bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instantaneous Clearing of Biofilm (iCBiofilm): an optical approach to revisit bacterial and fungal biofilm imaging
Authors: Sugimoto Shinya , Kinjo Yuki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhole-biofilm imaging at single-cell resolution is necessary for system-level analysis of cellular heterogeneity, identification of key matrix component functions and response to immune cells and antimicrobials. To this end, we developed a whole-biofilm clearing and imaging method, termed instantaneous clearing of biofilm (iCBiofilm). iCBiofilm is a simple, rapid, and efficient method involving the immersion of biofilm samples in a refractive index-matching medium, enabling instant whole-biofilm imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy. We also developed non-fixing iCBiofilm, enabling live and dynamic imaging of biofilm development and actions of antimicrobials. iCBiofilm is applicable for multicolor imaging of fluorescent proteins, immunostained matrix components, and fluorescence labeled cells in biofilms with a thickness of several hundred micrometers. iCBiofilm is scalable from bacterial to fungal biofilms and can be used to observe biofilm-neutrophil interactions. iCBiofilm therefore represents an important advance for examining the dynamics and functions of biofilms and revisiting bacterial and fungal biofilm formation.
Direct structure determination of vemurafenib polymorphism from compact spherulites using 3D electron diffraction
Authors: Li Shuting , Lightowler Molly , Ou Xiao , Huang Siyong , Jiang Yifan , Li Xizhen , Zou Xiaodong , Xu Hongyi , Lu Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe spherulitic morphology is considered to be the most common morphology of crystalline materials and is particularly apparent in melt-crystallized products. Yet, historically, the polycrystalline nature of spherulites has hindered successful crystal structure determination. Here, we report the direct structure determination of a clinical drug, vemurafenib (VMN), in compact spherulite form using 3D electron diffraction (3D ED). VMN has four known polymorphs. We first solved the crystal structures of α-, β-, and γ-VMN from compact spherulites using 3D ED, and the resulting structures were highly consistent with those obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. We then determined the crystal structure of δ-VMN—the least stable polymorph which cannot be cultivated as a single crystal—directly from the compact spherulite sample. We unexpectedly discovered a new polymorph during our studies, denoted as ε-VMN. Single crystals of ε-VMN are extremely thin and not suitable for study by X-ray diffraction. Again, we determined the structure of ε-VMN in a compact spherulite form. This successful structure elucidation of all five VMN polymorphs demonstrates the possibility of directly determining structures from melt-grown compact spherulite samples. Thereby, this discovery will improve the efficiency and broaden the scope of polymorphism research, especially within the field of melt crystallization.
A power-efficient integrated lithium niobate electro-optic comb generator
Authors: Zhang Ke , Sun Wenzhao , Chen Yikun , Feng Hanke , Zhang Yiwen , Chen Zhaoxi , Wang Cheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntegrated electro-optic (EO) frequency combs are essential components for future applications in optical communications, light detection and ranging, optical computation, sensing and spectroscopy. To date, broadband on-chip EO combs are typically generated in high-quality-factor micro-resonators, while the more straightforward and flexible non-resonant method, usually using single or cascaded EO phase modulators, often requires high driving power to realize a reasonably strong modulation index. Here, we show that the phase modulation efficiency of an integrated lithium niobate modulator could be enhanced by passing optical signals through the modulation electrodes for a total of 4 round trips, via multiple low-loss mode multiplexers and a waveguide crossing, reducing electrical power consumption by an experimentally measured factor of 15. Using devices fabricated from a wafer-scale stepper lithography process, we demonstrate a broadband optical frequency comb featuring 47 comb lines at a 25-GHz repetition rate, using a moderate radio frequency (RF) driving power of 28 dBm (0.63 W). Leveraging the tunability in repetition rate and operation wavelength, our power-efficient EO comb generator could serve as a compact low-cost solution for future high-speed data transmission, sensing and spectroscopy, as well as classical and quantum optical computation systems.
