bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative proteomics and metabolomics profiling to understand the biochemical basis of beef muscle darkening at a slightly elevated pH
Authors: Kiyimba Frank , Cassens Drew , Hartson Steven D , Rogers Janet , Habiger Joshua , Mafi Gretchen G , Ramanathan Ranjith 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Previous studies investigated the biochemical basis of dark-cutting conditions at elevated muscle pH (above 6), but the molecular basis at slightly above normal pH (between 5.6 and 5.8) is still unclear. The objective was to determine protein and metabolite profiles to elucidate postmortem muscle darkening at slightly elevated pH. Loins were selected based on the criteria established in our laboratory before sample collections, such as pH less than 5.8, L* values (muscle lightness) less than 38, and not discounted by the grader (high-pH beef with dark color are discounted and not sold in retail stores). Six bright red loins (longissimus lumborum) at normal-pH (average pH = 5.57) and six dark-colored strip loins at slightly elevated pH (average pH = 5.70) from A maturity carcasses were obtained within 72-h postmortem from a commercial beef purveyor. Surface color, oxygen consumption, metmyoglobin reducing activity, protein, and metabolite profiles were determined on normal-pH and dark-colored steaks at slightly elevated pH. Enzymes related to glycogen metabolism and glycolytic pathways were more differently abundant than metabolites associated with these pathways. The results indicated that oxygen consumption and metmyoglobin reducing activity were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in darker steaks than normal-pH steaks. Enzymes involved with glycogen catabolic pathways and glycogen storage disease showed lower abundance in dark beef. The tricarboxylic acid metabolite, aconitic acid, was overabundant in darker-colored beef than normal-pH beef, but glucose derivative metabolites were less abundant. The majority of glycogenolytic proteins and metabolites reported as overabundant in the previous dark-cutting studies at high pH (&gt;6.4) also did not show significant differences in the current study. Therefore, our data suggest enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism, in part, create a threshold for muscle darkening than metabolites.
An Assay Method for Characterizing Bacteriophage T7 RNA Polymerase Activity by Transcription–Translation (TX-TL) System
Authors: Cui Mingxin , Wong Okei , Li Qiang , Wang Wenya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractT7 system is a commonly used in protein expression and the highest transcription activity of T7 RNAP usually caused the instability of T7 system. In order to apply T7 system extensively, it is essential to characterize T7 RNAP activity. In the present paper, an assay method for T7 RNAP activity was developed with a transcription–translation (TX-TL) system. After the optimization of TX-TL system, the operating parameters were determined as 34°C, 60 min with 20 ng/μl of plasmid DNA template. The standard curve of TX-TL assay method indicated an excellent correlation (r = 0.998), and the sensitivity was better than that of western blotting method. The precision investigation indicated a mean-relative error of 2.58% and a standard-relative error of 7.01%. Moreover, the cell lysate could be added directly to the optimized TX-TL system without affecting T7 RNAP activity assay. The feasibility of present method was further confirmed by characterizing T7 RNAP activity in cell lysate of five strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) DH5α with different T7 RNAP activities and seven commercial strains of E. coli (DE3). The present assay method for T7 RNAP activity would have a great application in synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, enzyme engineering and biomedicine.
State and Future Science of Opioids and Potential of Biased-ligand Technology in the Management of Acute Pain After Burn Injury
Authors: Hill David M , DeBoer Erik 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pain associated with severe burn injury is one of the most intense and clinically challenging to manage, as the metabolic imbalances associated with the inflammation caused by the injury and treatment interventions (e.g., dressing changes and debridement, excision, and grafting) can further worsen the pain. In the pharmacologic management of a complex, hospitalized patient with burn injuries, opioid therapy remains an efficacious mainstay of treatment. However, the complex nature of pain, injury characteristics, and common demographics after burn injury place patients at high risk of opioid-related adverse events. Thus, guidelines recommend that decisions about choice of opioid be based on physiology, pharmacology, and physician experience, in addition to individualizing initial treatment with subsequent continual adjustments throughout care. Although substantial progress has been made in pain management strategies with utilization of nonopioid medications and nonpharmacologic adjuncts to opioid pharmacotherapy, there is still a need to evaluate new therapies, as an optimal regimen still lacks significant evidential support. Herein, we review the actions of opioids at the cellular level, contributing to both nociception and opioid-related adverse events. We also discuss the most recently approved intravenously administered opioid, oliceridine, developed utilizing biased ligand technology, including a summary of its clinical efficacy and safety in the management of severe acute pain. While oliceridine has been evaluated for the management of moderate-to-severe acute pain, the large phase 3 studies did not include patients with burn injuries. However, potential implications and future study direction for pain associated with burn injury are discussed.
