bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia after adjustment by genetic susceptibility for smoking: implications in identification of risk genes and genetic correlation with related traits
Authors: Al-Soufi Laila , Costas Javier 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of smoking in schizophrenia (SCZ) is larger than in general population. Genetic studies provided some evidence of a causal effect of smoking on SCZ. We aim to characterize the genetic susceptibility to SCZ affected by genetic susceptibility to smoking.MethodsMulti-trait-based conditional and joint analysis was applied to the largest European SCZ genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to remove genetic effects on SCZ driven by smoking, estimated by generalized summary data-based Mendelian randomization. Enrichment analysis was performed to compare original v. conditional GWAS. Change in genetic correlation between SCZ and relevant traits after conditioning was assessed. Colocalization analysis was performed to identify specific loci confirming general findings.ResultsConditional analysis identified 19 new risk loci for SCZ and 42 lost loci whose association with SCZ may be partially driven by smoking. These results were strengthened by colocalization analysis. Enrichment analysis indicated a higher association of differentially expressed genes at prenatal brain stages after conditioning. Genetic correlation of SCZ with substance use and dependence, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and several externalizing traits significantly changed after conditioning. Colocalization of association signal between SCZ and these traits was identified for some of the lost loci, such as CHRNA2, CUL3, and PCDH7.ConclusionsOur approach led to identification of potential new SCZ loci, loci partially associated to SCZ through smoking, and a shared genetic susceptibility between SCZ and smoking behavior related to externalizing phenotypes. Application of this approach to other psychiatric disorders and substances may lead to a better understanding of the role of substances on mental health.
The association between trajectories of change in social functioning and psychological treatment outcome in university students: a growth mixture model analysis
Authors: Barnett Phoebe , Saunders Rob , Buckman Joshua E. J. , Naqvi Syed Ali , Singh Satwant , Stott Joshua , Wheatley Jon , Pilling Stephen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe transition to university and resultant social support network disruption can be detrimental to the mental health of university students. As the need for mental health support is becoming increasingly prevalent in students, identification of factors associated with poorer outcomes is a priority. Changes in social functioning have a bi-directional relationship with mental health, however it is not clear how such measures may be related to effectiveness of psychological treatments.MethodsGrowth mixture models were estimated on a sample of 5221 students treated in routine mental health services to identify different trajectories of change in self-rated impairment in social leisure activities and close relationships during the course of treatment. Multinomial regression explored associations between trajectory classes and treatment outcomes.ResultsFive trajectory classes were identified for social leisure activity impairment while three classes were identified for close relationship impairment. In both measures most students remained mildly impaired. Other trajectories included severe impairment with limited improvement, severe impairment with delayed improvement, and, in social leisure activities only, rapid improvement, and deterioration. Trajectories of improvement were associated with positive treatment outcomes while trajectories of worsening or stable severe impairment were associated with negative treatment outcomes.ConclusionsChanges in social functioning impairment are associated with psychological treatment outcomes in students, suggesting that these changes may be associated with treatment effectiveness as well as recovery experiences. Future research should seek to establish whether a causal link exists to understand whether integrating social support within psychological treatment may bring additional benefit for students.
From soft law to hard law in business and human rights and the challenge of corporate power
Authors: Joseph Sarah , Kyriakakis Joanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe introduce this symposium of articles by explaining the notions of hard and soft law, and reviewing UN developments on business and human rights in this light. We move to a more detailed discussion of existing hard law, particularly the state duty to protect, before examining examples of fulfilment of that duty via the domestication (especially the judicialization) of human rights norms for business. We also note the many pitfalls in contemporary approaches, before examining how the proposed legally binding instrument might address those pitfalls. We conclude with commentary on how soft and hard norms to date have failed to grapple with corporate power, the issue which animates the need for a business human rights debate in the first place, before introducing the articles to follow.
