bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual film-based testing of film quality assurance software accuracy.
Authors: Kamst Onno 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Film quality assurance (QA) software is an integral component of patient-specific QA (PSQA) for various radiation techniques where high degrees of geometrical and dosimetric accuracy are warranted. Evaluating the accuracy of these products has relied on various techniques ranging from comparative analyses, measurements with phantoms and other detectors along with confidence from industry-standard peer reviews. This publication aims to see if a series of virtually created film and DICOM images can be used to test the accuracy of certain PSQA metrics used in film QA software packages. The virtual images have been reverse-engineered to simulate GafChromic EBT-XD scanned tiff images and treatment planning system exported DICOM files. Each pair of images were designed to test a particular component of the software’s ability to process curve fitting, dosimetric differences (DD), distance to agreement (DTA), percentage threshold and gamma (γ) analysis. It was found that virtual film could simulate GafChromic EBT-XD scanned films and TPS DICOM planes and provide the physicist with empirical data on the accuracy of the mentioned metrics. The series of tests were also found to aid the physicist in determining optimal calibration models, validate geometric shifts and dosimetric differences and provide insight into possible lower dose penumbral differences.
Is osteoporosis associated with arthritis? The United States national health and nutrition examination survey 2005–2020(pre-pandemic)
Authors: Zhang Yunsong , Xiao Xiangyu , Deng Wei , Zhang Yingyan , Wang Jianyu , Han Jicheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Osteoporosis and arthritis are two common orthopedic diseases in the general population, with multiple common risk factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between osteoporosis (OP) and arthritis.Methods This cohort study included 13,310 eligible participants aged over 40 years with valid data on hypertension and arthritis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2020 (pre-pandemic). The association between osteoporosis and arthritis was studied by logistic regression, adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic factors, insufficient calcium intake, physical activity, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), blood calcium levels, blood phosphorus levels, and blood uric acid levels.Results Among the participants, 10267 (77.14%) had osteopenia or osteoporosis, and 4230 (31.78%) had self-reported arthritis. Osteoporosis was associated with arthritis [OR = 2.388, (95% CI: 2.111–2.702), P < 0.001], which remained significant [OR = 1.222, (95% CI: 1.046–1.428), P = 0.011] after adjustment. Stratified by the types of arthritis, the association remained significant in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [OR = 1.206, (95% CI: 1.044–1.394), P = 0.013] and osteoarthritis (OA) [OR = 1.427, (95% CI: 1.307–1.558), P < 0.001]. There was no clear association between osteoporosis and OA in 40–60 years old [OR = 1.231, (95% CI: (0.976–1.551), P = 0.093] or male participants [OR = 1.213, (95% CI:0.991–1.484), P = 0.069]. There was no clear association between osteoporosis and RA in participants over 60 years old [OR = 0.901, (95% CI: 0.734–1.078), P = 0.126] or female [OR = 1.031, (95% CI: 0.850–1.258), P = 0.725].Conclusions In this large nationally representative survey, arthritis (including RA and OA) is closely related to osteoporosis. Our study shows that patients with arthritis need osteoporosis screening and bone mineral density monitoring.
Neurophysiologic Features Predicting Brain Injury During Pediatric ECMO Support
Authors: Hanalioglu Damla , Temkit M’Hamed , Hildebrandt Kara , MackDiaz Elizabeth , Goldstein Zachary , Aggarwal Shefali , Appavu Brian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background/Objective: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides life-saving support to critically ill patients who experience refractory cardiopulmonary failure but carries high risk of acute brain injury. We aimed to identify characteristics predicting acute brain injury in children requiring ECMO support.Methods This is a prospective observational study from 2019–2022 of pediatric ECMO patients undergoing neuromonitoring including continuous electroencephalography, cerebral oximetry, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD). Primary outcome was acute brain injury. Clinical and neuromonitoring characteristics were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was implemented to model odds ratios (OR) and identify the combined characteristics that best discriminate risk of acute brain injury using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).Results Seventy-five pediatric patients requiring ECMO support were enrolled in this study. Of the seventy-five patients enrolled, nineteen experienced acute brain injury (25.3%), including seven (36.8%) with arterial ischemic stroke, four (21.1%) with hemorrhagic stroke, seven with hypoxic ischemic brain injury (36.8%) and one (5.3%) with both arterial ischemic stroke and hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Univariate analysis demonstrated acute brain injury to be associated with maximum hourly seizure burden (p = 0.026), epileptiform discharges (p = 0.020), electroencephalographic suppression ratio (p = 0.014), increased interhemispheric differences in electroencephalographic total power (p = 0.023) and amplitude (p = 0.011), and increased differences in TCD Thrombolysis in Brain Ischemia (TIBI) scores between bilateral middle cerebral arteries (p = 0.049). Best subset model selection identified increased seizure burden (OR = 3.86, partial R-squared 0.40, p = 0.013), increased quantitative electroencephalographic interhemispheric amplitude differences (OR = 2.69, partial R-squared 0.18, p = 0.007), and increased interhemispheric TCD TIBI score differences (OR = 4.97, partial R-squared 0.22, p = 0.005) to be independently predictive toward acute brain injury (AUROC = 0.92).Conclusions Increased seizure burden, increased interhemispheric differences in quantitative electroencephalographic amplitude and increased TCD TIBI scores each independently predict acute brain injury in children undergoing ECMO support.
