bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sipunculus nudus genome provides insights into evolution of spiralian phyla and development
Authors: Qi Yi , Chen Liang , Wu Binhua , Tang Xiaoning , Zhu Xiao , Li Ru , Wu Kefeng , Luo Hui 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionSipunculus nudus is the most known species in the genus Sipunculus, distributed in tropical and subtropical coastal waters.MethodsPacBio sequencing and Illumina sequencing were combined for whole-genome sequencing of S. nudus. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed for the metabolomics of S. nudus.ResultsHerein, we report a 1.75 Gb complete genome assembly with a contig N50 size of 450 kb of the S. nudus based on a strategy combining third-generation long-read sequencing and Illumina sequencing. A total of 80391 protein-coding genes are annotated in this genome. Furthermore, gene family evolution analysis shows that S. nudus belonged to Mollusca or was close to Mollusca, but distinct with Annelida. Transcriptome analysis indicates the involvement of complex developmental events in larve. KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the pathway of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and transport and catabolism. LC-MS/MS analysis shows that S. nudus was rich in a variety of nutritional and functional components, such as carnitine, free amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, inosine and methionine sulfoxide. Combined transcriptome with LC-MS/MS analysis, the results showed that gene expression and metabolic level involved in the inosine, arginine and proline biosynthesis of S. nudus during different growth stages were significantly changed.DiscussionOur genome assembly provides an important genome resource and new insight into the relationships of Sipuncula to other spiralian phyla. Meanwhile, transcriptome and LC-MS/MS analysis reveal the systematic gene expression profiles and metabolite components of S. nudus during different growth stages, which provide new insight into the exploration and development of bioactive molecules of S. nudus.
Shoreline change due to global climate change and human activity at the Shandong Peninsula from 2007 to 2020
Authors: Gao Wei , Du Jun , Gao Shan , Xu Yuanqin , Li Bing , Wei Xia , Zhang Zhuoli , Liu Jie , Li Ping 
Published: January 2023

In this study, how shoreline change responses to global climate change and human activity at the Shandong Peninsula was quantified by analyzing shoreline locations, inshore erosion/accretion rates, and sandy beach profiles for 2007–2020. During the study period, the total shoreline length decreased from 3345.55 km to 3310.18 km, whereas the natural shoreline decreased by 25.41%. As a dominant shore type, the artificial shoreline increased by 827.89 km. Human activities, such as land reclamation and harbor construction, have caused continuous shoreline advance, resulting in a net land increase of 672.40 km2. However, natural shores (e.g., sandy shore) receded at an average annual rate of −1.0 m due to ongoing erosion. The inshore waters of the Shandong Peninsula were largely sedimentary as erosion occurred only at a few hotspots. Therefore, seaward sediment deposition dominated the erosion/accretion trends of the inshore areas of the peninsula. However, global climate change and human activities have exacerbated the erosion caused by sea level rise. Specifically, the climate change caused absolute sea level rise and increasing frequency of extreme weather events, whereas the human activity dominated the transport and supply of sediment in the coastal zone. In the short term, the shoreline of the Shandong Peninsula continues to advance toward the sea due to the growing artificial shoreline. However, this disrupts the balance between sediment supply and marine energies in the coastal zone, and the system then rebalance itself by eroding unprotected natural shores. In the long term, main shoreline evolution trends depend on global climate change and sea level rise which plays a decisive role in shoreline retreat in the Shandong Peninsula.
