bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors That May Influence Americans’ Views on When Children Should Start Playing Tackle Football
Authors: Waltzman Dana , Sarmiento Kelly , Daugherty Jill 
Published: July 2023

ContextAmerican football is associated with the largest number of emergency department visits for pediatric sport-related traumatic brain injury, including concussions. Tackling is responsible for almost two-thirds of football concussions. Some have recommended implementing age restrictions on tackling in youth football.ObjectiveTo determine whether the public would support age restrictions and the factors that may drive such support.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSummer wave of Porter Novelli’s 2020 US ConsumerStyles survey.ParticipantsA total of 4053 adults.Main Outcome Measure(s)Respondents answered questions about a good age for children to start playing tackle football, past football playing history, concerns about safety, and the benefits and risks of playing football.ResultsMost respondents believed that middle (32.8%) or high (27.8%) school was a good age to start playing tackle football. About 1 in 5 (19.8%) respondents reported that children should never play tackle football. Certain groups of individuals were more likely to support children starting to play tackle football at high school age or above or to say that they should never play tackle football, including those with a bachelor’s degree or higher (rate ratio [RR]HS+ = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.76; RRNEVER = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.93, 3.78), those who did not have children under 18 (RRHS+ = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.26, 1.90; RRNEVER = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.14, 2.07), those who were not football fans (RRNEVER = 3.07, 95% CI = 2.32, 4.06), and those who were very (RRHS+ = 3.94, 95% CI = 2.87, 5.42; RRNEVER = 11.52, 95% CI = 7.32, 18.15) or somewhat (RRHS+ = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.41, 2.52) concerned about the safety of children.ConclusionDespite acknowledging the benefits of playing football, many adults expressed concern about safety and endorsed high school age and older or never as a good age to start playing tackle football, highlighting a disconnect with current football program practices regarding age.
Epidemiology of Bone-Stress Injuries and Health Care Use in Pac-12 Cross-Country Athletes
Authors: Wayner Robert Aaron , Brown Crowell Cathleen N. , Bovbjerg Viktor , Federicson Michael , Soucy Michael , Choe SeokJae , Simon Janet E. 
Published: July 2023

ContextBone-stress injury (BSI) is common in collegiate athletes. Injury rates and health care use in running athletes are not well documented.ObjectiveTo describe the rate and classification of injury and associated health care use in collegiate cross-country runners with BSI.DesignDescriptive epidemiology study.SettingSports medicine facilities participating in the Pac-12 Health Analytics Program.Patients or Other ParticipantsPac-12 Conference collegiate cross-country athletes.Main Outcome Measure(s)Counts of injury and health care resources used for each injury. Injury rates were calculated based on athlete-seasons.ResultsA total of 168 BSIs were reported over 4 seasons from 80 team-seasons (34 men’s and 46 women’s team-seasons) and 1220 athlete-seasons, resulting in 1764 athletic training services and 117 physician encounters. Bone-stress injuries represented 20% of all injuries reported by cross-country athletes. The average BSI rate was 0.14 per athlete-season. Injury rates were higher in female (0.16) than male (0.10) athletes and higher in the 2019–2020 season (0.20) than the 2020–2021 (0.14), 2018–2019 (0.12), and 2021–2022 (0.10) seasons. Most BSIs occurred in the lower leg (23.8%) and the foot (23.8%). The majority of injuries were classified as overuse and time loss (72.6%) and accounted for most of the athletic training services (75.3%) and physician encounters (72.6%). We found a mean of 10.89 athletic training services per overuse and time-loss injury and 12.20 athletic training services per overuse and non–time-loss injury. Mean occurrence was lower for physician encounters (0.70), prescription medications (0.04), tests (0.75), procedures (0.01), and surgery (0.02) than for athletic training services (10.50).ConclusionsBone-stress injuries are common in collegiate cross-country runners and require considerable athletic training resources. Athletic trainers should be appropriately staffed for this population, and suspected BSIs should be confirmed with a medical diagnosis. Future investigators should track treatment codes associated with BSI to determine best-practice patterns.
Sensory Reweighting System Differences on Vestibular Feedback With Increased Task Constraints in Individuals With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Sugimoto Yuki A. , McKeon Patrick O. , Rhea Christopher K. , Schmitz Randy J. , Henson Robert , Mattacola Carl G. , Ross Scott E. 
Published: July 2023

Context
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with a less flexible and adaptable sensorimotor system. Thus, individuals with CAI may present an inadequate sensory reweighting system, inhibiting their ability to place more emphasis (upweight) on reliable sensory feedback to control posture. However, how individuals with CAI reweight sensory feedback to maintain postural control in bilateral and unilateral stances has not been established.

