bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Choosing Wisely audit: Blood gas ordering in the emergency department
Authors: Kumarakurusingham Evan , Yousif Fahad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to reduce unnecessary blood gases to improve patient flow, reduce false positives and reduce unnecessary treatments.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single‐centre audit of 100 patients in June 2022.ResultsThere were approximately 45 blood gases per 100 ED presentations. Following education and poster reminders, a re‐audit was undertaken in October 2022, resulting in a reduction of 33% of blood gases ordered.ConclusionWe have found that many blood gases are ordered for patients who are not critically unwell, and whose disposition was not affected by their result.
Hydro‐economic modeling of managed aquifer recharge in the lower Mississippi
Authors: Ali Ahmed A. , Tran Dat Q. , Kovacs Kent F. , Dahlke Helen E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Mississippi Embayment aquifer is one of the largest alluvial groundwater aquifers in the United States. It is being excessively used, located along the lower Mississippi River covering approximately 202,019 km2 (78,000 square miles). Annual average groundwater depletion in the aquifer has been estimated at 5.18 billion cubic meters (Gm3) (4.2 million acre‐feet) in 1981–2000. However, since 2000, annual groundwater depletion has increased abruptly to 8 Gm3 (2001–2008). In recent years, multi‐state efforts have been initiated to improve the Mississippi Embayment aquifer sustainability. One management strategy of interest for preserving groundwater resources is managed aquifer recharge (MAR). In this study, we evaluate the impact of different MAR scenarios on land and water use decisions and the overall groundwater system using an economic model able to assess profitability of crop and land use decisions coupled to the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study (MERAS) hydrogeologic model. We run the coupled model for 60 years by considering the hydrologic conditions from the MERAS model for the years 2002–2007 and repeating them 10 times. We find MAR is not economically attractive when the water cost is greater than $0.05/m3. Groundwater storage is unlikely to improve when relying solely on MAR as groundwater management strategy but rather should be implemented jointly with other groundwater conservation policies.
What can Nabataean Aramaic tell us about Pre‐Islamic Arabic?
Authors: Suchard Benjamin D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNabataean Aramaic contains a large number of loanwords from Arabic. Together with other evidence, this has been taken as an indication that the Nabataeans used Aramaic as a written language only, while a Pre‐Islamic variety of Arabic was their spoken language. Based on a comprehensive review of the evidence, however, this article concludes that both Arabic and Aramaic were in spoken use in the Nabataean Kingdom and Late Antique Northwest Arabia. Departing from this modified understanding of the linguistic status of Nabataean Aramaic, various features of Pre‐Islamic Arabic are then examined based on the Nabataean evidence: the realisation of the voiceless sibilant /s/, nominal morphology, the reflexes of stem‐final *y, verbal syntax, and the lexicon.
A review of the biology of the pincer wasps (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)
Authors: Virla Eduardo G. , Moya‐Raygoza Gustavo , Guglielmino Adalgisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBecause of their frequency, abundance, and unique morphological and biological traits, the Dryinidae (pincer wasps) are among the most important parasitoids of nymphs and adults of Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha. This contribution offers a summary of the knowledge about the main biological characteristics of the Dryinidae gained over more than 130 years. Among other topics, the information provided covers the interactions with their hosts and other organisms, as well as their development, behaviour, natural enemies and economic importance.
Hydroxychloroquine improves pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing frozen embryo transfer with positive serum autoantibodies
Authors: Guo Yaping , Su Yan , Zhang Mianqiu , Ji Hui , Zhao Chun , Ling Xiufeng , Shen Rong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProblemDoes hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) improve pregnancy outcomes after frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles in patients who are positive for autoantibodies？Method of studyThis was a retrospective clinical study involving 128 patients who were positive for autoantibodies undergoing FET cycles between October 2017 and December 2022. Subjects were divided into two groups: a study group of 65 cycles with HCQ (HCQ was administered orally over 2 months before transplantation and continued during the first trimester) and a control group consisting of 63 cycles without HCQ (no HCQ was used throughout the FET cycle). Each patient was enrolled in the cohort only once. Then, we analyzed the clinical pregnancy outcomes between the two groups.ResultsAnalysis showed that HCQ was a factor that independently associated with clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) OR (Odds Ratio): 3.106; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.458‐6.616; p = .003. Furthermore, the implantation rate (IR), CPR and ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) of the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The biochemical pregnancy rate (BPR) and early miscarriage rate (EMR) were significantly lower than that in the control group (p = .029, p < .001).ConclusionWe found that HCQ improved clinical pregnancy outcomes and reduced the rate of first‐trimester abortion in patients who were positive for autoantibodies during FET cycles.
