bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological Effects of Zinc Oxide in Some of Reproductive and Blood Parameters in Female Rabbits
Authors: Tarish Al-Baghdadi Rana Jaber 
Published: August 2023

This study was performed to identify the physiological effects produced by addition of zinc oxide at 96 mg/ kg diet for 40 days in some of reproductive and blood parameters in female rabbits. Sixty local domestic rabbits of both sexes were used (20 males and 40 females), the males separated from females while females divided into two group, first group: (20 female) represented the control, the second group: (20 female) represented the treatment group in which ZnO2 added at 96 mg/ kg diet along the experiment period which lasted from 20/4/2008 to 30/5/2008, after 10 days from the beginning of the trail, mating occur between half males number (10) with the females of the control group and the other half of males with the females of treatment group, the males selected randomly (1male:2 females), then the males removed and the following parameters counted: gestational ratio, mean period of gestation, delivery ratio, mean of the numbers of offspring, the offspring mean weights, red blood cell level, white blood cell level and hemoglobin. The results revealed elevation in the above parameters in the females of treated group than the females of the control group.
Histopathological study of Salmonella typhimurium infection in laboratory mice by using the light and electron microscope
Authors: Zghair Zainab R. 
Published: August 2023

This study was designed to evaluate the histopathological changes for internal organs of white female mice after inoculation with Salmonella typhimurium in dose 1x108.Sixteen white mice apprrximatly age (one-two months) and body weight were (25-30) gram divided into 2 equal groups. The first group was inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium orally and killed after24hr.Group2 was inoculated with normal saline as control group. The histopathological changes of the liver were showed infiltration of kupffer cells and aggregation of mononuclear cells around the central vein with congestion of blood vessels and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The intestinal changes showed hyperplasia of goblet cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of atrophic villi. The results of the electron microscope were showed S. typhimurium lie close to the brush border of the villi of ileum of infected mice, and in another section noticed degeneration of the brush border and the apical cytoplasm with cavity formation occurs near a bacterium (arrow). In addition,budding, swelling and elongation of microvilli are evident.In summary to the above, the microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium have the ability to infect ileum and penetrate to other internal organs.
General survey of epidemic hydatidosis in sheep in Al-Shula area in Baghdad
Authors: Younis Khalida Hussain 
Published: August 2023

The survey of distribution of hydatidosis in sheep in Al-Shula Area of Baghdad region was conducted from Mar. 2010 to Feb. 2011. By examining of 2781 animals 1877 male and ( 904) female , the infection rate was( 12.69%). Out of 353 of affected sheep 211 was female (7.58%) and 147 was male (5.1%). Hydatidosis is found in internal organs for all months of the year .The ratio of infection was higher in female ( 59,77% ) in comparaion with male ( 40,22%) . 2428 hydatid cysts were isolated from liver , lung and liver together and lung organs mostly from lung and liver together with rate (61.53%) there was direct relation between the age of the sheep (male and female ) and infection by Hydatidosis .
Prevalence of Bovine Sarcocystosis in Babylon province
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad Hadi 
Published: August 2023

