bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and quality of Hami melon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus) and pest population of Thrips palmi in UV‐blocking film greenhouses
Authors: Wang Likui , Chen Jianwen , Zhao Chenyang , Jin Haifeng , Li Fen , Wu Shaoying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDUltraviolet (UV) interferes with the vision, flight initiation, dispersal, host, and population dispersion of herbivorous insects. Hence, UV‐blocking film has recently been developed as one of the most potential tools to control pests under tropical greenhouse conditions. In this study, we investigated the effects of UV‐blocking film on the population dynamics of Thrips palmi Karny and the growth status of Hami melon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus) in greenhouses.RESULTSBy comparing thrips populations in greenhouses covered with UV‐blocking films with those covered with ordinary polyethylene films, we found that the UV‐blocking film effectively reduced the thrips population within 1 week and continued to control the population, meanwhile the quality and yield of melon in UV‐blocking greenhouses also had a substantial increase.CONCLUSIONThe UV‐blocking film remarkably inhibited the population growth of thrips and greatly improved the yield of Hami melon cultivated in UV‐blocking greenhouse compared with the control greenhouse. Overall, UV‐blocking film is a very powerful potential tool for green pest control in the field, enhancing the quality of tropical fruits, and providing a new wind vane for sustainable green agriculture in the future. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Integrated genome‐wide association study and QTL mapping reveals qSa‐3A associated with English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) resistance in wheat
Authors: Zhao Yue , Yan Xuefang , Zeng Zhankui , Zhao Dehui , Chen Peng , Wang Yuying , Chen Feng , Wang Chunping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), is a devastating pest impacts yield and quality in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Breeding resistant wheat varieties and detecting resistance genes are important strategies to control aphid.RESULTSIn this study, we evaluated the number of aphids per spike, the rate of thousand kernel weight decrease and aphid index based on three classic resistance mechanisms (antibiosis, tolerance and antixenosis), and detected SNPs/QTLs for resistance to S. avenae in a natural population of 163 varieties with 20 689 high‐quality single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 164 lines with 3627 diversity arrays technology (DArT) markers. Results showed that 83 loci significantly associated with S. avenae antibiosis and 182 loci significantly associated with S. avenae tolerance were detected by genome‐wide association study (GWAS), explaining 6.47–15.82% and 8.36–35.61% of the phenotypic variances, respectively. The wsnp_Ku_c4568_8243646 detected in two periods was localized at 34.52 Mb on chromosome 3AS. Then, we confirmed a stable QSa.haust‐3A.2 explained 11.19–20.10% of the phenotypic variances in two periods with S. avenae antixenosis in the physical interval of 37.49–37.50 Mb on chromosome 3A in the RIL population. Therefore, a narrow region in the physical interval of 34.52–37.50 Mb on chromosome 3AS was named as qSa‐3A, which was a new locus between wsnp_Ku_c4568_8243646 and QSa.haust‐3A.2 associated with S. avenae resistance.CONCLUSIONWe found qSa‐3A was a new locus associated with S. avenae resistance. The results could be applied in gene cloning and genetic improvement of S. avenae resistance in wheat. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Design, synthesis, insecticidal activities and translocation of amino acid–tralopyril conjugates as vectorizing agrochemicals
Authors: Yao Guangkai , Han Shuo , Wen Yingjie , Xiao Yuyan , Zhao Chen , Xu Hanhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundConjugating amino acid moieties to active ingredients has been recognized as an effective method for improving the precise targeting of the active form to the specific site. Based on the vectorization strategy, a series of amino acid–tralopyril conjugates were designed and synthesized as novel proinsecticide candidates, with the potential capability of root uptake and translocation to the foliage of crops.ResultsBioassay results showed excellent insecticidal activities of some conjugates, in particular, the conjugates 6b, 6e, and 7e, against the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), with equivalent insecticidal activity to chlorfenapyr (CFP). Importantly, conjugate 6e exhibited significantly higher in vivo insecticidal activity against P. xylostella than CFP. Furthermore, the systemic test experiments with Brassica chinensis demonstrated that conjugates 6e and 7e could be transported to the leaves, in contrast to CFP, which remained in the root.