bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy policies and regulations in the built environment; a policy perspective
Authors: Tinarwo Benonia , Rahimian Farzad Pour , Najafi Mina 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This study aims to explore and analyse building energy performance (BEP) policies and regulations worldwide. It presents a perspective on the status quo of policy packages for the built environment. This study spans the six years between 2018 and 2023 to give a broad overview of the BEP policy landscape.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory search of secondary sources was conducted within a six-year timeline. The six-year period enabled the creation of a pre- and post-COVID baseline through which comparisons of policy trends could be made. The International Energy Agency (IEA) and Scopus databases were the principal sources of relevant literature. A data extraction tool and four research questions were used to ensure the relevance of the selected sources. The primary limitation of this work is that the chosen time frame limited the number of policies and regulations investigated.

Findings
At the time of writing this paper, 272 were retrieved from the IEA database, together with 65 eligible studies from the Scopus database. After data analysis, it was established that most national policies target renewable energy installations, heating and cooling of buildings, net-zero ambitions, fiscal instruments and long-term national interests. However, most studies focus on BEP policy assessment, renewable energy and the social impact of policies. Furthermore, four main findings emerged from the analysed data. These point to fragmentation of policy goals across the BEP landscape, institutional influence in energy policy formulation and little consideration of socio-economic-environmental impacts within BEP policy packages.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the discourse on BEP policies and regulations by bringing BEP policy to the forefront. It highlights a fragmented BEP policy landscape and advocates for improved collaboration between academia, the private sector and policymakers to encourage accountability for the life-cycle energy performance of buildings and their services within policy frameworks. Additionally, this research identifies a need for integrative and holistic policy solutions.
Clock genes regulate sex pheromone production and male mating ability in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Li Xinlian , Ye Long , Jiang Yanling , Cheng Daifeng , Lu Yongyue 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMany animals display physiological and behavioral activities limited to specific times of the day. Certain insects exhibit clear daily rhythms in their mating activities that are regulated by an internal biological clock. However, the specific genetic mechanisms underlying this regulation remain largely unexplored. Mating in the fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis exhibits a daily rhythm and is dependent on sex pheromones produced in the male rectum. We used transcriptome sequencing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated nuclease 9 techniques to understand whether the daily rhythmicity of mating in B. dorsalis and sex pheromone production in the rectum are regulated by clock genes. The results showed that the production of sex pheromones by B. dorsalis males is rhythmic (low during the day and high at night) and is influenced by clock genes. Knockout of the clock genes cryptochrome 1 (cry1) and timeless (tim) reduced the production of sex pheromones and significantly impaired mating ability in males. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction results from 5 different tissues showed cry1 was highly expressed in the head, whereas tim was highly expressed in both the head and rectum (a key site for male sex pheromone production). Transcriptome analysis confirmed that cry1 (head) and tim (head and rectum) exhibit rhythmic expressions consistent with sex pheromone rhythmicity. These results suggest that cry1 may be related to a central clock neuron (like the suprachiasmatic nucleus), whereas the rhythmic expression of tim in the rectum indicates the potential presence of peripheral oscillators. Our study reveals new targets and ideas for improved control of the fruit fly.
Rainfall Variability Shapes Lion Movement and Home Range Dynamics in Three Kenyan Parks
Authors: Chege Mumbi , Torrents‐Ticó Miquel , Bertola Laura D. , de Snoo Geert R. , van ’t Zelfde Maarten , Musters C. J. M. , de Iongh Hans H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTVariation in climatic conditions is expected to impact the distribution and abundance of herbivore species, which may, in turn, influence African lions (Panthera leo) ranging behaviour. This necessitates proactive management of lion populations, as ecosystems may exhibit site‐specific responses to these variations. Using satellite and GPS‐GSM data from 10 lions collared in three different national parks in Kenya—Meru, Nairobi, and Lake Nakuru—we calculated monthly home ranges and distance moved and studied how these were influenced by rainfall. Across all parks, lions increased their distance moved with an increase in rainfall, and male lions covered larger distances than females. Model comparisons revealed that lions in Lake Nakuru significantly expanded their home ranges with higher rainfall compared to those in Nairobi; however, lions in Nairobi covered larger distances than those in Lake Nakuru. Lions in Meru had larger home ranges compared to the other two parks, but the effect of rainfall on their home range size and movement was not significantly different from the other two parks. Our results give insight into the site‐specific influence of rainfall on lion home range and movement across the parks. We call for prioritisation of conservation efforts and a site‐specific, tailored approach to lion conservation and management.
