bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimizing Drill-String-Induced Wellbore Instability
Authors: Das Soukat Kumar , Albahrani Hussain , Bathija Arpita Pal , Finkbeiner Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective/Scope
Every year the petroleum industry spends more than an estimated $6 billion in mitigating wellbore instabilities that account for nearly half of the drilling-related NPT (non-productive time). Researchers believe wellbore instability problems occur primarily due to physical and chemical interactions between rocks and drilling fluid and mostly neglect the impact of drill string vibrations on wellbore stability. However, such vibrations can cause significant damage to the formation, which then degrades the formation's mechanical integrity and compound wellbore instabilities. An appreciable body of evidence exists documenting that higher RPM (revolutions per minute), higher WOB (weight on bit), and pendulum BHA (bottom hole assembly) can cause enhanced agitation of the wellbore wall rock which may result in formation damage – often accompanied with an increased ROP (rate of penetration). The primary objective of this work is to review the state of modelling vibrations as documented in the literature and then advance the development and impact of vibrations and rock failure due to the aforementioned drilling parameters using numerical methods.

Methods, Procedures, Process
The proposed research will analyze the complex dynamic interaction between drill-string and borehole using a commercially available finite element package (e.g., COMSOL or ABAQUS etc.). These packages have the capability to create multiphysics-based models and simulate engineering and industry applications. A drill-string borehole assembly will be modelled with geometric and associated environmental and material boundary conditions (e.g., stress state, pore-fluid pressure, mud pressure etc.). The results will then be calibrated with experimental and field data.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
Subsurface drilling parameters are often undetermined or not measurable during drilling. The proposed model will aim at developing a drill-string-dynamics model to simulate the interactions between the wellbore and the drill string. This includes (i) estimation of drill string vibrations for different drill string and BHA designs, (ii) the resulting impact forces from drill string vibrations for different wellbore designs, and (iii) the influence of the estimated impact forces on the wellbore wall of particular (chosen) rock types at its current stress or yielding state.

Novel/Additive information
The research project proposed herein will equip the well-planning engineers with advanced and robust tools to predict and mitigate wellbore instabilities resulting from drill-string vibrations. We develop new models that incorporate the dynamics mentioned above in order to evaluate quantitatively the effects of drill string vibrations on wellbore instabilities.
We anticipate contributions along the following themes:
Laboratory Study on the Efficiency of Polymer-Based Foamed Gel for Conformance Control in High Temperature Reservoirs
Authors: Almulhim Noorah , Alarawi Abeer 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Undesired water production is the most common problem of most oil and gas wells. Oil and gas production may be restricted because of high producing fluid levels commonly associated with high water production. In 2000, Bailey et al. reported that 3 barrels of water were produced for each barrel of oil, amounting to about 75 billion barrels of water at that time. The economic lives of many wells are shortened because of the excessive production cost associated with water production. These expenses include lifting, handling, separating, and disposing of an estimated $40 billion. The need to shut off unwanted water production is common to the entire well's life cycle spectrum. This research article presents the results of a series of experiments to evaluate the foamed gel characteristics, including foamability, thermal stability, and rheology at 77-150 °F.
The characteristics of developed polymer-based foamed gel formulas were investigated. The components of foamed gel formula were compatible with each other since there were no physical changes nor separation visually observed at 77-150°F. The half-life-time of polymer-based foam was 4 hours, 2 and 5 days for the base, 45 gpt and double concentrations of formulas at 77-150°F. The foamed fluid formulas were thermally stable at temperatures range of 77-150°F. Increasing the concentration of polymer-based agents in the formula led to enhancing the foamed gel's thermal stability to reach 7 days for the base, 45 gpt and double concentrations at 77°F, respectively.
