bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bempegaldesleukin Plus Nivolumab in Untreated Advanced Melanoma: The Open-Label, Phase III PIVOT IO 001 Trial Results
Authors: Diab Adi , Gogas Helen , Sandhu Shahneen , Long Georgina V. , Ascierto Paolo A. , Larkin James , Sznol Mario , Franke Fabio , Ciuleanu Tudor E. , Pereira Caio , Muñoz Couselo Eva , Bronzon Damian Fernanda , Schenker Michael , Perfetti Aldo , Lebbe Celeste , Quéreux Gaëlle , Meier Friedegund , Curti Brendan D. , Rojas Carlos , Arriaga Yull , Yang Haisu , Zhou Ming , Ravimohan Shruthi , Statkevich Paul , Tagliaferri Mary A. , Khushalani Nikhil I. 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE Despite marked advances in the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma, the need for novel therapies remains. Bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG), a pegylated interleukin-2 (IL-2) cytokine prodrug, demonstrated efficacy in the phase II PIVOT-02 trial. PIVOT IO 001 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03635983 ) is a phase III, randomized, open-label study that builds on the PIVOT-02 results in first-line melanoma. METHODS Patients with previously untreated, unresectable, or metastatic melanoma were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive BEMPEG plus nivolumab (NIVO) or NIVO monotherapy. Primary end points were objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) by blinded independent central review and overall survival (OS). Secondary and exploratory end points included additional efficacy measures, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics analyses. RESULTS In 783 patients (n = 391, BEMPEG plus NIVO; n = 392, NIVO monotherapy), the median follow-up was 11.6 months in the intent-to-treat population. The ORR with BEMPEG plus NIVO was 27.7% versus 36.0% with NIVO (two-sided P = .0311). The median PFS with BEMPEG plus NIVO was 4.17 months (95% CI, 3.52 to 5.55) versus 4.99 months (95% CI, 4.14 to 7.82) with NIVO (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; 97% CI, 0.88 to 1.35; P = .3988). The median OS was 29.67 months (95% CI, 22.14 to not reached [NR]) with BEMPEG plus NIVO versus 28.88 months (95% CI, 21.32 to NR) with NIVO (HR, 0.94; 99.929% CI, 0.59 to 1.48; P = .6361). Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) and serious AE rates were higher with the combination (21.7% and 10.1%, respectively) versus NIVO (11.5% and 5.5%, respectively). BEMPEG PK exposure and absolute lymphocyte count changes after BEMPEG plus NIVO were comparable between PIVOT IO 001 and PIVOT-02. CONCLUSION The PIVOT IO 001 study did not meet its primary end points of ORR, PFS, and OS. Increased toxicity was observed with BEMPEG plus NIVO versus NIVO.
Burnout and Appreciation: A Cross-Sectional Study Assessing Preferences for Appreciation Among Oncology Clinicians
Authors: Heimbeck Doerte , Gore Laurence R. , Bickel-Young Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE Feeling appreciated is related to increased well-being/reduced burnout. We developed a health care–specific appreciation assessment for clinicians, exploring what impactful appreciation looks like and whether it differs across a diverse provider population. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted with a diverse oncology clinician population in academic medicine as part of a general well-being survey. A total of 28 different methods of appreciation were assessed for their impact on feeling appreciated. RESULTS A total of 405 clinicians participated (response rate, 58%). No single method of appreciation showed high/low impact for everyone, although seven methods received high impact ratings from 60% or more, including inclusion in decision making (76%), private words of affirmation (64%), positive feedback about skills (63%), positive comments about clinical care from patients/families (62%), efforts to reduce daily frustrations (62%), signs of trust in medical skills (62%), and time for self-care (62%). The least impactful methods of appreciation describe public expression of accomplishments, leadership rounding, and awards but each still receive a rating of moderate/high impact from 33% of participants. CONCLUSION Appreciation comes from many different places and takes on multiple forms, suggesting that making healthcare workers (HCWs) feel valued takes the efforts of colleagues, leaders, the system as well as patients. There exists no one perfect way of showing appreciation, and no one method is meaningless for all. The impact on feeling valued is primarily a function of the specific appreciation method and not the demographic/personal characteristics of the recipient. The findings highlight modifiable factors that—when intervened upon—can reduce burnout and address organization-level determinants of burnout impactfully.
Analysis of the higher-harmonics radiation suppression in tapered free-electron lasers with phase shifters
Authors: Kalitenko A. M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The article presents a study of the higher-harmonics radiation suppression in tapered free-electron lasers (FELs) with phase shifters. To increase the power and efficiency of the FEL, tapering is used —a decrease in the parameter K along the laser axis. Undulator tapering is one of the methods for designing multi-terawatt X-ray FELs (XFELs), which are necessary for research in the field of non-linear optics. In the FELs, in addition to the fundamental harmonic there are also higher harmonics of the radiation field. In this article, we propose methods to suppress the higher harmonics of radiation to improve the quality of radiation for the study of the higher-harmonic generation in crystals, etc. Our method can be transferred to other systems as well.
Anatomical variations of the frontal sinus: A computed tomography-based study
Authors: Al Hatmi Asma Sulaiman , Al Ajmi Eiman , Albalushi Halima , Al Lawati Meetham , Sirasanagandla Srinivasa Rao 
Published: August 2023

