bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retroperitoneal dermoid cyst presenting with radiculopathy symptoms: a case report
Authors: Kelly-Hedrick Margot , Frerich Jason M , Peairs Emily M , Cardona Diana M , Arcot Rohith , Smith Brandon , Abern Michael , Miller Chad , Abd-El-Barr Muhammad M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dermoid cysts rarely present in the retroperitoneal space or during adulthood. In this case report, we describe the clinical presentation, operative and post-operative course of a 31-year old with a retroperitoneal dermoid cyst. The patient presented with buttock and leg pain/paresthesia found to have a retroperitoneal mass between the psoas muscle and L5/S1 disk space. We describe the operative approach, including intra-operative images, of the resection by a team of urologists and neurosurgeons. The histology is also presented. Finally, we discuss the benefits of use of intra-operative ultrasound and neuromonitoring.
Thomas Betterton’s Book-Trade Apprenticeship and the Amazing Careers of His Two Masters, John Holden and John Rhodes, with Some Notes on the Actor’s Library
Authors: Ferdinand Christine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thomas Betterton has been described as ‘the greatest English actor between Burbage and Garrick’ as well ‘the pre-eminent manager of his time’ (ODNB); yet he began his career in the book trade, with an informal apprenticeship split between entirely different masters. The first was the ambitious John Holden who might have succeeded Humphrey Moseley as the most important literary publisher of the day, had he not died young. His second master was John Rhodes, who took a more pragmatic view of bookselling. Rhodes’ heart was in the theatre—he briefly had his own company and purchased shares in a playhouse—but he understood that bookselling provided a more stable income. Rhodes would have kept the young Betterton busy in his bookshop, but he probably also gave Betterton his first stage experience. While Betterton went on to a brilliant acting and managing career, he continued his association with books, accumulating a large working library.
A social network approach to critical discourse studies
Authors: Chen Fu , Wang Guofeng 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Viewing discourse as a social practice, one important task of critical discourse studies (CDS) is to unveil inequality, power, and ideologies through linguistic and discoursal analysis of social events, social identities, and social relations represented in oral or written texts. As such, it lends itself to social network analysis (SNA) which aims to discover relation patterns and structures among such social actors as people, organizations, and political entities. This article proposes an integration of SNA techniques into CDS and explores this possibility via an example in diachronic study on international relations represented in news reporting on China in The New York Times between 1980 and 2020 by examining subject–direct object pairs to approach the target relations between national actors. It is shown that the coupling of these two approaches effectively reveals international relation networks surrounding key national actors, based on which detailed linguistic and discoursal analysis further sheds light on the underlying ideological and socio-political factors in the news reports. Considering the fact that SNA consists of a great variety of network statistics, which can be broadly categorized into those related to the relative position of the actor in the network and those concerned with the structure of the network itself, there is vast space for the utility of SNA metrics in aiding CDS in further research.
X-ray emission of the radio-loud quasar SDSS J121426.52+140258.9: independent variations between optical/UV and X-ray emission
Authors: Zhou Minhua , Gu Minfeng , Liao Mai , Anjum Muhammad S 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
To understand the X-ray emission of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we explored the optical-to-X-ray variation correlation of a radio-loud quasar (RLQ) SDSS J121426.52+140258.9 (hereafter J1214+1402) with multi-epoch observations by the Swift and XMM–Newton telescopes. With the historical multiband data, we found that the infrared-to-X-ray flux of RLQ J1214+1402 should not be dominated by the beamed-jet emission. The Swift optical/UV and X-ray light curves showed that J1214+1402 has two optical states, with low flux before 2014 April 8 and high flux after 2014 June 11, but has no significant X-ray variations during the time range between 2007 March 9 and 2014 August 4. This result was supported by the XMM–Newton observations in the time overlapping with Swift. Interestingly, the early XMM–Newton data prior to the Swift time present two unusual emission epochs when J1214+1402 has relatively low optical fluxes but has the brightest X-ray fluxes. The overall independence of optical-to-X-ray variation seems hard to describe by the disc–corona model. With the X-ray spectral fitting, we find that the soft X-ray excess in J1214+1402 appears only during the high optical state when the X-ray emission is at a low state. The soft X-ray excess in J1214+1402 is difficult to explain by an ionized accretion disc; instead, it may be related to the warm corona.
