bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges of the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for pathologists focusing on early stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yu‐Ting , Chang Il‐Chi , Chen Chih‐Yi , Hsia Jiun‐Yi , Lin Frank Cheau‐Feng , Chao Wan‐Ru , Ke Tuan‐Ying , Chen Ya‐Ting , Chen Chih‐Jung , Hsieh Min‐Shu , Huang Shiu‐Feng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for lung cancer adopts new criteria for tumor size, and for determining pTis, pT1a(mi), and pT1a. The latter is based on the size of stromal invasion. It is quite challenging for lung pathologists.MethodsAll patients who had undergone surgical resection for pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC) at Chung Shan Medical University Hospital between January 2014 and April 2018 were reviewed, and restaged according to the eighth AJCC staging system. The clinical characteristics and survival of patients with tumor stage 0 (pTis), I or II were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 376 patients were analyzed. None of the pTis, pT1a(mi), or pT1a tumors recurred during the follow‐up period up to 5 years, but pT1b, pT1c, pT2a, and pT2b tumors all had a few tumor recurrences (p < 0.0001). In addition, 95.2%, 100%, and 77.5% of pTis, pT1a(mi), and pT1a tumors, respectively, had tumor sizes ≤1.0 cm by gross examination. All pTis, pT1a(mi), and pT1a tumors exhibited only lepidic, acinar, or papillary patterns histologically.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated excellent survival for lung ADC patients with pTis, pT1a(mi), and pT1a tumors when completely excised. To reduce the inconsistencies between pathologists, staging lung ADC with tumors of ≤1 cm in size grossly as pTis, pT1a(mi), or pT1a may not be necessary when the tumors exhibit only lepidic, acinar, or papillary histological patterns. A larger cohort study with sufficient follow‐up data is necessary to support this proposal.
Case of robot‐assisted salvage surgery for esophageal cancer with a mediastinal fistula after definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kadowaki Daisuke , Noma Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Masashi , Maeda Naoaki , Tanabe Shunsuke , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSalvage surgery for esophageal cancer after definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is effective, but it is associated with a high rate of perioperative complications. The indications for robot‐assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) are expanding. However, there are few reports of salvage RAMIE. A 73‐year‐old man was referred to our hospital for residual esophageal cancer with a mediastinal fistula after dCRT. The perioperative diagnosis was T3N1M0‐Stage III, and the salvage RAMIE was performed. Although the dissection was difficult due to fibrosis caused by dCRT and the esophageal mediastinal fistula, RAMIE was performed safely with no complications. Multiple features of RAMIE contributed to stable surgery. The monopolar dissection is effective for hard scar tissue caused by CRT and inflammation.
Spatially Adaptive Calibrations of Airbox PM2.5 Data
Authors: Tzeng ShengLi , Lai Chi-Wei , Huang Hsin-Cheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Taiwan air quality monitoring network (TAQMN) and the AirBox network both monitor PM2.5 in Taiwan. The TAQMN, managed by Taiwan's Environmental Protection Administration (EPA), provides high-quality PM2.5 measurements at 77 monitoring stations. The AirBox network launched more recently consists of low-cost, small internet-of-things (IoT) microsensors (i.e., AirBoxes) at thousands of locations. While the AirBox network provides broad spatial coverage, its measurements are unreliable and require calibrations. However, applying a universal calibration procedure to all AirBoxes does not work well because the calibration line varies with local factors, including the chemical compositions of PM2.5, which are not homogeneous in space. Therefore, different calibrations are needed at different locations to adapt to their local environments. Unfortunately, AirBoxes and EPA locations are misaligned, challenging the calibration task. In this paper, we propose a spatial model with spatially varying coefficients to account for the heterogeneity in the data. Our method gives spatially adaptive calibrations of AirBoxes and produces accurate PM2.5 concentration estimates with their error bars at any location, incorporating two types of measurements. In addition, the proposed method is robust to outliers, requires no colocated data, and provides calibration formulas for new AirBoxes once they are added to the network. We illustrate our approach using hourly PM2.5 data in 2020. After the calibration, the results show that the PM2.5 prediction improves by about 38%–68% in root-mean-squared prediction error. Once the calibration formulas are established, we can obtain reliable PM2.5 values even if we ignore EPA data.
