bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrolysin recovers diaphragmatic function and reduces injury-associated astrogliosis following a cervical spinal cord hemi-section injury in rats
Authors: Fouad Samah , Elfarrash Sara , Rizk Awad , Rezk Shaymaa , Mosbah Esam , Saad Mohamed-Ahdy , Awad Basem I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is widely considered the most disastrous medical condition. With no available treatment to date, SCI continues to cause disabilities to the patients and affect their own and their caregivers' quality of life. Cerebrolysin (CBL) is a neuropeptide preparation derived from purified brain proteins with suggested neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties. CBL showed earlier the ability to target multiple pathways that helped in the improvement of the recovery following different groups of neurological diseases and injuries, including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injuries, and even neurodegenerative diseases. In the current study, the neuroprotective effect of CBL following a SCI is called into question using a rat model of spinal cord cervical hemi-section validated earlier by our lab and others. Using 32 rats divided into four groups randomly, CBL treatment was implemented for either 7 or 21 days duration, following the cervical spinal cord hemi-section.

Results
Following the CBL treatment, rats with cervical cord hemi-section showed functional improvement of diaphragmatic muscle as recorded by electromyography (EMG). In addition, the histopathological assessment of the spinal cord showed improved neuronal viability and reduced astrogliosis at the site of the injury compared to the non-treated group. 21-day treatment showed significant improvement when compared to the shorter 7-day regimen.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that CBL is capable of protecting and regenerating anterior horn motor neurons with functional recovery of diaphragmatic muscle functions in rats, suggesting the potential use of CBL for future regenerative and neuroprotective therapy following SCI.
Risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview of systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies
Authors: Xiao Xin-Yu , Chen Qian , Shi Yun-Zhou , Li Li-Wen , Hua Can , Zheng Hui 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus is complex and incurable. A large number of systematic reviews have studied the risk factors of it. Mendelian randomization is an analytical method that uses genetic data as tool variables to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome.

Objective
To review the systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies that focused on the risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus and shed light on the development of treatments for its prevention and intervention.

Methods
From inception to January 2022, we systematically searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase for related systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies. Extract relevant main data for studies that meet inclusion criteria. The quality of systematic reviews was assessed by using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2). Finally, the risk factors are scored comprehensively according to the results’ quantity, quality, and consistency.

Results
Our study involved 64 systematic reviews and 12 Mendelian randomization studies. The results of systematic reviews showed that diseases (endometriosis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis), lifestyle (smoking, drinking, vaccination), and gene polymorphism influenced the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. The results of Mendelian randomization studies identified the role of disease (periodontitis, celiac disease), trace elements (selenium, iron), cytokines (growth differentiation factor 15), and gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Conclusion
We should pay attention to preventing and treating systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with endometriosis, celiac disease, and periodontitis. Take appropriate dietary supplements to increase serum iron and selenium levels to reduce the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. There should be no excessive intervention in lifestyles such as smoking and drinking.
A systematic review on post-discharge venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Amani-Beni Reza , Kermani-Alghoraishi Mohammad , Darouei Bahar , Reid Christopher M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE), not only during hospitalization but also after discharge, raising concerns about anticoagulant (AC) use for post-discharge COVID-19 patients. We aimed to systematically review the current literature on the possible benefits or risks regarding extended thromboprophylaxis.

Main body
We searched related databases from December 1, 2019, to October 6, 2022, including studies on the necessity, duration, and selection of the ideal AC regarding extended thromboprophylaxis for post-discharge COVID-19 patients. The screening of the selected databases led to 18 studies and 19 reviews and guidelines. Studies included 52,927 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, with 19.25% receiving extended thromboprophylaxis. VTE events ranging from 0 to 8.19% (median of 0.7%) occurred in a median follow-up of 49.5 days. All included studies and guidelines, except four studies, recommended post-discharge prophylaxis after an individual risk assessment indicating high thrombotic and low bleeding risk. Studies used risk assessment models (RAMs), clinical evaluation, and laboratory data to identify COVID-19 patients with a high risk of VTE. IMPROVE-DD was the most recommended RAM. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) were the most used AC classes.

