bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible Approaches to Drug Delivery via Glutathione Transferase Proteins and Chitosan
Authors: Sjödin Birgitta , Farsi Pedram , Mannervik Bengt 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNovel means of drug delivery are in great demand in particular for the administration of macromolecules. Glutathione transferase proteins can undergo cellular uptake and thereby deliver pharmaceutical cargo to intracellular sites. The proteins are soluble and can be produced in large quantities by facile bacterial expression. Molecular engineering may endow the proteins with signal sequences directing the delivery to specific intracellular targets and escape domains that facilitate cargo release from endosomes. Sequences providing high affinity for nucleic acids may find use in vaccines based on DNA or RNA. The combination of chitosan and glutathione transferase synergistically enhances the cellular uptake of the protein. Engineered glutathione transferase proteins offer great potential in the area of drug delivery research.
Enhanced grasshopper optimization‐based selection of ultrasound and elastography features for breast lesion classification
Authors: Rengarajan Rajeshwari , Geetha Devasena M. S. , Gopu G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide, caused by the uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells in the breast. It is very tough to differentiate cancer from non‐cancer cells because of their shape and structure. Therefore, early diagnosis and classification of breast tumors as benign is a hot research topic. However, existing methods for early diagnosis have shortcomings like high computational cost and low classification accuracy. To trounce those limitations, this paper presented a computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system employing metaheuristic algorithms and machine learning classifiers. The proposed system uses fused features of ultrasound (US) and elastography images to enhance classification accuracy. Firstly, both US and elastography images are separately preprocessed using an enhanced wavelet thresholding method to diminish speckle noise. Secondly, a new segmentation algorithm is proposed to extract the lesion region from the preprocessed US image. Then the contour of the segmented lesion is mapped on an elastography image to obtain the corresponding region of interest (ROI), and texture and morphology features are separately extracted and concatenated. Subsequently, the enhanced grasshopper optimization algorithm (EGOA) is adopted to select salient features and reduce the dimension. Finally, based on the selected features, two machine learning classifiers, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machine (SVM), are employed to classify the lesions into benign and malignant. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on 520 tumor images, including both benign and malignant samples. The suggested performance has been assessed by computing the confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic curve. The developed method, EGOA‐SVM, outperforms the other classifiers by reaching a higher classification rate of 99.4%, specificity of 100%, the sensitivity of 99.2%, and Matthew's coefficient of 0.979. The introduced method can improve the radiologist's performance in categorizing breast lesions with a good classification rate. It could be a promising tool for clinical use.
Medication use optimization in critical care through a pharmacy morbidity, mortality, and improvement program
Authors: Droege Molly Elizabeth , Cunningham Michael , Droege Christopher Allen , Kuebel Dalton John , Philpott Carolyn Dosen , Rice Timothy Daniel , Barnett Rachelle , Roell Claire , Mueller Eric William 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPharmacy‐led morbidity, mortality, and improvement (MMI) programs enhance practitioner education and improve patient‐safety culture. The impact of MMI programs on process improvement (PI) outcomes is lacking, particularly within critical care. The purpose of this retrospective report was to describe PI interventions from critical care medication errors evaluated through a pharmacy MMI program. Medication errors reported between June 2013 and August 2022 that occurred in an intensive care unit, emergency department, or procedural area were included. Error severity and potential were assessed using the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) Medication Error Index and Harm Associated with Medication Error Classification (HAMEC), respectively. The primary outcome of PI interventions was classified as clinical update, operations change, pharmacy or hospital administration change, and/or informatics and technology (IT) updates. Electronic medical record (EMR) were further classified as best practice advisory, medication order build/change, order set build/change, dose limit/alert, or infusion smart pump change. Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) reliability level was evaluated as a secondary outcome. A total of 54 errors were included. Most errors were classified as NCC MERP category D (13 [24.1%]) and C (12 [22.2%]) with severe harm potential (HAMEC 4, 26 [48.1%]; median score 3 [interquartile range, IQR, 3–4]) error potential. A total of 88 PI interventions were identified (median 1.5 [IQR 1–2] per error); clinical (30 [34.1%]) and IT (26 [29.5%]) updates were the most common. Order set build or change (20 [45.5%]) was the most common EMR enhancement. PI interventions were a median IHI level 1 reliability (IQR, 1–2). EMR enhancements had a median IHI level of reliability of 2 (IQR, 1–2). Critical care medication errors addressed through a formal Pharmacy MMI program have high harm potential and often involve multiple PI interventions. EMR interventions generally had higher levels of empiric reliability.
