bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards resolvingNothophaeocryptopusandRhizosphaerainhabitants of spruce needles
Authors: Taylor Joanne E. , Koukol Ondřej 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOur knowledge of the endophytic fungal community associated with needles of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) is rather limited, which contrasts with the importance of this tree species for forestry in the UK. In our study, we focused on the detailed characterization of multiple isolates tentatively placed into the generaNothophaeocryptopusandRhizosphaerathat were obtained from needles of Sitka spruce and co‐occurring Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)at four sites in Scotland and Wales. After a thorough analysis of their phenotype and analysis of two nuclear regions (ITS rDNA and gene for β‐tubulin), we propose two species new to science and one new combination.Nothophaeocryptopus piceaewas isolated from healthy green or brown needles from spruces and is currently known only as a sterile culture, but the taxonomic novelty is well supported by host affinity and results of molecular data analysis.Rhizosphaera minterimay also be distinguished based on the combination of host and molecular data, but morphologically, it is similar toR. pini. Finally,Hormonema merioidesandR. pseudotsugaeare found to be conspecific and a new combinationR. merioidesis proposed following the phylogenetic placement of this species. Our study highlights the importance of multiple approaches used in the identification of microfungi associated with coniferous needles. It is evident that morphologically identical fungi may represent distinct species differing in their host range and severity on the host. This study also provides a basis for future monitoring of these fungi associated with important coniferous forestry trees in the UK.
Emotion estimation model for cognitive state analysis of learners in online education using deep learning
Authors: Mahendar Maragoni , Malik Arun , Batra Isha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor Facial Expression Recognition, occlusion and position change that may drastically alter facial expressions are two important challenges (FER). Due to advances in automated FER over the last several decades, it has received less attention in the real world, where occlusion‐ and pose‐invariant aspects of FER are critical. Online education learners' cognitive states may be assessed using this paper's focus on real‐world stance and occlusion robust FER. The human visual system's attention mechanism inspired us to develop a new kind of spatial attention network (SAN‐CNN). Saliency characteristics and spatial importance between adjacent pixels are emphasized in the SAN‐CNN model. Preprocessing an input picture using a median contour filter is used here initially, followed by mask‐based ROI for segmentation. Using CNNs for facial recognition, landmark localization, and head position estimation based on spatial attention networks, it is possible to do emotional categorization. Using the Kaggle public video‐based facial expression datasets, we were able to demonstrate that our proposed approach is more accurate and faster than the usual techniques. In addition, we evaluated the suggested method's performance metrics with those of the already used approaches. FER with occlusion and variant posture performs better than standard approaches using our suggested method, as shown by the results of the experiments.
Paris Agreement could prevent regional mass extinctions of coral species
Authors: Couce Elena , Cowburn Benjamin , Clare David , Bluemel Joanna K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are expected to undergo significant declines over the coming decades as oceans become warmer and more acidic. We investigate the environmental tolerances of over 650 Scleractinian coral species based on the conditions found within their present‐day ranges and in areas where they are currently absent but could potentially reach via larval dispersal. These “environmental envelopes” and connectivity constraints are then used to develop global forecasts for potential coral species richness under two emission scenarios, representing the Paris Agreement target (“SSP1‐2.6”) and high levels of emissions (“SSP5‐8.5”). Although we do not directly predict coral mortality or adaptation, the projected changes to environmental suitability suggest considerable declines in coral species richness for the majority of the world's tropical coral reefs, with a net loss in average local richness of 73% (Paris Agreement) to 91% (High Emissions) by 2080–2090 and particularly large declines across sites in the Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Western Indian Ocean, and Caribbean. However, at the regional scale, we find that environmental suitability for the majority of coral species can be largely maintained under the Paris Agreement target, with 0%–30% potential net species lost in most regions (increasing to 50% for the Great Barrier Reef) as opposed to 80%–90% losses under High Emissions. Projections for subtropical areas suggest that range expansion will give rise to coral reefs with low species richness (typically 10–20 coral species per region) and will not meaningfully offset declines in the tropics. This work represents the first global projection of coral species richness under oceanic warming and acidification. Our results highlight the critical importance of mitigating climate change to avoid potentially massive extinctions of coral species.
