bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOW SATISFIED ARE THE WHITE-COLLAR TURKS WORKING IN TALLINN: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: KOÇAK Alkım 
Published: December 2022

The aim of this paper is to investigate job satisfaction of Turkish white-collar employees and to determine how multicultural companies in Tallinn satisfy their employees in the context of the Two-Factor Theory of Herzberg and location. To attain this purpose, we explore the job satisfaction of Turkish white-collar employees living in Tallinn. We used a semi-structured framework with in-depth interviews that included open and closed-ended questions based on a review of the literature. Snowball sampling was used in the selection of the interviewees and the sample was selected according to the job titles suitable for the definition of white-collar employee. Ten interviews with Turkish white-collar employees from six different multicultural firms were conducted. Our findings indicate that salary and supervision were shown to be crucial in enhancing Turkish white-collar employees' job satisfaction, according to the findings, based on Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. White-collar employees expect good guidance and effective supervision from their managers, and a good salary has been shown to increase their job satisfaction.
Are all islands the same? A comparative thermoregulatory approach in four insular populations
Authors: Karameta Emmanouela , Sfenthourakis Spyros , Pafilis Panayiotis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As ectotherms, lizards, among the best models in thermal studies, are influenced by many abiotic factors. Interestingly, there is a scarcity of data regarding the impact that insularity may have on thermoregulation. Islands, depending their size and altitude, may differ considerably in the thermal conditions they provide to lizards. Here, we focused on a study system comprising islands that differ in morphological characteristics. We worked with four Rock Agama (Laudakia sp.) insular populations, namely Cyprus, Naxos, Delos, and Corfu. We measured body, operative and preferred temperatures and evaluated thermoregulation effectiveness (E). According to our findings, E differed among populations: Corfu received the lowest E (0.45), Cyprus and Naxos achieved median values (0.66 and 0.67, respectively) and lizards from Delos had the most effective thermoregulation (0.85). Our results underline the complex nature of insularity and its effect on saurian thermoregulation and highlight the importance of studying each insular population separately, taking into account the variable features of islands.
K.H. Miskotte and the Dutch Reformed Churches during the Occupation of The Netherlands
Authors: den Hertog Niels 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article is about the Dutch theologian K.H. Miskotte and his theologically based resistance against the Nazi occupation regime (1940–1945). The leadership in Dutch churches chose a cautious and often unprincipled approach to dealing with the occupier. Miskotte, along with some others, pointed to a different way. He wanted a better resistance, founded in the Bible. He read the Bible as the testimony of the Liberator-God who frees his people from slavery to the gods and powers of this world that blind and enslave people. Miskotte’s book Biblical ABC s, though created under the challenging circumstances of occupation by a Nazi regime, also points the way for today to a way of reading the Bible that is current and surprising.
The Name as ‘Anti-pagan’ Monument
Authors: Elbers Mirjam 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
K.H. Miskotte’s Bijbels ABC, recently translated into English as Biblical ABC s, resources resistance by carefully reading the Hebrew scriptures. This article argues that the central, defining theme of the book is the focus on the Name YHWH as ‘anti-pagan monument par excellence.’ Paganism for Miskotte does not mean the absence of religion nor a particular, polytheistic religion or worldview, but the natural human inclination to declare the existing order sacred. Humanity is profoundly ‘occupied’ and needs the Word, the Name-in-action, in order to be liberated from pagan, religious occupying forces—whether these forces are political, spiritual, military, economical or linguistic. This focus on the ‘anti-pagan’ stance of the Name determines the entire structure of Biblical ABC s, its method and content.
What are the Opinion Editorials Saying to the Church in the Philippines? Toward a Diagnostic Public Theology
Authors: Asiones Noel G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article seeks to contribute to the discourse from the perspective of opinion editorials (op-eds). We searched and collected a large sample of op-eds (N=110) from three major national newspaper archives to achieve this purpose. A thematic content analysis captured the central theme of the data related to the research question. There is a pressing need for the leaders of the Church to reform in three specific areas of its institution that can enable them to generate actions suitable to the changing social conditions. The results of this study have application potential for identifying the factors that could influence the reception or non-reception of the Church’s social and moral teachings in Philippine society with all its dynamic problems and challenges.
The Eclipse of Equality in a World of Extremes
Authors: Hooton Peter 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Christianity and democracy have in common the idea of equality before God and the law. But how seriously was this notion taken by the Christian architects of modern representative democracy, and how seriously is it taken in today’s deeply unequal democratic societies? Democracy has long embraced the idea of a formal equality of persons but has generally held substantive equality to be incompatible with the secure possession of private property, which is its overriding priority. This article explores the relationships of Christianity and democracy to property and wealth, and the ever-present tension in both between less and more rigorous forms of each. Christianity and democracy are for many people little more than identity markers, but their survival as robust and relevant approaches to social life depends on a vision – which includes Christ’s teachings on renunciation and democracy’s egalitarian ethos – underlying the forms.
