bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycoplasma contamination in human tumor cell lines: effect on interferon induction and susceptibility to natural killing.
Authors: Birke C , Peter H H , Langenberg U , Müller-Hermes W J , Peters J H , Heitmann J , Leibold W , Dallügge H , Krapf E , Kirchner H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cleaning of human tumor cell lines from arginine-dependent nonfermentative Mycoplasma orale 1 (MO1) by a recently developed technique profoundly altered several in vitro properties of the cell lines. Four melanoma lines (Mel I, Mel St, Mel K, IGR3) and 1 ovarian carcinoma line (Ro) induced human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) only in the mycoplasma-infected state and not in the mycoplasma-free state. MO1-infected tumor lines were generally more susceptible to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated lysis than their mycoplasma-free counterparts. Reinfection of cleaned tumor lines with MO1 restored their interferonogenicity and the increased susceptibility to NK lysis. Thus, the amplifying role of MO1 infection on NK target lysis occurred in connection with an increased production IFN-alpha during the assay period. The human erythroleukemia cell line K562 was exceptional in that it also induced high levels of IFN in an apparently mycoplasma-free state and was unaffected in its susceptibility ot NK lysis by infection with MO1. Possible implications of these findings for the biologic significance of the NK reaction are discussed.
Genetic linkage of resistance to Listeria monocytogenes with macrophage inflammatory responses.
Authors: Stevenson M M , Kongshavn P A , Skamene E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The mobilization of adequate numbers of mononuclear phagocytes to inflammatory foci was measured in Listeria-resistant and Listeria-sensitive mice. Resistant strains, such as B10.A, were found to have a 2- to 3-fold greater accumulation of peritoneal macrophages after i.p. treatment with a variety of nonspecific inflammatory stimuli in comparison to sensitive strains, such s A/J. In addition to low macrophage inflammatory responses, A/J mice had fewer resident peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, measurement of chemotaxis in vitro of equal numbers of thioglycollate-induced macrophages showed cells from A/J mice to be less responsive to complement-derived chemotactic factors. Thus, the mononuclear phagocyte systems of resistant B10.A and sensitive A/J mice were quantitatively and qualitatively different. A survey of inbred mouse strains revealed that these differences were not peculiar to A strain mice and that, in general, the level of the in vivo macrophage inflammatory response correlated with the level of resistance to Listeria in a given strain. Like resistance to Listeria, the macrophage inflammatory response was found to be genetically controlled by an autosomal, non-H-2-linked gene(s) expressed as incompletely dominant. Backcross analysis showed genetic linkage of the macrophage inflammatory response with resistance to Listeria. Thus, the results of this study provide formal evidence that the cellular basis of the genetically determined, enhanced resistance to Listeria is an augmented pool size of mononuclear phagocytes, and the prompt mobilization of these cells to foci of infection.
I-Kk and H-2Kk antigens are shed as supramolecular particles in association with membrane lipids.
Authors: Emerson S G , Cone R E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The form of 125I-labeled membrane alloantigens (I-Ak and H-2Kk) and immunoglobulin M shed by murine splenic lymphocytes labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination was determined by gel chromatography and ultracentrifugation. I-Ak and H-2Kk antigens are shed as particles ranging in size from 3 X 10(5) to 2 X 10(6), whereas membrane IgM is shed as an individual unit consonant with its native size of 180,000. The effects of detergents on the size of shed I-Ak and H-2Kk and the coprecipitation of (3H) lipids with these proteins suggest that I-Ak and H-2Kk are shed in association with local membrane lipids as small membrane-derived vesicles, whereas membrane IgM is shed without detectable associated lipid.
Primary in vitro anti-KLH antibody formation by peripheral blood lymphocytes in man: detection with a radioimmunoassay.
Authors: Morimoto C , Reinherz E L , Schlossman S F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the present report, a primary in vitro human antibody response to KLH was investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were incubated with antigen for 5 days and then cultured in the absence of KLH for 4 additional days. Maximal anti-KLH antibody production, as measured by radioimmunoassay, occurred at a cell density of 1 X 10(6) and at an antigen concentration of 5 micrograms per culture. The antibody produced was shown to be predominantly of the IgM isotype and specific for KLH antigen in several binding assays. Moreover, no antibody was generated in the absence of T lymphocytes. This in vitro antibody-forming system should be of considerable use in the analysis of the cellular requirements for antibody production and the genetic control of the immune response in man.
IgE antibody production in guinea pigs treated with cyclophosphamide.
Authors: Graziano F , Haley C , Gundersen L , Askenase P W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pig anaphylactic responses usually involve IgG1 antibodies. Although IgE antibody production has been accomplished, a reliable and sustained method for production has not been described. We have investigated a method of enhancing IgE antibody production in guinea pigs. The criteria for IgE production were homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) antibody activity that passed an affinity column of rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG1, heat lability (56 degrees C for 3 hr), and a long sensitization period in skin (7 days). Hartley guinea pigs were primed and boosted monthly with 1 microgram Picryl-Ascaris plus 1 mg of alum i.p. Some Hartley guinea pigs also received cyclophosphamide (250 mg/kg) before the first boost. English short-hair guinea pigs (previously shown to be good IgE producers) were immunized similarly but received no cyclophosphamide. Hartley animals receiving no cyclophosphamide inconsistently made low titered IgE anti-hapten antibody (1:100). Fifteen of 15 Hartley animals that received cyclophosphamide had high titers (1:2000) of IgE anti-hapten antibody. English short-hair animals had moderate titers (1:400), and not all animals responded. Thus, cyclophosphamide converted IgE nonresponder Hartley guinea pigs to uniformly high responders. This method provides material to study the biologic properties of IgE in this species, and also provides a model to study the apparent suppression of IgE responses in Hartley guinea pigs.
How complement kills E. coli. I. Location of the lethal lesion.
Authors: Wright S D , Levine R P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have studied the action of human complement (C) on E. coli membranes. We find, as have others, that C disrupts the outer membrane (OM), allowing the release of periplasmic proteins. In addition, we have found 1) that in the complete absence of lysozyme, C damages the inner membrane (IM), 2) IM damage is different from OM damage in that only small molecules traverse a damaged IM whereas macromolecules traverse damaged OM, 3) IM damage and OM damage occur with identical kinetics and dose response, suggesting that IM and OM damage are closely coupled events, and 4) upon the addition of purified C8 and C9 to the washed cellular intermediate, E. coli C 1-7, both IM and OM are damaged coordinately. These results, taken together, suggest that C damages E. coli membranes by acting at a site contiguous with both membranes. We speculate that C may simultaneously gain access to both membranes by acting at the junctions between IM and OM.
Serum-mediated suppression of nonspecific B cell activation. II. Relative resistance of B cells from the NZB mouse strain to regulation by a natural inhibitor in normal mouse serum.
Authors: Walker S M , Sturtevant J E , Weigle W O 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent work has shown that normal mouse serum (NMS) and plasma contain inhibitory substance(s), termed NMS-In, that suppress proliferative and polyclonal antibody responses elicited in vitro with various B cell mitogens. In this study, the NZB mouse, which has a high degree of spontaneous polyclonal B cell activity, was examined for possible reduced amounts of NMS-In. Also, the capacity of NZB B cells to be inhibited by NMS-In was determined. It was found that sera from NZB mice had normal amounts of NMS-In, as assessed by inhibition of mitogenesis of spleen cells in culture induced by bacterial endotoxin (ET). However, B cells of the NZB mouse were found to be abnormal, requiring approximately 4 to 7 times more NMS-In to inhibit polyclonal antibody synthesis and mitogenesis elicited by ET than B cells of more immunologically normal mice. Removal of T cells by treatment with anti-thy 1.2 and complement did not change the sensitivity of the NZB B cells to NMS-In. Insensitivity to NMS-In was expressed in B cells from relatively young NZB mice, e.g., 9 to 15 wk of age. The relative resistance of B cells of the NZB mouse to regulation by a natural inhibitor in NMS could partially serve to explain their high level of spontaneous antibody synthesis. Furthermore, the fact that B cells of the NZB mouse were ultimately susceptible to inhibition by relatively large amounts of NMS-In affords the opportunity in the future to suppress polyclonal antibody activity in the NZB mouse with purified NMS-In in an attempt to ameliorate autoimmune disease.