Robust PCA for high‐dimensional data based on characteristic transformation
Authors: He Lingyu , Yang Yanrong , Zhang Bo 
Published: June 2023

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a novel robust principal component analysis (PCA) for high‐dimensional data in the presence of various heterogeneities, in particular strong tailing and outliers. A transformation motivated by the characteristic function is constructed to improve the robustness of the classical PCA. The suggested method has the distinct advantage of dealing with heavy‐tail‐distributed data, whose covariances may be non‐existent (positively infinite, for instance), in addition to the usual outliers. The proposed approach is also a case of kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and employs the robust and non‐linear properties via a bounded and non‐linear kernel function. The merits of the new method are illustrated by some statistical properties, including the upper bound of the excess error and the behaviour of the large eigenvalues under a spiked covariance model. Additionally, using a variety of simulations, we demonstrate the benefits of our approach over the classical PCA. Finally, using data on protein expression in mice of various genotypes in a biological study, we apply the novel robust PCA to categorise the mice and find that our approach is more effective at identifying abnormal mice than the classical PCA.
‘I guess I really survived many crises’: On the benefits of longitudinal ethnographic research
Authors: Di Feliciantonio Cesare 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBuilding on my ongoing ethnographic research with people living with HIV in different European countries, the paper focuses on RD, a Catalan man I have interviewed three times since 2014. In RD's life narrative, ‘crisis’ is a recurring theme including both the most blatant forms, like the severe housing crisis in Spain that followed the global financial crisis, and the most ordinary ones like domestic violence. Analysing the impact of crises in RD's perception and experience of the present, interwoven with the past(s) and the future(s), the paper discusses two main benefits of longitudinal ethnographic research. First, it allows to capture how crisis is not just a moment or a phase in RD's life, but acts as context generating a recurring experience of an ‘uncanny present’ shaped by logics of return and repetition of the past, and anticipation of the future. Second, it supports RD's self‐awareness around his ability to navigate the unknown when experiencing the ‘uncanny present’; this highlights the ethical care dimension entailed by such methodology.
Comparison of acute phase response in mice after inhalation and intratracheal instillation of molybdenum disulphide and tungsten particles
Authors: Gutierrez Claudia Torero , Loizides Charis , Hafez Iosif , Biskos George , Loeschner Katrin , Brostrøm Anders , Roursgaard Martin , Saber Anne Thoustrup , Møller Peter , Sørli Jorid Birkelund , Hadrup Niels , Vogel Ulla 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInhalation studies are the gold standard for assessing the toxicity of airborne materials. They require considerable time, special equipment, and large amounts of test material. Intratracheal instillation is considered a screening and hazard assessment tool as it is simple, quick, allows control of the applied dose, and requires less test material. The particle‐induced pulmonary inflammation and acute phase response in mice caused by intratracheal instillation or inhalation of molybdenum disulphide or tungsten particles were compared. End points included neutrophil numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Saa3 mRNA levels in lung tissue and Saa1 mRNA levels in liver tissue, and SAA3 plasma protein. Acute phase response was used as a biomarker for the risk of cardiovascular disease. Intratracheal instillation of molybdenum disulphide or tungsten particles did not produce pulmonary inflammation, while molybdenum disulphide particles induced pulmonary acute phase response with both exposure methods and systemic acute phase response after intratracheal instillation. Inhalation and intratracheal instillation showed similar dose–response relationships for pulmonary and systemic acute phase response when molybdenum disulphide was expressed as dosed surface area. Both exposure methods showed similar responses for molybdenum disulphide and tungsten, suggesting that intratracheal instillation can be used for screening particle‐induced acute phase response and thereby particle‐induced cardiovascular disease.
