bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within-Host Rhinovirus Evolution in Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Highlights Capsid Variability and Mutation-Independent Compartmentalization
Authors: Makhsous Negar , Goya Stephanie , Avendaño Carlos C , Rupp Jason , Kuypers Jane , Jerome Keith R , Boeckh Michael , Waghmare Alpana , Greninger Alexander L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Rhinovirus (RV) infections can progress from the upper (URT) to lower (LRT) respiratory tract in immunocompromised individuals, causing high rates of fatal pneumonia. Little is known about how RV evolves within hosts during infection.

Methods
We sequenced RV complete genomes from 12 hematopoietic cell transplant patients with infection for up to 190 days from both URT (nasal wash, NW) and LRT (bronchoalveolar lavage, BAL). Metagenomic and amplicon next-generation sequencing were used to track the emergence and evolution of intrahost single nucleotide variants (iSNVs).

Results
Identical RV intrahost populations in matched NW and BAL specimens indicated no genetic adaptation is required for RV to progress from URT to LRT. Coding iSNVs were 2.3-fold more prevalent in capsid over nonstructural genes. iSNVs modeled were significantly more likely to be found in capsid surface residues, but were not preferentially located in known RV-neutralizing antibody epitopes. Newly emergent, genotype-matched iSNV haplotypes from immunocompromised individuals in 2008–2010 could be detected in Seattle-area community RV sequences in 2020–2021.

Conclusions
RV infections in immunocompromised hosts can progress from URT to LRT with no specific evolutionary requirement. Capsid proteins carry the highest variability and emergent mutations can be detected in other, including future, RV sequences.
Sigla storax (Liquidambar orientalis) mitigates in vitro methane production without disturbances in rumen microbiota and nutrient fermentation in comparison to monensin
Authors: Demirtas Ahu , Pacífico Cátia , Gruber Theresa , Chizzola Remigius , Zebeli Qendrim , Khiaosa-ard Ratchaneewan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro dose-dependent effects of sigla storax (Styrax liquidus) on rumen microbiota and rumen microbial fermentation in comparison to monensin as a positive control.

Methods and Results
This study was carried out using a rumen simulation model (Rusitec). Treatments consisted of no additive (control), 10 mg l−1 of monensin sodium salt, 100 mg l−1 (Low-Sigla), and 500 mg l−1 (High-Sigla) of sigla storax (n = 6/treatment). In addition to rumen fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial composition was investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing. The methane variables and the acetate to propionate ratio decreased in the both High-Sigla and monensin groups (P &lt; 0.05). High-Sigla had no effect on ammonia, total SCFA and nutrition degradation, while monensin decreased these parameters (P &lt; 0.05). Unlike monensin, the sigla storax treatments did not affect the alpha or beta diversity indexes of the microbiota. The relative abundance of Methanomethylophilaceae and Ruminococcaceae decreased with High-Sigla and monensin (P &lt; 0.05), and Atopobiaceae and Eggerthellaceae decreased with the both doses of sigla storax as well as monensin treatments (P &lt; 0.05). Syntrophococcus, DNF00809, and Kandleria were among the genera that most decreased with High-Sigla and monensin (Q &lt; 0.07) and were strongly positively correlated with methane production (r = 0.52–0.56).

