bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High density lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Li Zihan , Wang Rui Ning , Lihachev Grigory , Zhang Junyin , Tan Zelin , Churaev Mikhail , Kuznetsov Nikolai , Siddharth Anat , Bereyhi Mohammad J. , Riemensberger Johann , Kippenberg Tobias J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhotonic integrated circuits have the potential to pervade into multiple applications traditionally limited to bulk optics. Of particular interest for new applications are ferroelectrics such as Lithium Niobate, which exhibit a large Pockels effect, but are difficult to process via dry etching. Here we demonstrate that diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a superior material for the manufacturing of photonic integrated circuits based on ferroelectrics, specifically LiNbO3. Using DLC as a hard mask, we demonstrate the fabrication of deeply etched, tightly confining, low loss waveguides with losses as low as 4 dB/m. In contrast to widely employed ridge waveguides, this approach benefits from a more than one order of magnitude higher area integration density while maintaining efficient electro-optical modulation, low loss, and offering a route for efficient optical fiber interfaces. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate a III-V/LiNbO3 based laser with sub-kHz intrinsic linewidth and tuning rate of 0.7 PHz/s with excellent linearity and CMOS-compatible driving voltage. We also demonstrated a MZM modulator with a 1.73 cm length and a halfwave voltage of 1.94 V.
Norepinephrine release in the cerebellum contributes to aversive learning
Authors: Stanley Adrien T. , Post Michael R. , Lacefield Clay , Sulzer David , Miniaci Maria Concetta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe modulation of dopamine release from midbrain projections to the striatum has long been demonstrated in reward-based learning, but the synaptic basis of aversive learning is far less characterized. The cerebellum receives axonal projections from the locus coeruleus, and norepinephrine release is implicated in states of arousal and stress, but whether aversive learning relies on plastic changes in norepinephrine release in the cerebellum is unknown. Here we report that in mice, norepinephrine is released in the cerebellum following an unpredicted noxious event (a foot-shock) and that this norepinephrine release is potentiated powerfully with fear acquisition as animals learn that a previously neutral stimulus (tone) predicts the aversive event. Importantly, both chemogenetic and optogenetic inhibition of the locus coeruleus-cerebellum pathway block fear memory without impairing motor function. Thus, norepinephrine release in the cerebellum is modulated by experience and underlies aversive learning.
Hdac1 and Hdac2 regulate the quiescent state and survival of hair-follicle mesenchymal niche
Authors: Sibony-Benyamini Hadas , Aamar Emil , Enshell-Seijffers David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile cell division is essential for self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells and progenitors, dormancy is required to maintain the structure and function of the stem-cell niche. Here we use the hair follicle to show that during growth, the mesenchymal niche of the hair follicle, the dermal papilla (DP), is maintained quiescent by the activity of Hdac1 and Hdac2 in the DP that suppresses the expression of cell-cycle genes. Furthermore, Hdac1 and Hdac2 in the DP promote the survival of DP cells throughout the hair cycle. While during growth and regression this includes downregulation of p53 activity and the control of p53-independent programs, during quiescence, this predominantly involves p53-independent mechanisms. Remarkably, Hdac1 and Hdac2 in the DP during the growth phase also participate in orchestrating the hair cycle clock by maintaining physiological levels of Wnt signaling in the vicinity of the DP. Our findings not only provide insight into the molecular mechanism that sustains the function of the stem-cell niche in a persistently changing microenvironment, but also unveil that the same mechanism provides a molecular toolbox allowing the DP to affect and fine tune the microenvironment.
Bamboo-like dual-phase nanostructured copper composite strengthened by amorphous boron framework
Authors: Lv Hang , Gao Xinxin , Zhang Kan , Wen Mao , He Xingjia , Wu Zhongzhen , Liu Chang , Chen Changfeng , Zheng Weitao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGrain boundary engineering is a versatile tool for strengthening materials by tuning the composition and bonding structure at the interface of neighboring crystallites, and this method holds special significance for materials composed of small nanograins where the ultimate strength is dominated by grain boundary instead of dislocation motion. Here, we report a large strengthening of a nanocolumnar copper film that comprises columnar nanograins embedded in a bamboo-like boron framework synthesized by magnetron sputtering co-deposition, reaching the high nanoindentation hardness of 10.8 GPa among copper alloys. The boron framework surrounding copper nanograins stabilizes and strengthens the nanocolumnar copper film under indentation, benefiting from the high strength of the amorphous boron framework and the constrained deformation of copper nanocolumns confined by the boron grain boundary. These findings open a new avenue for strengthening metals via construction of dual-phase nanocomposites comprising metal nanograins embedded in a strong and confining light-element grain boundary framework.
