bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sinomenine improves renal fibrosis by regulating mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes and affecting autophagy levels
Authors: Gu Hongping , Li Jinrong , Ni Yuehan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study attempts to investigate the therapeutic effect of sinomenine on renal fibrosis and its mechanism.MethodsThe 8‐week‐old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into sham group, UUO model group, UUO sinomenine group (UUO + Sino 50), UUO + sinomenine group (UUO + Sino 100), UUO + exosome group (exo), and UUO + exo‐inhibitor. The pathological changes of kidney were observed by H&E staining, the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis was detected by MASSON and Sirius red staining, and the expressions of fibrosis and autophagy markers were detected by real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR and WB. NTA and electron microscopy were used to analyze exo secretion after sinomenine treatment.ResultsSinomenine could improve the progression of renal fibrosis without causing tissue damage including heart, lungs and liver. Sinomenine could promote autophagosome formation. It could promote the secretion of exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Sinomine regulates the PI3K‐AKT pathway through BMSC‐exo carrying miR‐204‐5p, affecting autophagy level and alleviating the process of renal fibrosis.ConclusionOur study suggests that sinomine could improve the progression of renal fibrosis by influencing the expression of miR‐204‐5p in BMSC‐exo and regulating the PI3K‐AKT pathway.
Functionally graded cylinders: Vibration analysis
Authors: Vatulyan Alexander O. , Dudarev Vladimir V. , Mnukhin Roman M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe problems of steady‐state and free oscillations of functionally graded hollow cylinders are considered in the present article, with the cylinders' properties considered changing along the radial or longitudinal coordinates. The stress–strain state was described using the model of an isotropic body with the variable Lamé parameters and density. The cylinders were assumed to be subjected to the normal and tangential loads. In order to obtain the numerical problem solutions, the finite element method was employed. The effect of variable properties on the amplitude–frequency characteristics and the resonant frequencies values for various cylinders types is estimated. Some features, which can be used in solving new inverse coefficient problems on material properties identification based on acoustic sounding data, are revealed.
Women’s Pathways in the History of Spanish Archaeology: A New Synthesis
Authors: Díaz-Andreu Margarita 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is difficult to find women in the histories of archaeology, and those dealing with Spain are no exception. In the last few years, the ArqueólogAs project has dedicated its efforts to finding the women who once populated Spanish archaeology and are now forgotten. A recent survey seeking them out revealed that more than 250 female archaeologists born before 1950 are waiting to be remembered. However, their position in the discipline’s history cannot be reclaimed without critically analyzing the obstacles they encountered, ultimately leaving them out of archaeology’s general histories. Their absence should lead us to reflect on how disciplinary chronicles are written. Thus, this chapter reconstructs the multiple histories and biographies of women in Spanish archaeology.
Women’s Contributions to Archaeology in Germany Since the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Gutsmiedl-Schümann Doris , Koch Julia Katharina , Bösl Elsbeth 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWomen have been active participants in archaeology and derivative tasks in museums, universities, and cultural heritage since the nineteenth century. The contributions of women to archaeology in Germany were often overlooked. These women contributed strongly to the development of archaeology as a discipline since they were granted access to study at universities in 1908 throughout the German Empire. Since the 1980s, women are no longer considered a busy minority in archaeology working in the background. Women have looked after important museum collections, built and developed institutions, and shaped the research directions of university institutes. One encounters female archaeologists in all phases of research history who have shaped the profession in Germany and other countries. Therefore, this chapter describes the structural challenges women in archaeology have faced within different German educational and political systems since the nineteenth century.
Dossier Novels: The Reader as Detective
Authors: Link Sarah J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines lists in the context of dossier novels and uses Charles Warren Adams’s The Notting Hill Mystery (1865) and the Murder Dossier novels (1936–1939) by J.G. Links and Dennis Wheatley as case studies. The chapter shows how the dossier format relies on list-based structures, such as footnotes, tables of contents, suspect profiles, and inventories to involve the reader in tracking and (re-)organizing information. The Murder Dossiers take this trend to the extreme by including game-like features such as material pieces of evidence that readers are asked to physically examine. The communicative situation in all dossiers discussed in this chapter has the reader take on the role of the addressee of the text and imparts on them not only the power but also the (implied) responsibility to solve the crime.
Lists and Knowledge
