bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of Treponema pallidum PCR test in real practice
Authors: Labrandero Hoyos Carolina , Peñuelas Leal Rodrigo , Casanova Esquembre Andrés , Lorca Spröhnle Javier , Echevarría Andrés Grau , Magdaleno Tapial Jorge , Martinez‐Domenech Álvaro , Mochón Maria Dolores Ocete , Hernández Bel Pablo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundSyphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the pathogen Treponema pallidum. Its incidence is increasing in our country, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). Serological tests are still the most widely used technique for diagnosis. The need for an early diagnosis has prompted the introduction of fast techniques, such as Treponema pallidum detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on mucocutaneous samples. The objective of this work is to analyse the sensitivity of this technique in a series of patients diagnosed with syphilis at our centre.MethodsRetrospective review of all cases diagnosed with syphilis at our centre between May 2017 and May 2021.ResultsA total of 203 cases of syphilis were diagnosed with serologic tests: 33% were primary syphilis and 53.1% secondary syphilis. PCR for Treponema pallidum was performed in 117 (57,6%) cases. The sensitivity was highest (95,2%) when performed on samples from mucocutaneous ulcers in primary syphilis. This value decreased to 69,4% in secondary syphilis, although there were variations between the types of samples.ConclusionsThe PCR test has a high diagnostic value when performed on ulcer exudates in patients with primary syphilis. Its most relevant advantages in clinical practice are the possibility of an early diagnosis before serological tests during the window period, the ability to confirm reinfections in patients with persistent positivity of reaginic antibodies and a history of treated syphilis. Nevertheless, given that a negative PCR test may not rule out infection by Treponema pallidum, serologic tests are still necessary for everyday practice.
The evolving relationship between COVID‐19 and serious bacterial infection evaluation in febrile neonates
Authors: Guernsey David , Kostin Shannon , Silver Michael , Vazquez Hector , Zerzan Jessica 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe COVID‐19 omicron variant surge highlighted the evolving impact of COVID‐19. Febrile infants <60 days old are high risk for serious bacterial infections (SBI). This study evaluated the rate of SBI based on COVID‐19 infection.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review at an urban, academic paediatric emergency department. The study enrolled infants 60 days old or less with documented fever. The primary outcome was SBI diagnosed by blood, urine, and/or cerebrospinal fluid cultures. We compared the rate of SBI between COVID‐19 groups with an omicron variant and 29‐ to 60‐day‐old subgroup analyses.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐three (233) infants meet the criteria. The incidence of SBI was 18.7% in the COVID‐19 negative and 1.7% in the COVID‐19‐positive group which is statistically significant (p < 0.001). Omicron subgroup analysis did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.62) while COVID‐19‐positive infants 29–60 days old had a statistically significant lower rate of SBI (p = 0.006).ConclusionThe omicron variant surge provided an additional understanding of the impact of COVID‐19 on these high‐risk infants. These results can lead to decreased invasive testing and exposure to antibiotics as well as examine the utility of viral testing for risk stratification.
The potential of metabolomics as a predictive guide for clinical management in autoimmunity against red blood cells
Authors: Kapur Rick 
Published: January 2023

Autoimmune‐responses leading to increased destruction of red blood cells occur in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). The pathophysiology of AIHA is multifactorial and not fully understood, and clinically it remains challenging to manage relapsed and treatment‐refractory cases. Rabelo and colleagues conduct metabolomic profiling in plasma of 26 patients with primary warm AIHA, with consideration of haemolytic activity and relapse occurrence. They identify distinct metabolites to be increased in primary warm AIHA patients, thereby providing an encouraging basis for further validation and exploration of metabolomic profiling as a predictive tool for the management of AIHA.Commentary on: Rabelo et al. Metabolomic profile in patients with primary warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Br J Haematol 2023;200:140‐149.