Confronting the Monster of Slavery: David Ruggles, Public Theology, and Structural Sin
Authors: Hill Daniel Lee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While traditionally predicated of the individual’s will, sin seems to become enmeshed in our social structures and woven within the very fabric of our societies. The analysis of these social structures requires greater precision as does the manner in which the call to Christian charity conditions the response to them. This article seeks to extend the conceptual tool developed by Daniel Daly wherein social structures are evaluated in light of their vicious or virtuous nature with the help of nineteenth century abolitionist David Ruggles. Through this lens it becomes possible to see the vicious nature of a social structure that is concretized in the manner in which it shapes participants and, by extension, the manner in which it perverts the Christian community. Ruggles provides a helpful re-articulation of Christian charity as embodied resistance that seeks the progressive freedom of those in bondage.
The Demon in Potentiality and the Devil in Actuality: Two Principles of Evil according to 4th/10th Century Ismailism
Authors: De Smet Daniel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Kitāb al-Kašf and the Kitāb al-Šaǧara, two 4th/10th century Ismaili works, share a dualistic vision of the world, marked by a continuous struggle between good and evil, light and darkness. Evil is identified with the exoteric religion deprived of its esoteric dimension. It is caused by a satanic pair, typified by Abū Bakr and ʿUmar b. al-Ḫaṭṭāb, the archetypes of the antagonists (aḍdād) opposing the Prophets and their Imams, from Adam to the advent of the Resurrector (al-Qāʾim). Through a personalized reading of selected verses from the Qurʾān, the authors of both works interpret the rejection of ʿAlī’s legacy by the first two caliphs as the paradigm of all opposition against the Imām’s esoteric knowledge leading to salvation. When ʿUmar represents the principle of evil in se, Abū Bakr stands for the weakness of the largest part of mankind, eager to be induced into error. By introducing into this doctrine the Aristotelian distinction between potentiality and actuality, the Kitāb al-Šaǧara develops an encompassing theory about the dynamics of evil.
God Spatially Above and Spatially Extended: The Rationality of Ibn Taymiyya’s Refutation of Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Ašʿarī Incorporealism
Authors: Hoover Jon 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) wrote his tome Bayān talbīs al-ǧahmiyya to refute Ašʿarī kalām theologian Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s (d. 606/1210) argument in Taʾsīs al-taqdīs that God is not corporeal, located, or spatially extended. Bayān talbīs al-ǧahmiyya is the largest known refutation of kalām incorporealism in the Islamic tradition, and al-Rāzī’s Taʾsīs al-taqdīs was apparently the most sophisticated work of its kind circulating in Ibn Taymiyya’s Mamlūk scholarly milieu. Ibn Taymiyya in Bayān talbīs al-ǧahmiyya deconstructs al-Rāzī’s rational arguments and explicates an alternative theology of God’s relation to space. Translating his understanding of the meaning of the Qurʾān and the Sunna into kalām terminology and drawing on Ibn Rušd’s (d. 595/1198) Aristotelian notion of place as the inner surface of the containing body, Ibn Taymiyya envisions God in Bayān talbīs al-ǧahmiyya as a very large indivisible and spatially extended existent that is above and surrounds the created world in a spatial sense.
Le Comte de Monte-Cristo in Karamanlidika: In the Footsteps of Teodor Kasap
Authors: Şimşek Şehnaz Şişmanoğlu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Le Comte de Monte-Cristo (1844) by Alexandre Dumas père is among the popular novels translated into many languages and scripts in the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century. The Karamanlidika (Turkish in Greek script) edition of 1882–83 has not hitherto been studied in a comparative reading with the source text. This article identifies the source text as the Turkish in Arabic script translation of Monte Kristo (1871) by Teodor Kasap, a prominent figure in Ottoman Turkish literature and press. This source text affected the ornate language in the Karamanlidika translation, in sharp contrast to the general tendency towards plainness in the Karamanlidika fiction of the time. Taking “translation” (terceme) as an umbrella term, the article analyses the practices of both Kasap and the unknown Karamanlidika translator in translating the novel. The paper also analyses the conventional paratexts of the Karamanlidika edition, such as the publication house, the dedication page and the subscriber’s list in the back of the book to understand the mechanisms of book production and circulation among the Turcophone Orthodox community. One volume published in an Armeno-Turkish publishing house indicates an intercommunal publishing activity between Christian communities in mid-19th century. The subscriber’s list from various cities of Asia Minor and the dedication to an Anatolian notable is typical in the sense it shows the dominance of the Anatolian readers in the style, language and vocabulary of the texts produced in Karamanlidika.