The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bovine sarcocystosis in slaughtered cattle in Babylon abattoir by use two methods, trichenoscopy and histological techniques, The results showed that the prevalence rate of microscopic form Sarcocystis cruzi detected by trichenoscopy and histological technique were 66.5 % and 70% respectively. According to examined organs, the higher percentage recorded in esophagus 64%, and least percentage in diaphragm 47%, also the prevalence in females 79. 03 % was higher than males 60..86%. In addition, the results revealed that the infection rate increased with the age and the higher percentage was observed in animals 2-6 years, while the lowest was recorded in animals aged 6-12 months.
Comparative Histological and morphometrical study of lacrimal apparatus of Awasi sheep and native black goat
Authors: Daryuos M. M. , Ahmed N. S. 
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to explain general histological features of lacrimal apparatus of both animals. Eight pairs of Lacrimal glands, eight pairs of superior lacrimal glands of third eyelid and the same number of extra glandular duct system used for histological study. lacrimal glands were compound mixed tubuloacinar glands composed of serous, mucous and mixed acini (have both serous and mucous cells) . The percentage of acinar shape was greater than tubular shape of both glands of the studied animals, while the mucous acini were comparatively greater in lacrimal glands of Awasi sheep than those of black goat were. It was considerable increase in numbers of myoepithelial cells of secretory acini of lacrimal glands in black goat. The intercalated ducts were lined with low couboidal epithelium, then gradually increase in height to become stratified cuboidal to stratified columinar epithelium in both sheep and goat. It was noticed that the percentage of light cells and goblet cells within the wall of duct system inside the glands of Awasi sheep was greater than that of black goat, while the percentage of goblet cells in the wall of all parts of extra glandular duct system of the black goat was greater than that of Awasi sheep. There was a variable amount of smooth muscle fibers around the connective tissue of interlobular ducts especially in the superior lacrimal gland of third eyelid of black goat.
Effect of Antituberculosis, (Rifampicin & Isoniazide) on Female Reproductive System Performance in Adult Rats
Authors: AL-Chalaby A. S. 
Published: August 2023

A study was made of the effects of anti-tuberculosis agents (Rifampicin, Isoniazide) on female reproductive performance, (30) Adult female albino rats were used, While ( 12 ) were treated orally with Rifampicin ( 50 mg/kg ) and Isoniazide ( 25 mg/kg ) for 60 days , and reversibility of the induced effects by withdrawal of the treatment for 30 days were also investigated , as well as 6 rats served as control , Results reveled that absolute and relative weight of uterus and spleen are significantly non changed , while absolute and relative weight of the ovary decreased significantly , relative liver weight increased significantly , while Isoniazide cause significantly increased in heart weight , compared to control group, The withdrawal of Rifampicin and Isoniazide for 30 days brought about on complete recovery , Fertility was reduced significantly after both Rifampicin and Isoniazide administration for 60 days , Hence the effects of Rifampicin and Isoniazide are transient and reversible.
Moniezia expansa (Moniex, 1879) in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in central Iraq
Authors: Anisimova I. E. , Al-Fatlawi A. M. 
Published: August 2023

This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal cestodes in the small intestine of camels in Diwania and Najaf province in the central region of Iraq.A total of 47 camelus dromedarius were examined in September and October 2012. 27.65% of camels harboring Moniezia expansa. 13 and 34 camels were examined in Diwania and Najaf abattoir, 2 and 11 of them have Moniezia with infections rate 15.38% and 32.35% respectively. September appear highly infections rate (33.33%) than October (23.07%), during examination 21 and 26 camels in these months.Infections rate were highly in female (30.55%) than male (18.18%). Rate of infection increase with age, first G1 was (0%), G2 (23%) and G3 (38.88%). Moniezia burden arrange from 1- 7, with mean number 2.9 worm\infected camel.
Assessment of Nephroprotective role of Irbesartan against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Ghafil Fadaa A. , Al-Zubaidi Fatimah A. , Almedeny Seher A. 
Published: August 2023

Aims of study : The present study was undertaken to assess the renoprotective effect of irbesartan on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Materials and methods: Fifteen male adult Sprague-Dawely rats were enrolled in this study, rats were separated randomly into 3 groups, five rats in each group, the first group maintained on normal standard chow diet, served as control group. The second group received gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day, i.p for 4 weeks. The third group received gentamicin 100mg/kg/day i.p concomitantly with irbesartan 25 mg/kg/day p.o for 4 weeks. Results: Gentamicin treatment increased serum urea, creatinine and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly. Irbesartan treatment decreased serum urea, creatinine and tissue MDA significantly. Conclusion: Gentamicin induced nenephrotoxicity can be prevented by coadministration with irbesartan.
Effect of Use Two General Anesthetic Regimes on Some Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Donkeys
Authors: Khalaf Albozachri Jassim M. , Al-faris Abdalbari A. , Majeed Saleh K. 
Published: August 2023

