bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the gut microbiota in patients with Kleefstra syndrome
Authors: Bloemendaal Mirjam , Vlaming Priscilla , de Boer Anneke , Vermeulen‐Kalk Karlijn , Bouman Arianne , Kleefstra Tjitske , Arias Vasquez Alejandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKleefstra Syndrome (KS) is a rare monogenetic syndrome, caused by haploinsufficiency of the euchromatic histone methyl transferase 1 (EHMT1) gene, an important regulator of neurodevelopment. The clinical features of KS include intellectual disability, autistic behavior and gastrointestinal problems. The gut microbiota, an important modifier of the gut‐brain‐axis, may constitute an unexplored mechanism underlying clinical KS variation. We investigated the gut microbiota composition of 23 individuals with KS (patients) and 40 of their family members, to test whether (1) variation in the gut microbiota associates with KS diagnosis and (2) variation within the gut microbiota relates with KS syndrome symptoms. Both alpha and beta diversity of patients were different from their family members. Genus Coprococcus 3 was lower in abundance in patients compared to family members. Moreover, abundance of genus Merdibacter was lower in patients versus family members, but only in participants reporting intestinal complaints. Within the patient group, behavioral problems explained 7% of beta diversity variance. Also, within this group, we detected higher levels of Atopobiaceae – uncultured and Ruminococcaceae Subdoligranulum associated with higher symptom severity. These significant signatures in the gut microbiota composition in patients with KS suggest that microbiota differences are part of the KS phenotype.
Sustainable Synthesis of α‐Hydroxycarboxylic Acids by Manganese Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of Ethylene Glycol and Primary Alcohols**
Authors: Waiba Satyadeep , Maji Kakoli , Maiti Mamata , Maji Biplab 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHerein, we report a straightforward synthesis of valuable α‐hydroxycarboxylic acid molecules via an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of ethylene glycol and primary alcohols. A bench‐stable manganese complex catalyzed the reaction, which is scalable, with the product being isolated with high yields and selectivities under mild conditions. The protocol is environmentally benign, producing water and hydrogen gas as the only byproducts. Methanol can also be used as a C1 source for producing the platform molecule lactic acid, with a high turnover of >104. The methodology was also used to functionalize alcohols derived from natural products and fatty acids. Furthermore, it was applied for synthesizing α‐amino acid, α‐thiocarboxylic acid, and several drugs and bioactive molecules, including endogenous metabolites, Danshensu, Enalapril, Lisinopril, and Rosmarinic acid. Preliminary mechanistic studies were performed to shed light on the mechanism involved in the reaction.
Enantiodivergent Hydrogenation of Exocyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Lactams Enabled by Switching the N‐Chirality of Iridium Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Ronghua , Xu Shan , Luo Zhou , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Junliang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCentral chirality is an important chiral element used in the design of chiral ligands and catalysts. Mostly, the attention of organic chemists is focused on developing of chiral ligands with stable stereogenic centers. However, the N‐chirality in chiral ligand design has been rarely explored due to its flexibility. Here we demonstrate the design, synthesis, and application of a class of simple P,N‐ligands with flexible N‐chirality and their derived iridium complexes with fixed N‐chiral stereocenters. Both fixed configurations of the N‐stereocenter of the iridium complexes could be selectively formed from the same chiral ligand. This pair of diastereoisomeric iridium complexes showed good performance in the enantiodivergent asymmetric hydrogenation of exocyclic α,β‐unsaturated lactams. The N−H group plays an impressive role in catalytic activity. Computational studies emphasized the importance of N‐chirality and N−H group.
