bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
En route to next-generation nerve repair: static passive magnetostimulation modulates neurite outgrowth
Authors: Neuman Katelyn , Zhang Xiaoyu , Mills Caroline , Koppes Ryan , Lewis Laura H , Koppes Abigail 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Regeneration of damaged nerves is required for recovery following nervous system injury. While neural cell behavior may be modified by neuromodulation techniques, the impact of static direct current (DC) magnetic stimulation remains unclear. Approach. This study quantifies the effects of DC magnetostimulation on primary neuronal outgrowth in vitro. The extension of neurites of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) subjected to two different low-strength (mT) static magnetic flux configurations was investigated. Main results. After 3 d of 1 h in-plane (IP) magnetic field stimulation, a 62.5% increase in neurite outgrowth area was seen relative to unstimulated controls. The combined action of in-plane + out-of-plane (IP + OOP) magnetic field application produced a directional outgrowth bias parallel to the IP field direction. At the same time, the diverse magnetic field conditions produced no changes in two soluble neurotrophic factors, nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, released from resident glia. Significance. These results demonstrate the potential for DC magnetostimulation to enhance neuronal regrowth and improve clinical outcomes.
Hydrogen and oxygen on tungsten (110) surface: adsorption, absorption and desorption investigated by density functional theory
Authors: Ferro Y. , Hodille E.A. , Denis J. , Piazza Z.A. , Ajmalghan M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work we investigated the adsorption of oxygen and the co-adsorption of oxygen and hydrogen on the (110) surface of tungsten by means of Density Functional calculations. The absorption, recombination and release mechanisms of hydrogen across the (110) surface with oxygen are further established at saturation and above saturation of the surface. It is found that hydrogen and oxygen both adsorb preferentially at three-fold sites. The saturation limit was determined to one monolayer in adsorbate. Oxygen is found to lower the binding energy of hydrogen on the surface and to lower the activation barrier for the recombination of molecular hydrogen. Finally, as on the clean surface, oversaturation in adsorbate is shown to lower both activation barriers for hydrogen absorption and for molecular hydrogen recombination on the (110) surface of tungsten.
Control and study of bio-inspired quadrupedal gaits on an underactuated miniature robot
Authors: Askari Mohammad , Ugur Mustafa , Mahkam Nima , Yeldan Alper , Ozcan Onur 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller for controlling the gait of a miniature, foldable quadruped robot with individually actuated and controlled legs (MinIAQ-III). The controller is implemented on a palm-size robot made by folding an acetate sheet. MinIAQ-III has four DC motors for actuation and four rotary sensors for feedback. It is one of the few untethered robots on a miniature scale capable of working with different gaits with the help of its individually-actuated legs and the developed controller. The presented LQG controller controls each leg’s positions and rotational speeds by measuring the positions and estimating the rotational speeds, respectively. With the precise gait control on the robot, we demonstrate different gaits inspired by quadrupeds in nature and compare the simulation and experiment results for some of the gaits. An extensive simulation environment developed for robot dynamics helps us to predict the locomotion behavior of the robot in various environments. The match between the simulation and the experiment results shows that the proposed LQG controller can successfully control the miniature robot’s gaits. We also conduct a case study that shows the potential to use the simulation to achieve different robot behavior. In a case study, we present our robot performing a prancing similar to horses. We use the simulation environment to find the required motor configuration phases and physical parameters, which can make our robot prance. After finding the parameters in simulation, we replicate the configuration in our robot and observe the robot making the same moves as the simulation.
On the perturbed second Painlevé equation
*
Authors: Holroyd Joshua , Joshi Nalini 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We consider a perturbed version of the second Painlevé equation (

P

II

), which arises in applications, and show that it possesses solutions analogous to the celebrated Hastings–McLeod and tritronquée solutions of

P

II

. The Hastings–McLeod-type solution of the perturbed equation is holomorphic, real-valued and positive on the whole real-line, while the tritronquée-type solution is holomorphic in a large sector of the complex plane. These properties also characterise the corresponding solutions of

