bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of rotary instrumentational speeds on foraminal deformation: An in vitro study
Authors: Arıcan Burçin , Uysal Betül Aycan 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
The effect of the rotational speed on the performance of endodontic therapies has been unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the foraminal deformation (FD) caused by two rotary instrument systems with different rotational speeds at three different working length determinations using Scanning electron microscopy is better (SEM).

Materials and Methods:
Sixty mesiobuccal root canals of maxillary molars were randomly divided into two groups (n = 30 each) and instrumented using either RaCe®Evo (at 1000 rpm and 1 Ncm torque) or TruNatomy (at 500 rpm and 1.5 Ncm torque) 1 mm behind the major foramen (MF) (n = 10), at the MF (n = 10), and 1 mm beyond the MF (n = 10). The roots were scanned under SEM at × 300 magnification and 15.00 kV before and after instrumentation procedures. The pre- and postoperative SEM images were analyzed using the ImageJ software program. The FD was represented with the circularity and Feret’s diameter ratio of the apical foramen.

Results:
No significant difference was observed in the before and after values of the circularity and Feret’s diameter parameters within and between the rotary instrument groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Increasing of the rotational speed had no negative effect on the FD.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Group B Streptococcal Colonization in Mothers and Neonates in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
Authors: AlZuheiri Shatha Taher Salman , Dube Rajani , Menezes Godfred , Qasem Samar 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Maternal Group B Streptococcus (GBS)/Streptococcus agalactiae colonization rates vary worldwide; however, no such recent data are available from the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of GBS colonization among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic of a hospital in Ras Al Khaimah, UAE, along with the antibiotic sensitivity pattern, the clinical profile and pregnancy (maternal and fetal) outcome.

Methods:
This prospective observational study routinely offered rectovaginal swab for GBS to all women attending the antenatal clinic at 35–37 weeks of pregnancy between January and December 2019. MASTASTREP kit and Vitek-2 identification system was used for culture and identification. Women with positive cultures were followed up for any maternal and neonatal complications and the use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP).

Results:
A total of 2295 women were included, of which 158 (6.9%) had positive cultures for GBS colonization. The carriage rate was higher in women without any risk factors for early-onset GBS disease (EOGBS) (P < 0.01). The GBS isolates were about 97% susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin, 90% to benzyl penicillin and 95% to ampicillin. Resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, erythromycin, and levofloxacin were about 77%, 57%, 57%, and 10%, respectively. Urinary tract infection in GBS colonized women were more common in those aged ≤30 years (P = 0.009). Fetal outcome was favorable in women receiving IAP for GBS colonization. No neonate had culture proven EOGBS.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant women as well as the overall maternal and neonatal complications is low in Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. IAP is effective in preventing early-onset sepsis in newborn, and thus should be initiated in those with GBS colonization. The cultured GBS showed sensitivity to most antibiotics.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Enteral Feeding Intolerance in Critically Ill Patients and the Effectiveness of Preventive Treatments
Authors: Xiao Yajuan , Xu Lei 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Feeding intolerance (FI) is a prevalent cause of enteral nutrition (EN) disruption. Factors that can prevent FI are poorly described.

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with FI in critically ill patients and the effectiveness of preventive treatments.

Patients and Methods:
This prospective observational study included critically ill patients admitted to the ICU of a general hospital who received EN through a nasogastric or nasointestinal tube from March 2020 to October 2021. Independent sample t-test, repeated measurement analysis of variance, and multivariate analysis were used to explore independent risk factors and the efficacy of preventive treatments.

