bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fishing impacts on age structure may conceal environmental drivers of body size in exploited fish populations
Authors: Rutterford Louise A , Genner Martin J , Engelhard Georg H , Simpson Stephen D , Hunter Ewan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Using analysis of field survey size-at-age data, we examine responses of European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) to spatial differences in environmental variables in the North Sea.
Using available samples of plaice aged 1–7, northern and southern migrating groups of males and females grew differently. However, length-at-age growth patterns were not corroborated by complementary otolith-based estimates. Southern females and males were smaller than their northern counterparts until age 3. Southern males remained smaller up to age 7; by contrast southern and northern females reached similar size-at-age by year 4.
Due to covariation, the influence of spatially variable environmental conditions was equivocal. However, temperature, depth, fishing pressure, phosphate levels, distance from shore, and conspecific density were all significant predictors of size for plaice aged 1–7.
Our results suggest that fishing impacts on age structure limit the potential to examine the role of environmental variation on body size. For fish that rarely reach their full potential age and size, expected metabolic responses to warming may remain unexpressed, challenging predictions in a changing climate.
Increasing serum iron levels and their role in the risk of infectious diseases: a Mendelian randomization approach
Authors: Butler-Laporte Guillaume , Farjoun Yossi , Chen Yiheng , Hultström Michael , Liang Kevin Y H , Nakanishi Tomoko , Su Chen-Yang , Yoshiji Satoshi , Forgetta Vincenzo , Richards J Brent 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Increased iron stores have been associated with elevated risks of different infectious diseases, suggesting that iron supplementation may increase the risk of infections. However, these associations may be biased by confounding or reverse causation. This is important, since up to 19% of the population takes iron supplementation. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to bypass these biases and estimate the causal effect of iron on infections.

Methods
As instrumental variables, we used genetic variants associated with iron biomarkers in two genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of European ancestry participants. For outcomes, we used GWAS results from the UK Biobank, FinnGen, the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative or 23andMe, for seven infection phenotypes: ‘any infections’, combined, COVID-19 hospitalization, candidiasis, pneumonia, sepsis, skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) and urinary tract infection (UTI).

Results
Most of our analyses showed increasing iron (measured by its biomarkers) was associated with only modest changes in the odds of infectious outcomes, with all 95% odds ratios confidence intervals within the 0.88 to 1.26 range. However, for the three predominantly bacterial infections (sepsis, SSTI, UTI), at least one analysis showed a nominally elevated risk with increased iron stores (P &lt;0.05).

Conclusion
Using MR, we did not observe an increase in risk of most infectious diseases with increases in iron stores. However for bacterial infections, higher iron stores may increase odds of infections. Hence, using genetic variation in iron pathways as a proxy for iron supplementation, iron supplements are likely safe on a population level, but we should continue the current practice of conservative iron supplementation during bacterial infections or in those at high risk of developing them.
Evaluating the role of a hospital pharmacist in a cardiac day ward
Authors: Lau Grace , Vo Tin , Rivers Graham 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the role of clinical pharmacists in cardiac day wards.

Methods
A service evaluation was conducted during 24 February 2020–27 March 2020 to assess the role of clinical pharmacists for all patients admitted to an Australian tertiary hospital cardiac day ward.

