bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential Findings on Anorectal Manometry in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Defecatory Dysfunction
Authors: Zhou Wendy , Triadafilopoulos George , Gurland Brooke , Halawi Houssam , Becker Laren , Garcia Patricia , Nguyen Linda , Miglis Mitchell , Muppidi Srikanth , Sinn Dong‐In , Jaradeh Safwan , Neshatian Leila 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionGastrointestinal dysfunction, particularly constipation, is among the most common non‐motor manifestations in Parkinson's Disease (PD). We aimed to identify high‐resolution anorectal manometry (HR‐ARM) abnormalities in patients with PD using the London Classification.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all PD patients at our institution who underwent HR‐ARM and balloon expulsion test (BET) for evaluation of constipation between 2015 and 2021. Using age and sex‐specific normal values, HR‐ARM recordings were re‐analyzed and abnormalities were reported using the London Classification. A combination of Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact test were used.Results36 patients (19 women) with median age 71 (interquartile range [IQR]: 69–74) years, were included. Using the London Classification, 7 (19%) patients had anal hypotension, 17 (47%) had anal hypocontractility, and 3 women had combined hypotension and hypocontractility. Anal hypocontractility was significantly more common in women compared to men. Abnormal BET and dyssynergia were noted in 22 (61%) patients, while abnormal BET and poor propulsion were only seen in 2 (5%). Men had significantly more paradoxical anal contraction and higher residual anal pressures during simulated defecation, resulting in more negative recto‐anal pressure gradients. Rectal hyposensitivity was seen in nearly one third of PD patients and comparable among men and women.ConclusionOur data affirms the high prevalence of anorectal disorders in PD. Using the London Classification, abnormal expulsion and dyssynergia and anal hypocontractility were the most common findings in PD. Whether the high prevalence of anal hypocontractility in females is directly related to PD or other confounding factors will require further research.
Influence of cerebrospinal fluid on power absorption during transcranial magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound treatment
Authors: Slominski Emma , Marchant Joshua , Judd Wesley , Alexander Matthew D. , Rolston John D. , Odéen Henrik , Rieke Viola , Christensen Douglas A. , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound beam aberration correction is vital when focusing ultrasound through the skull bone in transcranial magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) applications. Current methods make transducer element phase adjustments to compensate for the variation in skull properties (shape, thickness, and acoustic properties), but do not account for variations in the internal brain anatomy.PurposeOur objective is to investigate the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain anatomy on beam focusing in tcMRgFUS treatments.MethodsSimulations were conducted with imaging data from 20 patients previously treated with focused ultrasound for disabling tremor. The Hybrid Angular Spectrum (HAS) method was used to test the effect of including cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and brain anatomy in determining the element phases used for aberration correction and beam focusing. Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images from patient treatments were used to construct a segmented model of each patient's head. The segmented model for treatment simulation consisted of water, skin, fat, brain, CSF, diploë, and cortical bone. Transducer element phases used for treatment simulation were determined using time reversal from the desired focus, generating a set of phases assuming a homogeneous brain in the intracranial volume, and a second set of phases assigning CSF acoustic properties to regions of CSF. In addition, for three patients, the relative effect of separately including CSF speed of sound values compared to CSF attenuation values was found.ResultsWe found that including CSF acoustic properties (speed of sound and attenuation) during phase planning compared to phase correction without considering CSF increased the absorbed ultrasound power density ratios at the focus over a range of 1.06 to 1.29 (mean of 17% ± 6%) for 20 patients. Separately considering the CSF speed of sound and CSF attenuation showed that the increase was due almost entirely to including the CSF speed of sound; considering only the CSF attenuation had a negligible effect.ConclusionsBased on HAS simulations, treatment planning phase determination using morphologically realistic CSF and brain anatomy yielded an increase of up to 29% in the ultrasound focal absorbed power density. Future work will be required to validate the CSF simulations.
