bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Defective Response of CBA/N Mice to T-Dependent Antigens
Authors: Janeway Charles A. , Barthold David R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
CBA/N mice fail to respond to T-independent antigens, and give a diminished response to T-dependent antigens. The cellular basis of the diminished response to T-dependent antigens in this strain was analyzed by means of adoptive transfers of various primed cell populations along with cells from the immunologically normal, histocompatible strain CBA/CaJ. CBA/N mice behaved normally as recipients and had normal levels of spleen helper cell activity. However, CBA/N spleen cells, used as a B cell source, produced only 56% as much antibody as CBA/CaJ cells. Since CBA/N mice have a relative frequency of immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes roughly half that of normal mice, these results suggest that CBA/N mice have a quantitative defect in spleen B cells responsive to T-dependent antigens.
Antigen-Enhanced Glucosamine Incorporation by Peritoneal Macrophages in Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity
Authors: Hammond M. Elizabeth , Selvaggio Salvatore S. , Dvorak Harold F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The interaction between sensitized lymphocytes and specific antigen occurring in classic delayed hypersensitivity causes guinea pig peritoneal macrophages to incorporate increased amounts of glucosamine into TCA precipitable, membrane-associated, cell surface material. Antigen-induced stimulation of glucosamine also occurred in peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) isolated from animals primed for cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity with certain strong antigens (KLH, vaccinia virus) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA), and lymphocytes from such animals elaborated MIF when cultured with specific antigen. Thus, the use of complete Freund's adjuvant is not obligatory for the induction of sensitized lymphocytes capable of secreting MIF or stimulating macrophage glucosamine incorporation; however, the potency of the immunogen employed is a critical variable since lymphocytes from animals primed with weaker antigens (HSA, BGG) in IFA did not have these capabilities.
Significantly enhanced incorporation of radioactive glucosamine by macrophages occurred when normal PEC were cultured in lymphokine-containing supernatants, but the magnitude of incorporation was smaller than that of sensitized PEC stimulated by antigen. The final 24 hr of macrophage culture was critically important because lymphokines were equally effective in promoting glucosamine incorporation when present for only this interval. The kinetics of this response are thus very similar to those reported for macrophage “activation”. The mechanism by which sensitized lymphocytes and their products stimulate glucosamine incorporation is not established, but at least part of the increment may be attributed to enhanced transport of glucosamine across the macrophage plasma membrane.
The plant lectins Con A and PHA stimulated unsensitized plastic-adherent cells to increased glucosamine incorporation and exerted a further additive stimulation on sensitized PEC when nonadherent sensitized lymphocytes were present. It is likely that these mitogens stimulate glucosamine incorporation by two distinct mechanisms, one involving sensitized nonadherent lymphocytes and a second involving only adherent cells (macrophages and/or plastic adherent lymphocytes).
Antigenic Determinants of the 70,000 Molecular Weight Glycoprotein of Woolly Monkey Type C RNA Virus
Authors: Hino Shigeo , Stephenson John R. , Aaronson Stuart A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The 70,000 molecular weight glycoprotein (gp70) of a type-C RNA virus originally isolated from a woolly monkey has been partially purified and immunologically characterized. Evidence that this viral protein is viral coded was derived from studies showing its antigenic properties to be unaltered by virus passage in cells of different species. A broadly reactive competition immunoassay was developed utilizing antiserum prepared against feline leukemia virus to precipitate 125I-labeled woolly monkey virus gp70. Gibbon and woolly viruses, as well as feline and several mouse type-C viruses, all reacted with equal efficiency in this assay. In contrast, an endogenous virus of the baboon failed to cross-react, suggesting that viruses of this latter group are less immunologically related to the others. In a homologous competition immunoassay for the woolly viral glycoprotein, the woolly virus was readily distinguished from otherwise closely related viruses of gibbon apes. These findings demonstrate the pronounced type-specific antigenic determinants possessed by this viral protein. The antigenic determinants of gp70 responsible for neutralization have also been investigated.