Antibacterial properties and osteoblast interactions of microfluidically synthesized chitosan – SPION composite nanoparticles
Authors: Kafali Melisa , Şahinoğlu O. Berkay , Tufan Yiğithan , Orsel Z. Cemre , Aygun Elif , Alyuz Beril , Saritas Emine Ulku , Erdem E. Yegan , Ercan Batur 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this research, a multi‐step microfluidic reactor was used to fabricate chitosan – superparamagnetic iron oxide composite nanoparticles (Ch – SPIONs), where composite formation using chitosan was aimed to provide antibacterial property and nanoparticle stability for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Monodispersed Ch – SPIONs had an average particle size of 8.8 ± 1.2 nm with a magnetization value of 32.0 emu/g. Ch – SPIONs could be used as an MRI contrast agent by shortening T2 relaxation parameter of the surrounding environment, as measured on a 3 T MRI scanner. In addition, Ch – SPIONs with concentrations less than 1 g/L promoted bone cell (osteoblast) viability up to 7 days of culture in vitro in the presence of 0.4 T external static magnetic field. These nanoparticles were also tested against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), which are dangerous pathogens that cause infection in tissues and biomedical devices. Upon interaction of Ch – SPIONs with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa at 0.01 g/L concentration, nearly a 2‐fold reduction in the number of colonies was observed for both bacteria strains at 48 h of culture. Results cumulatively showed that Ch – SPIONs were potential candidates as a cytocompatible and antibacterial agent that can be targeted to biofilm and imaged using an MRI.
Influence of Indian Ocean warming on rainfall of Sri Lanka
Authors: Kajakokulan Pathmarasa , Pathirana Gayan , Dheerasinghe Maheshi , Edirisooriya Indeewari 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent studies have pointed out an increased warming over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) and how such warming could alter the convection and rainfall in the region. In this study, using observational/reanalysis datasets from 1981 to 2020, we show that the early Maha rainfall of Sri Lanka (SL) has been increasing, and it is considerably influenced by the North‐western IO sea surface temperature (SST) increase in the second inter‐monsoon (SIM). A significant warming in the North‐western IO alters the zonal SST gradient and strengthens the low‐level circulation, which induces large‐scale convergence over the western IO during SIM, contributing to the enhancement of rainfall over SL. However, despite the substantial impact of IO warming, the moderate correlation suggests the importance of examining other factors, which may influence the rainfall variability of SL.
