bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Hospital Care Scheduling During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: D’Aeth Josh C. , Ghosal Shubhechyya , Grimm Fiona , Haw David , Koca Esma , Lau Krystal , Liu Huikang , Moret Stefano , Rizmie Dheeya , Smith Peter C. , Forchini Giovanni , Miraldo Marisa , Wiesemann Wolfram 
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen dramatic demand surges for hospital care that have placed a severe strain on health systems worldwide. As a result, policy makers are faced with the challenge of managing scarce hospital capacity to reduce the backlog of non-COVID patients while maintaining the ability to respond to any potential future increases in demand for COVID care. In this paper, we propose a nationwide prioritization scheme that models each individual patient as a dynamic program whose states encode the patient’s health and treatment condition, whose actions describe the available treatment options, whose transition probabilities characterize the stochastic evolution of the patient’s health, and whose rewards encode the contribution to the overall objectives of the health system. The individual patients’ dynamic programs are coupled through constraints on the available resources, such as hospital beds, doctors, and nurses. We show that the overall problem can be modeled as a grouped weakly coupled dynamic program for which we determine near-optimal solutions through a fluid approximation. Our case study for the National Health Service in England shows how years of life can be gained by prioritizing specific disease types over COVID patients, such as injury and poisoning, diseases of the respiratory system, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases of the digestive system, and cancer. This paper was accepted by Chung-Piaw Teo, optimization. Funding: G. Forchini acknowledges funding from Jan Wallanders and Tom Hedelius Foundation and the Tore Browaldh Foundation, funding from MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis [Reference MR/R015600/1], jointly funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), under the MRC/FCDO Concordat agreement, part of the EDCTP2 program supported by the European Union; and acknowledges funding by Community Jameel. D. Rizmie acknowledges partial funding from the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis [Reference MR/R015600/1]. J. C. D’Aeth acknowledges funding from the Wellcome Trust [Reference 102169/Z/13/Z]. S. Moret acknowledges partial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under [Grant P2ELP2_188028]. S. Ghosal was funded by the Imperial College President’s PhD Scholarship. F. Grimm was funded by the Health Foundation as part of core staff member activity. This research was funded in whole, or in part, by the Wellcome Trust [Grant 102169/Z/13/Z]. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4679 .
De la atenuación a la cohesión. La polifuncionalidad de los mecanismos pragmático-discursivos más allá de los marcadores
Authors: Fernández Madrazo Carmen , López Serena Araceli 
Published: February 2023

Este artículo se propone mostrar cómo en la interacción dialógica se utilizan expresiones que contribuyen simultáneamente a dos macrofunciones muy distintas: la interaccional, dentro de la que se sitúa la atenuación de la fuerza ilocutiva del enunciado, y la metadiscursiva, con la que se relacionan el establecimiento de cohesión o la segmentación estructural o informativa del discurso. El principal objetivo que se persigue con ello es el de alimentar el hasta ahora escaso interés que la lingüística especializada en el análisis de la lengua hablada ha mostrado tanto por el análisis conjunto de cohesión y atenuación como por el estudio de la polifuncionalidad, que, más allá de los marcadores del discurso, es posible detectar en otros muchos mecanismos pragmático-discursivos. En concreto, en los ejemplos que se analizan se presta especial atención a las recuperaciones anafóricas propiciadas por movimientos de concesión en secuencias argumentativas, a la reformulación, a expresiones construidas sobre la base de no sé que sirven tanto para fingir ignorancia como para ceder el turno y a un conjunto de expresiones de acotación de una determinada expresión al ámbito de la opinión personal que parecen estar especializándose para la toma de turno
Orthogonal polarization multi-wavelength Brillouin random fiber laser with triple Brillouin frequency shift space
Authors: Gu Xiang , Wang Chunhua , Wu Keshuai , Fang Nian , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi 
Published: February 2023

A novel multi-wavelength Brillouin random fiber laser with the channel space of triple Brillouin frequency shift and high polarization orthogonality between adjacent wavelengths (TOP-MWBRFL), to the best of our knowledge, is experimentally demonstrated. The TOP-MWBRFL is structured in a ring form by cascading two Brillouin random cavities of single-mode fiber (SMF) and one Brillouin random cavity of polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF). Based on polarization pulling properties of stimulated Brillouin scattering in long-distance SMFs and PMFs, the states of polarization (SOPs) of lasing light from SMF random cavities are linearly bounded to the SOPs of local pump light, whereas the SOP of lasing light from the PMF random cavity is strictly clamped on one of the principal axes of the PMF. Thus, the TOP-MWBRFL can stably emit multi-wavelength light with high polarization extinction ratio (>35dB) between adjacent wavelengths without precise polarization feedback. In addition, the TOP-MWBRFL can also work in one polarization mode to stably lase multi-wavelength light with SOP uniformity as high as 37 dB.
Infrared detector module for airborne hyperspectral LiDAR: design and demonstration
Authors: Qian Liyong , Wu Decheng , Liu Dong , Zhong Liujun , Shi Shuo , Song Shalei , Gong Wei 
Published: February 2023

