bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Region‐wide retreats from lower elevations of range‐restricted birds across the Northern Andes
Authors: Medina Wilderson , Huang Ryan M. , Pimm Stuart L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLocal studies show upslope shifts in the distribution of tropical birds in response to warming temperatures. Unanswered is whether these upward shifts occur regionally across many species. We considered a nearly 2000‐km length of the Northern Andes, where deforestation, temperature, and extreme weather events have increased during the past decades. Range‐restricted bird species are particularly vulnerable to such events and occur in exceptionally high numbers in this region. Using abundant crowd‐sourced data from the Cornell Lab of Ornithology database, eBird, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, we documented distributions of nearly 200 such species. We examined whether species shifted their elevational ranges over time by comparing observed versus expected occurrences below a low elevational threshold and above a high elevational threshold for 2 periods: before and after 2005. We predicted fewer observations at lower elevations (those below the threshold) and more at upper elevations (those above the threshold) after 2005. We also tested for deforestation effects at lower elevations within each species’ distribution ranges. We compared relative forest loss with the differences between observed and expected occurrences across the elevational range. Species’ retreats from lower elevations were ubiquitous and involved a 23–40% decline in prevalence at the lowest elevations. Increases at higher elevations were not consistent. The retreats occurred across a broad spectrum of species, from predominantly lowland to predominantly highland. Because deforestation showed no relationship with species retreats, we contend that a warming climate is the most parsimonious explanation for such shifts.
Seeking shelter in times of crisis? unemployment, perceived job insecurity and trade union membership
Authors: Chadi Adrian , Goerke Laszlo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDo trade unions benefit from economic crises by attracting new members among workers concerned about job security? To address this question, we provide a comprehensive empirical investigation based on panel data from Germany, where workers decide individually on their membership. We analyse whether exogenously manipulated perceptions of job insecurity encourage individuals to join a trade union. Firm‐level workforce reductions serve as the first trigger of perceived job insecurity. Regional unemployment rates represent a second source of exogenous variation. Third, we propose a novel identification approach based on plant‐closure‐induced job losses of other workers in the same region. In each case, we exploit the longitudinal nature of the data to analyse the implications of changes in labour market conditions for changes in union membership using an instrumental variable approach. We find consistently that perceived job insecurity, as triggered by labour market turmoil, increases the likelihood of individual union membership. Analysing data on media coverage about downsizing in a complementary investigation, we add further evidence to the notion of trade unions as beneficiaries of labour market crises. Finally, we consider workers who lose their jobs and find no evidence of adverse effects on union membership among those affected directly by unemployment.
True relationship between tricuspid annular motion and velocity displacement components: Potential role in assessing right ventricular decoupling
Authors: López‐Candales Angel , Gunta Satya Preetham , Vallurupalli Srikanth 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough measures of longitudinal displacement of the tricuspid annulus measured by M‐mode as tricuspid annular systolic plane excursion (TAPSE) and systolic velocity by tissue Doppler imaging (TA TDI s) are routinely used for assessment of right ventricular (RV) systolic function; these measures describe different phenomena and should not be used interchangeably.MethodsPreviously published data was used to determine the individual relationship between TAPSE and TA TDI s with increasing pulmonary artery systolic pressures (PASP).ResultsIn this retrospective analysis, 488 patients were divided into 2 groups based on TAPSE (Group 1: <1.8 cm and Group 2: ≥1.8 cm). A robust correlation (R = .79) between TAPSE and TA TDI s noted for the entire population. However, a statistically lower correlation (R = .43) was seen between Group 1 and Group 2 (R = .65; p < .0047). With increasing pulmonary pressures, only PASP (p < .0001) and TA TDI s (p < .0001) discriminated between low and normal TAPSE/PASP values. Suggesting that a TA TDI s/PASP ratio would be most useful than TAPSE/PASP with a specificity of 80%.ConclusionsSignificant differences exist between TAPSE and TA TDI s, particularly at low TAPSE values with increased PASP, were uncoupling occurs. Our data seems to suggest that TA TDI s/PASP would be most useful than TAPSE/PASP ratio. Future studies should address, if abnormalities in the material properties along the RV free wall account for these differences seen between TAPSE and TA TDI s.
