bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possibility of Tidal Farms for the Gulf of Kutch
Authors: Thiagarajan Vijaya Lakshmi , Samad Abdus , Rajendran Suresh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
India has an extensive coastline of about 7500km, with locations such as the Gulf of Kutch, the Gulf of Khambhat, and Sunderbans, where tidal energy extraction is proven to be highly possible. According to the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) report, India can harvest about 12.5GW of tidal energy. Among them, the Gulf of Kutch (GoK) shows a tremendous kinetic energy potential of nearly 2 GW. The goal of this review article is to provide a concise vision of the tidal stream farm development for the GoK. The scope of the study explores the availability of kinetic energy and bathymetric condition favourable for the deployment of the tidal farm. The study claims the substantial agreement of tidal energy harvesting of about 353 MW by a tidal farm with 642 turbines in the Central Gulf. It is found that the bottom-mount ed Horizont al Axis Tidal Turbine(HATT) as a part of the tidal farm shows a noteworthy reduction in capital cost than the previous estimation. The detailed site study evidence a promising outcome of the tidal stream farm in the location.
Techno-Economic Assessment of Developing Combined Offshore Wind and Wave Energy in Australia
Authors: Gao Qiang , Ding Boyin , Ertugrul Nesimi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Australia has significant offshore wind and wave energy potential that can provide a long-term solution to the ever-increasing power demand and contribute to the future energy mix. The integration of offshore wind and wave energy has been proposed previously, but considered to be difficult due to the high cost and high intermittency of developing ocean renewable energy sources. In addition, the economic analysis of the integrated offshore wind and wave systems, considering life cycle cost, energy benefits, market regulation costs and future carbon price, has not been studied thoroughly in Australia. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the economic feasibility of a co-located offshore wind and wave energy farm in multiple key locations around the Australian coastline. The high-fidelity life-cycle cost and economic benefit models are developed under different technical deployment constraints. Furthermore, the paper studies the impact of electricity market regulation cost and future carbon prices on deploying the proposed combined energy farm. The results of this paper provide a guideline for industry leaders, investors and policymakers at the pre-planning stage of ocean renewable energy system development and deployment.
Carbon Footprint Reduction on Aging Offshore Facilities: Case Studies on Electrification and Carbon Capture
Authors: Vartak Viren , Loh SaiKeong , Repalle Nitin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Many of the existing Oil and Gas platform facilities installed in the late-1990s are powered by using conventional fuels like gas received and/or extracted from the production on the platforms. The gas is typically treated and reused to run operations on the platform, which results in increased CO2 emissions. Innovative concepts are needed to transform power generation from fossil energy to renewable energy for platform operations that will help reduce carbon footprint.
There are two ways to reduce the carbon footprint from production and maintenance operations. One way is to electrify oil and gas activities to minimise fossil-based systems. The other way is to collect the carbon generated from production operations and store it back in geological features such as depleted reservoirs or saline aquifers.
The paper introduces and discusses the successful implementation of renewable energy sources such as hybrid solar and wind to power operations for ageing platforms. The benefits of such electrification of facilities in terms of reduced maintenance visits, autonomous operations, and improved safety of personnel on the platforms and the environment are presented. A case study of a typical wellhead platform electrification based on hybrid solar and wind turbines to quantify the carbon reduction achieved from the switch is presented. An additional case study on an unmanned, lightweight minimum facilities platform is also be presented for carbon sequestration. The case study is focused on a typical 2.0 MMTPA CO2 injection platform.
An Efficient Time Domain Structural Assessment of a Floating Wind Turbine Structure
Authors: Lee Hyungtae , Kim Joongyu , Kim Jongoh , Shen Zhirong , Kyoung Johyun , Baquet Aldric , Lee Heejung , Kim Jang Whan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Unlike conventional offshore production platform, a substructure supporting floating offshore wind turbine has unique structural characteristics due to higher frequency aeroelastic loading from wind turbine in addition to wave loading. Due to periodic rotation of turbine, a floating offshore turbine substructure experiences higher fatigue load than conventional offshore platform. A reliable fatigue assessment is required to achieve the structural safety and integrity of the floating wind turbine platform. Accordingly, class societies recommend fully coupled time domain analysis because of nonlinear transient aeroelastic turbine behavior coupled with platform response in irregular waves. However, conventional coupled time domain structural analyses take huge computational resources and time, which is impractical to be applied in a floating wind turbine structural design.
Present paper introduces an efficient method for time domain structural assessment. An efficient pseudo-spectral stress synthesizer is introduced to accelerate time domain structural analysis, to enable response-based determination of the extreme structural responses. Through synthesizing the pseudo-spectral stress components with the time series of external and inertial loadings from global hull motion analysis, a time series of structural response is obtained efficiently in terms of stress components at any finite element of structural model. As an application, hot spot fatigue assessments of a floating offshore wind turbine platform designed for Korean offshore wind farm projects are performed.
Serviceability Limit State Assessment of Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Moan Torgeir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The design of a floating wind turbine (FWT) should satisfy the serviceability limit state (SLS) requirement for an efficient and safe operation throughout the entire work life. The SLS requirements are introduced by the owner/developer of the wind turbine facility to achieve serviceability (production of power) or an efficient operation of the facility or a “first step” towards ensuring safety. However, the owner/developer proposes the limiting values in terms of serviceability mainly according to the experience of onshore wind turbines or offshore oil and gas facilities, which are not well applicable to FWTs due to the different load characteristics and functions. Design standards or guidelines for SLS of FWTs are slowly emerging but are still not mature, and only to some extent refer to serviceability requirements. A good understanding of wind turbine dynamic performance associated with serviceability is essential to facilitate design decision-making. This study deals with an assessment of methods and criteria for the SLS design check with an emphasis on tilt/pitch and nacelle accelerations. Emphasis is placed on assessment from conceptual to detailed design. A 10-MW semi-submersible FWT is used in a case study. The floater geometry is obtained from a conceptual design conducted by Li et al. [1]. Simplified static/dynamic analysis methods for use in the conceptual design phase and high fidelity integrated, dynamic analysis methods for detailed design in terms of serviceability are presented, discussed and applied in the case study. The relative contribution of wind and wave loads to the different SLS criteria is investigated. Finally, the main conclusions are summarized. The study aims at providing a basis for improving design standards and guiding research and engineering practice for the semi-submersible floater design of FWTs.
Vaccination with prefusion-stabilized respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein elicits antibodies targeting a membrane-proximal epitope
Authors: McCool Ryan S. , Musayev Maryam , Bush Sabrina M. , Derrien-Colemyn Alexandrine , Acreman Cory M. , Wrapp Daniel , Ruckwardt Tracy J. , Graham Barney S. , Mascola John R. , McLellan Jason S. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes tens of millions of acute lower respiratory tract infections and millions of hospital admissions globally each year. An antibody repertoire analysis of a human vaccine trial investigating a prefusion-stabilized RSV fusion (F) glycoprotein antigen (DS-Cav1) identified several neutralizing antibody public clonotypes (PCs) in multiple vaccine recipients. Of these, PCs 1 and 2 were found in six out of six and five out of six vaccine recipients, respectively. Whereas PC1 was shown to bind antigenic site V, the binding site and mechanism of action for PC2 were not defined. Here, we expressed and characterized six antibodies from PC2 and one PC2-like antibody, which we found to be prefusion-specific, possess nanomolar affinity for RSV F, and display neutralization IC
50
s of 20–81 ng/mL. Cryo-EM studies for the RSV F:PC2 Fab complex resulted in a 2.7 Å resolution reconstruction, which shows that this clonotype simultaneously recognizes antigenic site I and an uncharacterized, prefusion-F-specific antigenic site consisting of the membrane-proximal stalk of RSV F. Taken together, our results suggest that immunization with DS-Cav1 boosts the production of neutralizing antibodies that target a previously uncharacterized epitope in a newly designated antigenic site VI.

