bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two 3′ proximal hairpins play a key role in the replication of wheat yellow mosaic virus
Authors: Geng Guowei , Liu Minjun , Yuan Xuefeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), a member of the genus Bymovirus, causes substantial losses in wheat production in East Asia, including China and Japan. Although genomic RNA replication is an important process in the viral life cycle, the independent regulation of WYMV RNA replication by its 3ʹ and 5ʹ untranslated regions (UTRs) remains unclear. In this study, we sought to analyze the core structural features of the 3ʹ UTR in the regulation of the replication of WYMV RNA1 in vitro, locate the viral RNA sites to which the NIb protein binds, and determine the regulatory effects of the VPg, P3, and 14 K proteins on NIb RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity. We found that the NIb protein in WYMV RNA1 only specifically recognized its 3ʹ UTR as the core enzyme for replication. Moreover, the 14 K and P3 proteins were established to synergistically enhanc the in vitro RdRp activity of the NIb protein, whereas the VPg protein was found to play an inhibitory role. Based on RNA structure probing and mutational analysis, we identified 7624UU and 7571UU as putative sites for interaction with the NIb protein and demonstrated that replication is dependent on their coexistence. In addition, hairpins 2 and 5 of the 3' UTR were found to be essential for NIb protein replication. Collectively, the findings of our in vitro analysis of the replication regulatory elements of WYMV RNA1 3ʹ UTR, provide a basis for in vivo studies on the regulation of WYMV replication and the identification of potential targets for the prevention and control of WYMV-caused crop diseases.
Common and Rare DUOX Variants in Patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism: Case-control Study and Family-based Analysis
Authors: Jia Yaning , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Liqin , Duan Yanan , Zou Hui , Wang Fengqi , Liu Xiangju , Li Miaomiao , Liu Shiguo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context
Dual oxidases (DUOXs) are essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Rare DUOX variations have been detected in patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH); however, their mode of inheritance and genotype-phenotype correlations remain unclear. Additionally, no study has determined whether common DUOX variants confer a risk of CH.

Objective
To elucidate the molecular and clinical characteristics of CH caused by rare and common DUOX variants.

Methods
Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed on 203 trios (parents and their child with CH) to screen for rare DUOX variants. For common variants, eight tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped among 298 trios and 439 healthy controls. The association between these SNPs and CH risk was analyzed using a case-control study and a family-based transmission disequilibrium test.

Results
The genetic contribution of rare DUOX variants to CH was 16.3% (DUOX2 14.3% and DUOXA2 2.0%). Familial co-segregation analysis suggested that DUOX variants were transmitted by an autosomal recessive pattern. These patients exhibited dyshormonogenesis and were more likely to develop into transient CH with the lower requirement of levothyroxine dose. Regarding common variants, five SNPs distributed across DUOXs were significantly associated with CH in both the case-control and family-based study. DUOX1 rs16939752 C&gt;T and DUOXA1 rs3784576 C&gt;A protected against CH, whereas DUOX2 rs269868 A&gt;G, rs2001616 A&gt;G and DUOXA2 rs2252371 T&gt;C were associated with increased susceptibility to CH.

