bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regolith Inhibits Salt and Ice Crystallization in Mg(ClO4)2 Brine, Implying More Persistent and Potentially Habitable Brines on Mars
Authors: Shumway Andrew O. , Catling David C. , Toner Jonathan D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
On Mars, liquid water may form in regolith when perchlorate salts absorb water vapor and dissolve into brine, or when ice-salt mixtures reach their melting temperature and thaw. Brines created in this way can chemically react with minerals, alter the mechanical properties of regolith, mobilize salts in the soil, and potentially create habitable environments. Although Martian brines would exist in contact with regolith, few studies have investigated how regolith alters the formation and stability of brines at Mars-relevant conditions. To fill this gap, we studied magnesium perchlorate brine in a Martian regolith simulant at salt concentrations up to 5.8 wt.%. We measured the water mass fraction and water activity between 3 and 98% relative humidity at 25 °C using the isopiestic method, and monitored salt and ice crystallization between −150 °C and 20 °C with differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that regolith inhibits salt and ice crystallization, allowing water to form and persist at much colder and drier conditions than pure brine. Remarkably, in several samples, neither salt nor ice crystallized at any conditions. These results suggest that brines could exist in regolith for longer periods of the Martian year than previously thought, and could persist indefinitely under certain conditions. By retaining water, inhibiting salt and ice crystallization, and maintaining habitable water activity, briny regolith may be a more favorable environment for life than pure brine alone. These findings indicate the critical importance of brine–regolith interactions for understanding the properties, evolution, and potential habitability of Mars’s surface.
A new cave-dwelling spider of the genus Speleoticus (Araneae, Nesticidae) from Sichuan, China
Authors: Yang Weicheng , He Lianfeng , Yu Hao , Lin Yucheng 
Published: August 2023

Speleoticus Ballarin & Li, 2016 is a relatively small spider genus of the family Nesticidae, currently including five cave-dwelling species, distributed exclusively in East Asia, four of which are known from China.
A new troglobitic spider of the genus Speleoticus from the limestone Cave Hanwang Dong, north-eastern Sichuan, China, is described under the name of S. hei Yu & Lin, sp. n. Detailed descriptions, photographs and a distribution map of the new species are provided.
Evaluation of Multidisciplinary Treatment Relationship between Orthodontics and Periodontology Departments by Examining Inter-Departmental Consultation Notes
Authors: Kurem I , Topsakal U , Ozturk T 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the multidisciplinary treatment relationship between the two specialties of Dentistry, Departments of Periodontology and Orthodontics, by examining consultation request notes between the two departments.

Materials and Methods:
The consultation request notes of 1685 patients who were treated at Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry were included in the study. All notes were analyzed retrospectively and divided into categories. While the consultation request notes of 446 patients from the Department of Periodontology (DP) to the Department of Orthodontics (DO) were evaluated, the consultation request notes of 1239 patients from DO to DP were evaluated. Pearson's Chi-Squared test was used in the cloud-based TURCOSA statistical software for the statistical analysis of the obtained data.

Results:
The highest number of requests for consultation from DP to DO was due to “Evaluation of the patient for orthodontic treatment (n = 203; 45.5%),” and the highest number of requests from DO to DP was “Gingival/Periodontal Treatment and Providing Motivation of Oral Hygiene (n = 558; 45.0%)“. It was observed that most patients for whom consultation was requested were women (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This study determined the most common reasons for consultation requests between DP and DO and the sex which was the most prevalent. It was concluded that requests were made for the expertise of the other department for problems that could not be solved by the first department.
Evaluation of Dual Trigger with Combination of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in İmproving Oocyte-Follicle Ratio in Normo-Responder Patients
Authors: Gurbuz AS , Deveer R , Gode F 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Our aim was to compare the efficacy of two triggering method one with dual triggering with gonadotropin-realising hormon (GnRH) agonist plus standard dosage human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and the other with hCG only for final oocyte maturation on oocyte/follicle ratio and pregnancy rates in normoresponders in GnRH antagonist cycles in invitro fertilization-intrastoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI).

