bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The voyage of 600 years
Authors: Baxter Stephen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter concerns the ethical governance of a worldship; that is, a slower-than-light starship which may take centuries or more to reach its target so that generations of crew spend their whole lives aboard the ship. Any ethical governance institution should seek to maximize the recognition of the human rights of the crew. The ‘caretaker generations’ face lifelong confinement aboard the worldship, and the necessity of maintaining sustainable reproduction rates in a closed environment imposes restrictions on individual reproductive choices. Solutions may lie in large crew sizes and ship dimensions, or advanced technologies. The worldship deserves study. At present, it is probably our most promising technological means of taking humans to the stars. And, ethically speaking, the worldship may be an extreme test case of the confinement of humans in space. If a worldship can be morally permissible, then so presumably will any other form of space colony.
Distinctiveness and the Secret Life of Social Class in Representations of Culture
Authors: Wallace Derron 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter points out how social class shapes representations of Caribbean culture in schools. In London and New York, Black Caribbean students drew on distinctiveness as a cultural strategy for pursuing power by distancing themselves from a more stigmatized group to escape the culture trap. However, Caribbean youth in New York often emphasized a different kind of distinctiveness than their counterparts in London. In New York, where Caribbean identities are deemed an asset, some Caribbean students defended claims of collective distinctiveness as an exercise in ethnic pride. In London, where Caribbean culture is misrepresented as a liability, some Caribbean students reject negative appraisals of their cultural identities through claims of individual distinctiveness. This chapter suggests that for Black Caribbean youth in London and New York, the groups they most consistently sought to distance themselves from were low-income Black people. This reveals the secret life of class in representations of culture.
Conclusion
Authors: Wallace Derron 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter recapitulates the key findings of the book and highlights their implications for addressing the culture trap in education. The chapter reveals that distinctiveness, deference, and defiance are not cultural strategies unique to Black Caribbean and ethno-racial minority youth. These are strategies used by a host of social actors to pursue power and to deflect critiques of stereotyping, including teachers. Given ongoing commitments to racial equity in British and American public schools, this chapter suggests that paying careful attention to the hidden, taken-for-granted ways in which ‘culture’ is strategically used to make sense of Black students’ academic achievement and behavior is essential to understanding how racism works as a shapeshifting formula. The chapter also explores the implications of the study, ones that are of growing importance, especially as demographic, cultural, and linguistic diversity increases in British and American schools.
Performance TipsManaging Anxiety
Authors: van der Werff Ivo-Jan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter shares the idea that performance anxiety is perfectly acceptable and offers ideas on how to deal with it. It questions where this anxiety comes from, what causes it, and how players can utilize this added energy in performance, not overworking and stressing their bodies and minds in the pursuit of viola playing. The chapter encourages being aware of any physical issues before they become a problem. It shows how to work in small increments and not overpractice. It introduces the idea of physical exercise as part of daily practice, allowing the body to develop its own strength and be better able to handle the physical stresses of playing. It also includes ideas on mental health and the mental attitudes all players should have.
Affirmative Action
Authors: Darby Derrick 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
There was a brief period when affirmative action (a small-tent remedy) was a way to create greater educational opportunities for blacks in America. But that ship has sailed. It now faces impassable judicial headwinds. Charting a course toward a realistic blacktopia begins with understanding why we must forget about race-based affirmative action to secure racial progress in America going forward. To understand why this small-tent remedy is no longer viable, and what the alternative is, we can attend to lessons from Grutter v. Bollinger. In this 2003 ruling on a race-conscious law school admissions policy, a liberal majority of US Supreme Court justices accepts the demise of race-based affirmative action and pragmatically pursues a path forward on racial progress by lowering the race-first flag. This chapter analyzes the ruling and draws out its implications.
The Dignity of Voting
Authors: Darby Derrick 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter vindicates a legal system of rights that guarantees all citizens the right to vote by drawing on philosophical insights about dignity found in the writings of Martin Luther King Jr. The chapter begins by identifying consequences that can befall a nation that does not guarantee its citizens the right to vote: damage to its stability, national solidarity, and moral authority. King’s prominent theme in his argument for this right puts an ethical concern with dignity front and center: having a capacity for deliberative choice or to make up one’s mind is a source of the worth of dignified creatures. The right to vote publicly expresses a governmental commitment to dignity, something that King was devoted to getting the nation to do. We can also consider the actual practice of rights we have before us and ask whether, how, and to what extent it is dignity respecting or dignity promoting.
