bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
109 Inter- and Intra-Laboratory Comparison of 6 Dustiness Testing Methods: Towards the Development of an OECD Testing Guideline
Authors: Carrasco Carla Ribalta , Fonseca Ana Sofia , Pohl Anna , Vignes Alexis , Bjerregaard Søren S , Shandilya Neeraj , Evans Douglas , Kuhlbusch Thomas A J , Bouillard Jacques , Jensen Keld A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dustiness is a key parameter describing the ability of powder materials to generate dust during agitation. The main goal of this work was to generate and assess the scientific basis for the validation and applicability of 6 dustiness methods to nanomaterials, and development of a subsequent OECD testing guideline. Six dustiness methods (rotating drum, small rotating drum, continuous drop, vortex shaker, fluidizer and venturi) were subjected to an intra- and inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) in which 15 international laboratories participated. ILC tests were conducted for 6 materials (3 TiO2 and 3 SiO2) of different chemical natures and dustiness levels. Each participating laboratory conducted at least 3 replicates per material. Harmonization of procedures, methods and data treatment took place prior to testing. Results from the ILC were assessed considering the different reported metrics such as respirable mass and particle number dustiness index. Overall, the intralaboratory variability for the different methods and metrics was under 30%. Variation between laboratories was generally higher for respirable mass than particle number dustiness index. These variations were mostly attributed to differences in setups such as tubing length or instrumentation. All methods except the venturi, which was characteristic for presenting low differences between materials and opposed classification to the rest of the methods, showed relatively similar material ranking. For all methods and laboratories the calculated z-score (measure of the deviation of each laboratory from the true value) was &lt;2 as based on ISO 13528, which indicates gratifying results.
Funding: EU H2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement 814401.
Incidence and prevalence of generalized pustular psoriasis in multiethnic Johor Bahru, Malaysia: a population-based cohort study using routinely captured electronic health records in the Teleprimary Care (TPC®) clinical information system from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Choon Siew Eng , Wright Alison K , Griffiths Christopher E M , Wong Kit Wan , Tey Kwee Eng  , Lim Yee Ting , Chua Keow Yin , Ashcroft Darren M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
There is limited understanding of the epidemiology of generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) internationally, with no population-based estimates of GPP in South East Asia.

Objectives
To determine the incidence and prevalence of GPP in the Malaysian population and characterize its flares and trigger factors.

Methods
We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Teleprimary Care database between January 2010 and December 2020. We identified 230 dermatologist-confirmed GPP cases using International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, diagnostic codes. Annual prevalence and incidence rates were stratified by age, sex and ethnicity. We compared data regarding flares and trigger factors for patients with GPP who had associated psoriasis vulgaris (PV) with those who did not have associated PV.

Results
The prevalence of GPP was 198 per million (267 women, 127 men) and incidence was 27.2 per million person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) 22.8–31.6]; 35.3 (28.4–42.2) per million person-years for women and 18.3 (13.1–23.5) per million person-years for men. Rates were higher in Chinese individuals [prevalence 271 per million; incidence 41.6 per million person-years (28.9–54.3)] than in the Malay population [prevalence 186; incidence 24.6 (19.4–29.7)] or the Indian ethnic group [prevalence 179; incidence 25.0 (13.8–36.3)]. Annual prevalence was consistently higher in women than in men and highest among the Chinese population, followed by the Indian and Malay populations. Overall, 67% of patients with GPP had associated PV. The prevalence and incidence of GPP without PV were lower than GPP with PV at 66 vs. 132 per million and 19.3 (95% CI 15.6–23.0) vs. 8.0 (95% CI 5.6–10.3) per million person-years, respectively. The mean age at GPP onset was 42.7 years (SD 18.4). A bimodal trend in the age of GPP onset was observed, with first and second peaks at age 20–29 years and age 50–59 years, respectively. Disease onset was significantly earlier in patients with GPP without PV than in those with PV [mean age 37.5 years (SD 20.7) vs. 44.9 years (SD 17.0), P = 0.026]. Flares occurred more frequently in patients without PV than in those with PV [mean number of flares per patient per year was 1.35 (SD 0.77) vs. 1.25 (SD 0.58), P = 0.039]. Common triggers of flares in patients with GPP who did not have PV were infections, pregnancy, menstruation and stress, whereas withdrawal of therapy, particularly systemic corticosteroids, was a more frequent trigger in patients with GPP who also had PV.

