bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translations, translocations, and pluralism: A transnational and multilingual analysis of the circulation of radical geographical knowledge
Authors: Ferretti Federico 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBased on recently opened multilingual archives, this paper addresses relationally three transnational cases of early networking for critical and radical geography that took place in different countries and languages between the 1970s and the 1980s. Addressing materials from the Union of Socialist Geographers (USG, North America and around, 1974–1982), the Unión de Geógrafos Progresistas de México (UGPM, Mexico [involving Latin America], 1978–1990), and Geografia Democratica (GD, Italy [involving France], 1976–1981), it extends scholarship on translation, translocation, and pluralistic bids to decolonise geography. It argues for considering transnational and multilingual analyses of the circulation of geographical knowledge as key to understanding translation as translocation, based on transcultural empathy. Far from being a mere linguistic matter, translation/translocation allows understanding elements of translatability and distinctiveness of concepts travelling from one place to another through complex and rarely linear trajectories. While these three cases show how problematic it is to translate adjectives such as ‘radical’ and ‘critical’ across national, linguistic, and cultural barriers, they also expose how there is no standard or unique application of these definitions to geography, which does not impede putting distinct experiences in mutual and productive dialogues, including for today scholarly and activist agendas.
Evaluation of Complement‐Dependent Cytotoxicity Assays for Gene‐Edited Pig‐to‐Human Xenotransplantation
Authors: Feng Hao , Zhang Man , Xia Qiangbing , Du Jiaxiang , Li Tao , Chen Song , Wang Yi , Pan Dengke , Zhu Lan , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGene‐edited pigs for xenotransplantation usually contain one or more transgenes encoding human complement regulatory proteins (CRPs). Because of species differences, human CRP(s) expressed in gene‐edited pigs may have difficulty inhibiting the activation of exogenous rabbit complement added to a complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay. The use of human complement instead of rabbit complement in CDC experiments may more accurately reflect the actual regulatory activity of human CRP(s).MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from one GTKO pig and two GTKO/hCD55 pigs with a high or low level of hCD55 expression. After incubation of heat‐inactivated normal human sera (HINHS) with porcine PBMCs, CDC levels were measured after the addition of commercial rabbit complement or human complement. In addition, a modified one‐step CDC method was established using pooled normal human sera (NHS) without the addition of exogenous complement.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the binding of IgM/IgG to PBMCs from the three pigs. Both rabbit and human complement mediated a significant cytotoxic effect on GTKO pig PBMCs (98.97% vs. 82.73%). Even the high expression of hCD55 only had a very limited inhibitory effect on rabbit complement‐mediated cytotoxicity (81.70% vs. 98.97%). However, regardless of whether the expression level was high or low, hCD55 had a very remarkable inhibitory effect on human complement‐mediated cytotoxicity (2.94% and 23.83% vs. 82.73%; p < 0.01). Similar results were obtained using the modified one‐step CDC method. In addition, the inhibitory effect of hCD55 on C3c and C5b‐9 deposition on pig PBMCs was positively correlated with the expression level of hCD55.ConclusionThe use of human complement instead of rabbit complement in CDC assays can better reflect the actual cytotoxic effect of human xenoantibodies against pig PBMCs expressing human CRP(s), and thus may have potential application to gene‐edited pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation.
On the dynamics of bubbles passing through a sand bed layer
Authors: Behzadipour Arsalan , Azimi Amir 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present research paper reports the outcomes of an extensive laboratory investigation examining the effects of grain size and air discharge on bubble dynamics of bubble plumes passing through a sand bed layer. The effects of sand layer thickness and grain size on bubble characteristics such as bubble size, bubble concentration and velocity, and interfacial area within bubble plumes are studied for a wide range of air discharges. The experiments revealed 58% reduction on the mode bubble size when the sand bed thickness increased from 33 to 66 times of the nozzle diameter. The distribution of bubble size along the main axis of the plume indicated a linear correlation while bubble size distribution became more uniform with relatively smaller bubbles when air passes through a sand bed layer. A sand bed layer significantly improved the formation of uniform bubbly flow with relatively smaller bubbles sizes. Moreover, an increase in the thickness of sand bed layer reduced the mean bubble velocity and consequently extended the residence time of bubbles. Non-linear correlations were observed between particle size and bubble velocity and empirical correlations were formulated to estimate mean bubble diameter and bubble velocity for different bed particle sizes and initial air discharges. The frequency of bubbles increased with increasing air discharge and the sand bed layer almost doubled the frequency of bubbles. The interfacial area of bubbles, which is an indicator of the contact surface between air and water, increased by approximately 32% when the initial Reynolds number doubled.
A Novel Active Learning Kriging-Based Reliability Analysis Method for Aero-Engine Gear
Authors: Qian Hua-Ming , Huang Haoliang , Li Yan-Feng , Zeng Ying , Huang Hong-Zhong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes the active learning Kriging (ALK)-based reliability method for high-cycle fatigue reliability analysis of aero-engine gears. Uncertainties to affect the reliability of aero-engine gears are quantified with random variables, and the finite element simulation model of gears is refined to align with experimental data. Based on the Basquin equation, the S–N curve of the gear is fitted to the stress–life data obtained from experiments. The stress under given loads is obtained through simulation, and the corresponding life is derived from the S–N curve. Using the given permissible lifespan, the limit state function for gear fatigue reliability analysis is established. This function is then approximated using an active learning surrogate model, and the probability of failure is subsequently estimated. Furthermore, to enhance computational efficiency and accuracy, this paper reviews the origin of active learning strategy and defines an improvement function aimed at structural reliability analysis by drawing an analogy to the derivation process of the expected improvement (EI) learning function in the efficient global optimization (EGO) algorithm. Consequently, a novel learning function for active learning Kriging-based reliability analysis is derived. The application of this method to aero-engine gears made of 17CrNiMo6 steel verifies that it effectively enhances the efficiency of fatigue reliability analysis under ensuring a certain accuracy.
Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Novel Vortex Ribs in a Rotating Channel
Authors: Xu Chao , Chen Jianian , Rao Yu , Luan Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of a novel Vortex rib in a cooling channel have been studied both experimentally and numerically under the Reynolds numbers from 10,000 to 80,000 and rotation numbers from 0 to 0.385. The Vortex rib is proposed by combining W-rib and W-patterned oblong dimple. Compared with the W-rib, the Vortex rib enhances heat transfer by up to 11.4% (Re = 10,000 and Ro = 0.31) while reducing the pressure loss by up to 18.7% (Re = 32,000 and Ro = 0) under non-rotating and rotating conditions. Compared to the W-patterned oblong dimple, the heat transfer of the Vortex rib increases by up to 47.9%. The heat transfer dead zones are significantly improved by near-wall vortex induced by Vortex rib. The Vortex rib can appreciably reduce the turbulent mixing intensity in the mainstream of the cooling fluid but keep the near-wall high turbulent mixing intensity, guaranteeing the turbulent heat transport capacity. Thus, the heat transfer can be improved while maintaining the pressure loss in the channel.
Technical Basis for Revising the Fatigue Crack Growth Rates for Ferritic Steels in the ASME Code Section XI
Authors: Hasegawa Kunio , Yamaguchi Yoshihito , Udyawar Anees 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fatigue crack growth thresholds ΔKth and reference fatigue crack growth rate da/dN curves for ferritic steels in air environment are provided in Appendix Y of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section XI. Therein, ΔKth and da/dN are expressed as a function of stress ratio R; however, the R is not explicit, when R is negative. The thresholds ΔKth are given as constant values for negative R, and the definition of ΔKth is ambiguous. In addition, the ASME provides three equations for da/dN under negative R; however, the boundary between the three equations is not technically known. Thus, the dependency of da/dN on negative R is not well understood. Herein, revised ΔKth values for negative R are provided based on experimental data, and a new boundary between the two equations for da/dN is defined using crack opening behavior and the R dependency of da/dN based on a literature survey.
Veterans’ Motivation, Preference, and Feedback After Completing a Novel Physical Therapy Treatment
Authors: Ogawa Elisa F. , Harris Rebekah , Moye Jennifer , Bean Jonathan F. , Kim Bo 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study evaluated Veterans’ motivation and perception of different components of a novel physical therapy (PT) treatment aimed at increasing mobility, motivation, and exercise adoption. Methods: Patient-satisfaction surveys were administered to middle-aged to older Veterans (≥50 years old) with slow walking speed who completed the 8-week PT treatment. Mixed methods were employed to assess rating-based responses and examine themes derived from open-ended responses. Results: Twenty-three participants completed the surveys (mean age: 73 years, Short Physical Performance Battery: 8.5, 96% male). Overall, participants were satisfied with the PT treatment (80%), and over 85% responded that the PT treatment met its objectives by improving their mobility. Veterans rated functional power training as challenging and the most valuable component of Live Long Walk Strong mobility training. Factors that influenced Veterans’ motivations for meeting their exercise goals, were having a personal goal, a motivated physical therapist, and scheduled appointments. Participants rated aspects of behavioral coaching to be “somewhat useful” or “very useful.” Approximately half of the Veterans did not use the exercise journal to keep track of their home exercises. Reasons for not using the exercise journal were feeling busy or already having an exercise routine. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of prescribing challenging and meaningful PT treatment even among mobility-limited Veterans. Veterans may achieve their exercise goals by being instructed by a motivated physical therapist, having personal goals, and scheduling future appointments. There may be individual variability among those who may benefit from aspects of behavioral coaching and may need to be adjusted based on Veteran’s needs.
Early Surgical Treatment of Posttraumatic Myositis Ossificans of the Vastus Intermedius Muscle
Authors: Kalebić Pave , Šegulja Silvije , Miletić Bojan , Vlahović Hrvoje , Starčević-Klasan Gordana 
Published: January 2025

