bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroacupuncture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized, participant-blinded, sham-controlled clinical trial protocol
Authors: Xue Xiao , Liu Xin , Pan Sian , Li Juan , Wang Shaohua , Yuan Hanyu , Liu Yu , Yue Zenghui 
Published: May 2023

Background
Primary dysmenorrhea in women is a common and serious public health problem with psychological and physical effects. Painkillers have adverse effects, such as tolerance, addiction, irritation of the digestive tract, and liver and kidney damage. Electroacupuncture has been used as alternative therapy, although with no (non-anecdotal) evidence of effectiveness.

Objective
This study aims to provide evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of electroacupuncture in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Moreover, by observing changes in serum and urine metabolites, we will evaluate the putative mechanisms mediating electroacupuncture effects in primary dysmenorrhea.

Methods
This multicenter, randomized, participant-blinded, sham-controlled clinical trial including 336 women with primary dysmenorrhea is being conducted at three hospital centers in China and consists of a 12-week treatment and a 3-month follow-up. Women will undergo electroacupuncture (n = 168) or sham acupuncture (n = 168), beginning 7 days before their menstruation, once per day, until menstruation. Each menstrual cycle equals one course of treatment, and we will evaluate a total of three courses of treatment. The primary outcome of interest is the change in visual analogue scale scores before and after treatment. The secondary outcomes include changes in the numeric rating scale, Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale, traditional Chinese medicine symptoms, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and 36-Item Short Form questionnaire scores, and a safety evaluation. Moreover, we will preliminarily investigate the metabolomics mechanism as a potential mediator of the association between electroacupuncture and primary dysmenorrhea symptomology.

