bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive astrocytes targeting with oral vitamin A: Efficient neuronal regeneration for Parkinson's disease treatment and reversal of associated liver fibrosis
Authors: El‐Mezayen Nesrine Saeid , Attia Mennat‐Allah Magdy , Shafik Mohanad Yehia , Gowied Hadeer Galal , Abdel‐Aal Hadeer Ahmed , Abdel‐Hady Sara Medhat , Ghazy Mostafa Said 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionA recent approach to cure neurodegenerative diseases is to reprogram fibroblasts into functioning neurons using multiple exogenous transcription factors (TFs) and micro‐RNAs. Administering agents that can endogenously induce these TFs may bypass the limitations of this approach. Astrocytes may represent a part of the extrahepatic‐stellate system involved in vitamin‐A (VA) homeostasis. Activated‐stellate cells lose their VA‐storage capacity, and this was previously applied for hepatic‐stellate cells (HSCs) targeting to treat liver fibrosis. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that Parkinson's disease (PD) may be coupled with retinoid depletion that may extract VA from VA‐rich‐HSCs triggering liver fibrosis. Thus, VA administration may selectively target VA‐deficient reactive astrocytes and HSCs. Besides, VA has the regenerative capability and may induce endogenous‐TFs generation.MethodsFluorescently labeled VA‐coupled liposomes (FLV) were traced using confocal laser microscope in rats with induced PD for detecting brain accumulation and uptake into fluorescently labeled astrocytes. Liver fibrosis associated with PD was assessed biochemically and histopathologically, while VA deficiency was confirmed by assessing retinol‐binding protein gene expression in the brain and liver. Multiple VA doses were tested for reversing PD‐associated liver fibrosis, generating TFs (involved in reprograming astrocytes/fibroblasts into different neuronal types) and capability of dopaminergic‐neurons regeneration.ResultsFluorescently labeled VA‐coupled liposomes revealed selective brain accumulation and uptake into astrocytes. PD was associated with significant liver fibrosis and VA deficiency in the brain and liver. Furthermore, VA‐medium dose (VAMD) was the optimum one for reversing PD‐associated liver fibrosis, generating multiple astrocytes/fibroblasts reprogramming TFs, regenerating dopaminergic neurons, and improving PD.ConclusionVA‐medium dose pursued brain targeting in PD with the potential capability of regenerating neurons and restoring dopaminergic transmission. This may place this therapy as an essential treatment in PD management protocol.
Factors impacting the medication “Adherence Landscape” for transplant patients
Authors: Bendersky Victoria A. , Saha Amrita , Sidoti Carolyn N. , Ferzola Alexander , Downey Max , Ruck Jessica M. , Vanterpool Karen B. , Young Lisa , Shegelman Abigail , Segev Dorry L. , Levan Macey L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedication non‐adherence contributes to post‐transplant graft rejection and failure; however, limited knowledge about the reasons for non‐adherence hinders the development of interventions to improve adherence. We conducted focus groups with solid organ transplant recipients regarding overlooked challenges in the process of transplant medication self‐management and examined their adherence strategies and perceptions towards the post‐transplant medication regimen.MethodsWe conducted four focus groups with n = 31 total adult transplant recipients. Participants had received kidney, liver, or combined liver/kidney transplant at Johns Hopkins Hospital between 2014 and 2019. Focus groups were audio‐recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed inductively, using the constant comparative method.ResultsResponses generally fell into two major categories: (1) barriers to adherence and (2) “adherence landscape”. We define the former as factors directly labeled as barriers to adherence by participants and the latter as factors that heavily influence the post‐transplant medication self‐management process.ConclusionsWe propose a shift in the way healthcare providers and researchers, address the question of medication non‐adherence. Rather than asking why patients are non‐adherent, we suggest that constructing and understanding patients’ “adherence landscape” will provide an optimal way to align the goals of patients and providers and boost health outcomes.
Identifying patients with type 2 diabetes who might benefit from insulin pump therapy: Literature review, clinical opportunities, potential benefits and challenges
Authors: Ekanayake Preethika , Edelman Steven 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe global prevalence and increasing incidence rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have rippling effects on healthcare costs and diminishing quality of life. Despite advances in technology, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), or insulin pump therapy, is rarely being recommended by healthcare professionals and is underutilized in T2D management. This review analyses the available literature on CSII use in T2D patients. In addition, it discusses which groups of patients may benefit from CSII, identifies potential challenges associated with CSII use, and suggests future directions for research to expand the applicability of this technology to the broader T2D population.
