bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planetary evolution with atmospheric photoevaporation
Authors: Affolter L. , Mordasini C. , Oza A. V. , Kubyshkina D. , Fossati L. 
Published: July 2023

Context. Observations by the Kepler satellite have revealed a gap between larger sub-Neptunes and smaller super-Earths that atmospheric escape models had predicted as an evaporation valley prior to discovery.
Aims. We seek to contrast results from a simple X-ray and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV)-driven energy-limited escape model against those from a direct hydrodynamic model. The latter calculates the thermospheric temperature structure self-consistently, including cooling effects such as thermal conduction. Besides XUV-driven escape, it also includes the boil-off escape regime where the escape is driven by the atmospheric thermal energy and low planetary gravity, catalysed by stellar continuum irradiation. We coupled these two escape models to an internal structure model and followed the planets’ temporal evolution.
Methods. To examine the population-wide imprint of the two escape models and to compare it to observations, we first employed a rectangular grid, tracking the evolution of planets as a function of core mass and orbital period over gigayear timescales. We then studied the slope of the valley also for initial conditions derived from the observed Kepler planet population.
Results. For the rectangular grid, we find that the power-law slope of the valley with respect to orbital period is −0.18 and −0.11 in the energy-limited and hydrodynamic model, respectively. For the initial conditions derived from the Kepler planets, the results are similar (−0.16 and −0.10). While the slope found with the energy-limited model is steeper than observed, the one of the hydrodynamic model is in excellent agreement with observations. The reason for the shallower slope is caused by the two regimes in which the energy-limited approximation fails. The first one are low-mass planets at low-to-intermediate stellar irradiation. For them, boil-off dominates mass loss. However, boil-off is absent in the energy-limited model, and thus it underestimates escape relative to the hydrodynamic model. The second one are massive compact planets at high XUV irradiation. For them, the energy-limited approximation overestimates escape relative to the hydrodynamic model because of cooling by thermal conduction, which is neglected in the energy-limited model.
Conclusions. The two effects act together in concert to yield, in the hydrodynamic model, a shallower slope of the valley that agrees very well with observations. We conclude that a hydrodynamic escape model that includes boil-off and a more realistic treatment of cooling mechanisms can reproduce one of the most important constraints for escape models, the valley slope.
WHO-Leitlinie zu Screening und Behandlung von
präkanzerösen Zervixläsionen für die
Prävention von Gebärmutterhalskrebs (2. Auflage)
Authors: Harlfinger Julia , Sommer Isolde , Gartlehner Gerald 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Gebärmutterhalskrebs ist weltweit ein
maßgebliches Gesundheitsproblem. Screenings zur
Sekundärprävention haben das Ziel, Morbidität und
Mortalität zu senken. Ziel Die Leitlinie bietet einen
aktualisierten und erweiterten Überblick zur Prävention von
Gebärmutterhalskrebs durch Screening und Therapie.
Methode Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) erarbeitete diese Leitlinie
gemäß WHO-Standards. Ein Team des WHO Collaborating Centre an
der Universität für Weiterbildung Krems (Österreich) hat
die Zusammenfassung der zweiten Auflage aus dem Englischen
übersetzt.
Ergebnisse Die aktualisierte und erweiterte Leitlinie enthält 23
Empfehlungen und sieben Good-Practice-Statements – diese beziehen sich
u. a. auf Screeningmethoden, Testabfolge, Altersgruppen und Intervalle.
Eine von zwei angesprochenen Zielgruppen sind Frauen aus der
Allgemeinbevölkerung ohne bekanntes Risiko – diese Population
soll ab einem Alter von 30 Jahren alle fünf bis zehn Jahre gescreent
werden. Zweite Zielgruppe sind HIV-positive Frauen, für die Screenings
ab einem Alter von 25 Jahren im Abstand von drei bis fünf Jahren
angeboten werden sollen. Als Primärscreening sind in erster Linie
HPV-DNA-Tests empfohlen, ggf. ergänzt durch einen weiteren Test im
Rahmen einer Triage, um über weitere Interventionen zu entscheiden.
