bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraphilia, Gender Dysphoria, and Hypersexuality
Authors: Cantor James M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Atypical sexualities span psychopathologies whose physical expression poses risk of physical harm, erotic interests which are physically harmless but may pose social or mental health or social challenges related to stigma or hindrances to finding partners with corresponding interests, and sexualities which represent membership among sexual orientation or gender identity minorities. Some sexual fantasies would pose harm if enacted in the real world but remain in fantasy only. These overlapping contexts pose unique challenges to researchers, as findings become discussed with regard to their potential impact on, for example, insurance payments for treatments, justification for medical sex reassignment of minors, parole and probation terms following sex-related crimes, and so on. The present chapter provides an atheoretical review of the evidence regarding atypical sexualities and identities, their known correlates, their etiologies, and their responses to the available treatment options and social reactions.
Schizotypy and Schizotypic Psychopathology: Theory, Evidence, and Future Directions
Authors: Lenzenweger Mark F. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the concept of schizotypy and its relationship to schizotypic psychopathology as well as schizophrenia. The derivation of the schizotypy model is traced through early clinical observations of the biological relativity of schizophrenia patients as well as schizotypic patients presenting for treatment to modern biological, genetic, psychometric, neurocognitive, and longitudinal follow-up studies. The theoretical formulations of Rado, Meehl, and others are explicated and used as a framework to organize empirical research findings on schizotypic psychopathology. A wide array of results suggests that schizotypy can be defined as the latent liability for schizophrenia, one expressing itself variably from subtle indicators detectable with sensitive laboratory measures through a range of phenotypically discernible schizotypic pathologies. Considerable attention is given to the meaning of the term “schizotypy” and how it is used in psychopathology research, with particular importance placed on the centrality of the liability for schizophrenia concept. Areas in need of additional research are highlighted, and potentially fruitful avenues for such research are suggested.
HPr prevents FruR-mediated facilitation of RNA polymerase binding to the fru promoter in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Yoon Chang-Kyu , Lee Seung-Hwan , Zhang Jing , Lee Hye-Young , Kim Min-Kyu , Seok Yeong-Jae 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Phosphorylation state-dependent interactions of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) components with transcription factors play a key role in carbon catabolite repression (CCR) by glucose in bacteria. Glucose inhibits the PTS-dependent transport of fructose and is preferred over fructose in Vibrio cholerae, but the mechanism is unknown. We have recently shown that, contrary to Escherichia coli, the fructose-dependent transcriptional regulator FruR acts as an activator of the fru operon in V. cholerae and binding of the FruR–fructose 1-phosphate (F1P) complex to an operator facilitates RNA polymerase (RNAP) binding to the fru promoter. Here we show that, in the presence of glucose, dephosphorylated HPr, a general PTS component, binds to FruR. Whereas HPr does not affect DNA-binding affinity of FruR, regardless of the presence of F1P, it prevents the FruR–F1P complex from facilitating the binding of RNAP to the fru promoter. Structural and biochemical analyses of the FruR–HPr complex identify key residues responsible for the V. cholerae-specific FruR–HPr interaction not observed in E. coli. Finally, we reveal how the dephosphorylated HPr interacts with FruR in V. cholerae, whereas the phosphorylated HPr binds to CcpA, which is a global regulator of CCR in Bacillus subtilis and shows structural similarity to FruR.
Short-term variability in plankton abundance on the inner shelf off Ubatuba, Brazil
Authors: Penninck Silvana B , Lopes Rubens M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The interaction between biological and short-term physical processes affects plankton distribution and composition variability, with consequences for the entire ecosystem. Aspects of the plankton distribution at smaller scales have been understudied, mainly in coastal regions where highly variable conditions promote variations in the biophysical environment. This work aimed to investigate the short-term variations in the distribution of plankton along the inner shelf off Ubatuba, Brazil. We quantified the abundance and diversity of the main planktonic taxa (&gt;100 μm) and their spatiotemporal distribution in winter 2018 and summer 2019 using high-resolution sensors and a shadowgraphic imaging system at cross-shore and fixed stations (12 and 24 h). Summer–winter environmental contrast was evident in the water column stability and plankton abundance. In the summer, higher values of plankton abundance and diversity were obtained. Our results suggested that spatiotemporal variations related to wind-induced mixing and water mass intrusions lead to variabilities in plankton populations on a time scale of a few hours, vertically between depth layers and at spatial scales ˂2 km. This study contributes to the knowledge of the mechanisms of biophysical interactions and their spatiotemporal variation, which is crucial for assessing the effects of climate variability on plankton-mediated ecosystem services.
Depicting pseudotime-lagged causality across single-cell trajectories for accurate gene-regulatory inference
Authors: Reagor Caleb C , Velez-Angel Nicolas , Hudspeth A J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Identifying the causal interactions in gene-regulatory networks requires an accurate understanding of the time-lagged relationships between transcription factors and their target genes. Here we describe DELAY (short for Depicting Lagged Causality), a convolutional neural network for the inference of gene-regulatory relationships across pseudotime-ordered single-cell trajectories. We show that combining supervised deep learning with joint probability matrices of pseudotime-lagged trajectories allows the network to overcome important limitations of ordinary Granger causality-based methods, for example, the inability to infer cyclic relationships such as feedback loops. Our network outperforms several common methods for inferring gene regulation and, when given partial ground-truth labels, predicts novel regulatory networks from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell ATAC sequencing (scATAC-seq) data sets. To validate this approach, we used DELAY to identify important genes and modules in the regulatory network of auditory hair cells, as well as likely DNA-binding partners for two hair cell cofactors (Hist1h1c and Ccnd1) and a novel binding sequence for the hair cell-specific transcription factor Fiz1. We provide an easy-to-use implementation of DELAY under an open-source license at https://github.com/calebclayreagor/DELAY.
Predictors of Noninvasive Ventilation Failure in the Post-Extubation Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Hryciw Brett N. , Hryciw Nicole , Tran Alexandre , Fernando Shannon M. , Rochwerg Bram , Burns Karen E. A. , Seely Andrew J. E. 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
To identify factors associated with failure of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the post-extubation period.

