bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of DC link brake chopper design on the LVRT behavior of full-scale converter wind turbines
Authors: Herzog Fabian , Röder Julian , De Doncker Rik W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWind turbines (WTs) are loaded by the wind and by the electrical grid. A low voltage ride through (LVRT) is a special load case for WTs, which can be critical for their drivetrain. They are usually less severe for WTs with a full-scale converter (FSC); however, in some cases there are still loads observable in the mechanical drivetrains of WTs with FSCs. Different aspects like the brake chopper design, the control and specifications of the grid side converter (GSC) as well as the grid and fault parameters affect these loads. In this paper, three different LVRT behaviors of a WT with a squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG) and a FSC were investigated via simulations. In the worst case, a sharp peak in the electromagnetic torque of the generator after fault clearance is possible. The cause lies in the GSC control, especially the phase-locked loop (PLL), and can also be influenced by adjusting the control parameters, brake chopper and filter design. The resulting mechanical drivetrain torque, on the other hand, is increased by only 2.9% for a very short time. Thus, the loading of the mechanical drivetrain components is only slightly increased. Therefore, the risk of damage to the mechanical components of the FSC WT due to grid faults is relatively low.
Assessing the influence of lightweight generators on substructure cost and levelized cost of energy: a techno-economic model for large offshore wind turbines
Authors: Thalemann Fabian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is expected that lightweight drive train systems for large wind turbines can reduce overall levelized cost of energy (LCOE) compared to conventional designs, particularly through a less robust and therefore lower-cost turbine substructure. Representing a major share of drive train mass, the focus of mass reduction efforts concentrate on the generator. In order to assess the influence of specific lightweight generator designs on overall LCOE, a techno-economic software tool was created which feeds generator mass into the LCOE calculation through the design and capital expenditure (CAPEX) calculation of an appropriate wind turbine substructure. A case study was carried out, comparing a direct drive design featuring a permanent magnet generator with ring architecture and large diameter—resulting in significantly low mass and low CAPEX—to a reference turbine with conventional drive train design. The results show that a relevant LCOE reduction could be achieved, but generator mass reduction and substructure mass and consequently CAPEX reduction are highly disproportionate due to technical substructure design constraints. It is indicated that the assessed lightweight design has a high potential to economize on lightweight design decisions to reduce its CAPEX and in consequence overall LCOE even further.
Financial and economic uncertainties and their effects on the economy
Authors: Fortin Ines , Hlouskova Jaroslava , Sögner Leopold 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe estimate new indices measuring financial and economic uncertainty in the euro area, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Austria, following the approach of Jurado et al. (Am Econ Rev 105:1177–1216, 2015), which measures uncertainty by the degree of predictability. We perform an impulse response analysis in a vector error correction framework, where we focus on the impact of both local and global uncertainty shocks on industrial production, employment and the stock market. We find that global financial and economic uncertainties have significant negative effects on local industrial production, employment, and the stock market, while we find hardly any influence of local uncertainty on these variables. In addition we perform a forecasting analysis, where we assess the merits of uncertainty indicators for forecasting industrial production, employment and the stock market, using different performance measures. The results suggest that financial uncertainty significantly improves the forecasts of the stock market in terms of profit-based measures, while economic uncertainty gives, in general, more insight when forecasting macroeconomic variables.
