bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood usage and wastage at an academic teaching hospital before the initial wave of COVID-19 and during and after its quarantine periods
Authors: Nguyen Amber , Burnett-Greenup Sarah , Riddle Diana , Enderle Janet , Carman Carol , Rajendran Rajkumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Transfusion services aim to maintain sufficient blood inventory to support patients, even with challenges introduced by COVID-19.

Objectives
To review blood usage and wastage before, during, and after COVID-19 surges, and to evaluate effects on inventory.

Methods
In a retrospective review, we evaluated the association between time periods corresponding to the initial wave of COVID-19 (pre–COVID-19, quarantine, and postquarantine) and blood usage/wastage. Data were stratified by period, and χ2 testing was used to examine the association between these time periods and blood usage/wastage.

Results
In the period before COVID-19, the transfusion service used more units, and in the period after quarantine, more units went to waste. Across all time periods, the most-used product was RBCs, and the most wasted product was plasma. A statistically significant association existed between usage (χ2 [6/3209 (0.2%)]) = 24.534; P ≤.001; Cramer V = 0.62), wastage (χ2 [6/775 (0.8%)]) = 21.673; P = .001; Cramer V = 0.118), and time period. The postquarantine period displayed the highest wastage costs ($51,032.35), compared with the pre–COVID-19 period ($29,734.45).

Conclusion
Changes in blood inventory use and waste are significantly associated with the onset and continuation of COVID-19.
Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction to measure heteroplasmic m.3243A&gt;G mitochondrial mutations
Authors: Matsumoto Shinya , Uchiumi Takeshi , Noda Nozomi , Ueyanagi Yasushi , Hotta Taeko , Kang Dongchon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
Different mitochondrial DNA genotypes can coexist in a cell population as well as in a single cell, a condition known as heteroplasmy. Here, we accurately determined the heteroplasmy levels of the m.3243A&gt;G mutation, which is the most frequently identified mutation in patients with mitochondrial diseases, using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR).

Methods
The m.3243A&gt;G heteroplasmy levels in artificial heteroplasmy controls mixed with various proportions of wild-type and mutant plasmids were measured using ddPCR, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and Sanger sequencing. The m.3243A&gt;G heteroplasmy levels in DNA, extracted from the peripheral blood of patients with suspected mitochondrial disease and healthy subjects, were determined using ddPCR.

Results
The accuracy of the ddPCR method was high. The lower limit of detection was 0.1%, which indicated its higher sensitivity compared with other methods. The m.3243A&gt;G heteroplasmy levels in peripheral blood, measured using ddPCR, correlated inversely with age at the time of analysis. The m.3243A&gt;G mutation may be overlooked in the peripheral blood-derived DNA of elderly people, as patients &gt;60 years of age have heteroplasmy levels &lt;10%, which is difficult to detect using methods other than the highly sensitive ddPCR.

Conclusion
ddPCR may be considered an accurate and sensitive method for measuring m.3243 A&gt;G heteroplasmy levels of mitochondrial DNA.
What’s next after carbon accounting? Emissions liability management
Authors: Roston Marc , Seiger Alicia , Heller Thomas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We propose a method to internalize the externality of greenhouse gas emissions built on the foundation of greenhouse gas emissions accounting, whereby firms match long-duration emissions liabilities with duration-matched removal assets. This method drives a simple decision rule: only emit greenhouse gases if the value created exceeds the cost of reversing the emissions. This approach will drive capital allocation to enhance at-risk natural capital, expand investment in technology-based carbon dioxide removals and reductions, rationalize fraught carbon markets and provide auditable and transparent net zero claims and guidance for transition pathways.
How to Detect and Influence Looking Up Answers to Political Knowledge Questions in Web Surveys
Authors: Gummer Tobias , Kunz Tanja , Rettig Tobias , Höhne Jan Karem 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When answering political knowledge questions in web surveys, respondents can look up the correct answer on the Internet. This response behavior artificially inflates political knowledge scores that are supposed to measure fact-based information. In the present study, we address the existing knowledge gaps of previous research regarding looking up answers to political knowledge questions in web surveys. We conducted an experimental study based on the German Internet Panel, a large-scale population survey that uses a probability-based sample. Based on this experiment, we show that instructions help to reduce the number of lookups to knowledge questions in web surveys. We provide further evidence that looking up answers results in more correct answers to knowledge questions and, thus, in inflated political knowledge scores. Finally, our findings illustrate the challenges and benefits of using self-reported or paradata-based lookup measures as well as a combined measure that aims at utilizing both to detect lookups to political knowledge questions in web surveys.
Young women who sell sex in Bangui, Central African Republic: a neglected group highly vulnerable to HIV
Authors: Longo Jean de Dieu , Woromogo Sylvain Honoré , Diemer Henri Saint-Calvaire , Tekpa Gaspard , Nambei Wilfrid Sylvain , Grésenguet Gérard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The objectives of this study were to determine the association between the vulnerability factors linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infection among the young women who sell sex (YWSS) group (15–24 years) and adult sex workers, engaged in consensual sex for money (AFSW).

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among AFSW involved in commercial sex transactions. Prevalence ratios (PR) analysis was carried out using log-binomial regression model.

Results
The prevalence of HIV-1 was 29.4% among YWSS compared to 19.6% among female sex worker (PR = 1.43 [1.07–1.91]). Consistent condoms use last 3 months were very low at 22.3% and 41.2%, respectively (PR = 0.52 [0.37–0.74]), the low education level among YWSS versus AFSW (PR = 0.55 [0.40–0.76]); YWSS having been a victim of sexual violence in the last 12 months (PR = 2.00 [1.52–2.63]), were also more likely to be HIV positive.

Conclusions
The YWSS had a high prevalence of HIV, experienced other socioeconomic vulnerabilities and remain a key population for comprehensive HIV programs. To reach all YWSS, programs need to consider many outreach programs and address the shared determinants of HIV risk.
Synovial and serum B cell signature of autoantibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis vs autoantibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: De Stefano Ludovico , Bugatti Serena , Mazzucchelli Iolanda , Rossi Silvia , Xoxi Blerina , Bozzalla Cassione Emanuele , Luvaro Terenzj , Montecucco Carlomaurizio , Manzo Antonio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Autoantibody-negative RA differs from autoantibody-positive RA in several clinical aspects, possibly underpinned by pathogenetic differences. At present, the role of adaptive immune responses in autoantibody-negative RA remains unclear. Here, we investigated the synovial and serum immunophenotype indicative of B lymphocyte involvement across the spectrum of autoantibody-positive and -negative chronic arthritides.

Methods
Ultrasound-guided synovial biopsies were retrieved from 131 patients: 43 autoantibody-positive RA, 35 autoantibody-negative RA, 25 polyarticular PsA and 28 oligoarticular PsA. Samples were analysed for the degree of histological inflammation, B lymphocyte infiltration and the distribution of different pathotypes (lympho-myeloid, myeloid, pauci-immune). Serum levels of the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 were compared among groups.

Results
Synovitis scores and CD68+ sublining macrophage infiltration were comparable irrespective of clinical diagnosis and disease subtype. In contrast, the degree of B lymphocyte infiltration and the frequency of lympho-myeloid synovitis in autoantibody-negative RA were lower than those of autoantibody-positive RA (mean [s.d.] 1.8 [1] vs 2.4 [0.6], P = 0.03, and 38.2% vs 62.9%, P = 0.07, respectively), and similar to polyarticular PsA. Oligoarticular PsA had the lowest B cell scores. Serum CXCL13 was associated with lympho-myeloid synovitis and followed a similar gradient, with the highest levels in autoantibody-positive RA, intermediate and comparable levels in autoantibody-negative RA and polyarticular PsA, and low levels in oligoarticular PsA.

Conclusions
The synovial and serum immunophenotype indicative of B lymphocyte involvement in autoantibody-negative RA differs from that of autoantibody-positive RA and more closely resembles that observed in polyarticular PsA. The pathobiological stratification of chronic inflammatory arthritides beyond clinical diagnosis may fuel personalized treatment strategies.
Amputation and Immediate Total Ear Reconstruction for a Large Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Samaha Yasmina , Pray Caitlin , Itamura Kyohei , Chaves Natalia , Reinisch John 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
Due to the relative paucity of cases, there are no well-founded protocols for the management of large auricular arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that are based on a significant number of cases. Recommendations in the literature generally separate resection of the malformation from a later reconstruction of the ear to allow for a period of disease-free status to minimize the risk of recurrence. This interval between resection and reconstruction can be cosmetically challenging for working adult patients. As auricular AVMs are often localized to the external ear, amputation is likely curative, and reconstruction should be considered at the time of resection. We present an adult male patient with a markedly enlarged left external ear secondary to a congenital AVM. The AVM was managed by auricular amputation without prior embolization. Immediate ear reconstruction was then performed using a porous polyethylene implant covered with an ipsilateral temporoparietal fascia flap. The flap was supplied by the superficial temporal artery. After 3 years, the patient has a cosmetically acceptable ear, with no signs of recurrence of the vascular malformation.
Autologous Ear Reconstruction and 3D Printing, an Innovative Hybrid Surgical-engineering Reconstructive Approach for Custom-made Ear Models: Our Experience
Authors: Gigola Francesca , Carletti Virginia , Pezzella Michele , Martin Alessandra , Lo Piccolo Roberto , Mussi Elisa , Servi Michaela , Volpe Yary , Morabito Antonino , Facchini Flavio 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Microtia is a congenital anomaly of the ear. We present an innovative technique using a 3D personalized framework that could simplify and standardize the sculpting phase, thanks to reverse engineering and additive manufacturing techniques.

Methods:
Three-dimensional models were realized by T3Ddy, a joint laboratory between the department of industrial engineering and Meyer Children’s Hospital. Data were obtained retrospectively and included patient demographics, primary diagnosis, side of the affected ear, microtia classification, surgical time, length of hospitalization, type of skin approach and framework, complications, aesthetic results, and level of satisfaction using specific questionnaires. Data are reported as median and IQR.

Results:
A total of 17 children (female gender: four) underwent auricular reconstruction surgery with autologous cartilage in our center, between 2019 and 2022. Median age at surgery was 14 years [interquartile range (IQR), 13–17], and the median hospitalization length was 5 days (IQR, 3–5). Median surgical time was 420 minutes (IQR, 406–452). Complications occurred in four patients out of 19 procedures, with a complication rate of 21%. Aesthetic results were satisfactory in all cases.

Conclusions:
The three-dimensional models allow for an intuitive and precise approach. Having developed specific models for each component of the framework, we aimed to improve the aesthetic result and simplify the surgical intervention, guaranteeing a standardized yet personalized experience for each patient. The interprofessional partnership is fundamental to achieving this result.
Monocyte phenotype and extracellular vesicles in HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-1/2 dual infection
Authors: Hønge Bo L. , Andersen Morten N , Petersen Mikkel S. , Jespersen Sanne , Medina Candida , Té David DS. , Kjerulff Bertram , Laursen Alex L. , Møller Holger J. , Wejse Christian , Krarup Henrik , Møller Bjarne K. , Erikstrup Christian 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
AIDS-defining illness develops at higher CD4+ T-cell counts in individuals infected with HIV-2 compared with HIV-1 infected, which suggests that the two types of HIV may have different effects on other compartments of the immune system. We here investigate monocyte phenotype, activation and macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in individuals with different HIV types.

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Methods:
ART-naïve HIV-1 (n = 83), HIV-2 (n = 63), and HIV-1/2 dually-positive (n = 27) participants were recruited in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, together with HIV-negative controls (n = 26). PBMCs were isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry for monocyte phenotype and activation, and plasma was analyzed for extracellular vesicle forms of CD163 and CD206.

Results:
Compared with HIV-negative controls, all groups of HIV-positive participants had a skewed monocyte phenotype with a higher proportion of intermediate monocytes, increased CD163 expression, and elevated serum levels of the inflammatory biomarkers soluble (s)CD163 and sCD206. HIV-2-positive participants had lower CD163 monocyte expression than HIV-1-positive participants, regardless of HIV RNA or CD4 cell count. Levels of sCD206 extracellular vesicles were increased in all HIV groups, and higher in HIV-1 compared with HIV-2-positive participants.

Conclusion:
The monocyte phenotype of HIV-2 positive participants deviated less from healthy controls than did HIV-1 participants. HIV-2 positive participants also had a lower concentration of extracellular CD206+ vesicles compared with HIV-1 positive participants. This does not explain the difference in AIDS development.
CT Features of Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis: Early Phase Versus Late Phase
Authors: Zhang Ju , Du Juan Juan , Ji Yi Fan , Zhang Xin Yu , Su Ting , Jiang Rui , Fu Quan Shui , Yang Guo Qing , Yang Guo Dong , Zhang Xiao Ming 
Published: July 2023

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the computed tomography (CT) features of recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) in the early phase and late phase.

Methods
Recurrent acute pancreatitis data were obtained over the past 5 years. Recurrent acute pancreatitis patients were divided into 2 groups according to the time from RAP onset to performing CT examination: the early phase (first week) and late phase (after the first week) based on the 2012 revised Atlanta classification (RAC). Evaluation and comparison of patients' demographic data, RAC, CT findings, CT severity index (CTSI) score, and extrapancreatic inflammation on CT (EPIC) score were conducted in the 2 groups.

Results
Hypertriglyceridemia was the most common cause of RAP in 679 of 686 patients (positive CT rate: 98.98%). Among 679 CT-positive patients, interstitial edematous pancreatitis and necrotizing pancreatitis accounted for 61.71% (419/679) and 38.29% (260/679), respectively. The CTSI and EPIC scores were higher in the late phase than in the early phase (both P's < 0.05). The proportion of moderately severe and severe RAP patients based on RAC was higher in the late phase than in the early phase (P < 0.05). Early-stage EPIC score was more accurate than CTSI and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores in predicting clinically severe RAP (EPIC vs CTSI; EPIC vs APACHE II, both P's < 0.05).

Conclusions
Recurrent acute pancreatitis is more severe in the late phase than in the early phase. The EPIC score is more indicative of clinically severe RAP than CTSI and APACHE II scores in the early phase of RAP.
Development of a Nomogram to Predict Postoperative Peritoneal Metastasis of Colon Cancer
Authors: Dai Jie , Wang Ke-Xin , Wu Ling-Yu , Bai Xiao-Han , Shi Hong-Yuan , Xu Qing , Yu Jing 
Published: July 2023

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological and radiological risk factors for postoperative peritoneal metastasis and develop a prediction model for the early detection of peritoneal metastasis in patients with colon cancer.

Methods
We included 174 patients with colon cancer. The clinicopathological and radiological data were retrospectively analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify risk factors for postoperative peritoneal metastasis. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram was developed.

Results
At a median follow-up of 63 months, 43 (24.7%) patients developed peritoneal metastasis. Six independent risk factors (hazards ratio [95% confidence interval]) were identified for postoperative peritoneal metastasis: abdominopelvic fluid (2.12 [1.02–4.40]; P = 0.04), longer maximum tumor length (1.02 [1.00–1.03]; P = 0.02), pN1 (2.50 [1.13–5.56]; P = 0.02), pN2 (4.45 [1.77–11.17]; P = 0.02), nonadenocarcinoma (2.75 [1.18–6.38]; P = 0.02), and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels ≥5 ng/mL (3.08 [1.50–6.30]; P < 0.01). A clinicopathological-radiological model was developed based on these factors. The model showed good discrimination (concordance index, 0.798 [0.723–0.876]; P < 0.001) and was well-calibrated.

Conclusions
The developed clinicopathological-radiological nomogram may assist clinicians in identifying patients at high risk of postoperative peritoneal metastasis.
Goal-directed Perioperative Albumin Substitution Versus Standard of Care to Reduce Postoperative Complications - A Randomized Clinical Trial (SuperAdd Trial)
Authors: Schaller Stefan J. , Fuest Kristina , Ulm Bernhard , Schmid Sebastian , Bubb Catherina , Eckstein Hans-Henning , von Eisenhart–Rothe Rüdiger , Friess Helmut , Kirchhoff Chlodwig , Luppa Peter , Blobner Manfred , Jungwirth Bettina 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
To investigate whether goal-directed albumin substitution during surgery and postanesthesia care to maintain a serum albumin concentration >30 g/L can reduce postoperative complications.

Summary Background Data:
Hypoalbuminemia is associated with numerous postoperative complications. Since albumin has important physiological functions, substitution of patients with hypoalbuminemia is worth considering.

Methods:
We conducted a single center, randomized, controlled, outcome-assessor blinded clinical trial in adult patients, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification 3-4 or undergoing high-risk surgery. Patients, whose serum albumin concentration dropped below 30 g/L were randomly assigned to goal-directed albumin substitution maintaining serum concentration >30 g/L or to standard care until discharge from the postanesthesia intermediate care unit. Standard of care allowed albumin substitution in hemodynamic instable patients with serum concentration <20 g/L, only. Primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative complications ≥2 according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification (CDC) in at least one of nine domains (pulmonary, infectious, cardiovascular, neurological, renal, gastrointestinal, wound, pain and hematological) until postoperative day 15.

Results:
Of 2509 included patients 600 (23.9%) developed serum albumin concentrations <30 g/L. Human albumin 60g (40–80g) was substituted to 299 (99.7%) patients in the intervention group and to 54 (18.0%) in the standard care group. At least one postoperative complication classified as CDC≥2 occurred in 254 of 300 patients (84.7%) in the intervention group and in 262 of 300 (87.3%) in the standard treatment group (risk difference -2.7%, 95%CI, -8.3% to 2.9%).

Conclusion:
Maintaining serum albumin concentration of >30 g/L perioperatively cannot generally be recommended in high-risk noncardiac surgery patients.
Novel cross-linked polysaccharide-polyelectrolyte hemostatic foam improves survival compared to CombatGauze in swine femoral artery hemorrhage model
Authors: Dougherty Melissa Linskey , Izer Jenelle M. , Kunselman Allen R. , Oh John S. , Chi Kai , Chen Caini , Catchmark Jeffrey M. , Armen Scott B. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in combat and civilian trauma. Efficacious hemostatic agents in junctional hemorrhage can quell blood loss and improve survival. We hypothesized that a novel hemostatic foam of starch and chitosan would improve hemostasis, and thereby increase survival in a swine femoral artery hemorrhage model when compared to CombatGauze.

Methods
A novel hemostatic foam of starch and chitosan was created and modified over the study period. 30 pigs (4 excluded) were assigned to treatment using either foam version 1 (FV1, n = 9) or 2 (FV2, n = 8), or CombatGauze (CG, n = 9) in a standard swine femoral artery hemorrhage model. Animals were observed for 150 minutes. Outcomes assessed included hemostasis, survival, post-treatment blood loss, IV fluid volume, and hemodynamic and laboratory trends.

Results
Hemostasis prior to 150 minutes was similar with 44.4%, 77.8%, and 50% of swine treated with CG, FV1 and FV2, respectively (Kaplan-Meyer and log-rank test [KM-LR] p > 0.05). Survival to 150 minutes was improved in swine treated with FV1 (100%) compared to CG (55.6%) (KM-LR p = 0.02). Survival was similar between FV1 and FV2 (75%) (KM-LR p > 0.05), and between CG and FV2 (KM-LR p > 0.05). Using mixed model for longitudinal data, MAP decreased significantly in CG- and FV2-treated swine, while there was no significant change in MAP in FV1-treated swine. Trends in lactic acid, hematocrit, platelets, INR, and TEG were more favorable for FV1 compared to CG.

Conclusions
In this preclinical study of junctional hemorrhage, survival was improved in swine treated with version 1 of a novel chitosan/starch foam compared to CombatGauze. Trends in hemodynamics and laboratory data were also more favorable in the FV1-treated swine. This novel hemostatic foam may be an effective alternative to current hemostatic agents.

Level of evidence
not applicable
Study type: Original research: animal research