bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Nations populations’ perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and myths about prevention and bereavement in stillbirth: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Pollock Danielle , Bailey Helen D. , Munn Zachary , Hasanoff Sabira , Valenzuela Chelsea , Stern Cindy , Price Carrie , Marriott Rhonda , Gliddon Janinne , Lewis Carolyn , Michie Carol , Bowie Muriel , Penny Millie , Reibel Tracy , Warland Jane , Farrant Brad , White Scott W. , Shepherd Carrington C.J. 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
The objective of this review is to investigate First Nations populations’ perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and myths about stillbirth.

Introduction:
First Nations populations experience disproportionate rates of stillbirth compared with non-First Nations populations. There has been a surge of interventions aimed at reducing stillbirth and providing better bereavement care, but these are not necessarily appropriate for First Nations populations. As a first step toward developing appropriate interventions for these populations, this review will examine current perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and myths about stillbirth held by First Nations people from the United States, Canada, Aotearoa/New Zealand, and Australia.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies that include individuals of any age (bereaved or non-bereaved) who identify as belonging to First Nations populations. Eligible studies will include the perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and myths about stillbirth among First Nations populations.

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI methodology for convergent mixed methods systematic reviews. The review is supported by an advisory panel of Aboriginal elders, lived-experience stillbirth researchers, Aboriginal researchers, and clinicians. PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), Indigenous Health InfoNet, Trove, Informit, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be searched for relevant information. Titles and abstracts of potential studies will be screened and examined for eligibility. After critical appraisal, quantitative and qualitative data will be extracted from included studies, with the former “qualitized” and the data undergoing a convergent integrated approach.

