bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal expression patterns of transcription factors and markers for interstitial cells in the larval zebrafish
Authors: Nikaido Masataka , Shirai Ayaka , Mizumaki Yumiko , Shigenobu Shuji , Ueno Naoto , Hatta Kohei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFor the digestion of food, it is important for the gut to be differentiated regionally and to have proper motor control. However, the number of transcription factors that regulate its development is still limited. Meanwhile, the interstitial cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are necessary for intestinal motility in addition to the enteric nervous system. There are anoctamine1 (Ano1)‐positive and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α (Pdgfra)‐positive interstitial cells in mammal, but Pdgfra‐positive cells have not been reported in the zebrafish. To identify new transcription factors involved in GI tract development, we used RNA sequencing comparing between larval and adult gut. We isolated 40 transcription factors that were more highly expressed in the larval gut. We demonstrated expression patterns of the 13 genes, 7 of which were newly found to be expressed in the zebrafish larval gut. Six of the 13 genes encode nuclear receptors. The osr2 is expressed in the anterior part, while foxP4 in its distal part. Also, we reported the expression pattern of pdgfra for the first time in the larval zebrafish gut. Our data provide fundamental knowledge for studying vertebrate gut regionalization and motility by live imaging using zebrafish.
The evolving continuum of dysglycaemia: Non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia in older adults
Authors: Golding J. , Hope S. V. , Chakera A. J. , Puttanna A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIdentifying non‐diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) and intervening to halt the progression to type 2 diabetes has become an essential component of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk reduction. Diabetes prevention programs have been instigated to address the increasing prevalence of NDH and type 2 diabetes by targeting lifestyle modifications. Evidence suggests that the risk of progression from NDH to type 2 diabetes declines with age, and that a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in older adults is not associated with the same risk of adverse consequences as it is in younger age groups. The current definition of NDH is not adjusted based on a person's age. Therefore, there is debate about the emphasis that should be placed upon a diagnosis of NDH in older adults. This article will explore the evidence and current clinical practice surrounding dysglycaemia through the spectrum of different age ranges, and the potential implications this has for older adults.
Suboptimal macronutrient ratios promote cannibalism in a generalist herbivore (Trichoplusia ni)
Authors: Randall Brendan A. , Cinto Mejía Elizeth , Hauri Kayleigh C. , Wetzel William C. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Discretional cannibalism is a widespread phenomenon among lepidopteran herbivores. Herbivores encounter variation in dietary nutrient quality when foraging, which alters feeding behaviour, as well as population‐ and trophic‐level dynamics. For example, plant resistance traits directly influence feeding patterns in insect herbivores through reduced consumption of plant tissue and increased rates of cannibalism.
However, the effects of dietary composition, in particular unbalanced macronutrient ratios, on driving cannibalism remain unknown.
We examined the effects of unbalanced macronutrient ratios on cannibalism in the generalist caterpillar Trichoplusia ni using an artificial diet experiment with varied ratios of two important macronutrients: protein and carbohydrates. We quantified cannibalistic behaviour from the second instar to pupation and measured survival among cannibals and non‐cannibals to understand the long‐term and short‐term costs and benefits of cannibalism.
Caterpillars in high carbohydrate, low protein treatments cannibalised 20% more than the optimum control diet treatment, whereas herbivores in high protein, low carbohydrate treatments cannibalised 33% more than herbivores reared on the optimum macronutrient diet treatment. Survival of cannibals in macronutrient‐deficient diet treatments was 10.4%, compared with 76.9% for cannibals in the optimal macronutrient diet treatment.
While previous work demonstrates the importance of induced chemical defence in promoting shifts to cannibalism, our results indicate that unbalanced macronutrient ratios can also promote cannibalism in insect herbivores. We propose that understanding how unbalanced macronutrient ratios drive cannibalism yields insight into how dietary quality, including both plant resistance traits and plant nutrients, influences behavioural plasticity and mediates plant–herbivore interactions.
