bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary fatty acids and mortality risk from heart disease in US adults: an analysis based on NHANES
Authors: Wang Yutang , Fang Yan , Witting Paul K. , Charchar Fadi J. , Sobey Christopher G. , Drummond Grant R. , Golledge Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigated the association of dietary intake of major types of fatty acids with heart disease mortality in a general adult cohort with or without a prior diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). This cohort study included US adults who attended the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2014. Heart disease mortality was ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records through 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of fatty acid intake for heart disease mortality. This cohort included 45,820 adults among which 1,541 had a prior diagnosis of MI. Participants were followed up for 532,722 person-years (mean follow-up, 11.6 years), with 2,313 deaths recorded from heart disease being recorded. Intake of saturated (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) was associated with heart disease mortality after adjustment for all the tested confounders. In contrast, a 5% higher calorie intake from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was associated with a 9% (HR, 0.91; 95% CI 0.83–1.00; P = 0.048) lower multivariate-adjusted risk of heart disease mortality. Sub-analyses showed that this inverse association was present in those without a prior diagnosis of MI (HR,0.89; 95% CI 0.80–0.99) but not in those with the condition (HR, 0.94; 95% CI 0.75–1.16). The lack of association in the MI group could be due to a small sample size or severity and procedural complications (e.g., stenting and medication adherence) of the disease. Higher PUFA intake was associated with a favourable lipid profile. However, further adjustment for plasma lipids did not materially change the inverse association between PUFAs and heart disease mortality. Higher intake of PUFAs, but not SFAs and MUFAs, was associated with a lower adjusted risk of heart disease mortality in a large population of US adults supporting the need to increase dietary PUFA intake in the general public.
Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra CT value provides a rapid measure of sputum bacillary burden and predicts smear status in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Martin-Higuera M. C. , Rivas G. , Rolo M. , Muñoz-Gallego I. , Lopez-Roa Paula 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTraditionally, smear microscopy has been used to estimate bacillary burden in order to assess infectiousness in tuberculosis (TB) patients. Since Xpert MTB assays might replace smear microscopy as the first-line diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis, an alternative measure of bacillary load that correlates with smear positivity is needed. This study assessed the correlation between CT (with and without normalization), smear status, culture time-to-positivity (TTP), and clinical factors in patients with Xpert ultra positive sputum during a four-year period. A cut-off CT value for smear positivity was also estimated. 204 samples were included. Strong correlation between both Xpert Ultra CT values (raw and normalized) and smear status was obtained (r = 0.78 and − 0.79, respectively). The association between Raw-CT and TTP was weaker than normalized-CT (N-CT) and TTP (r = 0.50 and r = − 0.70, respectively). A Raw-CT cut-off value of 21.4 was identified with 85.7% (95% CI 65.4–95) sensitivity and 92.9% (95% CI 84.3–96.9) specificity. A N-CT cut-off value of 5.2 yielded a sensitivity of 94.3% (95% CI 86.2–97.8) and specificity of 85.7% (95% CI 65.4–95). Our study demonstrates that Xpert Ultra CT value correlates well with other measures of bacillary load such as smear status or TTP. The correlation with TTP is stronger when the CT value is normalized using the internal control. The proposed N-CT cut-off value of 5.2 shows a better sensitivity than the Raw-CT when predicting smear positive status.
Sustaining a network by controlling a fraction of nodes
Authors: Sanhedrai Hillel , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMulti-stability is a widely observed phenomenon in real complex networked systems, such as technological infrastructures, ecological systems, gene regulation, transportation and more. Thus, even if the system is at equilibrium in a normal functional state, there might exist also a potential stable state having abnormal activity, into which the system might transition due to an external perturbation. Such a system can be regarded as unsustainable, due to the danger of falling into the potential undesired abnormal state. Here we explore, analytically and via simulations, how supporting the activity of a small fraction of nodes can turn an unsustainable system to become sustainable by eliminating the undesired potential stable state. We unveil a sustaining phase diagram in the presence of a fraction of controlled nodes. This phase diagram could provide how many controlled nodes are required for sustaining a given network as well as how strong the connectivity of the network should be for a given fraction of controllable nodes.
