bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational role and COVID-19 among foreign-born healthcare workers in Sweden: a registry-based study
Authors: Nwaru Chioma , Li Huiqi , Bonander Carl , Santosa Ailiana , Franzén Stefan , Rosvall Maria , Nyberg Fredrik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany studies report that foreign-born healthcare workers (HCWs) in high-income countries have an elevated risk of COVID-19. However, research has not yet specifically evaluated the distribution of COVID-19 among foreign-born workers in different healthcare work groups. We examined the risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among foreign-born HCWs in different occupational roles in Sweden.MethodsWe linked occupational data (2019) of 783 950 employed foreign-born workers (20–65 years) to COVID-19 data registered between 1 January 2020 and 30 September 2021. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization in eight healthcare occupational groups vs. non-HCWs and assessed whether region of birth modified the association between healthcare occupations and COVID-19.ResultsAll HCWs had a higher risk of COVID-19 outcomes than non-HCWs, but the risk differed by occupational role. Hospital-based assistant nurses had the highest risk (infection: HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.72–1.85; hospitalization: HR 1.79; 95% CI 1.52–2.11); allied HCWs had the lowest risk (infection: HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.10–1.35; hospitalization: HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.59–1.63). The relative hazard of the outcomes varied across foreign-born workers from different regions. For example, the relative risk of COVID-19 infection associated with being a physician compared to a non-HCW was 31% higher for African-born than European-born workers.ConclusionsThe risk of COVID-19 among foreign-born HCWs differed by occupational role and immigrant background. Public health efforts that target occupational exposures as well as incorporate culturally responsive measures may help reduce COVID-19 risk among foreign-born HCWs.
A Genetically Heterogeneous Rat Model with Divergent Mitochondrial Genomes
Authors: Sathiaseelan Roshini , Ahn Bumsoo , Stout Michael B , Logan Sreemathi , Wanagat Jonathan , Nguyen Hoang Van M , Hord Norman G , Vandiver Amy R , Selvarani Ramasamy , Ranjit Rojina , Yarbrough Hannah , Masingale Anthony , Miller Benjamin F , Wolf Roman F , Austad Steven N , Richardson Arlan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We generated a genetically heterogenous rat model by a 4-way cross strategy using 4 inbred strains (Brown Norway [BN], Fischer 344 [F344], Lewis [LEW], and Wistar Kyoto [KY]) to provide investigators with a highly genetically diverse rat model from commercially available inbred rats. We made reciprocal crosses between males and females from the 2 F1 hybrids to generate genetically heterogeneous rats with mitochondrial genomes from either the BN (OKC-HETB, a.k.a “B” genotype) or WKY (OKC-HETW a.k.a “W” genotype) parental strains. These two mitochondrial genomes differ at 94 nucleotides, more akin to human mitochondrial genome diversity than that available in classical laboratory mouse strains. Body weights of the B and W genotypes were similar. However, mitochondrial genotype antagonistically affected grip strength and treadmill endurance in females