Material Methods:
In this retrospective study, all patients underwent GnRH antagonist protocol. When at least ≥3 follicles reached ≥17 mm diameter, 116 patients received dual trigger with GnRH agonist plus hCG (1mg Leuprolide acetate plus 10.000 IU uhCG) and 178 patients received uhCG (10.000 IU u hCG) for final oocyte maturation. All follicles ≥10 mm diameter were aspirated. Number of oocytes and metaphase II oocytes retrieved per aspirated follicles, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was recorded.

Results:
There was no statistically significant difference in terms of metaphase II oocyte ratio per aspirated follicle, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate between the dual trigger group and hCG only group (45.7% vs. 51%; 35.4% vs.30.3% and 45%vs. 40% respectively). Oocyte/ follicle ratio was significantly higher in dual trigger group (68.2%vs 63.8% p=0,028).

Conclusions:
Dual triggering in normal responders with a GnRH-agonist and a standard dosage of hCG is superior to hCG only protocol in terms of oocyte/follicle ratio but does not improve metaphase II oocyte, implantation and clinical pregnancy rates in GnRH-antagonist cycles. Dual triggering method may be beneficial in patients with immature oocytes and emty follicle syndrome.
Etiologic Investigation of Patients Diagnosed with Bacteriologically Unconfirmed Tuberculosis in Tanzania
Authors: Maze Michael J. , Nyakunga Gissela , Sakasaka Philoteus A. , Kilonzo Kajiru G. , Luhwago Elisha , Chelangwa Manase , Crump John A. , Kisonga Riziki M. , Madut Deng B. , Rogath Josephine , Sadiq Adnan , Thiessen Rennae , Rubach Matthew P. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
Globally, half of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are diagnosed clinically without bacteriologic confirmation. In clinically diagnosed PTB patients, we assessed both the proportion in whom PTB could be bacteriologically confirmed by reference standard diagnostic tests and the prevalence of diseases that mimic PTB. We recruited adult patients beginning treatment of bacteriologically unconfirmed PTB in Moshi, Tanzania, in 2019. We performed mycobacterial smear, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and mycobacterial culture, fungal culture, and bacterial culture on two induced sputum samples: fungal serology and computed tomography chest scans. We followed participants for 2 months after enrollment. We enrolled 36 (63%) of 57 patients with bacteriologically unconfirmed PTB. The median (interquartile range) age was 55 (44–67) years. Six (17%) were HIV infected. We bacteriologically confirmed PTB in 2 (6%). We identified pneumonia in 11 of 23 (48%), bronchiectasis in 8 of 23 (35%), interstitial lung disease in 5 of 23 (22%), pleural collections in 5 of 23 (22%), lung malignancy in 1 of 23 (4%), and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in 1 of 35 (3%). After 2 months, 4 (11%) were dead, 21 (58%) had persistent symptoms, 6 (17%) had recovered, and 5 (14%) were uncontactable. PTB could be bacteriologically confirmed in few patients with clinically diagnosed PTB and clinical outcomes were poor, suggesting that many did not have the disease. We identified a high prevalence of diseases other than tuberculosis that might be responsible for symptoms.
Heterogeneity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Circulating in Panama’s Western Region
Authors: Acosta Fermin , Saldaña Ricardo , Miranda Sara , Candanedo Daniela , Sambrano Dilcia , Morán Mitchelle , Bejarano Saily , De Arriba Yeraldine , Reigosa Angel , De Dixon Elizabeth , Atencio María , Castillo Ramón , Goodridge Amador 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
Tuberculosis remains a challenge in both rural and urban areas. Although a majority of countries display a higher burden in urban areas compared with rural areas, Panama continues to report the highest mortality rate in Central America. Urban areas, such as Panama City, report a high tuberculosis burden, whereas Panama’s western region, including the provinces of Chiriquí, Bocas del Toro (both semiurban) and Ngäbe-Bugle (rural), show a lower burden. We aimed to identify highly transmitted Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains within rural and semiurban settings of Panama’s western region during a 3-year period (2017, 2019, 2021). We randomly selected 87 M. tuberculosis isolates from a biobank from Panama’s western region and analyzed them using allele-specific oligonucleotide polymerase chain reaction and 24-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR). Our results show only 11.7% (10/85) of M. tuberculosis strains identified as prevalent A-Beijing, B-Haarlem, or C-LAM Strains. We found a low prevalence of A, B, and C M. tuberculosis strains in both rural and semirural settings compared with isolates collected from the Eastern Colon Province. MIRU-VNTR genotyping revealed a high degree of diversity with no clusters with single loci variation of ≥ 2 loci. These results support the notion that tuberculosis prevalence in the rural and semiurban western region of Panama are not due to previously described highly transmitted strains but is influenced instead by other health determinants, including poor health system access and a lack of systematic transmission chain monitoring. For remote rural and semiurban settings, we recommend allocating resources to reinforce efforts to prevent tuberculosis spread.
