bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Notification About Breast Arterial Calcification on Mammography: Empowering Women With Information About Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Vincoff Nina S , Ramos Aderonke A , Duran-Pilarte Elizabeth , Derobertis Alicia , Daniel Woodlynn , Bajwa Bakhtawar N , Petrone Eric , Kline Myriam , Pavel Donatella M , Rosen Stacey E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
To assess the impact of informing women about the presence of breast arterial calcification (BAC) on mammography by determining whether those notified about the presence of BAC would seek cardiovascular evaluation.

Methods
This IRB-approved prospective study included 494 patients who underwent screening mammography between June 8, 2021, and April 22, 2022. Mammograms were reviewed by a radiologist, and patients were notified via e-mail about the presence or absence of BAC. Patients with BAC were advised to discuss the results with their physicians and were surveyed 3 months later. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for study participation, presence of BAC, survey participation, health actions, and perceptions. Confidence intervals were calculated for proportions of health actions and perceptions.

Results
Of 494 study participants, 68/494 (13.8%; 95% CI: 10.9%–17.1%) had BAC detected on mammography and 42/68 (61.8%; 95% CI: 61.1%–62.1%) with BAC completed the follow-up survey at 3 months. Of these 42 survey respondents, 24/42 (57.1%; 95% CI: 41.1%–72.3%) reported discussing results with their primary care physician (PCP) or a cardiologist. In addition, 34/42 (81.0%; 95% CI: 65.9%–91.4%) reported finding it helpful to receive information about BAC and 32/42 (76.2%; 95% CI: 60.6%–88.0%) believed all women should be informed about BAC after mammography.

