bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of health anxiety among medical students: a cross-sectional study from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Abdel Aziz Karim , Stip Emmanuel , Al-Sanadi Afra , Al-Shamsi Alreem , Al-Sharqi Hessah , Eisa Al-Zaabi Mariam , Al-Shehhi Noora , El-Gabry Dina Aly 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
It is often reported that medical students repeatedly develop health anxiety related to the diseases that they are studying. To the best of our knowledge, health anxiety has not been investigated in medical students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of health anxiety among a sample of medical students attending the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU). We conducted a cross-sectional study of 193 undergraduate medical students (68 males, 125 females) across the 6 years of the College of Medicine at the UAEU. Students were screened for health anxiety using the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI).

Results
Eighteen students (9.3%) reached the threshold for clinically significant health anxiety on the SHAI (score ≥ 27). There was no statistically significant difference between those with and those without health anxiety in age, gender, place of origin, or year of study. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the two groups as regards a past history of medical or mental health conditions influencing their choice of college. No specific student demographic or background characteristics significantly predicted the occurrence of clinically significant health anxiety.

Conclusions
Health anxiety was prevalent in a significant proportion of subjects in our sample (almost one in every ten students). Individual experiences of medical and mental illness may play a role in the development of health anxiety and in the choice of studying medicine.
Sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms cooccurring with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Uytun Merve Cikili , Yurumez Esra , Babayigit Tugba Mentese , Efendi Gokce Yagmur , Kilic Birim Gunay , Oztop Didem Behice 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
In the current study, the main aim was investigating the sociodemographic features and sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and followed at an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-specific outpatient clinic.

Results
The data of 200 boys and 200 girls who were followed up at the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder outpatient clinic were retrospectively compared. The scores of Turgay’s Scale-Disruptive Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale, the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo subscale of the Children Behavior Checklist, and Conners Rating Scales Revised-Parent and Teacher Forms were analyzed. Among the group with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo scores, the ratio of girls was higher and the mean age at which symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were recognized and treatment was offered was significantly older than that of the children with <4 scores. Both internalizing and externalizing symptoms were more frequent among the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children who had Sluggish Cognitive Tempo scores ≥4.

Conclusions
There is increasing evidence distinguishing sluggish cognitive tempo from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and in this study, we would like to highlight the appearance and clinical manifestation of these disorders together. Further research, including Sluggish Cognitive Tempo children from the general population, is warranted to understand the characteristics that accompany and differentiate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
An unusual cardiac magnetic resonance finding in a patient with syphilis presenting with heart block
Authors: Nandagopal Akshay , Sathyanathan Babu Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum either via sexual exposure or vertical transmission during pregnancy. The disease course of infected individuals is divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary stages over a period of years. Latent syphilis most commonly involves the central nervous system and the aorta. Here we present a case of late latent syphilis presenting as heart block with evidence of myocardial fibrosis involving the septum and lateral wall in cardiac MRI.

Case presentation
A 53-year-old female patient, who was clinically diagnosed with late latent syphilis, presented with multiple episodes of syncopal attacks and was rushed to an outside hospital where ECG revealed a complete heart block. She was referred to our tertiary care centre. The patient was received in the Cardiac Care Unit and then referred for a cardiac MRI to identify a potential cause for the complete heart block. Recently published new Lake Louise criteria (nLLC) (Li et al. in Front Cardiovasc Med, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.739892), following the introduction of myocardial mapping, redefined imaging diagnosis according to the combined presence of a T1 criterion [presence of LGE (late gadolinium enhancement) or increased T1 mapping or extracellular volume values] and a T2 criterion (hyperintensity in T2 weighted STIR or increased T2 mapping values). Cardiac MRI features in our case were consistent with myocarditis based on the above criteria.

