bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sosialisasi Kebijakan Kampus Merdeka Program Praktisi Mengajar pada Perguruan Tinggi Penyelenggara Pendidikan Vokasi
Authors: Rahman Abdul , Mawar Mawar , Nurul Bariyah Oneng , Setyaningrum Intan 
Published: December 2022

Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi telah menetapkan kebijakan Kampus Merdeka sebagai prioritas kebijakan. Program Praktisi Mengajar merupakan Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Edisi ke-20 yang diluncurkan karena faktanya saat ini jumlah praktisi yang ikut berkontribusi mengajar di kampus (baik akademik maupun vokasi) masih kurang. Di sisi lain, tingkat partisipasi perguruan tinggi penyelenggara pendidikan vokasi dalam program Praktisi Mengajar masih sangat sedikit, per tanggal 28 Mei hanya 13 pendaftar. Padahal keberadaan pendidik dari unsur praktisi dunia kerja merupakan hal yang esensial dalam pendidikan vokasi yang sangat erat berkaitan dengan dunia kerja. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi perguruan tinggi penyelenggara pendidikan vokasi pada program Praktisi Mengajar. Sementara metode pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan metode sosialisasi. Hasilnya, setelah dilakukan sesi sosialisasi, pendaftar program Praktisi Mengajar dari entitas perguruan tinggi penyelenggara pendidikan vokasi per 6 Juli 2022 meningkat signifikan menjadi 238 pendaftar. Namun, masih terdapat kekurangan, dimana mayoritas kampus vokasi pendaftar program masih didominasi di pulau Jawa dengan persentase 56,1%. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology has set the Merdeka Campus policy as a policy priority. The Teaching Practitioner Program is the 20th Edition of the Free Learning Policy, which was launched because, currently, the number of practitioners who contribute to teaching on campus (both academic and vocational) still needs to be improved. On the other hand, the participation rate of universities providing vocational education in the Teaching Practitioner program still needs to be higher; as of May 28, there were only 13 applicants. The existence of educators from the practitioners of the world of work is essential in vocational education, which is very closely related to the world of work. Therefore, this service activity aims to increase the participation of tertiary institutions providing vocational education in the Teaching Practitioner program. At the same time, the community service method is carried out by the socialization method. As a result, after the socialization session, the registrants for the Teaching Practitioner program from higher education entities providing vocational education as of July 6, 2022, increased significantly to 238 registrants. However, there are still areas for improvement, where most vocational campuses for program applicants are still dominated on the island of Java with a percentage of 56.1%.
University of Montreal’s Clinician-Investigator Program: A 10-Year Descriptive Evaluation
Authors: Mailhot-Larouche Samuel , Chauvette Vincent , Bergeron David , Larochelle Catherine , Du Pont-Thibodeau Geneviève , Wang Han , Cardinal Héloïse , Bourdeau Isabelle , Auger Nathalie , Bureau Nathalie Bureau, MD, MSc , Prat Alexandre , Jutras-Aswad Didier , Madore François , Emeriaud Guillaume , Bahig Houda , Mayrand Marie-Hélène , Tadros Rafik , Parent Stefan , Richebe Philippe  Richebe, MD, PhD , Merhi Yahye , Nguyen Dang 
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Clinician-investigators have an important role in the development and implantation of new therapies and treatment modalities; however, there have been several reports highlighting a pending shortage in the clinician-investigators’ workforce. In Canada, the Royal College has promoted the development of clinician-investigators programs (CIP) to facilitate the training of these individuals. There is currently a paucity of data regarding the outcomes of such programs. This study aims to identify the strengths and areas of improvement of the Montreal University CIP.
Methods: An internet-based 51-question survey was distributed to all the alumni from the University of Montreal CIP. Participation was voluntary and no incentives were provided. The response rate was 64%.
Results: Among respondents, 50% (n=16) had completed their clinical residency and all CIP requirements. The majority of these individuals (63%) had become independent investigators and had secured provincial and national funding. Satisfaction of the respondents was high regarding the overall program (85%), the research skills developed during the CIP (84%) and the financial support obtained during the program (72%). The satisfaction rate regarding career planning was lower (63%).
