bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme Water Uptake of Hygroscopic Hydrogels through Maximized Swelling‐Induced Salt Loading
Authors: Graeber Gustav , Díaz‐Marín Carlos D. , Gaugler Leon C. , Zhong Yang , El Fil Bachir , Liu Xinyue , Wang Evelyn N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHygroscopic hydrogels are emerging as scalable and low‐cost sorbents for atmospheric water harvesting, dehumidification, passive cooling, and thermal energy storage. However, devices using these materials still exhibit insufficient performance, partly due to the limited water vapor uptake of the hydrogels. Here, the swelling dynamics of hydrogels in aqueous lithiumchloride solutions, the implications on hydrogel salt loading, and the resulting vapor uptake of the synthesized hydrogel–salt composites are characterized. By tuning the salt concentration of the swelling solutions and the cross‐linking properties of the gels, hygroscopic hydrogels with extremely high salt loadings are synthesized, which enable unprecedented water uptakes of 1.79 and 3.86 gg−1 at relative humidity (RH) of 30% and 70%, respectively. At 30% RH, this exceeds previously reported water uptakes of metal–organic frameworks by over 100% and of hydrogels by 15%, bringing the uptake within 93% of the fundamental limit of hygroscopic salts while avoiding leakage problems common in salt solutions. By modeling the salt‐vapor equilibria, the maximum leakage‐free RH is elucidated as a function of hydrogel uptake and swelling ratio. These insights guide the design of hydrogels with exceptional hygroscopicity that enable sorption‐based devices to tackle water scarcity and the global energy crisis.
Ultrathin Metal Film on Graphene for Percolation‐Threshold‐Limited Thermal Emissivity Control
Authors: Lee Geonhee , Jang Sojeong , Kim Young‐Bin , Cho Donghwi , Jeong Duwon , Chae Soosang , Myoung Jae‐Min , Kim Hyunwoo , Kim Sun‐Kyung , Lee Jeong‐O 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTranslucent Au/graphene hybrid films are shown to be effective in reducing thermal emission from the underlying surfaces when the deposition thickness of Au is close to the percolation threshold. The critical Au deposition thickness for an abrupt change in emissivity is reduced from 15 nm (Si substrate) to a percolation‐threshold‐limited thickness of 8.5 nm (graphene/Si substrate) because of the chemical inertness of graphene leading to the deposited Au atoms forming a thin, crystalline layer. The effect of the graphene layer on the optical properties of the hybrid film is highlighted by a drastic increase in infrared absorptivity, whereas the visible absorptivity is marginally affected by the presence of a graphene layer. The level of thermal emission from the Au/graphene hybrid films with the percolation‐threshold‐limited Au thickness is stable even with high background temperatures of up to 300 °C and mechanical strains of ≈4%. As an example of a thermal management application, an anti‐counterfeiting device is demonstrated; thermal‐camouflage‐masked text fabricated with an Au/graphene hybrid film is discernible only using a thermographic camera. Ultrathin metal film assisted by a graphene layer will provide a facile platform for thermal management with semi‐transparency, flexibility, and transferability to arbitrary surfaces.
Intense Pulsed Light Thermal Treatment of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Metglas Heterostructured Films Resulting in Extreme Magnetoelectric Coupling of over 20 V cm−1 Oe−1
Authors: Palneedi Haribabu , Patil Deepak Rajaram , Priya Shashank , Woo Kyoohee , Ye Jiwon , Woo Yu Mi , Hwang Yun Sik , Hwang Geon‐Tae , Park Jung Hwan , Ryu Jungho 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMagnetoelectric (ME) film composites consisting of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials are promising candidates for application in magnetic field sensors, energy harvesters, and ME antennas. Conventionally, high‐temperature annealing is required to crystallize piezoelectric films, restricting the use of heat‐sensitive magnetostrictive substrates that enhance ME coupling. Herein, a synergetic approach is demonstrated for fabricating ME film composites that combines aerosol deposition and instantaneous thermal treatment based on intense pulsed light (IPL) radiation to form piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) thick films on an amorphous Metglas substrate. IPL rapidly anneals PZT films within a few milliseconds without damaging the underlying Metglas. To optimize the IPL irradiation conditions, the temperature distribution inside the PZT/Metglas film is determined using transient photothermal computational simulation. The PZT/Metglas films are annealed using different IPL pulse durations to determine the structure–property relationship. IPL treatment results in an enhanced crystallinity of the PZT, thus improving the dielectric, piezoelectric, and ME properties of the composite films. An ultrahigh off‐resonance ME coupling (≈20 V cm−1 Oe−1) is obtained for the PZT/Metglas film that is IPL annealed at a pulse width of 0.75 ms (an order of magnitude higher than that reported for other ME films), confirming the potential for next‐generation, miniaturized, and high‐performance ME devices.
