bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Gender and Anthropometric Measurement with Pulmonary Function Tests Among Undergraduate Medical Students
Authors: Jahan Iffat , Begum Momtaz , Sumi Sharmin Akter , Jahan Nusrat , Islam Md Zakirul , Haque Mainul 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of gender and anthropometric measurement on pulmonary functions (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1st s [FEV1] and peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR]) of undergraduate medical students to emphasise the need for further research on the aetiology and the prevention of respiratory diseases.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chattogram, Bangladesh, from July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 100 participants, aged between 18 and 20 years, studying in the 1st year in CMC, were included by a random sampling method. The participants filled out a questionnaire with general information about previous diseases, medication and family history. Fifty male participants were enrolled in the study group according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Age and body mass index matched another 50 female participants were included. Respiratory parameters such as FVC, FEV1 and PEFR were measured by a digital spirometer (Chestgraph HI-101, Japan). Readings were taken in normal upright sitting posture. The statistical tests utilised were unpaired Student's t-test and the correlation coefficient conducted using SPSS for windows version 23.

Results:
Female participants showed significantly lower FVC, FEV1 and PEFR than males. This study observed a significant positive correlation between height and weight and FVC, FEV1 and PEFR.

Conclusion:
The results of this study help assess pulmonary functions among medical students as pulmonary function tests are one of the indicators of the health status of the individuals.
To study the effectiveness of umbilical cord blood transfusion in neonates at tertiary health care centre
Authors: Mirza Shoaib Beg , Dwivedi Deepak , Yadav Shabd Singh , Bajaj Naresh 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Blood transfusions (BTs) are often required by neonates for different indications. There is usually a deficiency of available blood because of the non-availability of donors, lack of awareness, irrational demand, poor supply chain management system, etc., especially in developing countries. This study was done to determine the usefulness of umbilical cord blood (UCB) as an alternative to adult blood (AB) in neonates and to compare the change in haematological parameters after transfusion and compare outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
It was a prospective interventional study of UCB transfusions given to neonates requiring blood. UCB was collected in the labour room, under all aseptic precautions, and pretesting was done in the blood bank. Neonates fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. UCB and AB were given as per availability and consent. Post blood analysis was done after 6 h of transfusion watched for reactions. Outcomes such as death, discharge and duration of hospital stay were analysed.

Results:
A total of 91 BTs were performed, out of which 34 received UCB and 57 with AB. The mean rise of haemoglobin in UCB transfused patients was 2.01 g/dl.

Conclusions:
In neonates requiring BT, whole UCB is a good and safe alternative to whole AB.
Difficulties Encountered During Fixation of Trochanteric Fractures with Proximal Femoral Nailing
Authors: Thakur Lokesh , Dua Sunny , Raina Sunil Kumar , Awasthi Bhanu 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Proximal femoral nailing (PFN) compares favourably with dynamic hip screw in terms of surgical time, intra-operative blood loss and lag screw cut out in unstable inter-trochanteric fracture. However, data on difficulties faced during the fixation process are lacking. Therefore, the study was planned with the aim to identify difficulties encountered during fixation of trochanteric fractures with PFN in the patients.

Materials and Methods:
Two hundred patients with trochanteric fractures aimed for the operative procedure with PFN were included in the study. Patients with associated fracture of neck of femur, the shaft of the femur of the same side, with polytrauma, with multiple fractures, with pathological fractures and/or unwilling to participate in the study were excluded. Bone mineral density was evaluated using Singh's index. Fixation of trochanteric fractures was done using PFN.

Results:
More than 70% of the study participants were elderly, 53% of the participants were males, while 91% of the total participants belonged to a rural region. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity in 21% of the patients, followed by anaemia (14.5%) and diabetes (9%). 73% of the patients had grade 3 Singh's index. 53.5% of the patients had intra-trochanteric left femur while the remaining 46.5% of the patients had intra-trochanteric right femur. The reduction was the most common difficulty (26%) followed by entry point difficulty (21%) and guidewire passage (12.5%). No difficulty was observed in 29% of the patients.

