bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
iPSC-Derived Pancreatic Progenitors Lacking FOXA2 Reveal Alterations in miRNA Expression Targeting Key Pancreatic Genes
Authors: Aldous Noura , Elsayed Ahmed K. , Alajez Nehad M. , Abdelalim Essam M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecently, we reported that forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) is required for the development of human pancreatic α- and β-cells. However, whether miRNAs play a role in regulating pancreatic genes during pancreatic development in the absence of FOXA2 expression is largely unknown. Here, we aimed to capture the dysregulated miRNAs and to identify their pancreatic-specific gene targets in pancreatic progenitors (PPs) derived from wild-type induced pluripotent stem cells (WT-iPSCs) and from iPSCs lacking FOXA2 (FOXA2–/–iPSCs). To identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs), and genes (DEGs), two different FOXA2–/–iPSC lines were differentiated into PPs. FOXA2–/– PPs showed a significant reduction in the expression of the main PP transcription factors (TFs) in comparison to WT-PPs. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated significant reduction in the mRNA expression of genes involved in the development and function of exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Furthermore, miRNA profiling identified 107 downregulated and 111 upregulated DEmiRs in FOXA2–/– PPs compared to WT-PPs. Target prediction analysis between DEmiRs and DEGs identified 92 upregulated miRNAs, predicted to target 1498 downregulated genes in FOXA2–/– PPs. Several important pancreatic TFs essential for pancreatic development were targeted by multiple DEmiRs. Selected DEmiRs and DEGs were further validated using RT-qPCR. Our findings revealed that FOXA2 expression is crucial for pancreatic development through regulating the expression of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine genes targeted by a set of miRNAs at the pancreatic progenitor stage. These data provide novel insights of the effect of FOXA2 deficiency on miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks controlling pancreatic development and differentiation.
Graphical Abstract
The Role of PGK1 in Promoting Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury-Induced Microglial M1 Polarization and Inflammation by Regulating Glycolysis
Authors: Cao Wei , Feng Zhengzhe , Zhu Deyuan , Li Suya , Du Meng , Ye Shifei , Qi Dayong , Li Peng , Chen Yan , Fang Yibin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStroke is a leading cause of death, with a continuously increasing incidence. As a metabolic process that catabolizes glucose pyruvate and provides adenosine triphosphate (ATP), glycolysis plays a crucial role in different diseases. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) facilitates energy production with biosynthesis in many diseases, including stroke. However, the exact role of PGK1/glycolysis in stroke remains to be elucidated. A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to mimic ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Oxygen glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) was used to induce injury to highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (HAPI) rat microglial cells. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) was determined using an XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. ATP, lactate dehydrogenase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 levels were measured using commercial kits. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to examine the interaction between H3K27ac or p300 and the PGK1 promoter region. PGK1 was either knocked down or overexpressed by lentivirus. Thus, to examine its role in stroke, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting were used to measure gene expression. The expression of PGK1 was increased and associated with M1 polarization and glycolysis in MCAO rat models. OGD/R promoted M1 polarization and HAPI microglial cell inflammation by regulating glycolysis. Silencing PGK1 reduced OGD/R-increased M1 polarization, inflammation, and glycolysis. Conversely, the overexpression of PGK1 promoted HAPI microglial cell inflammation by regulating glycolysis. The mechanism showed that histone acetyltransferase p300 promoted PGK1 expression through H3K27 acetylation. Finally, data indicated that silencing PGK1 inhibited microglia M1 polarization, inflammation, and glycolysis in MCAO rat models. PGK1 could promote ischemia/reperfusion injury-induced microglial M1 polarization and inflammation by regulating glycolysis, which might provide a novel direction in developing new therapeutic medications for preventing or treating stroke.
Unpacking the political-criminal nexus in state-cybercrimes: a macro-level typology
Authors: Lavorgna Anita 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCriminological literature on crime and deviance in cyberspace has boomed in recent years with most studies focusing on computer integrity crimes, computer content crimes and financial cybercrimes, also discussing the opportunity to consider some of these crimes as profit-driven forms of organised crime. The existing literature, however, has not addressed extensively yet the impact of the emergence and proliferation of cyber affordances on forms of state-organized crime – a conceptualization that since the late ‘80 s proved successful in shedding light, among other things, on the relationships among social structures and criminality. Seeking to address this gap, this conceptual contribution focuses on state-cybercrimes, where illegal, harmful or unjust cyber activities are committed for the benefit of a state or its agencies, offering a macro-typology to shed light on how cyber affordances are influencing and transforming the state-crime relations.
