bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space Confinement to Regulate Ultrafine CoPt Nanoalloy for Reliable Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalyst in PEMFC
Authors: Zhu Weikang , Pei Yabiao , Liu Haotian , Yue Runfei , Ling Shilin , Zhang Junfeng , Liu Xin , Yin Yan , Guiver Michael D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA Co‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) derived catalyst with ultrafine CoPt nanoalloy particles is designed via a two‐step space confinement method, to achieve a robust oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The core–shell structure of ZIF‐67 (core) and SiO2 (shell) is carefully adjusted to inhibit the agglomeration of Co nanoparticles. In the subsequent adsorption−annealing process, the in situ formed graphene shell on the surface of Co nanoparticles further protects metal particles from coalescence, leading to the ultrafine CoPt nanoalloy (average diameter is 2.61 nm). Benefitting from the high utilization of Pt metal, the mass activity of CoPt nanoalloy catalyst reaches 681.8 mA mgPt−1 at 0.9 V versus RHE according to the rotating disk electrode test in 0.1 m HClO4 solution. The CoPt nanoalloy‐based PEMFC provides a high maximum power density of 2.22 W cm−2 (H2/O2) and 0.923 W cm−2 (H2/air). Simultaneously, it shows good stability in the long‐time dynamic test at low humidity, due to the robust CoPt@graphene core–shell nanostructure. This work provides a viable strategy for designing Pt‐based nanoalloy catalysts with ultrafine metal particles and high stability.
An Update on Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Where Challenge Meets Opportunity
Authors: Qin Yi , Ge Gaoran , Yang Peng , Wang Liangliang , Qiao Yusen , Pan Guoqing , Yang Huilin , Bai Jiaxiang , Cui Wenguo , Geng Dechun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOver the last decade, adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) have attracted increasing attention in the field of regenerative medicine. ADSCs appear to be the most advantageous cell type for regenerative therapies owing to their easy accessibility, multipotency, and active paracrine activity. This review highlights current challenges in translating ADSC‐based therapies into clinical settings and discusses novel strategies to overcome the limitations of ADSCs. To further establish ADSC‐based therapies as an emerging platform for regenerative medicine, this review also provides an update on the advancements in this field, including fat grafting, wound healing, bone regeneration, skeletal muscle repair, tendon reconstruction, cartilage regeneration, cardiac repair, and nerve regeneration. ADSC‐based therapies are expected to be more tissue‐specific and increasingly important in regenerative medicine.
Cancer Nanobombs Delivering Artoxplatin with a Polyigniter Bearing Hydrophobic Ferrocene Units Upregulate PD‐L1 Expression and Stimulate Stronger Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Gao Yongchao , Zhang Hanchen , Tang Lin , Li Feifei , Yang Li , Xiao Haihua , Karges Johannes , Huang Weihua , Zhang Wei , Liu Chaoyong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPoor immunogenicity seriously hampers the broader implementation of antitumor immunotherapy. Enhanced immunogenicity capable of achieving greater antitumor immunity is urgently required. Here, a novel polymer that contains hydrophobic ferrocene (Fc) units and thioketal bonds in the main chain, which further delivered a prodrug of oxaliplatin and artesunate, i.e., Artoxplatin, to cancer cells is described. This polymer with Fc units in the nanoparticle can work as a polyigniter to spark the peroxide bonds in Artoxplatin and generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cancers as nanobombig for cancer therapy. Moreover, ROS can trigger the breakdown of thioketal bonds in the polymer, resulting in the biodegradation of the polymer. Importantly, nanobombig can facilitate the maturation of dendritic cells and promote the activation of antitumor immunity, through the enhanced immunogenic cell death effect by ROS generated in situ. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis reveals a decrease in glutamine in nanobombig‐treated cancer cells, resulting in the upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1). Consequently, it is further demonstrated enhanced tumor inhibitory effects when using nanobombig combined with anti‐PD‐L1 therapy. Overall, the nanosystem offers a rational design of an efficient chemo‐immunotherapy regimen to promote antitumor immunity by improving tumor immunogenicity, addressing the key challenges cancer immunotherapy faced.