Conclusion:
Achievement of good reduction between two main fragments without varus malalignment and placement of hip screw in a correct position are two important technical aspects that prevent most of the complications associated with these procedures.
Trends and Seasonal Variations in Human Secondary Sex Ratio in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Fakorede Samson Taiwo , Ojo Stephen Damilola , Shonde Kikelomo Mercy , Adekoya Khalid Olajide , Ogunkanmi Liasu Adebayo , Oboh Bola 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Secondary sex ratio is the number of live male births per 100 female births. In humans, the primary sex ratio, which is the sex ratio at conception, is expected to be 1:1 in natural populations based on the law of independent assortment of the X and Y chromosomes. This is not the case with the sex ratio at birth as it is largely affected by various social and cultural practices that it tends to bias towards one sex, with profound implications for population and demographic dynamics.

Materials and Methods:
We collected retrospective data of records of live births from three Southwestern Nigerian states, covering 10 years. The data were obtained from different Hospitals/Birth Centres from three states, i.e., Lagos, Ondo and Osun, between 2006 and 2017. Data analysis was performed to determine the monthly, quarterly, yearly and seasonal variation in sex ratios. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the significance of differences in sex ratios at P < 0.05.

Results:
Annual average sex ratios of 99.7, 105.6 and 106.0 were obtained for Lagos, Osun and Ondo, respectively, while the pooled data had a sex ratio of 104.2, indicating male preponderance. Sex ratios differ significantly according to season. Differences in sex ratio were significant during the dry season in Lagos and Osun states and in Ondo during the rainy season.

Conclusions:
Sex ratios from Southwest Nigeria are as diverse as other populations, with ratios ranging between 99.7 and 106.0.
Determinants and Bacteria Associated with Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Among Women Attending Antenatal Care Service at Muhoza Health Centre, Rwanda
Authors: Yadufashije Callixte , Ishimwe Agnes , Mucumbitsi Joseph , Muhimpundu Liliane , Twagirumukiza Gratien , Ndayambaje Martin , Migabo Hiberte , Mwanzia Lydia 
Published: December 2022

Introduction:
Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a global health concern during pregnancy. It accounts for 2%–15% of pregnant women globally. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ASB, the leading cause of ASB during pregnancy, and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria associated with ASB.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted from September to December 2021 at Muhoza Health Centre. About 142 pregnant women without symptoms of urinary tract infections were recruited. The urine sample collected was put in a sterile Stuart plastic container and transported to INES Ruhengeri clinical microbiology for bacterial identification. The structured interview was conducted to assess factors associated with ASB among women. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the relationship between demographic characteristics and ASB, while a Chi-square test (x
2) was performed to test for association with ASB and other determinants considered in this study.

Results:
About 70.40% of participants had ASB. Pregnant women in the second trimester (28.16%) and first trimester (25.35%) were the most affected, while women aged 24–29 (28.16%) were the most affected. Escherichia coli (27.6%) and Klebsiella pneumonia (23.8%) were the predominant isolated bacteria in the urine and was observed to be the most coloniser of the urinary tract throughout all the pregnancy trimesters. Among demographic characteristics, urban residence (P = 0.005, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.717–4.160), primary education (P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 15.390–19.310), ordinary education (P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 16.550–20.455) and advanced level education (P < 0.00001, 95% CI = 17.194–20.650) were statistically significant to contribute to ASB. Hygiene (x
2 = 6.81, P = 0.009) was significantly associated with ASB. K. pneumonia and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were the most resistant bacteria to selected antibiotics.

