bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifting gears: Study of immune system parameters of male habitual marathon runners
Authors: Panagoulias Ioannis , Charokopos Nikolaos , Thomas Iason , Spantidea Panagiota I. , de Lastic Anne-Lise , Rodi Maria , Anastasopoulou Spyridoula , Aggeletopoulou Ioanna , Lazaris Charalampos , Karkoulias Kiriakos , Leonidou Lydia , Georgopoulos Neoklis A. , Markou Kostas B. , Mouzaki Athanasia 
Published: January 2023

AimMarathon is a running event in which athletes must cover a distance of 42.195 km. In addition to participating in marathons, marathoners have incorporated extensive running into their lifestyle. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term strenuous exercise in the form of marathon running on the immune system.Methods &amp; ResultsWe collected peripheral blood samples from 37 male marathoners before/after a race and 37 age/sex/body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy sedentary controls. Hematological and biochemical tests revealed race-induced leukocytosis attributable to neutrophilia and significant increases in plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and cortisol concentrations. Phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes revealed race-induced significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes, memory helper T (Th) cells, naive, memory and activated cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, natural killer (NK), NKT, and B1 cells, and a significant increase in the number of activated Th and regulatory Th cells (Tregs). Compared with controls, marathoners maintained significantly lower levels of memory and activated Th cells and higher levels of activated Tc and B1 cells. Measurement of plasma cytokine levels revealed a pro-inflammatory cytokine polarization that increased after the race. Examination of gene expression of cytokines and Th-cell signature transcription factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-17, and a significant increase in IL-6, IL-10 and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) after the race. Compared with controls, marathoners maintained significantly higher levels of TNF-α. Assessment of the suppressive capacity of Tregs in co-cultures of isolated effector Th cells and Tregs showed significantly increased suppressive capacity of marathoners’ Tregs after the race.ConclusionsCompared with controls, marathoners live with permanent changes in certain immune parameters. Marathoners exhibit a stable pro-inflammatory cytokine polarization that increases after the race and is counterbalanced by increased numbers of Tregs overexpressing FoxP3 and having increased suppressive capacity.
Appetite in captivity - feeding studies of the red sea cucumber Parastichopus tremulus
Authors: Sunde Jan , Christophersen Gyda 
Published: January 2023

The deposit feeding sea cucumber Parastichopus tremulus is an underutilised resource in North Atlantic waters. Geographically it is distributed from the Barents Sea in the north to the Canary Islands in the south. At present performance of P. tremulus in aquaculture is largely unknown. Species and stage specific biological knowledge gaps need to be filled for a potential industry to develop, and feeds that support growth needs special attention. Particulate matter (sludge) from fish farms is an unutilised resource that has potential as ingredient in feeds for sea cucumbers, which would help to reduce the environmental footprint of P. tremulus aquaculture production. The suitability of salmon sludge as a feed ingredient is unknown. Feeds using dried salmon freshwater sludge (50% and 75% volume ratios) or seaweed powder (Sargassum spp. 25%, 50% and 75% volume ratios) were compared in this study. Feed mixes with different ratios of ingredients and sand (0.6-1 mm) were given in excess (50% wet weight/wet weight animal/week) to adult P. tremulus. Daily feed intake was estimated by measuring daily faeces production rate. Each animal was given all feeds sequentially, and faeces collected for a ten-day period. Absorption efficiencies were estimated based on analysis of organic matter content in feed and faeces. Large variations were found in feed intake, both between individuals and between days. Our results indicated that P. tremulus showed a higher intake of feeds containing seaweed, with a trend of higher intake with increasing seaweed content. Absorption efficiency estimates of seaweed-based feeds ranged from -337 to 73.7%. P. tremulus showed a preferential selection of organic particles in the feed with lowest content of seaweed. Absorption efficiency of feeds containing sludge (2.5 – 58.3%) was comparable to that of feeds containing seaweed, however, feed intake of sludge-based feeds was significantly lower than that of the seaweed-based feeds and resulted in large variation in estimates. The results suggest that salmon freshwater sludge could have a potential future use as an ingredient in sustainable feeds for P. tremulus, but that optimisation of feed formulations need to be studied further.
