bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of cross‐season demographic correlations for population viability
Authors: Layton‐Matthews Kate , Reiertsen Tone K. , Erikstad Kjell‐Einar , Anker‐Nilssen Tycho , Daunt Francis , Wanless Sarah , Barrett Robert T. , Newell Mark A. , Harris Mike P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDemographic correlations are pervasive in wildlife populations and can represent important secondary drivers of population growth. Empirical evidence suggests that correlations are in general positive for long‐lived species, but little is known about the degree of variation among spatially segregated populations of the same species in relation to environmental conditions. We assessed the relative importance of two cross‐season correlations in survival and productivity, for three Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) populations with contrasting population trajectories and non‐overlapping year‐round distributions. The two correlations reflected either a relationship between adult survival prior to breeding on productivity, or a relationship between productivity and adult survival the subsequent year. Demographic rates and their correlations were estimated with an integrated population model, and their respective contributions to variation in population growth were calculated using a transient‐life table response experiment. For all three populations, demographic correlations were positive at both time lags, although their strength differed. Given the different year‐round distributions of these populations, this variation in the strength population‐level demographic correlations points to environmental conditions as an important driver of demographic variation through life‐history constraints. Consequently, the contributions of variances and correlations in demographic rates to population growth rates differed among puffin populations, which has implications for—particularly small—populations' viability under environmental change as positive correlations tend to reduce the stochastic population growth rate.
B cell‐intrinsic TLR7 signaling is required for neutralizing antibody responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathogen‐like COVID‐19 vaccines
Authors: Miquel Charles‐Henry , Abbas Flora , Cenac Claire , Foret‐Lucas Charlotte , Guo Chang , Ducatez Mariette , Joly Etienne , Hou Baidong , Guéry Jean‐Charles 
Published: July 2023

AbstractToll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7) triggers antiviral immune responses through its capacity to recognize single‐stranded RNA. TLR7 loss‐of‐function mutants are associated with life‐threatening pneumonia in severe COVID‐19 patients. Whereas TLR7‐driven innate induction of type I IFN appears central to control SARS‐CoV2 virus spreading during the first days of infection, the impact of TLR7‐deficiency on adaptive B‐cell immunity is less clear. In the present study, we examined the role of TLR7 in the adaptive B cells response to various pathogen‐like antigens (PLAs). We used inactivated SARS‐CoV2 and a PLA‐based COVID‐19 vaccine candidate designed to mimic SARS‐CoV2 with encapsulated bacterial ssRNA as TLR7 ligands and conjugated with the RBD of the SARS‐CoV2 Spike protein. Upon repeated immunization with inactivated SARS‐CoV2 or PLA COVID‐19 vaccine, we show that Tlr7‐deficiency abolished the germinal center (GC)‐dependent production of RBD‐specific class‐switched IgG2b and IgG2c, and neutralizing antibodies to SARS‐CoV2. We also provide evidence for a non‐redundant role for B‐cell‐intrinsic TLR7 in the promotion of RBD‐specific IgG2b/IgG2c and memory B cells. Together, these data demonstrate that the GC reaction and class‐switch recombination to the Myd88‐dependent IgG2b/IgG2c in response to SARS‐CoV2 or PLAs is strictly dependent on cell‐intrinsic activation of TLR7 in B cells.
Iridium‐Catalyzed C5‐Regioselective Esterification of Dienyl Alcohols with Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Chen Jiadong , Zhang Yulu , Tang Shengbiao , Shao Ying , Sun Jiangtao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne‐step process for the preparation of a 1,3‐dienyl‐5‐ester motif from readily available substrate remains a challenging work in organic synthesis. We herein report the first example of C5‐regioselective esterification of unactivated dienyl alcohols, using free carboxylic acids as nucleophiles under mild conditions, providing a series of 1,3‐dienyl‐5‐ester compounds in excellent regioselectivity and E‐selectivity.
