bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broken nurses: an interrogation of the impact of the Great War (1914–1918) on the health of New Zealand nurses who served – a cohort comparison study
Authors: Maddocks Wendy Anne 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionNew Zealand’s initial contribution of 50 nurses to WWI was thought to be sufficient. However, by the time of Armistice Day, at least 550 nurses had served for the New Zealand Army Nursing Service. According to diaries and records, many arrived back broken with a wide disparity in care. No formal analysis of this exists to understand the impact in more detail. The hypothesis is that the nurses who served the longest would carry a higher sickness burden and have a shorter life span than those nurses who had a shorter length of service.MethodsService files of the first 50 nurses were analysed and compared with the last 50 nurses who served while war was still active. Data from each nurse’s file were confirmed with other sources for age, length and type of service, sickness, date of death and any other notable events.ResultsThe first cohort of nurses (N=50) had longer periods of sickness, with a higher number of illnesses related to overcrowding, overwork (nervous disorders) and poor hygiene. The first cohort also were awarded many medals of merit, indicative of the extreme conditions they were working in. Individual nurses experienced poor medical treatment on their return to New Zealand. The last cohort (N=50) experienced fewer incidences and different types of sickness, with Spanish Influenza having an impact on serving nurses near the end of the war. In addition, the second cohort died younger compared with the first cohort, and none received medals of merit.ConclusionsThis analysis has identified that many New Zealand nurses experienced severe health effects due to their service, and their health needs were poorly considered on their return to New Zealand. The Matron in Chief and others battled to have the nurses cared for appropriately. These lessons remain as valid now as they did in 1918.
Biological risk in Italian prisons: data analysis from the second to the fourth wave of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Franchi Cristiano , Rossi Riccardo , Malizia Andrea , Gaudio Pasqualino , Di Giovanni Daniele 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe management of COVID-19 in Italian prisons triggered considerable concern at the beginning of the pandemic due to numerous riots which resulted in inmate deaths, damages and prison breaks. The aim of this study is to shed some light, through analysis of the infection and relevant disease parameters, on the period spanning from the second to the fourth wave of the outbreak in Italy’s prisons.MethodsReproductive number (Rt) and Hospitalisation were calculated through a Eulerian approach applied to differential equations derived from compartmental models. Comparison between trends was performed through paired t-test and linear regression analyses.ResultsThe infection trends (prevalence and Rt) show a high correlation between the prison population and the external community. Both the indices appear to be lagging 1 week in prison. The prisoners’ Rt values are not statistically different from those of the general population. The hospitalisation trend of inmates strongly correlates with the external population’s, with a delay of 2 weeks. The magnitude of hospitalisations in prison is less than in the external community for the period analysed.ConclusionsThe comparison with the external community revealed that in prison the infection prevalence was greater, although Rt values showed no significant difference, and the hospitalisation rate was lower. These results suggest that the consistent monitoring of inmates results in a higher infection prevalence while a wide vaccination campaign leads to a lower hospitalisation rate. All three indices demonstrate a lag of 1 or 2 weeks in prison. This delay could represent a useful time-window to strengthen planned countermeasures.
Incident skin melanoma in Danish male military pilots: a nested case–control study
Authors: Pedersen Julie Elbaek , Hansen Johnni 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesA growing body of research has reported that pilots have an increased risk of skin melanoma, which may be caused by occupational exposure to cosmic and solar ultraviolet A radiation in aircraft cockpits. However, the existing literature cannot rule out confounding, for example, that pilots may spend more leisure time in the sun compared with the general population, which therefore leaves the current evidence inconclusive. The present study aimed to provide more knowledge regarding this association.MethodsThis nested case–control study included 199 male cases of skin melanoma diagnosed between 1990 and 2003, and 1126 male cancer-free controls identified from a large Danish military population. Among these individuals, 10 cases had ever worked as a pilot.Detailed information on military service and other held jobs together with socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, for example, leisure-time sun exposure habits, had been obtained from a structured questionnaire.ResultsAdjusted results showed a positive association between work onboard aircraft and skin melanoma (OR=2.30, 95% CI: 1.06–4.97) and the risk was indicated only to be increased in pilots (OR=7.08, 95% CI: 2.51–19.93). A positive association between longer duration of employment as a pilot and skin melanoma was also observed (ORper year=1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.14).ConclusionsThe findings from this study conducted among Danish military personnel suggest that pilots have an increased risk of skin melanoma after accounting for leisure-time sun exposure and socioeconomic status. Future large-scale studies focusing on the risk of skin melanoma in pilots, including detailed objective information on dimensions of exposure and potential confounders, are warranted.