P

II

and are surprising because the perturbed equation does not possess additional distinctive properties that characterise

P

II

, particularly the Painlevé property.
Unimodularity and invariant volume forms for Hamiltonian dynamics on Poisson–Lie groups
Authors: Gutierrez-Sagredo I , Iglesias Ponte D , Marrero J C , Padrón E , Ravanpak Z 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss several relations between the existence of invariant volume forms for Hamiltonian systems on Poisson–Lie groups and the unimodularity of the Poisson–Lie structure. In particular, we prove that Hamiltonian vector fields on a Lie group endowed with a unimodular Poisson–Lie structure preserve a multiple of any left-invariant volume on the group. Conversely, we also prove that if there exists a Hamiltonian function such that the identity element of the Lie group is a nondegenerate singularity and the associated Hamiltonian vector field preserves a volume form, then the Poisson–Lie structure is necessarily unimodular. Furthermore, we illustrate our theory with different interesting examples, both on semisimple and unimodular Poisson–Lie groups.
Folate decorated dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles for targeted delivery of ellipticine in cervical cancer cells
Authors: Abdulwahid Farah Shamil , Haider Adawiya J. , Al-Musawi Sharafaldin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) grafted with foliate (FA) were prepared and used as a nanocarrier for ellipticine (ET) delivery in cervical cancer. In this work we prepared superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in liquid method. The formation of the SPION@DEX-ET-FA nanosystem was performed by a reverse microemulsion process. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were used to characteristic the morphological properties of the NPs. The appropriate impact of a therapeutic dose of SPION@DEX-ET-FA on both cancer and healthy cell lines was estimated using a 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The flow cytometry assays was used to evaluate the induction of apoptosis in Hela cervical cancer cells. The findings of the SPION@DEX-ET-FA formulated were spherical particles with an average size, polydispersity and a zeta potential of 101 ± 15.02 nm, 0.075 and −33.8 mV, respectively. The nanosystem displayed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on Hela cells. The results showed that SPION@DEX-ET-FA retained antitumor activity and no adverse effects on healthy cells were found.
Parameter optimization and microstructure evaluation of welding of structural steel 1020 and AA6062
Authors: Kumar C Labesh , Jayakumar V , Bharathiraja G , Palani Kumaran 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
AA6062 and ST1020 materials are used to perform friction stir spot welding (FSSW). In this experiment, the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the welded joint were determined using a square-head tip tool. To enhance the life of the welded joint, three essential process parameters, namely tool speed, dwell time, and plunge depth were employed with four levels. The L16 orthogonal array was adapted for experimental work to develop a process parameter table. A tensile test was performed for a larger better value to predict the strength of the welded joint, and the value is 5.65 kN. The outcome shows that dwell time is a more prominent parameter than tool speed and plunge depth. The optimal combination of welding parameters is a dwell time of 24 s, a tool rotational speed of 1200 rpm, and a plunge depth of 0.8 mm; dwell time contributes 39.66%, followed by a plunge depth 35.7%, and at last, tool speed 6.171%. Furthermore, to determine the optimum level of parameters. The microstructure of this joint was observed with respect to heat dissipation and changes in grain size. Microstructure studies were carried out to see the area under stir zone for workpieces with high and low tensile strength. This work was validated using the response surface method (RSM). The RSM results are very close to the experimental results.
The effect of synthesis conditions on the photokilling activity of TiO2 nanostructures
