bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced elasticity in magnesium nanoparticle reinforced acrylic elastomer
Authors: Saedi Soheil , Blissett Stephen , Raji Hatim , Hesabizadeh Tina , Osterlin Ben , Guisbiers Grégory 
Published: July 2023

AbstractElastomers are highly potential materials for shock absorption, cushioning, and similar applications. However, for most elastomers, poor strength limits their application. Compounding nanoparticles in the polymer matrix have been vastly explored to improve mechanical strength or introduce electrical, thermal, optical, and magnetic properties to the polymer. However, poor dispersion of nanoparticles in polymer mixture has remained a challenge in nanocomposite production. This study presents a unique approach to improving particle dispersion as well as designing ultra‐soft, light, cost‐effective, and highly compressible nanocomposite elastomers. To this end, magnesium nanoparticles were fabricated by pulsed laser ablation in a non‐ionic surfactant (Triton X‐100) and the mixture was added to an acrylic base polymer chain to design the nanocomposite elastomer. Various nanocomposites were manufactured using different ratios of surfactant and nanoparticle mixtures. The mechanical and optical properties of the composites were investigated. The nanocomposite containing the largest amount of Triton X‐100 and magnesium nanoparticles displayed beyond 50% compressive deformation under only 0.4 MPa load and light absorbance was enhanced in the UV–visible region of the spectra.Highlights
Pure Mg nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by PLAL in undiluted Triton X‐100.
Nanocomposites displayed very high deformation capacity under small loading.
Nanoparticles dispersed in surfactant led to a uniform particle distribution.
Absorbance enhanced by surfactant and Mg nanoparticle in UV–visible region.
Elasticity modulus tailored up to 60% by surfactant and nanoparticle addition.
Insecticidal efficacy and possibility of Combretum trifoliatum Vent. (Myrtales: Combretaceae) extracts in controlling Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Changkeb Veeravat , Nobsathian Saksit , Le Goff Gaelle , Coustau Christine , Bullangpoti Vasakorn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is an important pest of agronomical crops. It is interesting to discover secondary metabolites in plants that are environmentally safer than synthetic pesticides. For this purpose, Combretum trifoliatum crude extract and its isolated compounds were investigated for their insecticidal activities against S. frugiperda.RESULTSThe median lethal dose (LD50) was evaluated in the second‐instar larvae using the topical application method. The isolated compounds, apigenin and camphor, demonstrated a highly toxic effect on larvae at a lower LD50 dose than crude extract. Moreover, when the larvae were exposed to crude extract concentrations, the development to pupa and adult stages was reduced by more than 50%. The ovicidal toxicity was examined using a hand sprayer. The extract concentration 5, 10, and 20 μg/egg significantly decreased the egg hatchability. In addition, crude extract showed a significant difference in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity while crude extract and camphor showed significant inhibitory effects on carboxylesterase (CE) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) activities.CONCLUSIONThe crude ethanol extract of Combretum trifoliatum was toxic to S. frugiperda in terms of larval mortality, negatively affecting biological parameters, and decreasing egg hatchability. Additionally, the activities of cholinergic and detoxifying enzymes were affected by crude extract and its isolated compounds. These results highlight that Combretum trifoliatum might be efficient as a bioinsecticide to control S. frugiperda. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Achieving High Fill Factor in Efficient P‐i‐N Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Junwei , Zhao Chenyu , Yuan Jianyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made unprecedented progress, exhibiting great potential for commercialization. Among them, inverted p‐i‐n PSCs provide outstanding compatibility with flexible substrates, more importantly, with silicon (Si) bottom devices for higher efficiency perovskite‐Si tandem solar cells. However, even with recently obtained efficiency over 25%, the investigation of inverted p‐i‐n PSCs is still behind the n‐i‐p counterpart so far. Recent progress has demonstrated that the fill factor (FF) in inverted PSCs currently still underperforms relative to open‐circuit voltage and short‐circuit current density, which requires an in‐depth understanding of the mechanism and further research. In this review article, the recent advancements in high FF inverted PSCs by adopting the approaches of interfacial optimization, precursor engineering as well as fabrication techniques to minimize undesirable recombination are summarized. Insufficient carrier extraction and transport efficiency are found to be the main factors that hinder the current FF of inverted PSCs. In addition, insights into the main factors limiting FF and strategies for minimizing series resistance in inverted PSCs are presented. The continuous efforts dedicated to the FF of high‐performance inverted devices may pave the way toward commercial applications of PSCs in the near future.
Bacteriosynthetic Degradable Tranexamic Acid‐Functionalized Short Fibers for Inhibiting Invisible Hemorrhage
