bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcultural Conflicts and Pandemic: The Situation of the Chinese Community in Spain
Authors: Yao Yuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has amplified and reinforced prejudice and racism against Asians, accompanied by increased conflicts such as discrimination towards ethnic Chinese. This study analyses the discrimination and conflicts experienced by ethnic Chinese living in Spain, empirically demonstrating the causality behind these discriminations. Further analysis of the relationship between gender, age, and length of residence in the host country as variables to establish the phenomena of discrimination among ethnic Chinese. The evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to intensify prejudice and discrimination against individuals of East Asian origin (Loffman, 2020). In order to avoid the escalating conflicts of ethnic Chinese living abroad in the post-pandemic era, this study explores the reasons behind these discriminations and conflicts. This study developed the hypothesis that the racist discrimination experienced by the ethnic Chinese community living in Spain can be attributed to cultural differences. A descriptive-correlational research study that used a cross-sectional self-reported observational research design was carried out to examine this hypothesis. Based on the results, it affirms the hypothesis of this study that the racist conflicts experienced by ethnic Chinese living in Spain during the pandemic were related to cultural differences. This result provides certain reference value for a better understanding of the conflict between different cultures. Furthermore, as the COVID-19 pandemic has brought a new contextual environment to the world and ethnic Chinese are facing new situations when living abroad, this study may provide very timely insight and has strong social relevance.
Dynamic beam control based on electrically switchable nanogratings from conducting polymers
Authors: Lee Yohan , Karst Julian , Ubl Monika , Hentschel Mario , Giessen Harald 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Surging interests in point-of-device miniaturization have led to the development of metasurface-based optical components. Here, we demonstrate an electrically-driven ultracompact beam controller in the infrared spectral range. The effect benefits from diffraction gratings consisting of the commercially available conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS, which exhibits metal-to-insulator transition characteristics upon electrical biasing. By combining several metagratings with different superlattice periods in electrically isolated areas, our device enables diffraction beams at 16 and 33.5° when applying voltages of only ±1 V. Furthermore, no diffraction is realized by switching off the plasmonic property of the gratings. Dynamic control of electromagnetic wave via the presented platforms could be transformative for sensing, imaging, and communication applications.
Physicochemical stability study of a biosimilar of Bevacizumab in vials and after dilution in 0.9% NaCl in polyolefin intravenous bags
Authors: Vieillard Victoire , Paul Muriel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Bevacizumab was first marketed in 2005. Since then, its stability has been extensively studied. The arrival of numerous biosimilars on the market has called into question these stabilities and organisation within reconstitution units. To study the stability of the Bevacizumab biosimilar Alymsys® marketed by Zentiva laboratory in ready-to-use vials at a concentration of 25 mg/mL and following dilution to obtain final concentrations of 1.4 and 16.5 mg/mL and storage in polyolefin IV bags at 4 °C. In parallel, the impact of a storage temperature excursion at 25 °C for three days and storage of the vial before opening at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and after opening at 4 °C was studied.

Methods
The vials were supplied by Zentiva laboratory. The vials (three batches) were diluted to the final concentrations of 1.4 or 16.5 mg/mL in 100 mL IV bags of NaCl. The IV bags and vials were stored at 4 °C and at room temperature throughout the duration of the study. The physico-chemical stability was tested using the following methods: turbidimetry, UV spectrometry and fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, ion exchange and steric exclusion chromatography, pH, osmolality and density.

Results
Out of all the parameters studied, for the two concentrations and standard storage conditions (90 days at +4 °C) or after a three-day temperature excursion at +25 °C, no modification was detected for the three batches tested with respect to physical and chemical stability. Hence, no signs of physical instability were observed, with, in particular, the absence of formation of submicron or micron sized aggregates and particles. The steric exclusion chromatography profiles did not demonstrate any oligomer formation or molecular structure rupture. Ion exchange chromatography did not demonstrate any significant modification in the distribution of charge variants. Derivative UV and fluorescence spectral analysis did not demonstrate any modification. The thermal denaturation curves were identical, suggesting the absence of thermodynamic destabilisation. Identical results were observed for the vials stored for 60 days at 4 °C after opening. Finally, only ion exchange chromatography demonstrated a slight change after 45 days of storage at 25 °C for vials before opening.

