bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction Pathways in Carbonates and Esters
Authors: Tundo Pietro , Aricò Fabio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis review reports on the competition/collaboration among intertwined base‐catalyzed acyl cleavage bimolecular mechanism (BAc2)/base‐catalyzed alkyl cleavage bimolecular mechanism (BAl2) or the related acid catalyzed mechanisms AAc2/AAl2 and AAl1 concerning Carbonates chemistry also in comparison with Esters reactivity. A consistent analysis of the experimental data so far available in the literature led to proposing a theoretical Model outlining the differences in energy profiles among the above‐mentioned reaction mechanisms. The reactions involving Carbonates are so tightly interconnected that the formation of the final product is driven by a precise not interfering sequence of BAc2‐BAl2 (or AAl2‐AAc2) mechanisms. When entropic effect (in cyclisations) or an anchimeric effect (mustard carbonates, isosorbide methylation) are involved, the difference in Gibbs activation energy is reduced allowing chemical transformations that would normally require higher temperatures. In these cases (intramolecular alkylation, cyclisation reaction, and alkylation by mustard carbonates) only a catalytic amount of base is required as the leaving group CH3OCOO− decomposes restoring the base. As Green Chemistry is concerned, syntheses with much lower environmental impact are achieved with Carbonates when compared with the corresponding ones involving Chlorine chemistry.
Multifunctional Interlayer Engineering for Silkworm Excrement‐Derived Porous Carbon Enabling High‐Energy Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jiang Si‐Jie , Wu Cui‐Xia , Liu Rui , Wang Jun , Xu Yan‐Song , Cao Fei‐Fei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries show advantage of high theoretical capacity. However, the shuttle effect of polysulfides and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics seriously reduce their service life. Inspired by the porous structural features of biomass materials, herein, a functional interlayer is fabricated by silkworm excrement‐derived three‐dimensional porous carbon accommodating nano sized CoS2 particles (SC@CoS2). The porous carbon delivers a high specific surface area, which provides adequate adsorption sites, being responsible for suppressing the shuttle effect of polysulfides. Meanwhile, the porous carbon is favorable for hindering the aggregation of CoS2 and maintaining its high activity during extended cycles, which effectively accelerates the polysulfides conversion kinetics. Moreover, the SC@CoS2 functional interlayer effectively limits the formation of Li dendrites and promotes the uniform deposition of Li on the Li electrode surface. As a result, the CMK‐3/S cathode achieves a high initial capacity of 1599.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C rate assisted by the polypropylene separator coated with the functional interlayer and 1208.3 mAh g−1 is maintained after the long cycling test. This work provides an insight into the designing of long‐lasting catalysts for stable functional interlayer, which encourages the application of biomass‐derived porous carbon in high‐energy Li−S batteries.
Analysis and control of single‐phase transformerless dual‐frequency grid‐connected inverter
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Wang Yamei , Yang Liyong , Liu Shuo , Tong Chaonan , Lv Yongchao 
Published: September 2023

SummaryTo simplify the inverter topology and suppress the leakage current more effectively, a novel transformerless dual‐frequency grid‐connected inverter with a common direct current (DC) bus is proposed. The proposed inverter retains the advantages of the traditional dual‐frequency inverter such as high efficiency and absence of resonance. In the novel topology, the power unit adopts the highly efficient reliable inverter concept (HERIC) topology with a unipolar modulation strategy, and the auxiliary unit adopts the H‐bridge topology with a bipolar modulation strategy. It is verified that the circulating current between the two units can be eliminated in the proposed inverter. The sensitivity of the circulating current is discussed by considering the tolerance of the filter inductances. In the leakage current equivalent circuit, the DC bus of the power unit is connected to the grid through a low‐impedance branch in parallel with the parasitic capacitance. Therefore, the leakage current is effectively suppressed. Finally, the experimental results are provided to verify the performance of the inverter.