Conclusion
After notification about the presence of BAC on screening mammography, the majority (57.1%) of survey respondents reported discussing the results with a PCP or cardiologist. These results suggest that providing mammography patients with information about BAC may promote preventive cardiovascular health.
Holdout predictive checks for Bayesian model criticism
Authors: Moran Gemma E , Blei David M , Ranganath Rajesh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bayesian modelling helps applied researchers to articulate assumptions about their data and develop models tailored for specific applications. Thanks to good methods for approximate posterior inference, researchers can now easily build, use, and revise complicated Bayesian models for large and rich data. These capabilities, however, bring into focus the problem of model criticism. Researchers need tools to diagnose the fitness of their models, to understand where they fall short, and to guide their revision. In this paper, we develop a new method for Bayesian model criticism, the holdout predictive check (HPC). Holdout predictive check are built on posterior predictive check (PPC), a seminal method that checks a model by assessing the posterior predictive distribution on the observed data. However, PPC use the data twice—both to calculate the posterior predictive and to evaluate it—which can lead to uncalibrated p-values. Holdout predictive check, in contrast, compare the posterior predictive distribution to a draw from the population distribution, a heldout dataset. This method blends Bayesian modelling with frequentist assessment. Unlike the PPC, we prove that the HPC is properly calibrated. Empirically, we study HPC on classical regression, a hierarchical model of text data, and factor analysis.
Wordplay in 1 Corinthians
Authors: Ciampa Roy E , Rosner Brian S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This essay provides the first attempt at a complete inventory and assessment of the use of wordplay in 1 Corinthians. It is organized by attending to the various linguistic features that are exploited to create wordplays. These include the use of different lexemes based on the same root (i.e., sharing etymology; compound words) used in close proximity; the use of the same lexeme but with different meanings in different genders, used in close proximity to exploit the euphony; the use of the same word/lexeme with different meanings in close proximity; the use of the same word with the same meaning twice in close proximity but in a context that plays on an inversion or twist while also exploiting the soundplay; and the use of different lexemes with similar sounds employed for the sake of the surprising rhetorical effect of connecting the two words. It also analyses the kinds of wordplay opportunities that each linguistic feature tends to provide or create. Additionally, it discusses the challenges that different wordplays create for translation (with a focus on translation into English). In the process, the ubiquity and significance of wordplays in 1 Corinthians is demonstrated.
Power purchase agreements and sustainable energy development: an approximation to the Cuban legal system
Authors: Luis Cordova José Grabiel , Jiménez Zulueta Lilianys , Byttebier Koen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Humanity since its origins as a species has depended on energy for its existence and development. The various energy crises that have occurred have had major negative impacts on both the economic and social spheres. The current worrying world energy situation, characterized by a constant increase in demand, polluting emissions and rising prices of energy, as well as an inevitable depletion of fossil fuels, has in recent years generated a general awareness of the need to develop sustainable energy solutions. Currently, the high dependence on foreign suppliers for energy imports has put the accessibility and affordability of energy at risk, and States have had to develop numerous initiatives to protect consumers from volatile energy prices. In this framework, widespread energy production through renewable energy sources and the use of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) emerge as tools to achieve energy security and mitigate energy vulnerability and poverty. This research aims to contribute to this effort by making an approximation to the Cuban legal and institutional framework of PPAs. Cuba, in line with the current global energy context, is in search of energy sovereignty based on renewable energy sources. Throughout this article, it is intended to substantiate the need to regulate PPAs in the pursuit of sustainable energy development solutions. With the enactment of Decree Law 345 of 2019 for the promotion of renewable energy sources and efficient energy use and its complementary rules, the first regulatory foundations for PPAs have been laid. While the Cuban legal energy system has been making substantial progress regarding PPAs, it must still strive to be further perfected.
Hormonal regulation of plant primary metabolism under drought
Authors: Yoshida Takuya , Fernie Alisdair R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Phytohormones are essential signalling molecules globally regulating many processes of plants, including their growth, development, and stress responses. The promotion of growth and the enhancement of stress resistance have to be balanced, especially under adverse conditions such as drought stress, because of limited resources. Plants cope with drought stress via various strategies, including the transcriptional regulation of stress-responsive genes and the adjustment of metabolism, and phytohormones play roles in these processes. Although abscisic acid (ABA) is an important signal under drought, less attention has been paid to other phytohormones. In this review, we summarize progress in the understanding of phytohormone-regulated primary metabolism under water-limited conditions, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana, and highlight recent findings concerning the amino acids associated with ABA metabolism and signalling. We also discuss how phytohormones function antagonistically and synergistically in order to balance growth and stress responses.
Elevated CO2 concentration increases maize growth under water deficit or soil salinity but with a higher risk of hydraulic failure
Authors: Liu Junzhou , Hochberg Uri , Ding Risheng , Xiong Dongliang , Dai Zhanwu , Zhao Qing , Chen Jinliang , Ji Shasha , Kang Shaozhong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Climate change presents a challenge for plants to acclimate their water relations under changing environmental conditions, and may increase the risks of hydraulic failure under stress. In this study, maize plants were acclimated to two different CO2 concentrations ([CO2]; 400 ppm and 700 ppm) while under either water stress (WS) or soil salinity (SS) treatments, and their growth and hydraulic traits were examined in detail. Both WS and SS inhibited growth and had significant impacts on hydraulic traits. In particular, the water potential at 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance (P50) decreased by 1 MPa in both treatments at 400 ppm. When subjected to elevated [CO2], the plants under both WS and SS showed improved growth by 7–23%. Elevated [CO2] also significantly increased xylem vulnerability (measured as loss of conductivity with decreasing xylem pressure), resulting in smaller hydraulic safety margins. According to the plant desiccation model, the critical desiccation degree (time×vapor pressure deficit) that the plants could tolerate under drought was reduced by 43–64% under elevated [CO2]. In addition, sensitivity analysis showed that P50 was the most important trait in determining the critical desiccation degree. Thus, our results demonstrated that whilst elevated [CO2] benefited plant growth under WS or SS, it also interfered with hydraulic acclimation, thereby potentially placing the plants at a higher risk of hydraulic failure and increased mortality.
