bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of an OFA strategy to ERAS in a 102-year-old patient undergoing colon cancer surgery: A case report
Authors: Dai Jingwei , Yang Mengya , Li Shanliang 
Published: July 2023

Rationale:
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) is an opioid-sparing technique that focuses on multimodal or balanced analgesia, relying on non-opioid adjuncts and regional anesthesia. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols, often under the auspices of a perioperative pain service, can help guide and promote opioid reduced and OFA, without negatively impacting perioperative pain management or recovery. Ultrasound-guided regional nerve block is currently a good option for OFA due to anesthesiologists’ mastery of ultrasound techniques. The safety of the OFA strategy for quadratus lumborum block (QLB) + transversus abdominis plane block (TAP) in the super-elderly patients has not been reported and remains unclear. We report a case of OFA anesthesia in a super-elderly patient with colon cancer.

Patient concerns:
A 102-year-old female was admitted to the hospital due to “abdominal pain for a week” and received conservative treatment for more than 20 days, with poor results.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with colorectal cancer associated with bronchiectasis and infection, multiple nodules in the right lower lung, and sinus arrhythmia.

Interventions:
As the patient was a super-elderly patient with multiple diseases, we used an OFA strategy with general anesthesia combined with QLB and TAP.

Outcomes:
The patient awakened quickly and completely after surgery, and extubation was successful 2 min after surgery without anesthesia complications, which is in line with the concept of ERAS.

Lessons:
The OFA strategies of ultrasound guidance quadratus lumborum block (Ul-QLB) and ultrasound guidance transversus abdominis plane block (Ul-TAP) may be safe and effective for ERAS in super-elderly patients with colorectal cancer surgery.
Sentiment Analysis of Tweets on Soda Taxes
Authors: An Ruopeng , Yang Yuyi , Batcheller Quinlan , Zhou Qianzi 
Published: July 2023

Context:
As a primary source of added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption may contribute to the obesity epidemic. A soda tax is an excise tax charged on selling SSBs to reduce consumption. Currently, 8 cities/counties in the United States have imposed soda taxes.

Objective:
This study assessed people's sentiments toward soda taxes in the United States based on social media posts on Twitter.

Design:
We designed a search algorithm to systematically identify and collect soda tax–related tweets posted on Twitter. We built deep neural network models to classify tweets by sentiments.

Setting:
Computer modeling.

Participants:
Approximately 370 000 soda tax–related tweets posted on Twitter from January 1, 2015, to April 16, 2022.

Main Outcome Measure:
Sentiment associated with a tweet.

Results:
Public attention paid to soda taxes, indicated by the number of tweets posted annually, peaked in 2016, but has declined considerably ever since. The decreasing prevalence of tweets quoting soda tax–related news without revealing sentiments coincided with the rapid increase in tweets expressing a neutral sentiment toward soda taxes. The prevalence of tweets expressing a negative sentiment rose steadily from 2015 to 2019 and then slightly leveled off, whereas that of tweets expressing a positive sentiment remained unchanged. Excluding news-quoting tweets, tweets with neutral, negative, and positive sentiments occupied roughly 56%, 29%, and 15%, respectively, during 2015-2022. The authors' total number of tweets posted, followers, and retweets predicted tweet sentiment. The finalized neural network model achieved an accuracy of 88% and an F1 score of 0.87 in predicting tweet sentiments in the test set.

