bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die sechs häufigsten peripherenvestibulären Syndrome
Authors: Strupp Michael , Zwergal Andreas , Goldschagg Nicolina 
Published: February 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPeriphere vestibuläre Syndrome beruhen auf einer Funktionsstörung des Labyrinths und/oder des Nervus vestibulocochlearis. Phänomenologisch und pathophysiologisch lassen sich 3 Formen klinisch unterscheiden: 1. Rezidivierende Schwindelepisoden mit je nach Ursache unterschiedlicher Dauer, unterschiedlichen Begleitsymptomen und Auslösern. Die zugrunde liegenden Erkrankungen sind der Benigne periphere paroxysmale Lagerungsschwindel, Morbus Menière, Vestibularisparoxysmie und das Syndrom der dritten mobilen Fenster. 2. Das akute vestibuläre Syndrom, bedingt durch eine akute vestibuläre Tonusdifferenz mit dem Leitsymptom heftiger langdauernder Drehschwindel: die akute unilaterale Vestibulopathie/Neuritis vestibularis. 3. Persistierender Schwankschwindel und Gangunsicherheit bedingt durch ein bilaterales vestibuläres Defizit: die bilaterale Vestibulopathie. Für alle diese Erkrankungen liegen Diagnosekriterien der Bárány-Society vor, die gleichermaßen wichtig sind für die klinische Praxis und für wissenschaftliche Studien. Für die Behandlung peripherer vestibulärer Syndrome werden in Abhängigkeit von der Ursache 5 Therapieprinzipien eingesetzt: 1. Sorgfältige Aufklärung des Patienten über Art und Ursache der Beschwerden und die Therapieeffekte; dies ist auch wichtig für die Compliance des Patienten. 2. Physikalisch-medizinische Behandlung: A) Bogengangspezifische Befreiungsmanöver: für den posterioren Kanal das SémontPlus-Manöver, das dem Sémont- und Epley- Manöver überlegen ist; für den horizontalen Kanal das modifizierte Roll-Manöver und für den anterioren Bogengang das modifizierte Yacovino-Manöver. B) Balancetraining bei sensorischen Defiziten (hohe Evidenz). 3. Symptomatische oder kausale medikamentöse Behandlung. Hier mangelt es weiterhin an placebokontrollierten Pharmakotherapiestudien, sodass die Evidenzlage niedrig ist und ein hoher klinischer Forschungsbedarf besteht. 4. Operative Maßnahmen, z. B. bei dem Syndrom der dritten mobilen Fenster. 5. Bei funktionellem Schwindel psychotherapeutische Verfahren.
Unsere stärkste Sehne … eine bekannte Schwachstelle
Authors: Kämper Harald 
Published: February 2023

SummaryÜber- und Fehlbelastungen der Achillessehne können zu chronischen Erkrankungen werden, denen schulmedizinisch nicht unbedingt beizukommen ist. Komplementäre Heilweisen wie Phytotherapie und Komplexmittel-Homöopathie können wertvolle Heilungsimpulse geben. Sie haben sich als ursächliche Therapien bewährt und werden in vielen Fällen erfolgreich eingesetzt. Eine ganzheitliche Behandlungsidee, die dabei verschiedene Heilweisen und Betrachtungen kombiniert, bewegt sich vom Lokalbefund zum gesamten Netzwerk des menschlichen Organismus.
A high-efficient piezoelectric wireless energy transmission system based on magnetic force coupling
Authors: Lu Hang , Xu Jiawen , Yan Ruqiang 
Published: February 2023

This research reports an acoustic wireless energy transmission system featuring high efficiency and robustness. The proposed energy transmission system is composed of a piezoelectric cantilever-based transmitter and receiver that are coupled using the forces of permanent magnets. Taking advantage of the strong coupling effect of magnet force, we can transfer mechanical energy wirelessly through mediums of the air and metal plate. The experimental studies show that the voltage transmission efficiencies reach 55.59% and 51.58% in cases of energy transfer through mediums of the air and the air–metal–air, respectively. In addition, the maximum power transmission reaches 42.73 mW at an operational frequency of 104.2 Hz. This wireless energy transmission system can be used for powering devices in enclosed, electrically shielded, and biomedical areas.
