bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uji kadar formalin, kadar garam dan total bakteri ikan asin tenggiri asal Kabupaten Sarmi Provinsi Papua
Authors: Y. Salosa Yenni 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Food safety is depending on the accurence of a dangerous fisical, chemical and microbiology components. Quality of food with healty and a complete safe nutrient is the most important things in the food material. Because of food that consume influencing people brain and health. The aim of this research was to determine the content of formaldehyde, salt and Total Plate Count of bacteria in the tenggiri salty fish from Sarmi Papua. Formsaldehyde was indentificated by using cromatofat acid method as qualitative and spectrophotometer as quantitative method. Choman method was used to analize salt content. Total Plate Count (TPC) was used for bacterial content analysis. The result showed that Tenggiri salty fish from Sarmi is not contain formaldehyde. About 9.76 % to 16.31 % of salt contant and approximately 24.5 x 10- 5- 49.5 x 10 5 colony/gram of bacterial in total. This conclude that Tenggiri salty fish have already contaminated by bacterial because it’s higher than Standard National Indonesia obligation for fisheries product about 1 x 105 colony/gram. Keywords: Food safety, chemical and microbiology Abstrak. Keamanan pangan ditentukan oleh ada tidaknya komponen yang berbahaya secara fisik, kimia maupun mikrobiologi. Makanan yang sehat dengan kandungan gizi yang lengkap dan aman merupakan syarat mutlak yang harus dipenuhi oleh bahan pangan karena pembangunan manusia yang sehat dan cerdas tidak terlepas dari bahan makanan yang dikonsumsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar formalin, garam serta total bakteri yang terdapat pada produk ikan asin Tenggiri asal Kabupaten Sarmi Provinsi Papua. Identifikasi keberadaan formalin pada ikan asin dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pengujian secara kuantitatif memakai spektrofotometer sedangkan uji kualitatif menggunakan metode Asam Kromatofat. Analisis kadar garam ini menggunakan metode Khoman. Sedangkan pada penentuan keberadaan bakteri dilakukan dengan metode Total Plate Count. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa sampel ikan Tengiri asal Kabupaten Sarmi bebas formalin. Kadar garam dihasilkan rendah berkisar antara 9,76 % - 16,31 % dan Total bakteri yang dihasilkan pada pengenceran 10-5 total bakteri yang ditemukan berkisar antara 24,5 x 10-5- 49,5 x 105 koloni/gram. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa ikan asin tenggiri asal Kabupaten Sarmi telah terkontaminasi bakteri dalam kadar Standart Nasional Indonesia untuk produk perikanan dengan garam yang mensyaratkan Total Plate Count 1 x 105 koloni/gram.Kata kunci: Keamanan pangan, kimia dan mikrobiologi
Penilaian tingkat risiko terumbu karang akibat dampak aktivitas penangkapan ikan dan wisata bahari di Pulau Biawak, Jawa Barat
Authors: Taofiqurohman Ankiq 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Risk assesment of a habitat and its mappingis considerably important in environment appraisal. Biawak Island is a conservation and touristic area, one of its purpose is to bring positive influence to marine resource, both ecologically and economically. Biawak Island is inhibited by coral reefs, where human activities often occurs. Field survey was held during February 2013 in Biawak Island. The observation purpose was to assess coral reef risk in the islandby comparing three marine activities: fishing, diving, and snorkeling. Spatial modelling showed that every coral reef area in Biawak Island had high risk level, especially the southern part. Euclidean calculation result indicated that fishery had been the most influential activity toward coral reef habitat in Biawak Island.Keyword: Biawak Island; Coral reef; Risk