bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivations of small-scale producers and gardeners towards tomato
landrace utilization
Authors: Tihanyi Adrienn , Csambalik László 
Published: March 2023

Old varieties and landraces of cultivated crops has gradually been
excluded from commercial production as new varieties and hybrids
overperformed them in yield quantity and in resistance to pests and
diseases. However, these old genetic materials can act as a genetic pool
for advantageous traits, therefore their maintenance is reasonable from a
breeding point of view. The landraces are the elements of the extensive
production systems as these do not require the use of synthetic fertilizers
and pesticides. Their production can contribute to agrobiodiversity in
species- and variety level as well.
Ex-situ conservation of these genetic materials is done by
centralized gene banks. In-situ maintenance, however is less organized, as
it is based on the choice of farmers. In our study, we investigated the
motivations of Hungarian small-scale farmers and amateur gardeners to adopt
tomato landraces in their production. The evaluation of the questionnaire
revealed the strong interconnection of producers to their chosen genetic
materials. This emotional-based link seems to be a good foundation to the
small-scale maintenance, utilization, and survival of this agricultural
heritage.
Comparison of different substrates for organic seedling production
Authors: Divéky-Ertsey Anna , Csambalik László , Pusztai Péter , Madaras Krisztina , Gál Izóra 
Published: March 2023

Propagation from seedlings is generally applied in the horticultural
sector and it has many advantages including earlier harvest and more
efficient resource (land, time, energy and seeds) utilization, as well as
healthy and homogenous plant production. In conventional large-scale
horticulture, seedling cultivation has already become a separate sector.
The basis of successful seedling production is the use of the suitable
substrate. The physical and chemical quality of the growing medium is
crucial. There can be significant differences among the growing media
available at the domestic market. For own substrate, farmers put different
mixtures of peat, perlite and nutrients together according to a unique
recipe.
According to the Regulation (EU) 2018/848 on organic production and
labelling of organic products, only organic seed and seedling can be used
for organic plant production. Therefore, seeds, fertilizers, plant
protection and disinfection substances are allowed to be applied only when
authorized for use in organic production by the regulations.
Recently there are only a few professional organic seedling
producers in Hungary. Most of the organic farmers produce their own
seedlings. For this purpose, commercially available certified organic
growing media, or home mixed substrates are used.
In this study, two commercially available organic substrates
(Florasca Bio B and Klasmann KKS Proline) are compared with two typical
farmer mixtures: peat with pelleted cattle manure and peat with compost.
The physical and chemical properties of the substrates are investigated and
presented.
COVID-19 Anchor for Cruise Tourism. An analysis of Gdańsk’s and Gdynia's Cruise Tourism in the 2017-2020 Period
Authors: PIOCH Joanna , CHMIELEWSKI Mariusz , PŁOSKA Renata , ŚLEDZIK Karol 
Published: March 2023

In many Member States, European regions and cities, tourism is a key factor in the economic and social structure. The COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in 2020 caused significant losses in the tourism sector area in all European Union (EU) countries. This applies in particular to one of the elements of the tourism sector of any economy with access to the sea - the possibility of accepting cruise ships. This cruise tourism sector has also been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The aim of this paper is to estimate the number of selected expenditures of passengers and cruise ship crews entering the ports of Gdańsk and Gdynia, which are a source of revenue for the region, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on limiting the growth of this tourism segment. Our study takes a holistic approach by estimating the amount of revenue generated by tourists arriving in the two ports in the Gulf of Gdańsk capable of handling large cruise ships. Based on the number of arriving tourists in 2017-2020, the study estimates the income of tourism enterprises that receive a direct cash inflow from offering services to arriving tourists.
