bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploiting a living biobank to delineate mechanisms underlying disease-specific chromosome instability
Authors: Nelson Louisa , Barnes Bethany M. , Tighe Anthony , Littler Samantha , Coulson-Gilmer Camilla , Golder Anya , Desai Sudha , Morgan Robert D. , McGrail Joanne C. , Taylor Stephen S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChromosome instability (CIN) is a cancer hallmark that drives tumour heterogeneity, phenotypic adaptation, drug resistance and poor prognosis. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), one of the most chromosomally unstable tumour types, has a 5-year survival rate of only ~30% — largely due to late diagnosis and rapid development of drug resistance, e.g., via CIN-driven ABCB1 translocations. However, CIN is also a cell cycle vulnerability that can be exploited to specifically target tumour cells, illustrated by the success of PARP inhibitors to target homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). However, a lack of appropriate models with ongoing CIN has been a barrier to fully exploiting disease-specific CIN mechanisms. This barrier is now being overcome with the development of patient-derived cell cultures and organoids. In this review, we describe our progress building a Living Biobank of over 120 patient-derived ovarian cancer models (OCMs), predominantly from HGSOC. OCMs are highly purified tumour fractions with extensive proliferative potential that can be analysed at early passage. OCMs have diverse karyotypes, display intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity and mitotic abnormality rates far higher than established cell lines. OCMs encompass a broad-spectrum of HGSOC hallmarks, including a range of p53 alterations and BRCA1/2 mutations, and display drug resistance mechanisms seen in the clinic, e.g., ABCB1 translocations and BRCA2 reversion. OCMs are amenable to functional analysis, drug-sensitivity profiling, and multi-omics, including single-cell next-generation sequencing, and thus represent a platform for delineating HGSOC-specific CIN mechanisms. In turn, our vision is that this understanding will inform the design of new therapeutic strategies.
Causal link between thyroid function and schizophrenia: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Freuer Dennis , Meisinger Christa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder with inconsistent behavioral and cognitive abnormalities with profound effects on the individual and the society. Individuals with schizophrenia have altered thyroid function, but results from observational studies are conflicting. To date, it remains unclear whether and in which direction there is a causal relationship between thyroid function and schizophrenia. To investigate causal paths, a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies including up to 330,132 Europeans. Thyroid function was described by the normal-range thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine levels as well as an increased and decreased TSH status. The iterative radial inverse-variance weighted approach with modified second order weights was used as the main method. Based on a discovery and replication sample for schizophrenia, pooled effect estimates were derived using a fixed-effect meta-analysis. Robustness of results was assessed using both a range of pleiotropy robust methods and a network analysis that clustered genetic instruments potentially responsible for horizontal pleiotropy. Genetic liability for hypothyroidism was inversely associated with schizophrenia ($$\beta =-0.06$$; 95% CI: (-0.10; -0.02); $$P=0.004$$). No notable associations were observed between other thyroid parameters and schizophrenia. Furthermore, no associations could be detected in the reverse direction. Our results suggest that an elevated level of TSH reduce the risk for schizophrenia. The role of thyroid function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the development of schizophrenia should be subject of further research.
