bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striking erythroid multinuclearity in a case of pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia related changes – a case report with diagnosis revisited in the light of previous vs updated classifications !
Authors: Javed Omer , Khan Hamza , Aali Anila , Ahmad Khubaib , Meraj Fatima 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) having dysplastic changes is categorized in World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors 2017 as Acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC). It is a high-risk disease of adult population having poor patient outcomes. It is rarely seen in pediatric population. Labelling such a diagnosis in a pediatric patient is a challenge which is dealt with correlation between clinical presentation, morphological dysplasia and cytogenetic/molecular abnormalities. The new updated classifications of hematolymphoid neoplasms have modified this entity and refined it.
Case presentation:
Here we present an interesting case of an 11-year-old male child, who presented to us with fever and lymphadenopathy. Bone marrow biopsy performed revealed > 20% myeloblasts and > 50% dysplasia in erythroid precursors and megakaryocytes. The most interesting finding of the case was bizarre erythroid dysplasia. The case was concluded as AML-MRC as per WHO Classification 2017. The case is revisited in the light of the new updated classifications and key learning points are discussed in detail with review of literature.
Conclusions
In the light of revised World Health Organization (WHO) Classification 2022 and the new International Consensus Classification (ICC) 2022, this case could be either AML with myelodysplasia related gene mutations or AML with myelodysplasia related cytogenetic abnormalities. The present case highlight spectrum of dysplasia in AMLs and show that such cases could be seen in pediatric population as well.
Konjac flour-mediated gut microbiota alleviates insulin resistance and improves placental angiogenesis of obese sows
Authors: Wu Deyuan , Xiong Wenyu , Ma Shuo , Luo Jinxi , Ye Hongxuan , Huang Shuangbo , Li Fuyong , Xiang Xi’en , Chen Qiling , Gao Binghui , Deng Jinping , Yin Yulong , Tan Chengquan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Our previous study revealed that dietary konjac flour (KF) could remodel gut microbiota and improve reproductive performance of sows, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This experiment aimed to investigate how dietary KF improves reproductive performance of obese sows. Here, 60 sows were assigned into three groups according to their backfat thickness: normal backfat sows fed with control diet (CON-N), high backfat sows fed with control diet (CON-H) and high backfat sows fed with KF inclusion diet (KF-H). The characteristics of sows and piglets were recorded. Next, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed on female mice, followed by recording the characteristics of female mice. The results showed that compared with CON-H group, KF-H group showed downtrend in stillbirth rate (P = 0.07), an increase in placental efficiency (P < 0.01) and average piglet weight (P < 0.01); coupled with a decrease in the values of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (P < 0.01); as well as an increase in placental vascular density and protein expression of angiogenesis markers (P < 0.01). As expected, sows fed KF diets had improved abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. More importantly, compared with CON-H(FMT) group, KF-H(FMT) group showed improvement in reproductive performance and insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05), as well as an increase in placental labyrinth zone and protein expression of angiogenesis markers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found a content increase (P < 0.05) of SCFAs in both KF-H group sow and KF-H(FMT) group mice. Overall, KF supplementation could alleviate insulin resistance, promote placental angiogenesis, and ultimately improve the reproductive performance of sows via gut microbiota remodeling.
Plasmid dispersal and recombination across human gut microbiomes is neutral, but overpowered by inflammatory diseases
Authors: Mizrahi Itzhak , Zorea Alvah , Pellow David , Levin Liron , Pilosof Shai , Friedman Jonathan , Shamir Ron 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Plasmids are pivotal in driving bacterial evolution through horizontal gene transfer. Here, we investigated 3,467 human gut microbiome samples across continents and disease states, analyzing 11,086 plasmids. Our analyses reveal that plasmid dispersal is predominantly stochastic, indicating neutral processes as the primary driver of their wide distribution. We find that only 20-25% of plasmid DNA is being selected in various disease states, in ways that constrain its distribution across hosts. Selective pressures shape specific plasmid segments with distinct ecological functions, influenced by plasmid mobilization lifestyle, antibiotic usage, and inflammatory gut diseases. Notably, these elements are more commonly shared within groups of individuals with similar health conditions, such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), regardless of geographic location across continents. These segments contain crucial genes for bacterial hosts beyond antibiotic resistance, including iron transport mechanisms, a significant gut signature of IBD that impacts inflammation severity. Our findings shed light on mechanisms driving plasmid dispersal and selection in the human gut, highlighting their role as carriers of vital gene pools impacting bacterial hosts and ecosystem dynamics.
