bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18–65 years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
Authors: Chen Yang , Kang Minji , Kim Hyojin , Xu Wanghong , Lee Jung Eun 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundObesity has become a significant public health problem within China. By observing dietary patterns, an individual’s actual dietary habit of nutrients or foods in combination can be identified. We aimed to examine dietary patterns in relation to the risk of obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) and weight change (average weight change per five years) within a Chinese cohort.MethodsWe analyzed the data from 6,677 adults aged 18–65 years in the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997–2015. Westernized, traditional Chinese, and high-starch plant-based dietary patterns were identified by principal components analysis. We estimated relative risks (RRs) and least-squares means (LS-means) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Cox proportional hazards models and the generalized linear models, respectively.ResultsHigh adherence to the Westernized dietary pattern was associated with increased risks of obesity and weight gain. Comparing top with bottom quintiles, RR (95% CI) for obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was 1.57 (1.26–1.95; P for trend < 0.001). LS-means of weight change (kg/5 years) were 1.73 (0.98–2.47) and 1.13 (0.39–1.87; P for trend = 0.036) in the top and bottom quintiles, respectively. Increased weight gain among those following the Westernized dietary pattern was stronger in the Southern region than the Northern region. There was a slight hint of an inverse association between the traditional Chinese dietary pattern and obesity. We did not find any significant association for the high-starch plant-based dietary pattern.ConclusionsThe Westernized dietary pattern increased the risk of obesity among Chinese adults. Weight gain associated with Western dietary pattern was more pronounced in the Southern region than in the Northern region. Our study will provide helpful data in developing dietary guidelines for the prevention of obesity specific to different regions in China.
Targeted next-generation sequencing has incremental value in the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspect pancreatic masses; a multi-center prospective cross sectional study
Authors: Achterberg Friso B. , Mulder Babs G. Sibinga , Janssen Quisette P. , Koerkamp Bas Groot , Hol Lieke , Quispel Rutger , Bonsing Bert A. , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , van Eijck Casper H. J. , Roos Daphne , Perk Lars E. , van der Harst Erwin , Coene Peter-Paul L. O. , Doukas Michail , Smedts Frank M. M. , Kliffen Mike , van Velthuysen Marie-Louise F. , Terpstra Valeska , Sarasqueta Arantza Farina , Morreau Hans , Mieog J. Sven D. 
Published: January 2023

Background
The diagnostic process of patients with suspect pancreatic lesions is often lengthy and prone to repeated diagnostic procedures due to inconclusive results. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) performed on cytological material obtained with fine needle aspiration (FNA) or biliary duct brushing can speed up this process. Here, we study the incremental value of NGS for establishing the correct diagnosis, and subsequent treatment plan in patients with inconclusive diagnosis after regular diagnostic work-up for suspect pancreatic lesions.

Methods
In this prospective cross-sectional cohort study, patients were screened for inclusion in four hospitals. NGS was performed with AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 and v4b in patients with inconclusive cytology results or with an uncertain diagnosis. Diagnostic results were evaluated by the oncology pancreatic multidisciplinary team. The added value of NGS was determined by comparing diagnosis (malignancy, cystic lesion or benign condition) and proposed treatment plan (exploration/resection, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, follow-up, palliation or repeated FNA) before and after integration of NGS results. Final histopathological analysis or a 6-month follow-up period were used as the reference standard in case of surgical intervention or non-invasive treatment, respectively.

Results
In 50 of the 53 included patients, cytology material was sufficient for NGS analysis. Diagnosis before and after integration of NGS results differed in 24% of the patients. The treatment plan was changed in 32% and the diagnosis was substantiated by the NGS data in 44%. Repetition of FNA/brushing was prevented in 14% of patients. All changes in treatment plan were correctly made after integration of NGS. Integration of NGS increased overall diagnostic accuracy from 68% to 94%.

Interpretation
This study demonstrates the incremental diagnostic value of NGS in patients with an initial inconclusive diagnosis. Integration of NGS results can prevent repeated EUS/FNA, and can also rigorously change the final diagnosis and treatment plan.
Environmental Education to Preserve the Environment in Current Legislation in Angola
Authors: Fazenda Augusto José 
Published: January 2023