Review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42023379627
Standard Tessellation Language-Free Adaptive Slicing Scheme for Additive Manufacturing of Cellular Materials
Authors: Rastegarzadeh Sina , Huang Jida 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In recent years, advances in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have called for a scalable fabrication framework for high-resolution designs. Despite several process-specific handful design approaches, there is a gap to fill between computer-aided design (CAD) and the manufacturing of highly detailed multiscale materials, especially for delicate cellular material design. This gap ought to be filled with an avenue capable of efficiently slicing multiscale intricate designs. Most existing methods depend on the mesh representation, which is time consuming and memory hogging to generate. This article proposes an adaptive direct slicing (mesh-free) pipeline that exploits the function representation (FRep) for hierarchical architected cellular materials design. To explore the capabilities of the presented approach, several sample structures with delicate architectures are fabricated using a stereolithography (SLA) printer. The computational efficiency of the proposed slicing algorithm is studied. Furthermore, the geometry frustration problem brought by the connection of distinct structures between functionally graded unit cells at the microscale level is also investigated.
Sequential Modeling and Knowledge Source Integration for Identifying the Structure of a Bayesian Network for Multistage Process Monitoring and Diagnosis
Authors: Mondal Partha Protim , Ferreira Placid Matthew , Kapoor Shiv Gopal , Bless Patrick N. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As a popular applied artificial intelligence tool, Bayesian networks are increasingly being used to model multistage manufacturing processes for fault diagnosis purposes. However, the major issue limiting the practical adoption of Bayesian networks is the difficulty of learning the network structure for large multistage processes. Traditionally, Bayesian network structures are learned either with the help of domain experts or by utilizing data-driven structure learning algorithms through trial and error. Both approaches have their limitations. On the one hand, the expert-driven approach is costly, time-consuming, cumbersome for large networks, and susceptible to errors in assessing probabilities; on the other hand, data-driven approaches suffer from noise, biases, and inadequacy of training data and often fail to capture the physical causal structure of the data. Therefore, in this article, we propose a Bayesian network structure learning approach where popular manufacturing knowledge sources like the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and hierarchical variable ordering are used as structural priors to guide the data-driven structure learning process. In addition, to introduce modularity and flexibility into the learning process, we present a sequential modeling approach for structure learning so that large multistage networks can be learned stage by stage progressively. Furthermore, through simulation studies, we compare and analyze the performance of the knowledge source–based structurally biased networks in the context of multistage process fault diagnosis.
Numerical Investigation Into the Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow Regime and Heat Transfer Characteristics in a Gravity Heat Pipe
Authors: Lu Peng , Yan Xiaodie , Yang Qinshan , Wei Jian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to reveal the gas–liquid distribution, heat and mass transfer characteristics inside a gravity heat pipe, the bubble behavior and the flow regime transition during the phase-change process were examined by employing a copper-water heat pipe, with the length of 500 mm and Φ22 × 1.5 mm. The results indicate that in the process of phase change, the typical flow regimes of bubble flow, slug flow, and churn flow can be observed in the evaporator, and the presence of bubbles has an obvious disturbance on the flow field. In addition, the discontinuous liquid film plays an important role in the heat transfer mechanism in the condenser, which allows the vapor to contact the wall directly and reduces the heat transfer resistance. The temperature difference between the evaporator and the condenser can be reduced by adjusting the saturation temperature, so as to effectively improve the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe and contribute to the practical engineering design.
Performance Study of Battery Thermal Management System With a Bionic Cooling Plate Based on Leaf Vein Channels of Plantain
Authors: Tang Zhiguo , Sun Ran , Lu Kuan , Cheng Jianping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The microchannel cooling plate is a vital component in an efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) that has been widely used to design battery modules for electric vehicles. In this study, regarding the leaf vein structure of plantain, a novel bionic cooling plate similar to the plantain leaf vein channels was proposed. A three-dimensional mathematical model of BTMS including the bionic cooling plate was established. The effects of the structure type; the reducing angle of the main inlet channel; the number, angle, and width of branch channels; and the inlet mass flowrate of the coolant on the thermal performance of the BTMS were investigated. The results indicated that the cooling plate of single-inlet and double-outlet channels with leaf veins exhibited excellent comprehensive performance. The increase of the reducing angle of the main inlet channel decreased the pressure drop by up to 43.55% but could not improve the temperature uniformity of batteries; the maximum temperature difference of batteries increased by 0.11 °C. A larger number of branch channels and a smaller angle of branch channels can improve the cooling performance of BTMS, while the increase in the width of branch channels significantly decreases the pressure drop. At a coolant inlet mass flowrate of 1 g/s, the BTMS can control the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the batteries at a 3C discharge rate to 31.75 °C and 4.95 °C, respectively, and exhibited excellent temperature uniformity at low pressure drop (669 Pa).
Examining the Talent Selection Determinants of Ultimate Frisbee Players Selected Into a National Youth Team
Authors: Connor Jonathan D. , Berkelmans Daniel , Doma Kenji 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine whether various athletic performances, anthropometric measures, and playing experience differentiate selected and nonselected ultimate Frisbee players trialing to compete in the world championship. Methods: Forty-three Australian male ultimate Frisbee players (age = 21.2 [1.2] y; height = 1.7 [6.8] m; body mass = 69.7 [8.2] kg; playing experience = 3.5 [1.5] y) participated in a 30-m sprint test, single-leg run-up jump approach (both left [JumpLL], and right leg [JumpRL]) and a stationary bilateral vertical jump (JumpBIL), and change-of-direction speed test. Following a selection camp, players were subdivided according to their selection or nonselection into the team. Results: A multivariate analysis of variance revealed that height, 10-m sprint time, acceleration, JumpLL, JumpRL, and JumpBIL were significantly greater for selected players than nonselected players (P < .05). Area under the curve (AUC) was greatest for JumpRL (AUC = 79%; optimal cutoff value of 37.5 cm, sensitivity and specificity values of 77% and 71%, respectively), JumpLL (AUC = 74%; optimal cutoff 38.5 cm, sensitivity and specificity values 77% and 77%, respectively), and JumpBIL (AUC = 78%; optimal cutoff value of 40.5 cm, sensitivity and specificity values 71% and 79%, respectively). The largest AUC (AUC = 81%; 95% CI 0.66–0.97; P = .001) was found when combining the explanatory variables that demonstrated moderate to large effect sizes (ie, height, playing experience, 10-m sprint, acceleration, JumpLL, JumpRL, and JumpBIL), with sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 71%. Conclusion: These athletic performance and anthropometric characteristics differentiating selected and nonselected players may help inform targeted training and player-development strategies.
What Does It Take to Become a Professional Cyclist? A Laboratory-Based Longitudinal Analysis in Competitive Young Riders
Authors: Valenzuela Pedro L. , Alejo Lidia B. , Lucia Alejandro , Barranco-Gil David 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Laboratory-based indicators are commonly used for performance assessment in young cyclists. However, evidence supporting the use of these indicators mostly comes from cross-sectional research, and their validity as predictors of potential future performance remains unclear. We aimed to assess the role of laboratory variables for predicting transition from U23 (under 23 y) to professional category in young cyclists. Methods: Sixty-five U23 male road cyclists (19.6 [1.5] y) were studied. Endurance (maximal graded test and simulated 8-min time trial [TT]), muscle strength/power (squat, lunge, and hip thrust), and body composition (assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) indicators were determined. Participants were subsequently followed and categorized attending to whether they had transitioned (“Pro”) or not (“Non-Pro”) to the professional category during the study period. Results: The median follow-up period was 3 years. Pro cyclists (n = 16) showed significantly higher values than Non-Pro riders (n = 49) for ventilatory thresholds, peak power output, peak oxygen uptake, and TT performance (all P < .05, effect size > 0.69) and lower levels of fat mass and bone mineral content/density (P < .05, effect size > 0.63). However, no significant differences were found for muscle strength/power indicators (P > .05, effect size < 49). The most accurate individual predictor was TT performance (overall predictive value = 76% for a cutoff value of 5.6 W·kg−1). However, some variables that did not reach statistical significance in univariate analyses contributed significantly to a multivariate model (R2 = .79, overall predictive value = 94%). Conclusions: Although different “classic” laboratory-based endurance indicators can predict the potential of reaching the professional category in U23 cyclists, a practical indicator such as 8-minute TT performance showed the highest prediction accuracy.
Cryo-EM structures of African swine fever virus topoisomerase
Authors: Zhao Yan , Kuang Wenhua , An Qiyin , Li Jinyue , Wang Yong , Deng Zengqin 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Type II topoisomerases ubiquitously exist in cellular organisms, where they play an essential role in resolving the topological problems of DNA. The viral type II topoisomerase encoded by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) is critical for viral replication and infection, thus representing an attractive target for antiviral drug development. Here we report two cryo-EM structures of ASFV topoisomerase P1192R in distinct conformations at an overall resolution of 3.16 Å and 3.13 Å, respectively. P1192R assembles as a homodimer with the C-gate formed by the coiled-coil domain adopting a closed or open conformation before reaction, providing the first visual evidence for the dynamic motions of the C-gate of type II topoisomerase. Comparative structural comparisons of eukaryotic homologs and P1192R reveal the unique structural features of P1192R, including the active site configuration, a flexible loop in the TOPRIM domain, an additionally inserted α-helix in the tower domain, and a pin-like structure in the C-terminal coiled-coil domain, which are important for enzyme activity and protein folding. These findings provide important insights into the structure and function of viral topoisomerases and may guide the efficient development of anti-ASFV drugs. Moreover, our study also offers structural evidence to support the scenario of the viral origin of eukaryotic type IIA topoisomerases.

