bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Federated Learning with Privacy-preserving and Model IP-right-protection
Authors: Yang Qiang , Huang Anbu , Fan Lixin , Chan Chee Seng , Lim Jian Han , Ng Kam Woh , Ong Ding Sheng , Li Bowen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the past decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved unprecedented success, where statistical models become the central entity in AI. However, the centralized training and inference paradigm for building and using these models is facing more and more privacy and legal challenges. To bridge the gap between data privacy and the need for data fusion, an emerging AI paradigm federated learning (FL) has emerged as an approach for solving data silos and data privacy problems. Based on secure distributed AI, federated learning emphasizes data security throughout the lifecycle, which includes the following steps: data preprocessing, training, evaluation, and deployments. FL keeps data security by using methods, such as secure multi-party computation (MPC), differential privacy, and hardware solutions, to build and use distributed multiple-party machine-learning systems and statistical models over different data sources. Besides data privacy concerns, we argue that the concept of “model” matters, when developing and deploying federated models, they are easy to expose to various kinds of risks including plagiarism, illegal copy, and misuse. To address these issues, we introduce FedIPR, a novel ownership verification scheme, by embedding watermarks into FL models to verify the ownership of FL models and protect model intellectual property rights (IPR or IP-right for short). While security is at the core of FL, there are still many articles referred to distributed machine learning with no security guarantee as “federated learning”, which are not satisfied with the FL definition supposed to be. To this end, in this paper, we reiterate the concept of federated learning and propose secure federated learning (SFL), where the ultimate goal is to build trustworthy and safe AI with strong privacy-preserving and IP-right-preserving. We provide a comprehensive overview of existing works, including threats, attacks, and defenses in each phase of SFL from the lifecycle perspective.
Deep Gradient Learning for Efficient Camouflaged Object Detection
Authors: Ji Ge-Peng , Fan Deng-Ping , Chou Yu-Cheng , Dai Dengxin , Liniger Alexander , Van Gool Luc 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces deep gradient network (DGNet), a novel deep framework that exploits object gradient supervision for camouflaged object detection (COD). It decouples the task into two connected branches, i.e., a context and a texture encoder. The essential connection is the gradient-induced transition, representing a soft grouping between context and texture features. Benefiting from the simple but efficient framework, DGNet outperforms existing state-of-the-art COD models by a large margin. Notably, our efficient version, DGNet-S, runs in real-time (80 fps) and achieves comparable results to the cutting-edge model JCSOD-CVPR21 with only 6.82% parameters. The application results also show that the proposed DGNet performs well in the polyp segmentation, defect detection, and transparent object segmentation tasks. The code will be made available at https://github.com/GewelsJI/DGNet.
Brain-inspired Intelligent Robotics: Theoretical Analysis and Systematic Application
Authors: Qiao Hong , Wu Ya-Xiong , Zhong Shan-Lin , Yin Pei-Jie , Chen Jia-Hao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTraditional joint-link robots have been widely used in production lines because of their high precision for single tasks. With the development of the manufacturing and service industries, the requirement for the comprehensive performance of robotics is growing. Numerous types of bio-inspired robotics have been investigated to realize human-like motion control and manipulation. A study route from inner mechanisms to external structures is proposed to imitate humans and animals better. With this idea, a brain-inspired intelligent robotic system is constructed that contains visual cognition, decision-making, motion control, and musculoskeletal structures. This paper reviews cutting-edge research in brain-inspired visual cognition, decision-making, motion control, and musculoskeletal systems. Two software systems and a corresponding hardware system are established, aiming at the verification and applications of next-generation brain-inspired musculoskeletal robots.
