bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional SIZR model of Zombie infection
Authors: Jafari Hossein , Goswami Pranay , Dubey Ravi Shankar , Sharma Shivani , Chaudhary Arun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This research paper investigates the SIZR model related to Zombie infection outbreaks according to a time-dependent infection rate. The proposed model is extended to the fractional order using different fractional derivative operators. The solution of the proposed model by numerical schemes, is briefed. Graphical representations provide us with a better understanding of this mathematical model. Lastly, as observed in movies, we conclude that Zombie infections can generate the destruction and collapse of human development and it is of paramount importance to deal with Zombies as early as possible in order to avoid putting our civilization under threatening and destructive circumstances.
PERIODONTAL POCKET ASSOCIATED WITH FULL COVERAGE FIXED PROSTHESIS IN PATIENTS COMING TO REHMAT MEMORIAL DENTAL TEACHING HOSPITAL, ABBOTTABAD
Authors: Irum Bushra , Bakhtawar Mumtaz  , Maham Shafique  
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of periodontal pocket associated with full coverage fixed prostheses in patients coming to Rehmat Memorial Dental Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad.
Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 116 participants of both genders, age 30 to 60 years, systemically healthy, nonsmoker patients with root canal treated abutment teeth having full coverage fixed prostheses for at least one year. The probing pocket depth was measured at six sites per tooth (mesio-buccal, mid buccal, disto-buccal, disto-lingual, mid lingual and mesio-lingual) using the WHO probe. For stratification of pocket depth among age groups and genders chi-square test was applied.
Results: The mean age 40.68±7.98 years. The mean pocket depth was 2.746±0.257 mm. The males were 67(57.76%) and females were 49(42.24%). Most common abutment teeth were mandibular molars (n=46, 39.7%), followed by maxillary molars (n=16, 13.8%), and least were upper incisors (n=11, 9.5%). The periodontal pocket was present in 26(22.4%) participants. No statistical association between periodontal pocket with age and genders was found.
Conclusion: The periodontal pocket is not rare occurrence among fixed denture wearers with no genders and age predilection.
The Missing Piece to the Crisis Management Puzzle: Making the Best Decision
Authors: Kirschenbaum Alan (Avi) , Rapaport Carmit , Sagi Dotan , Zfaz Chelsea 
Published: July 2023

The field of emergency preparedness and response has been driven recently by training efforts utilizing software based technology to mitigate and respond to potential and/or actual crisis situations. Yet, despite this effort, numerous research findings highlight the failures of both disaster and emergency agencies as well as private sector organizations in dealing with both major disruptions as well as local emergencies. We argue that a critical missing piece to rectify such failures, particularly in the training process, can be attained by refocusing on organizational processes toward preparedness/response with greater attention being paid to the context of how decisions are actually made and who makes them. This critical missing element in preparation/response will be addressed here by laying out how data analytics associated with real-time behavioral decisions during an earthquake simulation can be utilized in optimizing the decision making process. This will provide a window into why protocols are not adhered to or how informal social networks within organizations are critical elements affecting decisions. To delve into this organizational reality, an emphasis will be put on not only the human factor in decision making but the organizational context within which interaction among and between employees takes place that affect how and what decisions are made.
