bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combating Climate Change and Global Warming for a Sustainable Living in Harmony with Nature
Authors: Balaram V. 
Published: June 2023

As humanity has been polluting the atmosphere with greenhouse gases, the planet is getting warmed up which is triggering the frequency and the intensity of extreme events like heat waves, dry conditions, wildfires, cyclones, tornadoes, lightning, and massive flooding all over the planet Earth. There is considerable evidence that the concentration of greenhouse gases, especially that of CO2 has steadily increased in the atmosphere as a result of the indiscriminate use of fossil fuels around the world particularly during the last 70 years. The glaciers in the high mountain and polar regions are diminishing fast, sea levels are rising, and food production is being affected severely in certain parts of the world. In fact, the changing climate has currently become one of the major threats to the survival of civilization. The world scientific communities are warning of a climate emergency and requesting the decision makers to promptly respond and act to sustain life on planet Earth. To deliver net zero emissions by the year 2050, the whole world must phase out the technologies such as coal-powered thermal plants and diesel/petrol/gasoline-powered vehicles which release abundant amounts of CO2 and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and invest in the development of clean energies such as hydel, wind, solar, space-solar, and nuclear energies. This transition to a low carbon economy with the help of these technologies together with other technologies such as hydrogen fuel, fuel cells, electric vehicles, and massive plantations is expected to take our planet Earth to a safe zone in the coming 20-30 years.
A CASE STUDY OF TYPES OF FAILURE IN REFRACTORY BRICKS LINING CEMENT KILNS
Authors: Muhammed Montadher A. 
Published: June 2023

The failure of refractory bricks lining cement kilns is a costly processÂ not only due to the cost of replacing bricks but also due to the lost in production time during the replacement period. The present work aims to investigate types and causes of failure of refractory bricks in one of Kufa cement factory kilns using chemical analysis and X-Ray diffraction technique. The results showed that there are detrimental components in raw meal and cement clinker like alkalis (K2O, Na2O) and SO3 which tend to react with lining bricks at high temperatures. Cement clinker infiltrated into the hot faces of magnesia bricks resulting in a formation of a coat layer which protect the brick from spalling. When the kiln operates under equilibrium conditions, the coating maintain itself, otherwise coating will start to come off causing brick corrosion.
For all Alumina samples, significant ratios of alkalis are infiltrated into bricks during period of service, the amount of infiltration increased with the ratio of alumina content. X-ray diffraction showed formation of detrimental compounds by reaction between alkalis, sulfur and Alumina bricks. Formation of these toxic compounds was associated with increased volume making the brick more brittle and easy to be damaged by thermo-mechanical stresses.
Study the Infiltration and Stability of the Earthfill dams (Proposed Kashkan dam as a Case study)
Authors: Kareem Ibtesam R. , Al-Adili Aqeel , Abdulla Hassan Hussen 
Published: June 2023

This paper performed two steps of analysis. The first step used Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method to estimate surface water infiltration rates from the earth fill dams (proposed Kashkan dam north of Duhuk city as a case study). In the second step, a two dimensional finite element seepage analysis using (Seep/w) software was employed to determine seepage rates. The main purpose of constructing Kashkan dam is to store the rainfall water during rainy season and use it during summer season to provide the human requirements of water as well as to performed the agricultural requirements. Mean monthly rainfall data recorded for selected watersheds during the period (1986-2008) was used. The maximum infiltration rate during the depended period asymptotically tends to the value of the saturated permeability. The computed infiltration rates were used as input data for the seepage analysis by assigning the ground surface boundary condition. Finally, positive and negative pore water pressure distributions obtained
DESIGN OF RECONFIGURABLE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH A WIDE TUNABILITY RANGE FOR COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORK
Authors: Wadday Ahmed Ghanim , Albattat Hayder Jawad 
Published: June 2023

