bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costs of Daphnia diel vertical migrations under forecasted increase of lake temperature
Authors: Dawidowicz Piotr , Barzycka Karolina , Pijanowska Joanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of our work was to experimentally test the hypothesis that changes in the thermal stratification in lakes of the temperate zone, expected as a result of progressive global warming, will cause an increase in fitness costs in a planktonic cladoceran Daphnia, associated with diel vertical migrations. In a programmable thermostatic chamber, Daphnia magna have been cultured from the first juvenile instar till the first reproduction, in thermal regimes corresponding to the conditions experienced by non-migratory (remaining in epilimnion day and night) and migrating (spending nights in epilimnion and days in hypolimnion) animals. We exposed Daphnia to thermal regimes: corresponding to the temperatures typically reigning stratified lakes nowadays (20 °C in epilimnion and 8 °C in hypolimnion), and expected at the end of this century (28 °C and 12 °C, respectively). The analysis of life-history parameters confirmed the assumption of an increase in metabolic costs resulting from vertical migration of Daphnia along with the expected increase in temperature differences between epilimnion and hypolimnion, which is a daily anti-predator refuge for migrating animals. This may consequently lead to significant changes in the composition of lake zooplankton communities, i.e., to an increase in the share of non-migrating species with small body sizes.
Political economy of redistribution between traditional and modern families
Authors: Meier Volker , Rablen Matthew D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe analyse a model in which families may either be ‘traditional’ single-earner that care for the child at home or be ‘ modern’ double-earner households that use market child care. Family policies may favour one or the other group, like market care subsidies vs. cash-for-care. Policies are determined by probabilistic voting, where distributional impacts matter, both within and across groups. A higher share of modern households—which can be induced by changes in social norms or by changes in gender wage inequality—may have non-monotone effects, with lower net subsidies to traditional households when their share is very low or very high, and higher subsidies in some intermediate stage. This may explain the implementation of cash-for-care policies and their subsequent tightening in late stages of development, when most voters come from modern households, observed in Norway and Sweden.
Self-determined learning in a virtual makerspace: a pathway to improving spatial reasoning for upper primary students
Authors: Fowler S. , Kennedy JP. , Cutting C. , Gabriel F. , Leonard S. N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study examines the impact of a learning design focussed on providing guided autonomy within a virtual makerspace on the spatial thinking, anxiety and learning creativity of participating students. The learning design deployed within the virtual makerspace was consistent with the learning principles espoused by Self-Determination Theory in that it allowed students to develop autonomy and make many important decisions in their own learning, created diverse opportunities for the relatedness through authentic opportunities to work with others, and ensured a sense of competence through the provision of ‘just in time’ training and support. Through a within-subjects pre-/post-test design, the study showed a significant improvement in spatial reasoning across the cohort (n = 340). The most notable gains were for students with low but not very low pre-test scores before the intervention. Improvements in creativity and anxiety were also reported by students following the program. Given the research showing the importance of spatial reasoning to future success in STEM educational and career trajectories, these results suggest that well designed makerspace learning may be particularly useful in addressing an important learning gap for disadvantaged students.
Audio-based anomaly detection on edge devices via self-supervision and spectral analysis
Authors: Lo Scudo Fabrizio , Ritacco Ettore , Caroprese Luciano , Manco Giuseppe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn real-world applications, audio surveillance is often performed by large models that can detect many types of anomalies. However, typical approaches are based on centralized solutions characterized by significant issues related to privacy and data transport costs. In addition, the large size of these models prevented a shift to contexts with limited resources, such as edge devices computing. In this work we propose conv-SPAD, a method for convolutional SPectral audio-based Anomaly Detection that takes advantage of common tools for spectral analysis and a simple autoencoder to learn the underlying condition of normality of real scenarios. Using audio data collected from real scenarios and artificially corrupted with anomalous sound events, we test the ability of the proposed model to learn normal conditions and detect anomalous events. It shows performances in line with larger models, often outperforming them. Moreover, the model’s small size makes it usable in contexts with limited resources, such as edge devices hardware.
Effects of aging and nitridation on microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Young Alice M. , Kral Milo V. , Bishop Catherine M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of in-service microstructural changes in metal alloys on the mechanical performance and remaining life of equipment is a critical part of integrity management in industrial plants. However, the effects of processes such as carburization or nitridation are not accounted for in industry-standard life assessment methodologies such as those provided in the API 579-1/ASME FFS-1: Fitness-For-Service standard. This is problematic for the austenitic stainless steel Alloy 800H, which typically operates in the creep regime and has been reported to suffer nitriding during high-temperature service in air. Despite this being one of the most common service environments for 800H, the impact of nitriding on in-service performance and implications for remaining life assessment have not been well-studied for this alloy. In this work, we characterize the microstructures of as-received, aged, and nitrided Alloy 800H tube material, and correlate observations with room-temperature tensile properties and high-temperature creep behavior. We show that while the creep properties of aged 800H material can be captured by the widely-used MPC Project Omega creep model and API 579-1 Omega properties for 800H, nitrided material properties fall outside of the expected bounds, and therefore remaining life cannot be reliably predicted using this method without experimental data.
