bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic Evaluation of Air Pollution-related Bone Damage and Potential Mediation
Authors: Prada Diddier , Rexrode Kathryn , Kalia Vrinda , Kooperberg Charles , Reiner Alexander , Balasubramanian Raji , Wu Hui-Chen , Miller Gary , lonita-Laza Iuliana , Crandall Carolyn , Cantu-de-Leon David , Liao Duanping , Yanosky Jeff , Stewart James , Whitsel Eric , Baccarelli Andrea 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ambient air pollution has been associated with bone damage. However, no studies have evaluated the metabolomic response to air pollutants and its potential influence on bone health in postmenopausal women. We analyzed data from WHI participants with plasma samples. Whole-body, total hip, femoral neck, and spine BMD at enrollment and follow-up (Y1, Y3, Y6). Daily particulate matter NO, NO2, PM10 and SO2 were averaged over 1-, 3-, and 5-year periods before metabolomic assessments. Statistical analyses included multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models, pathways analyses, and mediation modeling. NO, NO2, and SO2, but not PM10, were associated with taurine, inosine, and C38:4 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), at all averaging periods. We found a partial mediation of C38:4 PE in the association between 1-year average NO and lumbar spine BMD (p-value: 0.032). This is the first study suggesting that a PE may partially mediate air pollution-related bone damage in postmenopausal women.
Protein extraction from excess sludge by barium hydroxide hydrolysis process
Authors: Hui Wenlong , Zhou Jiti , Jin Ruofei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProtein could be extracted effectively from excess sludge by barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) hydrolysis process. During the extraction process, insoluble protein in sludge was turned into soluble protein, and part of the soluble protein were hydrolyzed into peptide, amino acids, water, carbon dioxide and ammonium. To obtain the maximum concentration of soluble protein, the effects of barium hydroxide, temperature and time on the hydrolysis degree of the sludge protein and protein concentration were investigated. Under optimal conditions of 0.2 M Ba(OH)2, 110 ℃ of the reaction temperature, and 4 h of hydrolysis time, the degree of sludge protein hydrolysis and the protein concentration was 79.10% and 1106.11 mg/L, respectively. Through building a SPSS multiple nonlinear regression model, the optimal protein concentration was calculated. Barium ions were converted into barium sulfate precipitates by adding an equal amount of sulfuric acid in the hydrolysate. Then the precipitates were washed with 0.1 M NaOH to obtain pure barium sulfate and protein solution. Protein was separated and obtained from sludge hydrolysate by centrifugation and filtration, which could be used as a wood binder or foaming agent.
The Mathematical Relationship Between Certainty and Probability: The Invert of The Shannon Information Entropy Curve
Authors: Khalsa Sundri 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The relationship between certainty-level and probability-level has not been defined in mathematics literature. Some say it is pointless to define because certainty is absolute. Others imply certainty-level and confidence level are interchangeable and consequently imply certainly-level is the probability that a randomly-produced range of values called “confidence interval” contains the true value of a population parameter. Many erroneously imply certainty-level and probability-level are interchangeable. Per the following-survey question given to approximately 50 Ivy-League-graduate students, “If someone [is] 50% certain of something, what probability percentage would that mean?”—the nearly-universal answer was 50% probability. No one chose the correct answer— 89% probability. Others offer an absurd definition that would mean a ‘reasonable degree of medical/scientific certainty’ is any value greater than 0% certainty. I demonstrate the relationship is defined by the invert of the Shannon-information-entropy-curve/formula. The definitions of certainty-level (and uncertainty-level) are important to acknowledge and formalize in mathematics literature because professions that make life-and-death decisions based-on the terms have demonstrated confusion and erroneous understanding of them. If the mathematics community chooses to define certainty-level as the mathematics-community definition of confidence level, that definition would defy both the rational-language meaning of certainty-level and the meaning of the invert of the Shannon-information-entropy-formula.
