCU) were ascribed to the Danish pig sector. There was practically no use of fluoroquinolones, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins and polymyxins. Weaners related to 45% of the total AMU in pigs when measured in tonnes and 81% when measured in defined animal daily doses, of these 76% were ascribed to gastrointestinal indications and overall, 83% were administered perorally.ConclusionTo enable further reductions in AMU, it should be investigated how and when to replace group treatments (e.g., all animals in section or a pen) with individual treatments. Moreover, prevention of disease and promotion of animal health should be prioritized, e.g., through focus on feed, vaccination, biosecurity, and disease eradication.
حق الاضراب لموظفي الدولة والقطاع الخاص في التشريع العراقي
Authors: سالم مصطفى 
Published: April 2023

إذا كان للموظف العام له الحق مثله مثل باقي المواطنين في ممارسة الحريات التي كفلها الدستور بصفة عامة والسياسية منها بصفة خاصة. فقد كفلت له هذا الحق اغلب الدساتير والتشريعات ووضع له من الضمانات ما يساعده على ممارسة هذه الحرية، بحيث لا تكون أرائه السياسية والتعبير عنها بمظاهرها المختلفة عقبة في سبيل حصوله على حقوقه وامتيازاته التي تقررها النظم الوظيفية.
فقد نصت ونظمت غالبية الدساتير الحقوق والحريات العامة فيها ومنها الحق في الإضراب باعتباره أحد وسائل التعبير عن الرأي، يلجأ اليه موظفو الدولة العموميين، أو العمال في قانون العمل بغية تحسين ظروف عملهم وتحقيق المطالب المهنية المشروعة مع استمرار عمل المرفق العام. إلا أن صفته كموظف العام تفرض عليه بعض القيود في ممارسته للحريات السياسية ومنها حق الاضراب لتقاطعه مع مبدأ استمرار سير المرافق العامة بانتظام واضطراد والتي تحكم عمل المرافق العامة في اشباع الحاجات العامة للأفراد. اباحه المشرع العراقي لعمال القطاع الخاص دون موظفي الدولة والقطاع العام على الرغم من ان المشرع اعتبره أحد وسائل التعبير عن الرأي.
وقد قسمنا بحثنا الى ثلاث مباحث. الأول بعنوان ماهية الاضراب، والثاني بعنوان الطبيعة القانونية للأضراب وصوره ومشروعيته، والثالث بعنوان ضوابط وقيود ممارسة حق الاضراب والاثار المترتبة عليه. وتوصلنا الى ان الاضراب ليس حقا مطلقا من كل قيد، بل يخضع لضوابط وقيود تكفل ممارسته وفق النظام العام، والتوصية بسرعة تشريع قانون الاضراب لموظفي الدولة والقطاع العام اسوة بالقطاع الخاص
الاطار التشريعي لمنح التزامات المرفق العام
Authors: محمد علي ماردين , حمد مريوان 
Published: April 2023

