bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental DNA and visual encounter surveys for amphibian biomonitoring in aquatic environments of the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Quilumbaquin Walter , Carrera-Gonzalez Andrea , Van der heyden Christine , Ortega-Andrade H. Mauricio 
Published: July 2023

Background
The development of anthropogenic activities has generated a decline in aquatic fauna populations, and amphibians have been the most affected. The decline of batrachofauna is concerning, as 41% of all species worldwide are endangered. For this reason, rapid, efficient, and non-invasive biodiversity monitoring techniques are needed, and environmental DNA (eDNA) is one such tool that has been sparsely applied in Ecuador. This technique has allowed scientists generates information on species diversity and amphibian community composition from a water sample. This study applied eDNA-based biomonitoring analyses and visual encounter surveys (VES) as inventory techniques to identify the diversity of aquatic amphibians in the Tena River micro-basin (TRMB).

Methods
The experimental design was divided into three components: (1) fieldwork: all amphibians were recorded by the VES technique and water samples were collected; (2) laboratory work: DNA isolation from amphibian tissue samples and eDNA-containing filters, amplification, electrophoresis, and sequencing were performed; (3) Data analysis: a local DNA reference database was constructed, and eDNA sequence data were processed for classification, taxonomic assignment, and ecological interpretation.

Results
Using both eDNA and VES, we detected 33 amphibian species (13 with eDNA only, five with VES only, and 15 with both methods). These species belonged to six amphibian families: Hylidae being the richest with 14 species (three eDNA, one VES, and 10 with both methods), followed by Strabomantidae with nine species (six eDNA, one VES, and two with both methods). All families were detected with both methods, except for the Aromobatidae, having one single record (Allobates aff. insperatus) by VES. Individually, eDNA detected 28 species and had a detection probability (DP) of 0.42 CI [0.40–0.45], while VES recorded 20 species with a DP of 0.17 CI [0.14–0.20]. Similarly, using VES, Cochranella resplendens was detected for the first time in TRMB, while with eDNA, four mountain frogs Pristimantis acerus, Pristimantis eriphus, Pristimantis mallii, and Pristimantis sp. (INABIO 15591) previously recorded at 1,518 m.a.s.l. at altitudes below 600 m.a.s.l. were detected.

Conclusions
Results obtained in this study showed that eDNA-based detection had a greater capacity to detect amphibians in aquatic environments compared to VES. The combination of VES and eDNA improves the sensitivity of species detection and provides more reliable, robust, and detailed information. The latter is essential for developing conservation strategies in the Ecuadorian Amazon.
Nutritional values of wild edible freshwater macrophytes
Authors: Zakaria Muta Harah , Ramaiya Shiamala Devi , Bidin Nordiah , Syed Nurul Nur Farahin , Bujang Japar Sidik 
Published: July 2023

Background
The social acceptability of wild freshwater macrophytes as locally consumed vegetables is widespread. Freshwater macrophytes have several uses; for example, they can be used as food for humans. This study determined the proximate composition and mineral content of three freshwater macrophyte species, i.e., Eichhornia crassipes, Limnocharis flava, and Neptunia oleracea.

Methods
Young shoots of E. crassipes, L. flava, and N. oleracea were collected from shallow channels of Puchong (3°00′11.89″N, 101°42′43.12″E), Ladang 10, Universiti Putra Malaysia (2°58′44.41″N, 101°42′44.45″E), and Kampung Alur Selibong, Langgar (06°5′50.9″N, 100°26′49.8″E), Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. The nutritional values of these macrophytes were analysed by using a standard protocol from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Eight replicates of E. crassipes and L. flava and four replicates of N. oleracea were used for the subsequent analyses.

