bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration Inequalities for Output Statistics of Quantum Markov Processes
Authors: Girotti Federico , Garrahan Juan P. , Guţă Mădălin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe derive new concentration bounds for time averages of measurement outcomes in quantum Markov processes. This generalizes well-known bounds for classical Markov chains, which provide constraints on finite-time fluctuations of time-additive quantities around their averages. We employ spectral, perturbation and martingale techniques, together with non-commutative $$L_2$$

L
2

theory, to derive: (i) a Bernstein-type concentration bound for time averages of the measurement outcomes of a quantum Markov chain, (ii) a Hoeffding-type concentration bound for the same process, (iii) a generalization of the Bernstein-type concentration bound for counting processes of continuous-time quantum Markov processes, (iv) new concentration bounds for empirical fluxes of classical Markov chains which broaden the range of applicability of the corresponding classical bounds beyond empirical averages. We also suggest potential application of our results to parameter estimation and consider extensions to reducible quantum channels, multi-time statistics and time-dependent measurements, and comment on the connection to so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relations.
Navigiert oder konventionell in der Acetabulumchirurgie
Authors: Pagano Stefano , Müller Karolina , Alt Volker , Maderbacher Günther , Holzapfel Dominik E. , Baumann Florian , Freigang Viola 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Behandlungsprinzip der gelenkerhaltenden Therapie von Acetabulumfrakturen ist die anatomische Reposition der gelenktragenden Elemente und die interne Osteosynthese. Um den vorderen und den hinteren Pfeiler gegeneinander zu stabilisieren, wird die infraazetabuläre Schraube (IAS) im klinischen Alltag regelhaft eingesetzt.

Ziel
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist es, die Lage der IAS im infraazetabulären Korridor nach navigierter Platzierung mit der nach Freihandplatzierung zu vergleichen.

Material und Methode
Die Lage der Schraube wurde bei 42 Patienten mithilfe multiplanarer Rekonstruktionen evaluiert. Bei 30 Patienten wurde diese freihandplatziert, bei 12 Patienten mittels bildgestützter Navigation. Neben der Vermessung der Schraubenlage wurden demografische Daten, Operationszeit, Strahlenbelastung sowie Blutverlust erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Der überwiegende Teil der Patienten war männlich (86 %), das mediane Alter lag bei 67 Jahren und der mediane BMI bei 25 kg/m2. Die mediane Operationszeit betrug 166 min, und die mediane Blutverlustmenge lag bei 900 ml. Die adjustierten Werte in der gesamten Stichprobe bezüglich der Position der Schrauben lagen bei: Abstand Schraube zum Knorpel Mittelwert (MW) = 3,8 mm, Abstand Schraube zum Korridorzentrum MW = 3,5 mm, Winkel Schraube zum Korridor MW = 1,4°. Die zwei Gruppen unterschieden sich nicht in den demografischen Parametern sowie in der Genauigkeit der Positionierung der Schrauben (p-Werte > 0,05). In der navigierten Gruppe zeigten sich eine längere Strahlungszeit und höhere Strahlendosis im Vergleich zur Gruppe ohne Navigation (p-Werte < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerung
Die beiden Verfahren sind bei entsprechender Erfahrung hinsichtlich der Genauigkeit vergleichbar. Hinsichtlich weiterer perioperativer Parameter wie Strahlenbelastung und geplanter Operationsdauer sollten auch patientenbezogene Faktoren berücksichtigt werden.
History of the management of talar fractures: from the fall of king Darius to Garibaldi’s bullet and from the earliest to current operative strategies
Authors: Biz Carlo , Crimì Alberto , Refolo Mariapaola , Zinnarello Felicia Deborah , Scapinello Davide , Cerchiaro Mariachiara , Ruggieri Pietro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This historical review aims to highlight the important roles of the talus in antiquity and to summarise the multiple attempts of managing talar fractures throughout history.

Method
Archaeological, religious, artistic, literary, historical and scientific accounts were searched for the descriptions of talus fractures in different eras and their treatments to provide a thorough analysis of the evolution of trauma care up to the present.

