bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR PULMONARY MYCOBACTERIOSIS: THE CHALLENGE OF DRUG RESISTANCE
Authors:   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Zaytseva A.S. , Stepanyan I.E. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Shmelev E.I. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Ergeshov A.E. ,   Central TB Research Institute, Moscow, Russia,   A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2023

The pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a chronic respiratory infection resulting in declining lung function, worsening life quality, and increasing mortality rates. Most patients with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (PNTM) have concomitant chronic diseases (bronchiectatic disease, COPD, diabetes mellitus, etc.) PNTM is a refractory disease as mycobacteria are located intracellularly in alveolar macrophages. Mycobacteria can develop a biofilm, which impedes antibiotic penetration and protects them. Treatment for PNTM is long-term with low effectiveness due to innate or acquired mycobacterial resistance. The article outlines the modern concepts of drug resistance development in NTM, refractoriness of the disease, and the current mechanisms to overcome it.
La medida del pie medieval en Santa María de Poblet : el sistema de medidas de los sillares medievales = La mesure du pied médiéval à Sainte Marie de Poblet : la mesure des pierres de taille médiévale
Authors: Lloveras Montserrat Joaquín 
Published: July 2023

Un único sistema de medidas medievales formado, entre otras unidades, por el Pie.
El objetivo de este documento es mostrar cómo, en la Capilla de Sant Esteban de Poblet, se constata la afirmación de que en la edad medieval se usó, en la Europa cristiana, un único sistema de medidas para la construcción de los edificios religiosos. También constatar la idea de que el conjunto de las medidas empleadas por los constructores medievales son, obviamente, las que tienen los sillares tallados por los canteros. Una de las principales medidas utilizadas en la época medieval fué el Pie, en Santa María de Poblet también. Lo podemos encontrar, como veremos más adelante, en las medidas de sus sillares, como también las otras unidades.
Un unique système médiéval de mesures lequel contient, entre d’autres unités, le Pied. Le but du présent document est expliquer comment, à la Chapele de Saint-Etienne de Poblet, on a pu vérifier l’affirmation qu’au Moyen Age on a utilisé, à l’Europe chrétienne, un unique système de mesures pour la construction des édifices religieux. Verifier également l’idée que l’ensemble de mesures utilisées par les bâtisseurs médiévaux sont, tout simplement, celles qui ont les pierres taillées par les maçons. Une des principales mesures utilisées au Moyen Age était le Pied, à Sainte Marie de Poblet aussi. Nous pouvons aisement la trouver, comme nous le verrons plus en avant, aux mesures de leurs pierres de taille, come les autres unitées.
Intervencions en el patrimoni arquitectònic modern a Catalunya = Intervenciones en el patrimonio arquitectónico moderno en Cataluña
Authors: Díaz Gómez César , Llobet Ribeiro Xavier , Solanellas Terés Àngel , Solanellas Terés Rosa 
Published: July 2023

