bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Female lizards (Eremias argus) reverse Bergmann's rule across altitude
Authors: Deme Gideon Gywa , Liang Xixi , Okoro Joseph Onyekwere , Bhattarai Prakash , Sun Baojun , Malann Yoila David , Martin Ryan A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe evolution of body size within and among species is predicted to be influenced by multifarious environmental factors. However, the specific drivers of body size variation have remained difficult to understand because of the wide range of proximate factors that covary with ectotherm body sizes across populations with varying local environmental conditions. Here, we used female Eremias argus lizards collected from different populations across their wide range in China, and constructed linear mixed models to assess how climatic conditions and/or available resources at different altitudes shape the geographical patterns of lizard body size across altitude. Lizard populations showed significant differences in body size across altitudes. Furthermore, we found that climatic and seasonal changes along the altitudinal gradient also explained variations in body size among populations. Specifically, body size decreased with colder and drier environmental conditions at high altitudes, reversing Bergmann's rule. Limited resources at high altitudes, measured by the low vegetative index, may also constrain body size. Therefore, our study demonstrates that multifarious environmental factors could strongly influence the intraspecific variation in organisms' body size.
Comparison of the effects of oven‐ and microwave‐roasting on the physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of tomato seeds and oils
Authors: Aksoylu Özbek Zeynep , Yıldız Kıvılcım , Günç Ergönül Pelin , İyilikeden Elif , Uzlaşır Türkan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe tomato processing industry generates a significant amount of a by‐product (pomace), which is a mixture of peels and seeds. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of conventional oven‐roasting (at 120°C, 150°C, and 180°C for 25 min) and innovative microwave‐roasting (at 240, 388, and 536 W for 3 min) pretreatments on the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profiles, bioactive contents, and aroma profiles of tomato seeds and their hexane‐extracted oils. The total flavonoids contents (TFCs) of the seeds decreased from 258.40 to 141.20 mg quercetin equivalent (QE) per kg after roasting. All roasting treatments improved the extractability of both α‐ and γ‐tocopherols. The amounts of total tocopherols in the seeds increased from 917.61 to 1256.25 mg kg–1 after pretreatment. Luteolin was found to be the most abundant phenolic in seed oils, increasing from 10.68 to 91.72 mg kg–1, followed by quercetin, ferulic acid, and catechin. Within each roasting technique, the ones treated at 150°C and 338 W yielded the oils with the highest concentrations of aroma compounds, 418 and 92 mg kg–1, respectively. The detrimental effect of microwave‐roasting on these compounds was more pronounced. In conclusion, microwave‐roasting at shorter times than conventional roasting produced tomato seed oils with well‐preserved bioactive components and few unfavorable changes.Industrial relevance: Conventional oven‐roasting has been widely applied to oilseeds to improve oil yield as well as to obtain desirable sensory characteristics of extracted oils for years. However, longer roasting times may also cause detrimental changes in the properties of oils. On the other side, microwave‐assisted applications as an emerging technology provide homogenous and well‐controlled heat distribution, shorter treatment times, and considerable energy savings for the processing of various foods. Microwave technology has been easily scaled up and is currently employed for sterilization, drying, pasteurization, precooking, and extraction by the food and chemistry industries. Therefore, the present research suggests the use of microwaves for comparatively short roasting times to produce edible oils with enhanced physicochemical attributes and bioactives contents, and well‐maintained sensory properties. This promising innovative technology has the potential to be industrialized for a cost‐effective seed roasting process.
Interlaboratory study on lipid oxidation during accelerated storage trials with rapeseed and sunflower oil analyzed by conjugated dienes as primary oxidation products
Authors: Amft Jonas , Meissner Philipp M. , Steffen‐Heins Anja , Hasler Mario , Stöckmann Heiko , Meynier Anne , Birault Lucie , Velasco Joaquín , Vermoesen Ann , Perez‐Portabella Ines , Prió Blanca , Porcellana Tito , Forte Emanuele , Yesiltas Betül , Merkx Donny , Hennebelle Marie , Wang Jianli , van Duynhoven John , Losada‐Barreiro Sonia , Bravo‐Diaz Carlos , Bernal Claudio , Abramovič Helena , Manzanos María J. , Martínez‐Yusta Andrea , Nieva‐Echevarría Bárbara , Guillén María D. , Frühwirth Sarah , Pignitter Marc , Wołosiak Rafał , Derewiaka Dorota , Costa Marlene , Paiva‐Martins Fátima , Jacobsen Charlotte , Schwarz Karin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccelerated storage tests are frequently used to assess the oxidative stability of foods and related systems due to its reproducibility. Various methods and experimental conditions are used to measure lipid oxidation. Differences between laboratories make it necessary to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of oxidation tests performed under the same conditions. The objective of the present interlaboratory study was to evaluate the outcome of a storage test for two different bulk oils, sunflower oil (SFO) and rapeseed oil (RSO), during a period of 9 weeks at 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 60°C. Sixteen laboratories were provided with bottled oils and conducted the storage tests according to a detailed protocol. Lipid oxidation was monitored by the formation of conjugated dienes (CD) and the activation energy (Ea) was determined for comparative purposes and statistically evaluated. An increase in CD formation was observed for both oils when the storage temperature was increased in all laboratories. The Ea,1 ranged from 47.9 to 73.3 kJ mol−1 in RSO and from 27.8 to 62.6 kJ mol−1 in SFO, with average values of 58.2 and 46.8 kJ mol−1, respectively. The reproducibility coefficients were 10.9% and 18.2% for RSO and SFO, respectively.Practical applications: In order to compare results on oxidative stability of foods derived from different studies, the reproducibility of storage tests and methods employed to evaluate the oxidation level should be considered. This study provides fundamental data on the reproducibility of lipid oxidation under accelerated storage conditions and defines important parameters to be considered for the conduction of experiments.