The tourism sector that was particularly affected by the pandemic was cruise tourism. In 2020, this sector recorded an over 5-fold decrease in the number of cruise ship passengers. The conclusions of the study show that the number of cruise ships arriving in the analysed ports in 2020 decreased significantly compared to the previous year, similarly to other ports in the region. At the same time, the number of passengers visiting the analysed ports decreased substantially. Nevertheless, the dynamic growth of cruise tourism in the Baltic Sea basin, which began before the COVID-19 pandemic, allows for conclusions about further development of this tourism segment and its potential impact on the region’s economy after the crisis which occurred in 2020.
Dasya hispida sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from Puerto Rico and Grenada, Caribbean Sea
Authors: Ballantine David L. , Norris James N. , Johnson Gabe P. , Ruiz Hector J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A new subtidal species of Dasya is reported from offshore algal plains of Puerto Rico and Grenada in the Caribbean. Closely invested with pigmented lateral branchlets giving the alga a shaggy appearance, the species bears close resemblance and genetic affinity to the Bermudian Dasya cryptica and a superficial resemblance to Pacific D. anastomosans. The new species differs from all known Atlantic congeners as well as non-Atlantic members of the “Dasya cryptica complex” both genetically and in possessing rhizoids among its pericentral and enlarged inner cortical cells.
Exergetic performance analyses of three different cogeneration plants
Authors: Keven Arzu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Energy cost and consumption are increasing, so that efficiency becomes more important, from the production to the end users. Energy reserves are limited; increasing demand and environmental concerns make efficiency important. To provide cost-effective and clean power generation, gas turbines and cogeneration are becoming the key technology that must be researched and developed. Three different cogeneration cycles are analyzed by using first and second laws of thermodynamics and exergy analysis method. The three cycles are basic, air heated, and fuel air heated cycles. The performance analysis of the devices such as turbine, recuperator, combustion chamber, compressor, and heat exchanger for the whole cycle is obtained and discussed. For different excess air rates, compression ratios (r), and ambient (inlet air) temperatures, the Z factor (ratio of lost exergy to useful exergy), specific fuel consumption, and specific work and other performance parameters of the devices were obtained and discussed. It is found that excess air rates have the most effect on the performance of the three cycles.
Tone and prosodic recursion in Degema nouns and noun phrases
Authors: Rolle Nicholas , Kari Ethelbert Emmanuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the first systematic study of tone in nouns and noun phrases in Degema. From a database of approximately 1,000 nouns, we find that nouns fall into three main tone patterns: /L-L/ (48% of nouns), /H-H/ (18%), and /L-HH/ (13%). This last case is theoretically important in that it includes cases where two separate H tones associate to the same tone-bearing unit, in violation of the Obligatory Contour Principle. In isolation, nouns are subject to two basic tone rules which alter their underlying forms: downstep is inserted between two final H’s (e.g. /H-H/ → [H↓H]), and H is inserted at the end of an all-low sequence (e.g. /L-L/ → [LH]). The combined effect of these rules is that virtually all nouns and noun phrases have a pitch change. Further, we catalog tonal effects found on nouns in 33 distinct modificational contexts within the noun phrase. We attribute these tonal effects to whether modifiers plus the noun form phonological phrases (φ) or phonological words (ɷ), and whether they form recursive prosodic structures, e.g. of the type ( ( A )φ B )φ. By positing recursive structure, we can localize tonal effects to an outermost prosodic layer (e.g. φ[+max]), innermost layer (e.g. φ[+min]), non-inner or outermost layers (e.g. φ[-max]), or to the prosodic category as a whole (i.e. all layers of a φ).
Performance enhancement and analysis of 40 GB/s dual channel hybrid FSO/FO link under diverse weather conditions
Authors: Parkash Sooraj , Banga Amita 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper is demonstrating the simulative comparisons and investigation of free-space optical fiber optic (FSO/FO) hybrid link under the effects of clear sky, haze and light rain weather conditions by using phase shift keying (PSK) modulation format with a data rate 40 GB/s at 1550 nm wavelength. An optical amplifier with 40 dB gain is placed before the FSO transmitter to boost the amplitude of a weak signal. A combination of multiple FSO transmitters, erbium-doped fiber (EDF) 3 m and bidirectional dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) 3.2 km are employed to overcome the effect of attenuation in the propagating channel. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of BER, SNR, Q factor and eye diagrams. It has been observed that the performance of dual-channel hybrid FSO/FO is very robust as compared to conventional FSO/FO systems. While the communication distance with the hybrid link is escalated up to 54 km, 11 km and 5.5 km in a clear sky, haze and light rain climate conditions correspondingly. The satisfying values of BER have been observed as 10−14, 10−11, and 10−13 for clear, haze and light rain weather conditions, respectively.
