bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical presentation and outcome of gastric impactions with or without concurrent intestinal lesions in horses
Authors: Talbot Sophie E. , Tallon Rose , Dunkel Bettina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastric impactions (GI) have been identified as primary lesions (lone GI; LGI) or associated with other intestinal lesions (concurrent GI; CGI). Anecdotally, CGI resolve more rapidly with a better prognosis than LGI.ObjectivesTo determine clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings, and short‐ and long‐term survival in horses with GI. We hypothesized that LGI carries a worse prognosis than CGI.Animals.Seventy‐one horses from 2 referral hospitals (2007‐2022).MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Gastric impactions were defined as feed extending to the margo plicatus after ≥24 hours of fasting. Clinical, diagnostic and outcome findings were compared between LGI and CGI. Long‐term survival was determined by a questionnaire.ResultsTwenty‐seven horses had LGI, 44 had CGI. Large intestinal lesions (32/44) were more common than small intestinal lesions (12/44). Concurrent gastric impactions resolved more slowly than LGI (LGI median 2 days, range 0‐8; CGI median 4 days, range 1‐10; P = .003). Short‐ (LGI 63%, 17/27; CGI 59%, 26/44; P = .75) and long‐term survival (LGI 3.5 ± 1.9 years; CGI 2.3 ± 2.3 years; P = .42) were not significantly different. However, Lone gastric impactions were more likely to experience gastric rupture (LGI 29.6%, 8/27; CGI 11.4%, 5/44; P = .05). Lone gastric impactions were 8.7 times more likely to require dietary changes (LGI 72.7%, 8/11; CGI 25%, 4/16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53‐49.22; P = .01). Gastric impactions recurred in 21.7% (LGI, 6/20; CGI, 4/26; P = .23) of affected horses.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceLone gastric impactions and CGI present similarly with a comparable prognosis, but LGI are more likely to rupture. Long‐term dietary changes are often necessary for horses with LGI.
Thirty‐two cats with effusive or non‐effusive feline infectious peritonitis treated with a combination of remdesivir and GS‐441524
Authors: Green Jodie , Syme Harriet , Tayler Sarah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGS‐441524 has been successfully used to treat feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats. However, the use of its prodrug, remdesivir, in combination with a PO GS‐441524 containing product for the treatment of FIP has not yet been described.ObjectivesDescribe treatment protocols, response to treatment and outcomes in cats with FIP treated with a combination of PO GS‐441524 and injectable remdesivir.AnimalsThirty‐two client‐owned cats diagnosed with effusive or non‐effusive FIP including those with ocular and neurological involvement.MethodsCats diagnosed with FIP at a single university hospital between August 2021 and July 2022 were included. Variables were recorded from time of diagnosis, and subsequent follow‐up information was obtained from the records of referring veterinarians. All surviving cats were observed for the entire 12‐week treatment period.ResultsCats received treatment with different combinations of IV remdesivir, SC remdesivir, and PO GS‐441524 at a median (range) dosage of 15 (10‐20) mg/kg. Clinical response to treatment was observed in 28 of 32 cats (87.5%) in a median (range) of 2 (1‐5) days. Twenty‐six of 32 cats (81.3%) were alive and in clinical and biochemical remission at the end of the 12‐week treatment period. Six of 32 cats (18.8%) died or were euthanized during treatment with 4 of the 6 cats (66%) dying within 3 days of starting treatment.ConclusionsWe describe the effective use of injectable remdesivir and PO GS‐441524 for the treatment of FIP in cats. Success occurred using different treatment protocols and with different presentations of FIP including cats with ocular and neurological involvement.
