bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of the Shaping Ability of Five Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary File Systems in Simulated Canals
Authors: BİLGİN Ömer , ALTUNBAŞ Demet 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the simulated canal shaping efficiencies of five different NiTi rotary file systems.
Materials and Methods: In the study, 100 transparent resin blocks with J-shaped canals were randomly divided into five groups (n=20). Simulated canals were shaped with VDW.Rotate (VR), TruNatomy (TRN), HyFlex CM (HF), EdgeFile X7 (EF), or ProTaper Next (PTN) files. Ten measuring points were detected on the pre- and post-preparation images taken from the blocks and superimposed. After preparation, the total canal width and the amount of transportation were calculated for the determined measuring levels. Zipping and ledge formation, instrument fracture and deformation, and change in working length were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey test, Chi-Square test, and a Monte Carlo version of the Fisher Exact tests. The error level was taken as 0.05.
Results: There were significant differences between the groups at all measuring levels in terms of total canal width after instrumentation (p = 0.001). Significant differences in the amount of transportation were found between the groups (p = 0.001) except at levels 4 (p = 0.169) and 10 (p = 0.054). Zip and instrument fractures did not occur in any group. 3 EF size 25/.04 files were deformed (p = 0.021). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of ledge formation and working length change (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: According to findings obtained in the study, transportation occurred at all 10 measuring levels with all file systems used. HF and EF systems were found to be more reliable in terms of transportation in the middle and coronal regions. Wider canal preparation was obtained with the PTN system in the middle and coronal regions.
Cobalt Iron-Metal Organic Framework Coordinated to CMC Aerogel by Solvothermal Method and Application to Tetracycline Antibiotics Adsorption
Authors: Tran Thi Kim Ngan , Nguyen Van Phuoc , Tran A Chau , Le Thi Hong Nhan , Tran Thi Thanh Ngan 
Published: December 2022

In order to minimize the adverse impacts on the aquatic environment after treatment process, several attempts have been made to develop biodegradable, easy-to-recover, and environmentally friendly materials. The metal-organic framework material (CoFe-MOF) was developed in the CMC aerogel matrix by solvothermal method and applied in tetracycline antibiotic (TCC) adsorption. The morphological and structural properties of the materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), and (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) (BET) to identify the crystals formed relative to the pristine MOF. The effects of various factors of the adsorption process such as time, pH, amount of adsorbent, and initial concentration of antibiotics were investigated. Results have shown that the adsorption capacity was 188.7 mg.g-1 at pH 4, the initial TCC concentration of 80 g.L-1 and equilibration time of 120 min. The experimental data describing the antibiotic adsorption process follows the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal model. The CoFe-MOF aerogel material can recover and reuse all four cycles, thus it can be considered as a promising material for environmental remediation and other applications. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Performance of Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Models Among People Living With HIV
Authors: Soares Cullen , Kwok Michael , Boucher Kent-Andrew , Haji Mohammed , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Longenecker Christopher T. , Bloomfield Gerald S. , Ross David , Jutkowtiz Eric , Sullivan Jennifer L. , Rudolph James L. , Wu Wen-Chih , Erqou Sebhat 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceExtant data on the performance of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score models in people living with HIV have not been synthesized.ObjectiveTo synthesize available data on the performance of the various CVD risk scores in people living with HIV.Data SourcesPubMed and Embase were searched from inception through January 31, 2021.Study SelectionSelected studies (1) were chosen based on cohort design, (2) included adults with a diagnosis of HIV, (3) assessed CVD outcomes, and (4) had available data on a minimum of 1 CVD risk score.Data Extraction and SynthesisRelevant data related to study characteristics, CVD outcome, and risk prediction models were extracted in duplicate. Measures of calibration and discrimination are presented in tables and qualitatively summarized. Additionally, where possible, estimates of discrimination and calibration measures were combined and stratified by type of risk model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMeasures of calibration and discrimination.ResultsNine unique observational studies involving 75 304 people (weighted average age, 42 years; 59 490 male individuals [79%]) living with HIV were included. In the studies reporting these data, 86% were receiving antiretroviral therapy and had a weighted average CD4+ count of 449 cells/μL. Included in the study were current smokers (50%), patients with diabetes (5%), and patients with hypertension (25%). Ten risk prediction scores (6 in the general population and 4 in the HIV-specific population) were analyzed. Most risk scores had a moderate performance in discrimination (C statistic: 0.7-0.8), without a significant difference in performance between the risk scores of the general and HIV-specific populations. One of the HIV-specific risk models (Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs Cohort 2016) and 2 of the general population risk models (Framingham Risk Score [FRS] and Pooled Cohort Equation [PCE] 10 year) had the highest performance in discrimination. In general, models tended to underpredict CVD risk, except for FRS and PCE 10-year scores, which were better calibrated. There was substantial heterogeneity across the studies, with only a few studies contributing data for each risk score.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that general population and HIV-specific CVD risk models had comparable, moderate discrimination ability in people living with HIV, with a general tendency to underpredict risk. These results reinforce the current recommendations provided by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines to consider HIV as a risk-enhancing factor when estimating CVD risk.
