bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Sclerosis, Fatigue, Expanded Disability Status Scale: A Cross-Sectional Exploration of Sleep Efficiency and Quantitative Sleep Parameters
Authors: Queisi Munther , Attarian Hrayr , Cipriani Veronica P. , Azzi Saria , Kaczmarek Olivia , Bumstead Barbara , Buhse Marijean , Zarif Myassar , Golan Daniel , Wilken Jeffrey , Covey Thomas , Gudesblatt Mark 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
Poor sleep quality and sleep disorders are more prevalent in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the general population. Poor sleep has been correlated with worse MS outcomes. Sleep efficiency (SE) is one of the most sensitive markers of sleep quality. There is very little written about SE and other polysomnography (PSG) parameters and MS measures.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective review of 280 consecutive individuals with MS evaluated by PSGs and other standardized MS measures over 13 years at a comprehensive MS center. In addition, the cohort was assessed with 2 fatigue scales, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Expanded Disability Status Scale. A comparison of means test (independent t test) and a correlation coefficient (r) were used.

RESULTS:
The PSG measures of SE and Total Sleep Time were significantly different between a group of individuals with MS with a disease duration of more than 5 years vs a group of individuals with MS with a disease duration less than or equal to 5 years. Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea was 63%, higher than reported in the literature while the prevalence of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea was 33.4%, which was lower than reported.

CONCLUSIONS:
Longer disease duration and worse disability correlate with sleep quality as measured by SE.
American Podiatric Surgeons’ Postoperative Multimodal Analgesic-Prescribing Practice: A 2019–2020 National Survey
Authors: Brooks Brandon M. , Bratches Reed W. R. , Nettles Ashley M. , Fleischer Adam E. , Brooks Bradley M. , Albright Rachel H. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Surgery is a common setting for opioid-naive patients to first be exposed to opioids. Understanding the multimodal analgesic-prescribing habits of podiatric surgeons in the United States may be helpful to refining prescribing protocols. The purpose of this benchmark study was to identify whether certain demographic characteristics of podiatric surgeons were associated with their postoperative multimodal analgesic-prescribing practices.
Methods: We administered a scenario-based, voluntary, anonymous, online questionnaire that consisted of patient scenarios with a unique podiatric surgery followed by a demographics section. We developed multiple logistic regression models to identify associations between prescriber characteristics and the odds of supplementing with a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, regional nerve block, and anticonvulsant agent for each scenario. We developed multiple linear regression models to identify the association of multimodal analgesic-prescribing habits and the opioid dosage units prescribed at the time of surgery.
Results: Eight hundred sixty podiatric surgeons completed the survey. Years in practice was a statistically significant variable in multiple scenarios. Compared with those in practice for more than 15 years, podiatric surgeons in practice 5 years or less had increased odds of reporting supplementation with an anticonvulsant agent in scenarios 1 (odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–5.18; P = .03), 3 (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.55–5.68; P = .001), 4 (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.56–4.12; P < .001), and 5 (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.29–3.32; P = .003).
Conclusions: Podiatric surgeons with fewer years in practice had increased odds of supplementing with an anticonvulsant. Approximately one-third of podiatric surgeons reported using some form of a nonopioid analgesic and an opioid in every scenario. The use of multimodal analgesics was associated with a reduction in the number of opioid dosage units prescribed at the time of surgery and may be a reasonable adjunct to current protocols.