Endothelial autophagy is not required for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice with fatty liver
Authors: Hammoutene Adel , Tanguy Marion , Calmels Mélanie , Pravisani Riccardo , Albuquerque Miguel , Casteleyn Christophe , Slimani Lotfi , Sadoine Jeremy , Boulanger Chantal M. , Paradis Valérie , Gilgenkrantz Hélène , Rautou Pierre‐Emmanuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsPatients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have impaired liver regeneration. Liver endothelial cells play a key role in liver regeneration. In non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver endothelial cells display a defect in autophagy, contributing to NASH progression. We aimed to determine the role of endothelial autophagy in liver regeneration following liver resection in NAFLD.MethodsFirst, we assessed autophagy in primary endothelial cells from wild type mice fed a high fat diet and subjected to partial hepatectomy. Then, we assessed liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice deficient (Atg5lox/lox;VE‐cadherin‐Cre+) or not (Atg5lox/lox) in endothelial autophagy and fed a high fat diet. The role of endothelial autophagy in liver regeneration was also assessed in ApoE−/− hypercholesterolemic mice and in mice with NASH induced by methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diet.ResultsFirst, autophagy (LC3II/protein) was strongly increased in liver endothelial cells following hepatectomy. Then, we observed at 40 and 48 h and at 7 days after partial hepatectomy, that Atg5lox/lox;VE‐cadherin‐Cre+ mice fed a high fat diet had similar liver weight, plasma AST, ALT and albumin concentration, and liver protein expression of proliferation (PCNA), cell‐cycle (Cyclin D1, BrdU incorporation, phospho‐Histone H3) and apoptosis markers (cleaved Caspase‐3) as Atg5lox/lox mice fed a high fat diet. Same results were obtained in ApoE−/− and methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diet fed mice, 40 h after hepatectomy.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that the defect in endothelial autophagy occurring in NASH does not account for the impaired liver regeneration occurring in this setting.
Patient and family engagement in Danish intensive care units: A national survey
Authors: Oxenbøll Collet Marie , Albertsen Helle , Egerod Ingrid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatient and family engagement in the intensive care unit increases the quality of care and patient safety.AimThe aim of our study was to describe current practice and experiences of contemporary patient and family engagement in the intensive care unit at the individual level, the organizational level, and in the research process according to critical care nurses.Design/MethodWe conducted a national qualitative survey of intensive care units in Denmark from 5th May–5th June 2021. Questionnaires were piloted and sent to intensive care nurse specialists and research nurses at 41 intensive care units, allowing one respondent per unit. All respondents were provided with written information about the study by email, and by activating the survey link, they accepted participation.ResultsThirty‐two nurses responded to the invitation, 24 completed and 8 partially completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 78%. At the individual level, 27 respondents stated that they involved patients and 25 said they involved family in daily treatment and care. At the organizational level, 28 intensive care units had an overall strategy or guideline for patient and family engagement, and 4 units had established a PFE panel. And, finally, 11 units engaged patients and families in the research process.ConclusionsOur survey suggested that patient and family engagement was implemented to some degree at the individual level, organizational level, and in the research process, but only 4 units had established a PFE panel at the organizational level, which is key to engagement.Relevance to Clinical PracticePatient engagement increases when patients are more awake, and family engagement increases when patients are unable to participate. Engagement increases when patient and family engagement panels are implemented.
Prescription pain medications for disorders of gut–brain interaction: Comparing usage patterns with clinical practice recommendations
Authors: LeBrett Wendi G. , Chang Lin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTreatment of gastrointestinal pain remains a significant challenge in the management of many disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI). Pharmacologic agents and various behavioral therapies are among the potential therapeutic options for pain‐predominant DGBI such as irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, functional heartburn, and centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome. In the retrospective study published in this journal, Luo et al. examine the use of prescription pain medications from a global perspective among patients with DGBI using the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study. This review article provides an overview of usage patterns of various pharmacologic pain management agents (opioids, central neuromodulators, antispasmodics, and other peripherally acting agents) and non‐pharmacologic therapies in the context of clinical practice recommendations on the management of DGBI pain.