A review on application of nanoparticles for EOR purposes: history and current challenges
Authors: Iravani Mostafa , Khalilnezhad Zahra , Khalilnezhad Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractApplications of nanotechnology in several fields of petroleum industry, e.g., refinery, drilling and enhanced oil recovery (EOR), have attracted a lot of attention, recently. This research investigates the applications of nanoparticles in EOR process. The potential of various nanoparticles, in hybrid and bare forms for altering the state of wettability, reducing the interfacial tension (IFT), changing the viscosity and activation of other EOR mechanisms are studied based on recent findings. Focusing on EOR, hybrid applications of nanoparticles with surfactants, polymers, low-salinity phases and foams are discussed and their synergistic effects are evaluated. Also, activated EOR mechanisms are defined and specified. Since the stabilization of nanofluids in harsh conditions of reservoir is vital for EOR applications, different methods for stabilizing nanofluids through EOR procedures are reviewed. Besides, a discussion on different functional groups of NPs is represented. Later, an economic model for evaluation of EOR process is examined and “Hotelling” method as an appropriate model for investigation of economic aspects of EOR process is introduced in detail. The findings of this study can lead to better understanding of fundamental basis about efficiency of nanoparticles in EOR process, activated EOR mechanisms during application of nanoparticles, selection of appropriate nanoparticles, the methods of stabilizing and economic evaluation for EOR process with respect to costs and outcomes.
Spare Parts, Repairs, Trade Marks and Consumer Understanding
Authors: Tischner Anna , Stasiuk Katarzyna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe climate crisis has added circularity and sustainability arguments to those of competition and the consumer-friendly justification of limitations to design and trade mark rights. The increasingly widespread “right to repair” has changed consumer knowledge and understanding. This article presents the results of experimental studies on the perception of trade marks used in the commercialisation of spare parts and the impact thereof on how a product’s origin and quality are perceived. Against this background, there is a discussion of the recent referral by a Polish court, in case C-334/22, Audi, concerning the problem of spare parts that reproduce a trade mark as an element of the appearance of the part.
Flexible, Highly Thermally Conductive and Electrically Insulating Phase Change Materials for Advanced Thermal Management of 5G Base Stations and Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Lin Ying , Kang Qi , Liu Yijie , Zhu Yingke , Jiang Pingkai , Mai Yiu-Wing , Huang Xingyi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThermal management has become a crucial problem for high-power-density equipment and devices. Phase change materials (PCMs) have great prospects in thermal management applications because of their large capacity of heat storage and isothermal behavior during phase transition. However, low intrinsic thermal conductivity, ease of leakage, and lack of flexibility severely limit their applications. Solving one of these problems often comes at the expense of other performance of the PCMs. In this work, we report core–sheath structured phase change nanocomposites (PCNs) with an aligned and interconnected boron nitride nanosheet network by combining coaxial electrospinning, electrostatic spraying, and hot-pressing. The advanced PCN films exhibit an ultrahigh thermal conductivity of 28.3 W m−1 K−1 at a low BNNS loading (i.e., 32 wt%), which thereby endows the PCNs with high enthalpy (> 101 J g−1), outstanding ductility (> 40%) and improved fire retardancy. Therefore, our core–sheath strategies successfully balance the trade-off between thermal conductivity, flexibility, and phase change enthalpy of PCMs. Further, the PCNs provide powerful cooling solutions on 5G base station chips and thermoelectric generators, displaying promising thermal management applications on high-power-density equipment and thermoelectric conversion devices.
Ultrafast Synthesis of Metal-Layered Hydroxides in a Dozen Seconds for High-Performance Aqueous Zn (Micro-) Battery
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Chen Fangshuai , Zhao Bo , Zhang Shaohua , Zheng Xiaoyu , Wang Ying , Jin Xuting , Dai Chunlong , Wang Jiaqi , Xie Jing , Zhang Zhipan , Zhao Yang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEfficient synthesis of transition metal hydroxides on conductive substrate is essential for enhancing their merits in industrialization of energy storage field. However, most of the synthetic routes at present mainly rely on traditional bottom-up method, which involves tedious steps, time-consuming treatments, or additional alkaline media, and is unfavorable for high-efficiency production. Herein, we present a facile, ultrafast and general avenue to synthesize transition metal hydroxides on carbon substrate within 13 s by Joule-heating method. With high reaction kinetics caused by the instantaneous high temperature, seven kinds of transition metal-layered hydroxides (TM-LDHs) are formed on carbon cloth. Therein, the fastest synthesis rate reaches ~ 0.46 cm2 s−1. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate the nucleation energy barriers and potential mechanism for the formation of metal-based hydroxides on carbon substrates. This efficient approach avoids the use of extra agents, multiple steps, and long production time and endows the LDHs@carbon cloth with outstanding flexibility and machinability, showing practical advantages in both common and micro-zinc ion-based energy storage devices. To prove its utility, as a cathode in rechargeable aqueous alkaline Zn (micro-) battery, the NiCo LDH@carbon cloth exhibits a high energy density, superior to most transition metal LDH materials reported so far.
