bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of telehealth to manage the Covid-19 pandemic in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Eslami Jahromi Maryam , Ayatollahi Haleh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveRecently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has led to an increase in the use of telehealth technology. It seems that the application of this technology in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been limited, and few studies have been undertaken to review the current state of knowledge in this area. The aim of the present study was to explore the utilization of telehealth to manage the Covid-19 pandemic in LMICs.Materials and MethodsThis scoping review was conducted in 2022. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, IEEE Xplore, and ProQuest were searched, and all quantitative research, qualitative studies, case reports, and case studies related to the use of telehealth to manage Covid-19 in LMICs and published since 2020 were included in the study. The findings were analyzed and reported narratively.ResultsIn total, 18 articles were included in the research. These studies were conducted in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, and East Asia and Oceania. Telehealth interventions included teleconsultation, telecoaching, teledermatology, televisit, mhealth applications, telerehabilitation, telepharmacy, and telepsychiatry. WhatsApp was the most common way for service delivery and in most studies, patients and health care providers were satisfied with services.ConclusionAlthough the use of telehealth interventions was limited in LMICs during the Covid-19 pandemic, in most cases, it was an effective solution to combat the outbreak of Covid-19 and had positive outcomes. A comparison between the characteristics and clinical effectiveness of similar interventions in different countries including LMICs are worth investigation in the future studies.
How, for whom, and in what contexts will artificial intelligence be adopted in pathology? A realist interview study
Authors: King Henry , Williams Bethany , Treanor Darren , Randell Rebecca 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing interest in using artificial intelligence (AI) in pathology to improve accuracy and efficiency. Studies of clinicians’ perceptions of AI have found only moderate acceptability, suggesting further research is needed regarding integration into clinical practice. This study aimed to explore stakeholders’ theories concerning how and in what contexts AI is likely to become integrated into pathology.Materials and MethodsA literature review provided tentative theories that were revised through a realist interview study with 20 pathologists and 5 pathology trainees. Questions sought to elicit whether, and in what ways, the tentative theories fitted with interviewees’ perceptions and experiences. Analysis focused on identifying the contextual factors that may support or constrain uptake of AI in pathology.ResultsInterviews highlighted the importance of trust in AI, with interviewees emphasizing evaluation and the opportunity for pathologists to become familiar with AI as means for establishing trust. Interviewees expressed a desire to be involved in design and implementation of AI tools, to ensure such tools address pressing needs, but needs vary by subspecialty. Workflow integration is desired but whether AI tools should work automatically will vary according to the task and the context.ConclusionsIt must not be assumed that AI tools that provide benefit in one subspecialty will provide benefit in others. Pathologists should be involved in the decision to introduce AI, with opportunity to assess strengths and weaknesses. Further research is needed concerning the evidence required to satisfy pathologists regarding the benefits of AI.
Agglomeration effects in a developing economy: evidence from Turkey
Authors: Özgüzel Cem 
Published: December 2022

AbstractI estimate the role of agglomeration economies and other local factors on productivity differences across Turkish provinces, which are some of the highest seen in OECD countries. Using a novel administrative dataset and historical instruments to deal with estimation concerns, I find that the elasticity of productivity to density is higher than in developed countries. Moreover, using an individual panel at the regional level, I find weak sorting effects for workers, contrasting with evidence from developed countries. These results suggest that urbanization patterns could be operating differently in developing countries.
CRISPRi screen for enhancing heterologous α-amylase yield inBacillus subtilis
Authors: Geissler Adrian Sven , Fehler Annaleigh Ohrt , Poulsen Line Dahl , González-Tortuero Enrique , Kallehauge Thomas Beuchert , Alkan Ferhat , Anthon Christian , Seemann Stefan Ernst , Rasmussen Michael Dolberg , Breüner Anne , Hjort Carsten , Vinther Jeppe , Gorodkin Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractYield improvements in cell factories can potentially be obtained by fine-tuning the regulatory mechanisms for gene candidates. In pursuit of such candidates, we performed RNA-sequencing of two α-amylase producing Bacillus strains and predict hundreds of putative novel non-coding transcribed regions. Surprisingly, we found among hundreds of non-coding and structured RNA candidates that non-coding genomic regions are proportionally undergoing the highest changes in expression during fermentation. Since these classes of RNA are also understudied, we targeted the corresponding genomic regions with CRIPSRi knockdown to test for any potential impact on the yield. From differentially expression analysis, we selected 53 non-coding candidates. Although CRISPRi knockdowns target both the sense and the antisense strand, the CRISPRi experiment cannot link causes for yield changes to the sense or antisense disruption. Nevertheless, we observed on several instances with strong changes in enzyme yield. The knockdown targeting the genomic region for a putative antisense RNA of the 3′ UTR of the skfA-skfH operon led to a 21% increase in yield. In contrast, the knockdown targeting the genomic regions of putative antisense RNAs of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (ctaD), the sigma factor sigH, and the uncharacterized gene yhfT decreased yields by 31 to 43%.