Effects of apparatus dead space on volumetric capnograms in neonates with healthy lungs: a simulation study
Authors: Campos Marcelo D. , Palazzi Lucio H. , Böhm Stephan H. , Tusman Gerardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundVolumetric capnography in healthy ventilated neonates showed deformed waveforms, which are supposedly due to technological limitations of flow and carbon dioxide sensors.AimsThis bench study analyzed the role of apparatus dead space on the shape of capnograms in simulated neonates with healthy lungs.MethodsWe simulated mechanical breaths in neonates of 2, 2.5, and 3 kg of body weight using a neonatal volumetric capnography simulator. The simulator was fed by a fixed amount of carbon dioxide of 6 mL/kg/min. Such simulator was ventilated in a volume control mode using fixed ventilatory settings with a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg and respiratory rates of 40, 35, and 30 breaths per minute for the 2, 2.5 and 3 kg neonates, respectively. We tested the above baseline ventilation with and without an additional apparatus dead space of 4 mL.ResultsSimulations showed that adding the apparatus dead space to baseline ventilation increased the amount of re‐inhaled carbon dioxide in all neonates: 0.16 ± 0.01 to 0.32 ± 0.03 mL (2 kg), 0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.39 ± 0.05 mL (2.5 kg), and 0.13 ± 0.01 to 0.36 ± 0.05 mL (3 kg); (p < .001). Apparatus dead space was computed as part of the airway dead space, and therefore, the ratio of airway dead space to tidal volume increased from 0.51 ± 0.04 to 0.68 ± 0.06, from 0.43 ± 0.04 to 0.62 ± 0.01 and from 0.38 ± 0.01 to 0.60 ± 0.02 in the 2, 2.5 and 3 kg simulated neonates, respectively (p < .001). Compared to baseline ventilation, adding apparatus dead space decreased the ratio of the volume of phase III to VT size from 31% to 11% (2 kg), from 40% to 16% (2.5 kg) and from 50% to 18% (3 kg); (p < .001).ConclusionsThe addition of a small apparatus dead space artificially deformed the volumetric capnograms in simulated neonates with healthy lungs.
Characterization of chromatin accessibility and gene expression reveal the key genes involved in cotton fiber elongation
Authors: Chen Guoquan , Liu Zhao , Li Shengdong , Liu Le , Lu Lili , Wang Zhi , Mendu Venugopal , Li Fuguang , Yang Zuoren 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important economic crop, and cotton fiber is one of the longest plant cells, which provides an ideal model for the study of cell elongation and secondary cell wall synthesis. Cotton fiber length is regulated by a variety of transcription factors (TF) and their target genes; however, the mechanism of fiber elongation mediated by transcriptional regulatory networks is still unclear to a large extent. Here, we used a comparative assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with high‐throughput sequencing (ATAC‐seq) assay and RNA‐seq analysis to identify fiber elongation transcription factors and genes using the short‐fiber mutant ligon linless‐2 (Li2) and wild type (WT). A total of 499 differential target genes were identified and GO analysis shows that differential genes are mainly involved in plant secondary wall synthesis and microtubule‐binding processes. Analysis of the genomic regions preferentially accessible (Peak) has identified a number of overrepresented TF‐binding motifs, highlighting sets of TFs that are important for cotton fiber development. Using ATAC‐seq and RNA‐seq data, we have constructed a functional regulatory network of each TF regulatory target gene and also the network pattern of TF regulating differential target genes. Further, to obtain the genes related to fiber length, the differential target genes were combined with FLGWAS data to identify the genes highly related to fiber length. Our work provides new insights into cotton fiber elongation.
Stock market reactions to firm visits by presidents of the United States: George H. W. Bush through Donald J. Trump
Authors: Green Colby D. , Schuler Douglas A. , Zavyalova Anastasiya , Swartz Richard J. , Nault Kristen , Kazi Asiya K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe examine stock market reactions to public company visits and the public comments made therein by five presidents (George H. W. Bush through Donald J. Trump) over three decades (from 1989 to 2019). We find striking evidence that investors value these visits during periods of unified government or when the president announces favorable policy. However, a president's praise during the visit and his popularity at the time of the visit do not appear to have an impact on investors’ reactions. Our findings suggest that investors value affiliation with the president only when they perceive opportunities to obtain substantive policy benefits.
