bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bewegungsförderung an weiterführenden Schulen in Deutschland
Authors: Schoser Daria Sophia , Melcher Anne , Froböse Ingo , Wilke Christiane 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Trotz vielfältiger Nachweise, dass ein Großteil der Kinder und Jugendlichen die Empfehlungen der WHO für körperliche Aktivität nicht erfüllen und die sportmotorische Leistung tendenziell sinkt, wird nicht in allen Altersgruppen darauf mit entsprechenden Maßnahmen reagiert. Die Forschung der Bewegungsförderung im Bereich der weiterführenden Schulen steht in Deutschland noch in den Anfängen. Bislang fehlt aber auch eine Übersicht der bereits durchgeführten Programme, um darauf basierend Handlungsempfehlungen für Interventionsdurchführungen auszusprechen und Forschungsperspektiven aufzudecken.

Methode
Mithilfe eines Scoping Reviews wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in nationalen und internationalen Fachdatenbanken nach vorher definierten Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurden sechs relevante Studien identifiziert und hinsichtlich der Studienpopulation, Interventionsgestaltung und Wirksamkeit analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Unterschiedliche Ansätze und Zielsetzungen wurden in den relevanten Studien identifiziert. Als Faktoren, die die Wirksamkeit der Bewegungsprogramme beeinflussen, konnten die Interventionsdauer, der Zeitpunkt in oder außerhalb des regulären Unterrichts, der Einbezug motivationaler Komponenten sowie die Familie erkannt werden.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung
Mithilfe des Scoping Reviews konnte ein erster Überblick zu den bisher in Deutschland durchgeführten Interventionen und Wirkungen an weiterführenden Schulen generiert werden. Ausgewählte Erkenntnisse aus den Studien können bei der Planung zukünftiger Interventionen helfen. In den letzten 10 Jahren hat die Forschung zugenommen, die Studienlage ist im internationalen Vergleich aber immer noch eher verhalten und wenig systematisch. Zukünftig sollten Ansätze und Wirksamkeit für die vorgestellte Zielgruppe vermehrt in den Fokus gerückt werden, um mehr und aussagekräftigere empirische Erkenntnisse zu erlangen.
Linking household access to food and social capital typologies in Phalombe District, Malawi
Authors: Craig Ailish , Hutton Craig , Lewis Laura A. , Musa Frank B. , Sheffield Justin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFood security remains a major sustainability challenge in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. Food security has numerous determinants that are complex and interlinked, with one of them being social capital. Social capital reflects an individual’s, household’s, or community’s social networks, social interactions, and social support systems that can be mobilized in times of need to maintain, among others, livelihoods or food security. This study aims to further understand how typologies of social capital are associated with household food security in Southern Malawi, with a focus on access to food. We unpack social capital into three typologies, namely bonding, bridging, and linking social capital, and establish which one is most strongly associated with household access to food, and whether this varies by the gender of the household head. To achieve this, we analyze secondary data from 382 households collected through the Malawian Fourth Integrated Household Survey (IHS4), using principal axis factor analysis and logistic regression analysis. Our findings demonstrate that bonding and bridging social capital are associated with better household access to food, while linking social capital was associated with lower household access to food. Bonding social capital was most strongly associated for female-headed households and linking social capital for male-headed households, highlighting that there are differences between such households. This work confirms observations from other related studies in Sub-Saharan Africa exploring the interface of social capital and food security. It also highlights the importance of both acknowledging the gender of the household head and of unpacking social capital into its typologies when considering food security.
The Temperature-Dependent Phase Transformation and Microstructural Characterisation in In-Sn Solder Alloys
Authors: Zhou Jiye , Tan Xin Fu , Gu Qinfen , McDonald Stuart D. , Nogita Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndium-based solder alloys are considered candidates for the next generation of low-temperature solder materials, especially for superconducting joints because of the properties of theβ-In3Sn phase. The temperature-dependent phase transformation and thermal expansion behaviour of two different solder compositions including In-35Sn (in wt.%) and In-25.6Sn have been characterised using an in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction method. The c-axis of theβ-In3Sn unit cell in the In-35Sn alloy exhibited a complex relationship with increasing temperature compared to the positive increasing trend in In-25.6Sn due to the temperature-dependent solubility of Sn inβ-In3Sn and change in the volume fraction of phases commencing at 80°C. In situ heating scanning electron microscopy recorded a real-time melting-solidification microstructure variation and phase transition during annealing at 90°C that was further analysed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The observations are discussed with respect to the lattice parameters of theγ-InSn4andβ-In3Sn phases and the proportions and composition of both phases present within the alloys.