Low Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Children in the States of Chhattisgarh and Himachal Pradesh, India, 2018
Authors: Campbell Suzy J. , Shanmugasundaram Devika , Ganguly Sandipan , Sehgal Rakesh , Karmakar Sumallya , Sanga Prerna , Stephen Hannah Nirmala , Kaur Hargobinder , Kihara Jimmy , Minnery Mark , Nath Srabani , Sen Shrabanti , Bundy Donald A. , Mishra Neeraj , Batra Gunjan , Shah Hemang , Balasubramaniam Sudharsunam , Dutta Shanta , Khera Ajay , Murhekar Manoj 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
Large-scale impact assessments of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) programs are essential for determining the frequency of mass drug administration (MDA). In baseline surveys, the prevalence of STHs in the Indian States of Chhattisgarh and Himachal Pradesh was 80.2% in 2015 and 29.0% in 2016, respectively. In 2018, we estimated the prevalence and intensity of STHs after six rounds of biannual MDA in Chhattisgarh and annual MDA in Himachal Pradesh. We conducted multistage cluster sampling surveys in preschool-age children (PSAC), school-age children (SAC), and adolescent cohorts. Stool samples from 3,033 respondents (PSAC, n = 625; SAC, n = 1,363; adolescents, n = 1,045) in Chhattisgarh and 942 respondents (PSAC, n = 192; SAC, n = 388; adolescents, n = 362) in Himachal Pradesh were examined for presence of STH infection using the Kato-Katz method. The overall cluster-adjusted prevalence in Chhattisgarh was 11.6% among all age groups (95% CI, 5.6–22.4)—an 85.5% reduction in the prevalence since 2015. Prevalence was not significantly different across cohorts (PSAC, 11.0% [95% CI, 5.0–22.6]; SAC, 10.9% [95% CI, 5.2–21.6]; adolescents, 12.8% [95% CI, 6.2–24.5]). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common helminth, with most infections of light intensity. In Himachal Pradesh, only three STH infections were detected in 2018, resulting in a cluster-adjusted prevalence of 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1–1.7)—a 99.0% reduction in prevalence since 2016. All infections were of light intensity. Both states showed substantial improvements in socioeconomic and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators since the baseline surveys. Extensive reductions in prevalence and intensity are linked to sustained, high deworming coverage, as well as socioeconomic WASH indicators.
Case Report: Relapsing Leptospirosis in an Immunocompromised Host
Authors: Prasad Ritika , Narsana Niyati K. , Ajayi Antonette A. , Wang Hannah , Patel Jayna , Ho Dora Y. , Banaei Niaz , Blackburn Brian G. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
Leptospirosis is typically a self-limited febrile illness; when it occurs, meningitis usually develops early in the course. Here, we describe a patient who had engaged in freshwater activities in Kauai that was immunocompromised due to a history of mantle cell lymphoma, autologous hematopoietic cell transplant, and hypogammaglobulinemia. He developed leptospiral meningoencephalitis 11 weeks after illness onset and persistently detectable Leptospira DNA in blood and cerebrospinal fluid along with ongoing clinical illness, despite appropriate treatment.
Perceptions Associated with Noncompliance to Community-Wide Mass Drug Administration for Soil-Transmitted Helminths
Authors: Sindhu Kulandaipalayam Natarajan , Aruldas Kumudha , Kaliappan Saravanakumar Puthupalayam , Mahendran Elavarasan , Walson Judd L. , Means Arianna Rubin , Ajjampur Sitara Swarna Rao 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
Mass drug administration (MDA) is a key strategy for the control of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Within MDA programs, poor and non-random compliance threaten successful control of STHs. A case-control study was conducted comparing perceptions among non-compliant participants with compliant participants during a community-wide MDA (cMDA) with albendazole in southern India. Common reasons cited for non-compliance were that the individual was not infected with STH (97.4%), the perception that he/she was healthy (91%), fear of side-effects (12.8%), and dislike of consuming tablets (10.3%). Noncompliance was associated with poor awareness of intestinal worms (odds ratio [OR]: 9.63, 95% CI: 2.11–43.84), the perception that cMDA was only required for those with worms (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.06–4.36), and the perception that the drug is not safe during pregnancy (OR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.18–4.07) or when on concomitant medications (OR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.38–7.15). Understanding of perceptions driving noncompliance can provide valuable insights to optimize participation during MDA for STHs.
