bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The validity of transverse intermaxillary analysis by traditional PA cephalometry compared with cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Cheung Gordon , Goonewardene Mithran Suresh , Islam Syed Mohammed Shamsul , Murray Kevin , Koong Bernard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim: To assess the validity of using Jugale (J) and Antegonion (Ag) on Posterior-Anterior cephalograms (PAC) as landmarks for transverse intermaxillary analysis when compared with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Material and methods: Conventional PAC and CBCT images were taken of 28 dry skulls. Craniometric measurements between the bilateral landmarks, Antegonion and Jugale, were obtained from the skulls using a microscribe and recorded as the base standard. The corresponding landmarks were identified and measured on CBCT and PAC and compared with the base standard measurements. The accuracy and reliability of the measurements were statistically evaluated and the validity was assessed by comparing the ability of the two image modalities to accurately diagnose an arbitrarily selected J-J/Ag-Ag ratio. All measurements were repeated at least 7 weeks apart. Intra-class correlations (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots were used to analyse the data.

Results: All three methods were shown to be reliable as all had a mean error of less than 0.5 mm between repeated measurements. When compared with the base standard, CBCT measurements were shown to have higher agreement (ICC: 0.861-0.964) compared with measurements taken from PAC (ICC: 0.794-0.796). When the arbitrary J-J/Ag-Ag ratio was assessed, 18 per cent of cases were incorrectly diagnosed with a transverse discrepancy on the PAC compared with the CBCT which incorrectly diagnosed 8.7 per cent.

Conclusion: CBCT was shown to be more reliable in assessing intermaxillary transverse discrepancy compared with PAC when using J-J/Ag-Ag ratios.
Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of elastomeric ligatures after sterilisation with 0.25% peracetic acid
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , Santos Rogerio Lacerda dos , Judice Renata Lima Pasini , Assuncao Paulo Sergio de , Restle Luciana 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Sterilisation using peracetic acid (PAA) has been advocated for orthodontic elastic bands. However, cane-loaded elastomeric ligatures can also become contaminated during processing, packaging, and manipulation before placement in the oral cavity and are therefore susceptible, and possible causes, of cross-contamination.

Aim: To test the hypothesis that 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA), following the sterilisation of elastomers, influences the cytotoxicity of elastomeric ligatures on L929 cell lines.

Materials and methods: Four hundred and eighty silver elastomeric ligatures were divided into 4 groups of 120 ligatures to produce, Group TP (latex natural, bulk pack, TP Orthodontics), Group M1 (Polyurethane, bulk pack, Morelli), Group M2 (Polyurethane, cane-loaded, Morelli) and Group U (Polyurethane, cane-loaded, Uniden). Of the 120 ligatures in each group, 100 were sterilised in 0.25% PAA at time intervals (N = 20) of 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours. The 20 remaining elastomeric ligatures in each group were not sterilised and served as controls. Cytotoxicity was assessed using L929 cell lines and a dye-uptake method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey post hoc test (p < 0.05) determined statistical relevance.

Results: There was a significant difference between TP, Morelli and Uniden elastomerics (p < 0.05), but no difference between the two types of Morelli elastomerics at the 1 hour time interval. In addition, there was a significant difference between Group CC and the other groups assessed, except between Groups CC and TP at the 1 hour time interval. The non-sterilised elastomeric ligatures showed similar cell viability to that observed after 1 hour of standard sterilisation.

Conclusion: PAA did not significantly influence the cytotoxicity of elastomeric ligatures after a sterilisation time of 1 hour and is therefore recommended for clinical use.
The impact of spur therapy in dentoalveolar open bite
Authors: Meyer-Marcotty Philipp , Kochel Janka , Stellzig-Eisenhauer Angelika 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim: A longitudinal case-control study, designed to analyse the isolated effect of attached palatal spurs in patients displaying a dentoalveolar anterior open bite, is presented.