Conclusion:
ASB may be an epidemic in pregnancy. Early diagnosis of ASB is recommended in early pregnancy to prevent pregnancy-associated complications.
Nonabsorbable Transosseous Sutures for Lower Pole Patella Fractures
Authors: Jaiswal Sanjeev , Wankhade Ujjwal , Kharat Sagar , Gudhe Mahendra , Tarekar Sumit , Bhakare Akash 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Treatment alternatives for patella fractures with the inferior pole are still being deliberated. In addition to tension-band wiring, metal implant-related complications are also not uncommon to occur in patellar fracture treatment. It is common to encounter implant-related complications such as implants failing, palpable hardware which require supplementary techniques to resolve. We evaluated participants with inferior poles of patella fracture treated with transosseous nonabsorbable sutures on functional outcomes.

Methodology:
This study encompasses observation of patients having transosseous suture fixation by no. 5 Ethibond for fixation of distal pole patella fractures. This was a longitudinal study piloted at a tertiary care center between January 2020 and June 2022. Patients' functional outcomes were assessed using the Bostman score.

Results:
The Bostman scoring system was used to evaluate the outcome at the final follow-up. In 19 patients, 7 (36.84%) patients showed outstanding and 11 (57.89%) patients showed good outcomes at the termination of 9 months follow-up. Only one patient established an unsatisfactory result.

Conclusion:
Distal pole patella fractures can be effectively fixed via transosseous suturing with unabsorbable sutures. Fast recovery and minimal implant-related complications are possible with this procedure. The resurgery rate is also significantly reduced.
Morphometric and biomechanical analysis of gracilis and semitendinosus tendons
Authors: Vineel Pulimi , Subramanian Ramesh Kumar , Muthu Kumar T 
Published: December 2022

Background:
Semitendinosus and gracilis muscle tendons are among the most frequently used grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery. Gracilis is also frequently used in breast reconstruction as well as in upper and lower limb reconstruction as a free graft.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 60 human cadaver lower limbs were studied of 30 adults (12 men and 18 women) who have been embalmed at a tertiary care institution. Those cadavers whose lower limb had undergone surgery in the past and those with concomitant pathology that would have affected the local anatomy were excluded. Gracilis and semitendinosus tendons were taken out of embalmed remains after the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues had been carefully dissected.

Results:
It was observed that the maximum load of all the semitendinosus tendons studied had a mean value of 768.2 ± 130.4 N. The semitendinosus tendon’s maximal load in males ranged from 698.4 to 1133.9 N. However in females, the semitendinosus tendon’s maximal load ranged from 589.5 to 780.0 N.

Conclusion:
The topographical and morphometric data from this study can be utilized as a database of anthropological parameters for the Semitendinosus and Gracilis muscle tendons of a population in a south Indian setting,
Kepemimpinan Kristen Dalam Konteks Penggembalaan Gereja di Indonesia
Authors: Purwanti Eni , Missa Antonius , Tandi Yusuf 
Published: December 2022

Pada dasarnya, dalam setiap kelompok masyarakat, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, dalam skala besar maupun kecil, memerlukan pemimpin. Biasanya pemimpin yang muncul di tengah-tengah kelompok masyarakat tersebut adalah orang-orang yang memiliki pengaruh, kemampuan untuk mempimpin orang lain ke arah dan tujuan yang jelas. Susunan atau komposisi sebuah kepemimpinan, baik yang bersifat sekuler maupun rohani, memiliki kesamaan. Maksudnya sebagai suatu lembaga yang terdiri dari beberapa orang, dalam penempatan kedudukan berurut mulai dari yang paling tinggi (bergantung konteks lembaga), sampai kepada kedudukan yang paling bawah. Merekalah yang mengelola suatu lembaga kepemimpinan. Kepemimpinan Yesus adalah kepemimpian yang melayani bukan memerintah dan menjalankan dengan tangan besi; sehingga Yesus menerapkan gaya kepemimpinan yang dewasa ini menjadi tuntutan masyarakat kepada pemerintah yaitu gaya kepemimpinan bottom-up. Menyongsong abad baru, yang sering dikenal dengan istilah “milenium ketiga”, dunia dalam segala bidang (politik, sosial budaya, ekonomi, bahkan agama) mencoba menemukan formula baru dalam kepemimpin-an yang bersifat kontekstual dan efektif, sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman. Diakui bahwa tidak ada satupun dari gaya kepemimpinan yang dapat menjamin tatanan kehidupan satu kelompok, sebab pada dasarnya setiap kelompok memiliki ciri tersendiri. Terlebih bangsa Indonesia yang sifatnya heterogen baik dalam suku, agama, budaya dan adat.
Roh Kudus dan Gereja: Suatu Pendekatan Biblis dan Implikasinya bagi Pertumbuhan Gereja di Indonesia
Authors: Pangumbahas Recky , Gunawan Chandra , Repi Robby 
Published: December 2022

