bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind resource modelling of entire sites using Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Kantharaju Jahnavi , Storey Rupert , Julian Anatole , Delaunay Francois , Michaud Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Accurate wind speed, direction, shear and turbulence information are key inputs for wind farm energy yield and turbine suitability assessment. Met-mast measurements offer limited coverage both in horizontal and vertical directions, with few locations on the site and heights typically limited to below turbine hub-height. Simulation becomes an increasingly appealing option to mitigate these shortcomings. Current flow models used in wind resource assessment (WRA) rely heavily on assumptions to simplify complex atmospheric physics and reduce computing expense. As a result, they cannot resolve turbulence, and output average or annualized statistics. A new generation of models utilizing high-performance-computing now allows for high-fidelity simulation of sites with fewer modelling assumptions. In this work, we demonstrate and validate a computationally feasible large eddy simulation (LES) approach to generate high-fidelity time series of relevant quantities for WRA - including resolved turbulence - at sites in the order of 1000 square kilometres. The capability of the LES to produce insights in complex terrain is presented. A validation of the approach is performed by comparison of raw model results against met-mast measurements in a wide range of sites with varied complexities. Results show good agreement with measurements, with further error reduction expected through downstream adjustment of the model results with met-mast data on sites. Overall, the approach enables high-fidelity time-series based modelling for wind resource characterization and value addition to the WRA tool chain.
Weather-dependent passive thermography and thermal simulation of in-service wind turbine blades
Authors: Chaudhuri Somsubhro , Stamm Michael , Krankenhagen Rainer 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To cope with the increase in the manufacturing and operation of wind turbines, wind farm operators need inspection tools that are able to provide reliable information while keeping the downtime low. Current inspection techniques require the wind turbine to be stopped. This work presents the current progress in the project EvalTherm, in which passive thermography is evaluated as a possible non-destructive inspection tool for operational wind turbine blades (WTBs). A methodology to obtain thermal images of rotating WTBs has been established in this project. However, the quality of the results is heavily dependent on various aspects such as weather conditions, information on the inspected WTB, damage history, etc. In this work, a section of a used WTB is simulated using finite-element modelling (FEM) as well as experimentally tested for evaluating the accuracy of the model. Such a model will provide insight into the potential thermal response of a certain structure (with specific material properties) in given weather (boundary) conditions. The model is able to provide satisfactory predictions of the temporal thermal response of the structure, as well as indicate what thermal contrast(s) transients result from artificial defects introduced in the structure.
Analytical and MonteCarlo approaches to infer the total gamma ray emission from the JET tokamak
Authors: Marcer G. , Zohar A. , Dal Molin A. , Rigamonti D. , Rebai M. , Nocente M. , Panontin E. , Croci G. , Gorini G. , Grosso G. , Muraro A. , Perelli Cippo E. , Putignano O. , de la Luna E. , Ghani Z. , Conroy S. , Garcia J. , Kazakov Y. , Kiptily V. , Maslov M. , Nave M.F.F. , Ongena J. , Tardocchi M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A single gamma-ray spectrometer installed at the end of a collimator can be
used to infer the total emission from a tokamak plasma if the transport of
gamma-rays from the plasma to the detector is known. In such analysis, the
plasma emission profile plays a fundamental role, since it impacts the
fraction of plasma volume intercepted by the detector line of sight.

In this work, the DT 17 MeV fusion gamma-rays emission profile of the
JET discharge #99608 from second 46 to 48 has been estimated
both with the TRANSP code and reconstructed through tomographic inversion
based on the neutron camera data, assuming that fusion gamma-rays
have the same profile as the 14 MeV fusion neutrons. The gamma-ray
transport has been evaluated both by MonteCarlo simulations and analytical
calculations.

By combining MonteCarlo and analytical evaluations of the gamma-ray transport
in different ways with the estimated radiation emission profile, we provide
four different routes to determine the total gamma-ray yield from
measurements whose results agree within better than 10%.