Authors: Link Sarah J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter takes a closer look at the character Sherlock Holmes in both Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes stories and the BBC show Sherlock (2010–2017). Both versions of Sherlock Holmes capitalize on the affordances of visibility and comprehensiveness inherent in the form of the list. These affordances of the list allow the characters to make the mere reference to the bodies of knowledge they draw on stand in for the knowledge itself. Doyle’s detective uses the list-like paper technologies of sorting, selecting, and summarizing and the frequent mentioning of reference works to create the illusion that his deductions are based on a sound method. The BBC’s Sherlock makes use of the Internet in a similar list-based manner. Since visualization, simplification, and spatialization are central elements of this strategy of replacing tangible evidence with mere references, the chapter examines similarities between the cognitive processes at work when we read lists and maps—two forms that share these affordances.
Conclusion: Models of Knowledge in Detective Fiction
Authors: Link Sarah J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter highlights how the various conceptions of knowledge discussed in the previous chapters are inseparable from the roles the novels assign to their readers and from the lists and list-like devices that are crucial to defining those roles. It draws together the previous chapters’ findings about the affordances and functions that lists take within the genre of detective fiction, and it points out how epistemological concerns are closely linked to the forms that transport them and to the ubiquitous form of the list in particular.
Propagators and widths of physical and purely virtual particles in a finite interval of time
Authors: Anselmi Damiano 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the free and dressed propagators of physical and purely virtual particles in a finite interval of time τ and on a compact space manifold Ω, using coherent states. In the free-field limit, the propagators are described by the entire function (ez– 1 – z)/z2, whose shape on the real axis is similar to the one of a Breit-Wigner function, with an effective width around 1/τ. The real part is positive, in agreement with unitarity, and remains so after including the radiative corrections, which shift the function into the physical half plane. We investigate the effects of the restriction to finite τ on the problem of unstable particles vs resonances, and show that the muon observation emerges from the right physical process, differently from what happens at τ = ∞. We also study the case of purely virtual particles, and show that, if τ is small enough, there exists a situation where the geometric series of the self-energies is always convergent. The plots of the dressed propagators show testable differences: while physical particles are characterized by the usual, single peak, purely virtual particles are characterized by twin peaks.
Generalised Known Kinematics (GKK): an approach for kinematic observables in pair production events with decays involving invisible particles
Authors: Kraetzschmar Thomas M. G. , Krinner Fabian M. , Pfaff Marvin , Rad Navid K. , Rostomyan Armine , Schlechter Lorenz , Simon Frank 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Missing kinematic information of known invisible particles, such as neutrinos, limit several high-energy physics analysis. The undetected particle carries away momentum and energy information, preventing the total reconstruction of such an event. This paper presents a new method to handle this missing information, referred to as the Generalised Known Kinematics (GKK) approach. Its event-by-event probability density distributions that describe the physically allowed kinematics of an event. For GKK, we consider the available kinematic information and constraints given by the assumed final state. Summing these event-wise distributions over large data sets allows the determination of parameters that influence the event kinematics. Examples are particle masses obscured by the missing information on the invisible final-state particles. The method is demonstrated in simulation studies with τ+τ− events in e+e− collisions at the Υ (4S) resonance, presenting a new, promising approach for measuring the τ lepton mass.
Open strings in IIB orientifold reductions
Authors: Balaguer Juan Ramón , Dibitetto Giuseppe , Fernández-Melgarejo Jose J. , Ruipérez Alejandro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We consider type IIB compactifications on a general 4D group manifold with different types of possible spacetime filling O-planes and the corresponding D-branes parallel to them. Once fluxes allowed by the associated orientifold projection are included, a 6D 𝒩 = (1, 1) gauged supergravity is obtained. In this paper we show how the consistent coupling to dynamical open strings living on the spacetime filling D-branes may be captured by the inclusion of extra vector multiplets and extra embedding tensor deformations on the gauged supergravity side. As a result, the quadratic constraints on the embedding tensor consistently reproduce the source corrected 10D Bianchi identities. Furthermore, the field strength modifications induced by the open string sector could potentially be understood as U-dual versions of the Green-Schwarz terms. Finally, the entire scalar potential of the theory exactly matches the one obtained from reduction of the bulk action plus the source contributions.
Bulk Landau pole and unitarity of dual conformal field theory
Authors: Sachs Ivo , Vanhove Pierre 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The singlet sector of the O(N) ϕ4-model in AdS4 at large-N, gives rise to a dual conformal field theory on the conformal boundary of AdS4, which is a deformation of the generalized free field. We identify and compute an AdS4 three-point one-loop fish diagram that controls the exact large-N dimensions and operator product coefficients (OPE) for all “double trace” operators as a function of the renormalized ϕ4-couplings. We find that the space of ϕ4-coupling is compact with a boundary at the bulk Landau pole. The dual CFT is unitary only in an interval of negative couplings bounded by the Landau pole where the lowest OPE coefficient diverges.
Syzygy Bundles of Non-complete Linear Systems: Stability and Rigidness
Authors: Miró-Roig Rosa M. , Salat-Moltó Martí 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLet (X, L) be a polarized smooth projective variety. For any basepoint-free linear system $$\mathcal {L}_{V}$$