Improving care for patients with Clostridioides difficile infection: A clinical practice and healthcare systems perspective
Authors: Hocking Lucy , Wilcox Mark , Petrosillo Nicola , Griffin Paul , Steiner Theodore , Attara Gail , Doré Joel , Cabling Mark , Stockwell Stephanie , Romanelli Robert J. , Marjanovic Sonja 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionArriving at a C. difficile infection (CDI) diagnosis, treating patients and dealing with recurrences is not straightforward, but a comprehensive and well-rounded understanding of what is needed to improve patient care is lacking. This manuscript addresses the paucity of multidisciplinary perspectives that consider clinical practice related and healthcare system-related challenges to optimizing care delivery.MethodsWe draw on narrative review, consultations with clinical experts and patient representatives, and a survey of 95 clinical and microbiology experts from the UK, France, Italy, Australia and Canada, adding novel multi-method evidence to the knowledge base.Results and discussionWe examine the patient pathway and variations in clinical practice and identify, synthesize insights on and discuss associated challenges. Examples of key challenges include the need to conduct multiple tests for a conclusive diagnosis, treatment side-effects, the cost of some antibiotics and barriers to access of fecal microbiota transplantation, difficulties in distinguishing recurrence from new infection, workforce capacity constraints to effective monitoring of patients on treatment and of recurrence, and ascertaining whether a patient has been cured. We also identify key opportunities and priorities for improving patient care that target both clinical practice and the wider healthcare system. While there is some variety across surveyed countries’ healthcare systems, there is also strong agreement on some priorities. Key improvement actions seen as priorities by at least half of survey respondents in at least three of the five surveyed countries include: developing innovative products for both preventing (Canada, Australia, UK, Italy, and France) and treating (Canada, Australia, and Italy) recurrences; facilitating more multidisciplinary patient care (UK, Australia, and France); updating diagnosis and treatment guidelines (Australia, Canada, and UK); and educating and supporting professionals in primary care (Italy, UK, Canada, and Australia) and those in secondary care who are not CDI experts (Italy, Australia, and France) on identifying symptoms and managing patients. Finally, we discuss key evidence gaps for a future research agenda.
Real-time associations among MS symptoms and cognitive dysfunction using ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Chen Michelle H. , Cherian Christine , Elenjickal Karen , Rafizadeh Caroline M. , Ross Mindy K. , Leow Alex , DeLuca John 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a wide range of disabling symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, and sleep difficulties. The current study aimed to examine real-time associations between non-cognitive and cognitive symptoms (latter measured both objectively and subjectively in real-time) using smartphone-administered ecological momentary assessment (EMA).MethodsForty-five persons with MS completed EMA four times per day for 3 weeks. For each EMA, participants completed mobile versions of the Trail-Making Test part B (mTMT-B) and a finger tapping task, as well as surveys about symptom severity. Multilevel models were conducted to account for within-person and within-day clustering.ResultsA total of 3,174 EMA sessions were collected; compliance rate was 84%. There was significant intra-day variability in mTMT-B performance (p &lt; 0.001) and levels of self-reported fatigue (p &lt; 0.001). When participants reported depressive symptoms that were worse than their usual levels, they also performed worse on the mTMT-B (p &lt; 0.001), independent of upper extremity motor functioning. Other self-reported non-cognitive symptoms were not associated with real-time performance on the mTMT-B [p &gt; 0.009 (Bonferroni-corrected)]. In contrast, when self-reported fatigue (p &lt; 0.001), depression (p &lt; 0.001), anxiety (p &lt; 0.001), and pain (p &lt; 0.001) were worse than the individual’s typical levels, they also reported more severe cognitive dysfunction at the same time. Further, there was a statistical trend that self-reported cognitive dysfunction (not mTMT-B performance) predicted one’s self-reported sense of accomplishment in real-time.DiscussionThe current study was the first to identify divergent factors that influence subjectively and objectively measured cognitive functioning in real time among persons with MS. Notably, it is when symptom severity was worse than the individual’s usual levels (and not absolute levels) that led to cognitive fluctuations, which supports the use of EMA in MS symptom monitoring.