Control of interface anisotropy for spin transfer torque in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions for cryogenic temperature operation
Authors: Veiga P. B. , Mora-Hernandez A. , Dammak M. , Auffret S. , Joumard I. , Vila L. , Buda-Prejbeanu Liliana D. , Prejbeanu I. L. , Dieny B. , Sousa R. C. 
Published: February 2023

The possibility of higher electrical efficiency in computing by operating at low temperatures raises the need for non-volatile memory cells optimized for cryogenic operation. We report a study on low temperature spin transfer torque switching of magnetic tunnel junctions with 20 to 100 nm in diameter with thermal stability adapted to low temperature operation. The evolution of magnetic and electrical properties are characterized for four different stacks from 300 to 10 K comprising insertions of Mg, Ru and permalloy (Py) in the storage layer to reduce its effective anisotropy. Two figures of merit are used to compare different devices and stacks, Δ/Ic and Δ/Esw, normalizing the thermal stability Δ by the critical current or switching energy. Devices with a Py insertion layer show a higher FOM (3.78 kBTop/μA) and switching energy Esw below 655 fJ for 100 ns pulses at Top = 10 K. A procedure to optimize the reference layer stray field was also implemented to achieve full compensation using a synthetic antiferromagnetic layer for 20 nm diameter devices.
Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college
Authors: Creswell J. David , Tumminia Michael J. , Price Stephen , Sefidgar Yasaman , Cohen Sheldon , Ren Yiyi , Brown Jennifer , Dey Anind K. , Dutcher Janine M. , Villalba Daniella , Mankoff Jennifer , Xu Xuhai , Creswell Kasey , Doryab Afsaneh , Mattingly Stephen , Striegel Aaron , Hachen David , Martinez Gonzalo , Lovett Marsha C. 
Published: February 2023

Academic achievement in the first year of college is critical for setting students on a pathway toward long-term academic and life success, yet little is known about the factors that shape early college academic achievement. Given the important role sleep plays in learning and memory, here we extend this work to evaluate whether nightly sleep duration predicts change in end-of-semester grade point average (GPA). First-year college students from three independent universities provided sleep actigraphy for a month early in their winter/spring academic term across five studies. Findings showed that greater early-term total nightly sleep duration predicted higher end-of-term GPA, an effect that persisted even after controlling for previous-term GPA and daytime sleep. Specifically, every additional hour of average nightly sleep duration early in the semester was associated with an 0.07 increase in end-of-term GPA. Sensitivity analyses using sleep thresholds also indicated that sleeping less than 6 h each night was a period where sleep shifted from helpful to harmful for end-of-term GPA, relative to previous-term GPA. Notably, predictive relationships with GPA were specific to total nightly sleep duration, and not other markers of sleep, such as the midpoint of a student’s nightly sleep window or bedtime timing variability. These findings across five studies establish nightly sleep duration as an important factor in academic success and highlight the potential value of testing early academic term total sleep time interventions during the formative first year of college.
A thermal receptor for nonvisual sunlight detection in myriapods
Authors: Yao Zhihao , Yuan Licheng , Chen Xiaoying , Wang Qian , Chai Longhui , Lu Xiancui , Yang Fan , Wang Yunfei , Yang Shilong 
Published: February 2023

Organisms from cyanobacteria to humans have evolved a wide array of photoreceptive strategies to detect light. Sunlight avoidance behavior is common in animals without vision or known photosensory genes. While indirect light perception via photothermal conversion is a possible scenario, there is no experimental evidence for this hypothesis. Here, we show a nonvisual and extraocular sunlight detection mechanism by identifying the broad-range thermal receptor 1 (BRTNaC1, temperature range = 33 to 48 °C) in centipede antennae. BRTNaC1, a heat-activated cation-permeable ion channel, is structurally related to members of the epithelial sodium channel family. At the molecular level, heat activation of BRTNaC1 exhibits strong pH dependence controlled by two protonatable sites. Physiologically, temperature-dependent activation of BRTNaC1 upon sunlight exposure comes from a striking photothermal effect on the antennae, where a slightly acidic environment (pH 6.1) of the body fluid leads to the protonation of BRTNaC1 and switches on its high thermal sensitivity. Furthermore, testosterone potently inhibits heat activation of BRTNaC1 and the sunlight avoidance behavior of centipedes. Taken together, our study suggests a sophisticated strategy for nonvisual sunlight detection in myriapods.
