bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between computed tomography perfusion and the effect of intravenous alteplase prior to endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Hoving Jan W. , van Voorst Henk , Peerlings Daan , Daems Jasper D. , Koopman Miou S. , Wouters Anke , Kappelhof Manon , LeCouffe Natalie E. , Treurniet Kilian M. , Bruggeman Agnetha A. E. , Rinkel Leon A. , van den Wijngaard Ido R. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , van der Lugt Aad , Marquering Henk A. , Roos Yvo B. W. E. M. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Emmer Bart J. ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN-NO IV Investigators
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Intravenous alteplase (IVT) prior to endovascular treatment (EVT) is neither superior nor noninferior to EVT alone in acute ischemic stroke patients. We aim to assess whether the effect of IVT prior to EVT differs according to CT perfusion (CTP)–based imaging parameters.

Methods
In this retrospective post hoc analysis, we included patients from the MR CLEAN-NO IV with available CTP data. CTP data were processed using syngo.via (version VB40). We performed multivariable logistic regression to obtain the effect size estimates (adjusted common odds ratio a[c]OR) on 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]) and functional independence (mRS 0-2) for CTP parameters with two-way multiplicative interaction terms between IVT administration and the studied parameters.

Results
In 227 patients, median CTP-estimated core volume was 13 (IQR 5–35) mL. The treatment effect of IVT prior to EVT on outcome was not altered by CTP-estimated ischemic core volume, penumbral volume, mismatch ratio, and presence of a target mismatch profile. None of the CTP parameters was significantly associated with functional outcome after adjusting for confounders.

Conclusion
In directly admitted patients with limited CTP-estimated ischemic core volumes who presented within 4.5 h after symptom onset, CTP parameters did not statistically significantly alter the treatment effect of IVT prior to EVT. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in patients with larger core volumes and more unfavorable baseline perfusion profiles on CTP imaging.
A Note on the Differentiability of the Hellinger–Kantorovich Distances
Authors: Fleißner Florentine Catharina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper will deal with differentiability properties of the class of Hellinger–Kantorovich distances $$\textsf{HK}_{\Lambda , \Sigma } \ (\Lambda , \Sigma > 0)$$

HK

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which was recently introduced on the space $${\mathcal {M}}({\mathbb {R}}^d)$$

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of finite nonnegative Radon measures. The derivatives of $$t\mapsto \textsf{HK}_{\Lambda , \Sigma }(\mu _t, \nu _t)^2,$$

t
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2

,

for absolutely continuous curves $$(\mu _t)_t, (\nu _t)_t$$

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in $$({\mathcal {M}}({\mathbb {R}}^d),\textsf{HK}_{\Lambda , \Sigma })$$

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,

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, will be computed $${\mathscr {L}}^1$$

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-a.e.. The characterization of absolutely continuous curves in $$({\mathcal {M}}({\mathbb {R}}^d), \textsf{HK}_{\Lambda , \Sigma })$$

