bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala responses to threat in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Feola Brandee , Flook Elizabeth A. , Gardner Hannah , Phan K. Luan , Gwirtsman Harry , Olatunji Bunmi , Blackford Jennifer Urbano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) significantly impacts many veterans. Although PTSD has been linked to alterations in the fear brain network, the disorder likely involves alterations in both the fear and anxiety networks. Fear involves responses to imminent, predictable threat and is driven by the amygdala, whereas anxiety involves responses to potential, unpredictable threat and engages the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The BNST has been implicated in PTSD, but the role of the BNST in combat veterans with PTSD has yet to be examined. Identifying alterations in BNST responses to unpredictable threat could provide important new targets for treatment. The current study examined whether veterans with PTSD have altered BNST or amygdala responses (function and connectivity) to unpredictable and predictable threat. The fMRI task involved viewing predictable threat cues followed by threat images, predictable neutral cues followed by neutral images, and unpredictable threat cues followed by either a threat or neutral image. Participants included 32 combat‐exposed veterans with PTSD and 13 combat‐exposed controls without PTSD. Across all conditions, veterans with PTSD had heightened BNST activation and displayed stronger BNST and amygdala connectivity with multiple fear and anxiety regions (hypothalamus, hippocampus, insula, ventromedial prefrontal cortex) relative to controls. In contrast, combat controls showed a pattern of stronger connectivity during neutral conditions (e.g., BNST‐vmPFC), which may suggest a neural signature of resilience to developing PTSD, ηp2 = .087–.527, ps < .001. These findings have implications for understanding fear and anxiety networks that may contribute to the development and maintenance of PTSD.
Female and low‐ and middle‐income authorship trends in high‐impact ENT journals (2011–2020)
Authors: Jashek‐Ahmed Farizeh , Daudu Davina , Heer Baveena , Ali Hawa , Wiedermann Joshua , Seguya Amina ,   Members of the Global OHNS Initiative (globalohns.org)
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite a recent drive to increase diversity, the global academic workforce is skewed in favor of authors from high‐income countries, and women are under‐represented in the published medical literature.ObjectivesTo explore the trends in authorship of three high‐impact otolaryngology journals over a ten‐year period (2011–2020).MethodsJournals selected: JAMA Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, The Laryngoscope and Rhinology. Articles were reviewed from four issues per journal per year, and data was collected on: time of publication; subspeciality; number of authors; sex of first and last authors; country of practice of first author and country where each study was conducted. Trends were examined though univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Results2998 articles were included. 93.9% of first authors and 94.2% of studies were from high‐income countries.Women were first authors in 31.5% (n = 912) and senior authors in 18.4% (n = 524) of articles. Female first authorship significantly increased between 2011 and 2020 however female senior authorship remained the same. There have been no significant changes in the proportion of published articles from low‐and middle‐income countries (LMIC) over time (p = .65). Amongst the LMIC articles, 72% came from Brazil, Turkey or China and there were no published papers from countries with a low‐income economy (gross national income per capita of $1085 or less).ConclusionsAlthough female first authorship has increased in the last decade, there has been minimal other demographic change in authorship over this time. High‐impact otolaryngology journals poorly represent academia in low‐and‐middle income countries. There is a need for increased advocacy promoting gender and geographical research equity in academic medicine.Level of EvidenceIII.
Computing Liquid‐Crystal Photonics Platform Enabled Wavefront Sensing
Authors: Liu Shuoqing , Fan Fan , Chen Shizhen , Wen Shuangchun , Luo Hailu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDetecting the wavefront of photons in an efficient and accurate way is crucial to retrieve the information of an optical field. Liquid crystal (LC) possesses strong ability to manipulate the phase and polarization of photons with high diffraction efficiency and therefore offers a promising avenue toward this aim. In this paper, LC performing analog optical processing is explored and a computing LC platform is proposed to implement the wavefront sensing via tuned bias retardation. It is demonstrated that precisely introducing a tiny Pancharatnam–Berry phase by LC can achieve flexible separation of two spin components with high resolution. Modulating the retardation by rotation of an analyzer, the computing LC platform is used to reconstruct wavefronts with phase‐contrast patterns. In particular, combining this scheme with microscopy can precisely retrieve a micro‐scale phase distribution. The result suggests that the computing LC platform can perform as a wavefront sensor with high efficiency and may open up new opportunities in the applications of precision metrology, real‐time analog optical processing, and high‐contrast microscopy.
