bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of eavesdropping on heterospecific alarm calls: Relevance, reliability, and personal information
Authors: Turner Cameron Rouse , Spike Matt , Magrath Robert D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInterceptive eavesdropping on the alarm calls of heterospecifics provides crucial information about predators. Previous research suggests predator discrimination, call relevance, reliability, and reception explain when eavesdropping will evolve. However, there has been no quantitative analysis to scrutinize these principles, or how they interact. We develop a mathematical framework that formalizes the study of the key principles thought to select for eavesdropping. Interceptive eavesdropping appears to be greatly affected by the threat faced by caller and eavesdropper, as well as presence of informational noise affecting the detection of calls and predators. Accordingly, our model uses signal detection theory to examine when selection will favor alarm calling by a sender species and fleeing by an eavesdropping receiver species. We find eavesdropping is most strongly selected when (1) the receiver faces substantial threats, (2) species are ecologically similar, (3) senders often correctly discriminate threats, (4) receivers often correctly perceive calls, and (5) the receiver's personal discrimination of threats is poor. Furthermore, we find (6) that very high predation levels can select against eavesdropping because prey cannot continuously flee and must conserve energy. Reliability of heterospecific calls for identifying threats is thought to be important in selecting for eavesdropping. Consequently, we formally define reliability, showing its connection to specificity and sensitivity, clarifying how these quantities can be measured. We find that high call relevance, due to similar vulnerability to predators between species, strongly favors eavesdropping. This is because senders trade‐off false alarms and missed predator detections in a way that is also favorable for the eavesdropper, by producing less of the costlier error. Unexpectedly, highly relevant calls increase the total number of combined errors and so have lower reliability. Expectedly, when noise greatly affects personally gathered cues to threats, but not heterospecific calls or detection of predators, eavesdropping is favored.
Foetal recapitulation of nutrient surplus signalling by O‐GlcNAcylation and the failing heart
Authors: Packer Milton 
Published: July 2023

The development of the foetal heart is driven by increased glucose uptake and activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), which drives glycolysis. In contrast, the healthy adult heart is governed by sirtuin‐1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which promote fatty‐acid oxidation and the substantial mitochondrial ATP production required for survival in a high‐workload normoxic environment. During cardiac injury, the heart recapitulates the foetal signalling programme, which (although adaptive in the short term) is highly deleterious if sustained for long periods of time. Prolonged increases in glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes under stress leads to increased flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway; its endproduct – uridine diphosphate N‐acetylglucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc) – functions as a critical nutrient surplus sensor. UDP‐GlcNAc drives the post‐translational protein modification known as O‐GlcNAcylation, which rapidly and reversibly modifies thousands of intracellular proteins. Both O‐GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation act at serine/threonine residues, but whereas phosphorylation is regulated by hundreds of specific kinases and phosphatases, O‐GlcNAcylation is regulated by only two enzymes, O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O‐GlcNAcase (OGA), which adds or removes GlcNAc (N‐acetylglucosamine), respectively, from target proteins. Recapitulation of foetal programming in heart failure (regardless of diabetes) is accompanied by marked increases in O‐GlcNAcylation, both experimentally and clinically. Heightened O‐GlcNAcylation in the heart leads to impaired calcium kinetics and contractile derangements, arrhythmias related to activation of voltage‐gated sodium channels and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, mitochondrial dysfunction, and maladaptive hypertrophy, microvascular dysfunction, fibrosis and cardiomyopathy. These deleterious effects can be prevented by suppression of O‐GlcNAcylation, which can be achieved experimentally by upregulation of AMPK and SIRT1 or by pharmacological inhibition of OGT or stimulation of OGA. The effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on the heart are accompanied by reduced O‐GlcNAcylation, and their cytoprotective effects are reportedly abrogated if their action to suppress O‐GlcNAcylation is blocked. Such an action may represent one of the many mechanisms by which enhanced AMPK and SIRT1 signalling following SGLT2 inhibition leads to cardiovascular benefits. These observations, taken collectively, suggest that UDP‐GlcNAc functions as a critical nutrient surplus sensor (which acting in concert with mTOR and HIF‐1α) can promote the development of cardiomyopathy.