Luminescence in Er3+ co-doped bismuth germinate glass–ceramics for blue and green emitting applications
Authors: Kashif I. , Ratep A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGlass samples with the composition 40 Bi2O3-60 GeO2-x Er2O3 are prepared using the melt quenching procedure. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), Ultraviolet/Visible/Near-infrared (UV/Vis–NIR) absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to characterize the glass and glass–ceramic materials. The glass transition and crystallization temperatures are determined. Crystallization kinetics was studied in non-isothermal conditions. The oscillator strengths and Judd–Ofelt parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) for reported Er3+ absorption transitions are estimated, and they follow the trend Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4 for observed Er3+ absorption transitions. The iconicity of glass samples was unaffected by an increase in Er3+ ions. XRD and FTIR confirmed the formation of the Bi4Ge3O12 phase after heat treatment of glass samples at the crystallization temperature. The CIE chromaticity diagram computes the CIE chromatic coordinates. The values for all glass and crystal samples are close to bright blue and green. Glass and glass ceramic samples are suitable for green and blue optoelectronics device applications.
Impact of Implementing and Lifting COVID-19 Lockdown on Study and Physical Activity Patterns Among Youths in China
Authors: Yang Shujuan , Yu Wanqi , Jia Peng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective:
The youths’ study and physical activity (PA) patterns may have been affected by lockdown measures due to COVID-19. This study aimed to reveal how youths’ study and PA patterns had changed after implementing and lifting COVID-19 lockdown in China.

Methods:
The COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS) was used, where 10082 youth participants voluntarily reported their study and PA patterns in the 3 periods before, during, and after COVID-19 lockdown. PA was measured as the weekly frequency of engaging in active transport for commuting/errands, leisure-time walking, leisure-time moderate-/vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and moderate-/vigorous-intensity housework (MVH); study patterns were measured as the daily average study time and the major study modes. We assessed differences of these variables across educational levels, sex, and periods.

Results:
The significant decreases were generally observed during lockdown in the frequency of active transport for commuting/ errands (1.3 to 0.2 days/ week), leisure-time walking (1.0 to 0.2 days/ week), leisure-time MVPA (0.7 to 0.3 days/ week), and MVH (2.3 to 2.0 days/ week), with heterogeneities existing between sexes and across educational levels, except for the increase in MVH engagement among graduate students, especially female (1.5 to 2.4 days/ week). Rebounds were observed in the frequency of all activities except MVH after lifting lockdown (2.0 to 1.9 days/ week). The average study time generally increased during lockdown, with more youths studying for 1 - 4 hours/ day and less studying for < 1 hour/ day, and further increased after lockdown. A main shift of study modes has been from in-class to online study after implementing lockdown.

Conclusions:
The youths’ PA level have generally decreased, and study patterns significantly changed during and after lockdown in China. Our results would inform policymakers and educational administrators of the declined PA levels and changed study patterns among youths during COVID-19 lockdown for better policy making. In - class and/ or extracurricular PA programs could be designed to counteract those effects under cooperation of youths’ parents.