Discussion
We aim to find a suitable non-medicinal alternative for primary dysmenorrhea treatment to reduce reliance on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100054234; http://www.chictr.org.cn/.
Discovery of the chemical constituents, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of Chinese caterpillar fungus
Authors: Xu Chunhua , Wu Fenfang , Zou Zhicheng , Mao Longyi , Lin Shan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Caterpillar fungus (Cordyceps sinensis) has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine for several decades. It is essential to clarify the product composition, structural characteristics, and pharmacological functions of caterpillar fungus. In this review, we comprehensively and systematically summarized the various bioactive components isolated from caterpillar fungus, including nucleosides, d-mannitol, sterols, flavonoids, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins, peptides, amides, proximate, and mineral composition. Meanwhile, peptides, nucleosides, and polysaccharides serve as the main active components in this genus, which possess immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-malaria, and antifungal activities. Consequently, the active components of caterpillar fungus demonstrate a vital source of treatment for various diseases and can be used as possible leads for drug discovery. This article reviews the composition and pharmacological action of caterpillar fungus, which is the key to ensuring the safety and effectiveness of caterpillar fungus, and will be of interest for future research.
Fostering skills with chatbot-based digital tutors – training programming skills in a field study
Authors: Hobert Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Digital skills, particularly programming, have become a vital prerequisite for succeeding in today’s work life. Developing those skills is, however, a challenging task, as it requires perseverance, effort, and practice. To teach coding, individualized tutoring adapted to the novice programmers’ state of knowledge has evolved as the most promising learning strategy. However, offering sufficient learning support while practicing coding tasks is a challenge due to resource constraints. Following a three-cycle design science research approach, we developed a chatbot-based digital tutor that can support novice programmers using individualized, automated conversations based on adaptive learning paths and in-depth code analyses. In this article, we present the final version of the digital tutor software and report the findings of introducing it in a field setting over two entire lecture periods. We show that digital tutors can effectively provide individualized guidance in moments of need and offer high learning satisfaction in a long-term learning setting. This article expands the state of research by presenting insights into how students interact with a digital tutor over an entire lecture period. This also provides insights on how to design digital tutors for developing skills.
Identification of key enzalutamide-resistance-related genes in castration-resistant prostate cancer and verification of RAD51 functions
Authors: Xu Wen , Liu Li , Cui Zhongqi , Li Mingyang , Ni Jinliang , Huang Nan , Zhang Yue , Luo Jie , Sun Limei , Sun Fenyong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) often develop drug resistance after treatment with enzalutamide. The goal of our study was to identify the key genes related to enzalutamide resistance in CRPC and to provide new gene targets for future research on improving the efficacy of enzalutamide. Differential expression genes (DEGs) associated with enzalutamide were obtained from the GSE151083 and GSE150807 datasets. We used R software, the DAVID database, protein–protein interaction networks, the Cytoscape program, and Gene Set Cancer Analysis for data analysis. The effect of RAD51 knockdown on prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines was demonstrated using Cell Counting Kit-8, clone formation, and transwell migration experiments. Six hub genes with prognostic values were screened (RAD51, BLM, DTL, RFC2, APOE, and EXO1), which were significantly associated with immune cell infiltration in PCa. High RAD51, BLM, EXO1, and RFC2 expression was associated with androgen receptor signaling pathway activation. Except for APOE, high expression of hub genes showed a significant negative correlation with the IC50 of Navitoclax and NPK76-II-72-1. RAD51 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of PC3 and DU145 cell lines and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, 22Rv1 cell proliferation was more significantly inhibited with RAD51 knockdown than without RAD51 knockdown under enzalutamide treatment. Overall, six key genes associated with enzalutamide resistance were screened (RAD51, BLM, DTL, RFC2, APOE, and EXO1), which are potential therapeutic targets for enzalutamide-resistant PCa in the future.
A green sorptive extraction method (HiSorb-TD-GC-MS) for determining the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) aroma profile
Authors: Fella Panagiota , Stylianou Marinos , Agapiou Agapios 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A headspace high sorptive extraction (HS-HiSorb) Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) method was developed and optimized for the determination of the volatile profile of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The HS-HiSorb extraction parameters of temperature, sample mass, stirring rate, and adsorption time were optimized by applying the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. A total of 21 multi-varietal olive oil samples were collected from four different olive mills in Cyprus during the harvesting period 2020–2021. Seventy-six volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified and semi-quantified, belonging to several chemical categories such as hydrocarbons (31) three of which are terpenes, aldehydes (22), carboxylic acids (6), ketones (5), esters (4), alcohols (3), ethers (2), furans (2), and others (1). Aldehydes (40.20 %) and hydrocarbons (41.08 %) represented the main components of olive oil’s volatile profile. The overall concentrations of VOCs in the samples ranged from 8.73 to 39.81 mg/kg. The HiSorb-TD-GC-MS method was evaluated in terms of repeatability and linearity for selected VOCs. Repeatability was performed at three different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 ppbv), and the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 2.21 to 15.86 %. The calibration curves of (E)-2-hexenal, 1-penten-3-one, nonanal, and hexanal were developed to evaluate the linearity range. The results were satisfactory, with the correlation coefficient (R
2) greater than 0.98. Finally, the limitations of the method are mentioned and discussed.
Deutschlands Energieversorgungsrisiko vor Russlands Angriff auf die Ukraine: Ein empirischer Vergleich mit den G7-Staaten
Authors: Frondel Manuel , Hansteen Sven , Krieg Marielena , Schmidt Christoph M. 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der russische Angriff auf die Ukraine im Februar 2022 und die darauf folgende rasante Steigerung der Energiepreise haben die Sicherheit der Energieversorgung in Deutschland und Europa wieder in den öffentlichen und politischen Fokus gerückt. Vor diesem Hintergrund quantifizieren Manuel Frondel, Sven Hansteen, Marielena Krieg und Christoph M. Schmidt die rohstoffspezifischen Risiken Deutschlands in der Versorgung mit Erdöl, Steinkohle und Erdgas seit Ende der siebziger Jahre sowie das Risiko der Energieversorgung für Deutschland insgesamt. Es folgt ein einordnender Vergleich mit den übrigen G7-Staaten. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das Risiko der Energieversorgung dem von Frondel und Schmidt (2009) konzipierten Indikator zur Messung der langfristigen Energieversorgungssicherheit zufolge seit dem Ende der siebziger Jahre stark gestiegen ist. Dies geht vor allem auf die massive Zunahme der Rohöl-, Steinkohle- und Erdgasimporte aus Russland bei einem gleichzeitigen Rückgang der heimischen Anteile an der Versorgung mit Erdöl, Steinkohle und Erdgas zurück. Der Beitrag illustriert, wie eine stärkere Diversifizierung der Importe von Energierohstoffen hinsichtlich der Bezugsländer sowie der Energierohstoffe und -technologien die Sicherheit der Energieversorgung erhöhen könnte.
First investigations on a CHON UNEX process
Authors: Simonnet Marie , Muller Lucas , Sittel Thomas , Weßling Patrik , Müllich Udo , Geist Andreas , Panak Petra J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper presents first investigations on a novel An(III), Ln(III), Cs(I) and Sr(II) co-extraction conceptual process using a CHON solvent composed of the calixarene crown-ether MAXCalix and the diglycolamide TODGA in a 1-octanol/kerosene diluent. The co-extraction is followed by a sequential stripping of (1) Cs(I) and Sr(II), (2) An(III) and (3) Ln(III).
Idempotent operator and its applications in Schur complements on Hilbert C
*-module
Authors: Karizaki Mehdi Mohammadzadeh , Moghani Zahra Niazi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present study proves that

