bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease-Specific and Gender-Dependent Gut-Microbiome Features in Chinese Colon Polyps Patients
Authors: Chen Binbin , Liu Ming , Liu Hui , Shen Yang , Li Jiaorong , Wang Yanan , Song Xintong , Wei Zhixing , Liu Jingyao , Wei Xiangrui , Liu Lanzheng , Zhao Xiulan , Zhang Mingbao , Zhou Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Colon polyps (CP) is a chronic disease prevalent in the middle-aged adults. To improve the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CP incidence, we explored the disease-specific and gender-dependent features of gut-microbiome in Chinese CP patients.
Methods
We enrolled 124 CP patients (40 females and 84 males) that contain 89 single polyps cases and 35 multiple polyps cases. Their basic information, blood chemistry and gut microbiome were analyzed to find out disease-specific and gender-dependent features.
Results
We found that smaller blood platelet size was associated with multiple colon polyps type (χ2 p < 0.05). Less breakfast frequency and more alcohol intake showed logistic association with disadvantageous blood biochemistry, including serum triglyceride level, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and fasted blood glucose levels (Chi square p < 0.01). CP patients had significantly higher gut-microbiome diversity than alcoholic fatty liver diseases (n = 12) but less than that observed in the ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (n = 20). Bioinformatics analysis showed that CP gut-microbiome is linked with higher cancer risk than UC. The gut-microbiome of CP patients are featured by Prevotellaceae and Paraprevotellaceae. We further found that inflammatory/infectous related Alcaligenaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Erysipeltrichaceae were abundant in male CP patients, whereas neutral/beneficial Barnesiellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Odoribacteraceae and Rikenellaceae were abundant in female CP patients.
Conclusion
To summarize, gut-microbiome demonstrated to be highly gender-dependent and disease-specific in CP patients and our data provides valuable reference to the gut-microbiome centered treatment of CP patients of different genders.
Is adjuvant chemotherapy necessary for rectal cancer patients staged at ypT3-4N0?
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhan Qingzhen , Lai Cheng , Pan Xinying , Zhong Xiaohong , Shao Lingdong , Wu Junxin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose: There is substantial evidence evaluating the clinical efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for rectal cancer patients staged at ypN+ and ypT0-2N0, but few studies focus on those staged at ypT3-4N0.
Methods: Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from January 2011 to December 2015. Stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (sIPTW) was adopted to balance the baseline clinicopathological characteristics of ypT3-4N0 patients receiving AC or not. A risk score was established to predict the prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS) and identify who would be the beneficiary of AC.
Results: A total of 920 patients staged at ypT3-4N0 were eligible, including 311 patients (33.8%) receiving AC. No significant difference was observed in OS between patients receiving AC or not before and after sIPTW (both P>0.05). The current risk score exhibited better discrimination power and overall net benefit than the 8th AJCC staging system, as well as improved prediction power. Based on the risk score, patients were divided into high- and low-risk subgroups, and only the high-risk subgroup was found to benefit from AC (P<0.05). Lastly, the risk score was validated by 100 consecutive patients from Fujian Cancer Hospital, and the advantage of AC was also confirmed in the high-risk subgroup.
Conclusion: In this study, we proposed a risk-adapted and readily accessible risk score to guide the management of AC in ypT3-4N0 patients. According to the risk score, high-risk patients should be routinely recommended AC.
Denosumab vs placebo efficacy in bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, and function in osteopenic patients with lumbar degenerative diseases after lumbar fusion surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Hongyu , Xiao Xiao , Wang Song , Xie Yongheng , Zhang Xin , Chen Gaoyang , Liu Chungeng , Zhu Yong , Yang Yuling , Xiao Guozhi , Yang Dazhi , Peng Songlin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective: Denosumab has been shown to be effective in increasing bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. However, the effect of denosumab on BMD, bone turnover markers (BTMs), and quality of life in osteopenic patients after spinal fusion remains unknown.
Methods: We performed a randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial in osteopenic patients with lumbar degenerative diseases. All participants underwent lumbar fusion, received calcium (1200 mg/day) and vitamin D (800 IU/day) supplementation, and were randomized to receive subcutaneous injection of 60 mg denosumab or placebo every 6 months post-surgery. Patients were followed for up to 12 months post-operation.