Conclusions
Post-discharge prophylaxis for COVID-19 patients is recommended after an individual assessment. The IMPROVE-DD model can help predict VTE risk. After distinguishing patients who need post-discharge AC therapy, DOACs for 30–35 days and LMWHs for 40–45 days can be the drug of choice. Further studies, particularly the results of the ongoing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), are required. Also, to properly handle such patients, every physician should consider lifestyle modification in addition to pharmacological treatment for post-discharge VTE prophylaxis.
Evaluating the efficiency of a living wall facade as a sustainable energy-saving alternative in hot arid regions
Authors: Ramadhan Ayah Mohamed , Mahmoud Ayman Hassaan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBuildings can generate heat from a variety of sources, including building occupants, the sun, lighting and radiance, and cooling equipment, the energy consumed by which results in heat. Egypt is experiencing rapid economic growth, improvements in urban spaces, and a reduction in green space, all of which contribute to the occurrence of environmental problems such as pollutants, increased CO2 emissions, and increased energy consumption. Furthermore, the study focuses on the cases of architectural buildings that have been combined with living green facade as an innovative facade in order to address the energy crisis and climate change. The study on live greening techniques on building facades has raised a lot of interest. The primary purpose of this research is to utilize simulation software to manage the energy consumption usage of a green facade and compare energy demand levels to the basic scenario. Living green façades can offer zone-sensitive cooling on building facades, which is especially important during summer sessions in hot areas. Green facade cooling loads have an effect on interior air quality by keeping the façade from warming up. The research investigates the cooling impact of three types of living green walls in Egypt using Design-Builder simulation software. To estimate the energy consumption rates of the base case building, the Design-Builder simulation program was used in conjunction with the Energy Plus engine. According to the findings, the indirect green façade with planter boxes of green walls has reduced the high energy consumption compared to the buildings with direct and indirect green façade, increased thermal comfort, and reduced CO2 emissions. As a result of the estimation, it was determined that the energy demand standards of the living wall were lower than the energy demand standards of buildings without the living wall of the same measurement, saving 75% of the energy.
Improved geoelectrical resistivity monitoring for earthquake precursors near the Xinfengjiang reservoir of southern China, with a fixed Wenner array of downhole electrodes in four separated boreholes
Authors: Lu Jun , Xie Tao , Li Mei , Ye Qing , Yao Li , Wang Yali , Wang Zhongping , Yu Chen , Liu Jiping , Chai Jianyong 
Published: August 2023

Over the past five decades, a geoelectrical resistivity monitoring experiment using fixed electrode arrays has been conducted at Heyuan in the Guangdong Province of China for detecting possible earthquake precursors near the Xinfengjiang reservoir. A pair of surface quasi-Wenner arrays designed to monitor temporal resistivity variations have been used in two oblique directions of N27°E and N80°W with electrode spacings AB/MN of 997 m/315 m and 1032 m/328 m, respectively. To reduce the effects of near-surface environmental changes, an improved experiment has been introduced in August 1992, using a subsurface Wenner array in the direction of N80°W with electrode spacings AB/MN of 54 m/18 m, consisting of downhole electrodes in four horizontally separated boreholes at the same depth of 65 m. During the experimental period of August 1992 to December 1996, a continuously downward trend in apparent resistivity with the improved downhole array and a peculiar annual variation with the conventional surface arrays have been observed. For the same period, no notable earthquakes occur in and around the Xinfengjiang reservoir. The field tests indicate that the downward trend of apparent resistivity was due to the aging of one of the current electrodes. By using simple layered models, we develop a sensitivity analysis to design a monitoring array with minimum environmental effects and to explain the observed resistivity variations, such as a paradoxical resistivity behavior related with negative sensitivity. No significant resistivity variations, which could be attributed to earthquake activity of magnitude 3.4 or less in the study area, are detected. We prove that the two monitoring methods with the modified subsurface Wenner and the conventional surface quasi-Wenner arrangements can complement each other to efficiently estimate a change in the electrical properties of rocks and reduce the ambiguity in the interpretation of apparent resistivity data.
Strategically positioning non-competitive individuals can rescue cooperation in scale-free networks
Authors: Wang Jianwei , Yu Fengyuan , Zhang Xinyi , Feng Xinwenqi , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cooperation rescue in populations has long been a challenging problem, and previous studies have suggested that strategically placing cooperators in important positions in structured populations at the initial moment can obtain the opportunity of cooperation expansion. How to effectively lay out the location and place personalized nodes occupies a very important position in solving social dilemmas. However, most previous studies have focused on how the distribution of initial cooperators or defectors in homogeneous groups affects evolutionary outcomes, and relatively few studies have examined the placement of individuals with invariant heterogeneous characteristics. To enrich this research, we extend the cooperation rescue model to investigate the importance of the positional layout of two types of individuals with heterogeneous social value orientation characteristics in BA scale-free networks. Our study specifically investigates the impact of the distribution of non-competitive individuals on cooperation. We introduce non-competitive individuals into a BA scale-free network with only competitive individuals using different ranking rules. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of non-competitive individuals can promote cooperation. Furthermore, we determine the minimum number of nodes required to sustain cooperation under different ranking rules. In summary, our study emphasizes the importance of non-competitive individuals being placed in positions of importance for cooperation to flourish.
Comparison of Matlantis and VASP Bulk Formation and Surface Energies in Metal Hydrides, Carbides, Nitrides, Oxides, and Sulfides
Authors: Mine Shinya , Toyao Takashi , Shimizu Ken-ichi , Hinuma Yoyo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Generic neural network potentials without forcing users to train potentials could result in significant acceleration of total energy calculations. Takamoto et al. [Nat. Commun. (2022), 13, 2991] developed such a deep neural network potential (NNP) and made it available in their Matlantis package. Matlantis bulk formation energies of metal hydrides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, and sulfides were consistently ∼0.1 eV/atom larger and the surface energies were typically ∼10 meV/Å2 smaller than our previously calculated PBEsol(+U) VASP energies.
Interactions of Mono- and Divalent Host Molecules with Multi- and Divalent Guest Molecules
Authors: Ishitsuka Koki , Nakahata Masaki , Kamon Yuri , Hashidzume Akihito 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The interactions of mono- and divalent host molecules with multi- and divalent guest molecules in aqueous media were investigated by steady-state fluorescence or NMR measurements. The multivalent and two-step interactions were observed depending on the combination of the host and guest molecules.
Supporting Physical Activity Lifestyle Change
Authors: Breckon Jeff 
Published: August 2023

