bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated Carbon Emissions Savings With Shifts From In-Person Visits to Telemedicine for Patients With Cancer
Authors: Patel Krupal B. , Gonzalez Brian D. , Turner Kea , Alishahi Tabriz Amir , Rollison Dana E. , Robinson Edmondo , Naso Cristina , Wang Xuefeng , Spiess Philippe E. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceWhile the health care community advocates broadly for climate change policy, medical professionals can look within care practices to assess their contribution to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and provide solutions wherever possible. Telemedicine can help in mitigating climate change by providing care from a distance.ObjectiveTo assess the carbon savings achieved from telemedicine visits.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study of telemedicine visits was conducted at a single-institution National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated comprehensive cancer center. Eligible patients were aged 18 years and above, completed telemedicine visits from April 1, 2020, to June 20, 2021, and had a Florida mailing address documented in their electronic medical record. Groups were divided between those within driving time of 60 minutes (1-way) to the cancer center vs those living beyond 60 minutes of drive time. Data were analyzed between April 2020 and June 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCarbon emission savings from telemedicine, measured in total and average per-visit savings.ResultsA total 49 329 telemedicine visits with 23 228 patients were conducted from April 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. A total 21 489 visits were for patients with driving time of 60 minutes or less (median [IQR] age, 62.0 [52.0-71.0] years; 12 334 [57.4%] female; 1685 [7.8%] Black, 1500 [7.0%] Hispanic, 16 010 [74.5%] non-Hispanic White), while 27 840 visits were for patients with driving time greater than 60 minutes (median [IQR] age, 67.0 [57.0-74.0] years; 14 372 [51.6%] female; 1056 [3.8%] Black, 1364 [5.0%] Hispanic, 22 457 [80.7%] non-Hispanic White). For patients living within a driving time of 60 minutes from the cancer center, 424 471 kg CO2 emissions were saved (mean [SD] emissions savings, 19.8 [9.4] kg CO2 per visit) due to telemedicine—equivalent to 91.5 passenger vehicles driven for 1 year. For patients whose driving distance was greater than 60 minutes, 2 744 248 kg CO2 emissions were saved (mean emissions savings, 98.6 [54.8] kg CO2 per visit)—equivalent to 591 passenger vehicles driven for 1 year.Conclusions and RelevanceUsing a large data set, this cross-sectional analysis highlighted the carbon emissions savings due to telemedicine in oncology. This has important implications in reducing health care–related carbon footprint.
Rates of injury according to a single or comorbid mental illness identified in a large employee database
Authors: Merrill Ray M , Ashton McKay K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
To identify associations between specific types of mental illness (occurring alone or in combination with other mental illness) and (specific and all types) of injury.

Methods
Analyses involve 21 027 employees aged 18–64 insured by Deseret Mutual Benefit Administrator (DMBA), 2020. Nine classifications of mental illness and 12 classifications of injury are considered. Rate ratios are adjusted for age, sex, and marital status.

Results
The rate of injuries is 13.6%. A positive association exists between any mental illness and injury (rate ratio [RR] = 1.74, 95% CI 1.62–1.87). The positive association is consistent across all types of injury, except burns. While having a mental illness tends to positively associate with having an injury (vs. none), it more strongly associates with having two or more types of injury (vs. none). Injury rates are significantly greater when comorbid mental illness is involved (vs. one type of mental illness), more so for multiple types of injuries. Specifically, there is a positive association between having a mental illness (vs. none) and a single type of injury (vs. none) (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.42–1.75) or two or more types of injuries (vs. none) (RR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.70–2.23). Corresponding estimates where comorbid mental illnesses exist (vs. none) are (RR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.70–2.51) and (RR = 3.32, 95% CI 2.64–4.17), respectively. The most common combinations of mental illness that positively associate with injury tend to involve comorbid mental illness.

Conclusions
Several types of mental illness positively associate with injury and are more strongly associated when there is comorbid mental illness.