Open Preservation Rhinoplasty
Authors: Patel Priyesh N. , Most Sam P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPreservation of native nasal structures in rhinoplasty has aesthetic and functional benefits. This ideology can be implemented within open surgical approaches and in the context of structural modifications of the nose, particularly the nasal tip (structural preservation). In addition, modifications of preservation techniques and hybrid approaches to the osseocartilaginous vault have resulted in expanded indications for preservation of the nasal dorsum. These modifications and indications, as well as septal management in preservation cases, are discussed here in the context of an open approach. Importantly, patient-reported measures suggest that both preservation and structural approaches can yield excellent outcomes. An understanding and integration of both techniques offer great versatility for the rhinoplasty surgeon.
Molecular electronics: an Australian perspective
Authors: Reimers Jeffrey R. , Low Paul J. 
Published: July 2023

Molecular electronics is a scientific endeavour that, for 60 years, has offered the promise of new technologies in which molecules integrate with, if not entirely replace, semiconductor electronics. En route to the attainment of these ambitious goals, central aspects underpinning the pursuit of this science have proven critical to the development of related technologies, including organic photovoltaics (OPV) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Looking ahead, new opportunities in the field abound, from the study of molecular charge transport and the elucidation of molecular reaction mechanisms, to the development of biocompatible and degradable electronics, and the construction of novel chemical sensors with exquisite sensitivity and specificity. This article reviews historical developments in molecular electronics, with a particular focus on Australia’s contributions to the area. Australia’s current activity in molecular electronics research is also summarised, highlighting the capacity to both advance fundamental knowledge and develop new technologies. Scientific aspects considered include capabilities in: single molecule and molecular–monolayer junction measurement; spectroscopic analysis of molecular components and materials; synthetic chemistry; computational analysis of molecular materials and junctions; and the development of theoretical concepts that describe the electrical characteristics of molecular components, materials and putative device structures. Technological aspects considered include various aspects of molecular material design and implementation, such as: OPV and OLED construction, sensing technologies and applications, and power generation from heat gradients or friction. Missing capabilities are identified, and a future pathway for Australian scientific and technological development envisaged.
Exploring colorimetric detection of perfluorooctane sulfonate using micelle solubilised porphyrin
Authors: Taylor Chloe M. , Breadmore Michael C. , Kilah Nathan L. 
Published: July 2023

The harmful pollutant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is difficult to detect without extensive laboratory equipment used by trained personnel. Herein, we report the use of a micelle-encapsulated porphyrin host molecule as a rapid colorimetric indicator for PFOS and its anionic salts. A range of common commercially available surfactants were tested and optimised to encapsulate the hydrophobic highly pigmented porphyrin sensor molecule. This method was used for the detection of PFOS in aqueous solutions at concentrations as low as 3 ppm. Colour space RGB information was extracted from a mobile phone photograph and parameterised, allowing for threshold PFOS detection, demonstrating the applicability of this method as an easily accessible approach to inform an untrained user.
On the possibility of classical vacuum polarization and magnetization
Authors: Fumeron Sébastien , Moraes Fernando , Berche Bertrand 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It is common practice to take for granted the equality (up to the constant ɛ
0) of the electric displacement (D) and electric (E) field vectors in vacuum. The same happens with the magnetic field (H) and the magnetic flux density (B) vectors (up to the constant

μ
0

−
1

). The fact that gravity may change this by effectively inducing dielectric or magnetic responses to the primary fields is commonly overlooked. It is the purpose of this communication to call attention to classical polarization or magnetization of the vacuum due to the concomitant presence of gravitational and electromagnetic sources. The formalism of differential forms (exterior calculus) is used since it provides a clear-cut way to achieve this. This work offers new routes for possible detection of various spacetime geometries via their electromagnetic manifestations and the way they influence light propagation.
