bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BİREY-ÖRGÜT UYUMUNUN ÖRGÜTSEL VATANDAŞLIK DAVRANIŞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE İŞE YABANCILAŞMANIN ARACI ROLÜ
Authors: BOZDOĞAN Süleyman Cem 
Published: June 2023

Birey-Örgüt Uyumunun Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisinde İşe Yabancılaşmanın Aracı Rolü

Öz
Bu araştırma gıda sektörü çalışanlarının, birey-örgüt uyumu, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ve işe yabancılaşma algıları arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektedir. Bu araştırmanın başlıca amacı, çalışanların birey-örgüt uyumunun örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisini ve bu ilişkide işe yabancılaşmanın aracılık rolünü analiz etmektir. Araştırma ayrıca, çalışanların birey-örgüt uyumunun işe yabancılaşma algısını nasıl etkilediğini ve işe yabancılaşma algısının da örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışını nasıl etkilediğini incelemektedir. Veriler, Osmaniye İli ve ilçelerindeki hizmet sektörü çalışanlarından kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak gönüllülük esasına göre elde edilmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin ölçülmesi amacıyla korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Önerilen ilişkileri test etmek için yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, birey-örgüt uyumunun örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve işe yabancılaşmanın bu ilişkiye aracılık ettiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, birey-örgüt uyumu ile işe yabancılaşma arasında negatif bir etki olduğunu ve işe yabancılaşmanın örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerinde negatif bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: İşe yabancılaşma, Birey-örgüt uyumu, Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı, Aracı
Jel Kodları: D23, M12, M19
BİR DEMİR-ÇELİK İŞLETMESİNDE SICAK HADDELEME SÜRECİNDEKİ İŞLEMLERİN REBA YÖNTEMİ İLE ANALİZİ
Authors: ARSLAN Arda , ÜNVER Muharrem 
Published: June 2023

İşletmelerde uzun süreli sabit pozisyonlarda çalışmak ergonomik olmayan duruşlar ve işlemler için oldukça risklidir. Çalışma ortamı çalışanların en rahat edeceği şekilde tasarlandığı durumda hem verim attıran hem de risk azaltan çeşitli iyileştirmeler yapılabilir. Bu gibi durumlarda duruşlar ergonomik risk analizi yöntemleriyle incelenir, değerlendirilir ve çözüm yolları tartışılır. Değerlendirme sonucu risk seviyeleri gruplandırılır ve önlem seviyelerine göre işletme içinde gerekli değişiklikler uygulanır.
Çalışmanın amacı Karabük Bölgesi’nde bulunan bir demir – çelik işletmesinde işçiler için riskli durumlar ortaya çıkaran eylemleri analiz etmek ve bu durumlara yönelik iyileştirmeler gerçekleştirerek çalışan sağlığını ve verimi en üst düzeye çıkarmaya yöneliktir. Çalışmada sıcak haddeleme sürecinde görev alan üç çalışanın iş duruşları Rapid Entire Body Assesment (REBA) yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Hammaddelerin siparişe göre kesilmesi, kesilen hammaddenin fırına gönderilmesi, hammaddeni haddeleme sürecinden geçerek istenilen ebada gelmesi gibi sürece ait işlemler değerlendirilmiştir. Duruşların REBA skorları 3,6 ve 9 olarak bulunmuştur. Düşük, orta ve yüksek risk seviyesinde olan bu işlemlerin risk seviyesinin düşürülmesi adına tavsiyeler sunulmuştur.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY IN RENOPROTECTION BETWEEN AZILSARTAN AND ENALAPRIL: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Thanaprirax Ployrawee , Nata Naowanit , Supasyndh Ouppatham , Satirapoj Bancha 
Published: June 2023

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) are reported to improve renal outcomes among patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD), but there might be substantial differences in their renoprotective effects. Azilsartan medoxomil is a relatively new available ARB, highly specific angiotensin type 1 receptor and superior in terms of blood pressure reduction, with respect to other ARBs.
Methods: The study employed a randomized controlled trial; hypertensive subjects with albuminuria >30 mg/g creatinine at the outpatient clinic, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand were randomly assigned to azilsartan 40-80 mg/day (n=27) or enalapril 10-40 mg/day (n=23) for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). UACR, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood pressure and serum electrolytes were evaluated at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks.
Results: A total of 50 patients with hypertension and albuminuria were recruited. At the end of treatment, systolic blood pressure level was significantly reduced in the azilsartan group compared with the enalapril group (-12.2 mmHg [95%CI -18.9 to -5.5] vs. -1.1 mmHg [95% -7.8 to 5.7], p=0.021). In addition, at 24 weeks, significantly reduced median UACR was observed in the azilsartan group compared with that of the enalapril group (-59.9 mg/g Cr [95% CI -284.6 to -31.0] vs. -40.4 mg/gCr [95% CI -129.4 to 88.3], p=0.026)). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in hyperkalemia, estimated GFR, acute kidney injury and serious adverse events.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that azilsartan had superior antihypertensive and albuminuric efficacy compared with the standard dose of enalapril without increasing adverse events.
On the Legislation and Integrity of the Electoral Management Bodies in Western Balkans Countries
Authors: Kume Andon , Lireza Linert 
Published: June 2023

