bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intertextuality 2.0
Authors: Gordon Cynthia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Intertextuality captures the idea that all texts and conversations—and by extension, other creations such as images—are linked to other texts and conversations (and other creations), and that people, through making and interpreting such links, construct and infer meanings. Metadiscourse, which broadly refers to discourse about discourse, captures the notion that one important function of language is to communicate about itself. While scholars have long recognized the interrelatedness of the two theoretical concepts, existing studies have tended to focus on one or the other, thus leaving underexplored the specific ways in which these phenomena are intertwined at the micro-interactional level, especially online, and for what purposes. This interactional sociolinguistic study contributes to filling this gap by demonstrating how specific intertextual linking strategies, both linguistic (e.g., word repetition, deictic pronouns) and multimodal (e.g., emojis, symbols, and GIFs), are mobilized by posters participating on weight loss discussion boards. These strategies serve as a resource to accomplish the metadiscursive activities, targeted at various levels of discourse, through which participants construct shared understandings, negotiate the group’s interactional norms, and facilitate engagement in the group’s primary shared activity: exchanging information about, and providing support in, weight loss, healthful eating, and related issues. Intertextuality 2.0 provides microanalysis of discourse in a multimodal digital discourse context, or in “discourse 2.0”; in so doing, it advocates a dual understanding of intertextuality in the sense that its companion, metadiscourse, must be elevated in studies of intertextuality if we are to fully understand its role in (contemporary digital) discourse.
Introduction
Authors: Gordon Cynthia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces this interactional sociolinguistic study of how intertextual linking strategies, both linguistic and multimodal, are mobilized in online discussion board discourse as a resource for accomplishing metadiscursive activities. These metadiscursive activities are targeted at various levels of discourse. Collectively they facilitate posters’ engagement in their community of practice and its primary shared activity: exchanging information about, and providing support in, weight loss, healthful eating, and related issues. The chapter provides a review of theories and empirical studies of intertextuality and metadiscourse, with a focus on online and other digital discourse contexts and both linguistic and multimodal studies. It describes the data set, identifies the book’s purpose as demonstrating how integrating theories of intertextuality and metadiscourse in empirical analysis is necessary to provide a full view of the scope and functionality of online intertextuality, and provides a preview of the chapters ahead.
“I fixed it for you”
Authors: Gordon Cynthia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines uses of a trope, “I fixed it for you”—also known as “I fixed that for you,” “FIFY,” or “FTFY”—in online discussion boards. This trope occurs when a prior post is adjusted in some way and commented on by another poster using one of these phrases (all of which include “fixed” or an abbreviation of it using the word’s first letter). The analysis shows how the metadiscursive activity of “fixing” fundamentally relies on intertextuality and is highly structured, occurring in a pattern described as reproduce—replace—refer—remark. The pattern relies on uses of the boards’ quotation function, textual manipulations, deictic pronouns and symbols, and “fixed.” In using the trope, posters help out other posters (such as to upload images), disagree with them, and joke or play; the trope is thereby a context for the negotiation of relationships in terms of power and solidarity.
Conclusion
Authors: Gordon Cynthia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter summarizes this book’s findings and loops back to its larger goal of illuminating how intertextuality and metadiscourse are linked both in empirical online data and theoretically. It discusses the intertextual linking strategies uncovered by this research that people draw on in engaging in metadiscourse in interactions on discussion boards. These strategies range from the very “small” and concrete (e.g., a deictic pronoun) to the quite “big” and abstract (e.g., indexing cultural beliefs), from the textual to the multimodal. It reviews the functions these metadiscursive activities serve on the boards, such as defining terms, disagreeing, joking, locking threads, solving problems, and indexing ideologies and identities. It also describes how, in investigating “intertextuality 2.0”—intertextuality in the context of “discourse 2.0” or the “discourse of Web 2.0”—this study has stitched together not only intertextuality and metadiscourse as theories, but also concepts and ideas from across disciplines and approaches to discourse.
