bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difficult Bronchoscopy and Foreign Body Removal: Our Experience
Authors: S. Prabakaran , R.B. Namasivaya Navin , K. Gowthame , S.R. Karthika , S. Rajasekaran 
Published: April 2023

Foreign body in the airway is the most life-threatening situation. Most foreign bodies present as acute emergency and can be removed by endoscopy/bronchoscopy, while a few causes complication of a retained foreign body which requires emergency tracheostomy to secure airway followed by foreign body removal.
We report our experience in the management of three children who required tracheostomy through which bronchoscope was introduced and foreign body removed. All patients with unrecognized retained foreign body presented with respiratory distress with desaturation. Imaging was suggestive of atelectasis. After foreign body removal patients recovered well and decannulated by day 5.
Subglottis is the narrowest part of pediatric airway. As these foreign bodies were vegetative they are hygroscopic in nature and hence would not be able to remove the foreign body by bronchoscopic guidance. Hence, tracheostomy was done to provide access followed by bronchoscopic removal.
Aspirated foreign body present challenges to the ear, nose, and throat surgeon. Newer techniques enable removal of foreign body easier. Tracheostomy combined with bronchoscopy can be a life-saving and easy to perform procedure which involves removal of foreign body at the same time.
Antifungal Resistance Profile of Fungal Isolates from Fungal Rhinosinusitis Patients: A Study from Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sriramajayam Lavanya , Kaur Ravinder , Dhakad Megh Singh , Gulati Achal 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective Fungal rhinosinusitis is on the rise worldwide and it is endemic especially in North India. The main purpose of this study was to determine the antifungal resistance profile of fungal isolates from the cases of fungal rhinosinusitis.
Methods Antifungal susceptibility testing of isolated fungi to fluconazole, amphotericin B, itraconazole, and voriconazole was determined by standard CLSI broth microdilution method.
Results Sixty-eight fungal isolates of Aspergillus spp. (n = 49), Rhizopus spp. (n = 9), Candida spp. (n = 4), Penicillium spp. (n = 2), Mucor spp. (n = 2), Bipolaris spp. (n = 1), and Alternaria spp. (n = 1) were obtained from 60 different clinical samples as exudate from nasal mucosa (n = 28), allergic mucin (n = 8), nasal lavage (n = 2), tissue biopsy from nasal polyps (n = 14), and intraoperative nasal mucosa (n = 8). Of the 68 isolates, 75% were resistant to fluconazole, 13.23% were resistant to itraconazole, 2.94% to amphotericin B, and none were resistant to voriconazole. Aspergillus flavus (5%) was the only fungi found resistant to amphotericin B, while against itraconazole, A. flavus (7.5%) and A. niger (100%) were found resistant. All the isolates of A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, and Penicillium spp. were resistant to fluconazole.
Conclusion Although amphotericin B stills remains to be the most effective drug, more prospective studies are needed for the requirement of knowledge of the sensitivity pattern for optimal treatment and reduction in morbidity in the long run.
The technology, management, and culture of water in ancient Iran from prehistoric times to the Islamic Golden Age
Authors: Saatsaz Masoud , Rezaei Abolfazl 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite Iran’s longstanding reputation for sustainable water management, the country currently faces mounting water-related challenges caused by population growth, industrial development, urban sprawl, lifestyle changes, climate change, territorial conflicts, poor management, and insufficient public participation. Since past and present water-related challenges share similar origins and patterns, addressing the past is imperative. After gathering, contextualizing, verifying, clustering, coding, and corroborating sources, we conducted a historical study to examine the relationship between water and Iranians from prehistoric times to the Islamic Golden Age (1219 AD). According to the findings, in prehistoric Iran, drought, flooding, river course changes, and the absence of a central government severely impacted water development. Despite doubts about the qanat’s origin, archaeological investigations indicate in the proto-historical period, qanat systems existed in Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. In 550 BC, the Achaemenids initiated a fundamental transformation in Iran’s water history by building dams, qanats, and water canals under a centralized administration. After a slump during the Seleucids (312–63 BC) and the Parthians (247 BC–224 AD), Iranians practiced water governance reborn under the Sassanids (224–651 AD). The Sassanids, like the Achaemenids, formed a powerful statement of unity, cooperation, and support among people for implementing their major water-related plans after enhancing institutions, laws, and communications. Chaotic Iran, however, endured severe water-related weaknesses in the Late Sassanids. Throughout the Islamic Golden Age, Iranians successfully traded water knowledge with other nations. As seen today in Iran, the Iranians have been unable to thrive on their resources since the Mongol invasion due to weak water governance, political tensions, and poor public support. The water sectors face more severe challenges when ancient water systems are ignored, applied without enhancement, or blindly adopted from other nations. Therefore, before current problems worsen, it is essential to integrate traditional and modern water cultures, technology, and management techniques.
A dynamically tunable discrete-element transmission line pulse generator
Authors: Bhamidipati J. K. P. , Durbhakula K. C. , Caruso A. N. 
Published: April 2023

