bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spencer’sPrinciples of Psychologyand the Decline of Utilitarian Premises in British psychology
Authors: Bissell Gavin 
Published: January 2023

Despite the revival of interest in nineteenth century psychology and ethics in Britain during the 1980s, and the current debate around Utilitarian ethics in medicine (Buckle, 2005) and care (Offer, 2004), Utilitarian premises, understood as a psychological theory rather than as a moral philosophy, remain largely dormant in contemporary British Psychology. This is so despite their apparent survival in Behaviourism (Plaud & Vogeltanz, 1994).This article examines aspects of their decline within Victorian psychology, by focussing upon the relatively neglected psychological writings of Herbert Spencer. In doing so, it seeks to make a modest contribution to unravelling the complex changes in the nature of nineteenth-century psychology. In particular it is argued that, whilst some explanations of the decline of Utilitarian premises in the Victorian development of psychology focus upon the later part of the century and cultural or institutional factors, an examination of Spencer’s works at the mid-century supports the view that changes were under way earlier. Whilst several explanations might be offered for this, changes in economic organisation and in the experience of individual agency are highlighted.The relation between Utilitarian psychology and Utilitarian ethics will then be considered. Finally, at this stage it should be possible to comment upon the significance of the marginalization of Utilitarian premises within the development of Victorian psychology for the contemporary debate about health resource allocation.
“Every Meaning Will Have Its Homecoming Festival”: Providing New Possibilities for Meaning in Clients’ Dialogue
Authors: MacDonagh Joe 
Published: January 2023

This paper seeks to explore how depression may be theoretically addressed in a novel fashion. Primarily using Bakhtin’s dialogical perspective, it will explore how those with depression can create new meanings in seeking to move away from depressive thoughts and behaviour – meanings in which they are not tied to utterances, words and phrases of a particular time, person and place and in which old meanings can be “recalled and invigorated in renewed form (in a new context)” (Bakhtin, 1986)Bakhtin’s conception of dialogue as both polyphonic and heteroglossic will also be linked to Heidegger’s concept of Dasein: the manner in which the utterance can be infused with meaning from the individual’s past (“thrownness”; Heidegger, 1927), present (“fallenness”) and future (“projection”) as the person is making an utterance. Thus a therapist can be the means by which a person can re-negotiate new constructions of their experience of the past, present and future that are not solely tied to their previous experience.The person can thus be afforded a means by which they can re-infuse past, present and future utterances with new meanings, ones that allow them to move away from maladaptive constructions that may have limited their dialogue with others. This involves understanding how meaning, in a Bakhtinian sense, is constructed momentarily, contextually and with different temporal elements, all of which will be discussed and exemplified in this paper.
A Short Reflection on Intimacy and Autonomy
Authors: Curk Polona 
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes thatautonomyandintimacyare understood as processes linked and co-created through one another. Stressing the socio-historical embeddedness of both notions, recent perspectives from feminist philosophy and psychoanalysis insist that autonomy is thought of within the concept of the self as relational; that is, entrenched in close relationships with others, lest a seemingly irreconcilable split is created between autonomy and intimacy as related to desire.Paying attention to the conditions of intimate relations and desire for the other, this paper looks at how autonomy is in actuality always entangled with intimacy, which influences a person’s identificatory and subjective states. Intimacy is discussed as a process of encounters with the other that begins with initial fantasy, and moves towards a continuous mutual negotiation of shared reality with the intimate partner. The importance of the feeling of ‘entitlement’ for both subjects in intimate relationship is highlighted.The suggested model is informed by relational psychoanalysis and Judith Butler’s theory of subjectivity and uses psychoanalytic case studies and film storylines, adopting assumptions of a fantasising subject created and continuously formed through a medley of discourses as well as in excess of them. Intimacy is shown as a complex play of fantasy and reality, where the other is at the same time a support and fracture of one’s fantasy. Some ways of how this could be used to think about autonomy are proposed.
J.J.Waterston 1843: A neglected pioneer in physiological psychology – with some comments on recognition in science
Authors: Salzen Eric 
Published: January 2023