Monoclonal antibody OKT-9 recognizes the receptor for transferrin on human acute lymphocytic leukemia cells.
Authors: Goding J W , Burns G F 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The monoclonal antibody OKT-9 recognizes a surface protein of human lymphocytes that consists of a disulfide bonded homodimer of m.w. 200,000 intact and 95,000 reduced. A similar protein is precipitated by transferrin-agarose, but not by agarose alone. Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis shows that the proteins precipitated by OKT-9 antibodies and transferrin-agarose are homologous. It is concluded that OKT-9 antibodies recognize the transferrin receptor. Expression of receptors for transferrin may be useful as a marker for activated or dividing cells.
MIs locus recognition by a cloned line of H-2-restricted influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Authors: Braciale V L , Braciale T J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This report demonstrates the expression of strong MIs locus MIsd) recognition by a cloned line of H-2-restricted influenza virus-specific CTL. This clone of F1 (H-2b/d; MIsb) origin was found to specifically proliferate in response to uninfected cells of CBA/J (H-2k, MIsd) origin but not to uninfected B10.BR or CBA/CaJ cells (H-2k, MIsb). In addition, proliferation by this cTL line was observed in response to histocompatible cells expressing cross-reactive MIsa determinants (DBA/2, NZB; H-2d, MIsa). This recognition was observed only at the level of CTL proliferation. The CTL line exhibited no cytotoxic activity for target cells of these MIs types. These observations are contrasted with the response of another cloned H-2-restricted influenza-specific CTL line that simultaneously exhibits alloreactivity for H-2k. The significance of these results for T lymphocyte recognition is discussed.
Surface antigens on mouse natural killer cells: use of monoclonal antibodies to inhibit or to enrich cytotoxic activity.
Authors: Seaman W E , Talal N , Herzenberg L A , Herzenberg L A , Ledbetter J A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In studies using monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface antigens we have identified 2 new antigens (H11 and 7.2) expressed on mouse NK cells. These are shared with T cells but not B cells. We have also shown that NK cells express T200 but lack detectable ThB or Lyt-1. The T200 and H11 surface molecules were implicated in the mediation or regulation of natural killing; monoclonal antibodies to T200 and H11 inhibited natural killing when added to the cytotoxicity assay but did not interfere with T cell cytotoxicity against the same target. The inhibitory effect of anti-T200 is consistent with recent evidence showing that antibodies to the Ly-5 polymorphic determinant on T200 block natural killing. The H11 determinants is on a different molecule. The absence of Lyt-1 and ThB on NK cells permitted development of a rapid and simple method for separating NK cells from T cells and B cells. Spleen cells incubated with rat monoclonal antibodies to Lyt-1 (on all T cells) and ThB (on all B cells) were 95% removed by adherence to Petri dishes coated with antiserum to rat immunoglobulin. The natural killer activity in the nonadherent population was enriched 16-fold.
A novel human T cell antigen preferentially expressed on mature T cells and shared by both well and poorly differentiated B cell leukemias and lymphomas.
Authors: Kamoun M , Kadin M E , Martin P J , Nettleton J , Hansen J A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new lymphocyte differentiation antigen shared by all normal T cells and some malignant B cells was defined by a monoclonal antibody designated 12.1. This antibody reacted with all peripheral blood T cells but not with normal B cells and B cell lines. Analysis with a fluorescence activated cell sorter showed that the expression of 12.1 antigen changes during T cell maturation. Most thymocytes, blasts of acute T cell leukemia, and cells from established leukemic T cell lines bear a small amount of 12.1 antigen. In contrast the majority of peripheral blood T cells, activated T cells, and leukemic T cells of the Sezary syndrome bear a large amount of 12.1 antigen. Unexpectedly, antibody 12.1 reacted with leukemic cells from most patients with B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and some patients with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (LSCL). Among these leukemias, expression of the 12.1 antigen was not correlated with the stage of B cell maturation, with the amount of surface immunoglobulin on the cells, or with the presence or absence of monoclonal gammapathy. In a comparative serologic analysis the antigen defined by antibody 12.1 was distinct from the p67 T cell antigen (defined by monoclonal antibody 10.2) that is also known to be expressed by B-type CLL cells.
