bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audiologic Consequences of Gunshot Wounds to the Temporal Bone Show No Relation to Concomitant Neurologic or Vascular Injuries
Authors: Maxwell Anne K. , Kahane Jacob B. , Murphy Terrence P. 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To evaluate audiologic consequences of gunshot wounds (GSWs) to the temporal bone (TB), and to correlate hearing outcomes with neurologic and vascular injuries adjacent to the temporal bone. Study design: Retrospective case series. Setting: University-based level-one trauma center. Methods: Retrospective review of 35 patients surviving TB ballistic injury, 2012 to 2021. Main outcomes were audiologic results. Demographics, concomitant injuries, CT, and interventions were reviewed. Results: Mean age was 30.7 years; 80% male. Seventeen patients (48.6%) underwent audiologic testing. Mean pure tone average (PTA) was 75 ± 35 dB, bone line average 41 ± 26 dB, and speech discrimination score (SDS) 60 ± 43%. Nineteen (54.3%) demonstrated facial nerve injury (FNI), who were more likely to show SNHL especially anacusis, though their mean PTA and SDS were not statistically different from those without ( P = .30 and .47, respectively). Radiographic review of those with sensorineural loss (SNHL, 6/17) revealed otic capsule-disrupting fracture (n = 2), pneumolabyrinth (n = 2), intracranial hemorrhage (n = 3). Those with mixed loss (6/17) showed otic capsule-sparing fracture (n = 6), EAC injury (n = 5), ossicular discontinuity (n = 2), and intracranial hemorrhage (n = 4). Two with mastoid tip fractures alone had normal audiograms. Audiometric outcomes were not predicted by concomitant CSF leak, spinal injuries, vascular injuries, cranial neuropathies, or traumatic brain injury. Conclusions: All patterns of hearing loss—conductive, sensorineural, mixed and normal—may be seen following TB ballistic injuries. Trauma severe enough to disrupt the facial nerve is more likely to cause anacusis. However, all should be formally evaluated, since ballistic injuries complicated by neurologic or vascular damage do not necessarily correlate with worse audiologic outcomes, while patients with minimal fractures may demonstrate losses.
Vigilance Decrement During On-Road Partially Automated Driving Across Four Systems
Authors: Biondi Francesco N. , McDonnell Amy S. , Mahmoodzadeh Mobina , Jajo Noor , Balakumar Balasingam  , Strayer David L. 
Published: July 2023

Objective This study uses a detection task to measure changes in driver vigilance when operating four different partially automated systems. Background Research show temporal declines in detection task performance during manual and fully automated driving, but the accuracy of using this approach for measuring changes in driver vigilance during on-road partially automated driving is yet unproven. Method Participants drove four different vehicles (Tesla Model 3, Cadillac CT6, Volvo XC90, and Nissan Rogue) equipped with level-2 systems in manual and partially automated modes. Response times to a detection task were recorded over eight consecutive time periods. Results Bayesian analysis revealed a main effect of time period and an interaction between mode and time period. A main effect of vehicle and a time period x vehicle interaction were also found. Conclusion Results indicated that the reduction in detection task performance over time was worse during partially automated driving. Vehicle-specific analysis also revealed that detection task performance changed across vehicles, with slowest response time found for the Volvo. Application The greater decline in detection performance found in automated mode suggests that operating level-2 systems incurred in a greater vigilance decrement, a phenomenon that is of interest for Human Factors practitioners and regulators. We also argue that the observed vehicle-related differences are attributable to the unique design of their in-vehicle interfaces.
Employment interventions to assist people who experience borderline personality disorder: A scoping review
Authors: Kernot Jocelyn , Baker Amy , Oster Candice , Petrakis Melissa , Dawson Suzanne 
Published: July 2023

