bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary intake and occupational status among female youths of Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Lan Mai , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Hoang Nga Thu , Truong Duong Thuy Thi , Tran Trang Huyen Thi , Bui Diep Ngoc , Hoa Hanh Thi Hong , Hua Diem Thi , Bergeron Gilles 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAdolescence is a sensitive transition time that affects rights, roles, and responsibilities in food choice, yet limited evidence exists on dietary intakes during this critical period. This study assessed the food consumption pattern and the adequacy of energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes among female youth belonging to three occupational groups in Vietnam. Dietary intakes were measured for 1001 participants aged 16–22 years using INDDEX24's 24‐h recall method. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine differences in diet outcomes among the three occupational groups. Dietary diversity was similar across groups but workers, compared to high school and college students, consumed less baked/grain‐based sweets and fast foods, and more soft drinks, other sweets, and processed meat. Two‐thirds of the sample showed energy intake lower than the estimated energy requirement, while a substantial percentage had insufficient or excessive intake of carbohydrate and fat. The mean probability of adequacy of nutrient intakes was low (0.33) and not different across all three occupational groups except for folate, which favored workers. Our study provides novel evidence supporting the development and implementation of interventions to achieve national targets, with emphasis on female youths who undergo special transitions in education, occupation, and lifestyle.
Characterization of the substernal space with computed tomography imaging in patients with and without median sternotomy: Assessing a novel implant location for extravascular defibrillation lead placement
Authors: Chen Wanlan , Gong Yongjun , Xia Limin , Zhang Yu , Lu Hongyang , Bhatia Varun , Thompson Amy , Cao Jian , Yang Jun , Yao Weiwu , Qiu Zhaohui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundImplantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) provide clinically significant therapy for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. This study aimed to characterize the substernal space using computed tomography (CT) in patients with and without prior midline sternotomy to investigate the feasibility of substernal ICD lead implantation in post‐sternotomy patients.MethodsHigh‐quality electrocardiogram‐gated CT images from 100 patients (71% male, average body mass index 23.5 ± 2.9) were retrospectively collected, including 50 patients with prior midline sternotomy (S‐group) and 50 patients with no prior sternotomy (NS‐group). Distances were measured from the retrosternal surface to the epicardial surface of the heart and segmented into four regions from the xiphoid tip and superiorly along the sternum.ResultsResults generally showed a measurable but narrower average sternum‐to‐heart distance in the prior sternotomy group compared to the non‐sternotomy group in all four regions (p < .05). In the S‐group, the sternum‐to‐heart distances across all regions ranged from 0 to 32.0 mm, while in the NS‐group, the distances ranged from 0 to 39.9 mm.ConclusionSmall but measurable separations between the heart and sternum were observed in patients with prior sternotomy, particularly near the xiphoid region, indicating the potential viability of extravascular substernal ICD lead implantation in post‐sternotomy patients.
Adaptation of high‐efficiency CRISPR/Cas9‐based multiplex genome editing system in white lupin by using endogenous promoters
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqi , Xu Weifeng , Liu Bowen , Zhan Yujie , Xia Tianyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhite lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an important crop with high phosphorus (P) use efficiency; however, technologies for its functional genomic and molecular analyses are limited. Cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been applied to gene editing and function genomics in many crops, but its application in white lupin has not been well documented. Here, we adapted the CRISPR/Cas9‐based multiplex genome editing system by using the native U3/U6 and ubiquitin (UBQ) promoters to drive sgRNAs and Cas9. Two target sites (T1 and T2) within the Lalb_Chr05g0223881 gene, encoding a putative trehalase, were selected to validate its efficacy in white lupin based on the Agrobacterium rhizogenes‐mediated transformation. We found that the T0 hairy roots were efficiently mutated at T1 and T2 with a frequency of 6.25%–35% and 50%–92.31%, respectively. The mutation types include nucleotide insertion, deletion, substitution, and complicated variant. Simultaneous mutations of the two targets were also observed with a range of 6.25%–35%. The combination of LaU6.6 promoter for sgRNA and LaUBQ12 promoter for Cas9 generated the highest frequency of homozygous/biallelic mutations at 38.46%. In addition, the target‐sgRNA sequence also contributes to the editing efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in white lupin. In conclusion, our results expand the toolbox of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and benefit the basic research in white lupin.
