bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation in physico-chemical and biological properties of river Panar (Bihar)
Authors: Pandey B.N. , O.P. Ambasta  , Jha A. K. , Shambhu K. 
Published: February 2023

A base line study was conducted to determine the impact of anthropogenic activities on the physico-chemical and biological factors of the river Panar. The result revealed well defined seasonal variation .On the basis of physico-che mical and biol ogi c al parame ters th e ri ve r appears to be poll u ted. On th e basis of Moyl e’s classification, the river water appeared to be hard type. Likewise on the basis of phosphorous and nitrogen , the investigated water body may be categorized as moderate trophic level . The bulk of phytoplankton was shared by Chlorophyceae (9), Myxophyceae (8), Bacillariophyceae (9) and Euglenophyceae (1). Many of algal species out of the total 27 reported from the river like Euglena, Microcystis, Anabaena,Chlamydomonas , and Spirulina were recognized as pollution indicator . The zooplankton population comprised of Rotifera (19), Cladoce ra (5) and Copepoda (3). Th e zoopl ank ton al so c ompri se d some pol l uti on tol e ran t spec i es l ik e Brachionus, Keratella, Moina, Mesocyclops , Cypris , Ceriodaphnia , Polyarthra etc. The study clearly revealed that the aquatic environment of the river has undergone degradation and is not suitable for human use. Proper remedial measure s sh ould be take n immedi ately in orde r to restore it from further deteriorati on. There must be al ternate waste disposal system away from th e rive r and disposal of solid and li quid waste must be stopped forth with. Indiscriminate fishing practices and retting of jute should be stopped, Planting of some toxicant reducing macrophytes should be done on both sides of the river. There is urgent need to take up widespread conservation and education programme in this area to highlight the problem of pollution.
India’s Transition towards Green Economy
Authors: Nazeerudin Nazeerudin 
Published: February 2023

