bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Parameter Space Exploration in Time and Space
Authors: Piccolotto Nikolaus , Bögl Markus , Miksch Silvia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComputational models, such as simulations, are central to a wide range of fields in science and industry. Those models take input parameters and produce some output. To fully exploit their utility, relations between parameters and outputs must be understood. These include, for example, which parameter setting produces the best result (optimization) or which ranges of parameter settings produce a wide variety of results (sensitivity). Such tasks are often difficult to achieve for various reasons, for example, the size of the parameter space, and supported with visual analytics. In this paper, we survey visual parameter space exploration (VPSE) systems involving spatial and temporal data. We focus on interactive visualizations and user interfaces. Through thematic analysis of the surveyed papers, we identify common workflow steps and approaches to support them. We also identify topics for future work that will help enable VPSE on a greater variety of computational models.
The human rights of children with disabilities: How can medical professionals better fulfil rather than breach them?
Authors: Picton‐Howell Zoe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe vulnerability of children with disabilities to human rights abuses, including in health care, is well documented. Medical professionals can too often breach rather than fulfil the rights of children with disabilities, often through misunderstandings about the law, an inevitable consequence of, as identified by the United Nation's Committee for the Rights of the Child, medical professionals too often not receiving systematic and effective training in children's rights. This paper explores some key rights vital to the health and well‐being of children with disabilities and shows how the guidance known as General Comments published by the United Nation's Committee on the Rights of the Child can assist medical professionals in ensuring the rights of children with disabilities in their care are fulfilled. It will also outline the human rights model of disability and explain how adopting this model in day‐to‐day practice, as required by international law, will empower medical professionals to help fulfil the human rights of children with disabilities. Suggestions are also made as to how training in human rights for medical professionals might be facilitated.What this paper adds

The rights of children with disabilities are wide‐ranging and come from multiple sources.
Education and training of medical professionals in the rights of children with disabilities is often poor and low priority, resulting in rights breaches.
Partnership training and gaining familiarity with United Nations General Comments and the Human Rights Model of disability can promote the human rights of children with disabilities.
Interventions to enhance pre‐pregnancy care for women with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Hopkins Lily , Forbes Angus , Anderson Janet E. , Bick Debra , Brackenridge Anna , Banerjee Anita , Chamley Mark , Chua Kia‐Chong , Flynn Angela C. , Hunt Katherine , Murphy Helen R. , Rogers Helen , White Sara L. , Winkley Kirsty , Forde Rita 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to examine the content and impact of interventions that have been used to increase the uptake of pre‐pregnancy care for women with type 2 diabetes, and their impact on maternal and fetal outcomes.MethodsA systematic search of multiple databases was conducted in November 2021, and updated July 2022, to identify studies assessing interventions to enhance pre‐pregnancy care for women with type 2 diabetes. Over 10% of articles were screened by two reviewers at title and abstract phase, after which all selected full‐text articles were screened by two reviewers. Quality assessment was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for cohort studies. Meta‐analysis was not possible due to study heterogeneity; therefore, narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsFour eligible cohort studies were identified. The conclusions able to be drawn by this review were limited as women with type 2 diabetes (n = 800) were in the minority in all four studies (35%–40%) and none of the interventions were exclusively tailored for them. The uptake of pre‐pregnancy care was lower in women with type 2 diabetes (8%–10%) compared with other participant groups in the studies. Pregnancy preparation indicators generally improved among all groups exposed to pre‐pregnancy care, with varying impact on pregnancy outcomes.ConclusionsThis review demonstrates that previous interventions have had a limited impact on pre‐pregnancy care uptake in women with type 2 diabetes. Future studies should focus on tailored interventions for improving pre‐pregnancy care for women with type 2 diabetes, particularly those from ethnic minorities and living in poorer communities.
Sedentary behaviour and traumatic dental injuries in adolescents: A population‐based study
Authors: Leite Jean Ribeiro , Bomfim Rafael Aiello 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveAnalyse factors associated with dental trauma in 12‐year‐old adolescents.MethodsAn epidemiological survey was carried out in the five largest cities in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Data on traumatic dental injuries (TDI) based on the World Health Organization (WHO), sociodemographic characteristics and individual clinical and behavioural characteristics in 615 adolescents were collected. Univariate and adjusted multilevel logistic regressions were performed to test the association of dental trauma with behavioural and sociodemographic factors. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee (CAAE number 85647518.4.0000.0021).ResultsThe prevalence of TDI at 12 years was 3.4% (95% CI 1.8; 6.4). In the adjusted models, clinical characteristics of adolescents such as overjet >3 mm (OR = 1.51 [95% CI 1.00; 2.41]) were associated with trauma. Sociodemographic characteristics such as female sex (OR = 0.13 [95% CI 0.07; 0.25]), income above the poverty level (OR = 0.34 [95% CI 0.15; 0.78]), who declared themselves white (OR = 0.23 [95% CI 0.11; 0.47]) and with sedentary behaviour (OR = 0.69 [95% CI 0.59; 0.80]) were associated with trauma, as protective factors.ConclusionSociodemographic, behavioural and individual clinical characteristics were associated with TDI in adolescents. Oral health teams should focus on the most vulnerable groups, encouraging the use of mouthguards and access to treatment services.
