bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining fungal profiles associated at different stages of disease development and confirmation of pathogenicity for deducing aetiology of rough bark disease of cinnamon
Authors: Tharangani H. D. A. , De Costa D. M. , Jayasinghe G. G. , Ananda E. H. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRough bark disease (RBD) damages the peel of cinnamon (Cinnamommum zeylanicum), the economically important part of the plant. A total of 405 plant samples representing four distinct symptom development stages of RBD were collected from five cinnamon‐growing districts of Sri Lanka. Epiphytic and endophytic fungi dwelling on different tissues of the stems were isolated using another set of healthy and RBD‐infected plants. Different tissues of healthy and RBD‐infected stems representing the symptom development stages and districts of cinnamon cultivation resulted in a total of 2432 fungal isolates. Fungal profiles associated with different stem tissues in healthy and RBD‐infected plants during the pathogenesis were determined by colony and spore morphology of isolated fungal isolates and DNA sequencing of PCR products by ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Pathogenicity was tested using consistently associated 138 isolates on detached stem pieces. Subsequently, field‐grown plants were inoculated with three highly virulent isolates among the 138 isolates. Pestalotiopsis, Colletotrichum, Botryodiplodia, and Phomopsis were the core fungal genera in the four symptom development stages with a varying abundance. The four genera were infectious having different degrees of virulence in terms of lesion development on stems. Composition and relative abundance of fungal profiles were compared in different stem tissues of healthy and RBD‐infected plants at distinct symptom development stages. Results revealed the presence of a core fungal genera in both healthy and RBD‐infected plants but a fluctuation of their abundance among different tissues and symptom development stages. RBD can be deduced as a complex fungal disease than a unimicrobial infection.
Association of folate concentrations with clinical signs and laboratory markers of chronic enteropathy in dogs
Authors: Ullal Tarini V. , Marks Stanley L. , Huebner Sara N. , Taylor Sandra L. , Shelley Courtney D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSerum folate is considered a biomarker of chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs, but few studies have examined associations with markers of CE.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate serum folate concentrations in dogs with and without CE and associations with sample hemolysis and selected markers of CE. We hypothesized that hypofolatemia would be more common in dogs with CE and associated with hypocobalaminemia, higher CIBDAI, and hypoalbuminemia.AnimalsSix hundred seventy‐three dogs with available serum folate measurements performed at an academic veterinary hospital between January 2016 and December 2019.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed to categorize cases as CE or non‐CE and record clinical details and laboratory markers. Relationships between serum folate, cobalamin, and CE variables were assessed using chi‐square, Kruskal‐Wallis, or Spearman's correlation tests.ResultsOf the 673 dogs, 99 CE were compared to 95 non‐CE. In the overall cohort, serum folate concentration did not correlate with sample hemolysis (P = .75). In the CE subset, serum folate and cobalamin concentrations were positively associated (rho = 0.34, FDR = 0.02). However, serum folate concentrations (median [25th, 75th percentiles]) were higher (CE: 12.1 (8.9, 16.1), non‐CE: 10.4 (7.2, 15.5);P = .04) and cobalamin concentrations were lower (CE: 343 (240, 597), non‐CE: 550 (329, 749);P = .001) in the CE vs non‐CE group. Serum folate was not associated with markers of CE, but serum cobalamin was associated with albumin (P = .04) and cholesterol (P = .03).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHypofolatemia is an inferior biomarker of CE compared to hypocobalaminemia.
State history and political instability: The disadvantage of early state development
Authors: Vu Trung V. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article hypothesizes and empirically establishes that statehood experience, accumulated over a period of up to six millennia, lies at the deep roots of the spatial distribution of political instability across non‐European countries. Using the state history index measured between 3,500 BCE and 2000 CE, I consistently obtain precise estimates that long‐standing states outside Europe, relative to their newly established counterparts, are characterized by greater political uncertainty. I postulate that a very long duration of state experience impeded the transplantation of inclusive political institutions by European colonizers, which would eventually become central to shaping countries' ability to establish politically stable regimes outside Europe. The core findings place emphasis on the long‐term legacy of early state development for contemporary political instability.
