bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receipt of mastectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy following breast conserving surgery (BCS) in New Zealand women with BCS-eligible breast cancer, 2010–2015: an observational study focusing on ethnic differences
Authors: Bartholomew Karen , Ghafel Mazin , Tin Tin Sandar , Aye Phyu S , Elwood J Mark , Hardie Claire , Scott Nina , Kidd Jacquie , Ramsaroop Reena , Campbell Ian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Women with early breast cancer who meet guideline-based criteria should be offered breast conserving surgery (BCS) with adjuvant radiotherapy as an alternative to mastectomy. New Zealand (NZ) has documented ethnic disparities in screening access and in breast cancer treatment pathways. This study aimed to determine whether, among BCS-eligible women, rates of receipt of mastectomy or radiotherapy differed by ethnicity and other factors.

Methods
The study assessed management of women with early breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS] and invasive stages I-IIIA) registered between 2010 and 2015, extracted from the recently consolidated New Zealand Breast Cancer Registry (now Te Rēhita Mate Ūtaetae NZBCF National Breast Cancer Register). Specific criteria were applied to determine women eligible for BCS. Uni- and multivariable analyses were undertaken to examine differences by demographic and clinicopathological factors with a primary focus on ethnicity (Māori, Pacific, Asian, and Other; the latter is defined as NZ European, Other European, and Middle Eastern Latin American and African).

Results
Overall 22.2% of 5520 BCS-eligible women were treated with mastectomy, and 91.1% of 3807 women who undertook BCS received adjuvant radiotherapy (93.5% for invasive cancer, and 78.3% for DCIS). Asian ethnicity was associated with a higher mastectomy rate in the invasive cancer group (OR 2.18; 95%CI 1.72–2.75), compared to Other ethnicity, along with older age, symptomatic diagnosis, advanced stage, larger tumour, HER2-positive, and hormone receptor-negative groups. Pacific ethnicity was associated with a lower adjuvant radiotherapy rate, compared to Other ethnicity, in both invasive and DCIS groups, along with older age, symptomatic diagnosis, and lower grade tumour in the invasive group. Both mastectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy rates decreased over time. For those who did not receive radiotherapy, non-referral by a clinician was the most common documented reason (8%), followed by patient decline after being referred (5%).

Conclusion
Rates of radiotherapy use are high by international standards. Further research is required to understand differences by ethnicity in both rates of mastectomy and lower rates of radiotherapy after BCS for Pacific women, and the reasons for non-referral by clinicians.
Trajectories and determinants of ageing in Portugal: insights from EpiDoC, a nationwide population-based cohort
Authors: Lopes David G. , Mendonça Nuno , Henriques Ana Rita , Branco Jaime , Canhão Helena , Rodrigues Ana M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The population in Portugal is ageing due to increased life expectancy and reduced fertility rates. We aimed to estimate the health trajectories of Portuguese older adults (60 + years old) in a 10-year period and to assess associated sociodemographic, lifestyle factors and multimorbidity status.

Methods
Using the population-based EpiDoC cohort, we estimated the trajectories of health-related quality of life and physical function of 4135 Portuguese older adults over 10 years using linear mixed models. Factors associated to health-related quality of life and physical function were assessed using linear mixed models and random intercept tobit regression, respectively.

Results
The physical disability of participants increased by 0.263 (0.240, 0.286), and health-related quality of life declined by 0.074 (-0.084, -0.063), over 10 years. With advancing age, older adults reported a faster reduction in health-related quality of life and faster increase in physical disability. In general, women were in worse health than men at baseline, albeit with a similar rate of change throughout the follow-up. Higher education and regular exercise were associated with better health-related quality of life and physical function while multimorbidity and excess weight were associated with worse reporting of these outcomes.

Conclusions
These findings, based on longitudinal data with 10 years of follow-up, are essential to effectively plan resource allocation, plan better healthcare and design informed public health policies in Portugal.