Factors associated with the need for inotropic support following pulmonary artery banding surgery for CHD
Authors: Mastropietro Christopher W. , Clark Andrea B. , Loke Katie L. , Chaudhry Paulomi , Cossu Anne E. , Patel Jyoti K. , Herrmann Jeremy L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:We aimed to identify factors independently associated with the need for inotropic support for low cardiac output or haemodynamic instability after pulmonary artery banding surgery for CHD.Methods:We performed a retrospective chart review of all neonates and infants who underwent pulmonary banding between January 2016 and June 2019 at our institution. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with the use of post-operative inotropic support, defined as the initiation of inotropic infusion(s) for depressed myocardial function, hypotension, or compromised perfusion within 24 hours of pulmonary artery banding.Results:We reviewed 61 patients. Median age at surgery was 10 days (25%,75%:7,30). Cardiac anatomy was biventricular in 38 patients (62%), hypoplastic right ventricle in 14 patients (23%), and hypoplastic left ventricle in 9 patients (15%). Inotropic support was implemented in 30 patients (49%). Baseline characteristics of patients who received inotropic support, including ventricular anatomy and pre-operative ventricular function, were not statistically different from the rest of the cohort. Patients who received inotropic support, however, were exposed to larger cumulative doses of ketamine intraoperatively – median 4.0 mg/kg (25%,75%:2.8,5.9) versus 1.8 mg/kg (25%,75%:0.9,4.5), p < 0.001. In a multivariable model, cumulative ketamine dose greater than 2.5mg/kg was associated with post-operative inotropic support (odds ratio 5.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.7,17.8), independent of total surgery time.Conclusions:Inotropic support was administered in approximately half of patients who underwent pulmonary artery banding and more commonly occurred in patients who received higher cumulative doses of ketamine intraoperatively, independent of the duration of surgery.
Plication for diaphragm paralysis after paediatric cardiac surgery: a single-centre experience
Authors: Simsek Baran , Ozyuksel Arda , Saygi Murat , Bilal Mehmet Salih 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:Diaphragm paralysis is a well-known complication following surgery for CHDs, which increases morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay as well as costs. Herein, we present our experience with diaphragm plication following paralysis of the phrenic nerve encountered after paediatric cardiac surgery.Methods:This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 23 diaphragm plications in 20 patients who underwent paediatric cardiac surgery between January 2012 and January 2022. The patients were carefully selected based on aetiology and a combination of clinical manifestation and chest imaging characteristics including chest X-ray, ultrasonography, and fluoroscopy.Results:Twenty-three successful plications were performed in 20 patients (15 males and 5 females) out of a total of 1938 operations performed in our centre. Mean age and body weight were 18.2 ± 17.1 months and 8.3 ± 3.7 kg, respectively. The period between the cardiac surgery and diaphragmatic plication was 18.7 ± 15.1 days. The highest incidence of diaphragm paralysis was encountered in systemic to pulmonary artery shunt patients with 7 out of 152 patients (4.6%). Any mortality was not encountered during a mean follow-up period of 4.3 ± 2.6 years.Conclusions:Early results of plication of the diaphragm following phrenic nerve palsy in symptomatic patients who underwent paediatric cardiac surgery are encouraging. Evaluation of the diaphragmatic function should be a routine part of post-operative echocardiography. Diaphragm paralysis may be a consequence of dissection, contusion, stretching, and thermal injury both in terms of hypothermia and hyperthermia.
Immediate Medical Care Rendered by US Law Enforcement Officers after Officer-Involved Shootings – An Open-Access Public Domain Video Analysis
Authors: McGuire Sarayna S. , Keim Audrey , Blakeney Craig A. , Brand Shari I. , Klassen Aaron B. , Luke Anuradha , Maher Steven A. , Wood Jeffrey M. , Sztajnkrycer Matthew D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground:After officer-involved shootings (OIS), rapid delivery of emergency medical care is critical but may be delayed due to scene safety concerns. The purpose of this study was to describe medical care rendered by law enforcement officers (LEOs) after lethal force incidents.Methods:Retrospective analysis of open-source video footage of OIS occurring from February 15, 2013 through December 31, 2020. Frequency and nature of care provided, time until LEO and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) care, and mortality outcomes were evaluated. The study was deemed exempt by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board.Results:Three hundred forty-two (342) videos were included in the final analysis; LEOs rendered care in 172 (50.3%) incidents. Average elapsed time from time-of-injury (TOI) to LEO-provided care was 155.8 (SD = 198.8) seconds. Hemorrhage control was the most common intervention performed. An average of 214.2 seconds elapsed between LEO care and EMS arrival. No mortality difference was identified between LEO versus EMS care (P = .1631). Subjects with truncal wounds were more likely to die than those with extremity wounds (P < .00001).Conclusions:It was found that LEOs rendered medical care in one-half of all OIS incidents, initiating care on average 3.5 minutes prior to EMS arrival. Although no significant mortality difference was noted for LEO versus EMS care, this finding must be interpreted cautiously, as specific interventions, such as extremity hemorrhage control, may have impacted select patients. Future studies are needed to determine optimal LEO care for these patients.
