bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal and Interpersonal Factors Moderate the Relation Between Human-Made Trauma and Hypertension: A Path Analysis Approach
Authors: Bapolisi Achille M. , Maurage Pierre , Georges Coralie M.G. , Petit Géraldine , Balola Mitterrand , Cikomola Cirhuza J. , Rime Bernard , Philippot Pierre , Persu Alexandre , de Timary Philippe 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Although the link between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and hypertension is established, its underlying mechanisms remain underexplored.

Objective
This study tested a theoretical model exploring the moderating influence of psychological (emotion regulation) and interpersonal (social support) factors on the mediation between trauma and hypertension, through PTSD.

Methods
We measured these variables through self-reported questionnaire on 212 patients, recruited from internal medicine in a general hospital of Bukavu, a region affected by more than 25 years of armed conflicts. We first evaluated the PTSD mediation in the absence of moderators, before testing each moderator using moderated path analysis.

Results
Results showed that PTSD partially mediates the relationship between human-made trauma and hypertension, whereas social support and maladaptive emotion regulation moderate the relationship between human-made trauma and PTSD.

Conclusions
The relationship between human-made trauma, PTSD, and hypertension might be modulated by psychological and interpersonal factors, which paves the way for new interventions targeting emotion regulation and social support to reduce PTSD and hypertension in populations exposed to human-made violence.
Toward an evolutionary ecology of (in)equality
Authors: Smith Eric Alden , Smith Jennifer E. , Codding Brian F. 
Published: June 2023

Inequality is increasingly recognized as a major problem in contemporary society. The causes and consequences of inequality in wealth and power have long been central concerns in the social sciences, whereas comparable research in biology has focused on dominance and reproductive skew. This theme issue builds on these existing research traditions, exploring ways they might enrich each other, with evolutionary ecology as a possibly unifying framework. Contributors investigate ways in which inequality is resisted or avoided and developed or imposed in societies of past and contemporary humans, as well as a variety of social mammals. Particular attention is paid to systematic, socially driven inequality in wealth (defined broadly) and the effects this has on differential power, health, survival and reproduction. Analyses include field studies, simulations, archaeological and ethnographic case studies, and analytical models. The results reveal similarities and divergences between human and non-human patterns in wealth, power and social dynamics. We draw on these insights to present a unifying conceptual framework for analysing the evolutionary ecology of (in)equality, with the hope of both understanding the past and improving our collective future.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of inequality’.
The interdependence of relational and material wealth inequality in Pemba, Zanzibar
Authors: Redhead Daniel , Maliti Emmanuel , Andrews Jeffrey B. , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique 
Published: June 2023

The extent of inequality in material wealth across different types of societies is well established. Less clear, however, is how material wealth is associated with relational wealth, and the implications of such associations for material wealth inequality. Theory and evidence suggest that material wealth both guides, and is patterned by, relational wealth. While existing comparative studies typically assume complementarity between different types of wealth, such associations may differ for distinct kinds of relational wealth. Here, we first review the literature to identify how and why different forms of relational wealth may align. We then turn to an analysis of household-level social networks (food sharing, gender-specific friendship and gender-specific co-working networks) and material wealth data from a rural community in Pemba, Zanzibar. We find that (i) the materially wealthy have most relational ties, (ii) the associations between relational and material wealth—as well as relational wealth more generally—are patterned by gender differences, and (iii) different forms of relational wealth have similar structural properties and are closely aligned. More broadly, we show how examining the patterning of distinct types of relational wealth provides insights into how and why inequality in material wealth remains muted in a community undergoing rapid economic change.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of inequality’.
Modelling the role of environmental circumscription in the evolution of inequality
Authors: Perret Cedric , Currie Thomas E. 
Published: June 2023

Circumscription theory proposes that complex hierarchical societies emerged in areas surrounded by barriers to dispersal, e.g. mountains or seas. This theory has been widely influential but the lack of formal modelling has resulted in theoretical and empirical challenges. This theory shares parallels with reproductive skew models from evolutionary ecology where inequality depends on the capacity of subordinates to escape from despotic leaders. Building on these similarities, we extend reproductive skew models to simulate the concurrent evolution of inequality in many connected groups. Our results show that cost of migration does not directly limit inequality in the long term, but it does control the rate of increase in inequality. Second, we show that levels of inequality can be reduced if there are random errors made by dominants, as these lead to variations that propagate between polities. Third, our model clarifies the concept of circumscription by relating it to geographical features: the size of a region and the connectivity between polities. Overall, our model helps clarify some issues about how migration may affect inequality. We discuss our results in the light of anthropological and archaeological evidence and present the future extensions required to build towards a complete model of circumscription theory.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of inequality’.
Reproductive inequality among males in the genusPan
Authors: Mouginot Maud , Cheng Leveda , Wilson Michael L. , Feldblum Joseph T. , Städele Veronika , Wroblewski Emily E. , Vigilant Linda , Hahn Beatrice H. , Li Yingying , Gilby Ian C. , Pusey Anne E. , Surbeck Martin 
Published: June 2023