A New Bacterial Adenosine‐Derived Nucleoside as an Example of RNA Modification Damage
Authors: Bessler Larissa , Vogt Lea‐Marie , Lander Marc , Dal Magro Christina , Keller Patrick , Kühlborn Jonas , Kampf Christopher J. , Opatz Till , Helm Mark 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe fields of RNA modification and RNA damage both exhibit a plethora of non‐canonical nucleoside structures. While RNA modifications have evolved to improve RNA function, the term RNA damage implies detrimental effects. Based on stable isotope labelling and mass spectrometry, we report the identification and characterisation of 2‐methylthio‐1,N6‐ethenoadenosine (ms2ϵA), which is related to 1,N6‐ethenoadenine, a lesion resulting from exposure of nucleic acids to alkylating chemicals in vivo. In contrast, a sophisticated isoprene labelling scheme revealed that ms2ϵA biogenesis involves cleavage of a prenyl moiety in the known transfer RNA (tRNA) modification 2‐methylthio‐N6‐isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A). The relative abundance of ms2ϵA in tRNAs from translating ribosomes suggests reduced function in comparison to its parent RNA modification, establishing the nature of the new structure in a newly perceived overlap of the two previously separate fields, namely an RNA modification damage.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of polyarylene ether nitrile composites blending hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Zhu Ying , Luo Yumeng , Tang Xiran , Tong Lifen , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe intrinsic thermal conductivity coefficient of polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) is low, which brings difficulty in meeting the need of advanced electronic equipment and microelectronic integrated circuit. In this research, h‐BN was mixed into PEN as fillers in view of its remarkable thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, and the influence of filler content on properties in many aspects was studied in depth. The microcosmic arrangement and interfacial compatibility between fillers and matrix were studied by SEM. AR, DSC, TGA and hot‐disk methods were performed to analyze thermal property. The results confirmed that thermal conductivity of composites was increased to 0.5444 Wm−1 K−1 at 30 wt% filler content, having 22.89% increment compared with PEN copolymer without addictive. Moreover, this PEN/h‐BN composite shows excellent thermal properties with Tg of 214.83°C, and T5% of 535.09°C. Furthermore, the dielectric constant and insulation performance of composite with 30 wt% h‐BN are improved, while the dielectric loss is kept low of 0.02 at 1 kHz. The tensile strength is 62.3 MPa and elastic modulus is 3567.5 MPa. In a whole, the 30 wt% h‐BN/PEN composite prepared in this work exhibit great potentiality and promising prospect in the field of electronics.
A long walk in the Italian countryside: Large‐scale geophysical survey within the emptyscapes initiative: Examples from the Grosseto‐Roselle valley, South Tuscany, Italy
Authors: Saito Ken 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn Italy, the potential of geophysical prospection for the characterization of archaeological landscapes, especially in previously unexplored rural or formerly urban areas, has rarely been acknowledged or seriously tested in the field, leaving the character and density of rural settlement across time virtually unknown outside areas favourable to aerial survey. It is obvious, however, that the open countryside must conceal a wide variety of archaeological information, difficult to detect and analyse within an Italian research framework largely dominated in the past by field‐walking survey and artefact collection. In response, this article presents some initial results and practical lessons from a programme of large‐scale magnetic survey aimed at the initial exploration of the lowland landscape of the Grosseto‐Roselle valley, a few kilometres inland from the Adriatic coast, in south‐western Tuscany. It is hoped that the results briefly illustrated here will encourage others to undertake similar work elsewhere in Italy and around the Mediterranean as part of a move away from an essentially ‘site‐based’ approach towards a truly ‘landscape’ perspective.
A novel fixed‐time sliding mode control for nonlinear manipulator systems based on adaptive disturbance observer
Authors: Shi Ran , Zhang Xin , Zhu Zijun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConsidering that in the trajectory tracking control of a nonlinear robotic manipulator system, the control effect is easily limited by the initial state of the system, and the system has modeling error, unknown disturbance, and friction in the actual control, to overcome the above problems, a fixed‐time sliding mode control (SMC) strategy based on adaptive disturbance observer (ADO) is developed in this paper. Firstly, feedforward compensation of the system is achieved by developing an ADO to accurately estimate the compound disturbances in the system. Second, a new fixed‐time sliding mode (SM) surface is presented to overcome the singularity issue and accelerate the error convergence. In addition, to enhance the performance of the reaching phase, a variable exponential power reaching law (VEPRL) is developed, which can effectively adjust the convergence rate. Through rigorous theoretical analysis, it is shown that the system state can be stabilized at a fixed time, and an upper bound on the convergence time is also given. Finally, the effectiveness of the control method is verified by comparing it with different control schemes in simulation.