Fast One‐Step Fabrication of Highly Regular Microscrolls with Controllable Surface Morphology
Authors: Diem Achim M. , Bill Joachim , Burghard Zaklina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough rolling origami technology has provided convenient access to three‐dimensional (3D) microstructure systems, the high yield and scalable construction of complex rolling structures with well‐defined geometry without impeding functionality has remained challenging. The straightforward, one‐step fabrication that uses external mechanical stress to scroll micrometer thick, flexible planar films with centimeter lateral dimensions into tubular or spiral geometry within a few seconds is demonstrated. The method allows controlling the scrolls’ diameter, number of windings and nanostructured surface morphology, and is applicable to a wide range of functional materials. The obtained 3D structures are highly promising for various applications including sensors, actuators, microrobotics, as well as energy storage and electronic devices.
Mitigating Contact Loss in Li6PS5Cl‐Based Solid‐State Batteries Using a Thin Cationic Polymer Coating on NCM
Authors: Shi Bing‐Xuan , Yusim Yuriy , Sen Sudeshna , Demuth Thomas , Ruess Raffael , Volz Kerstin , Henss Anja , Richter Felix H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThiophosphate‐based solid‐state batteries (SSBs) with high‐nickel ternary cathode materials such as LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 (NCM) represent a promising next‐generation energy storage technology due to their expected high specific discharge capacity and improved safety. However, rapid capacity fading caused by contact loss through interphase and crack formation during cell cycling is a significant problem hindering stable SSB cycling and high‐energy‐density applications. In this work, a uniform coating of poly((4‐vinyl benzyl)trimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonylimide)) (PVBTA‐TFSI) on NCM is obtained via a spray‐drying process. This exceptionally thin cationic polymer coating of only 2–4 nm thickness on NCM helps stabilize the interface between NCM and the Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte (SE). Electrochemical tests confirm a significant improvement in long‐term cycling performance and active mass utilization compared to uncoated NCM. In addition, the polymer coating effectively suppresses the degradation of the NCM/SE interface, particularly the formation of oxygenated species, and reduces the extent of particle cracking. Overall, these results highlight a new approach to mitigate SSB degradation using a thin cationic polymer coating on NCM for SSBs.
Wood‐Derived, Monolithic Chainmail Electrocatalyst for Biomass‐Assisted Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Di , Li Zengyong , Chen Zhongxin , Shi Ge , Wang Lu , Chen Zehong , Tu Wenguang , Xia Ruidong , Iwuoha Emmanuel I. , Liu Chuanfu , Peng Xinwen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe chainmail catalyst by encapsulating an active species within the carbon support is a well‐established concept to endorse extraordinary stability for catalytic reactions under harsh conditions. Conventional chainmail catalysts inevitably suffer from poor accessibility to active sites, leading to extra voltage to compensate the sluggish diffusion kinetics in electrocatalysis. Herein, the naturally abundant wood material is converted into a monolithic chainmail electrocatalyst by encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles within N‐doped carbonized wood. Such a monolithic chainmail catalyst is employed directly as electrode for hydrogen evolution (HER), oxygen evolution (OER), and monosaccharide oxidation reactions (MOR) with benchmark performance. By coupling the HER with MOR, the electrolyzer equipped with the monolithic chainmail catalyst allows hydrogen production at a current density of 100 mA cm−2 with a full cell voltage of only 1.36 V. Such design of wood‐derived chainmail catalyst provides a promising way to fabricate robust electrocatalysts for future production of hydrogen and value‐added chemicals.