Results:
The study included 200 critically ill patients (mean age: 59.1 ± 17.8 years), of whom 131 were male. Most patients (58.50%) developed FI after a median EN duration of 2 days. The independent risk factors for FI were fasting for >3 days, high APACHE II score, and acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) grade I before EN (P < 0.05). During EN, whole protein was found to be an independent preventive treatment that significantly decreased FI (P < 0.05), while before EN, early use of enema and gastric motility drugs in patients with abdominal distention/constipation significantly decreased FI (for both, P < 0.05). The preventive treatment group had significantly higher intake of the nutrient solution and significantly shorter invasive mechanical ventilation duration than the without preventive treatment group (for both, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
In ICU patients receiving nasogastric or nasointestinal tube feeding, FI was frequent, occurred early, and was more frequent in patients with fasting >3 days, a high APACHE II score, and an AGI grade before EN. Preventive treatments can reduce FI prevalence and result in patients consuming more nutrient solutions and having shorter invasive mechanical ventilation duration.

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Registration no.:
ChiCTR-DOD-16008532.
Mortality Rates in Early versus Late Intensive Care Unit Readmission
Authors: Mady Ahmed Fouad , Al-Odat Mohammed Ali , Alshaya Rayan , Hussien Sahar , Aletreby Ahmed , Hamido Hend Mohammed , Aletreby Waleed Tharwat 
Published: April 2023

Background:
ICU readmission is associated with poor outcomes. Few studies have directly compared the outcomes of early versus late readmissions, especially in Saudi Arabia.

Objective:
To compare the outcomes between early and late ICU readmissions, mainly with regards to hospital mortality.

Methods:
This retrospective study included unique patients who, within the same hospitalization, were admitted to the ICU, discharged to the general wards, and then readmitted to the ICU of King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 01, 2015, and June 30, 2022. Patients readmitted within 2 calendar days were grouped into the Early readmission group, while those readmitted after 2 calendar days were in the Late readmission group.

Results:
A total of 997 patients were included, of which 753 (75.5%) belonged to the Late group. The mortality rate in the Late group was significantly higher than that in the Early group (37.6% vs. 29.5%, respectively; 95% CI: 1%–14.8%; P = 0.03). The readmission length of stay (LOS) and severity score of both groups were similar. The odds ratio of mortality for the Early group was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51–0.98, P = 0.04); other significant risk factors were age (OR = 1.023, 95% CI: 1.016–1.03; P < 0.001) and readmission LOS (OR = 1.017, 95% CI: 1.009–1.026; P < 0.001). The most common reason for readmission in the Early group was high Modified Early Warning Score, while in the Late group, it was respiratory failure followed by sepsis or septic shock.

Conclusion:
Compared with late readmission, early readmission was associated with lower mortality, but not with lower LOS or severity score.
Effects of Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran and Enoxaparin on Histopathology and Laboratory Parameters in Achilles Tendon Injury
Authors: Avci Sema , Gungor Huseyin , Kumru Alper Serhat , Sahin Mahmut , Gezer Arzu , Gok Uzeyir , Kara Haki , Avcil Mucahit 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
To compare the effects of apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran and enoxaparin on histopathology and blood parameters in rats with Achilles tendon injury.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty adult, male Wistar albino rats weighting 220–240 g were randomly divided into five (one control and four treatment) groups and placed in a controlled environment. The Achilles tendon was incised and re-sutured in each rat, after which each group was provided the following treatment for 28 days: a) 2 ml saline to the control group, b) apixaban in 1 ml of saline (10 mg/kg/day) +1 ml of saline, c) rivaroxaban in 1 ml of saline (2 mg/kg/day) +1 ml saline, d) dabigatran in 1 ml of saline (30 mg/kg/day) +1 ml of saline, e) enoxaparin (80 μg/kg/day) + 2 ml of saline.

Results:
Hemogram, biochemical and coagulation parameters differed significantly between the control and treatment groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, in the apixaban group, type I and type III collagen immunoreactivity were severe and moderate, respectively. In the rivaroxaban and dabigatran groups, both type I and type III collagen immunoreactivity were medium and severe, respectively. In the enoxaparin group, type I and type III collagen immunoreactivity were mild and severe, respectively.

