bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einstellungen zu Straßenprotest und Netzaktivismus
Authors: Villioth Lisa 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungIn den vorangegangenen Kapiteln wurden bereits die Einstellungen der Interview-Partner*innen zu ihren Mitbürger*innen, ihrer eigenen Rolle als Bürger*in, dem Begriff von Mitgliedschaft usw. erläutert. An dieser Stelle folgt nun der explizite Fokus auf die Unterscheidung zwischen Straße und Netz – d. h. zwischen Aktivitäten, die (überwiegend) offline stattfinden und solchen, die (überwiegend) im Netz praktiziert werden. Denn um Motive für die Partizipation an Protestpraktiken einordnen und deuten zu können, müssen neben oben genannten Einstellungen und individuellen Ressourcen auch Einschätzungen berücksichtigt werden, für wie sinn- und wirkungsvoll Straßen- und Netzprotest gehalten werden, welche Vor- und Nachteile die Interview-Partner*innen in den verschiedenen Protestformen sehen und wie sie sich zur Kritik am Clicktivism äußern.
Digital gerahmte Experimentierumgebungen als dynamischer Zugang zu Funktionen
Authors: Digel Susanne , Engelhardt Alex , Roth Jürgen 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungFunktionale Zusammenhänge sind im Mathematikunterricht fast aller Jahrgangsstufen präsent, jedoch gelingt es Lernenden häufig nur unzureichend, tragfähige Vorstellungen zu Funktionen zu entwickeln. Experimente erweisen sich hier als geeignete Unterstützung. Werden sie durch Simulationen digital ergänzt, kann dies Lernende beim Experimentieren entlasten und den funktionalen Zusammenhang in den Vordergrund rücken. Es eröffnet auch eine dynamische Perspektive auf diesen und rückt das Änderungsverhalten der beteiligten Größen (Kovariation), das für Lernende eine besondere Hürde darstellt, stärker in den Fokus. Allerdings erfordert die Kombination von gegenständlichen Materialien und Simulationen gemäß dem Instrumental Approach die Genese zusätzlicher Nutzungsschemata durch Lernende, was kognitive Ressourcen bindet. Je näher die Materialien der mathematischen Tätigkeit stehen, umso effizienter ist diese Genese. Entscheidend für die Frage, ob digital gerahmte Experimente lernwirksamer sind, könnten demnach die dynamische Perspektive sowie die Passung der Materialien sein. Um dem nachzugehen, kontrastiert eine Pre-Post-Interventionsstudie (N = 442) ein Setting mit fokussierter Passung der Materialien, ein Setting mit zusätzlichem inhaltlichen Fokus auf Kovariation und eine Kontrollgruppe ausschließlich mit Simulationen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass allein durch die Kombination aus Simulationen und gegenständlichen Materialien kein Mehrwert für das Verständnis von Funktionen entsteht. Ergänzt um eine dynamische Perspektive und den Fokus auf Kovariation erzielt die Kombination allerdings größere Lernzuwächse.
KI-Labor: Online-Lernumgebungen zur künstlichen Intelligenz
Authors: Mühling Andreas , Bastian Morten 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungKünstliche Intelligenz und speziell auch maschinelles Lernen prägen als Technologie vermehrt unseren Alltag und werfen auch Fragen von gesamtgesellschaftlicher Tragweite auf. Die Thematisierung der Grundlagen dieser Verfahren ist damit auch eine schulische Aufgabe. Eine problemlose Einbettung in den existierenden Fachunterricht erscheint aber aus im Beitrag dargelegten Gründen nicht ohne Weiteres möglich, sodass zunächst eine fachdidaktische Aufbereitung der Themen – speziell auch in Form von Unterrichtsmaterial – erfolgen muss. Der Beitrag stellt dazu drei digitale Lernumgebungen vor, die basierend auf gemeinsamen theoretischen Überlegungen verschiedene Ausgestaltungen für Unterricht zu typischen Themen der künstlichen Intelligenz bzw. des maschinellen Lernens darstellen: Perceptren, künstliche neuronale Netze und Verstärkungslernen. Zentral für alle Umgebungen ist ein Element der interaktiven Exploration von Systemen, diese werden durch stärker oder weniger stark geleitete Bearbeitungswege und Aufgaben ergänzt.
