bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial bias in anti‐saccade endpoints following bilateral dorsal posterior parietal lesions
Authors: Ouerfelli‐Ethier Julie , Fournet Romain , Khan Aarlenne Z. , Pisella Laure 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnti‐saccades are eye movements in which the saccade is executed in the opposite direction of a visual target and are often hypometric. Because the visual target and saccade goal are decoupled, it has been suggested that competition between the two locations occurs and needs to be resolved. It has been hypothesized that the hypometria of anti‐saccades reflects this spatial competition by revealing a bias towards the visual target. To confirm that this hypometria is not simply due to reduced gain, we tested 10 healthy subjects on three different anti‐saccade spatial configuration tasks: 90° away across hemifields, 90° away within the same hemifield and 180° away (classic, diagonally opposite). Specifically, we examined whether saccade endpoints showed evidence for the visual target location's interference with anti‐saccade programming and execution processes. Among other neural substrates involved in anti‐saccades production, the dorsal posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been implicated in the spatial inhibition of contralateral visual target. To gain insight into the neural processes involved in spatial competition during anti‐saccades, we also tested one patient with a bilateral dorsal PPC lesion. In all spatial configurations, we observed that anti‐saccade endpoints demonstrated a spatial bias towards the visual target for all participants, likely due to an incomplete inhibition of the visual target location. This spatial bias was exacerbated in our patient, which suggests that the dorsal PPC contributes to the amalgamation of the two competing spatial representations.
Roles of Korean mothers' child‐based self‐worth and psychological control in child outcomes
Authors: Kyeong Yena , Seol Kyoung Ok , Park Ji‐Eun , Varghese Agnes M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the implications of Korean mothers' tendency to gain self‐worth from their children's achievements (i.e., child‐based self‐worth) for child outcomes.BackgroundWe tested the role of psychological control in mediating the link between mothers' child‐based self‐worth and child outcomes. The moderating roles of contextual (i.e., school levels) and child characteristics (i.e., perceived maternal sacrifice) in this process were examined.MethodMothers and their children in elementary (n = 162) and in middle and high school (n = 172) were recruited. Mothers reported on their child‐based self‐worth and psychological control, and children reported on their perception of maternal sacrifice and their depression and hyperactivity.ResultsMothers' child‐based self‐worth predicted psychological control, which in turn, related to children's depression and hyperactivity. The link between maternal child‐based self‐worth and psychological control was stronger in the middle and high school sample. Children's perceived sacrifice attenuated the effects of psychological control on child outcomes.ConclusionMiddle and high school (vs. elementary) mothers with high child‐based self‐worth may be more vulnerable to exhibiting controlling parenting. The relationship between maternal child‐based self‐worth and child outcomes may vary by contextual and child characteristics.ImplicationsFindings denote the implications of parenting behaviors derived from parents' self‐concerns in child outcomes, as well as the role of children in parenting processes.
The behavior of anisotropic fatigue short crack initiation and propagation for a directionally solidified superalloy CM247LC at room temperature
Authors: Tan Yuanguo , Octaviani Sari , Gao Nong , Reed Philippa A. S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe effects of mechanical and microstructural anisotropy on short fatigue crack initiation and propagation behaviors of a directionally solidified superalloy have been studied. An unusual result was found where the fatigue lives of specimens with grains longitudinally aligned along the loading direction fail at lower lifetimes than specimens with transversely loaded grains when the applied stress is close to the yield stress. This is mainly attributed to the lower Young's modulus of the longitudinal specimen, which induces more local plastic strain (at stress concentration features) leading to earlier crack initiation and faster crack propagation under the applied test stress.
