bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning in Hypertension Detection: A Study on World Hypertension Day Data
Authors: Montagna Sara , Pengo Martino Francesco , Ferretti Stefano , Borghi Claudio , Ferri Claudio , Grassi Guido , Muiesan Maria Lorenza , Parati Gianfranco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been associated with hypertension. However, current screening programs are still failing in identifying individuals at higher risk of hypertension. Given the major impact of high blood pressure on cardiovascular events and mortality, there is an urgent need to find new strategies to improve hypertension detection. We aimed to explore whether a machine learning (ML) algorithm can help identifying individuals predictors of hypertension. We analysed the data set generated by the questionnaires administered during the World Hypertension Day from 2015 to 2019. A total of 20206 individuals have been included for analysis. We tested five ML algorithms, exploiting different balancing techniques. Moreover, we computed the performance of the medical protocol currently adopted in the screening programs. Results show that a gain of sensitivity reflects in a loss of specificity, bringing to a scenario where there is not an algorithm and a configuration which properly outperforms against the others. However, Random Forest provides interesting performances (0.818 sensitivity – 0.629 specificity) compared with medical protocols (0.906 sensitivity – 0.230 specificity). Detection of hypertension at a population level still remains challenging and a machine learning approach could help in making screening programs more precise and cost effective, when based on accurate data collection. More studies are needed to identify new features to be acquired and to further improve the performances of ML models.
Evaluation of the Marburg Heart Score and INTERCHEST score compared to current telephone triage for chest pain in out-of-hours primary care
Authors: Manten A. , De Clercq L. , Rietveld R. P. , Lucassen W. A. M. , Moll van Charante E. P. , Harskamp R. E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Chest pain is a common and challenging symptom for telephone triage in urgent primary care. Existing chest-pain-specific risk scores originally developed for diagnostic purposes may outperform current telephone triage protocols.

Methods
This study involved a retrospective, observational cohort of consecutive patients evaluated for chest pain at a large-scale out-of-hours primary care facility in the Netherlands. We evaluated the performance of the Marburg Heart Score (MHS) and INTERCHEST score as stand-alone triage tools and compared them with the current decision support tool, the Netherlands Triage Standard (NTS). The outcomes of interest were: C‑statistics, calibration and diagnostic accuracy for optimised thresholds with major events as the reference standard. Major events are a composite of all-cause mortality and both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular urgent underlying conditions occurring within 6 weeks of initial contact.

Results
We included 1433 patients, 57.6% women, with a median age of 55.0 years. Major events occurred in 16.4% (n = 235), of which acute coronary syndrome accounted for 6.8% (n = 98). For predicting major events, C‑statistics for the MHS and INTERCHEST score were 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.70–0.77) and 0.76 (0.73–0.80), respectively. In comparison, the NTS had a C-statistic of 0.66 (0.62–0.69). All had appropriate calibration. Both scores (at threshold ≥ 2) reduced the number of referrals (with lower false-positive rates) and maintained equal safety compared with the NTS.

Conclusion
Diagnostic risk stratification scores for chest pain may also improve telephone triage for major events in out-of-hours primary care, by reducing the number of unnecessary referrals without compromising triage safety. Further validation is warranted.
Distance from Unimodality for the Assessment of Opinion Polarization
Authors: Pavlopoulos John , Likas Aristidis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCommonsense knowledge is often approximated by the fraction of annotators who classified an item as belonging to the positive class. Instances for which this fraction is equal to or above 50% are considered positive, including however ones that receive polarized opinions. This is a problematic encoding convention that disregards the potentially polarized nature of opinions and which is often employed to estimate subjectivity, sentiment polarity, and toxic language. We present the distance from unimodality (DFU), a novel measure that estimates the extent of polarization on a distribution of opinions and which correlates well with human judgment. We applied DFU to two use cases. The first case concerns tweets created over 9 months during the pandemic. The second case concerns textual posts crowd-annotated for toxicity. We specified the days for which the sentiment-annotated tweets were determined as polarized based on the DFU measure and we found that polarization occurred on different days for two different states in the USA. Regarding toxicity, we found that polarized opinions are more likely by annotators originating from different countries. Moreover, we show that DFU can be exploited as an objective function to train models to predict whether a post will provoke polarized opinions in the future.
