bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling BMI z score lability during childhood as a function of child temperament and genetic risk for obesity
Authors: Liu Chang , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Ram Nilam , Leve Leslie D. , Shaw Daniel S. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Reiss David , Ganiban Jody M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to examine whether child genetic risk for obesity and temperament (i.e., negative affectivity, effortful control) accounted for stability versus lability in children's weight status (BMI z score) over time.MethodsA total of 561 adopted children (42% female; 56% Caucasian, 13% African American, 11% Latino, and 20% other) and their birth and adoptive parents were followed from birth to age 9 years. The multilevel location‐scale model was used to examine whether child genetic risk for obesity and temperament were related to differences in level and lability in child BMI z scores over time.ResultsFor the full sample, higher levels of child negative affectivity were associated with greater BMI z score lability, whereas higher levels of effortful control and children's mean‐level BMI z scores were related to less lability across childhood. Additional analyses examined associations within groups of children with healthy versus overweight/obesity weight statuses. Within the healthy weight status group only, better effortful control was associated with more stable BMI z scores, whereas genetic risk for higher BMI was associated with more labile BMI z scores.ConclusionsThese findings provide insights into factors that can be harnessed to redirect unhealthy trajectories as well as factors that may challenge redirection or maintain a healthy trajectory.
Risk factors for metabolic syndrome in self‐identified and questioning sexual minority women
Authors: Choi Young Mee , Pilkerton Courtney S. , Xiang Jun , Ashcraft Amie M. , Seymour Keri A. , Szoka Nova 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveStudies have shown sexual minority women (SMW) have a higher incidence of obesity, but the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in SMW is unclear. We examined the association between sexual orientation and MetS and its components.MethodsData were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2016 examining women aged 20 to 59 years. Participants were divided into three categories: heterosexual, self‐identified SMW, and questioning SMW. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between sexual orientation and MetS.ResultsOf 12,755 women, 708 (5.6%) were self‐identified SMW, and 365 (2.9%) were questioning SMW. The incidence of MetS was not significantly different across the groups. Logistic regression demonstrated that self‐identified SMW had significantly higher odds of large waist circumference (odds ratio [OR] 1.39; 95% CI: 1.14–1.71) and obesity (OR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.24–1.90), while questioning SMW had significantly higher odds of low levels of high‐density lipoprotein (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.13–1.98) compared with heterosexual women.ConclusionsSelf‐identified and questioning SMW did not have an increased incidence of MetS compared with heterosexual women, but they had higher odds of large waist circumference and low high‐density lipoprotein, respectively. Further studies are needed to identify the gaps in social determinants of health in SMW.
Home access to a weight scale in the Hispanic/Latino population attending a community‐based free clinic
Authors: Fujioka Ken , Fujioka Jacob , Mafong Kaley , Wetherhold Nicole , Kim Sally , Rasul Amin , Lopez Alyssa , Cummins Kevin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDaily weighing has been shown to help with weight management. In primary care, the majority of virtual visits will ask patients about their weight. However, little is known about whether patients, especially those in the Hispanic/Latino population, have access to a weight scale. Our aim was to determine scale access and perceived height and weight in the Hispanic/Latino population attending a volunteer, no cost, community clinic.MethodsQuestionnaires were issued to patients attending the community clinic and a comparator group attending a medically insured primary care practice.ResultsOnly 52% of the Hispanic/Latino patients attending the community clinic had access to a scale compared with 85% of patients in the primary care office. Patients underreported weight and overreported height leading to underreporting body mass index by 0.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2.ConclusionsHealthcare providers who care for uninsured Hispanic/Latino patients in community clinics may need to be aware that patients may not have access to a scale.
A constitutive model for describing decoupled material behavior in thickness and in‐plane directions
Authors: Boes Birte , Simon Jaan‐Willem , Holthusen Hagen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn increasing demand for paper and paperboard in engineering applications has emerged throughout the years. This leads to a growing interest in simulation tools to predict the material behavior, which is challenging due to the anisotropic structure of the material. It can be divided into in‐plane and out‐of‐plane behavior, which is mostly independent of each other resulting from the microstructure. Thus, a constitutive material model that captures in‐plane and out‐of‐plane behavior in a consistent manner is desired to simulate complex deformation states. The decoupling will be incorporated by a decomposition of the kinematics and the energy formulation into in‐plane and out‐of‐plane terms by use of structural tensors. This approach is flexible and can easily be extended to inelastic material behavior. In this work, the introduction of the decoupling into a constitutive material model for inelastic behavior is described. Visco‐elasticity is included through inelastic potentials. Three different potential formulations are given where focus is on the third, novel formulation, which defines inelastic strain evolution only in out‐of‐plane directions. The capabilities of this formulation are compared to the remaining potentials by simulations of a pinched cylinder that is loaded in the out‐of‐plane direction.