Results
In the proximate analysis, N. oleracea possessed the highest percentage of crude protein (29.61%) and energy content (4,269.65 cal g−1), whereas L. flava had the highest percentage of crude fat (5.75%) and ash (18.31%). The proximate composition trend for each species was different; specifically, all of the species possessed more carbohydrates and fewer crude lipids. All of the species demonstrated a similar mineral trend, with high nitrogen and potassium and lower copper contents. Nitrogen and potassium levels ranged from 12,380–40,380 mg kg−1 and from 11,212-33,276 mg kg−1, respectively, and copper levels ranged from 16–27 mg kg−1. The results showed that all three plant species, i.e., E. crassipes, N. oleracea, and L. flava are plant-based sources of macro- and micronutrient beneficial supplements for human consumption.
The Relationship between the Level of Knowledge of Quality and Price of Biodegradable Tote Bags from Seaweed Carrageenan Eucheuma Cottoni against Purchasing Decisions Case Studies in Cibinong District, Bogor Regency and Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regen
Authors: Bentali Abiomi Ciptoning , Maulina Ine , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Nurhayati Atikah 
Published: July 2023

This study aims to see the relationship between the level of knowledge, product quality, and price of biodegradable tote bag products from seaweed carrageenan (Eucheuma cottoni) on purchasing decisions so that product improvements and modifications can be made. The research was conducted in Cibinong District, Bogor Regency as a general segmentation, and in Jatinangor District, Sumedang Regency as a student segmentation. This study used quantitative descriptive method with spearman rank correlation test. Samples were taken using purposive sampling techniques as many as 80 respondents. Based on the results of research on the consumer characteristics of biodegradable tote bags, which are dominated by women with an age range of 21-25 years, types of student work with income levels > IDR 1,000,000, have used tote bags with intensity of use every month and from fabric. The results of the spearman rank correlation test were obtained for the level of knowledge, product quality, and product price, namely 0.538, 0.474, and 0.505. Product quality and product price have a strong relationship with the purchase decision of biodegradable tote bags from seaweed carrageenan (Eucheuma cottoni). Meanwhile, the level of knowledge has a strong relationship to the decision to purchase biodegradable tote bags from seaweed carrageenan (Eucheuma cottoni).
Correlation, Path Analysis and Genetic Divergence of Various Agro-morphological Traits and Traits Suitable for Mechanical Harvesting of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Germplasm
Authors: Reddy R. V. Charitha , Khan Rumana , Singh Anshuman , Chaturvedi S. K. 
Published: July 2023

Five hundred and forty germplasm lines of chickpea were evaluated along with five checks (RLBGK-1, BG 3062, RVG 204, Phule Vikram, NBeG 47) in augmented design during rabi, 2021–2022 at Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India to study the agro-morphological features and traits appropriate for mechanical harvesting. Correlation, path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence were estimated to find out the extent of association and genetic divergence among chickpea germplasm. Plant height, growth habit, the height of the initial podding node, and the angle of the primary branch are characteristics that have been researched to identify lines that are suited for mechanical harvesting. Peduncle length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, chlorophyll fluorescence showed positive correlation with seed yield per plant. Plant height and height of first podding node were showing positive high indirect effects through number of secondary branches on seed yield per plant. Cluster 1 was the largest with 399 germplasm while two clusters number 24 and 37 were smallest with 1 genotype each. Plant height and height of first podding node were exhibiting maximum mean in cluster 32, whereas seed yield per plant was having maximum mean in cluster 14. According to percent contribution of different characters to total divergence obtained, the most significant contributors to the divergence were number of pods per plant and plant height. Correlation analysis indicated that traits suitable for mechanical harvesting are not directly correlated with seed yield, while path coefficient analysis indicated that they have indirect effects on seed yield through number of primary and secondary branches per plant.
Effect of Seaweed Extracts on Crop Growth and Soil: A Review
Authors: Margal Prasad B. , Thakare Ritu S. , Kamble Bhimrao M. , Patil Vijay S. , Patil Kranti B. , Titirmare Nihal S. 
Published: July 2023

