bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mosul dam issues: analysis of the problem based on several studies
Authors: Obead Imad Habeeb , Fattah Mohammed Y. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Mosul Dam is the Middle East’s second-largest dam in terms of reservoir capacity. Since its inception in 1986, this dam has been plagued by seepage difficulties in its base caused by the breakdown of gypsum. Underneath the foundation, there are strata of anhydrite. This occurrence has sparked worry the dam’s stability. This paper presents a survey of studies conducted by several researchers on concerns related to the stability and safety of the Mosul Dam in Iraq. Additionally, the implications of the dam breach scenarios are to be presented and discussed. In another word, the Mosul Dam issues are assessed with different references to geologic challenges of the abutments and foundation, dissolution of gypsum and formation of sinkholes, dissolution of gypsum and seepage, and the probable scenarios for concerns of dam failure. After the ISIS conflict, maintenance has been disrupted and signs at the dam have triggered renewed concerns. Consequently, the Iraqi government have contracted the Italian engineering company Trevi to start remedial work on the dam. This work was in 2016. Therefore, the present state of Mosul Dam was declared as safe and stable.
Physicochemical Parameters of River Water and their Relation to Zooplankton: A Review
Authors: Majeed Osama S. , Nashaat Muhanned R. , Al-Azawi Ahmed J. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Rivers are dynamic systems that respond to various physicochemical characteristics. In this review, we focused on the most important physicochemical parameters that influenced zooplankton composition and diversity in the rivers, including water temperature, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, turbidity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, total alkalinity, bicarbonate, phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, and water velocity. As well as, we define these environmental factors and determined the minimum and maximum values for each factor. In general, we can be concluded that physicochemical factors that exceed standard values affected negatively on the zooplankton composition and diversity.
Hydrochemical and Biological study of surface water in Al-Kut city
Authors: Aldafiay Hayder Abbas , Hussain Tariq Abed , Alhashimi Mohammed Ali , Muslam Ruaa Issa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, physicochemical and biological examinations of water samples were performed. These analyses included measuring the pH, EC, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, and COD. Turbidity was also measured. Along with the primary cations and anions, heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, As, Mo, Hg, Al, Li, Be, Se, V, U, and Sr are included. The study of hydrochemistry incorporates both the geochemistry of the surface water in Al-Kut city as well as the water from the Tigris River that is discharged into the main river. There are a total of sixteen surface water samples that have been collected. These samples have been dispersed as sixteen from the Tigris River portion of the study region separately, which discharged onto the main river. In order to evaluate the quality of the water for a variety of applications, physicochemical parameters of water samples are tested, and the results of those analyses are compared to both Iraqi and international standards. The findings support the hypothesis that the pH of the Tigris River ranges from neutral to slightly alkaline. It is characterized by having slightly brackish water and an abundance of Ca2+ and SO4 =, which are the predominant ions in the water. In the Tigris River, the cations are arranged in the following order: Ca2+ Na+> Mg2+>K+, and the anions are organized as follows: SO4 = > Cl- > HCO3 -. The Tigris River in the city of Al-Kut was contaminated with PO4 3- and NO3. The concentrations of the trace elements Al, As, Sr, Mn, Fe, Li, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Pb, Zn, Mo, V, and Ba in the Tigris River are all within the acceptable limits, with the exception of Sr and b, which both exceed these limits. Trace elements appear to be concentrated in the Tigris River. According to BOD, the situation with the Tigris River is critical. The BOD and COD readings were visibly affected by the various forms of excreta that were not treated in the waste water. Because the water in the Tigris River is high in salinity (both TDS and EC) and nutrients, it cannot be used for drinking. However, the water may be used for irrigation, and its quality ranges from acceptable to outstanding.
The effective of time etching and different acids on the morphological porous silicon
Authors: Al-Jubouri Furqan Saleh , Salman Hamida. I. , Al-Kadumi Ahmed. K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper study the characteristics of nano crystalline silicon prepared with the use of electrochemical etching with etching time (15,20) min for salt and Nitric acid (HNO3) and etching time (15,20) min for Ethanol and Hydrofluoric acid, and study the effect of this solutions on the characteristics of porous silicon (ps) will be produced by electrochemical etching by using electrochemical etching from p-type bulk silicon with resistivity (1-10 Ω.cm) with different time. after that, make a comparison for the morphological properties for porous silicon. Research employing X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy instruments were also performed on the samples that were produced as a result. Micromachining etching uses electrochemical etching of silicon in HF solution. New wafer-etched structures are reported. Wall arrays, hole arrays, meander-shaped structures, spiral-like walls, microtubes, and more are produced. The electrochemical etch process and KOH etching time of the original pattern on final geometries are modelled.
Optimal digital filter selection for remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) signal conditioning
Authors: Guler Saygun , Golparvar Ata , Ozturk Ozberk , Dogan Huseyin , Kaya Yapici Murat 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) using camera-based imaging has shown excellent potential recently in vital signs monitoring due to its contactless nature. However, the optimum filter selection for pre-processing rPPG data in signal conditioning is still not straightforward. The best algorithm selection improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and therefore improves the accuracy of the recognition and classification of vital signs. We recorded more than 300 temporal rPPG signals where the noise was not motion-induced. Then, we investigated the best digital filter in pre-processing temporal rPPG data and compared the performances of 10 filters with 10 orders each (i.e., a total of 100 filters). The performances are assessed using a signal quality metric on three levels. The quality of the raw signals was classified under three categories; Q1 being the best and Q3 being the worst. The results are presented in SNR scores, which show that the Chebyshev II orders of 2nd, 4th, and 6th perform the best for denoising rPPG signals.
A computationally efficient and high-fidelity 1D steady-state performance model for PEM fuel cells
Authors: Zhao Jian , Li Xianguo , Shum Chris , McPhee John 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is determined by many factors, including operating conditions, component specifications, and system design, making it challenging to predict its performance over a wide range of operating conditions. Existing fuel cell models can be complex and computationally demanding or may be over-simplified by neglecting many transport phenomena. Therefore, a high-fidelity and computationally efficient model is urgently needed for the model-based control of fuel cells. In this study, semi-implicit multi-physics numerical models have been established, taking the mass, momentum, reactants, liquid water, membrane water, electrons, ions, and energy in all fuel cell components into account. The developed 1D model is of high fidelity by incorporating the two-phase flow, non-isothermal effect, and convection, and is still computationally efficient. These models are validated against data from an auto manufacturer with good agreements, and the computing efficiency is evaluated on a modest laptop computer. The modeling results suggest that the two-phase flow model exhibits better prediction accuracy than the single-phase flow model when reactants are fully humidified, while under low humidity conditions, the two models present equivalent performance as liquid water does not exist in the fuel cell components. The results also suggest that the maximum convective/diffusive ratio of H2, O2, and vapor mass fluxes can be 12%, 5.3%, and 35%, respectively, which are ignored in most diffusion-dominant models. The developed models are computationally efficient, requiring only 0.56 s and 0.26 s to simulate a steady-state operation of fuel cells for the two- and single-phase flow models, respectively. This implies that the developed models are suitable for the control of PEM fuel cells.
Inflectionary Invariants for Isolated Complete Intersection Curve Singularities
Authors: Patel Anand , Swaminathan Ashvin 
Published: January 2023