Effects of COVID-19 vaccination on disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis on targeted therapy in the COVIDSER study
Authors: Álvaro-Gracia José M , Sanchez-Piedra Carlos , Culqui Dante , Rosello Rosa , Garcia-Dorta Alicia , Campos Cristina , Manrique-Arija Sara , Ruiz-Montesinos Dolores , Ros-Vilamajo Inmaculada , Rodríguez-Lozano Carlos , Freire-González Mercedes , Caliz Rafael , Bohorquez Cristina , Mateo Soria Lourdes , Busquets Noemí , Castrejon Isabel , Sánchez-Alonso Fernando , González-Dávila Enrique , Diaz-Gonzalez Federico 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of COVID-19 vaccination on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients under targeted therapies.Patients and methods1765 vaccinated patients COVID-19, 1178 (66.7%) with RA and 587 (33.3%) with PsA from the COVID-19 registry in patients with rheumatic diseases (COVIDSER) project, were included. Demographics, disease characteristics, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) and targeted treatments were collected. DAS28-based flare rates and categorised disease activity distribution prevaccination and post vaccination were analysed by log-linear regression and contingency analyses, respectively. The influence of vaccination on DAS28 variation as a continuous measure was evaluated using a random coefficient model.ResultsThe distribution of categorised disease activity and flare rates was not significantly modified by vaccination. Log-linear regression showed no significant changes in the rate of flares in the 6-month period after vaccination compared with the same period prior to vaccination in neither patients with RA nor patients with PsA. When DAS28 variations were analysed using random coefficient models, no significant variations in disease activity were detected after vaccination for both groups of patients. However, patients with RA treated with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK-i) (1) and interleukin-6 inhibitor (IL-6-i) experienced a worsening of disease activity (1.436±0.531, p=0.007, and 1.201±0.550, p=0.029, respectively) in comparison with those treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNF-i). Similarly, patients with PsA treated with interleukin-12/23 inhibitor (IL-12/23-i) showed a worsening of disease activity (4.476±1.906, p=0.019) compared with those treated with TNF-i.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccination was not associated with increased rate of flares in patients with RA and PsA. However, a potential increase in disease activity in patients with RA treated with JAK-i and IL-6-i and in patients with PsA treated with IL-12/23-i warrants further investigation.
