bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological effects of resistant starch and its applications in food: a review
Authors: Han Jun , Wu Jirong , Liu Xin , Shi Jianrong , Xu Jianhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStarch,as the main source of carbohydrates in the diet, provides energy for various activities of the body. Different types and structures of starch lead to variations in digestion and absorption, thereby affecting blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism in the body. Resistant starch (RS) has gained much attention because of its unique properties; it is not digested in the small intestine but ferments in the large intestine and produces short-chain fatty acids. RS has been found to play a crucial role in glucose homeostasis, fat metabolism, cholesterol levels and mineral absorption. Furthermore, RS has a high thermal stability, white color and low water holding capacity, making it useful in a wide range of food industry applications. This review aims to provide an update on the physiological effects of RS under physiological and pathological conditions, to provide information on the applications of RS in the food industry, and to assess whether dietary strategies to improve RS could have potential prevention and therapeutic effects for metabolic disorders associated with diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.
Graphical Abstract
Risk factors of sudden cardiac death in Egyptian patients younger than 40 years
Authors: Ali Ahmed Nabil , Abdeltawab Hend Ali , Eldamanhoury Hayam , Aboulmaaty Mervat 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Sudden cardiac death in young people is a major problem. The causes are well known; however, they may not be discovered before the episode of sudden death. A challenge for the future is identifying patients at risk before an episode of sudden cardiac death. Development of preventive and educational programs is required to identify sudden cardiac death/sudden cardiac arrest (SCD/SCA) risk factors, causes and characteristics. We aimed to study the characteristics of SCD/SCA in a cohort of young Egyptian population. Our retrospective cohort study included 246 patients of SCD/SCA who were collected from 5000 records of arrhythmia patients from January 2010 till January 2020. The records of the specialized arrhythmia clinic were reviewed to collect the families of SCD/SCA. All patients and/or their first-degree relatives were subjected to thorough history taking and clinical evaluation and investigations. Comparisons were done regarding age group and presence of positive family history of SCD.

Results
Males constituted 56.9% of the study population. Mean age was 26.6 ± 12.73 years. Positive family history was present in 202 (82.1%) cases. Sixty-one percent of the cases had history of syncopal attacks. SCD/SCA during non-exertion or sleep occurred in 50.4% of cases. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was the most common cause of SCD/SCA (20.3%), followed by dilated cardiomyopathy (19.1%), long QT Syndrome (11.4%), complete heart block (8.5%), and Brugada syndrome (6.8%). In the older age group of 18–40 years, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was responsible for SCD in 44 patients (25.3%) versus 6 patients (8.3%) in younger age group (p-value: 0.003). DCM was also dominant in older age group (42 patients; 24.1%) versus 5 patients (6.9%) in younger age group. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was more prevalent in positive family history group (46 patients; 22.8%) versus 4 patients (9.1%) in negative family history group (p-value: 0.041).

Conclusion
Family history of SCD was the most common risk factor of SCD. The most common cause of SCD in young Egyptian patients below 40 years was hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, followed by dilated cardiomyopathy. Both diseases were more common in the age group between 18 and 40 years. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was more common in patients with positive family history of SCD/SCA.
Diagnostic utility of contrast-enhanced FLAIR MRI in imaging of demyelinating and infectious brain lesions
Authors: Gad Mona , Elsorogy Lamiaa Galal , Moustafa Sherif Abdel Fattah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Contrast-enhanced MRI is frequently used as a baseline modality and indispensable tool for early diagnosis and follow-up of different brain lesions. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic impact of contrast-enhanced FLAIR compared to the widely used post-contrast T1W sequence in terms of demyelinating and infectious brain lesions detection in clinical practice and explore its value in monitoring disease activity for selecting appropriate therapy. MR Imaging was performed using 1.5 Tesla device. Both T1W and FLAIR sequences were obtained prior to and after administration of intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agent. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used for image analysis by two independent radiologists.