Continuous self‐adversarial training of recurrent neural network–based constitutive description
Authors: Khedkar Abhinav Anil , Stöcker Julien Philipp , Zschocke Selina , Kaliske Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractData‐driven methods yield advantages in computational homogenization approaches due to the ability to capture complex material behaviour without the necessity to assume specific constitutive models. Neural network–based constitutive descriptions are one of the most widely used data‐driven approaches in the context of computational mechanics. The accuracy of this method strongly depends on the available data. Additionally, when considering inelastic materials, whose constitutive responses depend on the loading history, the accuracy and robustness of the approximation are influenced by the training algorithm. The applied recurrent neural networks exhibit reduced robustness in the presence of errors in the input. When capturing the history dependency using previously predicted material responses, occurrences of prediction errors accumulate over several time steps. An approach for achieving enhanced robustness of the predictions is based on extending the initial training dataset by iteratively generating adversarial examples, subjected to perturbations, based on the current prediction errors. In this contribution, a continuous self‐adversarial training approach yielding robust recurrent neural network constitutive descriptions for inelastic materials is presented. Compared to the iterative method it is based on, it exhibits significantly improved training efficiency. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed methods, numerical examples with datasets obtained by numerical material tests on representative volume elements are carried out. Validation of the results is performed using both test load cases from the numerical dataset, as well as application as a constitutive model in the finite element method.
Interrelationships between process parameters, cross‐sectional geometry, fracture behavior, and mechanical properties in material extrusion additive manufacturing
Authors: Adisa Ahmed O. , Colon Austin R. , Kazmer David O. , Peterson Amy M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing offers reduced lead time between design and manufacturing. Fused filament fabrication, the most common form of material extrusion additive manufacturing, enables the production of custom‐made parts with complex geometry. Despite the numerous advantages of additive manufacturing, reliability, reproducibility, and achievement of isotropic bulk properties in part remains challenging. We investigated the tensile behavior of a model polycarbonate system to explore what leads to different tensile properties, including sources of ductile versus brittle fracture. We utilized a one factor at a time (OFAT) design of experiments (DOE), printed single road‐width boxes, and performed tensile tests on specimens from these boxes. Additionally, we characterized the cross‐sections of parts printed under different conditions and their subsequent fracture behavior. The results demonstrate that isotropic bulk properties are achievable by printing at high speeds, and provide mechanisms to explain why.Highlights
Printing at high speeds leads to improved mechanical properties.
Printed samples undergo a mix of ductile and brittle failure.
Jagged fracture path is associated with superior adhesion.
High layer times lead to worse interfacial bonding.
Most of the world's largest flowers (genus Rafflesia) are now on the brink of extinction
Authors: Malabrigo Pastor , Tobias Adriane B. , Witono Joko , Mursidawati Sofi , Susatya Agus , Siti‐Munirah Mat Yunoh , Wicaksono Adhityo , Raihandhany Reza , Edwards Sarah , Thorogood Chris J. 
Published: September 2023

Societal Impact StatementRafflesia is the genus that contains the world's largest flowers. Despite their global appeal, most of the 42 known species are now at risk of extinction. Urgent action is needed to protect these remarkable flowers. A combined approach to conservation is recommended, including a greater level of habitat protection and support for local community action groups. Rafflesia is a suitable new icon for conservation in the Asian tropics.SummaryThe genus Rafflesia, which includes the world's largest flowers, has aroused curiosity among scientists for centuries and features prominently in local culture across Southeast Asia. The plant has long been used in ethnobotanical medicine and, more recently, as a source of revenue from ecotourism. But despite its acclaim, Rafflesia remains poorly understood in many respects. Taxonomy is disputed, new species are described each year, and the plant has proven recalcitrant to cultivation. This has hindered conservation, and most of the 42 known species are now severely threatened, yet only one is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). We estimate that 60% of Rafflesia species face a severe risk of extinction (equivalent to Critically Endangered [CR]). Moreover, we predict that at least 67% of known habitats fall outside protected areas, exacerbating their vulnerability. Alarmingly, recent observations suggest taxa are still being eradicated before they are even known to science. We present recent scientific discoveries and probable extinctions and highlight case studies of conservation success, with a focus on the role of local people. We propose a multi‐pronged conservation approach combining strengthened taxonomy, ex situ propagation, ecotourism, and an extension of protected areas. We suggest action devolved to local communities and awareness campaigns linked to social media networks will be crucial outside of protected jurisdictions. Finally, we propose to establish Rafflesia as a new icon for plant conservation in the Asian tropics. A combined approach might just save some of the world's most remarkable flowers, most of which are now on the brink of being lost.