Waterston’s 1843 book is a pioneering text on physiological psychology. It attempts a nerve fibre connectionist account of association with electrical activity passing through the equivalent of ‘nerve nets’. It describes a spatial co-ordination system of visual, tactile and muscle nerve fibres with cerebral endings spatially arranged so as to map their peripheral body endings, and it postulates re-afferent paths and muscle length detectors. It describes hearing and voice as another coordinated nerve fibre system, and discusses the nature of loudness, pitch, musical scale, and timbre, with composite auditory fibre activity for pitch detection possibly involving the cochlea. It analyses emotional expressions as facial, vocal and whole body actions, with internal and external re-afference of all three for sympathetic recognition of expressions of others. Finally it considers mental calculation and reviews phrenology’s ‘mental faculties’ as compound associations of lower level associations.The book ends with two notes – one on a kinetic theory of gases and the other on the nature of heat and temperature. Unlike the psychology, these were truly fundamental to physics and chemistry but when expanded and submitted to the Royal Society in 1845 the paper was deemed ‘nonsense’ and rejected. Fifteen years later others, including Clerk-Maxwell, developed the same kinetic theory. The history of J.J. Waterston illustrates some of the factors that are involved in the acceptance of scientific ideas.
In Praise of the One Percent
Authors: Wetherick N.E. 
Published: January 2023

From the earliest times, mankind has wondered at the gulf between members of its own (human) species and members of lower animal species. This has, in the past, been attributed to the human possession of an immaterial soul/mind, responsible for all our specifically human characteristics (including language), which could only be the gift of a supernatural agent, denied to all lower species. In the last two hundred years we have become less and less willing to resort to the supernatural and more and more aware of the degree of physical similarity between us and them.Knowing, as we do, how much human beings are capable of that lower animals are not (mathematics, science, the arts) and believing, as many of us now do, that the difference must be attributed to one percent of our genetic endowment, the question ought to have been asked how such a small difference could have such extraordinarily large effects. The question has not been asked, though almost everyone assumes that there is and must be an answer in wholly material terms – without any resort to the supernatural.This paper addresses the question and proposes an answer to it.
Humboldt’s Parrot and the Re-voicing of a Dead Language: A Metaphor for Family Histories of Depression
Authors: MacDonagh Joe 
Published: January 2023

The 18th century explorer Alexander von Humboldt discovered the remnants of a dead language in a parrot he found in the South American rain forest. The Ature people had originated from the lands around the Orinoco river in Venezuela, but disappeared when the tribe was murdered by the rival group of Carib Indians in the last years of the 18th century. Von Humboldt discovered that the pet parrot of these dead people had survived with their language, albeit in a limited form, and he set about transcribing the language phonetically. Schützenberger tells a similar story of a parrot that retained the voice of a long dead family patriarch in France, who still had power over his family through his now disembodied voice being parroted by an old family pet. This paper will explore how depression can be perpetuated or kept alive in the words, phrases and voices, literal or metaphorical, which exist in families. Material from fictional and biographical family accounts will be presented in examining how families might learn to re-voice the language they use for each other and the world, to move away from maladaptive ways of interacting with the world.“Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.”Anna Karenina(Tolstoy, 1878/2003)
Designing a Conceptual and Historical Issues in Psychology module through Active Learning
Authors: Hall Gareth , Ivaldi Antonia , Tod David 
Published: January 2023

In our experience, most colleagues understand the pedagogical value in teaching Conceptual and Historical Issues in Psychology (CHIP). However, few wish to be involved in teaching it, even in their sub-disciplines, because it is perceived as dry and dull, as well as void from everyday life. We present how we reinvigorated CHIP and its content within a new Psychology degree programme. We begin by outlining our experiences with CHIP and then describe several steps we took to redesign the module. Specifically, we outline how we utilised pedagogical literature that emphasises student-focussed Active Learning, and specifically Co-operative Learning, to inform our module redesign and delivery of content. We then outline how we engaged in a more considered approach to embedding employability strategies into our content, and then describe how we implement these approaches into a student-led module. Finally we summarise student feedback about the module and offer suggestions for embedding Active Learning into modules.‘to my boss who approached me one day and asked how I felt about the teaching the history of psychology’(dedication in Schultz & Schultz, 2011, p.2)
Critical moments of clients and coaches: A direct-comparison study
Authors: de Haan Erik , Bertie Colin , Day Andrew , Sills Charlotte 
Published: January 2023

