bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Ferroptosis by Transcription Factor E2F1 and RB
Authors: Kuganesan Nishanth , Dlamini Samkeliso , Tillekeratne Viranga LM , Taylor William R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Tumor suppressor RB binds to E2F family proteins and modulates cell cycle progression. Cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) regulate the interaction of RB/E2F by phosphorylating RB. Previously, we have revealed that CDK2, RB and E2F inhibit ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by toxic lipid peroxidation. Here we provide evidence that CDK2 suppresses ferroptosis through phosphorylation of RB. We approach this question by overexpressing WT-RB or a mutant RB that cannot be phosphorylated by CDKs (RBΔCDK) along with CDK2/cyclinE followed by analysis of ferroptosis. We also observed that E2F1 regulates of both pro and anti-ferroptotic proteins including ALOX5, MYC SLC7A11, ATF4, and GPX4 and finally renders a net inhibitory role in ferroptosis. Interestingly, we also found a cell type dependent compensatory effect of E2F3 upon E2F1 depletion. This compensatory effect resulted in no change of ferroptotic target genes after E2F1 knock down in an osteosarcoma cell line. Taken together, our study reveals that cancer cells protect themselves from ferroptosis through cell cycle regulatory proteins.
Source apportionment of PM 10 in Biga, Canakkale, Turkiye using Positive Matrix Factorization
Authors: Tezel-Oguz Melike Nese , Cakmak Ece Gizem , Sari Deniz , Ozkurt Nesimi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a type of air pollution that poses a risk to human health, the environment, and property. PM10 is particularly significant as the vector of numerous dangerous trace elements due to the possible influence on human health and the ecosystem. Because of these effects, identifying potential sources and quantifying their impact on ambient PM10 concentration is essential for creating efficient control strategies to reach the threshold values. Based on the chemical species information derived from PM samples, receptor modeling has been extensively used for source appointment. In this study, PM10 samples were collected for three different periods (April, May, and June 2021), each lasting 15 days, using semi-automatic dust sampler systems at two sites selected in Biga, Canakkale, Turkiye. The relative contributions of different source types were quantified using EPA PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) based on the 36 elements as components of PM10. As a result of the analysis, five source types were identified, which include: crustal elements/limestone/calcite quarry (64.9%), coal-fired power plant (11.2%), metal industry (9%), sea salt and ship emissions (8.5%), road traffic emissions and road dust (6.3%). The distribution of source contributions and the conditional probability function analysis matched the known sources' locations.
The lived experience of breast cancer patients on adjuvant endocrine therapy: Side effects and coping strategies during the first year of medication initiation
Authors: Gomaa Sameh , Lopez AnaMaria , Slamon Rachel , Smith Rita , Telushi Elma , Lapitan Emmanuel , Nightingale Ginah , Miller Suzanne , Wen Kuang-Yi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer in women is the most commonly diagnosed cancer. Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) showed consistent improvements in recurrence and survival rates. Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy remains essential for improving overall survival in women with hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer. However, early discontinuation of medicine is reported to range from 20% to 50%. Poor adherence has been attributed to multiple factors including presence of adverse events. We aim to report the lived experience of breast cancer survivors specifically as regards to side effects, the most reported reason for lack of adherence.
Methods
35 breast cancer survivors on AET were interviewed. Qualitative iterative analysis was conducted using the grounded theory approach with the goal of identifying themes that emerge from the interviews and refining the question probes as needed. A codebook was developed and supplemented with interpretive codes generated through ongoing analysis of transcripts. All transcripts were coded using NVIVO qualitative data analysis software for data interpretations.
Results
Reported side effects associated with AET medications include hot flashes, sexual side-effects, joint pain, stiffness, cognitive function, mood changes, bone mass density decrease and fertility concerns. Women who were on AET more than 6 months reported more side effect concerns. A variety of coping strategies using over the counter medications or alternative medicines and approaches were also discussed.
