bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatients in substance use treatment with co-occurring psychiatric disorders: a prospective cohort study of characteristics and relapse predictors
Authors: Andersson Helle Wessel , Mosti Mats P. , Nordfjaern Trond 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The characteristics of substance use disorder (SUD) inpatients with co-occurring psychiatric disorders (COD) have been scantly described in the extant literature. This study investigated psychological, demographic and substance use characteristics in these patients, along with predictors of relapse 3 months post-treatment.

Methods
Prospective data from a cohort of 611 inpatients were analyzed for demographics, motivation, mental distress, SUD diagnosis, psychiatric diagnoses (ICD-10) and relapse rate at 3 months post-treatment (retention rate = 70%).

Results
Compared to patients without COD (n = 322), those with COD (n = 289) were younger, had higher mental distress, lower education and higher likelihood of no permanent residence. The relapse rate was also higher in patients with COD (39.8%) relative to patients without COD (26.4%) (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.23–2.78). The relapse rate was particularly high for patients with COD who were diagnosed with cannabis use disorder (53.3%). Multivariate analysis revealed that among patients with COD, relapse was more likely for individuals with a cannabis use disorder (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.34-4.00), and less likely for older ages (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00), females (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33–0.98) and for those with higher intrinsic motivation (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.42–0.81).

Conclusion
This study showed that among SUD inpatients, those with COD had relatively persistent high levels of mental distress and an increased risk of relapse. Enhanced measures aimed at COD patients’ mental health problems during the inpatient stay, along with close and personalized follow-up after discharge from residential SUD treatment may reduce the probability of relapse in this group.
Associations of genetic markers of diabetes mellitus with carotid atherosclerosis: a community-based case–control study
Authors: Wu Tzu-Wei , Chou Chao-Liang , Cheng Chun-Fang , Lu Shu-Xin , Wu Yih-Jer , Wang Li-Yu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established determinant of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified several single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly correlated with DM. The study aimed to explore the relationships of the top significant DM SNPs with carotid atherosclerosis (CA).

Methods
We used a case–control design and randomly selected 309 cases and 439 controls with and without, respectively, carotid plaque (CP) from a community-based cohort. Eight recent GWAS on DM in East Asians reported hundreds of SNPs with genome-wide significance. The study used the top significant DM SNPs, with a p-value < 10–16, as the candidate genetic markers of CA. The independent effects of these DM SNPs on CA were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analyses to control the effects of conventional cardio-metabolic risk factors.

Results
Multivariable analyses showed that, 9 SNPs, including rs4712524, rs1150777, rs10842993, rs2858980, rs9583907, rs1077476, rs7180016, rs4383154, and rs9937354, showed promising associations with the presence of carotid plaque (CP). Among them, rs9937354, rs10842993, rs7180016, and rs4383154 showed significantly independent effects. The means (SD) of the 9-locus genetic risk score (9-GRS) of CP-positive and -negative subjects were 9.19 (1.53) and 8.62 (1.63), respectively (p < 0.001). The corresponding values of 4-locus GRS (4-GRS) were 4.02 (0.81) and. 3.78 (0.92), respectively (p < 0.001). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of having CP for per 1.0 increase in 9-GRS and 4-GRS were 1.30 (95% CI 1.18–1.44; p = 4.7 × 10–7) and 1.47 (95% CI 1.74–9.40; p = 6.1 × 10–5), respectively. The means of multi-locus GRSs of DM patients were similar to those of CP-positive subjects and higher than those of CP-negative or DM-negative subjects.

Conclusions
We identified 9 DM SNPs showing promising associations with CP. The multi-locus GRSs may be used as biomarkers for the identification and prediction of high-risks subjects for atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic diseases. Future studies on these specific SNPs and their associated genes may provide valuable information for the preventions of DM and atherosclerosis.
Mental health outcomes and quality of life of Ukrainian refugees in Germany
Authors: Buchcik Johanna , Kovach Viktoriia , Adedeji Adekunle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe war in Ukraine has generated an increase in the number of refugees. As one of the top recipients of refugees, Germany has introduced policies to ease the integration of Ukrainians. The current study explores mental health outcomes and their association with quality of life among a sample of Ukrainian refugees in Germany. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of Ukrainian refugees in Germany (n = 304) using standardised instruments. A t-test was used to check for possible significant differences based on gender. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse potential associations between general health (GHQ-12) and depressive symptoms and anxiety (PHQ-4), and quality of life (EUROHIS-QOL 8 item). Female participants reported significantly higher psychological distress, depressive symptoms and anxiety. The significant model (p < .001) for the males accounts for 33.6% of the variance in quality of life. General psychological distress (β = − .240) and depressive symptoms and anxiety (β = − .411) are associated with decreased quality of life. For the female sample (p < .001), the model explains 35.7% of the variance in quality of life. General psychological distress (β = − .402) and depressive symptoms and anxiety (β = − .261) are associated with decreased quality of life. The current study provides the first knowledge on the prevalence of mental health problems and their associations with quality of life among Ukrainian refugees. The findings further identify the vulnerability of women refugees to poorer mental health outcomes. The results also confirm that traumatic experiences in the context of war explain a considerable bulk of mental health problems.
IL-33-mediated activation of mast cells is involved in the progression of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis
Authors: Zhou Xuyue , Hu Yu , Liu Lingxi , Liu Lihao , Chen Hongying , Huang Dan , Ju Mei , Luan Chao , Chen Kun , Zhang Jiaan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis with an unclear pathogenesis. Mast cells (MCs) can serve as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and are involved in the regulation of the inflammatory state and immune homeostasis in diseases. MCs constitutively express interleukin-33 receptor T1/ST2 (IL-33R). IL-33 is a potent MCs activator that is actively secreted by keratinocytes in psoriasis. However, the regulatory role of MCs in psoriasis remains uncertain. Therefore, we hypothesised that IL-33 could promote MC activation to regulate psoriasis development.

