bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Case of Surgically Treated Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome of the Arm
Authors: Bilichtin Emilie , Choufani Camille , Derkenne Clément , Vioujard Clotilde , Pacull Romain 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper reports the first case of chronic exertional compartment syndrome in the arm treated surgically. The diagnosis was made in a patient who is under 30 years old, military, and very athletic, with recurrent exertional pain in the anterior compartment of the arms associated with rhabdomyolysis. The high-pressure measurements in the arms’ anterior compartment after exertional exercise confirmed the diagnosis. Given the patient’s functional demands, a surgical treatment of fasciotomy of the anterior compartment by miniapproach was performed and allowed the resolution of symptomatology with a return to sport at the same level after 3 months.
Incorporation of kartogenin and silk fibroin scaffolds promotes rat articular cartilage regeneration through enhancement of antioxidant functions
Authors: Pan Zejun , Hou Mingzhuang , Zhang Yijian , Liu Yang , Tian Xin , Hu Xiayu , Ge Xiaoyang , Zhao Zhijian , Liu Tao , Xu Yong , Yang Huilin , Liu Hao , Zhu Xuesong , He Fan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Treating articular cartilage defects in patients remains a challenging task due to the absence of blood vessels within the cartilage tissue. The regenerative potential is further compromised by an imbalance between anabolism and catabolism, induced by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. However, the advent of tissue engineering introduces a promising strategy for cartilage regeneration, offering viable solutions such as mechanical support and controlled release of chondrogenic molecules or cytokines. In this study, we developed an antioxidant scaffold by incorporating natural silk fibroin (SF) and kartogenin (KGN)-loaded liposomes (SF-Lipo@KGN). The scaffold demonstrated appropriate pore size, connectivity, and water absorption and the sustained release of KGN was achieved through the encapsulation of liposomes. In vitro experiments revealed that the SF-Lipo@KGN scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility, as evidenced by enhanced cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation of chondrocytes. The SF-Lipo@KGN scaffolds were found to stimulate cartilage matrix synthesis through the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 antioxidant signaling pathway. In vivo experiments demonstrated the effective promotion of articular cartilage regeneration by the SF-Lipo@KGN scaffolds, which enhanced extracellular matrix anabolism and restored the intrinsic redox homeostasis. Overall, this study successfully developed biomimetic KGN-loaded scaffolds that restore cartilage redox homeostasis, indicating promising prospects for cartilage tissue engineering.
The Impact of Unexpected Billing in Spine Surgery and How the Price Calculator Can Improve Patient Care
Authors: Meade Matthew , Issa Tariq Z. , Lee Yunsoo , Lambrechts Mark J. , Charlton Alexander , Radack Tyler , Kalra Andrew , Mangan John , Canseco Jose A. , Kurd Mark F. , Woods Barrett I. , Kaye I. David , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Kepler Christopher K. 
Published: August 2023

Study Design:
Survey study.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the impact of unexpected in-network billing on the patient experience after spinal surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
The average American household faces difficulty paying unexpected medical bills. Although legislative efforts have targeted price transparency and rising costs, elective surgical costs continue to rise significantly. Patients are therefore sometimes still responsible for unexpected medical costs, the impact of which is unknown in spine surgery.

Methods:
Patients who underwent elective spine surgery patients from January 2021 to January 2022 at a single institution were surveyed regarding their experience with the billing process. Demographic characteristics associated with unexpected billing situations, patient satisfaction, and financial distress, along with utilization and evaluation of the online price estimator, were collected.

Results:
Of 818 survey participants, 183 (22.4%) received an unexpected in-network bill, and these patients were younger (56.7 vs. 63.4 y, P<0.001). Patients who received an unexpected bill were more likely to feel uninformed about billing (41.2% vs. 21.7%, P<0.001) and to report that billing impacted surgical satisfaction (53.8% vs. 19.1%, P<0.001). However, both groups reported similar satisfaction postoperatively (Likert >3/5: 86.0% vs. 85.5%, P=0.856). Only 35 (4.3%) patients knew of the price estimator’s existence. The price estimator was reported to be very easy or easy (N=18, 78.2%) to understand and very accurate (N=6, 35.3%) or somewhat accurate (N=8, 47.1%) in predicting costs.