Opportunities for Savings in Risk Arrangements for Oncologic Care
Authors: Landon Bruce E. , Lam Miranda B. , Landrum Mary Beth , McWilliams J. Michael , Meneades Laurie , Wright Alexi A. , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceAs the US accelerates adoption of alternative payment through global payment models such as Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) or Medicare Advantage (MA), high spending for cancer care is a potential target for savings.ObjectiveTo quantify the extent to which ACOs and other risk-bearing organizations operating in a specific geographic area (hospital referral region [HRR]) could achieve savings by steering patients to efficient medical oncology practices.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis observational study included serial cross-sections of Medicare beneficiaries with cancer from 2010 to 2018. Data were analyzed from August 2021 to March 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTotal spending and spending by category in the 1-year period following an index visit for a patient with newly diagnosed (incident) or poor-prognosis cancer.ResultsThe incident cohort included 1 309 825 patients with a mean age of 74.0 years; the most common cancer types were breast (21.4%), lung (16.7%), and colorectal cancer (10.0%). The poor prognosis cohort included 1 429 973 (mean age, 72.7 years); the most common cancer types were lung (26.6%), lymphoma (11.7%), and leukemia (7.3%). Options for steering varied across markets; the top quartile market had 10 or more oncology practices, but the bottom quartile had 3 or fewer oncology practices. Total spending (including Medicare Part D) in the incident cohort increased from a mean of $57 314 in 2009 to 2010 to $66 028 in 2016 to 2017. Within markets, total spending for practices in the highest spending quartile was 19% higher than in the lowest quartile. Hospital spending was the single largest component of spending in both time periods ($20 390 and $19 718, respectively) followed by Part B (infused) chemotherapy ($8022 and $11 699). Correlations in practice-level spending between the first-year (2009) and second-year (2010) spending were high (&amp;gt;0.90 in all categories with most &amp;gt;0.98), but these attenuated over time.Conclusions and RelevanceThese results suggest there may be opportunities for ACOs and other risk-bearing organizations to select or drive referrals to lower-spending oncology practices in many local markets.
Travel Time and Distance and Participation in Precision Oncology Trials at the National Cancer Center Hospital
Authors: Uehara Yuji , Koyama Takafumi , Katsuya Yuki , Sato Jun , Sudo Kazuki , Kondo Shunsuke , Yoshida Tatsuya , Shoji Hirokazu , Shimoi Tatsunori , Yonemori Kan , Yamamoto Noboru 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceGenotype-matched trials, which are becoming increasingly important in the precision oncology era, require referrals from institutions providing comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) testing to those conducting these trials, and the travel burden for trial participation is significant. However, it remains unknown whether travel time or distance are associated with genotype-matched trial participation.ObjectiveTo assess whether travel time or distance are associated with disparities in genotype-matched trial participation following CGP testing.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study from June 2020 to June 2022 included patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors referred to the National Cancer Center Hospital for participation in genotype-matched trials following CGP testing and discussion by molecular tumor boards. Data were analyzed from June to October 2022.ExposuresTravel time and distance.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary and secondary outcomes were enrollment in genotype-matched trials and all-cancer clinical trials, respectively.ResultsOf 1127 patients (mean [range] age, 62 [16-85] years; 584 women [52%]; all residents of Japan), 127 (11%) and 241 (21%) were enrolled in genotype-matched trials and all-cancer clinical trials, respectively. The overall median (IQR) travel distance and time were 38 (21-107) km and 55 (35-110) minutes, respectively. On multivariable regression with 23 covariates, travel distance (≥100 km vs &amp;lt;100 km) was not associated with the likelihood of genotype-matched trial participation (26 of 310 patients [8%] vs 101 of 807 patients [12%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40-1.02), whereas in patients with travel time of 120 minutes or more, the likelihood of genotype-matched trial participation was significantly lower than those with travel time less than 120 minutes (19 of 276 patients [7%] vs 108 of 851 patients [13%]; OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.84). The likelihood of genotype-matched trial participation decreased as travel time increased from less than 40 (38 of 283 patients [13%]) to 40 to 120 (70 of 568 patients [12%]) and 120 or more (19 of 276 patients [7%]) minutes (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.48-1.17; OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.22-0.74, respectively). Neither travel time nor distance were associated with the likelihood of all-cancer clinical trial participation.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients undergoing CGP testing, an increased travel time was associated with a decreased likelihood of genotype-matched trial participation. This warrants further research on interventions, such as decentralization of clinical trials to mitigate travel burden.
