bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollutant Emissions Reporting and Performance Considerations for Ammonia-Blended Fuels in Gas Turbines
Authors: Douglas Christopher M. , Martz Thomas D. , Steele Robert C. , Noble David R. , Emerson Benjamin L. , Lieuwen Timothy C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
To limit climate change and promote energy security, there is widespread interest toward transitioning existing fossil fueled combustion systems to sustainable, alternative fuels such as hydrogen (H2) and ammonia (NH3) without negatively impacting air quality. However, quantifying the emission rate of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) is a nuanced process when comparing pollutant emissions across different fuels, as discussed in our paper GT2022-80971 presented last year. That study indicated that the standardized approach for measuring combustion emissions in terms of dry, oxygen-referenced volumetric concentrations (i.e., dry ppmv at the reference O2 concentration (ppmvdr)) inflates reported pollutant emissions by up to 40% for hydrogen combustion relative to natural gas. In this paper, we extend our prior analysis of these so-called “indirect effects” on emissions values to ammonia (NH3) and cracked ammonia (i.e., molecular hydrogen and nitrogen, 3H2 per N2) fuel blends. The results reveal that ppmvdr-based pollutant reporting approaches have a less prominent influence on emissions interpretations for molecular ammonia–methane blends than for hydrogen–methane blends. Nonetheless, we still find that ppmvdr reporting induces up to a 10% relative increase in apparent emissions when comparing 100% NH3 and 100% methane (CH4) fuels at an equal mass-per-work emission rate. Cracking the ammonia is shown to increase this relative bias up to 21% in comparison to a methane system. Further analysis shows how drying, dilution, thermodynamic, and performance effects each influence the relationship between ppmvdr and mass-per-work emissions across the spectrum of fuels and fuel blends. Following discussion of these findings, we conclude that quantifying combustion emissions using ppmvdr is generally inappropriate for emissions comparisons and advise the combustion community to shift toward robust mass-per-energy metrics when quantifying pollutant emissions.
CWHM-974 is a fluphenazine derivative with improved antifungal activity against
Candida albicans
due to reduced susceptibility to multidrug transporter-mediated resistance mechanisms
Authors: Miron-Ocampo Aracely , Beattie Sarah R. , Guin Soumitra , Conway Thomas , Meyers Marvin J. , Moye-Rowley W. Scott , Krysan Damian J. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters such as ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) and Major Facilitator Superfamily proteins are important mediators of antifungal drug resistance, particularly with respect to azole class drugs. Consequently, identifying molecules that are not susceptible to this mechanism of resistance is an important goal for new antifungal drug discovery. As part of a project to optimize the antifungal activity of clinically used phenothiazines, we synthesized a fluphenazine derivative (CWHM-974) with 8-fold higher activity against
Candida
spp. compared to the fluphenazine and with activity against
Candida
spp. with reduced fluconazole susceptibility due to increased MDR transporters. Here, we show that the improved
C. albicans
activity is because fluphenazine induces its own resistance by triggering expression of
Candida
drug resistance (CDR) transporters while CWHM-974 induces expression but does not appear to be a substrate for the transporters or is insensitive to their effects through other mechanisms. We also found that fluphenazine and CWHM-974 are antagonistic with fluconazole in
C. albicans
but not in
C. glabrata
, despite inducing
CDR1
expression to high levels. Overall, CWHM-974 is one of the few examples of a molecule in which relatively small structural modifications significantly reduced susceptibility to multidrug transporter-mediated resistance.
Development of the TrAnsparent ReportinG of observational studies Emulating a Target trial (TARGET) guideline
Authors: Hansford Harrison J , Cashin Aidan G , Jones Matthew D , Swanson Sonja A , Islam Nazrul , Dahabreh Issa J , Dickerman Barbra A , Egger Matthias , Garcia-Albeniz Xavier , Golub Robert M , Lodi Sara , Moreno-Betancur Margarita , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Sterne Jonathan , Sharp Melissa K , Stuart Elizabeth A , Hernan Miguel A , Lee Hopin , McAuley James H 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundObservational studies are increasingly used to inform health decision-making when randomised trials are not feasible, ethical or timely. The target trial approach provides a framework to help minimise common biases in observational studies that aim to estimate the causal effect of interventions. Incomplete reporting of studies using the target trial framework limits the ability for clinicians, researchers, patients and other decision-makers to appraise, synthesise and interpret findings to inform clinical and public health practice and policy. This paper describes the methods that we will use to develop the TrAnsparent ReportinG of observational studies Emulating a Target trial (TARGET) reporting guideline.Methods/designThe TARGET reporting guideline will be developed in five stages following recommended guidance. The first stage will identify target trial reporting practices by systematically reviewing published studies that explicitly emulated a target trial. The second stage will identify and refine items to be considered for inclusion in the TARGET guideline by consulting content experts using sequential online surveys. The third stage will prioritise and consolidate key items to be included in the TARGET guideline at an in-person consensus meeting of TARGET investigators. The fourth stage will produce and pilot-test both the TARGET guideline and explanation and elaboration document with relevant stakeholders. The fifth stage will disseminate the TARGET guideline and resources via journals, conferences and courses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the survey has been attained (HC220536). The TARGET guideline will be disseminated widely in partnership with stakeholders to maximise adoption and improve reporting of these studies.
Quantum authentication method based on key-controlled maximally mixed quantum state encryption
Authors: Lim Na-Hee , Choi Ji-Woong , Kang Min-Sung , Yang Hyung-Jin , Han Sang-Wook 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantum authentication is a fundamental first step that ensures secure quantum communication. Although various quantum authentication methods have been proposed recently, their implementation efficiency is limited. This paper proposes a key-controlled maximally mixed quantum state encryption (MMQSE) method using only a single qubit, unitary operation, minimized quantum transmissions, and a single qubit measurement, which improves implementation feasibility and operation efficiency. We applied it to representative quantum authentication applications, namely, quantum identity and message authentication. The security of our authentication schemes was verified by analyzing the relationship between the integral ratio of Uhlmann’s fidelity and probability of successful eavesdropping. Moreover, we demonstrate the higher authentication efficiency of the proposed scheme in a real quantum-channel noise environment. The upper bound of the valid noise rate was quantified using the integral ratio of Uhlmann’s fidelity in a noise environment. Finally, the optimal number of authentication sequences was estimated.
INVESTIGATION OF CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF AISI 304 AND AISI 316L STAINLESS STEELS COATED WITH FeAL AND NiAL INTERMETALLICS USING ELECTRO-SPARK DEPOSITION METHOD
Authors: BAYSAN EROL , KAYALI YUSUF 
Published: September 2023