Food Allergy and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents—The Role of Shared Familial Environment
Authors: Karim Hanna , Lundholm Cecilia , Gong Tong , Brew Bronwyn , Silverman Michael , Almqvist Catarina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundEvidence suggests a link between food allergy and poor mental health, however, this may be explained by shared genetic and environmental factors. We aimed to investigate the association between food allergy of different severity and mental health in children, and the role of familial factors.MethodsThis population‐based, longitudinal cohort study is based on the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden with questionnaire data reported by parents and/or children. Food allergy ‘ever’ and doctor's diagnosis were reported at age 9–12 years, and ≥ 1 recent dispensation of adrenaline was used as a marker for current severe food allergy. Outcomes were identified using validated questionnaires for anxiety; Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED); Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and depression; Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D) and Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV‐MDE) and reported at 9–12, 15 and 18 years of age. Multivariate linear and logistic modelling was applied to the whole cohort and a co‐twin control approach to remove confounding by familial factors.ResultsIn total, 3039 (8.9%) children had a parent‐reported food allergy. Among these, 1292 (43.5%) had non‐severe food allergy without diagnosis, 1490 (49%) had non‐severe food allergy with diagnosis and 257 (8.5%) had severe food allergy. Compared to children with no food allergy, non‐severe food allergy with diagnosis by 9–12 years was associated with parent‐reported anxiety/depression; SCARED (adjOR 2.10, 95% CI 1.48–2.98), SMFQ (adjOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.19–3.10) at 9–12 years and SDQ (adjβ 0.2, 95% CI 0.0–0.4) at 15 years. All other associations were null including for those with severe food allergy. All positive estimates in the full cohort were attenuated using co‐twin controls.ConclusionEvidence associating paediatric food allergy severity and poor mental health was weak, and positive associations observed were likely due to familial confounding.
Online Sexual Exploitation Among Adolescents in Tanzania: Exploring the Stigmas of Victimization and Help‐Seeking
Authors: Lin Kai , Cheng Vincent Shing , Li Jessica C. M. , Jia Cindy Xinshan , Jiang Xin , Mlyakado Budeba Petro 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDrawing upon a sample of adolescents from Tanzania (N = 955), the current study investigates the complex interplay of factors influencing stigmas associated with online sexual exploitation (OSE) victimization and help‐seeking behaviours. Employing path analysis, the study revealed that although the stigmas of OSE victimization and the stigmas of OSE help‐seeking are influenced by shared factors such as gender and self‐efficacy, the sizes and directions of the effects are different. In addition, older adolescents reported greater stigmas of OSE victimization, whereas those from urban areas and those who had experienced sextortion reported greater stigmas of help‐seeking. These findings underscore the need for targeted policy and practice interventions aimed at mitigating stigmas surrounding OSE among subpopulations with different demographic, socio‐economic and psychological characteristics. Such efforts are crucial for bolstering prevention and intervention strategies to combat OSE‐related stigmas effectively.
Clinical Application of the Fetal HQ Technique in the Evaluation of Normal Fetal Cardiac Function at Different Gestational Weeks
Authors: Su Xiao‐rong , Wang Ai‐lin , Tie Hong‐xia , Wu Wen‐rui , Zhang Wen‐dong , Niu Ke‐xiong , Li Tian‐gang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the clinical value of fetal heart quantification (fetal HQ) in the evaluation of normal fetal heart size, morphology, and cardiac function at different gestational weeks.Materials and MethodsA total of 101 pregnant women diagnosed with a healthy fetus by fetal echocardiography from September 2021 to December 2023 were selected and classified into four different periods of gestational weeks: 20–28 weeks (25 cases), 29–32 weeks (26 cases), 33–36 weeks (26 cases), and 37–40 weeks (24 cases). Quantitative analyses were performed by automatically tracking the endocardium using fetal HQ software that comes with the Voluson E10 from GE. To investigate the correlation between four‐chambered vesicle length end‐diastolic (4CV LED), four‐chambered vesicle transverse width end‐diastolic (4CV TWED), global sphericity index (GSI), ejection fraction (EF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and gestation age (GA), and the variability of normal fetal cardiac morphology and cardiac function at different gestational weeks.ResultsA statistically significant difference was observed between 4CV LED and 4CV TWED in normal fetuses at different gestational weeks (p < 0.05), which exhibited a positive correlation with gestational week. Conversely, no significant correlation was identified between GSI and gestational week (p > 0.05). The mean GSI of 101 normal fetuses was found to be 1.25 ± 0.09. A comparative analysis of EF, SV, and CO in normal fetuses at different gestational weeks revealed statistically significant differences in SV and CO (p < 0.05), which gradually increased with gestational weeks, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in EF (p > 0.05).ConclusionsFetal HQ represents a straightforward and dependable method for evaluating GSI and 24‐segment SI of the left and right ventricles, which can provide a certain theoretical basis for the clinical quantitative evaluation of fetal cardiac geometry and cardiac function.
