bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
α‐Synuclein Seed Amplification Assays in the Diagnosis of Synucleinopathies Using Cerebrospinal Fluid—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Grossauer Anna , Hemicker Greta , Krismer Florian , Peball Marina , Djamshidian Atbin , Poewe Werner , Seppi Klaus , Heim Beatrice 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundReal‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) and protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) have been developed to detect minute amounts of amyloidogenic proteins via amplification techniques and have been used to detect misfolded α‐synuclein (αSyn) aggregates in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and other source materials of patients with Parkinson's Disease and other synucleinopathies.ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of αSyn seed amplification assays (αSyn‐SAAs), including RT‐QuIC and PMCA, using CSF as source material to differentiate synucleinopathies from controls.MethodsThe electronic MEDLINE database PubMed was searched for relevant articles published until June 30, 2022. Study quality assessment was performed using the QUADAS‐2 toolbox. A random effects bivariate model was exploited for data synthesis.ResultsOur systematic review identified 27 eligible studies according to the predefined inclusion criteria, of which 22 were included in the final analysis. Overall, 1855 patients with synucleinopathies and 1378 non‐synucleinopathies as control subjects were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity to differentiate synucleinopathies from controls with αSyn‐SAA were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82–0.93) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92–0.97), respectively. Evaluating the diagnostic performance of RT‐QuIC in a subgroup analysis for the detection of patients with multiple system atrophy the pooled sensitivity decreased to 0.30 (95% CI, 0.11–0.59).ConclusionsWhile our study clearly demonstrated a high diagnostic performance of RT‐QuIC and PMCA for differentiating synucleinopathies with Lewy bodies from controls, results for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy were less robust.
The Rush Video‐Based Tic Rating Scale‐Revised: A Practice‐Oriented Revision
Authors: Riechmann Rica , Jakubovski Ewgeni , Essing Jana , Haas Martina , Goetz Christopher G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Müller‐Vahl Kirsten R. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Modified Rush Video‐Based Tic Rating Scale (MRVS) is the most widely used video‐based scale for assessing tic severity in patients with Tourette syndrome (TS). However, shortcomings of the MRVS, including a lack of clear instructions, a time‐consuming recording procedure, and weak correlations with the gold standard for tic assessment, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale‐Total Tic Score (YGTSS‐TTS), limits its use in research settings, although video assessments are generally considered objective, reliable, and time‐saving measurements.ObjectivesWe aimed to revise the MRVS (MRVS‐R) to simplify and standardize the assessment procedure and improve the correlation with the YGTSS‐TTS.MethodsWe used 102 videos of patients with TS or persistent motor tic disorder filmed according to the MRVS. We compared the tic frequency assessed by MRVS with frequencies according to MRVS‐R based on a 5‐min (instead of a 10‐min) video to investigate whether reducing the recording time leads to significant changes. In addition, we adapted the MRVS to the YGTSS and defined new anchor values for motor and phonic tic frequency based on frequency distributions as assessed in our sample. Finally, we compared the MRVS‐R and MRVS regarding psychometric properties and correlation with the YGTSS‐TTS.ResultsCutting video recording time in half did not significantly affect assessments of motor and phonic tic frequencies. Psychometric properties were acceptable. Most important, proposed revisions of the MRVS improved correlation with the YGTSS‐TTS.ConclusionsThe MRVS‐R is a simplified version of the MRVS with comparable psychometric qualities, but higher correlations with the YGTSS‐TTS.
