bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing the reflection efficiency of the Sedaconda ACD-S by heating and cooling the anaesthetic reflector: a bench study using a test lung
Authors: Meiser Andreas , Meis Pierre Louis Fernando , O’Gara Brian , Volk Thomas , Kermad Azzeddine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

As volatile anaesthetic gases contribute to global warming, improving the efficiency of their delivery can reduce their environmental impact. This can be achieved by rebreathing from a circle system, but also by anaesthetic reflection with an open intensive care ventilator. We investigated whether the efficiency of such a reflection system could be increased by warming the reflector during inspiration and cooling it during expiration (thermocycling).

Methods
The Sedaconda-ACD-S (Sedana Medical, Danderyd, Sweden) was connected between an intensive care ventilator and a test lung. Liquid isoflurane was infused into the device at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 mL/h; ventilator settings were 500 mL tidal volume, 12 bpm, 21% oxygen. Isoflurane concentrations were measured inside the test lung after equilibration. Thermocycling was achieved by heating the breathing gas in the inspiratory hose to 37 °C via a heated humidifier without water. Breathing gas expired from the test lung was cooled to 14 °C before reaching the ACD-S. In the test lung, body temperature pressure saturated conditions prevailed. Isoflurane concentrations and reflective efficiency were compared between thermocycling and control conditions.

Results
With thermocycling higher isoflurane concentrations in the test lung were measured for all infusion rates studied. Interpolation of data showed that for achieving 0.4 (0.6) Vol% isoflurane, the infusion rate can be reduced from 1.2 to 0.7 (2.0 to 1.2) mL/h or else to 56% (58%) of control.

Conclusion
Thermocycling of the anaesthetic gas considerably increases the efficiency of the anaesthetic reflector and reduces anaesthetic consumption by almost half in a test lung model. Given that cooling can be miniaturized, this method carries a potential for further saving anaesthetics in clinical practice in the operating theatre as well as for inhaled sedation in the ICU.
Mixed-integer programming techniques for the minimum sum-of-squares clustering problem
Authors: Burgard Jan Pablo , Moreira Costa Carina , Hojny Christopher , Kleinert Thomas , Schmidt Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe minimum sum-of-squares clustering problem is a very important problem in data mining and machine learning with very many applications in, e.g., medicine or social sciences. However, it is known to be NP-hard in all relevant cases and to be notoriously hard to be solved to global optimality in practice. In this paper, we develop and test different tailored mixed-integer programming techniques to improve the performance of state-of-the-art MINLP solvers when applied to the problem—among them are cutting planes, propagation techniques, branching rules, or primal heuristics. Our extensive numerical study shows that our techniques significantly improve the performance of the open-source MINLP solver . Consequently, using our novel techniques, we can solve many instances that are not solvable with without our techniques and we obtain much smaller gaps for those instances that can still not be solved to global optimality.
Kidney transplant access for children and young adults with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract
Authors: Wei Jenny , Showen Amy , Bicki Alexandra , Lin Feng , McCulloch Charles E. , Ku Elaine , Hampson Lindsay A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Although congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are among the leading causes of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children and young adults, kidney transplantation access for this population has not been well studied in the US. We compared transplantation access in the US based on whether the etiology of kidney disease was secondary to CAKUT, and additionally by CAKUT subgroups (anatomic vs. inherited causes of CAKUT).

Methods
Using the United States Renal Data System, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 80,531 children and young adults who started dialysis between 1995 and 2015. We used adjusted Cox models to examine the association between etiology of kidney disease (CAKUT vs. non-CAKUT, anatomic vs. inherited) and receipt of kidney transplantation, and secondarily, receipt of a living vs. deceased donor kidney transplant.

Results
Overall, we found an increased likelihood of kidney transplantation access for participants with CAKUT compared to those without CAKUT (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.20–1.27). Among the subset of individuals with CAKUT as the attributed cause of ESKD, we found a lower likelihood of kidney transplantation in those with anatomic causes of CAKUT compared to those with inherited causes of CAKUT (adjusted HR 0.85; 0.81–0.90).