Results: We found that denosumab significantly improved percentage BMD of lumbar spine by 5.35% vs -0.45%, total hip by 3.68% vs -0.72%, and femoral neck by 3.41% vs -0.69% compared with placebo, at 12-month timepoint (p<0.05). Denosumab significantly decreased percentage change of amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen P1NP and β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen CTX compared with placebo in osteopenic patients after lumbar fusion at the 12-month follow-up (p<0.05). Denosumab improved the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) back scores, though no significant difference in VAS leg score, the EuroQol Five-Dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire, the Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis-31 (QUALEFFO-31), and the Roland-Morris Disability Functioning Questionnaire (RMDQ) compared with the placebo group at the 12-month follow-up. Lastly, no significant difference was observed for the rate of new fractures, re-operation, complications, and adverse events between denosumab and placebo groups at the 12-month follow-up.
Conclusion: Ultimately, our data demonstrate that denosumab is effective in increasing BMD of lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck, suppression of BTMs and maintaining functional status in osteopenic patients after lumbar fusion surgery.
Deployable and Weighted Ensemble- Based Deep Learning Model for Alzheimer’s Disease Detection
Authors: Nagarajan Vishal , Venkataramana Lokeswari , D Venkatavara Prasad , Narasimhan Veeraraghavan , Santhanakrishnan Sundeep 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Deep Learning is a subset of Artificial In- telligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) which can understand and learn hidden features in images and make better predictions. Healthcare field is increasingly seeing automated AI involvement in making disease predictions by providing sufficient labeled data. Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological condition in which the death of brain cells causes memory loss and cognitive decline.
Objective: Currently, most Deep Learning models for Alzheimer’s Dis- ease prediction uses cloud server architecture which increases the infer- ence time manifold and opens up the risk of data breach as personal data of subjects are sent to the cloud for computation. This work aims to de- tect Alzheimer’s Disease and deploy it on a scalable edge-device such as Raspberry Pi.
Methods: A weighted ensemble network is proposed to serve the pur- pose. This method includes individual models such as AlexNet, DenseNet- 121, and InceptionV3. The ensemble network is build atop these networks and selects the best performing model for a given input image.
Results: The accuracy and sensitivity obtained using the proposed weighted ensemble network is 98.44% and 98.44% respectively. The inference time
of classifying an input recorded on Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is 1.97 sec- onds. The weighted ensemble network produced 5% and 19% improve- ment in accuracy and 6.5% increase in sensitivity when comparing with related research work in the domain.
Conclusion: From this work, it can be seen that there is a large poten- tial to make Alzheimer’s Disease Detection scalable on edge-devices and making it real-time.
Besides TLR2 and TLR4, NLRP3 is also involved in regulating Escherichia coli infection-induced inflammatory responses in mice
Authors: Shen Yuan , Gong Zhiguo , Zhang Shuangyi , Cao Jinshan , Mao Wei , Yao Yuan , Li Qianru , Liu Kun , Liu Bo , Feng Shuang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The host TLR2 and TLR4 play critical roles in defense against Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection. The NLRP3 inflammasome is the most thoroughly characterized and responds to numerous physically and chemically diverse stimuli. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of TLR2, TLR4 and NLRP3 in the host inflammatory response to E. coli infection remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of TLR2, TLR4 and NLRP3 in regulating the inflammatory response in E. coli infection-induced mice. Our result indicated that macrophages from NLRP3-deficient mice showed significantly reduced secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), braun lipoprotein (BLP), or WT E. coli compared with macrophages from wild-type mice. In addition, TNF-α and IL-1β production in mouse serum after stimulation agreed with the macrophage data. Liver damage in TLR2-deficient, TLR4-deficient, and NLRP3-deficient mice significantly decreased compared to wild-type mice after stimulation with LPS, BLP, or WT E. coli. These results indicate that besides TLR2 and TLR4, NLRP3 is also plays a critical role in host inflammatory responses to defense against E. coli infection, and might provide a therapeutic target in combating disease with bacterium infection.
Effect of improved right subclavian vein catheterization on the direction of catheter tip in children
Authors: Wang Xueqing , Chen Yuanzhen , Zhao Jing , Xing Dajun , Xu Liang , Xu Bo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background. Catheter tip malposition frequently occurs with subclavian vein catheterization.The supine position returns more and faster blood to the heart than the head down position.It is assumed that the soft catheter is easy to follow the flow forward. This study investigates the influence of catheter flexibility and position on right subclavian catheter placement.
Methods. Patients who required subclavian venipuncture catheterization at the Department of Hematology and oncology, Shenzhen Children's hospital were randomly divided into two groups: test group A (80 patients) vs control group B (81 patients).Group A was in the flat position, and the guide wire was partially retracted during catheter placement.Group B used the traditional method of catheterization.Intraoperative ultrasound was used to check the direction of the catheter tip and postoperative chest X-ray was performed.
