bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyphenol Oxidase Products Are Priming Agents for LPMO Peroxygenase Activity
Authors: de Oliveira Gorgulho Silva Caio , Vuillemin Marlene , Kabel Mirjam A. , van Berkel Willem J. H. , Meyer Anne S. , Agger Jane W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolyphenol oxidases catalyze the hydroxylation of monophenols to diphenols, which are reducing agents for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) in their degradation of cellulose. In particular, the polyphenol oxidase MtPPO7 from Myceliophthora thermophila converts lignocellulose‐derived monophenols, and under the new perspective of the peroxygenase reaction catalyzed by LPMOs, we aim to differentiate the role of the catalytic products of MtPPO7 in priming and fueling of LPMO activity. Exemplified by the activity of MtPPO7 towards guaiacol and by using the benchmark LPMO NcAA9C from Neurospora crassa we show that MtPPO7 catalytic products provide the initial electron for the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) but cannot provide the required reducing power for continuous fueling of the LPMO. The priming reaction is shown to occur with catalytic amounts of MtPPO7 products and those compounds do not generate substantial amounts of H2O2 in situ to fuel the LPMO peroxygenase activity. Reducing agents with a low propensity to generate H2O2 can provide the means for controlling the LPMO catalysis through exogenous H2O2 and thereby minimize any enzyme inactivation.
Are child maltreatment and intimate partner violence associated with adult disordered eating?
Authors: Lebed Olga , Sabina Chiara , Pacanowski Carly R. , Jaremka Lisa M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveDisordered eating is one of the most prevalent mental health concerns (Galmiche et al., 2019, Quick & Byrd‐Bredbenner, 2013, Neumark‐Sztainer et al., 2006). Studies show that child maltreatment increases the likelihood of disordered eating symptoms in adulthood (Caslini et al., 2016, Hazzard et al., 2019). However, these studies overlook abuse experiences later in life, such as intimate partner violence which may also be a significant contributing factor (Bundock et al., 2013). The proposed study will help identify whether childhood maltreatment and IPV are independent predictors and/or if the combination of the two are synergistic risk factors for adult disordered eating.MethodWe use data from 14,332 people from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Participants completed questionnaires assessing child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, and disordered eating symptoms. We will perform a series of logistic regression models to examine a) whether child maltreatment and intimate partner violence are independently associated with disordered eating and b) whether exposure to the combination of both child maltreatment and intimate partner violence is associated with worse outcomes for adult disordered eating compared to exposure to only one or none at all. We also propose a supplemental analysis to establish the robustness of these effects when accounting for the highest parental education, federal poverty percentage level, race/ethnicity, gender, and age.Public SignificanceDisordered eating is a serious mental health concern, especially in an emerging adult population. Child maltreatment is consistently associated with disordered eating in adulthood. However, the independent or synergistic role of more recent abuse experiences, such as intimate partner violence, remains largely unknown. The proposed study provides insight into how both childhood abuse and intimate partner violence may be associated with disordered eating independently or in combination.
The effect of prey abundance and fisheries on the survival, reproduction, and social structure of killer whales (Orcinus orca) at subantarctic Marion Island
Authors: Jordaan Rowan K. , Oosthuizen W. Chris , Reisinger Ryan R. , de Bruyn P. J. Nico 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMost marine apex predators are keystone species that fundamentally influence their ecosystems through cascading top‐down processes. Reductions in worldwide predator abundances, attributed to environmental‐ and anthropogenic‐induced changes to prey availability and negative interactions with fisheries, can have far‐reaching ecosystem impacts. We tested whether the survival of killer whales (Orcinus orca) observed at Marion Island in the Southern Indian Ocean correlated with social structure and prey variables (direct measures of prey abundance, Patagonian toothfish fishery effort, and environmental proxies) using multistate models of capture–recapture data spanning 12 years (2006–2018). We also tested the effect of these same variables on killer whale social structure and reproduction measured over the same period. Indices of social structure had the strongest correlation with survival, with higher sociality associated with increased survival probability. Survival was also positively correlated with Patagonian toothfish fishing effort during the previous year, suggesting that fishery‐linked resource availability is an important determinant of survival. No correlation between survival and environmental proxies of prey abundance was found. At‐island prey availability influenced the social structure of Marion Island killer whales, but none of the variables explained variability in reproduction. Future increases in legal fishing activity may benefit this population of killer whales through the artificial provisioning of resources they provide.
