bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide analysis of the chromatin sites targeted by HEX 70a storage protein in the honeybee brain and fat body
Authors: Martins Juliana R. , Pinheiro Daniel G. , Ahmed Amy C. C. , Giuliatti Silvana , Mizzen Craig A. , Bitondi Márcia M. G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHexamerins, the proteins massively stored in the larval haemolymph of insects, are gradually used throughout metamorphosis as a source of raw material and energy for the development of adult tissues. Such behaviour defined hexamerins as storage proteins. Immunofluorescence experiments coupled with confocal microscopy show a hexamerin, HEX 70a, in the nucleus of the brain and fat body cells from honeybee workers, an unexpected localization for a storage protein. HEX 70a colocalizes with fibrillarin, a nucleolar‐specific protein and H3 histone, thus suggesting a potential role as a chromatin‐binding protein. This was investigated through chromatin immunoprecipitation and high‐throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP‐seq). The significant HEX 70a‐DNA binding sites were mainly localized at the intergenic, promoter and intronic regions. HEX 70a targeted DNA stretches mapped to the genomic regions encompassing genes with relevant functional attributes. Several HEX 70a targeted genes were associated with H3K27ac or/and H3K27me3, known as active and repressive histone marks. Brain and fat body tissues shared a fraction of the HEX 70 targeted genes, and tissue‐specific targets were also detected. The presence of overrepresented DNA motifs in the binding sites is consistent with specific HEX 70a‐chromatin association. In addition, a search for HEX 70a targets in RNA‐seq public libraries of fat bodies from nurses and foragers revealed differentially expressed targets displaying hex 70a‐correlated developmental expression, thus supporting a regulatory activity for HEX 70a. Our results support the premise that HEX 70a is a moonlighting protein that binds chromatin and has roles in the brain and fat body cell nuclei, apart from its canonical role as a storage protein.
Development of high diversity beech forest in the eastern Carpathians
Authors: Lestienne Marion , Jamrichová Eva , Kuosmanen Niina , Diaconu Andrei‐Cosmin , Schafstall Nick , Goliáš Viktor , Kletetschka Günther , Šulc Václav , Kuneš Petr 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimIn recent decades, a surge in the number of significant and uncontrolled wildfires has occurred worldwide. Global warming may amplify this trend and threaten most ecosystems worldwide. Deciduous forests are characterized by high plant diversity, and understanding their long‐term dynamics is crucial to anticipate changes in these ecosystems during ongoing global warming. The aim of this study is to understand how European beech forests have colonized the inner Eastern Carpathians and how changes in fire regime and human activities have affected their biodiversity.LocationInner Eastern Carpathian Mountains, Slovakia.TaxonPlantae, gymnosperms, angiosperms.MethodsPeat core was extracted from the centre of Ďurova mláka mire in 2018. A multi‐proxy approach has been applied to investigate the development of beech forest. Charcoal analysis has been done each centimetre to reconstruct the fire signal. Pollen analysis has been done at 2 cm resolution to reconstruct the vegetation composition and dynamics, and the variation in palynological richness (PRI), evenness and turnover has been analysed. Macro‐remains analysis has been performed at 10 cm resolution to add more information about the local vegetation.ResultsLow diversity spruce forest was dominant until 5200 cal. BP during a fire‐prone period due to specific climatic conditions (drier climate than the following period). The higher fire frequency and intensity following this period is simultaneous with the first expansion of Fagus which indicate that Fagus could occupy post‐fire habitats, at least at the local scale. However, its dominance coincided with major gaps in fire events from 3900 cal. BP. The PRI has increased during the transition from spruce to beech forest highlighting the importance of beech forests in maintaining plant biodiversity. However, the stronger increase in the richness is synchronous with the increase in human activities around 2000 cal. BP, and then 350 cal. BP.Main ConclusionsClimate‐driven fire frequency has been a natural driver of vegetation changes in the Carpathians by promoting the emergence of high diversified beech forest. These changes were significantly modified by later increase in human activities.