Completely dark matter from rapid-turn multifield inflation
Authors: Kolb Edward W. , Long Andrew J. , McDonough Evan , Payeur Guillaume 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study cosmological gravitational particle production as applied to “rapid-turn” models of inflation involving two scalar fields. We are interested in the production of massive spin-0 particles that only interact gravitationally and provide a candidate for the dark matter. Specifically, we study two models of rapid-turn multifield inflation, motivated in part by the de Sitter swampland conjecture, that are distinguished by the curvature of field space and the presence or absence of field space ‘angular momentum’ conservation. We find that one of these models leads to insufficient particle production and cannot explain the observed dark matter relic abundance. The second model is able to explain the origin of spin-0 dark matter via gravitational production, and we identify the relevant region of parameter space that is consistent with measurements of the dark-matter relic abundance, the dark-matter-photon isocurvature perturbations, and the spectrum of curvature perturbations that is probed by cosmological observations. Our work demonstrates the compatibility of the de Sitter swampland conjecture with completely dark matter.
Scrambling and entangling spinning particles
Authors: Hung Ling-Yan , Ji Kaixin , Wang Tianheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper we revisit the gravitational eikonal amplitudes of two scattering spinning particles and inspect their scrambling power in the spin spaces that is quantified through the tripartite information. We found that in the non-relativistic limit and a special high-energy limit the leading contribution is a quantity that is universal and theory independent. The minimal coupling is singled out with minimal scrambling in a different high momenta limit. We also inspected the initial state dependence of entanglement generation and found that the spin coherent state with vanishing spin may not necessarily be the hardest to entangle. Interestingly, among a family of mixed states, the only P-rep state there known to be the best approximation of classical mixed states was singled out as one with minimal entanglement generated.
Reflected entropy for communicating black holes. Part I. Karch-Randall braneworlds
Authors: Afrasiar Mir , Basak Jaydeep Kumar , Chandra Ashish , Sengupta Gautam 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We obtain the reflected entropy for bipartite mixed state configurations of two adjacent and disjoint intervals at a finite temperature in BCFT2s with two distinct boundaries through a replica technique in the large central charge limit. Subsequently these field theory results are reproduced from bulk computations involving the entanglement wedge cross section in the dual BTZ black hole geometry truncated by two Karch-Randall branes. Our result confirms the holographic duality between the reflected entropy and the bulk entanglement wedge cross section in the context of the AdS3/BCFT2 scenario. We further investigate the critical issue of the holographic Markov gap between the reflected entropy and the mutual information for these configurations from the bulk braneworld geometry and study its variation with subsystem sizes and time.
Recent trends in glycoproteomics by characterization of intact glycopeptides
Authors: Piovesana Susy , Cavaliere Chiara , Cerrato Andrea , Laganà Aldo , Montone Carmela Maria , Capriotti Anna Laura 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis trends article provides an overview of the state of the art in the analysis of intact glycopeptides by proteomics technologies based on LC–MS analysis. A brief description of the main techniques used at the different steps of the analytical workflow is provided, giving special attention to the most recent developments. The topics discussed include the need for dedicated sample preparation for intact glycopeptide purification from complex biological matrices. This section covers the common approaches with a special description of new materials and innovative reversible chemical derivatization strategies, specifically devised for intact glycopeptide analysis or dual enrichment of glycosylation and other post-translational modifications. The approaches are described for the characterization of intact glycopeptide structures by LC–MS and data analysis by bioinformatics for spectra annotation. The last section covers the open challenges in the field of intact glycopeptide analysis. These challenges include the need of a detailed description of the glycopeptide isomerism, the issues with quantitative analysis, and the lack of analytical methods for the large-scale characterization of glycosylation types that remain poorly characterized, such as C-mannosylation and tyrosine O-glycosylation. This bird’s-eye view article provides both a state of the art in the field of intact glycopeptide analysis and open challenges to prompt future research on the topic.
