bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular Titratable Polypills for Personalized Medicine and Simplification of Complex Medication Regimens
Authors: Karavasili Christina , Babaee Sahab , Kutty Shruti , Chu Jacqueline N. , Min Seokkee , Fitzgerald Nina , Morimoto Joshua , Inverardi Nicoletta , Traverso Giovanni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSimplification of complex medication regimens in polypharmacy positively contributes to treatment adherence and cost‐effective improved health outcomes. Even though fixed dose combination (FDC) drug products are the only currently available single dose poly‐pill regimens, the lack of flexibility in dose adjustment of a single drug in the combination limits their efficacy. To fill the existing gap in drug dose personalization and simplification of complex medication regimens commonly encountered in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, tuberculosis, and tapering of corticosteroid therapy, a modular titratable polypill approach that simultaneously addresses both aspects is proposed. The polypill consists of modular units that contain different drugs at incremental or decremental doses to be assembled in a single titratable polypill at the required dose for each drug through a stacking or interlocking process. The variable dose (VD) modular tablets are subjected to quality control tests and found to comply to pharmacopeia's acceptance criteria and requirements specified in the respective drug monographs. A cost‐effectiveness analysis is conducted supporting the VD strategy as cost‐effective compared to the FDC strategy and more effective and less expensive than standard of care. The VD approach stands to enable pill burden reduction, ease of administration, enhancement of treatment adherence, and potential cost‐saving benefits.
Efficient Surfactant‐Mediated Photovoltaic Manipulation of fL‐Scale Aqueous Microdroplets for Diverse Optofluidic Applications on LiNbO3 Platform
Authors: Gao Zuoxuan , Yan Jinghui , Shi Lihong , Liu Xiaohu , Wang Mengtong , Li Chenyu , Huai Zechao , Wang Cheng , Wang Xuan , Zhang Lina , Yan Wenbo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe electrodeless biocompatible manipulation of femtoliter‐scale aqueous microdroplets remains challenging. The appropriate isolation of electrostatic charges from femtoliter‐scale aqueous microdroplets is crucial for electrodeless optoelectronic manipulation based on space‐charge‐density modulation. Here, surfactant‐mediated photovoltaic manipulation is proposed, where the surfactant layers self‐assembled at the water–oil and oil–Lithium niobate interfaces are employed to isolate photovoltaic charges. The reduced electrostatic attenuation, remarkable hydrophobicity, and strong electrical breakdown suppression of the surfactant layers enable the stable and swift manipulation of femtoliter‐scale aqueous microdroplets using µW‐level laser in oil media. By virtue of the surfactant‐mediated photovoltaic manipulation, a controllable merging/touching/detaching switch of aqueous microdroplets by adjusting the laser illumination intensity and position is realized and the cascading biochemical operations and microreactions of aqueous microdroplets and microdroplet strings are demonstrated. To demonstrate its potential in photonic Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical‐System assemblies, the end coupling of a focused‐laser‐beam into a ZnO microrod leveraging the refraction effect occurring at the water/oil interface is demonstrated. Moreover, because of the selective permeability of the droplet‐interface‐bilayer developed between the touching microdroplets, in situ adjustment of the size of the microdroplets and the fluorescent solute contained in the microdroplets are achieved, aiming at constructing multicomponent fluorescent microdroplets with tunable whispering‐gallery‐mode characteristics.
Ion‐Diode‐Like Heterojunction for Improving Electricity Generation from Water Droplets by Capillary Infiltration
Authors: Ni Kun , Xu Bentian , Wang Zhiqi , Ren Qinyi , Gu Wenbo , Sun Baoquan , Liu Ruiyuan , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWater‐droplet‐based electricity generators are emerging hydrovoltaic technologies that harvest energy from water circulation through strong interactions between water and nanomaterials. However, such devices exhibit poor current performance owing to their unclear driving force (evaporation or infiltration) and undesirable reverse diffusion current. Herein, a water‐droplet‐based hydrovoltaic electricity generator induced by capillary infiltration with an asymmetric structure composed of a diode‐like heterojunction formed by negatively and positively charged materials is fabricated. This device can generate current densities of 160 and 450 µA cm−2 at room temperature and 65 °C, respectively. The heterojunction achieves a rectification ratio of 12, which effectively suppresses the reverse current caused by concentration differences. This results in an improved charge accumulation of ≈60 mC cm−2 in 1000 s, which is three times the value observed in the control device. When the area of the device is increased to 6 cm2, the current increases linearly to 1 mA, thus demonstrating the scale‐up potential of the generator. It has been proven that the streaming potential originates from capillary infiltration, and the presence of ion rectification. The proposed method of constructing ion‐diode‐like structures provides a new strategy for improving generator performance.