Aquesta publicació pretén ser una recopilació que permeti conèixer i valorar el què s’ha fet i el com s’ha fet en el patrimoni arquitectònic que ens va deixar el segle XX.
Doncs si bé a mesura que passen els anys els requeriments i les exigències establertes sobre els sistemes i els processos de l’obra construïda han canviat substancialment, certs valors i una idea estètica sobre la modernitat ens acompanyen i dificulten una visió distanciada de quins són els seus atributs i com aquests atributs es poden mantenir prolongant la vida útil dels edificis.
La intenció del que s’exposa en aquest seguit de casos no serà llavors el de jutjar el valor d’unes obres ni tampoc el de les seves intervencions, sinó el d’apropar la gran diversitat de maneres d’afrontar-les i la complexitat dels factors amb els que es troben els projectistes alhora d’intervenir en el patrimoni modern.
Sobretot el que es pretén amb aquest document és mostrar la necessitat de fer ajustos i expandir les maneres de conèixer, avaluar i actuar en el patrimoni modern per part de tots els agents que intervenen: des de l’usuari, les administracions, constructors i arquitectes. Tot això, per tal de prendre consciencia d’aquestes obres més enllà de l’objecte i gaudir de les qualitats, valors i idees que les fan ésser considerades com a part del nostre patrimoni històric i cultural. Un patrimoni al mateix temps útil i eficaç.
Esta publicación pretende ser una recopilación que permita conocer y valorar lo que se ha hecho y como se ha hecho en el patrimonio arquitectónico que nos dejó el siglo XX.
Pues si bien a medida que pasan los años los requisitos y las exigencias establecidas sobre los sistemas y los procesos de la obra construida han cambiado substancialmente, ciertos valores y una idea estética sobre la modernidad nos acompañan y dificultan una visión distanciada de cuáles son sus atributos y como estos atributos se pueden mantener prolongando la vida útil de los edificios.
La intención de lo que se expone en este conjunto de casos no será entonces el de juzgar el valor de unes obras ni tampoco el de sus intervenciones, sino el de acercar la gran diversidad de maneras de afrontarlas y la complejidad de los factores que es preciso tener presente cuando se requiere intervenir en el patrimonio moderno.
Lo que es pretende, sobre todo, con este documento es mostrar la necesidad de hacer ajustes y expandir las formas de conocer, evaluar y actuar en el patrimonio moderno por parte de todos los agentes que intervienen: desde el usuario, las administraciones, constructores y arquitectos. Todo ello, con motivo de tomar consciencia de estas obras más allá del objeto y disfrutar de las cualidades, valores y ideas que las hacen ser consideradas como parte de nuestro patrimonio histórico y cultural. Un patrimonio al mismo tiempo útil y eficaz.
Utilization Of Bookkeeping Applications as Manual Bookkeeping Solutions On CV. AJM
Authors: Septian Bagas Arya , Sungkono Sungkono 
Published: July 2023

Bookkeeping is something that business actors must apply. Bookkeeping can be done both manually and computerized. In the development of an increasingly advanced era, the role of technology certainly has a major influence in the business world, especially in processing company financial data. In recording transactions, a computerized system is needed to make it easier for companies to record and the need to present a fast and accurate financial statement. This study aims to analyze what problems are often faced by CV AJM while implementing a manual bookkeeping system and providing solutions to these problems. The research method used is descriptive qualitative based on primary data sources and secondary data obtained by conducting field research. The result of this study is to explain good financial document filing, recording of financial statements, and guidelines for using accounting bookkeeping applications that can help CV AJM manage business activities. So that with this computerized bookkeeping can help workers quickly and accurately; later, business owners can use these financial statements as study material to analyze their business and be able to maintain their business in the future.
First record of the genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in Hong Kong, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Hamer Matthew T. , Lee Roger H. , Guénard Benoit 
Published: July 2023

The ant genus Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 (Myrmicinae, Crematogastrini) is diverse with 498 species described. Species are distributed predominately within the northern hemisphere with species richness decreasing closer to the tropics; contrary to other ant genera overall. In Southeast Asia, richness is relatively low and knowledge on the genus remains fragmentary, likely due to poor sampling efforts compared to temperate regions. Here, using specimens from recent sampling efforts, Temnothorax is reported for the first time from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Two new species, T. barrettoi Hamer & Guénard sp. nov. and T. haveni Lee, Hamer & Guénard sp. nov., are described based on qualitive morphological characters, with additional morphometric data also gathered. An updated key, as well as a distributional checklist of Temnothorax species from mainland China is provided. We suggest that the two new species are likely arboreal based on our collections, however, further arboreal sampling is necessary to confirm this hypothesis. We hope this study may spurn effort to generate further information on sub-tropical Chinese Temnothorax species.
Comparative Analysis of the Growth Rate, Body Weight Gain, and Feed Conversion Ratio of Broilers Raised Under Ad Libitum and Restricted Feeding Programs
Authors: Tauqeer Muhammad  , Fateh Ullah  , Ghulam Jelani  , Muhammad Atif  
Published: July 2023