Electrolyte abnormalities and stress dosing predict illness‐related hospitalizations among infants and toddlers with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Tseng Teresa , Seagroves Amy , Tanawattanacharoen Veeraya K. , Liang Mark C. , Koppin Christina M. , Keenan Madison , Davidowitz Elana , Nguyen Eugene , Chand Sanjay , Geffner Mitchell E. , Chang Todd P. , Kim Mimi S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveInfants and toddlers with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at high risk for morbidity/mortality arising from life‐threatening adrenal crisis. Management of acute illnesses in CAH requires an understanding of factors leading to emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations in the first few years of life. We, therefore, examined adrenal crisis at prehospital and ED stages of illness in young children with CAH as they related to medical outcomes.Patients and DesignRetrospective cohort study of 39 children with CAH due to 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (0–4 years of age) and 27 age‐matched controls.MeasurementsED visit, acute illness symptoms (fever, vomiting, diarrhoea) and other characteristics (hospitalizations, administration of stress‐dose hydrocortisone, electrolyte abnormalities).ResultsCAH infants and toddlers had significantly higher rates of ED visits (0.50 [0.25–0.88] per person‐year) than controls (0 [0–0] per person‐year; p < .001). Moreover, CAH children under 6 months old had significantly higher rates of ED visits compared with older ages. Only 50% (51/102) of illness‐related ED visits in CAH children were preceded by the administration of either oral (46/51) or intramuscular (11/51) stress dosing by parents. A total of 10.8% of ED visits resulted in hospital admission. Controlling for age and 17‐hydroxyprogesterone at diagnosis, electrolyte abnormalities and administration of parenteral hydrocortisone in the ED significantly predicted hospital admission. Receiving a hydrocortisone injection before the ED was a significant predictor of having electrolyte abnormalities.ConclusionsInfants and toddlers with classical CAH are at high risk for acute illness and hospitalizations and often do not receive adequate stress dosing before the ED.
A chemically defined system supports two distinct types of stem cell from a single blastocyst and their self‐assembly to generate blastoid
Authors: Wu Baojiang , Yang Zhiqing , Liu Yijie , Li Jianwen , Chen Chen , Li Xihe , Bao Siqin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe pluripotent stem cells exist in a narrow window during early development and its derivation depends on intrinsic and extrinsic growth signalling in vitro. It has remained challenging to derive two or three distinct cell lines that are representative of blastocyst‐stage lineages from one preimplantation embryo simultaneously in a chemical defined condition. Therefore, it is desirable to establish a system by manipulating extrinsic signalling in culture to derive multiple types of stem cells from a single blastocyst. This study used a defined medium containing Activin A, WNT activator and LIF (ACL medium), enabling establishment of ACL‐ESCs and ACL‐XEN cells from one blastocyst. ACL‐blastoids were generated by suspending ACL‐ESCs and ACL‐XEN cells with ACL‐blastoid medium in three‐dimensional culture system. Lineage markers expression of ACL‐blastoids were performed by immunofluorescence. Our results indicate that ACL‐ESCs and ACL‐XEN cells derived from one blastocyst represent ICM and PrE lineages. Importantly, we obtained ACL‐blastoid from ACL‐ESCs and ACL‐XEN cells self‐aggregation, partially recapitulating early development and initiation of early implantation events. This study would not only provide ACL culture system for derivation and maintenance of two types of cell lines corresponding to ICM as well as PrE, but also reconstruct blastoids with them to deepen our understanding of early embryogenesis and widen insights into translational application of stem cells.