Immune genotypes, immune responses, and survival in a wild bird population
Authors: Nelson‐Flower Martha J. , Grieves Leanne A. , Reid Jane M. , Germain Ryan R. , Lazic Savo , Taylor Sabrina S. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Elizabeth A. , Arcese Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndividuals vary in their immune genotype, inbreeding coefficientf, immune responses, survival to adulthood, and adult longevity. However, whether immune genes predict survival or longevity, whether such relationships are mediated through immune responses, and howfaffects immune genotype remain unclear. We use a wild song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population in which survival to adulthood, adult longevity, andfwere measured precisely, and in which immune responses have previously been assessed. We investigate four toll‐like receptor (TLR) and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class IIB exon 2 genes. We test whether immune genes predict fitness (survival to adulthood or adult longevity); whether immune genes predict immune response; whether immune response predicts fitness and whether fitness, immune responses, or immune genotypes are correlated withf. We find that survival to adulthood is not associated with immune gene variation, but adult longevity is decreased by high MHC allele diversity (especially in birds that were relatively outbred), and by the presence of a specific MHC supertype. Immune responses were affected by specific immune genotypes. Survival to adulthood and adult longevity were not predicted by immune response, implying caution in the use of immune response as a predictor for fitness. We also found no relationship betweenfand immune genotype. This finding indicates that immune gene associations with longevity and immune response are not artefacts off, and suggests that pathogen‐mediated selection at functional loci can slow the loss of genetic variation arising from genetic drift and small population size.
Chemical ecology of Himalayan eggplant variety's antixenosis: identification of geraniol as an oviposition deterrent against the eggplant shoot and fruit borer
Authors: Ghosh Rituparna , Metze Dennis , Sant Surhud , Shaikh Maroof , Deshpande Ashish , Firake Dnyaneshwar M. , Pandit Sagar 
Published: March 2023

Summary

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) suffers severe losses due to a multi‐insecticide‐resistant lepidopteran pest, shoot and fruit borer (SFB, Leucinodes orbonalis). Heavy and combinatorial application of pesticides for SFB control renders eggplant risky for human consumption. We observed that gravid SFB females do not oviposit on Himalayan eggplant variety RC‐RL‐22 (RL22). We hypothesized that RL22 contained an antixenosis factor.

Females' behavior indicated that the RL22 cue they perceived was olfactory. To identify it, leaf volatile blends of seven eggplant varieties were profiled using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Seven RL22‐specific compounds were detected in the plant headspace. In choice assays, oviposition deterrence efficacies of these candidate compounds were independently tested by their foliar application on SFB‐susceptible varieties. Complementation of geraniol, which was exclusively found in RL22, reduced oviposition (> 90%). To validate geraniol's role in RL22's SFB‐deterrence, we characterized RL22's geraniol synthase and silenced its gene in planta, using virus‐induced gene silencing. Geraniol biosynthesis suppression rendered RL22 SFB‐susceptible; foliar geraniol application on the geraniol synthase‐silenced plants restored oviposition deterrence.

We infer that geraniol is RL22's SFB oviposition deterrent. The use of natural compounds like geraniol, which influence the chemical ecology of oviposition, can reduce the load of hazardous synthetic larvicides.
Eating disorder risk during behavioral weight management in adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Jebeile Hiba , Libesman Sol , Melville Hannah , Low‐wah Timothy , Dammery Genevieve , Seidler Anna L. , Jones Rebecca A. , McMaster Caitlin M. , Paxton Susan J. , Hill Andrew J. , Ahern Amy L. , Garnett Sarah P. , Braet Caroline , Wilfley Denise E. , Baur Louise A. , Lister Natalie B. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis systematic review examined change in eating disorder risk during weight management interventions. Four databases and clinical trials registries were searched in March and May 2022, respectively, to identify behavioral weight management intervention trials in adults with overweight/obesity measuring eating disorder symptoms at pre‐ and post‐intervention or follow‐up. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted examining within group change in risk. Of 12,023 screened, 49 were eligible (n = 6337, mean age range 22.1 to 59.9 years, mean (SD) 81(20.4)% female). Interventions ranged from 4 weeks to 18 months, with follow‐up of 10 weeks to 36 months post‐intervention. There was a within group reduction in global eating disorder scores (20 intervention arms; Hedges' g = −0.27; 95% CI −0.36, −0.17; I2 67.1%) and binge eating (49 intervention arms; −0.66; 95% CI −0.76, −0.56; I2 82.7%) post‐intervention, both maintained at follow‐up. Of 14 studies reporting prevalence or episodes of binge eating, all reported a reduction. Four studies reported eating disorder symptoms, not present at baseline, in a subset of participants (0%–6.5%). Overall, behavioral weight management interventions do not increase eating disorder symptoms for most adults; indeed, a modest reduction is seen post‐intervention and follow‐up. A small subset of participants may experience disordered eating; therefore, monitoring for the emergence of symptoms is important.
