bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real-time phase processing system for phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer
Authors: Zhou Fan , Cao Zhe , Ge Qishuai , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Dongfeng , Liu Shubin , Chen Yang 
Published: January 2023

In order to improve the real-time performance of a phase-sensitive optical-time-domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR), a fully digital phase processing system is demonstrated. Using digital down-conversion and field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware calculation, the phase of the Rayleigh scattering light can be demodulated in real-time. Benefiting from the pipeline calculation in the FPGA, the real-time performance of this system is not affected by the interrogation rate and fiber sensing distance. Experiments show that this real-time detection system has the same vibration detection performance as an offline data process and has good stability. The dynamic strain sensing with a sensing distance of 50 km, an interrogation rate of 1 kHz, and a spatial sampling interval of 1 m is experimentally demonstrated. The obtained results indicate that the fully digital signal processing system can ensure the real-time detection of Φ-OTDR under the condition of long distance and high resolution.
Rovibrational internal energy transfer and dissociation of high-temperature oxygen mixture
Authors: Jo Sung Min , Venturi Simone , Kim Jae Gang , Panesi Marco 
Published: January 2023

This work constructs a rovibrational state-to-state model for the O2 + O2 system leveraging high-fidelity potential energy surfaces and quasi-classical trajectory calculations. The model is used to investigate internal energy transfer and nonequilibrium reactive processes in a dissociating environment using a master equation approach, whereby the kinetics of each internal rovibrational state is explicitly computed. To cope with the exponentially large number of elementary processes that characterize reactive bimolecular collisions, the internal states of the collision partner are assumed to follow a Boltzmann distribution at a prescribed internal temperature. This procedure makes the problem tractable, reducing the computational cost to a comparable scale with the O2 + O system. The constructed rovibrational-specific kinetic database covers the temperature range of 7500–20 000 K. The reaction rate coefficients included in the database are parameterized in the function of kinetic and internal temperatures. Analysis of the energy transfer and dissociation process in isochoric and isothermal conditions reveals that significant departure from the equilibrium Boltzmann distribution occurs during the energy transfer and dissociation phase. Comparing the population distribution of the O2 molecules against the O2 + O case demonstrates a more significant extent of nonequilibrium characterized by a more diffuse distribution whereby the vibrational strands are more clearly identifiable. This is partly due to less efficient mixing of the rovibrational states, which results in more diffuse rovibrational distributions in the quasi-steady-state distribution of O2 + O2. A master equation analysis for the combined O2 + O and O2 + O2 system reveals that the O2 + O2 system governs the early stage of energy transfer, whereas the O2 + O system takes control of the dissociation dynamics. The findings of the present work will provide a strong physical foundation that can be exploited to construct an improved reduced-order model for oxygen chemistry.
Recovery of the family status of Pericambalidae Silvestri, 1909, stat. nov. (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidea), with a revision of the genera and species from China
Authors: Jiang Xuan-Kong , Shear William A. , Ye Li-Ping , Chen Hui-Ming , Xie Zhi-Cai 
Published: January 2023

The millipede subfamily Pericambalinae Silvestri, 1909 is poorly understood and the taxonomic status remains controversial. Pericambalinae was regarded as either a subfamily of Cambalopsidae or an independent family. To address this issue, we conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis and a morphological revision, and the genera and species from China are also revised. The results support the recovery of the family status, Pericambalidae, stat. nov. The morphological differences between Bilingulus Zhang & Li, 1981 and Parabilingulus Zhang & Li, 1981 are shown to be caused by post-embryonic development (anamorphosis and non-systemic metamorphosis) and both of these should be junior synonyms of Pericambala Silvestri, 1909 (Pericambala = Bilingulus, syn. nov. = Parabilingulus, syn. nov.). Three new combinations are proposed: Pericambala simplicia (Mauriès & Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, 1997), comb. nov., Pericambala aramula (Zhang & Li, 1981), comb. nov. and Pericambala sinica (Zhang & Li, 1981), comb. nov. The mature specimens of Pericambala simplicia, comb. nov. and Pericambala aramula, comb. nov. were collected from the type localities and are described for the first time. A new species, Pericambala cordata, sp. nov. is described. After revision, Pericambalidae contains two genera and six species with one genus and four species recorded from China. Due to a deficiency in outgroup sampling, the phylogenetic status of Pericambalidae in the suborder Cambalidea remains uncertain. Variation of the gnathochilarium in Cambalidea is discussed and a key to the species of Pericambala in China is also provided. This research lays a foundation for further revision of Cambalidea in the future. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BDA46BCE-102B-45FE-A963-47F029A09E76.
