bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing and monitoring infectious sources of schistosomiasis by developing deep learning models with high-resolution remote sensing images
Authors: Xue Jing-Bo , Xia Shang , Wang Xin‑Yi , Huang Lu-Lu , Huang Liang-Yu , Hao Yu-Wan , Zhang Li-Juan , Li Shi-Zhu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
China is progressing towards the goal of schistosomiasis elimination, but there are still some problems, such as difficult management of infection source and snail control. This study aimed to develop deep learning models with high-resolution remote sensing images for recognizing and monitoring livestock bovine, which is an intermediate source of Schistosoma japonicum infection, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the models for real-world application.

Methods
The dataset of livestock bovine’s spatial distribution was collected from the Chinese National Platform for Common Geospatial Information Services. The high-resolution remote sensing images were further divided into training data, test data, and validation data for model development. Two recognition models based on deep learning methods (ENVINet5 and Mask R-CNN) were developed with reference to the training datasets. The performance of the developed models was evaluated by the performance metrics of precision, recall, and F1-score.

Results
A total of 50 typical image areas were selected, 1125 bovine objectives were labeled by the ENVINet5 model and 1277 bovine objectives were labeled by the Mask R-CNN model. For the ENVINet5 model, a total of 1598 records of bovine distribution were recognized. The model precision and recall were 81.9% and 80.2%, respectively. The F1 score was 0.81. For the Mask R-CNN mode, 1679 records of bovine objectives were identified. The model precision and recall were 87.3% and 85.2%, respectively. The F1 score was 0.87. When applying the developed models to real-world schistosomiasis-endemic regions, there were 63 bovine objectives in the original image, 53 records were extracted using the ENVINet5 model, and 57 records were extracted using the Mask R-CNN model. The successful recognition ratios were 84.1% and 90.5% for the respectively developed models.

Conclusion
The ENVINet5 model is very feasible when the bovine distribution is low in structure with few samples. The Mask R-CNN model has a good framework design and runs highly efficiently. The livestock recognition models developed using deep learning methods with high-resolution remote sensing images accurately recognize the spatial distribution of livestock, which could enable precise control of schistosomiasis.

Graphical Abstract
Behavioral, biochemical and histopathological toxic profiles induced by sub-chronic cannabimimetic WIN55, 212–2 administration in mice
Authors: Omran Ghada A. , Abd Allah Eman S. H. , Mohammed Sherine Ahmed , El Shehaby Doaa M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWIN55, 212–2 mesylate is a synthetic cannabinoid (SC) agonist of CB1 and CB2 receptors with much higher affinity to CB1 receptor than tetrahydrocannabinol and many potential therapeutic effects. Few studies have evaluated SCs effects on more complex animal behavior and sex differences in cannabinoids toxicology. The current study was undertaken for determination of behavioral (Open Field test), biochemical (liver and kidney function test plus GABA & Glutamate levels), histopathological and CB1 immunohistochemistry risks of sub-chronic administration of SC WIN55, 212–2 mesylate in male and female mice. A total of 40 healthy adult mice were randomly divided into four groups (5 mice each): a negative control group, a vehicle group, a low dose (0.05 mg/kg) group and a high dose group (0.1 mg/kg) for each gender.Open Field Testrevealed dose and gender-dependent anxiogenic effect with reduced locomotor activity in both sexes especially the higher doses with female mice being less compromised. GABA and glutamate levels increased significantly in both dose groups compared to controls alongside female mice versus males. No significant biochemical alterations were found in all groups with minimal histopathological changes. The CB1 receptors immunohistochemistry revealed a significant increase in the number of CB1 positive neurons in both low and high dose groups against controls with higher expression in female brains.ConclusionsThere were sexual dimorphism effects induced by sub-chronic exposure to WIN55, 212–2 with lesser female mice affection and dose-dependent influences.
Re-examining the effectiveness of processing instruction components for teaching the present subjunctive: Do learning styles make a difference?
Authors: Haghani Mastaneh , Rashtchi Mojgan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present quasi-experimental study investigated which component of processing instruction (PI) is responsible for its beneficial effects and whether EFL learners with different learning styles similarly benefit from PI components. In doing so, a sample of 67 first-year students took part in a study with a non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design. The participants were randomly divided into three groups: one receiving explicit information without further exercises (EI group), another receiving structured input activities comprising both referential and affective activities without explicit information (SI group), and the third group receiving processing instruction containing both explicit information and structured input activities (PI group). First, Ehrman and Leaver’s (E & L) Construct questionnaire was employed to categorize the participants into ectenic and synoptic learners in each group. Afterward, a General Language Proficiency Test (GLPT) and a Target Structure Test were administered. After the treatment, the learners took a posttest modeling the pretest. The independent samples t-tests run in each group revealed no significant differences between the ectenic and synoptic learners’ performance regarding the components of PI. However, the findings suggested that the ectenic learners benefited least from the SI activities, and the advantageous effect of PI was mainly related to EI. Pedagogical implications of the study for opposing learning styles are discussed, and suggestions are provided for further research.
A case of glossopharyngeal neuralgia successfully treated with levetiracetam
Authors: Nishie Hiroyuki , Sakuta Yuka , Nakatsuka Hideki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a condition that causes severe pain in the throat during swallowing. Although carbamazepine is a viable option for treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia, there are minimal data regarding the effect of alternative agents to treat it. We report on glossopharyngeal neuralgia, which is successfully controlled by levetiracetam.

