bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of the PAUL® glaucoma implant: One‐year results
Authors: Weber Constance , Hundertmark Sarah , Liegl Raffael , Jauch Anna S. , Stasik Isabel , Holz Frank G. , Mercieca Karl 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo report one‐year outcomes from a single‐centre cohort undergoing PAUL® Glaucoma Implant (PGI) surgery.MethodsRetrospective review of patients undergoing PGI surgery at the University Eye Hospital Bonn, Germany, from April 2021 to September 2021.ResultsForty‐five eyes of 41 patients were included. Qualified and complete success rates (95% CI) were 95.6% (88.9%–100%) and 73.3% (60%–86.7%) for Criterion A (IOP ≤ 21 mmHg), 84.4% (73.3%–93.3%) and 74.4% (51.1%–80.0%) for Criterion B (IOP ≤ 18 mmHg), 62.2% (48.9%–75.6%) and 46.7% (31.2%–62.2%) for Criterion C (IOP ≤ 15 mmHg) and 26.7% (13.3%–40.0%) and 22.2% (11.1%–33.3%) for Criterion D (IOP ≤ 12 mmHg), respectively. Mean IOP decreased from 26.1 mmHg (7–48 mmHg) to 12.0 mmHg (3–24 mmHg) (reduction of 48.83%) after 12 months with a reduction of IOP‐lowering agents from 0.5 (0–3). One eye (2.2%) needed an injection of viscoelastic due to significant hypotony with AC shallowing, and four eyes (8.9%) developed choroidal detachments due to hypotony which resolved without further interventions after 6 weeks. Three patients (6.7%) developed tube exposure which required conjunctival revision with an additional pericardial patch graft. An intraluminal prolene stent was removed in 19 eyes (42.2%) after a mean time period of 8.4 months (2–12 m). Mean IOP before the removal was 21.9 mmHg (12–38 mmHg) and decreased to 11.3 mmHg (6–16 mmHg).ConclusionsPGI surgery is an effective procedure for reducing IOP and pressure‐lowering therapy. An intraluminal prolene stent impedes hypotony in the early postoperative phase and enables further IOP lowering without additional interventions during the postoperative course.
Relationship between left atrial reservoir strain, volumes, and geometry: Insights from simple theoretical model
Authors: Peters Andrew C. , Lee Jeesoo , Jankowski Madeline , Thomas James D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial (LA) volume is related to LA reservoir strain (LASR), but the relationship is not fully resolved. We sought to model the relationship between LA end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes (LAEDV and LAESV) and LASR based on a geometrical approach to exploit the relationship between LASR and volume.MethodsModeling the LA as a hemisphere with radius r, LASR was recognized to vary linearly with r and LA volume with r3. Expanding this cubic relation as a Taylor series resulted in a simple linear equation: LAESV/LAEDV = 1 + 3 × LASR. To validate this, 52 transthoracic echocardiograms were analyzed from 18 patients who underwent transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER) with MitraClip with serial assessment pre‐procedure, 1 month post‐clip, and 12 months post‐TEER. Linear regression was performed to compare the geometric equation to a statistical model created by a line of best fit to relate LAESV/LAEDV to LASR.ResultsThe statistical and geometric model both resulted in a strong correlation (r = .8, p < .001, respectively). The slope of the line in the statistical model was 3.3, which was statistically indistinguishable from the expected slope of 3 based on the geometric model (Figure 2A). Using the geometric model to compare the measured versus calculated LAESV/LAEDV also resulted in a strong correlation (r = .8, p < .001)(Figure 2B).ConclusionWe describe the relationship between LA volume and strain mathematically by considering the geometry of the LA. This model enhances our understanding of the interaction between atrial strain and volume. Further research is necessary to validate this using 3D atrial volumes in a broader cohort of subjects.
Anticipating the honeymoon: Event study estimation of new stadium effects in Major League Baseball using the imputation method
Authors: Szymanski Stefan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper estimates the impact of new stadiums on attendance and revenues of Major League Baseball teams between 1970 and 2019. Recent studies reveal that two‐way fixed effects (TWFE) models may produce biased estimates, proposing an “imputation” method instead. This paper uses the imputation method to generate a counterfactual estimate, based on untreated observations: the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) equals the difference between actual and counterfactual estimates. The analysis shows that there were significant anticipation effects associated with new stadiums, up to three seasons before opening. It suggests previous estimates may significantly understate new stadium revenue gains.
How are the precedents of trade policy rules made under the World Trade Organization?
Authors: Takechi Kazutaka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnder World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement, consistent trade policy rules are established through precedents. This study examines how these precedents are created by citations, including how the kinds of cases involved in previous decisions affect the citation frequency. We investigate three determinants of citation, namely, legal, economic, and political factors. The empirical analysis shows that cases having the following characteristics are more frequently cited: violations of WTO rules found, many claims of WTO rule violations, many third‐party participants, and a heightened capacity of complainant country retaliation. These suggest that the case law on trade policy is not only generated through legal considerations but also reflects economically and politically sensitive cases, which the WTO may tend to follow in line with its previous decisions.