Effect of Copper and Zinc Ions on Biochemical and Molecular Characteristics of Calcium Oxalate Renal Stones: a Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Taha Shaimaa A. Y. , Shokeir Ahmed A. , Mortada Wael I. , Awadalla Amira , Barakat Lamiaa A. A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Contradictory results are existed in the literature regarding the impact of trace elements on the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone patients. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of Cu and Zn on biochemical and molecular characteristics of CaOx stones. Plasma and urine concentrations of Cu and Zn in 30 CaOx stones patients and 20 controls were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Urinary levels of citric acid and oxalate were measured by commercial spectrophotometric kits. Blood levels of glutathione reduced (GSH) and catalase (CAT) were determined as markers of antioxidant activity, while blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and urine level of nitric oxide (NO) were used to assess oxidative stress. Gene expression of MAPk pathway (ERK, P38, and JNK) were estimated. The plasma and urine levels of Cu were significantly increased in the patient group compared to those of controls, while the levels of Zn were decreased. Excessive urinary excretion of citric acid and oxalate were found among CaOx stone patients. The GSH and CAT concentration were significantly reduced in CaOx stones patients compared to healthy group. The plasma MDA and urine NO concentration were significantly increased in CaOx stones patients compared to control group. The expressions of the studied genes were significantly increased in CaOx stones patients. These findings suggest that alteration in Cu and Zn might contribute to pathogenesis of CaOx patients through oxidative stress and MAPK pathway genes (ERK, P38 and JNK).
Efficacy of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program for thoracic surgery in a developing country
Authors: Laohathai Sira , Sadad Zarina , Suvarnakich Kanok , Pathonsamit Chompunoot , Tantraworasin Apichat 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a strategy used to improve perioperative outcomes and reduce complications. However, data on the efficacy of ERAS in thoracic surgery in developing countries are limited. The current study aimed to validate the benefits of ERAS among patients at a single institution.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent pulmonary resection at Vajira Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between 2016 and 2020. To compare outcomes, patients were divided into the pre-ERAS group (2016–2018) and the post-ERAS group (2019–2020) using propensity score matching (1:2) with the year 2019 as the cutoff for introducing ERAS protocols at our institution.

Results
In total, 321 patients were included in the analysis (pre-ERAS group, n = 74; post-ERAS group, n = 247). After propensity score matching, 56 and 112 patients were classified under the pre- and post-ERAS groups, respectively. The post-ERAS group had significantly lower pain scores than the pre-ERAS group on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3, and a lower volume of intraoperative blood loss. In the multivariable analysis, the post-ERAS group had a shorter chest tube duration (mean difference = −1.62 days, 95% confidence interval = −2.65 to −0.31) and length of hospital stay (mean difference = −2.40 days, 95% confidence interval = −4.45 to −0.65) than the pre-ERAS group.

Conclusion
The use of ERAS guidelines in pulmonary resection is beneficial. Although no significant differences were observed in postoperative complication rate, intensive care unit stay, and additional cost burden between the two groups, patients in the post-ERAS group had a shorter postoperative chest tube duration, shorter hospital stays, shorter operative time, lower postoperative pain score, and lower volume of intraoperative blood loss.
Loving in Consensual Non-Monogamies: Challenging the Validity of Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale
Authors: Braida Nicole , Matta E. , Paccagnella L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, Consensual Non-Monogamies—and polyamory, in particular—have increased in popularity, diversifying the panorama of intimacies stretching far beyond the monogamous heterosexual couple. Today, CNMs constitute an interesting subject of study, worthy of attention both theoretically and empirically. However, most of the psychometric tools developed to study the concept of love were not developed specifically for this type of relationships. One of the most commonly used of these tools is Sternberg’s Triangular Love Scale (STLS), which measures love as a function of three main components: Intimacy, Passion, and Decision/Commitment. Although STLS is widely used in social and psychological research and has been applied to various populations, it has never been used to measure love in CNMs. This article discusses the results of a questionnaire based on STLS administered to 558 individuals from 33 different countries. At the time of completing the questionnaire, each respondent had at least two sexual and/or romantic relationships with the consent of all of those involved. While STLS is validated in studies of people in monogamous relationships, confirmatory factor analysis suggests that it is not an appropriate tool for our sample of consensually non-monogamous individuals. This article seeks to explain this finding using qualitative data from an earlier study exploring how people who engage in forms of consensual non-monogamy define love and relationships.
A reserve is not always so good: change in landscape management after protection negatively affects the floristic diversity of an urban park
Authors: Buffi Francesca , Fanelli Giuliano , Bianco Pietro Massimiliano , Attorre Fabio , D’Angeli Diego , Fratarcangeli Carlo , De Sanctis Michele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze the floristic changes occurred between 1991 and 2018 in the “Pineto Urban Regional Park” (Rome) as a result of a land-use change that in mid-90s led to the abandonment of traditional pasture practices and a shift to a more intense frequentation for recreational purposes. About 25 years after the change in management the area has a similar floristic richness, but it is characterized by a high turnover rate, a significant homogenization of the flora and a change in the community structure with a higher level of dominance. The removal of the pasture, which has favoured an increasing frequentation by people, seems to be the main driver of these changes. We suggest that a more active management, with the reintroduction of a sustainable grazing and a limitation of the fruition in marginal areas close to the urban matrix, could restore an higher diversity and reverse the homogenization processes detected in this study and at the same time ensure the citizen fruition.