Conclusions
Myocarditis as a manifestation of late latent syphilis is very rare. Cardiac complications of late syphilis have so far been described in terms of ascending aortitis and dissection with coronary artery rupture. Syphilitic myocarditis occurs most commonly as a coincidental finding of endomyocardial biopsies. Targeted screening for involvement using CMR can be instrumental in elucidating this rare, but treatable diagnosis. We hereby report a rare case of myocarditis with heart block in a patient with late latent syphilis, hitherto unreported in the literature as of date.
CsPbBr3/graphene nanowall artificial optoelectronic synapses for controllable perceptual learning
Authors: Li Runze , Dong Yibo , Qian Fengsong , Xie Yiyang , Chen Xi , Zhang Qiming , Yue Zengji , Gu Min 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of neuromorphic computing has stimulated extensive research interest in artificial synapses. Optoelectronic artificial synapses using laser beams as stimulus signals have the advantages of broadband, fast response, and low crosstalk. However, the optoelectronic synapses usually exhibit short memory duration due to the low lifetime of the photo-generated carriers. It greatly limits the mimicking of human perceptual learning, which is a common phenomenon in sensory interactions with the environment and practices of specific sensory tasks. Herein, a heterostructure optoelectronic synapse based on graphene nanowalls and CsPbBr3 quantum dots was fabricated. The graphene/CsPbBr3 heterojunction and the natural middle energy band in graphene nanowalls extend the carrier lifetime. Therefore, a long half-life period of photocurrent decay - 35.59 s has been achieved. Moreover, the long-term optoelectronic response can be controlled by the adjustment of numbers, powers, wavelengths, and frequencies of the laser pulses. Next, an artificial neural network consisting of a 28 × 28 synaptic array was established. It can be used to mimic a typical characteristic of human perceptual learning that the ability of sensory systems is enhanced through a learning experience. The learning behavior of image recognition can be tuned based on the photocurrent response control. The accuracy of image recognition keeps above 80% even under a low-frequency learning process. We also verify that less time is required to regain the lost sensory ability that has been previously learned. This approach paves the way toward high-performance intelligent devices with controllable learning of visual perception.
Has the frequency of complicated appendicitis changed in children in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Öztaş Tülin , Bilici Salim , Dursun Ahmet 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic period suggests that the rate of complications may have increased in patients requiring surgical treatment due to the fact that they could not come to the hospital at the onset of the symptom. This study aims to evaluate the difference in the frequency of complicated appendicitis and postoperative complications in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Patients included those who underwent appendectomy in 1 year before the COVID-19 pandemic and in the first year of the pandemic. The patients were categorized into two groups: pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Clinical and histopathology results were compared between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.

Results
A total of 407 patients were included in the study, 207 of whom were included during the pre-pandemic and 200 of whom during the pandemic period. The mean time to hospital admission after the onset of symptoms was 1.3 ± 0.9 days, pre-pandemic, and 1.4 ± 0.8 days during the pandemic group. In the pre-pandemic group, 0.4% intrabdominal abscess developed and 37.5% complicated appendicitis was detected. In the pandemic group, it was found that there were 1% abscess, 0.5% wound infection, 0.5% brid ileus, and 31.9% complicated appendicitis. The pre-pandemic group length of hospitalization was 2.4 ± 0.8 days, and the pandemic was 2.1 ± 0.9 days There was no difference between pre-pandemic and pandemic groups in terms of age, gender, white blood cell count, duration of symptoms, postoperative complications and frequency of complicated appendicitis, and duration of hospitalization.

Conclusions
In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we found that the rate of complicated appendicitis and postoperative complications were not different from pre-pandemic.
A rare case of schwannoma of the nasal vestibule
Authors: Agarwal Ashish , Kumar Pallika , Gupta Noopur , Sharma Nishi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Schwannomas of the nose and paranasal are extremely rare. Few schwannomas arising from within the lateral wall of the nose have been reported to date.

Case presentation
A 32-year-old male presented to us with complaints of left-sided nasal obstruction and a mass in his nasal cavity. The evaluation revealed a benign spindle cell lesion arising from within the lateral wall nose which was excised. The final histopathology report revealed a nasal schwannoma.

Discussion
Schwannomas are benign tumors arising from Schwann cells. Schwann cells are responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath. They are rare, slow-growing tumors. Twenty-five to 45% tumors arise in the head and neck, of which only 4% were arising from nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Conclusion
To generate awareness about the varying clinical presentations of Schwannomas in the nose and paranasal sinuses and their management.
Ultrasound Assessment of Gastric Volume in Parturients After High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Zhou Shuangqiong , Cao Xiuhong , Zhou Yao , Xu Zhendong , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy is widely used in critical care obstetrics to improve oxygenation. Much of the benefit of HFNO is linked to the creation of modest levels of positive airway pressure. Pregnant women are generally considered to be at high risk of regurgitation and aspiration. It is unknown whether HFNO may cause gas insufflation into the stomach and further increase this risk. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the possible safety effects of HFNO on gastric volume in healthy fasted parturients.

METHODS:
Sixty fasted parturients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were enrolled in an observer-blinded, prospective, interventional study. We used ultrasonography to assess changes of antral cross-sectional area (CSA) and gastric volume before and after a 20-minute treatment with HFNO at a rate of 50 L·min–1. The primary outcome was the change in gastric volume from before to after HFNO therapy, and the secondary outcome was the distribution of antral grades.