Results
This review shows how the talus has always had an important role in several societies: it was used as a die or considered to have a divinatory function in Mesopotamian civilisations, among Greeks and Romans, in Mongolia and in pre-Columbian Americas. Famous talus fractures are recorded in Herodotus’ Histories and in the Acts of the Apostles. We report the earliest injuries described and the first operative managements between 1600 and 1800, including the one that saved Garibaldi’s life in 1862, until the modern osteosynthesis by the first screws and nails and the current fixation by plating.

Conclusion
The blooming of orthopaedic surgery at the end of nineteenth century and the high volume of traumas managed in the World Wars brought a better understanding of fracture patterns and their operative treatment. By the work of Hawkins and his classification, the introduction of the CT scan, a better knowledge of injury modalities and bone vascularisation, these challenging injuries finally land in the contemporary era without mysteries. The subsequently developed surgical procedures, although not guaranteeing success, greatly reduce the risk of necrosis and complication rate, improving patient outcomes.
Correlation between traumatic pelvic ring injuries and sexual dysfunctions: a multicentric retrospective study
Authors: Rovere Giuseppe , Smakaj Amarildo , Perna Andrea , De Mauro Domenico , Are Lorenzo , Meccariello Luigi , Fidanza Andrea , Erasmo Rocco , Falez Francesco , Maccauro Giulio , Liuzza Francesco 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Among the functional impairments associated with pelvic ring injuries (PRI), sexual dysfunction (SD) is a common clinical issue. The aim of this study is to investigate correlations between traumatic PRI, genitourinary, and sexual dysfunctions, for a proper multidisciplinary treatment.

Methods
We performed an observational, multicentric study, from January 2020 to 2022. We conducted a follow-up after surgery at three, six, 12, and 24 months by measuring the Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX), the Majeed Score, and the SF-12. Descriptive statistics was conducted on T-test, Whelc’s test, and one-way ANOVA which were performed when appropriate.

Results
A total of 76 patients (mean age 42.17 ± 15 years) were included in the study and allocated into three groups (A, B, and C). Tile A group revealed good sexual outcomes, similar to that of healthy patients. Tile B group demonstrated worsen SD than the previous group. In Tile C group, there was a longer average duration of the orthopaedic surgery when compared to group B. However, in terms of SDs, statistical significance could not be demonstrated between groups C and B.

Conclusions
We observed a progressive spontaneous recovery of sexual function, corresponding to each PRI group. Moreover, men classified as B2 had milder SDs than B1 male patients.
Conservative treatment for high-risk NMIBC failing BCG treatment: who benefits from adding electromotive drug administration (EMDA) of mitomycin C (MMC) to a second BCG induction cycle?
Authors: Busetto Gian Maria , Finati Marco , Chirico Marco , Cinelli Francesco , D’Altilia Nicola , Falagario Ugo G. , Sanguedolce Francesca , Del Giudice Francesco , De Berardinis Ettore , Ferro Matteo , Crocetto Felice , Porreca Angelo , Di Gianfrancesco Luca , Calo’ Beppe , Mancini Vito , Bettocchi Carlo , Carrieri Giuseppe , Cormio Luigi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard treatment for high-risk non muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) failing first BCG treatment. A second BCG course is an option for those patients who refuse RC or are not eligible for it, but its success rate is quite low. Aim of the present study was to determine whether the addition of intravesical electromotive drug administration of mytomicin-C (EMDA-MMC) improved the efficacy of second BCG course.

Methods
Patients with high-risk NMIBC having failed first BCG treatment and having refused RC were offered a second BCG induction course either alone (group A) or combined with EMDA-MMC (group B). Recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were tested.

Results
Of the 80 evaluable patients, 44 were in group A and 36 in group B; median follow-up was 38 months. RFS was significantly worse in group A whereas there was no difference in PFS and CSS between the two groups. Stratifying by disease stage, Ta patients receiving combined treatment had statistically better RFS and PFS survival than those receiving BCG only; this difference did not apply to T1 patients. Multivariable analysis confirmed that combined treatment was a significant predictor of recurrence and was close to predict progression. No tested variable was predictive of recurrence or progression in T1 tumours. Among those who underwent RC, CSS was 61.5% in those who had progression and 100% in those who remained with NMIBC.