A general urban spreading pattern of COVID-19 and its underlying mechanism
Authors: Zhang Hongshen , Zhang Yongtao , He Shibo , Fang Yi , Cheng Yanggang , Shi Zhiguo , Shao Cunqi , Li Chao , Ying Songmin , Gong Zhenyu , Liu Yu , Dong Lin , Sun Youxian , Jia Jianmin , Stanley H. Eugene , Chen Jiming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCurrently, the global situation of COVID-19 is aggravating, pressingly calling for efficient control and prevention measures. Understanding the spreading pattern of COVID-19 has been widely recognized as a vital step for implementing non-pharmaceutical measures. Previous studies explained the differences in contagion rates due to the urban socio-political measures, while fine-grained geographic urban spreading pattern still remains an open issue. Here, we fill this gap by leveraging the trajectory data of 197,808 smartphone users (including 17,808 anonymous confirmed cases) in nine cities in China. We find a general spreading pattern in all cities: the spatial distribution of confirmed cases follows a power-law-like model and the spreading centroid human mobility is time-invariant. Moreover, we reveal that long average traveling distance results in a high growth rate of spreading radius and wide spatial diffusion of confirmed cases in the fine-grained geographic model. With such insight, we adopt the Kendall model to simulate the urban spreading of COVID-19 which can well fit the real spreading process. Our results unveil the underlying mechanism behind the spatial-temporal urban evolution of COVID-19, and can be used to evaluate the performance of mobility restriction policies implemented by many governments and to estimate the evolving spreading situation of COVID-19.
Site-directed Chemical Modification of Phage Particles
Authors: Saleh Lana , Noren Christopher J. 
Published: January 2023

The ability to chemically modify the surface of bacteriophage bypasses the functional limitations imposed by the standard biosynthetically incorporated amino acids that comprise the phage coat. Appended functionalities can include fluorescent or other reporter groups, inorganic materials, cytotoxic agents, and pharmacophores. Applications include incorporating the modification in the context of a displayed random peptide library prior to panning as a route to chimeric semisynthetic peptide ligands, use of phage as a template for construction of novel nanomaterials, direct mechanical manipulation of phage, use of phage particles as medical imaging reagents, and catalysis-based screening for novel enzyme activities.
Site-specific modification of phage in the context of the forest of competing functional groups that make up the phage coat requires a uniquely reactive chemical group specifically placed in the coat protein. The so-called “21st amino acid” selenocysteine (Sec) is found in all three kingdoms of life and is co-translationally incorporated via a context-dependent opal suppression mechanism. The lower pKa of Sec (5.2 vs. 8.3 for cysteine) permits modification by direct nucleophilic substitution at low pH values, where other nucleophilic amino acids are essentially unreactive. Incorporation of Sec-insertion signals into the phage coat protein gene gIII results in quantitative site-specific incorporation of Sec, which can, in principle, be modified with any novel chemical group. The use of phage-displayed selenopeptides for chimeric library screening, enzyme evolution, and direct mechanical manipulation of phage will be discussed in this chapter.
Effect of the Pendular State on the Collapse of Granular Columns
Authors: Artoni R. , Gabrieli F. , Santomaso A. , Cola S. 
Published: January 2023

Granular materials exhibit special phase transitions between different mechanical states. They behave like solids or fluids when particular conditions occur. Generally, the presence of water in the granular medium greatly affects mechanical stability, as well as jamming and blockage in dynamic phenomena, even in very small amounts. In this work the triggering and the stopping of flow was studied with regards to granular column collapse experiments. Glass beads of different grain-size were mixed with liquids of different surface tension values. The amount of liquid was varied from 0 to 5% in order to maintain the pendular state. The material was first poured in a rectangular box and then allowed to flow by removing a lateral wall. The movement of the mass was captured by a high-speed CCD camera. Repose angles, run-out and slope height were measured in order to explore the effect of the different initial dry and wet conditions on the profile evolution.
