bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes in patients with low-flow very low-gradient aortic stenosis
Authors: Ueyama Hiroki A , Chopra Lakshay , Dalsania Ankur , Prandi Francesca Romana , Sharma Samin K , Kini Annapoorna , Lerakis Stamatios 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
In patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), low-flow low-gradient (LG) is a known predictor of worse outcomes. However, very LG may represent a distinct population with further cardiac dysfunction. It is unknown whether this population benefits from transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We aimed to describe the patient characteristics and clinical outcomes of low-flow very LG severe AS.

Methods and results
This single-centre study included all patients with low-flow severe AS between 2019 and 2021. Patients were divided into groups with very LG [mean pressure gradient (MPG) ≤ 20 mmHg], LG (20 &lt; MPG &lt; 40 mmHg), and high-gradient (HG) (MPG ≥ 40 mmHg). Composite endpoint of all-cause mortality and heart failure rehospitalization was compared. A total of 662 patients [very LG 130 (20%); LG 339 (51%); HG 193 (29%)] were included. Median follow-up was 12 months. Very LG cohort had a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (45% vs. 57% vs. 60%; P &lt; 0.001). There was a graded increase in the risk of composite endpoint in the lower MPG strata (P &lt; 0.001). Among those who underwent TAVR, very LG was an independent predictor of the composite endpoint (adjusted HR 2.42 [1.29–4.55]). While LG and HG cohorts had decreased risk of composite endpoint after TAVR compared with conservative management, very LG was not associated with risk reduction (adjusted HR 0.69 [0.35–1.34]).

Conclusion
Low-flow very LG severe AS represents a distinct population with significant comorbidities and worse outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the short- and long-term benefits of TAVR in this population.
Elevational Goldilocks zone underlies the exceptional diversity of a large lizard radiation (Liolaemus; Liolaemidae)
Authors: Skeels Alexander , Esquerré Damien , Lipsky Daria , Pellissier Loïc , Boschman Lydian M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mountains are among the most biodiverse regions on the planet, and how these landforms shape diversification through the interaction of biological traits and geo-climatic dynamics is integral to understanding global biodiversity. In this study, we investigate the dual roles of climate change and mountain uplift on the evolution of a hyper-diverse radiation, Liolaemus lizards, with a spatially explicit model of diversification using a reconstruction of uplift and paleotemperature in central and southern South America. The diversification model captures a hotspot for Liolaemus around 40°S in lineages with low-dispersal ability and narrow niche breadths. Under the model, speciation rates are highest in low latitudes (&lt;35°S) and mid elevations (~1,000 m), while extinction rates are highest at higher latitudes (&gt;35°S) and higher elevations (&gt;2,000 m). Temperature change through the Cenozoic explained variation in speciation and extinction rates through time and across different elevational bands. Our results point to the conditions of mid elevations being optimal for diversification (i.e., Goldilocks Zone), driven by the combination of (1) a complex topography that facilitates speciation during periods of climatic change, and (2) a relatively moderate climate that enables the persistence of ectothermic lineages and buffers species from extinction.
From the Lie Operad to the Grothendieck–Teichmüller Group
Authors: Wolff Vincent 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study the deformation complex of the natural morphism from the degree $d$ shifted Lie operad to its polydifferential version, and prove that it is quasi-isomorphic to the Kontsevich graph complex $\textbf {GC}_{d}$. In particular, we show that in the case $d=2$ the Grothendieck–Teichmüller group $\textbf {GRT}_{1}$ is a symmetry group (up to homotopy) of the aforementioned morphism. We also prove that in the case $d=1$, corresponding to the usual Lie algebras, the natural morphism admits a unique homotopy non-trivial deformation, which is described explicitly with the help of the universal enveloping construction. Finally, we prove the rigidity of the strongly homotopy version of the universal enveloping functor in the Lie theory.
Rational function neural networks for learning rock physics models from field data
Authors: Sun Weitao , Yang Zhifang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Seismic wave velocity estimation is critical for understanding Earth's internal structure. Traditional rock physics models require careful physical assumptions and mathematical derivations, often facing challenges when applied to complex field data. Empirical formulas, while simple, lack a solid physical foundation. To address these limitations, we propose a data-driven approach using rational function neural networks (RafNN) for rock physics modelling. By analysing logging data, RafNN establishes a rational equation capturing the interdependencies among rock modulus, matrix stiffness, porosity, and fluid. The results show that RafNN accurately extracts the Gassmann's equation when the training data adheres to its constraints. Moreover, RafNN can derive general models from logging data that deviate from the Gassmann's equation. These data-driven models exhibit lower prediction errors while maintaining consistency with Gassmann's model. RafNN's adaptability to field data variability is a key advantage, facilitating better comprehension of the underlying mathematical and physical principles. Additionally, we explore the relationship between modulus, porosity, and compressibility, shedding light on the physical interpretation of RafNN models. Notably, RafNN derives analytical models directly from field data, reducing reliance on mathematical derivations and physical assumptions. Although further research is needed to understand the convergence theory of RafNN, this study presents a promising approach for data-driven rock physics modelling. It contributes to the exploration of Earth's heterogeneous structure and advances the field of seismic wave velocity estimation.
Pulmonary valve papillary fibroelastoma: to PE or not to PE
Authors: Kirk Frazer , Yong Matthew S , Williams Peter , Stroebel Andrie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pulmonary valve (PV) fibroelastomas are a rare pathology, with limited anecdotal literature surrounding them. Consequently, the natural history is unclear; however, two features have remained salient; they are asymptomatic and found incidentally. Here, we describe a 52-year-old female, presenting with symptoms suggestive pulmonary embolism (PE). Pulmonary angiography revealed a filling deficit in the pulmonary trunk (PT), adjacent to the PV. Subsequent investigation found a large PV fibroelastoma. The presence of symptoms is likely secondary to right ventricular outflow tract obstruction from the lesions large size. We describe our investigation and management of the lesion. The reporting of this case challenges the existing knowledge of PV fibroelastomas.
A combinatory vaccine with IMA950 plus varlilumab promotes effector memory T-cell differentiation in the peripheral blood of patients with low-grade gliomas
Authors: Saijo Atsuro , Ogino Hirokazu , Butowski Nicholas A , Tedesco Meghan R , Gibson David , Watchmaker Payal B , Okada Kaori , Wang Albert S , Shai Anny , Salazar Andres M , Molinaro Annette M , Rabbitt Jane E , Shahin Maryam , Perry Arie , Clarke Jennifer L , Taylor Jennie W , Daras Mariza , Oberheim Bush Nancy Ann , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L , Phillips Joanna J , Chang Susan M , Hilf Norbert , Mayer-Mokler Andrea , Keler Tibor , Berger Mitchel S , Okada Hideho 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Central nervous system (CNS) WHO grade 2 low-grade glioma (LGG) patients are at high risk for recurrence and with unfavorable long-term prognosis due to the treatment resistance and malignant transformation to high-grade glioma. Considering the relatively intact systemic immunity and slow-growing nature, immunotherapy may offer an effective treatment option for LGG patients.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, randomized pilot study to evaluate the safety and immunological response of the multipeptide IMA950 vaccine with agonistic anti-CD27 antibody, varlilumab, in CNS WHO grade 2 LGG patients. Patients were randomized to receive combination therapy with IMA950 + poly-ICLC and varlilumab (Arm 1) or IMA950 + poly-ICLC (Arm 2) before surgery, followed by adjuvant vaccines.

