bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Blood Flow Alterations in Sepsis‐Associated Encephalopathy
Authors: Zheng Yijun , Shen Meihua , Xuan Lizhen , Pan Simeng , Chen Song , Zhong Ming , Zhu Biao 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe timely recognition of sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains a challenge. This study aimed to observe the CBF changes via TCD during sepsis and explore their possible predictive value in SAE.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, septic patients were enrolled and classified according to the diagnosis of SAE into two groups: SAE group and non‐SAE group. Then SAE patients were further divided into subgroup A (the type with agitation) and subgroup B (the type with depressed consciousness) based on their clinical manifestations. The clinical profiles and TCD parameters within 24 hours of onset were compared between groups and subgroups.ResultsExactly 198 septic patients were enrolled including 65 patients in SAE group (36 male/29 female with a median age of 70) and 133 patients in non‐SAE group (75 male/58 female with a median age of 67). Significant elevated peak‐systolic velocity (VS; 107 [69–138] cm/s vs 85 [69–101] cm/s, P = .002) of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) and pulsatility index (PI; left: 0.99 [0.81–1.34] vs 0.89 [0.76–1.00], P < .001; right: 0.99 [0.77–1.21] vs 0.88 [0.78–1.03], P = .007) of bilateral MCAs were found in SAE group compared with non‐SAE group. In subgroup analysis, subgroup A (the type with agitation) showed significantly increased VS/VM/VD and lower PI/RI of bilateral MCAs compared with subgroup B (the type with depressed consciousness). The cerebral blood flow volume of subgroup A were obviously higher than subgroup B [858.7 (729.1,876.9) mL/s vs 380.9 (373.3,447.4) mL/s, P < .001].ConclusionsThis study confirmed the abnormal CBF among SAE and found different types of CBF alterations were related to different clinical features. VS and PI might help clinicians to early identify different types of SAE.
Climate and topography rather than tree species affect mite communities (Mesostigmata) in severe conditions—Studies from sandstone rocky islands of the Szczeliniec Wielki Plateau (Poland)
Authors: Kamczyc Jacek , Pers‐Kamczyc Emilia , Skorupski Maciej , Urbanowski Cezary K. , Malica Jacek , Jagodziński Andrzej M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRelationships between certain plant species and soil fauna assemblages in severe climatic conditions require scientific attention due to reported climatic changes. We investigated density, diversity, and community structure of soil mites (Mesostigmata) in tree biogroups of Betula pendula, Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris with microhabitats represented by Calluna vulgaris, Dicranum scoparium, Vaccinium myrtillus, and Vaccinium vitis‐idaea plant patches and accumulated litter in humid and cold rock crevices a few meters deep. We analyzed the effects of climatic (light availability, precipitation, temperature) and environmental (litter pH, organic matter thickness, microhabitat type) conditions on mite communities based on 1080 samples collected during two vegetation periods (2004–2005). Results revealed that litter pH was shaped by microhabitat type (plant patches and rock crevices) whereas organic matter thickness depended on tree species and microhabitat type. Also, light availability differed between tree biogroups and microhabitats. This study documented that Mesostigmata abundance was shaped by maximum daily temperature while species richness was also affected by total monthly precipitation, tree species (P. sylvestris) and microhabitat (rock crevices). Results revealed that mite density ranged from 3001 ± 213 ind./m2 in the P. abies biogroup to 3310 ± 350 ind./m2 in P. sylvestris. On the microhabitat level, mite density ranged from 2571 ± 170 ind./m2 in V. myrtillus patches to 4137 ± 463 ind./m2 in rock crevices. Total number of recorded species was highest in rock crevices (41 species), and lowest in C. vulgaris (19). In conclusion, results indicated that climatic conditions modulate mite communities on an isolated rocky island. This study documented that maximum daily temperature during the vegetation period affected Mesostigmata abundance, whereas species richness and diversity were also shaped by total monthly precipitation and tree species (P. sylvestris). In addition, the community was also affected by litter acidity, organic matter and tree species.
