bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wet Milling of Alginate Alco‐ and Hydrogel Composites: A Facile Top‐Down Approach for Continuous Production of Aerogel Microparticles
Authors: Schroeter Baldur , Jeansathawong Parnpailin , Hajnal Anja , Gurikov Pavel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMoving toward high‐throughput production of biopolymer aerogel microparticles, in this work, the wet milling process is applied to hydrogels and alcogels. Alcogels are then converted into aerogels by well‐established supercritical drying. Alginate and hybrid alginate/silica gels are used as a model system. As the Young's moduli of hydrogels significantly change when water is exchanged by ethanol, it is possible to study the effect of the gel stiffness on macroscopic and microstructural properties of the resulting aerogels. Influence of process parameters (milling speed and gap size) is also investigated. Smallest particles sizes and minimal changes in microstructure are obtained for completely solvent exchanged gels. The wet milling is shown to be a versatile method to obtain aerogel particles with diameters in the range 50–300 µm.
The influence of nonprofit financing and operations on the acquisition of unrestricted and restricted donations
Authors: Prentice Christopher R. , Clerkin Richard M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLiterature examining the impact of nonprofit financing and operational characteristics on donations is replete with studies that yield mixed and/or contradictory results. Contributing to this dearth of clarity are the limitations of relying on IRS Form 990 information as the primary data for this scholarship. Unlike audited financial statements or other types of financial reporting, Form 990 data do not discriminate between restricted and unrestricted donations. We address these limitations by exploring an underutilized database in the nonprofit literature that focuses on institutions of higher education to parse restricted and unrestricted donations. Results indicate that several financing and operational variables have disparate impacts on restricted and unrestricted donations, both absolutely and in relation to one another. Specifically, the proportion of revenue from government, leverage, age, and whether the university has a hospital or is a seminary show different relationships with total donations than they do with restricted and unrestricted donations separately. We also find that fundraising, program services revenue, prior year's donations, leverage, and whether the university has a hospital or is a seminary impacts the ratio of restricted to unrestricted donations. Literature that only looks at these factors on total donations is failing to capture whether nonprofit managers pursue different donative revenue streams and the extent to which donors reward them. This research note offers an initial examination of the nuance in the different types of donative returns in one dataset, and serves as a call to other scholars to look beyond Form 990 data for this scholarship.
Enhancement of piezoelectric β‐polymorph formation and properties of graphene oxide and PZT‐incorporated in PVDF‐HFP matrix for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Labihi Salesabil , Chakhchaoui Nabil , Eddiai Adil , El Achaby Mounir , Meddad Mounir , Cherkaoui Omar , Mazroui M'hammed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents and compares films made using the solution casting method with a mixture of poly (vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP), graphene oxide (GO), and lead zirconate titanate (PZT). The Hummers' method synthesized GO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile testing were realized. The developed composite films were found to have a coherent distribution of PZT and GO in PVDF‐HFP. After that, a gradual improvement, such as an increase in the quantity of β phase, produces high piezoelectric performance. Also, the PVDF‐HFP polymer's thermal stability improved. When 0.1 wt% of PZT/GO was added, the melting temperature increased from 140 to 143°C, and the crystallization temperature from 109 to 113°C. PVDF‐HFP elastic modulus and tensile strength were also considerably reduced as PZT/GO increased. As a result, this has enabled us to develop composite films with important properties that can be used as piezoelectric materials for energy harvesting.
