bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Studies for some Bean Traits in Relation to Stability and Insect Infestations
Authors: Abd El-Hady M. E. E. , Hamed A. A. , Youssif M. A. I. , Ismail H. E. M. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This research was carried out at a private farm located at Qaha, Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt during the two successive summer seasons of 2018 and 2019 to estimate the stability parameters of ten dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for yield, insect infestation and some economic traits under different planting densities as well as to assess the annual variation of some insect pests through different growing densities and seasons in relation to certain climatic factors, synchronization of plant age with insect infestation percentage on plant due to insect activity. There were significant genotype × densities interactions for the studied bean’s traits, i.e., number of days to flowering, pod length, 100-seeds weight, number of pods/plant, yield/feddan and insect infestation. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits. Pooled deviation mean squares for number of days to flowering, yield/fed. and insect infestation were not significant suggesting the consistency of the genotypes yielding ability under environmental conditions tested. The high yielding genotypes G6, G1 and G10 produced high yielding performance based on wide adaptation and stability of performance over all environments. Genotypes G3, G5, G7 and G10 were insensitive to environmental changes and could be recommended for cultivation under all conditions. Genotype G8 also had minimum aphid infestation over range of environments showed below regression coefficients for yield/fed. and insect infestation and low deviation from regression, indicated specific adaptability of this genotype to unfavorable environments. Genetic variation (σ2g) was large in magnitude compared to error one (σ2e) in all studied traits of all cases except pod length in all densities of 2nd season (Env. 5-8) and number of pods under 10 cm/2 rows of Env.8, reflecting the genetic differences among genotypes for all studied traits except of those two cases. The population of both leaf miners (Melanogromyza phaseoli) and aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) was observed from the third week of March (5th week after planting date) and continued till to 3rd week of May (14th week after planting) and reached to a peak level 55.2 and 85.9% for aphid and leaf miners during 9th and 11th weeks after planting date, respectively, i.e. 2nd and 4th week of April. Genotype G8 interacted with planting space of (5 cm ×2 rows) were explained the lowest Melanagromyza phaseoli (Tryon) and Aphis craccivora Koch, infestations (18.8% and 12.6%, respectively) followed by G1 and G5 with the same planting space for leaf miners (29.6%) and aphid (15.3%) infestations, respectively.
Identification of Fungi Associated with Hazelnuts and Determination of Their Mycotoxin
Authors: Hassan Khulod I. , Sharef Pari Hama 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To analyze natural mycoflora of hazelnuts in Sulaimani province of Iraq, this study conducted by collecting 33 (27 raw hazelnut kernel and 6 hazelnut paste) samples and determine their mycotoxin. Polyphasic approach consisting of morphological examination and molecular characterization based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (species specific PCR) was performed fungi identification. For the incidence of aflatoxins (AFs) the hazelnuts samples were analyzed by ELISA technique. The results show that 20 sample (60.6%) (18 raw hazelnut kernel and 2 hazelnut paste) were contaminated with three main genera of fungi, namely Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopusin. From Aspergillus, A. flavus and A. parasiticus were the dominant. In AFs analysis, AFs detected in all (100%) of these contaminated hazelnut samples with various level ranged from 9.9 to 10.7 µg kg−1 for raw hazelnut kernel samples and ranged from 10.2 to 13.9 µg kg−1 for hazelnut paste samples. AF contamination level of all of them exceeded the legal limits set by EC. Investigations for aflatoxin quantification and fungus contamination in more number of samples must be conducted to ensure safety of such kinds of food.