Conclusions
After dilution in sterile conditions with 0.9% NaCl in polyolefin IV bags, at the usual concentrations of 1.4 and 16.5 mg/mL, the Bevacizumab biosimilar Alymsys® is stable for at least three months at 4 °C protected from light and after a three-day temperature excursion at +25 °C. The same conclusions can be reached for the 25 mg/mL vials stored for 60 days at +4 °C after opening. However, the stability of vials stored at 25 °C before opening is no longer guaranteed beyond 15 days.
Chronic Neuronal Inactivity Utilizes the mTOR-TFEB Pathway to Drive Transcription-Dependent Autophagy for Homeostatic Up-Scaling
Authors: Wang Yang , Lin Jingran , Li Jiarui , Yan Lu , Li Wenwen , He Xingzhi , Ma Huan 
Published: March 2023

Activity-dependent changes in protein expression are critical for neuronal plasticity, a fundamental process for the processing and storage of information in the brain. Among the various forms of plasticity, homeostatic synaptic up-scaling is unique in that it is induced primarily by neuronal inactivity. However, precisely how the turnover of synaptic proteins occurs in this homeostatic process remains unclear. Here, we report that chronically inhibiting neuronal activity in primary cortical neurons prepared from embryonic day (E)18 Sprague Dawley rats (both sexes) induces autophagy, thereby regulating key synaptic proteins for up-scaling. Mechanistically, chronic neuronal inactivity causes dephosphorylation of ERK and mTOR, which induces transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated cytonuclear signaling and drives transcription-dependent autophagy to regulate αCaMKII and PSD95 during synaptic up-scaling. Together, these findings suggest that mTOR-dependent autophagy, which is often triggered by metabolic stressors such as starvation, is recruited and sustained during neuronal inactivity to maintain synaptic homeostasis, a process that ensures proper brain function and if impaired can cause neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the mammalian brain, protein turnover is tightly controlled by neuronal activation to ensure key neuronal functions during long-lasting synaptic plasticity. However, a long-standing question is how this process occurs during synaptic up-scaling, a process that requires protein turnover but is induced by neuronal inactivation. Here, we report that mTOR-dependent signaling, which is often triggered by metabolic stressors such as starvation, is “hijacked” by chronic neuronal inactivation, which then serves as a nucleation point for transcription factor EB (TFEB) cytonuclear signaling that drives transcription-dependent autophagy for up-scaling. These results provide the first evidence of a physiological role of mTOR-dependent autophagy in enduing neuronal plasticity, thereby connecting major themes in cell biology and neuroscience via a servo loop that mediates autoregulation in the brain.
Determination of Free Chemical Potential for Finasteride Diffusion through SDS Micelle Suggested as Alternative Living Membrane System
Authors: Hatem Oraas Adnan , Obaid Ahmed Jassim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract: As an alternative living cell membrane, sodium dodecyl sulfide (SDS) has been investigated at this study, spectroscopic assessment of Finasteride diffusion through the alternate model of the cell membrane in two distinct polar solutions, buffer phosphate solution pH 7.4 and Cyclohexane(Non-polar solution), has been studied. Finasteride in buffer phosphate solution showed a definite ?max at 253 nm, which was consistent with the default values. The results also reveal that the non-polar medium has a lower attenuation coefficient and a shorter maximum wavelength than the polar medium. The pH 7.4 finasteride solution demonstrated remarkable stability over time.
Diffusion rate of Finasteride was investigated using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) as an alternative cell membrane model. The chemical potential was determined to be - 6294.76 J mol-1, showing the spontaneity of the compound's diffusion process.
The results indicated that Finasteride may diffuse (at a rate constant of 51.11 min-1) from the aqueous media and other identified components to the inner micelle; the equilibrium constant for diffusion was calculated to be 11.5.
Keywords: Finasteride, Diffusion, Chemical potential, SDS, Alternative model, Cell membrane.
Kutatások az énlaki (Inlăceni) castellumban
Authors: Visy Zsolt 
Published: March 2023

