bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics in early Parkinson's disease with excessive daytime sleepiness: A cross‐sectional and longitudinal study
Authors: Liu Yumei , Xue Ling , Zhao Jun , Dou Kaixin , Wang Guojun , Xie Anmu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe aimed to explore excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and correlates of clinical characteristics by using cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database. Four hundred twenty‐three patients with Parkinson's disease (PD; EDS: non‐EDS = 357:66) and 195 healthy controls (HCs; EDS: nEDS = 171:24) were enrolled in our study at baseline. Multiple linear and linear mixed‐effects models were used to research the relationships between EDS/daytime sleepiness severity and clinical characteristics. Relationships between the change rates of clinical characteristics and daytime sleepiness severity were further investigated through multiple linear regression models. Mediating effect analysis was used to determine whether autonomic dysfunction was the mediator between cognition assessments and daytime sleepiness severity. Patients with PD with EDS and greater daytime sleepiness severity presented faster cognitive decline, high possibility for rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, autonomic dysfunction, depression, and anxiety from cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses. Furthermore, HC individuals with EDS showed a higher striatal binding ratio of the right putamen, right striatum, and mean striatum. Autonomic dysfunction may act as a mediator between PD and cognitive decline. In early PD, EDS and daytime sleepiness severity were related to several clinical variables, suggesting that EDS might play an essential role in regulating PD progression.
Pediatric dosing for locally acting drugs in submissions to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration between 2002 and 2020
Authors: Abulwerdi Gelareh A. , Ramamoorthy Anuradha , Bashaw Edward , Burckart Gilbert J. , Madabushi Rajanikanth , Fletcher Elimika Pfuma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeriving pediatric doses for locally acting drugs (LADs) presents a unique challenge because limited systemic exposure hinders commonly used approaches such as pharmacokinetic matching to adults. This study systematically evaluated drug development practices used for pediatric dose selection of LADs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration from 2002 to 2020. The three study objectives were: (1) to determine the dose selection approach for the labeled pediatric dose, (2) to examine the studied pediatric dose(s), and (3) to evaluate the characteristics of the pediatric clinical programs used to support the labeled pediatric dose. A total of 187 pediatric submissions were characterized for the labeled and studied pediatric doses of LADs. The pediatric dose was predominantly labeled as a flat dose (91%) and at a single‐dose level (67%) similar to adults. The majority (68.4%) of the submissions had the same labeled dose for pediatrics and adults. Independent pharmacodynamic/efficacy studies in pediatric patients commonly (64.2%) provided supportive evidence for the labeled pediatric dose. Inhalation, nasal, and injectable submissions had the highest number of clinical trials, lowest usage of an extrapolation of efficacy approach, and utilized diverse approaches in selecting the studied pediatric doses. This article highlights approaches for LAD dosing in pediatric patients and can be used to inform drug development of these products in the pediatric population.
Museums, COVID‐19 and the pivot to social media
Authors: Larkin Jamie , Ballatore Andrea , Mityurova Ekaterina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper examines social media activity by UK museums during the COVID‐19 pandemic. There is a general perception that as museums closed their doors for extended periods, their digital presence increased to maintain connections with their audiences. However, much of the research conducted in this area is based on small‐scale studies and examples of best practice from large, well‐resourced museums. By contrast, this study utilizes a comprehensive database of over 3300 active UK museums to understand the use of Facebook and Twitter across the sector. Specifically, the paper examines the frequency with which museums posted to these digital platforms as they attempted to engage with their audiences. Our findings indicate that there was no substantial increase in social media use and activity across the UK museum sector during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This research has implications for museologists studying the impact of the pandemic on museums' digital activity, for museum social media professionals, and policymakers responsible for museum digital transformation strategies.
Does the speaker's eye gaze facilitate infants’ word segmentation from continuous speech? An ERP study
Authors: Çetinçelik Melis , Rowland Caroline F. , Snijders Tineke M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe environment in which infants learn language is multimodal and rich with social cues. Yet, the effects of such cues, such as eye contact, on early speech perception have not been closely examined. This study assessed the role of ostensive speech, signalled through the speaker's eye gaze direction, on infants’ word segmentation abilities. A familiarisation‐then‐test paradigm was used while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Ten‐month‐old Dutch‐learning infants were familiarised with audio‐visual stories in which a speaker recited four sentences with one repeated target word. The speaker addressed them either with direct or with averted gaze while speaking. In the test phase following each story, infants heard familiar and novel words presented via audio‐only. Infants’ familiarity with the words was assessed using event‐related potentials (ERPs). As predicted, infants showed a negative‐going ERP familiarity effect to the isolated familiarised words relative to the novel words over the left‐frontal region of interest during the test phase. While the word familiarity effect did not differ as a function of the speaker's gaze over the left‐frontal region of interest, there was also a (not predicted) positive‐going early ERP familiarity effect over right fronto‐central and central electrodes in the direct gaze condition only. This study provides electrophysiological evidence that infants can segment words from audio‐visual speech, regardless of the ostensiveness of the speaker's communication. However, the speaker's gaze direction seems to influence the processing of familiar words.Research Highlights
We examined 10‐month‐old infants’ ERP word familiarity response using audio‐visual stories, in which a speaker addressed infants with direct or averted gaze while speaking.