Conclusion: This survey demonstrates that, while indicators are favorable, some areas still require improvement. Several steps to improve the CIP have been identified; notably, the transition from the CIP to early independent career has been identified as critical in the development of clinician-investigators and steps have been taken to improve this progression
Nivel de autoeficacia materna en adolescentes de la región noreste de Guanajuato, México
Authors: Ramírez Robles Marisol , Herrera Paredes José Manuel , Moreno González María Mercedes 
Published: December 2022

Objetivo: Describir y analizar el nivel de la Autoeficacia Materna en Adolescentes de un hospital de segundo nivel en el estado de Guanajuato, en México. Método: Fue aplicado a madres adolescentes que asistieron a un Hospital Materno en el estado de Guanajuato, se empleó la escala Autoeficacia Parental Materna Percibida (α=0.98) que consta de 20 ítems de tipo Likert y cuatro subescalas, así como una cédula de identificación semiestructurada para los datos sociodemográficos, esta última, validada por expertos. Se tuvieron en cuenta las consideraciones éticas. Resultados principales: El 72.7% de las madres adolescentes presentaron un nivel de autoeficacia baja, caracterizándose por falta de habilidad y poca experiencia en los cuidados maternos. Conclusión general: La autoeficacia materna en adolescentes es baja, dadas las características propias del desarrollo en esta etapa, aunado a la maternidad, algunas madres se enfrentan al nacimiento de un prematuro, que en la mayoría de los casos llega a ser hospitalizado, repercutiendo una vez más en la autoeficacia. Para enfermería, las madres adolescentes presentan un reto para el cuidado, por lo tanto, se identifica la necesidad de describir este fenómeno para poder crear intervenciones educativas basadas en la Autoeficacia materna en adolescentes.
A Study of the Grouping of Meningococcus Strains
Authors: Olmstead Miriam P. , DuBois Phoebe L. , Neal Josephine B. , Schweitzer Rose 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the spring of 1911, the members of the meningitis department started to investigate the possible grouping of strains of the meningococcus, being led thereto by Torrey's (1) success in demonstrating the division of strains of gonococcus into groups. The desirability of some definite knowledge on this point is obvious. Not only is it of academic interest, but in the preparation of anti-meningitis serum, it is of the utmost importance that, if the strains differ in their serological reactions and may be classified thus, as many groups as possible should be represented. Also in view of the large number of strains that may be collected, it is a great saving of time and media, if the multiplication of similar strains may be avoided without lessening the therapeutic value of the serum.
Three methods at once suggested themselves—agglutination, opsonic tests, and complement fixation. The agglutination method proved unsatisfactory.
Antibodies of Different Specificities in Normal Rabbit Sera
Authors: Haimovich Joseph , Tarrab Rebeca , Sulica Andrei , Sela Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Low levels of so-called “natural” antibodies have been reported in many studies (for review, see Boyden (1)). Recently, antibodies to defined haptens, such as the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) (2, 3), the 4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylacetyl (4) and the penicilloyl (5) groups have been found in normal humans, mice and rabbits.
In the course of experiments making use of the detection of antibodies by means of chemically modified bacteriophages (4–7), we have tested the sera of 28 normal rabbits for their capacity to inactivate immunospecifically modified bacteriophages of different specificities. The bacteriophage preparations used included DNP-T4 (3), penicilloyl-T4 (5), lysozyme-T4 (8), insulin-T4 (8), and the unmodified bacteriophage T4 itself.
The results obtained with sera pooled from the bleedings of 28 normal rabbits are given in Table I. The pooled rabbit sera, tested at fivefold dilution, inactivated almost completely DNP-T4, and decreased significantly the number of viable penicilloyl-T4, whereas no significant inactivation of insulin-T4, lysozyme-T4 and the unmodified T4 was observed.
Structural and Antigenic Relationships Between Avian Immunoglobulins
Authors: Leslie Gerrie A. , Benedict Albert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hydrolysis with papain of chicken IgG (C-IgG), pheasant IgG (P-IgG) and quail IgG (Q-IgG) produced fragments with sedimentation coefficients of 3.5S. Approximately 40% to 50% of the IgG was converted to dialyzable peptides.