Application of intranasal dexmedetomidine in magnetic resonance imaging of preterm infants: the ED50, efficacy and safety analysis
Authors: Wan Shengjun , Bu Wenhao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Infants undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often require pharmacological sedation. Dexmedetomidine serves as a novel sedative agent that induces a unique unconsciousness similar to natural sleep, and therefore has currently been used as the first choice for sedation in infants and young children.
Objective
To determine the 50% effective dose (ED50) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of intranasal dexmedetomidine for MRI in preterm and term infants, and to observe the incidence of adverse events. To explore whether there were differences between the two groups, so as to provide guidance for clinical safe medication for the meanwhile.
Methods
A total of 68 infants were prospectively recruited for MRI examination under drug sedation (postconceptional age <60 weeks or weight <5kg). The children were divided into two groups according to whether they had preterm birth experience (Preterm group, Atterm group). The Dixon’s up-and-down method was used to explore ED50. The basic vital signs of the two groups were recorded, and the heart rate and SpO2 were recorded every 5 minutes until the infants were discharged from the hospital. The induction time, wake-up time and adverse events were recorded.
Results
The ED50 (95%CI) of intranasal dexmedetomidine in the Preterm group and the Atterm group were 2.23 (2.03-2.66) μg/kg and 2.64 (2.49-2.83) μg/kg, respectively (p<0.05). the wake-up time was longer in Preterm group (98.00min) than in Atterm group (81.00min) (p<0.05), the incidence of bradycardia in Preterm group was 3/33, which was higher than that in Atterm group (1/35). There was no difference in the induction time between the two groups（p>0.05）, and there was no significant difference in other adverse events.
Conclusions
Intranasal dexmedetomidine can be safely used for sedation in preterm infants undergoing MRI. Compared with term infants, the preterm infants have a lower dose of dexmedetomidine, a higher incidence of bradycardia, and a longer weak-up time.
P300 Regulates Histone Crotonylation and Preimplantation Embryo Development
Authors: Sun Qing-Yuan , Gao Di , Li Chao , Liu Shao Yuan , Lin Xiao Ting , Tan Yong Peng , Gao Fu Min , Yi Li Tao , Zhang Jian V , Ma Jun Yu , Meng Tie-Gang , Yeung William Shu Biu , Liu Kui , Ou Xiang Hong , Su Ruibao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Histone lysine crotonylation, an evolutionarily conserved modification differing from acetylation, exerts pivotal control over diverse biological processes. Among these are gene transcriptional regulation, spermatogenesis, and cell cycle processes. However, the dynamic changes and functions of histone crotonylation in preimplantation embryonic development in mammals remain unclear. Here, we showed that the transcription coactivator P300 functioned as a writer of histone crotonylation during embryonic development. Depletion of P300 resulted in significant developmental defects and dysregulation of the transcriptome of embryos. Importantly, we demonstrated that P300 catalyzes the crotonylation of histone, directly stimulating transcription and regulating gene expression, thereby ensuring successful progression of embryo development up to the blastocyst stage. Moreover, the modification of histone H3 lysine 18 crotonylation (H3K18cr) was primarily localized to active promoter regions. This modification served as a distinctive epigenetic indicator of crucial transcriptional regulators, facilitating the activation of gene transcription. Together, our results propose a model wherein P300-mediated histone crotonylation plays a crucial role in regulating the fate of embryonic development.
