bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying of the Covid-19 model by using the finite element method: Theoretical and numerical simulation
Authors: Alhejili Weaam , Khader M. M. , lotfy khaled , El-Bary A. , Adel M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study simulates the start of coronavirus infection using a mathematical model based on ordinary differential equations (Covid-19). Additionally, provide the numerical treatment and simulation of this model using the finite element approach (FEM). The goal of this research is to stop and slow the spread of a sickness that is ravaging the globe. A susceptible person may also transfer immediately to the quarantined class after the exposed person has been quarantined or moved to one of the contaminated classes. This model was employed by the researchers to account for both asymptomatic and symptomatic infected people. The proposed model is reduced to a set of algebraic equations using the FEM. The resulting system is then created as an optimization problem with constraints, which is subsequently optimized to obtain the solution and the unknown coefficients. The obtained findings are compared to those produced using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4). Finally, we calculate the residual error function of the approximation in order to validate the FEM, and it is presented in symmetric forms.
MSC 2010: 34A12; 41A30; 47H10; 65N20.
Analysis of Power-law Queues Using Maximum Entropy Framework: An Application to Performance Evaluation of Network Systems
Authors: Sharma Shachi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Extensive research on traffic of modern communication networks including Internet and wireless establish the presence of power-law behavior. However, developing traffic models capturing power-law characteristics is a difficult task due to analytical intractability. Adopting maximum entropy approach, a theoretical model Pow/Pow/1/∞ has been proposed recently. The paper extends the framework to build two new theoretical models Pow/Pow/1/K and Pow/Pow/K/K where both inter-arrival and service times follow power law distribution. Closed form expressions of queue length distribution and various performance measures are derived in terms of traffic intensity ρ. An explicit expression for state probability distribution of Pow/Pow/K/K is also derived and compared with well-known Erlang loss formula. Both queue length distribution and blocking probability are found to depict power-law implying that increasing buffers have little impact on improving the performance of systems in these cases. Numerical computations reveal that the mean queue length explodes as ρ tends to 0.5 resulting in longer delay. The variance of number of packets also depicts sharp rise as ρ approaches to 0.3. These results are in close agreement with the empirical studies carried out on real traffic traces in the past. The proposed models are useful in designing networks, dimensioning resources and developing congestion control algorithms.
Environmental impact of foreign direct investment in Turkey: does the quality of institutions matter? Evidence from time series anaylsis with the fourier extension
Authors: Avcı Gizem Mukiyen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) and ecological footprint (EFP) has exhibited a notable surge in Turkey since the 1980s. It is widely acknowledged that FDI can have a significant impact on ecological changes. The phenomenon whereby FDI contributes to environmental degradation is commonly referred to as the pollution haven hypothesis, whereas the converse phenomenon, whereby FDI mitigates environmental degradation, is known as the pollution halo hypothesis. On the other hand, institutional quality has a significant impact on the FDI-EFP relationship. In this study, the environmental effects of FDI in Turkey for the period 1984–2018 are examined employing time series with Fourier extension, considering the institutional quality. Fourier function models give more effective results in modeling structural breaks. Initially, the Fourier techniques are used to explore the unit root and cointegration relationship. Then, following cointegration, the DOLS estimator extended with Fourier terms are employed to derive the long-term coefficients. Ultimately, the causal relationship between the variables is examined through with the Fourier causality test. The results highlight that FDI increases environmental degradation (pollution haven hypothesis valid), whereas the interaction between FDI and institutional quality reduces environmental degradation (pollution halo hypothesis is valid). Based on these empirical results, this research suggests that enhancing the institutional quality in Turkey is likely to amplify the environmental advantages of FDI besides its economic benefits.
Evaluation the quality of Bag-Mask Ventilation by E/C, T/E and Hook technique (a new proposed technique)
Authors: Balafar Moloud , Pouraghaei Mahboub , Paknezhad Seyed Pouya , AhmadAbad Saba Nemati , Soleimanpour Hassan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Bag-Mask Ventilation (BMV) is a life-saving component in managing emergency airway requirements and induction of general anesthesia. It’s one of the essential skills that every physician should know how to do it properly. There are several techniques for doing BMV. In this study we aimed to compare the quality of ventilation by the E/C and thenar eminence (T/E) techniques and hook technique to suggest the best possible way for doing BMV by single person.
Method: first, a pilot study was done on manikins by 63 medical staff using hook method ventilation to evaluate its efficacy. Then, after the approval of the university ethics committee and obtaining the consent of the patient's guardians, the study was performed on 492 patients who admitted emergency department and were randomly divided into three groups and each group was ventilated by one technique. Patients in need of a reliable airway with an indication for rapid sequence intubation were included in the study. Patients were ventilated by a bag-mask attached to a capnograph by an operator, and ET Co2 was recorded. All demographic data were collected and analyzed by SPSS software version 22. The success rate was reported as frequency (percentage) as well as mean ± standard deviation.
