bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Osteoporosis at the Lumbar Spine Using Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer (UTE‐MT) MRI
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Liang Xiaoling , Liu Jin , Ma Yajun 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundBone collagen‐matrix contributes to the mechanical properties of bone by imparting tensile strength and elasticity, which can be indirectly quantified by ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer ratio (UTE‐MTR) to assess osteoporosis.PurposeTo evaluate osteoporosis at the human lumbar spine using UTE‐MTR.Study TypeProspective.PopulationOne hundred forty‐eight‐volunteers (age‐range, 50–85; females, N = 90), including 81‐normal bone density, 35‐osteopenic, and 32‐osteoporotic subjects. Ten additional healthy volunteers were recruited to study the intrasession reproducibility of the UTE‐MT.Field Strength/Sequence3T/UTE‐MT, short repetition‐time adiabatic inversion recovery prepared UTE (STAIR‐UTE), and iterative decomposition of water‐and‐fat with echo‐asymmetry and least‐squares estimation (IDEAL‐IQ).AssessmentFracture risk was calculated using Fracture‐Risk‐Assessment‐Tool (FRAX). Region‐of‐interests (ROIs) were delineated on the trabecular area in the maps of bone‐mineral‐density, UTE‐MTR, collagen‐bound water proton‐fraction (CBWPF), and bone‐marrow fat fraction (BMFF).Statistical TestsLinear‐regression and Bland–Altman analysis were performed to assess the reproducibility of UTE‐MTR measurements in the different scans. UTE‐MTR and BMFF were correlated with bone‐mineral‐density using Pearson's regression and with FRAX scores using nonlinear regression. The abilities of UTE‐MTR, CBWPF, and BMFF to discriminate between the three patient subgroups were evaluated using receiver‐operator‐characteristic (ROC) analysis and area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC). Decision‐curve‐analysis (DCA) and clinical‐impact curves were used to evaluate the value of UTE‐MTR in clinical diagnosis. The DeLong test was used to compare the ROC curves. P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsExcellent reproducibility was obtained for the UTE‐MT measurements. UTE‐MTR strongly correlated with bone‐mineral‐density (r = 0.76) and FRAX scores (r = −0.77). UTE‐MTR exhibited higher AUCs (≥0.723) than BMFF, indicating its superior ability to distinguish between the three patient subgroups. The DCA and clinical‐impact curves confirmed the diagnostic value of UTE‐MTR. UTE‐MTR and CBWPF showed similar performance in correlation with bone‐mineral‐density and cohort classification.Data ConclusionUTE‐MTR strongly correlates with bone‐mineral‐density and FRAX and shows great potential in distinguishing between normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic subjects.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Spatio‐temporal scalar auxiliary variable approach for the nonlinear convection–diffusion equation with discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Li Yaping , Zhao Weidong , Zhao Wenju 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a scalar auxiliary variable approach combining with a discontinuous Galerkin method is proposed to handle the gradient‐type nonlinear term. The nonlinear convection–diffusion equation is used as the model. The proposed equivalent system can effectively handle the nonlinear convection term by incorporating the spatial and temporal information, globally. With the introduced auxiliary variable, the stability of the system can be simply characterized. In the space, according to the regularity of the system, an optimal accuracy is obtained with the discontinuous Galerkin method. Two different time discretization techniques, that is, backward Euler and linearly extrapolated Crank–Nicolson schemes, are separately considered with first order and second order accuracy. The proposed schemes are unconditionally stable with proper selected parameters. For the error estimates, the optimal convergence rates are rigorously proved. In the numerical experiments, the convergence information is confirmed and a benchmark problem with shock tendency is then followed with robustness demonstration.
