bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration eines roboterassistierten Systems in den
Aufbereitungsprozess von flexiblen Endoskopen
Authors: Allescher Hans-Dieter , Voigt Florian , Mangold Martin , Haddadin Sami 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Eine einwandfreie Aufbereitung von Endoskopen und deren
Instrumentarien ist eine Grundvorrausetzung für die Patientensicherheit
bei der flexiblen Endoskopie. Die Endoskop-Aufbereitung ist aktuell eine
Kombination aus festgelegten manuellen Schritten und einer Behandlung mittels
automatisierter Wasch- und Desinfektionsgeräte. Die manuellen Schritte
der Aufbereitung werden von speziell ausgebildetem
Endoskopie-Aufbereitungspersonal übernommen. Dennoch haben manuelle
Prozesse immer eine gewisse Personen-abhängige Varianz bei der
Durchführung. Um diese nicht standardisierbaren Schritte zu optimieren,
war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, den Einsatz eines robotischen Systems für
eine automatisierte Endoskop-Aufbereitung zu evaluieren.
MethodikDie Autoren verwendeten zur Aufbereitung ein Standard-Reinigungs-
und Desinfektionsgerät nach dem Durchreiche-Prinzip sowie einen
handelsüblichen Endoskop-Trockenschrank. Für den
Endoskop-Transfer wurde ein Franka Emika Panda Roboter eingesetzt. Der Roboter
wurde so programmiert, dass er mit der Umgebung und den verwendeten
Gegenständen in einer adaptiven und anpassungsfähigen Weise
interagiert. Dadurch wurde gewährleistet, dass es durch die angepassten
Kräfte und Bewegungen zu keinen Schäden an den Geräten,
Maschinen oder auch dem Roboter kommt.
ErgebnisseIn einer ersten Evaluationsphase wurden die Fähigkeiten
des Roboters untersucht, den Gerätekorb der Aufbereitungsmaschine sicher
zu bewegen und bestimmte vordefinierte Aufgaben (Aufnahme, korrekte
Positionierung, Schlauchverbindungen anschließen, Kollisionsreaktion)
auszuführen. Anschließend wurde ein 2. Roboterarm
hinzugefügt, um mit 2 unabhängigen Manipulatoren die Genauigkeit
und Unabhängigkeit der Prozesse zu überprüfen. Es wurden
jeweils 50 konsekutive Aufbereitungs- bzw. Transfer-Prozeduren untersucht. Die
Endoskope wurde in einem adaptierten Reinigungskorb mit einem speziellen
Greiftool aus der Aufbereitungsmaschine entnommen und in einen
Routine-Trockenschrank transferiert. Die durchschnittliche Zeit zum Trennen der
Einzelkanalverbindungen, der Entnahme, dem Transfer des Korbes und der
Verbindung der Einzelkanäle betrug 104,2±1,2 Sekunden, und es
wurde zu 100% ein erfolgreicher Transfer erreicht.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Arbeit beschreibt erstmals den Einsatz eines
adaptiven und anpassungsfähigen Roboters bei der Aufbereitung von
flexiblen Endoskopen. Auch wenn noch nicht der gesamte Aufbereitungsprozess
abgebildet werden kann, bietet dieser Ansatz die Möglichkeit die
Aufbereitung von Endoskopen weiter zu vereinheitlichen und zu standardisieren.
Das Ziel wäre einen komplett standardisierbaren und damit auch
zertifizierbaren Aufbereitungsprozess zu entwickeln.
Long-term Outcomes after Medial Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy – A Retrospective Study of 69 Patients
Authors: Schröter Steffen , Klink Julian , Ihle Christoph , Gueorguiev Boyko Guergov , Herbst Moritz , Maiotti Marco , Histing Tina , Ahrend Marc-Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a widespread option to avoid or delay total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The present study aimed to assess the long-term survival rate and postoperative
subjective knee function after isolated medial open wedge HTO in patients with symptomatic medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) and varus malalignment.Sixty-nine patients (48.8 ± 6.7, 35–66 years; preoperative mechanical tibiofemoral angle [mTFA] −5.3 ± 3.4; −14.9–0.0° varus) treated with medial open wedge HTO using a TomoFix plate were
included in this retrospective study, with a follow-up of at least 10 years (11.8 ± 1.0 years). The survival rate after HTO was calculated after 5 and 10 years. Subjective knee function was
assessed using Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), Oxford knee, Lequesne, and Lysholm scores.Thirty-three patients underwent conversion to TKA, on average, 7.0 ± 3.4 (1.3–13.7) years after HTO. Five- and ten-year survival rates were 84.1 and 60.9%, respectively. Patients without
conversion to TKA showed a Lysholm score of 64.5 (35–92), Lequesne score of 7 (1–13), HSS score of 71 (56–86), and Oxford knee score of 38.5 (25–44) at the last follow-up (more than 10 years).
Significantly higher scores were registered at the last follow-up compared to the preoperative state regarding the Lysholm score (preoperative: 43.5 [12–95]; follow-up: 64.5 [35–92];
p < 0.001). The HSS score (preoperative: 69.5 [43–93]; follow-up: 71 [56–86]; p = 0.6941) showed no statistically significant change during the 10-year follow-up period. The Lequesne score