Neurophysiological indices of face processing in people with psychosis and their siblings: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Wynn Jonathan K. , Clayson Peter E. , Green Michael F. , Jimenez Amy , Lee Junghee , Reavis Eric A. , Horan William P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeople with schizophrenia experience difficulties with social interactions. One contributor to these social deficits is dysfunction in processing facial features and facial emotional expressions. However, it is not known whether face processing deficits are evident in those with other psychotic disorders or in those genetically at‐risk for psychosis (i.e., first‐degree relatives of those with psychosis). We assessed event‐related potentials (ERPs) during a facial and emotion processing task in 100 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or another psychotic condition (PSY), 32 of their siblings (SIB) and 45 healthy comparison participants (CTL). In separate blocks, participants identified the sex (male or female) or emotion (happy, angry, neutral) of faces. In a comparison condition, participants indicated whether buildings had one or two floors. ERPs were examined in two stages. First, we compared ERPs across the emotion, sex and building identification conditions. Second, we compared ERPs among the three different facial emotions. PSY exhibited significantly lower amplitudes over parietal‐occipital regions between 111 and 151 ms when viewing faces but not buildings than CTL, consistent with a face‐selective N170 ERP component deficit. The SIB group was intermediate for faces, but not significantly different than PSY or CTL. During emotion identification, all three groups showed increased N170 amplitudes to angry and happy versus neutral expressions, with no group differences. In follow up analyses, we examined differences between PSY with or without affective psychosis, and differences between those with schizophrenia versus other psychotic disorders; there were no significant differences in these analyses. Face processing deficits assessed with ERPs were observed in a group of diverse psychotic disorders, though deficits were not seen to be modulated by facial emotion expression. Additionally, N170 deficits are not evident in siblings of those with PSY.
Corneal confocal microscopy reveals small nerve fibre loss correlating with motor function in adult spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Thimm Andreas , Brakemeier Svenja , Dag Merve , Munoz Rosales Juan , Stolte Benjamin , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Stettner Mark , Hagenacker Tim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground5q Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a progressive, inherited, and severely disabling – yet treatable – motor neuron disease. Although treatment options have evolved in recent years, biomarkers for treatment monitoring and prognosis prediction remain elusive. Here, we investigated the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), a non‐invasive imaging technique to quantify small corneal nerve fibres in vivo, as a diagnostic tool in adult SMA.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 19 patients with SMA type 3 and 19 healthy controls underwent CCM to measure corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD), corneal nerve fibre length (CNFL), and corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), as well as corneal immune cell infiltration. Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded (HFMSE) and Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM) scores and a 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT) were conducted to explore any correlation between CCM findings and motor function.ResultsCorneal nerve fibre parameters were decreased in SMA patients versus healthy controls (CNFD: p = 0.030; CNFL: p = 0.013; CNBD: p = 0.020) in the absence of relevant immune cell infiltration. CNFD and CNFL correlated with HFMSE scores (CNFD: r = 0.492, p = 0.038; CNFL: r = 0.484, p = 0.042) and distance covered in the 6MWT (CNFD: r = 0.502, p = 0.042; CNFL: r = 0.553, p = 0.023).ConclusionsCorneal confocal microscopy CCM reveals sensory neurodegeneration in SMA, thereby supporting a multisystem view of the disorder. Subclinical small nerve fibre damage correlated with motor function. Thus, CCM may be ideally suited for treatment monitoring and prognosis.
Advantages of routine next‐generation sequencing over standard genetic testing in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinic
Authors: Scaber Jakub , Thompson Alexander G. , Farrimond Lucy , Feneberg Emily , Proudfoot Malcolm , Ossher Lynn , Turner Martin R. , Talbot Kevin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundNext‐generation sequencing has enhanced our understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and its genetic epidemiology. Outside the research setting, testing is often restricted to those who report a family history. The aim of this study was to explore the added benefit of offering routine genetic testing to all patients in a regional ALS centre.MethodsC9ORF72 expansion testing and exome sequencing was offered to consecutive patients (150 with ALS and 12 with primary lateral sclerosis [PLS]) attending the Oxford Motor Neuron Disease Clinic within a defined time period.ResultsA total of 17 (11.3%) highly penetrant pathogenic variants in C9ORF72, SOD1, TARDBP, FUS and TBK1 were detected, of which 10 were also found through standard clinical genetic testing pathways. The systematic approach resulted in five additional diagnoses of a C9ORF72 expansion (number needed to test [NNT] = 28), and two further missense variants in TARDBP and SOD1 (NNT = 69). Additionally, 3 patients were found to carry pathogenic risk variants in NEK1, and 13 patients harboured common missense variants in CFAP410 and KIF5A, also associated with an increased risk of ALS. We report two novel non‐coding loss‐of‐function splice variants in TBK1 and OPTN. No relevant variants were found in the PLS patients. Patients were offered double‐blinded participation, but >80% requested disclosure of the results.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that expanding genetic testing to all patients with a clinical diagnosis of ALS enhances the potential for recruitment to clinical trials, but will have direct resource implications for genetic counselling.
