bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A diversity of diversities: do complex environmental effects underpin associations between below- and aboveground taxa?
Authors: Seaton Fiona M. , George Paul B. L. , Alison Jamie , Jones Davey L. , Creer Simon , Smart Simon M. , Emmett Bridget , Robinson David A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo predict how biodiversity will respond to global change, it is crucial to understand the relative roles of abiotic drivers and biotic interactions in driving associations between the biodiversity of disparate taxa. It is particularly challenging to understand diversity-diversity links across domains and habitats, because data are rarely available for multiple above- and below-ground taxa across multiple sites.Here we analyse data from a unique biodiversity dataset gathered across a variety of oceanic temperate terrestrial habitats in Wales, comprising 300 sites with co-located soil microbial, plant, bird, and pollinator surveys along with climate and soil physicochemical information. Soil groups are analysed using metabarcoding of the 16S, ITS1 and 18S DNA regions, allowing in depth characterisation of microbial and soil animal biodiversity.We explore biodiversity relationships along three aspects of community composition: First, we assess correlation between the alpha diversity of different groups. Second, we assess whether biotic turnover between sites is correlated across different groups. Finally, we investigate the co-occurrence of individual taxa across sites. In each analysis, we assess the contribution of linear or non-linear environmental effects.We find that a positive correlation between alpha diversity of plants, soil bacteria, soil fungi, soil heterotrophic protists, bees and butterflies is in fact driven by complex non-linear responses to abiotic drivers. In contrast, environmental variation did not account for positive associations between the diversity of plants and both birds and AM fungi, suggesting a role for biotic interactions.Both the diversity and taxon-level associations between the differing soil groups remained even after accounting for non-linear environmental gradients. Aboveground, spatial factors played larger roles in driving biotic communities, while linear environmental gradients were sufficient to explain many group- and taxon-level relationships.Synthesis.Our results show how non-linear responses to environmental gradients drive many of the relationships between plant biodiversity and the biodiversity of above- and belowground biological communities. Our work shows how different aspects of biodiversity might respond non-linearly to changing environments and identifies cases where management-induced changes in one community could either influence other taxa or lead to loss of apparent biological associations.
Understanding early reproductive failure in turtles and tortoises
Authors: Lavigne Alessia M , Bullock Robert , Shah Nirmal Jivan , Tagg Chris , Zora Anna , Hemmings Nicola 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTurtles and tortoises (Order Testudines) are facing an extinction crisis, and ecosystems are at risk of collapsing with the loss of key roles they play. Hatching failure is a crucial barrier to population growth and persistence, but its causes are poorly understood, and it is unknown whether fertilisation rates are declining as many populations become smaller and more female-biased. Here, we first show that fertilisation rates are considered in only a very small proportion of studies of turtle and tortoise hatching success, and those studies that do attempt to measure fertilisation rates use unreliable methods. We also show that studies of hatching success are biased towards marine turtles, as opposed to freshwater and terrestrial species, and wild rather than captive populations. We address the lack of reliable methods for assessing fertilisation rates in turtles and tortoises by developing and testing a microscopy-based method for detecting perivitelline membrane (PVM) bound sperm and embryonic nuclei in the germinal disc of unhatched eggs. We demonstrate that this method can provide unequivocal evidence of egg fertilisation in three different turtle and tortoise species from both captive and wild populations, even after eggs have been left in the nest for the full incubation period. This approach therefore represents a valuable new tool for monitoring egg fertility and embryo survival rates in turtles and tortoises, with the potential to provide important insights into the underlying drivers of reproductive failure in threatened populations.
Analysis of RNA Exosome Subunit Transcript Abundance Across Tissues: Implications for Neurological Disease Pathogenesis
Authors: de Amorim Julia L. , Asafu-Adjaye Don , Corbett Anita H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExosomopathies are a collection of rare diseases caused by mutations in genes that encode structural subunits of a ribonuclease complex termed the RNA exosome. The RNA exosome mediates both RNA processing and degradation of multiple classes of RNA. This complex is evolutionarily conserved and required for fundamental cellular functions, including rRNA processing. Recently, missense mutations in genes encoding structural subunits of the RNA exosome complex have been linked to a variety of distinct neurological diseases, many of them childhood neuronopathies with at least some cerebellar atrophy. Understanding how these missense mutations lead to the disparate clinical presentations that have been reported for this class of diseases necessitates investigation of how these specific changes alter cell-specific RNA exosome function. Although the RNA exosome complex is routinely referred to as ubiquitously expressed, little is known about the tissue- or cell-specific expression of the RNA exosome complex or any individual subunit. Here, we leverage publicly available RNA-sequencing data to analyze RNA exosome subunit transcript levels in healthy human tissues, focusing on those tissues that are impacted in exosomopathy patients described in clinical reports. This analysis provides evidence to support the characterization of the RNA exosome as ubiquitously expressed with transcript levels for the individual subunits that vary in different tissues. However, the cerebellar hemisphere and cerebellum have high levels of nearly all RNA exosome subunit transcripts. These findings could suggest that the cerebellum has a high requirement for RNA exosome function and potentially explain why cerebellar pathology is common in RNA exosomopathies.