Conclusion
Tailored and timely information on potential AET-induced side effects and strategies to manage them is needed. In particular, some side effects are more prevalent by medication (e.g., joint pain in those who were taking an aromatases inhibitor). Provision of information to prepare women for the potential side effects of type of AET they are prescribed for would be helpful.
Implications for Cancer Survivors
As AET has been suggested for 10 years to improve surveillance and reduce recurrence, our results have implications for cancer survivors, especially the onsets of side effects and potential ways to manage them as they arise.
The IPCC and the challenge of ex post policy evaluation}
Authors: Tol Richard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The IPCC started at a time when climate policy was an aspiration for the future. The research assessed in the early IPCC reports was necessarily about potential climate policies, always stylized and often optimized. The IPCC has continued on this path, even though there is now a considerable literature studying actual climate policy, in all its infuriating detail, warts and all. Four case studies suggest that the IPCC, in its current form, will not be able to successfully switch from ex ante to ex post policy evaluation. This transition is key as AR7 will most likely have to confront the failure to meet the 1.5K target. The four cases are as follows. (1) The scenarios first build and later endorsed by the IPCC all project a peaceful future with steady if not rapid economic growth everywhere, more closely resembling political manifestos than facts on the ground. (2) Successive IPCC reports have studiously avoided discussing the voluminous literature suggesting that political targets for greenhouse gas emission reduction are far from optimal, although a central part of that work was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2018. (3) IPCC AR5 found it impossible to acknowledge that the international climate policy negotiations from COP1 (Berlin) to COP19 (Warsaw) were bound to fail, just months before the radical overhaul at COP20 (Lima) proved that point. (4) IPCC AR6 by and large omitted the nascent literature on ex post climate policy evaluation. Together, these cases suggest that the IPCC finds self-criticism difficult and is too close to policy makers to criticize past and current policy mistakes. One solution would be to move control over the IPCC to the national authorities on research and higher education.
JEL codes: D04, H43, H87, Q54
γ-2 and GSG1L bind with comparable affinities to the tetrameric GluA1 core
Authors: Yu Chenlu , Runge Hendrik , Mukhopadhyay Antara , Zolles Gerd , Ulbrich Maximilian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptor mediates fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. A variety of auxiliary subunits regulate its gating properties, assembly, and trafficking, but it is unknown if the binding of these auxiliary subunits to the receptor core is dynamically regulated. Here we investigate the interplay of the two auxiliary subunits γ-2 and GSG1L when binding to the AMPA receptor composed of four GluA1 subunits. We use a three-color singlemolecule imaging approach in living cells which allows the direct observation of the receptors and both auxiliary subunits. Depending on the relative expression levels of γ-2 and GSG1L, the occupancy of binding sites shifts from one auxiliary subunit to the other, supporting the idea that they compete for binding to the receptor. Based on a model where each of the four binding sites at the receptor core can be either occupied by γ-2 or GSG1L, our experiments yield apparent dissociation constants for γ-2 and GSG1L in the range of 2.0–2.5/µm2. The result that both binding affinities are in the same range is a prerequisite for dynamic changes of receptor composition under native conditions.
In-situ construction of grass-like hybrid architecture responsible for extraordinary corrosion performance: experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Suhartono Tri , Hazmatulhaq Farah , Sheng Yujun , Chaouiki Abdelkarim , Kamil Muhammad Prisla , Ko Young Gun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Despite the engineering potential by the co-existence of inorganic and organic substances to protect vulnerable metallic materials from corrosive environments, both their interaction and in-situ formation mechanism to induce the nature-inspired composite remained less understood. The present work used three distinctive mercapto-benzazole (MB) compounds working as corrosion inhibitors, such as 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) in a bid to understand how the geometrical structure arising from O, S, and N atoms affected the interaction toward inorganic layer. MB compounds that were used here to control the corrosion kinetics would be interacted readily with the pre-existing MgO layer fabricated by plasma electrolysis. This phenomenon triggered the nucleation of the root network since MB compounds were seen to be adsorbed actively on the defective surface through the active sites in MB compound. Then, the molecule with twin donor atoms adjacent to the mercapto-sites affected the facile growth of the grass-like structure with ‘uniform’ distribution via molecular self-assembly, which showed better corrosion performance than those with having dissimilar donor atoms with the inhibition efficiency (η) of 97% approximately. The formation mechanism underlying nucleation and growth behavior of MB molecule was discussed concerning the theoretical calculation of density functional theory.
