bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing plant species composition of green roofs for ecological functionality and biodiversity conservation
Authors: Frisk Carl A. , Hanslin Hans Martin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGreen roofs provide vital functions within the urban ecosystem, from supporting biodiversity, to sustainable climate-positive ESS provisioning. However, how plant communities should best be designed to reach these objectives, and how specific green roof systems vary in their capacity to support these functions is not well understood. Here we compiled data on plant traits and plant–insect interaction networks of a regional calcareous grassland species pool to explore how designed plant communities could be optimised to contribute to ecological functionality for predefined green roof solutions. Five distinct systems with practical functionality and physical constraints were designed, plant communities modelled using object-based optimization algorithms and evaluated using five ecological functionality metrics (incl. phylogenetic and structural diversity). Our system plant communities supported a range of plant–insect interactions on green roofs, but not all species were equally beneficial, resulting in wide-ranging essentiality and redundancy in ecological processes. Floral traits were not predictive of pollinator preferences, but phylogeny was observed to govern the preferences. Large differences in ecological functionality can be expected between green roofs depending on system design and the extent of the plant community composition. Multifunctionality covariance diverged between systems, suggesting that ecological functionality is not inherently universal but dependent on structural limitations and species pool interactions. We conclude that informed system design has a potential to simultaneously support ecosystem services and urban biodiversity conservation by optimising green roof plant communities to provide landscape resources for pollinating insects and herbivores.
Free Will’s Limits
Authors: Elzein Nadine 
Published: January 2025

AbstractJohn Lemos argues persuasively that libertarian free will is required for moral desert, that we may have free will, and that even if we have doubts, we should retain the assumption of desert, given its importance to essential values, such as justice, dignity, love, and pride. While sharing his optimism about the possibility of free will, I challenge two claims: The claim that we can confidently attribute responsibility for actions to agents across the board on the basis that each agent has some opportunity to shape their own characters, and the claim that if we cannot appeal to desert, we would have reason to lower evidentiary standards, as a way of keeping the most vulnerable safe from crime.
Cancer Detection Using Artificial Intelligence: A Paradigm in Early Diagnosis
Authors: Bulusu Gayathri , Vidyasagar K. E. Ch , Mudigonda Malini , Saikia Manob Jyoti 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCancer detection has long been a continuous key performer in oncological research. The revolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and its application in the field of cancer turned out to be more promising in the recent years. This paper provides a detailed review of the various aspects of AI in different cancers and their staging. The role of AI in interpreting and processing the imaging data, its accuracy and sensitivity to detect the tumors is examined. The images obtained through imaging modalities like MRI, CT, ultrasound etc. are considered in this review. Further the review highlights the implementation of AI algorithms in 12 types of cancers like breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer etc. as discussed in the recent oncological studies. The review served to summarize the challenges involved with AI application. It revealed the efficacy of AI in detecting the region, size, and grade of cancer. While CT and ultrasound proved to be the ideal imaging modalities for cancer detection, MRI was helpful for cancer staging. The review bestows a roadmap to fully utilize the potential of AI in early cancer detection and staging to enhance patient survival.
Hot Phases Cardiomyopathy: Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Challenges, and Emerging Therapies
Authors: Bassetto Giulia , Angriman Federico , Gava Carola Pio Loco detto , Paldino Alessia , Perotto Maria , Bordignon Luca , Gigli Marta , Ferro Matteo Dal , Massa Laura , Altinier Alessandro , De Luca Antonio , Sinagra Gianfranco , Merlo Marco 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Hot phases are a challenging clinical presentation in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), marked by acute chest pain and elevated cardiac troponins in the absence of obstructive coronary disease. These episodes manifest as myocarditis and primarily affect young patients, contributing to a heightened risk of life-threatening arrhythmias and potential disease progression. This review aims to synthesize recent research on the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic management of hot phases in ACM.

Recent Findings
Hot phases have been linked to genetic mutations, particularly in desmosomal proteins such as Desmoplakin (DSP). Diagnostic challenges include differentiating hot phases from isolated acute myocarditis, through identification of red flags and a multimodal approach, including CMR, FDG-PET, endomyocardial biopsy and genetic testing. Emerging therapies, such as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory treatments, show promise in managing hot-phase episodes.