Brief summary
This study characterizes ageing in Portugal showing increased physical disability and decreased health-related quality of life with advancing age older adults, helping to develop public health policies.
Carbapenem alternatives for treatment of bloodstream infections due to AmpC producing enterobacterales
Authors: Ávila-Núñez M. , Lima O. , Sousa A. , Represa M. , Rubiñán P. , Celestino P. , Garrido-Ventín M. , García-Formoso L. , Vasallo-Vidal F. , Martinez-Lamas L. , Pérez-Landeiro A. , Rubianes M , Pérez-Rodríguez MT. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Carbapenems (CR) have traditionally been the first line treatment for bacteremia caused by AmpC-producing Enterobacterales. However, CR have a high ecological impact, and carbapenem-resistant strains continue rising. Thus, other treatment alternatives like Piperacillin-Tazobactam (P-T) or Cefepime (CEF) and oral sequential therapy (OST) are being evaluated.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, single-centre observational study. All adult patients with AmpC-producing Enterobacterales bacteremia were included. The primary endpoint was clinical success defined as a composite of clinical cure, 14-day survival, and no adverse events. We evaluated the evolution of patients in whom OST was performed.

Results
Seventy-seven patients were included, 22 patients in the CR group and 55 in the P-T/CEF group (37 patients received CEF and 18 P-T). The mean age of the patients was higher in the P-T/CEF group (71 years in CR group vs. 76 years in P-T/CEF group, p = 0.053). In the multivariate analysis, age ≥ 70 years (OR 0.08, 95% CI [0.007–0.966], p = 0.047) and a Charlson index ≥ 3 (OR 0.16, 95% CI [0.026–0.984], p = 0.048), were associated with a lower clinical success. Treatment with P-T/CEF was associated with higher clinical success (OR 7.75, 95% CI [1.273–47.223], p = 0.026). OST was performed in 47% of patients. This was related with a shorter in-hospital stay (OST 14 days [7–22] vs. non-OST 18 days [13–38], p = 0.005) without difference in recurrence (OST 3% vs. non-OST 5%, p = 0.999).

Conclusions
Targeted treatment with P-T/CEF and OST could be safe and effective treatments for patients with AmpC-producing Enterobacterales bacteremia.
A machine-learning workflow to integrate high-resolution core-based facies into basin-scale stratigraphic models for the Wolfcamp and Third Bone Spring Sand, Delaware Basin
Authors: Larson Toti E. , Sivil J. Evan , Periwal Priyanka , Melick Jesse 
Published: August 2023

The characterization of subsurface reservoirs that are dominated by mudrock facies is hindered by the inherent heterogeneity and high degree of spatial variability typical of mudrock depositional systems. Subsurface reservoir properties that include porosity and permeability, fluid saturations, stratigraphic thicknesses of reservoir units, and source rock potential are ultimately controlled by the spatial distribution of sedimentary rock facies, which supports efforts to improve subsurface characterization workflows. Although core-based data provide direct measurements of rock attributes that are used to inform static reservoir models, capturing high-resolution core-based rock facies and downscaling these observations to tie to lower-resolution wireline logs remains a challenge. The effort to integrate core-based facies to reservoir-scale models is especially difficult when trying to capture thin-bedded heterogeneity that is common to mudrock systems. Herein, a workflow is developed and applied to visualize and integrate multivariate and spatially complex core-based data sets with wireline logs. Formation-specific core-based chemofacies training data sets are developed by integrating core descriptions with chemofacies clusters developed from high-resolution X-ray fluorescence core scanning. Core-based rock attribute data (e.g., XRD mineralogy, total porosity, and total organic matter content) are used to describe the chemofacies, providing a means to upscale low-resolution rock attribute measurements to high-resolution core-based chemofacies. Supervised core-based chemofacies training data sets are then used with neural network multiclass classification machine-learning tools to train triple combo wireline logs (gamma ray, deep resistivity, bulk density, and neutron porosity) to predict rock facies from wireline logs, providing a new approach to apply core-based facies classifications to wireline log studies. A basin-scale case study that applies this workflow is described for the Third Bone Spring Sand and units of the Wolfcamp Formation in the Delaware Basin of West Texas, United States.
Untangling Concepts of Objectivity in Nineteenth-Century Social Reform: Harriet Martineau and Henry Mayhew Observe Urban Poverty
Authors: Forget Evelyn L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article examines emerging concepts of objectivity in the work of Harriet Martineau and Henry Mayhew. It focuses on Martineau's How to Observe Morals and Manners (1838) and Mayhew's London Labour and the London Poor (1861), documenting how ideas about objectivity appeared in journalism and popular writing by these two prolific nineteenth-century social commentators.
Paid Parental Leave Reforms and Mothers’ Employment in Austria, France and Hungary
Authors: Makay Zsuzsanna 
Published: August 2023

