bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DIREKSI ATAS KERUGIAN PERSEROAN DALAM PERUSAHAAN GRUP
Authors: Ramsay Sahur 
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the responsibility of the board of directors for the loss of the company in the group company. In a group company, there are holding company and subsidiary companies, empirically the subsidiary is an independent legal entity, but in the economic sector it is a representation of the holding company or business support for the holding company. The non-independence of the subsidiary has implications for the responsibility of the board of directors, in the event of a loss to a third party. The research was conducted using a normative juridical/library research method, secondary data obtained, mixed, analyzed qualitatively and described descriptively. From the research, it can be concluded that if the directors of the holding company are proven legally and convincingly in running the company in bad faith or mean bad deals cause the subsidiary to suffer losses, then the directors of the holding company can be held accountable for their personal assets based on the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil and if the board of directors has more than one responsibility jointly and severally
Keywords Limited Liability Companies, Directors, Group Companies
Tinjaun Hukum Bagi Anak Yang Dilahirkan Di Luar Perkawinan Menurut Adat Suku Tehit
Authors: Markus, SH.,M.Kn Dr. Dwi Pratiwi , Lestaluhu Rajab 
Published: May 2023

Perkawinan dalam pandangan KUHPerdata Pasal 26 hanya sebatas hubungan-hubungan perdata. Artinya hubungan yang hanya melibatkan perseorang dalam hal ikatan lahiriah antara pria dan wanita dan terpisah dari unsur kerohanian atau keagamaan. Berbeda halnya dengan Hukum Adat secara umum di Indonesia memandang perkawinan sebagai perikatan kekerabatan ketetanggaanAnak di luar perkawinan tetap adalah seorang anak yang akan hidup bersama sebagai sebuah keluarga dalam masyarakat, sehingga mempunyai hak perlindungan yang sama layaknya seorang anak yang lahir dalam perkawinan yang sah, sekalipun dalam konteks tertentu anak di luar perkawinan dianggap sebagai peristiwa tercela dalam kehidupan masyarakat.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian empiris, yaitu penelitian hukum dengan menjadikan data-data lapangan sebagai sumber data primer, seperti hasil wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Kemudian didukung oleh data sekunder yaitu Artikel, Jurnal dan Penelitian terdahulu.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: 1). Kedudukan anak yang lahir di luar perkawinan menurut Adat Suku Tehit dan Hukum Positif Anak yang dilahirkan di luar hanya mempunyai hubungan dengan ibunya dan keluarga ibunya. 2). Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak di luar perkawinan ditinjau dari Adat Suku Tehit dan Hukum positif Seorang perempuan maupun anaknya diberikan kesempatan oleh Undang- undang untuk melakukan penuntutan dan memperjuangkan hak anak luar kawin untuk memiliki hubungan keperdataan dengan ayahnya
ANALISIS METODE HARGA ECERAN UNTUK MENGESTIMASI NILAI PERSEDIAAN BARANG DAGANG STUDI PADA CV BANDUNG GEMILANG SENTOSA
Authors: Erlina Febrianti  , Wiwiek Kusumaning Asmoro  
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode harga eceran untuk mengestimasi nilai persediaan barang dagang. Estimasi nilai persediaan barang dagang berguna untuk menyusun laporan keuangan jangka pendek, di mana perhitungan fisik persediaan sulit untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada CV Bandung Gemilang Sentosa sebuah persekutuan komanditer yang bergerak dalam bidang perdagangan barang elektronik.
Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang diperoleh adalah data mutasi persediaan barang dagang bulan Desember tahun 2017. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi, studi literatur, wawancara, dokumentasi dan analisis dokumen, sedangkan untuk jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CV Bandung Gemilang Sentosa belum memiliki metode yang digunakan untuk mengelola persediaan barang dagang. Persediaan dikelola dengan cara yang sederhana yakni dengan membuat catatan barang masuk dan keluar. Catatan ini meskipun telah dibuat namun kadang tidak diperhatikan pada saat pembelian barang dagang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan persediaan pada CV Bandung Gemilang Sentosa dapat dikatakan kurang teratur. Perusahaan dapat menggunakan metode harga eceran untuk mengelola dan menilai persediaan pada akhir periode.
