bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding the sweet spot in camera trapping: A global synthesis and meta‐analysis of minimum sampling effort
Authors: Ghazian Nargol , Lortie Christopher J. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryCamera traps are one of the most common tools in wildlife and conservation biology. Sampling can document and measure animal presence and activity. Captures can be used to estimate population parameters such as presence, abundance, habitat suitability, and resident species richness of specific populations. Effective camera trapping is relevant to conservation for many reasons. For instance, they can be used to inform pre‐ and post‐restoration efforts, monitor the use of artificial structures by species and assess behaviours like predator–prey interactions. This sampling approach can aid in assessing diversity change, habitat change, pre‐ and post‐restoration efforts, artificial structure effects, species presence, and animal behaviour. We reviewed the literature to collect data and estimate incidence effect size measures for both vertebrate abundance and vertebrate richness to examine the relative efficacy of deploying more camera traps for a given period in different ecosystems. Increasing sampling effort through an increased number of cameras significantly increased net positive abundance detection rates in grasslands and mixed ecosystems. Net richness detection rates in mixed, tropical, deciduous, and grassland ecosystems similarly increased with the number of cameras deployed. The total number of days, however, was not a significant predictor of abundance or richness rates detected in any ecosystem. These findings suggest that deploying relatively more cameras for relatively fewer days provides the most effective estimates of vertebrate abundance and richness for a region.
Assessment of tree fern browsing by introduced Sambar Deer in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Bennett Ami 
Published: June 2023

SummaryBrowsing on tree ferns (Cyathea australis and Dicksonia antarctica) was assessed at Mt Toolebewong, Victoria, Australia, where a population of Sambar (Rusa unicolor), a large deer species, is known to occur and compared with tree fern browsing at Tarra‐Bulga National Park, Victoria, where Sambar are uncommon. At Mt Toolebewong, 52% of surveyed tree ferns had been browsed, with most damage occurring on individuals up to 130 cm high and typically involving removal of most or all of a frond to the base of the rachis. In contrast, only 7% of tree ferns had been browsed at Tarra‐Bulga, with none browsed above 85 cm and only the frond tips removed. Browsing of whole fronds on mid‐size tree ferns at Mt Toolebewong is attributed to the population of Sambar, and the lower intensity of browsing on smaller tree ferns at Tarra‐Bulga to native herbivores. Populations of Sambar in wet forests of south‐eastern Australia may, therefore, hinder recruitment of tree ferns into larger size‐classes, at least at sites where tree ferns are favoured browse. The potential ecological consequences and management implications are discussed. Information is lacking on the severity and spatial scale over which deer impact tree fern populations. Tree fern browsing may be locally severe with site‐ and height‐based browse evidence suggesting that this can largely be attributed to introduced Sambar. Browsing by deer has the potential to decrease growth, reduce survival and prevent recruitment of tree ferns into larger class sizes, with potentially detrimental implications for tree fern populations, associated species such as epiphytic flora, and the structure and function of wet forest ecosystems. Collection of appropriate field data will provide a better understanding of tree fern browsing and identify if and where management intervention is required.