This study focuses on changes in the length of paid parental leave in Austria, France and Hungary between the 1960s and the first decade of the 2000s. Its aim is to analyse to what extent extensions and reductions of the duration of paid parental leave affect mothers’ labour market entry after childbirth. For each country, periods according to the different policy reforms are analysed and data from the Generations and Gender Survey are used to account for changes in mothers’ labour market entry.
Scholars have argued that too long periods of paid parental leave might act as work-reducing policy in that they hinder women’s labour market entry while short leaves have positive effects on labour market participation and wages. This phenomenon is studied in three countries with very different conciliation policies.
Results for Austria show that the introduction of more flexibility into the leave legislation in 2008 increased mothers’ relative risks of labour market entry especially among higher educated women. In France, the extension of paid leave for second born children in 1994 reduced labour market entry. We found however, no significant effect of the 1986 reform for third children and the 2004 reform introducing a paid leave of six months for first-born children. In Hungary, labour market entry of mothers was influenced by structural changes which accompanied the political transition of 1989 and resulted in longer leave take up of mothers. Labour market entry before the transition was more intensive than ever since that.
* This article belongs to a special issue on “Demographic Developments in Eastern and Western Europe Before and After the Transformation of Socialist Countries”.
Ankle fracture internal fixation performed by cadaveric simulation-trained versus standard-trained orthopaedic trainees: a preliminary, multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: James Hannah K. , Griffin Damian R. , Griffin James , Fisher Joanne D. , Pattison Giles T. R. 
Published: August 2023

AimsAnkle fracture fixation is commonly performed by junior trainees. Simulation training using cadavers may shorten the learning curve and result in a technically superior surgical performance.MethodsWe undertook a preliminary, pragmatic, single-blinded, multicentre, randomized controlled trial of cadaveric simulation versus standard training. Primary outcome was fracture reduction on postoperative radiographs.ResultsOverall, 139 ankle fractures were fixed by 28 postgraduate year three to five trainee surgeons (mean age 29.4 years; 71% males) during ten months' follow-up. Under the intention-to-treat principle, a technically superior fixation was performed by the cadaveric-trained group compared to the standard-trained group, as measured on the first postoperative radiograph against predefined acceptability thresholds. The cadaveric-trained group used a lower intraoperative dose of radiation than the standard-trained group (mean difference 0.011 Gym2, 95% confidence interval 0.003 to 0.019; p = 0.009). There was no difference in procedure time.ConclusionTrainees randomized to cadaveric training performed better ankle fracture fixations and irradiated patients less during surgery compared to standard-trained trainees. This effect, which was previously unknown, is likely to be a consequence of the intervention. Further study is required.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(8):594–601.
Toward the Critique of Violence: A Critical Edition, Walter Benjamin, Peter Fenves (ed.) and Julia Ng (ed.) (2021)
Authors: Truskolaski Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

Review of: Toward the Critique of Violence: A Critical Edition, Walter Benjamin, Peter Fenves (ed.) and Julia Ng (ed.) (2021)
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 368 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-80474-952-7, h/bk, $25.00
A Black Gaze: Artists Changing How We See, Tina M. Campt (2021)
Authors: Dunster Flora 
Published: August 2023