Reproductive inequality, or reproductive skew, drives natural selection, but has been difficult to assess, particularly for males in species with promiscuous mating and slow life histories, such as bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Although bonobos are often portrayed as more egalitarian than chimpanzees, genetic studies have found high male reproductive skew in bonobos. Here, we discuss mechanisms likely to affect male reproductive skew inPan, then re-examine skew patterns using paternity data from published work and new data from the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Using the multinomial index (M), we found considerable overlap in skew between the species, but the highest skew occurred among bonobos. Additionally, for two of three bonobo communities, but no chimpanzee communities, the highest ranking male had greater siring success than predicted by priority-of-access. Thus, an expanded dataset covering a broader demographic range confirms that bonobos have high male reproductive skew. Detailed comparison of data fromPanhighlights that reproductive skew models should consider male–male dynamics including the effect of between-group competition on incentives for reproductive concessions, but also female grouping patterns and factors related to male–female dynamics including the expression of female choice.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of inequality’.
CHALLENGES IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ATYPICAL FUNGAL KERATITIS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Ali Dideeya , Vijayan Ajith , Shenoy Kashinatha , Antony Ann Tresa , Ramachandran Reshmi 
Published: June 2023

Fungal keratitis is a time-sensitive ocular infection that often requires a high index of suspicion followed by intensive medical/surgical interventions to achieve a successful clinical outcome. COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions, necessitated the modification of conventional protocols and guidelines associated with the treatment of keratomycosis. We report four cases of atypical fungal keratitis with poorly differentiated clinical characteristics. The challenges faced during their management were:1)the dilemma of clinically differentiating fungal (Scedosporium and Purpureocillium lilacinum) and bacterial keratitis; 2) treatment of Scedosporium and Trichosporon keratitis with natamycin monotherapy; 3) mixed infection of Candida albicans and Aureobasidium pullulans and continuing medications before rescraping the corneal ulcer against the recommended treatment guidelines; 4) phenotypic identification and differentiation among morphologically resembling fungi; and 5) decision making arising out of disparities between KOH and fungal culture results. Three patients responded well to conservative treatments. The fourth patient underwent therapeutic keratoplasty but was lost to follow-up due to travel-related pandemic restrictions. This case series seeks to broaden the clinician's knowledge of rare and emerging moulds as presumptive aetiologies of keratomycosis. It also intends to emphasize the significance of early microbiological investigations, (direct microscopy and culture), in resource limited settings, for initiating empirical treatment for a better visual prognosis.
Early divergence and gene exchange highways in the evolutionary history ofMesoaciditogales
Authors: Farrell Anne A. , Nesbø Camilla L. , Zhaxybayeva Olga 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe placement of a non-hyperthermophilic orderMesoaciditogalesat the base ofThermotogotatree challenges the prevailing hypothesis that the last common ancestor ofThermotogotawas a hyperthermophile. Yet, given the long branch leading to the only twoMesoaciditogalesdescribed to-date, the phylogenetic position of the order may be due to the long branch attraction artifact. By testing various models and applying data recoding in phylogenetic reconstructions, we observed thatMesoaciditogales’ basal placement is strongly supported by the conserved marker genes assumed to be vertically inherited. However, based on the taxonomic content of 1,181 gene families and a phylogenetic analysis of 721 gene family trees, we also found that a substantial number ofMesoaciditogalesgenes are more closely related to species from the orderPetrotogales. These genes contribute to coenzyme transport and metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, genes known to respond to heat and cold stressors, and include many genes of unknown functions. ThePetrotogalescomprise moderately thermophilic and mesophilic species with similar temperature tolerances to that ofMesoaciditogales. Our findings hint at extensive horizontal gene transfer between, or parallel independent gene gains by, the two ecologically similar lineages, and suggest that the exchanged genes may be important for adaptation to comparable temperature niches.SignificanceThe high-temperature phenotype is often referenced when conjecturing about characteristics of the last common ancestor of all present-day organisms. Such inferences rely on accuracy of phylogenetic trees, especially with respect to lineages that branch closest to the last common ancestor. Here, we examined evolutionary history ofMesoaciditogales, an early-branching lineage withinThermotogotaphylum, which is one of the early-diverging groups of bacteria.Thermotogotais composed of thermophiles, hyperthermophiles and mesophiles, who collectively can grow between 20 to 90 degrees Celsius, making it challenging to infer the growth temperature of their common ancestor. Our analysis revealed a complex evolutionary history ofMesoaciditogales’genome content impacted by horizontal gene transfer, highlighting the challenges of ancestral phenotype inferences using present-day genomes.
