bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational stress in criminal police: study in a prison unit in Minas Gerais
Authors: Souto Sarah Lopes , Abreu Arlete Aparecida de , Campos Rafaela Gonçalves 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The objective of this work was to identify the levels of occupational stress in Criminal Police, as well as their generating factors (stressors), coping strategies and suggestions for improvement.
Design/methodology/approach: Based on a quantitative study carried out in a Prison Unit in Minas Gerais, data were collected through an electronic questionnaire, adapted from the Theoretical Model for Explanation of Occupational Stress (MTEG) developed and validated by Zille (2005). The results were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistics and the discursive questions were treated from the Content Analysis
Findings: The main results indicate that 89% of those surveyed present stress ranging from mild to moderate to very intense and the main stressors are related to the insufficient number of staff, the biological risk of infectious diseases, overcrowding and high risk of detainees, in addition to the relationship with colleagues and management. It is also worth mentioning improvement actions aimed at 3 categories: Public Power, Management and Servants.
Research limitations/implications (if applicable): It is worth noting the fact that it was carried out only in a prison unit and the impossibility of interviews, in view of the restrictions imposed by the Covid 19 Pandemic.
Practical implications: The study highlights suggestive actions that involve the government, the direction of the Unit and also the Criminal Police in an attempt to collaborate to reduce the level of stress experienced by servers. In addition to the clamor for an increase in the number of employees, the valorization of work, dialogue, training are some of the practical actions to be taken.
Social implications: It is believed that the research draws attention to variables that influence the level of security, both of the agents and the community. Therefore, it is a matter of collective interest.
Originality/value (mandatory): We sought to contribute to the advancement of research on stress at work carried out by Criminal Police, pointing out the main stress-generating factors and indications of improvements, from the perspective of those involved. In this way, it contributes with information that can help the management of prisons, as well as justify more solid public actions for the category.
Reseña de La tierra baldía, de T. S. Eliot, ed. Viorica Patea, trad. Natalia Carbajosa
Authors: Martínez Serrano Leonor María 
Published: December 2022

Reseña de:
T. S. Eliot: La tierra baldía, trad. Natalia Carbajosa, con la colaboración de Mª Teresa Gibert y Viorica Patea, ed. biling. Viorica Patea, Madrid, Cátedra (colección “Letras universales”, nº 587), 2022, ISBN: 978-84-376-4498-1, 412 pp.
Sociodemographic factors associated with mixed- feeding practices among a cohort of mothers with infants aged 4 - 14 weeks in Tlokwe subdistrict, North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Semenekane N M , Witten C B , Swanepoel E , Kruger H S 
Published: December 2022

Background. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of an infant’s life is the recommended gold standard for infant feeding; however, mixed feeding (MF) is common in various settings. In South Africa (SA), especially in the Tlokwe subdistrict of North West Province, there is little information on the association between sociodemographic factors and infant MF practices.Objective. To identify the sociodemographic factors associated with MF practices in a cohort of mothers of infants aged 4 - 14 weeks in the Tlokwe subdistrict of North West.
Methods. The study setting was 8 health facilities in the Tlokwe subdistrict. Participants comprised postpartum women with infants aged 4 - 14 weeks. Data analysis used SPSS version 25.0. Normal data are presented as means (standard deviation (SD)), skewed data as median values (25th, 75th percentiles) and categorical values as percentages and frequencies. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysed the association between sociodemographic factors and MF practices at time point 2 (10 - 14 weeks).
Results. The majority of the mothers were aged between 25 and 29 years, and 37% had at least 2 live children. MF increased with infant age. There was no significant association between any of the sociodemographic variables and MF practices. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between increased parity and MF. There was also a significant association between changes in infant- feeding practices after receiving the child support grant at 10 - 14 weeks.
Conclusion. The high proportion of mothers who mixed-fed indicates that it is still the norm, as in other SA contexts. Therefore, strengthened breastfeeding education regarding appropriate infant-feeding choices in the promotion of infant development and survival for the short and long term should be emphasised.
Exchange blood transfusion for hyperbilirubinaemia: Neonatal characteristics and short-term outcomes
Authors: Seake K , Velaphi S 
Published: December 2022

Background. Factors that have been associated with severe hyperbilirubinaemia requiring exchange blood transfusion (EBT) are early discharge, late preterm birth and haemolytic disease. Early discharge is a common practice in neonatal care, so it is important to identify and audit neonates who received EBT, in order to identify modifiable factors.
Objectives. To describe the characteristics and outcomes of infants requiring EBT.
Methods. We reviewed records of infants admitted with severe jaundice requiring EBT from January 2009 to December 2013. Descriptive analysis of characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings and outcome at discharge was performed.