IMPORTANCE
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants, infecting all children by age 5. RSV also causes substantial morbidity and mortality in older adults, and a vaccine for older adults based on a prefusion-stabilized form of the viral F glycoprotein was recently approved by the FDA. Here, we investigate a set of antibodies that belong to the same public clonotype and were isolated from individuals vaccinated with a prefusion-stabilized RSV F protein. Our results reveal that these antibodies are highly potent and recognize a previously uncharacterized antigenic site on the prefusion F protein. Vaccination with prefusion RSV F proteins appears to boost the elicitation of these neutralizing antibodies, which are not commonly elicited by natural infection.
Host subversion of bacterial metallophore usage drives copper intoxication
Authors: Hossain Saika , Morey Jacqueline R. , Neville Stephanie L. , Ganio Katherine , Radin Jana N. , Norambuena Javiera , Boyd Jeff M. , McDevitt Christopher A. , Kehl-Fie Thomas E. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Microorganisms can acquire metal ions in metal-limited environments using small molecules called metallophores. While metals and their importers are essential, metals can also be toxic, and metallophores have limited ability to discriminate between metals. The impact of metallophore-mediated non-cognate metal uptake on bacterial metal homeostasis and pathogenesis remains to be defined. The globally significant pathogen
Staphylococcus aureus
uses the Cnt system to secrete the metallophore staphylopine in zinc-limited host niches. Here, we show that staphylopine and the Cnt system facilitate bacterial copper uptake, potentiating the need for copper detoxification. During
in vivo
infection, staphylopine usage increased
S. aureus
susceptibility to host-mediated copper stress, indicating that the innate immune response can harness the antimicrobial potential of altered elemental abundances in host niches. Collectively, these observations show that while the broad-spectrum metal-chelating properties of metallophores can be advantageous, the host can exploit these properties to drive metal intoxication and mediate antibacterial control.

