bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychiatric symptoms predict rate of change in executive function in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
Authors: Goodwin Grace J. , Briley D.A. , Singsank Katie , Tanner Denise , Maloy-Robertson Myjae , John Samantha E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are considered diagnostic and prognostic indicators of dementia and are attributable to neurodegenerative processes. Little is known about the prognostic value of early NPS on executive functioning (EF) decline in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). We examined whether baseline NPS predicted the rate of executive function (EF) decline among older adults with ADRD.

Method:
Older adults (n = 1625) with cognitive impairment were selected from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database. EF was estimated with a latent factor indicated by scores on Number Span Backward, Letter Fluency, and Trail Making-Part B. A curve of factors (CUFF) latent growth curve model was estimated to examine rate of change over four years. Baseline NPS severity was entered as a predictor in the model to examine its influence on the rate of change in EF over time.

Results:
The CUFF models exhibited good fit. EF significantly declined over four waves (slope = −.16, p < .001). Initial visit NPS severity predicted decline in EF (slope = .013, p < .001), such that those with greater baseline NPS severity demonstrated a more rapid decline in EF performance over time. Presence of 2 NPS significantly predicted EF decline, and those with medium total NPS severity (NPS score of 2–4) at baseline exhibited a sharper decline in EF.

Conclusions:
Findings underscore the importance of targeting NPS early across ADRD syndromes to minimize EF decline, offering novel insights into how early NPS treatment may alter cognitive trajectories. We provide an innovative, user-friendly web-based application that may be helpful for personalized treatment planning.
Radar‐Based Deep Learning for Debris Flow Identification Amid the Environmental Disturbances
Authors: Liu Shuang , Hu Kaiheng , Li Hao , Schöffl Tobias , Cheng Haiguang , Zhang Xiaopeng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicrowave radar, utilizing the differences in Doppler frequencies from moving target echoes, offers remote sensing capabilities and continuous all‐weather monitoring for geological disasters. However, intelligent identification of debris flow signals using such radar remains unexplored. Therefore, we implemented 12 deep learning models coupled with a voting strategy to develop classification models for identifying the debris flow, using 24,000 samples across eight categories of targets obtained from field experiments. Each model demonstrated significant proficiency in classification, achieving a remarkable highest accuracy of 95.46% for the multi‐object classification. Among the individual models, the vgg16 model with a simple and deep architecture excelled in debris flow identification, exhibiting a high precision and a low false alarm rate. The voting strategy further improved the reliability of individual deep learning model. We propose that employing radar‐based deep learning techniques combined with extensive field data represents a crucial advancement in the monitoring and early warning of debris flow.
Atmospheric River Frequency‐Category Characteristics Shape U.S. West Coast Runoff
Authors: Zhou Yang , North Joshua S. , Rhoades Alan M. , Tao Jing , Rudisill William , Risser Mark D. , Collins William D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the factors influencing runoff response to atmospheric rivers (ARs) over the U.S. West Coast. We focused on runoff time series variations impacted by AR characteristics (e.g., category and frequency) and land preconditions during Northern Hemisphere cool seasons in the period of 1940–2023. Results show that high‐category ARs significantly increase local runoff with higher hourly precipitation rates leading to a greater incremental rate and peak runoff. Extreme runoff increases greatly with the AR category with an increase rate up to 12.5 times stronger than non‐extreme runoff. Besides the AR category, land preconditions such as soil moisture and snowpack also play crucial roles in modulating runoff response. We found that runoff induced by weak‐category ARs is more sensitive to land preconditions than high‐category ARs, with high peak runoff occurring when soil is nearly saturated. Additionally, more than 50% of high‐peak‐runoff events in snow‐covered grid cells are associated with rain‐on‐snow events particularly for the events associated with weaker ARs. Regression analysis reveals that AR precipitation and land preconditions jointly influence runoff, emphasizing the importance of including soil moisture and snowpack levels in AR impact assessments. The study also highlights the intensified runoff response to back‐to‐back ARs with short intervals, which may become more frequent with climate warming, posing increased flood risks via facilitating wet soil conditions. Our findings have significant implications for AR risk predictions and the development of prediction models for AR‐induced runoff.
