bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How resilient are waterways of the Asian Himalayas? Finding adaptive measures for future sustainability
Authors: Kattel Giri R. , Paszkowski Amelie , Pokhrel Yadu , Wu Wenyan , Li Dongfeng , Rao Mukund P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe high‐mountain system, a storehouse of major waterways that support important ecosystem services to about 1.5 billion people in the Himalaya, is facing unprecedented challenges due to climate change during the 21st century. Intensified floods, accelerating glacial retreat, rapid permafrost degradation, and prolonged droughts are altering the natural hydrological balances and generating unpredictable spatial and temporal distributions of water availability. Anthropogenic activities are adding further pressure onto Himalayan waterways. The fundamental question of waterway management in this region is therefore how this hydro‐meteorological transformation, caused by climate change and anthropogenic perturbations, can be tackled to find avenues for sustainability. This requires a framework that can diagnose threats at a range of spatial and temporal scales and provide recommendations for strong adaptive measures for sustainable future waterways. This focus paper assesses the current literature base to bring together our understanding of how recent climatic changes have threatened waterways in the Asian Himalayas, how society has been responding to rapidly changing waterway conditions, and what adaptive options are available for the region. The study finds that Himalayan waterways are crucial in protecting nature and society. The implementation of integrated waterways management measures, the rapid advancement of waterway infrastructure technologies, and the improved governance of waterways are more critical than ever.This article is categorized under:
Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Slavery in the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Schiel Juliane 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter discusses household slavery in relation to the urbanization process and Mediterranean colonialism taking place in late medieval Europe. It reassesses the Ehrenkreutz thesis that urban slavery in late medieval Europe was a secondary byproduct of power relations in Central Asia and the Black Sea region by evaluating information on the entry of individuals into slavery from fragmented documents. Furthermore, the chapter shows that urban slavery in the late medieval Mediterranean included far more than domestic services and discusses the value of court papers and wills for the understanding of exit scenarios for slaves.
Slavery in the Mediterranean
Authors: Bonazza Giulia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on slavery in the Mediterranean region from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, and especially in the Northern Mediterranean basin, including the Italian states, France, Spain, and Portugal. Comparing the situation in Southern European states to that in the Ottoman Empire and its satellite states enables an analysis of the forms of reciprocity and the commonalities inherent in slave trade practices around the Mediterranean. The Mediterranean was at the center of larger slave trading networks whose slaves originated from all over the world. More specifically, this chapter examines various forms of enslavement and types of work performed by slaves, along with the different levels of coercion involved in them. In its conclusion, the chapter details some of the exit strategies that enabled slaves to become free—both in socio-economic terms and from a legal perspective.
Slavery in the Holy Roman Empire
Authors: Köstlbauer Josef 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to the multifaceted history of slavery in the principalities of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in the early modern period. Utilizing the tripartite structure proposed by the editors, it explains the heterogeneous and often ill-defined character of slavery in the Empire. Besides describing the various entryways of enslaved individuals into the Empire and the disparate expressions of slavery encountered there, the chapter aims to provide readers with a clear understanding of how slavery interacted with and was often obscured by a range of conditions of dependency and hierarchy permeating early modern German society.
Slavery and Serfdom in Muscovy and the Russian Empire
Authors: Nolte Hans-Heinrich , Smolarz Elena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to assess forms of strong asymmetric social dependency in early modern Russia, especially with respect to slaves, servants, and serfs, as well as institutionalized bondage and its imperial legislation and local practices. Based on legal documents and administrative records, the legal status of kholopy (servants/slaves) and krepostnye (serfs) will be elaborated. Special attention will be paid to the circumstances of entry into dependent social status, to the living and working conditions, and to possibilities for upward social mobility or even release. In order to grasp the “continuum of dependency,” textual articulation of dependencies and their historical semantics as well as institutional norms and regional practices will be considered.
Slavery in the Indian Ocean World
Authors: Chakraborty Titas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides a comprehensive history of various forms of slavery in what came to be known in historical works as the Indian Ocean World, or a specific zone of multi-regional connections through maritime practices. It explores the dynamics of enslavement including the trade in slaves, the range of work that enslaved men and women performed, and the possibilities of social mobility for slaves and ex-slaves. In doing so, the chapter familiarizes readers with three major historiographical debates in the field, namely, who/what constituted the figure of a slave; the relationship between slavery in the Indian Ocean world and other forms of bondage such as the Atlantic slavery and indentured servitude; and the relationship between abolition and colonialism in the Indian Ocean world.
Injection: Atlantic Slavery and Commodity Chains