Where do migrants and natives belong in a community: a Twitter case study and privacy risk analysis
Authors: Kim Jisu , Pratesi Francesca , Rossetti Giulio , Sîrbu Alina , Giannotti Fosca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractToday, many users are actively using Twitter to express their opinions and to share information. Thanks to the availability of the data, researchers have studied behaviours and social networks of these users. International migration studies have also benefited from this social media platform to improve migration statistics. Although diverse types of social networks have been studied so far on Twitter, social networks of migrants and natives have not been studied before. This paper aims to fill this gap by studying characteristics and behaviours of migrants and natives on Twitter. To do so, we perform a general assessment of features including profiles and tweets, and an extensive network analysis on the network. We find that migrants have more followers than friends. They have also tweeted more despite that both of the groups have similar account ages. More interestingly, the assortativity scores showed that users tend to connect based on nationality more than country of residence, and this is more the case for migrants than natives. Furthermore, both natives and migrants tend to connect mostly with natives. The homophilic behaviours of users are also well reflected in the communities that we detected. Our additional privacy risk analysis showed that Twitter data can be safely used without exposing sensitive information of the users, and minimise risk of re-identification, while respecting GDPR.
Multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous identification of race specific and non-specific leaf resistance genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Noweiska Aleksandra , Bobrowska Roksana , Spychała Julia , Tomkowiak Agnieszka , Kwiatek Michał T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRace-nonspecific resistance is a key to sustainable management of pathogens in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding. It is more durable compared to race-specific immunity, conferred by the major genes (R), which are often overcome by pathogens. The accumulation of the genes, which provide the resistance to a specific race of a pathogen, together with the introduction of race-non-specific resistance genes is the most effective strategy aimed at preventing the breakdown of genetically conditioned immunity. PCR markers improved the productivity and accuracy of classical plant breeding by means of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Multiplexing assays provide increased throughput, reduced reaction cost, and conservation of limited sample material, which are beneficial for breeding purposes. Here, we described the process of customizing multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous identification of the major leaf rust resistance genes Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, and Lr38, as well as the slow rusting, race-nonspecific resistance genes: Lr34 and Lr68, in thirteen combinations. The adaptation of PCR markers for multiplex assays relied on: (1) selection of primers with an appropriate length; (2) selection of common annealing/extension temperature for given primers; and (3) PCR mixture modifications consisting of increased concentration of primers for the scanty band signals or decreased concentration of primers for the strong bands. These multiplex PCR protocols can be integrated into a marker-assisted selection of the leaf rust-resistant wheat genotypes.
Determination of the frequency- and temperature-dependent stiffness and damping properties of thermoplastics for the prediction of the vibration and heating behaviour during ultrasonic welding
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Dahlmann Rainer , Weihermüller Max , Wipperfürth Jens , Sommer Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe precise and realistic simulation of the vibration and heating behaviour of thermoplastics in the ultrasonic welding process has so far been associated with great challenges. In particular, the determination of the required frequency- and temperature-dependent mechanical stiffness and damping properties in the high-frequency vibration range is only insufficiently possible according to the current state of the art, which prevents an early and valid numerical prediction of the weldability in the development process of new joining components. In order to provide more precise input data (storage and loss modulus) for describing the material behaviour of thermoplastics in the ultrasonic welding process in the future, a novel measurement concept was implemented that is based on the adaptation of simulation results to real structure-borne sound measurements. The test rig concept was successfully commissioned and calibrated at room temperature and the calculation routine for material data determination was implemented. On the basis of the generated material data, an increase in the prediction quality of the vibration behaviour in a frequency range of 1 Hz to 22.5 kHz of rectangular specimens at room temperature could already be achieved compared to the state of the art using dynamic mechanical analysis and a time–temperature shift approach. Measurements at different ambient temperatures up to 60 °C were also carried out. Although the prediction quality of the vibration behaviour was slightly improved at 60 °C, there is still a need for optimisation with regard to the test specimen geometry and the further development of the evaluation routine in order to increase the analysable temperature range on the one hand and the quality of the generated material data on the other.
A Review of In-Situ Techniques for Probing Active Sites and Mechanisms of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Zhao Jinyu , Lian Jie , Zhao Zhenxin , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractElectrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is one of the most important reactions in electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal–O2/air batteries, etc. However, the essential catalysts to overcome its slow reaction kinetic always undergo a complex dynamic evolution in the actual catalytic process, and the concomitant intermediates and catalytic products also occur continuous conversion and reconstruction. This makes them difficult to be accurately captured, making the identification of ORR active sites and the elucidation of ORR mechanisms difficult. Thus, it is necessary to use extensive in-situ characterization techniques to proceed the real-time monitoring of the catalyst structure and the evolution state of intermediates and products during ORR. This work reviews the major advances in the use of various in-situ techniques to characterize the catalytic processes of various catalysts. Specifically, the catalyst structure evolutions revealed directly by in-situ techniques are systematically summarized, such as phase, valence, electronic transfer, coordination, and spin states varies. In-situ revelation of intermediate adsorption/desorption behavior, and the real-time monitoring of the product nucleation, growth, and reconstruction evolution are equally emphasized in the discussion. Other interference factors, as well as in-situ signal assignment with the aid of theoretical calculations, are also covered. Finally, some major challenges and prospects of in-situ techniques for future catalysts research in the ORR process are proposed.