Key findings
Overall, 297 patients were included. Medication review occurred for 80% (237/297) and a best possible medication history was obtained for 65% (193/297) of patients. Acceptance of interventions for medication-related problems was 93% (84/90). When compared with medication plans outlined in standard catheterisation laboratory documentation without pharmacist input, a pharmacist medication review resulted in increased documentation of medication plans in the patient’s medical record at the time of discharge (20% (1/5) versus 95% (142/150), P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Pharmacists can optimise the medication management of patients in cardiac day wards by performing medication review, and facilitating implementation and communication of medication changes at hospital discharge to patients and primary healthcare providers.
Identification, characterization and chemical management ofAlternaria alternatacausing blackcurrant leaf spot in China
Authors: Xu Chuzhen , Zhang Jing , Zhou Jiangruihang , Zheng Yanyan , Huang Wei , Qin Dong , Huo Junwei , Li Yonggang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to identify the pathogen causing blackcurrant leaf spot, assess the pathogenicity of different isolates, the host range, and the sensitivity to common fungicides, and test the effectiveness of field control for controlling A. alternata in blackcurrants in China, and potentially elsewhere.Methods and resultsIn 2020 and 2021, an uncommon leaf spot on blackcurrants was observed in Harbin (125°42′-130°10′E, 44°04′-46°40′N), Heilongjiang Province, China. Based on morphological, molecular characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses, 10 fungal isolates, identified as Alternaria alternata, were obtained from infected blackcurrant leaves of 10 infected plants in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first description of A. alternata as a causal agent of leaf spot on blackcurrants in China. A. alternata has a wide host range and infects eight of the 10 crop and ornamental plants evaluated, namely Sorbus pohuashanensis, Malus pumila, Rosa davurica, Padus racemosa, Hippophae rhamnoides, Crataegus pinnatifida, Pyrus ussuriensis, and Sambucus williamsii, but not Viburnum trilobum and Prunus tomentosa. Moreover, ten blackcurrant cultivars were screened and found to have contrasting levels of resistance to A. alternata. One was moderately resistant, four were resistant, four were susceptible, and one was highly susceptible. The A. alternata isolate was most sensitive to propiconazole-azoxystrobin, with EC50 values of 0.0038 μg ml−1 and efficacy ranging between 83.34% and 84.13% at 317 μg ml−1 in the field.ConclusionsThe work reported that A. alternata is the pathogen that causes blackcurrant leaf spot in northern China. It can infect a variety of crops and ornamental plants. Considering the control cost and effect, propiconazole-azoxystrobin is more suitable for controlling leaf spot in the field.
Characterization and Double-Antibody Sandwich ELISA Application of a Monoclonal Antibody Against Akabane Virus Nucleocapsid Protein
Authors: Chen Dongjie , Wang Jingjing , Wei Fang , Jing Hongli , Wang Di , Zhang Zhou , Lin Xiangmei , Wu Shaoqiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Akabane virus (AKAV) is a Culicoides-borne Orthobunyavirus that is teratogenic to the fetus of cattle and small ruminant species.

Objective
This study aimed to develop an effective diagnostic assay for the detection of AKAV using produced monoclonal antibody (mAb).

Method
First, the mAb against N protein of AKAV was produced and characterized by Western blot (WB) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) assays. Then, the linear epitope of AKAV N protein against the mAb was identified and the mAb was applied to establish a double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA).

Results
One AKAV N-reactive monoclonal mAb was generated and designated as 2D3. WB and IFA assays indicated that 2D3 could react with both recombinant N protein and AKAV isolate TJ2016. The linear epitope recognized by mAb 2D3 was located at amino acids 168–182 of AKAV N protein. The DAS-ELISA established on based mAb 2D3 was able to detect both the purified AKAV N protein (with a detection limit of 6.25 ng/mL) and AKAV-infected cell culture supernatant (with a detection limit of 250 TCID50/mL).

Conclusions
Taken together, we successfully prepared a mAb 2D3 against AKAV N protein and identified its corresponding linear epitope, and then established a DAS-ELISA for the detection of AKAV antigen.