Improved long‐term survival with tafamidis treatment in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure symptoms
Authors: Elliott Perry , Gundapaneni Balarama , Sultan Marla B. , Ines Monica , Garcia‐Pavia Pablo 
Published: July 2023

AimThe value of disease‐modifying therapies (such as tafamidis) in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) and severe heart failure symptoms has been debated. This study assessed long‐term all‐cause survival in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III symptoms in the Tafamidis in Transthyretin Cardiomyopathy Clinical Trial (ATTR‐ACT) long‐term extension (LTE) study.Methods and resultsAt the baseline of ATTR‐ACT, 55/176 (31.3%) patients receiving tafamidis 80 mg and 63/177 (35.6%) receiving placebo had NYHA class III symptoms. After 30 months of treatment, patients could join an ongoing LTE study to receive open‐label tafamidis. In an interim analysis of the LTE study (August 2021), all‐cause mortality was lower among patients with NYHA class III symptoms who received continuous tafamidis in ATTR‐ACT and the LTE study (hazard ratio 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.41–0.99; median follow‐up: 60 months), as compared with those who received placebo in ATTR‐ACT and tafamidis in the LTE study (median follow‐up: 56 months). Similar findings were observed in patients with NYHA class I/II symptoms at baseline (0.50; 0.35–0.73; tafamidis 80 mg n = 121; placebo n = 114; median follow‐up of 61 and 60 months, respectively).ConclusionWe observed reduced all‐cause mortality with continuous tafamidis treatment compared with delayed tafamidis treatment (placebo then tafamidis) in patients with NYHA class III symptoms at baseline over a median follow‐up of ∼5 years. These findings demonstrate the value of tafamidis treatment in patients with ATTR‐CM and severe heart failure symptoms, and emphasize the importance of early treatment.Clinical Trial Registrations: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994889 and NCT02791230.
On the Brink of Decomposition: Controlled Oxidation of a Substituted Arsanylborane as a Way to Labile Group 13‐15‐16 Compounds
Authors: Lehnfeld Felix , Seidl Michael , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe reactivity of the organic‐substituted arsanylborane tBuAsHBH2NMe3 (1) towards different elemental chalcogenes as well as organic oxidants such as O‐NMe3, Me3Si−O−O‐SiMe3, MesCNO and cyclohexenesulfide is reported. By the reaction of 1 with grey selenium, the selenium oxidation product tBuAs(Se)HBH2NMe3 (2) was obtained. For the oxidation with sulfur, the two products tBuAs(S)HBH2NMe3 (3 a) and tBuAs(S)SHBH2NMe3 (3 b) could be isolated as oils. The structural characterization of As(tBuAs(S)SHBH2NMe3)3 (4) as well as corresponding DFT computations allow insights into the decomposition behavior of 3 a and 3 b in solution. For the reaction of MesCNO with 1, the formation of an unusual As−H activation product Mes‐C(NOH)‐AstBu‐BH2NMe3 (5) is observed. In the reaction with Me3N−O, the first isolatable oxo‐arsanylboranes tBuAs(O)HBH2NMe3 (6 a) and tBuAs(O)OHBH2NMe3 (6 b) are obtained, with 6 b also being accessible via the controlled reaction of 1 with air.
Mind the gap ‐ A brief echo and some contributions from eating disorder experts from other European countries
Authors: Zipfel Stephan , Fernandez‐Aranda Fernando , Giel Katrin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently, Davey et al. (2023) outlined several recommendations for future care, policy and research for patients with eating disorders which is primarily focused on the UK health care system. Our commentary aims at contributing several aspects from other European countries and emphasises the need for stronger European collaboration, joint initiatives and a strategic plan to foster clinical and research concepts in the eating disorder field, especially in a time of multiple (global) crises and restricted resources.
