bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A learning experience elicits sex‐dependent neurogenomic responses in Bicyclus anynana butterflies
Authors: Ernst David A. , Agcaoili Gabrielle A. , Merrill Abbigail N. , Westerman Erica L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSexually dimorphic behaviour is pervasive across animals, with males and females exhibiting different mate selection, parental care, foraging, dispersal, and territorial strategies. However, the genetic underpinnings of sexually dimorphic behaviours are poorly understood. Here we investigate gene networks and expression patterns associated with sexually dimorphic imprinting‐like learning in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. In this species, both males and females learn visual preferences, but learn preferences for different traits and use different signals as salient, unconditioned cues. To identify genes and gene networks associated with this behaviour, we examined gene expression profiles of the brains and eyes of male and female butterflies immediately post training and compared them to the same tissues of naïve individuals. We found more differentially expressed genes and a greater number of associated gene networks in the eyes, indicating a role of the peripheral nervous system in visual imprinting‐like learning. Females had higher chemoreceptor expression levels than males, supporting the hypothesized sexual dimorphic use of chemical cues during the learning process. In addition, genes that influence B. anynana wing patterns (sexual ornaments), such as invected, spalt, and apterous, were also differentially expressed in the brain and eye, suggesting that these genes may influence both sexual ornaments and the preferences for these ornaments. Our results indicate dynamic and sex‐specific responses to social scenario in both the peripheral and central nervous systems and highlight the potential role of wing patterning genes in mate preference and learning across the Lepidoptera.
Phylogeography of the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) throughout the USA identifies candidate loci for differences in vectorial capacity
Authors: Frederick Julia C. , Thompson Alec T. , Sharma Prisha , Dharmarajan Guha , Ronai Isobel , Pesapane Risa , Smith Ryan C. , Sundstrom Kellee D. , Tsao Jean I. , Tuten Holly C. , Yabsley Michael J. , Glenn Travis C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis (Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1821, 2, 59)) is a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) (International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1984, 34, 496), the causative bacterial agent of Lyme disease, part of a slow‐moving epidemic of Lyme borreliosis spreading across the northern hemisphere. Well‐known geographical differences in the vectorial capacity of these ticks are associated with genetic variation. Despite the need for detailed genetic information in this disease system, previous phylogeographical studies of these ticks have been restricted to relatively few populations or few genetic loci. Here we present the most comprehensive phylogeographical study of genome‐wide markers in I. scapularis, conducted by using 3RAD (triple‐enzyme restriction‐site associated sequencing) and surveying 353 ticks from 33 counties throughout the species' range. We found limited genetic variation among populations from the Northeast and Upper Midwest, where Lyme disease is most common, and higher genetic variation among populations from the South. We identify five spatially associated genetic clusters of I. scapularis. In regions where Lyme disease is increasing in frequency, the I. scapularis populations genetically group with ticks from historically highly Lyme‐endemic regions. Finally, we identify 10 variable DNA sites that contribute the most to population differentiation. These variable sites cluster on one of the chromosome‐scale scaffolds for I. scapularis and are within identified genes. Our findings illuminate the need for additional research to identify loci causing variation in the vectorial capacity of I. scapularis and where additional tick sampling would be most valuable to further understand disease trends caused by pathogens transmitted by I. scapularis.
Apocarotenoids are allosteric effectors of a dimeric plant glycosyltransferase involved in defense and lignin formation
Authors: Sun Guangxin , Liao Jieren , Kurze Elisabeth , Hoffmann Timothy D. , Steinchen Wieland , McGraphery Kate , Habegger Ruth , Marek Ludwig , Catici Dragana A. M. , Ludwig Christina , Jing Tingting , Hoffmann Thomas , Song Chuankui , Schwab Wilfried 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Glycosyltransferases are nature's versatile tools to tailor the functionalities of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and small molecules by transferring sugars. Prominent substrates are hydroxycoumarins such as scopoletin, which serve as natural plant protection agents. Similarly, C13‐apocarotenoids, which are oxidative degradation products of carotenoids/xanthophylls, protect plants by repelling pests and attracting pest predators.
We show that C13‐apocarotenoids interact with the plant glycosyltransferase NbUGT72AY1 and induce conformational changes in the enzyme catalytic center ultimately reducing its inherent UDP‐α‐d‐glucose glucohydrolase activity and increasing its catalytic activity for productive hydroxycoumarin substrates. By contrast, C13‐apocarotenoids show no effect on the catalytic activity toward monolignol lignin precursors, which are competitive substrates.
In vivo studies in tobacco plants (Nicotiana benthamiana) confirmed increased glycosylation activity upon apocarotenoid supplementation. Thus, hydroxycoumarins and apocarotenoids represent specialized damage‐associated molecular patterns, as they each provide precise information about the plant compartments damaged by pathogen attack.