Conclusion:
The higher concentration of type I collagen in the apixaban and dabigatran indicates faster tendon healing in these groups, and the higher concentration of the type III collagen in the enoxaparin group indicates slower healing in this group.
Relationship between social support and family caregiver burden in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Sustrami Dya , Yusuf Ah , Fitryasari Rizki , Efendi Ferry , Aysha Riski Firlana 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To assess the impact of social support on family caregivers of schizophrenia patients.
Method: The cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Menur Mental Health Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from June to July 2021, and comprised family caregivers aged 20-60 years who lived with schizophrenia patients. Data was collected using the Indonesia version of Zarit Burden Interview and the social support questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 160 subjects, 87(54.4%) were males and 73(45.6%) were females, and 88(55%) were adults, while 36(22.5%) had duration of care >10 years. All the 160(100%) patients had been receiving regular treatment. There were 64(40%) respondents who reported having good social support. The correlation between social support and the family caregiver burden related to schizophrenia patients was significant (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between social support and burden on family caregivers of schizophrenia patients.
Keywords: Caregiver, Schizophrenia, Burden, Psychiatric, Ambulatory care.
Transcultural-based health education model on families with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rismayanti Dewa Ayu , Nursalam  , Dewi Yulis Setiya , Wirawan Ida Bagus , Buntari Agustini Ni Luh Putu Inca , Suniyadewi Ni Wayan , Sundayana Made 
Published: April 2023

Objective: To develop a transcultural-based health education model to increase family abilities to care for type 2 diabetes patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational analytical study was conducted from May-June 2021. The study population comprised of the families of patients with diabetes in Buleleng who were included using the rule of thumb (n=180) by cluster random sampling. The variables in this study were cultural, patient, and family factors, family health functions, health education, and family abilities as measured by using a questionnaire. Data were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS).
Results: The results showed that the model was capable and relevant to be applied with ability 73%. Cultural factors towards family health functions (T statistics = 2.344; p= 0.020), family factors (T statistics = 6.962; p= 0.000) and, patient factors (T statistics = 1.974; p= 0.049), had a significant influence on family health function which, in turn, affected family abilities through health education (T statistics = 22.165; p= 0.000). Family factors (T statistics = 5.387; p= 0.000), and health education (T statistics = 5.127; p= 0.000) also had direct influence on family abilities.
Conclusion: The education model was developed through cultural, family factors and family health functions, which could improve the ability of families to provide care. This model can be a reference to increase diabetes self-management in public health centres.
Keywords: Heuristics, public health, diabetes Mellitus,
El hórreo asturiano. Cultura constructiva y arte popular
Authors: Hernández Navarro Yolanda , Gallardo García Marta , De Dato Pasquale 
Published: April 2023

En el norte de la península Ibérica y más densamente en el área conocida como orla cantábrica (Galicia, Asturias, León, Cantabria, País Vasco y Navarra), se localizan pequeñas construcciones aisladas sobre columnas, de madera o piedra, que surgieron por la necesidad de guardar granos y otros productos agrícolas en un lugar seco, ventilado y fuera del alcance de las alimañas. Son los llamados hórreos, también conocidos como horrios, horrus, hurrus, orros, garaixes, garais, espigueiros, canastros, palleiros, cabaceiros, etc. Además, de su finalidad funcional, atendiendo a su tamaño y decoración, tenían una función social, representar el poder económico y el estatus social de la familia propietaria. Su morfología responde a la cultura constructiva local, es decir, a un intangible saber-hacer que toma como premisa el uso de materiales del lugar, resultando así una arquitectura vernácula sostenible tanto en su construcción y mantenimiento como en su uso tradicional. Pese a que el hórreo como granero ya fue reconocido en época clásica por Marco Terencio Varrón y Marco Vitruvio Polión, los casos más antiguos, en Asturias, datan de los siglos XIII y XIV y su obsolescencia y desaparición comenzó en el siglo XVII debido a cambios en el sistema económico productivo. Se calcula una pérdida de ejemplares en torno al 90% entre los siglos XVIII y XX, según datos del catastro del Marqués de la Ensenada y Catastro Inmobiliario del s. XX. El presente artículo muestra el resultado del estudio realizado sobre el hórreo en Asturias, basado en un análisis constructivo. Se concluye subrayando el valor de los hórreos en general y los asturianos en particular, como testigos que documentan una cultura constructiva local y esconden en su ser valores intangibles de los oficios desarrollados por los artesanos que los obraron.
Los museos y colecciones universitarias, valorización y riesgos: el Fondo de Arte y Patrimonio de la UPV
Authors: Oliveira Urquiri Haizea , Martín Rey Susana , Vivancos Ramón Victoria 
Published: April 2023

