bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes remission in drug‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes after dorzagliatin treatment: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zeng Jiao'e , Gan Shenglian , Mi Nianrong , Liu Yunfeng , Su Xiaofei , Zhang Wenli , Zhang Juan , Yu Fang , Dong Xiaolin , Han Minmin , Luo Jianfeng , Zhang Yi , Chen Li , Ma Jianhua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the post‐treatment effect of dorzagliatin in drug‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) regarding the achievement of stable glycaemic control and drug‐free diabetes remission.Materials and MethodsPatients who completed dorzagliatin treatment in the SEED trial and achieved stable glycaemic control were enrolled in this 52‐week study without any antidiabetic medication. The primary endpoint was the diabetes remission probability at week 52 using the Kaplan–Meier method. The potential factors that contribute to stable glycaemic control and diabetes remission based on the characteristics of patients before and after treatment with dorzagliatin were analysed. A post hoc sensitivity analysis of diabetes remission probability using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) definition was conducted.ResultsThe Kaplan–Meier remission probability was 65.2% (95% CI: 52.0%, 75.6%) at week 52. Based on the ADA definition, the remission probability was 52.0% (95% CI: 31.2%, 69.2%) at week 12. The significant improvements in the insulin secretion index ΔC30/ΔG30 (41.46 ± 77.68, P = .0238), disposition index (1.22 ± 1.65, P = .0030), and steady‐state variables of HOMA2‐β (11.49 ± 14.58, P < .0001) and HOMA2‐IR (−0.16 ± 0.36, P = .0130) during the SEED trial were important factors in achieving drug‐free remission. A significant improvement in time in range (TIR), a measure of glucose homeostasis, in the SEED trial from 60% to more than 80% (estimated treatment difference, 23.8%; 95% CI: 7.3%, 40.2%; P = .0084) was observed.ConclusionsIn drug‐naïve patients with T2D, dorzagliatin treatment leads to stable glycaemic control and drug‐free diabetes remission. Improvements in β‐cell function and TIR in these patients are important contributors to diabetes remission.
Caudal ventral midline herniation in a foal
Authors: Ramos Sofia , Storms Nazaré , Vandersmissen Maxime , Dupont Julien , de la Rebière Geoffroy 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis report outlines the diagnosis, surgical treatment and successful outcome following the treatment of a foal presented with a congenital abdominal hernia. A focal ventral abdominal swelling, enlarging since birth, starting just caudal to the intact umbilicus and extending caudally over the prepuce was observed. Once in dorsal recumbency, the hernia was found to originate from a defect of the abdominal wall in the linea alba region. A simple closed herniorrhaphy with inversion of the large peritoneal sac into the abdomen was performed. Post‐operative complications included fever with the development of an abscess at the surgical site. This was diagnosed and drained with ultrasound guidance. Based on culture and sensitivity testing of the abscess exudate, antibiotic therapy was adapted and the foal made a full recovery. A clinical examination undertaken 1 year later revealed complete healing of the linea alba. Herniation due to a muscle wall default has not been previously reported in foals. This article reviews the commonly observed causes of herniation (umbilical and inguinal hernias). However, a third type of congenital ventral body wall hernia should be considered for the differential diagnosis of swelling of the preputial area in foals.
Mixed‐mode I/II stress intensity factors of a biaxially loaded plate with a central slant frictional crack: An analytical comprehensive solution
Authors: Hammouda Mohammad M. I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis work presents a comprehensive analytical solution for the mixed‐mode I/II stress intensity factor of a biaxially loaded plate that has a centrally straight inclined crack with frictional surfaces. The solution addresses every possible combination of coefficient of friction, biaxial ratio, crack length, and angle. The present results agree with the available corresponding finite element solutions. For the tension‐compression and compression‐tension biaxial loading, crack angles are recognized to achieve pure mode I, pure mode II, and mixed‐mode crack tip deformation in terms of stress biaxiality and friction coefficient. In the compression‐compression biaxial loading, only mode II crack tip deformation is operative. The ranges of crack angles necessary to produce dormant cracks are determined for the biaxial loading patterns, where a compressive stress is involved, as a function of the biaxial ratio and friction coefficient. It is possible to apply the present solution to cracked plates with two‐dimensional stresses that include a shear stress.
