bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current issues of standardization of antinuclear antibodies’ detection by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells
Authors: Aleksandrova E. N. , Novikov A. A. , Kazakov S. P. , Klyukvina N. G. , Vasiliev V. I. , Lukina G. V. 
Published: December 2022

Background. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are a group of antibodies that target nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Testing for ANA using an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on HЕp-2 cell (IFA-HEp-2) is a screening test for the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, druginduced lupus erythematosus, autoimmune liver diseases, juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In routine ANA testing final report forms bears important, but unstandardized variables (e. g., screening and final titers of ANA, coding of glow types, the procedure for performing confirmatory tests). Aim of the study. Develop a standard report form for IFA-HEp-2 testing results.Material and methods. Survey of 10 immunological and clinical diagnostic laboratories using the ICAP questionnaire adapted by the Working Group on Standardization of the definition of ANA by the IFA-HEp-2 method (Committee on Immunology of the Association ‘Federation of Laboratory Medicine’).Results. According to the results of a survey: most of the participants use a screening dilution of serum 1:160; indicates the maximum end titer of antinuclear factor (ANF), cytoplasmic staining; identifies staining types (including AC encoding); considers it mandatory to make confirmatory tests to detect ANA to individual nuclear antigens in ANF-positive patients, but does not provide a list of this tests in the results form; describes ANF titer for each of the detected glows separately; designates ANF titers using a colon and does not give a clinical interpretation of the results. Based on interlaboratory consensus, ICAP recommendations and the requirements of ISO 15189, the standard report form for IFA-HEp-2 testing results was developed.Conclusions. To achieve high quality of interaction between clinical diagnostic/immunological laboratories and clinical departments of health care facilities, it’s necessary to introduce into practice a standard form for IFA-HEp-2 testing results, developed relying on modern clinical recommendations and interlaboratory consensus.
Terapi Non-Farmakologi untuk Mengatasi Nyeri Dismenore pada Remaja
Authors: Khotimah Husnul , Lintang Santi Sundary 
Published: December 2022

Salah satu keluhan selama menstrusasi adalah dismenore. Terapi non-farmakologi menjadi alternatif utama penyelesaian dismenore. Tetapi masih sedikit penelitian membahasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berbagai terapi non-farmakologi (aromaterapi, kompres hangat, relaksasi pernafasan dalam, terapi musik, dan latihan fisik) untuk mengatasi nyeri dismenore pada remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pre experiment pretest-posttest design. Dari 114 jumlah populasi, sampel diambil dengan teknik kuota sampling dan berjumlah 65 orang remaja. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima terapi non-farmakologi dapat mengatasi nyeri dismenore pada remaja dengan nilai P 0,001 untuk aromaterapi, nilai P 0,001 untuk kompres hangat, nilai P 0,004 untuk relaksasi pernapasan dalam, nilai P 0,001 untuk terapi musik, dan nilai P 0,001 untuk latihan fisik. Terapi musik dan latihan fisik memberikan dampak penurunan yang lebih besar terhadap nyeri dismenore. Remaja dapat melakukan hal-hal yang disenangi sebagai terapi non-farmakologi untuk mengalihkan rasa nyeri akibat dismenore sehingga aktivitas sehari-hari tidak terganggu dan bisa lebih produktif.
