bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Major Development Trends in Air Transport and European Co-operation
Authors: Ziegler H. 
Published: March 2023

An important growth of air traffic is recorded, as compared with other forms of traffic. Fig. 1 is an example of the domestic-intercity passenger travel market in the USA and is characteristic; showing (millions of passenger miles)stagnation for waterways;stagnation for autocars—buses;decreasing for railroads;expansion for airlines: annual growth rate of 10% over the past fifteen years, and acceleration since 1962: mean annual growth rate 18%.It is also important to mention the expansion in freight, which is about 20% a year, i.e. doubled every four years.
Three-Dimensional Vibrations of a Ring on an Elastic Foundation
Authors: Rao S. S. 
Published: March 2023

The problem of vibrations of a circular ring on an elastic foundation finds application in the study of vibrations of gears mounted on elastic shafts and launching vehicles having a ring-stiffened shell structure.The inplane flexural vibrations of a circular ring were investigated by many authors in connection with the study of vibrations of gears and frames of electrical machines. The transverse vibrations of a thin ring of circular cross-section were first investigated in 1890 by Michell. There appears to be less amount of work in the literature which deals with the effects of rotatory inertia and shearing deformation on the transverse vibrations of rings. In the present investigation, flexural vibrations of a circular ring on an elastic foundation involving both displacements at right angles to the plane of the ring and twist are studied. The foundation is considered to provide restraints against the transverse and torsional motions of the cross-section of the ring linearly.
Aircraft Noise in the Airport Environment
Authors: Green O. I. 
Published: March 2023

The problem of aircraft noise has been touched on by a number of today's speakers, but I wonder how much it is appreciated that probably the biggest single interface problem before the aviation industry today is that of environmental pollution.The dilemma which every Minister responsible for civil aviation has to face is how to strike a right balance between, on the one hand, economic and operational considerations and, on the other, the protection of the public from excessive noise. Successive Ministers have indicated very clearly to the Department that they favoured paying a substantial price, if required, for the preservation of amenity.
Joint Venture and International Collaboration
Authors: Evans L. G. 
Published: March 2023

The three preceding papers in this Symposium deal with the means of achieving and controlling cost effectiveness in GW projects. Given the availability of the means, there is still more which can be done to improve cost effectiveness; the contractual environment should encourage the use of these means.It is, I think, generally accepted that cost plus contracts applied to development work can be non-conducive to cost effectiveness.In an effort to provide a more satisfactory contractual environment, the Ministry of Aviation Supply flirted briefly with fixed price contracts, but these have now given way fairly generally to incentive contracts and latterly to contracts which move steadily from cost plus to incentive as the work proceeds. A parallel development has seen the study, and in some cases the actual negotiation of arrangements to spread the costs by sharing them between two or more “partners”. This has the two-fold objective of reducing the capital outlay for the Government and of creating pressure on those taking part to exercise sound cost control. I shall deal with three such arrangements and comment on some of their problems.
Association between time-restricted eating and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Zeng Xueke , Xie Shaoyu , Jiang Fei , Li Xiude , Li Meiling , Zhang Tengfei , Zhang Yaozong , Rao Songxian , Mo Yufeng , Zhang Honghua , Ye Shu , Liu Mengfei , Li Haowei , Zhu Yu , Huang Yong , Wang Danni , Yang Wanshui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe association between time-restricted eating (TRE) and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is less studied. Moreover, whether the association is independent of physical exercise or diet quality or quantity is uncertain. In this nationwide cross-sectional study of 3813 participants, the timing of food intakes was recorded by 24-h recalls; NAFLD was defined through vibration-controlled transient elastography in the absence of other causes of chronic liver disease. OR and 95 % CI were estimated using logistic regression. Participants with daily eating window of ≤ 8 h had lower odds of NAFLD (OR = 0·70, 95 % CI: 0·52, 0·93), compared with those with ≥ 10 h window. Early (05.00–15.00) and late TRE (11.00–21.00) showed inverse associations with NAFLD prevalence without statistical heterogeneity (Pheterogeneity= 0·649) with OR of 0·73 (95 % CI: 0·36, 1·47) and 0·61 (95 % CI: 0·44, 0·84), respectively. Such inverse association seemed stronger in participants with lower energy intake (OR = 0·58, 95 % CI: 0·38, 0·89,Pinteraction= 0·020). There are no statistical differences in the TRE-NAFLD associations according to physical activity (Pinteraction= 0·390) or diet quality (Pinteraction= 0·110). TRE might be associated with lower likelihood of NAFLD. Such inverse association is independent of physical activity and diet quality and appears stronger in individuals consuming lower energy. Given the potential misclassification of TRE based on one- or two-day recall in the analysis, epidemiological studies with validated methods for measuring the habitual timing of dietary intake are warranted.
