bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in skin surgery – Position paper of the Antibiotic Stewardship working group of the German Society for Dermatologic Surgery (DGDC), Part 1: Procedure‐ and patient‐related risk factors
Authors: Löser Christoph R. , Becker Sören L. , Hartmann Daniela , Kofler Lukas , Kunte Christian , Müller Cornelia S. L. , Schlager Justin Gabriel , Balakirski Galina 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe aim of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) is to prevent the occurrence of surgical site infections (SSIs) or other infectious complications (especially bacterial endocarditis or septic arthritis). PAP is effective in surgeries where overall infection rates are high even without considering patient‐related risk factors (such as orthopedic surgery or fracture repair). Surgery on airways, gastrointestinal, genital, or urinary tract is also considered to be associated with a risk of infection and may require PAP. Overall, SSIs in skin surgery are relatively rare and vary between 1% and 11% depending on the localization, complexity of the wound closure and patient cohort. Therefore, the general surgical recommendations regarding PAP only partially reflect the needs of dermatologic surgery. In contrast to the USA, where recommendations on the use of PAP in skin surgery already exist, there are currently no guidelines for the use of PAP specifically designed for dermatologic surgery in Germany. In the absence of an evidence‐based recommendation, the use of PAP is guided by the experience of the surgeons and leads to a heterogeneous use of antimicrobial substances. In this work, we summarize the current scientific literature on the use of PAP and make a recommendation depending on procedure‐ and patient‐related risk factors.
Status quo and future perspectives of molecular diagnostics in dermatology
Authors: Gebhardt Christoffer , Eyerich Kilian , Garzorz‐Stark Natalie 
Published: March 2023

SummaryMolecular diagnostics (MDx) has become an indispensable pillar of diagnostics in dermatology. Modern sequencing technologies allow for identification of rare genodermatoses, analysis of somatic mutations in melanoma are prerequisite for targeted therapies, and cutaneous infectious pathogens are quickly detected by PCR and other amplification methods. However, to push innovation in molecular diagnostics and tackle so far unmet clinical needs, research activities need to be bundled and the pipeline from idea to MDx product clearly rolled out. Only then, the requirements for technical validity and clinical utility of novel biomarkers can be fulfilled and the long‐term vision of personalized medicine will be realized.
Functional connectivity between medial pulvinar and cortical networks as a predictor of arousal to noxious stimuli during sleep
Authors: Bastuji Hélène , Cadic‐Melchior Andéol , Ruelle‐Le Glaunec Lucien , Magnin Michel , Garcia‐Larrea Luis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe interruption of sleep by a nociceptive stimulus is favoured by an increase in the pre‐stimulus functional connectivity between sensory and higher level cortical areas. In addition, stimuli inducing arousal also trigger a widespread electroencephalographic (EEG) response reflecting the coordinated activation of a large cortical network. Because functional connectivity between distant cortical areas is thought to be underpinned by trans‐thalamic connections involving associative thalamic nuclei, we investigated the possible involvement of one principal associative thalamic nucleus, the medial pulvinar (PuM), in the sleeper's responsiveness to nociceptive stimuli. Intra‐cortical and intra‐thalamic signals were analysed in 440 intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) segments during nocturnal sleep in eight epileptic patients receiving laser nociceptive stimuli. The spectral coherence between the PuM and 10 cortical regions grouped in networks was computed during 5 s before and 1 s after the nociceptive stimulus and contrasted according to the presence or absence of an arousal EEG response. Pre‐ and post‐stimulus phase coherence between the PuM and all cortical networks was significantly increased in instances of arousal, both during N2 and paradoxical (rapid eye movement [REM]) sleep. Thalamo‐cortical enhancement in coherence involved both sensory and higher level cortical networks and predominated in the pre‐stimulus period. The association between pre‐stimulus widespread increase in thalamo‐cortical coherence and subsequent arousal suggests that the probability of sleep interruption by a noxious stimulus increases when it occurs during phases of enhanced trans‐thalamic transfer of information between cortical areas.
Excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties of SiCN ceramic aerogels via a controlled hydrosilylation reaction
Authors: You Guiqin , Han Daoyang , Tian Huijie , Liang Junfang , Wang Chang‐An , Yuan Keke , He Jilin , Li Mingliang , Wang Hailong , Zhang Rui , Shao Gang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolymer‐derived ceramic materials exhibit adjustable composition, microstructure, and dielectric properties and are widely used as high temperature microwave absorption materials in the aerospace field. In this study, polymer‐derived SiCN ceramic aerogels with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) properties were successfully fabricated through a combination of the sol‐gel, freeze‐ drying, and polymer precursor conversion methods. The hydrosilylation reaction between the Si‐H bond in polysilazane (a polymer ceramic precursor) and the C = C bond in divinylbenzene (a cross‐linking agent) occurs to form a wet gel. The effects of the molar ratios of the two bonds (C = C/Si‐H) on the microstructure and EMA properties of the SiCN ceramic aerogels were systematically studied. At a C = C/Si–H molar ratio of 1.25:1, the minimum reflection loss of the SiCN ceramic aerogels is −37.57 dB at 10.88 GHz. Moreover, the corresponding effective absorption bandwidth covers almost the entire X‐band, showing excellent EMA properties.
Induction of systemic, mucosal, and cellular immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 in mice vaccinated by trans‐airway with a S1 protein combined with a pulmonary surfactant‐derived adjuvant SF‐10
Authors: Kimoto Takashi , Sakai Satoko , Kameda Keiko , Morita Ryoko , Takahashi Etsuhisa , Shinohara Yasuo , Kido Hiroshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need for vaccines that can induce effective systemic, respiratory mucosal, and cellular immunity to control the COVID‐19 pandemic. We reported previously that a synthetic mucosal adjuvant SF‐10 derived from human pulmonary surfactant works as an efficient antigen delivery vehicle to antigen presenting cells in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and promotes induction of influenza virus antigen‐specific serum IgG, mucosal IgA, and cellular immunity.MethodsThe aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a new administration route of trans‐airway (TA) vaccine comprising recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein 1 (S1) combined with SF‐10 (S1‐SF‐10 vaccine) on systemic, local, and cellular immunity in mice, compared with intramuscular injection (IM) of S1 with a potent adjuvant AddaS03™ (S1‐AddaS03™ vaccine).ResultsS1‐SF‐10‐TA vaccine induced S1‐specific IgG and IgA in serum and lung mucosae. These IgG and IgA induced by S1‐SF‐10‐TA showed significant protective immunity in a receptor binding inhibition test of S1 and angiotensin converting enzyme 2, a receptor of SARS‐CoV‐2, which were more potent and faster achievement than S1‐AddaS03™‐IM. Enzyme‐linked immunospot assay showed high numbers of S1‐specific IgA and IgG secreting cells (ASCs) and S1‐responsive IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐17A cytokine secreting cells (CSCs) in the spleen and lungs. S1‐AddaS03™‐IM induced IgG ASCs and IL‐4 CSCs in spleen higher than S1‐SF‐10‐TA, but the numbers of ASCs and CSCs in lungs were low and hardly detected.ConclusionsBased on the need for effective systemic, respiratory, and cellular immunity, the S1‐SF‐10‐TA vaccine seems promising mucosal vaccine against respiratory infection of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Summary of best evidence for prevention and control of pressure ulcer on support surfaces
Authors: Huang Lijun , Yan Yu , Huang Yimin , Liao Yuan , Li Wenjie , Gu Cuijin , Lu Xiaoting , Li Yu , Li Chun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to summarise the best evidence for the prevention and control of pressure ulcer at the support surface based on the site and stage of the pressure ulcer in order to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcer and improve the quality of care. In accordance with the top‐down principle of the 6 S model of evidence‐based resources, evidence from domestic and international databases and websites on the prevention and control of pressure ulcer on support surfaces, including randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, evidence‐based guidelines, and evidence summaries, was systematically searched for the period from January 2000 to July 2022. Evidence grading based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence‐Based Health Care Centre Evidence Pre‐grading System (2014 version), Australia. The outcomes mainly embraced 12 papers, including three randomised controlled trials, three systematic reviews, three evidence‐based guidelines, and three evidence summaries. The best evidence summarised included a total of 19 recommendations in three areas: type of support surface selection assessment, use of support surfaces, and team management and quality control.