Result: In comparison with PCO2 results obtained from capnography between T/E, E/C and hook techniques, the successful ventilation rate was 87.2% in the T/E method, 89.6% in E/C technique and 93.3% in the hook method. The success rate of ventilation with the hook method was considerably higher than two other methods. There was a significant difference in ventilation rate between three methods (Pv= 0.038). In the comparison between groups, the trend of PCO2 changes in different measurements was statistically significant (pv=0.006). Also, the within-group comparison of PCO2 changes in different measurements was statistically significant (P<0/001).
Conclusion: our study concluded that the success rate of ventilation with the hook method was considerably higher than the T/E and E/C methods. The results expressed that due to the chin lift maneuver while the mask is fixed on the face, for resuscitators with small hands and for long-term use without fatigue and finger pain, this method can be suggested as a new Bag-Mask Ventilation method. This study leads to the development of a new method for bad-mask ventilation called the hook method.
Trial registration:
IRCT registration number: IRCT20121010011067N5
URL of trial registry record: https://www.irct.ir/trial/57420
Date of trial registration: 2021-07-17.
Full date of the first registration: 2021-08-11.
Age-related Macular Degeneration – 8-year incidence and progression in a population living north of the Arctic Circle
Authors: Bertelsen Geir , Hareide Live , Hanno Therese , Sneve Monica , Moe Morten , Peto Tunde , Erke Maja , Strøm Marianne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Estimate the 8-year incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration in an elderly Caucasian population living north of the Arctic Circle.
Methods: This population-based cohort study included 2806 participants from the Tromsø Eye Study. Participants ≥ 55 years at baseline examination in 2007-08, who were re-examined in 2015-16, and had gradable digital colour fundus photographs (CFP) from at least one eye at both time points were included. CFP was graded for the most severe phenotype based on drusen size, geographic atrophy (GA), and neovascular AMD (nvAMD). Participants were asked if they had received treatment for AMD. Positive answers were validated by medical records. We calculated incidence based on the grading of CFP alone and combined with information about treatment for nvAMD.
Results: The overall incidence of late AMD (GA and nvAMD) was 2.0 per 1000 person-years, with an 8-year cumulative incidence of 1.6 %. Information about anti-VEGF therapy did not change this estimate. The incidence increased with age, reaching maximum of 8.1 per 1000 person-years for participants aged 75-79 years. Incident late AMD was strongly associated with drusen size at baseline; 32.2% of the participants aged 75-79 years with large drusen at baseline developed late AMD. The 8-year cumulative incidence for progression to a more severe AMD grade was 30.9 %.
Conclusions: The incidence of late AMD in a population living north of the Arctic Circle is comparable to other populations with European ancestry. Older age and large drusen are associated with an increased risk of developing late AMD.
Differential responses to habitat structure and degradation by two Grassbirds (Fam. Locustellidae) syntopic in floodplain grassland
Authors: Jahan Israt , Round Philip D. , Thompson Paul M. , Savini Tommaso , Gale George A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Wetland grassland birds world-wide face mounting threats due to habitat destruction especially in the Indo-Gangetic floodplains, where in addition to intense human use, primarily for agriculture, there is a paucity of baseline information to inform conservation and management. We examined the response of two co-occurring floodplain grassland specialists, the globally threatened Bristled GrassbirdSchoenicola striatusand widespread but little-studied Striated GrassbirdMegalurus palustris, to habitat structure and human use in floodplain grassland at two sites, one on the lower Ganges River and one on the Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh through point counts combined with vegetation surveys. Responses from the breeding seasons of 2018 and 2019 were assessed by linear models and bird densities estimated using distance sampling. Results indicate that the occurrence of Bristled Grassbird increased with homogeneous tallSaccharumgrass cover but decreased with increased crop cover, which may be the main driver of its decline. Striated Grassbird showed a more generalized pattern of positive association with tall grassland vegetation including taller crops and exotic plants, but was also positively associated with grass harvesting indicating a lack of dependence on homogeneous grassland. Although the density of Striated Grassbirds at the Brahmaputra site was 3–4 times greater than that of Bristled Grassbird, it was absent from the other (Ganges) site, revealing previously unappreciated micro-habitat preferences. Comparison with a more common species provided a clearer understanding of habitat and human influences on the more threatened grassbird. Conservation of Bristled Grassbird requires careful management of grass harvesting and cattle grazing.