Impact of prebiopsy MRI on prostate cancer staging: Results from the Norwegian Prostate Cancer Registry
Authors: Haug Erik Skaaheim , Myklebust Tor Åge , Juliebø‐Jones Patrick , Reisæter Lars Anders Rokne , Aas Kirsti , Berg Arne Stenrud , Müller Christoph , Hofmann Bjørn , Størkersen Øystein , Nilsen Kim L. , Johannesen Tom Børge , Beisland Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the 2015 introduction of prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate (MRI‐P) as the standard of care for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa) by the Norwegian public health care authorities. There were three specific objectives of this study: first, to evaluate the consequences of using different TNM manuals for clinical T‐staging (cT‐staging) in a national setting; second, to determine if the data reveals that MRI‐P based cT‐staging is superior to digital rectal examination (DRE)‐based cT‐staging compared with pathological T‐stage (pT‐stage) post radical prostatectomy; and third, to assess whether treatment allocations have changed over time.Materials and MethodsAll patients registered in the Norwegian Prostate Cancer Registry between 2004 and 2021 were retrieved and 5538 were eligible for inclusion. Concordance between clinical T‐stage (cT‐stage) and pT‐stage was assessed by percentage agreement, Cohen's kappa and Gwet's agreement.ResultsMR visualisation of lesions influences reporting of tumour extension beyond DRE findings. Agreement between cT‐stage and pT‐stage declined from 2004 to 2009, which coincided with an increase in the percentage being pT3. From 2010, agreement increased, which aligned with changes in cT‐staging and the introduction of MRI‐P. From 2017, regarding the reporting of cT‐DRE and cT‐Total (overall cT‐stage), agreement diminished for cT‐DRE but remained relatively stable (>60%) for cT‐Total. Regarding treatment allocation, the study suggests that staging with MRI‐P has shifted treatment towards radiotherapy in locally advanced high‐risk disease.ConclusionIntroduction of MRI‐P has affected cT‐stage reporting. Agreement between cT‐stage and pT‐stage appears to have improved. This study suggests that use of MRI‐P influences treatment decisions in certain patient subgroups.
The effect of vitamin D on morphine preference in rats: Possible biochemical and DRD2–GDNF signaling
Authors: Saeedfar Mahbubeh , Ardjmand Abolfazl , Alani Behrang , Ghaderi Amir , Banafshe Hamid Reza , Shahaboddin Mohammad Esmaeil , Ghavipanjeh Gholamreza 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite half a century of research on vitamin D (Vit. D), its link to substance abuse and dependence has only been discussed in recent decades. Evidence also shows the involvement of Vit. D in the evolution of dopaminergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens, an increase in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, and the regulation of dopaminergic processes. The novel idea for this work is taken from a hypothesis given about the effectiveness of Vit. D on dopamine signaling pathway. It is therefore presumed that Vit. D can be considered an effective therapeutic approach for narcotic addiction and substance abuse.MethodsThe animals were assigned into six groups (control, vehicle, Morphine [Mor.], and Vit. D [250, 500, and 1000 IU/kg, i.p.]). Following each conditioning session in a conditioned place preference (CPP) model, the animals received Vit. D. Afterward, the locomotor activity of the animals was assessed using open‐field apparatus. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiol, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in the brain. The relative DRD2 and GDNF expressions (%) were also measured in the hippocampus.ResultsVit. D administration after Mor. caused a significant increase in the place preference index in the acquisition phase (p < .05). Vit. D altered the oxidation/antioxidation profiles (CAT, SOD, MDA, NO, TAC, and Thiol). Vit. D was more effective than Mor. in the expression of GDNF (p < .0001); however, in the expression of DRD2, this was only the case for 1000 IU Vit. D (p < .0001).ConclusionsConsidering the increased place preference index induced by Mor., it can be concluded that Vit. D interacts via the oxidative pathway and DRD2–GDNF signaling to potentiate the Mor. effect.
