bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La formación del profesorado para la educación lingüística y culturalmente inclusiva: relato de una experiencia de Aprendizaje-servicio en un Trabajo de Fin de Grado
Authors: Llompart-Esbert Julia , Masats Dolors 
Published: April 2023

Current educational policies, with the aim of responding to the need to manage linguistically and culturally diverse classrooms, promote an inclusive education model that requires teachers who are linguistically sensitive in their beliefs, attitudes, and actions in ordinary classrooms. For this reason, initial teacher training programmes must offer pre-service teachers the possibility of acquiring the background knowledge, the skills and the attitudes that will guarantee they can become linguistically inclusive teachers. Here we present a case study that documents the participation of a student-teacher in a Service Learning experience as part of her Final Degree Project. The need identified, by an organization devoted to teaching Catalan and Spanish to adults of immigrant origin, consisted of the development of teaching materials. The data collected comes from different sources (the written text that makes the Final Degree Project, recordings of the planning sessions, etc.) and the analysis focusses on the student teacher’s reflection processes about multilingual education. This analysis will allow us to draw conclusions regarding how linguistically sensitive teacher education should be approached.
Las políticas educativas actuales, con el objetivo de dar respuesta a la necesidad de gestionar aulas lingüística y culturalmente diversas, promueven un modelo de educación inclusiva que requiere docentes que sean lingüísticamente sensibles en sus creencias, actitudes y acciones en las aulas ordinarias. Por ello, es preciso que la formación inicial de profesorado ofrezca la posibilidad de adquirir sobre el terreno los conocimientos, las habilidades y las actitudes que les garanticen convertirse en docentes lingüísticamente inclusivas. Aquí presentamos un estudio de caso sobre la participación de una alumna en una experiencia de Aprendizaje-servicio del cual se derivará la elaboración de su Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG). La demanda, efectuada por una organización dedicada a la alfabetización de personas adultas de origen migrante, consistía en la elaboración de materiales didácticos. Los datos recogidos, que provienen de fuentes de distinta índole (el texto escrito del TFG, grabaciones de las sesiones de planificación de la intervención, etc.), permiten observar los procesos de reflexión de la alumna acerca de la educación plurilingüe. Ello nos ayudará a elaborar conclusiones relativas a cómo debería abordarse la formación de docentes lingüísticamente inclusivas.
Open-source software library for real-time inertial measurement unit data-based inverse kinematics using OpenSim
Authors: Lavikainen Jere , Vartiainen Paavo , Stenroth Lauri , Karjalainen Pasi A. 
Published: April 2023

Background
Inertial measurements (IMUs) facilitate the measurement of human motion outside the motion laboratory. A commonly used open-source software for musculoskeletal simulation and analysis of human motion, OpenSim, includes a tool to enable kinematics analysis of IMU data. However, it only enables offline analysis, i.e., analysis after the data has been collected. Extending OpenSim’s functionality to allow real-time kinematics analysis would allow real-time feedback for the subject during the measurement session and has uses in e.g., rehabilitation, robotics, and ergonomics.

Methods
We developed an open-source software library for real-time inverse kinematics (IK) analysis of IMU data using OpenSim. The software library reads data from IMUs and uses multithreading for concurrent calculation of IK. Its operation delays and throughputs were measured with a varying number of IMUs and parallel computing IK threads using two different musculoskeletal models, one a lower-body and torso model and the other a full-body model. We published the code under an open-source license on GitHub.

Results
A standard desktop computer calculated full-body inverse kinematics from treadmill walking at 1.5 m/s with data from 12 IMUs in real-time with a mean delay below 55 ms and reached a throughput of more than 90 samples per second. A laptop computer had similar delays and reached a throughput above 60 samples per second with treadmill walking. Minimal walking kinematics, motion of lower extremities and torso, were calculated from treadmill walking data in real-time with a throughput of 130 samples per second on the laptop and 180 samples per second on the desktop computer, with approximately half the delay of full-body kinematics.

