bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Materi Ajar Dalam Kurikulum Merdeka Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Salamudin Ceceng , Kurniasih Ani 
Published: February 2025

Konsep pendidikan seringkali digunakan dengan cara yang tidak sesuai dengan kondisi pendidik dan peserta didik di Indonesia. Karena itu Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Nadiem Anwar Makarim menerapkan Kurikulum Merdeka sebagai solusi dari permasalahan tersebut. Kurikulum merdeka ini lebih fleksibel untuk mendukung pemulihan pembelajaran yang disebabkan oleh pandemi COVID-19 dan untuk mengejar ketertinggalan pendidikan Indonesia dibandingkan dengan negara-negara lain. Kurikulum merdeka ini mempunyai sesuuatu yang khas,yaitu pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, yang terdiri dari empat elemen, yakni materi ajar, proses, produk, dan lingkungan belajar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah terdeskripsikannya konsep pembelajaran berdiferensiasi materi ajar perspektif ilmu pendidikan Islam. Peneliti menggunakan jenis pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode desktiptif analisis. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah studi literatur (literature research), dan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi materi ajar dalam kurikulum merdeka merupakan suatu proses pembelajaran yang menyesuaikan materi ajar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan beragam peserta didik di dalam kelas sesuai minat bakat, serta kesiapan belajar peserta didik. Dalam kajian Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, pembelajaran berdiferensiasi materi ajar ini selaras dengan pendidikan Islam, sebagaimana yang terkandung dalam Al-Qur’an Surah Al-Maidah ayat 48 mengenai anti diskriminasi dalam pendidikan, serta kandungan Surah At-Taubah ayat 122 bahwa diharuskannya seorang peserta didik untuk mendalami suatu materi. Keselarasan pembelajarn berdiferensiasi materi ajar dengan konsep pendidikan Islam juga terlihat dalam kesesuaian komponen pendidikan. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi materi ajar dapat menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang lebih holistik, responsif terhadap keberagaman siswa, dan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Islam .
Kata kunci : Kurikulum merdeka, pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, materi ajar, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam.
Motivasi Belajar Dalam Al Quran At Taubah Ayat 122 Studi Ilmu Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Izzan Ahmad , Mubarok Muhammad Husni 
Published: February 2025

