bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can depressed cancer patients with a borderline thiamine concentration develop deficiency within a short time period?
Authors: Uchida Nozomu , Ishida Mayumi , Yoshioka Akira , Sato Izumi , Ito Hiroshi , Onizawa Nobuyuki , Sato Ryota , Mizunuma Naoki , Onishi Hideki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite increasing reports of thiamine deficiency (TD) among cancer patients, there remain some patients with borderline thiamine concentrations (BTC). However, it is unclear whether such patients subsequently develop TD.MethodsHere, we report cases of cancer patients progressing to TD within a short time period after presentation with BTC (24–28 ng/ml).ResultsCase 1A 49-year-old female with lung cancer. During treatment for depression, the patient showed a decreased appetite, and a blood sample revealed BTC (25 ng/ml). Fourteen days later, she reported a continued loss of appetite, and despite the absence of the 3 classical signs of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE), additional testing showed a thiamine level of 23 ng/ml, leading to a diagnosis of TD.Case 2A 65-year-old female developed depression during chemotherapy for angiosarcoma. Her blood sample revealed BTC (25 ng/ml). Seven days later, despite the absence of the classical signs of WE, a further testing revealed a thiamine level of 20 ng/ml.Case 3A 41-year-old female developed depression during chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. No loss of appetite was observed, but a blood sample revealed BTC (25 ng/ml). Seven days later, despite the absence of the classical signs of WE or decreased appetite, further testing revealed a thiamine level of 19 ng/ml.Significance of resultsDepressed cancer patients with BTC may develop TD within a short time frame. To prevent TD, health-care professionals should maintain an awareness of its potential and the need for regular testing of thiamine level or prophylactic replacement therapy.
A method to quantify the reduction of back and hip muscle fatigue of lift-support exoskeletons
Authors: van Sluijs Rachel M. , Rodriguez-Cianca David , Sanz-Morère Clara B. , Massardi Stefano , Bartenbach Volker , Torricelli Diego 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cumulative back muscle fatigue plays a role in the occurrence of low-back injuries in occupations that require repetitive lifting of heavy loads and working in forward leaning postures. Lift-support exoskeletons have the potential to reduce back and hip muscle activity, thereby delaying the onset of fatigue in these muscles. Therefore, exoskeletons are being considered a potentially important tool to further reduce workload-related injuries. However, today no standards have been established on how to benchmark the support level of lift-support exoskeletons. This work proposes an experimental protocol to quantify the support level of a lift-support exoskeletons on instant changes in muscle activity and fatigue development while maintaining a static forward leaning posture. It then applies the protocol to experimentally assess the effect of the support provided by a commercially available lift-support exoskeleton, the LiftSuit 2.0 (Auxivo AG, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland), on the user. In a sample of 14 participants, the amplitude of the muscle activity of the back muscles

$ \left({\Delta}_{\mathrm{erectorspinae},\mathrm{thoracic}}\hskip0.35em =\hskip0.35em 33.0\%,{\Delta}_{\mathrm{erectorspinae},\mathrm{lumbar}}\hskip0.35em =\hskip0.35em 13.2\%\right) $

and hip muscles (

$ {\Delta}_{\mathrm{gluteusmaximus}}\hskip0.35em =\hskip0.35em 16.3\% $

) was significantly reduced. Wearing the exoskeleton significantly reduced the amount of fatigue developed during the task (

$ {\Delta}_{\mathrm{quadratuslumborum}}\hskip0.35em =\hskip0.35em 10.1\%,{\Delta}_{\mathrm{gluteusmaximus}}\hskip0.35em =\hskip0.35em 44.0\% $

). Changes in muscle fatigue can be objectively recorded and correlated with relevant changes for exoskeleton users: the time a task can be performed and perceived low-back fatigue. Thus, including such measures of fatigue in standardized benchmarking procedures will help quantify the benefits of exoskeletons for occupational use.