Interictal respiratory variability predicts severity of hypoxemia after generalized convulsive seizures
Authors: Sainju Rup K. , Dragon Deidre N. , Winnike Harold B. , Vilella Laura , Li Xiaojin , Lhatoo Samden , Ten Eyck Patrick , Wendt Linder H. , Richerson George B. , Gehlbach Brian K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveSevere respiratory dysfunction induced by generalized convulsive seizures (GCS) is now thought to be a common mechanism for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). In a mouse model of seizure‐induced death, increased interictal respiratory variability was reported in mice that later died of respiratory arrest after GCS. We studied respiratory variability in epilepsy patients as a predictive tool for severity of postictal hypoxemia, a potential biomarker for SUDEP risk. We then explored the relationship between respiratory variability and central CO2 drive, measured by the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR).MethodsWe reviewed clinical, video‐electroencephalography, and respiratory (belts, airflow, pulse oximeter, and HCVR) data of epilepsy patients. Mean, SD, and coefficient of variation (CV) of interbreath interval (IBI) were calculated. Primary outcomes were: (1) nadir of capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) and (2) duration of oxygen desaturation. Poincaré plots of IBI were created. Covariates were evaluated in univariate models, then, based on Akaike information criteria (AIC), multivariate regression models were created.ResultsOf 66 GCS recorded in 131 subjects, 30 had interpretable respiratory data. In the multivariate model with the lowest AIC value, duration of epilepsy was a significant predictor of duration of oxygen desaturation. Duration of tonic phase and CV of IBI during the third postictal minute correlated with SpO2 nadir, whereas CV of IBI during non‐rapid eye movement sleep had a negative correlation. Poincaré plots showed that long‐term variability was significantly greater in subjects with ≥200 s of postictal oxygen desaturation after GCS compared to those with <200 s desaturation. Finally, HCVR slope showed a negative correlation with measures of respiratory variability.SignificanceThese results indicate that interictal respiratory variability predicts severity of postictal oxygen desaturation, suggesting its utility as a potential biomarker. They also suggest that interictal respiratory control may be abnormal in some patients with epilepsy.
A Hurst‐based diffusion model using time series characteristics for influence maximization in social networks
Authors: Saxena Bhawna , Saxena Vikas , Anand Nishit , Hassija Vikas , Chamola Vinay , Hussain Amir 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOnline social networks have grown exponentially in the recent years while finding applications in real life like marketing, recommendation systems, and social awareness campaigns. An important research area in this field is Influence Maximization, which pertains to finding methods for maximizing the spread of information (influence) across an OSN. Existing works in IM widely use a pre‐defined edge propagation probability for node activation. Hurst exponent (H), which depicts the self‐similarity in the time series depicting a user's past interaction behaviour, has also been used as activation criteria. In this work, we propose a Time Series Characteristic based Hurst‐based Diffusion Model (TSC‐HDM), which calculates H based on the stationary or non‐stationary characteristic of the time series. TSC‐HDM selects a handful of seed nodes and activates a seed node's inactive successor only if H > 0.5. The proposed model has been tested on four real‐world OSN datasets. The results have been compared against four other IM models – Independent Cascade, Weighted Cascade, Trivalency, and Hurst‐based Influence Maximization. TSC‐HDM is found to have achieved as much as 590% higher expected influence spread as compared to the other models. Moreover, TSC‐HDM has attained 344% better average influence spread than other state‐of‐the‐art models namely LIR, A‐Greedy, LPIMA, Genetic Algorithm with Dynamic Probabilities, NeighborsRemove, DegreeDecrease, IGIM, IRR, and PHG.
Graph attentive matrix factorization for social recommendation
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wu Bin , Ye Yangdong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecommender systems commonly encounter with the problems of data sparsity and cold start. Recently, social recommendation has emerged with the rapid expansion of social platforms, offering an opportunity to alleviate such two obstacles. Nevertheless, there are still two key limitations in existing studies. From the perspective of model design, previous social recommenders only consider the influence of a user's direct friends or uniformly treat the influences from different friends. From the perspective of model learning, most of them apply a sampling‐based optimization strategy, which requires high‐quality positive and negative samples. In light of the aforementioned limitations, we propose a new probabilistic method, named Graph Attentive Matrix Factorization (GAMF). Our method not only explicitly captures high‐order social relationships, but also adopts an attention mechanism to automatically pick up different influences between friends. Moreover, we develop an efficient optimization algorithm to learn model parameters in a non‐sampling manner. Extensive experiments on four large‐scale datasets show the superiority of GAMF over state‐of‐the‐art recommenders, especially under the cold start scenario.
It's just so difficult to get anything done: Teen mental health in the family court setting
Authors: Shear Leslie Ellen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNavigating the family court setting to protect teen mental health, meet teens' mental health needs, and promote resilience and coping skills is challenging. We have tools that can help us meet that challenge. That toolkit includes: expanding who is involved in the work to develop a parenting plan or treatment plan; not reducing the case to a one‐dimensional fact pattern; restructuring family court proceedings for ongoing problem‐solving, providing protections for the teen's privacy; using consensual dispute resolution and adjudication on parallel tracks; and educating the decision makers through expert declarations and Brandeis briefs (even at the trial court level).