This paper presents two reconfigurable microstrip antennas with different sizes of the patch elements for Cogniative Radio (CR) network. The desired resonant frequencies can be controlled by using smart tunable permittivity materials. The switching among these frequencies depending on the CR requierments. A wide tunability range Â of switching frequencies covers the bands of Wi-Fi and Wi-Max standards are obtained. This rang of frequencies begin from 1.5 till 5.5 GHz. Variable permittivity concept with respect to (as a function of) external source has been assummed for switching through this study. The two geometry structures for the planner array antenna are investigated and simulated using COMSOL sofware.
MILLS’ PERSPECTIVE ON SIMA BAHOUS CLOSING SPEECH AT UN-WOMEN ANNUAL SEASON: A FEMINIST CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Authors: Muthi'ah Nadhirah , Frida Karunia Devy , Zein T. Thyrhaya 
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to find out the women's representation of Sima Bahous' speech entitled "Looking Forward to a Future of Gender Equality" by applying Mills' discourse analysis perspective, such as the subject-object position, reader position, and writer-reader position. The presence of the UN Women organization is a new step and a source of hope for women fighting for gender equality and women's empowerment. Sima Bahous, the woman behind UN Women, contributed to improving the position of women globally through her speech. The descriptive qualitative method was employed in the research supported by the theory of critical discourse analysis with a feminist perspective by Sara Mills. The result showed that in Sima Bahous' selected closing remarks speech, the position of the subject was placed by Sima Bahous as the speaker of her speech and UN Women as the object of the speech. The listener's position was related to the greeting to the listener. Through "mediation" and "cultural codes," this was achieved in a circumstantial manner.
THE ALLOMORPHY IN ENGLISH WORDS: MORPHOLOGY AND PHONOLOGY INTERRELATED APPROACH
Authors: Tarigan Karana Jaya , Sembiring Milisi 
Published: June 2023

The article aims to analyze which allomorphs occur more accurately in English and what factors determine them. The problems that the researchers examine enable English learners and readers to pronounce English words, in this case, English morphemes. The theory employed by the researchers is morphophonemics, dealing with how morphemes alter their appearance or pronunciation in response to the sounds that surround them in a given piece of content. The approach or method that the researchers use in this article is descriptive qualitative method based on the data. The findings that the researchers come across are as follows: (a) the definitive article, (b) the definitive article, (c) Derivation, (d) Irregular verbs, (e) Past tense marker (-ed), (f) Present tense morpheme, (g) Plural noun markers, (h) Possessive markers. It can be seen that the shape or pronunciation of an English word depends on the linguistic environment in which it occurs, and it is obvious that morphophonemic change involves not only replacing but also changing the phonological shape of a morpheme. Based on the data, the researchers find that there are two basic types of allomorph, such as morphophonemic changes and suppletion. The researchers also attend to the theory of Pike, stating that sounds tend to be influenced by their environments.
Studying the pharmacokinetics of biotechnological medicinal products on the example of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Smirnov V. V. , Petukhova O. A. , Filatov A. V. , Kudlay D. A. , Khaitov M. R. 
Published: June 2023

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are developed to treat many pathologies, including cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases, are one of the fastest growing classes of medicinal products. Given the large number of mAbs in the pipeline and continued interest from pharmaceutical companies, the mAb market is expected to continue to grow in the coming years. To maximise both the therapeutic benefit and the safety of medicinal products in this class, it is essential that their pharmacological properties be carefully characterised and understood.The aim of the study was to analyse literature data on approaches to studying the pharmacokinetics of mAbs. This review presents data on the main physicochemical and pharmacological properties of mAbs and compares them with small molecules. The article describes the influence of various factors on mAb pharmacokinetics.For example, such factors include the method of administration, hydrophilicity, and charge of the mAb, individual characteristics of the patient (body weight, plasma albumin levels, genetic characteristics, etc.), and concurrent administration of other medicinal products. The authors evaluated the role of intra- and inter-individual variability of pharmacokinetic parameters. The rapid development of this group of medicinal products and the emergence of new promising molecules are indicative of the need to study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mAbs in detail and to maximise both the therapeutic benefit and the safety of the medicinal products in this class.
Optimisation of induction conditions for a bacterial strain producing proinsulin aspart
Authors: Kornakov I. A. , Khasanshina Z. R. , Senichkina D. A. , Filipenko A. A. , Lunev I. S. , Drai R. V. 
Published: June 2023