Absence of Belemnites in the Post-Cenomanian Marine Successions of Cauvery Basin, India: Role of Sea Level, Paleogeography, and Belemnite Paleoecology
Authors: Mondal Subhronil , Hazra Shreyasi , Chakraborty Nivedita 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Belemnites were important Mesozoic marine organisms, and Cretaceous belemnite rostra are found worldwide, including the Cauvery Basin, south-eastern India. However, in the Cauvery Basin, belemnites of the families Belemnopseidae and Dimitobelidae are found only from the Albian-Cenomanian rocks but are absent in the overlying Turonian-Maastrichtian rocks. Although Belemnopseidae became globally extinct in the Cenomanian, Dimitobelidae was still thriving in the nearby Austral regions, so it is not clear why belemnites suddenly suffered local extinction. Moreover, in the post-Cenomanian interval, the newly evolved family Belemnitellidae was thriving globally but is absent in India. To understand the causes of this local extinction as well as the causes of the complete absence in the younger rocks, an analysis of different paleoecological-paleoenvironmental conditions was carried out of all Albian to Maastrichtian formations of the Cauvery Basin against the background of the global belemnite paleobiogeography and evolutionary patterns. The study reveals, during the end Cenomanian, shallowing of the basin caused the local extinction of the shelf-living Belemnopseidae and Dimitobelidae in this basin. In the younger intervals, since India was migrating towards the equator, the stenothermal Dimitobelidae did not survive the warmer water surrounding India and only thieved in the cooler Austral water. Perhaps for the same reason, Dimitobelidae never invaded India, even during the Late Cretaceous transgression. Moreover, during its northern voyage, India was surrounded by deep ocean, acting as a physical barrier for the shelf-dwelling Belemnitellidae of the Boreal Realm to invade India.
Unravelling Source Area Composition for the Paleoproterozoic Basal Conglomerate (Vindhyan Supergroup) around Dalla, Sonbhadra District, Central India
Authors: Singh Ankita A. , Singh B. P. , Prakash D. , Singh C. K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The present investigation reveals that the Basal Conglomerate is ~ 2-3 m thick forming basal part of the Vindhyan Supergroup in the Sonbhadra district, central India. The Basal Conglomerate consists of fragments of different rock types supported by the sandy matrix. It contains pebble-sized clasts of quartzite, jasper, phyllite and slate dominated by the quartzite clasts.The matrix is composed of sandy material that is rich in quartz, chert and iron oxides. The occurrence of quartzite clasts suggests its derivation from the Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC) and the phyllite, slate and jasper suggest their derivation from the Mahakoshal Group. The presence of polycrystalline and monocrystalline quartz suggests their derivation from Chhotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex and the presence of chert suggests its derivation from the Mahakoshal Group. The iron oxides were produced as a result of leaching of iron during chemical weathering. The X-ray diffractometry of the matrix suggest ubiquitous presence of quarz, muscovite and kaolinite. The kaolinite has formed due to alteration of feldspars under warm and humid conditions. This is also supported by the presence of ferruginous matter in the matrix.
Dynamics of Meander Geometry and Formation of Neck Cutoff of River Raidak-I within Himalayan Foreland Basin, India
Authors: Ghosh Supriya , Mandal Prasanta , Bera Biswajit 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Tectonic activities and catastrophic flood events significantly assist to the process of channel avulsion and formation of river cutoffs on alluvial floodplain. The principal objectives of this research are (i) to examine the mechanism and causes of neck cutoff formation of river Raidak-1, India applying geospatial techniques, old maps and bank facies (1955-2019) and (ii) to investigate the dynamics of meander channel geometry using fluvio-hydrological techniques. Geospatial techniques and field based bank facies analysis have been used in this study. The result showed that the river channel has been significantly shifted (during the time span 1955-2019) owing to lateral channel migration resulting into formation of several neck cutoffs on the floodplain. Meander geometry study revealed that radius of curvature, meander wavelength, meander amplitude and meander belt width have been fluctuated during the entire study periods. The threshold value (less than 5°) of apex angle of two tangents at meander loop and neck distance (less than 1 km) helps to form regular neck cutoffs. The results show that high sinuosity, threshold value of meander loops; major flood events, high discharge and non-cohesive bank materials are responsible for the development of neck cutoffs. Moreover, probable sites of future cutoff formation have also been identified. Therefore, this study would give proper insights for river management approach particularly on dynamic Himalayan foreland basin, India.
