bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced gC3N4/ZnCuFe2O4 composite photocatalysts for effective methylene blue degradation
Authors: Yaşar Dilaver , Kavgacı Mustafa , Eskalen Hasan , Yaykaşlı Hakan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, a gC₃N₄/Zn₀.₅Cu₀.₅Fe₂O₄ composite photocatalyst was synthesized to evaluate its efficacy in degrading methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light. The photocatalyst, prepared using mechanical milling techniques, demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic performance due to the synergistic effects of its components. The degradation efficiency for MB was measured at 95.41% with the 1g1ZCF composite (1:1 weight ratio of gC₃N₄ and Zn₀.₅Cu₀.₅Fe₂O₄) under Xenon lamp irradiation for 90 min. The corresponding reaction rate constant was calculated as 0.03174 min⁻1, outperforming the pristine Zn₀.₅Cu₀.₅Fe₂O₄ and 2g1ZCF composites, which achieved degradation rates of 89.2% and 92.16%, respectively. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized samples were investigated by characterization techniques such as XRD, FESEM, FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. XRD analyses revealed that the ZnCuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles exhibit a cubic spinel structure. FESEM investigations demonstrated that the gC₃N₄ nanosheets are uniformly coated with clustered ZnCuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles. The EDS spectra of the nanocomposites confirmed the presence of Zn, Cu, Fe, and O elements. Furthermore, an examination of colour tone changes indicated a noticeable reduction in the yellowness index of the samples upon the incorporation of gC₃N₄.The composites exhibited reduced bandgaps, with values of 1.92 eV for 1g1ZCF compared to 2.32 eV for pure Zn₀.₅Cu₀.₅Fe₂O₄. The material's recyclability was evaluated over five cycles, maintaining significant activity with a slight decrease attributed to catalyst loss. This work highlights the potential of gC₃N₄/Zn₀.₅Cu₀.₅Fe₂O₄ composites as efficient and recyclable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment applications, providing a promising solution to mitigate environmental pollution from dye contaminants.
Solar System Elemental Abundances from the Solar Photosphere and CI-Chondrites
Authors: Lodders K. , Bergemann M. , Palme H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Solar photospheric abundances and CI-chondrite compositions are reviewed and updated to obtain representative solar system abundances of the elements and their isotopes. The new photospheric abundances obtained here lead to higher solar metallicity. Full 3D NLTE photospheric analyses are only available for 11 elements. A quality index for analyses is introduced. For several elements, uncertainties remain large. Protosolar mass fractions are H (X = 0.7060), He (Y = 0.2753), and for metals Li to U (Z = 0.0187). The protosolar (C+N)/H agrees within 13% with the ratio for the solar core from the Borexino experiment. Elemental abundances in CI-chondrites were screened by analytical methods, sample sizes, and evaluated using concentration frequency distributions. Aqueously mobile elements (e.g., alkalis, alkaline earths, etc.) often deviate from normal distributions indicating mobilization and/or sequestration into carbonates, phosphates, and sulfates. Revised CI-chondrite abundances of non-volatile elements are similar to earlier estimates. The moderately volatile elements F and Sb are higher than before, as are C, Br and I, whereas the CI-abundances of Hg and N are now significantly lower. The solar system nuclide distribution curves of s-process elements agree within 4% with s-process predictions of Galactic chemical evolution models. P-process nuclide distributions are assessed. No obvious correlation of CI-chondritic to solar elemental abundance ratios with condensation temperatures is observed, nor is there one for ratios of CI-chondrites/solar wind abundances.