Financial inclusion, gender gaps and agricultural productivity in Mali
Authors: Fowowe Babajide 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMali is a prominent fragile and post‐conflict country, and armed rebellions have cumulatively resulted in over 20 years of conflict since independence. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Malian economy and accounts for about 40% of GDP and employs 80% of the active population. However, the agricultural sector has performed sub‐optimally and food security has not been attained. Financial exclusion and gender inequality have been identified as critical impediments to agricultural productivity. This study conducted an empirical investigation of the effects of financial inclusion and gender gaps on agricultural productivity in Mali. The study made use of data from the Living Standards Measurement Study—Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS–ISA) for the year 2017 in Mali. The empirical results show that financial inclusion has had a positive and significant effect on agricultural productivity in Mali. In addition, the results demonstrate that gender gaps exist in agricultural productivity, and agricultural productivity of women is lower than that of men. The gender gap in the full specifications was between 44.5% and 49.8%. The study concludes by providing some policy options for improving financial inclusion and thus reducing gender gaps, so as to boost agricultural productivity.
Collective versus individual interests: The varying effects of public goods and services on tax attitudes in Africa
Authors: Olawole Ifeoluwa M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTaxation is crucial for revenue, political participation, and the demand for accountability in Africa. Most existing theories do not predict tax attitudes in informal economies with weak institutional capacity nor do they demonstrate how service delivery translates to stronger tax regimes. This article examines the fiscal exchange theory— how government's expenditure affects voluntary compliance—across Africa, showing mechanisms through which service delivery affects tax morale.MethodsThe study uses a public opinion survey of over 41,000 respondents from 29 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa. The statistical analysis employs an ordered logit model and linear probability model to test the hypotheses.ResultsThe study finds that service delivery determines tax attitudes. In addition, the study examines aspects of service delivery that are of most concern to citizens and finds that services that cater to individual needs are stronger in inducing tax morale than those that address collective needs. The article also finds that citizens’ acknowledgement of receipt of goods is not an indication of inherent incumbent support.ConclusionThis study sought to understand the relationship between different modes of service delivery and the likelihood of having tax morale among African citizens and ultimately sheds light upon citizen–state relationships, effective governance, and voluntary compliance.
Domains without parabolic minimal submanifolds and weakly hyperbolic domains
Authors: Forstnerič Franc 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe show that if is an ‐convex domain in for some whose boundary has a tubular neighbourhood of positive radius and is not ‐flat near infinity, then does not contain any immersed parabolic minimal submanifolds of dimension . In particular, if is a properly embedded non‐flat minimal hypersurface in with a tubular neighbourhood of positive radius, then every immersed parabolic hypersurface in intersects . In dimension , this holds if has bounded Gaussian curvature function. We also introduce the class of weakly hyperbolic domains in , characterised by the property that every conformal harmonic map is constant, and we elucidate their relationship with hyperbolic domains, and domains without parabolic minimal surfaces.
Set‐homogeneous hypergraphs
Authors: Assari Amir , Hosseinzadeh Narges , Macpherson Dugald 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA ‐uniform hypergraph is set‐homogeneous if it is countable (possibly finite) and whenever two finite induced subhypergraphs are isomorphic there is with ; the hypergraph is said to be homogeneous if in addition every isomorphism between finite induced subhypergraphs extends to an automorphism. We give four examples of countably infinite set‐homogeneous ‐uniform hypergraphs that are not homogeneous (two with , one with and one with ). Evidence is also given that these may be the only ones, up to complementation. For example, for there is just one countably infinite ‐uniform hypergraph whose automorphism group is not 2‐transitive, and there is none for . We also give an example of a finite set‐homogeneous 3‐uniform hypergraph that is not homogeneous.
The Effect of Treatment of Powder Precursor on the Properties of Compacted Mg-4Y-3Re Alloy
Authors: Dvorský Drahomír , Kubásek Jiří , Nečas David , Čavojský Miroslav , Drahokoupil Jan , Vojtěch Dalibor 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Powder metallurgy products display superior performance compared to traditionally cast ingots. The final properties of these products can be altered through various methods, such as pre-treatment of the powder. This study focuses on different pre-treatment techniques, including milling, chemical treatment, and heat treatment, as well as their combinations. The results show that distinct microstructures were produced, and their impact on mechanical and corrosion properties was evaluated. The results indicate that milling and chemical treatment increase the yield strength of the material by up to 34 MPa but decrease the elongation by up to 5%. On the other hand, heat treatment increases the elongation by up to 7% but decreases the yield strength by up to 36 MPa. Corrosion resistance is improved especially by chemical and heat treatment of powders, where the corrosion rate was observed to decrease by up to 50% in comparison to the value of product from atomized powder. Additionally, all types of powder pre-treatment were found to improve the corrosion resistance of the final product. This provides an opportunity to tailor the mechanical and corrosion properties of these materials to meet specific applications.