Liquid phase selective oxidation of cyclohexane using gamma alumina doped manganese catalysts and ozone: an insight into reaction mechanism
Authors: Mkhondwane Siphumelele T. , Pullabhotla V. S. R. Rajasekhar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the oxidation of cyclohexane using various percentages of Mn/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized with various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The XRD showed the presence of γ-Al2O3 and MnO only. However, the XPS showed that AlO, AlOH, Mn2O3 and MnO2 also exist. The TEM results of pristine γ-Al2O3 showed characteristics of a spherically shaped material, whereas Mn/γ-Al2O3 catalysts displayed rod shaped particles. The EPR results showed that hydroxide radicals are the main reactive species responsible for the significant oxidation of cyclohexane and the catalysts play a profound role in the generation of hydroxide radicals. The oxidation of cyclohexane was performed for 1 h and the reaction products were analysed using GC-MS and FT-IR in 30 min intervals. The 2.5% Mn/γ-Al2O3 was the most reactive catalyst with a percentage conversion of 33% after 1 h oxidation. The cyclohexanol and the cyclohexanone were the only reaction products obtained. This study exhibited that Mn/γ-Al2O3 catalysts when used in conjunction with ozone are potential replacement for industrially used homogeneous manganese catalysts.
1,4-Divinylphenylene-bridged diruthenium complexes with 2-hydroxypyridine- and 2- or 8-hydroxyquinoline-olate ligands
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Obadah S. , Linseis Michael , Alowais Alaa , Winter Rainer F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Four divinylphenylene-bridged diruthenium complexes [{Ru(CO)(P
i
Pr3)2(L-κ

2
[N,O]
–
)}2(μ-CH=CH-C6H4-CH=CH-1,4)] (2a–2d) with N,O-chelating 2-hydroxypyridine and 2-hydroxy- or 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands are presented. They were studied by NMR spectroscopy, electrochemical methods and, in their neutral and oxidized states, by IR, UV/Vis/NIR and, if applicable, by EPR spectroscopy. The experimental studies are complimented by (TD-)DFT calculations. Our results indicate that the pyridine-olate complexes 2a,b exist as three isomers with a ratio of about 78:20:2 that differ with respect to the orientation of the N and O donors relative to the CO and alkenyl ligands in the equatorial coordination plane. Only the isomer with both imine N donors trans to the alkenyl ligand is observed for complexes 2c,d with quinolinato ligands. All complexes undergo two consecutive, chemically and electrochemically reversible one-electron oxidations at low potentials. Our results indicate strong contributions of the divinylphenylene bridge to the redox processes and an even delocalization of the electron hole and the unpaired spin density over the entire π-conjugated divinylphenylene diruthenium backbone with only minor involvement of the peripherally attached κ

2
[N,O]
–
donor ligands.
Capacity Limits Lead to Information Bottlenecks in Ongoing Rapid Motor Behaviors
Authors: Moulton Richard Hugh , Rudie Karen , Dukelow Sean P. , Benson Brian W. , Scott Stephen H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStudies of ongoing, rapid motor behaviors have often focused on the decision-making implicit in the task. Here, we instead study how decision-making integrates with the perceptual and motor systems and propose a framework of limited-capacity, pipelined processing with flexible resources to understand rapid motor behaviors. Results from three experiments show that human performance is consistent with our framework: participants perform objectively worse as task difficulty increases, and, surprisingly, this drop in performance is largest for the most skilled performers. As well, our analysis shows that the worst-performing participants can perform equally well under increased task demands, which is consistent with flexible neural resources being allocated to reduce bottleneck effects and improve overall performance. We conclude that capacity limits lead to information bottlenecks and that processes like attention help reduce the effects that these bottlenecks have on maximal performance.