Potential of Allium sativum in blood pressure control involves signaling pathways: A narrative review
Authors: Ali Anwar , Kouvari Matina , Riaz Sakhawat , Naumovski Nenad , Liao Lan , Khan Ahmal , Khalid Waseem , Zeng Xin‐An , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe use of food products and functional foods to manage and treat several health conditions is expanding globally. Garlic (Allium sativum) consumption is commonly used for its potential therapeutic functions in numerous cardiometabolic disorders, including hypertension. The proposed blood pressure–reducing effects of garlic after its consumption influence several metabolic pathways, resulting in potentially beneficial health outcomes. The first postulated mechanism is nitric oxide (NO) activation, leading to vasodilation. Furthermore, garlic consumption was also shown to promote vasodilation by suppressing the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and the formation of prostaglandins, suppressing angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity. The mechanism of garlic‐related vasodilation is related to its high sulfur‐containing content associated with forming hydrogen sulfides (H2S). The H2S binds to and activates vascular ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (kATP), leading to hyperpolarization, which induces vasodilation. This review summarizes garlic's features and the mechanical paths that could contribute to blood pressure control.
Bisphenol A in German watersheds: Part II. FlowEQ model-based characterization of sources and current and future conditions
Authors: Bock Michael , Fetters Kyle , Tappert Lars , Hoehne Dominik , Bunge Michael , Tenbrock Silke , Mueller Gerhard , Gestermann Sven 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Increasing scientific and regulatory concern regarding environmental concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) increases the need to understand the sources and sinks of this chemical. We developed a coupled flow network/fugacity-based fate and transport model to assess the contribution of different emissions sources to the concentration of BPA in surface water in Germany. The model utilizes BPA loadings and sinks, BPA physicochemical properties, a water flow network, environmental characteristics, and fugacity equations. The model considers industrial emissions, leaching from BPA-containing articles, wastewater treatment and bypass events, and emissions from landfills. The model also considers different scenarios that account for changes in the usage profile of BPA. Model predictions compare favorably to measured surface water concentrations, with the modeled concentrations generally falling within the range of measured values. Model scenarios that consider reductions in BPA usage due to government-mandated restrictions and voluntary reductions in usage predict falling BPA concentrations that are consistent with the most recent monitoring data. Model predictions of the contributions from different usage scenarios and wastewater treatment methods can be used to assess the efficacy of different restrictions and waste handling strategies to support efforts to evaluate the costs and benefits associated with actions aimed at reducing BPA levels in the environment. This feature of the model is of particular importance, given current efforts to update the regulations regarding BPA usage in the EU. The model indicates that as the current restriction on BPA in thermal paper works through the paper recycling process, BPA concentrations will continue to decrease. Other actions, such as upgrades to the stormwater and wastewater infrastructure to minimize the frequency of storm-related bypasses, are predicted to provide more meaningful reductions than additional restrictions on usage. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:226–238. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Evidence on the therapeutic role of thiolutin in imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like skin inflammation in mice
Authors: Wang Aixue , Ma Xixing , Wei Feng , Li Yanling , Liu Qiang , Zhang Huanhuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionA recent study confirmed that thiolutin (THL), as a potent inflammasome inhibitor, plays a promising therapeutic role in multiple inflammatory disease models. However, the effect of THL on psoriasis has not been reported so far.MethodsA psoriasiform dermatitis model was prepared by applying 5% imiquimod (IMQ) cream on mice. A total of 36 mice were randomly divided into six groups: control, model, model + THL‐L/M/H (THL, 1/2.5/5 mg/kg/day), model + methotrexate (1 mg/kg/day). Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores were observed and calculated. The histological changes in skin, liver, and kidney tissues were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and blood creatinine were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer. The size of the spleens was determined, and the proportion of Foxp3 + CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the spleens was tested by flow cytometry. The proinflammatory factors and nucleotide oligomerization domain nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome protein levels were examined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, respectively.ResultsTHL administration preeminently reduced the thickness, scaling, and erythema of the skin lesions, alleviated IMQ‐induced psoriasiform lesions in mice, reduced the PASI score, and ameliorated histopathological changes in mouse skin. The spleen index was decreased by almost half and the proportion of Foxp3 + CD4+ Treg cells was increased after intervention by THL. THL intervention did not affect liver and kidney function, but decreased the expression levels of proinflammatory factors and NLRP3 inflammasome in the skin of psoriatic mice.ConclusionsTHL may alleviate IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like manifestations in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.
