bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test and Analysis of the Protection Efficiency of a New Type Thermal Sleeve
Authors: Liu YY , Ding LH , Zhang H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As an additional part of the artillery barrel, the thermal sleeve is a cladding made of insulation or thermal conductive material mounted on the outer surface of the barrel, which can greatly reduce the bending deformation caused by sunlight exposure of the barrel, thus improving the shooting accuracy of the artillery. In this paper, a new type diamond thermal sleeve on the barrel thermal protection efficiency is tested and analyzed, after testing, the protection efficiency can be as high as 71.6%, much higher than the ordinary thermal sleeve’s protection performance, so research of thermal sleeve is of great significance to improve the shooting accuracy of the artillery.
Effect of Rifling Height on Convective Heat Transfer Flux and Erosion for Cannon Barrel
Authors: Guo J H , Zhang H , Zhang X D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The effect of rifling height on erosion for cannon barrel was studied in this paper. An erosion velocity kernel function which is an Arrhenius type function revealing thermal and chemical effects is proposed. The erosion function is employed in numerical simulations to obtain the erosion depth after several rounds for two kinds of gun barrels at commencement of full rifling. By comparing final erosion depths obtained by numerical simulations and firing tests, it can be concluded that heat transfer flux between propellant gas and barrel with different rifles are absolutely different. Then the effect of rifle height on convective heat transfer flux is discussed in this paper.
Determination of Total Sulfur in Graphene with Organic Elemental Analyzer
Authors: Lu Y , Zhao H , Liu HC , Guo GJ , Wu LJ , You XR 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the present work, a method for the determination of total sulfur in graphene with the organic elemental analyzer is presented. The effects of combustion temperature, combustion time, oxygen flow rate, filling reagent, and other factors on measurement results were examined. The results showed that the optimum test results can be obtained when the combustion tube temperature is 1050°C, combustion time 80s, the oxygen flow rate 25 ml/min and tungsten oxide/copper scraps used as the filling reagent. The repeatability, stability, and spike recovery of this method fall into the ranges of 3.4%~ 5.1%, 4.5% ~ 6.6%, and 92.5% ~ 108.6%, respectively. The detection limit is 0.09%, and the deviation between this method and the Eschka method as an arbitration method is -0.02%~-0.08%. Since there is no significant difference between the two methods, both can be used for the accurate determination of total sulfur in graphene.
Study on damage of reactive fragment impacting partially-filled fuel tank
Authors: Xie Jian-wen , Guo Meng-meng , Liu Cheng-zhe , Wang Hai-fu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The damage effect of PTFE/Al/W reactive fragment impacting partially-filled fuel tank is investigated by combining the ballistic gun experiment and theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that, with the impact velocity ranging from 806m/s to 1331m/s, the reactive fragments successfully perforate the front plate of fuel tank and cause the flash-ignition of fuel/air mixture, but the fuel tank does not fail obviously. Based on the experimental results, a temperature analysis model of reactive debris is developed by combining the energy release characteristic of reactive material and the convective heat transfer model. The model result shows that the high-temperature reactive debris can effectively ignite fuel/air mixture, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.
Research on Mechanical Properties of Domestic T700S Carbon Fibers
Authors: Wang M , Zheng ZC , Xiao YC , Chen Y , Meng XW , Wang Q 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Two types of domestic T700S carbon fibers (CF1 and CF2) were investigated in three batches to find out their mechanical properties, including tensile properties of multifilament, tensile and bending properties of composites. The results showed that the mechanical properties of domestic T700S CF are comparable to those of Toray T700S CF with a small discrete coefficient obtained from experiments for the three batches of CF, and that the unidirectional CF2 composite laminates has the biggest tensile strength discrete coefficient, 3.84%. The difference of properties between the two types of fiber composites was analyzed using the optical contact angle measuring device. It was found that CF2 and resin have better wettability. The two types of carbon fibers were examined by the Ø150 mm standard pressure vessel. Temperature (high temperature, low temperature, and temperature impact) tests and aging tests revealed that: high temperature, low temperature, and temperature impact have little effect on the characteristic index of the pressure vessel; after 800h aging, the characteristic index of the pressure vessel decreased by 15.2%.
Demand and Current Situation of 3/8 mm Dual Band Transparent, Bulletproof and Stealth Integrated Radome Technology
Authors: Zhang K , Song HP , Zhou L , Liu ZT , Sun MJ 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Starting from the threats faced by land-based ground platforms and the battlefield environment, this paper discusses the necessity of the development of 3/8 mm dual band transparent, bulletproof and stealth integrated radome technology. By analyzing the domestic and international development status of relevant technologies, the main problems existing in the research of bulletproof radome are summarized. Finally, the difficulties in the development of this technology are analyzed.