Influence of Some Processing Treatments and Storage on Different Properties of Tangerine Juice
Authors: Al-Jammaas Oday Hasan Ali , Saadallah Mead Waleed , Abd Abdullah Fakhri 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the influence of some processing treatments such as extraction method (centrifuging and squeezing), packaging material type (glass and PET bottles) on total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity, pH, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid value, and total soluble sugar value of tangerine juice during storage temperature as 4 °C and duration as 4 weeks. Significant increasing in the TSS of juice samples were found within all studied treatments. The changes in the total titratable acidity and pH values were significant when comparing among centrifugation and squeezing methods for extraction juices. Total phenolic content of juice samples significantly changed (p<0.05) during all storage weeks for all treatments. Tangerine juice samples extracted by squeezing method and packed in PET bottles had higher ascorbic acid value than that in other treatments at the end of storage time. On the 2nd week of storage the increasing in the total soluble sugar values was significant (p<0.05) for both T1 and T2, while the same finding was obtained in the 3rd and 4th weeks of storage of the juices subjected into T3 and T4.
The Effectiveness of a Bilayer from Gelatin and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Supported with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Microbial Load of Soft Cheese Storage at Refrigerator Temperature
Authors: Abed Alaa Safi , Thalij Karkaz M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Food Sciences - College of Agriculture at the University of Tikrit for the period from the beginning of November 2021 to the end of October 2022 with the aim of testing the efficiency of wrapping soft cheese samples with gelatin film compounded with carboxy methyl cellulose derivatives (CMC) or combined with nanoparticles of zinc oxide. (ZnO-NPs) by determining the microbial counts after storage of samples for 35 days in the refrigerator temperature (4 ºC ± 2). The results showed that cheese samples were contaminated with total microbial counts at 35 days of storage for each T2 and T3 at 1.30, 0.70, CFU/g, respectively, compared with their bacterial count in the control group at 14 days storage, which was at 2.60 CFU/g. The coliform bacteria also appeared in T2 and T3 at Log 0.7 and 0.3 CFU / g, respectively, compared with their counts in T1, at 2.51 CFU / g, while the fungi values of treatment T3, T2 were log 2.3 and 0.0 CFU/ g, respectively, compared to their counts in T1, which accounts to log 2.20 CFU /g at 14 days storage.
Effect of Rhizobacterein Bio Fertilizer, Nano-NPK and Nano-Micro Complete on some Parameters of Growth and Yield of Bean and Number of Bacteria in the Rhizosphere
Authors: Ali Maha Mohammed , Ghazal Rand Abdulhadi , Al-juthery Hayyawi W. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
During the winter season 2021-2022, an experiment was carried out in the wooden canopy of the College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul to study of effect of Rhizobacterein, Nano-NPK20:20:20, and Nano-Micro Complete fertilizers and time periods on the number of rhizosphere bacteria and some of the growth and yield parameters of bean. Using (Silt Loam) texture in Alhawi soil in Mosul region. The first factor contained nine treatments of (NPK20:20:20), (Micro Complete) nano-fertilizer, Rhizobacterein bio-fertilizer, dual and tri combination of them, In addition to a treatment containing conventional fertilizers, as well as a control. The second factor is the time periods (60, 90 and 120) days of cultivation using a complete random design (CRD) with three replications. On 24/11/2021, the seeds of the Italian-origin bean Luz cultivar were planted in polyethylene (10) kg of soil. Fertilizers were combined with the soil and added in two batches, the first after germination and the second 20 days later. For each time, the total number of bacteria and vegetative properties were counted. (60, 90, and 120) cultivation days. The results of the statistical analysis for the least significant difference (L.S.D0.05) showed superiority of the tri combination of fertilization (Nano-NPK+Nano-Micro complete+Rhzobacterein) for the period (120) days after planting in the chlorophyll index, fresh pods yield, and fresh plants yield (51.84 SPAD, 71.62 g plant−1, and 33.85 g plant−1) respectively, compared to the same combination of the traditional sources (49.2 SPAD, 62.86 g plant−1, and 24.72 g plant−1) for the same period, while the same trend was achieved with the total numbers of bacteria for the tri nano, bio fertilizers combination (6.93, 10.12, 5.03) (108) cfu g−1soil, compared to the tri traditional, bio fertilizers combination (5.14, 6.73, 4.59) (108) cfu g−1 soil, respectively for the periods (60, 90, and 120) days after of planting.