Fine‐Scale Genetic Structure of Small Fish Populations in Islands: The Case of Brook Charr Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814) in Saint‐Pierre and Miquelon (France)
Authors: Viana Julie , Evanno Guillaume , Audet Céline , Teletchea Fabrice 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIsland ecosystems, particularly vulnerable to environmental challenges, host many endangered native species. Diadromous fish, in particular, are threatened throughout their marine and freshwater habitats. The conservation of these species requires an in‐depth understanding of their genetic diversity and structure, to better understand their adaptive potential. We investigated fine‐scale population diversity and structure in native brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) by genotyping 10 microsatellite loci in 244 individuals at three spatial scales in Saint‐Pierre and Miquelon, France. We found limited genetic variability across the archipelago, with particularly low genetic diversity in one island, Langlade. A significant difference in allelic richness was also detected among the three islands, indicating a difference in genetic composition across the archipelago, probably induced by historical stocking actions on both Saint‐Pierre and Miquelon. Finally, a strong genetic structure was detected across the archipelago among hydrosystems (overall FST = 0.19) and even within several of them. The presence of predominant interisland gene flow combined with complete genetic isolation from certain hydrosystems suggests that this contemporary genetic structure is the result of both natural demographic processes during the species postglacial colonization and recent restocking actions. The complex genetic structure of such isolated brook charr subpopulations highlights the importance of considering fine‐scale genetic structure in conservation management.
Experiences of Emergency Nurses Providing End‐of‐Life Care During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Cowley Alysha , Morphet Julia , Crawford Kimberley 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo explore the experiences of emergency nurses providing end‐of‐life care during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsData were collected between May and August 2023. Individual, semi‐structured interviews were conducted face to face or by videoconferencing with a purposive and snowballed sample of 11 emergency nurses. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThere were four main themes identified: (1) Isolation and loneliness that emergency nurses felt when providing end‐of‐life care throughout COVID‐19. (2) Comparison of Care Relating to Communication; whereby emergency nurses compared the provision of end‐of‐life care before COVID‐19 to end‐of‐life care provided during the pandemic. (3) Frustration and guilt: emergency nurses felt when providing end‐of‐life care. (4) Teamwork: participants interviewed explored the meaning of having a supportive team when providing end‐of‐life care.ConclusionsThis study explores in‐depth experiences of emergency nurses providing care to those who were dying during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study identified that emergency nurses were impacted emotionally by providing end‐of‐life care during the pandemic, and ongoing support is likely to be needed. This study also reinforced the strength of teamwork amongst emergency nurses.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Evaluation of the endocranial anatomy of the early Paleogene north African gavialoid crocodylian Argochampsa krebsi and evolutionary implications for adaptation to salinity tolerance in marine crocodyliforms
Authors: Pligersdorffer Carly C. , Burke Paul M. J. , Mannion Philip D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArgochampsa krebsi is a gavialoid crocodylian from the early Paleogene of North Africa. Based on its recovered phylogenetic relationship with South American species, it has been inferred to have been capable of transoceanic dispersal, but potential anatomical correlates for a marine lifestyle have yet to be identified. Based on CT scans of a mostly complete and well‐preserved skull, we reconstruct the endocranial anatomy of Argochampsa and compare it to that of other gavialoids. We demonstrate that Argochampsa possesses concave depressions on the internal surface of the prefrontals and lacrimals, which have been inferred to represent osteological correlates for salt glands in unequivocally marine metriorhynchoid thalattosuchian crocodyliforms. The presence of these salt glands suggests that Argochampsa likely frequented pelagic environments and provides additional support for the capability of transoceanic dispersal within Gavialoidea. We also newly interpret osteological correlates for salt glands in the Miocene north African gavialoid Sutekhsuchus dowsoni, providing further support that saltwater tolerance was widespread and possibly ancestral in Gavialoidea, given that they have been previously reported in the Late Cretaceous–early Paleogene species Eosuchus lerichei and Portugalosuchus azenhae. In addition to these gavialoids, as well as metriorhynchids, we also identify these osteological salt gland correlates in the Paleocene northwest African dyrosaurid Rhabdognathus aslerensis, which represents another crocodyliform lineage thought to be capable of transoceanic dispersal. Given that dyrosaurids, gavialoids, and metriorhynchoids are distantly related lineages, the evolution of salt glands is likely a convergent ecological adaptation to the occupation of pelagic environments. Nevertheless, we demonstrate limited evaluation of the presence of these osteological correlates across Crocodyliformes, including within most extant species, such that it remains possible that they are much more widespread.
