bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐ADEM encephalitis in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: a systematic review
Authors: Vega Enrique , Arrambide Georgina , Olivé Gemma , Castillo Mireia , Felipe‐Rucián Ana , Tintoré Mar , Montalban Xavier , Espejo Carmen , Sepúlveda María , Armangué Thais , Cobo‐Calvo Alvaro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeNon‐(acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) (non‐ADEM) encephalitis and/or fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense lesions in anti‐myelin‐oligodendrocyte‐glycoprotein‐associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES) are rarely described in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (Abs). The aim was (i) to describe the clinical features and disease course of children and adults with non‐ADEM encephalitis and/or FLAMES associated with MOG Abs and (ii) to describe their association with other central nervous system autoantibodies.MethodsThis was a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. Patients fulfilled criteria for non‐ADEM encephalitis and/or FLAMES, and all were MOG Ab positive.ResultsIn total, 83 (79%) patients with non‐ADEM encephalitis (48 also had FLAMES) and 22 (21%) with isolated FLAMES were included. At the first episode, children (n = 45) had more infections (11/45, 24.4%; p = 0.017) and more of the phenotype consisting of non‐ADEM encephalitis (42/45, 93.3%; p = 0.014) than adults (n = 38). Children had more episodes consistent with working memory deficits (25/54, 46.3%; p = 0.014) but fewer psychiatric symptoms (16/54, 29.6%; p = 0.002). Twenty‐eight (40.6%) of 69 patients had N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) Abs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), being more frequent in adults (19/29, 65.5%; p < 0.001). Compared to negatives, positive CSF NMDAR Abs had more relapses (14/20, 70%; p = 0.050), required ventilatory support more frequently (8/34, 23.5%; p = 0.009) and had more psychiatric episodes (28/34, 82%; p < 0.001) or abnormal movements (14/34, 41.2%; p = 0.008). Apart from an older age in FLAMES, positive and negative CSF NMDAR Ab groups shared similar features.ConclusionNon‐ADEM encephalitis patients with MOG Abs show specific clinical and radiological features, depending on the age at first episode. The presence of MOG Abs in non‐ADEM encephalitis patients should not rule out to test other autoantibodies, especially concomitant NMDAR Abs in patients with suggestive symptoms such as behavioural or movement alterations.
Temporal trends and outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke patients with a current or historical diagnosis of cancer
Authors: Peng Chi , Yang Fan , Peng Liwei , Zhang Chenxu , Lin Zhen , Chen Chenxin , Gao Huachen , He Jia , Jin Zhichao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe aim was to evaluate the temporal trends, characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) between those with and without current or historical malignancies.MethodsAdult hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of AIS were identified from the National Inpatient Sample database 2007–2017. Logistic regression was used to compare the differences in the utilization of AIS interventions and in‐hospital outcomes. For further analysis, subgroup analyses were performed stratified by cancer subtypes.ResultsThere were 892,862 hospitalizations due to AIS, of which 108,357 (12.14%) had a concurrent diagnosis of current cancer (3.41%) or historical cancer (8.72%). After adjustment for confounders, patients with current malignancy were more likely to have worse clinical outcomes. The presence of historical cancers was not associated with an increase in poor clinical outcomes. Additionally, AIS patients with current malignancy were less likely to receive intravenous thrombolysis (adjusted odds ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.71). Amongst the subgroups of AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy, outcomes varied by cancer types. Notably, despite these acute stroke interventions, outcome remains poor in AIS patients with lung cancer.ConclusionsAlthough AIS patients with malignancy generally have worse in‐hospital outcomes versus those without, there were considerable variations in these outcomes according to different cancer types and the use of AIS interventions. Finally, treatment of these AIS patients with a current or historical cancer diagnosis should be individualized.