Due to their superior corrosion resistance at high temperatures, stainless steels have a wide range of applications in numerous industries (including chemistry, the petrochemical industry, the paper industry, and nuclear engineering), it is also utilized in the medical industry as an implant material. To enhance the outstanding qualities of stainless steel such as high temperature corrosion, surface coating methods are also used. Boronizing, nitriding, thermal spray coating, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and electro-spark deposition procedures are used to apply these coating processes to steel surfaces. The electro-spark deposition (ESD) coating technology is one of the most promising approaches in this area. Using high-frequency and high-current electric pulses, the ESD micro-welding procedure bonds electrode material to the surface of a metallic substrate. In this study, AISI 304 and AISI 316L stainless steels were coated with FeAl and NiAl intermetallics using the ESD method. First, suitable experimental parameters for ESD coating were established. Second, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the microstructures and phases that formed on the coated surfaces. Then, the surface hardness of the resulting layers was determined. Finally, the corrosion properties of intermetallic-coated stainless steels were determined using electrochemical methods and compared with each other. As a result, both the hardness values and corrosion resistances of both stainless steel sheets have increased with intermetallic coatings.
CHIP-KNNv2: A

C

onfigurable and

Hi

gh-

P

erformance

K

-

N

earest

N

eighbors Accelerator on HBM-based FPGAs
Authors: Liu Kenneth , Lu Alec , Samtani Kartik , Fang Zhenman , Guo Licheng 
Published: September 2023

