bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment escalation and de-escalation decisions in Crohn’s disease: Delphi consensus recommendations from Japan, 2021
Authors: Nakase Hiroshi , Esaki Motohiro , Hirai Fumihito , Kobayashi Taku , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Matsuura Minoru , Naganuma Makoto , Saruta Masayuki , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Uchino Motoi , Watanabe Kenji , Hisamatsu Tadakazu ,   the TRADE consensus group, Andoh Akira , Bamba Shigeki , Esaki Motohiro , Fujiya Mikihiro , Futami Kitaro , Hata Keisuke , Hirai Fumihito , Hiraoka Sakiko , Hisamatsu Tadakazu , Hokari Ryota , Ishihara Shunji , Ishihara Soichiro , Itabashi Michio , Kakuta Yoichi , Kato Jun , Kato Shingo , Katsurada Takehiko , Kitamura Kazuya , Kobayashi Kiyonori , Kobayashi Taku , Koganei Kazutaka , Maemoto Atsuo , Matsui Toshiyuki , Matsumoto Takayuki , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Matsuura Minoru , Motoya Satoshi , Nagahori Masakazu , Naganuma Makoto , Naito Yuji , Nakamura Shiro , Nakase Hiroshi , Ogata Haruhiko , Okazaki Kazuichi , Sakuraba Hirotake , Saruta Masayuki , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Sugimoto Ken , Sugita Akira , Suzuki Yasuo , Takahashi Kenichi , Takagi Tomohisa , Takenaka Kento , Takeuchi Ken , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Tsujikawa Tomoyuki , Uchino Motoi , Ueno Fumiaki , Watanabe Kenji , Watanabe Mamoru , Yamamoto Takayuki , Yokoyama Kaoru , Yoshida Atsushi , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
We aimed to develop criteria for treatment intensification in patients with (1) luminal Crohn’s disease (CD), (2) CD with perianal disease and/or fistula, (3) CD with small bowel stenosis, (4) in the postoperative setting, and (5) for discontinuing or reducing the dose of treatment in patients with CD.

Methods
PubMed and Embase were searched for studies published since 1998 which may be relevant to the five defined topics. Results were assessed for relevant studies, with preference given to data from randomized, controlled studies. For each question, a core panel of 12 gastroenterologists defined the treatment target and developed statements, based on the literature, current guidelines, and relevant additional studies. The evidence supporting each statement was graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine: Levels of Evidence (March 2009). A modified Delphi process was used to refine statements and gain agreement from 54 Japanese specialists at in-person and online meetings conducted between October 2020 and April 2021.

Results
Seventeen statements were developed for treatment intensification in luminal CD (targeting endoscopic remission), six statements for treatment intensification in perianal/fistulizing CD (targeting healing of perianal lesions and complete closure of the fistula), six statements for treatment intensification in CD with small bowel stenosis (targeting resolution of obstructive symptoms), seven statements for treatment intensification after surgery (targeting endoscopic remission), and five statements for discontinuing or reducing the dose of treatment in patients with CD.

Conclusions
These statements provide guidance on how and when to intensify or de-intensify treatment for a broad spectrum of patients with CD.
Vitamin D and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, should we stop the hype? A cross-sectional observational prospective study based on a geometric morphometrics approach
Authors: González-Ruiz José María , Bastir Markus , Pizones Javier , Palancar Carlos A. , Toro-Ibacache Viviana , García Alfaro María Dolores , Moreno Manzanaro Lucía , Sánchez Márquez José Miguel , Pérez Núñez María Isabel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is strong evidence supporting the presence of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). Additionally, recent research investigating the relationship between vitamin D and AIS found a relation between them. We hypothesize a negative correlation between FA and vitamin D.

Methods
We performed a surface scan of the torso of 53 AIS patients, a blood test to measure vitamin D and the radiographic Cobb angle. A correlation analysis between vitamin D and FA was carried out to test our hypothesis, and a regression of vitamin D on 3D shape was performed to observe shape differences between the vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency groups.

Results
There was no correlation between vitamin D and FA. We found a strong negative correlation between vitamin D and the Cobb angle only in the premenarche group (n = 7; r = − 0.92). Differences in shape were observed between the deficiency and insufficiency groups, and that differences were related to the width of the torso, but not the rotation or lateral flexion.