Diabetes poses a serious threat to the health of people around the world. Therefore, in 2021, the World Health Organisation launched the Global Diabetes Compact, an initiative aimed at improving the management and prevention of diabetes. The rapid growth in the number of diabetic patients has increased the need for insulin. Rapid-acting human insulin analogues, including insulin aspart, improve the efficacy of insulin therapy. Methods for insulin aspart production include its biosynthesis in the proinsulin form in Escherichia coli. However, the yield of the recombinant protein largely depends on the optimisation of the production process.The aim of the study was to optimise the induction conditions for an E. coli strain expressing recombinant proinsulin aspart through applying the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to enhance bacterial cell productivity.Materials and methods. The study focused on a strain of E. coli producing proinsulin aspart. The authors planned the experiment using MODDE software and the reduced face-centred central composite design (CCF) enabling the assessment of factor interactions and the creation of design spaces. The authors carried out fermentations of the producing strain in a 5 L Biostat® B bioreactor and measured proinsulin aspart concentrations by capillary gel electrophoresis. The results were analysed using GraphPad Prism 6.Results. Using the DoE approach, the authors optimised the conditions for the growth of the producer strain and the biosynthesis of proinsulin aspart. Based on data from response surface plots for wet biomass concentration, specific productivity, and volumetric productivity, as well as plotted models, the authors established design spaces for the induction of proinsulin aspart expression in E. coli. The plotted models demonstrated high predictive power and high reproducibility of the results. The authors successfully validated the induction process for the synthesis of proinsulin aspart in a bioreactor under optimised conditions. The volumetric productivity of the strain producing proinsulin aspart increased from 3.06±0.16 g/L (conventional conditions) to 4.93±0.80 g/L (optimised conditions).Conclusions. The authors achieved a 60% increase in the volumetric yield of proinsulin aspart. The study results may be used to intensify the industrial production of insulin aspart.
Clinical Signs and Medical History as Predictors of Enalapril-Associated Dry Cough in Cardiovascular Patients
Authors: Sychev I. V. , Denisenko N. P. , Kachanova A. A. , Lapshtaeva A. V. , Abdullaev Sh. P. , Goncharova L. N. , Mirzaev K. B. , Sychev D. A. 
Published: June 2023

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are among the most prescribed and effective medicinal products for the treatment of several cardiovascular diseases. According to a number of studies, 30% of patients taking ACEIs develop adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and treatment discontinuation is often required as a result. The most common ADR associated with ACEIs is a dry (non-productive) cough. Nevertheless, the clinical signs and medical history predictive of this ADR in cardiovascular patients are still understudied.The aim of the study was to analyse the clinical signs and medical history predictive of cough in patients with cardiovascular conditions treated with enalapril.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 2019–2022 and enrolled 224 patients with essential hypertension (grades 2 and 3) treated with enalapril at a dose of 10–20 mg/day. The patients were assigned to 2 groups: Group 1 included 113 patients with enalapril-associated cough, while Group 2 (control group) comprised 104 patients without this ADR. At screening, all the patients underwent a general examination and a check of their allergy and medication history. Using the data obtained, the authors analysed the association of the clinical signs and medical history with the ADR of interest (dry cough).Results. In contrast to the control group, the group with ACEI-associated dry cough included more patients with a history of drug-induced toxicoderma (OR=5.639, CI 2.234–14.236, χ2=15.845, and p<0.001) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=3.409, CI 1.461–7.953, χ2=8.7472, and p<0.01), a family history of bronchial asthma (OR=4.141, CI 2.066–8.299, χ2=17.417, and p<0.001), and a close family history of severe allergic reactions (OR=3.714, CI 1.720– 8.018, χ2=12.137, and p<0.001).Conclusions. A family history of allergy increases the probability of dry cough in patients taking ACEIs. In order to improve the safety of ACEI therapy, patients with cardiovascular conditions should be asked more detailed questions about their personal or first-degree family history of allergy.
Comparative Preclinical Evaluation of the Safety, Antifungal Activity, and Pharmacokinetics of Sertaconazole Products for External Use
Authors: Kosman V. M. , Karlina M. V. , Vavilova V. A. , Borovkova K. E. , Kryshen K. L. , Marchenko N. V. , Kopatko S. A. , Sychkova I. V. , Kargopoltseva D. R. , Makarova M. N. , Makarov V. G. 
Published: June 2023

SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. The high prevalence of fungal skin infections motivates expanding the range of sertaconazole products for external use.AIM. The study was a preclinical comparison of the safety, antifungal activity, and pharmacokinetics of Sertaverin® 2% medicated shampoo (VERTEX JSC, Russia) with those of Sertamicol® 2% solution for external use (Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd, India) and Nizoral® 2% shampoo (Janssen Pharmaceuticals N.V., Belgium) approved in the Russian Federation.MATERIALS AND METHODS. In the toxicity study, the medicinal products were applied to the skin of male and female outbred rats at doses of 0.5 or 1.5 mL/animal for 28 days. The authors evaluated the pharmacokinetics of two sertaconazole formulations (shampoo and solution) following a single administration to adult male rats at the same dose. Nizoral® was not used in the pharmacokinetics study because it contains a different active substance, ketoconazole. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the serial microdilution method in a wide range of concentrations.RESULTS. The medicinal products did not exhibit any significant toxic effects in laboratory animals after 28 days of repeated dermal application. Plasma sertaconazole concentrations were negligible. Sertaconazole was intensively distributed in the liver, which is a highly vascularised organ, and in the target organ (skin at the site of application). The relative bioavailability of sertaconazole from the shampoo relative to that from the solution for external use was approximately 30% in liver tissues and approximately 363% in skin tissues at the application site. Sertaverin® was comparable to sertaconazole in the active substance form in terms of inhibiting the growth of Malassezia furfur strains. The MICs calculated on the active substance basis were ≤16–64 μg/mL.CONCLUSIONS. With its synergistic dual mechanism of action, broad-spectrum antifungal activity, lipophilic properties, and low systemic absorption, Sertaverin® may provide a more effective and safe alternative to marketed medicinal products for scalp diseases.
Russia’s Policy towards Donbas Since 2014: The Nation-Building Process and Its Ideology
Authors: Kiryukhin Denys 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study examines the ideology of the nation-building process in the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics. The key features of this process are uncovered through a discourse analysis of school textbooks published in the People’s Republics and in Transnistria, and of the ‘Russian Donbas’ ideology. This is compared to the history and interpretations of the concept of ‘Novorossiya’. This research demonstrates the difference between Donbas and other the post-Soviet contested states, and highlights the role of the Russian government and Russian radical right-wing intellectuals in the formation of the ‘Russian Donbas’ ideology. It concludes that, although Russia had a decisive influence on the development of the conflict in Donbas, Donbas also affected the ideological transformation of Putin’s Russia.
Frequency of dyspeptic symptoms, anxiety, depression and health-related quality of life among patients with chronic gastritis according to Helicobacter pylori CagA and VacA status: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nikulina L. M. , Solovyova G. A. , Svintsitskyi I. A. 
Published: June 2023