The Frozen Wave Generator (FWG) is a megawatt-class radio frequency pulse forming network that converts DC input up to ones-of-GHz center frequency (fc) by superposing an ensemble of alternately charged reactive storage elements. In this work, we demonstrate an all-solid-state, dynamically tunable, and chirp-capable FWG using the lumped-element transmission line (LETL) topology. A 12-segment LETL-FWG switched using a MOSFET is demonstrated and directly compared with a literature standard coaxial-based system. Comparison metrics for pulse width (tpulse) are studied as a function of the transmission line length and respective LC parameters. The chirp- and dynamic-tuning-capability as well as the high volumetric power density of the system are demonstrated by comparing the predicted and measured bandwidth, rise-time, pulse width, and delay-time from a 7.5 × 30 × 3 cm3 printed circuit board. The experiment resulted in dynamically tunable pulse trains with 15–24 ns pulse widths (40–80 MHz) and &gt;35% conversion efficiency and an ∼80% reduction in volume compared to vacuum-relativistic pulsers in the same peak power class.
Design and fabrication of a magnetic filter source to produce ionospheric-like plasma
Authors: Li Minchi , Liu Yu , Lei Jiuhou 
Published: April 2023

Generation of ionospheric-like plasma is important for laboratory investigations of ionospheric physics. In this work, the design and fabrication of a magnetic filter source for the ground simulation of ionospheric-like low density plasma are presented. Four groups of permanent magnets were placed at different regions to form a magnetic filter configuration, and filaments were used to produce the low-density plasmas. Operating with adjustable plasma source conditions can generate plasmas with variable density and energy similar to those of the ionosphere, which were measured using tailor-made plasma diagnostic tools. The results indicate that homogeneous distributed low-density plasmas on the order of 105 cm−3 were produced using the plasma source. In addition, ion and electron energies that are similar to those of the actual ionosphere were also achieved. Based on the plasma source, ionospheric plasma physics can be investigated in a controlled manner in the laboratory. In addition, it can also be extended to the calibration and testing of payloads for ionospheric plasma measurement before launching.
Effects of water-quality management mitigations on greenhouse-gas emissions from deer farms
Authors: Stevens D. R. , Casey M. J. , McGrouther N. 
Published: April 2023

