bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phonon modes and topological phonon properties in (GaN)x/(AlN)x and (AlGaN)x/(GaN)x superlattices
Authors: Tang Dao-Sheng , Zhang Li-Min 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To effectively regulate thermal transport for the near-junction thermal management of GaN electronics, it is imperative to gain an understanding of the phonon characteristics of GaN nanostructures, particularly the topological phonon properties connected to low-dissipation surface phonon states. In this work, a comprehensive study on phonon modes and topological phonon properties is performed from first principles in (GaN)
x
/(AlN)
x
and (AlGaN)
x
/(GaN)
x
(x = 1,2,3) superlattices. Phonon modes, including the dispersion relation, density of states, and participation ratio, were calculated for six GaN superlattices. The participation ratio results did not reveal the localized phonon mode. In topological phonon analyses, it is found that Weyl phonons with a Chern number of 1(−1) are present in all six GaN superlattices, consisting of trivial (GaN) and nontrivial (AlN and AlGaN) combinations. These phonons are located on either side of the k

z
= 0 plane symmetrically in the Brillouin zone. With the increase in the number of phonon branches in superlattices, the number of Weyl phonon points also increases from dozens to hundreds. One Weyl phonon with significant and clean surface states is selected and analyzed for each GaN superlattice. Among them, the Weyl phonon in (GaN)2/(AlN)2 superlattice mainly results from the lattice vibrations of Al and Ga atoms, while the Weyl phonons in other superlattices mainly result from the lattice vibrations of N atoms. The Weyl phonons at opposite k