Antibody and memory B cell responses to the dengue virus NS1 antigen in individuals with varying severity of past infection
Authors: Ramu Shyrar Tanussiya , Dissanayake Madushika , Jeewandara Chandima , Bary Farha , Harvie Michael , Gomes Laksiri , Wijesinghe Ayesha , Ariyaratne Dinuka , Ogg Graham S. , Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo further understand the role of NS1‐specific antibodies (Abs) in disease pathogenesis, we compared neutralizing antibody levels (Nabs), NS1‐Ab levels, IgG antibody subclass profiles and NS1‐specific memory B‐cell responses (Bmems) in individuals, with varying severity of past dengue. Nabs (Neut50 titres) were assessed using the Foci Reduction Neutralization Test (FRNT) and in‐house ELISAs were used to assess NS1‐Abs and NS1‐Ab subclasses for all four DENV serotypes in individuals with past DF (n = 22), those with past DHF (n = 14) and seronegative (SN) individuals (n = 7). B‐cell ELISpot assays were used to assess NS1‐specific Bmem responses. 15/22 (68.18%) individuals with past DF and 9/14 (64.29%) individuals with past DHF had heterotypic infections. Neut50 titres were found to be significantly higher for DENV1 than DENV2 (p = 0.0006) and DENV4 (p = 0.0127), in those with past DHF, whereas there was no significant difference seen in titres for different DENV serotypes in those with past DF. Overall NS1‐Ab to all serotypes and NS1‐specific IgG1 responses for DENV1, 2 and 4 serotypes were significantly higher in those with past DHF than individuals with past DF. Those with past DHF also had higher IgG1 than IgG3 for DENV1 and DENV3, whereas no differences were seen in those with past DF. Over 50% of those with past DF or DHF had NS1‐specific Bmem responses to >2 DENV serotypes. There was no difference in the frequency of Bmem responses to any of the DENV serotypes between individuals with past DF and DHF. Although the frequency of Bmem responses to DENV1 correlated with DENV1‐specific NS1‐Abs levels (Spearman r = 0.35, p = 0.02), there was no correlation with other DENV serotypes. We found that those with past DF had broadly cross‐reactive Nabs, while those with past DHF had higher NS1‐Ab responses possibly with a different functionality profile than those with past DF. Therefore, it would be important to further evaluate the functionality of NS1‐specific antibody and Bmem responses to find out the type of antibody repertoire that is associated with protection against severe disease.
Researching the level of agreement among experts on terms used to describe wounds: An international study
Authors: Greco Alessandro , Mastronicola Diego , Pacini Francesco , Giacomelli Luca , Papa Simonetta , Fiorentini Chiara , David Valentina , Rowan Sara , Mennini Natascia , Magnoni Cristina ,   the Wound Description Working Group
Published: April 2023

AbstractEstablishing a common language that allows univocal and objective communication in describing wounds and their healing is of utmost importance in defining the diagnostic hypothesis and proper wound management. To measure the level of agreement on the description of wounds, an international study was performed among experts of different professional backgrounds on several common terms used to describe ulcerative lesions. A panel of 27 wound care experts anonymously completed a multiple‐choice questionnaire on 100 images of 50 ulcerative lesions. The participants were asked to describe each image using a set of pre‐defined terms. An expert data analyst interpreted the questionnaires to map the level of agreement on the used terminology. Our findings show a very low level of agreement among experts in using the proposed terminology to describe the wound bed, the wound edge, and the surrounding skin conditions. Efforts should be planned to find a consensus on the correct use of terminology for wound description. To this aim, partnership, consensus, and agreement with educators in medicine and nursing are necessary.