Synthesis and design of hypercrosslinked porous organic frameworks containing tetraphenylpyrazine unit for high‐performance supercapacitor
Authors: Ejaz Mohsin , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Chang Wan‐Chun , Kuo Shiao‐Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman society faces significant environmental challenges due to the rapid production and consumption of fossil fuels. Therefore, developing effective and environmentally friendly methods of generating and storing energy is essential. Hypercrosslinked polymers (HPPs) have become increasingly popular due to their diverse preparation methods, simple functionalization, large specific surface area, low cost, mild reaction conditions, high chemical and thermal stability, and small size. We synthesized two hypercrosslinked porous organic polymers using Friedel‐Crafts reactions of 2,3,5,6‐tetraphenyl pyrazine (Pyra) with 4,4′‐bis(chloromethyl)biphenyl (BP), and dimethoxymethane (DDM), resulting in Pyra‐BP‐HPP and Pyra‐DDM‐HPP, respectively. The chemical structures and thermal stability of these polymers were confirmed through solid‐state 13C NMR, FTIR, and TGA. The surface area of Pyra‐BP‐HPP and Pyra‐DDM‐HPP was determined to be 984 and 435 m2 g−1, respectively, with micro and mesoporous structures present. Pyra‐BP‐HPP displayed a high specific capacitance of 94 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, with a capacity retention of 95% after 2000 cycles, which can be attributed to its larger surface area, microporosity, and abundance of electron‐rich phenyl rings when compared to Pyra‐DDM‐HPP.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Highly Active Single‐Atom Fe/N/C Catalysts for High‐Performance Aqueous and Flexible All‐Solid‐State Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Han Yi , Wei Qiliang , Fu Yanqing , Zhang Dongdong , Li Pan , Shan Xiaofeng , Yang Hongli , Zhan Xiaoqiang , Liu Xincai , Yang Weiyou 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of low‐cost single‐atom electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is highly desired but remains a grand challenge. Superior to the conventional techniques, a microwave‐assisted strategy is reported for rapid production of high‐quality Fe/N/C single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with profoundly enhanced reaction rate and remarkably reduced energy consumption. The as‐synthesized catalysts exhibit an excellent ORR performance with a positive half‐wave potential up to 0.90 V, a high turnover frequency of 0.76 s−1, as well as a satisfied stability with a lost half‐wave potential of just 27 mV over 9000 cycles (much better than that of Pt/C with 107 mV lost) and good methanol resistance. The open‐circuit voltages of as‐constructed aqueous and flexible all‐solid‐state Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) are 1.56 and 1.52 V, respectively, higher than those of 20% Pt/C‐based ones (i.e., 1.43 and 1.38 V, respectively). Impressively, they afford a peak power density of 235 mW cm−2, which exceeds that of Pt/C (i.e., 186 mW cm−2), and is comparable to the best ones of Fe/N/C‐based ZABs ever reported.
Macromolecular Engineering: From Precise Macromolecular Inks to 3D Printed Microstructures
Authors: Catt Samantha O. , Hackner Maximillian , Spatz Joachim P. , Blasco Eva 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMacromolecules with complex, defined structures exist in nature but rarely is this degree of control afforded in synthetic macromolecules. Sequence‐defined approaches provide a solution for precise control of the primary macromolecular structure. Despite a growing interest, very few examples for applications of sequence‐defined macromolecules exist. In particular, the use of sequence‐defined macromolecules as printable materials remains unexplored. Herein, the rational design of precise macromolecular inks for 3D microprinting is investigated for the first time. Specifically, three printable oligomers are synthesized, consisting of eight units, either crosslinkable (C) or non‐functional (B) with varied sequence (BCBCBCBC, alternating; BBCCCBB, triblock; and BBBBCCCC, block). The oligomers are printed using two‐photon laser printing and characterized. It is clearly demonstrated that the macromolecular sequence, specifically the positioning of the crosslinkable group, plays a critical role in both the printability and final properties of the printed material. Thus, through precise design and printability of sequence‐defined macromolecules, an exciting avenue for the next generation of functional materials for 3D printing is created.