‘I don’t understand. I just don’t understand. (…)I don’t understand it at all. I just don’t understand.’‘What’s wrong? What don’t you understand?’‘I’ve never heard such a strange story.’‘Why don’t you tell me about it?’Opening lines ofRashomon(1950), Akira Kurosawa.Purpose:In this study descriptions of critical moments of coaching as experienced by both executive coaches and their clients are analysed and compared, to find out more about what works in coaching conversations.Design/Methodology:This is a real-time direct-comparison study of coaches’ and clients’ critical-moment experiences with data collected straight after mutual coaching conversations. Eighty-six critical-moments descriptions were collected by independent researchers (not the authors) from measurements straight after independent coaching conversations (not with the authors). Exactly half of these descriptions were taken from clients and the other half from their coaches. They are analysed with reference to the full dataset of 352 critical-moment descriptions (102 by clients and 250 by executive coaches).Results:Both coaches and clients report new realisations and insights as most critical in their direct experience of coaching, and they are also in substantial agreement about the specific moments that were critical in the sessions and why. Hence we find no evidence for the so-called ‘Rashomon experience’ in executive coaching. Differences with earlier coach data which showed a completely different picture could be explained by drawing attention to the fact that those earlier data were biased towards moments of exceptional tension experienced by the coach, verging on ‘ruptures’ within the coaching relationship.Conclusions:This study has produced both a confirmation of earlier work when studying critical moments in executive coaching as well as a connection between the various diverging results hitherto found. The findings help us to understand better: (1) why clients’ and coaches’ descriptions in earlier studies were so different; and (2) how descriptions from clients and coaches coming out of coaching sessions can be extremely similar, as was the case here. The main conclusion is that coaches need to be prepared for quite different circumstances in ‘run-of-the-mill’ coaching and in the presence of exceptional tensions and ruptures.
Experiences of cognitive coaching: A qualitative study
Authors: Gyllensten Kristina , Palmer Stephen , Nilsson Eva-Karin , Regnér Agneta Meland , Frodi Ann 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:Cognitive coaching and cognitive behavioural coaching are approaches practiced by many coaching psychologists (Palmer & Whybrow, 2007). However, there is a lack of qualitative studies evaluating these approaches. The main objective of/with the present study was to investigate a number of participants’ experiences of cognitive coaching.Design:As the study aimed to explore individuals’ experiences of cognitive coaching, a qualitative design was used. In particular, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith & Osborn, 2003) was used to analyse the data.Methods:The study took place in Sweden and 10 individuals, who had participated in cognitive coaching in the workplace, were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data.Results:Four main themes emerged from the analysis, and one of these ‘new cognitive and emotional knowledge’ will be discussed in this article. This main theme had two sub-themes, ‘working with thoughts’ and ‘regulate emotions’.Conclusions:The study found that cognitive coaching helped participants to change unhelpful thinking and regulate difficult emotions, and these findings support the continuing development of cognitive/cognitive behavioural coaching.
Utilising evidence-based leadership theories in coaching for leadership development: Towards a comprehensive integrating conceptual framework
Authors: Elliott Ray 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:Examination of the coaching psychology literature shows that discussion about leadership coaching is disconnected from the scientific literature about leadership. Similarly, the latter has only recently begun to consider how leadership is developed. This lack of cross-engagement between two relevant evidence-based literatures is brought into sharp focus through leadership development coaching practice. This review from the perspective of external professional practice seeks to close the relevant knowledge gap through utilisation of a conceptual framework.Methods:Lane and Corrie (2009) proposed three criteria which needed to be satisfied for effective coachee formation through coaching. Elliott (2007a) developed a framework from client case studies and naturalistic participant-observer reflections on coaching practice for leadership development intentionally informed by a range of evidence-based leadership theories. This framework satisfies the criteria proposed by Lane and Corrie. It is here applied and extended to provide an evaluation of current limiting assumptions in both the evidence-based coaching psychology and scholarly leadership literatures.Results:The extended framework prompts systematic utilisation of salient knowledge domains, information inputs and processes for intentional coaching for leadership development. It demonstrates the necessary relevance of evidence-based leadership theories to coachee goal definition. It describes and contextualises coach-managed processes to establish, maintain and bound the coaching reflective space and demonstrates the relevance of other related literatures to inform coaching in organisations.Conclusions:The required parameters in coaching for leadership development proposed by Elliott (2005) are further refined by proposing a more comprehensive model for leadership coaching to guide responsible professional practice and future research.
‘The assessment needs to go hand-in-hand with the debriefing’: The importance of a structured coaching debriefing in understanding and applying a positive psychology strengths assessment
Authors: Roche Brenda , Hefferon Kate 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:Despite extensive empirical evidence supporting the use of strengths, minimal research has been conducted on the practical application of strengths tools. The objective of this study was to test the impact of a structured debriefing following completion of Realise2, an online strengths assessment, in relation to strengths application (Linley, Willars & Biswas-Diener, 2010).Design:The study utilised a qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were employed and thematic analysis was used to identify themes representing the participant’s experience (Braun & Clarke, 2006).Method:The 20 participants were a mixture of middle and senior managers from a global travel organisation. All participants completed the Realise2 strengths assessment and a structured debriefing with a qualified coach. Following the debriefing, each participant completed a semi-structured interview to determine how the debriefing impacted their understanding and utilisation of the assessment findings.Results:The results show that the debriefing was associated with engendering action, enhancing self-efficacy and stimulating psychological development.Conclusions:The study found that all 20 participants benefited from having a structured debriefing after completing a strengths assessment. The debriefing led to a greater understanding and utilisation of the strengths assessment. This pairing has practical implications for those involved in strengths-based coaching and development. In addition, limitations of the study are discussed and areas for future research suggested.
When middle managers are doing employee coaching
Authors: Spaten Ole Michael , Flensborg Winnie 
Published: January 2023

