bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of holistic assessment–based interventions in improving outcomes in adults with multiple long-term conditions and/or frailty: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Arakelyan Stella , Lone Nazir , Anand Atul , Mikula-Noble Nataysia , J Lyall Marcus , De Ferrari Luna , Mercer Stewart W. , Guthrie Bruce 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
This umbrella review will synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of holistic assessment–based interventions in improving health outcomes in adults (aged ≥18) with multiple long-term conditions and/or frailty.

Introduction:
Health systems need effective, evidence-based interventions to improve health outcomes for adults with multiple long-term conditions. Holistic assessment–based interventions are effective in older people admitted to hospital (usually called “comprehensive geriatric assessments” in that context); however, the evidence is inconclusive on whether similar interventions are effective in community settings.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include systematic reviews examining the effectiveness of community and/or hospital holistic assessment–based interventions in improving health outcomes for community-dwelling and hospitalized adults aged ≥ 18 with multiple long-term conditions and/or frailty.

Methods:
The review will follow the JBI methodology for umbrella reviews. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, ASSIA, Cochrane Library, and the TRIP Medical Database will be searched to identify reviews published in English from 2010 till the present. This will be followed by a manual search of reference lists of included reviews to identify additional reviews. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts against the selection criteria, followed by screening of full texts. Methodological quality will be assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for systematic reviews and research syntheses and data will be extracted using an adapted and piloted JBI data extraction tool. The summary of findings will be presented in tabular format, with narrative descriptions and visual indications. The citation matrix will be generated and the corrected covered area calculated to analyze the overlap in primary studies across the reviews.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42022363217
High doses of rosuvastatin induce impaired branched‐chain amino acid catabolism and lead to insulin resistance
Authors: Bai Xue , Long Xingzhen , Song Fang , Chen Baolin , Sheng Changcheng , Tang Cailin , Li Li , Zhang Jiaxing , Zhang Rui , Zhang Jiquan , Li Jiali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that patients treated with rosuvastatin have an increased risk of developing new‐onset diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we administered rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg body weight) to male C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks and found that oral rosuvastatin dramatically reduced intraperitoneal glucose tolerance. Rosuvastatin‐treated mice showed considerably higher serum levels of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) than control mice. They also showed dramatically altered expression of BCAA catabolism‐related enzymes in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, including downregulated mRNA expression of BCAT2 and protein phosphatase 2Cm (PP2Cm) and upregulated mRNA expression of branched‐chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK). The levels of BCKD in the skeletal muscle were reduced in rosuvastatin‐treated mice, which was associated with lower PP2Cm protein levels and increased BCKDK levels. We also investigated the effects of rosuvastatin and insulin administration on glucose metabolism and BCAA catabolism in C2C12 myoblasts. We observed that incubation with insulin enhanced glucose uptake and facilitated BCAA catabolism in C2C12 cells, which was accompanied by elevated Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β) phosphorylation. These effects of insulin were prevented by co‐incubation of the cells with 25 μM rosuvastatin. Moreover, the effects of insulin and rosuvastatin administration on glucose uptake and Akt and GSK3β signaling in C2C12 cells were abolished when PP2Cm was knocked down. Although the relevance of these data, obtained with high doses of rosuvastatin in mice, to therapeutic doses in humans remains to be elucidated, this study highlights a potential mechanism for the diabetogenic effects of rosuvastatin, and suggests that BCAA catabolism could be a pharmacological target for preventing the adverse effects of rosuvastatin.
Water Current Load on Arrays of Rectangular Plates
