bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive study of magneto-optical and optical properties of Cd1−xMnxTe between 675 and 1025 nm
Authors: Tyborski Christoph , Hassan Muhammad T. , Flisgen Thomas , Schiemangk Max , Wicht Andreas 
Published: January 2023

We determine Faraday rotations and measure the optical reflection and transmission from magneto-optical Cd1−xMnxTe crystals with various stoichiometric ratios. For wavelengths between 675 and 1025 nm, we derive Verdet constants, optical loss coefficients, and the complex indices of reflection that are relevant measures to find suitable stoichiometric ratios of Cd1−xMnxTe for the realization of miniaturized optical isolators. By reflection and transmission measurements, we determine the stoichiometric ratios of several different Cd1−xMnxTe crystals and discuss the observed dependence of the optical properties on the stoichiometric ratio with respect to their use in optical isolators. Finally, we show the relevant figure of merit, i.e., the ratio of Verdet constants and optical loss coefficients for Cd1−xMnxTe crystals with Mn contents ranging from x = 0.14 to x = 0.50.
Density of amorphous sputtered Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films
Authors: Zhang Q. , Lian C. , Xu Q. , Yu Y. , Skowronski M. 
Published: January 2023

The density, crystallinity, and microstructure of reactively sputtered amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films have been assessed as a function of deposition temperature. The continuous density increase was observed with increasing substrate temperature between room temperature and 200 °C. The films deposited at room temperature are amorphous and exhibit a columnar structure with a lateral size of cells in the 10–15 nm range. Cells consist of high-density interior with boundaries with the density lower by ∼9% due to incorporation of pores. The pores and the columnar microstructure can be eliminated by deposition at 80 °C while still preserving the amorphous phase. The density of pore- and stress-free amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 is 6.16 g/cm3 and is only 1.5% lower than the crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5 with NaCl structure.
Potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to improve crop productivity and adaptation to a changing climate
Authors: Kelbessa Bekele Gelena , Dubey Mukesh , Catara Vittoria , Ghadamgahi Farideh , Ortiz Rodomiro , Vetukuri Ramesh Raju 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses negatively affect the growth and yield of crops worldwide. It is estimated that abiotic and biotic stresses account for global food crop losses of 50% and 30%, respectively. With the rapidly growing world population expected to reach 10 billion by 2050, the issue of food security is becoming a global concern. Climate change, which has its roots in industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural activities, further exacerbates food crop losses. Various innovative agricultural technologies, such as stress-tolerant varieties, smart irrigation systems, and shifting cropping calendars, have been used to both increase crop productivity and mitigate the effects of various stresses, but most of these strategies are time-intensive and costly. Therefore, strategies that are both sustainable and environmentally friendly, as well as economical, are required to face the challenge of providing the world’s human population with adequate food. In this context, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have the potential to increase crop productivity by mitigating the effects of various abiotic and biotic stresses associated with climate change. This approach can also improve the sustainability of agroecosystems by reducing the use of unsustainable agrochemicals, which contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. This review presents current information on how PGPR can mitigate the impacts of abiotic and biotic stresses, associated with climate change, food security, as well as the mechanisms underlying PGPR-induced tolerance to these stresses.
Gravitational waves and neutrino oscillations in Chern-Simons
axion gravity
Authors: Lambiase Gaetano , Mastrototaro Leonardo , Visinelli Luca 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We investigate the modifications in the neutrino flavor oscillations under the influence
of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), in a scenario in which General Relativity is
modified by an additional Chern-Simons (CS) term. Assuming that the dark matter halo is in the
form of axions, the CS coupling modifies the pattern of the neutrino flavor oscillations at Earth
up to a total suppression in some frequency range. At the same time, the SGWB in the halo could
stimulate the axion decay into gravitons over a narrow frequency range, leading to a potentially
detectable resonance peak in the enhanced SGWB strain. A consistent picture would require these
features to potentially show up in neutrino detection from supernovae, gravitational wave
detectors, and experiments aimed at the search for axions in the Milky Way halo.
Investigation of the possibility of a new detector based on SiPM in nuclear forensics
