bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term effects of a high-severity summer wildfire on conifer forest moth (Lepidoptera) communities in New Mexico, USA
Authors: Brantley Eileen M , Jones Arden G , Hodson Alicia M , Brown John W , Pogue Michael G , Suazo Martina M , Parmenter Robert R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Forest fires in North America are becoming larger in area and burning with higher severity as a result of climate change and land management practices. High-severity, stand-replacement fires can inflict major changes to forest insect communities, potentially extirpating many species through altered post-fire habitat resources. We assessed forest-dwelling macrolepidopteran moth communities in mixed conifer and ponderosa pine forests during the first year after the 2011 Las Conchas fire in New Mexico, USA. We deployed blacklight traps in replicated burned and unburned stands during June, July, and August in 2012. We collected 9,478 individuals, representing 211 species and 8 families. Noctuidae (124 species) and Geometridae (53) comprised the majority of the taxa, followed by Erebidae (21), Sphingidae (5), Notodontidae (3), Lasiocampidae (2), Saturniidae (2), and Drepanidae (1). Moth communities (species composition and abundances) in each forest type (mixed conifer vs. ponderosa pine) were statistically distinguishable, but shared 56.4% (119) of observed species. Overall, compared to unburned forests, post-fire moth communities in both forest types had significantly lower numbers of individuals, species richness and diversity, and lower evenness in ponderosa pine forests. As expected, categorizing moth taxa by larval host plant taxa revealed that reductions of moth populations following fire were associated with the elimination or reduction of available larval host plants (particularly conifers, oaks, and junipers). We predict that future moth community succession will likely parallel the overall transformation from a forested landscape to a montane meadow/grassland ecosystem, with continued reduction in tree-feeding species and increasing dominance by forb/grass-feeding species.
Prognostic significance of subpulmonary left ventricular size and function in patients with a systemic right ventricle
Authors: Surkova Elena , Constantine Andrew , Xu Zhuoyuan , Segura de la Cal Teresa , Bispo Daniela , West Cathy , Senior Roxy , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Li Wei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
To assess the additional prognostic significance of echocardiographic parameters of subpulmonary left ventricular (LV) size and function in patients with a systemic right ventricle (SRV).

Methods and results
All adults with an SRV who underwent transthoracic echocardiography in 2010–18 at a large tertiary centre were identified. Biventricular size and function were assessed at the most recent examination. The study endpoint was all-cause mortality or heart/heart–lung transplantation. We included 180 patients, with 100 (55.6%) males, with a mean age of 42.4 ± 12.3 years, of whom 103 (57.2%) had undergone Mustard/Senning operations and 77 (42.8%) had congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries. Over 4.9 (3.8–5.7) years, 28 (15.6%) patients died and 4 (2.2%) underwent heart or heart–lung transplantation. Univariable predictors of the study endpoint included age, New York Heart Association functional Class III or IV, history of atrial arrhythmias, presence of a pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator, high B-type natriuretic peptide, and echocardiographic markers of SRV and subpulmonary LV size and function. On multivariable Cox analysis of echocardiographic variables, indexed LV end-systolic diameter [ESDi; hazard ratio (HR) 2.77 (95% confidence interval, CI) 1.35–5.68, P = 0.01], LV fractional area change [FAC; HR 0.7 (95% CI 0.57–0.85), P = 0.002), SRV basal diameter [HR 1.66 (95% CI 1.21–2.29), P = 0.005], and SRV FAC [HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.49–0.87), P = 0.008] remained predictive of mortality or transplantation. On receiver-operating characteristic analysis, subpulmonary LV parameters performed better than SRV markers in predicting adverse events.

Conclusion
SRV basal diameter, SRV FAC, LV ESDi, and LV FAC are significantly and independently associated with mortality and transplantation in adults with an SRV. Accurate echocardiographic assessment of both SRV and subpulmonary LV is, therefore, essential to inform risk stratification and management.
Preparation for cardiac procedures: a cross-sectional study identifying gaps between outpatients’ views and experiences of patient-centred care
Authors: Fakes Kristy , Williams Trent , Collins Nicholas , Boyle Andrew , Sverdlov Aaron L , Boyes Allison , Sanson-Fisher Rob 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
To examine and identify gaps in care perceived as essential by patients; this study examined outpatients’: (1) views on what characterizes essential care and (2) experiences of care received, in relation to cardiac catheterization and subsequent cardiovascular procedures.

Methods
Cross-sectional descriptive study. Surveys were posted to outpatients who had undergone elective cardiac catheterization in the prior 6 months at an Australian hospital. Participants completed a 65-item survey to determine: (a) aspects of care they perceive as essential to patients receiving care for a cardiac condition (Important Care Survey); or (b) their actual care received (Actual Care Survey). Numbers and percentages were used to calculate the most frequently identified essential care items; and the experiences of care received. Items rated as either ‘Essential’/‘Very important’ by at least 80% of participants were determined. A gap in patient-centred care was identified as being any item that was endorsed as essential/very important by 80% or more of participants but reported as received by &lt;80% of participants.

