bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms and Synthetic Strategies in Visible Light‐Driven [2+2]‐Heterocycloadditions
Authors: Franceschi Pietro , Cuadros Sara , Goti Giulio , Dell'Amico Luca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe synthesis of four membered heterocycles usually requires multi‐step procedures and prefunctionalized reactants. A straightforward alternative is the photochemical [2+2]‐heterocycloaddition between an alkene and a carbonyl derivative, conventionally based on the photoexcitation of this latter. However, this approach is limited by the absorption profile of the carbonyl, requiring in most of the cases the use of high‐energy UV‐light, that often results in undesired side reactions and/or the degradation of the reaction components. The development of new and milder visible light‐driven [2+2]‐heterocycloadditions is, therefore, highly desirable. In this Review, we highlight the most relevant achievements in the development of [2+2]‐heterocycloadditions promoted by visible light, with a particular emphasis on the involved reaction mechanisms. The open challenges will also be discussed, suggesting new possible evolutions, and stimulating new methodological developments in the field.
A General Synthetic Route to High‐Quality Perovskite Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Enhanced Solar Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Amdouni Wafa , Otoničar Mojca , Gemeiner Pascale , Butin Vincent , Guiblin Nicolas , Maghraoui‐Meherzi Hager , Dkhil Brahim 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe main limitations of current methods for synthesizing perovskite oxide (ABO3) nanoparticles (NPs), e.g., the high reagent costs and sophisticated equipment, the long time and high‐temperature processing, or multiple post‐processing and thermal treatment steps, hamper their full study and potential application. Here, we use a facile low temperature (50 °C) chemical bath synthesis and only one annealing step to successfully produce high phase purity and crystalline quality nano‐shaped rare‐earth‐based REMO3 NPs (RE=La, Nd, Sm, Gd; M=Fe, Mn, Al). We also show the versatility of this approach by fabricating La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 solid solution and non‐RE‐based BiFeO3 perovskite. To assess the potential of the as‐prepared REFeO3 and REMnO3 NPs, they are used for photocatalytic degradation of the norfloxacin antibiotic and show high efficiency. We believe this easy, robust, versatile, and general route for synthesizing ABO3‐based NPs can be further explored in the vast perovskite family and beyond.
Selective Formal Carbene Insertion into Carbon‐Boron Bonds of Diboronates by N‐Trisylhydrazones
Authors: Bao Zhicheng , Huang Meirong , Xu Yan , Zhang Xinhao , Wu Yun‐Dong , Wang Jianbo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBisborylalkanes play important roles in organic synthesis as versatile bifunctional reagents. The two boron moieties in these compounds can be selectively converted into other functional groups through cross‐coupling, oxidation or radical reactions. Thus, the development of efficient methods for synthesizing bisborylalkanes is highly demanded. Herein we report a new strategy to access bisborylalkanes through the reaction of N‐trisylhydrazones with diboronate, in which the bis(boryl) methane is transformed into 1,2‐bis(boronates) via formal carbene insertion. Since the N‐trisylhydrazones can be readily derived from the corresponding aldehydes, this strategy represents a practical synthesis of 1,2‐diboronates with broad substrate scope. Mechanistic studies reveal an unusual neighboring group effect of 1,1‐bis(boronates), which accounts for the observed regioselectivity when unsymmetric 1,1‐diboronates are applied.