Informing youth‐centred opioid agonist treatment: Findings from a retrospective chart review of youths' characteristics and patterns of opioid agonist treatment engagement in a novel integrated youth services program
Authors: McInerney Kelly , Marchand Kirsten , Buckley Jennifer , Gao Chloe , Kestler Andrew , Mathias Steve , Argyle Aubree , Barbic Skye 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimYouth ages 12–24 account for approximately 20% of overdoses and yet are poorly reached by opioid agonist treatment (OAT), the most widely recommended treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). This study contributes to understanding this critical gap by describing youths' patterns of OAT engagement at a novel integrated youth‐specific OAT program.MethodsA retrospective chart review was carried out on electronic medical records of n = 23 youth with OUD accessing a community‐based integrated youth services (IYS) centre. Data abstraction focused on four domains: sociodemographic, social determinants of health, patterns of OAT engagement, and other services utilized.ResultsYouths' mean age was 22.6 years (SD = 2.1), with a mean age of first opioid use of 17.4 (SD = 2.7). Youth reported extensive histories of adverse childhood experiences, concurrent mental and physical health complications, and poly‐substance use. All youth were offered OAT and 83% initiated treatment with buprenorphine/naloxone, methadone, or slow‐release oral morphine. Among those initiating OAT, 42.1% were considered stable on OAT.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first empirical study to describe youths' OAT engagement in an integrated youth‐specific OAT program. Our findings demonstrated that a high proportion of youth with OUD initiated OAT in this novel program with varying degrees of OAT stability. These findings can be used to inform the development and implementation of youth‐specific and integrated OAT. To account for the novelty of this area of study and small sample sizes, future collaborative efforts across IYS initiatives should be considered, including mixed method approaches to understand outcomes and experiences.
There’s an app for that: Modernizing domestic violence support through the creation of new technologies, tools, and services
Authors: Case Nicole 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith domestic violence (DV) at an all‐time high, police departments are drastically underutilizing technology to combat DV. Currently, New York police departments complete a “Domestic Incident Report” at the scene of domestic incidents but fail to adequately facilitate support services. New York State should mandate a services component into police DV protocols, specifically by commissioning: (1) an application linked to DV organizations presented at the scene of domestic incidents; and (2) a gateway application to refer victims to the correct services. Such tools would allow for the rendering of more efficient support to DV victims in times of immediate crisis.
Microstructure and rolling contact fatigue behavior of martensitic nodular cast irons with different graphite sizes and densities
Authors: Bai Jiaojiao , Cao Ziyuan , Xu Haifeng , Wang Cunyu , Chen Xingpin , Cao Wenquan , Zhang Xiaodan , Xu Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMartensitic nodular cast irons (MNCIs) with different graphite sizes and number densities are produced through continuous casting and cyclic heat treatments to refine their microstructures and to obtain a hardness of 60 HRC, and their rolling contact fatigue (RCF) properties, fractography, and subsurface microstructures have been investigated in the present study. RCF tests show that the RCF life is mainly determined by the applied Hertzian stress. Based on the calculation of characteristic parameter size and the analysis of stress concentration factor, it is found that the lower nodularity rate of graphite brings about the larger stress concentration at matrix‐graphite interfaces. This stress concentration induces a debonding of the matrix and graphite, cracks, deformation, and carbon redistribution in a local volume, which results in the formation of a white etching area. The present study indicates that MNCIs are a potential material for lubricant‐free bearings after chemical homogenization, microstructure refinement, and hardness enhancement.
Above and belowground litter decomposition of cover crops grazed at different intensities
Authors: Santos Erick R. S. , Dubeux José C. B. , Mackowiak Cheryl , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Farias Gustavo D. , Homem Bruno G. C. , Jaramillo David M. , Zagato Luana Q. S. D. , Dantas Queiroz Luana M. , Wright David L. , DiLorenzo Nicolas , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGrazing cover crops may increase land‐use efficiency while promoting sustainability. We investigated how grazing intensity affects cover crop litter quantity, quality, decomposition, and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) N uptake. Cover crops were a mixture of rye (Secale cereale L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) managed as follows: no grazing +34 kg N ha−1 (NG34), no grazing +90 kg N ha−1 (NG90), heavy grazing (HG), moderate grazing (MG), and light grazing (LG). Grazed treatments received 90 kg N ha−1. After cover crop termination, above‐ and belowground litter was collected and incubated in situ for 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 days, with cotton plants sampled on the same days to estimate N recovery and synchrony between N release from litter and uptake by cotton. By Day 128, only 13% of initial NG34 aboveground biomass had disappeared, whereas 42% of HG disappeared. Nitrogen retained in aboveground litter of HG was less than NG90 (27 vs. 60 kg N ha−1), and aboveground final N stock (at Day 128) of HG was less than NG90 and LG (16, 47, and 41 kg N ha−1, respectively). Belowground litter contributed 98 kg N ha−1 versus 46 for aboveground. Belowground N disappearance from litter bags was greater from NG90 than NG34 (39 vs. 21 kg N ha−1). Cotton N uptake by Day 128 was similar across treatments (191 kg N ha−1). Grazing cover crops impact aboveground litter quantity, quality, and decomposition rates, and belowground litter plays an important role on the N cycling.