Authors: Holik M. , Ahmadov F. , Sadygov A. , Ahmadov G. , Naghiyev J. , Sadygov Z. , Yilmaz E. , Urban O. , Berikov D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The development of nuclear technologies, the production and active use of radioisotopes, and the production of radiopharmaceuticals, medical isotopes and other radioactive materials are increasing every year. Therefore, the importance of ensuring the safety of highly active isotopes, as well as providing the necessary instruments for measuring and identifying radioactive materials, must be taken into account. Modern equipment such as high purity germanium detectors (HPGe) is costly and requires specialized staff skills as well as special operating conditions such as low temperatures and high voltages. It is proposed to explore the possibilities of using a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) with a deep pixel structure in nuclear gamma spectrometry, which will make it possible to increase the efficiency of scintillation detectors. The paper presents the results of a study of the newest silicon photomultipliers MAPD-3NM II assembled in a 16-element matrix, which was the detector part of the proposed LaBr3(Ce) scintillation spectrometer. The study was carried out using radioisotopes of uranium. The aim of the research is to reveal the possibility of differentiating depleted and natural uranium materials from each other without using special software by means of the proposed set of equipment.
Three-dimensional numerical study of acoustic streaming phenomenon in rectangular resonator
Authors: Malecha Ziemowit 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The article presents a three-dimensional numerical study of the large-amplitude, acoustically driven streaming flow in rectangular resonator for different frequencies of the acoustic wave and different temperature regime, isothermal and 60 K temperature difference between the top and bottom walls. The utilized numerical model was based on the Navier–Stokes compressible equations, the ideal gas model, and finite volume discretization. The oscillating wall of the resonator was modeled as a dynamically moving boundary of the numerical domain. The size of the resonators was adjusted to fit one period of the acoustic wave. The research revealed a stationary pair of streaming vortices in the resonator with a characteristic three-dimensional structure. Their intensity was much greater in the case of nonisothermal flow. The study of the impact of side walls on the intensity of streaming revealed its gradual decrease with approaching the walls, creating a quasiparabolic profile in the resonator. Interestingly, the relationship between the intensity of streaming and the frequency of the acoustic wave turned out to be not trivial and two maxima for different frequencies could be observed.
Quantum memories for fundamental science in space
Authors: Mol Jan-Michael , Esguerra Luisa , Meister Matthias , Bruschi David Edward , Schell Andreas Wolfgang , Wolters Janik , Wörner Lisa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Investigating and verifying the connections between the foundations of quantum mechanics and general relativity will require extremely sensitive quantum experiments. To provide ultimate insight into this fascinating area of physics, the realization of dedicated experiments in space will sooner or later become a necessity. Quantum technologies, and among them quantum memories in particular, are providing novel approaches to reach conclusive experimental results due to their advanced state of development backed by decades of progress. Storing quantum states for prolonged time will make it possible to study Bell tests on astronomical baselines, to increase measurement precision for investigations of gravitational effects on quantum systems, or enable distributed networks of quantum sensors and clocks. We here promote the case of exploiting quantum memories for fundamental physics in space, and discuss both distinct experiments as well as potential quantum memory platforms and their performance.
Internal lipid bilayer friction coefficient from equilibrium canonical simulations
Authors: Benazieb Othmene , Berezovska Lisa , Thalmann Fabrice 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A fundamental result in the theory of Brownian motion is the Einstein-Sutherland relation between mobility and diffusion constant. Any classical linear response transport coefficient obeys a similar Einstein-Helfand relation. We show in this work how to derive the interleaflet friction coefficient of lipid bilayer by means of an adequate generalisation of the Einstein relation. Special attention must be paid in practical cases to the constraints on the system center of mass position that must be enforced when coupling the system to thermostat.
Fracture toughness of nano-zirconia filled aluminum matrix composites: an experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Shekhawat Deepika , Agarwal Pankaj , Patnaik Tapan Kumar , Singh Amit , Patnaik Amar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
During the service life of components, they encounter several cyclic loadings that consequently generate stress which encourages crack interaction ultimately deteriorating materials’ performance. The present study aims to investigate the fracture behaviour of aluminium 6061 reinforced with 0–15 wt% ZrO2 particles (at step of 5 wt%) fabricated using stir casting technique. Compositional analysis through x-ray diffraction was performed on the prepared composite samples. The fracture toughness of prepared composites is investigated through bending test by using single edge notch bend (SENB) specimens. In addition, the computation of fracture toughness was also performed by finite element analysis (FEA) approach, and the numerical results obtained from the FEA were compared with the experimental value. Furthermore, fractography and microstructural tests were carried out in order to investigate the influence of reinforcement weight percentage on the failure behaviour of the composites that had been prepared. The results show that with inclusion of ZrO2 (15 wt%) in aluminum 6061 matrix the maximum fracture toughness of 500.83 MPa.mm0.5 was observed. The study performed through FEA highlights the stress phenomena and result are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Optimizing training trajectories in variational autoencoders via latent Bayesian optimization approach
*