Platelet transfusions and predictors of bleeding in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Mo Allison , Wood Erica , Shortt Jake , Hu Erin , McQuilten Zoe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the burden of thrombocytopenia, supportive care practices, bleeding complications and predictors of bleeding in MDS patients within a large Australian hospital network, to better understand the use and effectiveness of platelet transfusions in MDS.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients aged ≥18 years with MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia or MDS/myeloproliferative overlap neoplasm admitted from 2016 to 2018 was conducted. Data were obtained from hospital medical records.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐nine patients (median age 78 years, 61.5% male) were identified. The median platelet count at first admission was 90 × 109/L. Twenty‐eight (15.6%) patients had severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <20 × 109/L), of whom nine (32.1%) received prophylactic platelet transfusions, five (17.9%) received tranexamic acid (TXA), seven (25%) received both platelet transfusions and TXA, and seven (25%) received no treatment. Bleeding events requiring hospitalisation occurred in 20 (11.2%) patients. Bleeding was not predicted by presenting platelet count, TXA use, platelet transfusion or anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapies. Three patients died of bleeding, at varying platelet counts (18, 38 and 153 × 109/L).ConclusionThrombocytopenia is common in MDS. Although guidelines recommend otherwise, prophylactic platelet transfusions were commonly used for severe thrombocytopenia. Despite the majority of patients receiving platelet transfusions and/or TXA, 11% developed major bleeding occurring at a wide range of platelet counts.
Sex and stress hormone dysregulation as clinical manifestations of hypothalamic function in migraine disorder: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Beech Erin L. , Riddell Nina , Murphy Melanie J. , Crewther Sheila G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMigraine is a leading cause of disability in young adults. It occurs more frequently in females, often comorbidly with stress disorders, suggesting an association with hypothalamic sex and stress hormonal function and a likely interaction with autonomic nervous system activation. Thus, this study aimed to meta‐analyse current literature pertaining to female and male sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone and testosterone concentration), hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) cortisol responses and heart rate variability (HRV) in migraineurs and controls aged 13–65 years. A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science databases on 29/08/2022 identified 29 studies for meta‐analysis (encompassing 719 migraineur and 592 control participants) that met inclusion and NHLBI risk of bias criteria. Results demonstrated that estrogen concentrations of female migraineurs were reduced (g = −.60, 95% CI [−.91, −.29], p < .001) in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, compared to controls. No differences were found in progesterone levels overall in female migraineurs, nor in testosterone levels in male migraineurs compared to controls. Further, early diurnal cortisol concentrations were elevated (g = .32, 95% CI [.00, .63], p = .036) in female and male migraineurs compared to controls, though no differences were found in HRV of female or male migraineurs compared to controls. These findings of dysregulation of estrogen in females and cortisol dysregulation in female and male migraineurs indicate perturbed hypothalamic function and highlight the association of migraine with stress and the need for further rigorous investigation of hypothalamic neuroendocrine functions in migraineurs of both sexes.
High‐dose folic acid and cancer risk; unjustified concerns by von Wrede and colleagues regarding our paper
Authors: Bjørk Marte‐Helene , Tomson Torbjörn , Dreier Julie Werenberg , Alvestad Silje , Gilhus Nils Erik , Gissler Mika , Igland Jannicke , Leinonen Maarit K. , Sun Yuelian , Vegrim Håkon Magne , Zoega Helga , Christensen Jakob 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWomen using antiseizure medication in pregnancy are often advised to use high doses of folic acid supplements (1mg to 5 mg) to reduce the risk of teratogenicity. Recently, we published a report showing an association between maternal prescription fill of high dose folic acid in relation to pregnancy and childhood cancer in the offspring. The report has sparked a debate about which dose of folic acid that should be recommended in pregnancy in women in need of antiseizure medication. In this Commentary, we explain our findings and the method used in our report, and answer recent questions that have emerged.