Facies Variations of Felsic Volcanic Rocks around Mundiyawas-Khera Copper Deposit, Alwar Basin, North Delhi Fold Belt, Western India
Authors: Sahoo Janmejaya , Sahoo Prabodha Ranjan , Khan Israil , Venkatesh Akella Satya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Felsic volcanic rocks of rhyolite to dacite composition, hosting copper mineralization, are exposed near Mundiyawas-Khera area within the Alwar basin of Proterozoic North Delhi Fold Belt. Distinct variations in grain size, mineralogical composition, texture, sulfide mineral associations, structure, and outcrop patterns of the felsic volcanic rocks are observed in the field. In this study, litho-facies analysis of felsic volcanic rocks around Mundiyawas-Khera copper deposit has been attempted for the first time to understand their spatial distributions and bearing on copper mineralization. Signatures of five distinct facies variations in felsic volcanic rocks are recorded based on the field and laboratory studies. These facies variations recorded in the study area are (a) vitrophyric felsic volcanics; (b) fine grained felsitic fiamme bearing tuff; (c) fiamme-bearing welded ash flow tuff; (d) poorly welded ash flow tuff; and (e) volcanic ash. Presence of glass shards in the study area indicates phreato-magmatic eruptions in an aqueous to sub-aqueous environment. Occurrences of massive sulfide associated with the felsic volcanic unit can also correlate with well-known volcanic hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposit and is taken as an additional evidence of felsic volcanic rock occurrences at a submarine environment.
Late Holocene Sedimentary Record from Chhari Dhandh, Kachchh, Western India
Authors: Singh Abhishek Kumar , Tandon Aashna , Bhatt N. Y. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Chhari Dhandh (lake), located at the periphery of Banni plains, is a lacustrine archive in the hyper arid regime of Kachchh in western India. In the present study, the geochemical proxy approach has been made to reconstruct the signals from the past climate conditions on the core retrieved from the Chhari lake, which is supported by the radiocarbon and optical dating methods. The research identifies five significant climatic events of alternate humid (warm) and dry (cold) climatic conditions spanning the last ~2400 cal yr BP. The signatures of the Roman Warm Period, Cold Dark Ages and Medieval Warm Period suggest the strong archiving potential of this landscape for past climatic signatures. The top part of the sedimentary record also reports climatic conditions resembling the global event of Little Ice Age, but this information is speculative due to a lack of chronological support. The study again highlights the Kachchh landscape as a robust and unique natural laboratory to assess climate and tectonic processes.
Development and structure of the anterior nervous system and sense organs in the holopelagic annelid Tomopteris spp. (Phyllodocida, Errantia)
Authors: Purschke Günter , Helm Conrad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTomopteridae are transparent, predatory Annelida inhabiting pelagic ocean zones. Despite being well-known for their fast metachronal swimming and species-specific bioluminescence, our knowledge of morphological adaptations in these fascinating holopelagic worms remains extremely limited. In particular, the evolutionary scenarios and adaptive changes related to the transition from putative benthic ancestors to recent free-swimming groups remain poorly investigated and understood. Therefore, we investigated different taxa and developmental stages within the holopelagic Tomopteridae. We used a comparative morphological approach, including a range of microscopic methods, in our investigations focused on the anterior nervous system and prominent sensory structures, such as nuchal organs and tentacular cirri, in early developmental and adult stages of four tomopterid species. Our data show that Tomopteridae undergo heterochronic, lecithotrophic development with early visibility of adult-like features, which is consistent with earlier investigations. Furthermore, our ultrastructural examinations of the tomopterid nuchal organ highlight the conservativism in the fine structure and development of this prominent polychaete chemosensory organ. Nevertheless, our data indicate ultrastructural differences, such as an extraordinary number of supporting cell types and a bipartite olfactory chamber, potentially related to their pelagic lifestyle. In contrast to previous assumptions, it is shown that the supporting structures in the cirrus-like appendages of the first chaetiger contain prominent intracellular skeletal elements rather than annelid chaetae. These findings highlight the need for further investigations to understand Annelida’s immense morphological diversity of organ systems. Furthermore, our data demonstrate the necessity of functional analyses to understand Annelida’s adaptive radiation of sensory and neuronal structures.
Residents’ Preferences for Rural Housing Disaster Insurance Attributes in Central and Western Tibet
Authors: Yang Tingting , Li Zitong , Bai Yuan , Liu Xinli , Ye Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the heterogeneous preferences of individuals for disaster insurance attributes is critical for product improvement and policy design. In an era of global environmental change, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a hotspot of natural hazards. Improving the capability of rural housing disaster insurance to foster local residents’ disaster resilience is of great significance but remains under addressed. We used a discrete choice experiment approach to provide the first estimates of rural residents’ preferences for rural housing disaster insurance attributes in central and western Tibet. We estimated residents’ preferences and willingness-to-pay for the sum insured, subsidy rate, insured object, and perils covered. The potential impacts of increasing the sum insured, expanding the insured object, and lowering subsidy rates were evaluated. Our results suggest that residents prefer products with a high sum insured, high subsidy rate, and a complete list of insured objects. Residents who have experienced specific hazards tend to prefer the corresponding perils covered. Females and residents who have a closer social network are more likely to purchase insurance. Product improvement and policy simulation results suggest that, while lowering the subsidy rate, increasing the sum insured and expanding the insured object could promote participation and improve residents’ welfare. Our results could improve the understanding of the preferences of households in remote regions and support policy implementations.
