bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiration kinetics and allometric scaling in the demosponge Halichondria panicea
Authors: Kumala Lars , Thomsen Malte , Canfield Donald Eugene 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground:The aquiferous system in sponges represents one of the simplest circulatory systems used by animals for the internal uptake and distribution of oxygen and metabolic substrates. Its modular organization enables sponges to metabolically scale with size differently than animals with an internal circulatory system. In this case, metabolic rate is typically limited by surface to volume constraints to maintain an efficient supply of oxygen and food. Here, we consider the linkeage between oxygen concentration, the respiration rates of sponges and sponge size.Results:We explored respiration kinetics for individuals of the demospongeHalichondria paniceawith varying numbers of aquiferous modules (nmodule= 1-102). From this work we establish relationships between the sponge size, module number, maximum respiration rate (Rmax) and the half-saturation constant,Km, which is the oxygen concentration producing half of the maximum respiration rate,Rmax. We found that thenmoduleinH. paniceascales consistently with sponge volume (Vsp) and thatRmaxincreased with sponge size with a proportionality > 1. Conversly, we found a lack of correlation betweenKmand sponge body size suggesting that oxygen concentration does not control the size of sponges.Conclusions:The present study reveals that the addition of aquiferous modules (with a mean volume of 1.59 ± 0.22 mL) enablesH. paniceain particular, and likely demosponges in general, to grow far beyond constraints limiting the size of their component modules and independent of ambient oxygen levels.
Can protected areas and habitats preserve the vulnerable Predatory bush cricket Saga pedo?
Authors: Ancillotto Leonardo , Labadessa Rocco 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Inconspicuous species challenge conservationists when it comes to delineate long-term conservation planning or assess their status, particularly when their actual distribution is poorly known. Invertebrates in particular feature among the less represented taxa in conservation assessments. Here we follow a multidisciplinary approach for assessing the conservation coverage and address future management of the threatened orthopteran Saga pedo across Europe, shedding light on its ecological preferences and associations with protected habitats at continental and regional scales. By developing species distribution models and assessing coverage by Natura2000 and Nationally Protected Areas networks, we found that only 31% of suitable areas is currently protected across Europe, a proportion significantly higher when using occurrences instead of potential range. At regional scale, we disclose that different legally-protected dry grassland habitats increase more the species’ suitability than non-protected grasslands, yet differently-listed habitats do not equally contribute to such increase i.e., not all habitats represent an effective tool for the species’ conservation. Taken together, our results provide an effective framework for addressing knowledge gaps and evaluate the conservation coverage not only of our target species, but more in general of poorly investigated species, at the same time pointing at the urgent need of transnational, coordinated, and increased efforts in monitoring and conserving insects, particularly in the case of threatened species.
Development of a one-step sample to answer multiplex Hyper-branched Rolling Cycle Amplification (pR@FRET- MB@mHSRCA) with tunable hybrid signaling (pR@FRET-MB) for simultaneous pathogen detection in food
Authors: V. D. Carole Nanfack , Yang Jia , Yuan Xiao , Sun Jiadi , Sun Xiulan , Ji Jian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Salmonella and Staphylococcus foodborne diseases are the majors causes of human diseases and food losses impacting negatively society's well-being and economy. It is primordial to establish a simple and efficient method for specific detection and identification of bacteria. Hence the necessity of the isothermal amplification method. We designed a triple-probe multiplex rolling circle amplification procedure for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella and Staphylococcus. The long padlock probes were designed to target InvA and GlnA of respectively salmonella and staphylococcus and tagged with fluorophores. A pH-based detection method was then established for the visual detection of the targeted pathogens while the Fluorescence signal was used to efficiently identify the pathogen. After optimization of the detection procedure conditions, the one-step mHSRCA could be conducted at room temperature (30°C) for 3 hours. It shows specificity for both staphylococcus and salmonella with a detection limit of 0.039 µM/µl when the fluorescence signal is concern and 0.078µM/µl for the colorimetric signal when the synthetic bacteria gene target is used after 30minutes of test. The simulative test of the present method for effective detection of both bacteria spiked in milk show after 3 hours of amplification a detection limit of 10 CFU/ml and 5CFU/ml for respectively Staphylococcus and Salmonella when the fluorescent signal is concerned. The colorimetric signal the detection limit was 10x101 CFU/ml and 5x101 CFU/ml. In summary, the triple-probe-multiplex rolling circle amplification method could be effectively used for screening food against foodborne pathogens within hours with good specificity, high sensitivity, and easy result reading.