Sexual behaviour, STI and HIV testing and testing need among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men recruited for online surveys pre/post-COVID-19 restrictions in the UK
Authors: Brown Jack RG , Reid David , Howarth Alison R , Mohammed Hamish , Saunders John , Pulford Caisey V , Ogaz Dana , Hughes Gwenda , Mercer Catherine H 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesWe examined sexual behaviour, sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV testing and testing need, and identified associated factors, among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the UK after COVID-19 restrictions ended, and compared these with ‘pre-pandemic’ estimates.MethodsWe analysed survey data from GBMSM (N=1039) recruited via social media and Grindr in November–December 2021. We then compared Grindr-recruited 2021 participants (N=437) with those from an equivalent survey fielded in March–May 2017 (N=1902). Questions on sexual behaviour and service use had lookback periods of 3–4 months in both surveys. Unmet testing need was defined as reporting any new male and/or multiple condomless anal sex (CAS) partners without recent STI/HIV testing. Participants were UK residents, GBMSM, aged ≥16 years who reported sex with men in the last year. Multivariable logistic regression identified associated sociodemographic and health-related factors with unmet STI/HIV testing need in 2021, and then for 2017/2021 comparative analyses, adjusting for demographic differences.ResultsIn 2021, unmet STI and HIV testing need were greater among older GBMSM (aged ≥45 years vs 16–29 years; adjusted OR (aOR): 1.45 and aOR: 1.77, respectively), and lower for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users (vs non-PrEP users; aOR: 0.32 and aOR: 0.23, respectively). Less unmet STI testing need was observed among HIV-positive participants (vs HIV-negative/unknown; aOR: 0.63), and trans and non-binary participants (vs cisgender male; aOR: 0.34). Between 2017 (reference) and 2021, reported sexual risk behaviours increased: ≥1 recent new male sex partner (72.1%–81.1%, aOR: 1.71) and ≥2 recent CAS partners (30.2%–48.5%, aOR: 2.22). Reporting recent STI testing was greater in 2021 (37.5%–42.6%, aOR: 1.34) but not recent HIV testing, and there was no significant change over time in unmet STI (39.2% vs 43.7%) and HIV (32.9% vs 39.0%) testing need.DiscussionComparable community surveys suggest that UK resident GBMSM may have engaged in more sexual risk behaviours in late 2021 than pre-pandemic. While there was no evidence of reduced STI/HIV service access during this time, there remained considerable unmet STI/HIV testing need.
Rapid-response surveillance of the first US test market for VLN cigarettes
Authors: Henriksen Lisa , Johnson Trent O , Mahoney Margaret , Schleicher Nina C , Ali Amna , Prochaska Judith J 
Published: March 2023

Introduction
VLN King menthol and non-menthol are the first combustible cigarettes to receive US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorisation as modified risk tobacco products. Focusing on the first retail test market, this study characterised VLN advertising, product placement, discounts and price.

Methods
All Chicago-area Circle K stores (n=133) were telephoned to assess whether they sold VLN. Single-pack price of non-menthol was obtained in 57 of 100 stores that sold VLN. In fall 2022, trained data collectors visited those 57 stores to assess VLN product placement, advertising, discounts and prices. Paired t-tests compared observed VLN price with telephone price and to price of other cigarette brands.

Results
Nearly all stores (91.1%) displayed exterior advertisements for VLN, and 41.1% displayed interior advertising, with 8.9% of stores advertising VLN in the power wall but never in the header row. VLN cigarettes were displayed in the power wall exclusively and among high-nicotine cigarettes. Some VLN marketing claims were not FDA-authorised. VLN advertised a sweepstakes offer and rewards programme. Most stores (85.7%) offered VLN discounts. VLN was priced like a premium brand (mean=$10.90, SD=$1.53), and prices obtained by telephone did not differ from observed prices several months later.

Conclusions
Retail marketing strategies for VLN mimic those for high-nicotine cigarettes. Deviations from FDA-authorised marketing claims were evident. Surveillance in future test markets is recommended to assess compliance with marketing claims and examine relative price and discount offers. Of interest is how premium-priced, low-nicotine cigarettes stand to compete in a market dominated by cheaper high-nicotine cigarettes.
Friedmann-like universes with non-metricity
Authors: Iosifidis Damianos , Vogiatzis Ioannis Georgios , Tsagas Christos G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study the potential effects of spacetime non-metricity in cosmology. In the spirit of Einstein–Cartan gravity, but with non-metricity replacing torsion, we consider the Einstein–Hilbert action and assume zero torsion. Adopting certain hyperfluid models, with non-vanishing hypermomentum that can source spacetime non-metricity, we add a matter component into the action and derive the field equations, along with the conservation laws. Applying our formulae to cosmology, we generalize the Friedmann and the Raychaudhuri equations in the presence of non-metricity. Our results show that, in a number of cases, non-metricity can mimic the effects of matter with unconventional equation of state. For instance, specific types of hypermomentum are found to act as an effective stiff fluid, thus opening the possibility that non-metricity could have played a significant role in the early stages of the universe’s evolution. Alternative forms of hypermomentum can dominate the universal dynamics at late times. In either case, the equilibrium moment depends on the initial conditions and it is determined by a simple relation between the matter component and the hyperfluid.