Conclusion
Combined treatment improved RFS and PFS only in patients with Ta disease.
Ab-interno-Trabekulotomie ohne/mit Kataraktoperation – Eine Therapiealternative vor bzw. anstatt Trabekulektomie bei Patienten mit hohen Augeninnendrücken?
Authors: Baumgarten Sabine , Lohmann Tibor , Prinz Julia , Walter Peter , Plange Niklas , Fuest Matthias 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Trabekulotomie mit dem Kahook-Messer ist ein neues Ab-interno-Verfahren der minimal-invasiven Glaukomchirurgie (MIGS). MIGS werden in der Regel bei frühen bis intermediären Glaukomen eingesetzt. In dieser retrospektiven Studie analysierten wir allerdings die Reduktion von Intraokulardruck (IOD) und topischer Glaukommedikation (Meds) durch die Kahook-Trabekulotomie (TO) ohne (n = 19) oder mit (n = 18) kombinierter Kataraktoperation (Cat-TO) als Initialintervention vor bzw. zur Vermeidung der filtrierenden Glaukomchirurgie.

Material und Methoden
Es wurden 37 Augen von 37 Patienten untersucht, bei denen an mindestens 2 Untersuchungen trotz maximal tolerierbarer Meds IOD-Werte > 21 mm Hg gemessen wurden. Die Cat-TO wurde in 18 phaken Augen (primäres Offenwinkelglaukom [POWG] = 11, Pseudoexfoliationsglaukom [PEX] = 5, okuläre Hypertension [OHT] = 2) durchgeführt. In 19 pseudophaken Augen (POWG = 12, PEX = 6, OHT = 1) wurde eine isolierte TO durchgeführt. Der absolute Erfolg (keine Meds) und der relative Erfolg (unabhängig von Meds) für IOD ≤ 21 mm Hg, ≤ 18 mm Hg, ≤ 16 mm Hg wurden nach 2, 6 und 12 Monaten postoperativ evaluiert.

Ergebnisse
Der IOD wurde signifikant von präoperativ zu 2 Monate nach Cat-TO als auch nach TO gesenkt (Cat-TO: 26,8 ± 5,9 mm Hg auf 16,0 ± 2,9 mm Hg, p < 0,001; TO: IOD 28,2 ± 5,6 mm Hg auf 16,3 ± 3,5 mm Hg, p < 0,001). Die Meds-Reduktion war nach Cat-TO als auch nach TO nicht signifikant (Cat-TO: 2,1 ± 1,3 auf 1,3 ± 1,3, p = 0,11; TO: Meds 2,7 ± 1,1 auf 2,2 ± 1,3, p = 0,23). Jedoch war die Meds-Reduktion nach 6 und 12 Monaten signifikant größer in der Cat-TO-Gruppe verglichen mit der TO-Gruppe (p = 0,02). IOD und Meds änderten sich nicht signifikant von der 2‑Monats- zur 6‑ und 12-Monats-Visite. Nach Cat-TO war der relative Erfolg nach 12 Monaten für IOD ≤ 18 mm Hg 61 % (11/18) und für IOD ≤ 16 mm Hg 28 % (5/18). Der relative Erfolg nach 12 Monaten für die TO lag bei 47 % (9/19) für IOD ≤18 mm Hg und 26 % (5/19) für IOD ≤ 16 mm Hg. Bei 7 Patienten in der TO und 2 Patienten in der Cat-TO-Gruppe war die Intervention nicht ausreichend (IOD zweimalig > 21 mm Hg).

Schlussfolgerungen
Die 12-Monats-Daten zeigen, dass die TO also auch die Cat-TO ([Cat-]TO) ein wirksamer minimal-invasiver Eingriff ist, um eine Trabekulektomie hinauszuzögern oder sogar zu verhindern. Bei Tropfunverträglichkeiten und Zieldruckwerten ≤ 16 mm Hg ist die (Cat‑)TO nicht ausreichend.
Visual learning in tethered bees modifies flight orientation and is impaired by epinastine
Authors: Kobayashi Norihiro , Hasegawa Yuji , Okada Ryuichi , Sakura Midori 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVisual-orientation learning of a tethered flying bee was investigated using a flight simulator and a novel protocol in which orientation preference toward trained visual targets was assessed in tests performed before and after appetitive conditioning. Either a blue or a green rectangle (conditioned stimulus, CS) was associated with 30% sucrose solution (unconditioned stimulus, US), whereas the other rectangle was not paired with US. Bees were tested in a closed-looped flight simulator 5 min after ten pairings of the US and CS. Conditioned bees were preferentially oriented to the CS after such training. This increase in preference for CS was maintained for 24 h, indicating the presence of long-term memory. Because the total orienting time was not altered by conditioning, conditioning did not enhance orientation activity itself but increased the relative time for orientation to CS. When 0.4 or 4 mM epinastine (an antagonist of octopamine receptors) was injected into the bee’s head 30 min prior to the experiment, both short- and long-term memory formation were significantly impaired, suggesting that octopamine, which is crucial for appetitive olfactory learning in insects, is also involved in visual orientation learning.
New Orthogonality Relations for Super-Jack Polynomials and an Associated Lassalle–Nekrasov Correspondence
Authors: Hallnäs Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe super-Jack polynomials, introduced by Kerov, Okounkov and Olshanski, are polynomials in $$n+m$$