Motivational Profile as a Predictor of Physical Activity Among US Adults During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Daily Diary Study
Authors: Moore Kristen N. , Nuss Kayla , Do Bridgette , Wang Shirlene D. , Li Kaigang , Graham Dan J. , Dunton Genevieve F. , Courtney Jimikaye B. 
Published: July 2023

This study used a daily diary approach to examine associations between day-level physical activity (PA) behavior, PA-specific motivational profile, and days since the COVID-19 national emergency declaration during the early months (April–June 2020) of the pandemic. A total of 468 US adults (Mage = 34.8 y, 79% female) participated in a 28-day smartphone-based daily diary study assessing PA. A baseline survey assessed PA and motivation for PA using the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. Multilevel linear regression models examined the main effects and interactions of motivational profile and time (days since the US March 13, 2020, COVID-19 national emergency declaration) on daily PA minutes. Latent profile analysis identified 4 distinct motivational profiles for PA among this sample: profile 1: high amotivation (n = 100, 21%); profile 2: low controlled motivation (n = 55, 12%); profile 3: high external regulation (n = 47, 10%); and profile 4: moderate autonomous motivation (n = 266, 57%). After controlling for baseline PA, there were significant interactions between profile and time on daily PA (−0.21, P < .01). Profile 2 showed greater decreases in daily PA minutes over time than profile 1 (b = −0.29, P < .01). Profiles 3 and 4 did not indicate significant decreases in PA compared with profile 1 (b = 0.14, P = .31 and b = −0.16, P = .05, respectively). Contrary to previous research, individuals with lower controlled or moderate autonomous motivation demonstrated the largest decreases in PA over time, whereas individuals with higher amotivation or external regulation demonstrated smaller decreases over time. These findings suggest that external motivation may have provided short-term protection against declines in PA observed during early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.
SARS-CoV-2 infection alters mitochondrial and cytoskeletal function in human respiratory epithelial cells mediated by expression of spike protein
Authors: Yeung-Luk Bonnie H. , Narayanan Gitanjali A. , Ghosh Baishakhi , Wally Ara , Lee Esther , Mokaya Michelle , Wankhade Esha , Zhang Rachel , Lee Brianna , Park Bongsoo , Resnick Jessica , Jedlicka Anne , Dziedzic Amanda , Ramanathan Murugappan , Biswal Shyam , Pekosz Andrew , Sidhaye Venkataramana K. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, SCV2), which has resulted in higher morbidity and mortality rate than other respiratory viral infections, such as Influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Investigating the molecular mechanisms of SCV2-host infection vs IAV is vital in exploring antiviral drug targets against SCV2. We assessed differential gene expression in human nasal cells upon SCV2 or IAV infection using RNA sequencing. Compared to IAV, we observed alterations in both metabolic and cytoskeletal pathways suggestive of epithelial remodeling in the SCV2-infected cells, reminiscent of pathways activated as a response to chronic injury. We found that spike protein interaction with the epithelium was sufficient to instigate these epithelial responses using a SCV2 spike pseudovirus. Specifically, we found downregulation of the mitochondrial markers SIRT3 and TOMM22. Moreover, SCV2 spike infection increased extracellular acidification and decreased oxygen consumption rate in the epithelium. In addition, we observed cytoskeletal rearrangements with a reduction in the actin-severing protein cofilin-1 and an increase in polymerized actin, indicating epithelial cytoskeletal rearrangements. This study revealed distinct epithelial responses to SCV2 infection, with early mitochondrial dysfunction in the host cells and evidence of cytoskeletal remodeling that could contribute to the worsened outcome in COVID-19 patients compared to IAV patients. These changes in cell structure and energetics could contribute to cellular resilience early during infection, allowing for prolonged cell survival and potentially paving the way for more chronic symptoms.

IMPORTANCE
COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic affecting millions of people worldwide, resulting in a higher mortality rate and concerns of more persistent symptoms compared to influenza A. To study this, we compare lung epithelial responses to both viruses. Interestingly, we found that in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cellular energetics changed and there were cell structural rearrangements. These changes in cell structure could lead to prolonged epithelial cell survival, even in the face of not working well, potentially contributing to the development of chronic symptoms. In summary, these findings represent strategies utilized by the cell to survive the infection but result in a fundamental shift in the epithelial phenotype, with potential long-term consequences, which could set the stage for the development of chronic lung disease or long COVID-19.
