bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should higher education be subsidized more?
Authors: Declercq Koen , Ooghe Erwin 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
We investigate in which countries fiscal externalities provide a justification for increasing subsidies to higher education. First, we show that the marginal fiscal recovery rate, i.e., the ratio of the change in total net fiscal revenues and the change in total subsidy costs caused by a small change in tuition subsidies, is the key statistic: if larger than a well-specified threshold value, then a small increase in subsidies is desirable from a welfare point of view. We also show that the marginal fiscal recovery rate depends on three statistics: the elasticity of participation with respect to subsidies, the success probability of the marginal student, and the ratio of the net fiscal revenue gain and the subsidy level of a degree in higher education. Second, we use this formula to approximate the marginal fiscal recovery rate in twenty OECD countries. The average marginal fiscal recovery rate is equal to 0.94, meaning that, on average, 0.94 euro is recovered of an increase in subsidies by one euro. This average hides substantial heterogeneity between countries. In six countries, the marginal fiscal recovery rate is larger than one, implying that an increase in subsidies to higher education is unambiguously desirable (i.e., a Pareto improvement) in these countries. In the other 14 countries, the marginal fiscal recovery rate is below one. Yet, if the degree of inequality aversion is not extreme, then increasing subsidies is also desirable in 12 additional countries. Third, to check the quality of our approximation of the marginal fiscal recovery rate, we simulate it for Belgium (region of Flanders) on the basis of a more detailed model. This simulation provides a somewhat lower, yet fairly similar result compared to the approximation.
Examining the Bidirectional Nature of Loneliness and Anxiety Among Older Adults in Daily Life
Authors: Van Bogart Karina , Scott Stacey B , Harrington Karra D , Felt John M , Sliwinski Martin J , Graham-Engeland Jennifer E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Loneliness in later life increases the risk for adverse health outcomes; however, less is known about how loneliness is maintained. Anxiety may play an important role in maintaining loneliness, but little is known about how this connection plays out over time in daily life. This study thus focused on the within-person associations between momentary loneliness and anxiety among older adults.

Methods
Participants were 317 diverse older adults (40% Black; 13% Hispanic, mean age = 77.45 years, 67% women) systematically recruited from the Bronx, NY, who completed ecological momentary assessments 5 times daily for 14 consecutive days. Multilevel models tested bidirectional contemporaneous, momentary cross-lagged (t − 1), day-level cross-lagged (average day to end of day), and day-to-day cross-lagged associations between loneliness and anxiety. Separate sensitivity analyses controlled for concurrent overall mood valence or depressed state. Gender and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) status were tested as moderators at all timescales.

Results
Significant bidirectional associations between loneliness and anxiety were found at the contemporaneous and momentary cross-lagged (t − 1) timescales. Higher average daily loneliness predicted higher end-of-day anxiety, but not vice versa. Loneliness and anxiety were not significantly associated from day to day. Sensitivity analyses revealed some associations varied depending on inclusion of either concurrent mood valence or depressed state. Neither gender nor MCI status moderated associations at any timescale.