Deuterium Renders Fast Risc and Low Non‐Radiation Decays of TADF Emitters
Authors: Qin Yuanyuan , Xie Xin , Pang Zhi , Liu Guanhao , Dong Xiangyu , Shen Shaogang , Zhang Yaogang , Lee Chun‐Sing , Yi Yuanping , Wang Pengfei , Wang Ying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA simple strategy to simultaneously achieve fast reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and low non‐radiative decay rates in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters is still lacking. Here, the green TADF emitters containing aromatic ketones and prepared D‐Ph and D‐PhCz containing different amounts of deuterium are deuterated to study the mechanism of deuterium on the performance improvement of TADF devices. Due to the heavy atom effect of deuterium, the non‐radiative transition rate constant (knr) of D‐Ph and D‐PhCz decreases. Most importantly, deuterium reduces the reorganization energy (λ) of (T1‐S1), which greatly improves the reverse intersystem crossing rate constant (kRISC) and the exciton utilization efficiency. The results show that the external quantum efficiency of D‐Ph and D‐PhCz increases to 25.69% and 24.92%, respectively. This study provides a simple and efficient strategy for reducing non‐radiative energy loss and increasing kRISC to achieve high‐performance TADF emitters.
Visible Light Induced Difunctional Hetero‐Annulation of Unsaturated C−C Bonds
Authors: Samanta Apurba , Debnath Saradindu , Pratim Mondal Partha , Maity Soumitra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeterocyclic scaffolds are beneficial structural architects in a wide range of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, biological and also functional materials. In this regard, several investigations have been performed to synthesize them. Among these, visible light‐induced difunctionalization cyclization strategy provides attractive solutions by adopting greener routes, breaking the monopoly of conventional thermal processes. A review on these methodologies is also desirable as unsaturated aliphatics, especially alkenes are one of the cheapest feedstocks available. They offer diverse options and modifications to generate different products, including heterocycles, which are highly sought after due to their applications in various sectors. To account for the advancements in this strategy, we summarized the visible light induced difunctionalization strategies that directly lead to the synthesis of heterocyclic scaffolds from unsaturated C−C bonds. We have categorized the relevant reaction schemes into four mechanistically distinct sections namely (i) Two component oxidative annulations (ii) Radical mediated annulations (iii) Polar radical crossover annulations and (iv) Three component oxidative annulations.
Self‐Solidifying Active Droplets Showing Memory‐Induced Chirality
Authors: Feng Kai , Ureña Marcos José Carlos , Mukhopadhyay Aritra K. , Niu Ran , Zhao Qiang , Qu Jinping , Liebchen Benno 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMost synthetic microswimmers do not reach the autonomy of their biological counterparts in terms of energy supply and diversity of motions. Here, this work reports the first all‐aqueous droplet swimmer powered by self‐generated polyelectrolyte gradients, which shows memory‐induced chirality while self‐solidifying. An aqueous solution of surface tension–lowering polyelectrolytes self‐solidifies on the surface of acidic water, during which polyelectrolytes are gradually emitted into the surrounding water and induce linear self‐propulsion via spontaneous symmetry breaking. The low diffusion coefficient of the polyelectrolytes leads to long‐lived chemical trails which cause memory effects that drive a transition from linear to chiral motion without requiring any imposed symmetry breaking. The droplet swimmer is capable of highly efficient removal (up to 85%) of uranium from aqueous solutions within 90 min, benefiting from self‐propulsion and flow‐induced mixing. These results provide a route to fueling self‐propelled agents which can autonomously perform chiral motion and collect toxins.
