bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combating COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Synthetic Public Segmentation Approach for Predicting Vaccine Acceptance
Authors: Chon Myoung-Gi , Kim Sungsu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objective:
Vaccine hesitancy impacts the ability to cope with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) effectively in the United States. It is important for health organizations to increase vaccine acceptance. Addressing this issue, this study aimed to predict citizens’ acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine through a synthetic approach of public segmentation including cross-situational and situational variables. Controlling for demographics, we examined institutional trust, negative attitudes toward, and low levels of knowledge about vaccines (ie, lacuna public characteristics), and fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Our study provides a useful framework for public segmentation and contributes to risk and health campaigns by identifying significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

Method:
We conducted an online survey on October 10, 2020 (N = 499), and performed hierarchical regression analyses to predict citizens’ COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

Results:
This study demonstrated that trust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and federal government, vaccine attitude, problem recognition, constraint recognition, involvement recognition, and fear positively predicted COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

Conclusions:
This study outlines a useful synthetic public segmentation framework and extends the concept of lacuna public to the pandemic context, helping to predict vaccine acceptance. Importantly, the findings could be useful in designing health campaign messages.
Can We Talk It Out?
Authors: Egler Miguel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch on the normative ideal of democracy has taken a sharp deliberative and epistemic turn. It is now increasingly common for claims about the putative cognitive benefits of political deliberation to play central roles in normative arguments for democracy. In this paper, I argue that the most prominent epistemic defences of deliberative democracy fail. Relying on empirical findings on the workings of implicit bias, I show that they overstate the epistemic virtues of political deliberation. I also argue that findings in cognitive and social psychology can aid in the development of a new and improved generation of epistemic arguments for deliberative democracy.
Transparency and Trilogues: Real Legislative Work for Grown-Ups?
Authors: Leino-Sandberg Päivi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTrilogues represent a decisive stage in the European Union (EU) legislative process and often settle the substantive content of EU legislation. During trilogues, negotiations move fast and new solutions are actively identified by the negotiators. The (lack of) transparency of trilogues has been repeatedly criticised in recent years, yet the EU institutions have defended their “space to think”. Relying on a set of interviews with trilogue participants, this paper mirrors the institutional practices in the final stages of EU law-making against the requirements of openness in the EU Treaties, which aim to strengthen “democracy by allowing citizens to scrutinize all the information which has formed the basis of a legislative act”. The paper argues that, despite noble proclamations, the EU’s legislative practices are characterised by institutional discretion and the lack enforcement of transparency requirements. The paper describes how trilogues are conducted and how questions involving risk management and technically complex issues are assessed in this process. Greater transparency would also help to ensure that risks and alternatives are properly assessed and would thus contribute to better-quality risk regulation in the EU.
Quem detém o interesse nacional? O malogro da cooperação entre a Companhia Industrial de Rochas Betuminosas e a URSS no setor de gás de xisto no Brasil (1959–1973)
Authors: Caterina Gianfranco 
Published: December 2022

ResumoEste artigo analisa o malogro da cooperação econômica e técnica entre a Companhia Industrial de Rochas Betuminosas (CIRB) e a União Soviética no setor de gás de xisto. Em 1959, a CIRB assinou um contrato preliminar que previa o fornecimento de equipamento soviético e a montagem de uma usina piloto para a produção de gás e materiais de construção a partir do xisto do Vale do Paraíba, Estado de São Paulo (SP). Argumenta-se que a Petrobras, ao defender de maneira contínua a inclusão da lavra e industrialização do xisto no monopólio estatal, teve influência decisiva para que a CIRB não obtivesse o aval governamental para o financiamento soviético. A empresa paulista entraria com pedido de falência em 1973. Utilizando, em sua maior parte, fontes primárias brasileiras, o artigo conclui que a Petrobras temia o impacto que a quebra do monopólio estatal do xisto pudesse ter em seus interesses, os quais considerava basicamente equivalentes ao interesse nacional.
