bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sequence of prime gaps is graphic
Authors: Erdős Péter L. , Harcos Gergely , Kharel Shubha R. , Maga Péter , Mezei Tamás Róbert , Toroczkai Zoltán 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLet us call a simple graph on $$n\geqslant 2$$

n
⩾
2

vertices a prime gap graph if its vertex degrees are 1 and the first $$n-1$$

n
-
1

prime gaps. We show that such a graph exists for every large n, and in fact for every $$n\geqslant 2$$

n
⩾
2

if we assume the Riemann hypothesis. Moreover, an infinite sequence of prime gap graphs can be generated by the so-called degree preserving growth process. This is the first time a naturally occurring infinite sequence of positive integers is identified as graphic. That is, we show the existence of an interesting, and so far unique, infinite combinatorial object.
Nonlinear Stability of Periodic Roll Solutions in the Real Ginzburg–Landau Equation Against $$C_{\textrm{ub}}^m$$-Perturbations
Authors: Hilder Bastian , de Rijk Björn , Schneider Guido 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe real Ginzburg–Landau equation arises as a universal amplitude equation for the description of pattern-forming systems exhibiting a Turing bifurcation. It possesses spatially periodic roll solutions which are known to be stable against localized perturbations. It is the purpose of this paper to prove their stability against bounded perturbations, which are not necessarily localized. Since all state-of-the-art techniques rely on localization or periodicity properties of perturbations, we develop a new method, which employs pure $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

-estimates only. By fully exploiting the smoothing properties of the semigroup generated by the linearization, we are able to close the nonlinear iteration despite the slower decay rates. To show the wider relevance of our method, we also apply it to the amplitude equation as it appears for pattern-forming systems with an additional conservation law.
A possible physiological mechanism of rectocele formation in women
Authors: Sun Ge , de Haas Robbert J. , Trzpis Monika , Broens Paul M. A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
We aimed to determine the anorectal physiological factors associated with rectocele formation.

Methods
Female patients (N = 32) with severe constipation, fecal incontinence, or suspicion of rectocele, who had undergone magnetic resonance defecography and anorectal function tests between 2015 and 2021, were retrospectively included for analysis. The anorectal function tests were used to measure pressure in the anorectum during defecation. Rectocele characteristics and pelvic floor anatomy were determined with magnetic resonance defecography. Constipation severity was determined with the Agachan score. Information regarding constipation-related symptoms was collected.

Results
Mean rectocele size during defecation was 2.14 ± 0.88 cm. During defecation, the mean anal sphincter pressure just before defecation was 123.70 ± 67.37 mm Hg and was associated with rectocele size (P = 0.041). The Agachan constipation score was moderately correlated with anal sphincter pressure just before defecation (r = 0.465, P = 0.022), but not with rectocele size (r = 0.276, P = 0.191). During defecation, increased anal sphincter pressure just before defecation correlated moderately and positively with straining maneuvers (r = 0.539, P = 0.007) and defecation blockage (r = 0.532, P = 0.007). Rectocele size correlated moderately and positively with the distance between the pubococcygeal line and perineum (r = 0.446, P = 0.011).

Conclusion
Increased anal sphincter pressure just before defecation is correlated with the rectocele size. Based on these results, it seems important to first treat the increased anal canal pressure before considering surgical rectocele repair to enhance patient outcomes.

