bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ups and Downs of Nahdlatul Ulama Relations with the Government of the Dutch East Indies 1926-1942
Authors: Mawardi Kholid 
Published: January 2023

Nahdlatul Ulama as the largest community organization in Indonesia and has been established for a long time has experienced various ups and downs in each of its journeys. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the Ups and Downs of Nahdlatul Ulama's Relationship with the Dutch East Indies Government 1926-1942. This research is a literature study, where the sources of penetilitin come from old texts in the regions and Jakarta, sources in the regions rely more on the private collections of some kyai over the literature related to this research. Tracing sources located in Jakarta include the National Archives, the National Library, and LAKPESDAM NU. The stage of this research is the collection of information from all sources, criticisms and interpretations. The process of collecting information from the whole source (heuristics), selection of materials, criticism and subsequent interpretation is needed to carry out historical synthesis. Historical synthesis is the embodiment of the ability to think logically and the ability of a historian's historical imagination so that the characteristics of a certain model of historical work are visible. The results of this study show that there was a ups and downs in the relationship between Nahdlatul Ulama and the Dutch East Indies government, when the Dutch East Indies government implemented a Neutral Religion policy among traditionalist Islamists, there was not too much friction with the Dutch East Indies government because the government guaranteed that there was no interference in Islamic religious affairs, even the government formed a Raad Agama (Religious Court) and was led by a religious and expert ruler. Islam. Protests, non-cooperative resistance with the Dutch East Indies government began to be carried out by Nahdlatul Ulama when the practice of religiously neutral politics was violated by the government by making various ordinances that harmed Muslims. However, several times Nahdlatul Ulama still praised the muji of the Dutch East Indies government because several HBNO requests were granted by the government, such as the non-enactment of the rules for brides-to-be to be examined in Raad Agama, and the non-imposition of duties on the slaughter of sacrificial animals. However, at the end of the Dutch East Indies government, Nahdlatul Ulama really felt pro-Japanese
El nuevo reporte de sostenibilidad corporativa en el mercado de valores: Apuntes en torno a la cadena de producción y el consumo responsable
Authors: Arce Rodríguez Mario Marcelo 
Published: January 2023

En el presente artículo, el autor pone en tela de juicio al nuevo reporte de sostenibilidad corporativa, emitido mediante Resolución de Superintendente 018-2020-SMV/02. En esta línea, trata el significado de sostenibilidad corporativa, o cómo debería ser entendida, en el mercado actual. Resalta, asimismo, la importancia del principio de transparencia de mercado respecto a la sostenibilidad corporativa de cara a la información necesaria con la que deben contar los inversionistas.Enfocándose en la cadena de producción y el consumo responsable, el autor evalúa las preguntas del formulario sobre sostenibilidad corporativa emitido por la Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores a través de los estándares fijados por los indicadores Ethos–IARSE, así como por Global Reporting Initiative. Todo ello para concluir que, a pesar que se ha dado un gran paso relativo a la información brindada, aún quedan muchos aspectos por especificar para llegar a los estándares actuales sobre sostenibilidad corporativa.
Pensar y sentir de estudiantes de derecho en su contacto con el mundo profesional
Authors: Del Mastro Puccio Fernando 
Published: January 2023

