bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospects for Machine Learning Activity within the United States National Weather Service
Authors: Roebber Paul J. , Smith Stephan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The National Weather Service (NWS) Office of Science and Technology Integration commissioned a report to assess the status of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) activity within the agency with a view toward identifying existing obstacles and recommending future directions. The purpose of this essay is to communicate the steps that the NWS plans to take to realize the potential benefits of AI in operations. AI activities are growing rapidly within atmospheric sciences, and the NWS is part of this growth. However, the activity is fragmented and lacks the needed infrastructure for improved coordination of effort. Current obstacles to progress include insufficient workforce training in AI/ML, a lack of curated datasets and software that can be used for development and evaluation of these approaches, the absence of a centralized clearing house available to NWS personnel for technical expertise and consultation, limited operational compute resources, and a lack of a clear end-to-end project pathway that encompasses exploration, development, testbed/proving ground, and operational implementation. These limitations are addressable. Training materials specific to NWS interests can be developed through collaboration with existing NOAA centers. Establishing a reference library staffed with AI/ML consultants tasked with collaborating with operational units would reduce siloed efforts and enhance productivity. Establishing funding vehicles for theme-based projects with a sustainable pathway through operational implementation would help bridge the research-to-operations “valley of death.” Given the growth of AI/ML across the U.S. Weather Enterprise and the already substantial involvement of academic and private sector entities, these developments within the NWS will be of interest to the atmospheric science field.
Comparative Performance of Radar, Laser, and Waverider Buoy Measurements of Ocean Waves. Part II: Time-Domain Analysis
Authors: Jangir Pramod Kumar , Ewans Kevin C. , Young Ian R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Accurate measurements of ocean waves underpin efficient offshore operations and optimal offshore structure design, helping to ensure the offshore industry can operate both safely and economically. Popular instruments used by the offshore industry are the Rosemount WaveRadar (Radar) and the Waverider Buoy. The Optech Laser has been used at some locations for specific studies. Recent reports indicate systematic differences of order 10% among the wave measurements made by these instruments. This paper examines the relative performance of these instruments based upon various time-domain comparisons, including results from a quality control (QC) procedure, capabilities of measuring the wave surface profile (skewness), and crest heights for varying wind sea and swell conditions. The QC check provides good-quality data that can be further investigated with an assurance of error-free data, suggesting that the Waverider produces the best-quality data with the lowest failure rate compared to the Laser and Radar. A significant number of the Waverider surface elevation records have negative skewness, particularly at higher sea states, affecting its crest height measurements, which are lower than those from the Laser and Radar. Additionally, the significant wave height (H1/3) estimates of the Radar are lower than the Laser and Waverider, but its zero-crossing wave periods (TZ), on average, are longer than the Laser and the Waverider. The significant heights (H1/3) of Laser and Waverider are in good agreement for all three datasets, but the Waverider’s zero-crossing wave period (TZ) estimates are significantly longer than the Laser.
A Framework for Comparisons of Downburst Precursor Observations Using an All-Digital Phased-Array Weather Radar
Authors: Pearson Connor , Yu Tian-You , Bodine David , Torres Sebastian , Reinhart Anthony 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Downbursts are rapidly evolving meteorological phenomena with numerous vertically oriented precursor signatures, and the temporal resolution and vertical sampling of the current NEXRAD system are too coarse to observe their evolution and precursor signatures properly. A future all-digital polarimetric phased-array weather radar (PAR) should be able to improve both temporal resolution and spatial sampling of the atmosphere to provide better observations of rapidly evolving hazards such as downbursts. Previous work has been focused on understanding the trade-offs associated with using various scanning techniques on stationary PARs; however, a rotating, polarimetric PAR (RPAR) is a more feasible and cost-effective candidate. Thus, understanding the trade-offs associated with using various scanning techniques on an RPAR is vital in learning how to best observe downbursts with such a system. This work develops a framework for analyzing the trade-offs associated with different scanning strategies in the observation of downbursts and their precursor signatures. A proof-of-concept analysis—which uses a Cloud Model 1 (CM1)-simulated downburst-producing thunderstorm—is also performed with both conventional and imaging scanning strategies in an adaptive scanning framework to show the potential value and feasibility of the framework. Preliminary results from the proof-of-concept analysis indicate that there is indeed a limit to the benefits of imaging as an update time speedup method. As imaging is used to achieve larger speedup factors, corresponding data degradation begins to hinder the observations of various precursor signatures.
Massive Apixaban Overdose Confirmed with Blood Concentrations and Managed Without Bleeding: A Single Case Report
Authors: Harmouche Elie , Stueve Peter , Howland Mary Ann , Su Mark K 
Published: May 2023