First implementation of a new cross-disciplinary observation strategy for heavy precipitation events from formation to flooding
Authors: Wieser Andreas , Güntner Andreas , Dietrich Peter , Handwerker Jan , Khordakova Dina , Ködel Uta , Kohler Martin , Mollenhauer Hannes , Mühr Bernhard , Nixdorf Erik , Reich Marvin , Rolf Christian , Schrön Martin , Schütze Claudia , Weber Ute 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeavy Precipitation Events (HPE) are the result of enormous quantities of water vapor being transported to a limited area. HPE rainfall rates and volumes cannot be fully stored on and below the land surface, often leading to floods with short forecast lead times that may cause damage to humans, properties, and infrastructure. Toward an improved scientific understanding of the entire process chain from HPE formation to flooding at the catchment scale, we propose an elaborated event-triggered observation concept. It combines flexible mobile observing systems out of the fields of meteorology, hydrology and geophysics with stationary networks to capture atmospheric transport processes, heterogeneous precipitation patterns, land surface and subsurface storage processes, and runoff dynamics. As part of the Helmholtz Research Infrastructure MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems), the effectiveness of our observation strategy is illustrated by its initial implementation in the Mueglitz river basin (210 km2), a headwater catchment of the Elbe in the Eastern Ore Mountains with historical and recent extreme flood events. Punctual radiosonde observations combined with continuous microwave radiometer measurements and back trajectory calculations deliver information about the moisture sources, and initiation and development of HPE. X-band radar observations calibrated by ground-based disdrometers and rain gauges deliver precipitation information with high spatial resolution. Runoff measurements in small sub-catchments complement the discharge time series of the operational network of gauging stations. Closing the catchment water balance at the HPE scale, however, is still challenging. While evapotranspiration is of less importance when studying short-term convective HPE, information on the spatial distribution and on temporal variations of soil moisture and total water storage by stationary and roving cosmic ray measurements and by hybrid terrestrial gravimetry offer prospects for improved quantification of the storage term of the water balance equation. Overall, the cross-disciplinary observation strategy presented here opens up new ways toward an integrative and scale-bridging understanding of event dynamics.
Associations of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with inflammatory diseases. Results from the nationwide German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)
Authors: Boemanns Lena , Staab Julia , Meyer Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Summary
Background
Despite conflicting data, some studies have suggested a pathophysiological relationship between inflammation and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods
Using data from the nationwide and representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS; n = 6922 study participants aged 11–17 years), this post hoc analysis assessed the associations between ADHD and three common inflammatory diseases.

Results
Results showed univariate associations between ADHD and lifetime inflammatory diseases including atopic dermatitis (p = 0.002), otitis media (p = 0.001), and herpes simplex infection (p = 0.032). In logistic regression models adjusted for clinically relevant confounders, we found that ADHD remained a significant predictor of all three inflammatory diseases (atopic dermatitis, Exp(β) = 1.672, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.239–2.257, p = 0.001; otitis media, Exp(β) = 1.571, 95% CI 1.209–2.040, p = 0.001; herpes simplex, Exp(β) = 1.483, 95% CI 1.137–1.933, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate a positive link between ADHD and peripheral inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis, otitis media, and herpes simplex infection. Further studies are needed to understand the exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these associations.
AI art in architecture
Authors: Ploennigs Joern , Berger Markus 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent diffusion-based AI art platforms can create impressive images from simple text descriptions. This makes them powerful tools for concept design in any discipline that requires creativity in visual design tasks. This is also true for early stages of architectural design with multiple stages of ideation, sketching and modelling. In this paper, we investigate how applicable diffusion-based models already are to these tasks. We research the applicability of the platforms Midjourney, DALL$$\cdot$$
·
E 2 and Stable Diffusion to a series of common use cases in architectural design to determine which are already solvable or might soon be. Our novel contributions are: (i) a comparison of the capabilities of public AI art platforms; (ii) a specification of the requirements for AI art platforms in supporting common use cases in civil engineering and architecture; (iii) an analysis of 85 million Midjourney queries with Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to extract common usage patterns. From this we derived (iv) a workflow for creating images for interior designs and (v) a workflow for creating views for exterior design that combines the strengths of the individual platforms.
