bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of plasma total carbon dioxide and standard hydrogen carbonate in a hospital laboratory setting
Authors: Hansen Rasmus Søgaard , Revsholm Jesper , Sandberg Maria B , Jørgensen Louise H , Nybo Mads 
Published: January 2023

Background Studies comparing venous total carbon dioxide (tCO2) and standard hydrogen carbonate (HCO3–(P,st)) has shown diverse results, and it is debatable whether these two parameters can be used interchangeably for workup of acid–base disorders in a hospital setting. Method All patients with an HCO3–(P,st) requisition from any department at Odense University Hospital between 11th May 2021 and 1st June 2021 had tCO2 and HCO3–(P,st) analysed simultaneously. TCO2 was measured on Cobas® 8000, c702 module, while HCO3–(P,st) was calculated based on measurements on ABL835 Flex. Results From 1210 patients, mean (standard deviation (SD)) was 22.9 (3.7) mmol/L for tCO2 and 22.5 (2.9) mmol/L for HCO3–(P,st). TCO2 range was 10.1–42.3 mmol/L and 11.7–41.4 mmol/L for HCO3–(P,st). Linear regression showed that tCO2 (mmol/L) = −2.90 + 1.15 × HCO3–(P,st) (mmol/L) with R2 = 0.81. Bias (mean (SD) difference) between tCO2 and HCO3–(P,st)) was 0.4 (1.7) mmol/L with a −5.0–9.6 mmol/L range. Limits of agreement was −2.90–3.70 mmol/L. Comparison of classification within, above or below reference interval for tCO2 and HCO3–(P,st) showed that 984 samples (81%) retained their classification. Only one sample (0.1%) would be severely misclassified (outside the respective reference intervals) if HCO3–(P,st) was considered the gold standard. Of the samples investigated, 46.1% had a mean difference between tCO2 and HCO3–(P,st) of 0–1 mmol/L and 30.3% had 1.1–2.0 mmol/L. Conclusions Our results indicate that venous tCO2 and venous HCO3–(P,st) can be used interchangeably in a hospital setting for workup of acid–base disorders.
The Effect of Mental and Muscular Fatigue on the Accuracy and Kinematics of Dart Throwing
Authors: Meymandi Najmeh Parhiz , Sanjari Mohammad Ali , Farsi Alireza 
Published: January 2023

In this study, we analyzed the effect of mental and muscular fatigue on the accuracy and kinematics of dart throwing. For this purpose, 28 young adults (19 females and 9 males) aged 25–35 years, without any regular experience in dart throwing, participated in this study. We evaluated their dart throwing skills in mental fatigue, muscular fatigue, and non-fatigue conditions. To induce mental fatigue, we used the Stroop task for 70 minutes and a simulated dart throwing exercise with an elastic band. In all three conditions, we collected accuracy data, based on the score of the dart on the board and the kinematic properties with a motion capture device. For analyzing the data and testing the research hypotheses, we employed ANOVA analyses with repeated measures after examining the normality of data distributions using skewness and kurtosis. We observed a significant decrease in the accuracy of dart throwing following mental fatigue ( p = 0.027) and muscular fatigue ( p = 0.001) compared to non-fatigue and following muscular fatigue compared to mental fatigue ( p = 0.001). In the kinematic results, we observed a significant difference in the mean velocity of the elbow between different experimental conditions ( p = 0.001). This variable decreased due to muscular fatigue, compared to the other two conditions. On the other hand, there was no significant difference among the three experimental conditions for the variables of elbow range of motion, shoulder range of motion, and mean velocity of the shoulder joint. These findings affirm mental and muscular fatigue effects on dart throwing and provide further detail regarding the specific aspects of these effects on dart throwing skills or other fine motor activities.
Perceptions of and Experiences With Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among a Diverse Population of US Latino Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Alonso Fernanda , Rath Jessica , Ramírez A. Susana , Cantrell Jennifer , Jordan Ashton , Suarez Sebastian , Moran Meghan B. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose To determine potential unique factors influencing cigarette and e-cigarette use in US Latino youth. Approach We conducted a qualitative study assessing cigarette and e-cigarette perceptions and experiences, including experiences with/perceptions of the products, cultural influences and influences of friends and family. Setting Four online discussion boards, conducted in October 2020. Participants 92 Latino youth aged 15-21 years living in the US. Method Data from the discussion groups were coded and analyzed by three trained coders using a thematic analysis approach. Results Stress relief emerged as the dominant theme connected with both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Apart from stress, perceptions of and experiences with the products differed. E-cigarettes were commonly viewed as trendy and cool and participants often reported using them due to curiosity and popularity. Participants commonly compared e-cigarettes to cigarettes, noting benefits of e-cigarettes. Participants also noted more negative short and long-term health effects of cigarette use, and discussed generational differences between the two products. Conclusion Findings from this study help address a dearth of research examining tobacco use among diverse groups of Latino youth. Findings indicate that despite differences in country of heritage, Latino youth are united by similar opinions about cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Additionally, they share cultural values and experiences which could be leveraged for tobacco control communications that cut across populations of Latino youth.
The Fading of Protective Roots: A Multivariate Analysis of the Risk of Hypertension among Hispanics by Nativity
Authors: Walker Brandon S. , Waitzman Norman J. 
Published: January 2023

