bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of stumble recovery assistance in a knee exoskeleton for individuals with simulated mobility impairment: A pilot study
Authors: Eveld Maura E. , King Shane T. , Zelik Karl E. , Goldfarb Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Falls due to stumbles are a major cause of injury for many populations, and as such interventions to reduce fall risk have been a key focus of rehabilitation research. However, dedicated stumble recovery assistance in a powered lower-limb exoskeleton has yet to be explored as a fall mitigation intervention. Thus young, healthy adults (

$ N=3 $

) were recruited for a stumble recovery experiment to test the efficacy of knee exoskeleton stumble recovery assistance in improving an impaired stumble recovery response (i.e., the elevating strategy response). Leg weights were attached unilaterally to each participant’s shank to simulate walking and stumble recovery impairment, and a unilateral powered knee exoskeleton was worn on the same leg for walking and stumble recovery assistance. Ultimately, knee exoskeleton stumble recovery assistance served to improve participants’ elevating limb kinematics (i.e., increase thigh and knee motion) and reduce overall fall risk (i.e., reduce trunk motion and improve foot placement) during responses relative to their impaired response (i.e., with the leg weights and no assistance), and relative to their response while receiving only walking assistance. This initial exploration provides a first indication that knee exoskeleton stumble recovery assistance is a viable approach to improving an impaired stumble recovery response, which could serve two important use cases: (1) a safety mechanism for existing exoskeleton wearers, who may be less capable of recovering from stumbles due to the added weight or joint impedance of the device; (2) an external stumble recovery aid for fall-prone populations, such as the elderly or stroke survivors.
A supervisory controller intended to arrest dynamic falls with a wearable cold-gas thruster
Authors: Baimyshev Almaskhan , Finn-Henry Michael , Goldfarb Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article examines the feasibility of employing a cold-gas thruster (CGT), intended as a backpack-wearable device, for purposes of arresting backward falls, and in particular describes a supervisory controller that, for some motion described by an arbitrary combination of center-of-mass angle and angular velocity, both detects an impending fall and determines when to initiate thrust in the CGT in order to arrest the impending fall. The CGT prototype and the supervisory controller are described and experimentally assessed using a rocking block apparatus intended to approximate a backward-falling human. In these experiments, the CGT and supervisory controller restored upright stability to the rocking block in all experiment cases that would have otherwise resulted in a fall without the CGT assistance. Since the controller and experiments employ a reduced-order model of a falling human, the authors also conducted a series of simulations intended to examine the extent to which the controller might remain effective in the case of a multi-segment human. The results of these simulations suggest that the CGT controller would be nearly as effective on a multi-segment falling human as on the reduced-order model.
Upscaling Wetland Methane Emissions From the FLUXNET‐CH4 Eddy Covariance Network (UpCH4 v1.0): Model Development, Network Assessment, and Budget Comparison
Authors: McNicol Gavin , Fluet‐Chouinard Etienne , Ouyang Zutao , Knox Sara , Zhang Zhen , Aalto Tuula , Bansal Sheel , Chang Kuang‐Yu , Chen Min , Delwiche Kyle , Feron Sarah , Goeckede Mathias , Liu Jinxun , Malhotra Avni , Melton Joe R. , Riley William , Vargas Rodrigo , Yuan Kunxiaojia , Ying Qing , Zhu Qing , Alekseychik Pavel , Aurela Mika , Billesbach David P. , Campbell David I. , Chen Jiquan , Chu Housen , Desai Ankur R. , Euskirchen Eugenie , Goodrich Jordan , Griffis Timothy , Helbig Manuel , Hirano Takashi , Iwata Hiroki , Jurasinski Gerald , King John , Koebsch Franziska , Kolka Randall , Krauss Ken , Lohila Annalea , Mammarella Ivan , Nilson Mats , Noormets Asko , Oechel Walter , Peichl Matthias , Sachs Torsten , Sakabe Ayaka , Schulze Christopher , Sonnentag Oliver , Sullivan Ryan C. , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina , Ueyama Masahito , Vesala Timo , Ward Eric , Wille Christian , Wong Guan Xhuan , Zona Donatella , Windham‐Myers Lisamarie , Poulter Benjamin , Jackson Robert B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWetlands are responsible for 20%–31% of global methane (CH4) emissions and account for a large source of uncertainty in the global CH4 budget. Data‐driven upscaling of CH4 fluxes from eddy covariance measurements can provide new and independent bottom‐up estimates of wetland CH4 emissions. Here, we develop a six‐predictor random forest upscaling model (UpCH4), trained on 119 site‐years of eddy covariance CH4 flux data from 43 freshwater wetland sites in the FLUXNET‐CH4 Community Product. Network patterns in site‐level annual means and mean seasonal cycles of CH4 fluxes were reproduced accurately in tundra, boreal, and