Topological Insulator Bi2Se3‐Assisted Heterostructure for Ultrafast Charging Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xie Minggang , Li Chunguang , Zhang Siqi , Zhang Zhe , Li Yuxin , Chen Xiao‐Bo , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of fast charging materials offers a viable solution for large‐scale and sustainable energy storage needs. However, it remains a critical challenge to improve the electrical and ionic conductivity for better performance. Topological insulator (TI), a topological quantum material that has attracted worldwide attention, hosts unusual metallic surface states and consequent high carrier mobility. Nevertheless, its potential in promising high‐rate charging capability has not been fully realized and explored. Herein, a novel Bi2Se3‐ZnSe heterostructure as excellent fast charging material for Na+ storage is reported. Ultrathin Bi2Se3 nanoplates with rich TI metallic surfaces are introduced as an electronic platform inside the material, which greatly reduces the charge transfer resistance and improves the overall electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, the abundant crystalline interfaces between these two selenides promote Na+ migration and provide additional active sites as well. As expected, the composite delivers the excellent high‐rate performance of 360.5 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 and maintains its electrochemical stability of 318.4 mAh g−1 after 3000 long cycles, which is the record high for all reported selenide‐based anodes. This work is anticipated to provide alternative strategies for further exploration of topological insulators and advanced heterostructures.
Food avoidance and fasting in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Experience from the Nancy IBD nutrition clinic
Authors: Bonsack Olivier , Caron Bénédicte , Baumann Cedric , Heba Anne Charlotte , Vieujean Sophie , Arnone Djesia , Netter Patrick , Danese Silvio , Quilliot Didier , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consider that their diet is important for controlling symptoms and frequently ask their physician for additional guidance on this matter. The objectives of the present study of patients with IBD were to characterize the prevalence of exclusion diets and fasting and to identify associated risk factors.MethodsUsing an anonymous questionnaire, we screened patients attending our IBD nutrition clinic between November 2021 and April 2022 for exclusion diets. The avoidance of a food category completely was defined as total exclusion and avoidance most of the time was defined as partial exclusion. We also asked patients whether they fasted totally, intermittently, or partially.ResultA total of 434 patients with IBD were included. On inclusion, 159 patients (36.6%) totally excluded at least one food category and 271 (62.4%) partially excluded at least one food. Intermittent, total, or partial fasting was reported by 30.8% of the patients. Disease activity (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval] = 1.7 [1.1–2.7], p = 0.0130) and treatment with a small‐molecule or an investigational drug (OR = 4.0 [1.5–10.6], p = 0.0059) were independently associated with an exclusion diet. A history of stenosis (OR = 2.0 [1.2–3.2], p = 0.0063) and active disease (OR = 1.9 [1.2–3.1], p = 0.0059) were associated with fasting.ConclusionIn this real‐world study, approximately two‐thirds of our patients with IBD reported the partial or total exclusion of at least one food category and one third reported fasting. A systematic nutritional evaluation might improve clinical management and quality of care for patients with IBD both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Water is life and death: Symbolic representation in all customs and rituals in India
Authors: Singha Ranjit , Singha Surjit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor the Koch, Koch Rajbongshi, and Rajbanshi people of India, water is central to their culture. They share river music and ancestry. They lost their language in 1931 and split into three or more clans due to flood relocation. They also introduced food, the river, the sun, the moon, the bamboo tree, and cactus plant worship to the highlands. The parent group was identified as tribal in the 1931 census. Still, the Indian government could not grant Koch, Koch Rajbongshi, and Rajbanshi “scheduled tribe” status for Assam and conserve their culture, traditions, and language. Indian scientists are trying to solve Assam's centuries‐old flood issues, which are worsening. The new Indian water framework must treat “water access” and “value of water resources” as “essentially good” and “human rights” issues. India must review its Assam flood failures and compensate locals. Assam needs political, social, economic, and administrative procedures to develop and manage water resources and offer services at different societal levels.