Results
Sixty patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. Our participants were subdivided into two categories, either demyelinating (45 multiple sclerosis) or infectious lesions (13 meningitis/meningoencephalitis and 2 pyogenic abscess). By comparing the two post-contrast sequences, CE-FLAIR revealed greater enhancement in 38 cases (63.34%), equal enhancement in 17 cases (28.33%) and less enhancement in 5 cases (8.33%). For lesion conspicuity: good delineation observed in (61.67%), fair delineation in (25%) and no delineation in (13.33%). Lesion-to-background contrast ratio was statistically significant in CE-FLAIR with excellent inter-class correlation.

Conclusion
CE-FLAIR should be added in conjunction with or as a superior alternative to conventional CE-T1W sequence to optimize lesion detection and improve diagnostic reliability particularly in demyelinating and infectious lesions.
Work-related risk factors and the prevalence of low back pain among low-income industrial workers in Bangladesh: results from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Omar Sharif Ahmmed , Huda Nurul , Alam Md. Mohsin , Hossain Sayed Imran , Hossain Shohal , Islam Shahana , Khatun Most. Rumpa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Industrial workers are exposed to various musculoskeletal problems especially in tasks related to production. Low back pain is the main problem in most musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, our study aims to identify the prevalence of work-related low back pain and its risk factors among industrial workers in Bangladesh.

Materials and methods
A sample of 384 industrial workers aged 18–55 years in Bangladesh was selected to conduct this cross-sectional study to assess low back pain prevalence and identify its risk factors. Regression analysis was performed regarding socioeconomic status and risk factor related to LBP through interviews and questionnaires.

Results
Data analysis showed that the prevalence of LBP in industrial workers in Dhaka City was 238 (62%). Low back pain was associated with increasing age (odd ratio = 1.05). Other significant risks for pain in the low back were being a permanent employee (OR 3.15) and working more than 8 h (OR = 1.99). Also, LBP was associated with incorrect body mechanics use, repetitive bending, and continuous long-time sitting risk was higher than others.

Conclusion
The results of this investigation highlight a high proportion of LBP and its risk factors among industrial workers in Dhaka City. Age, type of employment, working hours, use of incorrect body mechanics, repeated bending or twisting, and prolonged sitting were among the risk factors for back pain. Therefore, exercising, providing adequate training for properly maintaining body mechanics, and avoiding bad positions may be among the most powerful steps needed to avoid or prevent development of back pain.
Real time full-color imaging in a Meta-optical fiber endoscope
Authors: Fröch Johannes E. , Huang Luocheng , Tanguy Quentin A.A. , Colburn Shane , Zhan Alan , Ravagli Andrea , Seibel Eric J. , Böhringer Karl F. , Majumdar Arka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndoscopes are an important component for the development of minimally invasive surgeries. Their size is one of the most critical aspects, because smaller and less rigid endoscopes enable higher agility, facilitate larger accessibility, and induce less stress on the surrounding tissue. In all existing endoscopes, the size of the optics poses a major limitation in miniaturization of the imaging system. Not only is making small optics difficult, but their performance also degrades with downscaling. Meta-optics have recently emerged as a promising candidate to drastically miniaturize optics while achieving similar functionalities with significantly reduced size. Herein, we report an inverse-designed meta-optic, which combined with a coherent fiber bundle enables a 33% reduction in the rigid tip length over traditional gradient-index (GRIN) lenses. We use the meta-optic fiber endoscope (MOFIE) to demonstrate real-time video capture in full visible color, the spatial resolution of which is primarily limited by the fiber itself. Our work shows the potential of meta-optics for integration and miniaturization of biomedical devices towards minimally invasive surgery.
Source-configured symmetry-broken hyperbolic polaritons
Authors: Hu Caixing , Sun Tian , Zeng Ying , Ma Weiliang , Dai Zhigao , Yang Xiaosheng , Zhang Xinliang , Li Peining 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolaritons are quasi-particles that combine light with matter, enabling precise control of light at deep subwavelength scales. The excitation and propagation of polaritons are closely linked to the structural symmetries of the host materials, resulting in symmetrical polariton propagation in high-symmetry materials. However, in low-symmetry crystals, symmetry-broken polaritons exist, exhibiting enhanced directionality of polariton propagation for nanoscale light manipulation and steering. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate the existence of symmetry-broken polaritons, with hyperbolic dispersion, in a high-symmetry crystal. We show that an optical disk-antenna positioned on the crystal surface can act as an in-plane polarized excitation source, enabling dynamic tailoring of the asymmetry of hyperbolic polariton propagation in the high-symmetry crystal over a broad frequency range. Additionally, we provide an intuitive analysis model that predicts the condition under which the asymmetric polaritonic behavior is maximized, which is corroborated by our simulations and experiments. Our results demonstrate that the directionality of polariton propagation can be conveniently configured, independent of the structure symmetry of crystals, providing a tuning knob for the polaritonic response and in-plane anisotropy in nanophotonic applications.
A phase II trial of nivolumab for patients with platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic salivary gland cancer.
Authors: Nagatani Yoshiaki , Kiyota Naomi , Yamazaki Tomoko , Asada Yukinori , Higashino Masaaki , Goto Masahiro , Satake Hironaga , Ota Ichiro , Uemura Hirokazu , Yane Katsunari , Tanaka Kaoru , Onoe Takuma , Iwae Shigemichi , Hirano Shigeru , Imamura Yoshinori , Kimbara Shiro , Nose Taku , Koyama Taiji , Funakoshi Yohei , Minami Hironobu 
Published: June 2023