OVID'S FASTI IN EXILE
Authors: Franklinos T.E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article takes as its starting point the frequency with which Ovid refers to his earlier works in his Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto. Alongside his treatment of the Metamorphoses in the exile poetry, it is suggested that Ovid refers, on a number of occasions, to his Fasti and the progress he is making on it. He does so by using the incipit of his calendar poem, Tempora; this term is sometimes combined with signa (‘stars’), which are also mentioned in the opening couplet of the Fasti. It is proposed that Ovid's attitude toward his Fasti changes over the course of his exile, during which time he is, at various junctures, editing his calendar, and that some of these changes are discernible in the exile poetry; they result in part from his entertaining the possibility of using his Fasti as leverage in securing a mitigation of his punishment. Poems discussed in detail are Tristia 1.1, 1.7, 2.547–52, 5.3; Epistulae ex Ponto 2.1, 4.8.
Comparison of aerosol generation between electrocautery and cold dissection tonsillectomy
Authors: Sanmark E , Rantanen N , Oksanen L-M , Tuhkuri Matvejeff A , Möller R , Geneid A 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 can spread through aerosols produced by surgical procedures, but knowledge of the extent of aerosol production and the risk posed by many common procedures does not exist. This study analysed aerosol generation during tonsillectomy and how it differs between distinct surgical techniques and instruments. The results can be used in risk assessment during current and future pandemics and epidemics.MethodAn optical particle sizer was used to measure particle concentrations generated during tonsillectomy from the perspectives of the surgeon and other staff. Coughing is commonly used as a reference for high-risk aerosol generation; therefore, coughing and the operating theatre's background concentration were chosen as reference values. Different instruments were also compared to find the safest way to perform the tonsillectomy from the perspective of airborne transmission.ResultsEighteen tonsillectomies were evaluated; all techniques mostly generated less than 1 μm particles. For the surgeon, bipolar electrocautery significantly exceeded the particle generation of coughing in both total and less than 1 μm particles and was found to produce significantly higher total and less than 1 μm aerosol concentrations than cold dissection and BiZact. No technique exposed other staff to a greater aerosol concentration than is generated by a cough.ConclusionBipolar electrocautery generated high aerosol concentrations during tonsillectomy; cold dissection generated significantly less. The results support cold dissection as the primary tonsillectomy technique, particularly during the epidemics of airborne diseases.
Would integration with religious studies improve analytic theology?
Authors: Dole Andrew C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWilliam Wood argues that analytic theology can be included as a part of the academic study of religion. He describes two types of benefits to this inclusion: benefits accruing to the study of religion on the one hand, and benefits accruing to analytic theology on the other. I find the first type of benefit that he describes to be real, but think that within the overall compass of the interests of the academic study of religion in Christian traditions it is quite small in scope, even in a context in which doctrines are a topic of particular interest. The second type of benefit, that accruing to analytic theology, is more of a puzzle. On the one hand, I find that one species of benefit that Wood describes with some clarity is unpromising, as it seems to amount to an opportunity for yet more defensive apologetics. But on the other hand, some of what Wood says is compatible with the idea that analytic theology stands to be improved in ways that are not yet clear by engagement with the academic study of religion. I conclude with a critical glance at Wood's attempt to defend analytic theology as a method of inquiry from the charge of historical shallowness.
Donald Macleod: Free Church liberation theologian?
Authors: Nicholson Hunter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDonald Macleod (1940–) has been called one of the two most important Scottish Reformed theologians of the twentieth century. This article shows that by the 1990s Macleod in his public theology consistently used language and concepts which were also trademarks of Latin American liberation theology. By comparing his work to the three mediations of liberation theology, I show it is possible to speak of Macleod as exhibiting a distinctive Scottish Reformed theology of liberation. I propose this connection should be understood through Macleod's constructive engagement with his own Scottish (and specifically Highland) Reformed tradition, whose interest in liberation carries surprising parallels with Latin American liberation theology.