Missing Rainfall Extremes in Commercial Microwave Link Data Due To Complete Loss of Signal
Authors: Polz Julius , Graf Maximilian , Chwala Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn important aspect of rainfall estimation is to accurately capture extreme events. Commercial microwave links (CMLs) can complement weather radar and rain gauge data by estimating path‐averaged rainfall intensities near ground. Our aim with this paper was to investigate attenuation induced complete loss of signal (blackout) in the CML data. This effect can occur during heavy rain events and leads to missing extreme values. We analyzed 3 years of attenuation data from 4,000 CMLs in Germany and compared it to a weather radar derived attenuation climatology covering 20 years. We observed that the average CML experiences 8.5 times more blackouts than we would have expected from the radar derived climatology. Blackouts did occur more often for longer CMLs (e.g., >10 km) despite their increased dynamic range. Therefore, both the hydrometeorological community and network providers can consider our analysis to develop mitigation measures.
Global Asymmetry in ΔX Variations During the 06 April 2000 Geomagnetic Storm: Relative Roles of IMF Bz and By
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Chakrabarty D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis investigation is directed to understand the asymmetry in ΔX variations caused due to the relative roles played by Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) Bz and IMF By in a particular interval (22:22–22:55 UT), during the main phase of a strong geomagnetic storm event of 06 April 2000 (Ap = 236). Two pairs of antipodal stations, being part of the SuperMAG network, are considered here. Ionospheric convection maps from SuperDARN network are used to understand spatio‐temporal evolution of the DP2 ionospheric convection patterns over high‐latitudes. The two‐dimensional maps of equivalent currents are used to show signatures of global DP2 currents associated with the interplay effect between the two IMF components. Observations show increases in the difference in ΔX variations between nearly antipodal stations from the Japanese‐European/African sector with respect to the same between the nearly antipodal stations from the Pacific/American‐Indian sector. This asymmetry is observed during the period when the absolute magnitude of IMF By is larger than that of IMF Bz resulting in a significant and conspicuous enhancement in IMF |By/Bz|. It is suggested that the distortions in DP2 cells and associated rotation of electrodynamic day‐night divider, bring one pair of stations under the same DP2 cell and one station of the other pair under a different DP2 cell and throat flow region leading to the asymmetry in ΔX variations between the antipodal stations. Therefore, the work highlights the importance of the interplay between IMF Bz and IMF By in determining the ionospheric impact over low latitudes during strong geomagnetic conditions.
Observations of Autumnal Cooling in a Large Estuary
Authors: Ilia Amin , McCardell Grant , Howard‐Strobel Mary , O'Donnell James 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSeasonal variations in solar insolation and wind create an annual water temperature cycle that impacts circulation and biological processes. The waters of Long Island Sound (LIS) warm from March‐February until August‐October and then begin to cool. Ship surveys show that the vertical temperature structure becomes almost uniform during this season when the area experiences low air temperatures and high winds. However, no observations have resolved the temporal evolution of the vertical structure of temperature during these cooling periods because conditions inhibit ship operations. We report glider measurements of the vertical structure of water temperatures and salinities from 22 October to 4 November 2014, in eastern LIS. We find that 20 m of water can cool at approximately during intervals of cold air and strong winds. We use the data to estimate heat content tendencies and infer surface fluxes. We also estimate the surface heat fluxes using buoy‐mounted instruments and show they are consistent. The net heat flux to the atmosphere exceeds 600 W/m2 during the gilder deployment and approximately 66% of this is due to latent heat transfer. Using the buoy fluxes and products of an operation regional model, we show that the agreement with the fluxes derived from heat budget is improved by using local wind observations. In addition to confirming the extremely large cooling rates, our results demonstrate that gliders can be used in a complex region with strong tidal currents to resolve the temperature structure and heat budget during the severe weather of the cooling season.