Successful pharmacological intervention at different levels of the complement system in an in vitro complement fixation model for bullous pemphigoid
Authors: Giang Jenny , van Doorn Martijn B. A. , Diercks Gilles F. H. , de Cordoba Santiago Rodriguez , van den Bosch Thierry P. P. , Schreurs Marco W. J. , Poppelaars Felix , Damman Jeffrey 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBullous pemphigoid (BP) is characterized by deposition of immunoglobulins and complement along the epidermal basement membrane (BM). In humans, there is a lack of functional studies targeting the complement system (CS). This study investigates activation of all complement pathways in BP skin biopsies. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition at different levels of the CS was investigated using anti‐complement compounds in a complement fixation BP assay. In this retrospective study, 21 frozen biopsies from BP patients were stained by direct immunofluorescence for C1q, MBL, ficolin‐2, C4d, properdin, C3c and C5b‐9. Sera from 10 patients were analysed in a complement fixation assay in the presence of C1 inhibitor, anti‐factor B monoclonal antibody (mAb), anti‐C3 mAb and anti‐C5 mAb and compared with dexamethasone. The two readouts were the quantity of complement deposited along the BM and the release of sC5b‐9 in the supernatant. Our results show classical and alternative complement pathway activation in BP skin biopsies, but could not demonstrate significant lectin pathway activation. In contrast to dexamethasone, complement deposition along the BM could be selectively inhibited by anti‐C1 and anti‐ factor B. More downstream, selective intervention at the level of C3 and C5 could effectively reduce complement deposition along the BM and the release of sC5b‐9 in the supernatant. This study shows that selective intervention in either the classical, alternative or terminal pathway prevented deposition of complement along the BM in an in vitro BP model. The results of our study greatly encourage the clinical development of complement inhibitors for the treatment of BP.
Biomodelling and 3D technologies: A novel technique for subungual glomus tumor evaluation
Authors: Canella Clarissa , Nakamura Robertha , de Almeida Carolina Ávila , Werner Heron 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSubungual glomus tumors often remain undiagnosed for several years with patients seeing an average of 2.5 dermatologists before the diagnosis is confirmed. We describe the use of biomodelling and 3D technologies that allows the detection of tumoral recurrences more easily, as well as providing supplementary information for the radiologist report, such as select anatomical structure analysis, images with 360° rotation and visualization in transparency mode for detailed anatomic analysis.
Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic study reveal that exogenous 24‐epiandrosterone mitigate alkaline stress in broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) via regulating photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Ma Qian , Wu Enguo , Wang Honglu , Feng Yu , Zhao Lin , Feng Baili 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlobally, land alkalinization affecting agricultural development. Considering the increasingly serious effects of alkaline stress on agriculture and environment, phytoremediation may be an efficient way to addressed land alkalinization. Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a saline‐alkaline‐tolerant crop and bioenergy crop. However, the molecular mechanism of alkaline response on broomcorn millet remains large gap. To explore the alkaline stress on broomcorn millet and the mitigation of 24‐epicastasterone (BR), the effects of CK (nutrient solution only), CB (nutrient solution + 0.5 mg L−1 BR), AS (alkaline stress), and AB (alkaline stress + 0.5 mg L−1 BR) on TA289 (alkaline‐tolerant) and SA223 (alkaline‐sensitive) were investigated. Alkaline stress enhanced reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation. BR boosted antioxidant enzyme activities to reduce oxidative stress. Simultaneously, BR attenuated Na+ toxicity and maintained ion homeostasis. Additionally, BR significantly maintained the physiological structure and photosynthetic properties. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were applied to further evaluate the effect of BR on photosynthetic and antioxidant defense. The results showed that BR significantly reduced the transcriptional responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant defense and promoted the accumulation of effective metabolites such as biliverdin, l‐glutamate, and phosphoric acid. Taken together, BR application can significantly alleviate the damage of alkaline stress to broomcorn millet by altering transcriptional expression and metabolite accumulation and is a simple and effective strategy to alleviate alkaline stress. This study reveals the molecular mechanism of BR to enhance photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant defense of broomcorn millet under alkaline stress, which provides theoretical support for the cultivation of bioenergy crops on alkaline lands and the breeding of alkaline‐tolerant bioenergy varieties.
