bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filament Extension Atomization Spraying of High Concentration Whey Suspensions
Authors: Sangli Aditya N. , Hultmark Austin , Aldinger Graham , Rao Ranjeet , Johnson David M. , Parhi Ashutos , Sharma Prateek 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Conventional spray nozzles are used in industries to atomize fluids for many applications. But these nozzles cannot atomize fluids having large viscosities and non-Newtonian characteristics. Dairy fluids like whey suspensions are examples of such fluids. Nozzles used in atomization of such suspensions for spray drying only operate with fluids having high water content. Atomizing suspensions with low water content will conserve energy by lowering the load on the spray dryer. In this study, we have used Filament Extension Atomization (FEA) technology to spray sweet dry whey suspension at 80% solids loading and Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC 80) at 50% solids loading. These concentrations are 30% above current industrial standards. We present our formulation techniques and non-Newtonian rheology characterization of the suspensions. By spraying the suspensions with FEA, we demonstrate tight control over drop size distribution in the spray with a D50 &lt; 200 μm. Finally, we present a novel design for high throughput spraying of such dairy suspensions to be incorporated into industrial spray dryers.
Blast-Resistant Ballistic Materials
Authors: Thakkar Nishant 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Several bomb explosion assaults against military personnel, police officers, and public and civil structures have occurred in recent years, resulting in a significant loss. As a result, society requires increased protection and defense for current constructions from loads of oblasts. In the middle of the many options, retrofitting reinforced concrete and masonry structures with numerous forms and types of materials of composite and fiber is an excellent way to improve resistance to the blast. This paper provides a recent review of extant works & papers on polymers, composite & fibrous materials used for elements of structure defense from the blast, as well as a list of research gaps that need to be filled. Various innovative materials such as polymers, nanomaterials, composite materials, as well as fibrous materials are taken into consideration while writing this review paper. Composite materials have been employed in the blast and ballistic impact applications and are regarded as effective materials for absorbing blast energy. The stitching boosted the composite’s Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness, resulting in increased damage resistance. The basic composite system tested is carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite skins on a styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) polymer closed-cell foam core. In a comparable sandwich structure, glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite skins were also incorporated for comparison.
Effects of Low- Versus High-Velocity-Loss Thresholds With Similar Training Volume on Maximal Strength and Hypertrophy in Highly Trained Individuals
Authors: Myrholt Roger B. , Solberg Paul , Pettersen Henrik , Seynnes Olivier , Paulsen Gøran 
Published: February 2023