AbsztraktA 2021-es ásatás a két oldalkapu területén zajlott. Kiderült, hogy a kőkapuk tornyai később, Caracalla alatt épültek. A porta principalis sinistra területén a 3. század közepén épült kapunyílást elzáró fal maradványai is napvilágra kerültek. Az ásatás során a cohors VIII Raetorum építési feliratának töredéke került elő a 149. évből. Az új felirat nemcsak az építés pontos idejét jelzi, hanem azt is, hogy az építtető ez a cohors volt, és nem a korábban feltételezett cohors IIII Hispanorum.The excavation in 2021 took place in the areas of the two side gates. It turned out that the stone gate towers were built later, under Caracalla. In the area of the porta principalis sinistra, the remains of the wall blocking the gate opening, which was built in the middle of the 3rd century, dame to light. During the excavation, a fragment of the building inscription of the cohors VIII Raetorum from the year 149 was found. The new inscription not only indicates the exact time of construction, but also indicates that the builder was this cohort and not the previously assumed cohors IIII Hispanorum.
SPECTRAL KURTOSIS OF OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS USING
THE HUSIMI TRANSFORM: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Siedlecki Tomasz , Zielinski Jakub 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundTime-frequency distributions can help reveal resonant modes of OAEs. The Husimi transform is the time-frequency distribution of probability. The sound pressure probability density function for a given frequency can be derived from
the Husimi transform. Using the Husimi transform as the weight function, it is possible to define the spectral kurtosis of OAEs.Material and MethodsThe Husimi transform was calculated numerically from OAE data recorded from subjects with normal hearing. We examined click-evoked OAEs (CEOAEs) and tone-burst-evoked OAEs (TBOAEs) with stimuli centered at
1, 2, and 4 kHz, and the presence of spontaneous OAEs (SOAEs) was also investigated. The aim of this study was to examine
the statistical properties of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and relate them to resonant modes of the cochlea. Assuming that
the probability of the sound pressure of an OAE at any time and frequency is given by a Husimi-type transform, we analyzed
statistical features of the probability distribution, particularly spectral kurtosis.ResultsWith evoked OAEs, a minimum in kurtosis was found at frequencies close to SOAEs. With TBOAEs, three sorts of
SOAEs were found: those with high positive kurtosis, those with small positive kurtosis, and those with negative kurtosis; in
these cases, SOAEs appeared at the same frequency as the kurtosis minimum.ConclusionsThe kurtosis of evoked components of an OAE is strongly affected by the presence of an SOAE. The number of
positive peaks and negative troughs of spectral kurtosis in a given frequency band seem to be characteristic of each subject.
It is suggested that a new way of distinguishing types of OAEs may involve calculating the spectral kurtosis, and this may be
diagnostically useful.
Prospective study of prostate cancer detection using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging ultrasound-guided fusion, standard, and saturation biopsy
Authors: Petov V. S. , Timofeeva E. Yu. , Bazarkin A. K. , Morozov A. O. , Taratkin M. S. , Ganzha T. M. , Danilov S. P. , Chernov Ya. N. , Abdusalamov A. F. , Amosov A. V. , Enikeev D. V. , Krupinov G. E. 
Published: March 2023

