bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic response to different predator strategies can be mediated by temperature
Authors: Cerini Francesco , O'Brien Duncan , Wolfe Ellie , Besson Marc , Clements Christopher F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTemperature change affects biological systems in multifaceted ways, including the alteration of species interaction strengths, with implications for the stability of populations and communities. Temperature‐dependent changes to antipredatory responses are an emerging mechanism of destabilization and thus there is a need to understand how prey species respond to predation pressures in the face of changing temperatures. Here, using ciliate protozoans, we assess whether temperature can alter the strength of phenotypic antipredator responses in a prey species and whether this relationship depends on the predator's hunting behavior. We exposed populations of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum to either (i) a sit‐and‐wait generalist predator (Homalozoon vermiculare) or (ii) a specialized active swimmer predator (Didinium nasutum) across two different temperature regimes (15 and 25°C) to quantify the temperature dependence of antipredator responses over a 24‐h period. We utilized a novel high‐throughput automated robotic monitoring system to track changes in the behavior (swimming speed) and morphology (cell size) of P. caudatum at frequencies and resolutions previously unachievable by manual sampling. The change in swimming speed through the 24 h differed between the two temperatures but was not altered by the presence of the predators. In contrast, P. caudatum showed a substantial temperature‐dependent morphological response to the presence of D. nasutum (but not H. vermiculare), changing cell shape toward a more elongated morph at 15°C (but not at 25°C). Our findings suggest that temperature can have strong effects on prey morphological responses to predator presence, but that this response is potentially dependent on the predator's feeding strategy. This suggests that greater consideration of synergistic antipredator behavioral and physiological responses is required in species and communities subject to environmental changes.
Golf course living leads to a diet shift for American alligators
Authors: Rosenblatt Adam E. , Greco Robert , Beal Eli , Colbert Joseph , Moore Yank , Baglin Victoria , Nifong James C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman‐driven land use change can fundamentally alter ecological communities, especially the diversity and abundance of large‐bodied predators. Yet, despite the important roles large‐bodied predators play in structuring communities through feeding, there have been only a few investigations of how the feeding patterns of large‐bodied predators change in human‐dominated landscapes. One group of large‐bodied predators that has been largely overlooked in the context of land use change is the crocodilians. To help fill these gaps, we studied the feeding patterns of juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) on neighboring barrier islands on the southeast coast of Georgia, USA. Jekyll Island has multiple golf courses and substantial amounts of human activity, while Sapelo Island does not have any golf courses and a much smaller amount of human activity. We found that juvenile alligator populations on both islands ate the same types of prey but in vastly different quantities. Sapelo Island alligators primarily consumed crustaceans while alligators that lived on Jekyll Island's golf courses ate mostly insects/arachnids. Furthermore, the Jekyll Island alligators exhibited a much more generalist feeding pattern (individuals mostly ate the same types of prey in the same quantities) than the more specialized Sapelo Island alligators (diets were more varied across individuals). The most likely explanation for our results is that alligators living on golf courses have different habitat use patterns and have access to different prey communities relative to alligators in more natural habitats. Thus, land use change can strongly alter the feeding patterns of large‐bodied predators and, as a result, may affect their body condition, exposure to human‐made chemicals, and role within ecological communities.
Measurement of acetylcholinesterase using a two‐dimensional electrochemical sensor LAAS
Authors: Miyairi Akitsugu , Hasegawa Yuki , Uchida Hidekazu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we measured the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using the Light Addressable Amperometric Sensor (LAAS), an electrochemical sensor that can easily measure redox current values of multiple samples. Acetylthiocholine (ATCh) was used as a substrate. ATCh is hydrolyzed by AChE and releases electrons, making it possible to measure current values in accordance with the amount of substrate using LAAS. When KCl solution was used as the supporting electrolyte and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode as the counter electrode, a correlation between substrate concentration and reaction was confirmed in the range of 1 μM–10 mM. Malathion was then used as an inhibitor of AChE. Malathion phosphorylates and inactivates AChE, which prevents substrate hydrolysis and is expected to decrease the current value. Experimental results showed a decrease in sensor response correlated with inhibitor concentration.
