bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sanitary Supervision in St. Petersburg in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Д.И. Гетьман, 
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматривается деятельность ключевых органов санитарного надзора в Санкт-Петербурге второй половины XIX — начала XX веков. Указаны предпосылки к развитию системы санитарного надзора. Изучена работа Министерства внутренних дел Российской империи по предупреждению распространения инфекционных заболеваний. Кроме того, перечислены особенности и недостатки работы окружного санитарного попечителя, а также приведены основные функциигородской санитарно-гигиенической лаборатории, способствовавшие улучшению санитарно-эпидемиоло-гического благосостояния столичного города в указанный период.
The article focuses on sanitary control bodies that carried out sanitary supervision in St. Petersburg in the second half of the 19th century — early 20th centuries. It deals with prerequisites to the development of the system of sanitary supervision. It investigates the actions undertaken by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire in order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. The article enumerates both negative and positive aspects of St. Petersburg district health officer and describes the main functions of the city sanitary and hygienic laboratory which ensured the improvement of the city sanitary state during the period.
Recuperación de ecosistemas locales, a través de la economía circular y la pedagogía con TIC
Authors: Gómez Salas Sandy Paola , Capdevilla Beleño Martha Judith , Jiménez Barriosnuevo María del Carmen 
Published: January 2023

La economía circular como sistema económico está enfocado en minimizar el derroche y aprovechar al máximo los recursos naturales, promoviendo un modelo sostenible de producción de bienes y servicios. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue promover la economía circular desde la escuela a través de la pedagogía con TIC para el uso eficiente de materiales, agua y energía, como impulso de recuperación de los ecosistemas locales. Se empleó el enfoque metodológico cualitativo de alcance descriptivo, con una unidad de análisis de 12 estudiantes de básica primaria, de una institución educativa colombiana. Al finalizar la investigación se pudo determinar que dentro de la escuela no existen prácticas eco pedagógicas encaminadas a la implementación de la economía circular como herramienta educativa, no emplean las TIC como aliadas de la educación ambiental y existe poco sentido de pertenencia por los recursos naturales y por el entorno que los rodea. Concluyendo que la economía circular debe ser impulsada como una estrategia educativa que aliada con las TIC podría enriquecer y potencializar la educación ambiental.
La Importancia del Trabajo Colaborativo en Estudiantes del Nivel Primario: Revisión Sistemática de Literatura
Authors: Arenas Figueroa Marcia , Jihuallanca Ruelas Inés 
Published: January 2023

El artículo se fundamenta en el estudio realizado y de cuyo resultado a partir del análisis de las ventajas, del trabajo colaborativo en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. En síntesis, esta investigación demuestra que el trabajo colaborativo es una potencial estrategia en el proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje de los estudiantes y consecuentemente permite el logro de sus aprendizajes. Para tal hecho se ha planteado el método cualitativo, utilizándose como instrumento de recojo de información, una entrevista estructurada. Pues a partir de ellos, se obtuvieron resultados óptimos, Los resultados de este trabajo analizan cómo el trabajo colaborativo influye en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y las modalidades de organización más significativas, entre otros aspectos. Entre las principales conclusiones obtenidas, cabe resaltar cómo la implicación personal y la responsabilidad individual son aspectos esenciales para generar un buen clima de cohesión grupal.
Ketamine induces schizophrenia-like condition in rats via amendment of neurotransmitters and behavior
Authors: Georgy Gehan S. , Gad Amany M. , Anwar Hend Mohamed , Taha Rehab H. , Hassan Aliaa A. 
Published: January 2023

Background
The pupae of mulberry silkworms, family Bombycidae, possess a great number of proteins that cover all of the necessary amino acids obligatory for well-being.

Objective
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the probable antipsychotic effect of pupae of mulberry silkworms in a rat model of schizophrenia prompted by ketamine on the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, the brain areas involved in neuropsychiatric complaints.

Materials and methods
To this end, male albino rats were classified as follows: group 1 was the control group; group 2 animals were administered 135 mg/kg, p.o. silkworm pupae for 3 weeks; group 3 animals received vehicle for 3 weeks, and ketamine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) for the last 5 consecutive days of the experiment; and group 4 was the silkworm pupae and ketamine-treated group.

