bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removable complete denture with a metal base: Integration of digital design and conventional fabrication techniques
Authors: Park Koungjin , Kang Nam‐Gil , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Srinivasan Murali 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveDigitally‐designed removable complete dentures are typically composed of a resin denture base without a metal framework. However, metal denture bases are preferable as resin bases are more susceptible to fracture. Therefore, this article introduces a unique technique that integrates computer‐aided design (CAD) and conventional resin processing for the fabrication of removable complete dentures with a metal framework.Clinical ConsiderationsA maxillary complete denture with a metal base and a mandibular implant‐retained overdenture reinforced with a metal framework were fabricated. The dentures were designed using CAD software and a tooth library. The denture bases were milled from wax disks, and artificial teeth were placed to complete the wax dentures. The metal frameworks were also designed using CAD software and produced via casting of printed resin patterns. Finally, conventional denture processing techniques were applied to obtain dentures with metal frameworks.ConclusionsA digitally designed, removable complete denture with a metal base can be successfully fabricated using the described technique, which merges digital design and conventional methods. This article demonstrates the feasibility and potential advantages of this innovative approach in denture fabrication.Clinical SignificanceThe presented technique provides the following advantages: digital design features, precise space above implant overdenture attachments for a metal framework, convenience of esthetic evaluation with printed trial dentures, long‐term data storage and duplication, reliable bond between the artificial teeth and denture base, and enhanced strength of the removable complete denture due to the metal reinforcement.
Effects of rope skipping exercise on physical, cardiovascular fitness and exercise tolerance in adolescent students with moderate intellectual disability
Authors: Lin Y.‐Y. , Su C.‐T. , Liao Y.‐H. , Liu Y.‐C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) who live a sedentary lifestyle may lead to an increased risk of chronic cardiovascular disease in adulthood. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 8‐week progressive rope skipping training on physical, cardiovascular fitness and exercise tolerance of high school students with moderate ID.MethodsThirty‐four senior high school with ID (aged 15–18 years old) were randomised into experimental group received progressive skipping rope exercise (RS, n = 17) and control group no rope skipping exercise intervention group (CON, n = 17). The RS group were received progressive rope skipping exercise for 50 min each time, three times a week, for 8 weeks. The control group was not allowed to participate in intervention activities during the study period. The physical fitness, body composition, arterial stiffness index (ASI) and blood pressure were measured before and after the 8‐week intervention.ResultsAfter the 8‐week progressive skipping rope exercise intervention, the participants from the RS group increased in the 3‐min step test, sit‐up test, grip strength and sit and reach test, when compared to the baseline (P < 0.05). The RS group exhibited lower the area under curve of heart rate (HR) during post‐exercise recovery (P < 0.05). The participants in the RS group showed significant decreases in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR when compared to the baseline (P < 0.05). Change SBP has moderate positive correlation with change ASI.ConclusionsThe results of this experiment suggest that progressive rope skipping exercise might improve physical fitness and promote cardiovascular health, as well as enhance exercise tolerance for adolescent students with moderate ID.
Sustained improvement of intrinsic capacity in community‐dwelling older adults: The +AGIL Barcelona multidomain program
Authors: Ferrara Maria Cristina , Pérez Laura Mónica , Sole Aida Ribera , Villa‐García Lorena , Ars Joan , Soto‐Bagaria Luis , Bellelli Giuseppe , Cesari Matteo , Enfedaque María Belén , Inzitari Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundDifferent programs promote healthy ageing through the optimization of intrinsic capacity. However, a major challenge is to assess their sustained effects over time. +AGIL Barcelona, a consolidated multidomain program, aims to optimize older adults’ intrinsic capacity through a coordinated approach among primary care, geriatrics and community resources, in agreement with the integrated care for older people (ICOPE) guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the +AGIL Barcelona longitudinal effect on older adults’ physical performance.MethodsAll +AGIL Barcelona consecutive participants since 2016 were enrolled. After a comprehensive geriatric assessment, a tailored, multidisciplinary intervention aligned with the ICOPE guidelines is offered. It includes a 10‐week boost multicomponent exercise program, nutritional and sleep‐hygiene counselling, revision and optimization of pharmacological treatments and screening for cognitive impairment, depression and loneliness. Changes in physical performance after 3 and 6 months were assessed using mixed models including baseline frailty degree, time and all potential significant confounders.ResultsWe included 194 participants in the analysis (mean age = 81.6 [standard deviation = 5.8], 68% women). An independent, clinically and statistically significant improvement in physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB] test, combining gait speed, strength and balance) was found at 3 months (SPPB mean change: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.6) and 6 months (SPPB mean change: 1.1; 95% CI 0.8–1.5). Equivalent results were observed for all the SPPB sub‐tests.ConclusionsA coordinated, multidisciplinary and integrated program can benefit older adults’ intrinsic capacity. The participants’ empowerment and the connection with the available community resources are critical points for a successful intervention.