Realizing the integrated acquisition and identification of the elevation information
and spectral information of the observation target is at the frontier
and a future trend of Earth observation technology. This study designs
and develops a set of airborne hyperspectral imaging lidar optical
receiving systems and investigates the detection of the infrared band
echo signal of the lidar system. A set of avalanche photodiode (APD)
detectors is independently designed to detect the weak echo signal
of 800–900 nm band. The actual radius of the
photosensitive surface of the APD detector is 0.25 mm. We
design and demonstrate the optical focusing system of the APD detector
in the laboratory and obtain that the image plane size of the optical
fiber end faces of the APD detector from channel 47 to channel 56 is
close to 0.3 mm. Results show that the optical focusing system
of the self-designed APD detector is reliable. On the basis of the
focal plane splitting technology of the fiber array, we couple the
echo signal of 800–900 nm band to the corresponding APD
detector through the fiber array and conduct a series of test
experiments for the APD detector. Field test results of the
ground-based platform show that the APD detectors in all channels can
complete the remote sensing measurement of 500 m. The
development of this APD detector solves the problem of hyperspectral
imaging under weak light signals and realizes the accurate detection
of ground targets in the infrared band by airborne hyperspectral
imaging lidar.
Power scaling of fiber-optic parametric oscillators using higher-order modes
Authors: Lægsgaard J. 
Published: February 2023

The use of higher-order radially symmetric (Bessel) modes in large-core optical fibers to provide intramodal phase matching for four-wave mixing in parametric oscillators pumped at 1030 nm is investigated numerically. It is shown that a suitable choice of core diameter in a 4 cm fiber piece can lead to broad tunability of signal/idler bands in the range of 1120–1500 nm (signal) and 780–950 nm (idler), only by adjusting the recirculation timing, while keeping the pump wavelength fixed. Power scaling to the MW level appears feasible, ultimately limited by nonlinear intermodal coupling. The oscillator performance is insensitive to the exact method of fiber recirculation and back-coupling, but highly sensitive to the purity of pump mode excitation.
Challenges of implementation of the preventive chemotherapy neglected tropical diseases programme in Ghana
Authors: Otoo Desmond Dzidzornu , Agbenu Ivy Akushika , Nyamekye Mary Adebi , Appiah-Agyekum Nana Nimo 
Published: February 2023

PurposeThe Neglected Tropical Diseases programme since its implementation has improved the lives of many in the tropical and sub-tropical areas. Though witnessed many successes, the programme is continually facing challenges thus, preventing the attainment of various objectives. This study seeks to assess the challenges of implementation of the neglected tropical diseases programme in Ghana.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe thematic analysis approach was used to analyze qualitative data collected from 18 key public health managers selected through purposive and snowballing procedures from the national, regional and district levels of Ghana Health Service. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews using semi-structured interview guides in line with the objective of the study.FindingsThe Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme though received funding from external sources, faces multiple challenges which cut across financial, human and capital resources to external control. Specifically, inadequate resources, dwindling volunteerism, poor social mobilization, weak governmental commitment and weak monitoring were major challenges to implementation. These factors work individually and in combination to impede effective implementation. Ensuring state ownership, re-structuring implementation approaches to include top-down and bottom-up approaches and building capacity in monitoring and evaluation are recommended in order to meet the programme objectives and ensure sustainability.OriginalityThis study forms part of an original study on Implementation of the NTDs programme in Ghana. Aside the key issues discussed, it presents first-hand information on major implementation challenges that are relevant to researchers, students, practitioners and the general public and will apply widely to vertically implemented programmes in Ghana.
Adherence to the test, treat and track strategy for malaria control among prescribers, Mfantseman Municipality, Central Region, Ghana
Authors: Agbemafle Ernestina Esinam , Addo-Lartey Adolphina , Odikro Magdalene Akos , Frimpong Joseph Asamoah , Kubio Chrysantus , Ameme Donne Kofi , Sackey Samuel Oko , Bonful Harriet Affran 
Published: February 2023

Background
The test, treat, and track (T3) strategy is directed at ensuring diagnosis and prompt treatment of uncomplicated malaria cases. Adherence to T3 strategy reduces wrong treatment and prevents delays in treating the actual cause of fever that may otherwise lead to complications or death. Data on adherence to all three aspects of the T3 strategy is sparse with previous studies focusing on the testing and treatment aspects. We determined adherence to the T3 strategy and associated factors in the Mfantseman Municipality of Ghana.