Development and propagation of hydrologic drought from meteorological and agricultural drought in the Mekong River Basin
Authors: Palanisamy Bakkiyalakshmi , Narasimhan Balaji , Paul Sabu , Srinivasan Raghavan , Wangpimool Winai , Sith Ratino , Sayasane Rattykone 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMekong River Basin (MRB) experiences extreme droughts and floods frequently, due to the precipitation deficit across the basin. The meteorological droughts will have a profound impact on the distribution of soil moisture and hence agricultural productivity, which will lead to the reduction of surface water resources. It is therefore important to evaluate the deficits in hydrometeorological extremes, that is, precipitation, soil moisture, and streamflow to help decipher how one drought results in the other. In this study, a streamflow deficit index (SDI) has been proposed and applied to understand the changes in hydrology due to the fluctuations in precipitation and soil moisture in the Mekong River Basin (MRB). The study used percent normal (PN), a precipitation deficit index, and soil moisture deficit index (SMDI) to identify the initiation and sustenance of hydrological drought using SDI. The SMDI was obtained from soil moisture simulated using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) for the periods of 1980–2008. The study results suggested that the proposed index was able to represent the historical river flow deficit that persisted in the basin in the year 1992. Increasing variation in the streamflow deficit in parts of Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam, and Cambodia from the year 1992 was also captured by SDI. The flooding year 2000, which resulted in an economic loss of over 200 million USD, was also effectively captured by the proposed index. The lengthening of the streamflow drought, a metric used to represent drought propagation, was shorter by at least 2 months in forested catchments compared with that of agricultural catchments, which implies that any deficit in precipitation and soil moisture, will have a severe impact on agricultural basins. Similarly, the attenuation of both agricultural and hydrological drought was found to be smaller in forested subbasins than those in agricultural subbasins. The findings of the study will be useful for the timely identification of extreme hydrological events and for planning mitigation measures.
Faecal microbiota transplantation from young rats attenuates age‐related sarcopenia revealed by multiomics analysis
Authors: Mo Xiaoxing , Shen Lihui , Cheng Ruijie , Wang Pei , Wen Lin , Sun Yunhong , Wang Qiang , Chen Juan , Lin Shan , Liao Yuxiao , Yang Wei , Yan Hong , Liu Liegang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota plays a key role in the development of sarcopenia via the ‘gut‐muscle’ axis, and probiotics‐based therapy might be a strategy for sarcopenia. Fecal microbiota transplantation from young donors (yFMT) has attracted much attention because of its probiotic function. However, whether or not yFMT is effective for sarcopenia in old recipients is largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of yFMT on age‐related sarcopenia.MethodsThe fecal microbiota of either young (12 weeks) or old (88 weeks) donor rats was transplanted into aged recipient rats for 8 weeks. Then, muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle function, muscle atrophy, and muscle regeneration capacity were measured. Analysis of fecal 16 s rRNA, serum non‐targeted metabolomic, gut barrier integrity, and muscle transcriptome was conducted to elucidate the interaction between gut microbiota and skeletal muscles.ResultsAs evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging examination, grip strength test (P < 0.01), rotarod test (P < 0.05), and exhaustive running test (P < 0.05), we found that yFMT mitigated muscle mass loss, muscle strength weakness, and muscle function impairment in aged rats. yFMT also countered age‐related atrophy and poor regeneration capacity in fast‐ and slow‐switch muscles, which were manifested by the decrease in slow‐switch myofibres (both P < 0.01) and muscle interstitial fibrosis (both P < 0.05) and the increase in the cross‐section area of myofibres (both P < 0.001), fast‐switch myofibres (both P < 0.01), and muscle satellite cells (both P < 0.001). In addition, yFMT ameliorated age‐related dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites by promoting the production of beneficial bacteria and metabolites—Akkermansia, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, γ‐glutamyltyrosine, 3R‐hydroxy‐butanoic acid, and methoxyacetic acid and inhibiting the production of deleterious bacteria and metabolites—Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Collinsella, indoxyl sulfate, indole‐3‐carboxilic acid‐O‐sulphate, and trimethylamine N‐oxide. Also, yFMT prevented age‐related destruction of gut barrier integrity by increasing the density of goblet cells (P < 0.0001) and the expression levels of mucin‐2 (P < 0.0001) and tight junctional proteins (all P < 0.05). Meanwhile, yFMT attenuated age‐related impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and function in fast‐ and slow‐switch muscles. Correlation analysis revealed that yFMT‐induced alterations of gut microbiota and metabolites might be closely related to mitochondria‐related genes and sarcopenia‐related phenotypes.ConclusionsyFMT could reshape the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites, maintain gut barrier integrity, and improve muscle mitochondrial dysfunction, eventually alleviating sarcopenia in aged rats. yFMT might be a new therapeutic strategy for age‐related sarcopenia.