Coacta voluntas est voluntas: Baptism and Return in Canon Law
Authors: Sherwood Jessie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Throughout the early Middle Ages, the border between Christianity and Judaism was comparatively permeable, and baptized Jews, particularly those baptized under duress, frequently returned openly to Judaism. While modern scholars of Jewish-Christian relations often assume that medieval canon law always forbade this, a single norm governing converts’ re-conversion, or reversion, did not begin to emerge until the mid-twelfth century with the Decretum Gratiani. The Decretum established the preeminence of the canon that barred Jewish baptizands’ reversion and acted as a catalyst for discussions about the limits of consent and coercion, baptism and conversion. These debates provided the foundation for the mandates of the early thirteenth century that did establish the legal boundary between Jew and Christian which lasted into modernity: so long as baptizands consented, even if under duress, they were Christians and could not return to Judaism.
William of Tyre, Orientalism and the (De)Construction of Latin Identity in Twelfth-century Jerusalem
Authors: Wolsing Ivo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article examines the representation of Jerusalemite identity in William of Tyre’s Historia Ierosolymitana (c.1184). William laments that his contemporaries in Jerusalem did not live up to the standards of their forefathers anymore: they were not wise, virtuous men, but put their own needs before those of the community. In doing so, William makes use of a narrative strategy that is found in the Roman historians Livy and Sallust as well. In the histories of Livy and Sallust, it was contact with the Near East that prompted societal decline. The riches and dolce far niente of the East had, in their eyes, corrupted Roman morals. In William’s work, by contrast, the Eastern Other often functions as a mirror for the Self. This, in combination with William’s emphasis on former generations as reference point for the current generation allows for a much more dynamic interplay of identities than an orientalist binary East-West division.
Studying Digital Pentecostalism
Authors: Cartledge Mark J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
One of the most important developments in recent history has been the invention of the internet and this has led to many academic disciplines developing digital research competence. However, there has been limited practical-theological research completed in the area of digitally mediated Pentecostalism. Therefore, this article addresses this important area, as conceived within the discipline of practical theology using empirical research methods. Even before the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, many Pentecostals had embraced an online delivery of worship and ministry. Nevertheless, the capacity for the digital mediation of beliefs and practices has developed considerably in 2020 and 2021, and these recent developments invite further critical attention. To develop competence in the study of digital Pentecostalism, practical theologians will be required to acquire competence in “virtual ethnography,” sometimes referred to as “netnography,” that is, the academic study of online communities, including online churches. As part of this competence, there is a need to reframe virtual ethnography within an empirical-theological approach as a subset of practical theology, and this includes attending to hermeneutical issues as well as technical competence (that is, methods of gathering and evaluating online data). In this article, I shall explore some of these methodological concerns and suggest ways in which scholars can develop approaches to the research of digital pentecostal and charismatic Christianity.
Latinos Shifting Republican?
Authors: Espinosa Gastón 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article utilizes the Latino Religions and Politics National Survey (n = 1,292) to provide a preliminary investigation into Latino religious and political identity and voting results in the 2020 Election. It provides important new data on the Latino vote lean by religion (Catholic, Protestant, Evangelical, Pentecostal, Catholic Charismatic), with special attention to the critical role that religion in general and Evangelicals and Pentecostals/Charismatics in particular may have played in helping to increase Latino Republican support for President Trump across the nation from 28 percent in 2016 to 32 percent in 2020 and increase his levels of support in Florida and Texas. While religion is just one of many important variables and factors that may help explain the recent if subtle Latino shift towards the Republican Party, it is nonetheless important.
Spiritualization of the Causes of Illness
Authors: Musoni Phillip , Chitando Ezra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study focused on the spiritualization of the causes and treatment of illness within the African Prophetic churches in Zimbabwe (and its diaspora) in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The study comes at a time when most prophetic churches seem to maintain a position that sicknesses and diseases are caused by evil spirits. While mainline/missionary churches are of the opinion that most sicknesses and diseases were caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, hence advocating for scientific health delivery systems for treatment, most Zimbabwean prophetic churches are identifying spiritual causes of sickness and advocating for spiritual methods of healing and deliverance. These African prophetic churches seem to have remained steadfast in maintaining their African traditional worldview on the causes and treatment of diseases that predates the advent of Christianity in Africa. Accordingly, this study selected the white garment churches (Vapositori) and their responses to Covid-19 to underscore the argument that spiritualisation of the causes of illness among most African prophetic churches has remained intact. Methodologically, a descriptive phenomenological approach was used for data collection, while an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to interpret data collected. Three main video clips on the church’s theology on the origin of Covid-19 posted on social media by white garment church members were transliterated. Interviews with the white garment church members were also carried out to triangulate data relating to these video clips posted on social media. Using this methodology, the major finding was that white garment churches operate within the African religio-cultural milieu where illness/disease has the cause-effect dichotomy. Unless the cause is diagnosed, holistic healing cannot be realised.