Belajar merupakan proses kegiatan untuk mengubah tingkah laku peserta didik, banyak faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Diantaranya faktor motivasi yang berfungsi sebagai usaha dalam pencapaian prestasi. Motivasi belajar siswa sangat mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Proses belajar mengajar serta pemupukan motivasi dalam Islam tidak terlepas dari sumber pokok ajaran, yaitu Al-Qur’an. Dalam Al-Qur'an banyak dijumpai berbagai ungkapan yang menunjukkan dorongan kepada setiap orang muslim untuk belajar. Seperti dalam Al-Qur’an surat At-Taubah Ayat 122. Di dalam ayat ini terkandung makna yang berkaitan dengan motivasi belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang motivasi belajar yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur'an Surat At-taubah Ayat 122 Studi Ilmu Pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research), yaitu dengan cara melakukan penelitian terhadap hasil penafsiran para mufasir terhadap Al-Qur’an Surat At-Taubah Ayat 122 dan sumber-sumber tertulis atau literatur lainnya tentang motivasi belajar yang dikemukakan oleh para ahli atau oleh para ulama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode kualitatif dengan berfokus pada analisis konten Al-Qur’an Surat At-Taubah Ayat 122 dan isi teks buku-buku yang berkaitan dengan judul yang diteliti. Hasil dari penelitian ini, menunjukan bahwa motivasi belajar yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an Surat At-Taubah Ayat 122 menjelaskan bahwa jihad bukan hanya dalam medan peperangan saja tetapi juga memperdalam Ilmu merupakan bagian dari jihad itu sendiri. Adapun motivasi belajar dalam Al-Qur’an Surat. At-Taubah Ayat 122 Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan Islam bahwa Allah SWT memotivasi manusia untuk memperdalam Ilmu agama atau belajar, bahkan Allah SWT memberikan pahala yang sama antara orang yang berperang di jalan Allah dan orang yang menuntut Ilmu. Allah SWT menuntut hamba-Nya hendaklah untuk berjihad dengan mengangkat senjata dan memperdalam ilmu pengetahuan serta mendalaminya. Dengan demikian jelas bahwa maksud dari Al-Qur’an Surat At-Taubah Ayat 122 dapat menjadi motivasi bagi umat Islam agar lebih giat dan serius dalam belajar terutama dalam mempelajari ilmu Agama.
Kata Kunci : Motivasi Belajar, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, Prestasi Belajar
Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Multikultural Dalam Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Wahidah Evita Yuliatul , Marlina Leny 
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan tentang persoalan yang tengah dihadapi oleh bangsa ini yaitu minimnya rasa untuk saling menghargai dan sikap terbuka dalam menerima setiap perbedaan baik dalam konteks hubungan sosial, hak asasi manusia maupun kehidupan beragama. Pentingnya menginternalisasi nilai-nilai multikultural agar tercipta generasi yang inklusif dan menghargai keragaman sehingga sekolah dapat memberikan pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada kesadaran peserta didik akan pentingnya memiliki sikap toleransi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara umum tentang pengembangan internalisasi nilai-nilai multikultural, strategi serta faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam ( Studi di SD Daya Susila Garut) . Penelitan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode penelitian deskriptif analitis. Pengumpulan data yang peneliti lakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan teori Miles dan Hubberman yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, nilai-nilai multikultural yang diinternalisasi meliputi 1) sikap saling menghargai, 2) sikap toleransi, dan 3) sikap solidaritas yang ditunjukkan oleh para siswa dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Strategi yang dilakukan adalah dengan menciptakan lingkungan pendidikan yang inklusif, menghargai pluralisme agama, mempromosikan nilai-nilai sosial dan etika yang baik, serta memberikan contoh positif kepada siswa melalui tindakan nyata. Faktor pendukung dan penghambat mencakup dukungan institusi pendidikan, keberagaman di lingkungan sekolah, faktor internal guru dan siswa, serta materi pembelajaran PAI.
Kata Kunci : internalisasi nilai, multikultural, mata pelajaran PAI
Improving Radial Velocities by Marginalizing over Stars and Sky: Achieving 30 m s−1 RV Precision for APOGEE in the Plate Era
Authors: Saydjari Andrew K. , Finkbeiner Douglas P. , Wheeler Adam J. , Holtzman Jon A. , Wilson John C. , Casey Andrew R. , Sánchez-Maes Sophia , Brownstein Joel R. , Hogg David W. , Blanton Michael R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The radial velocity catalog from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) is unique in its simultaneously large volume and high precision as a result of its decade-long survey duration, multiplexing (600 fibers), and spectral resolution of R ∼ 22,500. However, previous data reductions of APOGEE have not fully realized the potential radial velocity (RV) precision of the instrument. Here we present an RV catalog based on a new reduction of all 2.6 million visits of APOGEE DR17 and validate it against improved estimates for the theoretical RV performance. The core ideas of the new reduction are the simultaneous modeling of all components in the spectra, rather than a separate subtraction of point estimates for the sky, and a marginalization over stellar types, rather than a grid search for an optimum. We show that this catalog, when restricted to RVs measured with the same fiber, achieves noise-limited precision down to 30 m s−1 and delivers well-calibrated uncertainties. We also introduce a general method for calibrating fiber-to-fiber constant RV offsets and demonstrate its importance for high RV precision work in multifiber spectrographs. After calibration, we achieve 47 m s−1 RV precision on the combined catalog with RVs measured with different fibers. This degradation in precision relative to measurements with only a single fiber suggests that refining line spread function models should be a focus in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey V to improve the fiber-unified RV catalog.
