bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caveolin 1 and 2 enhance the proliferative capacity of BCAM-positive corneal progenitors
Authors: Sasamoto Yuzuru , Kiritoshi Shoko , Lee Catherine A. A. , Fukuda Yoshiko , Martin Gabrielle , Ksander Bruce R. , Frank Markus H. , Frank Natasha Y. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Caveolin (CAV) 1 and 2 are integral membrane proteins that constitute major components of small membrane pouches termed caveolae. While several functions have been described in other tissues, the roles of CAV1 and CAV2 in the ocular surface have remained unknown. In the current study, we investigated the expression and function of CAV1 and CAV2 in the human cornea. We found CAV1 and CAV2 to be preferentially expressed by proliferative Basal Cell Adhesion Molecule (BCAM)-positive progenitor cells along the entire limbal and corneal basal epithelial layer. Functional gene knockdown studies reveal that BCAM, BCAM co-expressed Laminin α5 (LAMA5) and Laminin α3 (LAMA3) regulate expression of CAV2. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that CAV1 and CAV2 contribute to enhanced BCAM-positive cell proliferation through regulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) cell surface expression. In aggregate, our study identifies specific expression of CAV1 and CAV2 in BCAM-positive corneal basal epithelial cells and uncovers a novel CAV1/CAV2-dependent mechanism of corneal progenitor cell proliferation, with potential implications for therapeutic enhancement of corneal regeneration.
Evaluating site selection for optimal photovoltaic installations and CO₂ emission reduction in selected districts of khyber pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Farnaz  , Nuthammachot Narissara , Shabbir Rabia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As the global market for renewable energy solutions expands, geospatial analysis is becoming crucial for optimizing solar potential. The current study assesses the suitability of installing PV solar system in the Mardan, Peshawar, and Nowshera districts in Pakistan using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. Analysis of different parameters, such as topography, land use and land cover (LULC), solar radiation and land surface temperature (LST), were performed to find the appropriate locations for solar in their respective regions. The study employed binary classification and weighted overlay methods to detect patterns of spatial suitability. Peshawar showed maximum ability with 859.8 km² categorized as favorable with a projected annual power output capacity of 67.77 trillion kWh and a decrease in CO₂ emission of 2.78 billion metric tons. Mardan closely followed the suitable area with 828.4 km² with energy generation of 39.74 trillion kWh/year and reduction of CO₂ emissions by 1.63 billion metric tons. Nowshera has an appropriate area of 503.0 km², for energy output of 670.06 billion kWh, and CO₂ reduction of 27.46 million metric tons. These results underline the importance of combining geospatial and meteorological data for accurate planning of solar energy systems. By highlighting location-specific features, including topography and solar irradiance illustrates the importance of tailoring energy outputs and environmental impacts to local contexts. These insights help guide policymakers in driving renewable energy projects, and support Pakistan’s sustainable development and climate targets.
Characterization of the electronic structure and fate of doubly ionized carbon diselenide
Authors: Parriani Marco , Olsson Emelie , Daver Ideböhn Veronica , Wallner Måns , Squibb Richard J. , Nyman Gunnar , Falcinelli Stefano , Eland John H. D. , Hochlaf Majdi , Feifel Raimund 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Single photon double ionization of carbon diselenide (
$${\hbox {CSe}}_{2}$$
) has been investigated by means of multi-particle coincidence techniques. The interpretation of the experimental spectra is helped by post-Hartree-Fock computations at the Coupled Clusters and Multi-Reference Configuration-Interaction levels to determine the energetics and electronic state potentials of
$$\hbox {CSe}_2^{2+}$$
and its fragments. The lowest experimental double ionization energy of
$${\hbox {CSe}}_{2}$$
has been found to be 24.68 ± 0.20 eV, reflecting the
$$\hbox { X} ^3\Sigma ^-_g$$
ground state, and is in agreement with the theoretical vertical double ionization energy of 24.41 eV. Several fragmentation channels are reported including experimental appearance energies and kinetic energy releases in comparison to theoretical results on their characteristics. In particular, we identify several purely repulsive, Coulomb explosion fragmentation channels.
Algorithm for pixel-level concrete pavement crack segmentation based on an improved U-Net model
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , He Yike , Hu Di , Jin Qiang , Zhou Manxu , Liu Zongwei , Chen Hongli , Wang He , Xiang Xinchen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cracks that occur in concrete surfaces are numerous and diverse, and different cracks will affect road safety in different degrees. Accurately identifying pavement cracks is crucial for assessing road conditions and formulating maintenance strategies. This study improves the original U-shaped convolutional network (U-Net) model through the introduction of two innovations, thereby modifying its structure, reducing the number of parameters, enhancing its ability to distinguish between background and cracks, and improving its speed and accuracy in crack detection tasks. Additionally, datasets with different exposure levels and noise conditions are used to train the network, broadening its predictive ability. A custom dataset of 960 road crack images was added to the public dataset to train and evaluate the model. The test results demonstrate that the proposed U-Net-FML model achieves high accuracy and detection speed in complex environments, with MIoU, F1 score, precision, and recall values of 76.4%, 74.2%, 84.2%, and 66.4%, respectively, significantly surpassing those of the other models. Among the seven comparison models, U-Net-FML has the strongest overall performance, highlighting its engineering value for precise detection and efficient analysis of cracks.