In Search of the Unicorn’s Virtue in a Rhino Horn Cup: Consumption of Rhino Horns and the Production of Knowledge in Early Modern Lisbon
Authors: Martinho Bruno A , Lopes Andrade António Manuel 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article focuses on the analysis of a medical consilium about a rhino horn written around 1570 by the Portuguese royal physician Jorge Godines to the Spanish ambassador in Lisbon. It sheds light on the processes of knowledge production concerning rhino and unicorn horns in early modern Lisbon. Through micro-historical analysis, we will demonstrate how demand, supply, and the availability of specimens, experience, information, and intellectual networks contributed to the establishment of a specific geography of scientific knowledge around the city. The analysis hopes to contribute to the disclosure of a more heterogeneous scientific landscape in early modern Europe, where practices of knowledge production depended very much on local contacts and on the agents’ individual trajectories.
Images & Color: The Strasbourg Printer Johann Schott (1477–1548) and His Circle
Authors: Bertoloni Meli Domenico 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While most Renaissance scholars working on compendia of learning, geography, surgery, legal history, art history, the Reformation, and botany will be familiar with the name of Johann Schott, few have appreciated the range and impact of the Strasbourg printer’s publications. Here I discuss a handful among the over two hundred books and other materials he printed: Gregor Reisch’s Margarita Philosophica; the edition of Ptolemy’s Geographia with Waldseemüller’s maps; Hans von Gersdorff, Feldtbuch der Wundarzney; and – the main focus this essay – Herbarum vivae eicones, with figures by Hans Weiditz and text by Otto Brunfels. Schott can be seen as an architect or active agent of his publications; his innovative use of images and color can be seen as having progressively developed from his early prints to his celebrated herbal.
Making the South Seas a “Chinese” Mission Field: Chinese Evangelical Missionaries to Southeast Asia, 1920s to 1950s
Authors: Sim (沈道偉) Joshua Dao Wei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The emergence of Chinese evangelicals as missionaries in the first half of the twentieth century is an understudied topic. This paper thus seeks to foreground their voices by focusing on their Southeast Asian evangelistic work. By drawing on publications related to the Chinese Foreign Missionary Union and Alliance Bible Seminary, it is clear these missionaries were able to show their competency as transnational, inter-cultural workers that could undertake effective missionary work. This is shown in three ways. First, I argue that these evangelicals sought to carve out the South Seas (Nanyang) as a “Chinese” mission field by constructing narratives that emphasized a Chinese-Christian obligation to evangelize the region. Second, these evangelicals added a racial dimension to these narratives by claiming that they were more suited to evangelize the Nanyang peoples. Thirdly, I suggest that they eschewed “top-down” missionary methods and employed a grassroots approach in their engagement with different communities.
Internalized Oppression in Chinese Australian Christians and Its Mission Impact
Authors: Lung (龍歐陽可惠) Grace 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper argues that Chinese Australian Christians have unaddressed wounds of internalized racism and a colonized and colonizing mentality that adversely impacts their evangelistic witness and mission work by elevating Anglo-centric Christianity and subordinating their own ethno-racial status.
Drawing on theoretical analyses, the sources of internalized racism and colonial mentality in Chinese Australians are first outlined within their ancestral countries of Hong Kong and Malaysia, and then their host country of Australia. Second, the essay explains how Anglo-centric Christianity impacts Chinese Australian Christians in the academy and then in missions, perpetuating prejudice towards one’s own ethnic group, complicity in racialized systems, as well as elevating Anglo-centric Christian thought as biblically normative. Third, the paper shows how the rise of Asian Christianity could further privilege Anglo-centric theologies at the expense of indigenous and/or Asian theologies. Consequently, internalized racism and a colonial mentality negatively affect the mission endeavours of Chinese Australians, particularly to new Chinese migrants and other people of colour. Finally, proposed ways to combat internalized oppression will be offered so that Chinese Australian Christians and other diasporic Christians living in the West do not perpetuate systems of racial injustice in the name of Christ locally or overseas through mission.
Travelling Theories
Authors: van den Heever Gerhard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This introductory essay takes recourse to the work of Edward Said on travelling theories and Michel Foucault on discursive formations, to highlight the historicity of all theorising, and the manufacturedness of all theoretical work. Particular attention is paid to experience as embeddedness, the construction of knowledge formations and disciplines, and the effects on knowledge formation of reappropriations and recontextualisations of theories and concepts. The metaphor of travel and of being in transit has been appropriated across diverse discourses and disciplinary domains to signal adaptions and re-applications of theories and concepts from one context to another, from one conceptual domain or discipline to another, and the embedment of theories and concepts in the concrete historical vicissitudes affecting the life of the theorist. This serves to frame the essays collected in this issue by the constellation of issues highlighted with appeal to discursive formations, retooling disciplines, and hosting travelling theories.