6092 Background: Salivary gland cancer is rare and has various pathological subtypes. With this rarity and heterogeneity, the therapeutic contribution of chemotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, for recurrent or metastatic salivary gland cancer (RM-SGC) has not been elucidated. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab for patients with platinum-refractory RM-SGC. Methods: This open-label, single-arm, multicenter phase II trial was conducted at 9 centers in Japan. Eligible patients had platinum-refractory recurrent or metastatic salivary gland cancer with measurable lesions by RECIST v1.1 and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0, 1, or 2. Nivolumab 240 mg/body was administered intravenously every 2 weeks until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). We set the null hypothesis at 3% and the expected at 15% with a one-sided alfa of 0.1 and power of 80%. Secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: Twenty-four patients (16 males; median age, 65.5 years [range, 34-78 years]) were enrolled between March 2018 and January 2022. Pathological types were salivary duct carcinoma (n = 10), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 6), adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (n = 5), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n = 2), and acinic cell carcinoma (n = 1). In the majority of cases the primary site was a major salivary gland (n = 21), namely the parotid gland in 16 patients and submandibular gland in 5. The primary endpoint of ORR was 8.3% (2/24, 80% CI, 2.2-20.6%), with 2 partial responses (PR) in patients with salivary duct carcinoma (2/10, ORR: 20.0%). DCR was 29.2% (7/24, 2 in PR and 5 in stable disease), and all of the other 17 patients（70.8%）showed progressive disease (PD) on first disease evaluation at 12 weeks. With a median follow up for survivors of 32.0 months, median PFS and OS were 3.0 months (95% CI, 2.8-3.2 months) and 25.0 months (95% CI, 10.9-39.1 months), respectively. There was no new safety concern with nivolumab monotherapy. Conclusions: This phase II trial of nivolumab monotherapy for patients with platinum-refractory RM-SGC did not meet its primary endpoint of ORR. Although nivolumab monotherapy may be worth further development in salivary duct carcinoma, these results may raise concerns over nivolumab monotherapy for RM-SGC. Translational research to elucidate the immune microenvironment of each pathological type is under investigation. Clinical trial information: UMIN000029636 .
Comparison of real-world mortality data among patients with glioblastoma (GBM) and metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) treated in the community oncology setting.
Authors: Cosgrove David , Aguilar Kathleen , Wang Yunfei , Sykes Charles , Reinwald Sarah , Kubisiak Emily , Su Zhaohui , Chandrasekaran Vasu , Stees Larisa , Iyer Rupa , Robert Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2023