Anuran juveniles avoid preying on aggressive ant species
Authors: Naganawa Ken , Okada Yasukazu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnts occupy huge biomass in the terrestrial ecosystem. Several ant species are highly aggressive and equipped with venomous stingers and/or formic acid. Therefore, ants are abundant but potentially unpalatable prey for some predators. So far, however, the role of ants as prey is not well understood. In this study, we focused anurans (frogs and toads) as one of the major predators of terrestrial arthropods. Using two anuran species and three ant species sharing the habitats, we asked two questions. First, we hypothesized that the anuran preference for prey is ant‐species specific, and tested whether anuran prey preference is affected by ant aggressiveness. Second, we hypothesized that the anurans may innately avoid aggressive ants. To test this hypothesis, ant‐naïve anuran juveniles (Bufo toad and Rana frog) were reared from tadpoles, and juveniles' preferences for three ant species with variable aggressiveness were tested. The exposure to different ant species showed that anuran juveniles highly avoided aggressive ants (Lasius and Brachyponera) compared to less aggressive ants (Tetramorium). Additionally, ant‐naive juvenile toads avoided the aggressive ants without prior experience. In contrast, ant‐naïve juvenile frogs attacked the most of firstly encountered ants and then learned to avoid the unpalatable ants. These findings suggest that (1) some anurans selectively avoid aggressive ant species, (2) Bufo toads have innate avoidance to some ants, while Rana frogs learn to avoid the unpalatable prey.
Generalized pustular psoriasis‐like widespread eruption following COVID‐19 infection in a patient with spondyloarthropathy on adalimumab
Authors: Kamal Kanika , Riew Grant J. , Hijaz Baraa , Helfgott Simon M. , Laga Alvaro C. , Nambudiri Vinod E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a form of pustular psoriasis that is distinguished by recurring or persistent outbreaks of non‐acral primary sterile pustules. These eruptions can occur with or without systemic inflammation. Various factors, such as medications, stress and viral infection, have been identified as potential triggers for GPP flares. While several cases have detailed GPP‐like eruptions in the setting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection, few have explored the interplay between infection and biologic use in the development of GPP. In this case, we detail the history and management of a 45‐year‐old male patient with a prior history of spondyloarthropathy managed on a tumour necrosis factor‐α inhibitor and recent COVID‐19 infection presenting with a new, spreading pustular rash.
Characterization of fatigue behavior of AA2024‐T351 aluminum alloy
Authors: Khadimallah Aymen , Petit Johann , Hfaiedh Naila , Znaidi Amna 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper aims to investigate the fatigue behavior of the widely used AA2024‐T351 aluminum alloy in the aircraft industry. An experimental program was conducted to study the fatigue life and damage behavior under symmetrical tensile‐compressive loading. Cyclic tests in the low cycle fatigue regime were performed under fully reversed total strain amplitudes from 0.6% to 1.2%. The AA2024‐T351 alloy exhibited cyclic hardening until failure. Symmetric high cycle fatigue tests were also performed and the parameters for fatigue life estimation using the Manson–Coffin–Basquin model were identified. Elasto‐plastic behavior was analyzed through stress–strain hysteresis loops, evaluating kinematic and isotropic hardenings. Kinematic hardening was found to be strain amplitude dependent, unlike the isotropic hardening. The evolution of the isotropic variable with the percentage of fatigue life could be described by an exponential law. Fractography investigations showed crack initiation at the specimen border with quasi‐cleavage and then crack propagating by striation before ductile fracture.