Methods: Thirty-one patients (mean age of 13.3 years ± 3.17 years) underwent a standardised treatment protocol with fixed anterior spurs for 8.3 months. Lateral cephalograms and plaster casts were analysed before (T1) and after spur therapy (T2). The data were tested using paired t-tests with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results: The cephalometric analysis showed significant elongation of the height of the maxillary (mean +1.22 mm) and the mandibular (mean +1.39 mm) alveolar processes, as well as uprighting of the lower anterior teeth. The plaster cast analysis showed an increase in maxillary intermolar width (mean +0.98 mm) and a decrease in intercanine distance (mean -0.96 mm). The mandibular anterior width and dental arch length reduced. Overall, spur therapy resulted in a significant increase in overjet and overbite.

Conclusion: The use of spurs produced a resolution of the open bite in all patients. Therefore, spurs could be considered an effective mechanism for the management of anterior open bite in selected adolescent patients.
The evidence supporting methods of tooth width measurement: Part I. Vernier calipers to stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Naidu Devan , Freer Terrence J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Measuring tooth widths is a key component of orthodontic treatment planning. Over recent decades, many methods have been proposed to achieve this purpose. The current review highlights and describes the initial techniques. The evidence behind their use is presented along with a brief discussion of their benefits and shortfalls. With knowledge and understanding of the accuracy and limitations of the various measurement methods, the clinician may be better informed and therefore able to select the most appropriate method for clinical practice.
2013 Survey of Australian Orthodontists’ procedures
Authors: Miles Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim: This survey of Australian orthodontists was conducted to assess treatment preferences.

Methods: Email invitations to participate in an online survey were sent to a total of 433 Australian Society of Orthodontists (ASO) members and 158 replies were received (36% response).

Results: For Class II treatment, most practitioners preferred to wait and treat later but when early treatment was performed, the Twin Block was the most popular appliance. For fixed appliance treatment, the 0.022 inch slot was the most commonly used (73%) and the median treatment time was 20 months. The median extraction rate was 23% which was similar to that reported in a 2008 USA survey. Sequential plastic aligners were used by 73% of respondents and Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices were used by 77%. The most common research question clinicians would like answered related to retention.

Conclusion: The responses were similar Australia-wide but some areas of difference were revealed and discussed.
Effects of four premolar extractions on vermilion height and lip area during a posed smile in patients with bimaxillary protrusion
Authors: Trisnawaty Nety , Ioi Hideki , Kitahara Toru , Suzuki Akira , Takahashi Ichiro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four premolar extractions and orthodontic treatment on changes to the lips and vermilion height during a posed smile.

Methods: Fifteen female patients who were diagnosed with bimaxillary protrusion and treated with four premolar extractions were selected. The control group consisted of 25 female volunteers with a normal occlusion. Frontal photographs of the patients during a posed smile were taken before and after orthodontic treatment. Thirty-five landmarks on the upper and lower lips were identified and used to generate measurements of lip area and vermilion height. Linear and angular cephalometric measurements were also obtained.

Results: The mean values for vermilion height and lip form before orthodontic treatment were significantly larger in the treatment group compared with those of the control group. Following treatment, values significantly decreased to the extent that there was no significant difference in the vermilion height and lip form between the post-treatment and control groups. Only three and four significant correlations were found between the changes in incisor position and changes in vermilion height and lip area for the upper and lower lips, respectively.

Conclusions: The vermilion height and lip area in patients with bimaxillary protrusion approached comparative and normal values as a result of four premolar extractions and orthodontic retraction.
Denervation and β2-adrenoceptor-agonist administration on craniofacial bone density
Authors: Fitzpatrick Brendan , Woods Michael , Lynch Gordon , Manton David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective: β2-agonist medications are thought to have adverse effects on bone density. Surgical denervation and intramuscular β2-agonist injections appear to have opposing effects on skeletal muscles. The present study has been designed to assess the effects of denervation of the masseter, intramuscular injection of a β2-agonist and the combination of both procedures, on bone density in the craniofacial skeleton in rats.