The Effect of Diesel Fuel Improvers on the Vibrations, Noise and Fuel Consumption of the Agricultural Tractor Engine During the Tillage Process
Authors: Awwad Ali A. , Hilal Yousif Y. , Rajab Raqeeb H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The research aims to study the effect of the fuel type, plow types, and engine speeds on Tractor Seat Vibrations (TSV), Noise of Agricultural Tractors(NAT), and fuel consumption. The field experiments were conducted on an experimental farm in Al-Hamdaniya, Nineveh province, Iraq. The investigation was factorial, using a Randomized Complete Block Design with Split –Split plot Design. The trial site was divided into 18 treatments with three replications for each treatment; the length of the treatment was 180 meters, with an affixed depth of 25-30 cm. The three types of fuel type were placed in the main plot, the plow types in the secondary split plot, and the speed engine in the Split -Split plot. The results showed significant differences between the fuel, plows, and engine speeds in most studied traits. The triple interaction of the diesel without Additives and disk plow with speed engine 1500 rpm was significantly superior and recorded the lowest in the trait of TSV (2.605 m. s−2) and the characteristic of NAT (89.449 dB) while the highest value of fuel consumption (32.710 L. ha−1). The interaction of the diesel with Mannol super additives, disk plow, and speed 2000 rpm was recorded as the highest value of TSV (6.944 m.s−2). as well as the highest value of NAT (92.166 dB) at the interaction of the diesel without additives, disk plow and speed engine 2000 rpm. The lowest fuel consumption rate (25.307 L. ha−1) with a significant difference at the interaction of the diesel with Mannol super additives, moldboard plow, and speed engine 2000 rpm.
The Effect of Temperature and Calcium Cloride Extract on Zinc Desorption in Changed Calcareous Soils
Authors: Ramadhan Payizan Ihsan , Mehmedany Lazkeen Ahmed Merween 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Zinc desorption studied for ten soils was variance in calcium carbonate, clay percent, and organic matter from Duhok province in the north of Iraq involved (Bamarny, Zawita Assih, Semeel, Kanimasi-1& 2, Khanke, Zakho, Batofa, and Faydi, locations). Soil testers after air dried up ground and filtered through a 2-mm sieve was taken to know the properties of the soils, zinc forms and desorption. Results showed the soluble, available, exchangeable and zinc total alternated among (0.29 - 0.94), (0.88 - 1.64), (1.71 - 2.05), and (12.25 - 56.15) mg.kg−1 one-to-one, Zn desorption raise with the raising of Zn added to research soils, extraction concentration CaCl2 from 0.1 to 1 molarity and temperature. Higher quantity of Zn release at 298K, was found in the soil of Kanimassi-1 (31.40 - 264.81) μg. g−1 at 0.1M, 1M CaCl2 extraction respectively, it may be owing to the high value of available phosphorus, CEC and organic matter and lower quantity of available-Zn and CaCO3. But the lowest amount observed in Faydi soil (14.10-118.69) μg. g−1. The high desorption of Zn at 321K, noted in Faydi soil between (50.50 - 421.00) μg. g−1 and low amount in Semeel soil between (26.35 - 222.10) μg.g−1 at 0.1 to 1M CaCl2 extraction respectively, designated Zn released more with increasing temperature. In general low quantity of Zn releases as of all researched soils causes to the great amount of CaCO3, quality and amount of clay minerals dominant that cause raise Zn bonding also low desorption from all studied soils. The effect of CaCl2 extraction concentration to increase Zn desorption was more than the effect of temperature in all soils.