IMPORTANCE
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious virus that causes lethal hemorrhagic diseases known as African swine fever (ASF) with a case fatality rate of 100%. There is an urgent need to develop anti-ASFV drugs. We determine the first high-resolution structures of viral topoisomerase ASFV P1192R in both the closed and open C-gate forms. P1192R shows a similar overall architecture with eukaryotic and prokaryotic type II topoisomerases, which have been successful targets of many antimicrobials and anticancer drugs, with the most similarity to yeast topo II. P1192R also exhibits differences in the details of active site configuration, which are important to enzyme activity. These two structures offer useful structural information for antiviral drug design and provide structural evidence to support that eukaryotic type IIA topoisomerase likely originated from horizontal gene transfer from the virus.
The current state of research on influenza antiviral drug development: drugs in clinical trial and licensed drugs
Authors: Li Yanbai , Huo Shanshan , Yin Zhe , Tian Zuguang , Huang Fang , Liu Peng , Liu Yue , Yu Fei 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Influenza viruses (IVs) threaten global human health due to the high morbidity, infection, and mortality rates. Currently, the influenza drugs recommended by the FDA are oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and baloxavir marboxil. Notably, owing to the high variability of IVs, no drug exists that can effectively treat all types and subtypes of IVs. Moreover, the current trend of drug resistance is likely to continue as the viral genome is constantly mutating. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop drugs related to the treatment of influenza to deal with the next pandemic. Here, we summarized the cutting-edge research in mechanism of action, inhibitory activity, and clinical efficacy of drugs that have been approved and drugs that are still in clinical trials for influenza treatment. We hope this review will provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on influenza antivirals and generate hypotheses for screens and development of new broad-spectrum influenza drugs in the near future.
Genome-wide translational response of
Candida albicans
to fluconazole treatment
Authors: Choudhary Saket , Mundodi Vasanthakrishna , Smith Andrew D. , Kadosh David 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Azoles are commonly used for the treatment of fungal infections, and the ability of human fungal pathogens to rapidly respond to azole treatment is critical for the development of antifungal resistance. While the roles of genetic mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, and transcriptional mechanisms in azole resistance have been well-characterized, very little is known about post-transcriptional and translational mechanisms that drive this process. In addition, most previous genome-wide studies have focused on transcriptional responses to azole treatment and likely serve as inaccurate proxies for changes in protein expression due to extensive post-transcriptional and translational regulation. In this study, we use ribosome profiling to provide the first picture of the global translational response of a major human fungal pathogen,
Candida albicans
, to treatment with fluconazole (Flu), one of the most widely used azole drugs. We identify sets of genes showing significantly altered translational efficiency, including genes associated with a variety of biological processes such as the cell cycle, DNA repair, cell wall/cell membrane biosynthesis, transport, signaling, DNA- and RNA-binding activities, and protein synthesis. We observe both similarities and differences among the most highly represented gene categories (as defined by gene ontology) that are regulated by fluconazole at the translational vs transcriptional levels. Importantly, however, very few genes that are translationally regulated by fluconazole are also controlled transcriptionally under this condition. Our findings suggest that
C. albicans
possesses distinct translational mechanisms that are important for the response to antifungal treatment, which could eventually be targeted by novel antifungal therapies.