Glycaemic control and sepsis risk in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Balintescu Anca , Lind Marcus , Andersson Franko Mikael , Oldner Anders , Cronhjort Maria , Eliasson Björn , Svensen Christer , Mårtensson Johan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo study the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and sepsis in adults with type 1 diabetes, and to explore the relationship between HbA1c and mortality among individuals who developed sepsis.Materials and MethodsWe included 33 549 adult individuals with type 1 diabetes recorded in the Swedish National Diabetes Register between January 2005 and December 2015. We used multivariable Cox regression and restricted cubic spline analyses to study the relationship between HbA1c values and sepsis occurrence and association between HbA1c and mortality among those with sepsis.ResultsIn total, 713 (2.1%) individuals developed sepsis during the study period. Compared with the HbA1c reference interval of 48‐52 mmol/mol (6.5‐6.9%), the adjusted hazard ratio for sepsis was: 2.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18‐5.29] for HbA1c <43 mmol/mol; 1.88 (95% CI 0.96‐3.67) for HbA1c 43‐47 mmol/mol; 1.78 (95% CI 1.09‐2.89) for HbA1c 53‐62 mmol/mol; 1.86 (95% CI 1.14‐3.03) for HbA1c 63‐72 mmol/mol; 3.15 (95% CI 1.91‐5.19) for HbA1c 73‐82 mmol/mol; and 4.26 (95% CI 2.53‐7.16) for HbA1c >82 mmol/mol. On multivariable restricted cubic spline analysis, we found a J‐shaped association between HbA1c and sepsis risk, with the lowest risk observed at HbA1c of approximately 53 mmol/mol. We found no association between HbA1c and mortality among those individuals who developed sepsis.ConclusionsIn our nationwide observational study of adult individuals with type 1 diabetes we found a J‐shaped relationship between HbA1c and risk of sepsis, with the lowest risk at HbA1c levels about 53 mmol/mol (7.0%). HbA1c was not associated with mortality in individuals affected by sepsis.
Navigating a flawed system: An investigation of the strategies employed by legal teams in family court
Authors: Katz Colleen C. , Pisciotta Caterina , Hajjar Roula , Wall Eden V. , Lens Vicki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFamily courts have been criticized for failing their core mission of rehabilitating families. Structural inequalities embedded in the family court system, combined with the role of adversarial judges and resource constraints, have contributed to the creation of a problematic environment for parents and families. In this paper, we examine the strategies that legal teams (attorneys, legal social workers and parent advocates) employ to serve child welfare‐involved parents in navigating this complex system. Interviews were conducted with 32 participants employed by public defender organizations in a large Northeastern city. We called on thematic analysis to identify three distinct themes: (1) Keeping the Lines of Communication Open (the importance of regular communication between parents and attorneys); (2) Strategic Use of Parent Voice (the intentionality behind when and how parents should speak directly to the judge); and (3) Parents as Chameleons (the grooming of parents to meet certain judicial ideals of parenthood). We identified several strategies to empower child welfare involved parents as they pursue legal permanency for their children: (a) ameliorating communication barriers between parents and their legal team members; (b) preparing parents to amplify their voices in the courtroom; and (c) using more general language to co‐manage parental appearance and presentation.
Why abolition
Authors: Roberts Dorothy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCalls to abolish the child welfare system have provoked questions about the feasibility of dismantling the current system and worries that abolition will put vulnerable children at greater risk of maltreatment. Despite the clear evidence of harm inflicted by the family policing system, some child welfare experts argue that abandoning the system is dangerous because it is needed to protect children from harm. This essay makes a concise case for abolition of family policing and contests the claims made against it. It explains not only how the family policing system harms children, but also why abolishing it is essential to keep children safe.
A case of neonatal thrombocytopenia due to maternal Helicobacter pylori‐associated immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ikeda Naho , Shoji Hiromichi , Ikuse Tamaki , Ohkawa Natsuki , Kashiwagi Kosuke , Saito Yukika , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany studies in adults have suggested an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). In adults with ITP and H. pylori infection, eradicating H. pylori is recommended as the first‐line therapy. However, the association between ITP and H. pylori in children remains controversial. Diagnosing thrombocytopenia in pregnant women is challenging but crucial because maternal ITP causes neonatal ITP through transplacental transfer of immunoglobulin G, also known as passive ITP. Herein, we report a case of neonatal passive ITP due to maternal H. pylori‐associated ITP. A boy was born at term with neonatal thrombocytopenia to a mother tentatively diagnosed with gestational thrombocytopenia. However, further examination suggested that maternal thrombocytopenia was associated with H. pylori, and neonatal thrombocytopenia was diagnosed as ITP due to maternal ITP. The newborn received intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, and the thrombocytopenia did not recur. The mother was examined using esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and her rapid urease test using gastric mucosa tissue samples was positive. Subsequently, she was diagnosed with H. pylori infection and received H. pylori eradication therapy, after which her platelet count remained normal. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of neonatal passive ITP secondary to maternal H. pylori‐associated ITP. This case suggests that maternal H. pylori infection can lead to the production of platelet autoantibodies, which can destroy antibody‐sensitized platelets in the mother and neonate. To summarize, H. pylori infection can also cause ITP in children. Therefore, pregnant women diagnosed with H. pylori‐associated ITP should receive H. pylori eradication therapy to prevent their neonates from developing passive ITP.
