bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact, low-cost, and broadband terahertz time-domain spectrometer
Authors: Couture Nicolas , Schlosser Jakob , Ahmed Akif , Wahbeh Mamoun , Best Garland , Gamouras Angela , Ménard Jean-Michel 
Published: May 2023

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is a powerful technique
that enables the characterization of a large range of bulk materials,
devices, and products. Although this technique has been increasingly
used in research and industry, the standard THz-TDS configuration
relying on the use of a near-infrared (NIR) laser source remains
experimentally complex and relatively costly, impeding its
availability to those without the expertise to build a
high-performance setup based on nonlinear optics or without the
financial means to acquire a commercial unit. Broadband THz-TDS
systems require an even larger financial investment, primarily because
the generation and detection of spectral components exceeding
3 THz typically need an ultrafast NIR source delivering
sub-100-fs pulses. Such an ultrafast source can be bulky and cost
upwards of $100,000. Here, we present a broadband,
compact, and portable THz-TDS system comprising three modules that
allow for the implementation of a single low-cost ultrafast laser,
hence significantly decreasing the overall cost of the system. In the
first module, the output laser pulses are spectrally broadened through
nonlinear propagation in a polarization-maintaining optical fiber and
then temporally compressed to achieve a higher peak power. The other
two modules utilize thick nonlinear crystals with periodically
patterned surfaces that diffract NIR pulses and optimize the
efficiency of THz generation and detection processes by enabling a
noncollinear beam geometry. Phase-matching conditions in the nonlinear
crystals are controlled by the period of the gratings to gain access
to a large spectral THz bandwidth. The whole system, combining these
three modules, provides access to a THz spectrum peaking at
3.5 THz and extending beyond 6 THz with a maximum
dynamic range of 50 dB for time-resolved spectroscopy
applications. We demonstrate the functionality of this configuration
by performing THz spectroscopy measurements of water vapor contained
within a closed cell. Our compact system design paves the way towards
a high-performance, yet cost-effective, THz-TDS system that can be
readily used in academia and industry.
The impact of war on HIV/AIDS service provision: In rural health facilities of Tigray, northern Ethiopia, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Weledegebriel Migbnesh Gebremedhin , Abebe Haftom Temesgen , Gidey Kidu , Bisrat Haileselassie , Gebru Tekae , Tsegay Niguse , Abera Bisrat Tesfay , Gebremeskel Hailay , Asmerom Demoze , Gebreweld Angesom , Miruts Fikadu , Wasihun Araya Gebreyesus , Hagos Kiflom , Gebrehiwet Tesfay Gebregzabher 
Published: May 2023

Back ground
HIV/AIDS remained among the common public health problems in developing country. Despite the extensive delivery of ART and improved coverage of the service access, still, man-made problems like war have negatively influenced the utilization of antiretroviral treatment services. The war in Tigray Region in the northern Ethiopia broke out in November 2020 and thereby has brought about an extreme damage on most of the infrastructure in Tigray, including the health institutions. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to assess and report the trend of HIV service provision across the war affected rural health facilities in Tigray.

Methods
The study was conducted in 33 rural health facilities during the active war in Tigray. A facility based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among health facilities from July 03 to August 05, 2021.

Result
A total of 33 health facilities from 25 rural districts were included in the HIV service delivery assessment. A total of 3274 and 3298 HIV patients were seen during pre-war period in September and October 2020, respectively. The number of follow-up patients during the war period in January remained to be only 847(25%) which is significantly reduced with a P value<0.001. A similar trend was observed during the subsequent months until May. The trend of follow-up patients on ART significantly declined from 1940 in September (pre-war) to 331(16.6%) in May (during the war). This study also revealed a 95.5% reduction of laboratory service provision to HIV/AIDS patients during the war in January and with similar trends thereafter (P<0.001).

Conclusion
The war has led to a significant decline of HIV service provision in the rural health facilities and most part of the region during the first eight months of active war in Tigray.
Dietary magnesium intakes among women of reproductive age in Ghana—A comparison of two dietary analysis programs
Authors: Bentil Helena J. , Adu-Afarwuah Seth , Rossi Joseph S. , Tovar Alison , Oaks Brietta M. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Despite the importance of magnesium to health and most importantly to women of reproductive age who are entering pregnancy, very few surveys have investigated the magnesium status of women of reproductive age, particularly in Africa. Additionally, the software and programs used to analyze dietary intake vary across countries in the region.