Long‐Term Intake of Folate, Vitamin B6, and Vitamin B12 and the Incidence of Parkinson's Disease in a Sample of U.S. Women and Men
Authors: Flores‐Torres Mario H. , Christine Chadwick W. , Bjornevik Kjetil , Molsberry Samantha A. , Hung Albert Y. , Healy Brian C. , Blacker Deborah , Schwarzschild Michael A. , Ascherio Alberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundFolate and vitamins B6 and B12 have been proposed as protective against the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Two prior longitudinal studies were inconclusive.ObjectiveThe aim was to examine the association of long‐term intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with the incidence of PD.MethodsThe study population comprised 80,965 women (Nurses' Health Study, 1984–2016) and 48,837 men (Health Professionals Follow‐up Study, 1986–2016) followed prospectively for the development of PD. Intake of B vitamins was measured at baseline and every 4 years thereafter using food frequency questionnaires. We estimated the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PD based on quintiles of cumulative average intake adjusting for potential confounders. Secondary analyses considered different lagged exposure periods as well as baseline and recent intakes.ResultsIn separate analyses of cumulative average intake, total folate, B6, and B12 were not associated with the risk of PD. Results from 8‐, 12‐, and 16‐year lag analyses were consistent with these findings. Results for baseline intake of folate and B6 also pointed toward a null association. In contrast, a lower PD risk was observed among individuals with higher baseline total intake of B12 (pooled HR top vs. bottom quintile: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67–0.95; P‐trend = 0.01); results from 20‐year lag analyses were consistent with this finding.ConclusionsOur results do not support the hypothesis that a higher intake of folate or vitamin B6 would reduce PD risk in this population. Our results provide moderate support for a possible protective effect of vitamin B12 on the development of PD. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Douchi Peptides VY and SFLLR Improve Glucose Homeostasis and Gut Dysbacteriosis in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Insulin Resistant Mice
Authors: Yu Songfeng , Wang Wenjun , Wang Han , Bu Tingting , Liu Ling , Zhao Runan , Li Shanshan , Liu Donghong , Wu Jianping 
Published: March 2023

ScopeTwo peptides VY (Val‐Tyr) and SFLLR (Ser‐Phe‐Leu‐Leu‐Arg) are recently identified from soy‐fermented douchi with hypoglycemic activity in cells. The study aims to understand their potential effects on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well as their mechanisms of action in a high‐fat diet (HFD) induced insulin resistant model.Methods and resultsC57BL/6 mice are fed HFD for 8 weeks, followed by peptide supplementation (doses: 10 and 50 mg kg−1 body weight) for 8 weeks. Peptides supplementation, especially SFLLR, reduces body weight gain, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, inflammation, liver injury, and lipid accumulation. In both muscle and liver, both peptides activate glycogen synthase (GS), the key enzyme for glycogen synthesis, and also inhibit phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6‐phosphatase (G6PC), two rate‐limiting enzymes for gluconeogenesis, via insulin and AMPK (5'‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase) signaling pathways. Furthermore, VY and SFLLR supplementation reverse HFD‐induced gut dysbacteriosis by decreasing the abundance of Enterococcus, Oscillibacter, and Deferribacter, and also increase the abundances of Alistipes, Lactobacillus, Faecalibaculum, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacterium (usually beneficial in the intestine).ConclusionThe study reveals the potential applications of peptides VY and SFLLR as a diet‐based strategy for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Diallyl Trisulfide, a Major Bioactive Constituent of Garlic, Promotes Colonic Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis through Accelerating Focal Adhesion Assembly and Consequent Epithelial Cell Migration via the Rab21‐Integrin β1‐Fak Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Guo Yilei , Zhang Qin , Zhu Yanrong , Xia Yufeng , Wei Zhifeng , Dai Yue 
Published: March 2023

ScopeColonic mucosal healing is the terminal goal for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC), but there is currently no specific drug available. This study investigates the beneficial effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) on the colonic mucosal healing.Methods and resultsDextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is used to induce colitis in female C57BL/6 mice, and DATS is orally administered during the recovery period. DATS hardly impacts the inflammation of the colonic tissues, but significantly promotes the mucosal repair. DATS promotes the migration but not proliferation of colonic epithelial cells in the colitis mice. In addition, DATS accelerates the wound healing, cell migration, focal adhesion assembly, and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) of colonic epithelial cells in vitro, which are evidently reversed by combined use of FAK inhibitor PF‐573228. Similar results are shown in colitis mice. Mechanically, DATS promotes the binding of Rab21 to integrin β1 and accelerates the endocytosis of integrin β1, which is significantly attenuated by the knockdown of Rab21.ConclusionsDATS promotes the binding of Rab21 to integrin β1 and the endocytosis of integrin β1, thereby increases FAK phosphorylation and focal adhesion assembly, finally accelerates the migration of colonic epithelial cells and mucosal healing.
Fucosylated Human Milk Oligosaccharides Drive Structure‐Specific Syntrophy between Bifidobacterium infantis and Eubacterium hallii within a Modeled Infant Gut Microbiome
Authors: Dedon Liv R. , Hilliard Margaret A. , Rani Asha , Daza‐Merchan Zunny Tatiana , Story Galaxie , Briere Carrie‐Ellen , Sela David A. 
Published: March 2023

ScopeFucosylated human milk oligosaccharides (fHMOs) are metabolized by Bifidobacterium infantis and promote syntrophic interactions between microbiota that colonize the infant gut. The role of fHMO structure on syntrophic interactions and net microbiome function is not yet fully understood.Methods and resultsMetabolite production and microbial populations are tracked during mono‐ and co‐culture fermentations of 2ʹfucosyllactose (2ʹFL) and difucosyllactose (DFL) by two B. infantis strains and Eubacterium hallii. This is also conducted in an in vitro modeled microbiome supplemented by B. infantis and/or E. hallii. Metabolites are quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Total B. infantis and E. hallii populations are quantified through qRT‐PCR and community composition through 16S amplicon sequencing. Differential metabolism of 2ʹFL and DFL by B. infantis strains gives rise to strain‐ and fHMO structure‐specific syntrophy with E. hallii. Within the modeled microbial community, fHMO structure does not strongly alter metabolite production in aggregate, potentially due to functional redundancy within the modeled community. In contrast, community composition is dependent on fHMO structure.ConclusionWhereas short chain fatty acid production is not significantly altered by the specific fHMO structure introduced to the modeled community, specific fHMO structure influences the composition of the gut microbiome.
