bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpack the black box of pilot sampling in policy experimentation: A qualitative comparative analysis of China's public hospital reform
Authors: He Alex Jingwei , Fan Yumeng , Su Rui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGovernments increasingly use policy experimentation programs to seek solutions for complex problems. Because randomization and controllability are unrealistic for real‐world policy experiments, how subnational pilots are selected is crucial for generating sound evidence for national replication. However, the received wisdom on pilot sampling is thin and paradoxical. While some studies suggest that policymakers prefer to select regions with favorable conditions, others contend that securing representativeness remains the principal concern when it comes to pilot selection. This study resolves the paradox by elucidating the logic of selecting pilots in large policy experimentation programs. We focus on China's huge public hospital reform program and through a novel research design that combines comparative qualitative analysis and illustrative case studies we seek to explain the strategy for pilot selection. Our analyses reveal five distinctive pathways of pilot sampling: piloting for challenge, piloting for advancement, piloting for innovation, piloting for action, and piloting for regional generalization. Each modality represents a specific experimental purpose. We reveal that piloting serves as a versatile governance tool that can fulfill multiple functions in complex reforms.
Nondomain biopolymers: Flexible molecular strategies to acquire biological functions
Authors: Arakawa Kazuharu , Hirose Tetsuro , Inada Toshifumi , Ito Takuhiro , Kai Toshie , Oyama Masaaki , Tomari Yukihide , Yoda Takao , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA long‐standing assumption in molecular biology posits that the conservation of protein and nucleic acid sequences emphasizes the functional significance of biomolecules. These conserved sequences fold into distinct secondary and tertiary structures, enable highly specific molecular interactions, and regulate complex yet organized molecular processes within living cells. However, recent evidence suggests that biomolecules can also function through primary sequence regions that lack conservation across species or gene families. These regions typically do not form rigid structures, and their inherent flexibility is critical for their functional roles. This review examines the emerging roles and molecular mechanisms of “nondomain biomolecules,” whose functions are not easily predicted due to the absence of conserved functional domains. We propose the hypothesis that both domain‐ and nondomain‐type molecules work together to enable flexible and efficient molecular processes within the highly crowded intracellular environment.
Quantification of element levels and arsenic species in commonly available rice in Sri Lanka and assessment of adverse health effects
Authors: Senarathne E.M.N.S. , Edirisinghe E.M.R.K.B. , Kim Tae‐Young , Yoo Ji‐Hyock 
Published: May 2023

SummaryQuantification of some important elements, including several heavy metals, and assessment of health risks associated with rice consumption was conducted. Twelve different rice varieties were analysed for fourteen metals i.e. As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, U, and Zn using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS). In addition, arsenic species were separated and determined by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with ICP‐MS. The As levels ranged from 24.16 to 178.66 μg kg−1, while Cd levels varied from 31.38 to 155.88 μg kg−1. The principal component analysis clearly differentiates traditional and non‐traditional varieties. The maximum Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) value, 120.56 μg kg−1 bw day−1, was reported for Zn from Kekulu Samba, while the highest Cancer Risk (CR) value, 1.17 × 10−02, was reported for Cd from red raw rice. The Madathawalu rice recorded the highest Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) value of 5.51. The EDI, CR, and THQ levels showed some health risks for some rice varieties. The most predominant species detected was As(III), followed by As(V), and the total inorganic As level ranged from 77.3 to 91.3%. THQ and CR levels suggested considerable potential non‐carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk due to the consumption of rice.
Quality disclosure and unauthorized channel choice
Authors: Yu Xiaohui , Xiao Tiaojun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhen a manufacturer sells products in two markets, its retailer may create an unauthorized channel to divert products between markets. This paper develops game models to investigate quality disclosure strategy of a manufacturer facing an unauthorized channel. We find that: if the cost of creating an unauthorized channel is high, or consumers’ acceptance degree of gray market product and the difference in consumers’ willingness to pay between markets are low, the manufacturer should conceal quality information to prevent unauthorized channel; if the three parameters are medium, the manufacturer should disclose quality information, and the retailer has a certain possibility to create an unauthorized channel; if the cost is low, or consumers’ acceptance degree and the difference between markets are high, the manufacturer should conceal quality information to save disclosure cost and allow unauthorized channel. When the retailer chooses quality disclosure strategy, it may voluntarily promise not to create an unauthorized channel.