Methods
We performed experiments on wild-type (WT) and MC-deficient (Kit Wsh/Wsh) mice, established psoriasis-like mouse models using imiquimod (IMQ), and performed RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis of skin lesions. Exogenous administration was performed using recombinant IL-33. Validation and evaluation were performed using PSI scoring, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and qPCR.

Results
We observed an upregulation in the number and activation of MCs in patients with psoriasis and in IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. Deficiency of MCs ameliorates IMQ-induced psoriatic dermatitis at an early stage. IL-33 is increased and co-localized with MCs in the dermis of psoriasis-like lesions using immunofluorescence. Compared to WT mice, IMQ-induced KitWsh/Wsh mice demonstrated a delayed response to exogenous IL-33.

Conclusions
MCs are activated by IL-33 in the early stages of psoriasis and exacerbate psoriasis-associated skin inflammation. The regulation of MC homeostasis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for psoriasis.
The recovery of upper limb function and postoperative pain in children with lateral humeral condyle fractures were examined retrospectively in relation to the effects of brachial plexus block given in conjunction with general anesthesia
Authors: Li Fan , Yang Qiao , Yi Jinrong , Chen Aiqiong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To assess in retrospect the effects of brachial plexus block and general anesthesia on children with lateral humeral condyle fractures in terms of postoperative pain and return of upper limb function.

Methods
Randomly allocated to either the control group (n = 51) or the study group (n = 55) were children with lateral humeral condyle fractures who were admitted to our hospital between October 2020 and October 2021, depending on the surgical anesthetic technique used. The research group had internal fixation surgery with brachial plexus block in addition to anesthesia on the basis of the control group, whereas both groups of children underwent the procedure with general anesthesia alone. Postoperative pain degree, upper extremity functional recovery, occurrence of adverse reactions, etc.

Results
The study group had shorter mean times for surgery, anesthesia, propofol dose, return to consciousness, and extubation than the control group did at every measure of statistical significance. The T2 heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were both significantly lower than the pre-anesthesia HR and MAP, and the T1, T2, and T3 HR and MAP were all significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The difference between the SpO2 values at T0 and T3 was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the VAS scores at 4 h, 12 h, and 48 h after surgery were higher than those at 2 h after surgery, and reached the peak at 4 h after surgery; within 2 h, 4 h, and 12 h of surgery At 48 h, the study group had substantially lower VAS ratings than the control group (P < 0.05). Post-treatment Fugl–Meyer scale scores were considerably higher across the board compared to pre-treatment levels in both groups. When compared to the control group, individuals who participated in the flexion-stretching coordinated exercise and the separation exercise had significantly better ratings. Electrocardiogram, blood pressure, respiratory circulation, and hemodynamic parameters all remained within normal limits during the surgical procedure. The study group had a 9.09% reduced incidence of adverse events compared to the control group. 19.61% (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
When used in conjunction with general anesthesia, brachial plexus block can help children with lateral humeral condyle fractures regulate perioperative signs, maintain their hemodynamic level, lessen postoperative pain and unpleasant reactions, and improve the function of their upper limbs. Functional recovery, with high safety and effectiveness.
Inflammasome activation under high cholesterol load triggers a protective microglial phenotype while promoting neuronal pyroptosis
Authors: de Dios Cristina , Abadin Xenia , Roca-Agujetas Vicente , Jimenez-Martinez Marina , Morales Albert , Trullas Ramon , Mari Montserrat , Colell Anna 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Persistent inflammatory response in the brain can lead to tissue damage and neurodegeneration. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is an aberrant activation of inflammasomes, molecular platforms that drive inflammation through caspase-1-mediated proteolytic cleavage of proinflammatory cytokines and gasdermin D (GSDMD), the executor of pyroptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the sustained activation of inflammasomes in AD are largely unknown. We have previously shown that high brain cholesterol levels promote amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and oxidative stress. Here, we investigate whether these cholesterol-mediated changes may regulate the inflammasome pathway.