The comparative analysis of national legislation related to EMBs (Electoral Managment Bodies) in Western Balkan countries shows that in the process of drafting this legislation, all these countries had as a roadmap the recommendations given by international institutions and CoE for countries that have insufficient experience in the exercise of democracy and the rule of law. These countries have used the independent EMBs model. Political representation is the basic principle implemented in these countries for establishing the EMBs. Efforts for political balancing of EMBs are not identified in all countries and for all levels of EMBs. In the Albanian legislation, this issue is treated in a more complete way than in other countries. In multi-ethnic countries, such as North Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro and BiH, the legislation guarantees the representation in EMBs of ethnic minorities. Referring to the integrity of the EMB, the countries of the Western Balkans are classified in the group of countries with a "moderate" level. To increase the Electoral Integrity Index, these countries must make changes in the legislation related to EMBs and its operation in accordance with the recommendations of international institutions, such as OSCE/ODIHR, CoE, Venice Commission.

Received: 5 January 2023 / Accepted: 20 February 2023 / Published: 20 March 2023
The Beginnings of the Cold War and NATO's Approach to the Balkans
Authors: Iseni Fati , Jakupi Agim 
Published: June 2023

The end of the Second World War, in addition to leaving great economic consequences and a great loss of life, also created a deep division between the Allies. This division will later create problems of different natures in the global aspect. Regardless of the influences, countries tended to side with one of two strong ideo-political blocs though Yugoslavia was also challenged in these dimensions. Its politics initially tended to be closer to the Soviet Union, but soon there would be a split aimed at political independence i.e. outside the influence of the Soviet Union. Undoubtedly, these circumstances also create security risk for Yugoslavia itself, which did not have the strength and readiness to face a military force like the Soviet Union. Yugoslav politics chose a different path, a "silent" cooperation with Western democracies, especially with NATO. In this context, NATO will also have special approach to the policies of Yugoslavia so that it would continue to be as far as possible from any influence of the Soviet Union.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Compensation Scheme of Former Political Prisoners in Albania, as a Matter of Transitional (in) Justice
Authors: Abdurrahmani Bledar 
Published: June 2023

The change of the political and legal system in Albania gave birth to the great hope, not only of the triumph of dignity, but also of the correction of injustices towards former political prisoners. In Albania, from 1991 to 2008, a series of legal measures addressed the issue of former political prisoners. Their purpose was not only to legally consider punishment for crimes of a political nature as unjust, but also to award compensation. But, in the span of 17 years they remained a formal statement on paper, an inadequate legal solution that in very few cases became effective. At the beginning of 2008, with the entry into force of the law on the compensation of former political convicts, an administrative compensation process was sanctioned that offered a reasonable solution in terms of time and amount of compensation. However, the subsequent legal changes recognized the right of the state to carry out a compensation process based on budgetary possibilities and did not condition the realization of this process in terms of time. The paper aims to analyze the concept of transitional justice in international and domestic law, highlighting its main instruments, as well as focusing on compensation for former political prisoners in Albania. The work through the analytical and comparative method supports the hypothesis that the compensation of political prisoners designed as an effective tool for correcting the injustice caused during the years of communism is bringing back new injustices, which are incompatible with the principle of the rule of law and human rights. The compensation scheme for political convicts in Albania has created not only legal uncertainty regarding the time of compensation, but also such a duration can lead to inequality and discrimination. The paper recommends the need for immediate legal changes to build a fair, fast and effective compensation mechanism.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
European Cultural Cooperation Projects in the Western Balkans
Authors: Dedej Arian , Medici Lorenzo 
Published: June 2023

The EU and the Western Balkans are bound together by enduring cultural connections and a shared goal. In order to advance peace and good neighbourly relations, the European Commission decided in July 2019 to strengthen cultural cooperation in the Western Balkans. The Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA II) launched an explicit call based on the Creative Europe Programme, encouraging applicants to suggest a consortium with the majority of partners from the Western Balkans in order to strengthen regional ties and increase local impact. Out of 350 entries, the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) chose 13 projects with 91 partners. In order to most effectively heal the wounds left by the wars in the former Yugoslavia and to foster a sense of common citizenship in Europe, these cultural efforts are instances of cultural soft power.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Legal Instruments for Determining Personal Insurance Measures in the "Republic of Albania"
Authors: Musa Elton , Musa Sherif 
Published: June 2023