The molecular basis for the C13‐apocarotenoid‐mediated interplay of two plant protective mechanisms and their function as allosteric enhancers opens up potential applications of the natural products in agriculture and pharmaceutical industry.
Acute and long‐term outcomes of quadripolar IS‐4 versus bipolar IS‐1 left ventricular leads in cardiac resynchronization therapy: A retrospective registry study
Authors: Maurhofer Jens , Asatryan Babken , Haeberlin Andreas , Noti Fabian , Roten Laurent , Seiler Jens , Baldinger Samuel H , Franzeck Florian , Lam Anna , Kueffer Thomas , Reichlin Tobias , Tanner Hildegard , Servatius Helge 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe implantation procedure of left ventricular (LV) leads and the management of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients can be challenging. The IS‐4 standard for CRT offers additional pacing vectors compared to bipolar leads (IS‐1). IS‐4 leads improve procedural outcome and may also result in lower adverse events during follow‐up (FU) and improve clinical outcome in CRT patients. Further long‐term FU data comparing the two lead designs are necessary.MethodsIn this retrospective, single‐center study we included adult patients implanted with a CRT‐Defibrillator (CRT‐D) or CRT‐Pacemaker (CRT‐P) with a quadripolar (IS‐4 group) or bipolar (IS‐1 group) LV lead and with available ≥3 years clinical FU. The combined primary endpoint was a combination of predefined, lead‐related adverse events. Secondary endpoints were all single components of the primary endpoint.ResultsOverall, 133 patients (IS‐4 n = 66; IS‐1 n = 67) with a mean FU of 4.03 ± 1.93 years were included. Lead‐related adverse events were less frequent in patients with an IS‐4 lead than with an IS‐1 lead (n = 8, 12.1% vs. n = 23, 34.3%; p = .002). The secondary outcomes showed a lower rate of LV lead deactivation/explantation and LV lead dislodgement/dysfunction (4.5% vs. 22.4%; p = .003; 4.5% vs. 17.9%; p = .015, respectively) in the IS‐4 patient group. Less patients suffered from unresolved phrenic nerve stimulation with an IS‐4 lead (3.0% vs. 13.4%; p = .029). LV lead‐related re‐interventions were fewer in case of an IS‐4 lead (6.1% vs. 17.9%; p = .036).ConclusionIn this retrospective analysis, the IS‐4 LV lead is associated with lower lead‐related complication rates than the IS‐1 lead at long‐term FU.
Temporal pathways from attachment insecurity to paranoia in a heterogeneous clinical sample: An experience sampling study
Authors: Dančík Daniel , Hajdúk Michal , Januška Jakub , Straková Alexandra , Heretik Anton 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThere has been growing interest in the role of attachment mechanisms in the onset and maintenance of paranoia. The latest systematic reviews of mixed samples of healthy individuals and psychiatric patients have revealed that increased trait attachment anxiety and avoidance are associated with experiencing paranoia, with trait attachment anxiety showing a stronger association. Few studies have examined attachment and paranoia in naturalistic conditions via the Experience Sampling Method.ObjectivesThe present study examined whether experiences of attachment anxiety and avoidance fluctuate in the flow of daily life, and whether a within‐person change in both attachment states precedes the experience of momentary paranoia, and negative and positive emotions.MethodsThirty‐seven clinical participants and twenty‐six healthy controls were studied over six consecutive days using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). An experience‐in‐close‐relationships questionnaire (ECR‐R 16 SF) was used to capture trait attachment dimensions. Several ESM items were used to capture momentary negative and positive affect, paranoia and attachment insecurity states.ResultsThe findings revealed that fluctuations in both attachment insecurity states were significantly higher in the clinical group. A prior elevated attachment anxiety and avoidance was followed by an increase in negative affect in the next moment and elevated attachment avoidance was additionally followed by a decrease in positive affect and an increase in paranoia.ConclusionOur findings reveal the specific temporal associations between momentary attachment insecurity states as predictors of change in emotions/affects and paranoia, along with evidence that state attachment avoidance has a superior impact on momentary affect and paranoia compared to state attachment anxiety. These results contrast with those of recent cross‐sectional studies.
Natural variation in salt‐induced root growth phases and their contribution to root architecture plasticity
Authors: van Zelm Eva , Bugallo‐Alfageme Silvia , Behrouzi Pariya , Meyer A. Jessica , Testerink Christa , Gommers Charlotte M. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe root system architecture of a plant changes during salt stress exposure. Different accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana have adopted different strategies in remodelling their root architecture during salt stress. Salt induces a multiphase growth response in roots, consisting of a stop phase, quiescent phase, recovery phase and eventually a new level of homoeostasis. We explored natural variation in the length of and growth rate during these phases in both main and lateral roots and find that some accessions lack the quiescent phase. Using mathematical models and correlation‐based network, allowed us to correlate dynamic traits to overall root architecture and discover that both the main root growth rate during homoeostasis and lateral root appearance are the strongest determinants of overall root architecture. In addition, this approach revealed a trade‐off between investing in main or lateral root length during salt stress. By studying natural variation in high‐resolution temporal root growth using mathematical modelling, we gained new insights in the interactions between dynamic root growth traits and we identified key traits that modulate overall root architecture during salt stress.