Karyoptosis mediates cell death and neurodegeneration upon proteotoxic stress
Authors: Casterton Rebecca , Hu Yanling , Martinez-Cotrina Aitana , Barnard Jodi , Anderson Rhys , Janel Sebastien , Solomon Daniel , Lafont Frank , Hirth Frank , De Nicola Gian Felice , Mizielinska Sarah , Fanto Manolis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Lysosomal clearance of proteotoxic stressors through autophagy is an essential process underlying cellular homeostasis. Its failure can lead to cell death1,2, by initiating apoptotic pathways3–11. However, in aging and neurodegenerative diseases apoptosis is insufficient to account for all neuronal death, and different cell death types may also be involved12–14. Here, we identify karyoptosis as a previously unknown form of non-apoptotic cell death. We report that karyoptosis is induced by lysosomal autophagic clearance impairment and proteotoxic stress; develops through nuclear degeneration; shares features with cellular senescence and is regulated by the p38a signalling pathway through direct phosphorylation of the nuclear lamina protein LaminB1. We further demonstrate that karyoptosis affects neurons in in-vitro and in-vivo models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) pathology. Finally, we identify karyoptotic features in post-mortem frontal cortex of FTD and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, suggesting a common pathological signature. Together these findings establish a novel form of cell death directly linked to proteotoxic stress and cellular senescence that is associated with neurodegeneration. Finally, this mechanism provides new therapeutic opportunities in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Effects of combined extreme cold and drought stress on growth, photosynthesis, and physiological characteristics of cool-season grasses
Authors: 李 娟霞 , Bai Xiaoming , Ran Fu , Zhang Caizhong , Yan Yubang , Li Ping , Chen Hui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Abiotic stress is an important factor affecting turf establishment and limiting the sustainability of the turf industry. To alleviate the combined effects of cold and drought prevalent in cold- and drought-prone regions, the selection and introduction of turfgrass germplasm suitable for these conditions are essential for successful turf establishment. Thus, we evaluated the effects of combined extreme cold and drought stress on morphological, photosynthetic, and physiological and biochemical traits in 16 wild annual bluegrass (Poa annua) seedlings. We found that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) among the provenance, combined cold and drought stress, and main interaction factors. The combined cold and drought stress altered the morphological characteristics of the 16 germplasm to varying degrees. Furthermore, The combined cold and drought stress significantly also reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), Chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, however, ac-cumulated Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), relative electrical conductivity (REC), the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro), soluble protein ( SP), soluble sugar (SS), superoxide anion (O2·−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), peroxidase activity (POD), catalase activity (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR). Comprehensive evaluation using PCA (Principal Component Analysis), affiliation function analysis, and clustered heat maps indicated that ‘HZ’ germplasm had better combined cold and drought tolerance, whereas ‘ZQ’ germplasm was more sensitive to combined cold and drought, which was roughly consistent with the order of morphological damage symptoms. It is recommended that ‘HZ’ seeds be used in planting projects under cold-and drought-prone areas, while ‘ZQ’ seeds are more suitable for use under non-cold and water-deficit conditions.
Optical modulation of hole doping via atomically thin fluorine-functionalized graphene endowed transparent and flexible UV-photodetector
Authors: Chen Chia-Yun , Hsiao Po-Hsuan , Lin Kuan-Han , Wu Tsung-Yen , Nguyen Hien , Lin Ming-Fa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Understanding the charge-formation dynamics and current flow of consecutive carbon quantum dot (CQD) layers biased by atomically thin fluorine-functionalized graphene (FF-Gra) as light-driven modulators is manifested. By probing the involved electronic structures and optical transitions, we reveal that the trion population and dynamic phenomena, rather than intuitive photogenerated electron-hole pairs, exhibit as main features of CQD/FF-Gra heterostructures for the modulation of photophysical origin, where the anomalous pathway for coupling out trion state with faster growth configuration than intrinsic exciton-to-trion transition is interpreted by the extrinsic hole doping coupled with exitonic bound states. All these features implicate the outstanding UV-responsive flexible photodetectors with sound optical transparency, attesting external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.68x109%, photoresponsivity of 4.66x106 A/W and detectivity of 2.92x1018 Jones based on such nonintuitive quantum-confined hybrid materials.