Effects of maternal supplementation of fish oil during late gestation and lactation on growth performance, fecal microbiota structure and post-weaning diarrhoea of offspring piglets
Authors: Han Peiyuan , Du Zhaohui , Liu Xiaowei , You Junyi , Shi Xin´e , Sun Shiduo , Yang Gongshe , Li Xiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHomeostasis of gut microbiota is a critical contributor to growth and health in weaned piglets. Fish oil is widely reported to benefit health of mammals including preventing intestinal dysfunction, yet its protective effect during suckling-to-weaning transition in piglets remains undetermined. Low (30 g/d) and high (60 g/d) doses of n-3-rich fish oil were supplemented in sows from late gestation to lactation. Serum indicators and gut microbiota were determined to evaluate the effects of maternal fish oil on growth performance, immunity and diarrhea of piglets. DHA and EPA in the colostrum as well as serum of suckling and 1-week post-wean piglets were significantly and linearly increased by maternal supplementation of fish oil (P < 0.05). IGF1 and T3 in nursing and weaned piglets were significantly elevated by maternal fish oil (P < 0.05), and the increase of IGF1 was concerning the dosage of fish oil. Colostrum IgG, plasma IgG, IgM in suckling piglets, IgG, IgM and IgA in weaned piglets were significantly increase as maternal replenishment of fish oil increased (P < 0.05). Additionally, cortisol was significantly reduced in weaned pigs (P < 0.05), regardless of dosage. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that α-diversity of fecal microbiota in nursery piglets, and fecal Lactobacillus genus, positively correlated with post-weaning IgA, was significantly increased by high dosage. Collectively, maternal fish oil during late pregnancy and lactation significantly promoted growth, enhanced immunity, and reduced post-weaning diarrhea in piglets, therefore facilitated suckling-to-weaning transition in piglets, which may be partially due to the altered gut microbial community.
A feedforward compensation approach for cable-driven musculoskeletal systems
Authors: Fan Yerui , Yuan Jianbo , Wu Yaxiong , Qiao Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper presents a feedforward compensation approach for musculoskeletal systems (MSs). Compared with traditional rigid robots, human arms have the advantages of flexibility and safety in operation in unstructured environments. However, the influence of external unknown disturbances, inner friction effects, and dynamic uncertainties of the MS makes it difficult to model and practically apply. In order to reduce the inner friction effects of the hardware platform and the over-relaxation/tension of the cable-pull drive, a feedforward friction compensation method for the cable-pulled artificial muscle unit is proposed. The method analyzes the friction causes of the hardware structure and establishes a mapping network relationship between the joint variables and the muscle force error in the muscle space. The experimental results show that the method can effectively improve the control accuracy and reduce the artificial muscle over-relaxation/tension instability.
Leader of the Pack? Changes in “Wolf Warrior Diplomacy” after a Politburo Collective Study Session
Authors: Brazys Samuel , Dukalskis Alexander , Müller Stefan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis research report measures changes in China's public diplomacy after a May 2021 collective study session of the Chinese Communist Party Politburo. The session examined the country's global communications strategy and fuelled speculation about what might change in China's external communications, particularly with regard to its “wolf warrior” diplomats. Combining hand-coding and quantitative text analysis, we develop and validate a measure of “wolf warrior diplomacy” rhetoric and apply it to over 200,000 tweets from nearly 200 institutional, media and diplomatic Twitter accounts. Using a difference-in-difference research design, we evaluate if the session led to a noticeable change in the tweets of diplomats based in OECD countries. After the announcement, PRC diplomats in the OECD moderated their tweets in comparison to non-OECD diplomats, but we do not detect a major re-orientation of PRC communication strategies. These findings have relevance for scholars of Chinese foreign policy, nationalism and public diplomacy.
COVID-19: Introducing a sliding scale between legality and scientific knowledge
Authors: Pervou Ioanna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article aims to explore the new normal in lawmaking during the COVID-19 pandemic. It proves how the pandemic has affected the making of legal norms, in terms of both process and content. It argues that COVID-19 legislation is largely driven by scientific data for the sake of public health. In this context, it explains how national-decision making is influenced by expert advisory bodies that attempt to specify how public health may be preserved during a pandemic crisis. Moreover, it sheds light into the fact that law-making during the first phases of the pandemic was approved and endorsed by the populations of states, due to their fear of the unknown disease. However, as the pandemic steadily became an established truth, the public’s trust in lawmaking started to decrease. These shifts are well explained if one conceives lawmaking by expertise as a sliding scale, the ends of which are legality at one end and expertise coupled with popular acceptance at the other. This unique sliding scale depicts how COVID-19 lawmaking functioned, balancing between opposite trends.