Impaired AMPARs Translocation into Dendritic Spines with Motor Skill Learning in the Fragile X Mouse Model
Authors: Suresh Anand , Dunaevsky Anna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMotor skill learning induces changes in synaptic structure and function in the primary motor cortex (M1). In the fragile X syndrome (FXS) mouse model an impairment in motor skill learning and associated formation of new dendritic spines was previously reported. However, whether modulation of synaptic strength through trafficking of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) with motor skill training is impaired in FXS is not known. Here, we performedin vivoimaging of a tagged AMPA receptor subunit, GluA2, in layer (L)2/3 neurons in the primary motor cortex of wild-type (WT) andFmr1knock-out (KO) male mice at different stages of learning a single forelimb-reaching task. Surprisingly, in theFmr1KO mice, despite impairments in learning there was no deficit in motor skill training-induced spine formation. However, the gradual accumulation of GluA2 in WT stable spines, which persists after training is completed and past the phase of spine number normalization, is absent in theFmr1KO mouse. These results demonstrate that motor skill learning not only reorganizes circuits through formation of new synapses, but also strengthens existing synapses through accumulation of AMPA receptors and GluA2 changes are better associated with learning than new spine formation.
Bicistronic Expression of a High-Performance Calcium Indicator and Opsin for All-Optical Stimulation and Imaging at Cellular Resolution
Authors: LaFosse Paul K. , Zhou Zhishang , Friedman Nina G. , Deng Yanting , Li Anna J. , Akitake Bradley , Histed Mark H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractState-of-the-art all-optical systems promise unprecedented access to neural activityin vivo, using multiphoton optogenetics to allow simultaneous imaging and control of activity in selected neurons at cellular resolution. However, to achieve wide use of all-optical stimulation and imaging, simple strategies are needed to robustly and stably express opsins and indicators in the same cells. Here, we describe a bicistronic adeno-associated virus (AAV) that expresses both the fast and bright calcium indicator jGCaMP8s, and a soma-targeted (st) and two-photon-activatable opsin, ChrimsonR. With this method, stChrimsonR stimulation with two-photon holography in the visual cortex of mice drives robust spiking in targeted cells, and neural responses to visual sensory stimuli and spontaneous activity are strong and stable. Cells expressing this bicistronic construct show responses to both photostimulation and visual stimulation that are similar to responses measured from cells expressing the same opsin and indicator via separate viruses. This approach is a simple and robust way to prepare neuronsin vivofor two-photon holography and imaging.
