bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of standardization on racial and socioeconomic disparities in non-accidental trauma evaluations in infants in a pediatric emergency department
Authors: Elliott Laura Even , Gittelman Michael A. , Kurowski Eileen M. , Duma Elena M. , Pomerantz Wendy J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Studies have illustrated racial and socioeconomic disparities in evaluation of non-accidental trauma (NAT). We aimed to investigate how implementation of a standardized NAT guideline in a pediatric emergency department (PED) impacted racial and socioeconomic disparities in NAT evaluation.

Results
1199 patients (541 pre- and 658 post-guideline) were included for analysis. Pre-guideline, patients with governmental insurance were more likely than those with commercial insurance to have a social work (SW) consult completed (57.4% vs. 34.7%, p < 0.001) and a Child Protective Services (CPS) report filed (33.4% vs. 13.8%, p < 0.001). Post-guideline, these disparities were still present. There were no differences in race, ethnicity, insurance type, or social deprivation index (SDI) in rates of complete NAT evaluations pre- or post-guideline implementation. Overall adherence to all guideline elements increased from 19.0% before guideline implementation to 53.2% after (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Implementation of a standardized NAT guideline led to significant increase in complete NAT evaluations. Guideline implementation was not associated with elimination of pre-existing disparities in SW consults or CPS reporting between insurance groups.
Safe at home: prevention of pediatric unintentional injuries
Authors: Burch Coleman , Webb Alicia , Jorge Eric , King Bill , Nichols Michele , Monroe Kathy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death in children in the United States. Studies have shown that parent adherence to safety guidelines is improved when education is provided in conjunction with safety equipment.

Methods
This study surveyed parents about specific injury prevention behaviors regarding medication and firearm storage and provided education and safety equipment for safe practice of these behaviors. The project took place in a pediatric emergency department (PED) and partnered with the hospital foundation and the school of medicine. Inclusion criteria were families visiting a freestanding PED in a tertiary care center. Participants completed a survey conducted by a medical student approximately 5 min in length. The student then provided each family with a medication lock box (if children ≤ 5 years old lived in the home), firearm cable lock, and education for safe storage of medications and firearms in the home.

Results
The medical student researcher spent a total of 20 h in the PED from June to August 2021. 106 families were approached to participate in the study, of which 99 agreed to participate (93.4%). A total of 199 children were reached with ages ranging from less than 1 year old to 18 years old. A total of 73 medication lockboxes and 95 firearm locks were distributed. The majority (79.8%) of survey participants were the mother of the patient and 97.0% of participants lived with the patient > 50% of the time. For medication storage, 12.1% of families store medications locked and 71.7% reported never receiving medication storage education from a healthcare professional. Regarding firearms, 65.2% of participants who reported having at least 1 firearm in the home stored firearms locked and unloaded with various methods of storage. 77.8% of firearm owners reported storing ammunition in a separate location from the firearm. Of all participants surveyed, 82.8% reported never receiving firearm storage education from a healthcare professional.

Conclusions
The pediatric ED is an excellent setting for injury prevention and education. Many families are not storing medications and firearms safely, demonstrating a clear opportunity to increase knowledge in families with young children.
Bifurcate evolution of quinone synthetases in basidiomycetes
Authors: Seibold Paula Sophie , Lawrinowitz Stefanie , Raztsou Ihar , Gressler Markus , Arndt Hans-Dieter , Stallforth Pierre , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The terphenylquinones represent an ecologically remarkable class of basidiomycete natural products as they serve as central precursors of pigments and compounds that impact on microbial consortia by modulating bacterial biofilms and motility. This study addressed the phylogenetic origin of the quinone synthetases that assemble the key terphenylquinones polyporic acid and atromentin.

Results
The activity of the Hapalopilus rutilans synthetases HapA1, HapA2 and of Psilocybe cubensis PpaA1 were reconstituted in Aspergilli. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of the culture extracts identified all three enzymes as polyporic acid synthetases. PpaA1 is unique in that it features a C-terminal, yet catalytically inactive dioxygenase domain. Combined with bioinformatics to reconstruct the phylogeny, our results demonstrate that basidiomycete polyporic acid and atromentin synthetases evolved independently, although they share an identical catalytic mechanism and release structurally very closely related products. A targeted amino acid replacement in the substrate binding pocket of the adenylation domains resulted in bifunctional synthetases producing both polyporic acid and atromentin.

Conclusions
Our results imply that quinone synthetases evolved twice independently in basidiomycetes, depending on the aromatic α-keto acid substrate. Furthermore, key amino acid residues for substrate specificity were identified and changed which led to a relaxed substrate profile. Therefore, our work lays the foundation for future targeted enzyme engineering.
Commentary: Advocating for patient and public involvement and engagement in health economic evaluation
Authors: Staniszewska Sophie , Jakab Ivett , Low Eric , Mossman Jean , Posner Phil , Husereau Don , Stephens Richard , Drummond Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Patient and public involvement in health economic evaluation is still relatively rare, compared to other areas of health and social care research. Developing stronger patient and public involvement in health economic evaluation will be important in the future because such evaluations can impact on the treatments and interventions that patients can access in routine care.