Results
Of 582 eligible patients, 264 (45%) returned a completed survey. A total of 43/65 items were endorsed by &gt;80% of participants as essential. Of those, for 22 items, &lt;80% reported the care as received. Gaps were identified in relation to general practitionerconsultation (1 item), preparation (1 item) subsequent decision making for treatment (1 item), prognosis (6 items), and post-treatment follow-up (1 item).

Conclusions
Areas were identified where actual care fell short of patients’ perceptions of essential care.
Mandibular second premolar distoangulation: a longitudinal follow-up from the mixed to the permanent dentition
Authors: Quevedo Beatriz , Miranda Felicia , Pereira Lauris José Roberto , Ferrari Junior Flavio Mauro , Garib Daniela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of mandibular second premolar (MnP2) distoangulation among orthodontic patients and the angular changes after a longitudinal follow-up.

Methods
The sample was collected from the orthodontic records of 865 patients. The distoangulation group was composed of 42 patients (mean age 9.29 ± 1.24 years, 16 male, 26 female) with distoangulation of MnP2. The control group was composed of 32 patients (mean age 9.38 ± 1.10 years, 15 male, and 17 female) without distoangulation of MnP2. Panoramic radiographs taken in the mixed (T1) and the early permanent dentition (T2) were analyzed in both groups. Longitudinal angular changes (distal angle θ and premolar-molar angle γ), degree of root formation, second premolar depth, and prevalence of associated dental anomalies were analyzed. Intergroup comparison was performed with Mann–Whitney, t-tests, and chi-square tests (P &lt; 0.05).

Results
The prevalence of MnP2 distoangulation in the mixed dentition was 4.85%. The distoangulation group showed a smaller initial distal angle (59.34o ± 8.41) when compared to control group (79.88o ± 7.60). The spontaneous eruption of the MnP2 with distoangulation was observed in 76.57% of the sample. MnP2 distoangulation was significantly associated with agenesis of its antimere, small maxillary lateral incisors, and deciduous molar infraocclusion.

Limitations
Severe cases of MnP2 distoangulation were absent in this study.

Conclusions
The frequency of MnP2 distoangulation among orthodontic patients was 4.85%. Mild to moderate distoangulated Mnp2 spontaneously uprighted from the mixed to the permanent dentition. Small lateral incisors, second premolar agenesis, and infraocclusion of deciduous molar were frequently found in cases with MnP2 distoangulation.
Artificial intelligence in detecting left atrial appendage thrombus by transthoracic echocardiography and clinical features: the Left Atrial Thrombus on Transoesophageal Echocardiography (LATTEE) registry
Authors: Pieszko Konrad , Hiczkiewicz Jarosław , Łojewska Katarzyna , Uziębło-Życzkowska Beata , Krzesiński Paweł , Gawałko Monika , Budnik Monika , Starzyk Katarzyna , Wożakowska-Kapłon Beata , Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz Ludmiła , Kaufmann Damian , Wójcik Maciej , Błaszczyk Robert , Mizia-Stec Katarzyna , Wybraniec Maciej , Kosmalska Katarzyna , Fijałkowski Marcin , Szymańska Anna , Dłużniewski Mirosław , Kucio Michał , Haberka Maciej , Kupczyńska Karolina , Michalski Błażej , Tomaszuk-Kazberuk Anna , Wilk-Śledziewska Katarzyna , Wachnicka-Truty Renata , Koziński Marek , Kwieciński Jacek , Wolny Rafał , Kowalik Ewa , Kolasa Iga , Jurek Agnieszka , Budzianowski Jan , Burchardt Paweł , Kapłon-Cieślicka Agnieszka , Slomka Piotr J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) is often performed before catheter ablation or cardioversion to rule out the presence of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAT) in patients on chronic oral anticoagulation (OAC), despite associated discomfort. A machine learning model [LAT-artificial intelligence (AI)] was developed to predict the presence of LAT based on clinical and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) features.

Methods and results
Data from a 13-site prospective registry of patients who underwent TOE before cardioversion or catheter ablation were used. LAT-AI was trained to predict LAT using data from 12 sites (n = 2827) and tested externally in patients on chronic OAC from two sites (n = 1284). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of LAT-AI were compared with that of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and CHA2DS2-VASc score. A decision threshold allowing for a 99% negative predictive value was defined in the development cohort. A protocol where TOE in patients on chronic OAC is performed depending on the LAT-AI score was validated in the external cohort. In the external testing cohort, LAT was found in 5.5% of patients. LAT-AI achieved an AUC of 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82–0.89], outperforming LVEF (0.81, 95% CI 0.76–0.86, P &lt; .0001) and CHA2DS2-VASc score (0.69, 95% CI: 0.63–0.7, P &lt; .0001) in the entire external cohort. Based on the proposed protocol, 40% of patients on chronic OAC from the external cohort would safely avoid TOE.

