bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of ring-level dynamic modulus of elasticity in loblolly pine from measurements of ultrasonic velocity and specific gravity
Authors: Dahlen Joseph , Auty David , Eberhardt Thomas L , Schimleck Laurence , Pokhrel Nawa Raj 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Wood stiffness (modulus of elasticity, MOE) is an important property for conifer wood, with the variability in MOE largely being a function of both the specific gravity (SG) (wood density) and the angle of the microfibrils within the S2 layer of longitudinal tracheids. Rapid analysis techniques can be used together to quantify MOE; while SG can be determined with relative ease, this is not the case for microfibril angle, requiring expensive X-ray diffraction equipment. An alternative to microfibril angle is to measure longitudinal acoustic velocity. The objective of this study was to measure and then model the within tree variation in dynamic MOE (MOEdyn) by developing the methodology to measure ultrasonic velocity (USV) in radial samples from pith to bark using ultrasonic frequencies (&gt;20 kHz). A total of 419 pith-to-bark radial strips, collected from multiple height levels in 92 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) trees, were processed to obtain matching SG (2mm longitudinal) and USV (8.2-mm longitudinal) samples. Ring-by-ring SG was measured using X-ray densitometry and time-of-flight USV was measured at a 10-mm radial resolution from pith to bark. A subset of samples was sent to SilviScan to determine microfibril angle using X-ray diffraction. The relationship between microfibril angle and USV was strong (R2 = 0.91, RMSE = 2.6°). Nonlinear mixed-effects models were then developed to predict radial variation in SG, USV and MOEdyn. Fixed effects for the models, which included cambial age and height of disk within tree, had pseudo R2 values of 0.67 for SG (RMSE = 0.051), 0.71 for USV (RMSE = 316 m/s) and 0.69 for MOEdyn (RMSE = 1.9 GPa). When combined with SG measurements from X-ray densitometry, USV measurements from pith to bark are a powerful tool for assessing variability in wood stiffness.
SlZF3 regulates tomato plant height by directly repressing SlGA20ox4 in the gibberellic acid biosynthesis pathway
Authors: Luo Jinying , Tang Yunfei , Chu Zhuannan , Peng Yuxin , Chen Jiawei , Yu Huiyang , Shi Chunmei , Jafar Jahanzeb , Chen Rong , Tang Yaping , Lu Yongen , Ye Zhibiao , Li Ying , Ouyang Bo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Plant height is an important target trait for crop genetic improvement. Our previous work has identified a salt-tolerant C2H2 zinc finger, SlZF3, and its overexpression lines also showed a semi-dwarf phenotype, but the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we characterized the dwarf phenotype in detail. The dwarfism is caused by a decrease in stem internode cell elongation and deficiency of bioactive gibberellic acids (GAs), and can be rescued by exogenous GA3 treatment. Gene expression assays detected reduced expression of genes in the GA biosynthesis pathway of the overexpression lines, including SlGA20ox4. Several protein–DNA interaction methods confirmed that SlZF3 can directly bind to the SlGA20ox4 promoter and inhibit its expression, and the interaction can also occur for SlKS and SlKO. Overexpression of SlGA20ox4 in the SlZF3-overexpressing line can recover the dwarf phenotype. Therefore, SlZF3 regulates plant height by directly repressing genes in the tomato GA biosynthesis pathway.
Feeding the world: impacts of elevated [CO2] on nutrient content of greenhouse grown fruit crops and options for future yield gains
Authors: Doddrell Nicholas H , Lawson Tracy , Raines Christine A , Wagstaff Carol , Simkin Andrew J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Several long-term studies have provided strong support demonstrating that growing crops under elevated [CO2] can increase photosynthesis and result in an increase in yield, flavour and nutritional content (including but not limited to Vitamins C, E and pro-vitamin A). In the case of tomato, increases in yield by as much as 80% are observed when plants are cultivated at 1000 ppm [CO2], which is consistent with current commercial greenhouse production methods in the tomato fruit industry. These results provide a clear demonstration of the potential for elevating [CO2] for improving yield and quality in greenhouse crops. The major focus of this review is to bring together 50 years of observations evaluating the impact of elevated [CO2] on fruit yield and fruit nutritional quality. In the final section, we consider the need to engineer improvements to photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation to allow plants to take greater advantage of elevated CO2 growth conditions.