Gereja hadir di bumi adalah cerminan kerajaan Allah yang nyata dibumi ini. Adanya gereja di bumi ini adalah karya Allah sendiri, seperti Allah menciptakan bumi ini dan dengan segala yang ada didalamnya, sama juga seperti Allah menjadikan manusia. Gereja adalah kumpulan orang-orang yang percaya kepada Yesus Kristus yang telah disucikan dari segala dosa-dosanya oleh darahNya sendiri. Gereja adalah orang-orang percaya yang telah dipisahkan dari kehidupan yang gelap kepada hidup dalam terang Allah. Gereja adalah kumpulan orang-orang percaya yang telah mengalami kasih Allah secara pribadi. Dan orang-orang percaya ini menjadi umat kesayangan Allah sendiri. Di dalam gereja inilah Allah menyatakan KasihNya dan orang-orang yang percaya didalamNya saling mengamalkan Kasih persaudaraannya yang dapat mempererat dalam persekutuannya sebagai umat kesayanganNya. Gereja bukanlah suatu bangunan secara pkisik, tetapi kumpulan orang-orang percaya yang didalamnya mereka beribadah kepada Allah. Dan Allah berkarya dengan Roh kudusNya didalam gereja untuk membawa orang bertobat dari cara hidup yang gelap kepada terang Allah untuk mengalami Kasih Kristus. Orang-orang percaya kepada Yesus Kristus yang menjadi murid-murid kristus , mereka pun tidak tinggal diam dan terus memberitakan injil Yesus Kristus sebagai kabar baik kepada segala bangsa , karena ini pun perintah Yesus Kristus sebagai Amanat Agung terhadap GerejaNya. Maka sampai sekarang Amanat Agung Yesus Kristus terus dilakukan oleh GerejaNya untuk menjadikan segala bangsa murid-murid Yesus Kristus. Itulah sebabnya Gereja terus bertumbuh dan berkembang meskipun ada hambatan dan rintangan , meskipun ada aniaya dan ada yang mati sahid terhadap orang-orang percaya. Hal ini tidak dapat menghambatnya sampai Yesus Kristus datang kembali kedunia pada kedua kalinya untuk mengangkat GerejaNya
Menilik Sejarah Perkembangan Agama-Agama Di Indonesia
Authors: Sirait Rajiman Andrianus , Malau Maya 
Published: December 2022

Today, whether realized or not religious has entered a period of crisis. The true religion of being a peacemaker turned out to be the opposite. How to cultivate and develop harmony of life and bring up the values of various religions is not as easy as imagined. Thus this article is written by the method used is qualitative literature study. With the aim to see what the history of this religion really developed to be able to open the eyes of man in trying to research, understand and ultimately be able to draw the common thread of each teaching to create harmony especially in Indonesia.