Walled cosmopolitanization: how China’s Great Firewall mediates young urban gay men’s lives
Authors: Song Lin , Wu Shangwei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article explores the role of censorship as a communication technology in shaping experiences of cosmopolitanization. Drawing on interviews with urban Chinese gay men who circumvent the country’s Great Firewall, the article studies how censorship shapes people’s media choices, practices, and social outlooks. It presents three findings. First, censorship produces a domesticated media ecology characterized by controlled exchanges with the outside world, constructing the perceived “localness” and “foreignness” of media artifacts. Second, censorship creates an exclusive “cosmopolitan digital class” that establishes a hierarchy of desirability based on people’s media practices. Third, censorship promotes a paradoxical intertwining of cosmopolitanization and encapsulation, popularizing a mindset that is at once open—willing to move across the Wall and access alternative information—and closed: subscribing to territorial understandings of selfhood. Based on these findings, the article proposes the concept of “walled cosmopolitanization” to describe the vulnerability of the cosmopolitan self in censored environments.
Recent Developments in U.S. Climate Law: Judicial Retrenchment and Congressional Action
Authors: Farber Daniel A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The United States signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in June of 1992. For nearly 30 years thereafter, Congress remained gridlocked and unable to pass significant climate change legislation. During that time, the executive branch was the main forum for the development of federal climate policy, forcing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to creatively reinterpret 1970s legislation to deal with climate change. The situation changed in two crucial ways in 2022: The Supreme Court’s decision in West Virginia v. EPA reined in EPA’s authority, and Congress finally enacted major climate legislation in the form of a multi-billion dollar tax and spending bill. These two events will shape the future of US climate efforts.
State Capitalism in the GATT/WTO Legal Order
Authors: Mavroidis Petros C , Sapir André 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Originally, the multilateral trading regime did not address state capitalism in a comprehensive manner, since none of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade founders had espoused this form of economic governance. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade did contain specific provisions dealing with state trading and with subsidies, but nothing more. This situation has remained unchanged over the years, except for tightening the screws in areas already regulated (like subsidies), even though the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization membership has become more and more heterogenous, with some members being overtly state capitalists. This was the case because these new members were either too small to really matter (e.g. Hungary) or because it was hoped that bigger players would transform into market economies (e.g. China). In hindsight, this has proved to be a grave error, since many of the difficulties that the world trading system currently faces originate in the unsatisfactory disciplining of state intervention in the workings of the economy of World Trade Organization members.
Review of the Mimeticus Subgroup ofCulex(Culex) (Diptera: Culicidae), With an Assessment of the Specific Status of Three Nominal Species Described From India
Authors: Somboon Pradya , Phanitchakun Thanari , Namgay Rinzin , Harbach Ralph E 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Mimeticus Subgroup of the subgenus Culex, genus Culex Linnaeus, is reviewed and revised. Mitochondrial COI sequences of species of the subgroup available in GenBank were analysed to verify the identity of voucher specimens. The specific status of three species described from India, Cx. gaugleri Suman, Cx. katezari Karlekar, Andrew & Deshpande, and Cx. kodaikanalensis Suman, Veer & Chandra, was examined and found to be unsupportable. Culex gaugleri and Cx. kodaikanalensis are synonyms of Cx. jacksoni based on the similarity of DNA sequences and dubious evidence of morphological differentiation. Culex katezari is recognized as a nomen dubium because the morphological description and molecular information provided by the authors are insufficient for its identification. A number of specimens registered in GenBank were found to be misidentified. In addition, available data indicate that the Mimeticus Subgroup may include at least three unrecognized species, referred to informally as Cx. mimeticus form B, Cx. mimulus form X, and Cx. mimulus form Y.