Modeling wild type and mutant p53 in telomerase-immortalized human cells
Authors: Miciak Jessica J. , Bunz Fred 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenetic alterations that change the functions of p53 or other proteins in the p53 pathway contribute to a majority of cancers. Accordingly, many technological approaches and model systems have been employed to dissect the complex phenotypes of this critical tumor suppressor and its mutants. Studies of human p53 are commonly conducted in tumor-derived cell lines that retain wild typeTP53alleles and isogenic derivatives with engineeredTP53alterations. While this genetic approach has provided numerous insights, such studies are bound to paint an incomplete picture of p53 and its many effects on the cell. Given the preponderance of p53 pathway defects in cancer, it is reasonable to assume that cancers that arise without mutations in theTP53coding sequence would very likely harbor other genetic or epigenetic alterations that effect the normal function of this pathway. One possible solution to this conundrum is to study p53 in cells that have been artificially immortalized. Unlike cells derived from tumorsex vivo, cells that have been immortalizedin vitroare not shaped by evolutionary selection during tumorigenesis, and presumably retain many of the normal functions of p53 and other tumor suppressors. We report here a functional characterization of p53 in the immortalized human cell line hTERT-RPE1 and describe the dominant-negative effects of a heterozygous missense p53 A276P mutation that apparently arose during serial culture. Detailed studies of this contact mutant, also found in human tumors, demonstrate the practical utility of this model system for studying the complex phenotypes of human p53.
Pellioditis pelhamin. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) andPellioditis pellio(Schneider, 1866), earthworm associates from different subclades withinPellioditis(syn.PhasmarhabditisAndrássy, 1976)
Authors: Tandingan De Ley Irma , Kiontke Karin , Bert Wim , Sudhaus Walter , Fitch David H. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, much attention has been focused on a group of rhabditid nematodes calledPhasmarhabditis, a junior synonym ofPellioditis, as a promising source of biocontrol agents for invasive slugs.Pellioditis pelhamin. sp. was first isolated from earthworms near Pelham Bay Park in Bronx, New York, USA, in 1990 and has been found to be pathogenic to slugs as well as some earthworms. It has also been used in several comparative developmental studies. Here, we provide a description of this species, as well as a redescription of a similar earthworm-associated nematode,Pellioditis pellioSchneider, 1866, re-isolated from the type locality. AlthoughP. pelhamin. sp. andP. pellioare morphologically similar, they are reproductively isolated. Molecular phylogenetic analysis places both species in a clade that includes all species previously described asPhasmarhabditiswhich are associated with gastropods.PhasmarhabditisAndrássy, 1976 is therefore a junior synonym ofPellioditisDougherty, 1953. Also,P. bohemicaNermut’, Půža, Mekete & Mráček, 2017, described to be a facultative parasite of slugs, is found to be a junior synonym ofPellioditis pellio(Schneider, 1866), adding to evidence thatP. pelliois associated with both slugs and earthworms. The earthworm-associated speciesP. pelhamin. sp. andP. pelliorepresent different subclades withinPellioditis, suggesting thatPellioditisspecies in general have a broader host range than just slugs. Because of this, caution is warranted in using these species as biological control agents until more is understood about their ecology.
Enabling Success Through Transformative Practices in STEM: The Effects of Applying an Anti-Deficit Framework to Diversity and Equity Programming
Authors: Duncan D’Anne S , Jackson Jhia LN , Collins Sally , Teherani Arianne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programming and literature for historically underrepresented and marginalized students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics degree programs often focuses on illuminating the challenges they face. The repeated emphasis on negative experiences creates a deficit-focused thread of inquiry that may unintentionally reinscribe persistent disparities and inequities. In this practice brief, we describe the positive effect of adapting anti-deficit framework with social career cognitive theory in developing and evaluating an Initiative for Maximizing Student Development program at a biomedical sciences graduate school, as well as how other institutions can explore, implement, and evaluate transformative DEI practices. In identifying and emphasizing the enablers of success while facilitating structured opportunities for personal and professional identity development, students and program leadership align values and goals to increase academic and scientific development, as well as community and social support.
What is the therapeutic quality of exercise programs in chronic low back pain randomized controlled trials assessed by i-CONTENT tool? A meta research study protocol
