bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B‐site internal‐strain regulation engineering of tungsten bronze structural dielectric ceramics
Authors: Luo Weijia , Wang Xubin , Bai Baiheng , Qiao Jianli , Chen Xingcong , Wen Yongzheng , Sun Jingbo , Li Lingxia , Zhou Ji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInternal strain is considered to be related to the dielectric loss of tungsten bronze structural ceramics, while its effects often cannot be effectively distinguished from non‐intrinsic factors. To quantitatively determine the influential mechanism of dielectric loss by internal strain, B‐site controllable co‐substituted (Al3+, Ga3+, and Sc3+) Ba4Nd9.33Ti18O54 ceramics with single phase were designed and synthesized, and the ratio is designed with the equivalent radius of substituted ions is equal to Ti4+. Through calibrating the global instability index, the relatively straightforward relationship between internal strain and Q×f value is established. As a result, a loss gradient (Q×f value from 8468 to 14311 GHz) and an almost stable real part of permittivity (εr ∼ 68 with near‐zero τf) can be obtained. Not only does it provide direct evidence for the effectiveness of internal strain control on dielectric loss, but also decouples three key parameters of microwave dielectric ceramics, which may be of great significance in future device physics, especially for all‐ceramic non‐Hermitian devices.
Ancient human colonization explains dung beetle species richness in the Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands
Authors: Tonelli Mattia , Dellacasa Marco , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimDifferent hypothesis have been proposed to explain differences in species richness among islands. However, few studies have attempted to compare the explanatory power of multiple hypotheses using a large data set. Here, we analyse how different types of predictors (energetic/climatic, environmental heterogeneity, island biogeography and anthropogenic) affect variation in dung beetle species richness on Mediterranean and Macaronesian islands.LocationMediterranean and Macaronesian islands.TaxonDung beetles.MethodsUsing a large data set of islands (n = 147), we extracted the species richness of dung beetles on each island using 362 bibliographic reference sources. We performed GLMs to analyse the relationship between the species richness of dung beetles and 11 explanatory variables (temperature, evapotranspiration, aridity, area, maximum elevation, connection to continent during LGM, geological origin, distance from continent, nearest continent, years since first human colonization and human density) representing four types of causal hypotheses. We also included as a covariate the number of published papers studying dung beetles as a surrogate of the survey/study effort carried out in each island.ResultsGLMs suggest that the years since first human colonization, the number of published papers and island area were the predictors with a higher explanatory capacity. The volcanic character of the islands and the distance from the mainland had some relevance in the case of Scarabaeinae and Geotrupinae, and maximum elevation appeared relevant in the species richness of Scarabaeinae and Aphodiidae. The anthropogenic and island biogeography hypotheses on the variation in species richness were the ones that have the strongest explanatory capacity, regardless of the inclusion of the surrogate of survey effort as a covariate in the models.Main conclusionsThe long history of human movements and agricultural activities has facilitated the colonization of dung beetles and provided trophic resources for their persistence, leading to increased species richness. Thus, the importance of anthropogenic factors in shaping the biodiversity patterns of island biogeography cannot be ignored. These human‐induced influences may play a fundamental role in altering the biogeographic patterns of islands, even overriding the importance of other variables. Consequently, our findings underline the profound impact of historical human actions on islands biodiversity.
In‐hospital mortality and length of stay of patients with hypertensive crisis treated at public hospitals in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Degefu Natanim , Edessa Dumessa , Getachew Melaku , Motuma Aboma , Regassa Lemma Demissie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHypertensive crisis poses substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess in‐hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and their predictors among patients with hypertensive crisis treated at public hospitals in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia. An institutional‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted from October 1 to 31, 2022. The medical records of 328 patients with hypertensive crisis treated at two public hospitals between September 1, 2017 and August 31, 2022 were reviewed. Cox proportional hazards regression and negative binomial regression were used to identify predictors of in‐hospital mortality and LOS, respectively. The in‐hospital mortality rate of patients with hypertensive crisis was 18.94 (95% confidence interval (CI): 12.08–29.70) per 1000 person‐day observation. The median (interquartile range) LOS of these patients was 10 (4–120) hours. Age ≥65 years (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 3.30; 95% CI: 1.17– 9.33); increment in initial systolic blood pressure (AHR: 1.040; 95% CI: 1.014–1.066); and having acute brain‐related damage (AHR: 4.02; 95% CI: 1.48–10.88) were predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Rural residence (adjusted incident‐rate ratio (IRR): 1.34; 95% CI: 1.03–1.75); having a history of medication discontinuation (adjusted IRR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.16–2.18); comorbidity (adjusted IRR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.49–2.43); acute brain‐related damage (adjusted IRR: 13.32; 95% CI: 9.22–19.24), acute cardiac‐related damage (adjusted IRR: 7.40; 95% CI: 4.90–11.16); and acute kidney injury (adjusted IRR: 7.64; 95% CI: 5.46–10.69) were predictors of LOS. Thus, it is necessary to develop strategies that allow early screening and follow‐up of patients at risk.
