bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spin Calogero-Moser models on symmetric spaces
Authors: Reshetikhin Nicolai 
Published: February 2023

In this paper we construct and prove superintegrability of spin Calogero-Moser type systems on symplectic leaves of

K
1

∖

T
∗

G

/

K
2

K_1\backslash T^*G/K_2

where

K
1

,

K
2

⊂
G

K_1,\space K_2\subset G

are subgroups. We call them two-sided spin Calogero-Moser systems. One important type of such systems correspond to

K
1

=

K
2

=
K

K_1=K_2=K

where

K
K

is a subgroup of fixed points of Chevalley involution

θ
:
G
→
G

\theta : G\to G

. The other important series of examples come from pair

G
⊂
G
×
G

G\subset G\times G

with the diagonal embedding. We explicitly describe examples of such systems corresponding to symplectic leaves of rank one when

G
=
S

L
n

G=SL_n

.
Higher dietary protein intake is associated with sarcopenia in older British twins
Authors: Ni Lochlainn Mary , Bowyer Ruth C E , Welch Ailsa A , Whelan Kevin , Steves Claire J 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Sarcopenia, characterised by an accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is associated with negative outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with skeletal muscle strength, mass and sarcopenia, particularly protein intake, and to assess whether shared twin characteristics are important.

Methods
This study utilised cross-sectional data from a study of community-dwelling twins aged ≥60 years. Multivariable logistic regression and between- and within-twin pair regression modelling were used.

Results
Participants (n = 3,302) were 89% female (n = 2,923), aged a mean of 72.1 (±7.3) years and composed of 858 (55%) monozygotic, 709 (45%) dizygotic twin pairs and 168 individual lone twins. Using optimal protein intake as the reference group (1.0–1.3 g/kg/day), there was no significant association between protein intake (neither high nor low) and low muscle strength, or between low protein intake and sarcopenia (odds ratio (OR) 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–1.25; P = 0.229) in unadjusted models. High protein intake (&gt;1.3 g/kg/day) was associated with low muscle mass (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.39–2.24; P &lt; 0.0001), while low protein intake was protective (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.40–0.67; P &lt; 0.0001). High protein intake was associated with sarcopenia (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.21–3.44; P = 0.008), and this was robust to adjustment for demographic, anthropometric and dietary factors. The association between muscle strength and weight, body mass index, healthy eating index, protein intake and alpha diversity was not significantly influenced by shared twin factors, indicating greater amenability to interventions.