Conclusion
LAT-AI allows accurate prediction of LAT. A LAT-AI-based protocol could be used to guide the decision to perform TOE despite chronic OAC.
Plasma angiopoietin-2 and its association with heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Benz Alexander P , Hijazi Ziad , Lindbäck Johan , Connolly Stuart J , Eikelboom John W , Kastner Peter , Ziegler André , Alexander John H , Granger Christopher B , Lopes Renato D , Oldgren Jonas , Siegbahn Agneta , Wallentin Lars 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
Several biomarkers are associated with clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but a causal relationship has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate angiopoietin-2, a novel candidate biomarker of endothelial inflammation and vascular remodelling, in patients with AF.

Methods and results
Angiopoietin-2 was measured in plasma obtained from patients with AF treated with aspirin monotherapy (exploration cohort, n = 2987) or with oral anticoagulation (validation cohort, n = 13 079). Regression models were built to assess the associations between angiopoietin-2, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. In both cohorts, plasma angiopoietin-2 was independently associated with AF on the baseline electrocardiogram and persistent/permanent AF, age, history of heart failure, female sex, tobacco use/smoking, body mass index, renal dysfunction, diabetes, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Angiopoietin-2 was independently associated with subsequent hospitalization for heart failure after adjusting for age, creatinine, and clinical characteristics in the exploration cohort [c-index 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75–0.82; third vs. first quartile, hazard ratio (HR) 1.74, 95% CI 1.26–2.41] and in the validation cohort (c-index 0.76, 95% CI 0.74–0.78; HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.37–1.82). In both cohorts, the association persisted when also adjusting for NT-proBNP (P ≤ 0.001). In full multivariable models also adjusted for NT-proBNP, angiopoietin-2 did not show statistically significant associations with ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular and all-cause death, or major bleeding that were consistent across the two cohorts.