Associations between lower extremity muscle fat fraction and motor performance in myotonic dystrophy type 2: A pilot study
Authors: Madrid Diana A. , Knapp Rebecca A. , Lynch Delanie , Clemens Paula , Weaver Ashley A. , Puwanant Araya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAlthough muscle structure measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been used to assess disease severity in muscular dystrophies, little is known about how these measures are affected in myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2). We aim to characterize lower extremity muscle fat fraction (MFF) as a potential biomarker of disease severity, and evaluate its relationship with motor performance in DM2.Methods3‐Tesla MRIs were obtained from nine patients with DM2 and six controls using a T1W‐Dixon protocol. To calculate MFF, muscle volumes were segmented from proximal, middle, and distal regions of the thigh and calf. Associations between MFF and motor performance were calculated using Spearman's correlations (ρ).ResultsMean age of DM2 participants was 62 ± 11 y (89% female), and mean symptom duration was 20 ± 12 y. Compared to controls, the DM2 group had significantly higher MFF in the thigh and the calf segments (p‐value = .002). The highest MFF at the thigh in DM2 was located in the posterior compartment (39.7 ± 12.9%) and at the calf was the lateral compartment (31.5 ± 8.7%). In the DM2 group, we found a strong correlation between the posterior thigh MFF and the 6‐min walk test (ρ = −.90,p‐value = .001). The lateral calf MFF was also strongly correlated with the step test (ρ = −0.82,p‐value = .006).DiscussionOur pilot data suggest a potential correlation between lower extremity MFF and some motor performance tests in DM2. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate MFF as a marker of disease severity in DM2.
Estimating Cause-Specific Mortality and Survival of Juvenile Fall Chinook Salmon: An Investigation of Avian Predation across Large Spatial Scales
Authors: Payton Quinn , Fryer Jeffrey , Garrison Tommy , Evans Allen F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To investigate the effects of piscivorous colonial waterbird predation on juvenile salmonids (smolts) and to determine what proportion of all sources of smolt mortality was due to predation, we analyzed a data set describing fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha that were marked with PIT tags in the Columbia River, USA. We used a state-space Bayesian model that incorporated live detections of tagged fish and recoveries of tags from dead fish to jointly estimate predation and survival over multiple river reaches and years (2008–2019). By incorporating recoveries of tags on bird colonies, the model was also able to increase the precision and spatial extent of survival estimates compared with a more traditional capture–recapture model. Results indicated that the avian predation probability (proportion of available fish consumed) varied depending on the predator species, colony location, and the fish's rearing type. Estimates of cumulative predation probability ranged annually from 0.066 (95% credible interval = 0.049–0.089) to 0.283 (0.210–0.419), and predation accounted for 7.3% (4.3–11.9%) to 29.1% (19.7–40.2%) of all sources of smolt mortality during out-migration to Bonneville Dam. Probabilities of predation on wild smolts were significantly higher than those for hatchery smolts in most river reaches and years. Predation probabilities were the highest for colonies of American white pelicans Pelecanus erythrorhynchos and double-crested cormorants Nannopterum auritum, which were located near where wild smolts rear and congregate. Estimates of predation by Caspian terns Hydroprogne caspia, California gulls Larus californicus, and ring-billed gulls L. delawarensis were often &lt;0.03 of available smolts annually. Collectively, results indicated that the cumulative effects of predation on Chinook Salmon smolts were substantial in some but not all river reaches and years. Future models that consider biological and environmental factors influencing smolt susceptibility to avian predation may provide a more holistic understanding of the degree to which predation limits fish survival.
Effect of a blended learning design in an undergraduate nursing electrocardiogram course: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Jiang Li , Wang Duoduo , Yan Jie , Yang Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThe study aimed to explore learning achievement and students' satisfaction with a blended learning (BL) electrocardiogram (ECG) education programme in undergraduate nursing education.DesignThis was a quasi‐experimental post‐test design.MethodsThe study was conducted during semester one of the academic year 2020/2021. Participants were divided into two groups: the BL group and face‐to‐face (FTF) group. The BL group received the newly designed BL programme. The FTF group received the traditional learning methods. Post‐test measures of the study variables such as knowledge, study time and satisfaction were conducted. Chi‐square (χ2) test was used to evaluate categorical variables. The Mann–Whitney test was used to analyse continuous variables.ResultsParticipants in BL group had significantly higher scores in ECG interpretation and total score. No significant differences in foundational knowledge between the two groups were found. Study time was significantly longer in the BL group. Regarding satisfaction, significant differences were found in structure rationality and promotion of self‐learning.