The role of LRP5-LRP6 gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on the risk of ABM in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Zebing , Ren Yanxia , Shao Han , Li Siyuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: A previous work has discovered that LRP5 and LRP6 locus are linked to the risk of ABM in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the role of LRP5-LRP6 SNP and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in the development of ABM in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus .
Methods:A total of 272 postmenopausal women, comprising 166 patients with abnormal bone mass (ABM) and 106 controls with normal bone mass, were recruited based on BMD results. BMD of the lumbar spine 1-4 (L1-4) and femoral neck (FN) was measured by dual-energy X-ray (DEXA), and polymorphisms and gene frequency distributions of LRP5 rs2306862, rs41494349, and LRP6 rs10743980, rs2302685 were determined by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
Results:1) Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of ABM was higher for the CT and CT/TT genotypes than for the CC genotype at the rs2306862 locus of the LRP5 gene (OR=2.353, 95%CI=1.039-6.186; OR=2.434, 95%CI=1.071, 5.531; P<0.05). TC genotype at the rs2302685 locus of the LRP6 gene has a higher risk of ABM than TT genotype (OR=2.951, 95%CI=1.030-8.457, P<0.05). 2) Polymorphisms at the rs2306862&rs10743980, rs41494349&rs2302685&rs10743980 SNPs were synergistic with the development of ABM and were risk factors for the development of ABM (P<0.05). Polymorphisms at rs2306862, rs2302685, rs41494349&rs2302685& rs10743980 SNPs were synergistic with the occurrence of ABM and were risk factors for the occurrence of ABM (P<0.05). There was an interaction between gene polymorphism & age at each locus at menopause and the occurrence of ABM (P>0.05).
Conclusion:These findings indicate that LRP5-rs2306862 and LRP6-rs2302685 polymorphisms, gene-gene, and gene-age interactions are associated with an increased risk of ABM in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Examination of the extension amounts of a medial collateral ligament pie-crusting model by a finite element method
Authors: Matsuda Shogo , Hirakawa Masashi , Nagashima Yuu , Akase Hiroya , Kaku Nobuhiro , Tsumura Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Medial collateral ligament (MCL) pie-crusting is implemented to balance the soft tissue when performing total knee arthroplasty. Although studies have been conducted on pie-crusting, a virtual MCL pie-crusting model has not been created so far, and pie-crusting has not been examined using the finite element method (FEM). This study investigates and validates MCL pie-crusting models using FEM.
Methods: We developed three MCL pie-crusting models (model A to C) for finite element analysis. In model A, the MCL was single elastic body (Young’s modulus of 350 MPa ) with both ends attached to the bone (Young’s modulus of 17.7 GPa). In model B, the MCL bundled 19 elastic body and attached to both ends of the bone. In model C, the MCL bundled 19 elastic bodies, and an adhesive part (Young's modulus of 175 kPa) was set in the gap and attached to both ends of the bone. Model A-1 was not cut, and the left end of the bone was fixed and rightward forces of 80 N and 120 N were applied.
An additional model A-2 was created with nine 1 mm × 0.1 mm cuts in the center of the elastic body. Model A-3 was developed considering nine and ten staggered cuts (19 total cuts) at two different locations, with a gap of 20 mm. Models A-4 to 8 had 28, 38, 47, 76, and 95 cuts performed similarly. Model B-2 was created with nine cuts in the center of the elastic body. Models C-2 to C-8, with the same cuts as model A, were also created and force applied in the same manner. The amount of extension for each model was measured.
Results: Model A was extended by 0.0068and 0.010 mm, for approximately 10 punctures. Model B-2 was extended 1.34 mm and 2.01 mm, approximately twice as much as model B-1. Model C was extended by 0.34 and 0.50 mm for every 10 punctures added.
Conclusions: Our results suggest model C is better suited for the mechanical analysis of pie-crusting.
Preserving Wetlands in Maine
Authors: Flynn Sean , Flynn Sean Patrick 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Wetlands can be found throughout the United States and, more specifically, within the State of Maine, and the wetlands within the area need to be protected. Using many geographic information systems and analysis measures, there are many potential wetland areas that can support endangered and threatened species. The final results show over 10 locations for wetland habitats in the county that is near the Moosehead Region. With the forestry business cutting down trees, the preservation of the identified areas is crucial for endangered and threatened species populations.
Vaccine hesitancy and factors related to vaccine hesitancy in COVID vaccination among a tribal community of Meghalaya: A mixed methods study
Authors: Sundaram Shanthosh Priyan , Ningombam Joenna Devi , Lyngdoh Markordor , Medhi Gajendra Kumar , Lynrah Wallambok 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background