Conclusions
The high dose of sigla storax (500 mg l−1) decreased methane in the rumen ecosystem without adverse effects on nutrient degradation and SCFA production, and without dramatically impacting the microbial composition. Sigla storax might be a novel feed additive to mitigate methane in cattle.
The transcription factor BnaA9.WRKY47 coordinates leaf senescence and nitrogen remobilization in Brassica napus
Authors: Cui Rui , Feng Yingna , Yao Jinliang , Shi Lei , Wang Sheliang , Xu Fangsen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants, and its remobilization is key for adaptation to deficiency stress. However, there is limited understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of N remobilization in the important crop species Brassica napus (oilseed rape). Here, we report the identification of a transcription factor, BnaA9.WRKY47, that is induced by N starvation in a canola variety. At the seedling stage, BnaA9.WRKY47-overexpressing (OE) lines displayed earlier senescence of older leaves and preferential growth of juvenile leaves compared to the wild type under N starvation. At the field scale, the seed yield was significantly increased in the BnaA9.WRKY47-OE lines compared with the wild type when grown under N deficiency conditions and, conversely, it was reduced in BnaA9.WRKY47-knockout mutants. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that BnaA9.WRKY47 directly activates BnaC7.SGR1 to accelerate senescence of older leaves. In line with leaf senescence, the concentration of amino acids in the older leaves of the OE lines was elevated, and the proportion of plant N that they contained was reduced. This was associated with BnaA9.WRKY47 activating the amino acid permease BnaA9.AAP1 and the nitrate transporter BnaA2.NRT1.7. Thus, the expression of BnaA9.WRKY47 efficiently facilitated N remobilization from older to younger leaves or to seeds. Taken together, our results demonstrate that BnaA9.WRKY47 up-regulates the expression of BnaC7.SGR1, BnaA2.NRT1.7, and BnaA9AAP1, thus promoting the remobilization of N in B. napus under starvation conditions.
A dominant-negative avirulence effector of the barley powdery mildew fungus provides mechanistic insight into barley MLA immune receptor activation
Authors: Crean Emma E , Bilstein-Schloemer Merle , Maekawa Takaki , Schulze-Lefert Paul , Saur Isabel M L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) recognize pathogen effectors to mediate plant disease resistance often involving host cell death. Effectors escape NLR recognition through polymorphisms, allowing the pathogen to proliferate on previously resistant host plants. The powdery mildew effector AVRA13-1 is recognized by the barley NLR MLA13 and activates host cell death. We demonstrate here that a virulent form of AVRA13, called AVRA13-V2, escapes MLA13 recognition by substituting a serine for a leucine residue at the C-terminus. Counterintuitively, this substitution in AVRA13-V2 resulted in an enhanced MLA13 association and prevented the detection of AVRA13-1 by MLA13. Therefore, AVRA13-V2 is a dominant-negative form of AVRA13 and has probably contributed to the breakdown of Mla13 resistance. Despite this dominant-negative activity, AVRA13-V2 failed to suppress host cell death mediated by the MLA13 autoactive MHD variant. Neither AVRA13-1 nor AVRA13-V2 interacted with the MLA13 autoactive variant, implying that the binding moiety in MLA13 that mediates association with AVRA13-1 is altered after receptor activation. We also show that mutations in the MLA13 coiled-coil domain, which were thought to impair Ca2+ channel activity and NLR function, instead resulted in MLA13 autoactive cell death. Our results constitute an important step to define intermediate receptor conformations during NLR activation.
A study of the light bending phenomenon under full general relativity for a pulsar in a binary with a Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Debnath Jyotijwal , Bagchi Manjari , Basu Avishek 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The values of the bending delays in the signal of a radio pulsar in a binary with a stellar mass black hole as a companion have been calculated accurately within a full general relativistic framework considering the Schwarzchid spacetime near the companion. The results match with the pre-existing approximate analytical expressions unless both of the orbital inclination angle and the orbital phase are close to 90°. For such a case, the approximate analytical expressions underestimate the value of the bending delay. On the other hand, for systems like the double pulsar, those expressions are valid throughout the orbital phase, unless its inclination angle is very close to 90°. For a pulsar-black hole binary, the bending phenomenon also increases the strength of the pulse profile and sometimes can lead to a small low intensity tail.
Satellite content and halo mass of galaxy clusters: comparison between red-sequence and halo-based optical cluster finders
Authors: Golden-Marx Jesse B , Zu Ying , Wang Jiaqi , Li Hekun , Zhang Jun , Yang Xiaohu 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Cluster cosmology depends critically on how optical clusters are selected from imaging surveys. We compare the conditional luminosity function (CLF) and weak-lensing (WL) halo masses between two different cluster samples at fixed richness, detected within the same volume (0.1 &lt; z &lt; 0.34) using the red-sequence and halo-based methods. After calibrating our CLF deprojection method against mock galaxy samples, we measure the 3D CLFs by cross-correlating clusters with Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometric galaxies. As expected, the CLFs of red-sequence and halo-based finders exhibit redder and bluer populations, respectively. The red-sequence clusters have a flat distribution of red galaxies at the faint end, while the halo-based clusters host