bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hamilton's principle with phase changes and conservation principles for moist potential vorticity
Authors: Kooloth Parvathi , Smith Leslie M. , Stechmann Samuel N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany definitions of moist potential vorticity (PV) have been proposed to extend the dry theory of Ertel PV. None of the moist PV definitions seem to have all of the desirable properties of the dry Ertel PV. For instance, dry PV is not only a globally conserved quantity, but also a material invariant that is conserved along fluid parcel trajectories. Therefore, an open question remains: Is there a moist PV that is a material invariant, if clouds and phase changes of water are present? In prior studies, definitions of moist PV have been proposed based on physical and mathematical intuition. Here, a systematic approach is used. In particular, a particle relabeling symmetry is devised for a moist atmosphere and then Noether's theorem is employed to arrive at the associated conservation laws for a moist PV. A priori, it is not clear whether this systematic approach will be viable, since it relies on variational derivatives in Hamilton's principle, and phase changes introduce singularities that could potentially prevent derivatives at the cloud edge. However, it is shown that the energy and the Lagrangian density are sufficiently smooth to allow variational derivatives, in a moist Boussinesq system with reversible phase transitions between water vapor and liquid cloud water. From the particle relabeling symmetry, a moist Kelvin circulation theorem is found, along with a moist PV conservation law that applies not for each individual parcel but for parcel‐integrated PV, integrated over certain local volumes.
Adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ on the l‐cysteine‐functionalized graphene oxide/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel: Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic study
Authors: Lemma Leta , Kiflie Zebene , Kassahun Shimelis K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, polyvinyl alcohol‐chitosan‐cysteine‐functionalized graphene oxide (PCCFG) hydrogel was synthesized from l‐cysteine‐functionalized graphene oxide (CFG), chitosan (CS), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and employed for removing lead ion (Pb2+) and cadmium ion (Cd2+) from aqueous solution. The effects of initial metal ion concentration, hydrogel dose, pH, time, and temperature were studied. The experimental data were well described by a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacities of 250 and 192 mg g−1 at 25°C for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively. The adsorption capacity of the PCCFG hydrogel increased with an increase in temperature. The value of ∆G° was negative, which shows the spontaneity of the reaction (electron exchange or ion exchange) between the metal ion and electron‐rich atoms (–N, –S, –O). The positive ∆H° shows that the adsorption reaction consumes energy and the positive ∆S° shows the strong affinity of PCCFG toward the Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions. Pb2+ had better affinity and less spontaneity than Cd2+. The results show that the coexistence of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ in the solution inhibits the adsorption capacity of PCCFG.
Position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy for robot grinding complex surfaces system
Authors: Li Lun , Wang Zhengjia , Zhu Guang , Zhao Jibin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs a key technology of robot grinding, force control has great influence on grinding effects. Based on the traditional impedance control, a position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy is proposed to improve the grinding quality of aeroengine complex curved parts, which considers the stiffness damping environmental interaction model, modifies the reference trajectory by a Lyapunov‐based approach to realize the adaptive grinding process. In addition, forgotten Kalman filter based on six‐dimensional force sensor is used to denoise the force information and a three‐step gravity compensation process including static base value calculation, dynamic zero update and contact force real‐time calculation is proposed to obtain the accurate contact force between tool and workpiece in this method. Then, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation experiment which including five different working conditions is conducted in MATLAB, and the experiment studying the deviation between the reference trajectory and the actual position is carried out on the robot grinding system. The results indicate that the position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy can quickly respond to the changes of environmental position, reduce the fluctuation range of contact force in time by modifying the reference trajectory, compensate for the defect of the steady‐state error of the traditional impedance control strategy and improve the surface consistency of machined parts.
Born into chaos: How founding conditions shape whether ventures survive or thrive when experiencing environmental change
Authors: Motley D. Carrington , Eesley Charles E. , Koo Wesley 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryIntegrating research on the persistence of founding conditions and the effects of environmental change, we explore how a venture's performance outcomes following environmental change depend on the venture's environmental conditions at founding. Using a unique sample of 1,060 new ventures from a comprehensive survey of university alumni, our analysis indicates that the interaction of high environmental dynamism at founding and a functionally diverse founding team is beneficial to venture survival when environmental dynamism increases over time. However, the same founding conditions result in a decreased likelihood of positive exit when environmental dynamism decreases.Managerial SummaryThis study examines the interplay between environmental change and internal team composition, revealing how best to benefit from the potential created by environmental change. We find that (relative to functionally homogenous teams) founders that assemble more functionally diverse teams survive longer when facing increasing environmental dynamism. In contrast, a more functionally homogenous team is better able to capture opportunities when environmental dynamism decreases after founding. While predicting the course of environmental change is difficult, entrepreneurs who can synchronize their predictions of change with their decisions regarding team composition can enable better venture performance. This study also highlights the importance of developing capabilities to enable flexibility in decision‐making processes, which are often inflexible, limiting the ability to take advantage of unique opportunities provided by environmental change.