Implementation of a Prevention Bundle to Decrease Rates of Staphylococcus aureus Surgical Site Infection at 11 Veterans Affairs Hospitals
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Perencevich Eli N. , Hockett Sherlock Stacey , Clore Gosia S. , O’Shea Amy M. J. , Forrest Graeme N. , Pfeiffer Christopher D. , Safdar Nasia , Crnich Christopher , Gupta Kalpana , Strymish Judith , Lira Gio Baracco , Bradley Suzanne , Cadena-Zuluaga Jose , Rubin Michael , Bittner Marvin , Morgan Daniel , DeVries Aaron , Miell Kelly , Alexander Bruce , Schweizer Marin L. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceWhile current evidence has demonstrated a surgical site infection (SSI) prevention bundle consisting of preoperative Staphylococcus aureus screening, nasal and skin decolonization, and use of appropriate perioperative antibiotic based on screening results can decrease rates of SSI caused by S aureus, it is well known that interventions may need to be modified to address facility-level factors.ObjectiveTo assess the association between implementation of an SSI prevention bundle allowing for facility discretion regarding specific component interventions and S aureus deep incisional or organ space SSI rates.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis quality improvement study was conducted among all patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiac valve replacement, or total joint arthroplasty (TJA) at 11 Veterans Administration hospitals. Implementation of the bundle was on a rolling basis with the earliest implementation occurring in April 2012 and the latest implementation occurring in July 2017. Data were collected from January 2007 to March 2018 and analyzed from October 2020 to June 2023.InterventionsNasal screening for S aureus; nasal decolonization of S aureus carriers; chlorhexidine bathing; and appropriate perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis according to S aureus carrier status. Facility discretion regarding how to implement the bundle components was allowed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was deep incisional or organ space SSI caused by S aureus. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equation (GEE) and interrupted time-series (ITS) models were used to compare SSI rates between preintervention and postintervention periods.ResultsAmong 6696 cardiac surgical procedures and 16 309 TJAs, 95 S aureus deep incisional or organ space SSIs were detected (25 after cardiac operations and 70 after TJAs). While the GEE model suggested a significant association between the intervention and decreased SSI rates after TJAs (adjusted odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.98), there was not a significant association when an ITS model was used (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.32-2.39). No significant associations after cardiac operations were found.Conclusions and RelevanceAlthough this quality improvement study suggests an association between implementation of an SSI prevention bundle and decreased S aureus deep incisional or organ space SSI rates after TJAs, it was underpowered to see a significant difference when accounting for changes over time.
Experimental Quantification of Halogen⋅⋅⋅Arene van der Waals Contacts
Authors: West Andrew M. L. , Dominelli‐Whiteley Nicholas , Smolyar Ivan V. , Nichol Gary S. , Cockroft Scott L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCrystallographic and computational studies suggest the occurrence of favourable interactions between polarizable arenes and halogen atoms. However, the systematic experimental quantification of halogen⋅⋅⋅arene interactions in solution has been hindered by the large variance in the steric demands of the halogens. Here we have synthesized molecular balances to quantify halogen⋅⋅⋅arene contacts in 17 solvents and solvent mixtures using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Calculations indicate that favourable halogen⋅⋅⋅arene interactions arise from London dispersion in the gas phase. In contrast, comparison of our experimental measurements with partitioned SAPT0 energies indicate that dispersion is sufficiently attenuated by the solvent that the halogen⋅⋅⋅arene interaction trend was instead aligned with increasing exchange repulsion as the halogen increased in size (ΔGX⋅⋅⋅Ph=0 to +1.5 kJ mol−1). Halogen⋅⋅⋅arene contacts were slightly less disfavoured in solvents with higher solvophobicities and lower polarizabilities, but strikingly, were always less favoured than CH3⋅⋅⋅arene contacts (ΔGMe⋅⋅⋅Ph=0 to −1.4 kJ mol−1).
Atomically Precise Copper Nanoclusters for Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 towards Hydrocarbons via Breaking the Coordination Symmetry of Cu Site
Authors: Wu Qiu‐Jin , Si Duan‐Hui , Sun Pan‐Pan , Dong Yu‐Liang , Zheng Song , Chen Qian , Ye Shi‐Hua , Sun Di , Cao Rong , Huang Yuan‐Biao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe propose an effective highest occupied d‐orbital modulation strategy engendered by breaking the coordination symmetry of sites in the atomically precise Cu nanocluster (NC) to switch the product of CO2 electroreduction from HCOOH/CO to higher‐valued hydrocarbons. An atomically well‐defined Cu6 NC with symmetry‐broken Cu−S2N1 active sites (named Cu6(MBD)6, MBD=2‐mercaptobenzimidazole) was designed and synthesized by a judicious choice of ligand containing both S and N coordination atoms. Different from the previously reported high HCOOH selectivity of Cu NCs with Cu−S3 sites, the Cu6(MBD)6 with Cu−S2N1 coordination structure shows a high Faradaic efficiency toward hydrocarbons of 65.5 % at −1.4 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (including 42.5 % CH4 and 23 % C2H4), with the hydrocarbons partial current density of −183.4 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations reveal that the symmetry‐broken Cu−S2N1 sites can rearrange the Cu 3d orbitals with
as the highest occupied d‐orbital, thus favoring the generation of key intermediate *COOH instead of *OCHO to favor *CO formation, followed by hydrogenation and/or C−C coupling to produce hydrocarbons. This is the first attempt to regulate the coordination mode of Cu atom in Cu NCs for hydrocarbons generation, and provides new inspiration for designing atomically precise NCs for efficient CO2RR towards highly‐valued products.