The influence of vegetation structure on sleeping site selection by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes)
Authors: Tédonzong Luc Roscelin Dongmo , Ndju'u Maxwell Bienvenu Mfula , Tchamba Martin , Angwafo Tsi Evaristus , Lens Luc , Tagg Nikki , Willie Jacob 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSleep is an important aspect of great ape life; these animals build sleeping platforms every night. In a community of chimpanzees, each subgroup selects a sleeping site where each individual builds a sleeping platform, mostly on a tree. Previous studies have measured the heights of sleeping platforms and sleeping trees to test the predation avoidance and thermoregulation hypotheses of sleeping site selection. However, it remains unclear how components of vegetation structure (vertical and horizontal) together determine the selection of sleeping sites by chimpanzees. Using botanical inventories around sleeping sites in a tropical rainforest of Cameroon, we found that chimpanzees preferentially sleep in trees measuring 40–50 cm in diameter. Regarding height, on average, sleeping trees measured 26 m and sleeping platforms were built at 16 m. To build sleeping platforms, chimpanzees preferred four tree species, which represent less than 3% of tree species in the study area. We demonstrate that the variation in abundance of tree species and the vertical and horizontal structure of the vegetation drive chimpanzee sleeping site selection. It was previously thought that preference for vegetation types was the driver of sleeping site selection in chimpanzees. However, results from this study indicate that the importance of vegetation types in sleeping site selection depends on their botanical characteristics including the variation in tree size, the abundance of all trees, the abundance of sleeping trees, and the occurrence of preferred sleeping tree species, which predict sleeping site selection. The height and diameter of trees are considered by chimpanzees when selecting a particular tree for sleeping and when selecting a site with a specific vertical structure. In addition to tree height, the abundance of smaller neighboring trees may also play a role in the chimpanzee antipredation strategy. Our results demonstrate that chimpanzees consider several vegetation parameters to establish sleeping sites.
Enantioselective Effect of Chiral Small Molecules in SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccine‐Induced Immune Response
Authors: Zhou Zhengmiao , Zhang Yufang , Ji Honghan , Jin Yu , Chen Sisi , Duan Pengfei , Liu Ye 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlthough numerous chiral small molecules have been discovered and synthesized, the investigation on their enantioselective immunological effects remains limited. In this study, we designed and synthesized a pair of small molecule enantiomers (R/S‐ResP) by covalently bonding two immunostimulators (resiquimod/Res) onto a planar chiral framework (paracyclophane/P). Notably, we found that S‐ResP exhibits a 4.05‐fold higher affinity for toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) than R‐ResP, thereby more effectively enhancing the functions of dendritic cells and macrophages in cytokine secretion and antigen internalization. Furthermore, we observed that S‐ResP significantly enhances RBD antigen‐induced cross‐neutralization against various SARS‐CoV‐2 strains compared to R‐ResP. These findings demonstrate the enantioselective effects of small molecules on regulating vaccine‐induced immune responses and emphasize the significance of chirality in designing small molecular adjuvants.
Controlled Grafting Expansion Microscopy
Authors: Thielhorn Ria , Heing‐Becker Isabelle , Hümpfer Nadja , Rentsch Jakob , Haag Rainer , Licha Kai , Ewers Helge 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) is a recently developed technique that allows for the resolution of structures below the diffraction limit by physically enlarging a hydrogel‐embedded facsimile of the biological sample. The target structure is labeled and this label must be retained in a relative position true to the original, smaller state before expansion by linking it into the gel. However, gel formation and digestion lead to a significant loss in target‐delivered label, resulting in weak signal. To overcome this problem, we have here developed an agent combining targeting, fluorescent labeling and gel linkage in a single small molecule. Similar approaches in the past have still suffered from significant loss of label. Here we show that this loss is due to insufficient surface grafting of fluorophores into the hydrogel and develop a solution by increasing the amount of target‐bound monomers. Overall, we obtain a significant improvement in fluorescence signal retention and our new dye allows the resolution of nuclear pores as ring‐like structures, similar to STED microscopy. We furthermore provide mechanistic insight into dye retention in ExM.