Swallowing performance in older adults: Associated cognitive, neuroanatomical and demographic factors
Authors: Bindels K. L. , Verhoeff M. C. , Su N. , Knijn F. V. , Aarab G. , Fuh J. L. , Lin C.‐S. , Lobbezoo F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSwallowing problems are frequently seen in older adults, especially in individuals with cognitive impairment (CI). The brain plays a crucial role in both cognition and swallowing. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, researchers identified regions associated with swallowing. However, it is not yet fully elucidated which factors influence the swallowing performance in older adults.ObjectivesThe current study investigated which factors, such as cognitive function, neuroanatomical factors (e.g., the cortical thickness and volume of specific brain regions) and demographical factors are associated with swallowing performance in older adults. Secondly, it was investigated whether there is a difference in neuroanatomical factors between individuals with and without CI.Research Design and MethodsIn total, 15 CI individuals (73.1 ± 9.1 years; 46.7% male) and 48 non‐CI controls (69.0 ± 5.1 years; 29.2% male) were included. The repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST) was performed, and an MRI scan was acquired from the participants.ResultsMultivariate linear regression analysis showed that the cortical thickness of the right supramarginal gyrus and female gender were positively associated, and a higher age was negatively associated with the RSST in older adults (p < .05). CI was not significantly associated with swallowing performance. Furthermore, it was found that the cortical volume differs more frequently between CI and non‐CI than the cortical thickness.ConclusionA thinner cortex of the right supramarginal gyrus and being an older female are associated with poorer swallowing performance. Secondly, cortical volume was more often found to differ between CI and non‐CI individuals than cortical thickness.
Vapour pressure deficit modulates hydraulic function and structure of tropical rainforests under nonlimiting soil water supply
Authors: Binks Oliver , Cernusak Lucas A. , Liddell Michael , Bradford Matt , Coughlin Ingrid , Bryant Callum , Palma Ana C. , Hoffmann Luke , Alam Iftakharul , Carle Hannah J. , Rowland Lucy , Oliveira Rafael S. , Laurance Susan G. W. , Mencuccini Maurizio , Meir Patrick 
Published: September 2023

Summary

Atmospheric conditions are expected to become warmer and drier in the future, but little is known about how evaporative demand influences forest structure and function independently from soil moisture availability, and how fast‐response variables (such as canopy water potential and stomatal conductance) may mediate longer‐term changes in forest structure and function in response to climate change.

We used two tropical rainforest sites with different temperatures and vapour pressure deficits (VPD), but nonlimiting soil water supply, to assess the impact of evaporative demand on ecophysiological function and forest structure. Common species between sites allowed us to test the extent to which species composition, relative abundance and intraspecific variability contributed to site‐level differences.

The highest VPD site had lower midday canopy water potentials, canopy conductance (gc), annual transpiration, forest stature, and biomass, while the transpiration rate was less sensitive to changes in VPD; it also had different height–diameter allometry (accounting for 51% of the difference in biomass between sites) and higher plot‐level wood density.

Our findings suggest that increases in VPD, even in the absence of soil water limitation, influence fast‐response variables, such as canopy water potentials and gc, potentially leading to longer‐term changes in forest stature resulting in reductions in biomass.
Paths to trust: Explaining citizens' trust to experts and evidence‐informed policymaking during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Angelou Angelos , Ladi Stella , Panagiotatou Dimitra , Tsagkroni Vasiliki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic brought forward new questions about the efficient implementation of arduous public policies. Drawing evidence from the pandemic, this article argues that, during crises, policymakers will often opt for evidence‐informed policymaking, hoping for better results. In line with previous studies, we show that citizens trust more policies coming from experts rather than policymakers and elected politicians. We also add nuance to these claims as we attribute this tendency to the technocratic legitimacy thesis, referring to the symbolic significance of expert authority. Employing a public opinion survey conducted across four European countries, Germany, Greece, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, we show that independently of prior levels of political trust and each country's mortality rate, citizens welcomed evidence‐informed policies during the pandemic's first wave. Politicians can leverage these insights to increase public compliance with crisis management policies.