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will be refined.
Time-Domain Decomposition for Mixed-Integer Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Hante Falk M. , Krug Richard , Schmidt Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider mixed-integer optimal control problems, whose optimality conditions involve global combinatorial optimization aspects for the corresponding Hamiltonian pointwise in time. We propose a time-domain decomposition, which makes this problem class accessible for mixed-integer programming using parallel-in-time direct discretizations. The approach is based on a decomposition of the optimality system and the interpretation of the resulting subproblems as suitably chosen mixed-integer optimal control problems on subintervals in time. An iterative procedure then ensures continuity of the states at the boundaries of the subintervals via co-state information encoded in virtual controls. We prove convergence of this iterative scheme for discrete-continuous linear-quadratic problems and present numerical results both for linear-quadratic as well as nonlinear problems.
Analysis of District Heating Networks
Authors: Borsche R. , Eimer M. , Garavello M. , Rossi E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the context of district heating networks we consider a model for the distribution of energy through water (for heating or cooling) from a central power station to the consumers. We prove the well posedness of the system, by using the Banach Fixed Point Theorem together with stability estimates for reduced systems. Eventually we consider optimal control problems motivated by applications and we provide the existence of optimal controls in special situations.
An Eikonal Equation with Vanishing Lagrangian Arising in Global Optimization
Authors: Bardi Martino , Kouhkouh Hicham 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe show a connection between global unconstrained optimization of a continuous function f and weak KAM theory for an eikonal-type equation arising also in ergodic control. A solution v of the critical Hamilton–Jacobi equation is built by a small discount approximation as well as the long time limit of an associated evolutive equation. Then v is represented as the value function of a control problem with target, whose optimal trajectories are driven by a differential inclusion describing the gradient descent of v. Such trajectories are proved to converge to the set of minima of f, using tools in control theory and occupational measures. We prove also that in some cases the set of minima is reached in finite time.
On the Strong Subregularity of the Optimality Mapping in an Optimal Control Problem with Pointwise Inequality Control Constraints
Authors: Osmolovskii N. P. , Veliov V. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents sufficient conditions for strong metric subregularity (SMsR) of the optimality mapping associated with the local Pontryagin maximum principle for Mayer-type optimal control problems with pointwise control constraints given by a finite number of inequalities$$G_j(u)\le 0$$Gj(u)≤0. It is assumed that all data are twice smooth, and that at each feasible point the gradients$$G_j'(u)$$Gj′(u)of the active constraints are linearly independent. The main result is that the second-order sufficient optimality condition for a weak local minimum is also sufficient for a version of the SMSR property, which involves two norms in the control space in order to deal with the so-called two-norm-discrepancy.
Effect of Temperature Upon Double Diffusive Instability in Navier–Stokes–Voigt Models with Kazhikhov–Smagulov and Korteweg Terms
Authors: Straughan Brian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present models for convection in a mixture of viscous fluids when the layer is heated from below and simultaneously the pointwise volume concentration of one of the fluids is heavier below. This configuration produces a problem of competitive double diffusion since heating from below promotes instability, but the greater density of fluid below is stabilizing. The fluids are of linear viscous type which may contain Kelvin–Voigt terms, but density gradients due to the mixture appear strongly in the governing equations. The density gradients give rise to Korteweg stresses, but may also be described by theory due to Kazhikhov and Smagulov. The systems of equations which appear are thus highly nonlinear. The instability surface threshold is calculated and this is found to have a complex nonlinear shape, very different from the linear ones found in classical thermohaline convection in a Navier–Stokes fluid. It is shown that the Kazhikhov–Smagulov terms, Korteweg terms and Kelvin–Voigt term play a key role in acting as stabilizing agents but the associated effect is very nonlinear. Quantitative values of the instability surface are displayed showing the effect Korteweg terms, Kazhikhov–Smagulov terms, and the Kelvin Voigt term have. The nonlinear stability problem is addressed by means of a generalized energy theory deriving different results depending on which underlying theory is employed.
Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Endophytic Microbes: Promising Candidates for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management for Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Anand Uttpal , Pal Tarun , Yadav Niraj , Singh Vipin Kumar , Tripathi Vijay , Choudhary Krishna Kumar , Shukla Awadhesh Kumar , Sunita Kumari , Kumar Ajay , Bontempi Elza , Ma Ying , Kolton Max , Singh Amit Kishore 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlobally,
substantial research into endophytic microbes is being conducted to increase agricultural and environmental sustainability. Endophytic microbes such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi inhabit ubiquitously within the tissues of all plant species without causing any harm or disease. Endophytes form symbiotic relationships with diverse plant species and can regulate numerous host functions, including resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, growth and development, and stimulating immune systems. Moreover, plant endophytes play a dominant role in nutrient cycling, biodegradation, and bioremediation, and are widely used in many industries. Endophytes have a stronger predisposition for enhancing mineral and metal solubility by cells through the secretion of organic acids with low molecular weight and metal-specific ligands (such as siderophores) that alter soil pH and boost binding activity. Finally, endophytes synthesize various bioactive compounds with high competence that are promising candidates for new drugs, antibiotics, and medicines. Bioprospecting of endophytic novel secondary metabolites has given momentum to sustainable agriculture for combating environmental stresses. Biotechnological interventions with the aid of endophytes played a pivotal role in crop improvement to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress conditions like drought, salinity, xenobiotic compounds, and heavy metals. Identification of putative genes from endophytes conferring resistance and tolerance to crop diseases, apart from those involved in the accumulation and degradation of contaminants, could open new avenues in agricultural research and development. Furthermore, a detailed molecular and biochemical understanding of endophyte entry and colonization strategy in the host would better help in manipulating crop productivity under changing climatic conditions. Therefore, the present review highlights current research trends based on the SCOPUS database, potential biotechnological interventions of endophytic microorganisms in combating environmental stresses influencing crop productivity, future opportunities of endophytes in improving plant stress tolerance, and their contribution to sustainable remediation of hazardous environmental contaminants.
Graphical Abstract
HER2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate RC48 alone or in combination with immunotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter, real-world study
Authors: Chen Meiting , Yao Kai , Cao Manming , Liu Hao , Xue Cong , Qin Tao , Meng Lingru , Zheng Zhousan , Qin Zike , Zhou Fangjian , Liu Zhuowei , Shi Yanxia , An Xin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Phase II trials showed the efficacy of anti-HER2 RC48-ADC (disitamab vedotin) for HER2-positive metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). This study evaluated RC48 alone verses in combination with immunotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic UC using real-world data.

