bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cause‐specific mortality after discharge from inpatient psychiatric care in Taiwan: A national matched cohort study
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Yueh , Chang Shu‐Sen , Large Matthew , Chang Chin‐Hao , Tseng Mei‐Chih Meg 
Published: January 2023

AimsWe aimed to investigate the trajectories of absolute and relative risks of cause‐specific mortality among patients discharged from inpatient psychiatric services.MethodsWe conducted a national matched cohort study (2002–2013) using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database linked to national cause‐of‐death data files. Patients discharged from inpatient psychiatric care without prior psychiatric hospitalizations were individually matched to 20 comparison individuals based on sex and age. The rates, rate differences, and relative risks (hazard ratios, HRs) of cause‐specific mortality were calculated at six follow‐up periods post‐discharge. Cumulative mortality incidence was assessed at 5 years of follow‐up.ResultsThe mortality risks of all causes were increased among patients (n = 158 065) relative to comparison individuals (n = 3 161 300). Mortality rate differences were greater for natural causes, while relative risks (HRs) were higher for unnatural causes. Suicide was the leading cause of death within the first year of discharge, while circulatory and respiratory diseases were the leading causes of death from the second year. The mortality rates and HRs for all causes of death (except homicide) were highest during the first 3 months. The elevated risk of unnatural‐cause mortality declined rapidly after discharge but remained high in the long term; in contrast, risk elevation for natural‐cause mortality was more stable over time. Approximately one‐eighth of patients (12.9%, 95% confidence interval 12.7–13.7%) died within 5 years of follow‐up.ConclusionsIntegrated physical and mental health care is needed to reduce excess mortality, particularly during the first 3 months post‐discharge, among psychiatric patients.
Sex moderates the associations between physical activity intensity and attentional control in older adolescents
Authors: Pindus Dominika M. , Shigeta Tatsuya T. , Leahy Angus A. , Mavilidi Myrto F. , Nayak Apurva , Marcozzi Dante , Montero‐Herrera Bryan , Abbas Zainab , Hillman Charles H. , Lubans David R. 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe relationship between physical activity (PA) intensity and executive functions in older adolescents remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the associations between PA intensity, volume, attentional control, and working memory and the moderating effects of sex in older adolescents.MethodWe analyzed baseline data from 418 participants (211 females, Mage = 16.5 ± 0.40 years) from the Burn 2 Learn trial. Adolescents wore GT9X Link accelerometers on a non‐dominant wrist for 7 days, 24‐h·d−1. PA intensity was expressed as intensity gradient (IG) and moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA, Hildebrand cut‐points); PA volume was expressed as average acceleration (AvACC). Attentional control was measured with a standard deviation (SDRT) and a coefficient of variation (CVRT) of the reaction time on the incongruent trials of a flanker task. Working memory was expressed as a d prime (a signal discrimination index) on the 2‐back task. The moderating effects of sex on the PA‐executive functions associations, adjusting for age, BMI z‐score, and cardiorespiratory fitness, were tested using multilevel random intercept models.ResultsAfter controlling for AvACC, sex moderated the relationships between IG and incongruent SDRT (B = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.94) and CVRT (B = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.05; ps ≤ 0.002). Only girls with higher IG showed smaller incongruent SDRT and CVRT (Bs ≤ −0.26, ps ≤ 0.01). IG was not related to working memory. AvACC and MVPA were not associated with attentional control or working memory.ConclusionOur findings reveal a novel association between higher‐intensity PA and superior attentional control among adolescent girls.
In vivo analysis of the stratum corneum of Japanese neonates and infants using confocal Raman spectroscopy: a pilot study
Authors: Matsumoto Yukio , Mochimaru Naoko , Yasuda Hazuki , Pak Kyongsun , Kobayashi Tohru , Yamamoto‐Hanada Kiwako , Ohya Yukihiro , Kiuchi Megumi , Kurokawa Masashi , Yoshida Kazue 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysiological skin properties of neonates and infants change drastically after birth and are implicated in the onset of atopic dermatitis and other diseases. Studies have measured physiological skin properties in infants; however, how these properties change over time remains unclear. No reports have measured ceramide in the stratum corneum of infants using confocal Raman spectroscopy; hence, we used it to measure the physiological properties of the skin, including ceramide, in infants.Materials and methodsThe water content and other factors in the skin of infants aged 0, 1, and 6 months were measured. All measurements were