Conclusions:
Despite its potential to shape public opinion and catalyze social changes, social media remains an underutilized source of information to inform government decision making. Social media sentiment analysis may inform the design, implementation, and modification of soda tax policies to gain social support while minimizing confusion and misinterpretation.
A PREDICTION MODEL FOR SEPSIS IN INFECTED PATIENTS: EARLY ASSESSMENT OF SEPSIS ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Guo Siying , Guo Zhe , Ren Qidong , Wang Xuesong , Wang Ziyi , Chai Yan , Liao Haiyan , Wang Ziwen , Zhu Huadong , Wang Zhong ,   Regarding PSCC Union
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate significant risk variables for sepsis incidence and develop a predictive model for rapid screening and diagnosis of sepsis in patients from the emergency department (ED). Methods: Sepsis-related risk variables were screened based on the PIRO (Predisposition, Insult, Response, Organ dysfunction) system. Training (n = 1,272) and external validation (n = 568) datasets were collected from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) and Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital (BTCH), respectively. Variables were collected at the time of admission. Sepsis incidences were determined within 72 h after ED admissions. A predictive model, Early Assessment of Sepsis Engagement (EASE), was developed, and an EASE-based nomogram was generated for clinical applications. The predictive ability of EASE was evaluated and compared with the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) scoring system. In addition, internal and external validations were performed. Results: A total of 48 characteristics were identified. The EASE model, which consists of alcohol consumption, lung infection, temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, serum urea nitrogen, and white blood cell count, had an excellent predictive performance. The EASE-based nomogram showed a significantly higher area under curve (AUC) value of 86.5% (95% CI, 84.2%–88.8%) compared with the AUC value of 78.2% for the NEWS scoring system. The AUC of EASE in the external validation dataset was 72.2% (95% CI, 66.6%–77.7%). Both calibration curves of EASE in training and external validation datasets were close to the ideal model and were well-calibrated. Conclusions: The EASE model can predict and screen ED-admitted patients with sepsis. It demonstrated superior diagnostic performance and clinical application promise by external validation and in-parallel comparison with the NEWS scoring system.
Evaluation of Tranexamic Acid and Calcium Chloride in Major Traumas in a Pre-hospital Setting: Narrative Review
Authors: Bell Kameron T. , Salmon Chase M. , Purdy Benjamin A. , Canfield Scott G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Excessive blood loss in the pre-hospital setting poses a significant challenge and is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. In response, emergency medical services (EMS) have increasingly adopted the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) as therapeutic interventions for hemorrhagic traumas. TXA functions by inhibiting plasmin formation and restoring hemostatic balance, while calcium plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade, facilitating the conversion of factor X to factor Xa and prothrombin to thrombin. Despite the growing utilization of TXA and CaCl2 in both pre-hospital and hospital environments, a lack of literature exists regarding the comparative effectiveness of these agents in reducing hemorrhage and improving patient outcomes. Notably, Morgan County Indiana EMS, recently integrated the administration of TXA with CaCl2 into their treatment protocols, offering a valuable opportunity to gather insight and formulate updated guidelines based on patient-centered outcomes. This narrative review aims to comprehensively evaluate the existing evidence concerning the administration of TXA and CaCl2 in the pre-hospital management of hemorrhages, while also incorporating and analyzing data derived from the co-administration of these medications within the practices of Morgan County EMS. This represents the inaugural description of the concurrent use of both TXA and CaCl2 to manage hemorrhages in the scientific literature.
New body typology method based on the combination of coupling motion of pelvis, thorax, and cranium
Authors: Niitsuma Masahiro , Imai Sho , Mimuro Takahiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of unconscious intrinsic individuality by proposing and verifying the hypothesis of “Integrated Spine Coupling” which is defined by the combination of the way of the coupling motion of 3 major units of our body: pelvis, thorax, and cranium. This paper, as the first step of the verification, examines how each of the three units — pelvis, thorax, and cranium as the representative units of cervical, thoracic, and lumber spines — produces a coupling motion during body rotational movement, and how the types of combinations are related to other movements such as breathing. The measurement results suggest that there exist only four types of coupling motion patterns and it significantly affects the way they breath and move their ankle and toe.
