bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo-electron tomography of intact cardiac muscle reveals myosin binding protein-C linking myosin and actin filaments
Authors: Huang Xinrui , Torre Iratxe , Chiappi Michele , Yin Zhan , Vydyanath Anupama , Cao Shuangyi , Raschdorf Oliver , Beeby Morgan , Quigley Bonnie , de Tombe Pieter P. , Liu Jun , Morris Edward P. , Luther Pradeep K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMyosin binding protein C (MyBP-C) is an accessory protein of the thick filament in vertebrate cardiac muscle arranged over 9 stripes of intervals of 430 Å in each half of the A-band in the region called the C-zone. Mutations in cardiac MyBP-C are a leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy the mechanism of which is unknown. It is a rod-shaped protein composed of 10 or 11 immunoglobulin- or fibronectin-like domains labelled C0 to C10 which binds to the thick filament via its C-terminal region. MyBP-C regulates contraction in a phosphorylation dependent fashion that may be through binding of its N-terminal domains with myosin or actin. Understanding the 3D organisation of MyBP-C in the sarcomere environment may provide new light on its function. We report here the fine structure of MyBP-C in relaxed rat cardiac muscle by cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging of refrozen Tokuyasu cryosections. We find that on average MyBP-C connects via its distal end to actin across a disc perpendicular to the thick filament. The path of MyBP-C suggests that the central domains may interact with myosin heads. Surprisingly MyBP-C at Stripe 4 is different; it has weaker density than the other stripes which could result from a mainly axial or wavy path. Given that the same feature at Stripe 4 can also be found in several mammalian cardiac muscles and in some skeletal muscles, our finding may have broader implication and significance. In the D-zone, we show the first demonstration of myosin crowns arranged on a uniform 143 Å repeat.
The concept of alterity: its usage and its relevance for critical qualitative researchers in the era of Trump
Authors: Muhammad E. Anthony 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlterity is a concept with an extensive yet elusive history. Popularly conceived of as radical difference and Otherness, I identify alterity as the source of much of the virulent forms of racism, sexism, islamophobia, and other dichotomies in society that pit one group against another. Coming out of the tradition of critical qualitative inquiry, I offer a genealogy of the concept of alterity through various contexts and disciplines with a focus on its use in traditional Western philosophy. Within this tradition, the alteric relationship between the Self and the Other was typified by a preeminence bestowed upon the Self and an adversarial, totalizing posture taken toward the Other. Relying on a hermeneutic methodology, I theorize the development of alterity within this tradition as the root of the Eurocentric project of hegemony and subjugation that has culminated in and solidified White supremacy and that manifest today as Trump era articulations of racism and nativism in American society. Detailing the early twentieth century postmodern turn in Western philosophy which rehabilitated the Other from the tyranny of the Self, I use that history as a model for reclaiming the racial, cultural, and religious Others that continue to be marginalized throughout American society. Enlisting the notion of borderlands from border pedagogy, the ethics of care of Emmanuel Levinas, and the tenets of critical qualitative inquiry, I argue for a deliberate and focused project of activist research and critical pedagogy to not only rehabilitate and give voice to marginalized groups but to also deterritorialize the borderlands between the Self of White society and those who have been Othered by White society.
Short-term exposure to particulate matter and effects on emergency hospital admissions for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: an ecological study from an aged European metropolis
Authors: Franco Pedro , Gordo Cristina , Marques da Costa Eduarda , Lopes António 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are important neurodegenerative disorders, especially in an aging population context that prevails in high-developed countries and Europe in particular. It is known that exposure to particulate matter (PM) leads to the production and deposition of aggregate clusters of proteins, which are linked to neurological disorders and impediments. Nonetheless, only a few works study the short-term exposure to PM and its association with hospital admissions or mortality due to AD or PD. This study assesses the association between exposure to PM and emergency hospital admissions for AD and PD in an aging metropole, serving as a case study for most European big cities. Daily emergency hospital admissions due to AD and PD data were obtained for the 2012 to 2015 period and multivariate Poisson regression models were used to evaluate the association between PM and admissions while controlling for the day of the week, seasonality, and environmental factors. Furthermore, lagged observations were assessed. Results show that an increase in exposure to PM2.5 resulted in a percentage increase in emergency hospital admissions due to AD and PD. Also, age was an effect modifier for PD admissions. Additionally, greater effects were felt at shorter lags for AD and delayed/longer lags for PD. This study found a relationship between short-term exposure to PM and AD and PD hospital admissions in an urban context, drawing attention to the importance of air pollution for urban health, especially in areas with an aged population structure.
Laparoscopic versus open surgery for gallbladder carcinoma: safety, feasibility, and oncological outcomes
Authors: Wu Xin , Li Binglu , Zheng Chaoji , Liu Wei , Hong Tao , He Xiaodong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Gallbladder carcinoma (GC) is a rare malignant tumor. Laparoscopic technology has revolutionized the reality of surgery. However, whether laparoscopic surgery is suitable for GC has not been clarified. We aimed to analyze the safety, feasibility, and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in GC.

