bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancement and Applications of Nanotherapy for Cancer Immune Microenvironment
Authors: He Jun-ju , Li Qing-qing , Zhao Chen , Zhou Jin , Wu Jie , Zhang Hui-bo , Zhao Ya-qi , Zhang Hao-han , Lei Tian-yu , Zhao Xin-yi , You Zuo , Song Qi-bin , Xu Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCancer treatment has evolved rapidly due to major advances in tumor immunity research. However, due to the complexity, heterogeneity, and immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors, the overall efficacy of immunotherapy is only 20%. In recent years, nanoparticles have attracted more attention in the field of cancer immunotherapy because of their remarkable advantages in biocompatibility, precise targeting, and controlled drug delivery. However, the clinical application of nanomedicine also faces many problems concerning biological safety, and the synergistic mechanism of nano-drugs with immunity remains to be elucidated. Our study summarizes the functional characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of nanoparticles in the cancer immune microenvironment and how nanoparticles activate and long-term stimulate innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Finally, the current problems and future development trends regarding the application of nanoparticles are fully discussed and prospected to promote the transformation and application of nanomedicine used in cancer treatment.
Pathologic complete response and survival in HER2-low and HER2-zero early breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Ilie Silvia Mihaela , Briot Nathalie , Constantin Guillaume , Roussot Nicolas , Ilie Alis , Bergeron Anthony , Arnould Laurent , Beltjens Françoise , Desmoulin Isabelle , Mayeur Didier , Kaderbhai Courèche , Hennequin Audrey , Jankowski Clémentine , Padeano Marie Martine , Costaz Helène , Amet Alix , Coutant Charles , Coudert Bruno , Bertaut Aurélie , Ladoire Sylvain 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Breast cancers without HER2 amplification but still expressing this membrane protein constitute a new entity called HER2-low tumors. It is important to characterize them in terms of sensitivity to treatment and prognosis.

Patients and methods
To investigate chemosensitivity and long-term prognosis of HER2-low early breast cancer (eBC), compared to HER2-0 tumors, we retrospectively retrieved clinicopathological characteristics, response to treatment, and survival data from 511 patients treated for eBC with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in a French cancer center between 2007 and 2018. Factors associated with the achievement of pathologic complete response (pCR) and survival were studied among hormone receptor positive (HR+) and negative (HR–) eBC.

Results
A total of 280 HR+ (61% HER2-low), and 231 HR– (28% HER2-low) eBC were included. We found classical clinicopathological factors usually associated with chemosensitivity and prognosis, in both HR+ and HR– eBC. By uni- and multivariable analysis, HER2 status (low vs 0) was not independently associated with pCR, either in HR+ or HR– eBC. Relapse free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were not significantly different between HER2-low and HER2-0 among HR+ tumors. In contrast, among HR– negative tumors, RFS and OS were slightly better in HER2-0 eBC by univariable but not by multivariable analysis.