Results
The results revealed that treatment with silkworm pupae improved the exploration of schizophrenic rats in the novel object test and almost normalized their locomotor activity in the open field test. Additionally, silkworm pupae modulated the content of catecholamines and oxidative state in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of schizophrenic rats; however, the acetylcholine esterase activity was restored in the hippocampus only. Histopathological damages caused by ketamine are partially reduced by silkworm pupae.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that silkworm pupae, via neurobehavioral modulatory pathway, exhibit beneficial effects against psychomimetic influence of ketamine.
HIV epidemic in Mizoram, India: A rapid review to inform future responses
Authors: Rao Amrita , Mamulwar Megha , Shahabuddin Sheikh Mohammed , Roy Tarun , Lalnuntlangi Nunui , Panda Samiran 
Published: January 2023

Background & objectives:
Mizoram, a northeastern State of India bordering Myanmar, is home to several tribal clans under the ethnic group Mizo: Renthelei, Ralte, Paite, Lai, Hmar, Lusei, Mara, Thado and Kuki. Mizos also reside in the neighbouring northeastern States of Tripura, Assam, Manipur and Nagaland. The majority of Mizo people outside India live across the border in the neighbouring Chin State and Sagaing Region of Myanmar. Over the last decade, Mizoram witnessed a concerning level of rise in HIV prevalence among the general population. The present rapid review was conducted to identify various interventions that could help curb this rising trend.

Methods:
An electronic search strategy with broad domains of ‘HIV/AIDS’, ‘key population’, ‘community engagement’ and ‘interventions in Mizoram’ using PubMed, Embase and Cochrane was adopted; grey literature were also accessed. Evidence, thus gleaned, were synthesized.

Results:
Twenty eight resource materials comprising articles, reports and dissertations contributed to the current review. Changing tribal social support structure, early initiation of drugs, sexual debut at an early age and drug–sex interface were identified as factors associated with the progression of HIV epidemic in the State. Issues pertaining to the migration of people across the borders and easy access to drugs continue to be of concern. Churches and youth leaders have a strong influence on the society, at times even constraining access of key population groups to HIV prevention and care services. Tackling stigma and discrimination, ensuring uninterrupted HIV services and creation of an enabling environment in this context seems urgently needed. Incarcerated people in the State have been found with a high level of HIV infection and their linkages with prevention and care services need strengthening.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This review underscores the importance of drawing upon successful intervention examples from the past such as ‘Friends on Friday’ and Red Ribbon Clubs. Active engagement of community-based organizations in programme planning, implementation and monitoring is essential. Establishment of harm reduction interventions for general and key populations paired with strategic communication appear to be the need of the hour.
Burden of sickle cell disease in tribal students in Maa-Baadi institutions in southern Rajasthan - A pilot study
Authors: Mohanty S.S. , Purohit Anil , Anand P.K. , Huda Ramesh Kumar , Sharma Arun Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Background & objectives:
Sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited disorder of erythrocytes, is highly prevalent in the tribal population of India. The tribal population of India is approximately 100 million and it is necessary to identify the magnitude of this problem. Furthermore, the prevalence of the disease is unknown among the five million tribal people of southern provinces of Rajasthan. In this study, we intended to determine the prevalence and characteristics of sickle cell disorder among the tribal inhabitants of southern Rajasthan.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among the tribal students of the Maa-Baadis and hostels situated in the five tribal sub-plan districts of Rajasthan. Maa-Baadi centres are located in every village, whereas for every four to five villages, one hostel is allocated to accommodate the tribal students. The screening for SCD was done by solubility test and electrophoresis was used for confirmation.

Results:
A total of 36,752 tribal students were screened from 1,006 Maa-Baadi centres and 243 hostels. The prevalence of SCD among the tribal students was 5.8 per cent. The prevalence of heterozygous and homozygous conditions was 5.61 and 0.17 per cent, respectively. Among the five sub-plan districts, the highest prevalence was observed in Sirohi district (10.5%) followed by Banswara (7.42%), Udaipur (6.53%), Pratapgarh (5.51%) and Dungarpur (1.89%). Among the four major tribes belonging to these districts, the highest prevalence was recorded in Garasia tribes (13.81%). The history of leg ulcers and the mean pulse rate were significantly high in SCD individuals.