Significant regional inequalities in the prevalence of intellectual disability and trends from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis of GBD 2019
Authors: Nair R. , Chen M. , Dutt A. S. , Hagopian L. , Singh A. , Du M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Aims
Policymakers and researchers have little evidence on prevalence rates of intellectual disability (ID) or their changes over time to tailor healthcare interventions. Prevalence rates and trends of ID are especially lacking in regions with lower socio-demographic development. Additionally, the assessment of inequalities in the prevalence of ID across regions with varying socio-demographic development is understudied. This study assessed variations in prevalence rates of ID from 1990 to 2019 and the related inequalities between low and high socio-demographic index (SDI) regions.

Methods
This study used global data from 1990 to 2019 for individuals with ID from the 2019 Global Burden of Diseases study. Data analyses were performed from September 2021 to January 2022. Prevalence for individuals with ID was extracted by sex, age groups and SDI regions. Annual percentage change (APC) was estimated for each demographic group within SDI regions to assess their prevalence trends over 30 years. Relative and absolute inequalities were calculated between low and high SDI regions for the various age groups.

Results
In 2019, there were 107.62 million (1.74%) individuals with ID, with an APC of −0.80 (−0.88 to −0.72). There was a slightly higher prevalence among males (1.42%) than females (1.37%). The highest prevalence rates were found in the low-middle SDI regions (2.42%) and the lowest prevalence rates were in the high SDI regions (0.33%). There was a large reduction in the prevalence rate between the youngest age group v. the oldest age group in all the SDI regions and at all time points. The relative inequalities between low and high SDI regions increased over three decades.

Conclusions
While an overall decrease in global prevalence rate for ID was found, relative inequalities continue to increase with lower SDI regions needing more comprehensive support services. The demographic trends indicate a significantly higher mortality rate among those with ID v. the rest of the population. Our study highlights the necessity for policies and interventions targeting lower SDI regions to mobilise resources that better support individuals with ID and achieve sustainable development goals proposed by the United Nations.
Intelligence Predicts Sensory Discrimination Ability but Not Implicit Reward Learning
Authors: Sassenberg Tyler A. , Xi Muchen , Zhao Daiqing , Blain Scott D. , DeYoung Colin G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Previous research has made use of sensory discrimination tasks that incorporate differential reinforcement schedules as a method for measuring individual differences in implicit reward learning. One such task was popularized by Pizzagalli and colleagues (2005) with the intent of behaviorally assessing anhedonia and reward sensitivity. Various studies have examined implicit reward learning in relation to clinical symptoms and personality traits, including anhedonia, depression, and Extraversion. Despite extensive use of these tasks, they have not been extensively examined in relation to intelligence, which affects performance on many cognitive tasks. Other research suggests positive associations of intelligence with sensory discrimination ability. The present study utilized a probabilistic reward task in a large community sample to determine the relations among IQ, sensory discrimination ability, and implicit reward learning. Participants ( N = 298) completed a sensory discrimination task, as well as an IQ test. IQ was not associated with participants’ levels of implicit reward learning but was positively associated with sensory discrimination ability. These findings provide a further understanding of the complex relations among implicit learning, sensory discrimination ability, and intelligence.