En el Perú, quienes estudian la carrera de derecho deben completar un periodo de prácticas preprofesionales. Pese a la relevancia que tienen estas experiencias como primer contacto con la realidad del ejercicio profesional, no se ha investigado cuál es su impacto en la formación de los estudiantes. En este artículo, a partir de un marco teórico centrado en Hannah Arendt y del análisis narrativo de relatos de estudiantes, se busca comprender cómo operan los pensamientos congelados en sus experiencias como practicantes preprofesionales.A partir del análisis, se han identificado los siguientes pensamientos congelados: (i) trabajar en exceso es necesario para aprender, (ii) el maltrato es válido si les ocurre a todos y (iii) el propio rol consiste en cumplir los encargos sin pensar ni cuestionar. Aunque estos pensamientos son transmitidos a los estudiantes en situaciones de incumplimiento legal, maltrato y comisión de faltas éticas, suelen actuar conforme a lo esperado sin decir ni hacer algo. Predomina el miedo a no ser valorados y se deja de lado cualquier proceso de reflexión donde puedan cuestionar lo que les indican. Hay, sin embargo, casos donde los estudiantes dudan de si tales pensamientos son correctos, pero el conflicto interno queda sin resolver.La relevancia de este trabajo radica en mostrar parte de lo que acontece en un ámbito formativo que tiene gran impacto en el aprendizaje, pero que ha sido desatendido. Particularmente, muestra modos en los que factores anímicos, como el deseo de ser reconocido y la duda respecto a la propia valía, funcionan como barreras en los procesos de pensamiento y acción. Finalmente, a nivel de reflexión pedagógica, se presenta a la pedagogía socrática como aproximación que puede tener buenos resultados a nivel de la formación ética de estudiantes que viven situaciones como las analizadas.
Aproximaciones y comentarios a las reorganizaciones societarias transfronterizas: La fusión y la redomiciliación
Authors: Véliz Ortíz Samuel Jair , D’Medina Valdez Paula 
Published: January 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las denominadas reorganizaciones societarias transfronterizas, que tienen la particularidad de involucrar a sociedades constituidas y existentes en distintos países, centrándose en las fusiones y la redomiciliación de sociedades.Para ello, los autores analizan los conceptos jurídicos de nacionalidad y domicilio de las personas jurídicas, fusión y redomiciliación de sociedades, las consideraciones que conllevan a la implementación de este tipo de operaciones y, finalmente, si es posible ejecutar una fusión transfronteriza y una redomiciliación de una sociedad peruana al extranjero según la normativa vigente.
El género en la concepción y aplicación de la justicia penal
Authors: Miró Quesada Gayoso Josefina 
Published: January 2023

El artículo analiza, a partir de una perspectiva jurídico penal y criminológica, el rol del género en la concepción y aplicación del sistema de justicia penal, a lo largo de sus distintas etapas. En esa línea, parte de los cuestionamientos a la aparente neutralidad que ofrecen las categorías jurídico-penales, construidas e interpretadas desde un lente androcéntrico que excluye y desvalora las experiencias, intereses y valores femeninos. A través de una revisión crítica de la literatura que estudia la interacción del poder punitivo y el poder patriarcal, se expone y analizan los efectos empíricos, a nivel comparado de leyes penales, sustantivas y procesales, pensadas y aplicadas sin perspectiva de género.Se sostiene, así, la necesidad de operadores de la justicia de aplicar el derecho penal con perspectiva de género, mientras se idean fórmulas de justicia que descentralicen el paradigma punitivo tradicional.
Bid rigging o concertación en licitaciones: ¿Qué, cuándo y cómo se produce un hard core cartel bajo esta modalidad?
Authors: Chang Tokushima Juan Santiago , Drago Alfaro Mario Fernando 
Published: January 2023