Isotherm kinetics of PIP2 bound gelsolin inactivation
Authors: Szatmári Dávid , Lőrinczy Dénes 
Published: March 2023

AbstractActin monomers (G-actin) and filaments (F-actin) have dynamical rearrangement thus manage cellular motility, division and transport processes. The gelsolin (GSN) regulates the remodeling of cytoskeleton. After the activation of GSN by calcium ions, it can sever actin filaments then capped at its barbed end. In the cytoplasm, GSN manages the cellular motions and morphology. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) is involved in signal transduction and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by regulation of actin-binding proteins. GSN can bind to PIP2 and thus can be localized in the near of the plasma membrane and released from the end of F-actin. We test here with isoperibol calorimetry the enthalpy change, within the interplay between GSN and F-actin under nano-, micro- and millimolar calcium concentrations and express the importance of PIP2 binding for the inactivation of GSN. As we have demonstrated here that PIP2 binding stabilizes the structure of gelsolin and reduces its actin monomer binding activity under nanomolar calcium as the typical cytoplasmic calcium concentration of resting cells. The gelsolin shows partial activity under micromolar and total activity with strong responses under millimolar calcium. If gelsolin-capped filaments point at the plasma membrane helps the binding between gelsolin and PIP2, and hence, filament uncapping in case of resting cells. We presume that the low free calcium concentration keeps on the structure of gelsolin which is able to bind actin within the cooperativity of actin bound calcium. Gelsolin can help to manage monomer pool far from the membrane and it can be linked to a basic sensory mechanism which drives the direction of filament growth in the near of the membrane.
Singular adaptations in the carbon assimilation mechanism of the polyextremophile cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis thermalis
Authors: Aguiló-Nicolau Pere , Galmés Jeroni , Fais Giacomo , Capó-Bauçà Sebastià , Cao Giacomo , Iñiguez Concepción 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCyanobacteria largely contribute to the biogeochemical carbon cycle fixing ~ 25% of the inorganic carbon on Earth. However, the carbon acquisition and assimilation mechanisms in Cyanobacteria are still underexplored regardless of being of great importance for shedding light on the origins of autotropism on Earth and providing new bioengineering tools for crop yield improvement. Here, we fully characterized these mechanisms from the polyextremophile cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis thermalis KOMAREK 1964/111 in comparison with the model cyanobacterial strain, Synechococcus sp. PCC6301. In particular, we analyzed the Rubisco kinetics along with the in vivo photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in response to external dissolved inorganic carbon, the effect of CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) inhibitors on net photosynthesis and the anatomical particularities of their carboxysomes when grown under either ambient air (0.04% CO2) or 2.5% CO2-enriched air. Our results show that Rubisco from C. thermalis possess the highest specificity factor and carboxylation efficiency ever reported for Cyanobacteria, which were accompanied by a highly effective CCM, concentrating CO2 around Rubisco more than 140-times the external CO2 levels, when grown under ambient CO2 conditions. Our findings provide new insights into the Rubisco kinetics of Cyanobacteria, suggesting that improved Sc/o values can still be compatible with a fast-catalyzing enzyme. The combination of Rubisco kinetics and CCM effectiveness in C. thermalis relative to other cyanobacterial species might indicate that the co-evolution between Rubisco and CCMs in Cyanobacteria is not as constrained as in other phylogenetic groups.
A New Approach to Empirical Optimization of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process for Ti6Al4V Parts
Authors: Dareh Baghi Alireza , Nafisi Shahrooz , Hashemi Reza , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike , Ghomashchi Reza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOptimization of all the process parameters for laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), considering the effects of individual parameters on Ti6Al4V fabricated parts, can be complex and challenging. Therefore, for the first time, the effects of three main variable process parameters (laser power, scan speed, and hatch spacing) on three outcomes parameters (surface roughness, bulk porosity, and production rate of parts) were studied in this work. Then, the combination of above-mentioned process parameters in the form of volumetric energy density (VED) was investigated in order to establish a practical method for optimization of process parameters for making Ti6Al4V parts with the desired quality targets, i.e., the smoothest surface, the lowest bulk porosity and a higher production rate. It was revealed that although VED is a reliable metric for the optimization of process parameters, some thresholds and ranges should be considered for all three parameters of laser power, scan speed, and hatch spacing. It was demonstrated that by employing an optimum laser power of 180 W or 270 W and changing the scan speed and hatch spacing to keep VED in the range of 50-100 J/mm3, fabrication of samples with micro-roughness Ra < 10 µm and bulk porosity less than 0.15% is achievable. In addition, the surface of the L-PBF fabricated parts may appear in two categories of surface morphology; wavy surface classified “meso-roughness topography” and non-wavy surface termed “micro-roughness”. Since there was not any correlation between the value of roughness of samples with meso-rough surface and their bulk porosity, and besides, their process parameters were far from optimized parameters, the samples with meso-rough surface were not included in the final results. However, it was realized in the samples with micro-rough surfaces, the value of their micro-roughness could accurately indicate the porosity content of Ti6Al4V samples.