6‐Mercaptopurine potently inhibits recruitment of SHP2 by phosphorylated PD‐1 to inhibit PD‐1 signalling and enhance T cell function
Authors: Liu Lu , Lei Yuxi , Zheng Zongyao , Zhou Xingang , Chen Shuzhen , Zeng Guandi , Yu Lei , Wang Peng , Chen Liang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAntibody inhibitors that block PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction have been approved for oncological clinics, yielding impressive treatment effects. Small molecules inhibiting PD‐1 signalling are at various stages of development, given that small molecular drugs are expected to outperform protein drugs in several ways. Currently, a significant portion of these small molecular inhibitors achieve this purpose by binding to a limited region of the PD‐L1 protein, thereby limiting the choice of chemical structures. Alternative strategies for developing small‐molecular PD‐1 inhibitors are urgently needed to broaden the choice of chemical structures. Here, we report that 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) inhibits PD‐1 signalling, activates T cell function in vitro and in vivo and shrinks tumours by activating cytotoxic T cells. Mechanistically, 6‐MP potently inhibited PD‐1 signalling by blocking the recruitment of SHP2 by PD‐1. Considering that 6‐MP is a chemotherapeutic agent already approved by the FDA for childhood leukaemia, our work revealed a novel anti‐tumour mechanism for this drug and suggests that 6‐MP warrants further clinical evaluation for other tumour types.
Evidence that flatheaded mayflies (Heptageniidae) serve as the likely paratenic host for Chordodes morgani (Nematomorpha) in Nebraska
Authors: Shea John F. , Sniezek Anna , Marchant James 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHairworms (Nematomorpha) have indirect life cycles that require a terrestrial arthropod definitive host and an aquatic arthropod host that serves as a paratenic host, transferring the hairworm from the aquatic to the terrestrial environment. The life cycles for most hairworms remain unknown, especially the paratenic host. The hairworm Chordodes morgani lays its eggs on sticks, which are susceptible to the activity of aquatic insects such as larvae of the flatheaded mayfly (Heptageniidae), which feed by scraping algae and detritus. To test the likelihood that scrapers serve as the paratenic host for C. morgani, we collected sticks and their accompanying invertebrates from three sites near Lincoln, NE. We noted the presence of eggs of C. morgani on each stick, placed them in labeled resealable bags, and examined the invertebrates microscopically for the presence of hairworm cysts. We predicted that scrapers found on sticks with eggs of C. morgani will harbor the highest number of cysts. To confirm that larvae of the flatheaded mayfly serve as the aquatic host, we fed field‐collected specimens to three captive‐reared wood roaches (Parcoblatta pensylvanica). Of the three exposed roaches, one yielded nine individuals of C. morgani 63 days after exposure. Understanding the life cycle of this horsehair worm will allow researchers to rear the species in the lab, which could become a model for parasite research.
Character Strengths Use in Diabetes Self‐management Scale: Development and psychometric testing
Authors: Wang Ruey‐Hsia , Kao Chia‐Chan , Su Yi‐Ching , Chen Shi‐Yu , Hsu Hui‐Chun , Lu Chieh‐Hua , Jone Kuen‐Yung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo develop and psychometrically test Character Strengths Use in Diabetes Self‐management Scale in people with type 2 diabetes.DesignCross‐sectional design.MethodsBased on literature reviews and examination by experts, a 20‐item scale was developed and administered to 350 participants with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled from two endocrine clinics by convenience sampling in Taiwan. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), concurrent and predictive validity as well as reliability were used to examine the psychometric characteristics of the scale. Data were collected from November 2021 to March 2022.ResultsEFA and CFA supported a 12‐item scale with three factors, namely learning proactively, taking on challenges and thinking positively, fit the data well. The total score of the 12‐item scale significantly and positively correlated with diabetes‐specific quality of life, and significantly and negatively correlated with baseline and 9‐month haemoglobin A1c levels. Cronbach's α for overall scale and subscales ranged between .78 and .91.ConclusionThe 12‐item Character Strengths Use in Diabetes Self‐management Scale demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability in people with type 2 diabetes.ImpactNurses could apply this new scale to identify the degree of using character strengths in self‐management in people with type 2 diabetes; accordingly, character strength‐based interventions could be provided to improve self‐management in such patients with diabetes. Furthermore, the 12‐item Character Strengths Use in Diabetes Self‐management Scale has the potential to be used to measure the effectiveness of strength‐based interventions in people with Type 2 diabetes.Patient or Public ContributionFive patients with type 2 diabetes were invited to take the original 20‐item scale to evaluate the clarity, readability and comprehensiveness of the 20 items.