The agricultural sector’s contribution to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has dropped from 17.4% in 2006-07 to 14.2% in 2010-11i, while the manufacturing sector has underperformed, accounting for only 20% of GDP, due to high interest rates, infrastructure bottlenecks, slow decision-making by the government, and weak domestic demand Furthermore, the service sector, which accounts for nearly 65% of GDP, has also been losing its momentum due to segments like the banking and real estate facing demand and investment constraints. Furthermore, the environment has suffered gravely with the economic progress as from 1990 to 2008, India’s GDP per capita rose by an impressive 120% leading to the natural capital to decline by 31 % in the same period. Adding to that, currently India is operating on almost twice its bio-capacity; indicating that the population’s demand from the ecosystem exceeds the capacity of that ecosystem to regenerate the resources. To ensure that inter-linkages between the economic, societal, and environmental aspects of development are overarching, India needs vital transitions. A green economy strengthens pro-poor economic growth by building up natural capital and secures livelihood options of the poorIn the light of the above Context, this paper attempts to understand the key sectors for intervention in India and have emerged as the main players in undertaking green initiatives. These sectors have contributed to economic growth of the nation while simultaneously causing detrimental effects on the environment. Section 2 of the paper makes an analysis of the six sectors that have the potential of contributing towards achieving the balance along the three pillars of sustainability. Section 3 further analyses the dominant barriers faced by some of the initiatives and how they can possibly be overcome. Finally it the foundation for further research and understanding the viable agents of changes for bringing about this transition.
Solar Flare Ribbon Fronts. I. Constraining Flare Energy Deposition with IRIS Spectroscopy
Authors: Polito Vanessa , Kerr Graham S. , Xu Yan , Sadykov Viacheslav M. , Lorincik Juraj 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Spectral lines formed at lower atmospheric layers show peculiar profiles at the “leading edge” of ribbons during solar flares. In particular, increased absorption of the BBSO/GST He i
λ10830 line, as well as broad and centrally reversed profiles in the spectra of the Mg ii and C ii lines observed by the IRIS satellite, has been reported. In this work, we aim to understand the physical origin of such peculiar IRIS profiles, which seem to be common of many, if not all, flares. To achieve this, we quantify the spectral properties of the IRIS Mg ii profiles at the ribbon leading edge during four large flares and perform a detailed comparison with a grid of radiative hydrodynamic models using the RADYN+FP code. We also studied their transition region (TR) counterparts, finding that these ribbon front locations are regions where TR emission and chromospheric evaporation are considerably weaker compared to other parts of the ribbons. Based on our comparison between the IRIS observations and modeling, our interpretation is that there are different heating regimes at play in the leading edge and the main bright part of the ribbons. More specifically, we suggest that bombardment of the chromosphere by more gradual and modest nonthermal electron energy fluxes can qualitatively explain the IRIS observations at the ribbon leading front, while stronger and more impulsive energy fluxes are required to drive chromospheric evaporation and more intense TR emission in the bright ribbon. Our results provide a possible physical origin for the peculiar behavior of the IRIS chromospheric lines in the ribbon leading edge and new constraints for the flare models.
Gaussian Process Modeling Blazar Multiwavelength Variability: Indirectly Resolving Jet Structure
Authors: Zhang 张 Haiyun 海云 , Yan 闫 Dahai 大海 , Zhang 张 Li 力 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Blazar jet structure can be indirectly resolved by analyzing the multiwavelength variability. In this work, we analyze the long-term variability of blazars in radio, optical, and X-ray energies with the Gaussian process (GP) method. The multiwavelength variability can be successfully characterized by the damped-random walk model. The nonthermal optical characteristic timescales of 38 blazars are statistically consistent with the γ-ray characteristic timescales of 22 blazars. For three individual sources (3C 273, PKS 1510-089, and BL Lac), the nonthermal optical, X-ray, and γ-ray characteristic timescales are also consistent within the measured 95% errors, but the radio timescale of 3C 273 is too large to be constrained by the decade-long light curve. The synchrotron and inverse-Compton emissions have the same power spectral density, suggesting that the long-term jet variability is irrelevant to the emission mechanism. In the plot of the rest-frame timescale versus black hole mass, the optical-γ-ray timescales of the jet variability occupy almost the same space with the timescales of accretion disk emission from normal quasars, which may imply that the long-term variabilities of the jet and accretion disk are driven by the same physical process. It is suggested that the nonthermal optical-X-ray and γ-ray emissions are produced in the same region, while the radio core, which can be resolved by very long baseline interferometry, locates at a far more distant region from the black hole. Our study suggests a new methodology for comparing thermal and nonthermal emissions, which is achieved by using the standard GP method.
Inflationary and Phase-transitional Primordial Magnetic Fields in Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Mtchedlidze Salome , Domínguez-Fernández Paola , Du Xiaolong , Schmidt Wolfram , Brandenburg Axel , Niemeyer Jens , Kahniashvili Tina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) are possible candidates for explaining the observed magnetic fields in galaxy clusters. Two competing scenarios of primordial magnetogenesis have been discussed in the literature: inflationary and phase-transitional. We study the amplification of both large- and small-scale correlated magnetic fields, corresponding to inflation- and phase transition–generated PMFs, in a massive galaxy cluster. We employ high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic cosmological zoom-in simulations to resolve the turbulent motions in the intracluster medium. We find that the turbulent amplification is more efficient for the large-scale inflationary models, while the phase transition–generated seed fields show moderate growth. The differences between the models are imprinted on the spectral characteristics of the field (such as the amplitude and the shape of the magnetic power spectrum) and therefore also on the final correlation length. We find a one order of magnitude difference between the final strengths of the inflation- and phase transition–generated magnetic fields, and a factor of 1.5 difference between their final coherence scales. Thus, the final configuration of the magnetic field retains information about the PMF generation scenarios. Our findings have implications for future extragalactic Faraday rotation surveys with the possibility of distinguishing between different magnetogenesis scenarios.
Observations of Waves and Structures by Frequency–Wavenumber Spectrum in Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Zhao L.-L. , Zank G. P. , Nakanotani M. , Adhikari L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A well-known shortcoming of single-spacecraft spectral analysis is that only the 1D wavenumber spectrum can be observed, assuming the characteristic wave propagation speed is much smaller than the solar wind flow speed. This limitation has motivated an extended debate about whether fluctuations observed in the solar wind are waves or structures. Multispacecraft analysis techniques can be used to calculate the wavevector independent of the observed frequency, thus allowing one to study the frequency–wavenumber spectrum of turbulence directly. The dispersion relation for waves can be identified, which distinguishes them from nonpropagating structures. We use magnetic field data from the four Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft to measure the frequency–wavenumber spectrum of solar wind turbulence based on the k-filtering and phase differencing techniques. Both techniques have been used successfully in the past for the Earth’s magnetosphere, although applications to solar wind turbulence have been limited. We conclude that the solar wind turbulence intervals observed by MMS show features of nonpropagating structures that are associated with frequencies close to zero in the plasma rest frame. However, there is no clear evidence of propagating Alfvén waves that have a nonzero rest-frame frequency. The lack of waves may be due to instrument noise and spacecraft separation. Our results support the idea of turbulence dominated by quasi-2D structures.
The Gas and Stellar Content of a Metal-poor Galaxy at z = 8.496 as Revealed by JWST and ALMA
Authors: Heintz K. E. , Giménez-Arteaga C. , Fujimoto S. , Brammer G. , Espada D. , Gillman S. , González-López J. , Greve T. R. , Harikane Y. , Hatsukade B. , Knudsen K. K. , Koekemoer A. M. , Kohno K. , Kokorev V. , Lee M. M. , Magdis G. E. , Nelson E. J. , Rizzo F. , Sanders R. L. , Schaerer D. , Shapley A. E. , Strait V. B. , Toft S. , Valentino F. , Wel A. van der , Vijayan A. P. , Watson D. , Bauer F. E. , Christiansen C. R. , Wilson S. N. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present a joint analysis of the galaxy S04590 at z = 8.496 based on NIRSpec, NIRCam, and NIRISS observations obtained as part of the Early Release Observations program of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the far-infrared [C ii] 158 μm emission line detected by dedicated Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations. We determine the physical properties of S04590 from modeling of the spectral energy distribution (SED) and through the redshifted optical nebular emission lines detected with JWST/NIRSpec. The best-fit SED model reveals a low-mass (M
⋆ = 107.2–108
M
⊙) galaxy with a low oxygen abundance of