Ten‐month‐old infants can segment and recognise familiar words from audio‐visual speech, indicated by their negative‐going ERP response to familiar, relative to novel, words.
This negative‐going ERP word familiarity effect was present for isolated words over left‐frontal electrodes regardless of whether the speaker offered eye contact while speaking.
An additional positivity in response to familiar words was observed for direct gaze only, over right fronto‐central and central electrodes.
Repeated immunosuppressive rabbit antithymocyte globulin therapy for adult patients with relapsed or refractory aplastic anemia
Authors: Sakamoto Tatsuhiro , Obara Naoshi , Maruyama Yumiko , Kato Takayasu , Kurita Naoki , Hattori Keiichiro , Suehara Yasuhito , Nishikii Hidekazu , Yokoyama Yasuhisa , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko , Usuki Kensuke , Chiba Shigeru 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesImmunosuppressive therapy (IST) with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporin A is the standard treatment for aplastic anemia (AA). However, the efficacy of repeated IST with rabbit ATG (rATG) as salvage therapy remains unclear in patients with relapsed or refractory AA.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of IST2 with rATG (IST2‐rATG) in 19 consecutive patients with relapsed or refractory AA who received first‐line IST with rATG in two centers between 2009 and 2020.ResultsThe overall 6‐month response rate of the patients was 58%. The response rates were similar between patients with relapsed and refractory AA. The presence of glycophosphatidylinositol‐deficient blood cells was associated with a better response to IST2‐rATG. Despite retreatment with the same rATG, serum disease and severe allergic reactions were not observed.ConclusionIST2‐rATG is effective and safe for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed and refractory AA after receiving first‐line IST with rATG.
Association between COVID‐19 vaccination and myasthenia gravis: A population‐based, nested case–control study
Authors: Arbel Anat , Bishara Haya , Barnett‐Griness Ofra , Cohen Shai , Najjar‐Debbiny Ronza , Gronich Naomi , Auriel Eitan , Saliba Walid 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundExisting data regarding the link between COVID‐19 vaccine and myasthenia gravis (MG) are scarce. We aimed to assess the association between Pfizer‐BioNTech vaccine with both new‐onset MG and MG exacerbation.MethodsFor the first aim, we conducted a nested case–control study in a cohort of 3,052,467 adults, without a diagnosis of MG, from the largest healthcare provider in Israel. Subjects were followed from January 1, 2021 until June 30, 2022 for the occurrence of MG. Ten randomly selected controls were matched to each case of new‐onset MG on age and sex. For the second aim, a nested case–control study was conducted in a cohort of 1446 MG patients. Four randomly selected MG patients (controls) were matched to each case of MG exacerbation. Exposure to COVID‐19 vaccine in the prior 4 weeks was assessed in cases and controls.ResultsOverall, 332 patients had new‐onset MG and were matched with 3320 controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models showed that the odds ratio (OR) for new‐onset MG, associated with COVID‐19 vaccine, was 1.14 (95% CI 0.73–1.78). The results were consistent in sensitivity analysis that used more stringent criteria to define MG. Overall, 62 patients with MG exacerbation were matched to 248 MG controls. The multivariable OR for MG exacerbation, associated with COVID‐19 vaccine, was 1.35 (95% CI 0.37–4.89). All results were similar when the prior exposure to COVID‐19 vaccine was extended to 8 weeks.ConclusionThis study suggests that Pfizer‐BioNTech vaccine is not associated with increased risk of new‐onset nor exacerbation of MG.
