bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient Intake Among Lactating Women With Overweight and Obesity in Norway: A Comparison With the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023
Authors: Fossli Maria , Øhman Elisabeth A. , Andal Malin , Løland Beate F. , Holven Kirsten B. , Brekke Hilde K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring lactation, maternal requirements for many nutrients increase due to the physiological demands of breast milk production, reflected in dietary recommendations. BMI is negatively associated with dietary quality postpartum, and 40% of women in Norway have pre‐pregnancy overweight and obesity. Currently, there is limited data on dietary intake among lactating women in Norway and whether they meet nutritional requirements. We aimed to evaluate the nutrient intake in a study sample of lactating women with overweight and obesity, compared with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR 2023).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional analysis, we included baseline data from 112 lactating women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI of 25–35 kg/m2, participating in a weight loss and breastfeeding promotion intervention trial in Oslo, Norway. Data were collected at 2 weeks postpartum (subject characteristics, anthropometry and dietary supplement use), at 7 weeks postpartum (dietary assessment) and post‐weaning (retrospective dietary supplement use). Dietary data were obtained from a 4‐day dietary record before randomisation to dietary treatment for weight loss. Nutrient intake was compared to the dietary reference values for lactating women in NNR 2023. Increased risk of inadequate intake of micronutrients was assessed as the proportion of women with intakes below the average requirement (AR), with and without dietary supplements.ResultsMean ± SD BMI at 2 weeks postpartum was 30.7 ± 2.5 kg/m2. At 7 weeks postpartum the women reported a mean energy intake of 9.2 ± 2.0 MJ/day, with a higher intake of saturated fat and a lower intake of carbohydrate, dietary fibre and docosahexaenoic acid than recommended. The majority had an increased risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A (92%), folate (92%), vitamin D (84%), selenium (87%) and iodine (71%) from the diet alone. When dietary supplements were taken into account, ≥ 50% of the women still had an increased risk of inadequate intake of vitamin A, folate and selenium.ConclusionsThe high proportion of lactating women with overweight and obesity failing to meet the newly updated Nordic Nutrition Recommendations highlights the need to raise awareness among new mothers and healthcare professionals about the increased maternal nutritional demands during lactation and hence, the importance of nutrient‐dense diets.
Train‐the‐Educator: Boosting Knowledge and Confidence for Conducting Substance Use Prevention Education
Authors: Liu Jessica , Kajiwara Carly , McCauley Devin , Halpern‐Felsher Bonnie 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSchool‐based substance use prevention is important, yet many educators are not trained in the curriculums. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in educators' knowledge about substances and confidence in delivering drug education before and after participating in educator trainings, as well as overall perceptions of the trainings, for three curriculums: tobacco, cannabis, and all drugs prevention.MethodsWe conducted one‐arm pre–post analyses evaluating educators' changes in knowledge about products and confidence to deliver curriculums. A total of 1064, 648, and 171 educators participated in the trainings and completed surveys (June 2021–November 2023) about drug knowledge (closed‐ended, three items for tobacco, five for cannabis), confidence to deliver curriculums (Likert, four items for all trainings), and perceptions of the trainings (open‐ended, four items for all trainings). Paired‐sample t‐tests and McNemar tests of paired proportions were conducted for the matched sample. Two coders double‐coded open‐ended responses to identify key themes.ResultsThe training for tobacco was associated with pre–post improvements on all knowledge questions (p's ≤ 0.001). Trainings for all three curriculums were associated with pre–post improvements for all confidence questions (p's < 0.007). Participants qualitatively reported wanting longer trainings with more in‐depth content and navigation of materials.Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and EquityOur findings suggest that trainings are a promising method that may improve the knowledge and confidence of educators who deliver drug education curriculums.ConclusionsEducator trainings will likely benefit from detailed content on various substances, interactive activities, and show educators how to tailor curriculums based on their students' specific needs.
Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Exclusive Breastfeeding in Anglophone and Francophone West African Countries: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prevalence
Authors: Lewis‐Koku Martha Osekua , Fleming Catharine A. K. , Pachuau Lucy Ngaihbanglovi , Elmighrabi Nagwa Farag , Agho Kingsley Emwinyore 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEarly initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) are highly effective forms of preventive medicine in many low‐ and middle‐income countries, including Anglophone and Francophone West African countries. Despite the proven benefits of EIBF and EBF in reducing mortality and morbidity, there is limited systematic evidence from West African countries. Hence, the aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of EIBF and EBF in Anglophone and Francophone West African countries. Six databases were searched for eligible studies based on inclusion criteria and a systematic review and a further meta‐analysis were done. The weighted prevalence of EIBF was 51.7% (95% CI: 48.8, 54.6) in Anglophone West African countries and 45.5% (95% CI: 42.0, 48.9) in Francophone West African countries. The pooled prevalence of EBF was 41.2% (95% CI: 36.9, 45.5) in Anglophone West African countries and 30.1% (95% CI: 26.7, 33.5) in Francophone West African countries. Our study showed that the weighted average EIBF and EBF prevalence tended to be higher from studies in Anglophone West African countries than in Francophone West African countries. Despite these findings, EIBF and EBF rates overall in West African countries were suboptimal. A substantial improvement is necessary in promoting EIBF and EBF in West African countries. Programmes should target all mothers in the region no matter their colonial allegiance to achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 3 by 2030.
“A withered olive branch”? The curious situation of Hungarian Jews during the dissolution of the Habsburg Empire
Authors: Adorjáni Anna 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Habsburg Empire dissolved after World War One. A new world order of nation‐states was emerging that acknowledged and distributed civic rights to non‐titular nations based on national minority status. How did Jewish communities in the former Kingdom of Hungary respond to the gradual change of sovereignty, the ethnicisation of everyday life and the escalating antisemitic violence? Focusing on the turbulent months between October 1918 and March 1919, this study examines the transformation of loyalty patterns among various Jewish communities at the local, regional, national and international levels. A pivotal aspect of the chaotic transition from empire to nation‐state was the intensified nationalism and the growing interest in models accommodating ethno‐confessional diversity. Amid the emerging solutions to the minority question in East‐Central Europe and worldwide, this paper focuses on the model of non‐territorial autonomy within Jewish communities in the territories that became part of Romania and Czechoslovakia.
Association between laboratory data‐based frailty index and clinical health outcomes in critically ill older patients: A retrospective correlational study
Authors: Ji Hyunju , Lee Jae Jun , Lee Kyung Hee 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAlthough frailty assessment is crucial for understanding critically ill patients' prognosis, traditional frailty measures require substantial efforts and time from health care professionals. To address this limitation, the laboratory frailty index (FI‐LAB) based on laboratory clinical data was developed. However, knowledge regarding its correlation with health outcomes among critically ill older patients is limited.AimsTo identify the association between the FI‐LAB and acute, mid‐ and long‐term outcomes among critically ill older adults.Study DesignThis retrospective correlational study used electronic health records of 2106 older patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. Acute and mid‐term outcomes included occurrence of delirium and in‐hospital mortality, and the long‐term outcome included 1‐year mortality. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationships across FI‐LAB, delirium, and in‐hospital mortality, while Cox proportional hazard regression was used to analyse the relationship between FI‐LAB and 1‐year mortality.ResultsFrailty assessed by FI‐LAB was significantly associated with increased risk of delirium (odds ratio [OR] = 6.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.31–25.39, p = .009), in‐hospital mortality (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.15–5.79, p = .014), and 1‐year mortality (hazard ratio = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.16–5.25, p = .019) after controlling for covariates.ConclusionsThe study highlighted the importance of using FI‐LAB for screening frailty in critically ill older adults. Health care providers can improve patients' acute, mid‐ and long‐term outcomes to develop more individualised management plans based on FI‐LAB scores.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe FI‐LAB score calculated from routine laboratory data can be used by nurses as a screening tool to identify frail older adults in critical care. Early detection of frailty would allow for closer monitoring and the implementation of interventions to reduce delirium and mortality.
Evaluation of Invisalign Wear Protocol on the Efficacy of Tooth Movement in Four First‐Premolar Extraction in Adolescent Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Yu YaoHui , Zhou Yu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDifferent protocols exist regarding wear time of invisible aligners. There is no study that compared the effect of different protocols. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Invisalign aligners in four first‐premolar extraction treatments in adolescents using three aligner wear protocols, every 7, 10 and 14 days.Materials and MethodsIn the experimental set‐up, 50 participants were divided into three distinct groups: group A, with a regimen of changing aligners every 7 days; group B, with a 10‐day interval for aligner replacement; and group C, where aligners were replaced every 14 days. The evaluation of occlusal adjustments was conducted employing the Discrepancy Index (DI) and the Cast‐Radiograph Evaluation (CRE), as defined by the American Board of Orthodontics for the purpose of recording orthodontic outcomes. The treatment duration, number of maxillary and mandibular Invisalign aligners, and number of Invisalign restarts were simultaneously recorded and evaluated. The data set was statistically examined using ANOVA, complemented by the F‐test, least significant difference (LSD) method and Tamhane's T2 test.ResultsThe final sample size for analysis is 45 cases, with five cases lost to follow‐up. Before treatment, the three groups showed no significant difference in the degree of malocclusion or each item of DI (p > 0.05). Posttreatment, within groups, and regardless of the wearing protocol, the total CRE scores demonstrated no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). For the other items, groups A and C completed occlusal relations and interproximal contacts significantly better than did group B (p < 0.05). The group C cases had the least number of Invisalign refinement (3.93 ± 0.96 vs. 4.93 ± 0.70 vs. 6.00 ± 1.25, p < 0.05), but the treatment duration and number of Invisalign aligners were not significantly different (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe different treatment timing protocols showed equivalent effectiveness regarding treatment outcome, with significantly improved results for the 7‐ and 14‐day protocol in terms of occlusal relations and interproximal contacts. The attainment of comparable clinical accuracy between the 7‐ and 14‐day protocol, within a treatment duration of fewer than 3 months, indicates that the 7‐day protocol can be deemed an effective treatment approach.