Past, Present, and Future of Fe-Mg Bioresorbable Alloys for Medical Applications
Authors: Estrada Rafael Guillermo , Fagali Natalia S. , Multigner Marta , Lieblich Marcela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The search for biocompatible and bioabsorbable metallic materials for temporary medical implants dates back to the late nineteenth century. Interest in these materials arises from their potential social and medical benefits. However, extensive research did not start until the early twentieth century, primarily focusing on magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) as biocompatible and biodegradable base metals. In this work, we explore the combination of two of these metals, Fe and Mg, and the opportunity to investigate Fe-Mg alloys as potential candidates for biomedical applications through a review of their development from their initial production to the present, as well as their future prospects. A distinctive characteristic of Fe-Mg systems is their mutual immiscibility in thermodynamic equilibrium, which poses significant processing challenges and explains why Fe-Mg alloys have been relatively unexplored. However, it is precisely this immiscibility that offers the opportunity to achieve a metastable state that potentiates degradation. As evidenced by the review of recent research on bioabsorbable Fe-Mg alloys developed specifically for biomedical applications, given their promising properties and potential applications, a more comprehensive exploration of this alloy system appears warranted.
Support of extremal doubly stochastic arrays
Authors: Etkind Mark Mordechai , Lev Nir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An n × m array with nonnegative entries is called doubly stochastic if the sum of its entries at each row is m and at each column is n. The set of all n × m doubly stochastic arrays is a convex polytope with finitely many extremal points. The main result of this paper characterizes the possible sizes of the supports of all extremal n × m doubly stochastic arrays. In particular we prove that the minimal size of the support of an n × m doubly stochastic array is n + m − gcd(n, m). Moreover, for m = kn + 1 we also characterize the structure of the support of the extremal arrays.
Soziale Arbeit und Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Eick Johannes , Hollenbach Pia , Kaschlik Anke , Schmelz Andrea , Schmitt Caroline , Wezel Katharina 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag setzt sich mit der Bedeutsamkeit sozialarbeiterischer Konzepte und Wissensbestände für die Katastrophenhilfe auseinander. Er gibt einen Einblick in das internationale Sendai Framework Abkommen, die Deutsche Resilienzstrategie und die Strukturen von Disaster Risk Reduction und Management. In einem weiteren Schritt verknüpft der Beitrag diese Zugänge mit dem internationalen Konzept von Green Social Work und plädiert unter Einbezug professionalitätstheoretischer Überlegungen für eine systematische Verankerung der Sozialen Arbeit in den Strukturen der Katastrophenhilfe.
Entrepreneurial Intentions in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Psychological and Demographic Factors
Authors: Marculescu Bogdan , Brancu Laura , Noja Grațiela Georgiana , Cristea Simona Mirela , Pantea Marius Ioan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly transformed the global landscape, introducing unprecedented levels of uncertainty that widely shaped the business environment and entrepreneurial intentions. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between key psychological factors that influence entrepreneurial intention and how they were affected during the pandemic, opening new avenues for potential young entrepreneurs. The study proposes a novel model incorporating self-efficacy, curiosity, and willingness to take risks, as crucial nexus in the evolving landscape of the knowledge economy. We also consider these factors to align with the framework of uncertainty management theory, representing a unique combination of individual characteristics that influence entrepreneurial intention to maximize the benefits arising from the pandemic crisis. Data obtained from 247 Romanian respondents were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis techniques. Structural equation modeling was further employed to capture the direct, indirect, and total inferences among the constructs of our model. The findings highlight that individuals who combine curiosity with a willingness to take risks are more likely to foster entrepreneurial intention even in a crisis period. We found a significant but negative relationship between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention, a result that deserves deeper future investigations. At the same time, the article considers a series of demographic variables that have not been studied before to explain entrepreneurial intention. The results obtained are new and interesting and open up new avenues of study regarding the role of family, especially the mother (as part of social capital), in the entrepreneurial decision.