Assembly processes, driving factors, and shifts in soil microbial communities across secondary forest succession
Authors: Yan Guoyong , Luo Xi , Huang Binbin , Wang Honglin , Sun Xingyu , Gao Honglin , Zhou Mingxin , Xing Yajuan , Wang Qinggui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSecondary forest succession after clear‐cutting is one of the foremost ecosystem restoration strategies, while soil microbes play essential roles in the processes by modulating nutrient cycling. However, the assembly processes and driving factors of soil microbial communities across secondary forest succession remain unclear. Here, we studied the assembly processes of soil microbial communities and examined shifts in soil microbial community‐associated functional dynamics across secondary forest succession. Our results showed that the stochastic process was more important in shaping bacterial community assembly throughout the successional process [modified stochasticity ratio (MST) > 50%], while the fungal community assembly was initially governed by deterministic processes (MST < 50%), but there was a progressive increase in stochastic selection as succession proceeded. Soil organic carbon and pH were principal factors for the explanation of changes in the bacterial community structure (total explained 43% change), and tree richness and productivity were principal factors for the explanation of shifts in the fungal community structure (total explained 17% change). The relative abundance of nitrogen transformation and saprotroph functional groups increased gradually with succession, whereas ectomycorrhizal fungi significantly declined. The results suggested that microbial community succession might accelerate the soil carbon and nitrogen turnover rates. Used together, the mechanisms shaping fungal and bacterial community structure are different in secondary forest succession and highlight that those fungi and bacteria are primarily controlled by plant traits and soil properties, respectively. Variations in microbial functional groups provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying the soil microbe‐driven soil nutrient cycles during secondary forest succession.
Comparison of Ethylene Copolymerization with Norbornene and 5‐Norbornene‐2‐methanol by Using Ph2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2/MAO
Authors: Wang Wei , Qu Shuzhang , Li Xinwei , Chen Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBoth cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and functionalized polyolefins are high‐performance polyolefin materials with different outstanding properties. The introduction of functional groups into COC has the potential to yield materials that combine the advantages of both. In this work, ethylene copolymers with norbornene (NBE) or 5‐norbornene‐2‐methanol (NBMO) are synthesized by using a metallocene catalyst. The activity and the molecular weight of copolymer of the former is much higher than that of the latter. A joint deactivation‐chain transfer mechanism is proposed to interpret these observations. Chain transfer is further discussed. Through regression analysis, it is considered that the chain transfer mode of the two comonomers is the same. Three methods for the calculation of NBMO incorporation are proposed and compared, and a more suitable method is obtained, on the basis of the resonance assignment. The comparison of the copolymerization of ethylene with NBE and NBMO may indicate that NBMO has a higher coordination probability but a slower insertion rate compared to NBE.
‘It's just not the same… I am just a spectator’: A qualitative study on changes in leisure participation experienced by people with scleroderma
Authors: Poole Janet L. , Greaves Jessica , Mendelson Cyd 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe purpose of this qualitative study was to provide insight into the changes and barriers to leisure experienced by people with scleroderma.MethodTwenty‐five people with scleroderma consented to be interviewed via telephone using a semi‐structured interview. The conversations were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thorne's Interpretive Description informed the analysis process.ResultsThree themes emerged from the analysis: barriers to leisure participation (impact of Raynaud's Phenomenon symptoms, fatigue, changes in body structures and functions, unpredictability of daily symptoms and selection of leisure activities), decreases in leisure participation (less time outdoors, reduction in time spent in active leisure, more time spent in passive leisure) and experiences of losing a valued leisure activity (depressed mood, identity change, fear of loss and sense of isolation).ConclusionsThe changes in leisure participation found in this study were reported to be due to the rate of disease progression and the severity of disease symptoms, particularly, Raynaud symptoms and fatigue. Health professionals should work with people with SSc to facilitate participation in valued leisure activities.