Data Sources:
We searched Embase Classic +, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to February 28, 2022.

Study Selection:
We included English language studies that provided predictors of post-extubation NIV failure necessitating reintubation.

Data Extraction:
Two authors conducted data abstraction and risk-of-bias assessments independently. We used a random-effects model to pool binary and continuous data and summarized estimates of effect using odds ratios (ORs) mean difference (MD), respectively. We used the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool to assess risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations to assess certainty.

Data Synthesis:
We included 25 studies (n = 2,327). Illness-related factors associated with increased odds of post-extubation NIV failure were higher critical illness severity (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.96–6.45; high certainty) and a diagnosis of pneumonia (OR, 6.16; 95% CI, 2.59–14.66; moderate certainty). Clinical and biochemical factors associated with moderate certainty of increased risk of NIV failure post-extubation include higher respiratory rate (MD, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.61–2.47), higher heart rate (MD, 4.46; 95% CI, 1.67–7.25), lower Pao
2:Fio
2 (MD, –30.78; 95% CI, –50.02 to –11.54) 1-hour after NIV initiation, and higher rapid shallow breathing index (MD, 15.21; 95% CI, 12.04–18.38) prior to NIV start. Elevated body mass index was the only patient-related factor that may be associated with a protective effect (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09–0.52; moderate certainty) on post-extubation NIV failure.

Conclusions:
We identified several prognostic factors before and 1 hour after NIV initiation associated with increased risk of NIV failure in the post-extubation period. Well-designed prospective studies are required to confirm the prognostic importance of these factors to help further guide clinical decision-making.
A SCLERAL BUCKLE INFECTION CAUSED BY CUTIBACTERIUM ACNES (FORMERLY PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES) AN ATYPICAL, INDOLENT COURSE
Authors: Yehezkeli Veronika , Ayalon Anfisa , Naftali Ben Haim Liron , Rubowitz Alexander 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
To report a case of atypical, indolent presentation of scleral buckle infection, caused by Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes).

Methods:
Observational case report.

