bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testostérone and Positive Dimension in Schizophrenia
Authors: Bouguerra I. , Khelifa E. , Adouni A. , Sellaouti Y. , Ben Ammar H. , Mnif L. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionSchizophrenia is characterised by a loss of contact with reality due to the presence in its symptomatology of a delusional and/or hallucinatory syndrome, also called positive symptoms and/or a dissociative syndrome, which reflects the negative component of the disease. Few studies suggest a probable link between testosterone and the symptomatic dimension of schizophrenia, but this subject remains poorly documented.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe Testosterone profile in male patients with schizophrenia who are naïve to antipsychotic treatment or have been off it for at least two months and to investigate the relationship between testosterone levels and disease severity.MethodsThis was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of fifty male patients hospitalized for a psychotic relapse who were naïve or discontinuing treatment for at least two months. Patients were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire and The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A blood sample was taken to measure testosterone level.ResultsThe age of the patients included ranged from 17 to 65 years, with an average of 36.4±11.51 years. The PANSS score ranged from 50 to 195 with a mean of 116.76 +/- 31.817. Testosterone values ranged from 2.01 to 10.03 ng/ml with a mean of 4.74± 2.01 ng/ml. The majority had normal testosterone levels (94%) ; only 4% had high values and 2% had low values. A positive correlation was found between the positive component of PANSS and elevated testosterone (p=0.011). For the other subscales, no correlation with testosterone levels.ConclusionsThe present study is in favour of a testosterone aggravation of the mostly positive clinical signs of the disease in a significant way. Hormone assays could thus be a specific marker of certain patient profile with a particular evolution.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Borderline personality disorder in Irish Travellers: a cross-sectional study of an ultra-high-risk group
Authors: Tong K. , Costello S. , McCabe E. , Doherty A. M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionIrish Travellers are recognised as a minority ethnic group in Ireland. While mental health services are available to Travellers, these services are often perceived as inadequate at addressing the mental health needs of this population. Studies have shown that there is a higher prevalence of mental disorders in the Traveller community in Ireland compared to the general Irish public. However, it is unclear if Travellers are at a higher risk of developing personality disorders, particularly borderline personality disorder.ObjectivesThis study will examine the prevalence of borderline personality disorder and other mental disorders in Travellers attending a community mental health service in Tuam, County Galway. This study will also investigate the biopsychosocial interventions delivered to this cohort and the clinical outcome following the interventions.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. Travellers who were active caseloads on the register of the community mental health service in Tuam were included in this study. Chart reviews were carried out on all samples included in this study.ResultsA total of 59 active patients were included in this study. The Traveller community formed 14.4% (59 out of 410) of the active caseloads of the Tuam mental health service. There were more male than female Travellers who attended the service. Mean age was 36 years old. The most common mental disorder in this study cohort is depressive episode (F32). This is followed by mixed anxiety and depressive disorder (F41.2). A significant minority (9, 15.3%) of the study participants were given a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. 9 study participants await diagnostic clarification. Nearly one-fifth (18%, n=9) of the study participants with a diagnosis had been given a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Over 50% of the study participants were on at least 3 different medications from at least 2 different classes of psychotropics.ConclusionsThis study shows that there is a significant overrepresentation of Travellers attending the community mental health service in Tuam. The findings from this study can be used to plan future service development projects to better meet the needs of this unique population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Outpatient management of REM sleep behavior disorder case in Brunner syndrome
Authors: Cesari E. , Ochandiano I. , Mena J. I. , Salmeron S. , Gaig C. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionBrunner syndrome is a recessive X-linked disorder characterized by impulsive aggressiveness and mild mental retardation associated with Monoamine Oxidase – A (MAOA) deficiency (Brunner et al. Science 1993; 262 578-580).ObjectivesTo present a REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) case in a patient with Brunner syndrome.MethodsThe present study is a case report of a patient followed in our hospital’s outpatient care. We also searched for previous case reports of sleep disorders and other clinical features in Brunner syndrome using a pubmed query.ResultsA 46-year-old Spanish male, diagnosed with Brunner syndrome due to the mutation c.1438A>G/iVS14-2 A>G, a loss-of-function mutation in the X-linked MAOA gene. He suffers from mild mental retardation and psychotic disturbances treated with SSRI and antipsychotic drugs. The patient was referred to our outpatient care to assess his sleep abnormal behaviors. He had been presenting with episodes of sleep-related vocalization and complex motor behaviors during sleep for the last 3 years, correlating with dream mentation. His relatives recounted episodes of talking, screaming, gesturing, kicking, falling out of bed and crying during sleep. Dream content referred by the patient was often related to persecutions, attacks and fights.Polysomnography revealed vocalization and gesticulation during REM sleep compatible with the diagnosis of RBD. The addition of clonazepam to his treatment at doses of 1-3 mg per day achieved significant clinical response of the sleep disorder.ConclusionsThe clinical presentation suggested the diagnosis of RBD case in a patient with Brunner syndrome. Although sleep disorders are not one of the most important or frequent clinical features in Brunner syndrome, they are described in the literature and can significantly affect the patient’s quality of life. To our knowledge, this is the first report about clinical management of RBD case in Brunner syndrome.