Objectives
To examine (1) group differences in how the sensory reweighting system changes to control posture in a simple double-limb stance and a more complex single-limb stance (uninjured limb and injured limb) under increased environmental constraints manipulating somatosensory and visual information for individuals with and without CAI and (2) the effect of environmental and task constraints on postural control.

Design
Case-control study.

Setting
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 21 individuals with CAI (age = 26.4 ± 5.7 years, height = 171.2 ± 9.8 cm, mass = 76.6 ± 15.17 kg) and 21 individuals without CAI (control group; age = 25.8 ± 5.7 years, height = 169.5 ± 9.5 cm, mass = 72.4 ± 15.0 kg) participated.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We examined the equilibrium scores based on the first 10 seconds of trials in which participants completed 6 environmental conditions of the Sensory Organization Test during 3 tasks (double-limb and single-limb [uninjured and injured] stances). Sensory reweighting ratios for sensory systems (somatosensory, vision, and vestibular) were computed from paired equilibrium scores based on the first 10 seconds of the trials.

Results
We observed 3-factor interactions between groups, sensory systems, and tasks (F4,160 = 3.754, P = .006) and for group, task, and environment (F10,400 = 2.455, P = .007). The CAI group did not downweight vestibular feedback compared with the control group while maintaining posture on the injured limb (P = .03). The CAI group demonstrated better postural stability than the control group while standing with absent vision (ie, eyes closed), fixed surroundings, and a moving platform on the injured limb (P = .03).

Conclusions
The CAI group relied on vestibular feedback while maintaining better postural stability than the control group in injured-limb stance. Group differences in postural control depended on both environmental (absent vision and moving platform) and task (injured limb) constraints.
Endovascular control during partial nephrectomy in a renal allograft
Authors: Damodaran Shivashankar , Ahmed Ayman , Ekwenna Obi 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Partial nephrectomy of renal allografts is technically challenging. We report a case of robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy performed with selective cannulation and endovascular balloon occlusion of vascular inflow to transplanted kidney. Endovascular control during partial nephrectomy in a renal allograft and review of literature.
Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for moderate to highly complex renal masses. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sharma Gopal , Sharma Aditya Prakash , Tyagi Shantanu , Bora Girdhar Singh , Mavuduru Ravimohan Suryanarayan , Devana Sudheer Kumar , Singh Shrawan Kumar 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Multiple studies have been published recently assessing feasibility of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for moderate to highly complex renal masses. Some studies have even compared partial nephrectomy (PN) performed through various modalities such as open PN (OPN) versus RAPN and laparoscopic PN (LPN) versus OPN. The primary aim of this review was to analyze perioperative outcomes such as warm ischemia time (WIT), duration of surgery, estimated blood loss (EBL), complications, blood transfusion, length of stay, and margin status following RAPN for complex renal masses. Another objective was to compare perioperative outcomes following various surgical modalities, i.e., OPN, LPN, or RAPN.

Methods:
Literature search was conducted to identify studies reporting perioperative outcomes following RAPN for moderate (Radius, Endophytic/Exophytic, Nearness, Anterior/posterior location [RENAL] score 7–9 or Preoperative Aspects of Dimension used for anatomic classification [PADUA] score 8–9) to high complexity renal masses (RENAL or PADUA score ≥ 10). Meta-analysis of robotic versus OPN and robotic versus LPN was also performed. Study protocol was registered with PROPSERO (CRD42019121259).

Results:
In this review, 22 studies including 2,659 patients were included. Mean duration of surgery, WIT, and EBL was 132.5–250.8 min, 15.5–30 min, and 100–321 ml, respectively. From pooled analysis, positive surgical margin, need for blood transfusion, minor and major complications were seen in 3.9%, 5.2%, 19.3%, and 6.3% of the patients. No significant difference was noted between RAPN and LPN for any of the perioperative outcomes. Compared to OPN, RAPN had significantly lower EBL, complications rate, and need for transfusion.

Conclusions:
RAPN for moderate to high complexity renal masses is associated with acceptable perioperative outcomes. LPN and RAPN were equal in terms of perioperative outcomes for complex masses whereas, OPN had significantly higher blood loss, complications rate, and need for transfusion as compared to RAPN.
Combination therapy in metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Kumar Jatinder , Alam Muhammad Umar , Jazayeri Seyed Behzad , Tanneru Karthik , Bazargani Soroush , Shastri Charu , Gautam Shiva , Koochekpour Shahriar , Shukla Sanjeev , Bandyk Mark , Costa Joseph , Balaji K. C. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Studies directly comparing the different combination therapies offered to men with metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), are not available yet. This study was designed using the network meta-analysis (NMA) framework to provide a comparison of the different available options for the treatment of men with mCSPC.

Methods:
A systematic search was performed and the prospective randomized controlled trials reporting the overall survival (OS) or failure-free survival (FFS) were selected for review. A total of 14 studies were included in the NMA.

