bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does dinocyst wall composition really reflect trophic affinity? New evidence from ATR micro‐FTIR spectroscopy measurements
Authors: Meyvisch Pjotr , Mertens Kenneth Neil , Gurdebeke Pieter Roger , Sandt Christophe , Pospelova Vera , Vrielinck Henk , Borondics Ferenc , Louwye Stephen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAttenuated total reflection (ATR) microscope Fourier transform infrared (micro‐FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the dinosporin composition in the walls of modern, organic‐walled dinoflagellate resting cysts (dinocysts). Variable cyst wall compositions were observed, which led to the erection of four spectrochemical groups, some with striking similarities to other resistant biomacromolecules such as sporopollenin and algaenan. Furthermore, possible proxies derivable from the spectrochemical composition of modern and fossil dinocysts were discussed. The color of the dinocyst walls was reflected in the spectral data. When comparing that color with a standard and the results of a series of bleaching experiments with oxidative agents, eumelanin was assigned as a likely pigment contributing to the observed color. Following this assignment, the role of eumelanin as an ultraviolet sunscreen in colored dinocysts was hypothesized, and its implications on the autofluorescence and morphological preservation of dinocysts were further discussed. Unlike what had previously been assumed, it was shown that micro‐FTIR data from dinocysts cannot be used to unambiguously infer trophic affinities of their associated cells. Finally, using methods with high spatial resolutions (synchrotron transmission micro‐FTIR and optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy), it was shown that dinocyst wall layers are chemically homogenous at the probed scales. This study fills a large knowledge gap in our understanding of the chemical nature of dinocyst walls and has nuanced certain assumptions and interpretations made in the past.
Histopathological insight into a healed case of osteoradionecrosis treated with triple therapy medical management
Authors: Arya Richa , Hall Gillian , Patel Vinod 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the management of osteoradionecrosis via pharmacological therapy as an alternative to surgery. Successful outcomes have been presented in the literature based on clinical and radiographic assessment. The current case reports on a clinically healed case of osteoradionecrosis who subsequently underwent resection for the purpose of oro‐dento‐facial rehabilitation providing a rare insight into the histopathological status of resolved case via medical management.
Improving rice eating and cooking quality by enhancing endogenous expression of a nitrogen‐dependent floral regulator
Authors: Zhang Yuyi , Zhang Shunan , Zhang Jinfei , Wei Wei , Zhu Tao , Qu Hongye , Liu Ying , Xu Guohua 
Published: August 2023

