bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of airfoils for enhancement of photosynthesis rate of microalgae in raceways
Authors: Inostroza Cristian , Dávila Javier , Román Sergio , Fernández-Sevilla José M. , Acién F. Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The lack of adequate vertical mixing is one of the factors limiting the productivity of open raceway microalgae reactors. The existence of large gradients of light involves the cells being mainly adapted to local irradiance instead of average irradiance, which would allow for maximizing the light utilization efficiency, thus maximizing the biomass productivity of microalgae cultures. To overcome this problem, different alternatives have been proposed, one of the more suitable being the utilization of airfoils to improve vertical mixing. In this work, numerical and experimental studies were performed to analyse the effect of the aerodynamic airfoils patented by the University of Seville (WO2020120818A1). The goal is to improve the photosynthetic efficiency, but also a better understanding of the light regime to which the microalgae cells are exposed in these systems and how to improve it. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to optimize the flow generated by the airfoils. A dynamic photosynthesis model of Rubio Camacho et al. (Biotechnol Bioeng 81:459–473, 2003) was used to estimate the photosynthesis rate as a function of the light regime to which the cells are exposed, including photo-adaptation and photo-inhibition phenomena, the results confirm that the use of airfoils improves the vertical mixing and the photosynthesis rate. The photosynthetic benefits were observed 10 m downstream of the airfoils, resulting in an increase in photosynthesis rate and productivity by up to 30%. These results confirm the benefits of an increase in mixing in microalgae cultures, especially when focusing on the movement of the cells between the different illuminated zones while maintaining low energy consumption and capital expenses.
Using Precision Teaching to Improve Typically Developing Student’s Mathematical Skills Via Teleconferencing
Authors: Kapoor Geetika , Vostanis Athanasios , Mejía-Buenaño Suzy , Langdon Peter E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of Precision Teaching in improving typically developing students’ mathematical skills when delivered via teleconferencing in India. Four students received Precision Teaching, while nine acted as control participants. Precision teaching involved instruction in three mathematical skills; two prerequisite skills and the primary skill of mixed addition and subtraction facts. Instruction included untimed practice, timed practice, goal-setting, graphing, and a token economy. Participants who received Precision Teaching received ten practice sessions for the prerequisite skills and 55 sessions for the primary skill. The results demonstrated improvements in the prerequisite skills of varied magnitude and considerable improvements in the primary skill, which were maintained above baseline performance levels. In addition, those who received Precision Teaching were below the 15th percentile rank at the initial assessment and above the 65th percentile at the post-intervention assessment in the math fluency subtest of the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement—Third Edition. Control participants did not demonstrate similar improvements. Results suggest that Precision Teaching could produce accelerated outcomes even when delivered via teleconferencing. Therefore, it could be a valuable system for helping students ameliorate potential learning losses resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
ERBB Receptors and Their Ligands in the Developing Mammary Glands of Different Species: Fifteen Characters in Search of an Author
Authors: Morato Alessia , Accornero Paolo , Hovey Russell C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ERBB tyrosine kinase receptors and their ligands belong to a complex family that has diverse biological effects and expression profiles in the developing mammary glands, where its members play an essential role in translating hormone signals into local effects. While our understanding of these processes stems mostly from mouse models, there is the potential for differences in how this family functions in the mammary glands of other species, particularly in light of their unique histomorphological features. Herein we review the postnatal distribution and function of ERBB receptors and their ligands in the mammary glands of rodents and humans, as well as for livestock and companion animals. Our analysis highlights the diverse biology for this family and its members across species, the regulation of their expression, and how their roles and functions might be modulated by varying stromal composition and hormone interactions. Given that ERBB receptors and their ligands have the potential to influence processes ranging from normal mammary development to diseased states such as cancer and/or mastitis, both in human and veterinary medicine, a more complete understanding of their biological functions should help to direct future research and the identification of new therapeutic targets.
High-Order Semi-implicit Schemes for Evolutionary Partial Differential Equations with Higher Order Derivatives
Authors: Sebastiano Boscarino 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work is to apply a semi-implicit (SI) strategy in an implicit-explicit (IMEX) Runge–Kutta (RK) setting introduced in Boscarino et al. (J Sci Comput 68:975–1001, 2016) to a sequence of 1D time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) with high order spatial derivatives. This strategy gives a great flexibility to treat these equations, and allows the construction of simple linearly implicit schemes without any Newton’s iteration. Furthermore, the SI IMEX-RK schemes so designed does not need any severe time step restriction that usually one has using explicit methods for the stability, i.e. $$\Delta t = {\mathcal {O}}(\Delta t^k)$$