Using technology to promote the development of health science libraries in China
Authors: Zhang Jianjing , Zhang Yanlei , Xie Zhiyun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrom the point of view of the development of libraries, technology has made possible the emergence and development of library automation; digital libraries; mobile libraries; and smart libraries. This article briefly describes the impact of technological developments and application in Health Science Libraries in China in relation to collections development, service provision and the role of library associations.
Effectiveness of a sonic‐flosser toothbrush with different size brush heads and manual toothbrush plus dental floss on plaque, gingival bleeding and inflammation in adults with naturally occurring gingivitis: A 4‐week randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mancinelli‐Lyle Deborah , Qaqish Jimmy G. , Goyal C. Ram , Schuller Reinhard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of three oral hygiene groups: a novel sonic‐flosser toothbrush with a compact brush head, a novel sonic‐flosser toothbrush with a full size brush head and manual toothbrush plus dental floss on the reduction of gingival bleeding after 4 weeks. Secondarily, the groups were compared on the reduction of gingival inflammation and dental plaque.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and five (n = 105) healthy adults were enrolled in this randomized, examiner‐blind, three‐group, parallel clinical trial. Subjects were assigned to one of three groups: sonic‐flosser toothbrush with full size brush head (SFF), sonic‐flosser toothbrush with compact brush head (SFC), or manual toothbrush and string floss (MTF). Bleeding on probing (BOP), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), and Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) scores were recorded at baseline, 2‐weeks, and 4‐weeks.ResultsAll subjects completed the study. All three groups demonstrated a significant reduction in BOP, MGI and RMNPI from baseline to 4‐weeks for all areas recorded (p < 0.001), except gingival margin plaque scores for SFF, SFC and MTF (p = 0.203, p = 0.082, p = 0.324 respectively). Both the SFF and SFC groups were statistically more effective than MTF for whole mouth BOP, MGI and RMNPI (p < 0.001) and proximal areas (p = 0.022 or less). There were no adverse events reported by the subjects or identified by the examiner during the study.ConclusionThe sonic‐flosser toothbrush with a full size or compact brush head was statistically and clinically more effective at improving gingival health and reducing plaque than manual toothbrush and dental floss for adults with naturally occurring gingivitis over 4‐weeks.
Nail abnormalities in subepidermal blistering diseases: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vafaeian Ahmad , Ghanbarzadeh Arefeh , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Abedini Robabeh , Balighi Kamran , Etesami Ifa , Farid Ali Salehi , Farimani Zeinab , Mahmoudi Leila , Azar Pedram Molhem , Mahmoudi Hamidreza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundNail involvement in subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases (SEABD) is not common. Although these changes can be transient, permanent changes can also occur. This study addresses nail involvement manifestations and their associated factors in patients with SEABD.MethodsFrom March 2020 to March 2021, we enrolled 56 patients with SEABD who were being examined at a tertiary skin hospital and checked their nail changes. We investigated the association between the SEABD subtypes and treatments that patients were receiving and the nail abnormalities. Additional factors including age, gender, duration since diagnosis, presence of mucosal involvement, and anti‐bp230 and anti‐bp180 IgG antibody quantitative levels (in those patients with bullous pemphigoid) were analyzed.ResultsThe most common nail abnormalities were ridging, onycholysis, and onychoschizia. We observed a lower prevalence of onycholysis in EBA, a lower prevalence of periungual bullae in MMP, and a higher prevalence of scarring loss in EBA. Rituximab and dapsone were effective in preventing onycholysis as well as prednisolone in preventing subungual hematoma. Multiple lesions were found to be more common in the foot digits including great toes, probably because of higher exposure to trauma.ConclusionsIn summary, in patients with SEABD and concomitant nail involvement, the underlying disease control, proper treatment, and avoidance of trauma may be helpful.
The use of physical restraints and PRN medications in adolescent psychiatric inpatient units
Authors: Chung Joohyun , Shao Ming , Ryan Riazat , Eisenstein Maureen , Yan Donghui , Domaleski Vareen , Choi Jeungok , Lee Chi Hyun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProblemAlthough physical restraint practices and psychotropic/sedative pro re neta (PRN, as needed) medications have been commonly used for managing inpatient aggression, little is known about the characteristics of adolescents who receive them in psychiatric adolescent inpatient units. We aimed to determine the relationship between the use of physical restraints and psychotropic/sedative PRN medications, and to characterize individual attributes, substance use, clinical factors, and time of the first restraint episodes of the use of physical restraints and psychotropic/sedative PRN medications.MethodsA retrospective case‐control study approach was used with the data from electronic health records at a pediatric psychiatric hospital in the United States. Descriptive statistics, χ2, multivariate logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazard model were used.FindingsParticipants of younger age and participants with a longer length of stay were significantly associated with the use of physical restraints and psychotropic/sedative PRN medications, although the substance‐related risks were not significantly associated with the use of restraints. Physical restraints were more likely to have occurred soon after the admission and tapered off as the length of stay increased.ConclusionsThis study provides important information in understanding the risk factors of the use of restraints and psychotropic/sedative PRN medications in psychiatric adolescent inpatient units.
