bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward data-driven research: preliminary study to predict surface roughness in material extrusion using previously published data with machine learning
Authors: García-Martínez Fátima , Carou Diego , de Arriba-Pérez Francisco , García-Méndez Silvia 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
Material extrusion is one of the most commonly used approaches within the additive manufacturing processes available. Despite its popularity and related technical advancements, process reliability and quality assurance remain only partially solved. In particular, the surface roughness caused by this process is a key concern. To solve this constraint, experimental plans have been exploited to optimize surface roughness in recent years. However, the latter empirical trial and error process is extremely time- and resource consuming. Thus, this study aims to avoid using large experimental programs to optimize surface roughness in material extrusion.

Design/methodology/approach
This research provides an in-depth analysis of the effect of several printing parameters: layer height, printing temperature, printing speed and wall thickness. The proposed data-driven predictive modeling approach takes advantage of Machine Learning (ML) models to automatically predict surface roughness based on the data gathered from the literature and the experimental data generated for testing.

Findings
Using ten-fold cross-validation of data gathered from the literature, the proposed ML solution attains a 0.93 correlation with a mean absolute percentage error of 13%. When testing with our own data, the correlation diminishes to 0.79 and the mean absolute percentage error reduces to 8%. Thus, the solution for predicting surface roughness in extrusion-based printing offers competitive results regarding the variability of the analyzed factors.

Research limitations/implications
There are limitations in obtaining large volumes of reliable data, and the variability of the material extrusion process is relatively high.

Originality/value
Although ML is not a novel methodology in additive manufacturing, the use of published data from multiple sources has barely been exploited to train predictive models. As available manufacturing data continue to increase on a daily basis, the ability to learn from these large volumes of data is critical in future manufacturing and science. Specifically, the power of ML helps model surface roughness with limited experimental tests.
Simulation-based optimization of bus departure scheme for large airport considering passenger evacuation
Authors: Zhou Fuquan 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This study aims to optimize the traffic capacity allocation to solve the problem of low share of public transit in the landside system so as to get rid of the congestion trouble in landside traffic. The optimal timetable for airport buses can be searched by changing the departure interval of each line and evaluating the corresponding performance continuously.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper constructs a simulation model based on the real-world situation in Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA), which simulates the whole process of airport bus schedules and analyzes the connections among multiple steps for transferring. The evaluation system is constructed by considering the benefits of passengers, airports and companies comprehensively. The optimal timetable for airport buses can be searched by changing the departure interval of each line and evaluating the corresponding performance continuously.

Findings
According to the experimental results, an excellent evacuation effect can only be achieved when the majority of departure intervals of airport buses are shortened to 50% of their original values, and some busy routes such as the Beijing Station line are supposed to be reduced to one-third of their original fixed intervals. As the airport bus passenger flow presents an obviously periodic variation over days, the timetable of the airport bus is supposed to be redesigned every day. A flexible bus timetable can not only meet the dynamic passenger flow but also enhance the attractiveness of public transit.