Discussion
Findings shed light on the complex temporal ordering of loneliness and anxiety in daily life and extend contemporary theoretical notions of loneliness, including the possibility of interventions that target key moments in daily life.
Early changes in health coverage and access to dental care associated with Medicaid expansion under the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Elani Hawazin W , Figueroa Jose F , Kawachi Ichiro , Rosenthal Meredith 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has affected early changes in health coverage and access to dental care services in states that expanded Medicaid versus those that did not is currently not well known. Using data from the National Health Interview Survey, we found that, during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, states that had previously expanded their Medicaid programs under the Affordable Care Act had lower uninsurance rates for White low-income adults (−8.8 percentage points; 95% CI: −16.6, −1.0) and lower dental uninsurance rates for all low-income adults (−5.4 percentage points; 95% CI: −10.4, −0.5). Our findings also suggest that the combination of Medicaid expansion with coverage of adult dental benefits in Medicaid was associated with improved dental coverage and access to dental care during the pandemic. With the expiration of the public health emergency declaration, states are considering strategies to prevent disruptions in Medicaid coverage. Our study adds to the evidence of the importance of Medicaid expansion in stabilizing health coverage during a public health crisis.
Predicted leukocyte telomere length and risk of myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Sullivan Shannon M , Cole Ben , Lane John , Meredith John J , Langer Erica , Hooten Anthony J , Roesler Michelle , McGraw Kathy L , Pankratz Nathan , Poynter Jenny N 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Maintenance of telomere length has long been established to play a role in the biology of cancer and several studies suggest that it may be especially important in myeloid malignancies. To overcome potential bias in confounding and reverse causation of observational studies, we use both a polygenic risk score (PRS) and inverse-variance weighted (IVW) Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the relationship between genetically predicted leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) risk in 498 cases and 2099 controls and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) risk in 610 cases and 1759 controls. Genetic instruments derived from four recent studies explaining 1.23–4.57% of telomere variability were considered. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR, 95% confidence intervals [CI]) as the measure of association between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms and myeloid malignancies. We observed a significant association between a PRS of longer predicted LTL and AML using three genetic instruments (OR = 4.03 per ~1200 base pair [bp] increase in LTL, 95% CI: 1.65, 9.85 using Codd et al. [Codd, V., Nelson, C.P., Albrecht, E., Mangino, M., Deelen, J., Buxton, J.L., Hottenga, J.J., Fischer, K., Esko, T., Surakka, I. et al. (2013) Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease. Nat. Genet., 45, 422–427 427e421–422.], OR = 3.48 per one-standard deviation increase in LTL, 95% CI: 1.74, 6.97 using Li et al. [Li, C., Stoma, S., Lotta, L.A., Warner, S., Albrecht, E., Allione, A., Arp, P.P., Broer, L., Buxton, J.L., Alves, A.D.S.C. et al. (2020) Genome-wide association analysis in humans links nucleotide metabolism to leukocyte telomere length. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 106, 389–404.] and OR = 2.59 per 1000 bp increase in LTL, 95% CI: 1.03, 6.52 using Taub et al. [Taub, M.A., Conomos, M.P., Keener, R., Iyer, K.R., Weinstock, J.S., Yanek, L.R., Lane, J., Miller-Fleming, T.W., Brody, J.A., Raffield, L.M. et al. (2022) Genetic determinants of telomere length from 109,122 ancestrally diverse whole-genome sequences in TOPMed. Cell Genom., 2.] genetic instruments). MR analyses further indicated an association between LTL and AML risk (PIVW ≤ 0.049) but not MDS (all PIVW ≥ 0.076). Findings suggest variation in genes relevant to telomere function and maintenance may be important in the etiology of AML but not MDS.
PpARF6 acts as an integrator of auxin and ethylene signaling to promote fruit ripening in peach
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Liu Yudi , Zhang Xian , Zheng Beibei , Han Yuepeng , Zhang Ruo-Xi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although auxin is known to induce ethylene biosynthesis in some Rosaceae fruit crops, the mechanisms underlying the auxin–ethylene interaction during fruit ripening remain largely unknown. Here, the regulatory role of an auxin response factor, PpARF6, in fruit ripening was investigated in peach. Peach fruits showed accelerated ripening after treatment with auxin and PpARF6 was found to be significantly induced. PpARF6 not only could induce ethylene synthesis by directly activating the transcription of ethylene biosynthetic genes, but also competed with EIN3-binding F-box proteins PpEBF1/2 for binding to ethylene-insensitive3-like proteins PpEIL2/3, thereby keeping PpEIL2/3 active. Moreover, PpARF6 showed an interaction with PpEIL2/3 to enhance the PpEIL2/3-activated transcription of ethylene biosynthetic genes. Additionally, ectopic overexpression of PpARF6 in tomato accelerated fruit ripening by promoting the expression of genes involved in ethylene synthesis and fruit texture. In summary, our results revealed a positive regulatory role of PpARF6 in peach fruit ripening via integrating auxin and ethylene signaling.
Predictors of Severity of Influenza-Related Hospitalizations: Results From the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN)
Authors: Cohen Lily E , Hansen Chelsea L , Andrew Melissa K , McNeil Shelly A , Vanhems Philippe , Kyncl Jan , Domingo Javier Díez , Zhang Tao , Dbaibo Ghassan , Laguna-Torres Victor Alberto , Draganescu Anca , Baumeister Elsa , Gomez Doris , Raboni Sonia M , Giamberardino Heloisa I G , Nunes Marta C , Burtseva Elena , Sominina Anna , Medić Snežana , Coulibaly Daouda , Salah Afif Ben , Otieno Nancy A , Koul Parvaiz A , Unal Serhat , Tanriover Mine Durusu , Mazur Marie , Bresee Joseph , Viboud Cecile , Chaves Sandra S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) has since 2012 provided patient-level data on severe influenza-like-illnesses from &gt;100 participating clinical sites worldwide based on a core protocol and consistent case definitions.