DEM numerical simulations were also carried out in a 1:1 scale reproducing the same experimental configuration and conditions. The classical Discrete Element model with spring dashpot at the normal contact was coupled with a capillary attraction force based on the minimum energy approach. Using DEM, the effect of liquid content and liquid surface tension were also evaluated. A good agreement between experiments and DEM simulations was found with respect to the kinematic and the final slope profile. In particular, both the techniques highlight the effect of the liquid that reduces the run-out distance and time even for small liquid contents. This work demonstrates the suitability of the DEM approach for the study of wet granular materials in static as well as in dynamic conditions.
Anti-tumor effect of infant-derived Enterococcus via the inhibition of proliferation and inflammation as well as the promotion of apoptosis
Authors: Yang Qin , He Yao , Tian Linlin , Zhang Zhihong , Qiu Liang , Tao Xueying , Wei Hua 
Published: January 2023

The oral administration of E. faecium WEFA23 effectively inhibited melanoma growth by inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and inhibiting tumor inflammation in mice.
Waterfall: Gozalandia. Distributed protocol with fast finality and proven safety and liveness
Authors: Grybniak Sergii , Leonchyk Yevhen , Mazurok Igor , Nashyvan Oleksandr , Shanin Ruslan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA consensus protocol is a crucial mechanism of distributed networks by which nodes can coordinate their actions and the current state of data. This article describes a BlockDAG consensus algorithm based on the Proof of Stake approach. The protocol provides network participants with cross‐voting for the order of blocks, which, in the case of a fair vote, guarantees a quick consensus. Under conditions of dishonest behavior, cross‐voting ensures that violations will be quickly detected. In addition, the protocol assumes the existence of a Coordinating network containing information about the approved ordering, which qualitatively increases security and also serves to improve network synchronization.
Motion optimization for safe robot–environment interaction with force constraints
Authors: Guo Yi , Huang Haohui , Guan Xinping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutonomous robotics working in the uncertain environment have drawn increasing interests from researchers. Here, an issue of online motion optimization under unknown environment is considered while preserving the safety and improving the flexible manoeuvrability of robot–environment interaction. This problem is addressed by improving the conventional dynamic movement primitives (DMPs) framework with force tracking constraints. First, an initial motion is learned through the DMPs. At the stage of skill generalization, a temporal coupling term combining with force constraints scheme which is inspired by the barrier Lyapunov function and finite‐time prescribed performance is deduced and adds to the original DMPs, so as to remain the contacting force staying within a predefined limit while aligning the motion along with surface of unknown environment adaptively. In this way, not only the contacting force can be guaranteed within a safe margin, but the shape of generalizing motion is preserved. Then the convergence and stability of the proposed DMPs are proved which is grounded on Laplace transformation‐based stability analysis to ensure the performance and safety. Finally, the proposed method is instantiated combined with conventional PID controller through the compared simulations to verify its effectiveness.
An efficient two‐stage algorithm for parameter identification of non‐linear state‐space models‐based on Gaussian process regression
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Ma Ping , Wu Zehua , Chao Tao , Yang Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to improve the efficiency of parameter identification of the nonlinear state‐space model (SSM). The commonly used particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (PMCMC) method is time‐consuming. The surrogate model is a useful acceleration strategy, but it is expensive to establish a global high‐precision surrogate model. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm that gradually estimates the unknown parameters in two stages. In the first stage, a reduced region is established based on the latest method. We train a local Gaussian Process regression (GPR) of the likelihood function in the reduced region based on the optimum Latin hypercube design (OLHD). In the second stage, we identify the unknown parameters more accurately based on the MCMC method. When the proposal sample is in the reduced region, we use GPR to estimate the likelihood; otherwise, BPF is used to estimate the likelihood. The reduced region is usually the high probability density region, which is why the algorithm is efficient. It is proved that the acceptance rate of any two samples based on the proposed algorithm is theoretically convergent to that of the PMCMC algorithm. Two examples demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in accuracy and efficiency.
