bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatisierte Datenerhebung
Authors: Jünger Jakob , Gärtner Chantal 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel führt in die automatisierte Datenerhebung mittels Webscraping und über Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) ein. Sie lernen, wie Sie mit Python oder R einen Webscraper entwickeln und wie Sie mit APIs interagieren können.Im Online-Repositorium unter https://github.com/strohne/cm finden Sie begleitend zum Kapitel weitere Materialien, auf die wir im Text mit ☛ verweisen.
Zur evaluierenden Audiometrie nach Cochlea-Implantat-Versorgung
Authors: Dziemba Oliver C. , Merz Stephan , Hocke Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ein Hauptziel der Versorgung von Patient*innen mit Cochlea-Implantat (CI) ist die Verbesserung des Sprachverstehens. Einer der Zielparameter ist die Sprachverständlichkeit in Ruhe. Die Versorgungsergebnisse lassen jedoch eine sehr große Variabilität erkennen, welche bislang nur unzureichend erklärt werden konnte. Ziel dieser nichtinterventionellen retrospektiven Studie war die Aufklärung dieser Variabilität. Dies erfolgte anhand einer ausgewählten Population von Patient*innen, bei der die Ätiologie keinen negativen Einfluss auf die postoperative Sprachverständlichkeit erwarten ließ.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden die audiometrischen Befunde der CI-Folgetherapie von 28 erwachsenen Patient*innen nach 6 Monaten CI-Erfahrung ausgewertet. Diese wurden in Relation zur präoperativen audiometrischen Untersuchung gesetzt und hinsichtlich eines unlängst publizierten Prädiktionsmodells für das postoperative Einsilberverstehen ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Durch Einschluss der postoperativen Hörfeldskalierung und des Hörverlusts für Zahlen in das Modell lassen sich 55 % der Variabilität in den Versorgungsergebnissen bzgl. des Einsilberverstehens erklären.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie legen nahe, dass ein Großteil der Ursachen für die Variabilität der Versorgungsergebnisse durch systematische postoperative audiometrische Kontrollen erfasst werden kann. Aus diesen Ergebnissen können sich unmittelbare Schlussfolgerungen für die Anpassungen der CI-Systeme ziehen lassen. Inwieweit diese jedoch von den einzelnen Patient*innen akzeptiert werden und somit zu einer Verbesserung der Befundlage führen, muss Gegenstand weiterer, möglichst prospektiver Studien sein.
Sprachverstehen in Abhängigkeit von der cochleären Abdeckung – Vergleich bei bimodal versorgten Cochleaimplantatpatienten
Authors: Rader Tobias , Schrank Leonhard , Spiegel Jennifer L. , Nachtigäller Pascal , Spiro Judith E. , Hempel John-Martin , Canis Martin , Müller Joachim 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Hörerfolg für Patienten mit bimodaler Versorgung, bestehend aus einem Cochleaimplantat (CI) und einem kontralateralen Hörgerät (HG), ist unterschiedlich. Einige Patienten profitieren von einer bimodalen Versorgung mit CI und HG, andere nicht.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war die Untersuchung des Erfolgs beim Sprachverstehen bimodal versorgter Patienten in Abhängigkeit von der cochleären Abdeckung (Cochlear Coverage, CC) durch den CI-Elektrodenträger.

Material und Methoden
Mittels der Software OTOPLAN (Fa. CAScination AG, Bern, Schweiz) wurde retrospektiv die CC von 39 Patienten anhand präoperativer Computertomographien (CT) des Felsenbeins erhoben, und in die Patienten wurden in 2 Gruppen, zum einen mit einer CC ≤ 65 % (CC500) und zum anderen mit einer CC > 65 % (CC600), unterteilt. Das monaurale Sprachverstehen für Einsilber bei 65 dB Schalldruckpegel (Sound Pressure Level, SPL) im Freifeld wurde zu verschiedenen Beobachtungszeitpunkten, präoperativ mit HG und postoperativ mit CI, erfasst und zwischen den Gruppen verglichen. Das Sprachverstehen wurde des Weiteren mit der CC der Gesamtkohorte präoperativ und zum Nachbeobachtungszeitpunkt (NBZ) korreliert.

Ergebnisse
Es wurde kein signifikanter Unterschied im Sprachverstehen zwischen Patienten mit CC500 und Patienten mit CC600 zu den einzelnen Beobachtungszeitpunkten festgestellt. Sowohl bei Patienten mit CC500 als auch bei Patienten mit CC600 kam es zu einer stetigen Verbesserung des Sprachverstehens nach der Implantation. Während Patienten mit CC600 im Trend eher eine frühere Verbesserung des Sprachverstehens zeigten, wiesen Patienten mit CC500 tendenziell eine langsamere Verbesserung in den ersten 3 Monaten und danach eine steilere Lernkurve auf. Zum NBZ näherten sich die beiden Patientengruppen ohne signifikante Unterschiede im Sprachverstehen an. Es gab keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen dem unimodalen/unilateralen Sprachverstehen im Freifeld und der CC. Allerdings erreichten v. a. die Patienten, die eine CC von 70–75 % aufwiesen, das maximale Sprachverstehen.

