bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biases and information gaps in the study of habitat connectivity in the Carnivora in the Americas
Authors: Balbuena‐Serrano Ángel , Zarco‐González Martha Mariela , Monroy‐Vilchis Octavio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Habitat connectivity is essential to mitigate the effects of fragmentation by maintaining ecological processes, exchange of individuals, and gene flow among isolated populations. In the last two decades, the importance of habitat connectivity has been highlighted and the number of studies that address this issue has increased.

We review and describe the habitat‐connectivity studies for the Carnivora in the Americas to identify taxonomic, geographic, and methodological biases, and we examine the number of publications on habitat connectivity and their relationship with country‐level parameters.

We reviewed habitat‐connectivity studies published between 2000 and 2020. We quantified studies by region, country, family, and species. We identified information gaps and analysed each country based on the proportion of land modified by humans, species richness, percentage of carnivoran species that are at risk of extinction, and the percentage of territory that is within Protected Areas. G‐tests were performed to verify if the number of published connectivity studies differed based on these variables.

There is an increasing trend in the number of studies; however, this increasing is not proportional among countries, among families, or among carnivoran species. We identified that there is a regional bias, since more than 75% of the studies were carried out in North America, in addition, taxonomic bias indicates that the studies focused on large carnivorans. Regarding the methodological bias, the least‐cost path was the most used approach.

There are fewer studies on habitat connectivity in countries with higher fragmentation rates, higher percentages of species that are at risk of extinction and less percentage of land in Protected Areas. The capability of countries to invest in research, the study focused on large charismatic species and the difficulty to obtaining dispersion data are factors that have influenced in the study of habitat connectivity.
RRS1 shapes robust root system to enhance drought resistance in rice
Authors: Gao Jie , Zhao Yong , Zhao Zhikun , Liu Wei , Jiang Conghui , Li Jinjie , Zhang Zhanying , Zhang Hongliang , Zhang Yage , Wang Xiaoning , Sun Xingming , Li Zichao 
Published: March 2023