Physical characteristics, acceptability and biochemical properties of biscuits using Decalepis hamiltonii tuber extract as a natural flavouring agent
Authors: ML Sudha , K Umashankar , K Ashwath Kumar , P Giridhar , P Prabhasankar 
Published: July 2023

SummaryDecalepis hamiltonii natural flavour extract, an endemic flavour was first time used in food processing in biscuit formulation. 2‐hydroxy 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde (2H4MB), a structural isomer of vanillin is the major flavour‐attributing compound used. During the study, aqueous (6%–12%), and ethanolic (0.5%–2%) extracts, which are reported to be rich in flavour metabolites, and having antioxidan activity were used. These extracts were added at different concentrations and the physical, sensory, and biochemical properties of biscuits were evaluated along with bioactive retention. The breaking force required to break the +ve Control biscuit was 873 g force and was in the range between 916 and 988 g force for the biscuits with either of the tuber extracts. The biscuits made of ethanol extract have shown lighter colour with a low L value (61.84–58.36) compared to aqueous extract (63.67–56.87). Biscuit samples made with both aqueous and ethanol extracts showed good retention of bioactive compounds. However, the biscuit formulation with 1% ethanol extract showed good sensory (mouthfeel (8.7), flavour (8.6), and taste (8.6)) and in vitroantioxidant potential (11.6 ± 0.1 mg−1 100 g AAE) among formulations. The flavour metabolite in biscuits made of both extracts was quantified using HPLC and determined in range between 1 and 3 μg/g and compound presence is confirmed with mass spectrosocpy. With the present observations, we can infer that D. hamiltonii natural flavour extract can be used as an alternative to synthetic flavour in biscuit formulation.
Comparison of immune responses in children with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein–Barr virus at different infection stages
Authors: Chen Bing , Han Ning , Gao Ling‐yu , Zhou Ting‐dong , Zhang Hao , He Pei , Zhou Qiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionInfectious mononucleosis (IM) is a common infectious disease in children mainly caused by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, followed by abnormal immune response, and resulting in serious complications. However, there are few clinical analyses of immune responses in children with IM at different stages.MethodsThis study combined EBV serological test and EBV DNA test to diagnose the infection status of children with IM, and the infection status was divided into primary acute IM infection (AIM), primary late IM infection (LIM) and reactivation IM infection (RIM).ResultsThe results revealed that the absolute numbers of leukocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes in primary IM infection were significantly higher than those in reactivation infection, while the frequencies of CD4+ T lymphocytes and B cells were significantly lower than those in reactivation infection. In addition, the activities of ALT, AST, α‐HBDH and LDH in liver function indicators in primary infection were significantly increased compared with reactivation infection. Similarly, the EBV DNA levels of the primary infection were significantly higher than that of the reactivation infection.ConclusionThere are differences in immune response at different stages of infection, which can provide guidance for effective treatment in children with IM infection.
Toward non‐invasive collection methods for sampling the microbiome of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Travis Dorothy Jeanette , Bradbury Joanne , Benkendorff Kirsten 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIdentifying the microbiome within chronic diabetic foot ulcers is essential if effective antimicrobial therapies are to be administered. Using culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the aim of this study was to compare the microbiome of paired tissue scraping samples with swab samples, collected from participants during attendance at a high‐risk foot clinic. The mean richness of cultured swab and tissue scraping samples was consistent, with anaerobes infrequently isolated from both sample types. Comparing percentage frequencies of detection of selected genera of known and potential pathogens namely Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas from cultured and sequenced swab and tissue scrapings indicated that both collection methods captured varying percentages of all the selected genera. The mean abundance of sequenced samples was not significantly different between swabs and tissue scrapings. The mean richness or number of distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and Shannon's H diversity index were not significantly different between the two collection methods. The mean relative abundance of the selected genera of known and potential pathogens, including anaerobes Anaerococcus and Finegoldia, was higher in swabs compared with tissue scrapings and significantly so in Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas genera. Multivariate analyses confirmed no significant differences between the bacterial community compositions of the paired samples. These results suggest that tissue scrapings and swabs can effectively capture the microbiome of chronic DFUs using culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
The environmental performance of plastic packaging waste management in Germany: Current and future key factors
Authors: Schmidt Sarah , Laner David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlastic is a popular packaging material, but also criticized as a symbol for the make‐use‐dispose economy because of its short lifespan, its dependency on fossil fuels, and its potential contribution to marine litter. To identify current and potential future key factors for the environmental performance of plastic packaging waste (PPW) management in Germany, a life cycle assessment considering five different pathways of PPW (including deposit‐refund systems, separately collected lightweight packaging waste, and treatment of non‐source‐separated residual waste) was performed. The analysis related to the year 2017 and also considered prospective changes in the background system until 2050 by adapting inventories to shared socioeconomic pathways in line with the Paris Agreement. Key factors for the environmental performance were determined by perturbation analysis. Source separation, quality and quantity of recycled plastics, and emissions from the thermal utilization of residues were identified as key factors for the environmental performance of PPW management. While benefits of PPW management are expected to decrease due to prospective system changes, source separation and the separation of plastics from residual waste gain in importance. Potential measures for improving the environmental performance should focus on long‐term key factors, especially separating PPW from the residual waste (in households or in waste treatment facilities) as well as increasing the quantities and qualities of recycled plastics. The present study showed that the evaluation of system performance in view of changing boundary conditions is key to identify optimal configurations of future PPW management.