Identification and verification of ferroptosis‐related genes in diabetic foot using bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoxiang , Dai Shangtai , Zheng Wenlian , Chen Wentao , Li Jiehua , Chen Xiaodong , Zhou Sitong , Yang Ronghua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is a novel form of cell death that plays a key role in several diseases, including inflammation and tumours; however, the role of ferroptosis‐related genes in diabetic foot remains unclear. Herein, diabetic foot‐related genes were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and the ferroptosis database (FerrDb). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression algorithm was used to construct a related risk model, and differentially expressed genes were analysed through immune infiltration. Finally, we identified relevant core genes through a protein–protein interaction network, subsequently verified using immunohistochemistry. Comprehensive analysis showed 198 genes that were differentially expressed during ferroptosis. Based on functional enrichment analysis, these genes were primarily involved in cell response, chemical stimulation, and autophagy. Using the CIBERSORT algorithm, we calculated the immune infiltration of 22 different types of immune cells in diabetic foot and normal tissues. The protein–protein interaction network identified the hub gene TP53, and according to immunohistochemistry, the expression of TP53 was high in diabetic foot tissues but low in normal tissues. Accordingly, we identified the ferroptosis‐related gene TP53 in the diabetic foot, which may play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot and could be used as a potential biomarker.
Effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions on mental, cognitive outcomes and neuroplastic changes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Leow Yihong , Rashid Nur Lidiya Binte Abdul , Klainin‐Yobas Piyanee , Zhang Zemiao , Wu Xi Vivien 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) on mental and cognitive outcomes including, anxiety, depression, attention, memory, global cognition and neuroplastic changes in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourceA three‐step search strategy was conducted on eight electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists from inception to February 2022.Review methodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining MBIs on older adults with MCI were screened and assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta‐analysis was conducted using RevMan using a random‐effect model. Narrative synthesis was performed for studies where results could not be pooled statistically.ResultsTen RCTs were included in the review. Results suggested that right frontal parietal and left inferior temporal gyrus of the brain showed increased cortical thickness after receiving MBIs. There were significant interaction effects for global efficiency and significant interactions in the insular and gyrus regions. Functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex, bilateral medial prefrontal cortex and left hippocampus were increased in participants undergoing MBIs. Nevertheless, meta‐analysis showed non‐significant pooled effects, favouring control groups on anxiety, depression, attention, memory and global cognition.ConclusionThis review suggested the potential effects of MBIs in improving cortical thickness and connectivity in regions associated with memory and attention. Nevertheless, the effects of MBIs compared to active control groups on depression, anxiety, attention, memory and global cognition are inconclusive due to the lack of studies and non‐significant results.ImpactThe review advocates for more rigorous studies with larger sample size and utilizing wait‐list controls to evaluate the effects of MBIs. MBIs can be considered as an adjunct with other therapies to further enhance the effect on psychological and cognitive outcomes for older adults with MCI.No Patient or Public Contribution as this is a meta‐analysis.
Development and psychometric testing of the perception of nursing profession instrument
Authors: Glerean Niina , Talman Kirsi , Glerean Enrico , Hupli Maija , Haavisto Elina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerceptions of the nursing profession influence career choices in nursing. An unrealistic perception might lead students to drop out of nursing education programmes. Objective measurement of the nursing applicants' perceptions at the student selection stage could enhance their career choices in nursing.AimTo develop and psychometrically evaluate the Perception of Nursing Profession Instrument (PNPI).DesignMixed method design.MethodTwo versions of the PNPI were developed during the years 2016–2022. The first version was based on documents describing the nursing profession and the second version was based on an integrative literature review, a focus groups study and a document analysis of descriptions of the nursing profession. The meta‐ethnographic approach was used to synthesize the results and form a theoretical framework for developing the PNPI (60 items). Item content validity was evaluated by an expert panel of nurses (n = 7). The psychometric properties of the instrument were analysed using the item response theory approach.ResultsThe development process resulted in the 40‐item PNPI with the following subscales: the content of nursing work, the career in nursing, the nature of nursing work and the characteristics of a nurse. The psychometric analysis revealed unidimensionality and goodness of fit to the partial credit model; however, the item difficulty was not well matched with the participants' abilities.ConclusionThe PNPI is a novel instrument for objectively measuring perceptions of the nursing profession. For further development, item difficulty must be enhanced to improve the measurement accuracy of the nursing applicants' perceptions of the nursing profession.ImpactPerceptions of the nursing profession influence career choices, but there is a lack of objective assessment instruments that can be used in nursing student selection setting to measure the perception. The results of this study offer an instrument to measure perception, while also suggesting ideas for further development.