Clinical course of psoriasis patients that discontinued biologics during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Topaloğlu Demir Filiz , Polat Ekinci Algün , Aytekin Sema , Topkarcı Zeynep , Aslan Kayıran Melek , Özkök Akbulut Tuğba , Oğuz Topal İlteriş , Sarıkaya Solak Sezgi , Kara Polat Asude , Karadağ Ayşe Serap 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince psoriasis is a chronic disease, it is not recommended to discontinue the treatment agents used. However, in real life, the treatment of psoriasis patients may be interrupted for various reasons. During the pandemic period, the treatment of many patients was also interrupted.ObjectivesTo evaluate relapse and clinical worsening in psoriasis patients whose biological therapy was interrupted during the pandemic and reveal associated factors.MethodsThe study included patients aged ≥18 years, who were followed up with moderate and severe chronic psoriasis controlled by the last biological agent [Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) 75 response achieved] but had to discontinue their treatment during the pandemic. The patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical course after the discontinuation of these agents, presence of clinical worsening, and relapse were evaluated. Risk factors were analyzed with the logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe study included 169 patients, with a mean age of 47.3 ± 14.5 (18–87) years. The mean biologics‐free time was 18.2 ± 12.3 (2–56) weeks. Clinical worsening was detected in 41.4% and relapse in 48.5% of the patients. The significant risk factors for clinical worsening and relapse in both univariate and multivariate analyses were alcohol use during the biologics‐free period, total time off biologics, and the presence of an additional triggering factor. The use of secukinumab and ustekinumab was found to be a protective factor against clinical worsening in multivariate analyses.ConclusionAs the biologics‐free period is prolonged, the likelihood of clinical worsening and relapse increases, therefore, we do not recommend discontinuing biological agents.
Ecomorphological adaptations of owl feet and talons
Authors: Cameron C. , Johnson D. H. , Gauthier G. , Lecomte N. , Therrien J.‐F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFeet and talons are the most specialized predatory attributes of raptor morphology. As such, the hindlimb morphology of owls should reflect their dietary specialization. Owls' diet varies widely between species with only a subset of owl species preying predominantly on small mammals. We hypothesize that different owl species have varied hindlimb morphology, adapted to their main prey types, and that only dietary specialists will be distinguishable based on talon morphology (e.g. toe length, talon curvature and thickness, etc.). We used a sample of 63 specimens from 15 owl species to obtain a variety of measurements of hindlimb morphology. We then used a discriminant function analysis to investigate the degree of variation between species and diet groups in terms of their morphological measurements. Our results indicate that talon morphology is linked to prey type in the owl species studied. Insect specialists and small mammal specialists were characterized by a low talon curvature, whereas generalists presented a pronounced talon curvature. Fish specialists presented particularly thick and robust talons, and insect specialists showed lower digit strength than other owl species. These findings could help determine the diet of other owl species, particularly endangered species for which data on diet is often scarce. This study will also be very useful in future studies of the ecology of sympatric species, resource partitioning between species, or between sexes of the same species, and more generally to the evolution of owls.
The inflammatory‐nutritional score and nomogram for R0 resected head and neck soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Xu Bushu , Qiu Haibo , Ou Biyi , Chen Shuwei , Du Dingfu , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Xing , Liang Yao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the predictive value of inflammatory‐nutritional score (INS) and a nomogram for survivals in head and neck soft tissue sarcoma (HNSTS) patients with negative resection margins (R0).MethodsClinical characteristics and hematological features of 315 HNSTS patients underwent R0 surgery were analyzed.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate, 3‐year recurrence‐free survival rate and disease‐free survival (DFS) rate were 77.3%, 61.0% and 55.4%, respectively. High INS was associated with a deep tumor location (p < 0.001), high tumor grade (p < 0.001), and advanced AJCC stage (p < 0.001). The low‐risk group (INS 0) exhibited a higher 5‐year OS rate and 3‐year DFS rate than others (87.6% vs. 81.3% vs. 53.3%, p < 0.001; 62.2% vs. 56.9% vs. 37.9%, p = 0.007). The INS (p = 0.023), tumor depth (p < 0.001), pT classification (p = 0.022), pN classification (p < 0.001) and tumor grade (p < 0.001) were independent survival predictors. Moreover, a novel nomogram for predicting OS was generated and assessed by the concordance index, exhibiting a better performance than the p7TNMG classification alone (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFor R0 resected HNSTS patients, the oncological outcomes can be predicted using the INS system and a specific nomogram.
