bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Mild Behavioral Impairment on Longitudinal Changes in Cognition
Authors: Rouse Hillary J , Ismail Zahinoor , Andel Ross , Molinari Victor A , Schinka John A , Small Brent J 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
To examine cross-sectional differences and longitudinal changes in cognitive performance based on the presence of mild behavioral impairment (MBI) among older adults who are cognitively healthy or have mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods
Secondary data analysis of participants (n = 17 291) who were cognitively healthy (n = 11 771) or diagnosed with MCI (n = 5 520) from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database. Overall, 24.7% of the sample met the criteria for MBI. Cognition was examined through a neuropsychological battery that assessed attention, episodic memory, executive function, language, visuospatial ability, and processing speed.

Results
Older adults with MBI, regardless of whether they were cognitively healthy or diagnosed with MCI, performed significantly worse at baseline on tasks for attention, episodic memory, executive function, language, and processing speed and exhibited greater longitudinal declines on tasks of attention, episodic memory, language, and processing speed. Cognitively healthy older adults with MBI performed significantly worse than those who were cognitively healthy without MBI on tasks of visuospatial ability at baseline and on tasks of processing speed across time. Older adults with MCI and MBI performed significantly worse than those with only MCI on executive function at baseline and visuospatial ability and processing speed tasks across time.

Conclusions
This study found evidence that MBI is related to poorer cognitive performance cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Additionally, those with MBI and MCI performed worse across multiple tasks of cognition both cross-sectionally and across time. These results provide support for MBI being uniquely associated with different aspects of cognition.
Do Individuals Aged 50 or Older View Cognitive Conditions Differently Than Physical Conditions? Evidence From a Pooled Analysis of Illness Perceptions in Type 2 Diabetes and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Lingler Jennifer H , Bender Catherine M , Albert Steven M , Sereika Susan M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are common late-life physical and cognitive health conditions. Illness perceptions, an individual’s personal beliefs about the conditions, should be explored in the context of disease characteristics (physical or cognitive). This secondary analysis explored illness perceptions with a priori hypotheses about control (perceived controllability) and coherence (perceived understanding) dimensions among persons with T2DM and MCI, treating each as an exemplar of late-life physical and cognitive health conditions. We also explored whether age, education, and comorbid conditions moderate the relationships between T2DM or MCI condition groups and illness perceptions.

Research Design and Methods
This cross-sectional, descriptive study examined baseline data collected from 146 T2DM to 90 MCI participants in 2 independent studies. The 9-item Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire was used to identify the similarities and differences in illness perceptions among persons with T2DM and MCI. We performed hierarchical linear regression controlling for identified covariates.

Results
We found that T2DM and MCI participants had significantly different illness perceptions, including perceptions of personal control (b = −0.943, p = .009), treatment control (b = −1.619, p &lt; .001), and coherence (b = −1.265, p = .001), after controlling for covariates. The results suggest that persons with MCI were likely to believe that their condition is less controllable (through their own strategies or medical treatment) and less understandable compared with their T2DM counterparts. Such associations remained statistically significant when the interactions were added to the models.