Summary
A strong root system facilitates the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil, to improve the growth of crops. However, to date, there are still very few root development regulatory genes that can be used in crop breeding for agriculture.
In this study, we cloned a negative regulator gene of root development, Robust Root System 1 (RRS1), which encodes an R2R3‐type MYB family transcription factor. RRS1 knockout plants showed enhanced root growth, including longer root length, longer lateral root length, and larger lateral root density. RRS1 represses root development by directly activating the expression of OsIAA3 which is involved in the auxin signaling pathway.
A natural variation in the coding region of RRS1 changes the transcriptional activity of its protein. RRS1T allele, originating from wild rice, possibly increases root length by means of weakening regulation of OsIAA3.
Knockout of RRS1 enhances drought resistance by promoting water absorption and improving water use efficiency. This study provides a new gene resource for improving root systems and cultivating drought‐resistant rice varieties with important values in agricultural applications.
Constrained Condylar Prostheses for the Treatment of Charcot Arthropathy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mei Fengyao , Li Jiao Jiao , Lin Jianhao , Zhou Diange , Xing Dan 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundNeuroarthropathy of the knee or Charcot knee, leading to chronic joint destruction, is a rare disease that is difficult to diagnose. The treatment of this condition is difficult and controversial.Case PresentationA 74‐year‐old Asian woman has had bilateral knee pain for 22 years and deformity for 10 years, which has been aggravating for 2 months. Physical examination showed bilateral knee varus deformity greater than 15°, and −20 to 90° range of motion. X‐ray revealed bilateral varus deformity with massive free body hyperplasia. Combined with medical history as syringomyelia, the patient was diagnosed with bilateral Charcot knees and bilateral joint replacements were performed using Legacy Constrained Condylar Knee prostheses (LCCK; Zimmer, USA). The patient reported satisfactory treatment outcomes, pain relief, and improved range of motion in both knees, without postoperative complications or prosthesis loosening at 2 year after operation.ConclusionsTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) may be considered a viable option for treating the Charcot knee. The use of constrained condylar prostheses can produce satisfactory results. Attention should be given to survival risks, complications, and other potential determining factors associated with TKA when devising a treatment strategy for the Charcot knee.
Adult attachment as a predictor of maternal gatekeeping among new parents
Authors: Aytac F. Kubra , Schoppe‐Sullivan Sarah J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examined the associations between expectant couples' adult attachment styles and new mothers' gatekeeping (i.e., maternal behaviors that may inhibit or encourage father involvement in parenting) at the transition to parenthood. Data were drawn from a study of 182 different‐gender dual‐earner couples followed from the third trimester of pregnancy through 3 months postpartum. In the third trimester, expectant parents reported their attachment anxiety and avoidance. At 3 months postpartum, mothers and fathers reported on mothers' gate opening and gate closing behaviors. Also, at 3 months postpartum, maternal gate opening and gate closing were coded during mother–father–infant interactions in play and caregiving. Actor–Partner Interdependence Models were conducted in IBM SPSS AMOS 21.0. Findings indicated that higher maternal anxiety predicted higher mother‐reported maternal gate closing, whereas higher paternal avoidance and higher paternal anxiety predicted lower father‐reported maternal gate opening. During caregiving, higher paternal anxiety predicted higher observed maternal gate closing, and higher maternal anxiety predicted lower observed maternal gate opening. Findings reveal the importance of attachment in coparenting relationships among new parents, as attachment anxiety and avoidance may shape maternal behaviors encouraging or hindering father involvement in parenting.
A decrease in the incidence of Shiga toxin‐related hemolytic uremic syndrome as a cause of kidney transplantation at an argentine referral center
Authors: Monteverde Marta L. , Panero Natalia , Chaparro Alicia B. , Locane Fabrizio , Sarkis Claudia , Mattio Silvana A. , Ibañez Juan P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Argentina, Hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC HUS), is the main cause of acute kidney injury and the second cause of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in children. In recent decades, strategies have been implemented to reduce progression to ESRD, but it is not known whether the cumulative incidence of HUS requiring kidney transplantation (KTx) has decreased. We aimed to determine whether the cumulative incidence of STEC HUS in children undergoing KTx decreased and compared outcomes of HUS‐related KTx vs. those related to other etiologies.MethodsAll patients who underwent KTx at our institution were evaluated. The cohort was divided into quintiles (Q), and we compared the cumulative incidence of HUS‐related KTx vs KTx due to other etiologies.ResultsA total of 1000 consecutive KTx were included. The cumulative incidence of HUS‐related KTx was 11%. HUS was the second cause of KTx in Q1: 17% (1988–1995); Q2: 13.5% (1996–2003); Q3: 11.5% (2004–2009) and third cause in Q4: 10% (2010–2015) and Q5: 3% (2016–2021). The cumulative incidence of HUS‐related KTx decreased in Q4 and Q5 compared to Q1, Q2, and Q3 and the decline was even steeper when comparing Q4 to Q5 (p:0.019). There was no difference in graft survival in patients with HUS vs. congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) but better than in those with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS).ConclusionsIn this cohort, the cumulative incidence of HUS‐related KTx decreased, which may have been due to the implementation of nephroprotective strategies.
