bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Water‐Soluble Polymer‐Lumefantrine Conjugate for the Intravenous Treatment of Severe Malaria
Authors: Matshe William M.R. , Tshweu Lesego L. , Mvango Sindisiwe , Cele Zamani E.D. , Chetty Avashnee S. , Pilcher Lynne A. , Famuyide Ibukun M. , McGaw Lyndy J. , Taylor Dale , Gibhard Liezl , Basarab Gregory S. , Balogun Mohammed O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUncomplicated malaria is effectively treated with oral artemisinin‐based combination therapy (ACT). Yet, there is an unmet clinical need for the intravenous treatment of the more fatal severe malaria. There is no combination intravenous therapy for uncomplicated due to the nonavailability of a water‐soluble partner drug for the artemisinin, artesunate. The currently available treatment is a two‐part regimen split into an intravenous artesunate followed by the conventional oral ACT . In a novel application of polymer therapeutics, the aqueous insoluble antimalarial lumefantrine is conjugated to a carrier polymer to create a new water‐soluble chemical entity suitable for intravenous administration in a clinically relevant formulation . The conjugate is characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques, and the aqueous solubility of lumefantrine is determined to have increased by three orders of magnitude. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice indicate that there is a significant plasma release of lumefantrine and production its metabolite desbutyl‐lumefantrine (area under the curve of metabolite is ≈10% that of the parent). In a Plasmodium falciparum malaria mouse model, parasitemia clearance is 50% higher than that of reference unconjugated lumefantrine. The polymer‐lumefantrine shows potential for entering the clinic to meet the need for a one‐course combination treatment for severe malaria.
Über die rote Farbe bei Zuckernachweisen
Authors: Ruppersberg Klaus‐Martin , Kussler Manfred 
Published: March 2023

