bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaeology of animate ancestors and entanglement at Mayarnjarn in the Wellington Range region, Northern Territory
Authors: Wright Duncan , Nejman Ladislav , Skitmore Steve , Brennan Wayne , Parkes Rebecca , Lamilami Ronald , Taçon Paul S. C. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThe Wellington Range region, in far Northern Australia, provides a remarkable record of cultural encounter. Cathedral‐sized rock art galleries include contact imagery referencing Macassan and European visitors while lithic artefact assemblages echo social mobility between Indigenous groups occurring from at least the mid Holocene period. In this paper, we continue the trajectory of archaeological research in this region by examining community entanglement over the longue durée, focusing on the Mayarnjarn rock‐shelter complex. Specifically, and following advice from traditional custodians, the authors complement archaeological excavation results with reflections on interactions between Traditional Mawng speaking Owners and archaeologists occurring during the 2016 and 2018 field seasons. This paper provides a cultural chronology built around both OSL and radiocarbon dates, a first for the region, indicating site activities dating from the terminal Pleistocene. An increase in exotic artefacts and presence of paintings belonging to a pan‐Arnhem land rock art tradition suggests widening social networks during the Holocene. Insight into the nuanced nature of interactions, also the role of animate objects as relationship referents, emerge through ethnography and experience as the field season unfolds.
Prediagnostic Glycoprotein Acetyl Levels and Incident and Recurrent Flare Risk Accounting for Serum Urate Levels: A Population‐Based, Prospective Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Joshi Amit D. , McCormick Natalie , Yokose Chio , Yu Bing , Tin Adrienne , Terkeltaub Robert , Merriman Tony R. , Eliassen A. Heather , Curhan Gary C. , Raffield Laura M. , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo prospectively investigate population‐based metabolomics for incident gout and reproduce the findings for recurrent flares, accounting for serum urate.MethodsWe conducted a prediagnostic metabolome‐wide analysis among 105,615 UK Biobank participants with nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic profiling data (168 total metabolites) from baseline blood samples collected 2006–2010 in those without history of gout. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident gout, adjusted for gout risk factors, excluding and including serum urate levels, overall and according to fasting duration before sample collection. Potential causal effects were tested with 2‐sample Mendelian randomization. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RRs) for the association with recurrent flares among incident gout cases.ResultsCorrecting for multiple testing, 88 metabolites were associated with risk of incident gout (N = 1,303 cases) before serum urate adjustment, including glutamine and glycine (inversely), and lipids, branched‐chain amino acids, and most prominently, glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA; P = 9.17 × 10−32). Only GlycA remained associated with incident gout following urate adjustment (HR 1.52 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.22–1.88] between extreme quintiles); the HR increased progressively with fasting duration before sample collection, reaching 4.01 (95% CI 1.36–11.82) for ≥8 hours of fasting. Corresponding HRs per SD change in GlycA levels were 1.10 (95% CI 1.04–1.17) overall and 1.54 (95% CI 1.21–1.96) for ≥8 hours of fasting. GlycA levels were also associated with recurrent gout flares among incident gout cases (RR 1.90 [95% CI 1.27–2.85] between extreme quintiles) with larger associations with fasting. Mendelian randomization corroborated a potential causal role for GlycA on gout risk.ConclusionThis prospective, population‐based study implicates GlycA, a stable long‐term biomarker reflecting neutrophil overactivity, in incident and recurrent gout flares (central manifestation from neutrophilic synovitis) beyond serum urate.
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Reliability inference with extended sequential order statistics
Authors: Pesch Tim , Polpo Adriano , Cripps Edward , Cramer Erhard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article, we will address the complexity of non‐identical components in multi‐component systems. Most technical systems can be described as such since either component types or component functions within the system vary amongst components. While most reliability related work resorts to the assumption of homogeneous components, we aim to address the often more realistic assumption of heterogeneous components extending the model of Extended Sequential Order Statistics by two inferential methods. Firstly, the derivation of Maximum Likelihood Estimates including a simulation study demonstrating their good performance for large enough sample size. Secondly, we introduce a likelihood ratio test to test whether components can be assumed identical accompanied by a power study. Both methods are powerful tools in reliability contexts. The former increases our understanding of component behaviour, especially upon failure of other components. This knowledge empowers system operators to make better decisions regarding maintenance schedules and failure time prediction. The latter supports operators in their quest of identifying component equivalence. Therefore, both methods can be used to achieve meaningful results in real life applications.
