bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary evaluation of a smartphone application (DelApp) for identification of delirium in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Paddick Stella-Maria , Gamassa Editruda , Mwaluwinga Nuru , Lewis Grace , Duinmaijer Ashanti , Urasa Sarah , Tucker Laura , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta Blagoja , Cosker Glynis , Dekker Marieke , Kisoli Aloyce , Cletus Jane , Lissu Caroline , Dotchin Catherine , Gray William K. , Walker Richard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective:
In sub-Saharan Africa, there are no validated screening tools for delirium in older adults, despite the known vulnerability of older people to delirium and the associated adverse outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a brief smartphone-based assessment of arousal and attention (DelApp) in the identification of delirium amongst older adults admitted to the medical department of a tertiary referral hospital in Northern Tanzania.

Method:
Consecutive admissions were screened using the DelApp during a larger study of delirium prevalence and risk factors. All participants subsequently underwent detailed clinical assessment for delirium by a research doctor. Delirium and dementia were identified against DSM-5 criteria by consensus.

Results:
Complete data for 66 individuals were collected of whom 15 (22.7%) had delirium, 24.5% had dementia without delirium, and 10.6% had delirium superimposed on dementia. Sensitivity and specificity of the DelApp for delirium were 0.87 and 0.62, respectively (AUROC 0.77) and 0.88 and 0.73 (AUROC 0.85) for major cognitive impairment (dementia and delirium combined). Lower DelApp score was associated with age, significant visual impairment (<6/60 acuity), illness severity, reduced arousal and DSM-5 delirium on univariable analysis, but on multivariable logistic regression only arousal remained significant.

Conclusion:
In this setting, the DelApp performed well in identifying delirium and major cognitive impairment but did not differentiate delirium and dementia. Performance is likely to have been affected by confounders including uncorrected visual impairment and reduced level of arousal without delirium. Negative predictive value was nevertheless high, indicating excellent ‘rule out’ value in this setting.
Is terrorism necessarily violent? Public perceptions of nonviolence and terrorism in conflict settings
Authors: Ben Sasson-Gordis Avishay , Yakter Alon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDiscussions of terrorism assume actual or threatened violence, but the term is regularly used to delegitimize rivals' nonviolent actions. Yet do ordinary citizens accept descriptions of nonviolence as terrorism? Using a preregistered survey-experiment in Israel, a salient conflictual context with diverse repertoires of contention, we find that audiences rate adversary nonviolence close to terrorism, consider it illegitimate, and justify its forceful repression. These perceptions vary by the action's threatened harm, its salience, and respondents' ideology. Explicitly labeling nonviolence as terrorism, moreover, particularly sways middle-of-the-road centrists. These relationships replicate in a lower-salience conflict, albeit with milder absolute judgments, indicating generalizability. Hence, popular perceptions of terrorism are more fluid and manipulable than assumed, potentially undermining the positive effects associated with nonviolent campaigns.
How Local Factions Pressure Parties: Activist Groups and Primary Contests in the Tea Party Era
Authors: Blum Rachel M. , Cowburn Mike 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe contemporary Republican Party has been the site of asymmetric partisan entrenchment and factional infighting. We test whether factional pressure from a far-right faction (the Tea Party) exacerbated the party's rightward movement with a granular analysis of Republican factionalism at the congressional district level. We develop a measure of local factionalism using novel datasets of activist presence and primary contests. Then, we conduct a difference-in-differences analysis to assess whether local factionalism in the Tea Party era heightened Republican partisanship and legislative extremism at the district level. We find that districts that experienced factional pressure moved rightward on both measures. These findings help clarify how the Tea Party captured the Republican Party and support a focus on the role of party factions in fomenting partisan conflict.
Surgeries on iterated torus knots bounding rational homology 4-balls
Authors: Lokteva Lisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe show that all large enough positive integral surgeries on algebraic knots bound a 4-manifold with a negative definite plumbing tree, which we describe explicitly. Then we apply the lattice embedding obstruction coming from Donaldson’s Theorem to classify the ones of the form $S^3_n(T(p_1,k_1p_1+1; p_2, k_2p_2\pm 1))$ that also bound rational homology 4-balls.
