bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of viral pathogens associated with symptomatic upper respiratory tract infection in adults during a low COVID-19 transmission period
Authors: Sandybayev Nurlan , Beloussov Vyacheslav , Strochkov Vitaliy , Solomadin Maxim , Granica Joanna , Yegorov Sergey 
Published: March 2023

Background
The epidemiology of respiratory tract infections (RTI) has dramatically changed over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. A major effort in the clinical management of RTI has been directed toward diagnosing COVID-19, while the causes of other, common community RTI often remain enigmatic. To shed light on the etiological causes of RTI during a low COVID-19 transmission period in 2021, we did a pilot study using molecular testing for virologic causes of upper RTI among adults with respiratory symptoms from Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Methods
Adults presenting at two public hospitals with respiratory symptoms were screened using SARS-CoV-2 PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs. A subset of RTI+, COVID-19-negative adults (n = 50) was then tested for the presence of common RTI viruses and influenza A virus (IAV). Next generation virome sequencing was used to further characterize the PCR-detected RTI pathogens.

Results
Of 1,812 symptomatic adults, 21 (1.2%) tested SARS-CoV-2-positive. Within the COVID-19 negative outpatient subset, 33/50 subjects (66%) had a positive PCR result for a common community RTI virus, consisting of human parainfluenza virus 3-4 (hPIV 3-4) in 25/50 (50%), rhinovirus (hRV) in 2 (4%), hPIV4-hRV co-infection in four (8%) and adenovirus or the OCR43/HKU-1 coronavirus in two (4%) cases; no IAV was detected. Virome sequencing allowed to reconstruct sequences of most PCR-identified rhinoviruses and hPIV-3/human respirovirus-3.

Conclusions
COVID-19 was cause to a low proportion of symptomatic RTI among adults. Among COVID-negative participants, symptomatic RTI was predominantly associated with hPIV and hRV. Therefore, respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 should be considered in the clinical management and prevention of adult RTI in the post-pandemic era.
Newly compiled Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) promotes lower extremity exercise: a preliminary cross sectional study
Authors: Li Haojie , Peng Fang , Lyu Shaojun , Ji Zhongqiu , Li Xiongfeng , Liu Mingyu 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundTai Chi (Bafa Wubu) is a new type of simplified Tai Chi widely practiced by Tai Chi enthusiasts that has developed and perfected simplified Tai Chi movement and enriched Tai Chi practice methods. When practicing, Tai Chi athletes and enthusiasts can choose the Bafa Wubu movements to practice according to their physical conditions. The purpose of this article is to discuss the mechanism by which Bafa Wubu promotes lower extremity exercise from the perspective of exercise biomechanics.ObjectivesThis article aims to explore the scientific training methods and technical characteristics of Bafa Wubu, and its contribution to comprehensive exercise of the lower extremities, by analyzing the biomechanical characteristics of the lower extremities of participants who practice Bafa Wubu at different levels and by comparing their ground reaction force, lower limb joints, and muscles during Bafa Wubu.MethodsA total of 16 male participants were recruited and divided into an amateur group (N= 8) and a professional group (N= 8). The data were collected by a BTS 3D infrared-based motion capture system, and Kistler 3D force plate. The lower extremity joint forces and muscle strength were calculated by anybody simulation software with inverse dynamics.ResultsDuring elbowing and leaning sideways with steps sideways (ELS), the ground reaction force of the professional group was significantly higher than that of the amateur group in the sagittal, vertical, and frontal axes (P< 0.01). While stepping forward, backward, and sideways, the professional group’s joints loading at the hip, knee, and ankle was always higher in the vertical direction (P< 0.01). Furthermore, during warding off with steps forward (WOF), laying with steps forward (LF), and rolling back with steps backward (RBB), hip joint loading increased in the med–lat direction. During actions with steps backward and sideways, the professional group’s ankle flexion/extension torque and hip abduction/rotation torque were significantly larger than those of the amateur group (P< 0.01). Different actions in Bafa Wubu activate muscles to different degrees, whereas the iliacus is mainly responsible for stabilizing postures when practitioners perform standing knee lifting motions.ConclusionsProfessional groups who have been practicing Tai Chi (Bafa Wubu) for a long time have higher ground reaction force, and the force on the three joints of the lower extremities is different for various movements, which has positive significance for exercising the joints of the lower extremities. In addition, various motions activate muscles of different types at different levels. For amateurs to practice different movements to stimulate the muscles, targeted areas of practice promote the lower extremity muscles’ synergistic force. In summary, the muscles and joints of the lower extremity can obtain comprehensive and balanced exercise through Bafa Wubu.
