bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlimited Discretion: How Unchecked Bureaucratic Discretion Can Threaten Abortion Availability
Authors: Heymann Orlaith , Bessett Danielle , Norris Alison , Hill Jessie , Czarnecki Danielle , Gyuras Hillary J. , Pensak Meredith , McGowan Michelle L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Previous research has assessed the impact of state regulations on abortion clinics and patients, but how bureaucrats implement them is less understood and is increasingly important as states arbitrate abortion regulation. The authors conducted a case study of how bureaucrats use discretion to implement state regulations on abortion, focusing on two abortion facilities in southwest Ohio from 2010 to 2022. Ohio abortion facilities are required to obtain a written transfer agreement, despite it offering no demonstrable health or safety benefits. The authors find that state requirements for obtaining variances—a process that allows abortion facilities to operate without a written transfer agreement—have become exceedingly difficult to comply with. The authors show how state statutes and administrative law have enabled bureaucrats to wield unlimited discretion and enforce arbitrary requirements. This unlimited bureaucratic discretion and accompanying administrative burden exacerbated clinic instability and threatened abortion availability in southwest Ohio for almost a decade. As implementation and interpretation of abortion policy is increasingly left to state bureaucrats and civil servants following the Supreme Court's Dobbs decision, how bureaucrats use discretion will influence clinic stability and abortion availability. The authors posit that unlimited bureaucratic discretion may exert greater influence on abortion availability across the nation as states scramble to clarify and implement policies after Dobbs.
Mouse models of fragile X-related disorders
Authors: Willemsen Rob , Kooy R. Frank 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
The fragile X-related disorders are an important group of hereditary disorders that are caused by expanded CGG repeats in the 5′ untranslated region of the FMR1 gene or by mutations in the coding sequence of this gene. Two categories of pathological CGG repeats are associated with these disorders, full mutation alleles and shorter premutation alleles. Individuals with full mutation alleles develop fragile X syndrome, which causes autism and intellectual disability, whereas those with premutation alleles, which have shorter CGG expansions, can develop fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Thus, fragile X-related disorders can manifest as neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders, depending on the size of the repeat expansion. Here, we review mouse models of fragile X-related disorders and discuss how they have informed our understanding of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. We also assess the translational value of these models for developing rational targeted therapies for intellectual disability and autism disorders.
Complexity and self-organization in the evolution of cell polarization
Authors: Glazenburg Marieke M. , Laan Liedewij 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Cellular life exhibits order and complexity, which typically increase over the course of evolution. Cell polarization is a well-studied example of an ordering process that breaks the internal symmetry of a cell by establishing a preferential axis. Like many cellular processes, polarization is driven by self-organization, meaning that the macroscopic pattern emerges as a consequence of microscopic molecular interactions at the biophysical level. However, the role of self-organization in the evolution of complex protein networks remains obscure. In this Review, we provide an overview of the evolution of polarization as a self-organizing process, focusing on the model species Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its fungal relatives. Moreover, we use this model system to discuss how self-organization might relate to evolutionary change, offering a shift in perspective on evolution at the microscopic scale.
Awareness of interventional radiology among medical students at KFU in Al-Hasa province
Authors: Al Mutairi Rahaf , Al Mulhim Mohammed , Bin mutreb Linah , Al Mutairi Mohammed , Hazem Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