Originality/value
This paper constructs a simulation model based on the real-world situation in BCIA, which can not only model the complex scenes in the whole process of airport bus schedules but also reflect the intricate interaction between transferring passengers and vehicles caused by dense streamlines.
Hospitality sustainable practices, a global perspective
Authors: Sharma Rekha 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to discern the impacts of the hospitality industry on the global ecosystem and how sustainable learning can help strengthen the tourism and hospitality industry globally. Deployment of strategies such as change management is required, and in so doing, this is likely to have an impact on economic gain, society and the environment.Design/methodology/approachThis is an exploratory study based on secondary data drawn from relevant books, articles, journals and online sources. The opinions of the key stakeholders are compiled and discussed to provide further guidance.FindingsThe results show that although there is a lot of variance in the information that hotel chains publicly disclose about their sustainability commitments and accomplishments, they are committed to a wide variety of environmental, social and economic issues. It also points to indicators that the global hotel industry is currently pursuing “weak” rather than “strong” practices of sustainability and that efficiency gains are framed within existing business models that focus on continued growth.Practical implicationsThe study provides guidance for global hospitality chains given that they are well positioned to play a leading role in promoting sustainability. Yet more can be done to broaden sustainability and reporting in the context of an external assurance framework. The study should also be helpful to hospitality managers, students and academics with an interest in hospitality industry sustainable practices.Originality/valueThe study explores the challenges that industry faces in ensuring sustainability is embedded in all aspects of learning and in equipping sustainability-sensitive individuals to make a difference.
Analgesic efficacy of continuous wound infiltration compared with continuous intravenous fentanyl after gynaecological surgery: a non‐inferiority, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kuriyama Mayu , Nakamura Hirotaka , Tanabe Serabi , Morikawa Yoshihiko , Kaneko Tetsuji , Kohyama Akira 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe present trial aimed to prove the non‐inferiority of the analgesic efficacy of continuous wound infiltration (CWI) to that of continuous intravenous fentanyl (IV) and to compare the safety of the two methods.MethodsThis trial was a prospective, single‐centre, two‐arm, non‐inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Patients participating in the trial were randomised to a CWI group or an IV group. The VAS (visual analogue scale), additional analgesic usage and side effects were then compared between the groups.ResultsIn total, 61 patients were enrolled; two in CWI were excluded, leaving 59 (30 in the CWI group and 29 in the IV group) for analysis. The difference in the VAS score at 24 h (CWI group – IV group) was −3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] −14.7 to 8.2), which was less than the non‐inferiority margin of 15. The mean amount of total fentanyl use at postoperative hour 48 was 1395 (95% CI 886–1903) µg in the CWI group and 3186 (95% CI 2716–3658) µg in the IV group. The amount of other analgesics and the incidence of adverse effects did not differ significantly between the groups.ConclusionCWI was non‐inferior to IV in terms of its analgesic effect, and has an opioid sparing effect in open gynaecological surgery.
Deep learning PET/CT‐based radiomics integrates clinical data: A feasibility study to distinguish between tuberculosis nodules and lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiaolei , Dong Xianling , Saripan M. Iqbal bin , Du Dongyang , Wu Yanjun , Wang Zhongxiao , Cao Zhendong , Wen Dong , Liu Yanli , Marhaban Mohammad Hamiruce 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundRadiomic diagnosis models generally consider only a single dimension of information, leading to limitations in their diagnostic accuracy and reliability. The integration of multiple dimensions of information into the deep learning model have the potential to improve its diagnostic capabilities. The purpose of study was to evaluate the performance of deep learning model in distinguishing tuberculosis (TB) nodules and lung cancer (LC) based on deep learning features, radiomic features, and clinical information.MethodsPositron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) image data from 97 patients with LC and 77 patients with TB nodules were collected. One hundred radiomic features were extracted from both PET and CT imaging using the pyradiomics platform, and 2048 deep learning features were obtained through a residual neural network approach. Four models included traditional machine learning model with radiomic features as input (traditional radiomics), a deep learning model with separate input of image features (deep convolutional neural networks [DCNN]), a deep learning model with two inputs of radiomic features and deep learning features (radiomics‐DCNN) and a deep learning model with inputs of radiomic features and deep learning features and clinical information (integrated model). The models were evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, and F1‐score metrics.ResultsThe results of the classification of TB nodules and LC showed that the integrated model achieved an AUC of 0.84 (0.82–0.88), sensitivity of 0.85 (0.80–0.88), and specificity of 0.84 (0.83–0.87), performing better than the other models.ConclusionThe integrated model was found to be the best classification model in the diagnosis of TB nodules and solid LC.
PTEN‐induced kinase 1 is associated with renal aging, via the cGAS‐STING pathway
Authors: Ha Min Heui , Kim Man S. , An Hyun‐Ju , Sung Min‐Ji , Lee Yu Ho , Yang Dong‐Ho , Jung Sang Hyun , Baek Jihyun , Choi Yueun , Taylor Deanne M. , Zhang Yuanchao , Lee So‐Young , Jeong Hye Yun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be an important mediator of the pro‐aging process in chronic kidney disease, which is continuously increasing worldwide. Although PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) regulates mitochondrial function, its role in renal aging remains unclear. We investigated the association between PINK1 and renal aging, especially through the cGAS‐STING pathway, which is known to result in an inflammatory phenotype. Pink1 knockout (Pink1−/−) C57BL/6 mice and senescence‐induced renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC‐8) treated with H2O2 were used as the renal aging models. Extensive analyses at transcriptomic‐metabolic levels have explored changes in mitochondrial function in PINK1 deficiency. To investigate whether PINK1 deficiency affects renal aging through the cGAS‐STING pathway, we explored their expression levels in PINK1 knockout mice and senescence‐induced HKC‐8 cells. PINK1 deficiency enhances kidney fibrosis and tubular injury, and increases senescence and the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These phenomena were most apparent in the 24‐month‐old Pink1−/− mice and HKC‐8 cells treated with PINK1 siRNA and H2O2. Gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing showed that PINK1 deficiency is associated with increased inflammatory responses, and transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses suggested that PINK1 deficiency is related to mitochondrial metabolic dysregulation. Activation of cGAS‐STING was prominent in the 24‐month‐old Pink1−/− mice. The expression of SASPs was most noticeable in senescence‐induced HKC‐8 cells and was attenuated by the STING inhibitor, H151. PINK1 is associated with renal aging, and mitochondrial dysregulation by PINK1 deficiency might stimulate the cGAS‐STING pathway, eventually leading to senescence‐related inflammatory responses.
Ebb and flow: Structural and spatial change in Victoria's brewing industry, 1870–1900
Authors: Wood Gavin , Martin Declan , Taylor Liz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe brewing industry has undergone profound structural and spatial change over the last 150 years. We examine how consolidation began in Victoria's brewing industry using a historical GIS approach. We argue that industry restructuring was shaped by four interlocking dynamics between 1870 and 1900: (1) structural economic change; (2) railway development; (3) technological innovation; and (4) regulatory reform. We show that the ebb and flow of these interacting dynamics generated a non‐linear process of change. Similar to North America and Europe, the industry became highly concentrated. However, this process was complicated by local factors such as climate, economy, and distance.
Leopards living at the farmland‐protected area interface prefer wild prey but consume high biomass of livestock
Authors: Jansen C. , Leslie A. J. , Cristescu B. , Teichman K. J. , Martins Q. E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn much of southern Africa, the leopard (Panthera pardus) is the last remaining large carnivore outside protected areas. We collected leopard scat (n = 82) opportunistically to determine the diet of leopards on small livestock farms and an adjacent national park in semi‐arid Namaqualand, South Africa. We quantified prey availability using camera traps (n = 163 stations) in an 810 km2grid. Leopards strongly preferred (D > 0.5) rock hyrax (Procavia capensis), red hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus) and klipspringer (Oreotragus oreotragus), but goats (Capra hircus) were consumed in highest biomass. Conservation strategies to decrease livestock losses and minimise leopard persecution are needed in Namaqualand and more broadly on livestock farmland neighbouring‐protected areas.
Infanticide by male gelada leader and group counterstrategies
Authors: Kifle Zewdu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInfanticide by males following the takeover and the acquisition of females with unweaned offspring has been observed in primate species. Like many other primate species, geladas (Theropithecus gelada) commit infanticide by nonsire males to enhance their reproductive success. Direct observation of infanticide is a rare phenomenon in geladas. During my stay in the field, I observed clear evidence of infanticide by nonsire male gelada. Adult females and juveniles of the group tried to stop the killing through scrambling, shouting, loudness, caustic and aggression. However, they could not save the infant's life. After they confirmed the death of the infant the group left the area. This direct observation confirms to provide reliable information on the occurrences of infanticide by male geladas in the wild. Such infanticide by nonsire male geladas most probably occurs to hasten mating receptivity in the females. Mass physical group defence strategy is counter adaptations to reduce the likelihood of infanticide by nonsire male geladas.
A phase 1 study to investigate the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of brepocitinib in healthy males using a 14C‐microdose approach
Authors: Qiu Ruolun , Sharma Raman , Wei Hua , Kirkovsky Leonid , Zhou Yifan , Martin David D. A. , Banfield Christopher , Dowty Martin E. 
Published: May 2023

