bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 Ameliorates Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Diarrhea by Modulating Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress via the IRP2 Pathway
Authors: Chen Keyuan , Wang Jiufeng , Guo Liang , Wang Jing , Yang Lan , Hu Ting , Zhao Yiqing , Wang Xue , Zhu Yaohong 
Published: February 2023

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) has evolved mechanisms to evade the host’s nutritional immunity and thus promote bacterial growth by using the iron in the host. However, the detailed mechanisms of S. Typhimurium induce dysregulation of iron homeostasis and whether Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 can alleviate the iron metabolism disorder caused by S. Typhimurium has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that S. Typhimurium activated the expression of iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), transferrin receptor 1, and divalent metal transporter protein 1 and suppressed the expression of iron exporter ferroportin, which resulted in iron overload and oxidative stress, inhibiting the key antioxidant proteins NF-E2-related factor 2, Heme Oxygenase-1, and Superoxide Dismutase in vitro and in vivo. L. johnsonii L531 pretreatment effectively reversed these phenomena. IRP2 knockdown inhibited iron overload and oxidative damage induced by S. Typhimurium in IPEC-J2 cells, while IRP2 overexpression promoted iron overload and oxidative damage caused by S. Typhimurium. Interestingly, the protective effect of L. johnsonii L531 on iron homeostasis and antioxidant function was blocked following IRP2 overexpression in Hela cells, demonstrating that L. johnsonii L531 attenuates disruption of iron homeostasis and consequent oxidative damage caused by S. Typhimurium via the IRP2 pathway, which contributes to the prevention of S. Typhimurium diarrhea in mice.
Composição fenólica e características cromáticas da epiderme de uvas e vinhos ‘Merlot’ tratados em pré-colheita com regulador vegetal e bioestimulantes
Authors: Pessenti Isabela Leticia , Ayub Ricardo Antonio , Marcon Filho José Luiz , Botelho Renato Vasconcelo 
Published: February 2023

O desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias sustentáveis para a melhoria da qualidade de uvas viníferas pode contribuir para o avanço da indústria vinícola do ponto de vista econômico e ambiental. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de ácido abscísico (S-ABA), de extrato de alga Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) e de gel de Aloe vera (AV) da videira ‘Merlot’ sobre as características fenólicas de uvas ‘Merlot’. Os tratamentos foram: 1) testemunha (água); 2) S-ABA 400 mg L-1; 3) S-ABA 600 mg L-1; 4) AV 200 mL L-1; 5) AV 400 mL L-1; 6) AN 0,2 mL L-1; e 7) AN 0,4 mL L-1. Foram realizadas as aplicações no estágio, quando as bagas atingiram 50% de coloração. Avaliaram-se, na epiderme, os teores de antocianinas e polifenóis totais, e a atividade das enzimas fenilalanina amônia-liase (FAL), polifenoloxidase (PPO) e peroxidase (POD). No vinho, avaliaram-se as antocianinas e polifenóis totais, antocianinas monoméricas, índice de coloração e atividade antioxidante (DPPH). As aplicações de S-ABA aumentaram o teor de antocianinas e polifenóis totais e a atividade de FAL na epiderme das uvas, tendo aumentado também as antocianinas monoméricas no vinho. O AV a 400 mg L-1 apresentou efeito positivo no aumento dos teores de polifenóis totais e na atividade da enzima PPO. Para as análises do vinho, gel de AV e extrato de AN aumentaram o teor de antocianinas totais e a DPPH.