Context: This case study demonstrates the effectiveness of early surgical excision of the traumatic myositis ossificans of the vastus intermedius muscle in an elite football player and return to sports activity within 3 months from the initial injury. Case presentation: A 27-year-old male professional football player presented with progressive pain and loss of range of motion after sustaining a severe, right quadriceps contusion 4 weeks earlier. After unsuccessful conservative therapy, the differential diagnosis of myositis ossificans was suspected and confirmed on radiographic examination. MRI revealed significant edema encompassing a substantial portion of the vastus intermedius muscle. Management and outcomes: Surgical treatment was considered for the right thigh mass, being symptomatic 1 month after the onset and refractory to conservative treatment and rehabilitation program. At 2 months postsurgery, the patient was asymptomatic and had completed a rehabilitation program. Conclusion: Early surgical treatment followed-up with a rehabilitation program results with a complete recovery of muscle strength and range of motion. At 3 months postinitial injury, the patient was considered fully recovered and had returned to the match without reporting pain or other symptoms.
Magnetic reconnection and energy extraction from a Konoplya–Zhidenko rotating non-Kerr black hole
Authors: Long Fen , Wang Shangyun , Chen Songbai , Jing Jiliang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recently, magnetic reconnection has attracted considerable attention as a novel energy extraction mechanism, relying on the rapid reconnection of magnetic field lines within the ergosphere. We have investigated the properties of the energy extraction via magnetic reconnection in a Konoplya–Zhidenko rotating non-Kerr black hole spacetime with an extra deformation parameter. Our results show that the positive deformation parameter expands the possible region of energy extraction and improves the maximum power, maximum efficiency, and the maximum ratio of energy extraction between magnetic reconnection and the Blandford–Znajek process. This means that in the Konoplya–Zhidenko rotating non-Kerr black hole spacetime one can extract more energy via magnetic reconnection than in the Kerr black hole case. These effects of the deformation parameter may provide valuable clues for future astronomical observations of black holes and verification of gravity theories.
Motion of fast and superfast domain walls during polarization reversal in crystals of lithium niobate family
Authors: Kipenko I. A. , Akhmatkhanov A. R. , Shur V. Ya. 
Published: January 2025