Methods
We conducted a health facility based cross-sectional survey in Saltpond Municipal Hospital and Mercy Women’s Catholic Hospitals in Mfantseman Municipality of the Central Region, Ghana in 2020. We retrieved electronic records of febrile outpatients and extracted the testing, treatment and tracking variables. Prescribers were interviewed on factors associated with adherence using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analyses was done using descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression.

Results
Of 414 febrile outpatient records analyzed, 47 (11.3%) were under five years old. About 180 (43.5%) were tested with 138 (76.7%) testing positive. All positive cases received antimalarials and 127 (92.0%) were reviewed after treatment. Of 414 febrile patients, 127 (30.7%) were treated according to the T3 strategy. Higher odds of adherence to T3 were observed for patients aged 5–25 years compared to older patients (AOR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.27–4.87, p = 0.008). Adherence was low among physician assistants compared to medical officers (AOR 0.004, 95% CI 0.004–0.02, p<0.001). Prescribers trained on T3 had higher adherence (AOR: 99.33 95% CI: 19.53–505.13, p<0.000).

Conclusion
Adherence to T3 strategy is low in Mfantseman Municipality of the Central Region of Ghana. Health facilities should perform RDTs for febrile patients at the OPD with priority on low cadre prescribers during the planning and implementation of interventions to improve T3 adherence at the facility level.
Protocol for pragmatic randomized clinical trial to evaluate the completion of treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection with Isoniazid in the 300 mg formulation
Authors: Cola João Paulo , Prado Thiago Nascimento do , Campos Bárbara Almeida , Borges Bárbara Juliana Pinheiro , Alves Bárbara Manuella Cardoso Sodré , Jezus Sonia Vivian de , Sales Carolina Maia Martins , Araújo Wildo Navegantes de , Tavares Noemia Urruth Leão , Noia Maciel Ethel Leonor 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
It is essential to strengthen the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to break the chain of transmission. The drug used worldwide for the treatment of LTBI is Isoniazid. A clinical trial conducted in Brazil has demonstrated the bioequivalence of Isoniazid in the 300 mg formulation with 3 tablets in the 100 mg formulation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the completion of treatment with Isoniazid 300 mg single tablet.

Objective
Describing a protocol for a clinical trial to evaluate the completion of treatment of LTBI with the drug Isoniazid in 300 mg tablet formulation compared to the use of Isoniazid in 100 mg tablet formulation.

Methods
This is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial registered on the Rebec RBR-2wsdt6 platform. Individuals 18 years of age or older with an indication for treatment of LTBI will be included, with only 1 individual per family nucleus. Individuals whose index case of active TB is categorized as retreatment, multidrug-resistant and extremely resistant, individuals transferred from the original center two or more weeks after the onset of treatment, and persons deprived of liberty will be excluded. The study intervention will be the treatment of LTBI with 1 tablet of Isoniazid 300 mg. The control group will receive the treatment of LTBI with 3 tablets of Isoniazid 100 mg. Follow-up will be performed at month 1, month 2 and at the end of treatment. The primary outcome will be completion of treatment.

Conclusion
It is expected that with the treatment with the 300 mg formulation, more patients will complete the treatment based on the complexity index of pharmacotherapy. Our study intends to substantiate theoretical and operational strategies that respond to the demand for incorporation of a new formulation of the drug for the treatment of LTBI in the Unified Health System network.
Clinical practice guideline recommendation summaries for pediatric oncology health care professionals: A qualitative study
Authors: Santesso Nancy , Beauchemin Melissa , Robinson Paula D. , Walsh Alexandra M. , Sugalski Aaron J. , Lo Tammy , Dang Ha , Fisher Brian T. , Grimes Allison C. , Wrightson Andrea Rothfus , Yu Lolie C. , Sung Lillian , Dupuis L. Lee 
Published: February 2023

Objective
To develop a summary format of clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations to improve understandability among health care professionals.

Methods
We developed a summary format based on current research and used the “Think Aloud” technique in one-on-one cognitive interviews to iteratively improve it. Interviews of health care professionals from Children’s Oncology Group-member, National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program sites were conducted. After every five interviews (a round), responses were reviewed, and changes made to the format until it was well understood and no new, substantive suggestions for revision were raised. We took a directed (deductive) approach to content analysis of the interview notes to identify concerns related to recommendation summary usability, understandability, validity, applicability and visual appeal.

Results
During seven rounds of interviews with 33 health care professionals, we identified important factors that influenced understandability. Participants found understanding weak recommendations more challenging than strong recommendations. Understanding was improved when the term ‘conditional’ recommendation was used instead of ‘weak’ recommendation. Participants found a Rationale section to be very helpful but desired more information when a recommendation entailed a practice change. In the final format, the recommendation strength is clearly indicated in the title, highlighted, and defined within a text box. The rationale for the recommendation is in a column on the left, with supporting evidence on the right. In a bulleted list, the Rationale section describes the benefits and harms and additional factors, such as implementation, that were considered by the CPG developers. Each bullet under the supporting evidence section indicates the level of evidence with an explanation and the supporting studies with hyperlinks when applicable.