Low-frequency FBG vibration sensors for micro-seismic monitoring
Authors: Hong Li , Zhang Yufeng , Li Lixin , Zhang Peng , Liu Jiaxuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Vibration sensors are key components in low-frequency micro-seismic monitoring, and their performance directly determines the accuracy of monitoring results. In response to the current problem that fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibration sensors are difficult to effectively monitor micro-seismic low-frequency vibration signals, a rigid L-shaped beam FBG vibration sensor based on bearings is proposed. Firstly, a sensor model is established and theoretically analyzed; secondly, key parameters are optimized using differential evolution algorithm and imported into COMSOL simulation software for static stress analysis and dynamic characteristic analysis; finally, the sensor prototype is developed and a low-frequency vibration test system is set up to verify the sensor performance. The results reveal that the inherent frequency of the sensor is 57 Hz, with a flat response band of 0.3–35 Hz, a frequency lower limit of 0.05 Hz, a transverse interference degree of 4.5%, an average sensitivity of over 800 pm g−1, a dynamic range of 67.75 dB, favorable linearity, and the ability to achieve temperature self-compensation. Research findings provide new insights into low-frequency micro-seismic monitoring.
Improving pedicle screw path planning by vertebral posture estimation
Authors: Zhang Yunxian , Liu Wenhai , Zhao Jingwei , Wang Dan , Peng Fan , Cui Shangqi , Wang Binbin , Shi Zhe , Liu Bo , He Da , Yang Zhi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. Robot-assisted pedicle screw placement in spinal surgery can reduce the complications associated with the screw placement and reduce the hospital return counts due to malfunctions. However, it requires accurate planning for a high-quality procedure. The state-of-the-art technologies reported in the literature either ignore the anatomical variations across vertebrae or require substantial human interactions. We present an improved approach that achieves pedicle screw path planning through multiple projections of a numerically re-oriented vertebra with the estimated posture. Approach. We proposed an improved YOLO-type neural network model (YOLOPOSE3D) to estimate the posture of a vertebra before pedicle path planning. In YOLOPOSE3D, the vertebral posture is given as a rotation quaternion and 3D location coordinates by optimizing the intersection over union of the vertebra with the predicted posture and the actual posture. Then, a new local coordinate system is established for the vertebra based on the estimated posture. Finally, the optimal pedicle screw path trajectory is determined from the multiple projections of the vertebra in the local coordinates. Main results. The experimental results in difficult cases of scoliosis showed that the new YOLOPOSE3D network could accurately detect the location and posture of the vertebra with average translation and orientation errors as small as 1.55 mm and 2.55°. The screw path planning achieved 83.1% success rate without breaking the pedicle cortex for the lumbar vertebral L1–L5, which is better than that of a doctor’s manual planning, 82.4%. With the clinical class A requirement to allow less than 2 mm out of the pedicle cortex, the success rate achieved nearly 100%. Significance. The proposed YOLOPOSED3D method can accurately determine the vertebral postures. With the improved posture prior, better clinical outcomes can be achieved for pedicle screw placement in spine internal fixation procedures.
Remote infrared view of JET divertor compatible with D-T operations
Authors: Balboa I , Rose E , Matthews G F , Croft D , Stamp M F , Silburn S A , Williams J C , Hepple D , Huber A , Whetham S , Iglesias D , Kinna D J , Beldishevski M , Figueiredo J , Perez Von Thun C , Balshaw N , Horton L D , Lobel R C , Pearson I J , Pepperell K W , Fishpool G , Lane B , Zastrow K-D , Arnoux G , Bodnar G , Carman P , Carvalho P , Conway N J , Huber V , Karhunen J , Kocsis G , Manzanares A , Puglia P , Ruíz de Galarreta C , Marren C , Otín R , Naish J , Thompson V K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A remote viewing system located outside the biological shield wall to image the divertor region in JET is presented here. This paper focuses on the optical and mechanical designs of the installation of a line of sight which is capable of imaging the divertor over an optical distance of approximately 31 m. In addition, it includes the experience obtained during operations and it demonstrates its successful performance. This line of sight was the second viewing system used during the D-T campaign and it follows from the paper dedicated to the remote wide angle view line of sight which is also compatible with D-T operations and includes common elements to the construction of the two lines of sight. The main novel feature is the design in house of two glass reinforced plastic kinematic mounts standing vertically to each accommodate a mirror of 500 mm in diameter.
Simulation of shell pellet injection strategies for ITER-scale tokamaks
Authors: Izzo V A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dispersive shell pellet (DSP) injection is considered as an alternative to shattered pellet injection as a disruption mitigation system for ITER, and strategies for penetration of a shell pellet into ITER are modeled with the 3D magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) code NIMROD. Because the high plasma temperatures lead to rapid ablation of the shell, delivery of the dispersive payload to the core of ITER will be very challenging. Two strategies to increase payload delivery depth are modeled: first, multiple staggered pellets are simulated in DIII-D, to assess the ability for one DSP to ‘piggy-back’ on another to reach deeper into the core; second, DSP injection after pre-dilution-cooling with deuterium is simulated in ITER, in order to reduce the plasma temperature before shell pellet arrival. The DIII-D simulations show that a second, slower pellet can penetrate much deeper once the release of the first payload strongly cools the mid-radius region. When the pellets are staggered, deeper penetration of the second pellet leads to higher radiation fraction and larger runaway electron loss fraction, consistent with single pellet results. However, simultaneously released pellets at mid-radius that do not trigger a large n = 1 mode produce an even higher radiation fraction. The ITER simulations show that an inside-out TQ can be produced with a payload release just inside of the q = 2 surface, which is achieved at a speed of 800 m s−1 after pre-dilution cooling. Although stochastization of the core leads to a complete thermal quench, the edge flux surfaces are surprisingly robust in the ITER simulations, regardless of payload release location. As a result, runaway electron losses would not be expected.
Investigation of conditions necessary for inception of positive corona in air based on differential formulation of photoionization
Authors: Pasko Victor P , Janalizadeh Reza , Jansky Jaroslav 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Sharp point electrodes generate significant electric field enhancements where electron impact ionization leads to the formation of electron avalanches that are seeded by photoionization. Photoionization of molecular oxygen due to extreme ultraviolet emissions from molecular nitrogen is a fundamental process in the inception of a positive corona in air. In a positive corona system, the avalanche of electrons in the bulk of the discharge volume is initiated by a specific distribution of photoionization far away from the region of maximum electron density near the electrode where these photons are emitted. Here, we present a new approach to finding the inception conditions for a positive corona, which is based on a differential formulation of the photoionization problem. The proposed iterative solution considers the same inception problem that has been solved in the existing literature by using either an integral approach to photoionization or a differential formulation of photoionization and considering the inception problem as a boundary-value eigenvalue problem. The results are validated by comparisons with previous integral formulations and time dynamic plasma fluid solutions in planar and spherical geometries. The results illustrate ideas advanced in Kaptzov (1950 Elektricheskiye Yavleniya v Gazakh i Vacuume p 610) providing a physically transparent connection between an effective secondary electron emission coefficient due to volume photoionization in a positive corona system and the secondary electron emission in conventional Townsend discharge theory. The results also demonstrate the significance of boundary conditions for accurate corona solutions that are based on a differential formulation of photoionization.
An analytical study of the primordial gravitational-wave-induced contribution to the large-scale structure of the Universe
Authors: Bari Pritha , Bertacca Daniele , Bartolo Nicola , Ricciardone Angelo , Giardiello Serena , Matarrese Sabino 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The imprint of gravitational waves (GWs) on large-scale structures (LSS) is a useful and promising way to detect or to constrain them. Tensor fossils have been largely studied in the literature as an indirect way to detect primordial GWs. In this paper we analyze a new effect induced by primordial GWs: a correction to the density contrast of the underlying matter distribution of LSS, as well as its radiation counterpart, induced by the energy density fluctuation of the gravitational radiation. We perform our derivation of the full analytical solution of the density contrast for waves entering the horizon during radiation dominance. We account for two phases in the radiation era, depending on the main contributor to the perturbed energy density of the Universe. By comparing the density contrast of cold dark matter and radiation — sourced by linear gravitational waves only — we conclude that the former overcomes the latter at some time in the radiation era, a behaviour analogous to their linear counterpart. Then we conclude by discussing the case of density perturbations produced by GWs entering the Hubble radius during the matter era as well as their evolution in the late dark-energy dominated phase.