Employees' response to corporate greenwashing
Authors: Robertson Jennifer L. , Montgomery A. Wren , Ozbilir Timur 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResearch on corporate greenwashing has expanded rapidly in recent years. At the same time, emerging studies in related literatures have found that employees are seeking out firms that are social and environmental leaders, and employee activism within firms is growing. However, the effect of firms' exaggeration and misrepresentation of environmental claims, or greenwashing, on their own employees has been overlooked. Accordingly, we investigate greenwashing from an organizational psychology lens, exploring the impact it can have on employees, and whether these effects differ for different types of employees. Using data collected at three separate time points from a sample of employees educated in environmental science/sustainability, our results show that greenwashing was positively related to perceptions of corporate hypocrisy, which in turn, resulted in higher turnover intentions. We also found that these relationships were moderated by employees' level of environmental education. By uncovering the deleterious effects greenwashing can have for employees, and by extension for their employers, these findings generate insights into the extent to which corporate environmental communications can backfire.
Insecticidal and Repellent Effects of the Essential Oils Extract from Zanthoxylum myriacanthum against Three Storage Pests
Authors: Li Bo‐Ya , Zhang Jia‐Wei , Zheng Yu , Wang Dan , Wang Cheng‐Fang , Du Shu‐Shan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe co‐storage of two or more Chinese herbal medicines can effectively prevent the herbs from the damage by pests. Thus, it is important to protect herbs and crops to study Chinese herbal medicines and their medicinal components against storage pests. This study aimed to assess the insecticidal activities and repellent effect of essential oils (EOs) extracted from fruits at different periods from Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f. (1 h, 2 h, 3–5 h and 5–7 h), and their major compounds against three kinds of pests (Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, and Liposcelis bostrychophila). The results of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer analysis revealed homomyrtenol (22.56 %, 28.01 %, 28.48 % and 28.41 %, respectively) and p‐cymene (30.58 %, 13.95 %, 24.97 % and 6.85 %, respectively) were the common major compounds of the EOs at 1 h, 2 h, 3–5 h, and 5–7 h. m‐Cymene contents in EOs of fruits, 1 h, 2 h and 3–5 h were 3.85 %, 0.95 %, 6.71 %, and 6.15 %, respectively. According to Principal component analysis (PCA), the composition of fruits′ EO was significantly different from other EOs due to the different collection times. The bio‐assays showed that EOs and major compounds were toxic to all three pests, but the fumigation effect on L. bostrychophila was not noticeable. EOs extracted at different times had a repellent effect on the three pests at the highest concentration (78.63 nL/cm2), but the attractive effects of the EOs of 3–5 h, 5–7 h, and p‐cymene were observed at the low concentrations (3.15, 0.63 and 0.13 nL/cm2). Our results suggest that Z. myriacanthum have the potential to be developed as biological insecticides.
Titanium‐Based Static Mixer Electrodes to Improve the Current Density of Slurry Electrodes**
Authors: Percin Korcan , Hereijgers Jonas , Mulandi Nicolas , Breugelmans Tom , Wessling Matthias 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComplex geometries for electrodes are a great challenge in electrochemical applications. Slurry electrodes have been one example, which use complex flow distributors to improve the charge transfer between the current collector and the slurry particles. Here we use titanium‐based flow distributors produced by indirect 3D‐printing to improve further the electron transfer from highly conductive flow distributors to the slurry particles for a vanadium redox flow application. The titanium static mixers are directly coated with graphite to increase the activity for vanadium redox reactions. Increasing layers of graphite have shown an optimum for the positive and negative electrolytes. The application of heat treatment on the electrodes improves the anodic and cathodic current peaks drastically. Testing the highly conductive static mixers in a self‐made redox flow cell results in 110 mA cm−2 discharge polarization.
Cycloisomerization of Alkyne‐Tethered N‐Acyloxycarbamates to 2‐(3H)Oxazolones through Nitrenoid‐Mediated Carboxyamidation
Authors: Su Siyuan , Wu Tongtong , Xia Yuanzhi , Wink Donald J. , Lee Daesung 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe cycloisomerization of alkyne‐tethered N‐benzoyloxycarbamates to 2‐(3H)oxazolones is described. Two catalytic systems are tailored for intramolecular 5‐exo‐alkyne carboxyamidation and concomitant alkene isomerization. PtCl2/CO (5 mol%, toluene, 100 °C) promotes both carboxyamidation and alkene isomerization but has a limited substrate scope. On the other hand, FeCl3 (5 mol%, CH3CN, 100 °C) promotes carboxyamidation effectively but a cocatalyst is required for the exocyclic alkene isomerization. Thus, a two‐step one‐pot protocol has been developed for a broader reaction scope, which involves FeCl3‐catalyzed carboxyamidation and base‐induced alkene isomerization. Crossover experiments suggest that these reactions proceed mainly through a mechanism involving acylnitrenoid intermediates rather than carbenoid intermediates.