Results:
A 44-year-old healthy woman with a history of scleral buckling procedure for retinal detachment repair 16 years before presentation was admitted with pain and redness in her left eye for 6 weeks. Conjunctival hyperemia and vascular congestion were noted over the scleral buckle in a circular manner without signs of exposure. After removal of the scleral buckle, culture analysis revealed C. acnes. Systemic amoxicillin was administrated. Over a six-month follow-up, the retina remained attached.

Conclusion:

Cutibacterium acnes, known to be associated with chronic postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, may also lead to scleral buckle infection with an indolent, chronic course.
Facilitators and Barriers to Providing Clinical Education Experiences Through the Lens of Clinical Stakeholders
Authors: Wilkinson Tawna , Myers Katherine , Bayliss Jamie , Gleeson Peggy , Konecne Janet , Lewis Michele , Thomas Jodi , Pientok Colette , Hoang Thuha 
Published: March 2023

Introduction.
Although the provision of clinical education (CE) experiences affords many benefits to clinical stakeholders, little published literature exists regarding the factors influencing decisions of site coordinators of CE (SCCE), clinical administrators, and clinical instructors (CI) to provide CE.

Review of Literature.
Site coordinators of CE and CIs navigate workplace expectations while making decisions about their engagement in CE experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical stakeholders’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers to the provision of CE experiences for entry-level Doctor of Physical Therapy students.

Subjects.
This study used survey data from a previous study on perspectives related to payment for CE experiences. The survey questions analyzed included responses provided by 501 clinical administrators, 445 SCCEs, and 657 CIs.

Methods.
Retrospective analysis of survey data included frequencies and percentages of responses for nominal and categorical data. Open-ended survey questions underwent content analysis to identify overarching concepts and subordinate categories.

Results.
Clinicians are most motivated to serve as CIs by “enjoyment of teaching” (274, 49.4%) and a sense of “professional responsibility” (147, 26.5%). Site coordinators of CEs indicated that the top challenges faced in soliciting CIs were the ability to manage challenging students (347, 69.0%), lack of experience serving as a CI (227, 63.4%), ability to maintain productivity standards (220, 61.5%), and clinician burnout (219, 61.2%). Although all participants agreed that their organization promotes a culture of teaching, clinical administrators agreed at a higher percentage than SCCEs (97.8% vs 94.3%, respectively).

Discussion and Conclusion.
Clinical instructors identified values and benefits that were, at times, in contrast to the organizational culture. The discrepancies in perceptions among stakeholders that were uncovered by this research provide a unique lens that has not been addressed in the literature to date. To provide meaningful support for CIs, it is imperative that directors of CEs, clinical administrators, and SCCEs clearly understand the perceptions of the CI.
Preclinical study in a postoperative pain model to investigate the action of ketamine, lidocaine, and ascorbic acid in reversing fentanyl-induced, non–glutamate-dependent hyperalgesia
Authors: Delgado Marina Ayres , Ferreira Luana Assis , Gomes Bianka Jaciara dos Santos , Leite Isis Katarine Orlandi , Gomez Marcus Vinícius , Castro-Junior Célio 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a paradoxical phenomenon in which exposure to opioids can increase sensitivity to painful stimuli. Currently, several drugs have been used in an attempt to prevent OIH. We design this study to address the effect of preemptive treatment with ketamine, lidocaine, and ascorbic acid in a rat preclinical model of perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia.

Methods:
To reproduce OIH in a model of postoperative pain, rats received successive doses of fentanyl subcutaneously and underwent an incision in the paw. In an attempt to prevent OIH, ketamine, lidocaine, and ascorbic acid were administered before treatment with fentanyl. The von Frey test and the hot-plate test were used to evaluate mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, respectively, with a follow-up period from 1 hour up to 7 days after surgery. Spinal cord nerve terminals (synaptosomes) were used to assess glutamate release under our experimental conditions.

Results:
Consecutive fentanyl injections increased the postoperative pain as indicated by increased thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia 48 hours after incision. Ketamine, lidocaine, and the combination of ketamine + lidocaine were able to prevent thermal hyperalgesia but not mechanical allodynia. Ascorbic acid did not prevent the hyperalgesia induced by fentanyl. We found no correlation between spinal glutamate release and the pharmacological treatments.