Effects of high‐temperature optimization and resin coating treatment on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of natural kenaf fiber‐filled engineering plastic composites
Authors: Owen Macaulay M. , Achukwu Emmanuel O. , Shuib Solehuddin Bin , Ahmad Zafir Romli , Abdullah Abdul Halim , Ishiaku Umaru S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, kenaf natural fibers were coated with acetone‐thinned epoxy resin before compounding with high‐temperature polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Thus, composites of sodium hydroxide treated and epoxy‐resin coated kenaf fibers (KF) reinforced PET (CTKF‐PET) were manufactured using extrusion and compression molding techniques at an optimized 10 wt% constant fiber loading and processing temperatures of 240, 250, and 260°C, and were characterized for mechanical, thermal, and morphological performances. The obtained results showed an optimum processing temperature of 240°C with maximum mechanical and thermal properties with good interfaces between the coated fillers and the matrix, compared to those obtained at 250 and 260°C. Thermogravimetric analysis recorded maximum onset degradation and decomposition temperatures of 338.9 and 381°C with 9.5% and 13% improvements respectively after resin coating which positively impacted the constituent coated composites compared to the uncoated KF. Differential scanning calorimetry glass transition (Tg) and melting temperatures (Tm) for the CKF‐PET composites was maximum at 119.0 and 262.8°C with 2.18% and 2.8% improvements respectively compared to uncoated composites. The overall properties of all coated kenaf‐reinforced PET (CKF‐PET) and coated‐treated (CTKF‐PET) composites were higher with improved morphological properties irrespective of the processing temperature compared to the raw kenaf (KF‐PET) composites. Hence, natural fibers can be treated with resin coating to improve the thermal stabilities of natural fiber engineering plastic composites, and the interfacial adhesion between the coated‐KF and the engineering plastic matrix. The resultant composites are suitable for high‐temperature engineering applications such as the automotive and construction industries.
Antimicrobial finishing of polypropylene fabric using bioactive nanogels
Authors: Verma Chetna , Somani Manali , Rajput Vishav , Bhan Surya , Nonglang Flavius Phrangsngi , Lyngdoh Antonia , Rymbai Ridashisha , Gupta Bhuvanesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial polypropylene (PP) was developed by plasma functionalization and subsequent immobilization of chitosan (CS)‐chlorhexidine (CHX) nanogels as the bioactive component. Oxygen plasma was used to create a hydrophilic surface monitored by water drop interaction with the fabric surface. CS nanogels were prepared by the ionic gelation method. The characterization of the nanogels was carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX). The functionalized fabric exhibited excellent antimicrobial nature against S. aureus and E. coli microbes. The animal studies involving mice showed that the material exhibited excellent biocompatibility in contact with the skin. There was no evidence of inflammatory cells in the histopathology. This investigation suggests that the fabric has enormous potential as infection‐resistant material in applications such as wet wipes.
Impact of Aeolus wind lidar observations on the representation of the West African monsoon circulation in the ECMWF and DWD forecasting systems
Authors: Borne Maurus , Knippertz Peter , Weissmann Martin , Martin Anne , Rennie Michael , Cress Alexander 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAeolus is the first satellite mission to acquire vertical profiles of horizontal line‐of‐sight winds globally and thus fills an important gap in the Global Observing System, most notably in the Tropics. This study explores the impact of this dataset on analyses and forecasts from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), focusing specifically on the West African Monsoon (WAM) circulation during the boreal summers of 2019 and 2020. The WAM is notoriously challenging to forecast and is characterized by prominent and robust large‐scale circulation features such as the African Easterly Jet North (AEJ‐North) and Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ). Assimilating Aeolus generally improves the prediction of zonal winds in both forecasting systems, especially for lead times above 24 h. These improvements are related to systematic differences in the representation of the two jets, with the AEJ‐North weakened at its southern flank in the western Sahel in the ECMWF analysis, while no obvious systematic differences are seen in the DWD analysis. In addition, the TEJ core is weakened in the ECMWF analysis and strengthened on its southern edge in the DWD analysis. The regions where the influence of Aeolus on the analysis is greatest correspond to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) region for ECMWF and generally the upper troposphere for DWD. In addition, we show the presence of an altitude‐ and orbit‐dependent bias in the Rayleigh‐clear channel, which causes the zonal winds to speed up and slow down diurnally. Applying a temperature‐dependent bias correction to this channel contributes to a more accurate representation of the diurnal cycle and improved prediction of the WAM winds. These improvements are encouraging for future investigations of the influence of Aeolus data on African Easterly Waves and associated Mesoscale Convective Systems.
