bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistent edge effect patterns revealed using continuous surveys across an Eastern Mediterranean no-take marine protected area
Authors: Ohayon Sarah , Homma Hikaru , Malamud Shahar , Ostrovsky Ilia , Yahel Ruthy , Mehner Thomas , Kanari Mor , Belmaker Jonathan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBecause marine protected areas (MPAs) are not equally effective across their areas, monitoring should progress from dichotomic (within vs. outside) to a finer spatial resolution. Here, we examine the effect of an Eastern Mediterranean no-take MPA on fishes across the MPA and into fished areas, using three methods: underwater visual censuses, acoustic surveys, and towed-diver surveys. The Eastern Mediterranean includes non-indigenous species, so the effect of the MPA was also evaluated for its resistance to invasion. The fine-scale analysis revealed ecological phenomena that could not be captured by dichotomic sampling, such as the edge effect, a reduction of fish biomass along the MPA periphery. Despite their differences, all three methods revealed similar spatial patterns. The fine-scale analysis did not support a biotic resistance of the MPA to non-indigenous species. Our study supports the prevalence of edge effects even in well-enforced no-take MPAs and highlights the need for continuous monitoring to reveal these patterns.
High-precision and high-efficiency first-arrival slope tomography via eikonal solvers and the adjoint-state method
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Gulan , Hu Guanghui , Li Ke , Luo Yiliang , Liang Chenxi , Duan Jing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
First-arrival slope tomography (FAST) introduces first-arrival slopes, corresponding to the horizontal components of the slowness vectors at the receiver and source positions to supplement first-arrival traveltime for better guiding ray propagation in the media until the best match is achieved with the observed data. FAST can recover the velocity model with higher resolution and precision than first-arrival traveltime tomography (FATT) but is computationally intensive. In this context, we propose an improved approach, referred to as high-precision and high-efficiency first-arrival slope tomography (HFAST). HFAST redefines one of the slopes using the reciprocity principle and simultaneously employs the first-arrival traveltime and slopes to ensure high-quality model building. On the other hand, HFAST extracts calculated data and derives the gradient of the misfit function from the solutions of relatively limited forward and inverse problems, resulting in a low computational cost. The cost of HFAST is proportional to the minimum between the receivers and sources, whereas the cost of FAST is scaled to the sum of the receivers and sources. Numerical experiments involving the checkerboard and SEAM II Foothill models demonstrate that HFAST can achieve a higher inversion precision than FATT, especially in the recovery of small-scale anomalies and the presence of velocity reversal. Moreover, HFAST is more computationally efficient than FAST and suitable for managing large data sets. Therefore, HFAST can be regarded as a valuable supplement to current first-arrival-based model building methods and has the potential to be applied in static corrections, prestack depth migration and waveform inversion in the future.
GAMA/DEVILS: cosmic star formation and AGN activity over 12.5 billion years
Authors: D’Silva Jordan C J , Driver Simon P , Lagos Claudia D P , Robotham Aaron S G , Bellstedt Sabine , Davies Luke J M , Thorne Jessica E , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Bravo Matias , Holwerda Benne , Phillipps Steven , Seymour Nick , Siudek Malgorzata , Windhorst Rogier A 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We use the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) and the Deep Extragalactic Visible Legacy Survey (DEVILS) observational data sets to calculate the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) and active galactic nuclei (AGN) bolometric luminosity history (CSFH/CAGNH) over the last 12.5 billion years. SFRs and AGN bolometric luminosities were derived using the spectral energy distribution fitting code ProSpect, which includes an AGN prescription to self-consistently model the contribution from both AGN and stellar