Going the Distance
Authors: Sassano Angie , Mayes Christopher , Kerridge Ian , Lipworth Wendy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractQualitative studies on assisted reproductive technology commonly focus on the perspectives of participants living in major metropolises. In doing so, the experiences of those living outside major cities, and the unique way conditions of spatiality shape access to treatment, are elided. In this paper, we examine how location and regionality in Australia impact upon access and experience of reproductive services. We conducted twelve qualitative interviews with participants residing in regional areas across Australia. We asked participants to discuss their experience with assisted reproduction services and the impacts of location on access, service choice, and experience of care, and analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis, as outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006, 2019). Participants in this study reported that their location impacted the services available to them, required considerable time in travel, and reduced continuity of care. We draw on these responses to examine the ethical implications of uneven distribution of reproductive services in commercial healthcare settings which rely on market-based mechanisms.
Pediatric Oronasopharyngeal Stricture– A Rare Surgical Complication of Adeno-Tonsillectomy Abstract
Authors: Shenoy Vijendra S , Samanth Rakshitha , Parvathareddy Navya , APOORVA KV 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction: Oronasopharyngeal stricture is a rare sequel of oropharyngeal surgical procedure which can cause swallowing difficulty, dyspnea, sleep related breathing disorders, incompetence at the velopharynx due to soft palatal adherence. Case: Here we present a case of nine-year-old girl who presented to us with complains of nasal obstruction since 3 months and symptoms of sleep disordered breathing. She underwent adenotonsillectomy 5 years ago and coblator assisted palatoplasty and stricture release 4 months ago. On examination adenoid facies was noted, postpalatoplasty and tonsillectomy status with stricture between the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars. Soft palate was stuck to posterior pharyngeal wall. Computed tomography scan was done which depicted homogenously enhancing soft tissue density causing complete nasopharyngeal airway obstruction. Oronasopharyngeal stricture release was performed under general anesthesia. Infant feeding tube was inserted through the nasal cavity and introduced through the oropharynx into exterior and was tied externally which was removed on postoperative day 5. Child is on regular follow up since 5 months and asymptomatic. Discussion: Oropharyngeal stricture is reported as a rare sequela of adenotonsillectomy. Many surgical techniques have been reported for release of similar oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal stricture patterns such as triamcinolone injection, manual dilation method, plasma hook method, division and skin grafting, local flaps like pharyngeal or palatal mucosal flaps, and free flap techniques. Conclusion: Utmost care must be taken during the surgical procedure of oropharynx to prevent collateral damage to mucosal surfaces which can result in such devastating complications.