Discussion and Implications
As T2DM and MCI are prevalent late-life conditions, health care professionals should consider individuals’ subjective perceptions about their conditions in the context of disease characteristics when counseling secondary prevention strategies for disease management. Further research on illness perceptions in other conditions is needed to ensure the replicability of our findings.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of Salvia miltiorrhiza with orange roots uncovers the role of Sm2OGD3 in catalyzing 15,16-dehydrogenation of tanshinones
Authors: Pan Xian , Chang Yujie , Li Caili , Qiu Xiaoxiao , Cui Xinyun , Meng Fanqi , Zhang Sixuan , Li Xian’en , Lu Shanfa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is well known for its clinical practice in treating heart and cardiovascular diseases. Its roots, used for traditional Chinese medicine materials, are usually brick-red due to accumulation of red pigments, such as tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I. Here we report a S. miltiorrhiza line (shh) with orange roots. Compared with the red roots of normal S. miltiorrhiza plants, the contents of tanshinones with a single bond at C-15,16 were increased, whereas those with a double bond at C-15,16 were significantly decreased in shh. We assembled a high-quality chromosome-level genome of shh. Phylogenomic analysis showed that the relationship between two S. miltiorrhiza lines with red roots was closer than the relationship with shh. It indicates that shh could not be the mutant of an extant S. miltiorrhiza line with red roots. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that a 1.0 kb DNA fragment was deleted in shh Sm2OGD3m. Complementation assay showed that overexpression of intact Sm2OGD3 in shh hairy roots recovered furan D-ring tanshinone accumulation. Consistently, in vitro protein assay showed that Sm2OGD3 catalyzed the conversion of cyptotanshinone, 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I and 1,2,15,16-tetrahydrotanshinone I into tanshinone IIA, tanshinone I and 1,2-dihydrotanshinone I, respectively. Thus, Sm2OGD3 functions as tanshinone 15,16-dehydrogenase and is a key enzyme in tanshinone biosynthesis. The results provide novel insights into the metabolic network of medicinally important tanshinone compounds.
Control of ovule development in Vitis vinifera by VvMADS28 and interacting genes
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Wang Li , Yao Jin , Wu Na , Ahmad Bilal , van Nocker Steve , Wu Jiuyun , Abudureheman Riziwangguli , Li Zhi , Wang Xiping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Seedless grapes are increasingly popular throughout the world, and the development of seedless varieties is a major breeding goal. In this study, we demonstrate an essential role for the grapevine MADS-box gene VvMADS28 in morphogenesis of the ovule. We found that VvMADS28 mRNA accumulated in the ovules of a seeded cultivar, ‘Red Globe’, throughout the course of ovule and seed development, especially within the integument/seed coat. In contrast, in the seedless cultivar ‘Thompson Seedless’, VvMADS28 was expressed only weakly in ovules, and this was associated with increased levels of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) within the VvMADS28 promoter region. RNAi-mediated transient suppression of VvMADS28 expression in ‘Red Globe’ led to reduced seed size associated with inhibition of episperm and endosperm cell development. Heterologous overexpression of VvMADS28 in transgenic tomatoes interfered with sepal development and resulted in smaller fruit but did not obviously affect seed size. Assays in yeast cells showed that VvMADS28 is subject to regulation by the transcription factor VvERF98, and that VvMADS28 could interact with the Type I/ Mβ MADS-domain protein VvMADS5. Moreover, through DNA-affinity purification-sequencing (DAP-seq), we found that VvMADS28 protein specifically binds to the promoter of the grapevine WUSCHEL (VvWUS) gene, suggesting that maintenance of the VvMADS28–VvMADS5 dimer and VvWUS expression homeostasis influences seed development. Taken together, our results provide insight into regulatory mechanisms of ovule and seed development associated with VvMADS28.
Nicotiana benthamiana XYLEM CYSTEINE PROTEASEgenes facilitate tracheary element formation in interfamily grafting
Authors: Huang Chaokun , Kurotani Ken-ichi , Tabata Ryo , Mitsuda Nobutaka , Sugita Ryohei , Tanoi Keitaro , Notaguchi Michitaka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGrafting is a plant propagation technique widely used in agriculture. A recent discovery of the capability of interfamily grafting in Nicotiana has expanded the potential combinations of grafting. In this study, we showed that xylem connection is essential for the achievement of interfamily grafting and investigated the molecular basis of xylem formation at the graft junction. Transcriptome and gene network analyses revealed gene modules for tracheary element (TE) formation during grafting that include genes associated with xylem cell differentiation and immune response. The reliability of the drawn network was validated by examining the role of the Nicotiana benthamiana XYLEM CYSTEINE PROTEASE (NbXCP) genes in TE formation during interfamily grafting. Promoter activities of NbXCP1 and NbXCP2 genes were found in differentiating TE cells in the stem and callus tissues at the graft junction. Analysis of a Nbxcp1;Nbxcp2 loss-of-function mutant indicated that NbXCPs control the timing of de novo TE formation at the graft junction. Moreover, grafts of the NbXCP1 overexpressor increased the scion growth rate as well as the fruit size. Thus, we identified gene modules for TE formation at the graft boundary and demonstrated potential ways to enhance Nicotiana interfamily grafting.
Stability of fixed points in an approximate solution of the spring-mass running model