Chicago–Carnegie Hubble Program: A Multiwavelength Search for the Effects of Metallicity on the Cepheid Distance Scale. II. Theoretical Models and Synthetic Spectra
Authors: Madore Barry F. , Freedman Wendy L. , Owens Kayla 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This is the second of two papers exploring the effects of metallicity on the multiwavelength properties of Cepheids in terms of their multiwavelength period–luminosity (PL) relations, impacting their use as extragalactic distance indicators and underpinning one of the most popular paths to estimating the expansion rate of the Universe, H
0. In Paper I, we presented five tests for the influence of metallicity on galactic and extragalactic Cepheid PL relations, spanning nearly 2 dex in metallicity and inspecting PL relations from the optical (BVI), through the near-infrared (JHK), and into the mid-infrared (at 3.4 and 4.5 μm). And in no case were any statistically significant results forthcoming. Here we interrogate published spectral energy distributions constructed from theoretical (static) stellar atmospheres, covering the surface gravity and temperature ranges attributed to classical (supergiant, F and K spectral type) Cepheid variables, and explore the differential effects of changing the atmospheric metallicity, down by 2 dex from solar (a factor of 100 below the average Milky Way value) and then up from solar by 0.5 dex (i.e., a factor of 3× above the Milky Way value). The theoretical models clearly show that metallicity systematically impacts each of the bandpasses differentially: the level of this effect is largest in the ultraviolet (where line blanketing is most intense), reversing sign in the optical (due to flux redistribution from the UV), and then asymptotically falling back to zero from the red to the far-infrared. The discovered effects of metallicity are systematic, but they are small, and as such, they do not contradict the findings of Paper I, but they do explain why the problem has been so hard to resolve given the low level of precision of the photometry for all but the very nearest and apparently brightest Cepheids. The most interesting (and useful) result of this investigation is that from a close examination of the models, we have discovered infrared regions in Cepheid spectral energy distributions that allow for the simultaneous correction for extinction and metallicity differences by the judicious combination of only two filters: one in the near-infrared and one in the mid-infrared, the former centered at 1.2 μm and the other centered at 3.6 μm. Even more exciting and promising is the fact that both of these bands can be simultaneously observed in single exposures using the dual-channel imager, NIRCam on JWST.
Considerations on the Origin of IRAS 19312+1950 Based on Long-term Maser Observations
Authors: Feng 冯 Huan-Xue 焕雪 , Nakashima 中 Jun-ichi 岛淳一 , Engels D. , Etoka S. , Kim Jaeheon , Zhang 张 Yong 泳 , Xie 谢 Jia-Yong 嘉泳 , Qiu 邱 Jian-Jie 建杰 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
IRAS source 19312+1950 (hereafter I19312) is an infrared point source with maser emissions of SiO, H2O, and OH molecules. Although initial observations suggested that I19312 might be an evolved star, its characteristics are not fully consistent with this classification. This study aims to further investigate the nature of I19312 by conducting long-term monitoring of its maser emissions and comparing the results with other known astrophysical objects. We conducted long-term monitoring of SiO, H2O, and OH maser emissions using single-dish radio telescopes. The results were then compared with historical maser data and the characteristics of similar objects to infer the possible origin of I19312. The SiO maser emissions from I19312 were detected over a wide velocity range and exhibited significant time variability. The OH maser lines suggest characteristics of an evolved star, while the H2O maser lines indicate molecular outflows. These features suggest that I19312 could be a candidate for a water fountain star, though there are inconsistencies, such as the large molecular gas mass, that challenge this hypothesis. The possibility of I19312 being a red nova remnant (RNR) is also considered, but this remains speculative due to the lack of direct evidence. The evolutionary stage of I19312 remains unclear, but it shares multiple characteristics with both evolved stars with peculiar properties and RNRs. Further long-term monitoring and high-resolution interferometric observations are required to better constrain the nature of this object.
Inverse Raman Scattering and the Diffuse Interstellar Bands: An Exploration of the Systemic Interconnections between Spontaneous and Inverse Raman Scattering and Extended Red Emission, Red Rectangle Bands, and Diffuse Interstellar Bands