Abstract1,4‐verknüpfte Disaccharide reagieren mit Ammoniak und ausgewählten Aminen zu einem roten Farbstoff. Diese nasschemischen Nachweise sind aussagekräftiger als die Fehling‐Reaktion oder die Schiff’sche Probe und eignen sich daher besser für Schule und Ausbildung. Der Farbstoff ist allerdings instabil, zu Struktur und Reaktionsmechanismus gab es bisher nur Hypothesen [Nachr. Chem. 2018 (6) und 2019(2)], nun gibt es Fortschritte.
Prozessanalytik: Mitschwimmen und antworten
Authors: Himmelhaus Michael , Schindlbeck Klaus , Schröter Tobias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFluidect bringt Laboranalytik zur Produktionsanlage. Mit einem Sensor für Mikroorganismen und Proteine will das Start‐up Industrieprozesse überwachen und optimieren. So lassen sich etwa die Hefegesundheit in der Alkoholproduktion überwachen oder Krankheitserreger in Wasser erkennen.
Bilanz Roche 2022: Immer neue Medikamente
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDer Pharma‐ und Diagnostikkonzern Roche hatte in den letzten Jahren mit Covid‐19‐ Produkten Geschäfte mit zweistelligen Umsatzzuwächsen gemacht. Im vergangenen Jahr stieg der Umsatz um ein Prozent.
Laborkuriositäten: Zeichen und Wunder
Authors: Zaake‐Hertling Haldor , Mayer Alexander , Weigelt Vincent , Hoffman Katrin , Weingarten Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOb beim Blick ins Mikroskop, in den Kolben oder auf die Laborbench: Kristalle, Lösungsmittelränder oder Schlonz erinnern häufig an etwas, was wir aus dem Alltag kennen. Das ist unseren Leserinnen und Lesern begegnet.
Select human milk oligosaccharide supplementation in post‐weanling rats affects metabolism and gut microbiota into adulthood
Authors: Noye Tuplin Erin W. , Fernandes Tyra , Lowry Dana E. , Cho Nicole A. , Sales Kate M. , Patterson Riley A. , Reimer Raylene A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveFeeding infants with human milk versus formula can produce long‐lasting benefits, including reduced risk of inflammatory diseases. Most infant formulas do not contain human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are important carbohydrates in human breast milk displaying prebiotic properties. The study's aim was to examine the effect of select HMOs in the post‐weaning period.MethodsMetabolic and microbial outcomes were measured in female and male rats whose post‐weaning diet was supplemented with 3'sialyllactose and 2'‐O‐fucosyllactose (low dose, 0.75% of each, or high dose, 2% of each). It was determined whether exposure to the HMOs would attenuate metabolic dysfunction associated with a high fat/sucrose (HFS) diet.ResultsHMO supplementation resulted in dose‐dependent and sex‐dependent effects, with the high HMO female group displaying reduced food intake and percentage body fat and an increase in Blautia abundance. Early life HMO supplementation did not prevent the effects of an HFS diet on metabolic outcomes; however, rats that received high dose HMOs followed by the HFS diet were the only HFS group that maintained a measurable abundance of Blautia.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential for HMOs in follow‐up infant formulas. Further investigation should include variable HMO mixtures and doses to optimize infant nutrition at this critical stage.
Zielsetzung der Studie und allgemeine Forschungsstrategie
Authors: Maly-Motta Hanna 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungNeben einem grundlegenden Verständnis was mit Eltern, Kindern, Paaren und insgesamt Familien in belastungsreichen Phasen geschehen kann, haben sich in den vorherigen Ausführungen zugleich drei zentrale Forschungslücken herauskristallisiert, die in diesem Kapitel noch einmal überblicksartig zusammengefasst werden. Um die dahinterstehenden Forschungsfragen empirisch beantworten zu können, werden der DJI-Survey Aufwachsen in Deutschland: Alltagswelten (AID:A II) sowie das Beziehungs- und Familienpanel (pairfam) in ihren Grundzügen vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus findet die Ausgestaltung von Elternschaft im Bezugsrahmen indiviueller, sozialer und gesellschaftlicher Voraussetzungen statt. Daher werden zentrale Eckpfeiler von Elternschaft wie die finanzielle Situation, das Bildungsniveau oder auch die Erwerbssituation der Eltern anhand einschlägiger empirischer Befunde dahingehend diskutiert, inwiefern sie die Aufgabe des Erziehens und Großziehens von Kindern erschweren oder erleichtern und inwiefern Kinder von diesen familiären und elterlichen Merkmalen betroffen sein können.
Cardioprotective potential of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, mito-TEMPO, in 5-fluorouracil-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Tambe Prasad Kisan , Mathew A. Jesil , Bharati Sanjay 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAs) are known to offer protection against mitochondrial oxidative stress. The recent evidences support their role in mitigating oxidative stress-induced diseases, including cancer. Therefore, this study investigated cardioprotective potential of mito-TEMPO against 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity.

Methods
Mito-TEMPO was administered to male BALB/C mice (intraperitoneally, 0.1 mg/kg b.w. for 7 days) followed by intraperitoneal administration of 5- FU (12 mg/kg b.w. for 4 days). During this period, mito-TEMPO treatment was also continued. The cardioprotective potential of mito-TEMPO was assessed by evaluating cardiac injury markers, extent of non-viable myocardium and histopathological alterations. Mitochondrial functional status and mitochondrial oxidative stress were assessed in cardiac tissue. 8-OHdG expression and apoptotic cell death were assessed using immunohistochemical techniques.

Results
The level of cardiac injury markers CK-MB and AST were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in mito-TEMPO pre-protected group which was further reflected in histopathology as decrease in the percentage of non-viable myocardial tissue, disorganization, and loss of myofibrils. Mito-TEMPO ameliorated mtROS, mtLPO and conserved mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, it had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved the activity of mitochondrial complexes and mitochondrial enzymes. A significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in the level of mtGSH, activity of mitochondrial glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase was observed. A decreased expression of 8-OHdG and reduced apoptotic cell death were observed in mito-TEMPO pre-protected group.