Digestion of C-IgG pseudoglobulin preparations with 1% pepsin at pH 4.5 for 18 hr, in the absence of a reducing agent, produced Fab′ (3.4S) fragments. Digestion of C-IgG with pepsin at pH 5.0 produced a small amount of 5.4S fragments, Fab′ and undigested IgG. Chicken pseudoglobulin and euglobulin IgG appeared to have different susceptibilities to digestion with pepsin. Digestion of P-IgG with 1% pepsin, at pH 4.5, resulted in 5.4S fragments and undigested IgG, whereas digestion with 2% pepsin yielded mainly 5.4S and a small amount of Fab′. The F(ab')2 fragment contained no Fc determinants, but compared to papain-produced Fab it had additional antigenic determinants. Digestion of Q-IgG with 1% pepsin, pH 4.5, produced about 60% Fab′ and 40% 5.4S fragments. With respect to the kinds of fragments formed, Q-IgG was intermediate between C-IgG and P-IgG. Large amounts of dialyzable peptides were formed from the three immunoglobulins by peptic digestion.
Hemagglutinin Antibody Response of Normal and Aleutian Disease-Affected Mink to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin
Authors: Lodmell D. L. , Hadlow W. J. , Munoz J. J. , Whitford H. W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
After injection of Aleutian disease (AD) virus into mink homozygous for the Aleutian gene, the amount of serum γ globulin steadily increased and the amount of serum albumin decreased early in the disease and remained relatively stationary thereafter. Alterations in the α and β globulin concentrations were inconsistent.
AD virus suppressed the primary antibody response of normal mink inoculated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). This suppression began at about the time the serum γ globulin levels of mink inoculated with AD virus started to increase and was consistent, whether KLH was injected before or concomitantly with AD virus.
When the primary injection of KLH was given before or concomitantly with AD virus, an excellent anamnestic response occurred in AD-affected mink.
Antibody responses to KLH in mink affected with AD at the time of primary stimulation were extremely poor. The mink most severely affected at the time that they were inoculated with KLH gave the poorest primary and anamnestic responses.
Canine Immunoglobulins
Authors: Reynolds Herbert Y. , Johnson John S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Canine intestinal secretions from the jejunum, terminal ileum, and proximal colon contain qualitatively the same immunoglobulins as do the serum and colostrum. Secretory IgA is present in the fecal extracts in four to eight times the concentration found in serum. A procedure for minimizing the bacterial and enzymatic proteolysis of the immuno-proteins is outlined. A combination of DEAE and Sephadex chromatography permitted separation of the major immunoglobulin classes, particularly secretory IgA. The purified secretory IgA was examined for antigenic similarities to IgA in serum and other canine secretions, and its sedimentation and electrophoretic behavior were defined. The isolated IgA retained biologic activity.
Response of NZB and NZB/NZW Spleen Cells to Mitogenic Agents
Authors: Leventhal Brigid G. , Talal Norman 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The in vitro response of pooled splenic lymphocytes from NZB, B/W, and C3H mice was studied to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), allogeneic cells and calf thymus DNA. There was no response to DNA by any of the three strains. Relative to C3H, the NZB cells were hyporeactive both to PHA and to allogeneic cells. The B/W mice were hyporesponsive to PHA and in three of eight experiments showed no response at all. However, they showed a consistent and vigorous response to C3H cells. This differential and disproportionate response to mitogens has been seen previously in humans with thymic dysplasia and in thymectomized animals. These studies showing a depressed in vitro response of lymphocytes lend support to the concept that New Zealand mice may have a relatively hypofunctioning thymus.
Release of Vasoactive Amines from Rabbit Platelets Induced by Antiplatelet Antibody in the Presence and Absence of Complement
Authors: Henson Peter M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two actions of heterologous antiplatelet antibody on rabbit platelets have been described. The release of vasoactive amines from platelets by antibody in the absence of complement required an active energy-requiring participation on the part of the platelet and did not result in cytolysis. Antibody with at least two combining sites was needed, but no loss of activity occurred if the Fc piece was removed. In contrast, antibody in the presence of rabbit complement caused cytolysis and loss of internal constituents including cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes.