Conclusions
In eBC patients treated with NAC, taking into account HR expression subtype and other current clinicopathological features, HER2-low tumors did not appear to have different chemosensitivity or prognosis, compared to their HER2-0 counterparts.
Furnaces, hearths, rituals, and construction: investigating the utilisation of woody plant species at the Early Iron Age site of Ndondondwane by means of identifying archaeological charcoal
Authors: House Alisoun , Bamford Marion K. , Greenfield Haskel J. , van Schalkwyk Len O. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNdondondwane, an Early Iron Age settlement situated on the banks of the Thukela River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, provides a unique record of a single, short-term occupation (c. 1300 to 1200 years ago). Several areas associated with different activities had been previously excavated and analysed, yielding various scenarios for the cultural and social organisation of the settlement. Three phases of occupation or cultural horizons have been identified and this paper largely explores the charcoal assemblage from the middle cultural horizon, during the settlement’s maximum extent of occupation. Charcoal was analysed from the central part of the site, represented by a livestock byre (kraal), a meeting place, and a craft production area; as well as the peripheral areas including three domestic middens and a charcoal preparation area. Archaeological charcoal specimens were examined using reflective light microscopy to observe the characteristic anatomical features needed to determine the taxonomic group they represent and subsequently identified by direct comparison with a modern charcoal reference collection and published archaeological charcoal studies. Charcoal was identified as belonging to 15 families, 23 genera, and 29 species of trees with known fuel, construction, and medicinal uses. There was a preference for wood previously known as Acacia*, indicating that this genus was readily available and prolific in the surrounds of the site. Ndondondwane has been extensively investigated in terms of the archaeology, and this together with the anthracology data provides further insight into Early Iron Age settlement location-specific activities, cultural practices, and reasons for abandonment.
Net productivity, a new metric to evaluate the contribution to food security of livestock systems: the case of specialised dairy farms
Authors: Battheu-Noirfalise Caroline , Mertens Alexandre , Froidmont Eric , Mathot Michaël , Rouillé Benoit , Stilmant Didier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe increasing human population and demand for animal food products raise the issue of impacts of animal systems on food security caused by their use of human-edible feed and/or tillable land. The utility of replacing animal systems with potential food-crop systems needs to be assessed but is associated with many uncertainties. Some metrics analyse the contribution of current animal systems to food security, especially the dimension of food availability. These methods address feed conversion efficiency (i.e. total (‘gross’) or human-edible (‘net’)) or the efficiency of agricultural land use (i.e. total, permanent grassland, and tillable land) but never both simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to develop a new metric—‘net productivity’—to represent the performances of current animal systems more accurately by considering both the use of human-edible feed and agricultural land. Through a protein assessment, we analysed the ability of the existing and the new metrics to assess the performances of 111 dairy farms in Wallonia (Belgium). We found that net productivity was positively correlated with both metrics of feed conversion efficiency and negatively correlated with the three metrics of land use. To analyse the influence of farm characteristics, we grouped the farms into four clusters using k-means clustering based on these metrics of contribution to food security and then performed redundancy analysis to select the most influential farm characteristics aiming to highlight contrasted farm strategies. The highest net productivity was reached by an ‘intensive and net efficient’ farm strategy, which had intensive grass-based management, high milk production per cow, appropriate use of concentrates, and well-managed dairy followers (i.e. replacement heifers and calves). The newly developed metric of net productivity can be useful to quantify the contribution of dairy systems to food security by considering both the use of human-edible protein and agricultural land simultaneously.
Quantitative Control of Solutions to the Axisymmetric Navier-Stokes Equations in Terms of the Weak $$L^3$$ Norm
Authors: Ożański W. S. , Palasek S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe are concerned with strong axisymmetric solutions to the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We show that if the weak $$L^3$$

L
3

norm of a strong solution u on the time interval [0, T] is bounded by $$A \gg 1$$

A
≫
1

then for each $$k\ge 0 $$

k
≥
0

there exists $$C_k>1$$

C
k

>
1

such that $$\Vert D^k u (t) \Vert _{L^\infty (\mathbb {R}^3)} \le t^{-(1+k)/2}\exp \exp A^{C_k}$$

‖

D
k

u

(
t
)

‖

L
∞

(

R

3

)

≤

t

-
(
1
+
k
)
/
2

exp
exp

A

C
k

for all $$t\in (0,T]$$

t
∈
(
0
,
T
]

.
The Dutch version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: patient-based cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties evaluation
Authors: van de Fliert Dineke G. , Schlösser Tom P. C. , Kempen Diederik H. R. , Rutges Joost P. H. J. , Bisseling Pepijn , de Kleuver Marinus , van Hooff Miranda L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) affects the appearance of spine and trunk. The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) assesses the perception of appearance in AIS patients. The aim of this study is to translate and culturally adapt the recommended short version of the SAQ into Dutch and to test its measurement properties.