Schlussfolgerung
Trotz einer nichtsignifikanten Korrelation zwischen CC und Sprachverstehen schien v. a. die Patientengruppe mit einer Abdeckung von 70–75 % das Maximum im unimodalen/unilateralen Sprachverstehen zu erreichen. Es besteht jedoch Raum für weitere Untersuchungen, da CC500 mit einer kürzeren Cochlear Duct Length (CDL) assoziiert war und in beiden Gruppen lange und sehr lange Elektroden verwendet wurden.
Melanin-dependent tissue interactions induced by a 755-nm picosecond-domain laser: complementary visualization by optical imaging and histology
Authors: Jacobsen Kevin , Ortner Vinzent Kevin , Fredman Gabriella Louise , Christensen Rikke Louise , Dierickx Christine , Tanghetti Emil , Paasch Uwe , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFractional picosecond-domain lasers (PSL) induce optical breakdown, which correlates histologically to vacuolization in the epidermis and dermis. In this ex vivo porcine study, we sought to establish a framework for the investigation of laser-tissue interactions and their dependence on melanin density. Light- (melanin index: 24.5 [0–100]), medium- (58.7), and dark-pigmented (> 98) porcine skin samples were exposed to a 755-nm fractional PSL and examined with dermoscopy, line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT), conventional OCT, and subsequently biopsied for digitally stained ex vivo confocal microscopy (EVCM) and histology, using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Warthin-Starry (WS) melanin staining. Dermoscopy showed focal whitening in medium- and dark-pigmented skin. Similarly, LC-OCT and OCT visualized melanin-dependent differences in PSL-induced tissue alterations. Vacuoles were located superficially in the epidermis in dark-pigmented skin but at or below the dermal–epidermal junction in medium-pigmented skin; in light-pigmented skin, no vacuoles were observed. Histology confirmed the presence of vacuoles surrounded by areas void of WS staining and disrupted stratum corneum in darker skin. The combined use of optical imaging for multiplanar visualization and histological techniques for examination of all skin layers may mitigate the effect of common artifacts and attain a nuanced understanding of melanin-dependent laser-tissue interactions.
Towards neuromorphic FPGA-based infrastructures for a robotic arm
Authors: Canas-Moreno Salvador , Piñero-Fuentes Enrique , Rios-Navarro Antonio , Cascado-Caballero Daniel , Perez-Peña Fernando , Linares-Barranco Alejandro 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMuscles are stretched with bursts of spikes that come from motor neurons connected to the cerebellum through the spinal cord. Then, alpha motor neurons directly innervate the muscles to complete the motor command coming from upper biological structures. Nevertheless, classical robotic systems usually require complex computational capabilities and relative high-power consumption to process their control algorithm, which requires information from the robot’s proprioceptive sensors. The way in which the information is encoded and transmitted is an important difference between biological systems and robotic machines. Neuromorphic engineering mimics these behaviors found in biology into engineering solutions to produce more efficient systems and for a better understanding of neural systems. This paper presents the application of a Spike-based Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller to a 6-DoF Scorbot ER-VII robotic arm, feeding the motors with Pulse-Frequency-Modulation instead of Pulse-Width-Modulation, mimicking the way in which motor neurons act over muscles. The presented frameworks allow the robot to be commanded and monitored locally or remotely from both a Python software running on a computer or from a spike-based neuromorphic hardware. Multi-FPGA and single-PSoC solutions are compared. These frameworks are intended for experimental use of the neuromorphic community as a testbed platform and for dataset recording for machine learning purposes.
Teacher Use of Digital Stories to Promote Reflective Practice Supportive of Migrant and Refugee Children’s Sense of Belonging
Authors: Khoo Elaine , Mitchell Linda , Sammons Maria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCreative and innovative reflective methods are important to prompt and sustain alternative and novel ways for teachers to consider their professional identity and practice. Digital storytelling is one such method that enables the sharing of valued events including narratives of lived experience. This paper reports on a case study investigating teacher use of digital storytelling to promote reflection and pedagogical awareness in support of immigrant and refugee children’s developing sense of belonging. The case study is part of a larger funded project aimed at strengthening the identity and belonging of refugee and immigrant children in early childhood education. In the case study, four early childhood education teachers in an education and care centre planned and created their digital narratives, reflected on the process, and considered the opportunities and implications for integrating digital storytelling in their practice. A range of qualitative data were collected through observations (notes, photographs, video recordings), focus group interview, and teacher created artifacts. Thematic analysis identified that teachers valued their experiences with creating their own digital stories in identifying and affirming their values and identities as teacher practitioners, and in thinking more deeply about coming to belong. They recognised the transformative potential of digital storytelling in promoting understandings of belonging, facilitating reflective practice and identifying relevant belonging-based pedagogical strategies. They recommended other staff and parents could undertake a similar process, predicting that this would enable even stronger reciprocal connections between staff, parents and children to facilitate greater understanding of children’s cultural backgrounds and home experiences as a basis for establishing more targeted belonging-based pedagogies.
