bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global patterns of phylogenetic beta‐diversity components in angiosperms
Authors: Moulatlet Gabriel Massaine , Kusumoto Buntarou , Pinto‐Ledezma Jesús , Shiono Takayuki , Kubota Yasuhiro , Villalobos Fabricio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuestionsGeographic gradients of beta‐diversity help understanding the relationship between species and their environment. However, on a global scale, such patterns are only known for a few taxa, mainly terrestrial vertebrates, especially when considering the phylogenetic dimension. Here, we present the first global analysis of phylogenetic beta‐diversity (PBD) for angiosperms. We aim to disentangle the relative contribution of PBD components (turnover‐ and nestedness‐resultant differences) and the deviation of PBD given the taxonomic beta‐diversity (TBD) along environmental and geographic gradients.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe compiled range maps of 207,146 angiosperm species at 1° cells and calculated PBD for assemblages formed by each focal cell and its neighboring cells in radii of 1.5° and 2° (“moving‐window” approach). PBD was decomposed into turnover‐ and nestedness‐resultant components, evaluating their relative importance as the proportion of nestedness‐resultant PBD to the total PBD (PBDratio). To evaluate lineage exchanges, we calculated the deviation of PBD from TBD (PBDdev). We assessed the breakpoints of relationship between PBD and geographic (latitude and elevation) and environmental (temperature and precipitation) gradients using linear piecewise regressions.ResultsThe turnover‐resultant component was predominant in shaping the global angiosperm PBD pattern. PBDratio was positively correlated with temperature, having a breakpoint around 14°. Because PBDdev was mostly positive, TBD prevailed over PBD; PBDdev was correlated significantly with latitude and temperature gradients, being higher (i.e., low lineage replacement compared with species replacement) at latitudes above 50° N, and in colder climates (below 2°C).ConclusionsWe provided the first global assessment of current geographic PBD patterns for angiosperms. Our results showed that such patterns are largely dictated by global environmental and geographic gradients, with lineage replacement being more important than lineage loss in virtually all areas, except at higher latitudes and on islands and peninsulas.
Childhood obesity: Implications on adipose tissue dynamics and metabolic health
Authors: Palacios‐Marin Ivonne , Serra Dolors , Jiménez‐Chillarón Josep C. , Herrero Laura , Todorčević Marijana 
Published: August 2023

SummaryObesity is the leading risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Childhood obesity represents an alarming health challenge because children with obesity are prone to remain with obesity throughout their life and have an increased morbidity and mortality risk. The ability of adipose tissue to store lipids and expand in size during excessive calorie intake is its most remarkable characteristic. Cellular and lipid turnovers determine adipose tissue size and are closely related with metabolic status. The mechanisms through which adipose tissue expands and how this affects systemic metabolic homeostasis are still poorly characterized. Furthermore, the mechanism through which increased adiposity extends from childhood to adulthood and its implications in metabolic health are in most part, still unknown. More studies on adipose tissue development in healthy and children with obesity are urgently needed. In the present review, we summarize the dynamics of white adipose tissue, from developmental origins to the mechanisms that allows it to grow and expand throughout lifetime and during obesity in children and in different mouse models used to address this largely unknown field. Specially, highlighting the role that excessive adiposity during the early life has on future's adipose tissue dynamics and individual's health.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of digital game‐based or influencer food and non‐alcoholic beverage marketing on children and adolescents: Exploring hierarchy of effects outcomes
Authors: Evans Rebecca K. , Christiansen Paul , Finlay Amy , Jones Andrew , Maden Michelle , Boyland Emma 
Published: August 2023

SummaryVideogame livestreaming platforms are an emerging form of digital media, popular with young people, where users watch gaming influencers play videogames. Food and non‐alcoholic beverage (hereafter: food) brands have a substantial presence on these platforms, yet no studies have examined the impact of this food marketing on young people. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the evidence (quantitative or mixed‐method) for a relationship between exposure to digital game‐based or influencer food marketing, and food‐related (brand awareness, attitudes, preferences, purchase, and consumption), and post‐consumption (weight, body mass index [BMI], and dental caries) outcomes in young people (≤18 years). Twenty‐three databases were searched in March 2021. Twenty‐two studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 20 were included in the quantitative synthesis. Meta‐analyses indicated food marketing was associated with more positive attitudes and greater preferences (OR = 1.74, p < 0.001 [95%CI: 1.355, 2.232]), and increased consumption (SMD = 0.37, p < 0.001 [95%CI: 0.219, 0.529]). Narrative synthesis indicated that food marketing may increase brand awareness but not pester intent, although data were limited. Evidence suggests that there is a relationship between exposure to food marketing via influencers and digital gaming media, and several food‐related outcomes. This is the first quantitative synthesis to demonstrate these relationships; this work has implications for food marketing policy.