Youth Misuse of Fire: Measuring the Risk of Firesetting Behaviour Using Explicit and Implicit Methods
Authors: Dadswell Kara , Sambol Stjepan , Zervos Maxim , Harris Matthew , Ball Michelle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccelerated shifts in global climate have increased the threat from intentionally lit fires, especially within wildfire prone communities. A considerable proportion of intentionally lit fires are set by adolescents with high levels of fire interest. A persistent issue within the literature is difficulty with reliably assessing fire interest, as existing self-report measures are highly susceptible to censored responses. The current study investigated whether fire interest could be effectively measured using attentional bias tasks. The sample consisted of 86 participants (10–17 years; M = 13.65, SD = 1.81) allocated into three firesetter classifications: minor firesetter (n = 24), serious firesetter (n = 28), and non-firesetter (n = 34). All participants completed a series of questionnaires and two modified Stroop tasks aimed at measuring implicit fire interest. The findings showed no association between explicit and implicit measures of fire interest. However, serious firesetters scored significantly higher than other firesetter classifications on both explicit and implicit measures. Additionally, both explicit fire interest and performance on the Lexical Fire-Stroop emerged as significant predictors of firesetting behaviour. Collectively, these results illustrate the Stroop paradigm may be an effective tool to measure implicit fire interest within a community sample, and potential improvements are discussed. The current study detected a surprisingly high frequency of self-reported firesetters within a community sample and significant incongruency between parental and child reported firesetting behaviour, demonstrating the importance of continued research in this area.
Examining the Cross Cultural Validity and Measurement Invariance of the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) in Iran and the USA
Authors: Ranjbar Seyran , Mazidi Mahdi , Gross James J. , Preece David , Zarei Majid , Azizi Alireza , Mirshafiei Maryam , Becerra Rodrigo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPeople’s beliefs about emotions contribute to their psychological wellbeing, and two important beliefs about emotions concern their controllability and usefulness. Recently, the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ) was developed to assess beliefs about the controllability and usefulness of positive and negative emotions. To date, most psychometric studies of the EBQ have been conducted with Western populations, and no studies have examined the EBQ’s psychometric properties among adolescents. We examined the psychometric properties of the EBQ among Iranian adolescents (n = 557), Iranian adults (n = 347), and American adults (n = 242). Participants also completed Implicit Theories of Emotions Scale (ITES), Perth Emotion Regulation Competency Inventory (PERCI), and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) for measuring the concurrent validity of the EBQ. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the intended four-factor model that distinguishes between controllability and usefulness facets of beliefs about emotions across positive and negative emotions within all three samples. Importantly, this four-factor model was found invariant in terms of gender, age, and culture groups. Furthermore, the EBQ demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Our findings indicate that the EBQ has strong psychometric properties among both Asian and Western samples and can be utilised with adolescents too.
How Specific is Alcohol-Specific Self-Control? A Longitudinal Study of the Mediating Role of Alcohol-Specific Self-Control in the Relation Between General Self-Control and Adolescent Alcohol Use
Authors: Geurts Suzanne M. , Koning Ina M. , Finkenauer Catrin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough accumulating studies indicate that alcohol-specific self-control can be useful in predicting adolescent alcohol use, little is known about its specificity. This longitudinal study aimed to advance our understanding of domain-specific self-control by examining whether alcohol-specific self-control mediates the effect of general self-control on adolescent alcohol use or has generalizing effects by also mediating the effect of general self-control on other behavior requiring self-control (adolescent digital media use and smoking). Data from 906 adolescents aged 11–14 years who were enrolled in the Dutch study Prevention of Alcohol Use in Students were used. Data were collected using online questionnaires at four annual measurements. Structural equation modelling revealed that higher alcohol-specific self-control fully mediated the effect of higher general self-control on alcohol use. Alcohol-specific self-control did not mediate the effect of higher general self-control on digital media use, but did partially mediate the effect of higher general self-control on smoking. These results suggest that alcohol-specific self-control is domain-specific, but not necessarily substance-specific. The domain-specificity of alcohol-specific self-control provides evidence for its theoretical relevance for the explanation of adolescent alcohol use. It also suggests leverage points for intervention programs focusing on improving alcohol-specific self-control to reduce adolescent alcohol use.