Improving the light stability of perovskite solar cell with new hole transport material based on spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene]
Authors: Luo Huiming , Zhang Zheng , Yuan Ligang , Wang Jiarong , Li Bin , Wang Sijing , Abdi-Jalebi Mojtaba , Shi Lei , Zhang Wenjun , Guo Kunpeng , Ding Liming , Yan Keyou 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDevelopment of suitable hole transport materials is vital for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to diminish the energy barrier and minimize the potential loss. Here, a low-cost hole transport molecule named SFX-POCCF3 (23.72 $/g) is designed with a spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] (SFX) core and terminated by trifluoroethoxy units. Benefiting from the suitable energy level, high hole mobility, and better charge extraction and transport, the PSCs based on SFX-POCCF3 exhibit improved open-circuit voltage by 0.02 V, therefore, the PSC device based on SFX-POCCF3 exhibits a champion PCE of 21.48%, which is comparable with the control device of Spiro-OMeTAD (21.39%). More importantly, the SFX-POCCF3 based PSC possesses outstanding light stability, which retains 95% of the initial efficiency after about 1,000 h continuous light soaking, which is in accordance with the result continuous output at maximum power point. Whereas, Spiro-OMeTAD witnesses a rapid decrease to 80% of its original efficiency after 100 h light soaking. This work demonstrated that an efficient alignment of energy levels between HTL and perovskite will lead to significant highly efficient PSCs with remarkably enhanced light stability.
Differential gene expression profile evaluation between uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma using a machine learning approach
Authors: Upadhyay Sonal , Bhushan Ravi , Tripathi Anima , Chaubey Lavina , Diwakar Amita , Dubey Pawan K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to differentiate between uterine leiomyomas (ULM) and uterine leiomyosarcomas (ULMS) by conducting molecular differential analysis and identifying potential prognostic biomarkers for diagnosis.MethodsThe microarray datasets (GSEID: GSE64763 and GSE185543) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Data preprocessing and differential gene expressions (DEGs) analysis were performed. The DEGs were further intersected to find the common DEGs in ULM and ULMS and further validation of selected DEGs were performed. Further, a machine learning classifier was also applied in the selection of biomarkers. Protein-protein interaction network based upon STRING v 10.5, was constructed. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analyses were also performed to dissect possible functions and pathways.ResultsA total of 50 significant DEGs for ULM while 321 DEGs for ULMS have been identified with their official gene symbol. Between ULM and ULMS, a total of 14 common DEGs were identified of which 8 were up-regulated while 6 were down-regulated. The DEGs of (GSE185543) were also analyzed and the significant genes were retrieved common in both datasets for further analysis. Using a machine learning approach, 10 feature genes were identified. Using the expression profiles of these genes, a sequential minimal optimization (SMO) prediction model was built on the training set, and it accurately and reliably classified features expression in ULM and ULMS in the independent test set. Furthermore, Co- Enrichment analysis was also performed.ConclusionThe study identified several DEGs, including ZNF365, EPYC, COL11A1, SHOX2, MMP13, TNN, GPM6A, and GATA2, through cross-validation, machine learning classifier, and Co- Enrichment analysis. These candidate disease genes may provide valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms and could be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for ULM and ULMS. However, further validation of these genes is necessary to better understand their roles in the pathogenesis of ULM and ULMS.
Commemorating the Past and Performing Power: Parades of Ancestors on Caligula's Coinage
Authors: McIntyre Gwynaeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article explores the interconnection between Caligula's rehabilitation of his family and the performance of imperial power through processions as presented on three of his coin types. It argues that Caligula used the depictions of processions in connection with coin types celebrating his father, mother, and brothers to create a ‘parade of ancestors’. These coins served as portable visual reminders (monumenta) of Germanicus’pompa triumphalisof 17 CE, the inclusion of Agrippina's image into thepompa circensisas part of the honours granted to Caligula's family members upon his accession, and the likely inclusion of Nero and Drusus’ images at the head of thetransvectio equitumduring the early years of Caligula's reign. By parading his family members on his coins in this way, Caligula was able to propel himself forward by looking to and commemorating the past, thereby creating permanentmonumentaof these public performances of power.
A 7-year analysis of attributable costs of healthcare-associated infections in a network of community hospitals in the southeastern United States
Authors: Zhang Helen L. , Crane Linda , Cromer Andrea Lynn , Green Amanda , Padgette Polly , Payne Valerie C. , Roach Linda , Wood Brittain , Anderson Deverick J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe calculated the attributable cost of several healthcare-associated infections in a community hospital network: central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI-HOs) (43 hospitals); surgical site infections (SSIs) (40 hospitals). From 2016 to 2022, the total cost of CLABSIs, CAUTIs, CDI-HOs, and SSIs was $420,012,025.