Background: Employment is an important social determinant of health and is associated with positive health outcomes. However, individuals who have been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are significantly underrepresented in the workforce. Whilst there is an array of evidence based therapeutic interventions, there remains a gap in knowledge regarding the most effective ways to enhance employment outcomes for people with a diagnosis of BPD. Aim: To explore employment interventions for people with BPD, map the available evidence and identify key concepts and knowledge gaps. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to identify and map the relevant literature. Findings were summarised using a narrative approach. Consultation was provided by a reference group including peer support workers with lived experience of BPD and mental health clinicians. Results: Seven articles met the inclusion criteria, including non-randomised and case study/series designs and a randomised controlled trial protocol, with participant numbers generally low. All programmes combined a psychotherapeutic component with work related goals; however, there were notable differences in relation to the conceptual/theoretical approach of the psychotherapeutic component and delivery of the work-related components. Barriers and enablers to programme participation and success are explored. Conclusions: This review provides important insights into the characteristics of vocational rehabilitation interventions for people diagnosed with BPD. The findings will inform the co-production of approaches to support people with BPD to engage in employment.
Experiences of dialogue in advance care planning educational programs
Authors: Kato Hiroki , Iwasaki Takako , Ko Ayako , Nishina Yuko , Tanigaki Shizuko , Norikoshi Chie , Sakai Masako , Ito Mari , Harasawa Nozomi , Tamura Keiko , Nagae Hiroko 
Published: July 2023

Background Advance care planning (ACP) is a process in which adults engage in an ongoing dialogue about future medical treatment and care. Though ACP is recommended to improve the quality of end-of-life care, the details of the dialogue experience in ACP are unknown. Objective To explore participants’ experiences of dialogue in an ACP educational program that encouraged them to discuss the value of a way of life. Research design This qualitative descriptive study used the focus group interview method. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Participants and research context A dialogue-based ACP educational program was conducted in four regions in Japan for local citizens to discuss the value of their way of life. A total of 66 individuals (mean age = 55.5 ± 17.2 years; 50 women and 16 men) participated in focus group interviews. Ethical considerations This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Tokyo Women’s Medical University (no. 4723) and Kyoto University (no. R2099). Findings Five main themes were extracted: discussing one’s thoughts with others in a considerate manner, reflecting on one’s way of life through others, feeling a sense of connection with others through storytelling, realizing the difficulties of talking about “what if” topics, and turning one’s eyes toward the future through the dialogue. These themes were interrelated and illustrated the complexity of the experience of discussing values. Conclusions The results suggest that dialogue in ACP is useful in clarifying values. They also indicated the need for dealing with the ethical challenges of discussing value and the importance of caring for the interlocutor to have a safe dialogue. In the ACP process, safety in dialogue may improve readiness in ACP, and health practitioners who support ACP need to address the ethical challenges entailing dialogue about values.
Economic Globalisation and Women’s Economic Empowerment in Bangladesh: An Econometric Approach
Authors: Dhar Soma 
Published: July 2023

This study aims to investigate an extensive evaluation of the relationship between economic globalisation and women’s economic empowerment in Bangladesh. Using time-series data from 1975 to 2017, the study uses the female labour force participation rate (FLFPR), an indicator of women’s economic empowerment, and the export/GDP (X/GDP) ratio, trade/GDP ratio and foreign direct investment (FDI), indicators of economic globalisation. The research examines econometrically whether economic globalisation such as X/GDP ratio, trade/GDP ratio and FDI influence FLFPR and how to control variables like population growth rate (POP) and real wage rate influence FLFPR. The estimated results show a positive and significant relationship between FLFPR and X/GDP, and RWR and a negative but significant relationship between FLFPR and trade/GDP ratio, and a negative and insignificant relationship between FLFPR and FDI, and POP. The study has employed an auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. In addition, the error correction model has been used to capture the speed of adjustment. The findings from the ARDL-bound testing approach reveal that the variables under study are cointegrated and thus have a long-run relationship. The coefficient of error correction term holds a theoretically correct sign and is also statistically significant, meaning that there exists short-run adjustment in the whole system. JEL: F1, F15, J21, O50
Low Persistence of Inattention Symptoms From Childhood to Adolescence: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Lundervold Astri J. , Sørensen Lin , Posserud Maj-Britt , Hysing Mari 
Published: July 2023