Lifestyle intervention for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Retnakaran Matthew , Viana Luciana V. , Kramer Caroline K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo determine whether current evidence supports lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention in women with previous gestational diabetes (GD).MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Global Health, Sinomed and Clinicaltrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (published from 1 January 1950 to 14 December 2022) comparing lifestyle intervention with standard care in women with previous GD. Our primary outcome was incident T2D, with pooled estimates calculated by a fixed‐effects model.ResultsOf 1652 studies identified, 13 were eligible and were included in our analysis (N = 3745 women). Compared with standard care, lifestyle intervention yielded a reduction of 24% in the incidence of T2D (relative risk 0.76 [95% CI 0.63‐0.93]). Meta‐regression analyses revealed no impact of the duration of lifestyle intervention (P = .81) or baseline body mass index (P = .90) on the observed reduction in incident T2D. Importantly, this published literature shows evidence of publication bias on funnel plot and Egger test (P = .048).ConclusionsCurrent published evidence suggests that lifestyle intervention can reduce the risk of T2D in women with prior GD. However, this finding should be interpreted with caution in the presence of documented publication bias.
Efficacy and safety of janagliflozin monotherapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on diet and exercise: A multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, Phase 3 trial
Authors: Ji Linong , Jiang Xiaozhen , Hao Qingshun , Cheng Zhifeng , Wang Kun , Pang Shuguang , Liu Meiying , Guo Yushan , Chen Xiaowen , Su Xiuhai , Ning Tao , Liu Jie , Bian Fang , Li Yulan , Zhang Zhinong , Song Weihong , Sun Jingfang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of janagliflozin, a selective renal sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor, as monotherapy in drug‐naive Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methodsThis Phase 3 trial included a 24‐week, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled period, followed by a 28‐week extension period. A total of 432 patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥7.0% (53 mmol/mol) and ≤10.5% (91 mmol/mol) were randomized (1:1:1) to receive once‐daily placebo, 25 mg or 50 mg janagliflozin. After 24 weeks, patients on placebo were switched and re‐randomized (1:1) to 25 mg or 50 mg janagliflozin, whereas patients on janagliflozin maintained the initial therapy. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c after 24 weeks.ResultsAt Week 24, the placebo‐adjusted least squares mean changes in HbA1c were −0.80% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.98% to −0.62%)/−8.7 mmol/mol (95% CI −10.7 mmol/mol to −6.8 mmol/mol) and −0.88% (95% CI −1.06% to −0.70%)/−9.6 mmol/mol (95% CI −11.6 mmol/mol to −7.7 mmol/mol), respectively (P < 0.001 for both). A higher proportion of patients achieved HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) with janagliflozin 25 mg and janagliflozin 50 mg compared with placebo (47.2%, 49.3%, and 23.5%, respectively). Both janagliflozin doses significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose, 2‐hour postprandial glucose, body weight and systolic blood pressure, as well as increased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and insulin sensitivity compared with placebo (P < 0.05 for all). The trends in improvement of these variables were sustained during the 28‐week extension period. Overall incidences of adverse events were 67.8%, 71.5% and 60.7% with janagliflozin 25 mg, janagliflozin 50 mg and placebo, respectively. The incidence of urinary tract infections and genital fungal infections was low. No severe hypoglycaemia or ketoacidosis occurred.ConclusionsJanagliflozin 25 mg and 50 mg monotherapy once‐daily effectively improved glycaemic control, reduced body weight and blood pressure, improved HDL cholesterol and insulin sensitivity, and was generally well tolerated.
The effect of phenotypic heterogeneity on behaviours linked to invasive success
Authors: Jessop Aaron , Deacon Amy , Barbosa Miguel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile most introduced species fail to become invasive, those that succeed are a major threat to global biodiversity. To improve the management of invasive species, a predictive understanding of invasion risk is needed. There is strong evidence that invasive success is linked to specific traits of the introduced species, and it is well recognised that phenotypic trait heterogeneity is linked to population viability. However, the effects of population‐level traits, and the contribution of trait heterogeneity to invasive success, remain poorly addressed in invasion biology. Here, we address this gap by quantifying the contribution of founding population phenotypic heterogeneity to reproductive success (a proxy for invasion success). Namely, we use the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata) to test the prediction that founding populations composed of phenotypically heterogeneous males produce larger broods of more viable offspring than founding populations of reduced male heterogeneity. We found that founding populations of greater male phenotypic heterogeneity produced larger broods. Furthermore, whilst male sexual behaviour was an important predictor of brood size for all groups of reduced male heterogeneity, this was not observed for phenotypically heterogeneous populations. Taken together, our results provide strong support for the key role phenotypic heterogeneity plays in the invasion process.