Conclusion:
Fentanyl induced a hyperalgesic effect that last few days in a postoperative model of pain. Hyperalgesic effect was not totally inhibited by ketamine and lidocaine in rats. Increased glutamate release was not the main molecular mechanism of fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia.
Three-Dimensional Surface Analysis for Preoperative Prediction of Breast Volume: A Validation Study
Authors: Stern Carrie S. , Plotsker Ethan L. , Rubenstein Robyn , Mehrara Ellie , Haglich Kathryn , Zoghbi Yasmina , Mehrara Babak J. , Nelson Jonas A. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Few studies have examined whether preoperative three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging can accurately predict breast volume. Reliably predicting breast volume preoperatively can assist with breast reconstruction planning, patient education, and perioperative risk stratification.

Methods:
We conducted a review of patients who underwent mastectomy from 2020–2021 and included all patients who had preoperative VECTRA XT 3D imaging. VECTRA Analysis Module (VAM) and VECTRA Body Sculptor (VBS) were used for volumetric analysis using standard anatomic breast borders. Breast weights were obtained intraoperatively. Predictive accuracy was defined as VAM estimates ±10% of mastectomy specimen weight or ±100 g of mastectomy weight.

Results:
The study included 179 patients (266 breasts). There was no significant difference (p=0.22) between mean mastectomy weight of 620.8 g (SD=360.3 g) and mean VAM estimate of 609.5 g (SD=361.9 g). Mean VBS estimate was 498.9 g (SD=337.6 g), which differed from mean mastectomy weight (p<0.001). When defining predictive accuracy as ±100 g, 58.7% of VAM and 44.4% of VBS estimates were accurate. Body mass index, body surface area, and ptosis grade significantly impacted VAM and VBS breast volume predictions.

Conclusions:
VAM is more accurate at predicting mastectomy weight than VBS, likely due to VAM’s analysis of surface topography rather than discrete surface landmarks. Discrepancies between VECTRA estimates and mastectomy weight were likely due to differences between surgical mastectomy borders and breast borders used in volumetric analysis. Surgeons should consider the physical characteristics of patients when utilizing 3D imaging.
Air versus Saline in Initial Prepectoral Tissue Expansion: A Comparison of Complications and Perioperative Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Plotsker Ethan L. , Coriddi Michelle , Rubenstein Robyn N. , Chu Jacqueline J. , Haglich Kathryn , Disa Joseph J. , Matros Evan , Dayan Joseph H. , Allen Robert , Nelson Jonas A 
Published: March 2023

Background:
One option to optimize prepectoral tissue expander fill volume while minimizing stress on mastectomy skin flaps is to use air as an initial fill medium, with subsequent exchange to saline during postoperative expansion. We compared complications and early patient-reported outcomes (PROs) based on fill type in prepectoral breast reconstruction patients.

Methods:
We reviewed prepectoral breast reconstruction patients who underwent intraoperative tissue expansion with air or saline from 2018–2020 to assess fill-type utilization. Primary endpoint was expander loss; secondary endpoints included seroma, hematoma, infection/cellulitis, full-thickness mastectomy skin flap necrosis (MSFN) requiring revision, expander exposure, and capsular contracture. PROs were assessed with BREAST-Q Physical Well-Being of the Chest 2 weeks postoperatively. Propensity-matching was performed as a secondary analysis.

Results:
Of 560 patients (928 expanders) included in our analysis, 372 had devices initially filled with air (623 expanders) and 188 with saline (305 expanders). No differences were observed for overall rates of expander loss (4.7% vs. 3.0%, p=0.290) or overall complications (22.5% vs. 17.7%, p=0.103). No difference in BREAST-Q scores was observed (p=0.142). Utilization of air-filled expanders decreased substantially over the last study year. Following propensity matching, we did not observe differences in loss, other complications, or PROs across cohorts.

Conclusion:
Tissue expanders initially filled with air appear to have no significant advantage over saline-filled expanders in maintaining mastectomy skin flap viability or PROs, including after propensity matching. These findings can help guide choice of initial tissue expander fill-type.
Role of Tumor-informed Personalized Circulating Tumor DNA Assay in Informing Recurrence in Patients With Peritoneal Metastases From Colorectal and High-grade Appendix Cancer Undergoing Curative-intent Surgery
Authors: Dhiman Ankit , Kothary Vishesh , Witmer Hunter D. D. , Bregio Celyn , Sood Divya , Ong Cecilia T. , Polite Blase , Eng Oliver S. , Shergill Ardaman , Turaga Kiran K. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To investigate the role of a personalized, tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assay in informing recurrence in patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) from colorectal (CRC) and high-grade appendix (HGA) cancer after curative cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC).