Sustainable growth of organic farming in the EU requires a rethink of nutrient supply
Authors: Reimer Marie , Oelofse Myles , Müller-Stöver Dorette , Möller Kurt , Bünemann Else K. , Bianchi Silvia , Vetemaa Airi , Drexler Dóra , Trugly Bence , Raskin Ben , Blogg Hugh , Rasmussen Anton , Verrastro Vincenzo , Magid Jakob 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe European Commission recently set a target of increasing the area of organic agriculture to 25% by 2030. To achieve this, it is imperative to understand current nutrient use patterns and identify sustainable nutrient supply opportunities. To that end, this study assessed the sustainability of the current nutrient origin and supply of 71 arable organic farms in 8 European regions. Deficient nutrient supply was found on 24%, 66%, and 56% of farms for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. On average, we show a moderate surplus for nitrogen (28 kg ha−1), while phosphorus and potassium balances were close to zero (− 1 and 2 kg ha−1, respectively). Large variation between countries and farm types shows a divide between more intensive systems relying on external inputs, and less intensive systems facing nutrient deficits and lower outputs. We show, for the first time, the extent of current use of external input types, where conventional manures supplied 17–26% of external nutrients and inputs from non-agricultural origin supplied 31–41%. A large proportion of nutrient sources within the last group are materials derived from urban wastes. The sustainable expansion of the organic sector will require increased use of locally available recycled fertilizers from urban wastes, and acceptance of such sources by organic farmers is shown to be high, provided they are considered safe.
Smart technology solution for a cleaner city: a case study of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Pellatt Jemima , Palfreman Joshua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates Smart-TRACS, an affordable and innovative smart technology solution to improve solid waste management and revenue collection in the rapidly expanding city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. By analyzing data from key stakeholders in the solid waste management service chain, the study validates the hypotheses that: (H1) Smart-TRACS has improved solid waste management service provision, and (H2) Smart-TRACS has enhanced refuse collection charges collection rates in the piloted wards. Notably, Smart-TRACS registered a 129% increase in identified service users, 13.5% increase in revenue collection, 55% increase in revenue collection coverage, and many other positive impacts resulting from data-driven internal management optimization. This paper provides compelling evidence that leveraging data can drive improved efficiency, resilience, innovation and inclusivity in Dar es Salaam’s city development. However, the paper also identifies limitations with Smart-TRACS, which underscore challenges hindering the city’s transition to a smart city status. The absence of an actively implemented robust overarching city master plan, smart city coordination framework, a challenging business environment, and the risks associated with sudden institutional change pose significant obstacles to sustained smart city development and innovation. Addressing these core challenges is crucial for Dar es Salaam to embark on a sustainable path towards smart city development and realize its potential for transformative growth.
Pharmacological Upregulation of Microglial Lipid Droplet Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Acute Ischemic Brain Injury
Authors: Li Huiya , Liu Pinyi , Deng Shiji , Zhu Liwen , Cao Xiang , Bao Xinyu , Xia Shengnan , Xu Yun , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) were reported to play an important role in the modulation of inflammation and various cellular processes among multiple cell types. However, LDs accumulation, its function and mechanisms of its formation during ischemic stroke remained poorly-identified. In this study, we observed increased LDs accumulation in microglia at the acute stage of ischemic stroke by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that microglia accumulated with LDs were associated with inflammation and phagocytosis. Both inflammatory activation and phagocytosis of tissue debris in microglia could contribute to LDs formation. Moreover, through specific LDs depletion and overload experiments by pharmacological approaches, we proposed that LDs was critical for the maintenance of anti-inflammatory properties of microglia. Furthermore, Atglistatin, a specific adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) inhibitor, was shown to prevent proinflammatory cytokines production in primary microglia through decreased LDs lipolysis. After Atglistatin treatment, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice showed decreased infarct volume and improved neurobehavioral performance at the acute stage of stroke. Our findings provided a biological basis for microglial LDs regulation as a potential therapeutic strategy for acute ischemic stroke and uncovered the neuroprotective role of Atglistatin in the treatment of MCAO mice.