Rimmed and rippled accretion disc models to explain AGN continuum lags
Authors: Starkey D A , Huang Jiamu , Horne Keith , Lin Douglas N C 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We propose a solution to the problem of accretion disc sizes in active galactic nuclei being larger when measured by reverberation mapping than predicted by theory. Considering the disc’s exposed-surface thickness profile H(r), our solution invokes a steep rim or rippled structures irradiated by the central lamp-post. We model the continuum lags and the faint and bright disc spectral energy distribution (SED) in the best-studied case NGC 5548 (black hole mass $M_\bullet =7\times 10^7\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$, disc inclination i = 45°). With the lamp-post off, the faint-disc SED fixes a low accretion rate $\dot{M}\simeq 0.0014~\mathrm{M}_\odot \, {\rm yr}^{-1}$ and high prograde black hole spin a• ≃ 0.93, for which $r_{\rm in}=2\, G\, M_\bullet /c^2$ and $L_{\rm disc}=0.25\, \dot{M}\, c^2$. The bright-disc SED then requires a lamp-post luminosity ${L_{\rm LP}}\simeq 5\, \dot{M}\, c^2/(1-A)$ for disc albedo A. Reprocessing on the thin disc with T ∝ r−3/4 gives time lags τ ∝ λ4/3 but three times smaller than observed. Introducing a steep H(r) rim, or multiple crests, near r ∼ 5 light days, reprocessing on the steep centre-facing slope increases temperatures from ∼1500 to ∼6000 K, and this increases optical lags to match the lag data. Most of the disc surface maintains the cooler T ∝ r−3/4 profile that matches the SED. The bright lamp-post may be powered by magnetic links tapping the black hole spin. The steep rim occurs near the disc’s dust sublimation radius as in the ‘failed disc wind model for broad-line clouds’. Lens–Thirring torques aligning the disc and black hole spin may also raise a warp and associated waves. In both scenarios, the small density scale height implied by the inferred value of H(r) suggests possible marginal gravitational instability in the disc.
Galaxy image classification using hierarchical data learning with weighted sampling and label smoothing
Authors: Ma Xiaohua , Li Xiangru , Luo Ali , Zhang Jinqu , Li Hui 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
With the development of a series of Galaxy sky surveys in recent years, the observations increased rapidly, which makes the research of machine learning methods for galaxy image recognition a hot topic. Available automatic galaxy image recognition researches are plagued by the large differences in similarity between categories, the imbalance of data between different classes, and the discrepancy between the discrete representation of Galaxy classes (DDRGC) and the essentially gradual changes from one morphological class to the adjacent class. These limitations have motivated several astronomers and machine learning experts to design projects with improved galaxy image recognition capabilities. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel learning method, ‘Hierarchical Imbalanced data learning with Weighted sampling and Label smoothing’ (HIWL). The HIWL consists of three key techniques respectively dealing with the above-mentioned three problems: (1) designed a hierarchical galaxy classification model based on an efficient backbone network; (2) utilized a weighted sampling scheme to deal with the imbalance problem; and (3) adopted a label smoothing technique to alleviate the DDRGC problem. We applied this method to galaxy photometric images from the Galaxy Zoo-The Galaxy Challenge, exploring the recognition of completely round smooth, in between smooth, cigar-shaped, edge-on, and spiral. The overall classification accuracy is 96.32 per cent, and some superiorities of the HIWL are shown based on recall, precision, and F1-Score in comparing with some related works. In addition, we also explored the visualization of the galaxy image features and model attention to understand the foundations of the proposed scheme.
Quenching in cosmic sheets: tracing the impact of large-scale structure collapse on the evolution of dwarf galaxies
Authors: Pasha Imad , Mandelker Nir , van den Bosch Frank C , Springel Volker , van de Voort Freeke 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dwarf galaxies are thought to quench primarily due to environmental processes most typically occurring in galaxy groups and clusters or around single, massive galaxies. However, at earlier epochs, (5 &lt; z &lt; 2), the collapse of large-scale structure (forming Zel’dovich sheets and subsequently filaments of the cosmic web) can produce volume-filling accretion shocks which elevate large swaths of the intergalactic medium (IGM) in these structures to a hot (T &gt; 106 K) phase. We study the impact of such an event on the evolution of central dwarf galaxies (5.5 &lt; log M* &lt; 8.5) in the field using a spatially large, high resolution cosmological zoom simulation which covers the cosmic web environment between two protoclusters. We find that the shock-heated sheet acts as an environmental quencher much like clusters and filaments at lower redshift, creating a population of quenched, central dwarf galaxies. Even massive dwarfs that do not quench are affected by the shock, with reductions to their sSFR and gas accretion. This process can potentially explain the presence of isolated quenched dwarf galaxies, and represents an avenue of pre-processing, via which quenched satellites of bound systems quench before infall.