International commercial courts and EU law: easing the tension
Authors: Ortolani Pietro , van Zelst Bas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
International commercial courts (ICCts) are hybrid dispute resolution fora, whose features often differ from the ones of ‘ordinary’ courts. Thus, the legal nature of ICCts is not always clear. The authors submit that it is doubtful whether an ICCt should be qualified as a self-standing adjudicative body, or as a chamber of a larger court. This, in turn, may undermine the applicability of the European Union cross-border litigation regime, and affect enforceability. Using the Netherlands Commercial Court as a case study, this article proposes two alternative avenues for reform, aimed at enhancing legal certainty and ensuring international enforceability.
Leader Statements and the Effect of Accommodative and Coercive Language in Interstate Conflict
Authors: Tucker Colin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Do leaders’ statements influence the trajectory of interstate conflicts? More specifically, do coercive or accommodative statements influence immediate deterrence and reconciliation? This study expands upon the contributions of McManus (“Fighting Words: The Effectiveness of Statements of Resolve in International Conflict,” Journal of Peace Research 51, no. 6 [2014]: 726–40) by measuring the presence of coercive and accommodative language in US presidential statements and examines whether these types of statements are associated with conflict events during militarized interstate disputes. Accounting for endogeneity, the findings suggest that higher rates of coercive statements deter adversaries from engaging in the use of military force, while higher rates of accommodative statements induce the adversary into negotiations. Importantly, coercive statements do not appear to incite hostilities through provocation, nor do accommodative statements appear to invite escalation by signaling weakness.
Healthcare seeking during travel: an analysis by the GeoSentinel surveillance network of travel medicine providers
Authors: Piyaphanee Watcharapong , Stoney Rhett J , Asgeirsson Hilmir , Appiah Grace D , Díaz-Menéndez Marta , Barnett Elizabeth D , Gautret Philippe , Libman Michael , Schlagenhauf Patricia , Leder Karin , Plewes Katherine , Grobusch Martin P , Huits Ralph , Mavunda Kunjana , Hamer Davidson H , Chen Lin H 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
International travellers may seek care abroad to address health problems that arise during their trip or plan healthcare outside their country of residence as medical tourists.

Methods
Data were collected on travellers evaluated at GeoSentinel Network sites who reported healthcare during travel. Both unplanned and planned healthcare were analysed, including the reason and nature of healthcare sought, characteristics of the treatment provided and outcomes. Travellers that presented for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis were described elsewhere and were excluded from detailed analysis.

Results
From May 2017 through June 2020, after excluding travellers obtaining rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (n= 415), 1093 travellers reported care for a medical or dental issue that was an unanticipated part of the travellers’ planned itinerary (unplanned healthcare). Travellers who sought unplanned healthcare abroad had frequent diagnoses of acute diarrhoea, dengue, falciparum malaria and unspecified viral syndrome, and obtained care in 131 countries. Thirty-four (3%) reported subsequent deterioration and 230 (21%) reported no change in condition; a third (n = 405; 37%) had a pre-travel health encounter. Forty-one travellers had sufficient data on planned healthcare abroad for analysis. The most common destinations were the US, France, Dominican Republic, Belgium and Mexico. The top reasons for their planned healthcare abroad were unavailability of procedure at home (n = 9; 19%), expertise abroad (n = 9; 19%), lower cost (n = 8; 17%) and convenience (n = 7; 15%); a third (n = 13; 32%) reported cosmetic or surgical procedures. Early and late complications occurred in 14 (33%) and 4 (10%) travellers, respectively. Four travellers (10%) had a pre-travel health encounter.