T

T

is an idempotent operator if and only if

R

(

I
−

T

∗

)

⊕
R

(

T

)

=
X

{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}\left(I-{T}^{\ast })\oplus {\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}\left(T)={\mathcal{X}}

and

(

T

∗

T

)

†

=

(

T

†

)

2

T

{\left({T}^{\ast }T)}^{\dagger }={\left({T}^{\dagger })}^{2}T

. Based on the equivalent conditions of an idempotent operator and related results, it is possible to obtain an explicit formula for the Moore-Penrose inverse of 2-by-2 block idempotent operator matrix. For the 2-by-2 block operator matrix, Schur complements and generalized Schur complement are well known and studied. The range inclusions of operators and idempotency of operators are used to obtain new conditions under which we can compute the Moore-Penrose inverse of Schur complements and generalized Schur complements of operators.
Effectiveness and quality of life in lung cancer, pre-, post- and perioperative rehabilitation – A review
Authors: Abidi Yafet , Fekete Mónika , Farkas Árpád , Horváth Alpár , Varga János Tamás 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFunctional conditions like lung function and exercise capacity are important limiting factors of chest surgery in lung cancer with co-morbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other chronic respiratory diseases). Pulmonary rehabilitation has a favourable effect on the cardiovascular system, metabolism, respiratory and peripheral muscles and lung mechanics. Our aim was to assess the role of pre-, post- and peri-operative pulmonary rehabilitation in lung cancer in this review. We sought to size up the importance of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients undergoing surgery with or without (neo)adjuvant treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, major physiological impairments and complications. Searches were performed in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases using the terms “exercise”, “rehabilitation”, “small cell lung cancer”, “non-small cell lung cancer”, “exercise capacity”, “chest surgery” and “quality of life” from inception to February 7th, 2022. Pulmonary rehabilitation has been recognized as an effective intervention to reduce lung cancer related symptoms and improve the pulmonary function, lung mechanics, chest kinematics, respiratory- and peripheral muscle function, physical activity and quality of life (QoL) of the patients. In conclusion, this review shows positive, highly encouraging and effective results of pulmonary rehabilitation in terms of the patients' lung function, functional mobility and quality of life. The tools for complex pulmonary rehabilitation have evolved considerably over the past two decades, thus this research has been conducted on a variety of studies about this subject and serves as a synthesis of the systematic and meta-analytic reviews.
Munâsabat al-Nuṣuṣ baina Kitab al-Muṭâla’ah al-Juz al-Awwal wa kitâb al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Mustawa al-Mubtadi’i Taḥta Naẓariyyah Rushdi Aḥmad Ṭu’aimah
Authors: Hidayatun Na'imah Nur , Syafi’i  
Published: May 2023

Purpose- This research focuses on examining the text of Mutholaah book part 1 by Mahmud Yunus with the theory of Arabic textbooks as seen through Rusydi Ahmad Thuaimah.