emission to the observed rest-frame ultra-violet to far-infrared photometry. We find that both the CSFH and CAGNH evolve similarly, rising in the early Universe up to a peak at look-back time ≈10 Gyr (z ≈ 2), before declining towards the present day. The key result of this work is that we find the ratio of CAGNH to CSFH has been flat ($\approx 10^{42.5}\, \mathrm{erg \, s^{-1}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }^{-1}\, yr}$) for 11 Gyr up to the present day, indicating that star formation and AGN activity have been coeval over this time period. We find that the stellar masses of the galaxies that contribute most to the CSFH and CAGNH are similar, implying a common cause, which is likely gas inflow. The depletion of the gas supply suppresses cosmic star formation and AGN activity equivalently to ensure that they have experienced similar declines over the last 10 Gyr. These results are an important milestone for reconciling the role of star formation and AGN activity in the life cycle of galaxies.
Astreaks: astrometry of NEOs with trailed background stars
Authors: Sharma Kritti , Kumar Harsh , Choudhary Harsh , Bhalerao Varun , Swain Vishwajeet , Bolin Bryce , Anupama G C , Barway Sudhanshu , Joharle Simran , Shenoy Vedant 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The detection and accurate astrometry of fast-moving near-Earth objects (NEOs) has been a challenge for the follow-up community. Their fast apparent motion results in streaks in sidereal images, thus affecting the telescope’s limiting magnitude and astrometric accuracy. A widely adopted technique to mitigate trailing losses is non-sidereal tracking, which transfers the streaking to background reference stars. However, no existing publicly available astrometry software is configured to detect such elongated stars. We present Astreaks, a streaking source detection algorithm, to obtain accurate astrometry of NEOs in non-sidereal data. We validate the astrometric accuracy of Astreaks on 371 non-sidereally tracked images for 115 NEOs with two instrument set-ups of the GROWTH-India Telescope. The observed NEOs had V-band magnitude in the range [15, 22] with proper motion up to 140 arcsec min−1, thus resulting in stellar streaks as high as 6.5 arcmin (582 pixels) in our data. Our method obtained astrometric solutions for all images with 100 per cent success rate. The standard deviation in observed-minus-computed (O–C) residuals is 0.52 arcsec with O–C residuals &lt;2 arcsec (&lt;1 arcsec) for 98.4 per cent (84.4 per cent) of our measurements. These are appreciable, given the pixel scale of ∼0.3 and ∼0.7 arcsec of our two instrument set-ups. This demonstrates that our modular and fully automated algorithm helps improve the telescope system’s limiting magnitude without compromising astrometric accuracy by enabling non-sidereal tracking on the target. This will help the NEO follow-up community cope with the accelerated discovery rates and improved sensitivity of the next-generation NEO surveys. Astreaks has been made available to the community under an open-source license.
Expressive Procedure
Authors: Assy Rabeea 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article explores the expressive dimension of procedural law, arguing that some procedural rules can be usefully understood as instruments of expression: they can express, or be employed to express, values, preferences and attitudes—independently of the economic incentives such rules create and regardless of the specific substantive law that governs the dispute. This is illustrated through two case studies that demonstrate how expressive considerations can underlie procedural rules, court decisions in relation to procedural matters and procedural choices that litigants make. The first is the requirement that litigants conduct civil proceedings in a diligent, honest and otherwise appropriate manner, which operates in part as an expressive norm, allowing courts to impose procedural sanctions as a way to condemn litigants’ behaviour. The second case study is the right to self-representation, which has been used by litigants in certain contexts as an act of protest against the legitimacy of the proceedings.
Schwinger–Dyson equation in the complex plane: Two simple models