Objective: To investigate the persistence of dimensional measures of inattention in a population-based, gender-balanced sample of adolescents with parent reports of inattention from childhood and self-reports of inattention in adolescence. Method: Adolescents, 16–19 years old, completed the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale. Their parents completed the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale—4th Edition when they were 7–9 and 11–13 years old. Results: More severe inattention in boys than girls in childhood shifted to a female predominance in adolescence. The correlation between reports of inattention in childhood and adolescence was weak, with parent reports explaining only ~5% of the variance in the inattention score reported in adolescence. Conclusion: The weak association between inattention in childhood and adolescence is consistent with the emerging challenges associated with being an adolescent, but the impact of shifts in informants, gender and age on symtpom presentations should be investigated in future studies.
Early and midterm outcomes of in situ fenestration via adjustable puncture needle for Ankura aortic stent graft: A single-center experience
Authors: Yu Zuanbiao , Hu Songjie , Wang Di , Yang Tiequan , Lang Dehai 
Published: July 2023

Objectives An analysis was conducted to demonstrate early and midterm outcomes of using adjustable puncture needle-based in situ fenestration (ISF) technique for Ankura aortic stent graft to reconstruct the supra-arch branch in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Methods A retrospective analysis of 68 cases of aortic lesions with insufficient proximal anchoring area admitted to our department from March 2017 to December 2021 was performed. In situ fenestration thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) was performed at the same time during the operation. Among them, there were fifty-eight cases of thoracic aortic dissection, seven cases of thoracic aortic aneurysm, and three cases of thoracic aortic ulcer. Intraoperative adjustable puncture with needle was used for the Ankura aorta stent graft to perform ISF and reconstruction of the supra-arch branch. Results The success rate of ISF was 94.1% (64/68). Only in four cases, attempts were made to create ISF in the left subclavian artery (LSA), and all the four were unsuccessful because of sharp and tortuosity angle. Among them, forty-four cases were only LSA fenestration, and one case was left common carotid artery (LCCA) fenestration + LSA embolism. LSA + left vertebral artery (LVA) fenestration was performed in two cases, LSA fenestration +LCCA chimney was performed in fourteen cases, LCCA + LSA fenestration + innominate artery (INA) chimney was performed in one case, and LCCA fenestration + INA chimney + LSA embolism was performed in two cases. The overall neurologic event rate was 3.1% (spinal cord ischemia 0, with stroke observed in two cases). Postoperatively, one patient (1.6%) died on the third day after TEVAR due to the retrograde dissections. There were four cases of endoleak (6.3%; three type I and one type II). The average follow-up was 29.2 ± 14.4 months, and no patient died during the follow-up period. Three cases of endoleak disappeared, and one case did not increase further. In addition, other two cases of retrograde dissections were observed at 3 and 5 months after TEVAR. Fortunately, they were scheduled for emergency surgery with ascending aorta replacement and improved well. There was only one case of LSA occlusion after ISF which was reconstructed by endovascular treatment. Two patients were found with distal stent graft-induced new entries (dSINE), and TEVAR was performed again during the follow-up period. Conclusion Early and midterm outcomes demonstrated that ISF via the adjustable puncture needle device for the Ankura aorta stent graft is a feasible and effective treatment method, which can achieve high technical success and satisfactory short-term results.
Endovascular stenting techniques for blunt carotid injury
Authors: Abdou Hossam , Treffalls Rebecca N , Stonko David P , Kundi Rishi , Morrison Jonathan J 
Published: July 2023