Methods
SIM-A9 microglia and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were cholesterol-enriched using a water-soluble cholesterol complex. After exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus muramyl dipeptide or Aβ, activation of the inflammasome pathway was analyzed by immunofluorescence, ELISA and immunoblotting analysis. Fluorescently-labeled Aβ was employed to monitor changes in microglia phagocytosis. Conditioned medium was used to study how microglia-neuron interrelationship modulates the inflammasome-mediated response.

Results
In activated microglia, cholesterol enrichment promoted the release of encapsulated IL-1β accompanied by a switch to a more neuroprotective phenotype, with increased phagocytic capacity and release of neurotrophic factors. In contrast, in SH-SY5Y cells, high cholesterol levels stimulated inflammasome assembly triggered by both bacterial toxins and Aβ peptides, resulting in GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis. Glutathione (GSH) ethyl ester treatment, which recovered the cholesterol-mediated depletion of mitochondrial GSH levels, significantly reduced the Aβ-induced oxidative stress in the neuronal cells, resulting in lower inflammasome activation and cell death. Furthermore, using conditioned media, we showed that neuronal pyroptosis affects the function of the cholesterol-enriched microglia, lowering its phagocytic activity and, therefore, the ability to degrade extracellular Aβ.

Conclusions
Changes in intracellular cholesterol levels differentially regulate the inflammasome-mediated immune response in microglia and neuronal cells. Given the microglia-neuron cross-talk in the brain, cholesterol modulation should be considered a potential therapeutic target for AD treatment, which may help to block the aberrant and chronic inflammation observed during the disease progression.
Investigating the Effect of Bending on the Seismic Performance of Hollow-Core Flooring
Authors: Sarkis Ana I. , Sullivan Timothy J. , Brunesi Emanuele , Nascimbene Roberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEven if precast pre-stressed hollow-core (PPHC) slabs are usually designed as simply supported elements, continuity with the supporting beam may exist when constructed together with a reinforced concrete topping and continuity reinforcing bars. During an earthquake (and possibly other lateral load), this continuity may result in bending moments being induced close to the supports as the buildings sway laterally. The response of precast floors to earthquake-induced demands has been addressed by past research. However, further investigation is required to improve understanding of several aspects of precast floor behaviour either revealed or emphasized by recent earthquakes in New Zealand. This paper proposes a mechanics-based modelling approach for the analysis of PPHC slab-to-beam seating connections. The model has been calibrated against existing test data to predict the failure of a PPHC slab under negative bending moments. The numerical outcomes allow comparison of the moment–drift response, principal tensile stresses, and crack progression during loading. The developed modelling approach will allow future studies to exhaustively investigate all aspects of precast floor behaviour by varying the properties and geometry of the PPHC seating connection.
Learning analytics in virtual laboratories: a systematic literature review of empirical research
Authors: Elmoazen Ramy , Saqr Mohammed , Khalil Mohammad , Wasson Barbara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRemote learning has advanced from the theoretical to the practical sciences with the advent of virtual labs. Although virtual labs allow students to conduct their experiments remotely, it is a challenge to evaluate student progress and collaboration using learning analytics. So far, a study that systematically synthesizes the status of research on virtual laboratories and learning analytics does not exist, which is a gap our study aimed to fill. This study aimed to synthesize the empirical research on learning analytics in virtual labs by conducting a systematic review. We reviewed 21 articles that were published between 2015 and 2021. The results of the study showed that 48% of studies were conducted in higher education, with the main focus on the medical field. There is a wide range of virtual lab platforms, and most of the learning analytics used in the reviewed articles were derived from student log files for students’ actions. Learning analytics was utilized to measure the performance, activities, perception, and behavior of students in virtual labs. The studies cover a wide variety of research domains, platforms, and analytical approaches. Therefore, the landscape of platforms and applications is fragmented, small-scale, and exploratory, and has thus far not tapped into the potential of learning analytics to support learning and teaching. Therefore, educators may need to find common standards, protocols, or platforms to build on each others’ findings and advance our knowledge.
Responses of soil organic and inorganic carbon to organic and phosphorus fertilization in a saline − alkaline paddy field
Authors: Wang Xiujun , Zheng Haonan , Wu Lipeng , Ding Xiaodong , Lu Tongping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is evidence of increased soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) under fertilization in dry croplands of arid and semi-arid areas. However, not much is known about the responses of SOC and SIC in coastal saline − alkaline paddy soils that undergo flooding − draining cycles. Here, we assess the impacts of various combinations of organic and phosphorus fertilization on SOC and SIC and other soil properties in a saline − alkaline paddy field of the Yellow River Delta. Our study showed that organic fertilization resulted in an increase of SOC by 11.9% over 0 − 20 cm and 13.3% over 20 − 100 cm (i.e., 140 − 250 g C m−2y−1 over 0 − 100 cm) whereas phosphorus fertilization only led to a significant increase of SOC in subsoils (or ~ 75 g C m−2y−1 over 0 − 100 cm). There were little differences in SIC over 0 − 20 cm among the treatments; but SIC showed a significant decrease over 20 − 100 cm under organic fertilization combined with lower rate of phosphorus fertilization. However, high rate of phosphorus fertilization combined with organic amendment led to an increase in SIC stock, but a decrease in SOC stock in the subsoil. There was a significant negative relationship between SIC and SOC stocks in this paddy soil. This study demonstrated that fertilization practices could have complex influences on SOC and SIC in saline − alkaline paddy fields due to the flooding − draining cycles that lead to changes in soil conditions.
Simulation device for shoulder reductions: overview of prototyping, testing, and design instructions
Authors: Taneja Sorab , Tenpas Will , Jain Mehul , Alfonsi Peter , Ratagiri Abhinav , Saterbak Ann , Theiling Jason 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Shoulder dislocations are common occurrences, yet there are few simulation devices to train medical personnel on how to reduce these dislocations. Reductions require a familiarity with the shoulder and a nuanced motion against strong muscle tension. The goal of this work is to describe the design of an easily replicated, low-cost simulator for training shoulder reductions.

