bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postcolonial lessons and migration from climate change: ongoing injustice and hope
Authors: Morrison Keith , Nand Moleen Monita , Ali Tasneem , Mele Sotiana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe 2022 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that the ongoing impacts of colonisation compromise the ability of many peoples to adapt to the effects of climate change. The interaction between climate justice and postcolonial justice raises many important questions about the interconnectedness and common causes of coloniality and anthropogenic climate change. We recognise a dynamic interaction, and that it is a feature of necropolitics causing both coloniality and anthropogenic climate change. Through grounded experience of cultural traditions in Pacific Islands countries (PICs), and use of transdisciplinary anticipatory systems and resilience theories, we proffer conceptual models to show how IPCC scenarios can be used to assist both climate justice and postcolonial justice, but also to forewarn how IPCC scenarios can also be used to deepen injustice. There are strident expressions within PICs to proactively engage in restorative climate justice. Our conceptual models summarise this as an emerging multi-scalar process, which we term tri-SSM. We argue tri-SSM is a hopeful regenerative kernel empowering vulnerable communities, including their proactive use of migration.
Large area optimization of meta-lens via data-free machine learning
Authors: Zhelyeznyakov Maksym , Fröch Johannes , Wirth-Singh Anna , Noh Jaebum , Rho Junsuk , Brunton Steve , Majumdar Arka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSub-wavelength diffractive optics, commonly known as meta-optics, present a complex numerical simulation challenge, due to their multi-scale nature. The behavior of constituent sub-wavelength scatterers, or meta-atoms, needs to be modeled by full-wave electromagnetic simulations, whereas the whole meta-optical system can be modeled using ray/ Fourier optics. Most simulation techniques for large-scale meta-optics rely on the local phase approximation (LPA), where the coupling between dissimilar meta-atoms is neglected. Here we introduce a physics-informed neural network, coupled with the overlapping boundary method, which can efficiently model the meta-optics while still incorporating all of the coupling between meta-atoms. We demonstrate the efficacy of our technique by designing 1mm aperture cylindrical meta-lenses exhibiting higher efficiency than the ones designed under LPA. We experimentally validated the maximum intensity improvement (up to 53%) of the inverse-designed meta-lens. Our reported method can design large aperture ( ~ 104 − 105λ) meta-optics in a reasonable time (approximately 15 minutes on a graphics processing unit) without relying on the LPA.
Do quantum interference effects manifest in acyclic aliphatic molecules with anchoring groups?
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Seth Charu , Venkatramani Ravindra , Kaliginedi Veerabhadrarao 
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate quantum interference in acyclic molecular junctions originating from orbitals localized on electrode-anchoring groups. The interference can be used to mechanically modulate both single molecule electronic conductance and thermopower.
An assessment of H‐bridge less grid‐tied multilevel inverter with minimum device count and lesser total standing voltage
Authors: Debela Tamiru , Singh Jiwanjot , Sood Vijay K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn innovative switched‐capacitor‐based inverter is proposed in this paper. The suggested converter can produce a five‐level output voltage by utilizing minimal components (single dc source, six switches, and one capacitor). The proposed topology does not require an H‐bridge setup at the load end to achieve the output voltage level. Furthermore, the proposed converter configuration and its operating principle are investigated in depth. A detailed power loss calculation of the suggested inverter and a comparison with another converter is presented. It demonstrates that the proposed inverter is more cost‐effective and requires fewer components than competing inverters. The effectiveness of the proposed multilevel inverter is verified by using hardware in loop OPAL‐RT OP4510 and further five‐level inverter prototype has been verified by experimentally using dSpace 1103 controller.
Research on spot market price forecasting method considering the electricity‐purchase gain for demand side
Authors: Ning Wang , Yuan Du , Haohao Wang , Tao Zhu , Mingxing Wu , Saite Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe clearing price in electricity spot market is an important reference guiding market participants to purchase energy. Current electricity price forecasting methods mainly focus on improving numerical accuracy, and the need to optimize economic benefits is ignored. However, higher numerical precision sometimes leads to lower electricity‐purchase gain. To deal with that, this paper proposes a price forecasting method that optimizes economic benefits together with numerical accuracies. A revenue‐optimizing term evaluating the relationship between the predicted price and the cost reference price is introduced to the loss function of the prosumers’ forecasting model. A sequence comparison neural network structure is proposed and added to consumers’ model, so the forecasting model is trained by also considering price trend. By co‐optimizing numerical precision and electricity‐purchase gain, the prediction is more conducive to reducing the cost of purchasing power. Price data in actual electricity market are used to verify the feasibility and improvement of the proposed method.
The JWST view of the barred galaxy population in the SMACS0723 galaxy cluster
Authors: Méndez-Abreu J. , Costantin L. , Kruk S. 
Published: August 2023