GP‐2250, a novel anticancer agent, inhibits the energy metabolism, activates AMP‐Kinase and impairs the NF‐kB pathway in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Majchrzak‐Stiller Britta , Buchholz Marie , Peters Ilka , Waschestjuk Daniel , Strotmann Johanna , Höhn Philipp , Hahn Stephan , Braumann Chris , Uhl Waldemar , Müller Thomas , Möhler Hanns 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGP‐2250, a novel anticancer agent, severely limits the energy metabolism, as demonstrated by the inhibition of hexokinase 2 and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and a decrease of ATP. Rescue experiments with supplementary pyruvate or oxaloacetate demonstrated that a TCA cycle deficit largely contributed to cytotoxicity. Activation of the energy‐deficit sensor, AMP‐dependent protein kinase, was associated with increased phosphorylation of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase and Raptor, pointing to a possible deficit in the synthesis of fatty acids and proteins as essential cell components. Binding of p65 to DNA was dose‐dependently reduced in nuclear lysates. A transcriptional deficit of NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells) was substantiated by the downregulation of cyclin D1 and of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl2, in line with reduction in tumour cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, respectively. The upregulation of p53 concomitant with an excess of ROS supported apoptosis. Thus, the anticancer activity of GP‐2250 is a result of disruption of energy metabolism and inhibition of tumour promotion by NF‐κB.
Review of hair prosthetic options for patients with alopecia
Authors: Ewulu Adaora , Amibang Randy , Deng Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced cases of alopecia can be very difficult to treat pharmacologically. Hair loss can be emotionally taxing for many, leading to depression, anxiety, or suicide. Currently, there is limited medical literature on prosthetic hair devices available for patients with alopecia.AimThe purpose of this review is to educate dermatologists with a thorough review of hair prostheses to assist them in counseling patients with alopecia.Patients/MethodsWe provide an overview of the various hair prostheses in detail and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages.ResultsWhen considering the optimal hair prosthesis for a patient, it's important to know the hair coverage the patient requires, the material of different attachments, the type of hair fiber required, and the cap foundation. Additionally, financial options and potential adverse effects after applying a prosthesis to the scalp are important aspects to consider.ConclusionA dermatologist should be able to discuss hair camouflaging techniques with their patients, including the benefits of the various options based on patients' preferences, needs, and type of hair loss. Dermatologists are the experts in the management of skin, nail, and hair disorders, and an understanding of the prosthetic options available to patients with alopecia can improve patient care and quality of life outcomes.
The relative effect of monotherapy with 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors and minoxidil for female pattern hair loss: A network meta‐analysis study
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Wang Tong , Bamimore Mary A. , Talukder Mesbah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundMinoxidil and the 5‐alpha reductase inhibitors (5‐ARIs), specifically, dutasteride and finasteride, are usually used to treat pattern hair loss (PHL), but evidence on the relative effectiveness of these drugs is far less for women than men.AimsWe performed an age‐adjusted network meta‐analysis (NMA) to determine the comparative efficacy of monotherapy with the three agents—in any dosage and administrative route—on PHL in adult women.MethodsThe peer‐reviewed literature was systematically reviewed to obtain data for our NMA. The outcome measure for our NMA was “change in total hair density.” We referred to “regimen” as an “agent and its dosage;” our Bayesian NMA estimated regimens' surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values and pairwise relative effects.ResultsOur NMA used data from 13 trials—across which the following 10 regimens were identified (in decreasing order of SUCRA): 5 mg/day finasteride for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 95.7%), 5% topical minoxidil solution twice daily for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 89.5%), 1 mg/day minoxidil for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 78.1%), 5% topical minoxidil foam 1 half capful/day for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 66.5%), 3% topical minoxidil solution 1 mL twice daily for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 45.1%), 2% topical minoxidil solution 1 mL twice daily for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 44.6%), 5% topical minoxidil solution 1 mL/day for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 41.7%), 0.25 mg/day minoxidil for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 35.5%), 1.25 mg/day finasteride for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 24.8%) and 1 mg/day finasteride for 24 weeks (SUCRA = 4.3%).ConclusionOur findings can improve clinical guidelines and help dermatologists manage female PHL more optimally with the available options.