Los museos y colecciones universitarios comprenden bienes culturales con gran diversidad tipológica y matérica. Dichos bienes fueron compilados a través de varias generaciones gracias a su adquisición por parte de profesores universitarios como herramientas docentes e investigadoras, además de donaciones puntuales realizadas a las universidades por parte de instituciones y ciudadanos particulares. Aunque son una de las mayores representaciones de la antigua y contemporánea historia social y universitaria, los estudios divulgativos realizados hasta día de hoy sobre los mismos han sido escasos, y es por ello, que en la actualidad gran parte de la sociedad en general, e incluso de la comunidad universitaria, sea desconocedora del gran patrimonio que tienen a su alcance y del inmenso valor del mismo. Mediante este artículo, además de hacer una revisión y reflexión sobre las particularidades de las colecciones y museos que se encuentran tras las Universidades, se pretende poner en relieve la necesaria conservación y puesta en valor de los mismos. Como caso de estudio se describen las colecciones y museos que alberga la Univesitat Politècnica de Valencia en el Fondo de Arte y Patrimonio y los riesgos que ponen en peligro la integridad conservativa de los mismos.
EL PAPEL DEL PATRIMONIO CULTURAL SUBACUÁTICO EN LA AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE
Authors: Pérez Álvaro Elena 
Published: April 2023

Este documento explora el papel que puede tener el patrimonio cultural subacuático a la hora de dar respuestas a desafíos globales. Es esencial reconocer el patrimonio cultural subacuático como parte de las agendas de gobernanza de los océanos, ya que los fondos marinos y la arena cubren los objetos arqueológicos, convirtiéndolos en un solo cuerpo. Además, muchas especies de peces no sedentarias viven alrededor de los arrecifes artificiales formados por los restos de los naufragios. En consecuencia, la asociación de políticas naturales y culturales es necesaria para negociar nuevos enfoques que den respuesta a los retos planteados en la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas, concretamente el Objetivo 13 (Acción por el Clima) y el Objetivo 14 (Vida bajo el agua). Este documento reconocerá algunas contribuciones importantes que el patrimonio cultural subacuático puede aportar al aumentar el conocimiento sobre los océanos, un conocimiento que puede servir para lograr prácticas de conservación eficaces y ayudar a fomentar un desarrollo económico sostenible. En consecuencia, el documento espera aportar al campo de la gobernanza de los océanos un nuevo enfoque de cómo el patrimonio cultural subacuático puede convertirse en una herramienta esencial para las Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas, especialmente en dos aspectos principales: el cambio climático y el uso sostenible de los océanos.
Legatus fidelis. Utilización y compatibilidad de los espacios arqueológicos como lugares de espectáculos.
Authors: Verdugo Santos Javier 
Published: April 2023

Desde que comenzaron a usarse algunos espacios arqueológicos como lugares de espectáculos, se ha venido debatiendo el límite de los mismos a dichos usos, algunos de ellos muy antiguos como el anfiteatro de Arlés como plaza de toros desde 1888. Esta cuestión se ha puesto de actualidad con los numerosos espacios que se han utilizado para albergar espectáculos destacado los numerosos teatros antiguos que han sido recuperados para albergar espectáculos, algunos de ellos convertidos en nuevos escenarios como el de Sagunto. Otros se han visto “desbordados” como las Termas de Caracalla o el Coliseo de Roma. La búsqueda de equilibrio –sofrosine-dirían los griegos, entre espacios arquitectónicos antiguos, por lo general muy frágiles, y uso contemporáneo, que permita garantizar el uso compatible con sus valores, es pues una constante preocupación de los poderes públicos encargados de la tutela, que asisten a una presión “social”, turística y comercial sobre ellos.
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
Authors: CADTH  
Published: April 2023