assessment. Abstrak . Penilaian risiko terhadap suatu habitat dan pemetaannya sangat penting dalam penilaian keadaan lingkungan. Pulau Biawak merupakan daerah konservasi dan pariwisata, yang salah satu tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan dampak positif pada sumber daya laut baik ekologi maupun ekonomi. Pulau Biawak dikelilingi oleh terumbu karang dan banyak aktivitas manusia terjadi pada terumbu karang tersebut.Survey lapangan telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2013 di Pulau Biawak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai risiko terumbu karang di Pulau Biawak, dengan membandingkan tiga aktivitas kelautan yaitu penangkapan ikan, menyelam dan snorkeling. Pemodelan spasial menunjukan bahwa semua kawasan terumbu karang di Pulau Biawak pada tingkat kondisi risiko tinggi, terutama di daerah selatan. Hasil perhitungan Euclidean menunjukan bahwa kegiatan penangkapan ikan memberikan dampak yang paling tinggi terhadap habitat terumbu karang di Pulau BiawakKata kunci: Pulau Biawak; Terumbu karang; penilaian risiko.
Penggunaan berbagai asam organik dan bakteri asam laktat terhadap nilai nutrisi limbah ikan
Authors: Handajani Hany , Dwi Hastuti Sri , . Sujono 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Fish silage is a liquid product from fish by product preserved in acid, and could potentially be used as feedstuff. The fish sialge can be produced through both biological andchemical methods, however to date the the quality of result was low, therefore this study was crucially needed. The research objective was to acquire the right method to improve the nutritional quality of fish silage and produce cheap fish feed ingredients. The factorial completely randomized design was used in the study. The first treatment was the effect of various types of organic acids (formic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, citric acid, acetic acid) and LAB (Lactobacillus casei) to fish silage quality. The second treatment was the effect fermentation time (3, 7 and 14 days) to fish silage quality. The results showed that the highest protein content (45.95%) was occured on treatment using L. casei with fermentation time of 14 days. The highest fat content (5.87%) wasfound on treatment using L. casei with fermentation time of 14 days. In addition, the lower protein content (30.02%) is occured on treatment using propionic acid with fermentation time of 3 days, while the lowest fat content (4.77%) was occured on treatment using benzoic acid with fermentation time of 3 days. It was concluded that the best quality of fish silage was occured on treatment using L. casei with fermentation time of 14 days.Keywords : fish silage; organic acid; LAB Abstrak. Silase ikan merupakan produk cair dari ikan-ikan yang terbuang/rucah yang diawetkan dalam suasana asam, dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan. Pembuatan silase ikan dapat dilakukan dengan cara biologis maupun kimia, dan sampai saat ini belum didapatkan metode yang optimal, sehingga mendapatkan kualitas silase ikan yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh teknologi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi silase limbah ikan dan menghasilkan bahan baku pakan ikan yang murah, mudah didapat dan berkualitas. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial. Perlakuan pertama adalah pemberian berbagai jenis asam organik (asam formiat, asam propionat, asam benzoat, asam sorbat, asam sitrat, asam asetat) dan BAL (Lactobacillus casei). Perlakuan kedua adalah waktu fermentasi (3, 7 dan 14 hari). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan protein tertinggi (45,95%) pada silase ikan menggunakan L. casei, waktu fermentasi 14 hari. Kandungan lemak tertinggi (5,87%) pada silase ikan menggunakan L. casei, waktu fermentasi 14 hari. Kandungan protein terendah (30,02%) pada silase ikan dengan menggunakan asam propionat waktu fermentasi 3 hari, kandungan lemak terendah (4,77%) pada silase ikan menggunakan asam benzoat waktu fermentasi 3 hari. Pembuatan silase ikan yang terbaik adalah dengan cara biologis menggunakan BAL (L. casei) dan waktu fermentasi 14 hari.Kata kunci :silase ikan; asam organik; BAL