Seaweed is the common name for countless species of marine plants and algae that grow in the ocean. The seaweed cultivated by bamboo raft, tube mesh and stone method and harvested generally by acid, alkali and water extraction. However, the mostly commercially available in market, which is extracted by processing of bio refinery method. These seaweeds consist of 80-90% moisture. The dry seaweed extracts contains 50% carbohydrates, protein 10-47% with high proportions of essential amino acids, 1-3% lipids and 7-38% minerals. The essential nutrients contain in seaweeds are nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, sodium, zinc, and copper. Seaweed extracts are available in market viz, Sagarika, Kelp, Sea Secret, Sivarika, Solumax, Biovita etc. The soil application of liquid seaweed extracts through drip @ 0.5-1 L-1 water and foliar @ 2-5 ml L‑1 of water at various critical growth stages of different crops. The application granules of seaweed were recommended @10-20 kg acre-1 during sowing or standing crops. The application of seaweed extracts either through drip or direct application to soil at lower concentrations were positively impact on germination, shoot growth, root growth, nutrient use efficiency, soil properties, soil microbes, biotic stress, abiotic stress and crop yields.
Cytisinicline for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Rigotti Nancy A. , Benowitz Neal L. , Prochaska Judith , Leischow Scott , Nides Mitchell , Blumenstein Brent , Clarke Anthony , Cain Daniel , Jacobs Cindy 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceCytisinicline (cytisine) is a plant-based alkaloid that, like varenicline, binds selectively to α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which mediate nicotine dependence. Although not licensed in the US, cytisinicline is used in some European countries to aid smoking cessation, but its traditional dosing regimen and treatment duration may not be optimal.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of cytisinicline for smoking cessation when administered in a novel pharmacokinetically based dosing regimen for 6 or 12 weeks vs placebo.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA 3-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (ORCA-2) compared 2 durations of cytisinicline treatment (6 or 12 weeks) vs placebo, with follow-up to 24 weeks, among 810 adults who smoked cigarettes daily and wanted to quit. It was conducted at 17 US sites from October 2020 to December 2021.InterventionsParticipants were randomized (1:1:1) to cytisinicline, 3 mg, 3 times daily for 12 weeks (n = 270); cytisinicline, 3 mg, 3 times daily for 6 weeks then placebo 3 times daily for 6 weeks (n = 269); or placebo 3 times daily for 12 weeks (n = 271). All participants received behavioral support.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBiochemically verified continuous smoking abstinence for the last 4 weeks of cytisinicline treatment vs placebo (primary) and from end of treatment to 24 weeks (secondary).ResultsOf 810 randomized participants (mean age, 52.5 years; 54.6% female; mean of 19.4 cigarettes smoked daily), 618 (76.3%) completed the trial. For the 6-week course of cytisinicline vs placebo, continuous abstinence rates were 25.3% vs 4.4% during weeks 3 to 6 (odds ratio [OR], 8.0 [95% CI, 3.9-16.3]; P &amp;lt; .001) and 8.9% vs 2.6% during weeks 3 to 24 (OR, 3.7 [95% CI, 1.5-10.2]; P = .002). For the 12-week course of cytisinicline vs placebo, continuous abstinence rates were 32.6% vs 7.0% for weeks 9 to 12 (OR, 6.3 [95% CI, 3.7-11.6]; P &amp;lt; .001) and 21.1% vs 4.8% during weeks 9 to 24 (OR, 5.3 [95% CI, 2.8-11.1]; P &amp;lt; .001). Nausea, abnormal dreams, and insomnia occurred in less than 10% of each group. Sixteen participants (2.9%) discontinued cytisinicline due to an adverse event. No drug-related serious adverse events occurred.Conclusions and RelevanceBoth 6- and 12-week cytisinicline schedules, with behavioral support, demonstrated smoking cessation efficacy and excellent tolerability, offering new nicotine dependence treatment options.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04576949
Patterns of US Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Villas-Boas Sofia , Kaplan Scott , White Justin S. , Hsia Renee Y. 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceNumerous studies have shown that the prevalence of mental health (MH) conditions worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed on this phenomenon over a longer time horizon that considers the increasing trend in MH conditions before the pandemic, after the pandemic onset, and after vaccine availability in 2021.ObjectiveTo track how patients sought help in emergency departments (EDs) for non-MH and MH conditions during the pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used administrative data on weekly ED visits and a subset of visits for MH from the National Syndromic Surveillance Program from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Data were reported from the 10 