Prevalence of five curable sexually transmitted infections and associated risk factors among tertiary student men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya: a respondent-driven sampling survey†
Authors: Mwaniki Samuel Waweru , Kaberia Peter Mwenda , Mugo Peter Mwangi , Palanee-Phillips Thesla 
Published: January 2023

Background Young men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key population at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We conducted a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) bio-behavioural survey to estimate the prevalence of five curable STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, trichomoniasis and Mycoplasma genitalium infection, and associated risk factors among tertiary student MSM (TSMSM) in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods Between February and March 2021, we recruited 248 TSMSM aged ≥18 years who self-reported engaging in anal and/or oral sex with another man in the past year. Samples collected included urine, anorectal and oropharyngeal swabs for pooled Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis testing using multiplex nucleic acid amplification tests, and venous blood for serological Treponema pallidum screening and confirmation of current infection. Participants self-completed a behavioural survey on a REDCap digital platform. Data analysis was done using RDS-Analyst (v0.72) and Stata (v15). Differences in proportions were examined using the chi-squared (χ2) test, and unweighted multivariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with STI prevalence. Results RDS-adjusted prevalence rates of at least one of the five STIs, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, Mycoplasma genitalium infection, trichomoniasis and latent syphilis were 58.8%, 51.0%, 11.3%, 6.0%, 1.5% and 0.7%, respectively. Factors independently associated with STI prevalence were inconsistent condom use (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–3.47, P = 0.038) and the last sex partner being a regular partner (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.12–4.92, P = 0.023). Conclusion STI prevalence among TSMSM in Nairobi, Kenya, is disturbingly high, demonstrating urgent need for tailored testing, treatment and prevention interventions for this population.
The role of drought conditions on the recent increase in wildfire occurrence in the high Andean regions of Peru
Authors: Zubieta Ricardo , Ccanchi Yerson , Martínez Alejandra , Saavedra Miguel , Norabuena Edmundo , Alvarez Sigrid , Ilbay Mercy 
Published: January 2023

Wildfire occurrence has increased sharply in the last two decades in the Peruvian Andes. There is, however, little research on wildfires and their impacts. This study explores the conditions conducive to wildfire during 2020. MODIS images were collected to estimate the development of vegetation. In addition, ground-based monthly and satellite-based daily precipitation data were collected. Daily precipitation regularity was evaluated using a concentration index (CI), while monthly precipitation was used to estimate the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). We used also the Global Vegetation Moisture Index (GVMI), which is a useful indicator of vegetation dynamics based on vegetation moisture. Our results do not indicate a direct link between rainfall regularity (lowest CI values) and development of vegetation. Although the SPI drought analysis using seasonal rainfall indicated nearly normal conditions during 2019–2020, analysis of dry-day frequency (DDF) suggests that the dry period played an important role between September and November 2020, producing conditions similar to the droughts of 2005, 2010 and 2016. GVMI also showed below-average values from April to November. We corroborate the usefulness of DDF for monitoring the potential increase in wildfire conditions. A controlled burn policy could offer a more useful way to reduce the impacts of wildfire.