The k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm is an essential algorithm in many applications, such as similarity search, image classification, and database query. With the rapid growth in the dataset size and the feature dimension of each data point, processing KNN becomes more compute and memory hungry. Most prior studies focus on accelerating the computation of KNN using the abundant parallel resource on FPGAs. However, they often overlook the memory access optimizations on FPGA platforms and only achieve a marginal speedup over a multi-thread CPU implementation for large datasets.In this article, we design and implement CHIP-KNN: an HLS-based, configurable, and high-performance KNN accelerator. CHIP-KNN optimizes the off-chip memory access on modern HBM-based FPGAs such as the AMD/Xilinx Alveo U280 FPGA board. CHIP-KNN is configurable for all essential parameters used in the algorithm, including the size of the search dataset, the feature dimension and data type representation of each data point, the distance metric, and the number of nearest neighbors - K. In terms of design architecture, we explore and discuss the tradeoffs between two design versions: CHIP-KNNv1 (Ping-Pong buffer based) and CHIP-KNNv2 (streaming-based). Moreover, we investigate the routing congestion issue in our accelerator design, implement hierarchical structures to shorten critical paths, and integrate an open-source floorplanning optimization tool called TAPA/AutoBridge to eliminate the place-and-route issues. To explore the design space and balance the computation and memory access performance, we also build an analytical performance model. Given a user configuration of the KNN parameters, our tool can automatically generate TAPA HLS C code for the optimal accelerator design and the corresponding host code, on the HBM-based FPGA platform.Our experimental results on the Alveo U280 show that, compared to a 48-thread CPU implementation, CHIP-KNNv2 achieves a geomean performance speedup of 15×, with a maximum speedup of 45×. Additionally, we show that CHIP-KNNv2 achieves up to 2.1× performance speedup over CHIP-KNNv1 while increasing configurability. Compared with the state-of-the-art Facebook AI Similarity Search (FAISS) [23] GPU implementation running on a Nvidia Tesla V100 GPU, CHIP-KNNv2 achieves an average latency reduction of 30.6× while requiring 34.3% of GPU power consumption.
Osteosarcoma PDX-Derived Cell Line Models for Preclinical Drug Evaluation Demonstrate Metastasis Inhibition by Dinaciclib through a Genome-Targeted Approach
Authors: Schott Courtney R. , Koehne Amanda L. , Sayles Leanne C. , Young Elizabeth P. , Luck Cuyler , Yu Katherine , Lee Alex G. , Breese Marcus R. , Leung Stanley G. , Xu Hang , Shah Avanthi Tayi , Liu Heng-Yi , Spillinger Aviv , Behroozfard Inge H. , Marini Kieren D. , Dinh Phuong T. , Pons Ventura María V. , Vanderboon Emma N. , Hazard Florette K. , Cho Soo-Jin , Avedian Raffi S. , Mohler David G. , Zimel Melissa , Wustrack Rosanna , Curtis Christina , Sirota Marina , Sweet-Cordero E. Alejandro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Models to study metastatic disease in rare cancers are needed to advance preclinical therapeutics and to gain insight into disease biology. Osteosarcoma is a rare cancer with a complex genomic landscape in which outcomes for patients with metastatic disease are poor. As osteosarcoma genomes are highly heterogeneous, multiple models are needed to fully elucidate key aspects of disease biology and to recapitulate clinically relevant phenotypes.

Experimental Design:
Matched patient samples, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and PDX-derived cell lines were comprehensively evaluated using whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing. The in vivo metastatic phenotype of the PDX-derived cell lines was characterized in both an intravenous and an orthotopic murine model. As a proof-of-concept study, we tested the preclinical effectiveness of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor on the growth of metastatic tumors in an orthotopic amputation model.

Results:
PDXs and PDX-derived cell lines largely maintained the expression profiles of the patient from which they were derived despite the emergence of whole-genome duplication in a subset of cell lines. The cell lines were heterogeneous in their metastatic capacity, and heterogeneous tissue tropism was observed in both intravenous and orthotopic models. Single-agent dinaciclib was effective at dramatically reducing the metastatic burden.