Background: The pneumatization of the frontal sinus is variable between individuals, including monozygotic twins. The volumetric anatomic variants of the frontal sinus are classified into aplasia, hypoplasia, medium-sized, and hyperplasia. We aimed to study the frontal sinus morphology in Omani patients using computed tomography (CT) evaluations. Methods: Retrospectively, 1220 frontal sinus CT scans from 610 patients investigated at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman, from January 2019 to December 2020 were reviewed. The frontal sinus morphology was classified according to the classification proposed by Guerram et al. The Chi-square test was used to determine the influence of sex. Results: With regard to the unilateral occurrence, the most prevalent frontal sinus category observed was medium-sized (13.3%), followed by hyperplasia (7.9%), hypoplasia (5.4%), and aplasia (2%) categories. Similarly, in bilateral occurrence, the most common frontal sinus category observed was medium-sized (53%), followed by hyperplasia (13.1%), hypoplasia (3.4%) and aplasia (2%) categories. Right and left frontal sinus aplasia were observed in 2.1% and 1.8% of cases, respectively. In terms of sex influence, the left unilateral (p<0.01) and the bilateral hypoplasia (p<0.05) were significantly higher in females. On the other hand, the left unilateral (p<0.01) and the bilateral hyperplasia (p<0.05) were higher in males. Conclusions: The baseline data of frontal sinus category frequencies reported in the present study is helpful in the diagnostic evaluation of sinusitis in the clinical setting. The preoperative recognition of frontal sinus types, particularly frontal sinus aplasia in multiplanar CT scans, is crucial to avoid unexpected complications while performing endoscopic sinus surgery.
Effect of blood flow restriction training on pressure pain threshold and hand function among adults with persistent neck pain: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sidiq Mohammad , Chahal Aksh , Bansal Nitesh , Alam Sajjad , Verma Rituraj , Reddy Vajrala Krishna , Sharma Jyoti , Khan Sumera , Sharma Yamini , Janakiraman Balamurugan , Hirendra Rai Richa , Malhotra Nitesh 
Published: August 2023

Background: Persistent neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition that affects the quality of life and functional abilities of individuals. Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) is a novel therapeutic approach that involves restricting blood flow to exercising muscles to enhance strength and function. However, limited research has been conducted on the effects of BFRT on pressure pain threshold and hand function in adults with persistent neck pain. This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the potential benefits of BFRT as a treatment intervention for this population. Methods: This study will be a prospective parallel group active controlled trail done at Physiotherapy Department, Galgotias University. Ethical clearance has been obtained from Departmental Ethics Committee on 19/05/2023 with reference number DEC/PT/GU/2023 and the Trial has been registered with Clinical Trial Registry India CTRI/2023/06/053439. Informed consent will be obtained from all the participants who are eligible to be included in the study. 110 patients with persistent neck pain will be randomly allocated into two groups. The BFRT group will receive supervised training sessions three times a week for eight weeks, performing low-load resistance exercises with blood flow restriction applied using personalized cuff pressure. The control group will receive standard care for neck pain, which may include general advice, manual therapy, and/or home exercises without BFRT. The primary outcome measures will be the pressure pain threshold, assessed using a pressure Algometer, and hand function, evaluated using standardized tests such as Hand Grip Strength and Purdue Peg board Test. Results: The data obtained will be analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, and the significance level will be set at p<0.05. Conclusion: This trial will contribute valuable contribution highlighting the potential benefits of BFR training in improving pressure pain threshold and hand function in adults with persistent neck pain.
Fundamentos teóricos para una distinción clara entre el comportamiento ético y el normativo-moral en el desempeño profesional del psicólogo
Authors: García Avitia César Augusto 
Published: August 2023