Vaccinating badgers in a post‐cull landscape; insights from the field
Authors: Benton Clare H. , Phoenix Jessica , Robertson Andrew , Delahay Richard J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

In 2010 the BadgerBCG vaccine was licenced for use in badgers in the United Kingdom to reduce the severity of Mycobacterium bovis infection, and hence the risks of onward transmission to cattle. To date badger vaccination in the United Kingdom has been deployed at a relatively limited spatial scale (compared to the large‐scale badger culls) and almost exclusively in high‐density badger populations which have not been recently culled. UK Government policy direction has moved towards the wider rollout of badger vaccination as an exit strategy following culling.

Field resources required to carry out vaccination in undisturbed badger populations are well documented, but levels of effort are unlikely to be directly transferable to previously culled populations where badger density and social behaviour may be markedly different. We present an evidence‐based assessment of the likely effort required to vaccinate badger populations that have recently been culled, drawing on data from past culling operations, vaccination operations in a previously culled area and the practical field experiences of expert badger trappers.

Trapping efficiency declined over successive years of industry‐led culling, however, this effect was not consistently noted in the government‐run randomized badger culling trial (RBCT). Fewer badgers were removed using cage trapping (compared to ‘controlled shooting’) in the latter years of intensive industry‐led culls.

When trapping badgers for vaccination in areas that had previously been culled, highly experienced government field staff adapted their practices in response to the lower density and likely more mobile residual population. A longer and more variable pre‐baiting period was expected and there was a greater reliance on higher levels of skill and experience in interpreting field signs and trapping effectively in such populations.
Efficient Charge Storage in Zinc–Iodine Batteries based on Pre‐Embedded Iodine‐Ions with Reduced Electrochemical Reaction Barrier and Suppression of Polyiodide Self‐Shuttle Effect
Authors: Gao Wenzheng , Cheng Situo , Zhang Yaxiong , Xie Erqing , Fu Jiecai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAqueous zincIodine batteries are considered as a promising energy storage system due to their high energy/power density, and safety. However, polyiodide shuttling leads to severe active mass loss, which results in lower Coulombic efficiency and limits the cyclic life. Herein, a novel structure‐limiting strategy to pre‐embed iodide ions into Prussian blue (PBI) is proposed. The DFT calculations and electrochemical characterization reveal that the formation of FerrumIodine bond reduces the electrochemical reaction energy barrier of subsequent iodide‐ions at the pre‐embedding sites, improves the I− oxidation reaction kinetic process, and suppresses the polyiodide self‐shuttle. The PBI//Zn batteries exhibit a low Tafel slope (155 mV dec−1). Moreover, UV–vis spectroscopy confirms that the proposed strategy suppresses the polyiodide self‐shuttle. As a result, the PBI//Zn battery achieves high iodide utilization and Coulomb efficiency (242 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, CEs ≈ 100%), as well as high multiplicity performance of 197.2 mAh g−1 even at 10 A g−1(82% of initial capacity). The PBI//Zn battery also renders excellent cyclic stability with a capacity retention of 94% at 4 A g−1 after 1500 cycles. The device exhibits a high energy density of 142 W h kg−1 at a power density of 5538 W kg−1.
Multisized Photoannealable Microgels Regulate Cell Spreading, Aggregation, and Macrophage Phenotype through Microporous Void Space
Authors: Lowen Jeremy M. , Bond Gabriella C. , Griffin Katherine H. , Shimamoto Nathan K. , Thai Victoria L. , Leach J. Kent 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicrogels are an emerging platform for in vitro models and guiding cell fate due to their inherent porosity and tunability. This work describes a light‐based technique for rapidly annealing microgels across a range of diameters. Utilizing 8‐arm poly(ethylene) glycol‐vinyl sulfone, the number of arms available for crosslinking, functionalization, and annealing is stoichiometrically controlled. Small and large microgels are fabricated to explore how microgel diameter impacts void space and the role of porosity on cell spreading, cell aggregation, and macrophage polarization. Mesenchymal stromal cells spread rapidly in both formulations, yet the smaller microgels permit a higher cell density. When seeded with macrophages, the smaller microgels promote an M1 phenotype, while larger microgels promote an M2 phenotype. As another application, the inherent porosity of annealed microgels is leveraged to induce cell aggregation. Finally, the microgels are implanted to examine how different size microgels influence endogenous cell invasion and macrophage polarization. The use of ultraviolet light allows for microgels to be noninvasively injected into a desired mold or wound defect before annealing, and microgels of different properties combined to create a heterogeneous scaffold. This approach is clinically relevant given its tunability and fast annealing time.