Operation and coordination control scheme of an enhanced AC–DC hybrid microgrid under abnormal distribution network
Authors: Du Yi , Sun Huadong , Zheng Chao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConsidering that the AC–DC hybrid microgrid (HMG) is connected to the low‐voltage distribution network (DN) where voltage faults occur most commonly, the fault ride‐through (FRT) capability and power quality performance of the HMG under abnormal DN conditions have become a critical issue. In this paper, a decentralized coordination control scheme based on an improved topology is proposed for the grid‐interactive HMG to guarantee uninterrupted and high power‐quality operation during grid faults. The method of it includes: (1) a new HMG topology is presented by adding a series transformer (ST), which is inserted between the DN and HMG; (2) an improved coordination control strategy that considers the interaction between converters of the enhanced HMG. Based on the proposed method, the operation modes of the system are introduced, and the specific design process and small‐signal model analysis of the proposed control scheme are presented. Finally, the simulated and experimental results show that the proposed method can keep both AC and DC bus voltage stable and improve the fault ride‐through capability and power quality of the HMG under abnormal DN conditions.
Retracted: Smart optimal path with blockchain modelling in internet of things using enhanced K‐means clustering and advance encryption standard
Authors: Ismael Imran Inas , Mohammed Jameel Shymaa , Adnan Jaleel Refed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRetraction: [Inas Ismael Imran, Shymaa Mohammed Jameel, Refed Adnan Jaleel, Smart optimal path with blockchain modelling in internet of things using enhanced K‐means clustering and advance encryption standard, IET Software 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12095)].The above article from IET Software, published online on 28 January 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Hana Chockler, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
Understanding the TeV γ-ray emission surrounding the young massive star cluster Westerlund 1
Authors: Härer Lucia K. , Reville Brian , Hinton Jim , Mohrmann Lars , Vieu Thibault 
Published: January 2023

Context. Young massive star clusters (YMCs) have increasingly become the focus of discussions on the origin of galactic cosmic rays (CRs). The proposition that CRs are accelerated inside superbubbles (SBs) blown by the strong winds of these clusters avoids issues faced by the standard paradigm of acceleration at supernova remnant shocks.
Aims. We provide an interpretation of the latest TeV γ-ray observations of the region around the YMC Westerlund 1 taken with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in terms of diffusive shock acceleration at the cluster wind termination shock, taking the spectrum and morphology of the emission into account. As Westerlund 1 is a prototypical example of a YMC, this study is relevant to the general question about the role of YMCs for the Galactic CR population.
Methods. We generated model γ-ray spectra, characterised particle propagation inside the SB based on the advection, diffusion, and cooling timescales, and constrained key parameters of the system. We considered hadronic emission from proton-proton interaction and subsequent pion decay and leptonic emission from inverse Compton scattering on all relevant photon fields, including the cosmic microwave background, diffuse and dust-scattered starlight, and the photon field of Westerlund 1 itself. The effect of the magnetic field on cooling and propagation is discussed. Klein-Nishina effects are found to be important in determining the spectral evolution of the electron population.
Results. A leptonic origin of the bulk of the observed γ-rays is preferable. The model is energetically plausible, consistent with the presence of a strong shock, and allows for the observed energy-independent morphology. The hadronic model faces two main issues: confinement of particles to the emission region, and an unrealistic energy requirement.
