bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the interstellar magnetic field and 11-year cycle of solar activity on the heliopause nose location
Authors: Bladek Piotr , Ratkiewicz Romana 
Published: September 2023

Context. The heliosphere is formed by the interaction between the solar wind (SW) plasma emanating from the Sun and a magnetised component of local interstellar medium (LISM) inflowing on the Sun. A separation surface called the heliopause (HP) forms between the SW and the LISM.
Aims. In this article, we define the nose of the HP and investigate the variations in its location. These result from a dependence on the intensity and direction of the interstellar magnetic field (ISMF), which is still not well known but has a significant impact on the movement of the HP nose, as we try to demonstrate in this paper.
Methods. We used a parametric study method based on numerical simulations of various forms of the heliosphere using a time-dependent three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (3D MHD) model of the heliosphere.
Results. The results confirm that the nose of the HP is always in a direction that is perpendicular to the maximum ISMF intensity directly behind the HP. The displacement of the HP nose depends on the direction and intensity of the ISMF, with the structure of the heliosphere and the shape of the HP depending on the 11-year cycle of solar activity.
Conclusions. In the context of the planned space mission to send the Interstellar Probe (IP) to a distance of 1000 AU from the Sun, our study may shed light on the question as to which direction the IP should be sent. Further research is needed that introduces elements such as current sheet, reconnection, cosmic rays, instability, or turbulence into the models.
The Cervico-Humeral Fasciocutaneous Flap
Authors: Sinha J. K. , Singh V. S. , Bhattacharya V. , Tripathi F. M. 
Published: September 2023

SummaryCervico-humeral fasciocutaneous flap was raised successfully in five patients for the treatment of post-burn contracture of the neck as a single stage procedure. Post-operative splintage was not required. There was no flap loss. Dog-ear correction and Z-plasty were performed as touch-up procedures.
Low temperature and rapid synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalysts via atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Fan Lei , Zhang Bo , He Tianxi , Sun Yuhao , Han Wenhu , Wei Yuantao , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Xiao Chunhui , Ding Shujiang , Zhang Guan-Jun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon materials have attracted significant attention as promising non-metal electrochemical catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. The commonly used chemical synthesis methods which usually necessitate prolonged elevated-temperature sintering are unsuitable for thermally sensitive catalysts. Generally, these methods require a long duration of gas infiltration and the involvement of toxic chemical reagents. These factors make it difficult to maintain sample consistency during the preparation process. In this paper, a low-temperature synthesis approach is introduced to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalysts using Ar surface dielectric barrier discharge to treat a mixed precursor of Ketjen Black and ammonium carbonate at atmospheric pressure. The obtained catalysts exhibit moderate defects and successful nitrogen doping. Compared with catalysts prepared using traditional chemical methods, they show superior electrochemical performance. The limiting current density has exhibited performance superior to commercial Pt/C catalysts, as well as higher stability and methanol tolerance. Furthermore, the mechanism of nitrogen doping achieved through plasma treat chemical bonds is explained. This work proposes a feasible strategy for synthesizing nitrogen-doped carbon materials and tuning catalyst performance, and provides deep insights into the plasma regulation of catalysts.
Probabilistic computing with voltage-controlled dynamics in magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Shao Yixin , Duffee Christian , Raimondo Eleonora , Davila Noraica , Lopez-Dominguez Victor , Katine Jordan A , Finocchio Giovanni , Khalili Amiri Pedram 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Probabilistic (p-) computing is a physics-based approach to addressing computational problems which are difficult to solve by conventional von Neumann computers. A key requirement for p-computing is the realization of fast, compact, and energy-efficient probabilistic bits. Stochastic magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with low energy barriers, where the relative dwell time in each state is controlled by current, have been proposed as a candidate to implement p-bits. This approach presents challenges due to the need for precise control of a small energy barrier across large numbers of MTJs, and due to the need for an analog control signal. Here we demonstrate an alternative p-bit design based on perpendicular MTJs that uses the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect to create the random state of a p-bit on demand. The MTJs are stable (i.e. have large energy barriers) in the absence of voltage, and VCMA-induced dynamics are used to generate random numbers in less than 10 ns/bit. We then show a compact method of implementing p-bits by using VC-MTJs without a bias current. As a demonstration of the feasibility of the proposed p-bits and high quality of the generated random numbers, we solve up to 40 bit integer factorization problems using experimental bit-streams generated by VC-MTJs. Our proposal can impact the development of p-computers, both by supporting a fully spintronic implementation of a p-bit, and alternatively, by enabling true random number generation at low cost for ultralow-power and compact p-computers implemented in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor chips.