FKBP25 regulates myoblast viability and migration and is differentially expressed in in vivo models of muscle adaptation
Authors: Cree Tabitha , Gomez Tania Ruz , Timpani Cara A. , Rybalka Emma , Price John T. , Goodman Craig A. 
Published: June 2023

FKBP25 (FKBP3 gene) is a dual‐domain PPIase protein that consists of a C‐terminal PPIase domain and an N‐terminal basic tilted helix bundle (BTHB). The PPIase domain of FKBP25 has been shown to bind to microtubules, which has impacts upon microtubule polymerisation and cell cycle progression. Using quantitative proteomics, it was recently found that FKBP25 was expressed in the top 10% of the mouse skeletal muscle proteome. However, to date there have been few studies investigating the role of FKBP25 in non‐transformed systems. As such, this study aimed to investigate potential roles for FKBP25 in myoblast viability, migration and differentiation and in adaptation of mature skeletal muscle. Doxycycline‐inducible FKBP25 knockdown in C2C12 myoblasts revealed an increase in cell accumulation/viability and migration in vitro that was independent of alterations in tubulin dynamics; however, FKBP25 knockdown had no discernible impact on myoblast differentiation into myotubes. Finally, a series of in vivo models of muscle adaptation were assessed, where it was observed that FKBP25 protein expression was increased in hypertrophy and regeneration conditions (chronic mechanical overload and the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy) but decreased in an atrophy model (denervation). Overall, the findings of this study establish FKBP25 as a regulator of myoblast viability and migration, with possible implications for satellite cell proliferation and migration and muscle regeneration, and as a potential regulator of in vivo skeletal muscle adaptation.
A new strategy for predicting fracture of U‐notched specimens made of Al‐6061‐T6 and Al‐5083 using extended finite element method
Authors: Bagheri Pedram , Torabi Ali Reza , Bahrami Bahador 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis research focuses on the numerical investigation of fracture loads of U‐notched specimens made of Al‐6061‐T6 and Al‐5083 under pure opening mode and mixed mode I/II loading conditions. A new methodology is introduced with the aid of the equivalent material concept (EMC) combined with the extended finite element method (XFEM) and linear cohesive zone model (CZM), and the outcomes are compared with a conventional elastic–plastic damage model. The combination of EMC and XFEM result in the numerical EMC‐XFEM model, which provides a fast and accurate method to assess the notch fracture loads and crack growth path. Considering the experimental results, a trial and error loop is performed to calibrate the ductile damage model, which is much more cumbersome than the proposed EMC‐XFEM model. Moreover, the computational cost of elastic–plastic model is much more than the EMC‐XFEM model, although both approaches provide appropriate predictions for fracture of ductile aluminum notches.
Functional dentition and well‐being among Chilean 80‐year‐olds
Authors: Sáenz‐Ravello Gustavo , Contreras Johanna , Baeza Mauricio , Silva Ana Beatriz , Danke Karen , Gonzalez Sebastián , Jara Gisela , Gamonal Jorge 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe Decade of Healthy Aging 2021‐2030 calls for a strengthening of the policies for older people in Latin America. An example of successful oral aging is the Japanese “8020” campaign, which achieved 50% of people aged 80 years having ≥20 teeth by 2016.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between having a functional dentition (≥20 teeth) and cognitive health, social participation, and quality of life in people aged ≥80 years.MethodsCross‐sectional data from 299 complete observations (weighted N = 436 981) of individuals aged ≥80 years from Chile's National Health Survey 2016‐2017 were included (3% of the population; total = 5520 clinical observations/weighted N = 14 518 969). Generalised structural equation models (GSEM) evaluated the association between having a functional dentition and cognitive health, measured with the Mini‐mental score, between having a functional dentition and social participation, and between having a functional dentition and quality of life, measured with the EQ‐5D‐3L. Models included the effect of mediators (daily fruit and vegetable consumption; oral health‐related quality of life score) and controlled for the exposure‐induced mediator‐outcome variables: sex, educational level, and location. Data were analysed using the STATA‐17 survey module. Statistical significance was set at P < .05 (95% confidence interval [CI]).ResultsThe sample was mostly female, had <8 years of education, and lived in urban areas. The prevalence of a functional dentition was 9.2% (95% CI 3.6,21.3/n = 21). GSEM demonstrated that the association between functional dentition and cognitive health was mediated by daily fruits and vegetables consumption (β = 0.12/95% CI 0.02,0.21/P = .015), with moderate strength of evidence. Additionally, there was strong evidence of an association between functional dentition and social participation frequency (β = 2.76/95% CI 0.60,4.73/P = .009). Finally, the association between functional dentition and quality of life was mediated by cognitive health (β =0.05/95% CI 0.02,0.09/P = .002) and oral health‐related quality of life (β = −0.04/95% CI −0.08 to −0.01/P = .025), with strong and moderate evidence, respectively.ConclusionGiven the beneficial implications of functional dentition in social participation, nutritional benefits and quality of life and well‐being of individuals aged ≥80 years.