Authors: Geraci Ignazio , Bargeri Silvia , Basso Giacomo , Castellini Greta , Chiarotto Alessandro , Gianola Silvia , Ostelo Raymond , Testa Marco , Innocenti Tiziano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundExercise therapy is a common intervention recommended for chronic low back pain (cLBP). Although adequate reporting of intervention is crucial to understand and replicate exercise therapy, it does not help clinicians to determine the therapeutic quality. So The international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training (i-CONTENT) tool was developed to assess therapeutic quality of exercise. Therefore, we will assess the therapeutic quality of different exercise interventions by i-CONTENT tool in cLBP RCTs and its inter-rater reliability.MethodsWe will perform a meta-research study, starting from Cochrane review publication “Exercise therapy for chronic low back pain”. We will select a random sample of 100 arms with different type of exercises included (i.e. Core Strengthening, General Strengthening, Stretching, Aerobic exercises, Motor Control, Pilates, McKenzie, Qigong, Yoga, Tai Chi). For each included study’s arm, two pairs of independent reviewers will assess the therapeutic quality of exercises applying the i-CONTENT tool. We will calculate the percentage agreement between raters to assess inter-rater reliability.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require an ethics review as we will not collect personal data. The use of the i-CONTENT tool can help assess the therapeutic quality of studies, reducing the risk of ineffective exercise interventions. The study’s results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national conferences.
What is the forecasted prevalence and incidence of long-term conditions in Wales: a rapid evidence map
Authors: Edwards Deborah , Csontos Judit , Gillen Elizabeth , Hutchinson Grace , Sha’aban Abubakar , Carrier Judith , Lewis Ruth , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Davies Jacob , Collins Brendan , Cooper Alison , Edwards Adrian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIt is becoming apparent that the NHS will face many issues in years to come due to the growth of ageing population in relation to the working age population alongside the increase in multimorbidity and persistent health inequalities, particularly for preventable illness. This has implications to how healthcare and health systems are delivered, and how the NHS will need to adapt to meet the increasing demand that this places on healthcare services.This rapid evidence map reports forecasted prevalence and incidence data across a range of long -term conditions in Wales to support planning about how best to organise and finance care for the increasing population with long-term conditions over the next 10 years. The findings by conditions include: atrial fibrillation, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, dementia, diabetes, heart failure, hypertension, mental illness, and multi-morbidities. Three risk factors for long term conditions were also included, i.e., poor diet/nutrition, obesity, and smoking. The review included evidence from 2012 to March 2023Implications for policy and practice:Results show which long-term conditions are projected to increase over 10 years or more. Further preventive interventions through behavioural science approaches, with increased investment, should be considered to mitigate the rising prevalence of several preventable conditions. Smoking, excessive drinking and obesity are candidates for targeted preventive work, especially in areas of deprivation, to lessen health inequalities. Further research is needed for some conditions, and to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the burden of these conditions in Wales. Earlier diagnosis by genetic and genomic technologies and enabling lifestyle changes or by more cost-effective home care could reduce NHS costs of some long-term conditions.
Performance of Risk Models to Predict Mortality Risk for Patients with Heart Failure: Evaluation in an Integrated Health System
Authors: Ahmad Faraz S. , Hu Ted Ling , Adler Eric D. , Petito Lucia C. , Wehbe Ramsey M. , Wilcox Jane E. , Mutharasan R. Kannan , Nardone Beatrice , Tadel Matevz , Greenberg Barry , Yagil Avi , Campagnari Claudio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundReferral of patients with heart failure (HF) who are at high mortality risk for specialist evaluation is recommended. Yet, most tools for identifying such patients are difficult to implement in electronic health record (EHR) systems.ObjectiveTo assess the performance and ease of implementation of Machine learning Assessment of RisK and EaRly mortality in Heart Failure (MARKER-HF), a machine-learning model that uses structured data that is readily available in the EHR, and compare it with two commonly-used risk scores: the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM) and Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic (MAGGIC) Heart Failure Risk Score.DesignRetrospective, cohort studyParticipantsData from 6,764 adults with HF were abstracted from EHRs at a large integrated health system from 1/1/10-12/31/19.Main MeasuresOne-year survival from time of first cardiology or primary care visit was estimated using MARKER-HF, SHFM and MAGGIC. Discrimination was measured by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Calibration was assessed graphically.Key ResultsCompared to MARKER-HF, both SHFM and MAGGIC required a considerably larger amount of data engineering and imputation to generate risk score estimates. MARKER-HF, SHFM, and MAGGIC exhibited similar discriminations with AUCs of 0.70 (0.69-0.73), 0.71 (0.69-0.72), and 0.71 (95% CI 0.70-0.73) respectively. All three scores showed good calibration across the full risk spectrum.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that MARKER-HF, which uses readily available clinical and lab measurements in the EHR and required less imputation and data engineering than SHFM and MAGGIC, is an easier tool to identify high-risk patients in ambulatory clinics who could benefit from referral to a HF specialist.