Unified throughout‐pore microstructure enables ultrahigh separator porosity for robust high‐flux lithium batteries
Authors: Chen Dongjiang , Liu Yuanpeng , Feng Chao , He Yuhui , Zhou Shengyu , Yuan Botao , Dong Yunfa , Xie Haodong , Zeng Guangfeng , Han Jiecai , He Weidong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith small thickness, commercial polyolefin separators own low porosity to ensure sufficient thermomechanical properties, resulting in tortuous and enlarged Li+ diffusion pathways that induce large overpotentials and detrimental dendrite growth. As a dilemma, the exploration of highly porous separators has been challenged by their large thickness, impairing the applicability of such pursuits. Herein, an ultraporous architecture is designed to shorten Li+ transfer pathways by impregnating electrolyte‐affinitive poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) into ultralight ∼3 μm 3D‐polytetrafluoroethylene scaffold (abbreviated as UP3D). The UP3D separator with a porosity of 74% gives rise to 70% enhancement in Li+ transference and 77% reduction in Li+ transfer resistance (2.67 mΩ mm−1) and thus enables an ultrahigh Li+ flux of 22.7 mA cm−2, effectively alleviating Li+ concentration gradient across the separator. With the separator, the LiFePO4 half cell delivers a capacity of 118 mAh g−1 with an unparalleled capacity retention of 90% after 1000 cycles at 2 C, and a graphite || LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 pouch full cell delivers an areal energy density of 6.8 mWh cm−2 at 8.848 mA (1.4 mA cm−2) with a high cathode loading of 134.9 mg. Such results, together with the scalable production of the separator, reflect its promising potential in high‐flux battery applications of separators that require both ultrahigh porosity and reliability.
A novel QLattice‐based whitening machine learning model of landslide susceptibility mapping
Authors: Sun Deliang , Ding Yuekai , Wen Haijia , Zhang Fengtai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLandslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) enables the prediction of landslide occurrences, thereby offering a scientific foundation for disaster prevention and control. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on LSM using machine learning techniques. However, the majority of machine learning models is considered “black box” models due to their lack of transparent explanations. In contrast, the QLattice model serves as a white box model, as it can elucidate the decision‐making mechanism while representing a novel approach to whitening machine learning models. QLattice possesses the capability to automatically select and scale data features. In this study, Fengjie County in China was selected as the research area, with slope units serving as evaluation units. A geospatial database was constructed using 12 conditioning factors, including elevation, slope, and annual average rainfall. LSM models were conducted using both the QLattice and random forest (RF) algorithms. The findings demonstrate that the QLattice model achieved an area under curve value of 0.868, while the RF model attained an area under curve value of 0.849 for the test datasets. These results highlight the superior predictive ability and stability of the QLattice model compared with RF. Furthermore, QLattice can explicate and clarify the change processes of conditioning factors, thereby revealing the internal decision‐making mechanism and causes behind the LSM model's decisions. The innovative QLattice‐based model provides new ideas and methodologies for LSM research.
Taxonomic, nomenclatural, and conservation notes to the Algerian‐Tunisian endemic Thymus numidicus (Nepetoideae, Lamiaceae)
Authors: El Mokni Ridha , Domina Gianniantonio , Barone Giulio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThymus numidicus Poir. (Lamiaceae) is a species endemic to an extended area of the northern African coast, in Algeria and Tunisia, named “Kabylia‐Numidia‐Kroumiria.” This taxon was formerly regarded as restricted to siliceous substrata until the finding of a population on marly limestone from the “Mejarda Valley's region” in north‐western Tunisia. Due to the differentiation of several morphological characters including mainly leaf color, shape and size, calyx, and corolla color and size, the collected material is illustrated and a subspecies new to science is here presented, Thymus numidicus subsp. vagaensis El Mokni & Domina. Discrimination of the new subspecies with T. numidicus subsp. numidicus is discussed; the ranges of variation in size and color of leaves, calyx, and corolla of the two subspecies are illustrated. Habitat, ecology, chromatographic profiles, and conservation issues are also considered. The lectotypes of the names Thymus numidicus Poir. and T. lanceolatus subsp. kabylicus Batt. are here designated and T. lanceolatus subsp. kabylicus is included among the synonyms of T. numidicus.