Conclusions
Our findings contribute to the global mapping of GPP, which will help inform the management of this rare condition.
O090 TRANSCRIPTOMICS OF BREAST CANCER TUMOUR AND NORMAL ADJACENT TUMOUR TISSUE REVEAL DIFFERENTIAL IMMUNE-ADIPOSE-CANCER GENE EXPRESSION
Authors: Foley C , Cullinane C , Redmond H P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Surgical-related immunity dysfunction in normal adjacent tumour (NAT) tissue of breast cancer (BC) patients is associated with BC recurrence. Characterising inflammation and immunosuppression in NAT tissue at the time of surgical excision of the tumour, using transcriptomics, may reveal a tissue phenotype more vulnerable to surgical-related immunity dysfunction.

Methods
RNA-Seq read counts from matched BC patient tumour and NAT tissues from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) (n=54) and from University College Cork (UCC) & Cork University Hospital (CUH) biobank (n=10) were used. Differential gene expression was analysed using EdgeR and pathway analysis by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis using Hallmark gene sets. Immune cell subsets were deconvoluted using CIBERSORTx using the LM22 signature matrix. Genes were significantly different with a False Discovery Rate (FDR)&lt;0.1 and pathways enriched with an FDR&lt;0.25.

Results
Adipogenesis and IL6 JAK STAT3 signalling pathways were enriched in NAT and not in tumour tissue (FDR&lt;0.25). Adipogenesis genes ADIPOQ, FABP4, CD36, LPL and PPARG and IL6 were significantly upregulated in NAT relative to tumour (FDR&lt;0.1). Patients stratified on NAT expression of these genes, with higher expression had worse overall survival (OS)(p&lt;0.05). There was no difference in patient OS, stratified on tumour expression of ADIPOQ and IL6. M2 macrophages were significantly increased in NAT relative to tumour(p&lt;0.05). Patients with more M2 macrophages in tumours had significantly worse OS(p&lt;0.05). There was no difference in OS for NAT tissue with more M2 macrophages.

Conclusion
Surgical-related immunity dysfunction in NAT breast tissue, may worsen postoperative immune-adipose-residual breast cancer cell interactions, contributing to poorer patient outcome.
O102 Rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) coupled with the hydrosurgical debridement system and the carbon dioxide surgical laser: a proof of concept study in porcine tissues
Authors: Pruekprasert K , Simon D , Davies A , Takats Z , Onida S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) is a tissue profiling technology that allows for rapid information. The successful integration of this technology with surgical devices can be beneficial for diagnostic, prognostic, and individualised treatment purposes.

Objectives
To access the feasibility of coupling REIMS with the hydrosurgical debridement device and the carbon dioxide surgical laser.

Methods
The 3D printing attachments and circuit connections were designed for device couplings. The aerosols generated from the hydrosurgical debridement device in terms of mist (applying to porcine liver vs kidney tissue samples), and the carbon dioxide laser in terms of smoke (applying to porcine liver vs kidney cortex vs kidney medulla) were collected for REIMS analysis. The abstract models for tissue classification were built from the obtained mass spectrometry data using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) dimensional reduction technique. The abstract models were cross-validated and the real-time classifications of different tissue types were tested in both coupling platforms.

Results
The real-time spectral data signals were reliably achieved from both coupling platforms. For REIMS-hydrosurgical debridement coupling, the abstract model was successfully built from 804 spectra obtained from multiple porcine liver and kidney samples. The cross-validation resulted in 98.01% correct classification rate between the two types of tissue. For REIMS-carbon dioxide laser platform, the abstract model built from 1,454 spectra of porcine tissue samples (liver vs kidney cortex vs kidney medulla) demonstrated 94.36% correct classification rate of the three tissue types.