Authors: Tanaka Hidekazu , Sasagawa Shuji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Effective mass and energy are investigated using the Schwinger–Dyson equation (SDE) in the complex plane. As simple examples, we solve the SDE for the (1+1)-dimensional model and strongly coupled quantum electrodynamics (QED). We also study some properties of the effective mass and energy in the complex plane.
Investigation of oxidative stress status and apoptotic markers of juvenile trout exposed to arsenic toxicity
Authors: Saç Hasan , Yeltekin Aslı Ç 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArsenic is one of the most abundant elements on earth. Arsenic, also called metalloid, is used as a raw material in many industries. Arsenic causes the acceleration of free radical production in the body and the resulting oxidative stress. In juvenile trout, the interactions of arsenic with metacomposition, biochemical analysis, and apoptosis stimuli were investigated. Results were demonstrated by several marker applications, including oxidative stress parameters, proinflammatory cytokine expressions, DNA damage, and apoptosis markers. In our study, arsenic was applied to juvenile trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 mg/L for 96 h. After exposure, the brain tissues of the fish were collected and homogenized. SOD the GSH-Px, CAT, and MDA levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods in the supernatants from the brain tissues of the juvenile trout. Levels of NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-6, Nrf-2, GSH, caspase-3, AChE, and 8-OHdG were determined with an ELISA kit. When the brain tissues of the fish were examined after the study, it was found that the levels of NF-kB, TNF-α, IL-6, Nrf-2, Caspza-3, MDA, and 8-OHdG increased, and the levels of GSH, CAT, SOD, AChE, and GSH-Px decreased. It was found that oxidative stress occurred as a result of the effect of the heavy metal arsenic in the brain tissues of the fish after application.
VIIIRenaissance Drama: Excluding Shakespeare
Authors: Fell Christopher , Paravano Cristina , Ragni Cristiano , Enjo Yuri 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter has three sections: 1. Editions and Textual Matters; 2. Theatre History; 3. Criticism. Section 1 is by Christopher Fell; section 2 is by Cristina Paravano; section 3(a) is by Cristiano Ragni; section 3(b) is by Yuri Enjo.
Nur77 is involved in the regulation of obesity‐related lower muscle mass by promoting Pten degradation
Authors: Chen Feng , Yu Yang , Tian Huanlian , Ma Guojing , Ma Ruze , Tian Tingting , Wang Difei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObesity may impair muscle function and is sometimes associated with lower muscle mass. However, the internal regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Nur77 has been reported to improve obesity phenotype by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species. Concurrently, Nur77 also plays an important role in muscle differentiation and development. We aimed to investigate the role of Nur77 in obesity‐related lower muscle mass. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments illustrated that the reduction of obesity‐related Nur77 accelerated the occurrence of lower muscle mass by interfering with the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of myoprotein synthesis and degradation. We further demonstrated that Nur77 activates the PI3K/Akt pathway by promoting Pten degradation, which enhances the phosphorylation of the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and inhibits the expression of skeletal muscle‐specific E3 ligases (MAFbx/MuRF1). Nur77 induces Pten degradation by increasing the transcription of its specific E3 ligase Syvn1. Our study confirms that Nur77 is a key factor in ameliorating obesity‐related lower muscle mass, providing a new therapeutic target and theoretical basis for the treatment of obesity‐related lower muscle mass.
The complexity of genitourinary syndrome of menopause: number, severity, and frequency of vulvovaginal discomfort symptoms in women enrolled in a randomized trial evaluating treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause
Authors: Mitchell Caroline M. , Larson Joseph C. , Reed Susan D. , Guthrie Katherine A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study is to describe the location, severity, and frequency of genitourinary symptoms in postmenopausal women enrolled in a randomized trial of treatment for vulvovaginal discomfort.