Estimation of the Optimal Resource Mix for Breeding and Fattening Calves in the Northern Plain-Nineveh Governorate for the Year 2021
Authors: Farhan Ghadeer Ghanim , Ahmad Emad Abdulazeez , Aljreisy Mohammed Hamid Ahmed , Sultan Waleed Ibrahim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The research seeks to measure the technical, allocative and economic efficiency of the fields of breeding and fattening calves, and to determine the amount of resources that achieve the economic efficiency of the fields of specialized breeding and fattening calves, and then to estimate the surplus and deficit in both the quantity of concentrated, rough and green fodder, the value of veterinary medicines and the numbers of human labor force for one season. Technical efficiency according to the production function that the technical efficiency of the research sample fields reached an average of 90%, according to the cost function. The surplus percentage amounted to 47.8%, 3.77%, 16.14%, 3.03%, 55.64 and 61.05%, in the economic resources it amounted to each of the quantity of concentrated, rough and green fodder, the value of veterinary medicines and the number of human labor force for one season.
The Level of Application of Scientific Recommendations by Tomato Growers in Nimrud District
Authors: Kadhum Rayan Ryad , Hameed Ali Tariq 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study’s overarching goals are to (1) quantify the extent to which tomato farmers in Nimrud district follow scientific advice and (2) investigate the relationship between the extent to which farmers in Nimrud district follow scientific recommendations and certain explanatory variables. A total of (532) farmers from tomato farms in the Nimrud district participated in the study. By selecting a 25% random sample, 133 farmers were asked to participate in this study. In the first of a three-part questionnaire, we asked about demographics such respondent’s age, education level, and employment status, number of years of work in tomato cultivation, land area), while the second part included (51) items To measure the level of application using a triple scale, three alternatives were allocated (I apply to a large degree, I apply to a medium degree, I do not apply) and weights were determined for them (1, 2, 3) degrees, respectively, while the third portion covered (8) difficulties that hinder tomato farmers in Al-Nimrud district In-depth interviews were used to compile the data. Following that, the spss program was used to purge the data for statistical analysis. The results showed that 58% of the respondents had an average level of application. The results also showed that there was a substantial link between the independent variables (age, number of years of employment in tomato farming, land area) (age, number of years of work in tomato cultivation, land area). and the degree of application, whereas there is no significant association between academic attainment and the amount of application, and it was determined that the problem of high gasoline prices placed top with the greatest percentage (90.22). The researcher recommends to increase material and moral support for vegetable farmers from the Ministry of Agriculture and the General Company for Agricultural Supplies.
The Effect of the Electric Current Intensity and its Exposure Duration on the Germination Ratio and some Morphological Qualities of the Albizia Seedlings Albizia lebbek L. Benth
Authors: Idrees Mohammed Sameer , Omar Omar Mudhaffar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The results of exposing Albizia lebbeck seeds to Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth to the intensity of electric current and for a different period of exposure to a significant superiority when exposing the seeds to the intensity of an electric current 9A in the percentage of germination % Recipe for the height of seedlings, the diameter of the stem, the number of leaves and the wet and dry weight of the vegetative total compared to the comparison treatment, while the duration of exposure exceeded 9 minutes in the characteristic of the height of seedlings, as for the effect of bilateral overlap, the exposure of the seeds to the intensity of the electric current 9A for 9 minutes led to a significant superiority in the percentage of germination % Compared to the comparison treatment, the same treatment also gave a strong 9 for 9 minutes the highest increase in the trait of the rate of rise of seedlings, the diameter of the seedlings, the number of leaves, the wet and dry weight of the vegetative total compared to the comparison treatment that gave the lowest values. From the evidence of the results, we infer that the treatment with electric current led to an increase in the seed germination percentage and improved some of the vegetative growth qualities of the Albizia lebbek.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Nerium oleander in the Phytoremediation of Lead Pollution by using Humic Acid
Authors: Mustafa Muhand Kamal , Khudair Ammar Fakhri 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in the lath house of the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station of the College of Agriculture in the governorate of Kirkuk-Iraq for the period from 1/3/2022 to 1/9/2002, to evaluate the efficiency of N.Oleander L.Album Plenum in the phytoremediation of lead (Pb) contaminated soil by adding Humic acid with three levels (0,5,10) ml..pot−1 of soil directly, the design of the experiment used is R.C.B.D. The results of the mechanisms and indicators of the efficiency of the nerium oleander in the extraction of heavy metals showed that the oleander plant with the assistance of humic acid has a high ability to absorb and accumulate the lead element very effectively, and the concentration of 10 ml.pot−1 of humic increasing the concentration of the Pb in the shoot and root system (30.71, 16.83 PPM) respectively, however the concentration of lead in the control plants was (25.32 and 14.36 PPM) respectively. Translocation factor TF>1 for all humic concentrations (1.82, 1.88, 1.77), respectively, and this indicates the high ability of the oleander to absorb and accumulate heavy elements. The concentration of 10 ml.pot−1 of humic acid gave the highest value of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) 0.85, however it was 0.64 in the control plant. The concentration of 10 ml.pot−1 of humic was also superior in giving the highest value of the concentration index (CI), which ranged 1.27, and 1.06 in the control plant.