Cell viability is dominated by quantum effects
Authors: Yasuda Takeshi , Nakajima Nakako , Yanaka Tomoko , Gotoh Takaya , Kagawa Wataru , Sugasawa Kaoru , Tajima Katsushi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuantum tunneling is a phenomenon in which small quantum particles pass through a reaction energy barrier, as if they were passing through a tunnel opened in the barrier. In this study, we analyzed the involvement of the quantum tunneling effect in enzymatic chemical reactions involving hydrolysisin vitro, by monitoring the kinetic isotope effects due to hydrogen isotopes and their temperature dependence as indicators. The results demonstrated that the quantum tunneling effect is involved in deacetylation, DNA cleavage, and protein cleavage reactions. These related reactions were also examined in terms of their effects on cells, which revealed that the quantum effect is even involved in cell survival, including the almost complete inhibition of DNA homologous recombinational repair.One-Sentence SummaryDue to quantum effects in numerous enzymatic reactions mediated by hydrolysis, heavy water significantly impacts biological outcomes in cells.
NAPE-PLD in the ventral tegmental area regulates reward events, feeding and energy homeostasis
Authors: Castel Julien , Li Guangping , Onimus Oriane , Leishman Emma , Cani Patrice D. , Bradshaw Heather , Mackie Ken , Everard Amandine , Luquet Serge , Gangarossa Giuseppe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTheN-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) catalyzes the production ofN-acylethanolamines (NAEs), a family of endogenous bioactive lipids, which are involved in various biological processes ranging from neuronal functions to energy homeostasis and feeding behaviors. Reward-dependent behaviors depend on the dopamine (DA) transmission between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) which conveys reward-values and scales reinforced behaviors. However, whether and how NAPE-PLD may contribute to the regulation of feeding and reward-dependent behaviors has not been investigated yet. This biological question is of paramount importance since NAEs are altered in obesity and metabolic disorders.Here, we show that transcriptomic meta-analysis highlights a potential role for NAPE-PLD within the VTA→NAc circuit. Using brain-specific invalidation approaches, we report that the integrity of NAPE-PLD is required for the proper homeostasis of NAEs within the midbrain VTA and it affects food-reward behaviors. Moreover, region-specific knock-down of NAPE-PLD in the VTA resulted in enhanced food-reward seeking and reinforced behaviors which were associated with increasedin vivoDA release dynamics in response to both food and non-food-related rewards together with heightened tropism towards food consumption. Furthermore, midbrain knock-down of NAPE-PLD, which led to increased energy expenditure and adapted nutrients partitioning, elicited a relative protection against high-fat diet-mediated body fat gain and obesity-associated metabolic features.In conclusion, these findings unravel a new key role of VTA NAPE-PLD in shaping DA-dependent events, feeding behaviors and energy homeostasis, thus providing new insights on the regulation of body metabolism.Highlights- NAPE-PLD and NAEs are enriched in the VTA and regulate food-reinforced behaviors and reward processes.- NAPE-PLD scalesin vivoVTA→NAc dopamine dynamics.- NAPE-PLD in the VTA contributes to whole-body energy balance and metabolic efficiency.- Downregulation of VTA NAPE-PLD ameliorates obesity-associated metabolic features.
Differential expression of miRNAs between Young-Onset and Late-Onset Indian colorectal carcinoma patients
Authors: Moiz Sumaiya , Mondal Varsha , Bishnu Debarati , Das Biswajit , Bose Bodhisattva , Das Soumen , Banerjee Nirmalya , Dutta Amitava , Chatterjee Krishti , Goswami Srikanta , Mukhopadhyay Soma , Basu Sudarshana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarly-Onset Colorectal Carcinoma (EOCRC) is a growing concern as reports indicate a worldwide increase in the incidence of CRC among young adults (<50 years old). In an effort to understand the different mode of pathogenesis in young-onset CRC, we performed a pilot study wherein we looked at colorectal tumors from both young (< 50 years old) and old patients (>55 years old) and screened them to eliminate tumors positive for Microsatellite Instability (MSI) and showing activation of the Wnt pathway, known canonical factors in CRC pathogenesis. RNA isolated from EOCRC and Late-Onset (LOCRC) tumors and paired normal tissues without MSI, nuclear β-catenin and APC mutations were sent for small RNA seq to identify miRNA alterations between the two subsets. Comparative analysis revealed differential expression of 23 miRNAs specific to EOCRC and 11 