bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Drilling Data and Machine Learning in Real-Time Prediction of Poisson's Ratio
Authors: Mutrif Siddig Osama , Elkatatny Salaheldin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rock elastic properties influence drilling performance, estimation of in-situ stresses, and hydraulic fracturing design. Therefore, having complete and accurate information on rock properties is essential. While those properties are conventionally measured experimentally or using well logs, this work proposes to estimate the Poisson's ratio (PR) from parameters available while drilling.
Various machine learning techniques were employed, such as artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF). The dataset utilized contains more than 5800 data points, each of them has a value of PR and six drilling parameters such as rate of penetration (ROP), rotary speed (RPM), and weight on bit (WOB). The dataset was divided into three parts, two were fed to the algorithms for training and testing the models, while the last group (around half of the dataset) was hidden to be used to validate the models later.
The models had a good fit with the actual PR values with correlation coefficients as high as 0.99 and errors as low as 1%. Among the used algorithms, ANN and RF yielded the best accuracy in all datasets with no significant difference between the training and the validation performance which indicate good generalization without an overfitting problem.
Using drilling data to predict rock mechanical parameters allows building a complete geomechanical model at an early time. It also saves the time and cost associated with laboratory tests.
Lost Circulation Material Design for Highly Inclined Or Horizontal Well Sections
Authors: Nguyen Kien , Mehrabian Amin , Santra Ashok , Phan Dung , Bathija Arpita 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The use of particulate lost circulation material (LCM) is common in treating lost circulation events of subterranean drilling. LCM isolates the wellbore pressure from fracture tip by forming an impermeable agglomerate inside the wellbore fractures. Fracture width estimation is the center piece of designing the particle size distribution (PSD) of LCM blends. State-of-the-art practice for width estimation of wellbore fractures has been predominantly associated with assumption of axial fracture development from wellbores. However, this assumption is not valid for all wellbore orientations. Shallow vertical wellbores and highly inclined or horizontal wellbores in a normal faulting regime are example configurations where axisymmetric wellbore fractures develop transverse to the wellbore axis. The change in fracture geometry yields a substantially different width estimate for transverse fractures compared to the axial ones. This study aims at demonstrating this disparity and the impact that it would have on the LCM blend design. For this purpose, a linear elastic fracture mechanics solution is applied to the fractured wellbore to estimate the fracture width. Results indicate that an axial model of the fracture could substantially overestimate the fracture width depending on the wellbore inclination and in-situ stress magnitudes. Application of the solution in selecting the composition of a three-component blend from selected LCMs via a blend particle size criterion is shown. The discrepancy between the LCM blends PSDs obtained from the axial and transverse models of the wellbore fracture are thoroughly discussed.
Water Injection Optimization Using Geomechanics and PWRI Fracture Modeling, South of Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Busaidi Salim , Al Zadjali Ruqaiya , Yuan Roger , Ghafram Hamid , Al Amri Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In the quest to increase production in parallel with reservoir pressure maintenance and to reach the ultimate recovery factor, PDO has been developing the fluvial stacked sandstones using water injection concept under matrix condition. The reservoir is good quality sandstone formation with average porosity (14-24 %) and permeability (20-500mD). The reservoir has weak aquifer support and develops with peripheral water injection. The target VRR is 1 was maintained fairly well in the area in the past few years, until Aug 2020 when few water injectors faced injectivity issues mostly related to the formation itself rather than water quality, so there is a need to compensate for the low cumulative voidage replacement ratio (VRR). Previous study done in year 2015 recommended matrix injection in peripheral mode with possibility to go for controlled fracture injection mode with the need to understand the timeline for fracture propagation to reach the producer wells.
Geomechanical modeling results were integrated with well and reservoir management (WRM) activities and surveillance technologies to optimize the injection strategy for improved waterflood performance. Formation fracture pressure data were used to provide guidance on maximum allowable injection pressure in injectors to manage the risk of induced fracture growth. A Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI-FRAC) fracture modeling and analysis was performed to determine the potential fracture dimensions to provide input to development decisions of injection rate and water quality.