Missorting of plasma miRNAs in aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Čarna Maria , Novotny Jan S. , Dragišić Neda , Slavik Hanuš , Sheardova Kateřina , Geda Yonas E. , Vyhnalek Martin , Laczo Jan , Hort Jakub , Mao Zixu , Rissman Robert A. , Hajduch Marian , Dammer Eric B. , Stokin Gorazd B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe observation that aging is regulated by microRNAs (miRNA) and at the same time represents the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), prompted us to examine the circulating miRNA network in AD beyond aging. We here show that plasma miRNAs in aging are downregulated and predicted to be preferentially targeted to the extracellular vesicle (EV) content. In AD, miRNAs are further downregulated, display altered proportions of motifs relevant to their loading into EVs and secretion propensity, and are forecast to be found exclusively in EVs. The circulating miRNA network in AD, therefore, reflects pathological exacerbation of the aging process whereby physiological suppression of AD pathology by miRNAs becomes insufficient.image
Diversity and mean specific leaf area of Mediterranean woody vegetation changes in response to summer drought across a double stress gradient: The role of phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Carrascosa Alejandro , Silvestre Mariola , Morgado Laura , Azcárate Francisco M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimMany aspects of vegetation response to increased drought remain uncertain but it is expected that phenotypic plasticity may be key to early adaptation of plants to environmental stress. In this work we observe the response of specific leaf area (SLA) of woody shrub vegetation to the summer drought typical of the Mediterranean climate. In addition, to observe the possible interaction between the impact of drought and the environmental characteristics of the ecosystems, communities from different edaphic and structural contexts distributed along the double stress gradient of the Mediterranean mountains (high temperature and low precipitation at low elevation; low temperature and high irradiation at high elevation) have been analysed.LocationCentral Mountain range of the Iberian Peninsula.MethodsAlong the entire altitudinal gradient, 33 shrub communities belonging to different habitat typologies (shrublands, rocky areas, hedgerows, understorey) were sampled before and after the passage of summer, both in 2017 and 2019. A total of 1724 individuals and 15,516 leaves were collected and measured to estimate the mean values and diversity of SLA of each community.ResultsThe community‐weighted mean and functional divergence have inverse quadratic relationships with the environmental gradient. Shrub communities at both ends of the gradient have low mean SLA values and high functional divergence of this trait. Summer drought implies a generalised decrease in the mean SLA of the communities throughout the gradient, as well as an alteration in functional richness and uniformity. However, the effect of summer drought on the plant community is mediated by the microenvironmental characteristics of its habitat.ConclusionsDrought acclimatisation of shrub communities through phenotypic plasticity leads to rapid changes in their functional leaf structure. In the long term, our results point to an increase in plant conservative strategies, reduced ecosystem productivity, slower nutrient recycling and the reduction of communities of specific habitats as drought increases.
Reduced protein intake in Procambarus clarkii fed diets containing graded levels of purslane: Effects on growth and quality
Authors: Martinoli Marco , Martini Arianna , Pulcini Domitilla , Renzi Gianluca , Tonachella Nicolò , Veroli Maxim , Capoccioni Fabrizio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, 144 red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, initial mean weight 3.9 ± 0.3 g) juveniles were fed diets containing graded levels of purslane (Portulaca oleracea), with a decreasing percentage of proteins (from 17.3% to 1.0%) for 10 weeks. Six diets were administered: four fishmeal diets containing 5%, 15%, 25%, and 50% purslane, a diet with 100% purslane, and a commercial diet. Growth performance and the amounts of fatty acids and carotenoids were measured. Crayfish fed 25% and 50% purslane diets showed optimal contents in fatty acids (FAs) and astaxanthin, and their growth was comparable to that of the control group. Significant differences in FA content of the crayfish groups were observed for saturated FAs, monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs). The highest levels of n − 3 α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and n − 6 linoleic acid (LA) were found in the groups fed 25%, 50%, and 100% purslane diets. This study shows that the best purslane content to be included in the crayfish diet should range between 25% and 50%. Although the nutritional value of purslane is low, its inclusion at up to 50% in crayfish diets seems to improve the carotenoid content and FA quality, while reducing the daily intake of animal protein, without affecting growth performance, thus contributing to the goal of more sustainable crustacean aquaculture.