Solar light induced photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes using solvothermally synthesized SnO2 impregnated pumice stone
Authors: Rajput Rekha B , Salunkhe Abhaysinh , Kale Rohidas B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, a facile solvothermal route was utilized to immobilize SnO2 on the surface of pumice stone and used as a photocatalyst to remove methyl orange (MO) and crystal violet (CV). Based on the SEM findings, the SnO2 particles were successfully immobilized on the surface of the pumice without aggregation. Also, the immobilization of SnO2 was identified using XRD, EDS, XRF and FTIR analysis. The UV–vis spectroscopy measurement revealed the energy bandgap of pristine pumice and SnO2/pumice composite was found to be 2.71 and 2.55 eV, respectively. The BET surface area of SnO2/pumice is about 29.08 m2 g−1, with pore volume and pore radius of up to 0.045 cm3 g−1 and 30.97 Ả, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of SnO2/pumice under sunlight irradiation shows the degradation of MO and CV by about 85 and 70% within 40 and 60 min, respectively. Moreover, the radical scavengers test discovered that h+ and OH ̇ radicals play a crucial role, whereas
·
O2
− radicals also exhibited a minor role in the degradation process. In addition, the XRD, FTIR, EDX and XRF analysis of the fresh and used SnO2/pumice sample was carried out to detect a minimal change in sample peaks even after the photocatalytic experiment. As a future aspect, after SnO2/pumice reusability, it can be again reused as a bare substrate in the same synthesis process.
Development of 3D printed nanomaterials for restoration of exterior artworks
Authors: Mansi E. , Terranova G. , Linardi D. , Marfia S. , Monaldo E. , Ricci M. , Imbimbo M. , Pelliccio A. , Brunetin A. , D’Amato R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Despite the great potential of 3D printing technologies coupled with nanotechnologies, just few studies are present in the scientific literature. Application of nanocomposites materials for 3D printing in the field of cultural heritage restoration, is a promising approach to obtain novel and functionalized materials for the artworks element to be recreated. In this context, the present work aims to study innovative nanocomposites materials suitable for the considered application. A commercial PLA filament was additivated with SiC, SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles, synthetized by CO2 laser pyrolysis. Nanocomposite filaments were produced by a co-rotating twin-screw extruder and specimens were produced by 3D printing and analysed against their mechanical and hydrophobic properties by means of tensile tests and water absorption and contact angle measurements, respectively.
Functionalized gold nanorods as drug carriers: a promising antiviral system
Authors: Olivieri Elena , Amatori Simone , Marsotto Martina , Iucci Giovanna , Battocchio Chiara , Pellei Maura , Santini Carlo , Cara Andrea , Michelini Zuleika , Colone Marisa , Calcabrini Annarica , Paladini Alessandra , Toschi Francesco , Venditti Iole , Stringaro Annarita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Functionalized gold nanorods (AuNRs) are innovative tools useful in theranostics, combining diagnostics and therapy and allowing optimal and personal treatment of patients. Moreover, AuNRs are studied for use in photothermal therapy and imaging thanks to the peculiar phenomenon of Localised Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), which allows them to be identified through spectroscopic techniques in the energy range in which biological tissues are not active. Their functionalization can involve a variety of molecules, including specific drugs or peptides, allowing a controlled transport and release of desired drugs. In this framework, AuNRs were synthesised and characterised through spectroscopic (UV–Vis-NIR, XPS) and microscopic techniques (TEM, FE-SEM). Furthermore, their cytotoxic activity was evaluated on Vero E6 cell line by MTT assay. The data obtained confirm the AuNRs are promising carriers for antiviral drugs, opening new possibilities of application for biomedical field.