Authors: Weber Klaus 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSouth Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe were more closely involved with slavery in the Americas than is commonly assumed. Lower costs for labor, raw materials, and solid fuel gave specific regions a competitive edge in the production of commodities used in the barter trade for slaves from West Africa, as well as in provisioning New World plantations. Ironware from the Rhineland; copper and iron from Sweden; Bohemian glassware; and especially Indian cottons and German linen, all contributed to lowering costs in the acquisition of slaves and in the maintenance of plantations. The purchasing power thus generated in Central Europe contributed to the growth of the population and of proto-industries, and ultimately to industrialization. This injection essay illuminates the impact of commodity chains on New World slavery by focusing on the single most important plantation product destined for Europe—sugar—and the two single most important barter commodities destined for Africa: textiles and metalware.
The Second Slavery in the Americas
Authors: Zeuske Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the era of “second slavery” from roughly 1800 to 1888. The second slavery in the Atlantic world refers to the renewed expansion and the creation of new frontiers of slavery, with modern capitalist characteristics, especially (but not exclusively) in the nineteenth-century slaveholding societies of the US South, Brazil, and the Spanish Caribbean (especially Cuba). It began during the Age of Revolutions and mirrored the piecemeal abolition of slavery in other parts of the Americas. The chapter starts with the rise of the second slavery in the wake of the Atlantic revolutions, including the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade by the US and Great Britain in 1808. It then discusses the intensification and modernization of plantation agriculture in the main regions of the second slavery, supplemented by the rise of slave trading in the hiddenAtlantic (the Atlantic after the formal abolition of the Atlantic slave trade with its contraband economies) as well as internally within slaveholding societies (especially in the US South and Brazil).
Slavery in Southeastern Europe
Authors: Achim Viorel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn Southeastern Europe, slavery was present in various forms from antiquity until the nineteenth century. During the 1800s, slavery as a social reality still existed in the Ottoman Empire (including its European provinces) as well as in the Romanian principalities. Wallachia and Moldavia had slaves and slavery since their founding in the fourteenth century. Around the middle of the nineteenth century, the roughly 250000 slaves living in the two countries represented seven percent of the total population. There were three categories of slaves: state slaves, slaves owned by monasteries, and privately owned slaves. The slave population was diverse in numerous ways. In terms of their ethnicity, most slaves were Roma, while some were of Romanian or other origin. As in previous centuries, they played an important role in the country’s economy—primarily by way of the enslaved craftsmen who practiced their crafts itinerantly in villages. This chapter reconstructs the history of slavery, abolitionism, and emancipation in the Romanian principalities between the 1830s and the 1850s, with reference to previous periods and similar processes taking place around the same time in other geographical areas.
Extinguishing Landscape, Creating Property: Property and Spatial Injustice
Authors: Byer Amanda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the ways in which loss of place or landscape destruction can be considered intrinsic to property’s formulation in the law. In summarising the relationship between the common law and land by examining property’s impact on various geographic locations, it becomes clear that private property has benefitted from undemocratic and environmentally harmful activities that have concerning implications for sustainable land use. Failure to consider enduring people–place relations developed in response to local limits means that property operates without regard for the physical environment, including its cultural dimensions, and this has implications for human rights and ecological resilience. The chapter closes by identifying this transition from landscape to property as spatial injustice that is upheld by the law.
Hairy black holes in AdS with Robin boundary conditions
Authors: Harada Tomohiro , Ishii Takaaki , Katagiri Takuya , Tanahashi Norihiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study hairy black holes in Einstein-Maxwell-complex scalar theory in four-dimensional asymptotically global anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime when the Robin boundary conditions are imposed on the scalar field. This setup is dual to the double trace deformation of strongly interacting field theory on R × S2 by charged scalar operators. We identify the instability of the Reissner-Nordström-AdS (RNAdS) black holes under the Robin boundary conditions and construct backreacted geometries branching at the onset of the instability. Also considering associated horizonless geometries called boson stars, we obtain phase diagrams with fairly rich structure in the grand canonical ensemble depending on the boundary condition parameter or the deformation parameter, where phase transition occurs between thermal AdS, RNAdS, charged boson stars, and hairy black holes.
A new puzzle in non-leptonic B decays
Authors: Biswas Aritra , Descotes-Genon Sébastien , Matias Joaquim , Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi Gilberto 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We build a set of new observables using closely related non-leptonic penguin-mediated Bd and Bs decays: $$ {\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {K}^{\ast 0}{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0},{\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {K}^0{\overline{K}}^0,{\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {K}^0{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K

