bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of a risk assessment model in predicting 30 day unplanned hospital readmission in adult patients receiving outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Brenneman Ethan , Funaro Jason , Dicks Kristen , Yarrington Michael , Lee Hui-Jie , Erkanli Alaattin , Hung Frances , Drew Richard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesOutpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is associated with high hospital readmission rates. A 30 day unplanned readmission risk prediction model for OPAT patients has been developed in the UK. Given significant differences in patient mix and methods of OPAT delivery, we explored the model for its utility in Duke University Health System (DUHS) patients receiving OPAT.MethodsWe analysed OPAT episodes of adult patients from two hospitals between 1 July 2019 and 1 February 2020. The discriminative ability of the model to predict 30 day unplanned all-cause and OPAT-related admission was examined. An updated model was created by logistic regression with the UK risk factors and additional risk factors, OPAT delivery in a skilled nursing facility, vancomycin use and IV drug abuse.ResultsCompared with patients of the UK cohort, our study patients were of higher acuity, treated for more invasive infections, and received OPAT through different modes. The 30 day unplanned readmission rate in our cohort was 20% (94/470), with 59.5% (56/94) of those being OPAT-related. The original model was unable to discriminate for all-cause readmission with a C-statistic of 0.52 (95% CI 0.46–0.59) and for OPAT-related readmission with a C-statistic of 0.55 (95% CI 0.47–0.64). The updated model with additional risk factors did not have improved performance, with a C-statistic of 0.55 (95% CI 0.49–0.62).ConclusionsThe UK 30 day unplanned hospital readmission model performed poorly in predicting readmission for the OPAT population at a US academic medical centre.
Artificial intelligence chatbots will revolutionize how cancer patients access information: ChatGPT represents a paradigm-shift
Authors: Hopkins Ashley M , Logan Jessica M , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Sorich Michael J 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOn November 30, 2022, OpenAI enabled public access to ChatGPT, a next-generation artificial intelligence with a highly sophisticated ability to write, solve coding issues, and answer questions. This communication draws attention to the prospect that ChatGPT and its successors will become important virtual assistants to patients and health-care providers. In our assessments, ranging from answering basic fact-based questions to responding to complex clinical questions, ChatGPT demonstrated a remarkable ability to formulate interpretable responses, which appeared to minimize the likelihood of alarm compared with Google’s feature snippet. Arguably, the ChatGPT use case presents an urgent need for regulators and health-care professionals to be involved in developing standards for minimum quality and to raise patient awareness of current limitations of emerging artificial intelligence assistants. This commentary aims to raise awareness at the tipping point of a paradigm shift.
Drug utilization, medication adherence and treatment satisfaction amongst glaucoma patients receiving care at secondary health facilities
Authors: Bello Shakirat I , Ojieabu Winifred A , Yusuf Hadiza 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess treatment satisfaction, medication adherence and drug utilization amongst glaucoma patients receiving care at secondary health facilities.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted amongst glaucoma patients attending eye clinics of General Hospital Ilorin and Civil Service Hospital Ilorin in Kwara State, Nigeria from October 2020 to January 2021. Three hundred and eleven patients were enrolled in the study. Sampling was based on convenience as dictated by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ethical permission and informed consent were obtained before data collection. Validated instruments of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication were used during the data collection process. Descriptive and Chi-square analyses were employed.Key findingsAmongst the 311 patients studied 184(59.2%) were females with a mean age of 63.79 ± 14.89 years. Timolol eye drop was the drug of choice for monotherapy in (8.7%) of patients. Combination therapy of beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors had the highest number (59.5%) of prescriptions. More than half (55.6%) of the patients were adherents. Participants reported being more satisfied with their anti-glaucoma therapy in the domain of global satisfaction (62.89 ± 21.85) followed by medication effectiveness (62.67 ± 20.78) and convenience (60.16 ± 15.79) while medication side effects had the least score (17.17 ± 11.09). There is a statistically significant relationship between patient satisfaction with treatment and medication adherence at P= 0.001.ConclusionsCombination therapy was the most frequently utilized anti-glaucoma agent. Most of the patients adhered to their medications and were satisfied with the treatment received.