Bioprinted cancer-stromal in-vitro models in a decellularized ECM-based bioink exhibit progressive remodeling and maturation
Authors: Kort-Mascort Jacqueline , Shen Molly L , Martin Emma , Flores-Torres Salvador , Pardo Lucas Antonio , Siegel Peter M , Tran Simon D , Kinsella Joseph 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Constant matrix remodeling and cellular heterogeneity in cancer are key contributors to its development and can profoundly alter treatment efficacy. Developing in-vitro models containing relevant features that can recapitulate these aspects of the tumor microenvironment and that are well characterized can circumvent the limitations of conventional 2D cultures and animal models. Automated fabrication methods combined with biomimetic biomaterials have provided the opportunity to create platforms that can potentially incorporate a heterogeneous population of cells in a 3D environment that allows cell–cell and cell-ECM interactions with reproducibility. This study used 3D extrusion bioprinting and a composite bioink containing a reinforced decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel to fabricate a head and neck cancer in-vitro model. The constituents of this model included fibroblasts and active ECM proteins to represent the stroma, along with HNSCC cells to represent the tumor component. The topographical characterization of the bioink showed a fibrous network with nanometer-sized pores. After cell encapsulation and model fabrication, we observed spheroid development and growth over time with cancer cells in the core and fibroblasts in the periphery. Our model is compatible with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) quantification techniques and showed significant differences in the presence of MMP-9 and MMP-10 compared to the control groups. This characterized model is proposed as a tool for further translational and drug discovery applications since it provides a biomimetic scenario that allows the study of the tumor microenvironment in-vitro using nondestructive longitudinal monitoring over time.
Research on degradation mechanism of trichlorobenzene and Hg0 by nonthermal plasma catalysis
Authors: BIAN Wenjing , ZHU Tao , ZHU Fan , CUI Yan , WANG Jianhua , SHI Guang , LI Jiawang , HAO Jingzhang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aiming at mercury and dioxin in fire coal gas as research objects, nonthermal plasma (NTP) catalytic technology was used to investigate the degradation effect of operating condition parameters on mixed pollutants in mixed flue gas condition, and to explore the synergistic degradation of Hg0 and TCB (1, 2, 3-trichlorobenzene, TCB) under mixed flue gas conditions. The research results showed that the conversion efficiency of mercury and TCB increased with the additional output of voltage, and decreased with the increase of the gas flow rate. Under optimal reaction conditions: voltage = 17 kV, frequency = 300 Hz, gas flow rate = 2 l min−1, the conversion efficiency of Hg0 and TCB reached the highest 91.4% and 84.98%, respectively. In the NTP catalytic system, active free radicals played an important role in the synergistic conversion of mercury and TCB, which have a competitive effect, to make the conversion efficiency of mixed pollutants lower than a single substance. In the mixed flue gas condition, the mixed gas has an inhibitory effect on the synergistic conversion of mercury and TCB. Kinetic modeling of NTP catalytic synergistic reaction was established. Under three conditions of TCB, mercury and TCB, mixed simulated flue gas, the NTP catalytic technology showed a quasi-first-order kinetic reaction for the degradation of TCB. According to the synergistic effect of NTP and composites, the transformation and degradation of TCB mainly included two processes: TCB and ring opening, and Hg0 was finally oxidized to Hg2+.
Investigation and optimization of solar collector and geothermal pump hybrid system for cogeneration of heat and power with exergy-economic approach
Authors: Smaisim Ghassan F , Abed Azher M , Shamel Ali 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To use energy systems based on renewable sources, it is very important to consider backup and hybrid sources because renewable energies are not available all the time; therefore, in this system, a geothermal pump is used to preheat the fluid, then the heated fluid is sent to the vacuum tube collector to reach a higher temperature by absorbing solar-thermal energy, and after absorbing solar energy, it goes to the evaporator to produce superheated steam and finally the superheated fluid moves to the steam turbine to produce energy. After the simulation, thermodynamic analysis along with economic analysis has been done. In the base state, the energy efficiency and exergy of cogeneration were 0.566 and 0.156, respectively; the energy efficiency and electrical exergy were better than 0.057 and 0.065; and the overall output and immutable work values were 50 and 671.1 kW, respectively.