Innovations and developments in single cell protein: Bibliometric review and patents analysis
Authors: Ribeiro Gislane Oliveira , Rodrigues Leticia de Alencar Pereira , Santos Thiale Borges Silva dos , Alves João Pedro Santos , Oliveira Roseane Santos , Nery Tatiana Barreto Rocha , Barbosa Josiane Dantas Viana , Soares Milena Botelho Pereira 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundGlobal demand for food products derived from alternative proteins and produced through sustainable technological routes is increasing. Evaluation of research progress, main trends and developments in the field are valuable to identify evolutionary nuances.MethodsIn this study, a bibliometric analysis and search of patents on alternative proteins from fermentation processes was carried out using the Web of Science and Derwent World Patents Index™ databases, using the keywords and Boolean operators “fermentation” AND “single cell protein” OR “single-cell protein.” The dataset was processed and graphics generated using the bibliometric software VOSviewer and OriginPro 8.1.ResultsThe analysis performed recovered a total of 360 articles, of which 271 were research articles, 49 literature review articles and 40 publications distributed in different categories, such as reprint, proceedings paper, meeting abstract among others. In addition, 397 patents related to the field were identified, with China being the country with the largest number of publications and patents deposits. While this topic is largely interdisciplinary, the majority of work is in the area of Biotechnology Applied Microbiology, which boasts the largest number of publications. The area with the most patent filings is the food sector, with particular emphasis on the fields of biochemistry, beverages, microbiology, enzymology and genetic engineering. Among these patents, 110 are active, with industries or companies being the largest depositors. Keyword analysis revealed that the area of study involving single cell protein has included investigation into types of microorganisms, fermentation, and substrates (showing a strong trend in the use of agro-industrial by-products) as well as optimization of production processes.ConclusionThis bibliometric analysis provided important information, challenges, and trends on this relevant subject.
Effect of yeast culture supplementation in sows during late gestation and lactation on growth performance, antioxidant properties, and intestinal microorganisms of offspring weaned piglets
Authors: Liu Yalei , Jia Xinlin , Chang Junlei , Jiang Xuemei , Che Lianqiang , Lin Yan , Zhuo Yong , Feng Bin , Fang Zhengfeng , Li Jian , Hua Lun , Wang Jianping , Ren Zhihua , Sun Mengmeng , Wu De , Xu Shengyu 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe effects of maternal addition of yeast cultures on offspring gut development and intestinal microorganisms are not yet known, so the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal addition of yeast cultures to the diet of sows during late gestation and lactation on growth performance, antioxidant properties and intestinal microorganisms of offspring weaned piglets.Methods40 Landrace × Yorkshire sows (3–7 of parity) with similar backfat were randomly divided into two treatment groups: control diet (CON) and control diet +2.0 g/kg yeast culture (XPC), and the trial started on day 90 of gestation and ended on day 21 of lactation.ResultsThe results showed that maternal addition of yeast culture significantly increased weaned piglet weight and mean daily gain (p &lt; 0.05), with a tendency to increase litter weight gain (p = 0.083) and liver weight (p = 0.076) compared to the control group. The content of thymus malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) and the content of colon total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) in the offspring weaned piglets of the XPC group compared to the control group. The expression of thymus SOD1 and SOD2, spleen SOD1, jejunum SOD2, and colon GPX1, SOD1, and SOD2 were significantly downregulated in the XPC group of offspring weaned piglets compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05). The intestinal morphology and the content of short-chain fatty acids in colonic chyme did not differ between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, the XPC group significantly increased the relative abundance of colonic chyme Bacteroidetes (p &lt; 0.05), tended to decrease the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (p = 0.078), and tended to increase the relative abundance of Alloprevotella (p = 0.055). The XPC group significantly upregulated Blautia and Fournierella (p &lt; 0.05) and significantly downregulated Candidatus_Competibacter, Nitrospira, Dechloromonas, Haliangium, and Oscillospira (p &lt; 0.05).DiscussionIn conclusion, maternal addition of yeast cultures improved the growth performance of offspring weaned piglets and changed the intestinal microbial community, but did not improve their antioxidant performance.
Characteristics of different types of Helicobacter pylori: New evidence from non-amplified white light endoscopy
Authors: Liu Weidong , Kong Wenjie , Hui Wenjia , Wang Chun , Jiang Qi , Shi Hong , Gao Feng 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundDifferent types of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) were analyzed to determine their infection characteristics using serology, pathology, and non-magnification white light endoscopy combined with the Kimura–Takemoto classification, and the regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC) as well.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of 685 inpatients who have completed the 14C-urea breath test, the H. pylori antibody typing classification, the serum gastric function tests (PGI/PGII/G-17), the endoscope detection, and the pathological examinations.ResultsThe levels of PGI, PGII, and G-17 were in descending order from the type I H. pylori infection group to the type II H. pylori infection group than the control group (F = 14.31; 26.23; 9.12, P &lt; 0.01). Using the Kimura–Takemoto classification, there were significant differences among the three groups of different degrees of atrophy (χ2=29.81; 482.78; 292.5, P&lt; 0.01). Based on the characteristics of RAC, the H. pylori infection rates were in descending order from the type I H. pylori infection group to the type II H. pylori infection group than the control group (χ2= 200.39; 174.72; 143.51, P &lt; 0.01). The type I H. pylori infection group had higher grades than those of the type II H. pylori infection group in the OLGA and OLGIM staging systems, while the differences are statistically significant only in the OLGA staging system (χ2=10.63, P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionWith the aid of non-amplified white light endoscopy, we found new evidence of type I H. pylori infection accelerating the progression of gastric mucosal atrophy through the degree of atrophy and the range of infection, whereas type II H. pylori infection has a low ability of migration and atrophy progression. Individual virulence factor-based eradication therapy may be a better choice in future.
