bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro microleakage at the enamel and dentin margins of class II cavities of primary molars restored with a bulk‐fill and a conventional composite
Authors: Mosharrafian Shahram , Farahmand Niloofar , Poorzandpoush Kiana , Hosseinipour Zohre Sadat , Kahforushan Mehdi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study assessed the enamel and dentin margin microleakage of class II cavities of primary molars restored with a bulk‐fill and a conventional composite.Materials and MethodsIn this in vitro, experimental study, standard class II cavities were created in the proximal surfaces of 60 extracted primary molars. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups, and restored with SonicFill bulk‐fill and Filtek Z250 conventional composite along with Single Bond 2 adhesive. The teeth were coated with two layers of nail varnish to 1 mm around the restoration margins, and the apices were sealed with wax. The teeth underwent 1500 thermal cycles and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. They were then immersed in 1 M silver nitrate in the dark, rinsed with water, immersed in developing solution for 12 h, and exposed to fluorescent light. Next, they were mesiodistally sectioned, and digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope at ×10 magnification. The dye penetration depth was measured by a blind observer, and analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test (α = .05).ResultsNo significant difference existed in microleakage between the two composite groups at the enamel (p = .76) or dentin (p = .16) margins. In both composite groups, microleakage at the dentin margins was significantly greater than that at the enamel margins (p = .000).ConclusionConsidering the absence of a significant difference in microleakage, SonicFill bulk‐fill composite can be used as an alternative to Filtek Z250 conventional composite for restoration of primary molars to benefit from its advantages such as simpler and faster application.
The Singapore convention on mediation to reinforce the status of international mediated settlement agreement: Breakthrough or redundancy?
Authors: Tan David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMediation is a type of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in which an impartial third party facilitates a voluntary negotiation. It is sometimes more desirable than traditional litigation or arbitration because of its timeliness, affordability, and tendency to preserve the disputant's relationship. Despite these advantages, global commercial mediation has traditionally suffered from one significant flaw: the difficulty for international mediated settlement agreements (iMSAs) to be enforced. The UN Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (the Singapore Convention on Mediation or SCM) aims to address this issue by establishing a process that makes iMSAs ipso facto enforceable. While this is a desirable and long‐awaited development for mediation, this article will argue that the convention will not disrupt the present ADR market, but it may potentially compete with hybrid ADR—like the Arb‐Med‐Arb, at least until the SCM obtains wider recognition. The SCM should also have addressed the enforceability of both iMSAs and agreements to mediate, rather than just that of merely the former.
Assessment of yield performance and stability of hybrids and populations of tropical maize across multiple environments in Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Uberti Alison , Rezende Wemerson Mendonça , Caixeta Diego Gonçalves , Reis Helber Moreira , Resende Nathalia Campos Vilela , Destro Vidomar , DeLima Rodrigo Oliveira 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe identification of stable genotypes with high yield in diverse multiple‐stress environments is important to increase maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield under tropical environments. Our objective was to assess the yield performance and stability of experimental hybrids and broad‐based populations of tropical maize across diverse environments in Southeastern Brazil. We evaluated two sets of maize genotypes for grain yield: 190 experimental hybrids along with 6 commercial hybrids and 45 population hybrids along with their 10 parental populations across 8 environments in Southeastern Brazil. Multiple statistical methods were used and compared in the analyses. Combined analysis of variance indicated that genotypic main effect (G), environmental main effect (E), and genotype by environment interaction were highly significant (p < 0.0001) for grain yield. The E accounted for 42% of the total variation for both hybrids and populations, and they were more similar within the growing season than between seasons, mainly for populations. Low nitrogen (N) stress was a key factor in hybrid evaluation and recommendation, particularly under drought stress conditions. Among the environment classification methods, genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot provided more accurate information about environments grouping and selection of the genotypes than the Eberhart and Russell method. Harmonic mean of the relative performance of the predicted genetic values (HMRPGV) based on mixed models ranked the hybrids and populations according to mean grain yield and stability, penalizing hybrids, and populations with lower stability. Therefore, we recommend the GGE biplot and HMRPGV for genotype evaluation based on multi‐environment trials data. These methods identified 92V2144 and 92V2033 as the most promising hybrids for favorable and 92V2141, 92V2153, and 92V2137 as the most promising for unfavorable environments. 92VX033 and 92VX043 were identified as broadly adapted and stable populations across multiple environments in Southeastern Brazil.