Aims: In the present intervention study, low-velocity-loss (LVL) versus high-velocity-loss (HVL) thresholds in the squat and bench press were compared for changes in muscle strength, power, and hypertrophy. Methods: Strength-trained volunteers (7♀ and 9♂; age: 27.2 [3.4] y; height: 174.6 [8.0] cm; body mass: 75.3 [10.1] kg) were randomized into an LVL or HVL threshold group (LVL n = 3♀ + 5♂, and HVL n = 4♀ + 4♂). Training took place 3 times per week over 6 weeks (loads: ∼75%–90% of 1-repetition maximum [1RM]). The thresholds of LVLs and HVLs were set at 20% and 40% of maximal velocity, respectively, for the squat, and at 30% and 60%, respectively, for the bench press. Before and after the intervention, 1RM, leg press power, and squat jump were tested. The load (∼45% of 1RM) corresponding to 1-m/s velocity was assessed in all sessions for both exercises. In addition, the thickness of the vastus lateralis and triceps brachii and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DEXA]) were measured. Results: Squat and bench-press 1RM increased similarly in both groups by 7% to 11% (SD: 4%–6%, P < .05). No group differences were observed for changes in jump height, leg press power, or DEXA lean mass. However, HVL showed a small increase in muscle thickness of the vastus lateralis compared with LVL (6 ± 6% [95% CI] group difference, P < .05). Conclusion: For strength-trained individuals, high-volume lower-velocity-loss thresholds were as effective as higher thresholds for improvements in 1RM strength; but local hypertrophy was seemingly elicited faster with higher velocity-loss thresholds.
Analysis of Factors Associated With Continued Cooling of Core Temperature After Prolonged Cold-Water Swimming
Authors: Drigny Joffrey , Hingrand Corentin , Moysan Pauline , Collet Thibaud , Mauvieux Benoit 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To assess the factors associated with continued cooling duration of core temperature () after prolonged outdoor cold-water swimming. Methods: We designed a cohort study among swimmers participating in an outdoor cold-water swim during qualifying for the English Channel Swim. The day before the event, the participants completed a demographic questionnaire, and body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (mBCA 525, Seca). The swimming event consisted of laps over a 1000-m course, for up to 6 hours, in water at 12.5 to 13 °C. was measured using an ingestible temperature sensor (e-Celsius, BodyCap) during and up to 1 hour after the swim. Results: A total of 14 participants (38 [11] y; N = 14, n = 11 males, n = 8 in swimming costume and n = 6 in wetsuit) were included. Before swimming, was 37.54 (0.39) °C. The participants swam for an average of 194.00 (101.94) minutes, and mean when exiting the water was 35.21 (1.30) °C. The duration of continued cooling was 25 (17) minutes with a minimum of 34.66 (1.26) °C. Higher body mass index (r = .595, P = .032) and fat mass (r = .655, P = .015) were associated with longer continued cooling, independent of wetsuit wear. Also, the rate of drop during swimming (−1.22 [1.27] °C/h) was negatively correlated with the rate of gain after swimming (+1.65 [1.23] °C/h, r = −.682, P = .007). Conclusion: Increased body mass index and fat mass were associated with continued cooling duration after prolonged outdoor cold-water swimming at 12.5 to 13 °C. The rate of drop during swimming was negatively correlated with the rate of rewarming.
Deep magma storage during the 2021 La Palma eruption
Authors: Dayton Kyle , Gazel Esteban , Wieser Penny , Troll Valentin R. , Carracedo Juan Carlos , La Madrid Hector , Roman Diana C. , Ward Jamison , Aulinas Meritxell , Geiger Harri , Deegan Frances M. , Gisbert Guillem , Perez-Torrado Francisco J. 
Published: February 2023

The 2021 La Palma eruption provided an unpreceded opportunity to test the relationship between earthquake hypocenters and the location of magma reservoirs. We performed density measurements on CO
2
-rich fluid inclusions (FIs) hosted in olivine crystals that are highly sensitive to pressure via calibrated Raman spectroscopy. This technique can revolutionize our knowledge of magma storage and transport during an ongoing eruption, given that it can produce precise magma storage depth constraints in near real time with minimal sample preparation. Our FIs have CO
2
recorded densities from 0.73 to 0.98 g/cm
3
, translating into depths of 15 to 27 km, which falls within the reported deep seismic zone recording the main melt storage reservoir.
Higher rates of concussion following COVID-19 infection in high school athletes
Authors: Bullock Garrett S , Emery Carolyn A , Nelson Vicki R , Prats-Uribe Albert , Gilliland Robert Gill , Thigpen Charles A , Shanley Ellen 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo compare concussion rates (CRs) over one academic year in high school athletes with and without a COVID-19 infection prior to concussion.MethodsIllness and concussion were prospectively reported for male and female high school athletes across six states over one academic year in the Players Health Rehab surveillance system. Concussion was truncated to 60 days following recovery and return to sport from COVID-19. CRs were estimated per 1000 athletes per academic year and stratified by those who tested positive for COVID-19 infection (with COVID-19) and those who did not (no COVID-19). Poisson regression analyses estimated rate ratio (RR) of concussion controlling for state, gender and an offset of the log athlete participation (with COVID-19 and no COVID-19).ResultsOf 72 522 athletes, 430 COVID-19 infections and 1273 concussions were reported. The CR was greater in athletes who reported COVID-19 (CR=74.4/1000 athletes/year, 95% CI 49.6 to 99.3) compared with those who did not (CR=17.2, 95% CI 16.3 to 18.2). Athletes with recent COVID-19 had a threefold higher rate of concussion (RR=3.1, 95% CI 2.0 to 4.7).ConclusionAthletes returning from COVID-19 had higher CRs than those who did not experience COVID-19. This may be related to ongoing COVID-19 sequelae or deconditioning related to reduced training and competition load during the illness and when returning to sport. Further research is needed to understand the association of recent COVID-19 infection and concussion in order to inform preventive strategies.
A quantile regression approach to model stand survival in Chinese fir plantations
Authors: Chen Hanyue , Cao Quang V. , Jiang Yihang , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Xiongqing 
Published: February 2023