Main text
The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) is a reporting guideline for authors publishing health economic evaluations. We established an international group of public contributors who were involved in the update of the CHEERS 2022 reporting guidance, ensuring two items (areas of reporting) specifically about public involvement were included. In this commentary we focus on the development of a guide to support public involvement in reporting, a key suggestion made by the CHEERS 2022 Public Reference Group, who advocated for greater public involvement in health economic evaluation. This need for this guide was identified during the development of CHEERS 2022 when it became apparent that the language of health economic evaluation is complex and not always accessible, creating challenges for meaningful public involvement in key deliberation and discussion. We took the first step to more meaningful dialogue by creating a guide that patient organisations could use to support their members to become more involved in discussions about health economic evaluations.

Conclusions
CHEERS 2022 provides a new direction for health economic evaluation, encouraging researchers to undertake and report their public involvement to build the evidence base for practice and may provide some reassurance to the public that their voice has played a part in evidence development. The CHEERS 2022 guide for patient representatives and patient organisations aims to support that endeavour by enabling deliberative discussions among patient organisations and their members. We recognise it is only a first step and further discussion is needed about the best ways to involve public contributors in health economic evaluation.
In vitro ethno-toxicology of Hunteria umbellata methanol seed and stem extracts against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its molecular implication on swarming and adhesion genes
Authors: Salisu Titilola Fausat , Yahaya Tajudeen Olanrewaju , Fowora Muinah Adenike , Fagbayi Tawakalt Ajoke , Bolarinwa Kehinde Abiola , Owagboriaye Folarin Ojo , Onajobi Ismail Babatunde , Ademola Latifat Aderonke 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Hunteria umbellatta (HU) is a predominant plant with a share of therapeutic properties against various human diseases with no scientific report of its in vitro ethno-toxicology coupled with molecular implication in the literature. This study, therefore, evaluated in vitro toxicological activity and quantification of expression of specific swarming gene, lateral flagellar (Laf A) and adhesion gene (ExsE) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) treated with methanol seed and stem extracts of HU at 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.625, 7.8125, 3.90625 µg/µL concentrations.

Results
The toxicological results of all the eight tested concentrations from as low as 3.90625 µg/µL to as high as 500 µg/µL of HU seed and stem extracts revealed significantly (p ˂ 0.05) uninhibited bacterial growth in a dose-dependent manner compared to controls (positive and negative). The quantity of Laf A and ExsE genes’ expressions in VP was significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) at 500 µg/µL of HU seed and stem compared to control while at 125 µg/µL of the same extract (seed and stem) showed significantly lowered (p ˂ 0.05) expression of swarming and adhesion genes in VP relative to control. Comparative to control, adhesion gene (ExsE) expression in VP significantly increased (p ˂ 0.05) at 250 µg/µL of HU seed and stem extracts.

Conclusions
The results obtained suggest toxicity at varying concentrations and higher concentration dosing of HU seed and stem is harmful as it could lead to increased expression of the gene colonization factor of VP as a major contributory agent of gastroenteritis.
Optimization of aero-engine combustion chambers with the assistance of Hierarchical-Kriging surrogate model based on POD downscaling method
Authors: Tong Shuhong , Ma Yue , Guo Mingming , Tian Ye , Song Wenyan , Wang Heng , Le Jialing , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn view of the long calculation cycle, high processing test and cost of the traditional aero-engine combustion chamber design process, which restricts the engine optimization design cycle, this paper innovatively proposes a surrogate model for the performance of aero-engine combustion chambers based on the POD-Hierarchical-Kriging method. Through experiments, the predicted results of the POD-Hierarchical-Kriging model are compared and analyzed with the calculated results of the one-dimensional program, and the root mean square error of the predicted values of combustion efficiency and total pressure loss is 0.0064% and 0.1995%, respectively. The accuracy of the POD-Hierarchical-Kriging model is compared with the cubic polynomial model, the basic Kriging model and the Hierarchical-Kriging model. It verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the POD-Hierarchical-Kriging model for the prediction of performance of aero-engine combustion chambers. The global sensitivity analysis method is applied to obtain the influence effect of design variables on the performance. Then, a multi-objective optimization method based on the NSGA-II algorithm is studied, and finally the optimal set of Pareto solutions is obtained and analyzed, which can be used to guide the optimal design of aero-engine combustion chambers and accelerate the progress of aero-engine development.
Enough is enough: salvage procedures in severe periprosthetic joint infection
Authors: Gramlich Yves , Parvizi Javad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In severe cases of periprosthetic joint infection involving negative host-dependent factors, individual-based decisions between a curative therapy vs. salvage procedure are necessary. We aimed to review salvage procedures in severe periprosthetic joint infection cases, where a gold standard of a curative two-stage exchange can no longer be achieved. The options of knee arthrodesis, amputation, persistent fistula (stable drainage), or a debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention procedure in late-onset cases are discussed, including lifelong antibiotic suppression alone.