Enhancing the materiality principle in integrated reporting by adopting the General Systems Theory
Authors: Aprile Roberto , Alexander David , Doni Federica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article aims to explore the effectiveness of the materiality principle (MP) within Integrated Reporting (IR) by applying the General Systems Theory (GST) of Ludwig von Bertalanffy. GST, within its holistic approach, can be used to identify the main sub‐systems in which the regulation of IR can be articulated and the relationships between themselves, to make the MP effective, thereby improving the quality of the IR regulation. While much research has analyzed the materiality assessment and its impact on disclosure, little is known about how regulation affects the effectiveness of this principle. This research addresses this gap by explaining that materiality is not a stand‐alone principle but needs to be supported by other principles to be effectively enacted. Our findings can improve the materiality assessment by providing a better understanding of the materiality meaning that can be helpful for managers, standard setters and professional bodies. In terms of research implications, this provides a framework for an alternative thought process for simplification without sacrificing the proper breadth of stakeholder focus.
Design of an ultra‐wideband picosecond pulse generator based on step recovery diodes with an improved SPICE model
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Kang , Tian Ling , Wang Hai‐Long , Zhu Xiao‐Wei 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis article proposed an ultra‐wideband ultra‐short picosecond pulse generator based on step recovery diodes (SRDs). The equivalent circuit model of SRD is analyzed, and an improved nonlinear simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) model is presented for appropriate circuit simulation in Advanced Design System (ADS) software. An external direct current (DC) voltage source is added to bias the SRD. In this article, a conventional shunt SRD topology configuration is developed to generate the Gaussian pulse. According to the measured data, the Gaussian pulse duration for the shunt SRD pulse generator is 210 ps, with the full width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of 110 ps, and the ringing level is −7.8 dB. Moreover, to further improve the tail ringing level, an SRD's mixed topology configuration is introduced and fabricated. The experimental results indicate that the two SRD mixed pulse generator has a pulse duration of 220 ps with FWHM of 120 ps, validating the reasonability of the improved SRD nonlinear SPICE model in ADS. Additionally, there is a considerable improvement in the ringing level of −11.4 dB.
A20 haploinsufficiency caused by loss‐of‐function TNFAIP3 mutation likely leads to progression of antiphospholipid syndrome to marginal zone lymphomas following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination: A case study
Authors: Li Jie , Fu Xuekun , Xu Haichan , Li Bowen , Nie Liping , Ji Ling , Liang Chao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare autoimmune systemic disorder. Previously, no report suggests that APS could progress to extranodal marginal zone lymphomas (EMZL). In this study, we met an unusual APS patient with such progression to EMZL. The patients had been diagnosed with APS two years ago and was in a stable condition after regular treatment until his readmission to our hospital and re‐diagnosed with EMZL recently. Coincidentally, we noticed that the patient had been immunized against inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine just 2 days before his readmission. Furthermore, we performed whole‐exome sequencing and identified a heterozygous, new variant in TNFAIP3 (tumor necrosis factor, α‐induced protein 3) which encoded A20 protein, a key molecule controlling NF‐κB signaling. This variation caused a loss of a base A in TNFAIP3 gene at position 443_444, leading to a frameshift mutation and the production of a truncated A20 Lys148fs*67. A20 Lys148fs*67 failed to suppress TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB activation and might act through haploinsufficiency. Vaccines work by triggering an immune response to a virus or bacterium within the body. A20 negatively regulates NF‐κB signaling to protect immune system from overactivation. In our case, the newly identified mutation in the TNFAIP3 led to the production of a loss‐of‐function A20 Lys148fs*67, which lost the ability to inhibit inflammation. The patient with such a heterozygous mutation, when facing with the “second hit” of COVID‐19 vaccination challenge, might produce excessive amounts of inflammatory cytokines and formed "cytokine storm" duo to A20 haploinsufficiency, eventually leading to the progression from APS to EMZL.
