bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of growing pains in a general paediatric OPD: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study
Authors: Khuntdar Bidyut K. , Mondal Sumon , Naik Surjit , Mohanta Mahesh P. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Context:
Growing pain (GP) is a common presentation in primary care settings.

Aims:
To find out the prevalence of GP and to observe its characteristics and associations.

Settings and Design:
General paediatric outpatient department (OPD).

Methods and Material:
Children coming to the general paediatric OPD of a tertiary centre in India between April 2019 and March 2020 for ‘chronic leg pains’ were screened with Peterson’s criteria. Patients with systemic illness were excluded. All received vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Patients with haemoglobin less than 11 gm% received additional 3 mg/kg iron supplementation. Then, patients were asked for follow-up.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test.

Results:
A total of 333 children were diagnosed as GP out of the total OPD attendance of 26750. The prevalence was 1.24% and 72.7% among the children with chronic leg pain. Highest prevalence was in winter (1.74%). The mean age of the patients was 7.88 years. The mean duration of symptoms was 10.92 months. After 3 months, 267 patients could be followed up. Seventy-two out of 107 (67.3%) children, who received iron became symptom-free. Only 43 (28.8%) patients became symptom-free out of 160, who received only calcium and vitamin D3 and did not receive iron. The difference was highly significant statistically (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of GP in the OPD was 1.24% and 72.7% among the children with chronic leg pain. Iron supplementation along with vitamin D3 and calcium was associated with faster resolution of the symptoms.
Comparison of the angle deviation of the nose line to the mentum and Mallampati test in predicting the difficult airway before anesthesia
Authors: Parish Masoud , Rouhani Alireza , Deljavan Sanaz Irannejad , Abedini Naghi 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
A high percentage of dangerous events in anesthesia occur due to airway problems, and proper airway management is always one of the key points during anesthesia. Airway management in critically ill patients is one of the most stressful situations for primary care physicians and even for anesthesiologists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical features of patients’ airways, including the angle of deviation of the nasal line from the nasal to the mentum (NMLD), and perform a Mallampati test.

Method:
This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients admitted to Shohada Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, who were candidates for elective surgery for 1 year and 6 months, and underwent endotracheal intubation. Based on laryngeal observation, patients were classified into four groups. Then, all data related to individuals including type of surgery, age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and nasal mentum line deviation (NMLD) were recorded. Then, all the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19.

Results:
A total of 85 patients from 17 to 67 years with a mean age of 37.64 ± 12.89 were studied. There was a statistically significant relationship between laryngoscopy difficulty and Mallampati score (P = 0.001). The findings showed a statistically significant relationship between laryngoscopy difficulty and the mean NMLD (P = 0.01). A Mallampati of 85% indicates laryngoscopy difficulty. Also, NMLD can predict laryngoscopy difficulty by up to 66%.

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrated that both the Mallampati score variable and NMLD are related to the difficult airway problem. Furthermore, the Mallampati score has a higher predictive value for difficult intubation than the NMLD.
Study of health seeking behaviour in parents of children in a population-based childhood visual impairment study in North India – “CHVI 2”
Authors: Wadhwani Meenakshi , Vashist Praveen , Singh Suraj S. , Gupta Vivek , Saxena Rohit , Gupta Noopur 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The background of this study is to determine the awareness about health seeking behaviour (HSB) in parents of visually impaired children in a population-based study.

Methods:
The study was conducted in population <16 years in urban area of North India. A total of 20,955 (97.3%) children underwent visual acuity examination. Of these, 789 children were referred to the centrally based clinic with unaided visual acuity <6/12 in any eye for undergoing detailed ophthalmic examination.

Results:
Along with ocular examination, the parents of these 789 referred children, were interviewed for the questions related to HSB, the most common ocular symptom known to them was redness of eyes followed by watering and diminution of vision, 249 (34.6%) denied for any ocular problem in their children previously, amongst the remaining 469 parents/care takers with any ocular problem, a total of 367 (51.1%) referred children wore glasses and the proportion of parents wearing glasses was similar amongst these children (11.7% fathers and 11% mothers). Amongst the 118 respondents of visually impaired children (presenting visual acuity less than 6/18 in better eye with available correction), 56 (47.5%) denied for any ocular problem in their children previously, of the remaining 62 (52.5%), parents, 58 (93.5%) had consulted various healthcare agencies, 45.8% of the respondents reported not said that their children wore glasses prescribed to them. Only 24 (20.3%) respondents were aware that Vitamin A is good for eye health.