a decreasing faint red and a boosted blue population at the bright end. By comparing subsamples of clusters that have a match between the two catalogues to those without matches, we discover that the CLF shape is mainly caused by the different cluster centroiding. However, the average WL halo mass between the matched and non-matched clusters is consistent with each other in either cluster sample for halos with λ &gt; 30 ($M_{h}^{\mathrm{WL}}\gt 1.5\times 10^{14}h^{-1}{\rm M}_{\odot }$). Since the colour preferences of the two cluster finders are almost orthogonal, such a consistency indicates that the scatter in the mass–richness relation of either cluster sample is close to random. Therefore, while the choice of how optical clusters are identified impacts the satellite content, our result suggests that it should not introduce strong systematic biases in cluster cosmology, except for the λ &lt; 30 regime.
Polarization measurements of Arecibo-sky pulsars: Faraday rotations and emission-beam analyses
Authors: Rankin Joanna , Venkataraman Arun , Weisberg Joel M , Curtin Alice P 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We present Faraday rotation measure (RM) values derived at L and P bands as well as some 60 Stokes-parameter profiles, both determined from our long-standing Arecibo dual-frequency pulsar polarimetry programmes. Many of the RM measurements were carried out towards the inner Galaxy and the anticentre on pulsars with no previous determination, while others are remeasurements intended to confirm or improve the accuracy of existing values. Stokes-parameter profiles are displayed for the 58 pulsars for which no meaningful Stokes profile at lower frequency is available and 4 without a high-frequency pair. This is a population that includes many distant pulsars in the inner Galaxy. A number of these polarized pulse profiles exhibit clear interstellar-scattering tails; none the less, we have attempted to interpret the associated emission-beam structures and to provide morphological classifications and geometrical models where possible.
Testing quasi-linear modified Newtonian dynamics theory with Galactic globular clusters in a weak external field
Authors: Sollima A , Nipoti C , Calura F , Pascale R , Baumgardt H 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We developed self-consistent dynamical models of stellar systems in the framework of quasi-linear modified Newtonian dynamics (QUMOND). The models are constructed from the anisotropic distribution function of Gunn and Griffin, combined with the modified Poisson equation defining this gravitation theory and take into account the external field effect. We have used these models, and their Newtonian analogues, to fit the projected density and the velocity dispersion profiles of a sample of 18 Galactic globular clusters, using the most updated data sets of radial velocities and Gaia proper motions. We have thus obtained, for each cluster, estimates of the dynamical mass-to-light ratio (M/L) for each theory of gravity. The selected clusters have accurate proper motions and a well-sampled mass function down to the very low-mass regime. This allows us to constrain the degree of anisotropy and to provide, from comparison with stellar evolution isochrones, a dynamics-independent estimate of the minimum mass-to-light ratio (M/L)min. Comparing the best-fitting dynamical M/L with (M/L)min, we find that for none of the analysed clusters the two gravity theories are significantly incompatible with the observational data, although for one of them (NGC 5024) the dynamical M/L predicted by QUMOND lies at 2.8σ below (M/L)min. Though the proposed approach suffers from some limitations (in particular the lack of a treatment of mass segregation), the obtained results suggest that the kinematics of globular clusters in a relatively weak external field can be a powerful tool to prove alternative theories of gravitation.
The problem of dust attenuation in photometric decomposition of edge-on galaxies and possible solutions
Authors: Savchenko Sergey S , Poliakov Denis M , Mosenkov Aleksandr V , Smirnov Anton A , Marchuk Alexander A , Il’in Vladimir B , Gontcharov George A , Seguine Jonah , Baes Maarten 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The presence of dust in spiral galaxies affects the ability of photometric decompositions to retrieve the parameters of their main structural components. For galaxies in an edge-on orientation, the optical depth integrated over the line of sight is significantly higher than for those with intermediate or face-on inclinations, so it is only natural to expect that for edge-on galaxies, dust attenuation should severely influence measured structural parameters. In this paper, we use radiative transfer simulations to generate a set of synthetic images of edge-on galaxies that are then analysed via decomposition. Our results demonstrate that for edge-on galaxies, the observed systematic errors of the fit parameters are significantly higher than for moderately inclined galaxies. Even for models with a relatively low dust content, all structural parameters suffer offsets that are far from negligible. In our search for ways to reduce the impact of dust on retrieved structural parameters, we test several approaches, including various masking methods and an analytical model that incorporates dust absorption. We show that using such techniques greatly improves the reliability of decompositions for edge-on galaxies.
Cost-Effectiveness of Four Tobacco Control Interventions in Mongolia
Authors: Tuvdendorj Ariuntuya , Feenstra Talitha , Buskens Erik 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this study is to quantify the cost-effectiveness of four tobacco control interventions: Tobacco taxation, mass media campaigns, school programs, and cessation support, and to illustrate how available evaluation tools can be adapted to the local setting.