We have studied the kinetics of domain walls in lithium niobate (LN) crystals with stoichiometric and magnesium oxide doped compositions. We have analyzed the kinetic maps of the switching process to separate the main types of domain walls, their relative input and their field- and orientation-velocity dependence. All obtained domain walls were divided into three groups characterized by orientations and velocity: “slow walls”, “fast walls” and “superfast walls”. The dominant role of the fast and superfast walls in the switching process in the whole field range for studied crystals was revealed. The measured kinetic Wulff plot demonstrates the six-fold symmetry for the slow walls and three-fold symmetry for fast and superfast walls. The measured field dependencies of slow, fast and superfast domain wall velocities in all studied crystals were analyzed using two alternative approaches by linear and exponential fittings. The obtained wall orientations were attributed to the wall structure, characterized by averaged step length (kink concentration). It is shown that the mobilities of all types of walls in stoichiometric LN are several orders of magnitude higher than in doped crystals. In contrast, the threshold fields demonstrate a pronounced dependence on composition, which was attributed to dependence on the deviation from the stoichiometry and the healing role of the doping by MgO. Detailed studies of the kinetics of domain walls of various orientations in the main representatives of the LN family are important for further development of domain engineering methods for creation of the nonlinear optical frequency conversion devices.
Freezing-based Memory and Process Co-design for User Experience on Resource-limited Mobile Devices
Authors: Li Changlong , Zongwei Zhu , Yu Liang , Xuehai Zhou 
Published: January 2025

