bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced in vivo and ex vivo thrombin generation after lower-leg trauma, but not after knee arthroscopy
Authors: Touw Carolina E. , Nemeth Banne , van Adrichem Raymond A. , van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. , Lisman Ton , Cannegieter Suzanne C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is room for improvement of prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after lower-leg cast application or knee arthroscopy. Information about the mechanism of clot formation in these patients may be useful to identify new prophylaxis targets. We aimed to study the effect of 1) lower-leg injury and 2) knee arthroscopy on thrombin generation.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using plasma samples of POT-(K)CAST trials to measure ex vivo thrombin generation (Calibrated Automated Thrombography [CAT]) and plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), fibrinopeptide A (FPA). Plasma was obtained shortly after lower-leg trauma or before and after (< 4 h) knee arthroscopy. Participants were randomly selected from those who did not develop VTE. For aim 1, samples of 88 patients with lower-leg injury were compared with 89 control samples (i.e., preoperative samples of arthroscopy patients). Linear regression was used to obtain mean differences (or ratios if ln-retransformed because of skewedness) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities. For aim 2, pre- and postoperative samples of 85 arthroscopy patients were compared, for which mean changes were obtained.ResultsIn patients with lower-leg injury (aim 1), endogenous thrombin potential, thrombin peak, velocity index, FPA and TAT were increased as compared with controls. In arthroscopy patients (aim 2), pre- and postoperative levels were similar for all parameters.ConclusionLower-leg trauma increases thrombin generation both ex vivo and in vivo, in contrast to knee arthroscopy. This may imply that the pathogenesis of VTE is different in both situations.
Taxonomic reclassification of Kaposi Sarcoma identifies disease entities with distinct immunopathogenesis
Authors: Openshaw M. R. , Gervasi E. , Fulgenzi C. A. M. , Pinato D. J. , Dalla Pria A. , Bower M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The taxonomy of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is based on a classification system focused on the description of clinicopathological features of KS in geographically and clinically diverse populations. The classification includes classic, endemic, epidemic/HIV associated and iatrogenic KS, and KS in men who have sex with men (MSM). We assessed the medical relevance of the current classification of KS and sought clinically useful improvements in KS taxonomy.

Methods
We reviewed the demographic and clinicopathological features of 676 patients with KS, who were referred to the national centre for HIV oncology at Chelsea Westminster hospital between 2000 and 2021.

Results
Demographic differences between the different subtypes of KS exist as tautological findings of the current classification system. However, no definitive differences in clinicopathological, virological or immunological parameters at presentation could be demonstrated between the classic, endemic or MSM KS patients. Reclassifying patients as either immunosuppressed or non-immunosuppressed, showed that the immunosuppressed group had a significantly higher proportion of adverse disease features at presentation including visceral disease and extensive oral involvement, classified together as advanced disease (chi2 P = 0.0012*) and disseminated skin involvement (chi2 P < 0.0001*). Immunosuppressed patients had lower CD4 counts, higher CD8 counts and a trend towards higher HHV8 levels compared to non-immunosuppressed patients, however overall survival and disease specific (KS) survival was similar across groups.

Conclusion
The current system of KS classification does not reflect meaningful differences in clinicopathological presentation or disease pathogenesis. Reclassification of patients based on the presence or absence of immunosuppression is a more clinically meaningful system that may influence therapeutic approaches to KS.
Critical value in surgical pathology: evaluating the current status in a multicenter study
Authors: Soleimani Neda , Zare Sheibani Atefe , Khajeh Samira , Mohammadzadeh Sahand , Taheri Negar , Mokhtari Maral , Farhadi Mahsa , Hajizade Zahra , Khaleghpanah Saeideh , Dehghani Sima 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The concept of critical value is not evident in surgical pathology, and there is no established protocol for determining, reporting, and documenting these results.

Materials and methods
A questionnaire was designed regarding critical value in surgical pathology, and all pathologists and some clinicians from five laboratories were asked to participate through an invitation link. The most important items were selected, and all pathologists were instructed to follow a standard operating procedure to deal with critical results for a year.

Results
A total of 43 pathologists and 44 non-pathologists participated in the study. Some critical or unexpected items were selected. Most participants agreed that the optimal time to announce critical reports is within 24 h of establishing the final diagnosis, and a phone call was the most dependable communication option. In addition, the most qualified recipients were the attending physicians. Therefore, a written policy was implemented for a year. One hundred seventy-seven critical or unexpected cases (0.5%) were detected. Mucormycosis and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were the most frequent critical cases.