Microbiota profiling on veterinary faculty restroom surfaces and source tracking
Authors: Hiba Jabri , Simone Krings , Fall Papa Abdoulaye , Denis Baurain , Daube Georges , Taminiau Bernard 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Scientists still wonder if animal-derived microbes are prevalent in the environments of people who handle animals, especially when these microbes are suspected of being involved in human disease. The aim of this study was to test a local source tracking database by choosing an environment frequently used by veterinary students and veterinarians and by identifying resident microbiota composition and their sources of contamination (animals, environment, human beings…). The 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was used to determine the bacterial taxonomic profiles of restroom surfaces. Bacterial sources were identified by linking our metadata-enriched local database to the microbiota profiling analysis using high-quality sequences. Microbiota profiling shows the dominance of four phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. If the restroom cleaning process did not appear to impact microbiota composition, significant differences regarding bacterial distribution were observed between men and women users in different sampling campaigns. Combining 16S rDNA profiling to our specific sources labeling pipeline we found aquatic and human origins sources were the primary environment keywords in our campaigns. The probable presence of known animal sources (bovids, insects, equids, suids…) associated with bacterial genera such as Chryseobacterium, Bergeyella, Fibrobacter, and Syntrophococcus was also involved in restroom surfaces, emphasizing the proximity between these restrooms and the exchange of bacteria between people involved in animals handling. To summarize, we have demonstrated that DNA sequence-based source tracking may be integrated with high-throughput bacterial community analysis to enrich microbial investigation of potential bacterial contamination sources especially for little known or poorly identified taxa. However, more research is needed to determine the tool's utility in other applications.
Analysis of Heat Transfer in a Solar Pv Module Using Finite Elements Analysis
Authors: Kumar Venktesh , Prakash Pawan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Solar cells' photovoltaic (PV) efficiency declines as their operating temperature increases. The PV module may experience thermal stresses as a result of inefficient heating. It is crucial to understand the ideal temperature range for solar cells to operate. This article describes how to do a finite element thermal analysis to determine how the temperature is distributed among the various PV module layers. The components of this technology comprise bus bars, solar cells, ethylvinylacetate (EVA), glass on top, and tedlar on the back. We also designed the structural strength for the PV module to provide a more comprehensive perspective. The reflectivity, transmission, and adsorption capacities of the layers can be used to compute the real heat loss in solar-exposed areas. Convectional and radiative heat loss are also taken into account in this simulation. There is a clear temperature differential across strata, with the coolest areas concentrated at the margins, as may be seen in temperature contour plots. The cells nearest to the frame experience a temperature difference of about 5 °C, but the middle cells of the module are fairly cool. When compared to the temperatures of its various layers, the thickness of the PV module does not vary by more than 1 °C. The potential impact of operation on the coefficient of convection heat loss at the surface of the module is also calculated. This study illustrates how the coefficient of convection heat loss at the module surfaces affects solar cell temperature and system efficiency.