only. In addition, mitochondrial genotype significantly affected multiple responses to a high-fat diet (HFD) and treatment with 17α-estradiol. Contrary to findings in mice in which males only are affected by 17α-estradiol supplementation, female rats fed a HFD beneficially responded to 17α-estradiol treatment as evidenced by declines in body mass, adiposity, and liver mass. Male rats, by contrast, differed in a mitochondrial genotype-specific manner, with only B males responding to 17α-estradiol treatment. Mitochondrial genotype and sex differences were also observed in features of brain-specific antioxidant response to a HFD and 17α-estradiol as shown by hippocampal levels of Sod2 acetylation, JNK, and FoxO3a. These results emphasize the importance of mitochondrial genotype in assessing responses to putative interventions in aging processes.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SNAC9 mutants reveal the positive regulation of tomato ripening by SNAC9 and the mechanism of carotenoid metabolism regulation
Authors: Feng Yuan , Kou Xiaohong , Yuan Shuai , Wu Caie , Zhao Xiaoyang , Xue Zhaohui , Li Qingxiu , Huang Zhengyu , Sun Yijie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNAC transcriptional regulators are crucial for tomato ripening. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of SNAC9 (SlNAC19, Gene ID: 101248665) affects tomato ripening, and SNAC9 is involved in ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolic pathways. However, the function of SNAC9 in pigment metabolism in tomatoes remains unclear. This work seeks to discover the mechanism of SNAC9 involvement in pigment metabolism during tomato ripening by establishing a SNAC9 knockout model using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The results indicated that fruit ripening was delayed in knockout (KO) mutants, and SNAC9 mutation significantly affected carotenoid metabolism. The chlorophyll (Chl) degradation rate, total carotenoid content, and lycopene content decreased significantly in the mutants. The transformation rate of chloroplasts to chromoplasts in mutants was slower, which was related to the carotenoid content. Furthermore, SNAC9 changed the expression of critical genes (PSY1, PDS, CRTISO, Z-ISO, SGR1, DXS2, LCYE, LCYB, and CrtR-b2) involved in pigment metabolism in tomato ripening. SNAC9 knockout also altered the expression levels of critical genes involved in the biosynthesis of ethylene and ABA. Accordingly, SNAC9 regulated carotenoid metabolism by directly regulating PSY1, DXS2, SGR1, and CrtR-b2. This research provides a foundation for developing the tomato ripening network and precise tomato ripening regulation.
Field investigation of high reported non-neonatal tetanus burden in Uganda, 2016–2017
Authors: Casey Rebecca Mary , Nguna Joyce , Opar Bernard , Ampaire Immaculate , Lubwama Joseph , Tanifum Patricia , Zhu Bao-Ping , Kisakye Annet , Kabwongera Eva , Tohme Rania A , Dahl Benjamin A , Ridpath Alison D , Scobie Heather M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Despite providing tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccine (TTCV) to infants and reproductive-age women, Uganda reports one of the highest incidences of non-neonatal tetanus (non-NT). Prompted by unusual epidemiologic trends among reported non-NT cases, we conducted a retrospective record review to see whether these data reflected true disease burden.

