bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probiotics Combined With Trimebutine for the Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yu Qiu‐Xiang , Wang Dong‐Dong , Dong Peng‐Ju , Zheng Li‐Hua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics combined with trimebutine in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), addressing an important gap in current treatment strategies.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) of trimebutine combined with probiotics for the treatment of IBS were collected from various databases. All retrieved articles were screened and assessed for quality. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed following the guidelines recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. The meta‐analysis of the included studies was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 37 RCTs involving 4360 participants were included in this study. Among them, the treatment group consisted of 2177 participants, and the control group consisted of 2183 participants. The results showed that the overall efficacy of trimebutine combined with probiotics in the treatment of IBS was significantly higher than that of trimebutine alone (odds ratio [OR] = 5.09, 95 % confidence interval [CI] [4.19, 6.20], p < 0.00001). The effective rate in the combination therapy group was 93.5 % compared with 73.8 % in the trimebutine alone group. The safety profile was favorable, with adverse event rates of 1.75 % and 1.69 % in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively. The most common adverse events were mild and included dry mouth, nausea and dizziness. No serious adverse events were reported in either group. Subgroup analysis based on the type of probiotic intervention showed that combination use was better than trimebutine alone, and the differences between each subgroup were statistically significant. Combination use of compound Lactobacillus capsules had the best effect (OR = 16.03, 95 % CI [4.57, 56.21], p < 0.0001]. These results highlight the potential role of strain‐specific benefits in IBS treatment and suggest that probiotic strain selection may significantly influence treatment outcomes.ConclusionsThe combination of trimebutine and probiotics is more effective in the treatment of IBS compared with trimebutine alone.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42024516044.
Engineering carbon assimilation in plants
Authors: Qin Kezhen , Ye Xingyan , Luo Shanshan , Fernie Alisdair R. , Zhang Youjun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCarbon assimilation is a crucial part of the photosynthetic process, wherein inorganic carbon, typically in the form of CO2, is converted into organic compounds by living organisms, including plants, algae, and a subset of bacteria. Although several carbon fixation pathways have been elucidated, the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle remains fundamental to carbon metabolism, playing a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of starch and sucrose in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. However, Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), the key carboxylase enzyme of the CBB cycle, exhibits low kinetic efficiency, low substrate specificity, and high temperature sensitivity, all of which have the potential to limit flux through this pathway. Consequently, RuBisCO needs to be present at very high concentrations, which is one of the factors contributing to its status as the most prevalent protein on Earth. Numerous attempts have been made to optimize the catalytic efficiency of RuBisCO and thereby promote plant growth. Furthermore, the limitations of this process highlight the potential benefits of engineering or discovering more efficient carbon fixation mechanisms, either by improving RuBisCO itself or by introducing alternative pathways. Here, we review advances in artificial carbon assimilation engineering, including the integration of synthetic biology, genetic engineering, metabolic pathway optimization, and artificial intelligence in order to create plants capable of performing more efficient photosynthesis. We additionally provide a perspective of current challenges and potential solutions alongside a personal opinion of the most promising future directions of this emerging field.
Working at Boimondau: A Community Experience
Authors: Lallement Michel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn the 1940s and 1950s, France witnessed the emergence of labor communities whose ambition was to escape capitalism and abolish wage labor. This article focuses on Boimondau, the best‐known community at the time. In terms of work, the central activity in the life of the community, two main tensions lastingly structured the collective and caused it to evolve to the point of eroding the original project. The first concerns the relationship between the goal of attractive and cheerful work and an active practice of Taylorian‐inspired work rationalization. The second involves an opposition between the promise of freedom and democracy through work, and the administration of social justice through recognition of the value of everyone’s work.
How Accurately Does Bone Mineral Density Predict Bone Strength? A Clinical Observational Study of Osteoporosis Vertebral Compression Fractures in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Mu Xuemeng , Zhang Hengyan , Zhang Jia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesDual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides incomplete information about bone strength. There are few data on the relationship between osteoporosis‐related examinations and bone strength. The objective of the present study was to determine which osteoporosis‐related examinations best predicted trabecular bone strength, and to enhance a formula for predicting bone strength on the basis of bone density examination.MethodsThis observational study included postmenopausal women (aged over 50 years) who underwent unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) surgery in the lumbar spine between September 2021 and June 2023. The pressure within each balloon expansion circle was extracted to reflect the true bone strength. The NHANES 2013–2014 data were used to assess the performance of the formula. The performance of the formula was compared with that of the observed actual fractures. Bland–Altman analysis was used to compare the agreement between the formula and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) score.ResultsA total of 40 postmenopausal women (mean age ± standard deviation, 70.90 years ± 10.30) were enrolled. The average balloon pressure was 59.23 psi (± 12.40, means ± SDs). The mean BMD of total lumbar spine (average of L1–L4) was 0.89 g/cm2 ± 0.20 (mean ± standard), and the Pearson correlation coefficient between lumbar BMD and bone strength was 0.516. After adjusting for age and BMI, the DXA response rate to bone strength reached 72%. Calibration plots of the observed actual fractures versus those estimated via the bone strength formula were considered good fits. The Bland–Altman analysis revealed a nonsignificant difference between the formula and the FRAX score in predicting fracture risk.ConclusionsAfter adjustment, the DXA response rate to bone strength reached 72%, indicating a strong correlation. In addition, Bone Strength = DXA × 27 − Age × 0.585‐BMI × 0.887 + 98.