Context Red deer farming in New Zealand has increased in intensity, increasing the emissions to water and air. Outdoor wintering systems pose a significant threat to water quality through sediment loss and nitrate leaching. Changing wintering systems to bring animals indoors shifts emphasis to greenhouse-gas emissions. Aims To investigate the relative potential emissions to water and air when red deer are wintered outdoors on forage crops or indoors on supplements. Methods The impacts of wintering red deer on forage or indoors were calculated for five farms, involving 32 herds containing 2167 deer over 2 years, in southern New Zealand. Animal classes included weaners, hinds and stags. Potential losses to water included sediment, nitrogen and phosphorous, while losses to air included methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia. Losses to air were calculated using current New Zealand greenhouse-gas inventory calculations and revised calculations recognising published forage, soil and bedding emissions factors not yet included in the inventory. Key results Calculated outdoor winter feed intake was 9.5% greater than indoor measured feed intake. The average herd size of 115 deer wintered indoors for an average of 87 days would have needed 1.8 ha of winter forage crop. Potential losses of sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus were calculated to be 5362, 106 and 5.2 kg per herd respectively, if wintered on crop. Total greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions calculated using current inventory emission factors were higher if deer grazed a forage crop than when wintered indoors (2.58 vs 2.41 kg CO2-e/head/day respectively). When revised emission factors were used, indoor wintering produced greater GHG emissions than did wintering outdoors (2.61 vs 2.28 kg CO2-e/head/day respectively). Implications Variability may occur both in contaminant loss to water and emissions to air. Trade-offs between the two need to be recognised in decision-making. As the science of GHG develops, the relative ranking of different systems may change.
On an iteratively reweighted linesearch based algorithm for nonconvex composite optimization
Authors: Bonettini S , Pezzi D , Prato M , Rebegoldi S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper we propose a new algorithm for solving a class of nonsmooth nonconvex problems, which is obtained by combining the iteratively reweighted scheme with a finite number of forward–backward iterations based on a linesearch procedure. The new method overcomes some limitations of linesearch forward–backward methods, since it can be applied also to minimize functions containing terms that are both nonsmooth and nonconvex. Moreover, the combined scheme can take advantage of acceleration techniques consisting in suitable selection rules for the algorithm parameters. We develop the convergence analysis of the new method within the framework of the Kurdyka–Łojasiewicz property. Finally, we present the results of a numerical experience on microscopy image super resolution, showing that the performances of our method are comparable or superior to those of other algorithms designed for this specific application.
Enabling stable and high-rate of an olivine-type cathode LiFePO4 for Li-ion batteries by using graphene nanoribbons as conductive agent
Authors: Nguyen Thien Trung , Nguyen Nhu Quynh , Thai Duong , Tieu Tu Doanh , Tran Van Man , Le My Loan Phung 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this study, graphene nanoribbons (GNBs) were utilized as a conductive agent for the olivine structure-based cathode LiFePO4 to facilitate the fast redox reaction and enable a high-rate battery performance. As a result, the cathodes comprising 5 wt% graphene nanoribbons and 10 wt% conductive carbon nanoparticles exhibited the maximum capacity, 163.25 mAh.g−1 at 0.1C and 130.60 mAh.g−1 at 2C with excellent capacity retention after 100 cycles. In addition, graphene nanoribbons demonstrate positive impacts on the charge transfer process. Still, the high concentration of GNBs in the cathode weakens the adhesion properties and will need further optimization in the slurry mixing process.
First principles study in two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Mn2Cl8 with strain-controllable and hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Michang , Wang Zhicui , Wei Yong , Wan Wenhui , Liu Yong , Ge Yanfeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development of spintronics, two-dimensional antiferromagnetic materials have attracted much attention because of their unique physical properties. Here, the monolayer Mn2Cl8 is discovered to be an intrinsically antiferromagnetic semiconductor in current work. The results show that monolayer Mn2Cl8 and Mn2Cl4X4 (X = F, Br) are stable semiconductors with indirect bandgaps of 0.34eV, 0.95eV, and 0.55eV, respectively, and Mn2Cl8 has a Néel temperature (TN) of 245 K. In the systematic study of strain effects, TN changes significantly under strains from −4% to 4% when the antiferromagnetic ground state is not affected. And the compression strain can increase TN to 469 K due to the enhancement of antiferromagnetic coupling of the nearest adjacent magnetic atoms. Moreover, the bandgap and TN of monolayer Mn2Cl8 can be tuned by hydrogenation. This work finds that elemental substitution, strains, and hydrogen passivation is efficient routes to tune the electronic properties of monolayer antiferromagnetic semiconductor Mn2Cl8.
Structural, dielectric, and thermal properties of Zn and Cr doped Mg- Co spinel nanoferrites
Authors: Hasanain Bassam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nanoferrites play a pivotal role in resolving worldwide electronic and microwave devices. Spinel ferrites have exceptional structural, morphological, and dielectric properties. The composition Zn
0.5–xMg0.25+x

