bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Offenders of the Crime of Social Parasitism in Czechoslovakia 1956–1990
Authors: Dobeš Milan 
Published: December 2022

The offence of social parasitism was a typical institution of criminal law in socialist Czechoslovakia. Through its criminal regulation, the obligation to work (one of the characteristics of totalitarian states) was enforced. Social parasitism was committed by those who avoided proper work for a long time and who, at the same time, made a living in a way which was back in the time considered unfair or illegal. Typical perpetrators included prostitutes, property crime offenders, beggars, homeless people, gamblers or, last but not least, people who let someone else support them – typically people who had succumbed to alcohol addiction or newly adult individuals who did not enter the workforce and continued to be supported by their parents. To some extent, the communist regime used social parasitism to bully its opponents, taking advantage of the fact that the state was a de facto monopoly employer and could fire people from their jobs and refuse to employ them for no good reason.
Between Mutuum and Depositum: Deposit of Money under Ius Commune
Authors: Dvorský Václav 
Published: December 2022

This paper presents opinions of three medieval and early modern civil lawyers on the deposit of fungibles. In order to do that regular and irregular deposit and loan for consumption in Roman law are outlined first. Then the opinions contained in Glossa ordinaria and those of Paulus Castrensis and Philippus Decius are discussed. The first of these considered deposit of fungibles to be a deposit contract, the second one did so only under some circumstances and the last one was against this idea and considered it the loan for consumption. Finally, a short conclusion is given.
Phokaia Kazılarında Ele Geçen Pişmiş Toprak Çatı Kiremitleri ve Kiremidin Tarihsel Yolculuğu
Authors: GÖRDES Melike Aslı , GÜNGÖR Memduha Candan 
Published: December 2022

İnsanoğlu tarih öncesi çağlardan beri farklı nedenlerle barınma gereksinimi duymuştur. Dışarıdan gelecek tehlikelere karşı kendini korumak gibi içgüdüsel ihtiyaçlarla ortaya çıkan, ilkel barınaklar (ağaç dallarıyla oluşturulmuş), yerleşik düzene geçildiğinde ise daha kalıcı malzemelerle bu ihtiyaçlarını çözümlemeye çalışmışlardır. Seramik malzeme bu noktada, yapılarda kullanılan yegâne malzeme olmuştur.Tuğla, kiremit gibi yapı unsurlarını, çamurun içine karıştırdıkları saman gibi doğal malzemelerle güneşte kurutarak dayanıklılığını artırmışlar.
Yapıların üstünü örtmek için de dünyada tarih boyunca en sık kullanılan malzeme pişmiş topraktan yapılanlardır. Antik çağda yapıldıkları yere göre Korinth, Laconia ve Sicilia olarak isimlendirilen seramik kiremit tipleri günümüzde halen aynı isimlerle anılmaktadırlar. M.Ö. 7. Yüzyıldan itibaren kullanımı artmış olan kiremitler o dönemden itibaren çeşitli kültür ve gelenekleri içine alarak bugüne gelmişlerdir. Phokaia Antik Kenti’nde ele geçen pişmiş toprak kiremitlerin tip ve üretim şekli olarak diğer bölgelerdekilerle benzer olduğu bilinmekle beraber üretimleri konusunda bilinenler kısıtlı kalmıştır. Bu çalışma ile Phokaia bölgesinde bulunan pişmiş toprak kiremitlerin incelenmesi sunulmuştur.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PENYULUHAN PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA SENDIRI (SADARI) TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN KOMPETENSI WUS MELAKUKAN DETEKSI DINI KANKER PAYUDARA DI DESA PEJATEN SERANG BANTEN
Authors: Apriyanti Ika 
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang : Satu-satunya cara yang paling efektif yang dapat dilakukan untuk deteksi dini kemungkinan timbulnya penyakit ini adalah dengan melakukan Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri (SADARI) yang dapat menekan angka kematian sebesar 25-30%. Untuk para wanita yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang rendah tentang kanker payudara dan cara deteksinya perlu diberikan informasi mengenai kanker payudara dan cara deteksinya yaitu SADARI sejak usia remaja [1] Tujuan : untuk mengukur kemampuan WUS tentang SADARI, kemudian menganalisis tingkat perubahannya sebelum dan setelah diberikan penyuluhan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Pejaten Kec Kramatwatu serang Banten. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan pendekatan komparatif, Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan metode survei analitik. Hasil Penelitian bahwa pengetahuan WUS di lingkungan Desa Pejaten tentang SADARI mengalami peningkatan yang sangat signifikan setelah diberikan penyuluhan, pengetahun saat pretest sebesar 21% baik, lalu menjadi 83% baik saat posttest/setelah penyuluhan. Demikian juga hasil pada kemampuan praktik SADARI sebelum diberikan penyuluhan 98% belum mampu melakukan SADARI, menjadi 95% mampu melakukan SADARI setelah penyuluhan. Hasil uji Wilcoxon diperoleh nilai signifikasi 0,000 (p <0,05), nilai Z hitung sebesar -8.464. Hal ini berarti penyuluhan SADARI berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan WUS tentang deteksi dini kanker payudara di Desa Pejaten Serang Banten Tahun 2022. Demikian juga hasil Uji Wilcoxon pada kemampuan responden melakukan praktik SADARI yaitu 0,000 (p <0,05), nilai Z hitung sebesar -8.672.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK IBU HAMIL TERHADAP PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN STUNTING
Authors: Jumjum Jumiati 
Published: December 2022