Continuous unconstrained PSO‐PTS strategy to maximize HPA energy efficiency for FBMC‐OQAM systems
Authors: Lu Yuan , Hu Feng , Jin LiBiao , Liu JianBo , Zhang Guoting 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn filter bank multi‐carrier (FBMC) with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) systems, the major limitation of FBMC‐OQAM signaling is the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR). High PAPR results in increased hardware complexity and is also prone to non‐linear effects of high‐power amplifiers (HPA). The existing HPA energy‐efficient optimization strategies are constrained severely by the scarcity and heterogeneity of signal distribution in the degree of freedom. This paper theorizes the optimal FBMC‐OQAM signal distribution, which has a global and steady feature and evaluates the maximal HPA efficiency‐suited multi‐carrier modulation (MCM) signal. This paper first proposes that the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization based Partial Transmit Sequence (BPSO‐PTS) with the Input‐Back Off Modulation Error Ratio (IBO‐MER) scheme traces the signal distribution for maximal HPA efficiency to save supply‐side energy. This paper further proposes Continuous‐Unconstrained Particle Swarm Optimization based PTS(CUPSO‐PTS) with IBO‐MER to obtain the theoretical boundaries and drastically accelerate convergence in the continuous‐unconstrained searching space. To decrease the computational complexity of MER calculation, this paper proposes the CUPSO with IBO Signal‐to‐Distortion Ratio (IBO‐SDR), enabling it to meet more practical applications. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional IBO and HPA efficiency schemes.
Feedback control strategy for state‐of‐charge balancing and power sharing between distributed battery energy storage units in DC microgrid
Authors: Ding Xiao , Wang Wen , Zhou Meina , Yue Yufei , Chen Qinze , Zhang Chaofeng , Tang Xin , Li Jianqi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDifferent line resistances between battery energy storage systems (BESSs) and the bus cause the problem of state‐of‐charge (SOC) unbalance between the batteries. SOC unbalance brings about battery over‐charge or over‐discharge, which reduces the battery life. This paper proposes an SOC feedback control strategy to achieve both output power sharing and SOC equalization between the BESSs. The average SOC of the batteries is set as the reference of each SOC control loop, and the control objectives are achieved by regulating the output voltage of the energy storage converters. The state space model of the proposed control method is established for stability analysis and control parameter design. The parameters are then designed in detail according to the dynamic and steady‐state performance. Simulation and experiment verified that the proposed control strategy can achieve accurate SOC equalization and output power sharing when the line resistances and the battery capacities are different.
Interaction between the turbulent solar wind and a planetary magnetosphere: A 2D comet example
Authors: Behar E. , Henri P. 
Published: January 2023

Context. Using the newly developed code Menura, we present the first global picture of the interaction between a turbulent solar wind and a planetary obstacle in our solar system, namely a comet.
Aims. This first publication sheds light on the macroscopic effect of the upstream solar wind turbulence on the induced magnetosphere of a comet.
Methods. Using a hybrid particle-in-cell simulation code, we modelled a medium activity comet using turbulent and laminar solar wind input, for a direct comparison between the two regimes.
Results. We show how the turbulent characteristics of the solar wind lead to a smaller obstacle size. We then present how the upstream turbulent structures, traced by the perpendicular magnetic field fluctuations absent in the laminar case, self-consistently drape and pile up around the denser inner coma, forming intense plasmoids downstream of the nucleus, pulling away dense cometary ion bubbles. This pseudo-periodic erosion phenomenon re-channels the global cometary ion escape; as a result, the innermost coma is found to be on average 45% less dense in the turbulent case than predicted by simulating a laminar upstream flow.
Characterising fast-time variations in the hard X-ray time profiles of solar flares using Solar Orbiter’s STIX
Authors: Collier Hannah , Hayes Laura A. , Battaglia Andrea F. , Harra Louise K. , Krucker Säm 
Published: January 2023

Aims. The aim of this work is to develop a method to systematically detect and characterise fast-time variations (≳1 s) in the non-thermal hard X-ray (HXR) time profiles of solar flares using high-resolution data from Solar Orbiter’s Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX).
