bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable expression of cyanide detoxification and tolerance genes in cyanogenic and acyanogenic white clover (Trifolium repens)
Authors: Kuo Wen‐Hsi , Small Linda L. , Olsen Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPremiseβ‐Cyanoalanine synthase (β‐CAS) and alternative oxidase (AOX) play important roles in the ability of plants to detoxify and tolerate hydrogen cyanide (HCN). These functions are critical for all plants because HCN is produced at low levels during basic metabolic processes, and especially for cyanogenic species, which release high levels of HCN following tissue damage. However, expression of β‐CAS and Aox genes has not been examined in cyanogenic species, nor compared between cyanogenic and acyanogenic genotypes within a species.MethodsWe used a natural polymorphism for cyanogenesis in white clover to examine β‐CAS and Aox gene expression in relation to cyanogenesis‐associated HCN exposure. We identified all β‐CAS and Aox gene copies present in the genome, including members of the Aox1, Aox2a, and Aox2d subfamilies previously reported in legumes. Expression levels were compared between cyanogenic and acyanogenic genotypes and between damaged and undamaged leaf tissue.Resultsβ‐CAS and Aox2a expression was differentially elevated in cyanogenic genotypes, and tissue damage was not required to induce this increased expression. Aox2d, in contrast, appeared to be upregulated as a generalized wounding response.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a heightened constitutive role for HCN detoxification (via elevated β‐CAS expression) and HCN‐toxicity mitigation (via elevated Aox2a expression) in plants that are capable of cyanogenesis. As such, freezing‐induced cyanide autotoxicity is unlikely to be the primary selective factor in the evolution of climate‐associated cyanogenesis clines.
Spiny but photogenic: Amateur sightings complement herbarium specimens to reveal the bioregions of cacti
Authors: Calvente Alice , da Silva Ana Paula Alves , Edler Daniel , Carvalho Fernanda Antunes , Fantinati Mariana Ramos , Zizka Alexander , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPremiseCacti are characteristic elements of the Neotropical flora and of major interest for biogeographic, evolutionary, and ecological studies. We tested global biogeographic boundaries for Neotropical Cactaceae using specimen‐based occurrences, coupled with data from visual observations, as a means to tackle the known collection biases in the family.MethodsSpecies richness and record density were assessed for preserved specimens and human observations, and a bioregional scheme tailored to Cactaceae was produced using the interactive web application Infomap Bioregions, based on data from 261,272 point records cleaned through automated and manual steps.ResultsWe found that areas in Mexico and southwestern USA, in eastern Brazil, and along the Andean region have the greatest density of records and the highest species richness. Human observations complement information from preserved specimens substantially, especially along the Andes. We propose 24 cactus bioregions, among which the most species‐rich are northern Mexico/southwestern USA, central Mexico, southern central Mexico, Central America, Mexican Pacific coast, central and southern Andes, northwestern Mexico/extreme southwestern USA, southwestern Bolivia, northeastern Brazil, and Mexico/Baja California.ConclusionsThe bioregionalization proposed shows biogeographic boundaries specific to cacti and can thereby aid further evolutionary, biogeographic, and ecological studies by providing a validated framework for further analyses. This classification builds upon, and is distinctive from, other expert‐derived regionalization schemes for other taxa. Our results showcase how observation data, including citizen‐science records, can complement traditional specimen‐based data for biogeographic research, particularly for taxa with specific specimen collection and preservation challenges and those that are threatened or internationally protected.