US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) regions (Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Kansas City, Denver, San Francisco, and Seattle) for five 11-week periods. Data analysis was performed in April 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWeekly trends in total ED visits, mean MH-related ED visits, and proportion of ED visits for MH conditions were investigated to determine changes in each measure after the pandemic onset. Prepandemic baseline levels were established from 2019 data, and time trends of these patterns were examined in the corresponding weeks of 2020 and 2021. A fixed-effects estimation approach with weekly ED region data by year was used.ResultsThere were 1570 total observations in this study (52 weeks in 2019, 53 weeks in 2020, and 52 weeks in 2021). Statistically significant changes in non-MH and MH-related ED visits were observed across the 10 HHS regions. The mean total number of ED visits decreased by 45 117 (95% CI, −67 499 to −22 735) visits per region per week (39% decrease; P = .003) in the weeks after the pandemic onset compared with corresponding weeks in 2019. The mean number of ED visits for MH conditions (−1938 [95% CI, −2889 to −987]; P = .003) decreased significantly less (23% decrease) than the mean number of total visits after the onset of the pandemic, increasing the mean (SD) proportion of MH-related ED visits from 8% (1%) in 2019 to 9% (2%) in 2020. In 2021, the mean (SD) proportion decreased to 7% (2%), and the mean number of total ED visits rebounded more than that of mean MH-related ED visits.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, MH-related ED visits demonstrated less elasticity than non-MH visits during the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of addressing the provision of adequate MH services, both in acute and outpatient settings.
A Dilute Fluorinated Phosphate Electrolyte Enables 4.9 V‐Class Potassium Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Gao Yueteng , Li Wei , Ou Boning , Zhang Shuhua , Wang Huwei , Hu Junyang , Kang Feiyu , Zhai Dengyun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPotassium ion batteries using graphite anode and high‐voltage cathodes are considered to be optimizing candidates for large‐scale energy storage. However, the lack of suitable electrolytes significantly hinders the development of high‐voltage potassium ion batteries. Herein, a dilute (0.8 m) fluorinated phosphate electrolyte is proposed, which exhibits extraordinary compatibility with both graphite anode and high‐voltage cathodes. The phosphate solvent, tris(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) phosphate (TFP), has weak solvating ability, which not only allows the formation of robust anion‐derived solid electrolyte interphase on graphite anode but also effectively suppresses the corrosion of Al current collector at high voltage. Meanwhile, the high oxidative stability of fluorinated TFP solvent enables stable ultrahigh‐voltage (4.95 V) cycling of a potassium vanadium fluorophosphate (KVPO4F) cathode. Using TFP‐based electrolyte, the 4.9 V‐class potassium ion full cell based on graphite anode and KVPO4F cathode shows rather remarkable cycling performance with a high capacity retention of 87.2% after 200 cycles. This study provides a route to develop dilute electrolytes for high‐voltage potassium ion batteries, by utilizing solvents with both weak solvating ability and high oxidative stability.
Pathogen‐Targeting Bimetallic Nanozymes as Ultrasonic‐Augmented ROS Generator against Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Infection
Authors: Yao Hong , Zhou Ruixue , Wang Jiaming , Wei Yongbin , Li Shihong , Zhang Zhenzhong , Du Xiang‐Dang , Wu Sixuan , Shi Jinjin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClinical treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens‐induced infection is emerging as a growing challenge in global public health due to the limited selection of clinically available antibiotics. Nanozymes as artificial enzymes that mimicked natural enzyme‐like activities, are received great attention for combating MDR pathogens. However, the relatively deficient catalytic activity in the infectious microenvironment and inability to precisely targeting pathogen restrains their clinical anti‐MDR applications. Here, pathogen‐targeting bimetallic BiPt nanozymes for nanocatalytic therapy against MDR pathogen are reported. Benefiting from electronic coordination effect, BiPt nanozymes exhibit dual‐enzymatic activities, including peroxidase‐mimic and oxidase‐mimic activities. Moreover, the catalytic efficiency can be efficiently increased 300‐fold by ultrasound under inflammatory microenvironment. Notably, BiPt nanozyme is further cloaked with a platelet‐bacteria hybrid membrane (BiPt@HMVs), thus presenting excellent homing effect to infectious sites and precise homologous targeting to pathogen. By integrating accurate targeting with highly efficient catalytic, BiPt@HMVs can eliminate carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in osteomyelitis rats model, muscle‐infected mice model, and pneumonia mice model. The work provides an alternative strategy based on nanozymes for clinically addressing MDR bacteria‐induced infections.