Bayesian evaluation of the accuracy of a thoracic auscultation scoring system in dairy calves with bronchopneumonia using a standard lung sound nomenclature
Authors: Boccardo Antonio , Ferraro Salvatore , Sala Giulia , Ferrulli Vincenzo , Pravettoni Davide , Buczinski Sébastien 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough thoracic auscultation (AUSC) in calves is quick and easy to perform, the definition of lung sounds is highly variable and leads to poor to moderate accuracy in diagnosing bronchopneumonia (BP).Hypothesis/ObjectivesEvaluate the diagnostic accuracy of an AUSC scoring system based on a standard lung sound nomenclature at different cut‐off values, accounting for the absence of a gold standard test for BP diagnosis.AnimalsThree hundred thirty‐one calves.MethodsWe considered the following pathological lung sounds: increased breath sounds (score 1), wheezes and crackles (score 2), increased bronchial sounds (score 3), and pleural friction rubs (score 4). Thoracic auscultation was categorized as AUSC1 (positive calves for scores ≥1), AUSC2 (positive calves for scores ≥2), and AUSC3 (positive calves for scores ≥3). The accuracy of AUSC categorizations was determined using 3 imperfect diagnostic tests with a Bayesian latent class model and sensitivity analysis (informative vs weakly informative vs noninformative priors and with vs without covariance between ultrasound and clinical scoring).ResultsBased on the priors used, the sensitivity (95% Bayesian confidence interval [BCI]) of AUSC1 ranged from 0.89 (0.80‐0.97) to 0.95 (0.86‐0.99), with a specificity (95% BCI) of 0.54 (0.45‐0.71) to 0.60 (0.47‐0.94). Removing increased breath sounds from the categorizations resulted in increased specificity (ranging between 0.97 [0.93‐0.99] and 0.98 [0.94‐0.99] for AUSC3) at the cost of decreased sensitivity (0.66 [0.54‐0.78] to 0.81 [0.65‐0.97]).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA standardized definition of lung sounds improved AUSC accuracy for BP diagnosis in calves.
Antibiotic use and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Ebrahimi Fahim , Simon Tracey G. , Hagström Hannes , Sun Jiangwei , Bergman David , Forss Anders , Roelstraete Bjorn , Engstrand Lars , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAntibiotics affect the gut microbiome. Preclinical studies suggest a role of gut dysbiosis in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but data from large cohorts with liver histology are lacking.MethodsIn this nationwide case–control study, Swedish adults with histologically confirmed early‐stage NAFLD (total n = 2584; simple steatosis n = 1435; steatohepatitis (NASH) n = 383; non‐cirrhotic fibrosis n = 766) diagnosed January 2007–April 2017 were included and matched to ≤5 population controls (n = 12 646) for age, sex, calendar year and county of residence. Data for cumulative antibiotic dispensations and defined daily doses were accrued until 1 year before the matching date. Using conditional logistic regression, multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated. In a secondary analysis, NAFLD patients were compared with their full siblings (n = 2837).ResultsPrevious antibiotic use was seen in 1748 (68%) NAFLD patients versus 7001 (55%) controls, corresponding to 1.35‐fold increased odds of NAFLD (95% CI = 1.21–1.51) in a dose‐dependent manner (pfor trend < .001). Estimates were comparable for all histologic stages (p > .05). The highest risk of NAFLD was observed after treatment with fluoroquinolones (aOR 1.38; 95% CI = 1.17–1.59). Associations remained robust when patients were compared with their full siblings (aOR 1.29; 95% CI = 1.08–1.55). Antibiotic treatment was only linked to NAFLD in patients without metabolic syndrome (aOR 1.63; 95% CI = 1.35–1.91) but not in those with metabolic syndrome (aOR 1.09; 95% CI = 0.88–1.30).ConclusionsAntibiotic use may be a risk factor for incident NAFLD, especially in individuals without the metabolic syndrome. The risk was highest for fluoroquinolones and remained robust in sibling comparisons with whom individuals share genetic and early environmental susceptibilities.