Desain Riset Media Pembelajaran Augmented Reality Berbasis Discovery pada Mata Pelajaran IPA
Authors: Wisnu Pamungkas  
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Books are the media most often used by teachers. From the analysis of the teacher's needs, it is known that the teacher finds it difficult to explain to students about the form or describe the original form and sometimes gets stuck in just memorizing terms. Therefore, media is needed that can help teachers and students in the learning process. This research aimed to determine product specifications, attractiveness, and practicality of augmented reality learning media products in discovery learning activities in grade VIII natural science subjects on the human respiratory system at SMPK PENABUR Depok. This type of research is development research. The procedure in this development research was adapted from Borg & Gall. The subjects in this study were 40 grade VIII students of SMPK PENABUR Depok for the 2021/2022 academic year. In addition, this study also involved three experts in the fields of augmented reality, learning, and science education. Data analysis shows that the level of product attractiveness is 86.06% and the product practicality level is 88.64%. With these results, the product is declared feasible and can be used as a new learning media in the subject of the respiratory system in humans.
Keywords: augmented reality, discovery, learning media.
Abstrak: Buku adalah media yang paling sering digunakan guru. Dari analisis kebutuhan guru diketahui bahwa guru kesulitan untuk menjelaskan kepada siswa mengenai bentuk atau menggambarkan wujud asli dan terkadang terjebak dalam kegiatan menghafal istilah saja. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan media yang mampu membantu guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui spesifikasi produk, kemenarikan dan kepraktisan produk media pembelajaran augmented reality pada aktivitas pembelajaran discovery dalam mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) kelas VIII materi sistem pernapasan pada manusia di SMPK PENABUR Depok. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Prosedur dalam penelitian pengembangan ini diadaptasi dari Borg & Gall. Subjek dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas VIII SMPK PENABUR Depok tahun ajaran 2021/2022 yang berjumlah 40 orang selain itu penelitian ini juga melibatkan tiga ahli pada bidang augmented reality, pembelajaran, dan pendidikan IPA. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemenarikan produk sebesar 86,06% dan tingkat kepraktisan produk sebesar 88,64%. Dengan hasil ini maka produk dinyatakan layak dan dapat dijadikan media pembelajaran yang baru dalam materi sistem pernapasan pada manusia.
Kata Kunci: augmented reality, discovery, media pembelajaran.
Record of short-lived “orogen” on Eurasian continental margin by South China Sea obduction preserved in Taiwan collision
Authors: Lo Yun-Chieh , Chen Chih-Tung , Lo Ching-Hua , Chung Sun-Lin , Yeh Meng-Wan 
Published: May 2023

The Taiwan mountain belt is the result of an arc-continent collision following the total subduction of the South China Sea and subsequent closure of the Luzon forearc, a process important in the accretionary growth of continents. Due to the oblique convergence, the southern tip of Taiwan Island is experiencing incipient collision, which is key to observing the oceanic-continental subduction transition. Within the monotonous turbidite extensively exposed on the Hengchun Peninsula as an uplifted Manila Trench accretionary wedge, the Shihmen Conglomerate, as a few intercalated lenses of coarse mafic pebbles, represents a dramatic change in sediment provenance and the causal tectonic event. New zircon U-Pb and amphibole 40Ar/39Ar ages are obtained from sediments, including sands and mafic pebbles that are either gabbro or foliated amphibolite. The 22–24 Ma zircon crystallization ages confirm the South China Sea origin of the mafic clasts, while the much younger 13 ± 2 Ma amphibole 40Ar/39Ar isochron ages from foliated amphibolites suggest a later thermal-tectonic event other than seafloor metamorphism. The amphibole 40Ar/39Ar ages overlap with the biostratigraphic age (∼11–14 Ma), indicating that the mafic source rocks were exhumed and eroded in a high-relief topography immediately after metamorphism. Detrital zircon U-Pb ages from a sandy layer within the conglomerate are also mostly identical to those from the mafic pebbles. Since the paleocurrent of the Shihmen Conglomerate was similar to that of the neighboring turbidites, which were derived from major rivers draining the southeastern Chinese continent, the provenance of the mafic pebbles and sands was best explained as an isolated subaerial mountain on the Eurasian continental margin with a very limited temporal and spatial extent, as the detrital products are poorly distributed. The most likely cause of the ephemeral mountain was the obduction of the South China Sea onto the Eurasian continental margin when the latter first impinged on the Philippine Sea Plate at the Manila Trench, where the gabbroic oceanic crust was uplifted and exhumed, followed by dynamic metamorphism along the basal thrust.
