bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Career optimism and job‐related well‐being of Australian nurses during COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Almeida Shamika , Gunasekara Asanka , Wilson Valerie , Middleton Rebekkah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAustralia has been confronted with a severe nursing deficit, making it difficult to maintain a strong healthcare workforce capable of meeting the mounting demands of healthcare organizations.AimsThis study aimed to understand how personal and organizational resources influence career optimism and job‐related affective well‐being of Australian nurses during a pandemic using the Conservation of Resource Theory.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was emailed to 123 Australian nurses from January to February 2021. The survey consisted of self‐reported measures, including mindfulness, career optimism, job‐related affective well‐being, personal and job resources measures, and the Dirty Dozen scale. Correlations, independent sample t‐test, and a series of hierarchical regressions were conducted on the cross‐sectional data with SPSS Version 27. The STROBE checklist was used to report the results.ResultsFindings suggested that mindfulness, perceived supervisor support, and job autonomy were significant predictors of job‐related well‐being, whereas mindfulness, perceived supervisor support, and opportunities for professional growth contributed more to career optimism of nurses during a health crisis. Male nurses in this study reported significantly higher mindfulness, career optimism, and job‐related well‐being levels than female nurses.Linking Evidence to ActionDeveloping mindfulness among nurses, allocating organizational resources to facilitate more supervisor support, and providing job autonomy may enhance career optimism and job‐related well‐being of nursing staff who work in disruptive and high‐demand work environments such as those experienced during the COVID‐19 health crisis. Supervisors should also facilitate and encourage nurses to reflect and be mindful of their behaviors with their peers and patients which can help to reduce exploitative or arrogant behaviors in the workplace.
Changes in mammary function at the onset of lactation in the goat: correlation with hormonal changes*
Authors: Davis A. J. , Fleet I. R. , Goode Jane A. , Hamon Maureen H. , Walker Felicity M. Maule , Peaker M. 
Published: August 2023