Methods
This is a post hoc analysis of enrollment responses for participants in the MsFLASH Vaginal Health Trial. Participants were asked about the severity (0-3), frequency (in days per week) and location (vulvar or vaginal) of itch, dryness, pain/soreness, irritation, as well as severity and frequency of pain with penetration, vaginal discharge, urinary incontinence, and urinary urgency.

Results
A total of 302 participants were enrolled, with a mean age of 60.9 ± 4.1 years. The mean number of moderate-severe vulvovaginal symptoms experienced by trial participants in the month before enrollment was 3.4 ± 1.5, with a range from 1 to 7. The most commonly reported symptom across all severity categories was vaginal dryness (285/302, 94%), but the one most frequently rated as severe was pain with vaginal penetration (121/302, 40%). Vaginal dryness was the symptom with highest frequency; 53% of participants with that symptom reported experiencing it ≥4 d/wk. For vaginal symptoms, 80% of participants (241/302) reported that at least one of these symptoms occurred during or after sex while only 43% (158/302) reported that at least one vulvar symptom occurred during or after sex. Urinary incontinence (202/302, 67%) and urinary frequency (128/302, 43%) were the two most commonly reported urinary issues.

Conclusions
Our data highlight the complexity of genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms in quantity, severity, and frequency, suggesting that measuring distress, bother, or interference may be the most comprehensive measure.
Evaluation of Atmospheric Conditions Leading to a Fumigation Event
Authors: Viner Brian , Weinbeck Steve , Sobecki Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
During the afternoon of 30 January 2022, the Savannah River Site experienced unusual temperature conditions leading to a fumigation event that triggered safety alarms and caused considerable confusion about the cause of the event. Normally, it is assumed that fumigation events occur early in the day once surface heating has begun. While most fumigation events are related to the breakup of a nocturnal inversion, this event was related to synoptic atmospheric conditions, which provided a more unique scenario that led to the fumigation event. The unusual synoptic atmospheric conditions led to the downwash and fumigation of the elevated plume, causing a pollutant to mix rapidly to the surface. These conditions could have potentially harmed workers within the facility, since the plume was directed toward a building air intake system. We seek to outline the conditions that led to this unusual fumigation event and provide results of two-dimensional (2D) wind modeling of the event to characterize these conditions for future operational guidance of the facility air intake systems. This work sets the groundwork for future high-resolution modeling to explore the mechanisms and thresholds affecting fumigation on the facility-specific short distance scales and improve forecasting of non-standard fumigation events to protect human health.
Association Between Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level and Bell's Palsy
Authors: Stahl Avishai , Biadsee Ameen , Hornik-Lurie Tzipi , Nageris Benny 
Published: July 2023

Objective
To investigate whether dysregulated thyroid hormone function is associated with Bell's palsy.

Study Design
Cross-sectional.

Setting
Electronic medical record database of Clalit Health Services (CHS). CHS is an Israeli payer-provider, integrated health care system, serving >4.5 million members (54% of the Israeli population).

Patients
Older than 18 years with Bell's palsy, during 2002 to 2019.

Interventions
None.

Methods
A total of 1,374 patients with Bell's palsy who had thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) blood levels measured up to 60 days before the palsy were matched (1:2) for age and sex with 2,748 controls who had TSH blood levels and no history of Bell's palsy.

Results
Retrospective review of the CHS database, from 2002 to 2019 yielded 11,268 patients with Bell's palsy, of which, 1,374 met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 57.9 years, and 61.4% were female. A higher percentage of patients in the Bell's palsy group had low TSH (≤0.55 mIU/L) compared with controls (5.7% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001). Low TSH compared with TSH > 0.55 mIU/L, was independently associated with 1.45-fold increased odds for having Bell's palsy (95% CI 1.11–2.02, p < 0.001), when controlled for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, prior cerebrovascular accident, hemoglobin level, and purchasing thyroid hormone drugs. Among the patients with TSH ≤ 0.55 mIU/L, 95.5% had normal free thyroxin and 97.7% had normal free triiodothyronine levels (subclinical hyperthyroidism). For 47.1% of patients, TSH remained ≤0.55 mIU/L, 3 to 12 months after the Bell's palsy occurred and most patients had normal free thyroxin (95.4%) and normal free triiodothyronine (91.8%).

Conclusions
Subclinical hyperthyroidism is independently associated with Bell's palsy after controlling for multiple confounding factors.
Characteristics and Possible Mechanisms of Direction-Reversing Nystagmus During Positional Testing in Patients With Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Li Xiang , Si Lihong , Song Ning , Wu Yuexia , Zhang Menglu , Feng Yufei , Yang Xu 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
The occurrence of direction-reversing nystagmus during positional testing in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is not uncommon. Further in-depth analysis of the characteristics and possible mechanisms of direction-reversing nystagmus will help us to diagnose and treat BPPV more precisely. The study aimed to analyze the incidence and characteristics of direction-reversing nystagmus during positional testing in BPPV patients, evaluate the outcomes of canalith repositioning procedure for these patients, and further explore the possible mechanism of reversal nystagmus in BPPV patients.

