bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Substance Use Disorders and, Their Association with Road Traffic Accident among Drivers of Public Transportation In Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Debebe Wondwosen , Berhanu Hiwot , Reta Wondu , Bariso Moyeta , Mulat Elias , Kenenisa Chala , Sadik Mohammed Ibrahim , Alenko Arefayne , Tolesa Kumale , Girma Betemariam , Tareke Amare Abera 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Around 4500 Ethiopians die every year due to Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs). Various factors contributed for high prevalence as well as fatality of RTAs in Ethiopia including the road safety, the vehicles condition, the driver’s condition, the legislation and its implementation. Driver related factors collectively including visual impairment and substance use contribute for 82% RTAs. Although there are various measures to intervene RTAs, the magnitude of visual impairment and substance use disorders among drivers of public transportation in Jimma Zone are not known objectively.Objective: The main aim of the present study was to assess magnitude of visual impairment and substance use disorders and, their association with road traffic accident among drivers of public transportation in Jimma Zone.Methodology:Cross sectional study design was employed among 398 licensed drivers. Drivers were approached while waiting their turn using systematic random sampling technique. Interviewer-administered questionnaire and measurement of visual functions were used for data collection. Data were entered toEpi-data 4.4.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) version 25 for statistical analysis. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used.Results:In the present study prevalence of self-reported road traffic accident (RTA) for the last one year was 35.7% (95% CI=31.02% to 40.38%). Among drivers, sixteen (4%) and 28 (7%) of them had color vision abnormality and subnormal depth perception respectively.Conclusion and Recommendation: In conclusion, the present study revealed that there were statistically significant association between RTA and, severe khat use disorder, moderate alcohol use disorder, stereopsis abnormality, work schedule, color vision and marital status of drivers. There were also statistically significant association between age of drivers and occurrence of road traffic accident.We suggest eye examination in drivers whose age is greater than fifty years. We recommend transport authority officials to use efforts to tackle the use of substances among drivers and night driving.
Levels, trends and predictors of unintended pregnancy among adolescents and young women aged 15-14 in India: An analysis from NFHS-4 and 5 Survey
Authors: Sharma Himani , Singh Shrikant 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Unintended pregnancy is an important reproductive health issue among women. Little is known about the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its associated factors among Indian adolescents and young women in India. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancy, its association with sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics and identify the important determinants among female adolescents and young women aged 15–24 in India from NFHS-4 to 5.
Methods
Data from the fourth and fifth rounds of the National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015-16 and 2019–2021 are used for the analysis. Ever-married adolescents and young women of age 15–24 who have given at least one birth in the last 5 years were taken into the analysis with a finalized sample of 62,079 women in NFHS-4 and 53,635 women in NFHS-5. Univariate and bivariate analysis was used to examine the association of unintended pregnancy with the explanatory variables. Further, a binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the predictors of unintended pregnancy among adolescents and young women aged 15–24 from NFHS-4 to 5.
Results
The results revealed that at least seven per cent of the pregnancies during both surveys (NFHS-4 & 5) were unintended in India. The trend shows a slight increase (7.29–7.52%) in unintended pregnancy among adolescents and young women aged 15–24 from NFHS-4 to NFHS-5. Covariates like age, religion, education, region, birth in last five years, the ideal number of children, knowledge of the ovulatory cycle, heard about family planning, interaction with family planning worker, age at birth and unmet need put forth a strong influence upon unintended pregnancy in India. In contrast, factors like wealth index, media exposure, body mass index and caste were not significant predictors of unintended pregnancy in India.
Conclusions
The present study discloses that unintended pregnancy among adolescents and young women is a significant obstacle to achieving commendable reproductive health in India. The study reports important findings which can be beneficial for the policymakers and health care providers to formulate target-based programmes to reduce unintended pregnancy among the young population in India.
Application of bayesian networks in web services: a scoping review
Authors: Guinhouya Kouami A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Context. Web services (WSs) are the preferred approach in realizing the service-oriented computing paradigm. However, this comes with challenges like complexity and uncertainty. Bayesian networks (BNs) are one of the techniques used to deal with these challenges.
Objective. This study aims to determine and describe what is known about the use of BNs in WSs research.
Methods. Using the scoping review method, we selected 69 (among the 532 identified) articles published on the subject (2001-2021). These articles were classified by research themes (What), research objectives (Why), and the types of bayesian network used (How).