Bone dimensional changes after flapless immediate implant placement with and without bone grafting: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fettouh Ahmed Ibrahim Aboul , Ghallab Noha A. , Ghaffar Khaled Abdel , Mina Nael Adel , Abdelmalak Mariam Samy , Abdelrahman Abdelrahman Ali Gamaleldin , Shemais Nesma Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionImmediate implant in postextraction sockets requires managing the postextraction alveolar resorption. This randomized clinical trial examined vertical and horizontal changes 1‐year following flapless immediate implant with and without xenograft at sites with thin labial plate.MethodsForty patients with hopeless teeth in maxillary esthetic zone were randomly assigned to receiving either one immediate implant without bone graft (control) or with bone graft (intervention). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained pre‐extraction and 1‐year postoperatively to measure thickness and dimensional changes of the labial bone.ResultsCone beam computed tomography measurements revealed that a xenograft, when compared to no xenograft, led to 0.2 mm increased fill of the horizontal gap (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.1, 0.7). In both groups, there was a significant reduction in the labio‐palatal bone width after 1 year compared to baseline (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the xenograft when compared to no xenograft regarding the labio‐palatal bone collapse % at 0 mm (−0.2, 95% CI: −4.8, 4.5) and 2 mm apical to the labial crest (1.9, 95% CI: −1.8, 5.6). While at 5 mm the ridge was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) in the no xenograft when compared to xenograft (4.5, 95% CI: 0.7, 8.2). The xenograft when compared to no xenograft, led to 1.1 mm less vertical bone changes (95% CI: 0.4, 1.9). Both groups revealed significant positive correlation between labio‐palatal socket dimension and bone formed labial to the implant (P ≤ 0.05). [Correction added on 7 February 2023, after first online publication: In the 8th line of this section, the word “collapse” was changed to “ridge” in this version.]ConclusionThis investigation suggested that immediate implants with or without grafting the labial gap preserved alveolar bone dimension and that bone formation labial to the implant was related to initial labio‐palatal socket dimension.
Risk stratification for post‐operative pulmonary complications following major cardiothoracic or abdominal surgery: Validation of the PPC Risk Prediction Score for physiotherapist's clinical decision‐making
Authors: Salling Sofie Langbo , Jensen Janne Hastrup , Mosegaard Sebastian Breddam , Sørensen Lotte , Mechlenburg Inger 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatients undergoing major cardiothoracic or abdominal surgery are at increased risk of developing post‐operative pulmonary complications (PPC), but respiratory physiotherapy can prevent PPC. We have previously developed the PPC Risk Prediction Score to allocate physiotherapists' resources and stratify patients into three risk groups. In this study, we performed a temporal external validation of the PPC Risk Prediction Score. Such validation is rare and adds to the originality of this study.MethodsA cohort of 360 patients, admitted to undergo elective cardiothoracic or abdominal surgery, were included. Performance and clinical usefulness of the PPC Risk Prediction Score were estimated through discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness, and the score was updated.ResultsThe score showed c‐statistics of 0.62. Related to clinical usefulness, a cut point at 8 gave a sensitivity of 0.49 and a specificity of 0.70, whereas a cut point at 12 gave a sensitivity of 0.13 and a specificity of 0.95. Two predictors included in the development sample score, thoraco‐abdominal incision odds ratio (OR) 2.74 (1.12;6.71) and sternotomy OR 2.09 (1.18;3.72), were statistically significantly associated to PPC in the validation sample.ConclusionsThe score was not able to discriminate between patients with and without PPC; neither was the updated score, but the study identified clinically relevant risk factors for developing PPC.