Bioinformatics-Based Identification of Tumor Immune Invasion- Related prognostic Biomarkers in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Chen Minxue , Wang Xingang , Li Xiaojun , Wei Qiuya , Wang Yuebin , Zhou Xinyuan , Fan Yong , Wang Chen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remain clinically challenging, and new molecular markers for prognostic assessment and targeted therapy are urgently needed. The tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune invasion play an important role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. Therefore, immunotherapeutic strategies based on the TME and immune invasion may have important clinical value.
Methods: In this study, We extracted transcriptome and clinicopathological data for 179 PAAD samples from the TCGA database and evaluated the immune composition, stromal composition, and infiltrating immune cell landscape in the tumor samples using the Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in malignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) and CIBERSORT algorithms. Then, we identified relevant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed functional annotation and prognostic correlation analysis to identify prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. Finally, the correlation between biomarkers and tumor immune invasion was analyzed to reveal the molecular immune mechanism of pancreatic cancer.
Results: As the results, we discovered The immune score, stromal score and ESTIMATE score were correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PAAD, The results of DEGs, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cox regression analyses confirmed that CXCL10 and CXCL11 were clinically relevant prognostic factors involved in the PAAD TME and that the content and activity of various immune cells were correlated with the expression levels of CXCL10 and CXCL11, CXCL10 and CXCL11 are novel biomarkers of the TME and immune cell infiltration in pancreatic cancer
Conclusions: This study systematically elucidates the possible immune-related molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cancer for the first time. It also provides prognostic clues for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, thus providing assistance for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.
The prognosis of elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Northeast China is poor
Authors: Li Bing , Zhang Yaoting , Cai He , Zheng Yang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study evaluated the prognosis in elderly patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Northeast China and found key factors to improve prognosis. A total of 480 STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were enrolled. Outcomes of in-hospital and long-term were collected. Patients were assigned into younger group (below 60 years old) and elderly group (equal or above 60 years old). Elderly group had higher rates of females and hypertension, lower incidences of dyslipidemia and smoking than the younger group. Elderly patients were more likely to have complications of heart failure, longer length of stay and less liable to receive β-blockers. Clinical outcomes showed the rate of 6-month, 12-month, and 18-month MACEs were higher in elderly group (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Post - procedure TIMI 3 flow was an independent factor and was positively correlated with favorable outcomes. The elderly group presented significantly reduced MACEs-free survival and death-free survival than the younger group (Log-rank test, P < 0.05). We found advanced age was associated with a significantly increased risk of MACEs during follow-up than the younger patients and post-procedure TIMI 3 flow was positively related to favorable long-term outcomes in elderly patients.
Enhancing Ceria Slurry Performance for Shallow Trench Isolation Chemical Mechanical Polishing through Non-Ionic Surfactant Addition
Authors: Zhang Lifei , Xie Lile , Lu Xinchun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a committed step in the manufacturing of integrated circuits, especially in the fabrication process of shallow trench isolation (STI) structures. Ceria (CeO2) slurry is widely used in the STI CMP process, while it is vulnerable to causing surface defects owing to particle agglomeration, such as scratches and abrasive residues. Furthermore, CeO2 slurry faces the challenge of low polishing removal selectivity between silicon dioxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) surfaces. In this study, we investigated the effects of various non-ionic surfactants and different pH levels in CeO2 based slurries on material removal rates, removal selectivity, and surface qualities of polished wafers. Two of the studied non-ionic surfactants that make CeO2 slurries disperse better were selected through sedimentation experiments, which were polyethylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30) and polyethylene glycol, respectively. Subsequently, polishing experiments and atomic force microscopy characterization tests were conducted to illustrate the effects of the selected surfactants at different pH conditions. To further explore the underlying mechanism, the reaction of surfactants on SiO2 and Si3N4 wafers was explained using surface adsorption tests, thermogravimetry experiments, zeta potential measurements, and chemical valence bond structure analysis. As a result, it can be concluded that the performance of ceria slurries used in STI CMP process can be improved by the addition of non-ionic surfactant PVP-K30.
