bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum interleukin 1 and interleukin 10 levels in Iraqi leukemic patients with hepatitis G virus infection.
Authors: Alani Muhammad M. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Objectives : This prospective study aimed to estimate interleukins 1 and 10 levels in acute hepatitis (G) in Iraqi patients with leukemiaHepatitis G virus and GB virus C (GBV-C) RNA viruses that were independently identified in 1995, and were subsequently found to be two isolates of the same virus. Blood transfusion is the main risk factor for HGV transmission Immune-mediated mechanisms are believed to play an important pathogenic role in hepatitis G virus infection. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays an important role in the inflammatory process. implying that IL-1 may play a role in viral clearance and suggesting that IL-1 has direct antiviral activity, so that IL-1 induces novel antiviral pathways within a cell. Interleukin 10 ( IL-10 )is secreted by T helper-2 type cells (Th2) which may down regulate cell-mediated immune effecter mechanisms important in the host defense against intracellular pathogens.
Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at the national center of hematology , almustansiriya University and department of microbiology in Baghdad medical college in Baghdad, Iraq from January till August 2012. The study involved 33 patients (19 males & 14 females) diagnosed with hepatitis G infection as having a positive IgM antibodies by ELISA technique .Serum IL-1 and IL-10 levels were measured in 33 patients with hepatitis G virus infection and 40 leukemia patients without HGV infections as a control group by ELISA technique .
Results: Twenty three patients (70%) with hepatitis G infection had elevated serum IL-1 alpha levels (the normal detection level is below 5 pg/ml), the patient serum IL 1 alpha range 2-37 pg/ml, with a mean 27.813 and SD 32.765 ). There was also a high significant correlation between serum IL-1 alpha level and hepatitis G infection (p value= ± 0.004) when compared with the control group by the t –test Also serum IL-10 level was below the normal detection limit (5-20 pg/ml) in 20 (60%) patients .The 33 patients had serum IL-10 levels (range 0.6 - 9 pg/ml, with a mean 2.213 & SD± 4.745 ) . There was a significant correlation between serum IL-10 level & hepatitis G infection when compared with the control group (p<0.0386 by t- test),so the viral infection may suppress the T helper 2 cells by the gamma interferon . This elevation in IL1 alpha which is an inflammatory cytokine produced by antigen presenting cells , may suggest that IL-1 is an important interleukin to eradicate hepatitis G virus infection.
Conclusions: This study showed that serum Th2 cytokines are suppressed (IL10 ) while serum inflammatory cytokine (IL 1 alpha ) is elevated in a proportion of patients with hepatitis G virus infection. However, the elevated IL 1 alpha cytokine levels may represent a systemic response and not as a result of increased local production within the liver.
The role of IFN-gamma in Humoral immune response for HCMV antigens among pregnant women
Authors: Qader Staar Mohammed , Tawfiq Sanarya Kamal 
Published: August 2023

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly host-specific virus belongs to the β-herpesvirus subfamily, which is a leading cause of congenital infections. The immune cytokines such as Interferons-gama (IFN- ) may have direct inhibitory effects on HCMV replication and control of viral infections.
Aim of the study: This research aims at determining the specificity of anti-HCMV antibodies for different HCMV antigens in relation to serum INF- levels.
Materials & Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Kirkuk governorate from April 2018 to June 2019. The number of pregnant women understudy was 400 women presented to some private medical laboratories. The pregnant women were examined for the seroprevalence of HCMV-IgM and IgG by using ECLIA technique then their specificities determined for different HCMV antigens by using line immune assay, In addition to estimation the level of serum INF- levels by using ELISA technique.
Results: The rate of HCMV-IgG , HCMV-IgM and both HCMV-IgG and IgM at the same time were 288(72 %), 32(8%) and 18(4.5%) respectively. Regarding the specificity of the determined HCMV-IgM to various HCMV antigens (IE1, CM2, p150, p65, gB1 and gB2), the highest rate of HCMV-IgG was 96.25% specific for gB1 antigen, while highest rate of HCMV-IgM were 96.87% specific gB1 and p150 antigen. Considering the specificity of these antibodies for the examined antigens in relation to serum INF- levels, the highest of pregnant women with increased INF- level had antibodies for IE1 antigen.
Conclusions: There was significant relation of the serum INF- level with specificity of anti-HCMV antibodies to divers HCMV antigens.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity assessment of new metal complexes of Schiff bases produced from benzoin
Authors: Ismail Hussein Ahmad , Abed Rana R. 