Bilateral simultaneous presentation of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Yetiser Sertac , Ince Dilay 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo outline the clinical picture of bilateral posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.MethodsA total of 573 patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were classified as having unilateral, or true or pseudo bilateral, posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and were treated with the Epley manoeuvre. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsOf the patients, 483 had unilateral and 90 (15.7 per cent) had bilateral presentation. Of the latter, 72 patients had pseudo bilateral posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Comparisons of site of involvement, male to female ratio and the incidence of associated problems in unilateral, and true and pseudo bilateral posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo did not reveal any statistically significant differences (p = 0.828, p = 0.200, p = 0.142). Comparisons of the number of manoeuvres required to provide symptom relief and the rate of recurrence were significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionIdentification of true and pseudo bilateral posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is important given the differences in aetiology and treatment outcome. Treatment of patients with true bilateral posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo requires several therapeutic manoeuvre attempts, and patients should be warned about recurrence.
Was the Habsburg Empire an Empire?
Authors: Connelly John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Habsburg monarchy seems doubly confounding. Its historians call it an empire, but it actually never called itself that. For a fraction of its existence (1804–67), the monarchy counted as a Kaisertum, a word meant to burnish the fading glory of a lost imperial title (of the Holy Roman Empire). But its rulers never evinced the self-confident imperial aggressiveness or the desire to exploit distant territories that characterized British or Russian counterparts, and students of global empires often do not think the Habsburgs fit the category. But after calling the double monarchy an empire, Central European specialists lose the critical edge historians apply to other empires, and celebrate the Habsburgs for holding back nationalism, the force that made the twentieth century so deadly. The monarchy was not only an empire but a virtuous empire. This Kann Memorial Lecture examines a range of theoretical and practical reasons for calling the Habsburg state an empire—as its subjects often did. But if we do, we should recognize that like other empires it abhorred democracy. Perhaps more than a dam holding back the twentieth century and all its evils, the Habsburg Empire was more a conduit.
Spatiotemporal evaluation of waning grassland habitats for swamp deer conservation across the human-dominated upper Gangetic Plains, India
Authors: Paul Shrutarshi , Saha Sohini , Nigam Parag , Ali Sk Zeeshan , Page Navendu , Khan Aamer Sohel , Kumar Mukesh , Habib Bilal , Mohan Dhananjai , Pandav Bivash , Mondol Samrat 
Published: June 2023

SummaryGrassland habitats currently face severe anthropogenic exploitation, thereby affecting the survival of grassland-dependent biodiversity globally. The biodiversity-rich grasslands of India lack quantitative spatiotemporal information on their status. We evaluated the status of upper Gangetic Plains grasslands in 2015 and compared it with those from 1985, 1995 and 2005. On-ground mapping and visual classifications revealed a 57% decline in these grasslands between 1985 (418 km2) and 2015 (178 km2), mostly driven by habitat conversion (74% contribution by cropland). Limited radiotelemetry data from endemic swamp deer indicated a possible grassland-dominated average home range size of 1.02 km2, and these patches were highly preferred (average Ivlev’s index = 0.85) over other land-use classes at both spatial and temporal scales. Camera-trapping within the core habitats suggests the critical use of these patches as fawning/breeding grounds. Habitat suitability analysis indicates only c. 17% of the area along the Ganges is suitable as swamp deer habitat. We recommend the protection of these critical grassland patches to maintain ‘dynamic corridors’, with restoration and other management approaches involving multiple stakeholders to ensure the survival of this critical ecosystem.