Elevated CO2 increases biomass of Sorghum bicolor green prop roots under drought conditions via soluble sugar accumulation and photosynthetic activity
Authors: de Souza Rodrigues Tamires , Arge Luis Willian Pacheco , de Freitas Guedes Fernanda Alves , Travassos‐Lins João , de Souza Amanda Pereira , Cocuron Jean‐Christophe , Buckeridge Marcos Silveira , Grossi‐de‐Sá Maria Fátima , Alves‐Ferreira Márcio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElevated [CO2] (E[CO2]) mitigates agricultural losses of C4 plants under drought. Although several studies have described the molecular responses of the C4 plant species Sorghum bicolor during drought exposure, few have reported the combined effects of drought and E[CO2] (E[CO2]/D) on the roots. A previous study showed that, among plant organs, green prop roots (GPRs) under E[CO2]/D presented the second highest increase in biomass after leaves compared with ambient [CO2]/D. GPRs are photosynthetically active and sensitive to drought. To understand which mechanisms are involved in the increase in biomass of GPRs, we performed transcriptome analyses of GPRs under E[CO2]/D. Whole‐transcriptome analysis revealed several pathways altered under E[CO2]/D, among which photosynthesis was strongly affected. We also used previous metabolome data to support our transcriptome data. Activities associated with photosynthesis and central metabolism increased, as seen by the upregulation of photosynthesis‐related genes, a rise in glucose and polyol contents, and increased contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. Protein–protein interaction networks revealed that proliferation, biogenesis, and homeostasis categories were enriched and contained mainly upregulated genes. The findings suggest that the previously reported increase in GPR biomass of plants grown under E[CO2]/D is mainly attributed to glucose and polyol accumulation, as well as photosynthesis activity and carbon provided by respiratory CO2 refixation. Our findings reveal that an intriguing and complex metabolic process occurs in GPRs under E[CO2]/D, showing the crucial role of these organs in plant drought /tolerance.
The cell walls of different Chara species are characterized by branched galactans rich in 3‐O‐methylgalactose and absence of AGPs
Authors: Pfeifer Lukas , Mueller Kim‐Kristine , Utermöhlen Jon , Erdt Felicitas , Zehge Jean Bastian Just , Schubert Hendrik , Classen Birgit 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStreptophyte algae are the closest relatives to land plants; their latest common ancestor performed the most drastic adaptation in plant evolution around 500 million years ago: the conquest of land. Besides other adaptations, this step required changes in cell wall composition. Current knowledge on the cell walls of streptophyte algae and especially on the presence of arabinogalactan‐proteins (AGPs), important signalling molecules in all land plants, is limited. To get deeper insights into the cell walls of streptophyte algae, especially in Charophyceae, we performed sequential cell wall extractions of four Chara species. The three species Chara globularis, Chara subspinosa and Chara tomentosa revealed comparable cell wall compositions, with pectins, xylans and xyloglucans, whereas Chara aspera stood out with higher amounts of uronic acids in the pectic fractions and lack of reactivity with antibodies binding to xylan‐ and xyloglucan epitopes. Search for AGPs in the four Chara species and in Nitellopsis obtusa revealed the presence of galactans with pyranosidic galactose in 1,3‐, 1,6‐ and 1,3,6‐linkage, which are typical galactan motifs in land plant AGPs. A unique feature of these branched galactans was high portions of 3‐O‐methylgalactose. Only Nitellopsis contained substantial amounts of arabinose A bioinformatic search for prolyl‐4‐hydroxylases, involved in the biosynthesis of AGPs, revealed one possible functional sequence in the genome of Chara braunii, but no hydroxyproline could be detected in the four Chara species or in Nitellopsis obtusa. We conclude that AGPs that is typical for land plants are absent, at least in these members of the Charophyceae.