كانت عقود الأشغال العامة وعقود الإلتزام (الامتياز) تعد حلقة وصل بين القطاع العام والخاص لعقود طويلة، وقد نجد تشجيعا دولي على إعتبارها وسيلة إقتصادية وقانونية ناجعة في تقديم الخدمات العامة ، يحول دون اللجوء الى الاقتراض، مع الاسف أن الفقه العراقي والعربي لازال متأثرا بإتفاقيات الامتيازات النفطية في كتاباته البحثية في شأن عقود الالتزام، ودرسنا بشكل مفصل الآلية القانونية التي تمنح بها التزامات المرفق العام واستغلال الثروات الطبيعية في فرنسا كذلك عرجنا على موقف التشريعات المصرية ركزنا على القانون الدستوري الذي يوضح مجملا الالية المعمول بها ومن ثم بينا موقف المشرع العراقي .
Accounting as an element of practical economic theory
Authors: Zhuravel Hryhoriy , Shynkaryk Mykola , Pytel Sviatoslav 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Business accounting as a branch of human activity has a centuries- old history of development. The development of forces and relations of production has resulted in bookkeeping’s evolvement into accounting. Accordingly, the emergence and establishment of accountancy as a profession accompanied the long and natural process of labour division. This is due to the fact that accounting satisfies the business owners’ need for reliable and objective information on the fair value of revenues, losses, assets, liabilities, equity and the state’s need for data on creation and distribution of national income generated by business entities, composition of important micro and macro economic indicators.Research goal – to update the meaning of accounting in accordance with the assessment of its historical influence on the development of the world economy, to refine the theoretical foundations of accounting’s development as a science using the provisions of economic theory.Research methods. The research goal is achieved through the use of methods based on theoretical generalization, systematization, dialectic approach to scientific cognition of economic phenomena and processes studied by economic theory and other sciences; these made it possible to examine the relationship between accounting and economic theory and other sciences, as well as to reflect the effect of economic laws on business performance and determine directions for future research.Results. Historical approaches of renowned economists to the role accounting in the development of forces and relations of production are systemized and analyzed. The article presents the methodological components of accounting’s development, its relationship with economic theory, requirements of economic laws, and basic and fundamental sciences. The importance of using general mathematical and natural sciences is highlighted in view of the wide application of information computer technology in accounting. As a result, the author concludes that accounting is a practical element of economic theory. Consequently, the suggested changes to the current procedure for recording revenues and VAT in the system of accounting take into consideration the requirements of basic economic laws. Implementation of the proposed recommendations will ensure more efficient operation of business entities by improving their financial conditions and will increase state budget revenues.Prospects. Future research should focus on deepening the connection between the economic theory and the methodology and current practices of accounting.
Photocurrent enhancement by below bandgap excitation in GaPN
Authors: Qayoom Abdul , Ferdous Sanjida , Yagi Shuhei , Yaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study presents two-wavelength excited photocurrent (TWEPC) measurements in GaP1−x
N
x
grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. TWEPC measurements reveal that photocurrent generation is significantly enhanced when above gap excitation and below gap excitation (BGE) sources are applied simultaneously. With increasing BGE photon energy, a large increase in photocurrent is observed. The external quantum efficiency measurements show that the effect of BGE light is higher with a higher density of tail states present. The extended numerical study by rate equations reproduced the results in a good manner. Furthermore, the simulation results showed that the addition of the BGE light affects the electron occupancy as well as the electron lifetime, which is found to be 0.1 ns in this study.
Dampak Pembelajaran Daring Terhadap Penguasaan Konsep PAI (Pendidikan Agama Islam) Dan Karakter Kedisiplinan Siswa
Authors: Haryati Nik , Arifin Moh. Miftahul , Setiawati Ika , Chusna Puji Asmaul , Hayumuti Hayumuti 
Published: April 2023

<p>Tujuan penelitiannya untuk mendeskripsikan dampak pembelajaran daring terhadap penguasaan konsep PAI siswa dan karakter kedisiplinan siswa di MTs Darul Falah Sumbergempol Tulungagung. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket digunakan untuk mengetahui kedisiplinan siswa dan tes untuk mengetahui pengetahuan konsep IPA. Analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif Menggunakan kurva normal ideal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan konsep PAI siswa berada pada kategori sedang. Kedisiplinan belajar siswa masuk dalam kategori tinggi. Hal ini karena siswa berada pada kategori tinggi disebabkan siswa menaati tata tertib sekolah, mempunyai waktu belajar yang teratur dan menyelesaikan tugas tepat waktu.</p>
Hands-Free Physical Human-Robot Interaction and Testing for Navigating a Virtual Ballbot
Authors: Song Seung Yun , Marin Nadja , Xiao Chenzhang , Okubo Ryu , Ramos Joao , Hsiao-Wecksler Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