SigH stress response mediates killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by activating nitronaphthofuran prodrugs via induction of Mrx2 expression
Authors: Cioetto-Mazzabò Laura , Boldrin Francesca , Beauvineau Claire , Speth Martin , Marina Alberto , Namouchi Amine , Segafreddo Greta , Cimino Mena , Favre-Rochex Sandrine , Balasingham Seetha , Trastoy Beatriz , Munier-Lehmann Hélène , Griffiths Gareth , Gicquel Brigitte , Guerin Marcelo E , Manganelli Riccardo , Alonso-Rodríguez Noelia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains highlights the need to discover anti-tuberculosis drugs with novel mechanisms of action. Here we discovered a mycobactericidal strategy based on the prodrug activation of selected chemical derivatives classified as nitronaphthofurans (nNFs) mediated by the coordinated action of the sigH and mrx2 genes. The transcription factor SigH is a key regulator of an extensive transcriptional network that responds to oxidative, nitrosative, and heat stresses in M. tuberculosis. The nNF action induced the SigH stress response which in turn induced the mrx2 overexpression. The nitroreductase Mrx2 was found to activate nNF prodrugs, killing replicating, non-replicating and intracellular forms of M. tuberculosis. Analysis of SigH DNA sequences obtained from spontaneous nNF-resistant M. tuberculosis mutants suggests disruption of SigH binding to the mrx2 promoter site and/or RNA polymerase core, likely promoting the observed loss of transcriptional control over Mrx2. Mutations found in mrx2 lead to structural defects in the thioredoxin fold of the Mrx2 protein, significantly impairing the activity of the Mrx2 enzyme against nNFs. Altogether, our work brings out the SigH/Mrx2 stress response pathway as a promising target for future drug discovery programs.
Crystal structures and fragment screening of SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 reveal details of exoribonuclease activation and mRNA capping and provide starting points for antiviral drug development
Authors: Imprachim Nergis , Yosaatmadja Yuliana , Newman Joseph A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
NSP14 is a dual function enzyme containing an N-terminal exonuclease domain (ExoN) and C-terminal Guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain. Both activities are essential for the viral life cycle and may be targeted for anti-viral therapeutics. NSP14 forms a complex with NSP10, and this interaction enhances the nuclease but not the methyltransferase activity. We have determined the structure of SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 in the absence of NSP10 to 1.7 Å resolution. Comparisons with NSP14/NSP10 complexes reveal significant conformational changes that occur within the NSP14 ExoN domain upon binding of NSP10, including helix to coil transitions that facilitate the formation of the ExoN active site and provide an explanation of the stimulation of nuclease activity by NSP10. We have determined the structure of NSP14 in complex with cap analogue 7MeGpppG, and observe conformational changes within a SAM/SAH interacting loop that plays a key role in viral mRNA capping offering new insights into MTase activity. We perform an X-ray fragment screen on NSP14, revealing 72 hits bound to sites of inhibition in the ExoN and MTase domains. These fragments serve as excellent starting point tools for structure guided development of NSP14 inhibitors that may be used to treat COVID-19 and potentially other future viral threats.
Legal Positivism’s Internal Morality
Authors: Gallego Javier 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article examines the jurisprudential arguments elaborated in David Dyzenhaus’s The Long Arc of Legality. In particular, it looks into the main claim of the book: that the fact of ‘very unjust laws’ is central to illuminating the idea of law’s authority, the elaboration of which Dyzenhaus takes to be the purpose of legal theory. The article analyses Dyzenhaus’s own normative proposal in this matter, which consists of a version of legal positivism committed to Lon Fuller’s principles of the internal morality of law, with the corollary of a conception of the judicial role as bound to a duty to apply these internal principles of legality when exercising their main function. While I cast some doubts on the feasibility of constructing the judge’s function that way, in the end I celebrate Dyzenhaus’s attempt at refining legal positivism’s identity, especially in light of the ongoing debate with contemporary anti-positivism.
Tensile behaviour of unaged and hygrothermally aged discontinuous Bouligand structured CFRP composites
Authors: Nwambu Chidume , Robert Colin , Alam Parvez 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this article is to determine the effects of hygrothermal ageing on the tensile behaviour of asymmetric discontinuous helicoidally stacked (Bouligand structured) carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites. Eight different discontinuous Bouligand stacking sequences were manufactured using both major and minor pitch angles. The major pitch angles used were 90° and 120° while minor pitch angles at 5°, 10°, 15° and 25° were stacked from each of the major pitch angles. The composites were tested in tension as either dry unaged specimens or following hygrothermal ageing in seawater at the constant temperatures of 40°C and 60°C for over 2000 h. Both tensile modulus and tensile strength are found to be detrimentally affected by hygrothermal ageing and the extent to which ageing affects these properties is shown to be a function of the inter-ply pitch angle. All discontinuous Bouligand structured composites that were hygrothermally aged at the higher temperature of 60°C were less stiff and weaker than those aged at 40°C and those that were unaged. This is a result of increased heat exacerbating the ingress of water and consequently damaging fibre-matrix interfaces and plasticizing the matrix. The results showed that the minor pitch angles had clear effects on the strength and stiffness of the composites. Composites with 120° major pitch angles exhibited superior elastic modulus and strength values compared with composites with 90° major pitch angles. The Hashin damage model is shown to be accurate in predicting failure in discontinuous Bouligand structured CFRP composites, as evidenced by comparison to fracture paths observed after mechanical testing.
