bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The short‐term feeding of low‐ and high‐histidine diets prior to market affects the muscle carnosine and anserine contents and meat quality of broilers
Authors: Sharula  , Kai Shinichi , Okada Toru , Shimamoto Saki , Fujimura Shinobu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFunctional dipeptides carnosine and anserine are abundant in muscle. We determined the effect of short‐term dietary histidine (His) content on muscle carnosine and anserine contents and meat quality of broilers. Three groups of 28‐day‐old female broilers were fed diets with His contents of 67%, 100%, or 150% of requirement for 10 days before market (His contents 0.21%, 0.32%, and 0.48%, respectively). The carnosine and anserine contents of 0‐h aged muscle significantly increased with dietary His content; in particular, the carnosine content was 162% higher in the His 0.48% group than in the His 0.32% group. The contents of both peptides also increased with dietary His content in 48‐h aged muscle, but carnosine was not detected in 0‐ and 48‐h aged muscle of the His 0.21% group. The drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, and pH of meat were not affected by the dietary His content. The 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances contents of 24‐ and 48‐h aged muscles were lower in the His 0.48% group than in the other groups, and the a* and b* values were lower in the His 0.21% group. These results suggest that short‐term dietary His content affects imidazole dipeptide contents, antioxidative capacity, and color of broiler meat.
Ticagrelor inverse agonist activity at the P2Y12 receptor is non‐reversible versus its endogenous agonist adenosine 5´‐diphosphate
Authors: Khalil Jawad , Dimofte Tudor , Roberts Timothy , Keith Michael , Amaradasa Kumuthu , Hindle Matthew S. , Bancroft Sukhinder , Hutchinson James L. , Naseem Khalid , Johnson Thomas , Mundell Stuart J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeTicagrelor is labelled as a reversible, direct‐acting platelet P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) antagonist that is indicated clinically for the prevention of thrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). As with many antiplatelet drugs, ticagrelor therapy increases bleeding risk in patients, which may require platelet transfusion in emergency situations. The aim of this study was to further examine the reversibility of ticagrelor at the P2Y12R.Experimental ApproachStudies were performed in human platelets, with P2Y12R‐stimulated GTPase activity and platelet aggregation assessed. Cell‐based bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays were undertaken to assess G protein‐subunit activation downstream of P2Y12R activation.Key ResultsInitial studies revealed that a range of P2Y12R ligands, including ticagrelor, displayed inverse agonist activity at P2Y12R. Only ticagrelor was resistant to washout and, in human platelet and cell‐based assays, washing failed to reverse ticagrelor‐dependent inhibition of ADP‐stimulated P2Y12R function. The P2Y12R agonist 2MeSADP, which was also resistant to washout, was able to effectively compete with ticagrelor. In silico docking revealed that ticagrelor and 2MeSADP penetrated more deeply into the orthosteric binding pocket of the P2Y12R than other P2Y12R ligands.Conclusion and ImplicationsTicagrelor binding to P2Y12R is prolonged and more akin to that of an irreversible antagonist, especially versus the endogenous P2Y12R agonist ADP. This study highlights the potential clinical need for novel ticagrelor reversal strategies in patients with spontaneous major bleeding, and for bleeding associated with urgent invasive procedures.
Personalized medicine with germline pathogenic variants: Importance of population‐ and region‐wide evidence
Authors: Usui Yoshiaki , Momozawa Yukihide 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRare germline pathogenic variants in cancer‐predisposing genes have a high impact and potential for clinical utility. In the last 30 years, based on evidence of cancer risk associated with germline pathogenic variants, several measures have been suggested for personalized medicine, including the development of novel treatments, treatment stratification, risk reduction by surgical measures, chemoprevention, removal of environmental factors, and surveillance for early detection among specific high‐risk individuals. However, this evidence is mainly based on evaluations of European populations. Our large‐scale analyses of more than 100,000 individuals, including 14 disease cases and non‐cancer controls in the Japanese population, suggest some discrepancies in the associations between cancer‐predisposing genes and diseases, expansion of the targeted diseases of BRCA1 and BRCA2, and a potential novel risk‐reduction measure for gastric cancer. They are likely to be explained by population and region variations; therefore, more population‐wide and region‐wide research could provide improved personalized medicine as well as a better understanding of disease mechanisms. This review summarizes current personalized medicine and discusses the potential use of germline pathogenic variants.