In contrast, the gelling time of foamed gel was decreased with increasing the concentration of polymerbased agents in the formula. It was thirty minutes for base and one minute for 45 gpt and double concentrations at 77°F. In addition, a viscometer instrument was utilized to investigate the influence of doubled polymer-based agent's concentration on the apparent viscosity of foamed gel at 77- 150°F for three hours of measuring time. The apparent viscosity of foamed gel for the based concentration was at 75°F 30 Cp and it rapidly drop at 150°F immediately. For 45 gpt and double concentrations formulas the apparent viscosity were 2500 and 7000 cP for 45 gpt and double concentrations at 150°F and three hours of measuring time, respectively. Both of the second the third system with high concentration of polymerbased additives systems demonstrate viscosity higher than 2000 cp a strong-foamed gel formula for water shutoff application.
These results indicated that the doubled concentration of polymer-based agents is an optimum at temperatures of 77-150 °F. This work's novelty is developing an environmentally friendly, low-cost foamed gel recipe with only three additives. The prepared polymer-based-foamed gels can efficiently block different watercourses of high permeable zones at temperatures 77- 150°F. In addition, the gelling time can be easily controlled by altering the polymer-based agent's concentration.
A Novel Engineered Drilling Solution using a Sourceless Geosteering Bottomhole Assembly to Deliver the Longest Extended-Reach Well in a Carbonate Reservoir, Onshore Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Fares Wael , Dutta Ashim , Reddy Rathnakar , Baslaib Moahmed , El Shahat Ayman , Cardozo Luis Gerardo , Abdel Meguid Mohamed , Nasrallah Mena , Mubeen Muhammad , Aki Ahmet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To develop a mature onshore carbonate field in Abu Dhabi and reduce the footprint and cost, an artificial island has been built in shallow water that can accommodate drilling rigs and extended-reach wells. This paper presents a case study of the longest onshore well drilled in Abu Dhabi. Planning to drill such a deep well starts long before execution, using offset well data and extended-reach drilling (ERD) engineering. There were formation and reservoir challenges due to the uncertainty in the earth model in the horizontal section of the well. Hence, it was very challenging to maintain contact with the thin reservoir intervals, without approaching the boundaries. In addition, the limited power available to drive the drillstring and maintain circulation drove the ERD engineering team to find optimum solutions, including drillstring and bottomhole assembly (BHA) design. Furthermore, there was a known risk of differential sticking, which meant that the use of radioactive sources in the BHA was undesirable. The well was planned to be drilled in two runs, using nuclear measurements in the first run and non-nuclear measurements in the second. A well-placement methodology and workflow was developed and integrated with the geological understanding of the target layer. Analysis of offset horizontal wells resulted in the delivery of an optimized BHA design, including careful selection of logging-while-drilling (LWD) technologies, to mitigate the geological challenges. The BHA also included a new generation of intelligent, fully rotating, high-dogleg, push-the-bit rotary-steerable system, to geosteer the well in the thin target layer while maintaining the planned target trajectory with minimum borehole tortuosity by means of real-time drilling optimization.
The extended-reach horizontal section was drilled successfully, and the geosteering objectives were achieved with 100% reservoir contact over a 20,000-ft interval, targeting a thin carbonate layer and overcoming the complex geological environment. The well was drilled to a record depth of 32,300 ft. The new intelligent rotary steerable system with automatic cruise control helped to eliminate any well-profile issues, minimize wellbore tortuosity, and maintain aggressive drilling parameters. The nuclear and non-nuclear LWD measurements, including NMR, helped to reinforce understanding of the reservoir properties along the entire section.
This success has opened the door for drilling more challenging wells. In addition, it has proved that proper planning and execution can shift the boundaries further and gave confidence to drill even deeper.
Field Deployment of Nanomaterial Based Shale Inhibitors
Authors: Santra Ashok , Patel Hasmukh , Hale Arthur , Osorio Nicolas , Mohammad Arfaj , Jothibasu Ramaswamy , Ehab Elahbrouk 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Shale inhibition solutions that are commonly used in water-based fluids employ chemical systems that are not universally applicable. For example, kaolinite rich shales, can lose strength when exposed to KCl through cation exchange with potassium. In the United States, government regulations prohibit the disposal of greater than 3,000 ppm chloride on lease or 1,000 ppm chloride off lease. The hazardous nature of choline chloride restricts its use as shale inhibitor for water-based fluids.