In Angola, the environmental problem is manifested as an explicit concern, so that, in the Basic Law of the Environment, it is directed that all citizens have the right and the duty to receive environmental education for better understand the phenomena of environmental balance, an essential basis for conscious action in defense of the National Environmental Policy.
The present study aims to identify the existing guidelines in the legislation in force in Angola for environmental education and the preservation of the environment, as well as the contradictions that occur in local community participation, in this context. In the investigation, the review of laws and decrees, interviews with local rulers and participant observation were used as methods. The study allowed us to conclude that in the legislation in force in Angola there are sufficient guidelines for environmental education and the preservation of the environment, but for the creation of a healthy environment there are weaknesses in local community participation, mainly due to the negligence of some of the local governments that aggravate the situation, due to the non-compliance with the norms for the preservation of the environment and the inadequacies in the incorporation of environmental education in the educational process that guarantees the local community participation in the defense of the national environmental policy.
How dietary amino acids and high protein diets influence insulin secretion
Authors: Yanagisawa Yuuki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlucose homeostasis is the maintenance and regulation of blood glucose concentration within a tight physiological range, essential for the functioning of most tissues and organs. This is primarily achieved by pancreatic secretion of insulin and glucagon. Deficient pancreatic endocrine function, coupled with or without peripheral insulin resistance leads to prolonged hyperglycemia with chronic impairment of glucose homeostasis, most commonly seen in diabetes mellitus. High protein diets (HPDs) are thought to modulate glucose homeostasis through various metabolic pathways. Insulin secretion can be directly modulated by the amino acid products of protein digestion, which activate nutrient receptors and nutrient transporters expressed by the endocrine pancreas. Insulin secretion can also be modulated indirectly, through incretin release from enteroendocrine cells, and via vagal neuronal pathways. Additionally, glucose homeostasis can be promoted by the satiating effects of anorectic hormones released following HPD consumption. This review summarizes the insulinotropic mechanisms by which amino acids and HPDs may influence glucose homeostasis, with a particular focus on their applicability in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
What Is the European Central Bank Supposed to Do?
Authors: Hartwell Christopher Andrew 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In July 2021, the European Central Bank (ECB) published a new monetary policy strategy, the first time in 17 years that it had undertaken a review of its monetary policy. In the intervening time, the world – and the economic challenges facing the ECB – have changed immensely but partly as a result of the ECB’s own maneuvering. In particular, monetary policy has been relied upon for every single malaise facing the global economy, including and up to the coronavirus pandemic. This paper argues that a review of central banks as an institutional mechanism in general, and in particular the ECB, was overdue but should not have been limited to policies; instead, an opportunity was missed to have an institutional review to examine whether or not it has been performing as intended. In particular, the vast experiment of unconventional monetary policy/issuance should have been more scrutinized from an institutional level as it appears to have contributed to the current problems the European economy faces. Europe and the ECB would be well served by taking stock of its actions over the past two decades and especially during the era of unconventional monetary policy to find a sustainable route forward.
Nursing students’ achievement emotions in association with clinical practicums and alternative learning
Authors: Kim Eun Jin , Roh Young Sook 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to identify and compare nursing students’ achievement emotions associated with clinical practicums and alternative learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This cross-sectional, descriptive study enrolled 236 nursing students. Participants completed a web-based, self-administered survey regarding achievement emotions. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to calculate mean differences in achievement emotions associated with clinical practicums and alternative learning.

Results
Nursing students who undertook e-learning reported higher negative achievement emotions than those who experienced other alternative learning modalities. Higher achievement emotions were associated with clinical practicums than with alternative learning. The most frequently reported negative emotions were anxiety associated with clinical practicums and boredom with alternative learning.

Conclusions
Nurse educators should design and implement supportive clinical learning experiences to engender productive achievement emotions. Implications for an international audience: Nurse educators should play roles in providing well-designed and supportive clinical learning environments to help nursing students regulate achievement emotions.
On Whitehead’s cut vertex lemma
Authors: Lyman Rylee Alanza 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne version of Whitehead’s famous cut vertex lemma says that if an element of a free group is part of a free basis, then a certain graph associated to its conjugacy class that we call the star graph is either disconnected or has a cut vertex. We state and prove a version of this lemma for conjugacy classes of elements and convex-cocompact subgroups of groups acting cocompactly on trees with finitely generated edge stabilizers.
Effect of calcined diatomaceous earth, polypropylene fiber, and glass fiber on the mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete
Authors: Hasan Muttaqin , Saidi Taufiq , Mubarak Azzaki , Jamil Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, the effects of calcined diatomaceous earth (CDE), polypropylene fiber (PF), and glass fiber (GF) on the mechanical properties of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) were observed, and a total of 33 UHPFRC mixtures, consisting of 3 mixtures without fiber, 15 mixtures with PF, and 15 mixtures with GF were prepared. Subsequently, the fresh concrete mixtures were tested for flow, while the hardened concrete specimen’s mechanical properties were analyzed. These tests include compression, splitting tensile, and flexural tests. The test results showed that the use of 5 and 10% CDE as a binder for cement replacement improved the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of the UHPFRC. Furthermore, the addition of PF and GF contents of up to 1% of the concrete volume increased the compressive strength of the UHPFRC, while their contents of up to 1.5% improved their splitting tensile strength and flexural strength. It is also important to note that the workability of the UHPFRC reduced as the fiber and CDE contents increased. Finally, based on the experimental data tested in this study, the relationship between splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength of the UHPFRC containing PF and GF were proposed. Moreover, the reduction in flow value, which is a function of the volumetric content of both PF and GF, with the CDE contents was also proposed.
Assessment of the relevance of osmolality measurement as a criterion for the stability of solutions
Authors: Vigneron Jean , Sacrez Matthieu , D’Huart Élise , Demoré Béatrice 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The measurement of osmolality is used by many authors as an additional stability criterion of a drug in solution. In the current state of knowledge, no scientific publication correlates the osmolality values and the stability of a solution. To study the relevance of this analytical technique by measuring the osmolality of injectable solutions whose instability has been chemically demonstrated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Methods
Selection of 13 drug preparations whose chemical instability has been demonstrated in the literature. Realization of three identical samples per selected preparation and measurements of the osmolality of the freshly prepared solutions, then, at various storage times until a chemical degradation of the molecule validated by HPLC of at least 10% and possibly up to 40%.