Genetic diversity of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) from Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Morillo-Coronado Ana Cruz , Manjarres-Hernández Elsa Helena , Pedreros-Benavides María Camila 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChenopodium quinoa W. is a species of South America with an exceptional nutritional content and wide agroclimatological adaptation. It has great genetic and phenotypic variability, however in Colombia there are few genetic improvement programmes that take advantage of its great genetic and productive potential. In Cundinamarca there are some adapted genotypes which have been selected by farmers. We evaluated 36 genotypes of Blanca de Jericó, Blanca Subachoque, Aurora, Púrpura and Tunkahuan from Cundinamarca, using eight ISSR markers. The analysis by the coefficient of Nei-Li at the level of similarity of 0.40 divided the population into three groups according their background genetic and the colour of oxalates. The percentage of polymorphic loci was higher than 90%. The average value of heterozygosity was 0.32, which is low given the selection processes that the evaluated germplasm has undergone. We found moderate genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.23). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed higher variation (77%) groups than among groups (23%). The results revealed intra-population diversity, which suggests that farmers within their farms should undergo a more rigorous seed selection process. Our results demonstrate that ISSR markers are useful and powerful to assess the genetic relationships, polymorphism and genetic diversity of quinoa cultivars. The genetic characterization results reported in the present study will be promising for guiding the breeding of quinoa seed quality in Colombia.
Development of a set of InDel markers for characterizing three japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Zhu Yue , Xiao Chujian , Yuan Jianming , Liu Yaoguang , Zhang Qunyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe use of molecular markers is one of the most sensitive, powerful technologies for genetic purity assessment of seed lots. In this study, we aimed to develop a set of insertion and deletion (InDel) markers, through bioinformatics approaches, that may effectively distinguish three representative japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, Nipponbare, Taichung 65 and Zhonghua11. The published whole-genome sequences of these varieties were aligned using BWA-MEM, followed by manual inspection for InDels of more than ten base pairs in size with the tview function of SAMtools. A set of ten InDel markers were thus identified and then validated by PCR in the three japonica rice varieties and their intercross F1 hybrids. Results showed that the InDel markers developed in this study could reliably distinguish these three japonica rice varieties. These molecular markers together with the detection method developed here can be applied to DNA-based genetic purity evaluation in rice breeding.
Interweaving influences and adaptations: sartorial endeavors of Okakura Kakuzō and M. K. Gandhi
Authors: Banerjee Maumita 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUniversalism, as a historical category, played an important ideological role in forging political solidarities beyond national boundaries in the modern period. The paper traces this idea in modern Asia through the sartorial styles of two intellectuals, Okakura Kakuzō and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Clothing as a medium of inquiry offers a unique scholarly perspective to articulate the role of universalism vis-à-vis nationalism in colonial India and modern Japan. Since dress politics existed in Eastern and Western societies, it allows us to study lived experiences through a transregional dialog. Both men recognized clothing as an effective political lexicon to fashion the self and creatively include others within the ideological space. Due to their early exposure to various cultures, the clothing style adopted by Okakura and Gandhi was founded on notions of plurality and belonging to multiple places and people. Their positionality enabled them to establish a dialog with both national and imperial politics and dress in a style that was self-made and world-aware. The paper uses their photographs and writings from a period that engendered the practice of universalism and challenged the narratives of nationalism.
Effect of osmotic potential and temperature on germination of kochia (Bassia scoparia) populations from the U.S. Great Plains
Authors: Yadav Ramawatar , Jha Prashant , Kniss Andrew R. , Lawrence Nevin C. , Sbatella Gustavo M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDevelopment of integrated weed management strategies requires knowledge of weed emergence timing and patterns, which are regulated primarily by water and thermal requirements for seed germination. Laboratory experiments were conducted in fall 2017 to fall 2018 to quantify the effect of osmotic potential and temperature on germination of 44 kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] populations under controlled conditions. Bassia scoparia populations were collected in fall 2016 from northern (near Huntley, MT, and Powell, WY) and southern (near Lingle, WY, and Scottsbluff, NE) regions of the U.S. Great Plains. Ten osmotic potentials from 0 to −2.1 MPa and eight constant temperatures from 4 to 26 C were evaluated. Response of B. scoparia populations to osmotic potential did not differ between the northern and southern regions. At an osmotic potential of 0 MPa, all B. scoparia populations had greater than 98% germination, and the time to achieve 50% germination (t50) was less than 1 d. At −1.6 MPa, 25% of seeds of all B. scoparia populations germinated. Osmotic potentials of −0.85 and −1.9 MPa reduced B. scoparia germination by 10% and 90%, respectively. Regardless of temperature regime, all populations exhibited greater than 88% germination. The germination rate was highest at temperatures between 15 to 26 C and did not differ between populations from northern versus southern regions. At this temperature range, all populations had a t50 of less than 1 d. However, at 4 C, B. scoparia populations from the northern region had a higher germination rate (5 h) and cumulative germination (7%) than populations from the southern region. Overall, these results indicate a wide range of optimum temperatures and osmotic potential requirements for B. scoparia germination.