Univalent categories of modules
Authors: Flaten Jarl G. Taxerås 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe show that categories of modules over a ring in homotopy type theory (HoTT) satisfy the internal versions of the AB axioms from homological algebra. The main subtlety lies in proving AB4, which is that coproducts indexed by arbitrary sets are left-exact. To prove this, we replace a set X with the strict category of lists of elements in X. From showing that the latter is filtered, we deduce left-exactness of the coproduct. More generally, we show that exactness of filtered colimits (AB5) implies AB4 for any abelian category in HoTT. Our approach is heavily inspired by Roswitha Harting’s construction of the internal coproduct of abelian groups in an elementary topos with a natural numbers object. To state the AB axioms, we define and study filtered (and sifted) precategories in HoTT. A key result needed is that filtered colimits commute with finite limits of sets. This is a familiar classical result but has not previously been checked in our setting. Finally, we interpret our most central results into an
$\infty$
-topos
$ {\mathscr{X}} $
. Given a ring R in
$ {\tau_{\leq 0}({{\mathscr{X}}})} $
– for example, an ordinary sheaf of rings – we show that the internal category of R-modules in
$ {\mathscr{X}} $
represents the presheaf which sends an object
$ X \in {\mathscr{X}} $
to the category of
$ (X{\times}R) $
-modules in
${\mathscr{X}} / X$
. In general, our results yield a product-preserving left adjoint to base change of modules over X. When X is 0-truncated, this left adjoint is the internal coproduct. By an internalisation procedure, we deduce left-exactness of the internal coproduct as an ordinary functor from its internal left-exactness coming from HoTT.
Die Bedeutung frühkindlicher Schlafprobleme für das spätere familiale Wohlergehen
Authors: Lux Ulrike , Friedmann Anna 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die längerfristige Bedeutung kindlicher Schlafprobleme für die gesamte Familie ist kaum erforscht. Fragestellung: (1) Sind kindliche Schlafprobleme prädiktiv für das familiale Wohlergehen auf Elternebene, Eltern-Kind-Beziehungsebene und die kindliche negative Emotionalität zwei Jahre später? (2) Ist die frühere korrespondierende elterliche Belastung ein Mediator? Methode: Die Längsschnittstudie von N = 669 Familien (T2: MAlter Elternteil = 36.93 Jahre, SD = 4.95; 7.0 % Väter) mit Kleinkindern (T2: M= 39.62 Monate, SD = 11.28; 49.5 % Mädchen) untersuchte die Folgen elternberichteter frühkindlicher Schlafprobleme und der korrespondierenden elterlichen Belastung für das familiale Wohlergehen (z. B. Angst- und Depressionssymptome, elterliche Kompetenzzweifel) sowie für die kindliche negative Emotionalität zu T1 und T2 mithilfe eines Mediationsmodells. Ergebnisse: Schlafprobleme zu T1 prädizieren das Wohlergehen auf Eltern- und Eltern-Kind-Beziehungsebene zu T2, vollständig mediiert über die frühere elterliche Belastung. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Kindliche Schlafprobleme sind noch zwei Jahre später für das Wohlergehen auf Eltern- und Eltern-Kind-Beziehungsebene über die elterliche Belastung bedeutsam. Beeinträchtigungen des elterlichen Wohlergehens und der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung sollten bei Diagnostik und Therapie noch stärker berücksichtigt werden.
Optimizing Simultaneous Water Level and Wave Measurements From Multi‐GNSS Interferometric Reflectometry Over 1 Year at an Exposed Coastal Site
Authors: Sepúlveda Ignacio , Cao Bing , Haase Jennifer S. , Murphy Michael J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS‐IR) measures water level using the interference pattern in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) from direct and reflected signals off the sea surface, retrieved from standard geodetic antennas. Significant wave height is also measured by determining the satellite elevation angles where reflections become incoherent. We developed an approach for standard geodetic antennas to simultaneously measure sea levels and waves using a criterion for identifying coherent reflections. We tested the method at an exposed coastal environment at the E.B. Scripps Memorial Pier in California. The 1‐year test captures a broad range of sea states and benefits from several co‐located standard oceanographic sensors. By including GPS, Galileo, and GLONASS observations, the retrieval rate increases by a factor of ∼2 over GPS alone. Uncorrected water levels are estimated with a root‐mean‐square (RMS) error of 18.2 cm with respect to a conventional tide gauge. We further developed a simplified correction to remove the effect of phenomena altering the SNR oscillatory frequency and phase, which reduces RMS errors to 9.4 cm. We estimate the significant wave height with 15 cm RMS error with respect to a traditional wave gauge. The method, however, requires a short calibration. We find the wave height errors increase abruptly beyond a fixed limit when high waves are present, that may be a result of the particular deployment geometry. With this caveat, the technology could be useful to deploy in under‐sampled regions affected by compounded coastal hazards, such as in areas affected by tropical cyclones and flooding.