RESULTS:
In semirecumbent right lateral position, the antral CSA at baseline and after treatment with HFNO was 3.81 (3.01–4.72) cm2 and 3.79 (3.03–4.54) cm2, respectively. The estimated fluid volume at baseline and after treatment with HFNO was 38.51 (33.39–54.62) mL and 39.71 (32.00–52.82) mL, respectively. All participants had either a grade 0 or grade 1 antrum, and most of them had a grade 0 antrum. There was no significant difference in gastric volume and distribution of antral grades before and after HFNO therapy. Gastric air distension was not shown in any of the parturients either at baseline or after treatment with HFNO.

CONCLUSIONS:
Treatment with HFNO for 20 minutes at flow rates up to 50 L·min–1 did not increase gastric volume in term pregnant women breathing spontaneously when evaluated by gastric ultrasonography.
American Conservatism Unmoored
Authors: Stoneman Ethan , Packer Joseph 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe last decade witnessed a drastic reconfiguration of American conservatism by way of a newly emergent and energized dissident right. Beyond the question of ideology, this article argues that an essential aspect of this realignment occurs at the level of strategy, specifically with the adoption of agitational tactics pioneered by the progressive left. It attempts to make sense of this sea change, first, by tracing in broad strokes the history of American conservatism's opposition to much of what passes for agitational politics. It then examines the right's seemingly abrupt adoption of three species of agitational practice: Alinsky-styled radicalism, identity politics, and accelerationism. It concludes by discussing the implications of this shift, in terms of what it means both for the future of conservative discourse and for leftist groups who must now take into account the possibility of having to outmaneuver their own set of tactics.
Individual response in body mass and basal metabolism to the risks of predation and starvation in passerines
Authors: Broggi Juli , Nilsson Jan-Åke 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Wintering energy management in small passerines has focused on the adaptive regulation of the daily acquisition of energy reserves within a starvation–predation trade-off framework. However, the possibility that the energetic cost of living, i.e. basal metabolic rate (BMR), is being modulated as part of the management energy strategy has been largely neglected. Here, we addressed this possibility by experimentally exposing captive great tits (Parus major) during winter to two consecutive treatments of increased starvation and predation risk for each individual bird. Body mass and BMR were measured prior to and after each week-long treatment. We predicted that birds should be lighter but with a higher metabolic capacity (higher BMR) as a response to increased predation risk, and that birds should increase internal reserves while reducing their cost of living (lower BMR) when exposed to increased starvation risk. Wintering great tits kept a constant body mass independently of a week-long predation or starvation treatment. However, great tits reduced the cost of living (lower BMR) when exposed to the starvation treatment, while BMR remained unaffected by the predation treatment. Energy management in wintering small birds partly relies on BMR regulation, which challenges the current theoretical framework based on body mass regulation.
Risk of mental disorders and malnutrition in elderly COVID-19 survivors: An observational study
Authors: Theresa Ria Maria , Dewiastuti Marlina , Ningsih Sri Rahayu , Safira Lisa 
Published: January 2023

Background: The incidence rate of COVID-19 is around 11-15% in the elderly. The case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 in the elderly is around 8.9% and increases with age. The risk of mental disorders and malnutrition is increased in COVID-19 survivors. Continuous inflammatory conditions result in a state of hypercatabolism that can disrupt brain neuroendocrine and protein consumption for the formation of acute-phase reactant proteins. Mental disorders and malnutrition can lead to fragility. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of mental disorders and malnutrition in elderly survivors of COVID-19. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study. The results of the research on age, disease symptoms, and comorbidities have proven that they are risk factors for mental disorders and malnutrition in elderly COVID-19 survivors. This study used total sampling and included 100 study subjects. The research was conducted in Depok for two months; data was collected directly through shared questionnaires and direct anthropometric measurements. The questionnaires used were the SRQ-20 tool for mental disorder screening and MNA for malnutrition screening. Results: The risk factors for mental disorders were age over 70 years old OR 3 (CI 1.0-8.8), severe COVID-19 symptoms OR 4.5 (CI 1.2-16.17), and multi-comorbidity OR 2.3 (CI 0.6-8.8). The risk factors for malnutrition were age higher than 70 years old OR 2.5 (CI 0.8-7.9), moderate COVID-19 symptoms OR 6.3 (CI 2.0-19.81), and multi-comorbidity OR 6.6 (CI 1.5-28.5). Conclusions: Those infected with COVID-19 have a risk of mental disorders and malnutrition, especially in geriatrics, and this risk increases with age.
Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Identification with Single Frequency GNSS Receiver Data
Authors: Padma Tatiparti , Raghunath Swapna , Chintalapati Usha Kumari 
Published: January 2023

