bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1.2.4 A Web‐Enabled, Collaborative Solution for Product Development: The Enterprise Process Analysis Toolkit for Affordability (ePATA)
Authors: Moulder Roger D. , Reed Bruce R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe virtual enterprise is becoming a reality. With the advances in communication and computer technology, organizations now have the capability to conduct real business over the Internet. From weekly staff meetings to actual product design and services, it is now possible to sit in the comfort of your own office and collaborate with your colleagues electronically. These advances are especially advantageous to those companies involved in the design and manufacture of new products. The focus of this paper is to present the progress made in developing software tools to support the Air Force Research Laboratory's Science and Technology (S&T) Integrated Product and Process Development (IPPD) process. The IPPD process applies a systems engineering approach to the research and development phase of system design using modified six sigma methods to provide a measurable way to evaluate and decide among competing design approaches. This measurement‐based approach involves an Integrated Product Team (IPT) comprising experts from every aspect of the project. They determine customer requirements and candidate technologies that may answer those requirements, then apply a series of metrics to analyze the technologies for performance, producibility, cost, schedule and risk tradeoffs to arrive at the best value design. Early research efforts indicated several tools would be needed to support the activities of the process. From requirements management to workflow, a suite of tools would provide program managers, scientists, engineers, cost analysts, etc. with the capability to effectively carry out their various duties in an integrated environment.The enterprise version of PATA is appropriately named Enterprise PATA or ePATA. Implemented in JAVA, ePATA will run on any computer platform that provides an Internet connection and an appropriate Web browser. Besides such benefits as ease of maintenance and support, this type of implementation provides an enterprise capability for product development. That is, ePATA offers the capability to conduct systems engineering activities in a Web‐enabled, virtual enterprise environment. By way of review, we first present the S&T IPPD Process background. Next, we cover the first iteration of the tools to support the process—PATA. Finally, we discuss ePATA, its architecture, and functionality.
1.3.1 Design‐to‐Market ‐ From Product Development to Market Potential
Authors: Vollerthun Andreas , Igenbergs Eduard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a continuous information based model and process that integrates traditionally separated activities of marketing/market forecasting, determining requirements, and creating first conceptual designs. The process focuses on the very early systems engineering activities and aims at establishing a link between the economic and technical world of today's product development. This link is realized by mapping characteristic design parameters on market volume and thus evaluating different design alternatives. A general process of market, requirements, and concepts is proposed. Within this paper the focus is on the initial phase of market forecasting and establishes the link to the requirements phase. Using the development of the European satellite navigation system and the German market as an example, the initial process steps are demonstrated.
2.3.3 Fuzzy Sets as Requirements Antecedents
Authors: Carson Ronald S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArguments for requirements completeness have relied on the notions of mutually exclusive and universally complete antecedents to ensure complete requirements. The world of hardware tolerances suggests that mutual exclusivity and completeness may not be simultaneously achievable in realistic systems. The discipline of “fuzzy logic” does not require such mutual exclusivity, and the achievement of universally complete antecedents is inherent in the methodology. We show that the use of fuzzy logic methods is more appropriate for design rather than requirements definition.
8.3.4 The Relationship of Technology Change Management to Risk Management
Authors: Mosier S. P. , Guenterberg S. A. , Raphael R. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs the rate of technology change accelerates, technology change management and the risks associated with technology change grow increasingly important to every systems engineering endeavor. This paper provides an overview of both risk management and technology change management so the similarities of these processes can be highlighted. Further, this paper describes the interactions and synergies between risk management and technology change management, and between the specific elements of these two critical processes.
7.4.4 Complex System Product Development: Adding Value by Creating Information and Reducing Risk
Authors: Browning Tyson R. , Eppinger Steven D. , Deyst John J. , Whitney Daniel E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany firms expend a great amount of effort to identify and eliminate waste in their processes. Much recent effort has focused on lean manufacturing. Now lean product development has become a goal as well. Yet, in product development, determining how and when value is added is problematic. The goal of a product development process is to produce a product “recipe” that satisfies requirements. Design work is done both to specify the recipe in increasing detail and to verify that it does in fact conform to requirements. As design work proceeds, certainty increases surrounding the ability of the evolving product (and production process) design specifications to be the final product recipe (i.e., performance risk decreases). The goal of this paper is to advance the theory and practice of evaluating progress and added value in complex system product development. The paper proposes that making progress and adding value (to the customer) in complex system product development equate with producing useful information that reduces performance risk. The paper also contributes a methodology—the risk value method—that integrates current approaches such as technical performance measure (TPM) tracking charts and risk waterfall charts.