IMPORTANCE

During infection, bacteria must overcome the dual threats of metal starvation and intoxication. This work reveals that the zinc-withholding response of the host sensitizes
S. aureus
to copper intoxication. In response to zinc starvation,
S. aureus
utilizes the metallophore staphylopine. The current work revealed that the host can leverage the promiscuity of staphylopine to intoxicate
S. aureus
during infection. Significantly, staphylopine-like metallophores are produced by a wide range of pathogens, suggesting that this is a conserved weakness that the host can leverage to toxify invaders with copper. Moreover, it challenges the assumption that the broad-spectrum metal binding of metallophores is inherently beneficial to bacteria.
Enhanced fungal specificity and
in vivo
therapeutic efficacy of a C-22-modified FK520 analog against
C. neoformans
Authors: Rivera Angela , Young Lim Won , Park Eunchong , Dome Patrick A. , Hoy Michael J. , Spasojevic Ivan , Sun Sheng , Averette Anna Floyd , Pina-Oviedo Sergio , Juvvadi Praveen R. , Steinbach William J. , Ciofani Maria , Hong Jiyong , Heitman Joseph 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Fungal infections are of mounting global concern, and the current limited treatment arsenal poses challenges when treating such infections. In particular, infections by
Cryptococcus neoformans
are associated with high mortality, emphasizing the need for novel therapeutic options. Calcineurin is a protein phosphatase that mediates fungal stress responses, and calcineurin inhibition by the natural product FK506 blocks
C. neoformans
growth at 37°C. Calcineurin is also required for pathogenesis. However, because calcineurin is conserved in humans and inhibition with FK506 results in immunosuppression, the use of FK506 as an anti-infective agent is precluded. We previously elucidated the structures of multiple fungal calcineurin-FK506-FKBP12 complexes and implicated the C-22 position on FK506 as a key point for differential modification of ligand inhibition of mammalian versus fungal target proteins. Through
in vitro
antifungal and immunosuppressive testing of FK520 (a natural analog of FK506) derivatives, we identified JH-FK-08 as a lead candidate for further antifungal development. JH-FK-08 exhibited significantly reduced immunosuppressive activity and both reduced fungal burden and prolonged survival of infected animals. JH-FK-08 exhibited additive activity in combination with fluconazole
in vivo
. These findings further advance calcineurin inhibition as an antifungal therapeutic approach.

IMPORTANCE
Fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. The therapeutic armamentarium against these infections is limited, and the development of antifungal drugs has been hindered by the evolutionary conservation between fungi and the human host. With rising resistance to the current antifungal arsenal and an increasing at-risk population, there is an urgent need for the development of new antifungal compounds. The FK520 analogs described in this study display potent antifungal activity as a novel class of antifungals centered on modifying an existing orally active FDA-approved therapy. This research advances the development of much-needed newer antifungal treatment options with novel mechanisms of action.
Cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic effects of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on pathogenesis: single-cell meta-analysis
Authors: Khatun Mst Shamima , Remcho T. Parks , Qin Xuebin , Kolls Jay K. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Single-cell RNA-seq has been used to characterize human COVID-19. To determine if preclinical models successfully mimic the cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic effects of severe disease, we conducted a meta-analysis of single-cell data across five model species. To assess whether dissemination of viral RNA in lung cells tracks pathology and results in cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic transcriptomic changes in COVID-19. We conducted a meta-analysis by analyzing six publicly available, scRNA-seq data sets. We used dual mapping (host and virus) and differential gene expression analyses to compare viral
+
and viral
−
cell populations. We conducted a principal component analysis to identify successful models of human COVID-19. We found expression of viral RNA in many non-epithelial cell types. Fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells exhibit clear evidence of viral-intrinsic and -extrinsic effects on host gene expression. Using viral RNA expression, we found that K18-hACE2 mice most closely modeled severe human COVID-19, followed by hamsters. Ferrets and macaques are poor models of human disease due to the low presence of viral RNA. Moreover, we found that increased transcripts of certain key inflammatory genes such as
IL1B, IL18
, and
CXCL10
are not restricted to virally infected cells, suggesting these genes are regulated in a paracrine or autocrine fashion. These data affirm widespread dissemination of viral RNA in the lung, which may be key in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and demonstrate ferrets and Rhesus macaques are poor models of human COVID-19.