Dual functions of PsmiR172b-PsTOE3 module in dormancy release and flowering in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa)
Authors: Zhang Yuxi , Gao Linqiang , Wang Yanyan , Niu Demei , Yuan Yanchao , Liu Chunying , Zhan Xinmei , Gai Shupeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that interact with target genes and are involved in many physiological processes in plants. miR172-AP2 mainly plays a role in the regulation of flowering time and floral organ differentiation. Bud dormancy release is necessary for forcing culture of tree peony in winter, but the mechanism of dormancy regulation is unclear. In this study, we found that a miR172 family member, PsmiR172b, was downregulated during chilling-induced bud dormancy release in tree peony, exhibiting a trend opposite to that of PsTOE3. RNA ligase-mediated (RLM) 5′-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) confirmed that miR172b targeted PsTOE3, and the cleavage site was between bases 12 (T) and 13 (C) within the complementary site to miR172b. The functions of miR172b and PsTOE3 were detected by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and their overexpression in tree peony buds. PsmiR172b negatively regulated bud dormancy release, but PsTOE3 promoted bud dormancy release, and the genes associated with bud dormancy release, including PsEBB1, PsEBB3, PsCYCD, and PsBG6, were upregulated. Further analysis indicated that PsTOE3 directly regulated PsEBB1 by binding to its promoter, and the specific binding site was a C-repeat (ACCGAC). Ectopic expression in Arabidopsis revealed that the PsmiR172b-PsTOE3 module displayed conservative function in regulating flowering. In conclusion, our results provided a novel insight into the functions of PsmiR172-PsTOE3 and possible molecular mechanism underlying bud dormancy release in tree peony.
Nonoverlapping spectral additive Schwarz methods for hybrid discontinuous Galerkin discretizations
Authors: Yu Yi , Dryja Maksymilian , Sarkis Marcus 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This paper develops exact, inexact and some new variants of nonoverlapping spectral additive Schwarz (NOSAS) methods for hybrid discontinuous Galerkin discretizations. The NOSAS are nonoverlapping preconditioners designed for elliptic problems with highly heterogeneous coefficients, and the subdomain interactions are via the interface problem. The interface problem has two components, a local one with degrees of freedom on the interface of the subdomains and a global one based on a few generalized eigenvectors. These generalized eigenvectors are selected to guarantee the robustness of the NOSAS with respect to heterogeneous diffusion coefficients and the number of subdomains. A unique feature of NOSAS is that the corresponding generalized eigenvalue problems are obtained from the Neumann matrix of the nonoverlapping subdomain separately. Additionally, the number of these few generalized eigenvectors can be characterized by the geometry of the coefficients for the case of two coefficients with high contrast. We prove that the condition number of the NOSAS does not depend on the coefficients. With a specific choice of the threshold for selecting these few eigenvalues, we can recover similar convergence rates as we would have obtained for constant coefficients.
Irrationality of Generic Quotient Varieties via Bogomolov Multipliers
Authors: Jezernik Urban , Sánchez Jonatan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Bogomolov multiplier of a group is the unramified Brauer group associated with the quotient variety of a faithful representation of the group. This object is an obstruction for the quotient variety to be stably rational. The purpose of this paper is to study these multipliers associated with nilpotent pro-$p$ groups by transporting them to their associated Lie algebras. Special focus is set on the case of $p$-adic Lie groups of nilpotency class $2$, where we analyse the moduli space. This is then applied to give information on asymptotic behaviour of multipliers of finite images of such groups of exponent $p$. We show that with fixed $n$ and increasing $p$, a positive proportion of these groups of order $p^n$ have trivial multipliers. On the other hand, we show that by fixing $p$ and increasing $n$, log-generic groups of order $p^n$ have non-trivial multipliers. Whence quotient varieties of faithful representations of log-generic $p$-groups are not stably rational, applications in non-commutative Iwasawa theory are developed.
