bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIODEGRADATION OF FATS, OIL AND GREASE USING MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT
Authors: Fahmi Rashid Al Khatib Ma'an , Alqedra Fadi , Alam Md. Zahangir 
Published: July 2023

The biodegradation of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) is important in water pollution control and wastewater management. In this study, the viability of FOG-degrading microorganisms on palm oil biodegradation was assessed. Seven strains capable of degrading FOG were isolated from palm oil mill effluent (POME). The potential bacterial strains were selected based on Tween-80-degrading ability. Micrococcus lylae strain DSM 20315 showed the highest growth compared to the other strains. Hence, it was selected for FOG degradation test. The biodegradability was performed as a function of pH (6, 7, 8), initial oil concentration (1, 3, 5% v/v), and inoculum concentration (2, 6, 10% v/v). Optimization of these parameters of palm oil degradation was studied using 2-level factorial design. The maximum oil degradation was 68%, obtained at pH 6, initial oil concentration 1 % v/v, and bacterial inoculum concentration of 10 % v/v. The lowest oil degradation obtained was 22%. The initial oil concentration followed by bacterial inoculum concentration enhanced the removal efficiency of FOG, but the pH level did not significantly promote the degradation rate. As a result, the optimum process conditions for maximizing oil degradation were at pH 6, initial oil concentration 1 %v/v, and bacterial inoculum concentration of 10 %v/v.
ABSTRAK: Biodegradasi lemak, minyak, dan gris (FOG) adalah penting dalam kawalan pencemaran air dan rawatan air buangan. Kajian ini adalah berkenaan kebolehhidupan organisma pengurai-FOG dalam biodegradasi minyak kelapa sawit. Tujuh strain berkeupayaan mendegradasi FOG diasingkan daripada cairan buangan minyak kelapa sawit (POME). Strain bakteria yang berpotensi telah dipilih berdasarkan keupayaan degradasi-Geladak-80. Strain Mikrokokus lilae DSM 20315 menunjukkan pertumbuhan tertinggi berbanding strain lain. Oleh itu, ia dipilih bagi ujian degradasi FOG. Keupayaan biodegradasi telah dihasilkan berdasarkan fungsi pH (6, 7, 8) ketumpatan awal minyak (1, 3, 5% v/v) dan ketumpatan inokulum (2, 6, 10% v/v). Parameter optimum degradasi minyak kelapa sawit dikaji menggunakan reka bentuk faktorial 2-tahap. Nilai maksimum degradasi minyak adalah sebanyak 68%, terhasil pada pH 6, berketumpatan awal 1% v/v, dan ketumpatan inokulum bakteria 10% v/v. Degradasi minyak terendah pula adalah sebanyak 22%. Ketumpatan awal minyak diikuti ketumpatan bakteria inokulum meningkatkan kecekapan penyingkiran FOG, tetapi level pH tidak ketara dalam membantu kadar degradasi. Sebagai kesimpulan, keadaan optimum bagi degradasi minyak maksimum adalah pada pH 6, ketumpatan awal minyak 1% v/v dan ketumpatan bakteria inokulum sebanyak 10% v/v.
Glyphosate Suppresses the Ability of PON1 to Hydrolyse Oxidized-LDL in the Exposed Farm Workers in Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Nor Zamzila , Ishaka Aminu , Shamsuddin Niza , Mohd Rus Razman , Mohamed Abdul Hadi 
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme which is known to hydrolyse most pesticides including organophosphates (OPs) and prevent atherosclerosis by inhibiting oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Glyphosate is one of the common organophosphate pesticides used in agriculture in many developing countries including Malaysia. The aim of this study to is to assess the PON1 ability to hydrolyse oxidized LDL in glyphosate exposed farm workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional comparative study, a total of 103 subjects (53 Glyphosate-exposed and 50 non-exposed) were recruited. Fasting serum samples were analysed for PON1 activities towards substrates paraoxon, phenylacetate, and diazoxon, as well as for lipid profiles and oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL). RESULTS: The results showed lower basal paraoxonase activity [156.96 (58.87) vs 177.06 (66.78)], arylesterase activity [90.06 (17.14) vs 96.92 (23.87)] and diazoxonase activity [850.93 (206.75) vs 990.48 (248.73)] in glyphosate-exposed compared to non-exposed, however, only diazoxonase activity was statistically significant (p<0.05). PON1 activity is not significantly different with different length of period of exposure except for arylesterase. There was also significantly higher (p<0.05) ox-LDL in the exposed group but no significant differences in lipid profiles (p>0.05) between the two groups. The PON1 to ox-LDL ratio which probably reflects the ability of PON1 to hydrolyse ox-LDL were also significantly lower (p<0.05) among the glyphosate-exposed group. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that the decreased PON1 activity in glyphosate-exposed individuals could predispose them to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease through decreased PON1 ability to hydrolyse ox-LDL.
Studi Komparatif Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas VIII pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan dengan Uji Kruskal-Wallis
Authors: Fatimah Fita 
Published: July 2023