Estimating Groundwater Pumping for Irrigation: A Method Comparison
Authors: Brookfield Andrea E. , Zipper Samuel , Kendall Anthony D. , Ajami Hoori , Deines Jillian M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEffective groundwater management is critical to future environmental, ecological, and social sustainability and requires accurate estimates of groundwater withdrawals. Unfortunately, these estimates are not readily available in most areas due to physical, regulatory, and social challenges. Here, we compare four different approaches for estimating groundwater withdrawals for agricultural irrigation. We apply these methods in a groundwater‐irrigated region in the state of Kansas, USA, where high‐quality groundwater withdrawal data are available for evaluation. The four methods represent a broad spectrum of approaches: (1) the hydrologically‐based Water Table Fluctuation method (WTFM); (2) the demand‐based SALUS crop model; (3) estimates based on satellite‐derived evapotranspiration (ET) data from OpenET; and (4) a landscape hydrology model which integrates hydrologic‐ and demand‐based approaches. The applicability of each approach varies based on data availability, spatial and temporal resolution, and accuracy of predictions. In general, our results indicate that all approaches reasonably estimate groundwater withdrawals in our region, however, the type and amount of data required for accurate estimates and the computational requirements vary among approaches. For example, WTFM requires accurate groundwater levels, specific yield, and recharge data, whereas the SALUS crop model requires adequate information about crop type, land use, and weather. This variability highlights the difficulty in identifying what data, and how much, are necessary for a reasonable groundwater withdrawal estimate, and suggests that data availability should drive the choice of approach. Overall, our findings will help practitioners evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches and select the appropriate approach for their application.
Long‐term outcomes of drug‐induced autoimmune‐like hepatitis after pulse steroid therapy
Authors: Ueno Masayuki , Takabatake Hiroyuki , Kayahara Takahisa , Morimoto Youichi , Notohara Kenji , Mizuno Motowo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimPulse steroid therapy occasionally causes drug‐induced autoimmune‐like hepatitis (DI‐ALH), but the long‐term outcome of treated patients is not well known. In this study, we investigated the long‐term outcomes of DI‐ALH due to pulse steroid therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 405 patients treated with pulse high‐dose methylprednisolone in Kurashiki Central Hospital. The frequency and clinicopathological characteristics of acute liver injury that occurred within 3 months after the therapy were analyzed. The diagnosis of DI‐ALH was made according to the revised international autoimmune hepatitis group criteria.ResultsAmong the 405 patients treated with methylprednisolone, 61 (15.1%) had acute liver injury after the pulse steroid therapy, and DI‐ALH was diagnosed in five patients (1.2%). Absence of oral prednisolone tapering after the pulse steroid therapy was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of DI‐ALH (odds ratio 11.9; p = 0.017). One patient was treated with 3 days of intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone. Two patients were treated with glycyrrhizin followed by oral prednisolone due to ineffectiveness of glycyrrhizin. Remission was achieved with glycyrrhizin alone, and spontaneous remission without drug therapy occurred in one patient each. During the median follow‐up period of 34 months, no relapse was evident in all the patients without maintenance therapy.ConclusionsPulse steroid therapy can cause DI‐ALH, especially when subsequent prednisolone is not tapered. Prednisolone is effective for DI‐ALH due to pulse steroid therapy, and can be safely withdrawn once remission is achieved.
