bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Lipid Profile in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Muhaisen Ahmed Hasan , Saddam Ahmed Chaloob 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the role of Grape Seed extracts (GSE) from three grape cultivars (Ahmer, Halawani, and Kamali) grown in Iraq as well as pomace on lipid profile in diabetic mice. Fifty adult female mice were divided into five groups. Negative control (untreatment), positive control (treated) diabetic, and diabetic mice treated with GSE. After six weeks; serum and liver tissue homogenate parameters were evaluated. HPLC results showed that Ahmer (red grape seeds) has highest concentration of proanthocyanidins polymers catechine, procyanidin, and epicatechine (796, 170, and 244) μg/g, respectively For that it was chosen for mice dosage, while the lowest amounts were in pomace 489, 99, and 143 μg/g, respectively. Oral dose of grape seed natural extract (600 mg/kg/day) reduced the level of lipid profile: TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL, (106.83±2.13, 84.66±4.27,13.83±1.16 and 21.33±1.21) respectively, except HDL which respectively was increased to 76.33±1.03. GSE were normalized the elevated levels of kidneys and liver functions. Similarly, Liver histological analysis shows that GSE groups exhibited morphology near to that of the control group.
Manufacturing Functional Biscuits for Children and Studying Chemical Analysis, Sensory Characteristics and Storage Period
Authors: Mustafa Entisar Dawood , Yaseen Sabraa Saad , Khalaf Anwar Ahmed , Al-Hadidy Yasmeen I. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture, University of Tikrit, where functional biscuits were produced that treat some pathological conditions in children from malnutrition and intestinal diseases, which were prepared with different mixtures to find out which of these mixtures is better. Among the studied treatments, the standard treatment amounted to 4, while the treatments began to decrease until it recorded 3.19 in treatment D, and the results of the chemical analysis observed an increase in moisture and ash in treatment D to reach (4.33, 2.66)%, respectively, while fat and protein recorded the highest percentage in treatment B, which amounted to (9.97, 16.71)%, but carbohydrates had the highest percentage in the standard treatment, which amounted to 76.12%. Through the sensory evaluation of the samples and through the sensory evaluation, the results showed that the characteristic of color was high in treatments B and C, which amounted to 19 compared to other treatments, while the characteristic of taste and flavor increased in treatment C, which scored 29, while the characteristic of texture was high in the two treatments A, C which amounted to 19. When the treatments were stored in polyethylene bags for a period of 28 days at room temperature and the hardness was measured, the highest value was for treatment A, which ranged from (4.32-7). This indicates that the addition of materials high in the percentage of protein increases the hardness of biscuits with an increase in the storage period.
Relationship of FASN Gene Polymorphism in Growth Performance and Wool Traits of Awassi Sheep
Authors: Almaamory Yasseen A. , Al-Anbari N. N. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe study was conducted in the sheep farm of the Al-Fayhaa station in the Jableh sub-district / Al-Musaib project (55 km south of Baghdad), as well as the Biotechnology Laboratory in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad for the period from 5/1/2022 to 30/10/2022. With the aim of detecting, the polymorphism in the FASN gene and its relationship to growth and wool production, as well as the Polymorphism distribution and allele frequency in 52 Awassi sheep and its lambs, three polymorphism appeared in this variant (G>A SNP), which are GG, GA, and AA, and their percentage were 63.46, 32.69 and 3.85%, and the differences between them were highly significant (P≤0.01) with a frequency of 0.70 and 0.30 for alleles G and A, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the body weight of lambs at birth was significantly (P≤0.05) affected by the difference in the FASN gene polymorphism (G>A SNP), and reached a maximum for lambs produced from mothers with a heterozygous genotype GA (4.22 kg) and then the mutant genotype AA (4.21 kg), The rate of weight gain between birth and weaning was also significantly affected by this variant of the FASN gene for wild-type GG (14.68 kg). It appeared that there was a significant variation (P≤0.05) in the fiber diameter of wool according to the FASN gene polymorphism (G>A SNP). We can conclude by studying the genetic features in the FASN gene that they can be adopted in developing strategies for genetic improvement of sheep, and the application of the study to a larger sample and several sites and extracting the interaction between two SNPs would give more accurate results and determine the best method for managing and improving sheep flocks.