Patient Portals to Support Care Partner Engagement in Adolescent and Adult Populations
Authors: Gleason Kelly T. , Peereboom Danielle , Wec Aleksandra , Wolff Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2022

ImportanceFamily and other unpaid care partners may bridge accessibility challenges in interacting with the patient portal, but the extent and nature of this involvement is not well understood.ObjectiveTo inform an emerging research agenda directed at more purposeful inclusion of care partners within the context of digital health equity by (1) quantifying care partners’ uptake and use of the patient portal in adolescent and adult patients, (2) identifying factors involving care partners’ portal use across domains of the System Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, and (3) assessing evidence of perceived or actual outcomes of care partners’ portal use.Evidence ReviewFollowing Arksey and O’Malley’s methodologic framework, a scoping review of manuscripts published February 1 and March 22, 2022, was conducted by hand and a systematic search of PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science. The search yielded 278 articles; 125 were selected for full-text review and 41 were included.FindingsFew adult patient portal accounts had 1 or more formally registered care partners (&amp;lt;3% in 7 of 7 articles), but care partners commonly used the portal (8 of 13 contributing articles reported &amp;gt;30% use). Care partners less often authored portal messages with their own identity credentials (&amp;lt;3% of portal messages in 3 of 3 articles) than with patient credentials (20%-60% of portal messages in 3 of 5 articles). Facilitators of care partner portal use included markers of patient vulnerability (13 articles), care partner characteristics (15 articles; being female, family, and competent in health system navigation), and task-based factors pertaining to ease of information access and care coordination. Environmental (26 articles) and process factors (19 articles, eg, organizational portal registration procedures, protection of privacy, and functionality) were identified as influential to care partner portal use, but findings were nuanced and precluded reporting on effects. Care partner portal use was identified as contributing to both patient and care partner insight into patient health (9 articles), activation (7 articles), continuity of care (8 articles), and convenience (6 articles).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this scoping review, care partners were found to be infrequently registered for the patient portal and more often engaged in portal use with patient identity credentials. Formally registering care partners for the portal was identified as conferring potential benefits for patients, care partners, and care quality.
Numerical simulation of the cyclic‐loading behavior of steel chevron‐braced moment‐resisting frames
Authors: Dias Ilanildo , Seki Akiri , Okazaki Taichiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA computational study was conducted to examine the seismic performance of steel moment‐resisting frames (MRFs) provided with chevron concentric braces. Such steel systems are widely used for buildings in Japan. Nonlinear finite‐element‐method models were validated against data and observations from previously tested chevron‐braced MRF specimens. The validated models were used to conduct a parametric study to understand how the cyclic‐loading performance of chevron‐braced MRFs may be affected by the torsional and translational restraint of the beam intersected by braces, the relative strength of the beam with respect to the braces, and the type of bracing connection. The results suggest that the lack of bracing of the beam intersected by braces may not be detrimental to the global hysteretic behavior of the structural system, although out‐of‐plane buckling of the braces can cause severe inelastic lateral‐torsional deformation of the beam. The torsional moment delivered by the braces was evaluated for the unfavorable arrangement where the bracing connections are rigid, and the braces are oriented to buckle out of the plane. A design procedure was examined that can account for the dependency of the energy dissipation mechanism on the cyclic loading history.
Effectiveness of robust optimization against geometric uncertainties in TomoHelical planning for prostate cancer
Authors: Yagihashi Takayuki , Inoue Kazumasa , Nagata Hironori , Yamanaka Masashi , Yamano Akihiro , Suzuki Shunsuke , Yamakabe Wataru , Sato Naoki , Omura Motoko , Inoue Tatsuya 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundGeometrical uncertainties in patients can severely affect the quality of radiotherapy.PurposeWe evaluated the dosimetric efficacy of robust optimization for helical intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning in the presence of patient setup uncertainty and anatomical changes.MethodsTwo helical IMRT plans for 10 patients with localized prostate cancer were created using either minimax robust optimization (robust plan) or a conventional planning target volume (PTV) margin approach (PTV plan). Plan robustness was evaluated by creating perturbed dose plans with setup uncertainty from isocenter shifts and anatomical changes due to organ variation. The magnitudes of the geometrical uncertainties were based on the patient setup uncertainty considered during robust optimization, which was identical to the PTV margin. The homogeneity index, and target coverage (TC, defined as the V100% of the clinical target volume), and organs at risk (OAR; rectum and bladder) doses were analyzed for all nominal and perturbed plans. A statistical t‐test was performed to evaluate the differences between the robust and PTV plans.ResultsComparison of the nominal plans showed that the robust plans had lower OAR doses and a worse homogeneity index and TC than the PTV plans. The evaluations of robustness that considered setup errors more than the PTV margin demonstrated that the worst‐case perturbed scenarios for robust plans had significantly higher TC while maintaining lower OAR doses. However, when anatomical changes were considered, improvement in TC from robust optimization was not observed in the worst‐case perturbed plans.ConclusionsFor helical IMRT planning in localized prostate cancer, robust optimization provides benefits over PTV margin–based planning, including better OAR sparing, and increased robustness against systematic patient‐setup errors.
