bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sensitization with Propionibacterium Acnes on the Growth of Listeria Monocytogenes and Treponema Pallidum in Rabbits
Authors: Baughn Robert E. , Musher Daniel M. , Knox John M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sensitization of rabbits with Propionibacterium acnes, a nonspecific stimulant of the reticuloendothelial system, was investigated as a means of enhancing resistance to Treponema pallidum. A single i.v. dose of P. acnes given 3 or 7 days before challenge with Listeria monocytogenes was capable of suppressing the growth of the heterologous organism, whereas a single i.v. dose 24 hr or 14 days before challenge was not. Reactivation via i.v. elicitation with P. acnes 14 days after sensitization (1 day before challenge) caused significant suppression of listerial growth in the major organs 30 hr after i.v. challenge. A series of similar experiments was designed with T. pallidum as the challenge organism. Sensitization and repetitive elicitation with P. acnes did not change the time of appearance or progression of syphilitic chancres after i.v. or i.d. challenge. Injection of P. acnes into sites of intradermal T. pallidum challenge in previously sensitized rabbits also failed to alter the evolution of syphilitic lesions. These results suggest that macrophage activation does not alter the host's ability to suppress the growth of T. pallidum.
Immune Interactions with Cells Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus: Antibodies to Radioiodinated Surface Antigens
Authors: Glorioso Joseph C. , Smith Jerry W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination was used to study reactions between surface antigens and antibodies on BHK-21 cells infected with HSV-1 and HSV-2. Isolation of iodinated surface antigens was achieved by indirect immune precipitation of Triton X-100-disrupted cells with antisera to HSV and IgG. Analysis of immune precipitates by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) revealed at least 10 antigens, ranging in m.w. from 35 × 103 to 160 × 103 daltons. Antigens were detectable on cell surfaces as early as 2 hr post-infection. Electrophoretic patterns of surface antigens induced by HSV-1 were similar to those induced by HSV-2. In both cases the major portion of activity was associated with glycoprotein(s) in the range of 115 × 103 to 130 × 103 daltons. A reduced amount of radioactivity was obtained if cells were reacted with anti-HSV sera before disruption with Triton X-100, suggesting that less surface antigen was accessible to HSV antibody applied directly to intact cells.
Histamine Modulation of Eosinophil Migration
Authors: Clark Richard A. F. , Sandler Jeffrey A. , Gallin J. I. , Kaplan Allen P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preincubation of eosinophils with 10-5 M or higher concentrations of histamine inhibited the eosinophil chemotactic response to endotoxin-activated serum whether by using the nucleopore filter assay and counting the cells migrating through the filter, or by using the Zigmond-Hirsch assay and counting the cells at each 10-µm interval. When the H2-receptor sites on the eosinophils were blocked by metiamide, the inhibitory capacity of histamine was prevented. Preincubation of eosinophils with 10-6 M histamine increased the number of responding eosinophils to endotoxin-activated serum and this enhancement was blocked by an H1-receptor antagonist.
Isoproteronol and aminophylline inhibited eosinophil movement and increasing concentrations of dibutryl cyclic AMP inhibited eosinophil migration. Concentrations of histamine that consistently resulted in inhibition of eosinophil movement stimulated an increase in cyclic AMP that was prevented by blocking the H2-receptor but not the H1-receptor. Thus, histamine-dependent inhibition of the eosinophil chemotactic response to other agents is mediated through the H2-receptor and is associated with an increase in the intracellular level of cyclic AMP whereas histamine dependent enhancement of eosinophil migration to other agents appears to be mediated through the H1-receptor.
Eosinophils behave as a heterogeneous population as assessed by the ability of histamine to augment or inhibit cell migration. This may reflect differences in H1 to H2 receptor density or cell responsiveness to receptor stimulation. The chemoattractant activity of histamine itself is not influenced by H1 or H2 receptor antagonists, thus it is possible that an eosinophil has a third type of histamine receptor.