Cellular Requirements for Development of Primary Anti-Hapten Antibody Responses in Vitro
Authors: Bluestein Harry G. , Pierce Carl W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The cellular requirements for the development of primary trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to TNP-φX in cultures of spleen cells from normal mice and from mice immunized 7 days earlier with φX were compared. Significant enhancement of the primary anti-TNP PFC responses of both the γG and γM immunoglobulin classes was demonstrated in cultures of φX-primed spleen cells stimulated with TNP-φX at a concentration suboptimal for normal spleen cells. After separation of normal and φX-primed spleen cells into macrophage and lymphoid cell populations on the basis of the ability of macrophages to adhere to plastic, it was demonstrated that primary TNP-specific PFC responses of normal spleen cells were strictly dependent on the presence of the macrophages, while the responses of φX-primed spleen cells were much less dependent on their presence.
The depletion of ϑ-bearing cells from cultures of normal spleen cells by treatment with anti-ϑ serum and complement minimized primary TNP-specific PFC responses to TNP-φX. Depletion of the ϑ-bearing cells from cultures of spleen cells from φX-primed mice reduced primary TNP-specific PFC responses only 10% to 50%, while the primary anti-horse red cell PFC responses in the same cell preparations were reduced over 90%.
The Formation of Amyloid-Like Fibrils in Vitro from Bence Jones Proteins of the VλI Subclass
Authors: Linke R. P. , Tischendorf F. W. , Zucker-Franklin D. , Franklin E. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sixty-one λ-Bence Jones proteins (BJP) including all known Vλ subclasses were digested with pepsin. Forty-six formed a precipitate but only nine of these disclosed some of the characteristics of amyloid as revealed by congo red binding, green polarization birefringence, dichroism and fibrillar structures in the electron microscope. Eight of nine amyloid-forming BJP belonged to the VλI subclass. Thirteen other BJP of the same subclass did not form amyloid under the conditions employed. The ability to form amyloid was unrelated to the constant region Oz marker.
Relationship of C3 and Factor a of the Properdin System
Authors: Goodkofsky Ira , Stewart Arthur H. , Lepow Irwin H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Early investigations of the properdin system by Pillemer and coworkers demonstrated a requirement for a hydrazine-sensitive component (factor A) for preferential inactivation of terminal components of C by zymosan. The relationship of factor A to C3 and C4, C components known to be hydrazine sensitive, was therefore investigated. The loss of C3 and C4 hemolytic activity in normal human serum incubated at 37°C for 60 min with various concentrations of hydrazine showed strikingly similar patterns, 6 × 10-4 M hydrazine being required in each case for 50% inactivation. Similarly, factor A activity declined in direct proportion to the loss of C3 and C4 activity. Restoration of factor A activity in serum rendered deficient in factor A by treatment with hydrazine could be demonstrated with several preparations of purified C3 and was proportional to the amount of hemolytically active C3 added to the serum with restored factor A.
Experimental Trypanosomal Glomerulonephritis: Evidence for Selective Renal Deposits Containing Reactants of the Alternate C Pathway
Authors: Ward P. A. , Nagle R. , Minta J. O. , Lepow I. H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three rhesus monkeys infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense developed a sustained parasitemia, hypocomplementemia, and glomerulonephritis. In each of the three cases glomerulonephritis was characterized by mild proliferative and exudative changes. Immunofluorescent studies on renal glomeruli were done with antibody to human γG, γM, γA, C3, C4, and properdin. For each antibody a strong cross-reaction developed with the heterologous (monkey) serum protein. Two nephritic animals showed no deposits of Ig in glomeruli while a third had faint deposits of γM. All three animals showed heavy deposits of properdin and C3, in a granular pattern, but no evidence of C4. Glomerular deposits appeared during the period of hypocomplementemia which developed after approximately 8 days of infection. Non-infected animals (two) failed to show evidence for glomerular deposits of any of the proteins. These findings suggest that the glomerulonephritis of experimental trypanosomiasis is related to selective deposits of reactant proteins of the alternate C pathway (properdin system).