Varieties of moral mistake
Authors: Johnson King Zoë 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSome philosophers think that if someone acts wrongly while falsely believing that her act is permissible, this moral mistake cannot excuse her wrongdoing. And some think that this is because it is morally blameworthy to fail to appreciate the moral significance of non‐moral facts of which one is aware, such that mistakenly believing that one's act is permissible when it is in fact wrong is itself morally blameworthy. Here I challenge the view that it is blameworthy to fail to appreciate the moral significance of non‐moral facts of which one is aware. This view seems okay if we focus on examples of people mistakenly believing that their wrongful acts are permissible. But it is not remotely plausible when we consider other varieties of moral mistake – such as believing that one's action is required when it is in fact supererogatory, believing that one's action is wrong when it is in fact permissible, and believing false things about the moral properties of others’ actions and of merely possible actions. The upshot is that those who maintain that moral mistakes cannot excuse are sent back to the drawing board; we need a new explanation of why this would be the case.
Simultaneous visualization of the actin plate and new cell partition membrane during cytokinesis in the brown algaSphacelaria rigidula(Sphacelariales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Aoki Hinako , Katsaros Christos , Motomura Taizo , Nagasato Chikako 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYIn many brown algae, cytokinesis is accomplished through the centrifugal expansion of the membrane structure formed by the fusion of Golgi vesicles and flat cisternae. In contrast, it has been reported that cytokinesis inSphacelaria rigidulaprogresses centripetally by adding Golgi vesicles and flat cisternae to cleaving furrows of the plasma membrane. The reason why this cytokinetic pattern was observed only inSphacelariaspecies is unknown. In either cytokinesis pattern, a plate‐like actin structure (the actin plate) coincides with the cytokinetic plane between the daughter nuclei. However, it is unclear how the actin plate is related to cytokinesis progression. In this study, we re‐examined cytokinesis in the apical cells ofS. rigidulausing transmission electron microscopy. Double staining of the actin plate and the developing membrane was followed by fluorescence microscopy analysis to determine the relationship between these two formations. The results showed that cytokinesis inS. rigidula, as in many brown algae, was completed by centrifugal growth of the new cell partition membrane. A furrow of the plasma membrane was observed at the beginning of cytokinesis; however, further invagination did not occur. The actin plate arose at the center of the cytokinetic plane before membrane fusion and extended parallel to the expansion of the new cell partition membrane. When cytokinesis was slow due to insufficient Golgi vesicle supply to the cytokinetic plane in the cells under brefeldin A treatment, the extension of the actin plate was also suspended. In this study, the spatiotemporal relationship between the occurrence and expansion of the actin plate and the new cell partition membrane was revealed. These observations indicate that the actin plate might promote membrane fusion or lead to the growth of a new cell partition membrane.
In vitro hyperspectral analysis of tattoo dyes
Authors: Stolecka‐Warzecha Anna , Chmielewski Łukasz , Wilczyński Sławomir , Koprowski Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is no method that can guarantee effective, quick, and noninvasive removal of tattoo dyes. Laser methods are considered to be the method of choice. In this study, an attempt was made to determine the in vitro spectral characteristics of selected dyes used in permanent makeup and tattoos and to analyze the obtained parameters in terms of laser treatments optimization.Materials and methodsHyperspectral analysis was performed to determine the spectral characteristics of the dye on the entire surface of the slide. Seven dyes used in permanent makeup and tattoos were analyzed in vitro. The maximum reflectance and the wavelength for a given dye were determined for the maximum reflectance in the studied wavelength range: 400–1000 nm. The optical properties of the dyes were determined based on visible light imaging using camera.ResultsThe maximum radiation reflectance ranges from 634 to 732 nm for the tested dyes. Visually very similar colors may differ significantly in the wavelength for which the maximum absorption of the radiation occurs. White and yellow dyes are characterized by the highest reflectance value. The black dye is characterized by the lowest reflectance coefficient. Low reflectance of black dye results in more safe and effective removal treatments.ConclusionThe homogeneity of radiation absorption can be identified using methods of analysis and processing of images in visible light. Optimization of the wavelength of which the maximum absorption/reflectance of radiation occurs may allow us to increase the effectiveness of laser treatments for removing permanent makeup and tattoos.