Inkjet Patterning of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles in Silicone Elastomers
Authors: Shim Hyunji , Hwang Siwon , Byun Eunjeong , Choi Minyoung , Kim Bongjun , Song Seunghyun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe incorporation of the plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) in microfluidic systems is highly desirable since their unique characteristic such as localized plasmonic resonance can be largely beneficial to many biomedical applications; however, the typical incorporation process requires a long immersion time and totally lacks patterning capability. This work develops a method for embedding patterned plasmonic AuNPs and AgNPs in silicone elastomer by inkjet printing metal ion solution into uncured silicone elastomer. This work finds that both energetics and kinetics of the solvent's mixing behaviors are critical to successful patterning, both experimentally and theoretically. Based on these results, patterned metal NPs are literally “embedded” in silicon elastomers efficiently, not formed just on surfaces. This work demonstrates the patterning capability by reproducing pixel arts with metal NPs in silicone elastomer. In addition, an AuNPs‐based photothermal microfluidic pump that responds to light at a specific wavelength is fabricated, demonstrating the potential utility of the inkjet patterned metal NPs in silicone elastomer.
Spatially Distributed Ramp Reversal Memory in VO2
Authors: Basak Sayan , Sun Yuxin , Banguero Melissa Alzate , Salev Pavel , Schuller Ivan K. , Aigouy Lionel , Carlson Erica W. , Zimmers Alexandre 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRamp‐reversal memory has recently been discovered in several insulator‐to‐metal transition materials where a non‐volatile resistance change can be set by repeatedly driving the material partway through the transition. This study uses optical microscopy to track the location and internal structure of accumulated memory as a thin film of VO2 is temperature cycled through multiple training subloops. These measurements reveal that the gain of insulator phase fraction between consecutive subloops occurs primarily through front propagation at the insulator‐metal boundaries. By analyzing transition temperature maps, it is found, surprisingly, that the memory is also stored deep inside both insulating and metallic clusters throughout the entire sample, making the metal‐insulator coexistence landscape more rugged. This non‐volatile memory is reset after heating the sample to higher temperatures, as expected. Diffusion of point defects is proposed to account for the observed memory writing and subsequent erasing over the entire sample surface. By spatially mapping the location and character of non‐volatile memory encoding in VO2, this study results enable the targeting of specific local regions in the film where the full insulator‐to‐metal resistivity change can be harnessed in order to maximize the working range of memory elements for conventional and neuromorphic computing applications.
Short‐term outcomes of a prospective multicenter phase II trial of total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer in Japan (ENSEMBLE‐1)
Authors: Kagawa Yoshinori , Watanabe Jun , Uemura Mamoru , Ando Koji , Inoue Akira , Oba Koji , Takemasa Ichiro , Oki Eiji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) in Japan.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm phase II trial was conducted at five institutions. The key eligibility criteria were age ≥ 20 years, LARC within 12 cm from the anal verge, and cT3‐4N0M0 or TanyN+M0 at the time of diagnosis that enabled curative resection. Preoperative short‐course radiation therapy (SCRT) 5 Gy × 5 days (total 25 Gy) + CAPOX (six courses) followed by total mesorectum excision (TME) was the treatment protocol. Non‐operative management (NOM) was allowed if clinical complete response (cCR) was obtained in the preoperative evaluation. The primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate.ResultsThirty patients (male, n = 26; female, n = 4; median age, 62.5 [44–74] years; cT [T2, n = 1; T3, n = 25; T4, n = 4]; cN [N0, n = 13; N1, n = 13; N2, n = 4]) were enrolled. The final analysis included 30 patients in total. The completion rates were 100% for SCRT and 83% for CAPOX. TME and NOM were performed in 20 and seven patients, respectively. pCR was observed in six patients (30% [95% CI 14.0%–50.8%]). The primary endpoint was met. pCR+cCR was observed in 13 (43.3%) patients. There were no treatment‐related deaths. Grade ≥3 (CTCAE ver. 5.0) adverse events (≥20%), including diarrhea (23.3%) and neutropenia (23.3%). The median follow‐up period was 15.6 (10.5–22.8) months, with no recurrence or regrowth in NOM.ConclusionsENSEMBLE‐1 demonstrated satisfactory pCR and cCR, and well‐tolerated safety of TNT for patients with LARC in Japan.