performed five times indoors at 22 ± 2°C and 50% ± 10% relative humidity in the middle of the calf at 4‐µm distances, and their mean was calculated.ResultsThe water content of the area between the skin surface and superficial layers was the lowest in newborns as compared with other ages, and the deeper the skin layer, the higher the water content. The stratum corneum, evaluated using confocal Raman spectroscopy, was the thickest in newborns and gradually thinned with age. Its water content was the lowest in newborns. The levels of natural moisturizing factor, ceramide, and cholesterol were higher in newborns and tended to decrease with age.ConclusionThis report is the first to evaluate ceramide in the stratum corneum of infants using confocal Raman spectroscopy and could help in conducting subsequent longitudinal measurements of physiological skin properties in neonates and infants.
Contact open books with flexible pages
Authors: Bowden Jonathan , Crowley Diarmuid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe give an elementary topological obstruction for a manifold of dimension to admit a contact open book with flexible Weinstein pages and : if the torsion subgroup of the ‐th integral homology group is non‐zero, then no such contact open book exists. We achieve this by proving that a symplectomorphism of a flexible Weinstein manifold acts trivially on integral cohomology. We also produce examples of non‐trivial loops of flexible contact structures using related ideas.
The computational complexity of knot genus in a fixed 3‐manifold
Authors: Lackenby Marc , Yazdi Mehdi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe show that the problem of deciding whether a knot in a fixed closed orientable 3‐dimensional manifold bounds a surface of genus at most is in co‐NP. This answers a question of Agol, Hass and Thurston in 2002. Previously, this was known for rational homology 3‐spheres, by the work of the first author.
A Finite Volume Framework for the Simulation of Additive Friction Stir Deposition
Authors: Kincaid K. C. , MacPhee D. W. , Stubblefield G. G. , Jordon J. B. , Rushing T. W. , Allison P. G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, a finite volume simulation framework was developed, validated, and employed for the first time in a new solid-state additive manufacturing and repair process, Additive Friction Stir Deposition (AFSD). The open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code openfoam was used to simulate the deposition of a single layer of Aluminum Alloy 6061 feedstock onto a substrate, using a viscoplastic model to predict the flow behavior of the material. Conjugate heat transfer was considered between the build layer, the surrounding atmosphere, and the substrate, and the resulting temperatures were validated against experimental data recorded for three processing cases. Excellent agreement between simulated and measured temperature data was obtained, as well as a good qualitative prediction of overall build layer morphology. Further analysis of the temperature field was conducted to reveal the variation of temperature in the build direction, an analysis not possible with previous experimental or numerical methods, as well as a global heat transfer analysis to determine the relative importance of various modes of heat input and cooling. Tool heating was found to be the primary heat input to the system, representing 73% of energy input, while conduction to the substrate was the main mode of part cooling, representing 73% of heat loss from the build layer.
Effects of Highly Cushioned and Resilient Racing Shoes on Running Economy at Slower Running Speeds
Authors: Joubert Dustin P. , Dominy Trace A. , Burns Geoffrey T. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The Nike Vaporfly line of running shoes improves running economy by ∼2.7% to 4.2% at running speeds of 13 to 18 km·h−1. It is unclear whether similar benefits are conferred at slower speeds. Our purpose was to determine the effects of the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next% 2 (VFN2) on running economy at 10 and 12 km·h−1 compared with a mass-matched control (CTRL) shoe. Methods: Sixteen runners completed 4 × 5-minute trials at both 10 and 12 km·h−1 on the same day. Each shoe was tested twice at each speed in a counterbalanced, mirrored sequence. Data are displayed as mean (SD). Results: A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant shoe × speed interaction for oxygen consumption (P = .021). At 12 km·h−1, oxygen consumption (in mL·kg−1·min−1) was lower (−1.4% [1.1%]; P < .001) for VFN2 (35.8 [1.7]) relative to CTRL (36.4 [1.7]). That was greater in magnitude than the differences observed at 10 km·h−1 (−0.9% [1.8%]; P = .065) between VFN2 (29.4 [1.9]) and CTRL (29.6 [1.9]). Conclusions: From these data, it appears that the VFN2 still enhances running economy at 10 and 12 km·h−1; however, these benefits are smaller in magnitude compared with previous research at faster speeds.
Sex-Related Differences in Functional Fitness Outcomes in Older Adults
Authors: Marsala Michael J. , Belfry Shannon , Orange Joseph B. , Christie Anita D. 
Published: January 2023