z
planes form pairs in (GaN)2/(AlN)2, AlGaN/GaN, and (AlGaN)2/(GaN)2. Effects of strain including biaxial and uniaxial strain on Weyl phonons in GaN/AlN and AlGaN/GaN superlattices are investigated. Results indicate that Weyl phonons persist in large strain states, however, no monoclinic trend is observed due to the accidental degeneracy of these superlattices. The investigation in this work is promising to provide a deeper understanding of phonon properties and the topological effects of phonons in GaN nanostructures.
Junction conditions in bi-scalar Poincaré gauge gravity
Authors: Casado-Turrión Adrián , de la Cruz-Dombriz Álvaro , Cano Alejandro Jiménez , Torralba Francisco José Maldonado 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this work, we study the junction conditions of the ghost-free subclass of quadratic Poincaré Gauge gravity, which propagates one scalar and one pseudo-scalar. For this purpose, we revisit the theory of distributions and junction conditions in gravity, giving a novel insight to the subject by introducing a convenient notation to deal with regular and singular parts. Then, we apply this formalism to bi-scalar Poincaré Gauge gravity and study some paradigmatic cases. We compare our results with the existing literature and the well-known predictions of General Relativity. We find that monopole spin densities are admissible, whereas both thin shells and double layers are allowed for the energy-momentum. Such layers can be avoided by setting appropriate continuity conditions on the dynamic fields of the theory, as well as on the Ricci scalar of the full connection and the Holst pseudo-scalar.
Biology for biomimetics I: function as an interdisciplinary bridge in bio-inspired design
Authors: Snell-Rood Emilie C , Smirnoff Dimitri 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In bio-inspired design, the concept of ‘function’ allows engineers and designers to move between biological models and human applications. Abstracting a problem to general functions allows designers to look to traits that perform analogous functions in biological organisms. However, the idea of function can mean different things across fields, presenting challenges for interdisciplinary research. Here we review core ideas in biology that relate to the concept of ‘function,’ including adaptation, tradeoffs, and fitness, as a companion to bio-inspired design approaches. We align these ideas with a top-down approach in biomimetics, where engineers or designers start with a problem of interest and look to biology for ideas. We review how one can explore a range of biological analogies for a given function by considering function across different parts of an organism’s life, such as acquiring nutrients or avoiding disease. Engineers may also draw inspiration from biological traits or systems that exhibit a particular function, but did not necessarily evolve to do so. Such an evolutionary perspective is important to how biodesigners search biological space for ideas. A consideration of the evolution of trait function can also clarify potential trade-offs and biological models that may be more promising for an application. This core set of concepts from evolutionary and organismal biology can aid engineers and designers in their search for biological inspiration.
Lagrangian formalism and Noether-type theorems for second-order delay ordinary differential equations
Authors: Dorodnitsyn Vladimir , Kozlov Roman , Meleshko Sergey 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A Lagrangian formalism for variational second-order delay ordinary differential equations (DODEs) is developed. The Noether operator identity for a DODE is established, which relates the invariance of a Lagrangian function with the appropriate variational equations and the conserved quantities. The identity is used to formulate Noether-type theorems that give the first integrals for DODE with symmetries. Relations between the invariance of the variational second-order DODEs and the invariance of the Lagrangian functions are also analyzed. Several examples illustrate the theoretical results.
Effects of finite depth and surface tension on the linear and weakly non-linear stability of Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cell
Authors: Rachik Azeddine , Aniss Saïd 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A linear and a non-linear analysis are carried out for the instability of the free surface of a liquid layer contained in a Hele-Shaw cell subjected to periodic vertical oscillation. The linear stability analysis shows that for certain ranges of the oscillation frequency, the depth of the liquid layer and the surface tension can have a substantial effect on the selection of the wavenumbers and on the critical forcing amplitude. This results in a new dispersion relation, relating the critical wavenumber and the frequency of oscillation, which is in excellent agreement with recent experimental results by Li et al (2018 Phys. Fluids
30 102103). On the other hand, for low frequencies, the thresholds can be either harmonic or subharmonic with the existence of a series of bicritical points where these two types of thresholds can coexist. Weakly nonlinear analysis is performed in the vicinity of the first subharmonic resonance that occurs in the high frequency limit. Thus, using the multiscale technique, for low dissipation and forcing, we derive a free surface amplitude equation, involving a new nonlinear term coefficient, χ, that includes finite depth and surface tension. For infinite depth, Rajchenbach et al (2011 Phys. Rev. Lett.
107 024502), and Li et al (2019 J. Fluid Mech.
871 694–716) showed that hysteresis can only occur if the response frequency is lower than the natural frequency. However in the present work, it turns out that the coefficient χ can be either positive or negative depending on the depth and surface tension of the fluid. Thus, if χ is positive, hysteresis is found when the response frequency is greater than the natural frequency. Furthermore, the infinite depth approximation, where the short wavelengths dominate, is valid when the depth and wavenumber satisfy kh > 5, whereas for kh < 5, where long wavelengths dominate, the finite depth should be considered.
Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 protects against reactive oxygen species -induced preterm premature rupture of membranes through regulation of mitochondria
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , He Xiao , Wei Linna , He Yang , Li Yunlong , Wang Yingxiong , Li Chunli 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) is a major cause of preterm birth and neonatal mortality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been identified as a critical factor in the development of pPROM. Mitochondria are known to be the primary source of ROS and play a vital role in maintaining cellular function. The Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial function. However, research exploring the impact of NRF2-regulated mitochondria on pPROM is limited. Therefore, we collected fetal membrane tissues from pPROM and spontaneous preterm labor (sPTL) puerpera, measured the expression level of NRF2, and evaluated the degree of mitochondrial damage in both groups. In addition, we isolated human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) from the fetal membranes and used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to suppress NRF2 expression, enabling us to evaluate the impact of NRF2 on mitochondrial damage and ROS production. Our findings indicated that the expression level of NRF2 in pPROM fetal membranes was significantly lower than in sPTL fetal membranes, accompanied by increased mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, after the inhibition of NRF2 in hAECs, the degree of mitochondrial damage was significantly exacerbated, along with a marked increase in both cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels. The regulation of the mitochondrial metabolic process via NRF2 in fetal membranes has the potential to influence ROS production.
Lessons from a case with stiff left atrial syndrome complicated by iatrogenic inter-atrial shunts: a case report
Authors: Senda Arisa , Matsumoto Kensuke , Hoshijima Masahiko , Kawasaki Satoru 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
In patients with stiff left atrial (LA) syndrome, reservoir function is significantly impaired due to extensive LA fibrosis; consequently, the increase in LA pressure during haemodynamic stress is prominent, easily leading to pulmonary venous hypertension and subsequent pulmonary congestion, and eventually results in intractable heart failure.