n
+
m

variables, which reduce to the Jack polynomials when $$n=0$$

n
=
0

or $$m=0$$

m
=
0

and provide joint eigenfunctions of the quantum integrals of the deformed trigonometric Calogero–Moser–Sutherland system. We prove that the super-Jack polynomials are orthogonal with respect to a bilinear form of the form $$(p,q)\mapsto (L_pq)(0)$$

(
p
,
q
)

↦

(

L
p

q
)

(
0
)

, with $$L_p$$

L
p

quantum integrals of the deformed rational Calogero–Moser–Sutherland system. In addition, we provide a new proof of the Lassalle–Nekrasov correspondence between deformed trigonometric and rational harmonic Calogero–Moser–Sutherland systems and infer orthogonality of super-Hermite polynomials, which provide joint eigenfunctions of the latter system.
The impact of time-of-day reperfusion on remote ischemic conditioning in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a RIC-STEMI substudy
Authors: Pires Carla Marques , Lamas Diana , Gaspar António , Lourenço André P. , Antunes Nuno , Marques Jorge , Leite-Moreira Adelino F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDaytime variation affects the tolerance of cardiomyocytes to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). This study aims to evaluate the impact of time-of-day reperfusion on clinical outcomes of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) as an adjuvant to primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients. A post-hoc analysis of a prospective, single-center parallel 1:1 randomized trial (RIC-STEMI) was performed. This analysis included 448 STEMI patients previously randomized to either PPCI alone (PPCI group) (n = 217) or RIC as an adjuvant to PPCI (RIC + PPCI group) (n = 231). Moreover, the sample was divided according to the time of PPCI: night-morning (22 h-11h59min) (n = 216) or afternoon (12 h-21h59min) (n = 232) groups. The primary follow-up endpoint was a composite of cardiac death and hospitalization due to heart failure. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics and the follow-up outcomes between groups. The afternoon period (HR = 0.474; 95% CI 0.230–0.977; p = 0.043) and RIC (HR = 0.423; 95% CI 0.195–0.917; p = 0.029) were independent predictors of the primary follow-up endpoint. An univariate analysis showed a lower frequency of primary follow-up endpoint, just in the afternoon period (10.3%vs0.9%; p = 0.002), in the RIC + PPCI group. A multivariate analysis revealed that RIC was an independent predictor of the primary follow-up endpoint in the afternoon group (HR = 0.098; 95% CI 0.012–0.785; p = 0.029), but not in the night-morning group. In addition, the afternoon period was not an independent predictor of the primary follow-up endpoint when the multivariate analysis was performed in the PPCI group. In conclusion, this study showed an important cardioprotective effect of RIC, namely in the afternoon period, suggesting that the afternoon period enhances the cardioprotection induced by RIC.
User interfaces for actuated scope maneuvering in surgical systems: a scoping review
Authors: Hamza Hawa , Baez Victor M. , Al-Ansari Abdulla , Becker Aaron T. , Navkar Nikhil V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundA variety of human computer interfaces are used by robotic surgical systems to control and actuate camera scopes during minimally invasive surgery. The purpose of this review is to examine the different user interfaces used in both commercial systems and research prototypes.MethodsA comprehensive scoping review of scientific literature was conducted using PubMed and IEEE Xplore databases to identify user interfaces used in commercial products and research prototypes of robotic surgical systems and robotic scope holders. Papers related to actuated scopes with human–computer interfaces were included. Several aspects of user interfaces for scope manipulation in commercial and research systems were reviewed.ResultsScope assistance was classified into robotic surgical systems (for multiple port, single port, and natural orifice) and robotic scope holders (for rigid, articulated, and flexible endoscopes). Benefits and drawbacks of control by different user interfaces such as foot, hand, voice, head, eye, and tool tracking were outlined. In the review, it was observed that hand control, with its familiarity and intuitiveness, is the most used interface in commercially available systems. Control by foot, head tracking, and tool tracking are increasingly used to address limitations, such as interruptions to surgical workflow, caused by using a hand interface.ConclusionIntegrating a combination of different user interfaces for scope manipulation may provide maximum benefit for the surgeons. However, smooth transition between interfaces might pose a challenge while combining controls.