Hypothesis: Drainage of the peripheral tissue edema by the hyperbaric oxygen therapy because of hyperoxygenation that constricts arterioles and alters the downstream capillary fluid traffic in affected tissues
Authors: Kurbel Sven , Ćurković Vid , Kovačić Borna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy still lacks proper interpretations of its many actions. This hypothesis is based on reports of temporarily elevated peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) during HBO sessions. Besides that, during HBO sessions, hyperoxygenated tissues can reduce their perfusion so much that CO2 can accumulate in them. Tissue perfusion depends on vascular innervation and on the balance between systemic constrictors and local dilators. During an HBO session, increased tissue oxygen levels suppress dilatory mechanisms. Tissue hyperoxygenation increases PVR, suggesting that the HBO action on an edematous tissue may be caused by an oxygen‐induced disbalance among Starling capillary forces. The presented hypothesis is that oxygen‐caused arteriolar constriction reduces the hydrostatic pressure in downstream capillaries. Thus, more tissue fluid is absorbed in vascular capillaries, under the condition that the plasma colloid osmotic pressure remains unaltered during the HBO session. Among several known mechanisms behind the HBO actions, the vasoconstriction has been listed as a therapeutic modality for the reduction of the tissue edema, for a crush injury, for burns (in an acute phase), and for the compartment syndrome. The Bell's palsy is among often listed indications for the HBO treatment, although evidence is poor and reports of randomized trials are scarce.
Recovery process of vertical perception and activities of daily living in stroke patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sawa Kota , Amimoto Kazu , Ishigami Keisuke , Miyamoto Takuya , Ishii Chika , Suzuki Rikuya , Tamura Miko , Morizane Akira , Komatsu Chikashi , Miyagami Mitsusuke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionClarifications regarding the recovery process of the subjective postural vertical (SPV) and activities of daily living in stroke patients are required to help clinicians determine treatment plans. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of the longitudinal recovery process of SPV and activities of daily living after stroke.MethodsOverall, 109 patients with stroke were enrolled. Clinical assessments included the SPV and total functional independence measure (FIM), initially and after 1 month. The mean and standard deviation of SPV indicated the directional and variability errors, respectively. Participants were categorized as follows: nondeviation group comprised directional and variability errors within the standard values, deviation of variability errors group comprised directional errors within the standard value and variability errors greater than the standard value, and deviation of both directional and variability errors group comprised directional and variability errors greater than the standard values. In addition, a two‐way analysis of variance was performed for initial pre‐ and post‐SPV, and pre‐ and posttotal FIM scores (p < .05).ResultsThe deviation of variability errors group, and deviation of both directional and variability errors group, had larger SPV variability errors than did the nondeviation group. Furthermore, the deviation of variability errors group showed a significant improvement in variability errors after 1 month. There was a correlation between the initial SPV with eyes opened variability error and total FIM after 1 month in Pusher patients with unilateral spatial neglect in the deviation of both directional and variability errors group.ConclusionsSPV with eyes opened variability errors and initial FIM score may influence the independence of activities of daily living after 1 month in the recovery of patients with stroke with Pusher and unilateral spatial neglect.
Hofmeister Series: From Aqueous Solution of Biomolecules to Single Cells and Nanovesicles
Authors: He Xiulan , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHofmeister effects play a critical role in numerous physicochemical and biological phenomena, including the solubility and/or accumulation of proteins, the activities of enzymes, ion transport in biochannels, the structure of lipid bilayers, and the dynamics of vesicle opening and exocytosis. This minireview focuses on how ionic specificity affects the physicochemical properties of biomolecules to regulate cellular exocytosis, vesicular content, and nanovesicle opening. We summarize recent progress in further understanding Hofmeister effects on biomacromolecules and their applications in biological systems. These important steps have increased our understanding of the Hofmeister effects on cellular exocytosis, vesicular content, and nanovesicle opening. Increasing evidence is firmly establishing that the ions along the Hofmeister series play an important role in living organisms that has often been ignored.