An ortho‐Quinone Methide Mediates Disulfide Migration in the Biosynthesis of Epidithiodiketopiperazines
Authors: Fan Jie , Ran Huomiao , Wei Peng‐Lin , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Huan , Li Shu‐Ming , Yin Wen‐Bing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe transannular disulfide functions as a key structural element imparting diverse biological activities to epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETPs). Although mechanisms were proposed in previous studies, α,β′‐disulfide formation in ETPs is not well‐determined owing to the failure to identify the hypothetical intermediate. Herein, we characterize the key ortho‐quinone methide (o‐QM) intermediate and prove its involvement in the carbon‐sulfur migration from an α,α′‐ to an α,β′‐disulfide by elucidating pretrichodermamide A biosynthesis, which is catalyzed by a FAD‐dependent thioredoxin oxygenase TdaE harboring a noncanonical CXXQ motif. Biochemical investigations of recombinant TdaE and mutants demonstrated that the construction of the α,β′‐disulfide was initiated by Gln140 triggering proton abstraction for generation of the essential o‐QM intermediate, accompanied by β′‐acetoxy elimination. Subsequent attack on the α,α′‐disulfide by Cys137 led to disulfide migration and spirofuran formation. This study expands the biocatalytic toolbox for transannular disulfide formation and sets the stage for the targeted discovery of bioactive ETPs.
Enhanced CO Adsorption by Modulating the Electron Density Distribution of Graphite‐Copper Porphyrin Sorbents with Light
Authors: Qi Shi‐Chao , Liu Yong‐Lan , Lu Xiao‐Jie , Zhao Yun‐Jie , Li Jia‐Xin , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe photo‐responsive adsorption has emerged as a vibrant area, but its current methodology is limited by the well‐defined photochromic units and their molecular deformation driven by photo‐stimuli. Herein, a methodology of nondeforming photo‐responsiveness is successfully exploited. With the exploiting agent of Cu‐TCPP framework assembled on the graphite and strongly interacted with it, the sorbent generates two kinds of adsorption sites, over which the electron density distribution of the graphite layer can be modulated at the c‐axis direction, which can further evolve due to photo‐stimulated excited states. The excited states are stable enough to meet the timescale of microscopic adsorption equilibrium. Independent of the ultra‐low specific surface area of the sorbent (20 m2 g−1), the CO adsorption capability can be improved from 0.50 mmol g−1 at the ground state to 1.24 mmol g−1 (0 °C, 1 bar) with the visible light radiation, rather than the photothermal desorption.
A Supported Catalyst that Enables the Synthesis of Colorless CO2‐Polyols with Ultra‐Low Molecular Weight
Authors: Kuang Qingxian , Zhang Ruoyu , Zhou Zhenzhen , Liao Can , Liu Shunjie , Chen Xuesi , Wang Xianhong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUltra‐low molecular weight (ULMW) CO2‐polyols with well‐defined hydroxyl end groups represent useful soft segments for the preparation of high‐performance polyurethane foams. However, owing to the poor proton tolerance of catalysts towards CO2/epoxide telomerization, it remains challenging to synthesize ULMW yet colorless CO2‐polyols. Herein, we propose an immobilization strategy of constructing supported catalysts by chemical anchoring of aluminum porphyrin on Merrifield resin. The resulting supported catalyst displays both extremely high proton tolerance (≈8000 times the equivalents of metal centers) and independence of cocatalyst, affording CO2‐polyols with ULMW (580 g mol−1) and high polymer selectivity (>99 %). Moreover, the ULMW CO2‐polyols with various architectures (tri‐, quadra‐, and hexa‐arm) can be obtained, suggesting the wide proton universality of supported catalysts. Notably, benefiting from the heterogeneous nature of the supported catalyst, colorless products can be facilely achieved by simple filtration. The present strategy provides a platform for the synthesis of colorless ULMW polyols derived from not only CO2/epoxides, but also lactone, anhydrides etc. or their combinations.
Tin(II)‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks Enabling Efficient, Selective Reduction of CO2 to Formate under Visible Light
Authors: Kamakura Yoshinobu , Suppaso Chomponoot , Yamamoto Issei , Mizuochi Ryusuke , Asai Yusuke , Motohashi Teruki , Tanaka Daisuke , Maeda Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCertain metal complexes are known as high‐performance CO2 reduction photocatalysts driven by visible light. However, most of them rely on rare, precious metals as principal components, and integrating the functions of light absorption and catalysis into a single molecular unit based on abundant metals remains a challenge. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which can be regarded as intermediate compounds between molecules and inorganic solids, are potential platforms for the construction of a simple photocatalytic system composed only of Earth‐abundant nontoxic elements. In this work, we report that a tin‐based MOF enables the conversion of CO2 into formic acid with a record high apparent quantum yield (9.8 % at 400 nm) and >99 % selectivity without the need for any additional photosensitizer or catalyst. This work highlights a new MOF with strong potential for photocatalytic CO2 reduction driven by solar energy.