Assessing spatial distribution, genetic variants, and virulence of pathogen Mycoplasma agassizii in threatened Mojave desert tortoises
Authors: Bauschlicher Shalyn N. , Weitzman Chava L. , Martinez Victoria , Tracy C. Richard , Alvarez‐Ponce David , Sandmeier Franziska C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMojave desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii), a threatened species under the US Endangered Species Act, are long‐lived reptiles that experience a chronic respiratory disease. The virulence of primary etiologic agent, Mycoplasma agassizii, remains poorly understood, but it exhibits temporal and geographic variability in causing disease outbreaks in host tortoises. Multiple attempts to culture and characterize the diversity of M. agassizii have had minimal success, even though this opportunistic pathogen chronically persists in nearly every population of Mojave desert tortoises. The current geographic range and the molecular mechanisms of virulence of the type‐strain, PS6T, are unknown, and the bacterium is thought to have low‐to‐moderate virulence. We designed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting three putative virulence genes annotated on the PS6T genome as exo‐α‐sialidases, enzymes which facilitate growth in many bacterial pathogens. We tested 140 M. agassizii‐positive DNA samples collected from 2010 to 2012 across the range of Mojave desert tortoises. We found evidence of multiple‐strain infections within hosts. We also found the prevalence of these sialidase‐encoding genes to be highest in tortoise populations surrounding southern Nevada, the area from which PS6T was originally isolated. We found a general pattern of loss or reduced presence of sialidase among strains, even within a single host. However, in samples that were positive for any of the putative sialidase genes, one particular gene (528), was positively associated with bacterial loads of M. agassizii and may act as a growth factor for the bacterium. Our results suggest three evolutionary patterns: (1) high levels of variation, possibly due to neutral changes and chronic persistence, (2) a trade‐off between moderate virulence and transmission, and (3) selection against virulence in environmental conditions known to be physiologically stressful to the host. Our approach of quantifying genetic variation via qPCR represents a useful model of studying host–pathogen dynamics.
Spatiotemporal overlap with invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) varies by species and season in a temperate ecosystem
Authors: Saldo Elizabeth A. , Jensen Alex J. , Muthersbaugh Michael S. , Butfiloski Joseph W. , Cantrell Jay , Kilgo John C. , Ruth Charles , Yarrow Greg K. , Jachowski David S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWild pigs (Sus scrofa), which are invasive in many regions globally, can alter ecosystems and compete with native species through interference competition and resource exploitation. Wild pig impacts on other species may increase with greater niche overlap, which could vary over time based on environmental conditions, resource availability, or biological traits like diet, especially as seasonal variation in wild pig diet has been widely documented. A limited number of studies have assessed spatial or temporal overlap between native species and invasive wild pigs, with only a handful simultaneously assessing overlap in these niche dimensions. We investigated the potential for interspecific interactions involving invasive wild pigs in the Piedmont region of South Carolina, USA, by examining seasonal spatiotemporal overlap with other wildlife using N‐mixture models and diel activity overlap analyses. Site use by white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and coyote (Canis latrans) was negatively associated with wild pig activity in the fall, when the species had high diel activity overlap, indicating spatial partitioning could reduce interference competition with wild pigs in this season. Conversely, white‐tailed deer site use was positively associated with wild pig activity in the winter, suggesting higher spatial overlap may be necessary if resources are limited. Site use by bobcat (Lynx rufus) and nine‐banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in the spring, along with raccoon (Procyon lotor) and wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) site use in the summer, was positively associated with wild pig activity. With the exception of diurnal wild turkey, diel activity overlap between these species and wild pigs was high, although temporal partitioning could have occurred at finer spatiotemporal scales than we examined. Our results collectively emphasize the importance of accounting for seasonal spatial and temporal responses by individual species to invasive wild pigs, with special consideration given to species in seasons where high niche overlap with wild pigs is anticipated.
Geographic isolation reduces genetic diversity of a wide‐ranging terrestrial vertebrate, Canis lupus
Authors: Frévol Salomé A. , MacNulty Daniel R. , Anderson Morgan , Carmichael Lindsey E. , Cluff H. Dean , Mech L. David , Musiani Marco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenetic diversity is theorized to decrease in populations closer to a species' range edge, where habitat may be suboptimal. Generalist species capable of long‐range dispersal may maintain sufficient gene flow to counteract this, though the presence of significant barriers to dispersal (e.g., large water bodies, human‐dominated landscapes) may still lead to, and exacerbate, the edge effect. We used microsatellite data for 2421 gray wolves (Canis lupus) from 24 subpopulations (groups) to model how allelic richness and expected heterozygosity varied with mainland–island position and two measures of range edge (latitude and distance from range center) across >7.3 million km2 of northern North America. We expected low genetic diversity both at high latitudes, due to harsh environmental conditions, and on islands, but no change in diversity with distance to the range center due to the species' exceptional dispersal ability and favorable conditions in far eastern and western habitats. We found that allelic richness and expected heterozygosity of island groups were measurably less than that of mainland groups, and that these differences increased with the island's distance to the species' range center in the study area. Our results demonstrate how multiple axes of geographic isolation (distance from range center and island habitation) can act synergistically to erode the genetic diversity of wide‐ranging terrestrial vertebrate populations despite the counteracting influence of long‐range dispersal ability. These findings emphasize how geographic isolation is a potential threat to the genetic diversity and viability of terrestrial vertebrate populations even among species capable of long‐range dispersal.
