bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Endoscopic Ultrasound Elastography and Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer of 10 mm or Less
Authors: Ishikawa Takuya , Ohno Eizaburo , Yamao Kentaro , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Iida Tadashi , Kataoka Kunio , Yamamura Takeshi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Nakamura Masanao , Hirooka Yoshiki , Kawashima Hiroki 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancers (PCs) are often detected late, limiting patient prognosis. Early detection and accurate diagnosis, especially for small PCs, are thus crucial. This study investigated the use of endoscopic ultrasound elastography (EUS-EG) and contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CH-EUS) in diagnosing PCs of 10 mm or less.
Methods
This retrospective study at Nagoya University Hospital included 11 patients with pathologically confirmed PCs less than 10 mm. The patients underwent EUS with EUS-EG and/or CH-EUS between May 2005 and January 2022. The performance of these techniques and the interobserver variability was evaluated, with subsequent histopathological comparison. Survival outcomes were estimated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.
Results
The patients were predominantly male (63.6%) with a median age of 69 years and median tumor diameter of 9 mm. The EUS-EG showed excellent interobserver concordance (k-coefficient 0.815), with 80% of lesions classified as stiff. CH-EUS revealed a PC pattern that became hypovascular within 40 seconds during 1 minute of continuous observation in 63.6% of cases, with good to excellent interobserver concordance. Survival rates were 77.1% and 64.3% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Differences in enhancement patterns on CH-EUS were observed based on histological type, differentiation, and tumor stage.
Conclusions
EUS-EG and CH-EUS demonstrated good concordance among observers and could distinguish stiffness and vascular patterns in small PCs. These techniques may aid early detection and accurate diagnosis of PCs less than 10 mm. Further larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Trial registration
This study was retrospectively registered in the ethics committee of Nagoya University Hospital (Approval number: 2015 − 0316, date of approval: December 8th, 2015).
Decoding sex-specific vocal repertoire and syntactic usage in the Fragile X mouse model of autism
Authors: Giua Gabriele , Iezzi Daniela , Caceres-Rodriguez Alba , Strauss Benjamin , Chavis Pascale , Manzoni Olivier J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pup-dam ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) contribute to the formation of neural circuits and behaviors essential for standard cognitive and socio-emotional development. In conditions like autism and Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), disruptions in pup-dam USV communication hint at a possible connection between abnormal early developmental USV communication and the later emergence of communication and social deficits. Syntax, a crucial element of rodent "language," has rarely been investigated in FXS mice, let alone in specimens of both sexes. Therefore, in this study, we gathered USVs from PND 10 FXS pups during a short period of separation from their mothers, encompassing animals of all possible genotypes and both sexes (i.e., Fmr1-/yvs. Fmr1+/y males and Fmr1+/+, +/-, and -/-females). This allowed us to compare, for the first time, the relative influence of sex and gene dosage on their communication capabilities. Leveraging DeepSqueak and analyzing vocal patterns, we examined intricate vocal behaviors such as call structure, duration, frequency modulation, and temporal patterns. The results demonstrate that FMRP-deficient pups of both sexes display an increased inclination to vocalize when separated from their mothers, and this behavior is accompanied by significant sex-specific changes in the main features of their USVs as well as in body weight. Moreover, the decoding of the vocal repertoire and its syntactic usage revealed that the silencing of the Fmr1 gene primarily alters the qualitative composition of ultrasonic communication in males. These findings highlight the fascinating interplay between Fmr1 gene dosage and sex in shaping communication during infancy.
Image-Based Virtual Try-On: Fidelity and Simplification
Authors: Islam Tasin , Miron Alina , Liu Xiaohui , Li Yongmin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We introduce a novel image-based virtual try-on model designed to replace a candidate's garment with a desired target item. The proposed model comprises three modules: segmentation, garment warping, and candidate-clothing fusion. Previous methods have shown limitations in cases involving significant differences between the original and target clothing, as well as substantial overlapping of body parts. Our model addresses these limitations by employing two key strategies. Firstly, it utilises a candidate representation based on an RGB skeleton image to enhance spatial relationships among body parts, resulting in robust segmentation and improved occlusion handling. Secondly, truncated U-Net is employed in both the segmentation and warping modules, enhancing segmentation performance and accelerating the try-on process. The warping module leverages an efficient affine transform for ease of training. Comparative evaluations against state-of-the-art models demonstrate the competitive performance of our proposed model across various scenarios, particularly excelling in handling occlusion cases and significant differences in clothing cases. This research presents a promising solution for image-based virtual try-on, advancing the field by overcoming key limitations and achieving superior performance.
A Model and Exact Algorithm for Minimum Set Covering Problem
Authors: Yuan Kaiyou , Wang Yinglong , Li Heng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The minimum set covering problem with a wide application background is a classical NP problem in the combinatorial optimization and theoretical computing, which defect is at exponential time complexity. Therefore, based on the compatible relations in set theory，this paper constructed the minimum set cover search model, designed an exact algorithm (MSCPT) to solve the minimum set cover on the maximum simple cover, and conducted its time complexity analysis, proof and time performance test. Finally, MSCPT is applied to the optimal location of express service points. The test results show that the MSCPT with sub exponential time complexity can effectively solve the exact solution in small-scale set cover, and its practical application is simple, feasible and steady.
How seams alter boundary layer separation points on baseballs
Authors: Smith Barton , Garrett John , Dufour Patrick , Francis Erica 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, we examine the location of boundary layer separation for air flowing over baseballs that are not spinning and the extent to which these locations are modified by seams (i.e. The Seam Shifted Wake). This is an extension of an earlier study based upon a much smaller data set. In both studies, the baseball is propelled in room air and the flow around the ball is measured with particle image velocimetry. In this study, we avoid the assumption that the results are deterministic. We find that the separation location depends on 1) the boundary layer state (whether laminar or turbulent) as well as 2) seams near the separation location. The boundary layer state, in turn, is found to depend on the Reynolds number, the height of the seams (which vary from one ball to the next), and, most importantly, whether a seam lies downstream of the stagnation point and in a region where the favorable pressure gradient is not so strong as to damp the disturbance from the seam. As a result, the separation becomes dependent on the location of two seams, one on the front of the ball and another near the separation location.
Longitudinal assessment of fatigue and health-related quality of life in adults with immune thrombocytopenia in China
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Xie Shitong , Fu Rongfeng , Chen Yunfei , Liu Wei , Sun Ting , Ju Mankai , Li Huiyuan , Xue Feng , Zhang Lei , Liu Xiaofan , Yang Renchi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Currently, there are few studies focusing on fatigue and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) longitudinally among immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) adults, especially in China. We aimed to evaluate changes in fatigue and HRQoL and identify the associated factors from admission to three months after discharge in Chinese adult ITP patients.
Methods
Patients’ characteristics, and the self-reported answers of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT-F) and the ITP-specific Patient Assessment Questionnaire (ITP-PAQ) at admission (T0), at discharge (T1), and three months after discharge (T2) were collected. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine overall changes over time and associated factors in FACIT-F and ITP-PAQ scores at T0, T1, T2.
Results
The data of 175 ITP adults were included. The mean score of FACIT-F at T0 was 37.2 and increased to 39.0 at T1, while then tended to decrease to the level of baseline at T2 (34.7). Patients who were single, retired, had persistent ITP, splenomegaly had more severe fatigue, whereas those who had not received any prior treatment and had a bleeding score of 0 at admission had milder fatigue. The mean score of ITP-PAQ was 57.7 at T0, then gradually increased to 60.3 at T1 and 62.8 at T2. Patients with persistent ITP and those who have never received treatment for ITP have better HRQoL.
Conclusion
Adult ITP patients in China have non-negligible impairment in fatigue and HRQoL. Patients' fatigue improved at discharge but worsened at three months after discharge, while HRQoL gradually improved over time.
Estrogen activates its receptors to improve lymphatic contractility through suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Zhao Zi-Gang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Lymphatic contractility dysfunction is associated with the deterioration of hemorrhagic shock (HS). Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has been demonstrated to be involved in HS-induced organ injury, while estrogen alleviates HS-induced ERS and organ injury. However, whether estrogen improves lymphatic contraction through inhibition of HS-induced ERS remains unclear. We hypothesized that estrogen activation of its receptors (ERs) promoted mesenteric lymphatic contractility through suppression of HS-induced ERS in lymphatic smooth muscle cells (LSMCs). In a rodent model of HS, 17β-estradiol (E2) administration abrogated HS-induced upregulation of GRP78 in lymphatic tissues. Either E2 or ERS inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) promoted the survival HS rats in the first 72 hours after resuscitation. E2, ER-α agonist PPT, ER-β agonist DPN, GPR30-selective agonist G-1, 4-PBA significantly enhanced the contractility of mesenteric lymphatics following HS in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, ICI 182,780 (ERα and ERβ selective inhibitor) and G-15 (GPR30-selective inhibitor) partly abolished the beneficial effects of E2. Furthermore, ERS agonist XCT-790 abolished the beneficial effects of E2, PPT, DPN, and G-1 on lymphatic contractility. Additionally, E2, PPT, DPN, and G-1 inhibited ERS, and thus ameliorate ERS agonist tunicamycin-induced hypo-contractility in primary LSMCs. Taken together, the data indicates that E2 promotes the lymphatic contractility after HS by inhibiting ERS and estrogen receptor activation mediates the beneficial effect of E2.
Formação de instrutores/as de trânsito e de condutores/as de veículos: uma proposta para EJA e Proeja
Authors: Camillo Eliane Juraski , Kuhn Valdecir 
Published: June 2023