The development of stand survival models can provide an important basis for the sustainable management of forest resources. In a new approach developed in this study, parameters of four survival quantile regression models were predicted from a quantile associated with a current stand density. The curves from these quantile regression models were then used to project future stand density for that stand. A three-fold cross-validation revealed that the quantile regression approach outperformed the least squares method based on three evaluation statistics, especially for longer projection lengths. These results were consistent for all four survival models evaluated. The best survival model is Clutter–Jones model, without constraints, but its ln( N)–ln( Dq) trajectories ( N = stand density and Dq = quadratic mean diameter) from the quantile regression showed the linear self-thinning trend.
Griseofulvin Radiosensitizes Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells and Activates cGAS
Authors: Wang Xing , Raman Natasha , Lemtiri-Chlieh Ghali , Chang Jinhee , Jagtap Shreya , Chowdhury Dipanwita Dutta , Ballew Matthew , Carrieri Francesca Anna , Nguyen Triet , Nugent Katriana , Peck Travis , Levine Michelle S. , Chan Aaron , Lam Christine , Malek Reem , Hoang Tung , Phillips Ryan , Cheng ZhuoAn , Taparra Kekoa , Connis Nick , Hann Christine L. , Holland Andrew , Tran Phuoc T. , Lafargue Audrey , Wang Hailun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExtra copies of centrosomes are frequently observed in cancer cells. To survive and proliferate, cancer cells have developed strategies to cluster extra-centrosomes to form bipolar mitotic spindles. The aim of this study was to investigate whether centrosome clustering (CC) inhibition (CCi) would preferentially radiosensitize non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Griseofulvin (GF; FDA-approved treatment) inhibits CC, and combined with radiation treatment (RT), resulted in a significant increase in the number of NSCLC cells with multipolar spindles, and decreased cell viability and colony formation ability in vitro. In vivo, GF treatment was well tolerated by mice, and the combined therapy of GF and radiation treatment resulted in a significant tumor growth delay. Both GF and radiation treatment also induced the generation of micronuclei (MN) in vitro and in vivo and activated cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in NSCLC cells. A significant increase in downstream cGAS-STING pathway activation was seen after combination treatment in A549 radioresistant cells that was dependent on cGAS. In conclusion, GF increased radiation treatment efficacy in lung cancer preclinical models in vitro and in vivo. This effect may be associated with the generation of MN and the activation of cGAS. These data suggest that the combination therapy of CCi, radiation treatment, and immunotherapy could be a promising strategy to treat NSCLC.
Targeting Senescence as a Therapeutic Opportunity for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: de Paula Bruno , Kieran Rosalind , Koh Samantha Shui Yuan , Crocamo Susanne , Abdelhay Eliana , Muñoz-Espín Daniel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with an elevated risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. Historically, only chemotherapy was available as systemic treatment, but immunotherapy and targeted therapies currently offer prolonged benefits. TNBC is a group of diseases with heterogeneous treatment sensitivity, and resistance is inevitable and early for a large proportion of the intrinsic subtypes. Although senescence induction by anticancer therapy offers an immediate favorable clinical outcome once the rate of tumor progression reduces, these cells are commonly dysfunctional and metabolically active, culminating in treatment-resistant repopulation associated with worse prognosis. This heterogeneous response can also occur without therapeutic pressure in response to damage or oncogenic stress, playing a relevant role in the carcinogenesis. Remarkably, there is preclinical and exploratory clinical evidence to support a relevant role of senescence in treatment resistance. Therefore, targeting senescent cells has been a scientific effort in many malignant tumors using a variety of targets and strategies, including increasing proapoptotic and decreasing antiapoptotic stimuli. Despite promising results, there are some challenges to applying this technology, including the best schedule of combination, assessment of senescence, specific vulnerabilities, and the best clinical scenarios. This review provides an overview of senescence in TNBC with a focus on future-proofing senotherapy strategies.
Regulation of Prostate Androgens by Megalin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D Status: Mechanism for High Prostate Androgens in African American Men
Authors: Garcia Jason , Krieger Kirsten D. , Loitz Candice , Perez Lillian M. , Richards Zachary A. , Helou Yves , Kregel Steve , Celada Sasha , Mesaros Clementina A. , Bosland Maarten , Gann Peter H. , Willnow Thomas E. , Vander Griend Donald , Kittles Rick , Prins Gail S. , Penning Trevor , Nonn Larisa 
Published: February 2023

