bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia complicated a case of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and multiple sclerosis after treatment with rituximab
Authors: Sadeghi Haddad Zavareh Mahmoud , Mehdinezhad Hamed , Mehraeen Rahele , Golparvar Azizi Mohammad , Tavakoli Pirzaman Ali 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageAlthough immunodeficient patients are less prone to develop Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐mediated cytokine storm, secondary infections can cause serious complications in this vulnerable population. They are more likely to develop opportunistic infections that can mimic the symptoms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Herein, we presented a 27‐year‐old male patient of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, who was complicated with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), following treatment with rituximab. First, he was hospitalized for 5 days with fever, cough, and dyspnea due to COVID‐19 infection, and treated with remdesivir and glucocorticoid. Then, he has been referred to our center with cough, dyspnea, body pain, and fever. Due to persistent fever, the progression of pulmonary lesions, and reduced oxygen saturation, we began treatment with piperacillin + tazobactam, vancomycin, and levofloxacin. Nevertheless, the patient's fever did not stop after the aforementioned empiric treatment and his condition got worse and he was admitted to the intensive care unit. The result of BAL fluid, tested for P. jirovecii by RT‐PCR, turned out to be positive. Therefore, we started trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole and dexamethasone, which improved his condition. We hope this article helps clinicians consider causes other than COVID‐19, especially opportunistic infections such as PJP, in patients with respiratory symptoms and fever.
Tolerance of little bluestem to ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in Pennsylvania
Authors: Landschoot Peter 
Published: June 2023

Core Ideas
ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides cause foliar injury and stunting of little bluestem culms/inflorescences.
Sethoxydim, fluazifop, and quizalofop cause moderate to severe foliar injury on little bluestem.
Sethoxydim, fluazifop, and quizalofop cause severe stunting of little bluestem culms/inflorescences.
Fenoxaprop produces only minor foliar injury and moderate stunting of little bluestem culms/inflorescences.
Fenoxaprop produced less foliar injury and stunting than sethoxydim, fluazifop, and quizalofop.
Iodine loaded nanoparticles with commercial applicability increase survival in mice cancer models with low degree of side effects
Authors: Falkenberg Torkel , Larsson Olivia , Hedin Bengt , Shiraki Shigeru , Karita Takahisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe recorded use of iodine in medicine, dates to 5000 BC. Molecular iodine (I2) has been claimed to exert an antineoplastic effect that triggers apoptotic and re‐differentiation mechanisms in different types of cancer cells in animal studies. Hitherto, all experiments published have been carried out with I2 diluted in water preparations resulting in the administration of ionized iodide, either alone or in combination with low levels of I2. To maximize the levels of I2 by avoiding water solutions we have managed to develop a colloidal nano particle (NP) loaded with I2 with a Z‐average of 7‐23 nm with remarkable stability, preferable osmolality and commercial applicability.AimsHere we report the results from formulation and pre‐clinical studies with the rationale: a) to find a tolerable dose of the I2 NP system delivered intravenously or per‐orally, and b) to determine if the tolerable doses are efficacious in murine models of cancer.Methods and ResultsA novel drug delivery system with I2 NP was formulated and murine cancer models with CT26, MDA‐MB‐231 and LL/2 cells were used to analyse the efficacy. Despite the formulation challenges we were successful in constructing stable NPs loaded with I2 which have convincing commercial applicability. We conclude that administration of the NP I2 drug delivery system: 1. Blunted tumour growth in a xenograft breast cancer model; 2. Had a significant effect on survival in the orthotopic, syngeneic lung metastasis model; 3. Showed reduced tumour burden in post‐mortem evaluation and; 4. Was associated with low degree of side effects.ConclusionsTaken all together, our findings indicate that the NP I2 drug delivery system may serve as a novel effective cancer treatment with low degree of side effects. This is something which needs further exploration including confirmation in future clinical trials.