Authors: Biswas Arpan , Vasudevan Rama , Ziatdinov Maxim , Kalinin Sergei V 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Unsupervised and semi-supervised ML methods such as variational autoencoders (VAE) have become widely adopted across multiple areas of physics, chemistry, and materials sciences due to their capability in disentangling representations and ability to find latent manifolds for classification and/or regression of complex experimental data. Like other ML problems, VAEs require hyperparameter tuning, e.g. balancing the Kullback–Leibler and reconstruction terms. However, the training process and resulting manifold topology and connectivity depend not only on hyperparameters, but also their evolution during training. Because of the inefficiency of exhaustive search in a high-dimensional hyperparameter space for the expensive-to-train models, here we have explored a latent Bayesian optimization (zBO) approach for the hyperparameter trajectory optimization for the unsupervised and semi-supervised ML and demonstrated for joint-VAE with rotational invariances. We have demonstrated an application of this method for finding joint discrete and continuous rotationally invariant representations for modified national institute of standards and technology database (MNIST) and experimental data of a plasmonic nanoparticles material system. The performance of the proposed approach has been discussed extensively, where it allows for any high dimensional hyperparameter trajectory optimization of other ML models.
Silver nanoparticles elevate mutagenesis of eukaryotic genomes
Authors: Wu Kun , Li Haichao , Wang Yaohai , Liu Dan , Li Hui , Zhang Yu , Lynch Michael , Long Hongan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Metal nanoparticles, especially silver, have been used in various medical scenarios, due to their excellent antimicrobial effects. Recent studies have shown that AgNPs do not exert mutagenic effects on target bacteria, but the degree to which they compromise eukaryotic genomes remains unclear. To study this, we evaluated the mutagenic effects of AgNPs on the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe ATCC-16979, of which ∼23% genes are homologous to human ones, at single-nucleotide resolution, and whole-genome scale by running 283 mutation accumulation lines for ∼260,000 cell divisions in total. We also explored the action and mutagenesis mechanisms using differential gene-expression analysis based on RNAseq. Upon AgNPs treatment, the genomic base-substitution mutation rate of S. pombe at four-fold degenerate sites increased by 3.46×, and small indels were prone to occur in genomic regions that are not simple sequence repeats. The G:C → T:A transversion rate was also significantly increased, likely mostly from oxidative damage. Thus, in addition to their antimicrobial potency, AgNPs might pose slight genotoxicity threats to eukaryotic and possibly human genomes, though at a low magnitude.
The geometry of adversarial training in binary classification
Authors: Bungert Leon , García Trillos Nicolás , Murray Ryan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe establish an equivalence between a family of adversarial training problems for non-parametric binary classification and a family of regularized risk minimization problems where the regularizer is a nonlocal perimeter functional. The resulting regularized risk minimization problems admit exact convex relaxations of the type $L^1+\text{(nonlocal)}\operatorname{TV}$, a form frequently studied in image analysis and graph-based learning. A rich geometric structure is revealed by this reformulation which in turn allows us to establish a series of properties of optimal solutions of the original problem, including the existence of minimal and maximal solutions (interpreted in a suitable sense) and the existence of regular solutions (also interpreted in a suitable sense). In addition, we highlight how the connection between adversarial training and perimeter minimization problems provides a novel, directly interpretable, statistical motivation for a family of regularized risk minimization problems involving perimeter/total variation. The majority of our theoretical results are independent of the distance used to define adversarial attacks.
Chd5 Regulates the Transcription Factor Six3 to Promote Neuronal Differentiation
Authors: Shrestha Padmina , Jaganathan Anbalagan , Huilgol Dhananjay , Ballon Carlos , Hwangbo Yon , Mills Alea A 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 5 (Chd5) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that promotes neuronal differentiation. However, the mechanism behind the action of Chd5 during neurogenesis is not clearly understood. Here we use transcriptional profiling of cells obtained from Chd5 deficient mice at early and late stages of neuronal differentiation to show that Chd5 regulates neurogenesis by directing stepwise transcriptional changes. During early stages of neurogenesis, Chd5 promotes expression of the proneural transcription factor Six3 to repress Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt ligand essential for the maturation of neurons. This previously unappreciated ability of Chd5 to transcriptionally repress neuronal maturation factors is critical for both lineage specification and maturation. Thus, Chd5 facilitates early transcriptional changes in neural stem cells, thereby initiating transcriptional programs essential for neuronal fate specification.
Applying the new guidelines to asthma management in children
Authors: Castagnoli Riccardo , Brambilla Ilaria , Giudice Michele Miraglia Del , Marseglia Gian Luigi , Licari Amelia 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
This review aims to provide paediatricians with novel concepts from scientific evidence applicable to treating children with asthma. The latest guideline updates on paediatric asthma are discussed here, with a focus on the 2022 update of the GINA document.

