bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geopolitics of the Li‐ion battery value chain and the Lithium Triangle in South America
Authors: Sanchez‐Lopez Maria Daniela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change and the low‐carbon transition are drastically changing the energy paradigm. A critical aspect is the burgeoning demand for lithium‐ion batteries and the massive amount of minerals and metals that will be required to create them. How and where these resources will be extracted, transformed, and manufactured, involve contested geopolitical interests that are currently reshaping the global energy map. This article explores the geopolitical relations and interdependencies emerging in the lithium extraction and manufacturing of lithium‐ion batteries. It discusses the characteristics of the lithium‐ion battery supply value chain to argue that lithium is not just a strategic resource. It has become a material that is part of a much larger geopolitical energy transformation, with China emerging as the primary global force in terms of technology and battery manufacturing. The article then analyzes the governance frameworks of the South American salt flats of Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina, which show a heterogeneous panorama in terms of economic structures and business strategies. Both condition new forms of interdependencies with China in terms of business networks and market access.
Global treatment rate and barriers to direct‐acting antiviral therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 146 studies and 1 760 352 hepatitis C virus patients
Authors: Nguyen Vy H. , Huang Daniel Q. , Le Michael H. , Jin Michelle , Lee Eunice Y. , Henry Linda , Nerurkar Sanjna N. , Ogawa Eiichi , Thin Khin N. , Teng Margaret L. P. , Goh Kang S. , Kai Justin C. Y. , Wong Connie , Tan Darren J. H. , Thuy Le T. T. , Hai Hoang , Enomoto Masaru , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundGlobal data on the treatment rate with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are sparse. We aimed to evaluate the CHC treatment rate and barriers to treatment in the DAA era.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane from inception to 5 August 2021, for relevant articles. Patients treated with DAAs without interferon (IFN) therapy were categorized as IFN‐free DAAs. Patients receiving DAA with IFN or unclear IFN status were categorized as DAA/IFN.ResultsWe identified and analysed data from 146 studies (1 760 352 CHC patients). DAA/IFN treatment rate was 16.0% (95% CI: 9.9–23.3, 49 studies, 886 535 patients). IFN‐free DAA treatment rate was 52.3% (95% CI: 46.2–58.4, 123 studies, 1 276 754 patients): 45.4% in North America, 64.2% in South America (1 study), 90.4% in Africa (most data from Egypt), 54.4% in Europe, 60.7% in Australia and 60.5% in Asia, (p < .0001); 49% with hepatitis B co‐infection and 32.3% with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Treatment was not a priority in 22.8% of patients in Europe and 16.7% in Australia, compared to only 4.8% in North America and 2.1% in Asia (p < .0001). Poor adherence to clinical follow‐up was the cause of no treatment in 74.7% of patients in Australia, 37.0% in North America, 7.9% in Europe and 14.3% in Asia (p < .0001).ConclusionThough a marked improvement from IFN/DAA, the treatment rate with IFN‐free DAA remains suboptimal (52.3% overall, 32.3% in HCC patients). Non‐adherence to clinical follow‐up and lack of disease awareness were treatment barriers.
