bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the beam quality correction factor kQmsr${k}_{{Q}_{{\mathrm{msr}}}}$ for the PTW Semiflex 3D ionization chamber for the reference dosimetry at ZAP‐X
Authors: Saße Katrin , Albers Karina , Eulenstein Daniela , Weidlich Georg , Poppe Björn , Looe Hui Khee 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPurposeThe self‐shielding radiosurgery system ZAP‐X consists of a 3 MV linear accelerator and eight round collimators. For this system, it is a common practice to perform the reference dosimetry using the largest 25 mm diameter collimator at a source‐to‐axis distance (SAD) of 45 cm with the PTW Semiflex3D chamber placed at a measurement depth of 7 mm in water. Existing dosimetry protocols do not provide correction for these measurement conditions. Therefore, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to quantify the associated beam quality correction factor .MethodsThe of the Semiflex3D chamber was computed from the ratio of the absorbed doses in a water voxel and in the sensitive air volume of the chamber simulated using a 60Co spectrum as the calibration beam quality (Qref) and the spectrum of the ZAP‐X 3 MV photon beam (Qmsr). was computed as a function of measurement depth from 4 to 50 mm. Furthermore, detailed simulations were performed to determine the individual chamber's perturbation correction factors by modifying the chamber's model step‐wise.ResultsAll perturbation correction factors, except Sw,air ⋅Pfl, show depth‐dependent behavior up to a depth of 15 mm. In particular, the volume‐averaging Pvol and density Pdens perturbation correction factors and, consequently, the resulting gradient perturbation correction factor Pgr = Pvol∙Pdens increase with decreasing measurement depth. Therefore, is larger than unity, amounting to at 7 mm measurement depth. At larger depths (> 15 mm), the can be considered as constant.ConclusionAt small measurement depths, was found to be depth‐dependent with values larger than unity due to the gradient‐related perturbation factors. Therefore, the uncertainty related to the chamber's positioning can be reduced by performing the reference dosimetry at ZAP‐X at depths larger than 15 mm, where can be regarded as depth independent.
Psychiatric manifestations of encephalitis
Authors: Bean Paris , Heck Ashley , Habis Ralph , Sowmitran Swathi , Cartaina Zoe , Gupta Rajesh , Probasco John , Hasbun Rodrigo , Venkatesan Arun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveEncephalitis is a serious and potentially life‐threatening condition of infectious or autoimmune cause. We aim to characterize the frequency and clinical spectrum of presenting psychiatric symptoms in encephalitis in order to inform earlier recognition and initiation of treatment.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of adult patients who met the 2013 International Encephalitis Consortium (IEC) and/or 2016 Graus criteria between February 2005 and February 2023. The study included two hospital systems in Houston, Texas, and Baltimore, Maryland and included a total of 642 patients. Psychiatric manifestations were grouped into five high‐level categories: behavior, psychosis, mood, sleep disturbances, and catatonia.ResultsIn our cohort of 642 patients, 318 (49.6%) had psychiatric symptoms at the time of initial presentation, including 78.2% with autoimmune etiologies and 35.2% with viral etiologies (P < 0.001). Those with psychiatric symptoms were younger (median age 47.5 vs. 51.5; P < 0.001), and more likely to have a history of documented psychiatric disorders, as well as longer lengths of hospital stay, and poorer discharge outcomes. Of patients initially admitted to a psychiatric service (n = 28), most had autoimmune causes, although 3 out of 28 (10.7%) had herpes viral infections; admission to a psychiatric service was associated with substantially longer interval to initiation of antivirals and immunotherapy. Autoimmune and infectious etiologies differed in the spectrum and frequency of psychiatric manifestations.InterpretationPsychiatric symptoms are common across etiologies of encephalitis and are associated with longer lengths of hospital stay and worse clinical outcomes. Specific patterns and dimensionality of psychiatric symptoms distinguish autoimmune from infectious causes.