Landscape heterogeneity: concepts, quantification, challenges and future perspectives
Authors: Tonetti Vinicius , Pena João Carlos , Scarpelli Marina DA , Sugai Larissa SM , Barros Fábio M , Anunciação Paula R , Santos Paloma M , Tavares André LB , Ribeiro Milton C 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe intrinsic complexity, variety of concepts and numerous ways to quantify landscape heterogeneity (LH) may hamper a better understanding of how its components relate to ecological phenomena. Our study is the first to synthesize understanding of this concept and to provide the state of the art on the subject based on a comprehensive systematic literature review of 661 articles published between 1982 and 2019. Definitions, terminologies and measurements of LH were diverse and conflicting. Most articles (534 out of 661) did not provide any definition for LH, and we found great variation among the studies that did. According to our review, only 10 studies measured the effects of different land-cover types on biotic or abiotic processes (functional LH). The remaining 651 studies measured physical attributes of the landscape without mentioning that different land-cover types may impact biotic and abiotic processes differently (structural LH). The metrics most frequently used to represent LH were the Shannon diversity index and proportion of land-cover type. Most metrics used as proxies of LH also coincided with those used to represent non-heterogeneity metrics, such as fragmentation and connectivity. We identify knowledge gaps, indicate future perspectives and propose guidelines that should be addressed when researching LH.
How science communications can help build societal perceptions of invasive alien species and their impacts on the environment
Authors: Banerjee Achyut Kumar , Huang Yelin 
Published: March 2023

SummaryWhile scientific research highlights the threats of invasive alien species (IAS) to the environment and human livelihoods, another voice is rising that recognizes their beneficial impacts. With evidence increasing of the contrasting impacts of some IAS, the lack of communication between science and society makes decision-making processes more complex. Here, we consider the beneficial aspects of invasive alien plant species and take examples from other life forms to argue that, over time and space, the detrimental impacts of IAS might endanger sustainable livelihoods by increasing invasion debt manyfold. We therefore suggest that future studies reporting the positive impacts of IAS and those encouraging the management of IAS through their utilization should include value judgements that acknowledge the potential risks involved in the practice and the scale and context specificity of such studies. Studies highlighting the negative impacts of IAS should also recognize the context dependency of their findings and emphasize the benefits to be gained from the management of the IAS. We provide a more complete picture of IAS impacts that could help to inform management decisions in the face of different potential choices and the possible impacts of these choices on sustainable livelihoods in the long term.
Habitat selection and population status of breeding Wood Snipe Gallinago nemoricola in an alpine meadow in Sichuan, China
Authors: Ren Xiaotong , Zhang Shen , Huang Ke , Peng He-Bo , Li Changlin , Zhao Ding , Pang Dehong , Wu Yong , Liu Peng , Chen Peng , Hou Rong , Fuller Richard A. , Hua Fangyuan , Que Pinjia 
Published: March 2023

Summary
The Wood Snipe Gallinago nemoricola is one of the least known shorebird species, and its habitat associations are very poorly understood. Here we provide the first assessment of the habitat use of the Wood Snipe during the breeding season. Between May and July 2021 at a 4-km2 alpine meadow in Sichuan province, China, we conducted population surveys and behavioural observations to identify sites where breeding Wood Snipe occurred and foraged. We quantified the habitat characteristics and food resource availability of these sites and compared them with randomly selected “background” sites. Comparison between 34 occurrence sites and 25 background sites indicated that during the breeding season, Wood Snipes are not distributed evenly across alpine meadow habitats, but preferred habitats in the lower part (3,378–3,624 m) of the alpine meadow with intermediate levels of soil moisture. In addition, comparison between 17 foraging sites and 24 background sites showed that the Wood Snipe tended to forage at sites with higher soil fauna abundance. We found weak evidence for denser vegetation cover at its height and no evidence for other biotic habitat variables such as vegetation composition or other abiotic habitat variables such as slope, soil penetrability, or disturbance level to influence Wood Snipe habitat associations. Our results suggest that the actual distribution range of the Wood Snipe during the breeding season may be smaller than expected from the extent of apparently suitable habitat. We advise caution in evaluating the potential habitat availability and distribution of the Wood Snipe, and call for further research to better understand the ecology of this rare species to inform its conservation.
Importance of achieving rapid treatment response in major depressive disorder
Authors: Alva Gustavo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading contributor to disability worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Current pharmacologic treatment options may be ineffective for some patients and can pose several limitations and challenges, including suboptimal response and slow onset of action. Many of these therapies can take 6 to 8 weeks for patients to achieve response and 12 weeks or longer to demonstrate full clinical benefit. Delays in depressive symptom resolution are associated with poor symptomatic and functional outcomes, decreased quality of life, and increased burden on the healthcare system. Achieving response and remission of symptoms soon after diagnosis and treatment is associated with lower rates of relapse and a greater likelihood of functional recovery. An unmet need exists for innovative treatments that offer rapid and sustained effects. This editorial discusses the benefits of rapid improvement in depressive symptoms with available and investigational agents for patients with MDD.