Knowledge gaps in food allergy among the general public in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Insights based on the Chicago food allergy research survey
Authors: Takrouni Abdulrahman Ahmad , Omer Ibrahim , Alasmari Faisal , Islamuldeen Suhayb , Ghazzawi Amr Yasser , Zahrani Mohammed Ibrahim , Ahmed Mohamed Eldigire , Abushouk Amir 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundFood allergy is an increasing health concern. Studies have shown that food allergy knowledge is lacking among people, especially in areas related to distinction between food allergy and intolerance, symptoms recognition, and current means of management. This knowledge gap puts allergic patients at more risk of getting fatal anaphylactic reactions, which occur mostly in public areas. Locally, Public's knowledge and attitudes of food allergy was not sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we aim to assess food allergy knowledge and attitudes among Jeddah population in Saudi Arabia.MethodsWe adopted The Chicago Food Allergy Research Survey for the General Public (CFARS-GP) and used it as a data collection tool. We hosted the questionnaire on Google Forms and distributed the link through social media outlets targeting individuals of Jeddah population who are 18 years old and above.ResultsA total of 510 individuals completed the survey. The respondents answered 56% of the knowledge-based items correctly. Knowledge was strongest in symptoms/severity and definition/diagnosis, while it was weakest in susceptibility and prevalence, distinction between food allergy and intolerance, and food allergy management. Higher knowledge was significantly associated with prior training in food allergy, food-allergic acquaintance (i.e., having food allergy or knowing an allergic patient), and being a relative of a health care worker. For the attitudes, respondents thought that food allergy negatively affects patients' quality of life, and that schools should establish policies to protect allergic children; however, they downplayed stigma associated with food allergy.ConclusionIncreased food allergy knowledge among the general public is needed especially in areas related to susceptibility and prevalence, distinction between food allergy and intolerance, triggers and environmental risks, and the management of food allergy. Prior experience with food allergy through (1) training, (2) food-allergic acquaintance, or (3) being a relative of a health care worker increases food allergy knowledge significantly. Thus, targeted educational interventions might have a significant effect in improving food allergy knowledge among the general population.
Discovery of novel spike/ACE2 inhibitory macrocycles using in silico reinforcement learning
Authors: Shapira Lev , Lerner Shaul , Assayag Guila , Vardi Alexandra , Haham Dikla , Bar Gideon , Kozokaro Vicky Fidelsky , Robicsek Maayan Elias , Lerner Immanuel , Michaeli Amit 
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has cast a heavy toll in human lives and global economics. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which infects cells via its spike protein binding human ACE2.Methods: To discover potential inhibitory peptidomimetic macrocycles for the spike/ACE2 complex we deployed Artificial Intelligence guided virtual screening with three distinct strategies: 1) Allosteric spike inhibitors 2) Competitive ACE2 inhibitors and 3) Competitive spike inhibitors. Screening was performed by docking macrocycles to the relevant sites, clustering and synthesizing cluster representatives. Synthesized molecules were screened for inhibition using AlphaLISA and RSV particles.Results: All three strategies yielded inhibitory peptides, but only the competitive spike inhibitors showed “hit” level activity.Discussion: These results suggest that direct inhibition of the spike RBD domain is the most attractive strategy for peptidomimetic, “head-to-tail” macrocycle drug development against the ongoing pandemic.
Large mid-upper arm circumference is associated with reduced insulin resistance independent of BMI and waist circumference: A cross-sectional study in the Chinese population
Authors: Wang Jialu , He Liyun , Yang Na , Li Ziyi , Xu Lingling , Li Wei , Ping Fan , Zhang Huabing , Li Yuxiu 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundBody mass index (BMI) is a common indicator in clinical practice, but it is not sufficient to predict insulin resistance (IR). Other anthropometric methods supplement BMI in the assessment of body composition, which can be predicted more accurately. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness, mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and IR in Chinese adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey database. The study population was divided into four groups according to the MUAC quartiles, and the homeostasis mode assessment was used to evaluate the degree of IR. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with adjustments for multiple covariates. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, BMI, waist circumference (WC), smoking status, and alcohol consumption were performed.ResultsIn total, 8,070 participants were included in the analysis. As MUAC increased, BMI, TSF thickness, MAMC, and the proportion of IR tended to increase. However, we found that there was a significant negative association between MUAC and MAMC and IR in the logistic regression analysis, independent of BMI and WC, the ORs for the highest quartiles compared with the lowest quartiles were 0.662 (95%CI: 0.540-0.811) and 0.723 (95%CI: 0.609-0.860), respectively. There was no significant association was observed between the TSF thickness and IR (OR=1.035 [95%CI: 0.870-1.231]). The inverse associations were more pronounced among participants with lower BMI and WC. No significant age-specific differences were observed (P-heterogeneity &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsAfter adjusting for BMI and WC, MUAC was negatively associated with IR in Chinese adults, and the association between MUAC and IR was derived from arm muscle instead of subcutaneous fat. MUAC could be an additional predictor of IR besides BMI and WC in clinical practice.
