bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Risk of Epilepsy Following Invasive Group B Streptococcus Disease in Neonates in Denmark
Authors: Lykke Malene Risager , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Lawn Joy Elisabeth , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceThe risk of epilepsy after neonatal invasive Group B Streptococcus (iGBS) disease, particularly iGBS sepsis, is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo examine the association between neonatal iGBS (sepsis or meningitis) and long-term risk of epilepsy, stratified by sex, prematurity, and maternal socioeconomic position (SEP).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study was conducted in Denmark with an inclusion period from 1997 through 2017 and follow-up until the end of 2018. A general population comparison cohort was randomly sampled and matched up to 10:1 to the exposed cohort. Linkage between Danish national registers were applied for data collection. Participants were infants aged 0 to 89 days. The general population comparison cohort was matched by sex, the child’s year and month of birth, and gestational age. SEP was defined by maternal income and education.ExposureHospital-diagnosed iGBS (sepsis or meningitis) during the first 89 days after birth.Outcomes and measuresEpilepsy was defined by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes and/or prescription codes for antiepileptic drugs using Danish medical registry data. Cumulative risk (CR) of epilepsy was calculated by treating death as a competing event. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% CIs. Effect modification by sex, prematurity, and maternal SEP was assessed on an additive scale.ResultsA total of 1432 children (792 [55.3%] boys; 1126 [78.6%] with gestational age ≥37 weeks) were identified with iGBS disease: 1264 with sepsis and 168 with meningitis. In the comparison cohort, there were 14 211 children (7869 [55.4%] boys; 11 260 [79.2%] with gestational age ≥37 weeks). The overall (0 to 22 years) CR of epilepsy was 3.6% (95% CI, 2.6%-5.0%) in children with iGBS disease and 2.3% (95% CI, 1.9%-2.7%) in the comparison cohort. The overall CR of epilepsy for iGBS meningitis was 15.1% (95% CI, 8.9%-22.8%) and 2.2% (95% CI, 1.4%-3.4%) for iGBS sepsis. The adjusted hazard ratio for epilepsy in children with iGBS disease was 2.04 (95% CI, 1.46-2.85). Being a boy, born premature, or born to a mother belonging to a low SEP group was associated with an increased risk of epilepsy in later childhood.ConclusionIn this population-based cohort study of 1432 neonates, iGBS disease was associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy in later childhood, notably after meningitis. Premature birth, sex, and low maternal SEP modified the association.
Association of Statin Use With Cancer- and Noncancer-Associated Survival Among Patients With Breast Cancer in Asia
Authors: Chang Wei-Ting , Lin Hui-Wen , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Li Yi-Heng 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceIn addition to protective effects on the cardiovascular system, statins may reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence owing to potential anti-inflammatory benefits. Given that patients with breast cancer in Asia are relatively younger at diagnosis and most are free from traditional cardiovascular risk factors, it is uncertain whether the use of statins can improve survival.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of statin use with cancer- and noncancer-associated survival in patients with breast cancer.Design, Setting and ParticipantsThis cohort study used the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database and National Cancer Registry to identify patients diagnosed with breast cancer from January 2012 to December 2017. Age, cancer stage, anticancer therapies, comorbidities, socioeconomic status, and cardiovascular drugs were matched by propensity score method. Statistical analyses, including Cox proportional hazards models, were performed from June 2022 to February 2023. The mean (SD) follow-up duration was 4.10 (2.96) years.InterventionsPatients receiving statins within 6 months before the diagnosis of breast cancer were compared with those not receiving statins.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes included death, heart failure, and arterial and venous events.ResultsOverall, 7451 patients (mean [SD] age, 64.3 [9.4] years) treated with statins were matched with 7451 nonusers (mean [SD] age, 65.8 [10.8] years). Compared with nonusers, statin users had a significantly lower risk of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.91; P &amp;lt; .001). Notably, the risk reduction was mainly attributed to cancer-related death (adjusted HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.92; P &amp;lt; .001). Only a small number of patients died of cardiovascular causes, and the ratios were similar between statin users and nonusers. No significant differences were observed in cardiovascular outcomes, including heart failure and arterial and venous events, between statin users and nonusers. Using a time-dependent analysis, statin users also presented a significantly lower risk of cancer-related death (adjusted HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.24-0.32; P &amp;lt; .001) than nonusers, and notably, the risk was even lower in high-dose statin (HDS) users compared with non-HDS users (HDS users: adjusted HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.98; P = .002; non-HDS users: adjusted HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.91; P = 001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of Asian patients with breast cancer, statin use was associated with a reduced risk of cancer-associated death rather than cardiovascular death. Our findings provide evidence to support the use of statins in patients with breast cancer; however, randomized studies are necessary.
