Indek Kualitas Air dan Dampak terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat Sekitar Sungai Karang Mumus, Samarinda
Authors: Pramaningsih Vita , Yuliawati Ratna , Sukisman Sukisman , Hansen Hansen , Suhelmi Reni , Daramusseng Andy 
Published: September 2023

Latar belakang: Indeks Kualitas Air (IKA) menunjukan kondisi kualitas air di suatu wilayah berdasarkan status mutu air hasil dari pengukuran parameter fisika, kimia dan bakteriologis suatu perairan baik sungai maupun danau. Aktivitas masyarakat di sekitar Sungai Karang Mumus dari hulu hingga hilir berupa industri tahu tempe, pertanian, peternakan, pemukiman bantaran yang padat, pasar, sebagian terdapat hotel, mall dan Rumah Sakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung IKA dan dampak kesehatan masyarakat. Metode: Metode dalam kajian ini menggunakan deskriptif melalui pendekatan kuantitatif yang menghitung IKA dari hasil status mutu air. Parameter kualitas air yang diperiksa antara lain pH, oksigen terlarut (DO), Kebutuhan Oksigen Biologi (BOD), Kebutuhan Oksigen Kimiawi (COD), Padatan Tersuspensi Total (TSS), Nitrat (NO3-N), Total Fosfat (T-Phosphat) dan Fecal Coliform (Fecal Coli). Titik pengambilan sampel dari hulu hingga hilir Sungai Karang Mumus sebanyak 8 titik yaitu Tanah Datar, Waduk Benanga, Gunung Lingai, Jembatan Gelatik, Jembatan S. Parman, Jembatan Perniagaan, Jembatan I dan Jembatan Arif Rahman Hakim. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan metode purposive sampling untuk mengambil sampel responden guna melihat dampak Kesehatan masyarakat yang tinggal di bantaran sungai. Pertimbangan utama dalam metode ini adalah memilih responden yang secara khusus mewakili populasi yang diinginkan. Jumlah responden yang diambil sebanyak 64 orang.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa IKA Sungai Karang Mumus masuk kategori kurang dengan 1 lokasi memenuhi, 2 cemar ringan, 4 cemar sedang dan 1 cemar berat. Dampak kesehatan masyarakat yang banyak ditemukan adalah 23,44% (15 orang) menderita diare, 6,25% (4 orang) disentri dan 70,31% (45 orang) iritasi kulit.Simpulan: IKA sungai hendaknya dipertahankan untuk menjaga kualitas air agar memenuhi standar kesehatan dan ekosistem seimbang. Pemerintah, industri dan masyarakat memiliki peran penting dalam melakukan pengendalian pencemaran air. Kondisi sanitasi lingkungan tempat tinggal dan perilaku hidup bersih, sehat di masyarakat sangat mendukung meningkatnya kesehatan masyarakat. ABSTRACT Title: Water Quality Index and Public Health Impacts around Karang Mumus River, SamarindaBackground: The Water Quality Index (WQI) shows the condition of water quality in an area based on the status of water quality as a result of measuring the physical, chemical, and bacteriological parameters of water, both rivers and lakes. Community activities around the Karang Mumus River from upstream to downstream include tofu and tempeh industries, agriculture, livestock, dense suburban settlements, markets, some hotels, malls, and hospitals. The purpose of this study was to calculate the WQI and its public health impact.Method: Method that used in this research is descriptive with a quantitative approach by calculating WQI from the results of water quality status. The water quality parameters examined include pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Nitrate (NO3-N), Total Phosphate (T-Phosphate) and Fecal Coliform (Fecal Coli). The sampling points from upstream to downstream of the Karang Mumus River were 8 points are Tanah Datar, Waduk Benanga, Gunung Lingai, Gelatik Bridge, S. Parman Bridge, Perniagaan Bridge, Jembatan I and Arif Rahman Hakim Bridge. The main consideration in this method is to select respondents who specifically represent the desired population. The number of respondents taken as many as 64 people .Result: The results showed that the Karang Mumus River WQI was in the poor category with 1 location satisfied, 2 lightly polluted, 4 moderately polluted, and 1 heavily polluted. The public health impacts that were found were 23,44% (15 people) suffering from diarrhea, 6,25% (4 people) suffering from dysentery, and 70,31% (45 people) skin irritations.Conclusion: River Water Quality Index must be kept to maintain water quality in order to meet Health standards and a balanced ecosystem. Government, industry and society have an important role in controlling water pollution. Sanitation conditions in the living environment, clean and healthy living behavior in the community strongly supports the improvement of public health.