Δ
t
=
O
(
Δ

t
k

)

for the kth ($$k \ge 2$$

k
≥
2

) order PDEs. For the space discretization, this strategy is combined with finite difference schemes. We illustrate the effectiveness of the schemes with many applications to dissipative, dispersive and biharmonic-type equations. Numerical experiments show that the proposed schemes are stable and can achieve optimal orders of accuracy.
Did the Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid Expansion Change Cohabitation Trends?
Authors: Gough Courtney Margaret 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study builds on past research to examine whether the Medicaid expansion provision of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) affected cohabitation rates among adults ages 18–40. This provision of the ACA was designed to expand health insurance coverage for low-income individuals. The expansion has been demonstrated to have effects beyond increased access to health services, including effects on financial health, marriage, fertility, and child support payments. Nationally representative data from the 2007 to 2019 Current Population Surveys (N = 45,129–695,629) were used to estimate difference-in-difference models of the effect of the Medicaid expansion on cohabitation. Results indicate generally positive effects of the Medicaid expansion on cohabitation, but effects are primarily limited to states expanding in 2014 and are seen 2 years after expansion. Subgroup analyses indicate some heterogeneity by parenthood and race/ethnicity; results are robust to the exclusion of early and late expansion states and to a wider age range. Findings are consistent with behavior around eligibility notches and changes in non-economic factors post-expansion that may influence cohabitation decisions. As states continue to expand Medicaid coverage, such trends may be increasingly evident.
Disentangling Occupational Sorting from Within-Occupation Disparities: Earnings Differences Among 12 Gender–Race/Ethnicity Groups in the U.S.
Authors: Alonso-Villar Olga , del Río Coral 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper quantifies the role that occupations play in explaining wage differences among 12 gender–race/ethnicity groups without including occupations as control variables in wage equations. Our approach, based on a counterfactual analysis that involves a re-weighting scheme, has three advantages. First, it allows enlarging the small list of occupations usually employed in the literature. Second, it directly addresses the fact that occupational sorting is not a gender- and race-blind mechanism. Third, it allows for the comparison of all the groups simultaneously after controlling for characteristics. Our analysis shows that, after controlling for characteristics other than gender and race/ethnicity, occupational segregation accounts for around 40–50% of the earnings losses of White, Hispanic, Native American, and “other race” women (relative to the economy’s average wage) and it reaches 63% in the case of Black women. Black men’s occupational sorting also harms them after controlling for attributes, a finding that we do not see in any other male group. On the contrary, around half of the earnings advantages of White and Asian men arises from their occupational sorting. Additionally, this paper develops a decomposition that allows identifying the occupations that bring losses/gains to each group beyond what is expected based on its characteristics, which is also a novelty in respect to what has been done in the literature.
Universal Transfers, Tax Breaks and Fertility: Evidence from a Regional Reform in Norway
Authors: Hart Rannveig Kaldager , Galloway Taryn A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe relatively high fertility in the Nordic countries has attracted considerable academic and political interest. Still, the causal relationship between economic circumstances and fertility in the Nordic context is poorly understood. This paper estimates the effect of tax breaks and universal transfers on fertility in the Nordic context. We analyze the fertility effects of a regional child benefit and tax reform implemented in the northern municipalities of the Norwegian county Troms, using the southern municipalities of the same county as a plausible and empirically similar control group. We use a difference-in-difference/event study design, and estimate multivariate models on individual-level data from administrative registers for the full population. The reform increased fertility among women in their early 20 s. The effects are concentrated among unmarried women, who received the largest subsidies. Our findings suggest that favorable economic conditions have contributed to the relatively high fertility in the Nordic countries.
International Society for Quality of Life Research commentary on the US Food and Drug Administration draft guidance for industry on core patient-reported outcomes in cancer clinical trials
Authors: Brady Keri J. S. , Peipert John Devin , Atkinson Thomas M. , Pompili Cecilia , Pinto Monica , Shaw James W. , Roydhouse Jessica ,   The International Society for Quality of Life Research Clinical Practice Special Interest Group, the International Society for Quality of Life Research Clinical Practice Special Interest Group, the International Society for Quality of Life Research Regulatory Health, Technology Assessment Engagement Special Interest Group, and the International Society for Quality of Life Research Psychometrics Special Interest Group
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn June 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a draft guidance for industry on core patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and related considerations for instrument selection and trial design in registrational cancer clinical trials, building on prior communications about the use of PROs to assess efficacy and tolerability in oncology drug development. The International Society for Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL) Standards and Best Practices Committee led an initiative to draft a commentary about the guidance, focusing on its positive aspects and areas that would benefit from additional clarification and consideration. For comprehensiveness, the authors reviewed existing public comments on the draft guidance, and the commentary underwent a thorough review process through three ISOQOL Special Interest Groups (Psychometrics, Clinical Practice, and Regulatory and Health Technology Assessment Engagement) followed by the ISOQOL Board. The goal of this commentary is to situate this new and relevant guidance document within the context of recent regulatory efforts on PROs and highlight areas in which further work may ultimately benefit the field.
Health-related quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease: an observational prospective cohort study (IBSEN III)
Authors: Olsen Bjorn Christian , Opheim Randi , Kristensen Vendel A. , Høivik Marte Lie , Lund Charlotte , Aabrekk Tone Bergene , Johansen Ingunn , Holten Kristina , Strande Vibeke , Bengtson May-Bente , Ricanek Petr , Detlie Trond Espen , Bernklev Tomm , Jelsness-Jørgensen Lars-Petter , Huppertz-Hauss Gert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This unselected, population-based cohort study aimed to determine the level of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) at the time of diagnosis compared with a reference population and identify the demographic factors, psychosocial measures, and disease activity markers associated with HRQoL.