Light‐Induced Domino and Multicomponent Reactions: How to Reach Molecular Complexity without a Catalyst
Authors: Renzi Polyssena , Scarfiello Jacopo , Lanfranco Alberto , Deagostino Annamaria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAchieving high molecular complexity can be not trivial, but the exploitation of domino reactions provides an atom‐ and step‐economical method to reach this target. Over the past decades, a lot of efforts have been put on the development of photocatalytic cascades employing both metal‐based and purely organic catalysts. Despite the effectiveness of these protocols, catalyst‐ and additive‐free light‐induced domino reactions are gaining momentum thank to their efficiency, operational simplicity and sustainability. The increasing number of papers published on this field in the last years is a proof of the appeal of these transformations. In this Review, we discuss domino and multicomponent reactions mediated by light with a focus on photocatalyst‐ and additive‐free processes. The most recent advances in the synthesis of complex nitrogen‐, oxygen‐, sulphur‐ and selenium‐heterocycles together with multicomponent cascades are analysed with an emphasis on both experimental and mechanistic studies.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Iminosugar‐C‐Glycosides through Addition of Organometallic Reagents to N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Glycosylamines: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Kamzol Daniel , Neuville Maxime , Cocaud Chloé , Tiger Killian , Taffoureau Baptiste , Lewiński Krzysztof , Jaszczyk Justyna , Martin Olivier R. , Baś Sebastian , Routier Sylvain , Gillaizeau Isabelle , Buron Frédéric , Nicolas Cyril 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA comprehensive study of the preparation and reactivity of N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl glycosylamines with simple Grignard and organo lithium reagents in batch vs. continuous flow chemistry is reported. As they readily react as latent imine equivalents with a variety of carbon nucleophiles, these carbohydrate derivatives constitute very useful precursors for the diastereoselective synthesis of bioactive compounds such as iminosugar‐C‐glycosides. A hybrid protocol, involving the addition of benzylmagnesium chloride to a (SR)‐arabinofuranosylamine substrate in flow, at room temperature, combined with a cyclization protocol in batch is also described for the first time. Of note, this semi‐continuous flow process shortens the synthesis of imino‐C‐glycoside scaffolds to a single workday.
Mechanisms and treatment of opioid‐induced pruritus: Peripheral and central pathways
Authors: Okutani Hiroai , Lo Vecchio Silvia , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePruritus (also known as itch) is defined as an unpleasant and irritating sensation of the skin that provokes an urge to scratch or rub. It is well known that opioid administration can cause pruritus, which is paradoxical as itch and pain share overlapping sensory pathways. Because opioids inhibit pain but can cause itching. Significant progress has been made to improve our understanding of the fundamental neurobiology of itch; however, much remains unknown about the mechanisms of opioid‐induced pruritus. The prevention and treatment of opioid‐induced pruritus remains a challenge in the field of pain management. The objective of this narrative review is to present and discuss the current body of literature and summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying opioid‐induced pruritus, and its relationship to analgesia, and possible treatment options.ResultsThe incidence of opioid‐induced pruritus differs with different opioids and routes of administration, and the various mechanisms can be broadly divided into peripheral and central. Especially central mechanisms are intricate, even at the level of the spinal dorsal horn. There is evidence that opioid receptor antagonists and mixed agonist and antagonists, especially μ‐opioid antagonists and κ‐opioid agonists, are effective in relieving opioid‐induced pruritus. Various treatments have been used for opioid‐induced pruritus; however, most of them are controversial and have conflicting results.ConclusionThe use of a multimodal analgesic treatment regimen combined with a mixed antagonist and κ agonists, especially μ‐opioid antagonists, and κ‐opioid agonists, seems to be the current best treatment modality for the management of opioid‐induced pruritus and pain.SignificanceOpioids remain the gold standard for the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain as well as cancer pain. It is well known that opioid‐induced pruritus often does not respond to regular antipruritic treatment, thereby posing a challenge to clinicians in the field of pain management. We believe that our review makes a significant contribution to the literature, as studies on the mechanisms of opioid‐induced pruritus and effective management strategies are crucial for the management of these patients.
Who feels good in solitude? A qualitative analysis of the personality and mindset factors relating to well‐being when alone
Authors: Weinstein Netta , Hansen Heather , Nguyen Thuy‐vy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhat leads to peaceful and enjoyable solitude? Little is known about which personality and mindset qualities benefit individuals during time spent alone. The current study was designed to build a foundation for future quantitative and qualitative research making a priori predictions about well‐being (e.g., relaxation) or ill‐being (e.g., loneliness) when individuals are in solitude. Semi‐structured interviews of n = 60 participants, aged 19–80, were analyzed into themes. Exposure to the benefits of solitude early in life and personality characteristics that cross life's domains (capacity for introspection and self‐reflection and optimism) were associated with enjoying solitude. Mindsets recognizing that solitude benefits self‐connection, as well as in situ factors of creativity and curiosity, appeared to play important roles. In a final theme, self‐compassion, a present focus and perspective taking helped to alleviate discomfort during difficult moments of solitude. These findings deepen our understanding of which qualities individuals bring forward to enhance their moments of solitude.