Neoclassical Word Formation
Authors: Melloni Chiara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

This is a survey entry on neoclassical word formation, which is the creation of new lexemes with Ancient Greek or Latin elements. Neoclassical word formation does not only combine formatives of classical origin (e.g.
hydrophobic
) but may also involve native words (e.g.
hydrofoil, webology
). Despite being borrowings from the classical languages, neoclassical formatives (e.g.
hydr
‐,
‐(o)logy
, etc.) are productively deployed across modern European languages for the formation of new words, returning a shared vocabulary stock composed of so‐called ‘internationalisms’. They typically occur in technical and scientific registers, but many are words of common use (e.g.
homicide
,
thermometer
,
telephone
,
philosophy
, etc.). Since it combines stems with a lexemic value, neoclassical word formation is usually identified as a type of compounding, with exogenous properties that may differ radically from native compounds. Moreover, several other phenomena like shortening, clipping, blends and forms of derivation are attested in languages, like English, where neoclassical word formation is productive. The entry is organized as follows: after the introduction, Section 2 illustrates some historical facts of neoclassical lexemes, showing how borrowings from the classical languages have evolved into creative patterns across European languages; Section 3 overviews the heated debate that neoclassical formatives have provoked, especially because of their mixed properties and the heterogenous character of the class; Section 4 delves into word‐formation phenomena characterized as neoclassical, ranging from compounding to derivation, including shortening, clipping and secretion; Section 5 deals with theoretical issues of productivity and language‐specific morphological trends in the domain of neoclassical word formation; Section 6 summarizes and discusses relevant theoretical threads revolving around the notion of prototype, and the usefulness of prototype theory in neoclassical word formation.
Identifying lupus Patient Subsets Through Immune Cell Deconvolution of Gene Expression Data in Two Atacicept Phase II Studies
Authors: Studham Matthew , Vazquez‐Mateo Cristina , Samy Eileen , Haselmayer Philipp , Aydemir Aida , Rolfe P. Alexander , Merrill Joan T. , Morand Eric F. , DeMartino Julie , Kao Amy , Townsend Robert 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo use cell‐based gene signatures to identify patients with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) in the phase II/III APRIL–SLE and phase IIb ADDRESS II trials most likely to respond to atacicept.MethodsA published immune cell deconvolution algorithm based on Affymetrix gene array data was applied to whole blood gene expression from patients entering APRIL‐SLE. Five distinct patient clusters were identified. Patient characteristics, biomarkers, and clinical response to atacicept were assessed per cluster. A modified immune cell deconvolution algorithm was developed based on RNA sequencing data and applied to ADDRESS II data to identify similar patient clusters and their responses.ResultsPatients in APRIL‐SLE (N = 105) were segregated into the following five clusters (P1‐5) characterized by dominant cell subset signatures: high neutrophils, T helper cells and natural killer (NK) cells (P1), high plasma cells and activated NK cells (P2), high B cells and neutrophils (P3), high B cells and low neutrophils (P4), or high activated dendritic cells, activated NK cells, and neutrophils (P5). Placebo‐ and atacicept‐treated patients in clusters P2,4,5 had markedly higher British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) A/B flare rates than those in clusters P1,3, with a greater treatment effect of atacicept on lowering flares in clusters P2,4,5. In ADDRESS II, placebo‐treated patients from P2,4,5 were less likely to be SLE Responder Index (SRI)‐4, SRI‐6, and BILAG‐Based Combined Lupus Assessment responders than those in P1,3; the response proportions again suggested lower placebo effect and a greater treatment differential for atacicept in P2,4,5.ConclusionThis exploratory analysis indicates larger differences between placebo‐ and atacicept‐treated patients with SLE in a molecularly defined patient subset.
Learning‐Effective Mixed‐Dimensional Halide Perovskite QD Synaptic Array for Self‐Rectifying and Luminous Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Park Young Ran , Wang Gunuk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA mixed‐dimensional heterostructure comprising nanomaterials with varying dimensions provides a promising structure for an artificial synapse for reconfigurable neuromorphic functions. In this study, an 8 × 8 memristor crossbar array based on a mixed‐dimensional heterostructure comprising Cs1−xFAxPbBr3(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.15) quantum dots (QDs) and different dimensional interfacial nanomaterial layers between the Al and ITO electrodes is designed and fabricated. This array device exhibits a high yield and reliable self‐rectifying analog switching characteristics with low synaptic‐coupling (SC, up to 5.19 × 10−5) and light emission, facilitating stimuli response visualization and preventing undesired pathways in the network array. Furthermore, because the formamidinium (FA) concentration alters the QD size, thereby engineering interfacial band alignment in the heterostructure, the essential synaptic properties such as dynamic range, SC, and nonlinearity can be improved. Especially, asxincreases from 0 to 0.11, the recognition accuracy for the MNIST patterns increases significantly, from 68.97% to 89.08%, even for single‐layer ANNs. The energy consumption required for a specific accuracy level is reduced by a factor of 25.15. The utilization of mixed‐dimensional perovskite QD‐based heterostructures in neural networks may provide desirable neuromorphic electronic functions with enhanced learning capability and energy efficiency, while preventing unwanted neural signals.