Preferences of Patients and Providers in High-Burden Malaria Settings for Long-Acting Malaria Chemoprevention
Authors: Scarsi Kimberly K. , Sayles Harlan , Kapungu Kelvin , Sifuna Peter , Ippolito Matthew M. , Furl Renae , Anderson Matthew J. , Ofimboudem Joelle Dountio , Chongwe Gershom , Hutter Jack , Rannard Steven P. , Owen Andrew , Swindells Susan 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
Antimalarial medications are recommended for chemoprevention as part of malaria control programs to decrease the morbidity and mortality related to more than 200 million infections each year. We sought to evaluate patient and provider acceptability of malaria chemoprevention in a long-acting formulation. We administered questionnaires to patients and providers in malaria endemic districts in Kenya and Zambia. Questions explored preferences and concerns around long-acting antimalarial formulations compared with oral formulations. We recruited 202 patient respondents (Kenya, n = 102; Zambia, n = 100) and 215 provider respondents (Kenya, n = 105; Zambia, n = 110). Long-acting injection was preferred to oral pills, whereas oral pills were preferred to implant or transdermal administration by patient respondents. Of 202 patient respondents, 80% indicated that they ‘definitely would try’ malaria chemoprevention offered by injection instead of oral pills. Of parents or guardians, 84% of 113 responded that they ‘definitely would’ have their child age < 12 years and 90% of 88 ‘definitely would’ have their child ≥12 years receive an injection for malaria prevention. Provider respondents indicated that they would be more likely to prescribe a long-acting injectable product compared with an oral product for malaria chemoprevention in adults (70%), adolescents ages 12 years and older (67%), and children <12 years (81%). Potential for prolonged adverse effects with long-acting products was the highest concern for patient respondents, while higher medication-related cost was cited as the most concerning barrier to implementation by providers. Overall, these findings indicate enthusiasm for the development of long-acting injectable antimalarials to provide individual delivery method options across age groups.
Severe Hemolysis during Primaquine Radical Cure of Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Two Systematic Reviews and Individual Patient Data Descriptive Analyses
Authors: Yilma Daniel , Groves Emily S. , Brito-Sousa Jose Diego , Monteiro Wuelton M. , Chu Cindy , Thriemer Kamala , Commons Robert J. , Lacerda Marcus V. G. , Price Ric N. , Douglas Nicholas M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT.
Primaquine (PQ) kills Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites but can cause severe hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. We conducted two systematic reviews. The first used data from clinical trials to determine the variety of definitions and frequency of hematological serious adverse events (SAEs) related to PQ treatment of vivax malaria. The second used data from prospective studies and case reports to describe the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of severe PQ-associated hemolysis necessitating hospitalization. In the first review, SAEs were reported in 70 of 249 clinical trials. There were 34 hematological SAEs among 9,824 patients with P. vivax malaria treated with PQ, nine of which necessitated hospitalization or blood transfusion. Criteria used to define SAEs were diverse. In the second review, 21 of 8,487 articles screened reported 163 patients hospitalized after PQ radical cure; 79.9% of whom (123 of 154) were prescribed PQ at ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/day. Overall, 101 patients were categorized as having probable or possible severe PQ-associated hemolysis, 96.8% of whom were G6PD deficient (< 30% activity). The first symptoms of hemolysis were reported primarily on day 2 or 3 (45.5%), and all patients were hospitalized within 7 days of PQ commencement. A total of 57.9% of patients (77 of 133) had blood transfusion. Seven patients (6.9%) with probable or possible hemolysis died. Even when G6PD testing is available, enhanced monitoring for hemolysis is warranted after PQ treatment. Clinical review within the first 5 days of treatment may facilitate early detection and management of hemolysis. More robust definitions of severe PQ-associated hemolysis are required.
Mr. Feige, I don’t feel so good … Copyright ownership, creators’ rights, and the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Authors: Dixon Alicia 
Published: August 2023

