bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern Projection Calibrations on Subseasonal Forecasts of Surface Air Temperature over East Asia
Authors: Zhu Shoupeng , Zhang Ling , Jiang Hangdong , Lyu Yang , Fan Yi , Guo Zhun , Zhi Xiefei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Subseasonal forecasts have recently attracted widespread interest yet remain a challenging issue. A statistical Kalman filter pattern projection method (KFPPM), which absorbs the projection conception of the raw covariance pattern projection (COVPPM) and the adaptive adjustments of the Kalman filter, is proposed to calibrate the single-model forecasts of the daily maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin) for lead times of 8–42 days over East Asia in 2018 derived from the UKMO control (CTL) forecast. The Kalman filter–based gridly calibration (KFGC) is carried out in parallel as a benchmark, which could improve the forecast skills to a certain extent. The COVPPM effectively calibrates the temperature forecasts at the early stage and displays better performances than the CTL and KFGC. However, with the growing lead times, it shows speedily decreasing skills and can no longer produce positive adjustments over the areas outside the plateaus. By contrast, the KFPPM consistently outperforms the other calibrations and reduces the forecast errors by almost 1.0° and 0.5°C for Tmax and Tmin, respectively, both retaining superiorities to the random climatology benchmark till the lead time of 24 days. The optimization of KFPPM maintains throughout the whole range of the subseasonal time scale, showing the most conspicuous improvements distributed over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings. Though the postprocessing procedures are more skillful in calibrating Tmax forecasts than Tmin forecasts, the Tmax forecasts are still characterized by lower skills than the latter. Case experiments further demonstrate the abovementioned features and imply the potential capability of KFPPM in improving forecast skills and disaster preventions for extreme temperature events.
Patients’ Trust in Health Care Providers Among Hospitalized Patients, Jimma, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Tegenu Lemma Kenenisa , Tilahun Beyene Desalew , Mekoya Jemaneh Tsiyon , Melkamu Andualem Eneyew , Atomsa Hunde Gemechu 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Trust is a fundamental aspect of the patient–health care provider (HCP) relationship associated with adherence to medical treatment and continuity of follow-up. Despite its importance there is a paucity of information in Ethiopia. Objectives This study aimed to assess patient trust in HCPs at the Jimma medical center (JMC), Ethiopia. Methods An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 participants from April 16 to June 29, 2020. Study participants were selected using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, health related and clinical characteristics, and patient trust in the patient–HCP. The collected data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 23.0 for analysis. Variables with a p-value <.25 on bivariate analysis were considered as candidates for multivariate analyses. Statistical significance on multivariable analysis was declared with p-value < .05 and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results In our study, 38% of patients had low trust. Among the 397 study participants, 46.6% were female. One-third (33.2%) of respondents had no formal education. Patients who live alone [(AOR) 4.30(1.98–9.33), p = .00], and self-reported as a poor current health status [(AOR) 2.32(1.39–3.88), p = .002] were positively associated to patient trust in patient–HCP. On the other hand, duration of disease more than one year after diagnosis [(AOR) 0.48 (0.25–0.92), p = .028], comorbid disease [(AOR) 0.39(0.22−0.67), p = .001], and impaired physical mobility [(AOR) 0.27(0.16−0.45), p = .001] were negatively associated with patient trust in HCP. Conclusion This study pinpoints that 38 out of 100 patients had low trust. Living alone and having poor self-reported current health status increased low trust. This calls for HCPs to rebuild trust and give due attention to patients living alone and with poor health status.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of juniper branches infected by Gymnosporangium spp. highlights their different infection strategies associated with cytokinins
Authors: Shao Chenxi , Tao Siqi , Liang Yingmei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundGymnosporangium asiaticumandG. yamadaecan shareJuniperus chinensisas the telial host, but the symptoms are completely different. The infection ofG. yamadaecauses the enlargement of the phloem and cortex of young branches as a gall, but not forG. asiaticum, suggesting that different molecular interaction mechanisms exist the twoGymnosporangiumspecies with junipers.ResultsComparative transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate genes regulation of juniper in responses to the infections ofG. asiaticumandG. yamadaeat different stages. Functional enrichment analysis showed that genes related to transport, catabolism and transcription pathways were up-regulated, while genes related to energy metabolism and photosynthesis were down-regulated in juniper branch tissues after infection withG. asiaticumandG. yamadae. The transcript profiling ofG. yamadae-induced gall tissues revealed that more genes involved in photosynthesis, sugar metabolism, plant hormones and defense-related pathways were up-regulated in the vigorous development stage of gall compared to the initial stage, and were eventually repressed overall. Furthermore, the concentration of cytokinins (CKs) in the galls tissue and the telia ofG. yamadaewas significantly higher than in healthy branch tissues of juniper. As well, tRNA-isopentenyltransferase (tRNA-IPT) was identified inG. yamadaewith highly expression levels during the gall development stages.ConclusionsIn general, our study provided new insights into the host-specific mechanisms by whichG. asiaticumandG. yamadaedifferentially utilize CKs and specific adaptations on juniper during their co-evolution.
Combining GS-assisted GWAS and transcriptome analysis to mine candidate genes for nitrogen utilization efficiency in Populus cathayana
Authors: Zhou Xinglu , Xiang Xiaodong , Zhang Min , Cao Demei , Du Changjian , Zhang Lei , Hu Jianjun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Forest trees such as poplar, shrub willow, et al. are essential natural resources for sustainable and renewable energy production, and their wood can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce environmental pollution. However, the productivity of forest trees is often limited by the availability of nitrogen (N), improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is an important way to address it. Currently, NUE genetic resources are scarce in forest tree research, and more genetic resources are urgently needed.