Conclusions
High protein intake is associated with sarcopenia in a cohort of healthy older twins.
Design and Implementation of the All of Us Research Program COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) Survey
Authors: Schulkey Claire E , Litwin Tamara R , Ellsworth Genevieve , Sansbury Heather , Ahmedani Brian K , Choi Karmel W , Cronin Robert M , Kloth Yasmin , Ashbeck Alan W , Sutherland Scott , Mapes Brandy M , Begale Mark , Bhat Geeta , King Paula , Marginean Kayla , Wolfe Keri Ann , Kouame Aymone , Raquel Carmina , Ratsimbazafy Francis , Bornemeier Zach , Neumeier Kyle , Baskir Rubin , Gebo Kelly A , Denny Joshua , Smoller Jordan W , Garriock Holly A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In response to the rapidly evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the All of Us Research Program longitudinal cohort study developed the COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) survey to better understand the pandemic experiences and health impacts of COVID-19 on diverse populations within the United States. Six survey versions were deployed between May 2020 and March 2021, covering mental health, loneliness, activity, substance use, and discrimination, as well as COVID-19 symptoms, testing, treatment, and vaccination. A total of 104,910 All of Us Research Program participants, of whom over 73% were from communities traditionally underrepresented in biomedical research, completed 275,201 surveys; 9,693 completed all 6 surveys. Response rates varied widely among demographic groups and were lower among participants from certain racial and ethnic minority populations, participants with low income or educational attainment, and participants with a Spanish language preference. Survey modifications improved participant response rates between the first and last surveys (13.9% to 16.1%, P &lt; 0.001). This paper describes a data set with longitudinal COVID-19 survey data in a large, diverse population that will enable researchers to address important questions related to the pandemic, a data set that is of additional scientific value when combined with the program’s other data sources.
A Bayesian Approach for Estimating the Survivor Average Causal Effect When Outcomes Are Truncated by Death in Cluster-Randomized Trials
Authors: Tong Guangyu , Li Fan , Chen Xinyuan , Hirani Shashivadan P , Newman Stanton P , Wang Wei , Harhay Michael O 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany studies encounter clustering due to multicenter enrollment and nonmortality outcomes, such as quality of life, that are truncated due to death—that is, missing not at random and nonignorable. Traditional missing-data methods and target causal estimands are suboptimal for statistical inference in the presence of these combined issues, which are especially common in multicenter studies and cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) carried out among the elderly or seriously ill. Using principal stratification, we developed a Bayesian estimator that jointly identifies the always-survivor principal stratum in a clustered/hierarchical data setting and estimates the average treatment effect among them (i.e., the survivor average causal effect (SACE)). In simulations, we observed low bias and good coverage with our method. In a motivating CRT, the SACE and the estimate from complete-case analysis differed in magnitude, but both were small, and neither was incompatible with a null effect. However, the SACE estimate has a clear causal interpretation. The option to assess the rigorously defined SACE estimand in studies with informative truncation and clustering can provide additional insight into an important subset of study participants. Based on the simulation study and CRT reanalysis, we provide practical recommendations for using the SACE in CRTs and software code to support future research.
Does COVID-19 Vaccination Disturb Menstrual Cycling?
Authors: Weinberg Clarice R 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been reported to have a short-term effect on the menstrual cycle, delaying the onset of the next menses. However, the analytical methods that have been used to study this are subject to a statistical phenomenon called “length-biased sampling” that calls the results into question. Those data are important and should be reanalyzed in an unbiased way.
Africa and the making of Classical literature: on decolonizing Greco-Roman literature syllabi
Authors: Giusti Elena 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article presents the author’s development and teaching of a year-long module on Africa in Greco-Roman literature and its receptions, and the challenges of imagining a decolonized pedagogy in Classics, and specifically in the subfield of Greco-Roman literature. It argues that the equivalence of curriculum ‘diversification’ with ‘decolonization’ can be pernicious in its tokenizing effects, and that a committed practice of decolonizing pedagogy cannot be limited to studying Africa in Greco-Roman texts, but should involve serious engagement with postcolonial and critical race theorists, as much as African authors and authors from the African diaspora engaging meaningfully with the Greco-Roman traditions.
Storying early Alexandria: occluded histories, colonial fantasies
Authors: Blouin Katherine 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
There is something very affective, and also formulaic, about the story of the foundation of Alexandria. What makes it so enduring? What is it really about? And whose story is this? This paper explores the European historiographical tradition regarding the landscape and occupation of the site of Alexandria prior to and at the time of the city’s foundation. The number of publications on ancient Alexandria from its foundation in 331 bce to the Arab conquest of 642 ce is immense. Yet what interests me here is neither ancient Alexandria nor its early occupation per se, but rather the story European(ized) scholars have been telling about it, and how this story relates to land, people, and power. As such, it is a study in intellectual history.
Resting-state neural correlates of visual Gestalt experience
