bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the early mass ejection in jet-driven protostellar outflows: Lessons from Cep E
Authors: Rivera-Ortiz P.R. , de A. Schutzer A. , Lefloch B. , Gusdorf A. 
Published: February 2023

Context. Protostellar jets and outflows are an important agent of star formation as they carry away a fraction of momentum and energy, which is needed for gravitational collapse and protostellar mass accretion to occur.
Aims. Our goal is to provide constraints on the dynamics of the inner protostellar environment from the study of the outflow-jet propagation away from the launch region.
Methods. We have used the axisymmetric chemo-hydrodynamical code WALKIMYA-2D to numerically model and reproduce the physical and CO emission properties of the jet-driven outflow from the intermediate-mass protostar CepE-mm, which was observed at ~800 au resolution in the CO J = 2−1 line with the IRAM interferometer. Our simulations take into account the observational constraints available on the physical structure of the protostellar envelope.
Results. WALKIMYA-2D successfully reproduces the main qualitative and quantitative features of the Cep E outflow and the jet kinematics, naturally accounting for their time variability. Signatures of internal shocks are detected as knots along the jet. In the early times of the ejection process, the young emitted knots interact with the dense circumstellar envelope through high-velocity, dissociative shocks, which strongly decrease the CO gas abundance in the jet. As time proceeds, the knots propagate more smoothly through the envelope and dissociative shocks disappear after ~103 yr. The distribution of CO abundance along the jet shows that the latter bears memory of the early dissociative phase in the course of its propagation. Analysis of the velocity field shows that the jet material mainly consists of gas entrained from the circumstellar envelope and accelerated away from the protostar at 700 au scale. As a result, the overall jet mass-loss rate appears higher than the actual mass-ejection rate by a factor ~3.
Conclusions. Numerical modeling of the Cep E jet-driven outflow and comparison with the CO observations have allowed us to peer into the outflow formation mechanism with unprecedented detail and to retrieve the history of the mass-loss events that have shaped the outflow.
Photometric binaries, mass functions, and structural parameters of 78 Galactic open clusters
Authors: Cordoni Giacomo , Milone Antonino P. , Marino Anna F. , Vesperini Enrico , Dondoglio Emanuele , Legnardi Maria Vittoria , Mohandasan Anjana , Carlos Marilia , Lagioia Edoardo P. , Jang Sohee , Ziliotto Tuila 
Published: February 2023

Context. Binary stars play a crucial role in our understanding of the formation and evolution of star clusters and their stellar populations.
Aims. We use Gaia Data Release 3 to homogeneously analyze 78 Galactic open clusters and the unresolved binary systems they host, each composed of two main sequence (MS) stars.
Methods. We first investigated the structural parameters of these clusters, such as the core radius and the central density, and determined the cluster mass function (MF) and total mass by interpolating the density profile of each cluster. We measured the fraction of binaries with a large mass ratio and the fraction of blue straggler stars (BSSs), and finally investigated possible connections between the populations of binary stars and BSSs with the main parameters of the host cluster.
Results. Remarkably, we find that the MFs of 78 analyzed open clusters follow a similar trend and are well reproduced by two single power-law functions, with a change in slope around masses of 1 M⊙. The fraction of binary stars ranges from ∼15% to more than ∼60% without significant correlation with the mass and the age of the host cluster. Moreover, we detect hints of a correlation between the total fraction of binary stars and the central density of the host cluster. We compared the fraction of binary stars with that of BSSs, finding that clusters with high and low central density exhibit different trends. The fraction of binaries does not significantly change with the mass of the primary star and the mass ratio. The radial distribution of binary stars depends on cluster age. The binaries of clusters younger than ∼800 Myr typically show a flat radial distribution, with some hints of a double peak. In contrast, the binaries of the remaining clusters are more centrally concentrated than the single stars, which is similar to what is observed in globular clusters.
The Benefit of Transvaginal Elastography in Detecting Deep Endometriosis: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Xholli Anjeza , Londero Ambrogio P , Cavalli Elena , Scovazzi Umberto , Ferraro Mattia Francesco , Vacca Ilaria , Schiaffino Maria Giulia , Oppedisano Francesca , Sirito Giorgio , Molinari Filippo , Cagnacci Angelo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate elastography features of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), and to define whether this technique may discriminate lesions from surrounding non-endometriotic tissue.