Hydrocytium expands the phylogenetic, morphological, and genomic diversity of the poorly known green algal order Chaetopeltidales
Authors: Barcytė Dovilė , Eliáš Marek 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPremiseChaetopeltidales is a small, understudied order of the green algal class Chlorophyceae, that is slowly expanding with the occasional discoveries of novel algae. Here we demonstrate that hitherto unrecognized chaetopeltidaleans also exist among previously described but neglected and misclassified species.MethodsStrain SAG 40.91 of Characium acuminatum, shown by previous preliminary evidence to have affinities with the orders Oedogoniales, Chaetophorales, and Chaetopeltidales (together constituting the OCC clade), was investigated with light and electron microscopy to characterize its morphology and ultrastructure. Sequence assemblies of the organellar and nuclear genomes were obtained and utilized in bioinformatic and phylogenetic analyses to address the phylogenetic position of the alga and its salient genomic features.ResultsThe characterization of strain SAG 40.91 and a critical literature review led us to reinstate the forgotten genus Hydrocytium A.Braun 1855, with SAG 40.91 representing its type species, Hydrocytium acuminatum. Independent molecular markers converged on placing H. acuminatum as a deeply diverged lineage of the order Chaetopeltidales, formalized as the new family Hydrocytiaceae. Both chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes shared characteristics with other members of Chaetopeltidales and were bloated by repetitive sequences. Notably, the mitochondrial cox2a gene was transferred into the nuclear genome in the H. acuminatum lineage, independently of the same event in Volvocales. The nuclear genome data from H. acuminatum and from another chaetopeltidalean that was reported by others revealed endogenized viral sequences corresponding to novel members of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota.ConclusionsThe resurrected genus Hydrocytium expands the known diversity of chaetopeltidalean algae and provides the first glimpse into their virosphere.
Effects of provisioning on the activity budget and foraging strategies of black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Hong‐Bo , Sun Jing , Li Lun‐Hong , Zhou Ying , Fang Xue‐Lan , Li Bo‐Yan , Guo Long‐Jie , Geng Ying , Wang Chun‐Ping , Huang Zhi‐Pang , Garber Paul A. , Yang Yin , Cui Liang‐Wei , Xiao Wen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProvisioning can significantly affect the ranging patterns, foraging strategies, and time budget of wild primates. In this study, we document for the first time, the effects of provisioning on the activity budget and foraging effort in an Asian colobine. Over 3‐years, we used an instantaneous scanning method at 10‐min intervals to collect data on the activity budget of a semiprovisioned breeding band (SPB) of black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) (42–70 individuals) at Xiangguqing (Tacheng), Yunnan, China. We then compared the effects of provisioning in our study band with published data on a sympatric wild nonprovisioned breeding band (NPB) ofR. bieti(ca. 360 monkeys) at the same field site. The SPB spent 25.6% of their daytime feeding, 17.1% traveling, 46.9% resting, and 10.3% socializing. In comparison, the NPB devoted more time to feeding (34.9%) and socializing (14.1%), less time to resting (31.3%), and was characterized by a greater foraging effort (1.74 versus 0.96, foraging effort = (feeding + traveling)/resting; see Methods). There was no difference between bands in the proportion of their activity budget devoted to traveling (15.7% vs. 17.1%). In addition, the SPB exhibited a more consistent activity budget and foraging effort across all seasons of the year compared to the NPB. These findings suggest that the distribution, availability, and productivity of naturally occurring feeding sites is a major determinant of the behavioral strategies and activity budget ofR. bieti. Finally, a comparison of our results with data on six nonprovisionedR. bietibands indicates that caution must be raised in meta‐analyses or intraspecific comparisons of primate behavioral ecology that contain data generated from both provisioned and nonprovisioned groups.
Comparison of sublingual microcirculatory parameters measured by sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy in anesthetized pigs and adult humans
Authors: Lala Raushan , Homes Ryan , Pratt Shaun , Goodwin Wendy , Midwinter Mark 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare sublingual microcirculatory parameters between anesthetized pigs and conscious adult humans using sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy. The overarching aim of the work was to validate the pig as an experimental model of changes in microcirculatory function following traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.MethodsFourteen large white pigs and 14 humans were recruited for the study. Sublingual sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy clips were captured in anesthetized pigs and conscious humans. Clips underwent manual analysis in Automated Vascular Analysis 3.2 software. The total vessel density (TVD), perfused vessel density (PVD), proportion of perfused vessels (PPVs) and microvascular flow index (MFI) were quantified. An independent samples t test was used for between species comparison of microcirculatory parameters.Results and ConclusionsConscious humans had a significantly lower TVD, PVD and MFI than anesthetized pigs. No significant difference in PPVs was observed between the species. Perfusion of the microcirculation is a critical determinant of tissue metabolic function and viability. Whilst it may not be surprising that some interspecies differences in the sublingual microcirculatory anatomy were identified between pig and human subjects, it is interesting to report the insignificant difference in PPVs. This direct microcirculatory measure represents a relative change which should hold translatable value across species. We therefore conclude the pig is a suitable model for microcirculatory research and may be a suitable species to investigate changes in microcirculatory perfusion following perturbations in cardiovascular homeostasis, for example during traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.