Summary
Hot phases in ACM present a significant risk for arrhythmias and disease progression, necessitating a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic management. A multimodal diagnostic approach is essential for accurate diagnosis, but further research is needed to refine these strategies and improve prognosis for affected patients.
Evaluation of EU-27 countries as manufacturing location: strengths and weaknesses model
Authors: Hilmola Olli-Pekka , Li Haihan , Hilletofth Per , Fjellström Daniella 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the recent years there has been an increased interest towards relocating manufacturing back to Europe. Consequently, it becomes important to develop evaluation models of manufacturing location. We use secondary data to establish model for European Union 27 (EU-27) countries. Findings reveal in pairwise model comparison, that larger European countries seem to be the best locations in general (France, Germany, Italy, and Spain), however, few smaller countries perform high as well (like Ireland, Sweden, Luxemburg and Finland). In general, small member countries have the lowest performance. Typically, these are weak in population and severance pay terms. Lower-performing countries often also miss the larger role of medical and pharmaceutical industry within exports. Results were compared to classical rank-based evaluation. We did find some differences, and it could be said that larger countries lost their higher status, but Ireland and Sweden were still in highest ranks.
Does time perspective affect the association between childhood traumas and post-traumatic growth?
Authors: Gökkaya Füsun , Yurdalan Fatih , Çıvgın Umut 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTime perspective is a concept that elucidates the manner in which individuals assess the present, past, and future. In the relevant literature, trauma and trauma-related issues have been matched to time perspective. In particular, there are conflicting findings regarding post-traumatic growth. The objective of the research is to investigate the mediator role of time perspective in the relationship between childhood traumas and post-traumatic growth. Based on this, it is predicted that early traumas and post-traumatic growth will be related to time perspective and proposed relationship will have important consequences for literature and clinicians. For this purpose, 676 participants were included, and the survey set was presented to the participants. Pearson correlation and mediation were performed. Results showed that there is a only significant relationship between emotional neglect and post-traumatic growth, while there is no relationship between the other sub-dimensions of childhood traumas and post-traumatic growth. As a result of the mediation analysis conducted, it was seen that time perspectives played a mediator role between emotional neglect and post-traumatic growth. The results obtained were discussed within the framework of the related literature and suggestions for future studies were presented.
Ezetimibe Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Tablets: Response Surface Methodology, In-vitro Characterization, and Pharmacokinetics Study in Rats
Authors: Elkhayat Dalia , Abdelmalak Nevine S. , Amer Reham , Awad Heba H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to overcome the poor oral bioavailability of ezetimibe (EZ), a selective Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II cholesterol absorption inhibitor drug. EZ-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (EZ-NLCs) were dried by lyophilization and incorporated in a convenient oral solid dosage form to enhance its dissolution, and absorption and increase patient compliance. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to systematically optimize formulation variables, improving the efficiency of disintegration and drug release characteristics.

Methods
RSM was adopted to study the effects of (A) increasing the amount of the super-disintegrant, crosscarmelose sodium, (CCS), and (B) varying the ratio between the used drying excipients Avicel and mannitol (A: M) on the disintegration time (R1), and the percentage drug released after 24 h (R2). Thirteen EZ-NLCs tablets were prepared and subjected to pre-compression and post-compression evaluation. Furthermore, a bioequivalence study was conducted by administering EZ-NLCs and ezetrol® tablets to Sprague Dawley male rats.

Results
The optimized EZ-NLCs tablet (prepared with the ratio of Avicel: mannitol (7.5:0) using 30 mg CCS), revealed a disintegration time of 3.85 ± 0.03 min, and 98 ± 3.09% of the drug were released at the end of the 24 h. EZ-NLCs tablet displayed a maximum concentration (Cmax) of 3.57 ± 0.27 ng/mL and an area under the curve (AUC0− 24) of 22.44 ± 2.68 ng.hr/mL, while those of ezetrol® were 2.79 ± 0.15 ng/mL and 15.36 ± 0.86 ng.hr/mL, respectively.

Conclusion
The assessed relative bioavailability demonstrated the superiority of EZ-NLCs tablet over ezetrol® with 1.5 fold improvement which proves that EZ-NLCs tablet could be a good candidate to enhance the oral bioavailability of EZ.

