bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minor tranquillizers for short-term treatment of newly onset symptoms of anxiety and distress: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Munkholm Klaus , Ussing Anja , Brink Maria , Edemann-Callesen Henriette , Canbolat Sengül Sari , Christensen Robin , Dahl Kristine Søgaard , Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Jensen Mikkel Erik Juul , Kierulf-Lassen Casper , Madsen Gitte Krogh , Nielsen Sabrina Mai , Paulsen Camilla Paludan , Rohde Jeanett Friis , Tarp Simon , Baandrup Lone 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnspecific symptoms of anxiety and distress are frequently encountered in patients in both general practice and acute psychiatric services. Minor tranquillizers may be a treatment option when non-pharmacological interventions are insufficient or unavailable. We conducted a systematic review with network meta-analysis of the evidence for short-term (1–4 weeks) pharmacological treatment of newly onset symptoms of anxiety and distress. We searched the PsycInfo, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases and extracted data following a predefined hierarchy of outcomes. We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework (GRADE). We included 34 randomized trials comprising a total of 7044 patients with adjustment disorders or anxiety spectrum disorders. The network meta-analysis showed that regarding the critical outcome symptoms of anxiety within 1–4 weeks benzodiazepines (SMD − 0.58, 95% CI − 0.77 to − 0.40), quetiapine (SMD − 0.51, 95% CI − 0.90 to − 0.13) and pregabalin (SMD − 0.58, 95% CI − 0.87 to − 0.28) all performed better than placebo with no statistically significant difference between the drugs. Data on other important outcomes were inconsistently reported. Adverse effects varied, but overall, it was uncertain whether adverse effects differed between interventions. The evidence regarding the risk of dependence was uncertain, but dependence may be a concern in susceptible individuals even with short-term treatment. Overall, the certainty of the evidence according to GRADE was rated as low to very low across outcomes. Despite the limitations in the evidence, the results of this review can inform treatment guidelines, supporting clinicians in the choice of minor tranquillizer in this prevalent and help-seeking, clinically heterogeneous population.
Dimensionality reduction approach based on modified hunger games search: case study on Parkinson’s disease phonation
Authors: Hashim Fatma A. , Neggaz Nabil , Mostafa Reham R. , Abualigah Laith , Damasevicius Robertas , Hussien Abdelazim G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHunger Games Search (HGS) is a newly developed swarm-based algorithm inspired by the cooperative behavior of animals and their hunting strategies to find prey. However, HGS has been observed to exhibit slow convergence and may struggle with unbalanced exploration and exploitation phases. To address these issues, this study proposes a modified version of HGS called mHGS, which incorporates five techniques: (1) modified production operator, (2) modified variation control, (3) modified local escaping operator, (4) modified transition factor, and (5) modified foraging behavior. To validate the effectiveness of the mHGS method, 18 different benchmark datasets for dimensionality reduction are utilized, covering a range of sizes (small, medium, and large). Additionally, two Parkinson’s disease phonation datasets are employed as real-world applications to demonstrate the superior capabilities of the proposed approach. Experimental and statistical results obtained through the mHGS method indicate its significant performance improvements in terms of Recall, selected attribute count, Precision, F-score, and accuracy when compared to the classical HGS and seven other well-established methods: Gradient-based optimizer (GBO), Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO), and Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO).
Akzeptanz grenzüberschreitender Rettungsdiensteinsätze
Authors: Bäßler Julian , Orsson Jakub , Kuntosch Julia , Fleßa Steffen 
Published: August 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Um eine grenzüberschreitende Notfallversorgung zwischen Deutschland und Polen zu etablieren, ist die Einbeziehung aller Stakeholder notwendig. Diese Forschungsarbeit erfasste erstmalig die Akzeptanz zur Versorgung durch einen ausländischen Rettungsdienst aus Bevölkerungsperspektive.

Methodik
An der qualitativen Befragung nahmen insgesamt 422 Personen aus Deutschland und Polen teil. Die strukturierten Interviews wurden mithilfe eines Befragungsleitfadens durchgeführt, elektronisch dokumentiert und für weitere Analysen kategorisiert.

Ergebnisse
99 % der deutschen Befragten und 97 % der polnischen Befragten waren dazu bereit, sich in einem medizinischen Notfall auch von einem Rettungsdienst des Nachbarlandes versorgen zu lassen, wenn dieser schneller bei ihnen sein kann als der heimische Rettungsdienst. Darüber hinaus konnten zahlreiche Herausforderungen erfasst werden, die die Interaktion zwischen dem Rettungsteam und den Betroffenen erschweren können. Hierbei wurden vor allem Sprachbarrieren, Unsicherheiten zur Finanzierung der Behandlungskosten und unterschiedliche medizinische Standards genannt. Um diesen Herausforderungen entgegenzuwirken, formulierte ein Großteil der Befragten mögliche Lösungsansätze.