Transboundary conservation hotspots in China and potential impacts of the belt and road initiative
Authors: Shi Kaichong , Yang Li , Zhang Lu , Chapman Colin , Fan Pengfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimBiodiversity hotspots often span international borders, thus conservation efforts must as well. China is one of the most biodiverse countries and the length of its international land borders is the longest in the world; thus, there is a strong need for transboundary conservation. We identify China's transboundary conservation hotspots and analyse the potential effects of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on them to provide recommendations for conservation actions.LocationChina, Asia.MethodsWe compiled a species list of terrestrial vertebrates that span China's borders. Using their distribution, we extracted the top 30% of the area with the highest richness value weighted by Red List category and considered these transboundary hotspots for conservation priority. Then we analysed protected area (PA) coverage and connectivity to identify conservation gaps. To measure potential impact of the BRI, we counted the species whose distribution range is traversed by the BRI, and calculated the aggregation index, proportion of natural land and night light index along its routes.ResultsWe identified 1964 terrestrial vertebrate species living in the border region. We identified four transboundary hotspots and found insufficient PA coverage and low connectivity in three of them. The BRI routes intersected all four hotspots and traversed 82.4% (1619/1964) of the transboundary species, half of which (918) are sensitive to the potential risks brought by the BRI. Night light index increased generally along the BRI. However, the proportion of natural land and the aggregation index near the BRI showed different trends in hotspots.Main ConclusionsThere is an urgent need for conservation action in China's transboundary region. The BRI should put biodiversity conservation at the core of its development strategy. Furthermore, we suggest using the planned BRI as a platform for dialogue and consultation, knowledge and data sharing, and joint planning to promote transboundary conservation.
Ant attendance does not necessarily imply protection of aphids from their arthropod natural enemies
Authors: Schifani Enrico , Peri Ezio , Giannetti Daniele , Colazza Stefano , Grasso Donato A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Many ants and hemipterans are bound by a mutualistic relationship (trophobiosis) which represents an ecological keystone: ants receive food (honeydew) providing different kinds of protection. Partner protection against arthropod natural enemies is considered to be frequent and to interfere with biological control strategies of hemipteran pests.
We carried out an ant‐exclusion field experiment in a fava bean (Vicia faba) plantation in Italy to monitor the abundance and behaviour of the ants (Plagiolepis pygmaea, Tetramorium semilaeve and the exotic Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi) and their relationship with facultative mutualist (Aphis fabae) and non‐mutualist (Megoura viciae) aphids, the arthropod natural enemies of the aphids, and extrafloral nectaries.
Ants concentrated their activity on the attendance of facultative mutualist aphids much more than on the extrafloral nectaries. The ant‐exclusion treatment had no effect on the abundance of M. viciae and on the parasitization rate of A. fabae, while it reduced the abundance of A. fabae, aphid predators, and aphid parasitoids.
Our results demonstrate that ant attendance does not imply the protection of aphids from arthropod natural enemies and suggest that the identity of the ant species involved is important for the outcome. As relatively few species have been studied in this regard, extending our knowledge to the role of more ant species is desirable to understand the ecology and evolution of ant‐aphid mutualisms and to refine integrated control strategies of aphid pests.
How patients' psycho‐social profiles contribute to decision‐making in epilepsy surgery: A prospective study
Authors: Hohmann Louisa , Bien Christian G. , Holtkamp Martin , Grewe Philip 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveIdentifying factors associated with surgical decision‐making is important to understand reasons for underutilization of epilepsy surgery. Neurologists' recommendations for surgery and patients' acceptance of these recommendations depend on clinical epilepsy variables, for example, lateralization and localization of seizure onset zones. Moreover, previous research shows associations with demographic factors, for example, age and sex. Here, we investigate the relevance of patients' psycho‐social profile for surgical decision‐making.MethodsWe prospectively studied 296 patients from two large German epilepsy centers. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate variables linked to neurologists' recommendations for and patients' acceptance of surgery or intracranial video‐electroencephalographic monitoring. Patients' psycho‐social profiles were assessed via self‐reports and controlled for various clinical–demographic variables. Model selection was performed using the Akaike information criterion.ResultsAs expected, models for neurologists' surgery recommendations primarily revealed clinical factors such as lateralization and localization of the seizure onset zone, load with antiseizure medication (ASM), and site of the epilepsy‐center. For this outcome, employment was the only relevant psycho‐social aspect (odds ratio [OR] = .38, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .13–1.11). In contrast, three of the five relevant predictors for patients' acceptance were psycho‐social. Higher odds were found for those with more subjective ASM adverse events (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = .99–1.00), more subjective seizure severity (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01–1.24), and lower subjective cognitive impairment (OR = .98, 95% CI = .96–1.00).SignificanceWe demonstrated the relevance of the patients' psycho‐social profile for decision‐making in epilepsy surgery, particularly for patients' decisions. Thus, in addition to clinical–demographic variables, patients' individual psycho‐social characteristics add to the understanding of surgical decision‐making. From a clinical perspective, this calls for individually tailored counseling to assist patients in finding the optimal treatment option.