Case summary
A 79-year-old female with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation underwent valve replacement, Cox-Maze IV procedure, LA plication, and appendage ligation 4 years prior to presentation. Thereafter, she underwent a total of two catheter ablation procedures for recurrent atrial tachycardia. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed two continuous colour jets across the interatrial septum, with a peak pressure gradient of 23 mmHg, which was consistent with the residual puncture hole at the catheter ablation procedures. Although transoesophageal echocardiography showed no evidence of prosthetic valve dysfunction, the pulmonary venous flow signal showed a significantly blunted systolic forward flow, extremely small retrograde reversal flow during atrial contraction, and prominent diastolic flow velocities, all of which indicated significantly impaired LA function. Cardiac catheter examination revealed a characteristic pulmonary capillary wedge pressure waveform, which consisted of a steep ascending limb of v wave with a large peak, consistent with stiff LA syndrome.

Discussion
Treatment of patients with stiff LA syndrome is quite challenging and restricted to the use of diuretics only, which has limited efficacy and eventually results in intractable heart failure. In this case, owing to the inter-atrial pressure–relieving gateway, the patient was only mildly symptomatic despite the existence of a non-compliant LA.
WTAP activates MAPK signaling through m6A methylation in VEGFA mRNA‐mediated by YTHDC1 to promote colorectal cancer development
Authors: Ye Mujie , Chen Jinhao , Yu Ping , Hu Chunhua , Wang Bangting , Bao Jinxing , Lu Feiyu , Zhong Yuan , Yan Lijun , Kan Jingbao , Bai Jianan , Tian Ye , Tang Qiyun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine modification, especially Wilms tumor 1‐associated protein (WTAP), is reportedly associated with a variety of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Angiogenesis also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of CRC. However, only a few studies have reported the biological mechanisms underlying this connection. Therefore, tissue microarray and public database were used to explore WTAP levels in CRC. Then, WTAP was down‐regulated and over‐expressed, respectively. CCK8, EdU, colony formation, and transwell experiments were performed to study the role of WTAP in CRC. Combined RNA sequencing and m6A RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) sequencing, we found downstream molecules VEGFA. Moreover, a tube formation assay was executed for tumor angiogenesis. Finally, a subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay in nude mice was used to examine the tumor‐promoting effect of WTAP in vivo. In the present study, WTAP was significantly upregulated in CRC cells and patients with CRC. Moreover, higher WTAP expression was observed in the TCGA and CPATC databases in CRC tissues. WTAP over‐expression exacerbates cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Conversely, WTAP knockdown inhibited the malignant biological behavior of CRC cells. Mechanistically, WTAP positively regulated VEGFA, as identified using RNA sequencing and MeRIP sequencing. Moreover, we identified YTHDC1 as a downstream effector of the YTHDC1‐VEGFA axis in CRC. Furthermore, increased WTAP expression activated the MAPK signaling pathway, which led to enhanced angiogenesis. In conclusion, our study revealed that the WTAP/YTHDC1/VEGFA axis promotes CRC development, especially angiogenesis, suggesting that it may act as a potential biomarker of CRC.
An Examination of Social Support and Mental Health in Nursing Students During COVID-19
Authors: Neu Tricia , Rode Jennifer , Hammer Susan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic limited social interactions and potential social support among residential nursing students. This study used a cross-sectional design to explore students’ social living conditions and resources and their correlations with student mental health. Results demonstrated higher than expected levels of anxiety, depression, and loneliness. However, social living situation did not affect mental health. Both parental education and mental health therapy (used as a control) were significantly related to student-reported mental health.
Diagnosing delirium in perioperative and intensive care medicine
Authors: Goettel Nicolai , Wueest Alexandra S. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
This article reviews the current literature on instruments used for screening and diagnosing delirium in perioperative and intensive care medicine. It summarizes recent findings to guide clinicians and researchers in choosing the most appropriate tools.

