bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biophysical Dynamics at Ocean Fronts Revealed by Bio‐Argo Floats
Authors: McKee Darren C. , Doney Scott C. , Della Penna Alice , Boss Emmanuel S. , Gaube Peter , Behrenfeld Michael J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe straining regions of the ocean in between mesoscale eddies contain large vertical velocities that may be important in regulating phytoplankton accumulation rates. We analyze time series of variables measured by ocean Bio‐Argo floats (mixed layer depths [MLDs], chlorophyll, and carbon concentrations) in conjunction with variables derived from satellite altimetry (strain rates, Lyapunov exponents, vertical velocities) to determine the evolution of mixed layer phytoplankton biomass in response to straining by the mesoscale geostrophic flow. A Lagrangian (water parcel following) framework is justified by restricting the analysis to profiles whose value of a Quasi‐Planktonic Index—an index quantifying averaged distance between a float trajectory and a surface geostrophic trajectory over three consecutive time steps—is less than 5 km. Bin‐averaged Lagrangian derivatives of phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll concentration are positive for elevated strain rate and upwelling quasigeostrophic vertical velocities. Lagrangian derivatives of MLD and phytoplankton carbon averaged at straining fronts (in rotated along‐ and across‐front coordinates) have features in common with submesoscale dynamics, including increasing phytoplankton carbon (and chlorophyll) and a shoaling mixed layer over the front. To elucidate a mechanism, we average time derivatives of modeled cell division rates, finding the pattern approximately matches the pattern of phytoplankton accumulation rates and is controlled primarily by the term modulating light stress, suggesting that frontal dynamics cause accelerations of division rates by increasing available light. Regions of increasing chlorophyll are also approximately co‐located with upwelling quasigeostrophic velocity, suggesting non‐Lagrangian behavior of floats causes some imprint of larger scale, more persistent mesoscale signals.
Outcome prediction by the 2022 European LeukemiaNet genetic-risk classification for adults with acute myeloid leukemia: an Alliance study
Authors: Mrózek Krzysztof , Kohlschmidt Jessica , Blachly James S. , Nicolet Deedra , Carroll Andrew J. , Archer Kellie J. , Mims Alice S. , Larkin Karilyn T. , Orwick Shelley , Oakes Christopher C. , Kolitz Jonathan E. , Powell Bayard L. , Blum William G. , Marcucci Guido , Baer Maria R. , Uy Geoffrey L. , Stock Wendy , Byrd John C. , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecently, the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) revised its genetic-risk classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We categorized 1637 adults with AML treated with cytarabine/anthracycline regimens according to the 2022 and 2017 ELN classifications. Compared with the 2017 ELN classification, 2022 favorable group decreased from 40% to 35% and adverse group increased from 37% to 41% of patients. The 2022 genetic-risk groups seemed to accurately reflect treatment outcomes in all patients and patients aged <60 years, but in patients aged ≥60 years, relapse rates, disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival were not significantly different between intermediate and adverse groups. In younger African-American patients, DFS and OS did not differ between intermediate-risk and adverse-risk patients nor did DFS between favorable and intermediate groups. In Hispanic patients, DFS and OS did not differ between favorable and intermediate groups. Outcome prediction abilities of 2022 and 2017 ELN classifications were similar. Among favorable-risk patients, myelodysplasia-related mutations did not affect patients with CEBPAbZIP mutations or core-binding factor AML, but changed risk assignment of NPM1-mutated/FLT3-ITD-negative patients to intermediate. NPM1-mutated patients with adverse-risk cytogenetic abnormalities were closer prognostically to the intermediate than adverse group. Our analyses both confirm and challenge prognostic significance of some of the newly added markers.
