bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-expression Gene Networks and Machine-learning Algorithms Unveil a Core Genetic Toolkit for Reproductive Division of Labour in Rudimentary Insect Societies
Authors: Favreau Emeline , Geist Katherine S , Wyatt Christopher D R , Toth Amy L , Sumner Seirian , Rehan Sandra M 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe evolution of eusociality requires that individuals forgo some or all their own reproduction to assist the reproduction of others in their group, such as a primary egg-laying queen. A major open question is how genes and genetic pathways sculpt the evolution of eusociality, especially in rudimentary forms of sociality—those with smaller cooperative nests when compared with species such as honeybees that possess large societies. We lack comprehensive comparative studies examining shared patterns and processes across multiple social lineages. Here we examine the mechanisms of molecular convergence across two lineages of bees and wasps exhibiting such rudimentary societies. These societies consist of few individuals and their life histories range from facultative to obligately social. Using six species across four independent origins of sociality, we conduct a comparative meta-analysis of publicly available transcriptomes. Standard methods detected little similarity in patterns of differential gene expression in brain transcriptomes among reproductive and non-reproductive individuals across species. By contrast, both supervised machine learning and consensus co-expression network approaches uncovered sets of genes with conserved expression patterns among reproductive and non-reproductive phenotypes across species. These sets overlap substantially, and may comprise a shared genetic “toolkit” for sociality across the distantly related taxa of bees and wasps and independently evolved lineages of sociality. We also found many lineage-specific genes and co-expression modules associated with social phenotypes and possible signatures of shared life-history traits. These results reveal how taxon-specific molecular mechanisms complement a core toolkit of molecular processes in sculpting traits related to the evolution of eusociality.
Impact of Pneumonia on Cognitive Aging: A Longitudinal Propensity-Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Hendel Merle K , Rizzuto Debora , Grande Giulia , Calderón-Larrañaga Amaia , Laukka Erika J , Fratiglioni Laura , Vetrano Davide L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Acute clinical events, such as pneumonia, may impact physical functionality but their effect on cognition and the possible duration of this effect remains to be quantified. This study investigated the impact of pneumonia on cognitive trajectories and dementia development in older people.

Methods
Data were obtained from 60+ years old individuals, who were assessed from 2001 to 2018 in the population-based SNAC-K study (Sweden). Participants were eligible if they were not institutionalized, had no dementia, and did not experience pneumonia 5 years prior to baseline (N = 2 063). A propensity score was derived to match 1:3 participants hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia (N = 178), to nonexposed participants (N = 534). Mixed linear models were used to model cognitive decline. The hazard of dementia, clinically diagnosed by physicians following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV, was estimated using Cox regression models.

Results
We found a transient impact of pneumonia on cognitive decline in the first 2.5 years (B = −0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.75, −0.15). The hazard ratio (HR) for dementia was not statistically significantly increased in pneumonia participants (HR = 1.17, 95%CI 0.82, 1.66).

Conclusions
The transient impact of pneumonia on cognitive function suggests an increased need of health care for patients after a pneumonia-related hospitalization and reinforces the relevance of pneumonia prevention.
Intergenerational Ties and COVID-19 Contagion: A Study on European Adults Aged 50 Years and Older Using SHARE Data
Authors: Uccheddu Damiano , Rizzi Ester Lucia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
Intergenerational coresidence and interdependence among family members are salient forms of family support. However, they can also likely increase social and physical contact and thus potential coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission, especially among older adults. This study makes an original contribution to the literature by investigating which individual and household characteristics are associated with the risk of COVID-19 contagion among community-dwelling adults aged 50 years or older living in 27 European countries. We accounted for multiple indicators of intergenerational relationships and conducted a gendered analysis.

Methods
The data came from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), including 2 waves of the SHARE Corona Survey. Using linear probability models, the risk of experiencing COVID-19 outcomes was predicted by different family structures and intergenerational relationship indicators.

Results
While intergenerational coresidence was not associated with the risk of COVID-19, a higher frequency of face-to-face contact with adult children was associated with a lower risk of COVID-19 among mothers. This result stresses the importance of social support from adult children during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we also showed that grandparents who took care of grandchildren were at a higher risk of COVID-19. Additionally, childless individuals had a lower risk of COVID-19 during the second wave of the pandemic.

Discussion
This study highlights the importance of intergenerational relationships in pandemic studies and underscores the need to examine how intergenerational ties might be a source of social support. Implications for policy interventions are discussed in the final section.