Nanosilica Based Shale Inhibitor (NSBSI) has been developed to mitigate the difficulties in clay stabilization in particularly challenging formations. NSBSI is used when drilling with low solids, non-dispersed muds, such as polymer and PAC muds. It can be used as an alternative to polyamine-based shale inhibitors and silicate-based shale inhibitors. Field trials were conducted in three wells. Commonly used shale inhibitor (polyamine based) were replaced by NSBSI in mud formulations in order to complete the field trials. Trouble-free drilling through problematic shale sections with no changes in mud properties, and no indications of lack of inhibition were experienced.
Further addressing field requirements for shale inhibition in water-based muds, we have also developed a second shale-inhibiting product which is functionalized nanoplatelets composed of amine functionalities anchored on the nanometer-thick magnesium silicates (LMS-NH2). A facile synthetic approach was employed to synthesize lab-scale quantity of LMS-NH2 through combination of sol-gel and precipitation techniques. The structural characterization was conducted using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to evaluate generation of anticipated LMS-NH2. Shale stabilization characteristics of LMS-NH2 were tested and compared with other commercial shale inhibitors. Clay swelling and clay dispersion tests were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the impermeable coating of nano-platelets on to the clay-rich shales. The LMS-NH2 have demonstrated 87% recovery of swellable shales after dispersion tests. The microscopic study conducted on the treated shales reveals the formation of inorganic film on the shales, which provide impervious coating to protect the water susceptible clays. The linear swelling measurements were also performed to understand the effectiveness of LMS-NH2 over 72 hours demonstrating minimized the hydration and subsequent swelling of clay-rich shales.
The newly developed inhibitor in the current study has outperformed conventional shale inhibitors wherein the presence of inorganic constituents aids stronger film formation compared to solely organic inhibitors. Comparative studies have been carried out against commercially used shale inhibitors using linear swell meter, dispersion test and pore pressure penetration test and the results will be presented.
Method to Operate Water Wells at Optimum Rates Utilizing Orifice Performance Curves
Authors: Almannai Mohammed , Javed Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Wells, e.g., water wells (injectors, disposal and supply) operate at designated rates set by reservoir engineers. The objective of producing/injecting these wells at optimum rates is to prolong the well's and reservoir's life. To effectively apply the mentioned objective, each well is assigned a target by the reservoir engineer to either produce or inject. Wells meeting this assigned target are called "compliant" wells while wells that do not meet the set target, whether above or below the target with a specified margin, are classified as "noncompliant" wells. This paper discusses a unique method that will significantly help in maintaining assigned target rates for water wells. The method is applicable to wells that are equipped with intelligent field equipment (DAS—data acquisition system) to monitor the wells in real time. All these wells are equipped with a specific size of orifice plate that maintains a differential pressure (dP), subsequently enabling the flowmeter to read a rate at that point of restriction in the orifice. Each orifice plate, depending on its dimensions, can have its very own orifice performance curve (OPC), which is generated based on multiple parameters. The OPC reflects dP (differential pressure) on its x-axis and flow rate on its y-axis, these curves are beneficial to be used while maintaining the well's target rate. Once a target rate is assigned by the reservoir engineer, a production engineer reviews the OPC and defines the required dP to be communicated for direct field implementation. By this exercise, targeted rates can be obtained without any back and forth communication or field visits for the ultimate goal of achieving compliance in water wells.