∗
0

K
¯

∗
0

,

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K
0

K
¯

0

,

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K
0

K
¯

∗
0

and $$ {\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {\overline{K}}^0{K}^{\ast 0} $$

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K
¯

0

K

∗
0

together with their CP conjugate partners. These optimised observables are designed to reduce hadronic uncertainties, mainly coming from form factors and power-suppressed contributions, and thus maximize their sensitivity to New Physics (NP). The deviations observed with respect to the Standard Model (SM) in the ratios of branching ratios of $$ {\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {K}^{\ast 0}{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0}\left(2.6\sigma \right) $$

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K

∗
0

K
¯

∗
0

2.6
σ

and $$ {\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {K}^0{\overline{K}}^0\left(2.4\sigma \right) $$

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K
0

K
¯

0

2.4
σ

can be explained by simple NP scenarios involving the Wilson coefficients $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
4 and $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
6 associated with QCD penguin operators and the coefficient $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
8g of the chromomagnetic operator. The optimised observables for $$ {\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {K}^0{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K
0

K
¯

∗
0

and $$ {\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {\overline{K}}^0{K}^{\ast 0} $$

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K
¯

0

K

∗
0

show distinctive patterns of deviations with respect to their SM predictions under these NP scenarios. The pattern of deviations of individual branching ratios, though affected by significant hadronic uncertainties, suggests that NP is needed both in b → d and b → s transitions. We provide the regions for the Wilson coefficients consistent with both optimised observables and individual branching ratios. The NP scenarios considered to explain the deviations of $$ {\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {K}^{\ast 0}{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K

∗
0

K
¯

∗
0

and $$ {\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {K}^0{\overline{K}}^0 $$

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K
0

K
¯

0

can yield deviations up to an order of magnitude among the observables that we introduced for $$ {\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {K}^0{\overline{K}}^{\ast 0} $$