The Disease and Economic Burden of HBV and HCV in Ethiopia
Authors: Voeller Alexis S. , Johannessen Asgeir , Abebe Zebideru Zewdie , Adugna Wegene , Gamkrelidze Ivane , Seyoum Eleni , Gebremedhin Lia Tadesse , Meselu Mirtie Getachew , Nigussie Seblewongel Abate , Silesh Asmamaw , Razavi Homie , Razavi‐Shearer Devin , Tirsite Ghion , Desalegn Hailemichael 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs the second most populated country in Africa, Ethiopia needs public health measures to control diseases that impact its population. The goal of this study is to analyse disease burdens of HBV and HCV, while also highlighting their estimated associated costs for the country. A literature review and a Delphi process reflecting input of Ethiopian experts and the National Viral Hepatitis Technical Working Group were used to complement mathematical modelling to estimate HBV and HCV disease and economic burdens. Two scenarios were created for HCV: 2023 base and WHO elimination. For HBV, three scenarios were created: 2023 base, WHO elimination and universal birth dose. Using current country costs, each scenario was also examined through an economic lens. There were an estimated 7.6 million HBV infections in 2023. To impact transmission, a universal birth dose and pregnant women screening program would allow Ethiopia to vaccinate approximately 3.9 million infants annually, with a budget of $4.68 million USD, meeting the WHO prevalence elimination target (≤ 0.1% in ≤ 5‐year‐olds) by 2043. Ethiopia had an estimated 690,000 HCV infections in 2023. To achieve HCV elimination, the country would need to expand screening and treatment to 74,000 individuals annually with a peak budget of $12 million USD per year until 2032, decreasing to less than $2 million USD in 2035. Ethiopia can begin making steps towards elimination of HBV through expansion of birth dose vaccination. However, larger investments will be needed to scale‐up treatment and diagnosis interventions for both diseases.
Dynamics of a Reaction–Diffusion–Advection System From River Ecology With Inflow
Authors: Wei Jinyu , Liu Bin , Ren Guoqiang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper is to study the population dynamics of a single species model and a two‐species competition model from river ecology with inflow. One interesting feature in these models is that species can flow into the river through the upstream end due to advective movement while both diffusive and advective movements will cause population loss at the downstream end. We first determine necessary and sufficient conditions for persistence of a single species, in terms of the critical habitat size and the critical advection rate. For the competition model, we investigate the joint effects of advection rates, interspecific competition intensities, and boundary conditions on global dynamics of the system. It shows that the strategy of smaller advection is beneficial for species to survive. Our results partially extend the previous works.
Thermomagnetic Bioconvection Flow in a Semitrapezoidal Enclosure Filled With a Porous Medium Containing Oxytactic Micro-Organisms: Modeling Hybrid Magnetic Biofuel Cells
Authors: Venkatadri K. , Rajarajeswari P. , Anwar Bég O. , Ramachandra Prasad V. , Leonard H. J. , Kuharat S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hybrid fuel cells are becoming increasingly popular in 21st century energy systems engineering. These systems combine multiple features including various geometries, electromagnetic fluids, bacteria (micro-organisms), thermosolutal convection, and porous media. Motivated by these developments in the present work, we simulate the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural triple convection flow in a semitrapezoidal enclosure saturated with electrically conducting water containing oxytactic micro-organisms and oxygen species. The Darcy–Brinkman model is deployed for porous media drag effects. The primitive governing partial differential conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy, oxygen species, and motile micro-organism species density are transformed using a vorticity–stream function formulation and nondimensional variables into a nonlinear boundary value problem. A numerical solution is obtained using a finite difference method with incremental time steps. The mathematical model features a number of controlling parameters, i.e., Prandtl number, Rayleigh number, bioconvective Rayleigh number, Darcy parameter, Hartmann (magnetic body force) number, Lewis number, Péclet number, oxygen diffusion ratio, and fraction of consumption oxygen to diffusion of oxygen parameter. Transport characteristics (streamlines, isotherms, oxygen isoconcentration, and motile micro-organism concentration) are computed for several of these parameters. Micro-organisms’ impact on the rate of heat transfer at the boundaries is found to be beneficial or destructive, depending on combination of other parameters in the simulations. Additionally, Nusselt number and oxygen species Sherwood number are computed at the hot vertical wall. The simulations are relevant to hybrid electromagnetic microbial fuel cells.