bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) plus darunavir/cobicistat in heavily antiretroviral-experienced, virologically suppressed HIV-infected adults receiving complex regimens
Authors: Podzamczer Daniel , Imaz Arkaitz , Lopez-Lirola Ana , Knobel Hernando , Masiá Mar , Fanciulli Chiara , Hernández Cristina , Lagarde María , Gutierrez Angela , Curran Adrià , Morano Luis , Montero-Alonso Marta , Troya Jesús , Rigo Raúl , Casadellà María , Navarro-Alcaraz Antonio , Ardila Fernando , Parera Mariona , Bernal Enrique , Echeverria Patricia , Estrada Vicente , Hidalgo-Tenorio Carmen , Macias Juan , Prieto Paula , Portilla Joaquín , Valencia Eulalia , Vivancos María Jesús , Rivero Antonio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the two-pill regimen bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) plus darunavir/cobicistat as a switching strategy in heavily treatment-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH).

Methods
Multicentre, prospective, single-arm pilot clinical trial. Participants were virologically suppressed adults receiving a stable antiretroviral regimen of at least three pills from at least three drug families due to previous virological failures and/or toxicities with no documented resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors or darunavir (≥15 points, Stanford). Clinical and laboratory assessments were performed at 0, 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks. HIV-1 proviral DNA was amplified and sequenced by Illumina at baseline. Plasma bictegravir concentrations were determined in 22 patients using UHPLC-MS/MS. The primary study endpoint was viral load (VL)&lt; 50 copies/mL at Week 48 (ITT).

Results
We enrolled 63 participants (92% men) with median baseline CD4 count of 515 cells/mm3 (IQR: 334.5–734.5), 24 years on ART (IQR: 15.9–27.8). The median number of pills was 4 (range: 3–10). At baseline, proviral DNA was amplified in 39 participants: 33/39 had resistance mutations. Three participants discontinued owing to toxicity. At 48 weeks, 95% had VL &lt; 50 copies/mL by ITT and 100% by PP analysis. A modest increase was observed in the bictegravir plasma concentration, and a significant decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate was observed only at Week 4, probably related to interaction with renal transporters.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that BIC/FTC/TAF + darunavir/cobicistat is an effective, well-tolerated regimen that may improve convenience and, potentially, long-term success in stable heavily pre-treated PLWH.
Quantification of Free Immunoglobulin Light Chains in Urine
Authors: Singh Gurmukh , Cotter Thomas , Ye Mon May , Xu Hongyan , Bollag Roni J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The serum-free immunoglobulin light chain assay has been recommended as a screening test for monoclonal gammopathy. We evaluated the usefulness of urine free immunoglobulin light concentration for selection of specimens for immunofixation electrophoresis.

Methods
Using kits from The Binding Site for Freelite ®, we validated examination of urine for measuring free κ and λ light chains. The results of urine free light chain concentrations were evaluated to ascertain if the results could be used to reduce the number of specimens requiring urine protein immunofixation electrophoresis.

Results
In the 515 specimens examined, there was no evidence of monoclonal gammopathy or history of monoclonal gammopathy in 331. Monoclonal κ or λ light chains were detectable in 42 and 30 specimens, respectively. There was history of κ or λ chain associated monoclonal gammopathy in 62 and 50 patients, respectively. In the 38 monoclonal κ positive urine specimens, with light chain data, κ/λ ratio was &gt;5.83 in all specimens. In 27 specimens positive for monoclonal λ light chains, with light chain data, the urine λ/κ ratio was &gt; 0.17 in 24 of 27 specimens and &gt; 0.041 in all specimens. In patients without monoclonal gammopathy all specimens had a κ/λ ratio of &gt;5.83 or λ/κ ratio &gt;0.17.