In situ synthesis of S‐doped coal‐based carbon quantum dots and its application to Cr6+ detection
Authors: Xu Shiyong , Zhang Jiqiao , Li Mei , Jin Zhiliang , Wang Yijun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoal‐based carbon quantum dots have better stability compared with other carbon quantum dots prepared from small molecules as carbon sources. Elemental doping can effectively improve the fluorescence performance of carbon quantum dots. However, the electronegativity difference between sulfur and carbon is small and the charge transfer between the two is very weak, so it is very difficult to dope sulfur onto carbon quantum dots by chemical methods. High sulfur content coal can achieve in situ synthesis of sulfur‐containing carbon quantum dots.RESULTSThe results showed that the prepared quantum dots had good stability and which increased with the increase of coal rank. CQDS is well dispersed, with an average particle size between 2.44 and 2.74 nm. It can emit light blue fluorescence under the UV excitation of 365 nm. It was found that trace amount of Cr6+ had a fluorescence quenching effect on CQDS and a good linear relationship was observed in the range of 0–100 μmol·L−1.CONCLUSIONQuantum dots doped with S atoms have better selectivity, interference resistance, and sensitivity in the detection of metal ions. The stability and the particle size of CQDS are increased with the coal rank. The quantum yield of CQDS prepared from high sulfur content coal is higher than low sulfur content coal which has same rank. The addition of Cr6+ to CQDS produces a dynamic fluorescence quenching. This study provides a new idea for the green preparation of coal‐based carbon quantum dots and the ion detection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The importance of the “how”: the case for differentiated service delivery of long‐acting and extended delivery regimens for HIV prevention and treatment
Authors: Grimsrud Anna , Wilkinson Lynne , Delany‐Moretlwe Sinead , Ehrenkranz Peter , Green Kimberly , Murenga Maureen , Ngure Kenneth , Otwoma Nelson J. , Phanuphak Nittaya , Vandevelde Wim , Vitoria Marco , Bygrave Helen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionLong‐acting and extended delivery (LAED) regimens for HIV treatment and prevention offer unique benefits to expand uptake, effective use and adherence. To date, research has focused on basic and clinical science around the safety and efficacy of these products. This commentary outlines opportunities in HIV prevention and treatment programmes, both for the health system and clients, that could be addressed through the inclusion of LAED regimens and the vital role of differentiated service delivery (DSD) in ensuring efficient and equitable access.DiscussionThe realities and challenges within HIV treatment and prevention programmes are different. Globally, more than 28 million people are accessing HIV treatment—the vast majority on a daily fixed‐dose combination oral pill that is largely available, affordable and well‐tolerated. Many people collect extended refills outside of health facilities with clinical consultations once or twice a year. Conversely, uptake of daily oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has consistently missed global targets due to limited access with high individual cost and lack of choice contributing to substantial unmet PrEP need. Recent trends in demedicalization, simplification, additional method options and DSD for PrEP have led to accelerated uptake as its availability has become more aligned with user preferences. How people currently receive HIV treatment and prevention services and their barriers to adherence must be considered for the introduction of LAED regimens to achieve the expected improvements in access and outcomes. Important considerations include the building blocks of DSD: who (provider), where (location), when (frequency) and what (package of services). Ideally, all LAED regimens will leverage DSD models that emphasize access at the community level and self‐management. For treatment, LAED regimens may address challenges with adherence but their delivery should provide clear advantages over existing oral products to be scaled. For prevention, LAED regimens expand a potential PrEP user's choice of methods, but like other methods, need to be delivered in a manner that can facilitate frequent re‐initiation.ConclusionsTo ensure that innovative LAED HIV treatment and prevention products reach those who most stand to benefit, service delivery and client considerations during development, trial and early implementation are critical.