Latar Belakang : Pencegahan stunting mulai dari awal kehamilan harus dilakukan agar dapat menurunkan kejadian stunting pada anak. Kejadian stunting dapat terjadi pada masa kehamilan dikarenakan asupan gizi yang kurang saat hamil, pola makan yang tidak sesuai, serta kualitas makanan yang rendah sehingga mengakibatkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan. Tujuan : penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik ibu hamil dalam pencegahan stunting di Puskesmas Serang Kota. Desain Penelitian ini cross- sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah ibu hamil trimester II yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mapane, berjumlah 49 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling. Metode : penelitian dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional dengan sampel yaitu Ibu Hamil dengan anemia tau KEK di Puskesmas Serang Kota dengan dilakukan Pengujian hipotesis secara spesifik untuk mengetahui baik hubungan atau pengaruh signifikasinya antara Variabel penelitian implikasinya pada pencegahan stunting. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan ibu hamil yang mengalami anemi dengan prilaku pencegahan stunting di Puskesmas Serang Kota Tahun 2022. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara Usia, Gravida dan Pendidikan ibu hamil yang mengalami anemi dengan prilaku pencegahan stunting di Puskesmas Serang Kota Tahun 2022. Saran : bidan dalam memnerikan konseling atau penyuluhan kepada ibu hamil selalu didampingi oleh keluarga yang serumah atau dekat dengan tempat tinggalnya sehingga bisa saling mengingatkan kalua ada kebiasaan atau pemunuhan nutrisinya kurang baik untukm mesehatan ibu hamil dan pertumbuhan serta perkembangan bayinya.
Digitaliseringens dilemmaer
Authors: Hansen Jens Jørgen , Buus Lillian , Hansen Stig Børsen 
Published: December 2022