Methods
The medical records of patients with GC treated at our hospital between January 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who underwent laparoscopic and open surgery were compared. Propensity score matched analysis was performed to balance the basic characteristics of the two groups. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to describe and compare the overall and disease-free survival rates between the groups.

Results
A total of 163 patients with GC were included. Cholelithiasis was detected in 64 (39.3%) patients. Seventy patients were matched after propensity score matching. The laparoscopic group was significantly better than the open group in terms of operation time (p < 0.001), blood loss (p = 0.002), drain time (p = 0.001), and hospital stay (p < 0.001). After a median follow-up time of 19 (12, 35) months, there was no significant difference in the cumulative overall (p = 0.650) and disease-free (p = 0.663) survival rates between the laparoscopic and open groups according to Kaplan–Meier curves.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic surgery can reduce the operation time and blood loss, and shorten drain time and hospital stay without increasing the incidence of complications. Patients undergoing laparoscopic and open surgery have a similar prognosis. Laparoscopic surgery is worth promoting in patients with GC.
Application of video frame interpolation to markerless, single-camera gait analysis
Authors: Dunn Marcus , Kennerley Adam , Murrell-Smith Zhane , Webster Kate , Middleton Kane , Wheat Jon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn clinic settings, factors such as time, cost, expertise, and technology feasibility limit the use of instrumented biomechanical analysis. Recent advances in commercial markerless motion capture systems can address patient ease-of-use factors, but are high cost and require specialised equipment, dedicated spaces, and technical expertise. As such, they present similar limitations to biomechanical analyses in clinic settings. Single-camera pose estimation techniques have generated cautious optimism for markerless gait analysis. However, parameters derived using low-cost and low-sample rate cameras commonly used in clinic settings are not yet accurate enough to detect change in complex movement systems. Video frame interpolation is a single-step process that artificially increases the sample rate of videos. This study applied video frame interpolation to videos of walking and demonstrates improved precision for step, stance, swing and double support times, as well as marginal improvements to the precision of ankle and knee joint angles, derived by single-camera pose estimation. Video frame interpolation potentially represents a delimiting factor for gait analysis in clinic settings, as limiting factors such as time, cost, technology feasibility and patient ease-of-use can be minimised.
Temporal Relationship between Impairment of Cerebellar Motor Learning and Deterioration of Ataxia in Patients with Cerebellar Degeneration
Authors: Honda Takeru , Matsumura Ken , Hashimoto Yuji , Yokota Takanori , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Nagao Soichi , Ishikawa Kinya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ataxia and impaired motor learning are both fundamental features in diseases affecting the cerebellum. However, it remains unclarified whether motor learning is impaired only when ataxia clearly manifests, nor it is known whether the progression of ataxia, the speed of which often varies among patients with the same disease, can be monitored by examining motor learning. We evaluated motor learning and ataxia at intervals of several months in 40 patients with degenerative conditions [i.e., multiple system atrophy (MSA), Machado–Joseph disease (MJD)/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), SCA6, and SCA31]. Motor learning was quantified as the adaptability index (AI) in the prism adaptation task and ataxia was scored using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). We found that AI decreased most markedly in both MSA-C and MSA-P, moderately in MJD, and mildly in SCA6 and SCA31. Overall, the AI decrease occurred more rapidly than the SARA score increase. Interestingly, AIs remained normal in purely parkinsonian MSA-P patients (n = 4), but they dropped into the ataxia range when these patients started to show ataxia. The decrease in AI during follow-up (dAI/dt) was significant in patients with SARA scores < 10.5 compared with patients with SARA scores ≥ 10.5, indicating that AI is particularly useful for diagnosing the earlier phase of cerebellar degeneration. We conclude that AI is a useful marker for progressions of cerebellar diseases, and that evaluating the motor learning of patients can be particularly valuable for detecting cerebellar impairment, which is often masked by parkinsonisms and other signs.
Quantitative Oculomotor Assessment in Hereditary Ataxia: Systematic Review and Consensus by the Ataxia Global Initiative Working Group on Digital-motor Biomarkers