Genetic heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease across ancestries: Insights for mechanisms and therapeutic intervention
Authors: Soremekun Opeyemi , Dib Marie-Joe , Rajasundaram Skanda , Fatumo Segun , Gill Dipender 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are complex in their aetiology, arising due to a combination of genetics, lifestyle and environmental factors. By nature of this complexity, different CVDs vary in their molecular mechanisms, clinical presentation and progression. Although extensive efforts are being made to develop novel therapeutics for CVDs, genetic heterogeneity is often overlooked in the development process. By considering molecular mechanisms at an individual and ancestral level, a richer understanding of the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors can be gained and more refined therapeutic interventions can be developed. It is therefore expedient to understand the molecular and clinical heterogeneity in CVDs that exists across different populations. In this review, we highlight how the mechanisms underlying CVDs vary across diverse population ancestry groups due to genetic heterogeneity. We then discuss how such genetic heterogeneity is being leveraged to inform therapeutic interventions and personalised medicine, highlighting examples across the CVD spectrum. Finally, we present an overview of how polygenic risk scores and Mendelian randomisation can foster more robust insight into disease mechanisms and therapeutic intervention in diverse populations. Fulfilment of the vision of precision medicine requires more exhaustive leveraging of the genetic variability across diverse ancestry populations to improve our understanding of disease onset, progression and response to therapeutic intervention.
Burden of Anaemia, Hypertension and Diabetes among pregnant women in India
Authors: Chauhan Bal Govind , Chokhandre Praveen K. , Kulaste Baldev Singh , Sivanandan Vini 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNon-communicable Diseases such as anaemia, hypertension and diabetes and their treatment may upsurge the risk of childbirth-related complications for both women and their babies. The present study is an attempt to assess the level and determinants of Anaemia, Hypertension and Diabetes among pregnant women using the fourth round of National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16) data. Bivariate and logistic regression techniques have been used for data analysis. Study findings suggest that the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was found to be 25.9%, whereas the corresponding figure for hypertension and diabetes were 4.4% and 2.4%, respectively. Further, substantial socio-economic differentials have been observed in the prevalence of Anaemia, Hypertension and Diabetes among pregnant women. Results of regression analysis suggest that anaemia and hypertension were significantly higher among women in their third trimester [(OR = 2.10; p < 0.001) and (OR = 1.63; p < 0.001)], respectively, compared to women in the first trimester. Similarly, pregnant women in the age group 35-49 were at an elevated risk of hypertension (OR = 2.78; p < 0.001)) and diabetes (OR = 2.50; p < 0.001)) compared to women aged 15-24. Further, the risk of anaemia was found to be significantly lower among pregnant women from the richest quintile (OR = 0.71; p < 0.001) and women with higher educational level (OR = 0.72; p < 0.001) when compared to women from the poorest wealth quintile and women with no formal education respectively. Similarly, pregnant women from the richest quintile (OR = 1.68; p < 0.001) and women from other religion (OR = 1.75; p < 0.001) are significantly more likely to develop diabetes compared to women from the poorest quintile and women from the Hindu religion, respectively. In conclusion, early screening for predicting the risk of gestational anaemia, gestational diabetes, and gestational hypertension is critical in minimizing maternal and reproductive outcomes. The existing guidelines for Screening and Management of Gestational Diabetes, Gestational Hypertension need to be contextualized and modified according to a local need for effective treatment.
A comprehensive study of medically serious suicide attempts in France: incidence and associated factors
Authors: Corbé J. , Montout C. , Fares A. , Belhadj I. , Boudemaghe T. , Mura T. , Lopez-Castroman J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Aims
People who make medically serious suicide attempts (MSSAs) share a number of features with those who die by suicide, and are at a high risk of suicide themselves. Studies to date have mostly focused on clinical samples of MSSAs. An epidemiological examination at a national level can help to identify risk profiles and pathways of care in this population.

Methods
We explored the French nationwide hospital discharge database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information, PMSI) to identify any MSSA taking place between 2012 and 2019. Relevant demographic and medical information was collected about the first MSSA of each attempter. Data from 2010 and 2011 were used to verify the absence of prior attempts.

