bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of
5-fluorouracil-dithiocarbamate Conjugates
Authors: Zhan Yifeng , Wang Youyun , He Shibo , Zhu Hongda , Guo Huiling , Sun Hongmei , Liu Mingxing 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Novel anti-tumor bioactivity compounds were designed by the strategy of modular
hybridization with the bioactivity advantages of 5-fluorouracil and dithiocarbamate derivatives.

Methods:
A series of novel 5-fluorouracil-dithiocarbamate conjugates were synthesized, characterized
and evaluated for their cytotoxic activities in vitro against B16, Hela and U87MG by MTT assay. Colonyformation,
transwell migration, cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution assays were performed to explore
the anti-tumor activities and mechanism of conjugates for compounds P3 and P4. Conjugates, dithiocarbamate
derivatives combined with copper ions and 5-fluorouracil were investigated by molecular docking.

Results:
The results of cytotoxicity assays illuminated that these conjugates had anti-tumor activity
against B16, Hela and U87MG. Interestingly, the cytotoxicity of these conjugates was significantly increased
when combined with copper ions, and compound P3 displayed better bioactivity compared to the
other compounds. Conjugates might be metabolized in the cells to produce dithiocarbamates, and then
metabolites formed complexes with copper ions, generating better anti-tumor effects. Molecular docking
studies exhibited that compound P3 appeared the strongest interaction with the receptors 6CCY and
5T92.

Conclusion:
Compound P3 exhibited better anti-tumor bioactivity and might be emerged as the lead
compound for the treatment of glioma. Further research in vivo will be performed in our following work.
Molecular Docking and Simulation Analysis of Cyclopeptides as Anticancer
Agents
Authors: Tiwari Abhishek , Tiwari Varsha , Kumar Suresh , Kumar Manish , Saharan Renu , Varma Navneet , Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Kaushik Deepak , Sharma Rajeev Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Cancer is a leading cause of death for people worldwide, in addition to the rise in mortality rates attributed to the Covid epidemic. This allows scientists to do additional research. Here, we have selected Integerrimide A, cordy heptapeptide, and Oligotetrapeptide as the three cyclic proteins that will be further studied and investigated in this context.

Methods:
Docking research was carried out using the protein complexes 1FKB and 1YET, downloaded from the PDB database and used in the docking investigations. Cyclopeptides have been reported to bind molecularly to human HSP90 (Heat shock protein) and FK506. It was possible to locate HSP90 in Protein Data Banks 1YET and 1FKB. HSP90 was retrieved from Protein Data Bank 1YET and 1FKB. Based on these findings, it is possible that the anticancer effects of Int A, Cordy, and Oligo substances could be due to their ability to inhibit the mTOR rapamycin binding domain and the HSP90 Geldanamycin binding domain via the mTOR and mTOR chaperone pathways. During the calculation, there were three stages: system development, energy reduction, and molecular dynamics (also known as molecular dynamics). Each of the three compounds demonstrated a binding affinity for mTOR's Rapamycin binding site that ranged from -6.80 to -9.20 Kcal/mol (FKB12).

Results:
An inhibition constant Ki of 181.05 nM characterized Cordy A with the highest binding affinity (-9.20 Kcal/mol). Among the three tested compounds, Cordy A was selected for MD simulation. HCT116 and B16F10 cell lines were used to test each compound's anticancer efficacy. Doxorubicin was used as a standard drug. The cytotoxic activity of substances Int A, Cordy A, and Oligo on HCT116 cell lines was found to be 77.65 μM, 145.36 μM, and 175.54 μM when compared to Doxorubicin 48.63 μM, similarly utilizing B16F10 cell lines was found to be 68.63 μM, 127.63 μM, and 139.11 μM to Doxorubicin 45.25 μM.

Conclusion:
Compound Cordy A was more effective than any other cyclic peptides tested in this investigation.
Metformin and 2-Deoxy-d-glucose synergistically inhibit the viability of thyroid papillary carcinoma with BRAF mutation by ROS-dependent PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Song Xicheng , Zheng Haitao , Lin Xiyuan , Xu Jie , Ma Chi , Wang Zhengzhai , Yang Xiaoqing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism through which metformin combined with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) decreases the viability of BCPAP thyroid papillary carcinoma cells. BCPAP cells were treated with only metformin, only 2-DG, and both metformin and 2-DG. We used the CCK-8 assay to assess cell viability, dichlorofluorescein staining to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS), and western blot analysis to quantify protein expression. We found that metformin and 2-DG alone decreased cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of metformin and 2-DG were 5.329 mM and 1.154 mM, respectively. Coadministration of metformin and 2-DG significantly inhibited BCPAP cell proliferation and increased cellular ROS levels and AKT phosphorylation at Ser437. These effects were reversed following the treatment of the cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Our findings suggest that metformin and 2-DG synergistically suppress BCPAP cell proliferation, potentially via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by increasing cellular ROS levels.

result:
We found that metformin and 2-DG alone decreased cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of metformin and 2-DG were 5.329 mM and 1.154 mM, respectively. Coadministration of metformin and 2-DG significantly inhibited BCPAP cell proliferation and increased cellular ROS levels and AKT phosphorylation at Ser437. These effects were reversed following treatment of the cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine.

conclusion:
Our findings suggest that metformin and 2-DG synergistically suppress BCPAP cell proliferation, potentially via inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by increasing cellular ROS levels.
Efficacy and Biomedical Roles of Unsaturated Fatty Acids as Bioactive
Food Components
Authors: Vaezi Morteza 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) as bioactive compounds possess a wide range of biomedical
functions and a lack or shortage of them may cause serious harm to human body health. Biochemically,
UFAs have attracted growing interest, and this attention arises not only from biomedical reasons
but also economic ones. Among these fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are considered the
most efficient and safe compounds which can be used for expanding and identification of novel functionalities.
They are considered essential membrane components and are associated with a variety of
biological processes. For example, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a central role in the proper functioning of the nervous system
like anti-atherogenic properties and improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Briefly,
understanding the relationship between these properties and potential biomedical applications of
UFAs may help to elucidate and facilitate the development of novel pathogenesis strategies regarding
their disorders in human health and diseases. This review provides the most suitable functional roles
and potential mechanisms of UFAs associated with human health and nutrition.
Hallstatt Period Fibre Analysis from Slovenian Burials
Authors: Lau Ronja 
Published: February 2023

Multiple Slovenian cemeteries of the early Iron Age/Hallstatt period (800–400 BC) yield mineralised textile finds. Due to preservation of the textiles on metal objects, they can be contextualised and analysed using a variety of methods. The current paper discusses the applicable methods and information that can be acquired from very small textiles fragments. Difficulties arise particularly due to the lack of documentation of the old excavations and the past restoration work. It is not only modern excavated material that can be meaningful; the finds from the late 19th century are worth re-examining, especially since technology and methodology have evolved. Gaining information from microstratigraphy, comparing relevant finds and fibre analysis are just a few methods shown within this research. The work was a collaborative project with Karina Grömer and the National History Museum Vienna (Austria) and formed a part of my master’s thesis.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Harding Kelly D. , Wrath Andrew J. , Flannigan Katherine , Unsworth Kathy , McFarlane Audrey , Pei Jacqueline 
Published: February 2023