Background: Acute overdoses of apixaban, and other direct oral anticoagulants are relatively uncommon. The number of direct oral anticoagulants prescriptions in the United States is increasing, however reports on patient outcomes after documented overdose are sparse. Case report: A 76-year-old man with a past medical history of atrial fibrillation and taking apixaban 5 mg twice daily presented to the emergency department 10 hours after reportedly ingesting 60-70 of his pills. He was alert and had a normal physical examination. Blood tests demonstrated an INR of 12, platelets of 161 000 cells/mm3, hemoglobin 9.7 g/dL, and creatinine 1.81 mg/dL. He received 60 g of activated charcoal and 4 units of fresh frozen plasma prophylactically. Initial blood apixaban concentration was 4 000 ng/mL. Repeat blood apixaban concentrations were 3 000 ng/mL and 2 200 ng/mL at 7 and 14 hours, respectively (thrapeutic range 91-321 ng/mL for a 5 mg twice daily dose). The hybrid anti-factor Xa activity did not correlate with blood apixaban concentrations. Apixaban elimination followed first-order kinetics with an apparent elimination half-life of 14 hours in the presence of impaired renal function. He did not have any minor or major bleeding events.
COVID-19 medicare benefits schedule telehealth for private psychiatric outpatient care in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Hewa Koneputugodage Evani , Reay Rebecca E , Looi Jeffrey CL 
Published: May 2023

Objective We explore telehealth use by private psychiatrists in Victoria during the first 12 months of COVID-19, in the context of: COVID-19 case numbers and restrictions; telehealth use in Victoria compared to national use; telehealth and face-to-face consultations during the first 12 months of COVID-19 compared to face-to-face consultations in the 12 months pre-COVID-19. Method Outpatient psychiatric face-to-face and telehealth consultations, from March 2020 to February 2021 in Victoria, were analysed using face-to-face consultations from March 2019 to February 2020 as a comparison group, and compared to national telehealth use and trends in COVID-19 case rates. Results Total psychiatric consultations increased by 16% from March 2020 to February 2021. Telehealth compromised 56% of total, peaking at 70% of consultations in August during the height of COVID-19 cases. Thirty-three percent of total consultations and 59% of telehealth consultations were via telephone. Telehealth consultations per capita in Victoria were consistently lower than the overall Australian level. Conclusion Telehealth usage during the first 12 months of COVID-19 in Victoria suggests it is a feasible alternative to face-to-face treatment. Telehealth-mediated increases in psychiatric consultations likely indicates an increased psychosocial need for support.
Comparison of Total Ankle Replacement and Ankle Arthrodesis for Ankle Arthropathy in Patients With Bleeding Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Arthur Rodney Y. , Mihas Alexander K. , Harris James , Reed Logan A. , Billings Rebecca , Patch David A. , Spitler Clay A. , Johnson Michael D. 
Published: May 2023

Background: There is limited literature comparing the publications on ankle arthrodesis (AA) and total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) in the setting of hemophilic arthropathy. Our objective is to systematically review the existing literature and to assess ankle arthroplasty as an alternative to ankle arthrodesis in this patient population. Methods: This systematic review was conducted and presented according to the PRISMA statement standards. A search was conducted on March 7-10, 2023, using MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies. This search was restricted to full-text human studies published in English, and articles were screened by 2 masked reviewers. Systematic reviews, case reports with less than 3 subjects, letters to the editor, and conference abstracts were excluded. Two independent reviewers rated study quality using the MINORS tool. Results: Twenty-one of 1226 studies were included in this review. Thirteen articles reviewed the outcomes associated with AA in hemophilic arthropathy whereas 10 reviewed the outcomes associated with TAA. Two of our studies were comparative and reviewed the outcomes of both AA and TAA. Additionally, 3 included studies were prospective. Studies showed that the degree of improvement in American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society hindfoot-ankle score, visual analog scale pain scores, and the mental and physical component summary scores of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey were similar for both surgeries. Complication rates were also similar between the 2 surgeries. Additionally, studies showed a significant improvement in ROM after TAA. Conclusion: Although the level of evidence in this review varies and results should be interpreted with caution, the current literature suggests similar clinical outcomes and complication rates between TAA and AA in this patient population.
Survey: Preferred practice patterns in the diagnosis of mucous membrane pemphigoid amongst cornea specialists
Authors: Moussa Sarah , Tong Maya , Robert Marie-Claude , Harissi-Dagher Mona , Ahmad Sajjad , Jabbour Samir 
Published: May 2023

Purpose To evaluate preferred diagnostic tools and treatment decision-making factors in cases suspicious of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) amongst ophthalmologists and cornea specialists. Methods Web-based survey, consisting of 14 multiple choice questions, posted to the Cornea Society Listserv Keranet, the Canadian Ophthalmological Society Cornea Listserv, and the Bowman Club Listserv. Results One hundred and thirty-eight ophthalmologists participated in the survey. Eighty-six percent (86%) of respondents were cornea trained and practiced in either North America or Europe (83%). Most respondents (72%) routinely perform conjunctival biopsies for all suspicious cases of MMP. For those who do not, fear that biopsy will exacerbate inflammation was the most common reason to defer investigation (47%). Seventy-one percent (71%) performed biopsies from perilesional sites. Ninety-seven percent (97%) ask for direct (DIF) studies and 60% for histopathology in formalin. Most do not recommend biopsy at other non-ocular sites (75%), nor do they perform indirect immunofluorescence for serum autoantibodies (68%). Immune-modulatory therapy is started following positive biopsy results for most (66%), albeit most (62%) would not let a negative DIF influence the choice of starting treatment should there be clinical suspicion of MMP. Differences in practice patterns as they relate to level of experience and geographical location are contrasted to the most up-to-date available guidelines. Conclusion Responses to the survey suggest that there is heterogeneity in certain practice patterns for MMP. Biopsy remains an area of controversy in dictating treatment plans. Identified areas of need should be targeted in future research.
Effect of using client-accessible youth health records on experienced autonomy among parents and adolescents in preventive child healthcare and youth care: A mixed methods intervention study
Authors: Benjamins Janine , de Vet Emely , Jordaan Gerlinde , Haveman-Nies Annemien 
Published: May 2023

Client autonomy is important in Dutch youth care. It correlates positively with mental and physical health and can be strengthened by professional autonomy-supportive behaviour. Aiming for client autonomy, three youth care organisations co-developed a client-accessible youth health record (EPR-Youth). Currently, limited research is available on how client-accessible records contribute to adolescent autonomy. We investigated whether EPR-Youth strengthened client autonomy and whether professional autonomy-supportive behaviour reinforced this effect. A mixed methods design combined baseline and follow-up questionnaires with focus group interviews. Different client groups completed questionnaires about autonomy at baseline ( n = 1404) and after 12 months ( n = 1003). Professionals completed questionnaires about autonomy-supportive behaviour at baseline ( n = 100, 82%), after 5 months ( n = 57, 57%) and after 24 months ( n = 110, 89%). After 14 months, focus group interviews were conducted with clients ( n = 12) and professionals ( n = 12). Findings show that clients using EPR-Youth experienced more autonomy than non-users. this effect was stronger among adolescents aged 16 and older than among younger adolescents. Professional autonomy-supporting behaviour did not change over time. However, clients reported that professional autonomy-supporting behaviour contributed to client autonomy, emphasising that professional attitude needs addressing during implementation of client-accessible records. Follow-up research with paired data needs to strengthen the association between using client-accessible records and autonomy.
Convergence of community social work practice, collective impact, and design thinking: What, why, and how?
Authors: Mandayam Gokul , Nandan Monica , Bowen Elizabeth 
Published: May 2023

Summary Social workers engage with marginalized communities impacted by challenges that are intensely complex and dynamic. This necessitates designing strategies and interventions that are sustainable, effective, nonduplicative and collaborative across systems and organizations. This article aims to provide a synthesis of three frameworks that can intersect to facilitate systems-level change: community practice, collective impact, and design thinking. Each framework provides unique contributions for bolstering contemporary macro social work practice. Findings The article provides an overview of the three frameworks and their distinctive features, limitations, and points of intersection. The integration of community practice with collective impact and design thinking frameworks for enabling social workers to come up with innovative solutions that include diverse stakeholder perspectives is elucidated with a case example. Application The article specifies the implications of integrating community practice, collective impact, and design thinking for further strengthening social work practice, education, and research.
Are Thiol/Disulfide and 8-OHdG Levels in the Blood of Patients with Diabetic Foot a Risk Factor for Amputation?
Authors: İnce Kamil , Güner Savaş , Büyükbebeci Ayşegül , İnce Nursima 
Published: May 2023

Objective As diabetic patients live longer and there are more effective treatments available, the incidence of diabetes and its complications is increasing. The effects of oxidative stress and antioxidant processes on diabetes behavior, especially diabetic foot, are really direct. The goal of this research is to investigate the effects of oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanism on the outcome of amputation by examining the levels of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and thiol/disulfide in the blood of patients diagnosed with diabetic foot. Methods The research consisted of 76 patients with type 2 diabetes with associated diabetic foot, ages 40–65 (51 men, 25 women). Patients with diabetic foot wounds and accompanying peripheral artery disease were not included in the study. After a mean follow-up of 9.6 months, 28 patients resulted in amputation. Between patients who required amputation and those who did not, the levels of 8-OHdG, native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, native thiol/total thiol ratio, disulfide/native thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio were compared. Additionally, the age, sex, Wagner stage, and amputation outcome of these 2 patient groups were compared. Results The outcomes of amputation in diabetic foot patients were not related to the levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, native thiol/total thiol ratio, disulfide/native thiol ratio, total thiol/disulfide ratio, or 8-OHdG ( P > .05). However, patients with diabetic foot who were male, older, and at a more advanced Wagner stage had a higher rate of amputations ( P < .05). Conclusion Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanism are effective on diabetes complications. However, since there are many factors affecting the outcome of amputation, they are not directly effective in terms of resulting amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer.
Reducing the carbon footprint in carpal tunnel surgery inside the operating room with a lean and green model: a comparative study
Authors: Kodumuri Preetham , Jesudason Edwin Prash , Lees Vivien 
Published: May 2023