Conclusion
Mito-TEMPO effectively mitigated 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity by modulating mitochondrial oxidative stress, hence may serve as a protective agent/adjuvant in 5-FU-based combinatorial chemotherapy.
New insights into adaptive enrichment designs
Authors: Baldi Antognini Alessandro , Frieri Rosamarie , Zagoraiou Maroussa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe transition towards personalized medicine is happening and the new experimental framework is raising several challenges, from a clinical, ethical, logistical, regulatory, and statistical perspective. To face these challenges, innovative study designs with increasing complexity have been proposed. In particular, adaptive enrichment designs are becoming more attractive for their flexibility. However, these procedures rely on an increasing number of parameters that are unknown at the planning stage of the clinical trial, so the study design requires particular care. This review is dedicated to adaptive enrichment studies with a focus on design aspects. While many papers deal with methods for the analysis, the sample size determination and the optimal allocation problem have been overlooked. We discuss the multiple aspects involved in adaptive enrichment designs that contribute to their advantages and disadvantages. The decision-making process of whether or not it is worth enriching should be driven by clinical and ethical considerations as well as scientific and statistical concerns.
El discurso fúnebre de Quevedo a la muerte del rey Gustavo Adolfo de Suecia: nuevos datos y manuscritos
Authors: Alonso Veloso María José 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQuevedo wrote a short prose funeral speech dedicated to the Swedish monarch, who died in Lützen in 1632. The text is considered an incomplete letter with an uncertain addressee since Astrana included it in his Epistolary. The purpose of this article is to offer a critical edition of the aforementioned writing, based on five manuscripts, two of them unknown until now and located in a Portuguese archive. The study of all textual sources allows to correct some errors in the text that we know, to rule out that it is a mere fragment, as well as to qualify its dubious ascription to the epistolary genre. As a simple hypothesis in need of new inquiries, a possible relationship with Lope de Vega's letter to the same subject is raised.
Stability for the Erdős-Rothschild problem
Authors: Pikhurko Oleg , Staden Katherine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Given a sequence

$\boldsymbol {k} := (k_1,\ldots ,k_s)$

of natural numbers and a graph G, let

$F(G;\boldsymbol {k})$

denote the number of colourings of the edges of G with colours

$1,\dots ,s$

, such that, for every

$c \in \{1,\dots ,s\}$

, the edges of colour c contain no clique of order

$k_c$

. Write

$F(n;\boldsymbol {k})$

to denote the maximum of

$F(G;\boldsymbol {k})$

over all graphs G on n vertices. This problem was first considered by Erdős and Rothschild in 1974, but it has been solved only for a very small number of nontrivial cases. In previous work with Pikhurko and Yilma, (Math. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 163 (2017), 341–356), we constructed a finite optimisation problem whose maximum is equal to the limit of

$\log _2 F(n;\boldsymbol {k})/{n\choose 2}$

as n tends to infinity and proved a stability theorem for complete multipartite graphs G.
In this paper, we provide a sufficient condition on

$\boldsymbol {k}$

which guarantees a general stability theorem for any graph G, describing the asymptotic structure of G on n vertices with

$F(G;\boldsymbol {k}) = F(n;\boldsymbol {k}) \cdot 2^{o(n^2)}$

in terms of solutions to the optimisation problem. We apply our theorem to systematically recover existing stability results as well as all cases with

