bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron‐Salen Complexes for Hydroboration of Ketones: Enhancing Reactivity via Ligand Modulation at the Phenylene Bridge
Authors: T. L. Anjima , Nesri P. Thesleema , Swamy P. Chinna Ayya 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTwo iron salen complexes, Fe─di─F and Fe─di─Me, have been synthesized by incorporating substituents that possess distinct electronic properties to the phenyl diimine bridge of salen ligands, aiming to enhance the catalytic efficiency. These structural modifications enabled the di‐fluoro substituted precatalyst, Fe─di─F, to exhibit a significant improvement in hydroboration of ketones. A diverse range of ketones were selectively hydroborated in the presence of various functional groups, even at minimal catalyst loading. The incorporation of fluorine atoms into the salen ligand proved to be a highly effective approach for boosting the catalytic efficiency of iron salen complexes in hydroboration reactions.
Advances in Programmable Control of Ostwald Ripening for Tailoring Material Properties: Challenges, Applications, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Jiang Qiyang , Liu Qianwei , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDuring the past decade, enlightened by the better understanding of the mechanism of Ostwald ripening (OR), programmable control of OR process have gained popularity in the fields from nanocrystals to bulk materials in virtue of its important on regulating the structural and chem‐physical properties. In this perspective, we systematically summarize the up‐to date advanced applications of OR process involved in nanomaterials and bulk material properties. The potential challenges and perspectives for further research are highlighted. We envision that such research directions will be a base for future work and have a bright future especially for material science.
Antibacterial studies of vitamin E encapsulated lemongrass oil nanoemulsions against gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria
Authors: Prakash Veda , Nair Vaishakh , Parida Lipika 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe current study assessed the antibacterial properties of vitamin E nanoemulsions, synthesized using a low‐energy phase inversion emulsification method. The nanoemulsions were characterized through particle size analysis, and their antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by disc diffusion method. The mechanisms underlying the antibacterial activity were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The vitamin E nanoemulsions demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains. Specifically, the zone inhibition diameters for S. aureus and E. coli increased by 5.68 times and 2.61 times, respectively, compared to the pure vitamin E component. The incorporation of Tween 80 as a surfactant resulted in a reduction of the antibacterial properties of the nanoemulsions. Furthermore, the study found that the vitamin E encapsulated lemongrass oil nanoemulsion demonstrated higher antibacterial activity to S. aureus and E. coli when compared to other nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsions exhibited significantly greater resistance to S. Aureus as compared to E. coli. SEM and FTIR analyses revealed that the nanoemulsions induced alterations in bacterial cell membrane permeability and surface characteristics. These results confirmed the mechanism of vitamin E nanoemulsions antibacterial activity and established a crucial base for their potential use in food matrices.
In Situ Mechanics of the Cytoskeleton
Authors: Orii Ryota , Tanimoto Hirokazu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNot only for man‐made architecture but also for living cells, the relationship between force and structure is a fundamental properties that governs their mechanical behaviors. However, our knowledge of the mechanical properties of intracellular structures is very limited because of the lack of direct measurement methods. We established high‐force intracellular magnetic tweezers that can generate calibrated forces up to 10 nN, enabling direct force measurements of the cytoskeleton. Using this method, we show that the strain field of the microtubule and actin meshwork follow the same scaling, suggesting that the two cytoskeletal systems behave as an integrated elastic body. Furthermore, quantification of structural response of single microtubules demonstrates that microtubules are enclosed by the elastic medium of filamentous actin. Our results defining the force–structure relationship of the cytoskeleton serve as a framework to understand cellular behaviors by direct intracellular mechanical measurement.