temperate regions (Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency ∼0.52–0.63 and 0.53). UpCH4 estimated annual global wetland CH4 emissions of 146 ± 43 TgCH4 y−1 for 2001–2018 which agrees closely with current bottom‐up land surface models (102–181 TgCH4 y−1) and overlaps with top‐down atmospheric inversion models (155–200 TgCH4 y−1). However, UpCH4 diverged from both types of models in the spatial pattern and seasonal dynamics of tropical wetland emissions. We conclude that upscaling of eddy covariance CH4 fluxes has the potential to produce realistic extra‐tropical wetland CH4 emissions estimates which will improve with more flux data. To reduce uncertainty in upscaled estimates, researchers could prioritize new wetland flux sites along humid‐to‐arid tropical climate gradients, from major rainforest basins (Congo, Amazon, and SE Asia), into monsoon (Bangladesh and India) and savannah regions (African Sahel) and be paired with improved knowledge of wetland extent seasonal dynamics in these regions. The monthly wetland methane products gridded at 0.25° from UpCH4 are available via ORNL DAAC (https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2253).
Ridge Subduction: Unraveling the Consequences Linked to a Slab Window Development Beneath South America at the Chile Triple Junction
Authors: Sanhueza Jorge , Yáñez Gonzalo , Buck W. Roger , Araya Vargas Jaime , Veloso Eugenio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe subduction of an active spreading center generates a clear signature in the temporal evolution of subduction zones. It disrupts the typical arc‐type magmatism and intraplate seismicity, enhances the emplacement of backarc plateau lava and profoundly change the tectonics and topographic relief. These distinct observations are commonly linked to a slab window opening and mantle upwelling. The Chile Triple Junction provides the ideal setup to study the mid‐ocean ridge subduction process where both sides of the spreading center continue to subduct. Here, we use 2‐D numerical petrological‐thermomechanical modeling to focus on transient geodynamic processes caused by mid‐ocean ridge subduction. Model results show slab separation along the ridge axis with the opening of a slab window. During the opening, partial melts from the spreading center migrate toward the subcontinental mantle and high temperatures in the forearc are predicted. The temporal evolution of the modeled temperature is consistent with observed heat flow data, and with magmatism and high‐temperature metamorphism recorded in Chilean forearc rocks. Such migrated partial melts might explain the low viscosity inferred and low seismic velocity anomalies imaged in the slab window beneath South America, and the common geochemical signature of the Chile Ridge, the Taitao Ophiolite and the backarc magmatism. Following slab separation, our models suggest forearc uplift and changes in the stress regime, processes which are consistent with deformation records. Summarizing, our model of the geodynamic evolution of the Chile Ridge subduction provides a consistent framework that explains diverse records of magmatism, metamorphism, deformation and mantle physical properties.
A small molecule 20C from Gastrodia elata inhibits α-synuclein aggregation and prevents progression of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Peng Ye , Ye Jun-rui , Wang Sha-sha , He Wen-bin , Feng Zhong-ping , Sun Hong-shuo , Chu Shi-feng , Zhang Zhao , Chen Nai-hong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is pathologically manifested by the aggregation of α-synuclein, which has been envisioned as a promising disease-modifying target for PD. Here, we identified 20C, a bibenzyl compound derived from Gastrodia elata, able to inhibit the aggregation of A53T variants of α-synuclein directly in vitro. Computational analysis revealed that 20C binds to cavities in mature α-synuclein fibrils, and it indeed displays a strong interaction with α-synuclein and reduced their β-sheet structure by microscale thermophoresis and circular dichroism, respectively. Moreover, incubating neural cells with 20C reduced the amounts of α-synuclein inclusions significantly. The treatment of A53T α-Syn transgenic mice with 20C significantly reduces the toxic α-synuclein levels, improves behavioral performance, rescues dopaminergic neuron, and enhances functional connections between SNc and PD associated brain areas. The transcriptome analysis of SNc demonstrated that 20C improves mitochondrial dynamics, which protects mitochondrial morphology and function against α-synuclein induced degeneration. Overall, 20C appears to be a promising candidate for the treatment of PD.
A fungal sesquiterpene biosynthesis gene cluster critical for mutualist-pathogen transition in Colletotrichum tofieldiae