I LOM 25 sætter vi fokus på de dilemmaer, barrierer og paradokser, der udspiller sig, når uddannelse, undervisning og læring i stigende omfang digitaliseres. Eksempler på dilemmaer er, når uddannelsesinstitutioner vælger digitale platforme, som i sig selv rummer pædagogiske muligheder og begrænsninger. En barriere kan være når undervisere udvikler undervisningsmaterialer og støder på ophavsretslige udfordringer. Et lærerteam kan have udviklet et undervisningsforløb og stille spørgsmålet: hvem ejer dette materiale? (Hamilton & Feenberg, 2005). Når studerende i en opgave laver interviews og spørgeskemaundersøgelser og møder udfordringer i forhold til GDPR-problematikker som samtykke, opbevaring af data og databehandling eller med andre ord; når den digitale ressource bliver styrende for didaktikken.
Digitaliseringens dilemmaer rummer således et bredt spekter af etiske og juridiske udfordringer, men også pædagogiske, strategiske og kvalitetsmæssige dilemmaer, der findes på både institutionelle- undervisningsmæssige- og læringsmæssige niveauer.
July 22nd a window of opportunity for police reform?
Authors: Larsson Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article deals with questions concerning the relationship between the Norwegian police reform of 2016 and the terrorist attack at Utøya in 2011. The 2016 reform is often presented as an automatic response to the attack by media, politicians and the Police Director. As something that had to be done. A reform that had been in the cupboard for more than a decade since the previous reform of 2000 and was simply dusted off and presented as a neat and fresh general solution to many different problems facing the police. The article argues that the terror attack on July 22nd and the subsequent July 22nd Report (The Gjørv Report, NOU 2012:14) presented “a window of opportunity”or police management to make changes not only in the organization of the police, but also in regard to basic ideals of policing. These are changes that would have raised political resistance under normal circumstances. Furthermore, they had little connection to the basic problems of the force as identified in the July 22nd Report and in the debate concerning the police response after the attack.
The Practice of Cramming among Pre-Clinical Medical Students and Their Remedial Examination Result: A Simple Preliminary Demographic Analysis
Authors: Sunarti Lusia Sri , Diani Yusias Hikmat , Alfarabi Muhammad , Cing Jap Mai , Arodes Evy Suryani , Kurniaty Linggom , Siagian Forman Erwin , Fachly Alifa Hasna Ramadhani 
Published: December 2022

Aims: To analyze the practice of cramming among pre-clinical medical students during the remedial examination based on their gender and place of residence, along with a review of the literature on the factors that foster this practice.
Study Design: Simple cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta- Indonesia, throughout August 2022.
Methodology: Analysis of demographics data, gender and place of residence, of the cramming and non-cramming students, with the results of total 36 remedial exam scores for courses/block in the second, fourth, and sixth semesters.
Results: Out of 2413, 739 (30.62%) were male and 1674 (69.37%) were female, and 1054 (43.68%) live in boarding houses and 1359 (56.31%) live in their own private house. Cramming conducted by 1553 students (64.35%) consisting of 505 males (32.51%) and 1049 female (67.54%). Based on the total number of participants taking the remedial exam, the prevalence of cramming was slightly higher in male student (68.33%) compared to female student (62.66%). Based on their place of residence, most of the perpetrator live in their own house (n=935 or 60.20%) and 39.80% live in boarding houses (n=619). Statistic analysis using Pearson chi-square on the gender differences and place of residence in cramming behavior both were proved significant (P=0.007 and P=0.000). The average passing percentage of cramming perpetrator is only 43.13% with very low mean score (50.13). There is a reduction in the prevalence of cramming as the students reach higher level of education.
Conclusion: Cramming among medical students still a common practice although the success story regarding this activity is still questionable because there are still more perpetrators who fail the exam and do not reach the lower threshold value of passing.
Effect of Fixed-Dose Combination of Efonidipine + S(-) Metoprolol in Indian Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Dewan Bhupesh , Shinde Siddheshwar , Kondekar Shweta 
Published: December 2022