Beauty, Anger, and Artistic Activism
Authors: Carrasco Barranco Matilde 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The rejection of beauty from a political standpoint is a significant part of the legacy of avant-gardism in contemporary art. In particular, Arthur Danto signaled that artistic activism should avoid beauty simply because beauty induces the wrong perspective on whatever it is desired to have an impact upon. While artistic beauty’s tendency would be to heal, he claimed, political protest needs anger as its trigger. This article challenges such an argument that opposes beauty’s emotional effects on political action by examining the complex nature of both beauty and anger. I contest a mere contemplative view of beauty and, using Carolyn Korsmeyer’s account of “terrible beauties,” bound up with discomforting emotions, I defend that beauty can be compatible with anger albeit, in order to be politically truly effective, anger must move from the wish to punish toward more productive forward-looking thoughts. Though often being necessary as a source of motivation to fight for justice, I believe, with Martha Nussbaum and Myisha Cherry, that anger is truly politically effective and keeps its noble side when detached from revenge and directed by hope, a value related to beauty.
Zeolite-encaged mononuclear copper centers catalyze CO2 selective hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Chai Yuchao , Qin Bin , Li Bonan , Dai Weili , Wu Guangjun , Guan Naijia , Li Landong 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol by renewable hydrogen source represents an attractive route for CO2 recycling and is carbon neutral. Stable catalysts with high activity and methanol selectivity are being vigorously pursued, and current debates on the active site and reaction pathway need to be clarified. Here, we report a design of faujasite-encaged mononuclear Cu centers, namely Cu@FAU, for this challenging reaction. Stable methanol space-time-yield (STY) of 12.8 mmol gcat-1 h-1 and methanol selectivity of 89.5% are simultaneously achieved at a relatively low reaction temperature of 513 K, making Cu@FAU a potential methanol synthesis catalyst from CO2 hydrogenation. With zeolite-encaged mononuclear Cu centers as the destined active sites, the unique reaction pathway of stepwise CO2 hydrogenation over Cu@FAU is illustrated. This work provides a clear example of catalytic reaction with explicit structure-activity relationship and highlights the power of zeolite catalysis in complex chemical transformations.
Low Kirtland’s Warbler fledgling survival in Wisconsin plantations relative to Michigan plantations
Authors: Olah Ashley , Ribic Christine A , Grveles Kim , Warner Sarah , Lopez Davin , Pidgeon Anna M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Kirtland’s Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) is a formerly endangered habitat specialist that breeds mainly in young jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests in northern Lower Michigan, USA. The species is conservation-reliant and depends on habitat management. Management actions have primarily focused on creating jack pine plantations, but the species also breeds in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations in central Wisconsin, USA. However, the plantations were not intended as breeding habitat and have suboptimal pine densities. While nesting success is similar between low-density red pine plantations and optimal jack pine habitat, it is not clear if low-density red pine plantations support high fledging survival. If high-quality nesting and post-fledging habitat are not synonymous, fledgling survival and breeding population recruitment may be low. We characterized survival, habitat use, and movement patterns of dependent Kirtland’s Warbler fledglings in Wisconsin red pine plantations and compared fledgling survival between Wisconsin and Michigan. Mayfield cumulative survival estimates at 30 days post-fledging were 0.20 for Wisconsin fledglings and 0.43–0.78 for Michigan fledglings. Logistic exposure cumulative survival estimates for Wisconsin fledglings were 0.23–0.34 at 30 days post-fledging. Fledglings in Wisconsin used areas where vegetation cover and density of red and jack pine were high relative to available areas but not at greater proportions than what was available. Our findings demonstrate that red pine plantations with low pine densities were not equally suitable as nesting and post-fledging habitat, as fledgling survival rates were low. We hypothesize that reduced habitat structure, and not particular pine species, likely contributed to reduced fledgling survival in Wisconsin. Thus, we recommend including red pine as a component in managed Kirtland’s Warbler habitat only if tree densities approach optimal levels.