Global Minimum Search and Bonding Analysis of Tl2Hx and Tl3Hy (x=0–6; y=0–5) Series
Authors: Pozdeev Anton S. , Rublev Pavel , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Rao Yi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA remarkable distinction between boron and carbon hydrides lies in their extremely different bonding patterns and chemical reactivity, resulting in diverse areas of application. Particularly, carbon, characterized by classical two‐center – two‐electron bonds, gives rise to organic chemistry. In contrast, boron forms numerous exotic and non‐intuitive compounds collectively called non‐classical structures. It is reasonable to anticipate that other elements of Group 13 exhibit their own unusual bonding patterns; however, our knowledge of the hydride chemistry for other elements in Group 13 is much more limited, especially for the heaviest stable element, thallium. In this work, we performed a conformational analysis of Tl2Hx and Tl3Hy (x=0–6, y=0–5) series via Coalescence Kick global minimum search algorithm, DFT, and ab initio quantum chemistry methods; we investigated the bonding pattern using the AdNDP algorithm, thermodynamic stability, and stability toward electron detachment. All found global minimum structures are classified as non‐classical structures featuring at least one multi‐center bond.
Unoccupied aerial systems imagery for phenotyping in cotton, maize, soybean, and wheat breeding
Authors: Herr Andrew W. , Adak Alper , Carroll Matthew E. , Elango Dinakaran , Kar Soumyashree , Li Changying , Jones Sarah E. , Carter Arron H. , Murray Seth C. , Paterson Andrew , Sankaran Sindhuja , Singh Arti , Singh Asheesh K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) with unoccupied aerial systems (UAS), consisting of unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAV; or drones) and sensor(s), is an increasingly promising tool for plant breeders and researchers. Enthusiasm and opportunities from this technology for plant breeding are similar to the emergence of genomic tools ∼30 years ago, and genomic selection more recently. Unlike genomic tools, HTP provides a variety of strategies in implementation and utilization that generate big data on the dynamic nature of plant growth formed by temporal interactions between growth and environment. This review lays out strategies deployed across four major staple crop species: cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), maize (Zea maysL.), soybean (Glycine maxL.), and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Each crop highlighted in this review demonstrates how UAS‐collected data are employed to automate and improve estimation or prediction of objective phenotypic traits. Each crop section includes four major topics: (a) phenotyping of routine traits, (b) phenotyping of previously infeasible traits, (c) sample cases of UAS application in breeding, and (d) implementation of phenotypic and phenomic prediction and selection. While phenotyping of routine agronomic and productivity traits brings advantages in time and resource optimization, the most potentially beneficial application of UAS data is in collecting traits that were previously difficult or impossible to quantify, improving selection efficiency of important phenotypes. In brief, UAS sensor technology can be used for measuring abiotic stress, biotic stress, crop growth and development, as well as productivity. These applications and the potential implementation of machine learning strategies allow for improved prediction, selection, and efficiency within breeding programs, making UAS HTP a potentially indispensable asset.
Assessment of seed system interventions for biofortified orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) in Malawi
Authors: Nyirenda Zephania , Nyondo Christone , Jogo Wellingtone , Hareau Guy , Okello Julius , Gatto Marcel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe International Potato Center (CIP) has collaboratively implemented various demand‐pull and supply‐push interventions since 2006 to develop the seed system for biofortified orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) (Ipomoea batatas) varieties in Malawi. Consequently, the adoption of OFSP varieties has increased to 30%. Nevertheless, the actual adoption rates, the contribution of these interventions to the seed system development, and the extent to which the current policy and regulatory environment facilitated or impeded the availability and access to quality planting materials by smallholder farmers are not well understood. This study explored these critical issues using desk reviews and qualitative information with OFSP subsector stakeholders. The results reveal that most of the critical nodes of the OFSP seed system are underdeveloped. However, CIP backstopping interventions to the national research systems contributed significantly to building Malawi's capacity for producing clean early‐generation seed materials. In addition, CIP has played a critical role in developing the community‐level capacity to produce and disseminate clean vines through the introduction of decentralized vine multipliers and commercial vine multipliers. The study recommends integrating formal and informal seed systems for vegetatively propagated crops to improve access to quality planting materials by farmers. Second, government and development partners (CGIAR centers, Nongovernmental Organization) should progressively promote/create demand for OFSPs among consumers because of the strong association between the biofortified OFSP varieties and nutrition. Lastly, there is need for government and development partners to establish and increase OFSP interventions in the Northern and Central regions of Malawi.
