bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bankable human iPSC-derived retinal progenitors represent a valuable source of multipotent cells
Authors: Gozlan Sandy , Batoumeni Vivien , Fournier Tara , Nanteau Céline , Potey Anais , Clémençon Marilou , Orieux Gaël , Sahel José-Alain , Goureau Olivier , Roger Jérôme E. , Reichman Sacha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRetinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are the source of all retinal cell types during retinogenesis. Until now, the isolation and expansion of RPCs has been at the expense of their multipotency. Here, we report simple methods and media for the generation, expansion, and cryopreservation of human induced pluripotent stem-cell derived-RPCs (hiRPCs). Thawed and passed hiRPCs maintained biochemical and transcriptional RPC phenotypes and their ability to differentiate into all retinal cell types. Specific conditions allowed the generation of large cultures of photoreceptor precursors enriched up to 90% within a few weeks and without a purification step. Combined RNA-seq analysis between hiRPCs and retinal organoids identified genes involved in developmental or degenerative retinal diseases. Thus, hiRPC lines could provide a valuable source of retinal cells for cell-based therapies or drug discovery and could be an advanced cellular tool to better understand retinal dystrophies.
Mediator 1 ablation induces enamel-to-hair lineage conversion in mice through enhancer dynamics
Authors: Thaler Roman , Yoshizaki Keigo , Nguyen Thai , Fukumoto Satoshi , Den Besten Pamela , Bikle Daniel D. , Oda Yuko 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPostnatal cell fate is postulated to be primarily determined by the local tissue microenvironment. Here, we find that Mediator 1 (Med1) dependent epigenetic mechanisms dictate tissue-specific lineage commitment and progression of dental epithelia. Deletion of Med1, a key component of the Mediator complex linking enhancer activities to gene transcription, provokes a tissue extrinsic lineage shift, causing hair generation in incisors. Med1 deficiency gives rise to unusual hair growth via primitive cellular aggregates. Mechanistically, we find that MED1 establishes super-enhancers that control enamel lineage transcription factors in dental stem cells and their progenies. However, Med1 deficiency reshapes the enhancer landscape and causes a switch from the dental transcriptional program towards hair and epidermis on incisors in vivo, and in dental epithelial stem cells in vitro. Med1 loss also provokes an increase in the number and size of enhancers. Interestingly, control dental epithelia already exhibit enhancers for hair and epidermal key transcription factors; these transform into super-enhancers upon Med1 loss suggesting that these epigenetic mechanisms cause the shift towards epidermal and hair lineages. Thus, we propose a role for Med1 in safeguarding lineage specific enhancers, highlight the central role of enhancer accessibility in lineage reprogramming and provide insights into ectodermal regeneration.
Amyloid modifier SERF1a interacts with polyQ-expanded huntingtin-exon 1 via helical interactions and exacerbates polyQ-induced toxicity
Authors: Tsai Tien-Ying , Chen Chun-Yu , Lin Tien-Wei , Lin Tien-Chang , Chiu Feng-Lan , Shih Orion , Chang Ming-Yun , Lin Yu-Chun , Su An-Chung , Chen Chiung-Mei , Jeng U-Ser , Kuo Hung-Chih , Chang Chi-Fon , Chen Yun-Ru 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAbnormal polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion and fibrillization occur in Huntington’s disease (HD). Amyloid modifier SERF enhances amyloid formation, but the underlying mechanism is not revealed. Here, the fibrillization and toxicity effect of SERF1a on Htt-exon1 are examined. SERF1a enhances the fibrillization of and interacts with mutant thioredoxin (Trx)-fused Httex1. NMR studies with Htt peptides show that TrxHttex1-39Q interacts with the helical regions in SERF1a and SERF1a preferentially interacts with the N-terminal 17 residues of Htt. Time-course analysis shows that SERF1a induces mutant TrxHttex1 to a single conformation enriched of β-sheet. Co-expression of SERF1a and Httex1-polyQ in neuroblastoma and lentiviral infection of SERF1a in HD-induced polypotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons demonstrates the detrimental effect of SERF1a in HD. Higher level of SERF1a transcript or protein is detected in HD iPSC, transgenic mice, and HD plasma. Overall, this study provides molecular mechanism for SERF1a and mutant Httex1 to facilitate therapeutic development for HD.