Dexamethasone mitigates remdesivir-induced liver toxicity in human primary hepatocytes and COVID-19 patients
Authors: Liu Kaiyan , Stern Sydney , Heil Emily L. , Li Linhao , Khairi Rula , Heyward Scott , Wang Hongbing 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that has caused more than 600 million cases and over six million deaths worldwide. Despite the availability of vaccination, COVID-19 cases continue to grow making pharmacological interventions essential. Remdesivir (RDV) is an FDA-approved antiviral drug for treatment of both hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, albeit with potential for hepatotoxicity. This study characterizes the hepatotoxicity of RDV and its interaction with dexamethasone (DEX), a corticosteroid often co-administered with RDV for inpatient treatment of COVID-19.

Methods:
Human primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells were used as in vitro models for toxicity and drug-drug interaction studies. Real-world data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients were analyzed for drug-induced elevation of serum ALT and AST.

Results:
In cultured hepatocytes, RDV markedly reduced the hepatocyte viability and albumin synthesis, while it increased the cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3, phosphorylation of histone H2AX, and release of ALT and AST in a concentration-dependent manner. Importantly, co-treatment with DEX partially reversed RDV-induced cytotoxic responses in human hepatocytes. Moreover, data from COVID-19 patients treated with RDV with and without DEX co-treatment suggested that among 1037 patients matched by propensity score, receiving the drug combination was less likely to result in elevation of serum AST and ALT levels (≥ 3 × ULN) compared to the RDV alone treated patients (OR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.22–0.92, p = 0.03).

Conclusion:
Our findings obtained from in vitro cell-based experiments and patient data analysis provide evidence suggesting combination of DEX and RDV holds the potential to reduce the likelihood of RDV-induced liver injury in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Prediction model of the horizontal trabecular iris angle after phakic posterior chamber implantable intraocular lens surgery
Authors: Sánchez-Trancón Angel , Manito Santiago Cerpa , Sierra Oscar Torrado , Baptista António Manuel , Serra Pedro Miguel 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To determine the predictors of the postoperative horizontal trabecular iris angle (TIA750) after phakic posterior chamber implantable intraocular lens (IOL) surgery.

Setting:
Ophthalmology Clinic Vista Sánchez Trancón, Badajoz, Spain.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
330 eyes implanted with spherical/toric implantable collamer lens (ICL) were included in this study. From 230 eyes implanted with 13.2 mm ICL, these were divided in modeling (n = 180) and evaluation group (n = 50). Two groups implanted with 12.6 mm and 13.7 mm (n = 50 each) were also used as evaluation. Anterior-segment optical coherence tomography was used preoperatively to perform anterior chamber biometry (angle-to-angle [ATA] distance, crystalline lens rise, anterior chamber depth [ACD], cornea sagittal depth, pupil diameter, nasal/temporal TIA750); postoperatively for measuring the vault, pupil diameter and nasal/temporal TIA750. Corneal curvature and horizontal visible iris diameter were measured using optical tomography. Bivariate correlation analysis was used to determine associations between preoperative and postoperative horizontal TIA750 with anterior chamber biometry, ICL-related parameters and age. Finally, a multivariate linear regression model was constructed for predicting the postoperative TIA750.

Results:
Horizontal TIA750 reduced from 42.9 ± 8.0 degrees preoperatively to 24.4 ± 5.6 degrees postoperatively. Postoperative TIA750 was positively correlated with the preoperative TIA750, cornea sagittal depth and ACD, and negatively associated with the vault. The main predictors of the postoperative TIA750 were the preoperative parameters, TIA750, ICLsize − ATA and pupil diameter (adjusted-R
2 = 0.39). The limits of agreement between predicted and real TIA750 were close to ±10 degrees.

Conclusions:
Implantation of a phakic posterior chamber implantable IOL leads to a reduction in TIA750 and the main factors contributing for this are the preoperative TIA750 aperture and the vault.
Dengue, chikungunya and zika arbovirus infections in Caribbean children
Authors: Christie Celia D.C. , Lue Aileen M. , Melbourne-Chambers Roxanne H. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Dengue, chikungunya and zika have caused significant epidemics in the Caribbean in recent years. This review highlights their impact in Caribbean children.