Pembelajaran IPA dikatakan berhasil jika semua tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan dapat terpenuhi, yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil belajar IPA. Hasil belajar dapat dipahami sebagai hasil dari proses belajar mengajar yang digunakan untuk menentukan berhasil atau tidaknya suatu program pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya perbedaan capaian hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII pada materi sistem pencernaan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan umpan balik bagi guru dalam mengevaluasi pembelajaran yang telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian komparatif dengan membandingkan rerata hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII pada materi sistem pencernaan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji Kruskal-Wallis dengan pertimbangan bahwa data yang dianalisis tidak berdistribusi normal, berasal dari >2 kelompok data dan data tidak berpasangan. Berdasarkan hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis yang telah dilakukan diketahui nilai Asymp. Sig 0.858 > 0.05 maka H0 diterima, artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII-B, VIII-C, VIII-D, VIII-F, VIII-G, VIII-H, dan VIII-J pada materi sistem pencernaan.
Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan dan Kesejahteraan Anak
Authors: Mardyani Dyta , Raharjo Santoso Tri 
Published: July 2023

Abstrak
Pada saat ini, masalah yang dapat mempengaruhi kesejahteraan anak masih marak terjadi. Isu pendidikan dan isu kesehatan anak masih menjadi isu yang cukup sering ditemukan di Indonesia. Isu pendidikan dan kesehatan ini dapat mempengaruhi kesejahteraan seorang anak, karena pendidikan dan kesehatan termasuk kedalam hak anak dan harus terpenuhi oleh anak. Jika hak anak tidak dapat terpenuhi, maka akan mempengaruhi kesejahteraan anak tersebut. Tercapainya kesejahteraan anak dapat terjadi ketika kebutuhan dan hak dasar anak sudah dapat dipenuhi (Fitri dkk., 2015). Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi isu anak dapat dilakukan melalui Program Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan. Schermerhorn (1993) dalam (Rizky dkk., 2015) mengemukakan Corporate Social Responsibility sebagai bentuk kepedulian perusahaan untuk bertindak dengan cara mereka sendiri dalam melayani kepentingan organisasi dan masyarakat luas. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterlibatan perusahaan dalam merespon isu pendidikan dan kesehatan anak melalui Program CSR. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan kepustakaan yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa sudah cukup banyak perusahaan yang mendirikan program CSR berdasarkan isu pendidikan dan kesehatan anak, seperti program SEHATI yang dilakukan oleh PT. Pertamina yang berfokus pada kesehatan balita, bantuan pendidikan berupa pemberian beasiswa dan pembangunan gedung sekolah yang dilakukan oleh PT Semen Indonesia, dan Program beasiswa Anak Petani Jadi Sarjana yang dilakukan oleh PT Pusri Palembang.