Oyster‐derived dipeptides RI, IR, and VR promote testosterone synthesis by reducing oxidative stress in TM3 cells
Authors: Yan Yongqiu , Li Mingliang , Wei Ying , Jia Fuhuai , Zheng Yanying , Tao Gang , Xiong Feifei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractShort peptides have gained widespread utilization as functional constituents in the development of functional foods due to their remarkable biological activity. Previous investigations have established the positive influence of oysters on testosterone biosynthesis, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to assess the impact of three dipeptides derived from oysters on the oxidative stress state of TM3 cells induced by AAPH while concurrently examining alterations in cellular testosterone biosynthesis capacity. The investigation encompasses an analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, apoptotic status, and expression levels of crucial enzymes involved in the testosterone synthesis pathway within TM3 cells, thus evaluating the physiological activity of the three dipeptides. Additionally, molecular docking was employed to investigate the inhibitory activity of the three dipeptides against ACE. The outcomes of this study imply that the oxidative stress state of cells impedes the synthesis of testosterone by inhibiting the expression of essential proteins in the testosterone synthesis pathway. These three dipeptides derived from oysters ameliorate cellular oxidative stress by directly scavenging excess ROS or reducing ROS production rather than enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity through modulation of antioxidant enzyme activity. These findings introduce a novel avenue for developing and utilizing antioxidant peptides derived from food sources.
Whose growth in whose planetary boundaries? Decolonising planetary justice in the Anthropocene
Authors: Sultana Farhana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis critical analysis examines the geopolitics of planetary environmental injustice and the imperative for systems change to address the intertwined crises of climate breakdown and unsustainable economic growth. Climate breakdown has heightened attention to uneven anthropogenic use and abuse of the planet's biosphere and common pool resources. Recent arguments by climate scholars suggest that various planetary boundaries have already been breached, resulting in dramatic and harmful socio‐ecological consequences. These trends raise crucial questions of equity and justice, especially concerning responsibilities and impacts. By centring Global South perspectives, prevailing ideologies promoting hyperconsumption, overproduction and waste are interrogated. The incommensurability of socioecological justice with ongoing unsustainable extractive and exploitative economic growth paradigms, which contribute to further transgressions of planetary boundaries, underscore the urgency of decolonising underlying colonial‐capitalist ideologies and practices. This entails a fundamental reformulation of paradigms to envision a more just and sustainable future, one that dismantles oppressive systems and advances justice‐oriented praxis.
Hypoconnectivity within the cingulo‐opercular network in patients with mild cognitive impairment in Chinese communities
Authors: Yang Huan , Zhao Xiaoyu , Wang Tenglong , Zhou Zhenhe , Cheng Zaohuo , Zhao Xingfu , Cao Yuping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionAt rest, the brain's higher cognitive systems engage in correlated activity patterns, forming networks. With mild cognitive impairment (MCI), it is essential to understand how functional connectivity within and between resting‐state networks changes. This study used resting‐state functional connectivity to identify significant differences within and between the cingulo‐opercular network (CON) and default mode network (DMN).MethodsWe assessed cognitive function in patients using the Chinese version of the Alzheimer's disease assessment scale‐Cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog). A group of MCI subjects (ages 60–83 years, n = 45) was compared to age‐matched healthy controls (n = 70). Resting‐state functional connectivity was used to determine functional connectivity strength within and between the CON and DMN.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, the MCI group showed significantly lower functional connectivity within the CON (F = 10.76, df = 1, p = 0.001, FDR adjusted p = 0.003). Additionally, the MCI group displayed no distinct differences in functional connectivity within DMN (F = 0.162, df = 1, p = 0.688, FDR adjusted p = 0.688) and between CON and DMN (F = 2.270, df = 1, p = 0.135, FDR adjusted p = 0.262). Moreover, we found no correlation between ADAS‐Cog and within‐ or between‐connectivity metrics among subjects with MCI.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that specific patterns of hypoconnectivity within CON circuitry may characterize MCI relative to healthy controls. This work improves our understanding of network dysfunction underlying MCI and could inform more targeted treatment.