Cognitive dysfunction and impaired neuroplasticity following repeated exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid JWH‐018 in male mice
Authors: Bilel Sabrine , Zamberletti Erica , Caffino Lucia , Tirri Micaela , Mottarlini Francesca , Arfè Raffaella , Barbieri Mario , Beggiato Sarah , Boccuto Federica , Bernardi Tatiana , Casati Sara , Brini Anna T. , Parolaro Daniela , Rubino Tiziana , Ferraro Luca , Fumagalli Fabio , Marti Matteo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposePsychotic disorders have been reported in long‐term users of synthetic cannabinoids. This study aims at investigating the long‐lasting effects of repeated JWH‐018 exposure.Experimental ApproachMale CD‐1 mice were injected with vehicle, JWH‐018 (6 mg·kg−1), the CB1‐antagonist NESS‐0327 (1 mg·kg−1) or co‐administration of NESS‐0327 and JWH‐018, every day for 7 days. After 15 or 16 days washout, we investigated the effects of JWH‐018 on motor function, memory, social dominance and prepulse inhibition (PPI). We also evaluated glutamate levels in dialysates from dorsal striatum, striatal dopamine content and striatal/hippocampal neuroplasticity focusing on the NMDA receptor complex and the neurotrophin BDNF. These measurements were accompanied by in vitro electrophysiological evaluations in hippocampal preparations. Finally, we investigated the density of CB1 receptors and levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) and their main synthetic and degrading enzymes in the striatum and hippocampus.Key ResultsThe repeated treatment with JWH‐018 induced psychomotor agitation while reducing social dominance, recognition memory and PPI in mice. JWH‐018 disrupted hippocampal LTP and decreased BDNF expression, reduced the synaptic levels of NMDA receptor subunits and decreased the expression of PSD95. Repeated exposure to JWH‐018, reduced hippocampal CB1 receptor density and induced a long‐term alteration in AEA and 2‐AG levels and their degrading enzymes, FAAH and MAGL, in the striatum.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur findings suggest that repeated administration of a high dose of JWH‐018 leads to the manifestation of psychotic‐like symptoms accompanied by alterations in neuroplasticity and change in the endocannabinoid system.
Associations of father absence and limited access to books and toys with early childhood development among children aged 0–6 years in a rural county lifted out of poverty in China
Authors: Chang Rui , Li Chunan , Wei Mengna , Jiang Yanfen , Zhang Jianduan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to understand the early development and nurturing care environment of children aged 0–6 years in rural China and to evaluate the sex‐ and age‐specific associations of nurturing care environment with child developmental outcomes.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey involving 2078 children aged 0–6 years was conducted using a stratified cluster sampling strategy. We used face‐to‐face interviews to collect information on child, family and nurturing care. The Ages & Stages Questionnaires‐Chinese version and ASQ: Social‐Emotional were applied to assess children's neuro‐ and social–emotional development, respectively. Lower neurodevelopmental scores indicate an increased risk for neurodevelopmental delay, and higher social–emotional scores are indicative to a risk of social–emotional problems. The multiple linear regression model examined the associations of nurturing care environments with childhood development.ResultsAmong the investigated children, the average age was (42.9 ± 19.8) months and 55.8% were boys; 67.9% of the children had absent fathers because of labour migration and 54.0% had limited access to books and toys. Overall, boys had a lower total neurodevelopmental score than girls; similar gender patterns were also found in the domains of communication, fine motor, problem‐solving and person‐social. Concurrent absent fathers and limited access to books and toys were significantly associated with reduced neurodevelopmental scores [β − 11.44, 95% CI (−18.20, −4.68)] and increased social–emotional developmental scores [β 5.88, 95%CI (1.35, 10.41)] after controlling for confounding factors. Sex‐specific analysis only echoed the results in boys. Additionally, having an absent father and limited access to books and toys was associated with lower neurodevelopmental scores [β − 14.58, 95%CI (−25.41, −3.75)] in children under 3 years of age and higher social–emotional developmental scores among children aged 3–6 years [β 10.66, 95%CI (5.09, 16.24)].ConclusionsChildren, especially boys, with absent fathers due to labour migration have poorer neuro‐ and social–emotional development. Limited access to books and toys and father absence are linked to the children's developmental delay, especially for those under 3 years of age. Our findings suggest that intervention programs in resource‐constrained rural areas are desirable; more importantly, such programs should begin before 3 years of age to achieve a benefit–cost outcome.