Acute cholangitis caused by a huge hepatic simple cyst: a case report
Authors: Phancharoenkit Nichaphat , Thienhiran Anuparp , Burasakarn Pipit , Fuengfoo Pusit , Hongjinda Sermsak 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSimple hepatic cysts are usually asymptomatic and rarely cause complications. Among the rare complications of liver cysts, intracystic hemorrhage is one of the most frequent, and can result in a rapid increase in cyst size. Some simple hepatic cysts may be large and can present with pressure effects, such as abdominal discomfort or obstructive jaundice. A 68-year-old female with a simple huge hepatic cyst was scheduled elective laparoscopic fenestration in 6 weeks. Before the operation, she developed acute cholangitis, resulting from an acute increase in cyst size due to intracystic hemorrhage. Upon open fenestration, 6.1 L of chocolate-like fluid was drained. A huge simple hepatic cyst complicated by intracystic hemorrhage resulted in an acute increase in cyst size. Distortion of the extrahepatic bile duct by the cyst obstructed the bile flow. Acute cholangitis was eventually developed.
FRUCTOSE INSENSITIVE1 regulates stem cell function in Arabidopsis in response to fructose signalling
Authors: Li Yanyan , Sun Wenpei , Yao Yuhan , Zhang Li , Xu Shuwen , Zhang Qian , Huang Tao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Stem cell function in different meristems of Arabidopsis is mainly defined by WUSCHEL (WUS)/WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) family of proteins. Sugars have also been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in stem cell function and development of plants. As a cytosolic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, FRUCTOSE INSENSITIVE1 (FINS1) has been demonstrated to regulate plant growth in response to fructose signalling. However, it remains to be elucidated how stem cell function is regulated in response to fructose signalling. Our work showed that FINS1 interacts with WUS/WOX protein as a complex, which further binds to the promoter of WUS/WOX and regulates its expression in response to fructose signalling. FINS1 might act as a bifunctional factor that promotes WUS/WOX expression in the presence of low concentrations of fructose, and represses WUS/WOX expression in the presence of high concentrations of fructose. Therefore, FINS1 regulates stem cell function in response to fructose signalling during the growth and development of Arabidopsis.
Advances in human organoids-on-chips in biomedical research
Authors: Wang Yaqing , Qin Jianhua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrganoids-on-chips is opening up new frontier of research in biomedical field by combining organoids and organs-on-chips technology. The integrative technology offers great opportunities to maximize the potentials of organoids with higher fidelity, thus building advanced organ model systems in a physiologically relevant manner. In this review, we highlight the key features of organoids-on-chips and how this integrative technology could be used to build organoids in higher fidelity under controlled cellular microenvironment. We then introduce the recent progress of organoids-on-chips and their applications in biomedical research. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges of the nascent field of organoids-on-chips that lie ahead to accelerate their utility in disease research, drug testing, and regenerative medicine.
Type 2 diabetes originated from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Xiong Xuelian , Li Xiaoying 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are highly prevalent metabolic liver diseases. Accumulating epidemiological evidence now indicates that NAFLD and T2DM are strongly associated, yet the causative relationship remains to be elucidated. Liver serves as a hub for nutrient and energy metabolism in the body. Here we demonstrated the pathogenesis linking NAFLD to T2DM through a series of studies and the attenuation of T2DM progression after NALFD improvement in cohort study. We proposed the urgent necessity of NAFLD management and NAFLD drug development, which might be novel therapeutic avenues for T2DM.