Methods
A Dutch SAQ (14-item; appearance and expectations domains) was developed following guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaptation. The COSMIN Study Design checklist was used for measurement properties evaluation. In this multicenter study, the Dutch SAQ, SRS-22R and NPRS (back pain) were administered to 113 AIS patients (aged 15.4 years [SD 2.2], 21.2% male). Floor and ceiling effects were evaluated for content analysis. For reliability, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and test–retest reliability (ICC; n = 34) were evaluated. Predefined hypotheses of relationships with other questionnaires and between subgroups based on scoliosis severity (radiological and clinical) were tested for construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to investigate the validity of the underlying structure of this 14-item questionnaire.

Results
No floor and ceiling effects were found for domains and total scores. Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.84 to 0.89. ICCs varied from 0.76 to 0.77. For construct validity, 89% (8/9) of the predefined hypotheses were confirmed. Significant higher scores for the appearance domain were found for subgroups based on radiological (Cobb angle; > 25.0°) and clinical outcomes. (Angle of Trunk Rotation; > 9.0°). A two-factor structure was found (EV 5.13; 36.63% explained variance).

Conclusion
The Dutch SAQ is an adequate, valid and reliable instrument to evaluate patients’ perception of appearance in AIS.

Level of evidence
Level I—diagnostic studies.
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Regulates Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Suppressing the HIF-1α/JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway to Attenuate Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ju Shaohua , Liu Panwang , Tan Lirong , Tan Youli , Li Xiaohong , He Benxiang , Xia Yu , Wang Mingjian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydroxysafflor yellow A is extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L., Asteraceae, and has extensive pharmacological properties. In this study, interleukin-1 beta was used to establish the osteoarthritis model in vitro, and the impacts of hydroxysafflor yellow A on the cell model were analyzed. CCK8 was used to measure cell viability, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis and reactive oxygen species. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to calculate the release of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress index. Western blotting was performed to measure the expression of collagen-related proteins. The protein levels in the HIF-1α/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway were also measured. The results showed that hydroxysafflor yellow A promoted cell viability and inhibited apoptosis and oxidative stress. In addition, quinochalcone C-glycoside upregulated the expression of collagen II and Sry-related HMG box-9, while downregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13. Interleukin-1 beta induced high levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α that were inhibited by hydroxysafflor yellow A. Meanwhile, hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibited the interleukin-1 beta–induced high levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and enhanced the interleukin-1 beta–induced low levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, hydroxysafflor yellow A downregulated the mRNA expression of HIF-1α, JAK, STAT3, and interleukin-6 as well as the protein expression of HIF-1α, p-JAK, and p-STAT3. The results suggest that hydroxysafflor yellow A inhibited the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways by inhibiting HIF-1α. Therefore, hydroxysafflor yellow A regulates the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in vitro.
Graphical abstract
Experimental and computational approach to human brain modelling – aHEAD
Authors: Ptak Mariusz , Dymek Mateusz , Sawicki Marek , Fernandes Fábio A. O. , Wnuk Maciej , Wilhelm Johannes , Ratajczak Monika , Witkowska Daria , Kwiatkowski Artur , Poźniak Błażej , Kubicki Konrad , Tikhomirov Marta , Druszcz Adam , Chybowski Leszek 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The human head is a highly complex structure, with a combination of hard and soft tissues and a variety of materials and interactions. Many researchers have used computational approaches to model the head, and several human finite element head models can be found in the literature. However, most of them are not geometrically accurate – for instance, the brain is simplified to a smooth spherical volume, which poses some concerns regarding boundary conditions and geometrical accuracy. Therefore, an advanced head model of a 28-year-old, designated as aHEAD 28 yo (aHEAD: advanced Head models for safety Enhancement And medical Development), has been developed. The model consists entirely of hexahedral elements for 3D structures of the head such as the