Quantifying the risk of mass shootings at specific locations
Authors: Lei Xue , MacKenzie Cameron 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMass shootings are horrific events that annually take scores of innocent lives in the United States. Federal, state, and local governments as well as educational, religious, and private‐sector organizations propose and enact polices and strategies to protect people from and during active shooter situations. A probabilistic risk assessment of a mass shooting for a specific organization, jurisdiction, or location can be the first step toward evaluating the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies and determining which strategies might be most appropriate for a location. This article proposes a novel hierarchical method to assess the probability of a mass shooting at specific locations based on available historical data. First, the method generates a probability distribution over the annual number of mass shootings in the United States. Second, the article uses this national number of mass shootings to determine the risk for each state. Third, the state risk assessment is decomposed to calculate the probability of a mass shooting in a specific location such as a school. Multiple ways to assess the risk are presented, leading to slightly different probability assessments for a location. Results indicate that annual probability of a mass shooting in the largest high school in California is on the order of , and the annual probability of a mass shooting in the largest high school in Iowa is about half as likely as in the California school.
Existence of global solutions to the nonlocal Schrödinger equation on the line
Authors: Zhao Yi , Fan Engui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe address the existence of global solutions to the Cauchy problem for the integrable nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (nonlocal NLS) equation under the initial data with the small‐norm. The nonlocal NLS equation was first introduced by Ablowitz and Musslimani as a new nonlocal reduction of the well‐known Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur system. The main technical difficulty for proving its global well‐posedness on the line in is due to the fact that mass and energy conservation laws, being nonlocal, do not preserve any reasonable norm and may be negative. In this paper, we use the inverse scattering transform approach to prove the existence of global solutions in based on the representation of a Riemann–Hilbert (RH) problem associated with the Cauchy problem of the nonlocal NLS equation. A key of this approach is, by applying the Volttera integral operator and Cauchy integral operator, to establish a Lipschitz bijective map between the solution of the nonlocal NLS equation and reflection coefficients associated with the RH problem. By using the reconstruction formula and estimates on the solution of the time‐dependent RH problem, we further affirm the existence of a unique global solution to the Cauchy problem for the nonlocal NLS equation.
The use of botulinum toxin for grinding in patients with Rett syndrome—Case report
Authors: Komisarek Oskar , Malak Roksana , Śledzińska Aleksandra , Śledzińska Paulina , Mojs Ewa , Matthews‐Kozanecka Maja , Samborski Włodzimierz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsRett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a mutation in the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. It is characterized by profound and severe motor disability. Patients with RTT grind their teeth, causing damage to their permanent teeth. This article aims to describe the case of an 8‐year‐old child with RTT and the methods of botulinum toxin‐based treatment for teeth grinding.Methods and ResultsSurface electromyography (sEMG) was used to monitor the effects of treatment. The masseter and temporal muscles, responsible for the elevation of the mandible, were injected with botulinum toxin. The results of the sEMG examination performed 1 week, 1 month and 4 months after toxin administration were compared to the sEMG conducted before treatment. The research demonstrates a significant reduction in both grinding frequency and tension of the masseter and temporal muscles.ConclusionPossible adverse effects after chronic use of botulinum toxin were discussed. The article also emphasizes the need for masticatory muscle rehabilitation during botulinum toxin therapy. However, it is necessary to repeat this procedure on a larger group of children with RTT to establish our efforts' efficacy.
