bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation of the impact of climate change and human activities on Jialing river runoff changes in the past 60 years, China
Authors: Wang Hongxiang , Ma Yinchu , Yang Huan , Hong Fengtian , Guo Wenxian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Runoff is one of the key driving forces of watershed hydrological cycle processes. Quantifying the relative impacts of climate change and human activities on runoff change is critical to clarify the mechanisms of watershed hydrological responses. This study analyses the characteristics of hydrological changes in the Jialing River Basin based on observational data from 1957 to 2017. The degree of runoff change was then quantified with the aid of Indicators of hydrologic alterations and Range of variability approach (IHA-RVA) method. By establishing the Budyko model and comparing the Slope change ratio of accumulative quantity (SCRAQ), the influencing factors of runoff change are quantified. The result: (1) Except for Qu River Basin, the average annual runoff of other basins showed a significant downward trend. 1985 was chosen as the abrupt change year. (2) The overall flow alteration in the basin is 50.87%, which is close to the height change. (3) The effects of climate change and human activities on runoff have some spatial variation. Human activities are the main influence factors, of which the contribution rates to the Fu River Basin, the mainstream of Jialing River, Bailong River Basin, and Qu River Basin are 64.57, 66.31, and 74.17% respectively.
Berberine: Pharmacological Features in Health, Disease and Aging
Authors: Gasmi Amin , Asghar Farah , Zafar Saba , Oliinyk Petro , Khavrona Oksana , Lysiuk Roman , Peana Massimiliano , Piscopo Salva , Antonyak Halyna , Pen Joeri J. , Lozynska Iryna , Noor Sadaf , Lenchyk Larysa , Muhammad Akram , Vladimirova Inna , Dub Natalia , Antoniv Olha , Tsal Oksana , Upyr Taras , Bjørklund Geir 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Berberine is the main active compound of different herbs and is defined as
an isoquinoline quaternary botanical alkaloid found in barks and roots of numerous plants. It exhibits
a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects. Berberine
has antibacterial activity against a variety of microbiota, including many bacterial species,
protozoa, plasmodia, fungi, and trypanosomes.

Objective:
This review describes the role of berberine and its metabolic effects. It also discusses
how it plays a role in glucose metabolism, fat metabolism, weight loss, how it modulates the gut
microbiota, and what are its antimicrobial properties along with its potential side effects with maximal
tolerable dosage.

Methods:
Representative studies were considered and analyzed from different scientific databases,
including PubMed and Web of Science, for the years 1982-2022.

Results:
Literature analysis shows that berberine affects many biochemical and pharmacological
pathways that theoretically yield a positive effect on health and disease. Berberine exhibits neuroprotective
properties in various neurodegenerative and neuropsychological ailments. Despite its
low bioavailability after oral administration, berberine is a promising tool for several disorders. A
possible hypothesis would be the modulation of the gut microbiome. While the evidence concerning
the aging process in humans is more limited, preliminary studies have shown positive effects in
several models.

Conclusion:
Berberine could serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of several diseases.
Previous literature has provided a basis for scientists to establish clinical trials in humans. However,
for obesity, the evidence appears to be sufficient for hands-on use.
Characterization of Dicaffeoylspermidine Derivatives from Wolfberry as Potent and
Selective Inhibitors of Human Cytochrome P450 46A1 In vitro
Authors: Liu Yong , Wu Jingjing , Du Jie , Liu Jing , Wang Shujuan , Wang Changyuan , Meng Qiang , Sun Huijun , Liu Kexin 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 46A1 enzyme is a neuro-specific metabolic enzyme that converts
cholesterol to 24-hydroxycholesterol. Inhibition of CYP46A1 activity is of great significance to improve neurodegenerative
disorder.

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of wolfberry dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives
on CYP46A1.

Methods:
The inhibitory effect of six wolfberry dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives on CYP46A1 activity was investigated
using cholesterol as a substrate in vitro. Molecular docking was used to simulate the interactions between
wolfberry dicaffeoylspermidine derivatives and CYP46A1.