Kata Kunci:
Masalah Pendidikan, Masalah Kesehatan Anak, Kesejahteraan Anak, Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan, dan Hak Anak.
Drug Sensitivity to Bedaquiline of M. kansasii Strains Isolated in Antituberculous Institutions of the City of Moscow
Authors: Makarova M. V. , Mikhajlova Yu. D. , Khachaturiants E. N. , Litvinov V. I. 
Published: July 2023

Relevance. M. kansasii are one of the main nontuberculous bacteria pathogens causing mycobacterial infections in most European countries (including Russia). An important problem in the treatment of mycobacteriosis is the resistance of their pathogens to antibacterial drugs (ABDs). Bedaquiline (Bdq) is one of the new ABDs, the effectiveness of which is shown, in particular, in the most common mycobacteriosis – tuberculosis.Aim. To characterize the features of drug sensitivity of M. kansasii isolated from respiratory material at the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Tuberculosis Control (MNPC BT).Materials and methods. A total of 76 M. kansasii cultures have been studied. The MIC spectrum of Bdq was determined for M. kansasii, MIC50, MIC90 (the concentrations of Bdq providing inhibition of the growth of 50% and 90% mycobacterial strains, respectively) and ECOFF (epidemiological cut-off value) – the MIC value characterizing the upper limit for the «wild» population type, which was determined using the ECOFFinder statistical calculator – EUCAST. The drug sensitivity of M. kansasii to the main ABDs used in general practice for the treatment of the corresponding mycobacterioses was also evaluated.Results. It was found that the MIC of Bdq in relation to M. kansasii were distributed in the range of 0.003-2.0 (mcg/ml), the growth of most strains (73.7%) was be inhibited by the concentration of Bdq0.015 mcg/ml. Among all studied strains of M. kansasii, the number of isolates resistant to Bdq were 2 (2.6%). The data obtained are generally consistent with the data of other authors and show that Bdq can currently be an effective drug for the treatment of mycobacterial infections caused by M. kansasii.Conclusion. The results of the study, as well as literature data, indicate that M. kansasii is currently usually sensitive to Bdq. However, in some cases, resistance to this drug is already developing.
INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS OF UKRAINE: TRENDS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION KEY VECTORS
Authors: Nikolchuk Yuliia , Lopatovska Oksana 
Published: July 2023

The article examines the essence of the concept of "investment attractiveness" and defines the main prerequisites for attracting funds to the economy of Ukraine. In essence, the country's investment attractiveness is a characteristic that reflects the profitability or disadvantage of investing money in the country. Attention is focused on the results of the influence of economic, social and geopolitical factors on the country's investment attractiveness. Key factors of Ukraine's investment attractiveness are highlighted.
The authors analyzed the size of direct foreign investments in Ukraine during 2018–2022. The list of the main investor countries in Ukraine in 2021 is given. The most attractive industries for foreign investment in Ukraine have been analyzed. The investment attractiveness index of Ukraine was evaluated during 2018-2022.
We believe that one of the prerequisites for the stable economic development of the country and its regions is the formation and maintenance of a favorable investment image in the minds of potential investors. The defining task of state policy in the field of investment activity is the formation of a favorable investment climate and the reduction of investment risk for foreign investors.
The main problems of the development of investment activities in Ukraine are outlined. Russia's full-scale military aggression against Ukraine continues to lead the list of factors that have a negative impact on the investment climate, attacks on the Ukrainian energy system are in second place, and corruption is in third place. Among the few positive changes, the business leaders highly rated granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU accession, the cancellation of customs duties and quotas for Ukrainian exports and "transport visa-free" from the EU.
The authors provide strategic guidelines for the formation of a positive investment climate in Ukraine and analyze the causes of an unfavorable investment climate. Ways to increase investment attractiveness in Ukraine are proposed.
We believe that investment attractiveness is a complex multifaceted economic category and reflects the complexity of the macroeconomic space from the point of view of the existing investment climate, the state and level of development of the relevant investment infrastructure. Effective implementation of investment activities is the foundation for the development of the economy of Ukraine, accelerates its integration into the European socio-economic space.
L’impact de la douleur chronique sur l’idéation créative : un examen des mécanismes psychophysiologiques sous-jacents liés à l’attention
Authors: Gubler D.A. , Rominger C. , Holtforth M.G. , Egloff N. , Frickmann F. , Goetze B. , Harnik M. , Streitberger K. , Zeiss S. , Troche S.J. 
Published: July 2023