We investigate the role played by curve singularity germs in the enumeration of inflection points in families of curves acquiring singular members. Let

N
≥
2

N \geq 2

, and consider an isolated complete intersection curve singularity germ

f
:
(

C

N

,
0
)
→
(

C

N
−
1

,
0
)

f \colon (\mathbb {C}^N,0) \to (\mathbb {C}^{N-1},0)

. We define a numerical function

m
↦

AD

(
2
)

m

⁡
(
f
)

m \mapsto \operatorname {AD}_{(2)}^m(f)

that naturally arises when counting

m

t
h

m^{\mathrm {th}}

-order weight-

2
2

inflection points with ramification sequence

(
0
,
…
,
0
,
2
)

(0, \dots , 0, 2)

in a

1
1

-parameter family of curves acquiring the singularity

f
=
0

f = 0

, and we compute

AD

(
2
)

m

⁡
(
f
)

\operatorname {AD}_{(2)}^m(f)

for several interesting families of pairs

(
f
,
m
)

(f,m)

. In particular, for a node defined by

f
:
(
x
,
y
)
↦
x
y

f \colon (x,y) \mapsto xy

, we prove that

AD

(
2
)

m

⁡
(
x
y
)
=

(

m
+
1

4

)

,

\operatorname {AD}_{(2)}^m(xy) = {{m+1} \choose 4},

and we deduce as a corollary that

AD

(
2
)

m

⁡
(
f
)
≥
(

mult
0

⁡

Δ
f

)
⋅

(

m
+
1

4

)

\operatorname {AD}_{(2)}^m(f) \geq (\operatorname {mult}_0 \Delta _f) \cdot {{m+1} \choose 4}

for any

f
f

, where

mult
0

⁡

Δ
f

\operatorname {mult}_0 \Delta _f

is the multiplicity of the discriminant

Δ
f

\Delta _f

at the origin in the deformation space. Significantly, we prove that the function

m
↦

AD

(
2
)

m

⁡
(
f
)
−
(

mult
0

⁡

Δ
f

)
⋅

(

m
+
1

4

)

m \mapsto \operatorname {AD}_{(2)}^m(f) -(\operatorname {mult}_0 \Delta _f) \cdot {{m+1} \choose 4}

is an analytic invariant measuring how much the singularity “counts as” an inflection point. We prove similar results for weight-