Discussion:
Diminution of vision, watering and redness of eyes were the most common ocular symptoms known to parents of referred children. HSB can be further improved via primary healthcare physicians by primary healthcare creating awareness about importance of wearing glasses and healthy diet in parents of visually impaired children.
Evaluation of treatment response results in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus undergoing surgery
Authors: Komlakh Khalil , Oveisi Hamidreza , Aghamiri Seyed Hossein 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is an important surgical method in the treatment of various forms of adult hydrocephalus and in many cases is more effective than traditional methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of response to treatment in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus undergoing endoscopic third ventriculostomy surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 24 patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy. The patients were selected by the available sampling method, and the data were collected through a researcher-made checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software.

Results:
Among 24 patients, 62.5% were male and the mean age was 70.85 ± 9.1 years. The results showed that there was no statistically significant relationship between age (P value = 0.43) and sex (P value = 0.37) with the success and failure rate of the surgical method. There was a significant difference between movement disorders (P value = 0.00) and dementia (P value = 0.00) before and after surgery, while there was no statistically significant difference between urinary disorders before and after surgery (P value = 0.22).

Discussion and Conclusion:
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy is an effective surgical method in the treatment of patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus and it improves the symptoms of movement disorder and dementia.
Prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in fibrocavitary pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Rajpurohit Rakesh , Wagh Pankaj , Heda Mamta , Dubey Gaurav , Gujar Pankaj S. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a global health issue. While the lungs are the most commonly affected, infections can also affect other organs. Because of the rise in immunocompromised hosts, the number of opportunistic infections has skyrocketed. In instances of aspergilloma and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is the most usually linked condition.

Material and Methods:
The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 study participants from January 2018 to June 2019.

Results:
Aspergilloma was observed in two participants (4.8%) of the study population. Candida growth was observed in five participants (11.9%) of the study population on sputum fungal culture. Aspergillus growth and Candida growth was observed in three (7.1%) and two (4.8%) participants of the study population, respectively, on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fungal culture. Aspergillus IgG antibody was positive in four particpants (9.5%) of study population. Out of the 42 participants, four were diagnosed with CPA.

Conclusion:
Since CPA and PTB patients present similar symptoms, it is virtually impossible to distinguish between the two unless serological test is performed. There has been a significant burden of patients with CPA, especially in post tuberculosis fibro-cavitation. CPA patients requires long-term anti-fungal therapy; hence an improved case detection should be undertaken.
Ethiopia’s Criminal Law Evolution from the Perspectives of Major Legal Theories: An Overview
Authors: Assefa Simeneh Kiros 
Published: February 2023

This article reviews the various theories of law applied throughout the modern development of the Ethiopian system of rules from a criminal law perspective. As is elsewhere, the initial influences mainly relate to the natural law theory. Later, positivisation evolved as part of the modernisation of law. Further, as part of the modernisation of society, the social theory of law evolved. With the PMAC coming to power, the Marxist theory of law crept in. The excessive connection between law and politics glamoured the instrumentality of the law. This got prominence in the post-2005 election in Ethiopia. The theories of law are abstracted from the manner the laws were designed, or the way they are implemented. The discussion looks into the difference between the statutes and the application of criminal law. Further, it shows that legal theory has a method aspect. I finally argue for the pragmatic instrumentality of the law.
Integrating Traditional and State Institutions for Conflict Prevention: Institutional, Legal and Policy Frameworks in Ethiopia
Authors: Halefom Awet 
Published: February 2023

Despite the prevalence of traditional institutions and the growing official and academic need to ‘recognize,’ ‘empower’ and incorporate them in the state system, competition and harmony between the two persists. There are seventy-six officially listed ethnic groups in Ethiopia, and there exists a great plurality of livelihoods, social organizations, belief systems, and political and legal systems in the country. Notwithstanding the human right issues, traditional institutions operating outside the state are the dominant form of conflict prevention and resolution in Ethiopia. However, the relationship between traditional institutions and state institutions remains unclear. Previous researches either focus on the constitutional set-up and legal framework of states, or their scope is too specific relating to local case studies and their relationship with the state local institutions. This relationship does not, however, only involve legal issues or concerns at the bottom, but it is also an issue of governance and political structure. This article is based on content and document analysis and examines the harmony and competition between the state and traditional institutions in Ethiopia. I argue that despite their practical prevalence, the policy, legal and institutional frameworks in Ethiopia do not plainly address the relationship between the state and traditional institutions. Although de facto recognition seems to exist, the practice shows that the state that envisages the importance of traditional institutions undermines their role in case of conflict with state institutions.
Major Themes in the Study of Ethiopian Customary Laws (Amharic)
Authors: Muradu Abdo  
Published: February 2023

