bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐modal object detection via transformer network
Authors: Liu Wenbing , Wang Haibo , Gao Quanxue , Zhu Zhaorui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccording to the fact that single‐modal data usually contain limited information, a great deal of effort has been devoted to making use of the complementary information contained in the multi‐modal data on various patterns. Thus, this paper is concerned with an object detection method that can fully utilize multi‐modal data. First, the method introduces the transformer mechanism to realize the fusion of intra‐modal and inter‐modal features of different modal data. The aim is to take advantage of the complementarity of data between modalities, which helps to improve the performance of multi‐modal object detection. Second, a contrastive loss suitable for contrastive learning is applied. This enables the authors to effectively utilize label information. Extensive experiments are conducted on multiple object detection datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
DS‐Net: Dual supervision neural network for image manipulation localization
Authors: Dai Chenwei , Su Lichao , Wu Bin , Chen Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of image editing technology, tampering with images has become easier. Maliciously tampered images lead to serious security problems (e.g., when used as evidence). The current mainstream methods of image tampering are divided into three types which are copy‐move, splicing and removal. Many image tampering detection methods can only detect one type of image tampering. Additionally, some methods learn features by suppressing image content, which can result in false positives when identifying tampered areas. In this paper, the authors propose a novel framework named the dual supervision neural network (DS‐Net) to localize the tampered regions of images tampered by the three tampering methods mentioned above. First, to extract richer multiscale information, the authors add skip connections to the atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) module. Second, a channel attention mechanism is introduced to dynamically weigh the results generated by ASPP. Finally, the authors build additional supervised branches for high‐level features to further enhance the extraction of these high‐level features before fusing them with low‐level features. The authors conduct experiments on various standard datasets. Through extensive experiments, the results show that the AUC scores reach 86.4%, 95.3% and 99.6% for CASIA, COVERAGE and NIST16 datasets, respectively, and the F1 scores are 56.0%, 73.4% and 82.7%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the authors’ method can accurately locate tampered regions and achieve better performance on various datasets than other methods of the same type.
Single‐image snow removal algorithm based on generative adversarial networks
Authors: Zhang Zhijia , Wu Sinan , Wang Shixian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe effect of snowfall on an image is not only the interference of snow particles but also snow streaks and masking effects (similar to haze). Snowy weather severely reduces the accuracy of computer vision systems. There is a lot of interest in how to effectively remove snow while preserving as much of the original image information as possible. Based on this, the authors propose an effective Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) snow removal algorithm for single images to solve the snow removal failure problem caused by irregular snow particles and snow streaks. Specifically, the authors improve the original GAN network as follows: A novel Transformer module, the Contextual Transformer (CoT) module, is adopted in the residual modules based generator. It effectively uses the contextual information of the snow streaks neighbourhood to restore the texture and information in the noisy image as much as possible based on the focus on snow streaks features. Also, using learnable Regionalized Normalization (RN‐L), potentially corrupted and undamaged regions are automatically detected for separate normalization, and global affine transformations are performed to enhance their fusion. In addition, a multi‐scale discriminator is used in the discriminator to make the discrimination more adequate and retain more details. Extensive experiments have shown that the authors’ GAN network snow removal algorithm outperforms various current networks on snow removal studies in terms of evaluation metrics on both synthetic and real datasets.
Active contour model based on hybrid signed pressure force function
Authors: Meng XinChao , Si Si 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo segment noisy and multi‐target images, an active contour model based on a hybrid signed pressure force function that fuses global and local information of the image is proposed. Firstly, a local signed pressure force function is defined using the local area information of the image. Then, it is combined with the existing global grey density function to construct a new signed pressure force function. Finally, the selective binary and Gaussian filtering regularized level set are modified using the newly defined function. Extensive experiments and comparisons on both synthetic and real images demonstrate that the proposed method is robust to noise and can handle noisy and multi‐target images with high accuracy.