Results
A total of 14 eligible patients were enrolled in the study. Four patients received pre-surgery vaccines but were excluded from postsurgery vaccines due to the high-grade diagnosis of the resected tumor. No regimen-limiting toxicity was observed. All patients demonstrated a significant increase of anti-IMA950 CD8+ T-cell response postvaccine in the peripheral blood, but no IMA950-reactive CD8+ T cells were detected in the resected tumor. Mass cytometry analyses revealed that adding varlilumab promoted T helper type 1 effector memory CD4+ and effector memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation in the PBMC but not in the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusion
The combinational immunotherapy, including varlilumab, was well-tolerated and induced vaccine-reactive T-cell expansion in the peripheral blood but without a detectable response in the tumor. Further developments of strategies to overcome the blood-tumor barrier are warranted to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for LGG patients.
Invasion dynamics of the European Collared-Dove in North America are explained by combined effects of habitat and climate
Authors: Shao Yiran , Ethier Danielle M , Bonner Simon J 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlobal biodiversity is increasingly threatened by the spread of invasive species. Understanding the mechanisms influencing the initial colonization and persistence of invaders is therefore needed if conservation actions are to prevent new invasions or strive to slow their spread. The Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto, EUCO) is one of the most successful avian invasive species in North America; however, to our knowledge, no study has simultaneously examined the role that climate-matching, human activity, directional propagation, and local density have in this invasion process. Our research expands upon a cellular-automata-based hierarchical model developed to assess directional invasion dynamics to further quantify the impacts of climate, elevation, and land cover type on the spread of EUCO in North America. Our results suggest that EUCO’s dispersal patterns can largely be explained by the effects of habitat, climate, and environmental conditions at different stages of the invasion process rather than some innate preferred north-westerly spread. Specifically, EUCO initially colonized warm and wet grassland habitats and tended to persist in urban areas. We also found that while EUCO were more likely to spread to the northeast of existing habitats, directional preference did not drive persistence and recolonization events. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating both neighborhood effects and environmental factors in the modelling of range-expanding species, adding to the toolset available to researchers to model invasive species spread. Further, our research demonstrates that historical records of invasive species occurrences can provide the data resources needed to disentangle the characteristics driving species invasion and enable predictions that are of critical importance to resource managers.
Conscious expectancy rather than associative strength elicits brain activity during single-cue fear conditioning
Authors: Grégoire Laurent , Robinson Tyler D , Choi Jong Moon , Greening Steven G 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The neurocognitive processes underlying Pavlovian conditioning in humans are still largely debated. The conventional view is that conditioned responses (CRs) emerge automatically as a function of the contingencies between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US). As such, the associative strength model asserts that the frequency or amplitude of CRs reflects the strength of the CS–US associations. Alternatively, the expectation model asserts that the presentation of the CS triggers conscious expectancy of the US, which is responsible for the production of CRs. The present study tested the hypothesis that there are dissociable brain networks related to the expectancy and associative strength theories using a single-cue fear conditioning paradigm with a pseudo-random intermittent reinforcement schedule during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants’ (n = 21) trial-by-trial expectations of receiving shock displayed a significant linear effect consistent with the expectation model. We also found a positive linear relationship between the expectancy model and activity in frontoparietal brain areas including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dorsomedial PFC. While an exploratory analysis found a linear relationship consistent with the associated strength model in the insula and early visual cortex, our primary results are consistent with the view that conscious expectancy contributes to CRs.
Executive Control and Associated Brain Activity in Children With Familial High-Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: A Danish Register-based Study
Authors: Johnsen Line Korsgaard , Larsen Kit Melissa , Fuglsang Søren Asp , Ver Loren van Themaat Anna Hester , Baaré William Frans Christiaan , Madsen Kathrine Skak , Madsen Kristoffer Hougaard , Hemager Nicoline , Andreassen Anna Krogh , Veddum Lotte , Greve Aja Neergaard , Nejad Ayna Baladi , Burton Birgitte Klee , Gregersen Maja , Eichele Heike , Lund Torben E , Bliksted Vibeke , Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard , Mors Ole , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Nordentoft Merete , Siebner Hartwig Roman 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypotheses
Impaired executive control is a potential prognostic and endophenotypic marker of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). Assessing children with familial high-risk (FHR) of SZ or BP enables characterization of early risk markers and we hypothesize that they express impaired executive control as well as aberrant brain activation compared to population-based control (PBC) children.