Presentation
A woman in her 70s checked into our hospital with a chief complaint of neck pain lasting 5 years. She had a history of carbamazepine-induced interstitial pneumonia. As a result, we prescribed oral levetiracetam 1000 mg daily in addition to mirogabalin, which was previously prescribed. This effectively reduced the numerical rating scale from 9 to 1 with no adverse effects. Finally, she underwent microvascular decompression, and her symptoms were resolved.

Conclusion
Levetiracetam may be an option for patients with glossopharyngeal neuralgia who cannot receive carbamazepine. However, levetiracetam is for off-label use according to the Japanese medical system.
In vivo imaging of inflammatory response in cancer research
Authors: Konishi Yoshinobu , Terai Kenta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractInflammation can contribute to the development and progression of cancer. The inflammatory responses in the tumor microenvironment are shaped by complex sequences of dynamic intercellular cross-talks among diverse types of cells, and recapitulation of these dynamic events in vitro has yet to be achieved. Today, intravital microscopy with two-photon excitation microscopes (2P-IVM) is the mainstay technique for observing intercellular cross-talks in situ, unraveling cellular and molecular mechanisms in the context of their spatiotemporal dynamics. In this review, we summarize the current state of 2P-IVM with fluorescent indicators of signal transduction to reveal the cross-talks between cancer cells and surrounding cells including both immune and non-immune cells. We also discuss the potential application of red-shifted indicators along with optogenetic tools to 2P-IVM. In an era of single-cell transcriptomics and data-driven research, 2P-IVM will remain a key advantage in delivering the missing spatiotemporal context in the field of cancer research.
Impact of drying on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of bignay [Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.] pomace
Authors: Zubia Claire S. , Babaran Gilda Melanie O. , Duque Sheba Mae M. , Mopera Lotis E. , Flandez Lloyd Earl L. , Castillo-Israel Katherine Ann T. , Reginio Florencio C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBignay pomace is a processing byproduct that can be a source of bioactive compounds. However, a suitable dehydration method should be considered to efficiently valorize this waste material into high-value food ingredient and maximize its health-promoting properties. Bignay pomace was subjected to convection oven-drying and freeze-drying to investigate the effect of these pre-processing techniques on the physicochemical, bioactives, and antioxidant properties of the samples. Both drying methods significantly (p<0.05) changed the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents of bignay pomace while flavonoids and tannins were not significantly affected. Freeze-drying of samples resulted in higher phenolic content (1742 vs. 1273 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g DW) and anthocyanin content (496 vs. 223 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent/100 g DW) than convection oven-drying. Freeze-drying also resulted in higher antioxidant properties based on DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP assays. Bignay pomace extract was analyzed through HPLC (with photo-diode array detector) for its phenolic profile and nine compounds were identified, with catechin and epicatechin as the dominant components. HPLC analysis also showed that while the drying process does not influence the phenolic profile of the samples, it significantly affected the concentration of phenolic compounds present. The results of this study showed that freeze-drying is a more viable method to retain the majority of bignay pomace’s functional properties compared to convection oven-drying.
Graphical Abstract
Comparative study of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication versus Hill-Snow procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gad Mostafa Ahmed , Qinawy Mohamad Mahmoud , Abdelazim Osama , Kaddah Sherif Nabhan , Elbarbary Mohamed Magdy , Elfiky Mahmoud Asem 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition in children. Complete fundoplication provides better reflux control but it results in more dysphagia and gas-bloat symptoms. Antireflux surgery without wrap has fewer adverse effects but a higher failure rate in controlling reflux. Until now, there is little evidence as to whether complete or partial fundoplication is the optimal procedure in this age group.

Objective
This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication versus Hill-Snow procedure among children with GERD.

Methods
We conducted a randomized, single-blinded, comparative trial that included 40 children with a diagnosis of GERD, who were scheduled to undergo surgery. Children were randomly allocated to undergo laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication or Hill-Snow procedure.