SummaryImproving rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ) is one of the primary tasks in rice production to meet the rising demands of consumers. However, improving grain ECQ without compromising yield faces a great challenge under varied nitrogen (N) supplies. Here, we report the approach to upgrade rice ECQ by native promoter‐controlled high expression of a key N‐dependent floral and circadian clock regulator Nhd1. The amplification of endogenous Nhd1 abundance alters rice heading date but does not affect the entire length of growth duration, N use efficiency and grain yield under both low and sufficient N conditions. Enhanced expression of Nhd1 reduces amylose content, pasting temperature and protein content while increasing gel consistence in grains. Metabolome and transcriptome analyses revealed that increased expression of Nhd1 mainly regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids in the grain filling stage. Moreover, expression level of Nhd1 shows a positive relationship with grain ECQ in some local main cultivars. Thus, intensifying endogenous abundance of Nhd1 is a promising strategy to upgrade grain ECQ in rice production.
Beyond the North–South divide: Litigation's role in resolving climate change loss and damage claims
Authors: Tigre Maria Antonia , Wewerinke‐Singh Margaretha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWithin the international climate regime, legal aspects surrounding loss and damage (L&D) are contentious topics, implicating liability, compensation and notions of vulnerability. The attribution of responsibility and the pursuit of redress for L&D present intricate legal and governance challenges. The ongoing debates under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change are characterized by a pronounced North–South divide and have done little to provide tangible support to those most affected by L&D. This apparent neglect has prompted exploration of alternative avenues for climate harm redress. The burgeoning field of litigation for liability and compensation of climate harm holds potential significance for L&D discourse, but its efficacy, especially in compensation claims relating to the adverse effects of climate change, is uncertain. There is, as yet, no precedent of plaintiffs succeeding in an L&D case, with numerous legal, evidentiary and practical barriers persisting, particularly for Global South plaintiffs aiming to hold Northern governments and actors accountable. This article scrutinizes recent advances in climate litigation and their potential to facilitate or obstruct L&D litigation. Focusing on seminal L&D cases, namely, Lliuya v RWE and Asmania et al v Holcim, we present a novel legal critique of climate litigation's capacity to assist climate‐vulnerable States, populations and communities in pursuing redress for L&D, based on pertinent case law and an examination of overarching issues of attribution and extraterritorial jurisdiction.
Chronic changes in muscle architecture and aponeurosis structure following calf muscle strain injuries
Authors: B. Nielsen Louise , B. Svensson Rene , U. Fredskild Niels , H. Mertz Kenneth , Magnusson S. Peter , Kjaer Michael , Bayer Monika L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundMuscle strain injuries in the human calf muscles are frequent sports injuries with high recurrence. Potential structural and functional changes in the medial head of the musculus gastrocnemius (GM) and the associated aponeurosis are not well documented.PurposeTo test whether a GM muscle strain injury affects muscle fascicle length, pennation angle, and the morphology of the deep aponeurosis at rest and during muscle contraction long time after the injury. Additionally, electromyography (EMG) of the GM and the soleus muscle during a unilateral heel rise was measured in the injured and uninjured calf.MethodsGM fascicle length, pennation angle, and aponeurosis thickness was analyzed on dynamic ultrasonography (US) recordings in 10 participants with a chronic calf strain. In addition, US images taken across the distal portion and mid‐belly of the GM were analyzed at three different ankle positions. EMG recordings were obtained during a unilateral heel rise.ResultsThe pennation angle of the injured distal GM was significantly larger compared to the uninjured GM in the contracted, but not the relaxed state. Pennation angle increased more in the injured compared to the uninjured GM during contraction. Fascicle length was shorter in the most distal portion of the injured GM. Fascicles at the distal portion of the injured GM showed a pronounced curvilinear shape as the muscle contracted and the aponeurosis was enlarged in the injured compared to the uninjured GM. The ratio between GM and soleus EMG activity showed a significantly higher relative soleus activity in the injured compared to the healthy calf.ConclusionThe greater change in pennation angle and curvilinear fascicle shape during contraction suggest that a long‐term consequence after a muscle strain injury is that some muscle fibers at the distal GM are not actively engaged. The significantly enlarged aponeurosis indicates a substantial and long‐lasting connective tissue involvement following strain injuries.
Activation of a
Vibrio cholerae
CBASS anti-phage system by quorum sensing and folate depletion
Authors: Severin Geoffrey B. , Ramliden Miriam S. , Ford Kathryne C. , Van Alst Andrew J. , Sanath-Kumar Ram , Decker Kaitlin A. , Hsueh Brian Y. , Chen Gong , Yoon Soo Hun , Demey Lucas M. , O'Hara Brendan J. , Rhoades Christopher R. , DiRita Victor J. , Ng Wai-Leung , Waters Christopher M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

A major challenge faced by bacteria is infection by bacteriophage (phage). Abortive infection is one strategy for combating phage in which an infected cell kills itself to limit phage replication, thus protecting neighboring kin. One class of abortive infection systems is the
c
yclic oligonucleotide
b
ased
a
nti-phage
s
ignaling
s
ystem (CBASS) which relies on two core enzymatic activities; an oligo-nucleotide cyclase that is activated following phage infection and a cyclic-oligo-nucleotide sensitive effector whose activity kills the infected cell. However, the mechanisms behind the deployment and activation of these lethal CBASS systems prior to and following infection have largely remained a mystery. While exploring unique genomic features of the current pandemic
Vibrio cholerae
biotype El Tor for clues underlying its pandemic success we found its CBASS was spuriously activated by the folate biosynthesis inhibitor sulfamethoxazole, but only after the population had reached a high-cell density. This population density-dependent activity revealed that transcription of both the oligo-nucleotide cyclase,
dncV
, and the CBASS phospholipase effector,
capV
, is enhanced at high-cell density by quorum sensing. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the
V. cholerae
CBASS is deployed when the environment is densely populated and activated in response to a perturbation in folate biosynthesis.

IMPORTANCE

To counteract infection with phage, bacteria have evolved a myriad of molecular defense systems. Some of these systems initiate a process called abortive infection, in which the infected cell kills itself to prevent phage propagation. However, such systems must be inhibited in the absence of phage infection to prevent spurious death of the host. Here, we show that the cyclic oligonucleotide based anti-phage signaling system (CBASS) accomplishes this by sensing intracellular folate molecules and only expressing this system in a group. These results enhance our understanding of the evolution of the seventh
Vibrio cholerae
pandemic and more broadly how bacteria defend themselves against phage infection.
Gut microbial dysbiosis occurring during pulmonary fungal infection in rats is linked to inflammation and depends on healthy microbiota composition
Authors: Popovic Dusanka , Kulas Jelena , Tucovic Dina , Popov Aleksandrov Aleksandra , Malesevic Anastasija , Glamoclija Jasmina , Brdaric Emilija , Sokovic Bajic Svetlana , Golic Natasa , Mirkov Ivana , Tolinacki Maja 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