Conclusions
The Freelite ® assay from The Binding Site is suitable for quantification of free light chains in urine. In patients with known history of monoclonal gammopathy, urine immunofixation electrophoresis may be omitted in specimens with κ/λ ratio of &lt;5.83 for κ associated lesions and λ/κ ratio of &lt;0.041 for λ associated lesions. However, the results do not support using this test for first-time urine testing for monoclonal light chains as it is not predictive of positive result, nor does it exclude a monoclonal light chain in urine.
Optimizing usability of a mobile health intervention for Spanish-speaking Latinx people with HIV through user-centered design: a post-implementation study
Authors: Petros De Guex Kristen , Flickinger Tabor E , Mayevsky Lisa , Zaveri Hannah , Goncalves Michael , Reed Helen , Pesina Lazaro , Dillingham Rebecca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
Latinx people comprise 30% of all new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the United States and face many challenges to accessing and engaging with HIV care. To bridge these gaps in care, a Spanish-language mobile health (mHealth) intervention known as ConexionesPositivas (CP) was adapted from an established English-language platform called PositiveLinks (PL) to help improve engagement in care and reduce viral nonsuppression among its users. We aimed to determine how CP can address the challenges that Latinx people with HIV (PWH) in the United States face.

Materials and methods
We conducted a post-implementation study of the CP mHealth platform, guided by principles of user-centered design. We enrolled 20 Spanish-speaking CP users in the study, who completed the previously validated System Usability Scale (SUS) and semistructured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and translated for analysis. We performed thematic coding of interview transcripts in Dedoose.

Results
The SUS composite score was 75, which is within the range of good usability. Four categories of themes were identified in the interviews: client context, strengths of CP, barriers to use and dislikes, and suggestions to improve CP. Positive impacts included encouraging self-monitoring of medication adherence, mood and stress, connection to professional care, and development of a support system for PWH.

Discussion
While CP is an effective and easy-to-use application, participants expressed a desire for improved personalization and interactivity, which will guide further iteration.

Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of tailoring mHealth interventions to improve equity of access, especially for populations with limited English proficiency.
Evolution of Pantomime in Dyadic Interaction. A Motion Capture Study
Authors: Placiński Marek , Żywiczyński Przemysław , Matzinger Theresa , Sibierska Marta , Boruta-Żywiczyńska Monika , Szala Anna , Wacewicz Sławomir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Due to the robust iconic potential of visual representations, gestural, and pantomimic hypotheses of language origins are well suited to provide solutions to the bootstrapping problem: how to begin communicating when no signs yet exist. However, the one-off, unstandardised nature of improvised gestures and pantomimes implies substantial costs in terms of time, cognitive effort, and replication fidelity. Hence, gestural and pantomimic hypotheses point to pressures for efficiency that would streamline the originally unwieldy embodied representations into forms that are progressively reduced, take up less space and time, and are less costly to produce. Pantomimic theories of language origins are especially interesting from this perspective since they put a spotlight on the transition from whole-body pantomimes into manual-only gestures. These processes, which we refer to as reduction and manual specialisation, have been virtually unaddressed with direct measurement. We report an experiment in which participants used whole-body pantomimes to communicate a set of transitive actions. Motion-capture technology was used to measure the kinematic characteristics of participants’ movements. In line with the prediction of pantomimic hypotheses of language origins, we saw an increase in the ratio of hand and arm movements versus the movements of other bodily articulators, suggesting a gradual transition from more costly whole-body pantomime to more economic manual gesture. We also found that with successive rounds of interaction, the volume of participants’ movements and the path travelled by their bodily articulators decreased.
Navigating knowledges: Community health workers as liminal professionals
Authors: Golden Annis G , Bencherki Nicolas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Community health workers (CHWs) occupy a liminal position in two senses: they are situated between the communities they come from and serve, and the health and social service professionals with whom they connect patients; and also between two forms of knowledge. In interacting with health and social service institutions, they draw on the ‘technical knowledge’ that dominates these settings. However, they must also draw on ‘communicative knowledge’, which is the situated and embodied knowledge needed to gain the trust of their community peers and to carry their voice, but which is often relegated to a secondary position. In this US-based study, we analyze interviews with CHWs, their supervisors, and advocates of their work, to better understand how CHWs mobilize discursive resources to combine these two forms of knowledge and, in doing so, constitute their liminal position as an essential asset. Our findings support valuing CHWs’ incorporation within healthcare teams, so that health and social service professionals can directly interact with CHWs’ situated and embodied knowledge of patients.
OsTCP19 coordinates inhibition of lignin biosynthesis and promotion of cellulose biosynthesis to modify lodging resistance in rice
Authors: Lv Siwei , Lin Zengshun , Shen Junhui , Luo Laifu , Xu Qingguo , Li Laigeng , Gui Jinshan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Lignin and cellulose are two essential elements of plant secondary cell walls that shape the mechanical characteristics of the culm to prevent lodging. However, how the regulation of the lignin and cellulose composition is combined to achieve optimal mechanical characteristics is unclear. Here, we show that increasing OsTCP19 expression in rice coordinately repressed lignin biosynthesis and promoted cellulose biosynthesis, resulting in enhanced lodging resistance. In contrast, repression of OsTCP19 coordinately promoted lignin biosynthesis and inhibited cellulose biosynthesis, leading to greater susceptibility to lodging. We found that OsTCP19 binds to the promoters of both MYB108 and MYB103L to increase their expression, with the former being responsible for repressing lignin biosynthesis and the latter for promoting cellulose biosynthesis. Moreover, up-regulation of OsTCP19 in fibers improved grain yield and lodging resistance. Thus, our results identify the OsTCP19-OsMYB108/OsMYB103L module as a key regulator of lignin and cellulose production in rice, and open up the possibility for precisely manipulating lignin–cellulose composition to improve culm mechanical properties for lodging resistance.
Links between optical and X-ray light in Scorpius X-1
Authors: Igl Alexander B , Hynes R I , Britt C T , O’Brien K S , Mikles V J 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We observed the low-mass X-ray binary Sco X-1 for 12 nights simultaneously using the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer and the Otto Struve Telescope at McDonald Observatory at 1-s time-resolution. This is among the most comprehensive simultaneous X-Ray/optical data sets of Sco X-1. Evidence of reprocessing was observed in the form of nine positive, near-zero lag peaks in the cross-correlation function, eight of which were relatively small, and took the shape of piecewise exponential functions. These peaks were initially identified by eye, after which a computational identification scheme was developed to confirm their significance. Based on their short lags (less than 4 s), as well as their occurrence on the flaring branch (FB) and soft apex, the small cross-correlation features are likely to be caused by reprocessing off the outer disc, although the companion could still make a contribution to their tails. The Z track was parameterized using a rank number scheme so that the system’s location on the track could be numerically defined. Plotting the results against the optical reveals an increasing step function when moving from the horizontal branch to the normal branch (NB) to the FB, with differential optical levels at ∼0.47, ∼0.57, and ∼1.1, respectively. An additional correlation between Z track location and the optical was found on the upper FB. An optical intensity histogram reveals a transition region between the NB and FB with only intermediate fluxes.