Objective To examine the effects of Hispanic nativity on the risk and severity of hypertension relative to US-born non-Hispanic whites. Methods The analytic sample ( n = 34,007) was comprised of cross-sectional data drawn from twenty years of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2018. Results Foreign-born Hispanics aged 65 years and older had a greater risk of severe hypertension compared to non-Hispanic Whites. When examined by length of residency in the US, elderly foreign-born Hispanics with less than 10 years of residency were at greater risk of hypertension and severe hypertension, while those with 20 or more years of residency had similar risks compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Conclusion The “Hispanic Paradox” of better health despite lower socioeconomic status, was not observed in foreign-born or US-born Hispanics aged 65 years and older. Among elderly immigrants, those with fewer years of residency had the greatest hypertensive risk.
Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial exosomes trigger trophoblast dysregulation and abnormal placentation through PUM2-mediated repression of SOX2
Authors: Zhu Aibing , Qi Suwan , Li Wenjuan , Chen Dashu , Zheng Xiaomin , Xu Jianjuan , Feng Yaling 
Published: January 2023

Background Hyperglycemia is closely related to adverse pregnancy outcomes including pre-eclampsia (PE), a life-threatening complication with a substantial morbidity and mortality. However, the pathogenesis of abnormal placentation in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-associated PE remains elusive. Method Here we isolated exosomes from the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with normal level of glucose (NG) and high levels of glucose (HG). The exosomes were added to HTR-8a/SVneo cells, a trophoblast cell line. High-throughput RNA-sequencing was performed to analyzed the changed RNAs in the exosomes and exosome-treated HTR-8a/SVneo cells. HTR-8a/SVneo cell phenotypes were evaluated from the aspects of cell proliferation, cell invasion and DNA damage. Results After treatment with HG, the changed RNAs in exosomes was enriched in RNA stabilization and oxidative stress. The altered RNAs in the HTR-8a/SVneo cells treated with exosomes from HG-induced HUVECs were enriched in pathways related to cell adhesion, migration, DNA damage response and angiogenesis. The HG-induced exosomes impaired the proliferation and invasion of HTR-8a cells and caused the DNA damage. HG up-regulated PUM2 in the exosomes and exosome-treated HTR-8a/SVneo cells. PUM2 interacted with SOX2 mRNA, resulting in the mRNA degradation. Overexpression of SOX2 prevented the damage to HTR-8a/SVneo cells caused by the exosomes from HG-induced HUVECs. Conclusions We demonstrate that high glucose-induced endothelial exosomes mediate abnormal phenotypes of trophoblasts through PUM2-mediated repression of SOX2. Our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of hyperglycemia in development of abnormal placentation and provide potential targets for preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Stakeholders’ Views on Information Needed in a Patient Decision Aid for Microtia Reconstruction
Authors: Ronde E.M. , van de Lücht Veronique A.P. , Lachkar N. , Ubbink Dirk T. , Breugem Corstiaan C. 
Published: January 2023