Sex-related differences in changes in functional fitness over time were longitudinally assessed in older adults participating in a group-based multimodal exercise program. From a database, functional fitness scores were obtained for 89 older adults (71.6 ± 6.5 years old) who had completed two assessments, 5–8 years apart. Lower body strength, upper body strength, aerobic endurance, flexibility, and change of direction performances were compared over time and with normative values. Females (p = .02), but not males, had an improvement in upper body strength over time. Females were also more flexible than males at both assessments (p ≤ .02). Of those who had five consecutive assessments, females were more flexible than males (p ≤ .05) and had a faster change of direction ability (p < .001). When compared with normative values, our results indicate that typical time-related functional fitness loss can be attenuated with group exercise. Our results further support the need to tailor exercise prescription according to the individual.
Supplemental Material: Frenchman Mountain Dolostone: A new formation of the Cambrian Tonto Group, Grand Canyon and Basin and Range, USA
Authors: Rowland S.M. , al. et 
Published: January 2023

<p>Figure S1: Detailed stratigraphic column of stratotype. Figure S2: Carbon and oxygen isotope data plotted stratigraphically and also graphed against each other. Table S1: Table of carbon and oxygen isotope data. </p>
Presentation of Graves’ orbitopathy within European Group On Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) centres from 2012 to 2019 (PREGO III)
Authors: Schuh Anna , Ayvaz Goksun , Baldeschi Lelio , Baretić Maja , Bechtold Dorte , Boschi Antonella , Brix Thomas Heiberg , Burlacu Maria-Cristina , Ciric Jasmina , Covelli Danila , Currò Nicola , Donati Simone , Eckstein Anja K , Fichter Nicole , Führer Dagmar , Horn Maren , Jabłońska-Pawlak Anna , Juri Mandić Jelena , Kahaly George J , Konuk Onur , Langbein Amelie , Lanzolla Giulia , Marcocci Claudio , Marinò Michele , Miśkiewicz Piotr , Beleslin Biljana Nedeljkovic , Pérez-Lázaro Antonia , Pérez-López Marta , Ponto Katharina A , Quinn Anthony , Rudofsky Gottfried , Salvi Mario , Schittkowski Michael P , Tanda Maria Laura , Toruner Fusun , Vaidya Bijay , Hintschich Christoph R 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundGraves’ orbitopathy (GO) is subject to epidemiological and care-related changes. Aim of the survey was to identify trends in presentation of GO to the European Group On Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) tertiary referral centres and initial management over time.MethodsProspective observational multicentre study. All new referrals with diagnosis of GO within September–December 2019 were included. Clinical and demographic characteristics, referral timelines and initial therapeutic decisions were recorded. Data were compared with a similar EUGOGO survey performed in 2012.ResultsBesides age (mean age: 50.5±13 years vs 47.7±14 years; p 0.007), demographic characteristics of 432 patients studied in 2019 were similar to those in 2012. In 2019, there was a decrease of severe cases (9.8% vs 14.9; p<0.001), but no significant change in proportion of active cases (41.3% vs 36.6%; p 0.217). After first diagnosis of GO, median referral time to an EUGOGO tertiary centre was shorter (2 (0–350) vs 6 (0–552) months; p<0.001) in 2019. At the time of first visit, more patients were already on antithyroid medications (80.2% vs 45.0%; p<0.001) or selenium (22.3% vs 3.0%; p<0.001). In 2019, the initial management plans for GO were similar to 2012, except for lid surgery (2.4% vs 13.9%; p<0.001) and prescription of selenium (28.5% vs 21.0%; p 0.027).ConclusionGO patients are referred to tertiary EUGOGO centres in a less severe stage of the disease than before. We speculate that this might be linked to a broader awareness of the disease and faster and adequate delivered treatment.
Antibiotic use as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease across the ages: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Faye Adam S , Allin Kristine Højgaard , Iversen Aske T , Agrawal Manasi , Faith Jeremiah , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Jess Tine 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThere is an increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for which environmental factors are suspected. Antibiotics have been associated with development of IBD in earlier generations, but their influence on IBD risk in adults is uncertain.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of antibiotic exposure, including dose–response, timing and antibiotic class, on the risk of IBD in all individuals aged ≥10 years.DesignUsing Denmark nationwide registries, a population-based cohort of residents aged ≥10 years was established between 2000 and 2018. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for IBD following antibiotic exposure were calculated using Poisson regression.ResultsThere were a total of 6 104 245 individuals, resulting in 87 112 328 person-years of follow-up, and 52 898 new cases of IBD. Antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of IBD as compared with no antibiotic exposure for all age groups, although was greatest among individuals aged 40–60 years and ≥60 years (age 10–40 years, IRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.32; age 40–60 years, IRR 1.48, 95% CI 1.43 to 1.54; age ≥60 years, IRR 1.47, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.53). For all age groups a positive dose–response was observed, with similar results seen for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. The highest risk of developing IBD was seen 1–2 years after antibiotic exposure, and after use of antibiotic classes often prescribed to treat gastrointestinal pathogens.ConclusionAntibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of IBD, and was highest among individuals aged 40 years and older. This risk increased with cumulative antibiotic exposure, with antibiotics targeting gastrointestinal pathogens and within 1–2 years after antibiotic exposure.
Bidirectional Transformer GAN for Long-term Human Motion Prediction
Authors: Zhao Mengyi , Tang Hao , Xie Pan , Dai Shuling , Sebe Nicu , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2023