A Bone‐Penetrating Precise Controllable Drug Release System Enables Localized Treatment of Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention via Modulating Osteoblast‐Osteoclast Communication
Authors: Liang Haojun , Chen Kui , Xie Jing , Yao Lei , Liu Yunpeng , Hu Fan , Li Hao , Lei Yinze , Wang Yujiao , Lv Linwen , Chen Ziteng , Liu Sen , Liu Qiuyang , Wang Zhijie , Li Jiacheng , Chang Ya‐Nan , Li Juan , Yuan Hui , Xing Gengyan , Xing Gengmei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImproving local bone mineral density (BMD) at fracture‐prone sites of bone is a clinical concern for osteoporotic fracture prevention. In this study, a featured radial extracorporeal shock wave (rESW) responsive nano‐drug delivery system (NDDS) is developed for local treatment. Based on a mechanic simulation, a sequence of hollow zoledronic acid (ZOL)‐contained nanoparticles (HZNs) with controllable shell thickness that predicts various mechanical responsive properties is constructed by controlling the deposition time of ZOL and Ca2+ on liposome templates. Attributed to the controllable shell thickness, the fragmentation of HZNs and the release of ZOL and Ca2+ can be precisely controlled with the intervention of rESW. Furthermore, the distinct effect of HZNs with different shell thicknesses on bone metabolism after fragmentation is verified. In vitro co‐culture experiments demonstrate that although HZN2 does not have the strongest osteoclasts inhibitory effect, the best pro‐osteoblasts mineralization results are achieved via maintaining osteoblast‐osteoclast (OB‐OC) communication. In vivo, the HZN2 group also shows the strongest local BMD enhancement after rESW intervention and significantly improves bone‐related parameters and mechanical properties in the ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced osteoporosis (OP) rats. These findings suggest that an adjustable and precise rESW‐responsive NDDS can effectively improve local BMD in OP therapy.
A Cascade Enzyme System Integrating Peroxidase Mimic with Catalase for Linear Range Expansion of H2O2 Assay: A Mechanism and Application Study
Authors: Hou Haiwei , Liu Lan , Li Qiuyue , Wang Jianming , Du Baoji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeroxidase (POD) Nanozyme‐based hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection is popular, but hardly adapt to high concentration of H2O2 owing to narrow linear range (LR) and low LR maximum. Here, a solution of combining POD and catalase (CAT) is raised to expand the LR of H2O2 assay via decomposing part of H2O2. As a proof of concept, a cascade enzyme system (rGRC) is constructed by integrating ruthenium nanoparticles (RuNPs), CAT and graphene together. The rGRC‐based sensor does perform an expanded LR and higher LR maximum for H2O2 detection. Meanwhile, it is confirmed that LR expansion is closely associated with apparent Km of rGRC, which is determined by the relative enzyme activity between CAT and POD both in theory and in experiment. At last, rGRC is successfully used to detect high concentration of H2O2 (up to 10 mm) in contact lens care solution, which performs higher assay accuracy (close to 100% recovery at 10 mm of H2O2) than traditional POD nanozymes. This study brings up a kind of POD/CAT cascade enzyme system and provides a new concept for accurate and facile H2O2 detection. Additionally, it replenishes a new enzyme‐substrate model of achieving the same pattern with competitive inhibition in enzyme reactions.
Linking Interfacial Bonding and Thermal Conductivity in Molecularly‐Confined Polymer‐Glass Nanocomposites with Ultra‐High Interfacial Density
Authors: Wang Yang , Collinson David W. , Kwon Heungdong , Miller Robert D. , Lionti Krystelle , Goodson Kenneth E. , Dauskardt Reinhold H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThermal transport in polymer nanocomposites becomes dependent on the interfacial thermal conductance due to the ultra‐high density of the internal interfaces when the polymer and filler domains are intimately mixed at the nanoscale. However, there is a lack of experimental measurements that can link the thermal conductance across the interfaces to the chemistry and bonding between the polymer molecules and the glass surface. Characterizing the thermal properties of amorphous composites are a particular challenge as their low intrinsic thermal conductivity leads to poor measurement sensitivity of the interfacial thermal conductance. To address this issue here, polymers are confined in porous organosilicates with high interfacial densities, stable composite structure, and varying surface chemistries. The thermal conductivities and fracture energies of the composites are measured with frequency dependent time‐domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and thin‐film fracture testing, respectively. Effective medium theory (EMT) along with finite element analysis (FEA) is then used to uniquely extract the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) from the measured thermal conductivity of the composites. Changes in TBC are then linked to the hydrogen bonding between the polymer and organosilicate as quantified by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. This platform for analysis is a new paradigm in the experimental investigation of heat flow across constituent domains.