Phase Separation in cGAS‐STING Signaling: Cytosolic DNA Sensing and Regulatory Functions
Authors: Liu Caixia , Yang Jingyi , Zheng Jiaxin , Fu Jianmian , Wang Weisi , Duan Liping , Qian Xuhong , Yang Yangyang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhase separation is a crucial biophysical process that governs cellular signaling and function. This process allows biomolecules to separate and form membraneless compartments in response to both extra‐ and intra‐cellular stimuli. Recently, the identification of phase separation in different immune signaling pathways, including the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway, has shed light on its tight association with pathological processes such as viral infections, cancers, and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we present the phase separation in cGAS‐STING signaling, along with its related cellular regulatory functions. Furthermore, we discuss the introduction of therapeutics targeting cGAS‐STING signaling, which plays a pivotal role in cancer progression.
Three‐Dimensional Nickel Cobalt Phosphide Nanocrosses with Well‐Defined Axial Arms for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Su Keying , Yu Zehan , Li Mengmeng , Yang Shan , Liang Yujia , Tang Yawen , Qiu Xiaoyu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConcave nanostructure with highly branched architecture and abundant step atoms is one kind of desirable materials for energy conversion devices. However, current synthetic strategies for non‐noble metal‐based NiCoP concave nanostructure still remain challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a site‐selective chemical etching and subsequent phosphorating strategy to fabricate highly branched NiCoP concave nanocrosses (HB‐NiCoP CNCs). The HB‐NiCoP CNCs are consisted of six axial arms in three‐dimensional space and each protruding arm is equipped with high‐density atomic steps, ledges and kinks. As an electrocatalyst towards oxygen evolution reaction, the HB‐NiCoP CNCs exhibit remarkably enhanced activity and stability, with small overpotential of 289 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2, surpassing the NiCoP nanocages and commercial RuO2. The superior OER performance of HB‐NiCoP CNCs is originated from the highly branched concave structure, the synergistic effect between bimetal Ni and Co atoms, as well as the electronic structure modulation from P.
Reactivity of a Strictly T‐Shaped Phosphine Ligated by an Acridane Derived NNN Pincer Ligand
Authors: King Aaron J. , Abbenseth Josh , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe steric tuning of a tridentate acridane‐derived NNN pincer ligand allows for the isolation of a strictly T‐shaped phosphine that exhibits ambiphilic reactivity. Well‐defined phosphorus‐centered reactivity towards nucleophiles and electrophiles is reported, contrasting with prior reports on this class of compounds. Reactions towards oxidants are also described. The latter result in the two‐electron oxidation of the phosphorus atom from +III to +V and are accompanied by a strong geometric distortion of the NNN pincer ligand. By contrast, cooperative activation of E−H (HCl, HBcat, HOMe) bonds proceeds with retention of the phosphorus redox state. When using H2O as a substrate, the reaction results in the full disassembly of H2O to its constituent atoms, highlighting the potential of this platform for small molecule activation reactions.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Alkenes with Acylhydrosilanes
Authors: Lind Florian , Studer Armido 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcylsilanes are an important class of organosilicon compounds that have gained increased attention recently. Their various reaction modes in particularly their ability to generate carbenes under thermal or photochemical conditions render them valuable reagents in organic synthesis. In this communication, an unprecedented route towards acylsilanes is reported by introducing the acylsilane moiety directly in a single step through alkene hydrosilylation. In this context, acylhydrosilanes representing a novel class of acylsilanes are introduced and applied as silylation reagents in rhodium catalyzed alkene hydrosilylations to access a great variety of acylsilanes. These reactions occur in good to excellent yields under mild conditions and show high functional group tolerance and atom economy.
