HGG-05. PERTURBING GABAERGIC NEURONAL LINEAGE IN DIFFUSE HEMISPHERIC GLIOMA, H3G34-MUTANT, HIGHLIGHTS CDK6 AS A CLINICALLY ACTIONABLE TARGET
Authors: Liu Ilon , Cruzeiro Gustavo Alencastro Veiga , Bjerke Lynn , Rogers Rebecca , Grabovska Yura , Beck Alexander , Mackay Alan , Barron Tara , Hack Olivia , Quezada Michael , Molinari Valeria , Shaw McKenzie , Temelso Sara , Raynaud Florence , Ruddle Ruth , Panditharatna Eshini , Englinger Bernhard , Mire Hafsa , Jiang Li , Silva Andrezza Do Nascimento , LaBelle Jenna , Haase Rebecca , Rozowsky Jacob , Nguyen Quang-De , Pericoli Giulia , Madlener Sibylle , Mayr Lisa , Dorfer Christian , Geyeregger Rene , Ricken Gerda , Ligon Keith , Alexandrescu Sanda , Agnihotri Sameer , Eisenstat David , Carceller Fernando , Stapleton Simon , Bleil Cristina , Mastronuzzi Angela , Cole Kristina , Waanders Angela , Carcaboso Angel Montero , Schüller Ulrich , Vinci Maria , Hargrave Darren , Haberler Christine , Slavc Irene , Gojo Johannes , Monje Michelle , Jones Chris , Filbin Mariella 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3G34R/V-mutant (DHG-H3G34), are uniformly lethal malignancies with currently no targeted therapies available. They exclusively occur in the cerebral hemispheres of adolescents and young adults, and have been linked to a distinct interneuronal lineage of origin. The developmental spectrum and functional role of this interneuronal lineage in DHG-H3G34 remain incompletely understood. Here, through integrating bulk and single-cell multi-omics with genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens, we resolve a putative cellular hierarchy that follows a continuum of interneuronal lineage development, ranging from a self-renewing progenitor-like cell to a more differentiated cell resembling early immature GABAergic interneurons, along with quiescent astrocyte-like and mesenchymal-like cells. We validate these single-cell states in patient DHG-H3G34 tissue sections by multiplexed immunofluorescence, and describe spatial structures that resemble nests of early migratory interneurons surrounded by progenitor cells, characteristic of human embryonal interneuron development. Intriguingly, we reveal the majority of CRISPR-Cas9 screen-derived gene dependencies are upregulated in interneuronal lineage tumor cells, specifically in less differentiated progenitor-like cells, highlighting these as a driver of DHG-H3G34. We validate the essentiality of these interneuronal lineage associated targets in patient-derived in vitro and in vivo models, and highlight CDK6 as a druggable target selectively upregulated in DHG-H3G34. Inhibition of CDK6 leads to a decrease of undifferentiated progenitor-like signatures, reduced tumor growth, and prolonged survival of patient-derived xenograft models. Encouraged by these findings, we treated a patient upon a second relapse of a DHG-H3G34 with ribociclib on a compassionate use basis, who, as of the time of submission, has shown stable disease within four cycles of ribociclib treatment after progression on PCV chemotherapy. In sum, we reveal CDK6 inhibition as a rationally informed and clinically actionable therapeutic avenue that selectively perturbs the unique interneuronal lineage in DHG-H3G34, paving the way for rapid clinical translation.