Objectives While methods of endovascular carotid artery stenting have improved over time, concerns surrounding the safety and efficacy of stenting for blunt carotid injury (BCI) remain. This study aims to present our approach to carotid artery stenting (CAS) by incorporating new technologies such as flow-diverting stents and circuits. Methods There is no robust evidence to support routine carotid artery stenting; however, there are several therapeutic options and approaches for treating BCI that currently require an individualized approach. Endovascular stenting and specific stent selection are largely dictated by the disease process the surgeon intends to treat. We will discuss patient selection, medical management, and the most common revascularization techniques, including transfemoral stenting, trans-carotid arterial revascularization using flow reversal, and stent-assisting coiling. Results It must be stressed that endovascular intervention is not an alternative to or preclusive of antithrombotic or anticoagulant therapy. In the setting of BCI, transfemoral CAS is most appropriate in patients who are symptomatic, have a rapidly progressing or large lesion, and do not have a soft thrombus present due to risk of embolism. Unlike transfemoral CAS, TCAR offers an elegant solution for embolic protection when patients have a soft thrombus present. In the case of a large pseudoaneurysm, we perform stent-assisted coiling. Conclusions We practice selective endovascular intervention, stenting lesions that are flow-limiting or have large or rapidly expanding pseudoaneurysms, and only in patients for whom anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents are not contraindicated. As technology and investigation progress, the concerns regarding the safety and the role of endovascular intervention in the treatment of BCI will be more clearly defined.
Effect of Prevention Focus on the Relationships Among Driving Accident History, Risk Perception, and Consumers’ Automobile Insurance Coverage Decisions
Authors: Jiang Shi-jie , Xiang Feiyun , Yang Iris 
Published: July 2023

The primary aim of our research was to examine the moderating role of prevention focus (PRE) and the mediating role of risk perception (RP) on the relationship between driving accident history (DAH) and insurance coverage (IC) decisions to test this moderated mediation mechanism. We collected survey data from 808 newly eligible voluntary automobile liability insurance policyholders in Taiwan and analyzed the data using PROCESS macro. The estimated results showed that PRE moderated the indirect effect of DAH on IC through RP. In general, a worse DAH would increase the RP of people who were high prevention-focused, thereby increasing their willingness to purchase a higher IC. Conversely, a worse DAH would not increase the RP of people who were low prevention-focused, and such people would not increase or would even decrease their IC. The results provide an explanation for the inconsistent paths from DAH to IC in the literature. From a marketing perspective of psychographic segmentation, our research helps insurance companies to determine what types of consumers they should pay more attention to and to formulate marketing strategies. JEL: D91 G52 E21
Independent Prognostic Factors and Nomogram Prediction of Cancer-Specific Survival in Postoperative Patients With Spinal Cord Astrocytoma
Authors: Wang Yang , Jiao Jianhang , Yu Tong , Wang Zhonghan , Jiang Weibo , Gong Xuqiang , Zhang Han , Yue Jing , Wu Minfei 
Published: July 2023