Sanskrit Poetics through Dandin’s Looking Glass
Authors: Bronner Yigal , Cox Whitney 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter narrates the history of Sanskrit poetic theory (Alaṅkāraśāstra) from the perspective of Dandin’s Mirror of Literature (Kāvyādarśa). It begins with a brief discussion of Dandin’s predecessors and their potential influence on him. Then follows an analysis of Dandin’s reception in Kashmir, home to a series of theorists who dominated the field of poetics beginning in the eighth century. The heart of the chapter is dedicated to Dandin’s most significant commentator, the tenth-century Sinhalese Buddhist monk Ratnashrijnana. It shows how this commentator responded to and extended fundamental aspects of the Mirror such as its openness and modularity. The chapter also shows Ratnashrijnana as steeped in both the world of Sanskrit court literati and that of the Buddhist community and its literature and values. The chapter concludes by the responses to the Mirror by a host of later medieval and early modern thinkers, most significantly King Bhoja (r. ca. 1010–1055) and Appayya Dikshita (ca. 1520–1592).
Mirror on Fire
Authors: Bhum Pema , Gyatso Janet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter studies the translation and reception of Dandin’s Mirror of Literature in Tibet, and the aesthetic proclivities in early Tibetan literature that contributed to that reception. It also takes into account a certain resistance to Indic literary sensibilities in favor of vernacular Tibetan ones, a resistance that has remained salient among Tibetan literati even while the Mirror continues to have outsize impact on Tibetan poetic writing of many kinds down to the present. The chapter also considers the reception of the Mirror in Mongolia and its interaction with Mongolian indigenous writing styles. It shows some of the ways that Tibetan intellectuals, including figures as powerful as the Fifth Dalai Lama, appropriated Mirror-inspired aesthetic forms to engage in ironic political sparring, as well as to invent new categories of religious devotional experience and the nuances of soulful literary expression.
What Fundamental Factors Shape Elections?
Authors: Levendusky Matthew , Jamieson Kathleen Hall , Lance Holbert R. , Pasek Josh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the fundamental elements that shape all elections in the United States, not just the 2020 presidential contest. These fundamentals include the state of the national economy, the president’s popularity, whether the country is at war or peace, and the balance of partisanship in the US electorate. It also discusses consequential changes, such as the strengthening of partisanship and related group identity primes, that circumscribe how these fundamental factors play out in contemporary elections. The chapter also explains how partisanship and identity-protective cognition shaped our panelists’ responses to the four crises on which the book focuses.
Law and Order vs. Law and Order with Racial Justice
Authors: Pasek Josh , Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
George Floyd’s death in May 2020 sparked what may have been the nation’s largest protest movement. Although most of these protests, which centered on calls for racial justice, were peaceful, a small number featured violence and disorder. Employing alternative frames, Trump stressed law and order, whereas Biden messaged about how law and order must be coupled with racial justice. This part of the chapter, Part 1, traces these contrasting narratives, and Part 2 explores their effects. With this issue and Trump’s racialized presidency as the backdrop, we show that racial attitudes, as well as attitudes about crime and policing, played central roles in the 2020 election. We also show that residing near Kenosha, Wisconsin—a site of protests and counter-protests in August 2020—was associated with specific attitudes toward policing and civil unrest, suggesting that the geographic distribution of protests also mattered.
Interdisciplinary and Intercultural Artistic Collaboration
Authors: Rao Nancy Yunhwa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
New creativity is sparked when people collaborate in the arts, whether they be visual artists, musicians, composers, dancers, dramaturges, or actors. At their best, such collaborations put their contributors in an exalted mood, and a feeling of betterment and fulfillment. This chapter examines two types of collaborations—interdisciplinary and intercultural—in performing and visual arts, with a focus on the similarity between these two types of collaborations and the modes of human flourishing that they engender. Two case studies serve as the point of departure for conceptual and theoretical exploration. The first is the creation of a course on interdisciplinary collaboration for five departments (music, dance, theater, visual arts, and filmmaking) at the Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University. The second explores the idea of cultural merger through an analysis of an inter-Asia composition for Korean traditional ensemble by Chinese American composer Chou Wen-chung.
Playful Transcendence
Authors: Butler Melvin L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Exploring “play” and “transcendence” as complementary modalities, this chapter uncovers how music—as sound, behavior, and concept—brings the connections between these two multivalent concepts into focus. It aims to interrogate how Black music-making transcends ritual frames and accrues various meanings for audiences and “players”—especially in the face of social marginalization. Drawing on his fieldwork within African diasporic religious communities, and his professional work as a performer in sacred and secular contexts, the author reflects on the following questions: How might ethnomusicological research on Black music-making stimulate fresh thinking about what it means to flourish in ritual contexts? What can music tell us about the human capacity to experience transcendence through play, and vice versa? Under what conditions does transcendence become playful phenomenon? To what extent might scholarly work in this area constitute a form of playful transcendence?