Delivery of high flow oxygen through nasal vs. tracheal cannulas: A bench study
Authors: Cour Martin , Guérin Claude , Degivry Florian , Argaud Laurent , Louis Bruno 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe use of high flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) has significantly escalated during the COVID-19 pandemic. HFOT can be delivered through both dedicated devices and ICU ventilators. HFOT can be administered to a patient via a nasal cannula (NC). In intubated patients, a tracheal cannula (TC) is used instead. In this study, we aim to compare the work of breathing (WOB) using a TC or NC and to explore whether differences exist among HFOT devices.MethodsSeven HFOT devices (three dedicated and four ICU ventilators) were connected to a manikin head (Laerdal Medical) through a NC (Optiflow 3S, large size, Fisher and Paykel Healthcare) or a TC (OPT 970 Optiflow+, Fisher and Paykel Healthcare). Each device was also attached to a manikin head that was connected to a lung simulator (ASL5000, Ingmar Medical), set at 40 ml/cmH2O compliance, 10 cmH2O/L/s resistance, and sinusoidal inspiratory effort (muscular pressure 10 cmH2O, rate 30 breaths/min). HFOT was delivered at 40 L/min and at 21% inspired oxygen fraction. The total WOB per breath and its resistive and elastic components were automatically analyzed breath by breath over the last 20 breaths by using Campbell's diagram.ResultsThe WOB and its resistive and elastic components were significantly lower with the TC than with the NC for every device, and systematically lower with the reference device than with others. These differences were, however, very small and may be not clinically relevant.ConclusionThe WOB is lower with the TC than with the NC and with the reference device, compared with the most recent devices.
Dynamic changes in species richness and community diversity of symbiotic bacteria in five reproductive morphs of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Chen Ruifang , Luo Junyu , Zhu Xiangzhen , Wang Li , Zhang Kaixin , Li Dongyang , Gao Xueke , Niu Lin , Huangfu Ningbo , Ma Xiaoyan , Ji Jichao , Cui Jinjie 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionReproductive polymorphism and symbiotic bacteria are commonly observed in aphids, but their interaction remains largely unclear. In polymorphic aphid species (Aphis gossypii), offspring of parthenogenetic females (PFs) develops into sexuparae which produces gynoparae and males successively. Gynoparae further produces sexual females (SFs), and these sexual females mate with males to produce offspring.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the dynamic changes of symbiotic bacteria during the above-mentioned five reproductive morph switch in A. gossypii via 16S rRNA sequencing technology.ResultsThe results showed that species richness and community diversity of symbiotic bacteria in males were the highest. Proteobacteria was absolutely dominant bacterial phylum (with relative abundance of more than 90%) in the five reproductive morphs of A. gossypii, and Buchnera was absolutely dominant genus (with relative abundance of &gt;90%), followed by Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, and Pantoea. Male-killing symbiont Arsenophonus presented the highest relative abundance in gynoparae, a specific morph whose offsprings were exclusively sexual females. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis showed trans-generation similarity in microbial community structure between sexuparae and sexual females, between PFs and gynoparae. PICRUSt 2 analysis showed that symbiotic bacteria in the five reproductive morphs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways.DiscussionReproductive morph switch induced by environmental changes might be associated with bacterial community variation and sexual polymorphism of aphids. This study provides a new perspective for further deciphering the interactions between microbes and reproductive polymorphism in host aphids.
Impact of glycosylated hemoglobin on early neurological deterioration in acute mild ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Han Lin , Hou Zhangyan , Ma Mingwei , Ding Dongxue , Wang Dapeng , Fang Qi 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveIn patients with acute mild ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis, the relationship between chronic hyperglycemic status and their early neurological deterioration (END) and clinical outcomes is unclear. We attempted to analyze the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and END and 90-day functional outcomes.Participants and methodsThe research comprised 267 patients with acute mild ischemic stroke. The incidence of END and functional outcomes at 90 days were evaluated between subgroups. END was defined in this study as a rise of at least 1 point in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within 72 h of admission, with an excellent outcome of a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–1 at 90 days following stroke beginning. The association between HbA1c and END, and clinical outcomes in patients with mild stroke, was assessed by logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors. In addition, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to predict the predictive value of HbA1c for the incidence of END.ResultsThere were 38 patients who suffered END and 105 patients who had disabled functional outcomes at 90 days. In multivariate analysis, elevated HbA1c levels were associated with END (adjusted OR = 1.476; 95% CI: 1.129–1.928; p = 0.004). With HbA1c greater than 7.75%, the ROC curve predicted a higher risk of END. However, they were not associated with patients’ functional outcomes at 90 days.ConclusionHbA1c levels were an independent predictor of END in patients with mild stroke, while there was no effect on functional outcomes at 90 days. The impact of HbA1c on functional prognosis may be a contributing factor rather than a direct factor.