Design/Methodology/Approach- The researcher applied a qualitative approach with the literature study method. The data used in this study is the content of Mutholaah book part 1 by Mahmud Yunus and the theory of Arabic textbooks as a language learning book from the perspective of Rusydi Ahmad Thuaimah.
Findings— The results illustrated that the content of Mutholaah book part 1 according to the theory of Arabic textbooks as a language learning book from the perspective of Rusydi Ahmad Thuaimah is evidenced by the presentation of relevant, light, and weighty material starting from voccabularies, tenses, and reading text.
Research Limitation/Implications- The researcher encountered problems in reviewing the theoretical points of the Arabic language learning book from the perspective of Rusydi Ahmad Thuaimah in Mutholaah book part 1, however, the researcher was able to solve it by literature study through several relevant books and journals.
Tanfidzu Ta'limil Lughoh Al-arabiyah Bi istikhdami Kitabi Al-Lughoh Al-Arabiyah Li Aghradi Al-Khosoh
Authors: Amira Sa’idah Mandrasi , Ruchamain Tsaniya , Syamsul Arifin Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

Purpose- The research purposed to describe and elaborate Arabic teaching learning process using Arabic textbook for special purposes for university level.
Design/Metodology/Approach- This study is a field study, a kind of descriptive-qualitative in which the technique of data collection used observation, interview and written documentation and for data analysis it used interactive analysis of Miles and Huberman.
Findings- The research resulted that the process of Arabic teaching learning using a textbook for special purposes in nutrition science was conducted with a focus on listening and speaking skills throughout audio-visual method. The steps of teaching: First, a preface where the teacher explains the topic related to new material. Second, instruction activities that begins with teaching vocabularies, Arabic listening about nutrition, interactive question-answer and speaking and vocabularies test. Third, Evaluation by giving homework then closing.
Research Limitation/Implications- The limitation of the problem in this research is focused on teaching Arabic on speaking and listening skills, and has not discussed teaching on other skills, namely the ability to write and read. However, this study explains the teaching of Arabic, especially to students of the Nutrition Study Program, which is equipped with materials and exercises related for nutrition science students using special textbook that has been designed for university level
Keywords: Arabic Teaching, Arabic Textbook for Special Purposes, Nutrition Science
Alih Kode dan Campur Kode Guru-Guru Bahasa Arab Pada Grup Whatsapp Majma’ Al-Lughah Al-‘Arabiyyah
Authors: Fauzan Ahyar , Nasrullah Ahmad , Hidayat Tatang 
Published: May 2023

Objective: This study aims to mention examples of code switching or code mixing for Arabic teachers in the Majma' Al-Lughah Al-'Arabiyyah Whatsapp group, explain the meaning of code switching or code mixing used, and mention the factors that encourage the use of code switching and code mixing.
Design/Methodology: This study uses a qualitative approach and a descriptive method. The researcher collected chat data from the Majma' Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah WhatsApp group related to code switching and code mixing, then performed data classification, analysis, and conclusion.
Findings: Researchers found 22 code mixing, and 6 code switching. While the factors that cause the use of code mixing and code switching are seven, namely: (1) Arabic speaking habits, (2) speakers do not master Indonesian, (3) limited meaning, (4) as a form of respect, (5) use of more popular terms, (6) enhance a sense of humor, and (7) speech situations. The most dominant factor is the speaker's habit of speaking Arabic and the speaker is not fluent in Indonesian, and the least dominant factor is the factor of increasing prestige.
Research Limitations/Implications: This research is limited to Arabic teachers at the Majma' Lughah Al-Arabiyyah institution, with a span of only two months. Even so, this research has been able to provide an overview of the use of code switching and code mixing in the Majma' Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah WhatsApp group as a whole.
Tathwir al- Manahij Bi syaklin 'Am fi al-Marhalah al-Asasiyah (al-Ibtidaiyah) fi al-Mamlakah al-Arabiyah as-Sa'udiyah
Authors: Kawakip Akhmad Nurul , Hammad Al Balawi Ali , Nurul Fauzi Firman 
Published: May 2023

