bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Human Alloantiserum Precipitates Ia-Like Molecules from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells
Authors: Nilsson Sten , Schwartz Benjamin D. , Waxdal Myron , Green Ira , Cullen Susan E. , Mann Dean L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Alloantigens specific for human B lymphocytes can be identified with selected antisera. These antigens have similarities to murine Ia antigens in that they are found on human B lymphocytes and are controlled by genes linked to genes controlling HLA. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells bearing B cell antigens were labeled with 3H leucine and the membrane components reacting with the B cell antisera isolated by immunoprecipitation. These membrane components had m.w. of 33,000 and 24,000 daltons similar to the murine Ia antigens. The results complete the homology of murine Ia and human B cell alloantigens.
Genetics of Cell-Mediated Lympholysis in Man
Authors: Geha Raif S. , Malakian Artin , Geha Orietta , Yunis Edmond 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) was studied in a family containing two siblings in whom genetic recombination had occurred in the HLA complex. In one sibling, recombination occurred between the HLA-A locus and the HLA-B locus. In the second sibling recombination occurred between the HLA-B locus and the HLA-D locus.
Strong CML activity was generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) when stimulator and responder cells differed in HLA-A, B, and D antigens. MLC involving HLA-D differences alone did not generate CML. Weak, but definite CML activity was generated during MLC with cells differing at HLA-A and HLA-B but sharing HLA-D.
HLA-B antigens were good targets for lysis in all combinations studied. HLA-A antigens were poor targets in some but not in all combinations. However, combinations where HLA-A antigens seemed to be good targets could have involved HLA-B differences due to polymorphism of HLA-B7 antigens each inherited from a different parent. HLA-D antigens did not serve as targets for lysis.
In three cell experiments, excellent CML activity was generated when responder cells were stimulated by HLA-D antigens and by HLA-A and B antigens present on separate stimulator cells.
Measurement of IgE on Human Basophils: Relation to Serum IgE and Anti-IgE-Induced Histamine Release
Authors: Conroy Mary Carol , Adkinson N. Franklin , Lichtenstein Lawrence M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The number of IgE molecules bound to human basophils was calculated from direct measurements of the IgE dissociated after exposing leukocytes to pH 3.7 acetate buffer in the cold. In 18 donors studied, cell-bound IgE ranged from 4000 to 500,000 molecules/basophil and correlated with the serum IgE concentration (r = 0.89, p &lt; 0.001) which ranged from 5 to 3,000 ng/ml. Sensitivity of these cells to anti-IgE was tested to explore the relationship between cell-bound IgE and the concentration of anti-IgE required for histamine release. Cells from some nonatopic donors (4000 to 100,000 IgE molecules/basophil) were as sensitive as cells from allergic donors (100,000 to 500,000 IgE molecules/basophil). Moreover, cells from donors having approximately the same cell-bound IgE concentration varied widely in their sensitivity to anti-IgE. We conclude that an intrinsic property of human basophils (“releasability”) is an important parameter in determining mediator release.
Hapten-Specific Leukocyte Migration Inhibition
Authors: McMaster Philip R. B. , Owens James D. , Asofsky Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pigs were immunized with dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) or with hemocyanin in complete Freund's adjuvant. The migration of oil-induced peritoneal exudate cells was measured in the presence and absence of ε-dinitrophenyl-lysine-tyrosinyl Ficoll (DNPL-F). When the cells came from animals immunized with DNP-KLH their migration was inhibited by DNPL-F. Control cells from animals immunized with KLH or not immunized migrated normally in the presence of DNPL-F.
The Biologic Activity of Affinity Cross-Linked Oligomers of Rabbit Immunoglobulin G as Tested by Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytolysis (ADCC)
Authors: Hurwitz Esther , Zatz Marion M. , Segal David M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The abilities of normal spleen cells and macrophage-like and lymphocyte-like tumor cells to serve as effectors in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolytic (ADCC) reactions were examined. It was observed that those cells which contained Fc receptors on their surfaces were effective mediators of ADCC whereas those not bearing Fc receptors were inactive. Oligomers of IgG were able to inhibit the ADCC reaction and, with the macrophage line, inhibition and binding closely paralleled each other. With the lymphocyte lines, a large degree of inhibition of ADCC occurred when only small amounts of oligomers were bound; with normal spleen cells inhibition occurred in the same range of oligomer concentrations required to inhibit the tumor-mediated ADCC reactions. The data suggest that the interaction between antibody-coated erythrocytes and effector cells is unexpectedly weak.