Kindergarten conduct problems are associated with monetized outcomes in adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Goulter Natalie , Hur Yoon S. , Jones Damon E. , Godwin Jennifer , McMahon Robert J. , Dodge Kenneth A. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Lochman John E. , Bates John E. , Pettit Gregory S. , Crowley D. Max 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAcross several sites in the United States, we examined whether kindergarten conduct problems among mostly population‐representative samples of children were associated with increased criminal and related (criminal + lost offender productivity + victim; described as criminal + victim hereafter) costs across adolescence and adulthood, as well as government and medical services costs in adulthood.MethodsParticipants (N = 1,339) were from two multisite longitudinal studies: Fast Track (n = 754) and the Child Development Project (n = 585). Parents and teachers reported on kindergarten conduct problems, administrative and national database records yielded indexes of criminal offending, and participants self‐reported their government and medical service use. Outcomes were assigned costs, and significant associations were adjusted for inflation to determine USD 2020 costs.ResultsA 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $21,934 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $63,998 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, a $12,753 increase in medical services costs, and a $146,279 increase in total costs. In the male sample, a 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $28,530 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $58,872 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, and a $144,140 increase in total costs. In the female sample, a 1SD increase in kindergarten conduct problems was associated with a $15,481 increase in adolescent criminal + victim costs, a $62,916 increase in adult criminal + victim costs, a $24,105 increase in medical services costs, and a $144,823 increase in total costs.ConclusionsThis investigation provides evidence of the long‐term costs associated with early‐starting conduct problems, which is important information that can be used by policymakers to support research and programs investing in a strong start for children.
Mechanism of action of chlormethine gel in mycosis fungoides
Authors: Guenova E. , Ortiz‐Romero P. L. , Poligone B. , Querfeld C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMycosis fungoides (MF), the most common type of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, is characterized by proliferation of malignant skin‐tropic T cells. Progression from early‐stage disease (skin patches and/or plaques) to more advanced stages (cutaneous tumours, erythroderma or extracutaneous involvement) occurs slowly and can be discontinuous. Prognosis is poor for the ~25% of patients who progress to advanced disease. Patients at any stage of MF may experience reduced health‐related quality of life (QoL) via a spectrum of physically and psychologically debilitating symptoms that can impact many aspects of daily life. Allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation is a curative treatment option for some patients with advanced disease, but otherwise there is currently no cure for MF; patients are often refractory to several treatments and require lifelong management. The goals of therapy are symptom control, prevention of disease progression, avoidance of treatment‐related toxicity and maintenance/improvement of QoL. Although treatment regimens exist it can be difficult to know how to prioritize them, hence therapies are tailored according to patient needs and drug availabilities, following clinical recommendations. International consensus guidelines recommend skin‐directed therapies (SDTs) as first‐line treatment for early‐stage disease, and SDTs combined with systemic therapy for advanced stages. Chlormethine (CL), also known as mechlorethamine, chlorethazine, mustine, HN2, caryolysine and embichin, is a synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid‐alkylating agent that was used as a chemical weapon (mustard gas) during the First World War. Subsequent investigation revealed that survivors of mustard gas exposure had lymphocytopenia, and that CL could inhibit rapidly proliferating malignant T cells. CL has since been developed as a topical treatment for MF and prescribed as such for over 70 years. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of CL in the cutaneous micro‐environment, in the specific context of MF treatment.
Exposure to biologic therapy before and during pregnancy in patients with psoriasis: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sánchez‐García V. , Hernández‐Quiles R. , de‐Miguel‐Balsa E. , Giménez‐Richarte Á. , Ramos‐Rincón J. M. , Belinchón‐Romero I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiologicals have transformed the management of severe disease phenotypes in psoriasis and are often prescribed in women of childbearing age. However, information on safety of biologicals in pregnancy are lacking. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to describe the characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in women with psoriasis exposed to biologics within 3 months before or during pregnancy, and to estimate the pooled prevalence of spontaneous, elective and total abortions, and congenital malformations in their newborns. Bibliographic searches were performed in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science databases up to 14 April 2022. No restrictions on sample size or publication date were applied. Review performance complied with PRISMA guidelines, and two reviewers assessed randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies reporting pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to biologics indicated for psoriasis during the pre‐gestational and/or gestational period. Studies focusing on rheumatologic or gastroenterological immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases were excluded. Regardless of data heterogeneity, a random‐effects model was used to pool prevalence estimates. We included 51 observational studies, involving 739 pregnancies exposed to approved biologics for psoriasis. Administration was mostly (70.4%) limited to the first trimester, and the most common drug was ustekinumab (36.0%). The estimated prevalence of miscarriage was 15.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.7–18.0) and elective abortions, 10.8% (95% CI 7.7–14.3). Congenital malformations occurred in about 3.0% (95% CI 1.6–4.8) of live births exposed to biologics during pregnancy. Altogether, exposure to biologics for psoriasis during pregnancy and/or conception does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of miscarriage/abortion or congenital malformations, showing similar rates to the general population. These results suggest that biologic drugs are safe and pose an acceptable risk to the foetuses/neonates.