L
V

with $$V\subset {{\,\textrm{H}\,}}^{0}(X,\mathcal {O}_{X}(L))$$

V
⊂

H

0

(
X
,

O
X

(
L
)

)

, we consider the syzygy bundle $$M_{V}$$

M
V

as the kernel of the evaluation map $$V\otimes \mathcal {O}_{X}\rightarrow \mathcal {O}_{X}(L)$$

V
⊗

O
X

→

O
X

(
L
)

. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, we assume that $$M_{V}$$

M
V

is L-stable and prove that, in a wide family of projective varieties, it represents a smooth point $$[M_{V}]$$

[

M
V

]

in the corresponding moduli space $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
. We compute the dimension of the irreducible component of $$\mathcal {M}$$
M
passing through $$[M_{V}]$$

[

M
V

]

and whether it is an isolated point. It turns out that the rigidness of $$[M_{V}]$$

[

M
V

]

is closely related to the completeness of the linear system $$\mathcal {L}_{V}$$

L
V

. In the second part of the paper, we address a question posed by Brenner regarding the stability of $$M_{V}$$

M
V

when V is general enough. We answer this question for a large family of polarizations of $$X=\mathbb {P}^{m}\times \mathbb {P}^{n}$$

X
=

P

m

×

P

n

.
Socioeconomic aspects of incretin-based therapy
Authors: Karagiannis Thomas , Bekiari Eleni , Tsapas Apostolos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIncretin-based therapies, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), have demonstrated cardiovascular benefits in people with type 2 diabetes. However, socioeconomic disparities in their uptake may constrain the collective advantages offered by these medications to the broader population. In this review we examine the socioeconomic disparities in the utilisation of incretin-based therapies and discuss strategies to address these inequalities. Based on real-world evidence, the uptake of GLP-1 RAs is reduced in people who live in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, have low income and education level, or belong to racial/ethnic minorities, even though these individuals have a greater burden of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Contributing factors include suboptimal health insurance coverage, limited accessibility to incretin-based therapies, financial constraints, low health literacy and physician–patient barriers such as provider bias. Advocating for a reduction in the price of GLP-1 RAs is a pivotal initial step to enhance their affordability among lower socioeconomic groups and improve their value-for-money from a societal perspective. By implementing cost-effective strategies, healthcare systems can amplify the societal benefits of incretin-based therapies, alongside measures that include maximising treatment benefits in specific subpopulations while minimising harms in vulnerable individuals, increasing accessibility, enhancing health literacy and overcoming physician–patient barriers. A collaborative approach between governments, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare providers and people with diabetes is necessary for the effective implementation of these strategies to enhance the overall societal benefits of incretin-based therapies.
Graphical Abstract
Taking AI risks seriously: a new assessment model for the AI Act
Authors: Novelli Claudio , Casolari Federico , Rotolo Antonino , Taddeo Mariarosaria , Floridi Luciano 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) defines four risk categories: unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal. However, as these categories statically depend on broad fields of application of AI, the risk magnitude may be wrongly estimated, and the AIA may not be enforced effectively. This problem is particularly challenging when it comes to regulating general-purpose AI (GPAI), which has versatile and often unpredictable applications. Recent amendments to the compromise text, though introducing context-specific assessments, remain insufficient. To address this, we propose applying the risk categories to specific AI scenarios, rather than solely to fields of application, using a risk assessment model that integrates the AIA with the risk approach arising from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and related literature. This integrated model enables the estimation of AI risk magnitude by considering the interaction between (a) risk determinants, (b) individual drivers of determinants, and (c) multiple risk types. We illustrate this model using large language models (LLMs) as an example.
Deep learning-driven precision control of dilution rate in multi-pass laser cladding: experiment and simulation
Authors: Zhu Shichao , Xia Wenzhen , Kamali Hamidreza , Ouyang Linhan , Xie Lingling , Huang Zhenyi , Jiang Zhengyi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe continuous energy input can lead to heat accumulation in the multi-pass lap laser cladding, which results in a progressive increase in the dilution rate and deteriorates the quality of laser cladding. Precisely controlling the stability of the dilution in the multi-pass laser cladding is still challenging. In this study, we proposed a deep-learning driven method for precisely controlling the dilution rate in the multi-pass laser cladding. Initially, the relationship between the dilution rate and power energy is retracted via the experiment-based finite element simulation. Subsequently, the convolution neural network deep learning is applied to optimize and improve the accuracy of the dilution rates in the cladding layer. The experiment verifies that the high stability of dilution rate in each pass, i.e., average errors of less than 10.88%, is achieved via in-situ adjusting of the power energy using the prediction obtained from the proposed method. We also attempted to provide insights into the dilution mechanism in Invar alloy multi-pass laser cladding as well as the potential applications of this method for other materials and other additive manufacturing.
