bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chain of Responsibility in Land Transportation Associated with Overloading Activities
Authors: Setiono Dea Safira , Sabrie Hilda Yunita 
Published: March 2023

Heavy vehicles are one of the modes of land transportation in Indonesia in the activity of transporting goods. A large number of transport companies creates business competition related to the supply of freight costs. To get more profit, transportation companies practice over dimension and overloading. Overloading which is more prevalent in transportation, causes losses for various groups. One of the losses can impact workers in a transportation company where the liability for the crew of the vehicle is not regulated in detail. The existence of the principle of Chain of Responsibility in regulations regarding the transportation of heavy vehicles aims to expand the responsibility for losses incurred, such as overloading practices. This principle ensures that all subjects in the logistics chain have the duty to ensure compliance with regulations, including truck owners, transportation operators, goods senders, and goods recipients. This study discusses the responsibility of the parties in the delivery of goods related to overloading and recognizes the concept of Chain of Responsibility in transportation by land in overloading practices. The research method used is empirical juridical with a conceptual approach and a statute approach. For these problems, this study aims to analyze the accountability of the parties in overloading activities and to recognize the concept of Chain of Responsibility in land transportation in overloading practices.
Does the content quality of YouTube videos about aligners differ from the perspectives of dentists and orthodontists?
Authors: Sadry Sanaz , Meseli Suleyman Emre , Buyukbasaran Ece 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
This study aimed to content quality analysis of YouTube videos about aligners in orthodontics by a dentist and by an orthodontist.

Material and Methods:
Considering the Google Trends analysis, the “aligner,” as the most searched keyword about aligners in orthodontics, was chosen for YouTube searching. A total of 39 included videos were watched for one time by a dentist and orthodontist. Time since upload, video duration, number of views, number of likes, number of dislikes, and number of comments were recorded. Moreover, the interaction index and viewing rate were calculated and the reliability score, video content quality (VCQ), video interaction and quality index (VIQI), and global quality scales (GQS) were recorded by both viewers. Interobserver agreement levels were interpreted with the Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) and data were evaluated at P < 0.05 as the statistically significant level.

Results:
The results showed that most of the included videos (48.71%) were uploaded by dental companies. However, the averages of VCQ in terms of uploaders were similar for both viewers. The agreement level in all videos between orthodontist and dentist was “good” level at VIQI (CCC = 0.965) and GQS (CCC = 0.943), whereas it was “very poor” level on VCQ (CCC = 0.653).

Conclusion:
The findings revealed that YouTube video contents about aligners provide moderate information and VCQ, independently from viewers, is similar among uploaders. The agreement levels between dentist and orthodontist on the evaluation of audiovisual quality of the videos were good, whereas this level was poor on the evaluation of information quality of videos.
Age and gender differences in maxillary canine impaction severity and orthodontic treatment difficulty – A retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Alsmnan Abdullah , Althunayyan Abdulrahman , Alshawy Ebrahim , Almotairy Nabeel 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to compare the maxillary canine impaction severity and orthodontic treatment difficulty in relation to age and gender.

Material and Methods:
Orthopantomograms of 105 patients with maxillary canine impaction were retrospectively collected and divided into 50 adolescents (11–17 years; 30% females) and 55 young adults (18–25 years; 34% females). Canine impaction severity was determined using one angular and three linear radiographic measurements, while orthodontic treatment difficulty was determined using a modified Pitt et al. index. Age and gender differences were assessed using Chi-square with Bonferroni correction and Mann–Whitney U-tests (P < 0.05), while the association between orthodontic treatment difficulty index score and age was assessed using linear regression analysis (95% confidence interval).

Results:
Compared to young adults, adolescents had mild (<30°) canine long axis to midline angulation (P = 0.008) and distally positioned cusp tip of impacted canine relative to adjacent lateral incisor root (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, males compared to females had distally positioned cusp tip of impacted canine relative to adjacent lateral incisor root (P = 0.008), while females compared to males had the canine cusp tip mesial to lateral incisor root (P = 0.002). The orthodontic treatment difficulty trend increased with age (R2 = 0.077; P < 001) and was higher in young adults than adolescents (P = 0.0218).