Transforming existing local ecosystems to circular economy ecosystems for plastics: The case of the PlastiCity ecosystem
Authors: Litaudon Virginie , Chen Yiran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses the transition toward a circular economy ecosystem (CEE) for plastics by assessing and mapping existing ecosystems and coordinating efforts among ecosystem actors. The PlastiCity ecosystem is used as a case study. The study employs ecosystem analysis and mapping to identify the new activities and actors needed to transition toward a CEE. These include local and eco‐friendly transportation, plastic recycling knowledge management, and upgrading the existing recycling infrastructure. The findings emphasize the significance of the joint orchestration of ecosystem actors facilitated by an ecosystem coordinator and knowledge team to achieve a CEE. It presents a tangible and feasible approach to achieving a local plastic CEE. The policymakers are encouraged to support collaborative orchestration efforts among ecosystem actors and establish knowledge management practices that facilitate ecosystem transitions.
Reexamining health messages in the political age: The politicization of the COVID‐19 pandemic and its detrimental effects on vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Kareklas Ioannis , Bhattacharya Devipsita , Muehling Darrel D. , Kisekka Victoria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOur work investigates the extent to which the politicization of health science may have impacted consumers' vaccine hesitancy during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This inter‐disciplinary, multi‐method manuscript reports the results of three empirical investigations designed to examine how the consumers' political leanings and the sources they rely on for information might influence their decisions to receive a COVID‐19 vaccine. We explore how radically opposing viewpoints regarding the pandemic may have eroded public trust in government institutions and health science during the months leading up to the 2020 U.S. presidential election. In addition, we examine how consumers with opposing political leanings may be differentially influenced by promotional messages that represent the two dominant contrasting viewpoints regarding the COVID‐19 pandemic. Importantly, we find that low vaccine‐hesitant Trump voters can be successfully targeted for pro‐vaccination interventions using highly credible spokespeople, perceived to have high levels of expertise and trustworthiness.
The Association between Religious Discrimination and Health: Disaggregating by Types of Discrimination Experiences, Religious Tradition, and Forms of Health
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , Frost Jacqui , Ecklund Elaine Howard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractResearch finds that experiences of religious discrimination are often associated with poorer health outcomes. However, there remain important questions to consider gaps, including whether religious discrimination has similar health impacts on religious minority groups and religious majority groups, whether religious discrimination is equally harmful for both mental and physical health, and whether specific types of discrimination have different impacts on health. Using survey data from a probability sample of U.S. adults and measures representing a variety of discrimination experience types, our analyses suggest that religious discrimination is indeed harmful for health, but that experiences of religious discrimination do not universally affect mental and physical health in the same ways. Rather than significant differences in the health impacts of religious discrimination across different religious groups, we find more variation in the health impacts of different types of experiences with discrimination. Further, we find that mental health is negatively impacted by a wider range of experiences with religious discrimination than physical health. These findings are in line with social psychological research on the differential health impacts of discrimination, and they highlight the importance of context in studies of the health effects of religious discrimination.