Using an AI‐Driven Child Chatbot Avatar as a Training Tool for Information Gathering Skills of Dental and Medical Professionals: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ko Hayley , Hovden Ewa A. Szyszko , Köpp Unni‐Mette Stamnes , Johnson Miriam S. , Baugerud Gunn Astrid 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHealthcare professionals often receive limited training in information gathering, especially for cases of suspected child maltreatment. This pilot study evaluated a brief interview training program using an artificial intelligence‐driven child avatar chatbot to simulate realistic encounters with children. GPT‐3 and one‐shot prompting were used to simulate an 8‐year‐old girl who was allegedly subjected to violence. A pretest‐posttest design assessed the program's impact, with all participants (n = 18) receiving a video lecture and indirect feedback on their questions based on the avatar's responses. One group (n = 10) received direct feedback on their use of open and closed questions, along with examples after each interview. Results showed no significant improvement in interviewing behaviour, regardless of feedback condition. This study highlights the need for further development and tailoring of training programs to better support healthcare professionals in cases of suspected child abuse.
A Cascaded Duplex Organic Vertical Memory with Learning Rate Scheduling for Efficient Artificial Neural Network Training
Authors: Dai Qinyong , Pei Mengjiao , Hao Ziqian , Li Xiang , Ai Chao , Li Yating , Lu Kuakua , Chen Xu , Wang Qijing , Wan Changjin , Li Yun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLearning rate scheduling (LRS) is a critical factor influencing the performance of neural networks by accelerating the convergence of learning algorithms and enhancing the generalization capabilities. The escalating computational demands in artificial intelligence (AI) necessitate advanced hardware solutions capable of supporting neural network training with LRS. This not only requires linear and symmetric analog programming capabilities but also the precise adjustment of channel conductance to achieve tunable slope in weight update behaviors. Here, a cascaded duplex organic vertical memory is proposed with the coupling of ferroelectric polarization effect and Schottky gate control on the same semiconducting channel, exhibiting adjustable‐slope conductance update with high linearity and symmetry. Therefore, in the chest X‐ray image detection, a fast‐to‐slow LRS is used for a bi‐layer ANN training, achieving a rapid, stable convergence behavior within only 15 epochs and a high recognition accuracy. Moreover, the proposed LRS training is also suitable for the Mackey Glass prediction task using long short‐term memory networks. This work integrates LRS into synaptic devices, enabling efficient hardware implementation of neural networks and thus enhancing AI performance in practical applications.
Predicting 2D Crystal Packing in Thin Films of Small Molecule Organic Materials
Authors: Gudovannyy Alexey O. , Schäfer Julia M. , Gerdes Olga , Hildebrandt Dirk , Mattersteig Gunter , Pfeiffer Martin , Ortmann Frank 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe large variety of structural morphologies realized in organic semiconductors is a big challenge for the microscopic modeling of such systems. A global computational solution is still out of reach due to prevalent molecular flexibility. However, the specific case of crystalline thin films that exhibit surface alignment of molecular π‐systems for optoelectronic applications of high technological relevance, seems to be a simpler task. This study proposes an approach for the structure prediction of two‐dimensional (2D) molecular layers as precursors for the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of deposited crystalline thin films. Based on grid search sampling for the layer's degrees of freedom, it requires only a small number of trial structures to find complex packing motifs of layered molecular materials. It facilitates parallel screening among multiple molecular conformers, which is usually very difficult and expensive, using the latest 3D‐based prediction methods. The study researches theoretically and experimentally a set of known and newly crystallized compounds of evaporable flexible molecules with interesting optoelectronic properties, predicts their packing in 2D layers, and compares them with experimentally resolved crystal structures, obtaining very good agreement in the packing of these molecules within layers. The computational costs are estimated to be several orders of magnitude lower than with 3D methods.
Formation Dynamics of Thermally Stable 1D/3D Perovskite Interfaces for High‐Performance Photovoltaics
Authors: Liang Lusheng , Nan Zi‐Ang , Li Yuheng , Zhang Yi , Fei Zhaofu , Shibayama Naoyuki , Zhang Zilong , Lin Zexin , Chen Weizhong , Li Chi , Chen Yong , Xie Zhaoxiong , Dyson Paul , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Gao Peng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDirect understanding of the formation and crystallization of low‐dimensional (LD) perovskites with varying dimensionalities employing the same bulky cations can offer insights into LD perovskites and their heterostructures with 3D perovskites. In this study, the secondary amine cation of N‐methyl‐1‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)methylammonium (M‐NMA+) and the formation dynamics of its corresponding LD perovskite are investigated. The intermolecular π–π stacking of M‐NMA+ and their connection with inorganic PbI6 octahedrons within the product structures control the formation of LD perovskite. In an N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) precursor solution, both 1D and 2D products can be obtained. Interestingly, due to the strong interaction between M‐NMA+ and the DMF solvent, compared to the 1D phase, the formation of 2D perovskites is uniquely dependent on heterogeneous nucleation. Nevertheless, post‐treatment of 3D perovskite films with an isopropanol solution of M‐NMAI leads to the exclusive formation of thermally stable 1D phases on the surface. The resulting 1D/3D heterostructure facilitates perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to not only achieve a record efficiency of 25.51% through 1D perovskite passivation but also significantly enhance the thermal stability of unencapsulated devices at 85 °C. This study deepens the understanding of the formation dynamics of LD perovskites and offers an efficient strategy for fabricating stable and high‐performance PSCs.
