bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte Inhibitory Factor (LIF): Production by Purified Human T and B Lymphocytes
Authors: Chess Leonard , Rocklin Ross E. , MacDermott Richard P. , David John R. , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Using column immunoabsorbent chromatography to isolate highly purified subpopulations of human lymphocytes, we have previously shown that T cells, but not B cells, are specifically triggered by antigens to proliferate in vitro (1, 2). Although B cells were not triggered to proliferate, they, like T cells, were specifically activated by soluble antigens to secrete migration inhibitory factor (MIF)3 (3). These initial studies prompted further investigations which showed that: 1) B cells produced quantitatively more MIF than did T cells, 2) B cell MIF is indistinguishable from T cell MIF by Sephadex G-100 chromatography, and 3) B cell MIF production, unlike T cell MIF production, was unaffected by BUdR and light, agents known to inhibit the proliferative response (3).
Recently, another mediator of cellular immunity, leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF), has been described (4). This material, which is distinct from MIF, inhibits the migration of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), but not human monocytes or guinea pig macrophages.
The Immune Response to a Synthetic Amino Acid Terpolymer in Man: Relationship to HL-A Type
Authors: Scher Irwin , Berning Alice K. , Strong Douglas M. , Green Ira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The immune response to the synthetic amino acid terpolymer (L-glutamic acid55 L-lysine33 L-tyrosine15)n (GLT) was studied in normal human volunteers. Delayed skin test reactivity to this antigen was seen in 34 of 61 subjects immunized with 150 µg of GLT. No antibody to GLT was detected in these responding individuals. There was a close correlation between the in vivo skin reactivity of volunteers to GLT and the ability of their lymphocytes to produce migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in response to GLT in vitro. However, a similar correlation was not seen when the in vitro proliferative response of lymphocytes to GLT, as measured by [methyl-3H] thymidine ([3H]TdR) incorporation, was assayed.
HL-A typing of volunteers was studied to determine if responsiveness to GLT was correlated to HL-A type. No statistical association was seen after correction was made for the number of individual HL-A antigens.
Characteristics of Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells Homing to Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Syngeneic Mice
Authors: McWilliams Michael , Phillips-Quagliata Julia M. , Lamm Michael E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A subpopulation of cells in murine mesenteric lymph nodes, about 15% of those synthesizing DNA at any given time, homes specifically to the gut and mesenteric nodes of syngeneic recipients within 1 day of i.v. transfer. In contrast, cells from Peyer's patches or peripheral lymph nodes do not. A large proportion of the B blasts which home to the small intestine has surface Ig, but lacks complement receptors. Thy-1-positive T blasts home to the gut to a lesser extent than B blasts. However, it is probable that equal fractions of B and T blasts home to mesenteric nodes. Homing is not affected by measures calculated to interfere with the combination of cell surface IgA and secretory component.
The Modifications of the Final Stages of the Complement Reaction by Alkali Metal Cations
Authors: Dalmasso Agustin P. , Lelchuk Rosalia , Giavedoni Elda B. , de Isola Elvira D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We studied the effects of alkali metal cations on the terminal stages of complement lysis of human and sheep HK erythocytes. Sensitized (EA) were reacted with limited amounts of complement for 1 hr at 37°C in buffer containing 147 mM NaCl (Na buffer), which resulted in 10-40% lysis. The unlysed cells were washed with Na buffer at 0-2°C and incubated for 1 hr at 37°C in buffers containing 147 mM of the various alkali metal cations. Although additional lysis (25 to 65%) occured with K, Rb, or Cs buffer, only minor degrees developed with Na or Li buffer. Intermediate levels occured with 100 mM of the divalent alkali cations. Halogen ions and SCN- (147 mM), Ca++ (0.15 mM), and Mg++ (0.5 mM) did not alter the effect of the alkali metal cations. Lysis occuring in K+, Rb+ or Cs+ proceeded without lag, was temperature dependent with an optimum of 43°C, and had a pH optimum of 6.5. Lysis in K and Na buffers was unaffected by 10-3 to 10-5 M ouabain. Experiments with mixtures of cations indicated that Na+ had a mild inhibitory effect that could be totally overcome by K+, partially by Rb+, and not at all by Cs+. Li+ had a strong inhibitory effect, 6 × 10-5 M causing 50% inhibition in buffers containing 147 mM K+, Rb+, or Cs+.