Scalable Electrocatalytic Urea Wastewater Treatment Coupled with Hydrogen Production by Regulating Adsorption Behavior of Urea Molecule
Authors: Yang Chunming , Pang Huijuan , Li Xiang , Zheng Xueyan , Wei Tingting , Ma Xu , Wang Qi , Wang Chuantao , Wang Danjun , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electrocatalytic urea wastewater treatment technology has emerged as a promising method for environmental remediation. However, the realization of highly efficient and scalable electrocatalytic urea wastewater treatment (SEUWT) is still an enormous challenge. Herein, through regulating the adsorption behavior of urea functional groups, the efficient SEUWT coupled hydrogen production is realized in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE). Density functional theory calculations indicate that self-driven electron transfer at the heterogeneous interface (NiO/Co3O4) can induce charge redistribution, resulting in electron-rich NiO and electron-deficient Co3O4, which are superior to adsorbing C=O (electron-withdrawing group) and –NH2 (electron-donating group), respectively, regulating the adsorption behavior of urea molecule and accelerating the reaction kinetics of urea oxidation. This viewpoint is further verified by temperature-programmed desorption experiments. The SEUWT coupled hydrogen production in AEMWE assembled with NiO/Co3O4 (anode) and NiCoP (cathode) can continuously treat urea wastewater at an initial current density of 600 mA cm−2, with the average urea treatment efficiency about 53%. Compared with overall water splitting, the H2 production rate (8.33 mmol s−1) increases by approximately 3.5 times. This work provides a cost-effective strategy for scalable purifying urea-rich wastewater and energy-saving hydrogen production.
Comparing Large Language Model AI and Human-Generated Coaching Messages for Behavioral Weight Loss
Authors: Huang Zhuoran , Berry Michael P. , Chwyl Christina , Hsieh Gary , Wei Jing , Forman Evan M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Automated coaching messages for weight control can save time and costs, but their repetitive, generic nature may limit their effectiveness compared to human coaching. Large language model (LLM) based artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, like ChatGPT, could offer more personalized and novel messages to address repetition with their data-processing abilities. While LLM AI demonstrates promise to encourage healthier lifestyles, studies have yet to examine the feasibility and acceptability of LLM-based BWL coaching. Eighty-seven adults in a weight-loss trial (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2) rated ten coaching messages’ helpfulness (five human-written, five ChatGPT-generated) using a 5-point Likert scale, providing additional open-ended feedback to justify their ratings. Participants also identified which messages they believed were AI-generated. The evaluation occurred in two phases: messages in Phase 1 were perceived as impersonal and negative, prompting revisions for messages in Phase 2. In Phase 1, AI-generated messages were rated less helpful than human-written ones, with 66% receiving a helpfulness rating of 3 or higher. However, in Phase 2, the AI messages matched the human-written ones regarding helpfulness, with 82% scoring three or above. Additionally, 50% were misidentified as human-written, suggesting AI’s sophistication in mimicking human-generated content. A thematic analysis of open-ended feedback revealed that participants appreciated AI’s empathy and personalized suggestions but found them more formulaic, less authentic, and too data-focused. This study reveals the preliminary feasibility and perceived helpfulness of LLM AIs, like ChatGPT, in crafting potentially effective weight control coaching messages. Our findings also underscore areas for future enhancement.
Sub-3 nm Pt3Ni nanoparticles for urea-assisted water splitting
Authors: Lu Shun , Zheng Xingqun , Jiang Kaixin , Wang Qingmei , Wang Xingzu , Shahzad Muhammad Wakil , Yin Fengjun , Xu Ben Bin , Hua Qingsong , Liu Hong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The development of durable efficient electrocatalysts is crucial to alleviate the sluggish kinetics of electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) for energy-saving water splitting. Small Pt-based intermetallic compounds exhibit promising characteristics as UOR catalysts due to their distinctive electronic and geometric structures. This work reported a surfactant-assisted shape evolution method for the controlled synthesis of sub-3 nm Pt3Ni nanoparticles on carbon black to achieve efficient electrocatalytic UOR. The synthesized catalyst features a uniform dodecahedral structure, maximizing Ni utilization and providing multiple active sites for UOR. The Pt3Ni catalyst displays the lower working potential of 1.44 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, outperforming Pt/C (1.78 V) at 10 mA cm−2, with a smaller Tafel slope of 78.1 mV dec−1, while maintaining exceptional stability during 100 h of continuous urea-assisted water electrolysis. Notably, UOR-boosted system needs only 1.36 V for 10 mA cm−2, significantly lower than the 1.62 V required for traditional water splitting, highlighting its energy-efficient potential for H2 production. Furthermore, theoretical studies indicate that Pt3Ni(111) facilitates the adsorption and activation of urea molecules more effectively than Pt(111), avoiding competition from hydroxyl adsorption. The unique polyhedron structure of the sub-3 nm Pt3Ni catalyst provides the catalytic active dual-sites, further promoting urea interaction. To the best of knowledge, this study represents the first report of Pt-M materials being utilized for the UOR, thereby expanding the application range of Pt-based alloys in urea electrocatalysis.