Study Design
Using a flanker task, we examined executive control together with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 11- to 12-year-old children with FHR of SZ (FHR-SZ) or FHR of BP (FHR-BP) and PBC children as part of a register-based, prospective cohort-study; The Danish High Risk and Resilience study—VIA 11.

Study Results
We included 85 (44% female) FHR-SZ, 63 (52% female) FHR-BP and 98 (50% female) PBC in the analyses. Executive control effects, caused by the spatial visuomotor conflict, showed no differences between groups. Bayesian ANOVA of reaction time (RT) variability, quantified by the coefficient of variation (CVRT), revealed a group effect with similarly higher CVRT in FHR-BP and FHR-SZ compared to PBC (BF10 = 6.82). The fMRI analyses revealed no evidence for between-group differences in task-related brain activation. Post hoc analyses excluding children with psychiatric illness yielded same results.

Conclusion
FHR-SZ and FHR-BP at age 11–12 show intact ability to resolve a spatial visuomotor conflict and neural efficacy. The increased variability in RT may reflect difficulties in maintaining sustained attention. Since variability in RT was independent of existing psychiatric illness, it may reflect a potential endophenotypic marker of risk.
Nighttime smartphone use, sleep quality, and mental health: investigating a complex relationship
Authors: Andersen Thea Otte , Sejling Christoffer , Jensen Andreas Kryger , Drews Henning Johannes , Ritz Beate , Varga Tibor V , Rod Naja Hulvej 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study investigated the complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and mental health among adult populations in Denmark.

Methods
Data from three interconnected samples (aged 16–89 years) from the SmartSleep Study included 5798 individuals with survey and register data; 4239 individuals also provided high-resolution smartphone tracking data. Logistic regression models and causal discovery algorithms, which suggest possible causal pathways consistent with the underlying data structure, were used to infer the relationship between self-reported and tracked nighttime smartphone use, self-reported sleep quality, mental health indicators, and register-based psychotropic medication use.