Authors: Wróblewska Zofia , Kowalczyk Piotr , Płociniczak Łukasz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider a classical spring-mass model of human running which is built upon an inverted elastic pendulum. Based on previous results concerning asymptotic solutions for large spring constant (or small angle of attack), we introduce an analytical approximation of a reduced mapping. Although approximate solutions already exist in the literature, our results have some benefits over them. They give us an advantage of being able to explicitly control the error of the approximation in terms of the small parameter, which has a physical meaning—the inverse of the square-root of the spring constant. Our approximation also shows how the solutions are asymptotically related to the magnitude of attack angle $\alpha $. The model itself consists of two sets of differential equations—one set describes the motion of the centre of mass of a runner in contact with the ground (support phase), and the second set describes the phase of no contact with the ground (flight phase). By appropriately concatenating asymptotic solutions for the two phases we are able to reduce the dynamics to a one-dimensional apex to apex return map. We find sufficient conditions for this map to have a unique stable fixed point. By numerical continuation of fixed points with respect to energy, we find a transcritical bifurcation in our model system.
Disseminating child abuse clinical decision support among commercial electronic health records: Effects on clinical practice
Authors: Feldstein David A , Barata Isabel , McGinn Thomas , Heineman Emily , Ross Joshua , Kaplan Dana , Bullaro Francesca , Khan Sundas , Kuehnel Nicholas , Berger Rachel P 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe use of electronic health record (EHR)-embedded child abuse clinical decision support (CA-CDS) may help decrease morbidity from child maltreatment. We previously reported on the development of CA-CDS in Epic and Allscripts. The objective of this study was to implement CA-CDS into Epic and Allscripts and determine its effects on identification, evaluation, and reporting of suspected child maltreatment.Materials and MethodsAfter a preimplementation period, CA-CDS was implemented at University of Wisconsin (Epic) and Northwell Health (Allscripts). Providers were surveyed before the go-live and 4 months later. Outcomes included the proportion of children who triggered the CA-CDS system, had a positive Child Abuse Screen (CAS) and/or were reported to Child Protective Services (CPS).ResultsAt University of Wisconsin (UW), 3.5% of children in the implementation period triggered the system. The CAS was positive in 1.8% of children. The proportion of children reported to CPS increased from 0.6% to 0.9%. There was rapid uptake of the abuse order set.At Northwell Health (NW), 1.9% of children in the implementation period triggered the system. The CAS was positive in 1% of children. The child abuse order set was rarely used. Preimplementation, providers at both sites were similar in desire to have CA-CDS system and perception of CDS in general. After implementation, UW providers had a positive perception of the CA-CDS system, while NW providers had a negative perception.DiscussionCA-CDS was able to be implemented in 2 different EHRs with differing effects on clinical care and provider feedback. At UW, the site with higher uptake of the CA-CDS system, the proportion of children who triggered the system and the rate of positive CAS was similar to previous studies and there was an increase in the proportion of cases of suspected abuse identified as measured by reports to CPS. Our data demonstrate how local environment, end-users’ opinions, and limitations in the EHR platform can impact the success of implementation.ConclusionsWhen disseminating CA-CDS into different hospital systems and different EHRs, it is critical to recognize how limitations in the functionality of the EHR can impact the success of implementation. The importance of collecting, interpreting, and responding to provider feedback is of critical importance particularly with CDS related to child maltreatment.
Anti-money-laundering oversight and banks’ reporting of suspicious transactions: some empirical evidence
Authors: Gara Mario , Manaresi Francesco , Marchetti Domenico J , Marinucci Marco 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We investigate the relation between anti-money-laundering (AML) inspections and banks’ ability and effort to identify and report suspicious transactions. We do so by using detailed data from the Bank of Italy and the Italian Financial Intelligence Unit, which include information on (i) authorities’ on-site inspections and enforcement actions, (ii) quantity and quality of suspicious transactions reports filed by banks before and after inspections, and (iii) reports’ investigative follow-ups. We document an increase in banks’ reporting after an inspection. Crucially, the increase is not concentrated among low-quality reports, but is spread to reports which are relevant from both a financial and an investigative point of view. We thus overall observe a rise in the information conveyed by AML reports after the authorities’ intervention. On the mechanism of the effect, we provide some suggestive evidence that inspections induce an increase of both banks’ reporting effort as well as screening skills (JEL G28, K23, L51, M21).
The difficulty of using prescription drug monitoring program among office-based physicians in the USA: a challenge to mitigate controlled substance prescriptions
Authors: Alshehri Khalid , Palm David , Wehbi Nizar K , Jung Tak Hyo , ElRayes Wael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To address the usability challenge of Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) among office-based physicians in the USA imposed by the difficulty barrier for the system usage, we sought: (1) to estimate the association between the PDMP difficulty of use and reducing or eliminating controlled substance prescriptions; and (2) to test the mediating effect of the frequency of PDMP check in the association between the PDMP difficulty of use and the reduction of controlled substance prescriptions.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from the 2019 National Electronic Health Records Survey with a weighted sample of 214 889 office-based physicians. Weighted bivariate chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regressions with a confidence interval of 95% were performed. Bootstrap technique was used to conduct the causal mediation analysis.