Glass-metal Coaxial-waveguide Reactors for On-demand Microwave-assisted Chemistry
Authors: Kouzaev Guennadi 
Published: February 2023

<p> This short communication considers the results of developing novel glass-metal coaxial waveguide reactors. They are designed on the base of the Liebig condenser, where the central glass channel is occupied by wire. The outer shield is made of copper foil. A liquid flows between the central glass tube and the shielded outer pipe, being pumped in and out through the shielded tubes. The reactors are excited through coaxial connectors. The developed devices show moderate loss and increased penetration depth needed for smooth heating of flowing liquids. The components are studied by measurements and simulations. </p>
A Boolean Algebra Based Rule Extraction Algorithm That Extracts If-then Classification Rules from Three-layer Neural Networks with General Inputs
Authors: Hwang Chun-Kai 
Published: February 2023

<p> We present a Boolean algebra based algorithm to extract if-then classification rules from supervised learning feedforward neural networks to solve the black-box problem of the decision process of the neural networks. This algorithm is called the BAB-G rule extraction algorithm, which stands for Boolean Algebra Based for General inputs. According to the concept of discretizing continuous hidden neuron activation values, we present the BAB-G rule extraction algorithm, which can be applied to three-layer feedforward neural networks with discrete, continuous, or mixed inputs. The antecedent parts of the if-then rules obtained from this algorithm are slanting hyperplanes. During the rule extraction procedure, redundant hidden neurons can be removed without affecting the functionality of the neural networks. Some empirical results on the data sets from the UCI repository of machine learning database are given for comparing our rule extraction algorithm and C5.0 decision tree algorithm. For these datasets, statistical hypothesis tests show that the rules obtained from our algorithm achieve the same classification accuracy as the neural networks. Moreover, our rules are better than the C5.0 decision tree both on comprehensibility and on accuracy for these datasets. </p>
Energy-efficient neural network learning with accuracy-adjustable floating-point multiplier
Authors: Pilipović Ratko , Bulic Patricio , Lotrič Uros 
Published: February 2023

<p>This paper proposes a novel approximate bfloat16 multiplier with on-the-fly adjustable accuracy for energy-efficient learning in deep neural networks. The size of the proposed multiplier is only 62% of the size of the exact bfloat16 multiplier. Furthermore, its energy footprint is up to five times smaller than the footprint of the exact bfloat multiplier. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed multiplier in deep neural network learning, where we successfully train the ResNet-20 network on the CIFAR-10 dataset from scratch. </p>
Qualitative evaluation of the contribution of CanMEDS roles in the development of area of focused competence diplomas
Authors: Agarwal Tanvi , Conejero Muller Maria Jose , Atkinson Adelle , Bismilla Zia 
Published: February 2023

Background: While many Area of Focused Competency (AFC) Diplomas are available to those who have completed Pediatric residency training, it is not known which competencies are enhanced within each AFC discipline. Our objective was to determine which CanMEDS roles were targeted by existing AFCs available to those who have completed Pediatric residency training and identify gaps within CanMEDs roles that may be fulfilled by the development of new AFCs.
Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken using document analysis methodology to compare CanMEDS competencies across AFCs available to those with Royal College examination eligibility or certification in Pediatrics. RCPSC Competency Training Requirements documents were used to compare and contrast the competencies in each AFC with competencies established in Pediatric residency training. Key and Enabling Competencies were compared for each CanMEDS role to identify differences.
Results: Ten AFCs were identified with eligibility requirements including Royal College examination eligibility or certification in Pediatrics. All 10 AFCs included at least one new Medical Expert competency, for a total of 42 unique competencies in this role across all AFCs. The Scholar role had only 10 new competencies across seven AFCs, while only one AFC added a single unique competency in the Collaborator role.
Conclusions: The majority of new competencies contributed by AFCs lie within the CanMEDS role of Medical Expert. The Scholar and Collaborator roles have the least differences when comparing competencies of existing AFCs to those competencies established in Pediatric residency training. Developing additional AFCs that offer advanced skills in these roles may help close this gap within the discipline of Pediatrics.
Benchmarking a Canadian anesthesiology resident research program against national norms using a logic model framework: a quality improvement study.