Conclusions
Our results do not support the massive screening of vitamin D in AIS. Shape analysis revealed differences between the shape of the deficiency and insufficiency groups related to robustness. However, this finding had no relation with the scoliosis characteristics, it just reflected different body composition, and its importance should be explored in future.
Remote assessment of ADHD in children and adolescents: recommendations from the European ADHD Guidelines Group following the clinical experience during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Santosh P. , Cortese S. , Hollis C. , Bölte S. , Daley D. , Coghill D. , Holtmann M. , Sonuga-Barke E. J. S. , Buitelaar J. , Banaschewski T. , Stringaris A. , Döpfner M. , Van der Oord S. , Carucci S. , Brandeis D. , Nagy P. , Ferrin M. , Baeyens D. , van den Hoofdakker B. J. , Purper-Ouakil D. , Ramos-Quiroga A. , Romanos M. , Soutullo C. A. , Thapar A. , Wong I. C. K. , Zuddas A. , Galera C. , Simonoff E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic led ADHD services to modify the clinical practice to reduce in-person contact as much as possible to minimise viral spread. This had far-reaching effects on day-to-day clinical practice as remote assessments were widely adopted. Despite the attenuation of the acute threat from COVID, many clinical services are retaining some remote practices. The lack of clear evidence-based guidance about the most appropriate way to conduct remote assessments meant that these changes were typically implemented in a localised, ad hoc, and un-coordinated way. Here, the European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG) discusses the strengths and weaknesses of remote assessment methods of children and adolescents with ADHD in a narrative review based on available data and expert opinions to highlight key recommendations for future studies and clinical practice. We conclude that going forward, despite remote working in clinical services functioning adequately during the pandemic, all required components of ADHD assessment should still be completed following national/international guidelines; however, the process may need adaptation. Social restrictions, including changes in education provision, can either mask or exacerbate features associated with ADHD and therefore assessment should carefully chart symptom profile and impairment prior to, as well as during an ongoing pandemic. While remote assessments are valuable in allowing clinical services to continue despite restrictions and may have benefits for routine care in the post-pandemic world, particular attention must be paid to those who may be at high risk but not be able to use/access remote technologies and prioritize these groups for conventional face-to-face assessments.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in children and young people with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Gallop Lucy , Westwood Samuel J. , Lewis Yael , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has demonstrated benefits in adults with various psychiatric disorders, but its clinical utility in children and young people (CYP) remains unclear. This PRISMA systematic review used published and ongoing studies to examine the effects of tDCS on disorder-specific symptoms, mood and neurocognition in CYP with psychiatric disorders. We searched Medline via PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO via OVID, and Clinicaltrials.gov up to December 2022. Eligible studies involved multiple session (i.e., treatment) tDCS in CYP (≤ 25 years old) with psychiatric disorders. Two independent raters assessed the eligibility of studies and extracted data using a custom-built form. Of 33 eligible studies (participant N = 517), the majority (n = 27) reported an improvement in at least one outcome measure of disorder-specific symptoms. Few studies (n = 13) examined tDCS effects on mood and/or neurocognition, but findings were mainly positive. Overall, tDCS was well tolerated with minimal side effects. Of 11 eligible ongoing studies, many are sham-controlled RCTs (n = 9) with better blinding techniques and a larger estimated participant enrolment (M = 79.7; range 15–172) than published studies. Although encouraging, the evidence to date is insufficient to firmly conclude that tDCS can improve clinical symptoms, mood, or cognition in CYP with psychiatric disorders. Ongoing studies appear of improved methodological quality; however, future studies should broaden outcome measures to more comprehensively assess the effects of tDCS and develop dosage guidance (i.e., treatment regimens).