Port reduction operation of a three‐port nonagonal modular multilevel converter as soft open point
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Yan Jiahao , Qin Zhiwen , Yuan Bo , Wang Yaoqiang , Liang Jun 
Published: September 2023

SummaryNonagonal modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a three‐port AC/AC converter promising as a soft open point (SOP) to connect different AC feeders or buses in distribution networks, owing to its flexible power control, transformerless structure, and low power component count and its capability of accommodating multiple AC ports of different frequencies. An SOP should be able to work under port reduction condition, which is often encountered when maintenance is required or the network structure is reconfigured. However, as a component reuse converter of circular structure, nonagonal MMC cannot turn off one or some of its branches to achieve this. To address this issue, a control scheme is proposed in this paper to enable nonagonal MMC to operate under port reduction condition by switching the nonagonal MMC to a hexagonal MMC, which is an AC/AC topology of a similar circular structure but has only two ports. Without inserting extra switches, the nine branches of nonagonal MMC is redistributed into six branches. By alternately operating the submodules, no submodules need to be shut down, reducing the submodule capacitor voltage fluctuation during port reduction operation. RTlab results verify the feasibility of the quasi‐hexagonal topology and the effectiveness of port reduction control.
Applications of biomarkers of exposure and biological effects in users of new generation tobacco and nicotine products: Tentative proposals
Authors: Yach Derek , Scherer Gerhard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite efforts to eliminate smoking, more than 1 billion people worldwide continue to use combustible cigarettes through choice or inability to quit. With an associated 8 million deaths, the provision of noncombustible tobacco and nicotine products that smokers will accept to replace combustible cigarettes can lessen harm. However, most of these products have entered the market only in the past 20 years. Therefore, particularly for some smoking‐related diseases, epidemiological studies to test harm reduction potential are only now becoming feasible. For cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, around two decades of data might be required. In this article, we discuss how the use of biomarkers might be applied to supplement epidemiological research for regulators. We further discuss how health providers and insurers can keep up with the rapid changes in biomarker research and recognize these reduced risks.
Nesting innovations in neotropical parrots associated to anthropogenic environmental changes
Authors: Romero‐Vidal Pedro , Blanco Guillermo , Hiraldo Fernando , Díaz‐Luque José A. , Luna Álvaro , Lera Daiana , Zalba Sergio , Carrete Martina , Tella José L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParrots are among the most diverse and widely distributed groups of birds and one of the most threatened bird orders mainly due to habitat loss and illegal poaching. Most parrots are obligate cavity nesters, so the logging of mature trees and the transformation of natural cliffs represent important threats to their conservation. Here, we report novel observations of Neotropical parrots nesting in previously unrecorded substrates. We show the first documented case of the cliff‐nesting burrowing parrots trying to breed at ground level in an abandoned burrowing owl cavity. Additionally, we provide the first documented observations of this species attempting to nest in building cavities in three urbanized areas of Argentina. Moreover, we report data from four countries of 148 pairs of eight species typically breeding in tree cavity using palm tree bracts as nest sites. Behavioral plasticity in nest sites may allow parrots to maximize their nesting success by exploiting alternative breeding substrates. Moreover, these novelties could contribute to cope with habitat loss and further transformation. However, further research is needed to assess the consequences of these nesting innovations in terms of individual fitness and population dynamics as well as potential factors promoting their appearance.
Physiology of the widespread pulsating soft coralXenia umbellatais affected by food sources, but not by water flow
Authors: Hill C. E. L. , Abbass S. G. , Caporale G. , El‐Khaled Y. C. , Kuhn L. , Schlenzig T. , Wild C. , Tilstra A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCoral energy and nutrient acquisition strategies are complex and sensitive to environmental conditions such as water flow. While high water flow can enhance feeding in hard corals, knowledge about the effects of water flow on the feeding of soft corals, particularly those pulsating, is still limited. In this study, we thus investigated the effects of feeding and water flow on the physiology of the pulsating soft coralXenia umbellata. We crossed three feeding treatments: (i) no feeding, (ii) particulate organic matter (POM) in the form of phytoplankton and (iii) dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the form of glucose, with four water volume exchange rates (200, 350, 500 and 650 L h−1) over 15 days. Various ecophysiological parameters were assessed including pulsation rate, growth rate, isotopic and elemental ratios of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) as well as photo‐physiological parameters of the Symbiodiniaceae (cell density, chlorophyll‐aand mitotic index). Water flow had no significant effect but feeding had a substantial impact on the physiology of theX. umbellataholobiont. In the absence of food, corals exhibited significantly lower pulsation rates, lower Symbiodiniaceae cell density and lower mitotic indices compared to the fed treatments, yet significantly higher chlorophyll‐aper cell and total N content. Differences were also observed between the two feeding treatments, with significantly higher pulsation rates and lower chlorophyll‐aper cell in the DOC treatment, but higher C and N content in the POM treatment. Our findings suggest that theX. umbellataholobiont can be viable under different trophic strategies, though favouring mixotrophy. Additionally, the physiology of theX. umbellatamay be regulated through its own pulsating behaviour without any positive or negative effects from different water flow. Therefore, this study contributes to our understanding of soft coral ecology, particularly regarding the competitive success and widespread distribution ofX. umbellata.