The literature covered in this Article reveals different perspectives. On the one hand, there is the idea that customary law systems should be set aside as they are inimical to national development and unity. On the other hand, there is the view that those customary legal systems which do not offend individual rights shall be given due place owing to their multifaceted benefits while only those customary laws which violate individual rights shall be abolished is gaining importance. The issue of whether customary laws should be given recognition on account of collective identity or because of their instrumental value is not addressed in the researches reviewed. The interface between customary law systems and state legal system is not fully investigated in the existing literature on the subject. There is some research conducted on customary law systems of Ethiopia on the initiative and financial support of the Government at Federal or regional levels. The initiative aims at deploying these researches as inputs for legal and institutional reform, to use them for the benefit of the current generation as well as to preserve, improve and pass them on to the next generation. This article recommends that researches on customary law systems of Ethiopia conducted by anthropologists, social workers, historians and political scientists deserve future review as the current article has not considered them. Those customary legal systems of Ethiopia which are not yet studied or insufficiently studied warrant exploration. Notwithstanding various research initiatives with the financial support of international institutions, there is a need to have government-led and financed study on customary systems of the country. There should be an institution which assumes this responsibility. The extent of recognition given to customary law systems in the Federal Constitution, proclamations and policies should be duly examined; and there should be policy and detailed legal framework regarding customary law systems of the Country.
Alkaline Protease Production by Immobilized Klebsiella aerogenes Cells from Dairy Effluent Sludge
Authors: Osho M.B. , Akhigbe G.E. , Adekoya G.A. 
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the screening of alkaline protease microorganism from diary effluent sludge and identified by 16S ribosomal RNA nucleotide sequence as Klebsiella aerogenes with accession number MF156964.1 and maximum identity 95.45%. The cells were immobilized with coconut pod husks and optimization studies such as the effects of particle sizes, pH, temperature, agitation speed, and incubation time were determined. Out of twenty three microorganisms screened, three were potential protease producers. K. aerogenes gave the highest zone of hydrolysis (35 mm) on the skimmed milk agar plate. The particle size (0.075 mm2) of the immobilization agent gave the highest enzyme activity 176.83 U/mL. The optimum incubation time for the production of protease was 48 h with enzyme activity 143.054 U/mL which further declined. The optimum pH of the protease was pH 9.0 with activity 209.61 U/mL which made it alkaline. The agitation speed 150 rpm resulted in a protease activity 175.83 U/mL and reduced by 56.5% at 250 rpm. The optimal temperature 35 ºC was 183.78 U/mL. This study also confirmed the stability and reusability of the immobilized cells using the coconut pod husks matrix by maintaining from 100% to 76.2% up to six times recycle. Conclusively, the study established the efficiency of low cost, readily available matrix and reusability potentials of coconut pod husks for cells immobilization technology through entrapment at optimal conditions for protease production.
Impact of Solid Waste on Soil Bacterial and the Municipal Waste Management in Some Communities of Lagos Island
Authors: Yakubu J.M. , Udochukwu U. 
Published: February 2023

The effects of solid waste on soil and soil sentinels cannot be over emphasized. On the other hand, managing municipal waste has a serious challenge. This study focused on the impact of solid waste on soil bacteria and the municipal waste management in some communities of Lagos Island which are Dolphin and Adeola Odeku Village. This study aimed at examining the present municipal waste management practices in Lagos Island and how they can be improved upon. Random sampling was used to administer 100 questionnaires to households while the different heavy metal concentrations in the soil samples were determined using Buck 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The wastes were mainly composed of food wastes, plastics/pet bottles and nylon. Although the majority of the respondents (65%) had waste bins/bags assigned to their houses, about 73.86% did not sort their wastes. The concentrations of the heavy metals (Co, Zn, Ni, and Mn) in the soil samples were higher in Dolphin and Adeola Odeku village compared to the control soil sample. The bacterial isolates identified from the soil samples are Corynebacterium spp., Enterobacter spp., Flavobacterium spp., Acinebacter spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Bacillus subtilis and Micricoccus leteus. SWOT analysis revealed the need to improve environmental awareness to minimize the threat of low sorting of wastes. Also, opportunities exist for recycling plastics/pet bottles and nylon while wastes from food materials could benefit agriculture through composing. This study suggests that more environmental awareness, policies, and better administration are needed to improve the status of waste management in urban communities of Lagos Island.
إسهاماتُ المرأة العربية في صدر الإسلام وتطبيقاتها التربوية
Authors: بن محمد الحارثي عبدالرحمن , عبدالله عسيري سارة 
Published: February 2023