Recyclable dynamic imine‐based nonionic surfactants and potential use in postprocessing of eluted emulsions
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Sun Lianlian , Chen Hui , Liu Xuefeng , Fang Yinjun , Zhang Yongmin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecovery of surfactants and retrieval of hydrocarbons from eluted emulsions in surfactant‐enhanced washing are essential to save useful resources and avoid secondary contamination. A novel nonionic surfactant of C6‐DIB‐PEG has been constructed by using a dynamic imine bond (DIB) as the linker between hexyl amine (C6‐NH2) and an aromatic aldehyde modified polyethylene glycol (PEG‐CHO). The results presented in this study reveal that an oil‐in‐water emulsion of tetradecane‐H2O stabilized by C6‐DIB‐PEG is pH‐switched. Upon reaction with HCl, C6‐DIB‐PEG readily converts to its inactive forms C6‐NH3+Cl− and PEG‐CHO when the pH is changed from 12.0 to 4.0, resulting in a complete tetradecane‐water two‐phase separation. Both C6‐NH3+Cl− and PEG‐CHO are insoluble in tetradecane but soluble in water, allowing subsequent retrieval of nearly surfactant‐free tetradecane. Recovery of C6‐DIB‐PEG was enabled by treating aqueous solutions of C6‐NH3+Cl− and PEG‐CHO with NaOH after pH was increased from 4.0 to 12.0. The pH‐switched C6‐DIB‐PEG renders a potential use for oil retrieval and surfactant recovery in the postprocessing of eluted emulsions, as demonstrated by the C6‐DIB‐PEG‐enhanced washing of tetradecane‐contaminated sand. Around 95.2% of the tetradecane and about 99.7% of the C6‐DIB‐PEG were retrieved and recycled over 10 cycles of washing. In addition, the total organic carbon (TOC) of the residual wastewater was remarkably reduced from around 7065.3 to ~54.1 mg L−1 after NaHSO3 treatment followed by ion‐exchange resin and active carbon adsorption.
A strand displacement signal amplification‐assisted fluorescence assay for sensitive detection of microRNA
Authors: Chen Ye , Gao Ruru , Ji Ruoyang , Dong Wei 
Published: May 2023

MicroRNA is a vital biomarker because of its abnormal expression in the emergence and development of diseases, especially in cancers. Herein, a label‐free fluorescent sensing platform is proposed for detecting microRNA‐21, coupled with the cascade toehold‐mediated strand displacement reaction and magnetic beads. Target microRNA‐21 acts as an initiator to trigger the cascade toehold‐mediated strand displacement reaction and it outputs double‐stranded DNA. After magnetic separation, the double‐stranded DNA is intercalated by SYBR Green I, resulting in an amplified fluorescent signal. Under the optimal conditions, a wide linear range (0.5–60 nmol/L) and low limits of detection (0.19 nmol/L) are exhibited. What's more, the biosensor shows great specificity and reliability between microRNA‐21 and other microRNAs involved in cancer (microRNA‐34a, microRNA‐155, microRNA‐10b, and let‐7a). Owing to the properties of fabulous sensitivity, high selectivity, and simplicity of operator, the proposed method paves a promising way for microRNA‐21 detection in cancer diagnosis and biological research.
Advances in Large Gap Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair and Regeneration with Bridging Nerve Guidance Conduits
Authors: Wu Shang , Shen Wen , Ge Xuemei , Ao Fen , Zheng Yan , Wang Yigang , Jia Xiaoni , Mao Yueyang , Luo Yali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury is a common complication of accidents and diseases. The traditional autologous nerve graft approach remains the gold standard for the treatment of nerve injuries. While sources of autologous nerve grafts are very limited and difficult to obtain. Nerve guidance conduits are widely used in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries as an alternative to nerve autografts and allografts. However, the development of nerve conduits does not meet the needs of large gap peripheral nerve injury. Functional nerve conduits can provide a good microenvironment for axon elongation and myelin regeneration. Herein, the manufacturing methods and different design types of functional bridging nerve conduits for nerve conduits combined with electrical or magnetic stimulation and loaded with Schwann cells, etc., are summarized. It summarizes the literature and finds that the technical solutions of functional nerve conduits with electrical stimulation, magnetic stimulation and nerve conduits combined with Schwann cells can be used as effective strategies for bridging large gap nerve injury and provide an effective way for the study of large gap nerve injury repair. In addition, functional nerve conduits provide a new way to construct delivery systems for drugs and growth factors in vivo.