CLE3 and its homologs share overlapping functions in the modulation of lateral root formation through CLV1 and BAM1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Nakagami Satoru , Aoyama Tsuyoshi , Sato Yoshikatsu , Kajiwara Taiki , Ishida Takashi , Sawa Shinichiro 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYLateral roots are important for a wide range of processes, including uptake of water and nutrients. The CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION‐RELATED (CLE) 1 ~ 7 peptide family and their cognate receptor CLV1 have been shown to negatively regulate lateral root formation under low‐nitrate conditions. However, little is known about how CLE signaling regulates lateral root formation. A persistent obstacle in CLE peptide research is their functional redundancies, which makes functional analyses difficult. To address this problem, we generate the cle1 ~ 7 septuple mutant (cle1 ~ 7‐cr1, cr stands for mutant allele generated with CRISPR/Cas9). cle1 ~ 7‐cr1 exhibits longer lateral roots under normal conditions. Specifically, in cle1 ~ 7‐cr1, the lateral root density is increased, and lateral root primordia initiation is found to be accelerated. Further analysis shows that cle3 single mutant exhibits slightly longer lateral roots. On the other hand, plants that overexpress CLE2 and CLE3 exhibit decreased lateral root lengths. To explore cognate receptor(s) of CLE2 and CLE3, we analyze lateral root lengths in clv1 barely any meristem 1(bam1) double mutant. Mutating both the CLV1 and BAM1 causes longer lateral roots, but not in each single mutant. In addition, genetic analysis reveals that CLV1 and BAM1 are epistatic to CLE2 and CLE3. Furthermore, gene expression analysis shows that the LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN/ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2‐LIKE (LBD/ASL) genes, which promote lateral root formation, are upregulated in cle1 ~ 7‐cr1 and clv1 bam1. We therefore propose that CLE2 and CLE3 peptides are perceived by CLV1 and BAM1 to mediate lateral root formation through LBDs regulation.
How do we operate a large monthly red blood cell exchange program
Authors: Allison David , Manon Luis , Vidanovic Vladimir , Crane Jason , Sevcik Joan , Janiszewski Sara , Gabert Kimberly , Santos Christine Clemente Dos , Discua Joseph , Hsu Lewis L. , Gordeuk Victor , Campbell‐Lee Sally 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRed blood cell (RBC) exchange for sickle cell disease presents unique difficulties due to RBC phenotyping, complex antibody work‐ups, large number of RBC units required, and vascular access considerations, any of which can delay the procedure. Multidisciplinary coordination and systemic processes ensure that monthly appointments remain on schedule.Study Design and MethodsA high‐volume chronic RBC exchange program is described, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary coordination and process improvement strategies involving initial referral, vascular access, order sets, and allocation of antigen‐negative or phenotypically matched RBCs.ResultsApproximately 50 outpatient RBC exchanges are performed each month with an 82% kept‐appointment rate. Specific factors for program success include open communication across services and improvements to referrals and standardized order sets.ConclusionA combination of multidisciplinary coordination and process improvement can ensure the success of a high volume RBC exchange program. Frequent communication of upcoming appointments between the referring hematologists, the hemapheresis clinic, transfusion service, and interventional radiology is critical. Advance notice to the immunohematology reference lab of upcoming appointments is needed to allow enough time for allocating antigen‐negative RBCs. Order sets can be leveraged to standardize and streamline RBC exchanges. Lastly, numerous mechanisms help patients compensate for the cognitive sequelae of stroke.