<p>This is a submitted (IEEE RO-MAN 2023) draft of a paper on the testing of a hands-free human-robot interaction for navigating a ballbot in a virtual environment. In this study, able-bodied users and manual wheelchair users controlled a virtual ballbot using a hands-free (HF) lean-to-steer control concept that uses torso motions. A custom sensor system (i.e., Torso-dynamics Estimation System (TES)) was utilized to measure and convert the dynamics of the rider’s torso motions into commands to provide HF control of the robot. A simulation study was conducted to explore the efficacy of the HF controller compared to a traditional joystick (JS) controller, and whether there were differences in performance by manual wheelchair users (mWCUs), who may have reduced torso function, compared to able-bodied users (ABUs). Twenty test subjects (10 mWCUs + 10 ABUs) used the subject-specific adjusted TES while wearing a virtual reality headset and were asked to navigate a virtual human rider on the ballbot through obstacle courses replicating seven indoor environment zones. </p>
Зміна вмісту фотосинтетичних пігментів у листках рослин Phlox paniculata L. під впливом збудника борошнистої роси в умовах НБС імені М. М. Гришка НАН України
Authors: Левчик Н. Я. , Скрипка Г. І. , Левон В. Ф. , Любінська А. В. , Закрасов О. В. , Горбенко Н. Є. 
Published: April 2023

Ураження рослин збудником борошнистої роси (гриб Erysiphe cichoracearum DC. f. phlogis Jacz.), що негативно позначається на їх декоративності та фізіологічному стані, є серйозною проблемою квітникарства. Дослідження питань стійкості та декоративності рослин Phlox paniculata L. через вміст і співвідношення пігментів набули особливої актуальності, оскільки їх не досліджували в Україні та за її межами. У процесі встановлення вмісту фотосинтетичних пігментів (каротиноїдів та хлорофілів) використовували загальноприйняті вітчизняні методики М. М. Мусієнка. Визначено якісний склад і кількісний вміст фотосинтетичних пігментів, зокрема хл.а і хл.b та каротиноїдів у неуражених та уражених збудником борошнистої роси листках сортів рослин Phlox paniculata в умовах Лісостепу України. Встановлено тенденцію до істотного підвищення вмісту хлорофілів в уражених борошнистою росою рослин порівняно із неураженими. Найстійкішими встановлено сорти 'Mohuchii', 'Katharine', 'Tenor'. Виявлено максимальний вміст хлорофілу b у сортів 'Katharine', 'Novinka', 'Rembrandt' та 'Holubka', що вказує на свідчить про стан рослин та пов'язаний із входженням рослин у фазу цвітіння. Оцінено вплив ураження рослин інфекцією на зниження показника співвідношення хл.а до хл.b та, на відміну, істотного збільшення показників відношення суми хлорофілів до каротиноїдів. Зроблено висновок, що високий рівень співвідношення вмісту хлорофілів до вмісту каротиноїдів є вагомим показником, який також свідчить про стресовий стан рослин після ураження. Максимальні показники співвідношення хлорофілів до каротиноїдів 89,19 зафіксовано в уражених рослин сорту 'Katharine', середні 14,42 ‒ у сорту 'Rembrandt' та найнижчі показники 2,89 ‒ у неуражених рослин сорту 'Holubka'. Охарактеризовано закономірності та запропоновано використання показника співвідношення хлорофілів до каротиноїдів у рослин Phlox paniculata, як маркера стійкості сортів.
The Origin of the Large Magellanic Cloud Globular Cluster NGC 2005
Authors: Piatti Andrés E. , Hirai Yutaka 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The ancient Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) globular cluster NGC 2005 has recently been reported to have an ex situ origin, thus, setting precedents that the LMC could have partially formed from smaller merged dwarf galaxies. We here provide additional arguments from which we conclude that is also fairly plausible an in situ origin of NGC 2005, based on the abundance spread of a variety of chemical elements measured in dwarf galaxies, their minimum mass in order to form globular clusters, the globular cluster formation imprints kept in their kinematics, and the recent modeling showing that explosions of supernovae are responsible for the observed chemical abundance spread in dwarf galaxies. The present analysis points to the need for further development of numerical simulations and observational indices that can help us to differentiate between two mechanisms of galaxy formation for the LMC; namely, a primordial dwarf or an initial merging event of smaller dwarfs.
To Be or Not to Be: Alicante-8, a Cluster or Not?
Authors: Asa’d Randa , Ivanov V. D. , Negueruela I. , John J. M , Gonneau A. , Rejkuba M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recent surveys have uncovered new young massive clusters that host dozens of red supergiants (RSGs) near the inner Galaxy. However, many of them have still not been fully studied. Using Very Large Telescope/X-shooter near-infrared spectra, we present the first radial velocity analysis for the putative members of the candidate RSG cluster Alicante-8. Our results show a large dispersion of radial velocities among the candidate member stars, indicating that Alicante-8 does not seem to be a real cluster, unlike Alicante-7 and Alicante-10, which are confirmed by the distribution of the radial velocities of their RSG members. Measuring the spectral indices reveals that the assumption that the candidate stars are RSGs was incorrect, leading to the misclassification of Alicante-8 as a candidate RSG cluster. Our results imply that spectral classification based on the widely used CO band at 2.3 μm alone is not a sufficient criterion, because both red giants and RSGs can attain similar CO equivalent widths, and that spectroscopic radial velocities are needed in order to confirm unambiguously the cluster membership.
Distorted-toroidal Flux Rope Model
Authors: Nieves-Chinchilla Teresa , Hidalgo Miguel Angel , Cremades Hebe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The 3D characterization of magnetic flux ropes observed in the heliosphere has been a challenging task for decades. This is mainly due to the limitations on inferring the 3D global topology and physical properties from the 1D time series from any spacecraft. To advance our understanding of magnetic flux ropes whose configuration departs from the typical stiff geometries, here we present an analytical solution for a 3D flux rope model with an arbitrary cross section and a toroidal global shape. This constitutes the next level of complexity following the elliptic-cylindrical (EC) geometry. The mathematical framework was established by Nieves-Chinchilla et al. with the EC flux rope model, which describes a magnetic topology with an elliptical cross section as a first approach to changes in the cross section. In the distorted-toroidal flux rope model, the cross section is described by a general function. The model is completely described by a nonorthogonal geometry and the Maxwell equations can be consistently solved to obtain the magnetic field and relevant physical quantities. As a proof of concept, this model is generalized in terms of the radial dependence of current density components. The last part of this paper is dedicated to a specific function,