Acupuncture for the treatment of overactive bladder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Jung-Ju , Heo Jeong-Weon , Choi Tae-Young , Jun Ji Hee , Lee Myeong Soo , Kim Jong-In 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAcupuncture (AT) successfully regulates overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. However, previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have not provided sufficient evidence. This review presents the current evidence of the efficacy of AT in the management of OAB symptoms.Methods and analysesA total of 12 databases were searched from their inception: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and AMED databases; five Korean medical databases; and three Chinese medical databases. Study selection, data extraction, and assessment were independently performed by two researchers. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. RevMan 5.4.1 software was used for data aggregation, and the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment was used to evaluate the quality of the study outcomes.ResultsA total of 30 studies were included in this review. Compared with the sham AT group, the AT group exhibited significant effects in reducing overactive bladder symptom scores (OABSS) [mean difference (MD): −1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): −2.01 to −0.26, p = 0.01 I2 = 67%] and urinary frequency [standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.35, 95% CI: −0.62 to −0.08, I2 = 0%]. The AT group showed an equivalent effect as drug therapy in reducing OABSS (MD: −0.39, 95% CI: – 1.92 to 1.13, p = 0.61, I2 = 94%) and urinary frequency (MD: 0.74, 95% CI: −0.00 to 1.48, p = 0.05, I2 = 71%) with fewer adverse events [risk ratio (RR): 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16–0.92, p = 0.03, I2 = 58%]. The AT plus drug therapy group had a more favorable effect than drug therapy alone for reducing OABSS (MD: −2.28, 95% CI: −3.25 to −1.31, p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 84%) and urinary frequency (MD: −2.34, 95% CI: −3.29 to −1.38, p &lt; 0.00001, I2 = 88%). The GRADE assessment demonstrated that the level of evidence was mostly low or very low given the high risk of bias and small sample sizes.ConclusionAT had more favorable effects than sham AT in reducing OAB symptoms. AT improved OAB symptoms as effectively as conventional drug therapy, and the combination of AT and drug therapy had more favorable effects than drug therapy alone. However, more rigorous studies are needed to enhance the level of evidence.Systematic review registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42014010377, identifier: PROSPERO [CRD42014010377].
Hemodynamic MRI parameters to predict asymptomatic unilateral carotid artery stenosis with random forest machine learning
Authors: Gleißner Carina , Kaczmarz Stephan , Kufer Jan , Schmitzer Lena , Kallmayer Michael , Zimmer Claus , Wiestler Benedikt , Preibisch Christine , Göttler Jens 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundInternal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS) can cause stroke and cognitive decline. Associated hemodynamic impairments, which are most pronounced within individual watershed areas (iWSA) between vascular territories, can be assessed with hemodynamic-oxygenation-sensitive MRI and may help to detect severely affected patients. We aimed to identify the most sensitive parameters and volumes of interest (VOI) to predict high-grade ICAS with random forest machine learning. We hypothesized an increased predictive ability considering iWSAs and a decreased cognitive performance in correctly classified patients.Materials and methodsTwenty-four patients with asymptomatic, unilateral, high-grade carotid artery stenosis and 24 age-matched healthy controls underwent MRI comprising pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL), breath-holding functional MRI (BH-fMRI), dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC), T2 and T2* mapping, MPRAGE and FLAIR. Quantitative maps of eight perfusion, oxygenation and microvascular parameters were obtained. Mean values of respective parameters within and outside of iWSAs split into gray (GM) and white matter (WM) were calculated for both hemispheres and for interhemispheric differences resulting in 96 features. Random forest classifiers were trained on whole GM/WM VOIs, VOIs considering iWSAs and with additional feature selection, respectively.ResultsThe most sensitive features in decreasing order were time-to-peak (TTP), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR), all of these inside of iWSAs. Applying iWSAs combined with feature selection yielded significantly higher receiver operating characteristics areas under the curve (AUC) than whole GM/WM VOIs (AUC: 0.84 vs. 0.90, p = 0.039). Correctly predicted patients presented with worse cognitive performances than frequently misclassified patients (Trail-making-test B: 152.5s vs. 94.4s, p = 0.034).ConclusionRandom forest classifiers trained on multiparametric MRI data allow identification of the most relevant parameters and VOIs to predict ICAS, which may improve personalized treatments.