Soluble TREM2 is a potential biomarker for the severity of primary angiitis of the CNS
Authors: Guo Tianshu , Ma Jia , Sun Jiali , Xu Wangshu , Cong Hengri , Wei Yuzhen , Ma Yuetao , Dong Qiaoxi , Kou Yunting , Yin Linlin , Zhang Xinghu , Chang Haoxiao , Wang Huabing 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundPrimary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a severe inflammatory disease, and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) has been reported to be associated with inflammation of the CNS. However, the role of sTREM2 in PACNS remains unknown.MethodsWe obtained serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 18 patients diagnosed with PACNS, as well as 14 patients diagnosed with other neurological disorders with no evidence of inflammation. sTREM2 concentrations in the samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. And routine CSF measurements of PACNS patients were analysed, including number of White Blood Cells (WBC), protein, Immunoglobulin G (IgG) index and CSF/serum quotients. Levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and complement C4, also were tested. The modified Rankin scale (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and activities of daily living (ADL) scores were obtained as indicators of disease severity. In PACNS patients, cerebral lesion volume was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging.ResultssTREM2 levels in serum and CSF were significantly elevated in PACNS patients and significantly associated with the mRS, NIHSS and ADL scores as well as inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, positive correlations were observed between the cerebral lesion volume and the sTREM2 levels in both blood and CSF. Higher sTREM2 levels in either the blood or CSF seemed to predict a good prognosis in PACNS patients.ConclusionOur results indicate an association between serum and CSF sTREM2 levels and the severity of neurological damage. Thus, sTREM2 represents a potential biomarker for monitoring disease and potentially predicting the prognosis of PACNS patients.
The CpxA/CpxR two-component system mediates regulation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cold growth
Authors: Yao Qing , Xie Tingting , Fu Yu , Wan Jiajia , Zhang Wendie , Gao Xuejun , Huang Jing , Sun Diangang , Zhang Fuxian , Bei Weicheng , Lei Liancheng , Liu Feng 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionTo survive in various hostile environments, two-component system is an adaptive mechanism for diverse bacteria. Activity of the CpxA/CpxR two-component system contributes to coping with different stimuli, such as pH, osmotic and heat stress.MethodsHowever, the role of the CpxA/CpxR system in cold resistance is little-known. In this study, we showed that CpxA/CpxRwas critical for A. pleuropneumoniae growth under cold stress.Resultsβ-Galactosidaseanalysis showed that CpxA/CpxR positively regulated the predicted cold stress gene cspC. The mutant for cold stress gene cspC was impaired in the optimal growth of A. pleuropneumoniae under cold stress. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that CpxR-P could directly regulate the transcription of the cold stress gene cspC.DiscussionThese results presented in this study illustrated that the CpxA/CpxR system plays an important role in cold resistance by upregulating expression of CspC. The data give new insights into how A. pleuropneumoniae survives in cold stress.
A single-center pilot randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin loading for preventing ischemic brain damage after carotid artery stenting
Authors: Wang Haipeng , Wang Junjie , Qi Peng , Yang Ximeng , Chen Kunpeng , Hu Shen , Liu Erteng , Zhang Shun , Gao Qun , Li Rui , Lu Jun , Deng Gang , Wang Daming 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveCarotid artery stenting (CAS) performed perioperatively with high-dose atorvastatin may reduce the incidence of new ischemic brain lesions, but more high-level evidence is needed. Furthermore, the optimal dose and course of perioperative statin therapy remain uncertain.MethodsA single-center, prospective, parallel controlled, pilot randomized clinical trial was conducted at Beijing Hospital. The study includes a total of 130 patients with CAS. The patients were randomly assigned to receive a high-dose of 80 mg/day atorvastatin (n = 65) or a standard-dose of 20 mg/day atorvastatin (n = 65) 3 days before and 3 days after planned CAS. The primary endpoint event was the cumulative incidence of silent new ischemic cerebral lesions (sNICL) on post-CAS cerebral diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), transient ischemic attack (TIA), or ischemic stroke within 30 days after CAS.ResultsAmong the 130 patients, 123 completed the study, of which 63 were in the high-dose group and 60 were in the standard-dose group. The incidence of major endpoint events was 69.8% (44 cases) and 78.3% (46 cases) in the high-dose and standard-dose groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (HR, 0.705; 95% CI, 0.315–1.576; p = 0.393). According to the stratified analysis results, the sNICL incidence was significantly different between the two groups in the symptomatic patients (HR, 0.263; 95% CI, 0.70–0.984; p = 0.04).ConclusionAmong patients with CAS, a periprocedural high-dose of atorvastatin did not reduce the rate of periprocedural ischemic brain damage. However, high-dose statins can reduce the incidence of sNICL after CAS in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03079115.