Hydraulic Properties of a Rock‐Soil‐Root System: Insights From Fraxinus ornus L. Saplings Growing on Different Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Bert Sara Di , Tomasella Martina , Duddek Patrick , Natale Sara , Petruzzellis Francesco , Carminati Andrea , Zini Luca , D'Amico Lorenzo , Tromba Giuliana , Nardini Andrea 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDrought impacts trees in varied temporal and spatial patterns, suggesting that heterogeneity of below‐ground water stores influences the fate of trees under water stress. Karst ecosystems rely on shallow soil overlying bedrock that can store available water in primary pores. A contribution of rock moisture to tree water status has been previously demonstrated, but actual mechanisms and rates of rock‐to‐root water delivery remain unknown. We report accurate measurements of hydraulic properties of two rock types (Breccia and Dolostone), of typical Karst red soil, and of roots of a common Karst tree species grown under different rock‐soil combinations. Experimental data were used to build a water exchange model that supported the hypothesis that roots can extract water from porous and highly conductive rocks (Breccia), but not from more compact ones (Dolostone), especially when plants grow in rocky substrate or experience water stress, and thus have low root hydraulic conductivity and low rates of water extraction from rocks. Our data support the hypothesis that rocks represent important water stores for plants growing in rock‐dominated habitats. Heterogeneous rock properties translate into different rates of water delivery to root systems, underlying complex patterns of tree mortality under severe drought stress.
Forward Ever: Grenada, the USA, Don Rojas, and All of Us
Authors: Meyer Matt 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTReflecting upon international peace studies at the start of 2025, this piece looks both at the contexts of the 2023 IPRA global conference held in Trinidad and at the 2024 US elections. With a tribute to and extensive quote from Grenadian academic Don Rojas, we articulate the ways in which past “peaceful revolutions” such as the New Jewel Movement may provide guideposts for peace work in the years ahead.
More Than One Agent? Authority Expansion and Delegation Dynamics in the EU
Authors: Ershova Anastasia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRecent studies focus on the issue of authority transfer to supranational institutions. While examining the opportunities and obstacles for expanding the Union's competencies, this literature often overlooks the effects of adopting ambitious policies on their implementation modes. This paper argues that the costs associated with the expansion of EU authority and opportunities for blame‐shifting drive delegation choices and define the relative discretion granted to agents. Proposals for expanding EU authority increase the likelihood of the exclusively supranational implementation path being selected by the principals while undermining the appeal of the national path. In contrast, aiming to preserve opportunities for blame‐shifting while maintaining some degree of control over implementation, the EU principals increasingly turn to joint delegation, where the Commission and national administrations cooperate. Yet, even within the partner‐like relationship of joint implementation, national agents enjoy broader discretionary leeway.
Training Elite Athletes: 50 Years of Thinking About Practice and Research for Endurance Sports
Authors: Joyner Michael J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis essay summarizes and integrates my experiences and observations—starting in the middle 1970s—as an athlete, scientist interested in human performance, biomedical researcher, and “expert,” who sometimes advises athletes, coaches, and sports policy‐makers. In this context, my focus has been primarily on endurance sports and five concepts underpin what I have learned over the last 50 years. (1) The “competitive significance principle” whereby athletes, coaches, and policy‐makers are frequently interested in performance improvements of 1% or less. This is especially true at the elite level. (2) Science frequently explains what coaches and athletes have already discovered in the field. (3) Many science‐based performance improvements have reduced the energy cost of moving a given speed. (4) Varied and eclectic training programs have been used by elite athletes with similar performance outcomes. (5) A few things that are actionable matter. Coaches, athletes, and administrators should focus their efforts on what is actionable.