Acute ventilatory responses to swimming at increasing intensities
Authors: Monteiro Ana Sofia , Magalhães José Francisco , Knechtle Beat , Buzzachera Cosme F. , Vilas-Boas J. Paulo , Fernandes Ricardo J. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Physical exercise is a source of stress to the human body, triggering different ventilatory responses through different regulatory mechanisms and the aquatic environment imposes several restrictions to the swimmer, particularly regarding the restricted ventilation. Thus, we aimed to assess the acute ventilatory responses and to characterize the adopted breathing patterns when swimming front crawl at increasing intensity domains.

Methods
Eighteen well-trained swimmers performed 7 × 200 m front crawl (0.05 m∙s−1 velocity increments) and a maximal 100 m (30 s rest intervals). Pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation were continuously measured (breath-by-breath) and capillary blood samples for lactate concentration ([La−]) analysis were collected at rest, during intervals and at the end of the protocol, allowing the identification of the low, moderate, heavy, severe and extreme intensity domains.

Results
With the swimming velocity rise, respiratory frequency (fR), [La−] and stroke rate (SR) increased ([29.1–49.7] breaths∙min−1, [2.7–11.4] mmol∙L−1, [26.23–40.85] cycles; respectively) and stroke length (SL) decreased ([2.43–2.04] m∙min−1; respectively). Oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and heart rate (HR) increased until severe ([37.5–53.5] mL∙kg−1∙min−1, [55.8–96.3] L∙min−1, [32.2–51.5] mL∙kg−1∙min−1 and [152–182] bpm; respectively) and stabilized from severe to extreme (53.1 ± 8.4, mL∙kg−1∙min-1, 99.5 ± 19.1 L∙min−1, 49.7 ± 8.3 mL∙kg−1∙min−1 and 186 ± 11 bpm; respectively) while tidal volume (VT) was similar from low to severe ([2.02–2.18] L) and decreased at extreme intensities (2.08 ± 0.56 L). Lastly, the fR/SR ratio increased from low to heavy and decreased from severe to the extreme intensity domains (1.12 ± 0.24, 1.19 ± 0.25, 1.26 ± 0.26, 1.32 ± 0.26 and 1.23 ± 0.26).

Conclusions
Our findings confirm a different ventilatory response pattern at extreme intensities when compared to the usually evaluated exertions. This novel insight helps to understand and characterize the maximal efforts in swimming and reinforces the importance to include extreme efforts in future swimming evaluations.
A Generalized Approach for Estimation of a Finite Population Mean in Two-Phase Sampling
Authors: Tiwari Ashish , Kumar Manish , Dubey Sarvesh Kumar 
Published: March 2023

The present paper deals with the formulation of a generalized class of ratio-cum-product estimators for the estimation of a finite population mean in two-phase sampling. The mathematical expressions for the mean square errors (MSEs) of the preliminary and proposed estimators are derived. It has been established that the proposed class encompasses a wide range of estimators for specific choices of the scalars. The relative performance of the proposed class, as compared to the preliminary estimators, is evaluated using the MSE criterion. In addition, optimum sample sizes of the first-phase and second-phase samples are obtained using a specified cost function. The theoretical findings are empirically assessed by computing MSEs and percent relative efficiencies (PREs) of various estimators based on real population datasets. The findings of the study reveal that the proposed class of estimators are superior as compared to the preliminary estimators for the estimation of mean.
Effect of Corm and Soil Treatments with Organic Liquid Formulations on Performance of Elephant Foot Yam in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Biswas Saikat , Das Rupa , Thakur Raghava 
Published: March 2023

A field experiment was carried out at the farm of Divyayan Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, Morabadi, Ranchi during kharif season of 2022 with 10 treatments (T1: control or no treatment, T2: Corm treatment with Beej Sanjeevani, T3: Corm treatment with Beejamrit, T4: Soil application of Jiwamrit, T5: Soil application of Panchagavya, T6: Soil application of Jiwamrit + Panchagavya, T7: Corm treatment with Beej Sanjeevani + soil application of Jiwamrit, T8: Corm treatment with Beej Sanjeevani + soil application of Panchagavya, T9: Corm treatment with Beejamrit + soil application of Jiwamrit, T10: Corm treatment with Beejamrit + soil application of Panchagavya) placed in three times replicated randomized block design to study the growth, yield and production economics of elephant foot yam under uses of organic corm and soil treatments. Results revealed that corm treatment with Beejamrit + soil application of Jiwamrit resulted in higher growth attributes, corm length (23.3 cm), dimeter (26.9 cm) and yield (32.8 t/ha). This corm + soil treatment also recorded the highest gross return (INR.2,62,400/ha), net return (INR.1,69,189/ha) and B:C (2.82). It also increased soil microbial population dynamics especially total bacteria (69.7 CFU × 106/g of soil).