Person‐centred care competence and person‐centred care climate described by nurses in older people's long‐term care—A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Pakkonen Mari , Stolt Minna , Edvardsson David , Pasanen Miko , Suhonen Riitta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerson‐centred care requires that nurses are competent in this approach to care. There may be an association between person‐centred care competence and person‐centred care climate, but it has not been demonstrated in the literature. This is the justification for the survey study to gain staff's perceptions of such a relationship.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse the levels and associations between person‐centred care competence and the person‐centred care climate as assessed by professional nurses in long‐term care settings for older people.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional survey design with cluster sampling was used to recruit professional nurses of different levels from six long‐term care institutions for older people. Data were collected using the Patient‐centred Care Competency scale (PCC) and the Person‐centred Climate Questionnaire staff version (PCQ‐S) in September 2021 and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThe mean score on the PCC was rated at a good level of 3.80 (SD 0.45), and the PCQ‐S was rated at a good level of 3.87 (SD 0.53). The correlation between PCC and PCQ‐S total scores (r = .37, p < .001) indicated that person‐centred care competence and person‐centred care climate were associated. No associations were detected between nurses’ educational levels and PCC (p = .19) or PCQ‐S (p = .13) or in terms of age or work experience.ConclusionsThe results provide insights into competence and climate levels of person‐centred care and preliminary evidence of an association between nurses’ assessed competence in person‐centred care and the perceived person‐centred care climate in long‐term care. Nurses’ individual characteristics did not appear to affect the level of person‐centred care competence or climate. In the future professional nurses of different levels could benefit from effective continuing education in person‐centred care. This study design serving for the future intervention study registered to the ClinicalTrials.goc NCT04833153
Retrospective review of the effectiveness of orthokeratology versus soft peripheral defocus contact lenses for myopia management in an academic setting
Authors: Skidmore Kelsea V. , Tomiyama Erin S. , Rickert Martin E. , Richdale Kathryn , Kollbaum Pete 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the relative efficacy of peripheral defocus contact lenses (PDCLs) and orthokeratology (OK) in a real‐world clinical population, and compare these results with previous randomised controlled clinical trials.MethodsRecords from a university practice were reviewed to identify children who were treated with OK or PDCLs. The analysed sample contained 273 visits from 77 patients. Annualised rates of axial length (AL) progression were calculated and used as the response variable in both linear mixed‐effects (LME) and nonlinear regression models.ResultsOn average, children were 10.7 years of age at baseline (p = 0.14 between treatments), and most patients were female. More Asian children wore OK lenses compared with PDCLs (p < 0.01). At baseline, children had ~3.00 D of myopia and 0.75 D of astigmatism in both treatment groups (p > 0.20 between treatments). LME regression models using only baseline covariates showed no evidence that the annualised change in AL differed between treatments, with or without the inclusion of age, race, sex, baseline AL or spherical equivalent refractive error. Across all possible subsets of models, age at baseline was the best predictor of annualised AL change. There was no statistical difference between parameters of an exponential decay model fitted within treatment using follow‐up age as a time‐varying predictor, indicating that the rate of annualised change in AL was similar for OK and PDCL.ConclusionsRetrospective analysis of real‐world clinical data found no difference in annualised AL growth between PDCL and OK. Importantly, the AL progression from this clinical setting is consistent with that reported in randomised clinical trials. Therefore, continued research of real‐world performance is warranted to understand the safety and efficacy of modern myopia control treatments in the broader population.
Change in Fertility Intentions in the First Year of COVID‐19: Evidence from Four Countries in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Zimmerman Linnea A. , Karp Celia , Komuro Naomi , Akilimali Pierre , Zakirai Musa Sani , OlaOlorun Funmilola , Moreau Caroline , Anglewicz Philip , Gummerson Elizabeth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that women in high‐income countries desired to delay or forgo childbearing due to COVID‐19, yet there remains insufficient evidence of COVID‐19's impact on fertility desires in low‐ and middle‐income countries, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We examined how quantum and tempo of fertility intentions changed in the first year of COVID‐19 and assessed the impact of economic insecurity and sociodemographic characteristics on these changes in SSA. We used longitudinal data collected among 14,053 women from Kenya, Burkina Faso, two provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa and Kongo Central), and two states in Nigeria (Kano and Lagos). Descriptive analyses and logistic regression examined overall changes and economic and sociodemographic factors associated with quantum and tempo shifts. At the population‐level, most women remained stable in their fertility intentions throughout the first year of COVID‐19. Despite widespread income loss, few women reported that COVID‐19 influenced their near‐term childbearing intentions. However, among women who changed their intentions in Burkina Faso and Kenya, income loss was associated with transitions toward wanting to delay or limit childbearing, particularly among the poorest women. These findings underscore the importance of accounting for context when anticipating the consequences of public health emergencies on fertility.