The effects of sleep disruption on metabolism, hunger, and satiety, and the influence of psychosocial stress and exercise: A narrative review
Authors: Rogers Emily M. , Banks Nile F. , Jenkins Nathaniel D. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSleep deficiency is a ubiquitous phenomenon among Americans. In fact, in the United States, ∼78% of teens and 35% of adults currently get less sleep than recommended for their age‐group, and the quality of sleep appears to be getting worse for many. The consequences of sleep disruption manifest in a myriad of ways, including insulin resistance and disrupted nutrient metabolism, dysregulation of hunger and satiety, and potentially increased body weight and adiposity. Consequently, inadequate sleep is related to an increased risk of various cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Exercise has the potential to be an effective therapeutic to counteract the deleterious effects of sleep disruption listed above, whereas chronic psychosocial stress may causally promote sleep disruption and cardiometabolic risk. Here, we provide a narrative review of the current evidence on the consequences of short sleep duration and poor sleep quality on substrate metabolism, circulating appetite hormones, hunger and satiety, and weight gain. Secondly, we provide a brief overview of chronic psychosocial stress and its impact on sleep and metabolic health. Finally, we summarise the current evidence regarding the ability of exercise to counteract the adverse metabolic health effects of sleep disruption. Throughout the review, we highlight areas where additional interrogation and future exploration are necessary.
The World Health Organization has endorsed COVID‐19 is no longer a global public health emergency: How they took this step and what we should do right now?
Authors: Roknuzzaman A. S. M. , Sarker Rapty , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: June 2023

Highlights

The ending or beginning of a pandemic depends on several factors, such as the nature of the virus, the effectiveness of public health measures, and the accessibility of treatments and vaccines.
The World Health Organization has declared COVID‐19 is no longer a public health emergency of international concern due to decreasing rates of infections, hospitalizations, deaths, ICU intake, and mass immunisation against the virus.
The pandemic phase of COVID‐19 does not necessarily mean that the world has eradicated the coronavirus, and maybe there will have some sporadic outbreaks due to new variants and a lack of safety measures, treatments, and vaccines.
Therefore, the healthcare authorities should emphasise strengthening health systems, engaging in active risk communication and community engagement, promoting preventative measures, integrating surveillance systems, and endorsing vaccination as a routine programme.
The highest Duffy (FYX) allele frequency ever reported for Scottish population: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Armstrong‐Fisher Sylvia , Urbaniak Stan , Karimi Rouzbahani Arian , Hemmati Chegeni Mona , Mahmoudvand Golnaz , Varzi Ali Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe Duffy (FY) blood group system has six known antigens among which the Fya and Fyb are known as major antigens. Fyx phenotype forms as a result of two point mutations in the FYB allele leading to instability of Duffy protein and so reduction of Duffy antigen expression in the cells. This study aimed to investigate the FYX allele frequency in the Scottish population.MethodsThe Duffy blood group system was serologically and molecularly investigated in 222 samples collected from donors of Aberdeen Regional Blood Transfusion Center (BTC). The haemagglutination and BeadChip microarray chemistry methods were used for phenotyping and genotyping. Confirmatory tests were also used to check the discrepant results.ResultsIn this study, the frequency of Duffy blood group phenotypes including Fya+, Fya+b+, and Fyb+ were 17.57%, 42.79%, and 39.64%, respectively. Furthermore, the frequency of FYA/FYA, FYA/FYB, and FYB/FYB genotypes was estimated to be 14.41%, 45.95%, and 39.64%, respectively, using the Bioarray method. In the present study, based on Duffy DNA sequencing results, 12 samples (5.41%) had just one FYX allele.ConclusionThe frequency of the FYX allele in this study was estimated to be 0.0270% which is more than the results reported so far.