Authors: Barbour-Tuck Erin , Mutter Thomas , O'Brien Jennifer M , Girling Linda , Choo Eugene , Gamble Jonathan 
Published: February 2023

Background: Canadian specialty training programs are expected to deliver curriculum content and assess competencies related to the CanMEDS Scholar role. We evaluated our residency research program and benchmarked it against national norms for quality improvement purposes.
Methods: In 2021, we reviewed departmental curriculum documents and surveyed current and recently graduated residents. We applied a logic model framework to assess if our program’s inputs, activities, and outputs addressed the relevant CanMeds Scholar competencies. We then descriptively benchmarked our results against a 2021 environmental scan of Canadian anesthesiology resident research programs.
Results: Local program content was successfully mapped to competencies. The local survey response rate was 40/55 (73%). In benchmarking, our program excelled in providing milestone-related assessments, research funding, administrative, supervisory, and methodologic support, and requiring a literature review, proposal presentation, and local abstract submission as output. Acceptable activities to meet research requirements vary greatly among programs. Balancing competing clinical and research responsibilities was a frequently reported challenge.
Conclusions: The logic model framework was easily applied and demonstrated our program benchmarked well against national norms. National level dialogue is needed to develop specific, consistent scholar role activities and competency assessments to bridge the gap between expected outcome standards and education practice.
No evidence for spatial suppression due to across-trial distractor learning in visual search
Authors: Li Ai-Su , Bogaerts Louisa , Theeuwes Jan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that during visual search, participants are able to implicitly learn across-trial regularities regarding target locations and use these to improve search performance. The present study asks whether such across-trial visual statistical learning also extends to the location of salient distractors. In Experiments 1 and 2, distractor regularities were paired so that a specific distractor location was 100% predictive of another specific distractor location on the next trial. Unlike previous findings that employed target regularities, the current results show no difference in search times between predictable and unpredictable trials. In Experiments 3–5 the distractor location was presented in a structured order (a sequence) for one group of participants, while it was presented randomly for the other group. Again, there was no learning effect of the across-trial regularities regarding the salient distractor locations. Across five experiments, we demonstrated that participants were unable to exploit across-trial spatial regularities regarding the salient distractors. These findings point to important boundary conditions for the modulation of visual attention by statistical regularities and they highlight the need to differentiate between different types of statistical regularities.
Visual search and childhood vision impairment: A GAMLSS-oriented multiverse analysis approach
Authors: Constable Paul A. , Loh Lynne , Prem-Senthil Mallika , Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this report was to analyze reaction times and accuracy in children with a vision impairment performing a feature-based visual search task using a multiverse statistical approach. The search task consisted of set sizes 4, 16, and 24, consisting of distractors (circle) and a target (ellipse) that were presented randomly to school-aged individuals with or without a vision impairment. Interactions and main effects of key variables relating to reaction times and accuracy were analyzed via a novel statistical method blending GAMLSS (generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape) and distributional regression trees. Reaction times for the target-present and target-absent conditions were significantly slower in the vision impairment group with increasing set sizes (p < .001). Female participants were significantly slower than were males for set sizes 16 and 24 in the target-absent condition (p < .001), with male participants being significantly slower than females in the target-present condition (p < .001). Accuracy was only significantly worse (p = .03) for participants less than 14 years of age for the target-absent condition with set sizes 16 and 24. There was a positive association between binocular visual acuity and search time (p < .001). The application of GAMLSS with distributional regression trees to the analysis of visual search data may provide further insights into underlying factors affecting search performance in case-control studies where psychological or physical differences may influence visual search outcomes.