Conclusion:
The severity of maxillary canine impaction was higher in young adults and, to a lesser extent, in females. Orthodontic treatment difficulty of impacted maxillary canines also increased with age but not gender.
The effects of orthodontic treatment type, depression, and treatment need on perceived pain intensity
Authors: Büyükbayraktar Zeynep Çoban , Kuruca Tuğçe Öztekin 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to evaluate how orthodontic treatment type, treatment need, and depression affect perceived pain intensity (PPI).

Material and Methods:
This prospective study included 172 patients (80 girls and 92 boys, mean age 14.32 ± 1.57 years) treated at the Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics. The patients were divided into three groups: the first group was treated with fixed orthodontic appliances, the second group was treated with twin blocks, and the third group was treated with rapid maxillary expansion and reverse headgear (RME/RH). Data were collected and classified with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Dental Health Component (DHC), Children’s Depression Scale, and Visual Analog Scale. PPI was recorded in the 1st week (T0), 2nd week (T1), the 1st month (T2), 2nd month (T3), 3rd month (T4), and the 6th month (T5).

Results:
PPI was higher in boys at T1 (P = 0.005) compared with girls. There was a significant difference of PPI between the treatment groups at T2 (P = 0.036), T3 (P = 0.012), T4 (P = 0.000), and T5 (P = 0.006). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between DHC and PPI at T3 (r = 0.182; P = 0.000), T4 (r = 0.161; P = 0.03), and T5 (r = 0.189; P = 0.000) time periods. There was no significant correlation between depression and PPI.

Conclusion:
Girls were more resistant to pain than boys. The type of treatment and the need for treatment both had an effect on PPI. Further studies are needed to investigate the effects of psychological states on PPI during orthodontic treatment.
Ambivalent Resonance: Advocacy for Secure Status for Migrant Farm Workers in Spain, Italy and Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Basok Tanya , Lopez-Sala Ana , Avalone Gennaro 
Published: March 2023

Drawing on insights from scholarship on contentious action frames, this article examines the framing of demands for social justice for migrant farmworkers in Spain, Italy and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus particularly on how activists in each country aligned their action frames with prevalent public discourses on the essential contribution migrants make to agricultural production, the need to guarantee “health for all,” and “increased vulnerability” of migrants’ lives during the global health crisis. Using these diagnostic frames, activists in the three countries called for secure legal status for all migrants. Drawing on the literature on contentious action frames, we then analyze if action frames advanced by activists during the COVID-19 pandemic “resonated” with the understanding of these issues by policymakers. We challenge an approach to understanding resonance in binary terms as either present or absent. Instead, we introduce the notion of “ambivalent resonance” to draw attention to the fact that some frames are accepted only partially or only by some policymakers but not the others, as was the case in the three countries under study. We then situate this ambivalent resonance in the context of immigration priorities and recent trends in immigration policy development in these three countries and suggest that activists can build on ambivalences to advance migrant rights to status.
Formação continuada de professoras/es da educação do campo
Authors: Dias Alder , Barreto Dilma Terezinha da Silva , Ferreira de Abreu Waldir 
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo relaciona três campos do conhecimento em educação: a política educacional, a formação continuada e a educação do campo. Tem-se como objetivo a análise das ações de formação continuada da Divisão de Educação do Campo da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Santana-AP. Consiste em uma pesquisa de abordagem predominantemente qualitativa, que se utilizou das pesquisas documental, bibliográfica, seguidas da pesquisa de campo, tendo por suporte instrumental a aplicação de entrevistas. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram três profissionais da educação lotados na referida Divisão. Compreende-se que a educação do campo apresenta particularidades inerentes à sua realidade e precisam ser consideradas dentro das políticas educacionais, inclusive no que tange à formação continuada. Aponta-se a necessidade de uma formação constante das professoras e professores da educação básica frente aos desafios da profissão, incorporando os saberes para um desenvolvimento sociocultural efetivo das escolas do campo. Entre outros apontamentos, conclui-se que a atuação dos movimentos sociais juntamente com a aplicação de estudos acadêmicos são elementos fundamentais para alcançar conquistas político-educacionais junto à educação do campo.
Palavras-chave: Política Educacional; Formação Continuada; Educação do Campo.
Long-COVID sequelae are associated with oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Stepanova N. , Korol L. , Snisar L. , Rysyev A. , Ostapenko T. , Marchenko V. , Belousova O. , Popova O. , Malashevska N. , Kolesnyk M. 
Published: March 2023