Conclusions
The software library enabled real-time inverse kinematical analysis with different numbers of IMUs and customizable musculoskeletal models. The performance results show that subject-specific full-body motion analysis is feasible in real-time, while a laptop computer and IMUs allowed the use of the method outside the motion laboratory.
Multiphase Polarization in Ion‐Intercalation Nanofilms: General Theory Including Various Surface Effects and Memory Applications
Authors: Tian Huanhuan , Li Ju , Bazant Martin Z. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIon concentration polarization (CP, current‐induced concentration gradient adjacent to a charge‐selective interface) has been well studied for single‐phase mixed conductors (e.g., liquid electrolyte), but multiphase CP has been rarely addressed in literature. In our recent publication, we proposed that CP above certain threshold currents can flip the phase distribution in multiphase ion‐intercalation nanofilms sandwiched by ion‐blocking electrodes. This phenomenon is known as multiphase polarization (MP). It is then proposed that MP can further lead to nonvolatile interfacial resistive switching (RS) for asymmetric electrodes with ion‐modulated electron transfer, which theory can reproduce the experimental results of LTO memristors. In this study, a comprehensive 2D phase‐field model is derived for coupled ion‐electron transport in ion‐intercalation materials, with surface effects including electron transfer kinetics, non‐neutral wetting, energy relaxation, and surface charge. Then, the model is used to study MP. Time evolution of phase boundaries is presented, and analyze the switching time, current, energy, and cyclic voltammetry, for various boundary conditions. It is found that the switching performance can be improved significantly by manipulating surface conditions and mean concentration. Finally, the prospects of MP‐based memories and possible extensions of the current model is discussed.
Light Controlled Biohybrid Microbots
Authors: Pellicciotta Nicola , Bagal Ojus Satish , Sosa Viridiana Carmona , Frangipane Giacomo , Vizsnyiczai Gaszton , Leonardo Roberto Di 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiohybrid microbots integrate biological actuators and sensors into synthetic chassis with the aim of providing the building blocks of next‐generation micro‐robotics. One of the main challenges is the development of self‐assembled systems with consistent behavior and such that they can be controlled independently to perform complex tasks. Herein, it is shown that, using light‐driven bacteria as propellers, 3D printed microbots can be steered by unbalancing light intensity over different microbot parts. An optimal feedback loop is designed in which a central computer projects onto each microbot a tailor‐made light pattern, calculated from its position and orientation. In this way, multiple microbots can be independently guided through a series of spatially distributed checkpoints. By exploiting a natural light‐driven proton pump, these bio‐hybrid microbots are able to extract mechanical energy from light with such high efficiency that, in principle, hundreds of these systems can be controlled simultaneously with a total optical power of just a few milliwatts.
In Situ Device‐Level TEM Characterization Based on Ultra‐Flexible Multilayer MoS2 Micro‐Cantilever
Authors: Hou Chaojian , Wang Kun , Zhang Wenqi , Chen Donglei , Wang Xiaokai , Fan Lu , Li Chunyang , Zhao Jing , Dong Lixin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurrent state‐of‐the‐art in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization technology has been capable of statically or dynamically nanorobotic manipulating specimens, affording abundant atom‐level material attributes. However, an insurmountable barrier between material attributes investigations and device‐level application explorations exists due to immature in situ TEM manufacturing technology and sufficient external coupled stimulus. These limitations seriously prevent the development of in situ device‐level TEM characterization. Herein, a representative in situ opto‐electromechanical TEM characterization platform is put forward by integrating an ultra‐flexible micro‐cantilever chip with optical, mechanical, and electrical coupling fields for the first time. On this platform, static and dynamic in situ device‐level TEM characterizations are implemented by utilizing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflake as channel material. E‐beam modulation behavior in MoS2 transistors is demonstrated at ultra‐high e‐beam acceleration voltage (300 kV), stemming from inelastic scattering electron doping into MoS2 nanoflakes. Moreover, in situ dynamic bending MoS2 nanodevices without/with laser irradiation reveals asymmetric piezoresistive properties based on electromechanical effects and secondary enhanced photocurrent based on opto‐electromechanical coupling effects, accompanied by real‐time monitoring atom‐level characterization. This approach provides a step toward advanced in situ device‐level TEM characterization technology with excellent perception ability and inspires in situ TEM characterization with ultra‐sensitive force feedback and light sensing.