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of amino acid fragment conjugation as a vectorization strategy for transporting non‐systemic insecticides into the leaves of B. chinensis while maintaining in vivo insecticidal activity. The findings also provide insights for subsequent mechanism studies on the uptake and transport of amino acid–insecticide conjugates in plants. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Muscle strength is reduced in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Pepplinkhuizen Shari , Eshuis Graziella , Zijlstra Willemijn M. H. , Timmer Carola Y. , Ploegstra Mark Jan , Lelieveld Otto T. H. M. , Hepping Ann Marjolein , Beenakker Ernesto A. C. , Berger Rolf M. F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMuscle strength is decreased in adults with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We aim to investigate muscle strength in children with PAH in relation to a cohort of healthy children, and investigate correlations with disease severity markers. This prospective study included children with PAH aged 4−18 years, who visited the Dutch National Referral Center for Pulmonary Hypertension in Childhood between October 2015 and March 2016. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip strength and maximum voluntary isometric contractility (MVIC) of four peripheral muscles. Dynamic muscle function was evaluated with the Bruininks−Oseretsky test of motor proficiency (BOT‐2). These measurements were compared with those in two cohorts of healthy children and correlated with 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD), World Health Organization functional class (WHO‐FC), N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), and time since diagnosis. Eighteen children with PAH aged 14.0 [interquartile range: 9.9−16.0] years showed reduced muscle strength. Handgrip strength z‐score −2.4 ± 1.2, p < 0.001, total MVIC z‐score −2.9 ± 1.2, p < 0.001, and BOT‐2 z‐score −1.0 ± 0.9, p < 0.001. 6MWD (67 ± 11% predicted) correlated with most muscle measurements (r = 0.49−0.71, p = 0.001). Dynamic muscle function (BOT‐2) differed between WHO‐FC, whereas handgrip strength and MVIC did not. NT‐proBNP and time since diagnosis did not show significant correlations with muscle strength measurements. Muscle strength was significantly reduced in children with PAH and correlated with 6MWD, but not with disease severity markers WHO‐FC and NT‐pro‐BNP. The nature of this reduced muscle strength is yet unclear, but its occurrence in children with seemingly mild or well‐controlled PAH supports the concept of PAH being a systemic syndrome involving peripheral skeletal muscles.
An investigation into the impact of soil particle conductivity and percolation threshold on the Hilhorst model to estimate pore water conductivity in soils
Authors: Goodchild Martin S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work has been to assess the Hilhorst model, used for estimating in‐soil pore water conductivity, against soil properties of percolation threshold and soil particle conductivity. The Hilhorst model has the benefit of requiring a single soil‐specific parameter which makes this model easy to apply from soil permittivity and bulk conductivity measurements. However, the Hilhorst model requires that the bulk conductivity measurement is dominated by pore water conductivity, which is not always the case in many ‘‘real‐world’’ settings. This work examines a mathematical framework derived from combining the Hilhorst and Ewing and Hunt models which allows the Hilhorst soil parameter to be derived for a range of soil particle conductivities (0 to 10 mS m−1) and percolation thresholds (0 to 0.1 m3 m−3). The analysis in this work indicates that the Hilhorst parameter is highly sensitive to both soil properties with respect to the default value of 4.1 that is often employed. This assessment indicates that: (i) soil particle conductivity can result in the Hilhorst model overestimating pore water conductivity, which becomes more significant for lower bulk conductivities, and, (ii) percolation threshold can result in the Hilhorst model underestimating pore water conductivity, which becomes more significant for lower soil moisture contents. The results from this analysis suggest that the application of the Hilhorst model should be considered against the context of soil particle conductivity and percolation threshold for a given soil under test.