Methods
Adult patients newly diagnosed with CD or UC were prospectively enrolled. HRQoL was measured using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and Norwegian Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaires. Clinical significance was assessed using Cohen’s d effect size and further compared with a Norwegian reference population. Associations between HRQoL and symptom scores, demographic factors, psychosocial measures, and disease activity markers were analyzed.

Results
Compared with the Norwegian reference population, patients with CD and UC reported significantly lower scores in all SF-36 dimensions, except for physical functioning. Cohen’s d effect sizes for men and women in all SF-36 dimensions were at least moderate, except for bodily pain and emotional role for men with UC and physical functioning for both sexes and diagnoses. In the multivariate regression analysis, depression subscale scores ≥ 8 on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, substantial fatigue, and high symptom scores were associated with reduced HRQoL.

Conclusion
Patients newly diagnosed with CD and UC reported statistically and clinically significantly lower scores in seven of the eight SF-36 dimensions than the reference population. Symptoms of depression, fatigue, and elevated symptom scores were associated with poorer HRQoL.
Study of the Relationship Between Sunspot Number and the Duration of the ≈ 1.6 – 2.2 Year Period in Neutron Monitor Counting Rates
Authors: López-Comazzi A. , Blanco J. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeutron monitor counting rates show periodicities in the ≈ 1.6 – 2.2-year range. These periodicities have been associated with a solar origin affecting the cosmic ray propagation conditions through the heliosphere. Our hypothesis is that the periodicities in the ≈ 1.6 – 2.2-years range correspond to a single periodicity that changes its duration over time.López-Comazzi and Blanco (Astrophys. J.927(2), 155, 2022) found that the duration of the ≈ 1.6 – 2.2-year period ($\tau $
τ
) is linearly related to the average sunspot number ($SSN_{a}$
S
S

N
a

) in each solar cycle. The relationship shows that shorter ≈ 1.6 – 2.2-year periods occur during stronger cycles when $SSN_{a}$
S
S

N
a

is higher. Therefore, the duration of this period varies from one solar cycle to another. This study focuses on this relation. For obtaining this relation, the values of the duration of the ≈ 1.6 – 2.2-year period in global neutron monitor counting rates (a virtual station determined by averaging of the different neutron monitor counting rates along the world) along the Solar Cycles 20 – 24 have been used. We extend the sample by adding the duration of the ≈ 1.6 – 2.2-year period in Huancayo neutron monitor counting rates along Solar Cycle 19 to this linear relationship. Once the linear relationship is extended, $\tau $
τ
for the current Solar Cycle 25 is computed giving ≈ 2.24 years. Drawing on this more accurate relationship given by $SSN_{a} = (-120 \pm 10) \: \tau + (320 \pm 20)$
S
S

N
a

=
(
−
120
±
10
)