Identification and Characteristics of Novel Mutations in Nonsyndromic Monogenic Obesity
Authors: Shi Ping , Shi Yingzhou , Liu Xin , Wang Shuping , Yuan Jiaxin , Zhao Wanyi , Fang Li , Wang Runbo , Yan Fang , Xu Chao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNonsyndromic monogenic obesity (NSMO) is a class of individual obesity that is independent of the environment and caused by a single gene mutation. It is mostly caused by mutations in LEP, LEPR, PCSK1, as well as some rare mutations in UCP3, NR0B2, and PPARG. Among 30 obesity patients, five patients are identified with positive gene detection. For the first time, the c.624C>T mutation associated with PCSK1, and the c.50G>A and c.293_301delinsAC mutations associated with NR0B2, as well as the obesity phenotype mutation (c.284A>G) associated with PPARG is confirmed. Following this, the genotype‐clinical phenotype, mutation hotspots, and mutation distributions of each gene are summarized, and the genetic characteristics of NSMO are analyzed. The locations of mutation c.50G>A, and c.284A>G are highly conserved according to the sequencing alignment. According to the findings, the c.624C>T mutation in PCSK1 is a newly discovered synonymous mutation, but it can result in significant early‐onset obesity. Additionally, the mutation of c.284A>G(PPARG) can lead to a variety of clinical phenotypes and the mutation of UCP3 and NR0B2 may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study enriches the human NSMO gene mutation database and provides a scientific basis for clinically accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Stopping Voltage‐Dependent PCM and RRAM‐Based Neuromorphic Characteristics of Germanium Telluride
Authors: Abbas Yawar , Ansari Sumayya M. , Taha Inas , Abunahla Heba , Khan Muhammad Umair , Rezeq Moh'd , Aldosari Haila M. , Mohammad Baker 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecently, phase change chalcogenides, such as monochalcogenides, are reported as switching materials for conduction‐bridge‐based memristors. However, the switching mechanism focused on the formation and rupture of an Ag filament during the SET and RESET, neglecting the contributions of the phase change phenomenon and the distribution and re‐distribution of germanium vacancies defects. The different thicknesses of germanium telluride (GeTe)‐based Ag/GeTe/Pt devices are investigated and the effectiveness of phase loops and defect loops future application in neuromorphic computing are explored. GeTe‐based devices with thicknesses of 70, 100, and 200 nm, are fabricated and their electrical characteristics are investigated. Highly reproducible phase change and defect‐based characteristics for a 100 nm‐thick GeTe device are obtained. However, 70 and 200 nm‐thick devices are unfavorable for the reliable memory characteristics. Upon further analysis of the Ag/GeTe/Pt device with 100 nm of GeTe, it is discovered that a state‐of‐the‐art dependency of phase loops and defect loops exists on the starting and stopping voltage sweeps applied on the top Ag electrode. These findings allow for a deeper understanding of the switching mechanism of monochalcogenide‐based conduction‐bridge memristors.
Antioxidant High‐Conductivity Copper Pastes Based on Core–Shell Copper Nanoparticles for Flexible Printed Electronics
Authors: Wang Lijing , Xia Fen , Xu Wangshu , Wang Guanghua , Hong Shuqing , Cheng Fangwen , Wu Binghui , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a nontoxic and cost‐effective material, copper pastes have attracted great attention in both academia and industry. However, achieving the long‐term stability of copper pastes remains challenging due to their susceptibility to oxidation. Therefore, stable copper nanoparticles with a Cu(0)–Cu(I) core–shell structure containing a surface passivation layer of formate ions‐involved Cu(I) coordination polymers are developed. Based on the self‐reducing nature of the passivation layer, the nanoparticle‐based copper pastes can be sintered in <1 min, showing high electrical conductivity (220 000 S cm−1), mechanical flexibility, and long‐term stability after sintering. The excellent properties of the developed copper pastes are even comparable with the ones of silver pastes. These stable copper pastes have broad applications in printed electronics (e.g., glucose sensors, RFID tags, and electromagnetic shielding films), showing great potential in the fabrication of flexible printed electronics.