Results
Measurements of the osmolality were performed on five antibiotics (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefepime, cefoxitine, meropenem and temocillin and cefoxitin) and five anticancer drugs (azacitidine, bendamustine, busulfan, fotemustine and oxaliplatin). Osmolality varied from −6.30 to 11.10% for antibiotics and from 0.57 to 2.04%.

Conclusions
Among the preparations tested, only two formulations have a variation in osmolality in accordance with the chemical degradation. For the other 11 formulas, the variations in osmolality values where not correlated with the degradation measured by HPLC. In view of these results, osmolality does not seem to be a criterion of choice for the study of drug stability. In the majority of the unstable solutions studied, the variation of osmolality measurements does not correlate with the loss of concentration and the appearance of degradation products.
Progress in preparation and ablation resistance of ultra-high-temperature ceramics modified C/C composites for extreme environment
Authors: Zhu Shibu , Zhang Guangxi , Bao Yanling , Sun Danyu , Zhang Qiang , Meng Xiangli , Hu Yang , Yan Liansheng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites have received considerable attention for one of the most promising materials in thermal-structural applications owing to their low density, excellent mechanical strength at high temperature, and superior thermal shock resistance. However, C/C composites are susceptible to destructive oxidation in atmospheric environment at high temperature. Matrix modification by adding ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) into carbon substrate has been proved to be a favorable route to achieve the improved ablation resistance of C/C composites. In this work, the main fabrication approaches of UHTCs-modified C/C composites were summarized, including chemical vapor infiltration/deposition, precursor infiltration and pyrolysis, reactive melt infiltration, and slurry infiltration, and the advantages and drawbacks of each process were also briefly analyzed. In addition, anti-ablation properties of UHTCs-modified C/C composites under different ablation tests with different shape specimens were introduced. Finally, some likely future challenges and research directions in the development and application of these materials were presented.
Peroxynitrite Contributes to Behavioral Responses, Increased Trigeminal Excitability, and Changes in Mitochondrial Function in a Preclinical Model of Migraine
Authors: Lackovic Jacob , Jeevakumar Vivek , Burton Michael , Price Theodore J. , Dussor Gregory 
Published: January 2023

