bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating precipitation prediction skill for the Huanan pre- and post-rainy seasons in ECMWF subseasonal forecasts
Authors: Liu Yanan , Wu Qiong , Zhang Yizhi , Jiang Lujun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The rainy seasons in South China are divided into two phases according to the seasonal progression of the East Asian summer monsoon: the Huanan pre- and post-rainy seasons. The precipitation prediction skill for the two rainy seasons are investigated using subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) hindcast data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for 2001–2019. The precipitation prediction skill and biases differ in the two rainy seasons, although some similar characteristics exist in regard to circulations and their influence on precipitation. During the two rainy seasons, the prediction skill of the circulation at 850 hPa in key areas is relatively high, and the circulation’s influence on precipitation is well captured; additionally, the relationship between the circulation in key areas at 500 hPa and precipitation is less accurately constrained. Moreover, the precipitation prediction skill in the prerainy season is higher than that in the post-rainy season. The main bias is that the 200 hPa westerly provides favorable divergence conditions for prerainy season precipitation (pre-precipitation), while the post-rainy season precipitation (post-precipitation) displays almost no correlation with the circulation in the reanalysis product; however, the simulated circulation at 200 hPa is both tightly connected to the precipitation in the two rainy seasons, so the lower prediction skill in the post-rainy season is likely associated with overestimation of the complex physical mechanism of the upper-level circulation in the model.
p53 modulates kinase inhibitor resistance and lineage plasticity in NF1-related MPNSTs
Authors: Grit Jamie , McGee Lauren , Tovar Elizabeth , Essenburg Curt , Wolfrum Emily , Beddows Ian , Williams Kaitlin , Sheridan Rachael , Schipper Josh , Arumugam Menusha , Woude Thomas Vander , Gurunathan Sharavana , Field Jeffrey , Wulfkuhle Julia , Petricoin Emanuel , Graveel Carrie , Adams Marie , Steensma Matthew 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are chemotherapy resistant sarcomas that are a leading cause of death in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Although NF1-related MPNSTs derive from neural crest cell origin, they also exhibit intratumoral heterogeneity. TP53 mutations are associated with significantly decreased survival in MPNSTs, however the mechanisms underlying TP53-mediated therapy responses are unclear in the context of NF1-deficiency. We evaluated the role of two commonly altered genes, MET and TP53, in kinome reprograming and cellular differentiation in preclinical MPNST mouse models. We previously showed that MET amplification occurs early in human MPNST progression and that Trp53 loss abrogated MET-addiction resulting in MET inhibitor resistance. Here we demonstrate a novel mechanism of therapy resistance whereby p53 alters MET stability, localization, and downstream signaling leading to kinome reprogramming and lineage plasticity. Trp53 loss also resulted in a shift from RAS/ERK to AKT signaling and enhanced sensitivity to MEK and mTOR inhibition. In response to MET, MEK and mTOR inhibition, we observed broad and heterogeneous activation of key differentiation genes in Trp53-deficient lines suggesting Trp53 loss also impacts lineage plasticity in MPNSTs. These results demonstrate the mechanisms by which p53 loss alters MET dependency and therapy resistance in MPNSTS through kinome reprogramming and phenotypic flexibility.
Boys Do Cry: Influences of Masculinity &amp; Avoidant-Attachment Style on Post-Romantic Breakup Emotional Distress
Authors: Sherwood Morgen Joy , Kathuria Chirinjeev , Steele Howard 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

This investigation sought to explore the effects of gender and attachment style on intensity of emotional distress following a romantic breakup, and to challenge the substantiated notion that avoidant men experience significantly less emotional distress than all other people including avoidant women. Of 488 individuals who had previously disbanded from a romantic partner, the results of the study showed that avoidant men do not experience significantly less emotional distress than avoidant women. Gender does not have a significant effect on levels of emotional distress, even when participants share similar levels of anxiety and avoidance. Furthermore, results showed a significant positive correlation between anxious-attachment style and level of emotional distress. No such correlation was shown for attachment-avoidance. Discussion focuses on possible reasons for a newfound lack of gender difference among avoidantly-attached individuals, emotionality in relation to societal gender norms, and the role of attachment in romantic relationship breakups.