Triassic magmatism and tectonic setting of Eastern Tianshan, NW China: constraints from the geochemistry and zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopes of granitoids in the Yamansu area
Authors: Cai Hongming , Gong Xiangkuan , Liu Guiping , Guo Ruiqing , Wang Keyong 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: To provide constraints on the Triassic tectonic setting of Eastern Tianshan, an integrated study was conducted on the geochronological and geochemical data for granodiorites, monzogranites, and two-mica granites from the Yamansu area on the northern margin of the Central Tianshan, NW China.Geochronlogy Method and Results: Zircon U–Pb dating indicated the crystallization ages of ca. 250–241 Ma.Geochemistry Results: The granodiorites (ca. 250 Ma) were medium-K calc-alkaline I-type granitoids, with crust-derived geochemical elements ratios (e.g., Ti/Zr, Ti/Y, and Nb/Ta), low Sr/Y ratios, and moderate negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.56–0.57), suggesting their derivation from the partial melting of crustal materials with plagioclase as a major residual phase at &lt;12 kbar. The monzogranites (ca. 247 Ma) showed adakitic characteristics, with high SiO2 and low MgO, Cr, and Ni contents and low Nb/Ta ratios, indicating an origin from the melting of thickened mafic lower crusts at relatively high pressure (12–15 kbar). The ca. 244 Ma and ca. 241 Ma two-mica granites were high-K calc-alkaline and showed geochemical features of highly fractionated I-type granites. They were generated by melting medium-to-high-K mafic to intermediate crustal rocks at pressures &lt;5 kbar, accompanied mainly by feldspar fractional crystallization. All granitoids had zircon εHf(t) values of +7.8 to +2.1, with corresponding TDM2 of 1132–773 Ma, suggesting juvenile crustal rocks as possible sources.Discussion: Geochronological investigations of the studied granitoids, together with published data, suggest that the Triassic was an important period for granitic magmatism in Eastern Tianshan. Considering all the available geological data, we suggest that the Triassic granitoids were formed in an intracontinental environment possibly controlled mainly by far-field effects of the Paleo-Tethys system, with contemporaneous compression and extension at deep and shallower lithosphere depths, respectively, during the Triassic.
Episodic hydrothermal activities impact on organic matter enrichment in the post-collision rift basin of Permian Lucaogou Formation, southern Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Jiao Yue , Wu Chaodong , Zhou Tianqi , Wang Jialin 
Published: May 2023

The factors controlling the organic matter accumulation in the organic-rich shale of the Lucaogou Formation in the southern Junggar Basin, remain controversial. To more explicitly reveal the hydrothermal events and its mechanism on the organic matter enrichment, we performed mineralogy and geochemistry methods on dolomite and black shale samples from Well FK-1 in Fukang Sag. The high (Fe + Mn)/Ti ratios, the enrichment of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and REY, and multiple hydrothermal minerals (e.g., ankerite, dolomite, zeolite, authigenic albite, and microcline) suggest five episodes of hydrothermal events. In addition, the low-to-high-varied Sr/Ba, V/(V + Ni) (Al + Fe)/(Ca + Mg), and Sr/Cu ratios, as well as the dolomite formation all well indicate a brackish-saline, suboxic-anoxic, shallow to deep water condition under a warm-humid to hot-arid climate with rhythmic sedimentation. The fluctuated total organic carbon content (up to 12.16 wt%) suggest the periodic organic matter accumulation. Three patterns of organic matter enrichment occurred during the rift-drift transition of the southern Junggar Basin, productivity and preservation played distinguishing roles in different intervals. Productivity periodically fluctuated because of the episodic hydrothermal events and warm-humid climate changes. Preservation was triggered by the saline, anoxic, and well-stratified water setting under the relatively hot-arid climate, which became progressively favorable in the gradually stabilized basin.
