bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of biochar quality and pyrolysis yield for soil carbon sequestration in practice
Authors: Rodrigues Leonor , Budai Alice , Elsgaard Lars , Hardy Brieuc , Keel Sonja G. , Mondini Claudio , Plaza César , Leifeld Jens 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiochar is a carbon (C)‐rich material produced from biomass by anoxic or oxygen‐limited thermal treatment known as pyrolysis. Despite substantial gaseous losses of C during pyrolysis, incorporating biochar in soil has been suggested as an effective long‐term option to sequester CO2 for climate change mitigation, due to the intrinsic stability of biochar C. However, no universally applicable approach that combines biochar quality and pyrolysis yield into an overall metric of C sequestration efficiency has been suggested yet. To ensure safe environmental use of biochar in agricultural soils, the International Biochar Initiative and the European Biochar Certificate have developed guidelines on biochar quality. In both guidelines, the hydrogen‐to‐organic C (H/Corg) ratio is an important quality criterion widely used as a proxy of biochar stability, which has been recognized also in the new EU regulation 2021/2088. Here, we evaluate the biochar C sequestration efficiency from published data that comply with the biochar quality criteria in the above guidelines, which may regulate future large‐scale field application in practice. The sequestration efficiency is calculated from the fraction of biochar C remaining in soil after 100 years (Fperm) and the C‐yield of various feedstocks pyrolyzed at different temperatures. Both parameters are expressed as a function of H/Corg. Combining these two metrics is relevant for assessing the mitigation potential of the biochar economy. We find that the C sequestration efficiency for stable biochar is in the range of 25%–50% of feedstock C. It depends on the type of feedstock and is in general a non‐linear function of H/Corg. We suggest that for plant‐based feedstock, biochar production that achieves H/Corg of 0.38–0.44, corresponding to pyrolysis temperatures of 500–550°C, is the most efficient in terms of soil carbon sequestration. Such biochars reveal an average sequestration efficiency of 41.4% (±4.5%) over 100 years.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in an EcPV2‐positive vulvar squamous cell carcinoma of a mare
Authors: De Paolis Livia , Armando Federico , Montemurro Vittoria , Petrizzi Lucio , Straticò Paola , Mecocci Samanta , Guarnieri Chiara , Pezzolato Marzia , Fruscione Floriana , Passeri Benedetta , Marruchella Giuseppe , Razzuoli Elisabetta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundVulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) has been recently associated with Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection. Still, few reports concerning this disease are present in the literature.ObjectiveTo describe a case of naturally occurring EcPV2‐induced VSCC, by investigating tumour ability in undergoing the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT).Study designCase report.MethodsA 13‐year‐old Haflinger mare was referred for a rapidly growing vulvar mass. After surgical excision, the mass was submitted to histopathology and molecular analysis. Histopathological diagnosis was consistent with a VSCC. Real‐time qPCR, real‐time reverse transcriptase (RT)‐qPCR and RNAscope were carried out to detect EcPV2 infection and to evaluate E6/E7 oncogenes expression. To highlight the EMT, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. Expression of EMT‐related and innate immunity‐related genes was investigated through RT‐qPCR.ResultsReal‐time qPCR, RT‐qPCR and RNAscope confirmed EcPV2 DNA presence and expression of EcPV2 oncoproteins (E6 and E7) within the neoplastic vulvar lesion. IHC highlighted a cadherin switch together with the expression of the EMT‐related transcription factor HIF1α. With RT‐qPCR, significantly increased gene expression of EBI3 (45.0 ± 1.62, p < 0.01), CDH2 (2445.3 ± 0.39, p < 0.001), CXCL8 (288.7 ± 0.40, p < 0.001) and decreased gene expression of CDH1 (0.3 ± 0.57, p < 0.05), IL12A (0.04 ± 1.06, p < 0.01) and IL17 (0.2 ± 0.64, p < 0.05) were detected.Main limitationsLack of ability to generalise and danger of over‐interpretation.ConclusionThe results obtained were suggestive of an EMT event occurring within the neoplastic lesion.