Separation mixed semen of two individuals using magnetic beads coupled ABH blood group antibody
Authors: Yao Jun , Adnan Atif , Wang Hong‐bo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn sexual assault cases, one of the most common samples collected is a mixed semen stain, which is often found on the vagina, female underwear, or bed sheets. However, it is usually difficult to identify the perpetrator based on this sample alone. One technique that has been developed to address this issue is magnetic bead‐based separation. This method involves using modified magnetic microspheres to capture and enrich specific target cells, in this case, sperm cells. In this study, we utilized magnetic beads coupled with ABH blood group antibody to isolate sperm cells from an individual of a single ABO blood type. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction amplification and capillary electrophoresis were employed to perform the genotyping the short tandem repeat (STR) loci. This approach allows for the identification of different individuals in a mixed seminal stain sample from two individuals, by first separating sperm cells based on ABH antigen differences and subsequently utilizing autosomal STR typing on the enriched single blood group cells.
Transient dynamic electrophoresis of a spherical colloidal particle
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA general theory is presented for the transient dynamic electrophoresis of a spherical colloidal particle in an electrolyte solution under a suddenly applied oscillating electric field. An approximate analytic expression is derived for the transient dynamic electrophoretic mobility, which is applicable for low particle zeta potentials and arbitrary Debye length. It is found that the electrophoretic mobility shows a damped oscillation, approaching its final value, unlike the case where a step electric field is applied.
Combining System Models and CAD for Change Scenario Management
Authors: Hick Hannes , Sanladerer Stefan , Trautner Jessica , Ryan Karen , Piguet Jean , Wilking Fabian , Horber Dennis , Faustmann Clemens , Kranabitl Philipp , Kollegger Stefan , Bajzek Matthias , Schleich Benjamin , Wartzack Sandro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the development of complex mechatronic systems, interdisciplinary cooperation requires an exchange between stakeholders in order to ensure fulfillment of requirements and related functions. The cooperation of the stakeholders from different disciplines must be well coordinated to address systems changes. The system model as an essential aspect of model‐based systems engineering, has to be linked to specific models of involved disciplines (mechanical, electrical/electronical and software) to enable a basis for automatic identification e.g., of affected subsystems and functions. This contribution discusses the potential of model linking from the perspective of change scenarios by considering published approaches to link system models and computer‐aided design (CAD). A methodical approach on how descriptive system models can be used as base for computer‐aided design is presented. This approach is analyzed by reviewing a use case for a design change scenario of an automotive eAxle.
An Approach to Integrated Digital Requirements Engineering
Authors: Duprez Jean , Paper Pascal , Fraj Amine , Royer Laurent , Petteys Becky 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSystems engineering activities in the concept and development phases have evolved continuously for decades. The deployment of digital thread, digital engineering, MBSE approaches, and modeling and simulation techniques have driven part of this evolution.Despite this trend, requirements are still largely textual and expressed in natural language, and requirements engineering activities are still often document‐based. However, model‐based requirements‐engineering approaches have emerged in recent years and have demonstrated significant benefits, including improved requirements quality, less ambiguity, and early and efficient verification and validation.The goal of this paper is to present the current outcomes and perspectives of setting up an Integrated Digital Requirements Engineering approach as developed within our company. This approach seeks to optimize usability and maximize benefits to support end‐to‐end V&V activities while fully integrating into MBSE workflows.
Orion SysML Model, Digital Twin, and Lessons Learned for Artemis I
Authors: Pierce Gregory J. , Heeren Joshua D. , Hill Terry R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 2015 it was recognized by NASA's Orion Chief Engineer that NASA's design insight into the Orion subsystems for Artemis I was not sufficient to provide standard engineering support to flight operations. To address these concerns, provide an opportunity to apply emerging model‐based systems engineering and digital twin methodologies, and provide opportunities for employees across NASA to get hands‐on training, an Orion Digital Twin pilot project was initiated in 2020 as part of the Agency's Digital Transformation initiative. With the increase in complexities of spacecraft, and decreased time to made decisions during missions in critical or emergency situations, digital modeling and integration of design can reduce the time to answer questions by days and the required human resources by an order of magnitude over conventional approaches and was identified to be a critical capability for NASA's future. This paper describes the genesis of the Orion Digital Twin pilot project, efforts undertaken, a reproducible methodology to take available system information from a mature program to create an executable SysML model that supports a link to the physical asset, and associated lessons learned and project deliverables.