Global warming may turn ice-free areas of Maritime and Peninsular Antarctica into potential soil organic carbon sinks
Authors: de Mello Danilo C. , Francelino Márcio R. , Moquedace Cássio M. , Baldi Clara G. O. , Silva Lucas V. , Siqueira Rafael G. , Veloso Gustavo V. , Fernandes-Filho Elpídio I. , Thomazini André , Demattê José A. M. , Ferreira Tiago O. , Gomes Lucas Carvalho , Senra Eduardo O. , Schaefer Carlos E. G. R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The impact of intensified climate change driven by global warming on the stocks and dynamics of soil organic carbon in Antarctica is currently uncertain. Our objective with this was evaluate the potential repercussions of global warming on soil organic carbon under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Employing a methodology that integrates soil field data, machine learning, and projections of future climate change scenarios for the Maritime and Peninsular Antarctic ice-free areas, we focus on predicting the soil organic carbon within the 0–30 cm soil layer. To achieve this, we utilized one of the largest soil databases of Antarctica, which contains data from 2800 observation sites. In our predictive modeling of SOC stocks, we used relief data and, bioclimatic variables (from Chelsa database) as predictor variables, primarily focusing on temperature, precipitation, and net primary production. The prediction performance of the soil organic carbon stocks model, as measured by concordance correlation coefficient, was 0.52 for the 0-5 cm soil depth, 0.56 for the 5-15 cm depth, and 0.46 for the 15-30 cm depth. Our model reveal that the effects of climate change, primarily changes in temperature and precipitation, are going to increase in soil organic carbon stock (359 ± 146 Mg to 686 ± 197 Mg), indicating that ice-free regions of Maritime and Peninsular Antarctica will tend to function as a carbon sink. However, the magnitude of the soil carbon sink is contingent upon the existing soil organic carbon content and soil depth. The estimated soil organic carbon stocks are controlled mainly by temperature and precipitation, which are interconnected with net primary productivity.
Can We Trust Our Ears? How Accurate and Reliable Are Speech-Language Pathologists' Estimates of Children's Speech Intelligibility?
Authors: Allison Kristen M. , Millington Marnie , Grimm Alanna 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
This study aimed to investigate the accuracy and reliability of subjective intelligibility estimates of young children's speech made by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) compared to naive listeners, and to examine how the severity of the child's speech impairment influences SLPs' intelligibility estimates.

Method:
Eighteen certified SLPs and 18 naive listeners provided intelligibility ratings of single-word speech samples produced by six preschoolers with speech disorders. All listeners rated intelligibility using two different methods: orthographic transcription and subjective estimation of the percentage of words understood. Absolute differences between estimated and transcription intelligibility scores were used to examine accuracy of intelligibility estimates in both listener groups, and intraclass correlations were used to evaluate interrater reliability.

Results:
Subjective intelligibility estimates differed from orthographic transcription-based intelligibility scores by 12.4% in the SLP listener group and 18.9% in the naive listener group. Interrater reliability of estimated intelligibility was substantially lower than transcription intelligibility in both listener groups.

Conclusion:
Results of this preliminary study suggest that subjective intelligibility estimates by SLPs are not adequately accurate or reliable for measurement of children's speech intelligibility.
Acute Placental Inflammation Is Associated with Reduced Progesterone Receptor Density in the Basal Decidua in Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Suresh Sunitha , Freedman Alexa , Hirsch Emmet , Ernst Linda M. 
Published: February 2025

Objective A functional progesterone withdrawal has been thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB). The density of the progesterone receptor (PR) in gestational tissues could play a role in functional progesterone withdrawal. We sought to understand the relationship between placental pathology and the density of PR in the basal decidua in the setting of spontaneous preterm delivery.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study of 40 patients with spontaneous PTB < 37 weeks from a prior study at NorthShore University HealthSystem previously described. Placental pathology was categorized according to the Amsterdam criteria into acute inflammation (AI), chronic inflammation (CI), maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), and fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM). Slides containing basal decidua were stained for PR. Ten distinct images were obtained from the basal plate of each placenta. The positive cell detection program in QuPath image analysis software was used to estimate the percentage of cells positive for PR (%PR + ). The mean %PR+ cells were calculated from the ten representative images and were correlated with patterns of placental injury using t-tests. Models were adjusted for gestational age at delivery.