Interactions Between Internal Tidal Bores and Submesoscale Currents on the Continental Shelf
Authors: Dauhajre Daniel P. , McWilliams James C. , Hypolite Delphine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA realistic simulation of Central California reveals interactions between shoaling internal tidal bores and submesoscale currents on the inner‐shelf (approximately 30–60 m depth). These interactions comprise collisions between internal tidal upwelling, “forward” bores (FBs) with submesoscale currents (SMCs) in the form of surface layer density fronts or filaments with downwelling secondary circulation. Along‐shore oriented FBs collide with both cross‐shore (perpendicular interaction) or along‐shore (parallel interaction) oriented SMCs. In perpendicular interaction, FBs colliding into cross‐shore oriented SMCs refract around the offshore tip of the downwelling front or filament. SMCs generally survive perpendicular interaction, despite partial disruption of downwelling secondary circulation by FBs. An example of parallel interaction demonstrates regional wind regulating the competition between FBs and SMCs to set cross‐shore stratification structure. This example comprises (a) blocking of FB propagation by elevated mixing (strong wind) and dense filament formation on the inner‐shelf and (b) the subsequent destruction of the dense filament that is initiated by a decrease in vertical mixing (weakening wind) and completed by renewed FB propagation underneath it. For both perpendicular and parallel interaction, FB propagation is modulated by a varying medium introduced by SMC density and current structure. The computational evidence of these interactions corroborates recent observations of interactions between small‐scale, nearshore currents in the real ocean. This study motivates further exploration of interactions between fronts, filaments, internal tidal bores, and vortices in the nearshore.
Application of Recurrent Neural Networks to Model Bias Correction: Idealized Experiments With the Lorenz‐96 Model
Authors: Amemiya A. , Shlok M. , Miyoshi T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSystematic biases in numerical weather prediction models cause forecast deviation from reality. While model biases also affect data assimilation and degrade the analysis accuracy, observation information incorporated through data assimilation can provide information for detecting and alleviating such biases. In this study, the application of machine learning to model bias correction is demonstrated, emphasizing the effectiveness of recurrent neural networks. Idealized experiments are performed using the two‐scale coupled Lorenz‐96 model as the true system and single Lorenz‐96 model as the imperfect forecast model, to compare the effectiveness of bias correction methods based on various architectures of neural networks and simple linear regression. The neural networks generally outperformed linear regression, and recurrent neural networks showed the best ability in finding the systematic bias component from the analysis increment data. Bias correction using the recurrent neural networks also gives the most significant improvement in reducing the error growth rate in extended range forecasts. The results suggest that including past time series of the forecast variables improve model bias correction when limited information of the observation is incorporated through data assimilation.
Competing Effect of Radiative and Moisture Feedback in Convective Aggregation States in Two CRMs
Authors: Cerlini P. Bongioannini , Saraceni M. , Silvestri L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) of two models exhibiting convective aggregation has been compared. The goal of the work, following the suggestion from the RCE Model Intercomparison Project (RCEMIP), is to identify key parameters controlling self‐aggregation in RCE for both models, to discuss the processes controlled by these parameters and to underline the models similarities and differences. The two cloud resolving models studied, the SAM (System for Atmospheric Modeling) and the ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System), present similar statistics concerning precipitation, but different warming, and drying of the atmosphere, within the spread of the RCEMIP values. On the other hand, the two models show different strengths of the moisture feedback, due to the different saturation of the sub‐cloud layer. A saturated sub‐cloud layer in ARPS (which was not artificially imposed in the numerical setup) allows the localization of convection in moist regions, by weakening the negative influence of cold pools. Such a mechanism leads to a lower degree of aggregation (based on three organization metrics) and a weaker effect of the organized state on the average domain statistics in ARPS. Stronger cold pools in SAM, instead, help the creation of shallow clouds in dry regions, increasing the longwave feedback responsible for their expansion; while delocalizing convection in moist regions and therefore opposing high‐cloud radiative‐feedback. Further experiments are needed to generalize such findings to other RCEMIP models, also investigating the role of microphysics and turbulence schemes in regulating such mechanisms.