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer mortality and is hypothesized to contribute to prostate cancer aggressiveness and disparities in African American populations. The prostate epithelium was recently shown to express megalin, an endocytic receptor that internalizes circulating globulin-bound hormones, which suggests regulation of intracellular prostate hormone levels. This contrasts with passive diffusion of hormones that is posited by the free hormone hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate that megalin imports testosterone bound to sex hormone-binding globulin into prostate cells. Prostatic loss of Lrp2 (megalin) in a mouse model resulted in reduced prostate testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels. Megalin expression was regulated and suppressed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) in cell lines, patient-derived prostate epithelial cells, and prostate tissue explants. In patients, the relationships between hormones support this regulatory mechanism, as prostatic DHT levels are higher in African American men and are inversely correlated with serum 25D status. Megalin levels are reduced in localized prostate cancer by Gleason grade. Our findings suggest that the free hormone hypothesis should be revisited for testosterone and highlight the impact of vitamin D deficiency on prostate androgen levels, which is a known driver of prostate cancer. Thus, we revealed a mechanistic link between vitamin D and prostate cancer disparities observed in African Americans.Significance:These findings link vitamin D deficiency and the megalin protein to increased levels of prostate androgens, which may underpin the disparity in lethal prostate cancer in African America men.
Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Precursor Contributes to a Proinflammatory Program in Monocytes/Macrophages After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Li Jia‐Nan , Luo Ru‐Yi , Luo Cong , Hu Zhao‐Lan , Zha An‐Hui , Shen Wei‐Yun , Li Qiao , Li Hui , Fu Di , Dai Ru‐Ping 
Published: February 2023

Background
The imbalance of monocyte/macrophage polarization toward the preferential proinflammatory phenotype and a lack of normal inflammation resolution are present in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Our previous study showed that upregulation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF) in M2‐like monocytes may contribute to the proinflammatory response in the Stanford type‐A acute aortic dissection. The present study aimed to investigate the role of proBDNF signaling in monocytes/macrophages in the progress of AMI.

Methods and Results

We observed the upregulation of proBDNF in the proinflammatory monocytes of patients with AMI. The upregulation of proBDNF was also observed in the circulating proinflammatory Ly6C
high
monocytes and cardiac F4/80
+
CD86
+
macrophages 3 days after AMI in a mice model. To neutralize proBDNF, the mice subjected to AMI were injected intraperitoneally with a monoclonal anti‐proBDNF antibody. Echocardiography, 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography results demonstrate that monoclonal anti‐proBDNF antibody treatment further impaired cardiac functions, increased infarct size, and exacerbated the proinflammatory state. Moreover, the level of proinflammatory Ly6C
high
in the blood and F4/80
+
CD86
+
in the heart was further increased in monoclonal anti‐proBDNF antibody mice. RNA sequencing revealed that matrix metalloprotease‐9 protein level was dramatically increased, along with the activated proinflammatory‐related cytokines. Matrix metalloprotease‐9 inhibitor treatment attenuated the deteriorated effect of monoclonal anti‐proBDNF antibody on cardiac function and infarct areas.