The mainstream motion prediction methods usually focus on short-term prediction, and their predicted long-term motions often fall into an average pose, i.e., the freezing forecasting problem [
27
]. To mitigate this problem, we propose a novel Bidirectional Transformer-based Generative Adversarial Network (BiTGAN) for long-term human motion prediction. The bidirectional setup leads to consistent and smooth generation in both forward and backward directions. Besides, to make full use of the history motions, we split them into two parts. The first part is fed to the Transformer encoder in our BiTGAN while the second part is used as the decoder input. This strategy can alleviate the exposure problem [
37
]. Additionally, to better maintain both the local (i.e., frame-level pose) and global (i.e., video-level semantic) similarities between the predicted motion sequence and the real one, the soft dynamic time warping (Soft-DTW) loss is introduced into the generator. Finally, we utilize a dual-discriminator to distinguish the predicted sequence at both frame and sequence levels. Extensive experiments on the public Human3.6M dataset demonstrate that our proposed BiTGAN achieves state-of-the-art performance on long-term (4
s
) human motion prediction, and reduces the average error of all actions by 4%.
O conto Assombramento, de Afonso Arinos: o medo, a mente e o horror entre símbolos e sombras
Authors: Pimenta Fernando Januário 
Published: January 2023

Propõe-se a análise comentada de elementos diversos, porém interrelacionados, presentes na narrativa do conto “Assombramento” (1898), do escritor brasileiro Afonso Arinos de Melo Franco (1868-1916). São aspectos referentes à naturezado medo e do horror, da perturbação da mente, de símbolos e de superstições, buscando referências nas crenças e nas máximas populares como documentadas pelo etnógrafo e folclorista brasileiro Luís da Câmara Cascudo (1898-1986), em seus livros Coisas que o povo diz (2009) e Lendas brasileiras (2020).
House of Ashes e as mecânicas de uma narrativa interativa de horror
Authors: Sasse Pedro 
Published: January 2023

Nascido do gótico literário, o horror, a partir do século XX, abraçou o cinema como um de seus principais meios. No século XXI, os jogos digitais ganham força como um novo espaço de produção de narrativas de medo, demandando da crítica especializada um esforço de compreensão das novas formas de se produzir horror que dele surgem. Nesse sentido, um gênero específico chama a atenção por se encontrar em posição fronteiriça entre os games e o cinema: os jogos de narrativa interativa, em que um jogador determina, por suas ações, o desenrolar de uma narrativa majoritariamenteapresentada através de cinemáticas. Tomando como objeto o jogo House of Ashes (2021), da Supermassive Games, propomos, aqui, uma análise crítica das mecânicas utilizadas nesse tipo de jogo, tendo em vista seus obstáculos para a produção dos efeitos estéticos do horror – sobretudo quando comparado ao já consolidado gênero survival horror.
Cause‐Specific Mortality of Patients With Atrial Septal Defect and Up to 50 Years of Follow‐Up
Authors: Muroke Valtteri , Jalanko Mikko , Haukka Jari , Sinisalo Juha 
Published: January 2023

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term mortality and cause‐specific mortality of patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) in a nationwide cohort.