The present study was assigned to investigate the effect of use two general anesthetic regimes (Tramadol, Ketamine and Xylazine ) and (Diazepam, Ketamine and Xylazine) on some clinical and biochemical parameters in donkeys. Eight adult local breed donkeys weighting between (90- 160 kg) were used in this study. Donkeys were divided equally into two groups (T+K+X)and (D+K+X) . Group(T+K+X): Four donkeys used to induction of general anesthesia by intravenous administration of the following drugs: Tramadol hydrochloride (5mg /Kg B.W.), Ketamine (2.2 mg/kg B.W) and Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg B.W). Group (D+K+X): Four donkeys used to induction of general anesthesia was made by administration of the same drugs in the same dose as in group (T+K+X) except Tramadol that was replaced by Diazepam( 0.11 mg/kg B.W). Data were collected immediately before intravenous administration of premedication (control data) and continuously after administration of anesthetics. Parameters included clinical measures: heart rate and rectal temperature, at time of 5,10,15,20,25,30, and 60 minutes. The biochemical examination (AST and ALT) estimated at the times zero, 25 minutes and 3 days. The results revealed that significant differences in the means of heart rate between groups (T+K+X)and(D+K+X) the heart rate was increase in (D+K+X) group in compare with(T+K+X) group . as well as was significant differences in the means of heart rate within(T+K+X) groups , it was gradually increased at times 5 and 10 minute then return close to control value at 15,20,25,30 and 60 minute while in (D+K+X) the means of heart rat were increased at all times in compared with zero time. There were significant differences in rectal body temperature between two groups , the means of rectal temperature were significantly increased in (D+K+X) group at 10,15 and 60 minutes . In addition there were gradual decreases in the rectal temperature within group at time 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60 minutes in(T+K+X) while it was increased at 20 and 25 then stayed within normal values in other group. There were no significant differences in the mean values of AST between two groups. AST mean was elevated significantly at Day 3 in (T+K+X) but it was decreased at time 25 minutes in(D+K+X). The results also showed significant increase in ALT value in (T+K+X) group in compare with (D+K+X) group at time 25 minutes but it was completely inversed at Day 3. At time 25 minutes ALT was increased significantly in (T+K+X) then decreased at Day 3 while it was decreased at times 25 minutes and Day 3 in (D+K+X).
The effect of vitamin C on ovary of female white rats treated with kmno4. Histological & physiological study
Authors: Al-Katib Sami Raheem , A. Al Azam Ahmed H. , Habeab Sana Abadi 
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted to verify the oxidative stress status by using different doses of KMno4 (100,200,300) mg /70kg b.w and role of antioxidant agents at different concentrations of Vitamin C (1000, 1500, 2000) mg /70kg b.w on female infertility. To achieve this aim, 72 female rats with ages of 2-3 months, weighing( 180g-250g) Were enrolled .To compare the results, 24 healthy individuals of ages(2-3 months) were also studied which divided to three chief groups: treated with KMno4, Vitamin C and combination of (KMno4+Vitamin C) . Serum Vitamin C and ovaries were dissected for histopathological study. The results indicated a significant decrease (p<0.05) of Vitamin C values in sera of groups that treated with (KMno4) alone, when compared with the control group, while Vitamin C levels showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in Vitamin C treated groups in respect with those of the control group. The highest levels of Vitamin C values were found in the groups that combined of treated with (KMno4+Vitamin C). There was a normal histological appearance of ovary in control group, the treatment with 1000 mg/70kg vitC. b wt showed an increase in the blood flow within the parenchyma of ovary representing congestion of blood vessels and numerous of growing follicles and huge graffian follicles. While treatment with different doses of KMno4 resulted in appearance of few number of growing follicles and huge graffian follicles. These results highlighted the involvement of the oxidative stress in female infertility and confirmed the benefits of the use of antioxidants in the medication of this condition, not only to improve the environment of follicles, but also to modulate female infertility hormonal profile.
Prevalence of helminth in the alimentary tract of house reared chickens in Al-Dewania city
Authors: Karawan A. Ch. 
Published: August 2023