Insight into Highly Graphitic Hollow Spheres for Superior Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Pan Quanrong , Liu Suqin , Yang Yuliang , Ye Guanying , Tang Xincun , Wang Jue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGraphite is an attractive anode material for low‐cost potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), which are highly promising in addressing the urgent demand for large‐scale energy storage systems. However, the large volume variation of graphite during the potassiation/depotassiation may lead to poor long‐term stability, which is unfavorable for commercialization. Herein, highly graphitic hollow spheres (HGHS) are designed by using D‐ribose as the carbon source and Fe‐based catalysts to address these issues, and the effect of graphitization degree on potassium storage performance is explored, which is rarely reported. Fe‐based catalysts can promote graphitization of carbon layer and function as a hard template for manufacturing hollow and spherical architecture. HGHS possess a high porosity, which provides good contact when the liquid electrolyte infiltrates throughout the material. HGHS synthesized with a suitable amount of Fe‐based catalysts display highly graphitic hollow carbon spheres and show a superior potassium storage performance (264 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1). The hollow carbon sphere structure and highly graphitic carbon layer endows HGHS with outstanding stability, retaining 87% of the capacity after 500 cycles at 200 mA g−1. This study provides an effective strategy in designing highly graphitic hollow nanostructures for addressing the instability issues of graphite anode in PIBs.
Out‐Of‐Plane Electrokinetics via Pumping Potential Achieved by 100 nm‐Thin Polyethylene Nanomembranes
Authors: Sun Weilong , Wang Zirui , Yang Kailin , Chen Jingyu , Wu Kai , Li Faming , Liu Mingzhen , Chen Zhongxin , Zhang Qin , Li Runlai , Fu Qiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDroplet‐induced electricity generation, as one of the most emerging environmental energy harvesting technologies, is extensively investigated for nearly a decade. Its interaction between ions (in droplets), electrons (in conductors, e.g., graphene), and charges (on the substrate surface) is the key to electricity generation. However, the indirect interaction between ions and charges due to the shielding effect from conductors, inevitably suppresses device performance and limits conductor selection. Herein, the above issues are addressed by proposing an out‐of‐plane electrokinetic effect based on a 100 nm‐thick negatively charged polyethylene nanomembrane, providing direct interactions between ions and charges, with the shielding effect of conductors eliminated. This new form of electrokinetics can induce a persistent potential for 6 h and a specific power of 177.2 nW µL−1 (highest droplet‐induced electrokinetics). With new device topologies and extensive conductor materials unlocked, this work provides a new concept and expanded scope for electrokinetic applications.
Stress exposure in specific growth periods associates with children's weight, height, and body mass index
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Nogueira Helena , Gama Augusta , Silva Maria‐Raquel G. , Bogin Barry , Padez Cristina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe investigate associations between children exposure to stressful events, considering: (1) the period in which the event took place, (2) the type of event, and (3) the cumulative effect of the events on children's weight, height and body mass index (BMI).MethodsA total of 8429 Portuguese children (3349 exposed to at least one stressful event during their lifetime; 50.2% males; mean age = 7.21 ± 1.85 years) were included in the analysis. The occurrence of stressful (i.e., adverse) events was reported in a parental questionnaire; children's weight and height were objectively measured.ResultsWhen the stress event took place in the first 2 years of life, compared with during pregnancy or after the 2 years, children were shorter; but the association was weak and only significant for boys. After adjustment for child's birthweight, gestational age, breastfeeding duration, number of siblings, and father's education, the experience of 3+ stressful events (vs. 1 or 2) was associated with higher weight and height in boys. No interaction effect was found between stress and BMI.DiscussionWe found some evidence of associations between exposure to stressful events and physical growth of boys. We highlight the complex relationship between exposure to stressful experiences and children's physical growth, particularly the different effects of specific characteristics of the stress event and the sex differences.