Results
First occurrences of MSSAs amounted to 81 959 cases over 8 years, with a mean age of 45.8 years, and 53.6% women. Incidence was higher in women (18.1 v. 17.3 per 1 00 000). The most common suicide method was deliberate self-poisoning (64.9% of cases). In comparison, violent methods associated higher mortality and comorbidity and were more frequent in men. The most common mental disorders were mood disorders (55.6%) and substance use disorders (46.2%). A minority of MSSA survivors were hospitalised in psychiatry (32.5%), mostly women.

Conclusions
MSSAs are frequent and easy to identify. There is a need to reinforce the continuity of psychiatric care for this population given the high risk of subsequent suicide, and the low rates of psychiatric hospitalisation after an MSSA even if violent methods are used. Specific care targeting this population could reduce treatment gaps.
Sustainable weed management – What is it and how are we doing?
Authors: McCauley Cara , Legleiter Travis , Herman Rod , Rasoulpour Reza , Schroeder Jill , Pilcher Todd , Meinders Karen , Wright Terry 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe topic of sustainability is popular in mainstream media and a common discussion theme, particularly for the agriculture discipline that serves the entire world. Individuals and corporations often have a desire to be sustainable in their practices, but the commentary on “being sustainable” can be confusing in terms of realistic practices. To define whether weed science is sustainable one must first identify the resource or object to be sustained. From a historical perspective, weed control in the United States over the past 40 yr has revolved around no-tillage row crop acres. The implementation of no-till or reduced till has undeniable benefits in sustaining natural resources, especially two of our most valuable resources: soil and water. While the overall trend toward chemical weed control has been shown to decrease agriculture’s impact on the environment, depending solely on herbicides is not sustainable long term with the rise in herbicide-resistant weed species. We also consider the benefits and challenges associated with agronomic trends within the context of sustainability and expand consideration to include emerging technology aligned to human health and environmental stewardship. The key to improving farming is producing more and safer food, feed, and fiber on less land while reducing adverse environmental effects, and this must be accomplished with the backdrop of human population growth and the desire for an improved standard of living globally. Emerging technologies provide new starting points for sustainable weed management solutions, and the weed science community can initiate the conversation on sustainable practices and share advancements with our colleagues and community members. In addition to broadening the sustainability concept, targeted and relevant communication tools will support the weed science community to have successful and impactful discussions.
Does Increasing Climate Model Horizontal Resolution Be Beneficial for the Mediterranean Region?: Multimodel Evaluation Framework for High‐Resolution Model Intercomparison Project
Authors: Mishra Alok Kumar , Jangir Babita , Strobach Ehud 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Mediterranean region (MR) is one of the climate change hot spots, posing serious threats to society. The insufficient resolution of the global climate models limits their capability to resolve the complex topography over MR, resulting in a large bias in climate variables. This study examines the performance of four Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six models from the High‐Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) in reproducing the Mediterranean climate. A special focus is put on the role of oceanic and atmospheric model horizontal resolution and spread among the models. Various aspects, relevant to air‐sea interactions and precipitation are examined, including the mean, extremes, and associated mechanisms. All HighResMIP models reasonably well capture the large‐scale oceanic and atmospheric characteristics, but there is a sizable model‐to‐model difference. The Hadley Centre Global Environment Model and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts generally perform better than the other models at comparable atmospheric and oceanic horizontal resolutions. A finer oceanic resolution improves the representation not only of oceanic characteristics (i.e., sea surface temperature, SST) but also of the atmospheric processes (wind and precipitation). Likewise, increasing atmospheric model resolution benefits various atmospheric and ocean characteristics. Over some sub‐basins of the Mediterranean Sea, the intensification of surface wind speed results in the deepening of the ocean's mixed layer leading to cooling, indicating negative feedback in Wind‐SST. In contrast, in other regions, the warmer SST results in the intensification of wind (positive feedback in Wind‐SST).