was significantly lower than the preoperative score (preoperative: 11.5 [0.5–22]; follow-up: 7 [1–13]; p < 0.001), indicating a lower handicap.The majority of patients with a valgus medial compartmental knee OA treated with HTO with fixation using the TomoFix plate can expect no conversion to TKA for more than 10 years.
Furthermore, patients without conversion to TKA after 10 years still had a significantly higher subjective knee function than preoperatively. Further research is needed to identify risk
factors for conversion to TKA. This helps to guide surgeons in selecting patients who will benefit most from HTO.
Pulmonale Beteiligung bei idiopathischen inflammatorischen Myopathien
Authors: Berger Melanie , Zimmermann Maximilian , Kreuter Michael , Strunk Johannes , Windisch Wolfram , Höppner Jakob , Plath Ilka , Schumacher Falk 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungIdiopathische inflammatorische Myopathien (IIM) sind seltene Systemerkrankungen, bei denen es je nach Entität häufig zu einer pulmonalen Beteiligung kommt, v.a. in Form einer interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung (ILD=interstitial lung disease). Es liegen nur wenige prospektive Daten über diese sehr heterogene Erkrankungsgruppe in Kombination mit einer ILD vor. Die Diagnose ist eng verknüpft mit dem Diagnoseleitfaden für interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen jeglicher Ätiologie und sollte in einem interdisziplinären Zentrum mit entsprechender Expertise gestellt werden. Zur Diagnostik gehören Myositis-spezifische Antikörper (MSA) und Myositis-assoziierte Antikörper (MAA), deren Nachweis mit einem Phänotyp und einem prognostischen Verlauf assoziiert sein kann. V.a. Anti-tRNA-Synthetase-Antikörper (Anti-ARS) und gegen das Melanom-Differenzierungsantigen-5-gerichtete Antikörper (MDA5-AK) spielen bei der IIM mit ILD eine entscheidende Rolle für die Prognose und das Therapieansprechen. Die am häufigsten vorkommenden ILD-Muster sind NSIP (nicht spezifische interstitielle Pneumonie) und OP (organisierende Pneumonie) oder ein Mischbild aus beiden Mustern. Die Grundbausteine der Therapie sind der initiale Einsatz von systemischen Steroiden und die frühzeitige Ergänzung von immunsuppressiven Substanzen, für deren Einsatz es hauptsächlich retrospektive Daten gibt. Neue prospektive Studien geben Anlass zur Hoffnung auf die Etablierung von Behandlungspfaden für die Zukunft.
Immulina as an Immunostimulatory Supplement: Formulation and Pharmacological Studies
Authors: Li Yusheng , Ji Nan , Wang Minia , Pugh Nirmal D. , Khan Ikhlas A. , Tan Chalet 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImmulina is a commercially available extract of Arthrospira platensis enriched with bacterial lipoproteins that acts as a potent Toll-like receptor 2 agonist. However, the
immunostimulatory effect of Immulina is not well understood in vivo. Here, to devise an Immulina formulation suitable for in vivo oral gavage dosing, Immulina nanosuspension
was prepared and freeze-dried to yield lyophilized nano-Immulina, which had an average particle size of around 300 nm and fully retained the bioactivity as a Toll-like receptor 2 agonist.
Compared to the regular Immulina powder, lyophilized nano-Immulina notably accelerated the dissolution in aqueous media. Immulina nanosuspension was found to stimulate the production of
proinflammatory cytokines in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages. The immune response to Immulina was investigated in healthy mice by longitudinally monitoring the
phagocytic activity of circulating neutrophils as a surrogate marker. Following daily oral ingestion of Immulina nanosuspension (10 mg/mouse/day), the phagocytic activity of circulating
neutrophils was significantly elevated, suggesting an important mechanism for Immulina to enhance innate immunity.
Trends of Medicare Reimbursement Rates for Lower Extremity Procedures
Authors: Siotos Charalampos , Aminzada Amir , Whitney Natalia , Najafali Daniel , Toms III John A. , Mpontozis Anastasios , Kokosis George , Shenaq Deana S. , Derman Gordon H. , Dorafshar Amir H. , Kurlander David E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Data collected across many surgical specialties suggest that Medicare reimbursement for physicians consistently lags inflation. Studies are needed that describe reimbursement rates for lower extremity procedures. Our goal is to analyze the trends in Medicare reimbursement rates from 2010 to 2021 for both lower extremity amputation and salvage surgeries.
Methods The Physician Fee Schedule Look-Up Tool of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services was assessed and Current Procedural Terminology codes for common lower extremity procedures were collected. Average reimbursement rates from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed and adjusted for inflation. The rates of work-, facility-, and malpractice-related relative value units (RVUs) were also collected.