Results The median gestational age at delivery was 32.5 weeks (interquartile range: 30.5, 34.1). There was a lower density of %PR+ cells among those with AI (12.9%PR+ without AI vs. 9.1%PR +  with AI, p = 0.03). There were no differences in the percent of %PR+ cells based on CI, MVM, or FVM. Models adjusted for gestational at delivery demonstrated persistent association with PR density and AI and no difference in the other pathologies.
Conclusion The presence of AI is associated with the lower density of PR expression in the basal decidua by quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. Further research is needed to investigate these findings in the context of spontaneous PTL and the prevention of PTB.
Key Points
Facial Fillers and Surgical Rhinoplasty: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vansteelant Géraldine , D'Souza Alwyn ,   EAFPS Filler Working Group
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aims to provide an overview of how rhinoplasty surgeons manage patients with previous nonsurgical rhinoplasty and facial fillers. A multicenter international cross-sectional study was conducted in accordance with strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. A survey was distributed to members of the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery and associated colleagues, with responses analyzed from surgeons performing over 10 rhinoplasties annually. A total of 171 surgeons from 45 countries participated, with 165 meeting the inclusion criteria. The respondents included ear, nose, and throat (41%), plastic (7%), maxillo-facial (10%), and facial plastic surgeons (23%), averaging 116 rhinoplasties annually and 13 years of experience. Among the surgeons, 74% perform rhinoplasty on patients with prior nasal fillers, typically waiting 21 weeks after filler rhinoplasty before surgery. Additionally, 44% of surgeons remove nasal fillers preoperatively, primarily using hyaluronidase. During surgery, 76% of surgeons remove nasal fillers, and 25% modify their surgical steps for patients with a history of fillers. This study shows that there is no clear consensus in the management of patients with nasal fillers. Surgeons are often unaware of the preoperative existence of nasal and facial fillers, their potential complications, and their management. To address this, guidelines should be established to facilitate the management of the growing number of patients with facial fillers.
Anteverted Concha: Case Series, Proposed Classification, Novel Management Technique, and Literature Review
Authors: Chalwade Chandrashekhar Subhash , Mehta Vidhi M. , R.M Senthil Kumar , Puri Vinita 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Background An anteverted concha is an uncommon ear anomaly that causes anterior ear deformity and falls under auricular deformation. Treatments vary from conservative to surgical. Limited global case reports may be due to under-recognition, prompting a proposed classification. Patients with an anteverted concha were evaluated in our department and a classification system was formulated.
Materials and Methods This study was conducted in a plastic surgery department at a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 2 years, from January 2021 to December 2022. This study included 22 ears of 16 patients. One patient underwent surgical correction, and two patients underwent molding therapy with excellent outcomes. In addition to reporting these patients' outcomes, we reviewed their cases to propose a classification system. Additionally, an in-depth review of the literature on the reported cases was performed.
Results Molding therapy during the early neonatal period and surgical correction later in life yielded excellent outcomes.
Conclusion An anteverted concha may be underdiagnosed. Correction is typically straightforward and may not necessitate surgery if it is diagnosed early. Surgical correction leads to excellent outcomes in symptomatic anteverted conchae in adulthood.
Ways to Repair Multicompartment Prolapse: Decision-Making and Surgical Approach
Authors: Rahman Sara , Wallace Shannon L. , Spivak Anna R. , Hortian Vanessa A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMulticompartment pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when multiple pelvic organs herniate through the pelvic floor, impacting quality of life and daily function. Concomitant POP and rectal prolapse are common but often underrecognized. A multidisciplinary approach involving urology, urogynecology, and colorectal surgery is essential for comprehensive care and improved outcomes. Concurrent surgeries are increasingly performed, allowing patients to address both conditions in a single operation without heightened complication rates. Treatment for rectal and vaginal prolapse can be achieved through robotic, laparoscopic, open abdominal, or vaginal/perineal approaches. Surgical selection is guided by patient comorbidities, treatment goals, the choice of mesh versus native tissue repair, and the surgeon's experience. This article presents five different approaches to illustrate the nuances of combined surgical approaches, offering insights into optimizing the treatment of multicompartment POP.