Urea‐Functionalized Fe4L6 Cages for Supramolecular Gold Catalyst Encapsulation to Control Substrate Activation Modes
Authors: Xu Meiling , Jing Xu , Sun Bin , He Cheng , Reek Joost N. H. , Duan Chunying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe excellent catalytic performances of enzymes in terms of activity and selectivity are an inspiration for synthetic chemists and this has resulted in the development of synthetic containers for supramolecular catalysis. In such containers the local environment and pre‐organization of catalysts and substrates leads to control of the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. Herein we report a supramolecular strategy to encapsulate single catalysts in a urea‐functionalized Fe4L6 cage, which can co‐encapsulate a functionalized urea substrate through hydrogen bonding. Distinguished selectivity is obtained, imposed by the cage as site isolation only allows catalysis through π activation of the substrate and as a result the selectivity is independent of catalyst concentration. The encapsulated catalyst is more active than the free analogue, an effect that can be ascribed to transitionstate stabilization rather than substrate pre‐organization, as revealed by the MM kinetic data. The simple strategy reported here is expected to be of general use in many reactions, for which the catalyst can be functionalized with a sulfonate group required for encapsulation.
Evaluation of the adhesive properties of vanillin‐derived polyhydroxy urethanes
Authors: Ghuge Gorakh Hiraman , Kambikanam Karthika Vayalachery , Nair Kiran Sukumaran 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPoly(hydroxy urethanes) (PHUs) have been considered attractive and safer variants of conventional polyurethanes (PUs). To improve the prerequisites of green and sustainable chemistry herein, we propose the synthesis and utilization of cyclic carbonate monomers majorly derived from vanillin, a lignin derivative, and CO2 for the development of PHUs. Kinetic evaluation on the polymerization temperature ascertained 80°C as the optimum condition for PHU synthesis. The structural evaluation of PHUs was carried out by various spectroscopic techniques, such as FTIR, 1HNMR, and 13C‐NMR, molar masses were determined by gel permeation chromatography (Mn varied between 2500 and 11,100 g/mol), and thermal properties evaluated by differential scanning calorimeter (Tg in the ranges of 28–42°C), and thermogravimetric analysis (stable above 180°C). Since the PHUs are enriched with pendant hydroxyl groups on their backbone which can promote adhesion, lap shear studies on the aluminum substrate exhibited a maximum shear strength of 1.65 ± 0.37 MPa. This study demonstrates an attractive and environment‐friendly pathway for developing novel PHUs network using renewable biobased resources and further explores its applicability as adhesives.
A comparison of methods for excluding light from stems to evaluate stem photosynthesis
Authors: Valverdi Nadia A. , Acosta Camilla , Dauber Gabriella R. , Goldsmith Gregory R. , Ávila‐Lovera Eleinis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPremiseA comparison of methods using different materials to exclude light from stems to prevent stem CO2 exchange (i.e., photosynthesis), without affecting stem conductance to water vapor, surface temperature, and relative humidity, was conducted on stems of avocado trees in California.Methods and ResultsThe experiment featured three materials: aluminum foil, paper‐based wrap, and mineral‐based paint. We examined stem CO2 exchange with and without the light exclusion treatments. We also examined stem surface temperature, relative humidity, and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) under the cover materials. All materials reduced PAR and stem CO2 exchange. However, aluminum foil reduced stem surface temperature and increased relative humidity.ConclusionsMethods used to study stem CO2 exchange through light exclusion have historically relied on methods that may induce experimental artifacts. Among the methods tested here, mineral‐based paint effectively reduced PAR without affecting stem surface temperature and relative humidity around the stem.