Results. The research themes explored are, in order of importance, Service composition, Service management, and Service engineering. In terms of research objectives, the articles mainly focused on Prediction, Description, and Prescription. Finally, the types of BNs used are Basic, Combined, and Extended BNs.
Conclusion. This review offers a first structured picture of the use of BNs in WSs. Its results can help researchers and practitioners interested in the subject.
Effects of anterior approach to quadratus lumborum block on postoperative cognitive function following hip surgery in elderly patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zhu Manhua , Mei Yuliu , Zhou Ruifen , Wang Lingzhi , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Peripheral nerve block, including the quadratus lumborum block (QLB), has been used for postoperative analgesia in hip surgery. However, the effects of QLB on cognitive function after hip surgery remain unknown. This study aimed to assess the effects of the anterior approach to QLB on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery.
Methods: Sixty elderly patients who underwent hip surgery from May 2021 to May 2022 were randomly divided into the QLB (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was measured one day preoperatively and seven and 30 days postoperatively. The incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) was examined seven and 30 days postoperatively. The visual analog scale (VAS) scores at rest and Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS) scores 6 h (t1), 12 h (t2), 24 h (t3), and 48 h (t4) after surgery were assessed. The plasma high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated 1 h preoperatively (baseline) and 24 h postoperatively (day 1). The requirement for rescue analgesia, time to first off-bed activity, and adverse effects after surgery were also recorded.
Results: Compared with the control group, the incidence of POCD was significantly lower in the QLB group seven days postoperatively (10.7% vs. 34.5%, P = 0.033), but no difference at 30 days postoperatively (3.6% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.317). There was no significant difference in MoCA scores between the two groups at one day preoperatively and 30 days postoperatively. However, the MoCA scores at seven days postoperatively were higher in the QLB group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In the QLB group, the VAS scores at t1, t2, and t3 were lower, and the BCS scores at t1, t2, and t3 were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The patients in the QLB group reported significantly fewer requirements for rescue analgesia (P < 0.05). The plasma levels of HMGB1 and IL-6 at 24 h postoperatively in the QLB group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The time to first off-bed activity was shorter in the QLB group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups.
Conclusions: Anterior QLB given to elderly patients undergoing hip surgery could promote early postoperative cognitive function recovery, provide adequate postoperative analgesia, and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors.
Trial registration: Chictr.org.cn identifier ChiCTR2000040724 (Date of registry: 08/12/2020, prospectively registered).
Postgraduate OB-GYN Training Programme Evaluation in Lao PDR Using the CIPP Model
Authors: CHANTHALANGSY Panima , Yeh Byung-il , Choi Sung Jin , Park Yon Chul 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: The obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN) residency training programme in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) began in 2003 based on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and ‘Reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health interventions (RMNCH) strategies and action plan’. However, a proper evaluation of the training programme was not conducted previously. This study aims to evaluate the postgraduate OB-GYN residency training programme in Lao PDR and identify the current problems and suggest a future plan.
Method: The context, input, process and product classification was used to develop criteria and indicators. A mixed research method was adopted for this study. To capture instructional material for quantitative analysis, a Google survey with 38 items and a t-test was used to determine a significant difference in responses between residents and lecturers(N = 120). Based on qualitative analysis, in depth interview was done (four questions based on study outcomes, including satisfaction, strengths and weaknesses and future opportunities) with six interviews provided different viewpoints on the course. The SPSS software program was used to measure validity and p-values = 0.05.
Results: The overall average response rate was 97.5%. Two significant differences in the programme perspectives were revealed between lecturers and residents, difficulties in maintaining the course (professors 3.66 ± 1.03 and residents 3.27 ± 0.98, p = 0.04) and learning outcomes achieved (professors 3.57 ± 0.85 and residents 3.14 ± 0.95, p = 0.01).
overall average under 3.00 on the questionnaire of the context part included the overlapped learning outcome and the difficulties in maintaining the course. The input part, lack of the classroom, skills lab and staff; the process part, lecturer to collect student opinions and the product part on learning outcomes.
Conclusion: Curriculum improvement based on the programme evaluation results, i.e. regular evaluation and feedback, will advance the residency training programme based on the RMNCH strategy and will contribute to the promotion of maternal health in the Lao PDR.