Interaction of low‐level dietary supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck, 1890, and feeding duration on growth hormone, growth performance and serum biochemistry of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Talba , Shariff Mohamed , Goh Yong Meng , Banerjee Sanjoy , Yusoff Fatimah M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChlorella is one of the most widely accepted Chlorophyta used by many as livestock and aquaculture feed. Nonetheless, different studies on the overall performances of fish reported the unfavourable effect of high‐level supplementations of Chlorella vulgaris. The current study determined the impact of low‐level dietary supplementation of C. vulgaris alongside the different feeding durations and their interactions on the growth hormone (GH), growth performances, serum‐biochemical indices, hepatic function and some immunological parameters of red hybrid tilapia. The fingerlings (mean weight: 14.25 ± 0.01 g, length: 13.5 ± 0.49 cm) were fed diets containing 0, 0.99%, 2.91% and 4.76% of C. vulgaris powder per kilogram dry diet for 90 days. GH, growth performance, serum‐biochemical indices (total serum protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and some immunological (respiratory burst and lysozyme activities) parameters of the fish were examined after 30, 60 and 90 days of feeding. The results demonstrated that tilapia fed C. vulgaris–supplemented diets showed increased levels of respiratory burst, lysozyme, albumin and total protein, GH and growth performances (P < 0.05), and the effects were duration dependent. After the 90 days of feeding, there was no adverse effect on the hepatic function of the fish. Besides, low survivability was observed in the control group than in the group fed the experimental diets. The group fed the diet supplemented with 4.76% C. vulgaris had significantly higher (P < 0.05) lysozyme activity throughout the duration of the feeding experiment. These results indicate that C. vulgaris enhanced growth performances, GH concentration, serum‐biochemistry and some immunological parameters of red hybrid tilapia.
Defining and measuring singlehood in family studies
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri , Claessens Elke , Thielemans Gert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany authors have documented a global rise in singlehood during the past decades, expanding beyond Western or industrialized countries. Simultaneously, the number of single households is increasing, not only due to the aging of the population, but also because young adults are increasingly living solo. Whereas having no partner and solo living do not necessarily coincide, existing studies tend to overlook this distinction. In this paper, we provide conceptual clarity as to what types of singlehood can be distinguished, through a framework that builds on two dimensions: living solo and being partnered. Next, we delve into the issue of measurement. We illustrate the issues in implementing an extended singlehood framework to empirical data. To do so, we examine internationally comparative retrospective studies and prospective panel studies, and identify three levels of operationalization that current datasets achieve when identifying a redefined notion of singlehood.
Prognostic significance of a novel index score based on the inflammation‐based prognostic scores of patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Kudou Kensuke , Hasuda Hirofumi , Tsuda Yasuo , Kusumoto Eiji , Uehara Hideo , Yoshida Rintaro , Koga Tadashi , Yamashita Yo‐Ichi , Sakaguchi Yoshihisa , Kusumoto Tetsuya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to clarify the prognostic value of various inflammation‐based prognostic scores (IBPSs) in patients who underwent radical surgery for colorectal cancer (CRC) and to develop a novel prognostic index using IBPSs and other predictive factors.MethodsData of 1157 patients who underwent radical surgery for CRC were reviewed. The predictive value of various IBPSs in determining the CRC prognosis was compared. A novel index score based on the IBPSs and other parameters that were associated with survival in patients with CRC was established, and its usefulness was evaluated.ResultsThe patients were randomly divided into the training (n = 694) and validation (n = 463) sets. Male sex (P = 0.0001), age ≥ 75 years (P < 0.0001), a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level of > 5 (P = 0.0009), a C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) of ≥ 0.04 (P = 0.0033), and a prognostic nutritional index (PNI) of < 43.1 (P = 0.0004) were poor independent prognostic factors of overall survival. The novel index score was calculated based on the scores of these five prognostic factors. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the CRC patients with higher novel index scores in the training and validation datasets had poorer overall survival.ConclusionsCAR and PNI were superior to other IBPSs for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. The novel index score established based on sex, age, CEA level, CAR, and PNI can predict the prognosis of CRC with more precise and clearer stratification than the individual parameters alone.
The Heuristics and Biases of Top Managers: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Hodgkinson Gerard P. , Burkhard Barbara , Foss Nicolai J. , Grichnik Dietmar , Sarala Riikka M. , Tang Yi , Van Essen Marc 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPsychology‐grounded research on heuristics and biases in decision making has become increasingly influential in the field of management studies. However, although this line of inquiry is recognized as a valuable perspective for advancing understanding of decision processes in the upper echelons of firms, extant research remains unbalanced, the bulk of previous endeavours having been focused on managerial overconfidence, with insights from more recent dual‐process theory and ecological rationality conceptions of heuristics less explored. This introductory article to the special issue of the Journal of Management Studies, entitled ‘the heuristics and biases of top managers: Past, present, and future’, offers a reflective review of prior work addressing its focal theme and places the articles incorporated into the special issue within this broader context. In addition, it sets out a number of directions for future work, with a view to inspiring the continuing advancement of conceptual and empirical knowledge and management practice.