Conclusion
Our research confirmed that DUOX variants are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. We present a comprehensive spectrum of rare and common DUOX variants that provides more accurate insights into the pathogenesis of CH associated with DUOX.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Chnoospora minima (Scytosiphonaceae, Ectocarpales) along Mexican coasts, with the description of C. ramosissima sp. nov.
Authors: Núñez Resendiz María Luisa , Dreckmann Kurt M. , Hernández Oscar E. , Palma-Ortíz Carlos Adán , Sentíes Abel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Chnoospora is one of the genera in Scytosiphonaceae with many taxonomic changes, comprising only two currently taxonomically accepted species. Chnoospora minima, its type species, has the widest distribution range and is characterized by a simple morphology with cylindrical or flattened thalli and dichotomous branching. On the Mexican coasts, its distribution is disjunct, being recorded on both the Pacific and Atlantic sides. In the present study we aim to characterize morphologically and molecularly the Mexican populations of C. minima. Our results revealed two phylogenetically independent groups, corresponding with different species with sympatric distribution in the tropical Mexican Pacific, C. minima and C. ramosissima sp. nov. Chnoospora ramosissima has the typical morphology of the genus, however, it is distinct in having relatively constant length of the branching segments, that are gradually reducing towards the apical portions, giving the thallus a profusely branched appearance; in addition, cellular measurements also differ between them. In contrast, C. minima, presented five different morphotypes on the Mexican coasts, however, all of them were different from C. ramosissima by having a central branching segment longer than the rest, subsequently reducing towards the apical portions, giving the thallus the appearance of being elongated and little branched.
AI-based prediction of transmission quality in cognitive optical networks
Authors: Patil Shankar M. , Satre Shilpa M. , Chavan Gurunath T. , Kharade Prakash A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quality of Transmission (QoT) prediction is done by a proposed method in optical networks. It uses a Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) model trained with data from a comprehensive optical model. The RBFN model is enhanced with several techniques to improve its accuracy. The key objective is to enhance hardware utilization by significantly reducing the required system margin, potentially up to the order of dBs. To achieve this, the study employs the Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) model, capitalizing on input data related to connectivity and signal characteristics for QoT prediction. The proposed method achieves good performance (MSE: 0.802, MAE: 0.2) but is slower than some existing methods. However, compared to these existing methods, the proposed method has 1.54 %, 5.32 %, and 5.46 % higher performance than SOM-RBF, AHFSE, and Wavelet-chaos NN. This research also contributes to the field by introducing a new cognitive-based QoT model that uses deep learning techniques. The study showcases the potential for practical implementation and optimization in relevant applications, emphasizing the intersection of artificial intelligence and optical network resource utilization.
Replication and methodological robustness in quantitative typology
Authors: Becker Laura , Guzmán Naranjo Matías 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Replication and replicability are fundamental tools to ensure that research results can be verified by an independent third party, reproducing the original study and ideally finding similar results. Yet, replication has not played a very important role in language typology so far, with most of the discussion around replication concerned with different types of language samples and sampling methods. This study addresses the issue of replication in typology in a different way. We use the original datasets of four previous typological studies (Berg 2020; Dryer 2018; Seržant 2021; Shcherbakova et al. 2023) to show how statistical modeling can be used to test methodological robustness in typology. We do so employing advanced statistical bias controls, namely phylogenetic regression for genetic effects and a Gaussian Process for contact effects. While we could replicate some of the original results, parts of our findings differed from the original ones, revealing important methodological insights. Our comparisons show that more advanced statistical techniques that can model the phylogenetic and contact relations between languages pick up more complex patterns in the data than traditional sampling methods, and they capture more of the real relations between languages and their effects on linguistic structure.
The cognitive processing of nouns and verbs in second language reading: an eye-tracking study