1. Changes in mammary function and plasma hormone concentrations during late pregnancy and the onset of lactation have been studied in conscious goats.2. Mammary blood flow, oxygen consumption and glucose uptake increased markedly and significantly between 2 days and 0·5‐1 day pre‐partum.3. The increase in mammary glucose uptake was relatively greater than that of oxygen consumption or blood flow.4. The concentration of citrate in mammary secretion increased; the first significant change was apparent 0·5‐1 day pre‐partum but the main rise occurred after this time.5. It is concluded that the marked increase in mammary glucose uptake 0·5‐1 day before parturition indicates the time of onset of copious milk secretion.6. The first significant increase in the concentration of unconjugated oestrogens in arterial plasma occurred 3 days pre‐partum, whereas the first significant decrease in progesterone and increase in 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐oxoprostaglandin F2α occurred 0·5‐1 day pre‐partum, thus coinciding with the mammary changes; there was also a peak in prolactin concentrations at the latter time.7. The hormonal changes are discussed in relation to current concepts of the initiation of parturition and the onset of copious milk secretion in this species. It is suggested that the fall in plasma progesterone concentrations triggers milk secretion at high rates.
The choline-binding proteins PspA, PspC, and LytA of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
and their interaction with human endothelial and red blood cells
Authors: Vilhena Cláudia , Du Shanshan , Battista Miriana , Westermann Martin , Kohler Thomas , Hammerschmidt Sven , Zipfel Peter F. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus pneumoniae
is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that can colonize the upper respiratory tract. It is a leading cause of a wide range of infectious diseases, including community-acquired pneumonia and meningitis. Pneumococcal infections cause 1–2 million deaths per year, most of which occur in developing countries. Here, we focused on three choline-binding proteins (CBPs), i.e., PspC, PspA, and LytA. These pneumococcal proteins have different surface-exposed regions but share related choline-binding anchors. These surface-exposed pneumococcal proteins are in direct contact with host cells and have diverse functions. We explored the role of the three CBPs on adhesion and pathogenicity in a human host by performing relevant imaging and functional analyses, such as electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and functional quantitative assays, targeting biofilm formation and the hemolytic capacity of
S. pneumoniae
.
In vitro
biofilm formation assays and electron microscopy experiments were used to examine the ability of knockout mutant strains lacking the lytA, pspC, or pspA genes to adhere to surfaces. We found that LytA plays an important role in robust synthesis of the biofilm matrix. PspA and PspC appeared crucial for the hemolytic effects of
S. pneumoniae
on human red blood cells. Furthermore, all knockout mutants caused less damage to endothelial cells than wild-type bacteria, highlighting the significance of each CPB for the overall pathogenicity of
S. pneumoniae
. Hence, in addition to their structural function within the cell wall of
S. pneumoniae
, each of these three surface-exposed CBPs controls or mediates multiple steps during bacterial pathogenesis.
Complete genome sequences of two
Bacillus thuringiensis
serovar
kurstaki
strains isolated from Lebanon and Tunisia, highly toxic against lepidopteran larvae
Authors: Fayad Nancy , Barssoum Rita , Marsaud Nathalie , Nasseredine Rayan , Abdelmalek Nouha , Rouis Souad , Teste Marie Ange , Pailler Vincent , Gautier Veronique , Belmonte Elodie , Aceves Lara César Arturo , Cescut Julien , Fillaudeau Luc , Kallassy Awad Mireille 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacillus thuringiensis
-based products are key in the biopesticides market.
Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki
strains Lip and BLB1 were isolated from Lebanese and Tunisian soils, respectively. These strains are highly toxic against lepidopteran larvae,
Ephestia kuehniella
. Here, we report Lip and BLB1 complete genomes, including their plasmid and toxin contents.
Draft genome sequences of 12
Escherichia coli
co-isolated with
Enterococcus
spp. from dogs with polybacterial bacteriuria at a veterinary hospital
Authors: Walker Grayson K. , Harden Lyndy , Suyemoto M. Mitsu , Thakur Siddhartha , Jacob Megan , Borst Luke B. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
are frequently co-isolated with
Enterococcus
spp. from urine cultures of dogs with urinary tract infections (UTIs). Uropathogenic
E. coli
(UPEC) are augmented by
Enterococcus
in polymicrobial UTIs. We report the draft genome sequences of 12 UPEC co-isolated with
Enterococcus
spp. from canine urinary tract infections.
Rising Kawasaki disease incidence in New Zealand: analysis of national population incidence and outcomes 2000–2017