Agave REVEILLE1regulates the onset and release of seasonal dormancy inPopulus
Authors: Liu Degao , Tang Dan , Xie Meng , Zhang Jin , Zhai Longmei , Mao Jiangping , Luo Chao , Lipzen Anna , Zhang Yu , Savage Emily , Yuan Guoliang , Guo Hao-Bo , Tadesse Dimiru , Hu Rongbin , Jawdy Sara , Cheng Hua , Li Linling , Yer Huseyin , Clark Miranda M , Sun Huayu , Shi Jiyuan , Budhathoki Roshani , Kumar Rahul , Kamuda Troy , Li Yanjun , Pennacchio Christa , Barry Kerrie , Schmutz Jeremy , Berry Rajiv , Muchero Wellington , Chen Jin-Gui , Li Yi , Tuskan Gerald A , Yang Xiaohan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeciduous woody plants like poplar (Populus spp.) have seasonal bud dormancy. It has been challenging to simultaneously delay the onset of bud dormancy in the fall and advance bud break in the spring, as bud dormancy, and bud break were thought to be controlled by different genetic factors. Here, we demonstrate that heterologous expression of the REVEILLE1 gene (named AaRVE1) from Agave (Agave americana) not only delays the onset of bud dormancy but also accelerates bud break in poplar in field trials. AaRVE1 heterologous expression increases poplar biomass yield by 166% in the greenhouse. Furthermore, we reveal that heterologous expression of AaRVE1 increases cytokinin contents, represses multiple dormancy-related genes, and up-regulates bud break-related genes, and that AaRVE1 functions as a transcriptional repressor and regulates the activity of the DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 (DRM1) promoter. Our findings demonstrate that AaRVE1 appears to function as a regulator of bud dormancy and bud break, which has important implications for extending the growing season of deciduous trees in frost-free temperate and subtropical regions to increase crop yield.
Natural variation of respiration-related traits in plants
Authors: Bulut Mustafa , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlant respiration is one of the greatest global metabolic fluxes, but rates of respiration vary massively both within different cell types as well as between different individuals and different species. Whilst this is well known, few studies have detailed population-level variation of respiration until recently. The last 20 years have seen a renaissance in studies of natural variance. In this review, we describe how experimental breeding populations and collections of large populations of accessions can be used to determine the genetic architecture of plant traits. We further detail how these approaches have been used to study the rate of respiration per se as well as traits that are intimately associated with respiration. The review highlights specific breakthroughs in these areas but also concludes that the approach should be more widely adopted in the study of respiration per se as opposed to the more frequently studied respiration-related traits.
CyanoMapDB: a database integrating experimentally validated protein–protein interactions in cyanobacteria
Authors: Peng Zhao , Li Jiaqiang , Jiang Xingpeng , Wan Cuihong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
As one of the essential life forms in the biosphere, research on cyanobacteria has been growing remarkably for decades. Biological functions in organisms are often accomplished through protein–protein interactions (PPIs), which help to regulate interacting proteins or organize them into an integral machine. However, the study of PPIs in cyanobacteria falls far behind that in mammals and has not been integrated for ease of use. Thus, we built CyanoMapDB (http://www.cyanomapdb.msbio.pro/), a database providing cyanobacterial PPIs with experimental evidence, consisting of 52,304 PPIs among 6,789 proteins from 23 cyanobacterial species. We collected available data in UniProt, STRING, and IntAct, and mined numerous PPIs from co-fractionation MS data in cyanobacteria. The integrated data are accessible in CyanoMapDB (http://www.cyanomapdb.msbio.pro/), enabling users to easily query proteins of interest, investigate interacting proteins with evidence from different sources, and acquire a visual network of the target protein. We believe that CyanoMapDB will promote research involved with cyanobacteria and plants.
Who benefits from an adult worker model? Gender inequality in couples’ daily time use in Germany across time and social classes
Authors: Deuflhard Carolin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article investigates how mothers’ and fathers’ daily time use changed across social classes from 1990 to 2013 in Germany. In the 2000s, Germany’s adherence to the male breadwinner model was eroded by labor and family policy reforms typical of the adult worker model, which assumes individual self-sufficiency. The implications for gender and class inequality have been heatedly discussed. Drawing on the German Time Use Survey, I find that gender equality in the division of labor is greatest among full-time dual-earner couples with standard schedules. The prevalence of this pattern increased among the middle- and upper-class in historically conservative western Germany, but declined across classes in formerly socialist eastern Germany. In parallel, nonstandard work patterns and dual-joblessness gained in importance among lower-class couples, particularly in eastern Germany. I conclude that the adult worker model benefited mothers with access to standard full-time jobs but at the cost of greater class polarization.