Authors: Garces Pilar , Antoniades Chrystalina A. , Sobanska Anna , Kovacs Norbert , Ying Sarah H. , Gupta Anoopum S. , Perlman Susan , Szmulewicz David J. , Pane Chiara , Németh Andrea H. , Jardim Laura B. , Coarelli Giulia , Dankova Michaela , Traschütz Andreas , Tarnutzer Alexander A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOculomotor deficits are common in hereditary ataxia, but disproportionally neglected in clinical ataxia scales and as outcome measures for interventional trials. Quantitative assessment of oculomotor function has become increasingly available and thus applicable in multicenter trials and offers the opportunity to capture severity and progression of oculomotor impairment in a sensitive and reliable manner. In this consensus paper of the Ataxia Global Initiative Working Group On Digital Oculomotor Biomarkers, based on a systematic literature review, we propose harmonized methodology and measurement parameters for the quantitative assessment of oculomotor function in natural-history studies and clinical trials in hereditary ataxia. MEDLINE was searched for articles reporting on oculomotor/vestibular properties in ataxia patients and a study-tailored quality-assessment was performed. One-hundred-and-seventeen articles reporting on subjects with genetically confirmed (n=1134) or suspected hereditary ataxia (n=198), and degenerative ataxias with sporadic presentation (n=480) were included and subject to data extraction. Based on robust discrimination from controls, correlation with disease-severity, sensitivity to change, and feasibility in international multicenter settings as prerequisite for clinical trials, we prioritize a core-set of five eye-movement types: (i) pursuit eye movements, (ii) saccadic eye movements, (iii) fixation, (iv) eccentric gaze holding, and (v) rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex. We provide detailed guidelines for their acquisition, and recommendations on the quantitative parameters to extract. Limitations include low study quality, heterogeneity in patient populations, and lack of longitudinal studies. Standardization of quantitative oculomotor assessments will facilitate their implementation, interpretation, and validation in clinical trials, and ultimately advance our understanding of the evolution of oculomotor network dysfunction in hereditary ataxias.
Analysis and validation of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration characteristics in pediatric sepsis by integrating bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Wen-Yuan , Chen Zhong-Hua , An Xiao-Xia , Li Hui , Zhang Hua-Lin , Wu Shui-Jing , Guo Yu-Qian , Zhang Kai , Zeng Cong-Li , Fang Xiang-Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPediatric sepsis is a complicated condition characterized by life-threatening organ failure resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection in children. It is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, and rapid detection and administration of antimicrobials have been emphasized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic biomarkers of pediatric sepsis and the function of immune cell infiltration in the development of this illness.MethodsThree gene expression datasets were available from the Gene Expression Omnibus collection. First, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found with the use of theRprogram, and then gene set enrichment analysis was carried out. Subsequently, the DEGs were combined with the major module genes chosen using the weighted gene co-expression network. The hub genes were identified by the use of three machine-learning algorithms: random forest, support vector machine-recursive feature elimination, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The receiver operating characteristic curve and nomogram model were used to verify the discrimination and efficacy of the hub genes. In addition, the inflammatory and immune status of pediatric sepsis was assessed using cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT). The relationship between the diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells was further studied.ResultsOverall, after overlapping key module genes and DEGs, we detected 402 overlapping genes. As pediatric sepsis diagnostic indicators, CYSTM1 (AUC = 0.988), MMP8 (AUC = 0.973), and CD177 (AUC = 0.986) were investigated and demonstrated statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) and diagnostic efficacy in the validation set. As indicated by the immune cell infiltration analysis, multiple immune cells may be involved in the development of pediatric sepsis. Additionally, all diagnostic characteristics may correlate with immune cells to varying degrees.ConclusionsThe candidate hub genes (CD177, CYSTM1, and MMP8) were identified, and the nomogram was constructed for pediatric sepsis diagnosis. Our study could provide potential peripheral blood diagnostic candidate genes for pediatric sepsis patients.
Total CroFab and Anavip Antivenom Vial Administration in US Rattlesnake Envenomations: 2019–2021
Authors: Brandehoff Nicklaus , Dalton Alicia , Daugherty Claire , Dart Richard C. , Monte Andrew A. ,   On behalf of the ToxIC Snakebite Study Group
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
In 2018, Anavip became available for the treatment of rattlesnake envenomations in the USA. No comparisons between the treatment characteristics of patients have been made since Anavip and CroFab have both been widely available. The objective of this study was to compare the number of antivenom vials administered of CroFab and Anavip during the treatment of rattlesnake envenomations in the USA.