pathophysiology of long-COVID sequelae in the general population of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients has been shown to be strongly influenced by oxidative stress. However, the potential role of oxidative stress in the development of long-COVID sequelae in hemodialysis patients (HD) has never been investigated.
The present study aimed to evaluate the oxidative status of HD patients 3.5 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in relation to the presence of long-COVID sequelae and the severity of the acute phase COVID-19.
Methods. This cross-sectional cohort study included 63 HD patients with a median age of 55 (43-62.5) years and a dialysis vintage of 42 (25-73) months who had been infected with COVID-19 at least 3 months before recruitment. Patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of long-COVID sequelae: Group 1 included 31 (49.2%) HD patients with sequelae, while Group 2 included 32 (50.8%) fully recovered individuals. At 3.5 (3.2-4.6) months after the acute phase of COVID-19, malondialdehyde (MDA) and erythrocyte levels (MDAe), sulfhydryl groups (SH -groups), serum catalase activity, transferrin, and ceruloplasmin were measured. A comparison of the obtained data was performed using the Student’s test or the Mann-Whitney test according to the data distribution. A correlation was evaluated with the Spearman test.
Results. HD patients with persistent long-COVID sequelae had significantly higher concentrations of MDAs (p = 0.002), MDAe (p = 0.0006), and CTs (p = 0.02), and lower serum levels of SH-groups (p = 0.03) and ceruloplasmin (p = 0.03) compared with Group 2. The concentration of most studied indicators of pro- and antioxidant status did not depend on the severity of the acute phase COVID-19, and only catalase activity was statistically significantly related to the need for hospitalization (r = 0.59; p = 0.001), oxygen support (r = 0.44; p = 0.02), and the percentage of lung injury according to computed tomography (p = 0.03). Although the serum concentration of transferrin did not differ between the studied groups, the individual analysis showed that its value was statistically higher in HD patients with severe COVID-19 even 3.5 months after infection (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions. Long-term COVID-19 sequelae in HD patients are associated with oxidative stress. High levels of catalase activity and serum transferrin 3.5 months after COVID-19 may be a consequence of the severe course of the acute phase of the disease. The obtained data suggest that the use of antioxidants may be one of the possible strategies to treat the long-term consequences of COVID in HD patients.
Nephrotic syndrome in children: international evidence and Ukraine 2022
Authors: Fomina S. P. 
Published: March 2023