By using intermediate complexes of EA and purified complement components we demonstrated that K+ enhances the lytic action of C8 on EAC1-7 as well as that of C9 on EAC1-8. It was known that Li+ facilitates lysis when acting on the entire complement reaction. We found that Li+ enhanced the lytic action of C8 on EAC1-7, with a kinetic that differed from that of the K+ effect. In addition, Li+ inhibited the enhancing effect of K+ upon lysis of EAC1-8 by C9. This occured at concentration of Li+ similar to those which inhibited the additional lysis by K+, Rb+, Cs+ of cells that were pretreated in Na buffer with the entire complement sequence. We propose that the major effects of alkali metal cations on complement lysis are due to their interaction with C8 and/or membrane constituents.
Macrophage-Lymphocyte Interaction: Antigen-Independent Binding of Guinea Pig Lymph Node Lymphocytes by Macrophages
Authors: Lipsky Peter E. , Rosenthal Alan S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The antigen independent binding of guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes by glass-adherent macrophages was investigated. Binding was found to be mediated by a trypsing digestible, divalent cation-dependent, temperature-sensitive macrophage receptor mechanism that was not competitively inhibited by excess immunoglobulin. Data are presented to indicate that in the absence of antigen, macrophages were capable of binding both thymus-derived and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes without apparent selectivity, and further, that the binding of neither cell was mediated by surface membrane-associated immunoglobulin.
T Cell Activation and Cellular Cooperation in Autoimmune NZB/NZW F1 Hybrid Mice
Authors: Roder John C. , Bell David A. , Singhal Sharwan K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Old (6 months) overtly autoimmune female NZB × NZW F1 (B/W) mice were markedly hyporesponsive to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). The response to SRBC was restored by a) simultaneously injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with SRBC or b) transferring bone marrow and thymocytes with SRBC into lethally x-irradiated (1000 R) syngeneic old recipients. The in vitro PFC response of old B/W spleen cells to SRBC was restored by adding in culture a) theta-positive and radioresistant spleen cells from old B/W mice primed with homologous antigen or b) activated T cells from the spleens of lethally x-irradiated (1000 R) old B/W mice injected with old syngeneic thymocytes and SRBC but not horse erythrocytes. Various populations of unprimed lymphoid cells from young (4 to 6 weeks) female B/W mice, which respond normally to SRBC, were not capable of restoring the response of old syngeneic mice in vitro or in vivo. These results suggest the existence of a suppressor of T cell activation and/or B and T cell interaction in old autoimmune B/W mice.
Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Vitro of Human Lymphocytes against a Tissue Culture Melanoma Cell Line (IGR3)
Authors: Peter Hans H. , Pavie-Fischer Jeannine , Fridman Wolf H. , Aubert Christian , Cesarini Jean-Pierre , Roubin Régine , Kourilsky François M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purified peripheral blood lymphocytes from 13 healthy donors, 6 melanoma patients and 1 halo nevus patient were tested for cytotoxic activity against an allogeneic melanoma cell line (IGR3) in, at least, one of the following assays: cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and microcytotoxicity assays (MA). The lymphocytes were isolated by Ficoll-Triosil gradient centrifugation (fraction F) followed by removal of iron-phagocytosing and adherent cells (fraction FFF) and by subsequent passage through anti-IgG columns (fraction FFF-C). Leukocytes of each fraction were identified by different methods including morphology, rosetteformation, phagocytic activity, and membrane fluorescence.
CMC activity paralled ADCC activity at a log lower level of sensitivity. In both assays lymphocytes of fractions F and FFF had the highest activity, whereas in fraction FFF-C cytotoxicity was strongly reduced. In all three lymphocyte fractions CMC and ADCC activity could be blocked by preincubation of the effector cells in aggregated IgG. Furthermore, depletion of E rosette-forming lymphocytes slightly increased ADCC and CMC activity, whereas depletion of EA and EAC rosette-forming lymphocytes strongly decreased it. Our results therefore indicate that in both CMC and ADCC assays, non-adherent, non-phagocytic Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes (“K” cells) were the active cytotoxic cells. In MA, on the other hand, mononuclear phagocytes seemed to be the most active cell population. So far no significant difference was observed in CMC, ADCC, and MA between control persons and melanoma patients.