Tropical estuarine ecosystem change under the interacting influences of future climate and ecosystem restoration
Authors: Smith Mason , Chagaris David , Paperno Richard , Markwith Scott 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne of the largest restoration programs in the world, the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) aims to restore freshwater inputs to Everglades wetlands and the Florida Bay estuary. This study predicted how the Florida Bay ecosystem may respond to hydrological restoration from CERP within the context of contemporary projected impacts of sea‐level rise (SLR) and increased future temperatures. A spatial–temporal dynamic model (Ecospace) was used to develop a spatiotemporal food web model incorporating environmental drivers of salinity, salinity variation, temperature, depth, distance to mangrove, and seagrass abundance and was used to predict responses of biomass, fisheries catch, and ecosystem resilience between current and future conditions. Changes in biomass between the current and future scenario suggest a suite of winners and losers, with many estuarine species increasing in both total biomass and spatial distribution. Notable biomass increases were predicted for important forage species, including bay anchovy (+32%), hardhead halfbeak (+19%), and pinfish (+31%), while decreases were predicted in mullet (−88%), clupeids (−55%), hardhead silverside (−15%), mojarras (−117%), and Portunid crabs (−16%). Increases in sportfish biomass included the angler‐preferred spotted seatrout (+9%), red drum (+10%), and gray snapper (+8%), while decreases included sheepshead (−40%), Atlantic tarpon (−73%), and common snook (−507%). Ecosystem resilience and fisheries catch of angler‐preferred species were predicted to improve in the future scenario in total, although a localized decline in resilience predicted for the Central Region may warrant further attention. Our results suggest the Florida Bay ecosystem is likely to achieve restoration benefits in spite of, and in some cases facilitated by, the projected future impacts from climate change due to the system's shallow depth and detrital dominance. The incorporation of climate impacts into long‐term restoration planning using ecosystem modeling in similar systems facing unknown futures of SLR, warming seas, and shifting species distributions is recommended.
Why do people choose not to take part in screening? Qualitative interview study of atrial fibrillation screening nonparticipation
Authors: Hoare Sarah , Thomas Gwilym P. A. , Powell Alison , Armstrong Natalie , Mant Jonathan , Burt Jenni 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionWhile screening uptake is variable, many individuals feel they ‘ought’ to participate in screening programmes to aid the detection of conditions amenable to early treatment. Those not taking part in screening are often presented as either hindered by practical or social barriers or personally at fault. Why some people choose not to participate receives less consideration.MethodsWe explored screening nonparticipation by examining the accounts of participants who chose not to participate in screening offered by a national research trial of atrial fibrillation (AF) screening in England (SAFER: Screening for Atrial Fibrillation with ECG to Reduce stroke). AF is a heart arrhythmia that increases in prevalence with age and increases the risk of stroke. Systematic screening for AF is not a nationally adopted programme within the United Kingdom; it provides a unique opportunity to explore screening nonparticipation outside of the norms and values attached to existing population‐based screening programmes. We interviewed people aged over 65 (n = 50) who declined an invitation from SAFER and analysed their accounts thematically.ResultsBeyond practical reasons for nonparticipation, interviewees challenged the utility of identifying and managing AF earlier. Many questioned the benefits of screening at their age. The trial's presentation of the screening as research made it feel voluntary—something they could legitimately decline.ConclusionNonparticipants were not resistant to engaging in health‐promoting behaviours, uninformed about screening or unsupportive of its potential benefits. Instead, their consideration of the perceived necessity, legitimacy and utility of this screening shaped their decision not to take part.Patient or Public ContributionThe SAFER programme is guided by four patient and carer representatives. The representatives are embedded within the team (e.g., one is a co‐applicant, another sits on the programme steering committee) and by participating in regular meetings advise on all aspects of the design, management and delivery of the programme, including engaging with interpreting and disseminating the findings. For the qualitative workstream, we established a supplementary patient and public involvement group with whom we regularly consult about research design questions.