8.4.4 The Discovery Based Development Approach: A Process Aberration Or A Better Way To Develop Complex Applications?
Authors: Shupp Jeffrey K. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe world of complex software systems has been marred by a less than stellar track record. These systems have largely been the domain of civil or military government procurement, as opposed to commercial industry, since the former institutions can absorb not only the tremendous initial costs and long development time, but also the intrinsically higher risk of initial failure. However, the commercial world is beginning to move quickly toward much more sophisticated applications, and evidence suggests similar or worse rates of failures as complexity is increased.One such complex system has been under development for five years at M&DS. In early 1998, it was headed for a classic default of specified capabilities on all major fronts: runtime performance, functional stability and quality. This paper examines the circumstances that led to this state, and the success that has since been achieved. Most important is not the fact that a recovery had been accomplished, but rather how a new approach, called out in this paper as Discovery Based Development, was instituted to repair the damage and reputation in weeks instead of months or years. Armed with this technique, and applied earlier in the normal incremental or spiral developments that typify the commercial marketplace, a much higher success rate is quite possible for complex systems.
2.6.2 An Approach to Develop a Systems Engineering Curriculum For Human Capital and Process Improvement
Authors: Burke Gregory D. , Harrison Michael J. , Fenton Robert E. , Carlock Paul G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the approach taken by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to develop a Systems Engineering curriculum. The curriculum is designed and intended to support broader Agency initiatives for improving workforce professionalism, as well as product development and in‐service operations life‐cycle processes. It focuses not only on the knowledge base needed to perform satisfactorily as a systems engineer in the FAA, but also on the behavioral competencies needed for effective interactions in the FAA's team‐intensive system development environment. The required knowledge and behavioral competencies were defined first, and then an integrated professional development approach was conceived that stresses the acquisition of needed skills and competencies through a combination of on‐the‐job assignments and experiences, formal education and training courses, and self‐guided learning. The FAA's curriculum development approach provides a useful model for other organizations with similar goals and objectives to consider.
5.6.2 The Maturing Systems Engineering Data Exchange Standard AP‐233 & Your Role
Authors: Johnson Julian , Barbeau Sylvain , Herzog Erik , Giblin Michael 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe data exchange standard identified as AP‐233, ‘systems engineering application protocol’ is to be established within the framework of ISO 10303, “STEP”, the Standard for the Technical Exchange of Product Data. The standard activity was initiated, and much initial technical work was pursued, by the European research project SEDRES. The work within AP‐233 has continued, building on the work of SEDRES, with a global industrial representation. This paper gives a status report on the AP‐233 activity. A follow‐on project SEDRES‐2, with expanded consortium, is well underway. The essence of the SEDRES‐2 mission statement is:to extend, validate and standardise the Systems Engineering (SE) data model and nurture its practical implementation and multi‐sector exploitation as a key enabler for industry. This paper explains the objectives, approach, time scales, and extended data scope of the SEDRES‐2 project, and gives a preview of early results from this next stage in achieving a comprehensive, workable systems engineering data exchange standard. Finally, it explains the significance of AP‐233 to your work, and what you can do to contribute to achieving the goal of a supported and adopted SE data standard.
6.6.1 Systems Engineering: From Process towards Profession
Authors: Arnold Stuart 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSystems engineering competence is concerned with people, their development and how they make skilled engineering contributions to meet society's demanding need for quality system products and services. System life cycle processes, currently the subject of international standardization efforts, are used as a basis for developing a systems engineering competency framework. The value of this approach is seen to lie in the adoption of commonly agreed processes whose combined scope better matches the concept of systems engineering as a discipline. The progressive development of objective and assessable attainment levels for each life cycle process, based on a simple competency model, is seen as a route to structuring the development and achievement of recognised levels of individual systems engineering professionalism.