Authors: Zagury Frédéric 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
First identified in 1964, inverse Raman scattering (IRS) is a nonlinear stimulated phenomenon that induces Raman-scattered absorptions where Raman emissions would be expected. This paper highlights the significance of IRS in analyzing the spectra of stars located in the distant background of H I interstellar clouds. Specifically, ultraviolet emission lines Raman scattered by atomic hydrogen, typically observed in emission at wide scattering angles in the optical spectra of symbiotic stars and nebulae, should appear as IRS absorptions in the optical spectra of the background stars. I show that all known interstellar Raman-scattered emission lines in the Hα wavelength region are detected in absorption as diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in the spectra of reddened stars, and conclude that IRS by atomic hydrogen resolves the long-standing DIB puzzle. This sheds new light on the perplexing relationship between DIBs and the Red Rectangle nebula emission bands (RRBs). The conditions under which either DIBs or RRBs are detected emphasize the importance of considering the physical relationship between the observer, the H I medium, and the direction of the illuminating radiation field (i.e., the geometry of the observation) in observations of H I interstellar matter. Observing in the direction of the radiation field or on its side determines whether IRS, yielding DIBs and the 2200 Å bump, or spontaneous Raman scattering at wide scattering angles, resulting in extended red emission, Raman-scattered emission lines (including RRBs), and unidentified infrared bands, will be observed.
Helium Pickup Ion Velocity Distributions Observed in Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Structures
Authors: Ogasawara 小笠原 Keiichi 桂一 , Dayeh Maher A. , Ebert Robert W. , Klecker Berndt , Kucharek Harald 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of He+ pickup ions (PUIs) through two interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) events associated with two interplanetary shocks are examined. Their specific properties in pitch-angle space were used as tracers of the local physical processes. These VDFs were studied using observations from the PLasma And SupraThermal Ion Composition instrument on board the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory with 10 minutes cadence and full energy and angular resolutions. The analysis focuses on pitch angle distributions and their average/deviation to evaluate heating/cooling, acceleration/deceleration, and pitch angle diffusion. For an ICME accompanied by the quasi-perpendicular shock, (a) reflected and energized particles were found in the upstream, and pitch angle scattering and suprathermal particle production were conspicuous in the downstream; (b) strong heating was observed in the sheath region; (c) suprathermal particles were found in the sheath region and attributed to the velocity fluctuation within the solar wind; and (d) universal pitch angle scattering was found throughout the ICME. For an ICME accompanied by a quasi-parallel shock, (a) localized heating and acceleration were found around the shock location; (b) power-law suprathermal tail distributions were found near the shock, suggesting diffusive shock acceleration processes; (c) weak or no sheath heating was observed; and (d) pitch angle scattering was correlated with magnetic field power spectral density. In the magnetic cloud for this event, pitch angle diffusion consistent with the scattering by counterpropagating Alfvén waves was found. This type of analysis can be applied to study shock injection processes and PUI transport/diffusion processes under active conditions.
The GeV γ-Ray Emission from the Composite Supernova Remnant CTB 87
Authors: Xin Yuliang , Tang Jian , Ding Weixiong , Liu Xi , Zhang Yunfeng , Guo Xiaolei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We report the GeV γ-ray emission around the composite supernova remnant (SNR) CTB 87 with more than 16 yr of PASS 8 data recorded by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Two separate point sources with different GeV spectra are identified in this region: one has a soft γ-ray spectrum, likely due to interactions between the SNR shock and molecular clouds, and another source with a hard GeV γ-ray spectrum aligns with the TeV spectrum of VER J2016+371, suggesting it as the GeV counterpart. Considering the observations of CTB 87 in the radio and X-ray bands, VER J2016+371 is proposed to originate from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) associated with PSR J2016+3711. A leptonic model with a broken power-law electron distribution could explain the multiwavelength data of VER J2016+371, with fitted parameters matching typical γ-ray PWNe. Deeper searching for the SNR shock of CTB 87 in other bands and the future TeV observations by LHAASO and Cherenkov Telescope Array are crucial to reveal the nature of CTB 87.
Dominant Role of Coplanar Inflows in Driving Disk Evolution Revealed by Gas-phase Metallicity Gradients
Authors: Lyu Cheqiu , Wang Enci , Zhang Hongxin , Peng Yingjie , Wang Xin , Li Haixin , Ma Chengyu , Yu Haoran , Chen Zeyu , Jia Cheng , Kong Xu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using spatially resolved spectroscopic data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory sample, we investigate the parameters influencing the radial gradients of gas-phase metallicity (