Buyang Huanwu Decoction promotes the neurological recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury via inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress
Authors: Li Xu , Song Yingjun , Yang Yang , Zhang Guofu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence rate of spinal cord injury (SCI) is increasing, and the mortality or disability rate caused by SCI remains high in the world. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a kind of Traditional Chinese medicine, and it is believed to be effective in several kinds of nervous system diseases. Whether BYHWD could improve SCI and the potential function mechanism remain unclear.MethodsSCI animal model was established by damaging T10 spinal cord. Animals experiments included five groups as follows: Sham, SCI, SCI+BYHWD, SCI+mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and SCI+BYHWD+MSCs. H2O2‐treated cells (100 µM, 6 h) were used to simulate SCI damage in vitro, which included five groups as follows: control, H2O2, H2O2+BYHWD, H2O2+MSCs, and H2O2+BYHWD+MSCs. The behavioral function was evaluated with Tarlov and inclined plated test score. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect protein expression. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondiadehyde (MDA), interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and IL‐6 in serum were measured with commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and flow cytometry were performed to measure apoptosis in vivo and in vitro levels. Gene expression profiling analysis was performed to analyze differential expression genes.ResultsBYHWD suppressed apoptosis and accelerating cell proliferation after SCI. Recovery of neurofunction, inhibition of inflammatory response, and oxidative condition were achieved by BYHWD and MSCs. The expression levels of gp130/Janus kinase/signal transducers and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) were suppressed by BYHWD and MSCs, both in vivo and in vitro. BYHWD and MSCs markedly promoted cells viability and inhibited apoptosis. Greater gene expression difference was observed between group control and H2O2 through gene expression profiling analysis. The recovery effects of traumatic SCI by BYHWD were similar to MSCs, and synergies effects were observed in several items.ConclusionBYHWD could increase Tarlov score and Basso, Beatie, and Bresnahan functional score, inhibit apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative condition after SCI. The expression level of gp130/JAK/STAT axis was suppressed by BYHWD. BYHWD might be a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention or treatment of SCI.
The relationship between loneliness and problematic smartphone use among adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The mediating role of negative emotions and maladaptive coping
Authors: Du Xiaoli , Xiang Guangcan , Xiao Mingyue , Liu Xinyuan , Sun Jiayi , Ding Cody , Chen Hong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionGiven the observed increased feelings of loneliness and problematic smartphone use among adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic, further research was needed to determine whether and how the increased loneliness of adolescents during such major public health crisis events affects the risk of problematic smartphone use among adolescents. This study aimed to examine the relationship between loneliness and problematic smartphone use among Chinese adolescents (aged 10–16 years) during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to investigate the possible mediating role of negative emotions and maladaptive coping.MethodsA total of 672 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.05, SD = 1.51, 50.4% boys, 93.8% from rural areas, 22.5% of whom were only children) took part in this cross‐sectional study in April 2022 by completing the Chinese adolescent version of the Loneliness Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (subscale), the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale.ResultsThe serial mediation model revealed that negative emotions and maladaptive coping independently mediated the relationship between adolescents' loneliness and problematic smartphone use. In addition, the mediation effects of “negative emotions‐maladaptive coping” could also mediate the relationship between loneliness and problematic smartphone use.ConclusionsLoneliness may be positively related to problematic smartphone use through negative emotions and maladaptive coping among adolescents during major public health crisis events, such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Evaluation of the Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition on Fracture Risk: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization and Genetic Association Study