Reconsidering “low‐dose”—Impacts of oral estrogen exposure during preimplantation embryo development
Authors: Schmidhauser Meret , Hankele Anna‐Katharina , Ulbrich Susanne E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPerturbations of estrogen signaling during developmental stages of high plasticity may lead to adverse effects later in life. Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDC) are compounds that interfere with the endocrine system by particularly mimicking the action of endogenous estrogens as functional agonists or antagonists. EDCs compose synthetic and naturally occurring compounds discharged into the environment, which may be taken up via skin contact, inhalation, orally due to contaminated food or water, or via the placenta during in utero development. Although estrogens are efficiently metabolized by the liver, the role of circulating glucuro‐ and/or sulpho‐conjugated estrogen metabolites in the body has not been fully addressed to date. Particularly, the role of intracellular cleavage to free functional estrogens could explain the hitherto unknown mode of action of adverse effects of EDC at very low concentrations currently considered safe. We summarize and discuss findings on estrogenic EDC with a focus on early embryonic development to highlight the need for reconsidering low dose effects of EDC.
Role of intraluteal and intrauterine prostaglandin signaling in LH‐induced luteolysis in pregnant rats
Authors: Vashistha Akshi , Khan Habibur Rahaman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLuteal dysfunctions lead to fertility disorders and pregnancy complications. Normal luteal function is regulated by many factors, including luteinizing hormone (LH). The luteotropic roles of LH have been widely investigated but its role in the process of luteolysis has received little attention. LH has been shown to have luteolytic effects during pregnancy in rats and the role of intraluteal prostaglandins (PGs) in LH‐mediated luteolysis has been demonstrated by others. However, the status of PG signaling in the uterus during LH‐mediated luteolysis remains unexplored. In this study, we utilized the repeated LH administration (4×LH) model for luteolysis induction. We have examined the effect of LH‐mediated luteolysis on the expression of genes involved in luteal/uterine PG synthesis, luteal PGF2α signaling, and uterine activation during different stages (mid and late) of pregnancy. Further, we analyzed the effect of overall PG synthesis machinery blockage on LH‐mediated luteolysis during late pregnancy. Unlike the midstage of pregnancy, the expression of genes involved in PG synthesis, PGF2α signaling, and uterine activation in late‐stage pregnant rats' luteal and uterine tissue increase 4×LH. Since the cAMP/PKA pathway mediates LH‐mediated luteolysis, we analyzed the effect of inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis on the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, followed by the analysis of the expression of markers of luteolysis. Inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis did not affect the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. However, in the absence of endogenous PGs, luteolysis could not be activated to the full extent. Our results suggest that endogenous PGs may contribute to LH‐mediated luteolysis, but this dependency on endogenous PGs is pregnancy‐stage dependent. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate luteolysis.
Influence of saturation effects on biexponential liver intravoxel incoherent motion
Authors: Loh Martin , Führes Tobit , Stuprich Christoph , Uder Michael , Saake Marc , Laun Frederik Bernd 
Published: March 2023

PurposeStudies on intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in the liver have been carried out with different acquisition protocols. The number of acquired slices and the distances between slices can influence IVIM measurements due to saturation effects, but these effects have often been disregarded. This study investigated differences in biexponential IVIM parameters between two slice settings.MethodsFifteen healthy volunteers (21–30 years) were examined at a field strength of 3 T. Diffusion‐weighted images of the abdomen were acquired with 16 b values (0–800 s/mm2), with four slices for the few slices setting and 24–27 slices for the many slices setting. Regions of interest were manually drawn in the liver. The data were fitted with a monoexponential signal curve and a biexponential IVIM curve, and biexponential IVIM parameters were determined. The dependence on the slice setting was assessed with Student's t test for paired samples (normally distributed IVIM parameters) and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test (non‐normally distributed parameters).ResultsNone of the parameters were significantly different between the settings. For few slices and many slices, respectively, the mean values (SDs) for
were

() and

(); for

they were 29.7% (6.2%) and 27.7% (3.6%); and for

they were

() and

().ConclusionBiexponential IVIM parameters in the liver are comparable among IVIM studies that use different slice settings, with mostly negligible saturation effects. However, this may not hold for studies that use much shorter TR.