Associations between mother’s depressive symptoms during pregnancy and newborn’s brain functional connectivity
Authors: Na Xiaoxu , Glasier Charles M , Andres Aline , Bellando Jayne , Chen Haitao , Gao Wei , Livingston Luke W , Badger Thomas M , Ou Xiawei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Depression during pregnancy is common and the prevalence further increased during the COVID pandemic. Recent findings have shown potential impact of antenatal depression on children’s neurodevelopment and behavior, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Nor is it clear whether mild depressive symptoms among pregnant women would impact the developing brain. In this study, 40 healthy pregnant women had their depressive symptoms evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory-II at ~12, ~24, and ~36 weeks of pregnancy, and their healthy full-term newborns underwent a brain MRI without sedation including resting-state fMRI for evaluation of functional connectivity development. The relationships between functional connectivities and maternal Beck Depression Inventory-II scores were evaluated by Spearman’s rank partial correlation tests using appropriate multiple comparison correction with newborn’s gender and gestational age at birth controlled. Significant negative correlations were identified between neonatal brain functional connectivity and mother’s Beck Depression Inventory-II scores in the third trimester, but not in the first or second trimester. Higher depressive symptoms during the third trimester of pregnancy were associated with lower neonatal brain functional connectivity in the frontal lobe and between frontal/temporal lobe and occipital lobe, indicating a potential impact of maternal depressive symptoms on offspring brain development, even in the absence of clinical depression.
The impact of population screening for cardiovascular disease on quality of life
Authors: Søgaard Rikke , Diederichsen Axel , Lindholt Jes 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
To examine the impact of population screening–generated events on quality of life: invitation, positive test result, initiation of preventive medication, enrolment in follow-up at the surgical department, and preventive surgical repair.

Methods and results
A difference-in-difference design based on data collected alongside two randomized controlled trials where general population men were randomized to screening for cardiovascular disease or to no screening. Repeated measurements of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were conducted up to 3 years after inclusion using all relevant scales of the EuroQol instrument: the anxiety/depression dimension, the EuroQol 5-dimension profile index (using Danish preference weights), and the visual analogue scale for global health. We compare the mean change scores from before to after events for groups experiencing vs. not experiencing the events. Propensity score matching is additionally used to provide both unmatched and matched results. Invitees reported to be marginally better off than non-invitees on all scales of the EuroQol. For events of receiving the test result, initiating preventive medication, being enrolled in surveillance, and undergoing surgical repair, we observed no impact on overall HRQoL but a minor impact of being enrolled in surveillance on emotional distress, which did not persist after matching.

Conclusion
The often-claimed detrimental consequences of screening to HRQoL could not be generally confirmed. Amongst the screening events assessed, only two possible consequences were revealed: a reassurance effect after a negative screening test and a minor negative impact to emotional distress of being enrolled in surveillance that did not spill over to overall HRQoL.
Medium-short-term prediction of polar motion combining the differencing between series with the differencing within series
Authors: Wang Leyang , Miao Wei , Wu Fei , Pang Ming 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY
The accuracy of polar motion forecasting has been the focus of attention in the fields of satellite navigation and deep space exploration. However, the traditional or differential methods for forecasting X or Y series based on LS and AR models are straightforward and monolithic, and cannot reduce the range of forecast errors. Therefore, this study proposes a new method (called the between-within, B–W method) that combines the X, Y and Y–X series forecasts of the traditional and differential methods in pairs according to the mathematical relationship of Y–X. This approach is one way to obtain the minimum range of forecast errors by making full use of the advantages of each method in the combination. A total of 262-hindcast experiments were conducted during 2010–2020 with strictly simulated time delays. For forecasts of 1–180 d at the x-pole, the average improvement is 10.7 per cent over Bulletin-A. For the y-pole at 1–90 d an average improvement of 11.7 per cent over Bulletin-A is achieved. In addition, further incorporation of the last 1 d IGS (International Global Navigation Satellite System Service) Ultra-rapid (IGU) data can effectively improve the MAE at 1–10 d. The 2016–2018 performance of the B–W method at the x-pole may be related to the amplitude and phase of the Chandler wobble, and the 2013–2016 performance at the y-pole may be related to El Niño climate change events. In terms of overall stability, the B–W method is superior to the IERS Bulletin-A in the medium-short-term and has potential practical application.