Effects of Secondary Dopant Anions on Emissivity and Related Properties of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
Authors: Dalgleish Jacob L. , Rudd Sam , Jane Marta Llusca , Murphy Peter J. , Mahjoub Reza , Zuber Kamil 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSmart materials that are energy efficient and take up less space are crucial in the development of new technologies. Electrochromic polymers (ECPs) are one such class of materials that actively change their optical behavior in both visible and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. They show promise in a wide range of applications, from active camouflage to smart displays/windows. The full capabilities of ECPs are still yet to be explored, for while their electrochromic properties are well established, their Infrared (IR) modulation is less reported on. This study addresses the potential of ECPs in active IR modulating devices by optimization of Vapor Phase Polymerized poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films via the substitution of its dopant anion. Dynamic ranges denoting emissivity changes between reduced and oxidized states of PEDOT are found across dopants of tosylate, bromide, sulfate, chloride, perchlorate, and nitrate. Relative to the emissivity of reduced (neutral) PEDOT, a range of ±15% is achieved from the doped PEDOT films, and a maximum dynamic range of 0.11 across a 34% change is recorded for PEDOT doped with perchlorate.
Chemo‐proteomics in antimalarial target identification and engagement
Authors: Bailey Brodie L. , Nguyen William , Cowman Alan F. , Sleebs Brad E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHumans have lived in tenuous battle with malaria over millennia. Today, while much of the world is free of the disease, areas of South America, Asia, and Africa still wage this war with substantial impacts on their social and economic development. The threat of widespread resistance to all currently available antimalarial therapies continues to raise concern. Therefore, it is imperative that novel antimalarial chemotypes be developed to populate the pipeline going forward. Phenotypic screening has been responsible for the majority of the new chemotypes emerging in the past few decades. However, this can result in limited information on the molecular target of these compounds which may serve as an unknown variable complicating their progression into clinical development. Target identification and validation is a process that incorporates techniques from a range of different disciplines. Chemical biology and more specifically chemo‐proteomics have been heavily utilized for this purpose. This review provides an in‐depth summary of the application of chemo‐proteomics in antimalarial development. Here we focus particularly on the methodology, practicalities, merits, and limitations of designing these experiments. Together this provides learnings on the future use of chemo‐proteomics in antimalarial development.
Effect of pelvic floor muscle training on female sexual function: A systematic review protocol and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saus‐Ortega Carlos , Sierra‐Garcia Ester , Martínez‐Sabater Antonio , Chover‐Sierra Elena , Ballestar‐Tarín María Luisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo recognize, appraise and summarize the research evidence that has explored the results of pelvic floor muscle training on female sexual function.DesignSystematic review and possible meta‐analysis.MethodologyBetween September and October 2022, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Scopus electronic databases will be searched. We will include RCT's in English, Spanish and Portuguese that investigate the results of pelvic floor muscle training on female sexual function. The data will be extracted by two researchers independently. Risk of bias will be measured from the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The meta‐analysis of the results will be performed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Version 2.ResultsThis systematic review and possible meta‐analysis will contribute significantly to the promotion of pelvic floor health and women's sexual function and to strengthen clinical practice and define other areas of study.
Nondestructive3Dpathology with analysis of nuclear features for prostate cancer risk assessment
Authors: Serafin Robert , Koyuncu Can , Xie Weisi , Huang Hongyi , Glaser Adam K , Reder Nicholas P , Janowczyk Andrew , True Lawrence D , Madabhushi Anant , Liu Jonathan TC 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProstate cancer treatment decisions rely heavily on subjective visual interpretation [assigning Gleason patterns or International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade groups] of limited numbers of two‐dimensional (2D) histology sections. Under this paradigm, interobserver variance is high, with ISUP grades not correlating well with outcome for individual patients, and this contributes to the over‐ and undertreatment of patients. Recent studies have demonstrated improved prognostication of prostate cancer outcomes based on computational analyses of glands and nuclei within 2D whole slide images. Our group has also shown that the computational analysis of three‐dimensional (3D) glandular features, extracted from 3D pathology datasets of whole intact biopsies, can allow for improved recurrence prediction compared to corresponding 2D features. Here we seek to expand on these prior studies by exploring the prognostic value of 3D shape‐based nuclear features in prostate cancer (e.g. nuclear size, sphericity). 