Graphical Abstract
Covariation of the amplitude and latency of motor evoked potentials elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation in a resting hand muscle
Authors: Vallence A. M. , Rurak B. K. , Fujiyama H. , Hammond G. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique used to study human neurophysiology. A single TMS pulse delivered to the primary motor cortex can elicit a motor evoked potential (MEP) in a target muscle. MEP amplitude is a measure of corticospinal excitability and MEP latency is a measure of the time taken for intracortical processing, corticofugal conduction, spinal processing, and neuromuscular transmission. Although MEP amplitude is known to vary across trials with constant stimulus intensity, little is known about MEP latency variation. To investigate MEP amplitude and latency variation at the individual level, we scored single-pulse MEP amplitude and latency in a resting hand muscle from two datasets. MEP latency varied from trial to trial in individual participants with a median range of 3.9 ms. Shorter MEP latencies were associated with larger MEP amplitudes for most individuals (median r = − 0.47), showing that latency and amplitude are jointly determined by the excitability of the corticospinal system when TMS is delivered. TMS delivered during heightened excitability could discharge a greater number of cortico-cortical and corticospinal cells, increasing the amplitude and, by recurrent activation of corticospinal cells, the number of descending indirect waves. An increase in the amplitude and number of indirect waves would progressively recruit larger spinal motor neurons with large-diameter fast-conducting fibers, which would shorten MEP onset latency and increase MEP amplitude. In addition to MEP amplitude variability, understanding MEP latency variability is important given that these parameters are used to help characterize pathophysiology of movement disorders.
Two Complete Genomes of Male-Killing Wolbachia Infecting Ostrinia Moth Species Illuminate Their Evolutionary Dynamics and Association with Hosts
Authors: Muro Tomohiro , Hikida Hiroyuki , Fujii Takeshi , Kiuchi Takashi , Katsuma Susumu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWolbachia is an extremely widespread intracellular symbiont which causes reproductive manipulation on various arthropod hosts. Male progenies are killed in Wolbachia-infected lineages of the Japanese Ostrinia moth population. While the mechanism of male killing and the evolutionary interaction between host and symbiont are significant concerns for this system, the absence of Wolbachia genomic information has limited approaches to these issues. We determined the complete genome sequences of wFur and wSca, the male-killing Wolbachia of Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia scapulalis. The two genomes shared an extremely high degree of homology, with over 95% of the predicted protein sequences being identical. A comparison of these two genomes revealed nearly minimal genome evolution, with a strong emphasis on the frequent genome rearrangements and the rapid evolution of ankyrin repeat-containing proteins. Additionally, we determined the mitochondrial genomes of both species’ infected lineages and performed phylogenetic analyses to deduce the evolutionary dynamics of Wolbachia infection in the Ostrinia clade. According to the inferred phylogenetic relationship, two possible scenarios were proposed: (1) Wolbachia infection was established in the Ostrinia clade prior to the speciation of related species such as O. furnacalis and O. scapulalis, or (2) Wolbachia infection in these species was introgressively transferred from a currently unidentified relative. Simultaneously, the relatively high homology of mitochondrial genomes suggested recent Wolbachia introgression between infected Ostrinia species. The findings of this study collectively shed light on the host-symbiont interaction from an evolutionary standpoint.
Improving Quality Metrics with a Day‐only Skin Abscess Protocol: Experience from Australia
Authors: Li Crystal , Nguyen Peter , Garg Parul , Pham Helen , Hitos Kerry , Pang Tony 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSkin abscesses are a common emergency presentation often requiring incision and drainage; however, issues with theatre access lead to delays in management and high costs. The long‐term impact in a tertiary centre of a standardised day‐only protocol is unknown. The aim was to evaluate the impact of day‐only skin abscess protocol (DOSAP) for emergency surgery of skin abscesses in a tertiary institution in Australia and to provide a blueprint for other institutions.MethodsA retrospective cohort study analysed several time periods: Period A (July 2014 to 2015, n = 201) pre‐DOSAP implementation, Period B (July 2016 to 2017, n = 259) post‐DOSAP, and Period C (July 2018 to 2022, n = 1,625) prospectively analysed four 12‐month periods to assess long‐term utilisation of DOSAP. Primary outcomes were length of stay and delay to theatre. Secondary outcome measures included theatre start time, representation rates and total costs. Statistical analysis using nonparametric methods was used to analyse the data.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in ward length of stay (1.25 days vs. 0.65 days, P < 0.0001), delay to theatre (0.81 days vs. 0.44 days, P < 0.0001) and theatre start time before 10AM (44 cases vs. 96 cases, P < 0.0001) after implementation of DOSAP. There was a significant decrease in median cost of admission of $711.74 after accounting for inflation. Period C reported 1,006 abscess presentations successfully managed by DOSAP over the four‐year period.ConclusionOur study demonstrates the successful implementation of DOSAP in an Australian tertiary centre. The ongoing utilisation of the protocol demonstrates the ease of applicability.