Development and validation of a distress measurement for insulin injections among patients with diabetes
Authors: Choi Eujin , Kim Min-Sun , Cho Juhee , Kim Sooyeon , Kwon Eun Kyung , Kim Youngha , Kang Danbee , Cho Sung Yoon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInsulin injections are stressful but necessary for people with diabetes. This study aimed to develop and validate the Distress of Self-Injection (DSI) scale for patients with diabetes aged ≥ 10 years. We created a questionnaire to evaluate DSI after examining each item following a literature review. The DSI scale with 20 questions in three domains (physical [4], psychosocial [7], and process [9]) was developed and tested at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea, from April to September 2021. To verify structural validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted. Internal consistency was also calculated. To assess construct and criterion validity, the correlation between the DSI scale and Korean version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID-K) scale was obtained. Cronbach’s alpha varied from 0.69 to 0.87, and the DSI score was 0.90, demonstrating acceptable internal consistency. CFA fit indices (CFI = 0.980; RMSEA = 0.033) were favorable. DSI and pertinent PAID-K domains correlated strongly. For measuring self-injection distress, the DSI score had good accuracy. For patients with diabetes aged ≥ 10 years who self-inject insulin, the DSI was a viable and accurate method for quantifying discomfort associated with insulin injection. Health practitioners should use the DSI to communicate with patients about their suffering.
Expectations Formation, Sticky Prices, and the ZLB
Authors: BERSSON ELIZABETH , HÜRTGEN PATRICK , PAUSTIAN MATTHIAS 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAt the zero lower bound (ZLB), expectations about the future path of monetary or fiscal policy are crucial. We model expectations formation under level‐ thinking, a form of bounded rationality formalized by García‐Schmidt and Woodford (2019) and Farhi and Werning (2019), consistent with experimental evidence. This process does not lead to a number of puzzling features from rational expectations models, such as the reversal puzzle, or implausible large fiscal multipliers. Optimal monetary policy at the ZLB under level‐ thinking prescribes keeping the nominal rate lower for longer, but short‐run macro‐economic stabilization is less powerful compared to rational expectations.
Application of Ultra-Fast Laser-Patterning Computation for Advanced Manufacturing of Powdered Materials Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Pandey Rohit 
Published: July 2023

The application of ultra-fast laser-patterning computation for advanced manufacturing of powdered materials has gained significant interest in recent years. This study proposes a novel approach that combines deep learning techniques with laser-patterning computation to enhance the manufacturing process of powdered materials. This is to develop a deep learning model that can accurately predict the laser-patterning parameters for different powdered materials. This model takes into account various factors such as material properties, laser parameters, and desired patterns. The deep learning model is trained using a large dataset consisting of simulated laser-patterning data and corresponding material properties.
This encompasses the application of the deep learning model to optimize the laser-patterning process for various powdered materials, including metals, ceramics, and polymers. The model's performance is evaluated based on its ability to accurately predict the laser-patterning parameters and generate desired patterns on the powdered materials. The significance of this lies in its potential to revolutionize the manufacturing of powdered materials by providing a faster and more efficient approach. The use of deep learning techniques allows for the development of accurate prediction models, reducing the need for extensive trial-and-error experimentation. This leads to significant time and cost savings in the manufacturing process. The findings reveal the effectiveness of the deep learning model in accurately predicting laser-patterning parameters for powdered materials. The model demonstrates superior accuracy compared to traditional methods and achieves efficient computation times, making it highly suitable for advanced manufacturing applications.
The application of ultra-fast laser-patterning computation using a deep learning approach holds great promise for advanced manufacturing of powdered materials. The developed deep learning model provides accurate predictions of laser-patterning parameters, enabling efficient manufacturing processes and reducing costs. This research contributes to the field by introducing a novel approach that combines deep learning with laser-patterning computation, paving the way for future advancements in the manufacturing industry.
Outcomes After Corneal Crosslinking Treatment in Paediatric Patients with Keratoconus
Authors: Cankaya Cem , Gungor Nur 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the efficacy and safety of accelerated corneal crosslinking in children with keratoconus.
Methods
Two hundred twenty-nine eyes of 146 patients aged 16 years and younger with keratoconus were included in this study. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical and cylindrical values, keratometric values (K1-K2), steepest keratometric value (Kmax), and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) of the patients were recorded pre-operatively and post-operatively at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Ocular and systemic diseases associated with keratoconus were also recorded.