Time-dependent global simulations of a thin accretion disc: the effects of magnetically driven winds on thermal instability
Authors: Zhao Yu , Yang Xiao-Hong , Xue Li , Li Shuang-Liang 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
According to the standard thin disc theory, it is predicted that the radiation-pressure-dominated inner region of a thin disc is thermally unstable, while observations suggest that it is common for a thin disc of more than 0.01 Eddington luminosity to be in a thermally stable state. Previous studies have suggested that magnetically driven winds have the potential to suppress instability. In this work, we implement one-dimensional global simulations of the thin accretion disc to study the effects of magnetically driven winds on thermal instability. The winds play a role in transferring the angular momentum of the disc and cooling the disc. When the mass outflow rate of winds is low, the important role of winds is to transfer the angular momentum and then shorten the outburst period. When the winds have a high mass outflow rate, they can calm down the thermal instability. We also explore the parameter space of the magnetic field strength and the mass loading parameter.
Towards a holistic magnetic braking model from the evolution of cataclysmic variables to stellar spin-down – I: the spin-down of fully convective M-dwarfs
Authors: Sarkar Arnab , Yungelson Lev , Tout Christopher A 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We extend a magnetic braking (MB) model, which has been used earlier to address the evolution of cataclysmic variables, to address the spin period Pspin evolution of fully convective M-dwarf (FCMD) stars. The MB mechanism is an α–Ω dynamo, which leads to stellar winds that carry away angular momentum. We model our MB torque such that the FCMDs experience an MB torque, approximately scaling as $P_\mathrm{spin}^{-1}$ at shorter periods, before transitioning into a Skumanich-type MB torque, scaling as $P_\mathrm{spin}^{-3}$. We also implement a parametrized reduction in the wind mass-loss owing to the entrapment of winds in dead zones. We choose a set of initial conditions and vary the two free parameters in our model to find a good match of our spin trajectories with open clusters containing FCMDs such as NGC2547, Pleiades, NGC2516, and Praesepe. We find that our model can explain the long spin periods of field stars and that a spread in spin distribution persists till over 3 Gyr. An advantage of our model is in relating physically motivated estimations of the magnetic field strength and stellar wind to properties of the stellar dynamo, which other models often remain agnostic about. We track the spin dependence of the wind mass-losses, Alfvén radii, and surface magnetic fields and find good agreement with observations. We discuss the implications of our results on the effect of the host FCMD on any orbiting exoplanets and our plans to extend this model to explain solar-like stars in the future.
Decoding the age–chemical structure of the Milky Way disc: an application of copulas and elicitable maps
Authors: Patil Aarya A , Bovy Jo , Jaimungal Sebastian , Frankel Neige , Leung Henry W 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In the Milky Way, the distribution of stars in the [α/Fe] versus [Fe/H] and [Fe/H] versus age planes holds essential information about the history of star formation, accretion, and dynamical evolution of the Galactic disc. We investigate these planes by applying novel statistical methods called copulas and elicitable maps to the ages and abundances of red giants in the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey. We find that the high- and low-α disc stars have a clean separation in copula space and use this to provide an automated separation of the α sequences using a purely statistical approach. This separation reveals that the high-α disc ends at the same [α/Fe] and age at high [Fe/H] as the low-[Fe/H] start of the low-α disc, thus supporting a sequential formation scenario for the high- and low-α discs. We then combine copulas with elicitable maps to precisely obtain the correlation between stellar age τ and metallicity [Fe/H] conditional on Galactocentric radius R and height z in the range 0 &lt; R &lt; 20 kpc and |z| &lt; 2 kpc. The resulting trends in the age–metallicity correlation with radius, height, and [α/Fe] demonstrate a ≈0 correlation wherever kinematically cold orbits dominate, while the naively expected negative correlation is present where kinematically hot orbits dominate. This is consistent with the effects of spiral-driven radial migration, which must be strong enough to completely flatten the age–metallicity structure of the low-α disc.
Exploring the potential of Twinkle to unveil the nature of LTT 1445 Ab