Reverse Maximum Inner Product Search: Formulation, Algorithms, and Analysis
Authors: Amagata Daichi , Hara Takahiro 
Published: March 2023

The maximum inner product search (MIPS), which finds the item with the highest inner product with a given query user, is an essential problem in the recommendation field. Usually e-commerce companies face situations where they want to promote and sell new or discounted items. In these situations, we have to consider the following questions: Who is interested in the items, and how do we find them? This article answers this question by addressing a new problem called reverse maximum inner product search (reverse MIPS). Given a query vector and two sets of vectors (user vectors and item vectors), the problem of reverse MIPS finds a set of user vectors whose inner product with the query vector is the maximum among the query and item vectors. Although the importance of this problem is clear, its straightforward implementation incurs a computationally expensive cost.
We therefore propose Simpfer, a simple, fast, and exact algorithm for reverse MIPS. In an offline phase, Simpfer builds a simple index that maintains a lower bound of the maximum inner product. By exploiting this index, Simpfer judges whether the query vector can have the maximum inner product or not, for a given user vector, in a constant time. Our index enables filtering user vectors, which cannot have the maximum inner product with the query vector, in a batch. We theoretically demonstrate that Simpfer outperforms baselines employing state-of-the-art MIPS techniques. In addition, we answer two new research questions. Can approximation algorithms further improve reverse MIPS processing? Is there an exact algorithm that is faster than Simpfer? For the former, we show that approximation with quality guarantee provides a little speed-up. For the latter, we propose Simpfer++, a theoretically and practically faster algorithm than Simpfer. Our extensive experiments on real datasets show that Simpfer is at least two orders of magnitude faster than the baselines, and Simpfer++ further improves the online processing time.
Transformers for Tabular Data Representation: A Survey of Models and Applications
Authors: Badaro Gilbert , Saeed Mohammed , Papotti Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the last few years, the natural language processing community has witnessed advances in neural representations of free texts with transformer-based language models (LMs). Given the importance of knowledge available in tabular data, recent research efforts extend LMs by developing neural representations for structured data. In this article, we present a survey that analyzes these efforts. We first abstract the different systems according to a traditional machine learning pipeline in terms of training data, input representation, model training, and supported downstream tasks. For each aspect, we characterize and compare the proposed solutions. Finally, we discuss future work directions.
Generative Spoken Dialogue Language Modeling
Authors: Nguyen Tu Anh , Kharitonov Eugene , Copet Jade , Adi Yossi , Hsu Wei-Ning , Elkahky Ali , Tomasello Paden , Algayres Robin , Sagot Benoît , Mohamed Abdelrahman , Dupoux Emmanuel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce dGSLM, the first “textless” model able to generate audio samples of naturalistic spoken dialogues. It uses recent work on unsupervised spoken unit discovery coupled with a dual-tower transformer architecture with cross-attention trained on 2000 hours of two-channel raw conversational audio (Fisher dataset) without any text or labels. We show that our model is able to generate speech, laughter, and other paralinguistic signals in the two channels simultaneously and reproduces more naturalistic and fluid turn taking compared to a text-based cascaded model.1,2
Legal Mobilisation by Women with Disabilities in Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Yogi Paramitha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Women with disabilities have experienced double marginalisation. As women, they remain marginalised by patriarchal culture and religious conservatism, and as persons with disabilities, their participation in social, political, economic, and cultural life has been constrained by the state and society’s barriers. Even though Indonesia has ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the marginalisation of women with disabilities remains an important issue. In this context, by applying a qualitative method, this article addresses the question of how women with disabilities mobilise existing legal and institutional resources to pursue empowerment. It finds that in the process of legal mobilisation, they employ three different strategies: advocacy from above, advocacy from within, and advocacy from below, through which a better condition has been achieved but the challenges for further empowerment remain in place.