Background and Objective The manner in which language is used reflects how people in a society view one another. Historically, individuals with disabilities have experienced discrimination through the use of stereotypic or demeaning language. Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) may be particularly susceptible to these negative impacts, particularly given the stigma associated with the disability. We discuss how individuals with disabilities may be affected by our use of language. Materials and Methods Current definitions of FASD from Canadian provincial/territorial, national, and international governments and organizations were collated. Recent academic definitions found in the peer-reviewed literature were also reviewed. All definitions were independently coded by the two authors to identify definitions which were based upon current and emerging evidence and which included factual information about FASD. A standard definition of FASD was developed through an iterative process, including expert consultation and feedback from the larger FASD community. Results We propose an evidence-based, lay-language standard definition of FASD to be used in a Canadian context, intended to reflect the range of strengths and challenges of individuals with FASD as well as the whole-body implications of the disability. Conclusion Our standard definition of FASD provides an opportunity to ensure consistency in language, increase awareness of FASD, promote dignity, and reduce stigma upon people with FASD and their families. We encourage governments, policy makers, service providers, and researchers to adopt the authors standard defi-nition of FASD, with the goal of increasing awareness of FASD, reducing stigma, and improving communication and consistent messaging about the disability.
Understanding Contraceptive Behaviour to Prevent Unintended Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies
Authors: Reid Natasha , Chen Chun-Chi , Bernard Anne , O'Callaghan Frances 
Published: February 2023

Materials and Methods
Participants were recruited through the university research participation website where a link to an online survey was made available to first year undergraduate psychology students. The online questionnaire included questions on contraceptive and alcohol consumption behaviours in the past month, and questions that assessed participants’ knowledge and attitudes. A total of 106 participants were included in the current study.

Results
The majority of participants reported using contraception when having sex in the past month. The most common form of contraceptive used was male condoms (~60%), followed by the oral contraceptive pill (~46%). There was a significant difference in one of the knowledge scales between the two contraceptive groups: participants who reported Never/Sometimes using contraception had higher knowledge of reproduction compared to those who reported using contraception more often. The proportion of participants who used contraception more frequently reported having more positive attitudes towards contraception compared to those who reported Never or Sometimes using contraception.

Conclusion
Given the lifelong impacts that can be experienced for individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), prevention of unintended alcohol-exposed pregnancies is an area that requires serious attention. If the high prevalence rates of FASD are to be reduced, prevention needs to take place for people of reproductive age, particularly in Australia where we have high rates of unplanned pregnancies and a binge drinking culture.
Pemberian Suaka Diplomatik dalam Hukum Internasional: Dilema antara Aspek Kemanusiaan dan Tensi Hubungan Bilateral
Authors: Putri Janardana , Arsika I Made Budi 
Published: February 2023

Diplomatic asylum is a practice of granting international protection outside of state territory which is often carried out based on the extraterritorial theory and the principle of inviolability possessed by a state to carry out its diplomatic mission. In several cases, diplomatic asylum is sometimes regarded as reducing the sovereignty of a state which potentially leads to increasing bilateral tensions. However, humanity considerations as the reasons behind the granting of diplomatic asylum are appreciated by the international society. This article aims to discuss the existence of diplomatic asylum from the perspective of sovereignty and the legitimacy of diplomatic officials to grant diplomatic asylum. This article concludes that international law generally places state sovereignty and non-intervention as fundamental principles that must be respected. Both the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (1963) do not specifically regulate the issue of diplomatic asylum, therefore, its legal basis often refers to state practices. The granting of diplomatic asylum that is not based on humanity's interest may raise a controversy under international law. Instruments of international human rights law justify for diplomatic officials to grant asylum to people in need, especially in critical situations that threaten the safety of that person.
Abstrak
Suaka diplomatik merupakan praktik pemberian perlindungan internasional di luar wilayah teritorial suatu negara yang kerap dilakukan atas dasar eksistensi teori ekstrateritorial dan prinsip inviolabilitas yang dimiliki oleh suatu negara untuk melaksanakan misi diplomatiknya. Dalam beberapa kasus, pemberian suaka diplomatik terkadang dianggap mereduksi kedaulatan suatu negara sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan tensi hubungan bilateral. Hanya saja, dalil kepentingan kemanusiaan sebagai dasar pemberian suaka diplomatik justru diapresiasi oleh masyarakat internasional. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai eksistensi suaka diplomatik yang ditinjau dari perspektif kedaulatan dan legitimasi pejabat diplomatik untuk memberikan suaka diplomatik. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa hukum internasional pada umumnya menempatkan kedaulatan negara dan non-intervensi sebagai prinsip-prinsip penting yang harus dihormati. Baik Konvensi Wina mengenai Hubungan Diplomatik (1961) maupun Konvensi Wina mengenai Hubungan Konsuler (1963), tidaklah secara spesifik mengatur persoalan suaka diplomatik, oleh karenanya suaka diplomatik berkembang pada praktik negara-negara. Pemberian suaka diplomatik yang tidak didasarkan dengan kepentingan kemanusiaan dapat memunculkan kontroversi dalam hukum internasional. Instrumen hukum hak asasi manusia internasional memberikan justifikasi bagi pejabat diplomatik untuk memberikan suaka kepada orang yang membutuhkan, khususnya dalam situasi genting yang mengancam keselamatan orang tersebut.
Pemikiran Hukum Nasional A. Qodri Azizy: Eklektisisme Hukum Islam dan Hukum Umum
Authors: Hefni Wildani 
Published: February 2023