Ultra-high thermal conductivity of two-dimensional C23
Authors: Wang Huimin , Gao Chuanhao , Peng Bo , Wu Jing , Wang Xiaoxia , Wei Donghai , Tan Ligang , Qin Zhenzhen , Qin Guangzhao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
High thermal conductivity is of great interest due to the novel applications in high-performance heat dissipation for microelectronic devices. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with graphene as a representative have attracted tremendous interest due to the excellent properties, where C23 is an emerging 2D allotrope of carbon with a large bandgap. In this paper, by solving the Boltzmann transport equation based on state-of-the-art first-principles calculations, the C23 is predicted to have an ultrahigh thermal conductivity of 2051.47 Wm−1K−1, which is on the same order of magnitude as graphene. Based on the comparative analysis among C23, graphene, and penta-graphene, it is shown that the unique spatial structure and the orbital hybridization of C23 lead to weak anharmonicity, which results in the large relaxation time of phonons and finally results in ultrahigh thermal conductivity. Our study is expected to promote the comprehensive understanding of thermal transport in C23 and shed light on future exploration of novel materials with high thermal conductivity.
Nb, Se-codoped ZnIn2S4/NbSe2 composites with enhanced catalytic activity and photodegradation performance towards tetracycline
Authors: Zhao Xianhui , Huang Fei , Li Dengke , Yan Aihua , Zhang Tongyang , Zhao Wenxue , Gao Ye , Zhang Jixu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Low quantum efficiency and serious photogenerated carrier recombination have been urgent bottleneck problems for photocatalytic materials. Herein, we prepared Nb, Se-codoped ZnIn2S4/NbSe2 composites through a facile solvothermal method. The synergetic effect of codoping and cocatalyst was investigated on the photodegradation performance towards tetracycline under visible-light irradiation. By adjusting the final composition, the comprehensive characterization revealed that the optimum degradation efficiency of NS/ZIS-1.6 catalyst arrived at 75% in 70 min, which was 5.8 times higher than that of pure ZnIn2S4. Deep analysis indicated that the enhanced photocatalytic performance could be attributed to higher light absorption, more efficient electron/hole separation, faster charge transport, and lower carrier recombination. This work may offer novel viewpoint for design of high-performance catalysts towards the visible-light-driven photodegradation system.
Comparison between 1D radial and 0D global models for low-pressure oxygen DC glow discharges
Authors: Viegas Pedro , Dias Tiago Cunha , Fromentin Chloé , Chukalovsky Alexander , Mankelevich Yuri , Proshina Olga , Rakhimova Tatyana , Guerra Vasco , Voloshin Dmitry 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work focuses on the comparison between a zero-dimensional (0D) global model (LoKI) and a one-dimensional (1D) radial fluid model for the positive column of oxygen DC glow discharges in a tube of 1 cm inner radius at pressures between 0.5 Torr and 10 Torr. The data used in the two models are the same, so that the difference between the models is reduced to dimensionality. A good agreement is found between the two models on the main discharge parameters (gas temperature, electron density, reduced electric field and dissociation fraction), with relative differences below 5%. The agreement on other species average number densities, charged and neutral, is slightly worse, with relative differences increasing with pressure from 11% at 0.5 Torr to 57% at 10 Torr. The success of the 0D global model in describing these plasmas through volume averaged quantities decreases with pressure, due to pressure-driven narrowing of radial profiles. Hence, in the studied conditions, we recommend the use of volume-averaged models only in the pressure range up to 10 Torr.