e18805 Background: Evaluation of endpoints in oncology research requires accurate assessment of patients’ vital status. For real-world investigations of cancer populations, comprehensive capture of patients’ death dates may require several data sources. The intent of this evaluation was to assess capture of documented death dates across multiple datasets in the US community oncology setting. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of adult patients with GBM or mPC who initiated treatment between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019 within The US Oncology Network. Patient demographic, clinical and treatment characteristics were sourced from an electronic health record (EHR) database, iKnowMed (iKM). Patients were followed until January 2023 with death dates captured from the iKM EHR (structured and unstructured fields), the iKM claims database, the Social Security Administration’s Death Master File, as well as a commercially available mortality dataset from Datavant comprised of obituary, claims and government records. Chart review was used to confirm if patients were alive on 15 January 2023. The overall capture rate of death information from each source was evaluated descriptively. Agreement was assessed using two approaches: 1) as death dates that were an exact match between sources and 2) as death dates that occurred within 30 days of each other and/or within the same month. Results: A total of 173 patients with GBM (median age 65 years, median follow-up time 12.0 months) and 990 patients with mPC (median age 68 years, median follow-up time 7.1 months) were included. Across all sources, 91.1% of the pooled population had at least one documented death date or were confirmed to be alive (85.5% and 92.1% of patients with GBM and mPC, respectively). Among patients with full day-month-year death dates from at least 2 sources (n = 835), 95.4% of death records were matched on the exact death dates. Among patients with any death record from at least 2 sources (n = 852), 99.3% of death records were matched within 30 days of each other or within the same month. Conclusions: The findings of this study describe the capture rate of mortality and vitality status in the US community oncology setting. Future analyses are planned to augment these assessments of concordance, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value across the sources with comparison to death dates captured by the National Death Index. These insights are important for development of composite mortality databases, comprised of death information from multiple sources using appropriate tokenization and overlap methodologies.
Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus cabozantinib vs cabozantinib alone after progression with prior immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Primary PFS analysis from the phase 3, randomized, open-label CONTACT-03 study.
Authors: Choueiri Toni K. , Albiges Laurence , Tomczak Piotr , Suárez Cristina , Voss Martin H. , de Velasco Guillermo , Chahoud Jad , Procopio Giuseppe , Mahammedi Hakim , Zengerling Friedemann , Kim Chan , Gupta Suyasha , Bergthold Guillaume , Liu Bo , Kalaitzidou Melania , Huseni Mahrukh A. , Scheffold Christian , Powles Thomas , Pal Sumanta Kumar 
Published: June 2023

LBA4500 Background: ICI-based regimens are the standard of care for first-line (1L) treatment of metastatic clear cell (cc) RCC. Treatment options following disease progression during or after ICI therapy are limited but can include single-agent TKIs, such as cabozantinib (cabo). CONTACT-03 evaluated anti–PD-L1 atezolizumab (atezo) + cabo vs cabo alone in patients (pts) with metastatic RCC that progressed during or after prior ICI treatment and is the first phase 3 randomized trial to test the benefit of ICI rechallenge by direct addition to a control arm. Methods: CONTACT-03 enrolled pts with histologically confirmed, inoperable, locally advanced or metastatic cc or non-cc RCC, regardless of PD-L1 status, that progressed on or after ICI treatment. Randomization was 1:1 to atezo (1200 mg IV q3w) plus cabo (60 mg oral qd) or cabo alone. Stratification factors were IMDC risk factors (0 vs 1-2 vs ≥3); most recent line of prior ICI therapy (adjuvant vs 1L vs 2L); and histology (dominant cc without sarcomatoid vs dominant non-cc [papillary or unclassified] without sarcomatoid vs cc or non-cc with any sarcomatoid component). The multiple primary efficacy endpoints were centrally reviewed RECIST 1.1 PFS and OS. Key secondary endpoints were investigator (INV)-assessed PFS, centrally reviewed RECIST 1.1 ORR and DOR and safety. Results: Of 522 pts randomized to atezo + cabo (n=263) or cabo (n=259), 55% and 51% had most recent ICI in the 1L setting and 10% and 11% had sarcomatoid RCC, respectively. At the data cutoff (Jan 3, 2023), median follow-up was 15.2 mo. No PFS or OS benefit was observed with atezo + cabo vs cabo. ORR was 41% in both arms; DOR was 12.7 (95% CI: 10.5, 17.4) mo with atezo + cabo and 14.8 (95% CI: 11.3, 20.0) mo with cabo. All-cause Grade 3/4 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 68% (177/262) and 62% (158/256) of safety-evaluable pts receiving atezo + cabo or cabo, respectively; all-cause Grade 5 AEs occurred in 6% and 4%. AEs leading to treatment withdrawal occurred in 16% of pts on atezo + cabo and 4% on cabo. Conclusions: The addition of atezo to cabo did not improve clinical outcomes and led to increased toxicity in patients with RCC that progressed on or after prior ICI treatment. CONTACT-03 is the first randomized, phase III oncology trial to test the benefit of PD-(L)1 inhibitor continuation by direct addition to a standard control arm; the results prompt caution with this approach in other cancers. Clinical trial information: NCT04338269 . [Table: see text]
Intracranial efficacy of sotorasib versus docetaxel in pretreated KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Practice-informing data from a global, phase 3, randomized, controlled trial (RCT).
Authors: Dingemans Anne-Marie C. , Syrigos Konstantinos , Livi Lorenzo , Paulus Astrid , Kim Sang-We , Chen Yuanbin , Felip Enriqueta , Griesinger Frank , Ohashi Kadoaki , Zalcman Gerard , Hughes Brett Gordon Maxwell , Sorensen Jens Benn , Blais Normand , Ferreira Carlos G. M. , Lindsay Colin R , Dziadziuszko Rafal , Ward Patrick J. , Obiozor Cynthia Chinedu , Wang Yang , Peters Solange 
Published: June 2023