CTLA4 protects against maladaptive cytotoxicity during differentiation of effector and follicular CD4+ T cells
Authors: Cook Matthew , Hao Yuwei , Miraghazadeh Bahar , Chand Rochna , Davies Ainsley , Cardinez Chelisa , Kwong Kristy , Downes Morgan , Sweet Rebecca , Cañete Pablo , D’Orsogna Lloyd , Fulcher David , Choo Sharon , Yip Desmond , Peters Geoffrey , Yip Sonia , Witney Matthew , Nekrasov Maxim , Feng Zhi-Ping , Tscharke David , Vinuesa Carola 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
As chronic antigenic stimulation from infection and autoimmunity are features of primary antibody deficiency (PAD), analysis of affected patients could yield insights into T cell differentiation, and explain how environmental exposures modify clinical phenotypes conferred by single gene defects. CD57 marks dysfunctional T cells that have differentiated after antigenic stimulation. Indeed, while CD57+ CD4+ T cells are normally rare in the circulation, we found that they are increased in patients with PAD, and markedly by CTLA4 haploinsufficiency or blockade. We performed single-cell RNA-seq analysis of matched CD57+ CD4+ T cells from blood and tonsil. Circulating CD57+ CD4+ T cells (CD4cyt) exhibit a cytotoxic transcriptome similar to CD8+ effectors, can kill B cells, and inhibit B cell responses. CTLA4 restrains the formation of CD4cyt. While CD57 also marks an abundant subset of follicular helper T cells, which is consistent with their antigen-driven differentiation, this subset has a precursor of exhaustion transcriptomic signature marked by TCF7, TOX, ID3, and constitutive expression of CTLA4, and are robust to becoming cytotoxic even after CTLA4 inhibition. Thus, CD57+ CD4+ T cell phenotypes of cytotoxicity and exhaustion are compartmentalized between blood and germinal centres. CTLA4 is a key modifier of CD4+ T cell cytotoxicity, and the pathological CD4cyt phenotype is accentuated in CTLA4 deficiency by the environmental stimulus of infection.
Perspectives of adults living with HIV attending the opportunistic infections clinic at Chitungwiza Central Hospital in Zimbabwe towards Physical activity: -A Cross- sectional study
Authors: Kaseke Farayi , Pamire Precious R , Mlambo Tecla , Nhunzvi Clement 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Regular physical activity and exercise have been shown to be of benefit in managing the HIV disease, its complications and the side effects of HAART. The perceptions of those living with HIV toward physical activity and exercises is a key factor in advocating for participation of rehabilitation personnel in the management of this disease. However, this domain remains underexplored in Zimbabwe
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted with 327 people living with HIV. participants. Participants were consecutively sampled from Chitungwiza Central Hospital Opportunistic Clinic. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS) were respectively used to measure the physical activity level and perceived benefits/barriers of physical exercise among adults living with HIV. The tools were self-administered. The analyses were done for 323 participants using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.
Results
The mean age was 41.1 ± 11.0. Females constituted n = 225; (69.7%) of the sample. The majority of participants (n = 184; 57%) described themselves as being highly physically active (3204(IQR = 2139–4441 MET-minutes/week). Most of the participants agreed that physical activity prevented heart attacks with a mean value of 3.34 ± 0.65. The majority perceived psychological outlook as the greatest benefit from physical activity among the benefit sub-scales. Furthermore, most of the participants agreed that it cost too much for them to exercise which had a mean of 3.00 ± 0.88. Family discouragement was the most agreed perceived barrier to physical activity with a mean of 2.91 ± 0.67. Those who perceived physical activity as being beneficial reported less barriers. A statistically significant association was found between level of physical activity and CD4 (p = 0.035) cell count as well as with employment status (p = 0.000). No statistically significant association was reported between the perceived benefits and the level of physical activity (p = 0.214). A statistically significant association was reported between the perceived barriers and age (p = 0.000) as well as with employment status (p = 0.006).
Conclusion
Adults living with HIV receiving HAART at Chitungwiza Central Hospital are highly active when compared to other studies done in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also important to create interventions that promote physical activity considering what this population considers as perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity.
Clustering of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Diet Associated With Social Isolation Among Brazilian Adolescents
Authors: MATIAS THIAGO SOUSA , Alves Julianne Fic , Nienov Gislaine Terezinha Amaral , Lopes Marcus Vinicius Veber , Vasconcellos Diego Itibere Cunha 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Backgound: Although obesogenic behaviors have been found to be related to social isolation, evidence-based person-centered approaches are lacking. This study investigated the association between clusters of obesogenic behavior – derived from a data-driven process – and social isolation among Brazilian adolescents.