Insects within bushes assemble and forage closer to artificial light at night
Authors: Eckhartt Gregory M. , Ruxton Graeme D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArtificial light at night (ALAN) has been implicated in the global decline of insect populations. Causal mechanisms contributing to declines remain unclear, however. Here we examine causal factors which could link some declining terrestrial insect populations with ALAN. To do so, we defined the closest and furthest halves of individual bushes according to the nearest source of artificial light. We sampled leaves and invertebrates from both sides to determine herbivory and abundance. First, we observed that, within bushes, leaves were significantly more likely to display herbivory at closer distances to established streetlighting. This may be due to the phenomenon of positive phototaxis in insects (flight to light). Further, insects within bushes were significantly more abundant on the side closest to streetlighting at midnight, but not at midday, when lights are unilluminated. Consequently, we argue that ALAN creates bottom‐up trophic effects, driven by insect light attraction behaviours even at the scale of single plants.
PALEO‐PGEM‐Series: A spatial time series of the global climate over the last 5 million years (Plio‐Pleistocene)
Authors: Barreto Elisa , Holden Philip B. , Edwards Neil R. , Rangel Thiago F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMotivationClimate change plays an important role in the generation and maintenance of biodiversity by driving processes such as diversification and range shifts. As a result, biodiversity patterns are often found to carry the imprints of palaeoclimatic changes. However, we still know little about the spatial and temporal variation in climate over the scale of millennia affecting eco‐evolutionary dynamics, mostly because of the scarcity of user‐friendly and freely available spatio‐temporal palaeoclimate series at such temporal scales. Here, we address this gap by presenting PALEO‐PGEM‐Series, a global spatio‐temporal dataset of the last 5 Myr, with 1 kyr resolution, spatially downscaled from emulations performed with the intermediate‐complexity atmosphere–ocean general circulation model PALEO‐PGEM. PALEO‐PGEM‐Series holds the potential to advance our understanding of the mechanisms behind the strong relationship between biodiversity and climate, a pressing need given projected biodiversity responses to anthropogenic climatic change.Main Types of Variables ContainedSpatio‐temporal series of monthly temperature and precipitation and 17 derived bioclimatic variables over the Pliocene–Pleistocene, along with standard error estimates from multiple runs of the emulator.Spatial Location and GrainGlobal landmasses, at 1° × 1°.Time Period and GrainLast 5 Myr at 1000 year resolution.Major Taxa and Level of MeasurementNot applicable.Software FormatTab‐delimited text files and accompanying R code to derive bioclimatic variables.
Incorporating genomics into insect conservation: Butterflies as a model group
Authors: Sucháčková Bartoňová Alena , Linke Daniel , Klečková Irena , de G. Ribeiro Pedro , Matos‐Maraví Pável 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Genomic data are not yet widely used in insect conservation practice. Here, with a focus on butterflies, we aim to identify the strengths, limitations and remaining gaps between the fields of population genomics and insect conservation management. Based on a literature search complemented with expert opinion, we discuss avenues for translating research into practice.
We found that current genomic methodologies available for insect management enhance the assessment of cryptic diversity and facilitate the inference of historical population trends (temporal monitoring) by using even degraded material from historical collections.
Discovering and tracking adaptive genetic variation linked to increased survival and fitness is a relatively young research field, but we highlight it as a promising tool in future insect management actions.
We highlight recent case studies where population genomics have guided butterfly conservation. One conclusion from our advice from our non‐exhaustive survey of expert opinion is to establish meaningful partnerships between researchers and practitioners, starting at the stage of project planning. Genomics is an informative tool for securing legal protection of unique populations and may offer guidance in future conservation translocations and captive breeding programmes.
Although insect conservation usually targets habitats, genomic guidance focusing on populations of flagship and umbrella taxa is a straightforward path to connect species‐specific and habitat conservation initiatives. We conclude that there is urgency in reporting insect conservation actions guided by genomic data, both successful and unsuccessful. This will lead to constructive feedback between fields and the establishment of standardised methodologies.