Results
The results showed stabilization of refractive BCVA in the first postoperative month, with a slight improvement over time. The Keratometric values (K1 and K2) and Kmax remained stable throughout the follow-up period. The minimum central corneal thickness initially decreased but stabilized 12 months after crosslinking. No complications, such as corneal opacity, non-healing epithelial defects, or corneal infections, were observed during the follow-up. Allergic conjunctivitis (30.8%), congenital cataracts (1.36%), nystagmus (0.68%) and blepharoptosis (0.68%), were the most common ocular co-morbidities.
Conclusion
The paediatric age group is at high risk due to the rapid and aggressive nature of the disease. According to the results of our study, corneal crosslinking treatment in childhood limited the progression of keratoconus and at the same time provided a slight increase in visual acuity.
Postawa rodzin pacjentów cierpiących i bólowych wobec uporczywej terapii
Authors: Głowacka Tatiana , Grączewska Natalia 
Published: July 2023

Wstęp. W ostatnich dekadach naszego wieku pojawiło się duże zainteresowanie tematem eutanazji zarówno na całym świecie jak i w Polsce. Obok tego problemu wyłonił się również problem uporczywej terapii, który występuje w Polsce zupełnie od niedawna. Dla znacznej części naszego społeczeństwa jest to pojęcie nieznane, z którym zetknęli się zupełnie przypadkiem, nie do końca zdając sobie sprawę z jego znaczenia. Uświadamianie więc społeczeństwu problemu uporczywej terapii i jej istoty jest zarazem ważne i niezwykle trudne. Należy jednak mieć świadomość, iż temat śmierci jest nieodłączną częścią naszego życia i nie należy go pomijać, a wręcz przeciwnie. Podejmowanie tego tematu ułatwia nam pogodzenie się z odchodzeniem bliskich i łagodzi nasze emocje, które budzą się w obliczu tragedii.
Cel. Głównym celem pracy jest analiza postaw rodzin pacjentów cierpiących i bólowych wobec uporczywej terapii.
Materiał i metody. Przedmiotem badań są postawy rodzin pacjentów cierpiących i bólowych wobec uporczywej terapii. Dla potrzeb pracy skorzystano z metody sondażu diagnostycznego, a narzędziem badawczym był autorski kwestionariusz ankiety.
Wyniki. Wykazano zależności pomiędzy wiekiem osób badanych, a znajomością pojęcia uporczywej terapii. Można stwierdzić, iż temat uporczywej terapii jest dość nowym tematem i być może dlatego osoby starsze wcześniej się z nim nie zetknęły. Wykazano również zależności pomiędzy poziomem wykształcenia, a znajomością pojęcia uporczywej terapii. Największa liczba osób udzielających prawidłowej odpowiedzi znajduje się w grupie z wykształceniem wyższym.
Wnioski. Analiza zebranych danych dała wyniki ukazujące postawy rodzin wobec uporczywej terapii. Wszystkie stawiane hipotezy w niniejszej pracy potwierdziły się i wynika z powyższego, iż przedstawione postawy rodzin pacjentów wobec uporczywej terapii wynikają z niewiedzy, braku świadomości i niedostatecznej komunikacji z personelem.