Isolation, Purification and Characterization of the Active Compounds from Ganoderma spp. and Evaluation of its Activities in Inhibiting the Growth of the Pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria tenuissima
Authors: Saadi Mahmoud Adel , Hassan Abdullah Abdulkareem 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The main objectives of the present study include purification of the active Compounds from the medecinal mushroom, Ganoderma spp. for inhibiting the growth of the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria tenuissima. The antifungal activity of the protein content separated by gel filtration chromatography for four strains of Ganoderma mushroom; G. resinaceum strain Has.AA-8(ON834527.1), G. applanatum strain Has.AA-6 (ON834523.1), G. resinaceum strain 1049 (MN448375) and G. lucidum strain Has.AA-7 (ON834541.1)was studied. The results showed presence of 6,8,8 and 9 inhibitory protein peaks against the phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria tenuissima related to these mushroom strains, respectively. Among these protein fractions, three inhibitory enzymes namely, chitinase, β-glucanase and protease were identified. The results showed the highest chitinase activity and the inhibitory effect were recorded in the fractions 14 and 16 of the protein contents of G. lucidum Has.AA-7 and G. resinaceum 1049, in which, chitinase activity reached 3.11 and 3.06 units / ml, respectively, while the inhibition zones were 1.4 cm for both pathogenic fungi and 0.9 and 1 cm for F. oxysporum and A. tenuissima, respectively, while the highest β-glucanase activities were 1.62 unit/ml in the protein contents of G. lucidum Has.AA-7 which record the inhibition zone of 1.3 cm for both pathogenic fungi, compared to the β-glucanase of G. applanatum Has.AA-6 and G. resinaceum 1049 which recorded the highest inhibition zone (1.4 cm) for F. oxysporum. The results also showed the highest protease activities were 28.04 and 27.75 unit/ml from the fractions 32 and 46 of the protein content of G. resinaceum 1049 and G. resinaceum Has.AA-8, with the highest inhibition zones (1.7 and 1.4 cm) for F. oxysporum and (1.2 and 1.1 cm) for A. tenuissima, respectively. Its clearly from this results, Ganoderma spp. produces a wide range of protein substances that inhibit phytopathogenic fungi, F. oxysporum and A. tenuissima.
Analysis of Hotspots and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) of Polluted Habitats using ArcGIS Pro.: A Case Study in the Sea of Najaf and Surrounding Terrestrial Area
Authors: Jasim Ali Kareem , Walli Hazim Abed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Sea of Najaf, which is a natural groundwater. 60 samples were studied to locate the amount of 4 heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, and Cd) in each sample. With the analysis of three different types of pollution indicators (pollution factor, geographic accumulation index, and enrichment factor), the first heavy metal for which a significant difference can be seen is chromium. The high level of chromium was (101) μg/g, and the low was (50. 9) μg/g. This indicates that the soil was contaminated. Manganese is the second heavy metal with low to moderate contamination. It can be found in soil samples with a maximum concentration of (1022) μg/g and a minimum concentration of (254) μg/g. For cobalt and cadmium levels, the measured amounts do not differ much from the normal limit. This means that the water is not contaminated with them. Contamination indicators are placed in different areas to see what minerals could be in the sediments and where they came from. The results of the study showed that mineral levels were often higher near the edge of the lake than they were further afield. You can find the source of the mineral contamination in the sediments, some of the pollution markers were above the maximum on the beaches but were just below the maximum on the lake. The inverse distance weighted (IDW) in ArcGIS Pro approach is one of the most frequently employed interpolation techniques. It is used to estimate the value of a site that has not yet been assessed by comparing it to the values of nearby sites, the hot spot in ArcGIS Pro This program uses data queries to figure out which parameters for hot spot analysis give the best performance statistics may generate a map with event points or weighted features that show statistically significant hot and cold areas, the results show the distribution of minerals as a map Chromium and manganese are found in nearby farms in high concentrations, A pH test revealed between (7.9) to (10.5), The EC measurement showed between (2.3-4.3) ds/m for water, while the soil ranged between (6.3 – 10.1) ds/m, This indicates that the water and soil are salty. The turbidity ranged between( 13.1 - 8.5) NTU.
