bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative histological analysis of the alae nasi in French bulldogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome and unaffected non‐brachycephalic dogs
Authors: di Virgilio Fabrizio , Guelette Vivien , Prata Daniela , Boulouha Lilia , Santos Marisa , Belluzzi Elena , Caraty Johan , Bongartz Alexandre , Deneuche Aymeric 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrachycephalic dogs are characterised by a short and flat nose. This cranial conformation is associated with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, a respiratory syndrome primarily characterised by stenotic nares, a hyperplastic soft palate and a hypoplastic trachea, among other malformations, with secondary abnormalities resulting in upper airway obstructionMethodsIn this study, we aimed to characterise and compare the histological features of tissue samples harvested from the alae nasi of French bulldogs and non‐brachycephalic dogs. Samples from the alae nasi of 11 French bulldogs and 13 non‐brachycephalic dogs were collected. Four‐μm‐thick, paraffin‐embedded sections were obtained from each tissue sample and mounted on glass slides, followed by staining with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid–Schiff and toluidine blue for histological examination.ResultsThe only variation observed between the samples obtained from French bulldogs and those obtained from non‐brachycephalic dogs concerned the presence of cartilage in the specimens. Cartilage was absent in 10 of 11 French bulldogs but present in nine of 13 non‐brachycephalic dogs; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).LimitationsThe findings of this study need further validation in future prospective studies. It would be useful to examine the entire nostril wing, to include additional brachycephalic breeds, a larger number of subjects spanning a wider age range and degree of stenotic nares severity, a larger tissue sample, and a broadening of the control group to include dolichocephalic and mesaticephalic dogs.ConclusionThis study found an absence of cartilage in French bulldog nare specimens compared to those from non‐brachycephalic dogs. This absence of cartilage may contribute to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome, although histological examination of the entire wing of the nostrils is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
A systematic review of honey bee (Apis mellifera, Linnaeus, 1758) infections and available treatment options
Authors: Nekoei Shahin , Rezvan Mahsa , Khamesipour Faham , Mayack Christopher , Molento Marcelo Beltrão , Revainera Pablo Damián 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHoney bees and honeycomb bees are very valuable for wild flowering plants and economically important crops due to their role as pollinators. However, these insects confront many disease threats (viruses, parasites, bacteria and fungi) and large pesticide concentrations in the environment. Varroa destructor is the most prevalent disease that has had the most negative effects on the fitness and survival of different honey bees (Apis mellifera and A. cerana). Moreover, honey bees are social insects and this ectoparasite can be easily transmitted within and across bee colonies.ObjectiveThis review aims to provide a survey of the diversity and distribution of important bee infections and possible management and treatment options, so that honey bee colony health can be maintained.MethodsWe used PRISMA guidelines throughout article selection, published between January 1960 and December 2020. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Ovid databases were searched.ResultsWe have collected 132 articles and retained 106 articles for this study. The data obtained revealed that V. destructor and Nosema spp. were found to be the major pathogens of honey bees worldwide. The impact of these infections can result in the incapacity of forager bees to fly, disorientation, paralysis, and death of many individuals in the colony. We find that both hygienic and chemical pest management strategies must be implemented to prevent, reduce the parasite loads and transmission of pathogens. The use of an effective miticide (fluvalinate‐tau, coumaphos and amitraz) now seems to be an essential and common practice required to minimise the impact of Varroa mites and other pathogens on bee colonies. New, alternative biofriendly control methods, are on the rise, and could be critical for maintaining honey bee hive health and improving honey productivity.ConclusionsWe suggest that critical health control methods be adopted globally and that an international monitoring system be implemented to determine honey bee colony safety, regularly identify parasite prevalence, as well as potential risk factors, so that the impact of pathogens on bee health can be recognised and quantified on a global scale.