Quantifying turgor pressure in budding and fission yeasts based upon osmotic properties
Authors: Lemière Joël , Chang Fred 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWalled cells, such as plants, fungi, and bacteria cells, possess a high internal hydrostatic pressure, termed turgor pressure, that drives volume growth and contributes to cell shape determination. Rigorous measurement of turgor pressure, however, remains challenging, and reliable quantitative measurements, even in budding yeast are still lacking. Here, we present a simple and robust experimental approach to access turgor pressure in yeasts based upon the determination of isotonic concentration using protoplasts as osmometers. We propose three methods to identify the isotonic condition – 3D cell volume, cytoplasmic fluorophore intensity, and mobility of a cytGEMs nano-rheology probe – that all yield consistent values. Our results provide turgor pressure estimates of 1.0 ± 0.1 MPa forS. pombe, 0.49 ± 0.01 MPa forS. japonicus, 0.5 ± 0.1 MPa forS. cerevisiae W303aand 0.31 ± 0.03 MPa forS. cerevisiae BY4741. Large differences in turgor pressure and nano-rheology measurements between theS. cerevisiaestrains demonstrate how fundamental biophysical parameters can vary even among wildtype strains of the same species. These side-by-side measurements of turgor pressure in multiple yeast species provide critical values for quantitative studies on cellular mechanics and comparative evolution.
Expression and molecular regulation of key genes during adipogenesis of neural crest stem cells
Authors: Dong Bo-wen , Guan Wen-chao , Zhang Kai , Zhang Yan , Yang Yu , Zhao Yan-ping , Bai Rui , Zheng Ming-xue , Cui Xiao-zhen 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTNeural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the “fourth germ layer”. Similar to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), NCSCs can differentiate into a variety of cell types, such as adipocytes. However, the mechanism of NCSCs adipogenesis remains unclear. Previously, we have revealed that primary cells have neural crest and stem cell properties and can differentiate into adipocytes. Therefore, in this study, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of NCSCs at specific time points of adipogenesis were predicted by mRNA sequencing, the key genes of adipogenesis were predicted by principal component analysis, heat map, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, and the expression of DEGs was verified by RT-qPCR. RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to inhibit the expression of DEGs, and RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to explore the regulatory mechanism between DEGs. Sequencing results indicated a possible regulatory relationship between C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ and PPARγ. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with those of mRNA sequencing. Combined with RT-qPCR and western blot results, we found that C/EBPβ and PPARγ regulated the transcription of C/EBPα during NCSCs adipogenesis, and C/EBPβ and PPARγ formed positive feedback loop.
A comprehensive study of light quality acclimation inSynechocystissp. PCC 6803
Authors: Zavřel Tomáš , Segečová Anna , Kovács László , Lukeš Martin , Novák Zoltán , Pohland Anne-Christin , Szabó Milán , Somogyi Boglárka , Prášil Ondřej , Červený Jan , Bernát Gábor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCyanobacteria play a key role in primary production in both oceans and fresh waters and hold great potential for sustainable production of a large number of commodities. During their life, cyanobacteria cells need to acclimate to a multitude of challenges, including shifts in intensity and quality of incident light. Despite our increasing understanding of metabolic regulation under various light regimes, detailed insight into fitness advantages and limitations under shifting light quality has been missing. Here, we study photo-physiological acclimation in the cyanobacteriumSynechocystissp. PCC 6803 through the whole range of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Using LEDs with qualitatively different narrow spectra, we describe wavelength dependence of light capture, electron transport and energy transduction to main cellular pools. In addition, we describe processes fine-tuning light capture such as state transitions and efficiency of energy transfer from phycobilisomes to photosystems. We show that growth was the most limited under blue light due to inefficient light harvesting, and that many cellular processes are tightly linked to the redox state of the PQ pool, which was the most reduced under red light. The PSI-to-PSII ratio was low under blue photons, however, it was not the main growth-limiting factor, since it was even more reduced under violet and near far-red lights, whereSynechocystisgrew faster compared to blue light. Our results provide insight into the spectral dependence of phototrophic growth and can provide the foundation for future studies of molecular mechanisms underlying light acclimation in cyanobacteria, leading to light optimization in controlled cultivations.
Unstable tilt-rotor maximum likelihood wavelet-based identification from flight test data
Authors: Lichota Piotr 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the methodology that was used to perform system identification of a dynamically unstable tilt-rotor from flight test data. The method incorporated wavelet transform into the maximum likelihood principle formulation, emphasizing both time and frequency responses. Using wavelets allowed to additionally filter noise in the data, and this increased the estimation quality. This approach did not require measurement and process noise modeling in contrast to the Kalman filter usage for parameter estimation.