Methods. The HXR time profiles were smoothed using Gaussian Process (GP) regression. The time profiles were then fitted with a linear combination of Gaussians to decompose the time profile. From the Gaussian decomposition, key characteristics such as the periodicity, full width at half maximum, time evolution, and amplitude can be derived.
Results. We present the outcome of applying this method to four M and X GOES-class flares from the first year of Solar Orbiter science operations. The HXR time profiles of these flares were decomposed into individual Gaussians and their periods were derived. The quality of fit is quantified by the standard deviation of the residuals (difference between observed and fitted curve, normalised by the error on the observed data), for which we obtain ≤1.8 for all flares presented. In this work, the first detection of fast-time variations with Solar Orbiter’s STIX instrument has been made on timescales across the range of 4−128 s.
Conclusions. A new method for identifying and characterising fast-time variations in the non-thermal HXR profiles of solar flares has been developed, in which the time profiles are fit with a linear combination of Gaussian bursts. The opportunity to study time variations in flares has greatly improved with the new observations from STIX on Solar Orbiter.
Comparative Pharmacokinetic Investigation on Multiple Active Aminoalcohol-Diterpenoid Alkaloids after Single Oral Administrations of Monomers and Aqueous Extract of Fuzi
(Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) by UFLC-MS/MS
Authors: Tang Ming-Hai , Peng Fu-Li , Liu Xiu-Xiu , Chao Ruo-Bing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo further study the aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids (ADAs) in Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), a simple and sensitive UFLC-MS/MS method was established and validated for the
determination of five ADAs, aconine, mesaconine, hypaconine, deoxyaconine and fuziline, in rat plasma to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of pure ADAs and Fuzi decoction. After
precipitating protein with methanol, plasma samples were isolated at 0.5 mL/min flow rate on Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm). The mobile phase was
composed of 0.1% formic acid-water and methanol with gradient elution. Mass spectrometric inspection was conducted on a 5500 UFLC-MS/MS system with an electrospray ionization source in
patterns of positive ion and multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM). All calibration curves were proved to have acceptable linearity (r2 > 0.99) in linear ranges. Intra-day and
inter-day precision and the accuracy met the requirements. The matrix effects of all analytes were between 85% and 115% of three concentration levels. This method has been under verification
for comparative pharmacokinetic research after oral administration between aqueous extract of Fuzi and single pure ADAs. The results demonstrated that there are evident pharmacokinetic
discrepancies between them, and administration in the extract form instead of pure form may contribute to higher absorption.
Regio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Triazolo [3,4-b]thiadiazin-6-ols and Triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazines
Authors: Halimehjani Azim Ziyaei , Mohammadlou Mahsa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn efficient, catalyst-free, regio- and diastereoselective approach for the synthesis of novel 7-aryl-3-alkyl(aryl)-6-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazin-6-ols has been developed via the reaction of 4-amino-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thiols with nitroepoxides in methanol at room temperature. The products were simply dehydrated in the presence of PTSA in ethanol at 70 °C to afford the corresponding 7-aryl-3-alkyl(aryl)-6-methyl-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines in 91–98% yields. In addition, treatment of the product with acidic chloroform afforded the corresponding α-((4-amino-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)-α-phenylpropan-2-one in quantitative yield.
Recent Developments of Palladium- and Rhodium-Catalyzed β-Carbon Elimination Strategies
Authors: Marchese Austin D. , Mirabi Bijan , Lautens Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe activation of C–C bonds via transition metal catalysis has become an increasingly popular strategy in organic synthesis. An emerging method to cleave C–C bonds is to facilitate a β-carbon elimination using rhodium or palladium catalysis. This elementary step typically relies on a thermodynamic driving force, such as the relief of ring strain or steric strain. More recently, the use of neopentyl metal species or chelation assistance has enabled this difficult transformation. This review will cover recent synthetic applications of β-carbon eliminations under palladium and rhodium catalysis.1	Introduction2	Chelation-Assisted β-Carbon Elimination Reactions3	β-Carbon Elimination from Neopentyl–Pd Species4	Pd-Catalyzed Catellani Reactions5	β-Carbon Elimination Reactions of Cyclopropanes6	Conclusion
Frailty is the New Age: A Retrospective Study of Modified Frailty Index for Preoperative Risk Assessment in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Chow Amanda L. , Karius Alexander K. , Broderick Kristen P. , Cooney Carisa M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Age is a poor predictor of postoperative outcomes in breast reconstruction necessitating new methods for risk-stratifying patients preoperatively. The 5-item modified frailty index (mFI-5) is a validated measure of frailty which assesses patients' global health. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mFI-5 and age as independent predictors of 30-day postoperative complications following autologous breast reconstruction.