Diskussion
Trotz der Herausforderungen, die mit einer grenzüberschreitenden Notfallversorgung einhergehen können, sind über 97 % der Befragten dazu bereit, sich auch von einem ausländischen Rettungsdienst versorgen zu lassen. Eine schnelle Versorgung wird von den Befragten deutlich höher priorisiert als die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen.

Graphic abstract
How do enhanced videos support generative learning and conceptual understanding in individuals and groups?
Authors: Ruf Alessia , Zahn Carmen , Roos Anna-Lena , Opwis Klaus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVideos are an increasingly popular medium for supporting learning in various educational settings. Nowadays, newly designed video-based environments contain enhanced tools that allow for specific interactions with video materials (such as adding annotations and hyperlinks) which may well support generative learning and conceptual understanding. However, to exploit the potentials of such enhanced tools, we need to gain a deeper understanding on the learning processes and outcomes that go along with using these tools. Thus, we conducted a controlled laboratory experiment with 209 participants who were engaged in learning a complex topic by using different enhanced video tools (annotations vs. hyperlinks vs. control group) in different social learning settings (individual vs. collaborative learning in dyads). Findings revealed that participants who learned with hyperlinks and participants in collaborative settings created hypervideo products of higher quality than learners in other conditions. Participants who learned with annotations assessed their knowledge gain higher and had higher results in conceptual understanding when they experienced low cognitive load. With our study we contribute new original work to advance cognitive research on learning with enhanced video learning environments. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Proteomics Analysis of Polyphyllin D-Treated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Reveal the Anticancer Mechanisms of Polyphyllin D
Authors: Wei Chuanchao , Mao Anwei , Liu Yongzhi , Zhang Qing , Pan Gaofeng , Liu Weiyan , Liu Jiazhe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolyphyllin D (PD), one of the important steroid saponins in traditional medicinal herb Paris polyphylla, has been demonstrated to have anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanisms through which PD exerts its anticancer effects in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. Our study was presented to evaluate the anticancer effect and the potential mechanisms of PD in two TNBC cell lines, BT-549 and MDA-MB-231. Through comprehensively comparing the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) data of PD-treated and untreated BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells, we found that PD could induce apoptosis of TNBC cells by activating oxidative phosphorylation pathway in BT-549 cells, as well as inhibiting spliceosome function alteration in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results suggested that the mechanisms underlying the pro-apoptotic effect of PD on TNBC may be cell type-specificity-dependent. Moreover, we found that nodal modulator 2/3 (NOMO2/3) were downregulated both in PD-treated BT-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that NOMO2/3 may be the potential target of PD. Verification experiments revealed that PD deceased NOMO2/3 expression at protein level, rather than mRNA level. Whether NOMO2/3 are the upstream modulators of oxidative phosphorylation pathway and spliceosome needs further validation. In conclusion, a comprehensive proteomics study was performed on PD-treated or untreated TNBC cells, revealing the anticancer mechanisms of PD.
International Cooperation, Criminal Justice and Human Rights: The Missing Link
Authors: Sadouk Rachid 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
International society has recently witnessed the emergence of two interrelated trends: on the one hand, the significant rise in transnational crimes, which constitute a serious challenge to States’ traditional security capabilities, and the noticeable increase in the number of international instruments put in place to bring that challenge to acceptable levels, on the other hand. The great emphasis the international community has put on the principle “aut dedere aut judicare” to strengthen the universal legal regime against serious crimes and to deny safe haven to their perpetrators is challenged not only by political, legislative and practical considerations pertaining to the lack of ratification and incorporation of international conventions and the wide disparity between States as to their implementation capacity, but also by the inherent differences between States’ differing legal systems. This is an area that, despite its relevance to international cooperation and human rights, has long been ignored by criminal justice comparative studies. Based on actual cases such as the Ramda and El Guerbouzi cases, this article examines and assesses the impact of the differences between civil law and common law systems on the effectiveness of international cooperation and human rights. It argues that, unless these differences are acknowledged and properly dealt with, perpetrators of serious crime will continue to constitute a serious threat to our peace and security.
Reasons for Belief and Aretaic Obligations
Authors: Smith Emmanuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
I argue that, if doxastic involuntarism is true, then we should reconceive what are traditionally called reasons for belief. The truth of doxastic involuntarism would rule out a certain understanding of reasons for belief according to which they are reasons to form, alter, or relinquish beliefs. Thus, reconceiving reasons for belief would require reconceiving doxastic obligations. I argue that, in fact, a reconception of reasons for belief warrants abandoning the notion of doxastic obligations, understood as obligations to perform acts of belief formation, alteration, or relinquishment. Instead, the only sorts of obligations we would have that concern our doxastic states would be aretaic or practical.
Structural impairment in superficial and deep white matter in schizophrenia
Authors: Joo Sung Woo , Jo Young Tak , Ahn Soojin , Choi Young Jae , Choi Woohyeok , Kim Sang Kyoung , Joe Soohyun , Lee Jungsun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Although disconnectivity among brain regions has been one of the main hypotheses for schizophrenia, the superficial white matter (SWM) has received less attention in schizophrenia research than the deep white matter (DWM) owing to the challenge of consistent reconstruction across subjects.

Methods:
We obtained the diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data of 223 healthy controls and 143 patients with schizophrenia. After harmonising the raw dMRIs from three different studies, we performed whole-brain two-tensor tractography and fibre clustering on the tractography data. We compared the fractional anisotropy (FA) of white matter tracts between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia. Spearman’s rho was adopted for the associations with clinical symptoms measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The Bonferroni correction was used to adjust multiple testing.

Results:
Among the 33 DWM and 8 SWM tracts, patients with schizophrenia had a lower FA in 14 DWM and 4 SWM tracts than healthy controls, with small effect sizes. In the patient group, the FA deviations of the corticospinal and superficial–occipital tracts were negatively correlated with the PANSS negative score; however, this correlation was not evident after adjusting for multiple testing.

Conclusion:
We observed the structural impairments of both the DWM and SWM tracts in patients with schizophrenia. The SWM could be a potential target of interest in future research on neural biomarkers for schizophrenia.
Current and future approaches to shifting businesses towards plastic-free packaging systems based on reduction and reuse
Authors: Blumhardt Hannah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The fate of plastics and packaging are intimately connected; plastics revolutionised the world of packaging, and today, packaging is plastics’ biggest market. However, as awareness of plastics’ negative human and environmental impacts grows, policymakers, civil society and industry are seeking alternatives to plastic packaging as a pathway to reducing plastics production, waste and pollution. The shortcomings of recycling, lightweighting and material substitution strategies has turned attention to source reduction strategies up the waste hierarchy. These strategies transform products, business models and supply chains to prevent packaging altogether or accommodate reusable packaging systems. As these are radical changes from business-as-usual, widespread industry uptake has not been forthcoming. This review highlights three categories of current and potential approaches to incentivising businesses to adopt plastic-free packaging systems based on reduction and reuse: persuasion, legislation and enabling measures. Predominant persuasive approaches based on voluntarism are not delivering desired results under current policy settings and could be more successful if combined with legislative reform to level the economic playing field between single-use and reuse. Additionally, enabling measures that fill practical and infrastructural system-level gaps could help to accelerate and coordinate uptake of effective and efficient unpackaged or reusable packaging systems.
Detection of the β-lactoglobulin genotype in zebu cattle (Gangatiri) milk using high-resolution accurate mass spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Manish Kumar , Kumar Arvind , Nimmanapalli Ramadevi , Pandey Anand Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe studied the genetic polymorphism of beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) whey protein in Gangatiri zebu cows for this Research Communication. The polymorphic nature of milk protein fractions and their association with milk production traits, composition and quality has attracted several efforts in evaluating the allelic distribution of protein locus as a potential dairy trait marker. Genetic variants of β-Lg have highly significant effects on casein number (B > A) and protein recovery (B > A) and also determine the yield of cheese dry matter (B > A). Molecular techniques of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-resolution accurate mass-spectroscopy were applied to characterize the β-Lg protein obtained from the Gangatiri breed milk. Sequence analysis of β-Lg showed the presence of variant B having UniProt database accession number P02754, coded on the PAEP gene. Our study can provide reference and guidance for the selection of superior milk (having β-LgB) from this indigenous breed that could potentially give a good yield of β-Lg for industrial applications.
Theodore of Tarsus and the Study of Computus at the Canterbury School
Authors: Loevenich Tobit , Warntjes Immo 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTThe Irish Computus Einsidlensis (CE) of c. 700 contains a reference to a certain Theodore. This article makes the case that this Theodore should be identified with Theodore of Tarsus, archbishop of Canterbury from 668/9 to his death, 690, on the basis of comparison not only with other contemporary Latin versions of the same argumentum, but also Byzantine computi. The passage under discussion represents the only known computistical tract that can with confidence be ascribed to the famous Canterbury school under Theodore and Hadrian. From the evidence provided, it appears that Theodore learnt this algorithm while studying in the Byzantine Empire and introduced it through his teaching to his Canterbury audience; his Irish students brought it to Ireland, from where it got popularised on the Continent through Willibrord.
Fluconazole and echinocandin resistance of Candida species in invasive candidiasis at a university hospital during pre-COVID-19 and the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Szekely Jidapa , Rakchang Wiraphan , Rattanaphan Paramaporn , Kositpantawong Narongdet 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Antifungal susceptibility of Candida species is decreasing. Successful treatment for antifungal-resistant candida infection is challenging and associated with significant mortality. We performed a prospective observational study to identify the species and antifungal susceptibilities of invasive isolates of Candida species over a 5-year period at a university hospital in southern Thailand. Between 2017 and 2021, the species distribution was 39.1% Candida tropicalis, 24.8% Candida albicans, 20.3% Candida parapsilosis complex, 10.5% Candida glabrata, and 5.2% miscellaneous Candida spp. Notable observations include elevated minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and decrease susceptibility of C. tropicalis and C. glabrata to echinocandin and all tested triazoles. A shift of MIC90 value in the COVID-19 era was seen in C. albicans and C. tropicalis with azoles and echinocandins. Azole resistance increased among C. tropicalis isolates, and echinocandin resistance also increased among C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata isolates. Novel alterations in FKS1 HS1 and HS2 were detected in both isolates of anidulafungin-resistant C. parapsilosis. As Candida species have become more resistant to azoles and less susceptible to echinocandin development, the need arose to observe the emergence of resistance to both antifungal classes in candida clinical isolates, for a more effective infection control in the hospital.
‘Showing people part of your life’: service-user experiences of taking and sharing photographs in a DBT-informed emotional coping skills group
Authors: Barrow J.L. , Masterson C. , Lee R. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The added value of using photographs to explore experiences has been embraced in research methods such as photo-elicitation and Photovoice. Despite evidence that photographs aid communication and understanding, there is little research investigating photograph use within cognitive behavioural therapy. This project explores participant experiences of taking and sharing photographs within a dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)-informed emotional coping skills group intervention. Five service users were recruited from groups that had implemented the taking and sharing of photographs as a feature of homework tasks and feedback. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, using the photographs taken for the group as prompts, and interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to develop themes. Group evaluation data were used to support the analysis. Participants were positive about the impact of the photographs, despite initially experiencing anxieties regarding sharing them. The task supported them to express themselves in ways that added value to verbal feedback, which had benefits for group relationships and for the therapeutic tasks such as mindful observing. Further research is indicated, given the small sample and participants all being white, working-age females. However, the findings suggest that using photographs as homework tasks could support communication and the exploration of experiences that may be difficult to express using words.