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses pembrolizumab; powder for solution for infusion 50 mg or solution for infusion 100 mg/4 mL vial IV infusion over 30 minutes.
Indication: For the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability–high or mismatch repair–deficient endometrial cancer whose tumours have progressed following prior therapy and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options, as monotherapy.
Characteristics of hail hazard in South Africa based on satellite detection of convective storms
Authors: Punge Heinz Jürgen , Bedka Kristopher M. , Kunz Michael , Bang Sarah D. , Itterly Kyle F. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Accurate estimates of hail risk to exposed assets, such as crops, infrastructure, and vehicles, are required for both insurance pricing and preventive measures. Here we present an event catalog to describe the hail hazard in South Africa guided by 14 years of geostationary satellite observations of convective storms. Overshooting cloud tops have been detected, grouped, and tracked to describe the spatiotemporal extent of potential hail events. It is found that hail events concentrate mainly in the southeast of the country, along the Highveld, and around the eastern slopes. Events are most frequent from mid-November through February and peak in the afternoon, between 13:00 and 17:00 UTC. Multivariate stochastic modeling of event properties yields an event catalog spanning 25 000 years, aiming to estimate, in combination with vulnerability and exposure data, hail risk for return periods of 200 years.
An investigation of spatial wind direction variability and its consideration in engineering models
Authors: von Brandis Anna , Centurelli Gabriele , Schmidt Jonas , Vollmer Lukas , Djath Bughsin' , Dörenkämper Martin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. We propose that considering mesoscale wind direction changes in the computation of wind farm cluster wakes could reduce the uncertainty of engineering wake modeling tools. The relevance of mesoscale wind direction changes is investigated using a wind climatology of the German Bight area covering 30 years, derived from the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA). Furthermore, we present a new solution for engineering modeling tools that accounts for the effect of such changes on the propagation of cluster wakes. The mesoscale wind direction changes relevant to the operation of wind farm clusters in the German Bight are found to exceed 11∘ in 50 % of all cases. Particularly in the lower partial load range, which is associated with strong wake formation, the wind direction changes are the most pronounced, with quartiles reaching up to 20∘. Especially on a horizontal scale of several tens of kilometers to 100 km, wind direction changes are relevant. Both the temporal and spatial scales at which large wind direction changes occur depend on the presence of synoptic pressure systems. Furthermore, atmospheric conditions which promote far-reaching wakes were found to align with a strong turning in 14.6 % of the cases. In order to capture these mesoscale wind direction changes in engineering model tools, a wake propagation model was implemented in the Fraunhofer IWES wind farm and wake modeling software flappy (Farm Layout Program in Python). The propagation model derives streamlines from the horizontal velocity field and forces the single turbine wakes along these streamlines. This model has been qualitatively evaluated by simulating the flow around wind farm clusters in the German Bight with data from the mesoscale atlas of the NEWA and comparing the results to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements for selected situations. The comparison reveals that the flow patterns are in good agreement if the underlying mesoscale data capture the velocity field well. For such cases, the new model provides an improvement compared to the baseline approach of engineering models, which assumes a straight-line propagation of wakes. The streamline and the baseline models have been further compared in terms of their quantitative effect on the energy yield. Simulating two neighboring wind farm clusters over a time period of 10 years, it is found that there are no significant differences across the models when computing the total energy yield of both clusters. However, extracting the wake effect of one cluster on the other, the two models show a difference of about 1 %. Even greater differences are commonly observed when comparing single situations. Therefore, we claim that the model has the potential to reduce uncertainty in applications such as site assessment and short-term power forecasting.