Background. Currently, about 80 % of men with low-grade prostate cancer (per ISUP 1 (International Society of Urological Pathology)) have indications for radical treatment. Overdiagnosis of low-grade cancer is associated with the use of systematic biopsy methods (standard transrectal, saturation) under ultrasound control for diagnosis verification. To improve prostate cancer diagnosis, the European Association of Urology (2019) recommended multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging before biopsy, and in case of detection of a suspicious lesion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy. In clinical practice, the most common method of MRI-targeted biopsy is multiparametric MRI ultrasound-guided (mpMRI/US) fusion biopsy. However, some studies show contradictory results in detection of prostate cancer using systematic and MRI-targeted biopsy techniques.Aim. To compare detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (ISUP ≥2) using mpMRI/US fusion, standard, and saturation biopsy.Materials and methods. The study included 96 patients. The following inclusion criteria were applied: prostate-specific antigen >2 ng/mL and/or detection of a suspicious lesion during digital rectal and/or transrectal ultrasound examination, and PI-RADS (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System) v.2.1 score ≥3. At the first stage, “unblinded” urologist performed a transperineal mpMRI/US fusion and saturation biopsies. At the second stage, “blinded” urologist performed standard transrectal biopsy. Clinically significant cancer was defined as ISUP ≥2.Results. Median age was 63 years, prostate volume – 47 cm3, prostate-specific antigen – 6.82 ng/mL. MpMRI/US fusion, standard, and saturation biopsies were comparable in regard to the rate of detection of clinically significant (29, 24, 28 %; p = 0.81) and clinically insignificant (25, 26, 35 %; p = 0.43) cancer. Overall prostate cancer detection rates were also similar: 54, 50, 63 %, respectively (p = 0.59). The percentages of positive cores in mpMRI/US fusion, standard, and saturation biopsies were 33, 10 and 13 %, respectively (p <0.01). The maximal core length in mpMRI/US was 6.4 mm, in standard biopsy – 6.35 mm, in saturation biopsy – 5.1 mm (p = 0.7).Conclusion. Detection rates of clinically significant, clinically insignificant prostate cancer and overall detection rate are comparable between systematic biopsy techniques and mpMRI/US fusion biopsy.
Outcomes of radical prostatectomy in treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer: clinical observations
Authors: Popov S. V. , Guseynov R. G. , Orlov I. N. , Sivak K. V. , Skryabin O. N. , Perepelitsa V. V. , Katunin A. S. , Yasheva S. Yu. , Zaytsev A. S. 
Published: March 2023

Background. Radical prostatectomy in treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer is currently recommended as one of the stages of multimodal therapy. Despite this, the expediency of surgical intervention remains a subject of discussion: based on the results of their own research, supporters of surgical tactics for treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer point to the effectiveness and relative safety of radical prostatectomy, opponents point to the high probability of a positive surgical edge associated with the operation, local tumor recurrence, lymphogenic metastasis, and formation of distant metastases.Aim. To evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed in combination with expanded pelvic lymphadenectomy in treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma T3a–3bN0M0.Materials and methods. The perioperative, functional, and oncological results of surgical treatment of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (n = 32) aged between 46 years to 71 years were analyzed. The follow-up period averaged 9–36 months (median 13 months).Results. Mean total duration of surgical intervention and mean volume of intraoperative blood loss were 182.69 ± 3.99 minutes and 253.06 ± 9.80 ml, respectively. Overestimation of the clinical stage of the disease, according to histological examination of the surgical material, was observed in 6.3 % of patients. After the intervention, the function of urinary retention was preserved and did not require correction in 65.6 % of men. In all patients 6 months after the operation, the urinary volume, maximum and mean urine flow rates were normalized, and there was a trend toward a decrease in the post-void residual volume. During the entire follow-up period, there were no signs of biochemical relapse in 78.1 % of patients. None of the participants dropped out of the study due to death.Conclusion. Over the last 20 years in specialized medical periodicals, author teams from various countries have shown the immediate and remote (follow-up period from 3 to 20 years) outcomes of radical surgical treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer in at least 80,000 patients in total, while the criterion for exclusion from research was adjuvant therapy. The authors’ conclusions indicate the effectiveness and relative safety of surgical treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer, as well as the importance of extended pelvic lymphadenectomy, which allows to optimize the tactics of adjuvant therapy if necessary. The results of our own observations are completely comparable with the literature data. Currently, scientific research is continuing with the aim of improving the outcomes of surgical treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer, in particular clarifying the role of individual prognostic factors, improving prediction techniques and choosing a rational scheme of treatment measures.
Enhanced recovery program in surgical treatment of patients with germ cell tumors of the testicle: experience of a specialized hospital
Authors: Mamizhev E. V. , Berkut M. V. , Rumyantseva D. I. , Shchekuteev N. A. , Krotov N. F. , Sigaev A. M. , Podvigina N. I. , Nekrasov D. V. , Nosov A. K. 
Published: March 2023