The Antigens and Autoantigens of the Seminal Vesicle
Authors: Shulman Sidney , Orsini Frank R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit vesicular fluid (RVF) was shown to contain only one major electrophoretic component. This component, isolated by starch block electrophoresis, was found to have a molecular weight, by determination of sedimentation and diffusion coefficients, of approximately 17,300. This major component was also effective in isoimmunization. Another component, possibly a minor one, had similar antigenic properties. The major component, and the “minor” one also, were found to be highly tissue-specific (that is, accessory glands-specific) and also species-specific. Isoimmunization procedures have led to the production of autoantibodies. No delayed hypersensitivity response or lesions of the accessory glands of reproduction resulted. It was concluded that the major reason no lesions were found was that the rabbit was not able to develop a delayed hypersensitivity type of response to the components of RVF.
When rabbit vesicular fluid was ejaculated as part of the seminal plasma, its molecules were still able to induce an autoantibody response by isoimmunization techniques. This was the same as the response induced by rabbit vesicular fluid, itself.
Immunochemical Analysis of a Smith-Like Antigen Isolated from Two Human Strains of Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Karakawa Walter W. , Kane Judith A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A surface antigen consisting of aminoglucuronic acid and N-acetyl-L-alanine was isolated from the culture filtrates of two human strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Double diffusion analysis in agar suggested that the antigen is immunologically similar to the alanyl-aminoglucuronic acid capsule of the Smith strain of S. aureus. Quantitative precipitain inhibition studies indicated that N-acetyl-L-alanine is the immunodominant determinant of the acidic antigen. In addition, conjugates consisting of N-acetyl-L-alanine coupled to bovine serum albumin gave a significant precipitin reaction with anti-staphylococcal serum which is rich in alanyl-aminoglucuronic acid polymer antibodies. Antibodies with N-acetyl-L-alanine specificity were isolated from N-acetyl-L-alanine-Sepharose immunoabsorbent columns. Double diffusion analysis in agar indicated that the eluted antibodies were serologically reactive and belonged to the IgG class of immunoglobulins.
Analysis of Specificity of Poliovirus Inhibitors with Inhibitor-Resistant Mutants of a Strain of Type 1 Poliovirus
Authors: Hashimoto Nobuo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Attempts were made to analyze the specificity of inhibitory activities of normal bovine and equine sera to the Mahoney strain of type 1 poliovirus. A total of five inhibitory factors were postulated to explain the complicated results. Two of the three bovine inhibitors were identical in specificity to certain equine inhibitors despite differences in their mode of virus inactivation and their molecular size. In addition to this, inhibitors that could inactivate certain resistant mutants, but not the parent virus, were newly detected in a number of normal bovine and equine sera.
Antigenic variation of the resistant mutants against equine sera containing an inhibitory factor h-11 was determined by means of the kinetic neutralization test by using both anti-Mahoney and anti-M-H11 sera. These results offer evidence that some inhibitors, at least in part, are indistinguishable from specific antibody.
Cellular Distribution of Rabbit IgA Allotypes
Authors: Hanly W. Carey , Knight Katherine L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Intestinal tissue from rabbits heterozygous at one or both of the α-chain subclass loci, i.e., f or g, was examined with mixtures of rhodamine-labeled and fluorescein-labeled antibodies each directed against one of the allelic products of the f or g locus. Individual plasma cells were stained by only one fluorescent reagent and thus exhibited both allelic exclusion and subclass exclusion. In contrast, the epithelial cells of the Lieberkühn's glands did not exhibit allelic exclusion. Studies with rabbits heterozygous at the f and g loci revealed that the ratio of the number of cells expressing maternal-type f cells to paternal-type f is equal to the ratio of the number of maternal-type g cells to paternal-type g cells. These data are used to suggest that the expression of each of the genes in the heavy chain chromosomal region of a particular allogroup is under the same control.