The trade and welfare effects of the belt and road initiative
Authors: Gao Meng , Jin Chenxin , Jin Wei , Sheng Bin , Xu Linpu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper evaluates the general equilibrium trade and welfare effects of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). We estimate the partial trade effect of the BRI using the synthetic control method. By feeding the implied trade cost reduction into counterfactual equations, we simulate the general equilibrium trade and welfare effects of the BRI based on the structural gravity model. We find that the BRI has greatly increased China's and BRI members' trade and welfare, with little impact on non‐BRI members.
Harnessing enzyme cofactors and plant metabolism: an essential partnership
Authors: da Fonseca‐Pereira Paula , Monteiro‐Batista Rita de Cássia , Araújo Wagner L. , Nunes‐Nesi Adriano 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYCofactors are fundamental to the catalytic activity of enzymes. Additionally, because plants are a critical source of several cofactors (i.e., including their vitamin precursors) within the context of human nutrition, there have been several studies aiming to understand the metabolism of coenzymes and vitamins in plants in detail. For example, compelling evidence has been brought forth regarding the role of cofactors in plants; specifically, it is becoming increasingly clear that an adequate supply of cofactors in plants directly affects their development, metabolism, and stress responses. Here, we review the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on the significance of coenzymes and their precursors with regard to general plant physiology and discuss the emerging functions attributed to them. Furthermore, we discuss how our understanding of the complex relationship between cofactors and plant metabolism can be used for crop improvement.
Evaluation of Freestyle Optium Neo H and TaiDoc‐TD4235 point‐of‐care meters for measuring blood β‐hydroxybutyrate concentration in sheep
Authors: Tümer Kenan C. , Kılınç Mehmet A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate and rapid measurement of blood β‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐OHB) concentrations is critical to identify hyperketonemia in sheep.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test the performance of Freestyle Optium Neo H and TaiDoc‐TD4235 point‐of‐care (POC) devices for measuring blood β‐OHB concentrations in sheep.MethodsVenous blood samples from 105 sheep were evaluated with Freestyle Optium Neo H and TaiDoc‐TD4235 meters. A reference approach was the laboratory measurement of serum BHB concentrations using the Randox D‐3 Hydroxybutyrate reagent kit. Data were analyzed using Passing‐ Bablok regression and Bland–Altman analysis. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed using serum β‐OHB concentration at a cut‐off value of 0.8 mmol/L.ResultsPassing‐Bablok regression analysis revealed an intercept of 0.066 (CI95: 0.018–0.125) and slope of 1.242 (CI95: 1.136–1.342) for Freestyle Optium Neo H. Intercept and slope values for the TaiDoc‐TD4235 meter were 0.625 (CI95: 0.539–0.724) and 1.265 (CI95: 1.044–1.497), respectively. The Bland–Altman plot revealed a bias of 0.224 mmol/L and 0.737 mmol/L for Freestyle Optium Neo H and TaiDoc‐TD4235 meters, respectively, compared with the reference method. Observed Total Error (TEobs) was 56.7% for the Freestyle Optium Neo H and 168.7% for the Taidoc‐TD4235. The sensitivity and specificity for the Freestyle Optium Neo H were 100% and 80.9%, respectively, at the threshold of 0.8 mmol/L. The Taidoc‐TD4235 demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 8.9% at the threshold of 0.8 mmol/L.ConclusionsBecause of the large TEobs, the Freestyle Optium Neo H and TaiDoc‐TD4235 meters should not be used to quantify blood β‐OHB concentrations in sheep.
New Insights in Turbulent Heat Transfer With Oil and Hybrid Nano-Oils, Subject to Discrete Heating, for Parabolic Trough Absorbers
Authors: Upadhyay Satish , Chandra Laltu , Sarkar Jahar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The concentrated solar thermal systems, operating in the medium temperature range of 373–573 K, will be extremely useful for several industrial processes. However, the need for an in-depth understanding of the turbulent heat transfer in parabolic trough absorbers with pure and hybrid nano-oils, including the effect of buoyancy or gravity, is realized. This paper presents the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS)-based turbulent heat transfer analyses in a 3D, long, straight for Reynolds number from 5000 to 20,000 and discrete heating conditions with different heat flux ratios such as 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 50 for pure oil and hybrid nano-oils having 1, 4, and 6% volume concentration of the nanoparticles. The major findings are, (a) gravity-induced anisotropy leads to high and low-speed fluid flows near the lower and upper walls, and temperature redistribution at a plane, which is beneficial, (b) the statistical axial-velocity deviates from the standard logarithmic law at a Reynolds number of 5000, and (c) the ratio of surface-area-averaged Nusselt number between the lower half and upper half of the tube is 4–12. Some important recommendations are (a) the effect of gravity must be included, (b) the local Richardson number may be used for improving the standard logarithmic law for the axial velocity, and (c) Nusselt number correlations are deduced for the upper half surface and lower half surfaces. The findings, albeit for limited parameters, will be useful for improving the heat transfer aspects in the parabolic trough absorber.