Flattening of Lithium Plating in Carbonate Electrolytes Enabled by All‐In‐One Separator
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Kim Hyun‐seung , Park Bo Keun , Yang Jin Hyeok , Leem Han Jun , Yu Jisang , Kim Siwon , Kim So Yeun , Lee Jong‐Won , Park Min‐Sik , Kim Ki Jae 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe uncontrollable dendritic growth of metallic lithium during repeated cycling in carbonate electrolytes is a crucial obstacle hindering the practical use of Li‐metal batteries (LMBs). Among numerous approaches proposed to mitigate the intrinsic constraints of Li metal, the design of a functional separator is an attractive approach to effectively suppress the growth of Li dendrites because direct contact with both the Li metal surface and the electrolyte is maintained. Here, a newly designed all‐in‐one separator containing bifunctional CaCO3 nanoparticles (CPP separator) is proposed to achieve the flattening of Li deposits on the Li electrode. Strong interactions between the highly polar CaCO3 nanoparticles and the polar solvent reduces the ionic radius of the Li+‐solvent complex, thus increasing the Li+ transference number and leading to a reduced concentration overpotential in the electrolyte‐filled separator. Furthermore, the integration of CaCO3 nanoparticles into the separator induces the spontaneous formation of mechanically‐strong and lithiophilic CaLi2 at the Li/separator interface, which effectively decreases the nucleation overpotential toward Li plating. As a result, the Li deposits exhibit dendrite‐free planar morphologies, thus enabling excellent cycling performance in LMBs configured with a high‐Ni cathode in a carbonate electrolyte under practical operating conditions.
Graphical modeling of discontinuous stress field for RC deep beams under uniform load
Authors: Liu Zhao , Lei Haipeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fanning compression stress pattern in RC deep beams under uniform load presents a challenge to formulating the configuration of strut‐and‐tie model (STM). To this end, this paper proposes an alternative method for creating a graphical discontinuous stress field model (DSFM) to fill up the whole beam continuum. It comprises a certain number of trapezoidal stress‐bands with varying bandwidths, and their stress values can be calculated based on force equilibrium conditions. Several stress subfields are defined through a certain stress combination from several directions. The DSFM is implementable for both service limit state (SLS) and ultimate limit state (ULS) in that its configuration is primarily oriented by elastic stress field and only a limited plastic redistribution is allowed for plastic failure. The graphical procedure of DSFM is demonstrated and examined by a test deep beam example, which shows that the predictions are fairly in good agreement with the test results.
m6A‐ and immune‐related lncRNA signature confers robust predictive power for immune efficacy in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ding Zihan , Liu Yang , Huang Qinhua , Cheng Changhong , Song Lining , Zhang Chen , Cui Xiaohong , Wang Yan , Han Yi , Zhang Haijian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized immunotherapy of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), but the effective rate is less than 30% attributing to no effective and reliable method for predicting immune response. However, the clinical value of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) and immune‐related lncRNA (mirlncRNA) concerning immune efficacy remains unknown. First, we identified a packet of specific mirlncRNA. Based on this, patients with LUSC were optimally divided into mirlncRNA clusters A, B, and C. The mirlncRNA cluster A was categorized as an immune‐inflamed phenotype distinguished by infiltration of numerous immune cells such as tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte cells and highlighted by pathways such as regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation, while clusters B and C were found to correspond to immune‐desert and immune‐excluded phenotypes, respectively. Furthermore, the immune‐inflamed phenotype was shown to possess the highest immune infiltration, the lowest chromatin accessibility, survival rates, half inhibitory concentration (IC50), and the best immune efficacy. Finally, risk scores derived from the mirlncRNA signature helped identify subgroups of patients who could significantly benefit from immunotherapy. Encouragingly, in the population with poor response to the three targeted drugs, the immune response of patients with low drug sensitivity is significantly improved, indicating the vitality of combined therapy. The mirlncRNA signature not only identifies molecular typing and distinguishes chromatin accessibility, but also further highlights the immune efficacy and drug sensitivity, which might contribute to developing a new strategy for immunotherapy‐based individualized treatment.
Reviewing, Evaluating and Editing
Authors: Marušić Ana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs an early career researcher, you will probably not be extensively involved in reviewing journal articles or research proposals, or editing scientific journals. However, reviewing, evaluating and editing are important aspects of research. As an early career researcher, especially after getting a doctoral degree, you may be invited by a journal to serve as a peer reviewer, or may edit or work in a scientific peer review journal. It is important that you understand what to expect from a responsible review of your work – when you submit a manuscript to a journal or a grant proposal. In this chapter, we will look at different types of journal peer review. We will address the responsibilities of peer reviewers toward the authors and editor, including confidentiality, objectivity, and competing interests. We will focus on journal peer review, because this is something that you will certainly experience from the author’s side, and possibly as a reviewer. The principles of professional and responsible peer review also apply to other types of peer review, such as for grants of academic/research advancement.