While the effect of gut microbiota and/or inflammation on a distant body site, including the lungs (gut–lung axis), has been well characterized, data about the influence of lung microbiota and lung inflammation on gut homeostasis (lung–gut axis) are scarce. Using a well-characterized model of pulmonary infection with the fungus
Aspergillus fumigatus
, we investigated alterations in the lung and gut microbiota by next-generation sequencing of the V3–V4 regions of total bacterial DNA. Pulmonary inflammation due to the fungus
A. fumigatus
caused bacterial dysbiosis in both lungs and gut, but with different characteristics. While increased alpha diversity and unchanged bacterial composition were noted in the lungs, dysbiosis in the gut was characterized by decreased alpha diversity indices and modified bacterial composition. The altered homeostasis in the lungs allows the immigration of new bacterial species of which 41.8% were found in the feces, indicating that some degree of bacterial migration from the gut to the lungs occurs. On the contrary, the dysbiosis occurring in the gut during pulmonary infection was a consequence of the local activity of the immune system. In addition, the alteration of gut microbiota in response to pulmonary infection depends on the bacterial composition before infection, as no changes in gut bacterial microbiota were detected in a rat strain with diverse gut bacteria. The data presented support the existence of the lung–gut axis and provide additional insight into this mechanism.

IMPORTANCE

Data regarding the impact of lung inflammation and lung microbiota on GIT are scarce, and the mechanisms of this interaction are still unknown. Using a well-characterized model of pulmonary infection caused by the opportunistic fungus
Aspergillus fumigatus
, we observed bacterial dysbiosis in both the lungs and gut that supports the existence of the lung–gut axis.
Did subducted graphite fertilize the Franciscan mantle wedge with radiogenic Os?
Authors: Toma Jonathan , Creaser Robert A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A new chronology for graphite formation related to subduction-zone metamorphism in Laytonville Quarry (California, USA) of the Franciscan Complex using the Re-Os decay system yields a precise graphite-pyrite Re-Os age of 161.39 ± 2.08 Ma (MSWD = 0.15; n = 5). Combined with Raman thermometry estimates (461–506 °C), this age links graphitization to the early stages of Franciscan subduction, synchronous with deep (blueschist-eclogite) rather than shallow subduction processes. Initial 187Os/188Os (0.195) of Laytonville graphite suggests that radiogenic 187Os/188Os signatures (0.130–0.158) preserved in some Franciscan forearc mantle peridotites (ca. 160–150 Ma) were plausibly sourced from graphitic carbon in the subducted slab, with graphitization being the primary mechanism for Os release. This conclusion implies that graphitic carbon is an important mineralogical host for Os recycling in subduction settings.
Evolution of Miocene normal and dextral faulting in the lower Colorado River region near Blythe, California, USA
Authors: Mavor Skyler P. , Bennett Scott E.K. , Crow Ryan S. , Singleton John S. , Langenheim Victoria , Stockli Daniel , Stelten Mark , Brickey Timothy A. , Umhoefer Paul J. , Beard L. Sue 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The evolution of strain in nascent continental plate boundaries commonly involves distributed deformation and transitions between different styles of deformation as the plate boundary matures. Distributed NW-striking faults, many with km-scale right-lateral separation, are prevalent near Blythe, California, and have been variably interpreted to have accommodated either Middle Miocene NE-SW extension as normal faults or Late Miocene to Pliocene dextral shear as strike-slip faults. However, with poor timing and kinematic constraints, it is unclear how these faults relate to known domains of Neogene deformation and the evolution of the Pacific–NorthAmerica plate boundary. We present kinematic data (n = 642 fault planes, n = 512 slickenlines) that demonstrate that these faults dominantly dip steeply northeast; ~96% of measured faults record normal, dextral, or oblique dextral-normal kinematics that likely reflect a gradational transition between normal and dextral oblique kinematic regimes. We constrain fault timing with 11.7 Ma and 7.0 Ma 40Ar/39Ar dates of rocks cut by faults, and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry U-Pb dating of calcite mineralized during oblique dextral faulting that demonstrates fault slip at ca. 10–7 Ma and perhaps as late as ca. 4 Ma. This Late Miocene dextral oblique faulting is best compatible with a documented regional transition from Early to Middle Miocene NE-directed extension during detachment fault slip to subsequent NW-directed dextral shear. We estimate 11–38 km of cumulative dextral slip occurred across a 50-km-wide zone from the Palen to Riverside mountains, including up to 20 km of newly documented dextral shear that may partly alleviate the regional discrepancy of cumulative dextral shear along this part of the Late Miocene Pacific–North America plate boundary.
Relationship between adverse events prevalence, patient safety culture and patient safety perception in a single sample of patients: a cross-sectional and correlational study