Published: August 2023

By the reaction of Benzoin with melamine and Benzoin with 5-aminosalysilc acid a new Schiff base is obtained the reaction of the legends with Mn++, Zn++, and Ag + salts leads to the complexes [M (L)2 ] X at PH=7-6, and [M (L)2 ] at PH=9-10, L= BMA, BMS M= Mn++ Zn++ and Ag +, Several chemical and physical measurements, such as melting point, molar conductivity, and magnetic properties, as well as FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy element analysis (C.H.N.), and (1 H-NMR)spectroscopy, and GC-MASS. was used to identify the produced ligands and complex structures, the complexes of Mn++, and Znand ++ give hexacoordinated complexes having the shape octane al but Ag+ gives tetracoordinate complexes. having shape tetrahedral. then they were screened for biological activity using agar plate diffusion technique against Gram(+) (Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria) and Gram(−) (Escherichia coli bacteria, Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria) When compared to streptomycin and trimethoprim drug, all these ligands and their complexes show good antimicrobial effectualness.
Typing myalgic encephalomyelitis by infection at onset: A DecodeME study
Authors: Bretherick Andrew D. , McGrath Simon J. , Devereux-Cooke Andy , Leary Sian , Northwood Emma , Redshaw Anna , Stacey Pippa , Tripp Claire , Wilson Jim , Chowdhury Sonya , Lewis Isabel , Almelid Øyvind , Baby Sumy V. , Baker Tom , Becher Hannes , Boutin Thibaud , Clyde Malgorzata , Garcia Diana , Ireland John , Kerr Shona M. , McDowall Ewan , Perry David , Samms Gemma L. , Vitart Veronique , Wolfe Jareth C. , Ponting Chris P. 
Published: August 2023

Background: People with myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) experience core symptoms of post-exertional malaise, unrefreshing sleep, and cognitive impairment. Despite numbering 0.2-0.4% of the population, no laboratory test is available for their diagnosis, no effective therapy exists for their treatment, and no scientific breakthrough regarding pathogenesis has been made. It remains unknown, despite decades of small-scale studies, whether individuals experience different types of ME/CFS separated by onset-type, sex or age. Methods: DecodeME is a large population-based study of ME/CFS that recruited 17,074 participants in the first 3 months following full launch. Detailed questionnaire responses from UK-based participants who all reported being diagnosed with ME/CFS by a health professional provided an unparalleled opportunity to investigate, using logistic regression, whether ME/CFS severity or onset type is significantly associated with sex, age, illness duration, comorbid conditions or symptoms. Results: The well-established sex-bias among ME/CFS patients is evident in the initial DecodeME cohort: 83.5% of participants were females. What was not known previously was that females tend to have more comorbidities than males. Moreover, being female, being older and being over 10 years from ME/CFS onset are significantly associated with greater severity. Five different ME/CFS onset types were examined in the self-reported data: those with ME/CFS onset (i) after glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis); (ii) after COVID-19 infection; (iii) after other infections; (iv) without an infection at onset; and, (v) where the occurrence of an infection at or preceding onset is not known. Among other findings, ME/CFS onset with unknown infection status was significantly associated with active fibromyalgia. Conclusions: DecodeME participants differ in symptoms, comorbid conditions and/or illness severity when stratified by their sex-at-birth and/or infection around the time of ME/CFS onset.
Susceptibilidad de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus presente en superficies inertes del Hospital José Félix Valdivieso
Authors: Gerardo Ortiz Jonathan , Parra Bernal Oscar Fernando , Segovia Clavijo Elizabeth Pamela 
Published: August 2023

Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) al ser una bacteria invasiva posee una alta prevalencia a causar infecciones nosocomiales, ya que, comúnmente se encuentra en fosas nasales y manos del personal de salud como de los pacientes. Debido a su naturaleza ubicua, este patógeno se encuentra mayoritariamente en ambientes hospitalarios y es considerado un vector de enfermedades infecciosas, se estima que más del 70% de bacterias que causan infecciones nosocomiales generan resistencia al menos a un fármaco de uso común. Objetivo general: Determinar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas de S. aureus presentes en superficies inertes del Hospital José Félix Valdivieso. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal, las muestras fueron constituidas por las superficies inertes de las áreas de emergencia y hospitalización tales como: barandales de camillas, interruptores, manijas de puertas, porta sueros y fichas metálicas, para la recolección de las muestras se utilizó hisopos estériles humedecidos en caldo BHI, que fueron conservados y transportados para su procesamiento en el Laboratorio de Microbiología de la Facultad de Bioquímica y Farmacia de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Resultados: Se aislaron 6 cepas de S. aureus distribuidas en las áreas de cirugía (67%) y pediatría (33%), de las cuales el 100 % presentó sensibilidad a cefoxitina y 3 fueron resistentes a penicilina, clindamicina y eritromicina, estos dos últimos mediante resistencia inducible. Conclusión: Se evidenció la presencia de S. aureus en dos áreas críticas llegando a ser un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de infecciones nosocomiales.
