bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco-friendly Management of Pink Stem Borer (Sesamia inferens Walker) in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn) in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: R Saritha , M Visalakshi 
Published: February 2025

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn) is a nutri-cereal, known for its unique nutritional properties and climate resilience. In India, among various insect pests infesting finger millet, pink stem borer causes extensive damage to the crop in the peninsular India throughout the year and across the country. In the present scenario of growing importance of sustainable and eco-friendly agriculture, exploring effective and environmentally safe novel insecticides and microbial pesticides needs to be prioritized for management of pink stem borer in finger millet. Field studies were conducted at regional agricultural research station, Anakapalle, Andhra Pradesh to evaluate a novel eco-friendly insecticide, a botanical and few microbial pesticides for their efficacy against pink stem in finger millet during 2019-20 and 2020-21. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. All the treatments were imposed as two foliar sprays at 15-20 days after sowing and again at 35-40 days after sowing and cumulative incidence of dead hearts and white ears were recorded up to 60 days after sowing. The cumulative data from the two consecutive years of study, revealed that emamectin benzoate @ 0.4 gl-1 is most effective in managing pink stem borer (2.5 per cent dead hearts and 2.8 per cent white ear heads), giving higher yield (29.4 quintals per hectare) and also achieving higher benefit cost ratio of 3.25. Among the botanicals and microbial pesticides tested, M. anisopliae @5 gl-1and B.bassiana @5 gl-1 proved to be the best at reducing the dead hearts to 3.9-4.3 per cent and white ear heads to 4.2-4.7 per cent. The cost economics reinforced the superiority of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana by obtaining benefit cost ratios of 3.08 and 2.98, respectively.
Leveraging Industry Speaker into Active Learning Opportunities to Increase Student Engagement
Authors: Jen Leong Siok , Rasaratnam Pawani T. 
Published: February 2025

Industry guest speaker has been invited in many educational settings to share their real-world experience with students, yet there is little understanding on how it can be leveraged to increase student engagement. Student engagement is a concept receiving strong attention in higher education due to its association with a number of positive academic outcomes. The purpose of this research is to design active learning strategies into traditional guest lectures to make it more engaging. It hopes to address the research question on “How can industry speakers be leveraged to increase student engagement in higher education?”. A total of 92 participants were surveyed at an undergraduate Year 1 Business Degree programme using quantitative research method where self-administered online survey was used to measure the learning activities designed in terms of engagement. The finding indicated that activities like Kahoot gamification and infographics when used correctly with lecturer support such as providing feedback and motivation can help in the overall engagement of the guest lecture that could provide a valuable educational experience. The results of this study provided important implications for educators seeking to enhance student engagement through industry guest speakers.
Influence of Substrate Composition on Growth, Yield and Antimicrobial Activity of Pleurotus djamor
Authors: Mathavan M. , Rajadurai S. , Gomathy M. , Babu R. Santhosh , Raja A. Ajay 
Published: February 2025