Conclusions
In patients with AF, plasma levels of angiopoietin-2 were independently associated with subsequent hospitalization for heart failure and provided incremental prognostic value to clinical risk factors and NT-proBNP.
Nutrition policy reforms to address the double burden of malnutrition in Zambia: a prospective policy analysis
Authors: Mukanu Mulenga Mary , Mchiza Zandile June-Rose , Delobelle Peter , Thow Anne Marie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The evolution of nutrition patterns in Zambia has resulted in the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition in the same population, the double burden of malnutrition. While Zambia has strong policies addressing undernutrition and stunting, these do not adequately address food environment drivers of the double burden of malnutrition and the adolescent age group and hence the need for nutrition policy reforms. We conducted a theory-based qualitative prospective policy analysis involving in-depth interviews with nutrition policy stakeholders and policy document review to examine the feasibility of introducing nutrition policy options that address the double burden of malnutrition among adolescents to identify barriers and facilitators to such policy reforms. Using the multiple streams theory, we categorized the barriers and facilitators to prospective policy reforms into those related to the problem, policy solutions and politics stream. The use of a life-course approach in nutrition programming could facilitate policy reforms, as adolescence is one of the critical invention points in a person’s lifecycle. Another key facilitator of policy reform was the availability of institutional infrastructure that could be leveraged to deliver adolescent-focused policies. However, the lack of evidence on the burden and long-term impacts of adolescent nutrition problems, the food industry’s strong influence over governments’ policy agenda setting and the lack of public awareness to demand better nutrition were perceived as critical barriers to policy reforms. In addition, the use of the individual responsibility framing for nutrition problems was dominant among stakeholders. As a result, stakeholders did not perceive legislative nutrition policy options that effectively address food environment drivers of the double burden of malnutrition to be feasible for the Zambian context. Policy entrepreneurs are required to broker policy reforms that will get legislative policy options on the government’s agenda as they can help raise public support and re-engineer the framing of nutrition problems and their solutions in Zambia.
JMJD3 and SNAI2 synergistically protect against Parkinson’s disease by mediating the YAP/HIF1α signaling pathway in a mouse model
Authors: Dong Li , Gao Lianbo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the functional relevance and mechanistic basis of the histone demethylase Jumonji domain-containing protein-3 (JMJD3) in preserving dopaminergic neuron survival in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced lesions and MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cell lines exposed to 6-OHDA, respectively, were used to simulate in vivo and in vitro PD-like environments. PD-related genes with differential expressions were identified using RNA sequencing of hippocampal tissues collected from MPTP-lesioned mice. A specific lentiviral shRNA vector was used to investigate the effects of JMJD3 on neuron activities in vitro and PD-like phenotypes in vivo. JMJD3 was found to up-regulate the expression of Snail family transcriptional repressor 2 (SNAI2) through the inhibition of H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27me3) enrichment in the SNAI2 promoter region. As a result, the viability of 6-OHDA-exposed MN9D cells was stimulated, and cell apoptosis was diminished. Knockdown of SNAI2 decreased the expression of yes-associated protein (YAP) and HIF1α while also reducing the viability of 6-OHDA-exposed MN9D cells and increasing cell apoptosis. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that JMJD3 activated the SNAI2/YAP/HIF1α signaling pathway, inhibiting PD-like phenotypes in MPTP-lesioned mice. Thus, the findings provide evidence that JMJD3 inhibits the enrichment of H3K27me3 at the SNAI2 promoter, leading to the upregulation of SNAI2 expression and activation of the YAP/HIF1α signaling pathway, ultimately exerting a protective effect on PD mice. This finding suggests that targeting the JMJD3-SNAI2 pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy for PD. Further in-depth studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and identify potential downstream targets of this pathway.
Combined genome-wide association studies and expression quantitative trait locus analysis uncovers a genetic regulatory network of floral organ number in a tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) breeding population
Authors: Peng Liping , Li Yang , Tan Wanqing , Wu Shangwei , Hao Qing , Tong Ningning , Wang Zhanying , Liu Zheng’an , Shu Qingyan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Great progress has been made in our understanding of floral organ identity determination and its regulatory network in many species; however, the quantitative genetic basis of floral organ number variation is far less well understood for species-specific traits from the perspective of population variation. Here, using a tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews, Paeoniaceae) cultivar population as a model, the phenotypic polymorphism and genetic variation based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis were analyzed. Based on 24 phenotypic traits of 271 representative cultivars, the transcript profiles of 119 cultivars were obtained, which indicated abundant genetic variation in tree peony. In total, 86 GWAS-related cis-eQTLs and 3188 trans-eQTL gene pairs were found to be associated with the numbers of petals, stamens, and carpels. In addition, 19 floral organ number-related hub genes with 121 cis-eQTLs were obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, among which five hub genes belonging to the ABCE genes of the MADS-box family and their spatial–temporal co-expression and regulatory network were constructed. These results not only help our understanding of the genetic basis of floral organ number variation during domestication, but also pave the way to studying the quantitative genetics and evolution of flower organ number and their regulatory network within populations.
Data bias, intelligent systems and criminal justice outcomes
Authors: Arowosegbe Jacob O 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) technology is gaining prominence in the whole gamut of the criminal justice system spanning the processes of crime identification, arrests, prosecution, sentencing and punishment. While the benefits of this are certain, so also are the demerits, especially as manifested in the data bias problem. This article focuses on the nature and impact of data bias in the development and deployment of AI on criminal justice outcomes. The justice outcomes are expressed in terms of injustice created through potential and actual breaches of human rights standards when artificial intelligence systems (AIS) are employed for criminal justice purposes. This ­article advocates a multifaceted approach involving legal, regulatory, trainings and ethical responses in combatting the data bias problem.
Local and timely antimicrobial resistance data for local and national actions: the early implementation of an automated tool for data analysis at local hospital level in Thailand
Authors: Srisuphan Voranadda , Klaytong Preeyarach , Rangsiwutisak Chalida , Tuamsuwan Kritiya , Boonyarit Phairam , Limmathurotsakul Direk 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), hospitals can rarely utilize their own antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data in a timely manner.

Objectives
To evaluate the utility of local AMR data generated by an automated tool in the real-world setting.

Methods
From 16 December 2022 to 10 January 2023, on behalf of the Health Administration Division, Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) Thailand, we trained 26 public tertiary-care and secondary-care hospitals to utilize the AutoMated tool for Antimicrobial resistance Surveillance System (AMASS) with their own microbiology and hospital admission data files via two online meetings, one face-to-face meeting and online support. All meetings were recorded on video, and feedback was analysed.

Results
Twenty-five hospitals successfully generated and shared the AMR reports with the MoPH by 28 February 2023. In 2022, the median frequency of hospital-origin bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) was 129 (range 0–1204), by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) was 1306 (range 0–5432) and by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) was 4472 (range 1460–11 968) per 100 000 patients tested for hospital-origin BSI. The median number of all-cause in-hospital deaths with hospital-origin AMR BSI caused by CREC was 1 (range 0–18), by CRKP was 10 (range 0–77) and by CRAB was 56 (range 7–148). Participating hospitals found that the data obtained could be used to support their antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention control programmes.

Conclusions
Local and timely AMR data are crucial for local and national actions. MoPH Thailand is inviting all 127 public tertiary-care and secondary-care hospitals to utilize the AMASS. Using any appropriate analytical software or tools, all hospitals in LMICs that have electronic data records should analyse and utilize their data for immediate actions.