Background:
Over 50% of patients with CRC/HGA-PM recur after optimal CRS-HIPEC. The limited sensitivity of axial imaging and diagnostic biomarkers is a significant cause of delay in the detection of recurrence and initiation of further therapies. Plasma ctDNA has a promising role in monitoring response to treatment and/or recurrence after primary cancer resection.

Methods:
Patients with CRC/HGA-PM who underwent curative CRS-HIPEC and serial postresection ctDNA assessments were included. Patients with rising postoperative ctDNA levels were compared with those with stable, undetectable ctDNA levels. Primary outcomes were the percentage of patients with recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary outcomes were overall survival, ctDNA sensitivity, lead time, and performance of ctDNA compared with carcinoembryonic antigen.

Results:
One hundred thirty serial postresection ctDNA assessments [median 4, interquartile range (IQR), 3 to 5] were performed in 33 patients (n = 13 CRC, n = 20 HGA) who underwent completeness of cytoreduction-0/1 CRS with a median follow-up of 13 months. Of the 19 patients with rising ctDNA levels, 90% recurred versus 21% in the stable ctDNA group (n = 14, < 0.001). Median DFS in the rising ctDNA cohort was 11 months (IQR, 6 to 12) and not reached in the stable (P = 0.01). A rising ctDNA level was the most significant factor associated with DFS (hazard ratio: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.06–12.66, P = 0.03). The sensitivity and specificity of rising ctDNA levels in predicting recurrence were 85% and 84.6%, respectively. The median ctDNA lead time was 3 months (IQR, 1 to 4). Carcinoembryonic antigen was less sensitive (50%) than ctDNA.

Conclusions:
This study supports the clinical validity of serial ctDNA assessment as a strong prognostic biomarker in informing recurrence in patients with CRC/HGA-PM undergoing curative resection. It also holds promises for informing future clinical trial designs and further research.
Understanding Variation in In-hospital Mortality After Major Surgery in the United States
Authors: Martins Russell Seth , Chang Yu-Hui , Etzioni David , Stucky Chee-Chee , Cronin Patricia , Wasif Nabil 
Published: March 2023

Objectives:
We aimed to quantify the contributions of patient characteristics (PC), hospital structural characteristics (HC), and hospital operative volumes (HOV) to in-hospital mortality (IHM) after major surgery in the United States (US).

Background:
The volume-outcome relationship correlates higher HOV with decreased IHM. However, IHM after major surgery is multifactorial, and the relative contribution of PC, HC, and HOV to IHM after major surgery is unknown.

Study Design:
Patients undergoing major pancreatic, esophageal, lung, bladder, and rectal operations between 2006 and 2011 were identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample linked to the American Hospital Association survey. Multilevel logistic regression models were constructed using PC, HC, and HOV to calculate attributable variability in IHM for each.

Results:
Eighty thousand nine hundred sixty-nine patients across 1025 hospitals were included. Postoperative IHM ranged from 0.9% for rectal to 3.9% for esophageal surgery. Patient characteristics contributed most of the variability in IHM for esophageal (63%), pancreatic (62.9%), rectal (41.2%), and lung (44.4%) operations. HOV explained < 25% of variability for pancreatic, esophageal, lung, and rectal surgery. HC accounted for 16.9% and 17.4% of the variability in IHM for esophageal and rectal surgery. Unexplained variability in IHM was high in the lung (44.3%), bladder (39.3%), and rectal (33.7%) surgery subgroups.

Conclusions:
Despite recent policy focus on the volume-outcome relationship, HOV was not the most important contributor to IHM for the major organ surgeries studied. PC remains the largest identifiable contributor to hospital mortality. Quality improvement initiatives should emphasize patient optimization and structural improvements, in addition to investigating the yet unexplained sources contributing to IHM.