Longer Duration of Extreme Cold Events Over East Asia Affected by the Stratospheric Polar Vortex Extension
Authors: Hu Dingzhu , Liu Meichen , Guan Zhaoyong , Tian Wenshou , Yin Zhicong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUsing long‐term reanalysis data, extreme cold events (ECEs) over East Asia are categorized into long‐duration ECEs (L‐ECEs, lasting more than 7 days) and short‐duration ECEs (S‐ECEs, lasting 3–7 days) according to the duration of ECEs during boreal winters from 1959/1960 to 2019/2020. Our results show that L‐ECEs over East Asia exhibit greater intensity, higher frequency, and longer persistence than S‐ECEs. On annual average, L‐ECEs are 1.8 K colder, contribute over 60% of total ECE days, and dominate in longer durations, persisting beyond day 5 and lasting up to 12 days. L‐ECEs in East Asia are attributed to the extension of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV) toward the Atlantic‐Euro region. This SPV extension tends to enhance the Atlantic‐Euro trough, which is coupled with a strengthened and persistent Eurasian teleconnection pattern and a strengthened Ural ridge and East Asia trough during the decay of ECEs (after day 3). The strengthened East Asia trough, accompanied with cyclonic circulation, facilitates the transport of cold air from higher to lower latitudes. This process makes the ECEs more persistent and longer in duration, potentially developing into L‐ECEs. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the linkages between the extension of the SPV and ECEs over East Asia from a long‐term climate statistics perspective instead of relying solely on case‐by‐case analysis. This study may offer a valuable new predictor for forecasting long‐lasting ECE events over East Asia.
A Novel Flexible Ultra Wide Band Wearable Slot Antenna With Defected Ground for WBAN Applications
Authors: Regulagadda Nageswara Rao , Kumari U. V. Ratna 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study introduces the development of a flexible and compact radiator using a jeans material as a substrate for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. A fabric made of jeans with a thickness of 0.6 mm, a tangent loss (tan δ) of 0.02, and a dielectric constant (εr) of 1.6 is used for designing an element with dimensions of 18.5 × 27 × 0.6 mm3. The jeans substrate incorporates a triangular feed structure on top and a defected ground structure on its back. This design enables a span ranging from 3.41 to more than 20 GHz, with a magnitude of S11 < −10 dB, a peak gain of 4.48 dBi, and a peak efficiency of 97.28%. The system is designed for Ultra‐wideband (UWB) integrated with Ku band. The measurement findings are very consistent with the results obtained from the models. The suggested antenna is highly appropriate for WBAN applications because of its thin profile, flexible design, and compatibility with WBAN and UWB technologies.
Hardy-Rand-Rittler colour vision testing in cone and cone-rod dystrophies: correlation with structural and functional outcome measures
Authors: Tharmarajah Brindhan , Cornish Elisa E. , Nguyen Jonathan , Barnes Elizabeth , Leahy Kate E. , Vaze Anagha , Jamieson Robyn V. , Grigg John R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To determine how Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) colour vision testing correlates with visual functional and structural assessments in Cone and Cone-Rod Dystrophy.

Methods
Thirty-four Cone and 69 Cone-Rod Dystrophy patients diagnosed by electroretinography (ERG) at the Save Sight Institute in Sydney were included in a retrospective analysis. Each patient’s HRR colour vision test scores were compared with markers of cone and rod system function including visual acuity (VA), ERG responses, changes on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Fundus Autofluorescence.

Results
The number of plates identified on HRR testing correlated with logMAR best-corrected distance VA; r(101) = −0.49, p < 0.0001. HRR scores correlated with markers of cone and macula function including OCT Ellipsoid Zone Gap Width, Central Macular and Outer Nuclear Layer Thickness, Full Field ERG 30 Hz flicker amplitudes, light adapted 3.0 b-wave amplitudes and Pattern ERG 15- and 30-degree p50 amplitudes.

Conclusion
HRR colour vision testing correlates with structural and functional measures in Cone and Cone-Rod Dystrophy. HRR colour vision testing provides a simple clinic-based option to monitor disease changes in Cone and Cone-Rod Dystrophy patients, especially when ERG testing is not available.