Estimating Geomagnetically Induced Currents in Southern Brazil Using 3‐D Earth Resistivity Model
Authors: Espinosa Karen V. , Padilha Antonio L. , Alves Livia R. , Schultz Adam , Kelbert Anna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGeomagnetically induced currents (GICs) result from the interaction of the time variation of ground magnetic field during a geomagnetic disturbance with the Earth's deep electrical resistivity structure. In this study, we simulate induced GICs in a hypothetical representation of a low‐latitude power transmission network located mainly over the large Paleozoic Paraná basin (PB) in southern Brazil. Two intense geomagnetic storms in June and December 2015 are chosen and geoelectric fields are calculated by convolving a three‐dimensional (3‐D) Earth resistivity model with recorded geomagnetic variations. The dB/dt proxy often used to characterize GIC activity fails during the June storm mainly due to the relationship of the instantaneous geoelectric field to previous magnetic field values. Precise resistances of network components are unknown, so assumptions are made for calculating GIC flows from the derived geoelectric field. The largest GICs are modeled in regions of low conductance in the 3‐D resistivity model, concentrated in an isolated substation at the northern edge of the network and in a cluster of substations in its central part where the east‐west (E‐W) oriented transmission lines coincide with the orientation of the instantaneous geoelectric field. The maximum magnitude of the modeled GIC was obtained during the main phase of the June storm, modeled at a northern substation, while the lowest magnitudes were found over prominent crustal anomalies along the PB axis and bordering the continental margin. The simulation results will be used to prospect the optimal substations for installation of GIC monitoring equipment.
Whole-brain tracking of cocaine and sugar rewards processing
Authors: Bijoch Łukasz , Klos Joanna , Pawłowska Monika , Wiśniewska Justyna , Legutko Diana , Szachowicz Urszula , Kaczmarek Leszek , Beroun Anna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNatural rewards, such as food, and sex are appetitive stimuli available for animals in their natural environment. Similarly, addictive rewards such as drugs of abuse possess strong, positive valence, but their action relies on their pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, it is believed that both of these kinds of rewards activate similar brain circuitry. The present study aimed to discover which parts of the brain process the experience of natural and addictive rewards. To holistically address this question, we used a single-cell whole-brain imaging approach to find patterns of activation for acute and prolonged sucrose and cocaine exposure. We analyzed almost 400 brain structures and created a brain-wide map of specific, c-Fos-positive neurons engaged by these rewards. Acute but not prolonged sucrose exposure triggered a massive c-Fos expression throughout the brain. Cocaine exposure on the other hand potentiated c-Fos expression with prolonged use, engaging more structures than sucrose treatment. The functional connectivity analysis unraveled an increase in brain modularity after the initial exposure to both types of rewards. This modularity was increased after repeated cocaine, but not sucrose, intake. To check whether discrepancies between the processing of both types of rewards can be found on a cellular level, we further studied the nucleus accumbens, one of the most strongly activated brain structures by both sucrose and cocaine experience. We found a high overlap between natural and addictive rewards on the level of c-Fos expression. Electrophysiological measurements of cellular correlates of synaptic plasticity revealed that natural and addictive rewards alike induce the accumulation of silent synapses. These results strengthen the hypothesis that in the nucleus accumbens drugs of abuse cause maladaptive neuronal plasticity in the circuitry that typically processes natural rewards.
NEDD8-conjugating enzyme E2s: critical targets for cancer therapy
Authors: Zhou Lisha , Lin Xiongzhi , Zhu Jin , Zhang Luyi , Chen Siyuan , Yang Hui , Jia Lijun , Chen Baofu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNEDD8-conjugating enzymes, E2s, include the well-studied ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 M (UBE2M) and the poorly characterized ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 F (UBE2F). UBE2M and UBE2F have distinct and prominent roles in catalyzing the neddylation of Cullin or non-Cullin substrates. These enzymes are overexpressed in various malignancies, conferring a worse overall survival. Targeting UBE2M to influence tumor growth by either modulating several biological responses of tumor cells (such as DNA-damage response, apoptosis, or senescence) or regulating the anti-tumor immunity holds strong therapeutic potential. Multiple inhibitors that target the interaction between UBE2M and defective cullin neddylation protein 1 (DCN1), a co-E3 for neddylation, exhibit promising anti-tumor effects. By contrast, the potential benefits of targeting UBE2F are still to be explored. It is currently reported to inhibit apoptosis and then induce cell growth; hence, targeting UBE2F serves as an effective chemo-/radiosensitizing strategy by triggering apoptosis. This review highlights the most recent advances in the roles of UBE2M and UBE2F in tumor progression, indicating these E2s as two promising anti-tumor targets.