Background: Interventional radiology (IR) is a branch of diagnostic radiology that performs minimally invasive procedure using image guided radiological techniques. Methods: To measure the awareness of IR between clinical-year medical students and medical interns at King Faisal University (KFU) in Al-Hasa province and the likelihood of medical students to enter IR in the future, a cross-sectional study was performed between year 4 and 5 medical students (clinical year students) and medical interns at KFU, Al-Hasa with the use of validated electronic questionnaire. Results: A total of 246 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this study. The students were in clinical years: 54.9% were in their fourth year, 34.6% were in their fifth year, and 10.6% were interns. Approximately half of the responders (46.9%) think their knowledge regarding IR is poor. Lectures were the most frequently identified information source (33.3%). Around 48% of the participants had a satisfactory level of knowledge on interventional radiology. Conclusion: This study showed relatively poor awareness and knowledge toward IR among medical interns and clinical years medical students. To solve this issue, a number of strategies can be implemented, such as early inclusion of an interventional radiology course in the curriculum, IR symposiums, and IR awareness campaigns.
Microbial dynamics, risk assessment and sensory evaluation of metata ayib (traditional spiced fermented cottage cheese)
Authors: Adugna Mulugojjam , Andualem Berhanu 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Different traditional fermented foods and beverages made from various components are available in Ethiopia. Metata ayib, a traditional fermented dairy product, is created by blending ayib (Ethiopian cottage cheese) with different spices in a tightly covered container. Therefore, metata ayib is a ready-to-eat food. If it is handled with poor hygiene standards or is contaminated with potentially hazardous microorganisms, consuming it could be harmful. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the microbiological dynamics, organoleptic properties, and growth potential of some foodborne pathogens in metata ayib. Methods: Three different kinds of metata ayib were made in a laboratory, and, using conventional microbiological methods, a microbiological examination was carried out during the fermentation process. Using 10 panellists, the sensory evaluation of the different types of metata ayib was conducted. The growth potential of selected pathogenic microorganisms on the preferred ready-to-eat metata ayib was then tested. Results: Coliforms and Staphylococci species were not found in any type of metata ayib during the fermentation process. The counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMBC), lactic acid bacteria (LABC), yeast and mold (YMC) in metata ayib that was made with black mustard seed and 12 other common spices were highest. Metata ayib prepared with black mustard seed and 12 additional common spices had significantly (P<0.05) higher sensory qualities in terms of taste than metata ayib prepared with red pepper or Ethiopian mustard seed, and 12 additional common spices. The growth capacity of Candida albicans in metata ayib made with black mustard seed and 12 other common spices showed greater resistance (24 h) than both E. coli (18 h) and S. aureus (6 h). Conclusions: Care should be taken when handling fermented metata ayib. To improve the safety and health benefits of fermented metata ayib, it is preferable to inoculate it with possible probiotics.
Росия – міфічна краіна: компенсацийна роля уявлінь о росийскости в лемківскых культуровых текстах
Authors: Duć-Fajfer Helena 
Published: January 2023

ROSJA – MITYCZNA KRAINA: KOMPENSACYJNA ROLA WYOBRAŻEŃ O ROSYJSKOŚCI W ŁEMKOWSKICH TEKSTACH KULTUROWYCH
W artykule została podjęta próba rozpoznania i przedstawienia konstruktów wyobraźniowych zawartych w łemkowskich tekstach kultury, głównie w piśmiennictwie, które odnoszą się do Rosji i rosyjskości. Kluczową rolę w tworzeniu konstruktów wyobrażeniowych odegrały uwarunkowania geopolityczne i kulturowe kształtowania się łemkowskiej tożsamości etnicznej. W tekście wyodrębnione zostają swoiste hipostazy rosyjskości, konkretyzujące się w łemkowskim dyskursie tożsamościowym: mit sprawiedliwego i dobrego cara, obrońcy prześladowanych Rusinów oraz wizja Rosji jako krainy dobrobytu. Przedstawione są osobowe/ personalne oraz tekstowe przykłady wpływu tych mitów. Opisane zostały utopie społeczne zbudowane na ich bazie. Wskazano też na konsekwencje politycznej interpretacji tych mitycznych i kulturowych obrazów dla losów całej społeczności łemkowskiej.
Three Decades of Road and Trail Runoff and Erosion Work in the Northeastern Caribbean – a Research Program Perspective
Authors: Ramos Scharron Carlos E. , Alicea Efrain E. , Figueroa Sanchez Yasiel , LaFevor Matthew C. , McLaughlin Preston , MacDonald Lee H. , Reale-Munroe Kynoch , Thomaz Edivaldo L. , Viqueira Rios Roberto 
Published: January 2023