Plasma electron acceleration driven by a long-wave-infrared laser
Authors: Downer Michael , Zgadzaj Rafal , Welch James , Cao Yuxuan , Amorim Ligia , Cheng Aiqi , Gaikwad APurva , Iapozzutto P. , Kumar Prabhat , Litvinenko Vladimir N , Petrushina Irina , Samulyak Roman , Vafaei-Najafabadi Navid , Joshi Chan , Zhang Chaojie , Babzien Marcus , Fedurin Mikhail , Kupfer Rotem , Kusche Karl , Palmer Mark , Pogorelsky Igor , Polyanskiy Mikhail , Swinson Christina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Laser-driven plasma accelerators provide tabletop sources of relativistic electron bunches and femtosecond x-ray pulses, but usually require petawatt-class solid-state-laser pulses of wavelength λsub> ≈ 1 μm. Longer-λsub> lasers can potentially accelerate higher-quality bunches, since they require less power to drive larger wakes in less dense plasma. Here, we report on a self-injecting plasma accelerator driven by a long-wave-infrared laser: a chirped-pulse-amplified CO<2sub> laser (λ 10 μm). Through optical scattering experiments, we observed wakes that 4-ps CO<2sub> pulses with < 1/2 terawatt (TW) peak power drove in hydrogen plasma of density down to 1/100 atmosphere via a self-modulation (SM) instability. Shorter, more powerful CO<2sub> pulses drove wakes in plasma down to 1/1000 atmosphere that captured and accelerated plasma electrons to relativistic energy. Collimated quasi-monoenergetic features in the electron output marked the onset of a transition from SM to ″bubble-regime″ acceleration,
portending future higher-quality accelerators driven by yet shorter, more powerful pulses.
A Dioxygen Compatible Electron Donor-Acceptor (EDA) Catalytic System and its Enabled Aerobic Oxygenation
Authors: Jiao Ning , Wei Jialiang , Meng Junhong , Zhang Caifang , Liu Yameng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The photochemical properties of Electron Donor-Acceptor (EDA) complexes present exciting opportunities for synthetic chemistry. However, these strategies often require an inert atmosphere to maintain high efficiency. Herein, we developed a novel EDA complex photocatalytic system through rational design, which overcomes the oxygen-sensitive limitation of traditional EDA photocatalytic systems and enables aerobic oxygenation reactions through dioxygen activation. The mild oxidation system transfers electrons from the donor to the eﬀective catalytic acceptor upon visible light irradiation, which are subsequently captured by molecular oxygen to form the superoxide radical ion, as demonstrated by the specific fluorescent probe, dihydroethidine (DHE). Furthermore, this visible-light mediated oxidative EDA protocol was successfully applied in the aerobic oxygenation of boronic acids. We believe that this photochemical dioxygen activation strategy enabled by EDA complex not only provides a novel and practical approach to aerobic oxygenation but also promotes the design and application of new EDA photocatalysis under ambient conditions.
Shim-free homebuilt 2 T magnet for NMR spectroscopy with sub-ppm resolution and sub-nanomole sensitivity
Authors: Velders Aldrik H , Baas Sander 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is quintessential for molecular characterization and quantification in many research areas. However, a major drawback is the complex and expensive instrumentation, which inhibits a greater use and impact. The required magnet is typically several Tesla strong to allow good sensitivity and adapted with complex shimming systems for sufficient field homogeneity in the standard 0.5 mL sample tubes. Here we show that a home-constructed 2.1 T permanent magnet suffices for NMR spectroscopy with chemical shift resolution and sensitivity that can be tailored to the requirements using home-built microcoils. 1D and 2D, 1H and 19F-NMR spectra are obtained without any shimming of the magnet, with resolution down to 0.3 ppm exploiting a 40 nL microcoil and sub-nanomole detection sensitivity is achieved by light-induced hyperpolarization. The presented paradigm of matching transceiver microcoils to the sweet-spot of home-built magnets allows for a more wide-spread use and democratization of NMR spectroscopy.