Burden, Causes, and Outcomes of Hospitalization in Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis: A US National Cohort Study
Authors: Goulabchand Radjiv , Qian Alexander S. , Nguyen Nghia H. , Singh Abha G. , Roubille Camille , Parreau Simon , Singh Namrata , Singh Siddharth 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveGiant cell arteritis (GCA) has a relapsing–remitting course and is associated with a high burden of comorbidities, leading to repeated hospitalizations. This study was undertaken to investigate the burden, risk factors, causes, and outcomes of hospitalization and readmission in GCA patients in a US national cohort.MethodsUsing the 2017 US National Readmission Database, we identified adults ≥50 years of age hospitalized with GCA between January and June 2017, with at least 6 months of follow‐up. We estimated the burden of hospitalization including 6‐month risk of readmission, total days spent in hospital, and costs, annually. We examined patient‐, hospital‐, and index hospitalization–related factors for 6‐month readmission and total days of hospitalization using binomial logistic regression.ResultsOur study included 1,206 patients hospitalized with GCA (70% women, median age 77 years), with 13% of patients experiencing GCA‐related ophthalmologic complications at index hospital admission. On follow‐up, 3% died, and 34% of patients were readmitted within 6 months, primarily for infections (23%) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (15%). Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) of ≥1, smoking, and obesity were associated with readmission. GCA patients spent a median of 5 days/year in hospital (interquartile range [IQR] 3–11), with those in the top quartile spending 19 days/year in hospital (IQR 14–26).ConclusionGCA patients frequently experience unplanned health care utilization, with 1 in 3 patients experiencing readmission within 6 months, and 3% dying within the follow‐up period. Infection and CVDs are common causes of readmission and may be related to glucocorticoid exposure. Population health management strategies are required in these vulnerable GCA patients.
Charge Booster Tags for Controlled Release of Therapeutics from a Therapeutic Carrier
Authors: Kim Seoungkyun , Kim Dong Hee , Cho Jinhwan , Kim Jaeyun , Kwon Inchan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractInjectable hydrogels are promising delivery vehicles for the sustained release of therapeutic proteins. Electrostatic interactions between proteins and hydrogels often increase affinity to decelerate protein release. However, this approach is not suitable for weakly charged proteins. The current study shows that the genetic fusion of a highly charged protein segment (charge booster tag) with proteins can control their interactions with injectable gels. A positive or negative charge booster tag is introduced into urate oxidase (UOX), a therapeutic protein for gout, to generate UOX variants with varying net charges. When a positively‐charged injectable hydrogel is used, both the in vitro release rate and in vivo serum half‐life of UOX are correlated with the net negative charge. This modified delivery approach results in a serum half‐life of over 106 h for the UOX variant, which is substantially longer than that of free UOX (3.3 h). Hence, charge booster tags can be used as a systematic strategy for controlling the release of therapeutic proteins.
Hybridization Engineering of Oxyfluoride Aluminosilicate Glass for Construction of Dual‐Phase Optical Ceramics
Authors: Du Guanxin , Wen Shaofei , Zhao Junjie , Ran Peng , Wang Dazhao , Wei Lei , Qiao Xvsheng , Yang Yang , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe construction of transparent ceramics under mild conditionsand standard atmospheric pressure has great scientific and technological potential; however, it remains difficult to achieve when conventional ceramic sintering techniques are used. Herein, a mild strategy for constructing dual‐phase optical ceramics with high crystallinity (>90%) based on the stepped dual‐phase crystallization of hybridized aluminosilicate glass is presented. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal that the hybridization of the glass system enables a new balance between the glass‐forming ability and crystallization and can overcome the uncontrolled devitrification phenomenon during the dense crystallization of glass. Transparent hybridized oxide‐fluoride ceramics with fiber geometry and dual‐phase microstructures are also successfully fabricated. The generality of the strategy is confirmed, and transparent ceramics with various chemical compositions and phase combinations are prepared. Additionally, the cross‐section of the ceramic fibers can be easily tuned into a circle, square, trapezoid, or even a triangle. Furthermore, the practical applications of optical ceramics for lighting and X‐ray imaging are demonstrated. The findings described here suggest a major step toward expanding the scope of optical ceramics.