Philosophical Failure and the Reasonability View of Conscientious Objection: Can Reason Adjudicate Metaphysical or Religious Claims?
Authors: Brummett Abram L 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRobert Card has proposed a reasonability view of conscientious objection that asks providers to state the reasons for their objection for evaluation and approval by a review board. Jason Marsh has challenged Card to provide explicit criteria for what makes a conscientious objection reasonable, which he claims will be too difficult a task given that such objections often involve contentious metaphysical or religious claims. Card has responded by outlining standards by which a conscientious objection could be judged reasonable. In this paper, I extend Marsh’s critique to key concepts in the standards outlined by Card such as abortifacient, harm, emergency, and discrimination, showing they can be given radically different interpretations given different metaphysical or religious presumptions. To resolve these conflicting interpretations, a reasonability view of conscientious objection will need more than the criteria outlined by Card, it will need the resources to evaluate the reasonability of metaphysical or religious claims.
The political economy of digital profiteering: communication resource mobilization by anti-vaccination actors
Authors: Herasimenka Aliaksandr , Au Yung , George Anna , Joynes-Burgess Kate , Knuutila Aleksi , Bright Jonathan , Howard Philip N 
Published: December 2022

AbstractContemporary communication requires both a supply of content and a digital information infrastructure. Modern campaigns of misinformation are especially dependent on that back-end infrastructure for tracking and targeting a sympathetic audience and generating revenue that can sustain the campaign financially—if not enable profiteering. However, little is known about the political economy of misinformation, particularly those campaigns spreading misleading or harmful content about public health guidelines and vaccination programs. To understand the political economy of health misinformation, we analyze the content and infrastructure networks of 59 groups involved in communicating misinformation about vaccination programs. With a unique collection of tracker and communication infrastructure data, we demonstrate how the political economy of misinformation depends on platform monetization infrastructures. We offer a theory of communication resource mobilization that advances understanding of the communicative context, organizational interactions, and political outcomes of misinformation production.
A spatial gradient analysis of urban Red-tailed Hawk nestling diet
Authors: White Justin H , Snook Joshua , Ormsby Zachary E , Nussear Kenneth E 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe examined Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) nestling diets in Reno and Sparks, NV, USA during the 2015 and 2016 breeding seasons. Field researchers and nest cameras recorded 1348 prey items spanning 28 species at 88 nests. Prey consisted of 86% mammalia, 10% aves and 4% reptilia. Differential prey selection occurred among the population and at individual nests relative to an expected diet. Diet breadth differed between nests and increased with urban density. Avian prey consumption increased relative to mammalian and reptilian prey in impervious areas. When prey items were plotted on a continuous urban density spectrum, mammalian prey increased in the suburban areas and decreased toward the urban core and was inversely correlated with avian prey. Mammalian prey consumption increased and decreased at the end of April and in mid-May before increasing through the remainder of the breeding season (mid-June). Avian prey consumption peaked in May and increased through the season, and reptilian prey varied little. The geographic patterns of prey species consumed in our study reflect those in cities elsewhere. As the urban area changes, we predict that the densest populations of Red-tailed Hawks will continue to reside in the suburban areas where prey diversity and abundance are highest. This was one of the first studies to record urban Red-tailed Hawk diet and revealed patterns in how an urban population used food resources.
Dynamics of the star-forming region G345.51+0.84
Authors: Pan Sirong , Liu Hong-Li , Qin Sheng-Li 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
With the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment mapping observations of 13CO and C18O (2-1) complemented with Herschel data, we have carried out a comprehensive analysis on dynamics of the G345.51+0.84 (G345 hereafter) region. It is composed of two physically connected components: the blue-shifted (i.e. G345Blue), and red-shifted velocity (i.e. G345Red) clouds, which peak near −12.5  km s−1 and −10.5  km s−1, respectively. The former cloud contains one compact clump (C1), whereas the latter constitutes one filament (Fil345) and four clumps (C2–C5) inside it. The filament is ∼2.6  pc-long and ∼0.52  pc-wide with a median line-mass of Mline = 183 ± 98 M⊙ pc−1, being overall in equilibrium but locally gravitationally bound especially around the clumps. The presence of high-mass protostars in the C2 clump and higher Mline values around it collectively indicates that Fil345 is an ongoing high-mass star-forming filament. The detailed dynamics analysis reveals the cloud–cloud collision scenario between G345Blue and G345Red in the global region studied here, and the longitudinal and radial velocity gradients in the filament indicative of directed mass accretion along the two orthogonal directions. Further analysing the possible mechanism of filament formation for Fil345, we suggest that it presently grows in mass by a hybrid of mass accretion and cloud–cloud collision.