The effect of growth regulators on the formation of Solanum tuberosum L. micro-plants in vitro
Authors: Asakaviciute Rita 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Micro-plants of different varieties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) of different ripening times: very early ‘VB Venta’, early ‘Goda’, medium ‘VB Meda’ and very late ‘VB Aista’, as well as growth regulators IAR (indole-3-acetic acid) and kinetin (6-furfuryl aminopurine). The length (cm) and weight (g) of the potato micro-plants were evaluated during testing. Microplant explants were grown in modified MS nutrient medium with different amounts of growth regulators. The results of auxin (IAR) studies showed that the highest number of micro-plants grew from the ‘VB Meda’ variety (10.03 ± 0.96 cm), and the lowest number of micro-plants grew from ‘VB Venta’ (6.2 ± 0.75 cm); the explosives of the ‘VB Meda’ variety (0.218 ± 0.09 g) formed the largest mass of micro-plants. At a concentration of 1.75 ml l− 1 auxin, a sudden increase in the length and weight of the micro-plants was observed. The results of experiments using kinetin showed that the length of potato micro-plants of different genotypes is not the same. The longest micro-plants were formed by the ‘VB Meda’ variety (9.03 ± 0.18 cm) and the smallest by ‘VB Venta’ (5.20 ± 0.15 cm) explants. Increases in the length and weight of micro-plants were observed using kinetin at a concentration of 0.8 ml l− 1.
Two error controllable computing algorithms for the CDF of doubly non-central beta distribution
Authors: Ma Fangfang , Jiao Xiang , Li Han , Tian Yinhua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Since the cumulative distribution function(CDF) of the doubly non-central beta distribution can be represented by the infinite double series, therefore, truncating the summation of the series can obtain the approximate value of CDF. The existing numerical computation methods must specify the truncating range and cannot estimate the calculation error. In this paper, two new numerical computation methods based on the division on the infinite double series, named DIV1 and DIV2, are proposed. Both methods can perform automated calculations after configuring the error control lines, the truncating range does not need to be determined, and their computation times are comparable. After detailed derivation, the upper error bounds of both methods are obtained, which means that the accuracy of the two methods can be determined precisely. Therefore, this paper recommends two methods to calculate the CDF of the doubly non-central beta distribution.
Lycium Barbarum Glycopeptide alleviates neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury via modulating docosahexaenoic acid to inhibiting MAPKs/NF-kB and pyroptosis pathways.
Authors: Jiang Zhanfeng , Zeng Zhong , He He , Li Mei , Lan Yuanxiang , Hui Jianwen , Bie Pengfei , Chen Yanjun , Han Qian , Fan Heng , Xia Hechun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) is an activity ingredient extracted from Lycium barbarum, which has the effect of inhibiting neuroinflammation. Lycium Barbarum Glycopeptide (LbGp) is a glycoprotein with immunological activity that is further purified and isolated from LBP. Previous studies have shown that LbGp can regulate the immune microenvironment, but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.
Aims
In this study, we aim to explore the mechanism of action of LbGp in the treatment of spinal cord injury through metabolomics and molecular experiments. Methods SD male rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups, and after establishing the spinal cord hemisection model, LbGp was administered orally, and the spinal cord tissue was sampled on the seventh day after surgery for molecular and metabolomic experiments. In vitro, LbGp was administered to mimic the inflammatory microenvironment by activating microglia, and its mechanism of action in suppressing neuroinflammation was further elaborated by metabolomics and molecular biology techniques such as western blot, q-PCR.
Results
Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, it was found that LbGp can improve the inflammatory microenvironment by inhibiting the NF-kB and pyroptosis pathways. Furthermore, it was found that LbGp can induce the secretion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by microglia, and DHA can inhibit neuroinflammation through the MAPKs/NF-kB and pyroptosis pathways.
Conclusions
In summary, we believe that LbGp improves the inflammatory microenvironment by regulating the secretion of DHA in microglia, thereby inhibiting the MAPKs/NF-kB and pyroptosis pathways, promoting nerve repair and motor function recovery. This study provides a new direction for the treatment of spinal cord injury and elucidates the potential mechanism of action of LbGp.