Methods Patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction between 2005 and 2019 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Patients were stratified based on presence of major, minor, both minor and major, and no complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to determine the predictive power of mFI-5, age, and other preoperative risk factors for development of minor and major 30-day postoperative complications in all patients and stratified by flap type.
Results A total of 25,215 patients were included: 20,366 (80.8%) had no complications, 2,009 (8.0%) had minor complications, 1,531 (6.1%) had major complications, and 1,309 (5.2%) had both minor and major complications. Multivariate regression demonstrated age was not a predictor of minor (odds ratio [OR]: 1.0, p = 0.045), major (OR: 1.0, p = 0.367), or both minor and major (OR: 1.0, p = 0.908) postoperative complications. mFI-5 was a significant predictor of minor complications for mFI-5 scores 1 (OR: 1.3, p < 0.001), 2 (OR: 1.8, p < 0.001), and 3 (OR: 2.8, p = 0.043). For major complications, mFI-5 was a significant predictor for scores 1 (OR: 1.2, p = 0.011) and 2 (OR: 1.3, p = 0.03).
Conclusion Compared with age, mFI-5 scores were better predictors of 30-day postoperative complications following autologous breast reconstruction regardless of flap type. Additionally, higher mFI-5 scores were associated with increased odds of minor and major complications. Our findings indicate that reconstructive breast surgeons should consider using the mFI-5 in lieu of age to risk-stratify patients prior to autologous breast reconstruction surgery.
Pregnancy in a Patient with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Case Report
Authors: Horgan Rebecca , Kassem Zeinab , Too Gloria , Abuhamad Alfred , Warsof Steven 
Published: January 2023

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive restrictive lung disease. Data on the impact of pregnancy on IPF and maternal outcome is extremely limited. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 0 with familial IPF with no oxygen requirement prior to pregnancy. The patient demonstrated significant deterioration in her lung function beginning at 22 weeks' gestation and underwent hospitalization at 272/7 weeks gestation due to acute on chronic hypoxic respiratory failure, ultimately requiring delivery at 28 weeks' gestation. The patient has not regained her baseline pulmonary function and remains oxygen dependent at 5 months postpartum. Based on limited available data, significant maternal morbidity and mortality is reported for women with IPF who become pregnant.
Key Points
Reduction of motion axis by sensitivity calibration of sensor in shape measurement instrument using normal vector tracing
Authors: Miyawaki Takashi , Ikuchi Mikiya , Endo Katsuyoshi 
Published: January 2023

High-precision free-form surface mirrors are required for synchrotron radiation facilities in the scientific field and semiconductor lithography systems in the industrial field. Previously, we developed a nano-profiler with the goal of achieving a measurement accuracy of 30 nm. The nano-profiler scanned and measured the slope angle of the surface to be measured with laser light and calculated the shape from the angle information. By driving the optical head and surface to be measured with four rotation axes and one translation axis, the surface could be scanned while keeping the optical path length constant. Although the rotation axis was controlled by a high-precision rotary encoder, pitching and yawing errors occurred in the translation axis. In this study, we attempt to eliminate the error of pitching and yawing from the conventional measurement operation of four axes of rotation and one axis of translation to the drive of only four axes of rotation. If the translation drive is eliminated, the optical path length will not be constant, and the sensitivity of the light-receiving element will change. Therefore, we propose a new method to calibrate the sensitivity of the receiving element and perform a comparative measurement with the conventional measurement method. Comparing the measured shapes obtained by both measurement results, it was found that the shapes had a maximum peak to valley difference of 6.2 nm. Thus, the proposed novel measurement method allows a significant reduction in pitching and yawing errors.