The Oral-Gut Axis: Periodontal Diseases and Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Lam Gretchen A , Albarrak Hala , McColl Cassidy J , Pizarro Alaina , Sanaka Harsha , Gomez-Nguyen Adrian , Cominelli Fabio , Paes Batista da Silva Andre 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
One of the prospective sequelae of periodontal disease (PD), chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa, is the development of inflammatory gastrointestinal (GI) disorders due to the amplification and expansion of the oral pathobionts. In addition, chronic inflammatory diseases related to the GI tract, which include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can lead to malignancy susceptibility in the colon of both animals and humans. Recent studies suggest that dysbiosis of the oral microbiota can alter the microbial composition in relative abundance or diversity of the distal gut, leading to the progression of digestive carcinogenesis. The link between PD and specific GI disorders is also closely associated with the migration and colonization of periodontal pathogens and the subsequent microbe-reactive T cell induction within the intestines. In this review, an in-depth examination of this relationship and the accessibility of different mouse models of IBD and PD may shed light on the current dogma. As such, oral microbiota dysbiosis involving specific bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, can ultimately lead to gut malignancies. Further understanding the precise mechanism(s) of the oral-gut microbial axis in PD, IBD, and colorectal cancer pathogenesis will be pivotal in diagnosis, prognosis, and future treatment.
Distributing Democratic Influence: External Efficacy and the Preferred Influence of Policy Winners and Losers
Authors: Kevins Anthony 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Should those who would be disproportionately affected by a policy change have more influence on that reform than the average citizen? And does it matter whether the affected individuals stand to benefit or lose out from the proposed reform? Despite longstanding debates on proportionality, asymmetry, and affected interests in the democratic theory literature, we know little about public opinion on these questions. This study, therefore, uses an original survey of 3,200 U.S. respondents to explore these attitudes. To do so, it builds on related work highlighting the potential relevance of the type of affectedness as well as individual-level variation in political efficacy, examining (1) the relationship between the preferred influence of negatively versus positively affected citizens; and (2) the role of external efficacy in shaping these preferences. Results suggest that most respondents favor equal influence regardless of affectedness, but that greater external efficacy may increase the preferred influence of negatively and positively affected citizens.
AGENT: an adaptive grouping and entrapping method for flocking systems
Authors: Wang Chen , Kuang Wenxi , Gu Minqiang , Fan Zhun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study proposes a distributed algorithm that enables agents’ adaptive grouping and entrapment of multiple targets via automatic decision making, smooth flocking, and well-distributed entrapping. In this study, an agent distributed decision framework is proposed. Agents make their own decisions about which targets to surround based on environmental information. Meanwhile, a modified Vicsek model is proposed to enable agents to smoothly change formations to adapt to the environment, while forming an entrapping effect on the target. In addition, we provide an optional rotary entrapping function for this model to achieve better effect. We validate the performance of proposed method using simulation and physical experiments.
Fission yeast cells mix parental mitochondria in a progressive manner during meiosis
Authors: Wu Daqiang , Chu Yongkang , Wei Wenfan , Liu Ling , Fu Chuanhai 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Mitochondria in many fungi are inherited uniparentally during meiosis. It has remained unclear whether parental mitochondria in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe are inherited uniparentally or biparentally. Here, we assessed the mixing of parental mitochondria carefully by live-cell microscopy and developed an algorithm to determine the degree of mitochondrial mixing in a quantitative manner. We found that parental mitochondria in fission yeast cells were mixed progressively as meiosis progressed. Moreover, we established that mitochondrial fission and the size of the conjugation neck are the limiting factors in restricting the mixing of parental mitochondria. We further employed a combination of quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fluorescent live-cell microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy approaches to examine the mitochondrial inheritance of progeny cells derived from a cross between wild-type and Rho0 (mitochondrial DNA absent) cells. The results show that all progeny cells of the cross carry mitochondrial DNA. Hence, our data support the model in which parental mitochondria in the fission yeast S. pombe are inherited biparentally during meiosis.
Wildfire Response: A System on the Brink?
Authors: Thompson Matthew P , Belval Erin J , Bayham Jude , Calkin David E , Stonesifer Crystal S , Flores David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIncreasing wildfire activity, decreasing workforce capacity, and growing systemic strain may result in an interagency wildfire-response system less capable of protecting landscapes and communities. Further, increased workloads will likely increase hazards to fire personnel and amplify existing problems with recruitment and retention. In the face of elevated risks and degraded capacity, it is imperative that the wildfire-response system operate efficiently. Viable solutions are urgently needed that enable the system to do more with less and that manage not only for landscapes and communities but also the health and wellbeing of the fire personnel on whom the system relies. Achieving this will likely require rethinking how the interagency wildfire-response system can more adaptively and intelligently deploy fire personnel by leveraging enhanced logistics, operations, and proven fire analytics.