New Explosive Composite Armor Technology for Light Armored Vehicles
Authors: Wang L , Han X , Wang LL , Ruan GG , Xin PX , Li N , Huang YS , Zheng W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Taking the future add-on armor of light armored platforms as the application background and research object, in view of armored combat vehicles’ weak survivability and low protection capability against RPGs and armor-piercing projectiles in urban warfare, and based on the research on protection mechanisms of traditional reactive and ceramic composite armor, a new type of explosive composite armor consisting of a composite shell, an explosive structural unit and a lightweight composite unit has been successfully developed. It provides effective protection against RPGs and armor-piercing projectiles at the same time. Compared with foreign data, its weight loss has reached 19%, making it a lightweight composite armor with low after-effect.
The Development Status and Trend of Guided Weapon Simulation Technology
Authors: Chao Yue , Guocai Dong , Manguo Liu , Ge Yu , Yixuan He 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As simulation technology plays an increasingly important role in the development of precision-guided weapons, it is urgent to study theories and methods in the intelligent, standardized and industrialized simulation technology. This paper mainly introduces the development status of guided weapon system simulation technologies in and outside of China in recent years. The domestic and foreign development of simulation technologies, methods and equipment of different guided weapon systems, including the system of image, laser, millimeter wave and integrated navigation, is compared and analyzed in detail. Finally, the insufficiency, development trend, and coping strategies of China’s guided weapon simulation technologies are proposed.
Attitude Calculation of Quadrotor UAV Based on Extended Kalman Filter and Complementary Filter
Authors: Bin Han , Zhongping Fan , Yilin Xun , Meng Wang , Yu Liu , Can Tao , Wei Wang , Hang Xu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Quadrotor UAV obtain the attitude calculation result from inertial measurement unit (IMU), but IMU has the the problems of high noise and low precision, to solve the problems, this paper first introduces the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and complementary filter, and uses them to filter the output of the accelerometer and magnetic sensor. The effects of the two methods are compared by static testing and dynamic testing. The results show that both filtering methods can improve the precision of the attitude angle solutions, but the EKF algorithm performs better.
Cooperative Task Allocation Algorithm of Loitering Munition Based on Exchange Contract
Authors: Wang Y Z , Shen L J , Luo Q , Lan Y X , Xue J G , Hou T , Hao F , Yue C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the task allocation of loitering munitions, a cooperative task allocation algorithm based on exchange contract is designed considering the target value, threat cost and battle path cost. Compared with the traditional contract net algorithm, its complexity is simplified, the calculation speeds up, and the local optimal problem is solved.
Application Scheme Design of BeiDou Ground-based Augmentation System for Guided Rockets
Authors: Shuanhu Yang , Peng Wu , Pengxiang Yang , Deming Chen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
China’s BeiDou Ground-based Augmentation System (GBAS) improves the accuracy of BeiDou satellites navigation system to the sub-meter level. GBAS is widely used in the navigation fields, such as civil vehicles, ships, drones, which produces significant economic benefits and lays the foundation for application of high dynamic missile. According to the application requirements of guided rocket, this paper designed a high dynamic real time differential (RTD) based on GBAS, and proposed the composition, principle, working flow, missile equipment devices and ground terminal, etc. Through the design analysis, it is hoped that this paper can provide reference for high dynamic application of GBAS.
Research on the Mode for New Quality Air Defense Weapons Integration into Air Defense System
Authors: Feng WQ , Shen JQ , Liu JT 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To address the evolving problem of how to applicate the increasingly developed laser, microwave, electromagnetic rail gun and other new quality air defense weapons after they are integrated into the air defense system, this paper summarizes three development states of the new quality air defense weapons system, namely, a small amount of equipment, a large number of equipment and intelligent integration, based on the performance development of new quality air defense weapons. For the first time, the system proposes three combat modes of new quality air defense weapons, namely, “pointed mode”, “layered mode” and “networked mode”, the air raid threat and application of each mode are clarified. This will provide ideas and methods for the operational application of new air quality defense weapons at different stages of development.