Key findings
A PDMP that is easier to use was significantly associated with a higher reduction or elimination of controlled substance prescriptions (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.77). Easier PDMP use was also significantly associated with more frequent PDMP check prior to prescribing a controlled substance to a patient for the first time (OR = 6.39; 95% CI: 3.36, 12.15). About third (29.79%) of the observed association between PDMP difficulty of use and reducing or eliminating controlled substance prescriptions was mediated through the frequency of PDMP check.

Conclusion
The difficulty of PDMP limits the system’s usability which undermines the process of mitigating controlled substance prescriptions. Future efforts are needed to re-assess and regulate facilitators for difficult PDMP usage to maximise the success of this system and reach the goals behind its implementation.
Totally intramyocardial bullet in a clinically stable patient: a successfully managed case from a low income country
Authors: Fekadu Desalegn , Bezabih Abebe , Tesfaye Mahlet , Hayato Abdella , Muluneh Natnael , Kejela Segni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntra-cardiac retained bullets rare entities in clinical practice owing to the high mortality associated with it. We present a case of a 26-year-old male patient presented 24 days after sustaining a bullet injury to the left side of the chest. Intra-operatively totally myocardial bullet was found within the right ventricle and extracted successfully.
A rare case of duodenal angiodysplasia—a case report
Authors: Razzak Saad Abdul , Awan Faisal Nazir , Murphy Amy Edward , Mustafa Hamid , Mehmood Umer , Ashraf Jawad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal bleeding can be manifested as a variety of symptoms and, often, it is difficult to classify as upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding on mere symptomatology. This is a case report of a similar kind of patient who initially was diagnosed with fresh per rectum bleeding, subsequently diagnosed as bleeding angiodysplasia in duodenal diverticulum by a series of investigations and management including urgent oesophageal-gastroduodenoscopy (OGD), laparotomy, followed by computerized tomography-angiogram. As diagnosis was established after laparotomy, the patient was kept intubated and IR selective embolization was performed. Keeping this case report in view, it can be suggested that bleeding vascular malformation in any part duodenum should be considered as a cause of massive upper GI bleeding. Furthermore, if operative intervention is indicated, it should be preceded by OGD, not only for a therapeutic purpose but also as an adjunct for guidance for the operative plan.
Panel Conditioning in A Probability-based Longitudinal study: A Comparison of Respondents with Different Levels of Survey Experience
Authors: Kraemer Fabienne , Silber Henning , Struminskaya Bella , Sand Matthias , Bosnjak Michael , Koßmann Joanna , Weiß Bernd 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Learning effects due to repeated interviewing, also known as panel conditioning, are a major threat to response quality in later waves of a panel study. To date, research has not provided a clear picture regarding the circumstances, mechanisms, and dimensions of potential panel conditioning effects. In particular, the effects of conditioning frequency, that is, different levels of experience within a panel, on response quality are underexplored. Against this background, we investigated the effects of panel conditioning by using data from the GESIS Panel, a German mixed-mode probability-based panel study. Using two refreshment samples, we compared three panel cohorts with differing levels of experience on several response quality indicators related to the mechanisms of reflection, satisficing, and social desirability. Overall, we find evidence for both negative (i.e., disadvantageous for response quality) and positive (i.e., advantageous for response quality) panel conditioning. Highly experienced respondents were more likely to satisfice by speeding through the questionnaire. They also had a higher probability of refusing to answer sensitive questions than less experienced panel members. However, more experienced respondents were also more likely to optimize the response process by needing less time compared to panelists with lower experience levels (when controlling for speeding). In contrast, we did not find significant differences with respect to the number of “don’t know” responses, nondifferentiation, the selection of first response categories and mid-responses, and the number of nontriggered filter questions. Of the observed differences, speeding showed the highest magnitude with an average increase of 6.0 percentage points for highly experienced panel members compared to low experienced panelists.
Development of a new travellers’ diarrhoea clinical severity classification and its utility in confirming rifamycin-SV efficacy
Authors: DuPont Herbert L , Almenoff June S , Jamindar Mansi S , Bortey Enoch , Steffen Robert 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
travellers’ diarrhoea (TD) is frequently reported with incidence up to 40% in high-risk destinations. Previous studies showed that the number of loose stools alone is inadequate to holistically predict the severity of TD. To improve the prediction of prognosis and to optimize treatments, a simple risk-based clinical severity classification has been developed.