3H-Uridine Incorporation by Small Lymphocytes of Tolerant Rats: Relationship to T and B Lymphocytes
Authors: Bottomly H. Kim , Perkins William D. , Schwarz M. Roy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Tissue tolerance was induced in neonatal rats by the intravenous injection of bone marrow cells from adult allogeneic rat donors. After 6 to 8 weeks, lymphoid cells from rats in which tolerance had been induced were tested for mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR), 3H-uridine uptake, and the relationship of uridine incorporation to B and T lymphocytes.
Lymph node (LN) and spleen (SPL) cells from the adult inoculated rats showed no reactivity in the MLR or normal lymphocyte transfer reaction (NLTRx), indicating that the animals were tolerant. After in vitro exposure to 3H-uridine, an abundance of small lymphocytes (SL) from these same tolerant rats were heavily labeled, in contrast to nontolerant controls, where relatively few SL were heavily labeled.
In order to determine whether the heavily uridine-labeled cells were T cells or B cells, lymphoid cells from the LN and SPL of tolerant animals were exposed to either rabbit anti-AKR brain serum or rabbit anti-rat Ig conjugated with ferritin. The results showed that the heavily uridine-labeled SL of the tolerant rats were mainly Ig-positive cells.
B Lymphocyte Differentiation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Kearney John F. , Lawton Alexander R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cultured cells from mouse thoracic duct, spleen, lymph node, Peyer's patches, and bone marrow gave rise to cells containing large amounts of cytoplasmic IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 when stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Differentiation of IgA producers occurred in bone marrow only, and to a lesser extent than other classes. Significant IgM responses preceded development of cells containing other classes. The differentiation of IgG and IgA producers did not appear to depend on T cells, since cultures from nu/nu or thymectomized-irradiated, bone marrow-protected mice responded as well as normals. Cultures from mice rendered deficient in B cells by anti-µ treatment responded normally to T cell mitogens, but did not proliferate or give rise to immunoglobulin-secreting cells when stimulated with LPS. Bone marrow cultures gave relatively meager proliferative responses to LPS, but generated as many or more immunoglobulin-secreting cells as did other tissues.
Lymphocyte Plasma Membranes
Authors: Zimmerman Barry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anti-lymphocyte sera against human thymus [ALS-(THY)] were absorbed serially with cultured human lymphoblasts (CHL) or thymus and residual antigen-binding activity was tested. The absorbed ALS were used to bind 125I-labeled antigens from lymphocytes labeled by the lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination technique. Absorption of ALS(THY) with CHL led to the absorbed serum having less than 5 to 10% of its original antigen-binding activity against labeled CHL antigens while maintaining from 20 to 40% of its original activity against labeled THY. Serial absorption of ALS(THY) with THY led to an equal decrease in activity against both THY and CHI. When the immunoprecipitates from these experiments were examined on polyacrylamide gels containing SDS it was found that serial absorption of ALS(THY) with THY first removed activity against a component of m.w. ∼ 48,000 leaving relatively greater activity against material of apparent high molecular weight. In contrast, absorption of ALS(THY) with CHL removed the antibodies against the high molecular weight material while leaving activity against the component of m.w. 48,000. When these absorbed ALS were used to induce in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, it was found that ALS(THY) absorbed with human THY lost its mitogenicity whereas ALS(THY) absorbed with CHL, did not. The retention or loss of mitogenicity seemed to correlate with retention or loss of binding activity against the component(s) of m.w. ∼ 48,000.
Immunologic Effects of Neonatal Infection with Mouse Thymic Virus
Authors: Cohen Philip L. , Cross Sue S. , Mosier Donald E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mouse thymic virus is a herpesvirus that causes extensive thymic necrosis when given to newborn mice. During the time of acute infection spleen cells have markedly diminished reactivity to T cell phytomitogens and to allogeneic cells and are incapable of effecting a primary in vitro response to a “T-dependent” antigen; responses to B cell mitogens and to a T-independent antigen are unimpaired. Spleens from acutely infected mice have low ϑ antigen content and depletion of T-dependent areas, but have normal numbers of immunoglobulin-bearing cells. Surprisingly, despite widespread necrosis and cellular depletion, thymic cell reactivity to mitogens is unimpaired. However, the ability of thymocytes to proliferate and to generate cytotoxic killer cells in response to allogeneic cells is diminished.