Extraction And Characterization Of Gelatin From Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Skin Wastes Generated In Arba Minch Local Fish Processing Industry and Its Value Addition As Stabilizer On Yoghurt
Authors: Hirbo Hirbo Geremew , Kuse Kenenisa Abdisa , Alemu Aschalew Demisse 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fish skin is a byproduct of fish processing industry and can be converted into valuable product like gelatin. Gelatin is a soluble protein obtained by partial hydrolysis of collagen. Collagen is the main protein of animal tissues. The present study has focused on the production of gelatin from the Nile tilapia fish skins generated as byproduct in Arba Minch local fish processing industry and determination of the physicochemical characteristics of the obtained gelatin. The extraction of gelatin was carried out by a series of steps involving pre-treatment with 0.2% (w/v) sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, and 0.7% (w/v) of citric acid followed by a final extraction with deionized water at 45°C for 12 h and the obtained colloidal suspension was freeze-dried after filtration. The gelatin was extracted successfully from tilapia skins and yield of 22.34% was achieved. The extracted gelatin contained 10.92% moisture, 86.84% protein, 0.24% fat, and 0.42% ash contents (on the basis of wet weight), while gel strength, viscosity, WHC, FBC, melting point and the pH values were 228 g, 7.8 cP, 550%, 3980%, 27.5 and 6.0, respectively. The obtained gelatin was characterized by FTIR and the spectra of the extracted gelatin were found to be similar when compared with commercial gelatin. FT-IR showed regions of amides A, B, I, II and III at 3401.64, 2926.40, 1634, 1460.46 and 1110.80 cm− 1, respectively. Based on obtained results fish gelatin can be considered an excellent alternative to mammalian gelatin because of their similarity in functional properties with commercial gelatin. The extracted gelatin has been used as stabilizer in yoghurt preparations to improve the shelf- life and quality attributes. Four yoghurt samples were prepared with gelatin at different concentrations (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 & 0.6). The properties like titratable acidity, pH and % of syneresis were analyzed at every 3 days interval for the duration of two weeks. Gelatin added sample showed less syneresis compared to control and slowed the acid development in yoghurt during the storage period. The addition of extracted gelatin at 0.4% (w/v) in yoghurt gave good sensory acceptability with acceptable syneresis, while the high concentration of gelatin at 0.6% (w/v) have significantly reduced % of syneresis, which lead to very firm structure and also impaired palatability.
With Super SDMs (Machine Learning, Open Access Big Data, and The Cloud) towards a more holistic and inclusive inference: Insights from progressing the marginalized case of the world’s squirrel hotspots and coldspots
Authors: Steiner Moriz , Huettmann Falk , Bryans Nathan , Barker Bryan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Species-habitat associations are correlative, can be quantified, and used for powerful inference. Nowadays, Species Distribution Models (SDMs) play a big role, e.g. using Machine Learning and AI algorithms, but their best-available technical opportunities remain still not used for their potential e.g. in the policy sector. Here we present Super SDMs that invoke ML, OA Big Data, and the Cloud with a workflow for the best-possible inference for the 300+ global squirrel species. Such global Big Data models are especially important for the many marginalized squirrel species and the high number of endangered and data-deficient species in the world, specifically in tropical regions. While our work shows common issues with SDMs and the maxent algorithm (‘Shallow Learning'), here we present a multi-species Big Data SDM template for subsequent ensemble models and generic progress to tackle global species hotspots and cold spots for the best possible outcome.