A comprehensive review of transcription factor-mediated regulation of secondary metabolites in plants under environmental stress
Authors: Rabeh Karim , Hnini Mohamed , Oubohssaine Malika 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plants encounter a wide range of biotic and abiotic environmental stresses throughout their lifespan. To adapt and survive, they have evolved complex defense mechanisms that involve the production of secondary metabolites (SMs), which play critical roles in enhancing plant resilience. These bioactive compounds function as deterrents to herbivores, barriers against pathogens, and protectants against oxidative stress. Plants regulate the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites (SMs) in response to various environmental factors such as drought, salinity, cold, heat, heavy metals, and UV-B radiation. These stress conditions can significantly alter SM levels as part of the plant's adaptive response. Transcription factors (TFs) are essential mediators in this process, regulating gene expression involved in SM biosynthesis. By interacting with various signaling pathways, TFs fine-tune the plant's defense mechanisms, ensuring the timely accumulation of specific SMs that mitigate stress impacts. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the influence of environmental factors on SM accumulation in plants under both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Additionally, we thoroughly discuss the roles of key TFs—including AP2/ERF, WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, MYB, and NAC—in regulating SM biosynthesis, highlighting their contributions to the plant's ability to withstand and adapt to stress.
Is dissociation predicting the efficacy of psychological therapies for PTSD? Results from a randomized controlled trial comparing Dialectical Behavior Therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
Authors: Kleindienst Nikolaus , Steil Regina , Priebe Kathlen , Müller-Engelmann Meike , Lindauer Petra , Krause-Utz Annegret , Friedmann Franziska , Schmahl Christian , Enning Frank , Bohus Martin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Neuropsychological evidence suggests that dissociation might disturb emotional learning, which is a fundamental mechanism of psychotherapy. However, a recent meta-analysis on the impact of dissociation on treatment outcomes in psychotherapy trials for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reported inconsistent results and concluded that further high-quality clinical trials are needed to test whether dissociation affects the efficacy of psychotherapies. We had two main aims: First, to test whether the efficacy of two evidence-based psychotherapies for individuals with trauma-related PTSD is affected by the level of pretreatment dissociation. Second, we investigated whether a significant reduction in dissociation at an early stage of treatment is beneficial for subsequent efficacy.

Methods
The potential impact of dissociation on efficacy was studied in 193 women with PTSD related to childhood abuse who were randomized to dialectical behavior therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) or cognitive processing therapy (CPT). Efficacy was operationalized as a change in the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Dissociation was assessed with the Dissociation Tension Scale (DSS). The analyses accounted for major confounders (in particular initial PTSD severity).

Results
Two main findings emerged from this study. First, baseline dissociation was a negative predictor for treatment efficacy. Second, a significant drop in dissociation at the initial stages of treatment was beneficial for subsequent efficacy.

Conclusions
Dissociation likely reduces the efficacy of trauma-focused therapies. Accordingly, successful reduction of dissociation at an early stage of treatment assists the efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapies.
The Tangut verbal template from a cross-West Gyalrongic perspective
Authors: Beaudouin Mathieu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The past decade has seen an increase in attention to Tangut, an extinct Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the rulers of the Western Xia xīxià 西夏 empire. The question of its classification has become a subject of discussion especially since the documentation of its closest relatives came to light recently. The present paper builds on the study of the Tangut verb template by Jacques (2011) to question the place of Tangut with regard to the Horpa languages (Beaudouin 2023b). By doing so, it identifies a phenomenon of attraction encompassing synchronic and diachronic analysis and proposes that verbal templatic morphology in West Gyalrongic is nuclear.