This article discusses the legal thought of A. Qodri Azizy combines three materials of national law in Indonesia. This article focuses on the Islamic legal thought of Qodri which is based on the narrative of the flexibility between Islamic law and general law based on compatibility within Indonesian context. Qodri used a concept called Eklektisisme Hukum to unify the all materials of national law. Qodri offers Islamic law as a product of knowledge (ijtihad) that can be reconstructed as a system that is considered to be more holistic and comprehensive. In the development of national law, Qodri refused to formalize Islamic law in Indonesia in its application. He relies more on scientific dialectics that can be accepted democratically. Qodri argues that the realization of Indonesian law requires a collective effort to eliminate divisions in certain areas. According to this article, Qodri refused the formalization of Islamic law in line with his approach to refused of Western law with an absolute paradigm. On another hand, he refused customary law. According to Qodri’s legal thought, each legal building has a link to be integrated with the Indonesian context by integrating various disciplines to build a spirit of national legal with Indonesian characterictic. At this point, Qodri’s eclecticism approach finds its relevance in integrating of general law and Islamic law which is based on the middle path of national compromise.
Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas pemikiran hukum A. Qodri Azizy yang memadukan antara tiga bahan baku hukum nasional di Indonesia. Fokus artikel ini pada pemikiran hukum Islam Qodri yang didasarkan pada narasi fleksibilitas pertautan antara hukum Islam dan hukum umum yang kompatibel dengan realitas keindonesiaan yang kemudian dinamakan eklektisisme hukum Indonesia. Di dalam eklektisisme hukum, Qodri menyatukan dan mencairkan kekuatan-kekuatan pola pikir bangunan hukum yang selama ini cenderung berhadapan. Qodri menempatkan hukum Islam sebagai produk pengetahuan (ijtihad) yang dapat direkonstruksi agar lebih holistik dan komprehensif. Dalam pembangunan hukum nasional, Qodri menolak intervensi negara dan lebih berpijak pada dialektika keilmuan yang dapat diterima secara demokratis. Qodri memiliki argumentasi bahwa perwujudan ilmu hukum Indonesia (Indonesian jurisprudence) membutuhkan ikhtiar kolektif untuk menghilangkan pengotakan pada wilayah tertentu. Qodri menolak formalisasi hukum Islam dan juga menolak penggunaan hukum Barat dengan paradigma yang mutlak, serta menolak pengunaan hukum adat secara membabi buta. Qodri memiliki argumentasi bahwa masing-masing bangunan hukum memiliki keterkaitan untuk dipadukan dalam konteks menemukan spirit bangunan hukum nasional yang bercirikan keindonesiaan. Pada titik inilah, pendekatan eklektisisme Qodri menemukan relevansinya dengan mengintegrasikan hukum Islam dan hukum umum yang bertitik pijak pada jalan tengah kompromi kebangsaan.
Detección de fuerza y posición para los movimientos de flexión-extensión de codo a partir de señales de EMG
Authors: Cortés Gómez Julián Augusto , Acebes Moreno Daniel Santiago , Peñuela Calderón Lina María , Velasco Vivas Alexandra 
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Evaluar fuerza y posición angular a partir del análisis de señales electromiográficas en bíceps y tríceps durante la realización de movimientos de flexión-extensión de codo, comparando los algoritmos V − Order, WaveLength, Mean Absolute Value, Wavelength y un factor denominado Valor Q1.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un experimento con 15 voluntarios con cargas de 0, 0.5, y 1 kg. Para determinar la fuerza, se extraen características de la señal teniendo en cuenta los algoritmos mencionados en el objetivo, y a partir de estos valores se halla la posición angular mediante el uso de un filtro pasabajos. Para validar los algoritmos, se utilizó un sensor comercial NOTCH para la medición de posición angular y se evaluó el coeficiente de correlación comparando con los resultados del algoritmo que presenta mejor comportamiento.
Resultados: Al evaluar las señales adquiridas, la señal del bíceps presenta mayor amplitud respecto al tríceps. Adicionalmente, el algoritmo Q1 presenta menores niveles de ruido por lo que se utiliza para determinar la posición angular. Los resultados muestran que el método Valor Q1 permite la estimación de la señal de posición angular, con un coeficiente de correlación promedio de 72,3% para 1 kg y 60,9% para 0 kg.
Conclusiones: La medición de fuerza y posición angular permite el desarrollo de sistemas de control para dispositivos biomecatrónicos destinados al apoyo de procesos de rehabilitación y evaluación de la evolución de un paciente. Los resultados fueron mejores con pesos mayores, debido a que esto implica mayor activación muscular.
Hacia una sociología feminista: la propuesta de Arlie Russell Hochschild
Authors: Godoy Solange , Marentes Maximiliano 
Published: February 2023