Potential factors for and the prognostic impact of ascites after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kubo Hiroyuki , Imataki Osamu , Fukumoto Tetsuya , Kawanaka Yui , Ishida Tomoya , Kubo Yukiko Hamasaki , Kida Jun-ichiro , Uemura Makiko , Fujita Haruyuki , Kadowaki Norimitsu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAscites is sometimes detected after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT); however, since limited information is currently available, its clinical meaning remains unclear. Therefore, we herein examined potential factors for and the impact of ascites on the prognosis of patients after allo-HSCT at our institutes. Fifty-eight patients developed ascites within 90 days of allo-HSCT (small in 34 (16%), moderate-large in 24 (11%)). A multivariate analysis identified veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (p = 0.01) and myeloablative conditioning (p = 0.01) as significant potential factors for the development of small ascites. Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) (p < 0.01) was a significant potential factor for moderate-large ascites. The incidence of both small and moderate-large ascites correlated with lower overall survival (p = 0.03 for small ascites and p < 0.01 for moderate-large ascites) and higher non-relapse mortality rates (p = 0.03 for small ascites and p < 0.01 for moderate-large ascites). Lower OS and higher NRM rates correlated with the incidence of both small and moderate-large ascites. Further investigation is warranted to establish whether the clinical sign of ascites improves the diagnostic quality of TMA in a large-scale study.
Impact of meteorological and demographic factors on the influenza epidemic in Japan: a large observational database study
Authors: Ito Genta , Takazono Takahiro , Hosogaya Naoki , Iwanaga Naoki , Miyazawa Shogo , Fujita Satoki , Watanabe Hideaki , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFactors affecting the start date of the influenza epidemic season and total number of infected persons per 1,000,000 population in 47 prefectures of Japan were evaluated. This retrospective observational study (September 2014–August 2019; N = 472,740–883,804) evaluated data from a Japanese health insurance claims database. Single and multiple regression analyses evaluated the time to start of the epidemic or total infected persons per 1,000,000 population with time to absolute humidity (AH) or number of days with AH (≤ 5.5, ≤ 6.0, ≤ 6.5, and ≤ 7.0), total visitors (first epidemic month or per day), and total population. For the 2014/15, 2015/16, and 2016/17 seasons, a weak-to-moderate positive correlation (R2: 0.042–0.417) was observed between time to start of the epidemic and time to first day with AH below the cutoff values. Except in the 2016/17 season (R2: 0.089), a moderate correlation was reported between time to start of the epidemic and the total population (R2: 0.212–0.401). For all seasons, multiple regression analysis showed negative R2 for time to start of the epidemic and total visitors and population density (positive for time to AH ≤ 7.0). The earlier the climate becomes suitable for virus transmission and the higher the human mobility (more visitors and higher population density), the earlier the epidemic season tends to begin.
Serological evaluation of risk factors for exposure to malaria in a pre-elimination setting in Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Byrne Isabel , William Timothy , Chua Tock H. , Patterson Catriona , Hall Tom , Tan Mark , Chitnis Chetan , Adams John , Singh Susheel K. , Grignard Lynn , Tetteh Kevin K. A. , Fornace Kimberly M. , Drakeley Chris J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMalaysia has reported no indigenous cases of P. falciparum and P. vivax for over 3 years. When transmission reaches such low levels, it is important to understand the individuals and locations where exposure risks are high, as they may be at greater risk in the case of a resurgence of transmission. Serology is a useful tool in low transmission settings, providing insight into exposure over longer durations than PCR or RDT. We ran blood samples from a 2015 population-based survey in northern Sabah, Malaysian Borneo on a multiplex bead assay. Using supervised machine learning methods, we characterised recent and historic exposure to Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax and found recent exposure to P. falciparum to be very low, with exposure to both species increasing with age. We performed a risk-factor assessment on environmental, behavioural, demographic and household factors, and identified forest activity and longer travel times to healthcare as common risk-factors for exposure to P. falciparum and P. vivax. In addition, we used remote-sensing derived data and geostatistical models to assess environmental and spatial associations with exposure. We created predictive maps of exposure to recent P. falciparum in the study area and showed 3 clear foci of exposure. This study provides useful insight into the environmental, spatial and demographic risk factors for P. falciparum and P. vivax at a period of low transmission in Malaysian Borneo. The findings would be valuable in the case of resurgence of human malarias in the region.