In Vitro Formation of Actin Ring in the Fission Yeast Cell Extracts
Authors: Yoshihara Shogo , Nakata Takao , Kashiwazaki Jun , Aoyama Kazuhiro , Mabuchi Issei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCytokinesis in animal and fungal cells requires the contraction of actomyosin‐based contractile rings formed in the division cortex of the cell during late mitosis. However, the detailed mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we aim to develop a novel cell‐free system by encapsulating cell extracts obtained from fission yeast cells within lipid vesicles, which subsequently leads to the formation of a contractile ring‐like structure inside the vesicles. Using this system, we found that an actin ring structure formed in vesicles of a size similar to that of fission yeast cells, with the frequency of ring appearance increasing in the presence of PI(4,5)P2 (PIP2). In contrast, larger vesicles tended to form actin bundles, which were sometimes associated with ring structures or network‐like structures. The effects of various inhibitors affecting cytoskeleton formation were investigated, revealing that actin polymerization was essential for the formation of these actin structures. Additionally, the involvement of ATP, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe PLK “Plo1,” and the small GTPase Rho was suggested to play a crucial role in this process. Examination of mitotic extracts revealed the formation of actin dot structures in phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles. However, most of these structures disappeared in the presence of PIP2, leading to the formation of actin Rings instead. Using extracts from cells expressing α‐actinin Ain1 or myosin‐II light chain Rlc1, both fused with fluorescent proteins, we found that these proteins colocalized with actin bundles. In summary, we have developed a new semi‐in vitro system to investigate mechanisms such as cell division and cytoskeleton formation.
A 0.9‐V, 747‐nW Capacitively Biased Diode‐Based Single BJT Branch Bandgap Circuit
Authors: Hu Kewei , Tang Zhong , Lu Zhenghao , Nianxiong Tan Nick , Yu Xiaopeng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a bandgap reference (BGR) circuit that combines the capacitively biased diode (CBD) structure and the proportional‐to‐absolute‐temperature (PTAT) voltage‐embedded amplifier has been proposed. In order to enhance compatibility with digital domain supply voltage and achieve low power consumption, the supply voltage of the circuit is set at , benefiting from the fact that both the CBD structure and the PTAT‐embedded amplifier can operate at sub‐1 V supply voltages. The circuit generates a complementary‐to‐absolute‐temperature (CTAT) voltage through the CBD structure. PTAT voltage is achieved by a PTAT‐embedded amplifier in a unity‐gain feedback configuration. The calibration of temperature coefficient (TC) is realized by applying a time‐domain trimming method through an on‐chip RC delay circuit. The reference clock frequency is a typical 32‐kHz crystal oscillator clock frequency, enabling high versatility of the circuit. Implemented in 0.13‐m CMOS, measurement results show that the proposed BGR achieves an average temperature coefficient of 28 ppm/°C over −40°C to 125°C, voltage accuracy of 0.25%, power supply rejection (PSR) of , with an active area of , and a power consumption of .
Intrarenal pressure monitoring via flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath in retrograde intrarenal surgery: A preclinical animal study and a pilot clinical study
Authors: Zhu Wei , Yuen Steffi Kar Kei , Cao Jianwei , Chai Chu Ann , Liu Shusheng , Du Jingzeng , Zhong Wen , Zhao Zhijian , Liu Yongda , Zeng Guohua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundElevated intrarenal pressure (IRP) during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) can lead to deleterious complications. Emerging non‐invasive, real‐time IRP monitoring tools are proving crucial for enhancing procedural safety. This study evaluates a newly developed flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath (FANS) with IRP monitoring capabilities through animal study and a clinical trial, assessing its accuracy and operational benefits.MethodsA preclinical animal study and a prospective clinical trial involving 100 patients were conducted. The animal study confirmed the accuracy of IRP‐monitoring FANS, whilst the clinical trial compared its performance to conventional FANS in RIRS. The evaluated outcomes included the accuracy of IRP measurements, the irrigation flow rate, the duration of the operation, and the stone‐free rate (SFR). Statistical comparisons were performed using appropriate tests with a significant threshold of p < .05. Registration for this study is recorded under the identifier NCT06729801 at ClinicalTrials.gov.ResultsIn the animal study, IRP‐monitoring FANS demonstrated high accuracy in real‐time IRP measurement, comparable to percutaneous nephrostomy‐based monitoring. In the clinical study, IRP‐monitoring FANS enabled increased irrigation flow whilst maintaining safe IRP levels within 30 mmHg. Operative time was significantly shortened in IRP‐monitoring FANS group (50.9 vs. 67.6 min, p < .01), with similar SFRs between groups. No notable discrepancies in the rates of complications were observed.ConclusionsThe IRP‐monitoring FANS improves stone retrieval efficiency and shortens operative time whilst ensuring safety through real‐time IRP monitoring. This novel device marks a major improvement in both the safety and effectiveness of RIRS for managing large renal stones.
