bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of South Korean and American Soft Power Practices in World Politics
Authors: Belaia E. K. , Kashina M. A. 
Published: December 2022

In the 21st century, soft power has proved its effectiveness and expediency and has become one of the most important foreign policy instruments of strong, medium and small powers. The approach proposed by Joseph Nye is considered to be a classic example of soft power politics with the United States being the leading state in this field. However, considering the intensification of glocalization processes and the growth of anti-global and anti-American sentiments, the effectiveness of the US soft power is being called into question. On the contrary, the popularity of South Korean culture has been constantly growing all over the world in recent years, which proves the possibility of successful application of the soft power policy by a non-Western (Asian) state.Aim. The aim is to compare the South Korean and American approaches to the implementation of soft power policy.Tasks. The tasks include studying the elements of the US and South Korean soft power models (culture and way of life, values and ideologies, principles of foreign and domestic policy) and comparing them with each other.Methods. The methods of cross-cultural analysis and secondary analysis of data, including official sources, were used.Results. When implementing the soft power policy, both states use the same resources (elements) distinguished by Joseph Nye (culture and lifestyle, ideology and values, principles of domestic and foreign policy).Conclusion. The difference between national models of soft power lies in the content of these elements. The United States and the Republic of Korea convey different values and prioritize different elements of soft power. The United States, placing the main emphasis on ideology, promotes democratic values, while the Republic of Korea, relying on culture in the broadest sense, appeals to humanistic and Confucian values (love for oneself, caring for others, seeking harmony, cheerfulness). Directions for further research include the analysis of the origins and prospects of such a phenomenon of international relations as Asian waves (Japanese, Korean, Chinese, etc.).
Features of Turkey’s Modern Policy on the Southern Caucasus
Authors: Marabyan K. P. 
Published: December 2022

The article examines the current policy of Turkey in the South Caucasus – Transcaucasia. Bilateral relations between Turkey, on the one hand, and the states of the South Caucasus region, on the other, are considered. The main directions of Turkey’s policy in the region are considered. An overview of Turkish-Azerbaijani, Turkish-Armenian and Turkish-Georgian relations is given.The war in Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020 showed the potential for conflict in the region and threats to Russia’s security. Now other processes are taking place in the region. Turkey’s role in the region has increased. The region has conflict territories, among which the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, the Republic of Abkhazia and the Republic of South Ossetia stand out.Aim. To analyze the current situation in the South Caucasus region from the point of view of regional security. To analyze and describe the role and policy of Turkey in security issues in the South Caucasus. Tasks. Identification of Turkey’s new role in the South Caucasus region and analysis of the current situation in the region.Methods. Analytical and descriptive methods were used when writing the work. Methods of comparative analysis and text analysis, as well as content analysis were also used.Results. At the present stage in the South Caucasus region, Turkey plays a key role in regional security issues, along with Russia.Conclusions. The strengthening of Turkey’s role in the South Caucasus region has led to a decrease in the role of Russia and Iran. However, the current situation is not stable yet and there is a high probability of new conflicts of interests of external actors in the South Caucasus region.
Collective Security Treaty Organization: Realities and Perspectives of Crisis Response
Authors: Toropygin A. V. 
Published: December 2022

This study is aimed at studying the key problem of regional security — crisis response within the framework of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO).Aim. Show that despite the development of the crisis mechanism, its current state does not satisfy the member states, which affects the overall security of the Eurasian space.Tasks. Consider the stages of development of crisis management through the prism of the development of the formation of the CSTO as an organization designed to ensure security in two directions: military security and countering “new challenges”.Methods. To compare the mechanisms for countering crises, the method of comparative analysis is used, including the provisions of international treaties, as well as successful and unsuccessful practices in the CIS and the CSTO.Results. Based on specific examples of activities and study of the decisions taken by the governing bodies of the CSTO, it is shown that the improvement of the direction of crisis management will become the main one in the development of the Organization.
On the Issue of the Strategy for the Formation of the Trans-regional Integration Contour of the EAEU
Authors: Gorbunova M. L. , Komarov I. D. , Belashchenko D. A. 
Published: December 2022

