bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to dietary guidelines and dental caries among children: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: van Meijeren-van Lunteren Agatha W , Voortman Trudy , Wolvius Eppo B , Kragt Lea 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Even though dietary sugars are the most important nutrient for caries development, the disease process is dependent on other dietary practices. The intake of individual nutrient components cannot be evaluated separately from the overall diet which includes other nutrients, foods and habits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between adherence to dietary guidelines and dental caries.

Methods
This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, conducted in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. In total, 2911 children were included in the present analyses. Dietary intake at the age of 8 years was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires. Diet quality scores were estimated, reflecting adherence to Dutch dietary guidelines. Dental caries was assessed at the age of 13 years using intra-oral photographs. Associations were estimated using multinomial logistic regression analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and oral hygiene practices.

Results
The prevalence of dental caries at the age of 13 years was 33% (n = 969). Better diet quality was associated with a lower occurrence of severe dental caries after adjustments for sociodemographic factors [e.g. highest vs. lowest quartile of diet quality: odds ratio (OR) 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.98]. After additional adjustments for oral hygiene practices, this association was not statistically significant (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.41–1.03).

Conclusion
Adherence to dietary guidelines has the potential to reduce dental caries in children; however, with proper oral hygiene practices, this relationship might be attenuated. To understand the role of dietary patterns and dental caries, the contributing role of daily eating occasions needs to be studied further.
The never-ending battle between lactic acid bacteria and their phages
Authors: Philippe Cécile , Cornuault Jeffrey K , de Melo Alessandra G , Morin-Pelchat Rachel , Jolicoeur Alice P , Moineau Sylvain 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Over the past few decades, the interest in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been steadily growing. This is mainly due to their industrial use, their health benefits as probiotic bacteria and their ecological importance in host-related microbiota. Phage infection represents a significant risk for the production and industrial use of LAB. This created the need to study the various means of defense put in place by LAB to resist their viral enemies, as well as the countermeasures evolved by phages to overcome these defenses. In this review, we discuss defense systems that LAB employ to resist phage infections. We also describe how phages counter these mechanisms through diverse and sophisticated strategies. Furthermore, we discuss the way phage-host interactions shape each other's evolution. The recent discovery of numerous novel defense systems in other bacteria promises a new dawn for phage research in LAB.
The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: XX. Impact of Long-Term Graded Calorie Restriction on Survival and Body Mass Dynamics in Male C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Mitchell Sharon E , Togo Jacques , Green Cara L , Derous Davina , Hambly Catherine , Speakman John R 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) typically promotes a reduction in body mass, which correlates with increased lifespan. We evaluated the overall changes in survival, body mass dynamics, and body composition following long-term graded CR (580 days/19 months) in male C57BL/6J mice. Control mice (0% restriction) were fed ad libitum in the dark phase only (12-hour ad libitum [12AL]). CR groups were restricted by 10%–40% of their baseline food intake (10CR, 20CR, 30CR, and 40CR). Body mass was recorded daily, and body composition was measured at 8 time points. At 728 days/24 months, all surviving mice were culled. A gradation in survival rate over the CR groups was found. The pattern of body mass loss differed over the graded CR groups. Whereas the lower CR groups rapidly resumed an energy balance with no significant loss of fat or fat-free mass, changes in the 30 and 40CR groups were attributed to higher fat-free mass loss and protection of fat mass. Day-to-day changes in body mass were less variable under CR than for the 12AL group. There was no indication that body mass was influenced by external factors. Partial autocorrelation analysis examined the relationship between daily changes in body masses. A negative correlation between mass on Day 0 and Day +1 declined with age in the 12AL but not the CR groups. A reduction in the correlation with age suggested body mass homeostasis is a marker of aging that declines at the end of life and is protected by CR.
Bodily Pain in Physical Function and the Role of Physical Activity Among Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 50–69 Years in Ghana
Authors: Gyasi Razak M , Phillips David R , Boampong Mary Sefa , Abass Kabila , Kyei-Arthur Frank , Agunbiade Ojo Melvin , Mohamed Sukri F , Salarvand Shahin , Smith Lee , Hajek André 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Older adults who experience pain are likely to report higher functional limitations (FL) and lower physical activity (PA) levels. However, the extent to which PA explains the association of pain with FL is largely unknown, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study estimates whether and how much pain in FL is mediated by PA engagement.

Methods
We used cross-sectional data from 770 adults aged 50–69 years who participated in the Aging, Health, Psychological Well-being, and Health-seeking Behavior Study in Ghana. FL and pain characteristics were defined using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36. PA was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form. Bootstrapped mediation analyses estimated the direct and indirect hypothesized associations. The control variables included age, sex, residential type, level of education, monthly income, social isolation, emotional distress, multimorbidity, and self-rated health.