Results. A total of 150 neonates received EBT (30 per year), and 101 were reviewed. Of these, 34 (33.7%) were inpatients and 67 (66.3%) were new admissions (2.34/1 000 new admissions). The majority of neonates requiring EBT were born vaginally (86.1%), were late preterm births (20.8%) and were exclusively breastfed (82.2%). The median postnatal age at presentation was 5 days. Clinical signs suggestive of acute bilirubin encephalopathy were present in 24.8% of cases. Among mother-infant pairs with known blood groups, 9.3% and 70.4% had rhesus (Rh) and ABO incompatibility, respectively. A Coombs test was positive in 62.5% of those with Rh incompatibility compared with 31.7% of those with ABO incompatibility. A total of 6 patients (5.9%) died, all within 7 days of EBT, but none during EBT.
Conclusion. The majority of neonates requiring EBT presented post discharge after birth and had been born vaginally at term, suggesting early discharge after delivery. More than two-thirds of cases were related to ABO incompatibility. Screening for jaundice before discharge must be prioritised, especially for infants born to mothers who are Rh negative or ABO blood group O.
Examining maternal depression, birthweight and linear growth: Findings from the South African National Income Dynamics Study
Authors: Harper A , Rothberg A , Chirwa E , Mall S 
Published: December 2022

Background. Literature is inconclusive regarding an association between maternal depression, low birthweight (LBW) and stunting in early childhood. While some studies have found an association, others have not. Maternal food insecurity is a risk factor for both maternal depression and reduced linear growth in early childhood.
Objective. This study examined the relationship between maternal depression, food insecurity, LBW and stunting in the first five years of life. The study employed longitudinal data of South African women and children from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS).
Methods. Mothers were classified into four groups: food insecure and depressed; food insecure only; depressed only; and neither food insecure nor depressed. During data collection, 22% of women were pregnant and the remaining 78% were pre-conception. The primary outcomes were low birthweight and height-for-age (HAZ) scores. Generalised Linear Mixed Effects (GLME) models were used to account for women having more than one child. GLME models with a Gaussian link function were used to compare mean differences in birthweight and HAZ scores. Multivariable regression models were used to examine factors associated with depression.
Results. Food insecurity was significantly associated with depression among pre-conceptional and pregnant women. There was no statistically significant difference in birthweight or linear growth across groups, but this may be influenced by proximity of depression measurement in relation to outcomes.
Conclusion. Food insecurity is a potentially modifiable risk factor for depression and may be a confounding factor in studies that have found associations between depression and child health outcomes.
Effect of Different Cooking Methods on the Concentration of Vitamin C in Cowpea Vegetable (Vigna unguiculata)
Authors: Odit Emmanuel , Omara Denis , Kifuku Richard , Kawuma Carol 
Published: December 2022

Background: Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin widely distributed in nature, mostly rich in fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables. The amount of Vitamin C in a given food depends on soil condition, climate in their area of growth, storage condition after harvest, and methods of preparation. Much amount of Vitamin C in vegetables is lost during cooking and there are still limited information on the impact of different cooking methods on the vitamin C content in leafy vegetable like cowpea vegetable (Vigna unguiculata). It is upon this background that this study aimed to determine the concentration of Vitamin C in cowpea vegetable when cooked using different cooking methods.
Methodology: Vitamin C concentration in a solution of cowpea vegetable cooked by different cooking methods (boiling, steaming and microwave methods) was determined by a redox titration using iodine in the presence of starch indicator. This was conducted at Busitema University, Faculty of Science and Education, Biology Laboratory in Uganda.
Results: The study revealed that cooking cowpea vegetable using microwave yields the highest concentration of vitamin C (154.8 mg/L), followed by steaming (142.9 mg/L) and boiling yielding the least concentration of vitamin C (130.4 mg/L).
Conclusion: The concentration of vitamin C obtained by the three methods of cooking cowpea vegetable has shown that microwaving method of cooking yields the highest concentration of vitamin C followed by steaming method and finally boiling. Further studies should be done to explain the variation of vitamin C concentration in cowpea vegetable when cooked using the above cooking methods. Similar studies should be conducted on other leafy vegetables which are potential sources of Vitamin C.
The Superiority Complex of Eleanor in Crazy Rich Asians
Authors: Agnes Fenny 
Published: December 2022

Crazy Rich Asians is one of the movies that is adapted from literature. In this thesis I am analyzing this movie because of the depiction of a rich person, Eleanor Young, who has an underlying inferiority. However, she shows that she has a superiority over others to cover inferiority. Therefore, in this thesis I am interested in analyzing the superiority complex that was portrayed by Eleanor in the movie and the impact for other characters. In the analysis I use Alfred Adler’s theory of superiority complex. The findings show that Eleanor's superiority complex is shown through her action and behavior, her speech, and her characteristic traits. Her superiority complex affects other characters, who are Nick and Rachel. As a result, Eleanor does not have a good relationship with Nick and Rachel and she portrays her superiority complex.