Role of Piriform Cortex and Its Afferent Projections in Relapse to Fentanyl Seeking after Food Choice-Induced Voluntary Abstinence
Authors: Claypool Sarah M. , Reiner David J. , Behdin Sana , Orihuel Javier , Batista Ashley , Caldwell Kiera E. , Chow Jonathan J. , Bossert Jennifer M. , Rubio F. Javier , Hope Bruce T. , Shaham Yavin 
Published: March 2023

We previously demonstrated a role of piriform cortex (Pir) in relapse to fentanyl seeking after food choice-induced voluntary abstinence. Here, we used this model to further study the role of Pir and its afferent projections in fentanyl relapse. We trained male and female rats to self-administer palatable food pellets for 6 d (6 h/day) and fentanyl (2.5 µg/kg/infusion, i.v.) for 12 d (6 h/day). We assessed relapse to fentanyl seeking after 12 voluntary abstinence sessions, achieved through a discrete choice procedure between fentanyl and palatable food (20 trials/session). We determined projection-specific activation of Pir afferents during fentanyl relapse with Fos plus the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (injected into Pir). Fentanyl relapse was associated with increased Fos expression in anterior insular cortex (AI) and prelimbic cortex (PL) neurons projecting to Pir. We next used an anatomical disconnection procedure to determine the causal role of these two projections (AI→Pir and PL→Pir) in fentanyl relapse. Contralateral but not ipsilateral disconnection of AI→Pir projections decreased fentanyl relapse but not reacquisition of fentanyl self-administration. In contrast, contralateral but not ipsilateral disconnection of PL→Pir projections modestly decreased reacquisition but not relapse. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and quantitative PCR data showed molecular changes within Pir Fos-expressing neurons associated with fentanyl relapse. Finally, we found minimal or no sex differences in fentanyl self-administration, fentanyl versus food choice, and fentanyl relapse. Our results indicate that AI→Pir and PL→Pir projections play dissociable roles in nonreinforced relapse to fentanyl seeking versus reacquisition of fentanyl self-administration after food choice-induced voluntary abstinence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe previously showed a role of Pir in fentanyl relapse after food choice-induced voluntary abstinence in rats, a procedure mimicking human abstinence or a significant reduction in drug self-administration because of the availability of alternative nondrug rewards. Here, we aimed to further characterize the role of Pir in fentanyl relapse by investigating the role of Pir afferent projections and analyzing molecular changes in relapse-activated Pir neurons. We identified dissociable roles of two Pir afferent projections (AI→Pir and PL→Pir) in relapse to fentanyl seeking versus reacquisition of fentanyl self-administration after voluntary abstinence. We also characterized molecular changes within Pir Fos-expressing neurons associated with fentanyl relapse.
Identification of Sodium- and Chloride-Sensitive Sites in the Slack Channel
Authors: Xu Jie , Lv Yan-Tian , Zhao Xiao-Yun , Wang Jing-Jing , Shen Zhong-Shan , Li Jian , Zhang Fei-Fei , Liu Jing , Wang Xiao-Hui , Xu Yun , Geng Qi , Ding Yi-Tong , Xu Jing-Jing , Tan Meng-Jiao , Li Zhi-Xiao , Wang Ran , Chen Jian , Sun Wen , Cui Meng , Logothetis Diomedes E. , Cao Jun-li , Tang Qiong-Yao , Zhang Zhe 
Published: March 2023

The Slack channel (KCNT1, Slo2.2) is a sodium-activated and chloride-activated potassium channel that regulates heart rate and maintains the normal excitability of the nervous system. Despite intense interest in the sodium gating mechanism, a comprehensive investigation to identify the sodium-sensitive and chloride-sensitive sites has been missing. In the present study, we identified two potential sodium-binding sites in the C-terminal domain of the rat Slack channel by conducting electrophysical recordings and systematic mutagenesis of cytosolic acidic residues in the rat Slack channel C terminus. In particular, by taking advantage of the M335A mutant, which results in the opening of the Slack channel in the absence of cytosolic sodium, we found that among the 92 screened negatively charged amino acids, E373 mutants could completely remove sodium sensitivity of the Slack channel. In contrast, several other mutants showed dramatic decreases in sodium sensitivity but did not abolish it altogether. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed at the hundreds of nanoseconds timescale revealed one or two sodium ions at the E373 position or an acidic pocket composed of several negatively charged residues. Moreover, the MD simulations predicted possible chloride interaction sites. By screening predicted positively charged residues, we identified R379 as a chloride interaction site. Thus, we conclude that the E373 site and the D863/E865 pocket are two potential sodium-sensitive sites, while R379 is a chloride interaction site in the Slack channel.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe research presented here identified two distinct sodium and one chloride interaction sites located in the intracellular C-terminal domain of the Slack (Slo2.2, KCNT1) channel. Identification of the sites responsible for the sodium and chloride activation of the Slack channel sets its gating property apart from other potassium channels in the BK channel family. This finding sets the stage for future functional and pharmacological studies of this channel.