Any restriction of freedom must be objectively justified and for a duration no longer than is necessary. In exceptional cases, when the limitation of freedom is considered necessary, it must guarantee the respect of rights and guarantees of a procedural nature, provided for in international acts that are mandatory to be implemented in domestic legislation. The right to liberty means only protection from restriction of physical liberty. It is not easy to define the meaning of the term "restriction of freedom", but in general we will understand this as the obligation to stay in a limited space for a considerable period of time. In every country in the world, people are arrested and detained on suspicion of having committed a criminal offence. Often, these individuals are kept restricted from their freedom for weeks, months or even years before a competent court pronounces a decision on their case on the merits. The conditions in which these individuals are kept are often the worst in the internal penitentiary system. Their legal status is in jeopardy as they are suspects but have not pleaded guilty and they are under enormous pressure, due to the damage they suffer in economic terms or separation from family and community. The extended use of arrest in prison or at home, in the Republic of Albania, evidences a poor recognition of the conditions and criteria for assigning coercive personal security measures, by the actors of the criminal justice system, in particular by the prosecution and the court. However, the role of the courts remains fundamental not only for the correction of procedural actions carried out by the prosecution and the police, but especially for the guarantee of freedoms and fundamental rights, as well as the principles of the rule of law.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Territorial Integrity of Ukraine in the View of International Law
Authors: Musa Elton , Shehaj Julinda 
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this paper, among others, is precisely to understand the causes of this conflict of the use of force by Russian forces in the territory of Ukraine and to understand what can be done and what should be the response that the international community, and in this case the UN represents, must give this new challenge that history is facing. Today, Europe is experiencing the most serious geopolitical crisis that the Balkans has experienced since the collapse of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Just a little over a year and a half ago, Russian President Vladimir Putin submitted a request to the Council of the Russian Federation asking for permission to use armed force due to the emergency situation in Ukraine and the ongoing threat to citizens and thus the Forces Russian armed forces were deployed in its territory, in particular in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and then in the entire territory of Ukraine. For us Europeans, who watch this crisis with special attention, not only because of the geographical proximity but also because of the unpredictability of its results, it is still very difficult to fully understand what is happening in Ukraine today. That is why I think it is necessary to review several stages together, which will show us how this crisis at the eastern doors of our house, if it was not preventable, was at least predictable. The principles of "sovereignty" and "self-determination" are two of the basic norms of international law, but sometimes they contradict themselves and the main debate presented in this topic is which principle limits the other, so we have tried to answer we find in the assessment of each case. State sovereignty is no longer an absolute concept as it is directly related to the respect of human rights. Self-determination continues to be a radical concept of this time, and its application depends on a case-by-case basis, taking into account various historical and current factors.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
The Role of Trainings in the Development and Enhancement of Work Performance in the Public and Private Sector
Authors: Mamaqi Ermir 
Published: June 2023

Training is an active learning method that refers to the acquisition and improvement of knowledge, abilities, skills and vocal or practical wonts, as well as knowledge related to specific areas of professional activity. The aim of training is to enhance the abilities and performance of an individual or a specific group. The development and training of employees is the strategic investment of time, energy, and resources in improving the company's personnel. Some of most important advantages of trainings are: Improved Employee Performance; Self-Confidence; Self-Esteem; Self-Image; Increased Team Morale; Development of Employee Skills; Consistency; Enhanced the Reputation and Company Profile; The essence of any training relies in the transformation of three key components of an employee’s qualifications: knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Through training, companies "earn" change in these three parameters. Training serves as a mechanism for improving the efficiency of the enterprise by developing the competencies of its personnel. The goal of any training is to develop specific skills, assess opportunities, and aid in achieving desired results. In this article, we will explore and analyse, among other things, practical cases demonstrating how employee training impacts job performance and final company outcomes.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
The Right to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and its Implementation in Albania
Authors: Ruspi Ermonela 
Published: June 2023