The Quantitative Production of Interferon by Mitogen-Stimulated Mouse Lymphocytes as a Function of Age and Its Effect on the Lymphocytes Proliferative Response
Authors: Heine Jochen W. , Adler William H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Interferon production by mitogen-stimulated mouse spleen cells increases as the age of the cell donor increases and also varies with the strain of the cell donor.
Exogenous interferon added to mouse spleen cell cultures at dose levels known to be produced by the cells causes a reduction in the proliferative response of T cells to mitogen stimulation. Since the spleen cells from old mice respond poorly to mitogen stimulation, it may be possible that the interferon elaborated by these cells is adversely affecting the mitogen assay.
Regulatory Substances Produced by Lymphocytes
Authors: Namba Yuziro , Jegasothy Brian V. , Waksman Byron H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The conditions necessary for production of inhibitor of DNA synthesis (IDS) by rat lymphocytes were investigated. In concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated lymph node cell (LNC) cultures, IDS production was not detected in the culture supernatant during the first 24 hr, and it increased gradually after that to reach a maximum at 3 to 4 days. When the cells were pretreated with mitomycin C, IDS was not produced, suggesting that DNA synthesis of LNC or a LNC subpopulation is necessary for IDS production. In contrast, Con A-stimulated spleen cells produced a high level of IDS within 24 hr, and its production fell off sharply thereafter. Con A-stimulated rat thymocytes also produced IDS reaching a maximum at 2 to 3 days. However, thymus cells from rats treated with hydrocortisone 48 hr previously did not produce IDS. This finding implies that cortisol-sensitive (cortical) thymocytes are capable of producing IDS and cortisol-resistant (medullary) thymocytes are not. IDS production by lymphoblasts was proportional to cell number and unaffected either by cell density (1 to 10 × 106/ml) or by the concomitant presence of normal cells from spleen, lymph node, or thymus. Thus Con A-stimulated cells, after becoming blasts, appear to produce IDS automatically without affecting or being affected by other cells.
Both spleen and thymus cells from rats injected with a large dose of antigen (ovalbumin, 100 mg, i.p.) 24 hr in advance produced substantial amounts of IDS in culture within 24 hr in the absence of mitogen or additional antigen, but not the cells from rats injected with an immunizing dose (1 mg) of the same antigen. The cells producing IDS in the spleen were shown to be adherent to glass wool, and those in the thymus were partially so. IDS production by antigen-stimulated spleen cells was abrogated by injecting rats with bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) at 0 and 12 hr after the ovalbumin. These findings suggest that a subpopulation of adherent spleen cells (possibly resembling cortical thymocytes), which begins to proliferate within a few hours after a large dose of systemic antigen, produces IDS. This may account for increased nonspecific suppressor activity observed at the same time.
Hypogammaglobulinemia in Experimental Myeloma: The Role of Suppressor Factors from Mononuclear Phagocytes
Authors: Krakauer Randall S. , Strober Warren , Waldmann Thomas A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have investigated the pathogenesis of the polyclonal hypogammaglobulinemia associated with BALB/c plasmacytomas TEPC-183 and SPQC-11 to gain insight into the hypogammaglobulinemia observed in human myeloma. With pokeweed mitogen-driven IgM biosynthesis by mouse splenocytes as the indicator system for suppression, we found that a protein extract of ascites cells obtained from these tumor-bearing animals could suppress immunoglobulin production, whereas like extracts from a non-suppressing plasmacytoma, modified RPC-5, caused no suppression in vitro. Extracts of tumor ascites depleted of mononuclear phagocytes by iron carbonyl treatment showed little suppressor activity. The active extract was not cytotoxic and contained no mycoplasma or common murine viruses. Furthermore, the active suppressor factor appears to be a low m.w. protein that is not affected by treatment with ribonuclease. These results and others are consistent with the idea that the hypogammaglobulinemia of myeloma is due to the formation of immunoregulatory macrophage-like cells which synthesize a suppressor substance.