Enhanced Cooperative Generalized Compressive Strain and Electronic Structure Engineering in W‐Ni3N for Efficient Hydrazine Oxidation Facilitating H2 Production
Authors: Qin Hongye , Lin Guangliang , Zhang Jinyang , Cao Xuejie , Xia Wei , Yang Haocheng , Yuan Kangnan , Jin Ting , Wang Qinglun , Jiao Lifang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs promising bifunctional electrocatalysts, transition metal nitrides are expected to achieve an efficient hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) by fine‐tuning electronic structure via strain engineering, thereby facilitating hydrogen production. However, understanding the correlation between strain‐induced atomic microenvironments and reactivity remains challenging. Herein, a generalized compressive strained W‐Ni3N catalyst is developed to create a surface with enriched electronic states that optimize intermediate binding and activate both water and N2H4. Multi‐dimensional characterizations reveal a nearly linear correlation between the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and the d‐band center of W‐Ni3N under strain state. Theoretically, compressive strain enhances the electron transfer capability at the surface, increasing donation into antibonding orbitals of adsorbed species, which accelerates the HER and HzOR. Leveraging both compressive strain and the modified electronic structure from W incorporation, the W‐Ni3N catalysts demonstrate outstanding bifunctional performance, achieving overpotentials of 46 mV for HER at 10 mA cm−2 and 81 mV for HzOR at 100 mA cm−2. Furthermore, W‐Ni3N catalyst achieves efficient overall hydrazine splitting at a low cell voltage of 0.185 V for 50 mA cm−2, maintaining stability for ≈450 h. This work provides new insights into the dual engineering of strain and electronic structure in the design of advanced catalysts.
Ferroelectric Optical Memristors Enabled by Non‐Volatile Electro‐Optic Effect
Authors: Wen Yiyang , Cao Yilin , Ren Hongda , Du Xiaona , Guo Jiaxing , Wu Zhenping , Liu Weiwei , Du Jiangbing , Zhang Yang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMemristors enable non‐volatile memory and neuromorphic computing. Optical memristors are the fundamental element for programmable photonic integrated circuits due to their high‐bandwidth computing, low crosstalk, and minimal power consumption. Here, an optical memristor enabled by a non‐volatile electro‐optic (EO) effect, where refractive index modulation under zero field is realized by deliberate control of domain alignment in the ferroelectric material Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3(PMN‐PT) is proposed. The non‐volatile EO memristor is designed exclusively for the modulation of the optical phase without degrading the optical transparency, and it allows the support for deterministic and repeated non‐volatile multilevel EO states. A non‐volatile tunable waveplate composed of the optical memrisor for free‐space optics, which allows for deterministic multilevel, and non‐volatile phase shifts from 0 to π/2 is presented. The state switching rate of the memristor is less than 100 ms, with a switching energy consumption of 234 nJ, and the states can be retained for up to 12 h without requiring static power consumption. These results demonstrate a novel approach to fully realizing non‐volatile optical memristors, where only optical phase modulation is involved, providing unprecedented opportunities for the development of new ferroelectric memristors.