Simultaneous inference of multiple plasma parameter profiles by utilizing transport properties
Authors: Nishizawa Takashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNumerical techniques for the computation of posterior distribution ease restrictions on inference models, and multiple plasma parameters can be simultaneously inferred with detailed modelling of uncertainties. In addition, data that depend on multiple parameters in a complex manner can also be utilized. This paper discusses frameworks that further expand the inference capability by including transport properties in plasmas. A prior belief based on a transport equation helps to localize the posterior distribution, and when ample diagnostic capability is available, even unknown parameters in the transport model can be estimated. Furthermore, these transport parameters can be directly inferred when the profiles of the measurable plasma parameters can be easily calculated for the given transport properties.
Secondary electron emission and collisional effects in a two‐electron temperature plasma sheath
Authors: Sharma Gunjan , Paul Rupali , Deka Kishor , Moulick Rakesh , Adhikari Sayan , Kausik Siddhartha Sankar , Saikia Bipul Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe effects of secondary electron emission from the surface of a material that is in direct contact with a plasma containing two different electron groups have been investigated based on the hydro‐dynamic sheath model. The two‐electron groups present in the system have distinct densities and temperatures. They are described by the non‐extensive distribution function, whereas cold ions are assumed to be fluid elements. In addition, the effect of ion‐neutral collision has also been taken into account. The study reveals that the electron non‐extensivity has a significant effect on the secondary electron population as well as space charge deposition near the wall. The results obtained from the study will provide a better understanding of the plasma‐wall transition region under an electron‐emitting condition.
Parachute shape ultra‐wideband wearable antenna for remote health care monitoring
Authors: Singh Vinod Kumar , Bangari Naresh , Ali Zakir , Vyas Anupam , Verma Ramesh Kumar , Saxena Anurag 
Published: March 2023

SummaryWireless body area networks (WBAN) is used to measure patients' health conditions continuously. Different kinds of sensors are required to measure health conditions. When such types of antennas are used on the human body, they are flexible with the movements. The usage of wearable devices is currently increasing in the biomedical field. The presented wearable antenna is suitable for biomedical applications. The presented ultra‐wideband (UWB) flexible parachute shape wearable antenna is fabricated on a jeans textile substrate. The prototype antenna has a −10 dB measured impedance bandwidth of 5800 MHz (7 to 12.8 GHz) with average radiation efficiency of 75.28%. The prototype antenna's size is 40 × 40 mm2 (1.32 × 1.32
at centre frequency 9.9 GHz) and a peak gain of 4.5 dB at 12.33 GHz. The fabricated antenna is suitable for biomedical applications in X‐band frequencies and can be implemented with a low‐cost manufacturing process. The radiating element is made by conductive copper tape. Muscle‐equivalent phantoms are used to analyze the body effect on antenna performance. The radiation effect emitted by the presented antenna on the human body is calculated by the specific absorption rate (SAR) value. The maximum SAR value of the proposed antenna is 1.84 W/kg at 12.33 GHz. This leads to promising results for wearable applications related to remote health care monitoring, such as biotelemetry and mobile health with a sensor‐driven approach.