Development of deep-inspiration breath-hold system that monitors the position of the chest wall using infrared rangefinder
Authors: Oshima Masaki , Shikama Naoto , Usui Keisuke , Nojiri Shuko , Isobe Akira , Muramoto Yoichi , Kawamoto Terufumi , Yamaguchi Nanae , Kosugi Yasuo , Sasai Keisuke 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe conducted a prospective study to quantitatively evaluate the movement of the chest wall to establish the simple and reproducible deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) method. The left nipple position was monitored to confirm the inspiratory state. Planning computed tomography (CT) was performed under DIBH and free-breath. We conducted radiation plans with DIBH and free-breath CT and evaluated organ at risk (OAR) and target doses according to two different plans. The relationship between positioning errors of the chest wall and patient factors was evaluated using univariate analysis and fixed-effects models. Twenty-three patients aged ≤ 60 years were enrolled during January–August 2021; 358 daily radiation treatments were evaluated. The median time of treatment room occupancy was 16 minutes (interquartile range, 14–20). The area of the planning target volume (PTV) surrounded by the 95% isodose line was more extensive in DIBH than in free breathing (71.6% vs 69.5%, P &lt; 0.01), whereas the cardiac and left anterior descending (LAD) artery doses were lower (both P &lt; 0.01). In the fixed-effects model analysis, the occupation time of the treatment room was correlated with positioning error. The difference between the planned and irradiated dose was the largest in the LAD branch of the coronary artery (−2.5 Gy), although the OAR dose decreased owing to positional error. The current DIBH method, wherein a single point on the chest wall is monitored to confirm that the patient is in an inspiratory state, allows radiation to be performed in a short time with a small dose error.
Non-operative management of a large Morgagni hernia—an alternative approach?
Authors: Archer Jack Peter , Williams Nicholas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Morgagni’s hernia (MH) is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia with a small percentage of cases diagnosed in adulthood. The average age of diagnosis is 57 years, with 61% being female and 10–28% being asymptomatic. It is common practice to complete surgical repair of MH regardless of symptomology or size of the defect despite a paucity of evidence. This paper highlights the potential for non-operative management as a reasonable treatment option in large asymptomatic MH. A female in her 40s was referred following an abnormal spirometry result as a part of a routine pre-employment check. She subsequently had imaging, which showed a large MH with abdominal contents within the thoracic cavity. Following discussion at a multidisciplinary team meeting, it was decided that the risk of perioperative morbidity likely exceeded the risk of strangulation while asymptomatic, and thus surveillance was recommended.
The impact of the initial core temperature on protostellar disc fragmentation
Authors: Sigalotti L Di G , Cruz F , Hareter M , Gabbasov R , Klapp J , Fierro-Santillán C R , Ramírez-Velásquez J M , Zsargó J 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Ground-based and satellite observations have revealed dust temperatures as low as ∼5−7 K in the centre of low-mass, pre-stellar cloud cores, where star formation takes place. However, external heating may rise the outer core temperatures up to ∼15−20 K. Such low temperatures at the centre of pre-stellar cores are a key factor to constrain the conditions that lead to the formation of gravitationally bound protostellar systems as was recently captured by highly-resolved Atacama large millimeter/submillimeter array observations. Here, we report consistent smoothed particle hydrodynamics collapse calculations of cold cores that demonstrate the formation of close protobinary systems via small-scale fragmentation of a gravitationally unstable protostellar disc. The results indicate that mean binary separations, of tens of astronomical units, are a consequence of disc fragmentation in cold pre-stellar cores. Cloud cores initially with temperatures ≤6 K and a low amplitude (a = 0.1), m = 2 density perturbation formed close protobinaries that were followed deep into the non-isothermal collapse for several orbital periods and appeared to survive as independent stellar entities. At temperatures ≥7 K disc fragmentation is no longer observed and the calculations terminate with the formation of a wide protobinary, which may occasionally be accompanied by small substellar objects emerging by fragmentation of the circumbinary disc. When the perturbation amplitude is raised to a = 0.25, disc fragmentation occurs again only in cores with initial temperatures ≤6 K. Therefore, increasing the perturbation amplitude does not necessarily imply that there will be disc fragmentation at higher core temperatures.