Hybridizing arts with efficiency in an Italian government agency
Authors: Carloni Eleonora , Arnaboldi Michela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper explores how arts and arts‐based initiatives (ABIs) are embedded in a non‐arts organization with a pronounced imprint on efficiency.When two unconnected and distant fields of activity coexist and collaborate, this is known in academia as hybridity. Scholars in hybridity are interested in studying the tension that emerges from the blending of otherwise distant fields and the coping actions that give stability over time. Conversely, studies on ABIs have mostly overlooked the tension arising from the coupling of arts practices and efficiency practices viewed in a long‐term perspective.To address this issue, we conducted a process research study on a government agency with a strong efficiency mindset and a focus on standardized procedures which had decided to promote its arts collection. The analysis was based on semi‐structured interviews, participant observations, and archive data and focused on the tension and actions taken by the unit running the arts collection and the rest of the government agency. Our findings identified two types of actions, instant and enduring actions, which can be deployed with diverse temporality and by people with different hierarchical positions to navigate the tensions arising from art being incorporated within a non‐arts organization over time.
A conditional process analysis of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in outpatient parents: Examining the Narrative Crisis Model by parenthood status
Authors: Lloveras Lauren B. , Lawrence Olivia C. , Galynker Igor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNo study to date has examined the moderating effect of parenthood on suicidal states and outcomes using a conditional process model. The Narrative Crisis Model, a multi‐stage model from interpersonal distress to suicidal outcomes mediated by Suicide Crisis Syndrome severity, was assessed (H1). The present study tested whether (H2) parenthood moderates the indirect association between interpersonal distress and suicidality to reduce suicide risk. Psychiatric outpatients (N = 466) completed measures assessing the severity of interpersonal distress and Suicide Crisis Syndrome, as well as a clinical interview of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The sample was predominantly female (65.7%), with ages ranging from 18 to 84 years. Mediation was conducted on the total sample (H1) and a conditional process analysis compared parents (n = 170) and non‐parents (H2). Suicide Crisis Syndrome severity mediated the relationship between interpersonal distress and suicidal outcomes. Parenthood moderated the indirect relationship between interpersonal distress and suicidal outcomes through Suicide Crisis Syndrome such that parents had a significantly higher suicide risk than non‐parents (index = 0.058; 95% CI [0.005, 0.139]). In the context of an outpatient population, parents appear to be more at risk for developing a suicidal crisis and engaging in suicidal thoughts and behaviors than non‐parents. Parenthood may act as a pile‐up stressor for this population, outweighing the protective effects of having children. In this way, the Narrative Crisis Model is a theoretical model suitable for the examination of complex factors impacting risk for near‐term suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Biogenesis of fibrils requires C‐mannosylation of PMEL
Authors: Kawahara Ryota , Usami Tomoko , Arakawa Satoko , Kamo Hiroki , Suzuki Takehiro , Komatsu Ryosuke , Hara Hiroyuki , Niwa Yuki , Shimizu Erina , Dohmae Naoshi , Shimizu Shigeomi , Simizu Siro 
Published: August 2023

Premelanosome protein (PMEL), a melanocyte‐specific glycoprotein, has an essential role in melanosome maturation, assembling amyloid fibrils for melanin deposition. PMEL undergoes several post‐translational modifications, including N‐ and O‐glycosylations, which are associated with proper melanosome development. C‐mannosylation is a rare type of protein glycosylation at a tryptophan residue that might regulate the secretion and localization of proteins. PMEL has one putative C‐mannosylation site in its core amyloid fragment (CAF); however, there is no report focusing on C‐mannosylation of PMEL. To investigate this, we expressed recombinant PMEL in SK‐MEL‐28 human melanoma cells and purified the protein. Mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated that human PMEL is C‐mannosylated at multiple tryptophan residues in its CAF and N‐terminal fragment (NTF). In addition to the W153 or W156 residue (CAF), which lies in the consensus sequence for C‐mannosylation, the W104 residue (NTF) was C‐mannosylated without the consensus sequence. To determine the effects of the modifications, we deleted the PMEL gene by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and re‐expressed wild‐type or C‐mannosylation‐defective mutants of PMEL, in which the C‐mannosylated tryptophan was replaced with a phenylalanine residue (WF mutation), in SK‐MEL‐28 cells. Importantly, fibril‐containing melanosomes were significantly decreased in W104F mutant PMEL‐re‐expressing cells compared with wild‐type PMEL, observed using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, western blot and immunofluorescence analysis suggested that the W104F mutation may cause mild endoplasmic reticulumretention, possibly associated with early misfolding, and lysosomal misaggregation, thus reducing functional fibril formation. Our results demonstrate that C‐mannosylation of PMEL is required for proper melanosome development by regulating PMEL‐derived fibril formation.