Graphical abstract
Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoints Stimulation Improves Spontaneous Voiding Recovery After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Fang , Li Xiang‐Yun , Liu Xiu‐Yun , Zhang Yuan , Gong Li‐Rong , Shi Jia , Du Shi‐Han , He Si‐Meng , Li Cui , Li Yu‐Ting , Li Na , Liu Sha‐Sha , Wu Ya , Xie Zi‐Lei , Pei Zheng‐Cun , Yu Jian‐Bo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFacilitating the recurrence of spontaneous voiding is considered to be a way to prevent urinary retention after surgery, which is of great importance in cholecystectomy. This study aimed to assess the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on spontaneous voiding recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectom.MethodsParticipants who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned to either the TEAS group or the sham group. Active TEAS or sham TEAS at specific acupuncture points was conducted intraoperatively and postoperatively. The primary outcome was the recovery speed of spontaneous voiding ability after surgery and secondary outcomes included postoperative urinary retention (POUR), voiding dysfunction, pain, anxiety and depression, and early recovery after surgery.ResultsA total of 1,948 participants were recruited and randomized to TEAS (n = 975) or sham (n = 973) between August 2018 and June 2020. TEAS shortens the time delay of the first spontaneous voiding after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (5.6 h [IQR, 3.7–8.1 h] in the TEAS group vs 7.0 h [IQR, 4.7–9.7 h] in the sham group) (p < 0.001). The TEAS group experienced less POUR (p = 0.020), less voiding difficulty (p < 0.001), less anxiety and depression (p < 0.001), reduced pain (p = 0.007), and earlier ambulation (p = 0.01) than the sham group.ConclusionsOur results showed that TEAS is an effective approach to accelerate the recovery of spontaneous voiding and reduce POUR which facilitates recovery for patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
One-stage repair of proximal hypospadias by in situ tubularization of the transverse preputial island flap
Authors: Lyu Yiqing , Chen Fang , Xie Hua , Huang Yichen , Wu Min , Li Xiaoxi , Liang Yan , Peng Zhiwei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to compare the efficacy of modified transverse preputial island flap (TPIF) repair with the traditional TPIF procedure and Byar’s two-stage procedure in proximal hypospadias repair, especially in the postoperative urethral stricture incidence rates.

Materials and methods
Patients admitted for proximal hypospadias treated with modified TPIF repair, the traditional TPIF procedure, or Byar’s two-stage procedure at our institution from 2017 to 2021 were identified, and the incidence of postoperative complications among them was compared.

Results
In total, 142 patients were included (modified TPIF group, 43; traditional TPIF group, 37; and Byar’s two-stage group, 62). The length of the neourethra was 4.21 ± 0.63 cm in the modified TPIF group, 4.18 ± 0.71 cm in the traditional TPIF group, and 4.20 ± 0.68 cm in the Byar’s two-stage group. The rate of urethral stricture in the modified TPIF group (two cases, 4.65%) was significantly lower than that in the traditional TPIF group (four cases, 10.81%) (P = 0.008). Seven (16.28%) cases of urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in the modified TPIF group, six (16.22%) in the traditional TPIF group, and eight (12.90%) in the two-stage group. Additionally, one case (2.33%) of urethral diverticulum occurred in the modified TPIF group, one (2.70%) in the traditional TPIF group, and three (4.84%) in Byar’s two-stage group.

Conclusions
Modified TPIF repair can ensure a wedge anastomosis between the proximal urethral meatus and the neourethra, provide support and blood supply for the neourethra. Furthermore, it extended the urethral plate width at the anastomosis and urethral meatus, effectively reducing the incidence of urethral strictures.
Early Exacerbation Relapse is Increased in Patients with Asthma and Bronchiectasis (a Post hoc Analysis)
Authors: Hill Andrew R. , Bedi Pallavi , Cartlidge Manjit K. , Turnbull Kim , Donaldson Samantha , Clarke Andrea , Crowe Jane , Campbell Kadiga , Franguylan Ruzanna , Rossi Adriano G. , Hill Adam T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Asthma is a common comorbidity in patients with bronchiectasis and has been shown to increase the risk of bronchiectasis exacerbations. This paper explores the impact of comorbid asthma on patients receiving intravenous antibiotic treatment for bronchiectasis exacerbations.

Methods
This was a post hoc analysis of the Meropenem randomised controlled trial of 90 patients that had intravenous antibiotic treatment for bronchiectasis exacerbations. The participants were split into two groups: group 1 (asthma and bronchiectasis) and group 2 (bronchiectasis). The authors assessed response to treatment and time to next exacerbation.

Results
There were 38 participants in group 1 and 34 participants in group 2. The groups were found to be comparable in terms of age, sex, and bronchiectasis severity (median (95% CI) group 1 and then group 2 data): age 64.0(59.3, 68.6) and 63.6(57.9, 69.4) years old, p = 0.8; 57.9% and 64.7% female, p = 0.6; Bronchiectasis Severity Index 11.1(9.8, 12.4) and 10.1(8.2, 12.0), p = 0.3. There was a similar response to treatment between the groups, but group 1 were found to relapse early by day 14, 31.6% in group 1 and 11.8% in group 2, p = 0.03. In the Cox proportional hazards model, asthma was the only independent risk factor for early relapse by day 14 (odds ratio (95% CI) 3.16 (1.02–9.79), p = 0.047).