Methods
We focused on known salvage procedures for severe periprosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee, such as amputation, arthrodesis, antibiotic suppression, persistent fistula, and debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention in late-stage infections, and the role of local antibiotics. The current literature regarding indications and outcomes was reviewed.

Results
Whereas a successful single-stage above-knee amputation can be a curative effort in younger patients, this is associated with limited outcome in older patients, as the proportion who receive an exoprosthesis leading to independent mobility is low. Therefore, arthrodesis using an intramedullary modular nail is an option for limb salvage, pain reduction, and preservation of quality of life and everyday life mobility, when revision total knee arthroplasty is not an option. Carrying out a persistent fistula using a stable drainage system, as well as a lifelong antibiotic suppression therapy, can be an option, in cases where no other surgery is possible. Active clinical surveillance should then be carried out. A debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention procedure in combination with local degradable antibiotics can be used and is an encouraging new option, but should not been carried out twice.

Conclusion
Whereas the gold standard in periprosthetic joint infection treatment of late infections remains the exchange of the prosthesis, salvage procedures should be considered in the cases of reduced life expectancy, several recurrences of the infection, patients having preference and negative host factors. In these cases, the appropriate salvage procedure can temporarily lead to remission of the infection and the possibility to maintain mobility.
Ondansetron-induced QT prolongation among various age groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Kamaldeep , Jain Arpit , Panchal Ishita , Madan Hritik , Gupta Anubhav , Sharma Aakanksha , Gupta Surabhi , Kostojchin Anastas , Singh Anmol , Sandhu Ishanjit Singh , Mittal Jayesh , Bhogal Loveleen , Kolli Shiny Teja , Bejugam Vishal Reddy , Chaturvedi Salil , Bhalla Akhil , Piplani Shobhit 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Ondansetron is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 serotonin-receptor antagonist with antiemetic properties used inadvertently in the emergency department for controlling nausea. However, ondansetron is linked with a number of adverse effects, including prolongation of the QT interval. Therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the occurrence of QT prolongation in pediatric, adult, and elderly patients receiving oral or intravenously administered ondansetron.

Methods
A thorough electronic search was conducted on PubMed (Medline) and Cochrane Library from the databases' inception to August 10, 2022. Only those studies were considered in which ondansetron was administered orally or intravenously to participants for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. The prevalence of QT prolongation in multiple predefined age groups was the outcome variable. Analyses were conducted using Review manager 5.4 (Cochrane collaboration, 2020).

Results
A total of 10 studies involving 687 ondansetron group participants were statistically analyzed. The administration of ondansetron was associated with a statistically significant prevalence of QT prolongation in all age groups. An age-wise subgroup analysis was conducted which revealed that the prevalence of QT prolongation among participants younger than 18 years was not statistically significant, whereas it was statistically significant among participants aged 18–50 years and among patients older than 50 years.

Conclusions
The present meta-analysis provides further evidence that oral or intravenous administration of Ondansetron may lead to QT prolongation, particularly among patients older than 18 years of age.
Examining the impact of web-based mindfulness on undergraduate student’s quality of life: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ahmad Farah , El Morr Christo , Ritvo Paul ,   MVC Team, Abbas Sahir , Bohr Yvonne , Ferrari Manuela , Alan Fung Wai Lun , Hartley Louise , Mawani Amin , McKenzie Kwame , Odai Jan E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Evidence shows that mindfulness-based programs reduce levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Yet, web-based mindfulness has been less studied, especially among university students. We developed a student-centered web-based mindfulness virtual community (MVC) intervention informed by cognitive-behavioral-therapy constructs. MVC comprised of (1) 12 online video-based modules (psychoeducation and practice), (2) anonymous peer-to-peer discussion forums, and (3) anonymous, group-based, 20-min live video conferences by a trained moderator. While the intervention was found effective in reducing anxiety and depression in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), the impact on students’ quality of life remained to be examined. The reported study examined the impact of 8-week long web-based MVC intervention on the quality of life of undergraduate students compared to those in the control group. Participants were recruited from a large Canadian university into a two-arm RCT (N = 160) and randomly allocated to the web-based MVC intervention (n = 80) or to the control (n = 80) group. Participants completed online survey at baseline (T1) and at 8-week (T2). The outcome of quality of life was measured by 16-item Quality of Life Scale (QOLS). The generalized estimation equation (GEE) method with AR(1) covariance structures was used, adjusting for potential covariates.