IMPORTANCE

We conducted a high-resolution meta-analysis of scRNA-seq data from humans and five animal models of COVID-19. This study reports viral RNA dissemination in several cell types in human data as well as in some of the pre-clinical models. Using this metric, the K18-hACE2 mouse model, followed by the hamster model, most closely resembled human COVID-19. We observed clear evidence of viral-intrinsic effects within cells (e.g.,
IRF5
expression) as well as viral-extrinsic cytokine modulation (e.g.,
IL1B, IL18, CXCL10
). We observed proinflammatory chemokine expression in cells devoid of viral RNA expression, suggesting autocrine/paracrine interferon regulation. This report serves as a resource-synthesizing data from COVID-19 humans and animal models and suggesting improvements for relevant pre-clinical models that may aid future diagnostic and therapeutic development projects.
Improved transformation efficiency in
Mycoplasma hominis
enables disruption of the MIB–MIP system targeting human immunoglobulins
Authors: Guiraud Jennifer , Le Roy Chloé , Rideau Fabien , Sirand-Pugnet Pascal , Lartigue Carole , Bébéar Cécile , Arfi Yonathan , Pereyre Sabine 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

The pathogenicity of
Mycoplasma hominis
is poorly understood, mainly due to the absence of efficient genetic tools. A polyethylene glycol-mediated transformation protocol was recently developed for the
M. hominis
reference strain M132 using the pMT85-Tet plasmid. The transformation efficiency remained low, hampering generation of a large mutant library. In this study, we improved transformation efficiency by designing
M. hominis
-specific pMT85 derivatives. Using the Gibson Assembly, the
Enterococcus
-derived
tet
(M) gene of the pMT85-Tet plasmid was replaced by that of a
M. hominis
clinical isolate. Next, the
Spiroplasma
-derived spiralin gene promoter driving
tet
(M) expression was substituted by one of three putative regulatory regions (RRs): the
M. hominis
arginine deiminase RR, the
M. hominis
elongation factor Tu RR, or the 68 bp SynMyco synthetic RR. SynMyco-based construction led to a 100-fold increase in transformation efficiency in
M. hominis
M132. This construct was also transformed into the
M. hominis
PG21 reference strain and three other clinical isolates. The transposon insertion locus was determined for 128 M132-transformants. The majority of the impacted coding sequences encoded lipoproteins and proteins involved in DNA repair or in gene transfer. One transposon integration site was in the mycoplasma immunoglobulin protease gene. Phenotypic characterization of the mutant showed complete disruption of the human antibody cleavage ability of the transformant. These results demonstrate that our
M. hominis
-optimized plasmid can be used to generate large random transposon insertion libraries, enabling future studies of the pathogenicity of
M. hominis
.

IMPORTANCE

Mycoplasma hominis
is an opportunistic human pathogen, whose physiopathology is poorly understood and for which genetic tools for transposition mutagenesis have been unavailable for years. A PEG-mediated transformation protocol was developed using the pMT85-Tet plasmid, but the transformation efficiency remained low. We designed a modified pMT85-Tet plasmid suitable for
M. hominis
. The use of a synthetic regulatory region upstream of the antibiotic resistance marker led to a 100-fold increase in the transformation efficiency. The generation and characterization of large transposon mutagenesis mutant libraries will provide insight into
M. hominis
pathogenesis. We selected a transformant in which the transposon was integrated in the locus encoding the immunoglobulin cleavage system MIB–MIP. Phenotypic characterization showed that the wild-type strain has a functional MIB–MIP system, whereas the mutant strain had lost the ability to cleave human immunoglobulins.
Comparison of mini-simple limbal epithelial transplantation and conjunctival–limbal autograft for the treatment of primary pterygium: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Oliva-Biénzobas Valeria , Nava-Castañeda Angel , Jimenez-Corona Aida , Kahuam-López Nicolás , Ramirez-Miranda Arturo , Navas Alejandro , Graue-Hernandez Enrique O 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this double-masked, parallel randomised controlled trial was to compare the recurrence rate and other outcomes between conjunctival–limbal autograft (CLAu) and mini-simple limbal epithelial transplantation (mini-SLET) after excision of pterygium.

Methods

Eligibility criteria for participants was the presence of a primary nasal pterygium extending equally to or greater than two millimetres on the cornea on its horizontal axis from the nasal limbus. The participants were allocated into two groups (CLAu and mini-SLET) using simple randomisation with a table of random numbers. Participants and the outcome assessor were masked to the intervention. The study protocol is listed and available on
https://clinicaltrials.gov
(Identifier:
NCT03363282
).

Results
A total of 61 eyes were enrolled in the study, 33 underwent CLAu (group 1) and 28 mini-SLET (group 2), all eyes were analysed in each group. At 2, 3, 6 and 12 months the CLAu group exhibited a recurrence of 0%, 6.1%, 8.1% and 8.1%, while the mini-SLET exhibited a recurrence of 0%, 17.9%, 50% and 53.5% (p<0.05). There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications in either of the two groups.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that mini-SLET has a higher recurrence rate and provides no advantage over CLAu in the treatment of primary pterygium.