Conclusions
International travellers encounter health problems during travel that often could be prevented by pre-travel consultation. Travellers obtaining planned healthcare abroad can experience negative health consequences associated with treatments abroad, for which pre-travel consultations could provide advice and potentially help to prevent complications.
Diagnostic Role of Circulating miRNAs in the Grading of Chronic Hepatitis B–Related Liver Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jiang Ting , Leng Wenying , Zhong Sen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
miRNAs are considered potential biomarkers that can be used for the grading of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)–related liver fibrosis. This meta-analysis aims to elucidate the diagnostic performance of miRNAs.

Methods
Databases were used to search for meta-analyses. A bivariate model was used to calculate pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). In addition, the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results
A total of 9 studies with 1159 patients with CHB-related liver fibrosis were assessed. For diagnosis of significant liver fibrosis, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.68–0.78), 0.78 (95% CI, 0.70–0.84), 3.32 (95% CI, 2.52–4.37), 0.34 (95% CI, 0.30–0.39), 9.70 (95% CI, 7.10–13.24), and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.77–0.84), respectively.

Conclusion
miRNAs are potential biomarkers of CHB-related liver fibrosis.
Vanadium Electronic Configuration Determination From L2,3 Transition in V-oxide Compounds and Roscoelite
Authors: Zanetta Pierre-Marie , Drexler Maxwell S , Barton Isabel F , Zega Thomas J 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report on the electronic structure of vanadium in synthetic V-oxides and in natural roscoelite (V-rich phyllosilicate). This study applied electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), combined with first-principle calculations, to (1) establish relationships between the V oxidation state and EELS L2,3 features and (2) better constrain the oxidation state and crystallographic siting of V in roscoelite, with implications for other V-bearing phyllosilicates. Both EELS measurements and band structure calculations show that the EELS L2/L3 ratio increases as the oxidation state of V increases. We establish a quantitative relationship between the V L2,3 near-edge structure and the V oxidation state by normalizing the L2 maximum peak intensity to the L3 peak intensity. By applying this method to roscoelite, we find that it hosts a mix of trivalent and tetravalent V distributed between the octahedral and tetrahedral sites with a V4+/ΣV = 0.6 ± 0.1. This relationship is applicable to measurements of V oxidation states in oxide and phyllosilicate minerals, which is useful for constraining the conditions of rock and mineral formation and has potential implications for metal extraction from phyllosilicate ores.
Evidence of high-mass star formation through multiscale mass accretion in hub-filament-system clouds
Authors: Liu Hong-Li , Tej Anandmayee , Liu Tie , Sanhueza Patricio , Qin Sheng-Li , He Jinhua , Goldsmith Paul F , Garay Guido , Pan Sirong , Morii Kaho , Li Shanghuo , Stutz Amelia , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Xu Feng-Wei , Bronfman Leonardo , Saha Anindya , Issac Namitha , Baug Tapas , Toth L Viktor , Dewangan Lokesh , Wang Ke , Zhou Jianwen , Lee Chang Won , Yang Dongting , Luo Anxu , Shen Xianjin , Zhang Yong , Wu Yue-Fang , Ren Zhiyuan , Liu Xun-Chuan , Soam Archana , Zhang Siju , Luo Qiu-Yi 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
We present a statistical study of a sample of 17 hub-filament-system (HFS) clouds of high-mass star formation using high-angular resolution (∼1–2 arcsec) ALMA 1.3 and 3 mm continuum data. The sample includes eight infrared (IR)-dark and nine IR-bright types, which correspond to an evolutionary sequence from the IR-dark to IR-bright stage. The central massive clumps and their associated most massive cores are observed to follow a trend of increasing mass (M) and mass surface density (Σ) with evolution from the IR-dark to IR-bright stage. In addition, a mass-segregated cluster of young stellar objects (YSOs) are revealed in both IR-dark and IR-bright HFSs with massive YSOs located in the hub and the population of low-mass YSOs distributed over larger areas. Moreover, outflow feedback in all HFSs are found to escape preferentially through the inter-filamentary diffuse cavities, suggesting that outflows would render a limited effect on the disruption of the HFSs and ongoing high-mass star formation therein. From the above observations, we suggest that high-mass star formation in the HFSs can be described by a multiscale mass accretion/transfer scenario, from hub-composing filaments through clumps down to cores, which can naturally lead to a mass-segregated cluster of stars.
