bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding carnivore interactions in a cold arid trans‐Himalayan landscape: What drives co‐existence patterns within predator guild along varying resource gradients?
Authors: Justa Priyanka , Lyngdoh Salvador 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPredators compete for resources aggressively, forming trophic hierarchies that shape the structure of an ecosystem. Competitive interactions between species are modified in the human‐altered environment and become particularly important where an introduced predator can have negative effects on native predator and prey species. The trans‐Himalayan region of northern India has seen significant development in tourism and associated infrastructure over the last two decades, resulting in many changes to the natural setting of the landscape. While tourism, combined with unmanaged garbage can facilitate red fox (Vulpes vulpes), it also allows free‐ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), an introduced mesopredator to thrive, possibly more than the native red fox. We look at the little‐known competitive dynamics of these two meso‐carnivores, as well as their intra‐guild interactions with the region's top carnivores, the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) and the Himalayan wolf (Canis lupus chanco). To study interactions between these four carnivores, we performed multispecies occupancy modeling and analyzed spatiotemporal interactions between these predators using camera trap data. We also collected scat samples to calculate dietary niche overlaps and determine the extent of competition for food resources between these carnivores. The study found that, after controlling for habitat and prey covariates, red fox site use was related positively to snow leopard site use, but negatively to dog and wolf site use. In addition, site use of the dog was associated negatively with top predators, that is, snow leopard and Himalayan wolf, while top predators themselves related negatively in their site use. As anthropogenic impacts increase, we find that these predators coexist in this resource‐scarce landscape through dietary or spatiotemporal segregation, implying competition for limited resources. Our research adds to the scant ecological knowledge of the predators in the region and improves our understanding of community dynamics in human‐altered ecosystems.
Snow and vegetation seasonality influence seasonal trends of leaf nitrogen and biomass in Arctic tundra
Authors: Kelsey Katharine C. , Højlund Pedersen Stine , Leffler A. Joshua , Sexton Joseph O. , Welker Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change, including both increasing temperatures and changing snow regimes, is progressing rapidly in the Arctic, leading to changes in plant phenology and in the seasonal patterns of plant properties, such as tissue nitrogen (N) content and community aboveground biomass. However, significant knowledge gaps remain over how these seasonal patterns vary among Arctic plant functional groups (i.e., shrubs, grasses, and forbs) and across large geographical areas. We used three years of in situ field vegetation sampling from an 80,000‐km2 area in Arctic Alaska, remotely sensed vegetation data (daily normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]), and modeled output of snow‐free date to determine and model the seasonal trends and primary controls on leaf percent nitrogen and biomass (in grams per square meter) among Arctic vegetation functional groups. We determined relative vegetation phenology stage at a 500‐m spatial scale resolution, defined as the number of days between the date of the seasonal maximum NDVI and the vegetation field sampling date, and relative snow phenology stage (90‐m spatial scale) was determined as the number of days between the date of snow‐free ground and the sampling date. Models including relative phenology stage were particularly important for explaining seasonal variability of %N in shrubs, graminoids, and forbs. Similarly, vegetation and snow phenology stages were also important for modeling seasonal biomass of shrubs and graminoids; however, for all functional groups, the models explained only a small amount of seasonal variability in biomass. Relative phenology stage was a stronger predictor of %N and biomass than geographic position, indicating that localized controls on phenology, acting at spatial scales of 500 m and smaller, are critical to understanding %N and biomass.
Triethylamine‐Mediated Transformation of Phosphonates into Phosphonamidates
Authors: Backx Simon , Dejaegere Andreas , Simoens Andreas , Van de Poel Jef , Krasowska Dorota , Stevens Christian V. , Mangelinckx Sven 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds such as phosphonamidates are gaining attention across different fields of chemistry, with interesting applications as pharmaceuticals, or pesticides. However, practical application of phosphonamidates is complicated by their difficult syntheses which often involve expensive or unstraightforward reagents and harsh conditions. To remedy these issues, we present a flexible, room temperature synthesis for novel P‐alkylphosphonamidates without the need for intermediary purification. Commonly available phosphonates are first chlorinated by use of oxalyl chloride and phosphonylaminium salts are used to mediate the harsh reactivity of phosphonochloridates, giving rise to the desired products. We demonstrate the compatibility of our protocol with primary and secondary amines, as well as with different phosphonate esters. The proposed pathway also enables the synthesis of primary phosphonamidates using ammonium acetate as a cheap and safe alternative for ammonia. In future research, this protocol will also enable the synthesis of bioactive targets that are incompatible with current protocols.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reaction of Isocyanoacetates withN‐(2‐Benzothiazolyl)imines
Authors: Yang Ting , Yan Shuang , Yu Zhe‐Jia , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Shi Min , Zhao Mei‐Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of directly linked benzothiazole‐dihydroimidazoles with two adjacent tertiary‐quaternary stereocenters through a Mannich‐type reaction of isocyanoacetates withN‐(2‐benzothiazolyl)imines is disclosed. When employing bifunctional dihydroquinine‐derived squaramide as catalyst, moderate to excellent yields (up to 97 % yield), moderate diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99 % ee) were obtained for a variety of substrates. In addition, the transformation of the resulted directly linked benzothiazole‐dihydroimidazole into highly functionalized α,β‐diamino esters was also demonstrated.