Highlights
A produced mAb against AKAV N protein was used to define a linear epitope of AKAV and establish a DAS-ELISA for AKAV antigen detection.
Trust in interagency collaboration: The role of institutional logics and hybrid professionals
Authors: Gøtzsche-Astrup Oluf , Lindekilde Lasse , Maria Fjellman Anna , Bjørgo Tore , Solhjell Randi , Haugstvedt Håvard , Sivenbring Jennie , Andersson Malmros Robin , Kangasniemi Mari , Moilanen Tanja , Magnæs Ingvild , Wilchen Christensen Tina , Mattsson Christer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInteragency collaboration among social workers, teachers, and police is key to countering violent extremism in the Nordic countries by securing comprehensive assessment of cases of concern. Yet, previous research indicates that different institutional logics—perceptions of fundamental goals, strategies, and grounds for attention in efforts to counter violent extremists—exist across professions and challenge collaboration and trust building in practice. In this article, we empirically investigate these claims across social workers (n = 1,105), teachers (n = 1,387), and police (n = 1,053) in four Nordic countries: Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland. Using results from online surveys with professionals, we investigate the distribution of a ‘societal security logic’ and a ‘social care logic’ across professions and the degree to which these institutional logics translate into mutual trust. Through a comparison of institutional logics among practitioners with and without practical experience of interagency collaboration, we investigate whether and how institutional logics tend to mix and merge in hybrid organizational spaces. We conclude that differences in institutional logics across professions are differences in degree rather than in kind, but that such differences are important in shaping mutual trust and that experiences of interagency collaboration are correlated with a convergence toward a ‘social care logic’ conception of countering violent extremism.
Bayesian model comparison for mortality forecasting
Authors: Wong Jackie S T , Forster Jonathan J , Smith Peter W F 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStochastic models are appealing for mortality forecasting in their ability to generate intervals that quantify uncertainties underlying the forecasts. We present a fully Bayesian implementation of the age-period-cohort-improvement (APCI) model with overdispersion, which is compared with the Lee–Carter model with cohorts. We show that naive prior specification can yield misleading inferences, where we propose Laplace prior as an elegant solution. We also perform model averaging to incorporate model uncertainty. Our findings indicate that the APCI model offers better fit and forecast for England and Wales data spanning 1961–2002. Our approach also allows coherent inclusion of multiple sources of uncertainty, producing well-calibrated probabilistic intervals.
An extremely rare neoplasm ‘atypical spindle cell pleomorphic lipomatous tumor’: a case report
Authors: Lugwaja Paul William Itule , Ringo Yona , Mchele Godfrey , Mtaturu Gabriel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Spindle cell lipoma is a rare histological variant of lipoma accounting for 1.5% of adipocytes tumors. It is composed of an admixture of mature adipocytes and fibroblast-like spindle cells in a myxoid stroma. Retroperitoneal atypical spindle cell lipomatous tumor are extremely rare only a single report in the literature reported. Herein we describe a case of a giant lipomatous tumor that was causing partial bowel obstruction. Successful excision with en block resection of the tumor, distal ureter and posterior wall of the bladder was achieved by teamwork between gastrointestinal surgeons and Urologist. The bladder defect was repaired, and left ureteric reimplantation was done. The patient made a good recovery with excellent progress. He has resumed his normal activities as a farmer.
The prevalence of sexual dysfunctions in pregnant women and the correlated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taştekin Ouyaba Ayşe , Infal Kesim Selma 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSexual functions are negatively affected during pregnancy with the emergence of physical, hormonal, mental, emotional, and behavioral changes; however, there is no cumulative knowledge about the global prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) in pregnant women and the correlated factors in SD.AimThe study aimed to determine the prevalence of SD among pregnant women and the factors correlated with their SD scores.