Graphical Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis und die Brücke zwischen Parodontologie und Rheumatologie
Authors: Schwab Julia , Puchner Rudolf 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie beiden chronisch-entzündlichen Erkrankungen rheumatoide Arthritis (RA) und Parodontitis (PA) stehen schon seit geraumer Zeit unter dem Verdacht, in unmittelbarem bilateralem Zusammenhang zu stehen. Aktuelle wissenschaftliche Literatur zeigt mögliche Parallelen in der Pathogenese und Therapie beider Krankheiten auf und diskutiert konkret kausale Zusammenhänge. Dabei steht neben genetischen Faktoren, Immun- und Umweltveränderungen der Parodontalkeim Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) im Zentrum. Das Bakterium P. gingivalis führt über verschiedene molekularbiologische Mechanismen zur Antikörperproduktion. Zu diesen Mechanismen zählen: Bildung zitrullinierter Proteine, Gingipaine, die Carbamylierung von Proteinen und Malondialdehyd-Acetaldehyd-Addukt-Formation. Gebildete Autoantikörper können schließlich zur Destruktion von Gewebe im Gelenk sowie im Parodont (dem Zahnhalteapparat) führen. Neben der Pathogenese der beiden Erkrankungen scheinen sich auch Therapien beider Erkrankungen gegenseitig positiv zu beeinflussen, weshalb eine interdisziplinäre Kommunikation zwischen Rheumatologie und Parodontologie sinnvoll und wünschenswert wäre, um den Verlauf beider Krankheiten mitzuverfolgen und abzuschätzen, ob Therapieversuche anschlagen. Somit würde die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Rheumatologie und Zahnmedizin einen wichtigen Schritt weiter in Richtung personalisierter Medizin – die Medizin der Zukunft – darstellen.
Emerging trends in long-acting sustained drug delivery for glaucoma management
Authors: So Yin Ho , Mishra Deepakkumar , Gite Sandip , Sonawane Rahul , Waite David , Shaikh Rahamatullah , Vora Lalitkumar K. , Thakur Raghu Raj Singh 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlaucoma is an optic neuropathy in which progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve leads to irreversible visual loss. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness. The pathogenesis of glaucoma is determined by different pathogenetic mechanisms, including increased intraocular pressure, mechanical stress, excitotoxicity, resistance to aqueous drainage and oxidative stress. Topical formulations are often used in glaucoma treatment, whereas surgical measures are used in acute glaucoma cases. For most patients, long-term glaucoma treatments are given. Poor patient compliance and low bioavailability are often associated with topical therapy, which suggests that sustained-release, long-acting drug delivery systems could be beneficial in managing glaucoma. This review summarizes the eye’s physiology, the pathogenesis of glaucoma, current treatments, including both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, and recent advances in long-acting drug delivery systems for the treatment of glaucoma.
Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed potential mechanisms of Anchusa italica Retz. in alleviating cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury via Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation
Authors: Tan Wenta , Fu Shuo , Wang Yufei , Hu Bojun , Ding Guiquan , Zhang Li , Zhang Wen , Du Guanhua , Song Junke 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnchusa italica Retz. (AIR), a traditional herbal remedy, is commonly applied in managing heart and brain disorders. However, its specific function and mechanism in acute cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) are not fully understood. This research focused on the interventional effects and potential mechanisms of AIR extract (AIRE) in a rat model of CIRI. The model was established using the filament occlusion method, which involved blocking the middle cerebral artery for 1.5 h and then removing the filament to restore blood flow. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to explore the molecular pathways and metabolites affected by AIRE. ATP level was measured using an ATP assay kit. Additionally, RT-qPCR and western blot tests were conducted to evaluate the influence of AIRE on the Wnt signaling pathway and mitochondrial function. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that AIRE regulated the Wnt signaling pathway in CIRI and modulated metabolites associated with mitochondrial energy metabolism, such as citrate and succinate. ATP assay result demonstrated that AIRE enhanced ATP production in CIRI. Further, RT-qPCR and western blot analyses revealed that AIRE activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and corrected mitochondrial dysfunction. These results proposed that AIRE mitigated mitochondrial energy metabolism deficits in CIRI via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. By restoring the balance of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, AIRE might offer a potentially therapeutic strategy for addressing CIRI.
Graphical Abstract
A systematic literature review on payment methods in hospitality and tourism
Authors: Wang Ruoyuan , Chan Chung-Shing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPayment methods have been undergoing a series of developments and changes in recent years due to technological innovations, policy support, and epidemics. This literature review comprehensively examines 265 articles on payment methods over the past decade from various perspectives (consumer, technology, merchant, meso-macro, etc.), focusing on research within the hospitality and tourism sector. Our review indicates that while research on payment methods in the hospitality and tourism field is less extensive than in other domains, it covers a wide range of topics. The most prevalent scenarios for payment methods in hospitality and tourism include restaurants, hotels, transportation, medical tourism, and the sustainability of payment methods. Among these, mobile payments are extensively explored, and digital currencies (including cryptocurrencies and Central Bank Digital Currency) are poised to be the next innovation in payment methods within the hospitality and tourism sector. Although biometric payments have received less attention, the growing habit of using biometrics (fingerprints, face recognition) to unlock personal devices is helping to promote this payment method. Additionally, this study identifies areas for future research focus and direction for scholars while providing both theoretical and practical contributions.
Agent-Based Models of Virus Infection
Authors: Steinhöfel Kathleen K. , Heslop David , MacIntyre C. Raina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Agent-based modelling (ABM) is a robust computational tool for investigating the dynamics of infectious disease spread and evaluating intervention strategies. This review paper gives an overview of the recent literature on ABM applications in predicting and simulating the spread of infectious diseases in populations.