Thyroid axis hormones and anthropometric recovery of children/adolescents with overweight/obesity: A scoping review
Authors: Urrea Carlos Ramos , Pedroso Amanda Paula , Thomazini Fernanda , Carmo Andreia Cristina Feitosa do , Telles Mônica Marques , Sawaya Ana Lydia , Franco Maria do Carmo Pinho , Ribeiro Eliane Beraldi 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThyroid hormones exert multiple physiological effects essential to the maintenance of basal metabolic rate (BMR), adaptive thermogenesis, fat metabolism, growth, and appetite. The links between obesity and the hormones of the thyroid axis, i.e., triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyrotropin (TSH), are still controversial, especially when considering children and adolescents. This population has high rates of overweight and obesity and several treatment approaches, including nutritional, psychological, and physical exercise interventions have been used. Understanding the importance of the hormones of the thyroid axis in the recovery from overweight and obesity may help directing measures to the maintenance of a healthy body composition. The present scoping review was carried out to analyze studies evaluating these hormonal levels throughout interventions directed at treating overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. The main purpose was to ascertain whether the hormones levels vary during weight loss.MethodsWe selected for analysis 19 studies published between 1999 and 2022.ResultsMost of the studies showed that changes in different anthropometric indicators, in response to the multidisciplinary interventions, correlated positively with free T3 (fT3), total T3 (TT3), and TSH. With respect to free T4 (fT4) and total T4 (TT4).DiscussionThe most common finding was of unchanged levels and, hence, no significant association with weight loss. Moreover, thyroxine supplementation has failed to affect the response to the interventions. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the relevance of the variations in hormone levels to the establishment of overweight/obesity and to the recovery from these conditions in children/adolescents.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020203359.
Optimum birth interval (36–48 months) may reduce the risk of undernutrition in children: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ntambara James , Zhang Wendi , Qiu Anni , Cheng Zhounan , Chu Minjie 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAlthough some studies have highlighted short birth interval as a risk factor for adverse child nutrition outcomes, the question of whether and to what extent long birth interval affects better nutritional outcomes in children remains unclear.MethodsIn this quantitative meta-analysis, we evaluate the relationship between different birth interval groups and child nutrition outcomes, including underweight, wasting, and stunting.ResultsForty-six studies with a total of 898,860 children were included in the study. Compared with a short birth interval of &lt;24 months, birth interval of ≥24 months and risk of being underweight showed a U-shape that the optimum birth interval group of 36–48 months yielded the most protective effect (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32–0.89). Moreover, a birth interval of ≥24 months was significantly associated with decreased risk of stunting (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.55–0.67) and wasting (OR = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.50–0.79) when compared with the birth interval of &lt;24 months.ConclusionThe findings of this study show that longer birth intervals (≥24 months) are significantly associated with decreased risk of childhood undernutrition and that an optimum birth interval of 36–48 months might be appropriate to reduce the prevalence of poor nutritional outcomes in children, especially underweight. This information would be useful to government policymakers and development partners in maternal and child health programs, especially those involved in family planning and childhood nutritional programs.
A study of diet in older community-dwelling adults in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the Southampton Longitudinal Study of Ageing (SaLSA)
Authors: Laskou Faidra , Bevilacqua Gregorio , Westbury Leo D. , Bloom Ilse , Aggarwal Pritti , Cooper Cyrus , Patel Harnish P. , Dennison Elaine 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAdequate nutrition is important for health in later life. Older adults are especially vulnerable to adverse outcomes following infection by COVID-19 and have commonly spent a disproportionate time within their own homes to reduce risk of infection. There are concerns that advice to shield may have led to malnutrition as older adults may modify daily routines including usual shopping habits. The aims of this study were to report self-reported pandemic-related changes in diet and examine lifestyle and medical correlates of these changes in older UK community-dwelling adults.MethodsWe recruited 491 participants from the city of Southampton, UK. Participants completed a postal questionnaire in summer/autumn 2021, over a year after the first UK national lockdown was announced. The questionnaire ascertained demographic and lifestyle factors, in addition to number of comorbidities, nutrition risk scores, and presence of frailty. Associations between these participant characteristics in relation to self-reported changes in diet quality (lower, similar or higher when compared to before the first lockdown) were examined using ordinal logistic regression.ResultsMedian (lower quartile, upper quartile) age was 79.8 (77.0, 83.7) years. Overall, 11 (4.9%) men and 25 (9.4%) women had poorer diet quality compared to before the first UK lockdown. The following participant characteristics were associated with increased risk of being in a worse category for change in diet quality after adjustment for sex: lower educational attainment (p = 0.009); higher BMI (p &lt; 0.001); higher DETERMINE (a malnutrition assessment) score (p = 0.004); higher SARC-F score (p = 0.013); and self-reported exhaustion in the previous week on at least 3 days (p = 0.002).ConclusionsIndividuals at higher nutritional risk were identified as reporting increased risk of deterioration in diet quality during the pandemic. Further investigation of the factors leading to these changes, and an understanding of whether they are reversible will be important, especially for future pandemic management.