Retinoid homeostasis in major depressive disorder
Authors: Otto Lisa Rebecca , Clemens Vera , Üsekes Berk , Cosma Nicoleta Carmen , Regen Francesca , Hellmann-Regen Julian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe small, hormone-like molecule retinoic acid (RA) is a vital regulator in several neurobiological processes that are affected in depression. Next to its involvement in dopaminergic signal transduction, neuroinflammation, and neuroendocrine regulation, recent studies highlight the role of RA in homeostatic synaptic plasticity and its link to neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, experimental studies and epidemiological evidence point to the dysregulation of retinoid homeostasis in depression. Based on this evidence, the present study investigated the putative link between retinoid homeostasis and depression in a cohort of 109 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. Retinoid homeostasis was defined by several parameters. Serum concentrations of the biologically most active Vitamin A metabolite, all-trans RA (at-RA), and its precursor retinol (ROL) were quantified and the individual in vitro at-RA synthesis and degradation activity was assessed in microsomes of peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC). Additionally, the mRNA expression of enzymes relevant to retinoid signaling, transport, and metabolism were assessed. Patients with MDD had significantly higher ROL serum levels and greater at-RA synthesis activity than healthy controls providing evidence of altered retinoid homeostasis in MDD. Furthermore, MDD-associated alterations in retinoid homeostasis differed between men and women. This study is the first to investigate peripheral retinoid homeostasis in a well-matched cohort of MDD patients and healthy controls, complementing a wealth of preclinical and epidemiological findings that point to a central role of the retinoid system in depression.
The HLA ligandome of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas reveals shared tumour-exclusive peptides for semi-personalised vaccination
Authors: Mühlenbruch Lena , Abou-Kors Tsima , Dubbelaar Marissa L. , Bichmann Leon , Kohlbacher Oliver , Bens Martin , Thomas Jaya , Ezić Jasmin , Kraus Johann M. , Kestler Hans A. , von Witzleben Adrian , Mytilineos Joannis , Fürst Daniel , Engelhardt Daphne , Doescher Johannes , Greve Jens , Schuler Patrick J. , Theodoraki Marie-Nicole , Brunner Cornelia , Hoffmann Thomas K. , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Walz Juliane S. , Laban Simon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The immune peptidome of OPSCC has not previously been studied. Cancer-antigen specific vaccination may improve clinical outcome and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD1/PD-L1 antibodies.

Methods
Mapping of the OPSCC HLA ligandome was performed by mass spectrometry (MS) based analysis of naturally presented HLA ligands isolated from tumour tissue samples (n = 40) using immunoaffinity purification. The cohort included 22 HPV-positive (primarily HPV-16) and 18 HPV-negative samples. A benign reference dataset comprised of the HLA ligandomes of benign haematological and tissue datasets was used to identify tumour-associated antigens.

Results
MS analysis led to the identification of naturally HLA-presented peptides in OPSCC tumour tissue. In total, 22,769 peptides from 9485 source proteins were detected on HLA class I. For HLA class II, 15,203 peptides from 4634 source proteins were discovered. By comparative profiling against the benign HLA ligandomic datasets, 29 OPSCC-associated HLA class I ligands covering 11 different HLA allotypes and nine HLA class II ligands were selected to create a peptide warehouse.

Conclusion
Tumour-associated peptides are HLA-presented on the cell surfaces of OPSCCs. The established warehouse of OPSCC-associated peptides can be used for downstream immunogenicity testing and peptide-based immunotherapy in (semi)personalised strategies.
Snake venom-defined fibrin architecture dictates fibroblast survival and differentiation
Authors: Wang Zhao , Lauko Jan , Kijas Amanda W. , Gilbert Elliot P. , Turunen Petri , Yegappan Ramanathan , Zou Dongxiu , Mata Jitendra , Rowan Alan E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFibrin is the provisional matrix formed after injury, setting the trajectory for the subsequent stages of wound healing. It is commonly used as a wound sealant and a natural hydrogel for three-dimensional (3D) biophysical studies. However, the traditional thrombin-driven fibrin systems are poorly controlled. Therefore, the precise roles of fibrin’s biophysical properties on fibroblast functions, which underlie healing outcomes, are unknown. Here, we establish a snake venom-controlled fibrin system with precisely and independently tuned architectural and mechanical properties. Employing this defined system, we show that fibrin architecture influences fibroblast survival, spreading phenotype, and differentiation. A fine fibrin architecture is a key prerequisite for fibroblast differentiation, while a coarse architecture induces cell loss and disengages fibroblast’s sensitivity towards TGF-β1. Our results demonstrate that snake venom-controlled fibrin can precisely control fibroblast differentiation. Applying these biophysical principles to fibrin sealants has translational significance in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Tetraspanin 4 stabilizes membrane swellings and facilitates their maturation into migrasomes