A deep learning approach for automated segmentation of magnetic bright points in the solar photosphere
Authors: Yang Peng , Bai Haicheng , Zhao Limin , Gong Xiaoying , Zhong Libo , Yang Yang , Rao Changhui 
Published: August 2023

Context. Magnetic bright points (MBPs) are small, bright, and conspicuous magnetic structures observed in the solar photosphere and are widely recognized as tracers of magnetic flux tubes. Previous studies have underscored the significance of MBPs in elucidating the mechanisms of coronal heating. The continuous advancement of solar telescopes and observation techniques has significantly enhanced the resolution of solar images, enabling a more detailed examination of MBP structures. In light of the growing availability of MBP observation images, the implementation of large-scale automated and precise MBP segmentation methods holds tremendous potential to facilitate significant progress in solar physics research.
Aims. The objective of this study is to propose a deep learning network called MBP-TransCNN that enables the automatic and precise pixel-level segmentation of MBPs in large quantities, even with limited annotated data. This network is designed to effectively handle MBPs of various shapes and backgrounds, including those with complex features.
Methods. First, we normalized our sample of MBP images. We then followed this with elastic deformation and rotation translation to enhance the images and expand the dataset. Next, a dual-branch encoder was used to extract the features of the MBPs, and a Transformer-based global attention mechanism was used to extract global contextual information, while a convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to extract detailed local information. Afterwards, an edge aware module was proposed to extract detailed edge features of MBPs, which were used to optimize the segmentation results. Focal loss was used during the training process to address the problem of the small number of MBP samples.
Results. The average values of precision, recall, F1, pixel accuracy, and intersection over union of the MBP-TransCNN are 0.976, 0.827, 0.893, 0.999, and 0.808, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed MBP-TransCNN deep learning network can quickly and accurately segment the fine structure of MBPs.
Digitalisierung
Authors: Bischof Gallus 
Published: August 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,wann haben Sie zuletzt ein Videotelefonat geführt? Und welche Antwort
hätten Sie gegeben, wenn ihnen diese Frage vor 4 Jahren gestellt worden
wäre? Die Corona-Pandemie hat zu einer zunächst unfreiwilligen
Verbreitung digitaler Kommunikation beigetragen, und auch jetzt, nachdem wir wieder
in ein weitgehend normales Lebensgefühl zurückgegangen sind, haben
sich viele Lebensbereiche nachhaltig digitalisiert.
Wieder frei atmen
Authors: Gürtler Beate 
Published: August 2023

SummaryFür eine Sinusitis sprechen eine verstopfte Nase, Krankheitsgefühl, Riechverlust, Gesichts- und Druckschmerz, wobei man eine akute von einer chronischen (infektiösen oder allergischen) Form unterscheidet. Die symptomatische Behandlung aller Arten von Sinusitiden zielt auf das Abschwellen der Schleimhäute, Sekretabfluss, Entzündungshemmung, Belüftung und Befeuchtung. Eine breite Auswahl an natürlichen Therapeutika steht zur Verfügung, darunter Phytotherapeutika, homöopathische Einzel- und Komplexmittel, aber auch Probiotika und eine Anpassung der Ernährung.