Apply it!
By reading this article, you will learn:
• By “coming alongside” the athlete, you will begin to build greater engagement and have the athlete demonstrate greater autonomy toward their change.
• To avoid “traps” in the conversation such as the expert trap, question–answer trap, and prematurely fixing without fully understanding the athlete's perception of the challenge.
• To use the athlete as the best resource for change strategies—work together to identify action plans that are flexible and based on their readiness to change.
• Relapse is a normal part of change; be patient and flexible as the athlete experiences how this feels and build in maintenance strategies to the change plan.
Identification of macronutrients by FT-IR analysis and physicochemical characterization of snacks elaborated from quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis)
Authors: Castillo-Guaca Sandra María , Muñoz-Pabon Karen Sofia , Bravo-Gómez Jesús Eduardo , Roa-Acosta Diego Fernando , Vergara Escobar Juan Fernando 
Published: August 2023

Background: Currently, the consumption of high-protein foods that replace animal sources is increasing, a trend that promotes the design of new food systems. Spectroscopy methods with physicochemical tests allow for rapid and reliable identification of macronutrients and bioactive compounds. Methods: Snacks were made using hyperproteic quinoa flour (HPQF) and sacha inchi flour (SIF) through an extrusion process and subsequent compression molding. Spectra infrared (IR) analysis was used to identify macronutrients such as starch, proteins, lipids, and fiber. Specific frequencies were selected that provided the greatest discrimination of the sample. Physicochemical measurements were performed using extractable (EPC) and hydrolyzable (HPC) phenolic compound analyses, carotenoid content, and antioxidant capacity through ABTS• + (2,2-azinobis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods. Color and texture parameters of the snacks were also measured. Results: The identification of macronutrients using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy – attenuated total reflectance (FTIR–ATR) was as follows: lipids showed two characteristic peaks at 2870 and 2960 cm−1; protein showed three peaks at 1540, 1630, and 1660 cm −1; starch showed two peaks at 1170 and 1155 cm −1. Regarding the content of free polyphenols, hydrolyzable polyphenols and carotenoids, the mixtures added with the highest inclusion of quinoa, i.e. 50%, showed the highest values of 3.05 mg GAE/g, 14.16 mg GAE/g and 14.06 µg-β carotene/g of dry base sample, respectively. The snacks showed significant differences (p<0.05) in the antioxidant properties determined by the ABTS and FRAP methods, with the highest values in the samples with 50% HPQF. The inclusion of HPQF was associated with a higher browning index, and snacks with a higher quinoa content exhibited greater hardness and crispness. Conclusions: Snacks were obtained with protein percentages between 26–33%, containing bioactive compounds, gluten-free, and without the addition of oil during their production.
Strengths and weaknesses of the South-South Learning Exchange: a qualitative analysis of experts’ perspectives
Authors: Triulzi Isotta , Kabra Rita , Allagh Komal Preet , Kiarie James 
Published: August 2023