Molecular gas cloud properties atz≃ 1 revealed by the superb angular resolution achieved with ALMA and gravitational lensing
Authors: Dessauges-Zavadsky Miroslava , Richard Johan , Combes Françoise , Messa Matteo , Nagy David , Mayer Lucio , Schaerer Daniel , Egami Eiichi , Adamo Angela 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTCurrent observations favour that the massive ultraviolet-bright clumps with a median stellar mass of $\sim 10^7\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, ubiquitously observed in z ∼ 1–3 galaxies, are star-forming regions formed in situ in galaxies. It has been proposed that they result from gas fragmentation due to gravitational instability of gas-rich, turbulent, and high-redshift discs. We bring support to this scenario by reporting the new discovery of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the strongly lensed, clumpy, main-sequence galaxy, A521-sys1, at z = 1.043. Its CO(4–3) emission was mapped with the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) at an angular resolution of 0.19 × 0.16 arcsec2, reading down to 30 pc, thanks to gravitational lensing. We identified 14 GMCs, most being virialized, with $10^{5.9}-10^{7.9}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ masses and a median $800\, {\rm M}_{\odot }~\mathrm{pc}^{-2}$ molecular gas mass surface density, that are, respectively, 100 and 10 times higher than for nearby GMCs. They are also characterized by 10 times higher supersonic turbulence with a median Mach number of 60. They end up to fall above the Larson scaling relations, similarly to the GMCs in another clumpy z ≃ 1 galaxy, the Cosmic Snake, although differences between the two sets of high-redshift GMCs exist. Altogether they support that GMCs form with properties that adjust to the ambient interstellar medium conditions prevalent in the host galaxy whatever its redshift. The detected A521-sys1 GMCs are massive enough to be the parent gas clouds of stellar clumps, with a relatively high star formation efficiency per free-fall time of ∼11 per cent.
The structure of the high-affinity nickel-binding site in the Ni,Zn-HypA•UreE2 complex
Authors: Zambelli Barbara , Basak Priyanka , Hu Heidi , Piccioli Mario , Musiani Francesco , Broll Valquiria , Imbert Lionel , Boisbouvier Jerome , Maroney Michael J , Ciurli Stefano 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The maturation pathway for the nickel-dependent enzyme urease utilizes the protein UreE as a metallochaperone to supply Ni(II) ions. In Helicobacter pylori urease maturation also requires HypA and HypB, accessory proteins that are commonly associated with hydrogenase maturation. Herein we report on the characterization of a protein complex formed between HypA and the UreE2 dimer. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) coupled with molecular modelling show that the protein complex apo, Zn-HypA•UreE2, forms between the rigorously conserved Met-His-Glu (MHE motif) Ni-binding N-terminal sequence of HypA and the two conserved His102A and His102B located at the dimer interface of UreE2. This complex forms in the absence of Ni(II) and is supported by extensive protein contacts that include the use of the C-terminal sequences of UreE2 to form additional strands of β-sheet with the Ni-binding domain of HypA. The Ni-binding properties of apo, Zn-HypA•UreE2 and the component proteins were investigated by isothermal titration calorimetry using a global fitting strategy that included all of the relevant equilibria, and show that the Ni,Zn-HypA•UreE2 complex contains a single Ni(II)-binding site with a sub-nanomolar KD. The structural features of this novel Ni(II) site were elucidated using proteins produced with specifically deuterated amino acids, protein point mutations, and the analyses of X-ray absorption spectroscopy, hyperfine shifted NMR features, as well as molecular modeling coupled with quantum-mechanical calculations. The results show that the complex contains a six-coordinate, high-spin Ni(II) site with ligands provided by both component proteins.