Authors: Dharan Raviv , Huang Yuwei , Cheppali Sudheer Kumar , Goren Shahar , Shendrik Petr , Wang Weisi , Qiao Jiamei , Kozlov Michael M. , Yu Li , Sorkin Raya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMigrasomes are newly discovered cell organelles forming by local swelling of retraction fibers. The migrasome formation critically depends on tetraspanin proteins present in the retraction fiber membranes and is modulated by the membrane tension and bending rigidity. It remained unknown how and in which time sequence these factors are involved in migrasome nucleation, growth, and stabilization, and what are the possible intermediate stages of migrasome biogenesis. Here using live cell imaging and a biomimetic system for migrasomes and retraction fibers, we reveal that migrasome formation is a two-stage process. At the first stage, which in biomimetic system is mediated by membrane tension, local swellings largely devoid of tetraspanin 4 form on the retraction fibers. At the second stage, tetraspanin 4 molecules migrate toward and onto these swellings, which grow up to several microns in size and transform into migrasomes. This tetraspanin 4 recruitment to the swellings is essential for migrasome growth and stabilization. Based on these findings we propose that the major role of tetraspanin proteins is in stabilizing the migrasome structure, while the migrasome nucleation and initial growth stages can be driven by membrane mechanical stresses.
Twisted bilayer zigzag-graphene nanoribbon junctions with tunable edge states
Authors: Wang Dongfei , Bao De-Liang , Zheng Qi , Wang Chang-Tian , Wang Shiyong , Fan Peng , Mishra Shantanu , Tao Lei , Xiao Yao , Huang Li , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus , Zhang Yu-Yang , Fasel Roman , Ruffieux Pascal , Du Shixuan , Gao Hong-Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStacking two-dimensional layered materials such as graphene and transitional metal dichalcogenides with nonzero interlayer twist angles has recently become attractive because of the emergence of novel physical properties. Stacking of one-dimensional nanomaterials offers the lateral stacking offset as an additional parameter for modulating the resulting material properties. Here, we report that the edge states of twisted bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbons (TBZGNRs) can be tuned with both the twist angle and the stacking offset. Strong edge state variations in the stacking region are first revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We construct and characterize twisted bilayer zigzag graphene nanoribbon (TBZGNR) systems on a Au(111) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy. A detailed analysis of three prototypical orthogonal TBZGNR junctions exhibiting different stacking offsets by means of scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals emergent near-zero-energy states. From a comparison with DFT calculations, we conclude that the emergent edge states originate from the formation of flat bands whose energy and spin degeneracy are highly tunable with the stacking offset. Our work highlights fundamental differences between 2D and 1D twistronics and spurs further investigation of twisted one-dimensional systems.
Negative-mass exciton polaritons induced by dissipative light-matter coupling in an atomically thin semiconductor
Authors: Wurdack M. , Yun T. , Katzer M. , Truscott A. G. , Knorr A. , Selig M. , Ostrovskaya E. A. , Estrecho E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDispersion engineering is a powerful and versatile tool that can vary the speed of light signals and induce negative-mass effects in the dynamics of particles and quasiparticles. Here, we show that dissipative coupling between bound electron-hole pairs (excitons) and photons in an optical microcavity can lead to the formation of exciton polaritons with an inverted dispersion of the lower polariton branch and hence, a negative mass. We perform direct measurements of the anomalous dispersion in atomically thin (monolayer) WS2 crystals embedded in planar microcavities and demonstrate that the propagation direction of the negative-mass polaritons is opposite to their momentum. Our study introduces the concept of non-Hermitian dispersion engineering for exciton polaritons and opens a pathway for realising new phases of quantum matter in a solid state.