Materials and methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared as four groups: 1. surgical sham + saline injection into the masseter (sham); 2. surgical denervation of the masseter (den.); 3. surgical denervation of the masseter + intramuscular formoterol injection into the affected muscle (den.+form.); 4. intramuscular formoterol injection into the masseter (form.). All specimens were submitted for CT examination and volumetric calculations of the mineralised bone tissue were performed.

Results: The sham and form. groups had a greater volume of mineralised bone in the zygoma on the experimental side compared with the control side. The maxilla on the experimental side had a higher volume of mineralised bone in the den.+form. and form. groups compared with the sham and den. groups. The control side of the maxilla had a higher volume of mineralised bone in the den.+form. and form. groups compared with the den. group only.

Conclusion: Intramuscular administration of formoterol appears to induce a bilateral increase in bone mineral density in the maxilla and the zygoma, likely explained as a secondary effect of the well-described increase in muscle mass and strength associated with β2-agonist administration.
The reliability of using postero-anterior cephalometry and cone-beam CT to determine transverse dimensions in clinical practice
Authors: Tai Benjamin , Goonewardene Mithran Suresh , Murray Kevin , Koong Bernard , Islam Syed Mohammed Shamsul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim: This study primarily aimed to assess the accuracy of classically-advocated reference points for the measurement of transverse jaw-base and dental relationships using conventional Postero-Anterior Cephalometry (PAC) and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Method: PAC and CBCT images were collected from 31 randomly selected orthodontic patients (12 males, 19 females), all of whom had a full permanent dentition. The transverse widths of the maxilla, mandible and the dentition were measured using reference points on both image modalities. Confidence intervals, intra-class coefficients and Bland Altman plots were used to assess the measurement differences derived from the two acquirement methods.

Results: Measurements on PAC and CBCT images demonstrated statistically significant differences in the majority of the assessed variables. The interjugal (J-J) width was one of only two variables which did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference on image comparison. The mean differences of the antegonial width (Ag-Ag) (-4.44mm, 95% CI -5.38 to -3.51) represented the greatest difference between the imaging techniques. The application of these points to a transverse skeletal analysis (J-J/Ag-Ag ratio) revealed that five of the 31 subjects (16%) recorded ‘false positive’ readings according to the derived data.

Conclusion: It is recommended that clinicians are cautious when interpreting and making decisions related to transverse dimensions derived from a PAC. The PAC has a higher tendency to falsely identify individuals who require maxillary expansion procedures based on conventional clinical criteria. The errors primarily associated with identifying structures which represent the width of the mandible are significant in both PAC and CBCT techniques and require further investigation. It is postulated that the confounding effects of overlying soft tissues have a significant impact on a clinician’s ability to identify relevant landmarks.
Changes in maxillary molar pulp blood flow during orthodontic intrusion
Authors: Sabuncuoglu Fidan Alakus , Ersahan Seyda 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction/Objective: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of maxillary first molar intrusion on pulpal blood flow (PBF) in humans as recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF).

Materials and methods: Maxillary first molars of 16 participants were divided into two groups. In the study group, 20 teeth in 10 participants were subjected to an intrusive force of 100 g delivered from mini-implants for 6 months. A control group of 6 subjects (12 teeth) received no orthodontic treatment. LDF measurements were recorded at baseline and at 3 days, 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months during intrusion. Data was analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank and Mann-Whitney U tests, with a level of p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: No significant changes in PBF perfusion units (PU) were observed in the control group over the course of the study. However, PBF in the study group was significantly higher at T0 (8.7 ± 0.9 PU) when compared with T1 (6.1 ± 0.6 PU, p < 0.001) and T2 (6.0 ± 0.6 PU, p < 0.001). PBF did not vary significantly between T1 and T2 (p = 0.073) or between T3 and T4 (p = 0.262). Moreover, PBF at the end of the study (T4) was similar to baseline PBF values for both groups (study group: p = 0.687; control group: p = 0.525).