Intergroup resource allocation among children from minority and majority groups in three settings of former conflict
Authors: Corbett B. , Dautel J. , Tomašić Humer J. , Tomovska Misoska A. , Taylor L. K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntergroup resource allocation was examined among 333 children aged 7–11 (51.9% female) within three settings of former intergroup conflict (January–June 2021). Children represented both ethno‐religious minority and majority groups (Republic of North Macedonia: Albanians, Macedonians; Croatia: Serbs, Croats; Northern Ireland: Catholics, Protestants), from predominantly White and middle‐class families. Ingroup bias in average resource allocation amounts was demonstrated by both minority and majority children, across settings, in the context of novel targets (historic conflict rivals). Majority children were also more likely to give equally (which maintains the status quo) than minority children. Giving equally increased with age for both minority and majority children, despite being in “zero‐sum,” conflict settings. Equitable intergroup resource allocation in such settings has implications for conflict transformation.
Stability of guided bone regeneration with two ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate at implant sites in the esthetic zone: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Arunjaroensuk Sirida , Thunyakitpisal Pasutha , Nampuksa Katanchalee , Monmaturapoj Naruporn , Mattheos Nikos , Pimkhaokham Atiphan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this randomized, double‐blind, clinical trial was to compare the stability of the horizontal dimensions (facial bone thickness) of augmented bone using biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate ratio of either 60/40 or 70/30.Materials and MethodsSixty dental implants placed with contour augmentation in the esthetic zone were randomized to 60/40 BCP (n = 30) or 70/30 BCP (n = 30). Cone‐beam computed tomographic was used to assess facial bone thickness post‐implantation and 6 months later at implant platform and 2, 4, and 6 mm apical to it.ResultsThe percentage of horizontal dimension reduction was 23.64%, 12.83%, 9.62%, and 8.21% in 70/30 BCP group, while 44.26%, 31.91%, 25.88%, and 21.49% in 60/40 BCP group at the level of the implant platform and 2, 4, and 6 mm apical, respectively. Statistically significant difference was found at 6 months at all levels of measurement (p‐value < .05).ConclusionsBCP bone grafts with HA/β‐TCP ratio of 60/40 and 70/30 showed comparable outcomes for contour augmentation simultaneously with implant placement. Interestingly, the 70/30 ratio was significantly superior in maintaining facial thickness and showed more stable horizontal dimensions of the augmented site.
Automatic detection of microaneurysms using a novel segmentation algorithm based on deep learning techniques
Authors: Monisha Birlin T. , Divya C. , John Livingston J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicroaneurysms is the first stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and it plays a vital role in the computerized diagnosis. However, it is difficult to automatically detect microaneurysms in fundus images due to the complicated background and various illumination reasons. The motivation behind this, is the number of increases in diabetic patients is very large when compared with the number of ophthalmologists. The FSCA‐UNET (Frequency Spatial Channel Attention UNET) segmentation model, is proposed and it is an improvement over UNET. We first use the frequency channel attention mechanism to analyze the features that were extracted from the first stage of the convolution layer, and we obtain good results. Then, we included a spatial attention map with frequency attention, also known as FSCA‐UNET, which makes use of inter‐spatial connections between features. Our deep neural model with an encoder‐decoder structure termed FSCA‐UNET produced more accurate results. Our novel algorithm outdated the performance measures of the existing segmentation algorithms. The proposed segmentation algorithm was trained and tested on Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset (IDRiD), and E‐ophtha Dataset and we got promising results in terms of sensitivity, specificity, dice coefficient, precision, F1 score, and accuracy.