Methods
We analysed nationally reported non-NT cases during 2012–2017. We visited 26 facilities (14 hospitals, 12 health centres) reporting high numbers of non-NT cases (n = 20) or zero cases (n = 6). We identified non-NT cases in facility registers during 1 January 2016–30 June 2017; the identified case records were abstracted.

Results
During 2012–2017, a total of 24 518 non-NT cases were reported and 74% were ≥5 years old. The average annual incidence was 3.43 per 100 000 population based on inpatient admissions. Among 482 non-NT inpatient cases reported during 1 January 2016–30 June 2017 from hospitals visited, 342 (71%) were identified in facility registers, despite missing register data (21%). Males comprised 283 (83%) of identified cases and 60% were ≥15 years old. Of 145 cases with detailed records, 134 (92%) were clinically confirmed tetanus; among these, the case-fatality ratio (CFR) was 54%. Fourteen cases were identified at two hospitals reporting zero cases. Among &gt;4000 outpatient cases reported from health centres visited, only 3 cases were identified; the remainder were data errors.

Conclusions
A substantial number of non-NT cases and deaths occur in Uganda. The high CFR and high non-NT burden among men and older children indicate the need for TTCV booster doses across the life course to all individuals as well as improved coverage with the TTCV primary series. The observed data errors indicate the need for data quality improvement activities.
The Fundamental Fiber Sequence in Étale Homotopy Theory
Authors: Haine Peter J , Holzschuh Tim , Wolf Sebastian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Let $ k $ be a field with separable closure $ \bar {k} \supset k $, and let $ X $ be a qcqs $ k $-scheme. We use the theory of profinite Galois categories developed by Barwick–Glasman–Haine to provide a quick conceptual proof that the sequences $ \Pi _{&lt;\infty }^{\'{e}\textrm {t}}(X_{\bar {k}}) \to \Pi _{&lt;\infty }^{\'{e}\textrm {t}}(X) \to \text {BGal}(\bar {k}/k) $ and $ \widehat {\Pi }_{\infty }^{\'{e}\textrm {t}}(X_{\bar {k}}) \to \widehat {\Pi }_{\infty }^{\'{e}\textrm {t}}(X) \to \text {BGal}(\bar {k}/k) $ of protruncated and profinite étale homotopy types are fiber sequences. This gives a common conceptual reason for the following two phenomena: first, the higher étale homotopy groups of $ X $ and the geometric fiber $ X_{\bar {k}} $ are isomorphic, and second, if $ X_{\bar {k}} $ is connected, then the sequence of profinite étale fundamental groups $ 1 \to \hat {\pi }^{\'{e}\textrm {t}}_1(X_{\bar {k}}) \to \hat {\pi }^{\'{e}\textrm {t}}_1(X) \to \text {Gal}(\bar {k}/k) \to 1 $ is exact. It also proves the analogous results for the groupe fondamental élargi of SGA3.
LDH and the MELD-LDH in Severe Acute Liver Injury and Acute Liver Failure: Preliminary Confirmation of a Novel Prognostic Score for Risk Stratification
Authors: Price Jake R , Hagrass Hoda , Filip Ari B , McGill Mitchell R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating condition with high mortality. Currently, liver transplantation is the only life-saving treatment, but the decision to transplant is difficult due to the rapid progression of ALF and persistent shortage of donor organs. Biomarkers that predict death better than current prognostics could help. To our surprise, proteomics recently revealed that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is prognostic in ALF by itself and in a novel form of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score called the MELD-LDH. The purpose of this study was to confirm our proteomics results in a larger population.

Methods
We reviewed laboratory data from 238 patients admitted to the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Medical Center with a diagnosis of ALF and biochemical evidence of acute liver failure over a 12-year period, as well as subset of 170 patients with encephalopathy.

Results
LDH was strikingly elevated in the nonsurvivors at the time of peak injury. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed that LDH by itself could discriminate between survivors and nonsurvivors on the first day of hospitalization, although not as well as the MELD and MELD-LDH scores that performed alike. Importantly, however, LDH by itself performed similarly to the MELD at the time of peak injury and the MELD-LDH score moderately outperformed both. The MELD-LDH score also had greater sensitivity and negative predictive value than the MELD and the King’s College Criteria.