cerebellum, skull and cerebrum, with detailed geometry of the gyri and sulci. Additionally, it is one of the first human head approaches published in the literature that includes cerebrospinal fluid simulated by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and a detailed model of pressurized bridging veins. To support the model’s credibility, this study is focused on physical material testing. A novel comprehensive experimental-computational approach is presented, which involves the brain tissue’s response to induced vibrations. The experiment successfully aimed to validate the material models used in the numerical analysis. Additionally, the authors present a kinematical model validation based on the Hardy experimental cadaver test. The developed model, along with its verification, aims to establish a further benchmark in finite element head modelling and can potentially provide new insights into injury mechanisms.
MoScd2 is involved in appressorium formation and pathogenicity via the Pmk1 MAPK pathway in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Sun Li-Xiao , Qian Hui , Wu Ming-Hua , Lin Fu-Cheng , Liu Xiao-Hong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRice blast, known as rice “cancer”, is caused by Magnaporthe oryzae and is particularly serious in Asian and African rice regions. China is also a frequently occurring region of rice blast. Rice blast not only seriously threatens the yield and quality of rice but also affects food security in China. In M. oryzae, the Mst11-Mst7-Pmk1 MAPK signaling pathway mediates pathogenicity by regulating the formation of appressorium and the development of infection hyphae. Stomatal cytokinesis defective 2 (Scd2, also called Ral3 or Bem1) is a component of the Scd complex, which has been proven to be closely related to the MAPK signaling pathway. However, its biological roles in M. oryzae remain elusive. Here, we identified MoScd2, a homologous protein of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Scd2, and preliminarily revealed its role in the development of rice blast fungus. We found that MoScd2 was involved in colony growth, sporulation, spore morphology, spore germination, appressorium formation, turgor in appressoria, mobilization of glycogen from spores to appressoria and pathogenicity. The deletion of MoScd2 resulted in a reduction in Pmk1 and Mps1 phosphorylation levels. In addition, MoScd2 was confirmed to interact with MoMst50, which is a key component of the MAPK signaling pathway in M. oryzae. In summary, MoScd2 was involved in the MAPK signaling pathway of M. oryzae via interaction with MoMst50 to participate in the influence of pathogenicity. In addition, MoScd2 also influences M. oryzae pathogenicity by participating in autophagy.
UvSnx4 is required for conidiation, pathogenicity and stress responses by regulating mitophagy and macroautophagy in Ustilaginoidea virens
Authors: Shi Huanbin , Meng Shuai , Xie Shuwei , Qiu Jiehua , Jiang Nan , Kou Yanjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRice false smut disease, caused by the biotrophic fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, threatens rice production and quality. SNX family proteins have a Phox domain in the structure, playing important roles in protein transport and sorting in the endocytic pathway. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms controlled by SNX proteins in development and pathogenicity are still poorly understood in U. virens. Here, we characterized the SNX family protein Snx4 in U. virens. The transcriptional levels of UvSNX4 were upregulated at the invasive growth stage. Deletion of UvSNX4 resulted in defects in mycelial growth, conidiation, pathogenicity, and stress adaptations. Microscopic observation showed that UvSnx4 partially colocalized with mitochondria. Furthermore, UvSnx4 is required for mitophagy and macroautophagy, which are critical for conidiation and pathogenicity in U. virens. Moreover, UvSnx4 interacted with the autophagy-related core proteins UvAtg11, UvAtg20, and UvAtg17. In conclusion, our studies suggested that UvSnx4 contributes to development, stress adaptation, and pathogenicity via involvement in mitophagy and autophagy in U. virens, which provides insight into the biological functions of SNX proteins in biotrophic filamentous fungi.
Regulatory roles of epigenetic modifications in plant-phytopathogen interactions
Authors: Tao Zeng , Yan Fei , Hahn Matthias , Ma Zhonghua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a sessile organism, plants have evolved a complex and sophisticated immune system to defend against various pathogenic microbes effectively. However, microbes have also developed complicated and delicate strategies to suppress host immunity and successfully colonize the host. Dynamic plant‒pathogen interactions require rapid and fine-tuned regulation of their gene expression. Increasing evidence has revealed that epigenetic regulation plays key roles in plant defense-related transcriptional reprogramming, as well as microbe pathogenicity. In this review, we summarize and highlight the current progress in understanding the roles of epigenetic regulation and factors, including DNA/RNA modification, histone modification, chromatin remodeling and noncoding RNAs, in plant immunity, phytopathogen pathogenicity and their interactions. We also discuss that epigenetic regulation emerges as an efficient strategy for crop breeding and plant disease control.