Outcomes following suicidal crisis among hazardous and harmful alcohol users in the Crisis Resolution Team
Authors: Robins John E. , Morley Katherine I. , Hayes Richard D. , Pritchard Megan , Kornblum Daisy , Kalk Nicola J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite associations between alcohol use and suicidal acts, little research measures prognoses of alcohol‐using patients treated by Crisis Resolution Teams (CRTs), an intensive community‐based intervention. We estimated the association of alcohol use amongst patients accepted following suicidal acts or ideation in four London‐based Crisis Resolution Teams, with death‐by‐any‐cause or recontact with crisis care. We analysed the electronic health records of 1615 CRT patients accepted following suicidal acts or ideation over 38 months, following STROBE guidelines. Using logistic regression we estimated the association of alcohol use (indicated by risk‐assessment, AUDIT, or ICD‐10 diagnosis) with death‐or‐recontact at (i) 30‐days and (ii) 1‐year after treatment start, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, psychiatric diagnosis, and severity of need. Hazardous, harmful, or dependent drinking was identified in 270 cases at baseline (16.7%); 73 (4.5%) were alcohol dependent. By 1‐year, 622 patients (38.5%) had recontacted crisis care or died. After adjustment, alcohol use at a hazardous, harmful, or dependent level was not associated with increased odds of death‐or‐recontact at 30‐days (AOR 1.17, 95%CI 0.73, 1.88) or 1‐year (AOR 1.17, 95%CI 0.85, 1.60). Patients with hazardous, harmful, and dependent alcohol use are a small proportion of CRT patients, despite being more commonly encountered in emergency settings from which patients may be referred to CRTs, indicating a potential gap in provision. Those who are included in CRTs are not at increased risk of death‐or‐recontact within 1 year of treatment, suggesting that their inclusion can work, at least in a sample with predominantly hazardous or harmful alcohol use.
The impact of board reforms on audit fees: International evidence
Authors: Kim Incheol , Kong Joon Ho , Yang Rong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigate whether and to what extent country‐level board reforms affect audit pricing decisions. We find audit fees are positively associated with board reforms. An increase in audit fees is more pronounced for firms that switched up to Big N auditors following board reforms. After board reforms, firms are less likely to issue restatements, and both analyst forecast accuracy and management forecast frequency increase, indicating improved audit quality and information transparency in the postreform period. Moreover, the positive relation between board reforms and audit fees is more evident for firms in countries that lack institutional governance mechanisms, captured by emerging capital markets, high political risk, weak governmental enforcement actions and low corporate governance quality. Overall, our findings broadly support the view that audit fees increase upon demand for better audit quality.
Simple radiologic assessment of visceral obesity and prediction of surgical morbidity in endometrial cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic aortic lymphadenectomy: A reliability and accuracy study
Authors: Correa‐Paris Alejandro , Gorraiz Ochoa Verónica , Hernandez Gutiérrez Alicia , Gilabert Estellés Juan , Díaz‐Feijoo Berta , Gil‐Moreno Antonio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the reliability of sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD)—a surrogate of visceral obesity—in magnetic resonance imaging, and its accuracy to predict the surgical morbidity of aortic lymphadenectomy.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter reliability (phase 1) and accuracy (phase 2) cohort study in three Spanish referral hospitals. We retrospectively analyzed data from the STELLA‐2 randomized controlled trial that included high‐risk endometrial cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical staging. Patients were classified into subgroups: conventional versus robotic‐assisted laparoscopy, and transperitoneal versus extraperitoneal technique. In the first phase, we measured the agreement of three SAD measurements (at the umbilicus, renal vein, and inferior mesenteric artery) and selected the most reliable one. In phase 2, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of SAD to predict surgical morbidity. Surgical morbidity was the main outcome measure, it was defined by a core outcome set including variables related to blood loss, operative time, surgical complications, and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy difficulty.ResultsIn phase 1, all measurements showed good inter‐rater and intra‐rater agreement. Umbilical SAD (u‐SAD) was the most reliable one. In phase 2, we included 136 patients. u‐SAD had a good diagnostic accuracy to predict surgical morbidity in patients undergoing transperitoneal laparoscopic lymphadenectomy (0.73 in ROC curve). It performed better than body mass index and other anthropometric measurements. We calculated a cut‐off point of 246 mm (sensitivity: 0.56, specificity: 0.80).Conclusionsu‐SAD is a simple, reliable, and potentially useful measurement to predict surgical morbidity in endometrial cancer patients undergoing minimally invasive surgical staging, especially when facing transperitoneal aortic lymphadenectomy.