Population trends of ground-nesting birds indicate increasing environmental impacts from Eastern to Western Europe: different patterns for open-habitat and woodland species
Authors: Reif Jiří , Koleček Jaroslav , Morelli Federico , Benedetti Yanina 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:Bird populations reflect the influence of major environmental changes, and the analysis of their long-term population trends concerning species-specific ecological traits can provide insight into biologically relevant impacts of such changes. In this respect, nest site is a particularly informative trait because ground-nesting bird species are more prone, in contrast to species nesting above the ground, to the impacts of nest predation which can be linked to various environmental drivers including the intensification of agriculture or woodland management. Here we hypothesize that a) ground-nesting species present negative trends due to environmental pressures mentioned above, b) such declining trends should be more pronounced in Western than in Eastern Europe because, in Western countries, the environmental threats are likely greater, and c) the interaction between nest site and habitat association will point at the habitat types where the presumed drivers most likely operate.Methods:We used population trends from 1980 to 2016 of 332 bird species in 16 European countries to test this hypothesis.Results:We found that the long-term population trends of ground-nesting birds are more negative than the trends of species nesting above the ground indicating the effect of nest predation, and this difference increased from Eastern to Western European countries, probably due to steeply increasing populations of nest predators in the West. However, the effect of longitude interacted with the habitat association being strong in woodland species and weak in open-habitat species.Discussion:This pattern suggests that the increased nest predation pressure in the West is linked to woodlands, probably due to higher abundances of mammalian herbivores that destroy forest ground and shrub layer, and thus leave the nests exposed to predators. In contrast, only a weak longitudinal pattern in open-habitat species indicates that the negative impacts of agricultural intensification are no longer confined to the Western part of the continent. Although nature conservation activities are generally successful in Europe, as indicated by benefits provided by the Natura 2000 network, our results uncovered substantial gaps in delivering such benefits.
Green total factor productivity of dairy cows in China: essential facts from the perspective of regional heterogeneity
Authors: Guo Jinguang , Fu Yu 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Enhancing the green total factor productivity of dairy cows (GPDC) is crucial for fostering the low-carbon sustainable development of the dairy industry.Methods: This research utilizes the Minimum distance to weak efficient frontier–Meta frontier–Malmquist–Luenberger (MinDW-MML) index to examine the GPDC using the unbalanced panel data on dairy cows in 26 provinces of China from 2004 to 2020, taking into account regional heterogeneity and unexpected output.Results: The findings revealed that 1) from 2004 to 2020, China’s GPDC displayed a fluctuating and declining trend, with the steepest decrease occurring from 2007 to 2010 (2.26% at the common frontier and 1.81% at the group frontier). The fundamental cause of the low GPDC, as seen from the standpoint of efficiency decomposition, is technical advancement (technological change, or TC); 2) the GPDC exhibits a declining trend from east to west to central China for the two-level frontier. The eastern region benefits clearly from technological advancement (TC) and improved technical performance (EC), while the middle and western regions are mostly constrained by TC; and 3) the GPDC displayed regional heterogeneity at several scales. Although the efficiency values of medium- and small-scale aquaculture were low and large-scale aquaculture GPDC in the eastern and western regions was greater than 1, the GPDC did not reach the effective state in the central region.Discussion: Based on these findings, we propose policy recommendations such as promoting technological innovation and low-carbon technology in dairy farming, improving the technical system of dairy farming, and optimizing the industrial layout of dairy farming, which will serve as a model for future high-quality and sustainable dairy farming development in China, and provide an experience for green dairy farming development in other countries.