2
2

inflection points with ramification sequence

(
0
,
…
,
0
,
1
,
1
)

(0, \dots , 0, 1,1)

and for weight-

1
1

inflection points, and we apply our results to solve a number of related enumerative problems.
Doppler Ultrasound–Guided Filler Injections: Useful Tips to Integrate Ultrasound in Daily Practice
Authors: Vasconcelos-Berg Roberta , Izidoro Juliana Favaro , Wenz Franziska , Müller Alina , Navarini Alexander A , Sigrist Rosa M S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The development of high-frequency devices and transducers in recent years has enabled the growth of the use of dermatologic ultrasound. Real-time monitoring of the anatomy of the face during the application of aesthetic injectables potentially prevents complications such as vascular occlusions. Injecting physicians starting out in the practice of ultrasound-guided injections are commonly faced with practical questions about its use. In this article, based on the experience with ultrasound-guided filler injections of 2 large clinical centers in 2 countries, the authors summarize the steps involved when setting out to use ultrasound to guide injectable aesthetic procedures, such as fillers and biostimulators. First, the authors discuss factors that guide the choice of equipment and ultrasound transducers to perform the procedures. Next, a detailed discussion on practical issues related to the procedure is provided. The authors then consider the positioning of operators and equipment in the treatment field. The authors conclude by suggesting 2 possible techniques to guide injectable procedures: (1) scan before injecting or (2) scan while injecting.
Efficacy and Safety of Perioral Mound Region Liposuction–A Novel Concept to Improve Perioral Mound Fullness
Authors: Gu Yunpeng , Yang Mingzi , Li Jiyang , Sun Jingjing , Lv Qianwen , Qi Yue , Han Xuefeng , Qi Zuoliang , Ma Gui-e 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Fullness of the perioral mound is considered a dissatisfying aspect of premature aging and has become a common complaint of patients seeking facial rejuvenation.

Objectives
The authors propose a novel concept of improving perioral mound fullness by liposuction and verify its safety and efficacy through cadaver and clinical studies.

Methods
A cadaver study was conducted to discover the soft tissue structure of the perioral mound region and identify a vital use for liposuction. For clinical evaluation, 37 patients with perioral mound fullness who underwent liposuction were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
The cadaver study results showed moderate fatty tissue in the subcutaneous layer of the perioral mound region. The liposuction manipulation was limited to the subcutaneous fat layer. Among the 37 patients (including 74 perioral mound regions), the median fat removal volume per perioral mound region was 2.0 (1.2, 2.3) mL. After liposuction, the subcutaneous fat thickness significantly decreased (median 5.0 [3.9, 6.6] mm vs 0.7 [0.4, 1.0] mm per perioral mound region, P &lt; .001). All patients were satisfied with their posttreatment outcomes. Two patients (5.4%) had slight skin hyperpigmentation in the liposuction area after treatment and recovered naturally in 3 months without any intervention. No other complications were noted.

Conclusions
Liposuction is effective in improving perioral mound fullness with a low risk of complications.

Level of Evidence: 4
Prevalence of Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Among Medicaid Enrollees Treated With Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in 11 States, 2016–2019
Authors: Ahrens Katherine , Sharbaugh Michael , Jarlenski Marian P , Tang Lu , Allen Lindsay , Austin Anna E , Barnes Andrew J , Burns Marguerite E , Clark Sarah , Zivin Kara , Mack Aimee , Liu Gilbert , Mohamoud Shamis , McDuffie Mary Joan , Hammerslag Lindsey , Gordon Adam J , Donohue Julie M ,   for the Writing Committee for Medicaid Outcomes Distributed Research Network, Kelley David , James A Everette , Costlow Monica , Cohn Lisa , LaPres Marie , Walker Lauryn , Harrell Ashley , Voskuil Kristen , Tyska Steve , Parsons Cynthia , Becker James , Cai Yilin , Brown Alyssa , Middleton Alice , Woodcock Cynthia , Brown Elizabeth , Hall Dara , Rose Roderick , Sandoe Emma , Dowler Shannon , McGuire Catherine , Jorgenson David , Schutze Maik , Taylor Angela , Talbert Jeff , Applegate Mary , Markman Kendallyn , Rizzutti Mark , Truex-Powell Elizabeth , Ashmead Robert , Bailey Emelie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited information exists about testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among Medicaid enrollees after starting medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), despite guidelines recommending such testing. Our objectives were to estimate testing prevalence and trends for HIV, HBV, and HCV among Medicaid enrollees initiating MOUD and examine enrollee characteristics associated with testing.MethodsWe conducted a serial cross-sectional study of 505 440 initiations of MOUD from 2016 to 2019 among 361 537 Medicaid enrollees in 11 states. Measures of MOUD initiation; HIV, HBV, and HCV testing; comorbidities; and demographics were based on enrollment and claims data. Each state used Poisson regression to estimate associations between enrollee characteristics and testing prevalence within 90 days of MOUD initiation. We pooled state-level estimates to generate global estimates using random effects meta-analyses.ResultsFrom 2016 to 2019, testing increased from 20% to 25% for HIV, from 22% to 25% for HBV, from 24% to 27% for HCV, and from 15% to 19% for all 3 conditions. Adjusted rates of testing for all 3 conditions were lower among enrollees who were male (vs nonpregnant females), living in a rural area (vs urban area), and initiating methadone or naltrexone (vs buprenorphine). Associations between enrollee characteristics and testing varied across states.ConclusionsAmong Medicaid enrollees in 11 US states who initiated medications for opioid use disorder, testing for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and all 3 conditions increased between 2016 and 2019 but the majority were not tested.
Case report: peri-device leakage after percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion: plug, clip, or amputate?
Authors: Ramdat Misier Nawin L , Kharbanda Rohit K , van Schaagen Frank R N , de Groot Natasja M S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Although peri-device leakage is frequently observed after left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO), there is no consensus on the optimal management strategy. It is unknown whether additional plugging should be preferred over surgical exclusion of the LAA, as experience with additional plugging is limited.