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en describir y analizar la producción académica de Arlie Russell Hochschild como una propuesta de sociología feminista. Para ello se interroga qué nodos problemáticos aborda, qué diseños metodológicos emplea para responderlos, cuál es el lugar de la socióloga que investiga, a qué recursos narrativos recurre y, transversalmente, qué elementos nos permiten considerar su obra como un ejemplo de sociología feminista. Se sostiene que los aportes de la autora pueden contribuir a una amplia variedad de campos para el análisis social, que van más allá del estudio de las emociones al que se la ha tendido a asimilar. La potente sociología con, y no solo de las, emociones de Hochschild puede ser leída, en su conjunto y a partir de diferentes elementos, como un ejemplo de una sociología feminista flexible, inspiradora y adaptable.
Evaluation of a modified subchondroplasty technique in an equine full-thickness cartilage defect model: a pilot study
Authors: Smanik Lauren E. , Selberg Kurt T. , Mason Gary L. , Brock Maria , Stewart Holly L. , Goodrich Laurie R. , Kawcak Christopher E. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To perform a pilot study with the intent of assessing the feasibility of a modified subchondroplasty (mSCP) technique in a validated preclinical equine model of full-thickness articular cartilage loss and evaluate the short-term patient response to the injected materials.

ANIMALS
3 adult horses.

PROCEDURES
Two 15-mm-diameter full-thickness cartilage defects were created on the medial trochlear ridge of each femur. Defects were treated with microfracture and then filled by 1 of 4 techniques: (1) autologous fibrin graft (FG) via subchondral injection of fibrin glue (FG), (2) autologous fibrin graft via direct injection of FG, (3) subchondral injection of a calcium phosphate bone substitute material (BSM) with direct injection of FG, and (4) untreated control. Horses were euthanized after 2 weeks. Patient response was evaluated via serial lameness examination, radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, gross evaluation, microcomputed tomography, and histopathology.

RESULTS
All treatments were successfully administered. The injected material perfused through the underlying bone into the respective defects without adversely affecting the surrounding bone and articular cartilage. Increased new bone formation was seen at the margins of the trabecular spaces containing BSM. There was no treatment effect on the amount or composition of tissue within defects.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The mSCP technique was a simple, well-tolerated technique in this equine articular cartilage defect model without significant adverse effects to host tissues after 2 weeks. Larger studies with long-term follow-ups are warranted.