Key learning aims

(1)
Photographs may be an excellent tool for the communication of meaning and emotion in therapy.

(2)
Photographs taken on smartphones are likely to be a user-friendly, familiar and effective addition to homework recording tools.

(3)
Sharing photographs may have particular benefit for service users who struggle to be open about or express their feelings.

(4)
Photographs can provide a prop to help service users share experiences in a non-verbal way, which may help when working with people who struggle to describe their emotional experiences.

(5)
Sharing photographs can lead to a deeper connection with others, although some negotiation about what types of images can be captured will need agreement in a group setting.
A galaxy of norms: UN peace operations and protection of the environment in relation to armed conflict
Authors: Tignino Mara , Kebebew Tadesse 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGiven the increasing size and functions of United Nations (UN) peace operations (POs) and the fact that they often operate in contexts where natural resources are degraded, POs have repercussions on the environment. Yet, there is not much literature on their obligations regarding the protection of the environment in relation to armed conflicts. This article provides insights into the obligations of POs in relation to armed conflict. First, it highlights POs’ customary international environmental law obligations. Second, it delves into their environmental obligations under the UN's internal rules and the host State's laws. Third, it explores obligations that arise from their mandates. In each of these sections, the article highlights the relevance and application of these obligations in armed conflicts. The last section examines the obligations of POs to protect the natural environment under international humanitarian law.
Extensive Accumulation of Nitrous Oxide in the Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Toyoda Sakae , Terajima Kotaro , Yoshida Naohiro , Yoshikawa Chisato , Makabe Akiko , Hashihama Fuminori , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe production by microorganisms of nitrous oxide (N2O), a trace gas contributing to global warming and stratospheric ozone depletion, is enhanced around the oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The production constitutes an important source of atmospheric N2O. Although an OMZ is found in the northern part of the eastern Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal (BoB), two earlier studies conducted during the later phase of winter monsoon (February) and spring intermonsoon (March–April) found quite different magnitudes of N2O accumulation. This study found two‐ to ten‐fold greater accumulation of N2O during the autumn intermonsoon (November) than for other seasons described in earlier reports. The maximum N2O concentration (136 nmol kg−1 at 16°N, 88°E) is comparable to those observed around the OMZ in the Arabian Sea or eastern tropical Pacific. Isotopic signatures suggest that bacterial denitrification and archeal nitrification play important roles in N2O production, but earlier studies using nitrate or nitrite analysis did not confirm denitrification in the BoB. Large seasonal variation of N2O implicates the BoB as an important N2O source, similar to the Arabian Sea and eastern tropical Pacific, if the accumulated N2O is emitted to the atmosphere during the subsequent monsoon season.