Results:
Of these spermidines, lycibarbarspermidines D (1) and A (2) showed highly-selective and strong inhibitory
effects on CYP46A1 but not on other human CYP isoforms. Both 1 and 2 exhibit mixed partial competitive inhibition
of CYP46A1, with Ki values of 106 nM and 258 nM, respectively. Notably, 1 and 2 had excellent orientations
within the active cavity of CYP46A1, and both formed three water-hydrogen bonds with W732 and W765, located
near the heme of CYP46A1.

Conclusion:
Compounds 1 and 2 showed a highly-selective and nanomolar affinity for CYP46A1 in vitro. These
findings suggested that compounds 1 and 2 could be used as potent inhibitors of CYP46A1 in vitro.
An Insight into Emerging Begomoviruses and their Satellite Complex
causing Papaya Leaf Curl Disease
Authors: Srivastava Aarshi , Pandey Vineeta , Al-Sadi Abdullah. M. , Shahid Muhammad S. , Gaur R.K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Papaya leaf curl disease (PaLCD) was primarily detected in India and causes major economic
damage to agriculture crops grown globally, seriously threatening food security. Begomoviruses
are communicated by the vector Bemisia tabaci, and their transmission efficiency and persistence in
the vector are the highest, exhibiting the widest host range due to adaptation and evolution. Symptoms
induced during PaLCD include leaf curl, leaf yellowing, interveinal chlorosis, and reduced fruit quality
and yield. Consequently, plants have evolved several multi-layered defense mechanisms to resist
Begomovirus infection and distribution. Subsequently, Begomovirus genomes organise circular ssDNA
of size ~2.5–2.7 kb of overlapping viral transcripts and carry six–seven ORFs encoding multifunctional
proteins, which are precisely evolved by the viruses to maintain the genome-constraint and develop
complex but integrated interactions with a variety of host components to expand and facilitate
successful infection cycles, i.e., suppression of host defense strategies. Geographical distribution is
continuing to increase due to the advent and evolution of new Begomoviruses, and sweep to new regions
is a future scenario. This review summarizes the current information on the biological functions
of papaya-infecting Begomoviruses and their encoded proteins in transmission through vectors and
modulating host-mediated responses, which may improve our understanding of how to challenge these
significant plant viruses by revealing new information on the development of antiviral approaches
against Begomoviruses associated with PaLCD.
2,3-Diarylindoles as COX-2 Inhibitors: Exploring the Structure-activity
Relationship through Molecular Docking Simulations
Authors: Cuppoloni Andrea , Silva João Vitor , Snape Timothy James , Lal Samridhi , Giarolla Jeanine 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Arylindole derivatives are promising scaffolds in the design of new drugs. These scaffolds exhibit a wide biological activity, including inhibition of COX-2, antitumor activi-ty, receptor GABA agonism, and estrogen receptor modulation.

Objective:
Taking this into account, this paper presents a study to understand the inhibitory action of certain 2-arylindole derivatives, specifically a series of 2,3-diarylindoles with IC50 values from 0.006 nM to 100 nM, on the COX-2 enzyme and supports its structural-activity relationship (SAR) through molecular docking simulations.

Methods:
Applying molecular modelling, especially molecular docking, we assessed the SAR of a series of 2,3-arylindoles derivatives in the COX-2 enzyme.

Results:
The results indicated that Gly 526 and Phe 381 residues are relevant for improving inhibi-tory activity on para-substituted 3-phenyl- compounds. Arg 120 was also demonstrated to be an im-portant residue for COX-2 inhibition since it enables a π-cation interaction with the best compound in series A5 (experimental IC50 = 0.006 nM determined in advance). Furthermore, COX-2 presents flexibility in some regions of the active site to adequately accommodate 5-substituted compounds containing an indole ring.