Interpretation & conclusions:
SCD is a significant problem among the tribes of southern Rajasthan, with the highest prevalence among the Garasia tribe. The present study recommends that a structured screening programme targeting the entire tribal population with appropriate counselling as well as providing treatment through the existing health system is the need of the hour.
A systematic review on hydroxyurea therapy for sickle cell disease in India
Authors: Pandey Apoorva , Kaur Harpreet , Borah Sapan , Khargekar Naveen , Karra Vijay Kumar , Adhikari Tulsi , Jain Dipty , Madkaikar Manisha 
Published: January 2023

Background & objectives:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) constitutes frequently inherited haemoglobin disorders and poses a significant health burden in India. Hydroxyurea (HU), the most commonly used drug, has shown promising results in the clinical management of SCD. The present systematic review was undertaken to assess the efficacy and toxicity of HU in Indian sickle cell patients.

Methods:
A systematic review of studies on HU therapy was conducted to identify the application of HU and its outcome(s) across India. PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library was used as data sources for various studies on the efficacy and toxicity of HU therapy for treatment for SCD in India published between January 2001 and October 2021. Two authors independently extracted the data on study design, patient characteristics and therapeutic outcomes of HU in order to determine the study quality of the present review.

Results:
Overall, 14 studies were included for a systematic analysis. Of these 11 were prospective, two cross-sectional and one double-blind randomized controlled trial. Low-dose HU (10 mg/kg/day) was found to reduce the rates of vaso-occlusive crisis and hospitalization as well as decreased the requirement of blood transfusion in SCD patients. The foetal haemoglobin (HbF) level was recorded in 13 (80%) studies all of whom reported an elevation in the HbF levels, with a mean increase in per cent HbF from 15.8 to 21.4 per cent across studies. The common adverse events were reversible, mild-to-moderate cytopenia and anaemia.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The findings of the present review suggest that there is still insufficient information presently to determine the long-term or major adverse effects on organ damage, fertility as well as pregnancy on the use of HU therapy for SCD. Long-term multi-centric studies are thus required to address these problems.
Sobolev spaces on Lie manifolds and regularity for polyhedral domains
Authors: Ammann Bernd , Ionescu Alexandru D. , Nistor Victor 
Published: January 2023

We study some basic analytic questions related to differential operators on Lie manifolds, which are manifolds whose large scale geometry can be described by a a Lie algebra of vector fields on a compactification. We extend to Lie manifolds several classical results on Sobolev spaces, elliptic regularity, and mapping properties of pseudodifferential operators. A tubular neighborhood theorem for Lie submanifolds allows us also to extend to regular open subsets of Lie manifolds the classical results on traces of functions in suitable Sobolev spaces. Our main application is a regularity result on polyhedral domains

\mathbb P \subset \mathbb R^3

using the weighted Sobolev spaces

\mathcal K^m_a(\mathbb P)

. In particular, we show that there is no loss of

\mathcal K^m_a

–regularity for solutions of strongly elliptic systems with smooth coefficients. For the proof, we identify

\mathcal K^m_a(\mathbb P)

with the Sobolev spaces on

\mathbb P

associated to the metric

r_{\mathbb P}^{-2} g_E

, where

g_E

is the Euclidean metric and

r_{\mathbb P}(x)

is a smoothing of the Euclidean distance from

x

to the set of singular points of

\mathbb P

. A suitable compactification of the interior of

\mathbb P

then becomes a regular open subset of a Lie manifold. We also obtain the well-posedness of a non-standard boundary value problem on a smooth, bounded domain with boundary

\mathcal O \subset \mathbb R^n

using weighted Sobolev spaces, where the weight is the distance to the boundary.
HNN Extensions of Quasi-Lattice Ordered Groups and their Operator Algebras
Authors: Raeburn Iain , Tolich Ilija , an Huef Astrid 
Published: January 2023