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K
0

K
¯

∗
0

and $$ {\overline{B}}_{d,s}\to {\overline{K}}^0{K}^{\ast 0} $$

B
¯

d
,
s

→

K
¯

0

K

∗
0

. Probing these new observables experimentally by improving the measurements of individual branching ratios of penguin-mediated decays would confirm the consistency of the deviations already observed and provide a highly valuable hint of NP in the non-leptonic sector.
Outside‐in repair technique is effective in traumatic tears of the meniscus in active adults: a systematic review
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Pilone Marco , Bell Andreas , Celik Michael , Konrads Christian , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeMeniscal injuries are common. Outside‐in meniscal repair is one of the techniques advocated for the management of traumatic meniscal tears. This systematic review investigated the outcomes of the outside‐in repair technique for the management of traumatic tears of the menisci. The outcomes of interest were to investigate whether PROMs improved and to evaluate the rate of complications.MethodsFollowing the 2020 PRISMA statement, in May 2023, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase were accessed with no time constraints. All the clinical investigations which reported data on meniscal repair using the outside‐in technique were considered for inclusion. Only studies which reported data on acute traumatic meniscal tears in adults were considered. Only studies which reported a minimum of 24 months of follow‐up were eligible.ResultsData from 458 patients were extracted. 34% (155 of 458) were women. 65% (297 of 458) of tears involved the medial meniscus. The mean operative time was 52.9 ± 13.6 min. Patients returned to their normal activities at 4.8 ± 0.8 months. At a mean of 67‐month follow‐up, all PROMs of interest improved: Tegner scale (P = 0.003), Lysholm score (P < 0.0001), International Knee Documentation Committee (P < 0.0001). 5.9% (27 of 458) of repairs were considered failures. Four of 186 (2.2%) patients experienced a re‐injury, and 5 of 458 (1.1%) patients required re‐operation.ConclusionMeniscal repair using the outside‐in technique can be effectively performed to improve the quality of life and the activity level of patients with acute meniscal tears.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Stepwise asynchronous telehealth assessment of patients with suspected axial spondyloarthritis: results from a pilot study
Authors: Hannah Labinsky , von Sophie Rohr , Gabriella Raimondo Maria , Daniela Bohr , Harriet Morf , Britta Horstmann , Felix Seese , Fabian Proft , Felix Muehlensiepen , Katharina Boy , Sebastian Kuhn , Marc Schmalzing , Nicolas Vuillerme , Georg Schett , Andreas Ramming , Johannes Knitza 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPatients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) suffer from one of the longest diagnostic delays among all rheumatic diseases. Telemedicine (TM) may reduce this diagnostic delay by providing easy access to care. Diagnostic rheumatology telehealth studies are scarce and largely limited to traditional synchronous approaches such as resource-intensive video and telephone consultations. The aim of this study was to investigate a stepwise asynchronous telemedicine-based diagnostic approach in patients with suspected axSpA. Patients with suspected axSpA completed a fully automated digital symptom assessment using two symptom checkers (SC) (bechterew-check and Ada). Secondly, a hybrid stepwise asynchronous TM approach was investigated. Three physicians and two medical students were given sequential access to SC symptom reports, laboratory and imaging results. After each step, participants had to state if axSpA was present or not (yes/no) and had to rate their perceived decision confidence. Results were compared to the final diagnosis of the treating rheumatologist. 17 (47.2%) of 36 included patients were diagnosed with axSpA. Diagnostic accuracy of bechterew-check, Ada, TM students and TM physicians was 47.2%, 58.3%, 76.4% and 88.9% respectively. Access to imaging results significantly increased sensitivity of TM-physicians (p < 0.05). Mean diagnostic confidence of false axSpA classification was not significantly lower compared to correct axSpA classification for both students and physicians. This study underpins the potential of asynchronous physician-based telemedicine for patients with suspected axSpA. Similarly, the results highlight the need for sufficient information, especially imaging results to ensure a correct diagnosis. Further studies are needed to investigate other rheumatic diseases and telediagnostic approaches.
A combinatorial proof of a sumset conjecture of Furstenberg
Authors: Glasscock Daniel , Moreira Joel , Richter Florian K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe give a new proof of a sumset conjecture of Furstenberg that was first proved by Hochman and Shmerkin in 2012: if $$\log r/\log s$$

log
r
/
log
s

is irrational and X and Y are $$\times r$$

×
r

- and $$\times s$$

×
s

-invariant subsets of [0, 1], respectively, then $$\dim _{\text {H}}(X + Y ) = \min (1, \dim _{\text {H}}X + \dim _{\text {H}}Y )$$

dim
H

(
X
+
Y
)