Blade Coating of Alloy as Top Electrodes for Efficient All‐Printed Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Linna , Yu Boyang , Kang Liangyuqi , Deng Weiwei , Zhao Xinyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAll printing of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) including the top electrode is highly desirable for achieving cost‐effective, high‐throughput, and large‐area photovoltaic manufacturing. Here, the printing of a low‐melting‐point alloy as top electrodes in OPVs via blade coating is investigated. The Field's metal (FM) with the melting point of 62 °C is adopted for the top electrodes, because FM can be printed under moderate temperatures without harming the active layers while remaining solid state under solar irradiation. The correlations between the processing parameters and properties of the blade‐coated electrodes are elucidated. OPVs based on the D18:Y6 active layer and blade‐coated FM electrodes achieve a highest power conversion efficiency of 17.28%. The OPVs with FM‐electrode demonstrate much higher thermal stability than that of the Ag‐electrode devices. All‐printed OPVs, in which the FM electrode is blade coated and the other layers are prepared by flexible micro‐comb printing, exhibit an efficiency of 16.07%. The results represent the records of evaporation‐free and all‐printed OPVs, demonstrating that printing FM as OPV electrodes is a cost‐effective and time‐saving strategy to substitute the vacuum‐evaporated metals, as well as a feasible route toward high‐performance all‐printed OPVs.
Synergistic Crystallization Modulation and Defects passivation via Additive Engineering Stabilize Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Yuan Xiangbao , Li Ru , Xiong Zhuang , Li Peiyuan , Odunmbaku George Omololu , Sun Kuan , Deng Yehao , Chen Shijian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganic‐inorganic lead halide perovskite are promising photovoltaic materials, but their intrinsic defects and crystalline quality severely deteriorate the solar cells efficiency and stability. Herein, potassium 1,1,2,2,3,3‐hexafluoroprop‐ane‐1,3‐disulfonimide (KHFDF) is introduced into PbI2 precursor solution to passivate various defects and improve the crystalline quality of perovskite films. It is found that KHFDF can inhibit PbI2 crystallization, thus tuning the crystal orientation and growth of perovskite films. Furthermore, KHFDF with dual‐functional sulfonyl group cannot only passivate grain boundaries (GBs), but also passivate the defects at GBs via strong interaction with undercoordinated Pb2+ and/or hydrogen bonding with FA+, while the K+ counter cations allow ionic interaction with undercoordinated I−. As a result, the KHFDF‐modified films exhibit high quality with a larger grain size and a reduced trap‐state density, thereby suppressing the trap‐state nonradiative recombination. And the devices show a champion efficiency up to 24.15%, benefiting from a sharp enhancement of open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.183 V and fill factor of 81.78%. In addition, due to the enhanced humidity tolerance and chemical structure stability, the devices exhibit excellent long‐term humidity and thermal stability without encapsulation.
3D Printing of Poly‐ε‐Caprolactone (PCL) Auxetic Implants with Advanced Performance for Large Volume Soft Tissue Engineering
Authors: Park Jeong Hun , Park Hyun‐Ji , Tucker Sarah Jo , Rutledge Sarah K. , Wang Lizhen , Davis Michael E. , Hollister Scott J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA successful 3D printing of a novel 3D architected auxetic for large‐volume soft tissue engineering is reported. The 3D auxetic design is analyzed through finite element (FE) simulation and created by selective laser sintering (SLS) of Poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL) for further in‐depth mechanical and biological analysis. High initial flexibility and nonlinear stress–strain response to the uniaxial compression are achieved despite the use of PCL, which is one of the biomaterials that is clinically approved but has the disadvantage of having relatively stiff and linear mechanical properties. The high mass transport properties of the 3D auxetic are also demonstrated by not only high cell viability but also cell functionality within a cell‐laden hydrogel in large sizes of the auxetic. The outstanding mechanical and biological performance of the 3D auxetic is a consequence of the synergistic effect of the novel architected auxetic design combined with the inherent printing characteristic of SLS. The current study demonstrates great potential of SLS‐based printing of 3D auxetics toward the development of clinically viable 3D implants for the reconstruction of large‐volume soft tissues.