The myonuclear domain in adult skeletal muscle fibres: past, present and future
Authors: Bagley James R. , Denes Lance T. , McCarthy John J. , Wang Eric T. , Murach Kevin A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMost cells in the body are mononuclear whereas skeletal muscle fibres are uniquely multinuclear. The nuclei of muscle fibres (myonuclei) are usually situated peripherally which complicates the equitable distribution of gene products. Myonuclear abundance can also change under conditions such as hypertrophy and atrophy. Specialised zones in muscle fibres have different functions and thus distinct synthetic demands from myonuclei. The complex structure and regulatory requirements of multinuclear muscle cells understandably led to the hypothesis that myonuclei govern defined ‘domains’ to maintain homeostasis and facilitate adaptation. The purpose of this review is to provide historical context for the myonuclear domain and evaluate its veracity with respect to mRNA and protein distribution resulting from myonuclear transcription. We synthesise insights from past and current in vitro and in vivo genetically modified models for studying the myonuclear domain under dynamic conditions. We also cover the most contemporary knowledge on mRNA and protein transport in muscle cells. Insights from emerging technologies such as single myonuclear RNA‐sequencing further inform our discussion of the myonuclear domain. We broadly conclude: (1) the myonuclear domain can be flexible during muscle fibre growth and atrophy, (2) the mechanisms and role of myonuclear loss and motility deserve further consideration, (3) mRNA in muscle is actively transported via microtubules and locally restricted, but proteins may travel far from a myonucleus of origin and (4) myonuclear transcriptional specialisation extends beyond the classic neuromuscular and myotendinous populations. A deeper understanding of the myonuclear domain in muscle may promote effective therapies for ageing and disease.
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Dynamic Behavior of a Spinning Exponentially Functionally Graded Shaft With Unbalanced Load
Authors: Wang Guangding , Zhao Qing , Chen Liqing , Yuan Huiqun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The dynamic behaviors of a pinned–pinned spinning exponentially functionally graded shaft with unbalanced loads are investigated. The shaft is simulated in the Rayleigh beam model considering rotary inertia and gyroscopic effects. The governing equation for the flexural vibration of the shaft is derived via the Hamilton principle. Based on the boundary conditions, both the exact and approximate whirl frequency equations of the system are obtained analytically. Also, the validity of the proposed model is confirmed by comparing it with the results reported in the literature. Finally, a numerical study on the basis of the analytical solutions is performed to evaluate the main parameters, including slenderness ratio (α), gradient index (β), mass ratio (μ), and eccentric distance (γ) on the whirl frequency, critical spinning speed, mode shapes, and stability of the system. The results reveal that the vibration and instability of the spinning shaft are strongly dependent on the unbalanced load and material gradient.
A Numerical Study on Mechanical Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Trabecular Bone and Osteoblasts
Authors: Tian Congbiao , Liu Haiying , Zhao Chaohui , Zhang Chunqiu , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The lack of sufficient mechanical stimulation to the human bone, results in disuse osteoporosis. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) promotes fracture healing and the treatment of disuse osteoporosis, but its biomechanical mechanism remains unknown. Simulative research on the mechanical effects of LIPUS on disuse trabecular bone and osteoblasts have been performed. The von Mises stress of disuse trabecular bone and osteoblasts obviously increased under LIPUS irradiation. The average von Mises stress of osteoblasts were two orders of magnitude higher under the irradiation of simulant LIPUS than that without LIPUS irradiation, and the von Mises stress of osteoblasts was positively correlated with the amplitude of sound pressure excitation. The results showed that LIPUS irradiation could obviously improve the mechanical micro-environment of trabecular bone and osteoblasts to alleviate the lack of mechanical stimulation. The results of the research can reveal the biomechanical mechanism of LIPUS in the treatment of disuse osteoporosis to some extent and provide theoretical guidance for clinical treatment of disuse osteoporosis through physical methods.
Mechanical Design, Planning, and Control for Legged Robots in Distillation Columns
Authors: Molnar Tamas G. , Tighe Katherine , Ubellacker Wyatt , Kalantari Arash , Ames Aaron D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDexterous robots have great potential to execute industrial tasks that are not suited to humans. In this work, a novel robotic mobility platform is proposed for use in the chemical industry to enable autonomous distillation column inspection—a tedious and dangerous task for humans. A roller arm mechanism is designed for a quadrupedal robot that enables moving across the distillation column. Required dynamic behaviors are generated with full-body motion planning and low-level control. The holistic process of mechanical design, planning, and control leads to desired behavior, as demonstrated by high-fidelity simulations. This marks a key step toward operating legged robots inside distillation columns.