Flow development and leading edge vorticity in bristled insect wings
Authors: O’Callaghan Felicity , Lehmann Fritz-Olaf 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Small flying insects such as the tiny thrip Gynaikothrips ficorum have wings with bristles attached to a solid shaft instead of solid membranes. Air passing through the bristle fringe, however, makes bristled insect wings less effective for aerodynamic force production. In this study, we quantified the ability of bristled wings to generate a leading edge vortex (LEV) for lift support during wing flapping, scored its circulation during wing translation, and investigated its behaviour at the stroke reversals. The data were measured in robotic model wings flapping with a generic kinematic pattern at Reynolds number of ~ 3.4, while applying two-dimensional particle image velocimetry. We found that aerodynamic performance due to LEV circulation linearly decreases with increasing bristle spacing. The wings of Gynaikothrips ficorum might thus produce approximately 9% less aerodynamic force for flight than a solid membranous wing. At the stroke reversals, leading and trailing edge vortices dissipate quickly within no more than ~ 2% of the stroke cycle duration. This elevated dissipation makes vortex shedding obsolete during the reversals and allows a quick build-up of counter-vorticity when the wing reverses flapping direction. In sum, our findings highlight the flow conditions associated with bristled wing design in insects and are thus significant for assessing biological fitness and dispersal of insects flying in a viscosity-dominated fluid regime.
Can global warming bring more dust?
Authors: Zhou Yumeng , Wu Tongwen , Zhou Yang , Zhang Jie , Zhang Fang , Su Xiaole , Jie Weihua , Zhao He , Zhang Yanwu , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the late twentieth century, global mean surface air temperature especially on land is continuously warming. Our analyses show that the global mean of dust increased since 1980, using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis version 2 for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) reanalysis data. This variation of global dust is mainly contributed by the dust increase outside of dust core areas (i.e. high dust mass concentration region). The causes to result in global dust variations are explored. In dust core areas, surface wind is the primary driving factor for surface dust, both of which show no remarkable trends of increase or decrease since 1980. In areas outside of the core areas, especially in arid and semi-arid areas in North and Middle Asia, surface air temperature warming is the primary impact factor causing the dust increase. An increase in surface air temperature is accompanied by enhancement of atmospheric instability which can trigger more upward motion and bring more dust. All 9 Earth System Models (ESMs) for the Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP) reproduce the reasonable spatial distribution and seasonal cycle of dust in the present day. But only a few models such as BCC-ESM1 and GFDL-ESM4 simulate the increasing trend of dust similar to MERRA-2. While the primary impact of wind in dust core areas, and surface temperature outside of the core areas, especially in middle to high latitudes in Eurasian continent, are presented in most ESMs.
Age prediction in sub-adults based on MRI segmentation of 3rd molar tissue volumes
Authors: Bjørk Mai Britt , Kvaal Sigrid Ingeborg , Bleka Øyvind , Sakinis Tomas , Tuvnes Frode Alexander , Haugland Mari-Ann , Lauritzen Peter Mæhre , Eggesbø Heidi Beate 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Our aim was to investigate tissue volumes measured by MRI segmentation of the entire 3rd molar for prediction of a sub-adult being older than 18 years.