Conclusions:
Despite new regulations, a significant portion of patients received unexpected bills leading to financial distress and affecting their surgical experience. Although most patients were unaware of the price estimator, almost all patients who did know of it found it to be easy to use and accurate in cost prediction. Patients may benefit from targeted education efforts, including information on the price estimator to alleviate unexpected financial burden.
A New Software for the Calculation of Eye-lens Dosimetry Quantities Based on Dose-rate Coefficients
Authors: Dubeau Jacques , Sun Jiansheng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the last decade, the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended a reduction in the annual limits to the dose to the lens of the eye from 150 mSv to 20 mSv y−1, averaged over defined periods of 5 y, with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. To assist the health physics community in this task, many groups have calculated protection and operational fluence dose coefficients. This led to the publication of multiple coefficient tables that were calculated for arrays of different parameters, including particle type, angle of incidence, target phantom models, presence or absence of secondary charged particle equilibrium, etc. The coefficients available in the literature include protection dose values calculated in a realistic eye model and operational values calculated in a simplified cylindrical head phantom at a point 3 mm below the surface. This paper reports on a simple Windows™ application that was written to aid health physics professionals in accessing and using the large body of available protection and operational eye-lens data. The application is called the Eye-Lens Dose Calculator, as it also performs calculations of the eye-lens dose for radionuclides, where the complete emissions of the selected radionuclides are considered. Test cases show that there is good agreement between the calculated protection and operational dose quantities when radionuclide emission characteristics are considered.
Evaluating Ultra-widefield Imaging Utility in the Detection of Treatment-requiring Peripheral Retinal Tears and Holes
Authors: Khan Mahmood , Kovacs Kyle , Guan Ivan , Goldblatt Nathaniel , Foulsham William , Wu Alan , Papakostas Thanos , Gupta Mrinali , D’Amico Donald J. , Kiss Szilard , Orlin Anton 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To determine the utility of Ultra-widefield (UWF) imaging in detecting pathologic peripheral retinal tears and holes.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, observational study. One-hundred and ninety-eight eyes of 198 patients diagnosed with acute posterior vitreous detachment were included. Eyes were divided into two groups: 89 eyes with peripheral retinal holes and tears treated with laser retinopexy (treatment group) and 109 control eyes. Patients underwent UWF imaging and indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression. UWF images from both groups were reviewed by two blinded graders and then compared to funduscopic exam and medical records.

Results:
UWF imaging identified 60 of the 89 eyes (sensitivity of 67.4%) found to have treatment-requiring peripheral retinal lesions and 107 of the 109 control eyes (specificity of 98.2%).The distribution of misses based on octant location did reach statistical significance (p=0.004). Lesions anterior to the equator were more likely to be missed (21/41 eyes, 51.2%) compared to those located posterior to the equator (4/20 eyes, 25.0%) and at the equator (4/28, 14.3%), p=0.002. The combined discordance rate between graders in the entire cohort was 12.1% (24/198 eyes) yielding an inter-rater agreement of 87.9%.

Conclusions:
UWF imaging showed a moderate sensitivity and high specificity in detecting treatment requiring retinal tears and holes, with high inter-rater agreement. Given there is only a moderate sensitivity in identifying treatment requiring retinal tears and holes, UWF imaging can assist with clinical exam, but a 360-degree scleral depressed exam should remain the gold standard.
Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of yellow fever vaccine in people with HIV
Authors: Motta Edwiges , Camacho Luiz Antonio B. , Cunha Marcelo , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo , Lima Sheila M.B. , Costa Marcellus , Pedro Luciana , Cardoso Sandra W. , Cortes Fernanda Heloise , Giacoia-Gripp Carmem B.W. , Morata Michelle , Nazer Sandro , Moreira Ronaldo Ismério , de Oliveira Souza Marta Cristina , Mendes Ygara S. , Souza Azevedo Adriana de , dos Santos Alvez Nathalia , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Coelho Lara E. 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To evaluate immunogenicity and reactogenicity of yellow fever (YF) vaccine in people with HIV (PWH) compared to HIV-uninfected controls.

Design:
In this longitudinal interventional trial (NCT03132311), PWH with CD4+ cell count ≥200 cells/μl and controls, aged 18–59, without a previous history of YF vaccination received a single standard dose of YF vaccine (17DD) and were followed at Days 5, 30 and Year 1.