Supportive and collaborative interdependence: Distinguishing residents’ contributions within health care teams
Authors: Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Lingard Lorelei , Panza Michael , Van Hooren Tamara A. , Rassbach Caroline E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionIndividual assessments disregard team contributions, while team assessments disregard an individual's contributions. Interdependence has been put forth as a conceptual bridge between our educational traditions of assessing individual performance and our imminent challenge of assessing team‐based performance without losing sight of the individual. The purpose of this study was to develop a more refined conceptualisation of interdependence to inform the creation of measures that can assess the interdependence of residents within health care teams.MethodsFollowing a constructivist grounded theory approach, we conducted 49 semi‐structured interviews with various members of health care teams (e.g. physicians, nurses, pharmacists, social workers and patients) across two different clinical specialties—Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics—at two separate sites. Data collection and analysis occurred iteratively. Constant comparative inductive analysis was used, and coding consisted of three stages: initial, focused and theoretical.ResultsWe asked participants to reflect upon interdependence and describe how it exists in their clinical setting. All participants acknowledged the existence of interdependence, but they did not view it as part of a linear spectrum where interdependence becomes independence. Our analysis refined the conceptualisation of interdependence to include two types: supportive and collaborative. Supportive interdependence occurs within health care teams when one member demonstrates insufficient expertise to perform within their scope of practice. Collaborative interdependence, on the other hand, was not triggered by lack of experience/expertise within an individual's scope of practice, but rather recognition that patient care requires contributions from other team members.ConclusionIn order to assess a team's collective performance without losing sight of the individual, we need to capture interdependent performances and characterise the nature of such interdependence. Moving away from a linear trajectory where independence is seen as the end goal can also help support efforts to measure an individual's competence as an interdependent member of a health care team.
Metabolic surgery and oral health: A register‐based study
Authors: Marsk Richard , Freedman Freja , Yan Jacinth , Karlsson Lena , Sandborgh‐Englund Gunilla 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe impact of weight loss surgery on oral health is not clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate its impact on the risk for dental interventions.Materials and MethodsAll adults who underwent metabolic surgery in Sweden between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018 were identified in the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry (SOReg; n = 53,643). A control cohort from the general population was created, matched 10:1 on sex, age and place of residence (n = 536,430). All individuals were followed in the Swedish Dental Register regarding event rates for four types of dental intervention: restorative, endodontic and periodontal interventions, and tooth extractions.ResultsThe surgical cohort had increased interventional rates postoperatively regarding all studied outcomes except periodontal interventions. Dental interventions were more common in the surgical cohort both pre‐ and postoperatively. The difference between the groups increased markedly in the postoperative period. The between‐group comparison postoperatively showed increased event rates for restorations (IRR 1.8; 95% CI 1.7–1.8), extractions (1.9; 95% CI 1.9–2.0) and endodontics (2.1; 95% CI 2.0–2.1).ConclusionThe surgical intervention might cause a substantial negative impact on oral health. These results imply an important role for counselling metabolic surgery patients regarding preventive oral health measures.
Retrospective study of oral lesions biopsied in babies and toddlers
Authors: Rezende Karla Mayra , de Barros Gallo Camila , Nogueira Giovanna Pareja , Corraza Ana Carolina , Haddad Ana Estela , Gallottini Marina , Bönecker Marcelo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEpidemiological data on the distribution of oral and maxillofacial diseases present in early childhood are scarce in the literature. This study analyzed the frequency of lesions biopsied in this region in children aged 0 to 3 years and sent for histopathological analysis in a reference oral pathology laboratory . Histopathological diagnostic data, lesion location, sex, and age were collected. Of the total of 93,950 records, 250 cases (0.27%) belonged to the age group from 0 to 3 years old. The most frequently diagnosed oral alterations were: mucocele (34/250; 13.6%); papilloma (11/250; 4.4%), giant cell fibroma (6/250; 2.4%), pyogenic granuloma (5/250; 2%) and hemangioma (3/250; 1.2%). The lip was the most affected site, followed by the gingiva and the tongue. These results generate information on the lesions most frequently diagnosed in early childhood, which facilitates the process of diagnosis and, consequently, treatment.
Germinating seedlings and mature shoots of Cuscuta campestris respond differently to light stimuli during parasitism but not during circumnutation
Authors: Yokoyama Toshiya , Watanabe Akira , Asaoka Mariko , Nishitani Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSeedlings of the parasitic plant genus Cuscuta (dodder) locate hosts by circumnutation, coil around the host near soil level and form a haustorium, establishing a primary parasitism beneath the canopy. Mature shoots elongating from the parasitic region parasitize other hosts on the upper surfaces of their canopy. Although parasitism by dodder is stimulated by blue and far‐red light, and inhibited by red light, the responses to light signals during the developmental stages are not comprehensively understood. Therefore, we compared the effects of different types of light on both circumnutation and parasitism by germinating seedlings and mature shoots of Cuscuta campestris. Seedlings established parasitism under blue and far‐red light, but not under red light, as has been reported repeatedly. By contrast, mature shoots exhibited coiling around the host and haustoria formation even under a red light as well as under blue and far‐red light. These findings indicate that C. campestris modified its response to red light during the transition from young seedlings to mature shoots, facilitating parasitism. Light quality did not affect the circumnutation of either seedlings or mature shoots, indicating that circumnutation and the coiling movement that leads to parasitism were regulated by different environmental signals.