Results
After adjusting for potential confounders, higher pain interference (β = 0.091, p &lt; .05) and higher pain severity (β = 0.075, p &lt; .05) were associated with greater FL. The bootstrapping analyses showed that PA mediated the pain interference-FL association, accounting for approximately 58% (β = 0.124, Boots 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.078–0.175) of the total effect (β = 0.215, Boots 95% CI: 0.095–0.335). Similarly, PA mediated the association between pain severity with FL, accounting for approximately 37% (β = 0.044, Boots 95% CI: 0.001–0.094) of the overall effect (β = 0.119, Boots 95% CI: −0.011 to 0.249).

Conclusions
Our data suggest that the higher pain severity and pain interference may lead to higher FL in middle and old age, and the associations are partially explained by PA. Effective and low-cost PA participation could be targeted in efforts to reduce the effect of pain on physical functioning among middle-aged and older adults.
Neural network architecture optimization using automated machine learning for borehole resistivity measurements
Authors: Shahriari M , Pardo D , Kargaran S , Teijeiro T 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARY
Deep neural networks (DNNs) offer a real-time solution for the inversion of borehole resistivity measurements to approximate forward and inverse operators. Using extremely large DNNs to approximate the operators is possible, but it demands considerable training time. Moreover, evaluating the network after training also requires a significant amount of memory and processing power. In addition, we may overfit the model. In this work, we propose a scoring function that accounts for the accuracy and size of the DNNs compared to a reference DNNs that provides good approximations for the operators. Using this scoring function, we use DNN architecture search algorithms to obtain a quasi-optimal DNN smaller than the reference network; hence, it requires less computational effort during training and evaluation. The quasi-optimal DNN delivers comparable accuracy to the original large DNN.
Operational Earthquake Forecasting in Italy: validation after 10 yr of operativity
Authors: Spassiani I , Falcone G , Murru M , Marzocchi W 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYIn this paper, we gather and take stock of the results produced by the Operational Earthquake Forecasting (OEF) system in Italy, during its first 10 yr of operativity. The system is run in real-time: every midnight and after each ML 3.5+ event, it produces the weekly forecast of earthquakes expected by an ensemble model in each cell of a spatial grid covering the entire Italian territory. To evaluate the performance skill of the OEF-Italy forecasts, we consider here standard tests of the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability, which have been opportunely adapted to the case of the overlapped weekly OEF forecasts; then we also adopt new performance measures borrowed from other research fields, like meteorology, specific to validate alarm-based systems by a binary criterion (forecast: yes/no; occurrence: yes/no). Our final aim is to: (i) investigate possible weaknesses and room for improvements in the OEF-Italy stochastic modelling, (ii) provide performance measures that could be helpful for stakeholders who act through a boolean logic (making an action or not) and (iii) highlight possible features in the Italian tectonic seismic activity.
A critique of the policy discourse on primary health care under the Aardram mission of Kerala
Authors: Sreekumar Sreenidhi , Ravindran T K Sundari 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In 2017, the State of Kerala in India, launched the ‘Aardram’ mission for health. One of the aims of the mission was to enhance the primary health care (PHC) provisioning in the state through the family health centre (FHC) initiative. This was envisaged through a comprehensive PHC approach that prioritized preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative services, and social determinants of health. Given this backdrop, the study aimed to examine the renewed policy commitment towards comprehensive PHC and the extent to which it remains true to the globally accepted ideals of PHC. This was undertaken using a critical discourse analysis (CDA) of the policy discourse on PHC. This included examining the policy documents related to FHC and Aardram as well as the narratives of policy-level actors on PHC and innovations for them. Through CDA we examined the discursive representation of PHC and innovations for improving it at the level of local governments in the state. Though the mission envisaged a shift from the influence of market-driven ideas of health, analysis of the current policy discourse on PHC suggested otherwise. The discourse continues to carry a curative care bias within its ideas of PHC. The disproportionate emphasis on strategies for early detection, treatment and infrastructural improvements meant limited space for preventive, protective and promotive dimensions, thus digressing from the gatekeeping role of PHC. The reduced emphasis on preventive and promotive dimensions and depoliticization of social determinants of health within the PHC discourse indicates that, in the long run, the mission puts at risk its stated goals of social justice and health equity envisioned in the FHC initiative.
P-700 preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy failed to improve cumulative live birth rate in patients with limited good-quality embryos
Authors: Yan Y , Zhang Q , Li J , Huang Y , Zhou W , Ni T , Yan J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Study question
To evaluate whether preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) can improve pregnancy and neonatal outcomes for patients with limited good-quality embryos.

Summary answer
PGT-A failed to improve cumulative live birth rate or shorten time to pregnancy, but optimized pregnancy outcomes per transfer for patients with limited good-quality embryos.