Kajian beberapa karakteristik siklon tropis (kasus topan Choi-wan dan Nida di lautan Pasifik Utara bagian barat)
Authors: Asrianti Putri , Bey Ahmad , Ilhamsyah Yopi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The objective of the research is to analyze the frequency of Tropical Cyclone between 2007-2011 and to analyze Typhoon Choi-wan and Typhoon Nida. Geographical location of the research is between 30-195E, 15-180W dan 60-60N. Tropical cyclone is a cyclonic originates from tropical oceans and is driven principally by heat transfer from the ocean. Tropical region is an area that receives more intensive solar radiation, so that sea surface temperature is relatively higher then in the pole. High sea surface temperature drive then a low pressure to form which can lead to tropical cyclone that begins with a tropical disturbance and tropical depression, tropical storms and then tropical cyclones. Frequencies of Tropical cyclone occurrences over northern hemisphere are 320 events which are higher than frequencies of tropical cyclone over southern hemisphere, i.e., 132 occasions. Tropical cyclones are analogues to Carnot heat engines. The size of the energy can be expressed as the total entropy s per unit of air mass and its mechanical energy. Carnot cycle is a closed process. During the cycle entropy is produce near sea level where the sea surface temperature is warm and it will be loss near the top of the clouds where the temperature is cold. Carnot cycle in tropical cyclones can produce mechanical energy. Typhoon Choi-wan and Nida produced mechanical energy of 14790.72 J/kg and 13297.28 J/kg, respectively.Keywords : Carnot cycle; Mechanical energy; Tropical cycloneAbstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis frekuensi kejadian siklon tropis antara tahun 2007-2011 dan menganalisis Topan Choi-wan dan Topan Nida. Domain geografi pada penelitian ini yaitu 30-195˚BT, 15-180˚BB dan 60-60˚LU. Siklon tropis adalah gerakan siklonik yang berasal dari lautan tropik dan digerakkan oleh transfer panas dari lautan. Daerah tropika merupakan daerah yang lebih intensif menerima radiasi matahari, sehingga suhu permukaan laut di daerah tropika lebih tinggi daripada di daerah kutub. Ketika suhu permukaan laut tinggi maka terbentuk pusat tekanan rendah yang dapat memicu terjadinya siklon tropis yang dimulai dengan gangguan tropis lalu depresi tropis, badai tropis selanjutnya terjadi siklon tropis. Frekuensi kejadian siklon tropis di BBU adalah 320 kejadian lebih besar daripada frekuensi kejadian siklon tropis di BBS yaitu 132 siklon tropis. Siklon tropis dianalogikan sebagai mesin Carnot. Ukuran dari energi dapat dihitung melalui total entropi s per unit masa udara dan energi mekanik dari siklon tersebut. Siklus Carnot merupakan proses tertutup. Selama siklus tersebut berlangsung entropi diperoleh dekat permukaan laut dengan suhu yang hangat, dan entropi dapat hilang di dekat awan bagian atas karena suhu awan semakin dingin. Siklus Carnot pada siklon tropis dapat menghasilkan energi mekanik. Energi mekanik siklon tropis Choi-wan yaitu 14790,72 J/kg dan siklon tropis Nida yaitu 13297,28 J/kg.Kata kunci : Siklus Carnot; Energi mekanik; Siklon tropis
Sensitivity and predictive value of dysentery in diagnosing shigellosis among under five children in Zambia
Authors: Miti Sam , Chilyabanyama Obvious N. , Chisenga Caroline C. , Chibuye Mwelwa , Bosomprah Samuel , Mumba Chisenga , Chitondo Salome , Siziya Seter , Cohen Dani , Chilengi Roma , Simuyandi Michelo 
Published: February 2023