Authors: Gee Paul , Burgner David , Gee Waverley , Forbes Angela , Frampton Christopher M A , McCombie Andrew 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThe recent epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) in New Zealand (NZ) is unknown. Our aim was to describe the incidence, seasonal variation, long-term outcomes and mortality for KD in NZ.DesignRetrospective national database analysis.SettingNew Zealand.PatientsFirst hospitalisation and deaths diagnosed with KD.Main outcome measuresData were extracted for all hospital admissions in NZ coded as KD (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10) from the National Minimum Dataset 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017. Age, sex, ethnicity and associated diagnoses were available to review. Intervention rates for immunoglobulin administration were also analysed.ResultsOver the study period, there were 1008 children with initial hospitalisation for KD. The mean age was 39.8 months (SD 37) and 592 (59%) were boys. The annual incidence rate of KD has increased from 12.2 to 19.5 per 100 000 children <5 years old (0.46 case increase per year; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.83). Children of Asian and Pacific Island ethnicities had the highest incidence (51.2 and 26.1/100 000, respectively). The highest growth in incidence was among East Asian children. The case mortality rate was low (12 of 1008, 1.2%); however, Māori were over-represented (6 of 12 deaths).ConclusionsThere is evidence of increasing KD hospitalisation in NZ, similar to recent studies from Northeast Asia and Australia. KD incidence data were available for retrospective review from a national database, but data on complications and outcomes were incomplete. Notification for KD and an active national surveillance system are recommended to improve care. Future work should focus on factors contributing to poorer outcomes in Māori.
Understanding parents’ experiences of care for children with medical complexity in England: a qualitative study
Authors: McLorie Emma Victoria , Hackett Julia , Fraser Lorna Katharine 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo understand parents’ experiences of receiving care for their child with medical complexity.DesignQualitative semi-structured interviews with parents of children with medical complexities across England analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty parents from four hospital sites in England took part in the study, a total of 17 interviews were completed, 3 joint and 14 single parent interviews. Four themes were developed: parents feel abandoned; continuity of care (made up of three subthemes); equipment barriers; and charities fill the gaps.ConclusionsThe perceived quality of healthcare provided to this population was found to be inconsistent, positive examples referred to continuity of care; communication, clinical management and long-lasting relationships. However, many experienced challenges when receiving care for their children; many of these challenges have been highlighted over the past two to three decades but despite the children’s needs becoming more complex, little progress appears to have been made. Parents were seen as adopting significant additional roles beyond being a parent, but they still find themselves left without support across all areas. These families require more structured support. Policy makers and commissioners need to prioritise the needs of families to enable health and social care services to provide the support required.
Effect of high-flow nasal cannula versus non-invasive ventilation after extubation on successful extubation in obese patients: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Ge Yun , Li Zhenxuan , Xia Ao , Liu Jingyuan , Zhou Dongmin 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe pathophysiological characteristics of the respiratory system of obese patients differ from those of non-obese patients. Few studies have evaluated the effects of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) on the prognosis of obese patients. We here compared the effects of these two techniques on the prevention of reintubation after extubation for obese patients.MethodsData were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database. Patients who underwent HFNC or NIV treatment after extubation were assigned to the HFNC or NIV group, respectively. The reintubation risk within 96 hours postextubation was compared between the two groups using a doubly robust estimation method. Propensity score matching was performed for both groups.ResultsThis study included 757 patients (HFNC group: n=282; NIV group: n=475). There was no significant difference in the risk of reintubation within 96 hours after extubation for the HFNC group compared with the NIV group (OR 1.50, p=0.127). Among patients with body mass index ≥40 kg/m2, the HFNC group had a significantly lower risk of reintubation within 96 hours after extubation (OR 0.06, p=0.016). No significant differences were found in reintubation rates within 48 hours (15.6% vs 11.0%, p=0.314) and 72 hours (16.9% vs 13.0%, p=0.424), as well as in hospital mortality (3.2% vs 5.2%, p=0.571) and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (1.3% vs 5.2%, p=0.108) between the two groups. However, the HFNC group had significantly longer hospital stays (14 days vs 9 days, p=0.005) and ICU (7 days vs 5 days, p=0.001) stays.ConclusionsThis study suggests that HFNC therapy is not inferior to NIV in preventing reintubation in obese patients and appears to be advantageous in severely obese patients. However, HFNC is associated with significantly longer hospital stays and ICU stays.
Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID)-related liver disease: assessment of the main histological aspects using novel semiquantitative scoring systems, image analysis and correlation with clinical parameters of liver stiffness and portal hypertension
Authors: Silva Hiroshi , Brito Camila Gabriela Xavier de , Hall Andrew , Eden Nadia , Somers Henry , Burke Niall , Burns Siobhan O , Lowe David , Thorburn Douglas , Halliday Neil , Quaglia Alberto 
Published: August 2023