Aims: This study investigates the cultivation and biological efficacy of Pleurotus djamor var. roseus, commonly known as the pink oyster mushroom, using low-cost techniques and various agro-wastes as substrates. With global mushroom production exceeding two million tons annually, the economic and nutritional importance of mushrooms has been recognized, particularly due to their high protein, fiber content and antioxidant properties.
Study Design and Methodology: The research involved preparing a suitable substrates, including the sterilization and spawning of paddy straw, followed by monitoring growth parameters such as spawn running, pinhead formation, and fruit body development.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Department of Microbiology, Kamarajar Government Arts College, Surandai.
Results: The results indicate optimal conditions for mycelial growth and yield, with a biological efficiency of 43% observed in paddy straw substrates. Additionally, the ethanolic extracts of P. djamor were tested for antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, showing significant inhibitory effects, particularly against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Conclusion: The results indicate that *P. djamor* var. *roseus* is a nutrient-dense mushroom with potential health benefits, making it a valuable addition to diets aimed at addressing chronic diseases and aging. This research underscores the benefits of using agricultural waste for sustainable mushroom cultivation while highlighting the health-enhancing properties of this species.
Effects of Pressing Lignocellulosic Biomass on Sugar Yield in Two‐Stage Dilute‐Acid Hydrolysis Process
Authors: Kim Kyoung Heon , Tucker Melvin P. , Nguyen Quang A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDilute sulfuric acid catalyzed hydrolysis of biomass such as wood chips often involves pressing the wood particles in a dewatering step (e.g., after acid impregnation) or in compression screw feeders commonly used in continuous hydrolysis reactors. This study addresses the effects of pressing biomass feedstocks using a hydraulic press on soluble sugar yield obtained from two‐stage dilute‐acid hydrolysis of softwood. The pressed acid‐impregnated feedstock gave significantly lower soluble sugar yields than the never‐pressed (i.e., partially air‐dried or filtered) feedstock. Pressing acid‐impregnated feedstocks before pretreatment resulted in a soluble hemicellulosic sugar yield of 76.9% from first‐stage hydrolysis and a soluble glucose yield of 33.7% from second‐stage hydrolysis. The dilute‐acid hydrolysis of partially air‐dried feedstocks having total solids and acid concentrations similar to those of pressed feedstocks gave yields of 87.0% hemicellulosic sugar and 46.9% glucose in the first and second stages, respectively. Microscopic examination of wood structures showed that pressing acid‐impregnated wood chips from 34 to 54% total solids (TS) did not cause the wood structure to collapse. However, pressing first‐stage pretreated wood chips (i.e., feedstock for second‐stage hydrolysis) from approximately 30 to 43% TS caused the porous wood matrix to almost completely collapse. It is hypothesized that pressing alters the wood structure and distribution of acid within the cell cavities, leading to uneven heat and mass transfer during pretreatment using direct steam injection. Consequently, lower hydrolysis yield of soluble sugars results. Dewatering of corn stover by pressing did not impact negatively on the sugar yield from single‐stage dilute‐acid pretreatment.
The outcome of varicocelectomy in subfertile men with an absent or atrophic right testis
Authors: AŞci  , Sarikaya Ş. , BÜYÜkalpelli  , Yilmaz  , Yildiz  
Published: July 2002

Objectives To determine the effects of varicocelectomy on semen quality, testicular volumes and serum hormone levels in subfertile men with an absent or atrophic right testis.Patients and methods Seventeen patients whose wives were gynaecologically normal were evaluated with at least two semen analyses and measurements of serum hormone levels and antisperm antibodies. Scrotal ultrasonography was used to determine testicular volumes and spermatic vein diameters. Varicocelectomy was performed by high ligation via an inguinal approach. All patients were seen at a follow‐up 3 months later, and after 6, 9 and 12 months the scrotal ultrasonography, hormone assessment and semen analyses were repeated. Any pregnancies in their wives were recorded over a median follow‐up of 19 months.Results After surgery, all patients had significant improvements in sperm motility, morphology and concentration (P<0.01) but the differences in pre‐ and post‐operative testicular volumes and plasma hormone levels were not statistically significant (P>0.01). No patients had immunological infertility. Eleven of the wives became pregnant during the follow‐up.Conclusion Higher pregnancy rates can be achieved by left varicocelectomy in subfertile men with an absent or atrophic right testis. Sperm concentration, motility and morphology are significantly improved by varicocelectomy.
CO2 laser processing of diffusion induced lattice imperfections in silicon: Experiment and theory
Authors: James R. B. , Geist G. A. , Young R. T. , Christie W. H. , Greulich F. A. 
Published: July 2002