Background
Shigella is a leading cause of bacterial diarrhea morbidity and mortality affecting mainly children under five in the developing world. In Zambia, Shigella has a high prevalence of 34.7% in children with diarrhea and an attributable fraction of 6.7% in Zambian children with moderate to severe diarrhea. Zambian diarrhea management guidelines and the health ministry reporting tool Health Management Information System (HMIS) heavily rely on the WHO clinical classification of dysentery to potentially identify and estimate the burden of Shigella in children. This reliance on clinical dysentery as a proxy to shigellosis in under five children may be resulting in gross under-estimation of shigella disease burden in Zambia.

Methods
We used existing laboratory and clinical data to examine the sensitivity and predictive value of dysentery to correctly identify Shigella infection in under five children with PCR confirmed Shigella infection in Lusaka and Ndola districts, Zambia.

Results
Clinical dysentery had a sensitivity of 8.5% (34/401) in identifying under five children with Shigella by stool PCR. Dysentery was able to correctly classify Shigella in 34 of 68 bloody stool samples giving a corresponding positive predictive value of 50%. Of the 1087 with non-bloody diarrhea, 720 did not have Shigella giving a negative predictive value of 66.2%.

Conclusions
Use of clinical dysentery as a screening symptom for Shigella infection in children under five presenting with moderate to severe diarrhea has low sensitivity and low positive predictive value respectively. Clinical dysentery as a screening symptom for Shigella contributes to gross under diagnosis and reporting of Shigella infection among under five children in Zambia. Further research is required to better inform practice on more accurate methods or tools to use in support of routine diagnosis, particularly in low middle-income settings where laboratory diagnosis remains a challenge.
Acceptability of risk stratification within population-based cancer screening from the perspective of healthcare professionals: A mixed methods systematic review and recommendations to support implementation
Authors: Taylor Lily C. , Law Katie , Hutchinson Alison , Dennison Rebecca A. , Usher-Smith Juliet A. 
Published: February 2023

Background
Introduction of risk stratification within population-based cancer screening programmes has the potential to optimise resource allocation by targeting screening towards members of the population who will benefit from it most. Endorsement from healthcare professionals is necessary to facilitate successful development and implementation of risk-stratified interventions. Therefore, this review aims to explore whether using risk stratification within population-based cancer screening programmes is acceptable to healthcare professionals and to identify any requirements for successful implementation.

Methods
We searched four electronic databases from January 2010 to October 2021 for quantitative, qualitative, or primary mixed methods studies reporting healthcare professional and/or other stakeholder opinions on acceptability of risk-stratified population-based cancer screening. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data were analysed using the Joanna Briggs Institute convergent integrated approach to mixed methods analysis and mapped onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research using a ‘best fit’ approach. PROSPERO record CRD42021286667.

Results
A total of 12,039 papers were identified through the literature search and seven papers were included in the review, six in the context of breast cancer screening and one considering screening for ovarian cancer. Risk stratification was broadly considered acceptable, with the findings covering all five domains of the framework: intervention characteristics, outer setting, inner setting, characteristics of individuals, and process. Across these five domains, key areas that were identified as needing further consideration to support implementation were: a need for greater evidence, particularly for de-intensifying screening; resource limitations; need for staff training and clear communication; and the importance of public involvement.

Conclusions
Risk stratification of population-based cancer screening programmes is largely acceptable to healthcare professionals, but support and training will be required to successfully facilitate implementation. Future research should focus on strengthening the evidence base for risk stratification, particularly in relation to reducing screening frequency among low-risk cohorts and the acceptability of this approach across different cancer types.
Orthostatic hypotension and neurocognitive disorders in older women: Results from the EPIDOS cohort study
Authors: Duval Guillaume T. , Schott Anne-Marie , Rolland Yves , Gautier Jennifer , Blain Hubert , Duque Gustavo , Annweiler Cedric 
Published: February 2023

Background
Although it is well-admitted that cardiovascular health affects cognition, the association between orthostatic hypotension (OH) and cognition remains unclear. The objectives of the present study were i) to determine among the EPIDOS cohort (EPIdémiologie de l’OStéoporose) whether OH was cross-sectionally associated with cognitive impairment at baseline, and ii) whether baseline OH could predict incident cognitive decline after 7 years of follow-up.

Methods
Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure (SBP and DBP) changes while standing (ie, ΔSBP and ΔDBP, in %) were measured at baseline among 2,715 community-dwelling older women aged 75 years and older using no antihypertensive drugs from the French EPIDOS cohort. OH was defined as a decrease in SBP ≥20 mmHg and/or a decrease in DBP ≥10 mmHg within 3 min after standing. Cognitive impairment was defined as a Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) score <8 (/10). Among those without cognitive impairment at baseline, a possible incident onset of cognitive decline was then sought after 7 years of follow-up among 257 participants.

Results
Baseline ΔSBP was associated with baseline cognitive impairment (adjusted OR = 1.01, p = 0.047), but not with incident onset of cognitive decline after 7 years (adjusted OR = 0.98, p = 0.371). Neither baseline OH nor baseline ΔDBP were associated with cognitive impairment neither at baseline (p = 0.426 and p = 0.325 respectively) nor after 7 years (p = 0.180 and p = 0.345 respectively).

Conclusions
SBP drop while standing, but neither OH per se nor DBP drop while standing, was associated with baseline cognitive impairment in older women. The relationship between OH and cognitive impairment appears more complex than previously expected.
Visualization and quantification of coconut using advanced computed tomography postprocessing technology
Authors: Lin Shenghuang , Zhang Yu , Luo Li’an , Huang Mengxing , Cao Hongxing , Hu Jinyue , Sun Chengxu , Chen Jing 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive examination tool that is widely used in medicine. In this study, we explored its value in visualizing and quantifying coconut.