Authors: Wilding Marilena , Ischebeck Anja , Zaretskaya Natalia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Subjective perceptual experience is influenced not only by bottom-up sensory information and experience-based top-down processes, but also by an individual’s current brain state. Specifically, a previous study found increased prestimulus insula and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) activity before participants perceived an illusory Gestalt (global) compared with the non-illusory (local) interpretation of a bistable stimulus. That study provided only a snapshot of the brain state that favors the illusory interpretation. In the current study, we tested whether areas that differentiate between the illusory and non-illusory perception, immediately before stimulus onset, are also associated with an individual’s general tendency to perceive it, which remains stable over time. We examined individual differences in task-free functional connectivity of insula and IPS and related them to differences in the individuals’ duration of the two stimulus interpretations. We found stronger connectivity of the IPS with areas of the default mode and visual networks to be associated with shorter local perceptual phases, i.e. a faster switch to an illusory percept, and an opposite effect for insula connectivity with the early visual cortex. Our findings suggest an important role of IPS and insula interactions with nodes of key intrinsic networks in forming a perceptual tendency toward illusory Gestalt perception.
Proof-of-concept: SCENTinel 1.1 rapidly discriminates COVID-19-related olfactory disorders
Authors: Hunter Stephanie R , Hannum Mackenzie E , Pellegrino Robert , O’Leary Maureen A , Rawson Nancy E , Reed Danielle R , Dalton Pamela H , Parma Valentina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is estimated that 20%–67% of those with COVID-19 develop olfactory disorders, depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant. However, there is an absence of quick, population-wide olfactory tests to screen for olfactory disorders. The purpose of this study was to provide a proof-of-concept that SCENTinel 1.1, a rapid, inexpensive, population-wide olfactory test, can discriminate between anosmia (total smell loss), hyposmia (reduced sense of smell), parosmia (distorted odor perception), and phantosmia (odor sensation without a source). Participants were mailed a SCENTinel 1.1 test, which measures odor detection, intensity, identification, and pleasantness, using one of 4 possible odors. Those who completed the test (N = 287) were divided into groups based on their self-reported olfactory function: quantitative olfactory disorder only (anosmia or hyposmia, N = 135), qualitative olfactory disorder only (parosmia and/or phantosmia; N = 86), and normosmia (normal sense of smell; N = 66). SCENTinel 1.1 accurately discriminates quantitative olfactory disorders, qualitative olfactory disorders, and normosmia groups. When olfactory disorders were assessed individually, SCENTinel 1.1 discriminates between hyposmia, parosmia, and anosmia. Participants with parosmia rated common odors less pleasant than those without parosmia. We provide proof-of-concept that SCENTinel 1.1, a rapid smell test, can discriminate quantitative and qualitative olfactory disorders, and is the only direct test to rapidly discriminate parosmia.
Application of machine learning methods to guide patient management by predicting the risk of malignancy of Bethesda III-V thyroid nodules
Authors: D’Andréa Grégoire , Gal Jocelyn , Mandine Loïc , Dassonville Olivier , Vandersteen Clair , Guevara Nicolas , Castillo Laurent , Poissonnet Gilles , Culié Dorian , Elaldi Roxane , Sarini Jérôme , Decotte Anne , Renaud Claire , Vergez Sébastien , Schiappa Renaud , Chamorey Emmanuel , Château Yann , Bozec Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveIndeterminate thyroid nodules (ITN) are common and often lead to (sometimes unnecessary) diagnostic surgery. We aimed to evaluate the performance of two machine learning methods (ML), based on routinely available features to predict the risk of malignancy (RM) of ITN.DesignMulti-centric diagnostic retrospective cohort study conducted between 2010 and 2020.MethodsAdult patients who underwent surgery for at least one Bethesda III-V thyroid nodule (TN) with fully available medical records were included. Of the 7917 records reviewed, eligibility criteria were met in 1288 patients with 1335 TN. Patients were divided into training (940 TN) and validation cohort (395 TN). The diagnostic performance of a multivariate logistic regression model (LR) and its nomogram, and a random forest model (RF) in predicting the nature and RM of a TN were evaluated. All available clinical, biological, ultrasound, and cytological data of the patients were collected and used to construct the two algorithms.ResultsThere were 253 (19%), 693 (52%), and 389 (29%) TN classified as Bethesda III, IV, and V, respectively, with an overall RM of 35%. Both cohorts were well-balanced for baseline characteristics. Both models were validated on the validation cohort, with performances in terms of specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 90%, 57.3%, 73.4%, 81.4%, 84% (CI95%: 78.5%-89.5%) for the LR model, and 87.6%, 54.7%, 68.1%, 80%, 82.6% (CI95%: 77.4%-87.9%) for the RF model, respectively.ConclusionsOur ML models performed well in predicting the nature of Bethesda III-V TN. In addition, our freely available online nomogram helped to refine the RM, identifying low-risk TN that may benefit from surveillance in up to a third of ITN, and thus may reduce the number of unnecessary surgeries.
Trafficked Adult Males as (Un)Gendered Protection Seekers: Between Presumption of Invulnerability and Exclusion from Membership of a Particular Social Group
Authors: Magugliani Noemi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ Guidelines on International Protection No 7: The Application of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees to Victims of Trafficking and Persons at Risk of Being Trafficked recognize that, although not all trafficked persons fall within the scope of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, some could satisfy all elements of the refugee definition. Such a possibility is not least implicit in the 2000 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, as well as in the 2005 Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. In order to obtain asylum, trafficked persons and their legal representatives tend to rely on the trafficked person being recognized as a member of a particular social group (PSG), and on establishing a well-founded fear of persecution on such a ground. While women trafficked for sexual exploitation have been recognized as members of a PSG in several jurisdictions, although not always in a consistent manner, the recognition of trafficked men as members of a PSG has proven to be more challenging. It is argued that the difficulties faced by adult men are attributable to the gender stereotyping operationalized by asylum decision-making bodies, which have consistently failed to recognize the gender dimension of trafficking with respect to men and boys, focusing almost entirely on women and girls as gendered subjects. In addition, the difficulties are also attributable to the nature of the exploitation to which most trafficked men are subjected, as forced labour and forced criminality are considered ‘lesser’ harms than sexual exploitation, and because violations of socio-economic rights as a ground for asylum are not yet fully recognized. This contribution explores the theoretical underpinnings of these two elements and their impact on the assessment of asylum claims brought by trafficked adult men, using the United Kingdom as a case study.