Impact of pre-hospital handling and initial time to cranial computed tomography on outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest—a retrospective bi-centric study
Authors: Pantel Tobias , Neulen Axel , Mader Marius Marc-Daniel , Kurz Elena , Piffko Andras , Fassl Verena , Westphal Manfred , Gempt Jens , Ringel Florian , Czorlich Patrick 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) presents occasionally with cardiac arrest (CA). The impact of pre-hospital and emergency room (ER) treatment on outcome remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the impact of pre-hospital treatment, focusing on lay cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and ER handling on the outcome of SAH patients with out-of-hospital CA (OHCA).MethodsIn this bi-centric retrospective analysis, we reviewed SAH databases for OHCA and CPR from January 2011 to June 2021. Patients were analyzed for general clinical and epidemiological parameters. CPR data were obtained from ambulance reports and information on ER handling from the medical records. Data were correlated with patient survival at hospital discharge as a predefined outcome parameter.ResultsOf 1,120 patients with SAH, 45 (4.0%) were identified with OHCA and CPR, 38 of whom provided all required information and were included in this study. Time to resuscitation was significantly shorter with lay resuscitation (5.3 ± 5.2 min vs. 0.3 ± 1.2 min, p = 0.003). Nineteen patients were not initially scheduled for cranial computed tomography (CCT), resulting in a significantly longer time interval to first CCT (mean ± SD: 154 ± 217 min vs. 40 ± 23 min; p &lt; 0.001). Overall survival to discharge was 31.6%. Pre-hospital lay CPR was not associated with higher survival (p = 0.632). However, we observed a shorter time to first CCT in surviving patients (p = 0.065)ConclusionsOHCA in SAH patients is not uncommon. Besides high-quality CPR, time to diagnosis of SAH appears to play an important role. We therefore recommend considering CCT diagnostics as part of the diagnostic algorithm in patients with OHCA.
Development of microextraction methods for the determination of sulfamethoxazole in water and biological samples: modelling, optimization and verification by central composite design
Authors: Amin Issa Sheibani , Neysari Ali Naser , Althomali Raed H. , Musad Saleh Ebraheem Abdu , Baymakov Sayfiddin , Radie Alawady Ahmed Hussien , Hashiem Alsaalamy Ali , Ramadan Montather F. , Juyal Ashima 
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to preconcentration of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water and biological samples. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME) and ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction (UA-DSPME) methods paired with spectrophotometry were applied to extraction and preconcentration of SMX. ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared as adsorbent in UA-DSPME method by hydrothermal method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique showed that the adsorbent had symmetrical, bullet-shaped particles with uniform size. The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the successful synthesis of the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Effective parameters in extraction, including ultrasonication time, disperser solvent volume, adsorbent amount, extraction solvent volume, eluent volume, and pH were investigated and optimized. The practical and optimal conditions of the process were determined by the central composite design (CCD). The optimal conditions were 0.024 g of adsorbent, 535 µL of disperser solvent volume, 7.5 min of ultrasonication time, 235 µL of eluent volume, pH of 5, and 185 µL of extraction solvent volume. Linear ranges and detection limits were 20–1,200 μg L−1 and 6 μg L−1 for UA-DSPME and 10–800 μg L−1 and 3 μg L−1 for UA-DLLME. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 4% were obtained for UA-DSPME and UA-DLLME methods. The reusability showed that the ZnFe2O4 adsorbent could extract SMX up to five cycles of adsorption/desorption without significant reduction in its efficiency. Also, interference studies showed that the presence of different cations and anions did not significantly interfere in the extraction of SMX. The outcomes of real-time samples analysis showed that the extraction of SMX for both methods was in the range of 92.44%–99.12%. The results showed the developed methods are simple, sensitive, and suitable for SMX preconcentration in environmental water and biological samples.