The Baumslag-Solitar group is an example of an HNN extension. J. Spielberg [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 86, No. 3, 728–754 (2012; Zbl 1264.46040)] showed that it has a natural positive cone, and that it is then a quasi-lattice ordered group in the sense of A. Nica [J. Oper. Theory 27, No. 1, 17–52 (1992; Zbl 0809.46058)]. We give conditions for an HNN extension of a quasi-lattice ordered group

(G,P)

to be quasi-lattice ordered. In that case, if

(G,P)

is amenable as a quasi-lattice ordered group, then so is the HNN extension.
Manis valuations and Prüfer extensions. I
Authors: Knebusch Manfred , Zhang Digen 
Published: January 2023

We call a commutative ring extension

A \subset R

Prüfer, if

A

is an

R

-Prüfer ring in the sense of Griffin (Can. J. Math. 26 (1974)). These extensions relate to Manis valuations in much the same way as Prüfer domains to Krull valuations. We develop a basic theory of Prüfer extensions and give some examples. In the introduction we try to explain why Prüfer extensions deserve interest from a geometric viewpoint.
A new method for the quantification of ambient particulate matter emissions
Authors: Vratolis Stergios , Diapouli Evangelia , Manousakas Manousos I. , Almeida Susana Marta , Beslic Ivan , Kertesz Zsofia , Samek Lucyna , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. An inversion method has been developed in order to quantify the emission rate of certain aerosol pollution sources across a wide region in the Northern hemisphere, mainly in Europe and Western Asia. The data employed are the aerosol contribution factors (sources) deducted by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) on a PM2.5 chemical composition dataset from 16 European and Asian cities for the period 2014 to 2016. The spatial resolution of the method corresponds to the geographic grid cell size of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART) which was utilized for the air mass backward simulations. The area covered is also related to the location of the 16 cities under study. Species with an aerodynamic geometric mean diameter of 400 nm and 3.1 μm and geometric standard deviation of 1.6 and 2.25 respectively, were used to model the Secondary Sulfate and Dust aerosol transport. PSCF analysis and Generalized Tikhonov regularization were applied so as to acquire potential source areas and quantify their emission rate. A significant source area for Secondary Sulfate on the East of the Caspian Sea is indicated, when data from all stations are used. The maximum emission rate in that area is as high as 10 g * m-2 * s-1. When Vilnius, Dushanbe and Kurchatov data were excluded, the areas with the highest emission factors were the Western and Central Balkans and South Poland. The results display many similarities to the SO2 emission map provided by ECLIPSE database. For Dust aerosol, measurements from Athens, Belgrade, Debrecen, Lisbon, Tirana and Zagreb are utilized. The west Sahara region is indicated as the most important source area and its contribution is quantified, with a maximum of 17.5 g * m-2 * s-1. When we apply the emission rates from every geographic grid cell (1º x 1º) for Secondary Sulfate aerosol deducted with the new method to air masses originating from Vilnius, a good approximation to the measured values is achieved.
Automated ArcticDEM iceberg detection tool: insights into area and volume distributions, and their potential application to satellite imagery and modelling of glacier–iceberg–ocean systems
Authors: Shiggins Connor J. , Lea James M. , Brough Stephen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Iceberg calving accounts for up to half of mass loss from
the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), with their size distributions providing
insights into glacier calving dynamics and impacting fjord environments
through their melting and subsequent freshwater release. Iceberg area and
volume data for the GrIS are currently limited to a handful of fjord
locations, while existing approaches to iceberg detection are often time-consuming and are not always suited for long time series analysis over large
spatial scales. This study presents a highly automated workflow that detects
icebergs and appends their associated metadata within Google Earth Engine
using high spatial resolution timestamped ArcticDEM (Arctic Digital
Elevation Model) strip data. This is applied to three glaciers that exhibit
a range of different iceberg concentrations and size distributions: Sermeq
Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), Umiammakku Isbræ and Kangiata Nunaata
Sermia. A total of 39 ArcticDEM scenes are analysed, detecting a total of
163 738 icebergs with execution times of 6 min to 2 h for each
glacier depending on the number of DEMs available and total area analysed,
comparing well with the mapping of manually digitised outlines. Results
reveal two distinct iceberg distributions at Sermeq Kujalleq and Kangiata
Nunaata Sermia where iceberg density is high, and one distribution at
Umiammakku Isbræ where iceberg density is low. Small icebergs (< 1000 m2) are found to account for over 80 % of each glacier's
icebergs; however, they only contribute to 10 %–37 % of total iceberg volume
suggesting that large icebergs are proportionally more important for glacier
mass loss and as fjord freshwater reservoirs. The overall dataset is used to
construct new area-to-volume conversions (with associated uncertainties)
that can be applied elsewhere to two-dimensional iceberg outlines derived
from optical or synthetic aperture radar imagery. When data are expressed in
terms of total iceberg count and volume, insight is provided into iceberg
distributions that have potential applicability to observations and
modelling of iceberg calving behaviour and fjord freshwater fluxes. Due to
the speed and automated nature of our approach, this workflow offers the
potential to interrogate iceberg data on a pan-Arctic scale where ArcticDEM
strip data coverage allows.
Use of sorption premixes in fish farming as a prevention of nutritional toxicosis
Authors: Popova O. S. , Baryshev V. A. 
Published: January 2023