HighlightsThe infiltration capacities of unsurfaced roadways are frequently exceeded by rain intensity, promoting overland flow.Erosion rates from unsurfaced roadways and cut slopes are 101 to 104 times greater than on undisturbed hillslopes.Roads in steep, subtropical wet terranes may increase landslide erosion by a factor of 5 relative to areas without roads.The hydro-geomorphic impact of roads is so prominent that they must be explicitly considered in watershed assessments. ABSTRACT. Erosion is a key environmental concern in the northeastern Caribbean because it can diminish soil productivity, damage infrastructure, and threaten human life. Additionally, sediment released by erosion can be delivered to streams where it can degrade water quality and aquatic habitat, reduce reservoir storage capacity, and threaten critical marine resources such as sea grass beds and coral reefs. Road erosion has been a concern in the region since the 1990s, and a considerable body of research has been conducted over the last ~30 years. This article reviews the key findings and identifies additional research needs. In some tropical dry coastal watersheds of the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, unpaved roads and foot or off-road vehicle trails are the primary sediment sources. Watershed scale sediment production rates in these tropical dry settings are 0.3 to 3.7 Mg ha-1 yr-1, depending on unpaved road density, and these are 3 to 40 times greater than under undisturbed conditions. In wetter settings, like the forested and actively cultivated landscapes of highland Puerto Rico, sediment contributions include those from unpaved farm roads but also those from croplands, streambanks, and landslides. Watershed scale sediment production rates in actively cultivated tropical wet settings are 15 to 60 Mg ha-1 yr-1, with road-induced surface erosion and landslides accounting for 50% to 95% of total sediment production. Designing management alternatives will require additional research to improve our understanding of road-to-stream and road-to-coast connectivity, develop effectiveness metrics of applied management practices, and establish the specific causes of road-induced landslides. Keywords: Connectivity, Coral reefs, Landslides, Puerto Rico, Sedimentation, Surface erosion, Virgin Islands.
The Religion of White Male Ethnonationalism in a Multicultural Reality
Authors: Lundskow George 
Published: January 2023

This chapter argues that the dominant religion of the United States was and is White male ethnonationalism, often but not always polished with a Christian veneer. The argument analyzes two historical periods: first, the racial conflict of post-Civil War Reconstruction and Southern faith in the myth of the Lost Cause, which directly configured the racial animus that, second, divided and ultimately destroyed the 20th century labor movement. The social forces of the Civil War and rapid industrialization challenged racial (and gender) hierarchies, and yet, as industrial capital and US global political power expanded, White supremacy justified acquisition and domination as legitimate moral conquests. This required validation that transcends economic interests and exacts willing personal sacrifice from the White servant classes – in other words – religious validation. Consequently, racial and ethnic minorities suffered the brunt of White unity around White ethnonational supremacy, and even lower income Whites faithfully subverted their own class and quality-of-life interests under the religious-like fervor of White supremacy. Today, progressive social change requires two developments: active White resistance to White supremacy, and class unity among the multitude, regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, or lifestyle. Otherwise, progressive social change may not happen for a very long time.
Queering Islam in Performance: Gender and Sexuality in American Muslim Women’s Stand-up Comedy
Authors: Michael Jaclyn A. 
Published: January 2023

This chapter evaluates the recent stand-up humour of women, LGTBQ+, and non-binary American Muslim performers for whom gender and sexuality is a prominent theme in their performance material. The analysis identifies several trends in performance with regard to how these voices represent being Muslim in terms of gender, sexuality, and the body. These comics use humour to raise awareness about how patriarchy dehumanizes their experiences, and how narrow definitions of Muslim personhood fail to fully realize the entire global ummah (Muslim community). Their humour insists on the humanity of those who are marginalized, whether that be in terms of race, ability, sexuality, place in the Muslim community, or gender. The ways in which Islamophobia is uniquely gendered also emerges as a theme in this comic material, as Muslim women challenge common and myopic assumptions about the hijab and female sexualities in their jokes.
Comedy as Social Commentary in Little Mosque on the Prairie : Decoding Humour in the First ‘Muslim Sitcom’
Authors: Friesen Jay 
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on Little Mosque on the Prairie, often dubbed the West's first Muslim sitcom. While this sitcom arguably broke new ground, featuring a large cast of Muslim characters and numerous stories involving Islam, it was also bound to traditional sitcom conventions, known for their relatively predictable and unprogressive comedic style. This contribution investigates whether Little Mosque on the Prairie was a revolutionary and progressive "Muslim" sitcom or whether the series' cultural revisionism was exaggerated and it was a rather unexceptional comedy that happened to feature Muslim characters and themes. The chapter concludes by returning to the question of what would constitute a specifically Muslim type of humour.
Dynamic correction of astigmatism
Authors: Bhowmick Amit K. , Jamali Afsoon , Bryant Douglas , Pintz Sandro , Bos Philip J. 
Published: January 2023