Contexte : Les déficits attentionnels chez les patients souffrant de douleur chronique sont courants et bien étudiés. Pourtant, peu d’études ont examiné les effets de la douleur chronique sur les capacités cognitives plus complexes qui dépendent du bon fonctionnement des systèmes attentionnels. Dans la présente étude, nous avons cherché à déterminer si l’impact de la douleur chronique sur l’attention affecte l’idéation créative telle que mesurée avec une adaptation de la tâche d’utilisation alternative (AUT).
Méthodes : Les performances dans la tâche AUT étaient évaluées et comparées chez 33 patients souffrant de douleur chronique et 33 témoins sains appariés. Tout en complétant la tâche, des mesures électroencéphalographiques (EEG) ont été enregistrées pour mesurer le degré d’attention dirigée vers des représentations mentales internes.
Résultats : Les résultats ont révélé que les patients souffrant de douleur chronique généraient moins d’idées créatives que les témoins sains. Ce manque de performance s’accompagnait d’une synchronisation liée aux événements (ERS) moindre, spécialement dans les régions pariétales droites. Ces différences d’ERS expliquaient un tiers de la variance intergroupe dans la performance AUT.
Conclusion : Ces résultats suggèrent que les baisses de performance dans l’idéation créative chez les patients souffrant de douleur chronique peuvent être, au moins partiellement, attribuables aux déficits attentionnels associés à la douleur chronique.
Signification : La douleur chronique affecte négativement l’attention et les capacités cognitives plus complexes. Cependant, les mécanismes psychophysiologiques sousjacents et le rôle de l’attention comme source de ces déficiences dans les capacités plus complexes sont mal compris. En analysant les changements de puissance EEG liés à la tâche, le rôle de l’attention dirigée vers les représentations mentales internes pourrait être mieux compris en révélant la relation fonctionnelle entre la douleur chronique, l’attention et une capacité cognitive plus complexe.
Endoscopic ultrasound guided resection of a Cushing’s adenoma invading the medial cavernous sinus wall using the "interdural peeling" technique
Authors: Finger Guilherme , Wu Kyle C. , Gosal Jaskaran S. , Jawad Basit , Vignolles-Jeong Joshua , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prevedello Daniel M. 
Published: July 2023

Cushing’s adenoma invading the cavernous sinus requires aggressive resection to be cured. MRI is frequently inconclusive for identifying microadenomas, and visualizing the involvement of the medial cavernous sinus is even more challenging. In this video, the authors present a patient with an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)–producing microadenoma with doubtful left medial cavernous sinus involvement on MRI. She underwent an endoscopic endonasal exploration of the medial compartment of the cavernous sinus. The abnormally thickened wall, confirmed by intraoperative endoscopic endonasal ultrasound, was safely excised using the "interdural peeling" technique. Complete resection of the tumor resulted in normalization of her postoperative cortisol levels and disease remission with no complications.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.4.FOCVID22150
Surgical strategy of pituitary and cavernous sinus exploration in MRI–Negative Cushing’s disease after unsuccessful surgery
Authors: Shen Ming , Shou Xuefei , Wang Yongfei 
Published: July 2023

MRI–Negative Cushing’s disease continues to be a challenging disease despite better imaging and techniques. The situation can be more complicated in the setting of prior surgery or failed surgery. Often, a narrow surgical corridor is encountered with robust cavernous or intercavernous sinuses. Controlling venous oozing properly is critical to achieving better outcomes. In this video, the authors present a case of MRI–Negative Cushing’s disease after previous unsuccessful surgery. The pituitary tumor was detected on the left side of the gland, close to the cavernous sinus. Margin-plus resection is important if it can be achieved. Biochemical remission was achieved after surgery.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.4.FOCVID2312
Management protocol and surgical techniques for MRI–Negative Cushing’s disease: a series of 6 cases
Authors: Sadhwani Nidhisha , Suri Ashish , Raheja Amol , Bora Santanu Kumar , Khadgawat Rajesh , Sharma Mehar Chand , Garg Ajay , Sharma Rajni 
Published: July 2023