Conclusion
There are no set criteria for critical items or the reporting process in surgical pathology. It is possible to establish more uniform norms for reporting these cases by boosting pertinent research efforts and recruiting more pathologists and physicians. Additionally, it is advised that each medical facility compile its own unique critical or unexpected diagnosis list.
Anesthesia for the dog with heartworm disease: a brief, practical review
Authors: Quandt Jane 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDogs with heartworm disease may present for procedures that require anesthesia. This article is a brief, practical review of anesthetic techniques for dogs with heartworm. Dogs with heartworm, such as in a shelter that undergo spay and neuter procedures, may be safely anesthetized prior to heartworm treatment. The dog presenting with caval syndrome may require emergent anesthesia for extraction of the heartworms; anesthetic drugs and potential adverse effects are discussed. The anesthetic agents that have been used are discussed.
Retrospective analyses of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease and ectoparasite preventive medication compliance in veterinary practices in the USA
Authors: Mwacalimba Kennedy , Sears Derek , Brennan Christopher , Poulsen Nautrup Barbara , Sheehy Jenifer , Smith Kristine , Adolph Christopher 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Compliance failure with administration of heartworm (HW) disease preventives has been reported as the main contributor to HW disease incidence in medicalized dogs. This study aimed to evaluate purchase compliance with different canine HW preventive products in the USA.

Methods
Anonymized transaction data from clinics throughout the USA served as the basis for two retrospective analyses. We first examined the monthly equivalent doses of HW preventive purchases from clinics that had implemented extended-release moxidectin injectables ProHeart® 6 (PH6) and/or ProHeart® 12 (PH12) compared to clinics that prescribed monthly HW preventatives (MHWP) only. In the second analysis, the purchase compliance in practices that dispensed only flea and tick (FT) and HW products separately but did not dispense combination products (dual-therapy practices) was compared to the purchase compliance with the combination product Simparica Trio® (sarolaner, moxidectin, and pyrantel chewable tablets), purchased in clinics having implemented combination therapy in their formulary (combination-therapy practices). In both analyses, the numbers of monthly doses dispensed annually per dog were calculated.

Results
Transaction data from 3,539,990 dogs in 4615 practices were included in the first analysis. In dogs administered PH12 or PH6, the numbers of monthly equivalent doses were 12 and 8.1, respectively. In both clinic types, the average annual number of MHWP doses totaled 7.3. In the second analysis, a total of 919 practices were identified as combination-therapy practices and 434 as dual-therapy-only practices. A total of 246,654 dogs (160,854 dogs in dual-therapy practices and 85,800 dogs in combination-therapy practices) were included in the calculation of the average annual number of monthly doses, which totaled 6.8 (HW preventive products) and 4.4 (FT products) in dual-therapy practices compared to 7.2 months for both FT and HW preventives with Simparica Trio® across both practice types.

Conclusions
The injectable HW preventive PH12 is the only product that provides 12 months of heartworm disease prevention in a single veterinarian-administered injection. When choosing a monthly preventive, the combination therapy was associated with a greater purchase compliance compared with FT and HW products being dispensed separately.

Graphical Abstract
MT-GAN: toward realistic image composition based on spatial features
Authors: Li Xiang , Teng Guowei , An Ping , Yao Hai-yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of image composition is to combine the visual elements of different natural images to produce a natural image. The performance of most existing image composition methods drops significantly when they solve multiple issues, such as image harmonization, image blending, shadow generation, object placement, and spatial transformation. To address this problem, we propose a multitask GAN for image compositing based on spatial features, aiming to simultaneously address the geometric and appearance inconsistency. We use three related learning objective functions to train the network. Moreover, a new dataset including 7756 images with RoI region annotations is contributed to help evaluate the multitask image compositing results. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method is effective on our dataset.
Examine the association between self-employment and return migrants in Ethiopia: evidence from Gondar city youth returnees
Authors: Alene Endalew Terefe 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study attempted to contribute to the existing literature on return migration by framing the discussion within the association between self-employment and returning migrants in the context of Ethiopia particularly on Gondar city youth returnees.

Design/methodology/approach
The study has used a combination of cross-sectional and descriptive research design with a quantitative approach. Quantitative data from 195 youth returnees using a survey questionnaire were employed to address the study objectives. A Census sampling strategy was employed to select study participants. To test the study hypothesizes, a χ2 test was implemented to show the association between independent and dependent variables.

Findings
The findings of this study showed that there is no association between self-employment and return migrants. More specifically, the study results revealed that sectoral and occupational experience gained from abroad do not help return migrants for new business formation.

Research limitations/implications
This study which was focused only on self-employed return migrants where comes from Saudi Arabia, likely does not represent the whole return migrants from abroad. In addition, this study does not include all independent variables that influence the self-employment of return migrants. It only considers occupational and sectoral experience. To understand comprehensively, future research will do by considering all indicators of self-employment of return migrants and also make a comparative analysis between urban and rural return migrants' possibility to become self-employed.

Practical implications
Return migration is one of the demographic phenomena in the world which needs attention from government and non-government organizations. Taking into account this, the paper will serve as an input for policymakers and local officials to consider self-employment carefully to support returnees' sustainable entrepreneurial performance and economic growth. It will also help officials to understand some of the challenges that self-employed returnees have been faced including the provision of working area, formal credit, and pieces of training consistent with the experience brought from abroad and tax incentives.

Originality/value
Studies on youth return migration in sub-Saharan Africa countries are limited and this study will contribute to the return migration literature with an attempt to examine the association between self-employment and return migration in the context of Ethiopia. Accordingly, it examines the relationship between self-employment among youth return migrants by taking sectoral and occupational experience as major indicators.
Evaluation of inverted papilloma recurrence rates and factors associated recurrence after endoscopic surgical resection: A retrospective review
Authors: Yu Sheila , Grose Elysia , Lee Daniel J. , Wu Vincent , Pellarin Mitchell , Lee John M. 
Published: April 2023

Background Sinonasal inverted papillomas (IP) are benign tumours arising from the mucosal lining of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with a high propensity for recurrence and malignant transformation. Advances in endoscopic surgery and improved radiologic navigation have increased the role of endoscopic surgical resection in the treatment of IPs. The current study aims to evaluate the rate of IP recurrence after endoscopic endonasal resection and to evaluate factors which impact recurrence. Methods This was a single-centre retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for management of IP between January 2009 and February 2022. Primary outcomes were the rate of IP recurrence and time to IP recurrence. Secondary outcome measures were patient and tumour factors that contributed to IP recurrence. Results Eighty-five patients were included. The mean age was 55.7 and 36.5% of patients were female. The mean follow-up time was 39.5 months. Of the 85 cases, 13 cases (15.3%) had recurrence of their IP and the median time to recurrence was 22.0 months. All recurrent tumours recurred at the attachment site of the primary tumour. The univariate analysis did not identify any significant demographic, clinical, or surgical predictors of IP recurrence. There were no significant changes in sinonasal symptoms at the time IP recurrence was detected. Conclusion Endoscopic endonasal resection of IPs represents an effective surgical approach, however, the relatively high rate of recurrence and lack of symptomatic changes at the time of recurrence necessitates long term follow up. Better delineation of risk factors for recurrence can help identify high-risk patients and inform postoperative follow up strategies.
Ameloblastic carcinoma of the mandible: a case report
Authors: Ogane Satoru , Fujii Arisa , Suzuki Taiki , Hashimoto Kazuhiko , Hashimoto Sadamitsu , Takano Masayuki , Katakura Akira , Nomura Takeshi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a malignant form of ameloblastoma and a very rare odontogenic tumor. We report a case of ameloblastic carcinoma that occurred after removal of a right-sided mandibular dental implant.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old female patient visited her family dentist with a complaint of pain around a lower right implant placed 37 years previously. Although the dental implant was removed with the diagnosis of peri-implantitis, the patient experienced dullness of sensation in the lower lip and was followed up by her dentist, but after no improvement. She was referred to a highly specialized institution where she was diagnosed with osteomyelitis and treated the patient with medication; however, there was no improvement. In addition, granulation was observed in the same area leading to a suspicion of malignancy, and the patient was referred to our oral cancer center. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made after a biopsy at our hospital. Under general anesthesia, the patient underwent mandibulectomy, right-sided neck dissection, free flap reconstruction with an anterolateral thigh flap, immediate reconstruction with a metal plate, and tracheostomy. Histological analysis of the resected specimen on hematoxylin and eosin staining showed structures reminiscent of enamel pulp and squamous epithelium in the center of the tumor. The tumor cells were highly atypical, with nuclear staining, hypertrophy, irregular nuclear size, and irregular nuclear shape, all of which were suggestive of cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Ki-67 was expressed in more than 80% of the targeted area, and the final diagnosis was primary ameloblastic carcinoma.