Clinical study of complications of a peripherally inserted central catheter in cancer patients
Authors: Bonfim André Luis Victor , de Brito Germana Alves , Baptista Aline Lourenço , Andrade Luis André Silvestre , Imanishe Marina Harume , Pereira Benedito Jorge 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate complications after PICC use in cancer patients.DesignThis was a clinical and retrospective study in which the risk factors and complications of PICC use were evaluated.MethodsThis study was carried out in the patient, emergency room, and intensive care units through the evaluation of electronic medical records. To assess the association between qualitative variables, the chi‐squared test or Fisher's exact test was used, and to compare the reason for withdrawal, the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied.ResultsA total of 359 patients (53.5% men) with 43.1 ± 14 years who had a PICC (88% with solid tumours) were evaluated. The most common complications were mechanical complications (61.2%), infection (38%), and thrombosis (57.1%). Patients with double‐lumen catheters experienced thrombosis (85.7%). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of PICC and that patients with haematological cancer are more prone to multiple PICC passages and more mechanical complications and infections.
Emerging 3D printed thermal insulating materials for sustainable approach: A review and a way forward
Authors: Dhangar Manish , Chaturvedi Kamna , Mili Medha , Patel Shiv Singh , Khan Mohammed Akram , Bhargaw Hari Narayan , Srivastava Avanish Kumar , Verma Sarika 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThermal insulating materials are such materials that do not allow the movement of heat through themselves. The material must have lower thermal conductivity to work efficiently as an insulator. Conventionally glass wool, calcium silicates, concrete, and processed wood particle boards are well‐known thermal insulators used for construction purposes. The thermal conductivity of glass wool is near about ~0.02–0.04 W/mK, and calcium silicates are also around ~0.08 W/mK. In contrast to these fabrication techniques, 3D printing or additive manufacturing has emerged as the most in‐demand fabrication method. The scope of versatility in shapes, design, dimension, and finish that 3D printing yields are enormous, and their performance is significantly comparable and, in some cases, better than conventionally prepared materials. 3D printing includes various methods such as FDM, SLA, SLS, DIW, and so on. Recent literature has shown the fabrication of thermally insulating material using raw materials like silk fiber, fly ash, cement, polymer composite, metal oxides, and so on, through additive manufacturing. These materials have very low thermal conductivity, as low as 0.03–0.08 W/mK for SLA and DIW printed silivoxel, cellulose nanocrystals composites having 0.08–0.09 W/mK and 0.04 for PU and cork composites. The low thermal conductivity values indicate their possible and efficient application as thermal insulators.
3D surface–subsurface modeling of a bromide tracer test in a macroporous tile‐drained field: Improvements and limitations
Authors: Boico Vinicius F. , Therrien René , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Nogueira Guilherme , Iversen Bo V. , Petersen Rasmus J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe assessment and forecasting of nutrient loss by tile drains in agricultural areas often rely on physically based models that have adequate representations of macropores and tile drains. Macroporosity has been adequately represented in hydrological models using a dual continuum approach. However, its implementation in hydrological and solute transport models is limited to plot‐scale or to one‐ and two‐dimensional models due to the large number of parameters that are rarely available and the long computational times. The purpose of this study is to simulate a tracer test using a 3D coupled surface–subsurface model to improve the representation of the tracer concentration at the drainage discharge. A three‐dimensional HydroGeoSphere model was developed and calibrated to simulate tile drainage discharge, Br mass discharge, and hydraulic heads from a Br tracer test in a densely tile‐drained field. The conductivity of the drain was one of the most important parameters for drain discharge and solute transport simulations. The model accurately simulated drainage discharge and Br transport to tile drains. However, most of the Br peaks and the late‐time Br mass in the drain outflow were underestimated. Our simulation results indicate that explicitly representing tile drains with seepage nodes allows for a physically based, yet computationally efficient representation of Br transport behavior surrounding tile drains at field scale. However, we cannot confirm that the single‐porosity model with immobile zone is suitable for simulating the Br peaks at the drain outlet and the late‐time Br mass. Improvements to the model include the implementation of heterogeneous soil layers and the inclusion of more measured data to reduce uncertainty during calibration.