Glycolaldehyde formation mediated by interstellar amorphous ice: a computational study
Authors: Paiva M A M , Pilling S , Mendoza E , Galvão B R L , De Abreu H A 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO) is the most straightforward sugar detected in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) and participates in the formation pathways of molecules fundamental to life, red such as ribose and derivatives. Although detected in several regions of the ISM, its formation route is still debated and its abundance cannot be explained only by reactions in the gas phase. This work explores a new gas-phase formation mechanism for glycolaldehyde and compares the energy barrier reduction when the same route happens on the surface of amorphous ices. The first step of the mechanism involves the formation of a carbon–carbon bond between formaldehyde (H2CO) and the formyl radical (HCO), with an energy barrier of 27 kJ mol−1 (gas-phase). The second step consists of barrierless hydrogen addition. Density functional calculations under periodic boundary conditions were applied to study this reaction path on 10 different amorphous ice surfaces through an Eley–Rideal type mechanism. It was found that the energy barrier is reduced on average by 49 per cent, leading in some cases to a 100 per cent reduction. The calculated adsorption energy of glycolaldehyde suggests that it can be promptly desorbed to the gas phase after its formation. This work, thus contributes to explaining the detected relative abundances of glycolaldehyde and opens a new methodological framework for studying the formation routes for Complex Organic Molecules (COMs) in interstellar icy grains.
Rapid disc settling and the transition from bursty to steady star formation in Milky Way-mass galaxies
Authors: Gurvich Alexander B , Stern Jonathan , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Hopkins Philip F , Wetzel Andrew , Moreno Jorge , Hayward Christopher C , Richings Alexander J , Hafen Zachary 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Recent observations and simulations indicate substantial evolution in the properties of galaxies with time, wherein rotationally supported and steady thin discs (like those frequently observed in the local Universe) emerge from galaxies that are clumpy, irregular, and have bursty star formation rates (SFRs). To better understand the progenitors of local disc galaxies, we carry out an analysis of three FIRE-2 simulated galaxies with a mass similar to the Milky Way at redshift z = 0. We show that all three galaxies transition from bursty to steady SFRs at a redshift between z = 0.5 and z = 0.8, and that this transition coincides with the rapid (≲1 Gyr) emergence of a rotationally supported interstellar medium (ISM). In the late phase with steady SFR, the rotational energy comprises ${\gtrsim }90{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total kinetic + thermal energy in the ISM, and is roughly half the gravitational energy. By contrast, during the early bursty phase, the ISM initially has a quasi-spheroidal morphology and its energetics are dominated by quasi-isotropic in- and outflows out of virial equilibrium. The subdominance of rotational support and out-of-equilibrium conditions at early times challenge the application of standard equilibrium disc models to high-redshift progenitors of Milky Way-like galaxies. We further find that the formation of a rotationally-supported ISM coincides with the onset of a thermal pressure supported inner circumgalactic medium (CGM). Before this transition, there is no clear boundary between the ISM and the inner CGM.
AstroSat observation of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4–3658 during its 2019 outburst
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Sanna Andrea , Beri Aru 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We report on the analysis of the AstroSat data set of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4–3658, obtained during its 2019 outburst. We found coherent pulsations at ∼401 Hz and an orbital solution consistent with previous studies. The 3–20 keV pulse profile can be well fitted with three harmonically related sinusoidal components with background-corrected fractional amplitudes of $\sim 3.5 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, $\sim 1.2 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $\sim 0.37 {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for the fundamental, second and third harmonics, respectively. Our energy-resolved pulse profile evolution study indicates a strong energy dependence. We also observed a soft lag in the fundamental and hard lags during its harmonic. The broad-band spectrum of SAX J1808.4–3658 can be described well using a combination of the thermal emission component with kT ∼ 1 keV, a thermal Comptonization (Γ ∼ 1.67) from the hot corona and broad emission lines due to Fe.