Conclusions
Our study shows that endogenous proBDNF in monocytes/macrophages may exert protective roles in cardiac remodeling after AMI by regulating matrix metalloprotease‐9 activity.
Optimal Precursors for Central Pacific El Niño Events in GFDL CM2p1
Authors: Yang Zeyun , Fang Xianghui , Mu Mu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Compared to the canonical eastern Pacific El Niño, the understanding and ability to predict the central Pacific (CP)-type event still need further improvement. In this study, the principal component analysis–based particle swarm optimization algorithm (PPSO) is applied in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2p1 (GFDL CM2p1) to obtain the optimal precursors (OPRs) for CP El Niño events, based on the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method. For this, three normal years with neither El Niño nor La Niña events, i.e., three cases, are chosen as the reference states. The obtained OPRs for these cases exhibit a consistent positive sea surface temperature (SST) perturbation distribution in the subtropical North Pacific (20°–40°N, 175°E–140°W), which is further proven to be crucial for the evolution of CP El Niño based on the Northern and Southern Hemisphere significance test results. Mechanically, these positive SST perturbations are enhanced and reach the equatorial Pacific via wind–evaporation–SST (WES) feedback to evolve into a CP El Niño at the end of the year. The nonlinear approach is adopted to investigate the predictability of CP El Niño events and can shed some light on future studies.
Valid Time Shifting for an Experimental RRFS Convection-Allowing EnVar Data Assimilation and Forecast System: Description and Systematic Evaluation in Real Time
Authors: Gasperoni Nicholas A. , Wang Xuguang , Wang Yongming 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study describes a real-time implementation of valid time shifting (VTS) within the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation–based ensemble-variational (EnVar) data assimilation system, developed at the Multi-Scale Data Assimilation and Predictability Laboratory. This system, featuring data assimilation of mesoscale conventional observations and storm-scale radar reflectivity observations and interfaced with the next-generation Finite Volume Cubed Sphere Dynamical Core limited-area model (FV3-LAM), was run in real-time during the 2021 Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecast Experiment. The VTS method efficiently increases ensemble size by incorporating ensemble forecast output before and after the central analysis. Two configurations were examined to systematically evaluate VTS: a baseline 36-member system with hourly data assimilation (NOVTS), and an experiment testing VTS for the radar analysis step. Verification across 22 cases shows statistically significant benefits of VTS to increase ensemble spread and better fit first guesses to observations. Control member forecasts launched at 0000 UTC have consistently higher skill, lower bias, and higher reliability in VTS than in NOVTS throughout the 18-h forecast evaluation period, especially from severe cases often featuring upscale growth into mesoscale convective systems. Verification of updraft helicity-based ensemble surrogate severe probabilistic forecasts against observed storm reports shows higher skill of VTS when verifying on finer scales, with benefits to constraining higher probabilities over report locations and reducing probabilities over no-report locations. This study is a first step toward the next-generation Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS), demonstrating the feasibility of such a real-time system and the potential benefits of VTS implementation.
The Movimento Brasil Livre and the New Brazilian Right in the Election of Jair Bolsonaro
Authors: Santos Marcelo Burgos Pimentel dos , Penteado Claudio Luis de Camargo , Araújo Rafael de Paula Aguiar 
Published: February 2023

The Movimento Brasil Livre (Free Brazil Movement) has been one of the main proponents of the new Brazilian right since its emergence after the June Days of 2013. Through the strategic use of social networks, it has promoted a conservative agenda similar to those seen in other parts of the world. An examination of its mobilization strategies focused on its communicative power, its capacity to produce engagement, and its network mobilization shows how the use of information and communication technologies influenced the emergence of new political actors on the Brazilian right. O Movimento Brasil Livre tem sido um dos expoentes principais da nova direita brasileira que é um movimento que surgiu após as Jornadas de Junho de 2013. Através do uso estratégico das redes sociais, ajudou a expandir uma pauta conservadora em consonância ao que ocurre em diferentes partes do mundo. A presente pesquisa avalia as estratégias de mobilização do movimento com enfâse no seu poder comunicativo, capacidade de produção de engajamento e poder de mobilização de rede para indicar como os usos das tecnologias de informação e comunicação influenciam a emergência de novos atores políticos no campo da direita brasileira.