Materials and methods
An iterative, stepwise engineering design process was used to design and implement ReducTrain. A needs analysis with clinical experts led to the selection of the traction-countertraction and external rotation methods as educationally relevant techniques to include. A set of design requirements and acceptance criteria was established that considered durability, assembly time, and cost. An iterative prototyping development process was used to meet the acceptance criteria. Testing protocols for each design requirement are also presented. Step-by-step instructions are provided to allow the replication of ReducTrain from easily sourced materials, including plywood, resistance bands, dowels, and various fasteners, as well as a 3D-printed shoulder model, whose printable file is included at a link in the Additional file 1: Appendix.

Results
A description of the final model is given. The total cost for all materials for one ReducTrain model is under US $200, and it takes about 3 h and 20 min to assemble. Based on repetitive testing, the device should not see any noticeable changes in durability after 1000 uses but may exhibit some changes in resistance band strength after 2000 uses.

Discussion
The ReducTrain device fills a gap in emergency medicine and orthopedic simulation. Its wide variety of uses points to its utility in several instructional formats. With the rise of makerspaces and public workshops, the construction of the device can be easily completed. While the device has some limitations, its robust design allows for simple upkeep and a customizable training experience.

Conclusion
A simplified anatomical design allows for the ReducTrain model to serve as a viable training device for shoulder reductions.
Urban-Rural and Socioeconomic Differences in Patient Knowledge and Perceptions of Genomic Tumor Testing
Authors: DiBiase Jessica F. , Scharnetzki Elizabeth , Edelman Emily , Lucas F. Lee , Helbig Petra , Rueter Jens , Han Paul K.J. , Ziller Erika , Jacobs Elizabeth A. , Anderson Eric C. ,   MCGI Working Group
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE Social determinants of health, such as rurality, income, and education, may widen health disparities by driving variation in patients' knowledge and perceptions of medical interventions. This effect may be greatest for medical technologies that are hard to understand and less accessible. This study explored whether knowledge and perceptions (expectations and attitudes) of patients with cancer toward large-panel genomic tumor testing (GTT), an emerging cancer technology, vary by patient rurality independent of other socioeconomic characteristics (education and income). METHODS Patients with cancer enrolled in a large precision oncology initiative completed surveys measuring rurality, sociodemographic characteristics, and knowledge and perceptions of GTT. We used multivariable linear models to examine differences in GTT knowledge, expectations, and attitudes by patient rurality, education, and income level. Models controlled for age, sex and clinical cancer stage and type. RESULTS Rural patients had significantly lower knowledge of GTT than urban patients using bivariate models ( P = .025). However, this association disappeared when adjusting for education and income level: patients with lower educational attainment and lower income had lower knowledge and higher expectations ( P ≤ .002), whereas patients with higher income had more positive attitudes ( P = .005). Urban patients had higher expectations of GTT compared with patients living in large rural areas ( P = .011). Rurality was not associated with attitudes. CONCLUSION Patients' education and income level are associated with knowledge, expectations, and attitudes toward GTT, whereas rurality is associated with patient expectations. These findings suggest that efforts to promote adoption of GTT should focus on improving knowledge and awareness among individuals with low education and income. These differences may lead to downstream disparities in GTT utilization, which should be explored in future research.