Assessment of toxicity and anti-plasmodial activities of chloroform fractions of Carapa procera and Alchornea cordifolia in murine models
Authors: Mahama Ayisha , Chama Mary Anti , Oppong Bekoe Emelia , Asare George Awuku , Obeng-Kyeremeh Richard , Amoah Daniel , Agbemelo-Tsomafo Constance , Amoah Linda Eva , Erskine Isaac Joe , Kusi Kwadwo Asamoah , Adjei Samuel 
Published: December 2022

Background:Plant as a source of medicine has gained international popularity in recent times because of its natural origin, availability in local communities, cheaper to purchase, ease of administration, and its usefulness as an alternative treatment in case of numerous side effects and drug resistance. However, the use of herbal formulations can also result in short-term and long-term organ damage or dysfunction to the host. In this study, chloroform fractions of the leaves of two medicinal plants,Alchornea cordifolia(ACL) andCarapa procera(CPL), were investigated for their toxicological and anti-malarial effects in murine models.Method:Acute (14-day) and sub-acute (28-day) studies were conducted based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Guidelines in Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats respectively. A dosage of 2000 mg/kg body weight was administered orally to each ICR mouse during the acute study and 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg body weight to each SD rat during the sub-acute study. A 5-day curative anti-plasmodial activity was assessed in ICR mouse model.Results:The assessment of toxicity revealed that all three fractions did not influence mortality, clinical appearance, body weight gain, or necropsy at the various doses. Hematological and serum biochemical analysis indicated no significant elevations in liver and renal function parameters. Histopathological examinations of the liver indicated reversible liver degeneration with the chloroform fraction of the 100% ethanol extract ofCarapa proceraleaves (CPL100%) at 1000 mg/kg. Anti-plasmodial assessments showed CPL100% exhibiting dose-dependent anti-plasmodial activity from 16% to 26.67%. On the other hand, chloroform fraction of the 100% ethanol extract ofAlchornea cordifolialeaves (ACL100%) showed declining anti-plasmodial activity from 21.1% to 15.1%.Conclusion:These preliminary findings demonstrate that chloroform fractions of the leaves ofCarapa proceraandAlchornea cordifoliamay be safe agents for treating malaria hence further development for drug discovery must be pursued.
Genetically proxied inhibition of tumor necrosis factor and the risk of colorectal cancer: A drug-target mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Min , Chen Qian , Xiao Xin-Yu , Feng Si-Jia , Wang Xiao-Ying , Tang Tai-Chun , Zheng Hui 
Published: December 2022

Background: Previous studies suggested that anti-TNF drugs might be repurposed as a preventive treatment for colorectal cancer. We aimed to examine whether genetically proxied inhibition of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) reduces the absolute risk of colorectal cancer through mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods: We obtained 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were located within a ±15 kilobase window of the TNFRSF1A—the gene that encodes the TNFR1 protein, and we used genetic data from three GWAS studies of circulating levels of TNFR1, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood counts (WBC) to screen SNPs that proxied the inhibition of TNFR1. Positive control analyses were then performed by using another three GWAS data from the ulcerative colitis cohort (n = 45,975), Crohn’s disease cohort (n = 40,266), and multiple sclerosis cohort (n = 115,803) to confirm the effect of the included SNPs. A two-sample mendelian randomization analysis was performed to examine the association between TNFR1 inhibition and the absolute risk reduction (ARR) of colorectal cancer.Results: We finally included seven SNPs to proxy the anti-TNF effect, and these SNPs caused lower levels of TNFR1, CRP, and white blood counts. In positive control analyses, the included SNPs caused lower odds ratio of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease but a higher odds ratio of multiple sclerosis, consistent with drug mechanistic actions and previous trial evidence. By using the inverse-variance weighted analyses to combine the effects of the seven SNPs, we found that the anti-TNF effect was associated with a 0.988 (95%CI 0.985–0.991) mg/L decrease in CRP levels and a reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer (absolute risk reduction -2.1%, 95%CI -3.8% to -0.4%, p = 0.01).Conclusion: Our study confirmed that anti-TNF drugs were associated with a risk reduction in colorectal cancer. Physicians could consider using anti-TNF drugs for the prevention of colorectal cancer, especially in patients with high risks of developing cancer.