Authors: Bao Luhan , Zhang Zhiqiang , Li Xiaoxiao , Zhang Lei , Tian Hua , Zhao Minwei , Ye Tingjun , Cui Wenguo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCurrent research on hemostatic materials have focused on the inhibition of visible hemorrhage, however, invisible hemorrhage is the unavoidable internal bleeding that occurs after trauma or surgery, leading directly to a dramatic drop in hemoglobin and then to anemia and even death. In this study, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) was synthesized and oxidized from the primary alcohols to carboxyl groups, and then grafted with tranexamic acid through amide bonds to construct degradable nanoscale short fibers (OBNC‐TXA), which rapidly activated the coagulation response. The hemostatic material is made up of nanoscale short fibers that can be constructed into different forms such as emulsions, gels, powders, and sponges to meet different clinical applications. In the hemostatic experiments in vitro, the composites had significantly superior pro‐coagulant properties due to the rapid aggregation of blood cells. In the coagulation experiments with rat tail amputation and liver trauma hemorrhage models, the group treated with OBNC‐TXA1 sponge showed low hemorrhage and inhibited invisible hemorrhage in rectus abdominis muscle defect hemorrhage models, with a rapid recovery of hemoglobin values from 128±5.5 to 165±2.6 g L−1 within 4 days. In conclusion, the degradable short fibers constructed from bacterial nano‐cellulose achieved inhibition of invisible hemorrhage in vivo.
Revealing the Role of Active Fillers in Li‐ion Conduction of Composite Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Xue Shida , Chen Shiming , Fu Yanda , Zhu Hengyao , Ji Yuchen , Song Yongli , Pan Feng , Yang Luyi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractComposite solid electrolytes (CSEs) consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix and active inorganic fillers have shown great potential for practical applications. However, mechanisms of how different active fillers enhance ion transport in CSEs still remain inconclusive. In this work, the component dependencies of ionic conductivity of PEO‐based CSEs are investigated by comparing two widely investigated active fillers: NASICON‐type (LATP) and garnet‐type (LLZTO). In terms of ionic conductivity, the optimum ratios are strikingly different for LLZTO (10 wt%) and LATP (50 wt%). Through experimental and computational studies, it is demonstrated that the high affinity between LATP and PEO facilitates unhindered interfacial Li+ transfer so that LATP functions as a bulk‐active filler to provide additional inorganic ion pathways. By contrast, Li+ transfer between LLZTO and PEO is found to be sluggish. Instead, LLZTO mainly improves ionic conductivity by dissociating lithium salt, making it a surface‐active filler. Through categorizing active fillers based on their Li+ conductive mechanisms, this work provides new understanding and guidelines for componential design and optimization of solid composite electrolytes.
Serum C‐reactive protein concentrations in dogs with structural and idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Mahon Elizabeth K. , Williams Tim L. , Alves Lisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundC‐reactive protein (CRP) is an acute‐phase protein produced by the liver during systemic inflammation. In humans, some epilepsies are associated with increased serum CRP (sCRP) concentrations, but this has yet to be proven in veterinary studies. Dogs with structural epilepsy (SE) and normal interictal neurological examination are hard to distinguish from dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) without the use of advanced imaging.MethodsThe study included eight dogs with SE and 12 dogs with IE from a referral hospital population. This was a retrospective observational cohort study. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the sCRP concentrations within 24 hours of the last epileptic seizure between dogs with SE or IE.ResultsDogs with SE had higher sCRP concentrations than dogs with IE (8.9 [range <2.2–53.2] mg/L vs. <2.2 [range <2.2–6.9] mg/L; p = 0.043). Five of the eight (62%) dogs with SE had an sCRP concentration above the reference interval, compared with none of the 12 dogs with IE.LimitationsThe small sample size was the major limitation of this study. Other inflammatory causes were also not exclusively ruled out, although further clinical investigations were not indicated.ConclusionsThis study found that sCRP concentrations were higher in this cohort of dogs with SE than in those with IE. Further studies with larger cohorts of dogs are warranted to validate if sCRP can be used as an additional biomarker for SE.
Value of [68Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 PET imaging in acute coronary syndrome complicated by suspected gastrointestinal malignancies