F
(
φ
)
=
δ
(
1
−
λ
cos
φ
)

, to illustrate possibilities of the model. This model paves the way toward the investigation of complex distortions of magnetic structures in the solar wind. Future investigations will explore these distortions in depth by analyzing specific events; studying implications for physical quantities, such as magnetic fluxes, helicity, or energy; and evaluating the force balance with the ambient solar wind that allows such distortions.
Observation of the Hall Magnetic Reconnection As Close As 56 Solar Radii from the Sun
Authors: Wang Rongsheng , Yu Xiancai , Wang Yuming , Lu Quanming , Lu San 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A few thin current layers were detected in the rear boundary of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) observed at 56 solar radii from the Sun as the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft approached the perihelion for the first time, and were caused by the interaction between the background solar wind and the rear boundary of the ICME. Among two of the current layers, the ion diffusion region of the Hall magnetic reconnection was directly detected, based on opposite ion jets, low-speed inflows, and the Hall effect. Both reconnection events were fast and occurred in the current layer with a small magnetic field shear angle and with significantly asymmetric magnetic field intensity as well as plasma between their two sides, i.e., an asymmetric magnetic reconnection with a strong guide field. A magnetic flux rope was detected inside one of the diffusion regions, indicating bursty reconnection. Additionally, multiple reconnection jets were detected inside the ICME and its rear boundary. Thus, we speculate that more ongoing reconnection events were occurring inside the ICME and its boundary. The observations suggested that fast Hall magnetic reconnection can occur as close as 56 solar radii from the Sun and plays a crucial role in ICME evolution.