Methods
We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the risk of intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital death among hospitalized patients with influenza and explored the role of patient-level covariates and country income level.

Results
The data set included 73 121 patients hospitalized with respiratory illness in 22 countries, including 15 660 with laboratory-confirmed influenza. After adjusting for patient-level covariates we found a 7-fold increase in the risk of influenza-related intensive care unit admission in lower middle-income countries (LMICs), compared with high-income countries (P = .01). The risk of mechanical ventilation and in-hospital death also increased by 4-fold in LMICs, though these differences were not statistically significant. We also find that influenza mortality increased significantly with older age and number of comorbid conditions. Across all severity outcomes studied and after controlling for patient characteristics, infection with influenza A/H1N1pdm09 was more severe than with A/H3N2.

Conclusions
Our study provides new information on influenza severity in underresourced populations, particularly those in LMICs.
Antibacterial effect of seven days exposure to ceftolozane-tazobactam as monotherapy and in combination with fosfomycin or tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with ceftolozane-tazobactam MICs at or above 4 mg/l in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model
Authors: Attwood Marie , Griffin Pippa , Noel Alan R , Albur Maha , Macgowan Alasdair P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To use a pre-clinical pharmacokinetic infection model to assess the antibacterial effect of ceftolozane/tazobactam alone or in combination with fosfomycin or tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with MICs at or higher than the clinical breakpoint (MIC ≥ 4 mg/L).

Methods
An in vitro model was used to assess changes in bacterial load and population profiles after exposure to mean human serum concentrations of ceftolozane/tazobactam associated with doses of 2 g/1 g q8h, fosfomycin concentrations associated with doses of 8 g q8h or tobramycin at doses of 7 mg/kg q24 h over 168 h.

Results
Simulations of ceftolozane/tazobactam at 2 g/1 g q8h alone produced 3.5–4.5 log reductions in count by 6 h post drug exposure for strains with MIC ≤32 mg/L. The antibacterial effect over the first 24 h was related to ceftolozane/tazobactam MIC. There was subsequent regrowth with most strains to bacterial densities of &gt;106 CFU/mL. Addition of either fosfomycin or tobramycin resulted in suppression of regrowth and in the case of tobramycin more rapid initial bacterial killing up to 6 h. These effects could not be related to either fosfomycin or tobramycin MICs. Changes in population profiles were noted with ceftolozane/tazobactam alone often after 96 h exposure but such changes were suppressed by fosfomycin and almost abolished by the addition of tobramycin.

Conclusions
The addition of either fosfomycin or tobramycin to ceftolozane/tazobactam at simulated human clinically observed concentrations reduced P. aeruginosa bacterial loads and the risk of resistance to ceftolozane/tazobactam when strains had ceftolozane/tazobactam MIC values at or above the clinical breakpoint.
Exploring the views of infection consultants in England on a novel delinked funding model for antimicrobials: the SMASH study
Authors: Baltas Ioannis , Gilchrist Mark , Koutoumanou Eirini , Gibani Malick M , Meiring James E , Otu Akaninyene , Hettle David , Thompson Ameeka , Price James R , Crepet Anna , Atomode Abolaji , Crocker-Buque Timothy , Spinos Dimitrios , Guyver Hudson , Tausan Matija , Somasunderam Donald , Thoburn Maxwell , Chan Cathleen , Umpleby Helen , Sharp Bethany , Chivers Callum , Vaghela Devan Suresh , Shah Ronak J , Foster Jonathan , Hume Amy , Smith Christopher , Asif Ammara , Mermerelis Dimitrios , Reza Mohammad Abbas , Haigh Dominic A , Lamb Thomas , Karatzia Loucia , Bramley Alexandra , Kadam Nikhil , Kavallieros Konstantinos , Garcia-Arias Veronica , Democratis Jane , Waddington Claire S , Moore Luke S P , Aiken Alexander M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
A novel ‘subscription-type’ funding model was launched in England in July 2022 for ceftazidime/avibactam and cefiderocol. We explored the views of infection consultants on important aspects of the delinked antimicrobial funding model.