EEG Signals Classification related to Visual Objects using Long Short-Term Memory Network and Nonlinear Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Regression
Authors: Ahmadieh Hajar , Gassemi Farnaz , Moradi Mohammad Hasan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

By comprehending how brain activity is encoded and decoded, we can better comprehend how the brain functions. This study presents a method for classifying EEG signals from visual objects that combines an LSTM network with nonlinear interval type-2 fuzzy regression (NIT2FR). Here, ResNet is used to extract features from the images, the LSTM network is used to extract features from the EEG signal, and NIT2FR is used to map the features from the images to the features from the EEG signal. In this paper, type-2 fuzzy logic is utilized to handle this type of uncertainty due to the nonlinearity and noise of the EEG signals, the short sample size of the data, and the varied mental backgrounds of the experiment participants. The Stanford database was used to implement the research technique, and its effectiveness was assessed using the classification accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The LSTM network successfully categorized images using raw EEG data with an accuracy of 55.83%, according to the findings. When compared to classification accuracy obtained with linear type-2, linear and nonlinear type-1 fuzzy, neural network, and polynomial regression, NIT2FR and SVM classifier performed better (68.05%). NIT2FR can therefore perform better in settings with high levels of uncertainty. Additionally, the accuracy outcomes using NIT2FR are 6.03% better than the top outcome of the most recent study that made use of the same dataset. The same process was followed to get the same result for the other performance raters.
Trends of incidence and outcomes of childhood severe malaria in Nigeria: A four-year study from 2019 to 2022.
Authors: Ibrahim Olayinka Rasheed , Alao Michael Abel , Issa Amudalat , Mohammed Bashir , Suleiman Bello Mohammed , Mokuolu Olugbenga Ayodeji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Nigeria ranks highest globally in malaria burden, disproportionately affecting children. This study investigated trends in the incidence and outcomes of 948 children with cases of severe malaria in a tertiary hospital in northwestern Nigeria.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of children with severe malaria between January 1st, 2019 and December 31st, 2022.We extracted relevant data, including socio-demographics, clinical features, as well as hospitalization outcomes (death or discharge), and the trends analyzed over the period.
Results
Of the 8,295 pediatric admissions during the study period, 948 (11.4%) were cases of severe malaria. The trends of severe malaria (incidence) showed a surge of 17.3% in 2020 from 11.4% in 2019 and subsequently declined to 9.9% in 2022 (p < 0.001). There was a decline in the proportion of under-fives with severe malaria from 57.4% observed in 2019 to 54.8% in 2022, p = 0.019). The crude mortality rate was 7.2% (68/948) and rose from 2.3% in 2019 to 10.3% in 2020 and declined to 8.5% in 2022, p = 0.003. The proportion of malaria deaths (from pediatric deaths) increased from 4.6% in 2019 to 17.3% in 2020, and declined to 9.3% in 2022, p = 0.004]. Among under-fives, there was no significant change in the mortality rate [from 3.2% in 2019 to 10.2% in 2020, 6.4% (2021) and 10.3% in 2022, p = 0.104] and the proportion of deaths in under-fives among malaria deaths (from 66.7% in 2019 to 52.9% in 2022, p = 0.653). Among the clinical features, the presence of cerebral malaria and acute kidney injury had the highest case fatality rate (57.1%).
Conclusions
Despite the initial surge in severe malaria cases during the COVID-19 era, there has been an overall progressive decline in childhood severe malaria. However, among those under-fives, the trends in malaria deaths remained unchanged.