Haemodynamic and metabolic phenotyping of patients with aortic stenosis and preserved ejection fraction: A specific phenotype of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?
Authors: De Biase Nicolò , Mazzola Matteo , Del Punta Lavinia , Di Fiore Valerio , De Carlo Marco , Giannini Cristina , Costa Giulia , Paneni Francesco , Mengozzi Alessandro , Nesti Lorenzo , Gargani Luna , Masi Stefano , Pugliese Nicola Riccardo 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTAimsDegenerative aortic valve stenosis with preserved ejection fraction (ASpEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) display intriguing similarities. This study aimed to provide a non‐invasive, comparative analysis of ASpEF versus HFpEF at rest and during exercise.Methods and resultsWe prospectively enrolled 148 patients with HFpEF and 150 patients with degenerative moderate‐to‐severe ASpEF, together with 66 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. All subjects received a comprehensive evaluation at rest and 351/364 (96%) performed a combined cardiopulmonary exercise stress echocardiography test. Patients with ASpEF eligible for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (n = 125) also performed cardiac computed tomography (CT). HFpEF and ASpEF patients showed similar demographic distribution and biohumoral profiles. Most patients with ASpEF (134/150, 89%) had severe high‐gradient aortic stenosis; 6/150 (4%) had normal‐flow, low‐gradient ASpEF, while 10/150 (7%) had low‐flow, low‐gradient ASpEF. Both patient groups displayed significantly lower peak oxygen consumption (VO2), peak cardiac output, and peak arteriovenous oxygen difference compared to controls (all p < 0.01). ASpEF patients showed several extravalvular abnormalities at rest and during exercise, similar to HFpEF (all p < 0.01 vs. controls). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness was significantly greater in ASpEF than HFpEF and was inversely correlated with peak VO2 in all groups. In ASpEF, EAT was directly related to echocardiography‐derived disease severity and CT‐derived aortic valve calcium burden.ConclusionFunctional capacity is similarly impaired in ASpEF and HFpEF due to both peripheral and central components. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether extravalvular alterations may affect disease progression and prognosis in ASpEF even after valve intervention, which could support the concept of ASpEF as a specific sub‐phenotype of HFpEF.
Extending the π‐System in MnI Diimine Tricarbonyl Complexes: Impacts on Photochemistry, Electrochemistry, and CO2 Catalytic Reduction Activity
Authors: Cohen Kailyn Y. , Evans Rebecca , Bocarsly Andrew B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe complex [Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br], has been previously studied as both an electrocatalyst and a photocatalyst, in conjugation with a photosensitizer, for CO2 reduction to CO. This study considers the relationship between this catalytic activity and the steric and electronic nature of the aromatic diimine ligand. To this end, the π‐system in the bidentate ligand is increased step‐wise from 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) to 2‐(2‐pyridyl)quinoline (pq) to 2,2′‐biquinoline (bqn) in a series of three fac‐[Mn(α‐diimine)(CO)3Br] complexes. It is found that the propensity of these complexes to photochemically dimerize trends with the energy of the α‐diimine π* energy. Electrochemically, it is observed that the second reduction event in these systems becomes increasingly thermodynamically favorable and approaches the potential of the first reduction event as the π‐system expands. In fac‐[Mn(bqn)(CO)3Br], the second reduction is more favorable than the first reduction, precluding the formation of a dimer intermediate; even though, chemical reduction of fac‐[Mn(bqn)(CO)3Br] confirms that the dimer, [Mn(bqn)(CO)3Br]2 is able to form and not prevented by steric considerations. Though the second reduction potential is more positive for bqn and pq than for bpy, the CO2 reduction mechanism changes such that the overpotential for carbon dioxide reduction occurs at more negative potentials, leading to a decrease in overall catalytic activity.