Authors: Lamei A. , Hayatdavoodi M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Water current interaction with arrays of plates is studied by use of the computational fluid dynamics focusing on hydrokinetic energy production applications. Various configurations of arrays of equidistant rectangular plates are considered. The velocity and the pressure fields around an array of plates are determined, and the forces on individual plates are computed and compared with the empirical relations. It is found that the current-induced force on the leading plate in the array is substantially different from those on the downstream plates, which may experience negative forces, due to the change of the flow field. In three parametric studies, the effect of plate spacing, the number of plates, and the relative water depth on the current-induced forces is investigated. It is shown that the relative size of the plates and the number of plates in an array play a significant role on the current-induced loads. Finally, the relative direction of the plates and the incoming flow is changed, and its effect on the hydrodynamic forces on the plates is studied in a three-dimensional computational tank. The current loads on an oriented set of plates is shown to be remarkably different, when compared with those perpendicular to the current direction. It is concluded that the current-induced loads on an array of plates cannot be estimated by empirical relations, and specific computations, similar to those shown here, or laboratory experiments are required to investigate the current loads.
Stochastic Performance of Journal Bearing With Two-Layered Porous Bush—A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Barman Subrata , Gupta Kritesh Kumar , Kushari Subrata , Dey Sudip 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This investigation presents the deterministic and stochastic responses of the journal bearing with a two-layered porous bush. Pressure equations in the porous layers and modified Reynolds equations in the clearance region are governed by the finite difference method (FDM). Stochastic analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is used to investigate the effect of random variation in input parameters caused by uncertain operating conditions, improper installations, and manufacturing imperfections. In order to enhance computational efficiency, this probabilistic study is conducted in conjunction with the machine learning (ML) model based on the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The uncertainty in the bearing responses is presented in the form of the probability density function (PDF), considering both the independent and combined effect of the stochastically varied input parameters. Graphical illustration of the data-driven sensitivity represents the relative significance of each input parameter affecting the steady-state responses of the journal bearing with two-layered porous bush. The findings of the present study reveal that the stochastic variations in the input parameters have a profound influence on the operational characteristics of the porous bearing. The outcome of the present study will be helpful in deciding the operational regime of the porous bearing under the practically relevant stochastic environment.
Device-Measured Change in Physical Activity in Primary School Children During the UK COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Scales James , Chavda Jasmine , Ikeda Erika , Tsocheva Ivelina , Dove Rosamund E. , Wood Helen E. , Kalsi Harpal , Colligan Grainne , Griffiths Lewis , Day Bill , Crichlow Cheryll , Keighley Amanda , Fletcher Monica , Newby Chris , Tomini Florian , Balkwill Fran , Mihaylova Borislava , Grigg Jonathan , Beevers Sean , Eldridge Sandra , Sheikh Aziz , Gauderman James , Kelly Frank , Randhawa Gurch , Mudway Ian S. , van Sluijs Esther , Griffiths Christopher J. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Lockdown measures, including school closures, due to the COVID-19 pandemic have caused widespread disruption to children’s lives. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of a national lockdown on children’s physical activity using seasonally matched accelerometry data. Methods: Using a pre/post observational design, 179 children aged 8 to 11 years provided physical activity data measured using hip-worn triaxial accelerometers worn for 5 consecutive days prepandemic and during the January to March 2021 lockdown. Multilevel regression analyses adjusted for covariates were used to assess the impact of lockdown on time spent in sedentary and moderate to vigorous physical activity. Results: A 10.8-minute reduction in daily time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (standard error: 2.3 min/d, P < .001) and a 33.2-minute increase in daily sedentary activity (standard error: 5.5 min/d, P < .001) were observed during lockdown. This reflected a reduction in daily moderate to vigorous physical activity for those unable to attend school (−13.1 [2.3] min/d, P < .001) during lockdown, with no significant change for those who continued to attend school (0.4 [4.0] min/d, P < .925). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the loss of in-person schooling was the single largest impact on physical activity in this cohort of primary school children in London, Luton, and Dunstable, United Kingdom.
Supplemental Material: Thermal architecture of the Salmon River suture zone, Idaho, USA: Implications for the structural evolution of a ductile accretionary complex during arc-continent collision
Authors: Long Sean P. , al. et 
Published: May 2023