Climate change projections of commercial fish distribution and suitable habitat around north western Europe
Authors: Townhill Bryony L. , Couce Elena , Tinker Jonathan , Kay Susan , Pinnegar John K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnder future climate change, modification of temperature and salinity are expected to result in distribution shifts of marine organisms, including commercial fish and shellfish. Changes are anticipated everywhere, including in the seas of many important fishing nations. Species turnover will in turn result in both opportunities and threats to fishing industries. To determine the impacts for northwest European shelf fisheries, we project changes for 49 commercially important fish and shellfish species using an ensemble of five ecological niche models and three different downscaled climate change projections. The habitat suitability and latitudinal shifts projected from the recent past (1997–2016) to two futures (2030–2050; 2050–2070) were calculated for waters around the United Kingdom. Of the species examined, around half were projected to have consistently more suitable habitat in the future, including European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax, Moronidae), sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Alosidae) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus, Engraulidae). Conversely, it is suggested that UK waters will become less suitable for species including Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, Gadidae) and saithe (Pollachius virens, Gadidae). Our comprehensive approach using a number of models and climate change scenarios shows that while there are differences in the magnitude of change between models, and while some models perform better for certain species compared with others, overall, the general trends in habitat suitability and abundance are robust across models and climate scenarios. This emphasises the value in using more than one modelling technique with different climate scenarios (i.e., an ensemble approach) to capture the uncertainty or agreement around climate change projections.
“I was simply trying to make it through the day”: A collaborative autoethnography of couple/marriage and family therapy program directors in a diversity and anti‐racism peer consultation group
Authors: Sterrett‐Hong Emma M. , Sutton Asha , Brown Kristina S. , Culver‐Turner Rebecca E. , Rastogi Mudita , Ketring Scott 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and widely depicted incidents of racial injustice in the United States caused marked stress and shifts in society in 2020, leading to an acceleration of discussions related to promoting diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) in family‐oriented mental health professions, including through training. Despite the consequential role leaders of academic programs play in overseeing didactic and clinical training, little research has examined approaches for supporting academic leaders in promoting DEIJ in family science‐related academic training programs. In this collaborative autoethnography, we, six participants in a diversity and anti‐racism peer consultation group for leaders of couple/marriage and family therapy (C/MFT) programs, present our experiences participating in the group over the past two years. At the start of the group, many of us were experiencing profound isolation and stress due to intensified responsibilities subsequent to the COVID‐19 pandemic and broadcast depictions of racial injustice. We experienced the group as a safe, inclusive space to grow personally and professionally, which subsequently inspired us to make changes in our programs. We also recognized the need for greater infrastructure to support program directors in developing DEIJ leadership skills. Future directions for research include examining experiences and outcomes of director‐initiated DEIJ change, as well examination of DEIJ‐focused peer consultation groups among family systems‐oriented academic leaders of diverse disciplines and nations.
Effect of stress amplitude on damage and fracture characteristics of austenitic heat‐resistant steel Sanicro 25 at 973 K
Authors: Lyu Dechao , Cao Tieshan , Cheng Congqian , Zhou Tongtong , Zhao Jie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHigh‐temperature damage characteristics related to the deformation behavior of Sanicro 25 alloy were investigated under stress‐controlled cyclic loading. The results show that the strain curves exhibited creep‐like strain characteristics. The increase in mean stress increased the strain rate and weakened the life. Comparatively, the increase in stress amplitude only accelerated the tertiary‐regime strain rate, leading to a decrease in life and fracture strain. Microcrack initiation at grain boundaries and primary Z phases at different stress amplitudes can be evidenced by the observation of micro‐voids and high geometrically necessary dislocation densities around them. Subsequently, the increase in stress amplitude can significantly affect crack propagation. Dislocation accumulation at the transgranular crack tip caused by cyclic stress can assist the propagation of the transgranular crack at higher stress amplitude (
). Conversely, transgranular cracks are easily suppressed and stop propagating at grain boundaries under constant loading (
). The main reason was that the stress concentration of the transgranular crack tip at grain boundaries was dissipated through discontinuous dynamic recrystallization.
Implications of habitat use and movement of stocked juvenile dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus) on stock enhancement release strategies
Authors: Becker Alistair , Pederson Hugh , Lowry Michael B. , Fielder D. Stewart , Taylor Matthew D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStocking of marine fish into coastal systems to augment natural recruitment is a growing practice adopted by fisheries managers around the world. Releasing fish directly into well‐resourced nursery grounds greatly increases survival and retention of stocked individuals but requires an understanding of juvenile habitat requirements. In eastern Australia, the dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus) is a highly regarded recreationally targeted species and the focus of an emerging stock enhancement programme, although little is known of their specific nursery habitat. Using acoustic telemetry, hatchery‐reared juveniles were monitored in Lake Macquarie to quantify habitat use and dispersal. Sandy areas adjacent to edges of seagrass beds were favoured, likely as foraging habitat. Within 5 weeks after release, fish were detected 5 km from the release site, but only at locations containing seagrass beds, so stocked fish likely disperse around estuaries to regions with suitable habitat. Future releases of dusky flathead should target areas containing patchy seagrass‐sand to optimise stocking outcomes. Beyond fisheries enhancement programmes, our findings highlight the importance of structured habitat, such as seagrass beds, for juvenile fish.