Trends in mortality of liver cancer before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic, 2017–2021
Authors: Kim Donghee , Manikat Richie , Cholankeril George , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe studied the trends in liver cancer‐related mortality before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Quarterly age‐standardized mortality and quarterly percentage change (QPC) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) were estimated using the US national mortality database 2017–2021. Quarterly age‐standardized mortality from HCC decreased steadily with an average QPC of −0.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.6% to −0.2%). A decrease in hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus‐related HCC mortality of −2.2% (95% CI: −2.4% to −1.9%) and −1.1% (95% CI: −2.0% to −0.3%) was noted. In contrast, mortality for HCC from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (3.0%, 95% CI: 2.0%–4.0%) and alcohol‐related liver disease (1.3%, 95% CI: 0.8%–1.9%) demonstrated a linear increase. There was a linear increase in the quarterly age‐standardized ICC‐related mortality (0.8%, 95% CI: 0.5%–1.0%). While ICC‐related mortality continued to increase, HCC‐related mortality tended to decline mainly due to a decline in mortality due to viral hepatitis.
The planktonic food web in the Gulf of Naples based on the analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios
Authors: Merquiol Louise , Mazzocchi Maria Grazia , D'Ambra Isabella 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPlankton play a key role in marine food webs by producing and transferring organic matter and energy to higher trophic levels. To define the trophic structure and interactions within the planktonic communities in the Gulf of Naples, we determined carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in particulate organic matter (POM, <20 μm), phytoplankton (20–200 μm), and bulk (unsorted) and sorted mesozooplankton (200–2000 μm) on a weekly basis in 2019. The stable isotope values of POM and, to a lesser extent, phytoplankton reflected the short‐term (weekly) alternation between offshore and coastal waters within seasonal variability. Although the isotopic signatures of coastal and offshore sources were still detectable in bulk mesozooplankton, δ13C and δ15N of single groups remained almost unchanged throughout the year. The trophic niches of mesozooplankton groups defined using the Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R software showed a high degree of overlap among them, which was corroborated by the tendency of most groups toward omnivory, beyond their known feeding habits, as indicated by MixSIAR models. Collectively, our results highlight that the complex network of interactions within the planktonic community in the Gulf of Naples can buffer natural variability due to the specific hydrographic features of the system. This characteristic makes the trophic structure of this community an ideal model for monitoring the response of planktonic food webs to climate‐ and anthropic‐driven changes.
Discovery of a novel transcriptional regulator of sugar catabolism in archaea
Authors: Johnsen Ulrike , Ortjohann Marius , Reinhardt Andreas , Turner Jonathan M. , Stratton Caleb , Weber Katherine R. , Sanchez Karol M. , Maupin‐Furlow Julie , Davies Christopher , Schönheit Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii degrades D‐glucose via the semiphosphorylative Entner‐Doudoroff pathway and D‐fructose via a modified Embden‐Meyerhof pathway. Here, we report the identification of GfcR, a novel type of transcriptional regulator that functions as an activator of both D‐glucose and D‐fructose catabolism. We find that in the presence of D‐glucose, GfcR activates gluconate dehydratase, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase and also acts as activator of the phosphotransferase system and of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase, which are involved in uptake and degradation of D‐fructose. In addition, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase are activated by GfcR in the presence of D‐fructose and also during growth on D‐galactose and glycerol. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that GfcR binds directly to promoters of regulated genes. Specific intermediates of the degradation pathways of the three hexoses and of glycerol were identified as inducer molecules of GfcR. GfcR is composed of a phosphoribosyltransferase (PRT) domain with an N‐terminal helix‐turn‐helix motif and thus shows homology to PurR of Gram‐positive bacteria that is involved in the transcriptional regulation of nucleotide biosynthesis. We propose that GfcR of H. volcanii evolved from a PRT‐like enzyme to attain a function as a transcriptional regulator of central sugar catabolic pathways in archaea.