Results
Here, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using the mixed linear model (MLM) to identify genetic loci regulating growth traits in Populus cathayana at two N levels, and attempted to enhance the signal strength of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection by performing genome selection (GS) assistance GWAS. The results of the two GWAS analyses identified 55 and 40 SNPs that were respectively associated with plant height (PH) and ground diameter (GD), and 92 and 69 candidate genes, including 30 overlapping genes. The prediction accuracy of the GS model (rrBLUP) for phenotype exceeds 0.9. Transcriptome analysis of 13 genotypes under two N levels showed that genes related to carbon and N metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and signal transduction were differentially expressed in the xylem of P. cathayana under N treatment. Furthermore, we observed strong regional patterns in gene expression levels of P. cathayana, with significant differences between different regions. Among them, P. cathayana in Longquan region exhibited the highest response to N. Finally, through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified a module closely related to the N metabolic process and eight hub genes.

Conclusions
Integrating the GWAS, RNA-seq and WGCNA data, we ultimately identified four key regulatory genes (PtrNAC123, PtrNAC025, Potri.002G233100, and Potri.006G236200) involved in the wood formation process, and they may affect P. cathayana growth and wood formation by regulating nitrogen metabolism. This study will provide strong evidence for N regulation mechanisms, and reliable genetic resources for growth and NUE genetic improvement in poplar.
Inpatient rehabilitation therapy in stroke patients with reperfusion therapy: a national prospective registry study
Authors: Li Shengde , Lu Yixiu , Fang Shiyuan , Wang Longde , Peng Bin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the rate of real-world inpatient rehabilitation therapy (IRT) after stroke. We aimed to determine the rate of inpatient rehabilitation therapy and its associated factors in patients who undergo reperfusion therapy in China.

Methods
This national prospective registry study included hospitalized ischemic stroke patients aged 14–99 years with reperfusion therapy between January 1, 2019, and June 30, 2020, collecting hospital-level and patient-level demographic and clinical data. IRT included acupuncture or massage, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and others. The primary outcome was the rate of patients receiving IRT.