Enantioselective Construction of Tetrahydro‐α‐Carbolines via Organocatalytic Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation/N‐Hemiacetalization of 2‐Aminoindoles with Enals
Authors: Liu Xiaochun , Ding Xiang‐Feng , Liu Yang‐Zi , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAn efficient organocatalytic asymmetric Friedel‐Crafts alkylation/N‐hemiacetalization reaction of 2‐aminoindoles with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes was developed. By incorporating an amino group at the C2 position of indole, the nucleophilicity of the C3 position of indole and the amino group were leveraged to generate an enamine‐type ternary synthon. This approach enabled the construction of a range of chiral tetrahydro‐α‐carboline skeletons with potential biological activity, delivering moderate to excellent yields (46–83 %) and achieving outstanding enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee).
Intensity Measures for Short‐Period Structures and Their Non‐structural Components
Authors: Gerontati Angeliki , Vamvatsikos Dimitrios 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSelecting (near) optimal intensity measures (IMs) for seismic fragility assessment is fundamental for the accurate and unbiased assessment of risk. While moderate/long‐period structures benefit from a variety of well‐established options, short‐period structures and their non‐structural components (NSCs) present a more ambiguous scenario. Mainly driven by nuclear power plant studies, it is the peak ground acceleration (PGA) that has long been the default choice. Challenging this notion, we test IM candidates ranging from single‐period spectral acceleration (Sa) ordinates to geometric averages over a range of periods (AvgSa). Featuring both on‐ground NSCs and on‐structure ones, we encompass a spectrum of short‐period structures and short‐period components. Invariably, if one has the luxury of employing NSC‐specific IMs, Sa at the fundamental period of the component tends to yield the best results. In the more general case, though, certain AvgSa options whose period range starts at 0.01–0.10s and ends at 0.40–0.50s, provide a consistently improved (or at worst equal performance) compared to PGA, for a wide variety of NSCs with periods ranging from 0.05 to 0.90s.
Volatility in Carbon Futures Amid Uncertainties: Considering Geopolitical and Economic Policy Factors
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Jin Wenxin , Xu Baochang , Wang Kaihua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study uses a quantile autoregressive distributed lag model to quantitatively evaluate the effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and geopolitical risk (GPR) on volatility in carbon futures (carbon trading price [CTP]), considering both quantile and time asymmetries. The findings show that long‐term effects of GPR on CTP are more significant than the short‐term effects, contrary to EPU. Both EPU and GPR have predominantly positive long‐term effects on CTP, while EPU negatively affects CTP and geopolitical factors show mixed influences in the short term. The location asymmetry reveals that the long‐term impacts are most pronounced at higher quantiles, whereas the short‐term effects exhibit subtle variations across different quantiles. The influences intensify during structural shifts owing to heightened events. Moreover, EPU is proven as a dominant contributor influencing the fluctuation of CTP both in the short and long terms. The findings provide targeted recommendations for policymakers to stabilize CTP and contribute towards achieving sustainable development.