Facets of impulsivity and reward in relation to binge‐eating disorder course of illness among children: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study
Authors: Smith Kathryn E. , Wang Wei‐Lin , Mason Tyler B. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe present study examined facets of impulsivity and reward sensitivity [as measured by the UPPS‐P Impulsive Behavior Scale and Behavioral Activation and Behavioral Inhibition Scales (BIS/BAS)] as multivariable predictors of subsequent binge‐eating disorder (BED) course of illness in middle childhood.MethodsThe current sample included children aged 9–10 years (N = 9,438) who took part in the baseline and 1‐year follow‐up assessments of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. BED course was operationalized as those who never developed BED or subthreshold BED (SBED) (‘control’), were diagnosed with BED/SBED at year 1 but not baseline (‘developers’), were diagnosed with BED/SBED at baseline but not year 1 (‘remitters’), or were diagnosed with BED/SBED at both times (‘maintainers’).ResultsHigher baseline BIS/BAS reward responsivity scores were related to the greater likelihood of belonging to the maintainer group relative to the control and remitter groups (ORs1.12–1.19). Regarding covariates, higher baseline body mass index percentile and internalizing symptoms were related to the greater likelihood of BED development, remittance, and maintenance compared to the control group (ORs = 1.04–1.14); no variables were uniquely related to BED development. Exploratory analyses showed that the likelihood of belonging to the maintainer group compared to the control group was greatest at higher levels of negative urgency in combination with high reward responsivity.ConclusionsHeightened reward responsivity may convey risk for poorer BED course in children, while emotional disorder symptomatology may act as a more general risk and maintenance factor for BED.
The cocreation of care pathways for patients treated with oral anticancer drugs: From assessment data to an actual care pathway
Authors: Kenis Ilyse , Van Hecke Ann , Foulon Veerle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRationaleDue to the emergence of oral anticancer therapies, existing care processes in oncology – that are mainly focused on in‐hospital treatments – must be rethought. The development of a care pathway is a well‐known methodology to reorganise and standardise care for a specific patient group. However, care pathway development might be complex and burdensome for healthcare teams, requiring a well‐thought‐out methodology that provides guidance to the teams.Aims and ObjectivesIn 10 Belgian oncology departments, multidisciplinary teams developed a tailored care pathway, aimed to offer high‐quality patient‐centred care. Each department followed a cocreation methodology, consisting of a current practice assessment, a priority setting, and the actual development of the care pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate how and to which extent underperformed evidence‐based key elements (KEs), identified in the current practice assessment, guided the development of the care pathway, and how compliant the final care pathways are with the list of evidence‐based KEs.MethodsA qualitative content analysis was conducted to describe and compare the results of each phase of the cocreation methodology.ResultsThis study shows that much of the evidence and feedback on current practice that was used as a starting point, got lost throughout the cocreation process. Only a limited proportion of the (seriously) underperformed KEs were prioritised by the multidisciplinary teams. Furthermore, several prioritised KEs could not be retrieved in the care pathway documents. Also, the final care pathways were not fully compliant with existing evidence.ConclusionBased on the findings, a more rigorous cocreation methodology seems needed, offering very concrete support for multidisciplinary teams to integrate the prioritised KEs in the care process (e.g., by using a model care pathway). Next to the selfreported performance data from healthcare professionals and patients, more objective data (e.g., walkthrough, medical records) and more extensive patient involvement should be considered in the priority setting.
Are the Liquidity and Collateral Roles of Asset Bubbles Different?
Authors: CLAIN‐CHAMOSSET‐YVRARD LISE , RAURICH XAVIER , SEEGMULLER THOMAS 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral papers explain why asset bubbles are observed when growth is large. These papers differ in the role of the bubble, used to provide liquidities or as collateral in a borrowing constraint. We compare the liquidity and collateral roles of bubbles in an overlapping generations model. When the bubble is deterministic, the equilibrium is identical under these two roles, implying that the same mechanism explains the crowding‐in effect of the bubble on growth. With stochastic bubbles, growth is larger when bubbles play the liquidity role, because the burst of a bubble used for liquidity is less damaging to capital investors.