Synthesis but not Secretion of J Chain by Variant Mouse Myeloma Cells Which Lose α-Chain-Synthesizing Ability
Authors: Mosmann Timothy , Baumal Reuben 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We have devised a rapid method for obtaining large amounts of J chain from IgA in the ascitic fluid of mice bearing the MOPC 315 tumor. The J chain was released by reduction from the MOPC 315 IgA adsorbed onto a DNP-lysyl-Sepharose column, and was further purified by DEAE Sephadex chromatography. The mouse J chain was characterized as to its electrophoretic mobility, amino acid composition, apparent size, presence in different immunoglobulin classes, and reactivity with an antiserum containing anti-J chain activity.
Variant cell lines have been selected from the IgA-producing mouse myeloma cell line MOPC 315. The variants did not synthesize detectable quantities of α heavy chains but continued to synthesize and secrete light chains. J chain was synthesized by both parent and variant cell lines but only secreted by the parent cells. It is postulated that J chain synthesis is not dependent on α heavy chain synthesis, but that secretion of J chain by MOPC 315 cells occurs only because of its attachment to the IgA molecule.
Antigenic Analysis of Chlamydiae by Two-Dimensional Immunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Caldwell Harlan D. , Kuo Cho-Chou , Kenny George E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was utilized to study precipitins in hyperimmune rabbit serum made against chlamydiae and from patients with chlamydial infections. An antigen of Triton X-100-solubilized L2/434/Bu organisms with an electrophoretic mobility of 0.65 relative to bovine serum albumin at pH 8.6 was excised from the agarose gel of electrophorograms as antigen-antibody complexes and used to immunize rabbits. A monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 was obtained that reacted with Trachoma-LGV strains L2/434/Bu, B/TW-5/OT, and K/UW-31/Cx, but not with the mouse pneumonitis (Nigg) strain or the psittacosis strain meningopneumonitis (Cal-10). The Trachoma-LGV specificity of antigen 0.65 was further shown by indirect immunofluorescence straining with the monospecific antiserum of chlamydial inclusions in infected HeLa cells. Precipitins with a specificity for antigen 0.65 were identified in 15 of 18 sera from patients with diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis infections LGV, trachoma, nongonococcal urethritis, and nongonococcal cervicitis by using monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 in the peak suppression test. Thus, antigen 0.65 appears to be a Trachoma-LGV-specific antigen that has considerable promise for serodiagnosis.
Alloantiserum-Mediated Suppression of Ir Gene Controlled Antigen-Induced Lymphocyte Activation: Effect on Uridine and Leucine Incorporation
Authors: Greenberg Philip D. , Bluestein Harry G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antisera to guinea pig histocompatibility antigens specifically suppress Ir gene-controlled antigen-stimulated, DNA-synthetic responses in vitro. To define further the mechanisms of alloantiserum-mediated suppression and to utilize this suppression as a probe of the cellular events occurring during lymphocyte activation, we have examined the effects of alloantisera on 14C-leucine and 3H-uridine incorporation, earlier events after antigen stimulation. The RNA and protein synthetic responses of peritoneal exudate lymphocytes from immunized guinea pigs to DNP-GL (controlled by a strain 2-linked Ir gene) are 40 to 50% of maximum by 24 hr in culture and at or near maximum by 48 hr. DNA synthesis was only 2% of maximum at 24 hr and maximum at 72 hr. Comparisons of the degree of stimulation of the incorporation of all three precursors reveals an excellent correlation between leucine and uridine but poor correlation between leucine and thymidine.
Despite the observed differences in time course of incorporation and magnitude of response, the susceptibility to suppression by alloantisera of all three responses was virtually identical. Anti-2 sera, added at the initiation of culture, completely suppress all three responses. If addition was delayed 8 hr, 50 to 60% suppression was still demonstrated, whereas only minimal suppression was evidenced if addition was delayed 18 hr. These results suggest that by 8 to 10 hr of incubation with antigen, the responding cells have undergone the necessary biochemical and structural changes to eventuate in an immune response; and, further - more, that alloantisera do not suppress by blocking antigen access to, or release from, its lymphocyte membrane receptor, but rather by a dynamic alteration of the lymphocyte membrane surface which interferes with the stimulus being generated by the antigen-receptor complex.