En los últimos años, el Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual ha enfocado sus esfuerzos en la persecución y sanción de prácticas horizontales, iniciando un paso sustancial a favor de mejorar la libre competencia de mercado.En este trabajo se analizan las razones por las cuales la legislación de libre competencia nacional considera a las concertaciones en licitaciones públicas como conductas per se ilegales, y cómo el Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual ha perseguido y sancionado tales prácticas. Los autores consideran que la tipificación expresa de las concertaciones en licitaciones públicas como prácticas prohibidas de carácter absoluto responde a su impacto social, antes que a un razonamiento económico que la diferencia de otras conductas ilegales per se.
Upaya Guru dalam Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Karakter Religius Anak Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Najiha Riana Lutfi , Maryamah Maryamah , Husni Miftahul , Nurlaeli Nurlaeli 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kenyataan lapangan bahwa dalam pelaksanaanpembelajaran karakter religius terdapat upaya guru dalam penanaman nilai-nilai karakter religius pada anak kelas IV SDN 1 Trans Batumarta VII. Tujuan dari peneliian ini yaitu(1) mengetahui apa saja upaya yang dilakukan guru dalam menumbuhkan karakter religius pada peserta didik, (2) untuk mengetahui nilai- nilai apa saja yang ditanamkan pada penanaman karakter religius, (3) mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat apa saja yang mendukung adanya penanaman karakter religius pada peserta didik di SDN 1 Trans Batumarta VII. Adapun jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskripstif kualiatif.
Hasil dari penelitian yaitu dalam penanaman karakter religius di SDN 1 Trans Batumarta VII yaitu terdapat upaya guru dalam penanamannya seperti upaya penanaman shalat dhuha yang dilaksanakan tempat Mushola Sekolah serta di Imami oleh Bapak K. membaca surah- surah pendek yang dibaca ketika selesai berdoa belajar yang dipimpin oleh guru yang mengajar pada jamnya dan membaca doa sebelum belajar yang dipimpin oleh guru yang mengajar . Dari nilai-nilai yang digunakan dalam penanaman karakter religius siswa adalah seperti nilai aqidah, nilai akhlak, nilai disipilin, nilai tanggung jawab, dan kejujuran. Faktor pendukung yaitu kerjasama antara kerjasama guru dan wali murid, adapun kendala yang dihadapi adalah kesadaran dari peserta didik, serta dari orang tua yang kurang membimbing anak dalam penanaman karakter religius anak, dan penanaman tidak berjalan dengan normal karena proses belajar mengajar yang terkendala (pandemi) dan faktor lain seperti faktor eksternal (tempraman,

gangguan jiwa, konflik dan keraguan, jauh dari Tuhan), dan faktor internal
(lingkungan keluarga, lingkungan sekolah, sarana dan prasarana)
O currículo das ruas: instâncias efêmeras, móveis e de luta pelo direito à cidade
Authors: Carneiro Glaucia , Paraíso Marlucy Alves 
Published: January 2023

O artigo traz resultados de uma pesquisa realizada para a tese de doutorado que investigou o que chamamos de Currículo das Errâncias com a Pedagogia da Hesitação. A partir de procedimentos retirados da Filosofia da Diferença, de Gilles Deleuze, da noção de Corpos em Aliança, de Judith Butler, este artigo detalha alguns signos desencadeados pelo currículo clandestino da rua, mostrando como funcionam e quais os encontros/saberes que provocam. O argumento desenvolvido é que aprender da/na rua exige, acima de tudo, estar sensível às variações materiais que ocorrem em nosso imaginário. O artigo mostra que muito se aprende com o corpo em trânsito pelas ruas quando o corpo consegue se abrir aos signos políticos, desencadeados pelos artivismos urbanos.
Phytochemical Screening and Toxicity Test of Various Extracts from Microalgae <I>Dunaliella salina</I>
Authors: Sijabat Yosi Yananda , Wilis Ari Setyati  , Retno Hartati  
Published: January 2023

Highlight Research

Extract N-hexane of salina contains alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, and phenols
Extract Ethyl Acetate of salina contains alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenols, flavonoid, and saponins
Extract Methanol of salina contains alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, phenols, flavonoid, and saponins
24- hours LC50 value of the n-hexane extract salina was 276 ppm, the ethyl acetate extract was 673 ppm and the methanol extract was 811 ppm. All of the three extracts were included in toxic category

Abstract
Microalgae are single celled microorganisms as the primary producers in the water food cycle. Microalgae bioactive compounds was estimated to be 10 times more diverse than compounds produced by land plants. Microalgae use nutrients more efficiently to grow, metabolize, and produce chemical compounds. Dunaliella salina is a type of chlorophyte microalgae with a lot of potential to be used in various fields. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical compound content and the value of lethal toxicity (24-hour LC50) in microalgae D. salina extract with different solvents. The multistage maceration method uses n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol to extract samples. Phytochemical screening uses reagents according to the content of secondary metabolites. The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method is used to test toxicity. The extracts were tested by using 10 Artemia salina against five concentrations, namely 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 ppm. Toxicity data were processed through probit analysis to get the 24-hour LC50 value. The results showed that alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, and phenols were found in the methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts. Saponin were found in the methanolic extracts. Flavonoid were found in the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The 24-hour LC50 value of the n-hexane extract was 276 ppm, the methanol extract was 811 ppm, and ethyl acetate extract was 673 ppm. The three extracts were included in toxic category. Extracts of microalgae D. salina have plenty secondary metabolite, that can be used in various fields and holds the potential as an anticancer.
Species Composition and Growth Pattern of a Multi-Species Grouper in Kwandang Bay, Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Achmad Dewi Shinta , Nurdin Muh Saleh , Azmi Fauziah , Indrianti Merita Ayu , Hulukati Evi , Jompa Jamaluddin , Haser Teuku Fadlon , Achmad Novianita 
Published: January 2023

