bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Protection Systems in Estonia and Latvia
Authors: Linno Merle , Strömpl Judit 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the historical process of transformation from the paternalistic Soviet state system of child protection in Estonia and Latvia. Moreover, it tackles the criticism of the deinstitutionalization of residential care and changes in juvenile justice. The Soviet concept of the child sees parents as dangerous for the kids, while the educational system was empowered to take responsibility for rearing the new generation. Population growth is found to have a significant impact on children’s well-being. Both countries acknowledge the child’s right to family as a core principle in child protection work. Local governments are required to develop measures based on the needs of children and families.
Child Welfare and Child Protection Services in England
Authors: Thoburn June 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the child welfare and child protection services in England. The child protection system refers to the multi-agency and inter-professional arrangements following specific government guidelines on the assessment and service concerning child maltreatment. Suspected maltreatment reports are directed to the police or children’s social services. Data on rates of abuse cannot be quantified easily due to the lack of a formal system of reporting and substantiation of abuse allegations. However, England does have a robust administrative data collection to understand the demands on the child welfare system. Tension is growing between policy-makers, social workers, and advocacy groups with regards to enforcing a rights-based and participatory approach to child welfare.
Child Protection in Poland
Authors: Tanaś Violetta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the child protection system in Poland. Since children should be protected against maltreatment and exploitation, formal, psychopedagogical and socio-political considerations should be taken into consideration when looking into the consequences of actions to protect children against violence. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) became the bases of numerous documents defining the responsibilities of the state and local entities in the field of protecting children against abuse since the European Parliament recognized that violence is a violation of human rights to life, personal security, freedom, dignity, and integrity. Moreover, the policy of protection against abuse has been prepared in line with the applicable law.
Child Protection in the United States
Authors: Lawson Jennifer , Duerr Berrick Jill 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses child protection in the United States at the federal level. Federal policies governing the child welfare system need state and local jurisdictions to respond to child maltreatment. Government approaches to child welfare vary from child protection to family service programs. Maltreatment is treated as a product of inadequate parenting that results in substantial harm. Additionally, child welfare system responses range between risk assessment, in-home care, and out-of-home care. Child welfare professionals conduct eligibility determination for child welfare services and make recommendations to the courts about the need and nature of services. The US child welfare system constantly changes through shifts in federal, state, and local policies, as well as ongoing research into effective interventions and approaches.
Child Protection in Israel
Authors: Gross-Manos Daphna , Melkman Eran , Almog-Zaken Aya 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains child protection in Israel. Child protection policies, services, and practices are forced to adjust rapidly to the needs of the growing young population as Israel is still a relatively young state. Data collection is also another challenge within the Israeli child protection system. The chapter notes that neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse are mostly referred in Israel’s official reports of maltreatment cases to social services. It highlights the investigation, substantiation, and decision-making processes of Child Protection Officers regarding children in need of protection and its resemblance to the European welfare system model. Israeli child intervention and prevention services consist of out-of-home care and community-based services.
Protecting Children in the Philippines
Authors: Roche Steven , Flores-Pasos Florence 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains the policies and practices of child protection in the Philippines. While the country is experiencing rapid economic, social, and political transformations, there is increasing international awareness of the need for children to be protected from neglect and abuse, particularly in circumstances of significant poverty, inequality, and deprivation. Filipino children experience a strong sense of familial belonging and community connectedness, with a high degree of social and cultural significance placed on the family. However, maltreatment and exploitation are the core risks to the Filipino youth, which are followed by other risks such as child labour, child trafficking, extra-judicial killings, and natural disasters.
Making Child Protection Systems Work for Children
Authors: Mushunje Mildred T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter notes the lessons from Zimbabwe on making child protection systems work for children. Poverty reduction and increased social expenditure had been emphasized in the government’s plans to address inequalities and shift towards an egalitarian society. Additionally, poverty is a factor in the transformation of the child protection support systems. The Children’s Act, which is the key to child protection, underwent several amendments in response to the shifting needs of children. Children who need care can go through a court process to be fostered, adopted, or placed in an institution or under the supervision of a probation officer. However, the institutionalization of children in need of care remained to be the last resort.