In‐Built Polaronic States Self‐Regulation for Boosting Potassium‐Ion Diffusion Kinetics
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyun , Qi Jing , Zhou Dan , Li Tao , Wu Tianli , Yang Wenlong , Xu Ying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPotassium ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted enormous attention due to their low cost and high abundance of potassium resources. Here, self‐hybridized BiOBr0.5I0.5 with a flower‐like structure composed of 2D nanosheets is assembled and used as PIBs anode. According to the systematic theoretical calculations, the unbalanced charge distribution between Br and I atoms induces an intensified internal electric field and a wide van der Waals gap; while the decreasing of electron polarons caused by the hybridized structure improves the stability and electronic conductivity of the system. Moreover, the K+ ion uptake induces an energetic evolution in polaronic states in the BiOBr0.5I0.5 crystal skeleton, whereby the dynamic K+ ion‐halogen atoms correlation in situ forms hole‐like polarons, which substantially promotes K+ ion diffusion kinetics and the corresponding reaction kinetics during charge/discharge processes, imparting significant implications for the design of high‐performance energy storage electrode materials by engineering the interface interaction and electronic structure. Therefore, with this atomic orbital self‐hybridized structure, the K+ ion diffusion kinetics and the corresponding reaction kinetics during the charge/discharge process are both enhanced remarkably, thus enabling a high electrochemical performance of 155 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 over 4000 cycles in PIBs with the BiOBr0.5I0.5 as the anode.
High‐Strength, High‐Barrier Bio‐Based Polyester Nanocomposite Films by Binary Multiscale Boron Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Ding Jiheng , Zhao Hongran , Shi Shuo , Su Jing , Chu Qinchao , Wang Hao , Fang Bin , Miah Mohammad Raza , Wang Jinggang , Zhu Jin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOwing to the inferior dispersibility of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and weak interfacial interaction with the matrix, the performance of BNNS‐based composites is usually far below theoretically predicted values. Here, binary multiscale BNNSs (LDH‐BNNSs) fillers are synthesized through in situ growth of layered double hydroxide (LDH) on the BNNSs’ surfaces. LDH‐BNNSs with a multiple mosaic interface show superior dispersion of nanosheets in matrix and extraordinary filler‐matrix bonding. Density functional theory simulations reveal the stable dispersion mechanism of LDH‐BNNSs. Moreover, the bio‐based poly(ethylene furandicarboxylate) composites with 0.2 wt% LDH‐BNNSs loading exhibit simultaneous improvements in tensile strength (≈140 MPa), Young's modulus (≈6.5 GPa), toughness (≈2.0 MJ m−3), and gas barrier properties. Regulation of the interfacial structures of binary multiscale BNNSs significantly increases the filler utilization of the nanosheets, leading to extraordinary stress transfer efficiency and a physical shielding effect. Therefore, this simple, efficient, and novel strategy has promised in enhancing composite performance, and it provides a novel way to develop strong, tough, and high‐barrier bio‐based polyester composites.