Results
Frequent self-reported nighttime smartphone use was associated with high perceived stress (OR: 2.24, 95% CI = 1.42 to 3.55) and severe depressive symptoms (OR: 2.96, 95% CI = 2.04 to 4.28). We found no clear associations between tracked nighttime smartphone use and mental health outcomes, except for the cluster that used their smartphones repeatedly during the sleep period, which was associated with severe depressive symptoms (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.24 to 2.31). Poor sleep quality (vs. good sleep quality) was associated with high perceived stress (OR = 5.07, 95% CI = 3.72 to 6.90), severe depressive symptoms (OR = 9.67, 95% CI = 7.09 to 13.19), and psychotropic medication use (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.36 to 3.35). The causal discovery models suggest that nighttime smartphone use affects mental health through both problematic smartphone use and poor sleep quality.

Conclusion
The complex relationship between nighttime smartphone use, sleep, and poor mental health may create a vicious circle over time, and nighttime smartphone use may constitute a potential leverage point for public health interventions aimed at improving sleep and mental health.
Revision Strategies for Cervical Disc Arthroplasty
Authors: Roth Steven G. , Robles Ortiz Marcos Joaquin , Vulapalli Meghana , Riew K. Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Study Design:
Narrative review.

Objective:
To review indications and strategies for revision of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA).

Summary of Background Data:
No data were generated as part of this review.

Methods:
A narrative review of the literature was performed.

Results:
No results were generated as part of this review.

Conclusions:
CDA is a proven, motion-sparing surgical option for the treatment of myelopathy or radiculopathy secondary to cervical degenerative disc disease. As is the case with any operation, a small percentage of CDA will require revision, which can be a technically demanding endeavor. Here we review available revision strategies and associated indications, a thorough understanding of which will aid the surgeon in finely tailoring their approach to varying presentations.
Health and Social Determinants Associated With Delay of Care Among Community-Dwelling Rural Older Adults
Authors: Decker Autumn , Weaver Raven H. 
Published: September 2023

Background:Delaying health care has the capacity to increase morbidity and premature mortality among individuals with chronic and acute health conditions, particularly for those living in rural areas.Objective:The objective of this study was to identify social determinants of health that are associated with delay of care (DOC) among older adults residing in rural areas across the inland northwest.Method:We conducted descriptive, bivariate, and regression analyses using data from a needs assessment designed to identify health needs and service delivery gaps among an economically diverse 8-county region.Result:Most respondents (aged 60+ years) were white, female, with health insurance coverage (n = 1226, mean = 71). Overall, 35% experienced DOC. We used logistic regression to determine the influence of age, sex, health conditions, distance from medical facility, income, and perceived quality of neighborhood on DOC. Individuals with younger age (P= .017), more chronic conditions (P< .001), lower income (P< .001), and lower perceived quality of neighborhood (P= .008) were more likely to experience DOC.Conclusion:These findings highlight risk factors associated with DOC, which can inform prevention efforts championed by community-based organizations, health care providers, and policy makers. Future research is needed to investigate compounding long-term effects of DOC, especially among individuals living in rural areas.
Prediction of postembolization syndrome after transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma and its impact on prognosis
Authors: Roehlen Natascha , Stoehr Fabian , Müller Lukas , Luxenburger Hendrik , Gairing Simon J. , Reincke Marlene , Schultheiss Michael , Berisha Floriona , Weinmann Arndt , Foerster Friedrich , Marquardt Jens U. , Thimme Robert , Galle Peter R. , Bettinger Dominik , Kloeckner Roman 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Postembolization syndrome (PES) represents the most frequent complication after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with HCC. Given the vague definition as a symptom complex comprising abdominal pain, fever, and nausea, PES is diagnosed in heterogeneous patient cohorts with symptoms ranging from mild pain to severe deterioration of their general condition. This study aimed to evaluate predictive factors and the prognostic impact of PES with regard to different severity grades.

Methods:
A total of 954 patients treated with TACE for HCC at the University Medical Centres Mainz and Freiburg were included in this study. PES disease severity was graded as mild, moderate, or severe according to a predefined combination of symptoms. Logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors of PES. The prognostic impact of PES was evaluated by competing risk analyses considering liver transplantation as a competing risk.

Results:
PES occurred in 616 patients (64.5%), but only 56 patients (5.9%) had severe PES, defined as moderate to severe abdominal pain requiring opioids in combination with fever and nausea. The largest tumor diameter was the strongest independent predictor of PES (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.13–1.28), and severe PES (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.14–1.33, p < 0.0001). Presence of liver cirrhosis was protective against PES (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27–0.84, p = 0.01). Furthermore, PES was independently associated with an impaired disease control rate (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.16–0.69, p = 0.003) and severe PES with poor overall survival (subdistribution HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.99–2.36, p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Tumor size and absence of liver cirrhosis are predictors of severe PES and associated with impaired prognosis in HCC patients after TACE.