Necessity and challenges for the post-pandemic Hangzhou Asian Games: An interdisciplinary data science assessment
Authors: Guo Jianwei , Zhang Xiangning , Cui Dandan 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundThe postponement of the Hangzhou Asian Games has reignited controversy over whether it is necessary and safe to hold. This study aimed to assess its necessity for Asian elite sport and the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic through joint data science research on elite sports and public health Internet big data.MethodsFor necessity, we used seven pre-pandemic Asian Games to investigate its long-term internal balance and six pre-pandemic Olympic Games to examine its contribution to the external competitiveness of Asian sport powers through bivariate Pearson correlation analyses between sport variables and holding year. For challenges, we used Johns Hopkins COVID-19 data and Tokyo 2020 Olympic data to quantify the past impact of the pandemic on elite sport by another correlation analysis between pandemic variables and the change in the weighted score of medal share (CWSMS), built a transferable linear regression model, transferred the model to Jakarta 2018 Asian Games data, and eventually forecasted the possible impact of the pandemic on the results of the Hangzhou Asian Games.ResultsThe proportion of gold medal countries in the Asian Games showed a long-term upward trend (Pearson r(7) = 0.849, p &lt; 0.05), and the share of medals won by Asian countries showed a significant increasing process (Pearson r(6) = 0.901, p &lt; 0.05). The cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths (CND) was most significantly correlated to CWSMS (Pearson r(100) = −0.455, p &lt; 0.001). The total Olympic model output of Asian countries was 0.0115 in Tokyo 2020 and is predicted to be 0.0093 now. The prediction of CWSMS in Hangzhou was 0.0013 for China, 0.0006 for Japan, and 0.0008 for South Korea.ConclusionWe documented that Asian Games played a significant role in the long-term balanced internal structure and the increasing global competitiveness of Asian elite sport. We proved that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the Olympic performance of countries worldwide, while the competitive performance at the Hangzhou Games would be less affected than the world average level. This study also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary data science research on large-scale sports events and public health.
The link between emotion regulation and size estimation of spiders pictures among women with fear of spiders
Authors: Ben-Baruch Yahel Dror , Leibovich-Raveh Tali , Cohen Noga 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionFear is associated with perceptual biases. People who are afraid of spiders perceive spiders as larger than people without this fear. It is yet unclear, however, whether this effect can be influenced by using implicit (non-deliberate) emotion regulation (ER) processes and explicit (deliberate) ER strategies, such as reappraisal and suppression.MethodThis study examined the link between implicit and explicit ER and size estimation among women afraid of spiders. After performing an implicit ER (cognitive control) task, participants rated the size and valence of spiders, wasps and butterflies shown in pictures. Participants’ tendency to use reappraisal and suppression was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.ResultsResults showed no effect of implicit ER on size and valence ratings. A greater tendency to use reappraisal was linked to reduced negative feelings on seeing the pictures of spiders. Greater use of suppression, however, was linked to increased size estimation of the spider stimuli.DiscussionThese results highlight the role of ER in perceptual biases and offer avenues for future ER-based treatments for specific phobias.