Child Protection Systems in Uganda
Authors: Yiga Deogratias 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter spotlights the child protection systems in Uganda. Almost three decades have passed since Uganda ratified the UNCRC and African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Efforts are underway to ratify the Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Inter country Adoption to ensure that children grow up in a safe environment free from all forms of maltreatment, violence, and exploitation. Notwithstanding, a strong legal and policy framework children in Uganda continue to experience physical, sexual, and emotional violence and are exposed to varied risk contexts such as child labor, child trafficking, child marriage, and teenage pregnancies. Efforts to translate legal and policy commitments into protection outcomes for children continue to be constrained by limited adherence to established standards, programming pitfalls, limited data, and inadequate investment in child protection systems development and functionality.
Children at Risk in Mexico
Authors: Frías-Armenta Martha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Children represent approximately one- third of the population of Mexico, home to around 39.2 million individuals under the age of 18 (Instituto Nacional Estadística Geografía e Informática [INEGI], 2015a). One of the main problems children in Mexico face is poverty, which increases the risk of malnourishment and the likelihood of suboptimal social, cognitive, physical, and emotional development. Poverty is also a potent predictor of antisocial behaviors and violence. This chapter will review key issues faced by children in Mexico, highlight core policies and laws that protect children’s rights and criminalize maltreatment, and explore current policies and interventions aimed at addressing maltreatment.
The Colombian Child Protection System
Authors: Torrado P. María Cristina , Duran Strauch Ernesto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into the child protection system in Colombia. The protection of childhood is divided among the purposes of philanthropy, morality, social control devices, and equitable societies. Additionally, child protection systems justify their existence in an alleged inability of poor families to care for their children. Cases of abuse and violence against children are understood as situations of threat or violation of their rights due to omissions or non-compliance with the obligations of the state and society. Significant improvements have been recorded in the last few years concerning the quality of life of the child population. However, ethnicity, area of residence, and home characteristics remain as factors of the social service’s accessibility.
Child Protection and Children’s Services in Switzerland
Authors: Schnurr Stefan , Gautschi Joel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter notes Switzerland’s child protection and children’s services. The core principles of subsidiary and federalism are upheld at all levels of policy-making and policy implementation. Thus, the country’s political system and federalism have a significant impact on the institutionalization of child protection and children’s services. The distinctiveness of child protection in Switzerland is due to the diversity of its institutional arrangements linked to numerous policies, programs, and cultures of decision making. Decisions on child protection measures are related to the requirement that a child’s best interests are threatened and the parents are unwilling or unable to remedy the situation.
Vera Lynn in Nashville (1977)
Authors: Baade Christina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The 1977 album Vera Lynn in Nashville could be dismissed as country crossover gone too far. But what if, drawing on notions of the musical middlebrow, we take Vera Lynn at her word and treat the album as a sincere expression of musical affinity? The album grew out of postwar popular music genres that were shaped by middlebrow values—both what Keir Keightley calls “easy listening” and country music’s Nashville Sound. It also emerged from the transnational flows of popular music influence, marketing, and exchange. Rooted in the 1970s, a messy decade for middlebrow studies, this chapter explores how transatlantic country crossover can both complicate narratives of “blue-eyed soul” appropriation and highlight themes of white working-class affinity. It reveals how Vera Lynn in Nashville was animated by the uneasy relation between performances of white, working-class femininity and notions of respectability, musical authenticity, and nationalism.
“All These Songs Help Us to Trace History”
Authors: Caplan Lucy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The genre of the Black music history narrative—in which authors and artists recounted the development of Black music from past to present—was a cornerstone of early-twentieth-century African American cultural production. A product of both the Harlem Renaissance and nascent middlebrow culture, the genre spoke to these movements’ shared concern with the boundary between high and low culture, commitment to education, and ideological contradictions. Two notable Black music history narratives, Shirley Graham’s essay “Spirituals to Symphonies” and Maud Cuney Hare’s Negro Musicians and Their Music, revise the genre’s standard conventions. In particular, Graham and Cuney Hare’s works take a diasporic rather than nationalist approach, highlight musical plenitude over elite-led progress, and center women’s voices. As foundational but underrecognized works of music history, Graham and Cuney Hare’s narratives ultimately complicate dominant understandings of Black music historiography and its relationship to middlebrow culture.