Causation and Perception
Authors: Lascano Marcy P. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines Cavendish’s and Conway’s views on causation and perception. It argues that Cavendish identifies two distinct types of causation: occasional causation and substance transfer. It argues that Cavendish holds that nature is the only prime or principal cause in her system, and that occasional causes are necessary, and as part of the entire cause, sufficient for perception. The chapter argues that Conway also identifies two types of causation, mechanical and vital, and argues that Conway holds that the mind-body problem is resolved by the fact that bodies are moved by resistance, which is possible because spirit comes in degrees of penetrability. Finally, the chapter explicates Conway’s views on cognition and knowledge in light of her account of causation.
Internal Pathways
Authors: Chernov Hwang Julie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter is the first of two chapters highlighting the processes and pathways via which individuals join extremist groups. It explores internal pathways to entry into jihadi groups. This chapter centers mostly on the experience of members of Jemaah Islamiyah and its affiliates in Indonesia, although it also draws on members of the Maute group in the Philippines. It underscores the role of kinship ties, on the one hand, in expediting the pathway to entry into militant groups, and radical educational institutions, on the other hand. In this chapter, kinship refers to familial ties: parents, siblings, uncles, and extended family or “relatives.” Schools refer to specific radical pesantren (boarding schools), which are run by or affiliated with specific extremist groups.
Conclusion
Authors: Chernov Hwang Julie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
As individuals continue to join extremist groups, it is important to understand the processes and pathways via which they become members of such groups: what propels them to join, how they express commitment, and how they become involved in moderate- and high-risk activism. Understanding these interrelated processes is critical for designing effective counter-radicalization and disengagement efforts. The Conclusion highlights the major trends that have emerged from this book and discusses the implications of these trends for the broader study of joining extremist groups, radicalization, and terrorism in both the Muslim world and the West.
Silencing and Protest
Authors: Medina José 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 lays out the communicative approach to protest that I use in the rest of the book and lays the groundwork for the expressive and speech-act-theoretic analysis of the different dimensions of protest acts. The chapter provides an analysis of the silencing of protest and distinguishes four different kinds of silencing: pre-locutionary, locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary silencing. The account of silencing sketched in this chapter pays particular attention to those forms of silencing that are produced by defective uptake (or lack of uptake) by the audiences of protest; it is an account that will be further elaborated and complicated in later chapters through case studies. This chapter also offers a preliminary analysis of four different communicative dimensions of protest and the different kinds of silencing they can be subject to, an analysis that is further developed in the four subsequent chapters dedicated to each of the four key communicative dimensions of protest.
Whose Streets? Our Streets! The Making of a Protesting Public
Authors: Medina José 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 examines the expressive and performative power of protest as it operates at different levels: at the level of visibility, at the level of agency and self-empowerment, and at the very basic level of group constitution. This chapter sheds light on the communicative mechanism of protest as a way to secure visibility and social standing for those who have been left out from the public sphere by forms of exclusion such as detention and imprisonment, or stigmatization and intimidation through legal and paralegal means (e.g., the persecution of undocumented workers or the stigmatization of LGBTQ + people). The author’s account of the expressive-performative function of protest draws from and critically engages with W. E. B. Du Bois’ expressivist theory of protest, Hannah Arendt’s account of the political and communicative significance of having a voice and what she calls “the right to have rights,” and Judith Butler’s performative theory of assembly and what she calls “the right to appear.”
The Practice of Replenishment and Renewal
Authors: Schenck David , Neely Scott 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The body itself is one’s moral presence, and one’s most essential healing resource. The body is where moral anguish is experienced as pain and injury. This means that an essential component of getting to the other side of burnout is developing practices and skills to support the body in its work of healing others and healing itself. The foundation skills of inner attentiveness are (1) awareness and physical pain and (2) pause–center–shift. The skills that expand this core to include awareness of interactions with others are (1) listening, (2) “hot buttons”/guided imagery, (3) mirroring/breaking the circuit, and (4) from empathy to presence. The skills of focused attention taught through the exercises in this chapter provide many opportunities for learning to abide in the field of suffering and transform it into a field of healing.
The Field of Suffering Is the Field of Healing
Authors: Schenck David , Neely Scott 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The five dialogues presented in Part II invite readers to join in the continuous exploration of what healing is and how they can sustain one another as healers. These conversations were held between the author, David Schenck, and his collaborator, Scott Neely. They explore more fully skills involved in finding the other side of burnout, as well as the spiritual dimensions of the healing vocation. Dialogue allows one to practice the skills of attentive listening and apposite sharing. In dialogue, partners accompany one another into ever-evolving, ever-deepening understanding. The dialogues in Part II remind readers that the conversation continues, that learning never ends, and that they are not alone.