Ultrafiltration‐induced decrease in relative blood volume is larger in hemodialysis patients with low specific blood volume: Results from a dialysate bolus administration study
Authors: Schmiedecker Michael , Krenn Simon , Waller Maximilian , Paschen Christopher , Mussnig Sebastian , Niknam Janosch , Wabel Peter , Mayer Christopher C. , Hecking Manfred , Schneditz Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrescribing the ultrafiltration in hemodialysis patients remains challenging and might benefit from the information on absolute blood volume, estimated by intradialytic dialysate bolus administration. Here, we aimed at determining the relationship between absolute blood volume, normalized for body mass (specific blood volume, Vs), and ultrafiltration‐induced decrease in relative blood volume (∆RBV) as well as clinical parameters including body mass index (BMI).MethodsThis retrospective analysis comprised 77 patients who had their dialysate bolus‐based absolute blood volume extracted routinely with an automated method. Patient‐specific characteristics and ∆RBV were analyzed as a function of Vs, dichotomizing the data above or below a previously proposed threshold of 65 ml/kg for Vs. Statistical methodology comprised descriptive analyses, two‐group comparisons, and correlation analyses.FindingsMedian Vs was 68.6 ml/kg (54.9 ml/kg [Quartile 1], 83.4 ml/kg [Quartile 3]). Relative blood volume decreased by 6.3% (2.6%, 12.2%) over the entire hemodialysis session. Vs correlated inversely with BMI (rs = −0.688, p < 0.001). ∆RBV was 9.8% in the group of patients with Vs <65 ml/kg versus 6.0% in the group of patients with Vs ≥65 ml/kg (p = 0.024). The two groups did not differ significantly regarding their specific ultrafiltration volume, normalized for body mass, which amounted to 34.1 ml/kg and 36.0 ml/kg in both groups, respectively (p = 0.630). ∆RBV correlated inversely with Vs (rs = −0.299, p = 0.008).DiscussionThe present study suggests that patients with higher BMI and lower Vs experience larger blood volume changes, despite similar ultrafiltration requirements. These results underline the clinical plausibility and importance of dialysate bolus‐based absolute blood volume determination in the assessment of target weight, especially in view of a previous study where intradialytic morbid events could be decreased when the target weight was adjusted, based on Vs.
Perceived severity of Visual Snow Syndrome is associated with visual allodynia
Authors: Thompson Amy Claire , Goodbourn Patrick T. , Forte Jason D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether sensory sensitivity is associated with the perceived severity of Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS) symptoms.BackgroundVisual Snow (VS) is a perceptual anomaly which manifests as flashing pinpricks of light throughout the visual field. VSS has an estimated population prevalence of 2.2% and is thought to be at least moderately debilitating for all who experience it. However, some people who meet the criteria for VSS have no awareness of it. This may be because they have lower sensory sensitivity, allowing them to ignore their visual phenomena.MethodOur study used a cross‐sectional design. We recruited two distinct samples of people with VSS: a sample of people with confirmed VSS; and a sample of people who met the criteria for the condition but had no prior knowledge of it (latent VSS). The latter group was recruited and screened for symptoms via an online crowd‐sourcing platform. In total, 100 participants with VSS (49 with confirmed VSS, 51 with latent VSS) completed the Visual Snow Handicap Index and three measures of sensory hypersensitivity.ResultsThe 100 participants (52 female, 47 male, 1 non‐binary) had a mean age of 35.1 years (SD = 12.2). Leiden Visual Sensitivity Scale scores were associated with both the perceived severity of VSS, β = 0.35, p = 0.003, and the number of VSS symptoms endorsed, β = 0.45, p < 0.001. On average, participants with VSS experienced elevated sensory hypersensitivity across all measures. Furthermore, longer duration of VSS was associated with lower perceived severity, F(1, 98) = 11.37, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.103.ConclusionsOur results suggest that sensory hypersensitivity may be prevalent in people with VSS and indicate that visual allodynia is associated with increased severity of VSS. Additionally, our findings indicate that inclusion of cases of latent VSS in future research may be important for researchers to develop a more complete understanding of the perceptual experiences of people with VSS.