Conclusion
There are notable disparities in kidney transplantation rates among CAKUT subgroups. Those with anatomic causes of CAKUT started on dialysis have significantly reduced access to kidney transplantations compared to individuals with inherited causes of CAKUT who were initiated on dialysis. Further studies are needed to understand barriers to transplantation access in this population.
Reflections on the popularity of the circular bioeconomy concept: the ontological crisis of sustainability science
Authors: Giampietro Mario 
Published: January 2023

AbstractI argue that the popularity of the circular bioeconomy concept in policy-making is symptomatic of a profound crisis in sustainability science, which is generated by the adoption of an obsolete scientific paradigm, i.e., obsolete ontologies used to describe our interaction with the external world. The result is a systemic lack of quality control on the science–policy interface. The growing awareness of a pending collapse of our life support systems and the rapidly changing world order would require society to rediscuss its identity. However, current mechanisms of control of the quality of the scientific input used for governance do not allow us to do so. The problem is how to detect and change obsolete scientific paradigms referring to sustainability science. I conclude that a swift move to a new scientific paradigm would require a more reflexive science and a more reflexive society.
Unpacking dynamics of diverse nested resource systems through a diagnostic approach
Authors: Unnikrishnan Hita , Katharina Gerullis Maria , Cox Michael , Nagendra Harini 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe social–ecological systems (SES) framework (Ostrom 2009, Science. 325(5939):419–22) typologically decomposes SES characteristics into nested, tiered constituent variables. Yet, aligning the framework’s concepts of resource system (RS) and resource unit (RU) with realities of individual case studies poses challenges if the underlying SES is not a single RS, but a mid to large-scale nested RS (NRS). Using a diagnostic approach, we describe NRSs—and the activities and networks of adjacent action situations (NAAS) containing them. An NRS includes the larger RS and multiple interlinked semi-autonomous subsidiary RSs, each of which support simultaneous, differently managed appropriation of individual RUs. We further identify NAASs operating within NRSs in two diverse empirical cases—networks of lake systems in Bengaluru, India and German wheat breeding systems—representing a lever towards understanding transformation of SESs into sustainable futures. This paper contributes towards unpacking and diagnosing complexities within mid to large-scale RSs and their governance. It provides a generalizable, rigorous approach to SES case study analyses, thereby advancing methods for synthesis in sustainability science.
Key research challenges to supporting farm transitions to agroecology in advanced economies. A review
Authors: Prost Lorène , Martin Guillaume , Ballot Rémy , Benoit Marc , Bergez Jacques-Eric , Bockstaller Christian , Cerf Marianne , Deytieux Violaine , Hossard Laure , Jeuffroy Marie-Hélène , Leclère Margot , Le Bail Marianne , Le Gal Pierre-Yves , Loyce Chantal , Merot Anne , Meynard Jean-Marc , Mignolet Catherine , Munier-Jolain Nicolas , Novak Sandra , Parnaudeau Virginie , Poux Xavier , Sabatier Rodolphe , Salembier Chloé , Scopel Eric , Simon Sylvaine , Tchamitchian Marc , Toffolini Quentin , van der Werf Hayo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn response to the sustainability issues that agriculture faces in advanced economies, agroecology has gained increasing relevance in scientific, political, and social debates. This has promoted discussion about transitions to agroecology, which represents a significant advancement. Accordingly, it has become a growing field of research. We reviewed the literature on and in support of farm transitions to agroecology in advanced economies in order to identify key research challenges and suggest innovative research paths. Our findings can be summarized as follows: (1) Research that supports exploration and definition of desired futures, whether based on future-oriented modeling or expert-based foresight approaches, should more explicitly include the farm level. It should stimulate the creativity and design ability of farmers and other stakeholders, and also address issues of representation and power among them. (2) Research that creates awareness and assesses farms before, during or after transition requires more holistic and dynamic assessment frameworks. These frameworks need to be more flexible to adapt to the diversity of global and local challenges. Their assessment should explicitly include uncertainty due to the feedback loops and emergent properties of transitions. (3) Research that analyzes and supports farms during transition should focus more on the dynamics of change processes by valuing what happens on the farms. Research should especially give more credence to on-farm experiments conducted by farmers and develop new tools and methods (e.g., for strategic monitoring) to support these transitions. This is the first review of scientific studies of farm transitions to agroecology. Overall, the review indicates that these transitions challenge the system boundaries, temporal horizons, and sustainability dimensions that agricultural researchers usually consider. In this context, farm transitions to agroecology require changes in the current organization and funding of research in order to encourage longer term and more adaptive configurations.
Stability of a General Functional Equation in m-Banach Spaces