Research on liver cancer segmentation method based on PCNN image processing and SE-ResUnet
Authors: Zang Lan , Li Jianrong , Wu XinXin , Zhang Kun , Shen Chong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As one of the malignant tumors with high mortality, the initial symptoms of liver cancer are not obvious. In addition, the liver is the largest internal organ of the human body, and its structure and distribution are relatively complex. Therefore, in order to help doctors judge liver cancer more accurately, this paper proposes a variant model based on Unet network. Before segmentation, the image is preprocessed, and Pulse Coupled Neural Network(PCNN) algorithm is used to filterthe image adaptively to make the image clearer. For the segmentation model, the SE module is used as the input of the residual network, and then its output is connected to the Unet model through bilinear interpolation to perform the down-sampling and up-sampling operations. The Lits and collected liver cancer images are combined into a new data set for training. The results show that this method has better segmentation performance and accuracy than the original Unet method, and the dice coefficient, mIou and other evaluation indicators have increased by at least 2.1%, which is a method that can be applied to cancer segmentation.
An accuracy study of the AL/CR ratio in assessing different degrees of hyperopia in children aged 3-6 years
Authors: Wang Yang , Xia Yun , Xie Xuanxuan , Zhu Xiaohui , Yang Jing , Ouyang Lijuan , Pi Lianhong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the association between different hyperopia levels and the axial length/radius of corneal curvature (AL/CR) ratio and check if hyperopia levels can be assessed by the AL/CR ratio, and provide a basis for hyperopia screening in preschool children.
Methods: The spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), and corneal refractive power (K) were obtained through cycloplegia optometry, IOL-Master on children aged 3-6 years, and the AL/CR ratio was calculated. They were categorized into four groups based on the SER: physiological, mild, moderate, and high hyperopia. The data were analyzed utilizing SPSS 23.0.
Results: The AL/CR ratio in the high hyperopia group (2.60 ± 0.08) compared to the moderate hyperopia group (2.72 ± 0.08), and the mild hyperopia group (2.83 ± 0.07) was statistically significant (F = 508.125, P = 0.000). The association between SER and AL/CR ratio was higher than the AL and the CR (R = -0.873, R = -0.738, R = 0.374, P = 0.000), and it became greater with the increasing degree of hyperopia (R = -0.284, R = -0.478, R = -0.401, R = -0.637, P = 0.000), with a mild negative correlation in the physiological hyperopia group and a moderate negative correlation in the mild, moderate and high hyperopia groups. The linear regression equation showed that for every 0.1 unit decrease in AL/CR ratio, the SER changed by approximately 1.68 D in the hyperopic direction (R2 = 0.762, P = 0.000). In children aged 3-6 years, when the AL/CR ratio was ≤ 2.80, this suggested SER of approximately ≥ +4.0D.
Conclusions: The AL/CR ratio can be utilized to assess different degrees of hyperopia and as an objective indicator of hyperopia. The AL/CR ratio ≤ 2.80 indicates moderate hyperopia in preschool children.
Study on the relationship between Ferroptosis gene and immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer and related prognostic model construction
Authors: Li chunjin , Gao na , hua Yan rui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) has a high recurrence rate and insufficient early screening methods, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 50% However, in many cases, simple standard treatment results are not satisfactory. Therefore, more effective treatments are being sought Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of cell death associated with loss of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX 4) activity and accumulation of reactive lipid oxygen species (ROS), which shows great potential for anticancer therapy[1]. The results of immunotherapy for ovarian cancer are not ideal, but some studies have shown that the results of immunotherapy are significantly improved when combined with other treatments. Gene expression profiling allows researchers to explore and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying disease at the genomic and transcriptomic levels. integration of genomic technology and bioinformatics analysis Although these tools allow researchers to screen for tumor-associated genes and identify key prognostic factors, single-gene biomarkers that provide effective survival predictions are limited. Multigene-based risk models may provide better prognostic factors to predict patient survival[2]. identify multigene risk score characteristics by bioinformatic analysis and find more potential biomarkers for effective diagnosis and prognosis assessment of ovarian cancer patients. Based on TCGA and GEO transcript expression data and associated clinical data, a scoring system was developed using consensus cluster analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, and lasso regression and validated against GEO database data. The results of univariate and multivariate risk analysis showed that the score can be used as an independent prognostic marker of ovarian cancer.