Requirement for Non T-Cells in the Generation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) in Vitro
Authors: Miller Richard G. , Schilling Rainer M. , Phillips Robert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Small numbers of LN cells will produce many more cytotoxic lymphocytes on in vitro culture with allogeneic stimulator cells if spleen cells from nu/nu mice are also present throughout the culture period. All cytotoxic cells produced are T cells and arise from precursors in the LN component. The nude spleen component appears to be providing a required non-T cell which has been lost from the LN component through dilution. At least two active subpopulations of cells, differing in sedimentation velocity, adherence properties, radiation sensitivity, and antigen recognition properties can be identified in the nu/nu spleen. The first, the dominant activity in normal nu/nu spleen, is nonadherent, radiation sensitive, and can synergize with either syngeneic or allogeneic LN cells provided both are different from the same alloantigens in the stimulator population. The second, found in nu/nu spleen cells precultured with alloantigen, sediments more rapidly, is adherent, and radiation resistant, and need not be allogeneic to the stimulator cells to synergize with LN cells. The first subpopulation may give rise to the second.
Anti-Thymocyte Autoimmunity in BALB/c Mice Accompanying Immunization to a Syngeneic Lymphoma
Authors: Baechtel F. Samuel , Prager Morton D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As immunization of BALB/c mice to the syngeneic P1798 lymphoma is effected by administration of iodoacetamide-modified P1798 cells, serum antibodies appear which are reactive with P1798 and normal BALB/c thymocytes, splenocytes, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Anti-P1798 serum also cross-reacted with thymocytes from AKR, DBA/2, and C3H mice as well as the allogeneic lymphoma 6C3HED. Anti-P1798 serum was unreactive with the Thy-1 deficient L1210 lymphoma. Multiple absorptions of anti-P1798 serum with normal BALB/c thymocytes or brain or P1798 removed antibodies to P1798 and thymocytes commensurately. Normal BALB/c liver and kidney did not absorb antibody activity. Treatment of a BALB/c splenocyte suspension with anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement removed the population of spleen cells which were capable of reaction with anti-P1798 serum. The data suggest that antibodies to P1798 and thymocytes are the same and that specificity may be directed toward a Thy-1 related structure but without distinguishing Thy-1.1 and Thy-1.2.
Mitogenic Responsiveness and Monocyte-Lymphocyte Interaction of Early and Late Rosette-Forming Cell Populations of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Taniguchi Noboru , Miyawaki Toshio , Moriya Naoki , Nagaoki Takeshi , Kato Eiji , Okuda Norihiko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Adherent cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were removed by the attachment to the plastic surface of tissue culture dishes. After removal of adherent cells, early rosette-forming cells (early RFC), which were characterized by early (5 min) rosette formation with sheep blood cells (SRBC) at an SRBC to lymphocyte ratio of 8:1, were separated from nonrosetting cells by sedimentation on Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. Total (60 min) rosette formation was carried out with the early RFC-depleted cell population on the gradient interface by the use of neuraminidase-treated SRBC at an SRBC to lymphocyte ratio of 20:1 and the resulting rosette-forming cells (late RFC) were sedimented by gradient centrifugation. These T cell subpopulations, early RFC-enriched and late RFC-enriched, were reasonably pure with respect to the ability to bind SRBC and contained less than 0.5% monocytes. Monocyte preparations, which were obtained after vigorous washing of the adherent cell layers on tissue culture dishes, responded to phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P) or concanavalin A (Con A) with negligible incorporation of 3H-thymidine.
There was no significant difference in the responsiveness to PHA-P between early RFC-enriched and late RFC-enriched populations either in the absence or in the presence of graded numbers of additional autologous monocytes. However, the response of early RFC-enriched population to Con A was significantly poor as compared with that of late RFC-enriched one unless additional monocytes were added. In the presence of 20% autologous monocytes in the culture, the Con A-induced response of early RFC-enriched population was markedly enhanced to reach close to that of late RFC-enriched population. These results suggest that early RFC and late RFC might be different from each other in their responsiveness and in their need for monocytes on the stimulation with Con A.