Efficacy of a basal insulin dose management smartphone application for controlling fasting blood glucose in patients with type‐2 diabetes mellitus: A single‐centre, randomised clinical study
Authors: Luo Ensi , Wan Jiejun , Su Minting , Wang Jieying , Feng Jiahua , Xie Xia , Hong Xiaocheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of the ‘Walk with you’ application for titrating basal insulin (BI) doses in type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalised patients.MethodsThis was a randomised, single‐centre, open‐label, controlled clinical trial to compare the changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG), time to reach target FBG (FBG‐TRT), incidence of hypoglycaemia events and FBG coefficient of variation in the application group (weight‐based titration of BI dose regimen) and control group (typical adjustment regimen).PatientsThis study selected 173 patients with T2DM using basal–prandial insulin therapy who were admitted to Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan between December 2021 and December 2022. Patients were randomised to the control group or the application group (App group) and then titrated to achieve an FBG concentration of less than 7.0 mmol/L.ResultsThere were 86 patients in the control group and 87 patients in the App group. The FBG concentrations in the control and App groups were decreased by 6.77 ± 4.75 and 5.95 ± 4.06 mmol/L, respectively. The FBG‐TRTs in the control and App groups were 3.80 ± 1.52 and 2.82 ± 1.34 days, respectively (p < .001). Fewer patients in the control group reached the FBG‐TRT within 3 days than in the App group, with 46.5% and 71.3% of patients reaching that target, respectively. There was no significant between‐group difference in hypoglycaemia incidence.ConclusionThe use of this weight‐based insulin dose titration protocol for BI app is effective and safe for achieving the target FBG in noncritically ill patients with T2DM and is free, easy to use and user friendly.
Social work's colonial past with Indigenous children and communities in Australia and Canada: A cross‐national comparison
Authors: Yu Nilan , Morgenshtern Marina , Schmid Jeanette 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article offers a cross‐national comparison of social work in two countries, Australia and Canada, about the care of Indigenous children within the context of colonization and the evolving profession. The discussion is based on data from two empirical studies that examined professional discourse relating to the removal of Indigenous children from their families and Indigenous peoples more broadly within key historical time frames. The studies involved a content analysis of the flagship journals of the Australian and Canadian professional associations. It is argued that a critical interrogation of professional discourse within these historical and national particularities provides insights that can inform a broader understanding of how practices and constructions of social work are shaped within contemporary practice contexts. The studies revealed that very little attention was paid to problematizing colonial policies and practices, including the state‐sanctioned forcible removal of countless Indigenous children from their biological families, while the professions in both countries were complicit in the oppressive treatment of Indigenous peoples that have left a legacy of intergenerational trauma. The findings suggest a way of understanding social work as a discipline beyond the historical specificities of the two countries that has relevance to social work across the globe.
‘You've got to love her’—Perceptions of birth mothers among children in long‐term foster care
Authors: Ie Judite , Ellingsen Ingunn T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch shows differences in gendered caring expectations between mothers and fathers across countries and how they are affected by the development of different family forms and cultural practices. In this study, we explore the meaning that 14 children and youths in long‐term non‐kinship foster care in Spain ascribe to their birth mothers. We found three main perspectives among the participants. Within these perspectives, age, gender and socio‐cultural context seem to be intertwined in how children and youths in foster care perceive their birth mother's role in their lives. The analysis gives insight into the complexity of child–mother relationships and how young people navigate these. In light of these findings, we discuss some practical implications for social workers in child protection services.
Sampling Visible GGX Normals with Spherical Caps
Authors: Dupuy Jonathan , Benyoub Anis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImportance sampling the distribution of visible GGX normals requires sampling those of a hemisphere. In this work, we introduce a novel method for sampling such visible normals. Our method builds upon the insight that a hemispherical mirror reflects parallel light rays uniformly within a solid angle shaped as a spherical cap. This spherical cap has the same apex as the hemispherical mirror, and its aperture given by the angle formed by the orientation of that apex and the direction of incident light rays. Based on this insight, we sample GGX visible normals as halfway vectors between a given incident direction and directions drawn from its associated spherical cap. Our resulting implementation is even simpler than that of Heitz and leads to systematic speed‐ups in our benchmarks.
Data Parallel Multi‐GPU Path Tracing using Ray Queue Cycling
Authors: Wald Ingo , Jaroš Milan , Zellmann Stefan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe propose a novel approach to data‐parallel path tracing on single‐node/multi‐GPU hardware that builds on ray forwarding, but which aims—above all else—at generality and practicability. We do this by avoiding any attempts at reducing the number of traces or forward operations performed, and instead focus on always using all GPUs' aggregate compute and bandwidth to effectively trace each ray on every GPU. We show that—counter‐intuitively—this is both feasible and desirable; and that when run on typical data‐center/cloud hardware, the resulting framework not only achieves good performance and scalability, but also comes with significantly fewer limitations, assumptions, or preprocessing requirements than existing techniques.