Conclusions: Despite significant short-term regressive changes in pulpal tissue during continuous molar intrusion with mini-implants and an applied force of 100 g, blood vessel function was maintained throughout intrusion, as indicated by LDF measurements of PBF, which tended to return to baseline values by the end of the observation period. These results highlight the changes that can occur in molar vascularity, especially during six months of intrusion.
A three-dimensional evaluation of Māori and New Zealand European faces
Authors: Antoun Joseph S. , Lawrence Caleb , Leow Arthur , Rongo Roberto , Dias George , Farella Mauro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective: Māori patients are often inappropriately treated using Caucasian norms, despite obvious differences in facial morphology. There is currently very little data concerning the nature and/or magnitude of these differences in facial features. The objective of the present study was therefore to evaluate the facial features of Māori and New Zealand (NZ) Europeans.

Methods: Two convenience samples of 30 Māori and 30 NZ Europeans, evenly matched for age and gender, were recruited from amongst students of the University of Otago, New Zealand. Using a 3D white-light scanner, 12 facial scans were taken of each participant, which were then merged to form a single 3D image of the face. Prior to scanning, round markers were fixed to the skin in order to facilitate the localisation of facial anthropometric points and from which vertical, sagittal, and transverse measurements were assessed from the 3D facial image. Univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were used to test for differences between the two groups before and after adjusting for body mass index (BMI).

Results: Significant differences were found in vertical, sagittal, and transverse facial dimensions, before and after adjusting for BMI. The overall face of Māori was significantly larger than that of NZ Europeans, although the facial proportions were generally similar. However, Māori had a broader face, more anterior position of the chin and reduced facial convexity in comparison with NZ Europeans (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Māori have markedly different sagittal facial features compared with NZ Europeans. These distinctive features may reflect important differences in environmental and genetic influences between the two populations. The findings from the present study may assist the clinician in the treatment planning and assessment of facial dysmorphology in these ethnic groups.
Effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone formation after the expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture in rats: a histologic and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Toy Ebubekir , Öztürk Fırat , Altındiş Sedat , Kozacıoğlu Sümeyye , Toy Hatice 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: Orthodontic maxillary expansion is a commonly-performed treatment approach to correct transverse maxillary deficiencies by separating the mid-palatal suture. To obtain a successful treatment result and prevent relapse, the expanded maxillary sutures require maintenance by means of qualified bone reorganisation.

Aim: To assess the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on sutural bone formation after the expansion of the inter-premaxillary suture in rats.

Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats, 6 to 8-week old, were used. The expansion appliance comprised a helical spring fabricated from 0.014 inch stainless steel wire (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany). The rats were divided into two equal groups and randomly assigned to the LIPUS treatment group or a sham-operation group. LIPUS was delivered via a 2.5 cm diameter ultrasound transducer (Exogen, Smith and Nephews, Inc., Memphis, TN, USA) for 20 minutes per day during 7 days of post-expansion retention. Following retention, the rats’ maxillae were surgically removed and histologic and immunohistochemical specimens were prepared and examined.

Results: The number of osteoblasts and blood vessel dimensions in the ultrasound group increased but was not significant, compared with the control group. A statistically significant difference in osteocalcin, VEGF and TGF-β immunoreactivities (p < 0.01) was found in the area of the mineralising tissue. Only VEGF immunoreactivity was significant between two groups (p < 0.01) in the fibrous tissue area.