Risk Factors for Progressive Disease After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jang Seo Yoon , Lee Yun‐Gyoo , Chun Sang Hoon , Park Ji Hyun , Park Keon Uk , Chang Hyun , Lee Keun‐Wook , Kim Hye Ryun , Shin Seong Hoon , An Ho Jung , Lee Kyoung Eun , Hwang In Gyu , Ahn Myung‐Ju , Kim Sung‐Bae , Keam Bhumsuk 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study analyzed the clinical features of patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), who developed progressive disease (PD) after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 256 patients with R/M HNSCC treated with ICIs at 11 medical centers. Associations between the treatment outcomes―best response, overall survival, and progression‐free survival―and various clinical factors were analyzed.ResultsThe objective response rate was 19.5% and PD was observed in 50.4% of the patients. A high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR > 4; HR, 2.20 [1.28–3.78]) and large tumor size (sum of the target lesions > 40 mm; HR, 1.74 [1.03–2.94]) were significant risk factors for PD. High NLR (HR, 2.00 [1.42–2.82]), poor performance status (ECOG PS 2–3; HR, 3.51 [2.04–6.05]), and large tumor size (HR. 1.63 [1.19–2.24]) were independently associated with poor overall survival.ConclusionsPatients with high NLR and large tumor size are at higher risk of PD during ICI therapy.
Coronal alignment does not enable to predict the degree of femoral and tibial torsion
Authors: Grünwald Leonard , Schmidt Sophie , Ahrend Marc‐Daniel , Histing Tina , Döbele Stefan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeMalalignment of the lower extremity can affect one, two or all three anatomic planes. We hypothesized an influence between the malalignment of the coronal and axial planes.MethodsA total of 356 lower extremities of 226 patients were included. Femoral and tibial torsion were assessed in computer tomographic scans while frontal plane alignment was measured in long‐leg standing radiographs. The mechanical angles were for knee phenotyping according to the coronal plane alignment of the knee classification. The correlation between the coronal alignment and torsional profile was analyzed. The population was divided into three groups according to leg alignment (valgus, neutral, varus) and gender.ResultsAs the coronal alignment changed from valgus to varus the tibial external torsion increased (r = 0.35; p < 0.001). Femoral internal torsion increased as well but only in the male subgroup (r = −0.34; p < 0.001). Both femoral internal torsion and tibial external torsion increased with higher mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) but were not related to mechanical medial proximal tibial angle. A distinct pattern of results concerning knee phenotypes in relation to femoral and tibial torsion was found.ConclusionTibial torsion correlated with increasing varus alignment while both femoral and tibial torsion correlated with higher mLDFA, but the correlations were weak. Therefore, the coronal alignment does not enable to predict the degree of femoral and tibial torsion. This study demonstrates that an individual approach to each patient with lower limb malalignment is unavoidable.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Complications After Transoral Surgery for Oropharyngeal Cancer: An ACS‐NSQIP Database Study
Authors: Wong Stephanie , Tang Liyang , Kwon Daniel , Swanson Mark , Kokot Niels C. , Sinha Uttam K. , Han Albert Y. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivePrior studies have highlighted the risk of perioperative mortality due to catastrophic bleeding in patients receiving transoral surgery (TOS) for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Although the 30‐day mortality and morbidity remain low, understanding the risk factors associated with complications is still required. The goal of this study is to identify risk factors associated with complications after TOS for OPSCC using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database.MethodsA multi‐institutional retrospective cohort analysis of the ACS‐NSQIP database identified 3,489 patients undergoing TOS for OPSCC between 2010 and 2021. Preoperative risk factors were collected. The primary outcomes were 30‐day readmission, reoperation, hemorrhage, and death. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify preoperative risk factors associated with the primary outcomes.ResultsThe mean age was 60.6 years, and 81.5% were male. There were 24 deaths (0.7% 30‐day mortality rate). The rates of readmission and reoperation were 8.9% and 5.8%, respectively. Smoking (OR = 1.440, 95% CI = 1.097–1.890) and CHF (OR = 3.525, 95% CI = 1.320–9.414) were associated with readmission. Diabetes and ASA 3+ increased the risk of both reoperation (diabetes: OR = 2.679, 95% CI = 1.110–6.468, ASA: OR = 1.701, 95% CI = 1.233–2.346) and hemorrhage (diabetes: OR = 3.488, 95% CI = 1.020–11.926, ASA: OR = 2.290, 95% CI = 1.394–3.764).ConclusionThis study redemonstrated the safety of TOS for OPSCC, with low 30‐day readmission and reoperation rates. Smoking, diabetes, CHF, and ASA 3+ were important preoperative risk factors for complications.Level of Evidence: 3. Laryngoscope, 2025