LBA9016 Background: Brain metastases are common (~30%) in patients (pts) with KRAS G12C-mutated advanced NSCLC and have a negative impact on survival and quality of life (QOL). In the CodeBreaK 200 global, phase 3 RCT, sotorasib was the first oral KRASG12C inhibitor to show improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (ORR), with a better toxicity profile and QOL, compared with intravenous docetaxel in pretreated KRAS G12C-mutated advanced NSCLC. Here we describe the first RCT data evaluating the intracranial (IC) efficacy of sotorasib versus docetaxel from the CodeBreaK 200 study. Methods: Pts with KRAS G12C-mutated advanced NSCLC who progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy and a checkpoint inhibitor were randomized 1:1 to sotorasib (960 mg daily; n=171) or docetaxel (75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks; n=174). Patients with treated, stable (non-progressing) brain metastases were eligible for study. Baseline brain imaging, by contrast enhanced MRI, was performed for all pts at screening. For pts with history of or brain metastasis at baseline, the brain MRI was repeated at every subsequent imaging assessment (every 6 weeks). A post-hoc analysis on IC efficacy (CNS PFS and time to CNS recurrence) was assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR) per modified Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology Brain Metastases (mRANO-BM). Systemic response was also assessed by RECIST 1.1. Results: CNS metastases by imaging at baseline were present in 40 pts (23%) in the sotorasib arm and 29 pts (17%) in the docetaxel arm (full analysis set, FAS). With a median follow-up of 20.0 months, the median systemic PFS by RECIST 1.1 in the FAS was 6.1 months versus 4.5 months (HR 0.57 [95% CI: 0.30, 1.07], P=0.045) for sotorasib versus docetaxel, respectively. Time to CNS recurrence in the FAS was 9.6 months with sotorasib versus 5.4 months with docetaxel (HR 0.84 [95% CI: 0.32, 2.19], P=0.37). Treatment-related adverse events of any grade occurred in 77.5% of pts treated with sotorasib versus 89.7% of pts treated with docetaxel. Conclusions: In the first randomized evaluation of IC activity of any KRASG12C inhibitor, sotorasib demonstrated a reduced risk of progression and trend towards delayed time to CNS recurrence versus docetaxel in patients with pretreated KRAS G12C-mutated advanced NSCLC who had treated, stable brain metastases. These results suggest IC activity with sotorasib to complement the overall PFS benefit observed with sotorasib versus docetaxel. Clinical trial information: NCT04303780 .