bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining depression, abuse, and neglect in elderly individuals
Authors: Özer Nesrin , Tanriverdi Derya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to investigate depression, abuse, and neglect in elderly individuals.MethodsThe sample of the research consisted of 315 elderly individuals. Data were collected using a personal information form, an elder abuse assessment form, and the Geriatric Depression Scale.ResultsEmotional abuse, neglect, economic abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse were detected in 51.4%, 35.6%, 21.9%, 3.8%, and 0.03% of the elderly individuals, respectively. It was observed that elderly individuals in the advanced age group (75–95 years) experienced only emotional abuse, while women, single persons, those with low education levels, those without income of their own, and those who could not perform their self‐care experienced both emotional abuse and neglect to a greater extent (P < 0.05). A total of 68.3% of the elderly individuals showed symptoms of depression at a significant level. The elderly individuals who were exposed to physical and emotional abuse and neglect had higher mean depression scores compared to those who were not (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study showed that the severity of depression and prevalence of emotional abuse, neglect, financial abuse, and physical abuse were high among older adults. Mental health professionals have a very critical role in recognizing, detecting, and managing elder abuse and they should investigate elder abuse by integrating it into routine screening, especially in high‐risk populations. It is recommended that guidelines for the detection and treatment of abuse and neglect be prepared and implemented.
Applying the extended parallel process model to understand households’ responses to tornado and earthquake risks in Oklahoma
Authors: Li Yueqi , Greer Alex , Wu Hao‐Che 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOklahoma is a multihazard environment where both natural (e.g., tornadoes) and technological hazards (e.g., induced seismicity) are significant, making Oklahoma a unique setting to better understand how to manage and prepare for multiple hazards. While studies have attempted to understand drivers of hazard adjustments, few have focused on the overall number of adjustments undertaken instead of individual adjustments or adjustments in a multihazard environment. To address these gaps, we employ a survey sample of 866 households in Oklahoma to understand households’ danger control responses (protective hazard adjustments) for tornado and earthquake risks in Oklahoma. We apply the extended parallel processing model (EPPM) to categorize respondents according to their relative level of perceived threat and efficacy of protective actions in predicting the number of hazard adjustments they intend to or have adopted in response to tornadoes and induced earthquakes. In line with the EPPM, we found that households have the highest number of danger control responses when their perceived threat and efficacy are both high. Counter to the EPPM literature, we found low threat coupled with high efficacy moved some individuals toward the adoption of danger control responses in response to both tornadoes and earthquakes. When households have high efficacy, threat appraisals matter in tornado danger control responses but not in earthquake danger control responses. This EPPM categorization opens new research approaches for studies of natural and technological hazards. This study also provides information for local officials and emergency managers making mitigation and preparedness investments and policies.
Museomics reveals evolutionary history of Oreina alpine leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Gauthier Jérémy , Borer Matthias , Toussaint Emmanuel F. A. , Bilat Julia , Kippenberg Horst , Alvarez Nadir 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe monophyletic status of the genus Oreina as well as its phylogenetic relation to the closely related genera Chrysolina, Crosita and Cyrtonus has been debated for several decades. To assess the status of the genus and understand its evolutionary history, we performed a museomics study on 148 museum specimens belonging to 25 of the 28 described Oreina species as well as 19 other chrysomelid species, mainly from the genus Chrysolina. Using innovative molecular methods relying on hyRAD hybridization capture, we succeeded in recovering 2235 shared nuclear loci. Phylogenomic analyses clearly demonstrated that Oreina species form a clade separated from Chrysolina. These analyses also revealed the position of Chrysolina fastuosa outside of the genus Chrysolina, supporting the following taxonomic status updates: Fasta stat. rev., Fasta fastuosa comb. nov. Within the genus Oreina, we further propose the synonymization of Oreina (Frigidorina) syn. n. and Oreina (Virgulatorina) syn. n. with Oreina (Chrysochloa). Divergence time and ancestral range estimations suggested that Oreina originated approximately 53 Ma in the Alps. Ancestral host plant reconstruction revealed key shifts during Oreina diversification. Overall, our study reinforces the importance of museum collections for molecular analysis and the effectiveness of hybridization capture approaches for conducting phylogenomic studies and finely investigating controversial taxonomic debates.
Midday water use efficiency in sorghum is linked to faster stomatal closure rate, lower stomatal aperture and higher stomatal density
Authors: Al‐Salman Yazen , Ghannoum Oula , Cano Francisco Javier 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYMost studies assume midday gas exchange measurements capture the leaf's daytime performance. However, stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (An) fluctuate diurnally due to endogenous and environmental rhythms, which can affect intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). Six Sorghum lines with contrasting stomatal anatomical traits were grown in environmentally controlled conditions, and leaf gas exchange was measured three times a day. Stomatal anatomy and kinetic responses to light transients were also measured. The highest An and gs and the lowest iWUE were observed at midday for most lines. Diurnally averaged iWUE correlated positively with morning and midday iWUE and negatively with the time taken for stomata to close after transition to low light intensity (kclose). There was significant variation among sorghum lines for kclose, and smaller kclose correlated with lower gs and higher stomatal density (SD) across the lines. In turn, gs was negatively correlated with SD and regulated by the operational stomatal aperture regardless of stomatal size. Altogether, our data suggest a common physiology to improve iWUE in sorghum related to the control of water loss without impacting photosynthesis relying on higher SD, lower stomatal aperture and faster stomatal closing in response to low light intensity.
ZmXYL modulates auxin‐induced maize growth
Authors: Li Haiyan , Tao Huifang , Xiao Yao , Qin Li , Lan Chen , Cheng Beijiu , Roberts Jeremy A. , Zhang Xuebin , Lu Xiaoduo 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYPlant architecture, lodging resistance, and yield are closely associated with height. In this paper, we report the identification and characterization of two allelic EMS‐induced mutants of Zea mays, xyl‐1, and xyl‐2 that display dwarf phenotypes. The mutated gene, ZmXYL, encodes an α‐xylosidase which functions in releasing xylosyl residue from a β‐1,4‐linked glucan chain. Total α‐xylosidase activity in the two alleles is significantly decreased compared to wild‐type plants. Loss‐of‐function mutants of ZmXYL resulted in a decreased xylose content, an increased XXXG content in xyloglucan (XyG), and a reduced auxin content. We show that auxin has an antagonistic effect with XXXG in promoting cell divisions within mesocotyl tissue. xyl‐1 and xyl‐2 were less sensitive to IAA compared to B73. Based on our study, a model is proposed that places XXXG, an oligosaccharide derived from XyG and the substrate of ZmXYL, as having a negative impact on auxin homeostasis resulting in the dwarf phenotypes of the xyl mutants. Our results provide a insight into the roles of oligosaccharides released from plant cell walls as signals in mediating plant growth and development.
Behavior of a Confluent Layer of Myoblasts Under Shear Flow
Authors: Hashimoto Shigehiro , Kinoshiro Haruki , Nagasawa Yuta 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
To investigate the effect of shear stress direction on the direction of cell activity in a confluent layer, the migration and deformation of cells oriented parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the shear flow field were optically tracked in vitro. A Couette-type shear flow between parallel walls was formed between the lower stationary culture dish and the upper rotating disk. Shear stress (&lt;2 Pa) was set by adjusting the rotational speed of the upper disk. Myoblasts (C2C12: mouse myoblast cell line) were cultured in an incubator equipped with an inverted phase-contrast microscope under continuous shear flow for 7 days until confluency. Deformation and migration of each cell were tracked in time-lapse images. Analysis of these images showed that cells deform and migrate along their major axis even at confluency (whether the major axis of the cell is parallel or perpendicular to the shear stress field). As a result, the orientation of the major axis of the cell remains parallel or perpendicular to the shear stress field. This observation may be used to improve the development of engineered muscle tissue.
Design and Validation of a State-Dependent Riccati Equation Filter for State of Charge Estimation in a Latent Thermal Storage Device
Authors: Shanks Michael , Inyang-Udoh Uduak , Jain Neera 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Latent thermal energy storage (TES) devices could enable advances in many thermal management applications, including peak load shifting for reducing energy demand and cost of HVAC or providing supplemental heat rejection in transient thermal management systems. However, real-time feedback control of such devices is currently limited by the absence of suitable state of charge estimation techniques, given the nonlinearities associated with phase change dynamics. In this paper, we design and experimentally validate a state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) filter for state of charge estimation in a phase change material (PCM)-based TES device integrated into a single-phase thermal-fluid loop. The advantage of the SDRE filter is that it does not require linearization of the nonlinear finite volume model; instead, it uses a linear parameter-varying system model which can be quickly derived using graph-based methods. We leverage graph-based methods to prove that the system model is uniformly detectable, guaranteeing that the state estimates are bounded. Using measurements from five thermocouples embedded in the PCM of the TES and two thermocouples measuring the fluid temperature at the inlet and outlet of the device, the state estimator uses a reduced-order finite volume model to determine the temperature distribution inside the PCM and in turn, the state of charge of the device. We demonstrate the state estimator in simulation and on experimental data collected from a thermal management system testbed to show that the state estimation error converges near zero and remains bounded.
Dynamic Lumped Parameter Modeling and Stability Analysis of Planar Hydraulically Amplified Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Zamanian Amir Hosein , Krueger Paul S. , Richer Edmond 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hydraulically amplified dielectric elastomer actuators (HADEAs) comprise a hyper-elastic inflatable membrane filled with an incompressible dielectric fluid and partially covered with a pair of electrodes. Applying voltage to the electrodes induces Maxwell pressure, attracting them and forcing the peripheral membrane to inflate. We present a dynamic lumped parameter model (LPM) of a HADEA and discuss the dynamic response and the actuator's stability. The total kinetic energy was determined with a Lagrange description for the fluid flow. Lubrication theory was used to estimate the viscous fluid friction losses between the electrodes. Stability analysis of the dynamic LPM shows a Lyapunov stable node moving with the applied voltage, and a saddle point representing the snap-through instability in the actuator. A dynamic finite element model (FEM) was developed for comparison. The dynamic responses of the LPM showed a good agreement with the FEM while overestimating the viscous losses in the presence of a slight angle between the electrodes.
Research progress, challenges, and prospects of PM2.5 concentration estimation using satellite data
Authors: Zhu Shoutao , Tang Jiayi , Zhou Xiaolu , Li Peng , Liu Zelin , Zhang Cicheng , Zou Ziying , Li Tong , Peng Changhui 
Published: June 2023