Shear localisation controls the dynamics of earthquakes
Authors: Barras Fabian , Brantut Nicolas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Earthquakes are produced by the propagation of rapid slip along tectonic faults. The propagation dynamics is governed by a balance between elastic stored energy in the surrounding rock, and dissipated energy at the propagating tip of the slipping patch. Energy dissipation is dictated by the mechanical behaviour of the fault, which is itself the result of feedbacks between thermo-hydro-mechanical processes acting at the mm to sub-mm scale. Here, we numerically simulate shear ruptures using a dual scale approach, allowing us to couple a sub-mm description of inner fault processes and km-scale elastodynamics, and show that the sudden localisation of shear strain within a shear zone leads to the emergence of classical cracks driven by a constant fracture energy. The fracture energy associated to strain localisation is substantially smaller than that predicted in theoretical and numerical models assuming uniform shearing within the shear zone. We show the existence of a unique scaling law between the localised shearing width and the rupture speed. Our results indicate that earthquakes are likely to be systematically associated to extreme strain localisation.
Challenging the Astral mass analyzer to quantify up to 5,300 proteins per single cell at unseen accuracy to uncover cellular heterogeneity
Authors: Bubis Julia A. , Arrey Tabiwang N. , Damoc Eugen , Delanghe Bernard , Slovakova Jana , Sommer Theresa M. , Kagawa Harunobu , Pichler Peter , Rivron Nicolas , Mechtler Karl , Matzinger Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite significant advancements in sample preparation, instrumentation and data analysis, single-cell proteomics is currently limited by proteomic depth and quantitative performance. Here we demonstrate highly improved depth of proteome coverage as well as accuracy and precision for quantification of ultra-low input amounts. Using a tailored library, we identify up to 7,400 protein groups from as little as 250 pg of HeLa cell peptides at a throughput of 50 samples per day. Using a two-proteome mix, we check for optimal parameters of quantification and show that fold change differences of 2 can still be successfully determined at single-cell-level inputs. Eventually, we apply our workflow to A549 cells, yielding a proteome coverage ranging from 1,801 to a maximum of >5,300 protein groups from a single cell depending on cell size and search strategy used, which allows for the study of dependencies between cell size and cell cycle phase. Additionally, our workflow enables us to distinguish between in vitro analogs of two human blastocyst lineages: naive human pluripotent stem cells (epiblast) and trophectoderm-like cells. Our data harmoniously align with transcriptomic data, indicating that single-cell proteomics possesses the capability to identify biologically relevant differences within the blastocyst.
Identification of a metabolic brain network characterizing essential tremor
Authors: Volnov Solange , Baagil Hamzah , Winz Oliver , Kaiser Hans-Juergen , Meles Sanne Katherina , Schulz Joerg Bernhard , Reetz Kathrin , Mottaghy Felix Manuel , Holtbernd Florian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The neuronal correlate of tremor genesis and cognitive function in essential tremor (ET) and its modulation by deep brain stimulation (DBS) are poorly understood. To explore the underlying metabolic topography of motor and cognitive symptoms, sixteen ET patients (age 63.6 ± 49.1 years) and 18 healthy controls (HC) (61.1 ± 6.3 years) underwent tremor and cognitive assessments and18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET of the brain. Multivariate spatial covariance analysis was applied for identifying ET related metabolic brain networks. For network validation and to explore DBS effects, 8 additional ET patients (68.1 ± 8.2 years) treated with DBS were assessed in both the ON and OFF state, respectively. The ET related metabolic spatial covariance pattern (ETRP) was characterized by relatively increased metabolism in the cerebellum, brainstem, and temporo-occipital cortices, accompanied by relative metabolic decreases mainly in fronto-temporal and motor cortices. Network expression showed inverse correlations with tremor severity and disease duration and positive correlations with cognitive dysfunction. DBS substantially alleviated tremor, but had only marginal effects on cognitive performance. There were no significant DBS effects on ETRP expression at the group level, but all but one subject showed higher scores in the ON state. Our findings suggest ET is characterized by an abnormal brain network associated with disease phenotype.