Feasibility of delivering survivorship care via lay health educators: A pilot randomized controlled trial among rural cancer survivors
Authors: Duggan Catherine , Cushing‐Haugen Kara L. , Cole Allison M. , Allen Jeffrey , Gilles Ryan , Hornecker Jaime R. , Gutierrez Adrianna I. , Warner Jude , Baker K. Scott , Ceballos Rachel M. , Chow Eric J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeWe tested the feasibility of survivorship care plan (SCP) delivery with/without a lay health educator (LHE) telephone‐delivered information session among rural cancer survivors, and their effects on health‐related self‐efficacy and knowledge of cancer history.MethodsRandomized trial of cancer survivors from 3 rural oncology clinics featuring either SCP alone (control) or SCP plus LHE‐delivered information session (intervention). Participants completed a questionnaire on health‐related self‐efficacy and knowledge of cancer‐specific medical history. Responses were compared to medical records for accuracy. SCPs were then mailed to participants. Approximately 5 months later, participants completed a follow‐up questionnaire. A subset of participants took part in subsequent qualitative interviews about their study experience.FindingsOf 301 survivors approached, 72 (23.9%) were randomized (mean age 66.4 years; 3.1 years from diagnosis; 62.5% female), and 65 (90.3%) completed the study. Global mental and physical health or self‐efficacy scores did not change significantly from baseline to follow‐up for either group. In exploratory analyses, self‐efficacy increased in participants with inadequate/marginal health literacy in the intervention arm (+0.7, 95% CI = 0.1‐1.2; P = .01). Accuracy of knowledge did not improve but was high at baseline (mean 76.0±14.5%). 60.1% and 48.4% of control and intervention participants, respectively, found SCPs definitely/somewhat useful. Qualitative data (n = 20) suggested that SCPs were helpful to patients when primary and oncology care were less integrated.ConclusionsAn LHE‐delivered informational session was feasible but had limited benefit to rural cancer survivors versus delivery of SCP alone but may be of benefit to patients with low health literacy or with less integrated care.
Prognostic value of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Acar Burak , Celikyurt Umut , Agacdiken Aysen , Vural Ahmet 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective option in the treatment of patients with heart failure and wide QRS. Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) fibrosis score (NFS) has been shown to predict cardiac events in several patient populations. However, the relationship between NFS and response to CRT has not been investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the predictive role of NFS in the assessment of response after CRT.MethodsThree hundred thirty‐six patients with heart failure undergoing CRT were prospectively studied. Liver fibrosis were assessed according to the non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), which includes age, body mass index, impaired fasting glycemia or diabetes mellitus, aspartate aminotransferase /alanine aminotransferase ratio, platelets, and albumin. Echocardiographic response to CRT was defined by a ≥15% reduction in left ventricular end‐systolic volume at six months at follow‐up.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐eight patients (71%) had CRT response after 6 months of follow‐up. Receiver–operator characteristic curve analysis showed NFS cutoff value of < ‐1.12 for predicting CRT response with a sensitivity of 70.4% and a specificity of 52.9%. The patients were also divided into four groups according to the quartiles of NFS. The proportion of response to CRT was increased with lower level of NFS value. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the NFS score < ‐1.12 and LVIDs were independent predictors of the CRT response. In the second model of analysis which included NFS, quartiles demonstrated that fourth NFS quartile and LVIDs were independent predictors of CRT response.ConclusionLiver fibrosis assessed by NFS can provide valuable information to predict reverse remodeling in patients undergoing CRT. The present study supports monitoring of NFS to improve preoperative risk stratification of these patients.