Aims and Methods
We used the dynamic population health modeling-health impact assessment tool to project the future smoking prevalence associated with the interventions and to simulate the resulting smoking-related disease burden over time. Applying the most recent available national Mongolian data as input, the costs and effects of four interventions were compared to a business-as-usual scenario, resulting in costs per life year gained and per disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted.

Results
Three years after implementation, all interventions reduce the prevalence of current smoking, with the strongest reduction observed with the increase in tobacco tax (5.1% points), followed by mass media campaigns (1.6% points), school programs (1.3% points), and cessation support interventions (0.6% points). School programs were a cost-saving tobacco control intervention compared to current practice in Mongolia, while the other programs resulted in additional costs compared to business as usual. Compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds, all interventions would be considered “very cost-effective” in terms of cost per DALY averted (below US$ 4295 per DALY averted) in Mongolia.

Conclusions
Large-scale interventions such as taxation and mass media campaigns result in both cost-effectiveness and important health benefits in relation to intervention costs. Reducing the prevalence of smoking among the male population would be particularly worthwhile in Mongolia.

Implications
This study shows that in Mongolia school programs were a cost-saving intervention, while the cost-effectiveness ratios were US$ 25 per disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted for mass media campaigns, US$ 74 for taxation, and US$ 1961 for cessation support interventions. Compared to the WHO thresholds, all interventions would be considered “very cost-effective” in terms of expenses per DALY averted (&lt;US$ 4295 per DALY averted), making it beneficial to scale up the WHO-Monitor tobacco use and prevention, Protect people from smoke, Offer help to quit smoking, Warn about the danger, Enforce bans, and Raise taxes (MPOWER) interventions to reduce the burden from smoking in Mongolia.
MRI-guided focused ultrasound ablation of painful lumbar facet joints: a retrospective assessment of safety and tolerability in human subjects
Authors: Tiegs-Heiden Christin A , Hesley Gina K , Long Zaiyang , Lu Aiming , Lamer Tim J , Gorny Krzysztof R , Hangiandreou Nicholas J , Lehman Vance T 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the safety and tolerability of MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) for the treatment of facet joint–mediated pain in human subjects for whom conventional treatment had failed. Secondarily, to evaluate effectiveness of the procedure.

Methods
Consecutive patients who underwent MRgFUS at our institution were retrospectively identified. Chart review was performed to obtain relevant clinical and technical data. All patients had chronic low back pain and positive comparative medial branch blocks.