Usefulness of EUCAST rapid antibiotic susceptibility breakpoints and screening cut-off values directly from blood cultures for the inference of β-lactam resistance mechanisms in Enterobacterales
Authors: Cerrudo V , Cortés-Cuevas J L , García-Fernández S , Morosini M I , Cantón R , Sánchez-Díaz A M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundReducing the turnaround time for reporting antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results is important for adjusting empirical treatments and may impact clinical outcomes of septic patients, particularly in settings with high antimicrobial resistance. Disc diffusion could be useful for inferring β-lactam resistance mechanisms.ObjectivesTo evaluate the usefulness of EUCAST rapid AST (RAST) disc diffusion breakpoints for the screening of resistance mechanisms (sRAST) and interpretive reading of resistance phenotypes to infer ESBL and carbapenemases production in Enterobacterales.MethodsBlood cultures were artificially spiked with Enterobacterales clinical isolates with well-characterized β-lactam resistance mechanisms (n = 93), WT phenotypes (n = 26) and ATCC strains (n = 8). AST was performed by disc diffusion directly from blood cultures and inhibition zones were manually measured at 4, 6 and 8 h. To infer the presence of resistance mechanisms, EUCAST RAST breakpoints and screening cut-off values (sRAST) combined with the double-disc synergy test (DDS) for ESBLs or aztreonam susceptibility for carbapenemases detection were used.ResultsDDS together with sRAST detected all ESBL producers as early as at 4 h incubation. Cefotaxime was the antibiotic with the highest discriminatory power. The suspicion of carbapenemase production by sRAST at 8 h was possible in 73% of Klebsiella pneumoniae and in 100% of Escherichia coli carbapenemase-producing isolates. Phenotypic analysis improves the detection of some low hydrolytic carbapenemases (OXA-48 or KPC-3 mutants).ConclusionsEarly detection of β-lactam resistance mechanisms directly from positive blood cultures was possible using sRAST together with the interpretive reading of antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Some carbapenemase types such as OXA-48 might be difficult to infer. Screening-positive isolates should be confirmed using an alternative technique.
Molecular diagnostics for genotypic detection of antibiotic resistance: current landscape and future directions
Authors: Banerjee Ritu , Patel Robin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria is an escalating public health emergency that has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. When making antibiotic treatment decisions, clinicians rely heavily on determination of antibiotic susceptibility or resistance by the microbiology laboratory, but conventional methods often take several days to identify AMR. There are now several commercially available molecular methods that detect antibiotic resistance genes within hours rather than days. While these methods have limitations, they offer promise for optimizing treatment and patient outcomes, and reducing further emergence of AMR. This review provides an overview of commercially available genotypic assays that detect individual resistance genes and/or resistance-associated mutations in a variety of specimen types and discusses how clinical outcomes studies may be used to demonstrate clinical utility of such diagnostics.
A robust scenario analysis approach to water recycling quantitative microbial risk assessment
Authors: Jones Christopher H , Wylie Varsha , Ford Hannah , Fawell John , Holmer Melanie , Bell Katherine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThe growing need to access recycled water as a source for drinking water supply necessitates management of perceived risks. This study aimed to use quantitative microbial risk analysis (QMRA) to evaluate microbiological risks of indirect water recycling.Methods and ResultsScenario analyses of risk probabilities of pathogen infection were conducted to investigate four key quantitative microbial risk assessment model assumptions: treatment process failure, drinking water consumption events per day, inclusion or exclusion of an engineered storage buffer, and treatment process redundancy. Results demonstrated that the proposed water recycling scheme could meet WHO pathogen risk guidelines of ∼10−3 annual risk of infection under 18 simulated scenarios.
Using artificial intelligence in medical school admissions screening to decrease inter- and intra-observer variability
Authors: Keir Graham , Hu Willie , Filippi Christopher G , Ellenbogen Lisa , Woldenberg Rona 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesInter- and intra-observer variability is a concern for medical school admissions. Artificial intelligence (AI) may present an opportunity to apply a fair standard to all applicants systematically and yet maintain sensitivity to nuances that have been a part of traditional screening methods.Material and MethodsData from 5 years of medical school applications were retrospectively accrued and analyzed. The applicants (m = 22 258 applicants) were split 60%–20%–20% into a training set (m = 13 354), validation set (m = 4452), and test set (m = 4452). An AI model was trained and evaluated with the ground truth being whether a given applicant was invited for an interview. In addition, a “real-world” evaluation was conducted simultaneously within an admissions cycle to observe how it would perform if utilized.ResultsThe algorithm had an accuracy of 95% on the training set, 88% on the validation set, and 88% on the test set. The area under the curve of the test set was 0.93. The SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values demonstrated that the model utilizes features in a concordant manner with current admissions rubrics. By using a combined human and AI evaluation process, the accuracy of the process was demonstrated to be 96% on the “real-world” evaluation with a negative predictive value of 0.97.Discussion and ConclusionThese results demonstrate the feasibility of an AI approach applied to medical school admissions screening decision-making. Model explainability and supplemental analyses help ensure that the model makes decisions as intended.