Pubertal timing and adolescent outcomes: investigating explanations for associations with a genetically informed design
Authors: Padrutt Emily R. , Harper Jeremy , Schaefer Jonathan D. , Nelson Kayla M. , McGue Matt , Iacono William G. , Wilson Sylia 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPsychopathology and risky behaviors increase during adolescence, and understanding which adolescents are most at risk informs prevention and intervention efforts. Pubertal timing relative to same‐sex, same‐age peers is a known correlate of adolescent outcomes among both boys and girls. However, it remains unclear whether this relation is better explained by a plausible causal process or unobserved familial liability.MethodsWe extended previous research by examining associations between pubertal timing in early adolescence (age 14) and outcomes in later adolescence (age 17) in a community sample of 2,510 twins (49% boys, 51% girls).ResultsEarlier pubertal timing was associated with more substance use, risk behavior, internalizing and externalizing problems, and peer problems in later adolescence; these effects were small, consistent with previous literature. Follow‐up co‐twin control analyses indicated that within‐twin‐pair differences in pubertal timing were not associated with within‐twin‐pair differences in most adolescent outcomes after accounting for shared familial liability, suggesting that earlier pubertal timing and adolescent outcomes both reflect familial risk factors. Biometric models indicated that associations between earlier pubertal timing and negative adolescent outcomes were largely attributable to shared genetic liability.ConclusionsAlthough earlier pubertal timing was associated with negative adolescent outcomes, our results suggests that these associations did not appear to be caused by earlier pubertal timing but were likely caused by shared genetic influences.
Investigation of the association of weight loss with radiographic hip osteoarthritis in older community‐dwellingfemale adults
Authors: Salis Zubeyir , Lui Li‐Yung , Lane Nancy E. , Ensrud Kristine , Sainsbury Amanda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveMost guidelines recommending weight loss for hip osteoarthritis are based on research on knee osteoarthritis. Prior studies found no association between weight loss and hip osteoarthritis, but no previous studies have targeted older adults. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether there is any clear benefit of weight loss for radiographic hip osteoarthritis in older adults because weight loss is associated with health risks in older adults.MethodsWe used data from white female participants aged ≥65 years from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Our exposure of interest was weight change from baseline to follow‐up at 8 years. Our outcomes were the development of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) and the progression of RHOA over 8 years. Generalized estimating equations (clustering of 2 hips per participant) were used to investigate the association between exposure and outcomes adjusted for major covariates.ResultsThere was a total of 11,018 hips from 5509 participants. There was no associated benefit of weight loss for either of our outcomes. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the development and progression of RHOA were 0.99 (0.92–1.07) and 0.97 (0.86–1.09) for each 5% weight loss, respectively. The results were consistent in sensitivity analyses where participants were limited to those who reported trying to lose weight and who also had a body mass index in the overweight or obese range.ConclusionOur findings suggest no associated benefit of weight loss in older female adults in the structure of the hip joint as assessed by radiography.
Look at the elephant! Commentary on ‘Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in adult obstructive sleep apnoea patients: A cross‐sectional controlled study’
Authors: Capriotti Vincenzo , Nardone Massimiliano , Bernkopf Edoardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is complex. Research has shown controversial evidence. The recent study by Bartolucci et al. titled ‘Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in adult obstructive sleep apnoea patients: A cross‐sectional controlled study’ reported no clear associations between the two conditions. However, it does not take into account the occlusal and mandibular features of the patients, which may justify the hypothetical coexistence of OSA and TMD in a subset of cases. In this letter, we discuss these aspects and possible biases that could have impaired the results.