An Overview of Countermeasures Against Low-altitude, Slow-speed Small UAVs
Authors: Chi Zhang , Chun Zhang , Ruyi Kong , Shiyong Xing , Jiao Zhang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
With the rapid development of air combat weapons and integrated air defense system, air raid UAVs are developing towards miniaturization and clustering, which has higher requirements for air defense weapon system and greater air defense difficulty. In view of the threat of Low-altitude, Slow-speed Small UAVs to air defense system, this paper briefly describes the basic classification of UAV, introduces the market demand of anti Low-altitude, Slow-speed Small UAVs at the present stage, summarizes the basic strategies and five Damage methods of anti Low-altitude, Slow-speed Small UAVs, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, which provides a reference for understanding the current research status and carrying out the next research work.
Study on Artillery Aiming Control and the Development of Intelligent Autonomous Technology
Authors: Han CW , Li Z , Li CH , Hou JY , Dai P , Li W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In recent 70 years, the artillery aiming control technology has developed rapidly, and the control mode has experienced the development process of manual, semi-automatic and full-automatic. The development of the control mode of the new generation artillery aiming control system in the future is still in the stage of research and exploration, with relatively few research results and lack of systematicness. This paper analyzed the development related technologies of aiming control mode, puts forward an intelligent autonomous development mode and basic concept of artillery weapon equipment aiming control, discusses the characteristics and differences between artillery intelligent autonomous and conventional computer automatic control from the aspects of signal perception layer, control strategy layer and drive execution, and analyzes the development trend of artillery weapon equipment aiming control technology.
A teacher professional development course on quantum technologies: discussion of results
Authors: Sutrini C. , Malgieri M. , Zuccarini G. , Macchiavello C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We first present the evaluation of a professional development course for in-service teachers on quantum technologies which was initially presented at the GIREP Malta 2020 webinar about halfway into its development. The primary purpose of the course was to enhance physics teachers’ knowledge and awareness of topics related to quantum computation and quantum information, and of their relevance for technological advancement. However, our choice was not to present such topics as a simple addition to high school physics in the final year, but rather to inspect the whole physics and mathematics curriculum in the search for a longitudinal perspective, roughly based on the relationship between physics and computation, which could culminate in the treatment of quantum information topics. In the present contribution, we will focus on the educational outcomes of the course in terms of teacher appreciation, interest level and judgement of usefulness coming from both a final questionnaire and individual interviews. We will also describe a follow-up course structured to frame the topic from the standpoint of curriculum design and action research projects currently underway.
How to promote and sustain active-learning pedagogical reforms in University Physics through instructor apprenticeship
Authors: Feldman Gerald 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We describe a pedagogical reform at George Washington University and the means by which this innovation has been sustained over 14 years. We present the SCALE-UP collaborative group-learning approach and show data on student learning gains that confirm the effectiveness of this pedagogical methodology. By pairing experienced instructors with new instructors unfamiliar with the pedagogical approach, the new instructors can see the pedagogy in action and learn the techniques so they can conduct their own classes in later semesters. Over this period, we have involved 24 separate physics instructors (and also 8 astronomy instructors) who have taught class sections in this collaborative group-learning mode.
Specific moments in detection of superheavy nuclei: DGFRS-2 spectrometer
Authors: Ibadullayev D. , Tsyganov Y.S. , Polyakov A.N. , Voinov A.A. , Shumeiko M.V. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present the results of the first beam tests of the detection system at the focal plane of the Dubna Gas-Filled Recoil Separator-2 (DGFRS-2), which receives beams from the DC-280 FLNR cyclotron. The high beam intensity of 48Ca+10 heavy ions from the cyclotron enables us to obtain a number of superheavy recoils sufficient to compare both the measured and calculated spectra of superheavy recoils implanted into a silicon detector. A real-time algorithm to search for an Evaporation Residue (ER) — α correlated sequences is described in brief. It should be noted that the DGFRS-2 spectrometer operates in conjunction with the 48 × 128 strip DSSD (Double-sided Silicon Strip Detector; 48 × 226 mm2) detector and a low-pressure pentane-filled gaseous detector (1.2 Torr; 80 × 230 mm2). A block-diagram of the spectrometer and the event format are also presented. Special attention is paid to the response of a low-pressure pentane-filled ΔE multiwire proportional chamber for recoils of Fl, synthesized in the 242Pu + 48Ca → 287Fl + 3n complete fusion nuclear reaction. Some actual parameters of the detection system have also been extracted from natYb + 48Ca, 232Th + 48Ca, 243Am + 48Ca, 238U + 48Ca reactions. The effect of neighbor strip charge sharing for the ohmic side of the DSSD detector is also under consideration.