Objective
To assess the dietary magnesium intake of women of reproductive age in Ghana and to compare the estimate of magnesium intake obtained from two commonly used dietary analysis programs.

Methods
We collected magnesium intake from 63 Ghanaian women using a semiquantitative 150-item food frequency questionnaire. Dietary data was analyzed using two different dietary analysis programs, Nutrient Data Software for Research (NDSR) and the Elizabeth Stewart Hands and Associates (ESHA) Food Processor Nutrition Analysis software. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank test to compare the mean differences between the two dietary programs.

Results
There were significant differences between the average dietary magnesium intake calculated by the two dietary programs, with ESHA estimating higher magnesium intake than NDSR (M±SE; ESHA: 200 ± 12 mg/day; NDSR: 168 ± 11 mg/day; p<0. 05). The ESHA database included some ethnic foods and was flexible in terms of searching for food items which we found to be more accurate in assessing the magnesium intake of women in Ghana. Using the ESHA software, 84% of the study women had intake below the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) of 320mg/day.

Conclusion
It is possible that the ESHA software provided an accurate estimate of magnesium in this population because it included specific ethnic foods. Concerted efforts such as magnesium supplementation and nutrition education should be considered to improve the magnesium intake of women of reproductive age in Ghana.
A deep learning-based application for COVID-19 diagnosis on CT: The Imaging COVID-19 AI initiative
Authors: Topff Laurens , Sánchez-García José , López-González Rafael , Pastor Ana Jiménez , Visser Jacob J. , Huisman Merel , Guiot Julien , Beets-Tan Regina G. H. , Alberich-Bayarri Angel , Fuster-Matanzo Almudena , Ranschaert Erik R. ,   on behalf of the Imaging COVID-19 AI initiative
Published: May 2023

Background
Recently, artificial intelligence (AI)-based applications for chest imaging have emerged as potential tools to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objectives
To develop a deep learning-based clinical decision support system for automatic diagnosis of COVID-19 on chest CT scans. Secondarily, to develop a complementary segmentation tool to assess the extent of lung involvement and measure disease severity.

Methods
The Imaging COVID-19 AI initiative was formed to conduct a retrospective multicentre cohort study including 20 institutions from seven different European countries. Patients with suspected or known COVID-19 who underwent a chest CT were included. The dataset was split on the institution-level to allow external evaluation. Data annotation was performed by 34 radiologists/radiology residents and included quality control measures. A multi-class classification model was created using a custom 3D convolutional neural network. For the segmentation task, a UNET-like architecture with a backbone Residual Network (ResNet-34) was selected.

Results
A total of 2,802 CT scans were included (2,667 unique patients, mean [standard deviation] age = 64.6 [16.2] years, male/female ratio 1.3:1). The distribution of classes (COVID-19/Other type of pulmonary infection/No imaging signs of infection) was 1,490 (53.2%), 402 (14.3%), and 910 (32.5%), respectively. On the external test dataset, the diagnostic multiclassification model yielded high micro-average and macro-average AUC values (0.93 and 0.91, respectively). The model provided the likelihood of COVID-19 vs other cases with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 94%. The segmentation performance was moderate with Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.59. An imaging analysis pipeline was developed that returned a quantitative report to the user.

Conclusion
We developed a deep learning-based clinical decision support system that could become an efficient concurrent reading tool to assist clinicians, utilising a newly created European dataset including more than 2,800 CT scans.
Salivary and serum periostin in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem , Amiri Mahrokh , Panahi Ghodratollah , Khatami Fatemeh , Dehghani Sanaz , Moosavi Mahdieh-Sadat 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment includes dialysis and kidney transplantation. Transplant rejection is a major barrier to transplant success. One of the markers mentioned in previous studies on renal function in patients with renal failure for various reasons is periostin (POSTN). The expression of POSTN correlates with interstitial fibrosis and reduced renal function. One of the limitations in this regard is the effect of oral lesions on the POSTN level. This study was conducted aimed to measure the relationship between salivary and serum POSTN and renal function in patients with a history of a kidney transplant, taking into account all the conditions affecting POSTN.

Methods
In this study, serum and saliva samples were taken from 23 transplant patients with normal function (NF) and 29 transplant patients with graft failure (GF). At least one year had passed since the transplant. Before sampling, a complete oral examination was performed. Salivary and serum POSTN was examined by ELISA. The results were analyzed by SPSS software.