Conclusion
The clinical response to treatment was similar but patients with coexisting asthma were at increased risk of early relapse within 14 days of stopping intravenous antibiotic therapy. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02047773.
Captain America without the shield: elytra loss and the evolution of alternative defence strategies in beetles
Authors: Goczał Jakub 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe formation of protective covers called elytra is considered to be a crucial morphological adaptation that has greatly supported the extraordinary radiation of beetles. However, in some beetle lineages, a reduction of elytra has occurred. Evolutionary consequences of this mysterious biological phenomenon have never been systematically discussed. In this study, a suggestive analogy to pop culture was used to illustrate a wide range of incredible defence strategies that can be found in several groups of beetles characterised by reduced elytra. This might include for instance: the hardening of the abdominal tergites, Batesian mimicry, aposematic coloration, chemical protection or defensive bioluminescence. It is not clear whether these new inventions have evolved as a direct response to the elytra loss, but it is very likely that the alternative defence strategies, common in brachelytrous beetles, might compensate for the loss of the primary protective structures. The use of suggestive analogies to pop culture icons, constitutes a promising tool for scientists to construct new theoretical templates, as well as to communicate and promote their recent findings, bridging the gap between researchers and the public.
Plant–soil interactions in the native range of two congeneric species with contrasting invasive success
Authors: Florianová Anna , Hanzelková Věra , Drtinová Lucie , Pánková Hana , Cajthaml Tomáš , Münzbergová Zuzana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare plant–soil interactions in the native range of two congeneric European species differing in their invasive success in the world: a globally invasiveCirsium vulgareand non-invasiveC. oleraceum. We assessed changes in soil nutrients and soil biota following soil conditioning by each species and compared performance of plants grown in self-conditioned and unconditioned soil, from which all, some or no biota was excluded. The invasive species depleted more nutrients than the non-invasive species and coped better with altered nutrient levels. The invasive species had higher seedling establishment which benefited from the presence of unconditioned biota transferred by soil filtrate. Biomass of both species increased in soil with self-conditioned soil filtrate and decreased in soil with self-conditioned whole-soil inoculum compared to unconditioned filtrate and inoculum. However, the increase was smaller and the decrease greater for the invasive species. The invasive species allocated less biomass to roots when associated with harmful biota, reducing negative effects of the biota on its performance. The results show that in the native range the invasive species is more limited by self-conditioned pathogens and benefits more from unconditioned mutualists and thus may benefit more from loss of effectively specialized soil biota in a secondary range. Our study highlights the utility of detailed plant-soil feedback research in species native range for understanding factors regulating species performance in their native range and pinpointing the types of biota involved in their regulation.
Wear behavior at margins of direct composite with CAD/CAM composite and enamel
Authors: Lassila Lippo , Novotny Rudolf , Säilynoja Eija , Vallittu Pekka K. , Garoushi Sufyan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The aim was to investigate the two-body wear at the marginal area between direct filling composites and substrate of CAD/CAM composites or enamel.

Materials and methods
Flat specimens were prepared from CAD/CAM composites (CERASMART 270 and SFRC CAD) and bovine enamel. A box-shaped cavity cut into CAD/CAM composites and enamel surfaces was made. The prepared cavity in CAD/CAM composites was treated with a primer, while in enamel, the cavity was treated with an adhesive. Three conventional composites (Universal Injectable, G-aenial A’Chord, and Filtek Bulk Fill) and one short fiber composite (everX Flow) were placed and cured in the prepared cavities. A two-body wear test was conducted with 15,000 chewing cycles using a dual-axis chewing simulator. The specimens (n = 5/per group) were positioned to produce wear (load = 20 N) across the marginal area between filling composites and substrates. The wear depth was analyzed using a 3D optical profilometer. SEM was used to evaluate the wear behavior and margins between the filling and substrate materials.

Results
All composites used displayed different wear behavior (20–39 µm) (p < 0.05). The highest wear values were recorded for A’Chord and Filtek, while the lowest values were for Injectable and CERASMART 270. The data analysis showed that the wear behavior of substrate materials depends on the filling materials used at margins (p < 0.05). The marginal breakdown was seen only between bovine enamel and filling composites.