The modulation of iron metabolism affects the Rhabdomyosarcoma tumor growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Asperti Michela , Cantamessa Luca , Gryzik Magdalena , Bugatti Mattia , Codenotti Silvia , Denardo Andrea , Vermi William , Fanzani Alessandro , Poli Maura 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive rare neoplasm that derives from mesenchymal cells, which frequently develops resistance to the current therapies and the formation of metastases. Thus, new therapies are needed. The alteration of iron metabolism in cancer cells was effective in reducing the progression of many tumors but not yet investigated in RMS. Here we investigated the effect of iron modulation in RMS both in vitro and in vivo. We first characterized the most used RMS cell lines representing the most common subtypes, embryonal (ERMS, RD cells) and alveolar (ARMS, RH30 cells), for their iron metabolism, in basal condition and in response to its modulation. Then we investigated the effects of both iron overload and chelation strategies in vitro and in vivo. RMS cell lines expressed iron-related proteins, even if at lower levels compared to hepatic cell lines and they are correctly modulated in response to iron increase and deprivation. Interestingly, the treatment with different doses of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC, as iron source) and with deferiprone (DFP, as iron chelator), significantly affected the cell viability of RD and RH30. Moreover, iron supplementation (in the form of iron dextran) or iron chelation (in the form of DFP) were also effective in vivo in inhibiting the tumor mass growth both derived from RD and RH30 with iron chelation treatment the most effective one. All the data suggest that the iron modulation could be a promising approach to overcome the RMS tumor growth. The mechanism of action seems to involve the apoptotic cell death for both iron supplementation and chelation with the concomitant induction of ferroptosis in the case of iron supplementation.
Immune landscape and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on innate and adaptive immune cells
Authors: Gao Xiaoqiang , Zuo Shi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for roughly 90% of all cases of primary liver cancer, and the cases are on the rise. The treatment of advanced HCC is a serious challenge. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has marked a watershed moment in the history of HCC systemic treatment. Atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab has been approved as a first-line treatment for advanced HCC since 2020; however, the combination therapy is only effective in a limited percentage of patients. Considering that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has a great impact on immunotherapies for HCC, an in-depth understanding of the immune landscape in tumors and the current immunotherapeutic approaches is extremely necessary. We elaborate on the features, functions, and cross talk of the innate and adaptive immune cells in HCC and highlight the benefits and drawbacks of various immunotherapies for advanced HCC, as well as future projections. HCC consists of a heterogeneous group of cancers with distinct etiologies and immune microenvironments. Almost all the components of innate and adaptive immune cells in HCC have altered, showing a decreasing trend in the number of tumor suppressor cells and an increasing trend in the pro-cancer cells, and there is also cross talk between various cell types. Various immunotherapies for HCC have also shown promising efficacy and application prospect. There are multilayered interwoven webs among various immune cell types in HCC, and emerging evidence demonstrates the promising prospect of immunotherapeutic approaches for HCC.
The relationship between working memory updating components and reading comprehension
Authors: Linares Rocío , Pelegrina Santiago 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the contribution of retrieval and substitution components of working memory updating to reading comprehension. Difficulties in reading comprehension have been related to the inability to update information in working memory. Updating is a complex process comprising various subprocesses, such as retrieving information into the focus of attention and substituting information that is no longer relevant. Various numerical subtasks requiring or not requiring the substitution and retrieval components of working memory updating, as well as reading comprehension and general cognitive measures, were administered to a sample (n = 148) of 4th grade children. Less-skilled comprehenders showed lower accuracy when information retrieval was required. In contrast, substitution was not related to reading comprehension. These findings suggest that reading comprehension difficulties are related to the efficacy of information retrieval during updating in working memory.
Acoustic radiation force impulse-induced lung hemorrhage: investigating the relationship with peak rarefactional pressure amplitude and mechanical index in rabbits
Authors: Takayama Noriya , Sasanuma Hideki , Rifu Kazuma , Nitta Naotaka , Akiyama Iwaki , Taniguchi Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The safety of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography, which applies higher acoustic power with a longer pulse duration (PD) than conventional diagnostic ultrasound, is yet to be verified. We assessed the ARFI-induced lung injury risk and its relationship with peak rarefactional pressure amplitude (PRPA) and mechanical index (MI).