Conclusion
REIMS can be coupled with the hydrosurgical debridement device and the carbon dioxide surgical laser with accurate real-time classification of porcine tissues. These platforms have the potential for future translational applications in the clinical arena.
O109 Pelvic fracture incidence in EU15+ countries: trends over a 30-year period
Authors: Hagroo A , Ali R , Goodall R , Sugand K , Borsky K , Salciccioli J , Marshall D , Shalhoub J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Pelvic fractures (PF) are relatively uncommon but account for approximately 3% of all skeletal injuries. We aimed to assess the burden of PFs across high health expenditure countries by describing the trends in PF incidence rates over the last three decades.

Methods
Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study database, we extracted sex specific PF age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) from 1990-2019 for each of the 19 European Union (EU) 15+ countries. We performed Joinpoint regression analysis to characterise the trends.

Results
Over the 30-year period of study, 89% of countries experienced a decline in ASIRs for males, with a median percentage change of -11.8%, in comparison to females where 53% of countries experienced an increase in ASIR (median percentage increase of +3.1%). For females, the largest increases in PF incidence were observed in the Netherlands and Belgium; these were also the only two counties with increased overall PF incidence in males over the study period observed. The countries with the greatest decrease in ASIRs were Italy and Denmark for females and Portugal and Spain for males. Joinpoint regression identified that over the time periods covered by the most recent trends, PF incidence rates had increased in 58% of countries for females and 52% of countries for males.

Conclusion
We found overall decreased incidences of PFs amongst males over the last 3 decades, compared with increased incidence in females. However, joinpoint regression analysis demonstrated a trend towards rising incidence of PFs amongst both males and females in recent years.
O114 Non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head and its association with cardio-vascular disease: a case control study
Authors: Srivastava S , Menon J , Austine J , Ramesh A , Ahuja S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Many parallels have been drawn in the past between the ischaemic process in the femoral head and in other organs like the heart (myocardial ischemia) and brain (stroke) suggesting similarities in their etio-pathogenesis. We aimed to study the relationship between coronary heart disease after non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (ONFH) by assessing the cardio-vascular profile utilizing non-invasive methods.

Methods
A case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to determine the association between non-traumatic ONFH and cardio-vascular pathology using non-invasive methods that assessed intravascular (lipid profile), microvascular (retinal fundoscopy) and macrovascular (ophthalmic and carotid doppler) parameters.

Results
48 patients were analysed, which comprised 24 cases and 24 controls, with each group consisting of 16 males and 8 females. Mean age of cases and controls were 37.08 ± 11.81 and 37.25 ± 11.67. Steroid intake (45.83%) was the most common predisposing factor, followed by chronic alcohol intake(25%). The ophthalmic and carotid artery doppler and lipid profile measurements did not find any statistically significant difference between the cases and controls. Fundus examination revealed C/D ratio of &lt;0.3, foveal reflex and normal optic disc in all cases.

Conclusion
Though it is believed that non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head precedes the development of coronary artery disease, our study did not identify any significant relationship between the two when assessed by colour doppler of the ophthalmic and carotid arteries. The lipid profile characteristics of cases and controls showed no statistically significant variation.
O125 The impact of R0 versus R1 resection on survival after surgery for pancreatic cancer and distal cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Adiamah A , Mohammad F , Hanks M , Wong T , Kandiah K , Zaitoun A M , Lobo D N 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and distal cholangiocarcinoma are characterised by poor overall survival, even after curative resection. We sought to determine if R0 versus R1 status affected survival.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients who underwent pancreatic resection for PDAC or distal cholangiocarcinoma between Jan 2001 and Dec 2021 at a tertiary HPB unit in the UK. Demographic characteristics and operative outcomes were compared using chi-squared testing and Mann Whitney-U test. The overall survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves with the log-rank test used to estimate the equality of survival between patients with R0 and R1 resections.