Authors: Jiang Jiayi , Huang Lingshan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the cognitive processing of nouns and verbs in second language (L2) reading, aiming to investigate the potential differences and their effects on comprehension performance. Twenty-five Chinese students read an English text while their eye movements were recorded. A reading comprehension test evaluated the participants’ L2 reading comprehension performance. The results reveal a significant difference in total reading time between nouns and verbs. Additionally, total reading time, gaze duration, and the number of fixations on both nouns and verbs are negatively correlated with L2 reading comprehension performance. These findings suggest that while the initial processing mechanisms of nouns and verbs may be similar, they diverge in late stages of processing.
Effect of sandblasting and aging on structural and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 coated steels for marine applications
Authors: Durmuş Hülya , Çömez Nilay , Gül Canser 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In present study, the Inconel 625 alloy was coated using TIG welding method, and the coating was subjected to sandblasting and artificial aging. The coating samples were examined by wear and corrosion tests to evaluate their performance in marine applications. The study characterized different sample groups for the purposes of coating steel samples, coating surfaces by deformation, applying aging processes, and observing the combined effects of aging and deformation. Wet-sliding wear and corrosion tests were conducted in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The presence of compressive stresses resulting from sandblasting and aging led to microstructural changes, while formation of δ, γ′, γ″ phases and complex carbides contributed to increased wear and corrosion resistance. Deformation supported the precipitation of γ′, γ″ phases and carbides. Aging increased the hardness by 30 %, whereas the sandblasting process doubled up the hardness of as-deposited coating. Maximum corrosion resistance was obtained in the aged sample without applying sandblasting.
Raw Materials and Technological Choices: Case Study of Neolithic Black Pottery From the Middle Yangtze River Valley of China
Authors: Li Guoyuan , Tian Hui , Li Qiang , Shan Siwei , Zhao Jing , Li Tao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Neolithic black pottery from continental Eurasia has attracted scholarly interest since the 1930s, yet its diverse production and use remains poorly understood. This study examined 165 black pottery sherds from Fenghuangzui, a walled town in the middle Yangtze River valley of China, to investigate raw materials and technological choices during the Upper Qujialing (5300–4500 cal BP) and Shijiahe (4500–4200 cal BP) periods. Raman analysis confirms that carbon black was the sole colorant, formed through the absorption of carbon particles. Microscopic examinations categorized 104 fine-paste sherds into 4 sub-groups based on surface texture, identifying 3 clay sources (AA, BB, and BB*) through chemical analysis. AA and BB were the primary sources during both periods, while BB and BB* were preferred in the Shijiahe period for higher-quality serving and drinking vessels linked to feasting. Thin-section petrography and thermal expansion curves indicate the use of local raw materials and firing temperatures of 820–920°C. The consistent clay sources and firing conditions suggest stable practices, while the correlation between certain clay sources and finer pots indicates the potter’s adaptability to specific needs, reflecting the active role of Fenghuangzui inhabitants in sociopolitical events during the Shijiahe period.
Exercise-induced neurogenesis through BDNF-TrkB pathway: implications for neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Lee Jun Jie , Sitjar Patrick Henry Sebastian , Ang Eng Tat , Goh Jorming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Current scientific endeavours in the field of geroscience have begun to reveal how factors such as exercise could modulate the brain aging process. In this review, we ask how exercise could potentially modulate aging, and by extension, the development of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Furthermore, we discuss how exercise could mitigate the cascade of debilitating manifestations in AD. Mechanistically, we discuss how biomolecules such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its cognate receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) could change during the life course and how its signalling pathways could be altered with exercise (acute sessions or chronic training). Tackling these questions could help the scientific and medical community mitigate age-related decline in terms of neurological functions.
Evaluating the potential therapeutic effect of Rosa damascena Mill. essential oil on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats
Authors: Özbeyli Dilek , Yiğit Hanoğlu Duygu , Çilingir-Kaya Özlem Tuğçe , Aykac Asli 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, Rosa damascena Mill. essential oil (RDEO) was aimed to evaluate its potential anti-inflammatory and mitochondria-mediated anti-apoptotic effects in vitro and in vivo in acetic acid (AA)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model.