Results
At the baseline 159 students completed the survey. Participants (32 males, 125 females, 2 other gender) had a mean age of 22.6 years, 57.2% were born in Canada. Participants in MVC (n = 79) and control (n = 80) groups were similar in sociodemographic characteristics except hours of volunteer work. At T2 that coincided with students’ exam period, QOLS score for the control group declined while MVC group had a slight increase. Between-group analysis for QOLS score-change showed a significantly higher score at T2 for MVC group compared to the control (81.64, SD = 14.63 vs. 72.9, SD = 17.26, P < 0.001). Per adjusted GEE analysis, the higher QOLS score in MVC compared to the control group was statistically significant ($$\upbeta$$
β
= -2.24, P = .03).

Conclusions
Web-based MVC intervention helped the students to have better quality of life, compared to the control group, at 8-week follow-up despite exam stress. Future research with a longer follow-up would advance understanding.

Trial registration
https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12249616 Registration Date: 21/06/2017.
Brain serotonin 1A receptor binding: relationship to peripheral blood DNA methylation, recent life stress and childhood adversity in unmedicated major depression
Authors: Galfalvy Hanga , Shea Eileen , de Vegvar Jacqueline , Pantazatos Spiro , Huang Yung-yu , Burke Ainsley K. , Sublette M. Elizabeth , Oquendo Maria A. , Zanderigo Francesca , Miller Jeffrey M. , Mann J. John 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundChildhood and lifetime adversity may reduce brain serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission by epigenetic mechanisms.AimsWe tested the relationships of childhood adversity and recent stress to serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor genotype, DNA methylation of this gene in peripheral blood monocytes and in vivo 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (BPF) determined by positron emission tomography (PET) in 13 a priori brain regions, in participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy volunteers (controls).MethodMedication-free participants with MDD (n = 192: 110 female, 81 male, 1 other) and controls (n = 88: 48 female, 40 male) were interviewed about childhood adversity and recent stressors and genotyped for rs6295. DNA methylation was assayed at three upstream promoter sites (−1019, −1007, −681) of the 5-HT1A receptor gene. A subgroup (n = 119) had regional brain 5-HT1A receptor BPF quantified by PET. Multi-predictor models were used to test associations between diagnosis, recent stress, childhood adversity, genotype, methylation and BPF.ResultsRecent stress correlated positively with blood monocyte methylation at the −681 CpG site, adjusted for diagnosis, and had positive and region-specific correlations with 5-HT1A BPF in participants with MDD, but not in controls. In participants with MDD, but not in controls, methylation at the −1007 CpG site had positive and region-specific correlations with binding potential. Childhood adversity was not associated with methylation or BPF in participants with MDD.ConclusionsThese findings support a model in which recent stress increases 5-HT1A receptor binding, via methylation of promoter sites, thus affecting MDD psychopathology.
Acetaldehyde and defective mismatch repair increase colonic tumours in a Lynch syndrome model with Aldh1b1 inactivation
Authors: Cerretelli Guia , Zhou Ying , Müller Mike F. , Adams David J. , Arends Mark J. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
ALDH1B1 expressed in the intestinal epithelium metabolises acetaldehyde to acetate, protecting against acetaldehyde-induced DNA damage. MSH2 is a key component of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway involved in Lynch syndrome (LS)-associated colorectal cancers. Here, we show that defective MMR (dMMR) interacts with acetaldehyde, in a gene/environment interaction, enhancing dMMR-driven colonic tumour formation in a LS murine model of Msh2 conditional inactivation (Lgr5-CreER; Msh2flox/−, or Msh2-LS) combined with Aldh1b1 inactivation. Conditional (Aldh1b1flox/flox) or constitutive (Aldh1b1−/−) Aldh1b1 knockout alleles combined with the conditional Msh2flox/− intestinal knockout mouse model of LS (Msh2-LS) received either ethanol, which is metabolised to acetaldehyde, or water. We demonstrated that 41.7% of ethanol-treated Aldh1b1flox/flox Msh2-LS mice and 66.7% of Aldh1b1−/− Msh2-LS mice developed colonic epithelial hyperproliferation and adenoma formation, in 4.5 and 6 months, respectively, significantly greater than 0% in water-treated control mice. Significantly higher numbers of dMMR colonic crypt foci precursors and increased plasma acetaldehyde levels were observed in ethanol-treated Aldh1b1flox/flox Msh2-LS and Aldh1b1−/− Msh2-LS mice compared with those in water-treated controls. Hence, ALDH1B1 loss increases acetaldehyde levels and DNA damage that interacts with dMMR to accelerate colonic, but not small intestinal, tumour formation.