Electro‐Chemo‐Mechanical Failure Mechanisms of Solid‐State Electrolytes
Authors: Wu Quan , Xiong Shizhao , Li Fujun , Matic Aleksandar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSolid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (SSLMBs) are considered as the next‐generation energy storage systems due to their high theoretical energy density and safety. However, the practical deployment of SSLMBs has been impeded by the failure of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) which is indicated by the increased impedance, elevated polarization, and capacity degradation. The failure is commonly a result of lithium (Li) dendrite growth and propagation, inactive Li generation, unstable interface formation, void and pore formation, and crack infiltration. The failure processes can be divided into electric failure, (electro)chemical failure, and mechanical failure based on the different mechanisms. The systematical understanding of SSEs failure is crucial for the development of SSEs. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the details of the three SSEs failure to provide new insights for future studies, shedding light on the design of SSLMBs with high energy density, safety, and cycling stability.
‘I make a lot of the choices myself—I think I've taught myself that through the imbalance of support’: The internal conversations, reflexivity and post‐school educational achievement of care‐experienced young people
Authors: Matchett Elaine , Appleton Peter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe percentage of care‐experienced young people in England progressing to university by the age of 19 currently stands at around 12–13% with a further 10% of care‐experienced adults attending university during their 20s and 30s. This figure remains lower than both the general population and other groups of disadvantaged learners. It is well established that the educational attainment of care‐experienced young people can be impacted by a range of barriers to learning. Existing research often focuses on the importance of key adults and their role in supporting young people in care. A small number of studies examine the reflexive capacities of the young people themselves through the lens of sociologist Margaret Archer's model of modes of reflexivity and internal conversations. Archer's theory can be utilised to understand how care‐experienced young people navigate their circumstances. The notion of the internal conversation offers a way to understand how some young people growing up in care develop more stable modes of reflexivity, namely autonomous, communicative or meta‐reflexive. Here we contribute to new knowledge by considering care‐experienced young people who develop communicative and autonomous aspects to their day‐to‐day life functioning. This paper draws on findings and analysis from interviews conducted as part of the first author's PhD (2020) which considered the reflexive capacities of care‐experienced young people who self‐identified as higher achievers. We utilise Archer's modes of reflexivity to explore participants’ internal conversations and to develop our understanding of the relationships, experiences and personal skills that underpin successful educational journeys.
Business sustainability under the influence of female directors toward the risk‐taking in innovation: Evidence from textual analysis
Authors: Korphaibool Veerawin , Chindasombatcharoen Pongsapak , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Jiraporn Pornsit , Treepongkaruna Sirimon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInnovation is one of the crucial drivers that stimulates firms toward Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but successful innovation comes with high uncertainty since innovation involves large capital expenditures and complex processes. The characteristics of the board of directors (BOD) influence their perceptions, preferences, and interpretation which affect their decision‐making and firm outcomes. This study emphasizes the relationship between female directors and corporate innovation. We use text‐based measures of innovation (TBI) to capture innovation investment. The fixed‐effects regression results suggest that female directors reduce the innovation investment level of the firm. The empirical results are tested for robustness using a two‐stage least square instrumental variables (2SLS‐IV) analysis and a two‐step system generalized method of moment (GMM) panel estimator. The latter supports the initial results and aligns with the Upper Echelons Theory (UET), where the characteristics of the BOD determine the organizational outcomes. The findings conclude that female directors influence the decision outcomes of the BOD toward risk‐neutral, which lowers innovation investments while maintaining the firm profitability.