Looks like google to me: Instructor ability to detect machine translation in L2 Spanish writing
Authors: Maimone Luciane , Jolley Jason 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article reports the results of an empirical study designed to determine the degree to which college instructors of Spanish can distinguish between machine translation (MT) and non‐MT writing samples produced by second language (L2) learners of Spanish in an intermediate‐level writing course. We also investigated relationships between detection accuracy rates, instructor teaching experience, and text type (narrative or argumentative), as well as signs instructors consider indicators of both kinds of writing. Results demonstrated that instructors were able to distinguish MT from non‐MT writing with a high degree of accuracy by relying on a broad array of indicators. However, neither text type difference nor instructor experience related significantly to detection ability. These findings have practical implications for the L2 classroom with regard to instructor response to MT use and the integration of MT tools to support L2 writing development.
Pacified citizens with a marketized school system: Causal evidence of boomeranging effects of user choice
Authors: Wejryd Johan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe marketization of schools and of other public services is supposed to have changed the relationship of citizens to the state in many Western countries over the last 30 years. One explicit aim of marketization has been to increase citizen influence over public services. Yet, studies of its effects on citizens' willingness to address public decision‐making remain scarce in general, and nonexistent as regards schools. In this study, a survey experiment taps the causal effects of both user choice and private provision. The results show that marketization significantly reduces respondents' intention to influence schools and related political and bureaucratic decision‐making. The effects are robust and, in contrast to those of previous studies, driven by significant effects from the user choice introduced in connection with marketization. The pacifying effects recorded suggest that marketization potentially reduces public services' responsiveness to citizens' interests, thereby aggravating the problems it was meant to address.
Effect of hydrocolloid addition on cake prepared with aquafaba as egg substitute
Authors: Crawford Kaelyn , Kerr William , Tyl Catrin 
Published: May 2023

SummaryPressure‐cooked or boiled chickpea aquafaba (prepared at a 3:1 water to seed cooking ratio and adjusted to pH 5) was used in place of egg white in a hi‐ratio cake. Xanthan gum or hydroxypropyl‐methylcellulose was added at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% to increase the air volume fraction in foams and their stability. Cake and crumb appearance, moisture, texture and colour were evaluated. Gum type and level significantly affected the shape and crumb hardness. The most pronounced change was induced by the lowest hydroxypropylmethylcellulose level, which prevented collapsed cake centres. In cake with pressure‐cooked aquafaba, 0.2% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose raised the volume index to a comparable level as egg white cake. Xanthan gum, on the other hand, did not lead to a desirable crumb structure or cake shape. Our results suggest that at optimum addition levels, certain gums in combination with aquafaba can assume some of egg whites' functional roles in cakes.
Long‐term changes in the subgingival microbiota in patients with stage III–IV periodontitis treated by mechanical therapy and adjunctive systemic antibiotics: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hagenfeld Daniel , Kleine Bardenhorst Sven , Matern Johannes , Prior Karola , Harks Inga , Eickholz Peter , Lorenz Katrin , Kim Ti‐Sun , Kocher Thomas , Meyle Jörg , Kaner Doğan , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Harmsen Dag , Ehmke Benjamin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo explore whether adjunctive antibiotics can relevantly influence long‐term microbiota changes in stage III–IV periodontitis patients.Materials and MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial on periodontal therapy with adjunctive 500 mg amoxicillin and 400 mg metronidazole or placebo thrice daily for 7 days. Subgingival plaque samples were taken before and 2, 8, 14 and 26 months after mechanical therapy. The V4‐hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced with Illumina MiSeq 250 base pair paired‐end reads. Changes at the ribosomal sequence variant (RSV) level, diversity and subgingival‐microbial dysbiosis index (SMDI) were explored with a negative binomial regression model and non‐parametric tests.ResultsOverall, 50.2% of all raw reads summed up to 72 RSVs (3.0%) that were generated from 163 stage III–IV periodontitis patients. Of those, 16 RSVs, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, changed significantly over 26 months because of adjunctive systemic antibiotics. SMDI decreased significantly more in the antibiotic group at all timepoints, whereas the 2‐month differences in alpha and beta diversity between groups were not significant at 8 and 14 months, respectively.ConclusionsMechanical periodontal therapy with adjunctive antibiotics induced a relevant and long‐term sustainable change towards an oral microbiome more associated with oral health.
