bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using an expert survey and user feedback to construct PRECHECK: A checklist to evaluate preprints on COVID-19 and beyond
Authors: Turoman Nora , Heyard Rachel , Schwab Simon , Furrer Eva , Vergauwe Evie , Held Leonhard 
Published: June 2023

Background: The quality of COVID-19 preprints should be considered with great care, as their contents can influence public policy. Efforts to improve preprint quality have mostly focused on introducing quick peer review, but surprisingly little has been done to calibrate the public’s evaluation of preprints and their contents. The PRECHECK project aimed to generate a tool to teach and guide scientifically literate non-experts to critically evaluate preprints, on COVID-19 and beyond. Methods: To create a checklist, we applied a four-step procedure consisting of an initial internal review, an external review by a pool of experts (methodologists, meta-researchers/experts on preprints, journal editors, and science journalists), a final internal review, and an implementation stage. For the external review step, experts rated the relevance of each element of the checklist on five-point Likert scales, and provided written feedback. After each internal review round, we applied the checklist on a set of high-quality preprints from an online list of milestone research works on COVID-19 and low-quality preprints, which were eventually retracted, to verify whether the checklist can discriminate between the two categories. Results: At the external review step, 26 of the 54 contacted experts responded. The final checklist contained four elements (Research question, study type, transparency and integrity, and limitations), with ‘superficial’ and ‘deep’ levels for evaluation. When using both levels of evaluation, the checklist was effective at discriminating high- from low-quality preprints. Its usability was confirmed in workshops with our target audience: Bachelors students in Psychology and Medicine, and science journalists. Conclusions: We created a simple, easy-to-use tool for helping scientifically literate non-experts navigate preprints with a critical mind. We believe that our checklist has great potential to help guide decisions about the quality of preprints on COVID-19 in our target audience and that this extends beyond COVID-19.
The influence of indigenous knowledge on chemistry metacognition
Authors: Tawanda Tavonga , Mudau Awelani V. 
Published: June 2023

Background: Chemistry is viewed as a difficult and challenging subject by many learners and teachers which leads to poor academic performance in the subject. The majority of the pre-service science teachers in Zimbabwean teachers’ colleges also find Chemistry to be a challenging subject. The focus of this study was to simplify and contextualize the teaching and learning of Chemistry concepts for life-long survival and problem-solving skills through exploring the influence of indigenous Chemistry knowledge on Chemistry metacognition. Methods: An embedded mixed methods case study was underpinned by the social constructivist theory, which is used to collect and analyse the data. Twenty-nine respondents were purposively sampled. Their metacognition awareness was determined through focus group interviews which are triangulated with a paper and pen test. The indigenous Chemistry knowledge possessed by the pre-service science teachers was collected using focus group interviews, which was then used in the intervention stage for Chemistry metacognition. Results: The findings suggest that indigenous knowledge influences chemistry metacognition in a positive way. Conclusions: Further research is required on the relationship between indigenous Chemistry knowledge and Chemistry metacognition. It is recommended that Chemistry educators should be capacitated with skills for identifying and applying indigenous Chemistry knowledge that is relevant to Chemistry metacognition.
Agency, moral worth and the legal status of human cerebral organoids
Authors: Jowitt Joshua 
Published: June 2023

Human cerebral organoids are an emerging medical technology whose development raises ethical questions pertinent to debates regarding how regulators ought to respond to research that makes use of them. The sentience of a non-human entity is a common focus of work exploring how moral status ought to be reflected in the law, but it is not the only threshold for moral worth suitable for this purpose. This paper considers the problem of the moral status of human cerebral organoids from the Gewirthian perspective – which holds that a special moral consideration ought to be afforded to agents through a principle of reciprocity, the Principle of Generic Consistency. This alternative framework may be preferable to the sentience-based approach due to the fact that it is proceeds from the bare agency of the observer, which provides a more certain foundation for assessments of moral worth than attempts to ascertain sentience in an observee. The paper will proceed in three main steps. It will first provide an outline of the moral writing of Alan Gewirth, which, through a dialectically necessary argument, imposes an obligation on all agents to ensure that the freedom and wellbeing of all other agents is protected from non-consensual interference. It will then turn to consider whether human cerebral organoids may be considered agents for the purpose of the Gewirthian ethical framework, and thus deserving of this special moral consideration. Lastly, the paper will outline two potential legislative responses with regards to their legal status and legal protection of any interests they may possess. These will be offered from the perspective of two competing theories of legal validity – those that hold that the moral permissibility of a legal rule is a necessary condition of its validity, and those that may see such moral permissibility as desirable though not necessary.
A Mean Field Games Model for Cryptocurrency Mining
Authors: Li Zongxi , Reppen A. Max , Sircar Ronnie 
Published: June 2023