Methods This was an exploratory observational study on women affected by DIE treated in a third-level academic hospital gynaecology outpatient facility between 2020 and 2021. Strain elastography (SE) was conducted via transvaginal probe. Tissue deformation of DIE and surrounding tissue was expressed as percentage tissue deformation or as subjective colour score (CS; from blue=stiff to red=soft, assigned numerical values from 0 to 3). Ratios of normal tissue/DIE were compared to ratio of normal tissue/stiffer normal tissue area.
Results Evaluations were performed on 46 DIE nodules and surrounding tissue of the uterosacral ligaments (n=21), parametrium (n=7), rectum (n=14), and recto-vaginal septum (n =4). Irrespective of location, DIE strain ratio (3.09, IQR 2.38–4.14 vs. 1.25, IQR 1.11–1.48; p<0.001) and CS ratio (4.62, IQR 3.83–6.94 vs. 1.13, IQR 1.06–1.29; p<0.001) was significantly higher than that of normal tissue. ROC AUC of CS ratio was higher than ROC AUC of strain ratio (99.76%, CI.95 99.26–100% vs. 91.35%, CI.95 85.23–97.47%; p=0.007), and best ROC threshold for CS ratio was 1.82, with a sensitivity of 97.83% (CI.95 93.48–100%) and a specificity of 100% (CI.95 100–100%).
Conclusions Both strain and CS ratios accurately distinguish DIE nodules at various locations. Applications of elastography in improving the diagnosis DIE, in distinguishing different DIE lesions and in monitoring DIE evolution can be envisioned and are worthy of further evaluation.
Large Carotid Aneurysm: An Illustrative Case of Open Surgical Repair
Authors: Del Foco Ottorino , Altaher Ahd Salahaldin Hassan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms are rare and are often localized at the level of the carotid bulb or in the distal internal carotid artery. Generally asymptomatic until an embolic event or a local compression reveals their presence, the rupture is rare.
Case Report We presented a case of a 68-year-old female referred to our hospital for a pulsatile mass on the right side of her neck with no other symptoms. The patient had a history of hypertension that was medically controlled. The duplex ultrasound confirmed the presence of a large internal carotid aneurysm. Angiotomography shows a large 5 cm diameter type 1 aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery and a type 1 2.7 cm diameter of the left carotid artery. Open surgery with aneurysmal resection and direct end-to-end anastomosis was performed with an uneventful course.
Conclusion This is an illustrative case of managing large carotid aneurysms by open surgery.
Closer in hard times? The drivers of European solidarity in ‘normal’ and ‘crisis’ times
Authors: Kyriazi Anna , Pellegata Alessandro , Ronchi Stefano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article examines the trends and differences in predictors of public support for European Union (EU) fiscal solidarity using two individual surveys conducted in 2019 and 2020, before and during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, in six Western European countries. We focus on individual self-interest and European/national identification as the two major determinants of public preference formation. Empirical analyses show that, while the average level of public support for European fiscal solidarity did not change from 2019 to 2020, the negative associations between exclusive national identification and economic vulnerability, on the one hand, and EU fiscal solidarity on the other were weakened. Among both, the identitarian source retained substantive (although reduced) relevance in 2020, while utility did not. Country-level analyses reveal a more complex picture, but the overall pattern holds across the member states included in our sample. We argue that the reduced explanatory power of these typical heuristics that individuals use to shape their attitudes towards European solidarity is connected to the nature of the pandemic as an exogenous ‘common crisis’, affecting all member states in a supposedly symmetric manner, at least in the first phase, and inducing interdependencies among them.
A von Hamos full-cylindrical spectrometer based on striped Si/Ge crystal for advanced x-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Guo Zhiying , Zhang Yujun , Xu Wei , Jin ShuoXue , Gan Xiaolong , Zhang Han , Chen Dongliang , Jia Quanjie 
Published: February 2023

High-energy resolution core-level spectroscopies, including a group of different techniques to obtain element-specific information of the electronic structure around an absorption site, have become powerful tools for studying the chemical state, local geometric structure, and the nature of chemical bonding. High-resolution x-ray absorption and x-ray emission spectroscopies are well-established experimental techniques but have always been limited by the number of emitted photons and the limited acceptance of solid angles, as well as requiring high energy stability and repeatability for the whole experimental setup. A full-cylindrical x-ray spectrometer based on flexible HAPG (highly annealed pyrolitic graphite) mosaic crystals is an effective solution for the above issues. However, large-area HAPG remains expensive and is often not easy to access. Here, we present an alternative approach by using segmented single crystals (Si and Ge) with different orientations instead of the HAPG as a dispersive element. The proposed method drastically improved the energy resolution up to 0.2–2 eV in the range of 2–10 keV. High-pressure x-ray emission and resonant x-ray emission spectra are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the instrument. The new design is particularly suitable for high-resolution spectroscopy applications at fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources or free-electron lasers.