Results:
The addition of abiraterone, apalutamide, docetaxel, and docetaxel with zoledronic acid to the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) demonstrated a significant improvement in the OS. In indirect comparison, abiraterone had a higher impact on the OS as compared to docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0–1.46) and docetaxel with zoledronic acid (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.05–1.63) but not apalutamide. Furthermore, apalutamide was not different than docetaxel or docetaxel with zoledronic acid. There was a significant improvement in the FFS with the combination of abiraterone, apalutamide, docetaxel (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46–0.81), docetaxel with zoledronic acid (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.43–0.9), and enzalutamide (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.25–0.61) as compared to the ADT alone. Similar to the indirect comparison of OS, abiraterone outperformed docetaxel (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.12–2.47), docetaxel with zoledronic acid (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.06–2.68), and enzalutamide (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.63–1.80), but not apalutamide in terms of impact on the FFS.

Conclusion:
Overall, abiraterone demonstrated better OS and FFS outcomes as compared to all the other combination strategies in this NMA.
CRÍTICA DE LA RAZÓN CRUEL BREVE ANÁLISIS DE LOS RIESGOS DE UNA TECNOLOGÍA SIN HUMANISMO
Authors: Sanmartín Esplugues José 
Published: July 2023

En este artículo muestro, por una parte, mi total desacuerdo con la tesis de que el ser humano era un callejón sin salida biológica, salvado de la extinción por el desarrollo de la técnica. Creo, por el contrario, que, biológicamente hablando, el ser humano es casi un milagro, por su capacidad de ensimismarse, reflexionar y plantearse interrogantes acerca del mundo y de sí mismo, preguntas que, en ocasiones, han encontrado algunas respuestas que se han traducido en técnicas. Por otra parte, estoy también en absoluto desacuerdo con los planteamientos filosóficos vertebrados en torno a una concepción de la naturaleza como factor hostil que había que domeñar, para permitir y mejorar la existencia humana. La naturaleza, en ese sentido, ha sido más nuestra víctima que nuestra agresora. Pienso que ambas creencias –el carácter enfermizo del ser humano y la hostilidad de la naturaleza, muy en línea con las ideas de Scheler y Ortega y, en general, con los planteamientos de la modernidad– han proporcionado una excusa indecente a los intentos eugenésicos y han acabado desembocando en la necesidad del reemplazo del ser humano como cul-de-sac biológico por un ente libre de lo que ciertas ideologías consideran lacras humanas, entre las que no dudan en incluir la propia muerte.
Palabras clave: crueldad, conquista y dominio de la naturaleza, delirios de la razón humana, ensimismamiento, humanización, naturaleza humana, humanismo, posthumanismo.
Reflexiones sobre Pro Velasco, M. (2021). Introducción a la ética de Robert Spaemann. Granada: Comares
Authors: Burguete Miguel Enrique 
Published: July 2023

Quienes nos adscribimos al realismo metafísico y tenemos a Robert Spaemann como uno de nuestros filósofos de referencia, celebramos que Comares haya editado una “introducción a la ética de Robert Spaemann”, elaborada por la profesora de la Universidad Católica de Ávila y de la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca Mª Luisa Pro Velasco (Pro Velasco, 2021).
En su introducción, la autora señala que su estudio viene a cubrir el vacío provocado por la escasez de trabajos sobre el filósofo alemán. Y ciertamente lo hace. Por eso, no se trata tanto de un ensayo dirigido a quienes ya conocemos a Spaemann, cuanto de una síntesis orientada a seducir a un público culto de amplio espectro, interesado por la filosofía y cansado de las propuestas éticas idealistas (e ideológicas), para que descubra la obra de este gran filósofo y se adhiera a su idea de que la verdad, por más que sea perspectivista y se deje decir desde múltiples ubicaciones, es siempre verdad y se asienta sobre la realidad.
En lo que sigue, ofrecemos una breve recensión del contenido del libro, al objeto de ayudar a los lectores a decidirse en favor de su lectura.
Gonzalez, W. J. (2020). Methodological Prospects for Scientific Research: From Pragmatism to Pluralism. Cham: Synthese Library, Springer
Authors: García Bouza Alba 
Published: July 2023

La investigación científica trae consigo múltiples cuestiones, que este libro analiza centrándose en dos grandes corrientes metodológicas: el pragmatismo y el pluralismo. En el primero destacan autores como Nicholas Rescher, que tiene un capítulo en el libro, y en lo segundo hay cada vez más partidarios, muchos de los cuales reconocen el papel de Patrick Suppes en el giro para deslindarse del monismo metodológico, que fue dominante durante un buen número de años.
Mediante la reflexión filosófico-metodológica se profundiza en el libro en los procedimientos de investigación, que es la fase inicial para resolver problemas científicos, y en los métodos, que siguen después, dotados mayor grado de rigor que propician la sistematicidad en la indagación de lo real (sea natural, social o artificial). Por un lado, quien investiga ha de seguir los procesos para estudiar adecuadamente su objeto y poder resolver los problemas que plantea ese estudio; y, por otro lado, la realidad a conocer ha de ser inteligible mediante los recursos epistemológicos, de uso de procesos de investigación y de los materiales adecuados, bien sea para la observación o para la investigación.
Management of Islamic Education Based on Religious Culture
Authors: Saimima M Sahrawi 
Published: July 2023