El comportamiento ético profesional es un fenómeno complejo que no puede limitarse al seguimiento literal de los artículos en un código. Las normas deontológicas profesionales, morales o jurídicas son de gran relevancia, pero no representan todos los elementos involucrados en la ética profesional. Para lograr que los psicólogos se desempeñen éticamente es necesario plantear la ética profesional como un tipo de comportamiento y explorar el proceso previo que lo impulsa, siendo insuficiente observar y juzgar una acción concreta o sus consecuencias para identificarlo. El objetivo de este artículo es fundamentar teóricamente la diferencia entre el comportamiento ético y el comportamiento normativo-moral en el desempeño profesional del psicólogo. El método de este estudio es de tipo teórico documental y requirió de procesos de análisis, síntesis y reelaboración conceptual. Para cumplir el objetivo se analizaron los conceptos de ética, moral, deontología profesional y comportamiento; las teorías de la ética de la responsabilidad y la ética dialógica discursiva; diversas declaraciones y códigos éticos-deontológicos profesionales de la psicología; la teoría del sistema dual sobre pensamiento; los modelos de toma de decisiones éticas y teorías del razonamiento moral. Como resultado, se construyó un sustento teórico para respaldar la tesis que defiende que el comportamiento ético profesional del psicólogo debe distinguirse del comportamiento normativo-moral, para lo cual pueden usarse criterios como la autonomía, los sistemas de pensamiento, los valores que guían la toma de decisiones, la utilización del diálogo y el tipo de razonamiento moral que determina el comportamiento.
An Optimization Case Study in Analyzing Missouri Redistricting
Authors: Dobbs Kiera W. , Swamy Rahul , King Douglas M. , Ludden Ian G. , Jacobson Sheldon H. 
Published: August 2023

Every 10 years, U.S. states redraw their congressional and state legislative district plans. This process decides the political landscape for the subsequent 10 years. Prior to the 2021 redistricting cycle, Missouri enacted new criteria for state legislative districts. The Missouri League of Women Voters (LWV-MO) contacted the authors to analyze the potential impact of these new criteria on the map-drawing process. We apply recombination (a spanning tree method) within a local search optimization framework to analyze the interplay between political geography, constitutional requirements, and political fairness in Missouri. We use this framework to produce district plans that satisfy the new criteria and prioritize different aspects of fairness. The results, quantified by several measures of fairness, reveal an inherent Republican advantage in Missouri because of the state’s political geography and constitutional requirements. We conclude that Missouri’s political geography and constitutional requirements prevent the optimization framework from substantially improving political fairness in state legislative plans. In contrast, the framework can substantially improve political fairness in Missouri congressional plans, which are not subject to the new requirements. The LWV-MO used this work to advocate for fairness and transparency in their testimonies for the Missouri redistricting commission’s public hearings. History: This paper was refereed. Funding: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program [Grant DGE-1746047]. S. H. Jacobson was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-19-1-0106]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.2022.0037 .
The surgical care of diabetic feet: a survey about clinics, acute care, and the surgical specialists involved
Authors: Campbell B , Muse S , Welchman S , Hardy T , Guy A 
Published: August 2023

Introduction Diabetic foot problems are becoming increasingly common. Diabetic foot care services are fundamental in managing them, and there is the further issue of acute surgery for foot sepsis. The involvement of different surgical specialists has been variable; this survey aimed to provide information about current service provision. Methods Questionnaires were emailed to Vascular Society members, and targeted approaches were then undertaken. Results We aimed to obtain information from 61 localities identified as providing shared services, and received informative responses from 46 (75%). These described diabetic foot clinics each day (11%), or once (50%), twice (13%) or three times (17%) weekly – attended regularly by vascular surgeons, and less frequently by orthopaedic surgeons. The frequency of clinics was considered inadequate by 30% of respondents, and only 75% reported written policies for diabetic foot care pathways. Operations for acute foot sepsis are done by vascular surgeons in 98% of localities and by orthopaedic surgeons in 22% (in some localities by both): the latter are orthopaedic foot specialists in all localities but two. Both specialties perform a range of foot procedures, including toe/foot-preserving operations. Major amputations are done by vascular surgeons in 98% of localities and by orthopaedic surgeons in only 9%. All deformity correction procedures are performed by orthopaedic surgeons. Conclusion This survey shows that diabetic foot clinics are now held frequently in most localities. There is variation in the involvement of vascular and orthopaedic surgeons. Some localities need to consider increased provision of clinics and better defined pathways of care.
Transparent nanopaper for ultrashort pulse generation in the near-infrared region
Authors: Zhang Weiguang , Duan Zhixia , Guo Yixuan , Zhong Qize , Wang Haolei , Zhang Xiongxing , Chen Haibin , Zhang Junying , Guo Zilong , Wang Wei , Li Xiaohui 
Published: August 2023