Stability and change in predictors of marital dissolution in the US 1950–2017
Authors: Rosenfeld Michael J. , Roesler Katharina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveOur goal is to measure change over time in the predictors of marital dissolution in the United States.BackgroundThe last comprehensive comparative analysis of predictors of marital dissolution is more than 20 years out of date. Rising inequality in the United States requires a fresh look at the predictors of marital dissolution. The Diverging Destinies hypothesis predicts greater inequality over time in the divorce rate between groups, whereas the Converging Destinies hypothesis predicts convergence in divorce rates.MethodWe use a variety of event history models to examine the change over time in race, ethnicity, intermarriage, premarital cohabitation, education, teen marriages, and family of origin intactness as predictors of marital dissolution using data on first marriages from the National Survey of Family Growth covering seven decades of marital histories. We examine racial differences in the nonracial predictors of divorce.ResultsIn the post‐Civil Rights era, Black women's and White women's marital dissolution rates converged. In the most recent marriage cohorts, marital dissolution rates for Black women have increased relative to White women and teen marriage is increasingly associated with divorce. Women without the BA degree appear to be increasingly at risk for divorce. We find that wives from racial minority groups have divorce rates that are less impacted by premarital cohabitation, low education, and teen marriage.ConclusionThe demographic profile of women at marriage has changed dramatically, while the predictors of divorce have changed modestly. Where there are changes in the predictors of divorce, we find more support for Diverging Destinies.
Factors influencing the selection of oral healthcare providers in multidisciplinary Nutrition Support Team for malnourished inpatients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Furuya Junichi , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Hidaka Rena , Nakane Ayako , Yoshimi Kanako , Shimizu Yukue , Saito Keiko , Itsui Yasuhiro , Tohara Haruka , Minakuchi Shunsuke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral health management involving dental professionals in a multidisciplinary Nutritional Support Team (NST) is effective collaborative care. However, the indicators for the triage of oral health management requirements and selection of oral healthcare providers remain unclear.ObjectiveThis cross‐sectional study included inpatients with malnutrition and aimed to investigate the factors associated with determining the need for oral health management involving dental professionals and selecting primary oral healthcare providers when needed.MethodsParticipants included 255 inpatients (154 males and 101 females, mean age 69.7 ± 14.4 years) aged ≥20 years who underwent oral assessment by the NST between April 2016 and July 2019. Participants were assigned to the following groups: good oral health group, oral health management by nurses under the supervision of dental professionals group, and oral health management by dental professionals group. The comprehensive oral health status was investigated using the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). The total OHAT score ranges from 0 to 16, with a higher score indicating a poorer oral environment.ResultsThe total OHAT score had a significant correlation with the need for oral health management by dental professionals. Inpatients with denture problems required oral health management from dental professionals. The optimal cutoff value of the total OHAT score for determining the need for oral health management was four.ConclusionThe need for oral health management by dental professionals increased with worsening oral health status, especially denture problems. The OHAT score could be used to triage inpatients who require oral health management collaborated with dental professionals.
Conceptualizing “positive attributes” across psychological perspectives
Authors: Wilson Danielle , Ng Vincent , Alonso Nicole , Jeffrey Anne , Tay Louis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe growth of positive psychology has birthed debate on the nature of what “positive” really means. Conceptualizations of positive attributes vary across psychological perspectives, and it appears these definitional differences stem from standards for “positive” espoused by three normative ethical frameworks: consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics. When definitions of “positive” do not align with one of these ethical schools, it appears researchers rely on preference to distinguish positive attributes. In either case, issues arise when researchers do not make their theoretical alignment explicit, leading to value‐laden, often subjective criteria being smuggled into science as a description of what is positive.ObjectiveTo foster a deeper critical understanding of the different approaches, we examine how these conceptual definitions of positive attributes (mis)align with their ethical traditions or fail to align with an ethical school.MethodWe review several positive attribute theories across psychological disciplines that serve as examples of the ethical and non‐ethical sources of “positivity.” Through this, we assess the conceptual criteria for what each approach considers “positive,” note the degree of alignment between definition and ethical school, and draw attention to potential issues.ConclusionWe advance the conceptual assessment of positive attributes by considering the implications of failing to explicitly address the theoretical foundation from which a construct is defined.