Toward the Speed Limit of Phase‐Change Memory
Authors: Shen Jiabin , Song Wenxiong , Ren Kun , Song Zhitang , Zhou Peng , Zhu Min 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhase‐change memory (PCM) is one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation data‐storage technology, the programming speed of which has enhanced within a timescale from milliseconds to sub‐nanosecond (≈500 ps) through decades of effort. As the potential applications of PCM strongly depend on the switching speed, namely, the time required for the recrystallization of amorphous chalcogenide media, the finding of the ultimate crystallization speed is of great importance both theoretically and practically. In this work, through systematic analysis of discovered phase‐change materials and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, elemental Sb‐based PCM is predicted to have a superfast crystallization speed. Indeed, such cells experimentally present extremely fast crystallization speeds within 360 ps. Remarkably, the recrystallization process is further sped up as the device shrinks, and a record‐fast crystallization speed of only 242 ps is achieved in 60 nm‐size devices. These findings open opportunities for dynamic random‐access memory (DRAM)‐like and even cache‐like PCM using appropriate storage materials.
Strong‐Proton‐Adsorption Co‐Based Electrocatalysts Achieve Active and Stable Neutral Seawater Splitting
Authors: Wang Ning , Ou Pengfei , Hung Sung‐Fu , Huang Jianan Erick , Ozden Adnan , Abed Jehad , Grigioni Ivan , Chen Clark , Miao Rui Kai , Yan Yu , Zhang Jinqiang , Wang Ziyun , Dorakhan Roham , Badreldin Ahmed , Abdel‐Wahab Ahmed , Sinton David , Liu Yongchang , Liang Hongyan , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDirect electrolysis of pH‐neutral seawater to generate hydrogen is an attractive approach for storing renewable energy. However, due to the anodic competition between the chlorine evolution and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), direct seawater splitting suffers from a low current density and limited operating stability. Exploration of catalysts enabling an OER overpotential below the hypochlorite formation overpotential (≈490 mV) is critical to suppress the chloride evolution and facilitate seawater splitting. Here, a proton‐adsorption‐promoting strategy to increase the OER rate is reported, resulting in a promoted and more stable neutral seawater splitting. The best catalysts herein are strong‐proton‐adsorption (SPA) materials such as palladium‐doped cobalt oxide (Co3–xPdxO4) catalysts. These achieve an OER overpotential of 370 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in pH‐neutral simulated seawater, outperforming Co3O4 by a margin of 70 mV. Co3–xPdxO4 catalysts provide stable catalytic performance for 450 h at 200 mA cm−2 and 20 h at 1 A cm−2 in neutral seawater. Experimental studies and theoretical calculations suggest that the incorporation of SPA cations accelerates the rate‐determining water dissociation step in neutral OER pathway, and control studies rule out the provision of additional OER sites as a main factor herein.
Entropy‐Driven Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Qidi , Zhao Chenglong , Yao Zhenpeng , Wang Jianlin , Wu Fangting , Kumar Sai Govind Hari , Ganapathy Swapna , Eustace Stephen , Bai Xuedong , Li Baohua , Lu Jun , Wagemaker Marnix 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeveloping liquid electrolytes with higher kinetics and enhanced interphase stability is one of the key challenges for lithium batteries. However, the poor solubility of lithium salts in solvents sets constraints that compromises the electrolyte properties. Here, it is shown that introducing multiple salts to form a high‐entropy solution, alters the solvation structure, which can be used to raise the solubility of specific salts and stabilize electrode–electrolyte interphases. The prepared high‐entropy electrolytes significantly enhance the cycling and rate performance of lithium batteries. For lithium‐metal anodes the reversibility exceeds 99%, which extends the cycle life of batteries even under aggressive cycling conditions. For commercial batteries, combining a graphite anode with a LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode, more than 1000 charge–discharge cycles are achieved while maintaining a capacity retention of more than 90%. These performance improvements with respect to regular electrolytes are rationalized by the unique features of the solvation structure in high‐entropy electrolytes. The weaker solvation interaction induced by the higher disorder results in improved lithium‐ion kinetics, and the altered solvation composition leads to stabilized interphases. Finally, the high‐entropy, induced by the presence of multiple salts, enables a decrease in melting temperature of the electrolytes and thus enables lower battery operation temperatures without changing the solvents.