Authors: Ciepliński Krzysztof 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this note, the Ulam stability of a general functional equation in several variables is investigated. It is shown that this equation is Ulam stable in m-Banach spaces. Since a particular case of the considered equation is, among others, a functional equation introduced by Ji et al. and Zhao et al. for a characterization of the so-called multi-quadratic mapping, a result on its stability is also presented. Moreover, some other applications are provided.
Eine Frage des Settings?
Authors: Waldvogel Thomas 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungInwiefern unterscheiden sich Wirkungen und Erfolgsfaktoren zwischen Interventionen der politischen Bildung im Politik‑, Fremdsprachen- und Online-Unterricht? Der Beitrag diskutiert diese Frage, indem er die Antworten von 381 Schülerinnen analysiert, die an einem simulativen Rollenspiel über eine Fernsehdebatte zur französischen Präsidentschaftswahl 2022 im Politik‑, Französisch- und Online-Unterricht teilnahmen. Die Evaluationsstudie zeigt, erstens, dass sich in der Gesamtstichprobe durch die Teilnahme an der Intervention das spezifische Interesse an der französischen Präsidentschaftswahl, die internen Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen und das subjektive Wissen ebenso wie der tatsächliche Kenntnisstand deutlich erhöhten. Keine substanziellen Effekte zeigen sich für das externe Effektivitätsgefühl und die Konstrukte der basalen und weiterführenden politischen Partizipationsbereitschaft in der Gesamtstichprobe. Zweitens wird deutlich, dass diese Lerneffekte zwischen den Formaten in unterschiedlichen Settings variieren. Während die Online-Gruppe durchweg geringere Effekte erfährt, weisen die Lerngruppen im „analogen“ Französischunterricht besondere Zugewinne im objektiven und subjektiven Wissen sowie in den internen Effektivitätsüberzeugungen auf. Die Untergruppe derjenigen Schülerinnen, die im Politikunterricht an dem simulativen Rollenspiel in der Schule teilnahmen, zeichnen sich hingegen durch Lerneffekte bezüglich der externen Effektivität, der basalen und weiterführenden Partizipationsbereitschaft aus. Als konsistenten Erfolgsfaktor für die Evaluation der Intervention identifizieren wir, drittens, die substanziellen Zugewinne im objektiven Wissensstand der Schülerinnen über die französische Präsidentschaftswahl über alle drei Untergruppen hinweg. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Diskussion über die Limitationen der Studie und ihre Implikationen für die empirische Forschung und Praxis der politischen Bildung im Politik‑, Fremdsprachen- und Online-Unterricht.
An examination of legality of global abortion services and the genesis of public policy
Authors: Steinfield Laurel , Ramani Girish , Hill Ronald Paul , Paul Rehana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLegality of abortion has been one of the most controversial political initiatives in modern times, which also impacts the healthcare delivery system especially for women. The debate often devolves into disagreement on either access to services on demand from healthcare providers or service refusal regardless of the circumstances. However, the reality is different from this bipolar conversation. Instead, it varies depending upon location of the potential abortion recipient and a host of factors associated with nation-states. Thus, our purpose is to reveal different legislative protocols that lead to or inhibit availability of this aspect of women's reproductive rights, and to empirically determine what are the underlying series of factors that drive these policy decisions. Together they reveal a complex mosaic of fundamental principles that are rarely considered when formulating public policy. We hope our research across nations will help healthcare providers and policy makers recognize the genealogy of options and opportunities as they continue to debate abortion's provision to women within healthcare systems.
Long-term stability and generalization of observationally-constrained stochastic data-driven models for geophysical turbulence
Authors: Chattopadhyay Ashesh , Pathak Jaideep , Nabizadeh Ebrahim , Bhimji Wahid , Hassanzadeh Pedram 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge in interest in building deep learning-based fully data-driven models for weather prediction. Such deep learning models, if trained on observations can mitigate certain biases in current state-of-the-art weather models, some of which stem from inaccurate representation of subgrid-scale processes. However, these data-driven models, being over-parameterized, require a lot of training data which may not be available from reanalysis (observational data) products. Moreover, an accurate, noise-free, initial condition to start forecasting with a data-driven weather model is not available in realistic scenarios. Finally, deterministic data-driven forecasting models suffer from issues with long-term stability and unphysical climate drift, which makes these data-driven models unsuitable for computing climate statistics. Given these challenges, previous studies have tried to pre-train deep learning-based weather forecasting models on a large amount of imperfect long-term climate model simulations and then re-train them on available observational data. In this article, we propose a convolutional variational autoencoder (VAE)-based stochastic data-driven model that is pre-trained on an imperfect climate model simulation from a two-layer quasi-geostrophic flow and re-trained, using transfer learning, on a small number of noisy observations from a perfect simulation. This re-trained model then performs stochastic forecasting with a noisy initial condition sampled from the perfect simulation. We show that our ensemble-based stochastic data-driven model outperforms a baseline deterministic encoder–decoder-based convolutional model in terms of short-term skills, while remaining stable for long-term climate simulations yielding accurate climatology.
Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the adherence to hand hygiene practice in hospitals—Data from a Swiss national surveillance system