Design and test of a setup for calorimetric measurements of AC transport losses in HTS racetrack coils
Authors: Vargas-Llanos Carlos Roberto , Krämer Joachim , Noe Mathias , Grilli Francesco 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The estimation and measurement of AC losses in coils based on high-temperature superconductors (HTS) are relevant aspects of HTS applications. They influence the cooling power requirement, operating temperature and efficiency, which can be decisive in the construction and implementation of superconducting equipment, such as superconducting electrical machines. The measurement of losses due to AC transport current (without external magnetic field) is not an easy task. Several efforts have been made to measure these AC transport losses in superconducting coils with a calorimetric approach by trying to minimize the influence of the environment, improve the accuracy and ensure the reproducibility of the results. This work presents the design and construction of a setup to measure transport AC losses in high-temperature superconducting coils based on a calorimetric approach (boil-off method). The evaporated cryogen (nitrogen) related to the dissipation of energy is collected by using a 3D printed bubble collector that guides the gas into a flow sensor. A box-inside-a-box approach is used to surround the measurement chamber with a cryogenic environment. This approach allows re-directing the heat transfer from the surroundings into an intermediate zone (space between external and internal box). Since this intermediate zone operates under cryogenic temperatures, the noise and the heat transfer in the internal part of the setup are reduced. A statistical analysis of the results based on a standard load cycle, average value, and standard deviation calculations allows assessing the variability in the measurements and expressing the results as average value and uncertainty range. The calibration and reproducibility of the measurements are verified with a set of resistors under different conditions and during different weeks. Finally, the AC transport losses in a racetrack coil for an electrical machine application are measured and compared with 3D simulation results based on the homogenization of the T-A formulation.
Compressible, Reliable, and Flexible Pressure Sensor based on carbonized melamine foam capped by Ti3C2Tx MXene for Versatile Applications
Authors: Su Yue , Ma Kainan , Liu Ming , Zhang Xu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors with excellent sensing properties have caused widespread concern due to their various potential applications in personalized healthcare monitoring, disease diagnosis and human-machine interaction. However, the challenge remains to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity and low fabrication cost. Herein, a compressible, reliable and flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor of Ti3C2Tx MXene/carbonized melamine foam (MXene@CMF) was fabricated by coating two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene on the skeleton of carbonized melamine foam. Owing to the synergic effect of carbonized melamine foam and Ti3C2Tx MXene, the as-prepared MXene@CMF shows excellent performance in terms of high sensitivity (similar to 0.166 kPa-1), fast response time (similar to 120 ms), and excellent cyclic stability. Benefiting from these excellent sensing capabilities, the applications of the sensor for artery pulse detection and bending joint monitoring are demonstrated. Moreover, with the assistance of the convolutional neural network, the proposed sensor can realize the exquisite identification of letter strokes with an average recognition accuracy of 96.3%. Based on the merit of high sensing performance and versatile application prospects, our proposed sensor may have great potential in medical and healthcare, human motion detection, handwriting verification, and anticounterfeiting applications.
Analysis of various hole transport layers (HTLs) on the performance of CZTS- solar cell
Authors: Dakua Pratap Kumar , Panda Deepak Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
CZTS is a potential absorber material and received a lot of focus because of its excellent optoelectronic properties. To improve the functionality of CZTS-based solar cells, this study examines the potential HTLs (MoTe2, Cu2O, and SnS) and their contribution to the better performance of the device. HTL improves the overall performance of the device by decreasing the recombination rate at the back contact and photon energy absorption. The impact of the various device parameters such as absorber layer thickness, defect densities, contact work functions, shunt and series resistances (RSh and Rs), and the temperature of the device are briefly examined in this work. The research shows that Cu2O and SnS are more emerged HTLs rather than MoTe2. The device achieved a PCE of 24% and a FF of 74%. The results show that the addition of these HTLs significantly improved the Voc, Jsc, and FF, all of which are within the Shockley-Queasier limits. This study points to the possibility of producing more efficient CZTS heterojunction-based solar cells.
Fast modeling approach of large-scale non-inductive HTS coils under different current supply
Authors: Fawaz Sara , Menana Hocine , Douine Bruno , Queval Loïc 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a fast-integral modeling approach for the design and characterization of large-scale non-inductive high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils made of first-generation HTS tape. The integral modeling is combined with a strategy of far tape approximation allowing to model a reduced set of consecutive tapes instead of the entire coil. It makes it possible to estimate the losses and the current density distribution in the coil, under different current supply. This leads to a considerable reduction in the computation time. The calculated AC losses show a good agreement with the Norris ellipse formula and measurements, highlighting the importance of considering the elliptical section of the superconductor in the tape, in the modeling. The developed modeling approach is in particular useful in the AC + DC mode, where Norris’s formulas cannot be used to determine the losses. Besides, some interesting phenomena have been observed, related to the current distribution in the tapes at different AC and DC current values.
A dual-band antireflection metasurface for air-ground impedance matching in ground penetrating radar
Authors: Li Bo , Yang Helin , Guo Linyan , Ling Jianyu , Qian Rongyi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In ground-penetrating radar (GPR) detection, the impedance mismatch between air and the material under tested (MUT) creates a strong reflection at the air-ground interface. It substantially restricts the GPR’s detecting depth by reducing the electromagnetic energy fed into the ground. This paper describes a dual-band antireflection metasurface for an air-ground impedance matching layer (IML) with central frequencies of 1.0 GHz and 2.5 GHz. Its dual-band feature relies on two distinct inner and outer closed resonant ring topologies. The destructive interference theory instructs the design and optimization of the proposed IML. Through simulation and experiment, the dual-band IML can adequately eliminate reflection at the air-ground interface and enhance transmission from the air to the MUT for GPR applications. Real-world GPR experiments demonstrate that a hazy basement interface is clearer when IML is positioned at the ground’s surface. Owing to the passive and electrically thin properties of IML, the proposed approach offers a feasible impedance matching solution for GPR and through-wall radar detection. Moreover, it also has application potential in multi-band GPR and can be extended to microwave and millimeter-wave imaging systems.
Dark matter from primordial black holes would hold charge
Authors: Araya I.J. , Padilla N.D. , Rubio M.E. , Sureda J. , Magaña J. , Osorio L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We explore the possibility that primordial black holes (PBHs) contain electric charge down to the present day. We find that PBHs should hold a non-zero net charge at their formation, due to either Poisson fluctuations at horizon crossing or high-energy particle collisions. Although initial charge configurations are subject to fast discharge processes through particle accretion or quantum particle emission, we show that maximally rotating PBHs could produce magnetic fields able to shield them from discharge. Moreover, given that electrons are the lightest and fastest charge carriers, we show that the plasma within virialised dark matter haloes can endow PBHs with net negative charge. We report charge-to-mass ratios between 10-31
C/kg and 10-15
C/kg for PBHs within the mass windows that allow them to constitute the entirety of the dark matter in the Universe.
Slow-rotating black holes with potential in dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravitational theory
Authors: Nashed G.G.L. , Nojiri Shin'ichi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Chern-Simons amended gravity theory appears as a low-energy effective theory of string theory.
The effective theory includes an anomaly-cancelation correction to the Einstein-Hilbert action.
The Chern-Simons expression consists of the product φRR̃ of the Pontryagin density RR̃ with a scalar field φ,
where the latter is considered a background field
(dynamical construction or non-dynamical construction).
Many different solutions to Einstein's general relativity continue to be valid in the amended theories.
The Kerr metric is, however, considered an exceptional case that raised a search for rotating black hole solutions.
We generalize the solution presented in Phys. Rev. D 77 (2008) 064007 by allowing the potential V to have a non-vanishing value,
and we discuss three different cases of the potential, that is, V = const., V ∝ φ, and V ∝ φ
2 cases.
This study presents, for the first time, novel solutions prescribing rotating black holes in the frame of the dynamical formulation of the Chern-Simons gravity,
where we include a potential and generalize the previously derived solutions.
We derive solutions in the slow-rotation limit, where we write the parameter of the slow-rotation expansion by ε.
These solutions are axisymmetric and stationary, and they make a distortion of the Kerr solution by a dipole scalar field.
Furthermore, we investigate that the correction to the metric behaves in the inverse of the fourth order of radial distance from the center
of the black hole as V ∝ φ.
This suggests that any meaningful limits from the weak-field experiments could be passed.
We show that the energy conditions associated with the scalar field of the case V ∝ φ are non-trivial and have non-trivial values to the leading order.
These non-trivial values come mainly from the contribution of the potential. Finally, we derived the stability condition using the geodesic deviations.
We conclude this study by showing that other choices of the potential, i.e., V ∝ φn
, where n > 2 are not allowed
because all the solutions to these cases will be of order 𝒪(ε
2), which is not covered in this study.