Rapid expansion of the invasive‐like red macroalga, Chondria tumulosa (Rhodophyta), on the coral reefs of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
Authors: Lopes Keolohilani H. , Miura Tomoaki , Hauk Brian , Kosaki Randall , Leonard Jason , Hunter Cynthia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA cryptogenic, invasive‐like red macroalga, Chondria tumulosa, was first observed in 2016 forming thick mats on the forereef of Manawai Atoll within Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Subsequent expeditions revealed an increased abundance of this alga. In 2021, unattached C. tumulosa was observed forming a network of dark, meandering accumulations throughout the atoll's inner lagoon. High‐resolution satellite imagery revealed that these accumulations became visible in 2015 (length: ~0.74 km; area: ~0.88 km2) and increased 56‐fold in length and 115‐fold in area by 2021 (length: 41.32 km; area: 101.34 km2). An exponential expansion rate of ~16.02 km · y−1 (length), ~44.75 km2 · y−1 (area). This study presents the comprehensive temporal and spatial expansion of C. tumulosa accumulations for Manawai Atoll since its discovery, providing ecologist and resource managers with a proxy to gauge the overall abundance trend of this invasive‐like alga.
Environmental microbes promote phenotypic plasticity in reproduction and sleep behaviour
Authors: Téfit Mélisandre A. , Budiman Tifanny , Dupriest Adrianna , Yew Joanne Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe microbiome has been hypothesized as a driving force of phenotypic variation in host organisms that is capable of extending metabolic processes, altering development and in some cases, conferring novel functions that are critical for survival. Only a few studies have directly shown a causal role for the environmental microbiome in altering host phenotypic features. To assess the extent to which environmental microbes induce variation in host life‐history traits and behaviour, we inoculated axenic Drosophila melanogaster with microbes isolated from drosophilid populations collected from two different field sites and generated two populations with distinct bacterial and fungal profiles. We show that microbes isolated from environmental sites with modest abiotic differences induce large variation in host reproduction, fatty acid levels, stress tolerance and sleep behaviour. Importantly, clearing microbes from each experimental population removed the phenotypic differences. The results support the causal role of environmental microbes as drivers of host phenotypic plasticity and potentially, rapid adaptation and evolution.
A comparison of genomic diversity and demographic history of the North Atlantic and Southwest Atlantic southern right whales
Authors: Crossman Carla A. , Fontaine Michael C. , Frasier Timothy R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRight whales (genus Eubalaena) were among the first, and most extensively pursued, targets of commercial whaling. However, understanding the impacts of this persecution requires knowledge of the demographic histories of these species prior to exploitation. We used deep whole genome sequencing (~40×) of 12 North Atlantic (E. glacialis) and 10 Southwest Atlantic southern (E. australis) right whales to quantify contemporary levels of genetic diversity and infer their demographic histories over time. Using coalescent‐ and identity‐by‐descent–based modelling to estimate ancestral effective population sizes from genomic data, we demonstrate that North Atlantic right whales have lived with smaller effective population sizes (Ne) than southern right whales in the Southwest Atlantic since their divergence and describe the decline in both populations around the time of whaling. North Atlantic right whales exhibit reduced genetic diversity and longer runs of homozygosity leading to higher inbreeding coefficients compared to the sampled population of southern right whales. This study represents the first comprehensive assessment of genome‐wide diversity of right whales in the western Atlantic and underscores the benefits of high coverage, genome‐wide datasets to help resolve long‐standing questions about how historical changes in effective population size over different time scales shape contemporary diversity estimates. This knowledge is crucial to improve our understanding of the right whales' history and inform our approaches to address contemporary conservation issues. Understanding and quantifying the cumulative impact of long‐term small Ne, low levels of diversity and recent inbreeding on North Atlantic right whale recovery will be important next steps.
The effects of distributed versus massed corrective feedback on the acquisition of Spanish differential object marking
Authors: Yilmaz Yucel , Arroyo Diana , Carver Carly , Choi Jungyoun , Dibartolomeo Megan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study compares the effects of distributed versus massed corrective feedback (CF) on Spanish differential object marking (DOM). Forty‐eight Spanish learners completed three communicative tasks with a researcher on three consecutive days, one task per day. Partial recasts were used to reformulate DOM errors. The distributed group (n = 16) received feedback in all three tasks. The massed group (n = 16) received feedback in the last task. The control group (n = 16) received no feedback. The total amount of CF provided to the two CF groups was controlled. Learners completed oral production and grammaticality judgment pre, post, and delayed posttests. Results showed that the massed group scored significantly higher than the control group across test types and times. However, the distributed group scored significantly higher than the control group only on the immediate and delayed oral production tests. We argue that the temporal contiguity, intensity, and consistency of feedback instances in the massed condition might be responsible for the relative superiority of the massed CF.