Regulating Size and Charge of Liposomes in Microneedles to Enhance Intracellular Drug Delivery Efficiency in Skin for Psoriasis Therapy
Authors: Qu Fei , Sun Yufeng , Bi Duohang , Peng Siyu , Li Min , Liu Hongmei , Zhang Lianbin , Tao Juan , Liu Yijing , Zhu Jintao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe stratum corneum (SC) and cell membrane are two major barriers that hinder the therapeutic outcomes of transdermal drug delivery for the treatment of skin diseases. While microneedles (MNs) can efficiently penetrate the SC to deliver nanomedicines, the optimization of physicochemical properties of nanomedicines in MNs to enhance their in vivo cellular delivery efficiency remains unclear. Here, how the size and surface charge of drug‐loaded liposomes in MNs influence the retention time and cellular delivery in psoriatic skin is systematically investigated. The results indicate that while 100 nm negatively‐charged liposomes in MNs show higher cellular uptake in vitro, 250 and 450 nm liposomes could enhance skin retention and the long‐term in vivo cellular delivery efficiency of drugs. Moreover, 250 nm cationic liposomes with a stronger positive charge show an extraordinarily long skin retention time of 132 h and significantly higher in vivo cellular internalization. In the treatment study, dexamethasone (dex)‐loaded cationic liposomes‐integrated MNs show better therapeutic outcomes than dex‐loaded anionic liposomes‐integrated MNs in a psoriasis‐like animal model. The design principles of liposomes in MN drug delivery systems explored in the study hold the potential for enhancing the therapeutic outcomes of psoriasis and are instrumental for successful translation.
Spatially Programmable Architected Materials Inspired by the Metallurgical Phase Engineering
Authors: Liu Chen , Pham Minh‐Son 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProgrammable architected materials with the capabilities of precisely storing predefined mechanical behaviors and adaptive deformation responses upon external stimulations are desirable to help increase the performance and the organic integration of materials with surrounding environments. Here, a new approach inspired by the physical metallurgical principles is proposed to allow the materials designers to not only enhance the global strength but also precisely tune mechanical properties (such as strength, modulus, and plastic deformation) locally in architected materials to create a new class of intelligent mechanical metamaterials. Such programmable materials not only have high strength and plastic deformation stability but also the ability to regulate the local deformation states and spatially control the internal propagation of deformation. This innovative approach also provides new and effective ways to enhance the adaptivity of the materials thanks to responsive strengths that not only make the materials increasingly stronger but also allow threshold‐based adaptive responses to external loading.
Fabrication of Au‐Decorated Al Nanoconcavities Platform for Augmented SERS
Authors: Dar Gohar Ijaz , Xifre‐Perez Elisabet , Marsal Lluis F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA robust and competitive technology to synthesize arranged high‐density gold nanoparticles on highly uniform Al nanoconcavities substrates is presented. The nanoparticles are formed through sputtering and thermal annealing treatment on Al templates, which are synthesized through particular removal of nanoporous anodic alumina structure with controlled anodization conditions and with phosphoric acid as electrolyte. This scalable fabrication mechanism regulates the particle size, arrangement, shape and interparticle separation across large surface areas, which empowers the optimization of their surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities. 4‐mercaptopyridine is selected as a probe molecule. Analysis reveals that Au‐decorated Al nanoconcavities substrates are highly competitive for the enhancement of Raman signals and could be employed as self‐sustaining nanosensors. By using these templates, a concentration as low as 10−7 M of 4‐mercaptopyridine is easily detected. Finally, the calculated EF factor of 1.1 × 107 confirms the suitability for effective and sensitive SERS detection of the developed substrates.
Living Material with Temperature‐Dependent Light Absorption
Authors: Xiong Lealia L. , Garrett Michael A. , Kornfield Julia A. , Shapiro Mikhail G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEngineered living materials (ELMs) exhibit desirable characteristics of the living component, including growth and repair, and responsiveness to external stimuli. Escherichia coli (E. coli) are a promising constituent of ELMs because they are very tractable to genetic engineering, produce heterologous proteins readily, and grow exponentially. However, seasonal variation in ambient temperature presents a challenge in deploying ELMs outside of a laboratory environment because E. coli growth rate is impaired both below and above 37 °C. Here, a genetic circuit is developed that controls the expression of a light‐absorptive chromophore in response to changes in temperature. It is demonstrated that at temperatures below 36 °C, the engineered E. coli increase in pigmentation, causing an increase in sample temperature and growth rate above non‐pigmented counterparts in a model planar ELM. On the other hand, at above 36 °C, they decrease in pigmentation, protecting the growth compared to bacteria with temperature‐independent high pigmentation. Integrating the temperature‐responsive circuit into an ELM has the potential to improve living material performance by optimizing growth and protein production in the face of seasonal temperature changes.