Community structure and recovery in cryptic intertidal communities reflects dynamics on open‐surface communities
Authors: Rickborn Alissa J. , Gravem Sarah A. , Menge Bruce A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch on intertidal community structure and recovery in the California Current System has largely focused on macrophytes and invertebrates occupying two‐dimensional, readily studied “open” rock surfaces. However, most rocky shores have a “third” dimension that includes channels, cracks, crevices, and overhangs whose organismal assemblages, termed “cryptic communities,” are poorly studied. Cryptic communities not only share many species with those on more accessible surfaces but also include high abundances of colonial invertebrates such as tunicates, sponges, bryozoans, and hydrozoans. We investigated species abundance and diversity of cryptic communities and tested their recovery from disturbance by comparing removal plots to undisturbed controls for ~1.5 years. Additionally, we tested whether community structure and recovery varied with contrasting large‐scale levels of ecological subsidies (invertebrate recruitment, nutrients, and phytoplankton) and local‐scale microhabitat differences (emersion and solar irradiation) on the Oregon Coast. We compared cryptic recovery rates to recovery rates on open‐surface communities. In cryptic communities, site explained most (92%) variance in community structure of undisturbed plots, while microhabitat metrics had little (1.2%) effect. Further, recovery rates were faster at a site with higher subsidy inputs than one with lower subsidies in both cryptic and noncryptic communities. Hence, larger scale environmental drivers appeared more important than local‐scale drivers within cryptic communities. Our research provides novel insight into intertidal cryptic surge channel community structure and dynamics.
Purely resistive load estimation for three‐phase inverter by using pseudo random binary sequence signal
Authors: Minami Masataka , Morinaka Naoya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the introduction of photovoltaic power generation systems has been increasing from the perspective of global warming countermeasures. However, there is a problem that it becomes difficult to adjust the supply and demand balance of electric power. Therefore, in this research, the inverter by using estimation signal estimates the load of the consumer, then we aim to adjust the supply‐demand balance at the demand side. By the verification of experimental, three‐phase inverter, which is assumed to be an industrial photovoltaic power generation system, estimates the load by using pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) signal and two proposed methods. The load estimation results show that the error rate of the estimated resistance of each phase is within a few percent by using the two proposed methods, and the load estimation is achieved.
Glacier, permafrost and thermokarst interactions in Alpine terrain: Insights from seven decades of reconstructed dynamics of the Chauvet glacial and periglacial system (Southern French Alps)
Authors: Cusicanqui Diego , Bodin Xavier , Duvillard Pierre‐Allain , Schoeneich Philippe , Revil André , Assier Alain , Berthet Johan , Peyron Michel , Roudnitska Stéphane , Rabatel Antoine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study analyses the long‐term dynamics in the Chauvet glacial and periglacial system (southern French Alps) over seven decades (1948–2020), where several lake outburst floods have been documented since 1930. To accurately describe and explain the complex dynamics of this site, our multidisciplinary approach combines (1) photogrammetry of historical aerial photographs and modern high‐resolution satellite and UAV images, (2) geophysical surveys and (3) geomorphological mapping. We provide evidence for spatial and functional interactions between glacial and periglacial features, especially in the lower sector where different landforms with variable ice‐ and debris‐content and specific dynamics are interplayed. We found the highest thinning rates on ice‐rich terrain located in the central part of the valley bottom, which, together with bedrock morphology, most probably determine the location of the thermokarst. We also documented an overall acceleration of the creeping of the landforms after the 2000s, with a flow direction largely oriented towards the thermokarst depression. The outburst water flowed through a conduit whose successive opening and closure seem to mainly depend on the rate of lateral convergence of left‐ and right‐hand landforms and on the rate of ice melting (and roof collapse) along the conduit walls. Today, the site of Chauvet still represents a potential hazard for the region due to the large water storage capacity (up to 180 000 ± 450 m3) and the development of a predominantly bucket shape in the thermokarst sector.