Enwrapped Perylene Bisimide Enables Room Temperature Polariton Lasing and Photonic Lattices
Authors: Horneber Dominik , Düreth Johannes , Schembri Tim , Betzold Simon , Stolte Matthias , Höfling Sven , Würthner Frank , Klembt Sebastian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPerylene bisimides (PBIs) are organic dyes with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) close to unity in solution and great thermal and photo‐chemical stability. These features alongside the tunability of their solid‐state packing arrangement via chemical functionalization make this material class an excellent candidate for exciton‐polariton lasing at room temperature. Polariton lasing is well understood in III–V semiconductors at cryogenic temperatures, however, the search for emitter materials for robust and versatile room‐temperature applications is ongoing. While, e.g., perovskites and several organic materials are identified to support polariton lasing, many of these materials lack tunability and long‐term stability under ambient conditions. Here, optical microcavities are fabricated using a strongly enwrapped PBI chromophore with prevailing monomer‐like absorption and emission properties in the solid state. Voluminous bay‐substituents prevent π‐π‐stacking induced PLQY‐quenching, thereby enabling polariton lasing at room temperature. Additionally, photonic confinement in single hemispheric resonators is demonstrated leading to localized polaritonic modes with discrete energies, as well as optical lattices revealing distinct polaritonic band‐structures. Due to the possibility of tunable properties by the precise control of the solid‐state packing arrangement of PBI emitters, the results pave the way for polarization‐dependent light‐matter coupling, including topological photonic effects within oriented crystalline thin‐film microcavity structures.
Tailoring the Emission Properties of Cs2NaLuCl6 for Anti‐Counterfeiting, X‐Ray Scintillation, and Night Vision Applications
Authors: Guo Xiu‐Xian , He Zi‐Lin , Chen Jing‐Hua , Luo Jian‐Bin , Wei Jun‐Hua , Peng Qing‐Peng , Kuang Dai‐Bin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe ever‐increasing counterfeiting issues have triggered a research upsurge in multi‐modal fluorescence anti‐counterfeiting materials. All inorganic metal halide double perovskites possess the advantages of facile preparation procedures and high thermal stability, which also provide suitable doping sites to regulate the emission behavior and highlight the potential for serving as multi‐modal fluorescence anti‐counterfeiting materials. Herein, a series of Sb3+, Er3+, and Yb3+ solely or codoped Cs2NaLuCl6 are successfully prepared, and the optical properties are dependent on the doping ratio of Sb3+ and lanthanide ions (Ln3+). Notably, due to the participation of energy‐transfer and cross‐relaxation processes, the tri‐doped Cs2NaLuCl6 (0.3%Sb3+‐20%Er3+‐50%Yb3+‐Cs2NaLuCl6) shows luminescence responses to the excitation sources with different photon energies, which is employed to construct anti‐counterfeiting fluorescence patterns by combining the Sb3+, Er3+, and Yb3+ solely or codoped Cs2NaLuCl6. Besides the multi‐modal luminescence behavior, NIR emission from Er3+ and Yb3+ can be used in the night‐vision device. Remarkably, the 20%Er3+‐doped Cs2NaLuCl6 shows an excellent light yield of 30767 photons MeV−1 and low limit of detection (LoD) of 108 nGy s−1, highlighting the potential in X‐ray imaging. This work provides a rational route to design multi‐functional materials that can be used in anti‐counterfeiting, night vision, and X‐ray imaging.
Machine Learning‐Enabled Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Continuous Sound Monitoring and Captioning
Authors: Bagheri Majid Haji , Gu Emma , Khan Asif Abdullah , Zhang Yanguang , Xiao Gaozhi , Nankali Mohammad , Peng Peng , Xi Pengcheng , Ban Dayan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAdvancements in live audio processing, specifically in sound classification and audio captioning technologies, have widespread applications ranging from surveillance to accessibility services. However, traditional methods encounter scalability and energy efficiency challenges. To overcome these, Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENG) are explored for energy harvesting, particularly in live‐streaming sound monitoring systems. This study introduces a sustainable methodology integrating TENG‐based sensors into live sound monitoring pipelines, enhancing energy‐efficient sound classification and captioning by model selection and fine‐tuning strategies. Our cost‐effective TENG sensor harvests ambient sound vibrations and background noise, producing up to 1.2 µW cm−2 output power and successfully charging capacitors. This shows its capability for sustainable energy harvesting. The system achieves 94.3% classification accuracy using the Hierarchical Token Semantic Audio Transformer (HTS‐AT) model identified as optimal for live sound event monitoring. Additionally, continuous audio captioning using the EnCodec Combining Neural Audio Codec and Audio‐Text Joint Embedding for Automated Audio Captioning model (EnCLAP) showcases rapid and precise processing capabilities that are suitable for live‐streaming environments. The Bidirectional Encoder representation from the Audio Transformers (BEATs) model also demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving an accuracy of 97.25%. These models were fine‐tuned using the TENG‐recorded ESC‐50 dataset, ensuring the system's adaptability to diverse sound conditions. Overall, this research significantly contributes to the development of energy‐efficient sound monitoring systems with wide‐ranging implications across various sectors.