Results
We included 209,189 eligible patients from 2191 hospitals. The median age was 66 years, and 64.2% were men. Four in five patients received only thrombolysis, and the rest 19.2% underwent endovascular therapy. The overall rate of IRT was 58.2% (95% CI, 58.0–58.5%). Differences in demographic and clinical variables existed between patients with and without IRT. The rates of acupuncture or massage, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and other rehabilitation interventions were 38.0%, 28.8%, 11.8%, 14.4%, and 22.9%, respectively. The rates of single and multimodal interventions were 28.3% and 30.0%, respectively. A lower likelihood of receiving IRT was associated with being 14–50 or 76–99 years old, female, from Northeast China, from Class-C hospitals, receiving only thrombolysis, having severe stroke or severe deterioration, a short length of stay, Covid-19 pandemic and having intracranial or gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Conclusion
Among our patient population, the IRT rate was low with limited use of physical therapy, multimodal interventions, and rehabilitation centers and varied by demographic and clinical features. The implementation of IRT remains a challenge for stroke care, warranting urgent and effective national programs to enhance post-stroke rehabilitation and the adherence to guidelines.
Barriers and facilitators for referring women with positive perinatal depression screening results in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Xue Wenqing , Cheng K K , Liu Lu , Li Qiao , Jin Xin , Yi Jingmin , Gong Wenjie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Timely screening and referral can improve the outcomes of perinatal depression (PND). However, uptake rates of referral after PND screening are low in China and the reasons are unclear. The aim of this article is to explore the barriers and facilitators for referring women with positive results of PND screening in the Chinese primary maternal health care system.

Methods
Qualitative data were collected from four primary health centers located in four different provinces of China. Each of the four investigators conducted 30 days of participant observations in the primary health centers from May to August 2020. Data were collected via participant observations and semi-structured in-depth interviews with new mothers who had positive results of PND screening, their family members, and primary health providers. Two investigators analyzed qualitative data independently. A thematic analysis was conducted, and data were framed using the social ecological model.

Results
A total of 870 hours of observation and 46 interviews were carried out. Five themes were identified: individual (new mothers’ knowledge of PND, perceived need to seek help), interpersonal (new mothers’ attitudes towards providers, family support), institutional (providers’ perception of PND, lack of training, time constraints), community (accessibility to mental health services, practical factors), and public policy (policy requirements, stigma).

Conclusions
The likelihood of new mothers accepting PND referral is related to factors in five areas. Intervention strategies can be developed around these themes and may include educating new mothers and their families about PND, training primary health providers to improve their awareness of condition and indication for referral, building mental health support in routine postpartum home visits, and providing support through mobile technology.
Analyzing the demographics of patients with uveitis in an indigent, urban population
Authors: Tipton Caroline W. , Reilly Grace R. , Chen Kevin , Chang Eileen , Ackert Jessica M. , Liberman Paulina , Berkenstock Meghan K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To study the types of uveitis examined in a hospital serving indigent populations in need of low-cost care.

Methods
A retrospective chart review examined the electronic medical records of all patients with uveitis-related at Drexel Eye Physicians. Data collected included demographics, anatomic location of the uveitis, systemic disease associations, treatment modalities and insurance. Statistical analysis was performed using χ² or Fischer exact tests.

Results
270 patients (366 eyes) were included for analysis, 67% of patients identified as African American. Most eyes (95.3%, N = 349) were treated with topical corticosteroid drops, and only 6 (1.6%) received an intravitreal implant. Immunosuppressive medications were started in 24 patients (8.9%). Nearly 80% depended to some extent on Medicare or Medicaid Assistance for treatment coverage. There was no association between insurance type and use of biologics or difluprednate.

Conclusion
We found no association between insurance type and the prescription of medications for uveitis that should be used at home. There was a minimal number of patients prescribed medications for implantation in the office. The adherence of use of medications at home should be investigated.
Assessment of dental caries among a group of institutionalized orphan children compared to parented school children: case–control study
Authors: Khattab Nagwa Mohamed Ali , Abd-Elsabour Mennat Allah Ashraf 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
It has been well documented that the absence of family support influences the general and oral health of children. Literature regarding the oral health status of institutionalized orphan children, who lost their families' support, especially in Egypt, remains vague. Therefore, the current study was carried out to assess dental caries among two groups of institutionalized orphan children, and compare their results with a group of parented school children in Giza, Egypt.

Methods
A total of 156 children were included in this study, residing in a non-governmental orphanage, a governmental orphanage, and parented children attending private primary school. Written informed consent was obtained before the start of the study from the legal guardians or the child's parent. The dental examination was carried out as recommended by the WHO. DMF and def indices were used to assess dental caries for primary and permanent teeth. Also, the unmet treatment needs index, care index, and significant caries index were calculated.

Results
The results revealed that mean values for DMF total score were 1.86 ± 2.96, 1.80 ± 2.54, and 0.7 5 ± 1.29 for, non-governmental, governmental orphanages, and school children respectively. While the mean def total scores were 1.69 ± 2.58, 0.41 ± 0.89, and 0.85 ± 1.79 for non-governmental, governmental orphanages, and school children, respectively. There was a high level of unmet treatment needs, especially among orphans. The significant caries index was 2.5, 4.29, and 2.17 for, non-governmental, governmental orphanages, and school children, respectively.

Conclusions
Within the limitation of this case–control study, the institutionalized orphanage children had a high prevalence of dental caries and worse caries experience compared to parented school children. Effective oral health preventive strategies are required to improve the oral health status and oral health practices of those children.

Trial registration
The trial was registered on ClinicalTrial.gov (ID: NCT05652231).
A comparative evaluation of quality and depth of learning by trainee doctors in regional, rural, and remote locations
Authors: Young Louise , Anderson Emily , Gurney Tiana , McArthur Lawrie , McGrail Matthew , O’Sullivan Belinda , Hollins Aaron 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
An equitable supply and distribution of medical practitioners for all the population is an important issue, especially in Australia where 28% of the population live in rural and remote areas. Research identified that training in rural/remote locations is a predictor for the uptake of rural practice, but training must provide comparable learning and clinical experiences, irrespective of location. Evidence shows GPs in rural and remote areas are more likely to be engaged in complex care. However, the quality of GP registrar education has not been systematically evaluated. This timely study evaluates GP registrar learning and clinical training experiences in regional, rural, and remote locations in Australia using assessment items and independent evaluation.

Methods
The research team retrospectively analysed GP trainee formative clinical assessment reports compiled by experienced medical educators during real-time patient consultations. Written reports were assessed using Bloom’s taxonomy classified into low and high cognitive level thinking. Regional, rural, and remotely located trainees were compared using Pearson chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test (for 2 × 2 comparisons) to calculate associations between categorical proportions of learning setting and ‘complexity’.

Results
1650 reports (57% regional, 15% rural and 29% remote) were analysed, revealing a statistically significant association between learner setting and complexity of clinical reasoning. Remote trainees were required to use a high level of clinical reasoning in managing a higher proportion of their patient visits. Remotely trained GPs managed significantly more cases with high clinical complexity and saw a higher proportion of chronic and complex cases and fewer simple cases.