We propose a mean field game model to study the question of how centralization of reward and computational power occur in Bitcoin-like cryptocurrencies. Miners compete against each other for mining rewards by increasing their computational power. This leads to a novel mean field game of jump intensity control, which we solve explicitly for miners maximizing exponential utility and handle numerically in the case of miners with power utilities. We show that the heterogeneity of their initial wealth distribution leads to greater imbalance of the reward distribution, and increased wealth heterogeneity over time, or a “rich get richer” effect. This concentration phenomenon is aggravated by a higher Bitcoin mining reward and reduced by competition. Additionally, an advantaged miner with cost advantages such as access to cheaper electricity, contributes a significant amount of computational power in equilibrium, unaffected by competition from less efficient miners. Hence, cost efficiency can also result in the type of centralization seen among miners of cryptocurrencies. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Funding: A. M. Reppen is partly supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation [Grant SNF 181815]. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4798 .
How pancreatic cancer impacts carers in the UK: why do we know so little?
Authors: Brown Gabrielle , Bliss Julie 
Published: June 2023

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a disease with poor life expectancy and high symptom burden. The experiences of the spouses, family and friends who care for this group is poorly understood, especially during palliative care and within the UK. Aims: To highlight the current gaps within research and provide some insight into the challenges faced by carers assisting those living with pancreatic cancer, and how community nurses can support this group. Methods: A total of five research databases were searched using the terms ‘pancreatic cancer’, ‘carer’ and ‘experience’. Cancer and palliative charity websites were also referenced for grey literature. Findings: There is limited research exploring pancreatic cancer carers experiences in the UK healthcare system and community. Available information suggests that this group is likely to face significant psychological and physical challenges to caring. Conclusions: It is vital for community nurses to have an awareness of challenges this group face, to better recognise and support these vulnerable carers.
Surgical approaches to periprosthetic femoral fractures for plate fixation or revision arthroplasty
Authors: Scott Chloe E. H. , Yapp Liam Z. , Howard Tom , Patton James T. , Moran Matthew 
Published: June 2023

Periprosthetic femoral fractures are increasing in incidence, and typically occur in frail elderly patients. They are similar to pathological fractures in many ways. The aims of treatment are the same, including 'getting it right first time' with a single operation, which allows immediate unrestricted weightbearing, with a low risk of complications, and one that avoids the creation of stress risers locally that may predispose to further peri-implant fracture. The surgical approach to these fractures, the associated soft-tissue handling, and exposure of the fracture are key elements in minimizing the high rate of complications. This annotation describes the approaches to the femur that can be used to facilitate the surgical management of peri- and interprosthetic fractures of the femur at all levels using either modern methods of fixation or revision arthroplasty.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(6):593–601.
The core outcomes for open lower limb fracture study
Authors: Aquilina Alexander L. , Claireaux Harry , Aquilina Christian O. , Tutton Elizabeth , Fitzpatrick Ray , Costa Matthew L. , Griffin Xavier L. 
Published: June 2023

AimsA core outcome set for adult, open lower limb fracture has been established consisting of ‘Walking, gait and mobility’, ‘Being able to return to life roles’, ‘Pain or discomfort’, and ‘Quality of life’. This study aims to identify which outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) should be recommended to measure each core outcome.MethodsA systematic review and quality assessment were conducted to identify existing instruments with evidence of good measurement properties in the open lower limb fracture population for each core outcome. Additionally, shortlisting criteria were developed to identify suitable instruments not validated in the target population. Candidate instruments were presented, discussed, and voted on at a consensus meeting of key stakeholders.ResultsThe Wales Lower Limb Trauma Recovery scale was identified, demonstrating validation evidence in the target population. In addition, ten candidate OMIs met the shortlisting criteria. Six patients, eight healthcare professionals, and 11 research methodologists attended the consensus meeting. Consensus was achieved for the EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) to measure ‘Quality of life’ and ‘Walking, gait and mobility’ in future research trials, audit, and clinical assessment, respectively. No instrument met consensus criteria to measure ‘Being able to return to life roles’ and ‘Pain or discomfort’. However, the EQ-5D-5L was found to demonstrate good face validity and could also be used pragmatically to measure these two outcomes, accepting limitations in sensitivity.ConclusionThis study recommends the LEFS and EQ-5D-5L to measure the core outcome set for adult open lower limb fracture.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(6):352–361.
Estruturas Essenciais de Metodologias Ativas: Um Estudo no Segmento de Educação Corporativa
Authors: Lima Marcos Antonio Martins , Batista Blússia Tétis Brito , Maciel Ilana Maria de Oliveira , Silva Jáderson Cavalcante da 
Published: June 2023