Stimuli‐Responsive PROTACs for Controlled Protein Degradation
Authors: An Keli , Deng Xuqian , Chi Hongli , Zhang Yuchao , Li Yan , Cheng Ming , Ni Zhigang , Yang Zhi , Wang Chao , Chen Jinling , Bai Jianbo , Ran Chunyan , Wei Yong , Li Juan , Zhang Penghui , Xu Feng , Tan Weihong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) represent a promising therapeutic modality to address undruggable and resistant issues in drug discovery. However, potential on‐target toxicity remains clinically challenging. We developed a generalized caging strategy to synthesize a series of stimuli‐responsive PROTACs (sr‐PROTACs) with diverse molecular blocks bearing robust and cleavable linkers, presenting “turn on” features in manipulating protein degradation. By leveraging pathological cues, such as elevated ROS, phosphatase, H2S, or hypoxia, and external triggers, such as ultraviolet light, X‐Ray, or bioorthogonal reagents, we achieved site‐specific activation and traceless release of original PROTACs through de‐caging and subsequent self‐immolative cleavage, realizing selective uptake and controlled protein degradation in vitro. An in vivo study revealed that two sr‐PROTACs with phosphate‐ and fluorine‐containing cages exhibited high solubility and long plasma exposure, which were specifically activated by tumor overexpressing phosphatase or low dosage of X‐Ray irradiation in situ, leading to efficient protein degradation and potent tumor remission. With more reactive biomarkers to be screened from clinical practice, our caging library could provide a general tool to design activatable PROTACs, prodrugs, antibody‐drug conjugates, and smart biomaterials for personalized treatment, tissue engineering or regenerative medicine.
Sensors and chemometrics in downstream processing
Authors: Dürauer Astrid , Jungbauer Alois , Scharl Theresa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe biopharmaceutical industry is still running in batch mode, mostly because it is highly regulated. In the past, sensors were not readily available and in‐process control was mainly executed offline. The most important product parameters are quantity, purity, and potency, in addition to adventitious agents and bioburden. New concepts using disposable single‐use technologies and integrated bioprocessing for manufacturing will dominate the future of bioprocessing. To ensure the quality of pharmaceuticals, initiatives such as Process Analytical Technologies, Quality by Design, and Continuous Integrated Manufacturing have been established. The aim is that these initiatives, together with technology development, will pave the way for process automation and autonomous bioprocessing without any human intervention. Then, real‐time release would be realized, leading to a highly predictive and robust biomanufacturing system. The steps toward such automated and autonomous bioprocessing are reviewed in the context of monitoring and control. It is possible to integrate real‐time monitoring gradually, and it should be considered from a soft sensor perspective. This concept has already been successfully implemented in other industries and requires relatively simple model training and the use of established statistical tools, such as multivariate statistics or neural networks. This review describes a scenario for integrating soft sensors and predictive chemometrics into modern process control. This is exemplified by selective downstream processing steps, such as chromatography and membrane filtration, the most common unit operations for separation of biopharmaceuticals.