Nordic nurses' areas of research during and related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. A scoping review with recommendations for evidence‐based practice
Authors: Loft Mia Ingerslev , Berthelsen Connie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe knowledge of the landscape of COVID‐19 research performed by nurses in hospitals and health services is scarce. It is important to identify, map and share knowledge and thus provide a better understanding of the important research performed by nurses.AimsTo provide a comprehensive overview of Nordic nurses' focus areas of research during and related to the COVID‐19 pandemic and to extract knowledge on recommendations for future evidence‐based practice.MethodsThe electronic databases of MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO) and Scopus (via Elsevier) were searched for studies describing all areas of nursing during and related to the COVID‐19 pandemic conducted in the Nordic countries. Studies conducted by a nurse as the first or last author and published from March 2020 to March 2022 were included in the scoping review. The protocol for the review is registered at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/f8kuq).ResultsOf 8412 studies found in the comprehensive search, 119 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were written by nurses from Denmark (42%), Sweden (31%), Norway (20%), Finland (6%) and Iceland (1%). The majority of studies (39%) covered patients' and relatives' experiences of visiting restrictions and social distancing and relatives' communications with healthcare professionals. Twenty‐six per cent of included studies covered healthcare professionals' experiences of caring for patients infected with COVID‐19, working during the pandemic and suffering from the consequences of both.Linking Evidence to ActionThe recommendations of evidence‐based practice for future pandemics show that social distancing for disease prevention must be provided while considering the human consequences of social distancing. Special training is also recommended for healthcare professionals caring for COVID‐19 patients accompanied by psychosocial support for their mental well‐being. Additionally, virtual contact is an important supplement to personal treatment and face‐to‐face contact during social restrictions.
Authors, narrators, and autonomous agents: The art of relational autobiography
Authors: Westlund Andrea C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, I consider several different ways of unpacking the metaphor of self‐authorship, asking what an author might be and how authorship thus understood might be related to personal autonomy. First, I consider authors as makers or creators in a generic sense. Next, I consider authors as a particular sort of creator (the creator of a text), and, finally, authors as an interpretive construct implied by a text. Ultimately, I argue that we both construct ourselves as authors and take responsibility for our self‐constructs through narrative self‐interpretation. Importantly, however, narrative self‐interpretation is not simply a process of individual self‐narration. Given the limitations placed on the autobiographical perspective by our temporal and subjective locations and the intersection of any one person's story with the stories of others, I argue that both autonomy and autobiography are best understood as relational.
Two‐dimensional planimetry for alopecia areata severity evaluation compared with severity of alopecia tool: A pilot study
Authors: Seol Jung Eun , Hong Seong Min , Ahn Sang Woo , Jang Seung Hee , Kim Hyojin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeverity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) is widely used to assess the severity of alopecia areata (AA). However, physician‐related subjectivity exists in SALT scoring (S1–5), especially with initial inspection in the clinical practice. This study investigated two‐dimensional planimetric method to calculate actual surface area of AA, validating SALT scoring.Materials and methodsSALT score was measured twice in each patient based on "initial" inspection in the clinic (SALT‐I) and retrospective assessment of the "photograph" (SALT‐P). Planimetric surface area was calculated by Image J program. Subgroup analysis was performed depending on the agreement between SALT‐I and ‐P; score was described in the order of SALT‐I and SALT‐P.ResultsA total of 93 subjects were enrolled. Planimetric surface area (cm2) of SALT‐I was 2.5–74.9 (S1), 48.8–100.6 (S2), 83.6–205.4 (S3), and 282–367.9 (S4), while SALT‐P was 2.5–59.2 (S1), 41.6–205.4 (S2), 48.8–183.2 (S3), and 282–367.9 (S4). In subgroup analysis, SALT‐I and SALT‐P agreed group showed planimetric surface area (cm2) as 2.5–59.2 (S1‐1), 64.2–100.6 (S2‐2), 168.3–183 (S3‐3), and 282.6–367.9 (S4‐4). Disagreed group showed the value as 54.7 (S1‐2), 41.6–74.9 (S2‐1), 83.6–205.4 (S2‐3), and 48.8–88.6 (S3‐2).ConclusionSALT‐P was more clearly correlated with actual surface area than SALT‐I. Planimetric surface area measurement could be used as a supplementary method especially in the S1 to S3, suggesting 60 cm2, 100 cm2, and 200 cm2 as objective cutoff values to differentiate S1, S2, and S3.