Assessment of Environmental Contamination by Toxic Heavy Metals in Settled Dust in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: Al-Jbury Mohammed Mana Shayyal , Al-Kasser Mohammed Khadom 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Settled dust is considered one of the environmental pollutants that are dangerous to human health and other living organisms, especially in our country, Iraq, which is characterized by the frequent occurrence of dust storms and the paucity of rainfall. Therefore, this study came in order to calculate the amounts of settled dust on some areas of the Iraqi city of Diwaniyah and in various directions during summer seasons 2022, as well as to measure the concentrations of some toxic heavy metals present in this dust and to know the extent of pollution of the city’s environment through the use of some approved pollution indicators in different parts of the world. The results of the study showed that the area located near the Department of nationality in Al-Diwaniyah recorded the highest amount of settled dust, amounting to (139.419 g/m2/month) during the month of June, and that the industrial area recorded the highest rate of settled dust during the study period, with average (116.172 g/m2/month), and the general dust precipitation rate amounted to (105,12 g/m2/month), The average concentrations of heavy metals ranged between(1.113-2.695, 14.689-53.010, 16.103-42.353, 33.769-64.162) for the metals Cd, Pb, Cu, and Cr respectively. While the studied pollution indicators showed that the dust of the city of Diwaniyah was mostly containing high concentrations of these metals, which calls for taking measures that would reduce pollution rates, especially with regard to the cadmium element, whose concentrations were observed to be higher than the permissible global limits.
The Intensity of the Biological Effect and Stress of Extracts of the Aerial Parts of Artemisia herba-alba-on Algae (Klisinema persicum)
Authors: Al-Khazali Zahra K. M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Inhibitory impact of Artemisia herba-alba extract on Klisinema persicum growth was investigated. This study looked at the effects of different concentrations of A. herba-alba extracts on the growth and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and Catalase) activity of K. persicum in order to determine the optimal dose range for the good anti-algal action. Concentrations were used (2.5,5, 10, 20, 40,80 and 160) mg. L-1 as well as control. Results showed that both crude extracted, alcoholic extract, and aqueous extract of A. herba-alba had an obvious inhibitory effect on K. persicum growth, as such the obtained results demonstrated A. herba-alba crude extracted inhibited algal growth more efficiently than alcoholic extract and aqueous extract of A. herba-alba. This investigation found that a dose of 10 mg. L-1 with above 50% of IR of extracted crude, alcoholic extractand aqueous of A. herba-alba was best, based on changes in algal cell density and inhibitory ratio (IR). Additionally, after 4 days, the extracted A. herba-alba group saw a significant decline in Chlorophyll-a concentration and antioxidant enzymes activity, falling below the detection threshold. Our findings may pave the way for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying inhibitory effects on dangerous algae, which in turn could lead to the creation of novel anti-algal materials.
Methane and Hydrocarbon Emission Rates from Oil and Gas Production in the Province of Basra, South of Iraq
Authors: Alsabbagh Maha R. , Al-Muhyi Abdul Haleem , Azeez Nayyef M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Petroleum deposits typically contain a gaseous component known as “associated gas”. If associated gas is not collected or used on-site, it may be flared or vented as a byproduct of oil production. Flaring is preferential to venting in terms of global warming. Flaring oxidizes carbon and produces CO2, but by destroying methane and other hydrocarbons, it decreases the overall risk of global warming emissions. On a 100-year time scale, fossil methane is 36 times more potent than CO2. The measurements were taken at six oil fields (AlTuba, Allhais, Artawi, North Rumaila, Nahran Omar, and Majnoon) and two power plants (Alnajebia power plant and Shatt Al-Basra). To measure the concentrations of hydrocarbons, a direct measurement was taken for six months. ANOVA test was used to analyze the results at p ≤ 0.05 and a correlation between hydrocarbon concentrations, wind speed, and temperature was done. The result showed that the hydrocarbons were found in all stations, in all measurements with different concentrations except in Alnajebia and Shatt Al-Basra power plant at first measurements, the device did not detect hydrocarbons concentration. The highest average of hydrocarbon concentrations was at Allhais which was recorded as 995, 598.15, 418.7, 358.89 and 279.13 ppm for methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane respectively. The lowest average was found at the majnoon oil field for methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane 395, 238.8, 167.16, 142.2 and 111.4 ppm respectively. The relationship between the average hydrocarbon concentrations with the average monthly wind speed and with average monthly temperature was positive.