Results
The POSTN level in the serum of the NF group (191.00 ± 33.42) was higher than GF patients (178.71 ± 25.68), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.30). Salivary POSTN in NF patients (2.76 ± 0.35) was significantly higher than GF patients (2.44 ± 0.60) (P = 0.01).

Conclusions
The superiority of saliva as a diagnostic fluid includes ease of collection and storage, and non-invasiveness, all of which can lead to the replacement of blood with this bio-fluid. The significant results of salivary POSTN may be due to the lack of serum disturbing factors. Saliva is an ultra-filtered fluid from serum and therefore there are fewer proteins and polysaccharides attached to biomarkers in saliva and the accuracy of measuring these biomarkers in the saliva is more valuable than serum.
DigiNaka: Subaltern Politics and Digital Media in Post-Capitalist India, Anjali Monteiro, K. P. Jayasankar and Amit S. Rai (Eds) (2020)
Authors: Wadhwa Soni 
Published: May 2023

Review of: DigiNaka: Subaltern Politics and Digital Media in Post-Capitalist India, Anjali Monteiro, K. P. Jayasankar and Amit S. Rai (Eds) (2020)
Hyderabad: Orient Black Swan, 276 pp.,
ISBN 978-9-35287-906-9, p/bk, ₹695
Evaluation of Interrater Agreement in Determining the Prevalence of Iatrogenic Factors as a Graduation Project
Authors: Elif Çoker  , Öznur Sariyilmaz  , Raif Alan  
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
A healthy periodontium forms the basis of an aesthetic and functional dentition. Due to the reciprocal dynamic relationship between restorative dentistry and periodontal health, iatrogenic factors arising from restorative procedures are likely to have a negative effect on the periodontium. Awareness of these factors among dentistry students can lead to more progress in taking precautions and being careful against iatrogenic factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate failures in restorative treatments using panoramic radiographs as a graduation project.
METHODS
A total of 2622 PRs were randomly screened. After applying the exclusion criteria, 776 digital images containing at least one iatrogenic factor were analyzed. The measurement of the interrater agreement was calculated using Cohen's kappa coefficient.
RESULTS
This study included a sample size of 776 patients aged 18-85 years (435 females and 341 males). Most of the patients were in their 40s (27,45%). A total of 1662 treated teeth containing iatrogenic factors that may have possible negative effects on the periodontium were analyzed. Most of the teeth with improper restoration margins were more common in the maxillary molar region and also had bone loss. In addition, among the iatrogenic factors associated with endodontic treatment, inadequate root canal filling was observed the most, while perforation was the least. Interrater agreements were recorded at statistically significant levels of perfect, substantial and fair.
CONCLUSIONS
It is of great importance for dental students to increase their awareness by evaluating iatrogenic factors clinically and radiographically before graduation. Students also have the opportunity to test their knowledge, attitudes and skills that will be required after graduation, together with the academicians assigned to them as supervisors for the graduation projects.
Duração de teste de germinação de Parapiptadenia blanchetii (Benth.) Vaz & M. P. Lima
Authors: RIBEIRO DE SOUZA EDIMARA , OLIVEIRA DE SOUZA MANUELA , PEREIRA AMORIM SANTOS JIOVANA , DA SILVA CARVALHO EDVÂNIA , VITA REIS MENDONÇA ANDREA 
Published: May 2023