Authors: Al-Harbi Laila M , Mohamed W S , Ebnalwaled A A , Said Alaa Hassan , Ezzeldien Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, Titanium dioxide nanostructures were hydrothermally synthesized at different temperatures 130, 170 and 200 °C. The structural properties and crystallite size of TiO2 nanostructures were confirmed through XRD analyses. Moreover, the morphologies were confirmed using TEM analyses. These analyses confirmed the formation of single phase TiO2 nanostructures. The average crystallite size for the TiO2 nanostructures synthesized at different hydrothermal temperatures of 130, 170, and 200 °C was found to be 11.5 nm, 5.3 nm, and 5 nm, respectively. The impact of changes in these morphologies on the physical characteristics and photokilling activity of cancer cells has been studied. The results showed that the photokilling activity of TiO2 nanostructures is morphology dependent, with TiO2 nanowires having the highest activity and nanosheets having the lowest under our experimental conditions.
Influences of various natural fibers on the mechanical and drilling characteristics of coir-fiber-based hybrid epoxy composites
Authors: Boopathi Sampathi , Balasubramani V , Sanjeev Kumar R 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this research, the hybrid natural fiber composite specimens were fabricated with a 64 wt% epoxy resin matrix, 20 wt% coir fiber, and 16 wt% of various natural fibers by the hand-layup method. The influences of various natural fibers (Coir, Jute, Flax, Cotton, Human Hair, Sisal, Kenaf, and Calotropis) on the mechanical characteristics (tensile, flexural, and impact strengths) and drilling properties (delamination factor and ovality) of the Coir-fiber based hybrid composite have been investigated. The maximum tensile strength (48.15 MPa), maximum flexural strength (47.87 MPa), and maximum impact strength (2.85 kJ m−2) have been obtained by Coir/Flax, Coir/Sisal, and Coir/Hair Fiber hybrid composite materials, respectively. The minimum delamination factor (1.0) and ovality (169.4 μm) were obtained by coir/flax and coir/jute hybrid composite specimens when compared to other combinations of specimens. The delamination factor and ovality of the drilled hole of all combinations of hybrid composite specimens have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The delamination factors of Coir/Flax and the drilling ovalities of Coir/Jute composite specimens are lower than those of other combinations of Coir-fiber-based composites.
Feeding gastrostomy and duodenostomy using the round ligament of the liver versus conventional feeding jejunostomy after esophagectomy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yasuda Tomohiko , Matsuda Akihisa , Arai Hiroki , Kakinuma Daisuke , Hagiwara Nobutoshi , Kawano Youichi , Minamimura Keisuke , Matsutani Takeshi , Watanabe Masanori , Suzuki Hideyuki , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Esophageal cancer patients require enteral nutritional support after esophagectomy. Conventional feeding enterostomy to the jejunum (FJ) is occasionally associated with small bowel obstruction because the jejunum is fixed to the abdominal wall. Feeding through an enteral feeding tube inserted through the reconstructed gastric tube (FG) or the duodenum (FD) using the round ligament of the liver have been suggested as alternatives. This meta-analysis aimed to compare short-term outcomes between FG/FD and FJ. Studies published prior to May 2022 that compared FG or FD with FJ in cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy were identified via electronic literature search. Meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel–Haenszel random-effects model to calculate Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Five studies met inclusion criteria to yield a total of 1687 patients. Compared with the FJ group, the odds of small bowel obstruction (OR 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02–0.33), catheter site infection (OR 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06–0.51) and anastomotic leakage (OR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32–0.89) were lower for the FG/FD group. Odds of pneumonia, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, chylothorax and hospital mortality did not significantly differ between the groups. The length of hospital stay was shorter for the FG/FD group (median difference, −10.83; 95% CI, −18.55 to −3.11). FG and FD using the round ligament of the liver were associated with lower odds of small bowel obstruction, catheter site infection and anastomotic leakage than FJ in esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy.