Methods:
YF-neutralization titers were measured at Days 0, 30 and Year 1 and geometric mean titers (GMT) were calculated. Adverse events (AE) and YF virus detection were measured at Days 5 and 30. Linear regression evaluated factors associated with YF-neutralization titers.

Results:
Two hundred and eighteen PWH and 82 controls were included. At baseline, all PWH were using antiretroviral therapy; 92.6% had undetectable HIV viral load (VL) and median CD4+ cell count was 630 cells/μl [interquartile range (IQR) 463–888]. YF vaccine was safe and there were no serious AEs. At Day 30, seroconversion was observed in 98.6% of PWH [95% confidence interval (CI): 95.6–99.6] and in 100% of controls (95% CI: 93.9–100); at Year 1, 94.0% of PWH (95% CI: 89.6–96.7) and 98.4% of controls (95% CI 90.3–99.9) were seropositive. PWH had lower GMTs than controls at Day 30 and Year 1. Baseline VL >1000 copies/ml, low CD4+ cell count and low CD4+/CD8+ ratio were associated with lower YF-neutralization titers.

Conclusions:
YF vaccine is safe in PWH with CD4+ cell count ≥200 cells/μl. YF vaccine immunogenicity is impaired in PWH, particularly among those with high VL, low CD4+ cell count and low CD4+/CD8+ ratio at vaccination and YF-neutralization titers decays over time.
A systematic review of qualitative research on recently acquired HIV
Authors: Nicholls Emily Jay , Policek Nicoletta , Volny-Anne Alain , Spire Bruno , Burns Fiona , Ruiz-Burga Elisa , Tariq Shema 
Published: August 2023

Objective(s):
Recently acquired HIV is a critical time when people may experience debilitating symptoms and is when they are most likely to pass HIV on. Qualitative research offers insights into lived experiences and a deeper understanding of the contextual factors underlying HIV acquisition. We aimed to synthesize qualitative literature on recently acquired HIV.

Design:
Systematic review and textual narrative synthesis.

Methods:
We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO and Sociology Database. Articles were screened, and two authors completed full text review and data extraction. Quality appraisal was conducted (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist) and certainty of findings graded (GRADE-CERQual).

Results:
We reviewed 1890 articles (1554 following de-duplication), excluding 1539. Fifteen articles were included and an additional article was included after updating the search. We identified 15 themes, three of which we have high confidence in: recent acquisition of HIV facilitates understanding of circumstances of HIV acquisition; indeterminate HIV tests generate uncertainty and anxiety; and people with recently acquired HIV are motivated to reduce risk of onward transmission.

Conclusions:
Our findings highlight the importance of continued research into recently acquired HIV, as well as the need for support to manage the emotional impact of indeterminate test results and negotiate risk reduction. We found no studies exploring sexual risk in the context of recently acquired HIV, or use of pre-exposure prophylaxis or treatment as prevention. The literature is primarily focused on HIV acquisition from an individual and behavioural perspective, neglecting important aspects of lived experience such as immediate ART, stigma, and health and wellbeing.
Modeling the impact of universal TB molecular testing and timing of TB preventive treatment during ART initiation in South Africa
Authors: Balasubramanian Ruchita , Shearer Kate , Mudzengi Don , Hippner Piotr , Golub Jonathan E. , Chihota Violet , Hoffmann Christopher J. , Kendall Emily A. 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
Targeted universal tuberculosis (TB) testing can improve TB detection among people with HIV. This approach is being scaled up in South Africa through Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing for individuals starting antiretroviral therapy and annually thereafter. Clarity is needed on how Universal Xpert testing may affect TB preventive treatment (TPT) provision, and on whether TPT should be delayed until TB is ruled out.

Design:
State-transition microsimulation.

Methods:
We simulated a cohort of South African patients being screened for TB while entering HIV care. We compared clinical and cost outcomes between four TB screening algorithms: symptom-based, C-reactive protein-based, and Universal Xpert testing with either simultaneous or delayed TPT initiation.