Prediction of Waste Chicken Fat Biodiesel Blends as the Potential Substitute for the Diesel Engine With Oxygenated Additives
Authors: Nithya S. , Jeyaseelan G. Antony Casmir , Ali Alharbi Sulaiman , Alfarraj Saleh , Jhanani G. K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe shortage of fossil fuels has been growing at a faster pace every year, which is the reason why it is necessary to switch to alternative fuels without making significant modifications to diesel engines. Because it satisfies the standards, biodiesel can serve as an efficient alternative to fuels derived from petroleum. Although biofuels may be produced from a wide variety of edible sources, the development of biofuels from non-edible sources has been more beneficial in terms of both the economical approach and the performance of the fuel. The addition of the non-carbonous source of nanoparticles is able to significantly increase the performance of the engine. The experimental investigation was carried out in a variety of chicken waste biodiesel blends that also contained titanium oxides at the rate of 50 ppm and 100 ppm. The used biodiesel blends were CWB10% (90% diesel + 10% chicken biodiesel), CWB20% (80% diesel + 20% chicken biodiesel), and nanoparticles were added at the rate of 5 ppm and 10 ppm. It was necessary to estimate the performance, emission, and combustion parameters of the utilized chicken waste biodiesel in order to arrive at an accurate assessment of its quality as a fuel. When comparing the outcomes of using biodiesel with those of using nanoparticles at two different ppm concentrations, the pure diesel results were utilized as a point of comparison. According to the findings, the application of biodiesel led to results that were just average. However, when titanium oxide was included in the mix, the outcomes of the experiment were much enhanced.
Real-Time Dynamic Performance Enhancement for Solar-Powered Pumping Systems Using PI-Based MPPT Techniques
Authors: Ebrahim Mohamed A. , Osama Adham , Kotb Khaled M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The integration of solar-powered pumping systems (SPPS) into agriculture and potable and wastewater sectors becomes mandatory to provide water in remote regions. The broad use of SPPS with classical maximum power point tracking controllers (MPPTCs) showed moderated voltage and power response deterioration. Therefore, the necessity for overcoming these performance degradations and pre-testing of MPPTCs is not an option for the proper operation of such systems. This paper presents a new simple, cost-effective real-time hardware-in-the-loop (RT-HIL) framework to enhance the dynamic performance of SPPS. To accomplish this study, a real pumping station was modeled and equipped with MPPTCs through matlab/simulink. Besides, a practical SPPS was implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed RT-HIL on system performance. The practical SPPS includes designing a DC-DC buck converter circuit equipped with metaheuristic optimization-based real-time MPPTCs. The tuned PI/FOPI-based MPPTCs are adopted in this work to gain the maximum power from the PV generator under measured real environmental conditions. The proposed real-time MPPTCs techniques are perturb and observe, and incremental conductance (IC) with I, PI, and fractional-order PI (FOPI) controllers. The simulation and the experimental results prove the superiority of the developed real-time FOPI-based MPPTCs in enhancing the system performance in terms of the gained power, module output current, pump flowrate, and pump efficiency. The paper’s novelty lies behind the relatively low-cost real-time execution of PI/FOPI-based MPPT techniques on SPPS. This work was simulated using matlab/simulink in conjunction with Arduino-based RT-HIL and the experimental validation was implemented at the National Water Research Center (NWRC) in Egypt.
Evidence for Caribbean plate subduction in southern Costa Rica
Authors: Bourke James R. , Levin Vadim , Arroyo Ivonne G. , Linkimer Lepolt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNestled between the Cocos, Nazca, Caribbean, and South American plates, the Panama microplate represents an area of rapidly evolving tectonics throughout the past ~10 m.y. Past and current studies have observed a notable amount of seismicity throughout this region, in particular the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica, which experienced a Mw 7.7 earthquake in 1991 CE. We investigated the crust and upper mantle structure of this region using the receiver function methodology and report two results: (1) first-order lateral constraints on the position of the Panama microplate boundary near the intersection between the Central Costa Rica Deformed Belt (onshore) and North Panama Deformed Belt (offshore), and (2) an impedance contrast south and east of these belts, supporting that the Caribbean plate currently subducts beneath the Panama microplate. Observed local seismicity is a consequence of the recently (ca. 14 Ma) initiated Caribbean plate subduction beneath the overlying Panama microplate. Our results are also consistent with a doubly convergent subduction margin dominating southern Costa Rica tectonics, uplifting the Talamanca Cordillera, and causing the cessation of southern Costa Rica volcanism over the past ~10 m.y.
Non-integrability of strings in $$AdS_{6}\times S^{2}\times \Sigma $$ background and its 5D holographic duals
Authors: Alencar G. , Tahim M. O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript we study Liouvillian non-integrability of strings in $$AdS_{6}\times S^{2}\times \Sigma $$