Isolation and Enumeration of Peripheral Blood Monocytes
Authors: Sanderson Richard J. , Shepperdson Frances T. , Vatter Albert E. , Talmage David W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Monocytes were isolated by counterflow centrifugation from human peripheral mononuclear cells obtained from whole blood by the Ficoll-Hypaque technique. Examination of volume spectra of the monocytes showed a bimodal distribution with peaks at 330 and 370 μ3. The upper peak contained 61.4 ± 3.3% of the total monocyte population, whereas the remainder were in the lower peak which overlaps the lymphocyte spectrum. The purity of the monocyte preparations from six normal adult donors, identified by peroxisomes observed by electron microscopy, was 90.4 ± 1.6%.
The Allogeneic Effect on Tumor Growth
Authors: Osborne David P. , Katz David H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The allogeneic effect has been employed as a potent immunopotentiator in preventing the growth of a murine plasmacytoma and prolonging host survival. Parental BALB/c spleen cells were passively transferred to (BALB/c × A/J)F1 hybrid mice, who were then given a highly lethal dose of MOPC 315 plasmacytoma, a tumor of BALB/c origin. The resultant graft-vs-host reaction protected the recipient mice against growth of the tumor and significantly prolonged survival. This phenomenon was dependent upon the dose of BALB/c lymphoid cells employed, the route of administration, and the time interval between lymphoid cell transfer and tumor inoculation. A wide range of lymphoid cell doses and time intervals were effective, and repeated doses of allogeneic cells provided better protection than a single dose.
The Effect of Cyclophosphamide on the Specific Unresponsiveness to Skin Allografts Induced in Alstreated Mice Infused with Donor Bone Marrow
Authors: Wood Mary L. , Monaco Anthony P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Specific unresponsiveness to skin allografts can be induced in ALS-treated mice by the injection of bone marrow from the graft-donor strain. Mice bearing long-term grafts in perfect condition have evidence of cell-mediated immunity against donor antigens and also serum-blocking factors. The effect of cyclophosphamide on graft prolongation was investigated in this model. Cyclophosphamide was given either before or after marrow. Cyclophosphamide given before marrow abrogated the enhancing effect of marrow possibly due to a depletion of antibody-forming cells. Cyclophosphamide given after marrow potentiated the effect of marrow probably due to the destruction of immunocompetent cells responding to the challenge of marrow.
Mitogenic Activity of Actinomyces Viscosus
Authors: Engel David , Clagett James , Page Roy , Williams Betsy 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Actinomyces viscosus homogenate (AVIS) contains substance(s) which cause spleen cells from conventional and germfree mice to undergo increased DNA synthesis. This mitogenic effect is primarily on B cells since spleen cells from nude mice or T-depleted spleen cells from conventional mice respond as strongly as conventional (T + B) spleen cells. Mouse thymocytes do not respond mitogenically to AVIS. It is unlikely that the mitogenic activity is due to the presence of LPS, since A. viscosus is Gram-positive and is not known to have an LPS cell wall component. Also, AVIS is not inactivated by polymyxin B, as are some preparations of LPS, and C3H/HeJ mouse splenocytes respond strongly to AVIS but not to LPS. The activity is heat stable, is not lost upon dialysis, and is not affected by lysozyme. Mitogenic activity is partially lost when AVIS is digested with nonspecific bacterial protease or treated with metaperiodate. Sodium hydroxide treatment completely abolishes mitogenic activity. Actinomycotic lesions are characterized by a long-term inflammatory response involving a dense plasma cell infiltrate. We suggest that B cell mitogens from Actinomyces may play a role in the elicitation of the plasma cell component of these lesions.