Global Efforts to Protect Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Fisher Jill A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractClinical trials on healthy volunteers generate unique ethical challenges both because participants accept potential physical risks without the possibility of direct medical benefit and because participants’ financial motivations to enroll in trials could lead to their exploitation. Despite the large volume of published empirical studies and ethical analyses of healthy volunteer research, there has been little concerted effort to change how healthy‐volunteer research is overseen or regulated. A new collaborative effort to do so is the VolREthics (Volunteers in Research and Ethics) Initiative. Launched in 2022, this initiative brings together an international community to engage questions about how healthy volunteers could best be protected from the risks of harm and exploitation while the validity of clinical trials is optimized.
Risk‐Sensitive Assessment of Decision‐Making Capacity: A Comprehensive Defense
Authors: Kim Scott Y. H. , Berens Noah C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractShould the assessment of decision‐making capacity (DMC) be risk sensitive, that is, should the threshold for DMC vary with risk? The debate over this question is now nearly five decades old. To many, the idea that DMC assessments should be risk sensitive is intuitive and commonsense. To others, the idea is paternalistic or incoherent, or both; they argue that the riskiness of a given decision should increase the epistemic scrutiny in the evaluation of DMC, not increase the threshold for DMC. We respond to the critics’ main concerns by providing a comprehensive account of how risk‐sensitive DMC is coherent, avoids paternalism, and best fulfills the epistemic goal of DMC evaluations.
Improved dynamic distortion correction for fMRI using single‐echo EPI and a readout‐reversed first image (REFILL)
Authors: Robinson Simon Daniel , Bachrata Beata , Eckstein Korbinian , Bollmann Saskia , Bollmann Steffen , Dymerska Barbara , Hodono Shota , Cloos Martijn , Tourell Monique , Jin Jin , O'Brien Kieran , Reutens David C. , Trattnig Siegfried , Enzinger Christian , Barth Markus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe boundaries between tissues with different magnetic susceptibilities generate inhomogeneities in the main magnetic field which change over time due to motion, respiration and system instabilities. The dynamically changing field can be measured from the phase of the fMRI data and corrected. However, methods for doing so need multi‐echo data, time‐consuming reference scans and/or involve error‐prone processing steps, such as phase unwrapping, which are difficult to implement robustly on the MRI host. The improved dynamic distortion correction method we propose is based on the phase of the single‐echo EPI data acquired for fMRI, phase offsets calculated from a triple‐echo, bipolar reference scan of circa 3–10 s duration using a method which avoids the need for phase unwrapping and an additional correction derived from one EPI volume in which the readout direction is reversed. This Reverse‐Encoded First Image and Low resoLution reference scan (REFILL) approach is shown to accurately measure B0 as it changes due to shim, motion and respiration, even with large dynamic changes to the field at 7 T, where it led to a > 20% increase in time‐series signal to noise ratio compared to data corrected with the classic static approach. fMRI results from REFILL‐corrected data were free of stimulus‐correlated distortion artefacts seen when data were corrected with static field mapping. The method is insensitive to shim changes and eddy current differences between the reference scan and the fMRI time series, and employs calculation steps that are simple and robust, allowing most data processing to be performed in real time on the scanner image reconstruction computer. These improvements make it feasible to routinely perform dynamic distortion correction in fMRI.
Risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in head and neck cancer patients and its establishment of a prediction model
Authors: Li Chen‐xi , He Qi , Wang Zheng‐ye , Fang Chang , Gong Zhong‐cheng , Zhao Hua‐rong , Ling Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImportanceVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is closely relevant to head and neck cancer (HNC) prognosis, but little data exist on the risk prediction of VTE in patients with HNC.ObjectiveTo study the risk factors regarding VTE in HNC patients and construct a nomogram model for its prediction.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross‐sectional retrospective study was implemented to comparatively analyze 220 HNC patients from January 2018 to December 2021. The Lasso algorithm was used to optimize the selection of variables. A nomogram model for predicting HNC‐associated VTE was established using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Internal validation of the model was performed by bootstrap resampling (1000 times). Calibration plot and decision curve analysis (DCA) were applied to evaluate the calibration capability of the prediction model.Main Outcome and MeasureThe demographics, medical history, blood biochemical indicators, and modalities of treatment were included for analysis.ResultsThe incidence of HNC‐associated VTE was 2.8% (55/1967) in authors' affiliation. Five variables of risk factors, including surgery, radiochemotherapy, D‐dimer, aspartate transaminase, and globulin, were screened and selected as predictors by Lasso algorithm. A prediction model that incorporated these independent predictors was developed and presented as the nomogram. The model showed good discrimination with a C‐index of 0.972 (95% CI: 0.934–0.997), and had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.981 (p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.964–0.998). The calibration curve displayed good agreement of the predicted probability with the actual observed probability for HNC‐associated VTE. The DCA plot showed that the application of this nomogram was associated with net benefit gains in clinical practice.Conclusions and RelevanceThe high‐performance nomogram model developed in this study may help early diagnose the risk of VTE in HNC patients and to guide individualized decision‐making on thromboprophylaxis.