Patterns and drivers of climatic niche dynamics during biological invasions of island‐endemic amphibians, reptiles, and birds
Authors: García‐Rodríguez Adrián , Lenzner Bernd , Marino Clara , Liu Chunlong , Velasco Julián A. , Bellard Céline , Jeschke Jonathan M. , Seebens Hanno , Essl Franz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShifts between native and alien climatic niches pose a major challenge for predicting biological invasions. This is particularly true for insular species because geophysical barriers could constrain the realization of their fundamental niches, which may lead to underestimates of their invasion potential. To investigate this idea, we estimated the frequency of shifts between native and alien climatic niches and the magnitude of climatic mismatches using 80,148 alien occurrences of 46 endemic insular amphibian, reptile, and bird species. Then, we assessed the influence of nine potential predictors on climatic mismatches across taxa, based on species' characteristics, native range physical characteristics, and alien range properties. We found that climatic mismatch is common during invasions of endemic insular birds and reptiles: 78.3% and 55.1% of their respective alien records occurred outside of the environmental space of species' native climatic niche. In comparison, climatic mismatch was evident for only 16.2% of the amphibian invasions analyzed. Several predictors significantly explained climatic mismatch, and these varied among taxonomic groups. For amphibians, only native range size was associated with climatic mismatch. For reptiles, the magnitude of climatic mismatch was higher for species with narrow native altitudinal ranges, occurring in topographically complex or less remote islands, as well as for species with larger distances between their native and alien ranges. For birds, climatic mismatch was significantly larger for invasions on continents with higher phylogenetic diversity of the recipient community, and when the invader was more evolutionarily distinct. Our findings highlight that apparently common niche shifts of insular species may jeopardize our ability to forecast their potential invasions using correlative methods based on climatic variables. Also, we show which factors provide additional insights on the actual invasion potential of insular endemic amphibians, reptiles, and birds.
Tree species growth response to climate warming varies by forest canopy position in boreal and temperate forests
Authors: Wang Jiejie , D'Orangeville Loïc , Taylor Anthony R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReports of forest sensitivity to climate change are based largely on the study of overstory trees, which contribute significantly to forest growth and wood supply. However, juveniles in the understory are also critical to predict future forest dynamics and demographics, but their sensitivity to climate remains less known. In this study, we applied boosted regression tree analysis to compare the sensitivity of understory and overstory trees for the 10 most common tree species in eastern North America using growth information from an unprecedented network of nearly 1.5 million tree records from 20,174 widely distributed, permanent sample plots across Canada and the United States. Fitted models were then used to project the near‐term (2041–2070) growth for each canopy and tree species. We observed an overall positive effect of warming on tree growth for both canopies and most species, leading to an average of 7.8%–12.2% projected growth gains with climate change under RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The magnitude of these gains peaked in colder, northern areas for both canopies, while growth declines are projected for overstory trees in warmer, southern regions. Relative to overstory trees, understory tree growth was less positively affected by warming in northern regions, while displaying more positive responses in southern areas, likely driven by the buffering effect of the canopy from warming and climate extremes. Observed differences in climatic sensitivity between canopy positions underscore the importance of accounting for differential growth responses to climate between forest strata in future studies to improve ecological forecasts. Furthermore, latitudinal variation in the differential sensitivity of forest strata to climate reported here may help refine our comprehension of species range shift and changes in suitable habitat under climate change.
Effects of microplastics and biochar on soil cadmium availability and wheat plant performance
Authors: Miao Jiarui , Chen Yalan , Zhang Enyao , Yang Yan , Sun Ke , Gao Bo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBiochar is a promising amendment to promote cadmium (Cd) sorption and fixation in agricultural soil, where microplastics are emerging contaminants in soil. Herein, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects on Cd availability in a soil–plant system by biochar and fresh/aged microplastics application. The fresh microplastics led to an obvious increase in soil Cd availability and Cd uptake by wheat plant, while the aged microplastics increased the available Cd in soil but had no effect on Cd uptake by wheat plant, which was likely attributed to the blocking effect of the aged microplastics on Cd transportation from the soil to the wheat plant. Unexpectedly, biochar had increased Cd availability and Cd uptake. The increased soil soluble Cd was because of both decreased soil pH and elevated dissolved organic matter (DOM) content resulted by biochar addition. Also, the unchanged Cd adsorption of the soil was likely responsible for the increased tested soil Cd availability. In addition, the combined effects of a greater decrease in soil pH, an increase in soil DOM content, and a reduction in Cd adsorption after the addition of microplastics to biochar‐amended soil resulted in a significant increase (ranging from 2.63% to 47.73%) in Cd availability compared to soil treated with biochar alone. Moreover, fresh microplastics inhibited wheat growth, and greater inhibition effect was observed for their aged ones. The biochar elevated the wheat biomass; however, the coexistence of microplastics and biochar decreased the wheat plant biomass compared with biochar alone, due to the negative influence of microplastics in plant growth.