Results. The correct rate of catheter tip orientation at the first insertion in group A was higher than that in group B (86.2% vs 66.7%, P < 0.05), and the rate of catheter misplacement in right internal jugular vein in group A was lower than that in group B (10.0% vs 29.6%, P < 0.05). The incidence of intraoperative arrhythmia in group A was lower than that in group B (0.0% vs 14.8%, P < 0.05).No significant differences in general data and other complications between them. Repeated catheterization failed in 5 patients,and other methods were used for catheterization.
Conclusions. The use of the guide wire in the supine position can reduce catheter malposition in children with right subclavian vein catheterization.
Effect of oral 17β-estradiol on zootechnical performance, sex ratio and first maturation of mullet Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836
Authors: Rocha V. M. da , Silva C. S. , Pilotto M. R. , Magnotti C. C. F. , Martins M. L. , Cerqueira V. R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

The Mugil liza mullet is a pelagic fish, widely distributed on the Atlantic coast of South America. Its female gonads have high value and market demand, which makes the female monosexual breeding desirable. The objective of this work was to use the hormone 17β-estradiol orally in juveniles to increase the proportion of females, evaluating the zootechnical performance and the first sexual maturation. There were five treatments: 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mg of 17β-estradiol per kg of diet and a control without hormone use for 60 days. Each experimental unit was stocked with 150 fish, weighing 0.15 ± 0.7 g and measuring 2.1 ± 0.5 cm. The first sexual maturation was observed at the end of the second year of life. Male (94.64%), female (1.78%) and intersexual or ovotestis (3.57%) gonads were identified. In the majority (96.22%) of the male gonads of the fish that received the hormone, there was a change in morphology, mainly in the treatments that received higher doses. Hormonal treatments affected the gonads, but there was no sexual inversion. As the species presents sexual differentiation several months after fertilization, other tests must be performed, changing the initial size of individuals and the duration of treatment. The higher frequency of males indicates that, in addition to genetic factors, environmental factors may be acting on sex determination mechanisms.
Exploratory Data Analysis of Earthquake Moment Tensor Catalog using Non-linear Graph-based Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Kubo Hisahiko , Kimura Takeshi , Shiomi Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The information on spatial location, origin time and fault mechanism type of earthquakes is contained in moment tensor solutions, which are routinely estimated. The catalog of moment tensor solutions has been interpreted by researchers based on a wealth of past knowledge; however, the long-term routine analyses have led to the accumulation of a huge amount of data in moment tensor catalog, and it is necessary to move away from the artisanal approach. In this study, using dimensionality reduction of unsupervised machine learning, we performed exploratory data analysis of the moment tensor catalog to objectively obtain images of seismic activity and to acquire knowledge on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the earthquake mechanism. Source parameters of the moment tensor catalog in Japan, spatial location (latitude, longitude, and depth) and source-mechanism diagram information, were embedded in two-dimensional space via a non-linear graph-based dimensionality-reduction method, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection. On the embedding map, earthquakes in eastern and western Japan are distributed separately and are further embedded to reflect their characteristic fault mechanism and depth in each region. The similarity degree of the earthquakes can be obtained as the distance on the embedding map. This study demonstrates that the data visualization using dimensionality reduction is useful for intuitively and objectively understanding the regional characteristics of earthquake mechanisms. The embedding map can also be employed to visualize temporal changes in regional seismic activity, and to perform a similarity search with a past event.
Children’s linear growth and mother’s education in India: Do the pathways have a role to play?