Conclusions
The use of the two-body wear simulation method revealed important information about the behavior of the filling composites at the marginal area with CAD/CAM composites or bovine enamel substrates.

Clinical relevance
The marginal breakdown related to the material combination at the bonding region.
Renewable solar and wind energies on buildings for green ports in Egypt
Authors: Tawfik Magdy , Shehata Ahmed S. , Hassan Amr Ali , Kotb Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnergy management plan is utilized as an optimum strategy by using solar and wind energies, as a new preliminary implementation. The aim of the study is to create an optimum strategy through an optimization of an energy management system. The study implemented an onsite model, two numerical approaches, and an optimization analysis on a Mediterranean port. Two approaches have been used: solar energy is applied experimentally and numerically, and then wind energy is simulated. An optimization analysis integrated the two approaches together to control their operation. The results showed the installed solar panels provided sufficient generated power for the buildings. Also, the simulated wind arrays showed good behavior with increased power coefficient for the wind turbines, for future implementation. These results were validated using the DesignBuilder software and showed accurate values regarding the experiment for solar panels and CFD simulation. Eventually, a Pareto optimality analysis is applied between the solar and wind energies to reveal an energy management plan. Renewable energy offered energy to support the consumption of the port’s buildings.
Using the three horizons approach to explore pathways towards positive futures for agricultural landscapes with rich biodiversity
Authors: Schaal Tamara , Mitchell Michael , Scheele Ben C. , Ryan Paul , Hanspach Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn light of the global challenges of the Anthropocene, including biodiversity loss, there are increasing calls for positive, inspirational futures to motivate action and help steer away from current, largely unsustainable trajectories. The three horizons framework is an approach in future studies that engages with normative futures and helps develop pathways towards them. However, this approach has not been applied to explore opportunities for biodiversity conservation with farming communities. We developed a template to apply the three horizons framework in combination with storytelling to explore positive futures for agricultural landscapes with rich biodiversity. We then applied this method over two workshops with a rural community in a farming landscape of south-eastern Australia facing typical contemporary challenges of an ageing population, climate change, biodiversity loss and global market uncertainty. In the workshops, six pathways for change were developed. We unpack these narratives of change to contrast problem framings, future aspirations and mechanisms of change and discuss implications for conservation. We discuss our approach to integrating diverse perspectives and values, creating actionable knowledge and highlight the role of governance and policy to support individual and collective agency. We conclude that the three horizons approach has the potential to create actionable knowledge through locally meaningful narratives of change, and thus influence priorities and empower local action. For lasting on-ground change, leadership and effective cross-scale governance is required.
Regenerative agriculture: a potentially transformative storyline shared by nine discourses
Authors: Gordon Ethan , Davila Federico , Riedy Chris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractModern agriculture is underpinned by a colonial, industrial and productivist discourse. Agricultural practices inspired by this discourse have fed billions but degraded socio-ecological systems. Regenerative agriculture (RA) is a prominent alternative seeking to transform food production and repair ecosystems. This paper proposes that RA discourse is supported by a shared storyline binding diverse actors and discourses together—a discourse coalition. Consequently, multiple discourses contribute to the over-arching discourse of RA. A discourse analysis was conducted on texts from ninety-six organisations and complimented by twenty-two interviews in Australia and the USA. This analysis identified nine discourses contributing to RA discourse: Restoration for Profit; Big Picture Holism; Regenerative Organic; Regrarian Permaculture; Regenerative Cultures; Deep Holism; First Nations; Agroecology and Food Sovereignty; and Subtle Energies. This paper describes and examines these component discourses and discusses tensions that may make RA vulnerable to co-optation and greenwashing, diluting its transformative potential.
Are customer star ratings and sentiments aligned? A deep learning study of the customer service experience in tourism destinations
Authors: Bigne Enrique , Ruiz Carla , Perez-Cabañero Carmen , Cuenca Antonio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study explores the consistency between star ratings and sentiments expressed in online reviews and how they relate to the different components of the customer experience. We combine deep learning applied to natural language processing, machine learning and artificial neural networks to identify how the positive and negative components of 20,954 online reviews posted on TripAdvisor about tourism attractions in Venice impact on their overall polarity and star ratings. Our findings showed that sentiment valence is aligned with star ratings. A cancel-out effect operates between the positive and negative sentiments linked to the service experience dimensions in mixed-neutral reviews.
Hardening Due to Vanadium Carbides Formed During Short-Time Aging of Hadfield Steels
Authors: Wang Jiangting , Bruel Guillaume , Wang Zhiyang , Gilbert Elliot Paul , Cizek Pavel , Corujeira-Gallo Santiago , Fabijanic Daniel , Barnett Matthew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrecipitation hardening is a promising approach for strengthening of Hadfield steels. The present study examines the potential to achieve this by combining vanadium addition (up to 2 wt pct) with short-time aging (15 minutes) at 1173 K (900 °C). It was found that such a treatment is sufficient to generate a dispersion of nanoscale precipitates that provided a significant increase in hardness. Small-angle neutron scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements were performed to quantify the particle dispersion, and Orowan precipitate hardening predictions made using the parameters thus obtained show good correspondence with the observed rates of age hardening, suggesting the precipitates are resistant to shearing. The present steels containing vanadium showed a small reduction in work-hardening capacity and this is believed to be due to carbon depletion from the matrix. It is concluded that the addition of vanadium and a short aging treatment at 1173 K (900 °C) provide a promising pathway to imparting hardness increases that provide gouge resistance during the running-in period of components made from Hadfield steel. For optimum performance, additional carbon should be added to maintain the solute carbon content of the matrix, and hence the matrix work-hardening rate.
$$L^\infty (\Omega )$$ a priori estimates for subcritical semilinear elliptic equations with a Carathéodory non-linearity
Authors: Pardo Rosa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe consider a semilinear boundary value problem $$ -\Delta u= f(x,u),$$