The instability and uncertainty of international relations accentuate the role of new and inclusive platforms of interaction and cooperation. Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) alongside its regional and transregional partners represent an example of such a platform based on new principles and values, an element of international relation configuration.Aim. Assess the prospects for a zone (cluster) within the planned and potential transregional EEU’s expansion beyond the CIS borders.Task. To evaluate the dynamics of the consolidation concerning, first, current free trade EEU agreements (FTAs or the EEU FTAs) with Serbia, Iran, Vietnam and Singapore, second, potential agreements with listed in the EEU official strategy, third, other developing states with relevant economic and/or demographic potential.Methods. The authors use additional consolidation (share of intra-bloc trade) as a metric. It is calculated as the difference between the share of EEU intra-trade and within the existing or potential EEU FTA partnerships.Results. Based on the assessment of additional consolidation, the research revealed that the existing EEU FTAs with Iran and Vietnam are effective, while trade integration with Serbia, Singapore and China are ineffective. The presence of additional consolidation was revealed for Turkey, Egypt, and Bangladesh.Conclusions. The implementation of the transregional integration track is an important development step for the Eurasian Economic Union. However, trade partnerships have different trade efficiency.
Should the UN Be Reformed?
Authors: Furman F. P. 
Published: December 2022

This study is aimed at studying foreign and domestic experience in terms of the UN reform process, which allows us to summarize the relevant material and achieve the objectives defined by the topic of this article. The aspect that the foundations of the modern crisis of the UN arose from the moment of signing its charter and this is due to the fact that the long and debatable process of agreeing on the main provisions of this document took place thanks to the concessions and compromises of the members of the organization, which laid the foundation for its further review.Aim. Offer recommendations on possible options for replacing or reforming the UN.Tasks. Consider models for overcoming the contradiction between national and supranational interests and the contradiction between the leading countries of the world, the developed countries of the North and the less developed countries of the South.Methods. To compare the integration practices of the EU and ASEAN, the method of comparative analysis, the dialectical method of research, as well as the systematic method of research are used. And also used methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as analogy.Results. On the basis of the studied, recommendations for reforming the UN are given. Thus, attention should be paid to the experience of previous supranational organizations, as well as to the practice of dialogue mechanisms between the world’s leading players. At the same time, excessive pressure on countries should be stopped by interfering in their internal affairs, violating their sovereignty.Conclusions. The contradiction between national and supranational interests is the most profound problem in any integration association, including the UN. However, there is no universal method for resolving this problem, including in the conditions of a still unipolar world. The UN should combine in its practice the experience of the EU, ASEAN, SCO as a hard and soft approach to balancing national and supranational interests.
Legal Regulation of Marriage Relations with Foreign Citizens (on the Example of Vietnam)
Authors: Atnashev V. R. 
Published: December 2022

The article discusses, first of all, some features of the Vietnamese legislation concerning marriages with foreign citizens and issues of citizenship. The problem of forced and fictitious marriages is also touched upon.Aim. Identification of specifics of the Vietnamese legislation on marriage and family and some topical problems in the field of mixed marriages.Tasks. Analysis of main provisions of the Law on Marriage and Family of Vietnam, the role of international treaties in this sphere, comparison of the situation with fictitious marriages in Vietnam and the Russian Federation.Methods. Comparative legal analysis of the norms of international private law in the field of marriage and family relations, description of the approaches of Vietnamese legislation to limping marriages and remission, as well as analysis of judicial practice in relation to fictitious marriages of Vietnamese citizens in the Russian Federation.Results. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Russian Federation, representing different regions of the world and legal systems, have similar problems in the field of marriage and family relations involving foreign elements, which in Vietnam are exacerbated by social problems and weak protection of the rights of women and girls.Conclusion. The case of Vietnam demonstrates the conclusion of bilateral agreements and of universal conventions enhance eliminating the problem of conflict of law (limping marriages), while participation in international organizations improves the socio-economic situation of the population and develop mechanisms for protecting human rights in the field of marriage and family relations.
mercancía audiencia en la era de las plataformas
Authors: Mónaco Julián 
Published: December 2022

Entre las principales características del capitalismo contemporáneo se cuenta el hecho de que un conjunto de corporaciones de tecnología e información ocupan las primeras posiciones entre las firmas más lucrativas del mundo. En particular, Alphabet y Meta se distinguen entre las big tech porque, a pesar de su gran tamaño y de la vasta cantidad de proyectos que desarrollan, el grueso de sus ganancias provienen de la publicidad. Es por eso que Nick Srnicek (2018) se refiere a ellas como casos paradigmáticos de plataformas publicitarias. Si las plataformas aparecen como “modelo[s] de negocios clave para extraer y controlar datos” (ídem, p. 49), éstas, en particular, los utilizan para la venta a los anunciantes de espacios publicitarios ultra segmentados.
En 1977, Dallas Smythe (1983) escribió que los estudios críticos tienden a pensar la comunicación a partir del contenido ideológico de los mensajes y que este tipo de perspectivas pierden de vista la pregunta —central para una crítica de la economía política de la comunicación— por la función económica de los diferentes actores de la industria de la conciencia y, más específicamente, por la forma de mercancía que producen. Su idea clave es que, aunque los medios de comunicación fabrican información y entretenimiento, solo lo hacen como un paso intermedio para producir la mercancía principal: las audiencias. El objetivo del presente trabajo es retomar esta perspectiva ahora en el marco del capitalismo de plataformas: ¿cómo producen compañías como Alphabet y Meta la mercancía audiencia? En particular, nos interesa captar cómo es que estas firmas sortean los límites que los medios tradicionales encontraban al momento de fabricar públicos en el siglo XX. ¿Qué papel juega aquí el llamado “extractivismo de datos” (ídem)? ¿Es del todo adecuada esta metáfora para elaborar una crítica de la economía política de las plataformas?
Comunicarnos hasta morir: hacia un mundo inmaterial y sin memoria
Authors: Forte Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2022

Fichas técnicas:
Título: No-Cosas. Quiebres del mundo de hoy.
Año de edición: 2021
Autor: Byung-Chul Han
Editorial: Taurus
Ciudad de edición: Buenos Aires
Págs: 144

Título: Infocracia. La digitalización y la crisis de la cultura.
Año de edición: 2022
Autor: Byung-Chul Han
Editorial: Taurus
Ciudad de edición: Buenos Aires
Págs: 112
Longitudinal study on seroreactivity of goats exposed to colostrum and milk of small ruminant lentivirus–infected dams
Authors: Kaba Jarosław , Czopowicz Michał , Witkowski Lucjan , Szaluś-Jordanow Olga , Mickiewicz Marcin , Markowska-Daniel Iwona , Puchała Ryszard , Bagnicka Emilia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) causes caprine arthritis-encephalitis in goats and maedi-visna disease in sheep. Transmission is via ingestion of colostrum and milk from infected dams or long-term direct contact between animals. Lifelong seroconversion can occur several weeks after infection via ingestion. However, sub-yearling lambs that ingest contaminated colostrum may be able to clear the infection and become seronegative. Whether a similar phenomenon occurs in goats remains unknown. Therefore, the serological status of goats was studied longitudinally from the moment of natural exposure to colostrum and milk of SRLV-positive dams through the age of 24 months.

Material and Methods
Between February 2014 and March 2017 a dairy goat herd was studied which had been infected with SRLV for more than 20 years and carried maedi-visna virus-like genotype A subtype A17. Thirty-one kids born to dams seropositive for SRLV for at least a year beforehand were followed. They ingested colostrum immediately after birth and then remained with their dams for three weeks. The goats were tested serologically every month using two commercial ELISAs. The clinical condition of the goats was also regularly assessed.

Results
Out of 31 goats, 13 (42%) seroconverted at the age ranging from 3 to 22 months with a median of 5 months. Two goats seroconverted in the second year of life. The other eleven did so before the age of one year; two of these reverted to seronegative status. Only 9 out of 31 goats (29%) seroconverted in the first year of life and remained seropositive. They were early and stable seroreactors to which SRLV was transmitted lactogenically. The age at which they seroconverted ranged from 3 to 10 months with a median of 5 months. In 8 of the 18 persistently seronegative goats, a single isolated positive result occurred. No goats showed any clinical signs of arthritis. The level of maternal antibodies at the age of one week did not differ significantly between the stable seroreactors and the remainder.

Conclusion
Seroconversion appears to occur in less than 50% of goats exposed to heterologous SRLV genotype A via ingestion of colostrum and milk from infected dams and is delayed by 3–10 months. The natural lactogenic route of transmission of SRLV genotype A in goats appears to be less effective than this route of genotype B transmission reported in earlier studies.
Transcriptome analysis of bovine macrophages (BoMac) cells after infection with bovine immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Rola-Łuszczak Marzena , Materniak-Kornas Magdalena , Kubiś Piotr , Pluta Aneta , Smagacz Marlena , Kuźmak Jacek 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) is found worldwide in cattle under natural conditions. However, the effect of BIV infection on immune functions has not been fully characterised.

Material and Methods
Transcriptome analysis of BoMac cells after in vitro infection with BIV was performed using BLOPlus bovine microarrays. Genes identified as differentially expressed were subjected to functional analysis with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software (IPA).

Results
Out of 1,743 genes with altered expression, 1,315 were mapped as unique molecules. In total, 718 genes were identified as upregulated and 597 genes as downregulated. Differentially expressed genes were involved in 16 pathways related to immune response. The most enriched canonical pathway was leukocyte extravasation signalling. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) production was indicated as the most activated pathway and the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) signalling pathway was the most inhibited one. In addition, the study showed that the inflammatory response was decreased during BIV infection.