Solid‐Like Slippery Coating with Highly Comprehensive Performance
Authors: Pan Weihao , Wang Qiulin , Ma Jun , Xu Wen , Sun Jing , Liu Xin , Song Jinlong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMany solar‐power and wind‐power devices in the world urgently demand self‐cleaning and de‐icing surfaces to ensure stable power generation. However, existing superhydrophobic surfaces and slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces with self‐cleaning and de‐icing functions are difficult to apply due to various defects. Herein, a novel solid‐like slippery coating (SSC) is developed by constructing a smooth epoxy resin surface embedded with oil‐stored silica nanoparticles. The SSC has excellent water‐slippery capability to various water‐based liquids with low to super‐high viscosity, excellent durability and robustness, high hardness, strong adhesive strength to substrate, good optical transparency, and easy fabrication processes. This SSC also has remarkable non‐sticking, self‐cleaning, and de‐icing performances, showing promising practical applications in solar and wind power.
RNA‐Cleaving DNAzyme‐Based Amplification Strategies for Biosensing and Therapy
Authors: Su Jiaxin , Sun Chenyang , Du Jinya , Xing Xiaotong , Wang Fang , Dong Haifeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince their first discovery in 1994, DNAzymes have been extensively applied in biosensing and therapy that act as recognition elements and signal generators with the outstanding properties of good stability, simple synthesis, and high sensitivity. One subset, RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes, is widely employed for diverse applications, including as reporters capable of transmitting detectable signals. In this review, the recent advances of RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme‐based amplification strategies in scaled‐up biosensing are focused, the application in diagnosis and disease treatment are also discussed. Two major types of RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme‐based amplification strategies are highlighted, namely direct response amplification strategies and combinational response amplification strategies. The direct response amplification strategies refer to those based on novel designed single‐stranded DNAzyme, and the combinational response amplification strategies mainly include two‐part assembled DNAzyme, cascade reactions, CHA/HCR/RCA, DNA walker, CRISPR‐Cas12a and aptamer. Finally, the current status of DNAzymes, the challenges, and the prospects of DNAzyme‐based biosensors are presented.
A‐to‐I RNA Editing in Klebsiella pneumoniae Regulates Quorum Sensing and Affects Cell Growth and Virulence
Authors: Yang Xin‐Zhuang , Sun Tian‐Shu , Jia Pei‐Yao , Li Sheng‐Jie , Li Xiao‐Gang , Shi Yanan , Li Xue , Gao Haotian , Yin Huabing , Jia Xin‐Miao , Yang Qiwen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMillions of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing events are reported and well‐studied in eukaryotes; however, many features and functions remain unclear in prokaryotes. By combining PacBio Sequel, Illumina whole‐genome sequencing, and RNA Sequencing data of two Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with different virulence, a total of 13 RNA editing events are identified. The RNA editing event of badR is focused, which shows a significant difference in editing levels in the two K. pneumoniae strains and is predicted to be a transcription factor. A hard‐coded Cys is mutated on DNA to simulate the effect of complete editing of badR. Transcriptome analysis identifies the cellular quorum sensing (QS) pathway as the most dramatic change, demonstrating the dynamic regulation of RNA editing on badR related to coordinated collective behavior. Indeed, a significant difference in autoinducer 2 activity and cell growth is detected when the cells reach the stationary phase. Additionally, the mutant strain shows significantly lower virulence than the WT strain in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Furthermore, RNA editing regulation of badR is highly conserved across K. pneumoniae strains. Overall, this work provides new insights into posttranscriptional regulation in bacteria.