Moisture abundance and proximity mediate seasonal use of mesic areas and survival of greater sage‐grouse broods
Authors: Severson John P. , Coates Peter S. , Milligan Megan C. , O'Neil Shawn T. , Ricca Mark A. , Abele Steve C. , Boone John D. , Casazza Michael L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Water is a critical and limited resource, particularly in the arid West, but water availability is projected to decline even while demand increases due to growing human populations and increases in duration and severity of drought. Mesic areas provide important water resources for numerous wildlife species, including the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage‐grouse), an indicator for the health of sagebrush ecosystems. Understanding how wildlife use these crucial areas is necessary to inform management and conservation of sensitive species. Specifically, the influence of anthropogenic water subsidies such as irrigated pastures is not well‐studied.
We evaluated brood‐rearing habitat selection and brood survival of sage‐grouse in Long Valley, California, an area where the water rights are primarily owned by the city of Los Angeles and water is used locally to irrigate for livestock. This area thus represents a unique balance between the needs of wildlife and people that could increasingly define future water management.
In this study, sage‐grouse broods moved closer to the edge of mesic areas and used more interior areas during the late brood‐rearing period, selecting for greener areas after 1 July. Mesic areas were particularly important during dry years, with broods using areas farther interior than in wet years. Brood survival was also positively influenced by the availability and condition of mesic resources, as indicated by variation in values of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), with survival peaking at moderate values of NDVI and just outside the edge but decreasing inside the mesic areas.
Our results highlight the importance of quality edge habitat of large mesic areas for sage‐grouse to balance habitat selection and survival, particularly during drier years and during the late brood‐rearing period, which is a critical period because chick survival has been shown to influence population growth.
This study highlights the implications of large‐scale anthropogenic water manipulation, and the balance between local irrigation and water distribution to benefit other regions, from the context of a species of high conservation concern in North American sagebrush ecosystems.
Messianism, Jewish
Authors: Collins John J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The word “Messiah” is derived from the Hebrew
mashiach
, “anointed one.” In the Hebrew Bible it refers most often to the king, but sometimes to the high priest. In the Second Temple period the word took on an eschatological sense. Most often it referred to one who would restore the kingdom of Israel. It could also refer to an eschatological high priest or prophet, or to a heavenly savior figure. The Greek equivalent,
christos
/Christ, is used as a title for Jesus in the New Testament.
Fixed‐time fault‐tolerant control of uncertain MIMO switched interconnected systems subject to state delay, unknown control directions, and quantized nonlinear inputs
Authors: Ghoreishee Sayed Aref , Shahrokhi Mohammad , Vafa Ehsan , Moradvandi Ali 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThis paper investigates design of an adaptive fixed‐time fault‐tolerant decentralized controller for a class of uncertain multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) switched large‐scale non‐strict interconnected systems under arbitrary switching subject to unknown control directions, quantized nonlinear inputs, actuator failures unknown external disturbances, and unmodeled dynamics. In addition to interconnected terms, time‐varying delayed interconnected terms have been considered in the system model which makes it more general than previous works in the literature. The proposed controller can handle switched systems with unknown switching signal and different types of input nonlinearities including, saturation, backlash, and dead‐zone. The singularity problem in designing the fixed time controller has been solved. The quantizer and actuators fault parameters are assumed to be unknown. The Razumikhin lemma has been used to deal with the delayed interconnected terms. To cope with the system unknown dynamics, neural networks (NNs) have been applied and by updating the maximum norms of the networks weight vectors the computational load has been reduced. The explosion of complexity occurring in the traditional back‐stepping technique has been avoided by applying dynamic surface control (DSC). Finally, by defining an appropriate common Lyapunov function (CLF), fixed‐time convergence of system outputs and the closed‐loop system stability have been established. The effectiveness of the proposed controller has been shown via simulation study.
An Artificial Autonomic Nervous System That Implements Heart and Pupil as Controlled by Artificial Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerves
Authors: Liu Lu , Ni Yao , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Yihang , Jiang Chengpeng , Xu Wentao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe autonomic nervous system maintains homeostasis in organisms through complex neural pathways and responds adaptively to changes in the external and internal environment. The fabrication of an artificial autonomic nervous system is reported that replicates combined effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves on cardiac activity and pupillary control, to mimic the regulation of autonomic nervous system to external changes. The artificial autonomic nerve‐controlled pupil contraction and relaxation, modulating the rate of heartbeats for normal cardiac rhythm and arrhythmia as reflected by blink rates of a signal indicator. These functions are switched by using a parallel‐channeled synaptic transistor with a special n‐i‐p heterostructure that has a 2D h‐BN insulator in the middle to provide barrier against ion injection into the 2D MoS2 bottom n‐channel and enable short‐term plasticity as induced by acetylcholine, and the electrochemical doping reaction occurred at the P3HT nanowire p‐channels on top to enable relatively long‐term plasticity as induced by noradrenaline. Low‐energy consumption down to femtojoule and an ultrahigh paired‐pulse facilitation index up to ≈455% are demonstrated. An artificial neural network based on device characteristics achieves a high recognition accuracy for electrocardiogram patterns. This study extends insights into artificial nerves‐inspired biological signal processing and recognition.