Methods
In the UC rat model, RDEO (100 μL/kg, p.o.) or sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/p.o.) was administered to the treatment groups. After decapitation, the UC activity index, colon mass index, and macroscopic and microscopic damages were determined in rat colon tissue. TNF-α levels and MPO activity were measured to evaluate the effect of the inflammation in the colon. Changes in the expression levels ofBcl-2, Bax, casp-3, and casp-9 proteins, which are indicators of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis were determined by the Western blot method.

Results
Our study results revealed that AA-induction caused a significant increase in colitis activity index (CAI), colon mass index (CMI), and macroscopic and microscopic damages in rat colon tissue. It shows that RDEO treatment has an effective curative effect by reducing AA-induced inflammation (TNF-α and MPO activity), CAI, CMI, pro-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2, Bax, Casp-3, and Casp-9), and morphological damages in rat colon tissue.

Conclusions
All these results suggest that RDEO may have suppressed changes in colon tissue due to its ability to reduce AA-induced inflammation and apoptosis. The results of this study showed that RDEO was beneficial in UC and, like other herbal anti-inflammatory agents, RDEO did not cause gastrointestinal side effects.
ENSINO SUPERIOR E O MERCADO DE TRABALHO NO BRASIL
Authors: Mariano Jefferson 
Published: February 2025

O estudo analisa perspectivas de inserção no mercado de trabalho para profissionais que concluem o ensino superior no Brasil. Desse modo, comparara a evolução no número de pessoas que concluíram o ensino superior em relação a capacidade de absorção do mercado de trabalho. Sinaliza dificuldades relativas aos movimentos associados as crises econômicas e, também decorrentes das características dos processos de formação oferecidos nos cursos de nível superior. Por fim indica que elementos como a recente crise econômica e a desregulamentação do mercado de trabalho em 2017 contribuem também para esse processo.
First-year students' experience of a WebQuest to explore the University's online resources and virtual learning environment
Authors: Barnard-Ashton Paula Monique , Van der Linde Janine , Rothberg Alan , McInerney Patricia 
Published: February 2025

First-year students present with diverse digital literacy skills. Orientation to online tools and resources via a WebQuest was introduced as a novel modality to allow students to work at their own pace. Occupational therapy and physiotherapy students (N=383) over three consecutive academic years completed the WebQuest. A descriptive survey design was used to investigate the students' elecgronic media preferences and their perceptions of the WebQuest. The students (n=250) reported preference for personal computing and home-based internet, and rated their electronic media proficiency as very good. The WebQuest was seen as beneficial to their learning and the difficulty level of the WebQuest was "just right". The majority of the studentsfelt that the WebQuest made the learning process more interesting, but were more ambivalent regarding their enjoyment of the Webquest, possibly due to technical issues and experiencing it as being time consuming. Overall the WebQuest was a successful modality for orientating the students to the online tools and resources of the University
La evaluación actitudinal en la formación de profesores de “Educación Física” en Chile ¿En qué estamos y hacia dónde vamos?
Authors: Peña Troncoso Sebastian , Toro Arévalo Sergio , Pazos Couto José María , Pérez Norambuena Samuel , Rocuant Urzúa Adolfo , Cartier Thuillier Bastian , Peña Troncoso Anita Elizabeth 
Published: February 2025

Los aspectos pedagógicos y disciplinares en los procesos formativos de profesores de educación física son importantes por las implicancias en las futuras prácticas escolares en el contexto chileno. Este estudio evalúa las actitudes de los estudiantes de educación física a partir de las creencias que tienen respecto a la planificación del aprendizaje, la evaluación formativa, la motricidad y sus manifestaciones. El estudio fue metodológicamente descriptivo e inferencial y de cohorte transversal. Participaron 750 estudiantes de 13 universidades chilenas, de los cuales se consideraron 619 sujetos, 54,6% (338 hombres) y 45,4 % (281 mujeres) de entre 21 y 25 años. Se utilizó para la recolección de datos un instrumento ad hoc “Cuestionario de Aprendizaje Conceptual, Procedimental y Actitudinal en el Profesorado de Educación Física en Formación Inicial” (CACPA-FIDEF) elaborado como parte del proyecto Fondecyt nº 11190537. Los principales resultados indican que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas sólo en el dominio motricidad y sus manifestaciones en función de las edades comprendidas entre 21 y 23 años, con resultados específicos de la prueba Anova de f = 2,294 p < 0,05. En conclusión, se observa una alta valoración de los docentes en formación frente a los tres dominios, entregándoles gran relevancia al contexto donde se ejecutan las clases (planificación), a las capacidades personales y el proceso evaluativo (evaluación formativa) y la salud y desarrollo cognitivo de los y las estudiantes (motricidad).
Rotulagem frontal de alimentos em países do MERCOSUL: estratégia para reduzir o excesso de nutrientes críticos
Authors: Silva Wilma Fabiana Ferreira da , Bezerra Ingrid Wilza Leal , Solans Andrea Mónica , Seabra Larissa Mont’Alverne Jucá 
Published: February 2025