Implementation of a brief online skills group of dialectical behaviour therapy for emotional dysregulation in Latinx: a withdrawal experimental single-case design
Authors: Muñoz-Martínez Amanda M. , Gómez Yvonne , Naismith Iona , González-Rodríguez Daniela 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground:Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) skills groups have shown promise as an effective treatment for clients with emotional dysregulation, especially when combined with individual DBT. However, their efficacy is not well established as an online therapy, or in the Latinx population.Aims:This study aimed to explore satisfaction, retention and effects of an internet-based DBT group added to individual online sessions.Method:An ABAB withdrawal experimental single-case design was conducted to evaluate the effect of a brief online DBT skills group on emotional dysregulation, anxiety and depression for five Latinx participants. DBT skills group (phase B) were compared with placebo group sessions (phase A) and fortnightly individual DBT sessions were offered throughout to manage risk.Results:Visual inspection showed a decrease in level of emotional dysregulation and a large effect size according to the Nonoverlap of All Pairs when comparing group DBT and placebo phases. Although depression symptoms decreased after introducing group DBT, anxiety indicators decreased most during the second round of group placebo sessions.Discussion:Whilst only a pilot, this study suggests that online group DBT in Latinx populations is feasible and effective for changing emotional regulation processes but may not effectively target anxiety. Future research might increase the number of DBT sessions in order to enhance learning opportunities and generalization. Replication with larger sample sizes and diverse modalities is needed.
Performance Evaluation and Improvement of CMFD's Precipitation Products Over Shanghai City, China
Authors: Lei Nuo , Zhou Zhengzheng , Zhuang Qi , Chen Wenling , Chalov Sergey , Liu Shuguang , Gao Lisha , Dong Guangtao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrecipitation products with high resolution for urban areas remain an important and challenging issue. The main purposes of this study are to evaluate the accuracy of the China Meteorological Forcing Data Set (CMFD) in the Shanghai megacity and to improve the accuracy of the CMFD precipitation. With the rain gauge observations for the 2013–2018 period, we evaluate the error and detection ability of CMFD at the sub‐daily, daily, and monthly scales, and examine the spatial variation of CMFD performance over the region. The Geographic Differential Analysis (GDA) method is used to calibrate the CMFD precipitation data set. The results show that the performance of CMFD precipitation varies from sub‐daily to monthly time scales with better accuracy at the monthly scale in the study region. The CMFD can capture the spatial variability over the region with less error in the north and outliers in the center. The GDA‐based calibration framework can significantly improve the capability of CMFD products, especially at the sub‐daily and daily scales. The calibrated CMFD can provide reliable precipitation estimates and capture more extreme precipitation events. The improved CMFD products can provide a key basis for applications related to hydrological and meteorological hazard monitoring and assessment in the Shanghai area. The overall framework is scalable and could be readily generalized to other regions, and the calibrated product can be used in the research of urban natural disaster risks and other studies.
Observational Evidence of Nonlinear Wave‐Wave Interaction Over Antarctic MLT Region
Authors: Lee Jaewook , Kwak Young‐Sil , Eswaraiah Sunkara , Kam Hosik , Kim Yong Ha , Lee Changsup , Kim Jeong‐Han 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing meteor radar observations over King Sejong Station (62.22°S, 58.78°W) in the Antarctic Peninsula, we investigated the wave‐wave interaction in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. We analyzed hourly horizontal wind measurements at altitudes of 84–96 km from March 2016 through February 2017 and found that the MLT region is dominated by a semidiurnal tide (SDT) and the signature of planetary waves (PWs) with a period of ∼8–27 days. The PW activity was substantially intensified during the winter. The day‐to‐day variability of SDT amplitudes are estimated and the higher‐order spectral analysis of SDT amplitudes exhibits intermittent modulation of SDT at PW periods ∼8 and 27 days in the zonal winds and periods of 8 and 16 days in the meridional winds. We observed an intense episode of tidal modulation from June through September 2016, during which a set of subsidiary spectral components around the SDT were found as a result of wave‐wave interaction. Further, the bi‐spectral analysis reveals that quadratic coupling (nonlinear interaction) occurred between SDT and PWs at a band period of 8–27 days, at above 90 km. We compared the spectral powers between the secondary waves created by the nonlinear interaction between the SDT and 16‐day PWs. Further, we found that sum‐secondary waves generated by the nonlinear interaction are stronger than the difference‐secondary waves during austral winter 2016. We thus conclude that the non‐linear interaction between the tides and PWs may play a major role in the short‐term tidal variability in the MLT region during austral winter 2016.