3D pathology datasets were generated using open‐top light‐sheet (OTLS) microscopy of 102 cancer‐containing biopsies extractedex vivofrom the prostatectomy specimens of 46 patients. A deep learning‐based workflow was developed for 3D nuclear segmentation within the glandular epithelium versus stromal regions of the biopsies. 3D shape‐based nuclear features were extracted, and a nested cross‐validation scheme was used to train a supervised machine classifier based on 5‐year biochemical recurrence (BCR) outcomes. Nuclear features of the glandular epithelium were found to be more prognostic than stromal cell nuclear features (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.72 versus 0.63). 3D shape‐based nuclear features of the glandular epithelium were also more strongly associated with the risk of BCR than analogous 2D features (AUC = 0.72 versus 0.62). The results of this preliminary investigation suggest that 3D shape‐based nuclear features are associated with prostate cancer aggressiveness and could be of value for the development of decision‐support tools. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Insight into the ionic liquid tetraphenylphosphine salt on the processability improvement for PEEK
Authors: He Huiwen , Ding Hanlin , Zeng Xiaoqiang , Ma Meng , Shi Yanqin , Shi Haibing , Chen Si , Wang Xu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, a high‐temperature resistant ionic liquid ([(Ph)4P]+[N(CF3SO3)2]−) was introduced into PEEK to improve its processing performance. The effect of the IL on the rheology, crystalline, thermal, and mechanical properties of PEEK was analyzed. The rheological results show that the viscosity of PEEK decreases after adding IL, and the complex viscosity of PEEK decreases to 490 Pa s after adding 5 wt% IL, which is 15% lower than that of neat PEEK. Besides, it was found that adding a small amount of IL improved the crystallization ability of PEEK, shortened the crystallization time, and increased the tensile strength of PEEK blends. Additionally, IL has no significant effect on the molecular weight and degradation temperature of PEEK. In summary, adding IL into the PEEK matrix reduces the melt viscosity of PEEK, providing a reference for improving the processing fluidity of PEEK.
Morphology and Performance Enhancement through the Strong Passivation Effect of Amphoteric Ions in Tin‐based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ryu Du Hyeon , Khan Nasir , Park Jong‐Goo , Paik Dooam , Kang Bong Joo , Jeon Nam Joong , Lee Seungjin , Lee Hang Ken , Lee Sang Kyu , Shin Won Suk , Lee Jong‐Cheol , Kim Hyungjun , Hong Ki‐Ha , Im Sang Hyuk , Song Chang Eun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite the optoelectronic similarities between tin and lead halide perovskites, the performance of tin‐based perovskite solar cells remains far behind, with the highest reported efficiency to date being ≈14%. This is highly correlated to the instability of tin halide perovskite, as well as the rapid crystallization behavior in perovskite film formation. In this work, l‐Asparagine as a zwitterion plays a dual role in controlling the nucleation/crystallization process and improving the morphology of perovskite film. Furthermore, tin perovskites with l‐Asparagine show more favorable energy‐level matching, enhancing the charge extraction and minimizing the charge recombination, leading to an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 13.31% (from 10.54% without l‐Asparagine) with remarkable stability. These results are also in good agreement with the density functional theory calculations. This work not only provides a facile and efficient approach to controlling the crystallization and morphology of perovskite film but also offers guidelines for further improved performance of tin‐based perovskite electronic devices.
Non‐Covalent Interaction‐Controlled Site‐Selective C−H Transformations
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSite‐selective C−H transformations are important to obtain desired compounds as single products in a highly efficient manner. However, it is generally difficult to achieve such transformations because organic substrates contain many C−H bonds with similar reactivities. Therefore, the development of practical and efficient methods for controlling site selectivity is highly desirable. The most frequently used strategy is “directing group method”. Although this method is highly effective and promotes site‐selective reactions, it has several limitations. Our group recently reported other methods to achieve site‐selective C−H transformations using non‐covalent interactions between a substrate and a reagent or a catalyst and a substrate (non‐covalent method). In this personal account, the background of site‐selective C−H transformations, our reaction design to achieve site‐selective C−H transformations, and recently reported reactions are explained.