Evaluation of diversity in selected populations of Iranian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) using ISSR markers
Authors: Jorjandi Fatemeh Khorshidi , Khoshroo Sayed Mohammad Reza , Toolir Javad Farrokhi , Damankeshan Bahareh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is cultivated mainly in arid and semiarid regions of the south and southwest of Iran. Sixty-nine Iranian genotypes were selected from 13 populations. One Moroccan genotype was also included in the experiment. The genotypes were sampled in Azizabad agro-research station in Kerman province, Iran. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 10, totaling 65. Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 6 to 30%, averaging at 19.4%. The highest and lowest values of effective alleles were found in Kerman (Ne = 1.49) and Bushehr (Ne = 1.15), respectively. The highest value of the Shannon index (I = 40%) and polymorphic loci percentage (PL = 67.69%) were detected in the ‘Kerman’ population. A high degree of genetic diversity was found in the ‘Hormozgan’ population (He = 0.26). The highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.983) was observed between Kerman and Hormozgan. Based on Nei’s genetic identity, the first two principal coordinates (PCoA) showed that the populations of Fars, Morocco, and Bushehr were classified as three separate groups, unlike the Kerman, Hormozgan, Khuzestan, and Persian Gulf Basin (PGB) populations. In addition, bilateral charts and genetic relatedness among the genotypes were illustrated by STRUCTURE software, which divided the 70 date palm genotypes into seven groups. The grouping of genotypes did not correlate with their geographical distribution. Thus, the Q-values of the genotypes grouped most of them as mixed. It seems that a lack of clear separation among the genotypes was because of their shared genetic background. To assist in future crossing programs, our findings showed that ISSR markers prioritized several male stocks of date palm.
Building Trust in Deep Learning-based Immune Response Predictors with Interpretable Explanations
Authors: Borole Piyush , Rajan Ajitha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The ability to predict whether a peptide will get presented on Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules has profound implications in designing vaccines. Numerous deep learning-based predictors for peptide presentation on MHC class I molecules exist with high levels of accuracy. However, these MHC class I predictors are treated as black-box functions, providing little insight into their decision making. To build trust in these predictors, it is crucial to understand the rationale behind their decisions with human-interpretable explanations. We present MHCXAI, eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques to help interpret the outputs from MHC class I predictors in terms of input peptide features. In our experiments, we explain the outputs of four state-of-the-art MHC class I predictors over a large dataset of peptides and MHC alleles. Additionally, we evaluate the reliability of the explanations by comparing against ground truth and checking their robustness. MHCXAI seeks to increase understanding of deep learning-based predictors in the immune response domain and build trust with validated explanations
Evaluation of the role of Computed tomography in detection of complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Mousa Ahmed Hafez , Tarabay Ahmed , Mehana Elsayed Mohamed , Alajmi Moudhi Mohammed , Maghrebi Tasneem Khalid , Bondogji Raghad , Almonaye Haleema Sami , Radwan Hanin , Khaled Islam 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aim Obesity is a significant global health care issue with a huge impact on individuals' well being. Sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical procedure involving the resection of part the stomach leading to reduction in its volume resulting in reduced food intake and weight loss. The objective of our study is to ascertain whether a routine postoperative CT scan is an effective tool for early detection of complications post LSG or notMethods A retrospective descriptive study conducted in a single tertiary center hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia through a period of three months from January to March 2022. Only those patients who had done a sleeve-gastrectomy plus post-operative computed tomography scan were included.Results A total of 112 patients were a part of this study. Among the included patients, 73 (65.2%) were females, and 39 (34.8%) were males, with a mean age of 36.2 [14–70] years; furthermore, the mean body mass index of those patients was shown to be 46.3 [29–77] kg/m2. For surgical complications, 18 (16.1%) cases of anastomotic leaks were radiologically diagnosed making it the most frequent type of surgical complications. Morbidity according to non-surgical complications includes atelectasis, which was diagnosed in 33.9% (38) (of the patients in contrast to cases of pleural effusions which were less occurring in 23.2% (26) of the patients.Conclusion In summary, among our studied cohort, we found that the most commonly detected surgical complication using CT post sleeve gastrectomy was anastomotic leaks, whereas the most non-surgical complication was found to be atelectasis
Effect of repeated tensile load damage on chloride-ion transport properties in concrete
Authors: Zhang Qingzhang , Fang Yan , Wang Feng , Song Li , Jiang Heng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Concrete structures in marine environments often face durability problems owing to the coupled action of external loads and chloride-ion erosion. Therefore, in this study, we conducted chloride ion tests on damaged concrete at four tensile stress levels and three varying number of load cycles. The test results indicate that an increase in the tensile stress and number of load cycles results in a gradual increase in the concrete damage coefficient. At fewer cycles, 50% tensile stress was the critical threshold point of damage; the damage was evident beyond this range. As the number of cycles increased, the damage increased gradually up to the critical threshold and thereafter increased rapidly. With an increase in the tensile stress level, the diffusion coefficient of chloride ions increased gradually; the loading degree improved the permeability of chloride ions. In addition, based on the theory of linear fatigue cumulative damage to concrete, a mathematical model of the relationship between the load factor and concrete damage coefficient was established. Using this model, a prediction model for the chloride ion diffusion coefficient was proposed considering the tensile stress level, load cycle number, and other load factors.