This review aimed to summarize the current recommendations for conversion treatment of children with nephrotic syndrome and to identify the specifics of therapeutic management in Ukraine.
The KDIGO guidelines of 2021 and the IPNA recommendations of 2020 and 2023, previous experience in Ukraine, and relevant clinical and legal aspects in 2022 were analyzed. Differences in the definitions of nephrotic children adopted in recent years were noted. International practice on disease conversion at the onset of nephrotic syndrome in children, steroid dependence, frequent recurrent course, and steroid resistance was summarized, and current measures of renal protection in children were presented. The spectrum of medicine used to treat nephrotic syndrome (glucocorticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, levamisole, chlorambucil, rituximab), their priority, dosage, monitoring, and duration of treatment in pediatrics depending on disease characteristics were presented. The consistency between the national treatment protocol and international recommendations for the main groups of medicines available in Ukraine was noted. In addition, the focus and limitations of treatment interventions depending on glucocorticosteroid sensitivity in Ukraine under martial law were summarized and practical points to facilitate clinical decision-making were highlighted. The urgency of establishing an adaptive guideline for the treatment of nephrotic children based on international experience and Ukrainian capabilities depending on the challenges of martial law was confirmed.
Should I Stay or Should I Go?
Authors: Dentler Klara 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Does political ambivalence increase vote switching? While the effects of ambivalence on vote switching have been investigated in the American political system, its application to multi-party systems has not been explored. To address this gap, this article investigates the effects of ambivalence on vote intention switching and vote switching in Germany's multi-party system, which has recently experienced electoral instability. Using the German Longitudinal Election Study (gles), the article teases out the mechanics of party ambivalence, leader ambivalence, and party-leader ambivalence. The results suggest that ambivalence increases the probability of voters switching parties during the pre-election campaigning period and between two consecutive elections. Ambivalence therefore has important implications for vote switching and for understanding the underlying determinants of electoral volatility in twenty-first-century politics.
Apraxia of speech with phonological alexia and agraphia following resection of the left middle precentral gyrus: illustrative case
Authors: Levy Deborah F. , Silva Alexander B. , Scott Terri L. , Liu Jessie R. , Harper Sarah , Zhao Lingyun , Hullett Patrick W. , Kurteff Garret , Wilson Stephen M. , Leonard Matthew K. , Chang Edward F. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Apraxia of speech is a disorder of speech-motor planning in which articulation is effortful and error-prone despite normal strength of the articulators. Phonological alexia and agraphia are disorders of reading and writing disproportionately affecting unfamiliar words. These disorders are almost always accompanied by aphasia.

OBSERVATIONS
A 36-year-old woman underwent resection of a grade IV astrocytoma based in the left middle precentral gyrus, including a cortical site associated with speech arrest during electrocortical stimulation mapping. Following surgery, she exhibited moderate apraxia of speech and difficulty with reading and spelling, both of which improved but persisted 6 months after surgery. A battery of speech and language assessments was administered, revealing preserved comprehension, naming, cognition, and orofacial praxis, with largely isolated deficits in speech-motor planning and the spelling and reading of nonwords.

LESSONS
This case describes a specific constellation of speech-motor and written language symptoms—apraxia of speech, phonological agraphia, and phonological alexia in the absence of aphasia—which the authors theorize may be attributable to disruption of a single process of “motor-phonological sequencing.” The middle precentral gyrus may play an important role in the planning of motorically complex phonological sequences for production, independent of output modality.
Extraoral anterior approach for the treatment of os odontoideum: illustrative case
Authors: Farrar Jacob M. , Grasso Mackenzie , Placide Rick J. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Os odontoideum is typically treated with instrumented fusion through a posterior cervical approach. When this approach fails, limited options for revision are available. Occipitocervical fusion and transoral anterior fusions have been utilized in the past but are associated with high morbidity and complications.

OBSERVATIONS
Here the authors report a case of os odontoideum that was treated with an anterior cervical extraoral approach after failed posterior instrumented fusion. They discuss the challenges that can be encountered with the failure of fusion and the limited options when it comes to approach and fixation of os odontoideum.

LESSONS
To the authors’ knowledge and based on a review of the literature, this case represents the first use of an anterior extraoral prevascular approach to the high cervical spine to address os odontoideum. They demonstrate that this approach can be utilized as a reasonable alternative to transoral surgery and should be considered in cases where additional or alternative fixation is desired without the morbidity and complications associated with occipitocervical fusion or a transoral approach, especially in a younger patient population.
Spontaneous rhinorrhea: a possible concealing initial symptom of ecchordosis physaliphora. Illustrative case
Authors: Castello Ruiz Maria Jose , Alsavaf Mohammad Bilal , Fadel Michael , Salem Eman H. , Mongkolkul Kittichai , Naksen Pakjira , Godil Saniya S. , Otto Bradley A. , Carrau Ricardo L. , Prevedello Daniel M. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND
Spontaneous rhinorrhea may be the initial manifestation of ecchordosis physaliphora (EP). There are currently 47 published cases of symptomatic EP, with spontaneous rhinorrhea being one of the most prevalent symptoms. The authors report 1 case as a cause of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula.