Aging attenuated theta response during multistable perception
Authors: Küçük Kurtuluş Mert , Mathes Birgit , Schmiedt‐Fehr Christina , Başar‐Eroğlu Canan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultistable stimuli are physically unchanging, but elicit spontaneous perceptual reversals between multiple internally generated perceptual alternatives. Perceptual reversal rates seem to decrease in older adults; however, there is no literature on the electrophysiological correlates of this performance decrease. Here, we aimed to identify age‐related changes in theta activity that relate to decreased reversal rates of older adults. Electroencephalography (EEG) of young (n = 15) and older adults (n = 15) was recorded during presentation of stroboscopic alternative motion (SAM) and a control stimulus. Time‐frequency amplitudes were extracted in 4–8 Hz via Morlet wavelet convolution. Older adults had lower SAM reversals as well as decreased accuracy, increased reaction time (RT) and increased RT variability in the control task. In older adults, reversal‐related frontal theta response was diminished, yet parietal theta was intact. In the parietal area, the relationship between theta response and reversal rates was robust, but in the frontal area, was dependent on age‐related variance. Result indicated that, in older adults, top‐down facilitation of perceptual reversals was impaired. This appears to result in a predominantly bottom‐up resolution of perceptual multistability. Age‐related degradation of sensory areas in this bottom‐up‐driven resolution process might have slowed reversals. This study presents the first electrophysiological correlates of age‐related impairment in multistable perceptual integration.
Breaking Patriarchal Succession Cycles: How Land Relations Influence Women's Roles in Farming☆
Authors: Sutherland Lee‐Ann , McKee Annie , Hopkins Jonathan , Hasler Hannah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper we assess the relationship between how women access the land they farm, and their farming identities, roles, and future succession plans. Utilizing a Bourdieusian approach, we conceptualize inheritance of farmland as a long‐term process of symbolic and economic investment. We conducted a cohort analysis of women living or working on farms in Scotland, UK who (a) were or were not raised on farms; and (b) bought into or inherited agricultural land (directly or through their spouses). Data comprised on‐line survey responses, qualitative interviews and focus groups. Analysis demonstrated that women who were raised on farms and either inherited farms or established new farms, were more likely to identify themselves as farmers, engage in machinery work and identify female successors. Women who accessed farmland through marriage tended to engage in more home‐making tasks, to identify themselves as farmers' wives, and to occupy larger farms. These largest, potentially most viable farms thus continue to be inherited by men. However, when women inherit farms, a step change occurs, where daughters are much more likely to be identified as future successors. Enabling women raised on farms to inherit and/or establish new farms is thus critical to altering patriarchal succession cycles.
What's your problem? How issue ownership and partisan discourse influence personal concerns
Authors: Junqueira Andrea , Kagalwala Ali , Lipsmeyer Christine S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivePolitics around the world has become more divisive. We ask if the influence of far‐right parties extends to personal concerns and argue that a theory combining issue ownership with partisan discourse can explain personal policy salience.MethodUsing aggregate Eurobarometer data, we create compositional models to estimate the effect of partisan discourse on pocketbook policy concerns. We focus on whether these elite messages influence concerns differently depending on the presence of a far‐right party.ResultsWe find that more partisan discussion about law‐and‐order issues influences relative personal concerns on security and immigration issues across ideological groups when a far‐right party is present.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that an “issue‐owning” party can alter how people interpret politics and view their own concerns. Far‐right parties influence the perceptions of people across ideologies. Research showed that these parties can influence parties and voters; we show that they can shape personal perceptions.