Design/methodology/approach
In the study, lateral-directional stability and control derivatives of an unstable tiltrotor in hover were estimated. This was performed by applying the maximum likelihood output error method. The estimated model response was decomposed using the Mallat pyramid and matched to wavelet coefficients obtained directly from measurements. In addition, a coherence-based weighting function was used to put more emphasis on the most reliable data. For comparison, the same set of data was used to identify a model with the same structure using the maximum likelihood principle with an incorporated Kalman filter.

Findings
It was found that maximum likelihood principle and wavelet transform allowed for estimating aerodynamic coefficients of a dynamically unstable aircraft. The estimation was performed with high accuracy.

Practical implications
The designed method can be used for system identification of unstable aircraft and when additional noise is present (e.g. when noise due to turbulence was observable during the flight test or higher noise levels were present in the sensors data).

Originality/value
The paper presents verification of a wavelet-based maximum likelihood principle output error method using flight test data.
Internal factors affecting the financial performance of an organisation's business processes
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Thi Cam , Le Anh Thi Hong , Nguyen Cong Van 
Published: June 2023

PurposeAlthough there are many efforts within organisations to improve the financial performance of business processes, the results of studies on the impact of internal factors on the financial performance of business processes in an organisation are inconsistent, even contradictory. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the extent and trends of the impact of factors inside companies on the financial performance of business processes and discover lessons learned to improve the financial performance of business processes.Design/methodology/approachThis analysis was done through a quantitative study of listed companies in Vietnam. Pooled OLS regression, REM, FEM and robust regression were performed on 566 companies.FindingsThe results provide four main findings. First, firm size and operational efficiency strongly correlate with financial performance. Second, financial leverage has a negative, significant connection with financial performance. Third, net working capital has a positive and meaningful relationship with EPS and a negative association with ROE. Fourth, liquidity does not have any significant association with financial performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study only restricts the internal factors affecting the financial performance of business processes without mentioning the external factors. Furthermore, this study is limited to one emerging country and has not been compared with companies in different countries.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study may help inform users inside and outside the organisation to understand the factors that affect the financial performance of business processes. As a result, information users will focus more on aspects that can improve their financial performance to make informed decisions.Originality/valueThis study has many differences compared to previous studies. First, it focuses on the internal factors affecting the financial performance of business processes in non-financial listed companies in Vietnam, which has an emerging economy. First, it focuses on the internal factors affecting the financial performance of business processes in non-financial listed companies in Vietnam, which has an emerging economy. Second, this study analyses data in companies' financial statements for the ten years from 2012 to 2021, when the Vietnamese economy, in particular, and the world economy experienced many fluctuations due to the impact of the post-financial crisis 2007–2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Third, this study provides empirical evidence to support RBV, RDT theories and the trade-off theory of capital structure.
A close-range photogrammetric model for tracking and performance-based forecasting earthmoving operations
Authors: Saif Wahib , Alshibani Adel 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to present a highly accessible and affordable tracking model for earthmoving operations in an attempt to overcome some of the limitations of current tracking models.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed methodology involves four main processes: acquiring onsite terrestrial images, processing the images into 3D scaled cloud data, extracting volumetric measurements and crew productivity estimations from multiple point clouds using Delaunay triangulation and conducting earned value/schedule analysis and forecasting the remaining scope of work based on the estimated performance. For validation, the tracking model was compared with an observation-based tracking approach for a backfilling site. It was also used for tracking a coarse base aggregate inventory for a road construction project.