<p>Consists of text that provides details on analytical methods for collection of Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material (RSCM) thermometry, as well as two tables of supporting data for RSCM analyses. </p>
Repeatability and reproducibility of a new fully automatic measurement optical low coherence reflectometry biometer and agreement with swept-source optical coherence tomography-based biometer
Authors: Yu Jinjin , Zhao Guoli , Lei Chak Seng , Wan Ting , Ning Rui , Xing Wenqian , Ma Xindi , Pan Hongxian , Savini Giacomo , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Zhou Xingtao , Huang Jinhai 
Published: May 2023

AimsTo assess the repeatability and reproducibility of the ocular measurements obtained with the Suoer SW-9000 μm Plus, a new fully automatic biometer based on optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) biometer, and to compare them to those obtained by a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)-based biometer.MethodsThis prospective study consisted of 115 eyes of 115 healthy subjects. The measurements were taken by the two optical biometers in random order. The measured parameters were axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AQD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), mean keratometry (Km), lens thickness (LT) and corneal diameter (CD). To evaluate the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility, the within-subject SD, test–retest variability, coefficient of variation (CoV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were adopted. The Bland-Altman plot was drawn to assess the agreement.ResultsThe repeatability and reproducibility of all parameters for the new device were excellent (ICC>0.960 and CoV<0.71%). The Bland-Altman plots showed high agreement between the OLCR-based and SS-OCT-based devices for AL, CCT, AQD, ACD, Km and LT, with narrow 95% limit of agreements (LoAs) (−0.08 mm to 0.06 mm, −15.91 µm to −1.01 µm, −0.09 mm to 0.09 mm, −0.09 mm to 0.08 mm, −0.47 D to 0.35 D, −0.05 mm to 0.16 mm, respectively) and moderate agreement for CD (95% LoA: −0.67 mm to −0.01 mm).ConclusionsThe new Suoer SW-9000 μm Plus biometer showed excellent repeatability and reproducibility. All the parameters obtained by this biometer were similar to those measured by SS-OCT-based biometer.
Association of early life physical and sexual abuse with premature mortality among female nurses: prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Yi-Xin , Sun Yang , Missmer Stacey A , Rexrode Kathryn M , Roberts Andrea L , Chavarro Jorge E , Rich-Edwards Janet W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
To explore associations between early life physical and sexual abuse and subsequent risk of premature mortality (death before age 70 years).

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Setting
The Nurses’ Health Study II (2001-19).

Participants
67 726 female nurses aged 37-54 years when completing a violence victimization questionnaire in 2001.

Main outcome measures
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for total and cause specific premature mortality by childhood or adolescent physical and sexual abuse, estimated by multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

2410 premature deaths were identified over 18 years of follow-up. Nurses who experienced severe physical abuse or forced sexual activity in childhood and adolescence had a higher crude premature mortality rate than nurses without such abuse in childhood or adolescence (3.15
v
1.83 and 4.00
v
1.90 per 1000 person years, respectively). The corresponding age adjusted hazard ratios for premature deaths were 1.65 (95% confidence interval 1.45 to 1.87) and 2.04 (1.71 to 2.44), respectively, which were materially unchanged after further adjusting for personal characteristics and early life socioeconomic status (1.53, 1.35 to 1.74, and 1.80, 1.50 to 2.15, respectively). Cause specific analyses indicated that severe physical abuse was associated with a greater risk of mortality due to external causes of injury and poisoning (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio 2.81, 95% confidence interval 1.62 to 4.89), suicide (3.05, 1.41 to 6.60), and diseases of the digestive system (2.40, 1.01 to 5.68). Forced sexual activity as a child and adolescent was associated with greater risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease (2.48, 1.37 to 4.46), external injury or poisoning (3.25, 1.53 to 6.91), suicide (4.30, 1.74 to 10.61), respiratory disease (3.74, 1.40 to 9.99), and diseases of the digestive system (4.83, 1.77 to 13.21). The association of sexual abuse with premature mortality was stronger among women who smoked or had higher levels of anxiety during adulthood. Smoking, low physical activity, anxiety, and depression each explained 3.9-22.4% of the association between early life abuse and premature mortality.