The high-temperature diffusion of phosphorus into crystalline silicon causes the formation of electrically inactive phosphorus-rich precipitates near the surface. These precipitates decrease the carrier lifetime and mobility in the diffused layer, and thus lead to less than optimal diode characteristics of electrical junctions formed by diffusion of phosphorus into a p-type substrate. We show that the free-carrier absorption of a CO2 laser pulse can be used to completely dissolve the precipitates and remove dislocations in the diffused layer. Furthermore, we find that there are distinct advantages in depositing the pulse energy by way of free-carrier transitions, since the energy can be preferentially deposited in either confined doped layers or diffusion wells that are surrounded by lightly doped material. Our transmission electron microscopy results show that the annealing of the extended lattice defects is caused by melting of the near-surface region and subsequent liquid-phase epitaxial regrowth. Van der Pauw measurements are used to study the carrier concentration, mobility, and sheet resistivity of the samples before and after laser irradiation. The results of the electrical measurements show that there is a large increase in the carrier concentrations and a corresponding drop in the sheet resistivities of the laser irradiated samples. Using a Fourier transform
infrared spectrometer, we find that significant changes occur in the transmittance and reflectance spectra after CO2 laser annealing. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements are used to determine the redistribution of the phosphorus as a function of the pulse energy density. A time resolved pump-and-probe technique is utilized to measure the threshold for the onset of surface melting and the melt duration. We find that for energy densities greater than about 3 J/cm2, the reflectivity of the probe laser (at 633-nm wavelength) jumps rapidly to 70%, which is consistent with the reflectivity of liquid silicon. The interpretation of the laser induced changes in the electrical, optical, and structural properties is based on a thermal model, in which surface melting occurs for incident pulse energy densities exceeding a threshold value. Comparative calculations are reported for the melt depths and duration of surface melting, and good agreement is found. Other calculated results for the transient heating and cooling of the near-surface region are also reported.
Spin-polarized electron energy-loss spectroscopy of metastable bcc cobalt films (abstract)
Authors: Lind D. M. , Idzerda Y. U. , Prinz G. A. , Jonker B. T. , Krebs J. J. 
Published: July 2002