12
+
log
(
O

/

H
)
=

7.16

−
0.12

+
0.10

derived from the strong nebular and auroral emission lines. Assuming that [C ii] effectively traces the interstellar medium, we estimate the total gas mass of the galaxy to be M
gas = (8.0 ± 4.0) × 108
M
⊙ based on the luminosity and spatial extent of [C ii]. This yields an exceptionally high gas fraction, f
gas = M
gas/(M
gas + M
⋆) ≳ 90%, though one still consistent with the range expected for low metallicity. We further derive the metal mass of the galaxy based on the gas mass and gas-phase metallicity, which we find to be consistent with the expected metal production from Type II supernovae. Finally, we make the first constraints on the dust-to-gas (DTG) and dust-to-metal (DTM) ratios of galaxies in the epoch of reionization at z ≳ 6, showing overall low mass ratios of logDTG < −3.8 and logDTM < −0.5, though they are consistent with established scaling relations and in particular with those of the local metal-poor galaxy I Zwicky 18. Our analysis highlights the synergy between ALMA and JWST in characterizing the gas, metal, and stellar content of the first generation of galaxies.
Des citoyennes délibératives et des citoyens délibératifs : la Convention citoyenne pour le climat face à la délibération
Authors: Apouey Bénédicte , Fourniau Jean-Michel , Tournus Solène 
Published: February 2023