Methods: Data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE) 2015 Cohort were analyzed. A total of 100,794 9th-grade students (51.3% females; 14.3 ± 0.1 years old) enrolled in 3,040 public and private high schools participated in the study. Social isolation was assessed by two outcomes (i.e., perceived loneliness and lack of close friends). A two-step cluster analysis was conducted to identify patterns of obesogenic behaviors with the input of leisure-time physical activity (PA), sitting time as a proxy of sedentary behavior (SB), and the weekly consumption of healthy and unhealthy food. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the associations between the clusters of obesogenic behaviors and social isolation variables in adolescents. Results: Three clusters were identified. Adolescents in the “Health-promoting SB and diet” (32.6%; OR = 0.69; 95% CI=0.62-0.76) and “Health-promoting PA and diet” (44.9%; OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.67-0.79) clusters had lower odds of loneliness compared to those in the “Health-risk” cluster (22.5%). Those belonging to the “Health-promoting PA and diet” cluster were more likely to report having close friends (OR=1.19; 95% CI = 1.00-1.41) than those in the “Health-risk” cluster.
Conclusion: Adolescents in clusters where positive behaviors outweighed negative ones were less likely to perceive themselves as lonely and without close connections.
The balance between lung regulatory T cells and Th17 cells is a risk indicator for the acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease after surgery: a case control study
Authors: Fukui Mariko , Harada Norihiro , Takamochi Kazuya , Hayashi Takuo , Matsunaga Takeshi , Hattori Aritoshi , Kawagoe Izumi , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Acute exacerbation (AE) of interstitial lung disease (ILD) (AE-ILD) is a life-threatening condition and the leading cause of 30-day mortality among patients who underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer in Japan. This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of the immune environment of lung tissue before the onset of AE-ILD.
Methods: This retrospective matched case-control study comparing the immune phenotype of helper T cells in the lung from patients with and without AE-ILD after surgery was conducted in 135 patients who underwent surgical resection for lung cancer and were pathologically diagnosed with ILD at our institute between 2009 and 2018. Thirteen cases of AE-ILD and 122 cases without AE (non-AE) were matched using a propensity score analysis, and 12 cases in each group were compared. We evaluated the percentage of T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T cells (Treg), and CD8 cells in CD3+ T cells and the Th1:Th2, Th17: Treg, and CD8: Treg ratios in AE patients by immunostaining of lung tissue in the non-tumor area.
Results: We found a significant difference in the lung Th17: Treg ratio between the AE and non-AE groups (1.47 and 0.79, p = 0.041). However, we detected no significant differences in the percentages of lung Th1 (21.3% and 29.0%), Th2 (34.2% and 42.7%), Th17 (22.3% and 21.6%), Treg (19.6% and 29.1%), and CD8+ T cells (47.2% and 42.2%) of CD3+ T cells between the AE and non-AE groups.
Conclusion: The ratios of Th17: Treg cells in the lung from the AE group were higher than those in the non-AE group.
Clinical Trial Registration: This study was approved by the ethics committee of our institute (2016095).
Developing a Training Program Based on the CIPP Model for Junior Caregivers in Nursing Homes: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Wang Lingling , Chen Mengxia , Dou Yinxia , Wang Gaoxia , Zhang Lingjuan , Qiao Mengting 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: To alleviate the burden of aging, China has built many nursing homes and hired many people with no prior caregiving experience. However, there is little professional training program for junior caregivers, and standard programs are required to train those new to improve the quality of care. This study aims to develop and implement a training program for junior elderly caregivers based on the Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop a standardized training program based on the CIPP model for junior elderly caregivers in nursing homes.
Methods:
A literature review, interviews with 208 junior elderly caregivers in 6 nursing homes, and semi-structured interviews with 8 clinical experts were conducted to develop an initial training framework. Then, the two-round Delphi method was employed to get a consensus on the framework through an online questionnaire.
Results:
A two-round Delphi expert consultation was done, and a consensus on four domains and 14 secondary items, and 66 tertiary training items of the professional framework were achieved. The framework domains included training objectives (3 secondary items and 20 tertiary items), training management (5 secondary items and 13 tertiary items), training content(3 secondary items and 27 tertiary items) and training evaluation(3 secondary items and 6 tertiary items).
Conclusion:
This CIPP-based training program offers guidelines for junior caregivers in nursing homes. Future research should focus on the length of the program and its long-term effects to prepare qualified junior elderly caregivers.