Temporal transcriptomics provides insights into host‒pathogen interactions: a case study of Didymella pinodella and disease-resistant and disease-susceptible pea varieties
Authors: Liu Chao , Han Xingmin , Steenwyk Jacob L. , Shen Xing-Xing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAscochyta blight is a fungal disease affecting peas, causing significant damage to the plant and reducing crop yield. Host‒pathogen interactions can inform disease prevention and control strategies but remain poorly understood. Here, we generate a near-chromosome-level assembly for Didymella pinodella HNA18, a pathogenic fungus that causes pea ascochyta blight. Comparative genomic analysis of D. pinodella HNA18 and seven publicly available Didymella genomes revealed that the genome of D. pinodella HNA18 encodes the most conserved biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and a similar number of carbohydrate-activating enzyme (CAZyme) genes compared to other Didymella species. Furthermore, by sequencing and analyzing the transcriptomic data of D. pinodella HNA18 and disease-susceptible and disease-resistant pea varieties during the infection process, we found that the pathogenic fungus mobilized a similar set of infection genes to attack the disease-susceptible and disease-resistant pea varieties, but the timing and intensity of these infection genes were different. For pea varieties in response to the pathogenic fungus, disease-susceptible and disease-resistant pea varieties mobilized similar types of defense genes, while the disease-resistant pea used a higher number of defense genes relative to the disease-susceptible pea during the entire infection process. This study not only provides multiomic resources for the study of the pathogenic fungus D. pinodella HNA18 against its disease-susceptible and disease-resistant pea varieties but also deciphers the mode of interaction between pathogenic fungal infection and plant defense.
What types of social policies does business want? Examining German employer associations’ positions toward labor-protective and labor-activating social policies
Authors: Bender Benedikt , Paster Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStudies inspired by the varieties of capitalism (VoC) approach suggest that in coordinated market economies, some employer associations support public social policies to encourage the workforce to invest in company and industry-specific skills (VoC thesis). Yet the VoC thesis remains disputed. We present and assess an alternative thesis that builds on employers’ interest in the protection of labor supply (labor supply thesis). We test the labor supply thesis using a systematic content analysis of 370 press releases issued from 2002 to 2017 and find evidence of moderate employer support for more labor-activating social policies and less labor-protective social policies. Moreover, the analysis shows a decline in preference heterogeneity, with the positions of the four German employer associations converging toward the end of the period analyzed. Our findings have theoretical and methodological implications: First, they point to the relevance of labor supply as a source of employers’ social policy preferences. Second, they point to the need for a more systematic measurement of employer policy positions to be able to compare positions accurately.
The effect of marital status on life expectancy: Is cohabitation as protective as marriage?
Authors: Balter Anne G. , Bjerre Dorethe S. , Kallestrup-Lamb Malene 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is well-known that marital status is an important predictor for life expectancy. However, non-married individuals are often misclassified as singles which ignores the heterogeneity within the group. This paper shows the importance of distinguishing between types of singles, and in particular whether they are cohabiting, when predicting life expectancies. We use unique and detailed longitudinal register data to track marital status throughout the individual's lifetime. We find that all types of singles consistently benefit from living with a spouse, i.e., after divorce, becoming widower or being never married. This result holds for both men and women. For certain types of cohabiting singles we reject significant differences in life expectancy compared to married individuals. Finally, we use a case study to show that, like married individuals, all types of singles that cohabit also serve as informal caregivers and have the potential to limit the end-of-life long-term care expenditure levels.