A creative place‐making framework – Story‐creation for a sustainable development
Authors: Tan Siow‐Kian , Tan Siow‐Hooi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSustainable development is the ultimate goal for policy‐makers and place‐makers to develop a place. Nevertheless, although many approaches, such as exogenous, endogenous, neo‐endogenous, creative cities, and creative place‐making, have been studied, realizing a place‐based approach requires further research. This study addresses the gaps in these approaches by exploring how a place might be made from a local's perspective. A grounded theory approach was employed to understand the phenomena, and theoretical sampling was applied. Data were collected through interviews, online sharing sessions, and secondary sources. A total of 71 documents were collected and analyzed. Hundreds of open codes were refined to 52 concepts, which later were categorized under 20 sub‐dimensions. Next, these sub‐dimensions were grouped under eight dimensions and later integrated into three themes – “a creation of stories, a rise of wellbeing, and a sustainable goal”. Lastly, these themes construct a framework for creative place‐making. This framework addresses the lacunas of previous studies by illustrating a creative place‐making process with the creation of stories, the generations of sense of place and wellbeing, and lastly, addressing the local's problems; this process helps to create a place branding which will motivate more locals to create the stories of their place.
Rule ensemble method with adaptive group lasso for heterogeneous treatment effect estimation
Authors: Wan Ke , Tanioka Kensuke , Shimokawa Toshio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe increasing scientific attention given to precision medicine based on real‐world data has led to many recent studies clarifying the relationships between treatment effects and patient characteristics. However, this is challenging because of ubiquitous heterogeneity in the treatment effect for individuals and the real‐world data on their backgrounds being complex and noisy. Because of their flexibility, various machine learning (ML) methods have been proposed for estimating heterogeneous treatment effect (HTE). However, most ML methods incorporate black‐box models that hamper direct interpretation of the relationships between an individual's characteristics and treatment effects. This study proposes an ML method for estimating HTE based on the rule ensemble method RuleFit. The main advantages of RuleFit are interpretability and accuracy. However, HTEs are always defined in the potential outcome framework, and RuleFit cannot be applied directly. Thus, we modified RuleFit and proposed a method to estimate HTEs that directly interpret the relationships among the individuals' features from the model. Actual data from an HIV study, the ACTG 175 dataset, was used to illustrate the interpretation based on the ensemble of rules created by the proposed method. The numerical results confirm that the proposed method has high prediction accuracy compared to previous methods, indicating that the proposed method establishes an interpretable model with sufficient prediction accuracy.
Insights to Carrier‐Phonon Interactions in Lead Halide Perovskites via Multi‐Pulse Manipulation
Authors: Feng Minjun , Ye Senyun , Lim Jia Wei Melvin , Guo Yuanyuan , Cai Rui , Zhang Qiannan , He Huajun , Sum Tze Chien 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA fundamental understanding of the hot‐carrier dynamics in halide perovskites is crucial for unlocking their prospects for next generation photovoltaics. Presently, a coherent picture of the hot carrier cooling process remains patchy due to temporally overlapping contributions from many‐body interactions, multi‐bands, band gap renormalization, Burstein–Moss shift etc. Pump‐push‐probe (PPP) spectroscopy recently emerges as a powerful tool complementing the ubiquitous pump‐probe (PP) spectroscopy in the study of hot‐carrier dynamics. However, limited information from PPP on the initial excitation density and carrier temperature curtails its full potential. Herein, this work bridges this gap in PPP with a unified model that retrieves these essential hot carrier metrics like initial carrier density and carrier temperature under the push conditions, thus permitting direct comparison with traditional PP spectroscopy. These results are well‐fitted by the phonon bottleneck model, from which the longitudinal optical phonon scattering time τLO, for MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 halide perovskite thin film samples are determined to be 240 ± 10 and 370 ± 10 fs, respectively.