ALS-linked CCNF variant disrupts motor neuron ubiquitin homeostasis
Authors: Farrawell Natalie E , Bax Monique , McAlary Luke , McKenna Jessie , Maksour Simon , Do-Ha Dzung , Rayner Stephanie L , Blair Ian P , Chung Roger S , Yerbury Justin J , Ooi Lezanne , Saunders Darren N 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that share pathological features, including the aberrant accumulation of ubiquitinated protein inclusions within motor neurons. Previously, we have shown that the sequestration of ubiquitin (Ub) into inclusions disrupts Ub homeostasis in cells expressing ALS-associated variants superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), fused in sarcoma (FUS) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Here, we investigated whether an ALS/FTD-linked pathogenic variant in the CCNF gene, encoding the E3 Ub ligase Cyclin F (CCNF), also perturbs Ub homeostasis. The presence of a pathogenic CCNF variant was shown to cause ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) dysfunction in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons harboring the CCNF S621G mutation. The expression of the CCNFS621G variant was associated with an increased abundance of ubiquitinated proteins and significant changes in the ubiquitination of key UPS components. To further investigate the mechanisms responsible for this UPS dysfunction, we overexpressed CCNF in NSC-34 cells and found that the overexpression of both wild-type (WT) and the pathogenic variant of CCNF (CCNFS621G) altered free Ub levels. Furthermore, double mutants designed to decrease the ability of CCNF to form an active E3 Ub ligase complex significantly improved UPS function in cells expressing both CCNFWT and the CCNFS621G variant and were associated with increased levels of free monomeric Ub. Collectively, these results suggest that alterations to the ligase activity of the CCNF complex and the subsequent disruption to Ub homeostasis play an important role in the pathogenesis of CCNF-associated ALS/FTD.
Global constitutionalism and the People’s Republic of China: Dignity as the “fundamental basis” of the legal system?
Authors: Stone Sweet Alec , Wan Trevor T W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The People’s Republic of China has declared dignity to be a foundational norm of its legal system, as institutionalized through a suite of constitutional and legislative reforms. Indeed, the 2017–21 period saw the adoption of some of the most far-reaching statutes in the history of the PRC, the centerpiece of which is the new Civil Code (2021). In both structure and content, provisions of the Civil Code comprise a quasi-constitutional charter of rights. Indeed, many Chinese scholars do treat the Civil Code as such, developing sophisticated constitutional theory along the way. At the core of these claims is dignity, which occupies a prominent position within the Civil Code, and from which a host of additional rights, including unenumerated rights, can be derived. After situating these developments in light of global constitutional practice, we examine the emergence of dignity as an officially sanctioned commitment device, and analyze the pertinent scholarly discourse, structure, and content of the new Civil Code, and the various roles that the Communist Party of China, the National People’s Congress, and the Supreme People’s Court are expected to perform in supervising the work of the judiciary in operationalizing the Civil Code. We conclude that while the PRC has not fully embraced the dignity norm in the way other constitutional systems have, it has nonetheless permitted significant discursive debates that deserve to be analyzed comparatively.
Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acid Composition as a Potential Biomarker for Depression
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Lu , Guo Jimin , Zhao Tingyu , Tang Hui , Dong Fang , Wang Chuanyue , Chen Jindong , Tang Mimi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Major depressive disorders is a chronic and severe psychiatric disorder with poor prognosis and quality of life. Abnormal erythrocyte fatty acid (FA) composition in depressed patients were found in our previous study, but the relationship between erythrocyte membrane FA levels and different severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms remains to be explored.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 139 patients with first-diagnosed, drug-naïve depression and 55 healthy controls whose erythrocyte FA composition was analyzed. Patients with depression were divided into severe depression and mild to moderate depression or depression with severe anxiety and mild to moderate anxiety. Then the differences of FA levels among different groups were analyzed. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to identify potential biomarkers in distinguishing the severity of depressive symptoms.