Architecture learning environments: Pedagogy and space in the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya's Sant Cugat Campus
Authors: Moreno Joan , Franquesa Jordi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe qualitative improvement of learning spaces in higher education has often been linked to the technicalization of classrooms, and to the dissolution of the physical and temporal framework of teaching. The main objective of this research was to examine the relationship between learning and space, beyond its formal and functional values, and how this relationship contributes to promoting an efficient, cohesive educational community that strengthens links with the society that it aspires to serve. Methodologically, a quantitative approach to the design of learning spaces is proposed in relation to three aspects: formal diversity, functional flexibility, and sociability of the university community. The proposed methodology was applied to the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya's Sant Cugat Campus, which is recognized for the innovative nature of its pedagogical model, based on project‐based learning, and the adaptation of learning spaces to educational projects. With an educational model that tends to the spatial–temporal dissolution of learning and university spaces designed under the principles of form and function, improvement in the quality of learning is related to the improvement and quality of learning spaces using the principles of functional flexibility, spatial diversity, and sociability.
Significance of cell culture phases for utilizing 3D cultures of A549 cells for in vitro studies
Authors: N.G. Swethaa , Ravi Maddaly 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) culture systems of human cancer cell lines have become popular experimental models for a variety of applications including drug screening. It is understood that the 2D and 3D cultures of the same cell line behave differently in several aspects. One such difference is in the duration of cell culture phases (the lag, log, plateau and the decline stages). We obtained 3D cultures of A549 cells on agarose hydrogels. We observed and compared the morphological differences in the progression of 2D and 3D cultures of A549 cells in a time‐dependent manner. The morphological features along with the cell counts and viabilities obtained for the 2D and 3D cultures at different time intervals clearly indicate that the cell culture phases occurred as more extended one for the 3D cultures compared to that of the 2D counterparts. The plateau stage for the 2D and 3D cultures occurred at 48 and 69 h, respectively. Such cell culture phase durations can be different for different cell lines as a function of their doubling times. We propose that the cell culture phase durations for any cell line should be first established before using them for drug testing or for studies involving toxicity to obtain useful results from 3D cell cultures. Also, we propose that the late‐exponential (lag) phase of 3D cultures of cancer cell lines is the most ideal one for drug testing owing to the various optimal features of the aggregates in this cell culture phase.
Prognostic impact of coronary lesions and its revascularization in a 5‐year follow‐up after the TAVI procedure
Authors: Vázquez Domingo José López , López Guillermo Aldama , Guzmán Martin Quintas , Cancelo Ariana Varela , Leal Fernando Rebollal , Rios Xacobe Flores , Esteban Pablo Piñón , Fernandez Jorge Salgado , Santos Ramón Calviño , Rodriguez José Manuel Vázquez 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a common finding in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, its prognostic significance and its management remains controversial.AimsThis study sought to determine whether the presence of CAD, its complexity, and angiography‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are associated with outcomes after TAVI.MethodsAll patients undergoing TAVI at a tertiary referral center between 2008 and 2018 were included in a prospective observational study. Baseline SYNTAX (Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score (SS) and a residual SS after PCI were calculated. The endpoints on the 5 year follow‐up were all‐cause mortality and a composite of mayor cardiovascular adverse events (MACE).ResultsIn 379 patients, the presence of CAD and its complexity were not significantly associated with worse 5‐year survival after TAVI, with a mortality for SS0 of 45%; for SS 1–22 of 36.5% (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.53–1.11, p = 0.15) and for SS > 22 of 42.1% (HR 1.24; 95% CI 0.59–2.63, p = 0.57). Regarding the combined event of MACE, there were also no statistically significant differences between patients with CAD and without CAD (56.8% in patients without CAD and 54.9% in patients with CAD; HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.79–1.43, p = 0.7). Angiography‐guided PCI or completeness of revascularization was not associated with different outcomes.ConclusionsIn the present analysis, neither the presence nor the extent of CAD, nor the degree of revascularization, was associated with a prognostic impact in patients undergoing TAVI at 5‐year follow‐up.
“CHIP‐ping” away at the definition of PCI “complexity” and “risk”
Authors: Chaus Adib , Uretsky Barry F. 