Deciphering the Molecular Characteristics of Human Idiopathic Nonobstructive Azoospermia from the Perspective of Germ Cells
Authors: Chen Yidong , Liu Xixi , Zhang Li , Zhu Feiyin , Yan Liying , Tang Wenhao , Zhang Zhe , Liu Qiang , Jiang Hui , Qiao Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the most important causes of male infertility, accounting for 10–15% of infertile men worldwide. Among these, more than 70% of cases are idiopathic NOA (iNOA), whose pathogenesis and molecular basis remain unknown. This work profiles 3696 human testicular single‐cell transcriptomes from 17 iNOA patients, which are classified into four classes with different arrest periods and variable cell proportions based on the gene expression patterns and pathological features. Genes related to the cell cycle, energy production, and gamete generation show obvious abnormalities in iNOA germ cells. This work identifies several candidate causal genes for iNOA, including CD164, LELP1, and TEX38, which are significantly downregulated in iNOA germ cells. Notably, CD164 knockdown promotes apoptosis in spermatogonia. Cellular communications between spermatogonial stem cells and Sertoli cells are disturbed in iNOA patients. Moreover, BOD1L2, C1orf194, and KRTCAP2 are found to indicate testicular spermatogenic capacity in a variety of testicular diseases, such as Y‐chromosome microdeletions and Klinefelter syndrome. In general, this study analyzes the pathogenesis of iNOA from the perspective of germ cell development, transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks, as well as germ cell and somatic cell interactions, which provides new ideas for clinical diagnosis.
MOF‐on‐MOF‐Derived Hollow Co3O4/In2O3 Nanostructure for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Han Cheng , Zhang Xiaodeng , Huang Shengsheng , Hu Yue , Yang Zhi , Li Ting‐Ting , Li Qipeng , Qian Jinjie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe photocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into carbon‐based fuels or chemicals using sustainable solar energy is considered an ideal strategy for simultaneously alleviating the energy shortage and environmental crises. However, owing to the low energy utilization of sunlight and inferior catalytic activity, the conversion efficiency of CO2 photoreduction is far from satisfactory. In this study, a MOF‐derived hollow bimetallic oxide nanomaterial is prepared for the efficient photoreduction of CO2. First, a unique ZIF‐67‐on‐InOF‐1 heterostructure is successfully obtained by growing a secondary Co‐based ZIF‐67 onto the initial InOF‐1 nanorods. The corresponding hollow counterpart has a larger specific surface area after acid etching, and the oxidized bimetallic H‐Co3O4/In2O3 material exhibits abundant heterogeneous interfaces that expose more active sites. The energy band structure of H‐Co3O4/In2O3 corresponds well with the photosensitizer of [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2, which results in a high CO yield of 4828 ± 570 µmol h−1 g−1 and stable activity over a consecutive of six runs, demonstrating adequate photocatalytic performance. This study demonstrates that the rational design of MOF‐on‐MOF heterostructures can completely exploit the synergistic effects between different components, which may be extended to other MOF‐derived nanomaterials as promising catalysts for practical energy conversion and storage.
Enhancement of Extraordinary Size Effect on CaRuO3 Ultrathin Films
Authors: Sakoda M. , Kouda M. , Shinya K. , Shimoda S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn a previous report, 25 Å periodic metal–insulator transitions dependent on the thickness of CaRuO3 ultrathin films were discovered. Compared to the conventional size effect caused by quantum wells, the rate of change is a few billions of times greater at low temperatures. Although the electrical resistivity of insulating state differs by several orders with the film thickness, the enhancement trigger was not clarified. In this study, it is clarified that the magnitude of the extraordinary size effect varies with the element supply ratio owing to precise control of the molecular beam rates of calcium and ruthenium. The supplied calcium over ruthenium ratio Ca/Ru = 1.2–1.8 during CaRuO3 deposition results in a stoichiometric ratio of Ca:Ru = 1:1 on the CaRuO3 films. Calcium‐rich elemental supply conditions result in large electrical resistivity variations. Electrical resistivity oscillations with periods of T = 23.4 and 26.3 Å are observed for the growth conditions of Ca/Ru = 1.2 and 1.6, respectively. Furthermore, a flat surface with a roughness of ≈2 Å is required to observe the size effect. Thus, the insulation of an extraordinary size effect is enhanced in CaRuO3 ultrathin films grown under the condition of calcium‐rich Ca/Ru ≈ 1.6.