Conclusions
This retrospective study showed GP trainees in all locations experienced comparable learning experiences and depth of training. However, learning in rural and remote locations had equal or more opportunities for seeing higher complexity patients and the necessity to apply greater levels of clinical reasoning to manage each case. This evidence supports learning in rural and remote locations is of a similar standard of learning as for regional trainees and in several areas required a superior level of thinking. Training needs to seriously consider utilising rural and remote clinical placements as exceptional locations for developing and honing medical expertise.
Entrepreneurship challenges: the case of Jordanian start-ups
Authors: Alawamleh Mohammad , Francis Yara Hanna , Alawamleh Kamal Jamal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study investigates challenges facing entrepreneurs in Jordan, identifies some of problems specific to SMEs, and offers some solutions to help these companies improve their conditions. This study collected primary data through interviews with entrepreneurs in four start-up companies specialized in diverse fields, including information technology, consulting, training, and e-marketing. This study found many obstacles facing entrepreneurs in Jordan, the most important of which are financial and logistical support, the challenge of distributing work, owning operating experiences, obtaining information, commercial relations, and networking. The results of this study showed that women face greater challenges in relation to financing and investment opportunities. Finally, this study proposes some solutions which expected to be applied to improve the business environment, the most important of which is that the Jordanian Ministry of Digital Economy and Entrepreneurship should activate pilot projects and stimulate investment in them, facilitating the development and deployment of technical knowledge in private sector development.
Efficacy and safety of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with history of cancer
Authors: Ganatra Sarju , Abraham Sonu , Kumar Ashish , Parikh Rohan , Patel Rushin , Khadke Sumanth , Kumar Amudha , Liu Victor , Diaz Andrea Nathalie Rosas , Neilan Tomas G. , Martin David , Hook Bruce , Dani Sourbha S. , Asnani Aarti , Nohria Anju 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Though the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is increased in patients with cancer, the effectiveness of catheter ablation (CA) for AF in patients with cancer is not well studied.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent CA for AF. Patients with a history of cancer within 5-years prior to, or those with an exposure to anthracyclines and/or thoracic radiation at any time prior to the index ablation were compared to patients without a history of cancer who underwent AF ablation. The primary outcome was freedom from AF [with or without anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs), or need for repeat CA at 12-months post-ablation]. Secondary endpoints included freedom from AF at 12 months post-ablation with AADs and without AADs. Safety endpoints included bleeding, pulmonary vein stenosis, stroke, and cardiac tamponade. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk predictors of the primary outcome.

Results
Among 502 patients included in the study, 251 (50%) had a history of cancer. Freedom from AF at 12 months did not differ between patients with and without cancer (83.3% vs 72.5%, p 0.28). The need for repeat ablation was also similar between groups (20.7% vs 27.5%, p 0.29). Multivariable regression analysis did not identify a history of cancer or cancer-related therapy as independent predictors of recurrent AF after ablation. There was no difference in safety endpoints between groups.

Conclusion
CA is a safe and effective treatment for AF in patients with a history of cancer and those with exposure to potentially cardiotoxic therapy.
Chasing the Zebra: a case of membranous-like Glomerulopathy with SSA/RO52 deposits and no overt connective tissue disease
Authors: Sciascia Savino , Miraglia Paolo , Radin Massimo , Giarin Manuela , Charbonier Nicolas , Barreca Antonella , Cecchi Irene , Lanzetta Irene , Fenoglio Roberta , Menegatti Elisa , Roccatello Dario 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The nature of the deposits in immune-mediated glomerulonephritis with a membranous pattern and masked IgG-Kappa deposits (MGMID) remains still to be elucidated.

Case presentation
We present a case of 33-year-old woman developing a continuous asymptomatic proteinuria (0.8–1 g/24 h) with no overt connective tissue diseases. She tested positive at high titers for SSA antibodies (Ro52 838 UI/mL, Ro60 2716 UI/mL) and at the kidney biopsy histological findings were compatible with an immune-mediated glomerulonephritis with a membranous pattern and masked IgG-Kappa deposits. Also, we demonstrated a positive immunohistochemistry staining for anti-Ro52-SSA antibodies, with a granular positivity in mesangium and along rare glomerular capillaries. To date, only one case of a patient with overt diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome with MGMID has been described but a pathogenic role for SSA and SSB antibodies has never been proven.

Conclusions
In this case, we described for the first time by immunohistochemistry a Ro52+ granular positivity in the mesangium and glomerular capillaries, potentially paving the way for a better understanding of MGMID.