Objective To assess which information about microtia and the possible reconstructive options health care providers (HCPs), patients and parents believe should be included in a patient decision aid (PtDA). Design A mixed-methods study comprised of an online survey of HCPs and focus group discussions with patients and parents. Participants Survey respondents were members of the International Society for Auricular Reconstruction (ISAR). Focus group participants were patients with microtia and their parents, recruited through the microtia outpatient clinic at Amsterdam UMC, and through a Dutch patient organization for cleft and craniofacial conditions. Methods An online, investigator-made survey was sent to ISAR members in December 2021. Semi-structured focus group discussions were held in February 2022. Quantitative results were summarized, and qualitative results were thematically grouped. Results Thirty-two HCPs responded to the survey (response rate 41%). Most respondents (n = 24) were plastic surgeons, who had a median of 15 years of experience (IQR: 7-23 years). Two focus groups were held with a total of five patients and two parents. HCPs, patients and parents generally agreed on the information needed in a PtDA, emphasizing the importance of realistic expectation management. Patients and parents also considered psychosocial and functional outcomes, patient experiences, as well as patients’ involvement in decision-making important. Conclusions A PtDA for microtia reconstruction should target all patients with microtia, and include information on at least technique-related information, expected esthetic results, possible adverse effects, psychosocial and functional outcomes and patient experiences. Preference eliciting questions should be developed for both pediatric patients and their parents.
Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring using near Infrared Frequency Domain Photon Migration in Rabbit Hemorrhagic Shock Model
Authors: Hanna N.M. , Mina-Araghi R. , Lee J. , Cerussi A. , Krutzik H. Poggemeyer, M. , Jones B. , Tromberg B. , Brenner M. 
Published: January 2023

Background Currently, there are no reliable, accurate, non-invasive methods of assessing hemodynamic parameters, tissue hemoglobin, and 0, content for physiologic monitoring. Recent advances in the field of optical diagnostics have lead to new imaging modalities capable of evaluating regional in-vivo tissue composition using its optical properties. The advantage of Frequency Domain Photon Migration (FDPM) over previously studied bulk NIR spectroscopy is that it allows for quantitative measurements of both light absorption and scattering in tissues. Devices based on FDPM principles have the potential to accurately and non-invasively monitor hemodynamics and other parameters in patients with shock and physiologic disturbances. Purpose This study investigated FDPM methods for monitoring shock and the response to treatment with volume expansion and pressors in a hemorrhagic rabbit model. The sensitivity of this monitoring method for discriminating changes in hemodynamic parameters compared to traditional invasive monitoring devises, as well as the ability to accurately measure hemoglobin and tissue 0, was assessed. Methods New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits (n=25) were used in this study. Aprototype FDPM device developed in our laboratory was used. Aprobe was placed on the inner thigh of the rabbits. The rabbits underwent concurrent traditional invasive monitoring including cardiac output (CO), pulmonary arterial pressure (PA), systemic blood pressure via arterial line, hemoglobin, and arterial and venous blood gases. Hemorrhage was performed via a syringe either in stages or in a single step. After measurements were obtained the animals were resuscitated with vasopressors, or with crystalloid solution. Results The FPDM measurements of tissue hemoglobin (Hb), Oxyhemoglobin (HbO,), water content and tissue 0, saturation were obtained. The tissue Hb (r=0.7) and oxygen content (r=0.6) closely correlated with the measurements made with invasive methods. The FDPM measurements also correlated with CO. Conclusion: Broad-bandwidth FDPM may be a reliable, accurate and non-invasive means of monitoring patients with hemorrhagic shock and their response to treatment. FDPM may potentially be adapted for use in early shock recognition for triage or in settings where aggressive invasive monitoring is problematic.
Hemodynamic Effects of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, in Patients with Mild to Moderate Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Left Ventricular Function
Authors: O'Brien Kevin D. , Zhao Xue-Qiao , Shavelle David M. , Caulfield Michael T. , Letterer Rebecca A. , Kapadia Samir R. , Probstfield Jeffrey L , Otto Catherine M. 
Published: January 2023

Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use is presumed to be contraindicated in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). We determined the hemodynamic effects of ACE inhibitors in patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis (AS) and preserved left ventricular function. Methods Thirteen elderly patients (mean [SD] age = 65 [17] years), with mild to moderate AS (aortic jet velocity 2.5–4.0 m/s), normal left ventricular and renal function, and no clinical coronary artery disease, were enrolled in a single-center, open-label trial comparing the hemodynamic effects at baseline and following titration of ramipril to a maximum dose of 7.5 mg twice daily. Patients were identified from echocardiography laboratory logs. Despite a presumed contraindication to ACE inhibitor use in AS patients, 30% (71 of 235) of patients otherwise meeting inclusion or exclusion criteria were excluded owing to current ACE inhibitor use. Patients were monitored with weekly clinic visits, biweekly laboratory tests, and monthly echocardiograms. Results There were no significant changes from baseline to week 8 in echocardiographic parameters, including mean (SD) aortic jet velocity [2.9 (0.4) vs 2.9 (0.4) m/s], calculated aortic transvalvular gradient [18 (6) vs 18 (6) mm Hg], or cardiac output [5.5 (1.2) vs 6.0 (2.1) L/min], or significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. Early discontinuations were for asymptomatic low blood pressure (one patient) or a reversible creatinine increase of 0.3 mg/dL (one patient). Conclusions Short-term treatment with up to 7.5 mg twice daily of ramipril was well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate AS and preserved left ventricular function. A surprisingly high proportion of patients with documented AS were already receiving ACE inhibitors.
Methylphenidate Does Not Improve Cognitive Function in Healthy Sleep-Deprived Young Adults
Authors: Bray Christopher L. , Cahill Kevin S. , Oshier Joseph T. , Peden Carmen S. , Theriaque Douglas W. , Flotte Terence R. , Stacpoole Peter W. 
Published: January 2023

Background Abuse of methylphenidate, a treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is reported to be increasing among students for the purpose of improving cognition. Methods A single capsule, containing methylphenidate (20 mg) or placebo, was administered to healthy young adults orally following 24 hours of sleep deprivation. Measurements included percent change in score from sleep-deprived baseline on four standardized tests of cognitive function: Hopkins Verbal Learning, Digit Span, Modified Stroop, and Trail Making tests. Measurements also included percent changes in blood pressure and heart rate from sleep-deprived baseline and plasma methylphenidate concentration. Results Differences in cognitive test performance were not observed between intervention groups. In subjects receiving methylphenidate, mean percent changes from baseline for systolic blood pressure and heart rate were increased relative to placebo between 90 and 210 minutes following capsule administration (maximum increases of 9.45% and 11.03%, respectively). The timing of peak differences in physiologic measures did not correlate with peak serum methylphenidate concentrations. Exit questionnaire ratings of “capsule effect” and perceived performance on the postcapsule administration of the most challenging cognitive test were both higher ( p = .044 and p = .009, respectively) for the methylphenidate group than for the placebo group. Conclusions: Cognitive improvement among sleep-deprived young adults was not observed following methylphenidate administration. Benefits perceived by abusers may relate to increased confidence and sense of well-being, as well as to sympathetic nervous system stimulation. Moreover, methylphenidate administration results in physiologic effects that could be harmful to certain individuals.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Chinese Instrument of Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practice on Dementia Care in Macao
Authors: WONG Sio Mui , ZENG Wen , LO Iek Long , LAM Chong , LOU Hong Lei 
Published: January 2023