A case in which the tip of a plastic stent placed to prevent recurrence of walled‐off necrosis penetrated the bile duct and formed a stent–stone complex
Authors: Sakuma Fumi , Irisawa Atsushi , Noguchi Satoaki , Abe Yoko , Hoshi Koki , Yamamiya Akira , Nagashima Kazunori , Kashima Ken , Kunogi Yasuhito , Fukushi Koh , Inaba Kohei , Oike Ken , Furuki Saori , Tominaga Keiichi , Goda Kenichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA woman in her 60s underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis. Unfortunately, post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis occurred. In addition, huge walled‐off necrosis (WON) appeared as a late complication. For the infected WON, endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fistuloplasty and endoscopic necrosectomy were performed, and a double pigtail plastic stent (PS) (7Fr, 7 cm) was placed to prevent a recurrence. Plain computed tomography conducted two years later showed that the stent implanted for WON had deviated. The distal end of the stent was found to have migrated into the bile duct. In addition, common bile duct stones with stents as nuclei were observed. Upon performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, it was revealed that the stent tip perforated the distal bile duct just above the papilla. After removal of the stent using grasping forceps, we made an incision between the duodenal – bile duct fistula and bile duct orifice using a sphincterotome. Then, the stone was removed by a balloon catheter. Although such late adverse events are rare occurrences, placement of long‐term PS after treatment of WON should be followed up regularly with imaging examination, and if there is no recurrence for several months, removal of the PS at that point may be considered.
Does paternal care influence mate preference? Male and female mating behavior in Threespine Stickleback ecotypes that differ markedly in parental care
Authors: Corney Rachel H. , Weir Laura K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractReproductive isolation can occur due to divergence in sexual selection for particular traits. For example, differences in mate preference associated with body size can play an important role in divergence between groups. The importance of mate preference for population divergence may be influenced by other aspects of a mating system, such as the requirement for parental care. In Nova Scotia, Canada, two ecotypes of marine Threespine Stickleback occur sympatrically: a “common” ecotype wherein males provide parental care, and a “white” ecotype that does not exhibit paternal care. The goal of our study was to examine differences in male mate preference between white and common stickleback males to test the prediction that males who invest more in parental care may be more selective about their mates. Because of the link between size and fecundity in this species, we predict that males that invest in parental care should prefer large females, while males that do not provide care will not exhibit preference for larger female size. We found that common male stickleback preferred larger‐bodied females of both ecotypes, while white males showed a preference for larger‐bodied common females. Secondarily, we assessed whether females differed in their willingness to mate with males of different sizes and ecotypes. Common female stickleback had a higher response rate toward smaller white males, which may be associated with their relatively high courtship rates. Counter to previous studies on these ecotypes that suggest that mating is completely assortative, interecotype matings occurred in half of the observed spawning events. This observation, coupled with the results that males may prefer females based mainly on size and females respond to males who court more rigorously regardless of their ecotype, may lend insight into recent genetic evidence for hybridization in the wild.
Nitrogen is unlikely to consistently limit primary productivity in most tropical lakes
Authors: Fadum Jemma M. , Hall Ed K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite mounting evidence that tropical lakes may experience an array of phytoplankton nutrient limitation regimes, references to low‐latitude lakes being predominantly nitrogen limited remain common in the literature. To assess the current understanding of nutrient limitation regimes in tropical lakes, we performed a literature review with the following objectives: First, quantify and summarize observations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and colimitation in the collected studies. Second, identify common drivers of tropical nutrient limitation regimes. Third, provide literature‐informed recommendations for future research efforts into nutrient limitation of tropical lakes. We report that not only is N not the dominant limiting nutrient in the reviewed lakes, but tropical lakes exhibit a wide range of nutrient limitation regimes, and there is often considerable heterogeneity of the dominant limiting nutrient within an individual lake. This heterogeneity is driven largely by seasonal patterns of water column stratification and precipitation, land use and land cover (LULC), and the interaction of these system characteristics with lake morphology. To accurately characterize nutrient limitation in tropical aquatic ecosystems, assessments need to include sampling across space and time in order to capture within‐lake spatial heterogeneity and both inter‐ and intra‐annual temporal variation. Whenever possible, both inferential and experimental approaches should be used in concert to determine nutrient limitation due to methodological limitations.