Dust-free starburst galaxies at redshiftsz&gt; 10
Authors: Nath Biman B , Vasiliev Evgenii O , Drozdov Sergey A , Shchekinov Yuri A 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTOne of the most distant galaxies GN-z11 was formed when the Universe was ≤400 Myr old, and it displays a burst-like star formation rate ∼25 M⊙ yr−1 with a metallicity Z ∼ 0.2 ± 0.1 Z⊙. It resembles z = 2–3 galaxies (at ‘cosmic noon’) except for the fact that the measured reddening E(B − V) = 0.01 ± 0.01 indicates the presence of little or no dust. This marked absence of dust hints towards violent dynamical events that destroy or evacuate dust along with gas out of the galaxy on a relatively short time-scale and make it transparent. We apply a 3D numerical model to infer possible physical characteristics of these events. We demonstrate that the energetics of the observed star formation rate is sufficient to tear apart the dusty veil on time-scales of 20–25 Myr. This can explain the apparent lack of evolution of ultraviolet luminosity function of galaxies between z ≥ 10 and z ∼ 7, by compensating for the lower galaxy masses at higher redshift by the absence of dust. We show, however, that this is a temporary phenomenon and soon after the last of the supernovae explosions have taken place, the expanding shell shrinks and obscures the galaxy on time-scales of ≈5–8 Myr.
A flash of polarized optical light points to an aspherical ‘cow’
Authors: Maund Justyn R , Höflich Peter A , Steele Iain A , Yang(杨轶) Yi , Wiersema Klaas , Kobayashi Shiho , Jordana-Mitjans Nuria , Mundell Carole , Gomboc Andreja , Guidorzi Cristiano , Smith Robert J 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The astronomical transient AT2018cow is the closest example of the new class of luminous, fast blue optical transients (FBOTs). Liverpool telescope RINGO3 observations of AT 2018cow are reported here, which constitute the earliest polarimetric observations of an FBOT. At $5.7\, \mathrm{days}$ post-explosion, the optical emission of AT2018cow exhibited a chromatic polarization spike that reached $\sim 7{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ at red wavelengths. This is the highest intrinsic polarization recorded for a non-relativistic explosive transient and is observed in multiple bands and at multiple epochs over the first night of observations, before rapidly declining. The apparent wavelength dependence of the polarization may arise through depolarization or dilution of the polarized flux, due to conditions in AT 2018cow at early times. A second ‘bump’ in the polarization is observed at blue wavelengths at $\sim 12\, \mathrm{days}$. Such a high polarization requires an extremely aspherical geometry that is only apparent for a brief period (&lt;1 d), such as shock breakout through an optically thick disk. For a disk-like configuration, the ratio of the thickness to radial extent must be $\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$.
NOEMA spatially resolved view of the multiphase outflow in IRAS17020+4544: a shocked wind in action?
Authors: Longinotti Anna Lia , Salomé Q , Feruglio C , Krongold Y , García-Burillo S , Giroletti M , Panessa F , Stanghellini C , Vega O , Patiño-Álvarez V M , Chavushyan V , Elías-Chavez M , Robleto-Orús A 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy IRAS17020+4544 is one of the few active galactic nuclei (AGNs) where a galaxy-scale energy-conserving outflow was revealed. This paper reports on NOEMA observations addressed to constrain the spatial scale of the CO emission in outflow. The molecular outflowing gas is resolved in five components tracing approaching and receding gas, all located at a distance of 2–3 kpc on the west and east sides of the active nucleus. This high-velocity gas (up to vout = ±1900 km s−1) is not coincident with the rotation pattern of the CO gas in the host galaxy disc. The estimated mass outflow rate shows that with a global mass output of $\dot{M}_{H_2}$ = 139$\pm 20~\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ yr−1, this powerful galaxy-scale outflow is consistent with the wind conserving its energy, and with a momentum rate boost of a factor of ∼30 compared to the momentum rate of the nuclear X-ray wind. Preliminary results from ancillary X-ray (Chandra) and radio images (e-MERLIN) are reported. While the nature of the radio source is not conclusive, the Chandra image may tentatively trace extended emission, as expected by an expanding bubble of hot X-ray gas. The outcome of the NOEMA analysis and of the past and ongoing publications dedicated to the description of the outflow multiband phenomenology in IRAS17020+4544 concur to provide compelling reasons to postulate that an outflow shocking with the galaxy interstellar medium is driving the multiphase wind in this peculiar AGN.