Results
While the incidence of postoperative dysphagia was similar between both groups, the duration of dysphagia was significantly shorter in the Hill-Snow group. Likewise, the incidence of bloating was significantly lower in the Hill-Snow group than the Nissen group (0% versus 55%, respectively). We found three recurrent Hill-Snow cases versus two recurrent Nissen cases. The operative time was significantly longer in the Hill-Snow procedure (150 ± 52 min) than in the Nissen group (120 ± 48 min).

Conclusions
The Hill-Snow procedure is an effective alternative to Nissen fundoplication with no bloating and much less dysphagia, leading to faster recovery of ordinary eating patterns.
Investigating the association between schizophrenia and distance visual acuity: Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Shoham Natalie , Dunca Diana , Cooper Claudia , Hayes Joseph F. , McQuillin Andrew , Bass Nick , Lewis Gemma , Kuchenbaecker Karoline 
Published: February 2023

Background
Increased rates of visual impairment are observed in people with schizophrenia.

Aims
We assessed whether genetically predicted poor distance acuity is causally associated with schizophrenia, and whether genetically predicted schizophrenia is causally associated with poorer visual acuity.

Method
We used bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomisation to assess the effect of poor distance acuity on schizophrenia risk, poorer visual acuity on schizophrenia risk and schizophrenia on visual acuity, in European and East Asian ancestry samples ranging from approximately 14 000 to 500 000 participants. Genetic instrumental variables were obtained from the largest available summary statistics: for schizophrenia, from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium; for visual acuity, from the UK Biobank; and for poor distance acuity, from a meta-analysis of case–control samples. We used the inverse variance-weighted method and sensitivity analyses to test validity of results.

Results
We found little evidence that poor distance acuity was causally associated with schizophrenia (odds ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.91–1.10). Genetically predicted schizophrenia was associated with poorer visual acuity (mean difference in logMAR score: 0.024, 95% CI 0.014–0.033) in European ancestry samples, with a similar but less precise effect that in smaller East Asian ancestry samples (mean difference: 0.186, 95% CI –0.008 to 0.379).

Conclusions
Genetic evidence supports schizophrenia being a causal risk factor for poorer visual acuity, but not the converse. This highlights the importance of visual care for people with psychosis and refutes previous hypotheses that visual impairment is a potential target for prevention of schizophrenia.
The potential unintended consequences of Mental Health Act reforms in England and Wales on people with intellectual disability and/or autism
Authors: Tromans Samuel , Bhui Kamaldeep , Sawhney Indermeet , Odiyoor Mahesh , Courtenay Ken , Roy Ashok , Boer Harm , Alexander Regi , Biswas Asit , McCarthy Jane , Gulati Gautam , Laugharne Richard , Shankar Rohit 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe draft Mental Health Bill, which amends the Mental Health Act 1983 for England and Wales, proposes protections for people with intellectual disability and/or autism (ID/A) to prevent detention in hospital in the absence of mental illness. This editorial critically appraises the positive impact and unintended consequences of the proposed reforms for people with ID/A.
Many-body localization in the random-field Heisenberg chain with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Authors: Cao Ye , Wu Ning 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a random magnetic field using exact diagonalization. In order to obtain many-body mobility edge at infinite temperature, we employ a polynomial filtered Lanczos method that can avoid the fill-in problem when implementing the commonly used shift-and-invert transformation. In stark contrast to the original Heisenberg model, although the localized phase always conforms to Poisson statistics, the ergodic phase exhibits the Gaussian unitary ensemble rather than the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble statistics due to the lack of complex conjugation symmetry. The boundary between the ergodic and localized phases is determined by carefully performing finite-size scalings for the level statistics, entanglement entropy and its standard deviation, as well as fluctuations of the total spin of the system. The two phases are also well distinguished by the full delocalization or localization in the Hilbert space wherein the participation entropies present. To indicate the localized phase in experiment, we propose a scheme for realizing the out-of-time-order correlator on a modern nuclear magnetic resonance quantum simulator.
ChatGPT - Reshaping medical education and clinical management
Authors: Khan Rehan Ahmed , Jawaid Masood , Khan Aymen Rehan , Sajjad Madiha 
Published: February 2023