Recent Findings
Latest models incorporate the impact of vaccination rates and intervention strategies. Despite inherent limitations such as data constraints and model simplifications, ABM offers valuable insights into the complex interplay of individual behaviours and population-level outcomes. Understanding these dynamics facilitates evidence-based decision-making in public health, guiding the development of tailored strategies to control infectious disease outbreaks and improve population health outcomes.

Summary
The review highlights developments in the area of ABM, providing an overview of the latest extensions and applications of these models in the field of virus infection. The focus is on how recent advances in computer technology enable more detailed modelling, pushing the boundaries of computational limitations to allow for more detailed simulations. Examples are given to demonstrate how these new insights have impacted the decision-making process.
Photolithographic Microfabrication of Microbatteries for On-Chip Energy Storage
Authors: Ma Yuan , Wang Sen , Wu Zhong-Shuai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicrobatteries (MBs) are crucial to power miniaturized devices for the Internet of Things. In the evolutionary journey of MBs, fabrication technology emerges as the cornerstone, guiding the intricacies of their configuration designs, ensuring precision, and facilitating scalability for mass production. Photolithography stands out as an ideal technology, leveraging its unparalleled resolution, exceptional design flexibility, and entrenched position within the mature semiconductor industry. However, comprehensive reviews on its application in MB development remain scarce. This review aims to bridge that gap by thoroughly assessing the recent status and promising prospects of photolithographic microfabrication for MBs. Firstly, we delve into the fundamental principles and step-by-step procedures of photolithography, offering a nuanced understanding of its operational mechanisms and the criteria for photoresist selection. Subsequently, we highlighted the specific roles of photolithography in the fabrication of MBs, including its utilization as a template for creating miniaturized micropatterns, a protective layer during the etching process, a mold for soft lithography, a constituent of MB active component, and a sacrificial layer in the construction of micro-Swiss-roll structure. Finally, the review concludes with a summary of the key challenges and future perspectives of MBs fabricated by photolithography, providing comprehensive insights and sparking research inspiration in this field.
Selecting Relevant Features for Random Forest-Based Crop Type Classifications by Spatial Assessments of Backward Feature Reduction
Authors: Mahmood Talha , Usman Muhammad , Conrad Christopher 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRandom Forest (RF) is a widely used machine learning algorithm for crop type mapping. RF’s variable importance aids in dimension reduction and identifying relevant multisource hyperspectral data. In this study, we examined spatial effects in a sequential backward feature elimination setting using RF variable importance in the example of a large-scale irrigation system in Punjab, Pakistan. We generated a reference classification with RF applied to 122 SAR and optical features from time series data of Sentinel‑1 and Sentinel‑2, respectively. We ranked features based on variable importance and iteratively repeated the classification by excluding the least important feature, assessing its agreement with the reference classification. McNemar’s test identified the critical point where feature reduction significantly affected the RF model’s predictions. Additionally, spatial assessment metrics were monitored at the pixel level, including spatial confidence (number of classifications agreeing with the reference map) and spatial instability (number of classes occurring during feature reduction). This process was repeated 10 times with ten distinct stratified random sampling splits, which showed similar variable rankings and critical points. In particular, VH SAR data was selected when cloud-free optical observations were unavailable. Omitting 80% of the features resulted in an insignificant loss of only 2% overall accuracy, while spatial confidence decreased by 5%. Moreover, the crop map at the critical point exhibited an increase in spatial instability from a single crop to 1.28. McNemar’s test and the spatial assessment metrics are recommended for optimized feature reduction benchmarks and identifying areas requiring additional ground data to improve the results.