IMPORTANCE

Azoles are one of the most commonly used drug classes to treat human fungal pathogens. While point mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, and transcriptional mechanisms that drive azole resistance have been well-characterized, we know very little about the role of translational mechanisms. In this study, we determined the global translational profile of genes that are expressed in the major human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
in response to fluconazole, one of the most widely used azole drugs. We find both similarities and differences among the most highly represented categories of genes regulated by fluconazole at the transcriptional and translational levels. Interestingly, however, many of the specific genes that are regulated by fluconazole at the translational level do not appear to be controlled by transcriptional mechanisms under this condition. Our results suggest that distinct
C. albicans
translational mechanisms control the response to antifungals and could eventually be targeted in the development of new therapies.
Palaeomagnetism of the mid-Cretaceous red beds from the Tethyan Himalaya: direction discrepancy and tectonic implications
Authors: Bian Weiwei , Yang Tianshui , Wang Suo , Peng Wenxiao , Jiao Xianwei , Zhang Shihong , Wu Huaichun , Li Haiyan , Zhao Pan 
Published: August 2023

Understanding the northern extension of Greater India is vital for modelling the India–Asia collision process and the formation of the Tibetan Plateau. We present new palaeomagnetic data from the mid-Cretaceous (
c.
106 Ma) Gyabula Formation red beds in the Tethyan Himalaya. Well-defined high laboratory unblocking temperature component magnetizations were isolated from 19 sites and pass the fold tests, indicating that they are pre-folding magnetizations. The tilt-corrected site-mean direction is
D
s
= 222.9°,
I
s
= +39.4° with

α

95
= 4.2°. The site-mean inclination increases from 39.4° to 45.8° after anisotropy-based inclination shallowing correction. The declination and inclination differ considerably from those of neighbouring sections. This directional discrepancy of the red beds may be attributed to the fact that the sampled section (sites ZB1–11, 40–52) is overturned and to local vertical-axis rotation. The combination of our new and previously published palaeomagnetic data shows that the Tethyan Himalaya was located at 27.5° ± 2.4°S for the sampled area. Our new results, together with the reliable Cretaceous palaeomagnetic data obtained from the Tethyan Himalaya as well as coeval palaeolatitudes expected from the Indian craton, support a smaller Greater India and that the Tethyan Himalaya did not rift from the Indian craton during the mid-Cretaceous.

Supplementary material:
Detrital zircon U–Pb ages data, hysteresis parameters data, palaeomagnetic datasets for the Gyabula Formation, anisotropy of isothermal remanent magnetization data, available latest Jurassic–Early Cretaceous palaeomagnetic results from the Tethyan Himalaya and supplementary figures are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6795683

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonics, landscape and climate change collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/mesozoic-and-cenozoic-tectonics-landscape-and-climate-change
A Year Embedded in the Crypto-NFT Space
Authors: Baquero Carlos 
Published: August 2023

The
Communications
website, https://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
Carlos Baquero investigates cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens.
Do Polygenic Risk Scores Add to Clinical Data in Predicting Pancreatic Cancer? A Scoping Review
Authors: Wang Louise , Grimshaw Alyssa A. , Mezzacappa Catherine , Rahimi Larki Navid , Yang Yu-Xiao , Justice Amy C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background:
Polygenic risk scores (PRS) summarize an individual's germline genetic risk, but it is unclear whether PRS offer independent information for pancreatic cancer risk prediction beyond routine clinical data.

Methods:
We searched 8 databases from database inception to March 10, 2023 to identify studies evaluating the independent performance of pancreatic cancer–specific PRS for pancreatic cancer beyond clinical risk factors.

Results:
Twenty-one studies examined associations between a pancreatic cancer–specific PRS and pancreatic cancer. Seven studies evaluated risk factors beyond age and sex. Three studies evaluated the change in discrimination associated with the addition of PRS to routine risk factors and reported improvements (AUCs: 0.715 to 0.745; AUC 0.791 to 0.830; AUC from 0.694 to 0.711). Limitations to clinical applicability included using source populations younger/healthier than those at risk for pancreatic cancer (n = 10), exclusively of European ancestry (n = 13), or controls without relevant exposures (n = 1).

Conclusions:
While most studies of pancreatic cancer–specific PRS did not evaluate the independent discrimination of PRS for pancreatic cancer beyond routine risk factors, three that did showed improvements in discrimination.

Impact:
For pancreatic cancer PRS to be clinically useful, they must demonstrate substantial improvements in discrimination beyond established risk factors, apply to diverse ancestral populations representative of those at risk for pancreatic cancer, and use appropriate controls.