Dewasa ini, entah disadari atau tidak agama sudah memasuki suatu periode krisis. Agama yang sejatinya harus menjadi pembawa damai malah berubah menjadi sebaliknya. Bagaimana menumbuhkan dan mengembangkan kerukunan hidup serta memunculkan nilai-nilai dari berbagai agama memang tidak semudah yang dibayangkan. Maka artikel ini ditulis dengan metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur kualitatif. Dengan memiliki tujuan untuk melihat sejatinya seperti apa sejarah agama ini berkembang untuk dapat membuka mata manusia dalam mencoba untuk meneliti, memahami dan pada akhirnya dapat menarik benang merah dari setiap ajaran untuk menciptakan kerukunan terutama di Indonesia.
Los nuevos paradigmas de la Inteligencia artificial aplicados a la educación
Authors: Flores Figueroa Julian , Romero Ochoa Miguel , Espinoza Zallas Francisco Alan , Aragon Guajardo Jesus 
Published: December 2022

La inteligencia artificial es uno de los temas más polémicos actualmente, en una sociedad donde se depende alta mente de la tecnología, y con la implementación de la inteligencia artificial, los sistemas informáticos se encuentran aprendiendo del comportamiento humano, entrando en un debate social. A medida que la IA se vuelve cada vez más presente en la educación, es importante considerar tanto sus posibles beneficios como sus posibles desafíos y riesgos. Por un lado, la IA puede mejorar la efectividad del aprendizaje y hacer que sea más atractivo y motivador para los estudiantes. Por otro lado, es importante tener en cuenta que la IA no puede reemplazar completamente el papel de los profesores y que es necesario un equilibrio adecuado entre la utilización de la tecnología y el enfoque humano en la educación. Además, es importante abordar problemas como la brecha digital y la desigualdad en el acceso a la tecnología de manera responsable y ética.
A pesar de estos desafíos, creo que la IA tiene el potencial de revolucionar la educación y ofrecer oportunidades sin precedentes para mejorar el aprendizaje y el rendimiento de los estudiantes. Con un enfoque responsable y ético, la IA puede ser una herramienta valiosa para fomentar el aprendizaje y el éxito a lo largo de toda la vida.
En este documento se describe las implicaciones éticas, sociales y tecnológicas que conllevan el uso y dependencia de esta tecnología. Se realiza un análisis de su uso en la educación, y una propuesta que puede servir como mecanismo de empleo de estas tecnologías.
The importance of the Soviet art school for the painting of Uzbekistan
Authors: Э.Р. Ахмедова, 
Published: December 2022

Статья посвящена первому выпуску художников Узбекистана (Рахим Ахмедов, Нигмат Кузыбаев, Тачат Оганесов, Манон Саидов, Виктор Зеликов), получивших высшее художественное образование в Ленинградском институте живописи, скульптуры и архитектуры имени И.Е. Репина в 1947–1953 годах. Их связь с русской и советской художественной традицией имела огромное историческое значение: выпускники в дальнейшем стояли у истоков создания профессиональной художественной школы в республике. Их творчество ярко отражает основные тенденции развития искусства Узбекистана 1960–1980-х годов. Произведения художников хранятся во многих музеях мира.
The article is devoted to the first graduation of the artists of Uzbekistan, who received higher art education at the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after I.E. Repin in 1947–1953. These are Rakhim Akhmedov, Nigmat Kuzybaev, Tachat Oganesov, Manon Saidov, Viktor Zelikov. Their connection with the Russian and Soviet artistic tradition was of great historical importance, since the graduates later started with the founding of a professional art school in the republic. The creative work of the studied artists vividly embodies the main trends in the development of the art of Uzbekistan in the 1960s – 1980s. Their artworks are kept in many museums around the world.
Minapada
Authors: Л. Чандра, 
Published: December 2022

Центральный образ статьи — сиддха Минапада (Минапа). Исследуется его иконография и символика. В статье упоминаются изображения, хранящиеся в Музее истории религии в Санкт-Петербурге, Национальной библиотеке в Париже, музее Тибетского дома в Нью-Дели, Этнографическом музее в Стокгольме, в собраниях Монголии. Перевод статьи Локеша Чандры из «Словаря буддийской иконографии» выполнен С.М. Белокуровой. Статья проиллюстрирована.
The article is devoted to the iconography of the siddha Minapada (Minapa). The translation of Lokesh Chandra's article from the Dictionary of Buddhist Iconography was made by S.М. Belokurova.