miRNAs specific to LOCRC. We validated the top 10 EOCRC DEMs in TCGA-COAD cohorts followed by validation in additional EOCRC and LOCRC cohorts. Our integrated analysis revealed upregulation of hsa-miR-1247-3p, hsa-miR-148a-3p and hsa-miR-27a-5p and downregulation of hsa-miR-326 between the two subsets. Experimentally validated targets of the above miRNAs were compared with differentially expressed genes in the TCGA dataset to identify targets with physiological significance in EOCRC development. Our analysis revealed downregulation of epithelial gene expression and intercellular junction proteins potentially leading to dissolution of epithelial intercellular junctions in EOCRC development and EMT progression. Upregulated targets included genes whose expression have been reported to correlate with CRC tumor invasion, liver metastasis, disease recurrence and poor prognosis.
Simulation of gap junction formation reveals critical role of cysteines in connexon coupling
Authors: Héja László , Simon Ágnes , Kardos Julianna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the fundamental functions of connexin gap junctions (CxGJs), understanding of molecular mechanisms, governing intercellular CxGJ formation by coupling of connexon hemichannels (CxHCs, connexons) is still in infancy. In silico simulation of intercellular connexon coupling of two Cx43HC models, embedded in membrane bilayers (Cx43HC-HC) successfully modelled the emergence of trans-gap junctional (trans-GJ) stabilization centers (SCs). Investigating the molecular determinants shaping the HC-HC interface, we revealed that the exceptionally high number of cysteine residues located at the interface play a pivotal role in the stabilization of HC and GJ structures. Opening of the disulphide bonds between these cysteines resulted in disappearance of trans-GJ SCs in the Cx43GJ model. In contrast, the Cx43HC form was found to be consistent with open disulphide bonds. Finally, we have shown that the presence of an adjoining HC contributes to disulphide formation and consequently to the emergence of trans-GJ H-bonds.Our results suggest that several connexon channels in vertebrates may undertake intercellular connexon coupling similarly and may bring forward to the targeting of CxGJ-specific coupling.
Complete Protection from SARS-CoV-2 Lung Infection in Mice Through Combined Intranasal Delivery of PIKfyve Kinase and TMPRSS2 Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Kant Ravi , Kareinen Lauri , Ojha Ravi , Strandin Tomas , Saber Saber Hassan , Lesnikova Angelina , Kuivanen Suvi , Sirnonen Tarja , Joensuu Merja , Vapalahti Olli , Kirchhausen Tom , Kipar Anja , Balistreri Giuseppe 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTEmerging variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 can significantly reduce the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of vaccines and neutralizing antibodies due to mutations in the viral genome. Targeting cell host factors required for infection provides a complementary strategy to overcome this problem since the host genome is less susceptible to variation during the life span of infection. The enzymatic activities of the endosomal PIKfyve phosphoinositide kinase and the serine protease TMPRSS2 are essential to meditate infection in two complementary viral entry pathways. Simultaneous inhibition in cultured cells of their enzymatic activities with the small molecule inhibitors apilimod dimesylate and nafamostat mesylate synergistically prevent viral entry and infection of native SARS-CoV-2 and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-SARS-CoV-2 chimeras expressing the SARS-CoV-2 surface spike (S) protein and of variants of concern. We now report prophylactic prevention of lung infection in mice intranasally infected with SARS-CoV-2 beta by combined intranasal delivery of very low doses of apilimod dimesylate and nafamostat mesylate, in a formulation that is stable for over 3 months at room temperature. Administration of these drugs up to 6 hours post infection did not inhibit infection of the lungs but substantially reduced death of infected airway epithelial cells. The efficiency and simplicity of formulation of the drug combination suggests its suitability as prophylactic or therapeutic treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection in households, point of care facilities, and under conditions where refrigeration would not be readily available.