A SP-ICP-MS protocol for the detection of metal nanoparticles composition and size in tattooed ex vivo human skin explants
Authors: Bocca B , Caimi S , Failla CM , Dellambra E , Lulli D , Carbone ML , Scatozza F , De Angelis I , Battistini B 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We developed and validated a protocol based on Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SP ICP-MS) to detect composition and size of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in tattoo inks end ex vivo tattooed human skin explants. The explants were tattooed with different inks using an ordinary tattoo machine. Then, 72 hours after tattooing, skin explants were subjected to alkaline extraction by tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution and MNPs of Ag, Al2O3, Au, Cr2O3, CuO, Fe2O3, TiO2 and ZnO were analysed for particle composition and size by SP ICP-MS. The method was validated by assessing the limit of detection, accuracy, precision, and size stability over 72 hours. Particles of Al2O3, Cr2O3, CuO, Fe2O3, TiO2 and ZnO were observed in human skin in the range from 27 nm to 153 nm, and from 26 nm to 228 nm in tattoo inks. Ag and Au NPs were not found neither in inks nor in the skin. Advantages of the protocol were the ability to simultaneously detect the composition of particles and their size, the straightforward sample preparation, the high sensitivity and precision, and the speed of execution of the analysis. The developed methodology can be applied to skin exposed to other consumer products topically applied, such as sunscreens, cosmetics, personal care products and medical devices, which can be all sources of MNPs, in order to improve knowledge and support the human exposure assessment process.
Study on tool wear morphology and mechanism of coated tool on turning austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Zhu Zhenguo , Yang Haidong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The dry cutting test of austenitic stainless steel 06Cr19Ni10 workpiece material was carried out with YBG205 coated tool. By scanning electron scanning microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS), the wear morphology and wear mechanism of the tool were analysed. The results showed that when cutting the stainless steel 06Cr19Ni10 with YBG205 coated tool, the main wear morphologies of the tool were flank wear, boundary wear, and tip damage. The wear mechanism were mainly adhesive wear and diffusion wear.
Neural network structure optimization for Hefei Light Source II β function correction
Authors: Yu Y.B. , Ni W.B. , Xuan K. , Li W.M. , Xu W. , Li C. , Liu G.F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, we address the design challenges related to hyperparameters, such as the number of layers and nodes in deep neural networks, by introducing an Improved Genetic Algorithm-based method for optimizing neural network structures (IGA-DNN). We apply this method to the practical problem of β function correction in particle accelerators and develop a storage ring β function correction scheme based on IGA-DNN. We compare our approach with traditional genetic algorithm-optimized neural networks to evaluate its performance.
Our results reveal that the neural network optimized by the improved genetic algorithm reduces the number of layers by three and decreases training time by a factor of three, leading to a more efficient model. Moreover, the accuracy of β function simulation correction is enhanced using the IGA-DNN method. This approach can also be extended to optimize other optical parameters and tackle multi-parameter optimization problems, showcasing its versatility and potential for broader applications across various fields.
Design and thermal analysis of the BPM-bellows assembly front-end photon block for Hefei Advanced Light Facility
Authors: Bian Baoyuan , Wang Sihui , Hong Yuanzhi , Fan Le , Ge Xiaoqin , Fang Jianwei , Zhang Wenli , Ma Wenjing , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The BPM-bellows front-end photon block with ellipse
cross-sections has been designed for Hefei Advanced Light Facility
(HALF). Such structure has lower longitudinal coupling impedances
than the photon block with commonly-used circle cross-sections. In
addition, two types of cooling structures have been designed, which
are shared water-cooling pipe (cooling structure 1, CS1) and
independent water-cooling tank (cooling structure 1, CS2),
respectively. The CS1 is simple and space-saving, while the CS2 has
better heat dissipation capability. In order to calculate power
density on complex light-receiving surfaces, the Monte Carlo
simulation tool, Synrad, was applied. By building finite element
models and importing power density data from Syrand, the temperature
and thermal stress distributions of photon blocks with two different
cooling structures were calculated. The thermal analysis indicates
that the maximum temperature (37.73°C) is located at CS1, but
the maximum stress (16.28 MPa) is on CS2 due to the difference in
structure and heat dissipation capability. Moreover, the maximum
temperature and thermal stress values are far below the material
criteria of CuCrZr. Therefore, the simple and space-saving CS1 is
more suitable for HALF, which can reduce manufacturing costs and
better satisfy the compact layout in the storage ring.