Imaginal disc growth factor is involved in melanin synthesis and energy metabolism in Bombyx mori
Authors: Tian Huan , Liu Shuai‐Qi , Jing Wen‐Hui , Hao Zhi‐Hua , Li Ying‐Hui , Lu Zhe‐Hao , Ding Ze‐Kai , Huang Shao‐Li , Xu Yu‐Song , Wang Hua‐Bing 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe imaginal disc growth factor (IDGF), belonging to the glycoside hydrolase 18 family, plays an important role in various physiological processes in insects. However, the detail physiological function of IDGF is still unclear. In this study, transcriptome analysis was performed on the fatbody isolated from staged control and BmIDGF mutant silkworm larvae. Transcriptional profiling revealed that the absence of BmIDGF significantly affected differentially expressed genes involved in tyrosine and purine metabolism, as well as multiple energy metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, galactose, starch, and sucrose metabolism. The interruption of BmIDGF caused similar and specific gene expression changes to male and female fatbody. Furthermore, a genome‐scale metabolic network integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic datasets revealed 11 pathways significantly altered at the transcriptional and metabolic levels, including amino acid, carbohydrate, uric acid metabolism pathways, insect hormone biosynthesis, and ABC transporters. In conclusion, this multiomics analysis suggests that IDGF is involved in gene‐metabolism interactions, revealing its unique role in melanin synthesis and energy metabolism. This study provides new insights into the physiological function of IDGF in insects.
Down‐Regulation–Resistant STAT4 Risk Haplotype Contributes to Lupus Nephritis Through CD4+ T Cell Interferon‐γ Production
Authors: Madera‐Salcedo Iris K. , Ramírez‐Sánchez Ada L. , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Noé , García‐Quintero Roberto , Rubio Rosa M. , Morales‐Montes de Oca Gabriela , Dávalos Emmanuel , Cuervo Rogelio , Furuzawa‐Carballeda Janette , Alcocer‐Varela Jorge , Gómez‐Martín Diana , González‐Yáñez Marysol , de la Cruz Abigail , Albarrán‐Godínez Adrián , Suárez‐Rojas Gerardo , Romero‐Díaz Juanita , Uribe‐Uribe Norma O. , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta , Furlan‐Magaril Mayra , Mejía‐Vilet Juan Manuel , Crispín José C. , Rosetti Florencia 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveVariants in STAT4 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. We undertook this study to investigate how disease‐associated variants affect STAT4 expression, in particular in CD4+ T cells where STAT4 plays an essential role.MethodsWe compared Th1 differentiation between naive CD4+ T cells from healthy donors homozygous for the risk (R/R) or nonrisk (NR/NR) alleles. We analyzed epigenetic marks in STAT4 and evaluated the relevance of its third intron, assessed the consequences of Stat4 overexpression in vivo in mice, and analyzed the effects of the STAT4 genotype in patients with lupus nephritis.ResultsNaive CD4+ T cells from NR/NR healthy donors down‐regulated STAT4 in response to interleukin‐12 (IL‐12). In contrast, cells from R/R healthy donors maintained high levels. R/R cells exhibited a higher abundance of transcriptionally active STAT4 and increased interferon‐γ production. Accordingly, R/R healthy donors exhibited a stronger induction of local active enhancer marks. Genetic editing confirmed the presence of a negative regulatory region in the STAT4 third intron, where most of the SLE‐associated STAT4 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are located. In vivo forced expression demonstrated that increases in Stat4 levels in T cells enhanced glomerulonephritis in mice. Accordingly, the R/R genotype was associated with suboptimal response to treatment and with worse clinical outcomes in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis.ConclusionThe SLE‐associated STAT4 haplotype correlates with an abnormal IL‐12–mediated STAT4 transcriptional regulation. Carriers of the risk variant exhibit exaggerated CD4+ proinflammatory capacities that, in the context of SLE, contribute to more severe disease. R/R patients may benefit from blockade of the IL‐12/STAT4 pathway.image
Metabolic engineering of Aspergillus niger to enhance production of ethanol
Authors: de los Santos Mondragón Ara Itzel , Barragan Brisia Alejandra Aguilar , Sánchez Uriel Rojas , Calleja Cristian Alberto López , Millán‐Chiu Blanca E. , Loske Achim M. , Lim Miguel Angel Gómez 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis work describes the genetic transformation of a strain of Aspergillus niger with five different constructs containing 16 different heterologous genes, coding for four oxidoreductases, two cellobiohydrolases, one endoglucanase, one β‐glucosidase, six enzymes involved in xylose metabolism, and two enzymes involved in fermentation. The aim was to try and engineer a consolidated bioprocessing in A. niger. The fungus already contains most of these enzymes and we only enhanced endogenous activities. We recovered nine transformants containing all genes, as indicated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To confirm that the products of the genes were functional, we measured the activity of five different enzymes in all the strains, and they all showed enhanced activity over the wild‐type (wt) strain. The strains were grown on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xylan as substrates, and they produced considerably more ethanol than the wt. The levels of ethanol production were comparable to those reported in the literature.