A partir de pesquisa de campo, em que foram produzidas informações sobre o perfil acadêmico e a capacitação pedagógica de instrutores de trânsito dos Centros de Formação de Condutores da Região Metropolitana do Extremo-Oeste de Santa Catarina, o presente estudo discute a importância do domínio de conhecimentos de didática, métodos e técnicas de ensino-aprendizagem e o processo de avaliação para a qualidade e eficiência na formação de condutores para o trânsito brasileiro. Concepções pedagógicas de vertente socioconstrutivista servem de base à reflexão. O estudo não esgota o tema, no entanto, vai além da ótica de educação para o trânsito. Busca incentivar o aprofundamento da discussão acerca do modelo de formação de condutores atual diante do crescente indicador anual de vítimas fatais no trânsito. Finalmente, visando a contribuir com alternativas práticas, apresenta proposta para a instituição do curso de formação teórica de condutores como disciplina extracurricular, concomitante ao Ensino Médio, na modalidade Educação de Jovens e Adultos, curso já regulamentado pelo Conselho Nacional de Trânsito, considerado viável diante das demais legislações pertinentes à educação.
Palavras-chave: Educação. Trabalho. Formação de instrutores/as e condutores/as de trânsito. Currículo.
LncRNA SNHG25 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes Progression in
Osteosarcoma via the miR-497-5p/SOX4 Axis
Authors: Wan Ningjun , Liu Qiang , Shi Jiandang , Wang Siliang 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Osteosarcoma is a disease that primarily affects adolescents with skeletal
immaturity. LncRNAs are abnormally expressed and correlated with osteosarcoma patients' prognosis.
We identified aberrant expression of LncRNA SNHG25 (small nucleolar RNA host gene 25)
in osteosarcoma and analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which it regulates osteosarcoma progression.