Open Access to the JESS Chemical Reaction Database
Authors: May Peter M. , Filella Montserrat 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe JESS (Joint Expert Speciation System) Thermodynamic Database (v8.9) is now available as a set of freely available PDF files. This reaction database contains about 280,000 thermodynamic parameters (equilibrium constants, enthalpies, etc.) as published in the literature for over 80,000 chemical reactions. It is grounded in the tradition of the Stability Constants Special Publications (by the Chemical Society) but it has become much more extensive and it includes some quantitative indication of parameter reliability based mainly on intra- and extra-reaction consistency.
Explanatory machine learning for sequential human teaching
Authors: Ai Lun , Langer Johannes , Muggleton Stephen H. , Schmid Ute 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe topic of comprehensibility of machine-learned theories has recently drawn increasing attention. Inductive logic programming uses logic programming to derive logic theories from small data based on abduction and induction techniques. Learned theories are represented in the form of rules as declarative descriptions of obtained knowledge. In earlier work, the authors provided the first evidence of a measurable increase in human comprehension based on machine-learned logic rules for simple classification tasks. In a later study, it was found that the presentation of machine-learned explanations to humans can produce both beneficial and harmful effects in the context of game learning. We continue our investigation of comprehensibility by examining the effects of the ordering of concept presentations on human comprehension. In this work, we examine the explanatory effects of curriculum order and the presence of machine-learned explanations for sequential problem-solving. We show that (1) there exist tasks A and B such that learning A before learning B results in better comprehension for humans in comparison to learning B before learning A and (2) there exist tasks A and B such that the presence of explanations when learning A contributes to improved human comprehension when subsequently learning B. We propose a framework for the effects of sequential teaching on comprehension based on an existing definition of comprehensibility and provide evidence for support from data collected in human trials. Our empirical study involves curricula that teach novices the merge sort algorithm. Our results show that sequential teaching of concepts with increasing complexity (a) has a beneficial effect on human comprehension and (b) leads to human re-discovery of divide-and-conquer problem-solving strategies, and (c) allows adaptations of human problem-solving strategy with better performance when machine-learned explanations are also presented.
A matter of needs: Basic need satisfaction as an underlying mechanism between perfectionism and employee well-being
Authors: Kleszewski Emily , Otto Kathleen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhy do dimensions of perfectionism have different effects on employees’ engagement, exhaustion, and job satisfaction? Combining the perfectionism literature and self-determination theory, we expected self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) to be differently related to employee well-being through the fulfilment or lack of autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction. We attributed a unique role to autonomy satisfaction in fostering work engagement. Data were collected at 2 time points, with a 3-month interval, in an online study. Several results from path analyses including data from 328 (T1) and 138 (T2) employees were consistent with our expectations. SPP was negatively related to work engagement and job satisfaction via a lack of autonomy satisfaction and positively related to exhaustion via a lack of relatedness satisfaction. Additionally, SOP and SPP showed different associations with competence satisfaction. Overall, our findings highlight the motivational differences inherent in perfectionism that translate into well-being via need satisfaction and unique effects of the three needs.
The vibration propagation and damage distribution characteristics of deep-buried underground cavern blasting
Authors: Lv Junlin , Liu Zhen , Huang Junhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the increase of the scale of an underground cavern, more and more towering underground side walls are left behind by blasting operation, which leaves a huge hidden danger to the structure safety of an underground cavern. Taking the propagation mechanism and damage distribution characteristics of blasting vibration along the elevation direction as the research subject, the propagation mechanism of blasting vibration along the elevation direction of high side wall of a deep-buried underground cavern can be obtained by comprehensive application of theoretical analysis, dimensional analysis, formula derivation, numerical analysis, and other research methods. Through multiangle comparative analysis, the internal mechanism of blasting vibration under elevation effect in underground caverns is revealed, and combined with the relationship between surrounding rock damage and blasting vibration velocity, the distribution characteristics of blasting vibration and damage under the elevation effect are proposed. In addition, through the establishment of a mechanical model of the response of blasting vibration of underground high side walls, the prediction formula of particle vibration velocity along the elevation direction under blasting vibration condition is analyzed, and the formula is adjusted and modified, which can meet the developing requirements of surrounding rock damage control precision.
A single-variable proof of the omega SPT congruence family over powers of 5
Authors: Smoot Nicolas Allen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 2018, Liuquan Wang and Yifan Yang proved the existence of an infinite family of congruences for the smallest parts function corresponding to the third-order mock theta function $$\omega (q)$$