The freedom of assembly is one of the fundamental freedoms declared in a series of international legal documents and sanctioned in the domestic law of many states. In recent years, under the influence of economic, social, and political circumstances or those related to the pandemic, this freedom has been a tool in the hands of citizens or different entities to organize together and voice their concerns and grievances. In addition to the progress made in Albania, in practice, in many cases, problems have been identified in guaranteeing the exercise of the freedom of assembly of citizens by public authorities due to a lack of understanding of the purpose of the law or the lack of training of State Police employees in regards to taking measures for the management of gatherings. In addressing freedom of assembly in this paper, the methodology based on the assessment of the legal framework has been taken into consideration, as well as the challenges arising in the implementation of this right in an Albanian context. The sources of information are based on the reports of various institutions inside and outside Albania, on the legal framework that regulates the freedom of assembly, as well as on concrete situations of the organization of assemblies and emerging problems. The paper in conclusion reflects some recommendations in the context of improving legal guarantees as well as the taking of measures by public authorities in Albania in the exercise of freedom of assembly.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Democratic Evolution in Albania in the Aftermath of Candidate Country Status
Authors: Medici Lorenzo , Dedej Arian 
Published: June 2023

The integration process in the European Union, being the major national goal, is the political action that leads the agenda of every Albanian government since 1992 up today. Being aware on the importance of integration process as the most efficient way towards the path of fast democratization, governments have undertaken concrete steps in the opening of accession negotiations. The integration process is in a very significant momentum which dictates dialogue and partnership. Every country that has set as a goal the EU integration, should respect the integration criteria’s or as known the ‘Copenhagen criteria’s’, on the basis under which the European Commission deliver the opinion in regard of every application. These criteria’s are defined during the European Council of Copenhagen in 1993 and accomplished during the European Council in Madrid in 1995. These are political criteria’s such as : stability of institutions which guarantee democracy, rule of law, human rights and respect and protection of minorities; economic criteria’s such as the existence of an efficient economy, capacity to challenge competition pressure and internal market forces of the EU; the opportunity to take responsibilities which derive by law and policies of the EU ( acquis communitaire). Stability, peace and the integration of the Western Balkan countries en block, play a fundamental role for the present and the future of Europe. Over the years, it has become more evident the necessity to strengthen the EU policies against countries of this region. Considering the geographic position of Albania in the Mediterranean and its importance in oftentimes weak spots within the region, it deserves a special attention by the European institutions. Since the candidate country’s status up to now, Albania has reached a moderate progress in terms of democracy shifting from a hybrid regime to a flawed democracy. Flawed democracy countries reflect a bold weakness in democratic terms, among others an underdeveloped political culture, low participation in political life and issues concerning governance. Civil rights are still problematic especially when it comes at media censorship or in attacks against country opposition.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Women’s Participation in Political Decision-Making in Albania: Current Challenges and Expectations for the Future: The Case of Durrës and Tirana Regions
Authors: Bedini Belina , Zotaj Elda 
Published: June 2023

The gender index of 2020, is showing that Albania is placed under the European average with 60.4 points. On the other hand, Albania has been implementing for nearly ten years, the law on gender equity, where the participation of women up to 30% in the decision-making and executive bodies, is assured through the female quota system elections. As a result, the country today has a considerable level of women’s representation in political decision-making, like 30% in parliament, while in the government women mark the majority at 57%. In this paper, we aim to discover what are the challenges that women in politics are facing. Are they fulfilling the mission in terms of positive effects on the quality of democracy? What is missing? Hence, the study will focus, firstly on the steps taken on women’s participation in politics and relevant decision-making. The analysis will follow with the exploitation of the documents, such as laws, normative acts, and strategies on women’s contribution to decision-making. In addition, through the literature review, the study will focus on the reasons women should be equally represented in politics, and what is expected from them in terms of a qualitative democracy. Moreover, through the qualitative methodology, we have interviewed 12 women that are actively engaged in political decision-making, at the national and local levels, in Durrës and Tirana regions. With the interviews, we will try to explore the challenges, the contribution, the mission and the perceptions of women in politics. In the conclusion section, we will identify the good practices that helped the political career of women and some recommendations for future improvement.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023
Socio-Economic Perspective in Albania, Objectives and Implementing Instruments
Authors: Demi Mosho Albana , Puci Jona 
Published: June 2023

Every policymaker, before drafting a socio-economic policy, must consider the impact of the drafted policy and the effects on all interest groups. In this paper, economic policies that have a direct impact on society, research instruments, and law enforcement reforms will be presented. The methodology for collecting information, and comparison of legal analysis and data to achieve the results of this paper will be used qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as descriptive methods. The paper is based on a detailed analysis of the sources primary and resources. The study, understanding, and then explanation or drafting of social economic policies cannot be achieved without first studying the main object with which this policy deals, which is money. The descriptive method used in this paper aims to reflect the current state of implementing instruments in Albania. The statistical method was used to analyze the study materials. Every individual, business, and institution carries out its expenses depending on the income. The government realizes its income through taxation and depending on this income it draws up the expenditure plan. This is a rule that no one can avoid.

Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 16 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023