Conclusion
Early life physical and sexual abuse could be associated with a greater risk of adult premature mortality.
Risk of malignant lymphomas in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Yu Jingru , Refsum Erle , Wieszczy Paulina , Helsingen Lise M , Perrin Vera , Högdén Amanda , Løberg Magnus , Blom Johannes , Bretthauer Michael , Adami Hans-Olov , Ye Weimin , Kalager Mette 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).DesignWe undertook a two-country population cohort study with all patients diagnosed with IBD in Norway and Sweden from 1987 and 1993 through 2015 and 2016, respectively, and analysed the risk of NHL and HL. In Sweden, we also analysed prescriptions of thiopurines and anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy from 2005. We calculated standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% CIs using the general populations as reference.ResultsAmong 131 492 patients with IBD with a medium follow-up of 9.6 years, we identified 369 cases of NHL and 44 cases of HL. The SIR of NHL was 1.3 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.5) in ulcerative colitis and 1.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.7) in Crohn’s disease. We found no compelling heterogeneity in analyses stratified by patient characteristics. We found a similar pattern and magnitude of excess risks for HL. At 10 years, cumulative incidence was 0.26% (95% CI 0.23% to 0.30%) and 0.06% (95% CI 0.04% to 0.08%) for NHL and HL, respectively. Higher excess risks were found among patients with NHL with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (SIR 3.4; 95% CI 2.1 to 5.2) and in those prescribed thiopurines alone (SIR 2.8; 95% CI 1.4 to 5.7) or with anti-TNF-α agents (SIR 5.7; 95% CI 2.7 to 11.9).ConclusionPatients with IBD have a statistically significant increased risk of malignant lymphomas compared with the general population, but the absolute risk remains low.
Process of drug registration in Israel: the correlation between the number of discussions within the Ministry of Health and postapproval variations by EMA and/or FDA
Authors: Hiayev Stephany , Shacham-Shmueli Einat , Berkovitch Matitiahu , Weiss Ilana , Ashkenazi Shai , Vexberg Michal Hirsch , Hershkowitz Rami , Gorelik Einat , Mayan Haim , Steinmetz Yehudit , Yanai Noa Berar , Schlissel Orly , Azem Muhammad , Gutgold Neriya , Shulman Katerina , Divinsky Milly , Yarom Nirit , Vishkautzan Alla , Ganzel Chezi , Gatt Moshe E , Arcavi Lidia , Marom Eli , Uziely Biatrice , Zevin Shoshana , Meirow Hadar , Luxenburg Osnat , Ainbinder Denize 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesUS FDA and EMA allow facilitated regulatory pathways to expedite access to new treatments. Limited supportive data may result in major postapproval variations. In Israel, partly relying on Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), clinical data are reviewed independently by the Advisory Committee of Drug Registration (ACDR). In this study, the correlation between the number of discussions at the ACDR and major postapproval variations is examined.DesignThis is an observational retrospective comparative cohort study.SettingApplications with FDA and/or EMA approval at time of assessment in Israel were included. The timeframe was chosen to allow a minimum of 3 years of postmarketing approval experience for potential major label variations. Data regarding the number of discussions at ACDR were extracted from protocols. Data on postapproval major variations were extracted from the FDA and EMA websites.ResultsBetween 2014 and 2016, 226 (176 drugs) applications, met the study criteria. 198 (87.6%) and 28 (12.4%) were approved following single and multiple discussions, respectively. A major postapproval variation was recorded in 129 (65.2%) compared with 23 (82.1%) applications approved following single and multiple discussions, respectively (p=0.002). Increased risk for major variation was found for medicines approved following multiple discussions (HR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.09) with a median time of 1.2 years, applications approved based on phase II trials (HR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.72 to 3.87), surrogate endpoints (HR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.44 to 2.74) and oncologic indications (HR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.78 to 3.45).ConclusionsMultiple ACDR discussions associated with limited supportive data are predictive for major postapproval variations. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that approval by the FDA and/or EMA does not pave the way to automatic approval in Israel. In a substantial per cent of the cases, submission of the same clinical data resulted in different safety and efficacy considerations, requiring additional supporting data in some cases or even rejection of the application in others.