Population pharmacokinetics of apixaban in a real‐life hospitalized population from the OptimAT study
Authors: Gaspar Frédéric , Terrier Jean , Favre Samantha , Gosselin Pauline , Fontana Pierre , Daali Youssef , Lenoir Camille , Samer Caroline Flora , Rollason Victoria , Reny Jean‐Luc , Csajka Chantal , Guidi Monia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize apixaban pharmacokinetics (PKs) and its variability in a real‐world clinical setting of hospitalized patients using a population PK (PopPK) approach. Model‐based simulations helped to identify factors that affect apixaban exposure and their clinical significance. A classic stepwise strategy was applied to determine the best PopPK model for describing typical apixaban PKs in hospitalized patients from the OptimAT study (n = 100) and evaluating the associated variability and influencing factors. Apixaban exposure under specific conditions was assessed using the final model. A two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination best described the data. The developed PopPK model revealed a major role of renal function and a minor role of P‐glycoprotein phenotypic (P‐gp) activity in explaining apixaban variability. The final model indicated that a patient with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (creatinine clearance [CLcr] = 15–29 mL/min) would have a 45% higher drug exposure than a patient with normal renal function (CLcr >90 mL/min), with a further 12% increase if the patient was also a poor metabolizer of P‐gp. A high interindividual variability in apixaban PKs was observed in a real‐life setting, which was partially explained by renal function and by P‐gp phenotypic activity. Target apixaban concentrations are reached under standard dosage regimens, but overexposure can rapidly occur in the presence of cumulative factors warranting the development of a predictive tool for tailoring apixaban exposure and its clinical utility in at‐risk patients.
Combination of rescue balloon pulmonary angioplasty and riociguat therapy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: A case report
Authors: Fukuda Yoshitake , Shimokawahara Hiroto , Chikama Shunsuke , Watanabe Atsuyuki , Matsubara Hiromi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe encountered a case of frequent nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (NSPVT) due to hemodynamically unstable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). A 78‐year‐old woman was taking anticoagulants for CTEPH. She had refused specific treatment for CTEPH, including pulmonary vasodilators, because she was then asymptomatic. She fell and sustained a femoral neck fracture, and she was referred to our hospital in anticipation of a surgical repair. Her condition on admission was complicated by respiratory failure, and electrocardiogram monitoring showed frequent NSPVT. A right heart catheterization revealed high mean pulmonary artery pressure with severely reduced cardiac output. Pulmonary angiography showed bilateral stenosis and multiple obstructions. Because NSPVT was attributed to low cardiac output syndrome caused by CTEPH, rescue balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) was performed, and riociguat treatment was initiated. Afterward, the NSPVT resolved. This case suggests that the combination of rescue BPA with riociguat therapy might be an immediate and effective treatment for patients with inoperable CTEPH and severe hemodynamic instability.
Respiratory and intestinal trichobezoar in a female: An unusual case report and literature review
Authors: Abedi Siavash , Aliyali Masoud , Bordbari Amir‐Hassan , Soleymani Mostafa , Zakariaei Zakaria , Fakhar Mahdi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTrichobezoars are hairballs in the gastrointestinal tract that usually develop due to the consumption of hair after pulling it. However, some rare case reports suggest that trichobezoar can also occur in the respiratory system. In this context, we present an unusual case of a 25‐year‐old woman who experienced dyspnea, productive cough, and leukocytosis. The patient was found to have a trichobezoar in her respiratory tract, accompanied by the presence of hair in her digestive tract.