Co
0.25Cr1–x

Fe
1+x

O
4 (ZMCCF) where x varies from 0–0.5 with the difference of 0.25 was synthesized via auto combustion (sol-gel) route. The structural, thermal, and dielectric characterizations were done to observe the responses of variation of x in designed nanoferrites. The designed nanoferrites with a variation of x experienced a promising change in structural, thermal, and dielectric responses. Based on Koop’s theory, the dielectric constant decreases with the increase in frequency, which is the favorable trend of spinel ferrites. The different cationic distributions in the spinel structure endorse this behavior. The maximum value of the tangent loss at low frequencies reflects the application of these materials in medium-frequency devices. Therefore, planned spinel nanoferrites may benefit advanced electronics and microwave devices.
Reliability and prediction of Sn36Pb2Ag solder joints under thermal aging test
Authors: Cong Sen , Liu Peng , Wang Shaobin , Xiong Jinghua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, the capacitor solder joints were aged at 50 °C, 75 °C, 100 °C, 125, and 150 °C from 100 h to 1000 h. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer growth of Sn36Pb2Ag on hot air solder leveled (HASL) pad and electroless nickel/immersion gold (ENIG) pad was measured. Based on the empirical power-law of the IMC growth and the Arrhenius relationship between diffusion coefficient and aging temperature, a method to predict the IMC growth at a selected temperature was developed. The mechanical property of capacitor solder joints after thermal aging was investigated through the shear test. Through analysis of the fracture surface, the mixed fracture mode of ductile and brittle was exhibited. The porous structure of the Cu coating on the capacitor electrode was determined to be the origin of the crack.
DeepAstroUDA: semi-supervised universal domain adaptation for cross-survey galaxy morphology classification and anomaly detection
Authors: Ćiprijanović A , Lewis A , Pedro K , Madireddy S , Nord B , Perdue G N , Wild S M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Artificial intelligence methods show great promise in increasing the quality and speed of work with large astronomical datasets, but the high complexity of these methods leads to the extraction of dataset-specific, non-robust features. Therefore, such methods do not generalize well across multiple datasets. We present a universal domain adaptation method, DeepAstroUDA, as an approach to overcome this challenge. This algorithm performs semi-supervised domain adaptation (DA) and can be applied to datasets with different data distributions and class overlaps. Non-overlapping classes can be present in any of the two datasets (the labeled source domain, or the unlabeled target domain), and the method can even be used in the presence of unknown classes. We apply our method to three examples of galaxy morphology classification tasks of different complexities (three-class and ten-class problems), with anomaly detection: (1) datasets created after different numbers of observing years from a single survey (Legacy Survey of Space and Time mock data of one and ten years of observations); (2) data from different surveys (Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and DECaLS); and (3) data from observing fields with different depths within one survey (wide field and Stripe 82 deep field of SDSS). For the first time, we demonstrate the successful use of DA between very discrepant observational datasets. DeepAstroUDA is capable of bridging the gap between two astronomical surveys, increasing classification accuracy in both domains (up to