Curvature and dynamical spacetimes: can we peer into the quantum regime?
Authors: Cardoso Vitor , Hilditch David , Marouda Krinio , Natário José , Sperhake Ulrich 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Stationary compact astrophysical objects such as black holes and neutron stars behave as classical systems from the gravitational point of view. Their (observable) curvature is everywhere ‘small’. Here we investigate whether mergers of such objects, or other strongly dynamical spacetimes such as collapsing configurations, may probe the strong-curvature regime of general relativity. Our results indicate that dynamical black hole spacetimes always result in a modest increase

∼

3

in the Kretschmann scalar, relative to the stationary state. In contrast, we find that the Kretschmann scalar can dynamically increase by orders of magnitude, during the gravitational collapse of scalar fields, and that the (normalized) peak curvature does not correspond to that of the critical solution. Nevertheless, without fine tuning of initial data, this increase lies far below that needed to render quantum-gravity corrections important.
Quantum chemistry simulations in an undergraduate project: tellurophenes as narrow bandgap semiconductor materials
Authors: Walker Bethany , Finlayson Chris E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The convenient graphical user-interfaces now available with advanced simulation software offer a powerful didactic tool for research-led teaching of methods in quantum chemistry and wider applications of quantum mechanics. In the student project work reported here, a homologous series of semiconducting chalcogenophenes (encompassing poly-thiophenes, poly-selenophenes and poly-tellurophenes) with varying polymer chain lengths were simulated in detail using density functional theory (DFT). Following geometry optimization, energy calculations reveal that increasing the length of the polymer chain (N) from a monomer to a hexamer leads to a narrowing and large-N convergence of the bandgap. It is found that hexa-tellurophene has significantly favourable electronic properties as compared to the other analogues, with a greatly enhanced electron affinity (−2.74 eV), and a corresponding bandgap energy of 2.18 eV, giving a superior matching to the solar spectrum.
Adaptive weight-based capsule neural network for bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqiang , Chai Jingxuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In industrial systems, the vibration signals of rolling bearings are highly complex due to varying operating conditions and ambient noise. Presented with signals with a lack of features after being disturbed by a complex environment, traditional convolutional neural networks cannot diagnose bearing faults accurately and effectively. This paper proposes a dynamic capsule network (DCCN) based on adaptive shared weights to solve the above problems. To learn the features of the vibration signals, the convolution weights are adaptively adjusted and shared to different convolutional layers through an attention mechanism, which can effectively reduce the computational cost of the network. In addition, a dynamic routing algorithm is used to generate sub-capsules that share weights. These sub-capsules extract and transform the fault features into vector features information storage to reduce feature loss. Finally, the feature-extraction capability of the DCCN is enhanced by concatenating the dynamic convolution using skip connect lines. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by noise and variable-load experiments, and the DCCN exhibits a better generalization and diagnosis performance than current advanced deep-learning methods.
A new continuous dynamic system for measuring the sphericity error of bearing balls
Authors: Yang Ping , Yang Bingya , Kong Yangbo , Wang Bo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The sphericity error is one of the most important tolerances to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of bearing balls. A continuous dynamic measurement system based on an industrial camera and a Z-shaped transparent track is developed to measure the sphericity error of bearing balls. The Z-shaped track, which is considered for the parameter setting of length, width and inclination, is designed to achieve a pure rolling of the ball around three perpendicular axes. During the whole measurement process, 15 images are dynamically captured by an industrial camera and divided into three groups according to the three mutually perpendicular directions. Then, a sub-pixel edge contour of the bearing ball from each image is extracted by an image-processing step, such as image de-noising, contrast enhancement, region-of-interest extraction and edge detection. Finally, the roundness error and sphericity error, as defined by ISO 12181-1 and ISO 3290-1, are acquired from the extracted contour of each image. Three different diameter bearing balls with a precision grade of G1000, representing a sphericity error of approximately 25 μm, are applied as experimental objects. The two times standard deviation roundness error obtained from the contour of each image are all less than 7 μm after six repeated measurements. In addition, the two measurement results respectively acquired from the proposed method and a commercial projection measuring instrument have good consistency.