Wind-modulated groundwater discharge along a microtidal Arctic coastline
Authors: Guimond Julia A , Demir Cansu , Kurylyk Barret L , Walvoord Michelle A , McClelland James W , Cardenas M Bayani 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Groundwater discharge transports dissolved constituents to the ocean, affecting coastal carbon budgets and water quality. However, the magnitude and mechanisms of groundwater exchange along rapidly transitioning Arctic coastlines are largely unknown due to limited observations. Here, using first-of-its-kind coastal Arctic groundwater timeseries data, we evaluate the magnitude and drivers of groundwater discharge to Alaska’s Beaufort Sea coast. Darcy flux calculations reveal temporally variable groundwater fluxes, ranging from −6.5 cm d−1 (recharge) to 14.1 cm d−1 (discharge), with fluctuations in groundwater discharge or aquifer recharge over diurnal and multiday timescales during the open-water season. The average flux during the monitoring period of 4.9 cm d−1 is in line with previous estimates, but the maximum discharge exceeds previous estimates by over an order-of-magnitude. While the diurnal fluctuations are small due to the microtidal conditions, multiday variability is large and drives sustained periods of aquifer recharge and groundwater discharge. Results show that wind-driven lagoon water level changes are the dominant mechanism of fluctuations in land–sea hydraulic head gradients and, in turn, groundwater discharge. Given the microtidal conditions, low topographic relief, and limited rainfall along the Beaufort Sea coast, we identify wind as an important forcing mechanism of coastal groundwater discharge and aquifer recharge with implications for nearshore biogeochemistry. This study provides insights into groundwater flux dynamics along this coastline over time and highlights an oft overlooked discharge and circulation mechanism with implications towards refining solute export estimates to coastal Arctic waters.
Experimental and numerical study on unsteady entrainment behaviour of ventilated air mass in underwater vehicles
Authors: Qu Zhaoyu , Yang Nana , Yao Xiongliang , Wu Wenhua , Ma Guihui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The hydrodynamic characteristics of underwater vehicles are significantly affected by the ventilated cavity covered by the vehicle surface. In this paper, the unsteady flow characteristics of this ventilated cavity are studied using experimental and numerical methods, and the unsteady entrainment behaviour of the ventilated air mass is emphasised. The flow pattern of the ventilated air mass is recorded using a high-speed camera. The large eddy simulation turbulence model is employed for the numerical simulations, and a good agreement is observed between the experimental and numerical results. In the early stage of the formation of the ventilated air mass, the internal structure exhibits a symmetric kidney vortex system, while the ventilated cavity below the vent hole has a continuous hairpin vortex structure. The ventilated air mass experiences a growth stage, an entrainment stage, and a shedding stage. The entrainment behaviour enables the ventilated air mass to quickly fill the ventilated cavity and modifies the surface pressure distribution of the vehicle. As the cavitation number decreases, the radial size of the ventilated cavity increases, and the contact area between the cavity and the water body increases, thus enhancing the vertical drag coefficient of the vehicle.