The Bi-Directional Communication Between Tumour Cells and Other Components of the Tumour Microenvironment
Authors: Sloan Philip 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCross talk between cancer cells and their microenvironment can lead to molecular changes in adjacent tissues that can be utilised as biomarkers. One such example stems from the discovery that malignant melanomas with metastatic potential can downregulate autophagy in the overlying epidermis. Autophagy is essential for normal keratinocyte maturation. AMBRA1 is a key autophagy regulatory molecule and its expression in the epidermis is reduced in the epidermis overlying some early stage melanomas. Expression of AMBRA1 is maintained in the overlying epidermis in a subset of low risk melanomas. This finding has been translated into a novel biomarker for clinical use. Preliminary data suggest that AMBRA1 expression in neoplastic cells may be a useful biomarker for prediction of risk of progression in oropharyngeal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. It is likely that it will be necessary to combination biomarker expression with Artificial Intelligence analysis and convention staging to provide accurate individualised prognostic information for clinical use.
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Curative Setting: Pre-clinical and Clinical Data
Authors: Beyaert Simon , Honoré Natasha , Machiels Jean-Pascal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPembrolizumab and nivolumab, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), improve the overall survival of patients with inoperable recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). For curable HNSCC, the role of immunotherapy is under investigation. In this chapter, we briefly review the current use of immunotherapy with surgery or radio(chemo)therapy in the treatment of HNSCC with curative intent.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in the Management of Recurrent and/or Oligometastatic Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Nevens Daan , Szturz Petr 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDerived from intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) was introduced to clinical practice in 1991. Based on delivering precisely targeted high doses of radiation in one or several fractions, the concept of SBRT has been rapidly adopted by many institutions. This chapter aims to summarize the available literature regarding the use of SBRT in the reirradiation setting of recurrent and second primary head and neck cancer (HNC) as well as in oligometastatic HNC. Several studies have been published showing safety and efficacy of SBRT-based reirradiation in recurrent disease or a second malignancy. According to a meta-analysis of 10 papers published between 2006 and 2016, SBRT-based reirradiation seems to be a promising modality with acceptable safety and short overall treatment times in patients with inoperable recurrent or second primary HNC. However, overall survival following SBRT-based reirradiation remains moderate, which might be due to insufficient doses. There is thus a need for well-designed trials of SBRT-based reirradiation in terms of dose escalation and combination with systemic therapy. In HNC, the evidence for treatment of oligometastatic disease using SBRT is less clear when compared to other tumor types. We need to understand which patients benefit the most from local ablation, when the right moment is to intervene, how SBRT compares with surgery in operable patients and with other modalities (e.g. radiofrequency ablation), and what the impact of combination strategies is (e.g. with immune checkpoint inhibitors). All these unmet needs underline the importance of conducting dedicated studies in oligometastatic squamous HNC patients.
Precision Medicine in the Treatment of Malignancies Involving the Ventral Skull Base: Present and Future
Authors: Ferrari Marco , Taboni Stefano , Contro Giacomo , Nicolai Piero 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCancers involving the ventral skull base are rare and exceedingly heterogeneous. The variety of malignant tumors that arise in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, and adjacent mesenchymal tissues translates into a proportionally vast spectrum of prognoses, with some histologies such as olfactory neuroblastoma being associated with rare disease-specific death to other histologies such as mucosal melanoma for which survival beyond 5 years is considered a fortunate exception. Parallel to prognosis, treatment of sinonasal cancers is complex, controversial, and deeply dependent upon the putative pretreatment diagnosis. Given their heterogeneity, cancers of the ventral skull base are particularly prone to multidisciplinary management, which is indispensable. The therapeutic options available to date for these cancers include surgery, which currently remains the mainstay of treatment in most cases, along with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Biotherapy and immunotherapy are only anecdotally and compassionately used. For each histology, a careful selection of modalities and their timing is paramount to ensure the best chance of cure. In keeping with the principles of precision medicine, several nuances displayed by malignancies of the ventral skull base are being considered as treatment-driving characteristics. This current trend arose from the observation that a remarkable variability of behavior can be observed even within a single histology. Although evidence is lacking in this field and several potential customizations of treatment are still at a theoretical level, understanding of these cancers is rapidly evolving and practical applications of this increasing knowledge is the much-needed step forward in the management of such rare cancers. This chapter highlights the tumor characteristics that may serve as treatment-driving factors in the most relevant cancers invading the ventral skull base.