Active laminated-plate model for spontaneous bending of Hydra tissue fragments driven by supracellular actomyosin bundles
Authors: Su Jian , Wang Haiqin , Yan Zhongyu , Xu Xinpeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe outstanding regeneration ofHydra’s excised tissue fragments occurs via initial spontaneous bending to some quasi-stable shape in several minutes. However, the underlying mechanism and dynamics of such initial spontaneous bending are still debated. Here, we propose that the spontaneous bending is driven mechanically by supracellular actomyosin bundles inherited from parentHydra. Our active laminated-plate (ALP) model predicts that the equilibrium fragment shape is determined by anisotropy in contractility and elasticity. We construct a minimal dynamic ALP model including three dissipation mechanisms. By variational analysis and bead-spring simulations, we find that the bending process starts diffusively from the edges and relaxes exponentially to the equilibrium shape. The different dissipation mechanisms take place at distinct timescales: the viscous drag occurs in 0.001 seconds, while the interlayer frictional sliding and cellular dissipation take place in minutes. The ALP model could be adapted to study multi-layered viscoelastic tissues with nematic cytoskeletal structures and provides a useful framework for tissue morphogenesis and regeneration.
Southern Ocean pinnipeds provide bathymetric insights on the East Antarctic continental shelf
Authors: McMahon Clive R. , Hindell Mark A. , Charrassin Jean Benoit , Coleman Richard , Guinet Christophe. , Harcourt Robert , Labrousse Sara , Raymond Benjemin , Sumner Michael , Ribeiro Natalia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPoor coverage of the Antarctic continental shelf bathymetry impedes understanding the oceanographic processes affecting Antarctica’s role in global climate. Continental shelf bathymetry influences warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water movement onto the shelf, making it an important factor promoting ice shelf melting and influencing the flow of ice shelves into the ocean. Building on previous work using seal dives to redefine bathymetry, our longitudinal study of ocean physics and animal behaviour provided new depth information from over 500,000 individual seal dives on the East Antarctic continental shelf. About 25% of these seal dives were 220 m (sometimes over 1000 m) deeper than the interpolated seafloor from IBCSO V2. Focusing on four well-sampled regions, we show that the bathymetry of 22% to 60% of the sampled area was improved by incorporating seal dive data. This revealed new bathymetric features, including troughs off the Shackleton Ice Shelf and Underwood Glacier and a deep canyon near the Vanderford Glacier. This deep canyon, the Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon, was confirmed by a recent multi-beam echo sounder survey. Further acquisitions of seal data will improve our understanding and modelling of Antarctic coastal ocean processes and ice-sheet dynamics.
2.17 Catalytic Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) Type Reactions
Authors: Sang J. , Zhang G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) reaction has been established to be an efficient and reliable means for carbon–carbon bond formation that has been proven in the synthesis of many complex molecules. However, the use of an equivalent of a reductant and the strict requirements in terms of the conditions have limited its wide application. The current research direction is to develop more readily available carbon radical precursors and complementary activation mechanisms; for example, the use of light (photocatalysis) and electricity have found preliminary success in realizing the catalytic cycle of chromium.