Design of a multi‐epitope‐based vaccine consisted of immunodominant epitopes of structural proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2 using immunoinformatics approach
Authors: Mahmoudvand Shahab , Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh Hadi , Jalilian Farid Azizi , Farzanehpour Mahdieh , Dorostkar Ruhollah 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has shown rapid global spread and has resulted in a significant death toll worldwide. In this study, we aimed to design a multi‐epitope vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 based on structural proteins S, M, N, and E. We identified B‐ and T‐cell epitopes and then the antigenicity, toxicity, allergenicity, and similarity of predicted epitopes were analyzed. T‐cell epitopes were docked with corresponding HLA alleles. Consequently, the selected T‐ and B‐cell epitopes were included in the final construct. All selected epitopes were connected with different linkers and flagellin and pan‐HLA DR binding epitopes (PADRE) as an adjuvant were used in the vaccine construct. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to evaluate the complex between the final vaccine construct and two alleles, HLA‐A*02:01 and HLA‐DRB1*01:01. Finally, codons were optimized for in silico cloning into pET28a(+) vector using SnapGene. The final vaccine construct comprised 11 CTL, HTL, and B‐cell epitopes corresponding to 394 amino acid residues. In silico evaluation showed that the designed vaccine might potentially promote an immune response. Further in vivo preclinical and clinical testing is required to determine the safety and efficacy of the designed vaccine.
Synthesis, molecular docking, and antioxidant activity of new fluorescent tetrafluoroterphenyl analogues
Authors: Al‐Anazi Menier 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) chemistry has been applied to develop many functionalized pentafluorobenzene derivatives. Those compounds are highly specific at the para position of the fluorinated ring. Therefore, they are typical adducts for the preparation of antioxidant molecular systems. In this context, we report the use of SNAr chemistry as a suitable and simple approach for the synthesis of fluorescent antioxidant perfluorinated materials bearing ether bonds in various para‐substituted alkoxy chains and with high purity and excellent yields. The fluoroterphenyl core was prepared via alkylation, Cu(I)‐assisted decarboxylation, and cross‐coupling using the potassium salt of fluorobenzoate, followed by the reaction with different alcohols. The structures of the synthesized fluoroterphenyl adducts were investigated using FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The emission spectra and absorption spectra showed solvatochromism. The newly prepared tetrafluoroterphenyl analogues were investigated by antioxidant examination using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assay. Results were compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene as references, and revealed that the tetrafluoroterphenyl analogues containing a decyl chain had the highest activity, with an IC50 value of 22.36 ± 0.19 g/ml. The produced tetrafluoroterphenyl analogues were used in molecular docking strategies with a Protein Data Bank protein ID 5IKQ. The antioxidant investigations and docking results were convergent.
SLAM‐seq reveals early transcriptomic response mechanisms upon glutamine deprivation in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Papež Maja , Jiménez Lancho Víctor , Eisenhut Peter , Motheramgari Krishna , Borth Nicole 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMammalian cells frequently encounter subtle perturbations during recombinant protein production. Identifying the genetic factors that govern the cellular stress response can facilitate targeted genetic engineering to obtain production cell lines that demonstrate a higher stress tolerance. To simulate nutrient stress, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were transferred into a glutamine(Q)‐free medium and transcriptional dynamics using thiol(SH)‐linked alkylation for the metabolic sequencing of RNA (SLAM‐seq) along with standard RNA‐seq of stressed and unstressed cells were investigated. The SLAM‐seq method allows differentiation between actively transcribed, nascent mRNA, and total (previously present) mRNA in the sample, adding an additional, time‐resolved layer to classic RNA‐sequencing. The cells tackle amino acid (AA) limitation by inducing the integrated stress response (ISR) signaling pathway, reflected in Atf4 overexpression in the early hours post Q deprivation, leading to subsequent activation of its targets, Asns, Atf3, Ddit3, Eif4ebp1, Gpt2, Herpud1, Slc7a1, Slc7a11, Slc38a2, Trib3, and Vegfa. The GCN2‐eIF2α‐ATF4 pathway is confirmed by a significant halt in transcription of translation‐related genes at 24 h post Q deprivation. The downregulation of lipid synthesis indicates the inhibition of the mTOR pathway, further confirmed by overexpression of Sesn2. Furthermore, SLAM‐seq detects short‐lived transcription factors, such as Egr1, that would have been missed in standard experimental designs with RNA‐seq. Our results describe the successful establishment of SLAM‐seq in CHO cells and therefore facilitate its future use in other scenarios where dynamic transcriptome profiling in CHO cells is essential.