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of studies focusing on SD in pregnant women were conducted in the PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Turkish Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Ovid databases by using the following combination of keywords: “pregnant” OR “pregnancy” AND “sexual dysfunction.”OutcomesNearly 70% of pregnant women were at risk for SD. The age of the pregnant woman, the spouse’s age, and the duration of marriage were negatively correlated with the SD score, while the education level was positively correlated with it.ResultsInitially, 5644 studies were identified: 693 studies were evaluated for eligibility and 668 were removed following the exclusion criteria. A total of 25 studies involving 6871 pregnant women were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled SD prevalence in pregnant women was 69.7% (95% CI, 59.9%-77.9%).Clinical ImplicationsThe results of this study can be used in the organization of prenatal care, especially for pregnant women at high risk for SD.Strengths and LimitationsThis meta-analysis is the first to reveal the global prevalence of SD and the factors correlated with SD scores in pregnant women. The most important limitation of this study is that it analyzes documents showing pregnant women at risk for SD according to an unconfirmed measurement tool for pregnant women.ConclusionMost pregnant women experience SD symptoms. More research is needed, specifically on validated tools that assess pregnancy-specific SD symptoms.
Water use efficiency across scales: from genes to landscapes
Authors: Vadez Vincent , Pilloni Raphael , Grondin Alexandre , Hajjarpoor Amir , Belhouchette Hatem , Brouziyne Youssef , Chehbouni Ghani , Kharrou Mohamed Hakim , Zitouna-Chebbi Rim , Mekki Insaf , Molénat Jérôme , Jacob Frédéric , Bossuet Jérôme 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Water scarcity is already set to be one of the main issues of the 21st century, because of competing needs between civil, industrial, and agricultural use. Agriculture is currently the largest user of water, but its share is bound to decrease as societies develop and clearly it needs to become more water efficient. Improving water use efficiency (WUE) at the plant level is important, but translating this at the farm/landscape level presents considerable challenges. As we move up from the scale of cells, organs, and plants to more integrated scales such as plots, fields, farm systems, and landscapes, other factors such as trade-offs need to be considered to try to improve WUE. These include choices of crop variety/species, farm management practices, landscape design, infrastructure development, and ecosystem functions, where human decisions matter. This review is a cross-disciplinary attempt to analyse approaches to addressing WUE at these different scales, including definitions of the metrics of analysis and consideration of trade-offs. The equations we present in this perspectives paper use similar metrics across scales to make them easier to connect and are developed to highlight which levers, at different scales, can improve WUE. We also refer to models operating at these different scales to assess WUE. While our entry point is plants and crops, we scale up the analysis of WUE to farm systems and landscapes.
A dentifrice containing salivary enzymes and xylitol exhibits superior antimicrobial activity in vitro against adherent Streptococcus mutans compared to a chlorhexidine dentifrice
Authors: O'Connor Mackenzie , Harrison Grant , Lenahan Declan , Moran Gary P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Human saliva contains natural antimicrobial enzymes. In this in-vitro study, we evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a dentifrice containing a salivary enzyme complex (SEC) with xylitol versus a standard 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) dentifrice. Adherent cells of Streptococcus gordonii, Strep. mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp polymorphum, and Corynebacterium matruchotii were exposed to SEC-xylitol and CHX dentifrices for 2 min and viable CFUs were enumerated. Exposure to the SEC-xylitol dentifrice resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial viability, which was greater than that shown by the CHX dentifrice, against all organisms tested. The SEC-xylitol dentifrice also exhibited greater antimicrobial activity against all organsims in well diffusion assays compared to CHX. Dentifrice activity was also evaluated against a three species community of Strep. gordonii, Strep. mutans, and Coryne. matruchotii using bacterial live/dead stain. The SEC-xylitol dentifrice was at least as effective as CHX in removal of the multispecies community. The combination of SEC and xylitol generates a highly effective antimicrobial dentifrice with greater antibacterial activity than a standard 0.12% CHX formulations. SEC and xylitol combinations are worthy of further investigation for routine use and in the management of gingivitis and periodontal disease.