Conclusion:
Therefore, such structural features can be used as support for further Structural-Based Drug Design (SBDD) and/or Ligand-Based Drug Design (LBDD) studies on new selective COX-2 inhibitors.
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Patients
Authors: Amelia Rina , Sari Wahyuni Arlinda , Yunanda Yuki , Wijaya Hendri 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally
elevated levels of blood glucose. The hyperglycemic condition is caused by abnormalities in
either insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Two-thirds of diabetes-related deaths are caused by
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of ASCVD and related factors in
type 2 DM patients in Medan, North Sumatra.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional observational study. A total of 252 DM patients visiting
primary health centers in Medan were recruited after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
The level of risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was determined by using
ASCVD Risk Calculator. Data required to use this calculator are age, sex, race, total cholesterol,
HDL-C, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, history of hypertension
treatment, smoking history, and use of statins for anti-hyperlipidemia. The data were then analyzed
with Chi-square Test (p < 0.0%) and processed with SPSS.

Results:
There were 59 (23.41%), 140 (55.56%), and 53 (21.03%) participants who had high,
moderate, and low risks of ASCVD, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed significant association
between risk of ASCVD with age, SBP, total cholesterol level, HDL-C levels, and duration of
diabetes (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, gender and familial history not related to ASCVD risks among
DM patients (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The risks for atherosclerotic complications of cardiovascular disease in type 2 DM
patients in Medan were predominantly high. The variables related to ASCVD risks included age,
gender, HbA1C, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol levels, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels.
Research Progress on Gene Synthesis and Anticancer and Lipid-lowering Mechanism
of Monacolin K
Authors: Sun Qiu-Wan , Hong Hou-Sheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Monacolin K (MK), also known as lovastatin (LOV), is a secondary metabolite synthesized by Monascus in
the later stage of fermentation and is the main component of functional red yeast rice (RYR). The structure of MK is
similar to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), and it can competitively bind to 3-hydroxy-3-
methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), thus reducing the level of blood lipids. MK can affect the expression
of MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB pathway, prepare conjugates with other compounds, and enhance the sensitivity of
cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs so as to induce apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia, prostate cancer, breast cancer,
lung cancer, gastric cancer, and liver cancer. Combined with the synthetic route of MK, this paper summarizes the latest
lipid-lowering and anticancer mechanism of MK, and provides a reference for the application of MK in medicine.
Strategies to Improve the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Health Equity: Scoping Review
Authors: Berdahl Carl Thomas , Baker Lawrence , Mann Sean , Osoba Osonde , Girosi Federico 
Published: February 2023

Background
Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) applications have the potential to improve health, but they may also perpetuate or exacerbate inequities.

Objective
This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the health equity issues related to the use of AI applications and identify strategies proposed to address them.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Xplore Digital Library, ProQuest U.S. Newsstream, Academic Search Complete, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify academic and gray literature related to AI and health equity that were published between 2014 and 2021 and additional literature related to AI and health equity during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 and 2021. Literature was eligible for inclusion in our review if it identified at least one equity issue and a corresponding strategy to address it. To organize and synthesize equity issues, we adopted a 4-step AI application framework: Background Context, Data Characteristics, Model Design, and Deployment. We then created a many-to-many mapping of the links between issues and strategies.

Results
In 660 documents, we identified 18 equity issues and 15 strategies to address them. Equity issues related to Data Characteristics and Model Design were the most common. The most common strategies recommended to improve equity were improving the quantity and quality of data, evaluating the disparities introduced by an application, increasing model reporting and transparency, involving the broader community in AI application development, and improving governance.

Conclusions
Stakeholders should review our many-to-many mapping of equity issues and strategies when planning, developing, and implementing AI applications in health care so that they can make appropriate plans to ensure equity for populations affected by their products. AI application developers should consider adopting equity-focused checklists, and regulators such as the FDA should consider requiring them. Given that our review was limited to documents published online, developers may have unpublished knowledge of additional issues and strategies that we were unable to identify.
Direct and Indirect Predictors of Medication Adherence With Bipolar Disorder: Path Analysis
Authors: Cohen Bar , Sixsmith Andrew , Pollock Star Ariel , Haglili Ophir , O'Rourke Norm 
Published: February 2023

Background
Despite the efficacy of treatment and severity of symptoms, medication adherence by many with bipolar disorder (BD) is variable at best. This poses a significant challenge for BD care management.