Authors: Chirinos Muñoz Mónica Susana , Orrego Carola , Montoya Cesar , Sunol Rosa 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between adverse events prevalence (AEP), patient safety culture (PSC) and patient safety perception (PSP).DesignCross-sectional, ex post facto comparative study on a single sample of patients.SettingFour medium-high-level hospitals were included in the study—two public and two private from Zulia State in Venezuela.Participants556 medical records and patients were studied for the prevalence and PSP study, and 397 of the healthcare providers involved in the care of these patients were surveyed for the PSC study, at two public and two private hospitals.Outcome measurementThe primary outcome of this study was the association between AEP, PSC and PSP, and according to hospital funding type, private and public.ResultsAn inverse association was observed between AEP and its severity and Patient Safety Culture Index (rho=−0.8, p=0.5) (95% CI 0.26–0.10) and Patient Safety Perception Index (rho=−0.6, p=0.18) (95% CI 0.10–0.28), which were protective factors for patient safety. No association was identified between PSC and PSP (rho=0.0001). No statistical differences were identified by hospital type (p=0.93) (95% CI 0.70–1.2).ConclusionsThe analysis of the variable correlations studied (AEP, PSC and PSP) within the same sample offers an interesting and useful perspective. In this sample, although no correlation was observed between the three variables as an interacting set, some correlation patterns were observed between pairs of variables that could guide further studies.
Admission plasma potassium and length of hospital stay: a meta-analysis
Authors: Logan Ellis Hugh , Llewellyn David , Mendis Jeewaka , Whyte Martin 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveHypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia (‘dyskalaemia’) are commonly seen in patients requiring emergency hospital admission. The adverse effect of dyskalaemia on mortality is well described but there are few data for the effect on hospital length of stay. We sought to determine the association of serum potassium concentration with in-hospital length of stay.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesA structured search of MEDLINE, PubMed and SCOPUS databases to 19 March 2021.Eligibility criteriaObservational cohort studies defining exposure of interest as serum potassium levels (at admission or within the first 72 hours) and with outcome of interest as length of hospital stay. Studies had to provide estimates of length of stay as a comparison between normokalaemia and defined ranges of hyperkalaemia or hypokalaemia.Data extraction and synthesisWe identified 39 articles published to March 2021 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers working independently and in duplicate, to assessed eligibility and risk of bias, and extract data from eligible studies. Random effects models were used to pool estimates across the included studies. Meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane-RevMan.ResultsFive studies were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the reference group (3.5–5.0 mmol/L), the pooled raw differences of medians were 4.45 (95% CI 2.71 to 6.91), 1.99 (95% CI 0.03 to 3.94), 0.98 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.05), 1.51 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.0), 1 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.25) and 2.76 (95% CI 1.24 to 4.29) for patients with potassium levels of <2.5, 2.5 to <3.0, 3.0 to <3.5, <5 to 5.5, <5.5 to 6 and >6.0 mmol/L, respectively.ConclusionHospital length of stay follows a U-shaped distribution, with duration of admission being twofold greater at the extremes of the potassium range.
Investigating the factors associated with meaningful improvement on the SF-36-PFS and exploring the appropriateness of this measure for young people with ME/CFS accessing an NHS specialist service: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Gaunt Daisy , Brigden Amberly , Metcalfe Chris , Loades Maria , Crawley Esther 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesPaediatric myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is relatively common and disabling, but little is known about the factors associated with outcome. We aimed to describe the number and characteristics of young people reaching the 10-point minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of SF-36-Physical Function Subscale (SF-36-PFS) and to investigate factors associated with reaching the MCID.DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingA specialist UK National Health Service ME/CFS service, Southwest England; recruitment between March 2014 and August 2015.Participants193 eligible patients with ME/CFS aged 8–17 years reported baseline data. 124 (65%) and 121 (63%) with outcome data at 6 and 12 months, respectively.Outcome measuresSF-36-PFS (primary outcome). Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, school attendance, visual analogue pain scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Spence Young People Anxiety Scale, Clinical Global Impression scale and EQ-5D-Y (secondary).ResultsAt 6 months 48/120 (40%) had reached the MCID for SF-36-PFS. This had increased to 63/117 (54%) at 12 months. On the Clinical Global Impressions, 77% and 79% reported feeling either a little better, much better or very much better. Those with worse SF-36-PFS at baseline assessment were more likely to achieve the MCID for SF-36-PFS at 6 months (odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 0.99, p value 0.003), but there was weaker evidence of effect at 12 months (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.00, p value 0.038). No other factors at baseline were associated with the odds of reaching the MCID at 6 months. However, at 12 months, there was strong evidence of an effect of pain on MCID (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99, p value 0.001) and SF-36-PFS on MCID (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98, p value 0.001).Conclusions40% and 54% of young people reached the MCID at 6 and 12 months, respectively. No factors at assessment (other than SF-36-PFS at 6 months, and pain and SF-36-PFS at 12 months) are associated with MCID of SF-36-PFS at either 6 or 12 months. Further work is needed to explore the most appropriate outcome measure for capturing clinical meaningful improvement for young people with ME/CFS.