In Vitro Reactivity of Splenic Lymphocytes from Normal and UV-Irradiated Mice Against Syngeneic UV-Induced Tumors
Authors: Fortner G. William , Kripke Margaret L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Skin tumors induced in mice by chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation are highly antigenic and are frequently immunologically rejected upon transplantation to normal syngeneic recipients. In this study we characterized this immune response with an in vitro microcytotoxicity test. Cytotoxic activity was present in the spleen cells of mice given a single injection of syngeneic UV-induced fibrosarcoma cells. After removal of adherent spleen cells, the remaining splenic lymphocytes were specifically cytotoxic for the immunizing tumor and showed no cross-reactivity with other syngeneic UV-induced or methylcholanthrene-induced tumors of similar histologic type. The level of cell-mediated reactivity against UV-induced tumors was quite high compared to that obtained with syngeneic tumors induced by methylcholanthrene, and the cytotoxicity was attributable to a population of θ antigen-bearing lymphocytes.
With this in vitro test, we compared the response of normal mice, which reject a syngeneic tumor challenge, with that of UV-irradiated mice, in which the syngeneic UV-induced tumors grow progressively. After tumor cell inoculation, lymphocytes from the unirradiated (regressor) mice showed a high degree of cytotoxicity that reached a maximum level 8 days after injection. In contrast, no reactivity could be detected in the spleens of tumor-challenged UV-irradiated (progressor) mice.
Ala-1: A Murine Alloantigen of Activated Lymphocytes
Authors: Feeney Ann J. , Hämmerling Ulrich 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ala-1 (activated lymphocyte antigen-1) is a murine alloantigen expressed only on activated peripheral T and B lymphocytes. The presence or absence of Ala-1 on specific functional lymphocyte subsets was determined by treating the relevant cell population with anti-Ala-1 and complement, and assaying for residual functional activity. By this method, Ala-1 was shown to be on in vivo primed killer T cells cytotoxic for allogeneic tumor cells. It was also found on helper T cells generated in vivo to sheep red blood cells, and on IgM and IgG plaque-forming cells (PFC) to sheep red blood cells. In contrast, splenic precursors of helper cells and of IgM PFC to sheep red blood cells were completely resistant to treatment with anti-Ala-1 and complement. These findings indicate that effector cells can be distinguished from their nonactivated precursors by their expression of Ala-1.
Excretion of DNA by Purified Human Lymphocyte Subpopulations
Authors: Boldt David H. , MacDermott Richard P. , Speckart Stephen F. , Nash Geoffrey S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A large proportion of DNA synthesized in vitro by human lymphocytes stimulated with plant mitogens or specific antigens is selectively excreted from the cells. To determine if DNA excretion differs among various types of lymphocytes, we examined purified human lymphocyte subpopulations for DNA synthesis and excretion in response to stimulation by L-PHA. The relative proportion of newly synthesized DNA that is excreted by unseparated mononuclear cells, macrophage-depleted cells, T, and B lymphocytes is identical despite great differences in the magnitude of their responses. Low levels of both DNA synthesis and excretion by macrophage-depleted cells and B cells can be increased by reconstitution with macrophages and T cells, respectively. These data indicate that DNA excretion is a general property of lymphocytes stimulated to undergo DNA synthesis by plant mitogens.
Microwaves Induce an Increase in the Frequency of Complement Receptor-Bearing Lymphoid Spleen Cells in Mice
Authors: Wiktor-Jedrzejczak Wieslaw , Ahmed Aftab , Sell Kenneth W. , Czerski Przemyslaw , Leach William M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A single 30-min exposure of mice to 2450 MHz microwaves (12 to 15 mW/g body weight) in an environmentally controlled waveguide facility induced a significant increase in the proportion of complement-receptor positive lymphoid cells in the spleen. This effect was further enhanced by repeated (three times) exposures, which in addition produced a significant increase in the proportion of Ig+ cells. The proportion of θ-positive cells and the total number of spleen cells remained unchanged.