Management is a process of activities that includes four functions including planning, organizingn, implementing and controlling. In its implementation, the management of Islamic education based on religious culture has an urgent role in directing humans to worship Allah and be on good terms with fellow human beings. This study aims to find out what religious value bases are often applied in Educational Institutions, and how religious culture management is applied. To facilitate the course of this research, researchers used a literature research method with descriptive data analysis techniques in 15 research articles on Religious Culture published from various educational journals with a time span from 2017 to 2022. The results of the study showed that the religious cultural base applied used the values of Tawhid, Akhlak, Amanah and Social. In addition, in the stages of its management, the aspects contained within the religious culture must be applied systematically and scheduled.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan kewirausahaan dan Inovasi terhadap Keberlangsungan Usaha Percetakan di Kota Medan
Authors: Nasrudin Nasrudin , Harahap Irwan Musriza , Berutu Edi Putra , Agustina Ika , Sinaga Rommel 
Published: July 2023

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan kewirausahaan dan inovasi terhadap keberlangsungan usaha usaha percetakan di kota medan. metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif. Untuk analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, Adapun populasi dari penelitian ini adalah pengusaha percetakan yang ada di Wilayah Kota Medan yang berjumlah 215 orang pengusaha percetakan yang ada di Kota Medan, dimana teknik penarikan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh, Hasil penelitian didapatkan secara simultan dan parsial variabel pengetahuan kewirausahaan pengusaha percetakan di Kota Medan dan Inovasi pengusaha percetakan di Kota Medan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel keberlangsungan usaha percetakan di Kota Medan. Untuk mengatasi perubahan yang ada sebaiknya pengusaha percetakan menambah pengetahuannya tentang digital agar penjualan tidak hanya dapat dilakukan melalui penjualan secara offline, akan tetapi bisa juga secara online, sehingga bisa diketahui konsumen di seluruh Kecamatan yang ada di Kota Medan, sehingga produk Usaha Percetakan diKota Medan dikenal orang banyak.
Detection of Facial Mask Using Deep Learning Classification Algorithm
Authors: Putri Rani Kurnia , Athoillah Muhammad 
Published: July 2023

Deep learning is an algorithm that works by representing data in layers of learning layers so that the representation becomes more meaningful. "Deep" in deep learning means that deep learning begins layers of sequential representation. This study aims to provide a reference on how to create a system and analyze the results of identifying face masks using a deep learning algorithm. Research on facemask detection is highly important as it tackles a vital element of public health and safety. It plays a crucial role in promoting adherence to mask-wearing guidelines, minimizing the transmission of infectious diseases, and offering valuable data for monitoring and policy assessment. Additionally, this area of study has garnered increased significance and attention within the realm of public health and safety, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic since 2020, where mask usage has been universally advised to protect individuals from the spread of the virus. From the results of the research conducted, it is known that this model can recognize faces well, both those who wear masks and those who do not use masks. This is evident from the average specificity and precision of 96.00% and the average sensitivity or recall value of 93.47%. In addition, this model has also proven to be quite accurate in conducting overall classification with an average accuracy of 94.73%.

Received: 13 May 2023 | Revised: 7 July 2023 | Accepted: 19 July 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Psychological variables related to decision making for mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fogel Joshua , Azrak Morris 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundMask wearing can prevent and/or mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Psychological variables related to decision making can potentially influence mask wearing.Participants and procedureWe surveyed college students (N = 1,085) about wearing a mask inside a store and outside on a busy street. Predictor varia-bles were demographics, COVID-19 variables, and psychological variables of health risk taking, recreational risk taking, consideration of immediate consequences, and consideration of future consequences.ResultsHealth risk taking was negatively associated with mask wearing outside on a busy street but was not associated with mask wearing inside a store. Recreational risk taking was not associated with mask wearing either inside a store or outside on a busy street. Consideration of future consequences was significantly positively associated with mask wearing both in-side a store and outside on a busy street. Consideration of immediate consequences was not associated with mask wearing either inside a store or outside on a busy street.ConclusionsMarketing about store safety requirements of mask wearing may turn certain customers away from shopping inside the store. Their personality may not be of future consequences orientation and no matter how much one attempts to educate or reason with them, these customers will be opposed to mask wearing. Managers then need to decide whether to potentially lose a customer by requiring the customer to wear a mask to shop inside the store.