Reckoning flood frequency and susceptibility area in the lower Brahmaputra floodplain using geospatial and hydrological approach
Authors: Dutta Pranab , Deka Sujit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClimate change has remarkably intensified the occurrence of floods around the globe. Flooding causes loss of life and property. Flood frequency analysis (FFA) is an important investigation and plays a key role in flood‐related studies. Geographically, the study area is confined in the lower Brahmaputra floodplains, flat slope, and rivers are braided in nature. Because of Heavy rainfall, major rivers in the area carry huge influxes of surged water during the summer period. Hence, disastrous flooding can be seen every year in the study region. The present study aims to model flood frequency using the hydrological data to understand the effects within the area. FFA approaches like Gumbel, Log Pearson type 3 (LP‐3), and Log‐Normal (LN) were used, and comparative analyses were done using water level data for the Manas, Aie, and Brahmaputra Rivers. Moreover, remote sensing and the geographic information system (GIS) environment were used to generate FFA‐based flood predictive inundation map at 5, 10, 50, 100, and 200 years of return periods. Here, Gumbel's distribution has found the best fit for all the rivers among the three. The distribution reveals that at a 200‐year return period, the highest water level would be increased by 1.45, 2.41, and 4 m for the Manas, Aie, and Brahmaputra Rivers, respectively. The study shows that almost 493.54 and 673.72 km2 of areas are expected to be submerged at 5 and 200‐year return periods according to Gumbel's distribution; LP‐3 distribution predicted 493.01 and 555.66 km2, and the log‐normal distribution method predicted 432.51 and 555.74 km2 of flood‐sensitive areas at 5 and 200‐year return periods, respectively. The FFA highlighted spatio‐temporal effects on the expansion of submerged areas. We hope that the findings of the present study will aid in the different flood hazard management strategies for future endeavors.
The Classroom‐Research‐Mentoring Framework: A lens for understanding science practice‐based instruction
Authors: Cooper Alexandra C. , Bolger Molly S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReformed science curricula provide opportunities for students to engage with authentic science practices. However, teacher implementation of such curricula requires teachers to consider their role in the classroom, including realigning instructional decisions with the epistemic aims of science. Guiding newcomers in science can take place in settings ranging from the classroom to the undergraduate research laboratory. We suggest thinking about the potential intersections of guiding students across these contexts is important. We describe the Classroom‐Research‐Mentoring (CRM) Framework as a novel lens for examining science practice‐based instruction. We present a comparative case study of two teachers as they instruct undergraduate students in a model‐based inquiry laboratory. We analyzed stimulated‐recall episodes uncovering how these teachers interacted with their students and the rationale behind their instructional choices. Through the application of the CRM Framework, we revealed ways teachers can have instructional goals that align with those of a research mentor. For example, our teachers had the goals of “creating an inclusive environment open to student ideas,” “acknowledging students as scientists,” and “focusing students on skills and ideas needed to solve biological problems.” We suggest three functions of research mentoring that translate across the classroom and research laboratory settings: (1) build a shared understanding of epistemic aims, (2) support learners in the productive use of science practices, and (3) motivate learner engagement in science practices.
How does day‐to‐day stress appraisal relate to coping among office workers in academia? An ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Hulin Stephanie , Bolliger Larissa , Lukan Junoš , Caluwaerts Anneleen , De Neve Rosalie , Luštrek Mitja , De Bacquer Dirk , Clays Els 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExisting literature indicates that academic staff experience increasing levels of work stress. This study investigated associations between day‐to‐day threat and challenge appraisal and day‐to‐day problem‐focused coping, emotion‐focused coping, and seeking social support among academic office workers. This study is based on an Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) design with a 15‐working day data collection period utilising our self‐developed STRAW smartphone application. A total of 55 office workers from academic institutions in Belgium (n = 29) and Slovenia (n = 26) were included and 3665 item measurements were analysed. Participants were asked approximately every 90 min about their appraisal of stressful events (experienced during the working day) and their coping styles. For data analysis, we used an unstructured covariance matrix in our linear mixed models. Challenge appraisal predicted problem‐focused coping and threat appraisal predicted emotion‐focused coping. Our findings suggest an association between threat appraisal as well as challenge appraisal and seeking social support. Younger and female workers chose social support more often as a coping style. While working from home, participants were less likely to seek social support. The findings of our EMA study confirm previous research on the relationship between stress appraisal and coping with stress. Participants reported seeking social support less while working from home compared to working at the office, making the work location an aspect that deserves further research.
Synthesis of Electrical Conductive Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Shoaib Ahmad Shah Syed , Altaf Nazir Muhammad , Mahmood Azhar , Sohail Manzar , ur Rehman Aziz , Khurram Tufail Muhammad , Najam Tayyaba , Sufyan Javed Muhammad , Eldin Sayed M. , Rezaur Rahman Md , Rahman Mohammed M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectrical conductivity is very important property of nanomaterials for using wide range of applications especially energy applications. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are notorious for their low electrical conductivity and less considered for usage in pristine forms. However, the advantages of high surface area, porosity and confined catalytic active sites motivated researchers to improve the conductivity of MOFs. Therefore, 2D electrical conductive MOFs (ECMOF) have been widely synthesized by developing the effective synthetic strategies. In this article, we have summarized the recent trends in developing the 2D ECMOFs, following the summary of potential applications in the various fields with future perspectives.