Effect of the postpartum hemorrhage intervention package implementation in a fourth‐level hospital in Latin America
Authors: Riascos Natalia , Loaiza‐Osorio Sara , Monroy Angelica , Barona Juan Sebastián , Carvajal Javier , Echavarria María Paula , Nasner Daniela , Escobar María Fernanda 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of intervention packages for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) management in pregnant women hospitalized in a High Obstetric Complexity Unit in a Latin American country.MethodsRetrospective cohort study including pregnant women with PPH attended between January 2011 to December 2019. Three periods of time were defined according to management strategies We performed univariate and multivariate robust Poisson regression logistic models for each of the outcomes derived from each period.ResultsWe included 602 patients. There was a reduction in period 3 of the incidence of massive PPH (16% versus 12% P < 0.001, relative risk [RR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44–0.85; P = 0.003), major surgery (24%, 13%, 11%, P = 0.002, RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33–0.883; P = 0.014), and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (14%, 7%, 6.1%, P = 0.0, RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17–0.96 P = 0.00).ConclusionThe implementation of PPH intervention packages in a hospital in a middle‐income country from Latin America, led to a significant decrease in the incidence of massive bleeding, the rate of major surgery, and the ICU stay of pregnant women affected by this condition.
Timing of intra‐abdominal aortic balloon occlusion for prevention of hemorrhage in patients with placenta previa and placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Huang Fusen , Wang Jingjie , Liu Xiaonan , Xiong Qiuju , Wang Wenjian , Xu Yi , Pan Yaping , Yang Xiaojuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivePlacenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has been linked to severe negative maternal–fetal pregnancy outcomes, including a high risk of maternal death. The goal of this study was to determine whether an abdominal aortic balloon block performed before fetal birth lowered intraoperative bleeding and the risk of severe bleeding, as opposed to a block performed after fetal birth.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent pre‐delivery or post‐delivery inflation were compared for intraoperative hemorrhage, transfusion rate, hysterectomy rate, intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, and newborn indices. To ensure the robustness of our findings, we applied multivariate logistic regression, propensity score analysis, and an inverse probability‐weighting model.ResultsThis study included 168 patients who underwent balloon occlusion (62 pre‐delivery, 106 post‐delivery). The overall probability of major bleeding was 56.5% (95/168), and the pre‐delivery and post‐delivery probabilities for major bleeding were 64.5% (40/62) and 51.9% (55/106) (P = 0.112), respectively. In the multivariable‐adjusted model, post‐delivery inflation was associated with a 33% numerically higher probability of massive bleeding (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 0.54–3.25, P = 0.535). However, the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionAccording to our findings, pre‐delivery inflation did not significantly reduce the risk or amount of severe bleeding.