We examined 125 faecal samples of house reared chickens from different region of al dewania city of different ages between (6 months –5 Years). from ( January of 2010 – the end of august 2010 ). The percentage of the total infection of the internal helminthes egg 68,8% . The egg of Ascaridia galli was the most commen represented with 21.6 % . while the oocystes of Eimeria spp represented with 15.2% . Capillaria spp represented with 13,6% . while the eggs of Heterakis gallinarum represented with 12% . The eggs of Raillietina spp represented with 6,4 % . The mixed infection was the most predominant being 40,69 %.
Seroepidemiology of Rift Valley Fever in Basrah
Authors: Muhsen Rahman Kadhum 
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted in Basrah to evaluate the seroepidemiological prevalence of Rift valley fever in Basrah . Serum samples were collected from 1215 sheep from 5 distinct regions in Basrah and submitted to the ELISA test to estimate the titer of specific antibodies against rift valley fever virus . The result revealed that , the overall seroprevalence RVF in Basrah was 0. 89 % . There was no significant differences in the seroprevalence of RVF among different regions in Basrah ( P > 0.05 ) . The highest seroprevalence were reported in sheep older than 3 years compared with other age groups and this difference were statistically highly significant ( P < 0.01 ) . On other hands there was no statistical difference in the seroprevalence of RVF between male and female ( P > 0.05 ) .
Study the Effectiveness of Chitosan on Experimental Infection of Chicks with Salmonellosis
Authors: Omran Hasseba A. , A. Al-Haddad Zainab A. 
Published: August 2023

This research attributed with chitosan as prebiotic and immunomodulator as well as to determine its effect on the body weights of experimental of chicks. The results had been showed increasing in body weights of chicks had been given chitosan. The bacterial isolated revealed that chicks groups exposed to infection with Salmonella typhimurium and treated with chitosan before and with the same time of infection, these groups appeared a decrease in the bacterial isolation from intestines and liver in comparing with those exposed to infection without given chitosan The passive heamagglutination test also revealed higher antibodies titers against Salmonella typhimurium in the same groups above in comparing with positive and negative control groups, so all these results detected the ability of this compound as inhibitor for bacterial growth and replication and to minimize their numbers as well as its effect and immunomodullator.
Effect of oxytocin hormone after parturition on rate of retained placenta of dairy cows in south- west of Baghdad
Authors: M. Mohammed Y. 
Published: August 2023

The aims of this research was showed the effect of oxytocin injection after parturition on rate of retained placenta in dairy cows. The research done in the biggest dairy cow station south - West of Baghdad which have cow with Friesian and Holsteincross breed. Divided these research cows in two group , first group had 120 unipara cows and second group 150 multipara cows, the resultes was show before used the oxytocin hormone 54% and 63.3% normal partertion for first and second groups of cows with dystocia 46% and 36.7% , retained placenta rate was 26% and 20.7% of both group. After used the hormon 50 I.U /i.m within 3 hours after parturition . the first group ( 111 ) unipara cows and 140 multipara cows, the normal parturition showed 56% and 64.5% with dystcoia 44% and 35.5% with retained planet rates 18% and 16.5% or both group.The result A now No significant (P<0.05) different in the value between groups.
Synergistic effect of propolis and antibiotics on the Salmonella Typhi TY21
Authors: AL- safi Shatha Mousa 
Published: August 2023