Methods:
The expression levels of SNHG25 in tumour specimens and cells were measured by RTqPCR.
Loss-of-function assays were conducted to investigate the functional role of SNHG25 in
vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatic predictions, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and western blotting
were performed to explore the possible underlying mechanisms.

Results:
SNHG25 was highly expressed in osteosarcoma cells and tissues. The Kaplan–Meier
curve showed that the survival rate of patients with high SNHG25 expression was significantly
lower than those with low SNHG25 expression. Functional studies have indicated that inhibition of
SNHG25 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis.
SNHG25 knockdown suppresses osteosarcoma tumour growth in vivo. SNHG25 functions as a
sponge for miR-497-5p in osteosarcoma cells. The level of SNHG25 was negatively correlated
with that of miR-497-5p. The proliferation, invasion, and migration of osteosarcoma cells were
restored by transfection of the miR-497-5p inhibitor in the SNHG25 knockdown group

Conclusion:
SNHG25 was determined to function as an oncogene by promoting osteosarcoma cell
proliferation, invasion, and migration through the miR-497-5p/SOX4 axis. Upregulation of
SNHG25 expression indicated poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma, which showed that
SNHG25 may serve as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in osteosarcoma.
Naloxone Effects Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania
major Strain MRHO/IR/75/ER in the BALB/c Mice
Authors: Azizi Hakim , Mahdavinik Elham , Hataminejad Maryam , Khamesipour Ali , Montazeri Sareh 
Published: June 2023

Introduction::
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a serious health problem in some parts of the world, such as Iran. Since the use of pentavalent antimonial compounds such as meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime, MA) for the treatment of CL has side effects, naloxone as a new treatment in the footpad of Leishmania major (L. major)-infected BALB/c mice was investigated by evaluating the lesion size and the parasite burden.

Method::
The animals were infected with L. major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). 40 BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups (10/group), and were treated as follows 39 days after L. major infection: Group 1 treated with intraperitoneal injections of MA (100 mg/kg, positive control group) daily for six weeks; Group 2 received a 100 μl injection of PBS (negative control group); Group 3 received subcutaneous (SC) injections of naloxone (10 mg/kg) daily for six weeks (Naloxone1), and Group 4 was SC injected with naloxone (10 mg/kg) weekly for six weeks (Naloxone2). The lesion size was measured using a digital caliper.