Methods
pooled baseline data of signs and symptoms and number of loose stools from 1098 subjects enrolled in two double-blind Phase 3 trials of rifamycin-SV were analyzed with correlation, multiple correspondence analyses, prognostic factor criteria, and Contal and O’Quigley method to generate a TD severity classification (mild, moderate and severe). The relative importance of this classification on resolution of TD was assessed by Cox proportional model hazard model on the time to last unformed stool (TLUS).

Results
the analysis showed that TLUS were longer for the severe [hazard ratio (HR) 0.24; P &lt; 0.001; n = 173] and moderate (HR 0.54; P = 0.0272; n = 912) vs mild. Additionally, when the treatment assigned in the studies was investigated in the severity classification, the results yielded that rifamycin-SV significantly shortened TLUS vs placebo for all subjects (HR 1.9; P = 0.0006), severe (HR 5.9; P = 0.0232) and moderate (HR 1.7; P = 0.0078) groups and was as equally efficacious as ciprofloxacin for all subjects, moderate and severe groups (HRs: 0.962, 0.9, 1.2; all P = NS, respectively). When reassessed by this classification, rifamycin-SV showed consistent efficacy with the Phase 3 studies.

Conclusions
this newly developed TD clinical severity classification demonstrated strong prognostic value and clinical utility by combining patients’ multiple signs and symptoms of enteric infection and number of loose stools to provide a holistic assessment of TD. By expanding on the current classification by incorporating patient reported outcomes in addition to TLUS, a classification like the one developed, may help optimize patient selection for future clinical studies.