Study design
Retrospective study.

Setting
Single-center study.

Patients
A total of 575 patients with BPPV who visited the Vertigo Clinic of our hospital between April 2017 and June 2021 were enrolled.

Main outcome measures
Dix-Hallpike and supine roll tests were performed. The nystagmus was recorded using videonystagmography. The characteristics of direction-reversing nystagmus and the possible underlying mechanism were analyzed.

Results
Patients with BPPV who showed reversal nystagmus accounted for 9.39% (54 of 575) of all BPPV patients visiting our hospital during the same period, of which 5.57% (32 of 575) had horizontal semicircular canal BPPV (HC-BPPV), and 3.83% (22 of 575) had posterior semicircular canal BPPV (PC-BPPV). The maximum slow-phase velocities (mSPVs) of the first-phase nystagmus were greater in HC-BPPV and PC-BPPV patients with reversal nystagmus than those without (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). In all HC-BPPV and PC-BPPV patients with reversal nystagmus, the mSPV of the first-phase nystagmus was greater than that of the second-phase nystagmus (p < 0.01). The duration of the second-phase nystagmus was longer than 60 seconds in 93.75% (30 of 32) of the HC-BPPV patients and 77.27% (17 of 22) of the PC-BPPV patients (p = 0.107, Fisher exact test). HC-BPPV and PC-BPPV patients with reversal nystagmus both required more than one canalith repositioning procedure compared with those without (HC-BPPV: 75 versus 28.13%, p < 0.001; PC-BPPV: 59.09 versus 13.64%, p = 0.002).

Conclusions
The cause of second-phase nystagmus in BPPV patients with direction-reversing nystagmus may be related to the involvement of central adaptation mechanisms secondary to the overpowering mSPV of the first-phase nystagmus.
The Effect of Age on Facial Nerve Recovery After Vestibular Schwannoma Resection
Authors: Macielak Robert J. , Lohse Christine M. , Wallerius Katherine P. , Lawlor Skye K. , Neff Brian A. , Celda Maria Peris , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Driscoll Colin L.W. , Link Michael J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: July 2023

Objective
The objective of this study is to assess the influence of age on facial nerve recovery after microsurgical resection of sporadic vestibular schwannoma.

Study Design
A historical cohort study was performed.

Setting
The study was performed at a tertiary referral center.

Patients
The studied cohort included patients with a House-Brackmann (HB) Grade III or worse in the immediate postoperative period.

Interventions
The studied intervention was microsurgical resection.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measure was complete recovery of facial nerve function to HB Grade I at least 12 months postoperatively.

Results
There were six patients with intracanalicular tumors and 100 with cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors eligible for study. Given the few patients with intracanalicular tumors, no further analysis was pursued in this subset. For patients with CPA tumors, a multivariable analysis of several patient and tumor characteristics demonstrated age at surgery (odds ratio for 10-year increase of 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47–0.98; p = 0.04) and immediate postoperative HB grade (odds ratio for one-grade increase of 0.27; 95% CI, 0.15–0.50; p < 0.001) to be jointly significantly associated with complete recovery to HB Grade I, indicating that the likelihood of complete facial nerve recovery was higher for younger patients and for those with better immediate postoperative HB grades. For example, the predicted probability of complete facial nerve recovery for a 30-year-old with immediate postoperative HB Grade III was 0.76 (or 76% when expressed as a percentage), whereas the predicted probability for a 50-year-old with immediate postoperative HB Grade V was only 0.10.

Conclusions
After considering immediate postoperative HB grade, younger age at surgery was independently significantly associated with complete facial nerve recovery, which can assist in intraoperative decision-making regarding extent of resection and postoperative counseling.