Conclusions
The results support our prior finding that LDH and the MELD-LDH score predict death and therefore transplant need in ALF patients.
Insights on the evolution and conservation of Appalachian burrowing crayfishes, with the description of a new species ofCambarusErichson, 1846 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Cambaridae)
Authors: Thoma Roger , Hurt Carla , Williams Carl , Withers David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA new species of crayfish, Cambarus nyxn. sp., is described from the Kentucky/Tennessee border in the Dissected Appalachian Plateau sub-ecoregion of the US. Of the recognized species of Cambarus Erichson, 1846, it is morphologically most similar to Cambarus deweesae Bouchard & Etnier, 1979, found primarily in the Southern Limestone/Dolomite Valleys and Low Rolling Hills sub-ecoregion. Cambarus nyxn. sp., is distinguishable from other recognized congeners, except for C. deweesae, by the strongly serrated lateral margin of the propodi of the chelae, closed areola, two rows of palmar tubercles, truncate rostrum with convergent margins, and Form I male (MI) gonopod having a central projection shorter than the mesial process. The new species differs from C. deweesae in coloration (blue vs. red, respectively) and size at maturity only. There is considerable genetic, morphometric, and color variation among populations herein considered as members of the new species. The species has a limited range and highlights once more the need for increased conservation efforts for North American crayfishes. Genetic analysis of C. nyxn. sp. sheds light on the evolutionary process occurring in the crayfishes of the Appalachian Mountains after the origin of Cambarus.
Building the Inter-American Convention against Racism: between Antiracist Pride and Racism Denial
Authors: Xavier Pinto Coelho Luana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article examines the main controversies throughout the negotiation of a regional binding instrument to fight racism that led to the approval of the ‘Inter-American Convention against Racism, Racial Discrimination, and Related Forms of Intolerance’ in 2013. In order to identify the regimes of racism denial that shaped the process, the article explores the major controversies in terms of language, concepts, and the need for a more targeted binding treaty on racism, focusing on the leading role of Brazil. The analysis considers the links between scales; from the regional debate to States’ national discourse and practices, within the context of global efforts to advance standards to fight racism, particularly those established at the third World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, in Durban. By reviewing country reports, drafts of the convention, and analysing interviews with some participants of the debates at the Organization of the American States (OAS), this study assesses how the different strategies deployed served to perpetuate regimes of denial of racism, strongly present in the official discourse and challenged in the building of a binding instrument to fight racism in the Americas. Analysis revealed the deep challenges associated with combating racism as a systemic form of oppression historically linked to the region’s colonial past and legacy of the transatlantic slave trade. Finally, consensus was only reached by moving away from the ‘Durban language’, showing how disputed concepts and remedies highlight that racism remains a politically sensitive issue in the region.
Recent trends of “manels”: gender representation among invited panelists at an international oncology conference
Authors: Kamran Sophia C , Yeap Beow Y , Ghosh Anushka , Aldrighetti Christopher M , Willers Henning , Vapiwala Neha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGender disparities in academic medicine are a long-acknowledged concern, particularly at medical conferences. We investigated gender representation and prevalence of “manels” (all-men panels) among invited speakers at the 2018-2021 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meetings.MethodsUsing American Society of Clinical Oncology online programs, 2018-2021 faculty information was obtained, including perceived or self-reported gender, medical specialty, session type, and topic. Primary outcomes were percentage of manels and proportion of women panelists over time; women representation among specialties and topics were evaluated. Cochran-Armitage and Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze trends in proportion of manels and women representation over time and to compare each session type, topic, or specialty with other categories combined, respectively.ResultsDuring 2018-2021, there were 670 sessions, 81 of which (12.1%) were manels. Among 2475 panelists, 1181 (47.7%) were women. Over time, the percentage of manels significantly decreased from 17.4% in 2018 to 9.9% in 2021 (P = .030). The highest proportion of manels was observed for leadership or special sessions (17.1%, P = .419). Women panelists were underrepresented for the topics of genitourinary cancers (38.6%, P = .029) and translational or preclinical sciences (36.7%, P &lt; .001). There was a positive trend toward improved women representation among translational or preclinical sciences (27.4% in 2018 vs 41.8% in 2021, P = .031) but not among genitourinary cancers (41.1% in 2018 vs 40.7% in 2021, P = .969).ConclusionsThe number of women panelists increased during the study period, with a corresponding decrease in the proportion of manels, specifically in education and leadership or special sessions. Ongoing underrepresentation of women in genitourinary cancers and translational or preclinical topics underscores the importance of annual meeting organizers continuing to strive for diverse gender representation.
Hedonic Appetite, Affect, and Loss of Control Eating: Macrotemporal and Microtemporal Associations in Adolescents
Authors: Bejarano Carolina M , Hesse Daryl R , Cushing Christopher C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
Loss of control eating (LOC) is a dysregulated eating behavior relevant to eating disorders and weight-related health concerns. Hedonic appetite and affect (positive/negative) are dynamic microtemporal processes that influence LOC, but they have been studied predominantly in a static, macrotemporal manner. The present study examined associations of hedonic appetite and positive/negative affect, on macrotemporal and microtemporal levels, with LOC in adolescents.

Methods
Adolescent participants 13–18 years old (n = 43; Mage = 15.1, SD  = 1.6; 69.8% female) completed smartphone surveys for 6 evenings, assessing LOC, hedonic appetite, and positive/negative affect. Scores on items were calculated to create microtemporal and macrotemporal assessments of these constructs. Multilevel models were run to examine associations between hedonic appetite and positive/negative affect with LOC.

Results
Both macrotemporal and microtemporal hedonic appetite were significantly positively related to LOC (β = .73, p &lt; .001; β = .47, p &lt; .001, respectively). Macrotemporal positive affect was significantly negatively associated with LOC (β = −.09, p &lt; .001). Macrotemporal negative affect was significantly positively associated with LOC (β = .13, p &lt; .001). No significant relationships emerged between microtemporal positive/negative affect and LOC.