Bird, Schedule, Name
Authors: Peters John Durham 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Borges’s direct influence on media studies has been relatively small, and thus rather than cataloguing chapter and verse, this chapter investigates affinities of Borges’s (oeuvre with central ideas in media theory through a close reading of a selection of his essays and stories. Taking three apparently disparate themes in Borges—a bird’s cry, a train schedule, and proper names—this chapter shows there to be a coherent media-theoretical understanding uniting them as metaphysical markers of the existential fact that possibilities are plentiful and cheap while contingencies are scarce and precious. The chapter, in other words, is a fresh approach to the old realist problem of why small aesthetic touches can have such large existential effects.
Superhero Science Fiction
Authors: Ndalianis Angela 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the superhero film’s relationship with the larger science fiction (sf) genre. While looking at some early overlaps of both types, the main focus is on examples drawn from the Marvel Cinematic Universe and especially Iron Man (2008). Iron Man (like its comic book predecessors) presents itself firmly within the parameters of the superhero narrative, but it does so by absorbing sf into its superhero structure. The chapter thus views Iron Man as an example of sf that aligns with what Istvan Csicsery-Ronay calls the “seven beauties” of sf; however, the chapter argues that Iron Man applies a superhero logic to this schema, resulting in an adjustment that we might term “the seven beauties of superhero-sf.”
Digital Science Fictions
Authors: Tryon Chuck 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Digital technologies have profoundly altered not only our definition of cinema but also such basic concepts as identity, time, and space. The science fiction (sf) film has been one of the central sites where the digital is most fundamentally involved and where filmmakers have most deeply theorized it, both within their storytelling and within the very practices of making and delivering movies. This chapter demonstrates how the sf film invites us to “think digitally,” that is, to use the observed effects of the digital to make sense of its impact on our movies and our daily lives.
Utopianism
Authors: Edwards Caroline 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines how utopian thinking has influenced the broad field of science fiction (sf) narratives, focusing on three examples: Christopher Nolan’s Inception (2010), Luc Besson’s Lucy (2014), and Lars von Trier’s Melancholia (2011). While these films are not conventional utopian narratives, which envision futuristic cities or ideal societies, the chapter using them to show how the notion of utopia can serve as an analytic method to help us understand the ways in which films try to dismantle and recast human subjectivity through innovative narrative structures.
Heterotopias
Authors: Gordon Joan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Drawing on the intellectual archaeologies of Michel Foucault, the notion of the heterotopic—of the other place that is neither utopian nor dystopian, and of the other figures who might inhabit such places—uses configurations of abnormality as a way of interrogating our sense of the normal. Capitalizing on the new digital technologies common to science fiction (sf) film, sf heterotopias are able to visualize, almost effortlessly, other possible spaces and beings, in the process doing the most fundamental work of sf—challenging a set and bounded sense of world and self, while hinting at better alternatives. This chapter primarily considers District 9 (2009) and Arrival (2016) in terms of Foucault’s formulation and Mary Louise Pratt’s notion of the “contact zone,” a contested site of colonialist heterotopias.
Steampunk Cinema
Authors: Lamarre Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Steampunk cinema begins earlier than steampunk literature, with Karel Zeman’s Invention for Destruction (Vynález zkázy, 1958). This film offers a point of departure for exploring the relation between cinema and steampunk, for it not only extrapolates nineteenth-century technologies to invent alternative kinds of machines, but it also frames them within the early film context of “trick cinema” or a “cinema of attractions.” Various filmmakers and animators have drawn on the strange temporality of Zemen’s cinematic innovations, among them Miyazaki Hayao, Terry Gilliam, and Tim Burton, and the connection continues in more recent steampunk efforts by Ōtomo Katsuhiro, Project Itō, and Ken Liu. This work also provides insight into the turn of “hard sf” writers like Stephen Baxter toward steampunk extrapolations of Victorian science fiction (sf).
Negative Affect and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Swerdlow Benjamin A. , Pearlstein Jennifer G. , Sandel Devon B. , Johnson Sheri L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Virtually all contemporary models of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) emphasize negative affectivity as central to the phenomenology of NSSI. This chapter briefly illustrates the major points of divergence among these contemporary models before turning to the current state of the empirical literature. The focus, in particular, is on reviewing findings related to three facets of the negative affect-NSSI relationship: (a) negative affectivity as a risk factor for NSSI initiation and frequency, including trait-like individual differences, stressful life experiences, and central and peripheral neurophysiology; (b) heightened negative affect as a precursor to NSSI acts; and (c) short- and long-term consequences of NSSI engagement for negative affect. Several key takeaways emerge from this review. First, across multiple units of analysis, heightened negative affectivity and difficulties responding to negative affect are consistent risk factors for NSSI. Second, retrospective and ecological sampling studies converge on the conclusion that NSSI acts are typically preceded by higher-than-usual negative affect. Third, laboratory studies have demonstrated that pain offset is capable of reducing negative affect, arousal, and rumination in people with and without histories of NSSI, consistent with regulation of negative affect being the single most commonly endorsed function of NSSI. However, inconsistent findings from ecological sampling studies suggest that the affective consequences of NSSI are variable in practice, and evidence from longitudinal studies suggests that NSSI engagement is a harbinger of increased negative affectivity in the long run. These key findings are illustrated with a brief clinical vignette. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research conclude the chapter.