Recent findings
Mild asthma remains to be an important challenge for the paediatrician, and the introduction of new evidence-based treatment strategies, particularly those symptom-driven, could have a significant impact on the paediatric population. The identification of predictive biomarkers, the definition of biological treatment response, the possible duration of these therapies in this age group, as well as their potential action on airway remodelling are desirable in the short term. As the number of available biological treatment options expands, paediatricians should be supported by further evidence in decision-making.

Summary
There is an urgent need to implement at multiple levels the latest therapeutic strategies proposed for asthma at all severities.
Intergenerational Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Young Adult Male Rats with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ju Ling-Sha , Zhu Jiepei , Brant Jason O. , Morey Timothy E. , Gravenstein Nikolaus , Seubert Christoph N. , Vasilopoulos Terrie , Setlow Barry , Martynyuk Anatoly E. 
Published: January 2023

Background
The authors tested the hypothesis that the effects of traumatic brain injury, surgery, and sevoflurane interact to induce neurobehavioral abnormalities in adult male rats and in their offspring (an animal model of intergenerational perioperative neurocognitive disorder).

Methods
Sprague-Dawley male rats (assigned generation F0) underwent a traumatic brain injury on postnatal day 60 that involved craniectomy (surgery) under 3% sevoflurane for 40 min followed by 2.1% sevoflurane for 3 h on postnatal days 62, 64, and 66 (injury group). The surgery group had craniectomy without traumatic brain injury, whereas the sevoflurane group had sevoflurane only. On postnatal day 90, F0 males and control females were mated to generate offspring (assigned generation F1).