Vaccine hesitancy should be dealt as an important issue as it carries both individual and community level risks; however, it lacks proper assessment in particular among the indigenous tribal population.

Methods

A community based sequential explanatory mixed methods study was conducted among 238 eligible individuals in Ri-Bhoi district, Meghalaya. The quantitative part involved a cross-sectional study to determine the proportion of vaccine hesitancy and the qualitative part comprised of in-depth interviews among the eligible residents and key informant interview among the health workers providing the vaccination services, to explore the facilitators and barriers of vaccine uptake.

Results

A total of 113 [47.5% (95% CI: 41.0%-54.0%)] participants were found to be hesitant to vaccination, among which 16.8% (95% CI: 12.4%-22.3%) were initially hesitant and 30.7% (95% CI: 24.9%-37.0%) had vaccine refusal. The themes generated through qualitative interviews were individual related, disease related, vaccine related, healthcare system and provider related and socio-cultural and religious. The main barriers for likelihood of action were perceived susceptibility and perceived severity under the individual perception along with ambiguity aversion, scepticism about the efficacy, mistrust, concerns on side effects, rumours and socio-cultural and religious misbeliefs.

Conclusion and recommendations

Vaccine hesitancy is found to be considerably higher and it depends on complacency towards the vaccine, confidence on its safety, perceived susceptibility to the disease and perceived severity to the disease coupled with modifying factors for cues for action. Healthcare workers should better communicate to improve the uptake of vaccine by reducing the barriers on the vaccine acceptance.
Microwave absorption of film explained accurately by wave cancellation theory
Authors: Liu Ying , Yin Xiangbin , Drew M. G. B. , Liu Yue 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
It has been proved theoretically that in the field of microwave absorption, film and material are confused, and that the impedance matching theory (IM) which is usually applied to metal-backed film is inadequate. IM is defined by the difference between the absolute values of the input impedance of the film Zin and the characteristic impedance of open space Z0. Before the scientific community accepts any new theories, it is necessary to validate them with a variety of experimental data such as those obtained from films of different materials. By analysis of experimental data, it is shown here that the problems with IM cannot be solved even if different criteria such as the value of |Zin - Z0| or the phase difference between Zin and Z0 are used and therefore it needs to be replaced by wave cancellation theory. The analysis of published data in this work supports the following conclusions. The value of reflection loss RL is determined by energy conservation, specific to film since it is related to the amplitude of the resultant of the two beams reflected from the two interfaces in the film and the angular effect from the phase difference between the two beams is vital for understanding microwave absorption from film.
P53 genotype-independent anticancer effects of 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid on human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Bae Yeongju , An Jeongtae , Jeong Wooyoung 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer, and CRC-related mortality is increasing annually. A key regulator of the cell cycle and cell death, the p53 gene, is frequently found in patients with CRC as mutants. Since tumors with abnormal p53 sometimes show resistance to anticancer drugs, it is important to develop anticancer drugs according to genetic characteristics. Although evidence shows that boswellic acids (BAs) might be potential anticancer agents, the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms involved in their activities in CRC are unclear.
Methods and Results: Here, we investigated whether olibanum (Boswellia serrata) extract and 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid exerted cytotoxic effects against p53 wildtype, p53 mutated-, and p53-deleted human CRC cell lines. Results shows that 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid considerably reduced cell viability and induced cell cycle arrest in HCT116, HT29, and SW1417 cells. And increase of apoptotic cell population and morphological changes in apoptotic cells induced by 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid were observed. The 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were accompanied by changes in the expression of factors linked to apoptosis, regardless of p53 genotype. In addition, 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid-treated cells dissociated from their spheroidal structure and appeared in an irregular form.
Conclusions: Although further investigations are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms, these results may provide insight into the potential of using olibanum extract and 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid as therapeutic agents, with no difference in sensitivity depending on the p53 genotype.
SEM and FIB-TEM analyses on nanoparticulate arsenian pyrite: Implications for Au enrichment in the Carlin-type giant Lannigou gold deposit, SW China
Authors: Yan Jun , Hu Ruizhong , Cline Jean S. , Fu Shanling , Liu Shirong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Gold in Carlin-type gold ores is commonly hosted in the arsenian pyrite rim, but the formation of arsenian pyrite and its contribution to Au adsorption are poorly understood. Based on our previous NanoSIMS Au mapping, we conducted SEM and HR-TEM analyses to examine the Au deportment and nanoscale texture of individual auriferous arsenian pyrite grains from the giant Carlin-type Lannigou gold deposit, SW China. The results indicate that the arsenian pyrite rim is composed of numerous nanoparticulate pyrite grains (rather than a single crystal), and gold nanoparticles (Au0) occur mainly in sub-rim with the highest Au content, which are porous and have lower degrees of order. We propose that nanoparticulate arsenian pyrite attachment and aggregation is the main mechanism for the arsenian pyrite rim growth, and such mechanism is crucial for the Au efficient enrichment for this giant gold deposit.