Conclusions:
The variation in metastasis predilection sites between osteosarcoma PDX-derived cell lines demonstrates their ability to recapitulate the spectrum of the disease observed in patients. We describe here a panel of new osteosarcoma PDX-derived cell lines that we believe will be of wide use to the osteosarcoma research community.
Circulating Tumor DNA Monitoring on Chemo-immunotherapy for Risk Stratification in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Pellini Bruna , Madison Russell W. , Childress Merrida A. , Miller Shoshana T. , Gjoerup Ole , Cheng Jason , Huang Richard S.P. , Krainock Michael , Gupta Pratyush , Zou Wei , Shames David S. , Moshkevich Solomon , Ballinger Marcus , Liu Minetta C. , Young Amanda , Srivastava Minu K. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Socinski Mark A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Chemoimmunotherapy (chemoIO) is a prevalent first-line treatment for advanced driver-negative non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with maintenance therapy given after induction. However, there is significant clinical variability in the duration, dosing, and timing of maintenance therapy after induction chemoIO. We used circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) monitoring to inform outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving chemoIO.

Experimental Design:
This retrospective study included 221 patients from a phase III trial of atezolizumab+carboplatin+nab-paclitaxel versus carboplatin+nab-paclitaxel in squamous NSCLC (IMpower131). ctDNA monitoring used the FoundationOne Tracker involving comprehensive genomic profiling of pretreatment tumor tissue, variant selection using an algorithm to exclude nontumor variants, and multiplex PCR of up to 16 variants to detect and quantify ctDNA.

Results:
ctDNA was detected (ctDNA+) in 96% of pretreatment samples (median, 93 mean tumor molecules/mL), and similar ctDNA dynamics were noted across treatment arms during chemoIO. ctDNA decrease from baseline to C4D1 was associated with improved outcomes across multiple cutoffs for patients treated with chemoIO. When including patients with missing plasma or ctDNA- at baseline, patients with ctDNA- at C4D1 (clearance), had more favorable progression-free survival (median 8.8 vs. 3.5 months; HR, 0.32;0.20–0.52) and OS (median not reached vs. 8.9 months; HR, 0.22; 0.12–0.39) from C4D1 than ctDNA+ patients.