OBSERVATIONS
A 46-year-old woman presented to the authors’ clinic with meningitis secondary to nasal CSF leakage. The computed tomography (CT) scan indicated an imperceptibly thin/dehiscent focus along the posterior wall of the sphenoid air cell’s midline. A tumor was identified during endoscopic endonasal CSF repair surgery. EP was diagnosed in the frozen and final pathology.

LESSONS
EP should be considered as a potential cause of spontaneous rhinorrhea. This initial clinical manifestation accounts for 35% of symptomatic EP cases. The prepontine and posterior sphenoid sinus wall appear to be the locations with the highest susceptibility. Surgical therapy of the fistula without excision of the lesion may result in insufficient issue resolution and recurrence.
Modified Layered Double Hydroxide Mg/M3+ (M3+ = Al and Cr) Using Metal Oxide (Cu) as Adsorbent for Methyl Orange and Methyl Red Dyes
Authors: Wijaya Alfan , Siregar Patimah Mega Syah Bahar Nur , Badri Arini Fousty , Palapa Neza Rahayu , Amri Amri , Ahmad Nur , Lesbani Aldes 
Published: March 2023

Mg/Cr-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Cr-LDH) and Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) intercalated metal oxide (Mg/Cr-Cu and Mg/Al-Cu) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method which is indicated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis. Mg/Cr-LDH intercalated metal oxide increased its surface area from 21.5 to 38.9 m2/g, while the surface area of Mg/Al-LDH from 23.2 to 30.5 m2/g. The adsorption capacity of Mg/Cr-Cu is 64.156 mg/g for methyl orange (MO) and 78.740 mg/g for methyl red (MR), and the adsorption capacity of Mg/Al-Cu is 97.087 mg/g for MO and 108.696 mg/g for MR. Equilibrium time on the adsorption process occurred at 90 minutes with adsorption kinetics followed by pseudo-second-order (PSO). The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm equation. Data of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption process in this study occurs spontaneously and endothermically. The regeneration results show that Mg/Cr-Cu and Mg/Al-Cu can be used for the 5 cycles regeneration process of MO and MR adsorption process. Interactions that occur between adsorbents and adsorbate include physical interactions, interactions with the involvement of hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions.
Evaluation of Laboratory Results with Data from Bio-Speedy Respiratory Panel 2 in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19-Suspected Patients Having PCR(-) Results
Authors: HOCANLI İclal , GÜNAK Faruk , KARAAĞAÇ Leman 
Published: March 2023

Objective: The distinction between COVID-19 and other respiratory infections can be difficult during the flu and winter seasons. The aim of this study is to detect bacterial/viral microorganisms in nasopharyngeal swab samples and to evaluate routine laboratory results of patients with PCR (-) but suspected covid 19.
Methods: Between 1 July 2021 and 31 December 2021, 78 patients who were hospitalized and followed up in the suspected Covid service were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as those with and without growth on the respiratory panel. Laboratory, demographic and radiological data were compared between groups.
Results: C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin levels were found to be statistically significantly higher in the group with growth on the respiratory panel compared to the group without growth (p= .05, p= .041, respectively). Reproduction was detected in nasopharyngeal swab samples taken in 56.4% of the patients. More than half of the patients were radiologically defined as CO-RADS 3.
Conclusion: It should not be forgotten that other respiratory viral and bacterial infections that mimic the COVID-19 clinic are also commonly observed during this period.