Exogenous Melatonin and Salicylic Acid Enhance the Drought Resistance of Hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus L.) by Regulating Photosynthesis and Antioxidant System
Authors: Yan Ruiyang , Liu Jinying , Zhang Shuyong , Guo jing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Drought is among the environmental stress factors that causes a decrease in plant productivity. A hot topic in abiotic stress physiology research is how to alleviate drought stress during plant growth. Exogenous substances have been observed to play a positive role in regulating plant responses to drought. Hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus L.) has high ornamental and medicinal value. However, there is a shortage of reports focused on exogenous substances that can alleviate stress caused by environmental factors in hibiscus. This study used 1-year-old H. syriacus var. ‘elegantissimus’ seedlings as experimental materials. We investigated the roles and physiological mechanisms of melatonin (MT) and salicylic acid (SA) on hibiscus during drought stress by observing plant growth status and photosynthetic physiological parameters. The results showed that compared with the treatment of only drought stress, exogenous MT and SA increased the chlorophyll content of plants, enhanced photosynthesis, alleviated photoinhibition, and protected the photosystem. On the other hand, exogenous MT and SA increased the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes (Cu/Zn-SOD, POD-20, CAT, and APX-1) and improved their enzymatic activity. This reduced the ROS content and alleviated the drought-induced oxidative damage. In addition, MT and SA induced the expression of drought-responsive genes HsNCED and HsDBF1. In summary, Exogenous melatonin and salicylic acid can enhance drought resistance of hibiscus by regulating its photosynthetic system, antioxidant enzyme activity, and drought-related genes. The study results provide a crucial scientific basis and theoretical support for the cultivation management and subsequent care of hibiscus.
Relationship between magnetic properties and weathering in red soil profiles developed on weakly magnetic parent rock in the tropical and subtropical region of Yunnan, China
Authors: Li gangqiang , Zhang Xiaoling , Li Haixia , Yang Tao , Chen Yudong , Ren Erhui , Hu Jingyuan , Wang Yang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Magnetic studies of loess-paleosol sequences have shown that the magnetic properties of loess and its parent material is sensitive to weathering degree. However, the relationship between magnetic properties and weathering processes in red soils of southern China remains unclear due to the diversity of parent rocks and the influence of climate. This study focused on red soils developed on weakly magnetic sandstone, in tropical and subtropical regions of Yunnan, China. The principal element content, magnetic susceptibility, temperature-dependent susceptibility curve(ꭓ-T curves), hysteresis loop and Isothermal Remanent Magnetization (IRM) of the samples were determined, the weathering characteristics and magnetic properties of profile samples were analyzed, and their relationship was examined, as well as the impact of climate change on fine-grained ferrimagnetic minerals and magnetic properties. The results revealed that red soils developed on weakly magnetic sandstone exhibited significant correlations between three magnetic indices, low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (χlf), frequency-dependent susceptibility (χfd),(χpost−pre + χd)/χpara, and the silica-sesquioxide ratio (SAF), indicating that these indices can be used to assess soil weathering. Additionally, this study proposed a new index based on the 1 < Log10Bh < 1.5 mT component obtained from decomposition of the IRM curve, which can also be used to assess soil weathering. The enhancement of magnetic properties in red soils along a single profile was found to be related to the increase in the content of fine-grained ferrimagnetic com-ponents controlled by weathering. Comparing the two climatic regions, it was found that in Yunnan, China, as the climate changes from subtropical humid to tropical humid, the weathering of the red soil profiles becomes stronger, and the fine-grained ferrimagnetic components increase, indirectly enhancing the magnetic properties of red soils.