Analyzing microbial communities and their biodegradation of multiple pharmaceuticals in membrane bioreactors
Authors: Suleiman Marcel , Demaria Francesca , Zimmardi Cristina , Kolvenbach Boris Alexander , Corvini Philippe François-Xavier 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are of concern to our planet and health as they can accumulate in the environment. The impact of these biologically active compounds on ecosystems is hard to predict, and information on their biodegradation is necessary to establish sound risk assessment. Microbial communities are promising candidates for the biodegradation of pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen, but little is known yet about their degradation capacity of multiple micropollutants at higher concentrations (100 mg/L). In this work, microbial communities were cultivated in lab-scale membrane bioreactors (MBRs) exposed to increasing concentrations of a mixture of six micropollutants (ibuprofen, diclofenac, enalapril, caffeine, atenolol, paracetamol). Key players of biodegradation were identified using a combinatorial approach of 16S rRNA sequencing and analytics. Microbial community structure changed with increasing pharmaceutical intake (from 1 to 100 mg/L) and reached a steady-state during incubation for 7 weeks on 100 mg/L. HPLC analysis revealed a fluctuating but significant degradation (30–100%) of five pollutants (caffeine, paracetamol, ibuprofen, atenolol, enalapril) by an established and stable microbial community mainly composed of Achromobacter, Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas and Leucobacter. By using the microbial community from MBR1 as inoculum for further batch culture experiments on single micropollutants (400 mg/L substrate, respectively), different active microbial consortia were obtained for each single micropollutant. Microbial genera potentially responsible for degradation of the respective micropollutant were identified, i.e. Pseudomonas sp. and Sphingobacterium sp. for ibuprofen, caffeine and paracetamol, Sphingomonas sp. for atenolol and Klebsiella sp. for enalapril. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of cultivating stable microbial communities capable of degrading simultaneously a mixture of highly concentrated pharmaceuticals in lab-scale MBRs and the identification of microbial genera potentially responsible for the degradation of specific pollutants.

Key points
• Multiple pharmaceuticals were removed by stable microbial communities.
• Microbial key players of five main pharmaceuticals were identified.
Ultrasound Contrast Agent Priming of Biopsy and Introducer Needles by Using a Small Syringe to Improve Needle Visibility in a Phantom Model
Authors: Thunswärd Per , Österberg Karin , Ahlström Håkan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Biopsy under the guidance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound is sometimes useful. Needle visualization in contrast-specific imaging-mode is often poor; however, it may be improved by priming the needles with an ultrasound contrast agent. This study aimed to evaluate needle priming methods using the ultrasound contrast agent sulfur hexafluoride and a 1 mL syringe.

Material and Methods
Two kinds of biopsy needles, side-notch and full core, and one kind of introducer needle were primed using non-primed needles as controls (n = 180). Recordings of punctures were performed in a water bath phantom to which the ultrasound contrast agent had also been added. Contrast-specific imaging-mode needle visibility was evaluated for the entire needles and the needle tips, respectively, quantitatively by calculating the contrast-to-noise ratio and qualitatively via grading by three radiologists.

Results
The contrast-to-noise ratio following the ultrasound contrast agent priming was superior compared to the controls for the entire needles of all three types (p < 0.001) and for the needle tips of the core biopsy needles and introducer needles (p < 0.001). However, the ratio was equal to the controls for the needle tips of the side-notch biopsy needles (p = 0.19). Needle visibility following the ultrasound contrast agent priming was qualitatively superior compared to the controls for both the entire needles and the needle tips, and the difference was considered clinically relevant by the assessors (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The ultrasound contrast agent needle priming methods described increased the contrast-specific imaging-mode needle visibility in a phantom model. Nonetheless, the results also need to be confirmed in vivo.