Background: Among the various feeding strategies employed, two predominant methods have emerged as the primary focus of research and industry implementation: ad libitum and restricted feeding programs.
Objectives: This comparative study aimed to assess the growth rate, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers raised under ad libitum and restricted feeding programs.
Methods: A total of 350-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to two groups. The broilers under ad libitum feeding exhibited higher growth rates throughout the six-week study period, with average weight gains of 165.2 grams, 427.5 grams, 864.7 grams, 1405.5 grams, 2008.8 grams, and 2330.7 grams in successive weeks. In contrast, the broilers under restricted feeding showed lower growth rates, ranging from 140.7 grams to 2020.1 grams in the corresponding weeks.
Results: The ad libitum group also consumed consistently higher amounts of feed compared to the restricted group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in FCR between the two feeding programs.
Conclusion: These findings highlighted the importance of providing broilers with continuous access to feed to optimize their growth, while further research is needed to validate the results and explore FCR variations.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PEMBAYARAN ANGSURAN KREDIT SEPEDA MOTOR BERBASIS LAN PADA CV. SUMBER JAYA KENCANA MOTOR BINJAI
Authors: Abdur Rahman  
Published: July 2023

With the development of economic activity lately, it is increasingly triggering economic activity in all fields. Among these economic activities are business activities in the field of selling automotive products. So that at this time many emerging companies engaged in the field of automotive loan financing. And one such company is CV. Sumber Jaya Kencana Motor Binjai which is also the official distributor for sales of Yamaha motorcycles.
Purchasing motorcycles on credit is more likely to bring greater results than purchasing in cash. In installment payments, there is an agreement to protect the seller from the possibility of uncollectible receivables. To protect the interests of the seller from the possibility of non-fulfillment of the obligations that must be fulfilled by the buyer, an agreement or installment sales contract is made after the transaction is carried out, then a penalty calculation is made where the fine is calculated from the number of installments paid per month multiplied by 0.5% and the result is the number per day late payment of consumer installments.
The most important factor in the data processing process is in terms of motorcycle installment payments where in this case the company still uses 2 payment methods, namely direct payments to CV dealers. Sumber Jaya Kencana Motor Binjai, namely through cashiers and payments through collectors.
In this process the input is still inaccurate and data errors often occur, because there is no program that can assist cashiers in inputting motorcycle installment payments and the system used is not efficient. Another problem is that fraud is still very prone to occur in terms of installment payments, where the cashier as someone who is very responsible for this payment also has the opportunity to cheat because there is no accurate system in terms of inputting data.
Seeing this, the authors are very interested in designing a motorcycle payment information system with the title "Design of LAN-Based Motorcycle Credit Installment Payment Information System at CV. Sumber Jaya Kencana Motor Binjai ".
Makna ‘’Didiklah Orang Muda’’ menurut Amsal 22:6 dan Relevansinya bagi Gereja
Authors: Deru Immanuela 
Published: July 2023

Education is very vital to improve the quality of human resource. Therefore moral and spiritual education is very important for men in order to change the mindset, character, and increasing intelligence. Jesus startyed his ministry educating or teaching (Matthew 4:23). Every one who heard his teaching and believed him always experiences a change of attitude from bad to good (the apostles, Zaccheus, Samaritan woman). The Lord Jesus understood very well that education consists of very important teachings for one’s life. Teaching the Word of God contributed to the growth of the faith of the early church. It even contributed to the growth in quantity (Acts 2:41-42). The first and major Education agent here is the family. Parents are the main teacher for their children. Not only family, but then there is the church for the believers. As one of the assignments of the church is teaching (didache). The church has to teach or educate the people according to the Bible. Christian education needs to have the basic understanding that God is the source of knowledge or the Truth.3 The most important purpose of a Christian education is helping the students to know God through Jesus Christ, through His Word. To be able to achieve this, we need to have educators who deeply know God, through Jesus Christ and have experienced spiritual renewal.