Recent findings
Dengue has been increasingly intense and severe, seroprevalence is 80–100% in the Caribbean, children have increased attributable morbidity and mortality. Severe dengue, especially dengue with haemorrhage was significantly associated with haemoglobin SC disease and multiple organ-systems involved. These included the gastrointestinal and haematologic systems with extremely high lactate dehydrogenases and creatinine phosphokinases and severely abnormal bleeding indices. Despite appropriate interventions, mortality was highest within the first 48 h of admission. Chikungunya, a togavirus, affected 80% of some Caribbean populations. Paediatric presentations included high fever, skin, joint and neurological manifestations. Children less than 5 years of age had the highest morbidity and mortality. This maiden chikungunya epidemic was explosive and overwhelmed public health systems. Zika, another flavivirus, has a seroprevalence of 15% in pregnancy, so the Caribbean remains susceptible. Paediatric complications include pregnancy losses, stillbirths, Congenital Zika syndrome, Guillain–Barre syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and transverse myelitis. Neurodevelopment stimulation programs for zika-exposed infants have been effective in improving language and positive behaviour scores.

Summary
Caribbean children remain at risk for dengue, chikungunya and zika, with high attributable morbidity and mortality.
EFFECTS OF SARS COVID-19 POSITIVITY STATUS ON VENOUS THROMBOSIS AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM RATES IN TRAUMA PATIENTS
Authors: Kenney Connor L. , Nelson Austin R. , Fahey Ryan A. , Roubik Daniel J. , How Remealle A. , Radowsky Jason S. , Sams Valerie G. , Schauer Steven G. , Rizzo Julie A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction: COVID-19–induced coagulopathy (CIC) can increase the risk of thromboembolism without underlying clotting disorders, even when compared with other respiratory viruses. Trauma has a known association with hypercoagulability. Trauma patients with concurrent COVID-19 infection potentially have an even greater risk of thrombotic events. The purpose of this study was to evaluate venous thromboembolism (VTE) rates in trauma patients with COVID-19. Methods: This study reviewed all adult patients (≥18 years of age) admitted to the Trauma Service from April through November 2020 for a minimum of 48 hours. Patients were grouped based off COVID-19 status and compared for inpatient VTE chemoprophylaxis regimen, thrombotic complications defined as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular accident, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, hospital length of stay, and mortality. Results: A total of 2,907 patients were reviewed and grouped into COVID-19–positive (n = 110) and COVID-19–negative (n = 2,797) groups. There was no difference in terms of receiving deep vein thrombosis chemoprophylaxis or type, but a longer time to initiation in the positive group (P = 0.0012). VTE occurred in 5 (4.55%) positive and 60 (2.15%) negative patients without a significant difference between the groups, as well as no difference in type of VTE observed. Mortality was higher (P = 0.009) in the positive group (10.91%). Positive patients had longer median ICU LOS (P = 0.0012) and total LOS (P < 0.001). Conclusion: There were no increased rates of VTE complications between COVID-19–positive and –negative trauma patients, despite a longer time to initiation of chemoprophylaxis in the COVID-19–positive group. COVID-19–positive patients had increased ICU LOS, total LOS, and mortality, which are likely due to multifactorial causes but primarily related to their underlying COVID-19 infection.
Comprehensive codon usage analyses of the mutations in the Parkin protein leading to Parkinsonism
Authors: Biswas Sima , Ali Ananya , Mort Matthew , Bagchi Angshuman 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases typically occur due to the abnormal behavior of the proteins. One of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases is the Parkinson’s disease. Parkin protein encoded by PARK2 gene is the central player in the central nervous system. Mutations in Parkin lead to the onset of Parkinsonism. In this work, we made an attempt to decipher the codon usage patterns of the amino acid residues in the different domains of Parkin protein. We observed that mutations at the first two codon positions have statistically significant disease associations. This is the first such report that analyzes the correlation between the disease severity of Parkinsonism and its association with the pattern of codon usages.