Migration-related Factors and Settlement Service Literacy: Findings from the Multi-site Migrants’ Settlement Study
Authors: Renzaho Andre M. N. , Polonsky Michael , Yusuf Adnan , Ferdous Ahmed , Szafraniec Michael , Salami Bukola , Green Julie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMigrants’ access and effective utilisation of settlement services depend on their level of settlement service literacy (SSL). However, SSL is multi-dimensional in nature and has many facets that are influenced by demographic and migration-related factors. Identifying factors that drive various components of SSL, and thus allowing for more focused development of specific dimensions, is critical. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between components of SSL and migration-related and migrants’ demographic factors. Using a snowball sampling approach, trained multilingual research assistants collected data on 653 participants. Data were collected using face-to-face or online (phone and via video platforms such as Zoom and Skype) surveys. Our findings suggest that demographic and migration-related factors explained 32% of the variance in overall SSL; and 17%, 23%, 44%, 8%, 10% of the variance in knowledge, empowerment, competence, community influence, and political components of SSL respectively. SSL was positively associated with pre-migration and post-migration educational attainment, being employed in Australia, being a refugee, coming from the sub-Saharan region but negatively associated with age and coming from the East Asia and Pacific region. Across SSL dimensions, post-migration education was the only factor positively associated with the overall SSL and all SSL dimensions (except the political dimension). Employment status in Australia was also positively associated with competency and empowerment, but not other dimensions. Affiliating with a religion other than Christianity or Islam was negatively associated with knowledge and empowerment whilst being a refugee was positively associated with knowledge. Age was negatively associated with the empowerment and competency dimensions. The study provides evidence of the importance of some pre- and post-migration factors that can assist in developing targeted initiatives to enhance migrants’ SSL. Identifying factors that drive various components of SSL will allow for more focused development of specific dimensions and therefore is critical.
Welche nicht-intendierten Folgen hat Protestverhalten? Eine Panelanalyse zum Zusammenhang von Anti-Corona-Protesten und Demokratiezufriedenheit in Österreich
Authors: Rump Maike , Zwiener-Collins Nadine 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungUmfragedaten des Österreichischen Corona Panel Projects zeigen, dass im November 2021 etwa 17 % der ÖsterreicherInnen die Demonstrationen gegen die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Corona-Pandemie unterstützen. Gleichzeitig hat der Anteil der Personen, die der Meinung sind, dass die Demonstrationen gegen die Maßnahmen erlaubt sein sollten, um 5 Prozentpunkte abgenommen. Das spricht für einen breiten Zuspruch der Bevölkerung zu den Maßnahmen und eine Ablehnung derjenigen, die gegen diese demonstrieren. Während es bereits gut gesicherte Befunde dazu gibt, welche Einstellungen Menschen teilen, die sich an den Corona-Protesten beteiligen, wissen wir noch wenig über die Auswirkungen der Proteste auf die Bürgerinnen und Bürger, die nicht demonstrieren. Diese Frage ist insofern relevant, als dass die Forschung gezeigt hat, dass die Etablierung neuer Normen, wie sie die Pandemie hervorgebracht hat, in entscheidendem Maße von der (wahrgenommenen) Normbefolgung der Mitmenschen abhängt. Öffentlicher Protest kann dabei als Signal der Nichtbefolgung verstanden werden, was zu einer schwindenden Akzeptanz der Maßnahmen in der Gesamtbevölkerung führen könnte. Die Forschung hat zudem einen Zusammenhang zwischen Demokratiezufriedenheit und Protestverhalten nachgewiesen. Wenngleich aus demokratietheoretischer Sicht argumentiert werden kann, dass Protest Ausdruck einer funktionierenden Demokratie ist. Mit Daten des Österreichischen Corona Panel können wir zeigen, dass Vertrauen, Regierungszufriedenheit, die wahrgenommene gesundheitliche Gefahr, Vertrauen in den Gesundheitssektor und gesellschaftlicher Zusammenhalt signifikant auf die Demokratiezufriedenheit wirken. Menschen, die unzufrieden mit der Demokratie sind unterstützen nicht nur die Anti-Corona-Proteste, sondern stärkere Unterstützung hat auch einen stärkeren negativen Effekt auf die Demokratiezufriedenheit.