Claiming (through) Space: Topographies of Enslavement, the Literary Heterotopia of the Underground Railroad, and the Co-agency of the Non-human
Authors: Klestil Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter reads the Underground Railroad ecocritically as a literary heterotopia (Foucault) of the fugitive slave narrative that became vital to an African American spatial and environmental imagination. A turn to a variety of texts ranging from abolitionist writing to slave narratives by Bayley (1825), Curry (1840), Douglass (1845), Bibb (1849), and J. Brown (1855) demonstrates that this literary heterotopia became a means of claiming (through) space in a twofold sense. First, it enabled fugitives’ reclaiming themselves by reinterpreting relations between space and body, and by subversively playing with an antebellum popular discourse of the “Liberty Line.” Second, this subversive play provided a means of claiming space in the sense of imagining a literary Underground Railroad, which narrators could employ as a “discursive loophole” to express African American environmental knowledge.
Resisting (through) the Eye: Antebellum Visual Regimes, the Slave Narrative’s Rhetoric of Visibility, and African American Strategic Pastoral
Authors: Klestil Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter turns to the pastoral and its involvement in antebellum African American expressions of environmental knowledge. Conceptualizing the idea of a “strategic pastoral,” seen in moments in which pastoral elements become part of a doubled (visual) perspective in slave narratives, provides a means for examining how this writing technique enables an articulation of environmental knowledge, social critique, and utopian hope. Through a variety of texts and with a specific focus on the narratives by Frederick Douglass (1845) and Henry Box Brown (1849), this chapter demonstrates where, how, and with what effects slave narratives strategized pastoral elements. This also suggests an alternative framework for thinking about the (anti)pastoral in ecocritical readings of African American literature.
Transforming Space: Nature, Education, and Home in Charlotte Forten and William Wells Brown
Authors: Klestil Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter looks at Charlotte Forten’s journals and William W. Brown’s My Southern Home (1880) as indicating a post-Emancipation reconfiguration of literary space in African American writing that offered new ways for expressing environmental knowledge. One significant effect of this reconfiguration was that articulations of environmental knowledge shifted from “loopholes” like the slave narrative’s literary heterotopia of the Underground Railroad into broader literary spaces of education and home. Forten uses a host of such spaces in her picturesque depictions of houses and schools to create an alternative discourse of nature as a multifaceted refuge and to condemn slavery and racism. Brown’s text is a subversive trickster narrative that expresses a post-Emancipation form of black agrarianism while negotiating the ambivalent relationship of African Americans to the South.
Introduction
Authors: Dall’Asta Monica , Migozzi Jacques , Pagello Federico , Pepper Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe introduction offers a way of reading contemporary European crime fiction that pays attention to the national crime fiction traditions of discrete European countries and explores the transcultural, transnational elements of this emerging form. Our expansive understanding of this form is organized around three central aspects: firstly, the internationalization of European crime fiction as a driver of narrative ‘glocalization’; secondly, the complex forms of political engagement at play in this body of work, where the progressive articulation of new identities forged at the crossroads of ethnicity, gender and sexuality is set against insights into political corruption, racism and state violence; and thirdly, an emphasis on the centrality of historical recovery where the excavation and interrogation of traumatic histories is understood as a reflection on present circumstances.
Noir Bearing Gifts: The Greek Shoah and Its Memory in Philip Kerr’s Greeks Bearing Gifts
Authors: Dermentzopoulos Christos , Flitouris Lampros , Filippaios Nikos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter considers one of Philip Kerr’s late period Bernie Gunther novels, Greeks Bearing Gifts (2018), for the ways it engages with one of the darkest moments in twentieth-century Greek history: the extermination of the Thessaloniki Jews during the German occupation of Greece (1939–1944). The chapter argues that Gunther’s democratic and humanist perspective, informed by a particular understanding of Marxism, which Gunther openly acknowledges, sets in motion the act of historical recovery: what is to be recovered and why it is important to do so. Kerr’s novel is not treated as objective or official history but rather history from below—where new understandings and accounts of what occurred in the past emerge from eyewitness testimonies to contest and overturn received understandings.