Visual temporal discrimination is impaired in patients with migraine without aura
Authors: Başarı Ahmet , Boran Hürrem Evren , Vuralli Doga , Cengiz Bülent , Bolay Hayrunnisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDysfunctional sensory processing is described in migraine. This study aimed to evaluate visual perception in patients with migraine without aura using the visual temporal discrimination (VTD) test.MethodsA total of 45 participants were enrolled in this prospective exploratory study. In all, 15 patients had migraine without aura and 15 healthy volunteers were analyzed in the study. The VTD threshold (VTDT) was measured using light‐emitting diode lights to perceive two separate visual stimuli as clearly distinct. VTD was tested during the attack and the interictal period. The disease duration, attack side, visual analog scale for pain, accompanying symptoms, and allodynia were recorded during the attack.ResultsThe VTDT of each visual field in both attack (mean [SD] 102.3 [38.4] ms for the right visual field and 106.3 [52.2] ms for the left) and the interictal periods (mean [SD] 75.2 [27.9] ms for the right and 78.2 [27.9] ms for the left) were significantly higher than in the control group (mean [SD] 45.3 [9.9] ms for the right and 48.2 [11.9] ms for the left) (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, respectively). The ipsilateral threshold during the attack was significantly prolonged compared to the interictal period (mean [SD] 143.8 [53.8] vs. 78 [19.6] ms, p = 0.025) and the contralateral threshold during the attack (mean [SD] 143.8 [53.8] vs. 71.9 [14.1] ms, p = 0.025). The ipsilateral threshold was significantly correlated with the visual analog score (r = 0.894, p < 0.001) and frequency of the attacks (r = 0.696, p = 0.004), but not correlated with photophobia.ConclusionThe VTDTs are prolonged both ictally and interictally in patients with migraine without aura attacks. Ipsilateral threshold prolongation is more pronounced during lateralized migraine attacks. The results suggest dysfunctional visual perception is not limited to the migraine attack period, and a defective sensory processing/modulation in the visual pathways may involve the superior colliculus.
Remote electrical neuromodulation for migraine prevention: A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Tepper Stewart J. , Rabany Liron , Cowan Robert P. , Smith Timothy R. , Grosberg Brian M. , Torphy Bradley D. , Harris Dagan , Vizel Maya , Ironi Alon , Stark‐Inbar Alit , Blumenfeld Andrew M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinical efficacy of remote electrical neuromodulation (REN), used every other day, for the prevention of migraine.BackgroundPreventive treatment is key to managing migraine, but it is often underutilized. REN, a non‐pharmacological acute treatment for migraine, was evaluated as a method of migraine prevention in patients with episodic and chronic migraine.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multi‐center trial, with 1:1 ratio. The study consisted of a 4‐week baseline observation phase, and an 8‐week double‐blind intervention phase in which participants used either REN or a placebo stimulation every other day. Throughout the study, participants reported their symptoms daily, via an electronic diary.ResultsTwo hundred forty‐eight participants were randomized (128 active, 120 placebo), of which 179 qualified for the modified intention‐to‐treat (mITT) analysis (95 active; 84 placebo). REN was superior to placebo in the primary endpoint, change in mean number of migraine days per month from baseline, with mean reduction of 4.0 ± SD of 4.0 days (1.3 ± 4.0 in placebo, therapeutic gain = 2.7 [confidence interval −3.9 to −1.5], p < 0.001). The significance was maintained when analyzing the episodic (−3.2 ± 3.4 vs. −1.0 ± 3.6, p = 0.003) and chronic (−4.7 ± 4.4 vs. −1.6 ± 4.4, p = 0.001) migraine subgroups separately. REN was also superior to placebo in reduction of moderate/severe headache days (3.8 ± 3.9 vs. 2.2 ± 3.6, p = 0.005), reduction of headache days of all severities (4.5 ± 4.1 vs. 1.8 ± 4.6, p < 0.001), percentage of patients achieving 50% reduction in moderate/severe headache days (51.6% [49/95] vs. 35.7% [30/84], p = 0.033), and reduction in days of acute medication intake (3.5 ± 4.1 vs. 1.4 ± 4.3, p = 0.001). Similar results were obtained in the ITT analysis. No serious device‐related adverse events were reported in any group.ConclusionApplied every other day, REN is effective and safe for the prevention of migraine.