Agroforestry buffers on nitrogen reduction in groundwater on a grazed hillslope
Authors: Salceda Miguel , Udawatta Ranjith P. , Anderson Stephen H. , Mendis Sidath S. , Liu Fengjing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAgricultural practices often contribute to the transport of solutes into groundwater; thus, low‐cost strategies that extract nutrients from groundwater are essential to address water pollution. This study evaluated the effects of agroforestry (tree + grass; AB [cottonwood {Populus deltoides Bortr. ex Marsh.}]) and grass buffers (GB; [tall fescue Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub, Red clover {Trifolium pretense L.}, and Lespedeza {Lespedeza Michx}]) on groundwater nitrogen (N) concentrations. The experiment consisted of two grazing watersheds, one with an AB and another with a GB treatment. Buffers were not grazed since 2001. Three wells representing summit, backslope, and foot‐slope positions were installed at each watershed. Water samples were collected biweekly from November 2019 to January 2022 and analyzed for total nitrogen (TN) and dissolved N (DN). Dissolved nitrogen (DN) and TN concentrations after the AB in the foot‐slope well were 99% (5.36–0.06 mg L−1) and 85% (9.04–1.37 mg L−1) lower than the mean concentration of the summit and backslope wells. Similarly, DN and TN concentrations after the GB in the foot‐slope well were 94% (1.95–0.11 mg L−1) and 62% (2.86–1.07 mg L−1), lower than the mean concentration of the summit and backslope wells. Dissolved N concentrations were lower during warm periods probably due to plant uptake and denitrification in the buffer zone. Results showed that buffers, especially with deep‐rooted trees in the proximity of the water table, decreased TN and DN concentrations in groundwater and can be used as a conservation practice to address water pollution.
Long‐term quality of life after treatment in sinonasal malignancy: A prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Maoz Sabrina L. , Wang Eric W. , Hwang Peter H. , Choby Garret , Kuan Edward C. , Fleseriu Cara M. , Chan Erik P. , Adappa Nithin D. , Geltzeiler Mathew , Getz Anne E. , Humphreys Ian M. , Le Christopher H. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Chang Eugene H. , Jafari Aria , Kingdom Todd T. , Kohanski Michael A. , Lee Jivianne K. , Lazor Jillian W. , Nabavizadeh Ali , Nayak Jayakar V. , Palmer James N. , Patel Zara M. , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos D. , Resnick Adam C. , Smith Timothy L. , Snyderman Carl H. , St. John Maie A. , Storm Phillip B. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang Marilene B. , Sim Myung S. , Beswick Daniel M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundQuality of life (QOL) for individuals with sinonasal malignancy (SNM) is significantly under‐studied, yet it is critical for counseling and may impact treatment. In this study we evaluated how patient, treatment, and disease factors impact sinonasal‐specific and generalized QOL using validated metrics in a large cohort over a 5‐year posttreatment time frame.MethodsPatients with SNM who underwent definitive treatment with curative intent were enrolled in a prospective, multisite, longitudinal observational study. QOL was assessed using the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UWQOL) instruments at pretreatment baseline and multiple follow‐ups through 5 years posttreatment. Multivariable modeling was used to determine demographic, disease, and treatment factors associated with disease‐specific and generalized physical and social/emotional function QOL.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐four patients with SNM were analyzed. All QOL indices were impaired at pretreatment baseline and improved after treatment. SNOT‐22 scores improved 3 months and UWQOL scores improved 6 to 9 months posttreatment. Patients who underwent open compared with endoscopic tumor resection had worse generalized QOL (p < 0.001), adjusted for factors including T stage. Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) involvement was associated with worse QOL (SNOT‐22, p < 0.001; UWQOL Physical dimension, p = 0.02). Adjuvant radiation was associated with worse disease‐specific QOL (p = 0.03). Neck dissection was associated with worse generalized physical function QOL (p = 0.01). Positive margins were associated with worse generalized social/emotional function QOL (p = 0.01).ConclusionDisease‐specific and generalized QOL is impaired at baseline in patients with SNM and improves after treatment. Endoscopic resection is associated with better QOL. PPF involvement, adjuvant radiation, neck dissection, and positive margins were associated with worse QOL posttreatment.