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective Spinal cord astrocytoma (SCA) is a rare central nervous system malignancy that typically requires early surgical intervention. However, the substantial frequency of relapse and bad outcomes limit the surgical advantage for patients. Herein, we aimed to determine the independent prognostic factors of cancer-specific survival (CSS) in post-surgical patients with primary SCA and to develop a new method to estimate the chances of CSS in these patients at 3-, 5- and 10-year. Methods A total of 364 postoperative patients with SCA were recruited from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and randomly assigned to the training and validation sets. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression assessments were used to identify independent prognostic indicators. Second, a nomogram was established by integrating these indicators to estimate 3-, 5-, and 10-year CSS in patients with SCA who underwent surgery. Subsequently, the discriminatory power and predictive performance of the nomogram were assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Finally, a mortality risk stratification system was generated. Results Age, tumor stage, histological type, and radiotherapy were recognized as potential predictive indicators of CSS for postoperative patients with SCA. The ROC curve and DCA indicate that the nomogram has good accuracy and high clinical utility. Furthermore, the mortality risk stratification system efficiently divides patients into 3 risk subgroups. Conclusions The nomogram could accurately anticipate the 3-, 5-, and 10-year percentages of CSS in postoperative patients with SCA. It could assist clinicians with personalized medical counseling, risk stratification management, and clinical decision-making, improving the clinical outcomes of these patients.
Structured Engagement of Community Partners to Revise a Pregnancy Options Counseling Curriculum for Pediatric Residents
Authors: Kirkpatrick Laura , Goldman Paula , Bell Lauren Arnold , Tyler Crystal Pirtle , Harrison Elizabeth , Russell Margaret , Syed Tahniat , Szoko Nicholas , Kazmerski Traci M 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE The engagement of community partners, including patients, is increasingly recognized as important in developing medical education curricula. Structured methodology for partner engagement in curriculum development is lacking in the existing literature. This article describes a structured approach to engaging community partners to provide input on revising a curriculum for pediatric residents about pregnancy options counseling with adolescents. METHODS We used the five-step Method for Program Adaptation through Community Engagement: (1) development of a panel of community partners including patients and professionals, (2) and (3) partner evaluation of the existing curriculum and recommendations for revisions, (4) summarization of partner feedback, and (5) development of the revised curriculum. We surveyed partners about their perceived impact on the revision and satisfaction with the process. RESULTS Seventeen partners participated. Five experienced adolescent pregnancy, while the remaining 12 included healthcare and social service professionals. All partners provided multiple recommendations, generating 124 discrete recommendations. Twenty recommendations were suggested by multiple individuals. The authors reviewed all recommendations by category during consensus meetings and determined which recommendations would be incorporated into the revised curriculum to meet stated learning objectives. We implemented 14 of these 20 recommendations, including adding a values clarification exercise, information about mental health crisis resources, and more detail about adoption. We also incorporated 15 individual recommendations pertaining to curriculum clarity. Recommendations from professionals and patients were similar. Fourteen out of 17 participants completed the survey at the close of the project. All respondents understood their roles, were satisfied with their degree of engagement, and felt that their expectations for participation were met or exceeded. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a methodology for a formal process to engage community partners in curriculum development and revision processes. Such methodology can ensure that medical education curricula are optimally attuned to the needs of key community members and integrate the patient’s voice.
Reference equations for quadriceps strength, endurance and power: a multicentre study
Authors: Tanguay Sophie , Saey Didier , Marklund Sarah , Nyberg Andre , Gephine Sarah , Frykholm Erik , De Brandt Jana , Burtin Chris , Maltais François 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe lack of reference values of lower-limb muscle function hinders the clinical recommendations of its measurement in patients with COPD. Therefore, this study aimed to develop reference equations to predict reference values for quadriceps strength, endurance and power and evaluate their construct validity in patients with COPD.MethodsQuadriceps strength, endurance and power were assessed in 158 healthy individuals and 87 patients with COPD. In addition, patients with COPD performed a 6-min walk test (6MWT) and a 1-min sit-to-stand test (1STS). Multiple linear regressions were performed to develop reference equations. The proportion of patients with COPD with reduced quadriceps function was determined, and correlations between quadriceps strength, endurance and power expressed in percentage of predicted values and 6MWT and 1STS performance were used to document the construct validity of the reference equation.ResultsExcept for quadriceps isometric endurance, the proposed reference equations explained 50–70% of the variance of the quadriceps properties in healthy individuals. All quadriceps properties were systematically reduced in a large proportion of patients with COPD compared to healthy individuals. Correlation coefficients between quadriceps properties expressed in percentage of predicted values and 6MWT and 1STS performance ranged between 0.28 and 0.49 (all p<0.05).ConclusionIn healthy individuals, age, sex, height and body mass index explained 50–70% of the variance of quadriceps strength, endurance and power. When expressed in percentage of predicted values, these quadriceps properties correlated with 6MWT and 1STS performance, suggesting construct validity of the reference values in patients with COPD.