Improving UAV‐SfM photogrammetry for modelling high‐relief terrain: Image collection strategies and ground control quantity
Authors: Dai Wen , Zheng Guanghui , Antoniazza Gilles , Zhao Fei , Chen Kai , Lu Wangda , Lane Stuart N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImage collection strategies and ground control points (GCPs) are of particular importance for uncrewed aerial vehicle combined with Structure‐from‐Motion (UAV–SfM) photogrammetry, and the generalization of their effects has proved elusive. This study designed various photogrammetric scenarios to investigate the effects of image collection strategies, ground control quantity, and their interaction on digital elevation model (DEM) errors and their spatial structure in high‐relief terrain. The results of 1.77 × 105 UAV–SfM scenarios provide insights for improving UAV–SfM practices. A high image capture angle (20–40°) enhances camera calibration quality decreasing the magnitude and spatial correlation of errors. High camera inclination reduces the sensitivity of mean and standard deviation of error to flying height but not the spatial correlation of error. Including additional data (e.g. supplemented convergent images; images captured at multiple flying heights) has only a minor effect if imagery is highly inclined. GCPs provide more effective constraints than image collection strategies. The mean error and standard error decline quickly with a small number of GCPs and then become stable in all scenarios, but the spatial correlation of error can be further improved with increasing GCPs. However, the effects of GCP quantity do interact with image collection strategies. High camera inclination reduces requirements for GCPs, whilst strategies combining different flying heights and image orientations have little effect on necessary GCP quantity. The distribution of GCPs still affects the errors, but the effect of GCP distribution becomes less important with an increase in the number of GCPs. Finally, we show that UAV–SfM photogrammetric quality assessment should routinely assess the spatial dependence of error using a statistic like Moran's I.
Paleoecological data complete historical and archaeological archives: Human–environment nexus at the fluvio maritime city port of Chilia (Licostomo; Northern Danube delta) since the 14th century
Authors: Preoteasa Luminița , Hanganu Diana , Dan Anca , Florescu Gabriela , Sava Gabriela , Pascal Daniela , Dobre Mihaela , Olteanu Dan , Țuțuianu Laurențiu , Stănică Aurel , Vespremeanu‐Stroe Alfred 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study reconstructs the paleoecological settings of Chilia/Licostomo, the most important Genoese colony in the Danube delta. Our paleoenvironmental data (i.e., sedimentology, pollen, charcoal, radiocarbon ages) corroborate historical and archaeological information over the last seven centuries to document the habitation at Chilia and its military and socioeconomic activity during ca. 14th–19th centuries A.D. Palynological data show the continuous presence of humans, with anthropogenic pollen index calculation (API) values between 2% and 16% during the last five centuries. The variability of API, corroborated with the major peaks of the charcoal concentration, matches the documented military conflicts and population changes in the area: the Ottoman conquest of Dobrugea (15th century A.D.), the Zaporozhians Cossaks raids (17th century A.D.), and the Russian–Ottoman wars (18th–19th centuries A.D.). The presence of coprophilous fungi fits the Ottoman tradition of animal husbandry, whereas their appearance after the Zaporozhians Cossacks raids and their good correlation with open land vegetation suggest that the Chilia loess island was temporally used as a refuge from multiple menaces (e.g., wars, administrative crisis). These paleoecological data, together with the rare archaeological findings, exclude human habitation of the Chilia Plain earlier than the documented arrival of the Lipovans during the late 18th century A.D. The critical assessment of the correspondences between the paleoecological and historical data shows the relevance of the approach in deltaic environments, when applied to lagoon/lacustrine sediments, yet often limited to chronologically disparate, decennial‐ to multicentennial‐scale temporal frameworks.