Donor safety of remnant liver volumes of less than 30% in living donor liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kim Sang‐Hoon , Kim Ki‐Hun , Cho Hwui‐Dong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThis meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the acceptability of donor remnant liver volume (RLV) to total liver volume (TLV) ratio (RLV/TLV) being <30% as safe in living donor liver transplantations (LDLTs).MethodsOnline databases were searched from January 2000 to June 2022. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed‐ or random‐effects model.ResultsOne prospective and seven retrospective studies comprising 1935 patients (164 RLV/TLV <30% vs. 1771 RLV/TLV ≥30%) were included. Overall (OR = 1.82; 95% CI [1.24, 2.67]; p = .002) and minor (OR = 1.88; 95% CI [1.23, 2.88]; p = .004) morbidities were significantly lower in the RLV/TLV ≥30% group than in the RLV/TLV <30% group (OR = 1.82; 95% CI [1.24, 2.67]; p = .002). No significant differences were noted in the major morbidity, biliary complications, and hepatic dysfunction. Peak levels of bilirubin (SMD = .50; 95% CI [.07, .93]; p = .02) and international normalized ratio (SMD = .68; 95% CI [.04, 1.32]; p = .04) were significantly lower in the RLV/TLV ≥ 30% group than in the RLV/TLV <30% group. No significant differences were noted in the peak alanine transferase and aspartate transaminase levels and hospital stay.ConclusionsConsidering the safety of the donor as the top priority, the eligibility of a potential liver donor in LDLT whose RLV/TLV is expected to be <30% should not be accepted.
Principles for good scholarship in systematic reviews
Authors: Kolaski Kat , Romeiser Logan Lynne , Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany sources document problems that jeopardize the trustworthiness of systematic reviews. This is a major concern given their potential to influence patient care and impact people's lives. Responsibility for producing trustworthy conclusions on the evidence in systematic reviews is borne primarily by authors who need the necessary training and resources to correctly report on the current knowledge base. Peer reviewers and editors are also accountable; they must ensure that systematic reviews are accurate by demonstrating proper methods. To support all these stakeholders, we attempt to distill the sprawling guidance that is currently available in our recent co‐publication about best tools and practices for systematic reviews. We specifically address how to meet methodological conduct standards applicable to key components of systematic reviews. In this complementary invited review, we place these standards in the context of good scholarship principles for systematic review development. Our intention is to reach a broad audience and potentially improve the trustworthiness of evidence syntheses published in the developmental medicine literature and beyond.
Cardiovascular prevention with glucose‐lowering drugs in type 2 diabetes: An evidence‐based approach to the categories of primary and secondary prevention
Authors: Mannucci Edoardo , Silverii Giovanni Antonio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsWhether to recommend specifically the glucose‐lowering therapies with cardiovascular benefit only in secondary prevention, or also in patients with multiple risk factors (MRF) but without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), is controversial across the guidelines for diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis of clinical trials with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as an outcome.ResultsThe definitions of ASCVD and MRF were heterogeneous across trials; nevertheless, the incidence of MACE was 2.8‐fold higher in people with ASCVD in trials with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), and 3.9‐fold in trials with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA). Both SGLT2i and GLP‐1 RA were associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of MACE in people with previous ASCVD [inverse variance‐odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval (0.86: 0.97) for SGLT2i, Mantel‐Haenszel odds ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval (0.81: 0.90) for GLP‐1 RA], whereas no significant reduction was detected in those without; on the other hand, no significant difference in effect was found between the two groups as well. The sample of patients without ASCVD enrolled in clinical trials is insufficient to draw reliable conclusions in this population; however, even assuming the same benefit detected in people with ASCVD also in those with MRF, the number needed to treat would differ (35 for secondary, 99 for primary prevention of a MACE with a SGLT2i; 21 for secondary, 82 for primary prevention with a GLP‐1 RA, respectively), given the difference in absolute cardiovascular risk at baseline.ConclusionThe distinction between patients with ASCVD and those without ASCVD and MRF appears therefore justified by available evidence.
Niche construction and the environmental term of the price equation: How natural selection changes when organisms alter their environments
Authors: Wade Michael J. , Sultan Sonia E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganisms construct their own environments and phenotypes through the adaptive processes of habitat choice, habitat construction, and phenotypic plasticity. We examine how these processes affect the dynamics of mean fitness change through the environmental change term of the Price Equation. This tends to be ignored in evolutionary theory, owing to the emphasis on the first term describing the effect of natural selection on mean fitness (the additive genetic variance for fitness of Fisher's Fundamental Theorem). Using population genetic models and the Price Equation, we show how adaptive niche constructing traits favorably alter the distribution of environments that organisms encounter and thereby increase population mean fitness. Because niche‐constructing traits increase the frequency of higher‐fitness environments, selection favors their evolution. Furthermore, their alteration of the actual or experienced environmental distribution creates selective feedback between niche constructing traits and other traits, especially those with genotype‐by‐environment interaction for fitness. By altering the distribution of experienced environments, niche constructing traits can increase the additive genetic variance for such traits. This effect accelerates the process of overall adaption to the niche‐constructed environmental distribution and can contribute to the rapid refinement of alternative phenotypic adaptations to different environments. Our findings suggest that evolutionary biologists revisit and reevaluate the environmental term of the Price Equation: owing to adaptive niche construction, it contributes directly to positive change in mean fitness; its magnitude can be comparable to that of natural selection; and, when there is fitness G × E, it increases the additive genetic variance for fitness, the much‐celebrated first term.