What will it take for an injectable ARV to change the face of the HIV epidemic in high‐prevalence countries? Considerations regarding drug costs and operations
Authors: Meyer‐Rath Gesine , Jamieson Lise , Pillay Yogan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe proven effectiveness of injectable cabotegravir (CAB‐LA) is higher than that of any other HIV prevention intervention ever trialled or implemented, surpassing medical male circumcision, condoms and combination antiretroviral treatment. Based on our own analyses and experience with the South African oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programme, we review the supply and demand side factors that would need to be in place for a successful rollout of CAB‐LA, and delineate lessons for the launch of other long‐acting and extended delivery (LAED) antiretroviral drugs.DiscussionOn the supply side, CAB‐LA will have to be offered at a price that makes the drug affordable and cost‐effective to low‐ and middle‐income countries, especially those with high HIV prevalence. An important factor in lowering prices is a guaranteed market volume, which in turn necessitates the involvement of large funders, such as PEPFAR and the Global Fund, and a fairly rapid scale‐up of the drug. Such a scale‐up would have to involve speedy regulatory approval and WHO pre‐qualification, swift integration of CAB‐LA into national guidelines and planning for large enough manufacturing capacity, including the enabling of local manufacture. On the demand side, existing demand for HIV prevention products has to be harnessed and additional demand created, which will be aided by designing CAB‐LA programmes at the primary healthcare or community level, and involving non‐traditional outlets, such as private pharmacies and doctors’ practices.ConclusionsCAB‐LA could be the game changer for HIV prevention that we have been hoping for, and serve as a useful pilot for other LAEDs. A successful rollout would involve building markets of a guaranteed size; lowering the drug's price to a level possibly below the cost of production, while also lowering the cost of production altogether; harnessing, creating and sustaining demand for the product over the long term, wherever possible, in national programmes rather than single demonstration sites; and establishing and maintaining manufacturing capacity and supply chains. For this, all parties have to work together—including originator and generic manufacturers, donor organizations and other large funders, and the governments of low‐ and middle‐income countries, in particular those with high HIV prevalence.
Advancing the use of Long‐Acting Extended Delivery formulations for HIV prevention in sub‐Saharan Africa: challenges, opportunities, and recommendations
Authors: Mgodi Nyaradzo M. , Murewanhema Grant , Moyo Enos , Samba Chesterfield , Musuka Godfrey , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Brown Joelle M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe burden of HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) remains unacceptably high, and disproportionately affects girls and women. While the introduction of oral HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in 2012 revolutionized HIV prevention, its effectiveness is dependent on user adherence and its implementation in SSA has faced numerous challenges. Patient‐level, interpersonal and structural barriers, including, for example, daily pill burden, side effects, lack of partner support, testing and disclosure, and costs have been found to reduce adherence to oral PrEP.DiscussionLong‐acting extended delivery (LAED) formulations for PrEP, such as injectable long‐acting cabotegravir (CAB‐LA) and dapivirine vaginal ring (DPV‐VR) are critical additions to the HIV prevention toolkit and are especially important for populations such as adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and other key populations who remain at significant risk of HIV acquisition while facing substantial barriers to preventive services. These LAED formulations have been shown to result in better adherence and fewer side effects, with CAB‐LA being superior to oral PrEP in reducing the risk of HIV acquisition. They can be used to overcome user burden and adherence challenges. However, the successful rollout of the DPV‐VR and CAB‐LA may be hampered by issues such as a shortage of healthcare providers (HCPs), inadequate parenteral medication infrastructure, increased workload for HCPs, patient concerns, the price of the medications and the possibility of drug resistance.ConclusionsSSA must develop laboratory capabilities for monitoring patients on LAED formulations and enhance research on developing more non‐injectable LAED formulations. There is a need to train and retain more HCPs, implement task shifting, invest in healthcare infrastructure and integrate healthcare services. To reduce costs and improve availability, the region must advocate for patent license waivers for LAED formulations and procure drugs collectively as a region.