Findings
The presented model has proved to be a practical and accurate tracking approach that algorithmically estimates and forecasts all performance parameters from the captured data.

Originality/value
The proposed model is unique in extracting accurate volumetric measurements directly from multiple point clouds in a developed code using Delaunay triangulation instead of extracting them from textured models in modelling software which is neither automated nor time-effective. Furthermore, the presented model uses a self-calibration approach aiming to eliminate the pre-calibration procedure required before image capturing for each camera intended to be used. Thus, any worker onsite can directly capture the required images with an easily accessible camera (e.g. handheld camera or a smartphone) and can be sent to any processing device via e-mail, cloud-based storage or any communication application (e.g. WhatsApp).
Cyber Suraksha: a card game for smartphone security awareness
Authors: Shah Pintu , Agarwal Anuja 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The frequency and sophistication of cybercrimes are increasing. These cybercrimes are impacting government and private organizations as well as individuals. One of the countermeasures is to improve the cyber hygiene of the end-users. Serious games or game-based learning has emerged as a promising approach for implementing security education, training and awareness program. In this paper, the researchers propose a tabletop card game called Cyber Suraksha to increase threat awareness and motivate users to adopt recommended security controls for smartphone users. Cyber Suraksha provides an active learning environment for the players. This paper aims to provide the details of the design and evaluation of the game using a between-subjects design.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers have used constructive learning theory and the Fogg behaviour model (FBM) to design a tabletop card game called Cyber Suraksha. The researchers evaluated the game using a between-subjects design. The participants' responses in the control and intervention groups were collected using the risk behaviour diagnosis scale. Pearson’s Chi-Square test with a 5% significance level was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The results indicate that the game is enjoyable and fun. Cyber Suraksha game effectively motivates users to adopt the recommended security control for the targeted behaviour. The results indicate that the participants in the intervention group are 2.65 times more likely to adopt recommended behaviour. The findings of this study provide evidence for the effectiveness of hope and fear appeals in improving cybersecurity awareness.

Research limitations/implications
The generalizability of the study is limited because the sample size is small compared to the total number of smartphone users in India, and only students from computer/IT UG programs in India are used as participants in this study.

Practical implications
This study uses hope and a fear appeal to design an effective serious game. It also demonstrates using the FBM and constructive learning principles for effective serious game design. Cyber Suraksha is effective for the student group and may be tested with other age groups.

Originality/value
To the researchers' knowledge, there are no serious games for cybersecurity awareness focusing on the threats faced by smartphone users based on FBM and constructive learning theory. This research used hope along with a fear appeal to motivate smartphone users to adopt recommended security controls.
Grassroots football club stakeholders' sponsorship: the role of happiness and shared values
Authors: Hindmarsh Matthew , Ikramullah Anees , Ruiz-Alba Jose L. , López-Tenorio Pablo J. 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis research serves to determine causal configurations of corporate social responsibility (CSR) conditions that best influences grassroots football club stakeholders to meet a sponsor's goals through promotional activity.Design/methodology/approachThe research uses a case study of the Essex Alliance League, a local amateur football league in England. Firstly, semi-structured interviews were held with multiple stakeholders to understand the ecosystem of grassroots football. From here, further semi-structured interviews were held with club sponsors to identify the conditions of CSR. This allowed the research to then issue a survey from which results were analysed and discussed using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA).FindingsThe ecosystem of grassroots football is formed by a myriad of stakeholders operating at a national level, all the way to more local governance structures within which the business-club relationship exists. Sponsors identified three main conditions of CSR: shared values, self-congruity, and happiness. However, following fsQCA, two pathways were found: (1) presence of shared values, and (2) presence of happiness with the absence of self-congruity.Practical implicationsFor practitioners, adaptations can be made for clubs to attract and maintain sponsorship as businesses seek to use grassroots sport as a channel for their own CSR objectives. To attract long term sponsorship, club managers are recommended to maintain long-term relationships with business owners especially in relation to personal values, fit, and happiness. As such, the responsibility of the club to ensure its stakeholders engage in promotional activity on behalf of their sponsor will help in maximising the financial value over multiple seasons.Originality/valueWhere fertile ground for academic analysis in grassroots football is present, this research investigates CSR activity at this level of football, where most research is more concerned with professional levels of the game. Furthermore, this research reaches into the sport ecosystem through an understanding of co-created values between organisations in this exchange of shared values to meet common objectives.