Carboxylate‐ and Sulfonate‐Containing Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Rings: Synthesis, Characterization, and Carbonic Anhydrase I–II and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Properties
Authors: Tokalı Feyzi Sinan , Alım Zuhal , Yırtıcı Ümit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractQuinazolines are a group of bioactive heterocyclic compounds with a wide range of biological activities and have gained an important place in the design of active drugs with various targets due to their pharmacological properties. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are very important pharmacologically. In this study, inhibition effects of newly synthesized quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives on human erythrocyte CA‐I (hCA‐I) and CA‐II (hCA‐II) isoenzyme and AChE activity were investigated. The structures of the novel compounds were characterized by fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). All molecules showed strong inhibitory effect in all three enzymes. 4‐[(4‐Oxo‐2‐(phenoxymethyl)quinazolin‐3(4H)‐ylimino)methyl]phenyl furan‐2‐carboxylate for hCA‐I (IC50: 205 nM), 4‐[(4‐oxo‐2‐(phenoxymethyl)quinazolin‐3(4H)‐ylimino)methyl]phenyl isobutyrate for hCA‐II (IC50: 209 nM), and 4‐[(4‐oxo‐2‐(phenoxymethyl)quinazolin‐3(4H)‐ylimino)methyl]phenyl propionate for AChE (IC50: 14.2 nM) were the molecules that showed the strongest inhibitory effect. Molecular docking studies were carried out to elucidate the possible interaction mechanism of the molecules in the active site of the enzymes. The affinity scores of the most active compounds for hCA‐I, hCA‐II, and AChE were determined as −134.765, −147.423, and −175.354 MolDock Score, respectively.
Biomimetic Photocatalytic System Designed by Spatially Separated Cocatalysts on Z‐scheme Heterojunction with Identified Charge‐transfer Processes for Boosting Removal of U(VI)
Authors: Dong Zhimin , Hu Shuxian , Li Zifan , Xu Jinhao , Gao Donglin , Yu Fengtao , Li Xiaoyan , Cao Xiaohong , Wang Youqun , Zhang Zhibin , Liu Yunhai , Wang Xiangke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDesigning highly efficient photocatalysts with rapid migration of photogenerated charges and surface reaction kinetics for the photocatalytic removal of uranium (U(VI)) from uranium mine wastewater remains a significant challenge. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, a biomimetic photocatalytic system is assembled by designing a novel hollow nanosphere MnOx@TiO2@CdS@Au (MTCA) with loading MnOx and Au nano particles (Au NPs) cocatalysts on the inner and outer surfaces of the TiO2@CdS. The spatially separated cocatalysts efficiently drive the photogenerated charges to migrate in opposite directions, while the Z‐scheme heterogeneous shell further separates the interfacial charges. Theoretical calculation identifies multiple consecutive forward charge transfers without charge recombination within MTCA. Thus, MTCA could efficiently remove 99.61% of U(VI) after 15 min of simulated sunlight irradiation within 3 mmol L−1 NaHCO3 with 0.231 min−1 of the reduction rate constant, outperforming most previously reported photocatalysts. MTCA further significantly removes 91.83% of U(VI) from the natural uranium mining wastewater under sunlight irradiation. This study provides a novel approach to designing an ideal biomimetic photocatalyst for remediating environmental pollution.
Dynamic polymeric materials based on reversible B–O bonds with dative boron–nitrogen coordination
Authors: Zhao Zi‐Han , Li Cheng‐Hui , Zuo Jing‐Lin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo minimize the environmental pollution caused by polymeric waste, materials based dynamic chemistry have attracted extensive attention around the world. Various dynamic covalent bonds or noncovalent interactions have been employed to design multifunctional polymers with recyclability, reprocessablility, and sustainability. Among them, polymers based on reversible boron–oxygen (B–O) bonds have been widely investigated because of their unique properties. Particularly, lots of scientists have demonstrated that the combination with boron–nitrogen (B–N) coordination can effectively accelerate the dynamicity as well as enhance the stability of B–O bonds. Therefore, numerous polymers containing dynamic B–O bonds with dative B–N coordination have been designed and synthesized in recent years. These polymers exhibit excellent versatility and great potential for diverse applications such as biosensors, battery electrolytes, and artificial skins. This review provides an overview of the comprehensive influence of dynamic B–N coordination chemistry on B–O bonds in organoboron species and highlights the developments in the area of constructing boron‐containing polymeric materials with this interesting linkage. The design guidelines, existing challenges, and future perspectives in this burgeoning field are discussed and proposed.