Functional Heterogeneity in Macrophages Activated by Corynebacterium Parvum: Characterization of Subpopulations with Different Activities in Promoting Immune Responses and Suppressing Tumor Cell Growth
Authors: Lee Kwok-Choy , Berry David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peritoneal cells (PEC) from mice injected i.p. with heat-killed Corynebacterium parvum (CP) showed enhanced immunostimulatory (accessory or A cell) activity as measured by their ability to restore the immune responsiveness of nonadherent spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and polymeric flagellin (POL) of Salmonella adelaide in vitro. This was true whether the PEC and nonadherent spleen cells were in direct contact or separated by a cell-impermeable membrane which allowed the free passage of soluble mediators. CP-activated PEC also exhibited greatly increased cytostatic activity against the growth of syngeneic tumor cells in vitro. After fractionation of the PEC according to cell size by velocity sedimentation, a separation of A cell activity from anti-tumor activity was observed. Although both these functions were associated with phagocytic cells of the monocyte-macrophage series, the highest A cell activity was found in fractions containing small and medium-sized macrophages, whereas the anti-tumor activity increased with cell size to a maximum with the largest macrophages. Thus, there is a relative increase of suppressive activity over stimulatory activity with an increase in cell size. Cytochemical and morphologic evidence suggests that the A cell-rich fractions contained small and medium-sized macrophages which were derived from newly arrived monocytes, whereas the large tumor-suppressive macrophages were relatively more differentiated.
Tumor Growth and Antibodies after RSV-Challenge in Normal Chickens and in Chickens Congenitally Infected with Avian Leukosis Virus
Authors: Meyers Paul , Qualtiere Louis F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Normal chickens and chickens congenitally infected with an avian leukosis virus (ALV) of antigenic subgroup A were challenged with strains of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) of two different antigenic subgroups (B and C) and tumor induction and growth as well as humoral antibody to viral envelope antigen (VEA) and tumor-specific surface antigen (TSSA) were measured. There was no effect of congenital ALV infection on RSV tumor incidence or latent period but the growth rate and size of the tumors were much higher in congenitally infected birds as compared to controls. Whereas most tumors in the RSV-challenged normal birds regressed, tumors in ALV-infected birds grew progressively. There were no striking differences in the number of birds in either group in the incidence of anti-TSSA or anti-VEA antibodies nor did the presence of either type of antibody reflect the tumor status of the host.
Accumulation of Platelets at Sites of Antigen-Antibody-Mediated Injury: A Possible Role for IgE Antibody and Mast Cells
Authors: Kravis Thomas C. , Henson Peter M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Circulating 51Cr-labeled platelets accumulate at skin sites in which a reversed passive Arthus reaction has been induced. The accumulation is biphasic in time and is accompanied by an increased vascular permeability. Increased permeability itself, however, will not produce localization of platelets. A similar platelet accumulation was observed upon injection of compound 48/80 or anti-IgE antibody into the skin and this was not altered in rabbits depleted of complement or neutrophils. Activation of skin mast cells and release of a platelet-activating factor (PAF) is suggested as a mechanism for the effect produced by anti-IgE and compound 48/80. The first phase of platelet accumulation in the Arthus reaction was also unaffected in rabbits depleted of enutrophils or complement, which may suggest a role for IgE antibody and mast cells. The second phase of accumulation was diminished in complement-depleted animals and abrogated in rabbits without neutrophils, suggesting a complement and neutrophil-mediated process but which still might be mediated through mast cell activation by neutrophil cationic protein.
Evidence That Con A Induces Cytotoxicity in the Same Subclass of T Cells as Does Alloimmunization
Authors: Falkoff Reuben Maverick , Dutton Richard W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have studied the induction of cytotoxic activity in murine T cells by the T cell mitogen Con A. Here we report the results of experiments that indicate that this cytotoxicity develops in the same class of T cells potentially activatable to cytotoxicity by immunization with allogeneic cells. Cytotoxic activity does not result from activation of cells of the T-helper class by PHA, and extensive reduction of the proportion of cells of the T-helper class by in vivo treatment with ATS does not comparably reduce the cytotoxicity developed in response to Con A. The Con A-activated cytotoxic cell sediments as a large cell. Furthermore, spleen cell populations previously immunized to alloantigens in vivo develop greatly increased cytotoxicity specific for the alloantigen of the immunizing haplotype after culture with Con A in vitro.