How ecological regimes and emergent macrophytes determine sediment microbial communities: A new insight into typical eutrophic shallow lakes
Authors: He Rujia , Zhao Dayong , Zhou Qi , Wu Qinglong L. , Zeng Jin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the response of microbial communities to different ecological regimes in eutrophic lakes and the underlying assembly mechanisms is of great significance for revealing the biodiversity maintenance mechanisms of lake ecosystems under alternative stable states. However, our current understanding of the response of sediment microbial communities under emergent macrophytes to regime shifts remains limited. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the asynchronous variations of littoral sediment bacterial and fungal communities, regarding the microbial diversities, assembly mechanisms, and inter‐kingdom interactions across three lake regional regimes: macrophyte‐dominated, transitional, and phytoplankton‐dominated. We found the alpha diversities of the bacterial and fungal communities showed opposite trends, as the transitional regime had the highest bacterial but lowest fungal diversities. Stochastic processes, dominated by dispersal limitation, determined fungal community assembly, whereas deterministic processes, especially variable selection, shaped the bacterial community. The highest number of species–environment interactions and proportion of intra‐kingdom interactions were observed in the co‐occurrence network of the transitional regime; however, this network had the lowest proportion of inter‐kingdom (bacteria–fungi) interactions among the three lake regional regimes. Furthermore, the macrophyte‐dominated regime was observed to have the most complex network structure and maintain the highest microbial community stability. The rhizosphere of Phragmites australis enhanced the inter‐kingdom interactions of bacterial and fungal communities. These findings provide a preliminary ecological perspective for understanding the hysteresis of regimes in response to environmental stress at the microbial community level and emphasize the importance of distinguishing ecologically distinct microbial taxa in future studies focused on alternative stable states.
Incidence of Adrenal Insufficiency in Patients with High‐Risk Neuroblastoma: A Single‐Institution Analysis
Authors: Srivatsa Shachi , Metzger Greg , Horvath Kyle , Patterson Kelli , Scruggs Megan , Bourgeois Tran , Stanek Joseph , Minneci Peter C. , Aldrink Jennifer H. , Streby Keri A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, with about half of cases classified as high risk. Treatment varies by risk level, with high‐risk patients undergoing aggressive multimodal therapy. While long‐term survival has improved, survivors face significant risks of late treatment effects, including adrenal insufficiency. This study investigates the incidence of adrenal insufficiency among neuroblastoma patients of varying disease risk.ProcedureThis retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary children's hospital reviewed records from 1998 to 2021, identifying 370 neuroblastoma patients, with 137 having complete risk stratification. The primary outcome was the incidence of adrenal insufficiency, diagnosed via clinical evaluation, and compared by risk group.ResultsAmong 137 patients with neuroblastoma, nine (12.0%) high‐risk and three (4.9%) non‐high‐risk patients were diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency. The cumulative incidence of adrenal insufficiency at 3 years after neuroblastoma diagnosis was 9.9% in high‐risk and 3.5% in non‐high‐risk patients. Among high‐risk neuroblastoma patients with adrenal insufficiency, median time to adrenal insufficiency diagnosis was 10.2 months from neuroblastoma diagnosis, with cases more commonly occurring in patients with adrenal primary tumors (p = 0.0234). There were no other significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between high‐risk patients with and without adrenal insufficiency.ConclusionsAdrenal insufficiency occurs more commonly in children with high‐risk neuroblastoma than in non‐high‐risk cases, particularly those with adrenal primary tumors. These findings underscore the need for vigilant monitoring and screening for adrenal insufficiency during and after treatment. Future research should include larger, multi‐institutional cohorts to better understand risk factors and optimize screening protocols.