Evaluation of typology‐specific fragility curves used for risk‐targeted seismic demand maps in regions of low seismicity: A German case‐study
Authors: Clemett Nicholas , Rapps Clarissa , Gündel Max 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvestigations of risk targeted peak ground acceleration (PGA) maps for European countries typically adopt a single generic fragility curve definition. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of typology‐specific fragility curves in the derivation of risk‐targeted PGA maps in low seismicity regions. This study differs from previous works in that it derives expressions for the relationship between design PGA and the median collapse capacity for several different structural typologies designed according to European standards, namely, reinforced concrete (RC) moment‐resisting frames (MRFs), reinforced concrete wall and dual systems, and steel MRFs. The expressions were determined from the regression analysis of a database of fragility curve parameters collected from the literature. The influence of the different typology‐specific fragility functions on the derivation of risk‐targeted seismic maps in regions of low seismicity, using Germany as a case‐study, is discussed. The key findings of this study are as follows: the fragility curves derived using the database possess significant inherent lateral capacity; the consideration of this inherent lateral capacity implies the reduction of the regions where seismic design is compulsory; and that fragility curves adapted from fragility analyses from structures in the US may not be representative of European structures. Recommendations for the direction of future research include focusing primarily on improving the definition of the typology‐specific fragility curves; developing fragility curves for modern IMs such as average spectral acceleration; and investigating the use of typology‐specific curves in regions of high seismicity.
Emotional non‐acceptance mediates the relationship between insecure attachment and specific psychopathology in women with eating disorders
Authors: Cascino Giammarco , Ceres Rossella , Donato Sara , Barone Eugenia , Tretola Lucia , Del Vecchio Angelica , Monteleone Palmiero , Monteleone Alessio Maria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveInsecure attachment is considered a general risk factor for eating disorders (ED). Emotion dysregulation has been proposed as one of the possible mechanisms by which attachment insecurity may affect ED psychopathology. Aim of the present study was to investigate whether difficulties in acceptance of emotions or emotional clarity may mediate the connection between insecure attachment and ED psychopathology.MethodOne hundred and twenty patients participated and completed the Italian version of Eating Disorder Inventory‐2, Experience in Close Relationship questionnaire and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. A mediator path model was performed, in which insecure attachment dimensions were set as independent variables, ED specific psychopathology measures as dependent variables, and non‐acceptance of emotion and lack of emotional clarity as mediators.ResultsThe association between both attachment avoidance and anxiety and ED specific symptoms was mediated by emotional non‐acceptance, but not by emotional clarity.ConclusionsThis study showed the importance to address emotion regulation in individuals with ED, focussing on improving emotional acceptance. Exploring early developmental processes which lead to non‐acceptance of emotions could improve this psychological trait in people with ED.
Ensemble learning‐based channel estimation and hybrid precoding for millimeter‐wave massive multiple input multiple output system
Authors: Navabharat Reddy G. , C.V Ravikumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMillimeter‐Wave (mmWave) massive Multi‐User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU‐MIMO) utilizes the hybrid analog precoding design helps to minimize the amount of Radio‐Frequency (RF) chains without causing loss of sum‐rate performance. The Channel Estimation (CE) is designed to demand the conditions of channels with high time‐varying features. The existing CE frameworks are extremely complex. The accurate CE is still challenging in mmWave massive MIMO system based on the hardware constraints, a maximum number of antennas, and so on. Various proficient algorithms were combined to yield reliable channel estimates. The mmWave massive MIMO system utilizes hybrid precoding to minimize energy consumption loss and reduce hardware complexity. The fully connected layer in hybrid precoding results in high energy efficiency loss. This proposed work aims to develop two ensemble deep learning models for CE and hybrid precoding of the “mmWave massive MIMO system.” Here, the estimation of the channel is performed by a “deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN).” With the reconstructed channel, the hybrid precoding phase is performed by deep CNN with AdaBoost. The performance of CE and hybrid precoding is improved with Self Adaptive Searched Galactic Swarm Optimization (SAS‐GSO) by attaining the maximum spectral efficiency and also minimizing the Normalized Mean‐Squared Error (NMSE). Hence, the simulation result is shown that the proposed model achieves enhanced performance. Throughout the analysis, at the 20th iteration, the SAS‐GSO‐ensemble approach gives a lower NMSE rate, which is 31%, 25.9%, 20%, 19.6%, 19.3%, 18.6%, and 18.3% superior to OMP‐Ensemble, AMP‐Ensemble, DLCS‐Ensemble, DGMP‐Ensemble, QALS‐Ensemble, DLQP‐Ensemble, and CSO‐Ensemble, respectively, for hybrid precoding. Therefore, the offered mmWave massive MIMO is achieved better performance regarding diverse error metrics.