Curricular representation of neurogastroenterology: A survey among medical students in Germany
Authors: Patejdl Robert , Demir Ihsan Ekin , Frieling Thomas , Goebel‐Stengel Miriam , Günther Lydia , Keller Jutta , Niesler Beate , Stengel Andreas , Neckel Peter H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeurogastroenterological disorders (NGDs) are highly prevalent and substantially impact patients' quality of life. Effective treatment of NGDs depends on the competence and training of medical caregivers. Students' perceived competence in neurogastroenterology and its place in medical school curricula are assessed in this study.MethodsA multi‐center digital survey among medical students was conducted at five universities. Self‐ratings of competence regarding basic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of six chronic medical conditions were assessed. These included irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastroesophageal reflux disease, and achalasia. Ulcerative colitis, hypertension, and migraine were included as references.Key ResultsOf 231 participants, 38% remembered that neurogastroenterology was covered in their curriculum. Highest competence ratings were stated for hypertension and the lowest for IBS. These findings were identical for all institutions irrespective of their curricular model and demographic parameters. Students who remembered neurogastroenterology as a part of their curriculum reported higher competence ratings. According to 72% of students, NGDs should be highlighted more prominently in the curriculum.Conclusions & InferencesDespite its epidemiological relevance, neurogastroenterology is only weakly represented in medical curricula. Students report low levels of subjective competence in handling NGDs. In general, assessing the learners' perspective on an empirical basis may enrichen the process of national standardization of medical school curricula.
Comparison between digital and conventional impression techniques in children on preference, time and comfort: A crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bosoni Carlo , Nieri Michele , Franceschi Debora , Souki Bernardo Quiroga , Franchi Lorenzo , Giuntini Veronica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the conventional alginate impression and the digital impression taken with an intraoral scanner of both dental arches in children, using a randomized crossover design.Trial DesignThis is a monocentric, controlled, superiority, randomized, crossover, open study.MethodsTwenty‐four orthodontic patients between 6 and 11 years of age underwent intraoral scanning (TRIOS 3; 3Shape) and alginate impression of both dental arches with an interval of 1 week between the two procedures. Participants were recruited from September 2021 to March 2022 and the study was completed in April 2022. Impression time for the two procedures was compared. Patients were asked which one of the two impression procedures they preferred. A questionnaire including Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for comfort, pain, gag reflex and difficulty in breathing, was administered to the patients.ResultsEighteen out of 24 patients preferred digital impression (75%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 55% to 88%; P = .014). Scanning time was significantly shorter than alginate impression time (difference −118 seconds; 95% CI: −138 to −99; P < .001). Comfort was significantly higher for digital impression (difference 1.7; 95% CI: 0.5 to 2.8; P = .007). There was no difference in pain (difference −0.2; 95% CI: −1.5 to 1.0; P = .686) while gag reflex and breathing difficulties were smaller for digital impression (gag reflex difference −2.5; 95% CI: −4.0 to −0.9; P = .004 and breathing difficulties difference −1.5; 95% CI: −2.5 to −0.5; P = −.004).ConclusionsDigital impression is preferred by children aged 6–11 years and it is significantly faster in acquisition time than conventional alginate impression.RegistrationThe study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with registration number NCT04220957 on January 7th, 2020 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04220957).