Conclusions
Hedonic appetite appears to be associated with LOC on both microtemporal and macrotemporal levels, suggesting that both momentary fluctuations and having higher hedonic appetite than others can be risk factors for LOC. However, affect appears to be associated with LOC only at the macrotemporal level. Findings may inform theoretical work and clinical and research assessment strategies.
The impact ofTP53status of tumor cells including the type and the concentration of administered 10B delivery agents on compound biological effectiveness in boron neutron capture therapy
Authors: Masunaga Shin-ichiro , Sanada Yu , Takata Takushi , Tanaka Hiroki , Sakurai Yoshinori , Suzuki Minoru , Kirihata Mitsunori , Ono Koji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHuman head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells transfected with mutant TP53 (SAS/mp53) or neo vector (SAS/neo) were inoculated subcutaneously into left hind legs of nude mice. After the subcutaneous administration of a 10B-carrier, boronophenylalanine-10B (BPA) or sodium mercaptododecaborate-10B (BSH), at two separate concentrations, the 10B concentrations in tumors were measured using γ-ray spectrometry. The tumor-bearing mice received 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously to label all intratumor proliferating (P) tumor cells, then were administered with BPA or BSH. Subsequently, the tumors were irradiated with reactor neutron beams during the time of which 10B concentrations were kept at levels similar to each other. Following irradiation, cells from some tumors were isolated and incubated with a cytokinesis blocker. The responses of BrdU-unlabeled quiescent (Q) and total (= P + Q) tumor cells were assessed based on the frequencies of micronucleation using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. In both SAS/neo and SAS/mp53 tumors, the compound biological effectiveness (CBE) values were higher in Q cells and in the use of BPA than total cells and BSH, respectively. The higher the administered concentrations were, the smaller the CBE values became, with a clearer tendency in SAS/neo tumors and the use of BPA than in SAS/mp53 tumors and BSH, respectively. The values for BPA that delivers into solid tumors more dependently on uptake capacity of tumor cells than BSH became more alterable. Tumor micro-environmental heterogeneity might partially influence on the CBE value. The CBE value can be regarded as one of the indices showing the level of intratumor heterogeneity.
A nested error regression model with high-dimensional parameter for small area estimation
Authors: Lahiri Partha , Salvati Nicola 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a flexible nested error regression small area model with high-dimensional parameter that incorporates heterogeneity in regression coefficients and variance components. We develop a new robust small area-specific estimating equations method that allows appropriate pooling of a large number of areas in estimating small area-specific model parameters. We propose a parametric bootstrap and jackknife method to estimate not only the mean squared errors but also other commonly used uncertainty measures such as standard errors and coefficients of variation. We conduct both model-based and design-based simulation experiments and real-life data analysis to evaluate the proposed methodology.
Epigenetic and chromosomal features drive transposon insertion inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Cao Jichuan , Yu Tianxiong , Xu Bo , Hu Zhongren , Zhang Xiao-ou , Theurkauf William E , Weng Zhiping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTransposons are mobile genetic elements prevalent in the genomes of most species. The distribution of transposons within a genome reflects the actions of two opposing processes: initial insertion site selection, and selective pressure from the host. By analyzing whole-genome sequencing data from transposon-activated Drosophila melanogaster, we identified 43 316 de novo and 237 germline insertions from four long-terminal-repeat (LTR) transposons, one LINE transposon (I-element), and one DNA transposon (P-element). We found that all transposon types favored insertion into promoters de novo, but otherwise displayed distinct insertion patterns. De novo and germline P-element insertions preferred replication origins, often landing in a narrow region around transcription start sites and in regions of high chromatin accessibility. De novo LTR transposon insertions preferred regions with high H3K36me3, promoters and exons of active genes; within genes, LTR insertion frequency correlated with gene expression. De novo I-element insertion density increased with distance from the centromere. Germline I-element and LTR transposon insertions were depleted in promoters and exons, suggesting strong selective pressure to remove transposons from functional elements. Transposon movement is associated with genome evolution and disease; therefore, our results can improve our understanding of genome and disease biology.