Analysis of a fetal calf serum-induced T cell line. I. H-2 restricted growth and expression of membrane-bound and released molecules bearing 5936-idiotypic determinants.
Authors: Suzan M , Bourgois A , Boned A , De Preval C , Golstein P , Rubin B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It was previously established that a fetal calf serum-induced C57BL/6 T cell line that induces T and B cell differentiation could be kept proliferating in vitro only if cultured in the presence of irradiated syngeneic spleen cells and FCS. The present experiments were performed in order to investigate a) whether this cell line was a pure T cell line, b) whether the cells in this cell line (called line 12) were homogeneous with regard to Lyt phenotype, c) whether its growth was H-2 restricted, and d) whether line 12 cells reacted with our anti-idiotype (5936) and anti-T cell receptor allotype/isotype (6036) antisera. The results showed that line 12 consisted of T cells of Lyt 1+, 2.3- and phenotype. Its growth and proliferation was restricted to Kb and/or IAb alloantigen, and this phenomenon was observed with isolated Lyt 1+, 2.3- T cells. Line 12 cells reacted with both 5936 and 6036 antisera, and the positive cells were of Lyt 1+, 2.3- phenotype. Thus, our data indicate that Lyt 1+, 2.3- line 12 T cells interact with FCS and Kb/IAb alloantigen via receptors, which may bear 5936 and 6036 antisera-defined determinants. However, because these antisera only react with a subpopulation of Lyt 1+, 2.3- cells, proof that the same T cell has both MHC specificity and B cell idiotypic determinants will require further experimentation. 5936 and 6036 antisera-reactive molecules could be isolated from the supernatants of line 12 cells. Such molecules had characteristics similar to the 50,000 m.w. form of receptor molecules isolated from B6 anti-CBA T cell supernatants: a single chain polypeptide carrying both 5936 and 6036 antisera-defined determinants.
Protection of neonatal mice against herpes simplex viral infection by human antibody and leukocytes from adult, but not neonatal humans.
Authors: Kohl S , Loo L S , Pickering L K 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neither human immune globulin nor human mononuclear leukocytes (containing lymphocytes and monocytes) from herpes simplex virus (HSV) seronegative adult donors could protect infant C57BL/6 mice from a lethal HSV infection. In contrast, a combination of 5 X 10(6) leukocytes and a subneutralizing dose of antibody protected the mice. Leukocytes (5 X 10(6) or 1 X 10(7)) from neonatal humans and antibody could not mediate this protection. This is the first correlation between defective human neonatal leukocyte antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro and defective human neonate leukocyte-antibody protection against HSV infection in vivo in mice.
Suppression of the late stages of mitogen-induced human B cell differentiation by FC gamma receptors (FC gamma R) released from polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
Authors: Bich-Thuy L T , Samarut C , Brochier J , Revillard J P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
During short incubation in serum-free medium, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) release soluble material that can be characterized as receptors for Fc IgG (Fc gamma R) on the following evidence: it agglutinates erythrocyte-IgG antibody (EAG) complexes, it prevents the binding of EAG to EAG-rosette-forming cells, and it binds to EAG-rosette-forming cells after modulation of their Fc gamma R, allowing the formation of 'passive' rosettes. These Fc gamma R were isolated by affinity chromatography on sepharose 4B-IgG. This material was shown to interfere with the differentiation of peripheral blood B cells into Ig-secreting cells in cultures stimulated by pokeweed (PWM) or Nocardia opaca (NOC) extracts. The number of Ig-secreting cells determined by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay using protein A-coated sheep erythrocytes was decreased by addition of Fc gamma R over a wide range of dilutions. The number of Ig-containing cells was diminished in PWM-stimulated cultures, but not in cultures stimulated with NOC. Fc gamma R did not affect cell viability, nor did they interfere with plaque-forming cell assay. Fc gamma R was not suppressive when added before the 3rd day or after the 6th day of culture. The suppressor factor was shown to remain associated with Fc gamma R after elution at acidic pH; it was removed by absorption on Sepharose 4B-IgG, but not on pepsin-digested F(ab')2 fragments. The suppressive factor as well as the capacity to restore EAG rosette formation by modulated lymphocytes were destroyed by heating (56 degrees C, 30 min) or by freezing and thawing. Properties of Fc gamma R released from PMN in this system are similar to those of Fc gamma R released from unstimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and to those of mouse Ig-binding factor produced by alloactivated T cells or T cell lines.