A New Method to Easily Assess Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal Activity of Ultraviolet Radiation Using Quantitative Image Analysis
Authors: Sandri Angela , Lleò Maria M. , Bontempi Pietro , Boschi Federico 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) radiation can elicit both bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity depending on light parameters and targeted bacteria. Current methods based on bacterial growth on solid medium allow measurement of only bactericidal but not bacteriostatic activity, while liquid cultures exhibit low light penetration. Here, we propose a method to quantify both bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of radiation based on (a) bacterial cultures on solid medium, (b) acquisition and quantitative analysis of photographic images of plates containing bacterial colonies, (c) application of two mathematical equations to evaluate bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity. The proposed method considers the differences in growth on test and control (unexposed) plates. The measurements performed on the plates image are the independent variables of the mathematical equations returning the values of bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity. Experimentally, a test was performed using Escherichia coli grown on a solid medium and exposed to UVA (365 nm) radiation. The standard method allowed quantifying bactericidal activity and evaluating only qualitatively bacteriostatic activity of the radiation. Differently, the new method here proposed allowed quantification of both activities. The proposed method proved to be simple, enabling deep assessment of the antibacterial effects of UV radiation directly on the solid medium through image acquisition and analysis.
Examining soil organic carbon in the mountainous peat swamps of the Zoigê Plateau in China's Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Zhao Cheng‐Zhang , Bai Xuqian , Li Qun , Ma Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMountainous peatlands are one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems for carbon storage and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. An insight into the carbon cycle of peat swamps located in mountainous regions can be obtained by studying the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its relationships with environmental factors. This study focused on the development conditions of peat swamps in the Gahai wetlands, located on the Zoigê Plateau, China, with four different altitudinal gradients as experimental sample sites. The distribution of SOC and its relationship with environmental factors were analysed through vegetation surveys and a generalized additive model (GAM). The results show that with increasing altitude, soil temperature decreased while the soil pH and bulk density initially decreased then increased. On the contrary, the topographic wetness index (TWI), SOC content, above‐ground biomass and litter count initially increased then decreased. The SOC content of the 0–30 cm soil layer was in the range 226–330 g·kg−1 (coefficient of variation (CV) = 21.4%), and the 30–60 cm layer was 178–257 g·kg−1 (CV = 17.5%) and was significantly correlated (p < .05) with above‐ground biomass and litter count. Meanwhile, the SOC content in the 60–90 cm soil layer was in the range 132–167 g·kg−1 (CV = 9.2%) with a significant correlation (p < .05) with soil temperature, pH, bulk density and topographic moisture index. The study showed that the SOC content exhibited more pronounced spatial patterns with increasing altitude, with the peak value in the shallow soil layer appearing in lower elevation areas compared with the deep soil layer. The level of variation changed from medium to low, reflecting the stable mechanism for maintaining SOC within the heterogeneous peat swamp environment.
No short polynomials vanish on bounded rank matrices
Authors: Draisma Jan , Kahle Thomas , Wiersig Finn 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe show that the shortest non‐zero polynomials vanishing on bounded‐rank matrices and skew‐symmetric matrices are the determinants and Pfaffians characterising the rank. Algebraically, this means that in the ideal generated by all ‐minors or ‐Pfaffians of a generic matrix or skew‐symmetric matrix, one cannot find any polynomial with fewer terms than those determinants or Pfaffians, respectively, and that those determinants and Pfaffians are essentially the only polynomials in the ideal with that many terms. As a key tool of independent interest, we show that the ideal of a very general ‐dimensional subspace of an affine ‐space does not contain polynomials with fewer than terms.