Satellite data are vital for understanding the large-scale spatial distribution of particulate matter (PM2.5) due to their low cost, wide coverage, and all-weather capability. Estimation of PM2.5 using satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) products is a popular method. In this paper, we review the PM2.5 estimation process based on satellite AOD data in terms of data sources (i.e., inversion algorithms, data sets, and interpolation methods), estimation models (i.e., statistical regression, chemical transport models, machine learning, and combinatorial analysis), and modeling validation (i.e., four types of cross-validation (CV) methods). We found that the accuracy of time-based CV is lower than others. We found significant differences in modeling accuracy between different seasons ( p < 0.01) and different spatial resolutions ( p < 0.01). We explain these phenomena in this article. Finally, we summarize the research process, present challenges, and future directions in this field. We opine that low-cost mobile devices combined with transfer learning or hybrid modeling offer research opportunities in areas with limited PM2.5 monitoring stations and historical PM2.5 estimation. These methods can be a good choice for air pollution estimation in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to provide a basic framework for future researchers to conduct relevant research, enabling them to understand current research progress and future research directions.
Causal Association Between Anemia and Cardiovascular Disease: A 2‐Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Gan Ting , Hu Jing , Liu Wenhu , Li Cui , Xu Qian , Wang Ya , Lu Shuai , Aledan Anwer Khalid Okab , Wang Yan , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: June 2023