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to see the reality of curriculum, curriculum development and evaluation from the point of view of teachers in elementary schools in Saudi Arabia. The focus of this research is a sample of teachers who work in Tabuk schools in the academic year of 1442 H.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach- The method used in this research is a survey. The research informants were 100 elementary school teachers in the city of Tabuk Saudi Arabia who were taken randomly. Because it is a survey research, the data is obtained through a questionnaire.
Findings- The results of the study show that it takes the initiative of all stages of education in developing the curriculum in many aspects. In addition, it requires special formulation at all levels, integration, continuity between subjects, connecting knowledge and scientific life, focusing on scientific research skills, developing thinking and problem solving skills, and considering students. The needs and tendencies of learners, and the existing and expected aspirations of the Saudi society, as all aspects of this Kingdom curriculum need to be developed, updated and acted upon.
Research Limitation/ Implications- This research could not be more in-depth due to the limited time of researchers in searching for data, even though this research can be used as a basis in helping to develop the curriculum at Tabuk Elementary School in Saudi Arabia.
Kata kunci/ Keywords- Curriculum, Elementary School, Saudi Arabia
The investigation of the transport system for fright owners servicing in the traffic centres
Authors: Ye. V. Nahornyi  , A. M. Okrokov  , H. I. Peresta  
Published: May 2023

The development of research activities related to operation of transport junctions and improvement of transport services at them for freight owners, co-operation of separate modes of transport in a junction and upgrading the quality of transportations is examined.
The traction electric operation and its exploitation abilities
Authors: V. M. Bezruchenko  , O. A. Khoroshko  
Published: May 2023

The possibilities of asynchronous traction electric motor drive are considered at the certain coupling mass taking into account the coupling restrictions. A variant of using the regulation law for electric motor drive allowing realizing traction force more rationally is offered. The possibility of reaching the speeds to 220 km/h for electric locomotive DS3 is shown
Specification methods are for electrical index systems of electric traction in transient state of its work. 1. The theoretical results
Authors: P. Ye. Mykhalichenko  , M. O. Kostin  
Published: May 2023

In the article three methods for determination of the wasteful losses of electric energy in a system of DC traction supply based upon the advanced mathematical techniques for analysis of electric values, which are random functions of time, are suggested.
Separating Primary and Secondary Mechanisms for Seismicity Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Karimi Kamran , Davidsen Jörn 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Hydraulic fracturing operations are generally associated with induced seismic events with magnitudes that are typically lower than those of tectonic-based earthquakes. Although fluid migration and the resulting pore-pressure increase appear to be the primary driving mechanisms, one must also understand fault activation and the secondary interevent triggering process(es) leading to the generation of aftershock sequences. This requires distinguishing between seismic events that are a direct consequence of fluid injections and those that predominantly arise because of secondary mechanisms such as static or dynamic stress triggering caused by preceding earthquakes. Focusing on a case study in the Montney area in western Alberta, Canada, where both surface array and borehole geophone data are available, we (1) establish the importance of secondary mechanisms and aftershock sequences in this area and (2) show that the statistical properties of the aftershock sequences can allow one to establish whether significant fault activation is at play and whether the activated fault zone was critically prestressed. Specifically, we find evidence for aftershock sequences using different statistical methodologies, although the presence of aftershocks in the studied hydraulic-fracturing-induced context is significantly less dominant compared with tectonic seismicity. The identified aftershock sequences are characterized by long-range spatial aftershock zones, setting them apart from other cases in fluid-driven settings but comparable to tectonic aftershock sequences and indicative of fault activation. Despite this observation, we find overall a strong dominance of smaller triggers for aftershock sequences and an aftershock production associated with large-magnitude events that is significantly lower than what has been observed in tectonic settings. This suggests that the activated fault zone as a whole was not critically prestressed, and the associated initial seismic hazard was significantly lower compared with tectonic cases.