Dose–response associations of Monitor‐Independent Movement Summary with health‐related fitness in youth
Authors: Burns Ryan Donald , Byun Wonwoo , Bai Yang , de Castro Silveira João Francisco , Reuter Cézane Priscila 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the dose–response associations between Monitor‐Independent Movement Summary (MIMS) units and health‐related fitness in youth. The sample comprised US children and adolescents who participated in the 2012 National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS; N = 1158, 48.9% female). Health‐related fitness domains were assessed using tests of cardiorespiratory endurance (timed maximal and graded treadmill tests), muscular strength (modified pull‐up and grip tests), and muscular endurance (plank test). Movement data were collected using wrist‐worn ActiGraph accelerometers with raw data processed using MIMS and the calculated metrics of average MIMS/day, Peak 60‐min MIMS, and Peak 30‐min MIMS. Weighted regression models examined linear associations between MIMS metrics and fitness test scores. Nonlinear associations were examined using weighted spline models with knots placed at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles. Models were adjusted for covariates and fit was examined using the coefficient of determination (R2). The strongest adjusted linear relationships included a positive association between MIMS/day (per every 1000 units) and maximal endurance times (b = 5.5 s, p < 0.001) and between Peak 60‐min MIMS (per every 10 units) and estimated aerobic capacity (b = 1.7 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001), modified pull‐ups (b = 0.7 reps, p < 0.001), and plank test scores (b = 5.0 s, p < 0.001). Linear spline models had slightly higher R2 values (R2 range = 16.9%–74.8%) compared to linear models (R2 range = 15.0%–74.5%). The relationship between MIMS metrics and fitness test scores was best modeled as piecewise linear functions. Although all MIMS metrics associated with cardiorespiratory endurance, Peak 60‐min MIMS showed stronger associations with tests of muscular strength and endurance.
Current advances in 2022: A critical review of selected topics by the Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB) Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee
Authors: Metcalf Ryan A. , Cohn Claudia S. , Bakhtary Sara , Gniadek Thomas , Gupta Gaurav , Harm Sarah , Haspel Richard L. , Hess Aaron S. , Jacobson Jessica , Lokhandwala Parvez M. , Murphy Colin , Poston Jacqueline N. , Prochaska Micah T. , Raval Jay S. , Saifee Nabiha H. , Salazar Eric , Shan Hua , Zantek Nicole D. , Pagano Monica B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee (CTMC) composes a summary of new and important advances in transfusion medicine (TM) on an annual basis. Since 2018, this has been assembled into a manuscript and published in Transfusion.Study design and methodsCTMC members selected original manuscripts relevant to TM that were published electronically and/or in print during calendar year 2022. Papers were selected based on perceived importance and/or originality. References for selected papers were made available to CTMC members to provide feedback. Members were also encouraged to identify papers that may have been omitted initially. They then worked in groups of two to three to write a summary for each new publication within their broader topic. Each topic summary was then reviewed and edited by two separate committee members. The final manuscript was assembled by the first and senior authors. While this review is extensive, it is not a systematic review and some publications considered important by readers may have been excluded.ResultsFor calendar year 2022, summaries of key publications were assembled for the following broader topics within TM: blood component therapy; infectious diseases, blood donor testing, and collections; patient blood management; immunohematology and genomics; hemostasis; hemoglobinopathies; apheresis and cell therapy; pediatrics; and health care disparities, diversity, equity, and inclusion.DiscussionThis Committee Report reviews and summarizes important publications and advances in TM published during calendar year 2022, and maybe a useful educational tool.
Production and cross-feeding of nitrite within
Prochlorococcus
populations
Authors: Berube Paul M. , O'Keefe Tyler J. , Rasmussen Anna , LeMaster Trent , Chisholm Sallie W. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Prochlorococcus
is an abundant photosynthetic bacterium in the open ocean, where nitrogen (N) often limits phytoplankton growth. In the low-light-adapted LLI clade of
Prochlorococcus
, nearly all cells can assimilate nitrite (NO
2
−
), with a subset capable of assimilating nitrate (NO
3
−
). LLI cells are maximally abundant near the primary NO
2
−
maximum layer, an oceanographic feature that may, in part, be due to incomplete assimilatory NO
3
−
reduction and subsequent NO
2
−
release by phytoplankton. We hypothesized that some
Prochlorococcus
exhibit incomplete assimilatory NO
3
−
reduction and examined NO
2
−
accumulation in cultures of three
Prochlorococcus
strains (MIT0915, MIT0917, and SB) and two
Synechococcus
strains (WH8102 and WH7803). Only MIT0917 and SB accumulated external NO
2
−
during growth on NO
3
−
. Approximately 20–30% of the NO
3
−
transported into the cell by MIT0917 was released as NO
2
−
, with the rest assimilated into biomass. We further observed that co-cultures using NO
3
−
as the sole N source could be established for MIT0917 and
Prochlorococcus
strain MIT1214 that can assimilate NO
2
−
but not NO
3
−
. In these co-cultures, the NO
2
−
released by MIT0917 is efficiently consumed by its partner strain, MIT1214. Our findings highlight the potential for emergent metabolic partnerships that are mediated by the production and consumption of N cycle intermediates within
Prochlorococcus
populations.