Authors: Ying Mingzhen , Yang Qinqin , Xu Xudong , Wu Shengyong , Yin Wei , Liang Siyu , Pan Guixia , Zuo Changjing , Guo Zhifu , Cheng Chao , Liu Suxuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarly diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is often delayed. The present study aims to demonstrate the value of [68Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 PET imaging in ACS with suspected gastrointestinal malignancies. Twelve ACS patients with suspected gastrointestinal malignancies were enrolled, including ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (n = 5), non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (n = 5), and unstable angina (UA) (n = 2). All patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and [68Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 PET/MR or PET/CT within 1 week. All five STEMI and five NSTEMI patients had high [68Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 uptake in the injured myocardium compared to remote area (TBR: 2.10 ± 0.72 vs. 0.62 ± 013; p < .001), correlated with peak cTnI level (R = .82, p = .004). No [68Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 in the myocardium was found in UA patients. NSTEMI displayed a similar myocardial [68Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 intensity as STEMI (p = .42). Compared with STEMI, NSTEMI patients had a significantly delayed door‐to‐balloon time for reperfusion treatment (p = .023). High uptake of [68Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 in the gastrointestinal tract was detected in three patients. Because of no myocardial [68Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 expression, they discontinued antiplatelet therapy and underwent endoscopy. The rectal, colon, and gastric cancer diagnoses were made by biopsy. The other nine patients showed no accumulation of [68Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 beyond the heart, and invasive tumor examinations were delayed. During a median 6‐month follow‐up, no tumor formation was observed. [68Ga]Ga‐FAPI‐04 PET imaging is valuable to assess injured myocardium, detect tumors, and guide invasive examinations in ACS patients with suspected gastrointestinal malignancies.
Two-loop corrections to Lamb shift and hyperfine splitting in hydrogen via multi-loop methods
Authors: Krachkov Petr A. , Lee Roman N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We revisit the contributions of order α2(Zα)5m and α2(Zα)EF, respectively, to the Lamb shift and to the hyperfine splitting from mixed self-energy-vacuum-polarization diagrams, involving fermionic loop. We use modern multi-loop calculation techniques based on IBP reduction and differential equations. We construct the ϵ-regular basis [1] and explicitly demonstrate that it is compatible with the renormalization. We obtain analytic results in terms of one-fold integral involving elliptic function and dilogarithm. As a by-product, we obtain the analogous contribution for the limiting cases of heavy and light fermionic loop.
Collagen VI sustains cell stemness and chemotherapy resistance in glioblastoma
Authors: Cescon Matilde , Rampazzo Elena , Bresolin Silvia , Da Ros Francesco , Manfreda Lorenzo , Cani Alice , Della Puppa Alessandro , Braghetta Paola , Bonaldo Paolo , Persano Luca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicroenvironmental factors are known fundamental regulators of the phenotype and aggressiveness of glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal brain tumor, characterized by fast progression and marked resistance to treatments. In this context, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is known to heavily influence the behavior of cancer cells from several origins, contributing to stem cell niches, influencing tumor invasiveness and response to chemotherapy, mediating survival signaling cascades, and modulating inflammatory cell recruitment. Here, we show that collagen VI (COL6), an ECM protein widely expressed in both normal and pathological tissues, has a distinctive distribution within the GBM mass, strongly correlated with the most aggressive and phenotypically immature cells. Our data demonstrate that COL6 sustains the stem-like properties of GBM cells and supports the maintenance of an aggressive transcriptional program promoting cancer cell proliferation and survival. In particular, we identified a specific subset of COL6-transcriptionally co-regulated genes, required for the response of cells to replicative stress and DNA damage, supporting the concept that COL6 is an essential stimulus for the activation of GBM cell response and resistance to chemotherapy, through the ATM/ATR axis. Altogether, these findings indicate that COL6 plays a pivotal role in GBM tumor biology, exerting a pleiotropic action across different GBM hallmarks, including phenotypic identity and gene transcription, as well as response to treatments, thus providing valuable information for the understanding of the complex microenvironmental cues underlying GBM malignancy.
SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA therapy in type 1 diabetes and reno-vascular outcomes: a real-world study
Authors: Anson Matthew , Zhao Sizheng S. , Austin Philip , Ibarburu Gema H. , Malik Rayaz A. , Alam Uazman 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Insulin is the primary treatment for type 1 diabetes. However, alternative glucose-lowering therapies are used adjunctively, but importantly are off-label in type 1 diabetes. Little work has previously been undertaken to evaluate safety with long-term efficacy and cardio-renal benefits of such therapies. We sought to investigate the real-world impact of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) therapy in individuals with type 1 diabetes in relation to effect on blood glucose levels, adverse events and cardio-renal outcomes.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients aged 18 or over with type 1 diabetes on the TriNetX platform, a global collaborative network providing access to real-time, anonymised medical records. We included patients who had been treated with an SGLT2i or GLP-1 RA for at least 6 months and analysed the efficacy, safety and cardio-renal outcomes 5 years after initiation of therapy.