Materials and methods
Twelve coconuts were scanned using CT for three months. Axial CT images of the coconuts were obtained using a dual-source CT scanner. In postprocessing process, various three-dimensional models were created by volume rendering (VR), and the plane sections of different angles were obtained through multiplanar reformation (MPR). The morphological parameters and the CT values of the exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp, embryo, bud, solid endosperm, liquid endosperm, and coconut apple were measured. The analysis of variances was used for temporal repeated measures and linear and non-linear regressions were used to analyze the relationship between the data.

Results
The MPR images and VR models provide excellent visualization of the different structures of the coconut. The statistical results showed that the weight of coconut and liquid endosperm volume decreased significantly during the three months, while the CT value of coconut apple decreased slightly. We observed a complete germination of a coconut, its data showed a significant negative correlation between the CT value of the bud and the liquid endosperm volume (y = −2.6955x + 244.91; R2 = 0.9859), and a strong positive correlation between the height and CT value of the bud (y = 1.9576 ln(x) −2.1655; R2 = 0.9691).

Conclusion
CT technology can be used for visualization and quantitative analysis of the internal structure of the coconut, and some morphological changes and composition changes of the coconut during the germination process were observed during the three-month experiment. Therefore, CT is a potential tool for analyzing coconuts.
Postoperative complications and hospital costs following open radical cystectomy: A retrospective study
Authors: Weinberg Laurence , Aitken Sarah Aishah Azlina , Kaldas Peter , Fletcher Luke , Lloyd-Donald Patryck , Le Peter , Do Daniel , Caruana Carla Borg , Walpole Dominic , Ischia Joseph , Ma Ronald , Tan Chong Oon , Lee Dong-Kyu 
Published: February 2023

Objectives
To evaluate primarily the relationship between postoperative complications and hospital costs, and secondarily the relationship between postoperative complications and mortality, following radical cystectomy.

Methods
Postoperative complications were retrospectively examined for 147 patients undergoing radical cystectomy at a university hospital between January 2012 and July 2021. Complications were defined and graded using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. In-hospital cost was calculated using an activity-based costing methodology. Regression modelling was used to investigate the relationships among a priori selected perioperative variables, complications, and costs. The effect of complications on postoperative mortality was ascertained using time-dependent coefficients in a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results
135 (92%) patients experienced one or more postoperative complications. The medians of hospital cost for patients who experienced no complications and those who experienced complications were $42,796.3 (29,222.9–53,532.5) and $81,050.1 (49,614.8–122,533.6) respectively, p < 0.001. Hospital costs were strongly associated with complication severity: Clavien-Dindo grade II complications increased costs by 45.2% (p < 0.001, 95% CI 19.1%–76.6%), and Clavien-Dindo grade III to V complications increased costs by 107.5% (p < 0.001, 95% CI 52.4%–181.8%). Each additional count of complication and increase in Clavien-Dindo complication grade increased the risk of mortality 1.28-fold (RR = 1.28, p = 0.006, 95% CI 1.08–1.53) and 2.50-fold (RR = 2.50, p = 0.012 95% CI 1.23–5.07) respectively.

Conclusions
These findings demonstrate a high prevalence of complications following cystectomy and significant associated increases in hospital costs and mortality. Postoperative complications are a key target for cost-containment strategies.

Trial registration
Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN:12622000057785.
More Inebra: An unnoticed meaning of PIE √*kelH and a bit more
Authors: Manaster-Ramer Alexis 
Published: February 2023

In this contribution I focus on a number of Indo-European (mostly Latin
and Greek but also Celtic et al.) etymologies, mostly brand new, but they
are intended as a demonstration of a basic difference in methodology between
the dominant approach to historical linguistics (which I feel is often
atomistic, formalistic, mechanistic, and perhaps above all heavily
politicized and ruled by double standards). As I suggest, a different
approach may lead not just to massive changes in our understanding of the
traditionally recognized language groupings, but also to a new appreciation
of the problem of possible deeper, more ancient groupings (such as Altaic or
Nostratic). And that in two ways. One is the necessary wholesale reworking
of the reconstructions of the universally recognized proto-languages (and
here the semantics even more than anything else). The other is the
development of a rather different methodology that would first be tested on
uncontroversial language families before being let loose on those whose
status has remained in limbo in some cases for more than a century.