τ
+
(
320
±
20
)
, we computed $\tau $
τ
for the cycles previous to the existence of neutron monitors (Solar Cycles 7 – 18).These ≈ 1.6 – 2.2-year periodicities in neutron monitor counting rates could be produce by variations in the solar magnetic field due to an internal mechanism of the solar dynamo called Rossby waves. Concretely, the harmonic of fast Rossby waves with $m=1$
m
=
1
and $n=8$
n
=
8
fit with the detected ≈ 1.6 – 2.2-year periodicity. In addition, the variation of the solar magnetic-field strength from weaker to stronger solar cycles could explain the different periods detected in each cycle. Based on the detected periodicities using the dispersion relation for fast Rossby waves, a solar tachocline magnetic-field strength of ≈ 7 – 25 kG has been estimated.
A mathematical programming approach for resource allocation of data analysis workflows on heterogeneous clusters
Authors: Mohammadi Somayeh , PourKarimi Latif , Droop Felix , De Mecquenem Ninon , Leser Ulf , Reinert Knut 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScientific communities are motivated to schedule their large-scale data analysis workflows in heterogeneous cluster environments because of privacy and financial issues. In such environments containing considerably diverse resources, efficient resource allocation approaches are essential for reaching high performance. Accordingly, this research addresses the scheduling problem of workflows with bag-of-task form to minimize total runtime (makespan). To this aim, we develop a mixed-integer linear programming model (MILP). The proposed model contains binary decision variables determining which tasks should be assigned to which nodes. Also, it contains linear constraints to fulfill the tasks requirements such as memory and scheduling policy. Comparative results show that our approach outperforms related approaches in most cases. As part of the post-optimality analysis, some secondary preferences are imposed on the proposed model to obtain the most preferred optimal solution. We analyze the relaxation of the makespan in the hope of significantly reducing the number of consumed nodes.
Biochar, but not soil microbial additives, increase the resilience of urban plant species to low water availability
Authors: Manea Anthony , Tabassum Samiya , Lambert Martin , Cinantya Ariningsun , Ossola Alessandro , Leishman Michelle R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImpervious surfaces that characterise urban areas can make them harsh, water-limited places for plants to grow. To help alleviate plant stress under these challenging drought conditions, a range of soil additives can be utilised. Although well-studied individually, our understanding of the interaction between different soil additives in alleviating drought stress in urban areas is rudimentary. The aim of this study was to (1) assess the growth of urban horticultural plant species under drought stress and (2) determine whether drought stress in these species is alleviated by the use of soil additives, both individually and in combination. We grew six plant species (three trees, three graminoids) commonly planted in Australian urban areas under two watering regimes (drought-stressed, well-watered) and four soil additive treatments (no additive, microbial additive only, biochar only, microbial additive and biochar), and assessed their performance. We found that drought stress significantly reduced the growth of the six study species. Surprisingly, this decrease in growth was not reduced with the use of soil additives, despite biochar increasing soil water content and mycorrhizal colonisation when used in combination with the microbial additive. However, the addition of biochar significantly delayed the visual onset of drought stress across all species. Our results show that soil additives can be used as a cost-effective management strategy to increase plant resilience to drought stress in urban areas.
VOC species controlling O3 formation in ambient air and their sources in Kaifeng, China
Authors: Chen Yijia , Shi Yuqi , Ren Jie , You Guiying , Zheng Xudong , Liang Yue , Simayi Maimaiti , Hao Yufang , Xie Shaodong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The concentration of ozone has been in a rising crescendo in the last decade while the fine particles (PM2.5) is gradually decreasing but still at a high level in central China. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the vital precursors of ozone and PM2.5. A total of 101 VOC species were measured in four seasons at five sites from 2019 to 2021 in Kaifeng. VOC sources and geographic origin of sources were identified by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and the hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory transport model. The source-specific OH loss rates (LOH) and ozone formation potential (OFP) were calculated to estimate the effects of each VOC source. The average mixing ratios of total VOCs (TVOC) were 43.15 parts per billion (ppb), of which the alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, halocarbons, and oxygenated VOCs respectively accounted for 49%, 12%, 11%, 14%, and 14%. Although the mixing ratios of alkenes were comparatively low, they played a dominant role in the LOH and OFP, especially ethene (0.55 s−1, 7%; 27.11 μg/m3, 10%) and 1,3-butadiene (0.74 s−1, 10%; 12.52 μg/m3, 5%). The vehicle-related source which emitted considerable alkenes ranked as the foremost contributing factor (21%). Biomass burning was probably influenced by other cities in the western and southern Henan and other provinces, Shandong and Hebei.
Navigating the Ethical and Methodological Dimensions of a Farm Safety Photovoice Project
Authors: Becot Florence A. , Inwood Shoshanah M. , Buchanan Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScholars have noted persistent high rates of agricultural health and safety incidents and the need to develop more effective interventions. Participatory research provides an avenue to broaden the prevailing research paradigms and approaches by allowing those most impacted to illuminate and work to solve those aspects of their lives. One such approach is photovoice, an emancipatory visual narrative approach. Yet, despite its broad appeal, photovoice can be hard to implement. In this article, we leverage our experience using photovoice for a farm children safety project to describe and reflect on the ethical and methodological aspects broadly relevant to agricultural health and safety topics. We first contextualize the tensions of navigating between photovoice, the research ethics committees (RECs) regulatory frameworks, and competing views on visual representations in agriculture. We then discuss the sources of risks to participants and researchers, how we addressed these risks, and how these risks unfolded during the research phase of the photovoice activity. We conclude with three lessons we (re)learned: the importance of collaborating with RECs, the need to increase preparation to limit psychological risks to participants and researchers, and avenues to augment the emancipatory power of photovoice in a virtual environment.