Up to 40% of Cushing’s disease (CD) patients show no evidence of an adenoma on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) remains the gold standard for diagnosis in these patients. Remission rates in MRI–Negative CD are far less at 50%–71%, compared with patients in whom an adenoma is identified on MRI. Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is the surgical approach of choice in these cases. Various adjuncts can be used to localize an adenoma. In this video, the authors highlight their additional usage of pituitary perfusion MRI for identification of the adenoma. They present their stepwise management algorithm and surgical techniques for sellar and suprasellar exploration in 6 cases of MRI–Negative CD operated on by the senior author (A.S.).
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2023.4.FOCVID2318
Subtotal gland resection for MR negative Cushing disease with no detectable tumor on gland exploration: operative video
Authors: Van Gompel Jamie J. , Bancos Irina , Choby Garret 
Published: July 2023

MRI–Negative Cushing disease is a very difficult disease to treat medically and surgically. In the past, after negative gland exploration, hemihypophysectomy was commonly performed on the localizing side of inferior petrosal sampling. However, this generally resulted in 50% remission/cure rates. Therefore, other techniques have arisen based on the percent chance of microadenoma tumor being present in the gland. Subtotal gland resection is a technique aimed at removing 75% of the gland that results in a similar chance of remission and a 10% chance of pituitary dysfunction. In this video, the authors demonstrate this important technique for MRI–Negative Cushing disease.
The video can be found here: https://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2023.4.FOCVID2320
Endonasal, supraorbital, and transorbital approaches: minimal access endoscope-assisted surgical approaches for meningiomas in the anterior and middle cranial fossae
Authors: Carnevale Joseph A. , Pandey Abhinav , Ramirez-Loera Cristopher , Goldberg Jacob L. , Bander Evan D. , Henderson Fraser , Niogi Sumit N. , Tabaee Abtin , Kacker Ashutosh , Anand Vijay K. , Kim Andrew , Tsiouris Apostolos John , Godfrey Kyle J. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE
Minimally invasive endoscope-assisted approaches to the anterior skull base offer an alternative to traditional open craniotomies. Given the restrictive operative corridor, appropriate case selection is critical for success. In this paper, the authors present the results of three different minimal access approaches to meningiomas of the anterior and middle fossae and examine the differences in the target areas considered appropriate for each approach, as well as the outcomes, to determine whether the surgical goals were achieved.

METHODS
A consecutive series of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA), supraorbital approach (SOA), or transorbital approach (TOA) for newly diagnosed meningiomas of the anterior and middle fossa skull base between 2007 and 2022 were examined. Probabilistic heat maps were created to display the distribution of tumor volumes for each approach. Gross-total resection (GTR), extent of resection, visual and olfactory outcomes, and postoperative complications were assessed.

RESULTS
Of 525 patients who had meningioma resection, 88 (16.7%) were included in this study. EEA was performed for planum sphenoidale and tuberculum sellae meningiomas (n = 44), SOA for olfactory groove and anterior clinoid meningiomas (n = 36), and TOA for spheno-orbital and middle fossa meningiomas (n = 8). The largest tumors were treated using SOA (mean volume 28 ± 29 cm3), followed by TOA (mean volume 10 ± 10 cm3) and EEA (mean volume 9 ± 8 cm3) (p = 0.024). Most cases (91%) were WHO grade I. GTR was achieved in 84% of patients (n = 74), which was similar to the rates for EEA (84%) and SOA (92%), but lower than that for TOA (50%) (p = 0.002), the latter attributable to spheno-orbital (GTR: 33%) not middle fossa (GTR: 100%) tumors. There were 7 (8%) CSF leaks: 5 (11%) from EEA, 1 (3%) from SOA, and 1 (13%) from TOA (p = 0.326). All resolved with lumbar drainage except for 1 EEA leak that required a reoperation.

CONCLUSIONS
Minimally invasive approaches for anterior and middle fossa skull base meningiomas require careful case selection. GTR rates are equally high for all approaches except for spheno-orbital meningiomas, where alleviation of proptosis and not GTR is the primary goal of surgery. New anosmia was most common after EEA.