Polymer‐derived Co2Si(Co)/SiCN composite ceramics with tunable microwave absorption properties
Authors: Liu Maoyun , Wang Guantong , Miao Yalan , Gong Hongyu , Jing Jie , Sheng Mingming , Lu Junbin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, Co2Si(Co)/SiCN composite ceramics were synthesized by simple precursor‐derived ceramics method. The phase composition, morphology, and microwave absorption properties of Co2Si(Co)/SiCN composite ceramics at different pyrolysis temperatures (1000–1400°C) were studied. When pyrolysis temperature was 1300°C, carbon nanowires (CNWs), Co2Si, Si2N2O, SiC and Si3N4 were in situ generated and the best electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance was obtained. The minimum reflection loss reached−50.04 dB at 4.81 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth broadened to 3.48 GHz (14.52–18 GHz) at 1.31 mm. The excellent EMW absorption performance mainly comes from the coexistence of multiple loss mechanisms, including the magnetic loss of Co2Si, the conduction loss of CNWs, and the heterogeneous interfaces polarization between varieties of nanocrystals and amorphous ceramic matrix. By adjusting the sample thickness from 1 to 5 mm, the effective absorption of S1300 can cover the entire X and Ku bands, from 3.36 to 18 GHz. This study provides a simple way to synthesize high performance ceramic‐based microwave absorbing materials.
Direct transfer to different salinities and its effect on energy and metabolic enzymes in juveniles and adults of yellowfin sea bream Acanthopagrus arabicus
Authors: AlKatrani Layla Mustafa A. A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractJuveniles and adults of Acanthopagrus arabicus were studied to compare the effect of different salt concentrations (1.5, 7.5, 15, 30 and 45 psu) at 6, 24, 48 and 96 h on activities of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK) in gills, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in plasma and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in intestine. CK and LDH were found to exhibit superior activity in adults compared to juveniles. All enzymes exhibited heightened activity with the increase in salinity and decreased activity with the passage of time in all salinities. Results showed that three enzymes exhibited excellent performance in adults than in juveniles.
A systematic review of natural flood management modelling: Approaches, limitations, and potential solutions
Authors: Hill Bartholomew , Liang Qiuhua , Bosher Lee , Chen Huili , Nicholson Alex 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Pitt Review of the 2007 summer floods in the UK, published in 2008, commended the potential of natural flood management (NFM) for reducing flood risk. NFM is a nature‐based approach that has since gained substantial interest from both practitioners and academics. The review further highlighted the need for catchment‐based flood management (CBFM) to enhance resilience to flooding and climate change by incorporating NFM and wider nature‐based solutions into hard flood protection systems. Such integrated approaches are considered to be more sustainable and adaptable than the traditional hard‐engineered measures. More recently, the European Commission's European Green Deal also highlighted the need for greater use of nature‐based solutions including NFM for managing flood risk. Whilst there have been many attempts to quantify the effects of NFM through hydraulic and hydrological modelling, there is still no systematic review conducted for these modelling works. This review aims to summarise the current NFM modelling approaches, as well as discussing their key limitations related to data, model methods, and real‐world applications. This paper then goes further to highlight potential solutions to some of these challenges and provides guidance to assist modellers to improve future modelling and data collection process.
The psychology of attraction to multi‐level marketing
Authors: Dixon Lucas J. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Hartley Nicole , Chapman Cassandra M. , Brienza Justin P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite being a risky and controversial business model, little research has investigated personal characteristics that increase attraction to multi‐level marketing business opportunities like Amway and Herbalife. A two‐wave survey (Ntotal = 1503) revealed that attraction to multi‐level marketing opportunities was associated with stronger extrinsic life goals (for becoming rich, famous, and attractive), belief systems related to spirituality and thought‐action fusion (i.e., the belief that thoughts alone create reality), and a cognitive decision‐making style that emphasizes intuitive over rational thinking. Intrinsic psychological needs (e.g., for control and meaning) showed the least consistent associations. Based on these findings, we provide guidance for consumer advocates and policy makers to consider individual psychological factors in education campaigns to improve decision making and participant wellbeing.
Characteristics of non‐urgent neonatal presentations to an Australian metropolitan emergency department
Authors: Santos Calvin , Gandham Sowmya , Liu Anthony , Bhurawala Habib 
Published: April 2023

AimTo determine characteristics and risk factors for non‐urgent presentations (NUPs) (triage categories 4 and 5) in neonates to a Western Sydney metropolitan mixed adult emergency department (ED) and the effect of COVID‐19 on presentations and admissions.MethodsA retrospective medical record study examined neonates (age <4 weeks) presenting to the ED between October 2019 and September 2020 and assessed risk factors for NUPs including the impact of COVID‐19. Regression analysis was used to determine which risk factors were significant for NUPs to ED and whether there were any significant differences in urgency of presentations and admissions during the post‐COVID‐19 time (on/after 11th March 2020).ResultsFrom 277 presentations, 114 (41%) were non‐urgent. After regression analysis, being a mother born overseas (odds ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.13–4.12,P = 0.02) was a significant risk factor and maternal age (odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.96–0.1.00,P = 0.02) was a significant protective factor for NUPs in the neonatal period. There were 54 (47%) NUPs pre‐COVID‐19 and 60 (53%) NUPs post‐COVID (P = 0.70). There were similar presenting complaints and diagnoses compared to the literature.ConclusionsMothers born overseas and younger maternal age were found to be significant risk factors for NUPs in the neonatal period. There was no apparent impact on presentations and admissions to ED during the COVID‐19 period. Further studies are warranted to further evaluate risk factors for NUPs in the neonatal period and further elucidate the impact of COVID‐19 on presentations and admissions, specifically in later waves of the virus.