Objectives:Until now, rather limited empirical research has been conducted as regards managers who coach their employees (Crabb, 2011). The aim of this research was to investigate the managers’ challenging and successful experience when coaching their employees and how these coaching sessions were assessed by their employees.Design:The overall study investigated 15 middle managers – from a major Danish nationwide company who were trained to coach by two coaching psychologists through theoretical presentations, individual coaching and peer coaching sessions with direct supervision (learning-by-doing: Spaten, 2011b) – when they were coaching their 75 employees through an online survey and semi-structured interviews.Methods:Four middle managers and employees were interviewed after the intervention. Thematic analysis was chosen and elicited three main themes: (1) coaching skills; (2) professional and personal development; and (3) the coaching relationship and power relation.Results:The study found that the manager as coach should be highly sensitive and empathetic in building the coaching relationship, should be aware of the power relation, and should draw clear boundaries between their role as leader and their role as coach. The middle managers’ coaching skills were assessed very positively by employees.
The development of diagnostic skills by management coaching
Authors: David Rees W. , Porter Christine 
Published: January 2023

In this paper the authors consider how psychological coaching can help those with managerial responsibility develop crucial managerial diagnostic skills. The paper refers to three organisational models that coaching psychologists could find helpful as they seek to help managers accurately diagnose the causes of organisational problems. These organisational models can be labelled as follows: (1) Systems approach; (2) Unitary and Pluralist Perspectives; and (3) Role Behaviours versus Personality Behaviours.The paper also explains how lack of effective diagnosis can lead those with managerial responsibilities to get involved in a range of activities better left to others. Given that organisations operate as systems (Millett, 1998) faulty diagnosis can arise because of a lack of understanding that problems which emerge in one function of an organisation may be caused by actions in other parts of an organisation. Managers need to anticipate the ‘knock-on’ effect that their decisions can have on other areas of organisational activity. Further causes of defective diagnosis explored include a failure of managers to distinguish between role and personality behaviour and the adoption by managers of a unitary as opposed to a pluralist frame of reference, leading to an inability to recognise conflicts of interest and deal with these in a constructive way. Practical advice is given on the development by coaching psychologists of managers’ diagnostic skills related to these models with reference to case studies.
Mortality awareness in the context of positive psychology coaching: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of client experience
Authors: Lorna Mills , Tim Lomas 
Published: January 2023

The combination of positive psychology (PP), specifically second wave (SWPP), with coaching and mortality awareness (MA), has not previously been researched. This limits our understanding of coaching within the context of more emotionally challenging, or emotionally mixed, experiences; this study addresses this gap.Objectives:The purpose of the research was to explore client experience of SWPP coaching when MA was introduced into the session.Design:A qualitative exploration of participant experience was undertaken, and data processed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).Method:Four women from the UK were selected as participants. A creative coaching session was undertaken in the Ancient Egypt gallery of the World Museum, Liverpool, UK.Results:Four main themes arose: emotional diversity, common humanity, self-relationship and choice, and relationship quality and goals.Conclusion:The study provided insight into the emotionally diverse experience of participants, resulting in a greater understanding of the potential benefits of a SWPP and MA coaching experience.
The Color of Loyalty: Rumors and Race-Making in First World War America
Authors: Givens Cameron 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
During World War I, white Americans heard and retold numerous stories that the nation's racial minorities—above all African and Mexican Americans—would make easy, or even eager, targets of German subversion. Although these rumors have not been studied as vehicles for the reproduction of race, nor as specific tools for the defense of white supremacy, they both reflected and reinforced notions of racially contingent citizenship through their emphasis on differential capacities for loyalty. Minorities’ allegedly inferior attachment to the nation demonstrated their ineligibility for its full blessings, while whites’ privileges rested on claims of their unquestioned allegiance to the war effort. As such, disloyalty rumors provided a national security justification for new and ongoing attempts to secure racial hierarchy that included violence, organizing and arming white power groups, immobilizing racialized labor, and denouncing nascent civil rights movements as foreign-inspired. The wartime discourse of loyalty was not just exclusionary, however, as African and Mexican Americans both refuted and exploited the rumors as a means to demonstrate and demand an equal place within the national community.