Boundary conditions for AdS2 dilaton gravity
Authors: Valcárcel Carlos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study a bi-parametric family of dilaton gravity models with constant and negative curvature. This family includes the Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity and the Liouville gravity model induced by a bosonic string. Furthermore, this family is conformally equivalent to the hyperbolic dilaton models. We propose boundary conditions in the Fefferman–Graham and in the Eddington–Finkelstein gauge. We check the consistency of the asymptotic conditions by computing the entropy of their black hole solution.
Circular Airy-like beams through leaky-wave antennas
Authors: Benedetti Alessio , Comite Davide , Fuscaldo Walter , Baccarelli Paolo , Galli Alessandro , Burghignoli Paolo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A planar nonuniform radially periodic leaky-wave antenna is proposed for the generation of circular, azimuthally symmetric Airy beams. The design is compact and low cost, and it is excited by an integrated coaxial cable. An annular metal strip grating is considered as background structure, designed to support a fast, backward, radially propagating space harmonic, which is capable of generating nondiffracting fields. The period and slots width are then properly modulated to synthesize the relevant Airy-like aperture-field distribution. An approximate formula is proposed to describe the aperture field, which is then used to retrieve the pattern of the annular strips. The near field produced by the structure is evaluated through the radiation integral, and validated by means of numerical full-wave simulations.
Prediction of superconductivity in Li, K, Ca, and Sr-intercalated blue phosphorene bilayer using first-principle calculations
Authors: Er-Rahmany S , Loulidi M , El Kenz A , Benyoussef A , Balli M , Azzouz M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Blue phosphorene is an interesting two-dimensional (2D) material, which has attracted the attention of researchers, due to its affluent physical and chemical properties. In recent years, it was discovered that the intercalation of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in 2D materials may lead to conventional Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) superconductivity. In this work, the electronic structure, phonon dispersion, Eliashberg spectral function, electron–phonon coupling (EPC), and the critical temperature of blue phosphorene bilayer intercalated by alkali metals (Li, and K) and alkaline earth metals (Ca, and Sr) for both AB and AC stacking orders are studied using the density functional theory and the density functional perturbation theory, within the generalized gradient approximation with van der Waals correction. The present work shows that the blue phosphorene bilayer is dynamically stable in AB stacking for Li and AC stacking for K, Ca, and Sr, and after intercalation, it transforms from a semiconductor to a metal owing to charge transfer between intercalated atoms and phosphorene. Furthermore, the EPC constant and the critical temperature are higher than those of 2D BCS-type superconductors. They are about 3 and 24.61 K respectively for K-intercalated blue phosphorene bilayer. Thus, our results suggest that blue phosphorene is a good candidate for a superconductor.
Development of size-specific dose estimates for common computed tomography examinations: a study in Ghana
Authors: Ohene-Botwe Benard , Anim-Sampong Samuel , Nkansah Josephine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This study determined the size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) of computed tomography (CT) examinations and derived mathematical expressions for dose output estimation and optimization in a teaching hospital in Ghana. Demographic and scanner output indices, including CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product for adult head, chest and abdominopelvic (ABP) CT examinations carried out at the hospital from 2018 to 2020, were retrieved from the picture archiving and communication system of the CT scanner machine. Other indices such as the antero-posterior diameter (D
AP), lateral diameter (D
L) and diagonal diameter (D
dia) of the patients’ bodies were measured on the mid-slice axial image using a digital caliper. The effective diameter (D
eff) was then calculated as the square root of the product of the D
AP and D
L. The SSDEs were calculated as the product of the CTDIvol and the size-specific conversion factors obtained from Report 204 of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Regression analyses were performed to find the relationship between SSDE and the various parameters to derive mathematical equations for the dose estimations. There were more female samples (n= 468, 56.3%) than male samples (n = 364, 43.7%) for each CT procedure. The SSDEs and size-specific diagnostic reference levels (SSDRLs) were: head (83.9 mGy; 86.9 mGy), chest (8.1 mGy; 8.7 mGy) and ABP (8.4 mGy; 9.2 mGy). The variations between CTDIvol and SSDEs for head (2.50%), chest (25.9%), and ABP (26.2%) showed an underestimation of radiation dose to patients, especially in chest and ABP examinations, if CTDIvol is used to report patient doses. The SSDEs of the chest and ABP CT examinations showed linear correlations with the CTDIvol. The estimated values could be used to optimize radiation doses in the CT facility. The SSDE and SSDRLs for head, chest and ABP CT examinations have been developed at a teaching hospital in Ghana. The SSDEs of chest and ABP examinations showed linear correlations with the CTDIvol and hence can be calculated using the mathematically derived equations in the study.