Context.The cosmic evolution of the barred galaxy population provides key information about the secular evolution of galaxies and the settling of rotationally dominated discs.Aims.We study the bar fraction in the SMACSJ0723.37323 (SMACS0723) cluster of galaxies atz = 0.39 using the Early Release Observations obtained with the NIRCam instrument mounted on the JWST telescope.Methods.We visually inspected all cluster member galaxies using the images from the NIRCamF200Wfilter. We classified the galaxies into ellipticals and discs and determine the presence of a bar. The cluster member selection was based on a combined method using both the available spectroscopy and the color-magnitude relation.Results.As has previously been found in nearby galaxy samples, we find that the bar fraction distribution of SMACS0723 is a strong function of the galaxy stellar luminosity (or stellar mass). The analogy with local clusters, such as Virgo and Coma, reveals a similar distribution among the three clusters for low-mass galaxies (log(M⋆/M⊙)≤9.5). The comparison with a sample of local galaxies in a field environment shows a remarkable lack of bars in this low-mass regime for the SMACS0723 cluster (and, therefore, in Virgo and Coma) with respect to the field. At high masses (log(M⋆/M⊙)≥10.25), galaxies in SMACS0723 show a slightly lower bar fraction than those in Coma. At these high masses, we find a much larger bar fraction in SMACS0723 than previous works on field galaxies atz ∼ 0.4. Nevertheless, the difference is only marginal when we compare with a sample of well-resolved local field galaxies. Thus, we suggest that the improved capabilities of JWST with respect to HST in terms of both spatial resolution and image depth are responsible for the higher bar fraction we obtained.Conclusions.Our results support a scenario where cluster environment affects the formation of bars in a mass-dependent way. At high masses, the mild increase in the bar fraction of local clusters (Coma) with respect to both SMACS0723 and local field galaxies suggests a weak effect coming from the cluster environment possibly triggering bar formation. On the other hand, low-mass galaxies show the same bar fraction in the three clusters (different redshifts) and a significant drop with respect to field galaxies atz = 0, thus suggesting that: (i) the bar fraction of low-mass galaxies in clusters is not evolving during the last 4 Gyr; and (ii) bar formation is severely inhibited in low-mass galaxies residing in clusters.
On-Line Arterial PO2 Measurements During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Demierre D. , Schmid E. R. , Walpoth B. , Maass D. , Garcia E. , Turina M. 
Published: August 2023

A modified intra-arterial PO2 sensor (O.D. 0.55 mm) and associated automatic temperature correction module (Roche) were evaluated as on-line monitoring devices during extracorporal circulation (ECC) in six dogs as well as in four patients undergoing open-heart surgery.
Performance of the equipment was assessed by comparing the PO2 values determined by the sensor with those measured by a blood gas analyzer (AVL). In addition, the reliability of the PO2 sensor calibration factor and the accuracy of the automatic temperature correction module were determined.
The correlation coefficient between sensor and blood gas analyser was r = 0.97 (n=14) for laboratory and r = 0.98 (n=14) for clinical values with blood temperature ranging from 38°C to 22.5°C.
The calibration factor determined in vivo correlated with the value provided by the manufacturer (r=0.97, n=4).
The correlation factor between calculated and automatic temperature correction was r=0.97 (n=21). On line PO2 monitoring is feasible with this equipment and early clinical experience was satisfying.
Continuous Blood Gas Monitoring Using the CDI System 300
Authors: Harloff Michael 
Published: August 2023