Blazar boosted dark matter — direct detection constraints on σeχ
: role of energy dependent cross sections
Authors: Bhowmick Supritha , Ghosh Diptimoy , Sachdeva Divya 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Elastic collisions with relativistic electrons from the blazar's jet can accelerate dark matter (DM) particles in the DM spike surrounding the supermassive black hole at its center. This can allow one to set stringent limits on the DM-electron scattering cross section (σ̅eχ
) for DM masses less than 100 MeV. We consider DM particles boosted by energetic electrons in the jets of the blazars TXS 0506+056 and BL Lacertae. Both vector and scalar mediators for the scattering of electron and electrophilic fermionic DM are studied. We highlight that the ensuing energy dependence of the S-matrix for the corresponding Lorentz structure of the vertex significantly modifies the constraints. We find that the revised exclusion limits are orders of magnitude stronger than the equivalent results for the simple constant cross section assumption. Our limits are also assessed for the less cuspy spike.
Enhanced germination and electrotactic behaviour of Phytophthora palmivora zoospores in weak electric fields
Authors: Moratto Eleonora , Rothery Stephen , Bozkurt Tolga O , Sena Giovanni 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Soil-dwelling microorganisms use a variety of chemical and physical signals to navigate their environment. Plant roots produce endogenous electric fields which result in characteristic current profiles. Such electrical signatures are hypothesised to be used by pathogens and symbionts to track and colonise plant roots. The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora palmivora generates motile zoospores which swim towards the positive pole when exposed to an external electric field in vitro. Here, we provide a quantitative characterization of their electrotactic behaviour in 3D. We found that a weak electric field (0.7–1.0 V cm−1) is sufficient to induce an accumulation of zoospore at the positive pole, without affecting their encystment rate. We also show that the same external electric field increases the zoospore germination rate and orients the germ tube’s growth. We conclude that several early stages of the P. palmivora infection cycle are affected by external electric fields. Taken together, our results are compatible with the hypothesis that pathogens use plant endogenous electric fields for host targeting.
Relating EEG to continuous speech using deep neural networks: a review
Authors: Puffay Corentin , Accou Bernd , Bollens Lies , Monesi Mohammad Jalilpour , Vanthornhout Jonas , Van hamme Hugo , Francart Tom 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjective.When a person listens to continuous speech, a corresponding response is elicited in the brain and can be recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Linear models are presently used to relate the EEG recording to the corresponding speech signal. The ability of linear models to find a mapping between these two signals is used as a measure of neural tracking of speech. Such models are limited as they assume linearity in the EEG-speech relationship, which omits the nonlinear dynamics of the brain. As an alternative, deep learning models have recently been used to relate EEG to continuous speech.Approach.This paper reviews and comments on deep-learning-based studies that relate EEG to continuous speech in single- or multiple-speakers paradigms. We point out recurrent methodological pitfalls and the need for a standard benchmark of model analysis.Main results.We gathered 29 studies. The main methodological issues we found are biased cross-validations, data leakage leading to over-fitted models, or disproportionate data size compared to the model’s complexity. In addition, we address requirements for a standard benchmark model analysis, such as public datasets, common evaluation metrics, and good practices for the match-mismatch task.Significance.We present a review paper summarizing the main deep-learning-based studies that relate EEG to speech while addressing methodological pitfalls and important considerations for this newly expanding field. Our study is particularly relevant given the growing application of deep learning in EEG-speech decoding.