Transparent nanopaper (T-paper) can be applied in the field of electromagnetic shielding materials, antistatic materials, composite conductive materials, electric pool materials, super capacitors, and thermal management systems. However, this kind of T-paper has not been employed in ultrafast photonics yet. For the first time, to our knowledge, transparent electrical nanopaper is used in fiber lasers, different from the conventional pulsed fiber laser, which operates in the Q-switched regime under low pump power and then in the mode-locked regime under high pump power. Mode-locking is achieved first with a pulse duration of 550 fs under low pump power (166 mW). When further increasing the pump power up to 198 mW, the proposed fiber laser can be converted from a mode-locked to Q-switched state, which is a result of the two-photon absorption effect. The proposed fiber laser based on T-paper can be potentially applied in optical tomography, metrology, spectroscopy, micro-machining technology, and biomedical diagnostics.
The bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in respiratory tract samples from art-experienced HIV-positive adults in Uganda
Authors: Lubega Gloria , Abaasa Andrew , Ochola Willyfred , Kikaire Bernard , Lutaakome Joseph , Rugazira Eugene , Mayanja Yunia 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMicrobial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are responsible for approximately 70% of illnesses among PLWH. Drug resistant bacteria are highly prevalent among PLWH and this is a public health concern.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of data collected during the COSTOP trial between 2011 and 2013. Sputum collected on spot from participants presenting with a productive cough was examined using Gram, Ziehl-Neelsen stains and cultured on suitable bacteriological media. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done on isolated pathogens, by disc diffusion technique.ResultsWe included 687 participants with mean age 41.3 (SD 8.2) years of whom 76.4% were female. Two hundred one sputum samples grew bacteria;Moraxella species(27.4%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(25.4%),Haemophilus influenza(22.4%),Mycobacterium species(4.5%),Pseudomonas species(4.0%),Staphylococcus aureus(4.0%),Escherichia coli(1.0%),Klebsiella species(1.0%), other bacteria (10.4%). A higher monthly income greater than or equal to 30$ (aOR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.40–0.99) and longer duration since HIV diagnosis (aOR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.0–1.11) were found to be independently associated with a positive bacterial culture. Moraxellasp, H.influenzaand Pseudomonas had zero sensitivity towards cotrimoxazole. Sensitivity to erythromycin was low among Moraxellasp(28.6%), H.influenza(31.6%) and S.aureus(42.9%) and other bacteria (42.9%). Most isolates were sensitive to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone.ConclusionThere is a very low sensitivity of isolated bacteria to commonly prescribed antibiotics that are more available through the national supply chain, which is of public health concern. Urgent steps to tackle the high antimicrobial resistance among PLWH is required.
Epidemiology of syphilis infections among pregnant women in Tanzania: Analysis of the 2020 national representative sentinel surveillance
Authors: Sunguya Bruno , Mboya Erick Alexander , Mizinduko Mucho , Balandya Belinda , Sabasaba Amon , Amani Davis Elias , Kamori Doreen , Ruhago George , Mkumbwa Rebecca , Faustine Prosper , Maokola Werner , Sambu Veryeh , Mushi Jeremiah , Nyamuhagata Mukome , Jullu Boniphace S. , Juya Amir , Rugemalila Joan , Mgomella George , Asiimwe Sarah , Pembe Andrea B. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Syphilis has detrimental effects on the health of the mother and that of both fetuses and newborns exposed in utero or at delivery. Understanding its local epidemiology is essential for policies, planning, and implementation of targeted preventive interventions. Using data from the 2020 National Sentinel Surveillance of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANCs) in Tanzania we determined the prevalence and determinants of syphilis among pregnant women in Tanzania mainland.

Methodology
The ANC surveillance was conducted in 159 ANC sites from all 26 regions of Tanzania’s mainland from September to December 2020. It included all pregnant women 15 years and above on their first ANC visit in the current pregnancy during the survey period. Counseling for syphilis was done using standard guidelines at the ANC and testing was done using rapid SD Bioline HIV/Syphilis Duo test kits. Analysis was done using both descriptive statistics to determine the prevalence and characteristics of syphilis, whereas, logistic regressions were used to examine the independent association between syphilis and dependent variables.

Results
A total of 38,783 women [median age (Interquartile range (IQR)) = 25 (21–30) years] participated in the surveillance. Of them, 582 (1.4%) tested positive for syphilis. A wide regional variation was observed with the highest burden in Kagera (4.5%) to the lowest burden in Kigoma (0.3%). The odds of syphilis infections were higher among older women and those with no formal education. Compared with primigravids, women with 1–2, those with 3–4 and those with more than four previous pregnancies had 1.8 (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.5), 2.1 (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.1) and 2.6 (aOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7–3.9) higher odds of syphilis infection respectively.

Conclusion
Syphilis is still prevalent among pregnant women in Tanzania with a wide regional disparity. Efforts to prevent new infections, screen pregnant women, and treat those infected should be strategized to include all regions and renewed emphasis on regions with high burden, and importantly among women who are multipara, with a low level of education, and advanced age.