Coping with COVID‐19 shocks in rural Nepal
Authors: Ekstrom Kierstin , Janzen Sarah , Magnan Nicholas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine shocks experienced by rural Nepali households during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Households primarily experienced income and price shocks during a government‐imposed lockdown. During this time, households managed to effectively protect consumption, and mostly relied on credit (26%), asset sales (10%) and savings (8%). Debt levels nearly doubled, with limited changes to savings. We then leverage a long‐term randomized control trial (RCT) to assess whether beneficiaries of a livestock livelihood program are more resilient. Program beneficiaries are 6 percentage points less likely to take out new loans.
Indirect urea electrooxidation by nickel(III) in alkaline medium: From kinetic and mechanism to reactor modeling
Authors: Hopsort Guillaume , Latapie Laure , Groenen Serrano Karine , Loubière Karine , Tzedakis Theodore 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study consists in the determination of two kinetic laws of urea oxidation (UO) and electrooxidation (UEO) in alkaline media on nickel(III). Two kinds of active sites were examined, the first one derived from a Ni(OH)2 powder and the second from a massive nickel electrode. Partial orders of nickel(III) (two for UO and five UEO) enable to conclude about (i) the urea adsorption on two nickel(III) sites and (ii) that a multistep oxidation of urea occurs involving five nickel(III) site electroregenerations. A multipathway mechanism is also proposed to explain UEO facilitated by the nickel(III)/nickel(II) mediation system, and to predict the by‐products' formation previously identified (). At last, a model combining the UEO kinetic law previously established, with diffusive and convective transport phenomena was developed. A consistent correlation (maximum deviation of 6%) between laboratory electrolysis results with the model' predictions was obtained under different operating conditions, enabling the validation of this model.
Copper‐Catalyzed Guanylation by Ring Extension of 4‐Hydroxyquinazoline for the Synthesis of Quinazolino[3,2‐a]quinazolinones
Authors: Palavong Nitwaree , Arunkirirote Piyaporn , Tummatorn Jumreang , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Ruchirawat Somsak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis work reports a new method for the synthesis of quinazolino[3,2‐a]quinazolinone derivatives under ligand‐free copper‐catalyzed guanylation through C−H functionalization. The reaction provides a convenient protocol which can be applied to a broad range of substrates providing the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. Additionally, this process provides a number of benefits, including minimal waste, rapid reaction times, and readily available starting material.
Recruiting a skeleton crew—Methods for simulating and augmenting paleoanthropological data using Monte Carlo based algorithms
Authors: Courtenay Lloyd A. , Aramendi Julia , González‐Aguilera Diego 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesData collection is a major hindrance in many types of analyses in human evolutionary studies. This issue is fundamental when considering the scarcity and quality of fossil data. From this perspective, many research projects are impeded by the amount of data available to perform tasks such as classification and predictive modeling.Materials and MethodsHere we present the use of Monte Carlo based methods for the simulation of paleoanthropological data. Using two datasets containing cross‐sectional biomechanical information and geometric morphometric 3D landmarks, we show how synthetic, yet realistic, data can be simulated to enhance each dataset, and provide new information with which to perform complex tasks with, in particular classification. We additionally present these algorithms in the form of an R library; AugmentationMC. We also use a geometric morphometric dataset to simulate 3D models, and emphasize the power of Machine Teaching, as opposed to Machine Learning.ResultsOur results show how Monte Carlo based algorithms, such as the Markov Chain Monte Carlo, are useful for the simulation of morphometric data, providing synthetic yet highly realistic data that has been tested statistically to be equivalent to the original data. We additionally provide a critical overview of bootstrapping techniques, showing how Monte Carlo based methods perform better than bootstrapping as the data simulated is not an exact copy of the original sample.DiscussionWhile synthetic datasets should never replace large and real datasets, this can be considered an important advance in how paleoanthropological data can be handled.