Results
Levels of erythrocyte membrane FAs were elevated among patients with severe depression compared with healthy controls or patients with mild to moderate depression of almost all kinds. While C18:1n9t (elaidic acid), C20:3n6 (eicosatrienoic acid), C20:4n6 (arachidonic acid), C22:5n3 (docosapentaenoic acid), total fatty acids (FAs), and total monounsaturated FAs were elevated in patients with severe anxiety compared with patients with mild to moderate anxiety. Furthermore, the level of arachidonic acid, C22:4n6 (docosatetraenoic acid), elaidic acid, and the combination of all 3 were associated with the severity of depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
The results suggested that erythrocyte membrane FA levels have the potential to be the biological indicator of clinical characteristics for depression, such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. In the future, more research is needed to explore the causal association between FA metabolism and depression.
Political Trust as an Evaluation against Normative Benchmarks? A Two-wave Survey Experiment on the Role of Normative Benchmarks in the Evaluative Model of Political Trust
Authors: Ouattara Ebe , Steenvoorden Eefje , van der Meer Tom 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The dominant model that guides scholarly research on political trust rests on the assumption that this attitude is evaluative. It states that citizens evaluate political actors’ trustworthiness traits against a set of normative benchmarks. Remarkably, despite its dominance in political trust research and its serious implications for theories on democratic accountability, this assumption has not been tested systematically. This paper tests the micro-level foundations of the trust-as-evaluation model via an extensive two-wave survey experiment among 15,997 respondents. We assess to what extent normative benchmarks of trustworthiness condition citizens’ trust in politicians with 11 randomized traits. Our findings challenge the commonly held view of the role of normative benchmarks in the trust-as-evaluation model. While respondents clearly differentiate trustworthy politicians from untrustworthy ones and withdraw trust from politicians with negative traits, their normative benchmarks do not systematically influence this judgment. We discuss the implications of these findings for the trust-as-evaluation model.
Pathogenicity of multiple Providencia species (Enterobacteriales: Morganellaceae) to the mass-reared Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Salas Bacilio , Conway Hugh E , Vacek Don C , Vitek Cristopher , Schuenzel Erin L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens (Loew)) (Diptera: Tephritidae) represents a major threat to fruit production in the Western Hemisphere. Sterile insect technique is used to suppress and eradicate wild populations. Success of this control method necessitates weekly production of hundreds of millions of flies, their sterilization by irradiation, and their aerial release. Diet needed to produce large fly numbers are conducive to the spread of bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 3 rearing facilities and from multiple sources: eggs, larvae, pupae and spent diet, and were found to include some isolates identified to the genus Providencia (Enterobacteriales: Morganellaceae). We identified 41 Providencia isolates and tested their pathogenicity to A. ludens. Based on 16s rRNA sequences, 3 groups were clustered into several species of Providencia with varying capacities to affect the Mexican fruit fly production. Isolates putatively identified as P. alcalifaciens/P. rustigianii were all pathogenic causing larval and pupal yield reduction of 46–64% and 37–57%, respectively. Among them, Providencia isolate 3006 was the most pathogenic reducing larval and pupae yield by 73 and 81%, respectively. Isolates identified as P. sneebia were not pathogenic. The final cluster, P. rettgeri/P. vermicola, were variable in pathogenicity with 3 isolates yielding like the control and the rest causing larval and pupal yield reduction of 26–53% and 23–51%, respectively. Isolates putatively identified as P. alcalifaciens/P. rustigianii were more virulent than P. rettgeri/P. vermicola. Accurate identification of species is needed to diagnose and monitor pathogenic versus nonpathogenic Providencia strains.