Fractional tackles: leveraging player tracking data for within-play tackling evaluation in American football
Authors: Nguyen Quang , Jiang Ruitong , Ellingwood Meg , Yurko Ronald 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tackling is a fundamental defensive move in American football, with the main purpose of stopping the forward motion of the ball-carrier. However, current tackling metrics are manually recorded outcomes that are inherently flawed due to their discrete and subjective nature. Using player tracking data, we present a novel framework for assessing tackling contribution in a continuous and objective manner. Our approach first identifies when a defender is in a “contact window” of the ball-carrier during a play, before assigning value to each window and the players involved. This enables us to devise a new metric called fractional tackles, which credits defenders for halting the ball-carrier’s forward motion toward the end zone. We demonstrate that fractional tackles overcome the shortcomings of traditional metrics such as tackles and assists, by providing greater variation and measurable information for players lacking recorded statistics like defensive linemen. We view our contribution as a significant step forward in measuring defensive performance in American football and a clear demonstration of the capabilities of player tracking data.
Transfer impedance measurement of shielded cables with mismatched loads
Authors: Huang Wenxuan , Li Bing , Wang Chen , Xing Jiayue , Zhou Zongfei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith the growing use of custom shielded cables in advanced electronic systems, evaluation of the transfer impedance of shielded cables with non‐standard characteristic impedances is increasingly necessary; however, traditional measurement methods here are limited by the difficulty of obtaining matched loads. This letter presents a method for characterizing the transfer impedance of electrically short shielded cables with an arbitrary characteristic impedance. The proposed method can be used with mismatched loads in the experimental configuration. Validation is performed with cables of known transfer impedance. The presented results closely align with the theoretical formulas.
A stable machine learning based control for bidirectional interleaved DC/DC converter in battery systems
Authors: Li Ran , Wang Ruigang , Feng Wendong , Qie Tianhao , Liu Yulin , Fernando Tyrone , HoChing Iu Herbert , Zhang Xinan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper proposes an innovative machine learning‐based control algorithm for the bidirectional interleaved DC/DC converter in battery systems. It offers fast dynamics, gain tuning‐free control design, and guaranteed closed‐loop stability. Furthermore, compared to the other learning‐based control methods, the proposed algorithm shows low computational complexity in both the neural network training and the online digital implementation. The efficacy of the proposed method is substantiated through experimental validation.
Integrating the strategic response of parking lots in active distribution networks: An equilibrium approach
Authors: Tostado‐Véliz Marcos , Bhakar Rohit , Javadi Mohammad Sadegh , Esmaeel Nezhad Ali , Jurado Francisco 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe increasing penetration of electric vehicles will be accompanied for a wide deployment of charging infrastructures. Large charging demand brings formidable challenges to existing power networks, driving them near to their operational limits. In this regard, it becomes pivotal developing novel energy management strategies for active distribution networks that take into account the strategic behaviour of parking lots. This paper focuses on this issue, developing a novel energy management tool for distribution networks encompassing distributed generators and parking lots. The new proposal casts as a tri‐level game equilibrium framework where the profit maximization of lots is implicitly considered, thus ensuring that network‐level decisions do not detract the profit of parking owners. The original tri‐level model is reduced into a tractable single‐level mixed‐integer‐linear programming by combining equivalent primal‐dual and first‐order optimality conditions of the distribution network and parking operational models. This way, the model can be solved using off‐the‐shelf solvers, with superiority against other approaches like metaheuristics. The developed model is validated in well‐known 33‐, and 85‐bus radial distribution systems. Results show that, even under unfavourable conditions with limited distributed generation, charging demand is maximized, thus preserving the interests of parking owners. Moreover, the model is further validated through a number of simulations, showing its effectiveness. Finally, it is demonstrated that the developed tool scales well with the size of the system, easing its implementation in real‐life applications.
Modeling the astrosphere of LHS 1140
Authors: Scherer K. , Herbst K. , Engelbrecht N. E. , Ferreira S. E. S. , Kleimann J. , Light J. 