Designing improved electromagnetic shielding efficacy of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3hydroxyvalerate) nanocomposites foam using carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Wang Longzhen , Wei Xinyi , Bai Yu'an , Zhou Hongfu , Wang Xiangdong , Wen Bianying , Wang Yaqiao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNowadays, one of the design direction of bio‐derived and biodegradable polymer foams with multi‐functionalization is how to attain superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding property, which has become a hot topic. Herein, bio‐based poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) foams filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and/or graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were fabricated by supercritical carbon dioxide. As observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, the CNTs and GNPs in PHBV matrix might gradually construct three kinds of network structures (CNTs‐CNTs, GNPs‐GNPs and GNPs‐CNTs network structures), which would improve the melt viscoelasticity, crystallization, electrical, dielectric and EMI shielding properties of PHBV. The complex viscosity and storage modulus of PHBV nanocomposites with the ratio of CNTs/GNPs as 1:1 rose nearly three orders of magnitudes than those of pure PHBV, in addition, its crystallization temperature and crystallinity increased remarkably to 122°C and 62%, individually. When the CNTs/GNPs ratio was 1:1 at a low total content of 3 wt%, PHBV nanocomposite and its foam implemented the high dielectric properties. Furthermore, the EMI specific shielding effectiveness of obtained PHBV was blend with 1.5 wt% CNTs and 1.5 wt% GNPs nanocomposite foam was the highest, reaching 19.3 dB cm3/g. This work paved a feasible way to the production of eco‐friendly PHBV nanocomposite foams for the application of electronics and aerospace industries.Highlights
PHBV/CNTs/GNPs foams were prepared using a scCO2‐assisted foaming method.
Dispersion of carbon fillers in PHBV was the best as CNTs/GNPs ratio was 1:1.
G' of PHBV/C1.5/G1.5 specimens were increased by three orders of magnitude.
EMI specific shielding effectiveness of PHBV/C1.5/G1.5 nanocomposite foam could reach 19.3 dB cm3/g.
Allergic rhinitis facts from an Irish pediatric population
Authors: Nae Andreea , Heffernan Colleen B. , Colreavy Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAssessing the main allergens in the pediatric population from the largest urban area in the country.MethodsClinical letters of patients referred with possible allergic rhinitis (AR) were retrospectively reviewed over the past 5 years.ResultsFive hundred and fifty‐five patients were included. Males suffer twice as often with AR than females and have high titers of allergens. House dust mites (44.7%) and grass pollen (29%) were the main allergens in our area, with 48% of patients sensitized to both allergens. Half of the patients had the diagnosis of AR confirmed with positive allergen‐specific tests. For the other half, the diagnosis was based on a clinical assessment performed by a pediatric otolaryngologist.ConclusionsHalf of suspected AR children have environmental allergen sensitivity confirmed by testing, and a large number had a clinical diagnosis of AR after an otolaryngology consultation. Our findings can help clinicians to initiate AR treatment considering the most problematic allergens in the area.
Barosinusitis due to routine weather changes: A cross‐sectional analysis of public websites
Authors: Campbell James C. , Canick Julia E. , Chen Philip G. , Hachem Ralph Abi , Jang David W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSinusitis is a common diagnosis that can be erroneously associated with routine weather‐related barometric pressure changes. In actuality, these pressure changes likely exacerbate migraine headaches, which can cause facial pain and pressure rather than true sinus inflammation.ObjectiveThe present study sought to characterize the representation of both sinusitis and migraine in association with barometric pressure changes across websites on the Internet.MethodsAn Internet search for relevant terms was conducted, and content of the resulting pages was assessed for associations between weather‐related pressure changes and either sinusitis or