Telomere length, Metabolic Traits, and Myocardial Infarction: A Mediation Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Zhang Yuxin , Li Jinbei , Chai Zhiyong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The associations between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and common metabolic traits for myocardial infarction (MI) are unclear. We aimed to evaluate the causal effect of LTL on MI and the mediating role of metabolic traits in the pathway from LTL to MI. Summary statistics for LTL, twelve metabolic traits and MI were obtained from large consortia of genome-wide association studies. A two-sample two-step MR was used to determine 1) the causal effect of LTL on MI and twelve metabolic traits; 2) causal effects of metabolic traits on MI after adjusting for LTL; and 3) mediation effects of these metabolic traits. We observed genetically predicted longer LTL was strongly associated with lower risk of MI (OR[95% CI]:0.832[0.750,0.924]; P<0.001), lower FI (β[95% CI]:-0.041[-0.062,-0.020]; P<0.001), higher SBP (1.558[0.778,2.338]; P<0.001), and higher DBP (0.785[0.223,1.347]; P<0.001)but not associated with other metabolic traits. SBP, DBP and FI were positively associated with MI after adjusting for LTL. Mediation analysis showed evidence of positively indirect effect of LTL on MI through SBP and DBP, while an inversely indirect effect through FI. The direct effect of LTL on MI (OR[95% CI]:0.778[0.666,0.909]; P=0.002) was observed after adjusting for SBP, DBP and FI. Our study identified the independent causal role of LTL on MI and the mediating effects of SBP, DBP and FI in the causal pathway from LTL to MI.
Submacular Hemorrhages Show no Significant Seasonal Variations in a European Cohort
Authors: Storp Jens Julian , Diener Raphael , Eter Nicole , Bormann Eike , Treder Maximilian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate seasonal variations in the onset of acute submacular hemorrhages (SMHs) in a European population and analyze the influence of the seasons, arterial hypertension and intake of anticoagulatory/antiplatelet (AC/AP) medication on hemorrhage size.
Methods: This retrospective, monocentric study included 164 eyes of 164 patients treated for acute SMH at the University Hospital Münster, Germany, between 01/01/2016 and 12/31/2021. Data on the day of occurrence, hemorrhage size and general patient characteristics were recorded. “Test for cyclic trends in incidence data” was applied to investigate seasonal variations in SMH incidence. Fisher’s exact test was used to investigate the influence of the seasons, arterial hypertension and intake of AC/AP medication on hemorrhage size.
Results: Statistical analysis did not reveal significant seasonal variations in the occurrence of SMHs (p = 0.81). While the seasons and the presence of systemic arterial hypertension did not exert a significant influence, intake of AC/AP medication significantly affected the size of SMH (p = 0.03).
Conclusion: In this European cohort no significant seasonal variations of SMHs were observed. However, in patients with risk factors, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), the chance of an increase in hemorrhage size should be considered when initiating AC/AP therapy.
Astragalus compound oral solution synergistically enhances health-promoting effect of metformin in type 2 diabetes mouse model
Authors: Zhou Zekun , Lu Yao , Li Jifu , An Yuchen , Jiang Wei , Wang Zengli 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In some cases Metformin (MF) produces intestinal discomfort and increased risk of dysbiosis. We developed a novel astragalus compound oral solution (termed "OS") and investigated effects of treatments with OS alone or in combination with metformin (MF) in a type 2 diabetes (T2D) mouse model. OS can treat T2D in mice. OS, in comparison with MF (OS + MF), was more effective in improving HDL, ALT, hepatic glycogen, and GSH-px levels, and in protecting several organs simultaneously. Gut microbiota composition and diversity were significantly better for OS and OS + MF than for MF. Helicobacter, Oscillospira, Mucispirillum, Dehalobacterium, Anaerotruncus, Subdoligranulum, Akkermansia, Allobaculum, and Ochrobactrum were significantly correlated with FBG, liver function indicators, and islet cell areas. Our findings suggest that OS applied in combination with MF promoted health in the T2D mouse model through effects on 192 related targets to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, protect organs, and improve gut microbiota composition
Use of Remdesivir in children with COVID-19: report of an Italian multicenter study
Authors: Romani L. , Roversi M. , Bernardi S. , Venturini E. , Garazzino S. , Donà D. , Krzysztofiak A. , Montagnani C. , Funiciello E. , Carducci Francesca Ippolita Calò , Marabotto C. , Castagnola E. , Salvini F. , Lancella L. , Galli L. , Gattinara G. Castelli , Sitip collaboration study 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction
COVID-19 is generally milder in children than in adults, however severe infection has been described in some patients. Few data are available on use of Remdesivir (RDV) in children, as most clinical trials focused on adult patients. We report a multicenter study to investigate the safety of RDV in children affected by COVID-19.