Os testes de germinação são ferramentas indispensáveis na caracterização de lotes de sementes. Entretanto, não há prescrição para condução do teste de germinação para sementes de Parapiptadenia blanchetii (Benth.). As informações a respeito da espécie são limitadas a taxonomia e área de distribuição. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a duração do teste de germinação para sementes de P. blanchetii, com emprego de regressão segmentada. O experimento foi conduzido nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C, e quatro repetições de 25 sementes. A curva de germinação foi ajustada por modelos de regressão response-platô: linear segmentado com platô (MPL) e o quadrático segmentado com platô (MPQ). Para a germinação, o MPQ apresentou o melhor ajuste a 20 °C e 25 °C. No entanto, nas temperaturas de 30 °C e 35 °C o desempenho dos dois modelos foi semelhante. Para a formação de plântulas normais o melhor ajuste dos dados foi no MPQ nas temperaturas de 25 °C e 30 °C, nas demais temperaturas o MPL apresentou melhor desempenho. A duração dos testes de germinação depende do critério de germinação e da temperatura. Para os testes de germinação, realizados em temperaturas de 30 °C ou 35 °C, ao adotar a protrusão radicular como critério de germinação, recomenda-se única contagem no quarto dia após a semeadura. Para avaliar a formação de plântulas normais, sugere-se primeira e segunda contagem, aos seis e nove dias.
Dialektika Islam dan Budaya: Studi Kasus Problematika Islam dan Permasalahan Sosial Politik
Authors: Abdurrahman Landy Trisna 
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini akan mengkaji bagaimana penyelarasan pemahaman atas dalil-dalil (dogma normatif) Islam sebagai agama dan ajaran yang sempurna pada era kekinian melalui dialektika dengan budaya dan kondisi tatanan sosial kekinian. Dan bagaimana formulasi reinterpretasi sikap beragama pemeluk agama Islam di Indonesia dalam rangka membumikan Islam yang bukan sekedar menjadi agama bagi pemeluknya, juga sebagai ajaran hidup untuk manusia. Untuk mengupas pembahasan ini, penulis menggunakan teori Internalisasi, Obyektivikasi, dan Eksternalisasi oleh Berger dan Luckman. Teori tiga proses konstruksi sosial ini dianggap penting, karena khususnya di Indonesia, Islam bukan saja menjadi agama, tetapi sudah menjadi agama yang membudaya. Hasil kajian ini menemukan bahwa problematika fenomena keagamaan yang kian dinamis di era kekinian menuntut Islam sebagai agama yang mencakup nilai-nilai universal hadir sebagai solusi. Tetapi masih banyak pemeluk agama Islam yang mengalami gagal paham dalam menghadirkan Islam sebagai solusi. Bahkan, menghadirkan wajah Islam sebagai sebuah masalah baru. Berimbas dari kontestasi antar kelompok/golongan/aliran/madzhab internal agama Islam, juga dengan pemeluk agama lain, yang sama-sama mengusung ego kebenaran masing-masing. Teori Konstruksi Sosial Berger menawarkan pembentukan ulang formulasi Islam yang terbarukan dan ramah terhadap perubahan budaya dan problematika; 1) Internalisasi; sebuah proses penguatan keyakinan (Iman) akan kebenaran yang dibawa oleh teks-teks normatif agama Islam. 2) Obyektivikasi; sebuah proses interaksi Islam sebagai agama, juga sebagai ilmu pengetahuan dengan kondisi sosial budaya pemeluknya. 3) Eksternalisasi. Sebuah proses penghasilan sikap dan tindakan yang selalu ramah dengan keragaman budaya lokal, tetapi juga tak sepenuhnya lepas dari teks normatif agama.
Hukum Pidana Perpajakan: Sanksi Pidana dalam Pajak Penghasilan Pribadi
Authors: Rosyda Farrah Syamala 
Published: May 2023

Tindak pidana perpajakan terdapat dua sanksi yaitu sanksi pidana dan sanksi administrasi. Tindak pidana perpajakan termasuk dalam hukum pidana khusus. Tata cara penyidikan dan penuntutannya berbeda dengan tindak pidana lainnya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dirumuskan apa saja pelanggaran yang menggunakan sanksi pidana dan mana yang menggunakan sanksi administrasi,Bagaimana penerapan sanksi pidana dan bagaimana tatacara penyidikan dan penuntutannya. Tujuan dirumuskan permasalahan agar mengetahui pelanggaran apa saja yang mendapatkan sanksi pidana dan bagaimana penerapannya serta mengetahui tatacara penyidikan dan penuntutannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan dokumentasi.Subyek penelitiannya adalah sanksi pidana dan obyeknya adalah pejabat pajak. Jalannya penelitian yang pertama melakukan ijin penelitian, persiapan kuisoner dan alat pengumpulan data lainnya.Pelaksanaan penelitian adalah wawancara dan pengumpulan data dokumen yang berasal dari buku-buku, Undang-undang dan data yang berasal dari internet.Analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mendapatkan data deskriptif analitis. Sanksi pidana dalam pajak penghasilan terdapat dalam Pasal 38-39A UU tentang Ketentuan Umum dan Tata Cara Perpajakan, meliputi antara lain tidak menyampaikan surat pemberitahuan atau menyampaikan surat pemberitahuan yang tidak benar, tidak mempunyai NPWP, menyalahgunakan NPWP, pemalsuan surat pemberitahuan, menolak untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan, tidak menyetorkan pajak yang telah dipotong atau dipungut. Kekhususan tata cara penyidikan dan penuntutan adalah penyidikan dilakukan oleh penyidik dari pejabat PNS direktori jenderal pajak.
Kelompok Minoritas LGBT di Aceh dalam Perspektif Keagamaan dan Kebangsaan
Authors: Rahmat Rahmat 
Published: May 2023