Mobile devices with limited resources are prevalent as they have a relatively low price. Providing a good user experience with limited resources has been a big challenge. This paper found that foreground applications are often unexpectedly interfered by background applications’ memory activities. Improving user experience on resource-limited mobile devices calls for a strong collaboration between memory and process management. This paper proposes a framework, Ice, to optimize the user experience on resource-limited mobile devices. With Ice, processes that will cause frequent refaults in the background are identified and frozen accordingly. The frozen application will be thawed when memory condition allows. Based on the proposed Ice, this paper shows that the refault can be further reduced by revisiting the LRU lists in the original kernel with app-freezing awareness (called Ice
+
). Evaluation of resource-limited mobile devices demonstrates that the user experience is effectively improved with Ice. Specifically, Ice boosts the frame rate by 1.57x on average over the state-of-the-art. The frame rate is further enhanced by 5.14% on average with Ice
+
.
Minimum 24-Month Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Paratenon Protection Repair vs Open Giftbox Repair of Ruptured Achilles Tendon
Authors: Yan Xujie , Yue Jixian , Zeng Xinqi , Xu Tonglong , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Wencheng , Zhao Gang , Mi Jingyi , Rui Yongjun , Liu Shen , Tian Jian 
Published: January 2025

Background: The paratenon has been shown to promote Achilles tendon healing, but the evidence supporting the role of paratenon protection technique in Achilles tendon repair is sparse. We retrospectively assessed the results of a paratenon-sparing repair technique vs an open giftbox repair of Achilles tendon ruptures. Methods: Patients with Achilles tendon rupture who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital between January 2015 and August 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 61 patients underwent surgical repair using the minimally invasive paratenon protection technique (MI group) and 67 patients using the open repair giftbox technique (OR group). The postoperative rehabilitation protocol was identical in both groups. The operation time, complication rate, length and cross-sectional area (CSA) of Achilles tendon, shear wave elastography (SWE), CSA of the calf triceps muscle, isokinetic strength, Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), and the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) score were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The average follow-up time was 40.0 ± 10.2 months. The operation time and complication rate in the MI group were significantly lower than in the OR group ( P < .001, P = .031). The ATRS score ( P = .015), VISA-A score ( P = .002), isokinetic strength (60 degrees/second: P = .006; 180 degrees/second: P = .036), SWE values ( P = .007), and CSA of Achilles tendon ( P = .043) in the MI group were significantly higher than the OR group. SWE values were significantly positively correlated with the ATRS score ( r = 0.294, P < .001) and the VISA-A score ( r = 0.304, P < .001). And a significant negative correlation was found between Achilles tendon extension length and peak torque (60 degrees/second: r = −0.309, P < .001; 180 degrees/second: r = −0.218, P = .013). Conclusion: Compared with the open repair giftbox technique, the minimally invasive paratenon protection technique was associated with likely marginally clinically significant improved clinical outcome scores, greater isokinetic strength, and better mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon.
Upper cervical spinal cord atrophy in MS: Sex, menopause, and neurodegeneration
Authors: Zeydan Burcu , Son Jiye , Neyal Nur , Schwarz Christopher G , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Morrison Holly A , Nathoo Nabeela , Kantarci Kejal , Flanagan Eoin P , Port John D , Kantarci Orhun H 
Published: January 2025