Objective
For this study, we set out to identify psychosocial and psychiatric predictors of medication adherence with BD.

Methods
Using microtargeted social media advertising, we recruited an international sample of young and older adults with BD living in North America (Canada and the United States), Western Europe (eg, United Kingdom and Ireland), Australia and New Zealand (N=92). On average, participants were 55.35 (SD 9.65; range 22-73) years of age, had been diagnosed with BD 14.25 (SD 11.14; range 1-46) years ago, and were currently prescribed 2.40 (SD 1.28; range 0-6) psychotropic medications. Participants completed questionnaires online including the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.

Results
Medication adherence did not significantly differ across BD subtypes, country of residence, or prescription of lithium versus other mood stabilizers (eg, anticonvulsants). Path analyses indicate that alcohol misuse and subjective or perceived cognitive failures are direct predictors of medication adherence. BD symptoms, psychological well-being, and the number of comorbid psychiatric conditions emerged as indirect predictors of medication adherence via perceived cognitive failures.

Conclusions
Alcohol misuse did not predict perceived cognitive failures. Nor did age predict medication adherence or cognitive failures. This is noteworthy given the 51-year age range of participants. That is, persons in their 20s with BD reported similar levels of medication adherence and perceived cognitive failures as those in their 60s. This suggests that perceived cognitive loss is a facet of adult life with BD, in contrast to the assumption that accelerated cognitive aging with BD begins in midlife.
O RESGATE DA CONSERVAÇÃO DO PINHEIRO BRASILEIRO (ARAUCARIA ANGUSTIFOLIA) PELA PRODUÇÃO PRECOCE DO PINHÃO:
Authors: Stelmach Júlio César da Silva , Berreta Marcia dos Santos Ramos , Printes Rodrigo Cambará , Tagliari Mário Sérgio Muniz 
Published: February 2023

Este artigo tem a finalidade de apresentar uma alternativa à conservação da Araucaria angustifolia, espécie arbórea do Bioma da Mata Atlântica da região sul do Brasil, criticamente ameaçada de extinção. O sentido deste estudo é incentivar a divulgação de informações aos proprietários rurais sobre o plantio de araucária precoce pela enxertia por borbulhia, onde se poderá produzir pinhões em um tempo mais curto que o normal. Essa técnica foi desenvolvida pela EMBRAPA Florestas do Paraná e consiste basicamente na retirada de uma lâmina do propágulo de uma planta produtiva e aplicada a um porta-enxerto de uma muda de araucária. A importância da produção da semente de araucária, o pinhão, deve-se, principalmente, à alimentação da fauna silvestre e ao sustento econômico de muitas famílias rurais. Do ponto de vista dos procedimentos técnicos, este estudo foi desenvolvido por meio da Pesquisa Bibliográfica e a Experimental. Pelos resultados das enxertias a campo, acompanhados pelas leituras técnicas, foi possível apresentar um relato da experiência que poderá auxiliar aqueles que tiverem interesse em fazer um plantio em sua propriedade. Os principais aspectos observados é que a técnica é de fácil aplicação e baixo custo, mas requer um planejamento inicial e o entendimento que o processo, entre as mudas de porta-enxerto e a enxertia por borbulhia, pode demorar até dois anos. Além disso, após este prazo, deve-se ter uma atenção especial ao local onde será realizado o plantio definitivo das mudas, acompanhando todo o crescimento até a produção das primeiras pinhas.
Plasma Proteomic Risk Markers of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Reflect Physiologically Distinct Components of Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis
Authors: Cronjé Héléne T. , Mi Michael Y. , Austin Thomas R. , Biggs Mary L. , Siscovick David S. , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Psaty Bruce M. , Tracy Russell P. , Djoussé Luc , Kizer Jorge R. , Ix Joachim H. , Rao Prashant , Robbins Jeremy M. , Barber Jacob L. , Sarzynski Mark A. , Clish Clary B. , Bouchard Claude , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Gerszten Robert E. , Jensen Majken K. 
Published: February 2023