Rapid vision improvement by using icotinib in a patient with bilateral choroidal metastases symmetrically from lung cancer
Authors: Li Chaoran , Wang Xue E , Yan Lei , Zhao Yani , Zhu Yun Kui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe metastases of lung cancer to bilateral choroids symmetrically and simultaneously are very rare. Almost all patients with choroid metastasis can be treated with external beam radiotherapy in order to increase quality of life and preserve vision.Material and MethodsWe documented a case and studied the effect of icotinib on choroidal metastases in bilateral eyes simultaneously from pulmonary adenocarcinoma.ResultsA 49‐year‐old Chinese man presented with bilateral vision losing simultaneously for 4 weeks, it was as an initial presentation in the clinical. The examinations with ophthalmofundoscopy, ultrasonography, and fluorescein angiography showed the lesions in bilateral choroids, two solitary juxtapapillary yellow‐white choroidal metastases inferior to the optic discs with bleeding. Positron emission tomography confirmed the choroidal metastases and further proved that it was from lung cancer with lymph nodes and multiple bone metastasis. The biopsy taken from the lung by bronchoscopy and needle biopsy from supraclavicular lymph nodes revealed the pulmonary adenocarcinoma with epithelial growth factor receptor mutation (exon 21). The patient was treated with oral icotinib (125 mg, three times a day, TID). Five days after starting icotinib therapy, the patient's visions were rapidly recovered. Two months after the treatment with icotinib, the choroidal metastases regressed to small lesions, and the visions were preserved to before. The lung tumor and other metastatic lesions were partly regressive. There was no evidence of recurrence for eye lesions at 15‐months follow‐up. After 17 months treating by icotinib, the patient presented headache and dizzy with multiple brain metastases determined by magnetic resonance imaging; however, the lesions of the choroidal metastases remained progressing‐free. Almonertinib with radiotherapy were used to treat the brain metastases, and he is surviving with progress‐free more than 2 years until now.ConclusionBilateral choroidal metastases from lung cancer symmetrically are very rare. Icotinib following by almonertinib was an alternative therapy for choroidal metastasis from non‐small cell lung cancer with epithelial growth factor receptor mutation.
Risk of breakthrough SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and clinical outcomes among vaccinated patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bea Sungho , Choi Ahhyung , Kim Jae Hyeon , Cho Young Min , Choi Won Suk , Jung Jaehun , Shin Ju‐Young 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the risk of breakthrough infection among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and risk of severe clinical outcomes after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection according to vaccination status.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study using South Korea's linked database of nationwide COVID‐19 registry and claims data between 2018 and 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breakthrough infections were measured in 1:1 propensity‐score (PS)‐matched fully vaccinated patients with versus without T2D (full–vaccination cohort), and HRs for all‐cause mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission/mechanical ventilation (MV) use, and hospitalizations after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were measured in 1:1 PS‐matched T2D patients with versus without full–vaccination (T2D cohort).ResultsAfter 1:1 PS matching, 2 109 970 patients with and without T2D were identified (age 63.5 years; 50.9% male). Patients with T2D showed an increased risk of breakthrough infections compared to those without T2D (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06‐1.14). The increased risk of breakthrough infections was more notable among T2D patients receiving insulin treatment. However, the risk of severe COVID‐19 outcomes was lower in fully vaccinated T2D patients compared with unvaccinated T2D patients (all‐cause mortality: HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.43‐0.67; ICU admission/MV use: HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.23‐0.41; hospitalization: HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.68‐0.78).ConclusionsWhile patients with T2D remain a vulnerable population to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection even after full‐vaccination, full‐vaccination was associated with a lower risk of adverse clinical outcomes after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. These findings support the guidelines recommending patients with T2D as a priority vaccination group.