AimsWe aimed to investigate the relationship between T-cell-mediated sinusoidal injury, nodular regenerative hyperplasia like changes (NRH-LC) and fibrosis, clinical measures of fibrosis and portal hypertension, and progression rate in common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID)-related liver disease.MethodsThis is a retrospective single-centre study. Liver biopsies from CVID patients with liver disease were reviewed to assess for NRH-LC, fibrosis and elastosis, including collagen and elastin proportionate areas. CD3 positive T-cells infiltration and sinusoidal endothelial changes by CD34 expression were quantified by image analysis and a semiquantitative method, respectively. These findings were correlated with liver stiffness measurements (LSM) and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG).ResultsNRH-LC and pericellular elastosis were present in most biopsies (32/40 and 38/40, respectively). All biopsies showed fibrosis, which was limited to pericellular in 21/40 (52.5%) and included bridging fibrous septa in 19/40 (47.5%). 28/40 liver biopsies showed enhanced sinusoidal expression of CD34. There were more CD3 positive cells in biopsies with NRH-LC compared with those without. There was no significant correlation between LSM, HVPG and fibrosis/elastosis scores. Five of seven patients with at least two biopsies showed progression in fibrosis stage.ConclusionsNRH-LC and fibrosis in CVID patients often coexist along with the presence of sinusoidal endothelial changes and sinusoidal lymphocytic infiltration. Fibrosis progresses over time, and significant fibrosis can be observed in young patients (<30 years old), potentially reflecting a more aggressive form of CVID-related liver disease. Further studies are necessary to investigate the relationship between histological findings, clinical measures of fibrosis and portal hypertension and outcome.
Timing of HPV vaccination as adjuvant treatment of CIN2+ recurrence in women undergoing surgical excision: a meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Petráš Marek , Dvořák Vladimír , Lomozová Danuše , Máčalík Roman , Neradová Sylva , Dlouhý Pavel , Malinová Jana , Rosina Jozef , Lesná Ivana Králová 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveThe main aim was to determine the overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) against recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) including specific VE associated with timing of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination using data from published studies.DesignMeta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesA computerised literature search was undertaken using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Derwent Drug File, ProQuest Science and Technology, Cochrane and MedRxiv databases. To be eligible, the studies, with no language restrictions, had to be published between 1 January 2001 and 25 May 2023.Review methodsIncluded were studies with an unvaccinated reference group that assessed CIN2+ recurrence irrespective of the HPV genotype in women undergoing conisation provided. The present study was carried out in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The risk of study bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation guidelines were used to assess the strength of evidence for the primary outcome. Data synthesis was conducted using meta-analysis and meta-regression.ResultsOut of a total of 14 322 publications, 20 studies with a total of 21 estimates were included. The overall VE against recurrent CIN2+ irrespective of the HPV genotype achieved 69.5% (95% CI: 54.7% to 79.5%). While the HPV vaccine valency, follow-up duration, type of study including its risk of bias had no effect on VE, the highest VE of 78.1% (95% CI: 68.7% to 84.7%) was reported for women receiving their first dose not earlier than the day of excision. This outcome was supported by additional analyses and a VE prediction interval ranging from 67.1% to 85.4%.ConclusionsThe outcome of this meta-analysis and meta-regression convincingly showed the beneficial effect of post-excisional HPV vaccination against CIN2+ recurrence. Studies published to date have been unable to determine whether or not vaccination, completed or initiated before conisation, would be associated with more favourable results.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022353530.
A proton pairing isomer in 174Hf: Reinterpretation of data and support for the split prolate–oblate pairing approximation for deformed nuclei
Authors: Sharpey-Schafer J. F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe available data on the even–even isotope174Hf are reinterpreted to conclude that the low-lying 02+level, usually regarded as a “β vibration”, is actually a proton (2p–2 h) excitation known as a Pairing Isomer. This is the first identification of a Pairing Isomer based on Proton Nilsson Orbitals. Its identification demonstrates that Pairing Isomers can exist anywhere in the Nuclear Chart if the positioning of the Fermi Surface is favourable with respect to relevant Nilsson orbitals.
EXACT FORMULA OF DISTANCE SUMS ON SIERPIŃSKI SKELETON NETWORKS
Authors: CUI KEQIN , MA WENJIA , XI LIFENG 
Published: August 2023