Metabolic stimulation improves bioenergetics and haematologic indices of circulating erythrocytes from sickle cell mice
Authors: Almeida Luis E. F. , Smith Meghann L. , Kamimura Sayuri , Vogel Sebastian , Quezado Zenaide M. N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCirculating mature red blood cells (RBCs) from patients and mice with sickle cell disease (SCD) abnormally retain mitochondria, a factor shown to contribute to the disease's pathobiology. To further understand the functional implications of RBC mitochondria retention in SCD, we used mitochondria inhibitors and metabolites/substrates from the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis pathways (ADP, glutamate, malate, pyruvate, succinate or all metabolites combined) and examined RBC bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, calcium flux and hydration. In RBCs from sickle mice, mitochondria inhibition reduced ATP levels by 30%–60%, whereas control RBCs were unaffected. Conversely, in vitro treatment with metabolites/substrates known to stimulate mitochondria function increased RBC ATP levels and reduced RBC ROS, and these effects were notably more pronounced in sickle RBCs compared to those in control mice. In sickle RBCs, the increases in ATP and decreases in ROS were associated with greater decreases in RBC baseline calcium concentration and improvements in calcium flux. These changes also led to greater increases in RBC volume and hydration, and greater decreases in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in sickle RBCs compared to control RBCs. These results propose a novel model of RBC metabolism in SCD, where retained mitochondria in circulating RBCs are functional and can significantly impact RBC bioenergetics, ATP production and RBC hydration and redox status. These in vitro findings could inform the development of in vivo strategies aimed at increasing RBC ATP, reducing RBC ROS, improving RBC hydration, which could decrease sickling and prove beneficial in SCD.
imageKey points
Red blood cells (RBCs) from humans and mice with sickle cell disease (SCD) abnormally retain mitochondria.
Mitochondria inhibitors lower ATP in circulating RBCs from sickle mice indicating that retained mitochondria contribute to ATP levels in sickle RBC.
Metabolic stimulation of mitochondria function improves RBC bioenergetics, redox state and calcium flux, and increases RBC hydration.
These data propose a new model of RBC metabolism in SCD, where in addition to glycolysis, retained mitochondria contribute to RBC ATP production.
The effects of metabolic stimulation of RBCs resulting in improved RBC bioenergetics and hydration may prove beneficial in SCD.
Cardiovascular events observed among patients in the etrasimod clinical programme: an integrated safety analysis of patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis
Authors: Vermeire Séverine , Rubin David T , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Dubinsky Marla C , Regueiro Miguel , Irving Peter M , Goetsch Martina , Lazin Krisztina , Gu Guibao , Wu Joseph , Modesto Irene , McDonnell Aoibhinn , Guo Xiang , Green Jesse , Dalam Alexis B , Yarur Andres J 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveEtrasimod is an oral, once-daily, selective sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)1,4,5receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). S1P1receptor expression on cardiac cells is involved in cardiac conduction. We report cardiovascular treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) associated with S1P receptor modulators and other cardiovascular events in the etrasimod UC clinical programme.MethodsPatients were analysed in the Placebo-controlled UC cohort and All UC cohort. Incidence rates (IRs, per 100 patient-years) of cardiovascular-related TEAEs associated with S1P receptor modulators, including bradycardia/atrioventricular (AV) block and hypertension, and other cardiovascular events, including coronary artery disease (CAD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), were analysed.ResultsIn patients receiving etrasimod, cardiovascular-related TEAEs were infrequent (≤2.6% per AE). In the Placebo-controlled UC cohort, IRs (95% CIs) for cardiovascular-related TEAEs were higher for patients receiving etrasimod (n=577) vs placebo (n=314), respectively, for bradycardia/sinus bradycardia, 3.85 (1.58 to 6.13) vs 0 and AV block, 1.40 (0.03 to 2.76) vs 0; and numerically higher for hypertension, 5.31 (2.62 to 7.99) vs 3.40 (0.07 to 6.72). Most bradycardia/AV block events were reported on day 1. All bradycardia and hypertension TEAEs were non-serious. One serious second-degree AV block type 1 TEAE occurred in the etrasimod group; no events of second-degree AV block type 2 or higher were reported. One event each of CAD and CVD occurred in two patients receiving etrasimod.ConclusionsIn the etrasimod UC clinical programme, IRs of cardiovascular-related TEAEs and other cardiovascular events were low. Most cardiovascular-related TEAEs were non-serious.Trial registration numbersNCT02447302;NCT03945188;NCT03996369;NCT02536404;NCT03950232;NCT04176588.