Methods
This was a secondary analysis of rattlesnake envenomations utilizing the North American Snakebite Registry (NASBR) from 2019 through 2021. Frequencies and proportions were used to summarize demographics and baseline clinical characteristics. The primary outcome was total antivenom vials administered during treatment. Secondary outcomes included the number antivenom administration events, total treatment time, and hospital length of stay.

Results
Two hundred ninety-one rattlesnake envenomations were analyzed; most occurred in the Western USA (n = 279, 96 %). One hundred one patients (35%) received only CroFab, 110 (38%) received Anavip only, and 80 (27%) received both products. The median number of vials used was 10 for CroFab, 18 for Anavip, and 20 for both antivenoms. More than one antivenom administration was necessary in thirty-nine (39%) patients that received only CroFab and 76 (69%) patients that received Anavip only. The median total treatment time was 5.5 hours for CroFab, 6.5 for Anavip, and 15.5 hours when both antivenoms were administered. All antivenom groups had a median hospital length of stay of 2 days.

Conclusions
Rattlesnake envenomated patients in the Western USA treated with CroFab had fewer antivenom vials and fewer antivenom administrations compared to patients treated with Anavip.
Nash blowups of toric varieties in prime characteristic
Authors: Duarte Daniel , Jeffries Jack , Núñez-Betancourt Luis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe initiate the study of the resolution of singularities properties of Nash blowups over fields of prime characteristic. We prove that the iteration of normalized Nash blowups desingularizes normal toric surfaces. We also introduce a prime characteristic version of the logarithmic Jacobian ideal of a toric variety and prove that its blowup coincides with the Nash blowup of the variety. As a consequence, the Nash blowup of a, not necessarily normal, toric variety of arbitrary dimension in prime characteristic can be described combinatorially.
Perverse schobers and Orlov equivalences
Authors: Koseki Naoki , Ouchi Genki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA perverse schober is a categorification of a perverse sheaf proposed by Kapranov–Schechtman. In this paper, we construct examples of perverse schobers on the Riemann sphere, which categorify the intersection complexes of natural local systems arising from the mirror symmetry for Calabi–Yau hypersurfaces. The Orlov equivalence plays a key role for the construction.
Comparison of mechanical properties and structure of Haynes 282 consolidated via two different powder metallurgy methods: laser powder bed fusion and hot pressing
Authors: Maj P. , Bochenek K. , Sitek R. , Koralnik M. , Jonak K. , Wieczorek M. , Pakieła Z. , Mizera J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The development of powder metallurgy methods in recent years has caused traditional casting methods to be replaced in many industrial applications. Using such methods, it is possible to obtain parts having the required geometry after a process that saves both manufacturing costs and time. However, there are many material issues that decrease the functionality of these methods, including mechanical properties anisotropy and greater susceptibility to cracking due to chemical segregation. The main aim of the current article is to analyze these issues in depth for two powder metallurgy manufacturing processes: laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and hot-pressing (HP) methods—selected for the experiment because they are in widespread use. Microstructure and mechanical tests were performed in the main manufacturing directions, X and Z. The results show that in both powder metallurgy methods, anisotropy was an issue, although it seems that the problem was more significant for the samples produced via LPBF SLM technique, which displayed only half the elongation in the building direction (18%) compared with the perpendicular direction (almost 38%). However, it should be noted that the fracture toughness of LPBF shows high values in the main directions, higher even than those of the HP and wrought samples. Additionally, the highest level of homogeneity even in comparison with wrought sample, was observed for the HP sintered samples with equiaxed grains with visible twin boundaries. The tensile properties, mainly strength and elongation, were the highest for HP material. Overall, from a practical standpoint, the results showed that HP sintering is the best method in terms of homogeneity based on microstructural and mechanical properties.
A thoracoscopic cadaveric teaching model for needle decompression of a tension pneumothorax
Authors: Parra Kristine T. , Gower Jonathan R. , Floan Gretchen M. , Heflinger Megan V. , Sisson William B. , Halbach Jonathan L. , Ignacio Romeo C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cadaveric teaching model for needle compression of pneumothorax simulated by thoracoscopy.

Materials and methods
A standardized didactic instruction was provided to medical personnel participants at a single institution tertiary medical center. A thoracoscope was inserted into cadavers and insufflated to 20 mm Hg for simulation of a tension pneumothorax. The study participants performed six needle decompressions (3 anterior, 3 lateral), which were all directly observed thoracoscopically. Demographic data and post-surveys were obtained. The primary endpoint was participant assessment of this teaching model for a simulated pneumothorax. Secondary endpoints were successful decompression of the pneumothorax, perceived success of each attempt, and injury to intrathoracic structures.

Results
Forty participants completed 240 attempted decompressions. Participants reported that 43% had taken ATLS, and 63% had performed a needle decompression on a simulated patient prior to this study. The rate of successful decompressions was 85.86%. Participants reported a perceived successful completion rate of 82%. 73.7% performed this safely, while 88.5% perceived that they performed it safely. 85.7% stated that they felt more confident and capable after the study.

Conclusion
A simulated model is essential for adequate teaching. Our use of a thoracoscopic cadaveric model provides a realistic simulation of the pneumothorax used for training. Participants had similar rates of actual completion and perceived completion including higher rates of perceived safety. Further use of this model as a teaching tool will potentially improve the success of this life-saving procedure.