Conclusions: The area of mineralising tissue in the LIPUS-applied group expressed activity markers for osteocalcin, VEGF and TGF-β compared with a surrounding area of fibrous tissue. Cellular activation in the LIPUS group was greater than that of controls. Therefore, LIPUS may be accepted as a useful approach to enhance sutural bone formation.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cotton/Polyester Based Fibers for Shoe Uppers and Lining Products
Authors: Sabyrkhanova S. , Yeldiyar G. , Efendioglu N. Ork , Onem E. , Abzalbekuly B. , Bitlisli B.O. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of various textile materials based on polyester and cotton for shoe uppers and lining. For that purpose, the influence of the ratio of a mixture of cotton and polyester fibers on the quality of the fabric was investigated. As a result, fabrics with the same composition but different yarn numbers differed from each other in specified properties. With an increase in the content of polyester, all specified properties increase except for vapor permeability, which makes it possible to correctly select the composition of fabrics for shoes.
Effect of Soil Temperature on Reproduction of Root-knot Nematodes in Flue-cured Tobacco with Homozygous Rk1 and/or Rk2 Resistance Genes
Authors: Pollok Jill R. , Johnson Charles S. , Eisenback J.D. , David Reed T. , Adamo Noah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Most commercial flue-cured tobacco cultivars contain the Rk1 resistance gene, which provides resistance to races 1 and 3 of Meloidogyne incognita and race 1 of M. arenaria. A number of cultivars now possess a second root-knot resistance gene, Rk2. High soil temperatures have been associated with a breakdown of root-knot resistance genes in a number of crops. Three greenhouse trials were performed from 2014 to 2015 investigate the effect of high soil temperature on the efficacy of Rk1 and/or Rk2 genes in reducing parasitism by a population of M. incognita race 3. Trials were arranged in randomized complete block design in open-top growth chambers set at 25°, 30°, and 35°C. Plants were inoculated with 3,000 eggs and data were collected 35 days post-inoculation. Galling, numbers of egg masses and eggs, and reproductive index were compared across cultivar entries. Nematode reproduction was reduced at 25°C and 30°C on entries possessing Rk1 and Rk1Rk2 compared to the susceptible entry and the entry possessing only Rk2. However, there were often no significant differences in reproduction at 35°C between entries with Rk1 and/or Rk2 compared to the susceptible control, indicating an increase of root-knot nematode parasitism on resistant entries at higher temperatures. Although seasonal differences in nematode reproduction were observed among experiments, relative differences among tobacco genotypes remained generally consistent.
Evaluation of the Electronic Port Right of Way Payment Information System
Authors: Bensfia Chafik , Bouklata Ahmed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In a connected and uncertain world, where almost two thirds of the world’s population are now online, the integration of digital tools in the social and economic context is becoming a priority and an imposed choice for any organization. As a result, the strategic position of the Information System (IS) in these organizations is necessarily linked to performance. The creation of added value or net benefits through the use of these platforms becomes an ultimate and strategic objective for any organization. This study evaluates the success of the information system (IS) for electronic payment of port fees. From a quantitative approach of a hypothetico-deductive nature and using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), we found that the success of the IS implies a quality of the electronic payment system, as well as the information produced influences the use and satisfaction of the users and finally these last two findings impact the individual and organizational performance of the organizations. (Net benefits).
Lightweight LHD BEV Loader with an Individual Drive for Each Wheel
Authors: Korski Wojciech , Horak Wojciech , Bołoz Łukasz , Niestrój Roman , Kozłowski Artur 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the construction and design solutions of the power supply and drive systems of a prototype, lightweight LHD (Load-Haul-Dump) loader with an innovative “in-wheel drive” transmission system. The loader is a Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) with replaceable energy storage. It is intended for use in underground mines with no explosion hazard, especially in metal ore mines. The developed model contains four independent, electric drive systems installed in the road wheels. The paper presents the results of simulation tests, which enabled estimating the required driving power and electricity demand in various regimes and working conditions of the loader. The results of the calculations were used to determine the parameters of the drive system components and the battery capacity. Challenges and problems faced by constructors of BEV LHD loaders with an in-wheel drive have been pointed out.