The virtues and benefits of continuous on-line, realtime blood gas monitoring cannot be successfully denied, or its need be dismissed, on the basis of unavailable technology.
Not electing to monitor blood gases continuously is parallel in thought to not continuously monitoring arterial blood pressures or the electrocardiogram. Given the ever changing pH, and the fluctuation of the pCO2 and pO2, we are never really sure of the trending that occurs during periods of low flow, temperature, and the myriad of other factors which affect acid/base balance.
In order to be fully informed as to the total status of the patient, it is of the utmost importance to recognize continuous blood gas monitoring as an adjunct to cardiopulmonary bypass and not just a luxury option. The CDI System 300 continuously monitors arterial and venous pH, pCO, pO2 and calculates HC03/B.E., and SvO2 while storing the hematocrit. With virtually effortless calibration and insignificant set-up time, the perfusionist can create a wide margin of safety for himself and quality perfusion of the patient, as well as providing the minimum standard care.
Biocompatible Circuits: An Adjunct to Non-Cardiac Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Support
Authors: Bennett John , Hill Jonathan , Long William , Parsons James , Bruhn Pamela , Starr Albert , Hovaguimian Hagop , Okies J. Edward 
Published: August 2023

The utilization of cardiopulmonary bypass systems, for circulatory and/or pulmonary support of patients undergoing non-cardiac procedures, has been previously reported. There is, however, a sub-group of patients for whom total systemic anticoagulation for cardiopulmonary support is extremely undesirable or contraindicated altogether, due to the presenting pathology or procedure to be performed.
Clinical and experimental reports have suggested that with the use of heparin-bonded bypass circuits, the amount of heparin required for anticoagulation of the patient may be substantially reduced, or eliminated, safely. This allows the resuscitation and/or support of patients in whom bypass would otherwise be contraindicated.
We present our clinical experience with heparin-bonded, biocompatible circuits, for support of patients undergoing non-cardiac procedures. In each case, low-dose or no heparin was administered. The group includes patients with trauma related pulmonary insufficiency, pulmonary embolism, hypothermia, neurosurgery, aortic aneurysm, aortic transection, respiratory distress syndrome, pericardiectomy, and cardiogenic shock.
Hematological Assessment of Patients Undergoing Plasmapheresis During Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Kratz John , Johnson Timothy , Crumbley Jack , Merrill Jon 
Published: August 2023

Methods of reducing patient exposure to homologous blood transfusions include the technique of intraoperative plasmapheresis for the production of platelet rich plasma (PRP). The present study was designed to determine the patient benefits of PRP by examining hemostatic changes in coagulation screens and viscoelastic whole blood monitoring (Thrombelastography, [TEG]). One hundred fifteen patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were prospectively randomized into a blinded study. Sixty-three patients had 20 percent of the circulating plasma volume sequestered prior to heparinization and pheresed into PRP, which was reinfused 10 minurtes following heparin reversal with protamine. The control (CTR) group of 52 patients were exposed to no sequestration procedure. Patients were followed to discharge and 112 parameters, including anthropometric, operative, and postoperative factors, were measured.
There were no significant differences between patient groups in preoperative, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), or surgical parameters. Average PRP volume was 660± 100 ml with a total platelet yield of 1.1 billion platelets per patient. TEG indices were determined at four distinct times during the surgical procedure. The CTR group had significantly higher preCPB TEG indices of2.3±1.2 and 2.1±1.2 (mean±SD), vs. 1.8±1.5 and 1.4±1.7 in the PRP group (p<.04). Following heparin reversal, pre-PRP reinfusion TEG values were similar between groups, although both groups had significantly decreased indices when compared to pre-CPB values. Thirty minutes post-PRP infusion the treatment group had significantly improved TEG recovery when compared to the CTR group, 1.0±1.2 vs. 0.3±1.7 (p<.05). Fibrinolysis increased significantly in both groups post-CPB, but following PRP reinfusion, the treatment group returned to baseline values, while the CTR patients remained significantly elevated. There were no differences between groups in postoperative routine coagulation screens, nor significant changes in postoperative chest tube drainage. Packed red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma, and platelet transfusions in the CTR group were approximately twice as great as the PRP group (p=ns). CTR total homologous blood exposure rate was 3.06±6.6 units compared to 1.41±3.2 units in the PRP group (p<.0007). Discharge hematocrit was 31.5±5.2 percent in the PRP group, and 29.8±4.8 in the CTR group (p<.07). Total length of stay in the hospital was 1 0.8±4.2 days in the PRP patients, compared to 13.4±4.8 days in non-treated patients (p<.03).
This study has shown demonstrable hematological benefits of preoperative plasmapheresis during cardiac surgery, with the major reduction of bleeding occurring immediately following the administration of PRP.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass and the Pregnant Patient: A Review
Authors: Josephs John , Hindman Roger 
Published: August 2023