Authors: Balasubramaniam Divya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Existing literature provides inconclusive evidence on the direct causal effects of mothers’ educational attainment in improving children’s health outcomes. However, several studies identify mechanisms such as information processing, health knowledge, bargaining power, and wealth effects by which a mother’s education can influence children’s health outcomes. This paper examines the impact of mothers’ health knowledge, bargaining power, and household wealth in determining the children’s linear growth in India using the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-3) 2005-06 household-level survey data. By employing instrumental variables (IV) and smoothed instrumental variables quantile regressions approach (SIVQR), the paper finds evidence that a mother’s health knowledge, bargaining power, and household wealth are plausible pathways by which a mother’s education influences children’s height-for-age (HAZ) outcomes in India. Specifically, the SIVQR results indicate that health knowledge strongly influences health outcomes, with the magnitude of the effects being positive and significant in the lowest and the highest quintiles. On the other hand, the results show a negative and significant impact on the bargaining power index in the upper quintile of the HAZ nutritional distribution. One plausible explanation for this result is that children in the upper quintiles are the healthiest; therefore, empowered mothers who experience a ‘power imbalance’ may negatively influence a child’s health. Furthermore, there is evidence of household wealth's distributional impact on children’s height increases across the HAZ nutritional distribution.JEL Classification:O1, O5, H4, I1
Investigational medications in 9,638 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: lessons from the “fail-and-learn” strategy during the first two waves of the pandemic in 2020
Authors: Delgado Adam C. , Cornett Brendon , Choi Ye Ji , Colosimo Christina , Stahel Vincent P. , Dziadkowiec Oliwier , Stahel Philip F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background:
The early surge of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced a significant clinical challenge due to the high case-fatality rate in absence of evidence-based treatment recommendations. The empirical modalities were relegated to historical expertise from the traditional management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in conjunction with off-label pharmaceutical agents endorsed under the “emergency use authorization” paradigm by regulatory agencies. This study was designed to evaluate the insights from the “fail-and-learn” strategy in 2020 before the availability of COVID-19 vaccines and access to reliable insights from high-quality randomized controlled trials.
Methods:
A retrospective, multicenter, propensity-matched, case-control study was performed on a data registry comprising 186 hospitals from a national health care system in the United States, designed to investigate the efficacy of empirical treatment modalities during the early surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Reflective of the time-windows of the initial two surges of the pandemic in 2020, patients were stratified into “early” (March 1–June 30) versus “late” (July 1–December 31) study cohorts. Logistic regression was applied to determine the efficacy of prevalent medications (remdesivir, azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, tocilizumab) and supplemental oxygen delivery modalities (invasive vs. non-invasive ventilation) on patient outcomes. The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Group comparisons were adjusted for covariates related to age, gender, ethnicity, body weight, comorbidities, and treatment modalities pertinent to organ failure replacement.
Results:
From a total of 87,788 patients in the multicenter data registry screened in this study, 9,638 patients were included who received 19,763 COVID-19 medications during the first two waves of the 2020 pandemic.The results showed inconclusive variable results pertinent to the impact of empirical medications on patient outcomes. In contrast, the necessity for oxygen supply showed significantly increased odds of mortality beyond the effect of the investigational medications. Of all the covariates associated with increased mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation had the highest odds ratios of 8.34 in the first surge and 9.46 in in the second surge of the pandemic (P<0.01).
Conclusion:
This retrospective multicenter observational cohort study on 9,638 hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 during revealed that the necessity for invasive ventilation had the highest odds of mortality, beyond the variable effects observed by administration of the prevalent EUA-approved investigational drugs during the first two surges of the early 2020 pandemic in the United States.
Vaginal temperature and collar activity variations in relation to fecal progestagens of captive moose
Authors: Høy-Petersen Jennifer , Lemière Lucie , Thompson Dan P. , Thiel Alexandra , Crouse John A. , Ropstad Erik , Græsli Anne Randi , Arnemo Jon M. , Evans Alina L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background

Timing of reproductive events can be crucial for a species’ population growth and stability. Accurate detection of reproductive phenology presents a challenge to scientists studying wild species, including moose (Alces alces). Currently, there are several established methods for monitoring reproductive activity and events in domestic ruminants, including the use of biologging devices. The main objective of this study was to determine whether female moose display a distinct thermal and activity pattern associated with luteal activity during the estrous cycle, which could be used to determine the onset of their breeding season. We deployed biologging devices and collected fecal samples from 12 captive female moose on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, USA to explore variation in vaginal temperature and collar activity and the relationship between these variables and fecal progestagen concentrations. Fecal samples were collected from mid-August to mid-October and analyzed using radioimmunoassay to determine the concentration of fecal progestagens to classify luteal activity.

Results

Captive female moose displayed an identifiable thermal pattern during the onset of luteal activity from mid-September to mid-October, associated with the initial estrous cycle of their breeding season. In contrast, we did not observe a distinct pattern in activity during this period. Recurring patterns in both vaginal temperature and activity were identified between mid-October and mid-November, however, which were likely associated with subsequent estrous cycles but not included in our fecal sampling period.

Conclusions

This study supports that female moose display an identifiable pattern in vaginal temperature which is associated with luteal activity of the initial estrous cycle of the breeding season. A clear, identifiable pattern was observed for both vaginal temperature and activity registrations at the presumed timing of subsequent estrous cycle of the breeding season.