The primary aim of our study was to assess the environmental impact of moving from a standard to a lean and green model for a carpal tunnel decompression. We objectively measured the clinical waste generated, the number of single use items and the number of sterile instruments required for a standard procedure, and then moved to smaller instrument trays, smaller drapes and fewer disposables. These two models were compared for waste generation, financial costs and carbon footprint. Information prospectively collected on seven patients in the standard model and 103 patients in the lean and green model in two hospitals over a 15-month period, demonstrated a reduction in CO2 emissions of 80%, clinical waste reduction of 65%, and an average aggregate cost saving of 66%. The lean and green model can deliver a safe, efficient, cost-effective and sustainable service for patients undergoing carpal tunnel decompression. Level of evidence: III
Food Insecurity Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Type 2 Diabetes: Implications for Diabetes Care and Education Specialists
Authors: Massey McKayla , Zhong YunYing , LaManna Jacqueline B. , Ng Boon Peng 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine factors associated with food insecurity among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The 2019 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey Public Use File of beneficiaries ≥65 years old with type 2 diabetes (n = 1343) was analyzed. A binary variable was created to represent food insecurity (1 = food insecurity, 0 = without food insecurity) with ≥2 affirmative responses adapting an established algorithm of the United States Department of Agriculture food insecurity questionnaire. A survey-weighted logistic model was performed to examine factors (ie, sociodemographic characteristics, health status, and insurance coverage) associated with food insecurity. Results: Approximately 11.6% of study Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes reported food insecurity. Non-Hispanic Black beneficiaries were more likely to report food insecurity than non-Hispanic White beneficiaries. Beneficiaries with incomes < $25 000 were more likely to report food insecurity than those with higher incomes. Beneficiaries enrolled in Medicare Advantage programs (vs traditional Medicare), having Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibility (vs nondual), and living with instrumental activities of daily living or activities of daily living limitations (vs without) were also more likely to report food insecurity than their respective counterparts. Conclusions: Sociodemographic disparities in food insecurity were observed among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes. Implementation of screening protocols, interventions related to social determinants of health, and the diabetes care continuum may mitigate the prevalence of food insecurity in this demographic.
Regional testing of triploid hybrid clones of populus tomentosa
Authors: Li Liang , Du Jiahua , Ma Lexun , Ding Changjun , Zhang Pingdong , Kang Xiangyang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Triploid Populus tomentosa, a timber tree species, has been widely planted in northern China owing to its potential high yields and high wood quality. Though genetic variances in growth traits and wood properties have been reported across several planting sites, regional testing of triploid hybrid clones of P. tomentosa has not been conducted on a large scale.

Results
Ten 5-year clonal trials were used to evaluate the inheritance of growth traits, to determine suitable deployment zones, and to identify optimal triploid clones at each experimental site to determine the clones that would be suitable at all sites. A total of 2,430 trees from nine triploid hybrid clones were sampled during the ten trials. The clonal and site effects and clone × site interactions were highly significant (P < 0.001) for all the studied growth and yield traits. The estimated repeatability of means for diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height (H) was 0.83, which was slightly higher than for stem volume (SV) and estimated stand volume (ESV) (0.78). The Weixian (WX), Gaotang (GT), and Yanzhou (YZ) sites were each considered to be suitable deployment zones, and the Zhengzhou (ZZ), Taiyuan (TY), Pinggu (PG), and Xiangfen (XF) sites were found to be the optimal deployment zones. The TY and ZZ sites were the best discriminative environments, and the GT and XF sites were the best representative environments. GGE pilot analysis revealed that yield performance and stability were significantly different among all the studied triploid hybrid clones across the ten test sites. It was therefore necessary to develop a suitable triploid hybrid clone that could do well at each site. Taking into account both yield performance and stability, the triploid hybrid clone S2 was determined to be an ideal genotype.

Conclusions
For triploid hybrid clones, the WX, GT, and YZ sites represented suitable deployment zones and the ZZ, TY, PG, and XF sites represented optimal deployment zones. Yield performance and stability were significantly different among all the studied triploid hybrid clones across the ten test sites. Developing a suitable triploid hybrid clone that could do well at all sites was therefore desirable.