Sustainable economic development and geopolitics: The role of energy trilemma policies
Authors: Shirazi Masoud , Fuinhas José Alberto , Silva Nuno 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study reveals and supports the existence of a three‐way connection between sustainable economic development (SED), geopolitical risks (GPRI), and the energy trilemma (ET). The impacts of ET on SED, and GPRI were analyzed using a regime‐switching vector autoregressive model. Results reveal mostly a positive impact of ET on SED. Consequently, decision‐makers should design policies that promote ET to enhance economic growth and sustainability. However, decision‐makers should acknowledge that uncertainty regarding the impact of these policies on SED and the time lag until their effects are felt in economies varies widely across regimes. Geopolitical risk reveals a slightly positive short‐term reaction to ET under the slightly downward regime and a durable cyclical pattern in the sharply upward one. The cyclical impact of energy equity and security on GPRI is positive, while environmental sustainability reduces geopolitical risk. This fluctuating pattern of the response of GPRI to ET policies is compatible with prior research that shows these policies may either foster or mitigate geopolitical risk. Detailed knowledge of the differing impacts of ET‐related policies on geopolitical risk is fundamental for decision‐makers if they want the counteract some of their adverse effects and enhance geopolitical stability.
Editorial: Machine learning, software process, and global software engineering
Authors: Steinmacher Igor , Clarke Paul , Tuzun Eray , Britto Ricardo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOn June 26–28, 2020, the International Conference on Software and Systems Processes (ICSSP 2020) and the International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 2020) were held in virtual settings during the first year of the COVID pandemic. Several submissions to the joint event have been selected for inclusion in this special issue, focusing on impactful and timely contributions to machine learning (ML). At present, many in our field are enthusiastic about the potential of ML, yet some risks should not be casually overlooked or summarily dismissed. Each ML implementation is subtly different from any other implementation, and the risk profile varies greatly based on the approach adopted and the implementation context. The ICSSP/ICGSE 2020 Program Committees have encouraged submissions that explore the risks and benefits associated with ML so that the important discussion regarding ML efficacy and advocacy can be further elaborated. Four contributions have been included in this special issue.
Multispecies assemblages and multiple stressors: Synthesizing the state of experimental research in freshwaters
Authors: He Fengzhi , Arora Roshni , Mansour India 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent decades have witnessed a sharp biodiversity decline in freshwaters due to multiple stressors. The presence of multiple stressors is expected to affect community structure and interactions in freshwater ecosystems, with subsequent functional consequences. We synthesized the state of experimental, manipulative multiple‐stressor studies that focused on multispecies assemblages in freshwaters. Compared to rivers and lakes, wetland and groundwater ecosystems have received much less attention in identified multiple‐stressor research. Most of the identified studies investigated combinations of abiotic stressors (e.g., nutrients, pesticides, heavy metals, warming, altered flow and sedimentation) on microbes and invertebrates while biotic stressors and vertebrates have been largely overlooked. The responses of community structure (e.g., alpha diversity, biomass, and abundance), some community/ecosystem functions (e.g., photosynthesis and autotrophic activity, leaf litter degradation), and morphological traits like body size and growth forms were frequently investigated. We observed a clear gap in biotic interactions under multiple‐stressor conditions, which, although difficult to study, could impede a deeper mechanistic understanding of how multiple stressors affect freshwater assemblages and associated ecological processes. Although information on ecosystem recovery pathways following restoration is critical for freshwater management, few studies were designed to provide such information, signifying the disconnections between multiple‐stressor research and environmental practice. To bridge these gaps, researchers and environmental practitioners need to work together to identify key stressors and interactions at different spatial and temporal scales and prioritize stressor management. Such collaborations will enhance the translation of multiple‐stressor research into efficient management strategies to protect and restore freshwater ecosystems.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Profiling Chromatin Accessibility on Replicated DNA with repli-ATAC-Seq
Authors: Stewart-Morgan Kathleen R. , Groth Anja 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOpen or accessible chromatin typifies euchromatic regions and helps define cell type-specific transcription programs. DNA replication massively disorders chromatin composition and structure, and how accessible regions are affected by and recover from this disruption has been unclear. Here, we present repli-ATAC-seq, a protocol to profile accessible chromatin genome-wide on replicated DNA starting from 100,000 cells. In this method, replicated DNA is labeled with a short 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) pulse in cultured cells and isolated from a population of tagmented fragments for amplification and next-generation sequencing. Repli-ATAC-seq provides high-resolution information on chromatin dynamics after DNA replication and reveals new insights into the interplay between DNA replication, transcription, and the chromatin landscape.