The diversity of rotation curves of simulated galaxies with cusps and cores
Authors: Roper Finn A , Oman Kyle A , Frenk Carlos S , Benítez-Llambay Alejandro , Navarro Julio F , Santos-Santos Isabel M E 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTWe use ΛCDM cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to explore the kinematics of gaseous discs in late-type dwarf galaxies. We create high-resolution 21-cm ‘observations’ of simulated dwarfs produced in two variations of the EAGLE galaxy formation model: one where supernova-driven gas flows redistribute dark matter and form constant-density central ‘cores’, and another where the central ‘cusps’ survive intact. We ‘observe’ each galaxy along multiple sightlines and derive a rotation curve for each observation using a conventional tilted-ring approach to model the gas kinematics. We find that the modelling process introduces systematic discrepancies between the recovered rotation curve and the actual circular velocity curve driven primarily by (i) non-circular gas orbits within the discs; (ii) the finite thickness of gaseous discs, which leads to overlap of different radii in projection; and (iii) departures from dynamical equilibrium. Dwarfs with dark matter cusps often appear to have a core, whilst the inverse error is less common. These effects naturally reproduce an observed trend which other models struggle to explain: late-type dwarfs with more steeply rising rotation curves appear to be dark matter-dominated in the inner regions, whereas the opposite seems to hold in galaxies with core-like rotation curves. We conclude that if similar effects affect the rotation curves of observed dwarfs, a late-type dwarf population in which all galaxies have sizeable dark matter cores is most likely incompatible with current measurements.
Psychometric properties of the HSE Indicator Tool: evidence from Argentina
Authors: Vaamonde J D , Giacobino A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Health and Safety Executive’s Management Standards Indicator Tool (MSIT) is a 35-item self-report questionnaire that assesses seven psychosocial risk factors associated with work-related stress. Although the instrument has been validated in the UK, Italy, Iran and Malta, no validation studies have been carried out in Latin America.AimsTo examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the MSIT among Argentine employees.MethodsA sample of employees of different organizations from Rafaela and Rosario, Argentina, completed an anonymous questionnaire that included the Argentine MSIT and specific scales to measure job satisfaction, workplace resilience and perceived mental and physical health (12-item Short Form Health Survey). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure of the Argentine MSIT.ResultsA total of 532 employees participated in the study (74% response rate). After testing three measurement models, the final respecified model was composed of 24 items distributed in six factors (demands, control, manager support, peer support, relationships and role clarity), showing satisfactory fit indices. The original MSIT change factor was discarded. Composite reliability ranged from 0.70 to 0.82. Although all dimensions showed adequate discriminant validity, convergent validity for control, role clarity and relationships is a matter of concern (average variance extracted values ≤ 0.50). Criterion-related validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between the MSIT subscales and job satisfaction, workplace resilience and mental and physical health.ConclusionsThe Argentine version of the MSIT presents good psychometric properties for use among employees of the region. Further research is needed to provide more evidence on the convergent validity of the questionnaire.
Lessons From the Field: Rapid Antigen Testing Is Efficient and Practical for Mitigation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreaks in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Miller David A , Duncan Lael , Termini Lindsey , Prebil Lee Ann , Witt David , McCurdy Stephen A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundMitigation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is facilitated by rapid identification and isolation of infectious individuals to interrupt viral transmission. Immunochromatographic (IC) tests, or rapid antigen tests, have high sensitivity and specificity during the contagious period for COVID-19. Mathematical modeling predicts frequent IC surveillance will be more efficient than polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategies, especially during community surges when reporting of PCR results can be delayed. However, there are few published field studies evaluating IC testing strategies in this long-term care setting.MethodsIn fall and winter of 2020, the Marin Health and Human Services Department implemented thrice-weekly IC mass testing by nonlaboratory workers in outbreaks that occurred in 2 LTCFs, in addition to then-standard semiweekly PCR testing. The IC test performance was characterized using same-day PCR specimens as reference standard. Cumulative incidence and duration of transmission for the 2 IC intervention facility outbreaks were compared with 6 reference LTCFs that used weekly to semiweekly PCR alone during an outbreak response.ResultsOf 123 same-day test pairs, IC test sensitivity and specificity were 75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48%–93%) and 100% (95% CI, 97%–100%), respectively. The median duration of outbreak transmission was 19.5 days in the 2 intervention sites and 28 days in the reference facilities (P = .40). Cumulative incidence for the outbreaks among LTCF residents was 41% in the intervention facilities versus 52% in the reference facilities (P = .04, Fisher 2-sided exact).ConclusionsThrice-weekly mass IC testing as used by nonlaboratory personnel can be highly practical and effective for COVID-19 outbreak mitigation in the LTCF setting.