A Tetrapodal Penta‐Carbene Ligand and Iron(III) Complex
Authors: Gau Michael R. , Kurta Peter , Keller Taylor M. , Scepaniak Jeremiah J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe report the first tetrapodal pentadentate ligand composed of five N‐heterocyclic carbene donors. The proto‐ligand [CC4H5Me](OTf)3 (3) is formed in good yields from commercially available reagents. Upon removal of 5 proton equivalents from 3 with bulky non‐nucleophilic bases a dianionic penta‐carbene framework is provided in good yields as a dilithium complex CC4MeLi2 (4). Addition of FeCl3 to a solution of 4 formed in situ provides CC4MeFeCl (5) in moderate yield. Solution‐state magnetism measurements of 5 are consistent with a S=1/2 Fe(III) center. The related diamagnetic Fe(II) compound CC4MeFe (6) can be formed through reduction of 5 using KC8 though poor solubility characteristics have hampered its formation on a preparative scale and full characterization.
Performance evaluation, environmental regulation, and urban land green use efficiency: Evidence from China
Authors: Fan Xianxian , Zhou Yunlei , Xie Qiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnvironmental regulation plays an important role in enhancing urban land green use efficiency (ULGUE), while economic and environmental performance evaluation may also impact ULGUE in the Chinese context. Using data from 282 prefecture‐level cities in China from 2006 to 2019, this article empirically tests the impacts of performance evaluation and environmental regulation on ULGUE by establishing a two‐way fixed‐effect model. The results show that environmental regulation has a significant contribution to ULGUE. However, environmental regulation also significantly increase carbon emissions from urban construction land, which is mainly influenced by the Chinese government's performance assessment. Therefore, the effect of performance evaluation is also examined. Economic performance evaluation is detrimental to environmental regulation and ULGUE, while environmental performance evaluation significantly contribute to both. Furthermore, economic performance evaluation and environmental regulation can synergistically promote ULGUE, however, environmental performance evaluation failed to have the same synergistic effect. Notably, when the ratio of economic performance evaluation to environmental performance evaluation was 2:8, performance evaluation and environmental regulation reached the optimal level for promoting ULGUE. Therefore, to improve ULGUE, it is necessary to establish and strengthen the constraint mechanism of environmental regulation on carbon emission from urban construction land. Meanwhile, local governments' performance assessment mechanism must be improved and the ratio of economic to environmental performance evaluation should be reasonably configured.
Reversible hydrogen storage in Li‐functionalized [2,2,2]paracyclophane at cryogenic to room temperatures: A computational quest
Authors: Sahoo Rakesh K. , Sahu Sridhar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, we have studied the H2 adsorption‐desorption properties and storage capacities of [2,2,2]paracyclophane (PCP222) functionalized with Li atoms, using dispersion‐corrected density functional theory and molecular dynamic simulation. The Li atom was found to bond strongly with the benzene ring of PCP222 via Dewar interaction. Subsequently, the calculation of the diffusion energy barrier revealed a significantly high energy barrier of 1.38 eV, preventing the Li clustering on PCP222. The host material, PCP222‐3Li, adsorbed up to 15H2 molecules via charge polarization mechanism with an average adsorption energy of 0.145 eV/5H2, suggesting physisorption type of adsorption. The PCP222 functionalized with three Li atoms showed a maximum hydrogen uptake capacity of up to 8.32 wt%, which was fairly above the US‐DOE criterion. The practical H2 storage estimation revealed that the PCP222‐3Li desorbed 100% of adsorbed H2 molecules at the temperature range of 260 K to 300 K and pressure range of 1 bar to 10 bar. The maximum H2 desorption temperature estimated by the Vant‐Hoff relation was found to be 219 K and 266 K at 1 bar and 5 bar, respectively. The ADMP molecular dynamics simulations assured the reversibility of adsorbed H2 and the structural integrity of the host material at sufficiently above the desorption temperature (300 K and 500 K). Therefore, the Li‐functionalized PCP222 can be considered as a thermodynamically viable and potentially reversible H2 storage material below room temperature.