Stabilizing Buried Interface via Synergistic Effect of Fluorine and Sulfonyl Functional Groups Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gong Cheng , Zhang Cong , Zhuang Qixin , Li Haiyun , Yang Hua , Chen Jiangzhao , Zang Zhigang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe interfacial defects and energy barrier are main reasons for interfacial nonradiative recombination. In addition, poor perovskite crystallization and incomplete conversion of PbI2 to perovskite restrict further enhancement of the photovoltaic performance of the devices using sequential deposition. Herein, a buried interface stabilization strategy that relies on the synergy of fluorine (F) and sulfonyl (S=O) functional groups is proposed. A series of potassium salts containing halide and non-halogen anions are employed to modify SnO2/perovskite buried interface. Multiple chemical bonds including hydrogen bond, coordination bond and ionic bond are realized, which strengthens interfacial contact and defect passivation effect. The chemical interaction between modification molecules and perovskite along with SnO2 heightens incessantly as the number of S=O and F augments. The chemical interaction strength between modifiers and perovskite as well as SnO2 gradually increases with the increase in the number of S=O and F. The defect passivation effect is positively correlated with the chemical interaction strength. The crystallization kinetics is regulated through the compromise between chemical interaction strength and wettability of substrates. Compared with Cl−, all non-halogen anions perform better in crystallization optimization, energy band regulation and defect passivation. The device with potassium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide achieves a tempting efficiency of 24.17%.
Graphene Bridge Heterostructure Devices for Negative Differential Transconductance Circuit Applications
Authors: Lee Minjong , Kim Tae Wook , Park Chang Yong , Lee Kimoon , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Kim Min-gu , Hwang Do Kyung , Lee Young Tack 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTwo-dimensional van der Waals (2D vdW) material-based heterostructure devices have been widely studied for high-end electronic applications owing to their heterojunction properties. In this study, we demonstrate graphene (Gr)-bridge heterostructure devices consisting of laterally series-connected ambipolar semiconductor/Gr-bridge/n-type molybdenum disulfide as a channel material for field-effect transistors (FET). Unlike conventional FET operation, our Gr-bridge devices exhibit non-classical transfer characteristics (humped transfer curve), thus possessing a negative differential transconductance. These phenomena are interpreted as the operating behavior in two series-connected FETs, and they result from the gate-tunable contact capacity of the Gr-bridge layer. Multi-value logic inverters and frequency tripler circuits are successfully demonstrated using ambipolar semiconductors with narrow- and wide-bandgap materials as more advanced circuit applications based on non-classical transfer characteristics. Thus, we believe that our innovative and straightforward device structure engineering will be a promising technique for future multi-functional circuit applications of 2D nanoelectronics.
Chemical compositions of bivalves shells: Anadara senilis, Crassostrea gasar, and Mytilus edulis and their potential for a sustainable circular economy
Authors: Elegbede Isa , Lawal-Are Aderonke , Favour Ogunlana , Jolaosho T. , Goussanou Appolinaire 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe paradigm termed circular blue economy has become a concept that is greatly associated with the utilization of marine resources to ensure continued sustainability. Several constraints and limitations related to plants and plant products means human needs to look beyond green economy. The chemical constituents of animals also allow researchers to evaluate their growth and development. This study evaluates the proximate and chemical compositions of Anadara senilis, Crassostrea gasar, and Mytilus edulis, with emphasizes on their calcium and calcium carbonate contents and industrial importance. A total of 270 live bivalve samples were collected from March to May 2021 from Lagos Lagoon harbour. Each bivalve sample collected was opened to separate the flesh from the species’ shell, sun-dried and transported to the laboratory for analysis. One-way analysis of variance was adopted to estimate the significance level at 5% (P < 0.05). Post-HOC LSD test was performed to verify the disparity of mean. The results of this study revealed that Mytilus edulis shells had the highest moisture, crude protein, and crude fat at 1.15 ± 0.05%, 4.29 ± 0.43%, and 0.96 ± 0.15%, respectively and showed significant difference (P < 0.05). Anadara senilis shells had high levels of calcium (51.00 ± 2.87 mg/kg), magnesium (0.59 ± 0.23 mg/kg) and calcium carbonate (60.91 ± 2.50 mg/kg). Due to the high Ca and CaCO3 contents obtained, these shells can be processed alongside other biomaterials into food supplements, animal feeds, dental products, plant nutrient supplements, ornamental purpose, construction, agricultural industries among others. These would enhance the development of cottage industries, promotes farming of shell animals, help to alleviate the unemployment crisis and creation of wealth from substances which would have been regarded as waste.