Anthocyanin‐loaded bacterial cellulose nanofiber as a green sensor for monitoring the selective naked eye and visual detection of Al(III) Ions
Authors: Arghavani Sima , Mohseni‐Shahri Fatemeh S. , Moeinpour Farid 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study developed a green metallochromic sensor that detects aluminium (Al(III)) ions in solution and solid state using anthocyanin extract from purple onion peels embedded in bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCNFs). The CIE Lab colour parameters demonstrated that Al(III) binding causes a sensible change in colour. A variety of metal ions including K+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Cr2+, Pb2+ and Ni2+ were used to challenge the sensor to determine its selectivity. The findings demonstrated that the suggested sensor showed excellent selectivity toward Al(III) ion. Al(III) is quantitatively detected by the sensing method with detection limits in the range between 30–200 and 20–300 ppm in solution and solid state, respectively, and through observation with naked eye. The fabricated green metallochromic sensor is promising to be a simple, cheap, mobile and easily operable for real‐time and on‐site detection of Al(III) ions in food matrices.
Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan nanofiber membranes loaded with oxygenated graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic bacteriostasis
Authors: Bai Xuemei , Song Tingting , Luan Jingmin , Chen Meijuan , Yu Jianxiang , Tian Huafeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe visible light catalytic antibacterial nanofiber membranes as a novel functional material were designed to solve the problem of bacterial infection and water pollution. In this work, oxygenated graphite carbon nitride nanosheets (O‐g‐C3N4) with 12% oxygen content were synthesized through thermal polycondensation followed by chemical oxidation. Exfoliation and dispersion of O‐g‐C3N4 were strongly enhanced compared to pristine g‐C3N4 due to rich hydrophilic carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The amount of ROS generated by O‐g‐C3N4 was about 13.8% more than that of g‐C3N4. Then, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS)/O‐g‐C3N4 (PCO) composite nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning. The contact angle of the PCO nanofiber membranes decreased from 55.0° ± 0.5 to 45.9° ± 0.2 along with the increased amount of O‐g‐C3N4, indicating the improvement of hydrophilicity. Meanwhile, the diameter of nanofibers increased from 148.0 ± 22.9 nm to 244.0 ± 52.3 nm with the loading ratio from 0% to 17%. The PCO nanofiber membranes exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity compared to the blank nanofiber membranes and bare O‐g‐C3N4. The maximum diameter of the inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus could reach 26 ± 0.1 mm and 16 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. The inhibition rate against E. coli could reach 97% in 24 h under the irradiation of simulated sunlight. Based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) testing, zeta potential, and bacterial inhibition experiments, a possible synergistic mechanism was proposed. The electrostatic adsorption effect of PCO nanofiber membranes and ROS could effectively decompose the organic components of bacteria and destroy their structural integrity. The results indicated that the antibacterial PCO composite nanofiber membranes have wide application prospects in biomedical‐related fields.
Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte therapy: Clinical aspects and future developments in this breakthrough cancer treatment
Authors: Lee Hyun , Kim Kwanghee , Chung Jiwon , Hossain Mofazzal , Lee Hee Jin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a promising approach for treating refractory or advanced solid cancers by using autologous TILs harvested from cancer tissues. Despite the heterogeneity of cancer, TIL therapy can potentially produce a positive therapeutic response, including complete remission.After decades of research on lymphocyte functions, culture/expansion methods, therapeutic protocols, and multiple clinical trials, TIL therapy has finally reached a stage where it can be formally approved for clinical use.TIL therapy is expected to hold a unique position among anti‐cancer therapeutic options as a standard intervention. To successfully introduce TIL therapy into clinical settings, there is a need to expand therapeutic indications and set up the best protocols for cancer tissue sampling and manufacturing, and related clinical trials. Moreover, studies on next‐generation TIL therapy have already begun, and post‐approval real‐world data will promote and support further research.