O modelo de rotulagem frontal determina a presença de símbolos de advertência nos alimentos embalados, evidenciando a qualidade nutricional dos alimentos. Este estudo é uma revisão narrativa de literatura e análise documental das legislações referentes à rotulagem frontal de alimentos em países membros do Mercosul. Na Argentina e no Uruguai, os alimentos com teores de nutrientes críticos superiores aos valores estabelecidos por lei devem trazer, na face principal da embalagem, um selo de advertência, em forma de octógono preto, para cada nutriente crítico em excesso. No Brasil e no Paraguai, o símbolo de advertência determinado foi a lupa, um padrão de alerta que não é tão eficaz, de acordo com alguns estudos. Os dados mostram que a rotulagem frontal é uma realidade nos países do Mercosul e um instrumento importante para promover o acesso à uma informação nutricional de alimentos embalados.
Sea lamprey display context-dependent attraction to specific types of turbulence within a laboratory flume
Authors: Dennis Clark E. , Ranjan Pallav , Suski Cory , Tinoco Rafael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The development of stimuli to guide fish can both conserve native species and prevent the spread of invasive species. The manipulation of hydrodynamic features (e.g., velocity, turbulence intensity, eddy size and orientation) is a promising stimulus that can either attract or repel fishes. Management of anguilliform fishes, such as eels and lamprey, could benefit from strategies that direct upstream-swimming behavior to targeted areas, however the hydrological cues that either attract or repel anguilliform fishes have not been identified. Our study sought to define whether features of turbulent flow (specific velocity, turbulent kinetic energy or eddy time scale) could attract or repel upstream-swimming Great Lakes sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) for the purposes of redirection. We used a two-choice laboratory flume outfitted with structures of varying sizes and orientations to generate different turbulent environments, and quantified the preference for each feature by upstream swimming Great Lakes sea lamprey. Data showed that sea lamprey choices are not based on preference for a single, specific velocity, turbulent kinetic energy or eddy time scale. Rather, lamprey have context-dependent attraction to the turbulent features generated, showing a complex decision framework dependent on competing flow conditions. Results can be used to enhance trap efficiency for upstream migrating Great Lakes sea lamprey.
Percutaneous Stenting for Superior Vena Cava Stenosis Following Surgical Repair of Congenital Heart Defects: A Two-Case Report
Authors: Papadopoulos Georgios E. , Ninios Ilias , Evangelou Sotirios , Ioannides Andreas , Ninios Vlasis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background: Superior vena cava (SVC) stenosis is a rare but serious complication following surgical repair of congenital heart defects, often resulting in significant venous congestion, facial and upper extremity swelling, increased venous pressures, and impaired hemodynamics. Surgical re-intervention carries substantial risks, whereas percutaneous stenting offers a minimally invasive and effective alternative.
Case presentation: We present two cases of symptomatic SVC stenosis following congenital heart defect repair. Both patients underwent detailed imaging with cardiac MRI and CT angiography, confirming severe SVC stenosis. Percutaneous intervention was performed using self-expanding Wallstents deployed under fluoroscopic guidance, with tailored post-dilation strategies to optimize luminal expansion. Immediate symptomatic relief was achieved in both cases, with complete resolution of venous congestion. Post-procedure anticoagulation included warfarin for six months, followed by long-term aspirin therapy. Follow-up imaging demonstrated sustained stent patency without restenosis or thrombosis.
Conclusion: These cases highlight percutaneous stenting as a viable and effective approach for managing post-surgical SVC stenosis, offering a safe alternative to surgical re-intervention. Future research should focus on optimizing stent designs and post-procedural management strategies to further improve patient outcomes.