Acrolein-inducing ferroptosis contributes to impaired peripheral neurogenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Qi Haozhe , Kan Kejia , Sticht Carsten , Bennewitz Katrin , Li Shu , Qian Xin , Poschet Gernot , Kroll Jens 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with physiological disorders such as delayed wound healing, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Over 50% of diabetic patients will develop DPN, characterized by motor dysfunction and impaired sensory nerve function. In a previous study, we have uncovered acrolein (ACR) as an upstream initiator which induced impaired glucose homeostasis and microvascular alterations in zebrafish. Whether ACR has specific effects on peripheral neurogenesis and mediates DPN, is still waiting for clarification.MethodsTo evaluate the function of ACR in peripheral nerve development, in vivo experiments were performed in Tg(hb9:GFP) zebrafish. In addition, a series of rescue experiments, metabolomics assessment, and bioinformatics analysis was performed aimed at identifying the molecular mechanisms behind ACR’s function and impaired neurogenesis.ResultsImpaired motor neuron development was confirmed in wild-type embryos treated with external ACR. ACR treated embryos displayed ferroptosis and reduction of several amino acids and increased glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, ferroptosis inducer caused similarly suppressed neurogenesis in zebrafish embryos, while anti-ACR treatment or ferroptosis inhibitor could successfully reverse the detrimental phenotypes of ACR on neurogenesis in zebrafish.DiscussionOur data indicate that ACR could directly activate ferroptosis and impairs peripheral neurogenesis. The data strongly suggest ACR and activated ferroptosis as inducers and promising therapeutic targets for future DPN studies.
Chronic stress is associated with reward and emotion-related eating behaviors in college students
Authors: Tuluhong Muyesaier , Han Pengfei 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionStress is related to altered olfactory perception and eating behaviors. The current study investigated the association between chronic stress, food reward and perception of food and non-food odors among college students.MethodsSixty-one participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Brief Daily Stressors Screening Tool (BDSST). The detective threshold and suprathreshold perception (pleasantness, intensity, and familiarity) of two food (chocolate, strawberry) odors and a non-food (rose) odor were measured. Food reward and macronutrient preference were measured using the computerized Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire and the Macronutrient and Taste Preference Ranking task, respectively. Reward-related eating, emotional eating and eating-related inhibitory control were measured by the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the Reward-Based Eating Drive Scale (RED) scales.ResultsNeither the perceived stress or the severity of daily life stressor exposure was related to odor sensitivity, however, the PSS score was significantly correlated with pleasantness for strawberry odor (r = 0.329, p = 0.013). Chronic stress (PSS and BDSST scores) was significantly correlated with the DEBQ emotional eating and reward-related eating measured by RED (all ps &lt; 0.01). Moreover, the BDSST score was negatively correlated with subjective liking for low-calorie sweet foods (r = −0.46, p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionTogether, our preliminary results suggest disassociated effect of chronic stress on odor perception and eating behaviors.