Rethinking the beginning of the ‘nuclear age’ through telling feminist nuclear stories
Authors: Considine Laura 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBringing a feminist perspective to the global politics of nuclear weapons not only allows us to expand who and what counts as worthy of study in nuclear politics, but also contests core ideas and narratives that have shaped the literature to date. This paper asks how telling feminist nuclear stories rooted in an understanding of the everyday impacts of nuclear weapons challenges the traditional nuclear history. The standard history of ‘the bomb’ focuses on the military-industrial development of the Manhattan Project in the context of World War II, focusing on the figure of the elite male scientist as embodying the unique moral dilemmas of a new ‘nuclear age’. Feminist stories of the development of the first atomic weapons can instead illuminate the marginalised bodies and expansive, everyday harms of the development of nuclear weapons technology, altering both the timeline and the space of nuclear politics.
Chitosan Induces Sorghum Tolerance to Water Deficits by Positively Regulating Photosynthesis and the Production of Primary Metabolites, Osmoregulators, and Antioxidants
Authors: Ávila Roniel Geraldo , Magalhães Paulo César , Vitorino Luciana Cristina , Bessa Layara Alexandre , de Souza Kamila Rezende Dázio , Queiroz Raphael Barros , Jakelaitis Adriano , Teixeira Marconi Batista 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Current climate change scenarios require strategies that mitigate the effects of water deficits. Given that chitosan stimulates induced resistance responses, we tested the hypothesis that foliar application of this polysaccharide can have positive effects on the primary metabolite, antioxidant, and osmoregulatory metabolisms of sorghum, mitigating the effects of water deficit on grain yield. Sorghum plants were cultivated under either irrigated or water-deficit conditions and were either treated or untreated with chitosan, and we assessed the following responses: water potential, gas exchange, nutritional status, biosynthesis of primary and osmoregulatory metabolites, the activity of the antioxidant system constituents, and hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents. An active methodology was used to impose water stress on plants grown in pots with 20 kg of soil, 06 replications per treatment. Sorghum plants subjected to water deficit that were treated with chitosan exhibited higher stomatal conductance and transpiration than the untreated plants. Water restriction reduced the nutrient contents of leaves, but in the irrigated plants, chitosan treatment increased the tissue contents of certain nutrients and leaf concentrations of total proteins and total amino acids. In the plants under water-deficit conditions that were treated with chitosan, an elevated photosynthetic rate contributed to an increase in carbohydrate accumulation and a higher production of panicle and grain dry biomass compared with the untreated plants. The activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase also increased in response to chitosan. Overall, chitosan was effective in enhancing the water deficit tolerance of sorghum plants cultivated under water-deficit conditions by 57%. With this work, we generate perspectives for studies focusing on the development of water-deficit-resistant sorghum lineages, by means of chitosan elicitation.
(EXTRA)ORDINARY EQUIVALENCES WITH THE ASCENDING/DESCENDING SEQUENCE PRINCIPLE
Authors: FIORI-CARONES MARTA , MARCONE ALBERTO , SHAFER PAUL , SOLDÀ GIOVANNI 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe analyze the axiomatic strength of the following theorem due to Rival and Sands [28] in the style of reverse mathematics. Every infinite partial order P of finite width contains an infinite chain C such that every element of P is either comparable with no element of C or with infinitely many elements of C. Our main results are the following. The Rival–Sands theorem for infinite partial orders of arbitrary finite width is equivalent to
$\mathsf {I}\Sigma ^0_{2} + \mathsf {ADS}$
over
$\mathsf {RCA}_0$
. For each fixed
$k \geq 3$
, the Rival–Sands theorem for infinite partial orders of width
$\leq \!k$
is equivalent to
$\mathsf {ADS}$
over
$\mathsf {RCA}_0$
. The Rival–Sands theorem for infinite partial orders that are decomposable into the union of two chains is equivalent to
$\mathsf {SADS}$
over
$\mathsf {RCA}_0$
. Here
$\mathsf {RCA}_0$
denotes the recursive comprehension axiomatic system,
$\mathsf {I}\Sigma ^0_{2}$
denotes the
$\Sigma ^0_2$
induction scheme,
$\mathsf {ADS}$
denotes the ascending/descending sequence principle, and
$\mathsf {SADS}$
denotes the stable ascending/descending sequence principle. To the best of our knowledge, these versions of the Rival–Sands theorem for partial orders are the first examples of theorems from the general mathematics literature whose strength is exactly characterized by
$\mathsf {I}\Sigma ^0_{2} + \mathsf {ADS}$
, by
$\mathsf {ADS}$
, and by
$\mathsf {SADS}$
. Furthermore, we give a new purely combinatorial result by extending the Rival–Sands theorem to infinite partial orders that do not have infinite antichains, and we show that this extension is equivalent to arithmetical comprehension over
$\mathsf {RCA}_0$
.