Results
Acutely, F0 injury rats exhibited the greatest increases in serum corticosterone and interleukin-1β and -6, and activation of the hippocampal microglia. Long-term, compared to controls, F0 injury rats had the most exacerbated corticosterone levels at rest (mean ± SD, 2.21 ± 0.64 vs. 7.28 ± 1.95 ng/ml, n = 7 - 8; P < 0.001) and 10 min after restraint (133.12 ± 33.98 vs. 232.83 ± 40.71 ng/ml, n = 7 - 8; P < 0.001), increased interleukin-1β and -6, and reduced expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1; 0.53 ± 0.08 fold change relative to control, P < 0.001, n = 6) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes. They also exhibited greater behavioral deficiencies. Similar abnormalities were evident in their male offspring, whereas F1 females were not affected. The reduced Nr3c1 expression in F1 male, but not female, hippocampus was accompanied by corresponding Nr3c1 promoter hypermethylated CpG sites in F0 spermatozoa and F1 male, but not female, hippocampus.

Conclusions
These findings in rats suggest that young adult males with traumatic brain injury are at an increased risk of developing perioperative neurocognitive disorder, as are their unexposed male but not female offspring.

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Lipidomics in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Yi , Pan Xiong-Fei , Pan An 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
Epidemiological and mechanistic studies have reported relationships between blood lipids, mostly measured by traditional method in clinical settings, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Recent advances of high-throughput lipidomics techniques have made available more comprehensive lipid profiling in biological samples. This review aims to summarize evidence from prospective studies in assessing relations between blood lipids and GDM, and discuss potential underlying mechanisms.

Recent findings
Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based analytical platforms are extensively used in lipidomics research. Epidemiological studies have identified multiple novel lipidomic biomarkers that are associated with risk of GDM, such as certain types of fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipoproteins. However, the findings are inconclusive mainly due to the heterogeneities in study populations, sample sizes, and analytical platforms. Mechanistic evidence indicates that abnormal lipid metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM by impairing pancreatic β-cells and inducing insulin resistance through several etiologic pathways, such as inflammation and oxidative stress.

Summary
Lipidomics is a powerful tool to study pathogenesis and biomarkers for GDM. Lipidomic biomarkers and pathways could help to identify women at high risk for GDM and could be potential targets for early prevention and intervention of GDM.
Gordonia sputi -associated bloodstream infection in a renal transplant patient with chronic indwelling central venous catheter: a case report and literature review
Authors: Lo Calvin Ka-Fung , Broderick Conor , Stefanovic Aleksandra , Connors William , Murray Melanie 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Although rare, human infections caused by Gordonia spp. have been reported especially within the immunocompromised population and those with long-term indwelling devices. We report a case of Gordonia spp. bacteremia in a renal transplant patient and present a literature review on microbiologic identification methods of this organism.
Case Presentation: A 62-year-old female renal transplant recipient admitted to hospital with a 2-month history of dry cough and fevers occurring weekly when receiving electrolyte replacement infusions via Groshong line. Over two weeks, blood cultures on multiple occasions repeatedly isolated a Gram-positive bacillus in aerobic bottle only, initially reported as Rhodococcus spp. by local microbiology laboratory. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed multiple ground-glass lung opacities suggestive of septic pulmonary emboli. As central line-associated blood stream infection was suspected, empiric antibiotics were initiated and the Groshong line was removed. The Gram-positive bacillus was later confirmed by reference laboratory as Gordonia sputi via 16S-rRNA sequencing. Vancomycin and ciprofloxacin for duration of six weeks was completed as targeted antimicrobial therapy. After treatment, she remained symptom-free with marked improvement on repeat CT chest imaging.
Conclusion: This case illustrates the challenges surrounding identification of Gordonia spp. and other aerobic actinomycetes.16S-rRNA gene sequencing may be a preferred identification method, especially when initial workup of a weakly acid-fast organism fails to identify or shows discrepant results using traditional diagnostic modalities.