Detection of salivary gland and sinonasal fusions by a next‐generation sequencing based, ligation‐dependent, multiplex RT‐PCR assay
Authors: Lanic Marie‐Delphine , Guérin René , Wassef Michel , Durdilly Pauline , Rainville Vinciane , Sater Vincent , Jardin Fabrice , Ruminy Philippe , Costes‐Martineau Valérie , Laé Marick 
Published: June 2023

AimsThe discovery of tumour type‐specific gene fusion oncogenes in benign and malignant salivary gland and sinonasal (SGSN) tumours has significantly increased our knowledge about their molecular pathology and classification.Methods and resultsWe developed a new targeted multiplexed next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based method that utilizes ligation dependent reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (LD‐RT‐PCR) to detect oncogenic fusion transcripts involving 116 genes, leading to 96 gene fusions known to be recurrently rearranged in these tumours. In all, 180 SGSN tumours (formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded samples, 141 specimens and 39 core needle biopsies) from the REFCORpath (French network for rare head and neck cancers) with previously identified fusion genes by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH), RT‐PCR, or molecular immunohistochemistry were selected to test its specificity and sensitivity and validate its diagnostic use. Tested tumours encompassed 14 major tumours types, including secretory carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, salivary gland intraductal carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, adamantinoma‐like Ewing Sarcoma, EWSR1::COLCA2 sinonasal sarcoma, DEK::AFF2 sinonasal carcinoma, and biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma. In‐frame fusion transcripts were detected in 97.8% of cases (176/180). Gene fusion assay results correlated with conventional techniques (immunohistochemistry [IHC], FISH, and RT‐PCR) in 176/180 tumours (97.8%).ConclusionThis targeted multiplexed NGS‐based LD‐RT‐PCR method is a robust, highly sensitive method for the detection of recurrent gene fusions from routine clinical SGSN tumours. It can be easily customized to cover new fusions. These results are promising for implementing an integrated NGS system to rapidly detect genetic aberrations, facilitating accurate, genomics‐based diagnoses, and accelerate time to precision therapies in SGSN tumours.
“It's not a nice thing to do, but…”: A phenomenological study of manual physical restraint within inpatient adolescent mental health care
Authors: Kodua Michael , Eboh Winifred Oluchukwu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo explore nursing staff's experiences of using manual (physical) restraint within inpatient adolescent mental health care.DesignThis was a descriptive phenomenological study.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 nursing staff between March 2021 and July 2021. The nursing staff were recruited from four inpatient adolescent mental health hospitals across three National Health Service Trusts in England. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive approach to thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were generated from the analysis: (1) it needs to be done sometimes; (2) it's not a nice thing to do; (3) it does not really damage the therapeutic relationship; and (4) importance of team support. Despite strongly reporting that it was sometimes necessary to manually restrain young people for substantial safety reasons, participants spoke with dislike about its use, and described consequential aversive experiences of emotional distress, patient aggression, pain and injury, and physical exhaustion. Participants reported relying on each other for emotional and practical support. Three participants reported observing premature restraint use by non‐permanent staff.ConclusionThe findings detail a paradoxical picture of the nursing staff's experiences where restraint is experienced as psychologically and physically aversive yet deemed as sometimes necessary to prevent significant harm.Reporting MethodThe Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist was used to guide reporting.ImpactThis study suggests a need for the targeting of non‐permanent staff for restraint minimization interventions, and highlights how the treatment of non‐permanent staff by permanent staff may contribute to avoidable restraint practices. The findings indicate several ways in which the staff‐young person therapeutic relationship can be preserved in the context of restraint. However, this needs to be treated with caution given that young people's voices were missing from this study.Patient or Public ContributionThis study focused on nursing staff's experiences.