The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing franchise of all time. What happens when the creators of some of the characters that have made Earth’s Mightiest Heroes such an onscreen success attempt to reclaim their ownership of those characters? This article discusses the relationship of the MCU to copyright disputes in phases.
First, the history of copyright contests over Marvel characters is discussed, starting with the licensing disputes surrounding the 1998 film Blade. Former attempts by creators to reclaim ownership of their comic book characters are then analysed and compared to the current claims for ownership of MCU characters. The article then speculates on the possible effects of character ownership becoming split in the MCU and suggests ways that the MCU might move forward by taking an approach to shared character ownership informed by past Marvel licensing and character agreements.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ANIMASI TIGA DIMENSI DENGAN METODE DISCOVERY LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI SISWA SMP
Authors: Khairunnissah Khairunnissah , Utami Sintowati Rini , Suhartini Suhartini 
Published: August 2023

This study aims to improve the writing skills of description text using Discovery Learning Method through Three-Dimensional Animation media for students of class VII G SMP Negeri 7 Jakarta. The subjects in this study consisted of 30 students. This research consisted of three cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, questionnaires, interviews, tests, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques supported by quantitative data. The results of this study indicate that students of class VII G have the ability based on the results of learning activities and student scores. Thus, the application of Discovery Learning method through Three-Dimensional Animation media has been designed and used to improve description text writing skills in detailing objects. The increase obtained from the pre-cycle stage to cycle 3 with an average of 66.87 pre-cycle, 71.83 cycle 1, 77.87 cycle 2 and 86.57 cycle 3. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Discovery Learning Method through Three-Dimensional Animation Media can improve the ability to write description texts in class VII G students of SMP Negeri 7 Jakarta.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan menulis teks deskripsi dengan Metode Discovery Learning melalui Media Animasi Tiga Dimensi pada siswa kelas VII G SMP Negeri 7 Jakarta. Subjek pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 30 siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas VII G memiliki kemampuan berdasarkan hasil aktivitas belajar dan nilai siswa. Dengan demikian, penerapan Metode Discovery Learning melalui media Animasi Tiga Dimensi telah dirancang dan digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks deskripsi dalam merincikan objek secara detil. Adapun peningkatan yang diperoleh mulai dari tahap prasiklus hingga siklus 3 dengan rata-rata prasiklus 66,87, siklus 1 71,83, siklus 2 77,87 dan siklus 3 86,57. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpukan bahwa Metode Discovery Learning melalui Media Animasi Tiga Dimensi dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis teks deskripsi pada siswa kelas VII G SMP Negeri 7 Jakarta.
Formas de relación intergeneracional que potencializan la neuroplasticidad en extremos de la vida
Authors: Lemus Mayra Nineth 
Published: August 2023

PROBLEMA: alrededor del mundo el adulto mayor al convertirse en abuelo desarrolla un vínculo intergeneracional en la familia, según estudios favorece su capacidad afectiva cognitiva y social. Por ello se pretende determinar las formas de relaciones intergeneracionales que potencializan la neuroplasticidad en el adulto mayor. OBJETIVO: determinar los beneficios de relaciones intergeneracionales que potencian la neuroplasticidad en el adulto mayor. MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo a 81 adultos mayores (abuelos) en el municipio de Asunción Mita, Jutiapa. RESULTADOS: se demostró el rango etario más frecuente fue de 60 a 70 años de edad con un 55.6% (N=45), encontrando el género femenino como predominante en un 69.1% (N=56), su estado civil casadas con un 53.1% (N=43) se estableció que los beneficios de las relaciones que obtienen los adultos mayores de los nietos son las visitas frecuentes, la comunicación y la relación afectiva es positiva, en cuanto a las competencias emocionales un 97.5% (N=72) cumplen sus funciones como abuelos CONCLUSIÓN: en la escala de factores socioemocionales evaluada el factor con mayor predominancia fue el sentirse un buen abuelo con un 97.5% siendo un factor protector.