Authors: Phillips Caprice L , Wang Ji , Edwards Billy , Martínez Romy Rodríguez , Asnodkar Anusha Pai , Gaudi B Scott 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We explore the prospects for Twinkle to determine the atmospheric composition of the nearby terrestrial-like planet LTT 1445 Ab, including the possibility of detecting the potential biosignature ammonia (NH3). At a distance of 6.9 pc, this system is the second closest known transiting system and will be observed through transmission spectroscopy with the upcoming Twinkle mission. Although LTT 1445 Ab has been suggested to be a candidate for a Hycean world, constraints on the interior composition based on its mass and radius suggests that the planet lacks a substantial water layer, and thus the proposed Hycean scenario is disfavoured. We use PETITRADTRANS and a Twinkle simulator to simulate transmission spectra for the more likely scenario of a cold Haber world for which NH3 is considered to be a biosignature. We study the detectability under different scenarios: varying hydrogen fraction, concentration of ammonia, and cloud coverage. We find that ammonia can be detected at an ∼3σ level for optimal (non-cloudy) conditions with 25 transits and a volume mixing ration of 4.0 ppm of NH3. We provide examples of retrieval analysis to constrain potential NH3 and H2O in the atmosphere. Our study illustrates the potential of Twinkle to characterize atmospheres of potentially habitable exoplanets.
The Unified Cluster Catalogue: towards a comprehensive and homogeneous data base of stellar clusters
Authors: Perren Gabriel I , Pera María S , Navone Hugo D , Vázquez Rubén A 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We introduce the Unified Cluster Catalogue, the largest catalogue of stellar clusters currently listing nearly 14 000 objects. In this initial release, it exclusively contains Milky Way open clusters, with plans to include other objects in future updates. Each cluster is processed using a novel probability membership algorithm, which incorporates the coordinates, parallax, proper motions, and their associated uncertainties for each star into the probability assignment process. We employ Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) up to a G magnitude of 20, resulting in the identification of over a million probable members. The catalogue is accompanied by a publicly accessible website designed to simplify the search and data exploration of stellar clusters. The website can be accessed at https://ucc.ar.
Impact of internal structure on aggregate collisions
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Rahul , Planes María Belén , Millán Emmanuel N , Bringa Eduardo M , Urbassek Herbert M 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Granular-mechanics simulations are used to study collisions between granular aggregates. We compare the collision outcomes for three different types of aggregate: (i) aggregates constructed by a ballistic particle–cluster aggregation (BPCA) process, and two homogeneous spherical aggregates which differ by their grain coordination. All aggregates contain the same number of grains and (central) filling factor. We find that BPCA aggregates have a slightly decreased growth velocity for central impacts. After scaling the collision velocities to the growth velocity for central impact and the impact parameter to the gyration radius, our collision results show a remarkable degree of agreement for the aggregates studied. Also, the collision-induced compaction as well as the size of fluctuations during the collision process are identical for all aggregate types. Even at glancing collisions, the larger extension and rough surface of BPCA aggregates do not cause major changes as compared to homogeneous aggregates with a well-defined and smooth surface. However, monomer ejection during the collision is enhanced for BPCA aggregates. This study thus shows that details of the internal aggregate structure are of little importance in collisions of granular aggregates, except for grain ejection.
Estimation of the diffusion time in a triaxial galactic potential
Authors: Cincotta P M , Giordano C M 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work we apply the Shannon entropy based method to derive a diffusion or instability time in a triaxial model resembling an elliptical galaxy. We succeed in getting an accurate time-scale for diffusion using this novel technique after adopting a particular initial starting space, the one defined by the unperturbed integrals of the system. Comparisons with other standard techniques, such as a least-squares fit on the variance evolution of the integrals and the straight numerical integrations of the equations of motion, are included. The physical results provided in this effort reveal that the role of chaotic motion in triaxial galactic models is almost irrelevant in galactic time-scales, in agreement with previous qualitative approaches to this issue.
A high fidelity Milky Way simulation with Kraken, Gaia-Enceladus, and Sequoia analogues: clues to their accretion histories
Authors: García-Bethencourt Guacimara , Brook Chris B , Grand Robert J J , Kawata Daisuke 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Within a simulated Milky Way-like galaxy, we identify and analyse analogues of the Gaia-Enceladus (GE), Kraken, and Sequoia mergers that each matches remarkably well observational results, including in velocity and chemical abundance space, and their distributions in the jz-Energy plane. The Kraken analogue is the earliest merger and has the highest total mass ratio. Consistent with previous studies, it is chemically indistinguishable from old in situ stars at the time of its accretion. The GE and Sequoia analogue events accrete at similar times in our simulation, both along filaments but from opposite sides of the main galaxy. The mean stellar ages of the GE and Sequoia analogues are both similar and, from our simulation results, we see that they can be separate entities and still naturally reproduce the observed properties of their stellar remnants at the present day, including the significant retrograde velocities of the Sequoia analogue remnant stars and the difference in the tracks of the two galaxies through chemical abundance space. Our results provide supporting information about the properties of these three merger events, and show for the first time that they can all be reproduced with a fully cosmological simulation, providing a possible self-consistent evolutionary pathway for the Milky Way’s formation.