Results We found an overall increase in Medicare reimbursement of 4.73% over the study period for lower extremity surgery. However, after adjusting for inflation, the average reimbursement decreased by 13.19%. The adjusted relative difference was calculated to be (−)18.31 and (−)11.34% for lower extremity amputation and salvage procedures, respectively. We also found that physician work-related RVUs decreased by 0.27%, while facility-related and malpractice-related RVUs increased.
Conclusion Reimbursement for lower extremity amputation and salvage procedures has steadily declined from 2010 to 2021 after adjusting for inflation, with amputation procedures being devaluated at a greater rate than lower extremity salvage procedures. With the recent marked inflation, knowledge of these trends is crucial for surgeons, hospitals, and health care policymakers to ensure appropriate physician reimbursement.
Level of Evidence IV (cross-sectional study).
A Simple and Powerful tert-Butylation of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols
Authors: Namba Kosuke , Ogasa Chie , Kayano Kimika 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA simple and safe tert-butylation reaction was developed. Treatment of various free amino acids with 1.1 equivalents of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in tert-butyl acetate directly afforded tert-butyl esters with free amino groups quickly and in good yields. In addition, various carboxylic acids and alcohols without amino groups were converted into tert-butyl esters and ethers, respectively, in high yields in the presence of small catalytic amounts of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. All tert-butylation reactions of free amino acids, carboxylic acids, and alcohols proceeded much faster and in higher yields compared with conventional methods.
Influence of Implant Adjacent Teeth on the Accuracy of Digital Impression
Authors: Abduo Jaafar , El-Haddad Hossam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjacent teeth patterns on the accuracy of digital scans of parallel and divergent implants for three-unit prostheses.
Materials and Methods A maxillary typodont model with implants in the locations of the first premolars and first molars was used to develop three clinical scenarios for three-unit prostheses: (S1) Partially edentulous arch with missing first premolars and first molars only; (S2) partially edentulous arch with missing first premolars, second premolars and first molars; and (S3) partially edentulous arch with missing canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars, and second molars. On one side, the implants were parallel, and for the other side, the implants had a 15-degree buccolingual angle. With the aid of scan bodies, 10 digital impressions were taken for each scenario and for each side. To evaluate the accuracy, a reverse engineering software was used to measure trueness, precision, and interimplant distance.
Results The best trueness for parallel implants was observed for S2 (30.0 µm), followed by S3 (67.3 µm) and S1 (74.8 µm) (p < 0.001). Likewise, S2 had the best precision for parallel implants (31.3 µm) followed by S3 (38.0 µm) and S1 (70.3 µm) (p < 0.001). For the divergent implants, S2 exhibited the best trueness (23.1 µm), followed by S3 (48.2 µm) and S1 (59.4 µm) (p = 0.007). Similarly, the S2 had the best precision (12.3 µm) followed by S3 (62.1 µm) and S1 (66.9 µm) (p < 0.001). The S2 had the least interimplant distance deviation followed by S1 and S3. The difference was significant for parallel implants (p = 0.03), but insignificant for divergent implants (p = 0.15).
Conclusion Regardless of the presenting scenario, digital implant impressions for three-unit prostheses appear to be clinically accurate. A clear interimplant area between scan bodies enhanced the accuracy of digital impressions. This observation can be attributed to more accessible axial surface scanning of the scan body.
Interventions in Gastric Varices: TIPS versus BRTO
Authors: Sanin Emilio , Lopera Jorge E. , de Assis André Moreira , de Carvalho Melo Junior José Andrade , Alvarez Sergio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGastric varices (GV) are a relatively uncommon cause of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. Compared with esophageal varices (EV), GV have been less well studied and therefore there is less consensus on the best treatment alternative. GV have distinct hemodynamic and anatomic considerations which must be well understood to provide adequate treatments. The purpose of this review is to describe the endovascular treatment options available: transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) and its variants. Each of these alternatives has its indications for different clinical scenarios. Both are effective in controlling acute bleeding, but BRTO seems to have better long-term results. A detailed description of indications, techniques, complications, and results is included.
Determining the normalization of the quantum field theory vacuum, with implications for quantum gravity
Authors: Mannheim Philip D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In a standard quantum field theory the norm