Clinical reasoning in managing chronic hip pain: One in two Australian and New Zealand physiotherapists diagnosed a case vignette with clinical criteria for hip OA as hip OA. A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Haber Travis , Hinman Rana S. , Dobson Fiona , Vicenzino Bill , Darlow Ben , Kayll Sam , Hall Michelle 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesUsing a case vignette of an adult (George) presenting with hip pain consistent with hip OA, this study aimed to describe: (a) whether physiotherapists make diagnoses and identify bodily structures using either patient history and/or physical examination findings; (b) which diagnoses and bodily structures physiotherapists attribute to the hip pain; (c) how confident physiotherapists were in their clinical reasoning using patient history and physical examination findings; (d) what treatments physiotherapists would offer to George.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional online survey of physiotherapists in Australia and New Zealand. We used descriptive statistics to analyse closed questions and content analysis for open‐text responses.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty physiotherapists completed the survey (39% response‐rate). After receiving the patient history, 64% diagnosed George's pain and 49% of these as hip OA; 95% attributed George's pain to a bodily structure(s). After receiving the physical examination, 81% diagnosed George's hip pain and 52% of these as hip OA; 96% attributed George's hip pain to a bodily structure(s). Ninety‐six percent of respondents were at least somewhat confident in their diagnosis after the patient history, and 95% were similarly confident after the physical examination. Most respondents offered advice (98%) and exercise (99%), but fewer offered treatments for weight loss (31%), medication (11%), and psychosocial factors (<15%).DiscussionAbout half of the physiotherapists that diagnosed George's hip pain made a diagnosis of hip OA, despite the case vignette including clinical criteria for a diagnosis of OA. Physiotherapists offered exercise and education, but many physiotherapists did not offer other clinically indicated and recommended treatments, such as weight loss and sleep advice.
Effects of Livestock Exclusion on Stream Habitat and Aquatic Biota: A Review and Recommendations for Implementation and Monitoring
Authors: Krall Michelle , Roni Philip 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To inform riparian restoration, research, and monitoring and to provide management recommendations, we reviewed published studies evaluating the physical and biological effectiveness of livestock exclusion and grazing reduction on various metrics in riparian and aquatic areas. We identified 95 North American studies that reported the effects of livestock grazing reduction on physical habitat (channel morphology, mesohabitats, substrate, and bank stability), biological assemblages (riparian vegetation, macroinvertebrates, fish, and birds), and water quality metrics (temperature, nitrates, phosphorus, and turbidity). Most studies reported that methods to reduce or exclude livestock decreased channel width, width-to-depth ratio, bank erosion, soil bulk density, bare ground, water temperature, nitrogen, and phosphorus and increased riparian vegetation (cover, height, productivity, biomass, and abundance), riparian bird abundance, and young-of-the-year fishes. Results for channel depth, instream substrate, mesohabitats, water depth, juvenile and adult fishes, and macroinvertebrates showed no consistent response to exclusion. Project success was influenced by the time since exclusion; whether there was complete exclusion or continued grazing; and local climate, geology, and soils. Apart from bank erosion and stability, most of the physical and biological metrics took more than a decade to respond to livestock exclusion. However, coupling exclusion with planting and other restoration measures decreased the recovery time. Complete exclusion of livestock produced more consistent improvements in riparian condition and other metrics than rest–rotation or other grazing management strategies. Understanding how physical and biological metrics respond to livestock exclusion will require (1) focused, long-term studies using before–after or before–after, control–impact designs; and (2) monitoring of metrics that most consistently respond to exclusion. Ultimately, the design of exclusions should be driven by local climate, geology, biophysical conditions, and management history. Our results highlight the need for watershed-scale approaches to excluding livestock from broad areas and the need for implementation monitoring to ensure that fencing and other exclusion measures continue to exclude livestock and produce the desired responses.