The Flocculation State of Mud in the Lowermost Freshwater Reaches of the Mississippi River: Spatial Distribution of Sizes, Seasonal Changes, and Their Impact on Vertical Concentration Profiles
Authors: Osborn Ryan , Dunne Kieran B. J. , Ashley Thomas , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Strom Kyle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe use in situ measurements of suspended mud to assess the flocculation state of the lowermost freshwater reaches of the Mississippi River. The goal of the study was to assess the flocculation state of the mud in the absence of seawater, the spatial distribution of floc sizes within the river, and to look for seasonal differences between summer and winter. We also examine whether measured floc sizes can explain observed vertical distributions of mud concentration through a Rouse profile analysis. Data were collected at the same locations during summer and winter at similar discharges and suspended sediment concentrations. Measurements showed that the mud in both seasons was flocculated and that the floc size could reasonably be represented by a cross‐sectional averaged value as sizes varied little over the flow depth or laterally across the river at a given station. Depth‐averaged floc sizes ranged from 75 to 200 microns and increased slightly moving downriver as turbulence levels dropped. On average, flocs were 40 microns larger during summer than in winter, likely due to enhanced microbial activity associated with warmer water. Floc size appeared to explain vertical variations in mud concentration profiles when the bed was predominately composed of sand. Average mud settling velocities for these cases ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 mm/s. However, Rouse‐estimated settling velocities ranged from 1 to 3 mm/s at two stations during winter where the bed was composed of homogeneous mud. These values exceeded the size‐based estimates of settling velocity.
Developmental manifestations of polygenic risk for bipolar disorder from infancy to middle childhood
Authors: Askeland Ragna Bugge , Hannigan Laurie J. , O’Connell Kevin S. , Corfield Elizabeth C. , Frei Oleksandr , Thapar Anita , Smith George Davey , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Andreassen Ole A. , Ask Helga , Havdahl Alexandra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractKnowledge on how genetic risk for bipolar disorder manifests in developmental, emotional or behavioral traits during childhood is lacking. This issue is important to address to inform early detection and intervention efforts. We investigated whether polygenic risk for bipolar disorder is associated with developmental outcomes during early to middle childhood in the general population, and if associations differ between boys and girls. Our sample consisted of 28 001 children from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort study, a prospective pregnancy cohort with available genotype and developmental data. Mothers reported on a range of developmental outcomes in their children at 6 and 18 months, 3, 5 and 8 years. Polygenic risk scores reflecting common variant liability to bipolar disorder were calculated. Linear regression models were used in a multi-group framework to investigate associations between polygenic risk score and developmental outcomes, using sex as a grouping variable. We found robust evidence for an association between polygenic risk scores for bipolar disorder and conduct difficulties (β = 0.041, CI = 0.020–0.062) and oppositional defiant difficulties (β = 0.032, CI = 0.014–0.051) at 8 years. Associations with most other outcomes were estimated within the region of practical equivalence to zero (equivalence range D = −0.1 to 0.1), with the exceptions of negative association for activity levels (β = −0.028, CI = −0.047– −0.010) at age 5 and benevolence (β = −0.025, CI = –0.043 to –0.008) at age 8, and positive association for motor difficulties (β = 0.025, CI = 0.008–0.043) at age 3, inattention (β = 0.021, CI = 0.003–0.041) and hyperactivity (β = 0.025, CI = 0.006–0.044) at age 8. Our results suggest that genetic risk for bipolar disorder manifests as disruptive behaviors like oppositional defiant and conduct difficulties in childhood in the general population.