Methods
Eighteen and two rabbits were included in the ARFI (0.3-ms push pulses) and sham groups, respectively. A 5.2-MHz linear probe was applied to the subcostal area and aimed at both lungs through the liver for 30 ARFI emissions. The derated PRPA varied among the six ARFI groups—0.80 MPa, 1.13 MPa, 1.33 MPa, 1.70 MPa, 1.91 MPa, and 2.00 MPa, respectively.

Results
The occurrence of lung hemorrhage and the mean lesion area among all samples in the seven groups were 0/6, 0/6, 1/6 (1.7 mm2), 4/6 (8.0 mm2), 4/6 (11.2 mm2), 5/6 (23.8 mm2), and 0/4 (sham), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that derated PRPA was significantly associated with lung injury occurrence (odds ratio: 207, p < 0.01), with the threshold estimated to be 1.1 MPa (MI, 0.5). Spearman’s rank correlation showed a positive correlation between derated PRPA and lesion area (r = 0.671, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the occurrence and severity of ARFI-induced lung hemorrhage increased with a rise in PRPA under clinical conditions in rabbits. This indicates a potential risk of lung injury due to ARFI elastography, especially when ARFI is unintentionally directed to the lungs during liver, heart, or breast examinations.
Histopathology of non-mass-like breast lesions on ultrasound
Authors: Yamaguchi Rin , Watanabe Hidetaka , Mihara Yutaro , Yamaguchi Miki , Tanaka Maki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere have been several investigations of non-mass-like (NML) lesions on ultrasound (US) since Uematsu first described this approach, and it is a relatively new concept for breast examination. However, the results have varied, and there have been only a few studies related to the detailed histopathology of NML lesions on US. Here, we review the histopathology of NML lesions. NML lesions are pathologically benign, atypical, or malignant. There are two major findings of NML lesions on US: architectural distortion and calcifications. Architectural distortion pathologically indicates a fibrous change with ductal proliferation, invasive breast carcinoma, and carcinoma in situ. Histopathologically, microcalcifications are seen in both benign and malignant lesions, and it is important to distinguish between these lesions among NML lesions, particularly fibrocystic changes including adenosis and hyperplasia in the case of benign lesions and carcinoma in situ (ductal and lobular) in the case of malignant lesions. The differential major points may be whether NML lesions are associated with abundant hyperechoic foci, which indicate comedo necrosis on histology. They are usually high-grade carcinoma in situ that may be positive for HER2 or triple negativity. A recent report indicated that low-grade carcinoma in situ showed better survival than higher-grade carcinoma in situ, which is often accompanied by comedo necrosis on histology, reflecting visible microcalcification on US. NML lesions are considered to include a certain rate of low-grade carcinoma in situ. Therefore, more caution may be needed when detecting and managing NML lesions to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment as a result of this recent “low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ” concept.
Influence of heart rate and heart rate variability on the feasibility of ultra-fast, high-pitch coronary photon-counting computed tomography angiography
Authors: Rotkopf Lukas T. , Froelich Matthias F. , Riffel Philipp , Ziener Christian H. , Reid Carissa , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Ayx Isabelle 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoronary computed tomography angiography has become a mainstay in diagnosing coronary artery disease and is increasingly used in screening symptomatic patients. Recently, photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) has been introduced into clinical practice, offering higher spatial and temporal resolution. As the applied radiation dose is highly dependent on the choice of scan mode and is lowest using the ultra-fast high-pitch (FLASH) mode, guidelines for their application are needed. From a retrospective study investigating the properties of a novel photon-counting computed tomography, all patients who underwent FLASH-mode PCCT angiography were selected between January and April 2022. This resulted in a study population of 46 men and 27 women. We recorded pre- and intrascan ECG readings and calculated heart rate (maximum heart rate 73 bpm) as well heart rate variability (maximum HRV 37 bpm) as measured by the standard deviation of the heart rate. Diagnostic quality and motion artifacts scores were recorded for each coronary artery segment by consensus between two readers. We found a highly significant association between heart rate variability and image quality (p < 0.001). The heart rate itself was not independently associated with image quality. Both heart rate and heart rate variability were significantly associated with the presence of motion artifacts in a combined model. Scan heart rate variability—but not heart rate itself—is a highly significant predictor of reduced image quality on high-pitch coronary photon-counting computed tomography angiography. This may be due to better scanner architecture and an increased temporal resolution compared to conventional energy-integrating detector computed tomography, which has to be addressed in a comparison study in the future.
A bio-inspired computational classifier system for the evaluation of children’s theatrical anxiety at school
Authors: Mastrothanasis Konstantinos , Zervoudakis Konstantinos , Kladaki Maria , Tsafarakis Stelios 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTheatrical performance constitutes a complicated way for students to express and to communicate with each other, since it targets both various artistic and educational goals. Even though it constitutes a top moment of students’ expression, several students do not feel comfortable when participating in such cultural activities, as performance anxiety, a negative emotional experience stemming from the public audience exposure, affects them. The aim of this research is to apply and evaluate a student segmentation technique with the help of bio-inspired computational intelligence, for identifying high levels of performance anxiety at schoolchildren. A Mayfly-based clustering optimization algorithm is applied on a dataset with 774 instances of students to classify them according to their levels of emotions and performance anxiety that are developed during the event. A comparison with a genetic algorithm as well as particle swarm optimization shows that the proposed method is distinguished by superior categorization capabilities. The findings demonstrate the effective dissimilar student groups formation, with the members of each being distinguished by similar characteristics in terms of emotions and performance anxiety, highlighting the ones with unmanageable emotional experiences. Therefore, the drama educator is able to effortlessly detect, manage students and develop coping practices in those at risk, by acknowledging each group’s characteristics.
Effectiveness of Interventions that Foster Reading Motivation: a Meta-analysis
Authors: van der Sande Lisa , van Steensel Roel , Fikrat-Wevers Suzanne , Arends Lidia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMany students have low reading motivation. Based on (reading) motivation theories, several mechanisms are distinguished that can foster reading motivation. Our goal in this meta-analysis was to examine the effects of theory-driven reading motivation interventions in school on students’ reading motivation and reading comprehension as well as to test which mechanisms are particularly effective in fostering motivation and comprehension. We conducted a literature search in ten online databases and identified 39 relevant effect studies. Positive effects on affirming motivations (d = 0.38), extrinsic motivations (d = 0.42), combined motivations (d = 0.17), and reading comprehension (d = 0.27) were found. The effect on undermining motivations (d = −0.01) was not significant. In particular, interventions that aimed to trigger interest had positive effects on affirming motivations and reading comprehension. Furthermore, effects on affirming motivations were larger if the total duration of the intervention was longer and if the share of boys in the sample was higher. Interventions delivered by researchers had larger effects on reading comprehension than interventions delivered by teachers. Finally, effects on reading comprehension were larger for primary schoolers than for secondary schoolers and larger for typical readers than for struggling readers. Implications for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers are discussed.