The Risk of Meningitis After Cochlear Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gowrishankar Shravan V. , Fleet Alex , Tomasoni Michele , Durham Rory , Umeria Rishi , Merchant Serena A. , Shah Syed F.H. , Muzaffar Jameel , Mohammed Hassan , Kuhn Isla , Tysome James , Smith Matthew E. , Donnelly Neil , Axon Patrick , Bance Manohar , Borsetto Daniele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to estimate the rate of postoperative meningitis (both immediate and long‐term) in patients following cochlear implants (CIs). It aims to do so through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies tracking complications after CIs.Data SourcesMEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library.Review MethodsThis review was performed in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Studies tracking complications following CIs in patients were included. Exclusion criteria included non‐English language studies and case series reporting <10 patients. Bias risk was evaluated using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analysis was performed through DerSimonian and Laird random‐effects models.ResultsA total of 116/1931 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, there were 112 cases of meningitis in 58,940 patients after CIs. Meta‐analysis estimated an overall rate of postoperative meningitis of 0.07% (95% confidence interval [CIs], 0.03%‐0.1%; I2 = 55%). Subgroup meta‐analysis showed this rate had 95% CIs crossing 0% in implanted patients who received the pneumococcal vaccine, antibiotic prophylaxis, those with postoperative acute otitis media (AOM), and those implanted less than 5 years.ConclusionMeningitis is a rare complication following CIs. Our estimated rates of meningitis after CIs appear lower than prior estimates based on epidemiological studies in the early 2000s. However, the rate still appears higher than the baseline rate in the general population. The risk was very low in implanted patients who received the pneumococcal vaccine, antibiotic prophylaxis, received unilateral or bilateral implantations, developed AOM, those implanted with a round window or cochleostomy techniques, and those under 5 years.
Attitudes toward COVID‐19 vaccine among pediatric patients with sickle cell disease and their caregivers
Authors: Persaud Yogindra , Mandrell Belinda N. , Sharma Akshay , Carroll Yvonne , Irvine Mary , Olufadi Yunusa , Kang Guolian , Hijano Diego R. , Rai Parul , Hankins Jane S. , Johnson Liza‐Marie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate attitudes toward vaccination and vaccine uptake regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) among pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and their caregivers.ProcedureAdolescent patients and caregivers of children with SCD were surveyed during routine clinic visits; we then conducted a logistic regression analysis to understand differences in vaccine status, while qualitative responses were coded thematically.ResultsAmong respondents, the overall vaccination rate among adolescents and caregivers was 49% and 52%, respectively. Among the unvaccinated, 60% and 68% of adolescents and caregivers, respectively, preferred to remain unvaccinated, most commonly due to lack of perceived personal benefit from vaccination or mistrust in the vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that child's age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–1.2, p < .01) and caregiver education (measured by the Economic Hardship Index [EHI] score, OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.74–0.78, p < .05) were independent predictors of getting vaccinated.ConclusionDespite the increased risk of severe illness due to COVID‐19 in patients with SCD, vaccine hesitancy remains high in this population of families whose children have SCD. Fortunately, the reasons cited for deferring vaccination among those who are unvaccinated were largely due to barriers that may be overcome with quality communication around the utility of the vaccine and information about vaccine safety.