Genomic Characterisation of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Enteric Bacteria from healthy children in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Uwanibe Jessica N. , Olawoye Idowu B. , Happi Christian T. , Folarin Onikepe A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been established to be a significant driver for the persistence and spread of bacterial infections. It is, therefore, essential to conduct epidemiological surveillance of AMR in healthy individuals to understand the actual dynamics of AMR in Nigeria. Multi-drug resistantKlebsiella quasivariicola(n=1), Enterobacter hormaechei(n=1), andEscherichia coli(n=3) from stool samples of healthy children were subjected to whole genome sequencing using Illumina Nextseq1000/2000 and Oxford nanopore. Bioinformatics analysis reveals antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and plasmids. This pathogenic enteric bacteria harbored more than three plasmid replicons of either Col and/or Inc type associated with outbreaks and AMR resistant genepmrBresponsible for colistin resistance. Plasmid reconstruction revealed an integratedtetAgene responsible for tetracycline resistance, andcaagene responsible for toxin production in two of theE.coliisolates, and acusCgene known to induce neonatal meningitis in theK. quasivariicolaST3879. The global spread of MDR pathogenic enteric bacteria is a worrying phenomenon, and close surveillance of healthy individuals, especially children, is strongly recommended to prevent the continuous spread and achieve the elimination and eradication of these infections. Molecular epidemiological surveillance using whole genome sequencing (WGS) will improve the detection of MDR pathogens in Nigeria.
Denoising task-correlated head motion from motor-task fMRI data with multi-echo ICA
Authors: Reddy Neha A. , Zvolanek Kristina M. , Moia Stefano , Caballero-Gaudes César , Bright Molly G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMotor-task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is crucial in the study of several clinical conditions, including stroke and Parkinson’s disease. However, motor-task fMRI is complicated by task-correlated head motion, which can be magnified in clinical populations and confounds motor activation results. One method that may mitigate this issue is multi-echo independent component analysis (ME-ICA), which has been shown to separate the effects of head motion from the desired BOLD signal but has not been tested in motor-task datasets with high amounts of motion. In this study, we collected an fMRI dataset from a healthy population who performed a hand grasp task with and without task-correlated amplified head motion to simulate a motor-impaired population. We analyzed these data using three models: single-echo (SE), multi-echo optimally combined (ME-OC), and ME-ICA. We compared the models’ performance in mitigating the effects of head motion on the subject level and group level. On the subject level, ME-ICA better dissociated the effects of head motion from the BOLD signal and reduced noise. Both ME models led to increased t-statistics in brain motor regions. In scans with high levels of motion, ME-ICA additionally mitigated artifacts and increased stability of beta coefficient estimates, compared to SE. On the group level, all three models produced activation clusters in expected motor areas in scans with both low and high motion, indicating that group-level averaging may also sufficiently resolve motion artifacts that vary by subject. These findings demonstrate that ME-ICA is a useful tool for subject-level analysis of motor-task data with high levels of task-correlated head motion. The improvements afforded by ME-ICA are critical to improve reliability of subject-level activation maps for clinical populations in which group-level analysis may not be feasible or appropriate, for example in a chronic stroke cohort with varying stroke location and degree of tissue damage.
Modeling Mechanical Activation of Macrophages During Pulmonary Fibrogenesis for Targeted Anti-Fibrosis Therapy
Authors: Xu Ying , Ying Linxuan , Lang Jennifer K , Hinz Boris , Zhao Ruogang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis, as seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and COVID-induced pulmonary fibrosis, is an often-fatal lung disease. Increased numbers of immune cells such as macrophages were shown to accumulate in the fibrotic lung, but it is unclear how they contribute to the development of fibrosis. To recapitulate the macrophage mechanical activation in the fibrotic lung tissue microenvironment, we developed a fibrotic microtissue model with cocultured human macrophages and fibroblasts. We show that profibrotic macrophages seeded on topographically controlled stromal tissue constructs become mechanically activated. The resulting co-alignment of macrophages, collagen fibers and fibroblasts promote widespread fibrogenesis in micro-engineered lung tissues. Anti-fibrosis treatment using pirfenidone disrupts the polarization and mechanical activation of profibrotic macrophages, leading to fibrosis inhibition. Pirfenidone inhibits the mechanical activation of macrophages by suppressing integrin αMβ2 (CD11b/CD18) and Rho-associated kinase 2, which is a previously unknown mechanism of action of the drug. Together, these results demonstrate a potential pulmonary fibrogenesis mechanism at the tissue level contributed by mechanically activated macrophages. We propose the coculture, force-sensing microtissue model as a powerful tool to study the complex immune-stromal cell interactions and the mechanism of action of anti-fibrosis drugs.