Results
In total 191 patients were included, of whom 87 (45.5%) hade R0 resections and 104 (54.5%) were R1 resections. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics such as age (p=0.5186), gender (p=0.146) and morbidity (p=0.947). The location of tumour and operative procedure also did not differ between R0 and R1 resections. There were however significant differences in the size of tumour, median (IQR) 26 (20-36.5) mm in R0 and 30 (25-40) mm in R1 resections and the total number of lymph nodes excised 12 (8-16) vs 15 (11-19), p=0.0049 in R0 and R1 resections respectively. The total positive lymph nodes were also higher in R1 resection with 2 (1-5) nodes compared with 0 (0-2) nodes, p=0.0001. The overall median survival was shorter after R1 resections [1.53 years (0.67-2.72) v 2.40 years (1.15-4.85), p=0.0046].

Conclusion
The tumour margin status directly impacts overall survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.
O172 Room for improvement: a multi-centre audit of our current compliance with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines in Ireland
Authors: Giblin K , Hill G , Naana O , Dowling G , Stevens N , Hill A , O’Donnell S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
In 2017, a national point prevalence study in Ireland showed low compliance with Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis (SAP) duration, with 70% of prescriptions exceeding recommended duration. We hypothesise that there has been little improvement since then and we aim to define our compliance issues more broadly than duration alone.

Methods
To assess compliance with SAP guidelines at a locally, a multi-site audit was conducted over a 14-day period in July 2022. Data was collected at one major, public hospital and one private hospital, both in the Dublin region. Procedures performed in an operating theatre from all surgical specialties were audited.

Results
A total of 303 procedures were audited across both sites with 165 public and 138 private included. Overall, compliance with local SAP guidance, according to indication, duration and agent was present in 72 patients (23.7%). Performance in both centres was similar (22% public versus 26% private). Of patients in whom SAP was indicated, all 182 (100%) received it. 91 patients (30%), had no indication for SAP. 19 patients (21.1%) still received SAP despite having no indication. Antibiotic duration surpassed 48 h in 58 (25%) procedures, with 40 (17.5%) receiving antibiotic prophylaxis for more than 6 days. Compliance with appropriate agent recommendation was 43.5%.

Conclusion
Compliance with SAP guidance is low. Despite contrasting work processes in public versus private settings, compliance with SAP guidelines are similar. Work is currently underway to identify barriers to compliance in order to implement quality improvement initiatives and to address this.
P01 Mentorship in United Kingdom plastic surgery
Authors: Campos M , Brady C , Nikkhah D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
A cornerstone of the Halstedian model of surgical training is a reliance on mentors to support and guide trainees in taking on increasing levels of responsibility. In the UK, however, there are significant barriers to effective mentorship which are affecting the quality of training and the satisfaction of trainees, with 85% of UK Plastic Surgery trainees reporting they do not have access to a mentoring service.

Methods
A round robin brainstorming session at the Royal Free Hospital Plastic Surgery department brought together clinicians ranging from foundation year doctors to consultants. The barriers to effective mentorship and potential solutions were discussed.

Results and Conclusion
Key barriers identified included the fragmented nature of training, with short rotations of -12 months, and the non-run-through nature of training leading to the loss of motivated trainees at each stage of competition. Proposed solutions included a transition to run-through training, with smaller deaneries allowing trainees to progress within a handful of units, increasing stability, satisfaction and mentorship. This could also be achieved by expanding the number of academic trainees, with guaranteed national training numbers and greater levels of mentorship from academic supervisors. Another proposal was a transition to the “old-school-firm style workforce”, with consultants allocated their own registrar, core trainee and foundation year doctor –promoting continuity of care, collaboration and mentorship. Finally, a nationwide mentorship scheme was postulated, with consultants supporting registrars who subsequently support junior trainees. Such a scheme should be driven by a national organisation such as BAPRAS, standardising its reaching to all UK units.
P10 Do chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have a role as radiosensitisers in the treatment of cancer? A systematic review
Authors: Chohan M S , Goyal K , Fok M , Hill R , Kler A , Vimalachandran D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Radiotherapy remains a mainstay treatment for many cancers often prior to surgery. Radiosensitisers are chemical or pharmaceutical agents that can enhance the effect of radiotherapy on tumour cells and can potentially de-escalate treatments including the need for surgery. Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are used as anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial agents but have shown to be promising radio sensitising agents. This systematic review assesses their role as radiosensitisers for the treatment of cancer and explored both pre-clinical and clinical trial evidence.