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Melflufen, an Alkylating Peptide–Drug Conjugate, in Patients with Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Huledal Gunilla , Ruiz‐Garcia Ana , Kawakatsu Sonoko , Wang Xiaoning , Sjöberg Per , Gullbo Joachim , Pekar David , Norin Stefan , Jerling Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMelphalan flufenamide (melflufen) is a novel lipophilic peptide–drug conjugate recently approved in the European Union and the United Kingdom for the treatment of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma. Melflufen rapidly crosses the cell membrane, and inside tumor cells, melflufen utilizes peptidases and esterases to release entrapped hydrophilic metabolites with alkylating activity. In vitro, in whole blood, melflufen was rapidly distributed into blood cells and quickly converted to its main metabolite melphalan, with maximum cellular concentrations of noncovalently bound melflufen and melphalan after 1 and 6 minutes, respectively. Melphalan outflow from blood cells was slow, with peak concentrations in plasma after 25 minutes. The pharmacokinetics of melflufen was best described by a 2‐compartment model. Following a 30‐minutes intravenous infusion of 40 mg in 27 patients with relapsed refactory multiple myeloma, mean half‐life in the α phase of the curve was 1.24 minutes, half‐life in the β phase of the curve 26.7 minutes, and clearance 13.4 L/min. Desethyl‐melflufen exposure was below 20% compared to melflufen. Based on population analysis (298 patients with relapsed refactory multiple myeloma), the melphalan pharmacokinetics were well characterized by a 3‐compartment model with melflufen dosing into a peripheral compartment, assuming instantaneous distribution of melflufen into cells and subsequent rapid metabolism to melphalan. Mean clearance and central and deep peripheral volumes of distribution were 22.4 L/h, 2.70 L, and 51.3 L, respectively. Clearance increased and maximum concentration decreased with increasing body weight and estimated glomerular filtration rate. In conclusion, melflufen administration differs from melphalan administration by a more rapid distribution into cells, which, in conjunction with a rapid intracellular metabolism, allows for higher maximum concentrations of alkylating agents, and by a more extensive distribution of melphalan to peripheral tissues.
A health system's journey to preventing workplace violence: Use of multidisciplinary teamwork to unify efforts across a health system
Authors: Malone Jamie E. , Campbell Thomas P. , Curtis Ann M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWorkplace violence (WPV) is known to threaten the safety of patients and staff. In 2018, a wellness survey showed many employees had not received training on WPV prevention and felt unprepared to manage aggression. The health network's leaders knew they needed to take action. From various multidisciplinary committees, the leaders were able to create a comprehensive WPV prevention program. Some of the highlights of this program include forming a centralized security department, codes of conduct, and crisis response process, adopting tools to predict violence, and providing a range of education. Data from WPV events showed the health network had a statistically significant reduction in WPV events from 2020 to 2021. However, WPV events increased in 2022. This increase in 2022 mirrors national trends in WPV. There are a number of factors that may have impacted this increase. Regardless, the leaders at the health network are dedicated to continuously improving the WPV prevention program. Some of the ongoing projects include improving data collection methods and building a long‐term notification for highly violent individuals. This WPV prevention program relies on the commitment of its multidisciplinary team members and focuses on taking care of patients while also prioritizing the wellness of the staff.
Can wormlike micelle stiffness be estimated from zero‐shear viscosity? Experimental investigation with a model system and specific salt interactions
Authors: Alawami Nour S. , Weigandt Katie , Weston Javen S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe microstructure of wormlike micelles (WLM) directly affects the rheological properties of their solutions. Investigating the structure–property relationships of WLM has long been a popular topic for researchers who have developed theoretical and empirical models to describe their viscoelastic behavior. All these models rely on a collection of characteristic “length” parameters that are often difficult to estimate using relatively simple rheological tests. In particular, the micelle stiffness, as described by the persistence length, can be difficult to measure experimentally, while being very impactful on the bulk rheology of WLM solutions. Here, an array of inorganic salts (NaCl, LiCl, MgCl2, NaBr, NaI, and Na2SO4) have been used to induce wormlike micelle formation in an aqueous solution of the surfactant sodium lauryl ether sulfate. Ion dissociation/association with the surfactant head groups and the hydrogen bond network of the water alters the effective stiffness of the micelles, allowing for an estimation of the stiffness using three different methods: (1) small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements, (2) oscillatory rheological measurements, and (3) steady rheological measurements with a thermodynamic packing parameter model. Each of these methods are then compared and shown to be consistent with each other for the micelle solutions tested. The consistency of the results across all the measurements suggests that the approach used in this study, which estimates micelle parameters using steady shear rheology and a thermodynamic model, could provide a simpler and more accessible method for estimating micelle parameters in a wide range of surfactant systems.