Remediating a PCE Source Area in Clay Using Electrokinetically Enhanced In Situ Bioremediation
Authors: Riis Charlotte , Cox Evan E. , Wang James , Gent David , Bymose Martin Brandi , Pade Dorte Moon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe success of in situ remediation techniques such as bioremediation and chemical oxidation is often limited by the presence of contaminants in low‐permeability silts and clays, as remediation reagents cannot be effectively delivered into these materials to promote and achieve treatment. A novel electrokinetic (EK) technique, referred to as EK‐BIO, was demonstrated at full‐scale to overcome the limitations of conventional in situ bioremediation with respect to reagent delivery. Electron donor and dehalorespiring bacteria (KB‐1®) were effectively and uniformly delivered throughout a tetrachloroethene (PCE) source area in clay till using the EK‐BIO technique. Lactate, as electron donor, was effectively delivered through the clay soils over a sustained operational period of 720 days. A one‐time bioaugmentation of the treatment area with KB‐1® dehalorespiring culture was conducted within the first month of operation. Vinyl chloride reductase functional gene counts increased by several orders of magnitude in treatment area wells, with ensuing PCE dechlorination to ethene and chloride observed at all treatment area wells. Remediation goals for site soil of 10 mg PCE/kg were met within 2 years of system operation. Average soil concentrations in the treatment area were reduced by 98.75% (PCE eq.). Rebound testing 6 months after cessation of EK‐BIO operation showed sustained dechlorination and compliance with remedial goals. These results document the first large field‐scale remediation of a PCE source area in clay using EK‐BIO.
Presentations of nonmotor symptoms by sex and onset age in people with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lee JuHee , Sohn Young H. , Chung Seok Jong , Kim Eunyoung , Kim Yielin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence that sex and onset age are important factors of clinical features in Parkinson's disease.AimThe study aimed to identify nonmotor symptoms based on sex and onset age in people with Parkinson's disease.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsA total of 210 participants were recruited from the university hospital and the Parkinson's disease association. This study measured the Korean version of the nonmotor symptoms questionnaire which includes gastrointestinal, urinary, apathy/attention/memory, hallucination/delusions, depression/anxiety, sexual function, cardiovascular, sleep disorder, and miscellaneous domains.ResultsAll participants reported at least one nonmotor symptom. The most commonly reported symptoms were nocturia (65.7%) and constipation (61.9%). The male participants reported more dribbling of saliva, constipation, and impaired sexual function, whereas the female reported more weight change. Young‐onset people with Parkinson's disease reported more depression than late‐onset people with Parkinson's disease.ConclusionThis study contributes to the understanding of symptom experience beyond motor‐related symptomatology for those with Parkinson's disease and adds to the current literature. Individualized symptom assessment and management should be provided by prioritizing prevalent sex or onset age‐specific symptoms, rather than addressing with all nonmotor symptoms.
Measuring the efficiency of administrative divisions in combating the COVID‐19 pandemic in Taiwan: an empirical study
Authors: Chen Shih‐Pin , Lin Yi‐Rong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues to have a substantial impact on the economies and livelihoods of all countries. Central and local government administrators are facing a critical issue of resource utilization efficiency due to their limited resources. This paper employs data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the concept of an assurance region (AR) to assess the relative efficiency of administrative divisions in Taiwan, whose effectiveness has been praised by other countries’ administrators and citizens, regarding COVID‐19 pandemic prevention and control. The input factors used were the cumulative number of deaths (an undesirable factor) and expenditures, and the output factors were the average number of unconfirmed citizens aged 65 and older, the average number of unconfirmed citizens aged 0–64, and the cumulative number of vaccinations. Notably, because there are many COVID‐19 variants with different characteristics, reaching a consensus AR among experts is difficult. Thus, different ARs were compared, and the most representative AR was identified for subsequent analysis. The main findings show that only Kaohsiung City was efficient, and Taipei City was the third worst due to inefficient operations. In addition, the administrative divisions were classified into four groups using cluster analysis based on the decomposition of aggregate efficiency to the contributions of the three outputs. The findings presented in this paper serve as a reference for both local government administrators and citizens, offering insights into relative efficiency and improvement directions. Moreover, they also provide guidance for resource allocation, future strategy adjustment, and development for central government administrators and citizens worldwide.