Co Nanoparticles Confined in Mesoporous Mo/N Co‐Doped Polyhedral Carbon Frameworks towards High‐Efficiency Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Wang Tianwei , Gao Sanshuang , Wei Tianran , Qin Yongji , Zhang Shusheng , Ding Junyang , Liu Qian , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExploiting effective non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. Herein, we designed and fabricated Co nanoparticles confined in Mo/N co‐doped polyhedral carbon frameworks (Co‐NP/MNCF) derived from polyoxometalate‐encapsuled metal–organic framework, which showed comparable ORR performance with commercial Pt/C and a larger diffusion‐limited current density. Moreover, the Co‐NP/MNCF also exhibited excellent ORR stability and methanol tolerance. These appealing performances can be attributed to the porosity regulation and heteroatom doping of metal–organic framework derived polyhedral carbon frameworks, which could be beneficial for the exposure of more active sites, the optimization of electronic structure and the mass transfer of electrolyte/electron/ion.
Mathematical study and simulation on stenosed carotid arteries with the help of a two‐phase blood flow model
Authors: Maurya Pooja , Upadhyay Virendra , Chaturvedi Surya Kant , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present study is focused on a medical problem called stenosed carotid artery. The problem is formulated with the help of a two‐phase blood flow model. The non‐Newtonian nature of blood is considered that hold power law. Physical quantities were expressed in tensorial form. Analytical and numerical methods are used to solve equations under given boundary conditions. The effects of various parameters on blood flow like stenosis size, flow flux, resistance, haematocrit, pressure drop, etc. were studied and shown through various graphs. Parameter , which ensures that the fluid is Newtonian or non‐Newtonian; its impact on pressure drop; resistance to flow; and flow flux were obtained during the disease and presented through the graph. A relationship between pressure drop and haematocrit was obtained, which was helpful to predict fluctuation in blood flow during stenosis. We have also given a medical use for this model with the help of pathological data. We also analyzed steady and laminar flow in a carotid artery for different heights of stenosis. The study of various physiological parameters has been performed on the basis of blockage percentage and concentration of haematocrit. The nature of the red blood corpuscle (RBC) phase is considered liquid packets in a semi‐permeable membrane, which makes this model close to reality.
Thermoelectric Modules: Key Issues in Architectural Design and Contact Optimization
Authors: Basu Ranita 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInterplay between the phonons and electrons makes thermoelectric engineering enigmatic.In recent years, substantial improvement in the performance of thermoelectric materials has drawn considerable attention in experimenting their prospective applications in the thermoelectric technology. It serves as a bond between the thermoelectric alloys/materials and the modules/devices and so needs to be meticulously planned, engineered and integrated to gratify the performance of the thermoelectric products either for cooling or power generation. Here, the principle of thermoelectricity has been discussed along with the different feasible architectures and synthesis methodologies. In addition, the review also discusses the role of contact engineering, as the reliability of the thermoelectric devices depends on the overall assemblage. Moreover, thermoelectric applications are limited to niche markets wherever the need of reliability surpasses the requirement of conversion efficiency. Thus, contact issues which includes thermomechanical stresses at the interface, bonding strength and resistance at the interface are also discussed.
Robust biased estimators for Poisson regression model: Simulation and applications
Authors: Lukman Adewale F. , Arashi Mohammad , Prokaj Vilmos 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe method of maximum likelihood flops when there is linear dependency (multicollinearity) and outlier in the generalized linear models. In this study, we combined the ridge estimator with the transformed M‐estimator (MT) and the conditionally unbiased bounded influence estimator (CE). The two new estimators are called the robust MT estimator and Robust‐CE. A Monte Carlo study revealed that the proposed estimators dominate for the generalized linear models with Poisson response and log link function. The real‐life application results support the simulation outcome.