Methods
Studies that reported the use of CQ or HCQ as a radiosensitiser as either neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy were identified via systematic review. It was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42022329779). Five databases were searched for articles.

Results
30 papers were selected for review following our screening process. In 6 of the 8 clinical studies, CQ showed disease regression or increased overall survival for patients who were treated with a combination of radiotherapy and CQ. One study did not show any improvement in patient outcomes for HCQ. Most studies were performed for glioblastoma multiforme. 2 of the 3 in vitro/in vivo studies illustrated CQ as a viable radiosensitiser showing reduced tumour growth. However, multiple clinical trials were terminated due to poor patient accrual.

Conclusion
There are a limited number of preclinical and clinical trials investigating CQ and HCQ as radiosensitisers. There is evidence to suggest CQ may have a role as a radiosensitiser but there needs to be a call for more preclinical and clinical evidence.
Bi-allelic variants of FILIP1 cause congenital myopathy, dysmorphism and neurological defects
Authors: Roos Andreas , van der Ven Peter F M , Alrohaif Hadil , Kölbel Heike , Heil Lorena , Della Marina Adela , Weis Joachim , Aßent Marvin , Beck-Wödl Stefanie , Barresi Rita , Töpf Ana , O’Connor Kaela , Sickmann Albert , Kohlschmidt Nicolai , El Gizouli Magdeldin , Meyer Nancy , Daya Nassam , Grande Valentina , Bois Karin , Kaiser Frank J , Vorgerd Matthias , Schröder Christopher , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike , Gangfuss Andrea , Evangelista Teresinha , Röbisch Luisa , Hentschel Andreas , Grüneboom Anika , Fuerst Dieter O , Kuechler Alma , Tzschach Andreas , Depienne Christel , Lochmüller Hanns 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Filamin-A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) is a structural protein that is involved in neuronal and muscle function and integrity and interacts with FLNa and FLNc. Pathogenic variants in filamin-encoding genes have been linked to neurological disorders (FLNA) and muscle diseases characterized by myofibrillar perturbations (FLNC), but human diseases associated with FILIP1 variants have not yet been described. Here, we report on five patients from four unrelated consanguineous families with homozygous FILIP1 variants (two nonsense and two missense).
Functional studies indicated altered stability of the FILIP1 protein carrying the p.[Pro1133Leu] variant. Patients exhibit a broad spectrum of neurological symptoms including brain malformations, neurodevelopmental delay, muscle weakness and pathology and dysmorphic features. Electron and immunofluorescence microscopy on the muscle biopsy derived from the patient harbouring the homozygous p.[Pro1133Leu] missense variant revealed core-like zones of myofibrillar disintegration, autophagic vacuoles and accumulation of FLNc. Proteomic studies on the fibroblasts derived from the same patient showed dysregulation of a variety of proteins including FLNc and alpha-B-crystallin, a finding (confirmed by immunofluorescence) which is in line with the manifestation of symptoms associated with the syndromic phenotype of FILIP1opathy.
The combined findings of this study show that the loss of functional FILIP1 leads to a recessive disorder characterized by neurological and muscular manifestations as well as dysmorphic features accompanied by perturbed proteostasis and myopathology.
Using racial discourse communities to audit personalization algorithms
Authors: Stoldt Ryan , Maragh-Lloyd Raven , Havens Tim , Ekdale Brian , High Andrew C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Personalization algorithms are the information undercurrent of the digital age. They learn users’ behaviors and tailor content to individual interests and predicted tastes. These algorithms, in turn, categorize and represent these users back to society—culturally, politically, and racially. Researchers audit personalization algorithms to critique the ways bias is perpetuated within these systems. Yet, research examining the relationship between personalization algorithms and racial bias has not yet contended with the complexities of conceptualizing race. This article argues for the use of racialized discourse communities within algorithm audits, providing a way to audit algorithms that accounts for both the historical and cultural influences of race and its measurement online.