Analysis of the Rotational Motion of a Solid Body in the Presence of External Moments
Authors: Farag A. M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In this work, the vibrating motion of a dynamically symmetric solid body with an elastic string, around a fixed point, as a new model, is investigated.

Hypotheses
The body spins as a result of external moments along the body’s principal axes, such as perturbing, restoring, and gyrostatic moments. It has been supposed that this body has a rapid angular velocity at the beginning of motion in the direction of its symmetry dynamic axis.

Methods
The averaging approach is employed to transform the governing system of motion into another appropriate averaging one to gain the asymptotic solutions of this system.

Conclusion
These solutions are graphed and discussed in different plots depending on the numerical values of the body’s physical properties. The positive effects of the gyrostatic moment vector on the motion are examined in some cases. Furthermore, the obtained results generalize the previously related studies.

Applications
The importance of the investigated dynamical system is due to its applications in a variety of domains, including physics and engineering.
Design, fabrication, and testing of an undergraduate hall effect thruster
Authors: Oh Braden , Countryman Albert , Regassa Mahderekal , Clowes Avery , Miner Grant , Kemp Simon , McAneney S. C. “Mack” , Klein Marissa , Lee Christopher 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA multi-institutional team of undergraduate students conducted an independent study in which they designed, fabricated, and tested a small Hall effect thruster. The study was motivated by student desire to engage in a hands-on, multidisciplinary project in the field of space propulsion. This paper represents the outcome of this educational experiment. It describes the educational framework followed; the fundamental physics behind Hall thruster operation (at an early undergraduate level); the design process followed to develop and construct the thruster including a novel additively-manufactured propellant diffuser; and testing results. The thruster did not successfully ignite during testing. The cathode/plasma source was identified as the likely point of failure; rather than design flaws in the thruster itself, thereby introducing next steps for a future study following a similar framework. The educational program presented serves as a case study for a small-team undergraduate space propulsion project with limited resources and prior knowledge as well as a technical reference and knowledge base for future teams attempting a project of similar scope.
Win–win interactions: Results and implications of a user needs assessment of clinical and translational scientists
Authors: Casey Shannon , Siebert-Evenstone Amanda , Brasier Allan R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduction:This study describes a needs assessment of clinical and translational research (CTR) scientists at a large, distributed, School of Medicine within a public university and affiliated clinics.Method:We performed an Exploratory Conversion Mixed-Methods analysis using a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews with CTR scientists across the training continuum, from early-career scholars, mid-career mentors, and senior administrators at the University of Wisconsin and Marshfield Clinics. Qualitative findings were confirmed using epistemic network analysis (ENA). A survey was distributed to CTR scientists in training.Results:Analyses supported that early-career and senior-career scientists have unique needs. Scientists who identified as non-White or female reported needs that differed from White male scientists. Scientists expressed the needs for educational training in CTR, for institutional support of career development, and trainings for building stronger relationships with community stakeholders. The tension between meeting tenure clocks and building deep community connections was particularly meaningful for scholars who identified as under-represented, including based on race, gender, and discipline.Conclusions:This study yielded clear differences in support needs between scientists based upon their years in research and diversity of identities. The validation of qualitative findings, through quantification with ENA, enables robust identification of unique needs of CTR investigators. It is critically important to the future of CTR that scientists are provided with supports throughout the career. Delivery of that support in efficient and timely ways improves scientific outcomes. Advocacy at the level of the institution for under-represented scientists is of utmost importance.
New marine warm-temperate molluscan assemblage demonstrates warm conditions during the Middle Pleistocene of the North Sea Basin
Authors: Wesselingh Frank P. , Meijer Tom , Harting Ronald , Bakker Marcel , Busschers Freek S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We report a marine Middle Pleistocene mollusc fauna from a borehole near Luxwoude (Friesland, northern Netherlands). The fauna contains several species, including Bittium species, Acanthocardia paucicostata and Polititapes senescens, that hitherto have been used as indicative for warm (lusitanian) conditions in the southern North Sea Basin during the Late Pleistocene Eemian (MIS5e) interglacial. However, the stratigraphic context of the Luxwoude marine fauna indicates a MIS11 or older age for this new fauna. This thermophilous fauna demonstrates very warm-temperate conditions and probably an open marine connection through the Dover Strait towards the south, during this Middle Pleistocene interglacial. In the North Sea basin, this distinctive lusitanian fauna with Bittium-dominated assemblages can therefore no longer be presumed to be of Eemian age without additional evidence.