Controlled Gaussian process dynamical models with application to robotic cloth manipulation
Authors: Amadio Fabio , Delgado-Guerrero Juan Antonio , Colomé Adriá , Torras Carme 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the last years, significant advances have been made in robotic manipulation, but still, the handling of non-rigid objects, such as cloth garments, is an open problem. Physical interaction with non-rigid objects is uncertain and complex to model. Thus, extracting useful information from sample data can considerably improve modeling performance. However, the training of such models is a challenging task due to the high-dimensionality of the state representation. In this paper, we propose Controlled Gaussian Process Dynamical Models (CGPDMs) for learning high-dimensional, nonlinear dynamics by embedding them in a low-dimensional manifold. A CGPDM is constituted by a low-dimensional latent space, with an associated dynamics where external control variables can act and a mapping to the observation space. The parameters of both maps are marginalized out by considering Gaussian Process priors. Hence, a CGPDM projects a high-dimensional state space into a smaller dimension latent space, in which it is feasible to learn the system dynamics from training data. The modeling capacity of CGPDM has been tested in both a simulated and a real scenario, where it proved to be capable of generalizing over a wide range of movements and confidently predicting the cloth motions obtained by previously unseen sequences of control actions.
A Systematic Review of Parental Self-efficacy Among Parents of School-Age Children and Adolescents
Authors: Glatz Terese , Lippold Melissa , Chung Gerard , Jensen Todd M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhat function does parental self-efficacy have for parenting behaviors and children’s adjustment, and what explains individual variations in parents’ self-efficacy? Parental self-efficacy involves parents’ beliefs about their influence on their children and this systematic review presents results from 35 empirical studies published between 2003 and 2022 among parents of school-aged children and adolescents. First, the studies in this review show a bi-directional association between parental self-efficacy and positive parenting, and some empirical evidence that parental self-efficacy influences children indirectly, via parenting. The few longitudinal studies examining associations between parental self-efficacy and child behaviors suggest that self-efficacy might emerge as a reaction to children’s behaviors. Second, many child, parent, and sociocultural factors were shown to predict parental self-efficacy (e.g., child gender and age, parents’ psychological well-being, and socio-economic status), and results suggest that these associations are similar across multiple countries and age groups. Finally, studies reporting on parental self-efficacy at different time points or a correlation between self-efficacy and the child’s age suggested that parental self-efficacy decreases over the school-age and adolescent period. This review shows the complex role of parental self-efficacy in associations with parent and child factors, and it also highlight questions to address for future research.
Proposed synchronous electric motor simulation with built-in permanent magnets for robotic systems
Authors: Attar Hani , Abu-Jassar Amer Tahseen , Lyashenko Vyacheslav , Al-qerem Ahmad , Sotnik Svitlana , Alharbi Naif , Solyman Ahmed A. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChoosing the proper engine that fits the desired application is a crucial design factor in robotics. Accordingly, this paper compares different types of engines for other Industrial robots (IR) and proposes to put practical criteria based on the mechanical design and its application. It starts from describing the IR choice to explaining the synchronous motor with permanent magnets as a base of the motor choice. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of components and their purpose supported by the creation of the subsequent drawings. SolidWorks system was implemented to obtain expressive and high-quality graphics and three dimensions design. Moreover, the entire Electrical Magnetic Force (EMF) was simulated using the method of variational parameterization. Accordingly, a developed synchronous motor with a built-in permanent magnet is proposed, which is supported by 3D design graphics to evaluate the deformation and margin of the housing and motor shaft safety.The obtained results provide a valuable study for the robotic engines' characteristics, such as the engine's strength, torque, power, and speed. An example of the comparison results is testing the synchronous motor, which confirms that the permanent magnets built-on synchronous motor is most recommended for the lightweight robots designed to work under average load weight. More results were performed to compare the proposed design with the robotics world's leading companies, showing that the developed proposed design has significant characteristics that outperform traditional motors.
If conceptual engineering is a new method in the ethics of AI, what method is it exactly?