Passive transfer of alloantibodies through breast milk as a mediator of hemolytic anemia
Authors: Abels Elizabeth , Jacobs Jeremy W. , Prior Daniel , Willets Laura C. , Sostin Nataliya , Tormey Christopher A. , Binns Thomas C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundHemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is characterized by destruction of fetal/neonatal red blood cells (RBCs) secondary to maternally derived antibodies, which are typically thought to be passively acquired via placental transfer. Few cases have examined the possibility of HDFN mediated by maternal antibodies passively transferred via breast milk.MethodsWe describe two cases of persistent HDFN in infants potentially mediated by passively acquired antibodies via maternal breast milk. We discuss supporting and refuting evidence that may account for this possibility and describe testing methodology illustrating how maternal alloantibodies can be detected in breast milk.ResultsIn both cases, anti‐D antibodies were detected in maternal breast milk. One patient experienced a significant decrease in anti‐D plasma titer from 64 to 4 dilutions following 2 weeks of breastfeeding cessation. The other patient experienced a resolution of anemia without breastfeeding cessation.ConclusionThere is a paucity of data regarding the lifespan of passively acquired RBC antibodies in neonatal circulation, with significant variation noted between passively acquired IgG based on studies utilizing intravenous immunoglobulin compared to studies of maternally‐acquired antiviral IgG antibodies. While our data do not definitively implicate passive transfer of alloantibodies in breast milk as a mediator of HDFN, they do illustrate the need for further investigation into the mechanisms and kinetics of passively acquired antibodies in neonatal circulation.
High-Accuracy Battery State of Charge Estimation Strategy Based on Deep Belief Network Cascaded With Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Chen Lang , Zhu Lijun , Wang Jian , Chen Long , Zeng Xiankai , Song Ziang , Wang Lujun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Battery state of charge (SOC) estimation is one of the main functions of the battery management system in electric vehicles. If the actual SOC of the battery differs significantly from the estimated value, it can lead to improper battery usage, resulting in unexpected rapid voltage drops or increases, which can affect driving safety. Therefore, high-accuracy SOC estimation is of great importance for battery management and usage. Currently used SOC estimation methods suffer from issues such as strong dependence on model parameters, error propagation from measurements, and sensitivity to initial values. In this study, we propose a high-precision SOC estimation strategy based on deep belief network (DBN) feature extraction and extended Kalman filter (EKF) for smooth output. The proposed strategy has been rigorously tested under different temperature conditions using the dynamic stress test (DST) and urban dynamometer driving schedule (US06) driving cycles. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the proposed strategy are controlled within 1.1% and 1.2%, respectively. This demonstrates the high-precision estimation achieved. To further validate the generality of this strategy, we also apply it to graphene batteries and conduct tests under US06 and highway fuel economy test (HWFET) driving cycles at temperatures of 25 °C and −10 °C. The test results show MAE of 0.47% and 2.01%, respectively.
Identifying strategic priorities for advancing global drowning prevention: a Delphi method
Authors: Scarr Justin-Paul , Jagnoor Jagnoor 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionThe burden of drowning is gaining prominence on the global agenda. Two United Nations system resolutions in 3 years reflect rising political support, but priorities remain undefined, and the issue lacks a global strategy. We aimed to identify strategic priorities for advancing global drowning prevention using a modified Delphi method.MethodsAn advisory group was formed, and participants recruited with diverse expertise and backgrounds. We used document review, and data extracted from global health partnerships to identify strategic domains and draft priorities for global drowning prevention. Participants rated the priorities in two Delphi rounds, guided by relevance, feasibility and impact on equity, and where consensus was ≥70% of participants rating the priority as critical.ResultsWe recruited 134 participants from research (40.2%), policy (26.9%), technical (25.4%) and community (7.5%) backgrounds, with 38.1% representing low- and middle-income countries. We drafted 75 priorities. Following two Delphi rounds, 50 priorities were selected across the seven domains of research and further contextualisation, best practice guidance, capacity building, engagement with other health and sustainable development agendas, high-level political advocacy, multisectoral action and strengthening inclusive global governance. Participants scored priorities based on relevance (43.2%), feasibility (29.4%) and impact on equity (27.4%).ConclusionOur study identifies global priorities for drowning prevention and provides evidence for advocacy of drowning prevention in all pertinent policies, and in all relevant agendas. The priorities can be applied by funders to guide investment, by researchers to frame study questions, by policymakers to contrast views of expert groups and by national coalitions to anchor national drowning prevention plans. We identify agendas including disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, child and adolescent health, and climate resilience, where drowning prevention might offer co-benefits. Finally, our findings offer a strategic blueprint as the field looks to accelerate action, and develop a global strategy for drowning prevention.