Abstrak
Pendidikan sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan mutu dan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Oleh sebab itu pendidikan baik secara moral maupun keagamaan sangat penting bagi seseorang, agar dapat mengubah pola pikir, karakter, dan meningkatkan kecerdasan. Tuhan Yesus memulai pelayanan-Nya di dunia dengan mendidik atau mengajar (Matius 4:23). Setiap orang yang mendengar pengajaran-Nya dan mempercayai-Nya senantiasa mengalami suatu perubahan sikap, yaitu dari yang tidak baik menjadi baik (Para Rasul, Zakheus, Perempuan Samaria). Tuhan Yesus sangat memahami bahwa pendidikan berupa pengajaran sangat penting bagi kehidupan seseorang. Pertumbuhan jemaat mula-mula juga tidak lepas dari peranan pengajaran akan Firman Tuhan, sehingga jemaat mengalami pertumbuhan baik secara kualitas (iman) maupun kuantitas (jumlah) dengan pesat (Kis 2:41-42). Agen pendidikan yang terutama adalah keluarga. Orang tua adalah guru utama bagi para anak-anaknya. Tidak hanya keluarga, agen pendidikan lainnya bagi orang percaya adalah gereja. Salah satu tugas gereja adalah pengajaran (didache). Gereja harus memberikan pengajaran atau didikan yang benar secara Alkitabiah. Pendidikan atau pengajaran kristiani mempunyai pemahaman bahwa Allah adalah sumber pengetahuan dan kebenaran sejati.3 Maka tujuan tertinggi dari pendidikan atu pengajaran kristeaniadalah membantu peserta didik untuk belajar mengenal Allah di dalam Yesus Kristus melalui firman-Nya. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu, tentunya diperlukan pendidik yang sungguh-sungguh mengenal Allah di dalam Yesus Kristus dan mengalami pembaharuan secara spritual.
Peran Malaikat Berdasarkan Kisah Para Rasul 12:5-12
Authors: Elkana Samuel 
Published: July 2023

All human beings must have experienced times of darkness and gloom, wilderness, sadness, fear or disappointment. Especially in our day that is filled with worldwide suffering. Likewise these days, the phenomenon of the spirit world is increasingly widespread and has become the attention of quite a number of Christians in this end of time. Like some people with horoscopes, palm readers, and all kinds of new age teaching. Christian faith must remain firm to believe that to this day angels are still actively sent by God to help believers. The author uses qualitative research methods in the form of exegesis and literature studies to explain that the example of the role of angels according to Acts 12:5-12 is very important for the life of a believer. AbstrakSemua manusia pasti pernah mengalami saat-saat yang gelap dan suram, padang belantara, keadaan sedih, takut atau kecewa. Terutama sekali di zaman kita sekarang ini dipenuhi dengan penderitaan yang mendunia. Demikian juga hari-hari ini, fenomena dunia roh semakin marak dan menjadi perhatian cukup banyak orang Kristen di akhir zaman ini. Seperti halnya beberapa orang yang dengan horoskop, pembaca telapak tangan, dan segala macam pengajaran zaman baru. Iman Kristen harus tetap teguh untuk percaya bahwa sampai hari ini para malaikat masih aktif diutus oleh Tuhan untuk membantu orang percaya. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif berupa eksegesa dan studi literatur untuk menjelaskan bahwa contoh peran malaikat menurut Kisah 12:5-12 sangat penting bagi kehidupan orang percaya.
Providensia Allah dalam Kitab Ayub
Authors: Subekti Tri 
Published: July 2023

control of every human life, history, existence and order of the universe. God's extraordinary involvement in human life, especially in the book of Job, is in the form of providence or God's care and provision for Job. The book of Job discusses how Job experienced God's extraordinary providence in his life and family. The author uses the literature study method to describe the form of God's providence in the book of Job. Through literature studies by reading books, the author can formulate a useful view of the existence of God in the book of Job. AbstrakAllah menguji iman seseorang melalui masalah yang datang bertubi-tubi dalam kehidupan. Allah berdaulat dan memegang kendali atas kehidupan setiap manusia, sejarah, keberadaan dan tatanan alam semesta. Keterlibatan Allah yang luar biasa dalam kehidupan manusia khususnya dalam kitab Ayub yaitu berupa providensia atau pemeliharaan dan penyediaan Allah terhadap Ayub. Kitab Ayub membahas bagaimana Ayub mengalami providensia Allah yang luar biasa dalam hidup dan keluarganya. Penulis menggunakan metode studi literatur untuk mendiskripsikan bentuk providensia Allah dalam kitab Ayub. Melalui kajian Pustaka dengan membaca buku-buku maka penulis dapat merumuskan suatu pandangan yang bermanfaat tentang proidensia Allah dalam kitab Ayub.
El taller fotográfico como dinamizador de la consciencia del mirar
Authors: Zapata Ramírez John Alexander 
Published: July 2023