Seed Productivity of Natural Vegetation at UoD Campus as Affected by Mowing Frequency
Authors: Saleem Khalid Ismail , Mustafa Ahmed M. H. , Abdullah Khaleda Haji , Hambi Bilnd J. H. , Albaibony Direen J. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Since 2000, there has been a noticeable increase of overgrazing in Kurdistan region of Iraq, particularly in Duhok governorate, as a result of the widespread movement of livestock (sheep and goats) by animal breeders from the middle of Iraq, particularly from the Nineveh steppes, to graze in Kurdistan region constantly from early spring to late summer. In addition to local livestock, tens of thousands of animals contributed to increased grazing frequencies, overgrazing, and degradation of rangelands in countless and extensive patches. The occasional fires, droughts, and overgrazing over the past three decades have all contributed significantly to that same degradation of rangeland in Iraq, specifically in the Kurdistan region, by depleting the soil seed bank, which is the fundamental source of natural vegetation restoration. As a result, this study was carried out in the spring of 2016 in Duhok Governorate to ascertain the impact of mowing frequencies (as consequences of grazing) on the seeds productivity of natural vegetation cover (total seeds, grasses seeds, legumes seeds, and other seeds productivity), and to determine the appropriate mowing frequencies to improve vegetation cover and make rangelands more sustainable. Four treatments —no mowing, once, twice, and three times— with five replications in (RCBD) experiment were implemented. The findings showed that the productivity of all seeds declined as mowing was repeated (once, twice, and three times), with the exception of (other seeds group), whose productivity improved when mowed twice in comparison to once. Natural vegetation cover can be utilized (mowed) or grazed even twice if the plant growth season has not yet exceeded the middle stage.
Comparison Between Linear and Non-Linear Regression Models in the Prediction of the Height of Gall Oak Trees (Quercus infectoria Olive.) in Duhok Governorate
Authors: Salih Tariq K. , Saleem Glavesh Y. , Younis Abdulaziz J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted for two main purposes, the first one was to study the mathematical relationship between naturally growing gall oak trees in three microsites (Chamankey, Swaratoka, and Baroshky) in Dohuk Governorate and the second one was to compare the ability of linear and nonlinear regression models in height estimation. For such purposes, a sample of 152 trees was purposely selected from these microsites in such a way that they cover the whole variation of breast height diameter in these microsites. The STATGRAPHIC Centurion along with other computer facilities including Excel were used in estimating the parameters of 32 regression models for all microsites together. Many criteria for testing the performance ability of the developed regression equations in the prediction of the height of trees were used in order to select the most appropriate regression model for all microsites together. Screening of the generated models was performed in three stages; the first one is the use of mathematical analysis to see if they have biological limitations. The second stage is to see the performance ability of homogeneous models,(models with the same form of the dependent variable) in the prediction of the dependent variable. The last stage dealt with testing the performance ability of heterogeneous models, (models with different forms of the dependent variable) in the prediction of the dependent variable.