Spinal epidural empyema in a colobus monkey
Authors: Cehrs Emily , Beltran Elsa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA 10‐year‐old, male colobus monkey presented with a kyphotic appearance. Lumbar spinal pain was suspected, and the colobus was started on a course of meloxicam. With no improvement noted, it was sedated for examination. Haematology revealed a neutrophilia. An empirical course of clavulanate potentiated amoxicillin was started. With no improvements seen after a 10‐day course, clinical examination was repeated. Abdominal ultrasound and abdominal radiographs revealed an abdominal effusion near the lumbar vertebrae, and haematology revealed a neutrophilia with toxic neutrophils. An enrofloxacin course was started. Three days later, the colobus presented with acute paraplegia with neurolocalisation to the T3–L3 spinal cord segments. A magnetic resonance imaging of the vertebral column was performed. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal osteolytic vertebral body lesions, compression fractures of multiple vertebral bodies and ventral spinal cord compression. Differential diagnosis included infectious osteomyelitis with spinal epidural empyema or less likely, neoplasia. Due to the poor prognosis, euthanasia was elected.
Mitigation of transient torque reversals in indirect drive wind turbine drivetrains
Authors: Sarkar Saptarshi , Johansson Håkan , Berbyuk Viktor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBearing failure in wind turbine gearboxes is one of the significant sources of downtime. While it is well‐known that bearing failures cause the largest downtime, the failure cause(s) is often elusive. The bearings are designed to satisfy their rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life. However, they often undergo sudden and rapid failure within a few years of operation. It is well‐known that these premature failures are attributed to surface damages such as white surface flaking (WSF), white etching cracks (WECs) and axial cracks. In that regard, transient torque reversals (TTRs) in the drivetrain have emerged as one of the primary triggers of surface damage, as explained in this paper. The risk associated with TTRs motivates the need to mitigate TTRs arising in the drivetrain due to various transient events. This paper investigates three TTR mitigation methods. First, two existing devices, namely, the torsional tuned mass damper and the asymmetric torque limiter, are studied to demonstrate their TTR mitigation capabilities. Then, a novel idea of open‐loop high‐speed shaft mechanical brake control is proposed. The results presented here show that while the torsional tuned mass damper and the asymmetric torque limiter can improve the torsional vibration characteristics of the drivetrain, they cannot mitigate TTRs in terms of eliminating the bearing slip risk associated with TTRs. However, the novel approach proposed here can mitigate TTRs both in terms of improving the torque characteristic in the high‐speed shaft and reducing the risk of bearing slip by actuating the high‐speed shaft brake at the onset of the transient event. Furthermore, the control method is capable of mitigating TTRs with the mechanical limitations of a pneumatic actuator in terms of bandwidth and initial dead time applied to it. This novel approach allows the wind turbines to protect the gearbox bearings from TTRs using the existing hardware on the turbine.
A beam contact benchmark with analytic solution
Authors: Bosten Armin , Denoël Vincent , Cosimo Alejandro , Linn Joachim , Brüls Olivier 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a test case to help validate simulation codes for contact problems involving beams. A closed form solution is derived and the comparison is made with a finite element (FE) implementation that uses the mortar method for enforcing the contact constraints. The test case consists of a semi‐infinite cantilever beam subjected to a constant distributed load and experiencing frictionless contact with a straight rigid substrate. Both an Euler‐Bernoulli and a Timoshenko beam model are considered and the influence of the differing kinematic hypotheses is analyzed. In the case of the Euler‐Bernoulli beam the distributed contact force is equal to the load along the contact region except at the boundary where a point load appears. On the contrary, the rigid substrate exerts a fully distributed load on the Timoshenko beam which decays exponentially from the first contact point and tends towards the applied load. The rate of decay depends on the relative shear deformability. Moreover, whereas in the first case the transverse shear force is discontinuous, it becomes continuous when allowing for shear deformation. An example of benchmarking is given for a particular FE code. The error with respect to the exact solution can be computed and it is shown that the numerical solution converges to the analytic solution when the FE mesh is refined.