Immune Response to Acute Otitis Media in Children
Authors: Sloyer John L. , Howie Virgil M. , Ploussard John H. , Bradac James , Habercorn Marilynn , Ogra Pearay L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
With the technique of radioimmunodiffusion and indirect FA staining, IgA antibody to measles, mumps, rubella, and polio-1 were determined in serum and middle ear fluid (MEF) of 103 patients with otitis media. The occurrence of IgA viral antibody in MEF and its absence in simultaneously drawn serum was used as an indicator of local antibody production. Of the 401 assays performed, 41 instances of IgA antibody exclusively in MEF were found. Only four of these occurred in specimens from unimmunized patients and were directed against rubella virus. Of the 37 remaining cases, 16 each were directed against measles and polio-1 and four and one, respectively, for mumps and rubella viruses. The mean specific IgA titers were from 8- to 17-fold higher in MEF from immunized individuals than in the unimmunized and persisted for at least 9 to 19 months after immunization. The data thus indicate 1) specific immunologic sensitization of the middle ear mucosa can be achieved by parenteral as well as oral routes of immunization, and 2) specific immunologic memory exists in the middle ear mucosa. These two factors are crucial to feasibility of immunization against acute otitis media.
Immunologic Injury in Measles Virus Infection
Authors: Perrin Luc H. , Tishon Antoinette , Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with chronic measles virus infection (SSPE) or from immune, adult humans (convalescent from acute childhood measles virus infection) are cytotoxic for target cells infected with measles virus as measured by a 51Cr assay. Specific release of 51Cr by immune PBL occurred both with and without human antibodies added to measles virus-infected cultures. Maximal killing in the absence of added antibodies to measles virus was usually detected only after 15 to 18 hr of incubation and with a high PBL to target ratio (100:1). When antibody to measles virus was added, PBL-mediated killing of virus-infected cells was not blocked. Instead, killing was enhanced and maximal lysis occurred with fewer PBL and a shorter incubation time. This cytotoxic reaction was inhibited in a dose-response manner upon the addition of Fab fragments of IgG containing antibodies to measles virus. On the average 4 to 5 × 105 antibody molecules bound per infected target cell before initiation of antibody-enhanced PBL killing.
Depletion of either glass-adhering or E-rosette-forming cells did not reduce PBL killing of measles virus-infected target cells in either system. In contrast, removal of non-E rosette or of EAC rosette-forming population of PBL almost completely abrogated cytotoxicity. When Fc-bearing cells were removed, killing of virus-infected target cells was concomitantly reduced. Lysis of measles virus-infected target cells did not require histocompatibility between the PBL and the target cell. Further, immunospecific lymphocyte killing was not enhanced by such a histocompatibility fit. These experiments indicate first, that the effector PBL involved in lysis of measles virus-infected targets are not T cells but are probably K cells and, second, that PBL obtained from patients with SSPE are competent in killing measles virus-infected targets. Moreover, sera from SSPE patients did not contain a factor(s) that blocked PBL-mediated cytotoxicity.
Host Cell Modification of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus Altering Viral Inactivation by Human Complement
Authors: Welsh Raymond M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Complement in human serum inactivated several enveloped viruses, but for some viruses the degree of inactivation depended on their passage history. In short, human serum detected cell-induced modifications of virions. Normal human serum, lacking detectable neutralizing antibodies to the virions, inactivated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) when the viruses were passed through some cell lines but not others. Host cell modification was further documented with LCMV since antibody to the cell (in conjunction with a complement source) inactivated virus produced by that cell. The mechanism by which human serum inactivated LCMV passed through L cells was determined. By using serum immunochemically depleted in the classical complement pathway component C4 and/or the alternative complement pathway component factor B, as well as other methods, it was shown that LCMV was inactivated via the classical complement pathway. Absorption and immune precipitation experiments indicated that the inactivation of LCMV by complement was mediated by natural antibody directed against the host (L-929) cell. NDV grown in chick embryo cells could be inactivated by either complement pathway in the absence of the other. A requirement for antibody could not be demonstrated in the NDV system. On the basis of these data it is proposed that alterations in virulence dependent upon passage of the virus in cells or animals may be partially explained by changes in virus sensitivity to human serum inactivation.