Reconstruction of the alveolar–capillary barrier in vitro based on a photo‐responsive stretchable Janus membrane
Authors: Shao Changmin , Cao Ting , Wang Xiaochen , Fan Qihui , Ye Fangfu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe lung is the respiratory organ of the human body, and the alveoli are the most basic functional units of the lung. Herein, a photo‐responsive stretchable Janus membrane was proposed for the reconstruction of the alveolar–capillary barrier in vitro. This Janus membrane was fabricated by photocrosslinking methylacrylamide gelatin (Gelma) hydrogel and N‐isoacrylamide (NIPAM) hydrogel mixed with graphene oxide (GO). The Gelma hydrogel containing large amounts of collagen provides a natural extracellular matrix environment for cell growth, while the temperature‐sensitive NIPAM hydrogel combined with GO gives the membrane a light‐controlled stretching property. Based on this Janus membrane, an open polydimethylsiloxane chip was established to coculture alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells at the air–liquid interface. It was demonstrated that the alveolar epithelial cells cultured on the upper side of the Janus membrane could express epithelial cell marker protein E‐cadherin and secrete alveolar surfactant. In addition, VE‐cadherin, an endothelium‐specific protein located at the junction between endothelial cells, was also detected in vascular endothelial cells cultured on the underside of Janus membrane. The constructed lung tissue model with the dynamically stretchable Janus membrane is well‐suited for COVID‐19 infection studies and drug testing.
Phylogenetic position of Bohemiacinctus gen. nov. (Echinodermata, Cincta) from the Cambrian of Bohemia: implications for macroevolution and the role of taxon sampling in palaeobiological systematics
Authors: Zamora Samuel , Wright David F. , Nohejlová Martina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract‘Asturicystis’ havliceki Fatka & Kordule from the middle Cambrian of Bohemia (Czech Republic) is re‐described based on its type material. Several features, including the extension of the food grooves and presence of ventral swellings suggest that ‘A.’ havliceki does not belong to Asturicystis, and is placed in the new genus Bohemiacinctus. To ascertain the phylogenetic position of Bohemiacinctus havliceki, we conducted Bayesian fossil tip‐dating and parsimony‐based phylogenetic analyses of 24 species spanning all major groups of cinctan higher taxa. Results show a high degree of congruence between tree topologies recovered by both tip‐dated and parsimony‐based analyses. Both methods indicate B. havliceki is phylogenetically distant from Asturicystis and is most likely to be an early representative of the family Sucocystidae. Overall, our phylogeny is broadly similar to previous estimates of cinctan relationships, including a more conventional phylogenetic position of controversial taxa such as Protocinctus. These results point to the sensitivity of small clades such as cinctans to taxon sampling effects, and highlights the importance of taxonomy and accurate morphological character descriptions in phylogenetic analyses of fossil taxa.