Mechanical properties of polyamide 12 manufactured by means of SLS: Influence of wall thickness and build direction
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandro Garcia , Mora Edgar Espejo , Velasco Marco Antonio , Tovar Carlos Alberto Narváez 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The wall thickness and build direction of PA 12 parts manufactured via SLS are currently being investigated for applications requiring low weight and good mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, elastic modulus, and hardness). Current design guidelines for the SLS process include recommendations about the influence of build direction on the mechanical properties of the part; however, the recommended minimum wall thickness only considers the process's manufacturability, so this study aims to determine the wall thickness and build orientation conditions that present the slightest difference in mechanical properties, considering different conditions as vertical, horizontal, and transverse build directions and wall thicknesses of 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 mm. Statistical differences were found between build direction, ultimate tensile stress, and elongation at break and hardness. It was observed that the significant differences in the direction of impression were between the vertical direction versus the transverse and horizontal directions. The differences were between the values of 2.0 mm versus 2.5 and 3.0 mm for the wall thickness. The mechanical properties between these last two thicknesses do not present significant differences, so it is suggested that parts manufactured with PA 12 by SLS with thicknesses of 2.5 mm could have the same tensile mechanical properties as those of 3.0 mm. The horizontal and transverse directions with a 2.5–3.0 mm thickness showed the highest mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile stress of ≈ 43 MPa, a modulus of elasticity of 2.2 GPa, and an elongation at break of 16%–18% and a hardness of ≈ 75 Shore D.
Editorial: ‘Bioinspired Adaptive Intelligent Robots’
Authors: Donati E , Laschi C , Mazzolai B , Bartolozzi C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The NCE Focus Issue on Bioinspired Adaptive Intelligent Robots aims at collecting evidence of the different forms of biomimicry in robotics, from soft robotics and embodiment to neuromorphic sensing, computation and control, as enabling approaches to intelligent and adaptive robots.
Defining the single base importance of human mRNAs and lncRNAs
Authors: Fan Rui , Ji Xiangwen , Li Jianwei , Cui Qinghua , Cui Chunmei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As the fundamental unit of a gene and its transcripts, nucleotides have enormous impacts on the gene function and evolution, and thus on phenotypes and diseases. In order to identify the key nucleotides of one specific gene, it is quite crucial to quantitatively measure the importance of each base on the gene. However, there are still no sequence-based methods of doing that. Here, we proposed Base Importance Calculator (BIC), an algorithm to calculate the importance score of each single base based on sequence information of human mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). We then confirmed its power by applying BIC to three different tasks. Firstly, we revealed that BIC can effectively evaluate the pathogenicity of both genes and single bases through single nucleotide variations. Moreover, the BIC score in The Cancer Genome Atlas somatic mutations is able to predict the prognosis of some cancers. Finally, we show that BIC can also precisely predict the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2. The above results indicate that BIC is a useful tool for evaluating the single base importance of human mRNAs and lncRNAs.
Multimodal learning of noncoding variant effects using genome sequence and chromatin structure
Authors: Tan Wuwei , Shen Yang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Motivation
A growing amount of noncoding genetic variants, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms, are found to be associated with complex human traits and diseases. Their mechanistic interpretation is relatively limited and can use the help from computational prediction of their effects on epigenetic profiles. However, current models often focus on local, 1D genome sequence determinants and disregard global, 3D chromatin structure that critically affects epigenetic events.

Results
We find that noncoding variants of unexpected high similarity in epigenetic profiles, with regards to their relatively low similarity in local sequences, can be largely attributed to their proximity in chromatin structure. Accordingly, we have developed a multimodal deep learning scheme that incorporates both data of 1D genome sequence and 3D chromatin structure for predicting noncoding variant effects. Specifically, we have integrated convolutional and recurrent neural networks for sequence embedding and graph neural networks for structure embedding despite the resolution gap between the two types of data, while utilizing recent DNA language models. Numerical results show that our models outperform competing sequence-only models in predicting epigenetic profiles and their use of long-range interactions complement sequence-only models in extracting regulatory motifs. They prove to be excellent predictors for noncoding variant effects in gene expression and pathogenicity, whether in unsupervised “zero-shot” learning or supervised “few-shot” learning.

Availability and implementation
Codes and data can be accessed at https://github.com/Shen-Lab/ncVarPred-1D3D and https://zenodo.org/record/7975777.