Reporting of adverse events associated with spinal manipulation in randomised clinical trials: an updated systematic review
Authors: Gorrell Lindsay M , Brown Benjamin T , Engel Roger , Lystad Reidar P 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo describe if there has been a change in the reporting of adverse events associated with spinal manipulation in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) since 2016.DesignA systematic literature review.Data sourcesDatabases were searched from March 2016 to May 2022: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, CINAHL, ICL, PEDro and Cochrane Library. The following search terms and their derivatives were adapted for each platform: spinal manipulation; chiropractic; osteopathy; physiotherapy; naprapathy; medical manipulation and clinical trial.MethodsDomains of interest (pertaining to adverse events) included: completeness and location of reporting; nomenclature and description; spinal location and practitioner delivering manipulation; methodological quality of the studies and details of the publishing journal. Frequencies and proportions of studies reporting on each of these domains were calculated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to examine the effect of potential predictors on the likelihood of studies reporting on adverse events.ResultsThere were 5399 records identified by the electronic searches, of which 154 (2.9%) were included in the analysis. Of these, 94 (61.0%) reported on adverse events with only 23.4% providing an explicit description of what constituted an adverse event. Reporting of adverse events in the abstract has increased (n=29, 30.9%) while reporting in the results section has decreased (n=83, 88.3%) over the past 6 years. Spinal manipulation was delivered to 7518 participants in the included studies. No serious adverse events were reported in any of these studies.ConclusionsWhile the current level of reporting of adverse events associated with spinal manipulation in RCTs has increased since our 2016 publication on the same topic, the level remains low and inconsistent with established standards. As such, it is imperative for authors, journal editors and administrators of clinical trial registries to ensure there is more balanced reporting of both benefits and harms in RCTs involving spinal manipulation.
Area-based comparison of risk factors and testing rates to improve sexual health care access: cross-sectional population-based study in a Dutch multicultural area
Authors: Twisk Denise E. , Meima Abraham , Richardus Jan Hendrik , Götz Hannelore M. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesAreas with high sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing rates may not require additional strategies to improve testing. However, it may be necessary to intervene in areas with elevated STI risk, but with low STI testing rates. We aimed to compare STI-related risk profiles and STI testing rates by geographical area to determine areas for improvement of sexual healthcare access.DesignCross-sectional population-based study.SettingGreater Rotterdam area, the Netherlands (2015–2019).ParticipantsAll residents aged 15–45 years. Individual population-based register data were matched with laboratory-based STI testing data of general practitioners (GPs) and the only sexual health centre (SHC).Outcome measuresPostal code (PC) area-specific STI risk scores (based on age, migratory background, education level and urbanisation), STI testing rates and STI positivity.ResultsThe study area consists of approximately 500 000 residents aged 15–45 years. Strong spatial variation in STI testing, STI positivity and STI risk was observed. PC area testing rate ranged from 5.2 to 114.9 tests per 1000 residents. Three PC clusters were identified based on STI risk and testing rate: (1) high–high; (2) high–low; (3) low, independently of testing rate. Clusters 1 and 2 had comparable STI-related risk and STI positivity, but the testing rate differed greatly (75.8 vs 33.2 per 1000 residents). Multivariable logistic regression analysis with generalised estimating equation was used to compare residents in cluster 1 and cluster 2. Compared with cluster 1, residents in cluster 2 more often did not have a migratory background, lived in less urbanised areas with higher median household income, and more distant from both GP and SHC.ConclusionThe determinants associated with individuals living in areas with high STI-related risk scores and low testing rates provide leads for improvement of sexual healthcare access. Opportunities for further exploration include GP education, community-based testing and service (re)allocation.