The mechanisms underlying the negative effect of socioeconomic status on depressive symptoms among older adults: The roles of social support and living arrangement
Authors: Hu Fangfang , Jing Yurong , Qin Wenzhe , Han Wantong , Xu Lingzhong , Li Yinlong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have found an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms among older adults, however the mechanisms underlying this association remained unclear. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of social support and the moderating role of living arrangement in the association between SES and depressive symptoms.MethodsData was collected from the 2020 Household Health Interview Survey in Taian city, Shandong Province, China. A total of 3896 older adults aged 60 and above were included in this study. Depressive symptoms was measured by the Patient health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9), Social support by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and other variables by related demographic scales. The moderated mediation model was examined using HAYES PROCESS 3.5.ResultsSES negatively predicted depressive symptoms among older adults, and social support could mediate this association. Living arrangement played a moderating role in the relationship between social support and depressive symptoms (the second half of the mediating effect), and the effect was stronger among older adults who lived alone.ConclusionsSocial support partially mediated the relationship between SES and depressive symptoms among older adults, and living alone strengthened the effect of social support on depressive symptoms. Interventions that address older adults' social support and living arrangement may ameliorate depressive symptoms among older adults.
Performance of ChatGPT in French language Parcours d'Accès Spécifique Santé test and in OBGYN
Authors: Guigue Paul‐Adrien , Meyer Raanan , Thivolle‐Lioux Gaetan , Brezinov Yoav , Levin Gabriel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in a French medical school entrance examination.MethodsA cross‐sectional study using a consecutive sample of text‐based multiple‐choice practice questions for the Parcours d'Accès Spécifique Santé. ChatGPT answered questions in French. We compared performance of ChatGPT in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) and in the whole test.ResultsOverall, 885 questions were evaluated. The mean test score was 34.0% (306; maximal score of 900). The performance of ChatGPT was 33.0% (292 correct answers, 885 questions). The performance of ChatGPT was lower in biostatistics (13.3% ± 19.7%) than in anatomy (34.2% ± 17.9%; P = 0.037) and also lower than in histology and embryology (40.0% ± 18.5%; P = 0.004). The OBGYN part had 290 questions. There was no difference in the test scores and the performance of ChatGPT in OBGYN versus the whole entrance test (P = 0.76 vs P = 0.10, respectively).ConclusionsChatGPT answered one‐third of questions correctly in the French test preparation. The performance in OBGYN was similar.
Diagnosing of Parkinson's disease based on hand drawing analysis using Bi‐Directional LSTM equipped with fuzzy inferential soft‐max classifier
Authors: Ramzani Elias , Yadollahzadeh‐Tabari Meisam , GolesorkhtabarAmiri Mehdi , Pouyan Ali A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParkinson's Disease (PD) is a brain‐related disease that eventually causes disability and disrupts a person's normal life. Most physicians and researchers try to diagnose it quickly and treat it on time. In recent years, computer science and the field of artificial intelligence (machine learning) have helped researchers find a way to detect the disease early. This article proposes a method that diagnoses Parkinson's disease by analyzing the hand drawing shaped by the individuals using Bi‐Directional Long Short‐Term Memory (Bi‐LSTM) neural network. In addition, this paper proposes a Fuzzy Inferential Classifier for the Dense layer, which classifies the output of LSTM Blocks to the associated classes by modifying the Soft‐max function. Our decision to propose this classifier was because, in some cases, hand‐drawing data related to people with Parkinson's disease have no significant difference with the healthy subjects for the distinguishing and are often very similar to each other. A standard dataset has been used in this paper, which includes spirals drawn test (including static spiral, dynamic spiral, and stability specific point) by a group of healthy people and people with Parkinson's disease. The proposed method has reached 97%, 98.5%, and 100% accuracy rates for the three mentioned spiral tests with a smoother training loss and accuracy plots. In addition, the results outperform state‐of‐the‐art research conducted on this dataset and show at least more than 2.5% improvement in the accuracy rate in comparison.