Influence of care group participation on infant and young child feeding, dietary diversity, WASH behaviours and nutrition outcomes in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Matsungo Tonderayi Mathew , Kamazizwa Faith , Mavhudzi Tafadzwa , Makota Starlet , Kamunda Blessing , Matsinde Calvin , Chagwena Dexter , Mukudoka Kudzai , Chopera Prosper 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe care group approach (CGA) is a community-based nutrition behaviour change strategy centred on ‘peer-to-peer learning’ through women support groups.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of the CGA on the adoption of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF), dietary diversity and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices, and associated nutrition-related outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study used a mixed-method approach in selected rural districts in Zimbabwe in June 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on IYCF, diet quality, WASH and child morbidity. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between exposure and outcome. Significance was at p<0.05.ResultsA total of 127 exposed and 234 controls were enrolled. There was no significant difference between exposed and controls on the prevalence of; diarrhoea (p=0.659), cough (p=0.191) and fever (p=0.916). No significant difference was observed in the proportion ever breastfed (p=0.609), Children with Adequate Dietary Diversity Score (p=0.606) across the two groups. However, the proportion of families with adequate Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) (p=0.005) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) (p=0.009) were significantly higher in exposed than controls. Knowledge on all promoted behaviours was significantly higher in the exposed than in controls with the exception of exclusive breast feeding. While the practices were significantly higher in exposed compared with controls for: ‘Appropriate complementary feeding for children aged 6–24 months’ (p=0.001), ‘good nutrition for women of reproductive age’ (p=0.001), ‘production and consumption of diverse nutritious food’ (p=0.001) and ‘production and consumption of biofortified crops’ (p=0.001).ConclusionsThe results showed that CGA potential to increase knowledge and achieve nutrition and health-related behaviour change in low-income settings if integrated into existing community programmes. Interestingly, HDDS and MDD-W were significantly higher in exposed than controls. However, more research is required to obtain conclusive results.
Mixed-methods study protocol to identify expectations of people with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers about voice-based digital health solutions to support the management of diabetes distress: the PsyVoice study
Authors: Aguirre Vergara Franchesca , Fischer Aurélie , Seuring Till , de Beaufort Carine , Fagherazzi Guy , Aguayo Gloria A 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionType 1 diabetes (T1D) requires continuous management to obtain a good metabolic control and prevent acute complications. This often affects psychological well-being. People with T1D frequently report diabetes distress (DD). Psychological issues can negatively affect metabolic control and well-being. New technologies can improve quality of life, reduce the treatment burden and improve glycaemic control. Voice technology may serve as an innovative and inexpensive remote monitoring device to evaluate psychological well-being. Tailoring digital health interventions according to the ability and interest of their intended ‘end-users’ increases the acceptability of the intervention itself. PsyVoice explores the perspectives and needs of people with T1D on voice-based digital health interventions to manage DD.Methods and analysisPsyVoice is a mixed-methods study with qualitative and quantitative data sources. For the qualitative part, the researchers will invite 20 people with a T1D or caregivers of children with T1D to participate in in-depth semi-structured interviews. They will be invited as well to answer three questionnaires to assess socio-demographics, diabetes management, e-Health literacy and diabetes distress. Information from questionnaires will be integrated with themes developed in the qualitative analysis of the interviews. People with T1D will be invited to participate in the protocol and give feedback on interview guides, questionnaires, information sheets and informed consent.Ethics and disseminationPsyVoice received ethical approval from Luxembourg’s National Research Ethics Committee. Participants will receive information about the purpose, risks and strategies to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of the study. The results of PsyVoice will guide the selection and development of voice-based technological interventions for managing DD. The outcome will be disseminated to academic and non-academic stakeholders through peer-reviewed open-access journals and a lay public report.Trial registration numberThis study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the numberNCT05517772.