The dynamic nature of patient engagement within a Canadian patient‐oriented kidney health research network: Perspectives of researchers and patient partners
Authors: Elliott Meghan J. , McCarron Tamara L. , Schick‐Makaroff Kara , Getchell Leah , Manns Braden , Fernandez Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionCanadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease (Can‐SOLVE CKD) is a pan‐Canadian health research network that engages patients as partners across 18 unique projects and core infrastructure. In this qualitative study, we explored how research teams integrated patient partners into network research activities to inform our patient engagement approach.MethodsTo capture a breadth of perspectives, this qualitative descriptive study purposively sampled researchers and patient partners across 18 network research teams. We conducted 4 focus groups (2 patients and 2 researchers; n = 26) and 28 individual telephone interviews (n = 12 patient partners; n = 16 researchers). Transcripts were coded in duplicate, and themes were developed through an inductive, thematic analysis approach.ResultsWe included 24 patient partners and 24 researchers from 17 of the 18 projects and all core committees within the network. Overarching concepts relate participants' initial impressions and uncertainty about patient engagement to an evolving appreciation of its value, impact and sustainability. We identified four themes with subthemes that characterized the dynamic nature of patient engagement and how participants integrated patients across network initiatives: (1) Reinforcing a shared purpose (learning together, collective commitment, evolving attitudes); (2) Fostering a culture of responsive and innovative research (accessible supports, strengthened process and product); (3) Aligning priorities, goals and needs (amenability to patient involvement, mutually productive relationships, harmonizing expectations); (4) Building a path to sustainability (value creation, capacity building, sustaining knowledge use).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the dynamic and adaptive processes related to patient engagement within a national, patient‐oriented kidney health research network. Optimization of support structures and capacity are key factors to promote sustainability of engagement processes within and beyond the network.Patient or Public ContributionThis project was conceived in collaboration with a Can‐SOLVE CKD patient partner (N. F.), with lived experience of kidney failure. He also co‐designed the study′s protocol, led focus groups and researcher interviews, and contributed to data analysis. L. G. has lived experience as a caregiver for a person with CKD and facilitated patient partner focus groups. The patient partners, both of whom are listed authors, provided important insights that shaped our interpretation and presentation of study findings.
Effect of HfSi2‐induced intergranular liquid phase on densification behavior of ZrB2
Authors: Wei Zhifan , Li Hongwei , Chen Guoqing , Zu Yufei , Fu Xuesong , Zhou Wenlong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe densification behavior and mechanical properties of ZrB2‐based composites were investigated. The results demonstrated that the fully dense ZrB2‐based composites could be obtained at lower sintering temperature (1600°C) and pressure (30 MPa) when the content of HfSi2 was above 20 vol.%. The as‐sintered composite was a special core–shell structure, with ZrB2 as the core and (Zr, Hf)B2 solid solution as the shell. The core–shell structure resulted from the diffusion of Hf atom into the boride matrix, which could accelerate the densification. In addition, the intergranular liquid phase induced by the HfSi2 addition filled the micropores of the composites effectively during the sintering. When the content of HfSi2 increased to 20 vol.%, its compressive strength, hardness, and fracture toughness all reached the maximum values, which were 1617 MPa, 15.99 GPa, and 2.44 MPa m1/2, respectively.
Ecotourism experience: A systematic review and future research agenda
Authors: Sana  , Chakraborty Samantak , Adil Mohd , Sadiq Mohd 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study presents a systematic review of the last 25 years' literature and offers a comprehensive understanding of the ecotourism experience. The study uses a Theory‐Context‐Characteristics‐Method (TCCM) framework, offering insights that ecotourism experience research has advanced beyond ecotourism sites and resources to a multi‐stakeholder approach. As a result, we have developed a conceptual framework illustrating three consumption stages of ecotourism, that is, pre‐visit, on‐site and post‐visit. The study concludes by identifying some neglected areas and suggesting some future research directions in ecotourism experience field. Lastly, several theoretical and practical implications are presented that could aid the ecotourism industry in overcoming ecotourists' inertia toward site visits.