Objective — to determine the frequency of dyspeptic symptoms, anxiety and depression and to describe health‑related quality of life in patients with chronic gastritis according to Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin‑associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin A status.
Materials and methods. This cross‑sectional study included a total of 84 patients with H. pylori‑associated chronic gastritis (CG). Based on H. pylori virulence factors status patients were categorized into 2 groups: 50 patients with the cytotoxin‑associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA)‑positive H. pylori strains (Group 1) and 34 patients with CagA‑ and VacA‑negative H. pylori strains (Group 2). The H. pylori virulence factors were determined by the polymerase chain reaction using paraffin stomach biopsies. Serum IgA and IgG antibodies to CagA and VacA were evaluated by solid‑phase enzyme‑linked immunoabsorbent assay. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to identify anxiety disorders and depression. The MOS 36‑Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‑36) questionnaire was used to assess the health‑related quality of life (HRQoL). Statistical analysis was performed using Stata 11 and Statistica 6 software packages.
Results. Patients with CagA‑ and VacA‑positive H. pylori strains were more likely to have epigastric pain than patients with CagA‑ and VacA‑negative H. pylori strains (60% vs. 35.3%, p=0.026). No statistical difference was observed between the frequency of epigastric burning, early satiety, and postprandial fullness in both groups (р >0.05). Anxiety and depression were significantly more prevalent in patients with CagA‑ and VacA‑positive H. pylori strains (p=0.041; р=0.032, respectively). Patients of Group 1 had significantly lower HRQoL in the domains of Role‑Physical (50 vs. 75; p=0.0001), Bodily Pain (57.5 vs. 77.5; p=0.0001), General Health (45 vs. 75; p=0.0001), Vitality (55 vs. 80; p=0.0011) and Mental Health (56 vs. 84; p=0.0001).
Conclusions. H. pylori CagA and VacA‑positive status is an important factor that may have an impact on the clinical course of H. pylori‑associated gastritis. Higher frequency of epigastric pain, anxiety, and depression, as well as lower health‑related quality of life were observed in patients with CagA‑ and VacA‑positive H. pylori strains.
Cytoprotectant Doctovit: perspectives of the use at acid-dependent gastroduodenal diseases
Authors: Fadieienko G. D. , Gridineva S. V. 
Published: June 2023

The paper presents analysis of publications devoted to the use of cytoprotectant Doctovit at acid‑dependent gastroduodenal diseases and prospects of its use at inflammatory and erosive injuries of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. A pathogenetic substantiation of the expediency of using the Doctovit (a complex of vitamins U (methylmethionine) and B5 (dexpanthenol)) is presented for cases of erosive and ulcerative (Helicobacter pylori‑associated) gastroduodenal lesions and at NSAID‑gastropathy, as well as at preservation of inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa after antihelicobacter therapy (posteradication syndrome). The mechanism of action of Doctovit components is described. The review of investigations has been presented that showed normalization of secretory stomach function (in particular due to vitamin U methylation of histamine and its transformation into an inactive form), faster ulcers’ healing, analgesic, gastroprotective, antioxidant and lipotropic effects, which contribute to the stimulation of healing of mucosal erosions and ulcers in the digestive tract, positive dynamics of the histological picture of the gastroduodenal mucosa in patients who received Doctovit as a part of complex therapy. The positive effects included decrease in the severity of inflammatory cellular infiltration of the mucosa own lamina, disappearance of lymphoid follicles due to improvement in the condition of the epithelium due to an increase in its compensatory reparative regeneration, improvement in the condition of the integumentary pit epithelium of the stomach after treatment and strengthening of its mucin‑producing function with improvement in the quality of mucus The expediency of further use of Doctovit in patients with acid‑dependent pathology of the digestive tract is substantiated.
inflasi dan pengangguran perspektif islam
Authors: Ali Nurfadilla Nur 
Published: June 2023

Tulisan ini dibuat untuk memenuhi tugas dari mata kuliah ekonomi makro yang memuat tentang materi yang telah disampaikan dan didiskusikan di kelas bersama dosen kami. Dalam tulisan ini memuat pengenalan singkat mengenai materi "inflasi dan pengangguran dalam islam", Penulis berharap bisa membantu pembaca dalam menambah wawasan dan penulis juga menyadari bahwa apa yang ada didalam tulisan ini masih belum memuat semua informasi yang ada tentang judul materi yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya.