bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social isolation, loneliness, and their correlates in older Japanese adults
Authors: Kino Shiho , Stickley Andrew , Arakawa Yuki , Saito Masashige , Saito Tami , Kondo Naoki 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundLoneliness and social isolation are elevated in older adults and associated with a range of detrimental outcomes. Despite this, there has been little research on these phenomena or on similarities and differences in their occurrence or combination in older Japanese adults. The current study aims to (i) determine what factors are associated with social isolation and loneliness among older adults in Japan; and (ii) describe the characteristics of individuals who are socially isolated but not lonely, as well as those who feel lonely but are not socially isolated.MethodsData were analysed from 13 766 adults aged ≥65 years who participated in the 2019 wave of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine associations.ResultsAmong older Japanese adults, the attributes of higher age, male gender, lower socioeconomic status, being a welfare recipient, and having depressive symptoms were associated with social isolation, while lower socioeconomic status, unemployment, welfare receipt, and poor physical and mental health were associated with loneliness. In addition, better educated, and mentally and physically healthy people were less likely to feel lonely even when socially isolated, while people who were not working and who had mental or physical health problems were more likely to feel lonely even if they were not socially isolated.DiscussionOur results indicate that in order to reduce unwanted social isolation and loneliness among older Japanese adults, in the first instance the focus should be on those individuals who are socioeconomically disadvantaged and unhealthy.
How to start a LINE: 5′ switching rejuvenates LINE retrotransposons in tobacco and related Nicotiana species
Authors: Hartig Nora , Seibt Kathrin M. , Heitkam Tony 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYBy contrast to their conserved mammalian counterparts, plant long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) are highly variable, splitting into many low‐copy families. Curiously, LINE families from the retrotransposable element (RTE) clade retain a stronger sequence conservation and hence reach higher copy numbers. The cause of this RTE‐typical property is not yet understood, but would help clarify why some transposable elements are removed quickly, whereas others persist in plant genomes. Here, we bring forward a detailed study of RTE LINE structure, diversity and evolution in plants. For this, we argue that the nightshade family is the ideal taxon to follow the evolutionary trajectories of RTE LINEs, given their high abundance, recent activity and partnership to non‐autonomous elements. Using bioinformatic, cytogenetic and molecular approaches, we detect 4029 full‐length RTE LINEs across the Solanaceae. We finely characterize and manually curate a core group of 458 full‐length LINEs in allotetraploid tobacco, show an integration event after polyploidization and trace hybridization by RTE LINE composition of parental genomes. Finally, we reveal the role of the untranslated regions (UTRs) as causes for the unique RTE LINE amplification and evolution pattern in plants. On the one hand, we detected a highly conserved motif at the 3′ UTR, suggesting strong selective constraints acting on the RTE terminus. On the other hand, we observed successive rounds of 5′ UTR cycling, constantly rejuvenating the promoter sequences. This interplay between exchangeable promoters and conserved LINE bodies and 3′ UTR likely allows RTE LINEs to persist and thrive in plant genomes.
Self-Expectations, Socially Prescribed Expectations, and Wellness in 14- to 15-Year-Old Athletes, Ballet, and Music Students in Norwegian Talent Schools—An Interview Study
Authors: Stornæs Annett Victoria , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Pettersen Gunn , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Nordin-Bates Sanna M. 
Published: March 2023

Talent-school settings may generate stress via demanding expectations. To investigate students representing Norway’s growing phenomenon of early adolescent talent schools, we interviewed twenty-seven 14- to15-year-old boys and girls about their experiences with self- and socially imposed expectations. Students were recruited from two sports schools (n = 14) and one school each with talent classes for ballet (n = 7) and music (n = 6). Using reflexive thematic analysis, we found four main themes representing the performers’ accounts of (a) self-oriented expectations of persistent hard work, evoking self-doubts, and never-give-up attitudes; (b) coaches’/teachers’ socially prescribed expectations, stimulating hard work, and pursuit of approval and opportunities; (c) parental expectations, reflected as helpful support, concerns of letting parents down, and negotiating independence; and (d) struggles with balancing expectations, reflected by demanding workloads, difficulties with prioritizing recovery, and ill-being. Early interventions targeting unhealthy self- and socially imposed expectations in high-expectation settings may be required to safeguard youth performers’ healthy development.
Proteasome Interactome and Its Role in the Mechanisms of Brain Plasticity
Authors: Buneeva Olga A. , Kopylov Arthur T. , Medvedev Alexei E. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Proteasomes are highly conserved multienzyme complexes responsible for proteolytic degradation of the short-lived, regulatory, misfolded, and damaged proteins. They play an important role in the processes of brain plasticity, and decrease in their function is accompanied by the development of neurodegenerative pathology. Studies performed in different laboratories both on cultured mammalian and human cells and on preparations of the rat and rabbit brain cortex revealed a large number of proteasome-associated proteins. Since the identified proteins belong to certain metabolic pathways, multiple enrichment of the proteasome fraction with these proteins indicates their important role in proteasome functioning. Extrapolation of the experimental data, obtained on various biological objects, to the human brain suggests that the proteasome-associated proteins account for at least 28% of the human brain proteome. The proteasome interactome of the brain contains a large number of proteins involved in the assembly of these supramolecular complexes, regulation of their functioning, and intracellular localization, which could be changed under different conditions (for example, during oxidative stress) or in different phases of the cell cycle. In the context of molecular functions of the Gene Ontology (GO) Pathways, the proteins of the proteasome interactome mediate cross-talk between components of more than 30 metabolic pathways annotated in terms of GO. The main result of these interactions is binding of adenine and guanine nucleotides, crucial for realization of the nucleotide-dependent functions of the 26S and 20S proteasomes. Since the development of neurodegenerative pathology is often associated with regioselective decrease in the functional activity of proteasomes, a positive therapeutic effect would be obviously provided by the factors increasing proteasomal activity. In any case, pharmacological regulation of the brain proteasomes seems to be realized through the changes in composition and/or activity of the proteins associated with proteasomes (deubiquitinase, PKA, CaMKIIα, etc.).
Genetic Architecture of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Shadrina Maria I. , Slominsky Petr A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Year 2022 marks 25 years since the first mutation in familial autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease was identified. Over the years, our understanding of the role of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of familial and idiopathic forms of Parkinson’s disease has expanded significantly – a number of genes for the familial form of the disease have been identified, and DNA markers for an increased risk of developing its sporadic form have been found. But, despite all the success achieved, we are far from an accurate assessment of the contribution of genetic and, even more so, epigenetic factors to the disease development. The review summarizes the information accumulated to date on the genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease and formulates issues that need to be addressed, which are primarily related to the assessment of epigenetic factors in the disease pathogenesis.
tert-Butyl Ethers of Renewable Diols as Oxygenated Additives for Motor Gasoline. Part I: Glycerol and Propylene Glycol Ethers
Authors: Samoilov V. O. , Stolonogova T. I. , Ramazanov D. N. , Tyurina E. V. , Lavrent’ev V. A. , Porukova Yu. I. , Chernysheva E. A. , Kapustin V. M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The study investigates tert-butoxy alkanols (otherwise defined as polyol tert-butyl ethers) that have vicinal tert-butoxy and hydroxy groups in their molecules from the perspective of their usability as oxygenated additives for motor gasoline. A series of propylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether (PTBE) and glycerol di-tert-butyl ether (di-GTBE) samples were prepared: PTBE by direct acid-catalytic alkylation of diols with tert-butanol, and di-GTBE by alkylation of epichlorohydrin. Adding PTBE and di-GTBE to base motor gasoline was found to improve its antiknock performance: the average blending research octane number to blending motor octane number ratios (bRON/bMON) equaled 120/111 and 124/104 for PTBE and di-GTBE, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the ether additives on the properties of ethanol-blended base gasoline were characterized. Finally, the study describes the effect of polyol tert-butyl ether additives on the cloud point depression of ethanol-blended gasoline (low-temperature phase stabilization) and demonstrates a positive synergistic effect of adding the ethers mixed with ethanol.
Beta-blocker effect on ST-segment: a prespecified analysis of the EARLY-BAMI randomised trial
Authors: Fabris Enrico , Hermanides Renicus , Roolvink Vincent , Ibanez Borja , Ottervanger Jan Paul , Pizarro Gonzalo , van Royen Niels , Mateos-Rodriguez Alonso , Dambrink Jan Henk , Albarran Agustin , Fernández-Avilés Francisco , Botas Javier , Remkes Wouter , Hernandez-Jaras Victoria , Kedhi Elvin , Zamorano Jose , Alfonso Fernando , García-Lledó Alberto , van Leeuwen Maarten , Nijveldt Robin , Postma Sonja , Kolkman Evelien , Gosselink Marcel , de Smet Bart , Rasoul Saman , Lipsic Erik , Piek Jan J , Fuster Valentin , van 't Hof Arnoud WJ 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe effect of early intravenous (IV) beta-blockers (BBs) administration in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) on ST-segment deviation is unknown. We undertook a prespecified secondary analysis of the Early Beta-blocker Administration before primary PCI in patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (EARLY-BAMI) trial to investigate the effect of early IV BB on ST-segment deviation.MethodsThe EARLY-BAMI trial randomised patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to IV metoprolol (2×5 mg bolus) or matched placebo before pPCI. The prespecified outcome, evaluated by an independent core laboratory blinded to study treatment, was the residual ST-segment deviation 1 hour after pPCI (ie, the percentage of patients with >3 mm cumulative ST deviation at 1 hour after pPCI).ResultsAn ECG for the evaluation of residual ST-segment deviation 1 hour after pPCI was available in 442 out of 683 randomised patients. The BB group had a lower heart rate after pPCI compared with placebo (71.2±13.2 vs 74.3±13.6, p=0.016); however, no differences were noted in the percentages of patients with >3 mm cumulative ST deviation at 1 hour after pPCI (58.6% vs 54.1%, p=0.38, in BB vs placebo, respectively) neither a significant difference was found for the percentages of patients in each of the four prespecified groups (normalised ST-segment; 1–3 mm; 4–6 mm;>6 mm residual ST-deviation).ConclusionsIn patients with STEMI, who were being transported for primary PCI, early IV BB administration did not significantly affect ST-segment deviation after pPCI compared with placebo. The neutral result of early IV BB administration on an early marker of pharmacological effect is consistent with the absence of subsequent improvement of clinical outcomes.
Predictive value of serum calprotectin (S100A8/A9) for clinical response after starting or tapering anti-TNF treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tweehuysen Lieke , den Broeder Nathan , van Herwaarden Noortje , Joosten Leo A B , van Lent Peter L , Vogl Thomas , van den Hoogen Frank H J , Thurlings Rogier M , den Broeder Alfons A 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesCalprotectin (S100A8/A9) has been correlated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of serum calprotectin for clinical response after starting and tapering anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment in RA.MethodsSerum samples and clinical outcomes were derived from two longitudinal RA studies.At baseline (starting or tapering of adalimumab or etanercept), calprotectin levels were determined by ELISA. In the Biologic Individual Optimised Treatment Outcome Prediction (BIO-TOP) study, treatment effect was assessed after 6 months using the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. In the Dose Reduction Strategies of Subcutaneous TNF Inhibitors (DRESS) study, patients were classified at 18 months as being successfully dose reduced, discontinued or not able to reduce the dose. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were generated to evaluate the predictive value of calprotectin and logistic prediction models were created to assess its added value.ResultsIn the BIO-TOP study, calprotectin levels were higher in responders (n=50: 985 ng/mL (p25–p75: 558–1417)) compared with non-responders (n=75: 645 ng/mL (p25–p75: 415–973), p=0.04).AUC for predicting EULAR good response was 0.61 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.71). The prediction model with calprotectin (AUC 0.77, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.85) performed similarly to the baseline model (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.82, p=0.29). In the DRESS study, calprotectin levels were similar between the three groups (n=47; n=19; n=36) and calprotectin was not predictive for clinical response after tapering.ConclusionsSerum calprotectin has some predictive value for clinical response after starting anti-TNF treatment, although it has no added value to other clinical factors. In patients with low disease activity, serum calprotectin is not predictive for clinical response after tapering anti-TNF treatment.Trial registration numberNTR4647 (BIO-TOP study) and NTR3216 (DRESS study); Pre-results.
‘Pro-tobacco propaganda’: a case study of tobacco industry-sponsored elementary schools in China
Authors: Fang Jennifer , Yang Gonghuan , Wan Xia 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundChina is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco products worldwide. While direct marketing and advertisement of tobacco products is restricted, indirect marketing still exists under the guise of sponsorship and corporate social responsibility (CSR). This case study is focused on tobacco industry-sponsored elementary schools in Chinese rural areas.MethodsField visits were conducted in Yunnan province to interview students, teachers, school principals and parents to understand their perceptions of the tobacco industry and its sponsorship of schools. Interviews with tobacco control activists were conducted in Beijing to discuss national tobacco control efforts targeting tobacco industry sponsorship. Interview data were transcribed and coded, with key themes developed using thematic analysis.ResultsWhile health consequences of smoking are generally known, attitudes towards the tobacco industry and its CSR activities remain positive among the general public. Educators and parents do not perceive any impacts on schoolchildren from exposure to ‘pro-tobacco propaganda’ created by the industry’s CSR activities. Attitudes among tobacco control activists were drastically different, with consensus that CSR activities constitute indirect marketing attempts that should be banned.ConclusionNational tobacco control legislation banning all forms of indirect marketing including CSR is needed in order to protect the health of future generations.
Modified percutaneous tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19
Authors: Sun Beatrice J , Wolff Christopher J , Bechtold Hannah M , Free Dwayne , Lorenzo Javier , Minot Patrick R , Maggio Paul G , Spain David A , Weiser Thomas G , Forrester Joseph D 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPatients hospitalized with COVID-19 are at risk of developing hypoxic respiratory failure and often require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Indication and timing to perform tracheostomy is controversial in patients with COVID-19.MethodsThis was a single-institution retrospective review of tracheostomies performed on patients admitted for COVID-19 between April 8, 2020 and August 1, 2020 using a modified percutaneous tracheostomy technique to minimize hypoxia and aerosolization.ResultsTwelve tracheostomies were performed for COVID-related respiratory failure. Median patient age was 54 years (range: 36–76) and 9 (75%) were male. Median time to tracheostomy was 17 days (range: 10–27), and 5 (42%) patients had failed attempts at extubation prior to tracheostomy. There were no intraprocedural complications, including hypoxia. Post-tracheostomy bleeding was noted in two patients. Eight (67%) patients have been discharged at the time of this study, and there were four patient deaths unrelated to tracheostomy placement. No healthcare worker transmissions resulted from participating in the tracheostomy procedure.ConclusionsA modified percutaneous tracheostomy is feasible and can be safely performed in patients infected with COVID-19.Level of evidenceLevel V, case series.
Faster spectral density calculation using energy moments
Authors: Hartse Jeremy , Roggero Alessandro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurate predictions of inclusive scattering cross sections in the linear response regime require efficient and controllable methods to calculate the spectral density in a strongly-correlated many-body system. In this work we reformulate the recently proposed Gaussian Integral Transform technique in terms of Fourier moments of the system Hamiltonian which can be computed efficiently on a quantum computer. One of the main advantages of this framework is that it allows for an important reduction of the computational cost by exploiting previous knowledge about the energy moments of the spectral density. For a simple model of medium mass nucleus like $$^{40}$$

40

Ca and target energy resolution of 1 MeV we find an expected speed-up of $$\approx 125$$

≈
125

times for the calculation of the giant dipole response and of $$\approx 50$$

≈
50

times for the simulation of quasi-elastic electron scattering at typical momentum transfers.
The non-singular Trautman–Kopczyński big-bang model and a torsional spinor description of dark matter
Authors: Cardoso J. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA view is taken up whereby the non-singular Trautman–Kopczyński big-bang creation of the Universe produced a highly torsional hot state at early stages of the cosmic evolution which particularly brought about the formation of a dark matter cloud. It is thus assumed that the combination of Einstein–Cartan’s theory with the torsionful version of the two-component $$ \varepsilon $$
ε
-formalism of Infeld and van der Waerden supplies a natural local description of dark matter in terms of uncharged spin-one massive fields. In the case of either handedness, the pertinent spinor field equation arises directly from a suitable form of the world Bianchi identity. It appears that each such field equation bears a term that is thought of as carrying part of the information on the mass of the fields. The whole information turns out to be extracted by well prescribed derivatives of certain couplings involving the fields and spinor torsion pieces in such a way that the mass of dark matter is really thought of as arising from the interaction between the fields and spinor torsion.
Holographic entanglement entropy and complexity for D-wave superconductors
Authors: Xu Yuanceng , Shi Yu , Wang Dong , Pan Qiyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing the RT formula and the subregion CV conjecture, we numerically investigate the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) and holographic subregion complexity (HSC) for two holographic d-wave superconducting models with backreactions. We find that the HEE and HSC can probe these two d-wave superconducting phase transitions. The HEE of the superconducting phase is always lower than that of the normal phase. For the HSC, however, it behaves differently and interestingly, which depends on both the strip-width $$L_{x}$$

L
x

and backreaction $$\kappa $$
κ
. More specifically, when the backreaction is larger than a particular critical value, or the strip-width of the boundary subsystem is smaller than a particular critical value, the HSC in the superconducting phase is larger than that in the normal phase, and vice versa.
Weyl invariance, non-compact duality and conformal higher-derivative sigma models
Authors: Grasso Darren T. , Kuzenko Sergei M. , Pinelli Joshua R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe study a system of n Abelian vector fields coupled to $$\frac{1}{2} n(n+1)$$

1
2

n

(
n
+
1
)

complex scalars parametrising the Hermitian symmetric space $${\textsf{Sp}}(2n, {\mathbb {R}})/ {\textsf{U}}(n).$$

Sp
(
2
n
,
R
)
/
U
(
n
)
.

This model is Weyl invariant and possesses the maximal non-compact duality group $${\textsf{Sp}}(2n, {\mathbb {R}}).$$

Sp
(
2
n
,
R
)
.

Although both symmetries are anomalous in the quantum theory, they should be respected by the logarithmic divergent term (the “induced action”) of the effective action obtained by integrating out the vector fields. We compute this induced action and demonstrate its Weyl and $${\textsf{Sp}}(2n, {\mathbb {R}})$$

Sp
(
2
n
,
R
)

invariance. The resulting conformal higher-derivative $$\sigma $$
σ
-model on $${\textsf{Sp}}(2n, {\mathbb {R}})/ {\textsf{U}}(n)$$

Sp
(
2
n
,
R
)
/
U
(
n
)

is generalised to the cases where the fields take their values in (i) an arbitrary Kähler space; and (ii) an arbitrary Riemannian manifold. In both cases, the $$\sigma $$
σ
-model Lagrangian generates a Weyl anomaly satisfying the Wess–Zumino consistency condition.
Holography on the lattice: the string worldsheet perspective
Authors: Bliard Gabriel , Costa Ilaria , Forini Valentina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe review the study, on the lattice, of the Green–Schwarz gauge-fixed string action describing worldsheet fluctuations about the minimal surface holographically dual to the null cusp Wilson loop, useful to evaluate the cusp anomaly of $${\mathcal {N}}=4$$

N
=
4

super Yang–Mills (sYM). We comment on discretization, numerical explorations and challenges for the nonperturbative study of this benchmark model of gauge-fixed worldsheet actions.