Results
Twenty-six MRgFUS treatments in 20 patients were included. Mean sonication energy was 1436.6 Joules. The procedure was technically successful in all patients. Of the treated patients, 29.6% experienced short-term worsening of low back pain immediately after the procedure, all by 1–4 points on a 0–10 scale. One patient (3.8%) reported temporary worsening of preexisting radicular symptoms after the procedure. Of 21 treatments with clinical follow-up of at least 3 months available, 12 (57.1%) had &gt;3 months’ pain relief, 2 (10%) had &lt;3 months’ benefit, 6 (30%) reported no benefit, and 1 (5%) patient was lost to follow-up. In patients who reported at least some benefit with prior conventional radiofrequency ablation, 8/10 (80%) benefited from the MRgFUS procedure.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates that MRgFUS ablation of the lumbar facet joints is a safe and tolerable procedure in human subjects and could provide another option for patients for whom radiofrequency ablation had failed. More than half of all patients received significant durable pain relief, which jumped to 80% for patients who had experienced at least some benefit from prior radiofrequency ablations.
Factors Associated with Interviewers’ Evaluations of Respondents’ Performance in Telephone Interviews: Behavior, Response Quality Indicators, and Characteristics of Respondents and Interviewers
Authors: Garbarski Dana , Dykema Jennifer , Schaeffer Nora Cate , Jones Cameron P , Neman Tiffany S , Edwards Dorothy Farrar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Interviewers’ postinterview evaluations of respondents’ performance (IEPs) are paradata, used to describe the quality of the data obtained from respondents. IEPs are driven by a combination of factors, including respondents’ and interviewers’ sociodemographic characteristics and what actually transpires during the interview. However, relatively few studies examine how IEPs are associated with features of the response process, including facets of the interviewer-respondent interaction and patterns of responding that index data quality. We examine whether features of the response process—various respondents’ behaviors and response quality indicators—are associated with IEPs in a survey with a diverse set of respondents focused on barriers and facilitators to participating in medical research. We also examine whether there are differences in IEPs across respondents’ and interviewers’ sociodemographic characteristics. Our results show that both respondents’ behaviors and response quality indicators predict IEPs, indicating that IEPs reflect what transpires in the interview. In addition, interviewers appear to approach the task of evaluating respondents with differing frameworks, as evidenced by the variation in IEPs attributable to interviewers and associations between IEPs and interviewers’ gender. Further, IEPs were associated with respondents’ education and ethnoracial identity, net of respondents’ behaviors, response quality indicators, and sociodemographic characteristics of respondents and interviewers. Future research should continue to build on studies that examine the correlates of IEPs to better inform whether, when, and how to use IEPs as paradata about the quality of the data obtained.
Increased risk of cardiovascular disease preceding diagnosis of incident ANCA-associated vasculitis: a Danish nationwide study
Authors: Nygaard Louis , Polcwiartek Christoffer , Nelveg-Kristensen Karl Emil , Carlson Nicholas , Kristensen Salome , Torp-Pedersen Christian ,   DANVAS Investigators, Gregersen Jon Waarst 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
To examine whether patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the months prior to diagnosis of AAV.

Methods
Using a nested case–control framework, patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis were identified through the Danish Nationwide Registries from 1996 to 2021 and matched 1:3 with age- and sex-matched controls without AAV. Each control was assigned the same index date (date of AAV diagnosis) as their corresponding case. Conditional logistic regression was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), ischaemic heart disease, coronary angiogram, heart failure, venous thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic stroke, pericarditis and ventricular arrhythmias/implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation/cardiac arrest (VA/ICD/CA) within 12 months, 6 months, 3 months, 2 months and 1 month before index date.

Results
A total of 2371 patients with AAV (median age 63 years, 53.7% male) were matched with 7113 controls. The prevalence of any cardiovascular outcome and MACE within 12 months preceding index date were 10.3% and 2.4% for AAV, compared with 3.8% [HR 3.05 (95% CI 2.48–3.75)] and 1.3% [HR 1.98 (95% CI 1.39–2.82)] of controls. The risk of cardiovascular outcomes was similarly increased in temporal proximity to the diagnosis, with the highest HR at 1 month prior to index date: any cardiovascular outcome [HR 10.73 (95% CI 7.05–16.32)] and MACE [HR 5.78 (95% CI 2.67–12.52)]. In individual analysis, a significantly higher rate was observed for all outcomes (excluding VA/ICD/CA).

Conclusions
AAV disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the months preceding diagnosis, which underlines the importance of early clinical vigilance towards cardiovascular disease.