The Circulating Life Span, Immunocompetence and 3H-Uridine Uptake of Small Lymphocytes from Thymus-Grafted, Neonatally Thymectomized Rats
Authors: Willis Judith I. , Schwarz M. Roy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
By 7 weeks post-grafting, the number of small lymphocytes in the thoracic duct lymph (TDL) and blood of the thymus-grafted neonatally thymectomized adult rats had increased to 60% of the number of cells in sham controls, or 2-1/2 times thymectomized control values. This increase consisted almost exclusively of long-lived, recirculating small lymphocytes and corresponded to a 60% recovery of cellular immunocompetence as measured by the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Associated with the return of cellular immunocompetence was an increased incorporation of 3H-uridine by the small lymphocytes. Cells from thymectomized animals grafted with lymph node fragments demonstrated no significant increase in lymphocyte numbers nor was there a return of immunocompetence as compared to thymectomized controls.
Studies on the Human T Lymphocyte Population
Authors: Owen Frances L. , Fanger Michael W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The IgG fraction of a goat antibody specific for human T lymphocytes (ATG) and that of a rabbit antibody directed toward the purified T lymphocyte receptor for SRBC (anti-Ts) were used to study the synthesis, display, and release of the receptor for SRBC (Ts) by normal human peripheral lymphocytes. A large percentage of lymphoblasts obtained by stimulation of lymphocytes with PHA or PWM formed multilayered rosettes with SRBC. The vast majority of these rosetting lymphoblasts were T lymphocyte derived, whereas few B lymphoblasts formed rosettes. Significant increases were found in the quantity of Ts on the lymphoblast membrane and in the supernatants from PHA-stimulated cultures, especially late in transformation. Furthermore, lymphocytes cultured with PHA and 3H-leucine synthesized and released radiolabeled Ts.
Determinants of Differential Migration of Mouse Spleen Cells Treated with Concanavalin A
Authors: Rodríguez Beverly A. , Rich Robert R. , Rossen Roger D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of Con A on homing patterns of mouse spleen cells were investigated. After 1 to 18 hr incubation with or without the mitogen, cells were labeled with 51Cr and injected i.v. into syngeneic hosts. Treatment of spleen cells with Con A decreased localization in lymph nodes 75 to 95% and inhibited homing to recipient spleens 17 to 50%. Conversely, localization in liver and lungs was increased. Migration of cells labeled with both 125I-Con A and 51Cr revealed that cells binding the largest amount of Con A were trapped in lungs whereas cells migrating to lymph nodes and spleen had a much lower Con A content. Elution of Con A from lymphocyte surfaces with methyl-α-D-mannoside (MAM) reduced the percentage of cells localizing in lungs, with a concomitant increase in the percentage of cells migrating to lymph nodes. However, even after MAM treatment, a cell population with a relatively large Con A content localized in the lungs. These data indicate that both surface-bound Con A and Con A-induced changes in lymphocyte membranes inhibit migration of Con A-activated cells to recipient lymph nodes. They suggest that after Con A treatment lymph node-seeking cells do not migrate normally because of preferential sequestration in lungs of lymphocytes with either Con A-binding sites of increased density or avidity or with an increased propensity for Con A internalization.
Modulation of the Immune Response by Antigen-Reactive Lymphocytes after Cultivation with Gangliosides
Authors: Miller Harold C. , Esselman Walter J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
GM1 ganglioside isolated from mouse brain was found to be capable of inhibiting the thymocytotoxicity of AKR anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum and to a lesser extent anti-BAϑ antiserum. GD1b ganglioside of mouse brain and thymocytes inhibited the thymocytotoxicity of rabbit anti-BAϑ antiserum for mouse thymocytes. When GM1 ganglioside, in the form of cholesterol-lecithin liposomes, was incubated with spleen cell cultures in the presence of SRBC, depressed anti-SRBC hemolytic plaque responses were observed. This effect could be neutralized by first absorbing the GM1 liposomes with anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies. The kinetics of GM1 suppression of spleen cell cultures reveal reduced PFC numbers when the ganglioside was added even as late as the 4th day of culture. Results of experiments in which GM1 ganglioside was incubated with either bone marrow cells or with thymocytes suggest that the target cell for GM1 liposomes is the B lymphocyte.