Gender and Aggression: Nature or Nurture?
Authors: Barnhart Joslyn N. , Trager Robert F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The early suffragists believed that women’s suffrage would lead to peace because women differ from men in their political preferences and their willingness to countenance violence. But were they right? Are men and women really different in this way? This chapter shows that there is ample evidence to suggest that the faith in women’s relative pacifism was well warranted. Women are less likely to engage in interpersonal aggression and are less likely to support the use of military force against other nations in wars of choice. This is true across countries and across time, except when humanitarian needs or immediate selfdefense concerns eclipse other rationales for conflict. One cannot say definitively why these differences exist. But one can say that there is compelling evidence that both nature and nature play a role in shaping the differing behavior of the sexes across the animal kingdom, including in humans.
Abhinavagupta’s Panentheism and New Materialism
Authors: Biernacki Loriliai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Chapter One looks at Abhinavagupta’s conception of subjectivity (ahantā) in relation to matter, and specifically in terms of what it can impart for a New Materialism. Addressing the idea of boundaries, the boundary between matter and life, in relation to viruses and also in terms of ideas of subject and object as grammatical structure, this chapter outlines what this means for the idea that objects might have agency. This chapter also addresses panentheism in relation to atheism and animism, offering comparisons with figures such as Walt Whitman and Spinoza who are frequently invoked for a New Materialism and arguing that Abhinavagupta’s formulation of subjectivity gives voice to a more expansive articulation of immanence than we find even in as radical a thinker as Spinoza. Also, not following the model of object-oriented ontology of thinkers such as William Harman and Timothy Morton, we are not barred from accessing the inside of objects, which themselves have access to subjectivity.
The Subtle Body
Authors: Biernacki Loriliai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses the subtle body (sūkṣma śarīra, puryaṣṭaka) within Abhinavagupta’s Tantric philosophy, arguing that it operates to acknowledge the multiplicity of agencies that make up human volition. The subtle body affords recognition that the human is not master in its own house but instead points to an expansive ecology with multiple expressions of agency directing human choices. Addressing specifically the ideas of theology and agency, this chapter comparatively situates the concept of human agency. Drawing on Darwin’s description of his loss of faith, his rejection of theology over seeing the parasitic wasp infecting the caterpillar, I counterpose Abhinavagupta’s theological description of the subtle body as a body inhabited and directed, not by parasites, but by gods. This chapter argues that Abhinavagupta’s theological inscription of deities driving human action offers a perspectival shift whereby theology registers respect for the affective processes of the body.
Panentheism, Panpsychism, Theism
Authors: Biernacki Loriliai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses a key element of Abhinavagupta’s panentheism: the question of how we get sentience, through looking at the possibilities for computer sentience, machine AI, and specifically Nick Bostrom’s discussion of a paperclip apocalypse. Abhinavagupta locates the essence of sentience in the term vimarśa. I suggest Abhinavagupta’s use of the term vimarśa more closely approximates what contemporary neuroscientists and philosophers, such as Anil Seth and John Searle, understand as consciousness, rather than the terms that are ubiquitously used to translate the notion of consciousness from Indian languages to English, like cit, citi, or saṃvid. This chapter argues that Abhinavagupta affords priority to vimarśa precisely because of its links to activity, a capacity to do things in our material reality. Employing a dual-aspect monism, his formulation parses out a key distinction for his panentheism, but also for a contemporary panpsychism and for New Materialism: the idea of consciousness as a fabric of reality in relation to awareness as a first-person perspective. This entails a pervasive subjectivity, even within matter.
A Modern Plague
Authors: Arnold David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Arriving in Bombay in 1896, bubonic plague (a contagion previously associated with the Middle East and with Europe's experience of the Black Death) created a new sense of panic around "oriental" disease. Prompted by fears of the loss of overseas trade, the Government of India's Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897 promulgated draconian measures designed to thwart the onward spread of the disease. In Bombay and elsewhere plague caused alarm and flight from the cities, but aggressive state action also provoked widespread anger and resistance. As plague continued to spread across India, and reached a political crisis point in Poona in 1897, provincial governments were obliged to moderate their intervention and seek support from Indian elites as well as allowing non-Western medical practitioners greater authority. The chapter considers plague in the light of contemporary Indian experience, especially that of women, with personal memoirs and photography allowing unprecedented insight into popular perceptions of disease and public health. The discussion concludes with consideration of the importance of the plague episode to prophylactic inoculation and as a stimulus to bacteriology and Indian medical research.