Creating “Creole” Cuisine in Latin America: Home Cooks Reinvent Batánes
Authors: Hård Mikael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnalyzing recipes and cooking technologies from Latin America, Chap. 6 illustrates the creative tension between culinary tradition and innovation. Throughout the postcolonial era, makers of Latin American cuisine exhibited remarkable flexibility, adopting elements of cuisines from the other sides of the Atlantic and the Pacific―without giving up the use of indigenous ingredients and familiar cooking techniques. Home cooks adopted gas stoves and refrigerators—and they strove to serve their families nutritious meals. Despite these modernizing trends, however, pre-Hispanic cooking tools like the batán (hand mill), and indigenous ingredients like corn, retained their prominence. The making of so-called cocina criolla entailed fidelity to the old as well as openness to the new; both kinds of manual techniques and material technologies have, for more than a century, existed side by side.
Earning a Living in Urban Africa: Maintaining the “Native Beer” Economy
Authors: Hård Mikael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChapter 7 critiques the traditional—if not cliché—narrative about low-income areas, referred to as “slums,” in the Global South. According to this trope, those who live in such areas are destitute and desperate, their lives plagued by crime, their environment in decay. Yet the postwar history of life in “informal settlements” in Nairobi, Kenya, tells another story. Before and after independence from British colonizers, many of these settlements were economically vital places, populated by beer brewers and hairdressers, traders and carpenters, tailors and bicycle-repair people. Importantly, most of these activities were connected to the larger economy—regionally, nationally, and globally. By replacing the concepts of “slum” and “informal settlement” with the notion of the “flexible settlement,” we can better appreciate the creativity and innovativeness of those who live in low-income neighborhoods.
Confronting Menstruation in East Asia: Koreans Create Self-made Solutions
Authors: Hård Mikael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the 1960s, as living standards in South Korea rose, consumers initially emulated lifestyles in the United States and Europe, and modern technologies entered the home. Chapter 8 shows that, compared to women in Western countries, women in South Korea slowly adopted disposable sanitary pads and other feminine-hygiene technologies. In fact, many women continued to use self-made sanitary napkins, and for a long time they rejected the use of tampons as a Western invention. Unlike consumers in Europe, many of whom experienced the United States as an “irresistible empire,” many in South Korea managed to resist elements of “the American way of life.” Rejecting the idea that women need to perform in the same way as men, women in South Korea distinguished themselves from what they viewed as Western: rationally performing women’s bodies.
Mentale Verursachung und Kausalität
Authors: Rolffs Matthias 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungBis hierher habe ich sowohl den nicht-reduktiven Physikalismus als auch den Vorwurf des Epiphänomenalismus weitgehend unabhängig von der Frage behandelt, was Verursachung ist. Diese Frage ist jedoch von großer Relevanz für die Plausibilität des Vorwurfs des Epiphänomenalismus. Es ist daher naheliegend, sich etwas detaillierter mit der Philosophie der Kausalität auseinanderzusetzen, um sich der Frage nach der Schlagkräftigkeit des Vorwurfs des Epiphänomenalismus anzunähern. In diesem Kapitel geht es daher um den Zusammenhang zwischen verschiedenen Fragestellungen aus der Philosophie der Kausalität auf der einen Seite und dem Vorwurf des Epiphänomenalismus auf der anderen Seite.