Class switching is differentially regulated in RBC alloimmunization and vaccination
Authors: Prakash Anupam , Medved Jelena , Arneja Abhinav , Niebuhr Conrad , Li Andria N. , Tarrah Soraya , Boscia Alexis R. , Burnett Emily D. , Singh Aanika , Salazar Juan E. , Xu Wenhao , Santhanakrishnan Manjula , Hendrickson Jeanne E. , Luckey Chance John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies of human patients have shown that most anti‐RBC alloantibodies are IgG1 or IgG3 subclasses, although it is unclear why transfused RBCs preferentially drive these subclasses over others. Though mouse models allow for the mechanistic exploration of class‐switching, previous studies of RBC alloimmunization in mice have focused more on the total IgG response than the relative distribution, abundance, or mechanism of IgG subclass generation. Given this major gap, we compared the IgG subclass distribution generated in response to transfused RBCs relative to protein in alum vaccination, and determined the role of STAT6 in their generation.Study Design and MethodsWT mice were either immunized with Alum/HEL‐OVA or transfused with HOD RBCs and levels of anti‐HEL IgG subtypes were measured using end‐point dilution ELISAs. To study the role of STAT6 in IgG class‐switching, we first generated and validated novel STAT6 KO mice using CRISPR/cas9 gene editing. STAT6 KO mice were then transfused with HOD RBCs or immunized with Alum/HEL‐OVA, and IgG subclasses were quantified by ELISA.ResultsWhen compared with antibody responses to Alum/HEL‐OVA, transfusion of HOD RBCs induced lower levels of IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2c but similar levels of IgG3. Class switching to most IgG subtypes remained largely unaffected in STAT6 deficient mice in response to HOD RBC transfusion, with the one exception being IgG2b. In contrast, STAT6 deficient mice showed altered levels of all IgG subtypes following Alum vaccination.DiscussionOur results show that anti‐RBC class‐switching occurs via alternate mechanisms when compared with the well‐studied immunogen alum vaccination.
Manufacturing a Ceramic Turbine Rotor for a Compact Jet Engine
Authors: Leicht Bryan T. , Bohan Brian T. , Schauer Fred , Kemnitz Ryan , Rueschhoff Lisa M. , Lam Benjamin , Kemp James W. , Costakis William 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Compact military-grade jet engines offer many potential applications, including use in remotely piloted vehicles, but can be expensive to use for research and development purposes. A study aimed at increasing the power and thrust output of an inexpensive commercial compact engine found a material limitation issue in the turbomachinery. To gain the additional power, hotter turbine inlet temperatures were required. This temperature increase exceeded the limit of current uncooled metal turbine rotors but could be achieved through turbine rotors made from ceramics, such as silicon nitride, which would allow an increase in the thrust and power output by a factor of 1.44. Current ceramic turbine manufacturing methods are costly and time-consuming for rapid prototyping, but recent breakthroughs in ceramic additive manufacturing have allowed for cheaper methods and faster production which are beneficial for use in research and development when designs are being rapidly changed and tested. This research demonstrated, through finite element analysis, that a silicon nitride turbine rotor could meet the increased turbine inlet temperature conditions to provide the desired thrust and power increase. Furthermore, as a proof of concept, an additively manufactured drop-in replacement alumina turbine rotor was produced for the JetCat P400 small-scale engine in a manner that was cost-effective, timely, and potentially scalable for production. This compact engine was used to demonstrate that a cost-effective ceramic turbine could be manufactured. At the time of publication, the desired ceramic material, silicon nitride, was not available for additive manufacturing.
Study protocol: peer delivered early intervention (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents for Infants at risk of Cerebral Palsy: LEAP-CP) for First Nation Australian infants at high risk of cerebral palsy – an RCT study
Authors: Benfer Katherine , Boyd Roslyn N , Roe Yvette , Fagan Ruth , Luke Carly , Mick-Ramsamy Leeann , Whittingham Koa , Novak Iona , Bosanquet Margot , McNamara Lynda , Khandaker Gulam , Fogarty Lucy , Cadet-James Yvonne , Ruben Alan , Comans Tracy , Smith Anthony , Ware Robert S 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood physical disability with rates approximately 50% higher in First Nations Australian children. This study aims to evaluate a culturally-adapted parent-delivered early intervention programme for First Nations Australian infants at high risk of CP (Learning through Everyday Activities with Parents for infants with CP; LEAP-CP).Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised assessor masked controlled trial. Infants with birth/postnatal risk factors will be eligible for screening. Infants at high risk of CP (‘absent fidgety’ on General Movements Assessment, and/or ‘suboptimal score’ on the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination) aged 12–52 weeks corrected age will be recruited. Infants and their caregivers will be randomised to receive LEAP-CP (intervention) or health advice (comparator). LEAP-CP is a culturally-adapted programme of 30 home visits delivered by a peer trainer (First Nations Community Health Worker); and includes goal-directed active motor/cognitive strategies, CP learning games and caregiver educational modules. The control arm receives a monthly health advice visit, based on the Key Family Practices, WHO. All infants continue to receive standard (mainstream) Care as Usual. Dual child primary outcomes are Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III. The primary caregiver outcome is the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Secondary outcomes include function, goal attainment, vision, nutritional status and emotional availability. Sample size: total of 86 children (43/group) will enable an effect size of 0.65 on the PDMS-2 to be detected (80% power, α=0.05; 10% attrition).Ethics and disseminationEthics approval through Queensland ethics committees and Aboriginal Controlled Community Health Organisation Research Governance Groups, with families providing written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated with guidance from the Participatory Action Research, in collaboration with First Nations communities; peer-reviewed journal publications and national/international conference presentations.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000969167p.