Results
We identified 196,691 individuals with type 1 diabetes, 13% of whom were treated with adjunctive glucose-lowering therapy in addition to insulin. Included in the core analysis were 1822 patients treated with a GLP-1 RA and 992 individuals treated with an SGLT2i. Both agents provided clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c (−2.6 mmol/mol [−0.2%] with SGLT2i and −5.4 mmol/mol [−0.5%] with GLP-1 RA). The SGLT2i treated cohort showed preservation of eGFR over a 5-year period compared with the GLP-1 RA treated cohort (+3.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 vs −7.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively), including patients with established chronic kidney disease (CKD). The SGLT2i treated cohort experienced higher rates of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (RR 2.08 [95% CI 1.05, 4.12] p=0.0309) and urinary tract infection/pyelonephritis (RR 2.27 [95% CI 1.12, 4.55] p=0.019) compared with the GLP-1 RA treated cohort. However, the SGLT2i treated cohort were less likely to develop heart failure (RR 0.44 [95% CI 0.23, 0.83] p=0.0092), CKD (RR 0.49 [95% CI 0.28, 0.86] p=0.0118) and be hospitalised for any cause (RR 0.59 [95% CI 0.46, 0.76] p≤0.0001) when compared with the GLP-1 RA treated cohort.

Conclusions/interpretation
Both SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs have potential benefits as adjunctive agents in type 1 diabetes. SGLT2is provide cardio-renal benefits, despite an increase in the risk of DKA and urinary tract infection compared with GLP-1 RA therapy. Long-term evaluation of the efficacy and safety of these adjunctive therapies is required to guide their use in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Notwendigkeit von SOPs am Beispiel der postpartalen Hämorrhagie
Authors: Brun Romana 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie postpartale Blutung stellt eine Notfallsituation in der Geburtshilfe dar und ist immer noch eine der häufigsten Ursachen für mütterliche Morbidität und Mortalität weltweit. Verschiedene Analysen der schwangerschaftsassoziierten Todesfälle konnten im Nachhinein darstellen, dass ein Drittel bis ein Viertel vermeidbar gewesen wäre, z. B.: durch Verbesserung der sog. nichttechnischen Fertigkeiten. Unter dem Begriff „standard operating procedure“ (SOP oder auch standardisierte Vorgehensweisen) versteht man ein allgemeingültiges, standardisiertes Vorgehen von Abläufen in kritischen Bereichen wie in der Medizin. Viele internationale Fachgesellschaften fordern festgelegte Vorgehensweisen zur Verbesserung der Qualität zur Bewältigung der postpartalen Blutung. Die Implementierung von SOP ist deshalb ein wichtiger Grundpfeiler für den Erfolg der Behandlung der postpartalen Blutung. Es sollte zudem auch eine Plattform geben zu Repetition und Trainings dieser Vorgehensweisen.
Revisiting the conservativity of fixpoints over intuitionistic arithmetic
Authors: Granberg Olsson Mattias , Leigh Graham E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel proof of the conservativity of the intuitionistic theory of strictly positive fixpoints, $$\widehat{{\textrm{ID}}}{}_{1}^{{\textrm{i}}}{}$$