Field data utilized to generate different scenarios of PWRI-FRAC fracture model containment and uncontainment in which the contained fracture scenario indicates that injection higher rates &gt;400 m3/day and TSS=140 ppm, would result in fracture half-length exceeding 1/3 of PI distance towards the end of field life. For small thickness units, models show low risk of fracture growth for rates 100 and 200 m3/Day and TSS=18 and 80 ppm. The rate of fracture growth is primarily influenced by water quality and injection rate. Mapped well spacing for critical wells are around 800-1000m away with orientation towards NE-SW direction, fracture growth modeling results give indication that water injectors are less likely to interact or result in short circuiting with producers if injection with a rate is less than 400 m3/Day and less than 140 ppm of TSS and this is also in line with SH max direction (NE-SW) as seen from drilling induced fractures interpretation from borehole images.
Fracture injection is feasible as long as the injection rate and water quality are operated under recommended limits (rates &lt;400 m3/Day and TSS&lt; 140 PPM) and this will significantly impact the field waterflood performance. Results provided inputs to reservoir simulations and injection rate envelope. The study benefits the field to minimize risk of injector producer short-circuiting for improved waterflood management.
Optimization of Rheological Models for Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids using Novel Algorithms
Authors: Gucuyener Ismail Hakki , Gurcay Onur Kazim , Yanik Abdüssamed , Ay Ahmet , Seydibeyoglu Elif Alyamaç 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Invert emulsion drilling fluids (IEDF) are recognized as the highest-performing fluid systems available, providing invaluable benefits in drilling operations. This study uses conventional and novel algorithms to improve the fitting ability of three and four-parameter rheological models for IEDF. Linear regression (LR), quasi-linear regression (QLR), Gold Search Section (GSS), Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG), Trust Region (TR), and Gauss-Newton (GN) methods are employed to determine optimal rheological model parameters. The analysis utilizes an extensive field database from five different sources. In optimizing the model parameters, a symmetric mean absolute percentage error-based objective function is used, eliminating the statistical problems experienced in conventional objective functions. Average symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) and the number of best fits (NBF) is used for selecting the most appropriate rheological model. In the performance comparison of the models, the ranking index, which is defined as the symmetric mean absolute error percentage and the arithmetic mean of the best fit number, is also used. The symmetry of the error distribution giving the balance between the overestimated and underestimated errors is predicted by the average overestimated and underestimated symmetric percentage errors.
Successful Application of a Novel High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Set-Up to the Evaluation of Asphaltene Deposition Inhibitors
Authors: Ghaffoori Abeer , Anderson Ross , Hoopanah Mohsen , Tohidi Bahman 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Asphaltene deposition is a major flow assurance challenge in oil production. Changes in fluid temperature, composition, and particularly pressure, can all lead to solid asphaltene precipitation. This may deposit in the formation, wellbore, or production lines, causing reduced flow or even complete blockage. The objective of this work was to evaluate a recently developed, novel high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) set-up for the testing of asphaltene deposition inhibitors.
Developed within a joint industry project (JIP) aimed at improved asphaltene inhibitor testing and deposition modelling, the variable volume (50 to 450 ml), HPHT QCM set-up can operate at pressures up to 410 bar (6,000 psi, extendable to 690 bar / 10,000 psi), allowing measurements on live oil / re-livened oil (dead oil made live again by gas addition) systems for real production pressure-temperature (PT) conditions / scenarios. In this work, the HPHT set-up has been used to evaluate several commercial asphaltene inhibitors for two re-livened oil systems in terms of AOP pressure and relative mass asphaltenes deposited versus blank (inhibitor-free) cases. For comparison, traditional heptane titration tests were also carried out for the same dead oil ± inhibitor systems using an atmospheric QCM apparatus.