Methane Production Linked to Organic Matter Molecule and Methanogenic Community in Estuarine Benthic Sediments
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Li Ye , Gao Dengzhou , Liu Min , Hou Lijun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe importance of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and methanogenic community to methane (CH4) production in estuarine benthic sediments remains poorly understood. Here, we determined CH4 production rate, DOM molecule, and methanogenic community in benthic sediments of Min River Estuary. CH4 production rates in freshwater and saline sediments varied between 0.28 and 0.56 μg CH4 m−2 h−1, and between 0.17 and 0.27 μg CH4 m−2 h−1, respectively. CH4 production rates in freshwater sediments were increased by 36%–66% under saline incubation, compared to freshwater incubation, indicating that elevated salinity can stimulate CH4 production. The δ13C‐CH4 decreased and fractionation factor between δ13C‐CO2 and δ13C‐CH4 increased from high‐ to low‐OM sediments, suggesting a shift of CH4 production from acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic pathways. A decrease in labile fractions and an increase in recalcitrance fractions of DOM were accompanied by the decrease in CH4 production. The Methanoregula, Methanocellales, Methanosarcina, and Methanosaeta were the predominant methanogenic communities in mediating CH4 production. The differences in DOM molecules and methanogenic archaea taxa could drive the distinct CH4 production rates in estuarine benthic sediments. These results suggest that DOM quantity and molecules and methanogenic archaea can substantially affect CH4 production, which have broader implications for global CH4 estimates under the ongoing eutrophication in estuarine and coastal ecosystems.
Targeting SPHK1/S1PR3-regulated S-1-P metabolic disorder triggers autophagic cell death in pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM)
Authors: Li Fei , Zhang Yifan , Lin Zhoujun , Yan Lizhong , Liu Qiao , Li Yin , Pei Xiaolin , Feng Ya , Han Xiao , Yang Juan , Zheng Fangxu , Li Tianjiao , Zhang Yupeng , Fu Zhenkun , Shao Di , Yu Jane , Li Chenggang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a progressive pulmonary disease exclusively affecting females, is caused by defects or mutations in the coding gene tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) or TSC2, causing the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation and autophagy inhibition. Clinically, rapamycin shows limited cytocidal effects, and LAM recurs after drug withdrawal. In this study, we demonstrated that TSC2 negatively regulated the sphingolipid metabolism pathway and the expressions of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) were significantly elevated in LAM patient-derived TSC2-deficient cells compared to TSC2-addback cells, insensitive to rapamycin treatment and estrogen stimulation. Knockdown of SPHK1 showed reduced viability, migration and invasion in TSC2-deficient cells. Selective SPHK1 antagonist PF543 potently suppressed the viability of TSC2-deficient cells and induced autophagy-mediated cell death. Meanwhile, the cognate receptor S1PR3 was identified to mediating the tumorigenic effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Treatment with TY52156, a selective antagonist for S1PR3, or genetic silencing using S1PR3-siRNA suppressed the viability of TSC2-deficient cells. Both SPHK1 and S1PR3 inhibitors markedly exhibited antitumor effect in a xenograft model of TSC2-null cells, restored autophagy level, and triggered cell death. Together, we identified novel rapamycin-insensitive sphingosine metabolic signatures in TSC2-null LAM cells. Therapeutic targeting of aberrant SPHK1/S1P/S1PR3 signaling may have potent therapeutic benefit for patients with TSC/LAM or other hyperactive mTOR neoplasms with autophagy inhibition.
DC vaccines loaded with glioma cells killed by photodynamic therapy induce Th17 anti-tumor immunity and provide a four-gene signature for glioma prognosis
Authors: Vedunova Maria , Turubanova Victoria , Vershinina Olga , Savyuk Maria , Efimova Iuliia , Mishchenko Tatiana , Raedt Robrecht , Vral Anne , Vanhove Christian , Korsakova Daria , Bachert Claus , Coppieters Frauke , Agostinis Patrizia , Garg Abhishek D. , Ivanchenko Mikhail , Krysko Olga , Krysko Dmitri V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractGliomas, the most frequent type of primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults, results in significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the development of novel, complex, multidisciplinary, and targeted therapies, glioma therapy has not progressed much over the last decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel patient-adjusted immunotherapies that actively stimulate antitumor T cells, generate long-term memory, and result in significant clinical benefits. This work aimed to investigate the efficacy and molecular mechanism of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines loaded with glioma cells undergoing immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by photosens-based photodynamic therapy (PS-PDT) and to identify reliable prognostic gene signatures for predicting the overall survival of patients. Analysis of the transcriptional program of the ICD-based DC vaccine led to the identification of robust induction of Th17 signature when used as a vaccine. These DCs demonstrate retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt dependent efficacy in an orthotopic mouse model. Moreover, comparative analysis of the transcriptome program of the ICD-based DC vaccine with transcriptome data from the TCGA-LGG dataset identified a four-gene signature (CFH, GALNT3, SMC4, VAV3) associated with overall survival of glioma patients. This model was validated on overall survival of CGGA-LGG, TCGA-GBM, and CGGA-GBM datasets to determine whether it has a similar prognostic value. To that end, the sensitivity and specificity of the prognostic model for predicting overall survival were evaluated by calculating the area under the curve of the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve. The values of area under the curve for TCGA-LGG, CGGA-LGG, TCGA-GBM, and CGGA-GBM for predicting five-year survival rates were, respectively, 0.75, 0.73, 0.9, and 0.69. These data open attractive prospects for improving glioma therapy by employing ICD and PS-PDT-based DC vaccines to induce Th17 immunity and to use this prognostic model to predict the overall survival of glioma patients.