Material and method
We used a 1.5-T MR scanner with a customized high-resolution single T2 sequence acquisition with 0.37 mm iso-voxels. Two dental cotton rolls drawn with water stabilized the bite and delineated teeth from oral air. Segmentation of the different tooth tissue volumes was performed using SliceOmatic (Tomovision©). Linear regression was used to analyze the association between mathematical transformation outcomes of the tissue volumes, age, and sex. Performance of different transformation outcomes and tooth combinations were assessed based on the p value of the age variable, combined or separated for each sex depending on the selected model. The predictive probability of being older than 18 years was obtained by a Bayesian approach.

Results
We included 67 volunteers (F/M: 45/22), range 14–24 years, median age 18 years. The transformation outcome (pulp + predentine)/total volume for upper 3rd molars had the strongest association with age (p = 3.4 × 10−9).

Conclusion
MRI segmentation of tooth tissue volumes might prove useful in the prediction of age older than 18 years in sub-adults.
Are the [6]-coordinated sites in tourmaline in certain cases partially vacant?
Authors: Ertl Andreas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTourmaline has two different [6]-coordinated sites, the Y site and the Z site. Vacancies were reported from both sites. Based on high-quality chemical and single-crystal structural data it usually needs increasing proportions of short-range order configurations Na(Al2□)Al6(BO3)3[Si6O18]V(OH)3W(OH) or Na(Al2□)Al6(BO3)3[Si6O18]V(OH)3WF in order to produce Y-site vacancies (with □ being the symbol for a vacant site). Less commonly, the short-range configuration Ca(Al2□)Al6(BO3)3[Si5T3+O18]V(OH)3W(OH) could occur in Al-rich tourmalines with a Si deficiency, where T3+  = B, Al. Therefore, tourmalines enriched in cations with charge 2 + (Fe2+, Mn2+, Mg) contain only insignificant Y-site vacancies. Aluminum-rich tourmalines with ≥ 7.0 apfu Altotal that usually contain ≥ 0.2 apfu Li may have significant vacancies at the Y site. However, no more than 12% vacancies (0.36 pfu) at the Y site can be observed in such samples. If no chemical data for Li is available it is proposed to calculate the Li content in such colourless or coloured tourmalines (elbaite, fluor-elbaite, fluor-liddicoatite, rossmanite) for Y = 2.8 apfu or for Y + Z + T = 14.8 apfu, because this calculation should give more accurate results than calculating the Li content as the difference to 3.0 apfu at the Y site. For Fe2+-rich and Mg-bearing tourmalines from the schorl-dravite series with MgO > 1.0 wt% (and only minor amounts of Fe3+, Cr3+ and V3+) the structural formula can still be calculated for Y + Z + T = 15 apfu, because such tourmalines do not appear to contain significant Y-site vacancies. It can further be concluded that the Z site could be only ≤ 1% vacant and therefore such vacancies would be insignificant even in Al-rich tourmaline.
Onset of periodontitis — a registry-based cohort study
Authors: Trullenque-Eriksson Anna , Derks Jan , Andersson Jessica Skoogh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The present retrospective registry-based cohort study aimed to identify parameters associated with the onset of periodontitis in young adults.

Material and methods
A total of 345 Swedish subjects were clinically examined at age 19 years (as part of an epidemiological survey) and then followed up to 31 years through the Swedish Quality Registry for Caries and Periodontal diseases (SKaPa). The registry data including periodontal parameters were obtained for the period 2010–2018 (23–31 years). Logistic regression and survival models were used to identify risk factors for periodontitis (PPD ≥6 mm at ≥2 teeth).

Results
The incidence of periodontitis during the 12-year observation period was 9.8%. Cigarette smoking (modified pack-years; HR 2.35, 95%CI 1.34–4.13) and increased probing pocket depth (number of sites with PPD 4–5 mm; HR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.07) at 19 years were risk factors for periodontitis in subsequent young adulthood. No statistically significant association was identified for gender, snuff use, plaque and marginal bleeding scores.

Conclusion
Cigarette smoking and increased probing pocket depth (≥4 mm) in late adolescence (19 years) were relevant risk factors for periodontitis in young adulthood.

Clinical relevance
Our study identified cigarette smoking and increased probing depth in late adolescence as relevant risk factors of periodontitis in young adulthood. Preventive programs should therefore consider both cigarette smoking and probing pocket depths in their risk assessment.