Aim: To evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of the fixed-dose combination (FDC) of Efonidipine and S (-) Metoprolol in adult patients with hypertension.
Study Design: Multicentric, double-blind, randomized, parallel, comparative Phase III trial.
Methodology: This clinical trial was conducted at five geographically distributed sites across India and enrolled 240 hypertensive patients. They were randomized (1:1) to receive either FDC of Efonidipine 40 mg + S (-) Metoprolol 25 mg tablet (E+S(-)M group) or FDC of Cilnidipine 10 mg + Metoprolol 50 mg tablet (C+M group) once daily for 90 days. Patients were evaluated for changes in their blood pressure (BP) from baseline to Day 30, 60 and 90. The study site staff, investigator and patients were blinded to the treatment allocation. Blood pressure was recorded as the mean of 3 consecutive measurements taken in a sitting position. Patients achieving target BP (<140/90 mmHg) were evaluated and the safety and tolerability were assessed based on the incidences of adverse events (AEs).
Results: This study focused on evaluating the mean Systolic BP (SBP) and Diastolic BP (DBP) reduction from baseline to Day 30, 60 and 90. At baseline, patients had a mean (±SD) SBP and DBP of 154.60 (±11.33) mmHg and 98.68 (±8.18) mmHg respectively. After 30 days of the E+S(-)M treatment, the mean SBP/DBP was 136.06±10.55/ 86.68±5.51 mmHg (p<0.0001) and on Day 60 it was 129.48±10.51/ 84.17±5.51mmHg (P <0.0001), corresponding to mean reductions in SBP/DBP of 18.09/11.66 and 24.78/14.17 mmHg, respectively. There was a statistically significant (p <0.0001) reduction to 123.59 ± 15.21 mmHg in SBP and 82.38 ± 5.05 mmHg in DBP observed on Day 90 as compared to baseline. Post-treatment with E+S(-)M group, SBP/DBP reduction of 31.01/16.29 mmHg in hypertensive patients was observed. A total of 95% of the patients achieved a pre-defined target BP <140/90 mmHg on the administration of E+S(-)M. Furthermore, it was observed that 93% of Stage I and 96% of Stage II hypertensive patients achieved the target BP goal. A total of 5.78% of patients experienced adverse events (AEs) in the E+S(-)M group which was similar to that of C+M group. All AEs were mild in severity and resolved without any sequelae at the end of the study. No unexpected adverse events were reported, and the E+S(-)M dosage regimen was well tolerated by the patients. Both the treatment groups were non-inferior to each other.
Conclusion: The study results demonstrated clinically meaningful reductions in blood pressure after administration of FDC of Efonidipine 40 mg + S(-) Metoprolol 25 mg over a period of 90 days. The treatment was efficacious, safe, and well‑tolerated in the study population.
Synthesis, Characterization, In vitro and In silico Studies of a Novel Hydrazone Compound
Authors: Enedoh M. C. 
Published: December 2022

The geometric increase of drug-resistant bacteria pathogens has made urgent the research, development and production of new antibacterial and antifungal compounds, hence the synthesis of this novel compound as a potential antibacterial drug. As hydrazones enhanced generally with thiazoles which are 5-membered ring compound containing active nitrogen and sulphur molecules (C3H3NS) have been proven to exhibit strong antibacterial and antifungal activities, in this study, salicylaldehyde -4- thiazoleacetic acid hydrazone(SAFTAH) compound was synthesized. The novel compound was characterized and subjected to anti-microbial screening. The microbes employed were staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia Coli, streptococcus and klebsialla aerogene. The compound was found to be active against Escherichia coli as the test result recorded ++ indicating ‘very active’ unlike the other three microbes which either had + or none. To validate this inhibition of Escherichia coli by the novel compound and to detect the active site of their interactions, in silico molecular docking analysis of the novel compound against aminopeptidase N from E. coli which is known to promote virulence to the microbe in question was carried out. Six drugs commonly used for the treatment of E. coli vis-a-viz, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, doxycycline, rifamycin, rifaximin and sulfamethoxazole were subjected to same type of silico studies. The result of the docking indicated that the novel hydrazone compound is more efficient and effective than five of the E. coli inhibitory drugs, as the novel compound has lower binding energy of-6.6 after the docking, while ciproxafloxacin drug is -6.0, doxycycline drug, -6.2, rifamycin drug, -5.2, rifaximin drug, -5.7 and sulfamethoxazole drug, -6.6. The synthesized compound has also better interaction with the active site of the microbe concerned as shown in the images for the interactions as follows:- The newly synthesized compound has 5Hb & 9vdW = 14bonds, ciproxafloxacin has 3Hb & 9vdW = 12bonds, doxycycline has 2Hb & 4vdW = 06bonds, rifamycin has 2Hb & 4vdW = 06bonds, rifaximin has 0Hb & 4vdW = 04bonds, sulfamethoxazole has 4Hb & 6vdW = 10bonds. Compounds with lower binding energy and good interactions with the active site of the enzyme prove to be better drugs in pharmacy. Sulfamethoxazole drug which has same binding energy with the novel compound has lower interaction with the active site of the bacterium. Therefore, Salicylaldehyde -4- thiazoleacetic acid hydrazone could be a potential and better drug for the cure of E. coli infection.
Structural Reformation of Nigeria Police Force through Strategic Human Resource Management Framework
Authors: Oyindamola Adepoju, Omoseni , Opeyemi David, Love , Oluwagaloba Akinkuotu, Joshua 
Published: December 2022