Activation of the Classical and Properdin Pathways of Complement by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Authors: Morrison David C. , Kline Lois F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been demonstrated to activate both the classical and the properdin pathways of complement. The lipid A region of the LPS is responsible for classical pathway activation and the polysaccharide region responsible for properdin pathway activation. Classical pathway activation by lipid A does not depend upon antibody to the lipid A and properdin pathway activation proceeds by a lipid A-independent mechanism. The polysaccharide portion of the LPS molecule exerts a modifying influence on the potential anticomplementary activity of the lipid A.
Immunization with p30 Enhances the Growth of a Rat Moloney Sarcoma
Authors: Jones Joe M. , Kennel Stephen J. , Feldman Joseph D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
p30, a core polypeptide, and gp 70, an envelope glycoprotein of C-type RNA tumor viruses, are present on the surface membranes of tumors induced by C-type virus. They have also been implicated in the development of host immunologic resistance to tumor growth (1–5). We have immunized rats with homogeneous preparations of p30, gp 70, and intact tumor cells to study their role in the growth and progression of challenge with a rat Moloney sarcoma (MST).3 MST produces Moloney leukemia virus (MuLV) particles in vitro and in vivo (6).
Cultures of rat Moloney sarcoma cells (MST) were prepared from tumors induced by injecting MSV extracted from tumors of BALB/c mice into newborn Brown Norway (BN) rats (6). Cultures of cells were also prepared from a sarcoma induced by injecting newborn BN rats with 3-methylcholanthrene (BC5). BC5 cells were free of virus by electron microscopic and antigenic analyses (see below).
Complement Activation by Interaction of Polyanions and Polycations
Authors: Claus D. R. , Siegel J. , Petras K. , Skor D. , Osmand A. P. , Gewurz H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Interactions between heparin and protamine previously were found to result in activation of the complement (C) system. In the present investigation, this interaction was shown to result in the binding of purified C1̄, and this was markedly enhanced in the presence of C-reactive protein (CRP). CRP also enhanced C consumption during heparin-protamine interactions in whole serum, and in the presence of CRP depletion of C components C1-3 was observed. Similar C1 binding and C consumption in the presence of CRP were seen upon the interaction of multiple additional polyanions including DNA, ENA, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and dextran sulfate with the polycations protamine sulfate and poly-L-lysine. These effects were observed with CRP concentrations well within the range found in normal human sera and considerably less than those found in most acute phase sera. We suggest, therefore, C activation by polyanion-polycation interactions in the presence of CRP may be important to certain reactions of host defense and inflammation.
T and B Lymphocyte Migration into Syngeneic Tumors
Authors: Elboim Charles M. , Reinisch Carol L. , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The migration of splenic T and B lymphocytes into syngeneic tumors undergoing immunologic rejection was investigated. Spleen cells were obtained from normal BALC/c mice or BALB/c mice bearing tumors induced by murine sarcoma virus (MSV). Either whole spleen cells or immunoabsorbent purified T and B cells were radiolabeled with sodium chromate-51 and injected i.v. into normal or MSV induced-tumor bearing syngeneic recipients. Twenty-four hours later the recipient mice were sacrificed and radioactivity was assessed for tumor, contralateral normal muscle, the lymph nodes draining the tumor and contralateral draining lymph nodes, peripheral lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.
Both T and B lymphocytes from either normal or MSV tumor-bearing animals show greatly increased migration into the tumor when compared with normal muscle. Migration of T cells from both normal and MSV tumor bearers was 30 times that of migration to normal muscle. B cells from tumor-bearing mice, on the other hand, localized in the tumor itself only 50% as frequently as did B cells from normal animals. In addition, T cells from MSV tumor bearers were found in the highest proportion in the lymph node draining the tumor site.
We conclude that T and B lymphocytes from either normal or tumor-bearing mice migrate to a syngeneic tumor undergoing immunologic rejection. In contrast, the migration of both T and B cells from tumor-bearing animals was decreased to the peripheral lymph nodes at the time of maximum tumor growth.