A threshold for mitotic activity and post‐surgical residual volume defines distinct prognostic groups for astrocytoma IDH‐mutant
Authors: Tran Suzanne , Thomas Alice , Aliouat Ilyes , Karachi Carine , Lozano Fernando , Mokhtari Karima , Dehais Caroline , Feuvret Loïc , Carpentier Catherine , Giry Marine , Doukani Abiba , Lerond Julie , Marie Yannick , Sanson Marc , Idbaih Ahmed , Carpentier Alexandre , Hoang‐Xuan Khê , Touat Mehdi , Capelle Laurent , Bielle Franck 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsThe distinction between CNS WHO grade 2 and grade 3 is instrumental in choosing between observational follow‐up and adjuvant treatment for resected astrocytomas IDH‐mutant. However, the criteria of CNS WHO grade 2 vs 3 have not been updated since the pre‐IDH era.MethodsMaximal mitotic activity in consecutive high‐power fields corresponding to 3 mm2 was examined for 118 lower‐grade astrocytomas IDH‐mutant. The prognostic value for time‐to‐treatment (TTT) and overall survival (OS) of mitotic activity and other putative prognostic factors (including age, performance status, pre‐surgical tumour volume, multilobar involvement, post‐surgical residual tumour volume and midline involvement) was assessed for tumours with ATRX loss and the absence of CDKN2A homozygous deletion or CDK4 amplification, contrast enhancement, histological necrosis and microvascular proliferation.ResultsSeventy‐one per cent of the samples had <6 mitoses per 3 mm2. Mitotic activity, residual volume and multilobar involvement were independent prognostic factors of TTT. The threshold of ≥6 mitoses per 3 mm2 identified patients with a shorter TTT (median 18.5 months). A residual volume ≥1 cm3 also identified patients with a shorter TTT (median 24.5 months). The group defined by <6 mitoses per 3 mm2 and a residual volume <1 cm3 had the longest TTT (median 73 months) and OS (100% survival at 7 years). These findings were confirmed in a validation cohort of 52 tumours.ConclusionsMitotic activity and post‐surgical residual volume can be combined to evaluate the prognosis for patients with resected astrocytomas IDH‐mutant. Patients with <6 mitoses per 3 mm2 and a residual volume <1 cm3 were the best candidates for observational follow‐up.
Characterization of Xanthomonas hortorum isolates causing leaf spot on Primula vulgaris
Authors: Shenavar Omid , Rahimian Heshmatolah , Barzegar Ali 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe bacterial leaf spot of Primula vulgaris was reported from forest locations in Mazandaran province, Iran in 1995. The causative bacterium was initially identified as Xanthomonas campestris based on sequences of ITS and 16S rRNA regions. On the basis of sequences of gyrB and dnaK housekeeping genes, the isolates resembled strains of Xanthomonas hortorum. The present study was performed to clarify the taxonomic status of the incitant bacterium. Samples of P. vulgaris with leaf spot symptoms were collected from the Darabkola forest (Mazandaran province) and the bacterial strains were isolated on plates of glucose nutrient agar. Some isolates only induced hypersensitive reaction on geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum) leaves but a few isolates incited leaf spot symptoms when inoculated on P. vulgaris, P. heterochroma and P. × polyantha plants. The isolates were Gram stain, oxidase and urease negative but positive in tests for catalase and hydrolysis of gelatin, aesculin and Tween 80. Several unique nonpathogenic isolates were recovered with varying carbon source utilization profiles and different molecular features, including distinct ERIC‐PCR profiles. Representative gyrB, rpoD, dnaK and fyuA housekeeping genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced for comparison with Xanthomonas species in the GenBank database using maximum‐likelihood, maximum‐parsimony and Bayesian algorithms to construct phylogenetic trees. The pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains were closely related to X. hortorum pathovars. Therefore, it is likely that these isolates belong to a new pathovar of X. hortorum. Based on previous studies and our findings, we propose naming the strain causing primrose leaf spot as X. hortorum pv. primulicola.