MHD Effect on the Thermocapillary Silicon Melt Flow in Various Annular Enclosures
Authors: Mahfoud Brahim , Azzoug Mohammed Oubelkacem 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTo simulate thermocapillary magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection in different shallow annular enclosures filled with silicon melt, a 3D numerical approach using an implicit finite volume formulation is used. Radiation is emitted upward from the annular enclosure's free top surface, the bottom one heated vertically and is subjected to an external magnetic field. The steady and unsteady thermocapillary MHD flow in four annular enclosures (R = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8) field is studied. The effects of varying the annular gaps, R, on the hydrothermal wave number and azimuthal pattern are obtained. The effects of the magnetic field on azimuthal velocity, temperature disturbances, and the transition from oscillatory to steady flow are also depicted. The results reveal that: hydrothermal waves m = 4, m = 6 and m = 8 are observed in steady flow for R = 0.7, R = 0.6 and R = 0.5, respectively. Oscillatory flows dominated by a hydrothermal wave m = 3 are found also when R = 0.8. The azimuthal velocity and temperature fluctuations at the free surface decrease as the magnitude of the magnetic field (Ha) increases, and the oscillatory flow would turn steady when Ha exceeds a critical value.
Ti3C2‐modified g‐C3N4/MoSe2S‐Scheme Heterojunction with Full‐Spectrum Response for CO2Photoreduction to CO and CH4
Authors: Chen Xin , Pan Wei‐guo , Hong Long‐fei , Hu Xing , Wang Juan , Bi Zhe‐xu , Guo Rui‐tang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnergy shortage and global warming caused by the extensive use of fossil fuels are urgent problems to be solved at present. Photoreduction of CO2is considered to be a feasible solution. The ternary composite catalyst g‐C3N4/Ti3C2/MoSe2was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and its physical and chemical properties were studied by an array of characterization and tests. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of this series of catalysts under full spectrum irradiation was also tested. It is found that the CTM‐5 sample has the best photocatalytic activity, and the yields of CO and CH4are 29.87 and 17.94 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively. This can be ascribed to the favorable optical absorption performance of the composite catalyst in the full spectrum and the establishment of S‐scheme charge transfer channel. The formation of heterojunctions can effectively promote charge transfer. The addition of Ti3C2materials provides plentiful active sites for CO2reaction, and its superior electrical conductivity is also favorable for the migration of photogenerated electrons.
Significance of FNAC, BRAF mutation, and intraoperative frozen section in surgical decision‐making of thyroid nodules
Authors: Zhu Zhaohui , Su Chang , Chen Guang , Wan Fang , Jin Meishan , Duan Xiumei , Wang Yongxiang , Wang Guimin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundA preoperative method is desired to discriminate benign from malignant thyroid nodules. This retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic performance of BRAF (B‐Raf proto‐oncogene) mutation (BRAFV600E) positivity and fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) relative to intraoperative frozen section pathology.MethodsPatients underwent preoperative FNAC of thyroid nodules. Cytology specimens were classified according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC), and analyzed for BRAFV600E using an amplification‐refractory mutation system (ARMS). Thyroid tissue was surgically removed and frozen sections processed for histology. The sensitivities and specificities of each analysis were compared, alone and in combination.ResultsAmong 346 patients, 333/358 FNACs (93%) showed malignant nodules; 322 (93%) patients received a pathological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The sensitivity and specificity of BSRTC VI for malignancy was the highest among the BSRTC categories. Compared with FNAC, the BRAFV600E analysis had significantly higher sensitivity and specificity. The diagnostic efficacy of frozen section pathology was significantly higher than that of either BSRTC category or BRAFV600E analysis alone. Combining methods variably improved diagnostic performance. BRAFV600E was not associated with capsule infiltration, neurovascular infiltration, mono‐ or multifocal PTC, lymph node metastasis, or clinical stage.ConclusionThe diagnostic performance of preoperative BRAFV600E determination was better than that of the BSRTC‐FNAC category; combining both improved sensitivity and specificity. Patients with positive malignancy scores from both should be recommended for surgery; those with negative scores require close monitoring. Surgical treatment should include comprehensive intraoperative frozen section assessment. BRAF mutations cannot indicate aggressive treatment.