Prospects on ultrasound measurement techniques with optical fibers
Authors: Bao Xiaoyi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ultrasound sensors have been widely used in medical imaging, as well as structural health monitoring (SHM) and non-destructive testing (NDT) in civil and mechanical structures. Covering entire structures and imaging large areas requires multiplexing of many ultrasound sensors with single readout instrument, which can be difficult for traditional piezoelectric transducers. Optical fiber-based sensors offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight, small, the ability to be embedded, immunity to electro-magnetic interference, and the ability to be multiplexed and distributed ultrasound sensors. Fiber ultrasound sensors are regarded as an ideal sensing solution for SHM and NDT, and even most recently for medical imaging due to its broadband ultrasound response and distributed capability. Micro and nanofibers are made smaller than telecom fibers using a wider selection of sensing materials with higher bending capability, which makes them ideal for high frequency (hundreds of MHz) ultrasound detection of micrometer cracks and imaging biological tissues. New optical materials and fabrication techniques are shaping the future with exceptionally small ultrasound sensors and actuators, extending the range of applications in SHM, NDT and medical imaging with higher accuracy and better precision over larger areas.
Measuring timing properties of thermal infrared cameras
Authors: Schatz Volker 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A measurement setup and method is presented that serves to determine constants characterising the timing behaviour of thermal infrared cameras. A continuously rotating chopper wheel is used to periodically obscure and reveal the cutout of a mask plate. The exposed fraction of the cutout is the main measured quantity. Irregularities in the chopper wheel are determined from timestamps of the light beam detectors in the chopper head. The method is suitable for both kinds of thermal cameras, cooled cameras and microbolometer cameras, and for both snapshot and rolling-frame cameras. Example results are presented for a cooled snapshot camera and a rolling-frame microbolometer camera.
Strip steel surface defect detecting method combined with a multi-layer attention mechanism network
Authors: Liu Guohua , Ma Qianwen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the production of strip steel, defect detection is a crucial step. However, current inspection techniques frequently suffer from issues like low detection accuracy and subpar real-time performance. We provide a deep learning-based strip steel surface defect detection technique to address the aforementioned issues. The algorithm is also implemented in three specific ways: as the backbone, the neck, and the detection head. Backbone employs an enhanced cross stage partial in conjunction with ResNet to effectively mine defect information and minimize the issue of adjoining feature maps’ neighboring feature maps losing information. Neck is a better structure, we propose and use the dilated weighted across stages-feature pyramid network in the network to adjust the receptive field and attention weight preference of the output feature maps at different scales and to improve the utilization of defect features by the algorithm to enhance the detection of abnormal size defects. We use four detection heads in the detection head so that the network can learn the features of defects of various sizes. Finally, we use the decoupled head to separate the classification work from the regression work before combining the prediction. Two datasets of surface flaws in strip steel are used in our experiments (GC10-DET and NEU-DET). In addition, it has been shown that our proposed algorithm’s mAP in GC10-DET and NEU-DET reaches 79.93% and 72.76%, respectively, resulting in a better detection impact.