Background
Although previous observational studies have shown an association between anemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the underlying causal relationship between anemia and CVD remains uncertain.

Methods and Results

We conducted a 2‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to assess the causal association between anemia and CVD. We extracted summary statistics data for anemia, heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, any stroke, and any ischemic stroke (AIS) from relevant published genome‐wide association studies. After rigorous quality control steps, independent single‐nucleotide polymorphisms for each disease were selected as instrumental variables. Inverse‐variance weighting was used as the primary method to estimate the causal association between anemia and CVD in the 2‐sample MR analysis. Simultaneously, we performed a series of multiple methods analyses (median weighting, maximum likelihood [MR robust adjusted profile score]), sensitivity analyses (Cochran's
Q
test and MR‐Egger intercept, leave‐one‐out test [MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier]), instrumental variable strength evaluations (
F
statistic), and statistic power estimates to verify the robustness and reliability of our results. Furthermore, the associations between anemia and CVD from different studies, including the UK Biobank and FinnGen studies, were combined by meta‐analysis. The MR analysis showed that genetically predicted anemia was significantly associated with HF risk at the Bonferroni‐corrected significance level (odds ratio [OR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.04–1.18];
P
=0.002) and was suggestively associated with CAD risk (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.02–1.22];
P
=0.020). However, the associations between anemia and atrial fibrillation, any stroke, or AIS were not statistically significant. In the reverse MR analysis, we found that genetic susceptibility to HF, CAD, and AIS was significantly associated with anemia risk. The ORs of HF, CAD, and AIS were 1.64 (95% CI, 1.39–1.94;
P
=7.60E‐09), 1.16 (95% CI, 1.08–1.24;
P
=2.32E‐05), and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.11–1.52;
P
=0.001), respectively. Genetically predicted atrial fibrillation was suggestively associated with anemia (OR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.01–1.12];
P
=0.015). Sensitivity analyses found weak evidence of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity, which ensured the robustness and reliability of the results. Meta‐analysis also showed the statistically significant association between anemia and HF risk.