The functionality of unit practice councils and its relationship with nurses' accountability: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Abu Dawass Mohammad , Khrais Huthaifah , Rayan Ahmad , Jaber Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived unit practice councils' functionality and nurses' accountability in Saudi Arabia.DesignA descriptive, correlational and cross‐sectional design was used.MethodsConvenience sampling of 160 nurses working in multiple sites of a large, tertiary medical centre in Saudi Arabia was performed. Structured self‐administered questionnaires were used to measure perceived unit practice council functionality and levels of nurse accountability.ResultsNurses perceived that unit practice councils had moderate levels of functionality; however, nurses had high levels of accountability. Also, perceived unit practice councils' functionality had a significant positive relationship with nurses' accountability (r = 0.49, p < 0.001). More studies are needed to investigate the impact of different shared governance models on nurses' work environments.
Last Glacial Maximum cryogenic calcite deposits in an alluvial fan at Villetoureix, southwest France
Authors: Bertran Pascal , Couchoud Isabelle , Charlier Karine , Hatté Christine , Lefrais Yannick , Limondin‐Lozouet Nicole , Queffelec Alain 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe origin of white calcite silts forming 0.5 to 3‐cm‐thick lenses in alluvial fan deposits 14C‐dated to the Last Glacial Maximum in the Dronne Valley (Dordogne, southwest France) is investigated using microscopic imagery, chemistry, and O and C stable isotopes. The calcite silts, composed mainly of aggregates of 3–5‐μm euhedral crystals, do not resemble secondary precipitations of pedological origin because of the strata‐like pattern and the lack of clearly identifiable biological structures. Their association with evidence of ice formation in the soil (platy structure, involutions) suggests that they were deposited in a deep seasonal frost context. Their isotopic composition differs significantly from those of detrital carbonates and of Holocene bioprecipitation and seems to be best explained by precipitation under closed‐system conditions. Calculation of the isotopic composition of calcite that would have formed in equilibrium with groundwater of regional LGM aquifers provides values that are in the range of the composition of the calcite silts for a precipitation temperature close to 0°C. Therefore, these deposits are interpreted as cryogenic calcite precipitated from waters close to saturation with respect to calcite freezing at the base of/within icings or within the ground, possibly from frost blisters. Similar calcite precipitation at the outlet of karstic springs may have been abundant in the calcareous terrains of southwest France during the LGM, although still unrecognized in the geological record.
Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic profiling of sonicate fluid differentiates Staphylococcus aureus periprosthetic joint infection from non‐infectious failure: A pilot study
Authors: Fisher Cody R. , Mangalaparthi Kiran K. , Greenwood‐Quaintance Kerryl E. , Abdel Matthew P. , Pandey Akhilesh , Patel Robin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeThis pilot study aimed to use proteomic profiling of sonicate fluid samples to compare host response during Staphylococcus aureus‐associated periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and non‐infected arthroplasty failure (NIAF) and identify potential novel biomarkers differentiating the two.Experimental designIn this pilot study, eight sonicate fluid samples (four from NIAF and four from S. aureus PJI) were studied. Samples were reduced, alkylated, and trypsinized overnight, followed by analysis using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) on a high‐resolution Orbitrap Eclipse mass spectrometer. MaxQuant software suite was used for protein identification, filtering, and label‐free quantitation.ResultsPrincipal component analysis of the identified proteins clearly separated S. aureus PJI and NIAF samples. Overall, 810 proteins were identified based on their detection in at least three out of four samples from each group; 35 statistically significant differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were found (two‐sample t‐test p‐values ≤0.05 and log2fold‐change values ≥2 or ≤−2). Gene ontology pathway analysis found that microbial defense responses, specifically those related to neutrophil activation, to be increased in S. aureus PJI compared to NIAF samples.Conclusion and clinical relevanceProteomic profiling of sonicate fluid using LC‐MS/MS differentiated S. aureus PJI and NIAF in this pilot study. Further work is needed using a larger sample size and including non‐S. aureus PJI and a diversty of NIAF‐types.