The effect of antisite defects on the mechanical and dynamic stability of Nb3Al
Authors: Han Lei , Cao Zelin , Pan Min , Hu Kaige , Huang Zheng , Wang Jiaming , Zhao Yong , Deng Huiqiu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The A15-type conventional superconductor Nb3Al alloys has been considered as an ideal candidate for next generation high field magnets due to its higher superconducting properties and less sensitivity to stain than that of industrialized Nb3Sn superconductor. First-principles methods are employed to study the potential point defects, vacancy and antisite defects in deviating stoichiometric Nb3Al alloys and their effect on structure and mechanical properties. Our results show that antisite defects are easier to be produced than vacancy defects, and Nb

Al

antisite defects can keep the tetragonal structure of Nb3Al. Furthermore, the influence of antisite defects on dynamic stability of Nb3Al is investigated together with Nb

Al

defects. With the increase of Nb antisite defect content and the formation of orderly arrangement, we found the phonon spectrum yields no more soft phonon modes, which is in contradiction with the dynamical instability of stoichiometric Nb3Al with no defects. Our calculations indicate Nb antisite defects play a crucial role on the dynamic stability of Nb3Al compounds.
Examining the molecular origins of anomalously high H2O generation at oxide-passivated metal surfaces for plasma applications
Authors: Leung Kevin , Goeke Ronald S , Ilgen Anastasia G , Wilson Alexander , Cuneo Michael E , Bennett Nichelle 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms responsible for sub-microsecond desorption of water and other impurities from electrode surfaces at high heating rates is crucial for understanding pulsed-power behavior and optimizing its efficiency. Ionization of desorbed impurities in the vacuum regions may create parallel loads and current loss. Devising methods to limit desorption during the short time duration of pulsed-power will significantly improve the power output. This problem also presents an exciting challenge to and paradigm for molecular length-scale modeling and theories. Previous molecular modeling studies have strongly suggested that, under high vacuum conditions, the amount of water impurity adsorbed on oxide surfaces on metal electrodes is at a sub-monolayer level, which appears insufficient to explain the observed pulsed-power losses at high current densities. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we propose that hydrogen trapped inside iron metal can diffuse into iron (III) oxide on the metal surface in sub-microsecond time scales, explaining the extra desorbed inventory. These hydrogen atoms react with the oxide to form Fe(II) and desorbed H2O at elevated temperatures. Cr2O3 is found to react more slowly to form Cr(II). H2 evolution is also predicted to require higher activation energies, so H2 may be evolved at later times than H2O. A one-dimensional diffusion model, based on DFT results, is devised to estimate the water outgassing rate under different conditions. This model explains outgassing above 1 ML for surface temperatures of 1 eV often assumed in pulsed-power systems. Finally, we apply a suite of characterization techniques to demonstrate that when iron metal is heated to 650 ∘C, the dominant surface oxide component becomes α-Fe2O3. We propose such specially-prepared samples will lead to convergence between atomic modeling and measurements like temperature-programmed desorption.
Directly-digitized pulsed eddy current based quantification of aluminum sheet thickness
Authors: Ali Amir , Asif Ali , Tian Gui Yun , Aziz Farah , Ul Abdin Muhammad Zain 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Direct interfacing technique (DIT) eradicates additional circuit requirements for sensor-embedded system interface and digitization of analog signals. This technique provides advantages in designing an efficient, portable, and low-cost sensor system. Pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) systems are used for thickness and defect measurements of conductive materials. Circuitous sensor-interfacing methods and tedious data interpretation processes make PECT systems inapt for miniaturization and portable applications. In this work, DIT is used in conjunction with PECT for thickness estimation of conductive material. Change in the de-energizing time of a single coil probe with sample thickness, with respect to air, is used as a signal. The curve fitting method yields a maximum relative error of ≈2% in the thickness estimation. Effects of temperature and liftoff on system accuracy are also investigated. A liftoff compensation method using a 3-signal data group is proposed. It is shown that for thicknesses in the range of 0.508 mm–3.175 mm and liftoffs up to 3.000 mm (step size: 0.500 mm), the proposed scheme produces a maximum relative error of 5.2%. The DIT and PECT combination can be applied for different structural eddy current testing in the future.