A Qualitative Study Exploring Parents’ Experiences of Caring for an Adolescent Child with Conduct Problems during the Covid-19 Lockdowns
Authors: Bull Marcus , Ball Rachael , Livanou Maria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractYoung people with conduct problems (CPs) have been detrimentally impacted by Covid-19 restrictions, with increased behaviour problems and internalising symptoms. Parents experienced increased strain, managing their child’s behaviours through lockdowns, while support services have been reduced. The present qualitative study aims to explore the deeper parental experience of caring for an adolescent child with CPs during the Covid-19 period. Participants were purposively recruited through a social media support forum. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with 14 parents of children with CPs (13 mothers and one father) between June-December 2021. Interviews were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. Analysis revealed four main themes; Experiencing Positive Changes in Children, Navigating Practicalities of Home Confinement, Parents at “Breaking Point”, and Methods of Survival. Parents observed increased behavioural problems in their children, and expressed great strain and fatigue in relation to their child’s expression. Overall, parents felt isolated, confused, and burnt out, feeling they have no support to turn to. These issues appear to expand beyond the pandemic, highlighting an imperative need to provide more social, practical, and psychoeducational support for these parents whose voices are currently going unheard. These should be more robust and tailored to this unique population, with suggested services including peer social networks or parental hubs, more proficient and targeted psychoeducation, crisis interventions, and a greater capacity for parental respite.
Magnetite graphene oxide-albumin conjugate: carrier for the imatinib anticancer drug
Authors: Mashreghi Maral , Sabeti Bahare , Chekin Fereshteh 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials are widely used in biomedical applications due to their versatile properties. These are the attractive candidates for the carrying of anticancer drugs, genes, and proteins for chemotherapy. Imatinib is an effective chemotherapy drug whose toxicity has created a significant limitation in treatment. In this research, a new biocompatible nanocarrier based on albumin-magnetite graphene oxide conjugates was reported for the loading and release of imatinib. The magnetite graphene oxide nanocomposite was investigated by ultra violet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and energy diepersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) methods. The crystallite size of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on graphene oxide obtained from XRD is about 14 nm which is in agreement well with the SEM results. We show that magnetite graphene oxide conjugated with albumin is an extremely efficient carrier. An efficient loading of IM, 81% at pH 7.0, time 2 h and initial concentration of 1 mg/mL was seen onto magnetite graphene oxide-albumin in comparison to graphene oxide and magnetite graphene oxide due to the presence of oxygen and nitrogen functional groups of albumin. Upon the pH 9.0 and 7.0, 7% and 16% imatinib could be released from the magnetite graphene oxide-albumin in a time span of 5 h but when exposed pH 4.0 the corresponding 31% was released in 5 h. After 20 h, 21, 42 and 68% of imatinib was released at pH 9.0, 7.0 and 4.0, respectively. This illustrates the major benefits of the developed approach for biomedical applications.
Graphical Abstract
Reframing rangeland systems science research in Kenya: a synthesis of social-science mixed methods to inform integrative analysis of landscape pattern and process
Authors: Unks Ryan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractContextInterdisciplinary borrowing between ecology and the social sciences has produced numerous insights about pastoral livelihood practices and rangeland ecology, demonstrating how people practicing pastoralism constantly modify their practices to adapt to social, political, economic, and biophysical change.ObjectivesI outline an approach for integrating research on pastoral livelihoods into a landscape ecology framework. I focus on access to land and resources, and an integrative approach to scale, to assess the relationship between landscape and social processes.MethodsI use remotely sensed data and ethnographic analysis of livelihood change in two semi-arid contexts in Kenya to compare broad scale changes in pastoral mobility to spatio-temporal patterns of variability in rainfall and vegetation productivity. I then synthesize the political, economic, and social relations that have most prominently influenced access to land and restructured landscape process at finer scales.ResultsSpatial controls have been imposed on land use that have increasingly partitioned landscapes and concentrated pastoral access to land. Access to land has also been influenced by changes in social norms, employment, and market relations. Informal rules and norms, social differentiation, and exclusionary partitions have produced socially differentiated land use intensity gradients and novel landscape processes that have not previously been considered in landscape analyses in Kenya.ConclusionsUnderstanding access, land use, and landscape processes as intertwined, with uneven processes of land and resource capture at different scales, would enable landscape ecologists to choose observational scales relevant to rural livelihoods and sensitive to power asymmetries, creating robust analytical linkages between social and ecological processes.
Truth and directness in pictorial assertion
Authors: Lewerentz Lukas , Viebahn Emanuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper develops an account of accuracy and truth in pictorial assertion. It argues that there are two ways in which pictorial assertions can be indirect: with respect to their content and with respect to their target. This twofold indirectness explains how accurate, unedited pictures can be used to make false pictorial assertions. It captures the fishiness of true pictorial assertions involving target-indirectness, such as true pictorial assertions involving outdated pictures. And it raises the question whether target-indirectness may also arise in linguistic assertion.