⟨
Ω
|
Ω
⟩

of the vacuum state is taken to be finite. In this paper we provide a procedure, based on constructing an equivalent wave mechanics, for determining whether or not

⟨
Ω
|
Ω
⟩

actually is finite. We provide an example based on a second-order plus fourth-order scalar field theory, a prototype for quantum gravity, in which it is not. In this example the Lorentzian path integral with a real measure diverges though the Euclidean path integral does not. Thus in this example contributions from the Wick rotation contour cannot be ignored. Since

⟨
Ω
|
Ω
⟩

is not finite, use of the standard Feynman rules is not valid. And while these rules not only lead to states with negative norm, they in fact lead to states with infinite negative norm. However, if the fields in that theory are continued into the complex plane, we show that then there is a domain in the complex plane known as a Stokes wedge in which one can define an appropriate time-independent, positive and finite inner product, viz. the

⟨
L
|
R
⟩

overlap of left-eigenstates and right-eigenstates of the Hamiltonian; with the vacuum state then being normalizable, and with there being no states with negative or infinite

⟨
L
|
R
⟩

norm. In this Stokes wedge it is the Euclidean path integral that diverges while the Lorentzian path integral does not. The concerns that we raise in this paper only apply to bosons since the matrices associated with their creation and annihilation operators are infinite dimensional. Since the ones associated with fermions are finite dimensional, the fermion theory vacuum is automatically normalizable. We discuss some general implications of our results for quantum gravity studies, and show that they are relevant to the construction of a consistent, unitary and renormalizable quantum theory of gravity.
Recent progress on two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures for photocatalytic water splitting: a selective review
Authors: Zhang Chang , Ren Kai , Wang Sake , Luo Yi , Tang Wencheng , Sun Minglei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen production through photocatalytic water splitting is being developed swiftly to address the ongoing energy crisis. Over the past decade, with the rise of graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials, an increasing number of computational and experimental studies have focused on relevant van der Waals (vdW) semiconductor heterostructures for photocatalytic water splitting. In this review, the fundamental mechanism and distinctive performance of type-II and Z-scheme vdW heterostructure photocatalysts are presented. Accordingly, we have conducted a systematic review of recent studies focusing on candidates for photocatalysts, specifically vdW heterostructures involving 2D transition metal disulfides (TMDs), 2D Janus TMDs, and phosphorenes. The photocatalytic performance of these heterostructures and their suitability in theoretical scenarios are discussed based on their electronic and optoelectronic properties, particularly in terms of band structures, photoexcited carrier dynamics, and light absorption. In addition, various approaches for tuning the performance of these potential photocatalysts are illustrated. This strategic framework for constructing and modulating 2D heterostructure photocatalysts is expected to provide inspiration for addressing possible challenges in future studies.
Bulk plasmon-limited mobility in semiconductors: from bulk to nanowires
Authors: Kovalenko Konstantin L , Kozlovskiy Sergei I , Sharan Nicolai N , Venger Eugeniy F 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Analytical expressions are obtained for the low-field mobility in semiconductors for scattering of three-dimensional (3D), two-dimensional (2D), and one-dimensional (1D) charged carriers by bulk plasmons. The consideration is based on the quantum kinetic equation and model distribution function in form of a shifted Fermi distribution and includes calculations of the dielectric function of 3D, 2D and 1D carriers in the random phase approximation. The resulting analytical expressions give dependences of the plasmon limited mobility on the dimensionality of charge carrier system, their density, effective mass, temperature and confining dimensions. The plasmon limited mobility decreases as the dimensionality of the electron gas D decreases. The physical reason for this is an increase in the absolute value of the cutoff vector with a decrease in D. Comparison of our calculations with known experimental data shows that relative contribution of the electron–plasmon scattering to total mobility reaches a maximum in the temperature range 10–100 K and can be a few percent in bulk crystals, ten of percent in quantum wells, and is close to the experimental values in nanowires. A noticeable effect of the scattering 3D, 2D and 1D electrons by bulk plasmons on mobility is expected in semiconductors with a sufficiently high mobility of more than 105 cm2 V−1 s.