Background. Surgical treatment after chemotherapy is extremely difficult technically and should only be performed in a specialized medical center. The postoperative period after these surgical interventions is aimed not only at minimizing complications, but also at early mobilization and rehabilitation of patients. The principles of fast-track surgery, or ERAS (Enhanсed Recovery After Surgery) significantly reduce the incidence and degree of complications after various surgical interventions. However, the results of studies on the use of fast track in retroperitoneal lymphadenectomies have not yet been presented.Aim. To determine the effect of enhanced recovery program on treatment outcomes in patients with germ cell tumors of the testicle after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 2 groups of patients (n = 93) treated at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology (Saint Petersburg) was performed. In the 1st group of patients, standard postoperative care after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy was performed; in the 2nd group, fast track elements were used. Since the introduction of the ERAS protocol into clinical practice (September 2017), all patients have been included in the 2nd group.Results. The presence or absence of preoperative preparation did not affect the incidence of intraoperative complications (p = 0.031). There were significant differences in the duration of hospitalization between the 1st and 2nd groups –15.3 and 11.9 days (p = 0.03), respectively. Assessment of the pain syndrome using the Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS) showed that median pain level in the 1st group was significantly higher than in the 2nd group: 5 ± 1.5 and 3 ± 1.7, respectively (p = 0.04), which indicates a more severe and less controlled pain syndrome in the 1st group of patients. The rate of infectious complications in the postoperative wound in the 2nd group was 3 cases versus 13 in the 1st group (p = 0.009). The rate of lymphorrhea in 2nd group was significantly lower (p = 0.003), median drainage duration was higher in 1st group (p <0.05). In the 2nd group, 70.6 % of patients did not require drainage, which was an important factor in rapid rehabilitation.Conclusion. The use of fast-track principles in patients after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative complications and rehabilitation time.
Sodium deoxyribonucleate effects on the status of cervical cancer patients after radiotherapy
Authors: Kozina Yu. V. , Slepov E. V. , Kashaeva O. V. , Pavlenko A. Yu. , Zukov R. A. 
Published: March 2023

Background. Apart from surgery and medications, radiation therapy is one of the main treatment methods for malignant tumors of the cervix. However, its use is associated with high incidence of urological complications. In addition, the need for long-term treatment, reduced level of patients’ quality of life promote the necessity to minimize the frequency of urological complications and justify search and study of the most adequate methods of their prevention.Aim. To evaluate the effect of radioprotector sodium deoxyribonucleate on clinical characteristics and quality of life of patients with cervical cancer after radiation treatment.Materials and methods. 80 patients with cervical cancer treated in A.I. Kryzhanovsky Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary. Patients received chemoand radiotherapy with the 3D conformal radiotherapy method in combination with intracavity gamma therapy sources of high dose with subsequent application of radioprotector and without it.Results. On the 3rd visit it was found that in patients with cervical cancer using a radioprotector, reduced red blood cells and flat epithelium cells content in the urine sediment, it may be due to the reparative and cytoprotective sodium deoxyribonucleate properties. In the assessment of the life quality after combined therapy completion with radioprotector, 60 % of patients’ responses to the health assessment questions of the last week differed from the comparison group. Undesirable phenomena associated with sodium deoxyribonucleate therapy not observed in cervical cancer patients during radiotherapy and subsequent observation period.Conclusion. Conformal external beam radiation therapy in combination with long-term intramuscular administration of a radioprotector has advantages compared to 3D conformal radiation therapy. This method reduces the severity of post-radiation side effects, increases time to development of hematological toxicity in the context of combination chemoradiotherapy, and reduces urothelial damage caused by chemoradiotherapy.