Game of Polynomials & Coefficients : Second-Tenth Order Uncompensated Transfer Functions in Solar DC-DC Boost Converter - Part I
Authors: Bansal Abhishek 
Published: July 2023

<p> This is a two-part series paper. In this first part of the novel paper, nine uncompensated transfer functions from second (2nd) order upto tenth (10th) order of a solar boost converter which boosts 25V of 255W solar panel to upto 350VDC. The aim of the study is to see what changes in coefficients of polynomials happen from second (2nd) order upto tenth (10th) when the switching frequency is changed from 100 kHz to 1.999 MHz or 1999 kHz. The aim of this paper is transfer functions, not circuits. The graphs/plots showing the voltages level achieved during the change of MOSFET switching frequency from 100 kHz to 1.999 MHz are submitted. The results are used in designing compensator and improving patent - novel B, which is explored in Part-II.</p>
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN BANK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RGEC PADA PT BANK OCBC NISP Tbk
Authors: L. Tobing Vargo Christian , Simatupang Eva Malina 
Published: July 2023

The title of research was an “Analysis of Bank Health with RGEC Method at PT Bank OCBC NISP”. This research aimed to determine how the health of PT Bank OCBC NISP Tbk for the period 2019-2021. The population in this research was the financial statement of PT Bank OCBC NISP Tbk and the samples were the statement of Financial Position (balance sheet), Income Statement, and Notes to Financial Statement of PT Bank OCBC NISP Tbk for the 2019-2021 period. The type of data used in this research was secondary data obtained by documentation techniques through PT Bank OCBC NISP Tbk website. The data analysis technique used was descriptive analysis using the RGEC method. Based on the results of the data analysis, it showed that PT Bank OCBC NISP Tbk for the 2019-2021 period obtained the 1st composite rating (PK) or very healthy with a composite value of 93,33%. This reflects that PT Bank OCBC NISP Tbk is capable to deal with negative effects from business condition that may occur
Prototype Sistem Smart Sistem Smart Home Berbasis IoT dengan Handphone Android Menggunakan NODEMCU ESP32
Authors: Rombekila Aryani , Entamoing Bernardo Luokelay 
Published: July 2023

Internet of Think (IoT) merupakan teknologi saat ini yang memanfaatkan jaringan atau konektivitas internet yang tersambung secara terus-menerus dengan cara menghubungkan peralatan apa saja ke relay yang tersambung ke esp32 yang terkoneksi ke jaringan internet melalui heanpone android. Pengunaan IoT pada sistem rumah cerdas sangat bermanfaat bagi manusia untuk mengontrol kondisi rumah salah satunya adalah untuk mengontrol lampu rumah dari jarak jauh dengan berbasis IoT menggunakan NodeMCU esp32 lewat aplikasi blynk versi terbaru.
Metode yang digunakan dalam perancangan prototype smart home berbasis IoT yang di control lewat handphone android menggunakan metode rancang bangun yang terdiri dari beberapa tahap yaitu: identifikasi kebutuhan, analisis, konsep rancangan dan pembuatan alat dan pengujian.Hasil dari penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode pengontrolan yaitu mode Blynk dan mode Hadwer. Mode blynk yaitu mematikan dan menghidupkan lampu secara otomatis sedangkan mode hadwer secara manual dengan cara menekan switch.
SYSTEM SZKOLENIA LOTNICZEGO GROB 120
Authors: Bogusz Dariusz 
Published: July 2023

Ekonomiczność szkolenia perso­nelu latającego jest jednym z wyznaczników wyboru platformy szkolenia lotniczego pilotów wojskowych na świecie. Próby zoptymalizowania kosztów szkolenia lotniczego pilotów wojskowych doprowadziły do szerokiego stosowania treningu syntetycznego i nowoczesnej awioniki od początkowych etapów szkolenia lotniczego. Takim przykładem jest system szkolenia lotniczego Grob 120 TP. Niemiecki producent wprowadził do szkolenia platformę G 120 TP z cyfrową awionką oraz dedykowanymi symu­latorami i rozwiązaniami sieciowymi. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja najnowszych rozwiązań szkolenia lotniczego na przykładzie platformy Grob G 120TP.
Diaphragmatic Injury with Empyema Development after Microwave Ablation of a Liver Dome Lesion
Authors: Jing Ran , Merritt Travis , Gemmete Joseph J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPercutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) of the liver is a minimally invasive procedure that utilizes high frequency electromagnetic waves to generate heat and induce tumor necrosis. MWA has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment option for primary and metastatic liver tumors. The treatment of liver dome lesions can present a technical challenge due to the proximity of the hepatic dome to the diaphragm and lung parenchyma. In this report, we present a case of diaphragmatic injury and subsequent empyema following MWA of a liver dome lesion.
Chebyshev Neural Network Method for Solving Delay-Integro-Differential-Algebraic Equations Based on Variable Transformation
Authors: Xing Baixue , Liu Haixia , Liu Hongliang , Tang Xiao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a single hidden layer Chebyshev neural network based on extreme learning machine is proposed to solve linear and nonlinear delay-integro-differential-algebraic equations. Since the equations contain both delay and integral terms, which bring many difficulties to the numerical solution. This paper adopts a segmental solution to overcome the difficulties caused by the delay term and constructs a Chebyshev neural network, which can directly calculate the integral term through the Chebyshev polynomials. For linear delay-integral-differential-algebraic equations, we first segment the interval according to the delay term, construct a single hidden layer Chebyshev neural network, and combine the extreme learning machine optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of each segment in turn, in which the optimal solution of the previous segment is used as the initial condition of the subsequent segment. For the nonlinear delay-integral-differential-algebraic equations, this paper first transforms the nonlinear equation into a linear equation using the variable transformation method, and then we simulate them using the same method. Numerical experiments show that the single hidden layer Chebyshev neural network based on the extreme learning machine can solve the linear model with high accuracy, and it is feasible and efficient to convert the nonlinear model into a linear model by using the variable transformation method for simulation.
LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS OF APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEMS IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF REFORMING THE PENAL SYSTEM
Authors: Ковалев О.Г. , Щербаков А.В. 
Published: July 2023

Объектом исследования выступают организационно-правовые проблемы применения интегрированных систем безопасности в отечественной пенитенциарной системе. Целью работы является специальное комплексное исследование правовых и организационных проблем применения интегрированных систем безопасности в современных условиях реформирования уголовно-исполнительной системы. Авторами путем использования диалектического метода познания, сравнительного анализа законодательных и ведомственных нормативных правовых актов, контент-анализа определений ученых, обзоров и статистических данных, опроса сотрудников отделов безопасности, оперативных и режимных подразделений, использования метода включенного наблюдения были выявлены современные тенденции правового регулирования и организации применения интегрированных систем безопасности в УИС, пути их дальнейшего совершенствования с учетом имеющегося пенитенциарного опыта в данном направлении.
The object of the study is the organizational and legal problems of the application of integrated security systems in the domestic penitentiary system. The purpose of the work is a special comprehensive study of the legal and organizational problems of the use of integrated security systems in modern conditions of reforming the penal system. The authors, by using the dialectical method of cognition, comparative analysis of legislative and departmental regulatory legal acts, content analysis of definitions of scientists, reviews and statistical data, interviewing employees of security departments, operational and regime units, using the included observation method, identified current trends in legal regulation and organization of the use of integrated security systems in the UIS, ways of their further improvement taking into account the existing penitentiary experience in this direction.
DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN THE FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF NONSPECIFIC INFLAMMATORY FACTORS IN WIDESPREAD PERITONITIS
Authors: Bilyayeva O. O. , Kryzhevsky V. V. , Karol I. V. , Osadchay O. I. 
Published: July 2023

Summary. Aim. The determination of the impact of the developed complex treatment of patients with peritonitis on the functional state of effector cells of antimicrobial resistance during the course of the disease.
Materials and methods. The study included patients with toxic and terminal stages of peritonitis (124 patients), who were treated in 2022. They were divided into 3 groups. Group I (main) included 39 (31.4 %) patients whose complex treatment included cytochrome C. Group II (main) included 41 (33.1 %) patients whose complex treatment included cytochrome C and Tivorel. The comparison group consisted of 44 (35.5 %) patients in whom the indicated drugs were not used.
Results. In patients of group I, the 7th day of the study was characterized by a significant decrease in the spontaneous activity of neutrophil granulocytes (NG) in the NBT-test relative to the initial values by 2.21 times (p<0.001). However, a 2.91 (p<0.001) times increase in the activity of induced NG was determined. An increase in the functional spontaneous activity of monocytes relative to the initial values was determined by 3.12 times (p<0.001). Indicators of functional activity in the induced reaction exceeded initial values by 4.96 times (p<0.001). In patients of the II group, on the 7th day of the study, a decrease in the functional activity of NG in the spontaneous NBT-test was found relative to the initial values by 2.94 times (p<0.001). A 4.52-fold increase in NG activity in the induced test relative to baseline values was determined (p<0.001). An increase in the functional activity of monocytes was established in the spontaneous and induced NBT-test. These indicators were 2.93 (p<0.001) times and 5.25 (p<0.001) times relative to the initial values, respectively.
Conclusions. The activity of neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes in the spontaneous and induced nitroblue tetrazolium recovery test (NBT-test) are objective indicators of the activity of nonspecific inflammatory factors in patients with peritonitis.