El presente artículo da a conocer la experiencia de un taller fotográfico, realizado con estudiantes de grado quinto en la Unidad Educativa San Marcos de Envigado-Colombia, en el marco de la asignatura Lengua castellana. Este espacio se presenta como una aproximación a la recepción estética de la imagen y al reconocimiento del otro y del entorno que nos rodea, mediados por la imagen fotográfica como dinamizadora de la consciencia del mirar. Es, a su vez, una reflexión de la lectura de otros sistemas simbólicos y la producción de la imagen fotográfica como un acto estético dentro de la educación primaria.
Palabras clave: mirada, fotografía, estética, imagen, lenguaje.
Babur ve Bayram Han Dîvânlarındaki Deyimler
Authors: KARATAŞ Ahmet 
Published: July 2023

Deyimler, bir duyguyu ya da düşünceyi daha etkili ve özlü bir biçimde ifade etmeye yarayan kalıplaşmış söz öbekleridir. Deyimlerin oluşumunda en az iki sözcük yer almalı ve bu sözcüklerden en az birinin gerçek anlamının dışında bir anlama sahip olması gerekmektedir. Bu şekilde oluşmuş deyimler, kalabalık söz kadrosuyla anlatılacak ifadeyi, daha kısa ve etkili bir yolla ifade etmekte ve konu üzerinde derinlemesine düşünmeyi sağlamaktadır.
Türkçe, deyimlerin varlığı bakımından son derece zengin bir dildir. Türkçenin ilk yazılı metinlerini oluşturan Orhun Yazıtlarından itibaren, günümüze değin oluşturulmuş hemen hemen her eserin söz varlığında deyimlerin varsıllığı dikkati çekmektedir.
Babur ve Bayram Han, Hindistan’da gelişen Türk edebiyatının öncü isimleri olmakla birlikte, aynı zamanda Babur Türk-Hint İmparatorluğu’nun saray erkanına bağlı önemli simalarıdır. Bu çalışmada, Babur ve Bayram Han’ın dîvânlarındaki, Türkçe’nin inceliklerini gösteren söz öbeklerinden olan deyimler tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada, deyim ile ilgili birtakım bilgiler verildikten sonra eserlerde geçen deyimlerin yapı bakımından tasnifi yapılmıştır. Deyimlerin yapı yönünden incelenmesinde Zeynep Korkmaz’ın “Türkiye Türkçesi Grameri Şekil Bilgisi” adlı eserinde yaptığı sınıflandırma örnek alınmıştır. Daha sonra bu deyimler, kökenleri bakımından ayrı bir sınıflandırmaya daha tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışmanın ekinde ise deyimler, alfabe sıralamasına göre sırasıyla dizilmiş ve deyimlerin anlamları verilmiştir. Ayrıca tespiti yapılan deyimlerin, eserde geçtikleri yerler numaralandırılarak kullanım sıklığı belirtilmiştir.
L’anecdote curieuse au service de la propagande politique française dans les « Relations de Canada » (1705-1713)
Authors: Gladu Kim , De Montigny Jacinthe 
Published: July 2023

Entre 1705 et 1713, en pleine guerre de Succession d’Espagne, le Mercure galant publie une série de 11 « Relations de Canada » où prédomine le discours anecdotique, ce qui les distingue des autres relations de voyage publiées dans le même périodique durant la précédente décennie. L’anecdote vient modifier le genre même de la relation de voyage en misant sur la curiosité comme moteur de production et en proposant une histoire du temps présent où l’actualité coloniale occupe la meilleure place. Par ailleurs, le récit anecdotique fait l’objet d’une récupération politique et inscrit la relation de voyage dans le champ de la propagande. Les diverses figures que mettent en scène les « Relations de Canada » contribuent ainsi à faire valoir les entreprises louis-quatorziennes en Amérique, en montrant la supériorité des Français sur les Britanniques.
« Entrez bien, Monsieur, dans le style, vous allez devenir sauvage en lisant ceci »
Authors: Bernier Marc André 
Published: July 2023

En février 1706, un numéro du Mercure galant propose à ses lecteurs le récit d’un « Accommodement fait entre les Iroquois et les Outaouais en 1705 ». À l’occasion de cette négociation, les propos sont rédigés, comme l’écrit le rédacteur du Mercure galant, en « style sauvage ». La manière dont ce style est caractérisé et la fonction qu’il occupe dans ce récit invitent à s’interroger sur l’imaginaire colonial de la presse d’actualité. Cet article analyse ainsi le rôle essentiel que joue le temps historique court de la mode et du moment présent dans la construction de la figure de l’Autre.