The study was aimed at determining the synergistic effect of crude ethanolic extract of AL-Najaf propolis (EENP) with antibiotic (Ampicilin and Gentamycin) against Salmonella typhi by the method of disc diffusion. Result revealed that EEP a good antibacterial activity against bacteria at different concentrations 100,50 mg/ml and the results of Apmicillin–propolis combination on the bacterial isolates were; synergistic to words Salmonella Typhi. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between effect of Apmicillin and Apmicillin –propolis combination on bacterial isolates ,there was no significant differences between gentamycin and gentamycin–propolis combination at level (P≤0.05). but there are additive effect on salmonella typhi.
Protective Effect of Petroselinum crispum(parsley)extract on histopathological changes in liver ,kidney and pancreas induced by Sodium Valproate- In male Rats
Authors: Jassim Adnan M. 
Published: August 2023

The present study was done to investigate the protective effect parsley extract against liver ,kidney ,pancreas damage induced by sodium valoproate in rats,The protective effect of alcoholic parsley extract against toxicity induced by sodium valproate (SVP) in male rats was studied. These experiment was carried out along 7 weeks, twenty four male rats divided into three equal groups. Group (1) was kept as normal control (given vehicle), while rats of group (2) were given orally SVP in a dose of 500 mg/kg /day. While group (3) protected by parsley extract dose of 200 mg/kg /day and receive orally SVP in a dose of 500 mg/kg /day for 7 weeks at end of experiment animal were scarified and tissue of liver ,kidney and pancreas were isolated for study histopathological changes . The histopathological changes of liver reveal mild degree of steatosis reflected by micro vacuoles of the cytoplasm , Loss of normal arraying of hepatocytes indicates mild degree of liver atrophy , central vein. Focal liver necrosis, the dead cells are replaced by leukocytic infiltration .The histopathological changes of kidney tissue treated with valproate reveal The proximal and the distal convoluted tubules show hydropic changes(small white vacules within the cytoplasma and The glomeruli show hypercellularity. More ever study reveal there is no histopathological changes could be detected in pancreas except there is interstitial edema in animal treated with valproic acid. Conclusion: Petroselinum crispum(parsley) exhibited significant anti-hepatotoxic activities and protective activity on kidney damage induced by valoproic acid .
prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis associated with house reared chickens in Al-Muthanna province , Iraq
Authors: Hemzah  Al Se´adawy Mohenned A. 
Published: August 2023

A point prevalence study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Eimeria species in house reared chickens in Al- Muthanna province in western south of Iraq. 129 fecal and intestinal samples were collected. The total infection with Eimeria species was 21.7%. Highest infection rate was 28.5% with E. acervulina while lowest infection rate was 7.1% with E. brunetti and E.tenella. The highest prevalence rate was in months of November (52%) while lowest rate in February 3.3% and there was significant effect of months on proportion of positive samples at P<0.05.
Writing scientific thesis/dissertation in biology field: Deviation in introduction context writing
Authors: Salman Huda D , Yaseen Nahi Y 
Published: August 2023

Writing a scientific articles or thesis or dissertations has vital role to impart the ideas of the researcher to interesting audience and to enhance scientific communication. Postgraduate students in the field of biology in Iraqi Universities must write and present a thesis or a dissertation as a partial fulfilment of the requirements to obtain their MSc or PhD degrees. Introduction chapter, in these thesis or dissertation, must be written clearly and aims to justify the significance of the research working and to link the work to other previous research. Introduction writing process is getting growing problem as it shows differed styles of writing not in compatible with standard guidelines. Hence, this article aimed to focus on the studying the context style of introduction chapter in biological thesis or dissertations. The study included analysis of 124 thesis and dissertations, and interviewing 114 postgraduate students to discuss the introduction writing process. Introduction writing context was analyzed and evaluated according to the standard guidelines for scientific writing. The interview focused on scientific background, knowledge and approaches of student to how to write introduction. The results revealed that students showed significant defect and very poor knowledge in introduction context writing. Deviation from standard guidelines was noticed in all thesis and dissertations introduction writing criteria. All students claimed that they hadn’t passed any syllabus concerning writing process, and their writing style depended on transferring or copying the styles of previous written thesis or dissertations even they were not correct. The study strongly recommends introducing specific syllabus for scientific research methods and scientific writing for postgraduate students before starting their thesis or dissertation writing.