Lymphoid Cell Subpopulations
Authors: Howe Michael L. , Cohen Lewis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mixtures of isogeneic lymph node cells (LNC) and thymocytes (TC) exhibit far greater responsiveness in the murine MLI, as measured by proliferation and development of cytotoxic effector cells, than either cell type cultured alone. Pretreatment of either LNC or TC with mitomycin-C or ultraviolet irradiation completely abolished their synergistic interaction. Administration of cortisone acetate to cell donors 20 hr before sacrifice reduced the capacity of LNC and enhanced the capacity of TC to synergize. The LNC and TC populations participating in synergy were found to be thymus dependent. LNC were shown to be responsible for the bulk of proliferative and effector activity observed in synergizing cultures, whereas TC appeared to amplify the activation of LNC. These findings provide the basis for a three cell model of MLI responsiveness.
Peanut Agglutinin, A New Mitogen That Binds to Galactosyl Sites Exposed after Neuraminidase Treatment
Authors: Novogrodsky Abraham , Lotan Reuben , Ravid Amiram , Sharon Nathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peanut agglutinin, purified by affinity chromatography, agglutinates lymphocytes from mouse, rat, guinea pig, and man only after their treatment with neuraminidase. However, it stimulates only neuraminidase-treated rat and human cells. A similar number of cell surface receptors for peanut agglutinin was found on neuraminidase-treated rat and mouse lymphocytes although the latter cells were not stimulated by the lection. Galactose specifically inhibited the agglutination and stimulation of lymphocytes by peanut agglutinin. Sequential treatment of lymphocytes with neuraminidase and β-galactosidase markedly reduced the response of the cells to stimulation by peanut agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, and galactose oxidase. It is suggested that the same galactosyl residue may be the target for the initial step in triggering lymphocytes by the above mentioned mitogens.
Anomalous Reactions of Mouse Alloantisera with Cultured Tumor Cells
Authors: Nowinski Robert C. , Klein Paul A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Certain alloantisera prepared in mice against H-2 region membrane antigens were found to be unexpectedly cytotoxic for murine sarcoma and leukemia cells in culture. This anomalous cytotoxicity was shown to be the result of antibody in these alloantisera directed against the p15 and gp70 envelope proteins of MuLV which were present on the surface of the tumor target cells.
Sera from aged unimmunized mice of strains used for the preparation of alloantisera also contained antibodies against MuLV proteins p15 and gp70 that were cytotoxic for sarcoma and leukemia cells, which indicates that these antibodies occurred naturally in mice. These results independently confirm earlier findings of the widespread occurrence in mouse serum of antibodies reactive with MuLV.
The presence of antibody against MuLV in mouse serum which can cause cytotoxic reactions with tumor cells points to the fact that particular caution should be used during the typing of murine sarcomas or leukemias for cell surface antigens, since mouse antisera may yield cytotoxicity (or other serologic reactions) based on anti-MuLV specificities, rather than on anticipated antigens.