DNA‐Based Artificial Receptors as Transmembrane Signal Transduction Systems for Protocellular Communication
Authors: Chen Hui , Xu Wanyu , Shi Hui , Qiao Yan , He Xiaoxiao , Zheng Jing , Zhou Shaohong , Yang Xiaohai , Wang Kemin , Liu Jianbo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ability to reproduce signal transduction and cellular communication in artificial cell systems is significant in synthetic protobiology. Here, we describe an artificial transmembrane signal transduction through low pH‐mediated formation of the i‐motif and dimerization of DNA‐based artificial membrane receptors, which is coupled to the occurrence of fluorescence resonance energy transfer and the activation of G‐quadruplex/hemin‐mediated fluorescence amplification inside giant unilamellar vesicles. Moreover, an intercellular signal communication model is established when the extravesicular H+ input is replaced by coacervate microdroplets, which activate the dimerization of the artificial receptors, and subsequent fluorescence production or polymerization in giant unilamellar vesicles. This study represents a crucial step towards designing artificial signalling systems with environmental response, and provides an opportunity to establish signalling networks in protocell colonies.
Overcoming the Trade‐Off between C2H2 Sorption and Separation Performance by Regulating Metal‐Alkyne Chemical Interaction in Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Tan Yan‐Xi , Lin Jing , Li Qiao‐Hong , Li Liqiong , Anil Borse Rahul , Lu Weigang , Wang Yaobing , Yuan Daqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDesigning porous materials for C2H2 purification and safe storage is essential research for industrial utilization. We emphatically regulate the metal‐alkyne interaction of PdII and PtII on C2H2 sorption and C2H2/CO2 separation in two isostructural NbO metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Pd/Cu‐PDA and Pt/Cu‐PDA. The experimental investigations and systematic theoretical calculations reveal that PdII in Pd/Cu‐PDA undergoes spontaneous chemical reaction with C2H2, leading to irreversible structural collapse and loss of C2H2/CO2 sorption and separation. Contrarily, PtII in Pt/Cu‐PDA shows strong di‐σ bond interaction with C2H2 to form specific π‐complexation, contributing to high C2H2 capture (28.7 cm3 g−1 at 0.01 bar and 153 cm3 g−1 at 1 bar). The reusable Pt/Cu‐PDA efficiently separates C2H2 from C2H2/CO2 mixtures with satisfying selectivity and C2H2 capacity (37 min g−1). This research provides valuable insight into designing high‐performance MOFs for gas sorption and separation.
Optimizing Membranes for Osmotic Power Generation
Authors: Chu Chien‐Wei , Fauziah Amalia Rizki , Yeh Li‐Hsien 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe design of ion‐selective membranes is the key towards efficient reverse electrodialysis‐based osmotic power conversion. The tradeoff between ion selectivity (output voltage) and ion permeability (output current) in existing porous membranes, however, limits the upgradation of power generation efficiency for practical applications. Thus, we provide the simple guidelines based on fundamentals of ion transport in nanofluidics for promoting osmotic power conversion. In addition, we discuss strategies for optimizing membrane performance through analysis of various material parameters in membrane design, such as pore size, surface charge, pore density, membrane thickness, ion pathway, pore order, and ionic diode effect. Lastly, a perspective on the future directions of membrane design to further maximize the efficiency of osmotic power conversion is outlined.
Ligand‐Controlled Stereoselective Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2‐Exomethylene Pseudo‐glycoconjugates: Discovery of Mincle‐Selective Ligands
Authors: Ikazaki Takahiro , Ishikawa Eri , Tamashima Hiroto , Akiyama Hisako , Kimuro Yusuke , Yoritate Makoto , Matoba Hiroaki , Imamura Akihiro , Ishida Hideharu , Yamasaki Sho , Hirai Go 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlycoconjugate analogues in which the sp3‐hybridized C2 position of the carbohydrate structure (normally bearing a hydroxy group) is converted into a compact sp2‐hybridized exomethylene group are expected to have unique biological activities. We established ligand‐controlled Tsuji–Trost‐type glycosylation methodology to directly prepare a variety of these 2‐exomethylene pseudo‐glycoconjugates, including glucosylceramide analogues, in an α‐ or β‐selective manner. Glucocerebrosidase GBA1 cleaves these synthetic pseudo‐β‐glucosylceramides similarly to native glucosylceramides. The pseudo‐glucosylceramides exhibit selective ligand activity towards macrophage‐inducible C‐type lectin (Mincle), but unlike native glucosylceramides, are inactive towards CD1d.