$s=2$

. The proof uses a version of symmetrisation on edge-coloured weighted multigraphs.
THE GROWTH OF SOLUTIONS OF MONGE–AMPÈRE EQUATIONS IN HALF SPACES AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors: MA SHANSHAN , JIA XIAOBIAO 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider the growth of the convex viscosity solution of the Monge–Ampère equation
$\det D^2u=1$
outside a bounded domain of the upper half space. We show that if u is a convex quadratic polynomial on the boundary
$\{x_n=0\}$
and there exists some
$\varepsilon>0$
such that
$u=O(|x|^{3-\varepsilon })$
at infinity, then
$u=O(|x|^2)$
at infinity. As an application, we improve the asymptotic result at infinity for viscosity solutions of Monge–Ampère equations in half spaces of Jia, Li and Li [‘Asymptotic behavior at infinity of solutions of Monge–Ampère equations in half spaces’, J. Differential Equations269(1) (2020), 326–348].
Role of probiotics in chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review of randomised, controlled trials
Authors: Fong P , Lim K , Gnanam A , Charn T 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis review evaluated the safety profile and efficacy of probiotics in chronic rhinosinusitis and was registered with Prospero (Centre for Reviews and Dissemination number: 42020193529).MethodLiterature databases were searched through inception to August 2022. Randomised, controlled trials exploring adjunctive probiotics in adult chronic rhinosinusitis patients were included. From 948 records screened, 4 randomised, controlled trials were included.ResultsProbiotics-associated adverse effects comprised epistaxis and abdominal pain. No reduction in Sino-Nasal Outcome Test values before 4 weeks (p = 0.58) or beyond 8 weeks (p = 0.08) of treatment or reduction of severe symptom frequency (p = 0.75) was observed. Symptom relapse in probiotic-treated patients was significantly lower across all timepoints (p = 0.045). Lower sinusitis relapse risks during treatment (risk ratio = 0.49; p = 0.019) and 8 months post-treatment (risk ratio = 0.56, p = 0.013) were observed. Probiotics demonstrated potential in improving Sino-Nasal Outcome Test symptom subscales, including sleep, psychological and rhinology subscales.ConclusionThe optimal mode of probiotic administration, treatment duration and target patient subgroups requires further study to evaluate the utility of probiotics.
Ancestral Maya domesticated waterscapes, ecological aquaculture, and integrated subsistence
Authors: Palka Joel W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAncestral Maya engineered wetland fields and canals in floodplains for plant cultivation and water management. Canals and reservoirs, however, also provide aquatic resources to supplement agriculture. Maya created multi-trophic ecological aquaculture by modifying the waterscape to increase the amounts of foods and useful materials, such as fish, turtles, waterfowl, and reeds. While archaeological and ethnographic investigations across the Maya area explore aquatic constructions, technology, and foodstuffs, they have not focused on aquaculture. In the western Maya lowlands, including the site of Mensabak, Chiapas, Mexico, ancestral Maya modified floodplains around lakes and rivers for farming fish and aquatic resources near their settlements and fields. These extensive modifications for ecological aquaculture enhanced the productivity and resiliency of natural ecosystems. The domesticated waterscapes near the ritually important Mirador Mountain at Mensabak also followed pan-Mesoamerican beliefs in origin mountains that generated water, plants, and fish for humans. Importantly, Maya integrated subsistence is illuminated by research on domesticated landscapes and ecological aquaculture that examines a range of resources rather than just plants. Certainly across Mesoamerica, ecological aquaculture allowed people to intensify production of “farms” of aquatic species, particularly fish.
Reflective multi-immersion microscope objectives inspired by the Schmidt telescope
Authors: Voigt Fabian F. , Reuss Anna Maria , Naert Thomas , Hildebrand Sven , Schaettin Martina , Hotz Adriana L. , Whitehead Lachlan , Bahl Armin , Neuhauss Stephan C. F. , Roebroeck Alard , Stoeckli Esther T. , Lienkamp Soeren S. , Aguzzi Adriano , Helmchen Fritjof 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImaging large, cleared samples requires microscope objectives that combine a large field of view (FOV) with a long working distance (WD) and a high numerical aperture (NA). Ideally, such objectives should be compatible with a wide range of immersion media, which is challenging to achieve with conventional lens-based objective designs. Here we introduce the multi-immersion ‘Schmidt objective’ consisting of a spherical mirror and an aspherical correction plate as a solution to this problem. We demonstrate that a multi-photon variant of the Schmidt objective is compatible with all homogeneous immersion media and achieves an NA of 1.08 at a refractive index of 1.56, 1.1-mm FOV and 11-mm WD. We highlight its versatility by imaging cleared samples in various media ranging from air and water to benzyl alcohol/benzyl benzoate, dibenzyl ether and ethyl cinnamate and by imaging of neuronal activity in larval zebrafish in vivo. In principle, the concept can be extended to any imaging modality, including wide-field, confocal and light-sheet microscopy.
Diagnostic performance of high-resolution ultrasound in the evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic wrist ligaments after trauma
Authors: Gitto Salvatore , Albano Domenico , Serpi Francesca , Spadafora Pierino , Colombo Roberta , Messina Carmelo , Aliprandi Alberto , Sconfienza Luca Maria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of ultrasound (US) in the evaluation of intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments of the wrist with magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) as the reference standard.
Materials and Methods This prospective study included patients referred for MRA after wrist trauma. US examination was performed just before MRA. On the dorsal and palmar sides of the wrist, the intrinsic interosseus and midcarpal, extrinsic, and collateral ligaments were evaluated. MRA was performed on a 1.5-T unit. In the first 20 patients included, ligament thickness was independently assessed using US and MRA and thickness reproducibility was calculated. Ligament integrity was evaluated in all patients.
Results 38 patients (22 men, 16 women; mean age: 38 years) were included. Ligament thickness reproducibility ranged between 44% for the palmar ulnocapitate ligament and 71% for the palmar scaphotriquetral ligament. US had a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of 100% in the identification of tears of the palmar (n=8) and dorsal (n=3) bands of the scapholunate ligament and the ulnar collateral ligament (n=3). It had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value of 50%, negative predictive value of 100%, and accuracy of 97% in the identification of tears of the palmar ulnolunate ligament (n=1).
Conclusion Compared to MRA, US showed good reproducibility in the assessment of wrist ligament thickness and similar accuracy with respect to identifying tears of the scapholunate, palmar ulnolunate, and ulnar collateral ligaments.
Dominant Fronto-temporal Lobectomy for Refractory Intracranial Hypertension following an Acute Arterial Ischemic Stroke in a Child
Authors: Jerath Nameet , Bhati Aditendraditya Singh , Tyagi Sudheer Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFronto-temporal lobectomy for refractory intracranial hypertension following an acute arterial ischemic stroke in a child is rarely performed following failed conventional measures including decompressive craniectomy. We present a case of a 10-year-old child who presented with acute ischemic stroke with intractable cerebral edema and failed conventional measures including decompressive craniectomy and had significant neurological recovery following frontotemporal lobectomy.
Preprint Highlight: Lateral and longitudinal compaction of PRC1 overlap zones drives stabilization of interzonal microtubules
Authors: Landino Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

Midzone microtubules, which support chromosome segregation during anaphase and define the cell division plane, transition from being dynamic in early anaphase to being stable in late anaphase. The mechanism of midzone microtubule stabilization is not well understood. Using photoactivation experiments, the authors find reduced turnover and sliding of midzone microtubules during late anaphase, after 50% cytokinetic furrow ingression. This stabilization depends on the microtubule cross-linker PRC1 and the kinesin Kif4a. Lateral compaction of microtubules by the cytokinetic furrow also contributes to stabilization in late anaphase. This work supports the idea that multiple molecular mechanisms function to stabilize midzone microtubules in late anaphase and that these are essential for successful cell division. This preprint has been assigned the following badges: New Hypothesis Read the preprint on bioRxiv ( Fermino do Rosário et al., 2023 ): https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.30.526324 .
3-D forward modelling for DC resistivity method based on smooth multiscale finite-element algorithm
Authors: Qi Yanfu , Li Xiu , Jing Xu , Sun Naiquan , Qi Zhipeng , Zhou Jianmei 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYWhen the conventional finite-element method is used to simulate the 3-D direct-current (DC) resistivity response over a conductive earth with large complex structures, it requires finely discretized mesh to accurately represent the underground structures. Directly solving the current-conduction problem on the fine mesh will lead to a huge amount of calculation. In this paper, we develop a fast 3-D forward modelling method for DC resistivity method based on smooth multiscale finite-element algorithm. Instead of using the conventional polynomial basis functions, we construct the multiscale basis functions by solving the local boundary-value problems of partial differential equation in parallel on the multiscale meshes. The multiscale basis functions can capture the small-scale heterogeneous information in coarse cells and reflect it to the large scale by assembling macro matrix of coarse mesh. Thus, it enables us to quickly obtain the accurate solution by solving the original current-conduction problem with complex structures on coarse mesh. We further adopt the oversampling technology to improve the forward modelling accuracy. Besides, by combining with the gradient smoothing technology, we avoid establishing the continuous form of multiscale basis functions and their spatial derivative integral operation to rapidly assemble the macro matrix. Finally, the reliability of the proposed algorithm is verified by applying our code to the 3-D complex models and comparing it with the conventional finite-element method.