Adipose METTL14‐Elicited N6‐Methyladenosine Promotes Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and NAFLD Through Suppressing β Adrenergic Signaling and Lipolysis
Authors: Kang Qianqian , Zhu Xiaorong , Ren Decheng , Ky Alexander , MacDougald Ormond A. , O'Rourke Robert W. , Rui Liangyou 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhite adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis releases free fatty acids as a key energy substance to support metabolism in fasting, cold exposure, and exercise. Atgl, in concert with Cgi‐58, catalyzes the first lipolytic reaction. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulates lipolysis via neurotransmitter norepinephrine that activates adipocyte β adrenergic receptors (Adrb1‐3). In obesity, adipose Adrb signaling and lipolysis are impaired, contributing to pathogenic WAT expansion; however, the underling mechanism remains poorly understood. Recent studies highlight importance of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A)‐based RNA modification in health and disease. METTL14 heterodimerizes with METTL3 to form an RNA methyltransferase complex that installs m6A in transcripts. Here, this work shows that adipose Mettl3 and Mettl14 are influenced by fasting, refeeding, and insulin, and are upregulated in high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity. Adipose Adrb2, Adrb3, Atgl, and Cgi‐58 transcript m6A contents are elevated in obesity. Mettl14 ablation decreases these transcripts’ m6A contents and increases their translations and protein levels in adipocytes, thereby increasing Adrb signaling and lipolysis. Mice with adipocyte‐specific deletion of Mettl14 are resistant to HFD‐induced obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These results unravel a METTL14/m6A/translation pathway governing Adrb signaling and lipolysis. METTL14/m6A‐based epitranscriptomic reprogramming impairs adipose Adrb signaling and lipolysis, promoting obesity, NAFLD, and metabolic disease.
Gigantic and Continuous Output Power in Ionic Thermo‐Electrochemical Cells by Using Electrodes with Redox Couples
Authors: Zhang Wencong , Qiu Liyu , Lian Yongjian , Dai Yongqiang , Yin Shi , Wu Chen , Wang Qianming , Zeng Wei , Tao Xiaoming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe main obstacle of ionic thermo‐electrochemical cells (TECs) in continuous power supply lies in a low heat‐to‐electricity energy conversion efficiency because most TECs work in thermodiffusion mode in which the ions are confined in a liquid/electrolyte media. The introduction of the redox couple onto the electrode surface may overcome the obstacle by resolving the low mass transport rate of ions caused by the redox process occurring near but not on the electrode surface. Herein, the authors demonstrate enhancement of TECs by integrating the redox couple directly onto the electrode surface to maximize the mass transport efficiency. A discontinuous interfacial modification strategy is developed by using a carbon cloth/iron (II/III) phytate as the symmetric electrodes. The gelled electrolyte consisting of a polyacrylamide matrix and phytic acid is shown to promote selective ion diffusion. A synergistic combination consisting of the thermodiffusion effect and redox reactions on the electrode is established in a pre‐treated layout. Such TEC affords a high output voltage of 0.4 V, an excellent instantaneous output power density (20.26 mW m‐2 K‐2) and a record‐high 2 h output energy density (2451 J m‐2) under TH = 30 °C with TC = 15 °C, with an ultrahigh Carnot‐relative efficiency of 1.12%.
Green‐Processed Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Based on Y‐Series Acceptors
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Liu Jinfeng , Duan Xiaopeng , Sun Yanming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of environmentally friendly and sustainable processes for the production of high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs) has become a critical research area. Currently, Y‐series electron acceptors are widely used in high‐performance OSCs, achieving power conversion efficiencies above 19%. However, these acceptors have large fused conjugated backbones that are well‐soluble in halogenated solvents, such as chloroform and chlorobenzene, but have poor solubility in non‐halogenated green solvents. To overcome this challenge, recent studies have focused on developing green‐processed OSCs that use non‐chlorinated and non‐aromatic solvents to dissolve bulk‐heterojunction photoactive layers based on Y‐series electron acceptors, enabling environmentally friendly fabrication. In this comprehensive review, an overview of recent progress in green‐processed OSCs based on Y‐series acceptors is provided, covering the determination of Hansen solubility parameters, the use of non‐chlorinated solvents, and the dispersion of conjugated nanoparticles in water/alcohol. It is hoped that the timely review will inspire researchers to develop new ideas and approaches in this important field, ultimately leading to the practical application of OSCs.