∇

log
(
O
/
H
)

) to determine whether disk formation is primarily driven by coplanar gas inflow or by the independent evolution of distinct regions within the disk. Our results show that

∇

log
(
O
/
H
)

strongly correlates with local gas-phase metallicity at a given stellar mass, with steeper gradients observed in metal-poorer disks. This trend supports the coplanar gas inflow scenario, wherein the gas is progressively enriched by in situ star formation as it flows inward. In contrast, the radial gradient of stellar mass surface density shows very weak correlations with

∇

log
(
O
/
H
)

, which is inconsistent with the independent evolution mode, where gas inflow, star formation, and metal enrichment occur independently within each annulus of the disk. Furthermore, we find that

∇

log
(
O
/
H
)

is also closely correlated with an indicator of local gas turbulence

σ

gas

/

R

e

, highlighting the competing roles of turbulence and coplanar inflow in shaping metallicity gradients. Our results provide indirect observational evidence supporting coplanar gas inflow as the driving mechanism for disk evolution.
New findings and two new species of the genus Pallenopsis (Pycnogonida: Pallenopsidae) from the Southern Ocean
Authors: Cano-Sánchez Esperanza , López-González Pablo J. 
Published: February 2025

Pycnogonid specimens of the genus Pallenopsis collected during the Antarctic Polarstern XXIII/8 cruise (23 November 2006 to 30 January 2007) were studied. Seven species are recognized in this collection and two of them are proposed as new species: Pallenopsis tubercula n. sp., P. elephantensis n. sp., P. gracilis Cano-Sánchez and López-González, 2019, P. hodgsoni Gordon, 1938, P. macronyx Bouvier, 1911, P. spicata Hodgson, 1914 and P. aff. vanhoeffeni Hodgson, 1915. Pallenopsis gracilis is reported for the first time since its original description. The new species are described, illustrated and compared with their closest congeners, and their morphological variability is discussed. A cluster analysis (Euclidean distance) including our Pallenopsis specimens and the holotype of P. gracilis is carried out, based on 24 morphological characters. Finally, an updated key to the Southern Ocean species is presented.
Del desengaño en el púlpito: la voz crítica de Juan Interián de Ayala (1657-1730)
Authors: Garau Jaume 
Published: February 2025

La figura del mercedario fray Juan Interián de Ayala (1657-1730) ha recibido un interés dispar por parte de los estudiosos. Importante intelectual novator, preocupado por denunciar los errores más comunes, tanto en su obra de preceptiva artística –en la que persigue un equilibrio entre la tradición piadosa y la tradición crítica– como en su oratoria, en la que aúna la búsqueda del conocimiento de la verdad, fruto del desengaño, con una actitud claramente renovadora en su afán de desterrar el gerundianismo desaforado de su tiempo, en favor del principio de la imitación y de la claridad, anticipadores del espíritu neoclásico.En este artículo, pretendemos, pues, mostrar cómo Interián manifiesta el desengaño en su predicación, por lo que hace a la tradicional visión cristiana y neoestoica que profesa sobre la muerte, o, afirmando la españolidad de Luis I, en consonancia con su adscripción a la nueva dinastía, entre otros aspectos algunos relativos a creencias comunes en su época como la astrología. Del mismo modo, apuesta por renovar el estilo oratorio dominante en favor de una declaración de la Palabra más evangélica y alejada del lucimiento.
Garcilaso en silueta: pesadumbres de Lope y alegrías de Góngora en dos lugares del Viaje del Parnaso (1614)
Authors: Sánchez Jiménez Antonio , Gerber Clea 
Published: February 2025

Este artículo examina dos referencias a Garcilaso en el Viaje del Parnaso cervantino: el uso de «pesadumbre» como metonimia para hablar de una ciudad (III, vv. 157-162) –que aparece por primera vez en la Égloga II de Garcilaso– y la iunctura «fugitivo cristal» (VI, v. 13-27), que Cervantes emplea para describir el agua que el durmiente cree beber en un sueño y que supuestamente también procede de la poesía del toledano. Tras exponer cómo anotan estos pasajes los editores modernos, trazaremos el origen de las dos imágenes exponiendo su oblicua relación con Garcilaso y explicando su utilidad para entender la relación entre Cervantes y otros dos grandes ingenios del momento: Lope de Vega y Luis de Góngora.
Réformer l’administration publique par l’informatique. Le cas du logiciel SIGIPES au Cameroun
Authors: Mela Oscarine , Rubbers Benjamin 
Published: February 2025

En 2000, le gouvernement camerounais décidait d’équiper les ministères d’un nouveau logiciel informatique (le SIGIPES) pour gérer les carrières et les salaires de leurs agents. Prenant appui sur une enquête réalisée de 2016 à 2020, cet article retrace la vie sociale de cette réforme 2.0 depuis sa conception par une équipe interministérielle jusqu’à son appropriation par les utilisateurs finaux. L’analyse qu’il propose met l’accent sur la manière dont cet instrument informatique a été approprié par différentes catégories d’acteurs et les jeux de pouvoir que son introduction a engendrés dans et entre les ministères. Elle invite plus largement à réfléchir à nouveaux frais aux spécificités des réformes de « bonne gouvernance » et au rôle décisif qui est communément attribué aux bailleurs étrangers dans leur élaboration et leur mise en œuvre.