Mussel Foot Protein Inspired Tape‐Type Adhesive with Water‐Responsive, High Conformal, Tough, and On‐Demand Detachable Adhesion to Wet Tissue
Authors: Ni Peng , Huang Hongjian , Zhang Lidan , Chen Yiming , Liang Ziyi , Weng Yunxiang , Fang Yan , Liu Haiqing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWet adhesion is highly demanded in noninvasive wound closure, tissue repair, and biomedical devices, but it is still a big challenge for developing biosafe and tough wet bioadhesives due to low or even nonadhesion in the wet state for conventional adhesives. Inspired by the wet‐adhesion‐contributing factors of mussel foot proteins, a water‐responsive dry robust tissue adhesive PAGU tape is made with thickness of <0.5 mm through fast UV‐initiated copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), gelatin (Gel), and hexadecenyl‐1,2‐catechol (UH). The tape shows strong cohesive mechanical properties and strong interfacial adhesion bonds. Upon application onto wet tissue, the adhesive tape can conform to the tissue, quickly dry tissue surface through absorbing surface/interfacial water and then allows formation of interfacial bonding with a high interfacial toughness of ≈818 J m−2. Furthermore, it can be readily detached by treating with aq. urea solution. A highly efficient avenue is provided here for producing conformable, tough, and easy detachable wet bioadhesive tapes.
Multilayer Three‐Dimensional Woven Silver Nanowire Networks for Absorption‐Dominated Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Sun Qing‐yin , Zhao Cong , Qin Chu , Li Fang‐mei , Yu Hao , Wang Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSecondary electromagnetic reflection is a great challenge in the field of high conductivity electromagnetic interference (EMI) material due to the poor electromagnetic absorption ability. In this work, a multilayer stack strategy compositing of the absorption‐dominated thin films and the reflection‐dominated thick film is proposed to realize both high shielding effectiveness (SE) and low reflection. The film comprises 3D woven silver nanowire (AgNWs) networks embedded in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, and the shielding film thickness can be adjusted via controlling coating cycles. It can be found the three‐ply stack of two thin films and a thick film, (B:F)10(B:F)10(B:F)40, (B:F)5(B:F)10(B:F)40, and (B:F)5(B:F)5(B:F)40, can achieve EMI SEs up to 40.8, 40.7, and 36.3 dB, and the absorptions up to 0.59, 0.65, and 0.69, respectively. Results from verification investigation and theoretical simulation indicate that the multilayer can regulate the shielding mechanism of AgNWs‐based films from reflection‐dominated to absorption‐dominated, with no apparent deterioration of EMI SE. The synergistic effect of a multilayer stack is regarded to originate from a special “absorb‐absorb‐reflect‐absorb‐absorb” course. This finding suggests a promising approach to acquiring both high‐efficient and absorption‐dominated EMI shielding material.
Modified Zinc Magnesium Oxide for Optimal Charge‐Injection Balance in InP Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Heo Dongbeom , Chang Jun Hyuk , Shin Doyoon , Kwak Jeonghun , Bae Wanki , Lee Hyunho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBalanced charge injection into the emissive layer is a prerequisite for achieving highly efficient quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). The similar energy distribution of charge transport layers and indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) facilitates excess electron injection to the InP QD layer. In this study, magnesium‐doped ZnO nanoparticles (ZMO NPs) are modified to suppress the electron injection to the InP QD layer. Particularly, hydroxyl groups are effectively replaced by electrically stable states through the passivation of ZMO NPs, retarding electron injection through the ZMO NP layer. The modified ZMO‐NP‐based InP QLEDs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.6% with a substantially enhanced operational lifetime compared with that of devices made with unmodified ZMO NPs.