Global burden of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Dong Xin-Jiang , Wang Bei-Bei , Hou Fei-Fei , Jiao Yang , Li Hong-Wei , Lv Shu-Ping , Li Fei-Hong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to estimate the global burden of atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter (AFL) and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019.Methods and resultsThe data on AF/AFL were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. Incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths were metrics used to measure AF/AFL burden. The population attributable fractions (PAFs) were used to calculate the percentage contributions of major potential risk factors to age-standardized AF/AFL death. The analysis was performed between 1990 and 2019. Globally, in 2019, there were 4.7 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3.6 to 6.0] incident cases, 8.4 million (95% UI: 6.7 to 10.5) DALYs cases, and 0.32 million (95% UI: 0.27 to 0.36) deaths of AF/AFL. The burden of AF/AFL in 2019 and their temporal trends from 1990 to 2019 varied widely due to gender, Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and geographical location. Among all potential risk factors, age-standardized AF/AFL death worldwide in 2019 were primarily attributable to high systolic blood pressure [34.0% (95% UI: 27.3 to 41.0)], followed by high body mass index [20.2% (95% UI: 11.2 to 31.2)], alcohol use [7.4% (95% UI: 5.8 to 9.0)], smoking [4.3% (95% UI: 2.9 to 5.9)], diet high in sodium [4.2% (95% UI: 0.8 to 10.5)], and lead exposure [2.3% (95% UI: 1.3 to 3.4)].ConclusionOur study showed that AF/AFL is still a major public health concern. Despite the advancements in the prevention and treatment of AF/AFL, especially in regions in the relatively SDI quintile, the burden of AF/AFL in regions in lower SDI quintile is increasing. Since AF/AFL is largely preventable and treatable, there is an urgent need to implement more cost-effective strategies and interventions to address modifiable risk factors, especially in regions with high or increased AF/AFL burden.
Electroanatomic visualization of coronary arteries: a case series to elicit safety, feasibility, and diagnostic value in complex ablation procedures
Authors: Fries Bastian , Johnson Victoria , Schneider Nikita , Dörr Oliver , Chasan Ritvan , Mathew Shibu , Hamm Christian W , Schmitt Joern 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsThe goal of this case series was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and advantages of a wire-based approach for the live visualization of coronary arteries (CAs) in an electroanatomic mapping (EAM) system and to assess its diagnostic information.Methods and resultsFor this single-centre case series, we included procedures in which close proximity of a possible ablation site to any epicardial vessel was suspected. An uncoated-tip guidewire was introduced into the relevant CAs after exclusion of critical CA stenosis by coronary angiography. By connecting this wire to the EAM system using a clip and pin connection, mapping and live visualization of the wire tip is possible, as well as the assessment of the local electrograms within the respective CAs. Procedural wire insertion and intracoronary mapping was performed by EP specialists and was assisted to judge the relevance of CA disease by an interventional cardiologist. A total of nine procedures in nine patients were included in this case series, four ventricular tachycardia ablation procedures and five procedures for the ablation of premature ventricular contractions. The left CAs were mapped in eight cases and the right CA was mapped in one case. In two cases, epicardial mapping was combined with visualization of the right or left CAs. There were no complications attributed to coronary wiring and mapping in this case.ConclusionWe demonstrated the feasibility and safety of CA visualization and integration in an EAM. The live visualization of the CAs added valuable information without the need for preprocedural planning or the purchase of separate software. Electroanatomic visualization was achieved intraprocedurally in a safe and straightforward manner, adding critical diagnostic information without excessive costs or risks.
Influence of the bronchus on the vascular growth of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries
Authors: Ide Yujiro , Ikeda Tadashi , Tomotsuka Sanae , Matsuda Koichi , Akagi Kentaro , Hirata Takuya , Baba Shiro , Minatoya Kenji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOBJECTIVESPatients with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) often require additional surgical or catheter intervention after unifocalization (UF) due to stenosis and poor growth. We hypothesized that the UF design influences vascular growth; assessment was based on the passing route related to the bronchus.METHODSWe enrolled 5 patients with pulmonary atresia (PA), ventricular septal defect and MAPCA who underwent UF and subsequent definitive repair at our institute from 2008 to 2020. Angiography and computed tomography scans were routinely performed before surgical