What is known already
PGT-A is currently widely used to screen for aneuploidy with the goal of improving live birth rates. Remarkably, previous studies have focused on the effect of PGT-A on cumulative clinical outcomes in women with good pregnancy prognosis. However, it is still unclear whether PGT-A can improve the cumulative pregnancy outcomes in patients with limited good-quality embryos.

Study design, size, duration
A retrospective cohort study was performed among 1553 women who intended PGT-A for the first time but obtained only two or less good-quality embryos on day 3 after oocyte retrieval from March 2017 to June 2021.

Participants/materials, setting, methods
A total of 1553 patients were divided into two groups: 997 in the PGT-A group and 556 in the drop-out group of withdrawing PGT-A due to poor embryological outcome. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to adjust for potential confounders when comparing the clinical outcomes between two groups.

Main results and the role of chance
After adjusting for potential confounding factors, PGT-A group exhibited significantly lower cumulative rates of biochemical pregnancy (19.96% vs. 30.22%, P-adj &lt; 0.001), clinical pregnancy (17.55% vs. 23.38%, P-adj &lt; 0.001) and live birth (14.14% vs. 16.19%, P-adj = 0.005) per oocyte retrieval and longer median time to pregnancy and live birth compared with drop-out group. However, significant increases in rates of biochemical pregnancy (72.16% vs. 35.50%, P-adj &lt; 0.001), clinical pregnancy (61.86% vs. 26.98%, P-adj &lt; 0.001), and live birth (48.45 vs. 18.26%, P-adj &lt; 0.001) per transfer were found in the PGT-A group. No significant differences were observed in cumulative miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy rates, number of ETs needed per live birth and neonatal outcomes.

Limitations, reasons for caution
This study was limited by the inherent potential bias of retrospective studies and small sample size. Thus, additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.

Wider implications of the findings
PGT-A failed to improve cumulative live birth rate or shorten time to pregnancy, but optimized pregnancy outcomes per transfer for patients with limited good-quality embryos.

Trial registration number
Not applicable
Higher Localization and Higher Branching Laws
Authors: Li Wen-Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
For a connected reductive group $G$ and an affine smooth $G$-variety $X$ over the complex numbers, the localization functor takes $\mathfrak{g}$-modules to $D_{X}$-modules. We extend this construction to an equivariant and derived setting using the formalism of h-complexes due to Beilinson–Ginzburg, and show that the localizations of Harish-Chandra $(\mathfrak{g}, K)$-modules onto $X = H \backslash G$ have regular holonomic cohomologies when $H, K \subset G$ are both spherical reductive subgroups. The relative Lie algebra homologies and $\operatorname{Ext}$-branching spaces for $(\mathfrak{g}, K)$-modules are interpreted geometrically in terms of equivariant derived localizations. As direct consequences, we show that they are finite-dimensional under the same assumptions, and relate Euler–Poincaré characteristics to local index theorem; this recovers parts of the recent results of M. Kitagawa. Examples and discussions on the relation to Schwartz homologies are also included.
Rapid Antigen and Antibody Microfluidic Immunofluorescence Assays Compared to Culture, PCR, and Laboratory Reference Tests: Performance in a Longitudinal Cohort
Authors: Dalmat Ronit R , Hao Linhui , Prabhu Roshni , Rechkina Elena , Hamilton Daphne , Ikuma Matthew H , Bauer Marie , Gale Michael , Cantera Jason L , Ball Alexey S , Grant Benjamin D , Drain Paul K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We evaluated the performance of rapid antigen (RAg) and antibody (RAb) microfluidic diagnostics with serial sampling of 71 participants at 6 visits over 2 months following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Rapid tests showed strong agreement with laboratory references (κAg = 81.0%; κAb = 87.8%). RAg showed substantial concordance to both virus growth in culture and PCR positivity 0–5 days since symptom onset (κAg-culture = 60.1% and κAg-PCR = 87.1%). PCR concordance to virus growth in culture was similar (κPCR-culture = 70.0%), although agreement between RAg and culture was better overall (κAg-culture = 45.5% vs κPCR-culture = 10.0%). Rapid antigen and antibody testing by microfluidic immunofluorescence platform are highly accurate for characterization of acute infection.
Association Between Maternal Breastmilk Microbiota Composition and Rotavirus Vaccine Response in African, Asian, and European Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mandolo Jonathan , Parker Edward P K , Bronowski Christina , Sindhu Kulandaipalayam Natarajan C , Darby Alistair C , Cunliffe Nigel A , Kang Gagandeep , Iturriza-Gómara Miren , Kamng’ona Arox W , Jere Khuzwayo C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Maternal breastmilk is a source of pre- and pro-biotics that impact neonatal gut microbiota colonization. Because oral rotavirus vaccines (ORVs) are administered at a time when infants are often breastfed, breastmilk microbiota composition may have a direct or indirect influence on vaccine take and immunogenicity.