Depth‐Dependent Slow Earthquakes Controlled by Temperature Dependence of Brittle‐Ductile Transitional Rheology
Authors: Ando Ryosuke , Ujiie Kohtaro , Nishiyama Naoki , Mori Yasushi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe discovery of slow earthquakes illuminates the existence of a strange depth dependence of seismogenesis, which contradicts the common understanding of smooth brittle/seismic‐ductile/aseismic transition as going deeper into the earth's surface layers. However, within the transitional layer on plate interfaces, observations have clarified slip velocities of slow earthquakes changing from those slower to faster with increasing depth, as described by the “seismogenic inversion layer.” We propose a new mechanical model that can consistently explain the classic brittle‐ductile transition and this inversion phenomenon by considering the heterogeneous fault zone composed of brittle blocks in the ductile matrix. The key mechanism is the interplay between the volumetric fraction of brittle blocks and the viscosity of the surrounding plastically deformed matrix, where the former and the latter decrease with increasing temperature. This model is extended to shallow‐slow earthquakes. Our results open a new pathway to infer the deformation mechanisms underlying slow earthquakes.
Increased retinoic acid signaling decreases lung metastasis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by inhibiting the noncanonical Notch1 pathway
Authors: Zhou Meng-jiao , Yang Jia-jie , Ma Ting-yao , Feng Ge-xuan , Wang Xue-lian , Wang Li-Yong , Ge Yu-ze , Gao Ran , Liu Hong-liang , Shan Lin , Kong Lu , Chen Xiao-hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMYB-NFIB fusion and NOTCH1 mutation are common hallmark genetic events in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). However, abnormal expression of MYB and NOTCH1 is also observed in patients without MYB-NFIB fusion and NOTCH1 mutation. Here, we explore in-depth the molecular mechanisms of lung metastasis through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and exome target capture sequencing in two SACC patients without MYB-NFIB fusion and NOTCH1 mutation. Twenty-five types of cells in primary and metastatic tissues were identified via Seurat clustering and categorized into four main stages ranging from near-normal to cancer-based on the abundance of each cell cluster in normal tissue. In this context, we identified the Notch signaling pathway enrichment in almost all cancer cells; RNA velocity, trajectory, and sub-clustering analyses were performed to deeply investigate cancer progenitor-like cell clusters in primary tumor-associated lung metastases, and signature genes of progenitor-like cells were enriched in the “MYC_TARGETS_V2” gene set. In vitro, we detected the NICD1-MYB-MYC complex by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and incidentally identified retinoic acid (RA) as an endogenous antagonist of genes in the “MYC_TARGETS_V2” gene set. Following this, we confirmed that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) suppresses the lung metastasis of SACC by correcting erroneous cell differentiation mainly caused by aberrant NOTCH1 or MYB expression. Bioinformatic, RNA-seq, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of primary tissues and metastatic lung tissues from patients with SACC suggested that RA system insufficiency partially promotes lung metastasis. These findings imply the value of the RA system in diagnosis and treatment.
Human brain organoid model of maternal immune activation identifies radial glia cells as selectively vulnerable
Authors: Sarieva Kseniia , Kagermeier Theresa , Khakipoor Shokoufeh , Atay Ezgi , Yentür Zeynep , Becker Katharina , Mayer Simone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaternal immune activation (MIA) during critical windows of gestation is correlated with long-term neurodevelopmental deficits in the offspring, including increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in humans. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) derived from the gestational parent is one of the major molecular mediators by which MIA alters the developing brain. In this study, we establish a human three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of MIA by treating induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dorsal forebrain organoids with a constitutively active form of IL-6, Hyper-IL-6. We validate our model by showing that dorsal forebrain organoids express the molecular machinery necessary for responding to Hyper-IL-6 and activate STAT signaling upon Hyper-IL-6 treatment. RNA sequencing analysis reveals the upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) genes in response to Hyper-IL-6 exposure, which have been implicated with ASD. We find a small increase in the proportion of radial glia cells after Hyper-IL-6 treatment through immunohistochemistry and single-cell RNA-sequencing. We further show that radial glia cells are the cell type with the highest number of differentially expressed genes, and Hyper-IL-6 treatment leads to the downregulation of genes related to protein translation in line with a mouse model of MIA. Additionally, we identify differentially expressed genes not found in mouse models of MIA, which might drive species-specific responses to MIA. Finally, we show abnormal cortical layering as a long-term consequence of Hyper-IL-6 treatment. In summary, we establish a human 3D model of MIA, which can be used to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the increased risk for developing disorders such as ASD.