The unusual Milky Way-local sheet system: implications for spin strength and alignment
Authors: Aragon-Calvo M A , Silk Joseph , Neyrinck Mark 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The Milky Way and the Local Sheet form a peculiar galaxy system in terms of the unusually low velocity dispersion in our neighbourhood and the seemingly high mass of the Milky Way for such an environment. Using the TNG300 simulation, we searched for Milky Way analogues (MWA) located in the cosmological walls with velocity dispersion in their local Hubble flow similar to the one observed around our galaxy. We find that MWAs in Local-Sheet analogues are rare, with one per (160–200 Mpc)3 volume. We find that a Sheet-like cold environment preserves, amplifies, or simplifies environmental effects on the angular momentum of galaxies. In such sheets, there are particularly strong alignments between the sheet and galaxy spins; also, these galaxies have low spin parameters. These both may relate to a lack of mergers since wall formation. We hope our results will bring awareness of the atypical nature of the Milky Way-Local Sheet system. Wrongly extrapolating local observations without a full consideration of the effect of our cosmic environment can lead to a Copernican bias in understanding the formation and evolution of the Milky Way and the nearby Universe.
Early acute kidney injury is associated with in-hospital adverse outcomes in critically ill burn patients: an observational study
Authors: Martins Judith , Nin Nicolás , Muriel Alfonso , Peñuelas Óscar , Vasco Dovami , Vaquero Pablo , Schultz Marcus J , Lorente José A 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT

Background
There are no studies in large series of burn patients on the relationship between acute kidney injury (AKI) and adverse outcomes using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed data from a cohort of burn patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with the diagnosis of burn injury. The diagnosis of AKI over the first 7 days after injury was made according to the KDIGO guidelines. The primary outcome was ICU mortality. We used estimative models using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results
A total of 960 patients were studied and AKI was diagnosed in 50.5%. In multivariable analysis, AKI was associated, as compared with patients without AKI, with ICU mortality {adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.135 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.384–3.293]} and secondary outcomes [kidney replacement therapy, aOR 4.030 (95% CI 1.838–8.835); infection, aOR 1.437 (95% CI 1.107–1.866); hospital mortality, aOR 1.652 (95% CI 1.139–2.697)]. AKI stage 1 was associated with a higher ICU [aOR 1.869 (95% CI 1.183–2.954)] and hospital mortality [aOR 1.552 (95% CI 1.050–2.296)] and infection [aOR 1.383 (95% CI 1.049–1.823)]. AKI meeting the urine output (UO) criterion alone was not associated with increased mortality. Ignoring the UO criterion would have missed 50 (10.3%) cases with AKI.

Conclusion
The KDIGO guidelines are useful to diagnose AKI in burn patients. Even the mild form of AKI is independently associated with increased mortality. Considering the UO criterion is important to more accurately assess the incidence of AKI, but AKI meeting the UO criterion alone is not associated with increased mortality.
Dietary lithium intake, graft failure and mortality in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Post Adrian , Kremer Daan , Groothof Dion , Seidel Ulrike , Huebbe Patricia , Franssen Casper F M , Kema Ido P , Lüersen Kai , Rimbach Gerald , Bakker Stephan J L 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTBackgroundLong-term high-dose lithium therapy in bipolar disorder is known to adversely affect kidney function. However, recent animal studies have revealed that low amounts of lithium are beneficial for the kidney when it is damaged by exposure to nephrotoxic compounds, inflammation or oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate whether urinary lithium excretion, reflecting dietary lithium intake, is associated with adverse long-term kidney graft outcomes and patient survival.MethodsUrinary lithium concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 642 stable kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Graft failure was defined as the start of dialysis or retransplantation and kidney function decline was defined as a doubling of serum creatinine.ResultsThe median urinary lithium excretion was 3.03 μmol/24 h [interquartile range (IQR) 2.31–4.01]. Urinary lithium excretion was associated with energy, plant protein and water intake. During a median follow-up of 5.3 years (IQR 4.5–6.0), 79 (12%) KTRs developed graft failure and 127 (20%) KTRs developed kidney function decline. Higher urinary lithium excretion was associated with a lower risk of graft failure {hazard ratio [HR] per doubling 0.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–0.79]} and kidney function decline [HR per doubling 0.73 (95% CI 0.54–0.99)]. These associations remained independent of adjustment for potential confounders and in sensitivity analyses. There was a significant effect modification with the use of proliferation inhibitors (P = .05) and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; P &lt; .001), with higher urinary lithium excretion being more protective in KTRs not using proliferation inhibitors and in KTRs with lower baseline eGFR. Furthermore, higher urinary lithium excretion was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality [HR 0.64 (95% CI 0.49–0.83); P = .001].ConclusionDietary lithium intake may be a potentially modifiable, yet rather overlooked, risk factor for adverse long-term kidney graft outcomes and patient survival.Trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02811835