Soybean planting date and seeding rate effect on grain yield and profitability
Authors: Colet Fabiano , Lindsey Alexander J. , Lindsey Laura E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTimely soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting is ideal for maximizing grain yield. However, weather conditions often limit farmers’ ability to plant timely. The objectives of this study were to (a) measure the effect of soybean planting date and seeding rate on grain yield, (b) identify the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR; the seeding rate where soybean yield is maximized), and (c) compare the net economic return of the base treatment (May 10 to 31 planting date and 370,000 seeds ha−1 seeding rate) to the other treatment combinations. The experiment was conducted in 2020 and 2021 in Ohio at the Western (WARS) and Northwest (NWARS) Agricultural Research Stations with a split‐plot randomized complete block design with four replications. The whole plot factor was four planting dates ranging from April 25 through July 1, and the sub‐plot factor was five seeding rates ranging from 123,500 to 618,000 seeds ha−1. When water was not limiting, soybean planted in April and May yielded 8% to 26% more than soybean planted late June. In general, planting in May resulted in a lower AOSR (247,000 to 303,000 seeds ha−1), compared to planting in June, where AOSR ranged from 430,000 to 618,000 seeds ha−1. Comparative net economic return was the lowest (from $237 ha−1 to $938 ha−1) when soybean was planted after mid‐June at 123,500 seeds ha−1. These findings can help farmers improve soybean grain yield by adjusting their seeding rate based on planting date to maximize profitability.
Poly(Ethylene Piperidinium)s for Anion Exchange Membranes
Authors: Chen Huanhuan , Bang Ki‐Taek , Tian Ye , Hu Chuan , Tao Ran , Yuan Yufei , Wang Rui , Shin Dong‐Myeong , Shao Minhua , Lee Young Moo , Kim Yoonseob 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe lack of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) that possess both high hydroxide conductivity and stable mechanical and chemical properties poses a major challenge to the development of high‐performance fuel cells. Improving one side of the balance between conductivity and stability usually means sacrificing the other. Herein, we used facile, high‐yield chemical reactions to design and synthesize a piperidinium polymer with a polyethylene backbone for AEM fuel cell applications. To improve the performance, we introduced ionic crosslinking into high‐cationic‐ratio AEMs to suppress high water uptake and swelling while further improving the hydroxide conductivity. Remarkably, PEP80‐20PS achieved a hydroxide conductivity of 354.3 mS cm−1 at 80 °C while remaining mechanically stable. Compared with the base polymer PEP80, the water uptake of PEP80‐20PS decreased by 69 % from 813 % to 350 %, and the swelling decreased substantially by 85 % from 350.0 % to 50.2 % at 80 °C. PEP80‐20PS also showed excellent alkaline stability, 84.7 % remained after 35 days of treatment with an aqueous KOH solution. The chemical design in this study represents a significant advancement toward the development of simultaneously highly stable and conductive AEMs for fuel cell applications.
Triplet Generation Through Singlet Fission in Metal‐Organic Framework: An Alternative Route to Inefficient Singlet‐Triplet Intersystem Crossing
Authors: Surendran Rajasree Sreehari , Yu Jierui , Fry H. Christopher , Anderson Ryther , Xu Wenqian , Krishnan Riya , Duan Jiaxin , Goswami Subhadip , A. Gómez‐Gualdrón Diego , Deria Pravas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh quantum yield triplets, populated by initially prepared excited singlets, are desired for various energy conversion schemes in solid working compositions like porous MOFs. However, a large disparity in the distribution of the excitonic center of mass, singlet‐triplet intersystem crossing (ISC) in such assemblies is inhibited, so much so that a carboxy‐coordinated zirconium heavy metal ion cannot effectively facilitate the ISC through spin‐orbit coupling. Circumventing this sluggish ISC, singlet fission (SF) is explored as a viable route to generating triplets in solution‐stable MOFs. Efficient SF is achieved through a high degree of interchromophoric coupling that facilitates electron super‐exchange to generate triplet pairs. Here we show that a predesigned chromophoric linker with extremely poor ISC efficiency (kISC) but
form triplets in MOF in contrast to the frameworks that are built from linkers with sizable kISC but
. This work opens a new photophysical and photochemical avenue in MOF chemistry and utility in energy conversion schemes.