Conclusions
Our study supports bidirectional causality between anemia and HF and significant associations between genetic predisposition to CAD and AIS with anemia, which contributes to the clinical management of both diseases.
A Condensed Positive Psychology Course Improves Students’ Subjective Well-Being and Academic Achievement
Authors: Cho Kit W. , Frizzell Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Background Completing positive psychology-related activities can increase subjective and objective well-being. Objective The present study investigated whether completing a condensed positive psychology course increases students’ subjective well-being and academic achievement relative to those who completed other condensed psychology courses. Method One hundred and eighty-one students completed a condensed 4-week to 5-week asynchronous, fully online, positive psychology, cognitive psychology, or statistics course. All students completed three questionnaires assessing their subjective well-being (life satisfaction, happiness, and stress level) at two time points: precompletion and postcompletion of the course. Participants were also asked to indicate how often they shared the information they learned in the course with their close others, and their course grade was analyzed. Results Students who completed the positive psychology course reported higher levels of life satisfaction, lower levels of stress, and had a higher course grade compared to students completing the other psychology courses. Students who completed positive psychology indicated that they were more likely to share what they had been learning with their close others than those who completed the other courses. Among the positive psychology activities, participants indicated that they were most likely to continue performing random acts of kindness. Conclusion Completing a positive psychology course benefits both the individual and the community at large. Teaching implications The results support the use of a positive psychology course to improve students’ well-being and academic achievement.
National Drug Laws, Policies, and Programs in India: A Narrative Review
Authors: Parmar Arpit , Narasimha Venkata Lakshmi , Nath Santanu 
Published: June 2023

Background: Drug use is a major public health issue in India. Significant changes in the approach toward drug use have happened in the last few decades. Despite this, no systematic attempt has been made to document the same in the scientific literature. This narrative review attempts to discuss the major drug laws, policies, and national programs of the Government of India (GoI). Methods: A thorough search was conducted to look for policies, programs, acts, and notifications related to substance use/drug use on various websites of different ministries of the GoI. Acts, programs, and policies addressing substance use were identified. Results: Various drug laws, programs, and acts from the GoI provide a multipronged approach to curbing the procurement of drug use along with its prevention and cure. The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MoSJE) is the nodal ministry for drug demand reduction. The enactment of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act 1985 and Policy 2012 and the implementation of India’s Drug De-Addiction Program (DDAP) are important landmarks in this journey. Conclusion: The GoI initiatives for reducing the mental health burden in this country in general and substance use disorders (SUDs), in particular, are immense. The acts/statutes/laws/notifications are all interlinked. Stakeholders in mental health, public health, and policy-making need to upgrade themselves with the relevant statutes to curb the menace of drug use.
Prevention of saphenous nerve injury after below-knee laser ablation of incompetent great saphenous veins: A trial of two-step ablation and an early result
Authors: Utoh Junichi , Tsukamoto Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2023

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a two-step endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) protocol for treating long-reflux great saphenous veins (GSV) below the knee (BK) while preventing saphenous nerve injury. Methods A total of 370 legs with long-reflux to BK-GSV underwent EVLA using a Biolitec 1470 nm laser system and a radial 2-ring slim fiber. The above-knee GSV was ablated at 7 W (50–70 J/cm), and the BK-segment was ablated at 5 W (20–25 J/cm) in a two-step. Results The average ablation length was 51 cm, including 28 legs treated over 60 cm. Saphenous nerve injury was not observed in any patients. One month later, ultrasonography revealed complete occlusion of all treated GSV. Conclusions Our EVLA protocol for treating BK-GSV was found to be a safe and efficient procedure.
Modelling of fire-suppressant injection into engine nacelle for various flight regimes
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed A , New Tze H , Ng Bing F 
Published: June 2023

In this study, the injection of Halon 1301, an effective fire-suppressing agent, into a helicopter engine nacelle is modelled to provide insights into dispersion behaviour alongside complex flow physics. The injection velocity as well as the mass flow rate were retrieved via a 1-D pipe model to simulate nitrogen-pressurized flow of Halon 1301 in a four-branch pipe system. The Discrete Phase Model in ANSYS Fluent was then used to model the injection of Halon 1301 into an engine nacelle. To simulate engine operation conditions in forward flight and hover regime, external boundary conditions were prescribed to the pressure inlets in the nacelle. When Halon 1301 is injected into the engine bay via the first pair of injection points, the droplets immediately reach their boiling point of 215 K. This resulted in an explosive-dispersion behaviour with a cone angle in the range of 80°–90°. As the agent evaporates, the engine cools and another pair of injection points located at the rear of the engine is subsequently activated, helping to cool the engine further. The two flight regimes considered, namely, hover and forward flight, showed contrast in flow dynamics which affected the cooling of the engine as well as the spray dynamics. In particular, the forward flight case showed more recirculation zones compared to the hover case. The volume concentrations of Halon 1301 were plotted for 11 probe points within the nacelle, and it was observed that two locations showed traces of low concentration levels.