Automatic planning for head and neck seed implant brachytherapy based on deep convolutional neural network dose engine
Authors: Xiao Zhuo , Xiong Tianyu , Geng Lishen , Zhou Fugen , Liu Bo , Sun Haitao , Ji Zhe , Jiang Yuliang , Wang Junjie , Wu Qiuwen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeed implant brachytherapy (SIBT) is an effective treatment modality for head and neck (H&N) cancers; however, current clinical planning requires manual setting of needle paths and utilizes inaccurate dose calculation algorithms.PurposeThis study aims to develop an accurate and efficient deep convolutional neural network dose engine (DCNN‐DE) and an automatic SIBT planning method for H&N SIBT.MethodsA cohort of 25 H&N patients who received SIBT was utilized to develop and validate the methods. The DCNN‐DE was developed based on 3D‐unet model. It takes single seed dose distribution from a modified TG‐43 method, the CT image and a novel inter‐seed shadow map (ISSM) as inputs, and predicts the dose map of accuracy close to the one from Monte Carlo simulations (MCS). The ISSM was proposed to better handle inter‐seed attenuation. The accuracy and efficacy of the DCNN‐DE were validated by comparing with other methods taking MCS dose as reference. For SIBT planning, a novel strategy inspired by clinical practice was proposed to automatically generate parallel or non‐parallel potential needle paths that avoid puncturing bone and critical organs. A heuristic‐based optimization method was developed to optimize the seed positions to meet clinical prescription requirements. The proposed planning method was validated by re‐planning the 25 cases and comparing with clinical plans.ResultsThe absolute percentage error in the TG‐43 calculation for CTV V100 and D90 was reduced from 5.4% and 13.2% to 0.4% and 1.1% with DCNN‐DE, an accuracy improvement of 93% and 92%, respectively. The proposed planning method could automatically obtain a plan in 2.5 ± 1.5 min. The generated plans were judged clinically acceptable with dose distribution comparable with those of the clinical plans.ConclusionsThe proposed method can generate clinically acceptable plans quickly with high accuracy in dose evaluation, and thus has a high potential for clinical use in SIBT.
Alle kannten jemanden in der Chemie
Authors: Schaffner Nicholas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDie Ausstellung „Arbeitswelt Chemie“ im Chemiemuseum Basel gibt Einblick in die Blütezeit der Basler chemischen Industrie in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Dabei haben die Ausstellungsmacher die Perspektive der Arbeitenden eingenommen, die in Produktion, Dienstleistung, Forschung und Verwaltung tätig waren.
Naltrexone/bupropion for binge‐eating disorder: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Grilo Carlos M. , Lydecker Janet A. , Jastreboff Ania M. , Pittman Brian , McKee Sherry A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveBinge‐eating disorder (BED) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder associated with obesity. Few evidence‐based treatments exist for BED, particularly pharmacological options. This study tested the efficacy of naltrexone/bupropion for BED.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 12‐week trial tested naltrexone/bupropion for BED with and without obesity. Eighty‐nine patients (70.8% women, 69.7% White, mean age 45.7 y, mean BMI 35.1 kg/m2, 77.5% with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were randomized to placebo (n = 46) or naltrexone/bupropion (n = 43), with randomization stratified by obesity status and gender; 92.1% completed post‐treatment assessments.ResultsMixed models of binge‐eating frequency revealed significant reductions that did not differ significantly between naltrexone/bupropion and placebo. Logistic regression of binge‐eating remission rates revealed that naltrexone/bupropion and placebo did not differ significantly. Obesity status did not predict, or moderate, binge‐eating outcomes considered either continuously or categorically. Mixed models revealed that naltrexone/bupropion was associated with significantly greater percentage weight loss than placebo. Logistic regression revealed that naltrexone/bupropion had significantly higher rates of attaining ≥5% weight loss than placebo (27.9% vs. 6.5%). Obesity status did not predict or moderate weight‐loss outcomes.ConclusionsNaltrexone/bupropion did not demonstrate effectiveness for reducing binge eating relative to placebo but showed effectiveness for weight reduction in patients with BED. Obesity status did not predict or moderate medication outcomes.
Registration of ‘Lontra’ malting barley: A two‐row, winter‐habit cultivar of interest to the craft malting and brewing industries
Authors: Morrissy Campbell P. , Filichkin Tanya , Fisk Scott P. , Helgerson Laura , Davenport Curtis , Silberstein Ron , Culp Darrin , Hayes Patrick M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract‘Lontra’ (Reg. no. CV‐378, PI 702797), experimental designation DH142010, is a two‐row winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station in 2023. It is well adapted to the US Pacific Northwest. Lontra is a doubled haploid produced via anther culture and was advanced through fall‐planted trials from 2016 to 2021. Lontra was developed with the goal of commercial production as a malting cultivar for the craft malting industry; therefore, it was not tested in the American Malting Barley Association Pilot Program due to the limited number of selections that can be accommodated. Lontra has a solid record of agronomic performance, malting quality, beer quality, and beer sensory.