Restoration of motion-blurred star images with elliptical star streaks
Authors: Fan Qiao-yun , Zhang Miao , Xue Yao-ke 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The restoration of motion-blurred star images under high dynamic conditions is important for the high-precision attitude measurement of star sensors. Through motion modelling analysis, it is found that the streak of the imaged star point (star streak) is an elliptical arc. However, existing star image restoration methods are only suitable for the case where the star streak is a straight line. For this reason, a star image restoration algorithm for elliptical star streaks is proposed in this paper. First, the elliptical star streak is transformed into a circular star streak by projective transformation. Then, the circular star streak is transformed into a straight star streak by polar coordinate transformation. Finally, the restored original star image is obtained by restoration methods for straight star streaks and coordinate inverse transformation. At the same time, the algorithm is further optimized by subdividing the polar coordinates. The experiment shows that the proposed algorithm is effective and the restoration accuracy is at the same level as that of existing star image restoration methods for straight star streaks.
A time asynchronous parameters calibration method of high-precision FOG-IMU based on a single-axis continuous rotation scheme
Authors: Chang Jiachong , Fan Shiwei , Zhang Ya , Li Jingchun , Shao Jianbo , Xu Dingjie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
There is a time asynchronous problem with the output signals between each inertial sensor in an actual high-precision fiber optic gyro inertial measurement unit (FOG-IMU), which reduces the velocity update accuracy of the strap-down inertial navigation system in the actual applications. Firstly, the velocity error formulas are derived in the coordinate navigation system considering three time asynchronous errors between the three-axis accelerometers and gyros. Then an error-state Kalman filter is designed with respect to the time asynchronous parameters measurement model in angular dynamic environments. Afterward, a single-axis continuous rotation scheme is developed to calibrate the time asynchronous parameters. In particular, a simple observability analysis model is proposed to verify the rationality of the calibration scheme. Furthermore, the time asynchronous parameters are calculated effectively based on the proposed indirect calibration scheme. Finally, the proposed method is verified effectively through simulations and turntable experiments, which can significantly reduce the measurement errors of high-precision FOG-IMU. As a result, compared with the traditional three-parameter direct calibration method, the eastward and northward velocity errors are reduced by 7.01% and 2.48%, respectively.
On the potential biological impact of radiation-induced acoustic emissions during ultra-high dose rate electron radiotherapy: a preliminary study
Authors: Lascaud Julie , Parodi Katia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ionizing radiation pulses delivered at ultra-high dose rates in emerging FLASH radiotherapy can result in high-intensity low-frequency thermoacoustic emissions that may have a biological impact. This study aims at providing insights into the thermoacoustic emissions expected during FLASH radiotherapy and their likelihood of inducing acoustic cavitation. The characteristics of acoustic waves induced by the energy deposition of a pulsed electron beam similar to previous pre-clinical FLASH radiotherapy studies and their propagation in murine head-like phantoms are investigated in-silico. The results show that the generated pressures are sufficient to produce acoustic cavitation due to resonance in the irradiated object. It suggests that thermoacoustics may, in some irradiation scenarios, contribute to the widely misunderstood FLASH effect or cause adverse effects if not taken into account at the treatment planning stage.
Deep learning aided oropharyngeal cancer segmentation with adaptive thresholding for predicted tumor probability in FDG PET and CT images
Authors: De Biase Alessia , Sijtsema Nanna M , van Dijk Lisanne V , Langendijk Johannes A , van Ooijen Peter M A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. Tumor segmentation is a fundamental step for radiotherapy treatment planning. To define an accurate segmentation of the primary tumor (GTVp) of oropharyngeal cancer patients (OPC) each image volume is explored slice-by-slice from different orientations on different image modalities. However, the manual fixed boundary of segmentation neglects the spatial uncertainty known to occur in tumor delineation. This study proposes a novel deep learning-based method that generates probability maps which capture the model uncertainty in the segmentation task. Approach. We included 138 OPC patients treated with (chemo)radiation in our institute. Sequences of 3 consecutive 2D slices of concatenated FDG-PET/CT images and GTVp contours were used as input. Our framework exploits inter and intra-slice context using attention mechanisms and bi-directional long short term memory (Bi-LSTM). Each slice resulted in three predictions that were averaged. A 3-fold cross validation was performed on sequences extracted from the axial, sagittal, and coronal plane. 3D volumes were reconstructed and single- and multi-view ensembling were performed to obtain final results. The output is a tumor probability map determined by averaging multiple predictions. Main Results. Model performance was assessed on 25 patients at different probability thresholds. Predictions were the closest to the GTVp at a threshold of 0.9 (mean surface DSC of 0.81, median HD95 of 3.906 mm). Significance. The promising results of the proposed method show that is it possible to offer the probability maps to radiation oncologists to guide them in a in a slice-by-slice adaptive GTVp segmentation.