Ionosphere is the highest contributor of positional error in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) owing to the trans-ionospheric signal delay, distortion and possible outage. Equatorial and Low latitudinal ionosphere experiences frequent perturbations in plasma density most of which is due to the presence of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs). In order to improve positional and navigational precision of GNSS signals, EPBs must be identified and corrected. EPBs begin to manifest post-sunset and continue to thrive past midnight. This paper proposes a Rate of TEC Index (ROTI) based EPB identifier using single frequency GNSS receiver data. GNSS data has been collected from the archives of Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC). The raw data has been downloaded from the global continuous network station, IISC, located at Bangalore (13.0219°N, 77.5671°E) in Receiver Independent Exchange (RINEX) format. Analysis of EPB occurrence has been carried out for six consecutive years in the second half of the 24th solar cycle (2014-2019). The results show a clear surge in the number of EPBs identified in the course of equinoxes.
Intellectual disability in the children of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Madley-Dowd Paul , Thomas Richard , Boyd Andy , Zammit Stanley , Heron Jon , Rai Dheeraj 
Published: January 2023

Background: Intellectual disability (ID) describes a neurodevelopmental condition involving impaired cognitive and functional ability. Here, we describe a multisource variable of ID using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods: The multisource indicator variable for ID was derived from i) IQ scores less than 70 measured at age 8 and at age 15, ii) free text fields from parent reported questionnaires, iii) school reported provision of educational services for individuals with a statement of special educational needs for cognitive impairments, iv) from relevant READ codes contained in GP records, iv) international classification of disease diagnoses contained in electronic hospital records and hospital episode statistics and v) recorded interactions with mental health services for ID contained within the mental health services data set. A case of ID was identified if two or more sources indicated ID. A second indicator, labelled as “probable ID”, was created by relaxing the cut off in IQ scores to be less than 85. An indicator variable for known causes of ID was also created to aid in aetiological studies where ID with a known cause may need to be excluded. Results: 158 of 14,370 participants (1.10%) were indicated as having ID by two or more sources and 449 (3.12%) were indicated as having probable ID when the criteria for IQ scores was relaxed to less than 85. There were 476 participants (3.31%) with 1 or fewer sources of available information on ID; these participants had their multisource variable set to missing. The number of cases of ID with known cause was 31 (0.22% of the cohort, 19.6% of those with ID). Conclusions: The multisource variable of ID can be used in future analyses on ID in ALSPAC children.
Stomal and peristomal complications management: a retrospective study
Authors: Michalak Jill , Spitler Carey , Simman Richard , Sharp Kaitlyn , Pei Mitchell 
Published: January 2023

Objective: Correctly identifying and managing stomal and peristomal complications are key to assisting individuals with an ostomy when they are facing challenges with self-care. Providers that are knowledgeable and experienced with stomal and peristomal care are vital when complications arise. Providing care that is consistent with findings in current high evidence-based literature supports the goal of providing optimal patient outcomes in a timely manner. The objective of this study was to explore stomal and peristomal that presented in an outpatient ostomy clinic and compare these interventions with information found in the literature. Method: This retrospective study used a sample population of convenience that included adult patients aged ≥18 years who presented for stomal or peristomal complications in an outpatient ostomy clinic in northwest Ohio, US. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine the presenting stomal or peristomal complication(s) of each patient and treatment was provided or prescribed. The interventions were then compared with information found in the literature. Length of treatment and reasons for referral to the surgeon that created the stoma were also reviewed. Results: This study showed that interventions for adult individuals with a stomal or peristomal complications that presented to the clinic were consistent with that found in the literature. This study also sought to deliver information to healthcare providers that may not be directly involved in ostomy care, helping to increase their understanding of problems that patients with an ostomy may experience. Conclusion: This study showed that interventions completed in this setting where the research took place was consistent with information found in literature.
High-efficiency and CMOS compatible out-of-plane light emission based on a silicon coupler
Authors: She Xiaojuan , Huang Haiyang , Zhao Yingxuan , Liao Han , Zhu Junbo , Li Yang , Huang Rui , Liu Hongbao , Sheng Zhen , Gan Fuwan 
Published: January 2023

Photonic antennas are critical in applications such as spectroscopy,
photovoltaics, optical communications, holography, and sensors. Metal
antennas are widely used because of their small size, but they are
difficult to be compatible with a CMOS. All-dielectric antennas are
easier to integrate with Si waveguides, but are generally larger in
size. In this paper, we propose the design of a small-sized,
high-efficiency semicircular dielectric grating antenna. The antenna’s
key size is only

2.37

µ

m

×

4.74

µ

m

, and the emission efficiency reaches
over 64% in the wavelength range from 1.16 to 1.61 µm. The
antenna provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach for
three-dimensional optical interconnections between different decks of
integrated photonic circuits.