The Fulcrum and the Great Compassion
Authors: Schenck David , Neely Scott 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The five dialogues presented in Part II invite readers to join in the continuous exploration of what healing is and how they can sustain one another as healers. These conversations were held between the author, David Schenck, and his collaborator, Scott Neely. They explore more fully skills involved in finding the other side of burnout, as well as the spiritual dimensions of the healing vocation. Dialogue allows one to practice the skills of attentive listening and apposite sharing. In dialogue, partners accompany one another into ever-evolving, ever-deepening understanding. The dialogues in Part II remind readers that the conversation continues, that learning never ends, and that they are not alone.
Fractal Gavottes and the Ephemeral World in Bach’s Cantata 64
Authors: Marissen Michael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that Johann Sebastian Bach’s systematic disintegration, at both macro and micro levels, of a dance form in the soprano aria from his Cantata 64 was designed to highlight several main themes in a premodern Lutheran viewpoint that was continually pitted against what conservative Lutherans like him took to be the undue and indeed dangerous optimism of Enlightenment thinking: the text and music of his aria proclaim that the present world is fundamentally not good, that humanism and its attainments ultimately add up to nothing (people cannot fundamentally or reliably make the world better); and that only eternity, not problematic Time, is cast-iron (the temporal world, with its ephemeral delights, will fade away).
Do Institutions Matter? A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Cheon Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Leveraging GlobalData’s Oil and Gas eTrack database, the chapter finds evidence consistent with its argument that NOCs from democracies are less likely to invest abroad than NOCs from non-democracies. Democracy is associated with a substantively significant decrease in the incidence of NOC outward investments. Interestingly, this constraint operates more strongly in oil exporting countries than oil importing countries. The chapter also finds evidence that the number of political parties is less relevant as a predictor of NOC investments than the divergence of economic preferences between the incumbent governments and the more competitive opposition parties. Finally, the chapter finds that democracy has a negative effect on the deal value of NOC outward investments, which is substantively significant. On the other hand, the absence of a substantively robust effect for bureaucratic structure reveals limitations to the statistical analysis, such as the inability to capture the co-evolution of NOCs and bureaucratic principals and the quality of investments.
Conclusion and Implications
Authors: Cheon Andrew 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The book’s analysis yields scholarly implications. First, rather than treating state capitalist countries as a monolith, examining their institutional variation reveals strengths and limitations of state ownership. Second, though multiple principals are typically associated with greater agent autonomy, a clear line of authority can help reduce counterproductive agent behavior. It also yields policy implications. First, state capitalism is compatible with democratic governance. Opposition parties without direct access to the NOC can help keep the chief executive more accountable. Second, the improvement of NOC operational efficiency may demand more fundamental bureaucratic reorganization, as counterproductive NOC behavior often reflects the institutional landscape in which it operates. The book concludes with an application of its theory to decarbonization. To achieve decarbonization that not only helps governments meet their political objectives, but also helps NOCs ensure their longer-term commercial viability via a managed transition to renewables, the role of bureaucratic institutions will be even more crucial.
Lapland in Transformation
Authors: Begum Shahnaj 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Protecting and promoting culture in Lapland are important for sustaining the cultural well-being of the region’s older people. This population includes many Sámi, members of an Indigenous people living throughout northern Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Russia. The people have a distinctive culture and traditional way of life that have sprung from their natural surroundings and together form a unique cultural identity. Today, Lapland is in the midst of a sweeping transformation, sparked by climate change, increased mining activities, changes in sources of livelihood, the advance of digitalization, and shifts in demography. This chapter analyzes the impact of these developments on the cultural well-being of older people in the region, with a special focus on older Sámi. The study draws on interviews conducted by the author in Finnish and Swedish Lapland in 2011 and 2017. Complementing these observations are publications and media reports on Indigenous issues, as well as references to acts, conventions, policies, laws, and regulations related to the protection of Sámi culture. The challenges to traditional life in the region posed by the ongoing transformation threaten the culture and cultural identity of the individuals who call it home. The physical and mental well-being of older persons in Lapland is highly dependent on their culture and surroundings, the sustainability of which relies on the recently elaborated concept of the age-friendly environment. The results of this study will promote the well-being of aging Indigenous and other older people in Lapland.