Results demonstrate the HPHT QCM to be a very promising tool for asphaltene inhibitor evaluation, with clear variations in anti-deposition performance seen for different chemicals. Furthermore, while findings show that atmospheric pressure dead oil titration results often agree well with those for re-livened HPHT tests, there are significant differences for some inhibitors, meaning the former may not always be representative of real conditions, while the latter should presumably be more so. These observed differences may go some way to explain problematic discrepancies between traditional laboratory test approach results and real-field chemical treatment performance, i.e., where an inhibitor performs well in the laboratory, but not in the field.
The reported HPHT QCM approach is novel in that it can be used to investigate asphaltene inhibitor performance for live / re-livened fluids for real production PT conditions/scenarios.
Successful Casing-While-Drilling Operation in West Kuwait Saves 17 Rig Days and Reduces Well Delivery Time and Well Cost
Authors: AL-Hajri Nasser , Al-Khaldy Ali Dawood , Hassan Jassim , Gupta Satya , Dashti Reham , Abdel Kader Mohammed , Al-Buloushi Zainab , Homi Jokhi Ayomarz , El Kady Mahmoud , Al-Saad Naser , Al-Muzaini Shahad , Al-Houti Mariam , Al-Harbi Saad , Al-Kanderi Naser , Herrera Delimar , Halma Jeremy , Ibrahim Sameh , El Sheikh Omar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Drilling the 16-in. section in Umm Gudair field in western Kuwait faces a lot of challenges while drilling. Challenges include drilling through severe loss conditions, destabilized shale, and deteriorating hole conditions. These conditions can result in hole collapse or lost in hole of the drill string that requires sidetracking. The objective of project presented in this paper was to develop an engineered solution to drill through the difficult zones, lessen nonproductive time, and reduce the total well cost.
The solution proposed was to use casing-while-drilling technology with a drillable bit and drill through the fractured dolomitic limestone and sandstone formation while simultaneously setting casing. The drillable casing-while-drilling bit was specifically designed and engineered to conform to the formations in the field. The drillable casing-while-drilling bit is manufactured with a material that can be drilled out with either conventional roller cone or fixed cutter bits. A plastering process was used, which smears the cuttings generated by drilling against the borehole wall, seals the pores or fractures in the formation, and helps reduce fluid losses while maintaining well integrity.
The successful implementation of 16 × 13.375-in. casing-while-drilling job in Umm Gudair field reduced well delivery time for the operator and saved 17 rig days with cost savings of 450,000 US Dollars considering rig rate only. The section was drilled successfully while encountering total mud losses through fractured dolomitic limestone and sandstone formations. Preventing the risk of losing the bottomhole assembly in the hole and alleviating the use of multiple cement plugs saved additional cost for loss-cure plugs to heal the loss-prone formations. After reaching the target depth, cementing, pressure testing of the casing were carried out successfully. Lesson learnt from the first job were applied in the subsequent job completing the section with faster ROP with substantial savings to operator. For both the jobs, drillout of the drillable casing-while-drilling bit using a fixed cutter bit and Rotary Steerable bottom-hole assembly were performed successfully, the drillout bit continued drilling to section TD in one run.
With the successful implementation and the savings obtained by using this casing-while-drilling technology in the West Kuwait field, there is the potential for substantial annual cost savings, aiding the operator deliver wells in less time, and eventually increase production by increasing the number of wells drilled per year.
Numerical Simulations of the Flow Past Crescent Cylinders – Flow Monitoring
Authors: Noui-Mehidi Mohamed Nabil 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The flow characteristics of the vortex shedding system behind two cylinders that have a crescent cross-section, were numerically studied using a lattice Boltzmann approach. Two configurations ate considered, in one the crescent is facing the flow and in the other facing the flow downstream. The system of vortices formed behind the crescent cylinders was compared to the classical case of a circular cylinder for the same geometrical, physical and dynamic conditions at varying Reynolds numbers. The flow properties from all three cases studied have revealed that the crescent shape affects strongly the shedding mechanism. The numerical results showed that the flow past the crescent facing downstream of the flow was very similar to that of the circular cylinder, whereas there were remarkable differences when compared to the crescent cylinder facing the flow upstream.