Authors: Löhr Guido 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCan a machine be a person? Can a robot think, be our friend or colleague? These familiar questions in the ethics of AI have recently become much more urgent than many philosophers anticipated. However, they also seem as intractable as ever. For this reason, several philosophers of AI have recently turned their attention to an arguably new method: conceptual engineering. The idea is to stop searching for the real essence of friendship or our ordinary concept of the person. Instead, ethicists of AI should engineer concepts of friend or person we should apply. But what exactly is this method? There is currently no consensus on what the target object of conceptual engineers is or should be. In this paper, I reject a number of popular options and then argue for a pragmatist way of thinking about the target object of conceptual engineering in the ethics of AI. I conclude that in this pragmatist picture, conceptual engineering is probably what we have been doing all along. So, is it all just hype? No, the idea that the ethics of AI has been dominated by conceptual engineers all along constitutes an important meta-philosophical insight. We can build on this insight to develop a more rigorous and thorough methodology in the ethics of AI.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion via an insulin pump in extremely premature neonates—a case series
Authors: Becocci Andrea , Bochaton Nathalie , Fau Sébastien , Klee Philippe , Perrenoud Luz , Fonzo-Christe Caroline , Pfister Riccardo E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtremely preterm infants are prone to hyperglycemia which is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Insulin sensitivity is variable in extreme prematurity, and its monitoring, prevention, and treatment are a significant challenge in the NICU. Frequent changes in fluid composition and volumes, as well as large growth and adaptational nutrient requirements are limited by difficult vascular access and blood sampling and risk of drug incompatibilities. Insulin treatment requires specific access and significantly increases fluid intake and sampling. Clinicians, therefore, often compromise by reducing glucose intake and accepting higher glycemia. We report a case series of 11 extremely low birth weight (ELBW) preterms, born between 23 5/7 and 27 6/7 weeks of gestation, treated for transient hyperglycemia during the first 2 weeks of life by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Insulin concentration was 10 IU/ml, administered via 13 mm Accu-Chek® Tenderlink catheters and a commercial insulin pump (Accu-Chek® Combo, Roche Diabetes Care). Insulin treatment was initiated when glycemia was > 252 mg/dL (14 mmol/l) in two consecutive blood glucose determinations, except for one case when glycemia was 234 mg/dL (13 mmol/l), despite a previous decrease in glucose infusion rate. The starting dose for the CSII was between 0.01 and 0.08 IU/kg/h. The average duration of the CSII was 5 days (1–16 days). CSII in extreme preterm neonates with hyperglycemia was clinically feasible and practical by sparing IV lines and volume and appeared as more rapidly effective than continuous IV administration. No adverse events like hypoglycemia or skin infection were recorded.
Programmable active matter across scales
Authors: Yu Hengao , Fu Yulei , Zhang Xinli , Chen Leilei , Qi Duo , Shi Jinzhuo , Wang Wendong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProgrammable active matter (PAM) combines information processing and energy transduction. The physical embodiment of information could be the direction of magnetic spins, a sequence of molecules, the concentrations of ions, or the shape of materials. Energy transduction involves the transformation of chemical, magnetic, or electrical energies into mechanical energy. A major class of PAM consists of material systems with many interacting units. These units could be molecules, colloids, microorganisms, droplets, or robots. Because the interaction among units determines the properties and functions of PAMs, the programmability of PAMs is largely due to the programmable interactions. Here, we review PAMs across scales, from supramolecular systems to macroscopic robotic swarms. We focus on the interactions at different scales and describe how these (often local) interactions give rise to global properties and functions. The research on PAMs will contribute to the pursuit of generalised crystallography and the study of complexity and emergence. Finally, we ponder on the opportunities and challenges in using PAM to build a soft-matter brain.
Late Quaternary fluvial and aeolian depositional environments for the western Red River, Southern Great Plains, USA
Authors: Forman Steven L. , Wu Zequn , Wiest Logan , Marin Liliana , Mayhack Connor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUbiquitous Holocene dune systems are associated with major west-to-east flowing rivers across the Southern Great Plains (SGP), USA. Critical questions remain as to whether aeolian activity reflects multiple environmental signatures, including increased sand supply from riverine sources. This research focused on the western Red River where geomorphic mapping revealed three terrace levels up to 16 m, buried partially by up to 10 m of aeolian sediments. Pedosedimentary facies analyses of sections and Geoprobe cores extracted from terraces and close-interval optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz grains revealed two periods of fluvial aggradation at ca. 80 ka to ~5 to 8 m above the Red River forming the Vernon terrace, and at 30 to 13 ka to ~20–15 m, the highest identified Childress terrace. Net degradation of 20 m also occurred between 13 and 7 ka to 4 m below the current channel, reflecting regional fall in the groundwater level. The latest aggradation event, which built the lowest Luna terrace at ~2 m, ended 1.5 to 0.7 ka and was partially buried by fluvial-sourced dunes in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This recent phase of aeolian deposition coincides with a comparatively wet period in the central United States during the Little Ice Age, rather than with regional drying.