T Lymphocyte-Enriched Murine Peritoneal Exudate Cells
Authors: Schwartz Ronald H. , Jackson Lula , Paul William E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The in vitro activation of murine thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes by soluble protein and synthetic antigens has been difficult to assess because of the lack of a specific and reliable proliferation assay. The present report describes the development of an assay system which overcomes these problems by making use of a population of nylon wool column-purified T lymphocytes obtained from thioglycol-late-induced peritoneal exudates of immunized mice. PETLES (peritoneal exudate, T lymphocyte-enriched cells) were composed mainly of T lymphocytes, eosinophils and small numbers of macrophages. Contamination with bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes averaged only 2%. When PETLES from immunized mice were stimulated in microtiter cultures with the immunizing antigen, large degrees of proliferation ensured as measured by incorporation of 3H-methyl-thymidine 5 days after initiation. As few as 1.25 × 104 cells and as little as 50 ng/ml of antigen gave significant stimulation. Maximum responses were obtained with 2 × 105 cells and about 100 µg/ml of antigen; dinitrophenylated-ovalbumin (DNP5OVA), in a series of 10 experiments under these optimal conditions, gave a mean incorporation of 70,900 cpm while the controls cultured without antigen showed only 3,600 cpm. PETLES from nonimmunized mice or from mice immunized to other antigens did not respond to DNP5OVA although they did respond to mitogens. The antigen-induced proliferation was shown to require the presence of immune T lymphocytes by two criteria: elimination of the response by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum plus complement and failure to reconstitute the response when the few remaining immune B lymphocytes left after anti-Thy 1.2 treatment were added to nonimmune T lymphocytes. In addition, the system exhibited carrier specificity. Because of the paucity of B lymphocytes in the population, their contribution to the overall magnitude of the proliferative response was negligible as demonstrated by the small response to B cell mitogens. Thus, the assay appears to be a quantitative as well as a qualitative assay for one aspect of T lymphocyte function. This technique should prove useful for the study of murine T lymphocytes in vitro.
Cell-Mediated Immunity to Friend Virus-Induced Leukemia
Authors: Ting Chou-Chik , Bushar Grace Shiu , Rodrigues Dennis , Herberman Ronald B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cell-mediated cytotoxic reactivity of C57BL/6 mice against syngeneic FBL-3 cells, a Friend virus-induced leukemia, was measured by the 125IUdR release assay with tumor target cells in suspension. The tests could be performed either with Linbro tissue culture plates (16-mm wells) or with Microtest II plates (6-mm wells). The former could only be harvested manually; the latter could be harvested mechanically by an automatic harvesting apparatus which permitted larger scale tests. With either plate, it was found that careful preparation of the target cells and of the attacker cells has important effects on the results obtained. When performed under optimal test conditions, the 125IUdR assay can be used as a very simple, objective, and reproducible assay for testing cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Initiation of C3 Cleavage in the Alternative Complement Pathway
Authors: Fearon Douglas T. , Austen K. Frank 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The capacity of C3 and 125I-C3 to interact with B and D̄ to generate a C3 convertase was recognized by identification of C3b and Bb on immunoelectrophoresis and 125I-C3b on disc gel electrophoresis. Since the C3 was devoid of C3b as assessed by immunoelectrophoresis, alkaline disc gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing, the initial C3 cleavage was not by the C3b-dependent C3 convertase. In addition, on isoelectric focusing C3 hemolytic activity and the capacity to permit B cleavage by D̄ were isoelectric at pH 6.4, whereas the capacity of C3b to permit cleavage by D̄ was isoelectric at pH 5.65. Comparison of the dose-response effects of C3b and C3 for B inactivation by D̄ revealed linear and sigmoidal relationships, respectively, consistent with formation of an initial C3 convertase independent of C3b followed by generation of the C3b-dependent convertase in the reaction initiated with native C3. Further, preincubation of C3 with C3bINA did not diminish its subsequent capacity to permit B inactivation by D̄ as compared to the introduction of C3bINA during the assay, thus supporting the view that native C3, B, and D̄ can form a convertase capable of generating initial C3b.
In Vivo Effects of Cortisone on the B Cell Line in Chickens
Authors: Rusu V. M. , Cooper M. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effects of a single dose of cortisone acetate (5 or 10 mg/100 g body weight) on B cells were examined in young chickens. A dose-dependent increase in numbers of circulating B lymphocytes and a change in their Ig-class distribution were followed by parallel increase in splenic plasma cells and serum immunoglobulins. The higher dose of cortisone produced changes in Bµ and Bγ cells, whereas the lower dose primarily affected Bµ cells. These steroid-induced changes were preceded by lymphocyte depletion in the cortical regions of bursal follicles, and priorbursectomy prevented steroid-induced increases in circulating B lymphocytes and tissue plasma cells. The results suggest that cortisone can induce bursal lymphocytes to migrate from the bursa and to settle subsequently in peripheral lymphoid tissues where they become mature plasma cells.
Reappraisal of Lymphocyte Classification by Means of Surface Morphology
Authors: Baur Paul S. , Thurman Gary B. , Goldstein Allan L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Prior scanning electron microscope studies have indicated that T (thymus derived) lymphocytes appear “smooth” while human B (thymus independent) lymphocytes appear “hairy” with numerous microvilli covering their surfaces. A recent report (24) has raised some doubt as to the validity of classifying lymphocyte subpopulations on this purely morphologic basis.
We have examined lymphocytes taken from congenitally athymic “nude” mice (lacking T cells) and compared them with those taken from normal littermates and CBA/J mice (both having T cell populations). We have determined that there are no distinguishable differences between teh distribution of surface morphologies of lymphocytes from animals either with or without T cells. Our studies indicate that the classification of T and B cells, based on cell surface features, requires more than just finding out whether or not the cells are smooth or hairy.
The Ontogeny of Murine B Lymphocytes
Authors: Hammerling Ulrich , Chin Ann F. , Abbott Joan , Scheid Margrit P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When bone marrow and spleen cells of 4 week-old mice are fractionated on a discontinuous BSA gradient, a small fraction of Ia- cells is obtained which can be induced in vitro to express the Ia alloantigen within 2 hr. This is in precise parallel to the prothymocyte induction system of Komuro and Boyse. Ia specificity is ascertained by the use of two reciprocal antisera, A.TH anti-A.TL (anti-Iak) and A.TL anti-A.TH (anti-Ias), which yield the expected reaction pattern on induced bone marrow cells of (B6 × A)F1 (Iak) and SJL/J (Ias) mice. Induction can be effected by a number of agents, such as catecholamines, prostaglandin PGE1, cAMP, bacterial endotoxin, lipid A, ubiquitin, and thymopoietin. The last requires a 100-fold higher concentration for Ia+ induction as compared to prothymocyte induction, thus implying a lower affinity for the B cell receptor than for the thymocyte receptor.
Ia- to Ia- conversion involves cells different from prothymocytes, as indicated by: 1) the specific cytolytic effect of our anti-Ia sera which were shown to be free of activity against thymocytes; 2) an additive cytolytic effect of anti-Ia and anti-Thy-1 sera; and 3) the fact that the Ia inducible cells are sensitive to pretreatment with anti-immunoglobulin and C. The finding that Ia- precursor cells are already Ig+ is of interest for the B cell ontogeny, as it implies that Ig expression precedes Ia expression.
Niridazole A Potent Long-Acting Suppressant of Cellular Hypersensitivity
Authors: Pelley Ronald P. , Pelley Robert J. , Stavitsky Abram B. , Mahmoud Adel A. F. , Warren Kenneth S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Niridazole, an anthelminthic drug, has been shown to be a potent long-acting suppressant of cell-mediated immune responses both in man and in experimental animals. In the present study the effect of niridazole on the magnitude and kinetics of the primary and secondary antibody responses of mice to sheep erythrocytes, human serum albumin, and keyhold limpet hemocyanin was investigated. The therapeutic dose of niridazole for murine schistósomiasis moderately and transiently inhibited the primary antibody response to these antigens, but had no effect on ongoing antibody production against keyhold limpet hemocyanin or on secondary responses to any of the antigens. Single doses of niridazole (which suppress cell-mediated immune responses) had no effect whatsoever on the most strongly inhibited of the primary antibody responses, that to alumprecipitated polymerized human serum albumin.
Goat Antibody Directed Against a Human Leb Blood Group Hapten, Lacto-N-Difucohexaose I
Authors: Zopf David A. , Ginsburg Ann , Ginsburg Victor 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A goat immunized with lacto-N-difucohexaose I (Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc) conjugated to polylysine produces antibody directed against the oligosaccharide. The antibody specifically precipitates Leb blood group substance and specifically binds lacto-N-difucohexaose I . Antibody purified by affinity chromatography is a 6.8S immunoglobulin of 158,000 ± 6,000 molecular weight.