A spatial theory of urban segregation
Authors: Carniglia Gian Luca , Escobar Juan F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe provide a competitive equilibrium theory of urban segregation in a linear city. Households demand consumption and housing along the city and are exposed to neighborhood externalities. We show that equilibria that are robust to small coalitional deviations are segregated. Our results explain urban segregation in a standard neoclassical framework and shed new light on the difficulties faced by authorities to integrate cities.
Genomic insights of evolutionary divergence and life history innovations in Antarctic brittle stars
Authors: Lau Sally C. Y. , Strugnell Jan M. , Sands Chester J. , Silva Catarina N. S. , Wilson Nerida G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of evolutionary innovation provides a crucial perspective of how evolutionary processes unfold across taxa and ecological systems. It has been hypothesised that the Southern Ocean provided ecological opportunities for novelty in the past. However, the drivers of innovation are challenging to pinpoint as the evolutionary genetics of Southern Ocean fauna are influenced by Quaternary glacial–interglacial cycles, oceanic currents and species ecology. Here we examined the genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Southern Ocean brittle stars Ophionotus victoriae (five arms, broadcaster) and O. hexactis (six arms, brooder). We found that O. victoriae and O. hexactis are closely‐related species with interspecific gene flow. During the late Pleistocene, O. victoriae likely persisted in a connected deep water refugium and in situ refugia on the Antarctic continental shelf and around Antarctic islands; O. hexactis persisted exclusively within in situ island refugia. Within O. victoriae, contemporary gene flow linking to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, regional gyres and other local oceanographic regimes was observed. Gene flow connecting West and East Antarctic islands near the Polar Front was also detected in O. hexactis. A strong association was detected between outlier loci and salinity in O. hexactis. Both O. victoriae and O. hexactis are associated with genome‐wide increase in alleles at intermediate‐frequencies; the alleles associated with this peak appear to be species specific, and these intermediate‐frequency variants are far more excessive in O. hexactis. We hypothesise that the peak in alleles at intermediate frequencies could be related to adaptation in the recent past, linked to evolutionary innovations of increase in arm number and a switch to brooding from broadcasting, in O. hexactis.
Pictograms to assess bloating and distension symptoms in the general population in Mexico: Results of The Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study
Authors: Schmulson Max J. , López‐Colombo Aurelio , Montiel Jarquin Alvaro , Puentes‐Leal Gerardo A. , Palsson Olafur S. , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Sperber Ami D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is no term for bloating in Spanish and distension is a very technical word. “Inflammation”/“swelling” are the most frequently used expressions for bloating/distension in Mexico, and pictograms are more effective than verbal descriptors (VDs) for bloating/distension in general GI and Rome III‐IBS patients. However, their effectiveness in the general population and in subjects with Rome IV‐DGBI is unknown. We analyzed the use of pictograms for assessing bloating/distension in the general population in Mexico.MethodsThe Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study (RFGES) in Mexico (n = 2001) included questions about the presence of VDs “inflammation”/“swelling” and abdominal distension, their comprehension, and pictograms (normal, bloating, distension, both). We compared the pictograms with the Rome IV question about the frequency of experiencing bloating/distension, and with the VDs.Key Results“Inflammation”/“swelling” was reported by 51.5% and distension by 23.8% of the entire study population; while 1.2% and 25.3% did not comprehend “Inflammation”/“swelling” or distension, respectively. Subjects without (31.8%) or not comprehending “inflammation”/“swelling”/distension (68.4%) reported bloating/distension by pictograms. Bloating and/or distension by the pictograms were much more frequent in those with DGBI: 38.3% (95%CI: 31.7–44.9) vs. without: 14.5% (12.0–17.0); and in subjects with distension by VDs: 29.4% (25.4–33.3) vs. without: 17.2% (14.9–19.5). Among subjects with bowel disorders, those with IBS reported bloating/distension by pictograms the most (93.8%) and those with functional diarrhea the least (71.4%).Conclusions & InferencesPictograms are more effective than VDs for assessing the presence of bloating/distension in Spanish Mexico. Therefore, they should be used to study these symptoms in epidemiological research.