Climate change is a fact with serious implications that extend to pollution, seafood safety and global food security.The studies were carried out in 2022, on the basis of the FGBOU HE SPbGUVM. Guppy aquarium fish were taken as objects of exploratory research. In the amount of 45 pieces. All objects were placed in the same habitat conditions: 3 aquariums of 10 liters each, males were selected, 10 pcs each. Three groups were created: the first group was given acetate as a lead toxicant, at the rate of 1g/10l, which is 10 times higher than the MPC, which is 0.1g/l according to existing regulations. The second group was given a toxicant in an equivalent dose and a sorption complex (vermiculite, perlite and polyphepan) at the rate of 4% of the daily norm, the control group remained free of toxicants and premix.The toxicant was given once, the sorption complex for a month, crushed and mixed with the feed beforehand. Feeding was carried out with specialized Tetra food. After 30 days. guppy tissue and organ samples were sent to the laboratory of the Educational and Research Center for the Expertise of Food Products and Feed for Animals (FGBOU VO SPbGUVM, St. Petersburg). A study on the detection of lead in tissues and organs was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry M 04-64-2017, using an atomic absorption spectrometer with electrical atomization MGA-915.According to our exploratory studies, the premix dose of 4% allowed to reduce the amount of toxins by almost three times under equal conditions. Thus, this complex of sorbents can be used as a prevention of altimentary toxicosis with lead acetate in aquarium fish, and also that a premix of sorbents can be recommended for use in fisheries after industrial testing.
Food safety monitoring in the course of state veterinary control (supervision)
Authors: Poyarkova T. V. , Zakhodnova D. V. , Shershneva I. I. 
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the state veterinary laboratory monitoring in the implementation of federal state veterinary control (supervision). Studied the regulatory framework for food safety. The data on the number of samples taken and the results of laboratory studies of samples of food products, feed and feed additives for veterinary safety for the period 2020-2022 for the subjects of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region were analyzed. Sampling is carried out by specialists of the NorthWestern Interregional Directorate of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance as part of safety monitoring for research at the testing centers of Rosselkhoznadzor. The task of conducting laboratory studies (tests) of the safety of goods subject to veterinary control (supervision) is to establish compliance or non-compliance of goods subject to veterinary control (supervision) with the unified veterinary (veterinary and sanitary) requirements of the Eurasian Union.To ensure the quality and safety of food products, it is necessary to control their compliance with the mandatory requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union; improve the organization of quality control and food safety, including the creation of a modern technical and methodological base; improve mechanisms to encourage producers to produce food products that meet the principles of healthy nutrition, including agricultural products, raw materials and food that meet established veterinary and other requirements; to strengthen the administrative responsibility of food producers and officials for violation of the mandatory requirements for food products established in the acts constituting the law of the Eurasian Economic Union and in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.