Personalized fault diagnosis of rolling bearings in trains based on digital twin
Authors: Liu Chang , He Deqiang , Wei Zexian , He Changfu , Lao Zhenpeng , Shan Sheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Applying methods such as deep learning improves the efficiency of bearing fault diagnosis and reduces trains’ operation and maintenance costs. However, in practical applications, the deficiency of historical data and the imbalance of data types often limit the effectiveness of the diagnosis. The variability between operating conditions also restricts the availability of transfer learning including domain adaptation. To address this challenge, a digital twin (DT) framework is established to fill the data for train fault diagnosis. A train bearing dynamics model is optimized using virtual-reality mapping in the DT framework with measured health data as a baseline to generate data closer to reality. Finally, the fault diagnosis uses a hybrid dataset that mixes measured and simulated data as a source domain for transfer learning. The Case Western Reserve University dataset is used as an example, and the accuracy reaches up to 99.40%, which verifies the method’s effectiveness.
Opposite atom dependence of isotope engineering of thermal conductivity in bulk and 2D GaN
Authors: Sun Guoqing , Xiang Zheng , Ma Jinlong , Luo Xiaobing , Xu Dongwei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Isotope engineering has been shown to be an effective means of regulating thermal conductivity. In this work, we studied the isotope engineering of thermal conductivity in bulk and 2D GaN, and diametrically opposite atom isotope dependence is found. That is, Ga isotope has a large effect (77%) on bulk GaN, while the effect of N isotope on the thermal conductivity is negligible. In 2D GaN, however, N isotope effect (20%) is more significant than that of Ga. Understanding of the different isotope dependence is achieved by deeper insight. Due to the relative magnitude of scattering rate, isotopic scattering influences the thermal conductivity of bulk and 2D GaN in different frequency regions, leading to the opposite atom dependence.
Computational evaluation of absorption characteristics of ceramic-based auxetic materials in X-band frequency range
Authors: Phanendra Kumar A , Nakka Rajesh , Harursampath Dineshkumar , A Ponnusami Sathiskumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This research study investigates the absorption capabilities of ceramic-based auxetic metamaterials within the X-band frequency range, emphasising their potential application in stealth technology. Four distinct auxetic topologies have been chosen for this purpose: star, re-entrant, anti-tetrachiral, and missing-rib/cross-chiral while maintaining an equal cross-sectional area for comparison analysis. A computationally efficient homogenisation scheme based on the variational asymptotic method is used to evaluate the effective properties of these auxetics. The absorption spectra are then obtained by evaluating scattering matrices using these effective properties. The influence of auxetics out-of-plane thickness, incidence and polarisation angles on the proposed ceramic absorber’s absorption spectra is evaluated. One of the interesting observations is the identical absorption capabilities of star and missing-rib/cross-chiral geometries despite their distinct architectures. The star and missing-rib/cross-chiral based absorbers achieved a maximum absorption of 99.99% or a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −40 dB with a thickness of 3.50 mm. The RL is less than −10 dB (the standard for an electromagnetic (EM) absorber) for all incidence angles less than 70∘. The findings of this study hold significant potential for the advancement of ceramic-based auxetic metamaterials in EM absorption applications within the aerospace industry.