Challenges for Hybrid Water Electrolysis to Replace the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on an Industrial Scale
Authors: Kahlstorf Till , Hausmann J. Niklas , Sontheimer Tobias , Menezes Prashanth W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo enable a future society based on sun and wind energy, transforming electricity into chemical energy in the form of fuels is crucial. This transformation can be achieved in an electrolyzer performing water splitting, where at the anode, water is oxidized to oxygen—oxygen evolution reaction (OER)—to produce protons and electrons that can be combined at the cathode to form hydrogen—hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). While hydrogen is a desired fuel, the obtained oxygen has no economic value. A techno‐economically more suitable alternative is hybrid water electrolysis, where value‐added oxidation reactions of abundant organic feedstocks replace the OER. However, tremendous challenges remain for the industrial‐scale application of hybrid water electrolysis. Herein, these challenges, including the higher kinetic overpotentials of organic oxidation reactions compared to the OER, the small feedstock availably and product demand of these processes compared to the HER (and carbon dioxide reduction), additional purifications costs, and electrocatalytic challenges to meet the industrially required activities, selectivities, and especially long‐term stabilities are critically discussed. It is anticipated that this perspective helps the academic research community to identify industrially relevant research questions concerning hybrid water electrolysis.
Health facility delivery and early initiation of breastfeeding: Cross‐sectional survey of 11 sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Ameyaw Edward K. , Adde Kenneth S. , Paintsil Jones A. , Dickson Kwamena S. , Oladimeji Olanrewaju , Yaya Sanni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsEarly initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) remains one of the promising interventions for preventing neonatal and child deaths. EIB is positively associated with healthcare delivery or childbirth. Meanwhile, no study in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) appears to have investigated the relationship between health facility delivery and EIB; thus, we assessed the correlation between health facility delivery and EIB.MethodsWe used data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 64,506 women from 11 SSA countries. The outcome variable was whether the respondent had early breastfeeding or not. Two logistic regression models were used in the inferential analysis. With a 95% confidence interval (CI), the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for each variable were calculated. The data set was stored, managed, and analyzed using Stata version 13.ResultsThe overall percentage of women who initiated early breastfeeding was 59.22%. Rwanda recorded the highest percentage of early initiation of breastfeeding (86.34%), while Gambia recorded the lowest (39.44%). The adjusted model revealed a significant association between health facility delivery and EIB (aOR = 1.80, CI = 1.73–1.87). Compared with urban women, rural women had higher likelihood of initiating early breastfeeding (aOR = 1.22, CI = 1.16–1.27). Women with a primary education (aOR = 1.26, CI = 1.20–1.32), secondary education (aOR = 1.12, CI = 1.06–1.17), and higher (aOR = 1.13, CI = 1.02–1.25), all had higher odds of initiating early breastfeeding. Women with the richest wealth status had the highest odds of initiating early breastfeeding as compared to the poorest women (aOR = 1.33, CI = 1.23–1.43).ConclusionBased on our findings, we strongly advocate for the integration of EIB policies and initiatives with healthcare delivery advocacy. Integration of these efforts can result in drastic reduction in infant and child mortality. Essentially, Gambia and other countries with a lower proclivity for EIB must reconsider their current breastfeeding interventions and conduct the necessary reviews and modifications that can lead to an increase in EIB.
Increased expression of CSF1 in patients with eosinophilic asthma
Authors: Du Lijuan , Tang Lu , Xiao Lisha , Tang Kun , Zeng Zhimin , Liang Yuxia , Guo Yubiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe link between colony‐stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and asthma was reported recently. However, the role and mechanism of CSF1 in asthma remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression and its potential mechanism of CSF1 in asthma.MethodsCSF1 expression in the airway samples from asthmatics and healthy controls were examined, then the correlations between CSF1 and eosinophilic indicators were analyzed. Subsequently, bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS‐2B) with CSF1 overexpression and knockdown were constructed to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of CSF1. Finally, the effect of CSF1R inhibitor on STAT1 was investigated.ResultsThe expression of CSF1 was significantly increased in patients with asthma compared to healthy controls, especially in patients with severe and eosinophilic asthma. Upregulated CSF1 positively correlated with airway‐increased eosinophil inflammation. In vitro, cytokines interleukin 13 (IL‐13) and IL‐33 can stimulate the upregulation of CSF1 expression. CSF1 overexpression enhanced p‐CSF1R/CSF1R and p‐STAT1/STAT1 expression, while knockdown CSF1 using anti‐CSF1 siRNAs decreased p‐CSF1R/CSF1R and p‐STAT1/STAT1 expression. Furthermore, the inhibitor of CSF1R significantly decreased p‐STAT1/STAT1 expression.ConclusionsSputum CSF1 may be involved in asthmatic airway eosinophil inflammation by interacting with CSF1R and further activating the STAT1 signaling. Interfering this potential pathway could serve as an anti‐inflammatory therapy for asthma.