Review of: A Black Gaze: Artists Changing How We See, Tina M. Campt (2021)
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 232 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-26204-587-2, h/bk, $29.95

Dark Mirrors, Stanley Wolukau-Wanambwa (2021)
London: Mack Books, 240 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-91362-039-4, p/bk, £25.00
Gastric Alimetry® in the management of chronic gastroduodenal disorders: impact to diagnosis and healthcare utilization
Authors: Varghese Chris , Daker Charlotte , Lim Alexandria , Sebaratnam Gabrielle , Xu William , Kean Bernard , Cederwall Chris 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Chronic gastroduodenal symptoms are frequently overlapping within existing diagnostic paradigms and current diagnostic tests are insensitive to underlying pathophysiologies. Gastric Alimetry has emerged as a new diagnostic test of gastric neuromuscular function with time-of-test symptom profiling. This study aimed to assess the impact to diagnosis and healthcare utilization following the introduction of Gastric Alimetry into clinical care.

Methods
Consecutive data from two tertiary centers with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms (Rome-IV defined, or motility disorder), having integrated care and Gastric Alimetry testing were evaluated. Changes in diagnoses, interventions, and management were quantified. Pre- and post-test health care utilization was reported. A preliminary management framework was established through experiential learning.

Results
50 participants (45 women; median age 30; 19 with gastroparesis, 25 with CNVS, and 7 with FD) underwent Gastric Alimetry testing. One-third of patients had a spectral abnormality (18% dysrhythmic / low-amplitude). Of the remainder, 9 had symptoms correlating to gastric amplitude, while 19 had symptoms unrelated to gastric activity. Gastric Alimetry aided management decisions in 84%, including changes in invasive nutritional support in 9/50 cases (18%; predominantly de-escalation). Health care utilization was significantly lower post-Gastric Alimetry testing (mean $39,724, SD ± 63,566 vs $19,937, SD ± 35,895, p=0.037).

Conclusion
Gastric Alimetry aided diagnosis and management of patients with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms by enabling phenotype-informed care. The high majority of tests aided management decisions, which was associated with reduced healthcare utilization.
Significance of sTREM-1 and sST2 combined diagnosis for sepsis detection and prognosis prediction
Authors: Wei Yongjun , Xiao Ping , Wu Benjuan , Chen Fuxi , Shi Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The diagnosis of sepsis still lacks a practical and reliable gold standard. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) combined with soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) in the diagnosis of sepsis through the correlation between sTREM-1, sST2, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores. Baseline data of 91 patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit were collected, sTREM-1 and sST2 were detected, and the correlation between markers and SOFA score was analyzed. Besides, the prognostic value of baseline and postadmission indicators for sepsis was analyzed with death as the outcome. The results showed that the expressions of sST2 and sTREM-1 in death group and survival group were higher than those in the survival group (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that sST2, sTREM-1, and the joint diagnosis model had a high correlation with SOFA score (p < 0.05), but poor correlation with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ score (p > 0.05). Among them, joint diagnosis model has the highest correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that combined diagnosis had higher area under curve values. sTREM-1/sST2 can be better used in the diagnosis of sepsis than the single biomarker detection, and the combination of the above two biomarkers has potential application value in the detection and prognosis prediction of sepsis.
From Zeno ad infinitum: Iterative Reasonings in Early Greek Philosophy
Authors: Seban Pierrot 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper considers some aspects of the early conception and use of the infinite in ancient Greece, in the spirit of recent results in the history of ancient mathematics. It follows aspects of the practice of reasoning ad infinitum from the extant corpus of and about Zeno of Elea up to early Hellenistic examples in Aristotle and Euclid. Starting with the idea of ‘reasoning from indefinite iteration’, based on the metalogical recognition of the unachievability of an inference process, it identifies several different classes of more or less sophisticated arguments that make use of this idea, and examines the logical devices and notions required for their acceptance in the philosophical practice. Those include ‘Infinite regress’ properly speaking, where Non-Contradiction is used in the formation of indirect infinitary arguments.
The Influence of Prestimulus 1/f-Like versus Alpha-Band Activity on Subjective Awareness of Auditory and Visual Stimuli
Authors: Cunningham Emily , Zimnicki Clementine , Beck Diane M. 
Published: August 2023