Results:
Prompt TB treatment initiation among simulated patients with TB increased from 26% (24%–28%) under symptom screening to 53% (50–56%) with Universal Xpert testing. Universal Xpert testing led to increased TPT uptake when TPT initiation was simultaneous, but to approximately 50% lower TPT uptake if TPT was delayed. Universal Xpert with simultaneous TPT prevented incident TB compared to either symptom screening (median 17 cases averted per 5000 patients) or Universal Xpert with delayed TPT (median 23 averted). Universal Xpert with Simultaneous TPT cost approximately $39 per incremental TPT course compared to Universal Xpert with delayed TPT.

Conclusions:
Universal Xpert testing can promote timely treatment for newly diagnosed people with HIV who have active TB. Pairing universal testing with immediate TPT will improve the promptness, uptake, and preventive effects of TPT. Simultaneous improvements to TB care cascades are needed to maximize impact.
African American/black race, Apolipoprotein L1, and the indirect glomerular filtration measure serum creatinine among persons living with HIV
Authors: Shelton Brittany A. , Sawinski Deirdre , Peter Inga , Maclennan Paul A. , Pelletier Nicole F. , Nadkarni Girish , Julian Bruce , Saag Michael , Fatima Huma , Crane Heidi , Lee Wonjun , Moore Richard D. , Christopoulos Katerina , Jacobson Jeffrey M. , Eron Joseph J. , Kumar Vineeta , Locke Jayme E. 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
Accurate estimation of kidney function is critical among people living with HIV (PLWH) to avoid under-dosing of antiretroviral therapies and ensure timely referral for kidney transplantation. Existing estimation equations for kidney function include race, the appropriateness of which has been debated. Given advancements in understanding of race and the necessity of accuracy in kidney function estimation, this study aimed to examine whether race, or genetic factors, improved prediction of serum creatinine among PLWH.

Design:
This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort (2008–2018). The outcome was baseline serum creatinine.

Methods:
Ordinary least squares regression was used to examine whether inclusion of race or genetic factors (apolipoprotein-L1 (APOL1) variants and genetic African ancestry) improved serum creatinine prediction. A reduction in root mean squared error (RMSE) >2% was a clinically relevant improvement in predictive ability.

Results:
There were 4,183 PLWH included. Among PLWH whose serum creatinine <1.7 mg/dL, race was significantly associated with serum creatinine (β = 0.06, SE = 0.01, p < 0.001), but did not improve predictive ability. African ancestry and APOL1 variants similarly failed to improve predictive ability. Whereas, when serum creatinine ≥1.7 mg/dL, inclusion of race reduced the RMSE by 2.1%, indicating improvement in predictive ability. APOL1 variants further improved predictive ability by reducing the RMSE by 2.9%