Evaluation of Resonance Frequency and Micromotion to Achieve Implant Stability Using Vibroacoustic Resonance Frequency Analysis: A Mathematical Model
Authors: Khened Vineet , Dhok Kanad , Pradhan Mahesh , Dhatrak Pankaj 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDental implants are surgically implanted into the patient's jaw to replace a missing tooth. The implant should have adequate time to integrate with bone before being subjected to masticatory force to avoid early failure. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is one of the approaches for determining an implant system's primary stability in terms of micromotion. This research aims to create a two degrees-of-freedom (DOF) mathematical model for dental prostheses based on the vibroacoustic RFA approach. In vibroacoustic system, a loudspeaker or buzzer is used as an input and the displacement of implant is measured using RFA. A sinusoidal force is used which produces a combination of translational and rotational motion of the implant system. While adjusting the input frequency from 4000 to 12,000 Hz, is used with the help of matlab which later computes the implant system's subsequent micromotion and resonance frequency. matlab is used to visualize the resonance frequency, which is 6658.38 Hz in case of rotational motion and 8138 Hz in translational motion. The micromotion was 1.2692 × 10−11 m in case of translational motion and 6.91088 × 10−9 radians in case of rotational motion. When there is less micromotion, a higher resonance frequency suggests more excellent osseointegration. For the evaluation of implant stability, a mathematical model is a primary approach that can be implemented to design a stability device using vibroacoustic RFA.
Evaluation of Soft Mist Inhaler Aerosol Velocity, Size, and Deposition Inside the Mouth—A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Sadeghi Taha , Pakzad Leila , Fatehi Pedram 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRespiratory diseases debilitate more than 250 million people around the world. Among available inhalation devices, the soft mist inhaler (SMI) is the most efficient at delivering drugs to ease respiratory disease symptoms. In this study, we analyzed the SMI performance in terms of the aerosol's velocity profiles, flow pattern, size distribution, and deposition by employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. We modeled two different simplified mouth geometries, idealized mouth (IM), and standard mouth (SM). Three different locations (x = 0, x = 5, and x = 10 mm) for the SMI nozzle orifice were chosen along the mouth cavity centerlines, followed by two different SMI nozzle angles (10 deg and 20 deg) for IM geometry. A flowrate of 30 L/min was applied. The simulation results were evaluated against experimental data. It was found that the SMI could be simulated successfully with a level of error of less than 10%. The inhalation flowrate significantly impacted the aerosol's velocity profile and deposition efficiency on both the IM and SM walls. The lowest particle deposition on the mouth wall occurred when a fixed flowrate (30 L/min) was applied inside both geometries, and the SMI nozzle position moved forward to x = 10 mm from the IM and SM inlets. An increase in the SMI nozzle angle increased particle deposition and decreased the deposition fraction for particles with a diameter above 5 μm inside the IM.
Mechanical Erosion Investigation in Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle Through Droplet Breakup and Surface Tension Influence
Authors: Abousabae Mohamed , Amano Ryoichi S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractErosion prediction of the solid propellent nozzle is vital for its design process. This erosion is caused by the impingement of agglomerated aluminum/aluminum oxide particles on the nozzle walls. Thus, a multi-phase numerical model is established based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach to model the aluminum particles burning inside the combustion chamber and simulate the mechanical erosion of the nozzle. The numerical model is validated against numerical and experimental results from the literature. Then it is simplified by eliminating the aluminum particles burning process as they do not reach the nozzle. The simplified model will be further used in modeling the agglomerates’ breakup and predicting the mechanical erosion for aluminum particles with lower surface tension. The results showed that applying the Reitz–Diwakar breakup model reduces the erosion rate by 6.2–24% depending on the injected droplets. In addition, it was found that a decrease in the erosion rate by 1–4.5% can be achieved by reducing the aluminum additive’s surface tension by 15%.