Treatment of Early Undifferentiated Chronic Monoarthritis of the Wrist by Arthroscopic Wrist Synovectomy Combined with Partial Denervation
Authors: Yang Yong , Li Zhong‐zhe , Huang Xing‐jian 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveUndifferentiated chronic monosecarthritis (UCMA) is a group of inflammatory joint diseases that has the potential to progress to other diseases and can seriously affect patients' quality of life. There is yet no unified consensus regarding treatment of UCMA. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of arthroscopic synovectomy combined with partial wrist denervation in treating Larsen 1–3 UCMA.MethodsIn this case series, we reviewed 14 patients with UCMA treated by arthroscopic synovectomy combined with partial denervation from February 2017 to June 2020. The mean duration of symptoms was 17.4 months (range, 4–60 months), and the mean follow‐up was 13.3 months (range, 6–23 months). The anterior and posterior interosseous nerves were severed at the distal forearm, and the radiocarpal, midcarpal, and distal radial ulnar joint synovial membranes were arthroscopically resected at the wrist. The clinical evaluation indices included the visual analogue scale score (VAS) for pain, grip strength, range of (active) motion of the wrist, total active motion, and Mayo wrist score. Larsen's scoring method was used as the imaging evaluation index.ResultsAt the last follow‐up, significant clinical improvements were observed in the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain (6.0 (5.0–6.3) vs 1.0 (1.0–2.3), P = 0.001) and Mayo wrist score (42.1 ± 9.7 vs 61.8 ± 12.3, P < 0.0001). No significant changes were found in grip strength (15.9 ± 4.5 vs 16.6 ± 4.7, P = 0.230) or the flexion‐extension arc (58.9 ± 39.0 vs 64.3 ± 36.5, P = 0.317), although the mean and median did show positive changes. Among the three patients who showed progress in imaging, there was no significant difference in their pain and functional scores compared to those who did not progress. One patient underwent total wrist fusion 17 months after the operation.ConclusionArthroscopic wrist synovectomy combined with partial wrist denervation can provide sustained pain relief and functional recovery for patients with Larsen 1–3 UCMA.
A Multi‐factor Analysis of Revision in Total Hip Replacement Using the Collarless‐Polished‐Tapered Stems with Different Cups
Authors: Hong Yu , Johnston Linda , Wang Weijie 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveCollarless‐polished‐tapered (CPT) stems have been widely used in total hip replacement (THR). Given that various types of cups are combined with CPT in clinical practice, however, what cup type performs the best for use with CPT is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of three types of commonly used cups with CPT on revision and survival life using multi‐factor analysis.MethodsThis study is a cohort study using the data between October 1998 to September 2021. The data of THR patients with ZCA All‐poly Acetabular Cup, Continuum Acetabular System, and Trilogy Acetabular System with CPT were collected from several hospitals in the UK. The patients aged from 20 to 97 (n = 5981, 2345 male and 3636 female). Age, gender, body mass index, diagnosis, surgeon grade, cup material, cup size, surgical approach, survival life, complications, and Harris hip scores (HHS) were analyzed in relation to revision status. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the relationship among various factors. The main statistical methods included chi‐square with cross tables, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and survival analysis.ResultsThe results in relation to HHS shows that the continuum cup has the best outcome in the postoperative period of 1 and 5 years (1 year = 90.7, 5 years = 91.3; P < 0.001); the Trilogy cup was the second (1 year = 88.4, 5 years = 87.3; P < 0.001); and the ZCA cup was the third (1 year = 84.6, 5 years = 82.4; P < 0.001). However, the Trilogy cup performed the best regarding survival life on revision while the Continuum cup was the worst.ConclusionWhen the CPT stem is combined with different cups, the trilogy cup shows the best characteristics in terms of survival trends with revision ratios compared with the continuum and ZCA cups, and is therefore recommended by this study.