A modified viscosity iterative method for implicit midpoint rule for optimization and fixed point problems in CAT(0) spaces
Authors: Aremu K. O. , Izuchukwu C. , Ogwo G. N. , Mewomo O. T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a proximal point-type of viscosity iterative method with double implicit midpoint rule comprising of a nonexpansive mapping and the resolvents of a monotone operator and a bifunction. Furthermore, we establish that the sequence generated by our proposed algorithm converges strongly to an element in the intersection of the solution sets of monotone inclusion problem, equilibrium problem and fixed point problem for a nonexpansive mapping in complete CAT(0) spaces. In addition, we give a numerical example of our method each in a finite dimensional Euclidean space and a non-Hilbert space setting to show the applicability of our method . Our results complement many recent results in the literature.
Conversion of corn shell as biomass solid waste into carbon species for efficient decontamination of wastewater via heavy metals adsorption
Authors: Abou-Hadid Ayman F. , El-Behairy Usama A. , Elmalih Mahmoud M. , Amdeha Enas , Naggar Ahmed M. A. El , Taha Mohamed H. , Hussein Ahmed E. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBiomass-based solid residuals can be of serious hazardous environmental impacts if left for natural degradation. Thus, the proper utilization of such residuals is highly recommended. Therefore, one of solid residuals: namely, corn shell, was used in this study to synthesize carbon species (labeled as CS-C) as an adsorbent for efficient removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The structural properties and the textural characteristics of the prepared carbon species were verified. The present charges on the carbon surface were acquired via zeta potential analysis. The performance of CS-C, as adsorbent, was investigated through batch technique. Adsorption isotherm was optimally described using the Langmuir model reflecting that the removal process occurs at the homogenous surface of CS-C through a chemical reaction (surface complexation mechanism). The equilibrium state for the sorption process was reached after 4 h of interaction. The kinetic studies revealed the nice fit of heavy metal removal process to Pseudo-second-order model and the thermodynamics is matched to endothermic, spontaneous, and feasible sorption process. The displayed results could emphasize the high potentiality of CS-C to act as a remarkable sorbent for efficient tackling of water contaminants.
On frailty and accelerated aging during SARS-Cov-2: senescence
Authors: Müller-Werdan Ursula , Polidori M. Cristina , Simm Andreas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is a burden for the worldwide healthcare systems. Whereas a clear age-dependent mortality can be observed, especially multimorbid and frail persons are at an increased risk. As bio-functional rather than calendrical age is in the meanwhile known to play a crucial role for COVID-19-related outcomes, aging-associated risk factors, overall prognosis and physiological age-related changes should be systematically considered for clinical decision-making. In this overview, we focus on cellular senescence as a major factor of biological aging, associated with organ dysfunction and increased inflammation (inflammaging).
The Impact of COVID-19 on Well-Being: Welsh Children’s Perspectives
Authors: Hampton Jennifer , McAuley Colette 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic saw drastic and unprecedented actions by governments to mitigate the spread of the virus. Often, the restrictions limited in-person interaction and included the closure of schools. To investigate the impact of both the pandemic and resulting restrictions, the International Society of Child Indicators developed the Childrens Worlds: COVID-19 Supplement. This paper reports on the results of that survey in Wales in 2021. Seven hundred and twenty seven children from 18 schools participated from years 6 and 8. They received an anonymous survey asking about their circumstances and well-being across a range of domains, and how these have changes during the pandemic. The children had experienced significant changes in their lives with the onset of the pandemic. The majority could not attend school, were confined to their homes, and were unable to see wider family and friends in person. Almost a half of both groups felt that their relationships with family they lived with had improved, with many becoming closer to members. Over one-fifth of both groups thought their relationships with friends were affected, with younger children more likely to think they had improved. The pattern throughout the survey was that the older children were less positive in their responses. The disparity between the groups was markedly so regarding school with the secondary schoolchildren being particularly dissatisfied with the content of their learning. Whereas there was a trend for less disparity between the groups during COVID-19, the only area where the disparity increased was regarding satisfaction with school. These findings are then placed in the context of developments in education in Wales and research on the impact of COVID on Welsh schools and schoolchildren. As in other countries, the pandemic would appear to have exacerbated existing educational inequalities.