Benefits of cyanoacrylate mesh closure following exploratory laparotomy in horses
Authors: Terschuur Janine Astrid , Coomer Richard P. C. , Handel Ian , Pressanto Maria Chiara , McKane Shaun A. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundSkin closure of laparotomy incisions using topical 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate (2‐OCA) mesh provides a secure bactericidal barrier in humans, which may reduce the risk of postoperative incisional complications. However, the benefits of using this mesh have not been objectively assessed in horses.MethodsFrom 2009 to 2020, three methods of skin closure were used following laparotomy for acute colic, including metallic staples (MS), suture (ST) and cyanoacrylate mesh (DP). The closure method was not randomised. Owners were contacted 3 months or more after the surgery to record any postoperative complications that occurred. For each method of closure, the rates of surgical site infection (SSI) and herniation were recorded, as well as surgical time and treatment costs, including those for incisional complications. Chi‐square testing and logistic regression modelling were used to assess differences between the groups.ResultsA total of 110 horses were recruited (45 in the DP group, 49 in the MS group and 16 in the ST group) The overall rate of SSI was 15.5%, with rates of 8.9%, 18.4% and 25% for the DP, MS and ST groups, respectively (p= 0.23). In addition, incisional hernias developed in 21.8% of cases, with 8.9%, 34.7% and 18.8% of horses in the DP, MS and ST groups, respectively, being affected (p= 0.009). The median total treatment cost did not differ significantly between groups (p= 0.47).LimitationThis was a retrospective study with non‐randomised choice of closure method.ConclusionsNo significant differences in the rate of SSI or overall cost wwere demonstrated between treatment groups. However, MS was associated with a higher rate of hernia formation than DP or ST. Despite increased capital cost, 2‐OCA proved to be a safe skin closure method in horses and was no more expensive than DP or ST by the time visits to remove sutures/staples and treat infections were factored in.
Business Models for Sustainability
Authors: Knudson Haley 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe concept of business models for sustainability (BMfS) has attracted research attention in the fields of corporate sustainability, entrepreneurship and management. BMfS are a way of linking sustainable innovation to an organization’s business model, and as a means for management to operationalize sustainable activities and strategies across an organization’s value chain. This chapter provides the history and description of BMfS as both a tool and conceptual logic that divides activities into three components – value proposition, value creation and delivery, and value capture. Practitioner tools are introduced, along with a brief conceptual overview.
CapSEM Applied to the Construction Sector
Authors: Sparrevik Magnus , de Boer Luitzen , Michelsen Ottar , Skaar Christofer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe construction sector and built environment have the potential to impact on a variety of systemic dimensions, ranging from specific processes in the production of construction materials to pan-national regulations affecting regional areas and cities. This case study uses the CapSEM Model in order to identify the potential enabling and constraining impact of different methods, schemes and regulations for reducing environmental impact in the construction sector. The use of a systemic perspective highlights that all methodologies are working recursively in actor-networks, thereby affecting society and the market differently, depending on the systemic level.
Environmental Management at Fiskerstrand Verft AS: A 30 Year Journey
Authors: Fiskerstrand Rolf , Fet Annik Magerholm 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFiskerstrand Verft is a multipurpose shipyard with extensive expertise and activities in shipbuilding, maintenance, repair and conversion/modification of ships. The yard is exposed to a range of different environmental challenges related to its business which trigged the yard to develop and implement health and safety, and environmental management systems. This chapter gives an overview of environmental management at Fiskerstrand Verft over a 30-year period, written from the perspective of the first author as CEO. The activities from 1991–94 mainly considered Level 1 in the CapSEM Model with annual accounting of materials and wastes, emissions to air and discharges to ocean. The yard participated in various R & D environmental projects and during the period 1994–99 these were extended with activities corresponding to life cycle thinking according to Levels 2 and 3. In 1999, Fiskerstrand Verft was the first Norwegian shipyard that prepared and published an environmental report. The yard was certified as an environmental lighthouse company in 2000, the first in Norway. During the period 2004–2008, the yard further developed their systems and began to transition to Level 4. The life cycle perspective for ships and technology has been at the center of the development of green technologies for ships. This journey continues today, passing the 30 year mark, and has contributed invaluable knowledge about the CapSEM toolbox and how it can be applied to shipyard operations.
Building Decision Support Systems for Sustainable Transitions
Authors: Aspen Dina Margrethe , Hellevik Christina Carrozzo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeveloping decision support systems for sustainable transitions at the societal level is a complex undertaking due to the high number of stakeholders involved, the urgency of problems that needs to be addressed, and the uncertainty of information linked to decisions. A mismatch between the technological tools offered for decision support and the real needs of practitioners and society at large has been observed. In order to address these challenges, several approaches are explored under the theoretical framework of post-normal science, including co-creative developmental design, soft systems thinking and models for technology integration.