Conclusions
A summary format to present strong and conditional recommendations was created through an iterative interview process. The format is straightforward, making it easy for organizations and CPG developers to use it to communicate recommendations clearly to intended users.
Fertility trends by HIV status in a health and demographic surveillance study in Magu District, Tanzania, 1994–2018
Authors: Mkwashapi Denna , Renju Jenny , Mahande Michael , Changalucha John , Urassa Mark , Todd Jim 
Published: February 2023

Background
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest fertility rates and highest HIV disease burden globally. However, it is not clear how the rapid expansion of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV has impacted the fertility gap between HIV-infected and uninfected women. We used data from a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in north-western Tanzania to explore trends in fertility rates and the relationship between HIV and fertility over the 25-year period.

Methods
From 1994 to 2018, births and population denominators from the HDSS population were used to obtain age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) and total fertility rates (TFRs). HIV status was extracted from eight rounds of epidemiologic serological surveillances (1994–2017). Fertility rates by HIV status and in different levels of ART availability were compared over time. Independent risk factors for fertility changes were examined using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
There were 24,662 births from 36,814 women (15–49) who contributed a total of 145,452.5 Person-Years of follow-ups. The TFR declined from 6.5 births per woman in 1994–1998 to 4.3 births per woman in 2014–2018. The number of births per woman was 40% lower in women living with HIV than in HIV-uninfected women (4.4 vs. 6.7), although this difference narrowed over time. The fertility rate in HIV-uninfected women was 36% lower in 2013–2018 than in 1994–1998(age-adjusted HR = 0.641; 95% CI 0.613–0.673). In contrast, the fertility rate in women living with HIV was relatively unchanged over the same follow up period (age-adjusted HR = 1.099; 95% CI 0.870–1.387).

Conclusions
There was a notable fertility decline among women in the study area from 1994 to 2018. Fertility remained lower in women living with HIV than in HIV-uninfected women, but the difference continued to narrow over time. These results highlight the need for more research into fertility changes, fertility desire and family planning use in Tanzanian rural communities.
The Role of Fiqh Teachers to Improve Students' Learning Motivation and Discipline of Worship through Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Layyina Charisma , Radino Radino 
Published: February 2023

Purpose – This study aims to explain the role and methods of Fiqh teachers in increasing learning motivation and worship discipline during online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and the supporting and inhibiting factors.
Design/methods/approach – This is a field study using a qualitative, descriptive method. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and finally generating conclusions.
Findings – The results showed that: 1) The role of the Fiqh teacher in increasing the learning motivation and discipline of worship at MTs N 9 Bantul during online learning was carried out by encouraging students, warm greetings, giving motivation, advice, attention, and Islamic activities so that children carried away in a happy state before undergoing online lessons. Teachers also provide incentives in the form of points, grades, and praise, provide guidance, direct, remind in conducting religious habituation and online learning, as well as evaluating students, and collaborating between schools, teachers, and parents. 2) The inhibiting factors for teachers in implementing their roles are the lack of gadgets, problems with internet data packages, signal networks, lack of assistance and supervision, and student boredom.
Research limitation– This study has limitations on the cases observed in MTs N 9 Bantul.
Originality/value – The findings of this study provide an overview of how the role of religious teachers in increasing students' learning motivation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Preliminary Study on the Development of Infographic-Based Islamic Education Teaching Materials to Improve Soft Skills for High School Students in Surakarta
Authors: Wulandari Pramesti , Asrowi Asrowi , Djono Djono 
Published: February 2023

Purpose – This research aims to conduct an initial assessment of students' attitudes in high school, with a focus on Islamic education, which is one of the benchmarks in soft skills development activities.
Design/methods/approach – This study uses research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) with three stages in it, namely the preliminary, development, and testing stages. To increase students' soft skills, an infographic-based Islamic Religious Education teaching material was designed in this study.
Findings – According to preliminary research conducted at senior high schools in Surakarta with class XI subjects, Islamic learning does not provide opportunities for students to improve their soft skills. This is requiring the development of learning tools, one of which is infographic-based teaching materials, to assist in achieving the expected competencies.
Research limitations – This study focuses on acquiring Islamic education in high school, with a focus on the limitations of development in teaching materials that affect students' ability to obtain competencies in the form of soft skills.
Originality/value – A preliminary investigation into the development of teaching materials in Islamic education courses, namely for senior secondary school, was studied further in this study. The development of soft skills is one of the things that is actively supported in the development of character education in Indonesian schools.