Artificial Intelligence is no more the talk of the fiction read in novels or seen in movies. It has been making inroads slowly and gradually in medical education and clinical management of patients apart from all other walks of life. Recently, chatbots particularly ChatGPT, were developed and trained, using a huge amount of textual data from the internet. This has made a significant impact on our approach in medical science. Though there are benefits of this new technology, a lot of caution is required for its use.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7653
How to cite this: Khan RA, Jawaid M, Khan AR, Sajjad M. ChatGPT - Reshaping medical education and clinical management. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7653
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of feed enriched by products formulated from coconut water, palm sap sugar, and mushroom on the chemical composition of feed and carcass, growth performance, body indices, and gut micromorphology of giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy (Lacepède, 1801), juveniles
Authors: Azrita Azrita , Syandri Hafrijal , Aryani Netti , Mardiah Ainul 
Published: February 2023

Background: Giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy (Lacepède, 1801) is the most important freshwater fish species produced by aquaculture in Indonesia. This study seeks to determine the effects of various newly formulated products on the amino acid composition of the diet and whole-body carcass, and to analyse the growth coefficient, body indices, and gut micromorphology. Methods: 100 g of palm sap sugar was cooked in 1.1 litre of fresh water for fifteen minutes, to create 1 litre of 11% palm sap sugar solution (after some of it had been boiled off). 2 litres of coconut water were then mixed with the litre of palm sugar solution. 1 litre of this product was added in turn to 2 g of Aspergillus niger (CP2), 2 g of Rhizopus oligosporus (CP3), and 2 g of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CP4), while freshwater was used as a control (labeled CP1). Aquafeed was added to CP1, CP2, CP3, and CP4, to make diets labeled KP1, KP2, KP3, and KP4. The dosage was 150 ml/kg of feed. Juvenile giant gourami (initial weight 50±0.25 g and length 13.2±0.07 cm) were reared in triplicate net frames (2×1×1 m; water volume 1.5 m3) in a freshwater concrete pond with a stocking density of 30 juveniles/net. Results: The results supported our hypothesis that different product formulations have a significant effect (P < 0.05) on aquafeed nutrition and the whole-body carcass, growth coefficient, feed utilization, body indices, and gut micromorphology of giant gourami juveniles. The thermal growth coefficient strongly correlated with the daily growth coefficient (r2 = 91%). The KP3 diet contains a higher concentration of amino acids, which increased the growth coefficient, feed utilization, and carcass quality more than the other diets we tested. Conclusions: Diet KP3 contains higher total amino acids in diets and carcasses and leads to better growth for giant gourami.
Water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus and sustainable development in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Kanda Edwin Kimutai , Awandu Willis , Lusweti Elizabeth , Mukolwe Micah M. 
Published: February 2023

Water, energy and food (WEF) security are key indicators of sustainable development. Realization of sustainable development goals (SDGs) by countries is achieved through a water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus framework. Climate change is a threat to food, energy and water security in the Horn of Africa. The main aim of this review is to assess the status and prospects of WEF nexus as it relates to SDGs in the horn of Africa. The countries considered were Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Djibouti. The review indicated that the four countries have a challenge in achieving SDGs 2, 6 and 7. Djibouti had the highest (50.9) WEF index in the region followed by Ethiopia and Somalia at 47.5 and 36.8, respectively while Eritrea had the lowest WEF index of 35.8. The energy sub-index was the best performer in the region with an average index of 56 while water and food sub-indices were the worst at 36. Political instability, insecurity, inadequate infrastructure, weak institutional and legal framework are some of the challenges facing WEF and sustainable development in the region. Climate change adaptation measures should be incorporated into the water, energy, food and ecosystem (WEFE) nexus using an integrated approach. Modelling WEFE requires integration of models and should also focus on interactions among the sub-systems.
The impact of health anxiety and distrust in the healthcare system on cyberchondria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Soyler Sait , Cavmak Seyda , Cavmak Dogancan 
Published: February 2023

Background/Aims Cyberchondria is when excessive internet searches for health-related issues, a common phenomenon likely fuelled by health anxiety and distrust in healthcare systems, leads to unfounded concerns about physical health. This can prevent individuals from seeking appropriate medical advice when needed. This study explored the relationship between health anxiety, distrust in the healthcare system and cyberchondria. Methods This cross-sectional quantitative study used a questionnaire to collect data from adults living in cities in southern Turkey. A total of 484 questionnaires were sent using Google Forms and distributed via email and social media, with 386 returned. Respondents rated items on 4- and 5-point Likert scales. The data were summarised using descriptive statistics and analysed using inferential statistics and structural equation modeling. Results There were significant positive correlations between health anxiety and cyberchondria (β=0.514) and distrust in the healthcare system and cyberchondria (β=0.283). There were also weak but significant positive relationships between cyberchondria and female sex, having a chronic condition and time spent online. Conclusions Health anxiety and lack of trust for the healthcare system can lead to increased rates of cyberchondria. Effective public health communication strategies are needed to reduce these effects by building trust in the healthcare system and alleviating health anxiety.