Smart navigation via strategic communications in a mixed autonomous paradigm
Authors: Chen Yonghui , Xu Ailing , He Qiao‐Chu , Chen Ying‐Ju 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMotivated by the emerging mixed autonomous paradigm in cobotic order picking operations, we investigate the optimal information design to navigate human workers (HWs) who cooperate with autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) within an intralogistics system. We incorporate asymmetric information between AMRs and HWs in a routing game where connected AMRs are informed of the congestion state while HWs rely on information provided by the system. The system designs a communication policy aiming to navigate HWs away from congestion. Without strategic communications, we show that the deployment of AMRs cannot mitigate congestion unless the automation level reaches a threshold. Interestingly, we illustrate a substitution effect between automation and strategic communications when information distortion is mild. In contrast, severe information distortion complements automation due to exacerbated congestion. Furthermore, an in‐house AMR fleet is economically more efficient than a third‐party logistics service. Consequently, in‐house automation can be achieved with mild information distortion, while severe information distortion is required to complement the lack of efficiency in the third‐party AMR fleet. With simulated numerical examples to complement the analytical results, we provide managerial insights concerning the optimal information policies under different levels of automation, guiding warehouse managers in their communications with workers to achieve the best performance of the cobotic system.
Reproductive performance of European‐breed ewes in different seasons of the year under mid‐latitude
Authors: Heinzen Bruna Cristina , Weber Saulo Henrique , Milczewski Viviane , Maia Dhéri , Kozicki Luiz Ernandes , Sotomaior Cristina Santos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study evaluated the reproductive performance of Ile de France, Texel, Suffolk and crossbred ewes in different seasons, considering season of mating, age, body condition score and breed. The herd was located at geographic coordinates −25.66114429 S, −49.27262198 W, in Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná State, southern Brazil, in a semi‐intensive system. 643 mating were evaluated, under natural oestrous conditions in 10 consecutive breeding seasons (2015–2019), under a body condition score between 2.5 and 3.5 in 93.9%. Data were analysed using Chi‐square tests, binary logistic regression, ANOVA and t‐test. Considering the breeds and crossbred animals, a pregnancy rate (PR) of 83% (winter), 91% (autumn) and 89% (summer) with no differences between them was obtained, except for 77% PR in spring (p < .05). Ile de France and crossbred ewes showed similar PR in all four seasons. Suffolk ewes showed similar fertility rates in summer, autumn and winter, but reduced in spring (p < .05); Texel ewes showed lower PR in summer and spring compared to autumn and winter (p < .05). The twin PR (TPR) in autumn, winter and spring showed no differences, except for summer (p < .05). Age did not influence the PR of ewes <2 years, 2–8 years and >8 years in the seasons, except in summer. It was concluded that the reproduction of European ewes breeds under medium latitude, combined with the use of constant management and feeding conditions, resulted in a fertility rate above 77% in all seasons, resulting in constant production of lambs.
Stories of a long life with HIV: A qualitative study of a narrative intervention
Authors: Jess Mia , Nielsen Steen Peter , Rasmussen Annette , Skov‐Pedersen Jytte , Timm Helle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe dominant story of HIV in Denmark portrays HIV as compatible with a nearly normal life. International research on the experiences of elderly people diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the 1980s to mid‐1990s challenges this narrative.AimsTo gain knowledge on the experiences of elderly long‐term survivors of HIV in Denmark and to evaluate if a narrative intervention ‘giving voice’ to this specific group was experienced as improving their quality of life.MethodsIn collaboration with relevant stakeholders, we developed a narrative intervention at REHPA, the Danish Knowledge Centre for Rehabilitation and Palliative Care focusing on the experiences and stories of people having lived a long life with HIV. Nineteen women and men living with HIV were included in the study. The intervention's evaluation design was based on ethnographic fieldwork that included participant observation and focus group interviews. The qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsThe findings show that the dominant story on HIV does not adequately cover the experiences of elderly Danes who have lived a long life with HIV. The participants continue to suffer from late complications and physical, existential, emotional and social challenges. The narrative intervention helped improve how participants experienced their quality of life.ConclusionLong‐term elderly Danish survivors diagnosed with HIV in the 1980s to mid‐1990s suffer from complex symptoms and problems related to living their lives with HIV and treatment. They found that telling and sharing their life stories with other people with HIV gave them a sense of coherence, meaning and direction in life.RelevanceThe study documents the experiences of a group of long‐term survivors of HIV in Denmark, making it relevant for organisations supporting people with HIV and for health care professionals working with this group. Furthermore, the study adds to the knowledge base on the use of narrative methods in rehabilitation.