Thickness‐Dependent Topological Hall Effect in 2D Cr5Si3 Nanosheets with Noncollinear Magnetic Phase
Authors: Li Bailing , Zhang Hongmei , Tao Quanyang , Shen Xiaohua , Huang Ziwei , He Kun , Yi Chen , Li Xu , Zhang Liqiang , Zhang Zucheng , Liu Jialing , Tang Jingmei , Zhou Yucheng , Wang Di , Yang Xiangdong , Zhao Bei , Wu Ruixia , Li Jia , Li Bo , Duan Xidong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAntiferromagnets with noncollinear spin order are expected to exhibit unconventional electromagnetic response, such as spin Hall effects, chiral abnormal, quantum Hall effect, and topological Hall effect. Here, 2D thickness‐controlled and high‐quality Cr5Si3 nanosheets that are compatible with the complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technology are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition method. The angular dependence of electromagnetic transport properties of Cr5Si3 nanosheets is investigated using a physical property measurement system, and an obvious topological Hall effect (THE) appears at a large tilted magnetic field, which results from the noncollinear magnetic structure of the Cr5Si3 nanosheet. The Cr5Si3 nanosheets exhibit distinct thickness‐dependent perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), and the THE only emerges in the specific thickness range with moderate PMA. This work provides opportunities for exploring fundamental spin‐related physical mechanisms of noncollinear antiferromagnet in ultrathin limit.
SARS‐CoV‐2 N Gene‐Targeted Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Sensor Using a Novel CoS‐NGQD/Pt@Pd Platform and Au‐DNA‐CdTe QD Probe
Authors: Selvam Sathish Panneer , Phan Le Minh Tu , Cho Sungbo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRapid screening of individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is necessary to contain contagion in a large population. Nucleic acid‐based gold standard assays are time‐consuming, and nucleic acid amplification is mandatory and expensive, impeding the containment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak. To overcome the aforementioned disadvantages, this study deals with a specially designed gold (Au)‐deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐cadmium telluride (CdTe) quantum dot (QD) probe to target two sections of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of SARS‐CoV‐2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) of three variants (B.1.1.529, B.1.617.2, and B.1.351). A duplex‐specific nuclease (DSN)‐assisted highly selective release of signaling probes enable higher specificity, and an Au‐supported DNA probe is incorporated to carry many CdTe QD signaling probes. After dissolution, the generated Cd2+ ions are quantified at the novel cobalt sulfide (CoS)‐nitrogen‐doped graphene QD (NGQD)/platinum (Pt)@palladium (Pd) electrode with extraordinary sensitivity through square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The developed sensor exhibits a wide range of detection (10 to 108 copies µL−1) and a lower detection limit (0.12 copies µL−1), without any amplification. The selectivity of the sensor is tested against MERS and HCoV‐NL63, and real‐time detection is performed on heat‐inactivated viral samples, which show excellent selectivity.
Dual Encryption in a Shape Memory Hydrogel with Rewritable Fluorescent Information
Authors: Tang Junyi , Xing Tianyu , Feng Jiachun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWith the increasing emphasis on information security, reliable information encryption materials have been urgently desired. Herein, a hydrogel‐based dual encryption platform with self‐erasure function is developed, which exhibits both high‐security level and possibility of reuse. Dual encryption of the hydrogel‐based platform is realized by elegantly combining 2D fluorescent information pre‐written/printed via competitive coordination with pH‐induced shape deformation of the PSSA/PDEAEMA‐APA/Eu3+ hydrogel. On‐demand decryption of the concealed information is realized by immersing the platform in solution of specific pH and exposed to 254 nm irradiation, which fully utilizes simultaneous shape recovery and fluorescence quenching of the hydrogel. With prolong of the immersion time, the carried information self‐erases permanently, which effectively prevents leakage of information to non‐recipient and further ensures information security. Thanks to the reversible pH‐responsive behaviors and repeatable self‐erasure ability, the hydrogel‐based dual encryption platform could recover to a 2D blank plane after decryption and self‐erasure, which is of great potential in high‐security information encryption.