Optimizing Directional Drilling by Enhancing Bottom Hole Assembly Design in Complex Well Profiles
Authors: Hussain Sajid , Baghdady Waleed , Al Khalifah Ahmed , Hussein Zeyad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Enhanced drilling efficiency is key to improve performance in the challenging long and highly deviated well profiles which are now common in the oil and gas industry. This paper details the inception and testing of a combined BHA and Fixed Cutter Drill bit solution. Utilizing the Flow-Activated Friction Reduction (FAFR) tool reduces drilling issues in these applications such as torque, drag, weight stacking and buckling. This paper also explores how the utilization of unique cutting structures and shaped Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutters built onto drill bits with low aspect ratio enhances weight transfer, reducing energy consumption and eliminating the need for expensive drilling solutions. Reducing the required energy to drill also decreases the overall stress on the drilling system, reducing tool fatigue and the chance of wellbore issues.
The FAFR tool converts the hydraulic energy of the drilling fluid into gentle axial mechanical oscillations which break the static friction and convert it to dynamic friction. This reduces borehole friction factor and enhances the weight transfer to the bit. Simultaneously, a light set cutting structure coupled with a V-shaped PDC cutter induces higher stress per unit energy input, optimizing point loading thereby improving drilling efficiency in both rotating and sliding drilling modes.
This paper presents the results of utilizing the FAFR tool and the engineered drill features to drill the 12¼, 8½, and 6⅛ inch directional sections. The combined solution helped reduce torque and drag and, as a direct result, improve weight transfer to the bit. Direct benefits were improved bit life and enhanced drilling performance / higher ROP when compared to offset wells.
By maximizing energy delivered to bit combined with an optimized bit design, it has become possible to push the drilling boundaries to achieve longer, faster wells and accomplish all directional requirements and achieve lower dogleg severity.
A Renewed Focused on Cementing Design Has Improved the Cement Bond Log in Shorter Time Wait on Cement Time
Authors: Al Ruqaishi Abdullah Saud , Al Sulaimi Jamal , Al Shuely Ahmed , Al Battashi Qais , Al Sabti Hashem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Challenging Low Oil Prices environment and LEAN maturity in PDO provided the impetus to boost performance and optimize cost. PDO has identified Waiting On Cement (WOC) before performing cement quality logs and Perforation as one of the major cost contributor and hence, an area of focus. Extensive laboratory works on cement slurry designs were carried out and ended by identifying a fit for purpose cement design reducing the WOC time by 50%.
Relatively low bottom hole temperatures (BHT) made the design of high and fast developed compressive strength (CS) cement for shallow wells more difficult as cement CS development at this range of temperature is slow. After extensive laboratory testing on different slurry designs, PDO team, along with cementing service companies managed to design a fit for purpose cement slurry, which does not only develop enough CS in a very short time but reduces WOC by 50%.
The systematic approach in designing the cement slurry and technical input helped to achieve the outstanding results. The field trials and extensive Cement quality evaluation using CBL/VDL USIT logs have also demonstrated an excellent cement adherence to casing which is even better than the quality of conventional slurries. Four CBL/VDL USIT logs were run out of seven wells after 20 hours WOC to evaluate the cement quality behind the production casing and the results were excellent. Three out of seven wells were perforated within the required 20 hours WOC frame with no well integrity issue nor impairment on the quality of the produced fluid.
This paper explains the design approach and shows how earlier CS can be achieved at low BHT and with excellent cement bond evaluation. This improvement in cement design enabled to cancel scrapping operations, saving time and money, reducing the risk exposure, and achieving faster well delivery.