Authors: Hiruma Kei , Aoki Seishiro , Takino Junya , Higa Takeshi , Utami Yuniar Devi , Shiina Akito , Okamoto Masanori , Nakamura Masami , Kawamura Nanami , Ohmori Yoshihiro , Sugita Ryohei , Tanoi Keitaro , Sato Toyozo , Oikawa Hideaki , Minami Atsushi , Iwasaki Wataru , Saijo Yusuke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlant-associated fungi show diverse lifestyles from pathogenic to mutualistic to the host; however, the principles and mechanisms through which they shift the lifestyles require elucidation. The root fungus Colletotrichum tofieldiae (Ct) promotes Arabidopsis thaliana growth under phosphate limiting conditions. Here we describe a Ct strain, designated Ct3, that severely inhibits plant growth. Ct3 pathogenesis occurs through activation of host abscisic acid pathways via a fungal secondary metabolism gene cluster related to the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene metabolites, including botrydial. Cluster activation during root infection suppresses host nutrient uptake-related genes and changes mineral contents, suggesting a role in manipulating host nutrition state. Conversely, disruption or environmental suppression of the cluster renders Ct3 beneficial for plant growth, in a manner dependent on host phosphate starvation response regulators. Our findings indicate that a fungal metabolism cluster provides a means by which infectious fungi modulate lifestyles along the parasitic–mutualistic continuum in fluctuating environments.
Subjective socioeconomic status and income inequality are
associated with self-reported morality across 67 countries
Authors: Elbæk Christian T. , Mitkidis Panagiotis , Aarøe Lene , Otterbring Tobias 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIndividuals can experience a lack of economic resources compared to
others, which we refer to as subjective experiences of economic scarcity. While such
experiences have been shown to shift cognitive focus, attention, and
decision-making, their association with human morality remains debated. We conduct a
comprehensive investigation of the relationship between subjective experiences of
economic scarcity, as indexed by low subjective socioeconomic status at the
individual level, and income inequality at the national level, and various
self-reported measures linked to morality. In a pre-registered study, we analyze
data from a large, cross-national survey (N = 50,396 across 67 countries) allowing us to address limitations
related to cross-cultural generalizability and measurement validity in prior
research. Our findings demonstrate that low subjective socioeconomic status at the
individual level, and income inequality at the national level, are associated with
higher levels of moral identity, higher morality-as-cooperation, a larger moral
circle, and increased prosocial intentions. These results appear robust to several
advanced control analyses. Finally, exploratory analyses indicate that observed
income inequality at the national level is not a statistically significant moderator
of the associations between subjective socioeconomic status and the included
measures of morality. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for
understanding human morality under experiences of resource scarcity.
Projecting the future incidence and burden of dengue in Southeast Asia
Authors: Colón-González Felipe J. , Gibb Rory , Khan Kamran , Watts Alexander , Lowe Rachel , Brady Oliver J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe recent global expansion of dengue has been facilitated by changes in urbanisation, mobility, and climate. In this work, we project future changes in dengue incidence and case burden to 2099 under the latest climate change scenarios. We fit a statistical model to province-level monthly dengue case counts from eight countries across Southeast Asia, one of the worst affected regions. We project that dengue incidence will peak this century before declining to lower levels with large variations between and within countries. Our findings reveal that northern Thailand and Cambodia will show the biggest decreases and equatorial areas will show the biggest increases. The impact of climate change will be counterbalanced by income growth, with population growth having the biggest influence on increasing burden. These findings can be used for formulating mitigation and adaptation interventions to reduce the immediate growing impact of dengue virus in the region.
Magnetic quasi-atomic electrons driven reversible structural and magnetic transitions between electride and its hydrides
Authors: Lee Seung Yong , Lim Dong Cheol , Khan Md Salman , Hwang Jeong Yun , Kim Hyung Sub , Lee Kyu Hyung , Kim Sung Wng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn electrides, interstitial anionic electrons (IAEs) in the quantized energy levels at cavities of positively charged lattice framework possess their own magnetic moment and interact with each or surrounding cations, behaving as quasi-atoms and inducing diverse magnetism. Here, we report the reversible structural and magnetic transitions by the substitution of the quasi-atomic IAEs in the ferromagnetic two-dimensional [Gd2C]2+·2e− electride with hydrogens and subsequent dehydrogenation of the canted antiferromagnetic Gd2CHy (y > 2.0). It is demonstrated that structural and magnetic transitions are strongly coupled by the presence or absence of the magnetic quasi-atomic IAEs and non-magnetic hydrogen anions in the interlayer space, which dominate exchange interactions between out-of-plane Gd−Gd atoms. Furthermore, the magnetic quasi-atomic IAEs are inherently conserved by the hydrogen desorption from the P$$\bar{3}$$