Comprehensive Study of the Blazars from Fermi-LAT LCR: The Log-Normal Flux Distribution and Linear rms–Flux Relation
Authors: Wang Na , Yi Ting-Feng , Wang Liang , Mao Li-Sheng , Pu Zhi-Yuan , Ning Gong-Ming , Huang Wei-Tian , Lu He , Zhang Shun , Chen Yu-Tong , Dong Liang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fermi-LAT LCR provides continuous and regularly sampled gamma-ray light curves, spanning about 14 yr, for a large sample of blazars. The log-normal flux distribution and linear rms–flux relation of the light curves for a few Fermi blazars have been examined in previous studies. However, the probability that blazars exhibit the log-normal flux distribution and linear rms–flux relation in their gamma-ray light curves has not been systematically explored. In this study, we comprehensively research the distribution of γ-ray flux and the statistical characteristics on a large sample of 1414 variable blazars from the Fermi-LAT LCR catalog, including 572 FSRQs, 477 BL Lacs, and 365 BCUs, and statistically compare their flux distributions with normal and log-normal distributions. The results indicate that the probability of not rejecting log-normal is 42.05% for the large sample, and there is still a 2.05% probability of not rejecting normality, based on the joint of Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Shapiro–Wilk, and Normality tests. We further find that the probability that BL Lacs conform to the log-normal distribution is higher than that of FSRQs. Besides, after removing sources with less than 200 data points from this large sample, a sample of 549 blazars, which is still a large sample compared to the previous studies, was obtained. Based on dividing the light curves into segments every 20 points (or 40 points, or one year), we fitted the linear rms–flux relation of these three different sets and found that the Pearson correlation coefficients are all close to 1 for most blazars. This result indicates a strong linear correlation between the rms and the flux of these 549 blazars. The log-normal distribution and linear rms–flux relation indicate that the variability of the γ-ray flux for most blazars is a non-linear and multiplicative process.
Identifying Symbiotic Stars with Machine Learning
Authors: Jia Yongle , Guo Sufen , Zhu Chunhua , Li Lin , Ma Mei , Lü Guoliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Symbiotic stars are interacting binary systems, making them valuable for studying various astronomical phenomena, such as stellar evolution, mass transfer, and accretion processes. Despite recent progress in the discovery of symbiotic stars, a significant discrepancy between the observed population of symbiotic stars and the number predicted by theoretical models. To bridge this gap, this study utilized machine learning techniques to efficiently identify new symbiotic star candidates. Three algorithms (XGBoost, LightGBM, and Decision Tree) were applied to a data set of 198 confirmed symbiotic stars and the resulting model was then used to analyze data from the LAMOST survey, leading to the identification of 11,709 potential symbiotic star candidates. Out of these potential symbiotic star candidates listed in the catalog, 15 have spectra available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) survey. Among these 15 candidates, two candidates, namely V* V603 Ori and V* GN Tau, have been confirmed as symbiotic stars. The remaining 11 candidates have been classified as accreting-only symbiotic star candidates. The other two candidates, one of which has been identified as a galaxy by both SDSS and LAMOST surveys, and the other identified as a quasar by SDSS survey and as a galaxy by LAMOST survey.
The causal agent and the distribution of maize stalk rot disease in the Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan
Authors: Salamiah  , Fitriyanti D , Marsuni Y , Rosa H O , Pramudi M I 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Stalk rot disease, which can be caused by fungi and bacteria, is a common problem in maize cultivation. The infection of the disease started in 2019 in Tanah Laut Regency with an attack area of 4.7 hectares. The attack area increased to 27.5 hectares in 2020. This study aimed to identify the causal agent of maize stem rot disease in Tanah Laut Regency and how it spread throughout the regency. The study started with the identification of the pathogen in the field. The result showed that maize stalk rot disease in Tanah Laut Regency was caused by Pythium and Fusarium genera of fungi and Pantoea, Erwinia, Dickeya and Pectobacteria genera of bacteria. This disease spread to 10 out of 11 sub-districts in Tanah Laut Regency, with an attack intensity ranging from 1 to 22%.