Characterization of the microbiome and volatile compounds in anal gland secretions from domestic cats (Felis catus) using metagenomics and metabolomics
Authors: Rojas Connie A. , Marks Stanley L. , Borras Eva , Lesea Hira , McCartney Mitchell M. , Coil David , Davis Cristina E. , Eisen Jonathan A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Animals rely on volatile chemical compounds for their communication and behavior. Many of these compounds are sequestered in endocrine and exocrine glands and are synthesized by anaerobic microbes. While the volatile organic compound (VOC) or microbiome composition of glandular secretions has been investigated in several mammalian species, few have linked specific bacterial taxa to the production of volatiles or to specific microbial gene pathways. Here, we use metagenomic sequencing, mass-spectrometry based metabolomics, and culturing to profile the microbial and volatile chemical constituents of anal gland secretions in twenty-three domestic cats (Felis catus), in attempts to identify organisms potentially involved in host odor production. We found that the anal gland microbiome was dominated by bacteria in the genera Corynebacterium, Bacteroides, Proteus, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus, and showed striking variation among individual cats. Microbiome profiles also varied with host age and obesity. Metabolites such as fatty-acids, ketones, aldehydes and alcohols were detected in glandular secretions. Overall, microbiome and metabolome profiles were modestly correlated (r=0.17), indicating that a relationship exists between the bacteria in the gland and the metabolites produced in the gland. Functional analyses revealed the presence of genes predicted to code for enzymes involved in VOC metabolism such as dehydrogenases, reductases, and decarboxylases. From metagenomic data, we generated 85 high-quality metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). Of these, four were inferred to have high relative abundance in metagenome profiles and had close relatives that were recovered as cultured isolates. These four MAGs were classified as Corynebacterium frankenforstense, Proteus mirabilis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, and Bacteroides fragilis. They represent strong candidates for further investigation of the mechanisms of volatile synthesis and scent production in the mammalian anal gland.
New insights into the life-stage development and life-cycle duration of Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica
Authors: Collett Raymond Lesley , Rashidifard Milad , Marais Mariette , Daneel Mieke , Fourie Hendrika 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Meloidogyne enterolobii is a highly pathogenic nematodes species that renders host plant resistance ineffective that exists for other species. The life-cycle development, duration, and reproduction potential of three Meloidogyne species occurring in South Africa, viz. M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica were determined in roots of three crops: tomato (‘Moneymaker’), soybean (‘DM-5953-RSF’) and maize (‘P-2432-R’) under glasshouse conditions. During time intervals 3-, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-days after inoculation (DAI), 20 randomly selected individuals, representing different life-stages of each species, were isolated from crop roots. Meloidogyne enterolobii had a quicker life cycle development compared to the other two species. Mature females were observed 15 DAI for all three species, but single eggs of M. enterolobii were present at 15 DAI opposed to egg masses only found 20 and 25 DAI for the other two species. Second generation motile J2 were observed for M. enterolobii and M. javanica from 20 DAI and at 25 DAI for M. incognita. Substantially shorter degree days (DD) were recorded for M. enterolobii being 216 for tomato, 195 for soybean and 232 for maize; for M. incognita it was 292 for tomato, 264 for soybean and 314 for maize; and for M. javanica it was 276 for tomato, 248 for soybean and 298 for maize. The use of genotypes with shorter growing periods is suggested to play a crucial role in preventing more generations of M. enterolobii developing which is foreseen to potentially result in higher population densities and severe crop damage.
A Study On The Congruence and Proximity Of The Sling And Clasp Fibres At The Cardio-Esophageal Junction Of The Stomach
Authors: Chandrupatla Mrudula , Susai Surraj 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and Aim: The cardio-esophageal sphincter that is located in close longitudinal proximity to the origin of the lesser curvature of the stomach has a unique pattern of external muscle fibres whose inner oblique layer would normally form an elongated sling and the middle partially circular layer would form a projecting clasp into the already existing muscular sling of the former congruently, which would result in the formation of an anatomical sphincter in that area that would normally be devoid of the external longitudinal muscle layer coat. Certain authors have disagreed with the notion of this standard literature and have proposed that the clasp and sling fibres need not necessarily be congruent and may even remain independent of each other with partial contributions from the longitudinal muscle layers as well that may arise tangentially in different populations, which may in turn contribute to reflux esophagitis in that population. Hence, the clasp and sling fibre muscular patterns were observed in six formalin-embalmed cadavers at the department of anatomy in a tertiary care institute as part of routine dissections in series, and the findings were then reported.
Findings: At the junction of the lesser curvature of the stomach with the oesophagus, all 6 cadavers showed a longitudinal sling pattern as opposed to the conventional oblique sling. The circular muscle layer was found to be merged with the outer longitudinal muscle layer to form the sling that pulled away from the clasp, resulting in a loss of congruency for the same. The clasp fibres, however, were found to be contributed by the inner oblique muscle layer. The conventional perpendicular or tangential merging of the clasp with the sling was not observed; instead, an obtuse, blunt angular merging of the clasp with the sling was observed.