Responses in left inferior frontal gyrus are altered for speech‐in‐noise processing, but not for clear speech in autism
Authors: Schelinski Stefanie , von Kriegstein Katharina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionAutistic individuals often have difficulties with recognizing what another person is saying in noisy conditions such as in a crowded classroom or a restaurant. The underlying neural mechanisms of this speech perception difficulty are unclear. In typically developed individuals, three cerebral cortex regions are particularly related to speech‐in‐noise perception: the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the right insula, and the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Here, we tested whether responses in these cerebral cortex regions are altered in speech‐in‐noise perception in autism.MethodsSeventeen autistic adults and 17 typically developed controls (matched pairwise on age, sex, and IQ) performed an auditory‐only speech recognition task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Speech was presented either with noise (noise condition) or without noise (no noise condition, i.e., clear speech).ResultsIn the left IFG, blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) responses were higher in the control compared to the autism group for recognizing speech‐in‐noise compared to clear speech. For this contrast, both groups had similar response magnitudes in the right insula and left IPL. Additionally, we replicated previous findings that BOLD responses in speech‐related and auditory brain regions (including bilateral superior temporal sulcus and Heschl's gyrus) for clear speech were similar in both groups and that voice identity recognition was impaired for clear and noisy speech in autism.DiscussionOur findings show that in autism, the processing of speech is particularly reduced under noisy conditions in the left IFG—a dysfunction that might be important in explaining restricted speech comprehension in noisy environments.
Climate risk disclosures and global sustainability initiatives: A conceptual analysis and agenda for future research
Authors: Ngo Thanh , Le Tu , Ullah Subhan , Trinh Hai Hong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate change impacts, risks and sustainability disclosures have attracted increasing attention from scholars in various streams of the economics and finance literature towards achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Within the stream of climate finance, the global initiatives for corporate social responsibility (CSR) and environment, social and governance (ESG) practices have had important roles in leveraging firms to become more actively involved in environment‐related disclosure, in which climate risk reporting is central to evaluating whether and to what extent a firm and its operations are friendly to the environment. Along with the growth of the UN Principles for Responsible Investing in 2005, one of the most recent global initiatives that has been formed is the Taskforce on Climate‐Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), which has considered the climate‐related financial disclosure recommendations of G20 finance ministers. Given that TCFD recommendations have recently been released for a broad domain of players (such as banks, investors, insurers and governments) in various countries (e.g., New Zealand, the United States and Japan), we surveyed the most recent studies on the TCFD by using a conceptual framework for climate‐related disclosures focusing on studies published worldwide. On the basis of a thorough review, we highlight the essential functions of financial markets and also provide the critical implications for different market players ranging from providers to supporters of the TCFD. Our study offers a timely conceptual review of the TCFD which is critical for stimulating sustainable investments, climate finance and enhanced corporate reporting.