Lung cancer screening an asbestos exposed population: Existing lung cancer risk criteria are not sufficient
Authors: Brims Fraser J. H. , Harris Edward J. A. , Murray Conor , Kumarasamy Chellan , Ho Alice , Adler Brendan , Franklin Peter , de Klerk Nick H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAsbestos is a major risk factor for lung cancer, with or without tobacco smoke exposure. Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for early lung cancer is effective but only when targeting high risk populations. This study aimed to analyse the effectiveness of LDCT screening in an asbestos exposed population and to compare lung cancer screening program (LCSP) eligibility criteria.MethodsParticipants in an asbestos health surveillance program, the Western Australia Asbestos Review Program, underwent at least one LDCT scan and lung function assessment as part of annual review between 2012 and 2017. Lung cancer cases were confirmed through linkage to the WA cancer registry. Theoretical eligibility for different screening programs was calculated.ResultsFive thousand seven hundred and two LDCT scans were performed on 1743 individuals. The median age was 69.8 years, 1481 (85.0%) were male and 1147 (65.8%) were ever‐smokers (median pack‐year exposure of 20.0). Overall, 26 lung cancers were detected (1.5% of the population; 3.5 cases per 1000 person‐years of observation). Lung cancer was early stage in 86.4% and four (15.4%) cases were never smokers. Based on current lung screening program criteria, 1299 (74.5%) of this population, including the majority (17, 65.4%) of lung cancer cases, would not have been eligible for any LCSP.ConclusionThis population is at raised risk despite modest tobacco exposure. LDCT screening is effective at identifying early‐stage lung cancer in this population and existing lung cancer risk criteria do not capture this population adequately.
Improved three‐dimensional mapping of soil chromium pollution with sparse borehole data: Incorporating multisource auxiliary data into IDW‐based interpolation
Authors: Chen Jian , Han Chunmei , Peng Yuxuan , Wang Meiyan , Zhao Yongcun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeriving an accurate three‐dimensional (3D) spatial distribution of heterogeneous soil pollutants at contaminated sites using traditional spatial interpolation methods, such as inverse distance weighting (IDW), is challenging; especially when only limited borehole data are available. This study presents a novel IDW‐COV method, where weighting is determined by optimizing relative importance between feature distances of covariates and spatial distances to soil sample locations. The method was tested by mapping the 3D distributions of Cr (VI) and total Cr at a Cr salt production workshop (Site A) and a legacy Cr slag stacking site (Site B). The results were compared with those of IDW, the soil land inference model (SoLIM), and the SoLIM combined with IDW method (SoLIM‐IDW). The proposed IDW‐COV method returned the highest accuracy, with R2 values of 0.83 for Cr (VI) in Site A and 0.75 for total Cr in Site B, compared with 0.65 and 0.57 for IDW, 0.16 and 0.58 for SoLIM, and 0.73 and 0.61 for SoLIM‐IDW. This study highlights the importance of considering differences in explanatory power between multidimensional covariate and geographical spatial distance when incorporating multisource auxiliary data into weighted average estimators and provides guidance for mapping 3D distributions of heterogeneous pollutants from sparse soil borehole data.
Inhabiting Regional Geographical Practice in a Climate‐Changing World
Authors: Taylor Zac J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReflecting on the limits of the sovereign‐state centricity of mainstream contemporary climate action, Peter Taylor calls for new forms of regional geographical analysis and intervention. What might these aims and ambitions look and feel like for geographers? With this commentary, I take up Taylor's propositions through personal reflection on the work of “doing regional geography” in this current juncture of transnational climate action and transformation. I engage with the analytical challenges associated with regional climate research today – in my case, by way of financialized climate governance puzzles in Florida and the Netherlands. I also discuss how deconstructive and reconstructive approaches to knowledge production enliven my regional geographical engagement, but also generate new personal and disciplinary dilemmas. With this brief note, I hope to reinforce continued reflection on how geographers might take up – or inhabit – timely calls for regional analysis and intervention in climate‐changing regions.