Methods
An online survey was sent to all infection consultants in NHS acute hospitals in England.

Results
The response rate was 31.2% (235/753). Most consultants agreed the model is a welcome development (69.8%, 164/235), will improve treatment of drug-resistant infections (68.5%, 161/235) and will stimulate research and development of new antimicrobials (57.9%, 136/235). Consultants disagreed that the model would lead to reduced carbapenem use and reported increased use of cefiderocol post-implementation. The presence of an antimicrobial pharmacy team, requirement for preauthorization by infection specialists, antimicrobial stewardship ward rounds and education of infection specialists were considered the most effective antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Under the new model, 42.1% (99/235) of consultants would use these antimicrobials empirically, if risk factors for antimicrobial resistance were present (previous infection, colonization, treatment failure with carbapenems, ward outbreak, recent admission to a high-prevalence setting).
Significantly higher insurance and diversity values were given to model antimicrobials compared with established treatments for carbapenem-resistant infections, while meropenem recorded the highest enablement value. Use of both ‘subscription-type’ model drugs for a wide range of infection sites was reported. Respondents prioritized ceftazidime/avibactam for infections by bacteria producing OXA-48 and KPC and cefiderocol for those producing MBLs and infections with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter spp. and Burkholderia cepacia.

Conclusions
The ‘subscription-type’ model was viewed favourably by infection consultants in England.
Multi-head de-noising autoencoder-based multi-task model for fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings under various speed conditions
Authors: Park Jongmin , Yoo Jinoh , Kim Taehyung , Ha Jong Moon , Youn Byeng D 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings (REBs), one type of essential mechanical element, has been actively researched; recent research has focused on the use of deep-learning-based approaches. However, conventional deep-learning-based fault-diagnosis approaches are vulnerable to various operating speeds, which greatly affect the vibration characteristics of the system studied. To solve this problem, previous deep-learning-based studies have usually been carried out by increasing the complexity of the model or diversifying the task of the model. Still, limitations remain because the reason of increasing complexity is unclear and the roles of multiple tasks are not well-defined. Therefore, this study proposes a multi-head de-noising autoencoder-based multi-task model for robust diagnosis of REBs under various speed conditions. The proposed model employs a multi-head de-noising autoencoder and multi-task learning strategy to robustly extract features under various speed conditions, while effectively disentangling the speed- and fault-related information. In this research, we evaluate the proposed method using the signals measured from bearing experiments under various speed conditions. The results of the evaluation study show that the proposed method outperformed conventional methods, especially when the training and test datasets have large discrepancies in their operating conditions.
Trihelix transcription factor SlGT31 regulates fruit ripening mediated by ethylene in tomato
Authors: Fu Mengjie , Li Fenfen , Zhou Shengen , Guo Pengyu , Chen Yanan , Xie Qiaoli , Chen Guoping , Hu Zongli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Trihelix proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that are classified as GT factors due to their binding specificity for GT elements, and they play crucial roles in development and stress responses. However, their involvement in fruit ripening and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remains largely unclear. In this study, we cloned SlGT31, encoding a trihelix protein in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and determined that its relative expression was significantly induced by the application of exogenous ethylene whereas it was repressed by the ethylene-inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene. Suppression of SlGT31 expression resulted in delayed fruit ripening, decreased accumulation of total carotenoids, and reduced ethylene content, together with inhibition of expression of genes related to ethylene and fruit ripening. Conversely, SlGT31-overexpression lines showed opposite results. Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays indicated that SlGT31 can bind to the promoters of two key ethylene-biosynthesis genes, ACO1 and ACS4. Taken together, our results indicate that SlGT31 might act as a positive modulator during fruit ripening.
“We’re tough, but so is quitting.” Barriers to Smoking Cessation: The Royal Malaysian Navy Perspective
Authors: Hashim Muhamad Arham bin , Ismail Ikmal Hisham bin , Md Sabri Budi Aslinie binti 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Tobacco kills half of its users. Despite this, there are over 1.1 billion smokers worldwide. Its harmful effects impair performance and readiness. Unfortunately, smoking has deeply ingrained in the military culture, as evidenced by the high prevalence. Hence, this study aims to identify the barriers to smoking cessation among this population.