Background Very few instruments to integrate knowledge, attitude and practice into dementia care as a holistic perspective were available to the Chinese. Method This article documented the development of a 30-item self-administered Chinese instrument of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care and reported the results of psychometric testing among 1500 Chinese in Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR), including 234 primary health professionals, 272 staff working at day-care centers and nursing homes, 586 high school students and 408 community-dwelling older people. The Chinese instrument was developed through literature review and committee review. The psychometric methods were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese instrument as measures of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care for the Chinese. Results The preliminary results indicated that the Content Validity Index of the Chinese instrument was .973 and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the Chinese instrument was .842, among which Knowledge subscale, Attitude subscale and Preventive Practice subscale were .749, .633 and .845 respectively. The means and standard deviation were 65.13 ± 24.56 for Knowledge subscale, 74.76 ± 8.37 for Attitude subscale, 73.22 ± 14.05 for Preventative Practice subscale, and 70.99 ± 11.27 for the Chinese instrument. Conclusion The 30-item self-administered Chinese instrument of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care had satisfied the psychometric evaluation well enough to warrant further use, and could also have particular implications for other Chinese populations all over the world.
An investigation of maternal psychological status of children with congenital talipes equinovarus treated with the Ponseti method
Authors: Dong Wentao , Shi Ningning , Wen Chunyu , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To investigate maternal psychological status of children with congenital talipes equinovarus in different periods, and to clarify the influence on maternal psychological status of congenital talipes equinovarus treated with the Ponseti method. Methods: Sixty-seven mothers of children with congenital talipes equinovarus were investigated. Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale were used to evaluate the psychological stress of the mothers at different periods. Paired-samples t-test was used to analyze the results. Results: The mothers of 67 children with congenital talipes equinovarus ranged from 25 to 38 years old, with an average of 33.5 years old. Before prenatal diagnosis of congenital talipes equinovarus, the average score of Self-rating Anxiety Scale was 42.537 ± 10.476, and the average score of Self-rating Depression Scale was 47.254 ± 12.846; after prenatal diagnosis of congenital talipes equinovarus, the average score of Self-rating Anxiety Scale was 54.224 ± 13.050, and the average score of Self-rating Depression Scale was 57.403 ± 13.649 points. Before the postpartum treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus, the average score of Self-rating Anxiety Scale was 53.388 ± 12.716, the average score of Self-rating Depression Scale was 56.284 ± 13.617; after the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus with the Ponseti method, the average score of Self-rating Anxiety Scale was 47.731 ± 12.259, and the average score of Self-rating Depression Scale was 51.910 ± 13.878 points. The above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prenatal diagnosis of congenital talipes equinovarus will increase the maternal psychological stress, and the maternal psychological status will be significantly improved after the deformity of congenital talipes equinovarus is corrected effectively by the Ponseti method. Level of evidence: level III, retrospective study.
Antipsychotic drugs may contribute to venous thromboembolism – a case report and review literature
Authors: Hajjiah Adnan , Maadarani Ossama , Bitar Zouheir , Alfasam Khaled , Hanna Boutros , Elhabibi Mohamad 
Published: January 2023

Summary Use of antipsychotic drugs has been associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism in several observational studies with unclear mechanism. We present a case of a patient who experienced a significant event of venous thromboembolism after a few months exposure to atypical antipsychotic drug for his bipolar mood disorders.
The effect of cladribine on immunoglobulin levels compared to B cell targeting therapies in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lycett Mitchell J , Lea Rodney A , Maltby Vicki E , Min Myintzu , Lechner-Scott Jeannette 
Published: January 2023

Background Cladribine is a useful therapeutic option in RRMS with moderate to high disease activity. Its oral formulation and tolerability make it a useful alternative to infusion therapies. Cladribine is known to deplete CD19+ B lymphocytes, but its effect on immunoglobulin subsets is unclear. Objective To identify whether cladribine therapy in pwMS reduces immunoglobulin subset levels as a surrogate marker of infection risk. Methods A ‘real-world’ retrospective analysis of 341 pwMS presenting to a single tertiary centre between March 2017 and July 2021. Differences in immunoglobulin levels between cladribine, other disease-modifying therapies and no active treatment were assessed using a univariate ANOVA. Results Three hundred and forty-one patients had immunoglobulin levels assessed, with 29 patients treated with cladribine. The mean IgG, IgM and IgA levels on cladribine therapy were 10.44 ± 0.40, 0.99 ± 0.09 and 2.04 ± 0.18 g/L respectively. These were not significantly different from patients not on active treatment. There was a statistically significant reduction in IgG and IgM levels for patients treated with ocrelizumab (9.37 ± 0.19 and 0.68 ± 0.04 g/L) and natalizumab (8.72 ± 0.53 and 0.69 ± 0.12 g/L) compared to patients not on treatment. Conclusion Cladribine therapy for RRMS was not associated with immunoglobulin subset deficiencies. This is contrasted to ocrelizumab and natalizumab which demonstrate significant reductions in both IgG and IgM levels.