Published: July 2023

Key Points
“Complex” and “High‐Risk” percutaneous coronary interventions remains a nebulous term.
This study shows poor inter‐rate agreement among EAPCI interventionalists in defining complexity and predicting risk of the procedure.
If we are able to appropriately to define the complexity and level of risk, we can potentially be better at assessing risk in the future.
Bottom‐up Synthesis of Nanosheets at Various Interfaces
Authors: Sasaki Koki , Uchida Yoshiaki , Nishiyama Norikazu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNanostructured materials with high aspect ratios have been widely studied for their unique properties. In particular, nanosheets have safety, dispersibility, and nanosized effects, and nanosheets with exceptionally small thicknesses exhibit unique properties. For non‐exfoliable materials, the bottom‐up nanosheet growth using various interfaces as templates have been investigated. This review article presents the synthesis of nanosheets at the interfaces and layered structure; it explains the features of each interface type, its advantages, and its uniqueness. The interfaces work as templates for nanosheet synthesis. We can easily use the liquid‐liquid and gas‐liquid interfaces as the templates; however, the thickness of nanosheets usually becomes thick because it allows materials to grow in thickness. The solid‐gas and solid‐liquid interfaces can prevent nanosheets from growing in thickness. However, the removal of template solids is required after the synthesis. The layered structures of various materials provide two‐dimensional reaction fields between the layers. These methods have high versatility, and the nanosheets synthesized by these methods are thin. Finally, this review examines the key challenges and opportunities associated with scalable nanosheet synthesis methods for industrial production.
Fusobacterium nucleatum infection activates the noncanonical inflammasome and exacerbates inflammatory response in DSS‐induced colitis
Authors: Boonyaleka Kotchakorn , Okano Tokuju , Iida Tamako , Leewananthawet Anongwee , Sasai Miwa , Yamamoto Masahiro , Ashida Hiroshi , Suzuki Toshihiko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCaspase activation results in pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death that contributes to several inflammatory diseases by releasing inflammatory cytokines and cellular contents. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a periodontal pathogen frequently detected in human cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. Studies have reported that F. nucleatum infection leads to NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis, but the precise activation process and disease association remain poorly understood. This study demonstrated that F. nucleatum infection exacerbates acute colitis in mice and activates pyroptosis through caspase‐11‐mediated gasdermin D cleavage in macrophages. Furthermore, F. nucleatum infection in colitis mice induces the enhancement of IL‐1⍺ secretion from the colon, affecting weight loss and severe disease activities. Neutralization of IL‐1⍺ protects F. nucleatum infected mice from severe colitis. Therefore, F. nucleatum infection facilitates inflammation in acute colitis with IL‐1⍺ from colon tissue by activating noncanonical inflammasome through gasdermin D cleavage.
Syntheses, Characterization, and DNA Binding Studies of a Series of Copper(II), Nickel(II), Platinum(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes Derived from Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Iannace Valentina , Sabaté Ferran , Bartlett Molly , Berrones Reyes Jessica , Lázaro Ariadna , Fantoni Alessia , Vilar Ramon , Rodríguez Laura , Dalla Cort Antonella 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThree series of metal salophen complexes derived from Zn2+, Cu2+, Pt2+ and Ni2+ have been synthesized and their interaction with quadruplex DNA has been evaluated. The compounds differ on the number of ethyl piperidine substituents. They have been characterized by 1H NMR, IR and UV‐visible spectroscopies and by HR‐mass spectrometry. Their luminescent properties have been also evaluated and we can observe that, as expected, Zn2+ and Pt2+ complexes are those displaying more interesting luminescence with an emission band red‐shifted with respect to the corresponding uncoordinated ligand. DNA interactions with G4 and duplex DNA were evaluated by FRET melting assays (for the Zn2+, Cu2+ and Ni2+ complexes) and by emission titrations (for one Pt2+ complex) which indicated that the disubstituted compounds 2‐Ni and 2‐Pt are the only ones that display good affinity for G4 DNA structures.