ω
(
q
)

. Their proof took the form of an induction requiring 20 initial relations, and utilized a space of modular functions isomorphic to a free rank 2 $${\mathbb {Z}}[X]$$

Z
[
X
]

-module. This proof strategy was originally developed by Paule and Radu to study families of congruences associated with modular curves of genus 1. We show that Wang and Yang’s family of congruences, which is associated with a genus 0 modular curve, can be proved using a single-variable approach, via a ring of modular functions isomorphic to a localization of $${\mathbb {Z}}[X]$$

Z
[
X
]

. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such an algebraic structure has been applied to the theory of partition congruences. Our induction is more complicated, and relies on sequences of functions which exhibit a somewhat irregular 5-adic convergence. However, the proof ultimately rests upon the direct verification of only 10 initial relations, and is similar to the classical methods of Ramanujan and Watson.
Evolution of Solar and Stellar Dynamo Theory
Authors: Charbonneau Paul , Sokoloff Dmitry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, written as a general historical and technical introduction to the various contributions of the collection “Solar and Stellar Dynamo: A New Era”, we review the evolution and current state of dynamo theory and modelling, with emphasis on the solar dynamo. Starting with a historical survey, we then focus on a set of “tension points” that are still left unresolved despite the remarkable progress of the past century. In our discussion of these tension points we touch upon the physical well-posedness of mean-field electrodynamics; constraints imposed by magnetic helicity conservation; the troublesome role of differential rotation; meridional flows and flux transpost dynamos; competing inductive mechanisms and Babcock–Leighton dynamos; the ambiguous precursor properties of the solar dipole; cycle amplitude regulation and fluctuation through nonlinear backreaction and stochastic forcing, including Grand Minima; and the promises and puzzles offered by global magnetohydrodynamical numerical simulations of convection and dynamo action. We close by considering the potential bridges to be constructed between solar dynamo theory and modelling, and observations of magnetic activity in late-type stars.
Transport and Fate of Ureolytic Sporosarcina pasteurii in Saturated Sand Columns: Experiments and Modelling
Authors: Sang Guijie , Lunn Rebecca J. , El Mountassir Grainne , Minto James M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstarct
Despite a broad application of ureolytic bacteria in many bioremediation and biocementation processes, very limited studies have reported their transport and retention behaviors under various physical–chemical–biological conditions. In this study, we report transport and retention of Sporosarcina pasteurii in saturated sand, based on a series of column breakthrough experiments under different conditions including ionic strengths (ISs: 0.5 mM–1 M), flow velocity (50, 100, 200 cm/h), bacteria optical density (OD600 = 1.0, 0.48), column length (280 mm, 150 mm), and changes in IS conditions (0.5 M CaCl2 or deionised water). We use a two-site kinetic model, representing (1) attachment on grain surfaces, and (2) straining at crevices and constrictions, to quantify and predict the bacterial attachment and straining. Model parameters were calibrated by tracer (NaCl) breakthrough curves (BTCs) and bacteria BTCs at different IS/velocity conditions. The model was then applied to successfully predict the bacteria BTCs at lower initial bacteria density (OD600 = 0.48) and for shorter column lengths (150 mm). We demonstrated that higher ionic strength (from 0.5 to 1000 mM) dramatically enhanced the retention efficiency of S. pasteurii through an enhancement of attachment (from 9.4 to 69.6%) and straining (from 8.1 to 34.2%), whilst the bacterial survival and the urease activity were unaffected at high IS conditions (500 and 1000 mM NaCl) within 5 h. Increasing flow velocity (from 50 to 200 cm/h) caused a decrease in attachment (from 39.5 to 22.4%) and decrease in straining (from 40.5 to 19.3%) as a result of the increased hydrodynamic shear forces, which tends to reduce the attachment at the secondary minimum and decrease the extent of flow stagnation regions for straining. Lower initial bacteria OD600 (from 1.0 to 0.48) enhanced the attachment (from 31.8 to 40.9%) and the straining (from 22.9 to 42.2%) as a result of reducing the site-blockage effect. In addition, 0.5 M CaCl2 with a stronger IS increased the retention of in the column, whilst deionised water with a lower IS caused bacterial release. These findings provide useful information for a better understanding of the transport and fate of Sporosarcina pasteurii in saturated soil, and can be used to optimise bioaugmentation strategy and cementation efficiency for soil improvement.

Article Highlights

Transport of S. pasteurii in sands is highly affected by ionic strength, flow velocity, bacteria density, and even column size

Straining was enhanced (from 8.1% to 34.2%) if increasing IS (from 0.5 to 500 mM) without affecting bacterial survival

Bacteria coagulation among 2–3 bacterial cells occurs under ISs of 500 and 1000 mM without forming large flocculation