Result::
After the end of treatment, the lesion parasite burden was evaluated. As compared to the negative control group, the groups that received MA and naloxone (groups 1, 3, and 4) showed fewer parasites.

Conclusion::
Also, the naloxone-treated mice showed significantly smaller lesion sizes than the negative control group (p˂0.05), but they did not differ significantly from the MA-treated mice. Taken together, the results suggest that naloxone might be a promising and alternative treatment for CL.
Evaluation of BRAF Mutations in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in
the East of Iran
Authors: Serki Elham , Mansouri Atena , Malekaneh Mohammad , Naseri Mohsen 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Several genetic alterations in cell growth regulatory genes, such as
BRAF, are associated with colorectal cancer. Due to the introduction of biological agents
designed to treat cancer, diagnostic tests using nucleic acids extracted from formalin-fixed
and paraffin-embedded tissues are becoming more common.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the incidence of BRAF mutations in colorectal
cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
50 paraffin-embedded cancer specimens were obtained from Imam
Reza Hospital of Birjand in Iran. PCR was used to amplify and sequence the BRAF gene
exon 15, which was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue using an improved technique.

Results:
2/43 (4%) of patients with colorectal cancer exhibited the BEAF V600E mutation.
Most of the mutations occurred in patients over 50 years of age.

Conclusion:
To understand how genetics and environment interact to influence the low incidence
of BRAF mutations in the east of Iran, further research is needed to determine what
is driving this low incidence of BRAF mutations and what factors contribute to it.
The Role of the most Important Fruits in the Prevention and Treatment of
Cardiovascular Diseases in Persian Traditional Medicine
Authors: Abazari Mohammad , Gholoobi Arash , Derakhshan Ali Reza , Saeedinejat Shahin , Yousefi Mahdi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of health problems worldwide.
CVD are defined as conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. Mortality due to cardiovascular
diseases has increased in recent years. However, they can be easily controlled by reducing risk
factors, including lipid profile, blood pressure, tobacco, alcohol, and low physical activity. Fruits
have an important role in improving the risk factors of CVD. Ancient medical sources can play an
important role in generating ideas for new research. In this study, the most common fruits that have
been recommended by Persian traditional physicians in patients with CVD were reviewed. New
documents supporting these effects were also extracted through a search on electronic databases.
The findings showed that some fruits have a therapeutic role in CVD, according to Persian traditional
medicine. Old Persian traditional physicians, such as Avicenna, advised fruits, including apples,
lemon, pomegranate, pineapple, quince, cucumber, plums, and citron, for the treatment of
CVDs. Several studies have been carried out on the effects of the above fruits, including apple (Malus
pumila), pomegranate (Punica granatum), pineapple (Ananas comosus), Quince (Cydonia oblonga
Mill.), fig (Ficus carica L.), and olive (Olea europaea). Modulation of signaling pathways
and molecular properties that leads to reducing lipid metabolism disorders, correcting endothelial
dysfunction, reducing blood pressure, reducing oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammation responses
are the major mechanisms conducted by these fruits in preventing CVD. These pieces of
evidence show that the opinion of Iranian medicine physicians regarding choosing fruits for treating
CVD is worthy of consideration and an entry for deriving hypotheses for future studies.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of
Tenofovir and Emtricitabine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Rao Pallepogu Venkateswara , Rao Naidu Srinivasa 
Published: June 2023

Background:
A novel, simple, efficient, rapid, and precise reverse-phase highperformance
liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the estimation of
Tenofovir and Emtricitabine in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The currently developed
method was subsequently validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, accuracy,
precision, the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, robustness, etc.

Methods:
The separation of the selected drugs was optimized after several trials including change
of mobile phase and its composition, stationary phase, flow rate, column temperature, etc. The
separation was performed by using an Inertsil ODS C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5μ) and UV
absorption was measured at 231 nm. Methanol: Acetonitrile: Water was selected as the mobile
phase in the ratio of 50:20:30 (V/V/V) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. As per International Conference
on Harmonization (ICH) Q2 R1 guidelines, several validation parameters were evaluated
which include specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit
of quantitation (LOQ).

Results:
The acceptable degree of linearity range was found to be 40-100 μg/mL. The standard solution
exhibited retention times of 3.06 minutes and 5.07 minutes for Tenofovir and Emtricitabine respectively.
The LOD and LOQ obtained were 0.05 μg/ml and 0.02 μg/mL, 15 μg/mL, and 0.08 μg/mL for
Tenofovir and Emtricitabine respectively. The percent recovery was found to be 98 to 102%.

Conclusion:
Hence, the proposed method is simple, selective, and specifically meets the requirements
of ICH guidelines for the validation of the analytical method.