-
Δ
u
=
f
(
x
,
u
)
,

in $$\Omega ,$$

Ω
,

with Dirichlet boundary conditions, where $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^N $$

Ω
⊂

R

N

with $$N> 2,$$

N
>
2
,

is a bounded smooth domain, and f is a Carathéodory function, superlinear and subcritical at infinity. We provide $$L^\infty (\Omega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

a priori estimates for weak solutions in terms of their $$L^{2^*}(\Omega )$$

L

2
∗

(
Ω
)

-norm, where $$2^*=\frac{2N}{N-2}\ $$

2
∗

=

2
N

N
-
2

is the critical Sobolev exponent. In particular, our results also apply to $$f(x,s)=a(x)\,\frac{|s|^{2^*_{N/r}-2}s}{\big [\log (e+|s|)\big ]^\beta }\,$$

f

(
x
,
s
)

=
a

(
x
)

|
s
|

2

N
/
r

∗

-
2

s

[

log

(
e
+
|
s
|
)

]

β

, where $$a\in L^r(\Omega )$$

a
∈

L
r

(
Ω
)

with $$N/2<r\le \infty $$

N
/
2
<
r
≤
∞

, and $$2_{N/r}^*:=2^*\left( 1-\frac{1}{r}\right) $$

2

N
/
r

∗

:
=

2
∗

1
-

1
r

. Assume $$N/2<r\le N$$

N
/
2
<
r
≤
N

. We show that for any $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

there exists a constant $$C_\varepsilon >0$$

C
ε

>
0

such that for any solution $$u\in H^1_0(\Omega )$$

u
∈

H
0
1

(
Ω
)

, the following holds: $$\begin{aligned} \Big [\log \big (e+\Vert u\Vert _{\infty }\big )\Big ]^\beta \le C _\varepsilon \, \Big (1+\Vert u\Vert _{2^*}\Big )^{\, (2^*_{N/r}-2)(1+\varepsilon )}. \end{aligned}$$

[

log

(

e
+

‖
u
‖

∞

)

]

β

≤

C
ε

(

1
+

‖
u
‖

2
∗

)

(

2

N
/
r

∗

-
2
)

(
1
+
ε
)

.

To establish our results, we do not assume any restrictions on the sign of the solutions, or on the non-linearity. Our approach is based on Gagliardo–Nirenberg and Caffarelli–Kohn–Nirenberg interpolation inequalities. Finally, we state sufficient conditions for having $$H_0^1(\Omega )$$

H
0
1

(
Ω
)

uniform a priori bounds for non-negative solutions, so finally we provide suficient conditions for having $$L^\infty (\Omega )$$

L
∞

(
Ω
)

uniform a priori bounds, which holds roughly speaking for superlinear and subcritical non-linearities.