The sting of negativity: Irad Kimhi and Michael Della Rocca on the Parmenidean challenge
Authors: Koch Anton Friedrich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIrad Kimhi considers the conundrum, first addressed by Parmenides, of how negative facts can be the case and be thought, to be the puzzle that philosophy has been working to solve since Plato and Aristotle and wants to do his part by criticizing Frege's dissociation of sense and force and developing a more Aristotelian account of judgment. Michael Della Rocca considers the conundrum a hopeless aporia that we must avoid by embracing Parmenides' radical monism of being and in a recent article (“Parmenides' insight and the possibility of logic”) aims to show that Kimhi is confronted with exactly the kind of insoluble difficulties that he that finds in Frege. The present article agrees with Kimhi that we can think about what is not the case, although thinking reaches all the way to what IS the case. But Della Rocca is right that Kimhi cannot explain by virtue of what we are able to do this. The counter‐proposal says: (1) Thinking reaches to being in that we have learned to read things in the intersubjective spatial field of consciousness as model tokens of singular propositions about them. (2) Negation can be thought of because thinking has its very origin in absolute, non‐well‐founded negation.
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in patients with double‐seronegative myasthenia gravis
Authors: Martinez‐Harms Rodrigo , Barnett Carolina , Alcantara Monica , Bril Vera 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeDouble‐seronegative myasthenia gravis (dSNMG) is defined as myasthenia gravis (MG) without detectable or low affinity antibodies to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and muscle‐specific kinase (MuSK). There are limited data on detailed clinical features and outcomes after treatment in dSNMG patients. The aim was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in dSNMG patients based on MG scales.MethodsA retrospective study was performed of patients diagnosed with MG who had negative AChR or MuSK antibodies and they were compared with an AChR‐positive MG cohort. Correlations were made with data from the first and last clinic visits, between demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment and disease severity, based on the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America category, Myasthenia Gravis Impairment Index (MGII), Patient Acceptable Symptom State and simple single question (SSQ).ResultsEighty patients met the inclusion criteria for dSNMG. The baseline MGII and SSQ scores in the dSNMG cohort showed no significant differences from the AChR group (p = 0.94 and p = 0.46). The dSNMG cohort MGII and SSQ scores improved significantly at the last clinical evaluation (p = 0.001 and p = 0.047). The MGII improvement in the AChR cohort was significantly better (p = 0.003).ConclusionsThe initial severity of dSNMG based on clinical scores is similar to antibody‐positive MG patients. There is significant clinical improvement in dSNMG patients after therapy, measured in the last clinical evaluation. This supports an immune pathophysiology of many dSNMG patients.
Disentangling the complex landscape of sleep–wake disorders with data‐driven phenotyping: A study of the Bernese center
Authors: Aellen Florence M. , Van der Meer Julia , Dietmann Anelia , Schmidt Markus , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Tzovara Athina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe diagnosis of sleep–wake disorders (SWDs) is challenging because of the existence of only few accurate biomarkers and the frequent coexistence of multiple SWDs and/or other comorbidities. The aim of this study was to assess in a large cohort of well‐characterized SWD patients the potential of a data‐driven approach for the identification of SWDs.MethodsWe included 6958 patients from the Bernese Sleep Registry and 300 variables/biomarkers including questionnaires, results of polysomnography/vigilance tests, and final clinical diagnoses. A pipeline, based on machine learning, was created to extract and cluster the clinical data. Our analysis was performed on three cohorts: patients with central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDHs), a full cohort of patients with SWDs, and a clean cohort without coexisting SWDs.ResultsA first analysis focused on the cohort of patients with CDHs and revealed four patient clusters: two clusters for narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) but not for narcolepsy type 2 or idiopathic hypersomnia. In the full cohort of SWDs, nine clusters were found: four contained patients with obstructive and central sleep apnea syndrome, one with NT1, and four with intermixed SWDs. In the cohort of patients without coexisting SWDs, an additional cluster of patients with chronic insomnia disorder was identified.ConclusionsThis study confirms the existence of clear clusters of NT1 in CDHs, but mainly intermixed groups in the full spectrum of SWDs, with the exception of sleep apnea syndromes and NT1. New biomarkers are needed for better phenotyping and diagnosis of SWDs.