Text mining applications to support health library practice: A case study on marijuana legalization Twitter analytics
Authors: Kung Janice Y. , Ly Kynan , Shiri Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTwitter is rich in data for text and data analytics research, with the ability to capture trends.ObjectivesThis study examines Canadian tweets on marijuana legalization and terminology used. Presented as a case study, Twitter analytics will demonstrate the varied applications of how this kind of research method may be used to inform library practice.MethodsTwitter API was used to extract a subset of tweets using seven relevant hashtags. Using open‐source programming tools, the sampled tweets were analysed between September to November 2018, identifying themes, frequently used terms, sentiment, and co‐occurring hashtags.ResultsMore than 1,176,000 tweets were collected. The most popular hashtag co‐occurrence, two hashtags appearing together, was #cannabis and #CdnPoli. There was a high variance in the sentiment analysis of all collected tweets but most scores had neutral sentiment.DiscussionThe case study presents text‐mining applications relevant to help make informed decisions in library practice through service analysis, quality analysis, and collection analysis.ConclusionsFindings from sentiment analysis may determine usage patterns from users. There are several ways in which libraries may use text mining to make evidence‐informed decisions such as examining all possible terminologies used by the public to help inform comprehensive evidence synthesis projects and build taxonomies for digital libraries and repositories.
HETEROGENEITY, FRICTIONAL ASSIGNMENT, AND HOME‐OWNERSHIP
Authors: Head Allen , Lloyd‐Ellis Huw , Stacey Derek 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study the composition of the housing stock across ownership and rental markets in a dynamic model of frictional assignment. Houses are rented or sold to heterogeneous households that sort over quality. Due to matching frictions and an increasing ownership surplus, wealthy households tend to own and lower value housing tends to be rented, even without financial frictions or rental supply constraints. When calibrated to match key housing market features of the average U.S. city, the model is consistent with observed empirical relationships across cities. We study the model's implications for affordability, ownership, and the impact of progressive property taxation.
Gut inflammation and adaptive immunity amplify acetaminophen toxicity in bowel and liver
Authors: Alabbas Saleh Y , Giri Rabina , Oancea Iulia , Davies Julie , Schreibner Veronika , Florin Timothy H , Begun Jakob 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimPrevention of liver failure arising from accidental or deliberate paracetamol (acetaminophen [APAP]) overdose remains a vexed health problem despite well‐publicized guidelines for its early detection and treatment. It is recognized that the gut may aggravate liver pathology, via the gut–liver axis. The main aim of this study was to assess the role of the colon in APAP‐induced liver toxicity.MethodsLiver necrosis and colitis were studied following sublethal doses of APAP administered intraperitoneally to C57Bl/6 wild‐type (WT) mice, as well as to C57Bl/6 Winnie mice, which develop a spontaneous colitis caused by a SNP in Muc2, and WT mice with acute DSS‐induced colitis. Repeated APAP exposure was studied in WT and Rag1 ko mice that lack mature T and B lymphocytes.ResultsAPAP overdose resulted in significant colonic injury in WT mice (P < 0.05), which resolved by 24 h. Underlying colitis was not associated with liver necrosis, but colitis exacerbated APAP‐induced liver injury and extended APAP‐colonic injury. Prior APAP exposure exacerbated both APAP‐liver and APAP‐colonic injury more so in WT than Rag1 ko mice. APAP impaired barrier function with increased intestinal permeability and associated bacterial translocation to the liver and spleen in mice with the Winnie phenotype.ConclusionsThis study identifies novel roles for APAP in causing colitis, the amplification of APAP‐liver toxicity where there is underlying colitis, and involvement of immune memory in APAP‐toxicity. The latter could be key for decoding the poorly understood but important clinical entity of chronic APAP liver failure.