Conclusion
After reconstructive flap transplantation, occlusion was re-established using a maxillofacial prosthesis. The patient remained disease-free at the 1-year 3-month follow-up.
Is simultaneous bilateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty better than simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Nagata Naosuke , Hiranaka Takafumi , Okamoto Koji , Fujishiro Takaaki , Tanaka Toshikazu , Kensuke Anjiki , Kitazawa Daiya , Kotoura Ken 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis retrospective study aims to clarify if there are benefits of performing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) on just one indicated side in patients who undergo simultaneous bilateral knee arthroplasty.Materials and methodsWe compared 33 cases of simultaneous bilateral UKA/total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (S-UT) with 99 cases of simultaneous bilateral TKA (S-TT). Comparison included blood tests [C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and D-dimer], the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), range of motion (ROM), and clinical scores before and 1 year after surgery.ResultsClinical scores were not significantly different between the groups. The postoperative flexion angle was significantly better in UKA sides. Blood tests showed that the S-UT had a significantly higher albumin value at 4 and 7 days after surgery. The CRP value at 4 and 7 days, and the D-dimer value at 7 and 14 days after surgery were significantly lower in the S-UT. The S-UT had significantly lower incidence of DVT.ConclusionsIn cases of bilateral arthroplasty, if there is an indication on only one side, a better flexion angle can be obtained by UKA on that side, and with less surgical invasion. Moreover, the incidence of DVT is low, which is considered to be a benefit of performing UKA on just one side.
Prevalence and pattern of electroencephalographic changes associated with clozapine treatment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Roub Mehroosh , Dar Mohammad Maqbool , Dar Shabir Ahmad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Clozapine is a second-generation antipsychotic which is known to have superior efficacy as compared to other antipsychotics. It is particularly used in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (10–30%). However, its use is limited due to the serious side effect of inducing seizures which can occur at all doses. The purpose of our study was to analyse patients taking clozapine for any electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities. We undertook a cross-sectional study on 107 patients with a different diagnosis taking clozapine who visited the outdoor treatment facility of a tertiary care psychiatric diseases hospital in Kashmir. A 32-channel digital EEG was obtained and evaluated visually for any abnormalities in these patients. The data was tabulated and analysed using SPSS 23.0.

Results
EEG abnormalities were reported in 60.75% of patients receiving clozapine out of which slow waves and epileptiform activities were present in 48.60% and 30.84% of patients, respectively. Background slowing was often in the delta and theta ranges. Our study showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the dose of clozapine and EEG abnormalities. Clinical seizure occurred in only one patient receiving clozapine 450 mg/day and was a smoker who had recently stopped smoking.

Conclusions
EEG abnormalities occur frequently in clozapine-treated patients specifically those taking higher doses of clozapine. This calls for utilising EEG as a useful clinical investigation in these patients along with clinical monitoring of seizures especially in those taking higher doses of clozapine in order to hint towards early signs of clozapine toxicity. Caution needs to be taken in patients who are smokers and show a pattern of change in their smoking habits. Moreover, EEG abnormalities though frequently associated with clozapine are not reliable predictors of seizures. Therefore, anticonvulsants may not be routinely indicated in patients on clozapine even in the presence of epileptiform discharges.
Hepatitis C virus infection in children and adolescents: a management update
Authors: Begum Fahmida , Mazumder Md.Wahiduzzaman , Nahid Khan Lamia , Jesmin Tahmina , Musabbir Nadira 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHepatitis C virus infection is an emerging problem for children and adolescents. Chronic HCV infection affects approximately 3.5–5 million children worldwide. Unaddressed HCV infection in children progresses to decompensated liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma during adulthood. Early detection of HCV and the administration of appropriate antiviral therapy are required for the prevention of long-term morbidity associated with chronic HCV infection. The perinatal route is the most common source of childhood HCV infection. Anti-HCV positivity at or after 18 months of age necessitates an HCV-RNA assay after age 3 to recognize chronic HCV infection. Both anti-HCV and HCV-RNA positivity are the indications for antiviral therapy. At present, various combinations of oral, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have been approved for children above 3 years of age. Their efficacy is high. Apart from the effectiveness of DAA therapy, steps should be taken to screen pregnant women to prevent the transmission of viral infection from mother to child. To increase awareness about the mode of HCV spread, NAT-based tests in blood banks for better screening and making the DAAs available at a subsidized rate in the public sector are necessary to eradicate HCV infection.