General Model for Charge Carriers Transport in Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors
Authors: Luginieski Marcos , Koehler Marlus , Serbena José P. M. , Seidel Keli F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA charge carrier transport model able to describe the typical modes of operation and some non‐ideal ones from electrolyte‐gated field effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is proposed. The analysis include the effect of 2D or 3D percolation transport (PT) and the influence of a shallow exponential trap distribution on the transport. Under these considerations, a non‐constant accumulation layer thickness along the channel can be formed, resulting in a non‐constant effective mobility. The accumulation thickness can depict 2D or 3D PT or even a transition between them. This transition can produce a non‐ideal profile between the linear and saturation regimes in the output curve, region in which a lump appears. Other analyzed phenomenon is the non‐linear behavior for low drain voltage in the output curve, even considering an ohmic contact. This phenomenon is attributed to the traps distribution profile into the semiconductor and the thin accumulation layer thickness close to the injection contact. The conditions when the linear field effect mobility is higher or lower than the saturation one is also analyzed. Finally, electrolyte‐gated organic field effect transistors and OECT experimental data are successfully fitted with this model showing its versatility.
A Simulation Investigation on the Dynamic Behavior of Wheelset Bearings Caused by Wheel Diameter Difference
Authors: Yi Cai , Wang Jingyuan , Liao Xiaokang , Zhang Yi , Lin Jianhui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA bearing‐vehicle‐track coupling dynamic model is built in this paper and the validity of the model is proved by comparing the simulation data with the theoretical data. Based on this model, the influence of wheel diameter difference (WDD) on the dynamic behavior of wheelset bearing is studied. The results demonstrate that when the bogie has a rear WDD, lateral displacement (LaD) of the front wheelset is the smallest. When the bogie has an anti‐phase WDD, LaD of the rear wheelset is the smallest, while when the bogie has an in‐phase WDD, LaD of the front and rear wheelsets is the largest, and LaD of the front and rear WDD is between the two, which is in line with the theoretical analysis results. Compared with LaD results of the wheelset bearing outer raceway under normal conditions, when the wheel has a diameter difference, LaD distance of the outer race increases with the WDD increasing, and the frequency of lateral movement also increases with the increase against the WDD gradation. The high‐frequency and large‐distance lateral movement of the wheelset bearing outer race under the WDD will increase the roller‐outer raceway force, and accelerate the failure of the bearing.
Electrochemical Nano‐Roughening of Gold Microstructured Electrodes for Enhanced Sensing in Biofluids**
Authors: González‐Martínez Eduardo , Saem Sokunthearath (Kevin) , Beganovic Nadine E. , Moran‐Mirabal Jose M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA key challenge for sensor miniaturization is to create electrodes with smaller footprints, while maintaining or increasing sensitivity. In this work, the electroactive surface of gold electrodes was enhanced 30‐fold by wrinkling followed by chronoamperometric (CA) pulsing. Electron microscopy showed increased surface roughness in response to an increased number of CA pulses. The nanoroughened electrodes also showed excellent fouling resistance when submerged in solutions containing bovine serum albumin. The nanoroughened electrodes were used for electrochemical detection of Cu2+ in tap water and of glucose in human blood plasma. In the latter case, the nanoroughened electrodes allowed highly sensitive enzyme‐free sensing of glucose, with responses comparable to those of two commercial enzyme‐based sensors. We anticipate that this methodology to fabricate nanostructured electrodes can accelerate the development of simple, cost‐effective, and high sensitivity electrochemical platforms.
Thermo‐ and Photocatalytic Activation of CO2 in Ionic Liquids Nanodomains
Authors: Qadir Muhammad I. , Dupont Jairton 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are considered to be potential material devices for CO2 capturing and conversion to energy‐adducts. They form a cage (confined‐space) around the catalyst providing an ionic nano‐container environment which serves as physical‐chemical barrier that selectively controls the diffusion of reactants, intermediates, and products to the catalytic active sites via their hydrophobicity and contact ion pairs. Hence, the electronic properties of the catalysts in ILs can be tuned by the proper choice of the IL‐cations and anions that strongly influence the residence time/diffusion of the reactants, intermediates, and products in the nano‐environment. On the other hand, ILs provide driving force towards photocatalytic redox process to increase the CO2 photoreduction. By combining ILs with the semiconductor, unique solid semiconductor‐liquid commodities are generated that can lower the CO2 activation energy barrier by modulating the electronic properties of the semiconductor surface. This mini‐review provides a brief overview of the recent advances in IL assisted thermal conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons, formic acid, methanol, dimethyl carbonate, and cyclic carbonates as well as its photo‐conversion to solar fuels.