Discussion - The deviation of the sling from the clasp could indicate a lack of a proper fit between them at the cardioesophageal sphincter. The lack of robustness in the attachment of the clasp to the sling may possibly contribute to the diminished taut pull of the clasp in this subset of the population. These would be significant determinants for a predisposition to reflux esophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus.
Forward with Dementia: process evaluation of an Australian campaign to improve post-diagnostic support
Authors: Low Lee-Fay , Gresham Meredith , Phillipson Lyn , Jeon Yun-Hee , Hall Danika , Tan Amy Chen Wee , Wong Nora , Brodaty Henry 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Forward with Dementia is a co-designed campaign to improve communication of dementia diagnosis and post-diagnostic support.Methods Webinars, a website, social and traditional media, and promotions through project partners were used to disseminate campaign messages to health and social care professionals (primary audience) and people with dementia and carers (secondary audience). The campaign ran between October 2021 and June 2022, with 3-months follow-up. The RE-AIM framework was used for process evaluation. Measurements included surveys and interviews, a log of activities and engagements, and Google Analytics.Results There were 28,460 interactions with campaign activities. More than three-quarters of professionals (n = 63/81) thought webinars were very or extremely helpful. Professionals and people with dementia and carers reported that the website provided appropriate content, an approachable tone, and was easy to use. Following campaign engagement, professionals planned to (n = 77/80) or had modified (n = 29/44) how they communicated the diagnosis and/or provided post-diagnostic information and referrals. Qualitative data suggested that the campaign may have led to benefits for some people with dementia and carers.Conclusions Forward with Dementia was successful in terms of reach, appropriateness adoption and maintenance for professionals, however flow-on impacts on people with dementia are not clear. Targeted campaigns can potentially change health professionals’ management of chronic diseases such as dementia.
The Combined Therapeutic Effect of Capecitabine and Naringin on HER2+ (SK-BR-3) and HER2- (MCF-7) Human Breast Cancer Cells Lines
Authors: Soltannezhad Sanli , Jouni Fatemeh Javani , Osgoei Laya Takbiri 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. The use of natural products to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs against the proliferation of cancer cells is increasing. Here, we hypothesized that naringin in combination with capecitabine may have a synergistic effect on inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines. MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was performed to study the effect of drugs alone and in combination on the cytotoxicity of cell lines and to determine IC50 and Combination Index (CI). Moreover, the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 and caspase3 apoptotic markers were measured by Real-Time PCR after treatment. The MTT results showed that the IC50 of naringin and capecitabine in the MCF-7 cell line was 58 µg ml− 1 and 619.36 µg ml− 1, respectively, and the IC50 of these compounds for the SK-BR-3 cell line was 56.65 µg ml− 1 and 679.51 µg ml− 1. The combined use of naringin and capecitabine led to a significant decrease in the IC50 of these compounds, and the CI values were less than 1, which indicates the synergistic effects of these compounds. The gene expression results also showed an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 by naringin-capecitabine compared with capecitabine in both cell lines. Naringin-capecitabine-induced cell death was probably controlled by caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2-dependent apoptosis. Also, the combination of naringin-capecitabine has more antiproliferative properties on HER2+ cells compared with HER2−.
Stretchable and Durable HD-sEMG Electrodes for Accurate Swallowing Activity Recognition on Complex Epidermal Surfaces
Authors: Jiang Hongjie , Zhang Ding , Chen Zhitao , Xiao Longya , Zhu Beichen , Wu Ruoxuan , Ou Chengjian , Ma Yi , Xie Longhan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The utilization of Surface Electromyography (sEMG) is widespread for monitoring human health. Nonetheless, it is challenging to capture high-fidelity sEMG recordings in regions with intricate curved surfaces like the larynx, because regular sEMG electrodes have a stiff structure. In this paper, we develop a stretchable, high-density sEMG electrode array via a layer-by-layer printing and lamination process. The electrode offers a series of excellent human-machine interface features in terms of conformal adhesion to the skin, high electron-to-ionic conductivity (and thus lower contact impedance), prolonged environmental adaptability to resist water evaporation, and epidermal biocompatibility. This makes the electrode more appropriate than commercial electrodes for long-term wearable, high-fidelity recording of sEMG at complicated skin interfaces. Systematic in vivo studies investigate its practical functionality in swallowing activities classification, which is accomplished with high accuracy by decoding sEMG signals from the chin with the integration of an ear-mounted wearable system through machine learning algorithms. The results demonstrate clinical feasibility of the system in swallowing recognition-driven, non-invasive, user-comfortable dysphagia rehabilitation.