Authors: Rüfenacht Susanne , Kohler Philipp , Kuhn Rolf , Flury Domenica , Widmer Andreas F. , Schlegel Matthias ,   Swissnoso
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn >100,000 observations across Swiss acute-care hospitals, hand hygiene (HH) adherence significantly increased during the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wave. However, despite persisting COVID-19 activity, HH adherence returned to prepandemic levels over a 2-year observation period. These results indicate that training and support remains challenging.
Tracking antimicrobial stewardship activities beyond days of therapy (DOT): Comparison of days of antibiotic spectrum coverage (DASC) and DOT at a single center
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Heintz Brett H. , Livorsi Daniel J. , Perencevich Eli N. , Goto Michihiko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEven though antimicrobial days of therapy did not significantly decrease during a period of robust stewardship activities at our center, we detected a significant downward trend in antimicrobial spectrum, as measured by days of antibiotic spectrum coverage (DASC). The DASC metric may help more broadly monitor the effect of stewardship activities.
Fixing the misalignment of the concession of corporate legal personality
Authors: Hardman Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe nature of separate legal personality is a perennial debate in corporate law. This paper uses insights from a previous iteration of the debate to argue that separate legal personality is best seen as a two-step process: it is a concession from the state to something real. That real thing is the economic concept of the firm, which has been recently debated within institutional economics. Viewing separate legal personality as a two-step process lets us explore whether the concession of separate legal personality is operating as it should. Law imposes no prerequisite requirement that a firm exists before establishing a company, nor limits firms to only one company. Law thus facilitates misalignments between the firm and the company. Such misalignments will only occur if two constituencies within the company structure – the ultimate shareholders and directors – consider it in their interests to create such misalignment. As a result, these misalignments harm third parties by allowing risk to be exported to them through opportunistic misalignment. This paper then explores the methods of misalignment and reviews current legal tools which are available to be deployed to re-align the company to the firm, and argues that they should be deployed.
COVID-19 host genetics and ABO blood group susceptibility
Authors: Ellinghaus David 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Twenty-five susceptibility loci for SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 disease severity have been identified in the human genome by genome-wide association studies, and the most frequently replicated genetic findings for susceptibility are genetic variants at the ABO gene locus on chromosome 9q34.2, which is supported by the association between ABO blood group distribution and COVID-19. The ABO blood group effect appears to influence a variety of disease conditions and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with COVID-19. Transmission models for SARS-CoV-2 combined with observational public health and genome-wide data from patients and controls, as well as receptor binding experiments in cell lines and human samples, indicate that there may be a reduction or slowing of infection events by up to 60% in certain ABO blood group constellations of index and contact person in the early phase of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The strength of the ABO blood group effect on reducing infection rates further depends on the distribution of the ABO blood groups in the respective population and the proportion of blood group O in that population. To understand in detail the effect of ABO blood groups on COVID-19, further studies are needed in relation to different demographic characteristics, but also in relation to recent data on reinfection with new viral variants and in the context of the human microbiome.
Coping with COVID-19: the role of hospital care structures and capacity expansion in five countries
Authors: Cacace Mirella , Böcken Jan , Edquist Kristin , Klenk Tanja , Martinez-Jimenez Mario , Preusker Uwe , Vrangbaek Karsten , Waitzberg Ruth 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis contribution examines the responses of five health systems in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: Denmark, Germany, Israel, Spain and Sweden. The aim is to understand to what extent this crisis response of these countries was resilient. The study focuses on hospital care structures, considering both existing capacity before the pandemic and the management and expansion of capacity during the crisis. Evaluation criteria include flexibility in the use of existing resources and response planning, as well as the ability to create surge capacity. Data were collected from country experts using a structured questionnaire. Main findings are that not only the total number but also the availability of hospital beds is critical to resilience, as is the ability to mobilise (highly) qualified personnel. Indispensable for rapid capacity adjustment is the availability of data. Countries with more centralised hospital care structures, more sophisticated concepts for providing specialised services and stronger integration of the inpatient and outpatient sectors have clear structural advantages. A solid digital infrastructure is also conducive. Finally, a centralised governance structure is crucial for flexibility and adaptability. In decentralised systems, robust mechanisms to coordinate across levels are important to strengthen health care system resilience in pandemic situations and beyond.