Published: January 2025

Context. The cosmic ray (CR) flux, as well as the hydrogen flux into the atmosphere of an exoplanet, can change the composition of said atmosphere. Here, we present the CR and hydrogen flux above the atmosphere. To do so, we study the 3D multi-fluid magentohy- drodynamic (MHD) structure of astrospheres.
Aims. We aim to discuss the shock structure of the stellar wind of LHS 1140 using four different models: hydrodynamic (HD) and ideal MHD single-fluid models, as well as multi-fluid models for both cases, including a neutral hydrogen flow from the interstellar medium (ISM). The CR flux in a multi-fluid model and the ionization rate in an exoplanetary atmosphere are also presented.
Methods. The astrosphere is modeled using the 3D Cronos code, while the CR flux at LHS 1140b is calculated using both a 1D and a 3D stochastic Galactic CR (GCR) modulation code. Finally, the atmospheric ionization and radiation dose is estimated using the AtRIS code.
Results. It is shown that the 3D multi-fluid positions of the termination (TS) differ remarkably from those found in the 3D ideal-single fluid HD case. CR fluxes computed using a 1D approach are completely different from those calculated using the 3D modulation code and show an essentially unmodulated spectrum at the exoplanet in question. Utilizing these spectra, ionization rates and radiation exposure within the atmosphere of LHS 1140 b are derived.
Conclusions. It is shown that the multi-fluid MHD TS distances differ remarkably from those of other models, especially from an analytic approach based on ideal single-fluid HD. The TS, astropause, and bow shock distances must be taken from the 3D multi-fluid MHD model to determine the CR fluxes correctly. Moreover, because of the tiny astrosphere, the exoplanet is submerged in the neutral hydrogen flow of the ISM, which will influence the exoplanetary atmosphere. A 3D approach to GCR modulation in astrospheres is also necessary to avoid unrealistic estimates of GCR intensities. Since atmospheric chemistry processes, and with that, the derivation of transmission spectra features and biosignature information, strongly depend on atmospheric ionization, our results highlight that reliable GCR-induced background radiation information is mandatory, particularly for inactive cool stars such as LHS 1140.
Cosmic rays cannot explain the high ionisation rates in the Galactic centre
Authors: Ravikularaman S. , Recchia S. , Phan V. H. M. , Gabici S. 
Published: January 2025

Context. The H2 ionisation rate in the central molecular zone, located in the Galactic centre, is estimated to be ζ ∼ 2 × 10−14 s−1, based on observations of H3+ lines. This value is two to three orders of magnitude larger than that measured anywhere else in the Galaxy.
Aims. Due to the high density of the gas in the central molecular zone, UV and X-ray photons do not penetrate this region. Hence, cosmic rays are expected to be the exclusive agents of ionisation. A high cosmic-ray density has been invoked to explain the unusually high ionisation rate. However, this excess is not seen in the γ-ray emission from this region, which is produced by high-energy cosmic rays. Therefore, an excess is expected only in the low-energy cosmic-ray spectrum. Here, we derive constraints on this hypothetical low-energy component in the cosmic-ray spectra, and we question its plausibility.
Methods. To do so, we numerically solved the cosmic-ray transport equation in the central molecular zone, considering spatial diffusion, advection in the Galactic wind, re-acceleration in the ambient turbulence, and energy losses due to interactions with matter and radiation in the interstellar medium. We derived stationary solutions under the assumption that cosmic rays are continuously injected by a source located in the Galactic centre. The high-energy component in the cosmic-ray spectrum was then fitted to available γ-ray and radio data, and a steep low-energy component was added to the cosmic-ray spectrum to explain the large ionisation rates.
Results. We find that injection spectra of p−7 for protons below penh, pc ≃ 780 MeV and p−5.2 for electrons below penh, ec = 1.5 GeV are needed to reach the observed ionisation rates. This corresponds to a cosmic-ray power of the order of ∼1040 − 41 erg s−1 injected at the Galactic centre. Not only is this unrealistic, but it is also impossible to reproduce a constant ionisation rate across the region, as observations suggest.
Conclusions. We conclude that cosmic rays alone cannot explain the high ionisation rates in the Galactic centre.