An Integrated Wearable Sweat Sensing Patch for Passive Continuous Analysis of Stress Biomarkers at Rest
Authors: Zhao Hao , Zhang Xieli , Qin Yanxia , Xia Yong , Xu Xin , Sun Xiguang , Yu Dehai , Mugo Samuel M. , Wang Dong , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of mental stress biomarkers in sweat provides the possibility to evaluate mental status in a precise manner. In general, wearable sweat sensors suffer from inconvenient sweat collection, low levels of diagnostic biomarkers in sweat, sophisticated signal processing, and challenges with data visualization. To overcome these challenges, herein an integrated wearable sweat‐sensing patch for continuous analysis of stress biomarkers (cortisol, Mg2+, and pH) at rest is demonstrated. The sweat sensing patch comprised a microfluidic chip, a highly sensitive sensing platform, an on‐site signal processing circuitry (SPCs), and a smartphone installed with a home‐developed display software. The sweat collection at rest is realized using a microfluidic chip without perspiration assistance. A ternary composite electrode is designed to obtain good conductivity, high surface area, and massive reactive sites, thereby yielding excellent electrochemical performances and high sensitivity to trace stress biomarkers. The on‐site SPC has the function of signal transduction, conditioning, processing, and wireless transmission. The detection results can be displayed on a smartphone through the software. This work represents a significant scientific and technological advancement toward indexing mental stress status and can be used as an innovative tool for psychological diagnosis.
Oxidative Stress Amplifiers as Immunogenic Cell Death Nanoinducers Disrupting Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wan Jia , Zhang Xianghong , Li Zhihong , Mo Fuhao , Tang Dongsheng , Xiao Haihua , Wang Jingcheng , Rong Guanghua , Liu Tang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced oxidative stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is generally believed to be an important prerequisite for immunogenic cell death (ICD) which can trigger antitumor immune responses for cancer immunotherapy. However, thus far, little is known between the oxidative stress in a certain organelle other than ER and ICD. Herein, polymers for preparing ROS‐responsive nanoparticles (NP‐I‐CA‐TPP) with mitochondrial targeting performance as ICD nanoinducers are designed. It is believed that NP‐I‐CA‐TPP can target mitochondria which are extremely important organelles intimately involved in cellular stress signaling to play an important role in the induction of ICD. NP‐I‐CA‐TPP can amplify cinnamaldehyde (CA)‐induced ROS damage by iodo–thiol click chemistry‐mediated glutathione depletion in cancer cells. Finally, NP‐I‐CA‐TPP is shown to disrupt mitochondrial redox homeostasis, amplify mitochondrial oxidative stress, promote cancer cell apoptosis via inducing ICD, and triggering the body's antitumor immune response for cancer immunotherapy.
Macroscale Fabrication of Lightweight and Strong Porous Carbon Foams through Template‐Coating Pair Design
Authors: Suresh Adarsh , Rowan Stuart J. , Liu Chong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractManufacturing of low‐density‐high‐strength carbon foams can benefit the construction, transportation, and packaging industries. One successful route to lightweight and mechanically strong carbon foams involves pyrolysis of polymeric architectures, which is inevitably accompanied by drastic volumetric shrinkage (usually >98%). As such, a challenge of these materials lies in maintaining bulk dimensions of building struts that span orders of magnitude difference in length scale from centimeters to nanometers. This work demonstrates fabrication of macroscale low‐density‐high‐strength carbon foams that feature exceptional dimensional stability through pyrolysis of robust template‐coating pairs. The template serves as the architectural blueprint and contains strength‐imparting properties (e.g., high node density and small strut dimensions); it is composed of a low char‐yielding porous polystyrene backbone with a high carbonization‐onset temperature. The coating serves to imprint and transcribe the template architecture into pyrolytic carbon; it is composed of a high char‐yielding conjugated polymer with a relatively low carbonization‐onset temperature. The designed carbonization mismatch enables structural inheritance, while the decomposition mismatch affords hollow struts, minimizing density. The carbons synthesized through this new framework exhibit remarkable dimensional stability (≈80% dimension retention; ≈50% volume retention) and some of the highest specific strengths (≈0.13 GPa g−1 cm3) among reported carbon foams derived from porous polymer templates.