Accretion geometry of the neutron star low mass X-ray binary Cyg X-2 from X-ray polarization measurements
Authors: Farinelli R , Fabiani S , Poutanen J , Ursini F , Ferrigno C , Bianchi S , Cocchi M , Capitanio F , De Rosa A , Gnarini A , Kislat F , Matt G , Mikusincova R , Muleri F , Agudo I , Antonelli L A , Bachetti M , Baldini L , Baumgartner W H , Bellazzini R , Bongiorno S D , Bonino R , Brez A , Bucciantini N , Castellano S , Cavazzuti E , Ciprini S , Costa E , Del Monte E , Di Gesu L , Di Lalla N , Di Marco A , Donnarumma I , Doroshenko V , Dovčiak M , Ehlert S R , Enoto T , Evangelista Y , Ferrazzoli R , Garcia J A , Gunji S , Hayashida K , Heyl J , Iwakiri W , Jorstad S G , Karas V , Kitaguchi T , Kolodziejczak J J , Krawczynski H , La Monaca F , Latronico L , Liodakis I , Maldera S , Manfreda A , Marin F , Marscher A P , Marshall H L , Mitsuishi I , Mizuno T , Ng C-Y , O’Dell S L , Omodei N , Oppedisano C , Papitto A , Pavlov G G , Peirson A L , Perri M , Pesce-Rollins M , Petrucci P O , Pilia M , Possenti A , Puccetti S , Ramsey B D , Rankin J , Ratheesh A , Romani R W , Sgrò C , Slane P , Soffitta P , Spandre G , Tamagawa T , Tavecchio F , Taverna R , Tawara Y , Tennant A F , Thomas N E , Tombesi F , Trois A , Tsygankov S S , Turolla R , Vink J , Weisskopf M C , Wu K , Xie F , Zane S 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We report spectro-polarimetric results of an observational campaign of the bright neutron star low-mass X-ray binary Cyg X-2 simultaneously observed by IXPE, NICER, and INTEGRAL. Consistently with previous results, the broad-band spectrum is characterized by a lower-energy component, attributed to the accretion disc with kTin ≈ 1 keV, plus unsaturated Comptonization in thermal plasma with temperature kTe = 3 keV and optical depth τ ≈ 4, assuming a slab geometry. We measure the polarization degree in the 2–8 keV band P = 1.8 ± 0.3 per cent and polarization angle ϕ = 140° ± 4°, consistent with the previous X-ray polarimetric measurements by OSO-8 as well as with the direction of the radio jet which was earlier observed from the source. While polarization of the disc spectral component is poorly constrained with the IXPE data, the Comptonized emission has a polarization degree P = 4.0 ± 0.7 per cent and a polarization angle aligned with the radio jet. Our results strongly favour a spreading layer at the neutron star surface as the main source of the polarization signal. However, we cannot exclude a significant contribution from reflection off the accretion disc, as indicated by the presence of the iron fluorescence line.
High-resolution cryo-EM structure of the junction region of the native cardiac thin filament in relaxed state
Authors: Risi Cristina M , Belknap Betty , White Howard D , Dryden Kelly , Pinto Jose R , Chase P Bryant , Galkin Vitold E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cardiac contraction depends on molecular interactions among sarcomeric proteins coordinated by the rising and falling intracellular Ca2+ levels. Cardiac thin filament (cTF) consists of two strands composed of actin, tropomyosin (Tm), and equally spaced troponin (Tn) complexes forming regulatory units. Tn binds Ca2+ to move Tm strand away from myosin-binding sites on actin to enable actomyosin cross-bridges required for force generation. The Tn complex has three subunits—Ca2+-binding TnC, inhibitory TnI, and Tm-binding TnT. Tm strand is comprised of adjacent Tm molecules that overlap “head-to-tail” along the actin filament. The N-terminus of TnT (e.g., TnT1) binds to the Tm overlap region to form the cTF junction region—the region that connects adjacent regulatory units and confers to cTF internal cooperativity. Numerous studies have predicted interactions among actin, Tm, and TnT1 within the junction region, although a direct structural description of the cTF junction region awaited completion. Here, we report a 3.8 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the native cTF junction region at relaxing (pCa 8) Ca2+ conditions. We provide novel insights into the “head-to-tail” interactions between adjacent Tm molecules and interactions between the Tm junction with F-actin. We demonstrate how TnT1 stabilizes the Tm overlap region via its interactions with the Tm C- and N-termini and actin. Our data show that TnT1 works as a joint that anchors the Tm overlap region to actin, which stabilizes the relaxed state of the cTF. Our structure provides insight into the molecular basis of cardiac diseases caused by missense mutations in TnT1.
Save, Spend, or Give? A Model of Housing, Family Insurance, and Savings in Old Age
Authors: Barczyk Daniel , Fahle Sean , Kredler Matthias 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
How do housing and family shape the savings, spending, and inter-generational transfer behaviour of the elderly? Using the Health and Retirement Study, we document that inter-generational transfers to children are substantially backloaded, that homeowners dis-save much more slowly than renters but often sell their houses when entering a nursing home, and that care by children slows down nursing home entry and is linked to larger bequests, particularly of housing. To rationalise these facts, we develop a dynamic, non-cooperative model of the family with an indivisible housing asset and joint bargaining between elderly parents and their children over the housing and care arrangements of the parents. The model generates realistic savings and care choices and matches the timing of transfers and home liquidations. A key novelty is the housing-as-commitment channel: In the absence of long-run family contracts, housing provides a commitment device for more efficient savings. We find that this channel increases homeownership in old age by one-third and families’ willingness to pay for houses by 5–10%. This mechanism also facilitates informal care, slows down spending, and leads to larger bequests, implications that we support empirically.