Trust and distrust in low‐income Michigan residents during the early COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Waidyaratne Gavisha , Steinbrook Eric , Roy Shalini , Opoku Annabella , Jaffe Kaitlyn , Goold Susan Dorr 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTrust and distrust have shaped health behaviour during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Since the start of the pandemic, misinformation and polarization eroded trust across the United States. In states like Michigan, pandemic restrictions led to significant unrest. Michiganders also faced disproportionate morbidity and mortality from COVID‐19 during this period.ObjectiveThe objective of this qualitative study was to understand the individual experiences of trust in low‐income Michiganders during the early COVID‐19 pandemic.ParticipantsTwenty‐four participants at or below 200% of the federal poverty line who resided in Michigan were recruited for this study.ApproachInterviews were conducted during the winter of 2020 using a formal interview guide that addressed sources of information, perceptions of risk and exposure, protective behaviours and impacts of the pandemic at home, work and in receiving healthcare.ResultsThematic analysis showed that themes of trust and distrust emerged in multiple facets of our participants' experiences, including in the context of information sources, the behaviours of others, health, financial security, employment and overall safety. Trust and distrust in low‐income communities often stemmed from significant financial and economic vulnerabilities and instability in access to healthcare that was exacerbated in the pandemic. Furthermore, participant trust was shaped by internal (e.g., relationships with others) and external (e.g., source of information, social inequity) factors that influenced their perceptions and experiences during the pandemic.ConclusionTrust has played an important role in many aspects of the experiences of low‐income communities during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This is important for clinicians to consider as COVID‐19 becomes endemic, and trust continues to impact patients' approaches to vaccines, testing and treatment options.Patient or Public ContributionThis study was designed and conducted with the assistance and input of the members of the DECIDERS Steering Committee, a diverse statewide network of community members in Michigan. The DECIDERS team allows community members to have a voice in the design and conduct of health research, and collaborates with researchers to improve health across the state of Michigan.
Epitaxial Bi5Ti3FeO15 thin films on Nb‐doped SrTiO3 substrates
Authors: Keum Yoon Hyung , Son Jong Yeog 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe investigated the ferroelectric switching dynamics as well as the multiferroic and piezoelectric properties of highly a‐oriented epitaxial Bi5Ti3FeO15 (BTFO) thin films on Nb‐doped SrTiO3 single crystal substrates. The BTFO thin films favored highly a‐oriented crystallinity because c‐oriented crystallinity decreased under deposition conditions in which substrate temperature and thin film deposition rate were simultaneously lowered. The highly a‐oriented epitaxial BTFO thin films showed the best ferroelectric properties, whereas the highly c‐oriented epitaxial BTFO thin films showed the best ferromagnetic properties. In particular, the BTFO thin films in which a‐ and c‐oriented crystallinity were properly mixed showed the best piezoelectric properties.
Effect of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors on atrial tachy‐arrhythmia burden in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Younis Arwa , Arous Tania , Klempfner Robert , Kharsa Adnan , McNitt Scott , Schleede Susan , Polonski Bronislava , Abdallah Zeinab , Buttar Ruppinder , Bodurian Christopher , Tabaja Chadi , Yavin Hagai D. , Shamroz Farooq , Wazni Oussama M. , Wittlin Steven D. , Aktas Mehmet , Goldenberg Ilan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionUse of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) was associated with a reduction in atrial fibrillation hospitalizations. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effects of SGLT2i on atrial tachy‐arrhythmias (ATA) in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs).MethodsAll 13 888 consecutive patients implanted with a CIED in two tertiary medical centers were enrolled. Treatment with SGLT2i was assessed as a time dependent variable. The primary endpoint was the total number of ATA. Secondary endpoints included total number of ventricular tachy‐arrhythmias (VTA), ATA and VTA, and death. All events were independently adjudicated blinded to the treatment. Multivariable propensity score modeling was performed.ResultsDuring a total follow‐up of 24 442 patient years there were 62 725 ATA and 10 324 VTA events. Use of SGLT2i (N = 696) was independently associated with a significant 22% reduction in the risk of ATA (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 0.70–0.87]; p < .001); 22% reduction in the risk of ATA/VTA (HR = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.71–0.85]; p < .001); and with a 35% reduction in the risk of all‐cause mortality (HR = 0.65 [95% CI = 0.45–0.92]; p = .015), but was not significantly associated with VTA risk (HR = 0.92 [95% CI = 0.80–1.06]; p = .26). SGLT2i were associated with a lower ATA burden in heart failure (HF) patients but not among diabetes patients (HF: HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.58–0.80, p < .001 vs. Diabetes: HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.86–1.05, p = .29; p < .001 for interaction between SGLT2i indication and ATA burden).ConclusionOur real world findings suggest that in CIED HF patients, those with SGLT2i had a pronounced reduction in ATA burden and all‐cause mortality when compared with those not on SGLT2i.