Extending lunar impact flash observations into the daytime with short-wave infrared
Authors: Sheward D , Delbo M , Avdellidou C , Cook A , Lognonné P , Munaibari E , Zanatta L , Mercatali A , Delbo S , Tanga P 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Lunar impact flash (LIF) observations typically occur in R, I, or unfiltered light, and are only possible during night, targeting the night side of a 10–60 per cent illumination Moon, while &gt;10° above the observers horizon. This severely limits the potential to observe, and therefore the number of lower occurrence, high energy impacts observed is reduced. By shifting from the typically used wavelengths to the J-band short-wave infrared, the greater spectral radiance for the most common temperature (2750 K) of LIFs and darker skies at these wavelengths enables LIF monitoring to occur during the daytime, and at greater lunar illumination phases than currently possible. Using a 40.0 cm f/4.5 Newtonian reflector with a Ninox 640SU camera and a J-band filter, we observed several stars and lunar nightside at various times to assess the theoretical limits of the system. We then performed LIF observations during both day and night to maximize the chances of observing a confirmed LIF to verify the methods. We detected 61 &gt; 5σ events, from which 33 candidate LIF events could not be discounted as false positives. One event was confirmed by multiframe detection, and by independent observers observing in visible light. While this LIF was observed during the night, the observed signal can be used to calculate the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio for a similar daytime event. The threshold for daylight LIF detection was found to be between Jmag = +3.4 ± 0.18 and Jmag = +5.6 ± 0.18 (equivalent to Vmag = +4.5 and Vmag = +6.7, respectively, at 2750 K). This represents an increase in opportunity to observe LIFs by almost 500 per cent.
Dynamical energy dissipation of relativistic magnetic bullets
Authors: Kusafuka Yo , Asano Katsuaki , Ohmura Takumi , Kawashima Tomohisa 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
To demonstrate the magnetic energy dissipation via relativistic shocks, we carry out spherically symmetrical one-dimensional special relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of highly magnetized outflows with an adaptive mesh refinement method. We first investigate the details of the dynamical energy dissipation via interaction between a single ejecta and an external medium. The energy dissipation time-scales, which affect the early behaviour of the afterglow emission in gamma-ray bursts, are estimated for a wide range of magnetization. In addition, we demonstrate the internal shock dissipation in multiple interactions between magnetically dominated relativistic ejecta and kinetically dominated non-relativistic winds. Our numerical results show that ∼10 per cent of the magnetic energy in the ejecta can be converted into the thermal energy of the relativistic and low-magnetized outflows via shocks in the rarefaction waves or the winds. Such hot and less magnetized outflows are relevant for observed non-thermal emissions in blazars or gamma-ray bursts.
Precise self-calibration of interloper bias in spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Peng Hui , Yu Yu 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Interloper contamination due to line misidentification is an important issue in the future low-resolution spectroscopic surveys. We realize that the algorithm previously used for photometric redshift self-calibration, with minor modifications, can be particularly applicable to calibrate the interloper bias. In order to explore the robustness of the modified self-calibration algorithm, we construct the mock catalogues based on China Space Station Telescope (CSST), taking two main target emission lines, Hα and [O iii]. The self-calibration algorithm is tested in cases with different interloper fractions at 1 per cent, 5 per cent, and 10 per cent. We find that the interloper fraction and mean redshift in each redshift bin can be successfully reconstructed at the level of ∼ 0.002 and ∼ 0.001(1 + z), respectively. We also find the impact of the cosmic magnification can be significant, which is usually ignored in previous works, and therefore propose a convenient and efficient method to eliminate it. Using the elimination method, we show that the calibration accuracy can be effectively recovered with slightly larger uncertainty.
Understanding molecular abundances in star-forming regions using interpretable machine learning
Authors: Heyl Johannes , Butterworth Joshua , Viti Serena 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Astrochemical modelling of the interstellar medium typically makes use of complex computational codes with parameters whose values can be varied. It is not always clear what the exact nature of the relationship is between these input parameters and the output molecular abundances. In this work, a feature importance analysis is conducted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), an interpretable machine learning technique, to identify the most important physical parameters as well as their relationship with each output. The outputs are the abundances of species and ratios of abundances. In order to reduce the time taken for this process, a neural network emulator is trained to model each species’ output abundance and this emulator is used to perform the interpretable machine learning. SHAP is then used to further explore the relationship between the physical features and the abundances for the various species and ratios we considered. H2O and CO’s gas phase abundances are found to strongly depend on the metallicity. NH3 has a strong temperature dependence, with there being two temperature regimes (&lt;100 K and &gt;100 K). By analysing the chemical network, we relate this to the chemical reactions in our network and find the increased temperature results in increased efficiency of destruction pathways. We investigate the HCN/HNC ratio and show that it can be used as a cosmic thermometer, agreeing with the literature. This ratio is also found to be correlated with the metallicity. The HCN/CS ratio serves as a density tracer, but also has three separate temperature-dependence regimes, which are linked to the chemistry of the two molecules.
Glioma genetic profiles associated with electrophysiologic hyperexcitability
Authors: Tobochnik Steven , Dorotan Maria Kristina C , Ghosh Hia S , Lapinskas Emily , Vogelzang Jayne , Reardon David A , Ligon Keith L , Bi Wenya Linda , Smirnakis Stelios M , Lee Jong Woo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Distinct genetic alterations determine glioma aggressiveness, however, the diversity of somatic mutations contributing to peritumoral hyperexcitability and seizures over the course of the disease is uncertain. This study aimed to identify tumor somatic mutation profiles associated with clinically significant hyperexcitability.