The aim of this paper is to illustrate a strategy for how to get the exact formula of the distance sums of fractal networks (for example, the Sierpiń ski skeleton networks) with the technique of finite pattern [S. Wang, Z. Yu and L. Xi, Average geodesic distance of Sierpinski gasket and Sierpinski networks, Fractals 25(5) (2017) 1750044].
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua Polysaccharides with Antiaging and Stress Resistance Efficacies in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wang Wei , Yang Ying , Hou Ting-ting , Yi Shan-yong , Chen Yan-jun , Li Guo-si , Chen Cun-wu , Han Bang-xing , Ke Jia-ping , Liu Dong , Gao Lei-lei 
Published: August 2023

Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, a source of Polygonati rhizoma, possesses multiple health-promoting properties and is widely used in food and medicine. This study aimed to elucidate the lifespan promotion abilities and potential mechanism of action of P. cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides (PCHPs) on Caenorhabditis elegans. The results revealed that PCHP had a molecular weight distribution of 8.77×103−1.84 × 106 Da and comprised Man, GalA, Glu, Gal, Xyl, and Ara in a molar ratio of 13.8 : 3.5 : 22.7 : 2.7 : 1:1.3. PCHP (5.0 mg/mL) markedly increased the lifespan of C. elegans by 15.78% (

p

< 0.001), improved motility, and increased the resistance to heat stress, UV irradiation, and oxidative stress. PCHP also promoted healthy aging by attenuating the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipofuscin. Furthermore, PCHP upregulated the expression of oxidative stress- and aging-related genes, promoted the migration of DAF-16 into the nucleus, and exerted no effect on the lifespan of daf-2, daf-16, age-1, skn-1, and sir-2.1 mutants. These results indicate that the transcription factors DAF-16, SIR-2.1, and SKN-1 are required for PCHP-mediated lifespan extension in C. elegans. In conclusion, PCHP has the potential to attenuate the effects of aging, which can lay the foundation for aging treatment research with P. cyrtonema.
Lifelong Heterogeneous Contribution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors to Slow and Fast Progression of Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Tomiyama Hirofumi , Imai Takumi , Shiina Kazuki , Higashi Yukihito , Nakano Hiroki , Takahashi Takamichi , Fujii Masatsune , Matsumoto Chisa , Yamashina Akira , Chikamori Taishiro 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Although some cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are known to be associated with increased arterial stiffness, increased arterial stiffness does not mediate the cardiovascular risk associated with all CVRFs. Here, based on long-term repeated-measurement data, we examined the association of the lifelong status of each CVRF with the rate of progression of arterial stiffness.

Methods:
We utilized the data from annual health checkups with the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurements over a 16-year period in middle-aged Japanese occupational cohort.

Results:
Totally, 29 090 brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity data were obtained during the follow-up of 3763 subjects ranging in age from around 30 to 70 years. Smoking, heavy alcohol intake, hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperuricemia were independently associated with the fast progression of arterial stiffness. Also, lower values in nondisease range in blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, and uric acid were independently associated with the slow progression of arterial stiffness. For body mass index and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, no clear associations with the progression of arterial stiffness were observed.

Conclusions:
The present prospective study provided more robust epidemiological evidence for the heterogeneity of the significance of contribution of lifelong status of each CVRF to the slow and fast rate of progression of arterial stiffness. These findings suggest the important need to examine, in further studies, the effects of global early interventions to control the levels of the culprit CVRFs, even from middle age, not only to prevent a fast progression of the arterial stiffness but also to maintain a relatively slow progression of arterial stiffness.
When Do Humans Heed AI Agents’ Advice? When Should They?
Authors: Dunning Richard E. , Fischhoff Baruch , Davis Alex L. 
Published: August 2023

Objective We manipulate the presence, skill, and display of artificial intelligence (AI) recommendations in a strategy game to measure their effect on users’ performance. Background Many applications of AI require humans and AI agents to make decisions collaboratively. Success depends on how appropriately humans rely on the AI agent. We demonstrate an evaluation method for a platform that uses neural network agents of varying skill levels for the simple strategic game of Connect Four. Methods We report results from a 2 × 3 between-subjects factorial experiment that varies the format of AI recommendations (categorical or probabilistic) and the AI agent’s amount of training (low, medium, or high). On each round of 10 games, participants proposed a move, saw the AI agent’s recommendations, and then moved. Results Participants’ performance improved with a highly skilled agent, but quickly plateaued, as they relied uncritically on the agent. Participants relied too little on lower skilled agents. The display format had no effect on users’ skill or choices. Conclusions The value of these AI agents depended on their skill level and users’ ability to extract lessons from their advice. Application Organizations employing AI decision support systems must consider behavioral aspects of the human-agent team. We demonstrate an approach to evaluating competing designs and assessing their performance.