Besteht der Bedarf zur Gründung einer Nachwuchsorganisation „Young DGN“ innerhalb der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin (DGN)? Ergebnisse einer webbasierten Umfrage in der deutschen Nuklearmedizin 2021/2022
Authors: Sahin Yasemin Aylin , Eilsberger Friederike , Einspänner Eric , Kunz Johannes , Spreckelmeyer Sarah , Luster Markus , Brenner Winfried , Kläsner Benjamin , Holzgreve Adrien 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel In zahlreichen medizinischen Fachgesellschaften bilden
dedizierte Nachwuchsorganisationen eine wichtige Grundlage der Nachwuchsarbeit. In der
Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin (DGN) war eine derartige Nachwuchsorganisation
bisher nicht vorhanden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher eine Bedarfserhebung unter allen
nuklearmedizinischen Berufsgruppen in Deutschland hinsichtlich Gründung und möglicher
Ausgestaltung einer Nachwuchsorganisation der DGN („Young DGN“).
Methoden Es wurde von einer seitens der DGN beauftragten
Initiativgruppe aus jungen DGN-Mitgliedern ein Fragebogen mit 18 Fragen entwickelt. Der
Fragebogen wurde zunächst als PDF am 10.12.2021 per E-Mail an die Mitglieder des
DGN-Hochschulausschusses verschickt. Als Online-Survey wurde der Fragbogen dann zu 4 weiteren
Zeitpunkten zwischen dem 23.12.2021 und dem 18.03.2022 per E-Mail über den DGN-eBrief und am
23.02.2022 per E-Mail über den Verteiler des Berufsverbandes Deutscher Nuklearmediziner (BDN)
verschickt.
Ergebnis Die Umfrage schloss am 31.03.2022 mit 111 Antworten (104
Online-Surveys, 7 PDF). Der Altersmedian der Teilnehmenden lag bei 32,5 Jahren (20–80 Jahre).
86% der Teilnehmenden gaben an, Interesse an einer Young DGN zu haben, wovon 67% zu einer
aktiven Mitarbeit bereit waren. 79% gaben an, dass die Nuklearmedizin für sie ein spannendes
Fach sei. 96% äußerten Interesse an Fortbildungsprogrammen, 60% an einem Mentoring-Programm.
75% denken, dass eine Young DGN die Sichtbarkeit des Faches verbessern könnte.
Schlussfolgerung Die Gründung einer Nachwuchsorganisation „Young
DGN“ findet großen Anklang unter den nuklearmedizinischen Berufsgruppen in Deutschland. Ein
Großteil der Umfrageteilnehmenden kann sich vorstellen, an dieser mitzuwirken. Besonderer
Konsens fand sich bei dem Wunsch nach einer Ausweitung des Fortbildungsangebotes.
Shear Wave Elastography in Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types 2 and 3
Authors: Karacabey Burçin Nazlı , Bayramoğlu Zuhal , Coşkun Orhan , Sarı Zeynep Nur Akyol , Özkan Melis Ulak , Yıldız Edibe Pembegül , Aydınlı Nur , Çalışkan Mine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate selective muscle involvement by shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) types 2 and 3 and to compare SWE values with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in demonstrating muscle involvement.
Methods Seventeen patients with SMA types 2 and3 were included in the study. SWE was used to evaluate stiffness of the upper and lower extremities and paraspinal muscles. Involvement of the paraspinal muscles was evaluated using 1.5-T MRI.
Results Among the upper extremity muscles, SWE values were the highest for the triceps brachii; however, no significant difference was noted (p = 0.23). In post hoc analysis, a significant difference was observed between triceps brachii and biceps brachii (p = 0.003). Patients with a longer disease duration have the highest SWE values for the triceps brachii (r = 0.67, p = 0.003). Among the lower extremity muscles, SWE values for the iliopsoas were significantly higher than the gluteus maximus (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between SWE values and MRI scores of paraspinal muscles (r = 0.49, p = 0.045; r = 0.67, p = 0.003).
Conclusion This is the first study to report muscle involvement assessed by SWE in patients with SMA types 2 and 3. Our findings are similar to the presence of selective muscle involvement demonstrated in previous studies, and also SWE and MRI values were similar. SWE is an alternative noninvasive practical method that can be used to demonstrate muscle involvement in patients with SMA, to understand the pathogenesis of segmental involvement, and to guide future treatments or to monitor the effectiveness of existing new treatment options.