Tulisan ini menawarkan gagasan alternatif dalam perspektif keagamaan dan kebangsaan yang lebih komprehensif dan inklusif. Di Aceh, peraturan tersebut telah merusak hak privasi dan membuka intervensi terhadap hak-hak privasi seseorang. Ancaman hukuman cambuk dan denda hukuman tersebut sangat tidak manusiawi dan bahkan merendahkan martabat manusia. Praktik pengadilan Ditambah Mahkamah Syariat Aceh untuk kasus qanun jinayat dan tidak adanya akses bantuan hukum dan pembelaan hak-hak mereka di pengadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode kajian pustaka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mendalami masalah LGBT dalam perspektif kagamaan dan kebangsaan. Analisis ini peneliti menggunakan literatu-literatur baik buku, jurnal media online maupun media cetak yang relevan dengan masalah LGBT di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perspektif Islam, orang yang diciptakan dan memiliki ekpresi orientasi seksual yang berbeda sejak lahir tidak berdosa dan juga tidak boleh ada diskriminasi. Sementara orang yang memiliki perilaku seksual yang menyimpang dari kudratnya baik sebagai perempuan maupun laki-laki sangat dilarang oleh agama bahkan dapat dipidanakan secara konstitusional. Dalam rezim hukum Indonesia, beberapa regulasi baik secara normatif maupun substantif harus memberikan kepastian terhadap keamanan kebebasan bersama. Karena individu LGBT hidup di hampir semua aspek dunia, mereka sangat penting untuk budaya, identitas, dan agama tertentu. Mereka termasuk kelompok yang memiliki hak istimewa dan perlu diperhatikan. Namun di negara tertentu kelompok LGBT masih mengalami segregasi karena kepribadian dan arah seksual yang dinilai berbeda.
Simple 𝔰𝔩(V)-modules which are free over an abelian subalgebra
Authors: Nilsson Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Let

𝔭

{\mathfrak{p}}

be a parabolic subalgebra of

𝔰
⁢
𝔩
⁢

(
V
)

{\mathfrak{sl}(V)}

of maximal dimension
and let

𝔫
⊂
𝔭

{\mathfrak{n}\subset\mathfrak{p}}

be the corresponding nilradical. In this paper, we classify the set of

𝔰
⁢
𝔩
⁢

(
V
)

{\mathfrak{sl}(V)}

-modules whose restriction to

U
⁢

(
𝔫
)

{U(\mathfrak{n})}

is free of rank 1. It turns out that isomorphism classes of such modules are parametrized by polynomials in

dim
⁡
V

-
1

{\dim V-1}

variables. We determine the submodule structure for these modules and we show that they generically are simple.
Sharp constants for multilinear Hausdorff operators on local Morrey-type spaces
Authors: An Na , Wei Mingquan , Zhao Fayou 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of multilinear Hausdorff
operators on local Morrey-type spaces are obtained and
sharp constants are also given. As applications, we generalize our results
to some concrete operators derived from Hausdorff operators, such as the
Hardy operator and its dual operator, the weighted Hardy–Littlewood average, among others.
Faithful representations of the Galilean Lie algebra in two spatial dimensions
Authors: Wu Liang , Tan Youjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}be the Galilean Lie algebra in 2+1 space-times. It is known that there is no faithful representation of𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}given by derivations with homogeneous coefficients of degree 1 on the polynomial ringℝ⁢[x1,…,xn]{\mathbb{R}[x_{1},\dots,x_{n}]}forn≤3{n\leq 3}. In this paper, we consider such representations of𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}forn=4{n=4}. By classifying all collections of Galilean matrices of order 4 up to conjugation, which yields a complete classification of faithful𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}-modules of dimension 4, we show that all such faithful representations of𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}onℝ⁢[x1,…,x4]{\mathbb{R}[x_{1},\dots,x_{4}]}are classified into two types up to equivalence, each of which is parameterized byℝ3{\mathbb{R}^{3}}. As a byproduct, we show that all faithful𝔊{\mathfrak{G}}-modules of dimension 4 are indecomposable.