migraine. Variations in reported results across different subtypes of Internet sources were analyzed. The primary outcomes measured were (1) whether a given media source associated barometric weather changes with sinusitis, (2) whether that source associated barometric weather changes with migraine, and (3) treatment options offered by that source.ResultsOf the 116 included webpages, 36 (31.03%) associated sinusitis and routine barometric pressure changes. Of these, 10 (27.77%) were otolaryngology practice sites. Sixty‐seven webpages (57.76%) associated migraine and routine barometric pressure changes. Of these, nonotolaryngology webpages were more likely to report this link.ConclusionsOtolaryngology practice sites were observed to be the most frequent professional medical resource reporting the unsubstantiated claim that routine barometric pressure changes are associated with sinusitis. Nonotolaryngology sources were more likely to link weather‐related pressure changes to migraine. These results suggest that opportunities exist for otolaryngology practice sites to educate patients about nonrhinogenic headache etiologies.
An adaptive decomposition algorithm for quantitative spectral CT imaging
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Yun Xiangyu , Wang Zhe , Li Mohan , Hu Jinming , Wang Chengmin , Wei Cunfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the development of photon counting detectors (PCDs), spectral CT achieves higher performance than in the past, thus has better application prospects. In this paper, an adaptive dual effect decomposition (ADED) algorithm is proposed to perform the quantitative estimation of effective atomic number and electron density. The algorithm is an empirical material identification algorithm that achieves calibration by combining polynomials on the projection data and constraining in the image domain. In addition, we also propose an innovative effective atomic number estimation model with an accurate physical model that adaptively adjusts the parameters according to the x‐ray energy and material type. The performance of the algorithm was verified by experiment and simulation in this paper. Compared to the conventional basis material decomposition algorithm, the proposed ADED algorithm reduces the relative error in the quantification of the effective atomic number from 4.5%–12.0% to 0.3%–4.5%. Overall, the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the accuracy of quantifying the effective atomic number.
Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogeny and Exploration—An Introduction
Authors: Huston David L. , Lambert Ian , Gutzmer Jens 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough (Soddy, Nature 92:399–400, 1913) inferred the existence of isotopes early last century, it was not until the discovery of the neutron by (Chadwick, Nature 129:312, 1932) that isotopes were understood to result from differing numbers of neutrons in atomic nuclei. (Urey, J Chem Soc 1947:562–581, 1947) predicted that different isotopes would behave slightly differently in chemical (and physical) reactions due to mass differences, leading to the concept of isotopic fractionation. The discovery that some elements transformed into other elements by radioactive decay happened even before the recognition of isotopes (Rutherford and Soddy, Lond Edinb Dublin Philos Mag 4:370–396, 1902), although the role that different isotopes played in this process was discovered later. The twin, and related, concepts of isotopes and radioactive decay have been used by geoscience and other scientific disciplines as tools to understand geochemical processes such as mineralization, and also the age and duration of these processes. This book is a review of how isotope geoscience has developed to better understand the processes of ore formation and metallogenesis, and thereby improve mineral system models used in exploration.
The Potential of Zn Isotopes in the Science and Exploration of Ore Deposits
Authors: Wilkinson Jamie J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the turn of the Century, the growth in development and application of zinc isotopes to multiple fields in terrestrial and planetary sciences has been exponential. The potential for the application of zinc isotope systematics to ore deposit formation processes was obvious from the outset, given that they represent the most significant concentrations of zinc on Earth and because this approach allowed, for the first time, direct assessment of zinc metal origins and transport. This contribution presents a brief summary of the notation and analytical procedures for analysis of zinc isotopes and summarizes the terrestrial data reported to date. These results show that the variation in zinc isotope composition in rocks and ore systems is in fact rather small (< 2 ‰), linked, at least in part, to the single oxidation state in which zinc occurs in nature. Based on an assessment of the literature, the principal mechanisms for causing isotopic fractionation are all relatively low temperature processes: (i) biogenic; (ii) supergene dissolution-reprecipitation; (iii) adsorption–desorption reactions; and (iv) hydrothermal precipitation. High temperature igneous processes do not appear to produce significant isotopic variations. In ore deposit studies, it currently appears unlikely that zinc isotopes can be used to constrain potential metal sources, apart from zinc derived from carbonate host rocks which tends to be isotopically heavy. However, there are a number of systems in which systematic variation in δ66Zn of sulfides suggests that Rayleigh-type fractionation during ore mineral precipitation occurs, opening up the possibility of using zinc isotopes to trace flow paths and vector in towards mineralized centers. Modeling of such hydrothermal processes is currently hindered by a paucity of experimentally-determined fractionation factors, but as such work is done, our ability to better understand and utilize zinc isotopic zonation patterns for the purposes of mineral exploration will be progressively enhanced.
Conspicuously Silent: The Excesses of Religion and Medicine in Emma Donoghue’s Historical Novels The Wonder and The Pull of the Stars
Authors: Morales-Ladrón Marisol 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores Emma Donoghue’s The Wonder (2016) and The Pull of the Stars (2020) as texts that address the wrongs of the male-dominated institutions of religion and medicine, silently complicit of various kinds of female invisibility. As will be discussed from a cultural memory approach, The Wonder, a story tinted with religious fervour and scientific scepticism, probes into the so-called fasting-girls phenomenon and ultimately exposes a diseased culture nurtured by toxic practices of silence. Similarly, The Pull of the Stars, a novel set in a Dublin ward during the 1918 Great Flu pandemic which depicts the struggles of several female characters and their attempts to save the lives of labouring women, is analysed as a text concerned with retrieving the historically suppressed female body, controlled by male regulatory practices of health care and religious morality.
“He’s Been Wanting to Say That for a Long Time”: Varieties of Silence in Colm Tóibín’s Fiction
Authors: Carregal-Romero José 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the multivalent significance of silence in Colm Tóibín’s fiction, from his debut novelThe South(1990) to his collection of storiesThe Empty Family(2010). The chapter considers Colm Tóibín’s use of silence as an aesthetic practice and key narrative element that foregrounds the tensions between revelation and concealment, emotional release and reticence, as well as the ambiguities between knowing and unknowing, which underlie most of his protagonists’ dilemmas. The analysis pays attention to how Tóibín dramatises sexual taboos and traumas—i.e. familial homophobia and AIDS stigma—through narratives that develop within the domain of personal silences. The chapter thus identifies and assesses a discourse of silence running through Tóibín’s oeuvre, which constructs his characters’ psychology as they navigate personal and social pressures, and attempt to come to terms with their emotional truths.
Zusammenfassung und Begründung der Forschungsfragen
Authors: Marusic Claudia 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Ausführungen der bisherigen Kapitel zeigen, dass unterschiedliche Zugänge miteinander verbunden werden müssen, um die Frage nach den Handlungsorientierungen im Umgang mit Unterrichtsstörungen von Lehrpersonen aus Schulen mit und ohne personalisierte Lernkonzepte theoretisch und empirisch einzubetten. Es wurden Grundlagen zu Unterrichtsstörungen, zur Unterrichtsqualität und zur Professionalität von Lehrpersonen miteinander verknüpft. Nachfolgend werden die einzelnen Kapitel zusammengefasst und die Verbindungen nochmals überblickend dargestellt.
Achievement Sets of Reciprocals of Complete Sequences
Authors: Marchwicki Jacek 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe paper is dedicated to answer Question 1 from the preprint of the paper (Jones in Am Math Mon 118: 508-521, 2011). We show that it is possible to construct a complete sequence $$(x_n)$$

(

x
n

)

such that the achievement set $$A(\frac{1}{x_n})$$

A
(

1

x
n

)

is not an interval. In particular it can be a Cantorval.
Effects of adenosine receptor overexpression and silencing in neurons and glial cells on lifespan, fitness, and sleep of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Bhattacharya Debarati , Górska-Andrzejak Jolanta , Abaquita Terence Al L. , Pyza Elżbieta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA single adenosine receptor gene (dAdoR) has been detected in Drosophila melanogaster. However, its function in different cell types of the nervous system is mostly unknown. Therefore, we overexpressed or silenced the dAdoR gene in eye photoreceptors, all neurons, or glial cells and examined the fitness of flies, the amount and daily pattern of sleep, and the influence of dAdoR silencing on Bruchpilot (BRP) presynaptic protein. Furthermore, we examined the dAdoR and brp gene expression in young and old flies. We found that a higher level of dAdoR in the retina photoreceptors, all neurons, and glial cells negatively influenced the survival rate and lifespan of male and female Drosophila in a cell-dependent manner and to a different extent depending on the age of the flies. In old flies, expression of both dAdoR and brp was higher than in young ones. An excess of dAdoR in neurons improved climbing in older individuals. It also influenced sleep by lengthening nighttime sleep and siesta. In turn, silencing of dAdoR decreased the lifespan of flies, although it increased the survival rate of young flies. It hindered the climbing of older males and females, but did not change sleep. Silencing also affected the daily pattern of BRP abundance, especially when dAdoR expression was decreased in glial cells. The obtained results indicate the role of adenosine and dAdoR in the regulation of fitness in flies that is based on communication between neurons and glial cells, and the effect of glial cells on synapses.
The DNA damage response to radiological imaging: from ROS and γH2AX foci induction to gene expression responses in vivo
Authors: López-Riego Milagrosa , Płódowska Magdalena , Lis-Zajęcka Milena , Jeziorska Kamila , Tetela Sylwia , Węgierek-Ciuk Aneta , Sobota Daniel , Braziewicz Janusz , Lundholm Lovisa , Lisowska Halina , Wojcik Andrzej 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCandidate ionising radiation exposure biomarkers must be validated in humans exposed in vivo. Blood from patients undergoing positron emission tomography–computed tomography scan (PET-CT) and skeletal scintigraphy (scintigraphy) was drawn before (0 h) and after (2 h) the procedure for correlation analyses of the response of selected biomarkers with radiation dose and other available patient information. FDXR, CDKN1A, BBC3, GADD45A, XPC, and MDM2 expression was determined by qRT-PCR, DNA damage (γH2AX) by flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by flow cytometry using the 2′, 7′—dichlorofluorescein diacetate test in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). For ROS experiments, 0- and 2-h samples were additionally exposed to UVA to determine whether diagnostic irradiation conditioned the response to further oxidative insult. With some exceptions, radiological imaging induced weak γH2AX foci, ROS and gene expression fold changes, the latter with good coherence across genes within a patient. Diagnostic imaging did not influence oxidative stress in PBMC successively exposed to UVA. Correlation analyses with patient characteristics led to low correlation coefficient values. γH2AX fold change, which correlated positively with gene expression, presented a weak positive correlation with injected activity, indicating a radiation-induced subtle increase in DNA damage and subsequent activation of the DNA damage response pathway. The exposure discrimination potential of these biomarkers in the absence of control samples as frequently demanded in radiological emergencies, was assessed using raw data. These results suggest that the variability of the response in heterogeneous populations might complicate identifying individuals exposed to low radiation doses.
What we see is what we touch? Sex estimation on the pelvis in virtual anthropology
Authors: Braun Sandra , Schwendener Nicole , Kanz Fabian , Lösch Sandra , Milella Marco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) scans are a convenient means to study 3D reconstructions of bones. However, errors associated with the different nature of the observation, e.g. visual and tactile (on dry bone) versus visual only (on a screen) have not been thoroughly investigated.Materials and methodsWe quantified the errors between modalities for sex estimation protocols of nonmetric (categorical and ordinal) and metric data, using 200 dry pelves of archaeological origin and the CT reconstructions of the same bones. In addition, we 3D surface scanned a subsample of 39 pelves to compare observations with dry bone and CT data. We did not focus on the sex estimation accuracy but solely on the consistency of the scoring, hence, the interchangeability of the modalities.ResultsMetric data yielded the most consistent results. Among the nonmetric protocols, ordinal data performed better than categorical data. We applied a slightly modified description for the trait with the highest errors and grouped the traits according to consistency and availability in good, intermediate, and poor.DiscussionThe investigated modalities were interchangeable as long as the trait definition was not arbitrary. Dry bone (gold standard) performed well, and CT and 3D surface scans performed better. We recommend researchers test their affinity for using virtual modalities. Future studies could use our consistency analysis and combine the best traits, validating their accuracy on various modalities.