Recent developments now allow for the study of the spin dependence of electron energy-loss features for scattering from magnetized ferromagnetic materials. Particular interest in such studies has been focused on Stoner (or spin-flip) excitations1 because of their fundamental nature as well as their proposed role in the polarization enhancement for low energy secondary electron emission from ferromagnets.2 We have performed spin-polarized electron energy loss spectroscopy (SPEELS) on thin (∼40-Å) metastable bcc Co(110) films which have been grown by e-beam evaporation on atomically clean GaAs(110) substrates. Surface order and cleanliness of the substrate and grown film are
monitored by LEED and AES. Details of the bcc Co deposition, growth, and characterization have been reported elsewhere.3 After growth, the thin ferromagnetic films are magnetized to near-saturation remanence magnetization along the in-plane [001] (magnetically easy) direction3 by placement in the center of a pulsed coil. The spin-polarized primary electron beam is obtained by photoemission from a negative electron affinity GaAs surface excited by circularly polarized light. The direction of polarization of the electron beam is easily reversed without changing the beam intensity or transport characteristics. The degree of polarization of the source is estimated to be 28–30%. The scattering geometry is chosen so that only the energy-loss spectrum of the specularly reflected beam is measured by a hemispherical energy analyzer. We obtain spin dependent loss spectra for specularly reflected electron beams for a range of primary beam energies. Two polarization dependent features are observed in the energy-loss spectra, a shoulder at 1.6 eV and a well-defined peak at 2.8 eV. The data obtained is normalized to the measured elastic peak intensity, which is assumed to be the same for both spin polarization directions. Polarization analysis shows both features to be due almost entirely to inelastic scattering of incident electrons polarized parallel to the spin-down (minority) direction. The FWHM of both features are quite narrow, suggesting a near rigid exchange splitting for the bcc Co bands. The magnetization reversal behavior and the energy dependence of these spin-dependent features are consistant with the behavior of Stoner excitations. We have tentatively identified the feature at 1.6 eV as the primary Stoner excitation which implies the exchange splitting for bcc Co is also 1.6 eV. The higher-energy peak is most likely a second peak in the Stoner density-of-states.4 Additional theoretical calculations are being performed to verify these identifications.5
Analysis of opiates and cocaine by RIA and GC‐MS: distribution of their metabolites in urine and hair from drug addicts
Authors: TABERNERO MARIA JESUS , BERMEJO ANA MARIA , FERNANDEZ PURIFICACION 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTwo analytical techniques (RIA and GC‐MS) were used for the simultaneous identification and determination of heroin, cocaine and their metabolites in the urine and hair of 200 drug addicts. Opiates tests were positive in 182 hair samples and 145 urine samples, whereas cocaine tests were positive in 173 hair samples and in 63 urine samples. Drug content of hair, as determined by RIA, varied over the ranges of 0–30 ng/mg (opiates) and 0–924 ng/mg (cocaine). Metabolite distribution was studied by GC‐MS in samples taken from 50 individuals. Tests revealed 6‐monoacetylmorphine to be ubiquitous in hair and morphine to be the major component in urine. Cocaine was found to invariably occur at higher concentrations than its metabolites in hair with the opposite result in urine.
Psychological impact of the Lidcombe Program of early stuttering intervention
Authors: Woods Sarah , Shearsby Julia , Onslow Mark , Burnham Denis 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe Lidcombe Program is an operant treatment for stuttering in preschool children for which favourable outcome and social validity data have been published. The treatment involves parental praise for stutter‐free speech in children's everyday speaking environments, and occasional correction of stuttered speech. Theoretical perspectives on the origins of stuttering have prompted suggestions that the Lidcombe Program may have an adverse psychological impact on children. The present preliminary investigation sought to identify any evidence of such a systematic, pernicious trend, which might justify statistically powerful investigations of the issue with large subject numbers. Subjects were eight preschool children who were successfully treated with the Lidcombe Program. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) detected any post‐treatment behavioural markers of changes in children such as anxiety, aggression, withdrawal or depression. The Attachment Q‐Set (AQS) measured any changes in the quality of the attachment relationship between child and mother over the course of treatment. These case studies revealed no evidence of a systematic trend in either. In fact, CBCL data suggested improvements in the children after treatment. It is concluded that there is no reason to doubt that the Lidcombe Program is a safe treatment.
Marketing institutional journal subscriptions to academic libraries
Authors: Kidd Tony 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThis paper examines different influences on the journal cancellation and selection policies of university libraries in the UK. Changing funding arrangements are outlined, followed by a discussion of varied criteria that are used during journal cancellation exercises, and how publishers can influence this process. The paper then considers changes consequent upon the advent of the electronic journal, and suggests that this, together with budget devolution and greater library liaison with academic staff, is increasing the influence of library staff in journal selection. As a result of these various trends, direct contacts between publishers and library staff are increasing.
(In)Efficient market models: the reality behind economic models in the publishing industry
Authors: Arjoon Roger 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTThe literature on evolving economic models in the electronic publishing industry of academic and scholarly communication has primarily been based on an ideology of economic efficiency. This ideology implies the role of print journals and publishers will become less dominant in the publishing industry since market forces predict a significant change in the flow of incentives and information between the various stakeholders. However, recent research suggests that this conclusion may be premature. Resisting forces, which manifest themselves via institutional, infrastructural and informational channels, seem strong enough to maintain the viability of print publishing in the medium term.
A criterion for correct solvability of the Sturm-Liouville equation in the space 𝐿_{𝑝}(𝑅)
Authors: Chernyavskaya N. , Shuster L. 
Published: July 2002

We consider an equation

(1)

−
y
(
x
)
+
q
(
x
)

y
(
x
)
=
f
(
x
)
,

x
∈
R
,

\begin{equation}\tag {1} -y(x) + q(x)\ y(x) = f(x),\qquad x\in R, \end{equation}

where

f
(
x
)
∈

L

p

(
R
)
,

p
∈
[
1
,
∞
]

(
‖
f

‖

∞

:=
C
(
R
)
)

f(x) \in L_{p}(R),\ p\in [1,\infty ]\ \left (\| f \|_{\infty } := C (R) \right )

, and

0
≤
q
(
x
)
∈

L

1

loc

(
R
)
.