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Another Tragic Pandemic Strikes: It Is Suicide
Authors: Petta J. , Falcão A. L. , Soares G. , Lourenço A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAnother pandemic besides COVID-19 stalks the land. This one takes a heavy toll on the young.Suicide occurs throughout the lifespan and is the second leading cause of death among 15-29 years old globally.ObjectivesThe objective of this review is to highlight for another tragic pandemic, with main emphasis on the preventable character.MethodsData was obtained through an internet-based literature review, using the research platform Pubmed and the World Health Organization website. Seven articles from the last two years were included.ResultsImproved surveillance and monitoring of suicide attempts and self-harm is a core element of suicide prevention and desirable worldwide.A public health surveillance system based on medical records would provide and disseminate data that would guide and prioritize the best interventions in each context and contribute to an effective overall suicide prevention strategy.ConclusionsClose to 800 000 people die due to suicide every year, which is one person every 40 seconds.According to current data, for each adult who died by suicide there may have been more than 20 others attempting suicide.Effective and evidence-based interventions can be implemented to prevent suicide and suicide attempts.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Personal beliefs versus evidence-based decisions: vaccination behavior and doubts about antidepressants of students of medicine are affected by conspiracy theories
Authors: Pisl V. , Kestlerova D. , Losak J. , Skorkovsky T. , Vevera J. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWhen medical professionals are obliged to adhere to lege artis and evidence-based decision-making, they need to interpret available evidence. As a complex cognitive process, however, such interpretation may be affected by socio-cognitive biases and predispositions. For instance, the conspiracy mentality (the general readiness to believe in conspiracy theories) or biological determinism (the belief that human lives are determined biologically) affect attitudes to antidepressant medication and vaccination in the public. Little is known about the effects of these variables on the decision-making of clinicians or students of medicine.ObjectivesThe study examines the effects of conspiracy mentality (CM), covid-related conspiracy beliefs (CCBs), and biological determinism (BD) on the doubts students of medicine have about antidepressants and on their uptake of the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine.MethodsCM, CCBs and BD were measured in May 2022 in a sample of 179 students of medicine (115 females), using the Conspiracy Mentality Questionnaire by Bruder et al. (2013), set of items measuring CCBs developed by Imhoff and Laberty (2021), and the Biological Basis scale by Bastian and Haslam (2006), respectively. The doubts about antidepressants were measured by the Antidepressant Conspiracy Scale by Natoli et al. (2021) tapping participants’ beliefs that drugs and antidepressants specifically are ineffective and promoted and prescribed for financial gains. Logistic and linear regression models were used to predict respondents’ vaccine uptake and doubts about antidepressants.ResultsBooster vaccine uptake was predicted by BD (OR = 1.45; p < .05) and CCBs (OR = .73; p < .05), together explaining 7% of the variance. Booster vaccine uptake was not predicted by CM.Doubts about antidepressant medication were predicted by CM (b = .17, p < .001) but not BD (p = .89), together explaining 10% of the variance.ConclusionsThe doubts students of medicine have about antidepressants and their vaccination behavior was predicted by their biological determinism, belief in conspiracy theories and general conspiracy mentality. Although the relationships were weak, they support claims that health-related beliefs and behaviors of students of medicine are related to their implicit beliefs and socio-cognitive predispositions. These personal factors may therefore affect their professional decision-making and should be addressed in medical education.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Gambling disorder and other behavioral addictions: mechanisms, recognition and treatment
Authors: Goudriaan A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGambling disorder was reclassified as a first behavioral addiction in the DSM-5 in 2013. In 2018, gaming disorder was included in the ICD-11. In this presentation, research findings regarding the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms in gambling disorder and other behavioral addictions are highlighted. Specifically, neural and behavioral responses regarding reward expectation, reward outcomes, and the role of specific mechanisms in gambling like near wins, and in gaming, like lootboxes are highlighted. Besides the recognition of gambling disorder, the broader perspective of gambling harms is highlighted and related to psychosocial, financial, and health consequences. The perspective of interaction between human design factors (e.g. psychological and neurobiological mechanisms, such as decision making, reward processing) and gambling design factors (e.g. near wins, multiline betting) is reviewed. Evidence with regard to psychological and pharmacological interventions are discussed and future directions for research perspectives are discussed.Disclosure of InterestA. Goudriaan Grant / Research support from: Anna Goudriaan received grants from the Dutch Foundation for Scientific Research (NWO and ZonMw) and from VCVGZ Foundation