Comprehensive evaluation of physio‐morphological traits of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) varieties under salt stress
Authors: Feng Yuxi , Chen Zhao , Chen Luyun , Han Mengli , Liu Jiayi , Liu Yichun , Chai Rundong , Wang Jiamin , Sun Shengnan , Fan Jibiao , Yan Xuebing , Guo Yuxia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSalt is a major abiotic factor significantly affecting plant growth and development. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a crucial perennial crop for livestock feed, shows significant differences in salt tolerance among different varieties. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the salt tolerance of 30 varieties of alfalfa under salt stress (0, 150, and 300 mmol L−1 NaCl). It showed that shoot height (SH), root length (RL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), and root fresh weight (RFW) were decreased by 37.68%, 35.83%, 43.79% and 48.86%, respectively, under high salt stress. Photosynthesis‐related parameters, including chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll (TChl), and carotenoids (Car) contents of all varieties were decreased by 50.13%, 43.73%, 48.17% and 60.86%, respectively, and minimum inhibition of photosynthetic pigment contents was observed in the variety Salsa. The changes of antioxidant enzymes in different alfalfa varieties were also found under salt stress. For example, the APX of Sardi 7 decreased by 641.84%, while the APX of Phabulous decreased by 88.33% compared to the non‐treated controls. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified five major variables: Car, TChl, APX, Chl a, and POD. Finally, each variety's comprehensive tolerance membership function values were calculated by the membership function method, and the 30 varieties were classified into four categories by cluster analysis. Our findings indicate that Sardi 7, Salsa, Gannong No.8, Daye, and Instinct are alfalfa salt‐tolerant varieties. Our study provided baseline information on the response of alfalfa varieties to different salinity levels, which will help select or breed salt‐tolerant varieties.
Assessing the Impact of ICT on Export Performance: A Comparative Analysis of ASEAN‐5 and Partner Countries
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Tuyen , Choi Chang Hwan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe study examines the effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on foreign trade in goods and services between ASEAN‐5 (Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia) and their trading partners. This research employs the System‐GMM estimation method to investigate the impacts of the ICT. The analysis is conducted using a panel dataset comprising of 5 exporting countries and 20 trading partner countries over the period of 2010–2023. ICT plays a crucial role in influencing the export performance of ASEAN‐5 countries overall, goods and services. First, various ICT variables have an impact on export. The fixed broadband subscriptions of ASEAN‐5 countries had a stronger positive effect on goods export compared to total export and services export. Moreover, the internet secure servers of importing countries only had a significantly influence on services export. Similarly, mobile cellular subscriptions of ASEAN‐5 countries showed a positive relationship with services export. Furthermore, mobile cellular subscriptions of trading partners had a more positive effect on total export and goods export than services export. Second, mobile cellular subscriptions and fixed broadband subscriptions had a stronger influence on export than internet secure servers. Finally, the individual regression estimation for each ASEAN‐5 member revealed that three ICT factors contributed to the increase in export volume in total, goods, and services between ASEAN‐5 countries and their trading partners. While ICT indicators had a stronger influence on export in Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia, they also had a significant and positive impact on export in Thailand and Vietnam. The research objective is to assess the impact of ICT application on ASEAN‐5 trade by measuring the influence of the ICT index on trade flows in goods and services. First, it analyses the differential impacts of ICT on total export, goods exports, and services exports of ASEAN‐5 to their trading partner countries. Second, it compares the differences in effects of total export, goods exports, and services exports between five ASEAN member countries. Finally, the study has important implications for the governments of Southeast Asian countries in proposing ICT development policies, contributing to international trade development and economic growth.