Metallic glass-based triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Xia Xin , Zhou Ziqing , Shang Yinghui , Yang Yong , Zi Yunlong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSurface wear is a major hindrance in the solid/solid interface of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), severely affecting their output performance and stability. To reduce the mechanical input and surface wear, solid/liquid-interface alternatives have been investigated; however, charge generation capability is still lower than that in previously reported solid/solid-interface TENGs. Thus, achieving triboelectric interface with high surface charge generation capability and low surface wear remains a technological challenge. Here, we employ metallic glass as one triboelectric interface and show it can enhance the triboelectrification efficiency by up to 339.2%, with improved output performance. Through mechanical and electrical characterizations, we show that metallic glass presents a lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance, as compared with copper. Attributed to their low atomic density and the absence of grain boundaries, all samples show a higher triboelectrification efficiency than copper. Additionally, the devices demonstrate excellent humidity resistance. Under different gas pressures, we also show that metallic glass-based triboelectric nanogenerators can approach the theoretical limit of charge generation, exceeding that of Cu-based TENG by 35.2%. A peak power density of 15 MW·m-2 is achieved. In short, this work demonstrates a humidity- and wear-resistant metallic glass-based TENG with high triboelectrification efficiency.
The cytomegalovirus gB/MF59 vaccine candidate induces antibodies against an antigenic domain controlling cell-to-cell spread
Authors: Gomes A. C. , Baraniak I. A. , Lankina A. , Moulder Z. , Holenya P. , Atkinson C. , Tang G. , Mahungu T. , Kern F. , Griffiths P. D. , Reeves M. B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVaccination against human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains high priority. A recombinant form of a protein essential for CMV entry, glycoprotein B (gB), demonstrated partial protection in a clinical trial (NCT00299260) when delivered with the MF59 adjuvant. Although the antibody titre against gB correlated with protection poor neutralising responses against the 5 known antigenic domains (AD) of gB were evident. Here, we show that vaccination of CMV seronegative patients induces an antibody response against a region of gB we term AD-6. Responses to the polypeptide AD-6 are detected in >70% of vaccine recipients yet in <5% of naturally infected people. An AD-6 antibody binds to gB and to infected cells but not the virion directly. Consistent with this, the AD-6 antibody is non-neutralising but, instead, prevents cell-cell spread of CMV in vitro. The discovery of AD-6 responses has the potential to explain part of the protection mediated by gB vaccines against CMV following transplantation.
Spatial transcriptomics reveals niche-specific enrichment and vulnerabilities of radial glial stem-like cells in malignant gliomas
Authors: Ren Yanming , Huang Zongyao , Zhou Lingling , Xiao Peng , Song Junwei , He Ping , Xie Chuanxing , Zhou Ran , Li Menghan , Dong Xiangqun , Mao Qing , You Chao , Xu Jianguo , Liu Yanhui , Lan Zhigang , Zhang Tiejun , Gan Qi , Yang Yuan , Chen Tengyun , Huang Bowen , Yang Xiang , Xiao Anqi , Ou Yun , Su Zhengzheng , Chen Lu , Zhang Yan , Ju Yan , Zhang Yuekang , Wang Yuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiffuse midline glioma-H3K27M mutant (DMG) and glioblastoma (GBM) are the most lethal brain tumors that primarily occur in pediatric and adult patients, respectively. Both tumors exhibit significant heterogeneity, shaped by distinct genetic/epigenetic drivers, transcriptional programs including RNA splicing, and microenvironmental cues in glioma niches. However, the spatial organization of cellular states and niche-specific regulatory programs remain to be investigated. Here, we perform a spatial profiling of DMG and GBM combining short- and long-read spatial transcriptomics, and single-cell transcriptomic datasets. We identify clinically relevant transcriptional programs, RNA isoform diversity, and multi-cellular ecosystems across different glioma niches. We find that while the tumor core enriches for oligodendrocyte precursor-like cells, radial glial stem-like (RG-like) cells are enriched in the neuron-rich invasive niche in both DMG and GBM. Further, we identify niche-specific regulatory programs for RG-like cells, and functionally confirm that FAM20C mediates invasive growth of RG-like cells in a neuron-rich microenvironment in a human neural stem cell derived orthotopic DMG model. Together, our results provide a blueprint for understanding the spatial architecture and niche-specific vulnerabilities of DMG and GBM.