Apelin-13 and Asprosin in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa and Their Association with Psychometric and Metabolic Variables
Authors: Jowik K. , Dmitrzak-Węglarz M. , Pytlińska N. , Jasińska-Mikołajczak A. , Słopień A. , Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a widespread, metabo-psychiatric disorder with high relapse rates, comorbidity, and mortality. Many regulatory proteins and neurohormones studied to date play essential roles in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders and the maintenance of psychopathological symptoms. Nevertheless, the regulatory and pathophysiological mechanisms of AN are still poorly understood.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the plasma levels of asprosin (ASP) and apelin-13 (APE-13) in malnourished (AN1) and partially cured (AN2) adolescent patients with AN. Correlations between protein levels and several dimensions of AN symptomatology, such as eating disorder, depressive, and obsessive compulsive symptoms, were investigated.MethodsSixty-four patients aged 11–18 years admitted to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the acute phase of AN participated in the study. Between the 1st and 3rd days of admission, patients with AN (AN1) underwent psychometric evaluation, height and weight assessment, and 15 mL of blood was drawn. The same procedures were repeated at a second time point about 11.2 ± 2.3 weeks later, after partial normalization of body weight on the day of discharge (AN2). The control group (CG) normal-weight girls with no history of psychiatric disorders, recruited from among the students of a local school. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CYBOCS), were used to assess eating disorder symptoms, depression, obsessions and compulsions. Patients were included in a nutritional rehabilitation program. Daily caloric intake was 2000–2500 kcal and was gradually increased to 3500–4000 kcal depending on weight gain (1.0–1.5 kg per week).ResultsAPE-13 levels were higher in the AN1 group than in the post-realimentation and the CG group. APE-13 levels were independent of insulin and glucose levels. Plasma ASP levels increased with increasing body weight in patients with AN, correlating with the severity of eating disorder symptoms in emaciation.Image:Image 2:Image 3:ConclusionsThe presented data suggest that APE-13 and ASP may be AN’s biomarkers-regulation of eating behavior by APE-13 and ASP, the close relationship between them and emotional behavior, and changes in neurohormone levels in patients with eating and affective disorders seem to support these hypotheses. Moreover, their plasma levels seem to be related to the severity of psychopathological symptoms of eating disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Estimating accelerated biological ageing using machine learning and metabolomics data in people with mental disorders
Authors: Mutz J. , Lewis C. M. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAccelerated biological ageing might contribute to the higher prevalence of age-related diseases and excess mortality amongst individuals with mental disorders. Recent advances in machine learning and the collection of high-dimensional molecular “omics” data allow for the quantification of biological age.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to use machine learning methods to predict biological age from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomics data and to identify psychiatric traits associated with accelerated biological ageing.MethodsThe UK Biobank is a multicentre community-based observational study that recruited >500,000 middle-aged and older adults. 168 metabolomic measures were quantified using the Nightingale Health platform. Phase 1 release of these data included a random subset of 118,462 UK Biobank participants. Metabolomic age delta (MetaboAgeΔ) was defined as the difference between predicted biological age and observed chronological age. We estimated group differences in MetaboAgeΔ between individuals with and without mental disorders and examined whether polygenic scores for mental disorders predicted MetaboAgeΔ.ResultsUp to 110,780 participants with complete data on all metabolomic measures were included in the analysis. Individuals with a history of mental disorders had higher MetaboAgeΔ values than people without a mental illness. For example, MetaboAgeΔ suggested that the difference between predicted biological age and observed chronological age was about two-years greater amongst individuals with bipolar disorder than amongst people without mental illness. Polygenic scores for mental disorders were positively correlated with MetaboAgeΔ.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that individuals with a history of mental disorders or with higher polygenic scores for mental disorders were biologically older than their chronological age.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cost-effectiveness of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies for mental disorders