IMPORTANCE

Earth’s biogeochemical cycles are substantially driven by microorganisms and their interactions. Given that N often limits marine photosynthesis, we investigated the potential for N cross-feeding within populations of
Prochlorococcus
, the numerically dominant photosynthetic cell in the subtropical open ocean. In laboratory cultures, some
Prochlorococcus
cells release extracellular NO
2
−
during growth on NO
3
−
. In the wild,
Prochlorococcus
populations are composed of multiple functional types, including those that cannot use NO
3
−
but can still assimilate NO
2
−
. We show that metabolic dependencies arise when
Prochlorococcus
strains with complementary NO
2
−
production and consumption phenotypes are grown together on NO
3
−
. These findings demonstrate the potential for emergent metabolic partnerships, possibly modulating ocean nutrient gradients, that are mediated by cross-feeding of N cycle intermediates.
A microbial consortium alters intestinal
Pseudomonadota
and antimicrobial resistance genes in individuals with recurrent
Clostridioides difficile
infection
Authors: Rooney Ashley M. , Cochrane Kyla , Fedsin Stephanie , Yao Samantha , Anwer Shaista , Dehmiwal Satyender , Hota Susy , Poutanen Susan , Allen-Vercoe Emma , Coburn Bryan ,   MTOP Investigators, Allard Johane , Croitoru Kenneth , Gaisano Herbert , Guttman David , Taylor Valerie , Philpott Dana , Winer Dan 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Intestinal colonization with pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AROs) is associated with increased risk of infection. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has successfully been used to cure recurrent
Clostridioides difficile
infection (rCDI) and to decolonize intestinal AROs. However, FMT has significant practical barriers to safe and broad implementation. Microbial consortia represent a novel strategy for ARO and pathogen decolonization, with practical and safety advantages over FMT. We undertook an investigator-initiated analysis of stool samples collected from previous interventional studies of a microbial consortium, microbial ecosystem therapeutic (MET-2), and FMT for rCDI before and after treatment. Our aim was to assess whether MET-2 was associated with decreased
Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria
) and antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) burden with similar effects to FMT. Participants were selected for inclusion if baseline stool had
Pseudomonadota
relative abundance ≥10%. Pre- and post-treatment
Pseudomonadota
relative abundance, total ARGs, and obligate anaerobe and butyrate-producer relative abundances were determined by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. MET-2 administration had similar effects to FMT on microbiome outcomes. The median
Pseudomonadota
relative abundance decreased by four logs after MET-2 treatment, a greater decrease than that observed after FMT. Total ARGs decreased, while beneficial obligate anaerobe and butyrate-producer relative abundances increased. The observed microbiome response remained stable over 4 months post-administration for all outcomes.

IMPORTANCE

Overgrowth of intestinal pathogens and AROs is associated with increased risk of infection. With the rise in antimicrobial resistance, new therapeutic strategies that decrease pathogen and ARO colonization in the gut are needed. We evaluated whether a microbial consortium had similar effects to FMT on
Pseudomonadota
abundances and ARGs as well as obligate anaerobes and beneficial butyrate producers in individuals with high
Pseudomonadota
relative abundance at baseline. This study provides support for a randomized, controlled clinical trial of microbial consortia (such as MET-2) for ARO decolonization and anaerobe repletion.