When Programs Have to Watch Paint Dry
Authors: Ahman Danel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe explore type systems and programming abstractions for the safe usage of resources. In particular, we investigate how to use types to modularly specify and check when programs are allowed to use their resources, e.g., when programming a robot arm on a production line, it is crucial that painted parts are given enough time to dry before assembly. We capture such temporal resources using a time-graded variant of Fitch-style modal type systems, develop a corresponding modally typed, effectful core calculus, and equip it with a graded-monadic denotational semantics illustrated by a concrete presheaf model. Our calculus also includes graded algebraic effects and effect handlers. They are given a novel temporally aware treatment in which operations’ specifications include their execution times and their continuations know that an operation’s worth of additional time has passed before they start executing, making it possible to safely access further temporal resources in them.
Reverse Bisimilarity vs. Forward Bisimilarity
Authors: Bernardo Marco , Rossi Sabina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractReversibility is the capability of a system of undoing its own actions starting from the last performed one, in such a way that a past consistent state is reached. This is not trivial for concurrent systems, as the last performed action may not be uniquely identifiable. There are several approaches to address causality-consistent reversibility, some including a notion of forward-reverse bisimilarity. We introduce a minimal process calculus for reversible systems to investigate compositionality properties and equational characterizations of forward-reverse bisimilarity as well as of its two components, i.e., forward bisimilarity and reverse bisimilarity, so as to highlight their differences. The study is conducted not only in a nondeterministic setting, but also in a stochastic one where time reversibility and lumpability for Markov chains are exploited.
Preservation and Reflection of Bisimilarity via Invertible Steps
Authors: Turkenburg Ruben , Kupke Clemens , Rot Jurriaan , Schoen Ezra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the theory of coalgebras, distributive laws give a general perspective on determinisation and other automata constructions. This perspective has recently been extended to include so-called weak distributive laws, covering several constructions on state-based systems that are not captured by regular distributive laws, such as the construction of a belief-state transformer from a probabilistic automaton, and ultrafilter extensions of Kripke frames.In this paper we first observe that weak distributive laws give rise to the more general notion of what we call an invertible step: a pair of natural transformations that allows to move coalgebras along an adjunction. Our main result is that part of the construction induced by an invertible step preserves and reflects bisimilarity. This covers results that have previously been shown by hand for the instances of ultrafilter extensions and belief-state transformers.
Quantitative Safety and Liveness
Authors: Henzinger Thomas A. , Mazzocchi Nicolas , Saraç N. Ege 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSafety and liveness are elementary concepts of computation, and the foundation of many verification paradigms. The safety-liveness classification of boolean properties characterizes whether a given property can be falsified by observing a finite prefix of an infinite computation trace (always for safety, never for liveness). In quantitative specification and verification, properties assign not truth values, but quantitative values to infinite traces (e.g., a cost, or the distance to a boolean property). We introduce quantitative safety and liveness, and we prove that our definitions induce conservative quantitative generalizations of both (1) the safety-progress hierarchy of boolean properties and (2) the safety-liveness decomposition of boolean properties. In particular, we show that every quantitative property can be written as the pointwise minimum of a quantitative safety property and a quantitative liveness property. Consequently, like boolean properties, also quantitative properties can be $$\min $$
min
-decomposed into safety and liveness parts, or alternatively, $$\max $$
max
-decomposed into co-safety and co-liveness parts. Moreover, quantitative properties can be approximated naturally. We prove that every quantitative property that has both safe and co-safe approximations can be monitored arbitrarily precisely by a monitor that uses only a finite number of states.