Assessment of climate change impacts on river flooding due to Typhoon Hagibis in 2019 using nonglobal warming experiments
Authors: Nihei Yasuo , Oota Koyo , Kawase Hiroaki , Sayama Takahiro , Nakakita Eiichi , Ito Takehiko , Kashiwada Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, a series of numerical analyses of meteorology, runoff, river flow, and inundation were performed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of historical warming on precipitation, discharge, water level, and flood inundation. This study was on the flood inundation of the Chikuma River Basin in Japan caused by Typhoon Hagibis in 2019. The historical warming impact on Typhoon Hagibis was analyzed by comparing nonglobal warming experiments (NonWs) and control experiments (CTLs) to reproduce the current situation. Calculated results showed that the ratios of the index of CTLs to that of NonWs (mean CTL to mean NonW) as indicators of the impact of historical warming were 1.08, 1.22, and 1.08–3.08 for total precipitation, peak river discharge, and peak water level (from pre‐flood level and high‐water level), respectively, and 48.1 and 595 for overflow depth and inundation volume for the Chikuma River, respectively. Results of the hydrologic‐sensitivity analysis indicated that the influence of historical warming during the last 40‐year period was already evident on overflow and flooding, whose sensitivities were higher than those of discharge and water level.
Copyright Law Protection of films in Nigeria (Nollywood) and South Africa (Sollywood): Pre and post‐Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Kouletakis Jade , Lawal‐Arowolo Ayoyemi , Itanyi Nkem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Covid‐19 pandemic inflicted socioeconomic harm on an unprecedented scale. Across the world and to varying degrees, cinemas were closed, festivals were cancelled or postponed, and film releases were moved to future dates or delayed indefinitely. In 2020 the entire global theatrical and home/mobile entertainment market totalled $80.8 billion, the lowest figure since 2016 and a decline of 18% from 2019. Theatrical entertainment accounted for only 15% of the total global entertainment revenue, compared to 43% in 2019. While some has been written about the effects of Covid‐19 on both international and local film industries, this article seeks to provide an African perspective focusing on the realities in Nigeria and South Africa, respectively. This article examines the importance of filmmaking industries in Nigeria and South Africa as well as the difficulties faced during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Copyright laws in both terrains are critically reviewed based on the capacity of these laws to protect the interests of film industries pre and post‐Covid‐19.
Coronary artery complications after left bundle branch area pacing: An increasingly reported issue in the era of physiologic pacing
Authors: Ferrari Andrés Di Leoni , Klafke Luís Henrique , Soccol Ricardo , Abelin Aníbal Pereira , Piantá Ricardo Medeiros , Caramori Paulo Ricardo Avancini , Chemello Diego 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoronary artery lesions related to pacemaker implantation are rare complications. With the increasing adoption of the technique of permanent transseptal pacing of the left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP), an increase in the incidence of these complications may be expected. We report two cases of coronary lesions after permanent transeptal pacing of the LBBAP: the first with a small coronary artery fistula, and the second with an extrinsic coronary compression. Both complications occurred with stylet‐driven pacing leads with extendable helix. In the first case, since the shunt volume was small and no major complications were reported, the patient was treated conservatively with good outcome. The second case required lead repositioning due to acute decompensated heart failure.
Alkalinity exacerbates phosphorus deficiency in subtropical red soils: Insights from phosphate‐solubilizing fungi
Authors: Su Mu , Mei Jiajie , Mendes Gilberto de Oliveira , Tian Da , Zhou Limin , Hu Shuijin , Li Zhen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRed soils in subtropical regions are often low in available phosphorus (P), a vital plant nutrient. Phosphate‐solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) can release P from phosphate reservoir, making it accessible to plants. However, the complex interactions between PSMs and minerals in red soils are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of Aspergillus niger, a typical phosphate‐solubilizing fungus (PSF), on phosphate dissolution in two representative red soils – an acidic soil and an alkaline soil. In the acidic red soil, the fungal abundance reached 3.01 × 10 7 cfu g−1 after a 28‐day incubation period, with respiration of ~2000 mg C kg−1. The secretion of oxalic acid promoted P release from inorganic phosphate (from ~1 to 187 mg kg−1). Additionally, the contents of amorphous Fe/Al oxides decreased, which otherwise could have contributed to P sorption in the soil. In contrast, P availability declined in the alkaline red soil after the addition of A. niger, regardless of the P source (inorganic or organic phosphate). Meanwhile, the fungal respiration decreased to ~780 mg C kg−1. Therefore, alkaline red soils with abundant carbonates are susceptible to P deficiency due to both the diminished function of PSMs and strong soil buffering. These findings have important implications for sustainable agriculture on alkaline red soils, as they suggest that the use of PSMs to improve P availability may be limited.