Tangent Fermions: Dirac or Majorana Fermions on a Lattice Without Fermion Doubling
Authors: Beenakker C. W. J. , Donís Vela A. , Lemut G. , Pacholski M. J. , Tworzydło J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMethods to discretize the Hamiltonian of a topological insulator or topological superconductor, without giving up on the topological protection of the massless excitations (respectively, Dirac fermions or Majorana fermions) are reviewed. The method of tangent fermions, pioneered by Richard Stacey, is singled out as being uniquely suited for this purpose. Tangent fermions propagate on a dimensional space‐time lattice with a tangent dispersion: in dimensionless units. They avoid the fermion doubling lattice artefact that will spoil the topological protection, while preserving the fundamental symmetries of the Dirac Hamiltonian. Although the discretized Hamiltonian is nonlocal, as required by the fermion‐doubling no‐go theorem, it is possible to transform the wave equation into a generalized eigenproblem that is local in space and time. Applications that are discussed include Klein tunneling of Dirac fermions through a potential barrier, the absence of localization by disorder, the anomalous quantum Hall effect in a magnetic field, and the thermal metal of Majorana fermions.
Rotaxane Synthesis by an End‐Capping Strategy via Swelling Axle‐Phenols
Authors: Fujimura Koki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Yamaoka Yousuke , Takasu Kiyosei , Kawabata Takeo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA method for rotaxane synthesis by enlargement of the size of the terminal phenol group of the axle component by aromatic bromination has been developed. This method may be regarded as an end‐capping strategy involving the swelling of the phenol group at the axle terminal. The advantages of the present strategy include: ready availability of axle components with a variety of swelling precursors, wide product scope (19 examples given including a [3]rotaxane), mild conditions for the swelling process, rich potential for the derivatization of the brominated rotaxanes, and possible release of the axle component by degradative dethreading of the thermally stable brominated rotaxanes under the basic conditions.
Translating Planar Heterocycles into Three‐Dimensional Analogs by Photoinduced Hydrocarboxylation**
Authors: Mikhael Myriam , Alektiar Sara N. , Yeung Charles S. , Wickens Zachary K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe rapid preparation of complex three‐dimensional (3D) heterocyclic scaffolds is a key challenge in modern medicinal chemistry. Despite the increased probability of clinical success for small molecule therapeutic candidates with increased 3D complexity, new drug targets remain dominated by flat molecules due to the abundance of coupling reactions available for their construction. In principle, heteroarene hydrofunctionalization reactions offer an opportunity to transform readily accessible planar molecules into more three‐dimensionally complex analogs through the introduction of a single molecular vector. Unfortunately, dearomative hydrofunctionalization reactions remain limited. Herein, we report a new strategy to enable the dearomative hydrocarboxylation of indoles and related heterocycles. This reaction represents a rare example of a heteroarene hydrofunctionalization that meets the numerous requirements for broad implementation in drug discovery. The transformation is highly chemoselective, broad in scope, operationally simple, and readily amenable to high‐throughput experimentation (HTE). Accordingly, this process will allow existing libraries of heteroaromatic compounds to be translated into diverse 3D analogs and enable exploration of new classes of medicinally relevant molecules.