Multiclass Reinforced Active Learning for Droplet Pinch-Off Behaviors Identification in Inkjet Printing
Authors: Li Zebin , Segura Luis Javier , Li Yifu , Zhou Chi , Sun Hongyue 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Inkjet printing (IJP) is one of the promising additive manufacturing techniques that yield many innovations in electronic and biomedical products. In IJP, the products are fabricated by depositing droplets on substrates, and the quality of the products is highly affected by the droplet pinch-off behaviors. Therefore, identifying pinch-off behaviors of droplets is critical. However, annotating the pinch-off behaviors is burdensome since a large amount of images of pinch-off behaviors can be collected. Active learning (AL) is a machine learning technique which extracts human knowledge by iteratively acquiring human annotation and updating the classification model for the pinch-off behaviors identification. Consequently, a good classification performance can be achieved with limited labels. However, during the query process, the most informative instances (i.e., images) are varying and most query strategies in AL cannot handle these dynamics since they are handcrafted. Thus, this paper proposes a multiclass reinforced active learning (MCRAL) framework in which a query strategy is trained by reinforcement learning (RL). We designed a unique intrinsic reward signal to improve the classification model performance. Moreover, how to extract the features from images for pinch-off behavior identification is not trivial. Thus, we used a graph convolutional network for droplet image feature extraction. The results show that MCRAL excels AL and can reduce human efforts in pinch-off behavior identification. We further demonstrated that, by linking the process parameters to the predicted droplet pinch-off behaviors, the droplet pinch-off behavior can be adjusted based on MCRAL.
Implementation of Precision Machine Tool Thermal Error Compensation in Edge-Cloud-Fog Computing Architecture
Authors: Zhang Lin , Ma Chi , Liu Jialan , Gui Hongquan , Wang Shilong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The implementation of precision machine tool thermal error compensation in edge-cloud-fog computing architecture has the potential to control the thermal error. However, the challenges faced by the successful implementation are described as follows: The data collection and transfer efficiency are low, and the control accuracy is not deficient. To address these challenges, a hardware design scheme is proposed for the high-performance intelligent gateway node based on the low-power processor architecture of ARM Cortex-A7. Moreover, a new transformer-improved-gate long short-term memory model is proposed, and then it is embedded into edge-cloud-fog computing architecture. With the implementation of gear profile grinding machine thermal error compensation in edge-cloud-fog computing architecture, the maximum values of the tooth profile tilt deviation are reduced from 17.4 μm to 5.4 μm and from 17.9 μm to 5.8 μm for the left and right tooth flanks, respectively. Moreover, the maximum values of the tooth profile deviation are reduced from 18.9 μm to 6.1 μm and from 18.2 μm to 5.8 μm for the left and right tooth flanks, respectively. Compared with the traditional collection mode, the response delay of the designed intelligent gateway in the acquisition mode is reduced by 40%.
Physical Activity Para Report Card for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities in Lithuania
Authors: Pozeriene Jurate , Emeljanovas Arūnas , Ostaseviciene Vida , Skucas Kestutis , Bradauskiene Kristina , Mizeras Renatas , Packeviciute Ausrine , Venckuniene Kristina , Pokvytyte Vaida , Reklaitiene Diana , Ng Kwok 
Published: February 2023

Despite the recognized benefits of physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents with disabilities (CAWD), collective information on this is lacking in Lithuania. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current “state of the nation” PA levels of CAWD, based on the 10 indicators from the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance Global Matrix 4.0 methodology. Scientific articles, practical reports, and published theses related to the 10 indicators from the Global Matrix 4.0 on CAWD age 6–19 years were reviewed, and data were converted to grades from A to F. (A) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis was carried out to interpret the grades by four experts. Data on organized sport participation (F), school (D), community & environment (D), and government (C) were available. Data on other indicators are largely missing yet are needed for policymakers and researchers to be aware of the current state of PA among CAWD.