High-throughput proteomics allows researchers to simultaneously explore the roles of thousands of biomarkers in the pathophysiology of diabetes. We conducted proteomic association studies of incident type 2 diabetes and physiologic responses to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) to identify novel protein contributors to glucose homeostasis and diabetes risk. We tested 4,776 SomaScan proteins measured in relation to 18-year incident diabetes risk in participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study (N = 2,631) and IVGTT-derived measures in participants from the HERITAGE Family Study (N = 752). We characterize 51 proteins that were associated with longitudinal diabetes risk, using their respective 39, 9, and 8 concurrent associations with insulin sensitivity index (SI), acute insulin response to glucose (AIRG), and glucose effectiveness (SG). Twelve of the 51 diabetes associations appear to be novel, including β-glucuronidase, which was associated with increased diabetes risk and lower SG, suggesting an alternative pathway to insulin for glucose disposal; and plexin-B2, which also was associated with increased diabetes risk, but with lower AIRG, and not with SI, indicating a mechanism related instead to pancreatic dysfunction. Other novel protein associations included alcohol dehydrogenase-1C, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase-B, sorbitol dehydrogenase with elevated type 2 diabetes risk, and a leucine-rich repeat containing protein-15 and myocilin with decreased risk.

Article Highlights
Plasma proteins are associated with the risk of incident diabetes in older adults independent of various demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical risk factors. These same proteins are associated with subtle differences in measures of glucose homeostasis earlier in life. Proteins that are associated with lower insulin sensitivity in individuals without diabetes tend to be associated with appropriate compensatory mechanisms, such as a stronger acute insulin response or higher glucose effectiveness. Proteins that are associated with future diabetes risk, but not with insulin insensitivity, tend to be associated with lower glucose effectiveness and/or impaired acute insulin response.
Structural Brain Alterations in Key Somatosensory and Nociceptive Regions in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Selvarajah Dinesh , Sloan Gordon , Teh Kevin , Wilkinson Iain D. , Heiberg-Gibbons Francesca , Awadh Mohammad , Kelsall Alan , Grieg Marni , Pallai Shillo , Tesfaye Solomon 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVEDespite increasing evidence demonstrating structural and functional alterations within the central nervous system in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), the neuroanatomical correlates of painful and painless DPN have yet to be identified. Focusing on structural MRI, the aims of this study were to 1) define the brain morphological alterations in painful and painless DPN and 2) explore the relationships between brain morphology and clinical/neurophysiological assessments.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 277 participants with type 1 and 2 diabetes (no DPN [n = 57], painless DPN [n = 77], painful DPN [n = 77]) and 66 healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled. All underwent detailed clinical/neurophysiological assessment and brain 3T MRI. Participants with painful DPN were subdivided into the irritable (IR) nociceptor and nonirritable (NIR) nociceptor phenotypes using the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain protocol. Cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed with FreeSurfer software and voxel-based morphometry implemented in FSL.RESULTSBoth participants with painful and painless DPN showed a significant reduction in primary somatosensory and motor cortical thickness compared with HVs (P = 0.02; F[3,275] = 3.36) and participants with no DPN (P = 0.01; F[3,275] = 3.80). Somatomotor cortical thickness correlated with neurophysiological measures of DPN severity. There was also a reduction in ventrobasal thalamic nuclei volume in both painless and painful DPN. Participants with painful DPN with the NIR nociceptor phenotype had reduced primary somatosensory cortical, posterior cingulate cortical, and thalamic volume compared with the IR nociceptor phenotype.CONCLUSIONSIn this largest neuroimaging study in DPN to date, we demonstrated significant structural alterations in key somatomotor/nociceptive brain regions specific to painless DPN and painful DPN, including the IR and NIR nociceptor phenotypes.