Le processus de recrutement (le « tirage au sort ») d’un mini-public conduit à sélectionner des volontaires motivé·es et disponibles pour participer à l’assemblée. Cependant, leurs dispositions pour la délibération ne se révèlent qu’en situation et dépendent largement du déroulement même du processus délibératif. L’analyse des réponses des volontaires participant à la Convention citoyenne pour le climat à des questionnaires portant sur la qualité délibérative des échanges, ainsi que leur comparaison avec celles données par les participant·es aux conférences citoyennes régionales du Grand débat national (France, 2019) et du G1000 (Belgique, 2011), permettent de saisir l’expression de dispositions relationnelles dans les interactions qui font d’une situation délibérative une expérience partagée. Nous employons l’expression « citoyennes délibératives et citoyens délibératifs » pour qualifier les interactions entre dispositions individuelles et dispositif délibératif, constitutives de l’expérience partagée. L’écoute et le respect entre participant·es, la sincérité des prises de parole et leur orientation vers le bien commun, le goût pour l’expression du désaccord politique en face à face forment la confiance des citoyennes délibératives et des citoyens délibératifs dans leur capacité collective à produire des propositions efficaces et justes. Un programme comparatif international permettrait de documenter leur expérience en saisissant plus finement les dispositions individuelles favorables à la délibération, leur formation et leur dynamique, en interrogeant les comportements qui les manifestent selon les motifs de participation.
Abstract 102
Authors: Nagarajan Vetrivel Babu , Juul Anders , Backeljauw Philippe , Kawai Masanobu , Linglart Agnès , Zuckerman-Levin Nehama , Horikawa Reiko 
Published: February 2023

Treatment of short stature in children born small for gestational age (SGA) requires daily growth hormone (GH) injections that can be burdensome for patients and caregivers. Once-weekly somapacitan is a long-acting GH in phase 3 development for replacement therapy in children with GH deficiency. We report the 52-week results of the first phase 2, multinational, randomised, open-label, controlled, dose-finding trial (NCT03878446) investigating efficacy and safety of somapacitan as treatment for short stature in children born SGA compared with daily GH (Norditropin®, Novo Nordisk A/S). Sixty-two (62; 35.5% female) GH-treatment-naïve, prepubertal children received 0.16, 0.20 or 0.24 mg/kg/week subcutaneous (s.c.) somapacitan, or 0.035 or 0.067 mg/kg/day s.c. GH. All children were subsequently included in a long-term safety extension trial.
At week 52, the observed mean height velocity (HV) was 8.5, 10.3 and 10.6 cm/year for 0.16 (n = 12), 0.20 (n = 13) and 0.24 mg/kg/week (n = 12) somapacitan, respectively, versus 9.4 and 11.2 cm/year for 0.035 (n = 11) and 0.067 mg/kg/day (n = 13) GH, respectively. The effect of the three somapacitan doses vs. GH on HV was not statistically significantly different. A similar pattern as seen for HV was observed for changes from baseline in height standard deviation score (SDS) and HV SDS. Dose-dependent increases in IGF-I SDS were observed with somapacitan and GH, and significant exposure-response relationships to HV were established for somapacitan. Among the somapacitan doses investigated, 0.24 mg/kg/week provided an IGF-I response most similar to that of 0.067 mg/kg/day GH.
All somapacitan doses were well tolerated; no safety concerns were identified. Reported AEs were mild to moderate; most were evaluated as unlikely related to treatment by the investigator. The tolerability profile was favourable and consistent with that of GH. Low-titre non-neutralizing hGH anti-drug antibodies were detected in one child in the GH 0.067 mg/kg/day arm; none were detected in other treatment arms. One patient treated with somapacitan 0.20 mg/kg/week developed type 1 diabetes mellitus. This event was evaluated as not related to the treatment. Otherwise, there were no clinically relevant findings with respect to glucose metabolism.
In conclusion, these data support that 0.24 mg/kg/week somapacitan appears most efficacious of the somapacitan doses investigated in short children born SGA after 52 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, the safety and tolerability profiles of this dose are similar to those of 0.067 mg/kg/day GH.
Abstract 155
Authors: Ravindra Shruthi 
Published: February 2023