Social factors associated with everyday functioning in older Black adults
Authors: Davis Katrail , Calamia Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Independence in everyday functioning has been associated with successful aging and declines in functioning may be indicative of pathological cognitive decline. Social determinants of health, like economic status and access to health care, a]lso play a role in everyday functioning. Understanding these factors are of particular importance for older Black adults who have had long-standing disparate access to care, education, and treatments. The current study aimed to evaluate social determinants of health, more specifically social engagement, as moderators of the association between cognition and everyday functioning.

Method:
A sample of 930 older Black adults from Rush University: The Memory and Aging Project, African American Clinical Core, and Minority Adult Research Study were used. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological testing as well as questionnaires about their everyday functioning and social behaviors. Hierarchical linear regressions were utilized to determine to what extent social factors moderated the relationship between cognition and everyday functioning.

Results:
Late life social activity reduced the effect of global cognition on everyday functioning and was independently associated with everyday functioning. Social network size was associated with increased impairment.

Conclusion:
Results from the current study provide novel information regarding the role of social interaction on cognition in an older Black adult sample. Future interventions may benefit from an emphasis on increasing social engagement.
International humanitarian law and peace: A brief overview
Authors: Droege Cordula 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
International humanitarian law (IHL), also known as the law of armed conflict, seeks to limit the humanitarian impact of war by regulating the conduct of hostilities and protecting those not or no longer participating in combat. IHL does not prevent war, nor is that its role. IHL is only one part of the fabric of international law, other parts of which (jus ad bellum) govern the legality of war itself. However, IHL plays an essential role in mitigating suffering and fostering conditions that may facilitate a return to peace. This article examines the long-standing debate over whether IHL inadvertently legitimizes war or whether it can actually contribute, indirectly, to peace by imposing humanitarian constraints on conflict. It explores how adherence to IHL can preserve human dignity and support post-conflict reconciliation. Ultimately, while IHL does not prevent war, its strict application helps to reduce war's brutality and create pathways for sustainable peace.
Self-reported hypertension prevalence, risk factors, and knowledge among South Africans aged 24 to 40 years old
Authors: Mtintsilana Asanda , Mapanga Witness , Craig Ashleigh , Dlamini Siphiwe N. , Norris Shane A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although hypertension is a significant public health burden in South Africa (SA), less is known about its prevalence, risk factors, and possible preventative strategies among young adults. We assessed the prevalence, possible risk factors, and knowledge associated with self-reported hypertension among young adults from SA. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 1000 young South African adults (24–40 years; 51.0% women). We administered a socio-demographic questionnaire and collected information on measures of socio-economic status (SES) (e.g. asset wealth index), self-reported medical history, and lifestyle risk factors. Furthermore, a modified version of the hypertension evaluation of lifestyle and management questionnaire was used to assess participants’ hypertension knowledge. The overall prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 24.0%, with significant differences between women and men (27.5% and 20.4% respectively, p = 0.033). Only 16.8% of the respondents had good hypertension knowledge. There was a positive association between good knowledge of hypertension and being hypertensive (OR = 1.43 CI:1.23–3.12), monthly blood pressure check-ups (OR = 2.03 CI:1.78–3.23), knowing the side effects of uncontrolled blood pressure (OR = 1.28 CI:1.07–1.89) and having a biological mother with hypertension (OR = 1.79 CI:1.53–2.21). Being employed full-time (OR = 0.74 CI:0.69–0.80), having a higher SES (wealth index 4 (OR = 0.70 CI:0.59–0.97) and 5 (OR = 0.65 CI:0.48–0.81)), exercising 6 to 7 days per week (OR = 0.83 CI:0.71–0.94), and not consuming alcohol at all (OR = 0.73 CI:0.67–0.89), were all found to be protective against hypertension. The high hypertension prevalence, lack of hypertension knowledge, and reported risk factors among this group highlight the need for early robust preventative strategies to mitigate hypertension risk among this population.