Conflicted Certification
Authors: Vogel Christoph N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Beyond the socio-economic impact of traceability systems such as iTSCi, another yardstick for "conflict-free" sourcing initiatives is linked to the evolution of conflict around eastern Congo's artisanal mines. This chapter demonstrates the limited positive impact of the fight against "conflict minerals". First, it illustrates how conflict parties, illegal trade, and transnational regulation geographically co-habit, and how they permeate each other while competing for "public authority" in mining areas. Inspired by seminal scholarship on regulation and access, the chapter describes the challenges for reform in a context of competing legal and contested political order. Second, it puts transnational regulation of artisanal mining in perspective with the ongoing fragmentation of armed politics in eastern Congo. As opposed to dominant readings of the resource conflicts nexus, this book refrains from suggesting causality, but emphasises how the certification of eastern Congo's 3T minerals correlates with a perpetuation of violence and new peaks in human rights violations and rebel proliferation.
Transgression
Authors: Hussain Adeel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter pieces together the trail of violence that led up to the Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan in 1974, where Ahmadis were constitutionally excluded from claiming Muslim citizenship. It examines several anti-Ahmadiyya riots that occurred in the early years of Pakistan's formation. This chapter ultimately finds that Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's transformation of blasphemy from a criminal offence punishable under the penal code into a constitutional provision had severe legal and political consequences for Pakistan.
Transparency and Subjective Character
Authors: Howell Robert J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, I argue that subjective character, if it is phenomenologically substantial, conflicts with the transparency of perceptual experience. More specifically, if subjective character accompanies all conscious states, then it should exist in unreflective perceptual states. These states, however, appear transparent and there is no room for self-referential phenomenology on the unreflective level. I end the chapter by considering an empirical argument for the existence of subjective character based on depersonalization, and I argue that the best interpretation of patient reports is consistent with a lack of subjective character.
Mineness, Deflation, and Transparency
Authors: Soldati Gianfranco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is widely accepted that experience is given in the first person in a special way, different from the way it is presented in the third person. To say that an experience is given to the subject in a special way might be taken to mean that there is a special way a subject can come to know her own experience. The claim under scrutiny is that one cannot accept the idea that there is a special way a subject can come to know her own experience and yet reject the presence of phenomenal mineness. I label this contention the mineness link. I argue against it and propose an alternative. An argument against the mineness link is not as such an argument against phenomenal mineness. The present project might be understood as arguing for the epistemological inefficiency of mineness, rather than for its psychological unreality.
The Sense of Body Ownership
Authors: Orbán Krisztina , Wong Hong Yu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne not only feels one’s body ‘from the inside’, but also has a sense of ownership over that body. This sense of body ownership can be compromised in illness and can also be experimentally induced, so that one feels artificial limbs to be one’s own. The convergence of the philosophical, experimental, and clinical literatures on the sense of body ownership has generated much excitement. It would appear that these disciplines are all studying the sense of body ownership. But when one looks more carefully, it is unclear whether these diverse disciplines are trying to answer the same question. In this chapter, we introduce five different questions about the sense of body ownership—constitutive, phenomenological, causal, functional, and mereological questions—so as to get clear on what we are studying when we claim we are studying body ownership, and use these distinctions to draw morals for the current debate.
On Self-Determination
Authors: Stilz Anna 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter engages with David Miller’s thought on self-determination. While Stilz accepts Miller’s claim that states must be self-determining in the right kind of way to be legitimate, she disagrees that we should draw the limits of the self-determining entity with reference to shared ideas of national cultural identity. Instead, she seeks to explain self-determination’s value by anchoring it in the interest in appropriately seeing oneself as a co-author of the institutions that coercively govern one’s life. What Stilz calls ‘maker freedom’ can be furthered by an individual’s membership in a self-determining group, which can be political or non-political in character. So self-determining peoples need not share objective cultural characteristics, but only need to share a second-order procedural commitment to the group venture. Self-determination is seen as rooted in the fundamental good of autonomy, whereby we are able to lead lives that we can appropriately see as our own.
Decision and Practical Reasoning
Authors: Koralus Philipp 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter extends the erotetic theory to decision-making, allowing the definition of a notion of an erotetic agent. The chapter diagnoses widely discussed decision-making phenomena like framing effects and the endowment effect as structurally similar to the reasoning fallacies discussed in previous chapters. The chapter obtains that, as in previous chapters, erotetic equilibrium secures classical standards of rationality, in this case classically rational choice. The chapter also considers how erotetic reasons-based decision-making can facilitate rapid action, making sense of what are sometimes termed “affordances.” Finally, the chapter considers unique threats the erotetic agent faces, and proposes an argument that deliberative democracy has particular legitimacy for erotetic agents: collective judgment at the end of a suitable deliberative process is a better reflection of group agency because it tends to be a better reflection of individual agency.
Temperature of the Villarrica Lava Lake from 1963 to 2015 Constrained by Phase-Equilibrium and a New Glass Geothermometer for Basaltic Andesites
Authors: Moussallam Yves , Lee Hyun Joo , Ding Shuo , DeLessio Maegan , Everard Jenna Lauren , Spittle Emily , Lu George , Baur Jasper , Glazer Emily , Peccia Ally , Zaman Maheenuz , Alper Nathaniel , Slibeck Bennett 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMagma/lava temperature is one of the most basic and critical parameters in volcanology. Yet at many active volcanoes, including during eruptions, this parameter remains poorly constrained due to vent accessibility, with estimates from different geothermometers commonly varying by several tens to more than a hundred degrees. One such volcano is Villarrica, one of the most active and hazardous volcanoes in South America and whose crater hosts a persistent lava lake. Here, we use experimentally determined phase equilibria to constrain the temperature of the Villarrica lava lake. The experiments were all performed at ambient pressure (i.e. 0.1 MPa), ranged in temperature from 1000°C to 1250°C and in oxygen fugacity from QFM + 1 to QFM–1 (where QFM stands for the quartz-fayalite-magnetite redox buffer). Within the investigated range, fO2 was found to have little to no effect on the phase equilibria and hence the lava lake fO2 could not be constrained. The temperature range explored, however, did bracket the entire liquidus to solidus assemblage evolution. On the basis of these experiments, two empirical geothermometers calibrated strictly between 1050°C and 1200°C (i.e. not to be used outside this range) were developed for the Villarrica lava lake based on its matrix glass composition and modal proportion. The 2015 state of the natural system was experimentally reproduced at temperatures around 1141°C. In detail, the lava lake melt composition in the period 1963 to 2015 indicates a cooling trend from 1186 ± 19°C in 1963 to 1153 ± 8°C in 1999–2000 and 1149 ± 28°C in 2015. A generic glass geothermometer was also developed for any Basaltic Andesite composition from the compilation of 175 phase equilibria experiments giving the relation: $Melt\ Temperature\ \left({}^{\circ}C\right)=12.43\times {\mathrm{Al}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_3+10.73\times \mathrm{MgO}+8.51\times \mathrm{CaO}+5.91\times \left({Na}_2\mathrm{O}+{K}_2\mathrm{O}\right)+814.08$ with all oxides in wt.% normalized. The geothermometers we have developed can be used to follow future temperature evolutions of the Villarrica lava lake or to estimate the lava temperature at any basaltic andesite eruption. Their application is simple, requiring only petrographic observations (to quantify the melt proportion) or analysis of the melt composition.
Self-filling enclosures to experimentally assess plankton response to pulse nutrient enrichments
Authors: Giménez-Grau Pau , Camarero Lluís , Palacín-Lizarbe Carlos , Sala-Faig Marc , Zufiaurre Aitziber , Pla-Rabés Sergi , Felip Marisol , Catalan Jordi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExperimental nutrient additions are a fundamental approach to investigating plankton ecology. Possibilities range from whole-lake fertilization to flask assays encompassing a trade-off between closeness to the “real world” and feasibility and replication. Here we describe an enclosure type that minimizes the manipulation of planktonic communities during the enclosure filling. The enclosure (typically ~100 L volume) consists of a narrow translucent cylinder that can comprise the entire photic zone (or a large part of it in clear deep lakes, e.g. 20-m long) and holds a sediment trap at the bottom for recovering the sinking material. The enclosures are inexpensive and straightforward to build. Thus, many can be used in an experiment, favoring the diversity of treatments and the number of replicates. They also are lightweight with easy transport and use in lakes that cannot be reached by road. The enclosures are fundamentally aimed at investigating the short-term response of the planktonic community, integrated across the photic zone, to pulse perturbations using before and after comparisons and multiple replication and treatments. The pros and cons of the enclosure design are evaluated based on experience gained in Lake Redon, a high mountain ultraoligotrophic deep lake in the Pyrenees.