Relationship of Cellular Proliferation and the Generation of Cytotoxic Cells in an in Vitro Secondary Immune Response to Syngeneic Rat Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Bernstein Irwin D. , Cohen Edith F. , Wright Peter W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of cellular proliferation for the generation of cytotoxic activity in an in vitro secondary immune response to syngeneic lymphoma cells was investigated. Spleen cells from W/Fu rats immunized with the syngeneic (C58NT)D tumor proliferate and generate cytotoxic potential for tumor targets after exposure to mitomycin C-treated (C58NT)D cells in vitro. Elimination of proliferating cells by exposure to high specific activity 3H thymidine at appropriate intervals impaired the generation of cytotoxic activity. Elimination of cells proliferating to either syngeneic lymphoma or BN rat alloantigens allowed the remaining cells to generate cytotoxic potential to the second set of antigens. Elimination of proliferating cells also abrogated the ability of the in vitro generated cells to adoptively confer anti-tumor protection on nonimmune recipients. These results demonstrate that cellular division is required for the generation of cells which are cytotoxic in vitro and can adoptively confer anti-tumor protection in vivo.
Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Patients with Recurrent Herpes Simplex Infections
Authors: O'Reilly Richard J. , Chibbaro Anthony , Anger Edward , Lopez Carlos 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Herpes simplex virus antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) and lymphocyte-derived interferon were studied in normal individuals and patients with recurrent Herpes labialis and Herpes progenitalis. Virus-specific lymphoproliferative responses were regularly detected in patients with recurrent infection irrespective of the clinical stage of infection. In contrast, transient deficiencies in herpes-specific lymphoid production of both LMIF and interferon were regularly documented at the time of and immediately before herpes simplex-induced vesicular eruptions. During convalescence, pronounced production of these mediators in response to antigenic stimulation with inactivated virus antigen preparations was regularly detected. The biology of these fluctuations in lymphokine production is evaluated and discussed.
A Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor and Its Inhibitor Found in DNCB-Induced Skin Inflammatory Lesions
Authors: Baba Toru , Tazaki Kayoko , Sonozaki Hidekichi , Torisu Motomichi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Neutrophil chemotactic factor(s) and their inhibitors were explored in the acute inflammatory skin lesions induced by the application of 4% DNCB solution with acetone in guinea pigs. Skin biopsies were taken periodically and tissue extracts were made from the biopsy specimens. Neutrophil chemotactic activity found in such extracts reached a peak at 12 to 24 hr after the induction of the inflammation, when the lesions were found to be infiltrated predominantly with neutrophils. After 24 hr, the activity gradually diminished. Physicochemical and antigenic characterization studies on the chemotactic substance indicated that the material was most likely the cleavage product of C3.
On the other hand, inhibitors against the neutrophil chemotactic factor were found in the tissue extracts which were obtained from the lesions at a later stage (48 to 96 hr after the induction of the inflammatory reaction). These inhibitors blocked not only the complement-derived chemotactic activity but also that obtained from bacterial culture filtrates. They were heat labile and showed striking heterogeneity in size on Sephadex gel filtration.
Characterization of Molecular Heterogeneity and Multispecificity in Homologous Idiotypic Antisera
Authors: Perlmutter Roger M. , Davie Joseph M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The molecular heterogeneity of homologous anti-idiotypic reagents was characterized by a novel isoelectric focusing procedure. Idiotypic antisera directed against the PC-binding plasmacytoma protein T15 were raised in CE and A/J mice. These antisera were shown to be highly specific by hemagglutination with myeloma protein-derivatized sheep erythrocytes and by radioimmunoassay. Competition experiments performed with affinity-labeled T15 revealed that about 40% of the pooled CE antibody activity was directed against binding site-associated determinants. Further analysis of anti-idiotypic sera from individual animals with the use of isoelectric focusing disclosed heterogeneous populations of antibody molecules distinguishable by isoelectric point and by subspecificity. Each animal expressed a unique spectrotypic profile. In addition, clones reactive with binding site and non-binding-site determinants as well as some clones with specificity for other PC-binding mouse myeloma proteins were detected. These results emphasize the importance of careful selection and thorough absorption of idiotypic antisera.