Suppression of laser beam’s polarization and intensity fluctuation via a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with proper feedback
Authors: Hou Xiaokai , Liu Shuo , Wang Xin , Lu Feifei , He Jun , Wang Junmin 
Published: January 2023

Long ground-Rydberg coherence lifetime is interesting for implementing high-fidelity quantum logic gates, many-body physics, and other quantum information protocols. However, the potential well formed by a conventional far-off-resonance red-detuned optical-dipole trap that is attractive for ground-state cold atoms is usually repulsive for Rydberg atoms, which will result in the rapid loss of atoms and low repetition rate of the experimental sequence. Moreover, the coherence time will be sharply shortened due to the residual thermal motion of cold atoms. These issues can be addressed by a one-dimensional magic lattice trap, which can form a deeper potential trap than the traveling wave optical dipole trap when the output power is limited. In addition, these common techniques for atomic confinement generally have certain requirements for the polarization and intensity stability of the laser. Here, we demonstrated a method to suppress both the polarization drift and power fluctuation only based on the phase management of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer for a one-dimensional magic lattice trap. With the combination of three wave plates and the interferometer, we used the instrument to collect data in the time domain, analyzed the fluctuation of laser intensity, and calculated the noise power spectral density. We found that the total intensity fluctuation comprising laser power fluctuation and polarization drift was significantly suppressed, and the noise power spectral density after closed-loop locking with a typical bandwidth of 1–3000 Hz was significantly lower than that under the free running of the laser system. Typically, at 1000 Hz, the noise power spectral density after locking was about 10 dB lower than that under the free running of a master oscillator power amplifier system. The intensity–polarization control technique provides potential applications for atomic confinement protocols that demand fixed polarization and intensity.
Stable dingo population structure and purity over 11 years of lethal management
Authors: Stephens Danielle , Kennedy Malcolm S. , Kreplins Tracey L. 
Published: January 2023

Context Interaction between predators and humans is a key driver of human–wildlife conflicts, and can underpin management of predator populations. Management of the impacts of dingoes on livestock and native species is a prime example of a persistent and contentious predator management issue with potential impacts on the integrity of dingo populations. To manage the potential impacts of dingoes and their control, it is imperative to understand the effects of control approaches on their populations in the short and long term. Hybridisation of dingoes with domestic dogs also threatens the genetic integrity of pure dingoes. It has been hypothesised that lethal control of dingoes can facilitate hybridisation through disrupting pack social structures leading to increased dingo–domestic dog interactions. Aims We aimed to to investigate how dingo population structure and genetic purity have changed, assessing dingo purity, individual relatedness, population clustering and gene flow, particularly across land use types and barrier fences, in the context of ongoing lethal control within the Murchison Regional Vermin Cell area in Western Australia (WA). Methods We tested dingo genetic samples from three distinct sampling periods (2009, 2014 and 2020) for changes in population summary statistics and dingo ancestry. Barriers and corridors to gene flow were also examined. Key results We identified three genetically distinct populations in the study area, consistent with previous genetic studies in WA. We did not find any evidence of change in dingo purity or population characteristics; however, barrier fencing may be influencing recent gene flow. Conclusions The metapopulation of dingoes in the southern rangelands of WA appears to be stable over the 11 years assessed. Implications Because we were unable to demonstrate that lethal control has accelerated hybridisation between dingoes and domestic dogs in the study area over the last 11 years, we have no evidence that lethal control to reduce losses to livestock production and for conservation of native wildlife in the southern rangelands of WA is putting dingo purity at risk. Fencing appears to be an effective management tool because there is some evidence it is congruent with reduced gene flow in areas where the fences are well maintained.