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from urinary isolates obtained from cats (2013‐2020)
Authors: Koontz Caitlan W. , Epstein Steven E. , Westropp Jodi L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundBacterial urinary tract infections have been associated with comorbidities and increased antimicrobial resistance over time.ObjectiveTo identify bacterial species, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and risk factors associated with antimicrobial resistance.AnimalsThree hundred sixty‐three positive urine cultures from 308 cats.MethodsBacterial species and antimicrobial susceptibility data from positive aerobic bacterial urine cultures from cats with growth of ≥103colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/ml) were included. Medical records were reviewed, and bacteriuria was classified as sporadic bacterial cystitis, recurrent bacterial cystitis or subclinical bacteriuria (SBU). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate antimicrobial resistance risk factors.ResultsA total of 444 bacterial isolates from 363 bacteriuric episodes were identified.Escherichia coli(52%) and SBU (59%) were the most common organism and classification, respectively. When compared to other classifications of bacteriuria,Enterococcusspp. were more likely to be isolated from SBU episodes (P < .001), whereasE. coliwas more likely to be isolated from sporadic bacterial cystitis episodes (P < .001). Recurrent bacterial cystitis was associated with an increased risk of antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3‐11.3). The percent susceptibilities of all bacterial isolates to commonly prescribed antimicrobials were amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (72%), cefazolin (49%), enrofloxacin (61%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (75%). Multidrug resistance was highest forEnterococcus faeciumisolates (65%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNo antimicrobial achieved >90% susceptible designation to all bacteria isolated highlighting the importance of performing urine culture and susceptibility testing, particularly for cats with recurrent bacterial cystitis.
Long‐term hypercaloric diet exacerbates metabolic liver disease in PNPLA3 I148M animals
Authors: Su Huan , Haque Madhuri , Becker Svea , Edlund Karolina , Duda Julia , Wang Qingbi , Reißing Johanna , Marschall Hanns‐Ulrich , Candels Lena S. , Mohamed Mohamed , Sjöland Wilhelm , Liao Lijun , Drexler Stephan A. , Strowig Till , Rahnenführer Jörg , Hengstler Jan G. , Hatting Maximilian , Trautwein Christian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health burden associated with the metabolic syndrome leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and ultimately liver cancer. In humans, the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism of the phospholipase patatin‐like phospholipid domain containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) has a well‐documented impact on metabolic liver disease. In this study, we used a mouse model mimicking the human PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism in a long‐term high fat diet (HFD) experiment to better define its role for NAFLD progression.MethodsMale mice bearing wild‐type Pnpla3 (Pnpla3WT), or the human polymorphism PNPLA3 I148M (Pnpla3148M/M) were subjected to HFD feeding for 24 and 52 weeks. Further analysis concerning basic phenotype, inflammation, proliferation and cell death, fibrosis and microbiota were performed in each time point.ResultsAfter 52 weeks HFD Pnpla3148M/M animals had more liver fibrosis, enhanced numbers of inflammatory cells as well as increased Kupffer cell activity. Increased hepatocyte cell turnover and ductular proliferation were evident in HFD Pnpla3148M/M livers. Microbiome diversity was decreased after HFD feeding, changes were influenced by HFD feeding (36%) and the PNPLA3 I148M genotype (12%). Pnpla3148M/M mice had more faecal bile acids. RNA‐sequencing of liver tissue defined an HFD‐associated signature, and a Pnpla3148M/M specific pattern, which suggests Kupffer cell and monocytes‐derived macrophages as significant drivers of liver disease progression in Pnpla3148M/M animals.ConclusionWith long‐term HFD feeding, mice with the PNPLA3 I148M genotype show exacerbated NAFLD. This finding is linked to PNPLA3 I148M‐specific changes in microbiota composition and liver gene expression showing a stronger inflammatory response leading to enhanced liver fibrosis progression.
An appraisal‐based examination of language teacher emotions in anxiety‐provoking classroom situations using vignette methodology
Authors: Goetze Julia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite emerging evidence for the link between teacher emotions and student outcomes, research on language teachers’ classroom emotions is still scarce. This study adopts a framework rooted in appraisal‐based emotion theory to explore the complexity of teachers’ emotional lives and the nature of language teacher emotions in the classroom, using anxiety as a starting point and drawing on vignette methodology for emotion elicitation. A total of 272 foreign and second language teachers from North America, Asia, and Europe completed an online version of the Foreign Language Teacher Emotion Questionnaire. Each teacher evaluated two vignettes of anxiety‐provoking classroom scenarios along six appraisal dimensions and reported their emotions. Results indicate great levels of emotional complexity, revealing both the frequent presence of multiple positive emotions and the rare experience of anxiety as the sole emotion in anxiety‐provoking classroom scenarios. At the same time, regression analyses found that anxiety's appraisal pattern explains between 16% and 48% of the variance in anxiety across all vignettes. Implications for adopting appraisal‐based emotion theories and vignette methodology in language teachers’ classroom emotion research in second language acquisition are discussed.