Administration of a nitric oxide (NO) donor triggers migraine attacks, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. Reactive nitroxidative species, including NO and peroxynitrite (PN), have been implicated in nociceptive sensitization, and neutralizing PN is antinociceptive. We determined whether PN contributes to nociceptive responses in two distinct models of migraine headache. Female and male mice were subjected to 3 consecutive days of restraint stress or to dural stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6. Following resolution of the initial poststimulus behavioral responses, animals were tested for hyperalgesic priming using a normally non-noxious dose of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or dural pH 7.0, respectively. We measured periorbital von Frey and grimace responses in both models and measured stress-induced changes in 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) expression (a marker for PN activity) and trigeminal ganglia (TGs) mitochondrial function. Additionally, we recorded the neuronal activity of TGs in response to the PN generator SIN-1 [5-amino-3-(4-morpholinyl)−1,2,3-oxadiazolium chloride]. We then tested the effects of the PN decomposition catalysts Fe(III)5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin (FeTMPyP) and FeTPPS [Fe(III)5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato chloride], or the PN scavenger MnTBAP [Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin] against these behavioral, molecular, and neuronal changes. Neutralizing PN attenuated stress-induced periorbital hypersensitivity and priming to SNP, with no effect on priming to dural pH 7.0. These compounds also prevented stress-induced increases in 3-NT expression in both the TGs and dura mater, and attenuated TG neuronal hyperexcitability caused by SIN-1. Surprisingly, FeTMPyP attenuated changes in TG mitochondrial function caused by SNP in stressed males only. Together, these data strongly implicate PN in migraine mechanisms and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting PN.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAmong the most reliable experimental triggers of migraine are nitric oxide donors. The mechanisms by which nitric oxide triggers attacks are unclear but may be because of reactive nitroxidative species such as peroxynitrite. Using mouse models of migraine headache, we show that peroxynitrite-modulating compounds attenuate behavioral, neuronal, and molecular changes caused by repeated stress and nitric oxide donors (two of the most common triggers of migraine in humans). Additionally, our results show a sex-specific regulation of mitochondrial function by peroxynitrite following stress, providing novel insight into the ways in which peroxynitrite may contribute to migraine-related mechanisms. Critically, our data underscore the potential in targeting peroxynitrite formation as a novel therapeutic for the treatment of migraine headache.
Tumour-induced osteomalacia: 18 months of 2-weekly burosumab treatment
Authors: Aliberti L , Gagliardi I , Pontrelli M , Zatelli M C , Ambrosio M R 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is due to an overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by mesenchymal tumours, causing hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia and muscle weakness. TIO is usually cured by tumour resection, but neoplasms may be unidentifiable and unresectable or the patient may refuse surgery. In these cases, medical treatment with oral phosphate and calcitriol is mandatory, but it is not fully effective and it is associated with low compliance. Burosumab, a human MAB against FGF23 employed to treat X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), has recently been approved for TIO in the USA. Maximum burosumab dose in XLH is 90 mg administered for 2 weeks; there are no data on clinical efficacy and safety of this dose in TIO. We reported the case of a 73 years old male with multiple non-traumatic fractures, low bone mineral density, pain and reduced independence of activities of daily living. Biochemical evaluation showed hypophosphatemia, high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and normal albumin-corrected total calcium and parathyroid hormone. Tubular phosphate reabsorption was low (80%), whereas C-terminal tail of FGF23 (cFGF23) was elevated. A 68Ga-DOTATOC PET was performed, identifying a lesion in the first left rib. The patient refused surgery; therefore, burosumab therapy was started. After 18 months of treatment (maximum dose: 60 mg administered for 2 weeks), plasma phosphate normalized and ALP levels improved (138 U/L). Patient clinical symptoms as well as pain severity and fatigue improved. Neither adverse events nor tumour progression was reported during follow-up except for a painless fracture of the second right rib.

Learning points

Our case shows efficacy and safety of burosumab treatment administered every 2 weeks in a tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO) patient.

After 18 months of treatment at a maximum dose of 60 mg every 2 weeks, we found plasma phosphate normalization and ALP reduction as well as improvement in clinical symptoms and fatigue.

Neither adverse events nor tumour progression was reported during follow-up, except for a painless fracture of the second right rib.
Proportion of Infant Neurodevelopment Trials Reporting a Null Finding: A Systematic Review
Authors: Finch-Edmondson Megan , Paton Madison C.B. , Honan Ingrid , Galea Claire , Webb Annabel , Novak Iona , Badawi Nadia , Trivedi Amit 
Published: January 2023

CONTEXT
Discovering new interventions to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes is a priority; however, clinical trials are challenging and methodological issues may impact the interpretation of intervention efficacy.

OBJECTIVES
Characterize the proportion of infant neurodevelopment trials reporting a null finding and identify features that may contribute to a null result.

DATA SOURCES
The Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases.

STUDY SELECTION
Randomized controlled trials recruiting infants aged &lt;6 months comparing any “infant-directed” intervention against standard care, placebo, or another intervention. Neurodevelopment assessed as the primary outcome between 12 months and 10 years of age using a defined list of tools.

DATA EXTRACTION
Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality of included studies.

RESULTS
Of n = 1283 records screened, 21 studies (from 20 reports) were included. Of 18 superiority studies, &gt;70% reported a null finding. Features were identified that may have contributed to the high proportion of null findings, including selection and timing of the primary outcome measure, anticipated effect size, sample size and power, and statistical analysis methodology and rigor.

LIMITATIONS
Publication bias against null studies means the proportion of null findings is likely underestimated. Studies assessing neurodevelopment as a secondary or within a composite outcome were excluded.

CONCLUSIONS
This review identified a high proportion of infant neurodevelopmental trials that produced a null finding and detected several methodological and design considerations which may have contributed. We make several recommendations for future trials, including more sophisticated approaches to trial design, outcome assessment, and analysis.
Prawo naturalne fundamentem każdego prawa?
Authors: Gałkowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the problem articulated in the title, but limiting the realm of discussion to three fields: law made by man, the Divine law, and human rights. First the author made an effort at answering the questions: Does the natural law exist?, and if yes, what exactly is it? The findings of the article are as follows: 1) human law is one of the forms of communication among rational humans, 2) every law must measure up to universal moral standards, 3) sense of justice, right and honest law are the fundaments of every man-made law.