Methods
Using standardized methods across sites, we compared breastmilk microbiota composition in relation to geographic location and ORV response in cohorts prospectively followed from birth to 18 weeks of age in India (n = 307), Malawi (n = 119), and the United Kingdom ([UK] n = 60).

Results
Breastmilk microbiota diversity was higher in India and Malawi than the UK across 3 longitudinal samples spanning weeks of life 1 to 13. Dominant taxa such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus were consistent across cohorts; however, significant geographic differences were observed in the prevalence and abundance of common and rare genera throughout follow up. No consistent associations were identified between breastmilk microbiota composition and ORV outcomes including seroconversion, vaccine shedding after dose 1, and postvaccination rotavirus-specific immunoglobulin A level.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that breastmilk microbiota composition may not be a key factor in shaping trends in ORV response within or between countries.
Intrinsic and Effective Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases Infected With the Ancestral Strain and Omicron BA.2 Variant in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Jessica Y , Cheung Justin K , Lin Yun , Bond Helen S , Lau Eric H Y , Ip Dennis K M , Cowling Benjamin J , Wu Peng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Understanding severity of infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants is crucial to inform public health measures. Here we used coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient data from Hong Kong to characterize the severity profile of COVID-19.

Methods
Time-varying and age-specific effective severity measured by case hospitalization risk and hospitalization fatality risk was estimated with all individual COVID-19 case data collected in Hong Kong from 23 January 2020 through 26 October 2022 over 6 epidemic waves. The intrinsic severity of Omicron BA.2 was compared with the estimate for the ancestral strain with the data from unvaccinated patients without previous infections.

Results
With 32 222 COVID-19 hospitalizations and 9669 deaths confirmed over 6 epidemic waves, the time-varying hospitalization fatality risk dramatically increased from &lt;10% before the largest fifth wave of Omicron BA.2 to 41% during the peak of the fifth wave when hospital resources were severely constrained. The age-specific fatality risk in unvaccinated hospitalized Omicron cases was comparable to the estimates for unvaccinated cases with the ancestral strain. During epidemics predominated by Omicron BA.2, fatality risk was highest among older unvaccinated patients.

Conclusions
Omicron has comparable intrinsic severity to the ancestral Wuhan strain, although the effective severity is substantially lower in Omicron cases due to vaccination.
Facts are hard to come by: discerning and sharing factual information on social media
Authors: Tu Fangjing , Pan Zhongdang , Jia Xinle 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
How credulous are we when engaging information on social media? Addressing this question, this article aims to understand how individuals’ epistemic vigilance, a set of cognitive mechanisms that comprise our system of precaution in social interactions, may operate and fall short. Reporting findings from two survey experiments (Study 1, N = 413; Study 2, N = 392), we show that participants tended to be skeptical toward social media news, were reasonably successful in identifying true news, and reported a tendency to share true rather than false news. In one study, social endorsement enticed a higher accuracy rating of news posts. In both studies, people judged attitudinally congruent news posts as being more accurate and reported a higher likelihood to share them. Individuals’ propensity to reflective thinking measured by cognitive reflection test potentially operated as a restraint on sharing inaccurate information and bolstered veracity anchoring in their information engagement.
Comparison of different traps and attractants in 3 food processing facilities in Greece on the capture of stored product insects
Authors: Morrison William R , Agrafioti Paraskevi , Domingue Michael J , Scheff Deanna S , Lampiri Evagelia , Gourgouta Marina , Baliota Georgia V , Sakka Maria , Myers Scott W , Athanassiou Christos G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Certain lures are marketed toward particular pests or classes of pests, while others might be multi-species lures. Investigative aims for this study included both which trap was most sensitive and whether different combinations of traps and attractants were delivering novel information about the stored product insect community. Comparisons were made for all combinations of 3 commercial traps and 4 different attractants plus an untreated control on the capture of stored-product insects for 2 consecutive years in 3 food processing facilities in Central Greece. The traps used in the experiments were Dome Trap (Trécé Inc., USA), Wall Trap (Trécé) and Box Trap (Insects Limited, Ltd., USA). The attractants that were evaluated were 0.13 g of (i) PantryPatrol gel (Insects Limited), (ii) Storgard kairomone food attractant oil (Trécé), (iii) wheat germ (Honeyville, USA), and (iv) Dermestid tablet attractant (Insects Limited). The traps were inspected approximately every 15 days and rotated. A total of 34,000+ individuals were captured belonging to 26 families and at least 48 species. The results indicated that Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) were the most abundant. Although there were noticeable differences among the different traps and attractants for specific species, all combinations provided similar information on population dynamics. Generally, Dome traps baited with either the oil or the gel, were found to be the most sensitive. The results of the present study demonstrate the importance of long-term trapping protocols, as a keystone in IPM-based control strategies in food processing facilities.