CRISPR/Cas9 for hepatitis B virus infection treatment
Authors: Cai Bo , Chang Shixue , Tian Yuhan , Zhen Shuai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health challenge. Despite the availability of effective preventive vaccines, millions of people are at risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current drug therapies inhibit viral replication, slow the progression of liver fibrosis and reduce infectivity, but they rarely remove the covalently sealed circular DNA (cccDNA) of the virus that causes HBV persistence. Alternative treatment strategies, including those based on CRISPR/cas9 knockout virus gene, can effectively inhibit HBV replication, so it has a good prospect. During chronic infection, some virus gene knockouts based on CRISPR/cas9 may even lead to cccDNA inactivation. This paper reviews the progress of different HBV CRISPR/cas9, vectors for delivering to the liver, and the current situation of preclinical and clinical research.
Mixed attention and regularized COVID‐19 network: An approach to detection of COVID‐19 with chest x‐ray images
Authors: Das Dolly , Biswas Saroj Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Sivaji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has led to a global pandemic in the year 2020 and the cases are dynamically increasing and active all over the world. COVID‐19 is caused due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It is a human‐to‐human transmissible disease which has severely affected people especially with weaker immunity, and is detected through Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐PCR). RT‐PCR is a lethargic process and therefore intelligent systems are proposed which uses chest images for early detection of COVID‐19. This paper proposes a regularized and attentive intelligent system called ‘Mixed Attention & Regularized COVID‐19 Network (MARCOV19‐Net)’ for detection of COVID‐19 using chest X‐Ray images. The performance of MARCOV19‐Net is compared with VGG‐16, Regularized COVID‐19 Deep Convolutional Network (RCOV19‐DCNet) and Mixed Attention and unregularized COVID‐19 Network (MACOV19‐Net), and with other state‐of‐the‐art models. MARCOV19‐Net has achieved the highest F‐score, ROC and AUC of 98.76%, 99.4% and 99.6%, respectively.
A comparison of fixed and repetitive models to teach object imitation to children with autism
Authors: Halbur Mary , Preas Elizabeth , Carroll Regina , Judkins Madison , Rey Catalina , Crawford Mikayla 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA well‐established imitative repertoire can facilitate the acquisition of functional communication, social behaviors, and observational learning. Although early intensive behavioral intervention programs for young children with autism incorporate imitation training, learners with autism may exhibit difficulties in acquiring an imitative repertoire. Few studies have evaluated the types of models responsible for acquisition when teaching imitation to children with autism. A preliminary evaluation with fixed and repetitive model targets suggested that children with autism may acquire imitation more rapidly when taught with repetitive models (Deshais & Vollmer, 2020). The purpose of the current study was to compare the rates of acquisition when teaching with repetitive and fixed models for six children with autism. The findings suggested that (a) fixed models resulted in the most efficient acquisition for 10 of 16 comparisons, (b) fixed and repetitive models had similar efficacy for four comparisons, (c) and the repetitive condition was most efficient for two comparisons.
Companion animals and profiles of peer social behavior in adolescence
Authors: Halbreich Eli D. , Callina Kristina , King Erin K. , Mueller Megan K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionRelationships with companion animals have been associated with higher levels of prosocial behavior and lower levels of socioemotional difficulties for children and adolescents. Companion animals may be supportive of developing prosocial behavior in youth through practice with positive social interactions and the development of empathy and reciprocity skills. The goal of this study was to use a person‐centered approach to investigate if living with a pet (including pet species) is associated with profiles of adolescent peer social behaviors (i.e., prosocial, aggressive), and size of their peer network.MethodsThis study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®, a large, nationally representative data set of American adolescents.ResultsIn a cross‐sectional sample of 5218 adolescents, we found that youth clustered into four different distinct profiles of peer social behavior. Female youth living with dogs were less likely to be in the High Aggression profile as compared to youth without pets or youth with other types of pets. However, having a pet was not associated with whether youth were in the profiles characterized by prosocial behaviors or size of peer network.ConclusionsOverall, future research should explore how gender intersects with companion animal interactions—both in terms of frequency of interactions as well as relationship quality/emotional attachment—as well as examine these relationships over time to assess causality.