A Transition from Win-Win to “Win-Lose” Outcome in Africa’s Trade with China: A Case of In-depth Assessment of Kenya’s Exports
Authors: Onjala Joseph 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Like a handful other African countries, Kenya has a thriving bilateral economic relations with China. Kenya provides a convenient entry point for Chinese merchandise imports into the Eastern and Southern Africa. Notwithstanding various bilateral trade pacts, the imbalance, China is keen to paint its relationship with Kenya as one of win-win with mutual benefit. In this analysis, we examine the competitiveness of the major disaggregated merchandise export products by Kenya to China. Applying a computed normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA), our findings show the scores to be generally low. The scores illuminate significant differences in the performance of merchandize export products to China. “Win-win” outcome is not tenable given the glaringly narrow scope of the export products. Kenya’s own export supply capacity remains very low for the products being traded. Even if Kenya was able to exploit all the export potential with China, future trade imbalance is only likely to be exacerbated in favor of China.
Learning Islam “ala Gaza”: Palestinian Shaykhs as Figures of Religious Authority in Indonesian Palestine Solidarity Practices
Authors: Wolf Silvia Ilonka 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In recent years a variety of activities have emerged in Indonesia that invite Palestinian shaykhs as figures of religious authority. These practices are a by-product of humanitarian initiatives carried out by Muslim solidarity organizations of the Tarbiyya movement. Analyzing these practices through the lens of Muslim cosmopolitanism, I argue that they reflect a cosmopolitan patriotism, in which the umma and the nation are mutually constitutive frameworks of belonging. Mobilizing Indonesians for the Palestinian cause, while teaching them Qurʾan memorization skills that Gazans are believed to exceptionally possess, serves to create a pious generation as envisioned by the Tarbiyya movement.
Role of Ocean Advections during the Evolution of the Pacific Meridional Modes
Authors: Shu Qi , Zhang Yu , Amaya Dillon J. , Larson Sarah M. , Kosaka Yu , Yang Jun-Chao , Lin Xiaopei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Pacific meridional modes (PMMs) are the leading ocean–atmosphere coupled modes in the subtropical northeastern (NPMM) and southeastern (SPMM) Pacific, respectively, and have been suggested to be key precursors to equatorial Pacific variability. Previous studies pointed out that both NPMM- and SPMM-related sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are primarily driven by net surface heat flux variations during their equatorward evolution. However, whether oceanic heat advective processes would play a role during the evolution remains unclear. To address this issue, we perform an ocean mixed layer heat budget analysis based on observations and three ocean reanalysis datasets, and then reveal the effect of ocean advections on the evolution by comparing a fully coupled dynamic ocean model (DOM) to a slab ocean model (SOM). Our results suggest that for the NPMM evolution, ocean advections—primarily by anomalous meridional Ekman heat advections driven by mean and anomalous zonal wind stresses—play a damping role in the south of the NPMM. Thus, the NPMM SST anomalies appear to instead exhibit a poleward shift, although still freely propagating westward from the preceding boreal winter to the following summer. This finding challenges the traditional view that the NPMM propagates equatorward through the wind–evaporation–SST feedback. For the SPMM evolution, ocean advections play a damping role in the center of the SPMM from boreal spring to summer, as well as an intensification role in the southwest Pacific during summer. However, the effect of the intensification on the SPMM evolution is hard to determine due to the strong simulation bias of the SPMM evolution in the DOM.

Significance Statement
While it is known that both NPMM- and SPMM-associated SST anomalies are primarily driven by net surface heat flux variations during their evolution, whether ocean advections would play a role remains unknown. Here, we show that ocean advections play a role in the evolution of both PMMs. In particular, for the NPMM evolution, ocean advections play a damping role in the south of the NPMM center, causing a tendency for the NPMM to be displaced northward. The role of ocean advection challenges the prevailing notion that the NPMM simply evolves equatorward through the wind–evaporation–SST feedback.