Isolation and Characterization of a New and Highly Active form of C5a Anaphylatoxin from Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid-Containing Porcine Serum
Authors: Vallota Enrique H. , Hugli Tony E. , Müller-Eberhard Hans J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The capacity of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) to inhibit serum carboxypeptidase B has been utilized to permit generation of active C3a and C5a anaphylatoxin (AT) in human serum. In the absence of EACA both AT are formed but subsequently inactivated. In porcine serum complement activation liberates C3a and C5a AT, but C5a escapes total inactivation by serum carboxypeptidase. The inactivated porcine C3a (C3ai) has been isolated and shown to resemble closely human C3a in m.w. and amino acid composition. The use of EACA during generation of porcine AT resulted in the formation of biologically active C3a and C5a. Porcine C5a isolated from EACA-containing serum was obtained in greater yield and with considerably more specific activity than C5a generated in the absence of EACA. A full contraction of the guinea pig ileum was produced with 3 × 10-10 M porcine C5a when it was derived from EACA serum, and with 1.5 × 10-9 M when it was isolated from serum not containing EACA.
Effect of Carcinogens on Biosynthesis
Authors: Colten Harvey R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Administration of a water soluble carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to guinea pigs results in a selective decrease in serum concentration of C4 (Zarco, Borsos, and Rapp, unpublished). Based on this observation and in an attempt to define the factors that regulate biosynthesis, several chemical carcinogens were tested for their ability to affect synthesis of C4 and C2.
Peritoneal macrophages isolated from guinea pigs that were fed DEN for 9 weeks synthesized C4 at a rate 20% of normal; the appearance of the cells and their capacity to synthesize C2 and total protein were unaffected. After 16 to 19 weeks of DEN feeding, chemotaxis, and other membrane dependent functions (glass adherence, “spreading”) of the macrophages were depressed. Histologic examination of the liver at 19 weeks revealed that these changes in macrophage function preceded the appearance of frank tumor. Incubation of normal peritoneal cells in the presence of DEN had no effect on their morphology or functions, suggesting the possibility that DEN is converted in vivo but not in vitro to an inhibitor of macrophage function.
Massive C Activation: The Interactions of C and the Extrinsic Blood Coagulation System in the Production of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Brown D. L. , Lachmann P. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When rabbits are given single large doses (5 mg) of bacterial endotoxin they rapidly develop a shocklike state characterized by profound thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This effect is seen to a greatly reduced extent in C6-deficient rabbits and cannot be produced at all in cobra venom treated rabbits.
The mechanisms involved have been investigated. It has been shown that the following events occur: There is C3 fixation on the endotoxin followed by immune adherence of platelets to the fixed C3. The adherence alone allows a slow activation of platelet factor 3 (PF3) which may activate the extrinsic coagulation system and produce DIC. In normal animals, however, there is far more intense PF3 activation which appears to be due to the “reactive lysis” of the platelets. This is a rapid and efficient method of producing DIC.
A strain of dogs deficient in clotting factor VII is resistant to endotoxin shock in a way similar to the C6-deficient rabbits.
The Role of C in Allergen-Reagin Mediated Histamine Release Reactions
Authors: Malley A. , Baecher L. , Porter G. , Burger D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preliminary studies demonstrated that either a C3 inactivator isolated from human serum or a monospecific antihuman C3 serum gave a linear dose-dependent inhibition of allergenreagin-induced histamine release reactions from monkey lung tissue (MLT) passively sensitized with human reagin. These observations suggested that the role of C in allergic reactions should be re-examined with respect to the recently described alternate pathway of C action.
The results of these studies demonstrated that 1) C3, 5, 6, 8, 9, C3 proactivator (C3PA), and properdin are bound to MLT, and 2) monospecific antisera directed against the above components show a dose-dependent inhibition of allergen-reagin induced histamine release from MLT. Specificity of the above antisera to inhibit allergen-reagin induced histamine release was seen by the failure to demonstrate inhibition with the following reagents: 1) anti-C4, 2) anti-BSA, and 3) anti-rhesus lung tissue sera. The question of desensitization of MLT explaining the inhibition of the observed reactions was evaluated by three different approaches.