Recent findings
The incidence of delirium in hospitalized patients ranges from 5% to over 50%, depending on the population of patients studied. Failure to diagnose delirium in a timely manner is associated with serious adverse outcomes, including death and institutionalization. Valid assessment tests are needed for delirium detection, as early identification and treatment of delirium may help to prevent complications. Currently, there are more than 30 available instruments, which have been developed to assist with the screening and diagnosis of delirium. However, these tools vary greatly in sensitivity, specificity, and administration time, and their overabundance challenges the selection of specific tool as well as direct comparisons and interpretation of results across studies.

Summary
Overlooking or misdiagnosing delirium may result in poor patient outcomes. Familiarizing healthcare workers with the variety of delirium assessments and selecting the most appropriate tool to their needs is an important step toward improving awareness and recognition of delirium.
LithoVue Elite Compared With Single-Use and Reusable Ureteroscopes: A Bench and Human Cadaver Study
Authors: Bhojani Naeem , Shalabi Nabil , Reicherz Alina , Herout Roman , Searles Kyle , Wong K. F. Victor , Chew Ben H. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To compare the attributes of the next-generation LithoVue Elite (LVE, Boston Scientific Corporation) with current state-of-the-art single-use and reusable flexible ureteroscopes.

Methods:
LithoVue Elite is the latest single-use flexible ureteroscope with improved functionality and a novel ability to measure intrarenal pressure. In this study, we compare LVE with 3 single-use ureteroscopes (Pusen, WiScope, and Anqing) and 1 reusable ureteroscope (Olympus). A bench model was used to measure the physical characteristics (tip deflection and irrigation) and image quality (resolution, color accuracy, field of view, and latency). A human cadaveric model was used to score the maneuverability and ergonomics. This abstract shows the least square means from multiway ANOVAs used for analysis.

Results:
The ureteroscopes showed a tip deflection ranging from 243° to 306° with LVE at 279°. The irrigation rates ranged from 28 to 44 mL/min with LVE at 40 ml/min. LVE had a resolution of 6.34 line pair/mm, while the other scopes ranged from 4.86 to 5.77 line pairs/mm. The color accuracy was quantified with Delta E, an image analysis variable, which ranged from 14 to 42 with LVE at 28. The field of view ranged from 55° to 89°, and LVE was at 89°. The image latency ranged from 41 to 92 ms with LVE at 58 ms. Finally, the maneuverability scores ranged from 3.8 to 4.1 of 5 with LVE scoring 4.1 while the ergonomics scores ranged from 2.4 to 4.8 with LVE scoring 4.4.

Conclusion:
LithoVue Elite had above average performance compared with single-use and reusable ureteroscopes and upper-range scores for resolution, field of view, maneuverability, and ergonomics. Accordingly, LVE shows promise; however, further research is needed to assess the impact of intrarenal pressure on the standard of care.
A novel lightweight deep learning fall detection system based on Global-Local attention and channel feature augmentation
Authors: Sha Yuyang , Zhai Xiaobing , Li Junrong , Meng Weiyu , Tong Henry H.Y. , Li Kefeng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Objective:
Reducing the number of falls in nursing facilities is crucial to prevent significant injury, increased costs, and emotional harm. However, current fall detection systems face a trade-off between accuracy and inference speed. This work aimed to develop a novel lightweight fall detection system that can achieve high accuracy and speed while reducing computational cost and model size.

Method:
We used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the Channel-wise dropout and global local attention module (GLAM) to train a lightweight fall detection model on over 10,000 human fall images from various scenarios. We also applied a channel-based feature augmentation module to enhance the robustness and stability of the model.