Alpha rhythmic activity is often suggested to exert an inhibitory influence on information processing. However, relatively little is known about how reported alpha-related effects are influenced by a potential confounding element of the neural signal, power-law scaling. In the current study, we systematically examine the effect of accounting for 1/f activity on the relation between prestimulus alpha power and human behavior during both auditory and visual detection (N= 27; 19 female, 6 male, 2 nonbinary). The results suggest that, at least in the scalp-recorded EEG signal, the difference in alpha power often reported before visual hits versus misses is probably best thought of as a combination of narrowband alpha and broadband shifts. That is, changes in broadband parameters (exponent and offset of 1/f-like activity) also appear to be strong predictors of the subsequent awareness of visual stimuli. Neither changes in posterior alpha power nor changes in 1/f-like activity reliably predicted detection of auditory stimuli. These results appear consistent with suggestions that broadband changes in the scalp-recorded EEG signal may account for a portion of prior results linking alpha band dynamics to visuospatial attention and behavior, and suggest that systematic re-examination of existing data may be warranted.Significance StatementFluctuations in alpha band (∼8–12 Hz) activity systematically follow the allocation of attention across space and sensory modality. Increases in alpha amplitude, which often precede failures to report awareness of threshold visual stimuli, are suggested to exert an inhibitory influence on information processing. However, fluctuations in alpha activity are often confounded with changes in the broadband 1/f-like pattern of the neural signal. When both factors are considered, we find that changes in broadband activity are as effective as narrowband alpha activity as predictors of subsequent visual detection. These results are consistent with emerging understanding of the potential functional importance of broadband changes in the neural signal and may have significant consequences for our understanding of alpha rhythmic activity.
Influence of the Nursing Manager’s Vocation for Leadership and Its Impact on the Hospital Work Environment in Mexico
Authors: Yañez- Lozano Angeles , Lillo-Crespo Manuel 
Published: August 2023

Background: The presence of a leadership role in the nursing manager appears to be closely related to a positive and productive work environment within health settings. In some contexts, such as Mexico, the profile of the nursing manager has not been formally defined, and, sometimes those who occupy these positions do not always have sufficient training, and therefore this vocation, which is related to the social image of the nursing profession. This study aims to understand the influence of the vocation for leadership that the nursing manager has and how it can influence the work environment, through the analysis of experiences lived by health professionals with a management profile of different health environments; Methods: Qualitative study of an approximation to grounded theory using Corbin &amp;amp; Strauss as reference, using semi-structured individual interviews as a technique, and with the participation of 10 Mexican nursing managers from second-level care hospitals; Results: The meaning of the vocation for the interviewed managers is based in the first instance on the love of the profession and the vocation to be a nurse, then on the development of leadership for decision-making in practice and is fed back with the positive effects that it generates in the work environment, helping them to better organize human resources and professional activities, and strengthening themselves with specific training on the subject and the experience acquired. ; Conclusions: An understanding model is provided about the phenomenon where two central categories were identified, the first central category is the &quot;Management vocation and natural nursing leadership&quot; which is the basis; The second central category is the &quot;Explanation and influence of the managerial vocation, natural leadership and work environment in nursing&quot;. Two connection categories were also created; the connection category one &quot;Motives, meaning, and practical vocation of managerial nursing&quot; and the connection category two &quot;Description of the managerial vocation, natural leadership, and work environment&quot;, said connection categories emanate from the central category one, to connect with the central category two, which contains the interaction of the managerial vocation, natural leadership, and work environment in nursing.