Review on Porous Ceramic‐Based Form‐Stable Phase Change Materials: Preparation, Enhance Thermal Conductivity, and Application
Authors: Chen Yuhui , Sun Jiaxiang , Jiang Pengyang , Chai Zonghua , Zhang Baiqiang , Li Junhui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA phase change material is an ideal energy storage material with huge latent heat and nearly constant phase change temperature, but there are serious problems in application such as leakage and low thermal conductivity. Porous ceramic matrixes are widely used in phase change material packaging because of their controllable porosity, large specific surface area, and high thermal conductivity. This paper introduces the preparation of porous ceramics and encapsulation of form‐stable phase change materials (FSPCMs) based on porous ceramics, thermal conductivity enhancement and other aspects of the comb, in addition, the applications of porous ceramic‐based FSPCMs in industrial waste heat recovery, temperature regulation of buildings, solar energy collection and storage, and battery thermal management system are summarized, in order to provide reference for the performance optimization of porous ceramic‐based FSPCMs and explore new preparation methods, finally, the challenges and future development of the FSPCMS are summarized. Porous ceramic‐based FSPCMs are expected to make major breakthroughs in the future to solve the increasingly serious energy problems.
A super‐geriatric patient with gastrostomy underwent life‐threatening prothrombin time‐international normalized ratio prolongation by warfarin following fasting and antibiotic therapy
Authors: Saeki Misa , Watanabe Ayako , Momo Kenji , Kashiwabara Yuka , Iha Tatsuki , Nagata Takuya , Fujiwara Akiko , Tanaka Katsumi 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageA 97‐year‐old woman with gastrostomy had a drastic enhancement for PT‐INR after starting antibiotic therapy. Possible causes include (1) vitamin K deficiency due to fasting and (2) a combination of warfarin and antibiotics.AbstractGeriatric and Asian‐descent patients are more sensitive to the effects of warfarin, a key anticoagulant drug. In this report, we present a 97‐year‐old bedridden woman being treated with warfarin for cardiogenic cerebral infarction and femoral neck replacement as part of in‐home medical care with a gastrostomy and was admitted to our hospital after developing pneumonia. We discontinued warfarin and started antibiotics, and her pneumonia‐related symptoms improved. Eleven days after restarting warfarin, the patient's PT‐INR surpassed the upper limit for measurement (over 10). We considered the mechanism might be triggered by (1) fasting, low nutrition status; and (2) antibiotics secondary to risk factors such as gastrostomy and being a super‐geriatric woman. We recommend careful monitoring of PT‐INR in patients treated with warfarin and antibiotics, especially in the setting of gastrostomy or older persons.
Spin Qubit in a 2D GdIIINaI‐Based Oxamato Supramolecular Coordination Framework
Authors: Wang Jia , Jing Yu , Cui Ming‐Hui , Lu Yi‐Ming , Ouyang Zhongwen , Shao Chongyun , Wang Zhenxing , Song You 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQubits are the basic unit of quantum information and computation. To realize quantum computing and information processing, the decoherence times of qubits must be long enough. Among the studies of molecule‐based electron spin qubits, most of the work focused on the ions with the spin S=1/2, where only single‐bit gates can be constructed. However, quantum operations require the qubits to interact with each other, so people gradually carry out relevant research in ions or systems with S>1/2 and multilevel states. In this work, a two‐dimensional (2D) oxygen‐coordinated GdIIINaI‐based oxamato supramolecular coordination framework, Na[Gd(4‐HOpa)4(H2O)] ⋅ 2H2O (1, 4‐HOpa=N‐4‐hydroxyphenyloxamate), was selected as a possible carrier of qubit. The field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation shows this system has phonon bottleneck (PB) effect at low temperatures with a very weak magnetic anisotropy. The pulse electron paramagnetic resonance studies show the spin‐lattice and spin‐spin relaxation times are T1=1.66 ms at 4 K and Tm=4.25 μs at 8 K for its diamagnetically diluted sample (1Gd0.12 %). It suggested that the relatively long decoherence time is mainly ascribed to its near isotropic and the PB effect from resonance phonon trapped for pure sample, while the dilution further improves its qubit performance.