Cyclic Sulfoximine and Sulfonimidamide Derivatives by Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Elemental Sulfur
Authors: Wu Peng , Ward Jas S. , Rissanen Kari , Bolm Carsten 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of α‐bromoaryl NH‐sulfoximines with elemental sulfur lead to benzo[d][1,3,2]dithiazole‐1‐oxides, which represent a new class of three‐dimensional heterocycles. The reactions proceed under mild conditions showing good functional group and heterocycle tolerance. By imination/oxidation, the initial cross‐coupling products can be converted to unprecedented cyclic sulfonimidamides derivatives. Furthermore, a seven‐membered heterocycle was obtained by a ruthenium‐catalyzed ring‐expansion with ethyl propiolate.magnified image
Rational Design of Atomically Dispersed Metal Site Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wan Kechuang , Chu Tiankuo , Li Bing , Ming Pingwen , Zhang Cunman 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFuture renewable energy supply and a cleaner Earth greatly depend on various crucial catalytic reactions for the society. Atomically dispersed metal site electrocatalysts (ADMSEs) have attracted tremendous research interest and are considered as the next‐generation promising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts due to the maximum atom utilization efficiency, tailorable catalytic sites, and tunable electronic structures. Despite great efforts have been devoted to the development of ADMSEs, the systematic summary for design principles of high‐efficiency ADMSEs is not sufficiently highlighted for ORR. In this review, the authors first summarize the fundamental ORR mechanisms for ADMSEs, and further discuss the intrinsic catalytic mechanism from the perspective of theoretical calculation. Then, the advanced characterization techniques to identify the active sites and effective synthesis methods to prepare catalysts for ADMSEs are also showcased. Subsequently, a special emphasis is placed on effective strategies for the rational design of the advanced ADMSEs. Finally, the present challenges to be addressed in practical application and future research directions are also proposed to overcome the relevant obstacles for developing high‐efficiency ORR electrocatalysts. This review aims to provide a deeper understanding for catalytic mechanisms and valuable design principles to obtain the advanced ADMSEs for sustainable energy conversion and storage techniques.
Influence of Microgel and Interstitial Matrix Compositions on Granular Hydrogel Composite Properties
Authors: Muir Victoria G. , Weintraub Shoshana , Dhand Abhishek P. , Fallahi Hooman , Han Lin , Burdick Jason A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGranular hydrogels are an emerging class of biomaterials formed by jamming hydrogel microparticles (i.e., microgels). These materials have many advantageous properties that can be tailored through microgel design and extent of packing. To enhance the range of properties, granular composites can be formed with a hydrogel interstitial matrix between the packed microgels, allowing for material flow and then stabilization after crosslinking. This approach allows for distinct compartments (i.e., microgels and interstitial space) with varied properties to engineer complex material behaviors. However, a thorough investigation of how the compositions and ratios of microgels and interstitial matrices influence material properties has not been performed. Herein, granular hydrogel composites are fabricated by combining fragmented hyaluronic acid (HA) microgels with interstitial matrices consisting of photocrosslinkable HA. Microgels of varying compressive moduli (10–70 kPa) are combined with interstitial matrices (0–30 vol.%) with compressive moduli varying from 2–120 kPa. Granular composite structure (confocal imaging), mechanics (local and bulk), flow behavior (rheology), and printability are thoroughly assessed. Lastly, variations in the interstitial matrix chemistry (covalent vs guest–host) and microgel degradability are investigated. Overall, this study describes the influence of granular composite composition on structure and mechanical properties of granular hydrogels towards informed designs for future applications.