Effects of monolaurin on intestinal barrier, blood biochemical profile, immunity and antioxidant function in porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus-infected piglets
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Qian , Ji Changzheng , Hu Yuyan , Yi Dan , Wu Tao , Wang Lei , Zhao Di , Hou Yongqing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effects of monolaurin (ML) on the health of piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) have not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate its role in blood biochemical profile, intestinal barrier function, antioxidant function and the expression of antiviral genes in piglets infected with PEDV. Thirty-two piglets were randomly divided into four groups: control group, ML group, PEDV group and ML + PEDV group. Piglets were orally administrated with ML at a dose of 100 mg/kg·BW for 7 d before PEDV infection. Results showed that PEDV infection significantly decreased D-xylose content and increased intestinal fatty acid-binding protein content, indicating that PEDV infection destroyed intestinal barrier and absorption function. While it could be repaired by ML administration. Moreover, ML administration significantly decreased plasma blood urea nitrogen and total protein content upon PEDV infection. These results suggested ML may increase protein utilisation efficiency. ML administration significantly decreased the number of large unstained cells and Hb and increased the number of leucocytes and eosinophils in the blood of PEDV-infected piglets, indicating ML could improve the immune defense function of the body. In the presence of PEDV infection, ML administration significantly increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in blood and colon, respectively, indicating ML could improve antioxidant capacity. Besides, ML administration reversed the expression of ISG15, IFIT3 and IL-29 throughout the small intestine and Mx1 in jejunum and ileum, indicating the body was in recovery from PEDV infection. This study suggests that ML could be used as a kind of feed additive to promote swine health upon PEDV infection.
Higher energy flux may improve short-term appetite control in adolescents with obesity: the NEXT study
Authors: Siroux Julie , Pereira Bruno , Fillon Alicia , Moore Halim , Dionnet Céline , Julian Valérie , Finlayson Graham S. , Duclos Martine , Boirie Yves , Isacco Laurie , Thivel David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent evidence suggests better appetite control in states of high-energy flux (HEF) in adults and lean children. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether this extends to youth with obesity. This study compares the effects of low, moderate or HEF on short-term appetitive control in adolescents with obesity. Sixteen adolescents with obesity (12–16 years, Tanner stages 3–5, 11 females) randomly completed three conditions: (i) low-energy flux (LEF); (ii) moderate energy flux (MEF; + 250 kcal) and (iii) HEF (HEF; + 500 kcal). Energy flux was achieved in MEF and HEF through elevated energy intake (EI) and concomitant increase in energy expenditure using cycling exercise (65 % VO2peak). Ad libitum EI, macronutrient intake and relative EI were assessed at dinner, subjective appetite sensations taken at regular intervals and food reward measured before dinner. Ad libitum EI at dinner was greater in LEF compared with HEF (P = 0·008), and relative EI (REI) was higher in LEF compared with MEF (P = 0·003) and HEF (P < 0·001). The absolute consumption of carbohydrates was lower in LEF compared with MEF (P = 0·047) and HEF (P < 0·001). Total AUC for hunger and desire to eat was lower in HEF compared with LEF (P < 0·001) and MEF (P = 0·038). Total AUC for prospective food consumption was lower on HEF compared with LEF (P = 0·004). Food choice sweet bias was higher in HEF (P = 0·005) compared with LEF. To conclude, increasing energy flux may improve short-term appetite control in adolescents with obesity.