0 \le q(x)\in L_{1}^{\operatorname {loc}} (R).

By a solution of equation (1), we mean any function

y
(
x
)

y(x)

such that

y
(
x
)
,

y
′

(
x
)
∈
A

C

loc

(
R
)
,

y(x), y’(x) \in AC^{\operatorname {loc}} (R),

and equality (1) holds almost everywhere on

R
.

R.

In this paper, we obtain a criterion for the correct solvability of (1) in

L

p

(
R
)

L_{p} (R)

,

p
∈
[
1
,
∞
]
.

p \in [1,\infty ].
PhyloDraw: a phylogenetic tree drawing system
Authors: Choi Jeong-Hyeon , Jung Ho-Youl , Kim Hye-Sun , Cho Hwan-Gue 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: PhyloDraw is a unified viewing tool for phylogenetic trees. PhyloDraw supports various kinds of multi-alignment formats (Dialign2, Clustal-W, Phylip format, NEXUS, MEGA, and pairwise distance matrix) and visualizes various kinds of tree diagrams, e.g. rectangular cladogram, slanted cladogram, phylogram, unrooted tree, and radial tree. By using several control parameters, users can easily and interactively manipulate the shape of phylogenetic trees. This program can export the final tree layout to BMP (bitmap image format) and PostScript.
Availability: http://pearl.cs.pusan.ac.kr/phylodraw/
Contact: jhchoi@pearl.cs.pusan.ac.kr
Dotlet: diagonal plots in a Web browser
Authors: Junier Thomas , Pagni Marco 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Summary: Dotlet is a program for comparing sequences by the diagonal plot method. It is designed to be platform-independent and to run in a Web browser, thus enabling the majority of researchers to use it.
Availability: The applet can be tested at http://www.isrec.isb-sib.ch/java/dotlet/Dotlet.html, and the source code is available upon request.
Contact: (Thomas.Junier—Marco.Pagni)@isrec.unil.ch
Supplementary information: The full documentation about dotlet is available from the above URL.
Prediction of quaternary structure from primary structure
Authors: Garian Robert 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: The ‘sequence implies conformation’ principle has been the motivation for the construction of numerous systems of secondary and tertiary structure prediction. Computational experiments have shown that this principle can now be extended to quaternary structure prediction. This work appears to be the first effort to predict quaternary structure properties from sequence.
Results: The software developed to conduct these experiments was the Quaternary Structure Explorer (QSE). Successful rule-based classifiers have been found that can discriminate between the primary sequences of homodimers and non-homodimers.
Availability: The homodimer classifier can be accessed at http://www.mericity.com
Contact: rgar@science.gmu.edu
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of influenza
Authors: Zambon Maria C. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Influenza A, B and C all have a segmented genome, although only certain influenza A subtypes and influenza B cause severe disease in humans. The two major proteins of influenza are the surface glycoproteins—haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA is the major antigen for neutralizing antibodies and is involved in the binding of virus particles to receptors on host cells. Pandemics are a result of novel virus subtypes of influenza A, created by reassortment of the segmented genome (antigenic shift), whereas annual epidemics are a result of evolution of the surface antigens of influenza A and B virus (antigenic drift). The rapid evolution of influenza viruses highlights the importance of surveillance in identifying novel circulating strains. Infectivity of influenza depends on the cleavage of HA by specific host proteases, whereas NA is involved in the release of progeny virions from the cell surface and prevents clumping of newly formed virus. In birds, the natural hosts of influenza, the virus causes gastrointestinal infection and is transmitted via the faeco-oral route. Virulent avian influenza strains, which cause systemic disease, have an HA that is cleaved by proteases present in all cells of the body, rather than by proteases restricted to the intestinal tract. In mammals, replication of influenza subtypes appears restricted to respiratory epithelial cells. Most symptoms and complications, therefore, involve the respiratory tract. However, systemic complications are sometimes observed and other viral genes besides the HA, including the NA, may be involved in determination of virulence of influenza strains in mammals.