Astragalus injection alters the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin and affects the activity of CYP450 enzymes
Authors: Shi Wenjun , Liu Tian , Wang Kaihe , Mu Leixin , Ji Li , Li Yanling , Zhang Yi , Ma Qun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antitumor antibiotic widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, liver cancer, lymphoma and other malignant tumors. However, its clinical application is limited by the side effects and drug resistance. Astragalus injection has been combined with DOX in the treatment of cancer, which can improve the curative effect and reduce drug resistance. This study investigated the interaction between DOX and Astragalus injection and elucidated the potential mechanism.
Methods
The pharmacokinetics of DOX injection (7 mg/kg) with or without Astragalus injection (4.25 mL/kg/day for 14 days) were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6) by UPLC-MS/MS. The group without the Astragalus injection was set as the control group. Additionally, Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes incubation systems were employed to assess the effects of Astragalus injection on CYP450 enzymes.
Results
Astragalus injection significantly increased the Cmax (2090.01 ± 99.60 vs. 5262.77 ± 111.15 ng/mL) and AUC0-t (1190.23 ± 104.43 vs. 3777.27 ± 130.55 µg/L × h) and prolonged the t1/2α (0.09 ± 0.02 vs. 0.14 ± 0.04 h) of DOX. Astragalus injection significantly inhibited the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4, and enhanced the activity of CYP2D1 with a metabolic elimination rate of 30.11 ± 2.67% vs 19.66 ± 3.41%, 35.95 ± 2.57% vs 23.26 ± 3.57%, 13.43 ± 2.56% vs 9.06 ± 2.51%, 47.90 ± 6.30% vs 25.87 ± 2.55%, 17.62 ± 1.49% vs 24.12 ± 2.91%, respectively (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The co-administration of DOX and Astragalus injection alters the system exposure of DOX, possibly by affecting the metabolism of DOX by affecting the activity of CYP450 enzymes. Further clinical studies could be carried out according to the investigation.
Litter decomposition and nutrient release are faster under secondary forests than under Chinese fir plantations with forest development
Authors: Li Shuaijun , Xu Zijun , Yu Zaipeng , Fu Yanrong , Su Xiangping , Zou Bingzhang , Wang Sirong , Huang Zhiqun , Wan Xiaohua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

In terrestrial ecosystems, leaf litter is the main source of nutrients returning to the soil. Understanding how litter decomposition responds to stand age is critical for improving predictions of the effects of forest age structure on nutrient availability and cycling in ecosystems. However, the changes in this critical process with stand age remain poorly understood due to the complexity and diversity of litter decomposition patterns and drivers among different stand ages. In this study, we examined the effects of stand age on litter decomposition with two well-replicated age sequences of naturally occurring secondary forests and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations in southern China. Our results showed that the litter decomposition rates in the secondary forests were significantly higher than those in the Chinese fir plantations of the same age, except for 40-year-old forests. The litter decomposition rate of the Chinese fir initially increased and then decreased with stand age, while that of secondary forests gradually decreased. The results of a structural equation model indicated that stand age, litter quality and microbial community were the primary factors driving nutrient litter loss. Overall, these findings are helpful for understanding the effects of stand age on the litter decomposition process and nutrient cycling in plantation and secondary forest ecosystems.
Women are Prone to Age-Related aortic Stiffness
Authors: meng zixuan , Cheng lele , Liu wenjun , Yu yue , Liu hui , Yao guolin , Yang jian , Wu yue , Jian Zhijie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The morphology of the aorta changes with age, our study aims to investigate sex differences in the aortic aging by analyzing aortic diameter and tortuosity in different segments of aorta across the age spectrum, using enhanced CT imaging.
Methods
Between July 2021 and April 2022, a retrospective study screened patients with chest and abdomen contrast CT images. The outer edge-to-outer edge method was utilized to measure aortic diameters at five aortic levels, while arterial tortuosity of various segments was measured and calculated using imaging software. Mean values were compared at different age groups, including by sex, and correlation with age was determined. To validate the coherence of arterial elasticity and anticipated age-related arterial alterations, a subset of data from a previously published article in BMJ Open was extracted for the purpose of examining the correlation between age and arterial stiffness, stratified by sexes.
Results
208 participants (56.6% men, mean age 60.13±16.33 years old, mean BMI 23.07±4.03 kg/m2, mean BSA 1.70±0.19 m2) were enrolled in this study. The BSA-adjusted aortic diameters showed a positive correlation with age in both sexes, but females demonstrated a more rapid increase in progressive aortic diameters throughout their lifespan than males. In the age groups of 60-69 and above 80 years old, males exhibited significantly larger L1 measurements than females. Conversely, in individuals over 80 years old, females displayed greater L3 values compared to their male counterparts. However, no sexual disparities were observed for L2, L4 and L5 across all ages. Females exhibited greater aortic tortuosity in the descending thoracic region compared to males across all age groups, whereas this sex-based distribution of aortic and abdominal tortuosity was only evident among individuals over 40 years old. The tortuosity of the aorta and descending thoracic aorta exhibits a marked increase with advancing age, particularly in females, while a non-significant linear correlation is observed between abdominal aortic tortuosity and age in both genders. BaPWV consistently increased with age in both males and females, but the increase was more significant in females. Although males initially had higher arterial stiffness, females surpassed them as they aged.
Conclusions
Patterns of vascular aging in aortic morphology differ between the sexes across the life course, with women experiencing more significant changes, especially in advanced age groups.
Geo-spatial hotspots of Tuberculosis in the global general population: a systematic review
Authors: Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Andrade Rubia Laine de Paula , Rosa Rander Junior , Tavares Reginaldo Bazon Vaz , Berra Thais Zamboni , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this systematic review is to identify tuberculosis hotspots among the general population globally. The review was conducted using the following steps: elaboration of the research question, search for relevant publications, selection of studies found, data extraction, analysis, and evidence synthesis. METHODS The guiding question was elaborated with the CoCoPop acronym (condition, context and population): where are the geo-spatial hotspots of tuberculosis (Co) in general population (Pop) in the global context (Co)? For bibliographic search, controlled and free vocabularies that address the question to be investigated was used. The searches were carried out in five scientific literature databases and on Google Scholar. RESULTS A total of 79 published articles between 1982 and 2022 which is a 40 years study period were evaluated. To answer these questions above, out of the 79 studies, China has the highest number of studies constituting 40% of all countries that have carried out geospatial analysis of TB followed by Brazil with 23%, Iran and Ethiopia both have 6% and others 2% and 1%. Various maps were used in the various studies and the most used is the thematic map (32%), rate map (26%), map of temporal tendency (20%), and others like the kernel density map (6%). The characteristics of the hotspots and the factors that affects hotspot’s location is evident through studies related to poor socioeconomic conditions constituting (39%), followed by high population density (17%), climate related clustering (15%), hotspots spread to neighboring cities (13%), unstable and non-random cluster (11%). CONCLUSION There exist specific hotspots for Tb which are areas that are related to low socioeconomic conditions and spectacular weather conditions, these areas when well-known will be easy targets for intervention by policy makers. We recommend that more studies making use of spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal analysis be carried to point out territories and populations that are vulnerable to TB.
PathGuard: Trustworthy Routing for Sustainable and Secure IoT-WSN Networks
Authors: KUMAR NEERAJ , Sharma Sanjeev 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The fusion of Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has brought about a paradigm shift in the realm of IoT-WSN, enabling seamless real-time monitoring and control of remote systems through efficient data collection and transmission. However, the pressing challenge of limited energy resources in sensors demands ingenious strategies to optimize their longevity and harness their capabilities to the fullest extent. Additionally, guaranteeing secure data transmission is of utmost importance to safeguard sensitive information from potential cyber threats. This research proposes a novel approach to address these critical concerns, introducing a trust-based node behavior estimation method for identifying malicious nodes within the IoT-WSN. This technique enhances data transmission integrity, bolstering the reliability and security of the network. Additionally, an efficient routing scheme is presented that optimizes data transmission to the central station, minimizing delays and maximizing the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) to facilitate swift and effective communication. Through comprehensive analysis and evaluation, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated using key performance metrics such as Delay and PDR. Furthermore, the Future research in IoT-WSN can explore efficient resource allocation algorithms, advanced data analytics techniques, novel communication protocols, and the potential of emerging technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence.
Charcoal Production Systems from Smallholder Plantation implications on Carbon Emission and Sustainable Livelihood Benefits in North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Tazebew Ewunetu , Sato Shinjiro , Addisu Solomon , Bekele Eshetu , Alemu Asmamaw , Belay Berhanu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Charcoal production from Eucalyptus camaldulensis small-scale plantations has considerable socioeconomic benefits and improves livelihoods in Ethiopia. Nonetheless, charcoal is produced using traditional earth mound kilns, resulting in poor efficiency, lower charcoal income, and pollution of the environment. This research evaluates the charcoal conversion efficiency, cost-benefit analysis, and emission of gases from improved charcoal-making kilns from Eucalyptus camaldulensis small-scale plantations compared to traditional earth mound kilns. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with a level of significance of t 0.05. The result of the study shows significant (P < 0.001) variation in charcoal conversion efficiency among the different tested kilns, with the order of green mad retort kiln (33.7%) > Casamance kiln (32.09%) > MRV steel kiln (28.25%) > traditional earth mound kilns (23.55%). Improved charcoal-making kilns increased the efficiency of wood-to-charcoal conversion by 20–43% compared to the traditional earth mound kilns. The financial profitability analysis revealed that Casamance improved kilns generate the highest equivalent annual charcoal income (117126.9 ETB year-1) followed by Green Mad Retort (82893.8 ETB year-1) and MRV steel kilns (58495.9 ETB year-1) respectively. As was expected, the lowest net present value was found from traditional earth mound kilns (47304.3 ETB year-1). The carbonization time of traditional earth mound kilns was significantly (P < 0.001) the longest, with 3.6 times in the Mark V kiln and 2 times in the Casamance kiln. Furthermore, statistical analysis shows that improved charcoal-making technology reduces the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) by 36.1–50.7%, carbon monoxide (CO) by 39.2–54.3%, and methane (CH4) by 29.6–47%. In general, a shift from traditional to cleaner, renewable, and environmentally friendly charcoal kilns is needed.
Can COVID Change Career Choice?: A survey of medical students
Authors: Chandra Shruti , Olaf Mark F. , Bord Sharon , Dixon William , Katirji Linda , Pasirstein Michael , Schrepel Caitlin , Scott Kevin R. , Fix Megan L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to substantial changes in the delivery of healthcare and medical education. Little is known about how the pandemic has altered medical students' perceptions in regard to career choice.
Methods
The authors developed and implemented a multi-center survey that evaluated medical students' career choice before and during the coronavirus pandemic. The survey was distributed to all levels of medical students (MS) at nine medical schools across the country from November 2020 to January 2021. The study was deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board at the host institution, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, and all participating sites.
Results
1431 students completed the survey. The COVID pandemic was cited as a reason for a changed interest in specialty by 193 (13.5%) students. The most common reason for specialty change was the students’ clinical experience, followed by a desire to be on the front lines, and personal/family health concerns. There was a significant association between career change and degree of interest among students interested in emergency medicine (EM) as their future specialty before the COVID pandemic as well as during the COVID pandemic. Living with an immunocompromised individual had a significant association with a reduction of interest in EM. There was a significant association between EM rotation completion and how interested students were in EM as their future specialty before the COVID pandemic and during the COVID pandemic. Among EM interested students whose specialty interest was changed by the COVID pandemic, 34 (41.5%) became less favorable to EM, 28 (34.2%) stayed the same, and 20 (24.4%) students became more favorable to EM.
Conclusions
The impact of COVID-19 on medical students’ career choice is a complicated matter that involves both personal and professional factors. It appears that there is a trend towards less interest in the field of EM with multifactorial influences, some of which are related to the COVID-19 pandemic.