Research on Long Open Hole Clad Technology Based on High Performance Solid Expandable Tubular in Shale Gas Reservoir
Authors: Zhan Guodong David , Li Bodong , Aljohar Abdulwahab , Wang Bing , Guo Huijuan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The open hole clad technology based on high performance solid expandable tubular is an innovative technology developed rapidly in recent years. It is focus on solving difficult problems that weak and complex formation and severe drilling loses which cannot be effectively plugged or controlled. Especially in shale gas drilling, with that the formation pressure system is more complex and more difficulty to predict accurately, the severe drilling loses and diverse well-bore structure design difficulties are more common. It is urgent to apply this technology to deal with multiple down-hole complex situations and optimize the well-bore structure in shale gas reservoir. This paper studies the long open hole clad technology based on high performance solid expandable tubular in shale gas reservoir by using the methods of theoretical research and field trials. According to the characteristics of shale gas reservoirs, we firstly systematically studied the technical principle, tool structure design and construction process of the open hole clad technology. Then, aiming at improving the ground bearing capacity of CX~ LS formation of shale gas wells of H-3 and H-4, we carried out the open hole clad technology field experiment and analyzed the effect. The research results show that: (1) By optimizing the tool structure and construction process, the open hole clad technology can effectively deal with the risks and challenges brought by severe drilling loses on the safe drilling in shale gas reservoirs. (2) H-3 and H-4 shale gas wells have successfully created conditions for safe drilling in the target formation of LMX group by using open hole clad technology to preventively seal the CX~LS formation with low ground bearing capacity. The ability to seal complex formations in shale gas reservoir using long open hole clad technology based on high performance solid expandable tubular can be deployed economically in shale gas reservoir with complex formation or severe drilling loses.
BTLA-LSDG: Blockchain-based Triune Layered Architecture for Authenticated Subgraph Query Search in Large Scale Dynamic Graphs
Authors: g Sharmila , K. Kavitha Devi M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Over the past era, subgraph mining from a large collection of graph database is a crucial problem. Existing works on subgraph mining is based on the threshold value, which returns similar graphs for a query graph. However, the number of graphs in the answer set for the same threshold can vary in terms of structure and context. In addition, scalability is another big problem due to insufficient storage.Further, it can suffer from security issues. In a distributed environment, since more queries come from different users, it is possible for the attackers to access the graph. These three problems highly exist in the current subgraph mining. To address this downside, our proposed work introduces aBlockchain-based Triune Layered Architecture for authenticated query search in the large scale dynamic graphs. The two fold process is handled in BTLA-LSDG: graph indexing and authenticated query search (query processing), which are implemented in triune layers (Data Generation Layer, Data Storage Layer, and Service Layer). Initially, data owners are authenticated to blockchain using Four-Q-Curve algorithm. The graph index is constructed by data owners and merged graph index is constructed by service providers. Based on the uploaded graph index, hash index is constructed using SHA-3. The hash index is fed into blockchain and form Dendrimer – Fractal Index. On the other hand, data user submits query with authentication. For every authenticated query, the four fold process is handled. Firstly, Multi-Constraint based Belief Entropy function is used for feature sets computation for a given query. Then Dual Similarity based MapReduce helps inmapping and reducing the relevant subgraphs with the use of optimal feature sets. Thirdly, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)is used for subgraph isomorphic testing. Finally, graph index refinement process is undertaken to improve the query results. For this, query error is computed for each user’s query at the end of retrieval. With respect to query error, fuzzy logic is used to refine the index of graph dynamically. This experiment is implemented using Hadoop environment and the results show better efficiency in terms of Scalability, Security and Storage. Further, it is tested with Precision, Recall, F-measure, Accuracy, Error Rate, Query Response Time and Positive Results.
A synergetic cocatalyst for conversion of carbon dioxide, sunlight and water into methanol
Authors: Mi Zetian , Batista Victor , Ye Zhengwei , Yang Ke , Zhou Peng , Navid Ishtiaque , Xiao Yixin , Pofelska Alexandre , Botton Gianluigi , Ma Tao , Mondal Shubham 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels, using only sunlight and water, offers a promising path to carbon neutrality. An outstanding challenge is to achieve high efficiency and product selectivity. Here, we introduce a wireless photocatalytic architecture for conversion of CO2 and water into methanol and oxygen. The catalytic material consists of semiconducting nanowires decorated with core-shell nanoparticles, with a copper-rhodium core and a chromium oxide shell. The Rh/CrOOH interface provides a unidirectional channel for proton reduction, enabling hydrogen spillover at the core-shell interface, as shown by density functional theory. The vectorial transfer of protons, electrons, and hydrogen atoms allows for switching the mechanism of CO2 reduction from a proton-coupled electron transfer pathway in aqueous solution to hydrogenation of CO2 with a record high solar-to-methanol efficiency of 0.29%. The reported findings demonstrate a highly efficient, stable, and scalable wireless system for synthesis of methanol from CO2 that could provide a viable path towards carbon neutrality and environmental sustainability.
Exploring the association of CircRNAs expression with pediatric obesity, based on case-control study and related bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Li Guobo , Xu Xingyan , Yang Le , Cai Yingying , Sun Yi , Guo Jianhui , Lin Yawen , Hu Yuduan , Chen Mingjun , Li Huangyuan , Wu Siying 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: Our present study utilizes case-control research to explore the relationship between specific CircRNA and pediatric obesity through literature review and bioinformatics, and predict its possible biological functions, providing ideas for epigenetic mechanisms study of pediatric obesity.
Methods: CircRNAs related to pediatric obesity were preliminarily screened by literature review and qRT-PCR. CircRNAs expression in obesity children (n=75) and controls (n=75) were confirmed with qRT-PCR in case-control study, followed by bioinformatics analyses, such as GO analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and CeRNA network construction. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to analyze the effects of CirRNAs on obesity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was further drawn to explore the clinical application value of CircRNAs in pediatric obesity.
Results: hsa_circ_0046367 and hsa_circ_0000284 were separately validated to be statistically down-regulated and up-regulated in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of obesity children, and revealed as independent indicators of increased CHD risk [hsa_circ_0046367(OR=0.681, 95%CI: 0.480~0.967) and hsa_circ_0000284 (OR=1.218, 95%CI:1.041~1.424)]. The area under the ROC curve in the combined analysis of hsa_circ_0046367 and hsa_circ_0000284 was 0.706(95%CI:0.623~0.789). Enrichment analyses revealed that they were actively involved in Neural Plasticity mechanisms, Cell Secretion and Signal Regulation.
Conclusion: The present research disclosed that low expression of hsa_circ_0046367 and high expression of hsa_circ_0000284 are risk factors for pediatric obesity, neural plasticity mechanisms was closely related to obesity.
The novel immunosuppressant Cloxyquin activates hTRESK by allosteric modulation of the selectivity filter
Authors: Schreiber Julian , Derksen Anastasia , Goerges Gunnar , Schütte Sven , Sörgel Jasmin , Kiper Aytug , Strutz-Seebohm Nathalie , Ruck Tobias , Meuth Sven , Decher Niels , Seebohm Guiscard 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The TWIK-related spinal cord K+ channel (TRESK) is a K2P channel contributing to the maintenance of membrane potentials in various cells. Recently, physiological TRESK function was identified as a key player in T-cell differentiation rendering the channel a new pharmacological target for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The channel activator cloxyquin represents a promising lead compound for the development of a new class of immunomodulators. Identification of cloxyquin binding site and characterization of the molecular mechanism causing the agonism can foster the future drug development. Here, we identified the cloxyquin binding site at the M2/M4 interface by mutational scan and analyzed the molecular mechanism of action by protein modelling as well as in silico and in vitro electrophysiology using different permeating ion species (K+ / Rb+). In combination with kinetic analyses of channel inactivation, we show that cloxyquin allosterically stabilizes the inner selectivity filter facilitating the conduction process subsequently activating hTRESK.