Fabrication and testing of bioinspired microstructured alumina composites with sacrificial interpenetrating polymer bonds
Authors: Sapasakulvanit Slocha , Chan Xin Ying , Le Ferrand Hortense 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Bioinspired composites exhibit well-defined microstructures, where anisotropic ceramic particles are assembled and bonded by an organic matrix. However, it is difficult to fabricate these composites where both the ceramic particles and organic matrix work together to unlock toughening mechanisms, such as shear dissipation, particle rotation and interlocking, etc, that lead to stiff, strong, and tough mechanical properties. Here, we produce composites inspired by seashells, made of alumina microplatelets assembled in complex microstructures and that are physically bonded by a small amount of interpenetrated polymer network (IPN) made of polyacrylamide (PAM) and poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM). The fabrication employs magnetically assisted slip-casting to orient the microplatelets as desired, and in situ gelation of the IPN, followed by drying. The process was successful after carefully tuning the slip casting and gelation kinetics. Samples with horizontal, vertical, and alternating vertical and horizontal microplatelets orientations were then tested under compression. It was found that the IPN threads bonding the microplatelets acted as sacrificial bonds dissipating energy during the compression. Paired with the alternating microstructure, the IPN significantly enhanced the compressive toughness of the composites by 205% as compared to the composites with horizontal or vertical orientation only, with less than 35% reduction on the stiffness. This study demonstrates that microstructure control and design combined with a flexible and tough matrix can effectively enhance the properties of bioinspired ceramic polymer composites.
Global estimates of suitable areas for marine algae farming
Authors: Liu Yue , Cao Ling , Cheung William W L , Sumaila U Rashid 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Marine algae, both macro and micro, have gained increasing attention for their numerous ecosystem service functions, such as food and raw materials provision and climate change mitigation. Currently, the practice of large-scale algae farming is limited to Asian waters, but significant interest has arisen from other continents. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the areas with suitable environmental conditions for expanding algae farming on a global scale. Previous studies have primarily focused on nutrient availability and thermal constraints when assessing the potential for algae culture. This study uses species distribution models based on an ensemble consensus approach to determine the extent of suitable areas and takes into account multiple environmental factors that may affect the feasibility of algae culture. Our results show that approximately 20.8 million km2 of the ocean (∼13.8% of the economic exclusive zones) is suitable for farming marine algae species, with most potential areas located near the coastline. Surprisingly, four out of the top five countries with the largest area suitable for seaweed farming, including Australia, Russia, Canada, and the US, account for 30% of the total suitable areas, yet they currently produce less than 1% of the global seaweed. Several species show promising characteristics for large-scale cultivation, but their viability for commercial production remains uncertain and subject to further assessment of economic feasibility and social acceptance. Further research on the ecological benefits of seaweed farming could also promote the development of an ecologically friendly and financially viable algae mariculture industry. This study provides a scientific basis for decision-makers to understand potential expansion areas and feasible pathways for seaweed farming, with the ultimate goal of ensuring the sustainable utilization of marine resources.
The shrinking Great Salt Lake contributes to record high dust-on-snow deposition in the Wasatch Mountains during the 2022 snowmelt season
Authors: Lang Otto I , Mallia Derek , McKenzie Skiles S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Seasonal snowmelt from the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah, USA, is a primary control on water availability for the metropolitan Wasatch Front, surrounding agricultural valleys, and the Great Salt Lake (GSL). Prolonged drought, increased evaporation due to warming temperatures, and sustained agricultural and domestic water consumption have caused GSL water levels to reach record low stands in 2021 and 2022, resulting in increased exposure of dry lakebed sediment. When dust emitted from the GSL dry lakebed is deposited on the adjacent Wasatch snowpack, the snow is darkened, and snowmelt is accelerated. Regular observations of dust-on-snow (DOS) began in the Wasatch Mountains in 2009, and the 2022 season was notable for both having the most dust deposition events and the highest snowpack dust concentrations. To understand if record high DOS concentrations were linked to record low GSL levels, dust source regions for each dust event were identified through a backward trajectory model analysis combined with aerosol measurements and field observations. Backward trajectories indicated that the exposed lakebed of the GSL contributed 23% of total dust deposition and had the highest dust emissions per surface area. The other potential primary contributors were the GSL Desert (45%) and the Sevier +Tule dry lakebeds (17%), both with lower per-area emissions. The impact on snowmelt, quantified by mass and energy balance modeling in the presence and absence of snow darkening by dust, was over 2 weeks (17 d) earlier. The impact of dust on snowmelt could have been more dramatic if the spring had been drier, but frequent snowfall buried dust layers, delaying dust-accelerated snowmelt later into the melt season.