Rational design of low fatigue phase-transforming Cu-based alloys
Authors: Karami Mostafa , Chen Xian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we introduce a novel material descriptor and corresponding mechanical criteria to guide the development of low-fatigue shape memory alloys. Our approach synergistically combines compatibility theories, crystallographic algorithms, and micromechanical experiments to optimize materials through a two- parameter compositional tuning strategy. We demonstrate this method on a series of CuAlx1Mnx2 alloys, where the atomic composition vector x = (x1, x2) ∈ [0.17, 0.22] × [0.09, 0.11]. By employing a scalar-valued function to index the functional fatigue property based on cofactor conditions, we analyze the continuity and extremes with respect to compositional variables. Through just three iterative development steps, we identify the composition CuAl20.2Mn11.3, achieving a reduction in thermal hysteresis by a factor of 2 and enhancing mechanical reversibility up to 1000 cycles. This result underscores the potential of mathematical methods in designing complex materials with desirable mechanical properties. Our findings not only provide a theoretical framework for the design of shape memory alloys but also highlight the importance of integrating theoretical and experimental techniques to achieve optimal material properties.
Effusive volcanic microcosm of a regional ignimbrite flare-up: Prolonged life cycle of the Chaxas Complex, northern Chile, and its influence on modern volcanic arc character
Authors: Lewis Charles , de Silva Shanaka , Cisneros de Leon Alejandro , Burns Dale , Villarroel Mattias 
Published: January 2025

Volcanological and temporal development of the Chaxas Complex on the western edge of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex of northern Chile is reported here in full for the first time. The Chaxas Complex is a collection of spatially and chronologically related lava domes and associated volcaniclastic deposits that was thought to be constructed between 8.35 Ma and 1.09 Ma, spanning almost the entire duration of the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex flare-up. Prior studies also suggested that the 4.18 ± 0.03 Ma Puripicar ignimbrite was discharged from a vent near the Chaxas Complex. However, development of the Chaxas Complex has not been detailed until now.
Redefined stratigraphy and volcanic history indicate a younger and shorter history for the Chaxas Complex than previously thought. The oldest unit described is the 5.44 ± 0.01 Ma Agua Perdida Rhyolite, which immediately underlies the 4.18 ± 0.03 Ma Puripicar ignimbrite that was sourced from buried vents to the north of the Chaxas Complex. Puripicar is in turn overlain by the 3.73 ± 0.02 Ma Embaucador Rhyolite. Following eruption of the Embaucador, the Chaxas Complex produced effusive domes, a sequence of local ignimbrites, block-and-ash flows, debris avalanches, and lahars between 3.54 ± 0.33 Ma and 1.242 ± 0.049 Ma. The 0.98 ± 0.03 Ma Purico ignimbrite caps the Chaxas sequence in the southeast.
Stacked on top of the Chaxas Complex and the buried Puripicar source vent to the west and north is a thick (up to 1 km) pile of dacitic (62%−66% SiO2) coulées and lava flows (the arc platform lavas) that form a basal platform to the 23-km-long Sairecabur-Escalante-Colorados-Putana arc volcano cluster, which define an unusually spatially dense zone of composite edifices. Based on mineralogy and geochemistry of the arc platform lavas, they are identified as a transitional sequence between the end of the Chaxas Complex and the development of the modern arc. U-Pb zircon ages of the arc platform lavas are as young as 0.07 ± 0.01 Ma but also carry zircon crystal cargo that chronologically overlaps with those in eruptions of the Chaxas Complex, connoting that intrusions of the Puripicar-Chaxas magmatic system are being sampled by younger arc magmas. The anomalously dense spatial density of this volcano cluster may reflect the filtering effect of a now solidified intrusive complex that birthed the Puripicar supereruption. Crustal priming by large silicic systems followed by focused “steady-state” arc activity is posited as a primary mechanism to overprint characteristic volcano spacing in the Central Volcanic Zone.