Electrophysiological evidence for the enhancement of gesture-speech integration by linguistic predictability during multimodal discourse comprehension
Authors: Hintz Florian , Khoe Yung Han , Strauß Antje , Psomakas Adam Johannes Alfredo , Holler Judith 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn face-to-face discourse, listeners exploit cues in the input to generate predictions about upcoming words. Moreover, in addition to speech, speakers produce a multitude of visual signals, such as iconic gestures, which listeners readily integrate with incoming words. Previous studies have shown that processing of target words is facilitated when these are embedded in predictable compared to non-predictable discourses and when accompanied by iconic compared to meaningless gestures. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of both factors. We recorded electroencephalogram from 60 Dutch adults while they were watching videos of an actress producing short discourses. The stimuli consisted of an introductory and a target sentence; the latter contained a target noun. Depending on the preceding discourse, the target noun was either predictable or not. Each target noun was paired with an iconic gesture and a gesture that did not convey meaning. In both conditions, gesture presentation in the video was timed such that the gesture stroke slightly preceded the onset of the spoken target by 130 ms. Our ERP analyses revealed independent facilitatory effects for predictable discourses and iconic gestures. However, the interactive effect of both factors demonstrated that target processing (i.e., gesture-speech integration) was facilitated most when targets were part of predictable discourses and accompanied by an iconic gesture. Our results thus suggest a strong intertwinement of linguistic predictability and non-verbal gesture processing where listeners exploit predictive discourse cues to pre-activate verbal and non-verbal representations of upcoming target words.
Gender differences in “optimistic” information processing in uncertain decisions
Authors: Karmarkar Uma R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDecision-makers often are faced with uncertain situations in which they have incomplete information. While risky decisions include the probabilities of the possible outcomes, ambiguous decisions involve both unknown probabilities and unknown outcomes. Prior research has suggested that there are differences in how men and women evaluate risk, but evidence related to gender and ambiguity is mixed. The present work approaches this problem from a novel angle, focusing on the use of information that is present rather than the impact of information that is absent. It examines how individuals assign value in uncertain decisions based on the partial information they do have. While a main effect of gender on value is not observed, there is an enhanced “optimism bias” in how both favorable and unfavorable information influences the subjective value of ambiguous financial prospects for male compared to female participants. Unpacking these effects suggests multiple mechanisms, including a significant contribution of risk processing. Specifically, favorable and unfavorable information are over- and underweighted respectively in male participants’ estimated likelihood of a winning outcome, and unfavorable information is underweighted in estimating certainty. There also is an interaction of gender and risk preferences, such that value increases more for male participants as the subjectively estimated likelihood of winning increases. A second experiment demonstrates this risk interaction effect is also observed for objective probabilities of winning, suggesting that the relationship between value and risk uses similar mechanisms across layers of uncertainty.
Optical Spectroscopic Observations of Gamma-Ray Blazar Candidates. XII. Follow-up Observations from SOAR, Blanco, NTT, and OAN-SPM
Authors: García-Pérez Abigail , Peña-Herazo Harold A. , Massaro Francesco , Chavushyan Vahram , D’abrusco Raffaele , Masetti Nicola , Landoni Marco , Franca Fabio La , Patiño-Álvarez Víctor M. , Amaya-Almazán Raúl A. , Milisavljevic Dan , Paggi Alessandro , Ricci Federica , Jiménez-Bailón Elena , Smith Howard A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Roughly one third of the sources in the Fermi-LAT catalogs are listed as unidentified/unassociated γ-ray sources (UGS), i.e., they lack a low-energy counterpart. In addition, there is a growing population of blazars of uncertain type (BCUs). Spectroscopic observations are crucial to confirm the blazar nature of the UGSs candidate counterparts and BCUs. Hence, in 2013 we started an optical spectroscopic campaign to carry out the identifications and classifications. In this paper, as a continuation of the campaign we report the spectra of 39 sources: the sample comprises 37 sources classified as BCUs, one source classified as a BL Lac in the Fourth Source Catalog of the Fermi-LAT (4FGL), and one source classified as UGS. We classify 19 of the sources in the sample as BL Lacs, 13 as blazars with nonnegligible host-galaxy emission, six as Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars, and one as a normal elliptical galaxy. The source listed as BL Lac in the 4FGL seems to be a blazar with nonnegligible host-galaxy emission in our observations, most likely due to an ongoing quiescent state. We classified the UGS source as a BL Lac. Six out of the 39 sources were previously reported in the campaign; in general, both the classifications and redshifts are in agreement, except for one of them with no redshift reported before. Altogether, we provided reliable redshift estimates to 21 out of the 39 sources. Finally, we describe the statistics of the data collected in our campaign so far.