Background: Spinal cord (SC) atrophy is a key imaging biomarker of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). Progressive MS is more common in men and postmenopausal women. Objective: Investigate the impact of sex and menopause on SC measurements in persons with MS (pwMS). Methods: In pwMS and age- and sex-matched controls, upper cervical SC area from brain MRI (UCCbrain) was obtained. Impact of sex and menopause on UCCbrain (adjusted for total intracranial volume) and its association with progression and disability, including MS functional composite (MSFC), were investigated. Results: UCCbrain was smaller in pwMS ( n = 118, 51.4 ± 5.3 mm2) than controls ( n = 118, 54.2 ± 4.4 mm2, p < 0.001) and inversely correlated with older age in pwMS ( r = −0.24, p = 0.010) but not in controls ( r = −0.025, p = 0.786). In 173 pwMS (413 brain MRIs), UCCbrain was smaller in men (49.5 ± 5.9 mm2) than women (51.6 ± 5.5 mm2, p = 0.001), postmenopausal women (49.4 ± 5.6 mm2) than premenopausal women (52.9 ± 4.1 mm2, p < 0.001), and progressive (47.5 ± 5.6 mm2) than relapsing MS (52.1 ± 5.2 mm2, p < 0.001). UCCbrain also correlated with disease duration ( r = −0.39, p < 0.001), 9-hole peg test ( r = −0.26, p = 0.005), and severe ambulatory disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale ⩾6) ( r = −0.27, p < 0.001). Conclusion: UCCbrain, a biomarker of progressive MS, is inversely associated with age, disease duration, male sex, and menopause, highlighting the potential impact of sex and hormones on neurodegeneration in MS.
Ipsilateral concomitant fractures of the clavicle and coracoid process of the scapula: incidence, characteristics, and outcomes
Authors: Zhang Nan , Bai Guoyang , Kang Xiaomin , Zhu Yangjun , Feng Dongxu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Clavicle fractures associated with ipsilateral coracoid process fractures are very rare, with limited literature reporting only a few cases. This study reports on 27 patients with ipsilateral concomitant fractures of the clavicle and coracoid process who were followed for more than 12 months.

Material and methods
This retrospective study reviewed the charts of skeletally mature patients with traumatic ipsilateral clavicle and coracoid process fractures treated at the authors’ institution. Each patient was regularly followed post-treatment. Radiographs assessed bone union and implant integrity, while clinical evaluations included the Constant–Murley score for shoulder function; disability of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire for upper limb function; and visual analog scale score for pain. Complications were also recorded.

Results
From October 2012 to February 2023, 40 patients were diagnosed with ipsilateral fractures of the clavicle and coracoid process of the scapula, accounting for 1.4% (40/2877) of all clavicle fractures and 5.2% (40/786) of all scapular fractures. This study included 27 patients with follow-up exceeding 12 months: 6 had medial-third clavicle fractures, 12 had middle-third fractures, and 9 had distal-third fractures. According to Eyres’ classification, the coracoid fractures included two type I, five type II, eight type III, seven type IV, and five type V fractures. Twenty-two patients received operative treatment, with clavicle fractures fixed with internal plating and 11 coracoid fractures with internal fixation. Bone union was achieved in all patients. The mean Constant–Murley score was 91.2 ± 9.4 and the mean DASH score was 6.4 ± 7.6. Five patients reported mild shoulder pain and five patients developed complications.

Conclusions
Ipsilateral concomitant fractures of the clavicle and coracoid process can occur at various clavicle locations, with shaft and medial fractures more common than previously thought. Displaced fractures can be effectively managed with operative treatment, and coracoid process fixation may not be necessary if satisfactory indirect reduction is achieved after clavicle fixation.

Level of evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.