Severe ethanol stress inhibits yeast proteasome activity at moderate temperatures but not at low temperatures
Authors: Nguyet Vo Thi Anh , Ando Ryoko , Furutani Noboru , Izawa Shingo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSince yeast research under laboratory conditions is usually conducted at 25–30°C (moderate temperature range), most of the findings on yeast physiology are based on analyses in this temperature range. Due to inefficiencies in cultivation and analysis, insufficient information is available on yeast physiology in the low‐temperature range, although alcoholic beverage production is often conducted at relatively low temperatures (around 15°C). Recently, we reported that severe ethanol stress (10% v/v) inhibits proteasomal proteolysis in yeast cells under laboratory conditions at 28°C. In this study, proteasomal proteolysis at a low temperature (15°C) was evaluated using cycloheximide chase analysis of a short‐lived protein (Gic2‐3HA), an auxin‐inducible degron system (Paf1‐AID*‐6FLAG), and Spe1‐3HA, which is degraded ubiquitin‐independently by the proteasome. At 15°C, proteasomal proteolysis was not inhibited under severe ethanol stress, and sufficient proteasomal activity was maintained. These results provide novel insights into the effects of low temperature and ethanol on yeast physiology.
Generalised Income Inequality Index
Authors: Dong Ziqing , Tille Yves , Giorgi Giovanni Maria , Guandalini Alessio 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThis paper proposes a deep generalisation for income inequality indices. A generalised income inequality index that depends on two parameters and that involves a large set of income inequality indices in the same framework is proposed. The two parameters control the sensitivity of the generalised index to different levels of the income distribution. A thorough investigation of the generalised index paves the way for understanding the influence of the low, middle and high incomes on various income inequality indices and thereby facilitates the choice of multiple indices simultaneously for a better analysis of inequality as advocated by several recent studies. Moreover, two methods for estimating the generalised index in the case of finite populations are shown. A new method for estimating the inequality indices is proposed.
A novel approach to portfolio selection using news volume and sentiment
Authors: Ho Kin‐Yip , Wang Kun Tracy , Wang Wanbin Walter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, we develop a novel approach to portfolio diversification by integrating information on news volume and sentiment with the k‐nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm. Our empirical analysis indicates that high news volume contributes to portfolio risk, whereas news sentiment contributes to portfolio return. Based on these findings, we propose a kNN algorithm for portfolio selection. Our in‐sample and out‐of‐sample tests suggest that the proposed kNN portfolio selection approach outperforms the benchmark index portfolio. Overall, we show that incorporating news volume and sentiment into portfolio selection can enhance portfolio performance by improving returns and reducing risk.
Amlodipine in the current management of hypertension
Authors: Wang Ji‐Guang , Palmer Biff F. , Vogel Anderson Katherine , Sever Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHypertension is the leading cause of death worldwide, affecting 1.4 billion people. Treatment options include the widely used calcium channel blockers, among which amlodipine, a dihydropyridine, has unique characteristics that distinguish it from other drugs within this class. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the evidence supporting the use of amlodipine over the past 30 years and highlights its cardiovascular benefits in current hypertension management. Amlodipine has low renal clearance (7 mL/min/mg) and long half‐life (35–50 h) and duration of action, which allows it to sustain its anti‐hypertensive effect for more than 24 h following a single dose. Additionally, blood pressure (BP) control is maintained even when a dose has been missed, providing continuous protection in case of incidental noncompliance. It has proven to reduce BP variability and successfully lower BP. Amlodipine also controls BP in patients with a systolic/diastolic BP of 130/80 mm Hg or higher, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease without worsening glycemic or kidney function. Additionally, amlodipine is a wise choice for older adults due to its ability to control BP and protect against stroke and myocardial infarction. Side effects of amlodipine include edema, palpitations, dizziness, and flushing, which are more common with the higher dose of 10 mg. Amlodipine is cost effective and predicted to be cost saving when compared with usual care.
The advantages of crosstalk during the evolution of the BZR1–ARF6–PIF4 (BAP) module
Authors: Diao Runjie , Zhao Mengru , Liu Yannan , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhong Bojian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe BAP module, comprising BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 6 (ARF6), and PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), functions as a molecular hub to orchestrate plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, components of the BAP module physically interact to form a complex system that integrates light, brassinosteroid (BR), and auxin signals. Little is known about the origin and evolution of the BAP module. Here, we conducted comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the evolution and functional diversification of the BAP module. Our results suggest that the BAP module originated in land plants and that the ζ, ε, and γ whole‐genome duplication/triplication events contributed to the expansion of BAP module components in seed plants. Comparative transcriptomic analysis suggested that the prototype BAP module arose in Marchantia polymorpha, experienced stepwise evolution, and became established as a mature regulatory system in seed plants. We developed a formula to calculate the signal transduction productivity of the BAP module and demonstrate that more crosstalk among components enables higher signal transduction efficiency. Our results reveal the evolutionary history of the BAP module and provide insights into the evolution of plant signaling networks and the strategies employed by plants to integrate environmental and endogenous signals.