Towards hepatitis C elimination in France: Scanvir, an effective model to test and treat drug users on dedicated days
Authors: Debette‐Gratien Marilyne , François Sandrine , Chevalier Catherine , Alain Sophie , Carrier Paul , Rigaud Céline , Abraham Bruno , Burgevin Anne‐Laure , Courat Laurent , Debenes Bernard , Koffi Joseph , Caux‐Nussbaum Elisabeth , Zattoni‐Leroy Juliette , Feuillet‐Sow Gaëlle , Dumont Quentin , Nubukpo Philippe , Loustaud‐Ratti Véronique 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAccording to the French recommendations, the elimination of the hepatitis C virus by 2025 could be a realistic public health goal. Screening policies are being intensified, and access to treatment is promoted for patients who escape the usual care pathway. The ‘Scanvir’ program is an original strategy based on dedicated screening days, as part of the ‘test, treat and cure HCV’ event in addiction care centers in a French region, during which innovative screening technologies (RDTs, FibroScan® and point‐of‐care HCV RNA testing) are brought on site and access to a multidisciplinary team is offered. A total of 392 patients attended the 67 regional Scanvir sessions: 31.6% were HCV Ab‐positive and 66% of them were HCV RNA‐positive. Treatment was initiated in 79.3% of the patients. RDTs were accepted by 62% of the PWIDs (including those who already knew their status) and FibroScan® by 99.5% of the patients. 80% of the viremic patients started their treatment on site and are now cured or still under treatment. Advanced fibrosis evaluated by FibroScan® (LSM > 8 KPa) was suspected in 13.4% and 14.1% of the global and the HCV population, respectively. Scanvir is an efficient strategy for HCV elimination based on dedicated days aimed at increasing cost‐effectiveness and offering a multidisciplinary service while saving human care resources. It is an exportable strategy that also offers comprehensive screening of associated chronic liver diseases via the elastometry device and interviews.
The Effect of Consultation‐Liaison Psychiatry on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients in the General Hospital
Authors: Xie Qin , Liu Xiao‐Bo , Jing Guang‐Wu , Jiang Xue , Liu Hong , Zhong Bao‐Liang , Li Yi 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe low recognition rate of postoperative delirium has gradually aroused clinical attention in China. The present study was to investigate the impact of consultation‐liaison psychiatry on postoperative delirium in elderly hip fracture patients.MethodsFrom March 2012 to September 2013, 89 patients with hip fractures hospitalized in Wuhan Mental Health Center were included in this prospective study as the consultation‐liaison group. A total of 81 patients selected from August 2010 to February 2012 were defined as the conventional group. The delirium was evaluated using the confusion assessment method (CAM) recommended by the American Psychiatric Association guidelines.ResultsThere was no difference of sex, age, trauma, surgical methods, and anesthesia between two groups (p > 0.05). The consultation rate of consultation‐liaison group was significantly higher than that of conventional group (37.07% vs 17.28%, p < 0.05). After the consultation, there were 26 cases (78%) and nine cases (64%) of delirium in the consultation‐liaison and conventional group, respectively (p > 0.05). In the consultation‐liaison group, three patients (9.09%) were diagnosed with anxiety and three patients (9.09%) were diagnosed with depression, while in the conventional group, three patients (21.42%) were diagnosed with communication and one patient (7.14%) was diagnosed with depression. In addition, this study showed the incidence of delirium in consultation‐liaison group was significantly higher than that of conventional group (29.21% vs 11.11%, p < 0.05). The average hospital stay in consultation‐liaison group was significantly lower than that of conventional group (11.42 ± 2.63 vs. 15.17 ± 2.38 days, p < 0.01).ConclusionConsultation‐liaison psychiatry could improve the recognition rate of postoperative delirium in elderly hip fracture patients, shorten hospitalization time. The training of mental health knowledge for non‐psychiatrists could improve the ability of early identification and treatment of delirium.