Results:
The proposed model achieved a detection precision of 95.1%, a recall of 93.3%, and a mean average precision (mAP) of 91.8%. It also had a significantly smaller size of 1.09M model parameters and a lower computational cost of 0.12 GFLOPs than existing methods. It could handle up to 20 cameras, simultaneously with a speed higher than 30 fps.

Conclusion:
The proposed lightweight model demonstrated excellent performance and practicality for fall detection in real-world settings, which could reduce the working pressure on medical staff and improve nursing efficiency.
A Novel Dual Energy Computed Tomography Score Correlates With Postoperative Outcomes in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Renapurkar Rahul D. , Bullen Jennifer , Rizk Alain , Abozeed Mostafa , Karim Wadih , Bin Saeedan Mnahi , Tong Michael Z. , Heresi Gustavo A. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose:
To compare dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) based qualitative and quantitative parameters in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with various postoperative primary and secondary endpoints.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of 64 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who underwent DECT. First, a clot score was calculated by assigning the following score: pulmonary trunk-5, each main pulmonary artery-4, each lobar-3, each segmental-2, and subsegmental-1 per lobe; the sum total was then calculated. The perfusion defect (PD) score was calculated by assigning 1 point to each segmental PD. The combined score was calculated by adding clot and PD scores. For quantitative evaluation, we calculated perfused blood volume (PBV) (%) of each lung and the sum of both lungs. Primary endpoints included testing association between combined score and total PBV with change in mean pulmonary arterial pressure ([mPAP], change calculated as preop minus postop values). Secondary endpoints included explorative analysis of the correlation between combined score and PBV with change in preoperative and postoperative pulmonary vascular resistance, change in preoperative 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and immediate postoperative complications such as reperfusion edema, ECMO placement, stroke, death and mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, all within 1 month of surgery.

Results:
Higher combined scores were associated with larger decreases in mPAP (

=0.27, P=0.036). On average, the decrease in mPAP (pre mPAP−post mPAP) increased by 2.2 mm Hg (95% CI: −0.6, 5.0) with each 10 unit increase in combined score. The correlation between total PBV and change in mPAP was small and not statistically significant. During an exploratory analysis, higher combined scores were associated with larger increases in 6MWD at 6 months postprocedure (

=0.55, P=0.002).

Conclusion:
Calculation of DECT-based combined score offers potential in the evaluation of hemodynamic response to surgery. This response can also be objectively quantified.
The Use of Disposable Supplies: Measuring Suburethral Sling Surgical Waste by Cost and Weight
Authors: Melnyk Alexandra I. , Woods Noe , Bradley Megan S. , Moalli Pamela 
Published: July 2023

Importance
The health care industry is a leading contributor to solid waste in the United States, and two thirds of a hospital's regulated medical waste is produced from surgery.

Objective
The primary objective was to assess the utilization of single-use disposable supplies during suburethral sling cases.

Study Design
We observed suburethral sling plus cystoscopy procedures at an academic medical center. Cases with concomitant procedures were excluded. Our primary outcome was the quantity of wasted supplies, defined as disposable supplies that were opened at the start of the procedure and were unused. Secondarily, we quantified those supplies in both weight and United States dollars. In a subset of cases, we obtained the weight of the total amount of trash generated from the procedure.

Results
A total of 20 cases were observed. Most frequently wasted items included an emesis basin, large ring basin, and rectangle plastic tray. Redundant supplies wasted included a 1-L sterile water bottle and, on average, 2.73 (SD, 2.34) blue towels. The sum of the weight of the wasted items among cases was 1.33 lb, associated with $9.50. The average total amount of trash produced from 11 cases was 14.13 lb (SD, 2.27). Removal of the most frequently wasted items would achieve a 9.4% reduction in solid waste produced by the case.

Conclusions
A large waste burden per surgical case was produced by a minor procedure. Removal of frequently wasted items, a reduced number of towels, and smaller cystoscopy fluid bags are simple strategies that would decrease overall waste production.