Diagnostic significance of GATA 3, TTF‐1, PTH, chromogranin expressions in parathyroid fine needle aspirations via immuonocytochemical method
Authors: Erdogan‐Durmus Senay , Ramazanoglu Sultan Rana , Barut Hamit Yucel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdditional studies may be needed when evaluating parathyroid fine needle aspirates (FNA) due to cytomorphologic similarities. The liquid‐based cytology (LBC) is an effective cytology method which provides additional slides for ancillary techniques. We aimed to examine the immunocytochemical (ICC) GATA 3, TTF‐1, which chromogranin and PTH expressions and to determine their diagnostic importance in parathyroid FNAs which were prepared via LBC technique.MethodsIn total, 45 parathyroid FNA cases were examined in our laboratory for 12‐month period. Thirty five cases without cell blocks were included in the study. Ten cases were excluded from study (five cases were nondiagnostic, five cases had cell blocks). For main LBC cytology slides SurePath pap test kit was used. For ICC study 4 PAP‐stained LBC slides were obtained from each case's residual material. The slides were then stained with GATA 3, TTF‐1, PTH and chromogranin.ResultsOf 35 cases, 8 were male and 27 were female. The mean age of the cases was 52.25 ± 11.44 (range 27–72). The mean diameter of the lesions was 18.54 ± 7.66 mm (range 6–32 mm).The most used antibody was TTF‐1 (in all 35 cases). The positivity rates were 84.8%, 83.9% and 81.8% for GATA 3, PTH and chromogranin, respectively. TTF‐1 was completely negative in 100% of cases. All patients had high PTH washout values (29 patients, PTH washout value was >5000 pg/mL). In 30 cases, histopathologic follow‐up was available. The cyto‐histological correlation was 100%. Based on the PTH washout values for cases without resection, the diagnostic accuracy of FNA was determined as 100% in detecting the parathyroid origin. Among the antibodies, the most specific and sensitive antibody was TTF‐1 (100%). The sensitivity values of the antibodies indicating parathyroid origin for GATA3, PTH and chromogranin were 86.67%, 83.33% and 81.82%, respectively.ConclusionThe addition of ICC studies applied to LBC slides is also very helpful in diagnosis, especially in FNAs with limited material such as parathyroid. GATA3 is a more reliable ICC marker determining parathyroid origin. In differentiation from thyroid origin, the addition of TTF‐1 to the ICC panel increases the diagnostic accuracy to 96.67%. Although PTH and chromogranin have lower sensitivity, they are still reliable markers to detect parathyroid origin.
Postweaning cafeteria diet induces a short‐term metabolic disfunction and a differential vulnerability to develop anxiety‐like and depressive‐like behaviors in male but not female rats
Authors: Mota‐Ramírez Luz D. , Escobar Carolina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChildren and adolescents are high consumers of Western diets (rich in fat and sugars), which is a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Moreover, the presence of anxiety and depression among this population has increased significantly. This study explores in young postweaning rats the association between Western diet consumption and the development of metabolic and behavioral disturbances. At postnatal day (PN) 24, Wistar rats of both sexes were weaned and assigned to a control or cafeteria diet (CAF) group. After short‐term exposure, a group of rats was euthanized at PN31 to obtain abdominal fat pads and blood samples. Another group of rats was tested in the open‐field test, splash test, anhedonia test, and social play across 11 days (PN32–42). The CAF groups exhibited a significantly high level of body fat, serum glucose, triglycerides, leptin, and HOMA index when compared to the control groups. Only CAF males exhibited anxiety‐like and depression‐like behavior. Present results indicate that postweaning short‐term exposure to a CAF diet has immediate detrimental effects on metabolism in both sexes. However, only CAF males showed mood disturbances. This study provides evidence that a CAF diet exerts immediate effects on behavior and metabolism in the postweaning period and that sexes present differential vulnerability.