Lyα Scattering Models Trace Accretion and Outflow Kinematics in T Tauri Systems*
Authors: Arulanantham Nicole , Gronke Max , Fiorellino Eleonora , Gameiro Jorge Filipe , Frasca Antonio , Green Joel , Chang Seok-Jun , Claes Rik A. B. , Espaillat Catherine C. , France Kevin , Herczeg Gregory J. , Manara Carlo F. , Venuti Laura , Ábrahám Péter , Alexander Richard , Bouvier Jerome , Campbell-White Justyn , Eislöffel Jochen , Fischer William J. , Kóspál Ágnes , Vioque Miguel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
T Tauri stars produce broad Lyα emission lines that contribute ∼88% of the total UV flux incident on the inner circumstellar disks. Lyα photons are generated at the accretion shocks and in the protostellar chromospheres and must travel through accretion flows, winds, and jets, the protoplanetary disks, and the interstellar medium before reaching the observer. This trajectory produces asymmetric, double-peaked features that carry kinematic and opacity signatures of the disk environments. To understand the link between the evolution of Lyα emission lines and the disks themselves, we model HST-COS spectra from targets included in Data Release 3 of the Hubble UV Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards program. We find that resonant scattering in a simple spherical expanding shell is able to reproduce the high-velocity emission line wings, providing estimates of the average velocities within the bulk intervening H i. The model velocities are significantly correlated with the K-band veiling, indicating a turnover from Lyα profiles absorbed by outflowing winds to emission lines suppressed by accretion flows as the hot inner disk is depleted. Just 30% of targets in our sample have profiles with redshifted absorption from accretion flows, many of which have resolved dust gaps. At this stage, Lyα photons may no longer intersect with disk winds along the path to the observer. Our results point to a significant evolution of Lyα irradiation within the gas disks over time, which may lead to chemical differences that are observable with ALMA and JWST.
Tidal Disruption Events from Eccentric Orbits and Lessons Learned from the Noteworthy ASASSN-14ko
Authors: Liu 刘 Chang 畅 , Mockler Brenna , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Yarza Ricardo , Law-Smith Jamie A. P. , Naoz Smadar , Melchor Denyz , Rose Sanaea 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Stars grazing supermassive black holes (SMBHs) on bound orbits may survive tidal disruption, causing periodic flares. Inspired by the recent discovery of the periodic nuclear transient ASASSN-14ko, a promising candidate for a repeating tidal disruption event (TDE), we study the tidal deformation of stars approaching SMBHs on eccentric orbits. With both analytical and hydrodynamic methods, we show the overall tidal deformation of a star is similar to that in a parabolic orbit provided that the eccentricity is above a critical value. This allows one to make use of existing simulation libraries from parabolic encounters to calculate the mass fallback rate in eccentric TDEs. We find the flare structures of eccentric TDEs show a complicated dependence on both the SMBH mass and the orbital period. For stars orbiting SMBHs with relatively short periods, we predict significantly shorter-lived duration flares than those in parabolic TDEs, which can be used to predict repeating events if the mass of the SMBH can be independently measured. Using an adiabatic mass-loss model, we study the flare evolution over multiple passages, and show the evolved stars can survive many more passages than main-sequence stars. We apply this theoretical framework to the repeating TDE candidate ASASSN-14ko and suggest that its recurrent flares originate from a moderately massive (M ≳ 1 M
⊙), extended (likely ≈10 R
⊙), evolved star on a grazing, bound orbit around the SMBH. Future hydrodynamic simulations of multiple tidal interactions will enable realistic models on the individual flare structure and the evolution over multiple flares.