intervention to clarify pulmonary circulation and the relationships between MAPCAs and the bronchus, which revealed peculiar MAPCAs directed to the pulmonary hilum passing behind the bronchus (defined as retro-bronchial MAPCAs; rbMAPCAs). Vascular growth of rbMAPCAs, non-rbMAPCAs and the native pulmonary artery were assessed using the angiograms before and after repair.RESULTSThe angiogram before UF [age 42 (24–76) days, body weight 3.2 (2.7–4.2) kg] showed that the diameter of the original unilateral PA, rbMAPCA and non-rbMAPCA was 19.95 ± 6.65, 20.72 ± 5.36 and 20.29 ± 7.42 mm/m2, respectively (P = 0.917). UF was completed in a single-stage with the placement of modified Blalock–Taussig shunt through median sternotomy at the age of 1.6 (1.0–2.5) months. Angiograms performed 3.0 (1.0–10.0) years after UF completion demonstrated a smaller rbMAPCA diameter at peri-bronchial region (3.84 ± 2.84 mm/m2) compared to the native unilateral PAs (16.11 ± 5.46 mm/m2, P &lt; 0.0001) and non-rbMAPCA (10.13 ± 4.44 mm/m2, P = 0.0103).CONCLUSIONSRbMAPCAs tend to be stenosed at the point where they cross the bronchus and emerge in the middle mediastinum after in situ UF.
Length-scales and dynamics of Carina’s Western wall
Authors: Downes Turlough P , Hartigan Patrick , Isella Andrea 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a variety of analyses of the turbulent dynamics of the boundary of a photodissociation region (PDR) in the Carina Nebula using high resolution ALMA observations. Using principal component analysis, we suggest that the turbulence in this molecular cloud is driven at large scales. Analysis of the centroid velocity structure functions indicate that the turbulence is dominated by shocks rather than local (in k-space) transport of energy. We further find that length-scales in the range 0.02–0.03 pc are important in the dynamics of this cloud and this finding is supported by analysis of the dominant emission structure length-scale. These length-scales are well resolved by the observational data and we conclude that the apparent importance of this range of scales is physical in origin. Given that it is also well within the range strongly influenced by ambipolar diffusion, we conclude that it is not primarily a product of turbulence alone, but is more likely to be a result of the interplay between gravity and turbulence. Finally, through comparison of these results with previous observations of H2 emission from the Western Wall, we demonstrate that observations of a PDR can be used to probe the internal structure of the undisturbed portion of a molecular cloud.
Revisiting the mechanisms of mid-Tertiary uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wei Hong-Hong , Wu Guo-Li , Ding Lin , Fan Long-Gang , Li Lin , Meng Qing-Ren 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTContrasting views exist on timing and mechanisms of Tertiary crustal uplift in the NE Tibetan Plateau based on different approaches, with many models attributing surface uplift to crustal shortening. We carry out a comprehensive investigation of mid-Tertiary stratigraphy, sedimentology, and volcanism in the West Qinling, Hoh Xil and Qaidam basin, and the results challenge previous views. It was held that the discordance between Oligocene and Miocene strata is an angular unconformity in the West Qinling, but our field observations show that it is actually a disconformity, indicative of vertical crustal uplifting rather than crustal shortening at the Oligocene to Miocene transition. Widespread occurrence of synsedimentary normal faults in mid-Tertiary successions implicates supracrustal stretching. Miocene potassic–ultrapassic and mafic–ultramafic volcanics in the Hoh Xil and West Qinling suggest a crucial role of deep thermomechanical processes in generating crust- and mantle-sourced magmatism. Also noticeable are the continuity of mid-Tertiary successions and absence of volcanics in the Qaidam basin. Based on a holistic assessment of stratigraphic–sedimentary processes, volcanic petrogenesis, and spatial variations of lithospheric thicknesses, we speculate that small-sale mantle convection might have been operating beneath northeast Tibet in the mid-Tertiary. It is assumed that northward asthenospheric flow was impeded by thicker cratonic lithosphere of the Qaidam and Alxa blocks, thereby leading to edge convection. The edge-driven convection could bring about surface uplift, induce supracrustal stretching, and trigger vigorous volcanism in the Hoh Xil and West Qinling in the mid-Tertiary period. This mechanism satisfactorily explains many key geologic phenomena that are hardly reconciled by previous models.