Associated medical conditions among 10-year-old children with oral clefts - a retrospective review across three cleft centres: Part 2
Authors: Gee Samantha , Ezzeldin Maryam , Curtis Jacob , Clark Victoria J. , Smallridge Jacqueline , Collard Mechelle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn many cases, children with oral clefts present with accompanying medical conditions. These associated conditions can add complexity to the patient's dental management, both in terms of their treatment need and risk. Recognition and careful consideration of associated medical conditions is therefore crucial in providing safe and effective care for these patients.AimThis paper is the second in a two-part three-centre series. It investigates the prevalence of medical conditions affecting cleft lip and/or palate patients attending three cleft units within the UK.MethodRetrospective review was undertaken within three cleft units: South Wales (SW), Cleft NET East (CNE) and West Midlands (WM). This was completed via assessment of the 10-year audit record appointment clinical notes for the year 2016/2017.ResultsIn total, 144 cases were reviewed (SW = 42; CNE = 52; WM = 50). Of these, 38.9% of patients (n = 56) had associated medical conditions recorded.DiscussionThe review highlights the variety and impact of medical conditions affecting UK cleft patients providing insight into the consequent complexity of their dental care.ConclusionAn awareness of cleft lip and/or palate patients' associated medical conditions is important for all health care professionals involved in their care. Indeed, understanding of the patient's medical needs by multidisciplinary cleft teams is essential for effective planning and completion of holistic care. Involvement of specialists in paediatric dentistry sharing care with general dental practitioners is vital in providing appropriate oral health care and preventive support.
Role of liensinine in sensitivity of activated macrophages to ferroptosis and in acute liver injury
Authors: Li Jing , Huang Qi , Lv Minling , Ma Wenfeng , Sun Jialing , Zhong Xin , Hu Rui , Ma MengQing , Han Zhiyi , Zhang Wei , Feng Wenxing , Sun Xinfeng , Zhou Xiaozhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcute liver injury (ALI) is an acute inflammatory liver disease with a high mortality rate. Alternatively, activated macrophages (AAMs) have been linked to the inflammation and recovery of ALI. However, the mechanism underlying AAM death in ALI has not been studied sufficiently. We used liensinine (Lie) as a drug of choice after screening a library of small-molecule monomers with 1488 compounds from traditional Chinese remedies. In ALI, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of action of the drug in ALI and found that it effectively inhibited RSL3-induced ferroptosis in AAM. Lie significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in RSL3-generated AAM. It also improved the survival rate of LPS/D-GalN-treated mice, reduced serum transaminase activity, suppressed inflammatory factor production, and may have lowered AAM ferroptosis in ALI. Lie also inhibited ferritinophagy and blocked Fe2+ synthesis. Following combined treatment with RSL3 and Lie, super-resolution microscopy revealed a close correlation between ferritin and LC3-positive vesicles in the AAM. The co-localization of ferritin and LC3 with LAMP1 was significantly reduced. These findings suggest that Lie may ameliorate ALI by inhibiting ferritinophagy and enhancing AMM resistance to ferroptosis by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Therefore, Lie may be used as a potential therapeutic agent for patients with ALI.
Modular assembly of metal nanoparticles/mesoporous carbon two-dimensional nanosheets
Authors: Qiu Pengpeng , Zhang Xingmiao , Ai Yan , Luo Wei , Li Wei , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe manipulation of polymeric micelles across extended-length scales is a key challenge in the design of integrated mesoporous materials with well-defined geometry and advanced functions. Herein, we demonstrate a modular assembly strategy to construct metal nanoparticle functionalized mesoporous carbon two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets by organizing zero-dimensional (0D) spherical monomicelle modules on the 2D supporting blocks. The modular assembly process involves two key steps: the “modularization” step is used to synthesize highly uniform metal–catecholamine (MC) complex functionalized monomicelle “modules” that can be conveniently assembled on the 2D supporting blocks (graphene oxide (GO), WS2, and MXene) in the following “assembly” step. After an annealing process, the resultant composites possess a single-layered 2D nanosheet surrounded by two single-layered mesoporous carbon at both sides and exhibit highly ordered mesostructures with large surface areas (~385 m2 g−1), tunable pore sizes (16–25 nm) and highly dispersed metal-containing nanoparticles. Due to the modularity of this assembly process, a range of metal species (Co, Fe, Ni, V, Cu, Pd, FeCo, CoNi, and FeCoNi) can be in-situ incorporated into the 2D mesoporous frameworks, which are partially embedded in the pore walls with the remaining part exposed in the pore channels. Benefiting from the unique textual structures, the resultant GO-derived functional mesoporous carbon nanosheets (Co as the functional species and being annealed at 850 °C) exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity, long-term stability, and superior methanol tolerance for oxygen reduction reaction, which holds great potential as a catalyst for fuel cells.