AimsBrepocitinib is a tyrosine kinase 2/Janus kinase 1 inhibitor being investigated for the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. This study assessed the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of oral brepocitinib, and the absolute oral bioavailability (F) and fraction absorbed (Fa) using a 14C microtracer approach.MethodsThis was a phase 1 open‐label, nonrandomized, fixed sequence, two‐period, single‐dose study of brepocitinib in healthy male participants. Participants received a single oral 60 mg dose of 14C brepocitinib (~300 nCi) in Period A, then an unlabelled oral 60 mg dose followed by an intravenous (IV) 30 μg dose of 14C labelled brepocitinib (~300 nCi) in Period B. Mass balance, pharmacokinetic parameters and safety were assessed.ResultsSix participants were enrolled. Brepocitinib was absorbed rapidly following oral administration. In Period A, total recovery of the oral dose was 96.7% ± 6.3% (88.0% ± 8.0% in urine, 8.7% ± 2.1% in faeces). In Period B, a small fraction (6.0% of the oral dose) was recovered unchanged in urine. F and Fa were 74.6% (90% confidence interval 67.3%, 82.8%) and 106.9%, respectively. Brepocitinib demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and was well tolerated following oral or oral then IV administrations. No deaths, serious adverse events or discontinuations were reported.ConclusionIntestinal absorption of brepocitinib was essentially complete after oral administration, with F ~75%. Drug‐related material recovery was high, with the majority excreted in urine. The major route of elimination of brepocitinib was renal excretion as metabolites, whereas urinary elimination of unchanged brepocitinib was minor.NCT: NCT03770039.
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and the risk of venous thromboembolism: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Aloe Stephanie , Filliter Christopher , Salmasi Shahrzad , Igweokpala Samuel , Yu Oriana H. Y. , Tagalakis Vicky , Filion Kristian B. 
Published: May 2023