For the correction of defocus and astigmatism, mechanical approaches
are well known, but there is a need for a non-mechanical, electrically
tunable optical system that could provide both focus and astigmatism
power correction with an adjustable axis. The optical system presented
here is composed of three liquid-crystal-based tunable cylindrical
lenses that are simple, low cost, and having a compact structure.
Potential applications of the concept device include smart eyeglasses,
virtual reality (VR)/ augmented reality (AR) head-mounted
displays (HMDs), and optical systems subject to thermal or mechanical
distortion. Details of the concept, design method, numerical computer
simulations of the proposed device, as well as characterization of a
prototype, are provided in this work.
Optimal design of a 4  ×  4 MMI thermal optical switch with trapezoidal air trenches
Authors: Shang Yuling , Zhou Jinzhuo , Jiang Hui , He Xiang , Ye Xiaojing , Li Chunquan 
Published: January 2023

Optical switches are important in signal routing and switching. In this paper, a thermal optical switch with trapezoidal air trenches is proposed. The proposed structure consists of two cascaded

4

×

4

multimode interference (MMI) couplers. The beam propagation method is used to optimize the dimension and analyze the characteristics. Simulation results show excess loss (EL) and insertion loss (IL) are less than 0.14 dB and 0.22 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm, respectively. Besides, the extinction ratio (ER) is higher than 21 dB. This design has the advantages of small size, low loss, and high flexibility, which is promising for application to all-optical network routing.
Performance evaluation of the Ortho VITROS SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Specific Quantitative IgG test by comparison with the surrogate virus neutralizing antibody test and clinical assessment
Authors: Takahashi Maika , Saito Kaori , Ai Tomohiko , Nojiri Shuko , Khasawneh Abdullah , Paran Faith Jessica , Horiuchi Yuki , Takei Satomi , Yamamoto Takamasa , Wakita Mitsuru , Hiki Makoto , Miida Takashi , Naito Toshio , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Tabe Yoko 
Published: January 2023

Background
Despite the worldwide campaigns of COVID-19 vaccinations, the pandemic is still a major medical and social problem. The Ortho VITROS SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific quantitative IgG (VITROS S-IgG) assay has been developed to assess neutralizing antibody (NT antibody) against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antibodies. However, it has not been evaluated in Japan, where the total cases and death toll are lower than the rest of the world.

Methods
The clinical performance of VITROS S-IgG was evaluated by comparing with the NT antibody levels measured by the surrogate virus neutralizing antibody test (sVNT). A total of 332 serum samples from 188 individuals were used. Of these, 219 samples were from 75 COVID-19 patients: 96 samples from 20 severe/critical cases (Group S), and 123 samples from 55 mild/moderate cases (Group M). The remaining 113 samples were from 113 healthcare workers who had received 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine.

Results
VITROS S-IgG showed good correlation with the cPass sVNT assay (Spearman rho = 0.91). Both VITROS S-IgG and cPass sVNT showed significantly higher plateau levels of antibodies in Group S compared to Group M. Regarding the humoral immune responses after BNT162b2 vaccination, individuals who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N)-specific antibodies had statistically lower titers of both S-IgG and sVNT compared to individuals with a history of COVID-19 and individuals who were positive for N-specific antibodies without history of COVID-19. In individuals who were positive for N-specific antibodies, S-IgG and sVNT titers were similar to individuals with a history of COVID-19.

Conclusions
Although the automated quantitative immunoassay VITROS S-IgG showed a reasonable correlation with sVNT antibodies, there is some discrepancy between Vitros S-IgG and cPass sVNT in milder cases. Thus, VITROS S-IgG can be a useful diagnostic tool in assessing the immune responses to vaccination and herd immunity. However, careful analysis is necessary to interpret the results.
Asymptotic properties of critical points for subcritical Trudinger-Moser functional
Authors: Hashizume Masato 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
On a smooth bounded domain we study the Trudinger-Moser functional

E

α

(

u

)

≔

∫

Ω

(

e

α

u

2

−
1

)

d
x
,

u
∈

H

1

(

Ω

)