Conclusions:
These data suggest that, among PLWH, inclusion of race or genetic factors may only be warranted at higher serum creatinine levels. Work eliminating existing healthcare disparities while preserving the utility of estimating equations is needed.
Novel Gurmarin-like Peptides fromGymnema sylvestreand their Interactions with the Sweet Taste Receptor T1R2/T1R3
Authors: Maaroufi Halim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGymnema sylvestre(GS) is a traditional medicinal plant known for its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Gurmarin (hereafter Gur-1) is the only known active peptide in GS. Gur-1 has a suppressive sweet taste effect in rodents but no or only a very weak effect in humans. Here, eight gurmarin-like peptides (Gur-2 to Gur-9) and their isoforms are reported in the GS transcriptome. The molecular mechanism of sweet taste suppression by Gur-1 is still largely unknown. Therefore, the complete architecture of human and mouse sweet taste receptor T1R2/T1R3 and its interaction with Gur-1 to Gur-9 were predicted by AlphaFold-Multimer (AF-M) and validated. Only Gur-1 and Gur-2 interact with the T1R2/T1R3 receptor. Indeed, Gur-1 and Gur-2 bind to the region of the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and the transmembrane domain (TMD) of the mouse T1R2 subunit. In contrast, only Gur-2 binds to the TMD of the human T1R2 subunit. This result suggests that Gur-2 may have a suppressive sweet taste effect in humans. Furthermore, AF-M predicted that Gα-gustducin, a protein involved in sweet taste transduction, interacts with the intracellular domain of the T1R2 subunit. These results highlight an unexpected diversity of gurmarin-like peptides in GS and provide the complete predicted architecture of the human and mouse sweet taste receptor with the putative binding sites of Gur-1, Gur-2 and Gα-gustducin. Moreover, gurmarin-like peptides may serve as promising drug scaffolds for the development of antidiabetic molecules.
High-accuracy mapping of human and viral direct physical protein-protein interactions using the novel computational system AlphaFold-pairs
Authors: Poitras Christian , Lamontagne Felix , Grandvaux Nathalie , Song Hao , Pinard Maxime , Coulombe Benoit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProtein-protein interactions are central, highly flexible components of regulatory mechanisms in all living cells. Over the years, diverse methods have been developed to map protein-protein interactions. These methods have revealed the organization of protein complexes and networks in numerous cells and conditions. However, these methods are also time consuming, costly and sensitive to various experimental artifacts. To avoid these caveats, we have taken advantage of the AlphaFold-Multimer software, which succeeded in predicting the structure of many protein complexes. We designed a relatively simple algorithm based on assessing the physical proximity of a test protein with other AlphaFold structures. Using this method, named AlphaFold-pairs, we have successfully defined the probability of a protein-protein interaction forming. AlphaFold-pairs was validated using well-defined protein-protein interactions found in the literature and specialized databases. All pairwise interactions forming within the 12-subunit transcription machinery RNA Polymerase II, according to available structures, have been identified. Out of 66 possible interactions (excluding homodimers), 19 specific interactions have been found, and an additional previously unknown interaction has been unveiled. The SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoprotein Spike (or S) was confirmed to interact with high preference with the human ACE2 receptor when compared to other human receptors. Notably, two additional receptors, INSR and FLT4, were found to interact with S. For the first time, we have successfully identified protein-protein interactions that are likely to form within the reassortant Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 swine G4 genotype Influenza A virus, which poses a potential zoonotic threat. Testing G4 proteins against human transcription factors and molecular chaperones (a total of 100 proteins) revealed strong specific interactions between the G4 HA and HSP90B1, the G4 NS and the PAQosome subunit RPAP3, as well as the G4 PA and the POLR2A subunit. We predict that AlphaFold-pairs will revolutionize the study of protein-protein interactions in a large number of healthy and diseased systems in the years to come.
Microevolutionary Hypothesis of the Obesity Epidemic
Authors: Fraiman Joseph , Baver Scott , Henneberg Maciej 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe obesity epidemic represents potentially the largest phenotypic change inHomo sapienssince the origin of the species. Despite obesity’s high heritability, a change in the gene pool has not generally been presumed as a potential cause of the obesity epidemic. Here we advance the hypothesis that a rapid change in the obesogenic gene pool has occurred second to the introduction of modern obstetrics dramatically altering evolutionary pressures on obesity - the microevolutionary hypothesis of the obesity epidemic. Obesity is known to increase childbirth related mortality several fold. Prior to modern obstetrics, childbirth related mortality occurred in over 10% of women. After modern obstetrics, this mortality reduced to a fraction of a percent, thereby lifting a strong negative selection pressure. Regression analysis of data for ∼ 190 countries was carried out to examine associations between 1990 maternal death rates (MDR) and current obesity rates. Multivariate regression showed MDR correlated more strongly with national obesity rates than GDP, calorie intake and physical inactivity. Analyses controlling for confounders via partial correlation show that MDR explains approximately 11% of the variability of obesity rate between nations. For nations with MDR above the median (>0.45%), MDR explains over 20% of obesity variance, while calorie intake, and physical inactivity show no association with obesity in these nations. The microevolutionary hypothesis offers a parsimonious explanation of the global nature of the obesity epidemic.Significance StatementHumans underwent a rapid increase in obesity in the 20thcentury, and existing explanations for this trend are unsatisfactory. Here we present evidence that increases in obesity may be in large part attributable to microevolutionary changes brought about by dramatic reduction of childbirth mortality with the introduction of modern obstetrics. Given the higher relative risk of childbirth in women with obesity, obstetrics removed a strong negative selection pressure against obesity. This alteration would result in a rapid population-wide rise in obesity-promoting alleles. A cross-country analysis of earlier maternal death rates and obesity rate today found strong evidence supporting this hypothesis. These findings suggest recent medical intervention influenced the course of human evolution more profoundly than previously realized.