A
d

S
6

×

S
2

×
Σ

background. We consider soliton strings and look for simple solutions in order to reduce the equations to only one linear second order differential equation called Normal Variation Equation (NVE). We study truncations in $$\eta $$
η
and $$\sigma $$
σ
variables showing their applicability or not to catch (non) integrability of models. With this technique we are able to study many recent cases considered in the literature: the abelian and non-abelian T-duals, the (p, q)-5-brane system, the T$$_{N}$$

N

, $$+_{MN}$$

+

MN

theories and the $${\tilde{T}}_{N,P}$$

T
~

N
,
P

and $$+_{P,N}$$

+

P
,
N

quivers. We show that all of them are not integrable. Finally, we consider the general case at the boundary $$\sigma =\sigma _0$$

σ
=

σ
0

for large $$\sigma _0$$

σ
0

and show that we can get general conclusions about integrability. For example, beyond the above quivers, we show generically that long quivers are not integrable. In order to establish the results, we numerically study the string dynamical system seeking by chaotic behaviour. Such a characteristic gives one more piece of evidence for non-integrability of the background studied.
International Geodiversity Day: from grassroots geoscience campaign to UNESCO recognition
Authors: Zwoliński Zbigniew , Brilha José , Gray Murray , Matthews Jack 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The paper documents the process of proclaiming International Geodiversity Day as a grassroots initiative of the Earth science community for the benefit of our present civilization and for future generations. The huge support that this initiative has gained among scientists around the world has contributed to the rapid circulation of documents necessary to establish an international day at the UNESCO Forum. The paper presents the timeline of this process of proclaiming International Geodiversity Day, its implications and the course of the first celebrations in 2022.
The Mutare–Fingeren dyke swarm: the enigma of the Kalahari Craton's exit from supercontinent Rodinia
Authors: Gumsley Ashley P. , de Kock Michiel , Ernst Richard , Gumsley Anna , Hanson Richard , Kamo Sandra , Knoper Michael , Lewandowski Marek , Luks Bartłomiej , Mamuse Antony , Söderlund Ulf 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The Rodinia supercontinent broke apart during the Neoproterozoic. Rodinia break-up is associated with widespread intraplate magmatism on many cratons, including the
c.
720–719 Ma Franklin large igneous province (LIP) of Laurentia. Coeval magmatism has also been identified recently in Siberia and South China. This extensive magmatism terminates ∼1 myr before the onset of the Sturtian Snowball Earth. However, LIP-scale magmatism and global glaciation are probably related. U–Pb isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) baddeleyite dating herein identifies remnants of a new
c.
724–712 Ma LIP on the eastern Kalahari Craton in southern Africa and East Antarctica: the combined Mutare–Fingeren Dyke Swarm. This dyke swarm occurs in northeastern Zimbabwe (Mutare Dyke Swarm) and western Dronning Maud Land (Fingeren Dyke Swarm). It has incompatible element-enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt-like geochemistry, suggesting an asthenospheric mantle source for the LIP. The Mutare–Fingeren LIP probably formed during rifting. This rifting would have occurred almost ∼100 myr earlier than previous estimates in eastern Kalahari. The placement of Kalahari against southeastern Laurentia in Rodinia is also questioned. Proposed alternatives, invoking linking terranes between Kalahari and southwestern Laurentia or close to northwestern Laurentia, also present challenges with no discernible resolution. Nevertheless, LIP-scale magmatism being responsible for the Sturtian Snowball Earth significantly increases.
Targeting CAFs to Improve Anti-PD-1 Checkpoint Immunotherapy
Authors: Tauriello Daniele V.F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem that drives cancer progression and restrains immunity. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown strong potential in a subset of patients, a better understanding of suppressive mechanisms may inspire ways to improve immunotherapeutic efficacy. A new study in this issue of Cancer Research focuses on targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts in preclinical models of gastric tumors. Aiming to rebalance anticancer immunity and enhance treatment responses to checkpoint-blocking antibodies, this work also addresses the potential for multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treating gastrointestinal cancer.See related article by Akiyama et al., p. 753