Aims: The Police force stabilizes public institutions for societal tranquillity, economic development, peaceful coexistence and is an integral pillar in securing human development, which unfortunately operates as a mirage in Nigeria. Therefore, this study seeks to provide appropriate recommendations for structural reform of the Nigeria Police force using the strategic human resource management (SHRM) approach to the identified challenges facing the Nigerian Police Force.
Study Design: The study utilized a qualitative research design.
Methodology: The study used a systematic literature review of qualitative research methodology through the thorough and critical content analysis of reports, journals, publications, and news.
Results: The study findings revealed five significant challenges hindering police effectiveness in Nigeria and developed a 10 X 5 SHRM framework that included ten (10) strategic focus and five (5) strategies.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the 10 X 5 strategic human resource management frameworks will provided the needed reforms and recommended the 1829 nine (9) policing principles and three (3) core ideas of Sir Robert Peel.
Decisional Conflict in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Hoesseini Arta , Dorr Maarten C. , Dronkers Emilie A. C. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert Jan , Sewnaik Aniel , Offerman Marinella P. J. 
Published: December 2022

ImportancePatients who experience less decisional conflict (DC) are more engaged in treatment and less prone to decisional regret, nervousness, and fretting.ObjectivesTo assess DC among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) after the treatment decision consultation and the association between DC and quality of life as well as the degree of control patients experience in the decision-making process using the control preference scale and the association with DC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study with 2 separate cohorts was conducted at a tertiary cancer center and included patients who were eligible for curative treatment of a primary squamous cell carcinoma between January 2014 and August 2018. The 2 cohorts comprised 102 patients with small laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SLSCC) and 161 patients with other HNSCC.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDecisional Conflict Scale (DCS) score, which was scored within 2 weeks after the treatment decision consultation. Other measures included patient characteristics, tumor characteristics, and Control Preference Scale , EuroQol-5D, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Eating Assessment Tool, and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) scores.ResultsOf 263 patients, 50 (19%) were women; the mean (SD) age was 66.1 (11.4) years in the SLSCC group and 64.9 (9.8) years in the other HNSCC group. In the SLSCC group, 51 patients (50%) experienced clinically significant DC (total score ≥25) compared with 74 patients (46%) in the other HNSCC group. In the SLSCC group, there was a large difference in the median EuroQol-5D, Global Health status, HADS anxiety, HADS depression, and VHI scores between the patients with a total DCS score of less than 25 and total DCS score of 25 or greater, whereas in the other HNSCC group, this only applied to the VHI. Forty-four patients (43.1%) in the SLSCC group felt their treatment choice was a shared decision, and 39 (38.2%) made the decision themselves. In the other HNSCC group, 62 (38.5%) felt that the physician decided, and 56 (34.8%) felt it was a shared decision. In both groups there was a weak association between control preference scale scores and DC.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study found that almost half of patients (48%) experienced clinically significant DC. Several quality-of-life measures associated with clinically significant DC were identified. These results suggest that there is room for improvement in aiming to reduce decision delay and decision-related distress.
Nanoscopic biodosimetry using plasmid DNA in radiotherapy with metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Mansouri Elham , Mesbahi Asghar , Hejazi Mohammad Saied , Montazersaheb Soheila , Tarhriz Vahideh , Ghasemnejad Tohid , Zarei Mojtaba 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNanoscopic lesions (complex damages), are the most lethal lesions for the cells. As nanoparticles have become increasingly popular in radiation therapy and the importance of analyzing nanoscopic dose enhancement has increased, a reliable tool for nanodosimetry has become indispensable. In this regard, the DNA plasmid is a widely used tool as a nanodosimetry probe in radiobiology and nano‐radiosensitization studies. This approach is helpful for unraveling the radiosensitization role of nanoparticles in terms of physical and physicochemical effects and for quantifying radiation‐induced biological damage. This review discusses the potential of using plasmid DNA assays for assessing the relative effects of nano‐radiosensitizers, which can provide a theoretical basis for the development of nanoscopic biodosimetry and nanoparticle‐based radiotherapy.