Stabilizing Liquids Using Interfacial Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Gu Peiyang , Luo Xiaobo , Zhou Shiyuan , Wang Danfeng , Li Zhongyu , Chai Yu , Zhang Yuzhe , Shi Shaowei , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStabilizing liquids based on supramolecular assembly (non‐covalent intermolecular interactions) has attracted significant interest, due to the increasing demand for soft, liquid‐based devices where the shape of the liquid is far from the equilibrium spherical shape. The components comprising these interfacial assemblies must have sufficient binding energies to the interface to prevent their ejection from the interface when the assemblies are compressed. Here, we highlight recent advances in structuring liquids based on non‐covalent intermolecular interactions. We describe some of the progress made that reveals structure–property relationships. In addition to treating advances, we discuss some of the limitations and provide a perspective on future directions to inspire further studies on structured liquids based on supramolecular assembly.
Bringing a psychoanalytic treatment approach into a foster care agency: Challenges faced and gains made
Authors: Cohen Phyllis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBuilding Blocks (BB) is a psychoanalytically‐informed mentalization‐based dyadic approach addressing attachment deficits in birth parents and their children in the foster care system. Research shows that secure attachment depends on the caregiver's emotional availability and sensitivity to be a secure base for the child. Typically, different approaches are offered to improve parent behavior without focusing on building more securely attached relationships. In order to heal disrupted attachment between children in care and biological parents many didn't “know,” attention to unconscious processes and trauma was needed. I describe how BB came to be a preferred treatment by caseworkers and clinicians working in a foster care agency. Having articulated our relationship‐based, non‐didactic approach, and having funding for it, was not enough to bring this method into a system that focused on external behavior over internal processes. A larger systems approach was utilized including meeting with foster care personnel, providing training and supervision to clinicians, and getting parents to commit to the “new” dyadic therapy. Two cases are presented highlighting the impact that Nested Mentalization and Reflective Supervision had on the agency, the families, and its therapists and caseworkers. The BB Program has helped scores of families to better know each other, develop more secure attachments and interrupt the transmission of trauma.
Behaviour and occurrence of the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) in relation to habitat characteristics and the influence of human activities in a protected area in north‐eastern Brazil
Authors: Campos Danniely de Oliveira , Souto Antonio , Telino Júnior Wallace Rodrigues , Borges João Carlos Gomes , Schiel Nicola , Alves Maria Danise de Oliveira 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

While all sirenian species are considered sentinel animals for the ecological health of their habitat, they are currently facing extinction risk. The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus) is classified as an endangered species in Brazil.
Its distribution and behaviour are mainly influenced by the presence of aquatic vegetation, freshwater and anthropogenic activities, as well as by variations in tides, temperature and salinity.
The study investigated the behaviour of manatees in the Barra do Rio Mamanguape Environmental Protection Area in north‐eastern Brazil, and the relationship between these behaviours and the biotic and abiotic characteristics of this estuarine environment.
The behavioural data were collected between November 2016 and May 2017, during 35 days of monitoring. The records of surface behaviour were obtained using animal focal sampling. Anthropogenic activities were recorded qualitatively and quantitatively during the surveys.
Warmer water (30–31°C), reduced turbidity (1–2 m) and sandy sediments had a significant influence on the behaviour of the manatees.
The manatees presented neutral behaviour more often than expected in response to anthropogenic activities, which indicates that the animals were undisturbed by these activities.
This is the first systematic study of the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the behaviour and ecology of Antillean manatees in a protected area of a tropical region, providing important new insights into the behavioural ecology of an endangered species.
The Barra do Rio Mamanguape Environmental Protection Area seems to fulfil the goal of adequate management and conservation of manatees in a tropical region. Specifically, it shows that appropriate management, law enforcement and inspection measures are essential for maintaining endangered populations.