Biodiversity of the Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome and Associated Inflammatory Cytokine Profile in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yang Hong‐Ho , Simpson Carra A , Srivastava Meera , Bera Alakesh , Cappelletti Monica , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang MarileneB. , Beswick Daniel M. , Maxim Tom , Basak Saroj K. , Srivatsan Eri S. , Fischer Jakob L. , Jacobs Jonathan P , Lee Jivianne T. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDysbiosis of the bacterial and fungal microbiome has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study explores the relationship between microbiome and mycobiome biodiversity and type 2 (T2) versus non‐type 2 (NT2) inflammation.MethodsMucosal tissues from the ethmoid sinus were collected during endoscopic sinus (CRS) and skull base (controls) surgery between January 2020 and July 2021. Specimens underwent 16S rRNA (bacterial) and internal transcribed spacer (fungal) gene sequencing, along with cytokine analysis using the Luminex assay. Based on cytokine (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13) concentrations and the presence of eosinophils, CRS cases were classified into T2 or NT2 inflammatory profiles. The relationships between CRS endotype and the biodiversity of the microbiome and mycobiome were assessed.ResultsSpecimens from 92 patients (30 control, 31 CRSwNP, 31 CRSsNP) were included in the analyses. Among 62 CRS cases, 20 exhibited T2 inflammation and 42 exhibited NT2 inflammation. Compared with control specimens, NT2 specimens exhibited significantly lower amplicon sequence variants (mean difference −149, 95% CI [−261, −37], p = 0.007), Shannon index (−0.48 [−0.79, −0.16], p = 0.002), and Simpson index (−0.003 [−0.005, −0.001], p = 0.002) for bacterial alpha diversity. However, no significant differences in bacterial alpha diversity were observed between T2 specimens and controls, or between T2 and NT2 specimens. Fungal biodiversity did not differ significantly across endotype and control groups.ConclusionDysbiosis of the sinus bacterial microbiome is more strongly associated with a NT2‐mediated inflammatory profile than with a T2‐mediated inflammatory profile.
Updated appropriate use criteria for amyloid and tau PET: A report from the Alzheimer's Association and Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Workgroup
Authors: Rabinovici Gil D. , Knopman David S. , Arbizu Javier , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Donohoe Kevin J. , Hansson Oskar , Herscovitch Peter , Kuo Phillip H. , Lingler Jennifer H. , Minoshima Satoshi , Murray Melissa E. , Price Julie C. , Salloway Stephen P. , Weber Christopher J. , Carrillo Maria C. , Johnson Keith A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe Alzheimer's Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging convened a multidisciplinary workgroup to update appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and to develop AUC for tau PET.METHODSThe workgroup identified key research questions that guided a systematic literature review on clinical amyloid/tau PET. Building on this review, the workgroup developed 17 clinical scenarios in which amyloid or tau PET may be considered. A modified Delphi approach was used to rate each scenario by consensus as “rarely appropriate,” “uncertain,” or “appropriate.” Ratings were performed separately for amyloid and tau PET as stand‐alone modalities.RESULTSFor amyloid PET, seven scenarios were rated as appropriate, two as uncertain, and eight as rarely appropriate. For tau PET, five scenarios were rated as appropriate, six as uncertain, and six as rarely appropriate.DISCUSSIONAUC for amyloid and tau PET provide expert recommendations for clinical use of these technologies in the evolving landscape of diagnostics and therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease.Highlights
A multidisciplinary workgroup convened by the Alzheimer's Association and the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging updated the appropriate use criteria (AUC) for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and to develop AUC for tau PET.
The goal of these updated AUC is to assist clinicians in identifying clinical scenarios in which amyloid or tau PET may be useful for guiding the diagnosis and management of patients who have, or are at risk for, cognitive decline
These updated AUC are intended for dementia specialists who spend a significant proportion of their clinical effort caring for patients with cognitive complaints, as well as serve as a general reference for a broader audience interested in implementation of amyloid and tau PET in clinical practice.