Hydrogel viscoelasticity modulates migration and fusion of mesenchymal stem cell spheroids
Authors: Wu David T. , Diba Mani , Yang Stephanie , Freedman Benjamin R. , Elosegui‐Artola Alberto , Mooney David J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMulticellular spheroids made of stem cells can act as building blocks that fuse to capture complex aspects of native in vivo environments, but the effect of hydrogel viscoelasticity on cell migration from spheroids and their fusion remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of viscoelasticity on migration and fusion behavior of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids using hydrogels with a similar elasticity but different stress relaxation profiles. Fast relaxing (FR) matrices were found to be significantly more permissive to cell migration and consequent fusion of MSC spheroids. Mechanistically, inhibition of ROCK and Rac1 pathways prevented cell migration. Moreover, the combination of biophysical and biochemical cues provided by fast relaxing hydrogels and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) supplementation, respectively, resulted in a synergistic enhancement of migration and fusion. Overall, these findings emphasize the important role of matrix viscoelasticity in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies based on spheroids.
Clients' experiences of online therapy in the early stages of a COVID‐19 world: A scoping review
Authors: van Kessel Kirsten , de Pont Sarita , Gasteiger Chiara , Goedeke Sonja 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2019 forced an abrupt shift in the modality through which psychotherapy was delivered and online therapy became the only viable option for clients. Research regarding experiences of online therapy during the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic is minimal, however, and has largely focussed on therapists' experiences of delivering online treatment, as opposed to clients' experiences of receiving it. A scoping review was undertaken to establish what is known from the existing literature about clients' experiences of online therapy during the initial stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic and identify gaps in the current knowledge. Searches were conducted across four academic databases: Scopus, EBSCO CINAHL Complete, EBSCO MEDLINE and OVID PsycInfo; the literature was excluded based on established PICOS criteria. Data were summarised through data charting and synthesised by way of inductive content analysis. A total of five articles were identified. All articles focussed on online therapy using video or audio conferencing, and four of the five studies examined clients with eating disorders. Inductive content analysis identified seven categories, as follows: preference for face‐to‐face therapy; appreciation of accessibility and convenience; online format hindered connection; positive experience of online therapy; individual client differences impacted experience; strong therapeutic alliance indicative of positive experience; and gratitude for continuation of treatment. Future research could explore clients' experiences of online therapy in a “post‐pandemic” world and include a broader range of client populations and online therapy approaches in the COVID‐19 context.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Effect of Western Ethiopian Propolis
Authors: Afata Tariku Neme , Dekebo Aman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPropolis or bee glue is commonly named as a natural resinous mixture produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from substances collected from parts of plants, buds, and exudate. The result of the ethyl acetate ‐ methanol (3 : 2) volume by volume fraction yielded a total of two compounds namely betulinic acid and β‐amyrin isolated from Bodji Dirmaji and Fincha'a district propolis, respectively. The crude ethanolic extract was portioned with the different solvent systems by increasing the polarities in the following order of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Column chromatographic method on normal silica gel was used to isolate the compounds. The structures of the compounds were characterized using 1D NMR techniques. The study revealed that western Ethiopian propolis was rich in saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, and glycosides. The antibacterial activity for the isolated compound (betulinic acid) showed the highest inhibition for S. aureus (11.2±1.6), E. coli (17.7±1.1), and A. niger (12.6±1.2) mm.
COVID‐associated non‐vasculitic thrombotic retiform purpura of the face and extremities: A case report
Authors: Bunch Connor M. , Zackariya Nuha , Thomas Anthony V. , Langford Jack H. , Aboukhaled Michael , Thomas Samuel J. , Ansari Aida , Patel Shivani S. , Buckner Hallie , Miller Joseph B. , Annis Christy L. , Quate‐Operacz Margaret A. , Schmitz Leslie A. , Pulvirenti Joseph J. , Konopinski Jonathan C. , Kelley Kathleen M. , Hassna Samer , Nelligan Luke G. , Walsh Mark M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 infection can manifest many rashes. However, thrombotic retiform purpura rarely occurs during COVID‐19 illness. Aggressive anti‐COVID‐19 therapy with a high‐dose steroid regimen led to rapid recovery. This immunothrombotic phenomenon likely represents a poor type 1 interferon response and complement activation on the endothelial surface in response to acute infection.