Methods
This retrospective, multicenter, real-world study included patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC who received RC48 in five hospitals in China between July 2021 and April 2022. The outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events.

Results
Thirty-six patients were included. The patients were 47–87 years, and 26 (72.2%) were male. Eighteen patients received RC48 alone, and 18 received RC48 combined with a programmed death-1 antibody. The median PFS was 5.4 months. The median OS was not reached. The 6-month and 1-year PFS rates were 38.8% and 15.5%, respectively. The 1-year OS rate was 79.6%. Fourteen (38.9%) patients achieved a partial response, and the ORR was 38.9%. Eleven patients had stable disease, and the DCR was 69.4%. The median PFS for patients who received RC48 combined with immunotherapy and those who received RC48 alone was 8.5 and 5.4 months, respectively. The main treatment-related adverse events included anemia, hypoesthesia, fatigue, and elevated transaminase. No treatment-related death occurred.

Conclusion
RC48 alone or combined with immunotherapy might benefit patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC, regardless of impaired renal function.
Increased Surgical Delays Seen During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in a Regional Referral Hospital in Soroti, Uganda: Perspective from a Low‐Resource Setting
Authors: Starr Savannah , Oke Rasheedat , Okullu Silas , Ariokot Mary Goretty , Wange Andrew Hyginus , Agwang Esther , Ekuchu Peter , Juillard Catherine , Ajiko Mary Margaret , Dicker Rochelle A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of COVID‐19 on low‐resource surgical systems is concerning but there are limited studies examining the effect in low‐ and middle‐income countries. This study assesses changes in surgical capacity during the COVID‐19 pandemic at Soroti Regional Referral Hospital, a tertiary healthcare facility in Soroti, Uganda.MethodsPatients from a prospective general surgery registry at SRRH were divided into cohorts admitted prior to the pandemic (January 2017 to February 2020) and during the pandemic (March 2020 to May 2021). Demographics, pre‐hospital characteristics, in‐hospital characteristics, provider‐reported delays in care, and adverse events were compared between cohorts.ResultsOf the 1547 general surgery patients, 1159 were admitted prior to the pandemic and 388 were admitted during the pandemic. There was no difference in the median number of elective (24.5 vs. 20.0, p value = 0.16) or emergent (6.0 vs. 6.0, p value = 0.36) surgeries per month. Patients were more likely to have a delay in surgical care during the pandemic (22.6% vs. 46.6%, p < 0.01), particularly from lack of operating space (16.9% vs. 46.3%, p < 0.01) and lack of a surgeon (1.6% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.01). Increased proportion of delays in care appear correlated with waves of COVID‐19 cases at SRRH. There were no changes in rates of adverse events (5.7% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.18).DiscussionThe COVID‐19 pandemic caused significant increases in surgical care delays and emergency surgery at SRRH. Strengthening surgical systems when not in crisis and including provisions for safe, timely surgical delivery during epidemic resource allocation is needed to strengthen the overall healthcare system.
Prevalence and morphometry of sternal and xiphoid foramen: a meta-analysis on 16,666 subjects
Authors: Pasieka Patrycja , Pasieka Paweł Melchior , Komosa Alexander , Barnowska Agnieszka , Pękala Jakub , Malinowski Konrad , Tomaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Sternal foramen is a perforation of the sternum that can be a source of misdiagnosis during radiographic imaging or life-threatening perforations during bone marrow sampling. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis on the prevalence, morphometrics, and location of foramen in the sternal body and xiphoid process, describe morphometric features of this phenomenon, and thus verify its clinical importance. Moreover, our secondary outcome was to compare effectiveness of various imaging methods in diagnosis of the sternal or xiphoid foramen.

Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted on major scientific databases to identify studies containing relevant information. Data on foramen’s prevalence, location, morphometrics, and accompanying findings were extracted and pooled into a meta-analysis using MetaXL 5.0.

Results
Thirty-five studies (n = 16,666 subjects) were included. The overall pooled prevalence of a foramen in the sternal body and/or a xiphoid process was 8.9% (95% CI 6.5–11.7) and it equaled 6.5% (95% CI 5.6–7.6) for sternal body alone and 2.9% (95% CI 0.5–6.9) for the xiphoid process. The foramen was more prevalent in males than in females (12.2% vs. 6.8%). The prevalence of sternal foramen was higher in South American [13.9% (95% CI 11.2–16.9)] and African [13.6% (95% CI 9.7–18.0)] studies compared to North American [6.2% (95% CI 5.0–7.5)] and European populations [8.6% (95% CI 3.1–16.3)]. Mean transverse and vertical diameter of foramen equaled 4.7 mm (95% CI 3.8–5.5), and 5.6 mm (95% CI 4.2–6.9), respectively.

Conclusion
Our analysis proves that the sternal foramina are structures of significant prevalence and size. Any physician should keep them in mind when performing punctures in this area.
Computed tomography-based angle measurements of the sagittal capitulum and trochlea position in relation to the humeral shaft
Authors: Przyklenk Axel , Hackl Michael , Iuga Andra-Iza , Leschinger Tim , Maintz David , Harbrecht Andreas , Müller Lars Peter , Wegmann Kilian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe radiologic evaluation of the sagittal angulation of the distal humerus is commonly based on standard lateral radiographs. However, lateral radiographs do not allow to examine the lateral angulation of the capitulum and the trochlea, separately. Although this problem could be approached via computed tomography, there are no data available describing the difference between the angulation of the capitulum and trochlea. Therefore, we aimed to assess sagittal angles of the capitulum and trochlea in relation to the humeral shaft based on 400 CT-scans of the elbow in healthy adults. Angles were measured in sagittal planes at the capitulum center and three anatomically defined trochlea locations and were spanned between the axis of the joint component and the humerus shaft. Angles were tested for differences between measurement locations and correlation with patient characteristics (age, sex, trans-epicondylar distance). Angles increased from lateral to medial measurement locations (107.4 ± 9.6°, 167.4 ± 8.2°, 171.8 ± 7.3°, 179.1 ± 7.0°; p < 0.05). Largest angle differences were detected between the capitulum and trochlea with smallest angles measured at the capitulum. Patient characteristics did not correlate with angles (p > 0.05). Intra-rater-reliability was r = 0.79–0.86. As CT-imaging allows to distinguish between sagittal capitulum and trochlea locations, it might benefit the radiologic diagnostic of sagittal malalignments of the distal humerus at the capitulum and trochlea, separately.
Determination of the crosslink density of silica-filled styrene butadiene rubber compounds by different analytical methods
Authors: Bernal-Ortega Pilar , Anyszka Rafal , Morishita Yoshihiro , di Ronza Raffaele , Blume Anke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe crosslink density of rubber compounds has a great effect on the properties of the final product. For this reason, a suitable characterization method is required to understand and optimize the final performance of rubber materials. Four different experimental techniques were used to determine the crosslink density of silica-filled styrene butadiene rubber composites: equilibrium swelling experiments, stress–strain measurements using the Mooney–Rivlin theory, freezing point depression temperature tests and Temperature Scanning Stress Relaxation (TSSR) measurements. The evaluation of these different techniques shows that the results obtained follow a similar trend for all four methods. The results from the Mooney-Rivlin and TSSR measurements correlate the best. These two techniques are the least affected by the presence of fillers and are the less time-consuming ones. Furthermore, they also show the best correlation with the mechanical properties of the studied compounds.