Q-learning model of insight problem solving and the effects of learning properties on creativity
Authors: Harada Tsutomu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study examines the effect of individual differences on insight problem-solving performance. This study identified individual differences in learning properties estimated through a Q-learning model in a reinforcement learning framework and evaluated their effects on insight problem-solving in two tasks, that is, 8-coin and 9-dot problems, both of which are classified as a broad category of spatial insight problems. Although the learning properties of the two problems were different, the results revealed that learning transferred between them. That is, the performance in the insight task improved with the prior experience of another task. Moreover, it was found that loss-taking, as opposed to loss aversion, significantly impacted performance in both problems with prior experience. Loss-taking behavior is hypothesized to facilitate analogical transfer across both tasks and improve performance. Furthermore, this is one of the few studies to attempt to apply a computational approach to insight problem solving. This approach enables the identification of underlying learning parameters for insight problem solving.
Establishment of an Evaluation System for Cervical Cancer Health Literacy Among Chinese Women
Authors: He Chanchan , Pei Chenyang , Ma Jing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Increasing women's health literacy is the key to preventing cervical cancer, and various tools have been developed to assess women's cancer health literacy. However, many of these tools come from other countries and have not been adapted to Chinese requirements. Furthermore, a system for evaluating cervical cancer health literacy among Chinese women has not been developed. Therefore, we sought to establish an evaluation index system for cervical cancer health literacy among Chinese women and to provide an effective evaluation tool for tertiary prevention of cervical cancer in China.
Methods
We invited 20 recognized experts to participate in two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and the modified Delphi process with percentage weighting and multiplication was used. A literature review identified 39 potential indicators. On this basis, two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted to rate and screen the indexes. Percentage weighting and multiplication were used to determine index weights.
Results: Twenty experts participated in the first-round Delphi consultations (95.23% recovery rate). In the second-round Delphi consultations, 20 questionnaires were returned (100%), and the expert authority coefficient was 0.93 ± 0.02. After both rounds of Delphi consultation, four first-level indicators, nine second-level indicators, and 32 third-level indicators were identified for cervical cancer literacy among Chinese women. On a five-point scale, importance ratings ranged from 3.76 to 4.95 points, with variation coefficients ranging from 0.06 to 0.24, while sensitivity ratings ranged from 3.71 to 4.83 points, with variation coefficients ranging from 0.07 to 0.24. Across both rounds, Kendall’s W coefficients ranged from 0.146 to 0.248. The weights of first-level indicators of basic knowledge and attitudes about cervical cancer, primary prevention of cervical cancer literacy, secondary prevention of cervical cancer literacy, and tertiary prevention of cervical cancer literacy were 0.257, 0.249, 0.251, and 0.243, respectively.
Conclusions: We have developed the first tertiary prevention-based, comprehensive evaluation index system for cervical cancer literacy among Chinese women, which will provide theoretical support for cervical cancer prevention and health education programs.
Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS) - A validation for use in proximal humerus fractures treated with arthroplasty
Authors: Demir Yilmaz* , Sjöberg Hanna , Stark Andre , Salomonsson Björn 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background:

The Swedish shoulder and Arthroplasty Registry (SSAR) use the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS) as their shoulder-specific score in the follow-up. WOOS is not yet validated for use as the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement (PROM) for proximal humerus fractures (PHF) treated with shoulder hemiarthroplasty (SHA) in the Swedish registry. The aim of this study is to validate WOOS for PHF treated with SHA using standardized methods for the validation of psychometric tests.