=
min

(
1
,

dim
H

X
+

dim
H

Y
)

. Our main result yields information on the size of the sumset $$\lambda X + \eta Y$$

λ
X
+
η
Y

uniformly across a compact set of parameters at fixed scales. The proof is combinatorial and avoids the machinery of local entropy averages and CP-processes, relying instead on a quantitative, discrete Marstrand projection theorem and a subtree regularity theorem that may be of independent interest.
GPU-based similarity metrics computation and machine learning approaches for string similarity evaluation in large datasets
Authors: Baloi Aurel , Belean Bogdan , Turcu Flaviu , Peptenatu Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe digital era brings up on one hand massive amounts of available data and on the other hand the need of parallel computing architectures for efficient data processing. String similarity evaluation is a processing task applied on large data volumes, commonly performed by various applications such as search engines, biomedical data analysis and even software tools for defending against viruses, spyware, or spam. String similarities are also used in musical industry for matching playlist records with repertory records composed of song titles, performer artists and producers names, aiming to assure copyright protection of mass-media broadcast materials. The present paper proposes a novel GPU-based approach for parallel implementation of the Jaro–Winkler string similarity metric computation, broadly used for matching strings over large datasets. The proposed implementation is applied in musical industry for matching playlist with over 100k records with a given repertory which includes a collection of over 1 million right owner records. The global GPU RAM memory is used to store multiple string lines representing repertory records, whereas single playlist string comparisons with the raw data are performed using the maximum number of available GPU threads and the stride operations. Further on, the accuracy of the Jaro–Winkler approach for the string matching procedure is increased using both an adaptive neural network approach guided by a novelty detection classifier (aNN) and a multiple-features neural network implementation (MF-NN). Thus, the aNN approach yielded an accuracy of 92% while the MF-NN approach achieved an accuracy of 99% at the cost of increased computational complexity. Timing considerations and the computational complexity are detailed for the proposed approaches compared with both the general-purpose processor (CPU) implementation and the state-of-the-art GPU approaches. A speed-up factor of 21.6 was obtained for the GPU-based Jaro–Winkler implementation compared with the CPU one, whereas a factor of 3.72 was obtained compared with the existing GPU implementation of string matching procedure based on Levenstein distance metrics.
Statistical approach to identify variables predicting sulphide clay occurrence in southern Finland
Authors: Saresma Maarit , Löfman Monica , Kosonen Emilia , Ojala Antti E. K. , Korkiala-Tanttu Leena 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcid sulphate soil and sulphide-bearing sediments cause various challenges in construction projects and land use planning, as well as harmful environmental effects. Fine-grained sulphide sediments were mainly formed in coastal areas during the Litorina Sea water phase at approximately 7000 BP in the capital region of Finland, but not all these sediments contain sulphide clay. In this study, environmental and material property variables related to the depositional conditions of sulphide clay were selected for statistical analyses to find their association with the occurrence of sulphide. The datasets consisted of sulphide investigations by the City of Espoo, the City of Helsinki, and the Geological Survey of Finland. Statistically significant associations were found in the study area between the occurrence of sulphide and enumerative variables (i.e., sediment organic content, total clay depth, topographic class in the Litorina Sea phase, and water depth) in the Litorina Sea phase. Locations where sulphide clay is especially likely to occur consist of organic-rich (≥ 2%) thick clay (≥ 15 m) deposits in a topographically narrow depression with deep Litorina water (≥ 30 m), or where there is a moderate depth clay (3–5 m) in a local depression with shallow Litorina water (10–20 m). The best individual predictor for sulphide clay occurrence in the study area was found to be the sediment organic content, and, together with sediment water content, these variables very accurately predicted the occurrence of sulphide clay. In addition, clay depth is a very good predictor and, together with the topographic class narrow depression and the Litorina water depth or current elevation, can be used to predict sulphide occurrence.