Multi-input parallel graph neural network for semi-supervised rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Bao Shouyang , Feng Jing , Xu Xiaobin , Hou Pingzhi , Zhang Zhenjie , Meng Jianfang , Steyskal Felix 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis is the key technology to ensure the reliable, efficient and sustainable operation of rotating machinery. Many fault diagnosis methods have been proposed based on vibration signal analysis from the perspective of data-driven analytics. However, these methods normally take signals of multiple sensors as a whole for feature extraction without considering the relationship among samples. This drawback leads to insufficient feature mining, thereby affecting the accuracy of fault diagnosis. Moreover, these methods need large numbers of labeled samples to achieve high diagnosis accuracy, which requires extensive human labor and is impractical in many real-world applications. To address these issues, a semi-supervised rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on multi-input parallel graph neural network is proposed in this paper. In the proposed model, signals of multiple sensors are treated separately; thus, features will be extracted parallelly in a more sufficient way. Then, signals of each sensor are constructed into a graph based on limited-radius nearest neighbor, which will add extra relationship information to aid in fault diagnosis. In addition, with the implementation of graph convolutional neural network, the proposed method is able to achieve a more accurate diagnosis than the comparison methods in the case of few labeled data. Finally, the proposed model is evaluated on rolling bearing dataset provided by Case Western Reserve University. Compared with some classical fault diagnosis methods, the proposed model can improve the diagnosis accuracy up to more than 99% even when the proportion of training samples is only 20%.
Effect of discreteness and misalignment on magnetic field and charged particle confinement in CFQS quasi-axisymmetric stellarator
Authors: Xiong Guozhen , Xu Yuhong , Isobe Mitsutaka , Shimizu Akihiro , Ogawa Kunihiro , Kinoshita Shigeyoshi , Liu Haifeng , Wang Xianqu , Cheng Jun , Liu Hai , Huang Jie , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yichao , Yin Dapeng , Wang Anzhu , Okamura Shoichi , Tang Changjian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Chinese first quasi-axisymmetric stellarator (CFQS), which will be the first quasi-axisymmetric (QA) stellarator in the world, is now under construction. The primary task of the CFQS project is to realize a QA configuration and to examine its physical properties. Based on this task, two important issues were investigated in this work in order to estimate the robustness of the CFQS design from a physical perspective. One was the toroidal field (TF) ripple due to the discreteness of modular coils (MCs) which could potentially degrade the charged particle confinement in the CFQS configuration. The other was a possible MC misalignment in the assembly that would affect the magnetic field and charged particle confinement in the CFQS. Moreover, since the stellarator symmetry might be broken by the MC misalignment, such a case was also investigated in this work. By performing a magnetic field line tracing and charged particle orbit tracing calculation, it was found that the TF ripple does not affect the confinement property significantly and the magnetohydrodynamics equilibrium was robust against possible MC misalignments. These results are helpful in defining the reasonable tolerance of assembly accuracy.
Noise tailoring for robust amplitude estimation
Authors: Dalal Archismita , Katabarwa Amara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A universal fault-tolerant quantum computer holds the promise to speed up computational problems that are otherwise intractable on classical computers; however, for the next decade or so, our access is restricted to noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers and, perhaps, early fault tolerant (EFT) quantum computers. This motivates the development of many near-term quantum algorithms including robust amplitude estimation (RAE), which is a quantum-enhanced algorithm for estimating expectation values. One obstacle to using RAE has been a paucity of ways of getting realistic error models incorporated into this algorithm. So far the impact of device noise on RAE is incorporated into one of its subroutines as an exponential decay model, which is unrealistic for NISQ devices and, maybe, for EFT devices; this hinders the performance of RAE. Rather than trying to explicitly model realistic noise effects, which may be infeasible, we circumvent this obstacle by tailoring device noise using randomized compiling to generate an effective noise model, whose impact on RAE closely resembles that of the exponential decay model. Using noisy simulations, we show that our noise-tailored RAE algorithm is able to regain improvements in both bias and precision that are expected for RAE. Additionally, on IBM’s quantum computer ibmq_belem our algorithm demonstrates advantage over the standard estimation technique in reducing bias. Thus, our work extends the feasibility of RAE on NISQ computers, consequently bringing us one step closer towards achieving quantum advantage using these devices.