Choosing between energy and ecologies of health: Understanding developmentalism, state formation and local life worlds
Authors: Niazi Komal , Shoaib Muhammad , Qadar Abdul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnvironmental crises, precipitated by a globally dominant model of developmentalism, have changed the lives of less visible communities in geographical peripheries. This study draws on our participant observation of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in general as a massive infrastructural development project and the Qadirabad coal power plant as one of many CPEC projects where developmentalism and local lives intersect with each other. We have presented evidence of how massive development projects bring about consequential but disguised social and environmental impacts on locals. The locals' narratives show that the Qadirabad project has brought about economic, agricultural and environmental degradation in their lives. They believe that the governments in Pakistan are conscious of foreign projects with adverse effects on the everyday lived realities of the people but willfully choose to ignore them.
Impacts of agricultural capital subsidies for women in Burkina Faso: Lessons from a Computable General Equilibrium model
Authors: Zidouemba Patrice Rélouendé , Kinda Romuald Somlanare , Nikiema Pouirkèta Rita 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSub‐Saharan African countries have a strong involvement of women in the agricultural sector. However, women have limited access to productive resources. A better endowment of productive resources for women is seen as a crucial option for achieving noteworthy results in terms of agricultural production, income, and economic growth and for reducing income inequalities between men and women. This study aims to analyse the potential impacts of a subsidy policy on women's agricultural capital in Burkina Faso. It makes use of a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model and a gendered social accounting matrix. The results indicate that the subsidy policy contributes to increasing women's income more than men's income, helping to reduce income inequality between men and women. Moreover, unemployment for women decreases significantly. Finally, the policy is conducive to economic growth regardless of the funding source.
The cost of perfection: An investigation into the unnecessary rejection of clinically acceptable lateral wrist imaging
Authors: Steward Adam , Semsem Sarah , Currie Katie , Bentley Louise , Mineo Renee , Holliday Mia , McAnulty Kim , Master Vahid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study illustrates image rejection rates of the lateral wrist x‐ray projection at a large, public teaching hospital. Rejected images were evaluated to determine the number of images that needed to be repeated based on the clinical indication. This study highlights the difference in subjective image‐repeat decision‐making skills existing between radiologists, experienced radiographers and junior radiographers.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of all rejected lateral wrist x‐ray images by a panel of three radiologists, three experienced radiographers and six junior radiographers. This review aimed to determine if rejected imaging met the consideration of the clinical indication and assumed appropriate acquisition of an orthogonal projection. A complement of images that had not been rejected were included in the review to create a blinded study.ResultsThe review demonstrated 85.8% of rejected images were deemed to meet clinical requirements according to radiologists. The experienced radiographers agreed with radiologists regarding 75.3% of images. Junior radiographers agreed with radiologists in 34.2% of cases. Junior radiographers were three times more likely to seek repeat imaging than the radiologists and experienced radiographers.ConclusionsThis review demonstrated a lateral wrist projection reject rate of 38.7% with unnecessary repeats according to clinical indications in 85.8% of cases. The review of experienced radiographers was comparable to radiologists; however, the difference in decision‐making skills was evident in the junior radiographers. This highlights an alarming trend, should similar results be demonstrated at other health services and indicates an unnecessary burden to clinical practice. Inclusion of clinical reasoning for imaging and the need for repeat imaging is recommended for radiography training programs.