Estimation of irrigation water requirement and irrigation scheduling for major crops using the CROPWAT model and climatic data
Authors: Soomro Shumaila , Solangi Ghulam Shabir , Siyal Altaf Ali , Golo Asad , Bhatti Nabi Bux , Soomro Abdul Ghani , Memon Aneela Hameem , Panhwar Sallahuddin , Keerio Hareef Ahmed 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The world is facing an acute water shortage. The present irrigation techniques used in the Hyderabad district, Pakistan, are not demand-driven. The present study was carried out to determine the crop water requirement (CWR), irrigation water requirement (IWR), and irrigation scheduling for major crops grown in the Hyderabad district using the CROPWAT model based on climatic, soil, and crop data. The analysis revealed that the total CWR for the entire growing season for sugarcane, banana, cotton, and wheat were 3,127.0; 2,012.3; 1,073.5; and 418.9 mm, respectively. However, the IWR for sugarcane, banana, cotton, and wheat for the entire growing season was found to be 2,964.0; 1,966.7; 1,052.7; and 407.6 mm, respectively. However, the contribution of rainfall was 163.0, 45.6, 20.8, and 11.3 mm during sugarcane, banana, cotton, and wheat, respectively. The CWR and IWR were higher during the dry season due to high temperatures and low relative humidity. However, the IWR of each crop was low in the initial stage which increased with the growing stage until the peak at the full growth stage. The study recommends the use of CROPWAT to investigate the irrigation water requirements with accuracy.
Prediction of the probabilistic water leak location in underground pipelines using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Proença Matheus , Paschoalini Amarildo T. , Obata Daniel H. S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The water loss rates in Brazil are still very concerning and cause huge financial, social, and environmental damages. Although great advances have been made in acoustic leak detection methods, some of them are intrusive or at least demand convenient access points to the pipe's surface. Furthermore, some methods are expensive and require a highly experienced and qualified operator. Thus, the goal of this paper is to establish a benchmark using a simplistic analytical model for the ground surface analysis for leaks location, simplifying the search process carried out in water networks, and requiring minimal system interference. For leak location prediction, the proposed method considered two seismic wave paths – the compressional body waves and the Rayleigh superficial waves. The traveltime curves of the compressional waves are calculated as a function of the surface wave's experimental information. Monte Carlo Simulations were carried out to test each model's precision considering uncertainties related to the input parameters of the problem. At last, through a parametric study, the two seismic events were combined to obtain better accuracy in predicting the leakage epicenter location. In the results, the maximum absolute error found was 15 cm, and the minimum improvement obtained with the parametric study was 27.4%.
Novel Synthesized Tyrosinase Inhibitors: A Systematic Patent Review
(2012-Present)
Authors: Beltran Erika , Serafini Mairim Russo , Alves Izabel Almeida , Aragón Novoa Diana Marcela 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Tyrosine is an enzyme responsible for melanin production. Its abnormal accumulation
in different parts of the body is known as hyperpigmentation. Tyrosinase inhibitors
have been used as one of the main approaches to treat these kinds of cosmetic and
medical issues. This review aimed to discuss the advances in patents for this class of inhibitors,
focusing on synthetic ones, by studying recent patent applications (2012-2022).
We performed a screening using the European Patent Office’s Espacenet database, from
which 15 inventions were selected and fully studied. China has more patent applications,
all of them were focused on synthetic methods and the majority declared at least two additional
applications as antibrowning agents for fruits and vegetables, biological pesticides,
and medicine to treat diseases like Parkinson’s or melanoma. The strategies employed by
the investigators focused on the examination of previous literature, which oriented on the
type of structures that have been found to show good inhibitory activity; the study also
examined aspects of their reaction mechanisms and information about the structureactivity
relationship. For some groups of inhibitors, such as benzaldehyde and anthraquinone
derivatives, the data were meaningful and extensive. In contrast, arginyl and troponoids
compounds were difficult to analyze due to the limited research works.
Research Progress on Antiviral Activity of Heparin
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhang Yanqing , Wang Ping , Jing Tianyuan , Hu Yanan , Chen Xiushan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Heparin, as a glycosaminoglycan, is known for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic
properties for several decades. Heparin is a life-saving drug and is widely used for
anticoagulation in medical practice. In recent years, there have been extensive studies
that heparin plays an important role in non-anticoagulant diseases, such as anti-inflammatory,
anti-viral, anti-angiogenesis, anti-neoplastic, anti-metastatic effects, and so on. Clinical
observation and in vitro experiments indicate that heparin displays a potential multitarget
effect. In this brief review, we will summarize heparin and its derivative's recently
studied progress for the treatment of various viral infections. The aim is to maximize the
benefits of drugs through medically targeted development, to meet the unmet clinical
needs of serious viral diseases