Highlight Research

There are 26 species identified to be originated from the bay, which the highest diversity in Indonesia
Six species found in Kwandang Bay is showing trends of decreasing populations and two species vulnerable based on IUCN conservation list
Growth model and Fulton condition factor determined for 14 species indicates that they live in a good state of well beings in the bay
The models and condition factors also reflect the adequate food resources required for grouper growth which makes Kwandang Bay as a good habitat for groupers

Abstract
Grouper fishery has been the source of income for 3,700 fishermen in Kwandang Bay. Since 2017, grouper populations in Kwandang have been depleting due to the absence of management. This research aimed to analyze species composition, length-weight relationship, and condition factor of the groupers. Samples were collected from fishers who caught the fish using traps, speargun, and handline. Samples were identified through a method by Heemstra and Randall, while the length-weight relationship was estimated using log-linear regression and t-test. The number of specimens identified during January - December 2021 was 1,571 individuals. Research showed that those samples consisted of 26 species under eight genera. Six species found in Kwandang Bay were showing trends of decreasing populations and two species were vulnerable based on the IUCN conservation list. Length-weight relationship analysis of 14 grouper species resulted in b value ranging from 1.6359 to 3.4417 and R2 ranges from 0.7718 to 0.9858. A significant test at a 95% confident interval showed that 14 species had an isometric growth pattern. Fulton condition factors show that Kwandang Bay is an essential habitat for groupers, and the bay can support the fish growth due to the adequate food availability.
Implementation of 16S rRNA Gene for Fish and Shrimp Barcoding in Mangrove Ecosystems in North Sumatra and Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Hairani Hatika , Rizka Amelia  , Ipanna Enggar Susetya  , Arida Susilowati  , Yuntha Bimantara  , Tadashi Kajita  , Mohammad Basyuni  
Published: January 2023

Highlight Research

The genetic diversity of fish and shrimp from mangrove habitats was relatively substantial, with a heterozygosity of 0.926 and the exception of Langsa samples.
AMOVA revealed that the diversity among individuals in the populations were higher compared to those within individuals.
DNA barcode in mangroves is useful in developing mangrove conservation and restoration initiatives

Abstract
Fish and shrimp are among the species that are vulnerable to high level of disturbance in mangrove ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the implementation of 16S rRNA gene for fish and shrimp barcoding in mangrove ecosystems in North Sumatra and Aceh, Indonesia. 50 samples fresh fish and shrimp were collected from five mangrove ecosystems in North Sumatra, namely Belawan, Lubuk Kertang, Percut Sei Tuan, and Pulau Sembilan and Langsa of Aceh for DNA extraction process. The research was divided into four activities: sample collection, DNA isolation, PCR amplification, and data analysis. DNA was extracted using kit extraction (kit Reliaprep gDNA Tissue Miniprep System) and with PCR amplification. Genetic parameters were analyzed using Gen Alex 6.51 software and the relationship between sites was examined using the MVSP 3.22. The genetic diversity of fish and shrimp from mangrove habitats was relatively substantial, according to the findings, with a heterozygosity of 0.926, with the exception of Langsa samples, which were only identified in subclass A1. Genetic relationship between sites revealed that all samples clustered into two branches and were randomly dispersed within each site. This work confirmed the 16S rRNA gene worked for fish and shrimp barcoding in mangrove ecosystems, North Sumatra and Aceh, Indonesia and our findings are expected to be useful in developing mangrove conservation and restoration initiatives.
Sodium Alginate from <I>Padina australis</I> Modulates Innate Immune and Immune Gene Expression in Red Tilapia (<I>Oreochromis</I> sp.)
Authors: Kuswoyo Toni , Isnansetyo Alim , Murwantoko Muwantoko , Husni Amir , Istiqomah Indah 
Published: January 2023