Origin of the Hydrophobic Behaviour of Hydrophilic CeO2
Authors: Agosta Lorenzo , Arismendi‐Arrieta Daniel , Dzugutov Mikhail , Hermansson Kersti 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe nature of the hydrophobicity found in rare‐earth oxides is intriguing. The CeO2 (100) surface, despite its strongly hydrophilic nature, exhibits hydrophobic behaviour when immersed in water. In order to understand this puzzling and counter‐intuitive effect we performed a detailed analysis of the confined water structure and dynamics. We report here an ab‐initio molecular dynamics simulation (AIMD) study which demonstrates that the first adsorbed water layer, in immediate contact with the hydroxylated CeO2 surface, generates a hydrophobic interface with respect to the rest of the liquid water. The hydrophobicity is manifested in several ways: a considerable diffusion enhancement of the confined liquid water as compared with bulk water at the same thermodynamic condition, a weak adhesion energy and few H‐bonds above the hydrophobic water layer, which may also sustain a water droplet. These findings introduce a new concept in water/rare‐earth oxide interfaces: hydrophobicity mediated by specific water patterns on a hydrophilic surface.
Preparation of superhydrophobic surface from raspberry like particles of bifunctional polyssesquioxane
Authors: Mai Chongyang , Lv Chengcheng , Yang Li , Guo Yawen , Zhao Lielun , Jiang Yan , Zhang Hongwen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, we selected MTMS and ETMS as mixed precursors to generate polysiloxane particles on the surface of styrene copolymer microspheres, forming raspberry‐like particles. The best experimental formula was obtained by orthogonal test. When the ratio of MTMS and ETMS was 3:1, the hydrophobic properties of composite particles reached the best, with a water contact angle (WCA) of 163° and a WSA of 3°. The hydrophobic models of raspberry particles were established. And the influence of gas–liquid contact components, surface roughness and precursor ratio on hydrophobic properties was clarified by theoretical calculation, Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The prepared superhydrophobic surface shows great application potential in self‐cleaning, antifouling and other fields.
Thermodynamic Understanding of Impurity Phase Segregation in a PdCrO2/CuCrO2 Heterostructure
Authors: Ichibha Tom , Yoon Sangmoon , Ok Jong Mok , Yoon Mina , Lee Ho Nyung , Reboredo Fernando A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPdCrO2 films are synthesized on CuCrO2 buffer layers on Al2O3 substrates. This synthesis is accompanied by impurity phase segregation, which hampers the synthesis of high quality PdCrO2 films. Potential causes ofth impurity phase segregation are studied by using a combination of experiments and ab initio calculations. X‐ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments reveal impurity phases of CuxPd1 − x alloy and chromium oxides, Cr2O3 and Cr3O4, in PdCrO2. Calculations determine that oxygen deficiency can cause the impurity phase segregation. Therefore, preventing oxygen release from delafossites can suppress the impurity phase segregation. The amounts of Cr2O3 and Cr3O4 depend on temperature and oxygen partial pressure. A reasonable theory‐based explanation for this experimental observation is provided.
Regulation and function of poised mRNAs in lymphocytes
Authors: Turner Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPre‐existing but untranslated or ‘poised’ mRNA exists as a means to rapidly induce the production of specific proteins in response to stimuli and as a safeguard to limit the actions of these proteins. The translation of poised mRNA enables immune cells to express quickly genes that enhance immune responses. The molecular mechanisms that repress the translation of poised mRNA and, upon stimulation, enable translation have yet to be elucidated. They likely reflect intrinsic properties of the mRNAs and their interactions with trans‐acting factors that direct poised mRNAs away from or into the ribosome. Here, I discuss mechanisms by which this might be regulated.