As metodologias ativas têm destaque no desenvolvimento da autonomia e do protagonismo do estudante estimulando sua conscientização e participação no processo de ensino e aprendizagem enquanto os professores se tornam facilitadores, introduzindo os alunos na construção do conhecimento. Na educação corporativa o treinando é o maior responsável pelo aprendizado cabendo ao instrutor desenvolver diferentes estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem direcionando o desenvolvimento do treinando de forma consciente. Através da gestão de pessoas, a educação corporativa incentiva o treinando a desenvolver a capacidade de aprender de forma autônoma, participativa e contínua aliando as estratégias organizacionais e pessoais. Neste sentido, o artigo, buscou delinear e realizar pesquisa sobre modelos de metodologias ativas e suas aplicações junto a profissionais de educação corporativa. Para isso, utiliza-se uma amostra de 36 (trinta e seis) profissionais atuantes na cidade de Fortaleza/CE. Os dados foram tratados por meio da técnica de Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) e indicam que as metodologias ativas permitem, aos educandos vivenciar experiências quanto a liberdade, iniciativa, interesse, responsabilidade pela avaliação da aprendizagem, diagnostico e treinamento.
PALAVRAS CHAVES: Metodologias Ativas; Educação Corporativa; Avaliação; Gestão do Conhecimento.
The leishmaniases in Kenya: A scoping review
Authors: Grifferty Grace , Shirley Hugh , O’Brien Katherine , Hirsch Jason L. , Orriols Adrienne M. , Amechi Kiira Lani , Lo Joshua , Chanda Neeharika , El Hamzaoui Sarra , Kahn Jorja , Yap Samantha V. , Watson Kyleigh E. , Curran Christina , Atef AbdelAlim Amina , Bose Neeloy , Cilfone Alissa Link , Wamai Richard 
Published: June 2023

Background
The leishmaniases are a group of four vector-borne neglected tropical diseases caused by 20 species of protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through a bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. Endemic in over 100 countries, the four types of leishmaniasis–visceral leishmaniasis (VL) (known as kala-azar), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL)–put 1.6 billion people at risk. In Kenya, the extent of leishmaniasis research has not yet been systematically described. This knowledge is instrumental in identifying existing research gaps and designing appropriate interventions for diagnosis, treatment, and elimination.

Methodology/Principal findings
This study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to determine the state of leishmaniases research in Kenya and identify research gaps. We searched seven online databases to identify articles published until January 2022 covering VL, CL, MCL, and/or PKDL in Kenya. A total of 7,486 articles were found, of which 479 underwent full-text screening, and 269 met our eligibility criteria. Most articles covered VL only (n = 141, 52%), were published between 1980 and 1994 (n = 108, 39%), and focused on the theme of “vectors” (n = 92, 34%). The most prevalent study types were “epidemiological research” (n = 88, 33%) tied with “clinical research” (n = 88, 33%), then “basic science research” (n = 49, 18%) and “secondary research” (n = 44, 16%).

Conclusion/Significance
While some studies still provide useful guidance today, most leishmaniasis research in Kenya needs to be updated and focused on prevention, co-infections, health systems/policy, and general topics, as these themes combined comprised less than 4% of published articles. Our findings also indicate minimal research on MCL (n = 1, <1%) and PKDL (n = 2, 1%). We urge researchers to renew and expand their focus on these neglected diseases in Kenya.
Optimizing health and nutrition status of migrant construction workers consuming multiple micronutrient fortified rice in Singapore
Authors: Hannes Femke , Moon Kevin , Moench Pfanner Regina 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionA well-nourished workforce is instrumental in eradicating hunger, alleviating poverty, and spurring economic growth. A fifth of the total workforce in high-income countries are migrant workers. Despite the accessibility of nutritious foods in high-income countries, migrant workers often rely on nutrient-poor diets largely consisting of empty calories, which in turn leads to vitamin and mineral deficiency, also called hidden hunger, and resultant productivity loss. Here, we study the magnitude of hidden hunger in male migrant construction workers in Singapore and investigate the impact of consuming fortified rice for 6 consecutive months on the nutrition and health status of these workers.Methods140 male migrant workers aged 20–51 years of either Bangladeshi or Indian ethnicity from a single dormitory in Singapore volunteered to participate in the study. In total, 133 blood samples were taken at the start of the study and were used to assess vitamin B12, hemoglobin, ferritin, folate, and zinc levels; a sub-sample underwent for homocysteine testing. Anthropometric measurements and vital signs, such as blood pressure, were recorded before and after the intervention.ResultsThe results show that vitamin and mineral deficiency was present, especially folate (59% of workers deficient) and vitamin B12 (7% deficient, 31% marginally deficient). The consumption of fortified rice significantly improved the vitamin, iron and zinc level in the workers and significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure amongst the Bangladeshi migrant workers, specifically.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that fortified rice may have a positive impact on male migrant construction worker health and nutrition status at the workplace.
Cytotoxic properties of unfractionated and fractionated bromelain alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Tsai Kuei-Yen , Wei Po-Li , Azarkan Mohamed , M’Rabet Nasiha , Makondi Precious Takondwa , Chen Hsin-An , Huang Chien-Yu , Chang Yu-Jia 
Published: June 2023