ملخص
هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى التعرف اسهامات المرأة العربية الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية في صدر الإسلام والتطبيقات التربوية لهذه الاسهامات، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث استخدمت الباحثة المنهج الاستنباطي وتوصلت الى أن نظرة الإسلام للمرأة منبثقةٌ من نظرة الإسلام للإنسان المكرَّم، فلا تمايُز ولا اختلاف، وأحكام الشريعة تقرر فيها المساواة وتحقيق العدالة، ولا تخصيص لأحدٍ إلا بمُخصِّص؛ لأن الشريعة شاملة متكاملة، وأن المرأة المسلمة كان لها دورٌ فعَّالٌ في المجتمع، والمشاركة في مجالات الحياة الاقتصادية والسياسية والاجتماعية كافة، فاستغلت وقتها بما يعود عليها بالنفع عليها وعلى أسرتها، للمرأة المسلمة دورٌ فاعلٌ في المشاركة المجتمعية بلا مقابل، وهذا تأصيلًا لما تهدف فيه رؤية المملكة 2030م لزيادة نسبة المتطوعين الى مليون متطوع عبر تسهيلها للعمل التطوعي، وكان العهد النبوي أفضل الفترات الزمنية هو العهد الذهبي التي أظهرت فاعلية المرأة وإيجابيها، و أوصىت الدراسة الحالية بربط الدراسات عن المرأة العربية بالهوية الإسلامية الأصيلة، مما يساعد على تحصين هوية المرأة المسلمة من تيارات العولمة والتغريب، و إدراج سير النماذج النسائية المسلمة في المقررات الدراسية؛ لتعزيز الاقتداء والتمثُّل بهنَّ لدى الطالبات في مراحل التعليم المختلفة، نشر الوعي بدور الرسالة الإسلامية الخالدة في تحرير المرأة، تعزيز أساليب التدريس القائمة على المسرح والتمثيل لتعزيز صورة المرأة المسلمة في أذهان الطالبات.

Abstract
The current study aimed to identify the social, political and economic contributions of Arab women in the early days of Islam and the educational applications of these contributions. justice. Because Sharia is comprehensive and integrated, and that the Muslim woman had an effective role in society, and participated in all areas of economic, political and social life, so she used her time to benefit her and her family. Kingdom 2030 AD to increas The ratio of volunteers to one million volunteers by facilitating volunteer work, and the Prophet’s era was the best time period, which was the golden era that showed the effectiveness and positivity of women. Inclusion of the biographies of Muslim women models in academic curricula; To enhance the emulation and emulation of them among students in the different stages of education, to spread awareness of the role of the eternal Islamic message in the liberation of women, to promote methods of teaching based on theater and representation to enhance the image of Muslim women in the minds of students.
Spatiotemporal Edges for Arbitrarily Moving Video Classification in Protected and Sensitive Scenes
Authors: Asadzadehkaljahi Maryam , Halder Arnab , Pal Umapada , Palaiahnakote Shivakumara 
Published: February 2023

Classification of arbitrary moving objects including vehicles and human beings in a real environment (such as protected and sensitive areas) is challenging due to arbitrary deformation and directions caused by shaky camera and wind. This work aims at adopting a spatiotemporal approach for classifying arbitrarily moving objects. The intuition to propose the approach is that the behavior of the arbitrary moving objects caused by wind and shaky camera is inconsistent and unstable, while, for static objects, the behavior is consistent and stable. The proposed method segments foreground objects from background using the frame difference between median frame and individual frame. This step outputs several different foreground information. The method finds static and dynamic edges by subtracting Canny of foreground information from the Canny edges of respective input frames. The ratio of the number of static and dynamic edges of each frame is considered as features. The features are normalized to avoid the problems of imbalanced feature size and irrelevant features. For classification, the work uses 10-fold cross-validation to choose the number of training and testing samples, and the random forest classifier is used for the final classification of frames with static objects and arbitrarily moving objects. For evaluating the proposed method, we construct our own dataset, which contains video of static and arbitrarily moving objects caused by shaky camera and wind. The results on the video dataset show that the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performance (76% classification rate) which is 14% better than the best existing method.

Received: 8 November 2022 | Revised: 30 December 2022 | Accepted: 17 January 2023

Conflicts of Interest
Palaiahnakote Shivakumara is the Editor-in-Chief and Umapada Pal is an Advisory Board Member for Artificial Intelligence and Applications, and were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.