Fragment Screening and Fast Micromolar Detection on a Benchtop NMR Spectrometer Boosted by Photoinduced Hyperpolarization
Authors: Stadler Gabriela R. , Segawa Takuya F. , Bütikofer Matthias , Decker Venita , Loss Sandra , Czarniecki Barbara , Torres Felix , Riek Roland 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFragment‐based drug design is a well‐established strategy for rational drug design, with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on high‐field spectrometers as the method of reference for screening and hit validation. However, high‐field NMR spectrometers are not only expensive, but require specialized maintenance, dedicated space, and depend on liquid helium cooling which became critical over the recurring global helium shortages. We propose an alternative to high‐field NMR screening by applying the recently developed approach of fragment screening by photoinduced hyperpolarized NMR on a cryogen‐free 80 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer yielding signal enhancements of up to three orders in magnitude. It is demonstrated that it is possible to discover new hits and kick‐off drug design using a benchtop NMR spectrometer at low micromolar concentrations of both protein and ligand. The approach presented performs at higher speed than state‐of‐the‐art high‐field NMR approaches while exhibiting a limit of detection in the nanomolar range. Photoinduced hyperpolarization is known to be inexpensive and simple to be implemented, which aligns greatly with the philosophy of benchtop NMR spectrometers. These findings open the way for the use of benchtop NMR in near‐physiological conditions for drug design and further life science applications.
Formation of aligned needle‐like crystals of 9,10‐dibromoanthracene in small droplets
Authors: Watanabe Masashi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne‐dimensional micromaterials are potentially applicable in various technologies, including sensor fabrications. Variations in the sensing performance of such materials can be ameliorated by their regular arrangement. For example, the materials can be aligned unidirectionally. However, controlling both their orientation and spacing remains challenging. In this study, small evenly spaced droplets were aligned on a surface and the solvent in the droplets was then evaporated in air to obtain evenly spaced, aligned needle‐like crystals of the solute. The droplets were confined to the concave portions of regular wrinkles formed due to buckling instability on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rubber surface. However, crystallization in small droplets with diameters of less than 100 μm was difficult to achieve because the probability of nucleus formation in each droplet was very low. To address this drawback, nuclei were added to the droplets externally, obtaining well‐aligned needle‐like crystals of 9,10‐dibromoanthracene (DBA), an organic semiconductor. The advantages of this method include its simplicity, cost efficiency, and applicability to fragile materials, because the application of mechanical force to the needle‐like crystals is not required.
SEMA4G targeted by miR‐363‐5p regulates the proliferation of granulosa cells in Yunshang black goats
Authors: Chen Yulin , Wang Peng , He Xiaoyun , Liu Yufang , Chu Mingxing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProliferation of granular cells (GCs) plays an important role in ovary development, providing energy and a microenvironment for oocyte ovulation. In this study, we explored the spatiotemporal expression of SEMA4G and its effects on the growth and development of goat GCs using primary GCs cultured in vitro as a model. The results showed that the expression level of SEMA4G was significantly higher in the ovaries of high‐fertility goats than in those of low‐fertility goats (p < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of the cell proliferation markers of GCs were significantly increased after the overexpression of SEMA4G in goat primary GCs. The EdU and CCK8 results showed that cell viability was elevated in goat GCs and that proliferation was promoted by an increase in the number of proliferating cells. The proliferation of goat GCs was significantly inhibited by SEMA4G inhibition (p < 0.05). The results of online miRNA and target gene prediction software and dual luciferase activity analysis confirmed that SEMA4G could bind to mi‐363‐5p and was one of its target genes. The RT‒qPCR results showed that the expression level of miR‐363‐5p was significantly lower in the ovaries of high‐fertility goats than in those of low‐fertility goats in contrast to the expression level of SEMA4G (p < 0.05). After the overexpression of miR‐363‐5p in goat GCs, the expression of SEMA4G was significantly suppressed (p < 0.05). Collectively, the results of this study could lay the foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms by which SEMA4G and miR‐363‐5p regulate the growth and development of goat GCs and provide targets for breeding high‐fertility goats.