Methods and Results
All patients diagnosed with simple ASD in the hospital discharge registry from 1969 to 2019 were included in the study. Complex congenital defects were excluded. Each subject was matched with 5 controls according to sex, age, and municipality at the index time. Adjusted mortality risk ratios (MRRs) were calculated using Poisson regression models. The median follow‐up time was 11.1 years. Patients with ASD had higher overall mortality during follow‐up, with an adjusted MRR of 1.72 (95% CI, 1.61–1.83). Patients with closed ASDs also had higher total mortality (MRR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.10–1.51]). However, no difference in mortality was detected if the defect was closed before the age of 30 (MRR, 1.58 [95% CI, 0.90–2.77]), and transcatheter closed defects had lower mortality than the control cohort (MRR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.42–0.99]). Patients with ASD had significantly more deaths due to congenital malformations (MRR, 54.61 [95% CI, 34.03–87.64]), other diseases of the circulatory system (MRR, 2.90 [95% CI, 2.42–3.49]), stroke (MRR, 1.89 [95% CI, 1.52–2.33]), diseases of the endocrine (MRR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.10–3.22]) and respiratory system (MRR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.19–2.45]), ischemic heart disease (MRR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.41–1.86]), and accidents (MRR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.05–1.89]).

Conclusions
Patients with ASD had higher overall mortality compared with a matched general population cohort. Increased cause‐specific mortality was seen in congenital malformations, stroke, and heart diseases.
Reward Processing Alters the Time Perception Networks in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Altınok Simge , Vatansever Gözde , Apaydın Nihal , Üstün Sertaç , Kale Emre H. , Çelikağ İpek , Devrimci-Özgüven Halise , Baskak Bora , Çiçek Metehan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Behavioral studies revealed that time perception is affected by the presence of a reward. Both the experience of time and the reward processing were shown to be distorted in major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate how neural correlates of time perception and reward anticipation interact in patients with MDD. Participants (17 healthy, seven MDD) performed a time perception task during fMRI scanning that requires estimating the speed of a moving rectangle which was briefly occluded. In the control condition, participants attended to the change in color tone of the rectangle. Half of the runs were rewarded with a monetary payment per correctly done trial to evaluate the effect of a reward. The fMRI data were acquired with a 3T scanner and analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPM12. The activations related to the integration of time with reward were different between both groups in the supplementary motor area, intraparietal sulcus, thalamus, frontal eye field and caudate nucleus. Increased coupling between supplementary motor area and caudate/putamen region during timing was found in MDD patients more than in controls. Overall, our findings suggest that functional differences related to the interaction of time perception with reward anticipation in MDD occur via dysfunction of the cortico-striatal-thalamic network.
Estimating the Significance of the Added Skill from Initializations: The Case of Decadal Predictions
Authors: Christiansen Bo , Yang Shuting , Matte Dominic 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A considerable part of the skill in decadal forecasts often comes from the forcings, which are present in both initialized and uninitialized model experiments. This makes the added value from initialization difficult to assess. We investigate statistical tests to quantify if initialized forecasts provide skill over the uninitialized experiments. We consider three correlation-based statistics previously used in the literature. The distributions of these statistics under the null hypothesis that initialization has no added values are calculated by a surrogate data method. We present some simple examples and study the statistical power of the tests. We find that there can be large differences in both the values and power for the different statistics. In general, the simple statistic defined as the difference between the skill of the initialized and uninitialized experiments behaves best. However, for all statistics the risk of rejecting the true null hypothesis is too high compared to the nominal value. We compare the three tests on initialized decadal predictions (hindcasts) of near-surface temperature performed with a climate model and find evidence for a significant effect of initializations for small lead times. In contrast, we find only little evidence for a significant effect of initializations for lead times longer than 3 years when the experience from the simple experiments is included in the estimation.