Biomechanical Analysis of Double‐Level Oblique Lumbar Fusion with Different Types of Fixation: A Finite Element‐Based Study
Authors: Fan Kaibin , Zhang Di , Xue Rui , Chen Wei , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze , Meng Xianzhong 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveOne well‐liked less invasive procedure is oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF). The biomechanical characteristics of double‐level oblique lumbar interbody fusion in conjunction with various internal fixations are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify the biomechanical characteristics of double‐level oblique lumbar interbody fusion for osteoporosis spines using various internal fixation techniques.MethodsBased on CT scans of healthy male volunteers, a complete finite element model of osteoporosis in L1–S1 was established. After validation, L3–L5 was selected as the surgical segment to construct four surgical models: (a) two stand‐alone cages (SA); (b) two cages with unilateral pedicle screws (UPS); (c) two cages with bilateral pedicle screws (BPS); and (d) two cages with bilateral cortical bone trajectory screws (CBT). Segmental range of motion (ROM), cage stress, and internal fixation stress were studied in all surgical models and compared with the intact osteoporosis model.ResultsThe SA model had a minimal reduction in all motions. The CBT model had the most noticeable reduction in flexion and extension activities, while the reduction in the BPS model was slightly less than that in the CBT model but larger than that in the UPS model. The BPS model had the greatest limitation in left–right bending and rotation, which was greater than the UPS and CBT models. CBT had the smallest limitation in left–right rotation. The cage stress of the SA model was the highest. The cage stress in the BPS model was the lowest. Compared with the UPS model, the cage stress in the CBT model was larger in terms of flexion and LB and LR but slightly smaller in terms of RB and RR. In the extension, the cage stress in the CBT model is significantly smaller than in the UPS model. The CBT internal fixation was subjected to the highest stress of all motions. The BPS group had the lowest internal fixation stress in all motions.ConclusionsSupplemental internal fixation can improve segmental stability and lessen cage stress in double‐level OLIF surgery. In limiting segmental mobility and lowering the stress of cage and internal fixation, BPS outperformed UPS and CBT.
Analgesic effects of intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine during robotic‐assisted surgery: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Engström Anders J. E. , Ivarsson Carina A. , Aldergård Åsa , Henningsson Ragnar N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLimited data exist concerning the management of postoperative pain after robotic‐assisted surgery. The present study was performed to investigate the efficacy of intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine to treat postoperative pain in adult women undergoing robot‐assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy.MethodsThe primary outcomes of this study were opioid consumption and pain scores during and after robotic surgery. 96 patients were prospectively enrolled and randomized to a nonspinal group (n = 48) and a spinal group (n = 48). The intrathecal regimen consisted of 100 μg morphine and 15 mg of bupivacaine. The numeric rating scale scores (NRS) were assessed every 15 min in the postoperative care unit (PACU) and pain was treated with iv fentanyl or morphine when NRS was above 5 and orally oxycodone when NRS was 3–5. Cumulative iv opioid‐consumption and NRS scores were compared.ResultsIntrathecal morphine and bupivacaine resulted in a significantly lower cumulative total iv opioid (morphine equivalents) consumption (9.4 ± 3.9 vs. 22.8 ± 6.1 mg equivalents). Highest recorded NRS scores in the PACU were also significantly lower in the spinal group (2.0 ± 2.6 vs. 5.3 ± 3.2).ConclusionIntrathecal morphine and bupivacaine to treat postoperative pain after robotic‐assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy decrease total opioid consumption and NRS pain scores. This might be of great importance to diminish the rate of other serious disadvantages related to opioids.