Balancing growth amidst salt stress – lifestyle perspectives from the extremophyte model Schrenkiella parvula
Authors: Tran Kieu‐Nga , Pantha Pramod , Wang Guannan , Kumar Narender , Wijesinghege Chathura , Oh Dong‐Ha , Wimalagunasekara Samadhi , Duppen Nick , Li Hongfei , Hong Hyewon , Johnson John C. , Kelt Ross , Matherne Megan G. , Nguyen Thu T , Garcia Jason R , Clement Ashley , Tran David , Crain Colt , Adhikari Prava , Zhang Yanxia , Foroozani Maryam , Sessa Guido , Larkin John C. , Smith Aaron P. , Longstreth David , Finnegan Patrick , Testerink Christa , Barak Simon , Dassanayake Maheshi 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYSchrenkiella parvula, a leading extremophyte model in Brassicaceae, can grow and complete its lifecycle under multiple environmental stresses, including high salinity. Yet, the key physiological and structural traits underlying its stress‐adapted lifestyle are unknown along with trade‐offs when surviving salt stress at the expense of growth and reproduction. We aimed to identify the influential adaptive trait responses that lead to stress‐resilient and uncompromised growth across developmental stages when treated with salt at levels known to inhibit growth in Arabidopsis and most crops. Its resilient growth was promoted by traits that synergistically allowed primary root growth in seedlings, the expansion of xylem vessels across the root‐shoot continuum, and a high capacity to maintain tissue water levels by developing thicker succulent leaves while enabling photosynthesis during salt stress. A successful transition from vegetative to reproductive phase was initiated by salt‐induced early flowering, resulting in viable seeds. Self‐fertilization in salt‐induced early flowering was dependent upon filament elongation in flowers otherwise aborted in the absence of salt during comparable plant ages. The maintenance of leaf water status promoting growth, and early flowering to ensure reproductive success in a changing environment, were among the most influential traits that contributed to the extremophytic lifestyle of S. parvula.
Ultrasonographic measurements of fascicle length overestimate adaptations in serial sarcomere number
Authors: Hinks Avery , Franchi Martino V. , Power Geoffrey A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUltrasound‐derived measurements of muscle fascicle length (FL) are often used to infer increases (chronic stretch or training) or decreases (muscle disuse or aging) in serial sarcomere number (SSN). Whether FL adaptations measured via ultrasound can truly approximate SSN adaptations has not been investigated. We casted the right hindlimb of 15 male Sprague–Dawley rats in a dorsiflexed position (i.e., stretched the plantar flexors) for 2 weeks, with the left hindlimb serving as a control. Ultrasound images of the soleus, lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) were obtained with the ankle at 90° and full dorsiflexion for both hindlimbs pre and post‐cast. Following post‐cast ultrasound measurements, legs were fixed in formalin with the ankle at 90°, then muscles were dissected and fascicles were teased out for measurement of sarcomere lengths via laser diffraction and calculation of SSN. Ultrasound detected an 11% increase in soleus FL, a 12% decrease in LG FL, and an 8–11% increase in MG FL for proximal fascicles and at full dorsiflexion. These adaptations were partly reflected by SSN adaptations, with a 6% greater soleus SSN in the casted leg than the un‐casted leg, but no SSN differences for the gastrocnemii. Weak relationships were observed between ultrasonographic measurements of FL and measurements of FL and SSN from dissected fascicles. Our results showed that ultrasound‐derived FL measurements can overestimate an increase in SSN by ∼5%. Future studies should be cautious when concluding a large magnitude of sarcomerogenesis from ultrasound‐derived FL measurements, and may consider applying a correction factor.