Case report: A rare case of pyruvate kinase deficiency and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II with a novel pathogenic variant of PKLR and UGT1A1 mutation
Authors: Wu Huan , Wu Long , Zhang Quan , Zhang Bao-fang 
Published: August 2023

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) and Crigler-Najjar syndrome are rare autosomal recessive liver diseases. PKD is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the PKLR gene, leading to non-spherocytic hereditary hemolytic anemia. On the other hand, Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CNS-II) is characterized by the loss or reduced activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, resulting in elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin, which is the primary cause of disease manifestation. To date, there have been no reported cases of patients with both conditions. In this case report, we present the unique clinical course of a 15-year-old Chinese patient with both PKD and CNS-II. The patient was admitted for evaluation of hyperbilirubinemia and exhibited yellowish skin color, icteric sclera, and splenomegaly upon physical examination. Extensive laboratory examinations ruled out viral, hemolytic, autoimmune, and inborn or acquired metabolic etiologies of liver injury. Histopathological findings indicated benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) and hemosiderosis. Surprisingly, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the patient’s blood did not reveal any mutation sites associated with BRIC. Instead, it identified a novel homozygous pathogenic variant of the PKLR gene [c.1276C&gt;T (p.Arg426Trp)] and a rare heterozygous variant of UGT1A1 gene [c.-55_-54insAT, c.1091C&gt;T (p.Pro364Leu)]. These findings strongly suggest a diagnosis of PKD and CNS-II in the patient. Treatment with 500 mg/day of ursodeoxycholic acid proved to be effective, rapidly reducing the patient’s total bilirubin levels and shortening the symptomatic period. This case highlights the importance of genetic diagnosis in accurately identifying the underlying cause of hyperbilirubinemia, especially in patients with rare hereditary diseases. Furthermore, NGS can provide valuable insights into the genotype-phenotype correlation of PKD and CNS-II.
The role of humic-type ligands in the bioavailability and stabilization of dissolved iron in the Western Tropical South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Dulaquais Gabriel , Fourrier Pierre , Guieu Cécile , Mahieu Léo , Riso Ricardo , Salaun Pascal , Tilliette Chloé , Whitby Hannah 
Published: August 2023

The high N2 fixation rate observed in the Lau Basin of the western tropical South Pacific Ocean (WTSP) is fueled by iron (Fe) released from shallow hydrothermal systems. Understanding Fe bioavailability is crucial but the controls on the stability and bioavailability of hydrothermal Fe inputs are still poorly understood. Here, we provide new data on the spatial and vertical distribution of the soluble ubiquitous humic-like ligands (LFeHS) and their associated dissolved Fe (DFe) in the WTSP, including in samples near hydrothermal vents. Our data show that LFeHS are heterogenous ligands with binding sites of both strong and intermediate strengths. These ligands are primarily produced in surface waters and partially mineralized in mesopelagic waters. A substantial fraction of DFe was complexed by LFeHS (mean ~30%). The DFe complexed by LFeHS is likely bioavailable to phytoplankton and LFeHS stabilized Fe released by the mineralization of sinking biomass. However, unsaturation of LFeHS by Fe suggest that part of DFe is not available for complexation with LFeHS. Possible reasons are competition between DFe and other metals, such as dissolved copper, or the inability of LFeHS to access colloidal DFe. The study of two volcanic sites indicates that LFeHS were not produced in these hydrothermal systems. At the active site (DFe ~50 nmol L-1), LFeHS can only partially solubilize the hydrothermal DFe released in this area (1~5.5% of the total DFe). We performed controlled laboratory experiments which show that the observed low solubilization yield result from the inability of LFeHS to solubilize aged Fe oxyhydroxides (FeOx - a kinetically mediated process) and to form stable complexes with Fe(II) species. Our study provides new understanding of the role of LFeHS on the bioavailability and stabilization of hydrothermal DFe.
The effect of intermittent versus continuous enteral feeding for critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Qu Jing , Xu Xiaoya , Xu Chaobo , Ding Xuzhong , Zhang Kai , Hu Leshuang 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe appropriate strategy for enteral feeding in critically ill patients still remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to compare the effect of intermittent versus continuous enteral feeding method for critically ill patients.MethodsElectronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched up to April 10th, 2023 for randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of intermittent versus continuous enteral feeding for critically ill patients. The primary outcomes were feeding intolerances, including diarrhea, vomiting, distension, constipation, gastric retention, and aspiration pneumonia. The secondary outcomes were mortality in intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay in ICU, and achievement of nutritional goal.ResultsThirteen studies with a total of 884 patients were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Overall, the use of intermittent enteral feeding was associated with higher incidence of diarrhea (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.13 to 2.43, I2 = 16%) and distension (OR 2.29, 95%CI 1.16 to 4.51, I2 = 0%), lower incidence of constipation (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.37 to 0.90, I2 = 0%), and longer length of ICU stay (MD 1.09, 95%CI 0.53 to 1.64, I2 = 0%). Moreover, no significant difference was identified for other outcome measures.ConclusionIn critically ill patients, the implementation of intermittent enteral feeding was associated with higher incidence of diarrhea and distension, longer length of ICU stay, but lower occurrence of constipation. Nevertheless, the absence of sufficient high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials precludes any definitive conclusions regarding the optimal approach to enteral feeding in this population. There is an imperative need for more studies to further assess the efficacy of the two enteral feeding strategies.