Balancing precision and affordability in assessing infant development in large-scale mortality trials: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Robledo Kristy P , Rieger Ingrid , Finlayson Sarah , Tarnow-Mordi William , Martin Andrew J 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveLarge-scale mortality trials require reliable secondary assessments of impairment. We compared the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), a screening tool self-administered by parents, in classifying impairment using the ‘gold standard’ Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley-III), a diagnostic tool administered by trained assessors.DesignAnalysis of 405 children around 2 years corrected age from the Australian Placental Transfusion Study, a trial conducted over 8 years.SettingSecondary analysis of international, open-label, multicentre randomised trial.PatientsChildren born <30 weeks gestation.InterventionsImmediate (<10 s) versus delayed (60 s+) cord clamping.Main outcomesASQ-3 and Bayley-III assessments around 2 years corrected age. Impairment (or developmental delay) was defined as <2 SD below the mean (<70) for Bayley-III domains.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating curve for ASQ-3 domains predicting delay was 0.75–0.99. Sensitivity for predicting delay was 57%–100%, while specificity was 88%–90%.We modelled the cost and sample size using a less expensive, though less precise, screening assessment for impairment compared with a more costly diagnostic assessment. For detecting a 25% reduction in the relative risk of delay, using ASQ-3 rather than Bayley-III could require double the sample size (15 000 to 30 000), but outcome assessment cost savings would be US$13M (EUR$12M). However, assessment cost savings may be outweighed by upscaling.ConclusionsWhen measuring developmental outcomes in a large-scale clinical trial, using a more precise diagnostic tool may be financially prohibitive, so increasing the sample size and using a less precise but appropriately calibrated tool may be more affordable.Trial registration numberACTRN12610000633088.
‘They’re creepy creatures with human-like features’: children’s experiences of visual hallucinations in Charles Bonnet syndrome—a qualitative study
Authors: Jones Lee , Ditzel-Finn Lara , McDonald Leanne , Moosajee Mariya 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveCharles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) refers to the presence of visual hallucinations occurring secondary to visual impairment. The aim of this study was to understand the phenomenology of CBS in children and assess the emotional impact and support needs of patients and their families.DesignSemistructured qualitative interview study.SettingUK.ParticipantsChildren (7–15 years) with an inherited retinal disease living with CBS and their parents.Results10 participants were recruited from six families (dyadic interviews n=4; parent-only interviews n=2). Thematic analysis identified five superordinate themes relating to experiences of CBS: (1) diagnosis journey, (2) hallucination phenomenology, (3) impact of hallucinations, (4) understanding and managing hallucinations and (5) experiences of support. The impact of CBS was broad and heterogenous, causing significant disruption to patients’ daily life. Limited awareness led to parents expressing largely negative healthcare experiences. Overall, the extent of knowledge and understanding of CBS was an indicator of successful self-management of the condition.ConclusionsThe journey towards understanding and managing CBS for both parents and children is challenging. Although coping strategies can lead to improved adjustment, visual hallucinations compounded the difficulty of living with a chronic visual impairment. Healthcare providers have an integral role in ensuring patients and families are effectively supported to allay fears and promote psychological well-being.
Impact of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage on Human Glymphatic Function: A Time-Evolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Eide Per Kristian , Undseth Ragnhild Marie , Pripp Are , Lashkarivand Aslan , Nedregaard Bård , Sletteberg Ruth , Rønning Pål Andre , Sorteberg Angelika G. , Ringstad Geir , Valnes Lars Magnus 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. The impact of SAH on human glymphatic function remains unknown.

METHODS:
This prospective, controlled study investigated whether human glymphatic function is altered after SAH, how it differs over time, and possible underlying mechanisms. Glymphatic enrichment was examined by intrathecal contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, glymphatic MRI), utilizing the MRI contrast agent gadobutrol (Gadovist, Bayer AG, GE; 0.50 mmol) as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracer. The distribution of the tracer in the brain and the subarachnoid and ventricular CSF spaces was assessed using standardized multi-phase MRI T1 sequences, and between-group differences in percentage change of standardized T1 signal unit ratios over time were analyzed by linear mixed models.

RESULTS:
The study comprised 27 patients with SAH (19 female/8 male; 59.3±10.2 years) who were examined <3 months (n=5), 3 to 6 months (n=10), 6 to 12 months (n=5), or >12 months (n=7) after bleed. A sex- and age-matched control group of 22 individuals (15 female/7 male; 55.5±10.5 years) underwent the same glymphatic MRI protocol but had no neurological or CSF disease. The patients with SAH showed a marked impairment of glymphatic enrichment throughout the brain (particularly addressing the cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter), especially after 24 hours. The glymphatic impairment was accompanied by redistribution of CSF tracer from subarachnoid spaces toward ventricles. These alterations were most pronounced after 3 to 6 months and less after 12 months, though with interindividual variation. CSF tracer transport within perivascular subarachnoid spaces was impaired and coincided with impaired glymphatic enrichment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Human glymphatic function is severely impaired by SAH, particularly shortly after the event. Glymphatic failure is associated with redistribution of CSF from subarachnoid spaces toward ventricles. SAH-related impairment of fluid transport within perivascular subarachnoid spaces may contribute to reduced glymphatic influx. Since patient groups are small, care should be made when concluding about the impact of time on glymphatic function.