Production Analysis on Wells Producing with Flow Thru Plugs to Optimize the Usage of HPCT Milling Operations
Authors: Alsulaim Abdullah , Alajmi Fahad , Aldawsari Mudhish , Guzman Javier , Amjad Bilal 
Published: March 2023

One of the main used completion techniques in the gas wells Plug and Perf for proppant or acid stimulation, where the flow through frac plugs are commonly installed to provide isolation between the planned stages to be stimulated. Once the stimulation is completed, the well is flowed back where gas is produced thru the internal diameter restriction in those frac plugs, then all plugs are milled to clear any downhole restriction. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the need of milling frac plugs by simulating the behavior of the Production Index affected by downhole restriction in frac plugs considering those are not milled.
The proposed evaluation will investigate the real need of milling the flow thru plugs in the well after the frac operations, as the milling operation has a high cost and complexity. The preferred method is to flow the well without milling operation. However, if the effect of the plugs was significant on the productivity of the wells throughout the years, there will be a need to perform milling operation on the wells to ensure full wellbore accessibility. On the other hand, if the effect was not significant on the future production, the flow thru plugs can be left in the well downhole to avoid the milling operation complications. It is worth to note that milling multiple plugs in a well is a very lengthy and extremely expensive operation looking at the CT and Sand Management System (SMS) daily charges as well as the highly nitrogen consumption (Nunez et al. 2021).
The analysis in this paper is split in two parts, where initially Well-A is simulated in PROSPER to compare the production performance in a Plug and Perf completed well with plugs installed or milled. Second part of the analysis is to compare 2 offset wells with real-time data: Well-X with flow thru plugs and Well-Y with flow thru plugs being milled. The results of these analysis as well as the operation total cost and complexity will help in identifying most economical way to apply.
OEE-AODV – Optimized Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Reliable Data Transmission in FANETS
Authors: Mohanakrishnan usha , Sathiamoorthy J , Nishanth R Bhagavath , Ashween R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

FANETs are the new means of communication and have been aiding domestic and military applications for a long time now. FANETS are supported by UAV (Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles) which carry out the task of transmitting and receiving data. FANETs are still susceptible to challenges and issues that ad hoc networks usually face. Because of the lack of infrastructure, FANET related issues need to be addressed before applying any strategies or protocols over the network. Routing and effective transmission are two major challenges faced in FANETs. This objective of a FANET is not aided in any way by the high mobile AUVs in the network scenario. Packet loss and routing failures are common occurrences in a FANET. Node and route links are not permanent and may lead to a lot of transmission related issues. The performance of any network is gauged by its successful delivery rate. Effective delivery is made possible by carefully planned routing strategies. Setting up an optimal path right from the originating source to the delivery address is quite the challenge in a FANET. FANETs also fall victim to various network attacks, primary of which is the black hole attack. Black hole attacks are more common in a FANET and this is closely associated with the AUVs’ high mobility. Data may be completely lost during a black hole attack. Our proposed protocol will address the challenge of effective routing while addressing black hole attacks. Our Eagle optimized Energy Efficient Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector (OEE-AODV)routing protocol focuses primarily on selecting an optimized and secure route towards the destination node .Network factors like trust degree, priority queue, network delay, hop count and the level of energy consumption are taken into consideration in formulating a routing strategy for the proposed protocol. The outcome is an efficient routing strategy that can oversee the successful delivery of the data. The proposed protocol works in two phases. In the first phase, it focuses on setting up an optimal route with select nodes, while in the second phase it enhances the security level of the network by foiling potential black hole attacks with the use of the RREP packets. The nodes along the discovered route will be made up of nodes which are scrutinized and determined as trusted nodes. The OEE-AODV protocol assures the successful delivery of data with the help of an optimal and trusted routing path. The proposed OEE-AODV protocol is assessed against AODV and AODV-V2 protocols to assess its performance. OEE-AODV achieves maximum PDR and throughput while conserving the network energy by minimizing the network delay.