The transcription factor ATF3 switches cell death from apoptosis to necroptosis in hepatic steatosis in male mice
Authors: Inaba Yuka , Hashiuchi Emi , Watanabe Hitoshi , Kimura Kumi , Oshima Yu , Tsuchiya Kohsuke , Murai Shin , Takahashi Chiaki , Matsumoto Michihiro , Kitajima Shigetaka , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Honda Masao , Asahara Shun-ichiro , Ravnskjaer Kim , Horike Shin-ichi , Kaneko Shuichi , Kasuga Masato , Nakano Hiroyasu , Harada Kenichi , Inoue Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHepatocellular death increases with hepatic steatosis aggravation, although its regulation remains unclear. Here we show that hepatic steatosis aggravation shifts the hepatocellular death mode from apoptosis to necroptosis, causing increased hepatocellular death. Our results reveal that the transcription factor ATF3 acts as a master regulator in this shift by inducing expression of RIPK3, a regulator of necroptosis. In severe hepatic steatosis, after partial hepatectomy, hepatic ATF3-deficient or -overexpressing mice display decreased or increased RIPK3 expression and necroptosis, respectively. In cultured hepatocytes, ATF3 changes TNFα-dependent cell death mode from apoptosis to necroptosis, as revealed by live-cell imaging. In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice, hepatic ATF3 deficiency suppresses RIPK3 expression and hepatocellular death. In human NASH, hepatocellular damage is correlated with the frequency of hepatocytes expressing ATF3 or RIPK3, which overlap frequently. ATF3-dependent RIPK3 induction, causing a modal shift of hepatocellular death, can be a therapeutic target for steatosis-induced liver damage, including NASH.
Isolation of pseudocapacitive surface processes at monolayer MXene flakes reveals delocalized charging mechanism
Authors: Brunet Cabré Marc , Spurling Dahnan , Martinuz Pietro , Longhi Mariangela , Schröder Christian , Nolan Hugo , Nicolosi Valeria , Colavita Paula E. , McKelvey Kim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPseudocapacitive charge storage in Ti3C2Tx MXenes in acid electrolytes is typically described as involving proton intercalation/deintercalation accompanied by redox switching of the Ti centres and protonation/deprotonation of oxygen functional groups. Here we conduct nanoscale electrochemical measurements in a unique experimental configuration, restricting the electrochemical contact area to a small subregion (0.3 µm2) of a monolayer Ti3C2Tx flake. In this unique configuration, proton intercalation into interlayer spaces is not possible, and surface processes are isolated from the bulk processes, characteristic of macroscale electrodes. Analysis of the pseudocapacitive response of differently sized MXene flakes indicates that entire MXene flakes are charged through electrochemical contact of only a small basal plane subregion, corresponding to as little as 3% of the flake surface area. Our observation of pseudocapacitive charging outside the electrochemical contact area is suggestive of a fast transport of protons mechanism across the MXene surface.
Electricity-driven asymmetric bromocyclization enabled by chiral phosphate anion phase-transfer catalysis
Authors: Tan Xuefeng , Wang Qingli , Sun Jianwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectricity-driven asymmetric catalysis is an emerging powerful tool in organic synthesis. However, asymmetric induction so far has mainly relied on forming strong bonds with a chiral catalyst. Asymmetry induced by weak interactions with a chiral catalyst in an electrochemical medium remains challenging due to compatibility issues related to solvent polarity, electrolyte interference, etc. Enabled by a properly designed phase-transfer strategy, here we have achieved two efficient electricity-driven catalytic asymmetric bromocyclization processes induced by weak ion-pairing interaction. The combined use of a phase-transfer catalyst and a chiral phosphate catalyst, together with NaBr as the bromine source, constitutes the key advantages over the conventional chemical oxidation approach. Synergy over multiple events, including anodic oxidation, ion exchange, phase transfer, asymmetric bromination, and inhibition of Br2 decomposition by NaHCO3, proved critical to the success.