DOML: A New Modelling Approach to Infrastructure-as-Code
Authors: Chiari Michele , Xiang Bin , Nedeltcheva Galia Novakova , Di Nitto Elisabetta , Blasi Lorenzo , Benedetto Debora , Niculut Laurentiu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOne of the main DevOps practices is the automation of resource provisioning and deployment of complex software. This automation is enabled by the explicit definition of Infrastructure-as-Code (IaC), i.e., a set of scripts, often written in different modelling languages, which defines the infrastructure and applications to be deployed.We introduce the DevOps Modelling Language (DOML), a new Cloud modelling language for infrastructure deployments. DOML is a modelling approach that can be mapped into multiple IaC languages, addressing infrastructure provisioning, application deployment and configuration at once. The idea behind DOML is to use a single modelling paradigm which can help to reduce the need of deep technical expertise in using different specialised IaC languages.We present the DOML’s principles and discuss the related work on IaC languages. We demonstrate the DOML advantages for the end-user in comparison with state-of-the-art IaC languages such as Ansible, Terraform, and Cloudify, and show its effectiveness through an example.
Design and Evaluation of a User Interface Concept for Prescriptive Process Monitoring
Authors: Kubrak Kateryna , Milani Fredrik , Nolte Alexander , Dumas Marlon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrescriptive process monitoring methods recommend interventions during the execution of a process to maximize its success rate. Current research in this field focuses on algorithms to learn intervention policies that maximize the expected payoff of the interventions under certain statistical assumptions. In contrast, there has been limited attention on how to aid process stakeholders in understanding the outputs of these algorithms. In this research, we set to develop an interface to provide end users with relevant information to guide the decision on where and when to trigger interventions in a process. We draw upon an analysis of existing solutions and a review of the literature to elicit information items for a user interface for prescriptive process monitoring. Thereon, we develop a user interface concept and evaluate it with experts. The evaluation confirms the informational needs covered by the user interface concept. In addition, the evaluation shows that different end-user groups (operational users, tactical managers, and process analysts) can benefit from the information items included in the interface.
Übungen im Formkalkül
Authors: Baecker Dirk 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der Formkalkül von George Spencer-Brown (1969, dt. 1997) erlaubt es, Bezeichnungen in Abhängigkeit von Kontexten anzuschreiben. Der Beitrag erläutert die Methode und erprobt den Formkalkül an der digitalen Laufkarte bei MultiProfil und dem Einsatz von MS Teams bei XENON.
Schnitt.stelle: Podcast zwischen Wissen und Nichtwissen
Authors: Landzettel Jakob 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag dokumentiert Erfahrungen, die im KILPaD-Projekt mit einem das Projekt begleitenden Podcast gemacht wurden. Die zentrale Fragestellung lautet, ob sich Podcasts zu externen und internen Wissenschaftskommunikation eignen. Wie sich herausstellt, hat der Podcast vor allem während der Pandemie überraschenderweise die wichtige Aufgabe übernommen, ausführlicher als es in Videokonferenzen möglich beziehungsweise üblich ist, über die Fragestellungen, Perspektiven und Erfahrungen aller Beteiligten in Wissenschaft und betrieblicher Praxis zu berichten. Im Podcast kann es gelingen, Wissen und Nichtwissen gleichermaßen zum Ausdruck zu bringen.
Strukturelle Kopplung durch Daten
Authors: Baecker Dirk 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDaten sind Formen der strukturellen Kopplung zwischen Systemen und ihren Umwelten. Unter einer strukturellen Kopplung versteht man den Aufbau einer Struktur, in die sich die Wirklichkeit einer Umwelt eintragen kann, ohne die Operationen festzulegen, die im System auf diese Struktur reagieren (Luhmann 1995). Strukturelle Kopplung ist daher ein Komplementärbegriff zur Idee operational geschlossener, selbstreferentiell operierender Systeme. Um diese Funktion einer Form struktureller Kopplung erfüllen zu können, müssen Daten bestimmten Anforderungen genügen. Sie müssen eine eigene Komplexität aufweisen, die es ausschließt, sie linear im Sinne einer eineindeutigen Übersetzung in Operationen zu verwenden. Erst dann können sie Eigenleistungen der mit ihnen arbeitenden Systeme anregen. Erst dann sind sie keine bloßen Signale, die kausal entweder wirken oder nicht wirken, sondern Kommunikation beziehungsweise, um in der Sprache der Semiotik zu bleiben: Zeichen, die interpretiert werden können und müssen, um gemäß der Eigendynamik der beteiligten Systeme wirken zu können.