Methods
We collected the clinical data of children with COVID-19 treated with RDV between March 2020 and February 2022 in 10 Italian hospitals. Clinical data were compared according to the duration of RDV therapy. Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine the association of significant variables from the bivariate analysis to the duration of RDV therapy.
Results
A total of 50 patients were included, with a median age of 12.8 years. Many patients had at least one comorbidity (78%), mostly obesity. Symptoms were fever (88%), cough (74%) and dyspnea (68%). Most patients were diagnosed with pneumonia of either viral and/or bacterial etiology. Blood test showed leukopenia in 66% and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in 63% of cases. Thirty-six patients received RDV for 5 days, nine patients up to 10 days. Most children who received RDV longer were admitted to the PICU (67%). Treatment with RDV was well tolerated with rare side effects (Table 1): bradycardia was recorded in 6% of cases, solved in less than 24 hours after discontinuation. A mild elevation of transaminases was observed in 26% of cases, however for the 8%, it was still detected before the RDV administration. Therefore, in these cases, we could not establish if it was caused by COVID-19, RDV o both. Patients who received RDV for more than 5 days waited longer for its administration after pneumonia diagnosis. The presence of comorbidities and the duration of O2 administration significantly correlated with the duration of RDV therapy at the linear regression analysis.
Conclusion
Our experience indicates that RDV against SARS-CoV-2 is safe and well-tolerated in pediatric populations at high risk of developing severe COVID-19. Our data suggest that delaying RDV therapy after diagnosis of pneumonia may be associated with a longer duration of antiviral therapy, especially in patients with comorbidities.
Admixture-introduced complex landscape of genetic diversity contributed to the extensive Southwestern Chinese ethnolinguistic diversity
Authors: He Guanglin , Sun Qiuxia , Liu Yan , Yang Junbao , Chen Pengyu , Liu Chao , Wang Mengge , Sun Hongyu , Duan Shuhan , Tang Renkuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Fine-scale genetic background characterization of ethnolinguistically diverse populations can gain new insights into the population admixture processes, which is essential for evolutionary and medical genomic research. However, the genetic diversity and population history of southern Chinese indigenous people and their interaction with historic incomers keep unknown. Here, we genotyped 700K genome-wide SNPs from four Guizhou populations belonging to Tai-Kadai (TK), Hmong-Mien (HM), and Tibeto-Burman language families and merged them with publicly available data from 218 modern and ancient East Asian groups to perform one comprehensive demographical and evolutionary history reconstruction. We found that Guizhou populations harbored a strong genetic substructure correlated with language categories. We comprehensively characterized the genetic signatures of geographically diverse HM people and identified the unique HM genetic lineage in Southwest China and Southeast Asia as their shared ancestry component in the demographical history reconstruction. Our identified admixture signatures and times further supported the hypothesis that the HM people originated from Yungui Plateau and then southward migration during the historical period. Admixture models focused on Sino-Tibetan and TK people supported their intense interaction and harbored the most extensive gene flows consistent with their shared linguistic and cultural characteristics and lifestyles. Estimates of identity-by-descent sharing and effective population size showed the extensive population stratification and gene flow events in different time scales. This work focuses on the genetic features of high-density SNP markers, presents one complete landscape of the evolutionary history of ethnolinguistically different southern Chinese populations, and fills the gap of missing diversity in South China.