Conclusion
This is the first report to describe the microarray analysis of changes in gene expression upon BIV infection of bovine macrophages. Our data indicated how BIV influences the expression of genes and signalling pathways engaged in the immune response.
Hubungan Antara Nilai Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) dengan Kadar Procalcitonin (PCT) pada Pasien COVID-19 di Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Rafida Sofia Yusnur , Hairrudin Hairrudin , Hasan Muhammad 
Published: December 2022

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Procalcitonin (PCT) are biomarkers that represent inflammatory activity and immune status as predictors for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. NLR values and PCT levels are positively correlated with the severity of COVID-19, but the relationship between the two biomarkers is unclear. Objectives: To analyzed the correlation between NLR values and PCT levels in COVID-19 patients in Jember Regency. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic observational study, conducted from March to April 2022, took data from 444 confirmed COVID-19 patients at the Jember Clinic Plantation Hospital. Secondary data were obtained from medical records of inpatients for the period January–December 2021. Results: The average NLR value was 8.58, while the average PCT level was 0.43 ng/mL. The results of the Spearman Correlation Analysis showed a positive correlation between NLR values and PCT levels in COVID-19 patients in the Jember Regency with a p-value = 0.00 and a moderate degree of correlation with an r count of 0.41. Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between NLR values and PCT levels for COVID-19 patients in Jember Regency. It is necessary to carry out routine NLR and PCT examinations to consider predictors of disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients.Keywords: COVID-19, NLR, PCT
Korelasi Temuan Limfosit Plasma Biru dengan Kadar C-Reaktif Protein sebagai Penunjang dalam Diagnosis Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Sholihah Ayu Safitri , Danuyanti I Gusti Ayu Nyoman , Zaetun Siti , Ariami Pancawati , Resnhaleksmana Ersandhi 
Published: December 2022

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever diagnosis is supported by examining Blue Plasma Lymphocytes and C-Reactive Protein, in which Blue Plasma Lymphocytes can distinguish Dengue and Non-Dengue infections. At the same time, the C-Reactive Proteins are used to see the presence of inflammation due to infections such as Dengue Virus infection. Objectives: To analyzed the correlation of the number of Blue Plasma Lymphocytes with C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever patients. Methods: This study was analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design. The sample used was a patient diagnosed with DHF with a positive Nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) or Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) IgG/IgM result. The data was collected and analyzed using Spearman's rank statistical test. Results: The average number of Blue Plasma Lymphocytes in positive samples was 8%, with the number of negative results, namely 4 (13.33%) samples and 26 (86.67%) samples with positive Blue Plasma Lymphocyte results. The average level of C–Reactive Protein in the positive samples was 29.36 mg/L, with results that had normal levels were 11 (36.67%) samples and 19 (63.33%) samples with abnormal C-Reactive Protein levels. Spearman's Rank statistical test results obtained a value of p = 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a correlation between the number of Blue Plasma Lymphocytes and C–Reactive Protein levels in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever patients. Conclusion: The more Blue Plasma Lymphocytes, the higher C–Reactive Protein levels in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.Keywords: blue plasma lymphocytes, C–reactive protein, dengue hemorrhagic fever
Risiko Perdarahan Saluran Cerna pada Pasien COVID-19 berdasarkan Jenis Obat Antivirus di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. M. Djamil Padang
Authors: Arnelis Arnelis , Miro Saptino , Zubir Nasrul , Yoga Vesri , Kurniawan Andry , Kam Alexander , Rahimi Abdul Alim , Ranazeri Jersivindo , Fahrurozi R. Ifan Arief 
Published: December 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic to date. Some studies reported gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bleeding occurs in several patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Medications known to be associated with an increased risk of GIT bleeding were not associated with GIT bleeding in COVID-19 patients. Objectives: To examined the risk of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bleeding in COVID-19 patients based on antiviral drugs at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. Methods: A nested cohort study was conducted in Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang from May until October 2021. All COVID-19 patients who received antiviral drugs with GIT bleeding with onset days 0 - 7 were included. COVID-19 was confirmed by RT-PCR swab. Data entry and analysis were conducted by computerized. Results: 30 patients were involved in this study. 43,3% COVID-19 Moderate stage and 56,7% Severe stage. 63,3% were treated with remdesivir and 36,7% were treated with favipiravir. Onset on GIT tract bleeding at day 4 (23,3%), day 5 (26.7%), day 6 (30%), and day 7 (20%). The Chi-square test to determine the factors associated with GIT bleeding in COVID-19 patients including COVID-19 severity, type of antiviral drugs, anticoagulant, and corticosteroid revealed that none of all potential factors above related to GI bleeding. Conclusion: The type of antiviral drugs was not related to GIT bleeding in COVID-19 patients.Keywords: antiviral drugs, COVID-19, gastrointestinal tract bleeding