ID
^

1

i

, over Heyting arithmetic ($${\textrm{HA}}$$
HA
), originally proved in full generality by Arai (Ann Pure Appl Log 162:807–815, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apal.2011.03.002). The proof embeds $$\widehat{{\textrm{ID}}}{}_{1}^{{\textrm{i}}}{}$$

ID
^

1

i

into the corresponding theory over Beeson’s logic of partial terms and then uses two consecutive interpretations, a realizability interpretation of this theory into the subtheory generated by almost negative fixpoints, and a direct interpretation into Heyting arithmetic with partial terms using a hierarchy of satisfaction predicates for almost negative formulae. It concludes by applying van den Berg and van Slooten’s result (Indag Math 29:260–275, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indag.2017.07.009) that Heyting arithmetic with partial terms plus the schema of self realizability for arithmetic formulae is conservative over $${\textrm{HA}}$$
HA
.
Simulation of machining behaviour of two-phase brittle materials during grinding by modelling single-grain scratching using a combination of FE and SPH methods
Authors: Dehmer Alexander , Prinz Sebastian , Breuer Peter , Barth Sebastian , Bergs Thomas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTwo-phase, brittle-hard materials are widely used not only in the tool industry but also increasingly in the aerospace industry. Due to the two-phase nature, the materials have unique material properties adapted to the respective application. But the material properties also lead to challenging machinability. Therefore, two-phase, brittle-hard materials are mostly ground. The analogy process of single-grain scratching is used to analyse the material removal behaviour and design the grinding process. Since single-grain scratching is time-consuming and costly, it is desirable to substitute the analogy process with numerical simulation. This paper discusses the suitability of the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) simulation method in combination with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for single-grain scratching of two-phase, brittle-hard materials. The approach is validated using the examples of tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) cemented carbides and Silicon carbide fibre-reinforced silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) ceramics. For both applications, the material removal behaviour was optically analysed and in good agreement with the experimental results and theoretical assumptions. For SiC/SiC ceramics, several surface phenomena could be identified in the simulation as well as in the experimental results. The scratching forces were compared qualitatively and were in good agreement with the experimental results for both applications.
Development and evaluation of a closed-loop z-axis control strategy for wire-and-arc-additive manufacturing using the process signal
Authors: Hölscher Lennart Vincent , Hassel Thomas , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWire-and-arc-additive manufacturing (WAAM) is an additive manufacturing technology with a high deposition rate. WAAM usually employs a layer wise build-up strategy. This makes it necessary to know the height of each deposited layer to determine the height the z-axis has to travel after each layer. Current bead geometry models (BGM) lead to variations, which can gradually accumulate over the layers. The present study focuses on the development of a closed-loop control system capable of keeping the contact tube working distance (CTWD) constant during short-circuit gas metal arc welding (GMAW) based WAAM. The algorithm calculates the CTWD based on the resistance during the short circuit. The closed-loop strategy is compared to an open-loop control strategy, which moves along a predefined height step after each layer. Using the proposed control strategy, WAAM becomes a fully automated process without the need for preliminary experiments to determine the height step. Only a short calibration slope is necessary for a complete closed-loop additive build-up. To study the influence of the control strategy on the workpiece the energy input, mechanical strength, microhardness, porosity, and microstructure were analyzed. It is shown that the CTWD of the open-loop deposited component increases slowly. Due to the novel control approach, this is prevented by the closed-loop control, while the mechanical strength and microhardness remain.