Increased prevalence of fungemia in Medina, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khateb Aiah M. , Alofi Fadwa S. , Almutairi Abdullah Z. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe prevalence of fungal infection is increasing globally due to an increase in the immunocompromised and aging population. We investigated epidemiological changes in fungemia in one of the major centers in Medina over seven years period with 87,447 admissions.MethodsRetrospective search of records for causative agents of fungemia in inpatients at King Fahad Hospital (KFH) in 2013–2019. Fungal-positive blood cultures, demographic, and treatment data were extracted.ResultsA total of 331 fungemia episodes proven by blood culture were identified in 46 patients. The annual prevalence of fungemia increased from 0.072 in 2013 to 1.546 patients per 1,000 in 2019. The mean age of fungemia episodes was 56 years, and 62% of episodes occurred in females. Samples from central blood incubated aerobically yielded the highest fungemia rate, accounting for 55% (n = 182). Among yeast species, Candida parapsilosis was responsible for the highest number of episodes 37% (n = 122), followed by Candida glabrata (32%; n = 107), Candid albicans (29%; n = 94), and Cryptococcus neoformans (1%; n = 4). Among molds, Lichtheimia (Absidia) species was the most common (1%; n = 3). Yeast-like fungi Trichosporion mucoides accounted for (0.003% n = 1). The use of antifungal treatment has increased (96%) over the years (2013–2019). An increase in resistance rate of 2% was found in C. albicans and C. glabrata. The most prevalent comorbidity was renal disease (24.2%).ConclusionsC. parapsilosis was the leading cause of fungemia. The association of renal disease with increased candidemia was alarming. This study is a fundamental resource to establish management policies for fungal infection in the region.
Impact of Brahman genetics on skin histology characteristics with implications for heat tolerance in cattle
Authors: Mateescu Raluca G. , Sarlo Davila Kaitlyn M. , Hernandez Aakilah S. , Andrade Andrea Nunez , Zayas Gabriel A. , Rodriguez Eduardo E. , Dikmen Serdal , Oltenacu Pascal A. 
Published: May 2023

Cattle lose heat predominantly through cutaneous evaporation at the skin-hair coat interface when experiencing heat stress. Sweating ability, sweat gland properties, and hair coat properties are a few of the many variables determining the efficacy of evaporative cooling. Sweating is a significant heat dissipation mechanism responsible for 85% of body heat loss when temperatures rise above 86⁰F. The purpose of this study was to characterize skin morphological parameters in Angus, Brahman, and their crossbred cattle. Skin samples were taken during the summer of 2017 and 2018 from a total of 319 heifers from six breed groups ranging from 100% Angus to 100% Brahman. Epidermis thickness decreased as the percentage of Brahman genetics increased where the 100% Angus group had a significantly thicker epidermis compared to the 100% Brahman animals. A more extended epidermis layer was identified in Brahman animals due to more pronounced undulations in this skin layer. Breed groups with 75% and 100% Brahman genes were similar and had the largest sweat gland area, indicative of superior resilience to heat stress, compared to breed groups with 50% or lower Brahman genetics. There was a significant linear breed group effect on sweat gland area indicating an increase of 862.0 µm2 for every 25% increase in Brahman genetics. Sweat gland length increased as the Brahman percentage increased, while the sweat gland depth showed an opposite trend, decreasing from 100% Angus to 100% Brahman. The number of sebaceous glands was highest in 100% Brahman animals which had about 1.77 more sebaceous glands (p &lt; 0.05) per 4.6 mm2area. Conversely, the sebaceous gland area was greatest in the 100% Angus group. This study identified significant differences in skin properties related to heat exchange ability between Brahman and Angus cattle. Equally important, these differences are also accompanied by significant levels of variation within each breed, which is indicative that selection for these skin traits would improve the heat exchange ability in beef cattle. Further, selecting beef cattle for these skin traits would lead to increased resilience to heat stress without disrupting production traits.