Authors: Dai Huajie , Zheng Longyi , Zhu Zheng , Geng Xin , Hou Tianzhichao , Wang Qi , Zhu Yijie , Lin Hong , Wang Shuangyuan , Zheng Ruizhi , Zhao Zhiyun , Li Mian , Lu Jieli , Xu Yu , Wang Tiange , Liu Jianmin , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Zheng Jie , Xu Min 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
This study aims to evaluate the causal effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition on bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis, and fracture risk using genetics. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed utilizing two sets of genetic variants as instruments (six and two single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) associated with SLC5A2 gene expression and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels. Summary statistics of BMD from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis consortium (BMD for total body, n = 66,628; femoral neck, n = 32,735; lumbar spine, n = 28,498; forearm, n = 8143) and osteoporosis (6303 cases, 325,717 controls) and 13 types of fracture (≤17,690 cases, ≤328,382 controls) data from the FinnGen study were obtained. One-sample MR and genetic association analyses were conducted in UK Biobank using the individual-level data of heel BMD (n = 256,286) and incident osteoporosis (13,677 cases, 430,262 controls) and fracture (25,806 cases, 407,081 controls). Using six SNPs as the instrument, genetically proxied SGLT2 inhibition showed little evidence of association with BMD of total body, femoral neck, lumbar spine, and forearm (all p ≥ 0.077). Similar results were observed using two SNPs as instruments. Little evidence was found for the SGLT2 inhibition effect on osteoporosis (all p ≥ 0.112) or any 11 major types of fracture (all p ≥ 0.094), except for a nominal significance for fracture of lower leg (p = 0.049) and shoulder and upper arm (p = 0.029). One-sample MR and genetic association analysis showed that both the weighted genetic risk scores constructed from the six and two SNPs were not causally associated with heel BMD, osteoporosis, and fracture (all p ≥ 0.387). Therefore, this study does not support an effect of genetically proxied SGLT2 inhibition on fracture risk. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Amelioration of neurobehavioral, biochemical, and morphological alterations associated with silver nanoparticles exposure by taurine in rats
Authors: Njoku Chiwueze A. , Ileola‐Gold Ayomitan V. , Adelaja Uthman A. , Ikeji Cynthia N. , Owoeye Olatunde , Adedara Isaac A. , Farombi Ebenezer O. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe adverse effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the nervous system is an emerging concern of public interest globally. Taurine, an essential amino acid required for neurogenesis in the nervous system, is well‐documented to possess antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Yet, there is no report in the literature on the effect of taurine on neurotoxicity related to AgNPs exposure. Here, we investigated the neurobehavioral and biochemical responses associated with coexposure to AgNPs (200 µg/kg body weight) and taurine (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) in rats. Locomotor incompetence, motor deficits, and anxiogenic‐like behavior induced by AgNPs were significantly alleviated by both doses of taurine. Taurine administration enhanced exploratory behavior typified by increased track plot densities with diminished heat maps intensity in AgNPs‐treated rats. Biochemical data indicated that the reduction in cerebral and cerebellar acetylcholinesterase activity, antioxidant enzyme activities, and glutathione level by AgNPs treatment were markedly upturned by both doses of taurine. The significant abatement in cerebral and cerebellar oxidative stress indices namely reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, hydrogen peroxide, and lipid peroxidation was evident in rats cotreated with AgNPs and taurine. Further, taurine administration abated nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha levels cum myeloperoxidase and caspase‐3 activities in AgNPs‐treated rats. Amelioration of AgNPs‐induced neurotoxicity by taurine was confirmed by histochemical staining and histomorphometry. In conclusion, taurine via attenuation of oxido‐inflammatory stress and caspase‐3 activation protected against neurotoxicity induced by AgNPs in rats.