Conclusions:
ctDNA monitoring during induction chemoIO can inform treatment outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC. Importantly, monitoring remains feasible and informative for patients missing baseline ctDNA. ctDNA testing during induction chemoIO identifies patients at higher risk for disease progression and may inform patient selection for novel personalized maintenance or second-line treatment strategies.
Anticancer Efficacy of KRASG12C Inhibitors Is Potentiated by PAK4 Inhibitor KPT9274 in Preclinical Models of KRASG12C-Mutant Pancreatic and Lung Cancers
Authors: Khan Husain Yar , Nagasaka Misako , Aboukameel Amro , Alkhalili Osama , Uddin Md. Hafiz , Bannoura Sahar F. , Mzannar Yousef , Azar Ibrahim , Beal Eliza W. , Tobon Miguel E. , Kim Steve H. , Beydoun Rafic , Baloglu Erkan , Senapedis William , El-Rayes Bassel F. , Philip Philip A. , Mohammad Ramzi M. , Shields Anthony F. , Al Hallak Mohammed Najeeb , Azmi Asfar S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
KRASG12C inhibitors, such as sotorasib and adagrasib, have revolutionized cancer treatment for patients with KRASG12C-mutant tumors. However, patients receiving these agents as monotherapy often develop drug resistance. To address this issue, we evaluated the combination of the PAK4 inhibitor KPT9274 and KRASG12C inhibitors in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PAK4 is a hub molecule that links several major signaling pathways and is known for its tumorigenic role in mutant Ras–driven cancers. We found that cancer cells resistant to KRASG12C inhibitor were sensitive to KPT9274-induced growth inhibition. Furthermore, KPT9274 synergized with sotorasib and adagrasib to inhibit the growth of KRASG12C-mutant cancer cells and reduce their clonogenic potential. Mechanistically, this combination suppressed cell growth signaling and downregulated cell-cycle markers. In a PDAC cell line–derived xenograft (CDX) model, the combination of a suboptimal dose of KPT9274 with sotorasib significantly reduced the tumor burden (P= 0.002). Similarly, potent antitumor efficacy was observed in an NSCLC CDX model, in which KPT9274, given as maintenance therapy, prevented tumor relapse following the discontinuation of sotorasib treatment (P= 0.0001). Moreover, the combination of KPT9274 and sotorasib enhances survival. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that KRASG12C inhibitors can synergize with the PAK4 inhibitor KPT9274 and combining KRASG12C inhibitors with KPT9274 can lead to remarkably enhanced antitumor activity and survival benefits, providing a novel combination therapy for patients with cancer who do not respond or develop resistance to KRASG12C inhibitor treatment.
Test-retest reliability of the human connectome: An OPM-MEG study
Authors: Rier Lukas , Michelmann Sebastian , Ritz Harrison , Shah Vishal , Hill Ryan M. , Osborne James , Doyle Cody , Holmes Niall , Bowtell Richard , Brookes Matthew J. , Norman Kenneth A. , Hasson Uri , Cohen Jonathan D. , Boto Elena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMagnetoencephalography with optically pumped magnetometers (OPM-MEG) offers a new way to record electrophysiological brain function, with significant advantages over conventional MEG, including adaptability to head shape/size, free movement during scanning, increased signal amplitude, and no reliance on cryogenics. However, OPM-MEG remains in its infancy, with significant questions to be answered regarding the optimal system design. Here, we present an open-source dataset acquired using a newly constructed OPM-MEG system with a triaxial sensor design, 168 channels, OPM-optimised magnetic shielding, and active background field control. We measure the test-retest reliability of the human connectome, which was computed using amplitude envelope correlation to measure whole-brain (parcellated) functional connectivity, in 10 individuals while they watch a 600 s move clip. Our results show high repeatability between experimental runs at the group level, with a correlation coefficient of 0.81 in the θ, 0.93 in α, and 0.94 in β frequency ranges. At the individual subject level, we found marked differences between individuals, but high within-subject robustness (correlations of 0.56 ± 0.25, 0.72 ± 0.15, and 0.78 ± 0.13 in α, θ, and β respectively). These results compare well to previous findings using conventional MEG and show that OPM-MEG is a viable way to robustly characterise connectivity.
Mixing Processes at the Southwestern Entrance to the Japan/East Sea
Authors: Wijesekera Hemantha W. , Luecke Conrad A. , Wang David W. , Jarosz Ewa , DeRada Sergio , Teague William J. , Chang Kyung-Il , Lee Jae Hak , Min Hong-Sik , Nam SungHyun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Small-scale processes at the southwestern boundary of the Ulleung Basin (UB) in the Japan/East Sea (JES) were examined using combined ship-based and moored observations along with model output. Model results show baroclinic semidiurnal tides are generated at the shelf break and corresponding slope connecting the Korea/Tsushima Strait with the UB and propagate into the UB with large barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion over the slope. Observations show high-frequency internal wave packets and indicate strong velocity shear and energetic turbulence associated with baroclinic tides in the stratified bottom layer. Solitary-like waves with frequencies from 0.2N to 0.5N (buoyancy frequency N) were found at the edge of the shelf break with supercritical flow. For subcritical flow, a hydraulic jump formed over the shelf break with weakly dispersive internal lee waves with frequencies varying from 0.5N to N. These high-frequency lee waves were trapped in the stratified bottom layer, with wave stress similar to the turbulent stress near the bottom. The power loss due to turbulent bottom drag can be an important factor for energy loss associated with the hydraulic jump. Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates of ∼10−4 W kg−1 were found. Large downward heat and salt fluxes below the high-salinity core mix warm/salty Tsushima Current Water with cold/low-salinity JES Intermediate Water. Mixing over the shelf break could be very important to the JES circulation since the calculated diapycnal upwelling (1–6 m day−1) at the shelf break and slope is substantially greater than the basin-averaged estimate from chemical tracers and modeling studies.

Significant Statement
The Japan/East Sea (JES) is a marginal sea, enclosed by Japan, Korea, and Russia. This study describes mixing processes over the shelf break connecting the northern Korea/Tsushima Strait (KTS) with the southern Ulleung Basin (UB), where the warm, high-salinity Kuroshio water carried by the Tsushima Current interacts with southward-flowing subsurface water masses in the JES. Our analysis suggests that the shelf break and slope between the KTS and the UB are vital areas for water-mass exchange in the southern JES. The enhanced mixing at the shelf break may impact water masses and circulation over the entire JES.