Experiential Therapies and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Authors: Kress Victoria E. , Whisenhunt Julia , Stargell Nicole A. , McAllister Christine A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is widely considered to be a form of emotion regulation. Experiential approaches generally address the here and now rather than the past or the future, and they focus on clients processing emotions and behaviors in the current moment. There are a number of experiential techniques that may be helpful when counseling those who self-injure. Expressive arts activities (e.g., visual arts, music, dance, writing, and drama) may be helpful techniques to use in facilitating experiential awareness when counseling those who self-injure. Additionally, guided imagery is a system of visualization that may be used to promote relaxation and allow clients to imagine a future that does not include NSSI. Experiential therapies that focus on relationships are well suited for NSSI. Emotion-focused therapy addresses insecure attachment patterns and increasing emotional regulation. Accelerated experiential dynamic psychotherapy (AEDP) is helpful in addressing trauma and dissociation; clients mindfully reflect on the present moment and make healthier choices in real time. Enhancing self-compassion in those who use NSSI may also be helpful. Additionally, mindfulness techniques may facilitate emotion regulation and promote acceptance and change. The emotional freedom technique (EFT) blends cognitive therapy, behavioral exposure, and acupressure to help clients reprocess their thoughts and feelings. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach to help clients work toward changing maladaptive thoughts. Resource development and installation (RDI) is a method for clients to recognize adaptive coping mechanisms and put them into practice.
Formal Models in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Gailmard Sean 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses approaches to formal modeling in historical political economy and leading examples of formal models in this area. It argues that formal models are useful because they can depict causal mechanisms with a high degree of clarity. This in turn enables causal explanation, an important complement to causal identification from credible empirical research. Moreover, the clarity of causal mechanisms in models can help us understand when two seemingly disparate historical processes potentially result from a similar mechanism, thus enabling a sort of causal generalization.
Servicescape Concept in the Cultural and Creative Sectors
Authors: Julmi Christian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The concept of servicescape refers to the spatial setting in which a service process takes place. The servicescape shapes the expectations of customers and is purposefully designed to influence their behavior in a desired way. This influence takes place through a variety of physical, social, and psychological factors that are perceived holistically by customers. Through this holistic perception, the concept of servicescape is closely related to the concept of atmosphere, referred to as atmospherics or store atmosphere. At the uppermost level, two types of research approaches to servicescapes can be distinguished: dualistic and nondualistic approaches. Dualistic approaches have their roots in environmental psychology and assume that the stimuli of an environment incite the cognitive and emotional state of an individual and subsequently evoke a certain behavior. To study this influence, the environment is usually operationalized into single stimuli whose effects are studied more or less in isolation. In contrast, nondualistic approaches take a phenomenological lens and try to study servicescapes more holistically. Such approaches conceptualize atmospheres as something irreducible that lies in between or goes beyond subject and object. This chapter summarizes for each of the two approaches the basic assumptions, considered servicescape dimensions, and empirical findings in the cultural and creative sectors.
Rhetoric
Authors: Gunderson Erik 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Rhetoric and philosophy are empirically joined for Roman gentlemen. The cultural and intellectual foundations of each are significantly shared. Some may strive to posit heterogeneity and divergence between the domains, but this is a misleading stance and effectively a rhetorical move in its own right. Leading figures cultivate the conjunction between the two. Synergistic moments abound. Philosophical discourse is rhetorically inflected and elaborated. Similarly rhetoric bolsters its own legitimacy by appeals to philosophy. Three brief case studies are offered: Cicero, Seneca, and Apuleius. Cicero argues for a reciprocity between the two. Seneca has a hierarchical pairing where philosophy is dominant. Apuleius’ pairing inverts the ranking.