Increasing maternal age within the general population in conjunction with cardiac disease during pregnancy, increases the probability that perfusionists will be called upon to provide extracorporeal support to the gravid patient.
Reviewing the available literature regarding cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during pregnancy produces some satisfying, isolated single-case reports. However, in the majority of reports, fetal compromise resulted from maternal cardio-surgical intervention.
Given the occurrence of CPB during pregnancy with resultant fetal loss, a need has been identified to provide perfusionists with a guide to patient management. Toward this effort, insights into normal physiologic and hemodynamic changes of pregnancy and their relationship to technical management of perfusion is presented. Concise information is provided regarding fetal responses to CPB and fetal distress. Situations most associated with intrauterine fetal loss and premature labor are identified. Constant monitoring of fetal heart rate is emphasized and optimal pharmacological management to achieve desired maternal effect while minimizing fetal response is also presented.
Sterility of Previously Assembled Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuits
Authors: Homishak Michael , Widmer Steven , Klementovich Michael , Cunningham John , Oblack Donna 
Published: August 2023

The sterility of previously assembled cardiopulmonary bypass circuits was investigated for 17 extracorporeal circuits. The closed circuits were assembled using aseptic technique and remained in the operating room until the time of use. The mean time from point of setup to point of priming for the 17 randomly chosen circuits was 21.47 hours, with a range of 13.50 to 60.50 hours. Circuits were primed with three liters of sterile Plasma-Lyte A Injection, circulated for 5 minutes and tested for microbial contamination by withdrawing one liter of the priming solution through an Addi-Chek Quality Control System. The Addi-Chek canister, which contains a 0.45 μm cellulose membrane filter, was then filled with tryptic soy broth and incubated for 14 days. All were found to be free of microbial contamination as indicated by no growth in culture.
The results of this investigation demonstrate that the sterility of the extracorporeal circuit, pre-assembled in advance of actual priming, can be maintained over an extended interval when standard aseptic technique is used. This allows the utilization of a pre-assembled circuit for emergency cardiopulmonary bypass support.
Extracorporeal Support with a Cadaver Liver as a Bridge to Transplantation
Authors: Fristoe Lance W. , Merrill Jonathan H. , Kangas Jeff A. , Vogel James E. , Stammers Alfred H. , Langnas Alan N. , Fox Ira J. , Shaw Byers W. 
Published: August 2023

Extracorporealliver perfusion (ECLP) has been used for detoxifying blood in patients in class IV hepatic encephalopathy. Palliation of the moribund patient utilizing extracorporeal devices with cross-circulation of a cadaver liver has been documented for over three decades. Common problems associated with this procedure which appear in the literature include cadaver liver distention, increased resistance to blood flow, and limited time of extracorporeal support due to cadaver liver failure. This report summarizes the experiences of the perfusion team in utilizing an extracorporeal circuit with an otherwise non-transplantable cadaveric liver, to support the decompensating hepatic patient as a bridge to transplantation.
Between January and July 1992, three patients were supported for hepatic failure with ECLP. Two patients were placed on ECLP with a modified circuit containing two positive displacement pumps and one centrifugal pump. The third patient was placed on ECLP with a circuit that contained two centrifugal pumps and one positive displacement pump. Patient age ranged from 6 to 38 years and length of support ranged from 24 to 72 hours. In all three patients, a centrifugal pump was placed in the suprahepatic inferior vena cava line to facilitate cadaver liver drainage and decompression. Intensive monitoring of both patient and cadaver liver hemodynamics, hepatic function, and hematological status was performed. All three patients were successfully weaned from ECLP. Two patients received successful orthotopic liver transplantation. The third died of complications unrelated to ECLP after support was discontinued. At present, the technique of ECLP has been shown to be an effective treatment for supporting the comatose patient with fulminant hepatic failure prior to transplantation.
Oxygen Pressure field Theory, The Krogh Cylinder and Long-Term Extra corporeal Perfusion: An Old Concept Provides New Insight
Authors: Grist Gary E. , Meiling Greg 
Published: August 2023