Hyperthermie in der komplementärmedizinischen Tumorbehandlung im Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen München
Authors: Schmidt Robert 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen (KfN) in München Harlaching ist mit 110 Betten eine der größten Einrichtungen für eine stationäre integrative Patientenversorgung im deutschsprachigen Raum. Aus schulmedizinischer Sicht ist das KfN eine internistische Fachklinik, die auf die ergänzende komplementärmedizinische Behandlung chronisch kranker Patienten aus nahezu allen schulmedizinischen Fachdisziplinen spezialisiert ist. Hierzu zählen auch Tumorpatienten. Ein fester Bestandteil der supportiven Therapie bei Tumorpatienten ist die Hyperthermie, eine der ältesten Behandlungsmethoden der Menschheit. Zum einen kommt im KfN die sog. moderate Ganzkörperhyperthermie zur Stärkung des Immunsystems zum Einsatz, um das Allgemeinbefinden zu verbessern sowie Krankheitssymptome und Nebenwirkungen der konventionellen Therapien zu reduzieren. Zum anderen wird die lokoregionäre Hyperthermie eingesetzt, bei der das maligne Gewebe gezielt auf 42–44 °C erhitzt werden soll, um den Tumorzellen einen thermischen Schaden zuzuführen.
Evidenz, Verfügbarkeit und Zukunftsvisionen der Simulation in der Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie
Authors: Huber Tobias , Huettl Florentine , Vradelis Lukas , Lang Hauke , Grimminger Peter , Sommer Nils , Hanke Laura Isabel 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungÜbung macht den Meister – ein Spruch, den sicherlich jeder schon gehört hat. Das Üben von Chirurginnen und Chirurgen jeder Weiterbildungsstufe kann nachweislich zu einem Teil an Simulatoren
absolviert werden. Dieses Training außerhalb des Operationssaales und unabhängig von Patienten ist sowohl ethisch als auch finanziell sinnvoll. Obwohl die Effektivität von Simulation in der
Chirurgie mehrfach erwiesen wurde, ist ein Simulationstraining in Deutschland bisher kein verpflichtender Bestandteil der chirurgischen Facharztweiterbildung. Simulation umfasst dabei ein
sehr breites Spektrum hinsichtlich Anwendung, Aufwand und Kosten. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Systeme und deren Einsatzgebiete und Zielgruppe. Der Fokus soll auf den
gängigen verfügbaren Systemen liegen und mögliche Vor- und Nachteile herausarbeiten. Praktische Fertigkeiten stehen dabei im Vordergrund und alle 3 Säulen der Allgemein- und
Viszeralchirurgie – konventionelle Techniken, Laparoskopie und Robotik – werden berücksichtigt. Simulatoren erzielen für sich genommen jedoch keine Kosten-Nutzen-Effektivität. Erst durch ein
standortspezifisches strukturiertes Weiterbildungskonzept, in dem weiterbildungsstufengerechtes Simulationstraining mit entsprechender Einteilung im Operationssaal eng miteinander verzahnt
werden, kann das volle Potenzial einer solchen Investition genutzt werden. Basisfertigkeiten sollten immer vor Ort trainiert werden können. Komplexe Simulationssysteme sind je nach
finanzieller Ausstattung realisierbar oder sollten aufgrund der deutlichen Mehrkosten im Verbund oder für überregionale Kurse angeschafft werden. Die Techniken der immersiven virtuellen
Realität in Kombination mit künstlicher Intelligenz und Deformationsalgorithmen werden für die Zukunft der Simulation sicherlich eine entscheidende Rolle spielen, wobei zunächst die Nutzung
der verfügbaren Systeme ein primäres Ziel sein muss. Die Integration von Simulation in die Facharztweiterbildung ist dabei anzustreben, nicht zuletzt, um die Finanzierung zu erleichtern.
Uterine Vascular Anomalies: Management and Treatment Overview
Authors: Matsumoto Monica M. , Caridi Theresa M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUterine vascular anomalies (UVAs), while rare, can result in severe, life-threatening hemorrhage. An understanding of the presentation and management options for UVAs is important for interventional radiologists to appropriately evaluate and care for these patients. The authors propose a standardized terminology for UVAs to avoid confusion and conflating congenital from acquired vascular lesions, which have a different pathophysiology. Limited high-level evidence and no definitive guidelines for UVA management exist, although endovascular treatment with uterine artery embolization has generally become the first-line approach for symptomatic or persistent UVAs with high technical and clinical success rates. There is also no consensus on the optimal embolization technique; the authors propose an initial approach to first embolize the dominant uterine artery supplying the UVA with gelatin sponge, with the option to embolize the contralateral side at the time of initial embolization if there is persistent supply (avoiding bilateral empiric embolization). Repeat embolization is feasible and recommended in the setting of recurrence, and both clinical and imaging follow-up is important. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary approach with individualized patient management is needed, particularly in the face of a lack of consensus guidelines for the management of symptomatic UVAs.