Background: South-South learning exchange (SSLE) refers to an interactive learning process where peers exchange knowledge and experience to work towards a beneficial change. Despite organizations having recently increased the opportunity to run SSLEs, the SSLE support mechanisms and processes are not well documented in the scientific literature. This study explored experts’ perspective on SSLEs, strengths, weaknesses and mechanisms leading to outcomes. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews on experience of participants and organizers of SSLEs. Data were collected between 1st September 2021 to 26th November 2021. All data were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed. In the analysis, we adopted an inductive approach derived from thematic analysis. Results: Sixteen experts who have participated in or facilitated one or more SSLE were interviewed. Experts’ accounts demonstrated an appreciation of participants’ empowerment, positive peer-to-peer “mind change” and convincing and powerful hands-on learning of this approach as strengths in the successful implementation of the SSLE. Being resource heavy, participant reluctance and absence of a validated methodology emerged as main weaknesses of the South-South learning approach, which could impair the effectiveness of this scheme. Conclusions: The SSLE is a promising approach to exchange knowledge and experience to work toward a desired change. This study suggested that this approach could gain robustness and credibility adopting a validated and systematic methodology. Furthermore, national and international funds improve availability of and accessibility to learning on the SSLE.
Is Personalized Pricing Profitable When Firms Can Differentiate?
Authors: Li Xi , Wang Xin (Shane) , Nault Barrie R. 
Published: August 2023

We consider the role of personalized pricing (PP) on product differentiation when PP is costly to implement. Using a stylized yet commonly used formulation, we find that when firms decide on positioning before deciding on PP implementation, PP implementation cost affects not only the amount of differentiation firms choose in their positioning, firm profits, consumer surplus, and social welfare, but also whether firms implement PP. When PP implementation cost is low, firms cannot help but to implement PP and engage in direct price competition. Moreover, firms implementing PP reduce their differentiation, further intensifying price competition, and are worse off. When PP implementation cost is moderate, firms position to reduce their differentiation to commit to not implementing PP, again aggravating price competition. In contrast, when PP implementation cost is higher, firms increase their differentiation due to the threat of PP but do not implement PP. As a result, the availability of PP improves firm profits, even though firms do not implement PP. However, if differentiation is restricted, then PP availability cannot improve firm profits. If an information seller sets the PP implementation cost, then it sets the cost low. Consequently, firms implement PP and are worse off. We also find that when firms decide whether to implement PP before deciding on positioning, they never implement PP. This is the case when PP implementation is complex, and differentiation can be affected by short-run advertising and promotion. Finally, we show that banning PP can benefit consumers when accounting for changes in firm positioning. This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu, information systems. Funding: This work was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [Grant 21500920]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02740 .
Fast modal reconstruction of large plane wavefronts from sparse measurements using Shack–Hartmann sensors
Authors: Berlakovich Nikolaus , Csencsics Ernst , Senoner Damian , Schitter Georg 
Published: August 2023

A concept for the fast measurement and reconstruction of optical
wavefronts using Shack–Hartmann sensors (SHSs) is presented. For
wavefronts with a diameter at the scale of several tens of
millimeters, hundreds of measurements with an SHS may be necessary to
cover the wavefront. In the proposed concept, a few SHSs are used to
measure about 2% of the entire wavefront, providing sufficient
measurement data for its successful reconstruction. The small number
of SHSs mounted in parallel makes the concept suitable for
time-critical applications. A simulation analysis is performed, and an
experimental validation of the concept is presented, demonstrating
that the wavefront can be reconstructed with an RMS error of about
100 nm.
Modeling and performance analysis of underwater wireless optical absorption, scattering, and turbulence channels employing Monte Carlo-multiple phase screens
Authors: Wen Hao , Yin Hongxi , Ji Xiuyang , Huang An 
Published: August 2023

The absorption, scattering, and turbulence effects have a significant impact on the performance of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). Therefore, it is crucial to consider seawater’s optical parameters comprehensively when designing UWOC systems. So far, most studies on the UWOC channel have separately modeled the absorption and scattering, and turbulence of seawater, and furthermore, the continuous phase perturbations caused by turbulence are neglected to simplify the model when modeling turbulence channels. Hence, this paper simultaneously considers the absorption, scattering, and turbulence effects of seawater and proposes a UWOC channel modeling method that combines Monte Carlo simulation with multiple phase screen approaches. Subsequently, the impacts of different systems and channel conditions on system performance are explored, and simulation results indicate that as the turbidities and turbulence intensities of the seawater increase, the probability density function of received light signal intensity becomes more dispersed. The turbulence introduces an increase in path loss of approximately 5 dB compared to its absence. Furthermore, the channel impulse response (CIR) is obtained, where the turbulence effects cause a 50% decrease in the CIR peak and the noticeable temporal spread.