Preliminary analysis of the buccal mucosal fungal microbiome in oral lichen planus patients
Authors: Du Guanhuan , Jiang Xinke , Han Xiaozhe , Pan Lei , Tang Guoyao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the structure and co‐occurrence patterns of mucosal fungal community in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients.Subjects and MethodsMucosal swab samples from 20 OLP patients and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were collected and the mucosal mycobiomes were sequenced. The abundance, frequency, and diversity of fungi were analyzed, as well as the inter‐genera interactions. The associations between fungal genera and OLP severity were further identified.ResultsAt the genus level, the relative abundance of unclassified_Trichocomaceae was significantly decreased in the reticular and erosive OLP groups compared to HCs. Meanwhile, significantly lower levels of Pseudozyma were observed in the reticular OLP group compared to HCs. The negative:positive cohesiveness ratio was significantly lower in the OLP group than HCs, indicating a relatively unstable fungal ecological system in the OLP group. In the OLP group, the abundance of unclassified_Nectriaceae was significantly correlated with the reticulation/erythema/ulceration (REU) score.ConclusionsCompared to HCs, the decreased stability of fungal communities and the decreased abundances of two genera (unclassified_Trichocomaceae and Pseudozyma) on buccal mucosa were identified in OLP patients.
Personality processes of everyday moral courage
Authors: Baumert Anna , Mentrup Fabian Ezra , Klümper Lisa , Sasse Julia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionMoral courage manifests in acts intended to intervene to stop or redress witnessed moral norm violations, despite the risk of negative consequences for the intervener. We investigate moral courage in everyday life and ask what personality processes are involved. Based on an extended process model of moral courage, we derived hypotheses on cognitive and emotional processes that should facilitate or hinder intervention. Further, we identified candidate personality dispositions that should shape these processes and thereby predict who tends to intervene against others' norm violations and who does not.MethodsUsing a quota‐based sample of the German population (N = 1108), we conducted a personality assessment, followed by a 7‐day experience sampling during which participants reported norm violations witnessed in their daily life as well as their cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions.ResultsIn total, 678 participants reported 1965 norm violations and intervened against 32% of them. Dispositional self‐efficacy facilitated intervention by increasing a sense of efficacy when confronted with others' norm violations. Conversely, dispositional moral disengagement hindered intervention by reducing perceived own responsibility.DiscussionOur findings provide novel insights into the situations affording moral courage in everyday life, and the personality processes that uniquely guide this behavior.
Transabdominal ultrasound of rectal diameter in healthy infants: a prospective cohort study during the first year of life
Authors: Gatzinsky Cathrine , Sillén Ulla , Borg Helena , Boström Håkan , Abrahamsson Kate , Sjöström Sofia 
Published: May 2023

AimTransabdominal rectal ultrasound (TRU) is used to measure transverse rectal diameter (TRD) in order to diagnose functional constipation (FC) and megarectum, and to evaluate treatment. The proposed cut‐off value is 3.0 cm. Currently, no standardised values exist for children below the age of 4. We used repeated TRUs to establish reference TRD values in healthy infants and to describe rectal diameter in infants with FC.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study enrolled healthy term babies from a maternity department. TRD measurements were taken at 2 and 12 months of age, and questionnaires completed in interviews helped diagnose FC according to Rome III criteria.ResultsTwo hundred TRUs were performed on 110 infants (62 males). In infants without FC anytime, the mean TRD at 2 months was 1.56 (SD 0.32) cm and at 12 months 1.78 (0.47) cm, while the 95th percentiles were 2.26 and 2.64 cm, respectively. In 77 infants with two TRUs, the mean increase was 0.21 cm (95% confidence interval: 0.099–0.318). Thirteen infants were diagnosed with FC during the study period. At 2 and 12 months of age, there was no difference in TRD between infants with and without FC.ConclusionTRD increased from 2 to 12 months. We suggest 2.3 cm as an upper limit for normal TRD at 2 months and 2.6 cm at 12 months. Infants diagnosed with FC did not have a greater TRD than infants without, either before or after treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of TRU in infants with FC or megarectum.