Management of Rectal Cancer in Lynch Syndrome: Balancing Risk Reduction and Quality of Life
Authors: Krasnick Bradley A. , Kalady Matthew F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPatients with Lynch syndrome are predisposed to developing colorectal cancer and a variety of extracolonic malignancies, at a young age. The management of rectal cancer in the setting of Lynch syndrome is a complex clinical scenario that requires the expertise of a multidisciplinary management team. In this review, we delve into the approach for rectal cancer in these patients, and specifically focus on several key aspects of treatment. Some unique aspects of rectal cancer in Lynch syndrome include the decision between proctectomy alone versus total proctocolectomy with or without an ileal pouch, the utility of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, nonoperative rectal cancer management, and the management of rectal polyps. Throughout, we highlight the delicate interplay between future cancer risk reduction and quality of life optimization.
Robotic Interventional Neuroradiology: Progress, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Ning Shen , Chautems Christophe , Kim Yoonho , Rice Hal , Hanning Uta , Al Kasab Sami , Meyer Lukas , Psychogios Marios , Zaidat Osama O. , Hassan Ameer E. , Masoud Hesham E. , Mujanovic Adnan , Kaesmacher Johannes , Dhillon Permesh S. , Ma Alice , Kaliaev Artem , Nguyen Thanh N. , Abdalkader Mohamad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdvances in robotic technology have improved standard techniques in numerous surgical and endovascular specialties, offering more precision, control, and better patient outcomes. Robotic-assisted interventional neuroradiology is an emerging field at the intersection of interventional neuroradiology and biomedical robotics. Endovascular robotics can automate maneuvers to reduce procedure times and increase its safety, reduce occupational hazards associated with ionizing radiations, and expand networks of care to reduce gaps in geographic access to neurointerventions. To date, many robotic neurointerventional procedures have been successfully performed, including cerebral angiography, intracranial aneurysm embolization, carotid stenting, and epistaxis embolization. This review aims to provide a survey of the state of the art in robotic-assisted interventional neuroradiology, consider their technical and adoption limitations, and explore future developments critical for the widespread adoption of robotic-assisted neurointerventions.
Overview of the Gut–Brain Axis: From Gut to Brain and Back Again
Authors: Post Zoë , Manfready Richard A. , Keshavarzian Ali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe gut–brain axis refers to a bidirectional communication pathway linking the gastrointestinal system to the central nervous system. The hardware of this multifaceted pathway takes many forms, at once structural (neurons, microglia, intestinal epithelial cell barrier), chemical (neurotransmitters, enteroendocrine hormones, bacterial metabolites), and cellular (immune signaling, inflammatory pathways). The gut–brain axis is exquisitely influenced by our environment, diet, and behaviors. Here, we will describe recent progress in understanding the gut–brain axis in neurological disease, using Parkinson's disease as a guide. We will see that each component of the gut–brain axis is heavily mediated by intestinal microbiota and learn how gut–brain communication can go awry in microbial dysbiosis.
The Interface between Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Neuroinflammation, and Neurological Disorders
Authors: Hey Grace E. , Vedam-Mai Vinata , Beke Matthew , Amaris Manuel , Ramirez-Zamora Adolfo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a complex, chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract. IBD has been associated with a variety of neurologic manifestations including peripheral nerve involvement, increased risk of thrombotic, demyelinating and events. Furthermore, an evolving association between IBD and neurodegenerative disorders has been recognized, and early data suggests an increased risk of these disorders in patients diagnosed with IBD. The relationship between intestinal inflammatory disease and neuroinflammation is complex, but the bidirectional interaction between the brain-gut-microbiome axis is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Identification of common mechanisms and pathways will be key to developing potential therapies. In this review, we discuss the evolving interface between IBD and neurological conditions, with a focus on clinical, mechanistic, and potentially therapeutic implications.