Highlight Research

Development of immunostimulant from natural sources is a promising approach to improve the immune status of fish
Dietary administration of sodium alginate from Padina australis at 2.0 g/kg was an effective immunostimulant for red tilapia
Red tilapia fed diet with sodium alginate significantly increased innate immune responses of TLC, PA, respiratory burst, SOD, TPP, lysozyme, and ACH50 activity
Red tilapia fed diet with sodium alginate significantly modulated immune genes expression of GPx, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β1, and Hepcidin

Abstract
The study of immunostimulant derived from natural sources has received considerable attention in recent years. Indonesian coasts have various sources of immunostimulant, especially brown algae, which are rich in alginate. This research investigated innate immune response and immune genes in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) after being fed diets supplemented with sodium alginates (SA) from a brown alga, Padina australis, originating from Awur Bay, Jepara, Indonesia. This work provided comprehensive information regarding the interaction of cellular-humoral immunity and immune gene expression. Red tilapia was fed with SA-containing diet at doses of 0, 2, 3 and 4 g/kg for 12 days, then blood samples were collected on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 to evaluate the total leucocyte count (TLC), phagocytic activity/index (PA/PI), respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme, alternative complement (ACH50) activity, total plasma protein (TPP), and immune genes expression (blood sample on day 6). The immunological parameters improved in response to the administered doses and period. Dietary SA enhanced total leucocyte count, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, and ACH50 activity, whereas the phagocytic index and total plasma protein were not significantly different. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of antioxidant-related gene (GPx), pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IFN-γ, except for IL-1β), and antimicrobial peptides (Hepcidin) were upregulated. Meanwhile, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1) were downregulated. Supplementation SA diet at 2.0 g/kg as the lowest dose revealed the most effective effects on innate immune and immune genes expression. Dietary SA was a potential immunostimulant in red tilapia aquaculture.
Environmental and genetic risk factors for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Nikitina M. A. , Alifirova V. M. , Bragina E. Yu. , Babushkina N. P. , Gomboeva D. E. , Nazarenko S. M. 
Published: January 2023

Aim. To analyze risk factors in the group of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and compare them with the literature data.Materials and methods. The study included 439 patients with PD and 354 controls, comparable by gender and age. For each individual, a registration card was filled in containing demographic, epidemiological, clinical, and neuropsychological data. The severity of the disease was studied according to the MDS-UPDRS scale; the stage of PD was determined according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Cognitive functions were assessed by the MoCA test and MMSE. The length of the (CAG)n repeat region in the HTT gene was determined using fragment analysis on the ABI 3730 DNA analyzer. The obtained results were analyzed using GeneMapper Software v4.1 (Applied Biosystems, USA).Results. When comparing patients with PD and the control group, the odds ratio (OR) for PD in individuals with traumatic brain injury was 3.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2,27–4.34; p = 4.94 × 10–13), which showed the significance of this risk factor for PD. Consumption of coffee in the anamnesis distinguished the group of PD patients from the control group (OR = 0.41 (95% CI: 0.30–0.56); p < 0.0001), confirming its neuroprotective effect. Analysis of the variability in the length of the (CAG)n repeat regions in the HTT gene showed that patients whose genotype contained an allele with 17 repeats in combination with any allele other than an allele containing 18 repeats had a protective effect (OR = 0.50 (95% CI: 0.27–0.92); p = 0.025). All genotypes containing an allele with 18 repeats were predisposed to PD (OR = 2.57 (95% CI: 1.66–4.28); p = 0.007). The predisposing effect of the allele to PD, unrelated to the expansion of CAG repeats in the HTT gene, was revealed for the first time.Conclusion. Traumatic brain injury and the allele with 18 CAG repeats in the HTT gene are risk factors for PD. Coffee consumption can be attributed to protective factors in relation to PD.