The collisional and photoionized plasma in the polarized NLS1 galaxy Mrk 1239
Authors: Buhariwalla Margaret Z , Gallo Luigi C , Mao J , Komossa S , Jiang J , Gonzalez A , Grupe D 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTMrk 1239 is a highly polarized NLS1 in the optical band, whose 0.3–3 keV spectrum has remained remarkably consistent over more than two decades of observation. Previous analysis of this object suggested that the soft X-ray band was dominated by emission lines (collisionally and/or photoionized) from the distant host galaxy as the X-ray emission from the central engine was highly obscured. New XMM–Newton data of Mrk 1239 are presented here to investigate the soft X-ray band of this galaxy with high resolution. The first RGS spectra of this source reveal a plethora of ionized emission lines originating from two distinct plasmas, one collisionally ionized and the other photoionized at approximately equal brightness. The best-fitting model uses apec and xstar grids to account for the collisionally ionized and photoionized components, respectively. The fit improves significantly if the photoionized material is allowed to outflow at ≈500 km s−1, matching the outflow velocity of the forbidden O vii emission line. From constraints on the ionization and density of the photoionized material, we can estimate the location of it to be no further than a few pc from the central source, around the outer radius of the torus, which is consistent with the O vii(f) emission line. Properties of the collisionally ionized plasma are consistent with star formation rate (SFR) of $\approx 3 \hbox{$\rm \, M_{\odot }$}\textrm {yr}^{-1}$, which is comparable with several previous measurements of the SFR in this galaxy.
Broad-band X-ray properties of black holes GRS 1758−258 and 1E 1740.7−2942: AstroSat and NuSTAR results
Authors: Bhuvana G R , U Aneesha , D Radhika , Agrawal Vivek K , Mandal Samir , Katoch Tilak , Nandi Anuj 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the results on broad-band X-ray properties of persistent black hole binaries GRS 1758−258 and 1E 1740.7−2942 using AstroSat, NuSTAR, and Swift–XRT observations carried out during 2016–2022. We perform spectral modelling of both sources after eliminating the contamination in their LAXPC spectra from nearby X-ray sources. Preliminary spectral modelling using Comptonization and line emission (∼6.4 keV) models suggest that GRS 1758−258 occupies both dim-soft state (kTbb = 0.37 ± 0.01 keV, Γ ∼ 5.9, $L_{bol}=1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of Eddington luminosity LEdd) and hard state (Γ = 1.64–2.22, kTe = 4–45 keV, Lbol = 1–5 per cent LEdd) that requires a multicolour disc blackbody model (kTin = 0.54 ± 0.01 keV) occasionally. 1E 1740.7−2942 instead is found only in hard state (Γ = 1.67–2.32, kTe = 5–16 keV, Lbol = 1–2 per cent LEdd). Reflection properties of both sources are studied by applying relativistic reflection model RELXILL to the broad-band spectra. Our results from AstroSat and NuSTAR consistently unveiled the presence of a Comptonizing region along with an ionized reflection region (ionization parameter log ξ = 2.7–3.8 and 2.7–4.7 erg cm s−1 in GRS 1758−258 and 1E 1740.7−2942, respectively) in both sources. Reflection modelling revealed GRS 1758−258 to have a high metal abundance ($A_{fe}=3.9^{+0.4}_{-0.3}$ times solar metal abundance) and inclination angle (i) of 61 ± 2°. In case of 1E 1740.7−2942, i is constrained to be 55 ± 1°. Finally, we discuss the implication of our findings in the context of accretion dynamics by comparing our results with the previous studies.
Chemical enrichment of the ICM within the virgo cluster – I. Radial profiles
Authors: Gatuzz Efrain , Sanders J S , Dennerl K , Liu A , Fabian A C , Pinto C , Eckert D , Russell H , Tamura T , Walker S A , ZuHone J 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed analysis of the elemental abundances distribution of the Virgo cluster using XMM–Newton observations. We included in the analysis a new EPIC-pn energy scale calibration which allow us to measure velocities with uncertainties down to Δv ∼150 km s−1. We investigate the radial distribution of O, Ne, Mg, Si, Ar, S, Ca, Ni, and Fe. We found that the best-fitting model is close to a single-temperature component for distances &gt;80 kpc and the cooler gas is more metal rich. Discontinuities in temperature are found around ∼30 and ∼90 kpc, which correspond to the radius of the cold fronts. We modelled elemental X/Fe ratio profiles with a linear combination of SNIa and SNcc models. We found a flat radial distribution of SNIa ratio over the total cluster enrichment, which supports an early ICM enrichment scenario, with most of the metals present being produced prior to clustering.