Age and Synchronization of Daphnia magna Affect Sensitivity to Teflubenzuron in Acute Standardized Toxicity Tests
Authors: Schmid Simon , Rundberget Jan T. , Song You , Tollefsen Knut Erik 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The standard Daphnia sp. acute toxicity test for assessing the adverse effects of chemicals on aquatic invertebrates stipulates the use of neonates that are ≤24 h old (hours post release [hpr]) at the start of the exposure. However, when one is assessing acute effects of chemicals interfering with endocrine relevant-processes such as molting, both age synchronization and absolute age can influence the test outcome, because the occurrence of molting and associated mortality is highly time specific. Hence, a 24-h age synchronization window may mask the real effects of these compounds. To explore the influence of age synchronization and absolute age in standard acute toxicity tests, we exposed D. magna from different synchronization windows and absolute ages (≤4, 4–8, 8–12, ≤12, and ≤24 hpr at the beginning of the exposure) to 0.5–12 µg/L of the chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI) teflubenzuron (TEF) using the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. 48 h immobilization test). Our results show significant differences in 48-h median lethal concentrations between animals with a synchronization window of ≤4 hpr (2.9 µg/L) and longer synchronization windows such as ≤12 hpr (5.1 µg/L) and ≤24 hpr (16.8 µg/L). A concurrent decreasing trend in molting median effect concentrations was observed for the same synchronization windows: ≤4 hpr (4.0 µg/L), ≤12 hpr (5.9 µg/L), and ≤24 hpr (30.0 µg/L). Together, our results show that both synchronization and absolute age are determinant factors for the sensitivity of D. magna to TEF. A narrow synchronization window (e.g., ≤4 hpr) may provide a more conservative estimate of TEF toxicity and should be considered when one is performing standardized toxicity tests for molting-disrupting compounds such as TEF. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1806–1815. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Investigating the vegetation's temporal–spatial response to meteorological and hydrogeological drought in drylands
Authors: Mohamadi Sedigheh , Mianabadi Ameneh , Anvari Sedigheh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs the most constraining environmental factor of vegetation development in arid areas, soil moisture is mainly supplied by precipitation and groundwater resources. Considering the varying sensitivity of different plant communities to precipitation and groundwater‐induced water shortages, the communities' management requires the study of the effects of both meteorological and hydrogeological droughts on vegetation. Therefore, this study sought to model the effects of meteorological and hydrogeological droughts on vegetation indices obtained from MODIS satellite images in the Sirjan plain from 2000 to 2019. To this end, vegetation communities were first identified and separated based on extensive field operations, taking into account the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) at the plant communities' scale. Then, meteorological drought was calculated using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the hydrogeological drought was also measured by Groundwater Resource Index (GRI) via the Kriging technique. Finally, the relationship was modelled using Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR). The results revealed that SPI at a 6‐month time scale (as an important index) played a significant role in elaborating the changes in VCI in eight communities out of 18 ones at the 6‐month scale, acting as a strong and reliable estimator. Moreover, 61.6% of VCI changes in Artemisia sieberi‐Seidlitzia rosmarinus community were explained with GRI and SPI at a 6‐month time scale, indicating the dependence on groundwater and precipitation. Nonetheless, some communities (i.e. six cases) were unresponsive. These findings draw our attention to the importance of considering the special reaction of each plant community in the management.
Estimating nitrous oxide emissions based on TN discharge from municipal wastewater treatment plants: A case study for the city of Xiamen, China
Authors: Bai Ruolin , Jin Lei , Fu Haiyan , Zhuang Mazhan , Wei Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions is of primary importance to meet the targets of reducing carbon footprints of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper takes the N2O discharged from a case study of wastewater treatment plants as the main research object, and then develops a novel algorithm, which can accurately estimate the amount of N2O release, and then applies it to the local wastewater treatment plants. According to the results, the nitrous oxide emission flux and the emission factors (EFs) are discussed. The results include the following: (1) The total amount of N2O discharged from Xiamen wastewater treatment plants between 2018 and 2019 was 3881.29 kg and 3642.97 kg, respectively; (2) the production of N2O emissions based on the total nitrogen (TN) algorithm in the existing wastewater treatment factories in Xiamen was obtained based on the research EFs; and (3) by controlling other factors of WWTPs process such as chemical oxygen demand /nitrogen (COD)/ (N) ratio, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, pH value (the degree of concentration of hydrogen ions), and solids retention time (SRT) in the wastewater treatment process, selecting a secondary wastewater treatment process with an economical and reasonable approach can reduce N2O emissions in the wastewater treatment process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.