Preclinical safety and biodistribution of CRISPR targeting SIV in non-human primates
Authors: Burdo Tricia H. , Chen Chen , Kaminski Rafal , Sariyer Ilker K. , Mancuso Pietro , Donadoni Martina , Smith Mandy D. , Sariyer Rahsan , Caocci Maurizio , Liao Shuren , Liu Hong , Huo Wenwen , Zhao Huaqing , Misamore John , Lewis Mark G. , Simonyan Vahan , Thompson Elaine E. , Xu Ethan Y. , Cradick Thomas J. , Gordon Jennifer , Khalili Kamel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrate the safety and utility of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology for in vivo editing of proviral DNA in ART-treated, virally controlled simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infected rhesus macaques, an established model for HIV infection. EBT-001 is an AAV9-based vector delivering SaCas9 and dual guide RNAs designed to target multiple regions of the SIV genome: the viral LTRs, and the Gag gene. The results presented here demonstrate that a single IV inoculation of EBT-001 at each of 3 dose levels (1.4 × 1012, 1.4 × 1013 and 1.4 × 1014 genome copies/kg) resulted in broad and functional biodistribution of AAV9-EBT-001 to known tissue reservoirs of SIV. No off-target effects or abnormal pathology were observed, and animals returned to their normal body weight after receiving EBT-001. Importantly, the macaques that received the 2 highest doses of EBT-001 showed improved absolute lymphocyte counts as compared to antiretroviral-treated controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate safety, biodistribution, and in vivo proviral DNA editing following IV administration of EBT-001, supporting the further development of CRISPR-based gene editing as a potential therapeutic approach for HIV in humans.
Gut microbiota-derived tryptamine and phenethylamine impair insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Zhai Lixiang , Xiao Haitao , Lin Chengyuan , Wong Hoi Leong Xavier , Lam Yan Y. , Gong Mengxue , Wu Guojun , Ning Ziwan , Huang Chunhua , Zhang Yijing , Yang Chao , Luo Jingyuan , Zhang Lu , Zhao Ling , Zhang Chenhong , Lau Johnson Yiu-Nam , Lu Aiping , Lau Lok-Ting , Jia Wei , Zhao Liping , Bian Zhao-Xiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe incidence of metabolic syndrome is significantly higher in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Gut microbiota is causatively linked with the development of both metabolic dysfunctions and gastrointestinal disorders, thus gut dysbiosis in IBS may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Here, we show that human gut bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus-derived tryptamine and phenethylamine play a pathogenic role in gut dysbiosis-induced insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and IBS. We show levels of R. gnavus, tryptamine, and phenethylamine are positively associated with insulin resistance in T2D patients and IBS patients. Monoassociation of R. gnavus impairs insulin sensitivity and glucose control in germ-free mice. Mechanistically, treatment of R. gnavus-derived metabolites tryptamine and phenethylamine directly impair insulin signaling in major metabolic tissues of healthy mice and monkeys and this effect is mediated by the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling axis. Our findings suggest a causal role for tryptamine/phenethylamine-producers in the development of insulin resistance, provide molecular mechanisms for the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in IBS, and highlight the TAAR1 signaling axis as a potential therapeutic target for the management of metabolic syndrome induced by gut dysbiosis.
Streamlining the synthesis of amides using Nickel-based nanocatalysts
Authors: Gao Jie , Ma Rui , Poovan Fairoosa , Zhang Lan , Atia Hanan , Kalevaru Narayana V. , Sun Wenjing , Wohlrab Sebastian , Chusov Denis A. , Wang Ning , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. , Beller Matthias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of amides is a key technology for the preparation of fine and bulk chemicals in industry, as well as the manufacture of a plethora of daily life products. Furthermore, it constitutes a central bond-forming methodology for organic synthesis and provides the basis for the preparation of numerous biomolecules. Here, we present a robust methodology for amide synthesis compared to traditional amidation reactions: the reductive amidation of esters with nitro compounds under additives-free conditions. In the presence of a specific heterogeneous nickel-based catalyst a wide range of amides bearing different functional groups can be selectively prepared in a more step-economy way compared to previous syntheses. The potential value of this protocol is highlighted by the synthesis of drugs, as well as late-stage modifications of bioactive compounds. Based on control experiments, material characterizations, and DFT computations, we suggest metallic nickel and low-valent Ti-species to be crucial factors that makes this direct amide synthesis possible.