CT Radiomics for Predicting Pathological Complete Response of Axillary Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Li Yan-Ling , Wang Li-Ze , Shi Qing-Lei , He Ying-Jian , Li Jin-Feng , Zhu Hai-Tao , Wang Tian-Feng , Li Xiao-Ting , Fan Zhao-Qing , Ouyang Tao , Sun Ying-Shi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnostic effectiveness of traditional imaging techniques is insufficient to assess the response of lymph nodes (LNs) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), especially for pathological complete response (pCR). A radiomics model based on computed tomography (CT) could be helpful.Patients and MethodsProspective consecutive breast cancer patients with positive axillary LNs initially were enrolled, who received NAC prior to surgery. Chest contrast-enhanced thin-slice CT scan was performed both before and after the NAC (recorded as the first and the second CT respectively), and on both of them, the target metastatic axillary LN was identified and demarcated layer by layer. Using pyradiomics-based software that was independently created, radiomics features were retrieved. A pairwise machine learning workflow based on Sklearn (https://scikit-learn.org/) and FeAture Explorer was created to increase diagnostic effectiveness. An effective pairwise auto encoder model was developed by the improvement of data normalization, dimensionality reduction, and features screening scheme as well as the comparison of the prediction effectiveness of the various classifiers,ResultsA total of 138 patients were enrolled, and 77 (58.7%) in the overall group achieved pCR of LN after NAC. Nine radiomics features were finally chosen for modeling. The AUCs of the training group, validation group, and test group were 0.944 (0.919-0.965), 0.962 (0.937-0.985), and 1.000 (1.000-1.000), respectively, and the corresponding accuracies were 0.891, 0.912, and 1.000.ConclusionThe pCR of axillary LNs in breast cancer following NAC can be precisely predicted using thin-sliced enhanced chest CT-based radiomics.
Two isoforms of Arabidopsis protoporphyrinogen oxidase localize in different plastidal membranes
Authors: Hedtke Boris , Strätker Sarah Melissa , Pulido Andrea C Chiappe , Grimm Bernhard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
All land plants encode 2 isoforms of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO). While PPO1 is predominantly expressed in green tissues and its loss is seedling-lethal in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the effects of PPO2 deficiency have not been investigated in detail. We identified 2 ppo2 T-DNA insertion mutants from publicly available collections, one of which (ppo2-2) is a knock-out mutant. While the loss of PPO2 did not result in any obvious phenotype, substantial changes in PPO activity were measured in etiolated and root tissues. However, ppo1 ppo2 double mutants were embryo-lethal. To shed light on possible functional differences between the 2 isoforms, PPO2 was overexpressed in the ppo1 background. Although the ppo1 phenotype was partially complemented, even strong overexpression of PPO2 was unable to fully compensate for the loss of PPO1. Analysis of subcellular localization revealed that PPO2 is found exclusively in chloroplast envelopes, while PPO1 accumulates in thylakoid membranes. Mitochondrial localization of PPO2 in Arabidopsis was ruled out. Since Arabidopsis PPO2 does not encode a cleavable transit peptide, integration of the protein into the chloroplast envelope must make use of a noncanonical import route. However, when a chloroplast transit peptide was fused to the N-terminus of PPO2, the enzyme was detected predominantly in thylakoid membranes and was able to fully complement ppo1. Thus, the 2 PPO isoforms in Arabidopsis are functionally equivalent but spatially separated. Their distinctive localizations within plastids thus enable the synthesis of discrete subpools of the PPO product protoporphyrin IX, which may serve different cellular needs.