Tracking westerly wind directions over Europe since the middle Holocene
Authors: Hu Hsun-Ming , Trouet Valerie , Spötl Christoph , Tsai Hsien-Chen , Chien Wei-Yi , Sung Wen-Hui , Michel Véronique , Yu Jin-Yi , Valensi Patricia , Jiang Xiuyang , Duan Fucai , Wang Yongjin , Mii Horng-Sheng , Chou Yu-Min , Lone Mahjoor Ahmad , Wu Chung-Che , Starnini Elisabetta , Zunino Marta , Watanabe Takaaki K. , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Hsu Huang-Hsiung , Moore G.W.K. , Zanchetta Giovanni , Pérez-Mejías Carlos , Lee Shih-Yu , Shen Chuan-Chou 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe variability of the northern westerlies has been considered as one of the key elements for modern and past climate evolution. Their multiscale behavior and underlying control mechanisms, however, are incompletely understood, owing to the complex dynamics of Atlantic sea-level pressures. Here, we present a multi-annually resolved record of the westerly drift over the past 6,500 years from northern Italy. In combination with more than 20 other westerly-sensitive records, our results depict the non-stationary westerly-affected regions over mainland Europe on multi-decadal to multi-centennial time scales, showing that the direction of the westerlies has changed with respect to the migrations of the North Atlantic centers of action since the middle Holocene. Our findings suggest the crucial role of the migrations of the North Atlantic dipole in modulating the westerly-affected domain over Europe, possibly modulated by Atlantic Ocean variability.
Sourcing thermotolerant poly(ethylene terephthalate) hydrolase scaffolds from natural diversity
Authors: Erickson Erika , Gado Japheth E. , Avilán Luisana , Bratti Felicia , Brizendine Richard K. , Cox Paul A. , Gill Raj , Graham Rosie , Kim Dong-Jin , König Gerhard , Michener William E. , Poudel Saroj , Ramirez Kelsey J. , Shakespeare Thomas J. , Zahn Michael , Boyd Eric S. , Payne Christina M. , DuBois Jennifer L. , Pickford Andrew R. , Beckham Gregg T. , McGeehan John E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEnzymatic deconstruction of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is under intense investigation, given the ability of hydrolase enzymes to depolymerize PET to its constituent monomers near the polymer glass transition temperature. To date, reported PET hydrolases have been sourced from a relatively narrow sequence space. Here, we identify additional PET-active biocatalysts from natural diversity by using bioinformatics and machine learning to mine 74 putative thermotolerant PET hydrolases. We successfully express, purify, and assay 51 enzymes from seven distinct phylogenetic groups; observing PET hydrolysis activity on amorphous PET film from 37 enzymes in reactions spanning pH from 4.5–9.0 and temperatures from 30–70 °C. We conduct PET hydrolysis time-course reactions with the best-performing enzymes, where we observe differences in substrate selectivity as function of PET morphology. We employed X-ray crystallography and AlphaFold to examine the enzyme architectures of all 74 candidates, revealing protein folds and accessory domains not previously associated with PET deconstruction. Overall, this study expands the number and diversity of thermotolerant scaffolds for enzymatic PET deconstruction.