Trifluoromethylpyridine piperazine derivatives: synthesis and anti‐plant virus activity
Authors: Zhang Wei , Guo Shengxin , Wang Ya , Wu Yikun , Yu Lijiao , Wu Jian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is well‐known for its expansive host range and distribution, resulting in a detrimental effect on agricultural production, thus making it imperative to implement measures for its control.RESULTSNovel compounds S1‐S28 were synthesized by connecting trifluoromethyl pyridine, amide and piperazine scaffolds. Bioassays indicated that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited good curative effects against CMV, with half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of compounds S1, S2, S7, S8, S10, S11, S15, and S28 being 119.6, 168.9, 197.6, 169.1, 97.9, 73.9, 224.4, and 125.2 μg mL−1, respectively, which were lower than the EC50 of ningnanmycin (314.7 μg mL−1). Compounds S5 and S8 exhibited protective activities with EC50 of 170.8 and 95.0 μg mL−1, respectively, which were lower than ningnanmycin at 171.4 μg mL−1. The inactivation activities of S6 and S8 at 500 μg mL−1 were remarkably high at 66.1% and 78.3%, respectively, surpassing that of ningnanmycin (63.5%). Additionally, their EC50 values were more favorable at 22.2 and 18.1 μg mL−1, respectively, than ningnanmycin (38.4 μg mL−1). And molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed compound S8 had better binding with CMV‐coat protein, providing a possible explanation for the anti‐CMV activity of compound S8.CONCLUSIONSCompound S8 showed a strong binding affinity to CMV‐coat protein and impacted the self‐assemble of CMV particles. Compound S8 could be a potential lead compound for discovering a new anti‐plant virus candidate. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Target gene selection for RNAi‐based biopesticides against the hawthorn spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhang Yuying , Zhao Jin , Gao Yue , Liu Zhongfang , Zhang Pengjiu , Fan Renjun , Xing Shuping , Zhou Xuguo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, RNA interference (RNAi)‐based biopesticide, a species‐specific pest control alternative, has been deregulated and commercialized in the US and Canada. The hawthorn spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis Zacher, is a major pest for rosaceous plants, which has been controlled primarily by synthetic pesticides. To address the emerging resistance issues in A. viennensis, we initiated a project to develop RNAi‐based biopesticides.RESULTSIn this study, we (i) developed a dietary RNAi system for A. viennensis using leaf disc, (ii) assessed the suitability of multiple control genes to distinguish sequence‐specific silencing from non‐specific effects within this RNAi system, and (iii) screened for the target gene candidates. As a result, β‐Glucuronidase (GUS), an enzyme derived from E. coli and a broadly used reporter for plants is the appropriate control for A. viennensis RNAi, while green fluorescent protein (GFP), is not suitable due to its significantly higher mortality than the other controls. For target gene screening, suppression was confirmed for all the candidates, including two housekeeping genes (Vacuolar‐type H + ‐ATPase subunit A (V‐ATPase A) and Glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, (GAPDH)), and three genes associated with development (ATP‐dependent RNA Helicase DDX3Y (Belle), CREB‐binding protein (CBP), and Farnesoic acid O‐methyltransferase (FaMet)). Knocking down of V‐ATPase A resulted in the highest mortality (~ 90%) and reduced fecundity (over 90%) than other candidates. As for the genes associated with development, suppression of Belle and CBP, led to approximately 65% mortality, as well as 86% and 40% reduction in fecundity, respectively. Silencing of FaMet, however, had negligible biological impacts on A. viennensis.CONCLUSIONThe combined efforts not only establish an effective dsRNA delivery method, but also provide potential target genes for RNAi‐based biopesticides against A. viennensis, a devastating invasive pest for fruit trees and woody ornamental plants throughout Asia and Europe. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Destruction of the cellular antioxidant pool contributes to resveratrol‐induced senescence and apoptosis in lung cancer
Authors: Liang Chunhua , Yi Kefan , Zhou Xu , Li Xiaoting , Zhong Caiyun , Cao Hui , Xie Chunfeng , Zhu Jianyun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResveratrol (RES) has various pharmacological bioactivities and its anticancer effects in lung cancer have been proven. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of RES in lung cancer remain unclear. This study focused on Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant systems in RES‐treated lung cancer cells. A549 and H1299 cells were treated with various concentrations of RES at different times. RES decreased cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation, and increased the number of senescent and apoptotic cells in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Moreover, RES‐induced lung cancer cell arrest at the G1 phase was accompanied by changes in apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bcl‐2, and cleaved caspase 3). Furthermore, RES induced a senescent phenotype along with changes in senescence‐related markers (senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity, p21, and p‐γH2AX). More importantly, with prolonged exposure time and increased exposure concentration, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) continuously accumulated, resulting in a decrease in Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant response elements, including CAT, HO‐1, NQO1, and SOD1. Meanwhile, RES‐induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis were reversed by N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that RES disturb lung cancer cellular homeostasis by destroying the intracellular antioxidant pool to increase ROS production. Our findings provide a new perspective on RES intervention in lung cancer.