Gender difference in association between low muscle mass and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among Chinese adults with visceral obesity
Authors: Lu Yayun , Xia Qing , Wu Liangyu , Xie Zhiping 
Published: January 2023

Background and aimsAlthough the association between low muscle mass and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is well-known, it has not been explored in viscerally obese populations by gender. Besides, whether low muscle mass still increases the NAFLD risk in subjects with visceral obesity, independent of obesity, is still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the gender-specific association between low muscle mass and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in subjects with visceral obesity.MethodsOverall, 1,114 participants aged 19–89 years were recruited in this retrospective study. Liver disease was diagnosed by hepatic ultrasound. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated by bioimpedance analysis and defined by the appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). Gender-specific differences in the ASMI value were compared between NAFLD and control groups. Restricted cubic spline and multivariate logistic regression were performed to analyze the association (stratified by gender and age) between the ASMI and the risk of NAFLD, respectively.ResultsMiddle-aged females (40–60 years) and males (of any age) with NAFLD had a significantly lower ASMI compared with controls (P-value &lt; 0.05). An inverse linear association was found between the ASMI and risk of NAFLD (all Pfornon−linearity &gt; 0.05). Lower quartiles of the ASMI conferred independent risk of NAFLD compared to higher quartiles (all P for trend &lt; 0.001). Low muscle mass conferred a higher risk of NAFLD in middle-aged females (adjusted odds ratio = 2.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.19–4.95) and males [18–39 years: 3.76 (1.79–7.91); 40–60 years: 4.50 (2.16–9.39); and &gt;60 years: 4.10 (1.13–14.84)]. Besides, Low muscle mass and low muscle mass with obesity increase the risk of developing NAFLD, independent of obesity.ConclusionAmong those with visceral obesity, low muscle mass increased the risk of NAFLD in males of any age, and middle-aged females, this may be explained by the postmenopausal decline in estrogen.
Clinicopathological characteristics and features of molecular subtypes of breast cancer at high altitudes
Authors: Chen Qi , Duan Cheng-Bin , Huang Ye , Liu Kun 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundBreast cancer is one of the major malignancies threatening women’s health worldwide. The incidence of breast cancer at high altitudes increased over the years. But few studies focused on the characteristics of clinicopathology and molecular subtypes among breast cancer at high altitudes, which are still unknown. Tibet, with an average altitude over 4000 meters, is a representative city at high altitudes, lying in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in southwestern China. This study aimed to identify the clinicopathological characteristics and features of molecular subtypes among Tibetan women with breast cancer, and provide evidence for cancer prevention and personalized therapeutics in high-altitude regions.MethodsBetween May 2013 and March 2022, 104 Tibetan women from high-altitude regions (Tibetan-group) and 34 Han Chinese women from low-altitude regions (Han-group), consecutively diagnosed with breast cancer in the Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, were included in the study. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical character, altitudes of residence, tumor size, lymph nodes metastasis, distant metastasis, pathological type, immunohistochemical index, and molecular subtype.ResultsIn the study, we calculated the patient delay, equal to the period from symptoms onset to hospital visits. The patient delay of Tibetan-group was 7.47 ± 11.53 months, which was significantly longer than that of Han-group, 7.22 ± 22.96 months (p&lt;0.05). Body Mass Index (BMI) was significantly different (p&lt;0.05). Tumors in Tibetan-group were significantly larger than those in Han-group, 4.13 ± 2.98cm and 2.51 ± 0.82cm in diameter, respectively (p&lt;0.05). According to ordinal logistic regression analysis, exposure to high altitudes might result in more advanced T stage (OR=2.45 95%CI 1.10-5.44). 41.3% (43/104) of cases in Tibetan-group had lymph node positive disease, whereas the percentage was found in 38.26% (13/34) in Han-group(p&lt;0.05). The distribution of molecular subtypes was quite significantly different between two groups (p&lt;0.05), according to the comparison of constituent ratios.ConclusionOur study verified that breast cancer at high altitudes possessed its own unique clinicopathological characteristics and distinct features of molecular subtypes. It broadened the understanding of this heterogenous disease and also provided valuable evidence for cancer prevention and personalized therapeutics of breast cancer at high altitudes.