Production of Environmental Sensitivity Maps for Desertification in Southern Marshes of Iraq
Authors: Al-Yasiry Ahmed F. , Al-Lami Alaa M. , Al-Maliki Ali 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The arid and semi-arid regions have faced critical desertification problems in the last decades. This phenomenon is caused either by human actions or natural circumstances. The study aims to identify the sensitive areas of desertification in the marshlands of southern Iraq using the Environmental Sensitivity Areas Index (ESAI) for desertification. The study area is located between longitudes (46.1° to 48.1° E) and latitude (29.55° to 32.55° N), which includes parts of the governorates of Al-Amarah, Al-Basara and Al-Nasiriyah in southern Iraq with an area of about 27,989 km2. Satellite image processing for the Landsat OLI sensor of 2021 was adopted to characterize the general appearance of the interest area. Arc Gis ver.10.7 programs were used to analyze different data and produce the Desertification Sensitivity Index (DSI) and maps for the parameters for evaluating southern marshes’ desertification. Nine parameters are grouped into three orderly indices concerning the behaviour of desertification, and weighting factors are assigned in each index. This study found that the study area highly sensitive to desertification represents (10781.14 km2 of the total area) about 38.52% of the study area. The area sensitive to desertification covers about 38.42%, about 10752.92 km2 of the total area. Areas of low sensitivity to desertification appear throughout the marshes, representing 23.06%, about 6454.67 km2 of the total area. The result shows that the area is suffering from reduced water supplies and the human destruction of natural grazing areas for urban expansion or cultivation of seasonal crops.
Improving the Mechanical Properties of Dunes Soils in Southern Iraq by Adding Carboxymethyl cellulose
Authors: Yahia Mohammed Mahdi M. , Muttashar Wisam R. , Shbaar Hella A. , Haddad Athir M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Due to climate change, resultant dunes zones have increasingly been a severe issue for the environment and people. Its impacts turn out on land degradation and reduction of surface moisture. This research aims to experimentally analyse the mechanical behaviour of desert Dunes soils by adding Polymer type Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) resin. The collected soil samples were from a site adjacent to Nasiriya–Baghdad highway in Thi-Qar province. The experimental design was set up into two groups with different percentages of the polymer material (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and different weight percentages of water added to the natural soil (dunes soil). Compaction, classification, and shear strength tests are the essential measurements of the samples in this study. The analysis shows that the natural dunes soil is low plasticity sandy silt with a friction angle of about 31.40. Both groups, PNS and POM, reveal nearly the same changes in PHI angles. They increase at the first Polymer addition (5%) and decrease at the third addition (15%) and return to increase at the fourth addition (20%). This means that the best polymer addition is at 5%, and the worst addition is at 15% even though the change in PHI angle adequately is not high.