The role of tyrosine hydroxylase as a key player in neuromelanin synthesis and the association of neuromelanin with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Nagatsu Toshiharu , Nakashima Akira , Watanabe Hirohisa , Ito Shosuke , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Zucca Fabio A. , Zecca Luigi , Youdim Moussa , Wulf Maximilian , Riederer Peter , Dijkstra Johannes M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe dark pigment neuromelanin (NM) is abundant in cell bodies of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) in the human brain. During the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD), together with the degeneration of the respective catecholamine (CA) neurons, the NM levels in the SN and LC markedly decrease. However, questions remain among others on how NM is associated with PD and how it is synthesized. The biosynthesis pathway of NM in the human brain has been controversial because the presence of tyrosinase in CA neurons in the SN and LC has been elusive. We propose the following NM synthesis pathway in these CA neurons: (1) Tyrosine is converted by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), which is converted by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase to DA, which in LC neurons is converted by dopamine β-hydroxylase to NE; (2) DA or NE is autoxidized to dopamine quinone (DAQ) or norepinephrine quinone (NEQ); and (3) DAQ or NEQ is converted to eumelanic NM (euNM) and pheomelanic NM (pheoNM) in the absence and presence of cysteine, respectively. This process involves proteins as cysteine source and iron. We also discuss whether the NM amounts per neuromelanin-positive (NM+) CA neuron are higher in PD brain, whether NM quantitatively correlates with neurodegeneration, and whether an active lifestyle may reduce NM formation.
Natural Disturbances are Essential Determinants of Tree-Related Microhabitat Availability in Temperate Forests
Authors: Zemlerová Veronika , Kozák Daniel , Mikoláš Martin , Svitok Marek , Bače Radek , Smyčková Marie , Buechling Arne , Martin Maxence , Larrieu Laurent , Paillet Yoan , Roibu Catalin-Constantin , Petritan Ion Catalin , Čada Vojtěch , Ferenčík Matej , Frankovič Michal , Gloor Rhiannon , Hofmeister Jeňýk , Janda Pavel , Kameniar Ondrej , Majdanová Linda , Markuljaková Katka , Matula Radim , Mejstřík Marek , Rydval Miloš , Vostarek Ondřej , Svoboda Miroslav 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAssessing the impacts of natural disturbance on the functioning of complex forest systems are imperative in the context of global change. The unprecedented rate of contemporary species extirpations, coupled with widely held expectations that future disturbance intensity will increase with warming, highlights a need to better understand how natural processes structure habitat availability in forest ecosystems. Standardised typologies of tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) have been developed to facilitate assessments of resource availability for multiple taxa. However, natural disturbance effects on TreM diversity have never been assessed. We amassed a comprehensive dataset of TreM occurrences and a concomitant 300-year disturbance history reconstruction that spanned large environmental gradients in temperate primary forests. We used nonlinear analyses to quantify relations between past disturbance parameters and contemporary patterns of TreM occurrence. Our results reveal that natural forest dynamics, characterised by fluctuating disturbance intervals and variable severity levels, maintained structurally complex landscapes rich in TreMs. Different microhabitat types developed over time in response to divergent disturbance histories. The relative abundance of alternate TreMs was maximised by unique interactions between past disturbance severity and elapsed time. Despite an unequal distribution of individual TreMs, total microhabitat diversity was maintained at constant levels, suggesting that spatially heterogeneous disturbances maintained a shifting mosaic of habitat types over the region as a whole. Our findings underscore the fundamental role of natural processes in promoting conditions that maximise biodiversity potential. Strict conservation and management systems that preserve natural disturbance outcomes, including associated biological legacies, may therefore safeguard biodiversity at large scales.