Canine prostatic serum esterase and strain and 2D‐shear wave sonoelastography for evaluation of normal prostate in dogs: Preliminary results
Authors: Bucci Roberta , Del Signore Francesca , Vignoli Massimo , Felici Andrea , Russo Marco , Maresca Carmen , Carluccio Augusto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCanine prostatic serum esterase (CPSE) is considered a useful tool to identify prostate disorders in dogs, with increasing interest in ultrasound (US)‐based sonoelastography to non‐invasively detect prostate disorders. Since no report is available about a possible correlation between these diagnostic tools, we aimed to investigate a possible correlation between strain elastography (SE) and 2D‐shear wave elastography (SWE) and CPSE. Twenty‐one dogs were included and, on each animal, CPSE was evaluated followed by a complete US examination and SE and 2D‐SWE application. Healthy dogs were identified based on the CPSE results. All the dogs included were characterized by normal CPSE values (<52.3 ng/mL) and normal US prostate appearance. The prostate was characterized by intermediate stiffness with SE (pattern III – 84.7% for the left lobe and 79.27% for the right lobe) and softer than the abdominal wall (SR 0.6 for the left lobe and 0.56 for the right lobe), with low values for both m/s and kilopascals (kPa) for 2D‐SWE, pointing that the healthy tissue is not hard. 2D‐SWE results were, respectively, 13.51 ± 5.55 kPa and 2.31 ± 0.42 m/s for the left lobe and 18.05 ± 6.47 kPa and 2.39 ± 0.43 m/s for the right lobe. The significant difference between the right and left measurements expressed with kPa, not evidenced with m/s, can be considered indicative of m/s as the most reliable measurement to be considered regarding the prostate parenchyma. Even though no linear correlation was detected between CPSE and elastography values, these preliminary results evidence that the healthy prostates were characterized by a similar elastographic pattern, thus pointing that these techniques can be potentially useful to be applied in case of prostatic disorders to improve the accuracy of the final diagnosis in a non‐invasive way.
Comparing the efficacy of plasma exeresis and cryotherapy for the treatment of seborrheic keratosis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Noorbakhsh Maryam , Kalantari Yasamin , Ghasemi Erfan , Shokri Babak , Mahmoudi Hamidreza , Daneshpazhooh Maryam , Etesami Ifa , Khani Mohammadreza 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeborrheic keratoses (SK) is a benign epithelial skin tumor and plasma exeresis is a new technique.AimsTo compare the efficacy and safety of plasma exeresis and cryotherapy for treating SK.MethodsThis study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT). One side of each patient was randomly treated with plasma exeresis (peak‐to‐peak voltage of 3.44 kV and a frequency of 62.5 kHz) and the other side with cryotherapy.ResultsThirty‐five males were enrolled. At week 3, 37.1 % (N = 13) of lesions treated by plasma exeresis were clear, which was higher than those treated by cryotherapy 17.1% (N = 6). However, this difference was not significant (p‐value: 0.06). At week 6, 16 (57.1 %) out of 28 remaining lesions, treated by plasma exeresis were clear, which was significantly higher (p‐value: 0.005) than those completely cleared by cryotherapy in 6 out of 29 remaining lesions (20.7%).The mean physician assessment scale score was significantly reduced in both groups in the second follow‐up (plasma group first follow‐up 0.91 ± 0.89 vs. second follow‐up 0.5 ± 0.64 and p‐value: 0.0031; cryo group first follow‐up 1.4 ± 0.84 vs. second follow‐up 1.1 ± 0.72 and p‐value: 0.0002).Regarding side effects, no significant difference was seen (p = 0.438). The most common complications in the plasma and cryotherapy groups were erythema (10/19, 52.63%) and hypo pigmentation (5/13, 38.46%).ConclusionsBoth cryotherapy and plasma exeresis are effective. We observed a significantly higher cleared lesions treated with plasma exeresis in 6 weeks and after two sessions.