3

¯

1m structured Gd2CHy, restoring the original ferromagnetic state of the R$$\bar{3}$$

3

¯

m structured [Gd2C]2+·2e− electride. This variable density of magnetic quasi-atomic IAEs enables the quantum manipulation of floating electron phases on the electride surface.
Magnetic Janus origami robot for cross-scale droplet omni-manipulation
Authors: Jiang Shaojun , Li Bo , Zhao Jun , Wu Dong , Zhang Yiyuan , Zhao Zhipeng , Zhang Yiyuan , Yu Hao , Shao Kexiang , Zhang Cong , Li Rui , Chen Chao , Shen Zuojun , Hu Jie , Dong Bin , Zhu Ling , Li Jiawen , Wang Liqiu , Chu Jiaru , Hu Yanlei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe versatile manipulation of cross-scale droplets is essential in many fields. Magnetic excitation is widely used for droplet manipulation due to its distinguishing merits. However, facile magnetic actuation strategies are still lacked to realize versatile multiscale droplet manipulation. Here, a type of magnetically actuated Janus origami robot is readily fabricated for versatile cross-scale droplet manipulation including three-dimensional transport, merging, splitting, dispensing and release of daughter droplets, stirring and remote heating. The robot allows untethered droplet manipulation from ~3.2 nL to ~51.14 μL. It enables splitting of droplet, precise dispensing (minimum of ~3.2 nL) and release (minimum of ~30.2 nL) of daughter droplets. The combination of magnetically controlled rotation and photothermal properties further endows the robot with the ability to stir and heat droplets remotely. Finally, the application of the robot in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is explored. The extraction and purification of nucleic acids can be successfully achieved.
Quantifying thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration
Authors: Alster Charlotte J. , van de Laar Allycia , Goodrich Jordan P. , Arcus Vickery L. , Deslippe Julie R. , Marshall Alexis J. , Schipper Louis A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantifying the rate of thermal adaptation of soil microbial respiration is essential in determining potential for carbon cycle feedbacks under a warming climate. Uncertainty surrounding this topic stems in part from persistent methodological issues and difficulties isolating the interacting effects of changes in microbial community responses from changes in soil carbon availability. Here, we constructed a series of temperature response curves of microbial respiration (given unlimited substrate) using soils sampled from around New Zealand, including from a natural geothermal gradient, as a proxy for global warming. We estimated the temperature optima ($${T}_{{opt}}$$

T

o
p
t

) and inflection point ($${T}_{\inf }$$

T

inf

) of each curve and found that adaptation of microbial respiration occurred at a rate of 0.29 °C ± 0.04 1SE for $${T}_{{opt}}$$