Male inflorescences, natural enemies, and climate as biotic and abiotic factors on population Elaeidobius kamerunicus at three soil types
Authors: Lubis F I , Agustin I , Putra G I S , Mailisa I , Taufiq  , Rahmah S , Damayani C P , Rudiansyah  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pollination determines pollinating weevils in oil palm. Abiotic and biotic factors can influence population pollinator weevils. An experiment was carried out in PT. Sawit Sumbermas Sarana, Tbk. The object of research is to analyze the influence of male inflorescences, natural enemies, and climate on pollinating weevils population at clay, sandy, and peat soil types. The research method used a sampling design. Observation variables were conducted every two weeks for the availability of anthesis male inflorescences, natural enemies, and climate. Davis Vantage Pro 2 was used to measure the climate. The results showed the population of pollinator weevils was significant (p<0.05) influence on male inflorescence. The anthesis male inflorescence per ha increases as the population of pollinator weevil increases. Climate and natural enemies such as Rattus sp., Gasterachanta sp., Argiope sp., Sycanus sp., and Cosmolestes sp., have insignificant influences on pollinating weevils population. Male inflorescence was biotic factor as the source of food for pollinator weevils on clay, sandy, and peat soil types.
Review on socioeconomic and sustainability of oil palm plantations among rural communities in Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad M J , Ismail R , Ghani F A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Malaysian oil palm plantations contributed 2.7% of Malaysian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2020 and became the world’s second largest producer of palm oil after Indonesia. Unfortunately, the expansion of oil palm plantations has always been linked to deforestation, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil erosion. Despite the negative environmental repercussions, there is no denying that the rapid expansion of oil palm plantations has had beneficial social and economic impacts. Therefore, in this study, researchers aim to review recent studies on the socioeconomic impacts of oil palm plantations in Malaysia for the last decade (2012 – 2022). This study also identifies challenges faced by rural communities who are participated in oil palm cultivation. Since this is a conceptual paper, secondary sources, such as research articles, government reports, and published research works, are used in this study. We employed desktop study method to search the academic papers and reports from online databases. Most the papers agreed that land development for oil palm enhances socioeconomic levels, especially among rural communities by providing job opportunities, creating small businesses, reducing poverty, and improving their livelihoods. However, the involvement of farmers and planters in oil palm downstream activities and multiple crop cultivation remains low since small-scale farmers highly depend on selling fresh fruit bunches (FFB) to get their income. The drop in crude palm oil prices because of the international market has severely affected oil palm smallholders’ income. Most of previous research also believed sustainable oil palm plantation helps smallholders improve their socioeconomic conditions. The authorities may also make more efforts to promote sustainable plantations, especially among smallholders.
Effects of Black Soldier Fly oil and calcium soap supplementation on rumen fermentability of Garut Sheep
Authors: Ningsih R H C , Ramadani A D , Raynissa D J , Diapari D , Fassah D M , Astuti D A , Sudarman A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fat is a source of energy for livestock, with low heat metabolic, but dietary fat had negative impact for rumen fermentation. Calcium soap can protect fat for ruminant. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of rumen fermentation in Garut sheep fed with suplements of BSF (Hermetia illucens) oil and BSF Calcium soap. This research used fifteen male Garut sheep with an average body weight of 29.90 ± 3.71 kg. This research used randomized block design consisting of three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were diet without supplementation BSF oil or Calcium soap (P1), diet with BSF oil suplementation 4% (P2) and diet with BSF Calcium soap suplementation 4% (P3). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further test with Duncan test. The analysis showed that the rumen pH value, ammonia concentration, and protozoa population in the rumen were not affected by the treatments. Concentration of VFA and population of rumen bacteria were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments. The total VFA concentration of P3 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than P1 and P2. Rumen bacteria population of P3 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than P1 and or P2. It can be concluded that supplementation of BSF Calcium soap improve rumen fermentation indicated by higher VFA concentration and bacteria population in the rumen.