Improving hand therapy delivery during care transitions in multisystem trauma patients
Authors: Milazzo Thomas , Bishop Kelly , Ho George , Tse Estella , Binhammer Paul , Mayo Amanda , Dengler Jana 
Published: July 2023

High-quality hand therapy is critical to maximising functional capacity and optimising overall outcomes following hand injuries. Therapy delivery requires clear communication between surgeons and occupational therapists. At Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (SHSC), Canada’s largest tertiary care centre, suboptimal communication is a significant barrier to efficient hand therapy delivery in acute multisystem trauma patients. A baseline audit at SHSC found that 41% of hand therapy orders required clarification and 35% of patients waited over 24 hours before their order was fulfilled. In many cases, communication errors created unacceptably long delays that were suspected by surgeon stakeholders to impede patient outcomes. This highlighted an opportunity for investigation and system improvement.Using process mapping methodology, we outlined standard process involved in patient care and identified barriers to successful communication. We collaborated with key stakeholders to codesign a standardised template for care orders. We aimed to improve order clarity and consistency with the goal of reducing the incidence of clarification and delays.Postimplementation, the percentage of hand therapy orders requiring clarification was decreased to 24%. The number of patients waiting over 24 hours for therapy was also reduced; however, further investigation is required to verify this finding. In addition, essential order components were more consistently and comprehensively included. Next steps of this work include expanding the use of the order template outside of the multisystem trauma population and improving the communication of hand therapy at discharge from hospital.
Validity and reliability of the Thai version of the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale-Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS) in Thai youths and young adults with gender dysphoria
Authors: Jamneankal Tanawis , Kiatrungrit Komsan , Arunakul Jiraporn , Korpaisarn Sira , Auapisithwong Suthra 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundMany people who are gender variant have undiagnosed gender dysphoria, resulting in delayed receipt of gender-affirming support and prolonged distress in living with their gender-non-conforming sex. The Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale-Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS) is a newly developed tool that measures dissatisfaction with gender identity and expression. However, there is no translated version of this tool in Thai. Moreover, the sensitivity, specificity and cut-off point of the UGDS-GS to detect gender dysphoria in people who are transgender remain unknown.AimsThis study translated the UGDS-GS into Thai and then examined the validity and reliability of the Thai UGDS-GS.Methods185 participants with and without gender dysphoria were selected from the Gender Variation Clinic in Ramathibodi Hospital and from social media platforms. The UGDS-GS was translated into Thai according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on translation. The medical records of patients with gender dysphoria and semi-structured interviews were used to confirm the diagnosis of gender dysphoria. Subsequently, the validity and reliability of the instrument were analysed.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 30.43 (7.98) years among the 51 assigned males (27.6%) and 134 assigned females (72.4%) at birth. The Thai UGDS-GS average score was 77.82 (9.71) for those with gender dysphoria (n=95) and 46.03 (10.71) for those without gender dysphoria (n=90). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.962, showing excellent internal consistency. In addition, exploratory factor analysis showed compatibility with the original version’s metrics. The value of the area under the curve was 0.976 (95% confidence interval: 0.954 to 0.998), indicating outstanding concordance. At the cut-off point of ‘60’, sensitivity and specificity were good (96.84% and 91.11%, respectively).ConclusionsThe Thai UGDS-GS is an excellent, psychometrically reliable and valid tool for screening gender dysphoria in clinical and community settings in Thailand. The cut-off point of ‘60’ scores suggests a positive indicator or a high chance of gender dysphoria.
Role of sex and gender in concussion outcome differences among patients presenting to the emergency department: a systematic review
Authors: Corrick Shaina , Lesyk Nicholas , Yang Esther , Campbell Sandra , Villa-Roel Cristina , Rowe Brian H 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to identify research involving adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a concussion to document the reporting of sex and/or gender according to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) guidelines, the prevalence of sex and gender-based analysis (SGBA) and to summarise sex and/or gender-based differences in ED presentation, management and outcomes.DesignSystematic review.MethodsElectronic databases and grey literature were searched to identify studies that recruited adult patients with concussion from the ED. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies, assessed quality and extracted data. A descriptive summary of the evidence was generated, and sex and/or gender reporting was examined for accuracy according to standardised criteria.ResultsOverall, 126 studies were included in the analyses. A total of 80 (64%) studies reported sex and/or gender as demographic information, of which 51 (64%) included sex and/or gender in their analysis; however, 2 (3%) studies focused on an SGBA. Sex was more accurately reported in alignment with CIHR definitions than gender (94% vs 12%; p<0.0001). In total, 25 studies used an SGBA for outcomes of interest. Males and females experience different causes of concussion, 60% of studies documented that females had less frequent CT scanning while in the ED, and 57% of studies reported that postconcussion syndrome was more prevalent in females and women.ConclusionThis systematic review highlighted that sex is reported more accurately than gender, approximately half of studies did not report either sex and/or gender as demographic information, and one-third of studies did not include SGBA. There were important sex and gender differences in the cause, ED presentation, management and outcomes of concussions.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021258613.