This article describes oxygen pressure field theory and its relevance to the application of long-term perfusion support. Prolonged applications of extracorporeal support for cardiac or pulmonary failure require a more perceptive understanding of perfusion and how it works over a period of days or weeks. The key to this understanding lies in the concepts of the Krogh tissue cylinder, the lethal corner and perfused capillary density. The interrelationships of these concepts define the microvascular redistribution system and its need to remain in balance in order to maintain homeostasis. An imbalance in any of the aspects described could result in tissue damage and eventual death.
Perfusionists attempting to perform long-term extracorporeal support can improve the odds for patient survival with a clear understanding of oxygen pressure field theory and its associated concepts. By maintaining a balance in the microvascular redistribution system, the perfusionist not only keeps the patient alive, but creates an environment where healing can occur over a period of days or weeks.
An Evaluation of Three Methods for Determining Colloid Osmotic Pressure
Authors: Blackwell Mindy M. , Riley Jeffrey , McCall Mary , Ecklund Jodie , Southworth Rhonda 
Published: August 2023

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is an important determinant in edema formation. Three methods for assessing the COP were evaluated. Direct measurement of COP using the 4420 Wescor Colloid Osmometer was compared to the estimation of COP from both serum total protein and total serum solids (TSS) determinations. Blood samples from twenty adult patients (mean age = 64 years) undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were collected for COP assessment. Sample collection was performed prior to heparinization/hemodilution, during hypothermic bypass and at the conclusion of bypass following protamine administration. The results obtained from each method were analyzed by a two-way analysis of variance. The Bonferroni technique was used for comparison of sample means when the difference was significant (p<0.05). Correlations were reported by linear regression analysis. A statistically significant difference (p<0.01) was found between the three methods. A regression equation for the estimation of COP from total serum solids is offered:
COP = (3.02 * TSS) + 0.65.
Prospective clinical testing between the direct COP measurement and the estimation of COP from TSS using the equation (n=38) revealed a significant correlation (R2 = .932) and no significant difference between the two (p > 0.05).
Thrombelastograph Analysis After Heparin Neutralization with Protamine and Heparinase During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Forst Curtis , Chapin James , Forst Stephanie , Stammers Alfred , Galbraith Timothy 
Published: August 2023

Hemostatic disorders generated during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) result in postsurgical hemorrhage, a major cause of morbidity in cardiac patients. Thrombelastography (TEG) monitors elastokinetic whole blood coagulation but is sensitive to low quantities of circulating heparin, obviating its use during CPB. Heparinase is an enzyme that degrades heparin without affecting coagulation proteins that may aid in identifying coagulopathies during CPB.
In the present study two methods of neutralizing heparin were used to generate TEG profiles during CPB. These profiles were generated by adding 0.03 ml protamine (0.0134 mg) or heparinase (6 U) 0.33 ml samples of heparinized blood. Samples were drawn pre-CPB, 10 and 30 minutes after initiation of CPB, 5 minutes after administration of protamine and 10 minutes after administration of platelet-rich-plasma, from 11 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The results indicate a significantly higher baseline reaction time between pre-CPB in both groups when compared to all other time points (p < 0.007). During CPB, both protamine and heparinase reversed the anticoagulant effect of heparin, permitting the generation of useful TEG data. We therefore conclude that intraoperative TEG profiles can be produced during CPB for the purpose of identifying hemostatic conditions prior to termination of extracorporeal circulation.