Toxicological safety assessment of AP‐Bio®, a standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Murugan Sasi Kumar , Bethapudi Bharathi , Rao Amara Nageswara , Allan Joseph Joshua , Mundkinajeddu Deepak , D'Souza Prashanth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAndrographis paniculata, commonly known as green chiretta, is a traditionally used plant in India, China, and Southeast Asian countries for its varied health benefits including immune health. The objective of the present study was to assess the safety of AP‐Bio®, a standardized A. paniculata extract in Sprague Dawley rats by following the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines of acute and 90‐day repeated dose sub‐chronic toxicity studies. AP‐Bio® did not show any treatment‐related clinical signs of toxicity or mortality during the 14‐day observation period in animals tested in the single‐dose acute oral toxicity study up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. In the 90‐day repeated dose sub‐chronic oral toxicity study, no treatment‐related adverse clinical signs were observed in any of the treated groups (300, 600, and 900 mg/kg). All treated animals showed usual weight gain and comparable feed intake. The ophthalmoscope examination did not reveal any abnormalities. Also, no toxicologically significant changes were observed in urinalysis, hematology, and blood chemistry parameters. Absolute organ weights and relative organ weights of vital organs did not differ significantly compared to control. Gross and histopathological findings did not show any remarkable and treatment‐related changes. Results of the safety evaluation showed the median lethal dose (LD50) of AP‐Bio® was found to be more than 5000 mg/kg rat body weight and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of AP‐Bio® was found to be 900 mg/kg rat body weight.
Environment‐friendly g‐C3N4/SnO2/BiPO4 for enhanced Rhodamine B photocatalysis under visible‐light
Authors: Zhao Hong‐jian , Zhou Yan , Wu Ren‐Jang , Yu Zhe , Wu Zhi‐qiang , Li Xu , Han Zheng‐bing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveA highly active and stable composite photocatalyst which can be used in practical environmental remediation was developed.Methodsg‐C3N4/SnO2/BiPO4 ternary composites (CN/SO/BPO) were synthesised via simple impregnation, and their texture structure, morphology, and surface composition were deeply characterized.ResultsIn just 25 min under visible‐light radiation, CN/SO/BPO almost eliminated rhodamine B, and the observed rate constant for the reaction was almost 36 and 3 times higher in comparison to that of CN/BPO and SO/BPO, respectively.ConclusionsOn the basis of experimental outcomes and DFT calculation, the direct Z‐type structure of CN/SO/BPO lead to the improved photogenerated charge separation efficiency, as confirmed by surface photovoltage spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and transient photocurrent responses.
Vascular calcification in CKD: New insights into its mechanisms
Authors: Ding Nannan , Lv Yaodong , Su Hong , Wang Ziyang , Kong Xianglei , Zhen Junhui , Lv Zhimei , Wang Rong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVascular calcification (VC) is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, effective therapies are still unavailable at present. It has been well established that VC associated with CKD is not a passive process of calcium phosphate deposition, but an actively regulated and cell‐mediated process that shares many similarities with bone formation. Additionally, numerous studies have suggested that CKD patients have specific risk factors and contributors to the development of VC, such as hyperphosphatemia, uremic toxins, oxidative stress and inflammation. Although research efforts in the past decade have greatly improved our knowledge of the multiple factors and mechanisms involved in CKD‐related VC, many questions remain unanswered. Moreover, studies from the past decade have demonstrated that epigenetic modifications abnormalities, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs, play an important role in the regulation of VC. This review seeks to provide an overview of the pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of VC associated with CKD, mainly focusing on the involvement of epigenetic modifications in the initiation and progression of uremic VC, with the aim to develop promising therapies for CKD‐related cardiovascular events in the future.
Shielding and nurturing: Fibronectin as a modulator of cancer drug resistance
Authors: Farooq Faizah , Amin Asif , Wani Umer Majeed , Lone Asif , Qadri Raies A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapies constitute a common hallmark of most cancers and represent a dominant factor fostering tumor relapse and metastasis. Fibronectin, an abundant extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has long been proposed to play an important role in the pathobiology of cancer. Recent research has unraveled the role of Fibronectin in the onset of chemoresistance against a variety of antineoplastic drugs including DNA‐damaging agents, hormone receptor antagonists, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, microtubule destabilizing agents, etc. The current review summarizes the role played by Fibronectin in mediating drug resistance against diverse anticancer drugs. We have also discussed how the aberrant expression of Fibronectin drives the oncogenic signaling pathways ultimately leading to drug resistance through the inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of cancer cell growth and proliferation.