Telemedizinische Betreuung von Demenzerkrankten in der COVID-19
Pandemie
Authors: Brodoehl Stefan , Wagner Franziska , Klingner Carsten , Srowig Annie , Finke Kathrin 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungIn unserem multidisziplinären Gedächtniszentrum der
Universitätsklinik Jena haben wir bereits zu Beginn der
SARS-CoV2-Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 mit der regulären
Einführung einer Videosprechstunde für Patient*innen mit
Risiko für eine Demenzentwicklung bzw. mit einer Demenzerkrankung und
deren Angehörigen begonnen.Über einen Zeitraum von 12 Monaten haben wir eine systematische Befragung
zur Zufriedenheit bei Patient*innen im regulären
Face-to-Face-Kontakt (F2F) und bei Videokonsultationen (VC)
durchgeführt.Ziel dieser Studie war eine Bewertung der Einsatzmöglichkeiten von
Telemedizin bei älteren Menschen mit beginnenden kognitiven Defiziten im
Rahmen einer Demenzerkrankung. Dabei wollten wir insbesondere die
Patientenzufriedenheit und die Durchführbarkeit bewerten.Ausgewertet wurden Erstvorstellungen in unserem Gedächtniszentrum bei
Verdacht auf das Vorliegen einer demenziellen Erkrankung in einem
standardisierten regulären Vorort-Setting (n=50) sowie in
einer standardisierten Videokonsultation (n=40). In beiden
Settings erfolgten aufeinanderfolgend eine neuropsychologische und eine
ärztliche Vorstellung. Beide Gruppen waren bezüglich Alter und
Geschlecht ähnlich verteilt (71.4 vs. 72.3 Jahre, 52 vs. 50%
weiblich (F2F vs. VC)). Der kognitive Status war in der VC Gruppe leicht besser
(ACE III signifikant, MMST nicht signifikant).In der Befragung der Patient*innen anhand eines Inventars mit 12 Fragen
(Patient*innenzufriedenheit, bewertet mit 1 bis 5) zeigte sich zwischen
beiden Gruppen insgesamt kein signifikanter Unterschied. Tendenziell wurde hier
allerdings der F2F in der Bewertung der Beratung etwas besser bewertet. Der
technische Ablauf bei der VC wurde von Ärzt*innen und
Neuropsycholog*innen zu über 80% als gut/sehr
gut bewertet.Eine allgemeine Einschätzung der kognitiven Defizite durch
Ärzt*innen und Neuropsycholog*innen korrelierte im F2F
und VC extrem hoch mit dem Ergebnis der anschließenden spezifischen
Testung (MMST und ACE). Bei tendenziell besserer Übereinstimmung im VC
war der Unterschied zwischen den Korrelationen nicht signifikant.Insgesamt konnten wir keinen signifikanten Unterschiede bei der
Patient*innenzufriedenheit zwischen VC und klassischer F2F Vorstellung
finden. Technische Aspekte in der Vorbereitung einer VC und während
einer VC waren weniger problematisch als initial antizipiert.
The Challenge of Treating the Severest Forms of Chronic Noninfectious Posterior and Panuveitis
Authors: Spartalis Christoph , Stübiger Nicole , Spitzer Martin S. , Bartsch Udo , Atiskova Yevgeniya 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Noninfectious posterior and panuveitis may exhibit a chronic relapsing clinical course and are challenging to treat. Most affected patients are continuously treated with systemic immunosuppressive therapy, which is potentially associated with significant adverse side effects.
Methods A cohort of 18 patients presenting with severe noninfectious posterior or panuveitis were evaluated with respect to the clinical course of the disease, with particular focus on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), treatment duration, remission rates, reported negative side effects, and the necessity for switching medication.
Results The mean follow-up was 27.8 months. Although BCVA improved significantly, complete or partial remission was observed in only 66.7% of patients. Of the patients, 72.2% underwent a change in medical treatment due to either adverse events or inefficacy of medication.