Methods:

Data was collected from the SSAR from the 1st of January 2008 to the 31st of June 2011. A total of 72 subjects were identified with at least 1 year of follow-up. Of these 43 completed all the shoulder-specific PROM together with a clinical examination, including a WOOS retest and general health scores. A group of 29 did not undergo any clinical examination, but they completed all the questionnaires not requiring a clinical examination. The validity was assessed with WOOS compared to satisfaction level, and the Spearman rank coefficient was used for the correlation between WOOS and the shoulder-specific scores (Constant-Murley Score, Oxford Shoulder Score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form and EQ-5D. For reliability, Intra Class Correlation (ICC) was used for the test-retest assessment and Cronbach´s alpha for the construct reliability.

Results

The validity for WOOS had an excellent correlation (>0.75) with all the shoulder-specific scores and a good correlation (>0.6) with EQ-5D.
The reliability with the test-retest of the total WOOS score and the subgroups had an excellent correlation. Cronbach´s alpha also supports the construct of WOOS. There were no floor or ceiling effects.

Conclusions

We found that WOOS is a reliable tool for evaluating patients with SHA after PHF. Our study supports further use of WOOS in SSAR.
Recurrent Massive hemorrhage from Cesarean Scar defect: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhao Xiumin , Dai Yifei , Wang Fang , Li Xiangjuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cesarean section (CD) is one of the most common operations in the world. Cesarean scar defect (CSD), one of the recently discovered complications of cesarean section, has been found to be related to abnormal uterine bleeding. Massive hemorrhage caused by CSD has rarely been reported. The cause is still unknown, and the treatments vary.We report a case of a 37-year-old woman who experienced prolonged menstruation for 6 years after her second cesarean section. She had recurrent sudden massive hemorrhage and nothing abnormal was observed by ultrasound or MRI examination except for CSD. The patient underwent hysteroscopic surgery. The abnormal uterine bleeding was successfully stopped, and the menstrual cycle returned to normal after surgical treatment. Diverticulum with abnormal bleeding symptoms may induce massive hemorrhage. Patients with the same syndrome should be informed of the risk. Hysteroscopy surgery could be a choice.
Associations of bovine beta-casein and kappa-casein genotypes with the genomic merit in Holstein-Friesian cattle
Authors: Ardicli Sena , Aldevir Ozgur , Aksu Emrah , Kucuk Kerem , Gumen Ahmet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The relationship between index values used in evaluating the genomic value and essential markers such as casein genes provides important information at the herd level. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between casein gene genotypes and the indices of genetic merit in Holstein-Friesians. A total of 805 cows were genotyped using the Affymetrix® Axiom® array system. We used the data composed of TPI and NM values as well as PTA indices, including milk, fat, %fat, protein, %protein, CFP, PL, SCS, DPR, LV, and UDC of each animal. The statistical analysis consisted of the one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's test. The A2A2 and the AB genotypes were predominant in the CSN2 and CSN3 genes, respectively. The A2A2 animals have higher TPI and NM values. Moreover, they exhibited higher PTA values for protein, CFP, and PL. On the other hand, the A1A1 genotype was significantly associated with the highest UDC. Concerning the CSN3 haplotypes, the BB animals had higher PTA-%protein and -PL than alternative haplotypes. The AA and AB haplotypes were significantly associated with the highest SCS and DPR values, respectively. In addition, the BE haplotype had the highest NM. Selection procedures focusing on casein genes in dairy cattle are becoming increasingly common worldwide, especially for A2 milk. However, herd-based dynamics are also fundamental to providing a desired genetic merit for the animals. This study may be valuable for further analyses regarding the selection decisions through the breeding values of the candidates in commercial dairy herds.