Value‐driven Systems Engineering Approach addressing Manufacturing, Supply‐chain and Aircraft Design in the Decision‐Making Process
Authors: Donelli Giuseppa , Mello João M.G.D. , Odaguil Felipe I.K. , van der Laan Ton , Lefebvre Thierry , Bartoli Nathalie , Boggero Luca , Björn Nagel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the last decades, some studies have highlighted that the integration of the product design and supply chain management leads to an increase of the profitability and efficiency of companies. However, considering manufacturing, supply chain and overall aircraft design variables in the early design phase increases the size of the solutions tradespace and thus the complexity in performing the decision‐making process. This paper, follow‐up of previous research activities addressed within the European project AGILE4.0, demonstrates how to leverage the value‐model theory to simplify the decision‐process when multiple criteria are accounted in the design phase.
Validation of Digital System Models: A Framework and SysML Profile for Model‐Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Winton James R. , Colombi John M. , Jacques David R. , Johnson Kip E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital Engineering (DE) and Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) are transforming existing acquisition processes. Little extant research exists regarding validation of digital system models. In the traditional “design‐build‐test” method, stakeholder requirements validation occurs near the end of development. However, DE is described as a “model‐analyze‐build” approach where validation is required earlier in the lifecycle to refine and add digital elements to the authoritative source of truth. This paper describes a framework for model‐based design reviews (MBDR) and extends previous work by Hecht and Chen. Validation use case development is emphasized to capture both the intent, the “why,” and the evidence, the “what,” required to enter or exit a preliminary design review (PDR). Model requirements are derived from model use cases, and validation test cases enable automated and manual assessment of quality, completeness, and consistency. The framework is successfully prototyped on a small unmanned airborne system (sUAS) model created for a graduate course PDR. There appears to be wide interest across the U.S. Air Force for a similar framework.
Variability on System Architecture using Airbus MBPLE for MOFLT Framework
Authors: Madeira Raphael Henrique , de Sousa Pinto Davi Henrique , Forlingieri Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractModel‐Based Product Line Engineering (MBPLE) and Variability Management are key enablers of Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). A MBSE Architecture Framework based on the SysML language has been developed at Airbus Group Level: R‐MOFLT ‐ Requirements, Mission, Operational, Functional, Logical, Technical Analysis. MBPLE4MOFLT is a feature‐based product line engineering framework based on the ISO 26580 (2021) standard, extending R‐MOFLT. This paper defines the methodological foundations of the Airbus MBPLE4MOFLT framework and provides insights into its application in practice.
Balancing Digital Forensic Investigation with Cybersecurity for Heavy Vehicle Traffic Crashes
Authors: Rayno Mars , Daily Jeremy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAfter a traffic crash event, traffic crash investigators collect evidence and data to assist in reconstructing the events to determine crash causation. Some of the data collected in a crash investigation is in the form of digital data from event data recorders built into the electronic control units in the vehicles. Occasionally, traffic crashes are severe enough to destroy the typical network‐based communications protocols to extract the digital forensic data. In these cases, more invasive techniques of gathering forensic data through in‐circuit programming ports or direct reading of data bearing memory chips is needed. While a digital forensic investigation satisfies a virtuous need for society in determining the truth of a traffic crash, the same techniques can be applied by nefarious actors interested in stealing intellectual property (IP) from the same data bearing chips. The exposure of the executable binary containing the IP of the manufacturer has prompted auto makers and suppliers to eliminate access to these sources of digital forensic data by disabling the Joint Task Action Group (JTAG) instrumentation and obfuscating or encrypting the binary data. Herein lies the purpose of this paper, which is to take a systems engineering approach to balance the needs and requirements for a manufacturer to provide sufficient forensic artifacts in the case of an investigation while improving their cybersecurity posture and limiting their exposure to the theft of intellectual property or cyberat‐tack.An activity diagram is presented to show a system model for responding to and investigating a crash event. These activities inform the needs of an improved event data recorder technologies that contain information necessary to reconstruct the crash. Some proposed top level system requirements are presented with a discussion of how they satisfy the needs of the manufacturer and the crash investigator. Specific requirements of recorded data give a notion of a minimal set of recorded data to help investigators. These requirements will improve both the availability and adequacy of forensic data needed for crash event reconstruction. In addition, a separate requirement governing the preservation of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) proprietary software is made, such that their intellectual property is protected to encourage the requirement compliance. Finally, a discussion of how the proposed requirements help determine if a crash event was a result of a cyber‐attack demonstrates the important nature of addressing these needs in future systems.