AimsThe cardiovascular benefits of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) result from their complex impact on coronary and arterial vessels. However, their effect on veins and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains unclear. Meta‐analysis of trials has suggested no significant change in risk, but observational studies on the topic are scarce. Our objective was to determine if the use of SGLT2Is, compared to the use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP‐4Is), is associated with the risk of VTE among patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsUsing the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to hospitalization and vital statistics databases, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using a prevalent new‐user design. SGLT2Is were matched to DPP‐4I users on calendar time, diabetes treatment intensity, duration of previous DPP‐4I use and time‐conditional high‐dimensional propensity score. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for VTE with SGLT2Is versus DPP‐4Is.ResultsSGLT2I use was not associated with an increased risk of VTE (HR 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.34 to 1.25). This finding was consistent among prevalent (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.42) and incident (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.72) new users.ConclusionsWe found that SGLT2Is were not associated with an increased risk of VTE compared to DPP‐4Is. Although we observed a numerically decreased risk of VTE with SGLT2Is, estimates were accompanied by wide 95% CIs. Nonetheless, given the morbidity associated with VTE, our results provide some reassurance regarding the safety of SGLT2Is with respect to VTE.
Effects of itraconazole and carbamazepine on the pharmacokinetics of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in healthy adults
Authors: Cox Donna S. , Van Eyck Lien , Pawlak Sylvester , Beckerman Bruce , Linn Carlos , Ginman Katherine , Thay Cha Youliny , LaBadie Robert R. , Shi Haihong , Damle Bharat 
Published: May 2023

AimsThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a strong cytochrome P450 family (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor (itraconazole) and inducer (carbamazepine) on the pharmacokinetics and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.MethodsPharmacokinetics were measured in two phase 1, open‐label, fixed‐sequence studies in healthy adults. During Period 1, oral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 300 mg/100 mg twice daily was administered alone; during Period 2, it was administered with itraconazole or carbamazepine. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was administered as repeated doses or one dose in the itraconazole and carbamazepine studies, respectively. Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir plasma concentrations and adverse event (AE) rates in both periods were analysed.ResultsEach study included 12 participants. Following administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir with itraconazole (Test) or alone (Reference), test/reference ratios of the adjusted geometric means (90% CIs) for nirmatrelvir AUCtau and Cmax were 138.82% (129.25%, 149.11%) and 118.57% (112.50%, 124.97%), respectively. After administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir with carbamazepine (Test) or alone (Reference), test/reference ratios (90% CIs) of the adjusted geometric means for nirmatrelvir AUCinf and Cmax were 44.50% (33.77%, 58.65%) and 56.82% (47.04%, 68.62%), respectively. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was generally safe when administered with or without itraconazole or carbamazepine. No serious or severe AEs were reported.ConclusionsCoadministration of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor with a strong CYP3A inhibitor used for pharmacokinetic enhancement (i.e., ritonavir) resulted in small increases in plasma nirmatrelvir exposure, whereas coadministration of a strong inducer substantially decreased systemic nirmatrelvir and ritonavir exposures suggesting a contraindication in the label with CYP3A4 strong inducers. Administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir alone or with itraconazole or carbamazepine was generally safe.
Outcomes of switching to avatrombopag following treatment failure with eltrombopag in paediatric immune thrombocytopenia: A real‐world study in China
Authors: Cheng Xiaoling , Wang Zhifa , Dong Shuyue , Ma Jingyao , Meng Jinxi , Wang Xiaoling , Wu Runhui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia and a haemorrhagic risk. Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO‐RAs) are highly effective for ITP and are widely used to treat patients with steroid treatment failure or dependency. However, although treatment response to TPO‐RAs may differ according to the type, the potential impact of switching from eltrombopag (ELT) to avatrombopag (AVA) with respect to efficacy or tolerance in children remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of switching from ELT to AVA in paediatric patients with ITP. We retrospectively evaluated children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP) switched from ELT to AVA owing to treatment failure at the Hematology‐Oncology Center of Beijing Children's Hospital between July 2021 and May 2022. Overall, 11 children (seven and four boys and girls respectively) with a median age of 8.3 (range: 3.8–15.3) years were included. The overall response and complete response (platelet [PLT] count ≥100 × 109/L) rates during AVA treatment were 81.8% (9/11) and 54.6% (6/11) respectively. The median PLT count was significantly increased from ELT to AVA (7 [range: 2–33] × 109/L vs. 74 [15–387] × 109/L; p = 0.007). The median time to PLT count ≥30 × 109/L was 18 (range: 3–120) days. Overall, 7/11 patients (63.6%) used concomitant medications, and concomitant medication use was gradually discontinued within 3–6 months after AVA initiation. In conclusion, AVA after ELT is effective in the heavily pretreated paediatric cITP population, with high response rates even in those with an inadequate response to a prior TPO‐RA.