A Statistical Analysis of the Effects of Afforestation on the Environment in Iraq (Northern Iraq)
Authors: Ghayyib Manar Naji , Al-Rubaie Amir Ibrahim Fuleih , Adnan Farah Alaa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe significance of the research conducted in northern Iraq comes despite the expansion of afforestation projects; yet, the suffering of the forests has increased due to their lack of scientific study, unpredictability of the climate, and adverse effects on the spread and growth of plant species Therefore, the goal of the study is to understand the effects of afforestation through a statistical analysis of plant diversity in northern Iraq and its distinctivenessThe analysis revealed that natural groupings had improved qualitatively more than other groups, particularly some dwindling species that are able to compete and occupy new areas. drought-prone vegetation, vegetation, and climate change. Restoring natural land vegetation is beneficial for sustaining and enhancing biodiversity, and it is important at environmentally endangered sites of degradation or erosion
The Effect of Immersing the Bud Cuttings with a Combination of NAA and BA Growth Regulators and the Addition of Optimus Plus Nanofertilizer in Improving some Vegetative Qualities of Ber Seedlings Apple Variety
Authors: Al-Saadi Mohammed Qassem Karim , Al-Tamimi Harith Mahmoud Aziz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The study was carried out during the growing season 2022 in one of the orchards located in Al-Sajla area / Al-Khairat district / Holy Karbala governorate On seed Sidr varieties two years old. To find out the effect of immersing bait pens, an apple cultivar was treated with a combination of growth regulators in three concentrations (0, 40 + 20, 40 + 80 mg.L-1) and symbol (A0, A1, A2) in sequence, and the addition of Optimus Pius nano fertilizer in three concentrations (0, 20, 40 m. L-1) and its symbol (B0, B1, B2) sequentially and the overlap between them in the vegetative traits of Sidr seedlings, apple cultivar. The experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) as a factorial experiment with three replications. The results showed that immersing the grafting pen with a combination of growth regulators at A1 concentration had a significant effect on vegetative traits (percentage of vaccination success, main stem length, main stem diameter, number of lateral branches, number of leaves and leaf area) amounted to (88.900%, 142.567 cm, 40.047 mm 17.447 branch. Sapling, 827 leaf. Sapling, 22.567 cm2. sapling-1) sequentially compared to the comparison treatment, Ground fertilization with nano-fertilizer at a concentration of B2 also led to a significant increase in (percentage of vaccination success, main stem length, main stem diameter, number of lateral branches, number of leaves and leaf area) amounting to (88.900%, 144.900 cm, 40.150 mm, 17.667 branch. Sapling, 828 leaves. Seedling-1, 22.967 cm2. sapling-1) sequentially compared with the comparison treatment. The bilateral interaction between the two study factors also led to a significant effect on all vegetative characteristics of Sidr seedlings of an apple variety, especially when treated (A1 B2) compared to the comparison treatment of the overlap.
Interaction Between Typha domingensis and Bacteria Bacillus sp. to Treatment of Wastewater Polluted by Kerosene
Authors: Qays Hawra , Almansoory Asia Fadhile , Al-Baldawi Israa Abdulwahab 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Water pollution with Kerosene is considered as a serious environmental problem in Basrah. Typha domingensis was used to treat kerosene-contaminated water in the construction wetland system. The Isolated bacteria was the most efficient in degradation Kerosene. Bacteria isolated from contaminated water by hydrocarbons of four stations in Basrah, these isolates were tested to show efficiency in degrading hydrocarbons to be used in phytoremediation of water contamination with hydrocarbons. Twelve bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus sp. The Isolated bacteria (B11) was the most efficient in degradation oil hydrocarbons based on these used in the phytotoxicity test. The phytotoxicity experiment was conducted for 72 days in two glass basins containing water contaminated with 5% kerosene concentration with T. domingensis. The Isolate bacterial were added to two glass basins to test the interaction of the bacterial degradation with the plant and two contaminated ponds without plant and two with pollutant and bacteria without plant with control basin free from pollutant, the temperature between (20.6-36.2)°C, dissolved oxygen between (2.5-7.4) mg / L. The rate of kerosene removal from the water contaminated in the ponds of the plant without bacteria and plant with bacteria, bacteria only and control (76.5%), (81.9)%, (74.1%), (57.4) respectively.
Assessing the Microbial Safety of Drinking Water in Basrah Province: A study of Three Water Treatment Plants
Authors: Al-Jaberi Zahraa A. , Al-Abbawy Dunya A. H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Investigation of the bacterial factors affecting the three main drinking water purification stations (Al-Qurna, Al-Abbas, and Al-Buradieiah) located in various regions of Basrah Governorate was done. Water samples were taken monthly from September 2019 to August 2020. Water samples from the three stations, before and after purification (raw and treated water) were all subjected to microbial investigations that included estimation of the total viable microbial counts, total coliform, total fecal Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella bacteria, and other dangerous bacteria that might be present. The current findings show that all of the stations under study had ineffective purification processes, resulting in pathogen levels in drinkable water that was higher than the limit set by Iraqi criteria and WHO’s desirable limits for drinking water. In the evaluation of all WTPs’ efficacy in terms of microbial elimination, the results show an efficiency rate ranging from 92.09 to 99.72.