Methods
A single center cohort of adults with WHO grades 1–4 glioma and targeted exome sequencing (n = 1716) was analyzed and cross-referenced with a validated EEG database to identify the subset of individuals who underwent continuous EEG monitoring (n = 206). Hyperexcitability was defined by the presence of lateralized periodic discharges and/or electrographic seizures. Cross-validated discriminant analysis models trained exclusively on recurrent somatic mutations were used to identify variants associated with hyperexcitability.

Results
The distribution of WHO grades and tumor mutational burdens were similar between patients with and without hyperexcitability. Discriminant analysis models classified the presence or absence of EEG hyperexcitability with an overall accuracy of 70.9%, regardless of IDH1 R132H inclusion. Predictive variants included nonsense mutations in ATRX and TP53, indel mutations in RBBP8 and CREBBP, and nonsynonymous missense mutations with predicted damaging consequences in EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA, TP53, and USP28. This profile improved estimates of hyperexcitability in a multivariate analysis controlling for age, sex, tumor location, integrated pathologic diagnosis, recurrence status, and preoperative epilepsy. Predicted somatic mutation variants were over-represented in patients with hyperexcitability compared to individuals without hyperexcitability and those who did not undergo continuous EEG.

Conclusion
These findings implicate diverse glioma somatic mutations in cancer genes associated with peritumoral hyperexcitability. Tumor genetic profiling may facilitate glioma-related epilepsy prognostication and management.
Superconductivity with Tc of 116 K discovered in antimony polyhydrides
Authors: Lu Ke , He Xin , Zhang Changling , Li Zhiwen , Zhang Sijia , Min Baosen , Zhang Jun , Zhao Jianfa , Shi Luchuan , Peng Yi , Feng Shaomin , Liu Qingqing , Song Jing , Yu Richeng , Wang Xiancheng , Wang Yu , Bykov Maxim , Jin Changqing 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Superconductivity (SC) was experimentally observed for the first time in antimony polyhydride. The diamond anvil cell combined with a laser heating system was used to synthesize the antimony polyhydride sample at high pressure and high temperature. In-situ high pressure transport measurements as a function of temperature with an applied magnetic field were performed to study the SC properties. It was found that the antimony polyhydride samples show superconducting transition with critical temperature Tc 116 K at 184 GPa. The investigation of SC at magnetic field revealed the superconducting coherent length of ∼40 Å based on the Ginzburg Landau (GL) equation. Antimony polyhydride superconductor has the second highest Tc in addition to sulfur hydride among the polyhydrides of elements from main groups IIIA to VIIA in the periodic table.
A Cross-Sectional Survey on Oral Nicotine Pouches: Characterizing Use-Motives, Topography, Dependence Levels, and Adverse Events
Authors: Dowd Ashley N , Thrul Johannes , Czaplicki Lauren , Kennedy Ryan D , Moran Meghan B , Spindle Tory R 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) contain a crystalized nicotine powder instead of tobacco leaves. ONPs come in a variety of flavors and are often marketed as “tobacco-free,” but research on ONP use-motivations and related experiences is limited.

Aims and Methods
This cross-sectional web-based survey collected self-report data on ONP use-characteristics (eg, frequency), brands and flavors used, use-motivations, dependence (Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco [FTND-ST]), and ONP-related adverse events (AEs) experienced.

Results
The sample included 118 adults who reported current (past 30-day) ONP use. On average (SD), participants reported ONP use on 13 (6) days during the past month. Most participants (% of the sample) also reported the use of tobacco cigarettes (74%) and/or electronic cigarettes (53%) during the past month. Zyn (27%) and Lucy (19%) were the most currently used ONP brands with mint (23%) and tobacco (16%) as the most currently used flavors. The availability of preferred flavors was the most frequently reported (31%) ONP use-motivation. The sample demonstrated significant dependence levels (FTND-ST = 7, SD = 2). Reported AEs included mouth lesions (48%), upset stomach (39%), sore mouth (37%), sore throat (21%), and nausea (9%). Results should be interpreted in the context of study limitations, including using a relatively small and homogeneous online convenience sample. Acknowledging the limitations, this sample was deemed appropriate to include considering the novelty of the findings, the dearth of related research, and the necessity of examining foundational ONP use-characteristics (eg, topography, AEs); however, future research should consider recruiting larger and more generalizable samples.

Conclusions
The availability of preferred flavors was a key ONP use-motivation in this sample. Mint and tobacco were the most currently used flavors, with Zyn and Lucy being the most currently used ONP brands. Participants reported dependence and a substantial number of ONP-related AEs. Nationally representative surveys should investigate ONP use along with outcomes included in the current study (eg, AEs) to inform ONP surveillance and policy development efforts.

Implications
This study is among the first to assess reasons for initiating/maintaining ONP use as well as other relevant use-experiences (eg, AEs, dependence). These results highlight the role of flavors and nicotine dependence in ONP use, which are important considerations for informing ONP regulations.
Application of Deep Learning in Clinical Settings for Detecting and Classifying Malaria Parasites in Thin Blood Smears
Authors: Wang Geng , Luo Guoju , Lian Heqing , Chen Lei , Wu Wei , Liu Hui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Scarcity of annotated image data sets of thin blood smears makes expert-level differentiation among Plasmodium species challenging. Here, we aimed to establish a deep learning algorithm for identifying and classifying malaria parasites in thin blood smears and evaluate its performance and clinical prospect.

Methods
You Only Look Once v7 was used as the backbone network for training the artificial intelligence algorithm model. The training, validation, and test sets for each malaria parasite category were randomly selected. A comprehensive analysis was performed on 12 708 thin blood smear images of various infective stages of 12 546 malaria parasites, including P falciparum, P vivax, P malariae, P ovale, P knowlesi, and P cynomolgi. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 380 patients diagnosed with malaria. Additionally, blood samples from monkeys diagnosed with malaria were used to analyze P cynomolgi. The accuracy for detecting Plasmodium-infected blood cells was assessed through various evaluation metrics.

Results
The total time to identify 1116 malaria parasites was 13 seconds, with an average analysis time of 0.01 seconds for each parasite in the test set. The average precision was 0.902, with a recall and precision of infected erythrocytes of 96.0% and 94.9%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity exceeded 96.8% and 99.3%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve &gt;0.999. The highest sensitivity (97.8%) and specificity (99.8%) were observed for trophozoites and merozoites.

Conclusions
The algorithm can help facilitate the clinical and morphologic examination of malaria parasites.