Conclusion Despite new immunosuppressive therapies, effective treatment of severe noninfectious posterior and panuveitis remains a major challenge. We discuss the urgent need for novel treatment strategies in order to prevent systemic adverse effects, and to improve visual outcome and quality of life.
The Role of Alternative Lymph Node Classification Systems in
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (GEP-NEN): Superiority of a
LODDS Scheme Over N Category in Pancreatic NEN (pNEN)
Authors: Krieg Sarah , Tunk Johannes , Vaghiri Sascha , Prassas Dimitrios , Jann Henning , Mohr Raphael , Loosen Sven Heiko , Roderburg Christoph , Maasberg Sebastian , Begum Nehara , Luedde Tom , Schott Matthias , Giesel Frederik , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo , Krieg Andreas ,   and the members of the German
                    NET Registry
Published: July 2023

AbstractLymph node (LN) involvement in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
(GEP-NEN) has been reported to have prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Numerous novel LN classifications exist; however, no comparison of their
prognostic performance for GEP-NEN has been done yet. Using a nationwide cohort
from the German Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET) Registry, the prognostic and
discriminatory power of different LN ratio (LNR) and log odds of metastatic LN
(LODDS) classifications were investigated using multivariate Cox regression and
C-statistics in 671 patients with resected GEP-NEN. An increase in positive LN
(pLN), LNR, and LODDS was associated with advanced tumor stages, distant
metastases, and hormonal functionality. However, none of the alternative LN
classifications studied showed discriminatory superiority in predicting
prognosis over the currently used N category. Interestingly, in a subgroup
analysis, one LODDS classification was identified that might be most appropriate
for patients with pancreatic NEN (pNEN). On this basis, a nomogram was
constructed to estimate the prognosis of pNEN patients after surgery. In
conclusion, a more accurate classification of LN status may allow a more precise
prediction of overall survival and provide the basis for individualized
strategies for postoperative treatment and surveillance especially for patients
with pNEN.
Synthesis of P-Chiral Tertiary Phosphine Oxides by Copper-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric C–P Cross-Coupling
Authors: Su Bo , Kang Jie , Ren Simu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
P-Stereogenic phosphorus compounds are of importance in various areas. Some strategies have been developed for the enantioselective formation of C–P bonds, among which transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric C–P cross-coupling of secondary phosphine oxides (SPOs)—bench-stable, odorless, and nontoxic—is more appealing. Due to the elusive racemization of SPOs, reactions with them usually proceed in a kinetic resolution fashion, thus being less practical. Highlighted here is a copper-catalyzed, highly enantioselective dynamic kinetic intermolecular C–P coupling of SPOs and aryl iodides. The successful development of this reaction relies on two key factors: the facile racemization of SPOs under the reaction conditions and the high enantioselectivity of the carefully tuned copper catalysts. P-Stereogenic tertiary phosphine oxide (TPO) products were obtained in high yields and with good enantioselectivities and were further converted into structurally diverse P-chiral scaffolds that are highly valuable as ligands and catalysts in asymmetric synthesis.
Ultra-Sonicated One-Pot Synthesis of Potent Bioactive Biscoumarin and Polycyclic Pyranodichromenone Scaffolds in Aqueous Media: A Complementary Tool to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Bharti Ruchi , Thakur Ajay , Verma Monika , Sharma Renu , Sharma Ajay , Gupta Anshi , Sharma Vipasha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPresent study involves the synthesis of bis-coumarins and novel polycyclic pyranodichromenones using a catalyst-free approach under ultrasonic irradiation in an aqueous medium. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds were evaluated against Gram-positive (S. aureus, B. cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa, E. coli), as well as the fungus C. albicans, using the disc diffusion method. Several compounds exhibited excellent activity against the tested microorganisms. Moreover, the antioxidant potential of the synthesized products was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl­benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. Promising antioxidant activity was observed for certain compounds. Computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) were conducted to investigate the molecular reactivity and electronic properties of the synthesized compounds. Quantum mechanical parameters such as Ionization Potential (IP), Electron Affinity (EA), Mulliken Electronegativity (χ), Chemical Potential (μ), and Electrophilicity Index (ω) were calculated. The study highlights the efficiency and eco-friendliness of ultrasonic-assisted processes, contributing to the advancement of sustainable chemistry.
Control of Breathing
Authors: Dempsey Jerome A. , Welch Joseph F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSubstantial advances have been made recently into the discovery of fundamental mechanisms underlying the neural control of breathing and even some inroads into translating these findings to treating breathing disorders. Here, we review several of these advances, starting with an appreciation of the importance of V̇A:V̇CO2:PaCO2 relationships, then summarizing our current understanding of the mechanisms and neural pathways for central rhythm generation, chemoreception, exercise hyperpnea, plasticity, and sleep-state effects on ventilatory control. We apply these fundamental principles to consider the pathophysiology of ventilatory control attending hypersensitized chemoreception in select cardiorespiratory diseases, the pathogenesis of sleep-disordered breathing, and the exertional hyperventilation and dyspnea associated with aging and chronic diseases. These examples underscore the critical importance that many ventilatory control issues play in disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Risk Assessment Model for Postpartum Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Griffin Myah M. , Engel Alexis , Mehta-Lee Shilpi S. , Nusbaum Julie , Golpanian Michael , Izmirly Peter , Belmont H. Michael , Buyon Jill P. 
Published: July 2023

Objective This article assesses the application of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk model on a cohort of postpartum patients with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of an ongoing patient registry of women with SLE from 2016 to 2022. There were 49 SLE patients with 55 pregnancies using the Definitions of Remission in SLE (DORIS) criteria to determine SLE disease activity. RCOG risk assessment model scoring was calculated for each patient prior to and after delivery. The primary outcome was the qualification of “active SLE” by standard rheumatologic criteria and assessment of recommendations for VTE prophylaxis based on RCOG VTE risk assessment scoring. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney U test with significance defined as p < 0.05.
Results In the study cohort, 34 pregnancies (61.8%) were in DORIS remission at delivery. Twenty-one pregnancies (38.2%) were not and scored 3 points on the RCOG VTE risk model. Of these pregnancies, only 19% (n = 4) were recommended for VTE prophylaxis by the obstetrical provider despite RCOG score ≥3. Only 35.7% (n = 5) of pregnancies in DORIS remission, but with 3 points for non-SLE-related VTE risk factors (n = 14), were recommended for VTE prophylaxis. Of the 20 pregnancies in remission with an RCOG score < 3 after assessing all risk factors, 15% (n = 3) were nevertheless recommended for VTE prophylaxis. No patients had a postpartum VTE regardless of therapy.
Conclusion These data reveal a need to improve upon providing postpartum VTE prophylaxis to SLE patients not in remission while also recognizing a diagnosis of SLE alone should not equate with active disease. Moreover, SLE patients in remission may still warrant VTE prophylaxis if other non-SLE-related risk factors are present.
Key Points
Clinically Integrated Breastfeeding Peer Counseling to Promote Breastfeeding Equity
Authors: Keenan-Devlin Lauren S. , Smart Britney P. , Hirschhorn Lisa , Meier Paula , Jefferson Urmeka , Solomonides Anthony , Wang Chi Ed , Handler Arden , Silver Richard K. , Borders Ann E.B. 
Published: July 2023

Objective This study aimed to determine whether clinically integrated Breastfeeding Peer Counseling (ci-BPC) added to usual lactation care reduces disparities in breastfeeding intensity and duration for Black and Hispanic/Latine participants.
Study Design This study is a pragmatic, randomized control trial (RCT) of ci-BPC care at two ci-BPC-naïve obstetrical hospital facilities in the greater Chicago area. Participants will include 720 patients delivering at Hospital Site 1 and Hospital Site 2 who will be recruited from eight prenatal care sites during midpregnancy. Participants must be English or Spanish speaking, planning to parent their child, and have no exposure to ci-BPC care prior to enrollment. Randomization will be stratified by race and ethnicity to create three analytic groups: Black, Hispanic/Latine, and other races.
Results The primary outcome will be breastfeeding duration. Additional outcomes will include the proportion of breastmilk feeds during the delivery admission, at 6-week postdelivery, and at 6-month postdelivery. A process evaluation will be conducted to understand implementation outcomes, facilitators, and barriers to inform replication and scaling of the innovative ci-BPC model.
Conclusion: This research will produce findings of relevance to perinatal patients and their families, the vast majority of whom desire to provide breastmilk to their infants and require support to succeed with their feeding goals. As the largest RCT of ci-BPC in the United States to date, this research will improve the quality of evidence available regarding the effectiveness of ci-BPC at reducing disparities. These findings will help patients and stakeholders determine the benefits of accepting and adopting the program and inform policies focused on improving perinatal care and reducing maternal/child health disparities. This study is registered with Clinical Trial (identifier: NCT05441709).
Key Points
Will Earmuffs Improve Neonate Behavior in The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit?
Authors: Kannappan Sujatha R. , Chang Tirikhumla , Alva Jeevitha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Modern advanced technologies in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have created more noise sources of varying frequencies and intensities, increasing the risk of hearing loss in infants. This study aimed to determine the effect of earmuffs on neonatal behavior.
Materials and Methods This study was conducted in the 13-bed level III-A NICU of a 1,000-bed tertiary care teaching hospital. Preexperimental, one-group pretest, posttest design was adopted in the study. Twenty-seven neonates were selected using nonprobability and purposive sampling techniques. The noise level was checked using a dosimeter (sound level meter SL-4030), the baseline variables were collected, and earmuffs were applied to the neonates for 2 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the evening for 3 consecutive days. An observational checklist was used to assess neonatal behavior.
Results The mean age in days was 2.19 ± 0.96, the mean weight in kilograms was 2.92 ± 0.43, and the mean gestational week was 37.56 ± 1.50. The mean sound level in the NICU was 56.7 + 14, which was higher than the NICU's recommended noise level. The most noise-generating events and equipment found in NICU were human-made noise and ventilator bubbling sounds. There was a significant difference in the mean behavioral score among neonates using earmuffs, as the “p-value was < 0.05.” However, there was no association between pretest neonatal behavior with baseline data (p > 0.05).
Conclusion This study revealed that wearing earmuffs had a beneficial impact on enhancing newborn behavior.
Assessing climate justice awareness among climate neutral-to-be cities
Authors: Della Valle Nives , Ulpiani Giulia , Vetters Nadja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper sheds light on the importance of evaluating climate justice concerns when forging climate-neutral strategies at the city level. Climate justice can be a useful policy lever to develop measures that promote simultaneously greenhouse gas emissions reductions and their social justice dimension, thus reducing the risk of adverse impacts. As a result, evaluating policymakers’ awareness of (i) recognition (ii) distributive (iii) procedural, and (iv) intergenerational issues about the transition to climate neutrality might help identify where to intervene to ensure that decisions towards more sustainable urban futures are born justly and equitably. This study uses data from the European Mission on 100 Climate Neutral and Smart Cities by 2030 and a principal component analysis to build an index of climate justice awareness. It then identifies control factors behind different levels of climate justice awareness. The empirical analysis suggests that the more cities are engaged in climate efforts, the more they implement these efforts considering also the social justice dimension. It also reveals that the geographical location and the relationship with higher levels of governance contribute to shape the heterogeneity in a just-considerate climate action by virtue of different governance structures, historical legacies, and economic, cultural, and political characteristics. Overall, the analysis unveils that the availability of governmental support in capacity building and financial advisory services, and the breadth of the city’s legal powers across different fields of action are positively related to justice awareness. Conversely, the perception of favourable geo-climatic conditions is negatively correlated. These relationships can be read as assistance needs that cities perceive in their pathway to just climate neutrality and highlight where future efforts in research and policy-making should focus in the following years to pave the way to a just transition.