Case summary
In this case report, we demonstrate the clinical implications of additional plugging and surgical exclusion in a 65-year-old male patient with peri-device leakage and recurrent thromboembolic events. After the recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and a transient ischaemic attack despite adequate anticoagulation, the patient was opted for re-do pulmonary vein isolation and LAAO with a Watchman device. Due to multiple ischaemic strokes and recurrent AF in combination with significant peri-device leakage, additional plugging with a second device was performed. Post-procedurally, the patient had another ischaemic stroke and persisting peri-device leakage was observed during follow-up. Due to progressive symptoms of AF and patient’s preference to discontinue DOAC, he underwent a Cox MAZE IV procedure, including amputation of the LAA with both devices. Within six months after surgery, the patient experienced two more ischaemic events. In the following two years, the patient remained free of any cerebrovascular accidents or recurrence of AF.

Discussion
Additional plugging of peri-device leakage is not always successful in stroke prevention. In combination with recurrent AF, progressive symptoms, contraindication for oral anticoagulation, and patient’s preference, surgical LAA exclusion could be preferred over additional plugging.
The polarization of real estate ownership and increasing wealth inequality in Spain
Authors: Boertien Diederik , López-Gay Antonio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recent research has shown that differences in the distribution of real estate wealth across households are the most important explanation for cross-national variation in wealth inequality. We extend this line of research by looking at change over time and quantifying the importance of two opposing trends related to housing for wealth inequality: declining homeownership rates and increases in multiple property ownership. Our analysis is based on data from the Spanish survey Encuesta Financiera de Familias covering the period 2002–2017. We show how real estate ownership is becoming increasingly polarized: both the share of households without any property at all as well as the share of households with multiple properties is increasing. Decomposition models show, first, that inequality between homeowners and non-owners is becoming a more important component of wealth inequality between households. Second, whereas real estate that is not used by households as their main residence constituted a relatively small part of wealth inequality in 2002, its absolute contribution had almost doubled by 2017. We conclude that household investments in non-residence real estate are an important channel through which wealth inequality increased over time in Spain.
A systematic review documenting reasons whether physicians should provide treatment to their family and friends
Authors: Beigel Francisca , Mertz Marcel , Salloch Sabine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Physicians are likely to be asked to provide medical care to relatives or friends. Evidence suggests that most physicians treat loved ones during their active years. However, in the academic literature, critical approaches to the matter are dominating. Ethical guidelines often discourage physicians from treating family members and friends outside of exceptional circumstances.

Objective
This systematic review aims to identify reasons for and against treating family and friends as portrayed in the literature published.

Methods
A search string designed for the database “PubMed,” snowball sampling, and hand searching was used to identify possibly eligible publications. Seventy-six publications were screened for all reasons presented in favour of and against physicians treating loved ones. Qualitative content analysis was used for data extraction. Combining a deductive and inductive approach, a coding system was developed.

Results
Many publications analysed represent articles portraying personal experiences; fewer show original research. Reasons against and in favour of treating family and friends were identified. Several publications specify conditions under which the treatment of loved ones may be legitimate. The reasons identified can be assigned to a micro or macro level of human interaction.

Conclusions
This systematic review shows that the discourse of physicians treating loved ones is held predominantly in the context of personal experiences. The majority of authors seem to have a rather pragmatic interest in the topic, and systematic or analytic approaches are rare. While most authors mention various codes of ethics, several publications criticize these or consider them insufficient.