{E}_{\alpha }\left(u):= \mathop{\int }\limits_{\Omega }({e}^{\alpha {u}^{2}}-1){\rm{d}}x,\hspace{1.0em}u\in {H}^{1}\left(\Omega )

for

α
∈

(

0
,
2
π

)

\alpha \in \left(0,2\pi )

and its restriction

E

α

∣

Σ

λ

{E}_{\alpha }{| }_{{\Sigma }_{\lambda }}

, where

Σ

λ

≔

u
∈

H

1

(

Ω

)

∣

∫

Ω

(

∣

∇

u

∣

2

+
λ

u

2

)

d
x
=
1

{\Sigma }_{\lambda }:= \left\{u\in {H}^{1}\left(\Omega )| {\int }_{\Omega }(| \nabla u{| }^{2}+\lambda {u}^{2}){\rm{d}}x=1\right\}

for

λ
>
0

\lambda \gt 0

. By applying the asymptotic analysis and the variational method, we obtain asymptotic behavior of critical points of

E

α

∣

Σ

λ

{E}_{\alpha }{| }_{{\Sigma }_{\lambda }}

both as

λ
→
0

\lambda \to 0

and as

λ
→
+
∞

\lambda \to +\infty

. In particular, we prove that when

α

\alpha

is sufficiently small, maximizers for

sup

u
∈

Σ

λ

E

α

(

u

)

{\sup }_{u\in {\Sigma }_{\lambda }}{E}_{\alpha }\left(u)

tend to 0 in

C

(

Ω

¯

)

C\left(\overline{\Omega })

as

λ
→
+
∞

\lambda \to +\infty

.
A case of pulmonary embolism with bad warfarin anticoagulant effects caused by E. coli infection
Authors: Huang Weifeng , Cai Qingqing , Huo Yan , Tang Jin , Chen Yan , Fang Yuan , Lu Yihan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Warfarin is an anticoagulant commonly used as an oral drug in preventing and treating thromboembolic diseases. The international normalized ratio (INR) is a clinical monitoring anticoagulation intensity index that adjusts the dose based on important references. In particular, INR value must be strictly monitored when warfarin is used for anticoagulation therapy in infected patients. Herein, we report a 54-year-old female patient diagnosed with pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis of the lower limbs. After the warfarin administration, the INR was always substandard. The patient did not take other warfarin-interacting drugs or foods during the hospital stay. Metagenome next-generation sequencing suggested a bloodstream infection caused by Escherichia coli, which was further confirmed by blood culture. After meropenem administration for anti-infective treatment, the INR value rose rapidly to a standard level. Considering the lack of relevant reports, this case is the first report of potential interaction between E. coli and warfarin. Further, in patients with thromboembolic diseases complicated by infection, antibiotics should be chosen reasonably with close monitoring of the INR to avoid the interaction of warfarin and antibiotics and to ensure the effectiveness and safety of warfarin treatment.
Giant pangolin and white-bellied pangolin observations from a World Heritage site
Authors: Amin Rajan , Wacher Tim , Fankem Oliver , Bruce Tom , Gilbert Oum Ndjock , Ndimbe Malenoh Sewuh , Fowler Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pangolins are one of the most threatened mammal groups, as a result of habitat loss and exploitation for their meat, scales, and other body parts. However, there is a lack of quantitative data on pangolin populations; their behaviour and ecology make them challenging to survey. We undertook systematic camera-trap surveys of the 5260 km2 World Heritage Dja Faunal Reserve, Cameroon, sampling 305 sites in eight grids over 28,277 camera-trap days. We recorded 768 images of giant pangolin in 99 independent detections at 57 sites (RAI = 0.35), and 2282 images in 355 detections (RAI = 1.26) of white-bellied pangolin at 137 sites. Ground-dwelling giant pangolins were largely confined to the core of the Reserve. Semi-arboreal white-bellied pangolins were predominantly distributed in the northeast, east and south of the Reserve. Lower occupancy in the west and northwest could partly be due to pressures from human settlements around the Hydromekin Dam and Sud-Cameroun Hévéa rubber plantation. Our study suggests that at the ground-level the two species do not spatially segregate, and both were active throughout the night. We found high diel activity overlap, although there was a significant difference in activity peak times. There was also evidence of white-bellied pangolin possibly exhibiting fine-scale behavioural avoidance of giant pangolin.