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare congenital pituitary anatomical defect that leads to a variable degree of pituitary hormone deficiency. The classic neuroimaging findings of this condition include thin or interrupted stalk, absent or ectopic posterior pituitary, and hypoplastic anterior pituitary gland. The reported incidence of PSIS is 0.5 per 1,00,000 live births. The exact pathophysiology of this syndrome is not fully understood, but chromosomal microdeletions and perinatal asphyxia have some established roles in the literature as primary miscreants.
Here we report a case of an adolescent male child who presented with complaints of short stature and absent secondary sexual characters development, diagnosed with PSIS following an MRI.
A 16-year-old male child was referred to the endocrinology department for the evaluation of short stature and delayed secondary sexual character development. This patient was born out of a non-consanguinous marriage and delivered at term by the vaginal route, with no other significant perinatal or family history. Psychomotor milestones were attained appropriately as per age but had poor linear growth. On examination, he had short stature - height 146 cms (-2.7 SDS), weight: 53.5 kg BMI: 23.5 Kg/m2 with normal vitals. Head-to-toe examination revealed immature facies, deep-seated eyes, broad nasal bridge, bilateral lipomastia, high-pitched voice, Tanner stage: A1P1, SPL:4 cms, the testicular volume of 3cc bilaterally, with rest of the system-wise examinations being normal. Routine laboratory investigations (CBC, RFT, LFT, Electrolytes) were within normal limits. Bone age: 13 years. The hormonal assessment showed central hypothyroidism, hypocortisolemia, and GH insufficiency, with pre-pubertal gonadotropin levels- suggestive of pan-hypopituitarism (Table 1). MRI pituitary showed anterior pituitary hypoplasia with interrupted stalk, and ectopic posterior pituitary, with no other brain anomalies which is consistent with the diagnosis of PSIS. The patient was initiated on hormone replacement therapy, currently taking hydrocortisone, growth hormone, levothyroxine, and testosterone.
PSIS is a rare condition, that can present with various spectrum of clinical features. Signs and symptoms may not be evident in the neonatal and infancy period, therefore diagnosis is often delayed. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing adverse effects of long-term hormonal deficiencies and improving the quality of life.
Abstract 44
Authors: Agrawal Mayur , Kumar Sanjay , Agrawal Priyanka , Agrawal Shivali 
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The Marine-Lenhart Syndrome (MLS) is a very rare condition in which patient has Graves’ disease (GD) along with autonomic functioning thyroid nodules. GD can have hepatic dysfunction either due to autoimmune etiology, hepatic congestion due to cardiovascular effect or hepatic involvement due to anti thyroid drugs. Here, we present the first ever reported case of MLS presenting as hepatitis. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous case report on this rare condition with this rare presentation.

Case Presentation

A 51-year-old female presented with nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain for 3 weeks. She had decreased appetite, malaiseand jaundice for 10 days when presented to us. She has doubtful past history of taking some thyroid medication 5 years back which she took for about an year. Clinical examination revealed that she had icterus, fine tremors, goitre and looked emantiatied at her presentation. She had slight tenderness at right hypochondrium and looked dehyrated with raised temperature.

Evaluation

Her blood investigation reports also showed deranged Liver funtion tests. The conjugated bilirubin was raised (17 mg/dL). Both SGOT/SGPT (1184/636) and International normalized ratio INR (1.41) were also deranged. The CT scan results revealed the presence of mild hepatomegaly with liver parenchymal disease. The upper GI endoscopy and ECHO was normal. The endoscopic ultrasound reports revealed normal CBD and had no signs of an obstructive cause. HBsAg and HCV tests were negative. FT4 was 84 pmol/L (N 9-21) and TSH was <0.05 mIU/L. The thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) was positive which confirmed the diagnosis of Graves’ disease.
USG guided biopsy of liver was performed in view of deranged liver funtion test. HPE showed acute liver hepatitis and mixed pattern like DILI. The ANA/ANF antibody and IgG antibodies levels were higher, 79.95 IU (N < 20 IU) and 2048 mg/dl (N 700-1600 mg/dl) respectively.
Her provisional diagnosis was GD with autoimmune hepatitis and patient was planned for RIA. Thyroid scan revealed AFTN (autonomous functioning thyroid nodule). Taken all these results together, our final diagnosis was a rare condition of marine Lenhart syndrome with graves’ disease and autoimmune hepatitis.

Treatment

Initially patient was given IV fluids and supportive care. As patient had a deranged LFT and thyrotoxicosis, Lithium at a dose of 300 mg/d was started and it was titrated according to the blood lithium levels. She was given steroids for autoimmune hepatitis. RIA was advised, butpatient did not give consentand Lithium was continued. Patient is euthyroid with normal LFT at present.