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Long-term survival is not achieved in metastatic CRC despite the current multidisciplinary therapies. Bromelain, a compound extracted from the pineapple plant, has multiple functions and anticancer properties. Previously, bromelain has been chromatographically separated into four fractions. Fraction 3 (F3) exhibits the highest proteolytic activity. The anticancer effects of F3 bromelain in CRC cells is unknown.

Methods
In vitro cytotoxicity was verified through a sulforhodamine B assay. Apoptosis in CRC cells induced by unfractionated or F3 bromelain was examined using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and Western blot analysis. ROS status, autophagy and lysosome formation were determined by specific detection kit.

Results
The cytotoxicity of F3 bromelain in CRC cells was found to be comparable to that of unfractionated bromelain. F3 bromelain induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in CRC cells. Treatment with unfractionated or F3 bromelain increased superoxide and oxidative stress levels and autophagy and lysosome formation. ATG5/12 and beclin-1 were upregulated, and the conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II was increased significantly by treatment with F3 bromelain. Treated CQ, autophagy inhibitor, with unfractionated or F3 bromelain enhances the cytotoxic effects. Finally, the combination of unfractionated and F3 bromelain with a routine chemotherapeutic agent (5-fluourouracil, irinotecan, or oxaliplatin) resulted in synergistically higher cytotoxic potency in CRC cells.

Conclusion
Unfractionated and F3 bromelain inhibits CRC cell proliferation in vitro, and the cytotoxic effects of unfractionated bromelain are equivalent to F3 bromelain. F3 bromelain may be a potential and potent drug for clinical use due to its anticancer efficacy and high synergistic cytotoxicity when combined with a routine chemotherapeutic agent for CRC.
The impact of a rosemary containing drink on event-related potential neural markers of sustained attention
Authors: Riby Leigh Martin , Edwards Sheridan , McDonald Heather , Moss Mark 
Published: June 2023

Background
Research suggests that the ingestion or aroma of rosemary enhances cognitive ability in both rodents and humans. However, how rosemary facilitates cognition and the precise therapeutic impacts on information processing remains unclear.

Hypothesis/purpose
This pilot study used the temporal precision of event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine the cognitive-enhancing benefits of a rosemary drink. Neural markers of sustained attention were used as indices to explore whether rosemary facilitates concentration in general or the allocation of resources to task-relevant information only.

Study design and methods
In a between-subject design (rosemary vs water control drink), 48 adults performed a 3-stimulus visual oddball task. Participants differentiated between rare target stimuli (index of task-relevant attentional processes; P3b ERP) embedded in a train of frequent stimuli. The presentation of an infrequent novel stimulus was also included (index of task-irrelevant stimulus processing; P3a ERP). Throughout the session, electroencephalograms (EEG) were collected and time-locked to the presentation of the target (P3b) and novel (P3a) stimulus types.

Results
The primary analyses revealed facilitation of the P3a in particular with a medium Cohen’s effect size reported. The investigation of the P3b component, although less reliable, also had a medium effect. The subsidiary consideration of the association between behaviour and the ERPs provided a further level of explanation regarding the therapeutic effect of rosemary on cognition. Indeed, the pattern of associations was suggestive of strategy differences during the performance of the task across the treatment group., although these data should be treated with caution.

Conclusions
These pilot data provide critical insights into the utility of rosemary to facilitate different aspects of attention. In particular, data are consistent with rosemary providing additional attentional resources to enhance the processing of stimuli we encounter, irrespective of task relevance. Indeed, the enhancement of both P3a and P3b components following rosemary administration may indicate that the herb enhances the processing of all stimuli in the environment. We argue for the use of both behavioural and EEG methods to explore the therapeutic effects of herbal compounds.