Collaboration between histoincompatible T and B lymphocytes: preferential induction in vivo of antibodies to antigens borne by foreign T cells.
Authors: Piguet P F , Vassalli P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have compared, in vivo, with nude mice and, in vitro, with cultures of T depleted spleen cells, several components of the humoral response resulting from the helper effect of allo- or xenogeneic T cells on mouse B lymphocytes; the response directed to the histocompatibility antigens (or other surface antigens) borne by foreign T lymphocytes, the effect on the response to an additional unrelated antigen, namely sheep red blood cells, and finally a possible nonspecific polyclonal activation. In vivo, injection of allo- or xenogeneic T lymphocytes into nude mice (with or without SRBC) induced a strong anti-T cell response, manifested by the presence of high titered IgG alloantibodies, without significant enhancement of the response to SRBC. In vitro, addition of xenogeneic T lymphocytes to cultures of T-depleted spleen cells did enhance an anti-T cell and an anti-SRBC response. The preferential induction of an anti-T cell response, observed in vivo, implies a peculiar form of T-B cell collaboration where the B lymphocytes binding to the foreign and activated T cells are selectively activated, suggesting that there is no absolute restriction for specific T-B cell collaboration across the histocompatibility barrier.
Adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice after in vitro activation of lymph node cells by myelin basic protein: requirement for Lyt 1+ 2- T lymphocytes.
Authors: Pettinelli C B , McFarlin D E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Optimal conditions were established for the adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL/J mice. Lymph node cells from SJL/J mice primed in vivo with myelin basic protein (BP) were incubated in vitro with BP. These cells proliferated specifically to BP and when transferred at the optimal conditions into syngeneic mice induced EAE in 100% of the recipients. The in vitro proliferative response to BP was dependent on the presence of Lyt 1+ 2- T lymphocytes. Furthermore, when the activated LNC were treated before transfer with anti-Thy 1 or anti-Lyt 1 antibody and C, neither clinical nor histologic signs were observed in the recipients, whereas treatment with anti-Lyt 2 antibody and C had no effect. These results indicated that Lyt 1+ 2- T cells are responsible for the transfer of EAE.
Specific unresponsiveness to skin allografts in anti-lymphocyte serum-treated, marrow-injected mice: participation of donor marrow-derived suppressor T cells.
Authors: Maki T , Gottschalk R , Wood M L , Monaco A P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sequential changes of cell-mediated immune reactivities were examined in anti-lymphocyte serum-(ALS) treated, C3H/He (C3H; H-2k) bone marrow-injected (C57BL/6 X A)F1 (B6AF1; H-2b/k.d) mice bearing enhanced C3H skin grafts. Spleen cells of these mice exhibited marked suppression of the proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. When the spleen cells were assayed for the direct lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against H-2k targets, their lytic activity remained low until the time of graft rejection, in contrast to the increasingly high cytotoxic activity exhibited by spleen cells of control B6AF1 mice given only ALS and C3H skin grafts. When spleen cells of marrow-injected B6AF1 mice were cultured with mitomycin-C treated C3H spleen cells, the proliferative response was significantly suppressed the throughout the course, despite the early appearance of high "secondary-type" cytotoxic activity. Co-culture experiments demonstrated the presence of C3H antigen-specific suppressor cells in the ALS-treated, marrow-injected mice bearing intact allografts. Treatment of spleen cells with anti-H-2, anti-Thy 1 and anti-I-J sera and C revealed that the suppressor cells present late in the marrow-injected mice were T cells of donor C3H bone marrow cell origin.