Police decisions to found sexual assault cases: The influence of community‐level factors and space
Authors: Hoffman Erin E. , Greeson Megan R. , Hwang Sungsoon 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrevious research has examined the influence of individual‐ and case‐level factors on police decisions in sexual assault cases, with little attention paid to community‐level factors. This study examined the association between community‐level factors and police decisions to found sexual assault cases. Founding is the first decision officers make and determines whether a case is investigated. An archival data set ofN = 8015 sexual assaults reported to a Midwestern city police department was used. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was first used to examine the relationship between six community‐level factors and founding rates within the city's 77 communities. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was then used to examine whether these relationships varied by space. OLS results revealed communities with a greater proportion of Black residents, Latinx residents, Asian residents, and higher income had significantly higher founding rates. GWR results replicated these findings indicating these relationships varied significantly by space throughout the city. In contrast to the OLS, GWR results indicated communities farther from a rape crisis center had higher founding rates. Findings underscore the importance of analyzing localized effects and examining individual‐, case‐, and community‐level factors on sexual assault case outcomes in the criminal legal system.
A structural and resting‐state functional connectivity investigation of the pulvinar in elderly individuals and Alzheimer's disease patients
Authors: Velioglu Halil Aziz , Ayyildiz Behcet , Ayyildiz Sevilay , Sutcubasi Bernis , Hanoglu Lutfu , Bayraktaroglu Zubeyir , Yulug Burak 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn Alzheimer's disease (AD), structural and functional changes in the brain may give rise to disruption of specific cognitive functions. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional connectivity alterations in the pulvinar's subdivisions and total pulvinar voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) changes in individuals with AD and healthy controls. A seed‐based functional connectivity analysis was applied to the anterior, inferior, lateral, and medial pulvinar in each hemisphere. Furthermore, VBM analysis was carried out to compare gray matter (GM) volume differences in the pulvinar and thalamus between the two groups. Connectivity analysis revealed that the pulvinar subdivisions had decreased connectivity in individuals with AD. In addition, the pulvinar and thalamus in each hemisphere were significantly smaller in the AD group. The pulvinar may have a role in AD‐related cognitive impairments and the intrinsic connectivity network changes and GM loss in pulvinar subdivisions suggest the cognitive deterioration occurring in those with AD.Highlights
The pulvinar may play a role in pathophysiology of cognitive impairments in those with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Decreased structural volume and functional connectivity were found in patients with AD.

The inferior pulvinar is functionally the most affected subdivision by AD compared to the others.
Field systems and later prehistoric land use: New insights into land use detectability and palaeodemography in the Netherlands through LiDAR, automatic detection and traditional field data
Authors: Arnoldussen Stijn , Verschoof‐van der Vaart Wouter B. , Kaptijn Eva , Bourgeois Quentin P. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper discusses how the use of AI (artificial intelligence) detected later prehistoric field systems provides a more reliable base for reconstructing palaeodemographic trends, using the Netherlands as a case study. Despite its long tradition of settlement excavations, models that could be used to reconstruct (changes in) prehistoric land use have been few and often relied on (insufficiently mapped) nodal data points such as settlements and barrows. We argue that prehistoric field systems of field plots beset on all sides by earthen banks—known as Celtic fields—are a more suitable (i.e. less nodal) proxy for reconstructing later prehistoric land use.For four 32.25 km2 case study areas in different geogenetic regions of the Netherlands, prehistoric land use surface areas are modelled based on conventional methods and the results are compared to the results we obtained by using AI‐assisted detection of prehistoric field systems. The nationally available LiDAR data were used for automated detection. Geotiff DTM images were fed into an object detection algorithm (based on the YOLOv4 framework and trained with known Dutch sites), and resultant geospatial vectors were imported into GIS.Our analysis shows that AI‐assisted detection of prehistoric embanked field systems on average leads to a factor 1.84 increase in known surface areas of Celtic fields. Modelling the numbers of occupants from this spatial coverage, yields population sizes of 37–135 persons for the case study regions (i.e. 1.15 to 4.19 p/km2). This range aligns well with previous estimates and offers a more robust and representative proxy for palaeodemographic reconstructions. Variations in land use coverage between the regions could be explained by differences in present‐day land use and research intensity. Particularly the regionally different extent of forestlands and heathlands (ideal for the (a) preservation and (b) automated LiDAR detection of embanked field systems) explains minor variations between the four case study regions.