Methods
A study involving two groups of current smokers (commissioned officers and non-commissioned officers) was conducted using the modified nominal group technique (mNGT), a qualitative research method of judgmental decision-making involving four phases: Generating ideas, recording, evaluation, and prioritization. The mNGT was used to solicit respondents’ barriers to smoking cessation.

Results
The mNGT yielded seven main barriers to smoking cessation: (1) Addiction, (2) difficulty in staying focused without the usage of cigarettes, (3) smoking has been incorporated into an individual’s lifestyle, (4) environmental influence, (5) coping mechanism, (6) the long-interval period between orders and duties exacerbates the desire to smoke, and (7) smoking has evolved into a permanent habit. Although nicotine addiction and habit were ranked as the most important barriers, the military working environment and nature of the job exposed them physically and mentally to unfavorable situations, complicating the quitting attempt. Furthermore, the acceptance of smoking in military culture leads to a positive smoker identity, further hindering cessation.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that in addition to barriers affecting the general population, military-specific barriers related to the nature of the job exist, complicating cessation. Hence, any intervention program should address these barriers to achieve positive outcomes.
Cigarette Smoking Among Veterans at High Risk for Suicide: Challenges and Opportunities for Intervention
Authors: Herbst Ellen , Hoggatt Katherine J , McCaslin Shannon 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Preventing suicide remains a top clinical priority of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). In 2019, U.S. military veterans experienced a suicide rate of 52.3% higher than non-Veteran U.S. adults. Cigarette smoking has been found to be independently associated with an elevated risk of suicidal ideation, attempts, plans, and deaths among veterans and non-veterans. However, tobacco use is frequently overlooked in suicide risk assessment and mitigation and is not yet a target for intervention in VA suicide prevention protocols. In this commentary, we recommend that cigarette smoking be considered in suicide risk assessment protocols and that tobacco cessation interventions be considered as a potential beneficial treatment intervention to reduce the risk of suicide. Given the public health threat of suicide among veterans, it is essential to elucidate promising areas of intervention for those at high risk of suicide. Cigarette smoking is a modifiable target, associated with suicide risk, for which there are evidence-based interventions. Therefore, tobacco use disorder identification and treatment should be considered for inclusion in VA suicide risk protocols.
Discovery of the shell structure via break radii in the outer halo of the Milky Way
Authors: Ye Dashuang , Du Cuihua , Shi Jianrong , Ma Jun 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Based on the Gaia DR3 RR Lyrae catalogue, we use two methods to fit the density profiles with an improved broken power law, and find that there are two break radii coinciding with the two apocentre pile-ups of high-eccentricity Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE) merger. Also, there is a break caused by the Sagittarius (Sgr) stream. Combining the positions of all breaks, we briefly analyse the metallicity and its dispersion as a function of r as well as its distribution in cylindrical coordinates. For the clean sample, the z−x ellipsoid axial ratio q in $36\, {\rm kpc}\, \lt \, r\, \lt \, 96\, {\rm kpc}$ becomes much smaller than that of the inner halo $(r\, \lt \, 36\, {\rm kpc})$, while the major axis has a large uncertainty in the region of $36-66\, {\rm kpc}$ and the one in the region of $66-96\, {\rm kpc}$ is obviously different from that dominated by the Hercules–Aquila Cloud (HAC) and the Virgo Overdensity (VOD) in the inner halo, which indicates that there is an over-density structure distributed at low-zenithal angles. Finally, we found that the over-density structure in the outer halo ($r\, \gt \, 50\, {\rm kpc}$) is shell-shaped and relatively metal-rich compared to the outer background halo. We conclude that the shells could be the apocentre pile-ups of the high-eccentricity GSE merger, which is supported by previous numerical simulations.