Wafer-scale and universal van der Waals metal semiconductor contact
Authors: Kong Lingan , Wu Ruixia , Chen Yang , Huangfu Ying , Liu Liting , Li Wei , Lu Donglin , Tao Quanyang , Song Wenjing , Li Wanying , Lu Zheyi , Liu Xiao , Li Yunxin , Li Zhiwei , Tong Wei , Ding Shuimei , Liu Songlong , Ma Likuan , Ren Liwang , Wang Yiliu , Liao Lei , Duan Xidong , Liu Yuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) metallic contacts have been demonstrated as a promising approach to reduce the contact resistance and minimize the Fermi level pinning at the interface of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. However, only a limited number of metals can be mechanically peeled and laminated to fabricate vdW contacts, and the required manual transfer process is not scalable. Here, we report a wafer-scale and universal vdW metal integration strategy readily applicable to a wide range of metals and semiconductors. By utilizing a thermally decomposable polymer as the buffer layer, different metals were directly deposited without damaging the underlying 2D semiconductor channels. The polymer buffer could be dry-removed through thermal annealing. With this technique, various metals could be vdW integrated as the contact of 2D transistors, including Ag, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Au, Pd. Finally, we demonstrate that this vdW integration strategy can be extended to bulk semiconductors with reduced Fermi level pinning effect.
Emergence of high piezoelectricity from competing local polar order-disorder in relaxor ferroelectrics
Authors: Liu Hui , Shi Xiaoming , Yao Yonghao , Luo Huajie , Li Qiang , Huang Houbing , Qi He , Zhang Yuanpeng , Ren Yang , Kelly Shelly D. , Roleder Krystian , Neuefeind Joerg C. , Chen Long-Qing , Xing Xianran , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRelaxor ferroelectrics are known for outstanding piezoelectric properties, finding a broad range of applications in advanced electromechanical devices. Decoding the origins of the enhanced properties, however, have long been complicated by the heterogeneous local structures. Here, we employ the advanced big-box refinement method by fitting neutron-, X-ray-based total scattering, and X-ray absorption spectrum simultaneously, to extract local atomic polar displacements and construct 3D polar configurations in the classical relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3. Our results demonstrate that prevailing order-disorder character accompanied by the continuous rotation of local polar displacements commands the composition-driven global structure evolution. The omnidirectional local polar disordering appears as an indication of macroscopic relaxor characteristics. Combined with phase-field simulations, it demonstrates that the competing local polar order-disorder between different states with balanced local polar length and direction randomness leads to a flattening free-energy profile over a wide polar length, thus giving rise to high piezoelectricity. Our work clarifies that the critical structural feature required for high piezoelectricity is the competition states of local polar rather than relaxor.
Electrohydrodynamic atomization of CNT on PTFE membrane for scaling resistant membranes in membrane distillation
Authors: Francis Lijo , Hilal Nidal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, an electrohydrodynamic atomization or electrospraying technique is used for the uniform deposition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) on a commercially available PTFE membrane and employed for Membrane Distillation (MD) process. Modified PTFE-CNT membrane was characterized for water contact angle, liquid entry pressure (LEP), pore size distribution, and surface morphology. The electrospray coating of CNT on the PTFE membrane enhances the turbulence and thereby the temperature polarization coefficient (TPC). The pore size of the micropatterned PTFE-CNT membrane has been reduced and pore size distribution has been narrowed compared to the PTFE membrane. Field-effect scanning electron microscopy images of the membranes were observed before and after the MD process. Functionally graded PTFE-CNT membrane showed superior desalination performance compared to the PTFE membrane with less amount of cake layer formation on the membrane surface. Water vapor flux remained constant during 24-h continuous MD process operation with 99.99% rejection of inorganic salts.
Cross-national analysis of attitudes towards fossil fuel subsidy removal
Authors: Harring Niklas , Jönsson Erik , Matti Simon , Mundaca Gabriela , Jagers Sverker C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn 2021, governments of 51 countries spent US$697 billion on subsidizing fossil fuels. Removing fossil fuel subsidies is crucial not only for reducing CO2 emissions and making carbon pricing more effective, but also for making more valuable use of government funds. Currently, however, scientific evidence on the scale and scope of public attitudes towards fossil fuel subsidy-removal policies is lacking, yet it is instrumental for gauging political feasibility. Furthermore, previous studies tend to focus on carbon pricing in the developed world only. Here we present a comparative analysis of attitudes towards both carbon taxation and fossil fuel subsidy removal, focusing on five developing countries across four continents. It is found that (1) removing fossil fuel subsidies is not more undesirable than introducing carbon taxation and (2) the public has more-positive attitudes towards subsidy removal if optimal use of the saved fiscal revenues is specified.