Association between levels of serotonin, melatonin, cortisol and the clinical condition of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wróbel Aldona , Szklarczyk Joanna , Barańska Ilona , Majda Anna , Jaworek Jolanta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic connective tissue disease of autoimmune basis. It is characterized by inflammation of joints and systemic complications. The etiopathogenesis is still unknown. Predisposing factors for the disease include genetic, immunological and environmental. Chronic disease and the stress experienced by patients disrupt the body’s homeostatic state and weaken the human immune system. Reduced immunity and endocrine disruption may influence the development of autoimmune diseases and exacerbate their course. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between the blood levels of hormones such as cortisol, serotonin, melatonin and the clinical status of RA patients as determined by the DAS28 index and CRP protein. A total of 165 people participated in the study of these 84 subjects had RA and the rest were the control group. All participants completed a questionnaire and had their blood drawn to determine hormones. Patients with RA had higher plasma cortisol (324.6 ng/ml vs. 292.9 ng/ml) and serotonin concentrations (67.9 ng/ml vs. 22.1 ng/ml) and lower plasma melatonin (116.8 pg/ml vs. 330.2 pg/ml) compared to controls. Patients whose CRP concentration were above normal also had elevated plasma cortisol concentration. No significant association was observed in RA patients between plasma melatonin, serotonin and DAS28 values. However, it can be concluded that those with high disease activity had lower melatonin levels as compared to patients with low and moderate DAS28 values. Significant differences were found between RA patients not using steroids and plasma cortisol (p = 0.035). In RA patients, it was observed that as plasma cortisol concentration increased, the chance of having an elevated DAS28 score, indicating high disease activity, increased.
Artificial intelligence in BreastScreen Norway: a retrospective analysis of a cancer-enriched sample including 1254 breast cancer cases
Authors: Koch Henrik Wethe , Larsen Marthe , Bartsch Hauke , Kurz Kathinka Dæhli , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To compare results of selected performance measures in mammographic screening for an artificial intelligence (AI) system versus independent double reading by radiologists.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 949 screen-detected breast cancers, 305 interval cancers, and 13,646 negative examinations performed in BreastScreen Norway during the period from 2010 to 2018. An AI system scored the examinations from 1 to 10, based on the risk of malignancy. Results from the AI system were compared to screening results after independent double reading. AI score 10 was set as the threshold. The results were stratified by mammographic density.

Results
A total of 92.7% of the screen-detected and 40.0% of the interval cancers had an AI score of 10. Among women with a negative screening outcome, 9.1% had an AI score of 10. For women with the highest breast density, the AI system scored 100% of the screen-detected cancers and 48.6% of the interval cancers with an AI score of 10, which resulted in a sensitivity of 80.9% for women with the highest breast density for the AI system, compared to 62.8% for independent double reading. For women with screen-detected cancers who had prior mammograms available, 41.9% had an AI score of 10 at the prior screening round.

Conclusions
The high proportion of cancers with an AI score of 10 indicates a promising performance of the AI system, particularly for women with dense breasts. Results on prior mammograms with AI score 10 illustrate the potential for earlier detection of breast cancers by using AI in screen-reading.

Key Points
• The AI system scored 93% of the screen-detected cancers and 40% of the interval cancers with AI score 10.
• The AI system scored all screen-detected cancers and almost 50% of interval cancers among women with the highest breast density with AI score 10.
• About 40% of the screen-detected cancers had an AI score of 10 on the prior mammograms, indicating a potential for earlier detection by using AI in screen-reading.