Left in Sabarimala: a time-marker in the political history of Kerala
Authors: Mohan Arjun S. , Komath Rajesh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The global reputation of the ‘Kerala model’ reflects a progressive dimension of the Indian state. However, discussions also involve its regressive aspects, particularly concerning caste and gender axes. Both progressive reformatory aspirations and regressive conservatism co-existed in Kerala’s public sphere. This wavelength was challenged by the Sabarimala verdict and subsequent conflict in 2018 – the gender question of accessing a male space was converted to a discourse of religious rights to worship. When the government decided to implement the apex court verdict, the Hindu right wing mobilised the emotions for Ayyappa, the perennial deity. Afterwards, the Left-led regime which was enthusiastic about progressive politics began to step back from challenging the Right-wing conservative forces. This argument is informed by a political analysis of various events after the conflict where the Left-led regime and Right-wing conservatives had a standoff. Such a scenario leads Kerala’s public sphere from a state of ‘dialectical unity’ towards a state of ‘missing dialectics’, which can challenge its secular fabric and communalise common sense. This note explicates what a linear narration of Kerala’s political history reveals about its contemporary state of politics.
Effects of selenium on leaf traits and photosynthetic characteristics of eggplant
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhao Xiawei , Wang Yan , Ma Xinyu , Li Haolin , Zhao Chengzhang 
Published: February 2025

The response of leaf traits and photosynthetic characteristics to selenium (Se) application reflects plant adaptation strategies for selenium-enhanced accumulation of photosynthetic products. This study selected eggplant as the research subject and conducted a field experiment to better understand these relationships. This study included three Se treatments, foliar sprays of 0.5 mg L−1 (T1), 1 mg L−1 (T2), and 1.5 mg L−1 (T3), with tap water as the control (CK). The results revealed that T1 and T2 significantly improved leaf traits and photosynthetic characteristics compared to CK, while T3 had a negative effect. Regarding the leaf area–leaf thickness (LA–LT) trade-off relationship, the T2 treatment favoured LA, whereas the CK, T1, and T3 treatments favoured LT, with trade-off values of T3 > T1 > CK. Regarding the net photosynthetic rate–transpiration rate (Pn–Tr) trade-off relationship, the CK treatment favoured Tr, whereas the T1, T2, and T3 treatments favoured Pn, with trade-off values of T2 > T1 > T3. In T1 and T2, the eggplant specific leaf area and Pn showed non-significant and highly significant positive correlations, respectively, and in CK and T3 showed non-significant and highly significant negative correlations, respectively. These results indicate that foliar application of Se at appropriate concentrations can increase crop productivity in semi-arid areas.
Implicit feedback and lexical stress
Authors: Parlak Özgür , Ziegler Nicole , Rabea Reem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The current study explored the effects of recasts on the production and perception of primary stress in a classroom context. Following a pretest-posttest-delayed posttest design, 28 L1 Arabic speakers were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Participants received four hours of instruction over a period of four days, and the lessons were recorded for stimulated recall. Teaching materials focused on argumentation, and were embedded with the target vocabulary to facilitate incidental mispronunciation. When the intervention group produced target words with misplaced primary stress, they received a recast. The control group did not receive corrective feedback. The results of linear mixed-effects analyses showed that recasts facilitated primary stress development through increased vowel duration. Stimulated recall data confirmed that participants noticed the recasts they received. However, there were no changes in participants’ perceptions of stress placement. These findings suggest that incidental pronunciation errors can be addressed through implicit feedback.
Guided synthesis of annotated lung CT images with pathologies using a multi-conditioned denoising diffusion probabilistic model (mDDPM)
Authors: Krishna Arjun , Wang Ge , Mueller Klaus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objective:&#xD;Training AI models for medical image diagnostics requires highly accurate, diverse, and large annotated datasets. Due to privacy constraints and the high cost of annotation by medical experts, available annotated training datasets are limited. We address this by introducing a controlled framework for generating synthetic images with annotations, incorporating multiple conditional specifications. &#xD;Approach:&#xD;Using lung CT as a case study, we employ a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) to train an unconditional large-scale generative model. We extend this with a classifier-free sampling strategy to develop a robust generation framework. This approach enables the generation of constrained and annotated lung CT images that accurately depict anatomy, successfully deceiving experts into perceiving them as real. Most notably, we demonstrate the generalizability of our multi-conditioned sampling approach by producing images with specific pathologies, such as lung nodules at designated locations, within the constrained anatomy.&#xD;Main results:&#xD;Our experiments reveal that our proposed approach can effectively produce constrained, annotated and diverse lung CT images that maintain anatomical consistency and fidelity, even for annotations not present in the training datasets. Moreover, our results highlight the superior performance of controlled generative frameworks of this nature compared to nearly every state-of-the-art image generative model when trained on comparable large medical datasets. Finally, we highlight how our approach can be extended to other medical imaging domains, further underscoring the versatility of our method.&#xD;Significance:&#xD;The significance of our work lies in its robust approach for generating synthetic images with annotations, facilitating the creation of highly accurate and diverse training datasets for AI applications and its wider applicability to other imaging modalities in medical domains. Our demonstrated capability to faithfully represent anatomy and pathology in generated medical images holds significant potential for various medical imaging applications, with high promise to lead to improved diagnostic accuracy and patient care.&#xD;