T

o
p
t

and 0.27 °C ± 0.05 1SE for $${T}_{\inf }$$

T

inf

per degree of warming. Our results bolster previous findings indicating thermal adaptation is demonstrably offset from warming, and may help quantifying the potential for both limitation and acceleration of soil C losses depending on specific soil temperatures.
Exosomal circEZH2_005, an intestinal injury biomarker, alleviates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury by mediating Gprc5a signaling
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Zhou Bowei , Yang Xiao , Zhao Jin , Hu Jingjuan , Ding Yuqi , Zhan Shuteng , Yang Yifeng , Chen Jun , Zhang Fu , Zhao Bingcheng , Deng Fan , Lin Zebin , Sun Qishun , Zhang Fangling , Yao Zhiwen , Liu Weifeng , Li Cai , Liu Ke-Xuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a severe clinical condition without optimal diagnostic markers nor clear molecular etiological insights. Plasma exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) are valuable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various diseases, but their role in intestinal I/R injury remains unknown. Here we screen the expression profile of circRNAs in intestinal tissue exosomes collected from intestinal I/R mice and identify circEZH2_005 as a significantly downregulated exosomal circRNA. In parallel, circEZH2_005 is also reduced in the plasma of clinical cardiac surgery patients who developed postoperative intestinal I/R injury. Exosomal circEZH2_005 displays a significant diagnostic value for intestinal injury induced by I/R. Mechanistically, circEZH2_005 is highly expressed in intestinal crypt cells. CircEZH2_005 upregulation promotes the proliferation of Lgr5+ stem cells by direct interaction with hnRNPA1, and enhanced Gprc5a stability, thereby alleviating I/R-induced intestinal mucosal damage. Hence, exosomal circEZH2_005 may serve as a biomarker for intestinal I/R injury and targeting the circEZH2_005/hnRNPA1/Gprc5a axis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for intestinal I/R injury.
Optogenetic engineering of STING signaling allows remote immunomodulation to enhance cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Dou Yaling , Chen Rui , Liu Siyao , Lee Yi-Tsang , Jing Ji , Liu Xiaoxuan , Ke Yuepeng , Wang Rui , Zhou Yubin , Huang Yun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe cGAS-STING signaling pathway has emerged as a promising target for immunotherapy development. Here, we introduce a light-sensitive optogenetic device for control of the cGAS/STING signaling to conditionally modulate innate immunity, called ‘light-inducible SMOC-like repeats’ (LiSmore). We demonstrate that photo-activated LiSmore boosts dendritic cell (DC) maturation and antigen presentation with high spatiotemporal precision. This non-invasive approach photo-sensitizes cytotoxic T lymphocytes to engage tumor antigens, leading to a sustained antitumor immune response. When combined with an immune checkpoint blocker (ICB), LiSmore improves antitumor efficacy in an immunosuppressive lung cancer model that is otherwise unresponsive to conventional ICB treatment. Additionally, LiSmore exhibits an abscopal effect by effectively suppressing tumor growth in a distal site in a bilateral mouse model of melanoma. Collectively, our findings establish the potential of targeted optogenetic activation of the STING signaling pathway for remote immunomodulation in mice.
Tailored photoenzymatic systems for selective reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds fueled by light
Authors: Luján Alejandro Prats , Bhat Mohammad Faizan , Tsaturyan Sona , van Merkerk Ronald , Fu Haigen , Poelarends Gerrit J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe selective enzymatic reduction of nitroaliphatic and nitroaromatic compounds to aliphatic amines and amino-, azoxy- and azo-aromatics, respectively, remains a persisting challenge for biocatalysis. Here we demonstrate the light-powered, selective photoenzymatic synthesis of aliphatic amines and amino-, azoxy- and azo-aromatics from the corresponding nitro compounds. The nitroreductase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in synergy with a photocatalytic system based on chlorophyll, promotes selective conversions of electronically-diverse nitroarenes into a series of aromatic amino, azoxy and azo products with excellent yield (up to 97%). The exploitation of an alternative nitroreductase from Enterobacter cloacae enables the tailoring of a photoenzymatic system for the challenging synthesis of aliphatic amines from nitroalkenes and nitroalkanes (up to 90% yield). This photoenzymatic reduction overcomes the competing bio-Nef reaction, typically hindering the complete enzymatic reduction of nitroaliphatics. The results highlight the usefulness of nitroreductases to create selective photoenzymatic systems for the synthesis of precious chemicals, and the effectiveness of chlorophyll as an innocuous photocatalyst, enabling the use of sunlight to drive the photobiocatalytic reactions.