Structural analysis and inhibition capacity of dioscorin protein yam: Theoretical study by molecular docking and dynamic simulations
Authors: Severiche‐Castro José , Wilches Diaz Gina , Combariza Montañez Aldo F. , de Almeida Oliveira Maria Goreti , Rosado Mercado Wilson 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProteases such as trypsins in the gut of Spodoptera frugiperda are responsible for breaking down dietary proteins into amino acids necessary for insect growth and development. In this study, we characterized the insecticidal potential of dioscorin, the storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata), using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the interactions between trypsin enzymes and the protein inhibitor dioscorin. To achieve this, we used the three‐dimensional structures of the trypsin‐like digestive enzymes of S. frugiperda, a pest of corn and cotton, as receptors or target molecules. We performed protein–protein docking using Cluspro software, estimation of the binding free energy, and information on the dynamic and time‐dependent behavior of dioscorin–trypsin complexes using the NAMD package. Our computational analysis showed that dioscorin can bind to the digestive trypsins of S. frugiperda, as confirmed by the affinity energy values (−1022.4 to −1236.9), stability of the complexes during the simulation trajectory, and binding free energy values between −57.3 and −66.9 kcal/mol. Additionally, dioscorin uses two reactive sites to bind trypsin, but the largest contribution to the interaction energy is made by amino acid residues between amino acid backbone positions 8–14 by hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, and Van der Waals (VdW) interactions. VdW is the energy that makes the greatest contribution to the binding energy. Collectively, our findings demonstrate, for the first time, the binding capacity of the yam protein dioscorin to the digestive trypsin of S. frugiperda. These promising results suggest a possible bioinsecticide action of dioscorin.
Assessment of clinical outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia: Analysis from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry
Authors: Wang Claire , Erridge Simon , Holvey Carl , Coomber Ross , Usmani Azfer , Sajad Mohammed , Guru Rahul , Holden Wendy , Rucker James J. , Platt Michael W. , Sodergren Mikael H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroduction: There are limited therapeutic options for individuals with fibromyalgia. The aim of this study is to analyze changes in health‐related quality of life and incidence of adverse events of those prescribed cannabis‐based medicinal products (CBMPs) for fibromyalgia.Methods: Patients treated with CBMPs for a minimum of 1 month were identified from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry. Primary outcomes were changes in validated patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs). A p‐value of <.050 was deemed statistically significant.Results: In total, 306 patients with fibromyalgia were included for analysis. There were improvements in global health‐related quality of life at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (p < .0001). The most frequent adverse events were fatigue (n = 75; 24.51%), dry mouth (n = 69; 22.55%), concentration impairment (n = 66; 21.57%), and lethargy (n = 65; 21.24%).Conclusion: CBMP treatment was associated with improvements in fibromyalgia‐specific symptoms, in addition to sleep, anxiety, and health‐related quality of life. Those who reported prior cannabis use appeared to have a greater response. CBMPs were generally well‐tolerated. These results must be interpreted within the limitations of study design.
Factors of emotional distress in lymphoma: A systematic review
Authors: Tan Kai Ping , Talaulikar Dipti , Scholz Brett 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveDistress is prevalent among lymphoma patients/survivors. Current processes of distress identification rely on self‐reporting by patients/survivors, which may be limited by their willingness to report symptoms. To help identify patients/survivors at greater risk, this systematic review aims to comprehensively review factors that may contribute to distress in lymphoma patients/survivors.MethodsPubMed was systematically searched for peer‐reviewed primary articles (1997–2022) consisting of standardised keywords “lymphoma” and “distress.” Information from 41 articles was integrated via narrative synthesis.ResultsConsistent risk factors of distress include younger age, relapsed disease, and greater comorbidities and symptom burden. Active treatment and the transition from treatment to post‐treatment could be challenging phases. Adequate social support, adaptive adjustment to cancer, engaging in work and healthcare professionals' support may mitigate distress. There is some evidence that older age may be associated with greater depression and life changes/experiences may shape how individuals cope with lymphoma. Gender and marital status were not robust predictors of distress. Other clinical, psychological and socioeconomic factors are understudied or have mixed findings.ConclusionsWhile several factors of distress align with that of other cancers, more research is needed to identify significant factors of distress in lymphoma patients/survivors. The identified factors may support clinicians in identifying distressed lymphoma patients/survivors and providing interventions where necessary. The review also highlights avenues for future research and a need to routinely collect data on distress and its factors in registries.