40
%

on the unlabeled data), and making model performance consistent across datasets. Furthermore, our method also performs well as an anomaly detection algorithm and successfully clusters unknown class samples even in the unlabeled target dataset.
Sustainability infrastructure insights from a campus sustainability survey
Authors: Hicks Andrea , Nergard Missy 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The physical and social infrastructure of an environment influences the ability of that place to be sustainable. To evaluate the sustainability culture and literacy of a university environment, a campus sustainability survey was deployed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW-Madison). This inaugural survey provided a snapshot in time of the sustainability literacy and culture of the university during the Fall 2021 semester. Results of the survey found a high level of sustainability literacy, however the awareness of social and physical infrastructure which support the campus sustainability culture was largely based on environmental actions and concerns. The survey results also reaffirmed the challenge of what actions are perceived to be sustainable and urgent by the campus community, versus which have real and measurable impact. There is also an unsurprising tension between what is desired by the campus community and what is achievable in the same resource constrained environment of the survey respondents. The survey also identified a need to further increase communication channels of the actions which are already occurring on the UW-Madison campus. Acknowledging that in a mesocosm the size and scale of the UW-Madison campus, and its overwhelming amount of general communication, that targeted communications plans are necessary to reach more of the information channels of the campus community.
Diclofenac exhibits cytotoxic activity associated with metabolic alterations and p53 induction in ESCC cell lines and decreases ESCC tumor burden in vivo
Authors: Kabir Mohammad Faujul , Jackson Jazmyne L , Fuller Annie D , Gathuka Leonny , Karami Adam L , Conde Don-Gerard , Klochkova Alena , Mu Anbin , Cai Kathy Q , Klein-Szanto Andres J , Muir Amanda B , Whelan Kelly A 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive forms of human malignancy, often displaying limited therapeutic response. Here, we examine the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) as a novel therapeutic agent in ESCC using complementary in vitro and in vivo models. DCF selectively reduced viability of human ESCC cell lines TE11, KYSE150, and KYSE410 as compared with normal primary or immortalized esophageal keratinocytes. Apoptosis and altered cell cycle profiles were documented in DCF-treated TE11 and KYSE 150. In DCF-treated TE11, RNA-Sequencing identified differentially expressed genes and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted alterations in pathways associated with cellular metabolism and p53 signaling. Downregulation of proteins associated with glycolysis was documented in DCF-treated TE11 and KYSE150. In response to DCF, TE11 cells further displayed reduced levels of ATP, pyruvate, and lactate. Evidence of mitochondrial depolarization and superoxide production was induced by DCF in TE11 and KYSE150. In DCF-treated TE11, the superoxide scavenger MitoTempo improved viability, supporting a role for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in DCF-mediated toxicity. DCF treatment resulted in increased expression of p53 in TE11 and KYSE150. p53 was further identified as a mediator of DCF-mediated toxicity in TE11 as genetic depletion of p53 partially limited apoptosis in response to DCF. Consistent with the anticancer activity of DCF in vitro, the drug significantly decreased tumor burdene in syngeneic ESCC xenograft tumors and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-mediated ESCC lesions in vivo. These preclinical findings identify DCF as an experimental therapeutic that should be explored further in ESCC.
Personal Identity, Sexual Difference, and the Metaphysics of Gender
Authors: Skrzypek Jeremy W 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIssues pertaining to sex and gender continue to be some of the most hotly debated topics of our time. While many of the most heated disputes occur at the level of politics and public policy, metaphysics, too, has a crucial role to play in these debates. In this essay, I explore several key metaphysical debates concerning sex and gender through the lenses of two important areas in contemporary metaphysics: the metaphysics of essence and the ontology of the human person. The goal here is not to advocate any particular position on these issues, but to show how the tools of contemporary metaphysics can help to offer a more comprehensive map of the conceptual terrain, indicating where major areas of agreement can be found and where the most important disagreements really lie.
A first-stage representation for instrumental variables quantile regression
Authors: Alejo Javier , Galvao Antonio F , Montes-Rojas Gabriel 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis paper develops a first-stage linear regression representation for an instrumental variables (IV) quantile regression (QR) model. The quantile first stage is analogous to the least-squares case, i.e., a linear projection of the endogenous variables on the instruments and other exogenous covariates, with the difference that the QR case is a weighted projection. The weights are given by the conditional density function of the innovation term in the QR structural model, at a given quantile. We also show that the required Jacobian identification conditions for IVQR models are embedded in the quantile first stage. We then suggest procedures to evaluate the validity of instruments by evaluating their statistical significance using the first-stage representation. Monte Carlo experiments provide numerical evidence that the proposed tests work as expected in terms of empirical size and power. An empirical application illustrates the methods.