Second‐Order Topics and Prokofiev's String Quartets
Authors: DONALDSON JAMES 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIn his 1957 Mythologies, Roland Barthes proposes a second‐order semiological system, in which a familiar sign is repurposed to become a new signifier and in the process mythologises the previous sign system. This article adapts this principle to musical topics in twentieth‐century music, using the case study of the eighteenth‐century topical universe as it appears in Sergey Prokofiev's two String Quartets.I approach this from two directions, exploring in turn the mechanics of internal relationships and wider historical‐political implications. First, drawing upon William Caplin's concept of formal functions and their various possible associations with topics (Caplin 2005), I propose that topics with formal associations can express formal functions without the requirement for clarity in the primary parameters of harmony, tonality, grouping and cadence. Accordingly, they signify on a second‐order plane. The recurring Mannheim rocket in the first movement of Prokofiev's String Quartet No. 1 (1931) provides a case study. Second, I demonstrate the parallels between a second‐order system and key tenets of socialist realism. Concepts such as dostupnost′ (making the work understandable to everyone) and opora na klassiku (based on past Classical models) echo Barthes's model, as meaning is drawn from reference to Enlightenment‐associated art as a whole, rather than the individual topics. I demonstrate these principles in practice with reference to Prokofiev's Quartet No. 2 (1941). Together, these second‐order perspectives show the deeply rooted reliance on eighteenth‐century semantics in Prokofiev's music and their wider aesthetic implications.
Microbiological culture combined with PCR for the diagnosis of onychomycosis: Descriptive analysis of 121 patients
Authors: Navarro‐Pérez David , García‐Oreja Sara , Tardáguila‐García Aroa , León‐Herce Diego , Álvaro‐Afonso Francisco Javier , Lázaro‐Martínez José Luis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis is the most common nail pathology, involving various pathogens such as dermatophytes, moulds and yeasts.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of onychomycosis, analyse the most appropriate diagnostic test, and assess the distribution of pathogens based on age, sex, quarter of the year, duration of symptoms and previous treatment.MethodsRetrospectively, mycological culture and PCR data and results were collected from 121 patients.ResultsOf the 121 samples, 57% (69/121) tested positive when both microbiological study techniques were combined. The prevalence of onychomycosis was higher when PCR was performed (52.1%) compared to microbiological culture (33.1%). Among the 81 samples negative by microbiological culture, 31 were positive by PCR. Similarly, of the 58 samples negative by PCR, eight were positive by microbiological culture. Diagnostic accuracy data (with 95% confidence intervals) for PCR, using microbiological culture as the gold standard, were as follows: sensitivity of 0.8, specificity of 0.62, positive predictive value of 0.51 and negative predictive value of 0.86. The most frequently identified pathogen was Trichophyton rubrum, and the hallux nail plate was the most commonly affected location. However, no statistically significant associations were found between sex, age, quarter of the year and affected area with culture and PCR results.ConclusionCombining microbiological culture and PCR can increase the detection rate of onychomycosis and help avoid false‐negative results.
Bleeding during tooth extraction in patients with chronic kidney disease: A cross‐sectional pilot study
Authors: Figueiredo Marilia Andrade , Andrade Natalia Silva , Blanco Carrión Andrés , Medina Janaina Braga , Gallottini Marina , Ortega Karem L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis work measures the intra‐operative bleeding in end‐stage renal disease patients and assesses whether laboratory coagulation tests and nitrogenous compounds are related to a higher bleeding risk.MethodsLaboratory tests were performed on the day of surgery and some patients with thrombocytopenia and values above the normal levels of international normalised ratio (INR), thrombin time (TT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were identified.ResultsHaemostatic time ranged from 2 to 35 min (mean of 8.51 min) after suture. Bleeding volume ranged from 0.02 to 67.06 mL (mean of 4.38 mL) and the bleeding volume per minute ranged from 0.05 to 2.10 mL/min (median of 0.6 mL/min). Only seven patients (16.27%) had abnormal bleeding (more than 0.6 mL/min). Spearman's coefficient showed weak correlations between bleeding volume (mL/min) and serum urea (r = 0.226), TT (r = 0.227), plasma urea (r = 0.148) and creatinine (r = 146), as well as very weak correlations with all other variables (r < 0.140) such as age, haemodialysis time, glycaemia, glycated haemoglobin, platelets, INR, aPTT and fibrinogen.ConclusionIt was not possible to associate any laboratory test or nitrogenous compounds present in the blood and saliva with an increased bleeding.