Authors: McCrone P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMental health problems have a substantial economic impact across the world. Those who have their problems detected may receive therapies (usually medication or psychological) or who packages of care (for example, early intervention or residential support). Some problems are transient while others will remain across the life course. Costs are closely associated with care received and it may be that costs need to rise in order to provide adequate support. Economic costs also occur due to lost opportunities such as work and leisure. This talk will summarise recent estimates of the cost of mental health problems in a number of countries.Establishing total costs does not tell us how to use limited resources. This requires the use of economic evaluation methods such as cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses. There is a growing evidence base from such evaluations for many psychological and pharmacological interventions and recent key findings will be discussed. The need for long-term, life course approaches to economic evaluation of mental health interventions will be proposed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Pain flashbacks: The role of intrusive pain symptoms in posttraumatic chronic pain
Authors: Tsur N. , Katz C. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionFindings demonstrate the high comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain following exposure to trauma. In exposure to child abuse (CA) in particular, findings imply that CA survivors are at a higher risk of suffering from chronic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms of these processes are yet to be uncovered.ObjectivesThis study examined a new mechanism pertaining to the potential role of intrusive pain flashbacks for explaining the link between CA, C/PTSD, and chronic pain following interpersonal trauma.MethodsA community sample of 430 women (Sample A), and a sample of 164 women who were exposed to CA (Sample B) completed questionnaires assessing pain flashbacks, CA, C/PTSD symptoms, the experience of pain during the trauma, and chronic pain.ResultsThe findings showed that 8.9% of Sample A (N = 36), and 23.1% of Sample B (N = 37) reported experiencing pain flashbacks. In both samples, participants who experienced pain flashbacks reported more severe C/PTSD (p<0.001), compared to participants who experienced flashbacks without pain and those who did not experience pain flashbacks. Participants who experienced pain flashbacks reported more pain during CA (p = 0.001), which corresponded with the pain flashbacks areas (Figure 1). Finally, pain flashbacks were correlated with a higher risk of suffering from chronic pain in Sample B (p=0.002).Image:ConclusionsThe findings of this study reveal that pain flashbacks are associated with more rampant CA and are linked to greater psychopathology. The findings call for further investigation of the role of pain flashbacks in explaining the link between exposure to trauma, C/PTSD and later chronic pain.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Mentation processes such as excessive mind wandering, rumination, and mindfulness mediate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and anxiety and depression in adults with ADHD
Authors: Kandeğer A. , Odabaş Ünal S. , Ergün M. T. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionExcessive mind wandering is a common feature of ADHD in adulthood also referred to as mental restlessness and ceaseless mental overactivity. ADHD is a predisposing factor for many psychiatric symptoms, especially negative emotions such as depression and anxiety. Rumination is thought to be a mediator for depression in individuals with ADHD. The above-mentioned mental processes may reduce the ability of individuals with ADHD to be mindful.ObjectivesThis study investigates whether the mentation processes (excessive mind wandering, rumination, mindfulness) mediate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and anxiety, and depression in adults with ADHD.MethodsMedication-free 175 individuals with ADHD who were referred to the Adult Neurodevelopmental Disorders Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Selçuk University were invited to the study. After initial diagnostic examination including The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID 5), all participants completed a test battery that included a sociodemographic form, the Adult ADHD Severity Rating Scale, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, the Mind Excessively Wandering Scale, the Ruminative Response Scale, and the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory. The data of 159 patients whose ADHD diagnosis was confirmed, who did not have any mood episodes and psychotic symptoms at the time of inclusion of the study, and who filled out the forms completely, were included in the analysis. The study was approved by the Selçuk University Local Ethics Committee.ResultsParticipants ages ranged from 18 to 39 (mean of 22.93 ± 4.36), and 57.2% (n = 91) were women. Also, their 48.6% (n = 77) reported that they alcohol use, and 21.1% (n = 34) had substance use history. According to SCID 5 interview, participants 64.2% had comorbid psychiatric conditions. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that ADHD symptoms, rumination, excessive mind wandering, anxiety, and depression scores were significantly positively correlated with each other, but all were negatively correlated with mindfulness. Linear regression analysis showed mindfulness association with rumination, excessive mind wandering, anxiety, and depression scores, but not with ADHD symptoms. Thereupon, a conducted mediation regression analysis showed that ADHD symptoms indirectly worsened depression and anxiety through increased rumination and excessive mind wandering, and decreased mindfulness ability (Figure 1).Image:ConclusionsAdults with ADHD have distressing mentation patterns which worsened their anxiety and depression. Mindfulness-based cognitive behavioral therapy modalities may help improve excessive mind wandering and rumination in ADHD. Our findings should be warranted in future studies of functional brain connectivity patterns that may serve as a mentation endophenotypes in ADHD.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared