bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in individuals with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Heiden Giovanna Santeli , Andrade Raphael Victor Silva , de Mattos de Araujo Bianca Marques , da Silva‐Neto Ulisses Xavier , Baratto‐Filho Flares , Zeigelboim Bianca Simone , de Castro Corrêa Camila , Taveira Karinna Veríssimo Meira , de Araujo Cristiano Miranda 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIndividuals with cerebral palsy (CP) may have cognitive, sensitive, behavioral, communicative, and convulsive disorders. Because defensive reflexes are reduced by CP, the risk of orofacial trauma is greater in these individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of orofacial injuries resulting from trauma in patients with CP. This review was reported according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO—CRD42022293570). The search was performed for articles published until January 2023 in Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Gray literature was also consulted through Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest Dissertations, and Theses. Studies in which orofacial injuries due to trauma were prevalent in individuals with CP were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Additionally, a random‐effects meta‐analysis was conducted. Twelve studies were included in the synthesis, of which nine presented a low risk of bias and three presented a moderate risk. When considering the general prevalence of orofacial injuries in patients with CP, a prevalence of 34% [95% CI = 18%–52%; I2 = 98%] was observed, with enamel and dentin fractures being the most common orofacial injuries. Approximately one in three patients with CP showed at least one type of orofacial injury involving dental trauma. There is a lack of literature assessing the prevalence of these traumas in soft tissues and the evidence for this outcome remains uncertain.
Identification, pathogenicity and control of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe elevata on Eucalyptus pellita in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo S. S. , Saha Muhamad A. , Jami Fahimeh , Asfa Rianza , Maretha Maggie V. , Sipayung Jaliaman , Tarigan Marthin , Duran Alvaro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPowdery mildews are biotrophic ascomycetes that do not typically kill their hosts, but instead interfere with normal plant growth. In Indonesia, white powdery spots were observed forming on the upper part of fully developed leaves of Eucalyptus pellita planted in sand beds of a clonal nursery. Thus, this study aimed to identify the causal agent of eucalypt powdery mildew in Indonesia as well as to develop control strategies to better manage the disease. Pathogen identification was based on morphology, molecular characterization of DNA sequencing the ITS region and pathogenicity test. In addition, considering that some powdery mildews are inhibited by free moisture on leaves, efficacy of foliar watering was tested for disease control. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates collected from infected eucalypt plants grouped together with other sequences of the Erysiphe elevata clade with bootstrap support of 99%; a similar result was also confirmed by morphological observations. Pathogenicity of powdery mildew on eucalypt plants was confirmed through artificial inoculation, thus fulfilling the Koch's postulates. For disease control, foliar watering reduced the incidence of powdery mildew on mother plants. The reduction of the disease incidence began to be more evident at 2 weeks after trial establishment, and in the fourth week, the incidence was below 10% in all three treatments, while the control was above 20%. Therefore, we concluded that E. elevata is the causal agent of powdery mildew in Indonesia and that one application of foliar watering per week was enough to minimize the disease impact in the nursery.
Contrasting genomic consequences of anthropogenic reintroduction and natural recolonization in high‐arctic wild reindeer
Authors: Burnett Hamish A. , Bieker Vanessa C. , Le Moullec Mathilde , Peeters Bart , Rosvold Jørgen , Pedersen Åshild Ønvik , Dalén Love , Loe Leif Egil , Jensen Henrik , Hansen Brage B. , Martin Michael D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic reintroduction can supplement natural recolonization in reestablishing a species' distribution and abundance. However, both reintroductions and recolonizations can give rise to founder effects that reduce genetic diversity and increase inbreeding, potentially causing the accumulation of genetic load and reduced fitness. Most current populations of the endemic high‐arctic Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) originate from recent reintroductions or recolonizations following regional extirpations due to past overharvesting. We investigated and compared the genomic consequences of these two paths to reestablishment using whole‐genome shotgun sequencing of 100 Svalbard reindeer across their range. We found little admixture between reintroduced and natural populations. Two reintroduced populations, each founded by 12 individuals around four decades (i.e. 8 reindeer generations) ago, formed two distinct genetic clusters. Compared to the source population, these populations showed only small decreases in genome‐wide heterozygosity and increases in inbreeding and lengths of runs of homozygosity. In contrast, the two naturally recolonized populations without admixture possessed much lower heterozygosity, higher inbreeding and longer runs of homozygosity, possibly caused by serial population founder effects and/or fewer or more genetically related founders than in the reintroduction events. Naturally recolonized populations can thus be more vulnerable to the accumulation of genetic load than reintroduced populations. This suggests that in some organisms even small‐scale reintroduction programs based on genetically diverse source populations can be more effective than natural recolonization in establishing genetically diverse populations. These findings warrant particular attention in the conservation and management of populations and species threatened by habitat fragmentation and loss.
Requisite instruments for the establishment of three‐dimensional epidermal human skin equivalents—A methods review
Authors: Czyz Christianna Marie , Kunth Paul Werner , Gruber Florian , Kremslehner Christopher , Hammers Christoph Matthias , Hundt Jennifer Elisabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman skin equivalents (HSEs) are three‐dimensional skin organ culture models raised in vitro. This review gives an overview of common techniques for setting up HSEs. The HSE consists of an artificial dermis and epidermis. 3T3‐J2 murine fibroblasts, purchased human fibroblasts or freshly isolated and cultured fibroblasts, together with other components, for example, collagen type I, are used to build the scaffold. Freshly isolated and cultured keratinocytes are seeded on top. It is possible to add other cell types, for example, melanocytes, to the HSE—depending on the research question. After several days and further steps, the 3D skin can be harvested. Additionally, we show possible markers and techniques for evaluation of artificial skin. Furthermore, we provide a comparison of HSEs to human skin organ culture, a model which employs human donor skin. We outline advantages and limitations of both models and discuss future perspectives in using HSEs.
Consistent features of the gut microbiota in response to diverse shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei diseases: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mao Jiangning , Lu Jiaqi , Chen Jiong , Xiong Jinbo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDysbiosis in the gut microbiota has been intimately implicated in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeidae) diseases. However, considering the variety of shrimp diseases and the variability in experimental conditions, studies addressing common features of the gut microbiota−shrimp disease relationship are limited. Through an unbiased subject‐level meta‐analysis framework, 463 shrimp gut bacterial communities from 27 studies were re‐analysed, including six lifestages and eight diseases of shrimp, with the causal agents of viral, bacterial, eukaryotic, and unknown pathogens. Shrimp lifestages and diseases were the predominant factors governing the gut microbiota. After ruling out the top lifestage‐ and disease‐specific discriminatory amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from the gut microbiota, the top 27 disease common‐discriminatory ASVs were identified, contributing to an overall accuracy of 95.9% in diagnosing shrimp health status. By using these optimisation procedures, the accuracy of our diagnosis model was unbiased by shrimp lifestage, specific disease, sampling size, hypervariable region and sequencing platform. The shrimp eight diseases consistently and significantly increased the relative importance of stochasticity, the relative abundance of pathogenic potentials and diversified core ASVs, whereas decreased the diversity and stability of gut microbiota. Collectively, these findings illustrate the effectiveness of meta‐analysis in determining the robust and common features of the shrimp gut microbiota in response to diverse diseases. In particular, disease common‐discriminatory ASVs could accurately diagnose shrimp health status, although the data are divergent in biotic and technical variances.
Investigation on fatigue performance of open‐hole plates treated by dynamic cold expansion under large expansion size based on electromagnetic loading
Authors: Zheng Guo , Cao Zengqiang , Talemi Reza 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to explore the upper limit of expansion size in dynamic cold expansion (DCE) and discuss the fatigue life enhancement mechanisms of this process. To achieve this, fatigue tests were conducted and the fractured surfaces were analyzed. Residual stress was measured both experimentally and numerically, and micromorphology was investigated. The stress distributions were also used to predict the fatigue life, with corresponding investigations of static cold expansion (SCE) conducted for comparison. The results indicate that the DCE process can achieve a larger upper limit expansion size than the SCE, leading to an extension of higher fatigue life. Additionally, the DCE induces larger compressive residual stress, especially at the mandrel entrance layer, and more significant grain refinement than the SCE. These factors are considered as the main mechanisms responsible for the fatigue life enhancement in the DCE process. The predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Cultural representation in German as a foreign language textbooks used in Indonesia: A critical social semiotic analysis
Authors: Lendo Sjuul Juliana , Widodo Handoyo P. , Fadlilah Sayyidatul , Qonnita Tsabita R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInformed by an integrated critical social semiotic approach, the present critical discourse study investigates the semiotic relations of image–text and the cultural meanings encapsulated in two German language textbooks: Studio d A1 and Netzwerk A1 widely used in Indonesia. Adopting Xiong and Peng's semiotic relation model, the findings demonstrate that Netzwerk A1 provides learners with opportunities to learn, think, and reflect critically on German culture through pedagogical questions regarding image–text‐pedagogy discussion. However, the image–text in Studio d A1 emphasizes the acquisition of linguistic knowledge and does not engage learners in exploring and negotiating their cultural repertoire. This empirical evidence suggests that language textbook writers should consider designing culturally responsive language learning tasks to engage learners in the active construction of cultural knowledge in practice.
Climate change is predicted to cause population collapse in a cooperative breeder
Authors: Rabaiotti Daniella , Coulson Tim , Woodroffe Rosie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt has been suggested that animals may have evolved cooperative breeding strategies in response to extreme climatic conditions. Climate change, however, may push species beyond their ability to cope with extreme climates, and reduce the group sizes in cooperatively breeding species to a point where populations are no longer viable. Predicting the impact of future climates on these species is challenging as modelling the impact of climate change on their population dynamics requires information on both group‐ and individual‐level responses to climatic conditions. Using a single‐sex individual‐based model incorporating demographic responses to ambient temperature in an endangered species, the African wild dog Lycaon pictus, we show that there is a threshold temperature above which populations of the species are predicted to collapse. For simulated populations with carrying capacities equivalent to the median size of real‐world populations (nine packs), extinction risk increases once temperatures exceed those predicted in the best‐case climate warming scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP] 2.6). The threshold is higher (between RCP 4.5 and RCP 6.0) for larger simulated populations (30 packs), but 84% of real‐world populations number <30 packs. Simulated populations collapsed because, at high ambient temperatures, juvenile survival was so low that packs were no longer recruiting enough individuals to persist, leading them to die out. This work highlights the importance of social dynamics in determining impacts of climatic variables on social species, and the critical role that recruitment can play in driving population‐level impacts of climate change. Population models parameterised on long‐term data are essential for predicting future population viability under climate change.
Effect of harvest frequency and season on morphogenic and structural characteristics of dwarf and tall Elephantgrass genotypes
Authors: Alencar Elisvaldo José Silva , Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira Dos , da Cunha Márcio Vieira , de Mello Alexandre Carneiro Leão , Lucena Jorge Eduardo Cavalcante , Leopoldino Neto Antonio , Peixôto Thaíse Virgínia Freire Ramos , Silva Natália Viana da 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of two harvest frequencies (60 and 90 days) on the morphogenic and structural characteristics of four Elephantgrass genotypes (two tall and two dwarf) in both rainy and dry seasons. The research was conducted in Garanhuns, Brazil from September 2019 to December 2021. The morphogenic characteristics evaluated included leaf appearance rate, stem and leaf elongation rate, phyllochron, plant height, stem diameter, leaf and stem length, basal tiller population density, and number of leaves per tiller. The results showed that Elephant B had the highest leaf elongation rate among all genotypes, both in the rainy and dry seasons. During the rainy season, the tall genotypes showed higher stem elongation rates compared to the dwarf genotypes. The tall genotypes also had lower phyllochron values. Taiwan A‐146 2.37 had a higher population density of basal tillers by 30%–37% compared to other genotypes. During the dry season, the stem elongation rate of Taiwan A‐146 2.37 was slower compared to the rainy season. The study showed that the harvest frequency had an effect on the morphogenic characteristics of Elephantgrass genotypes, with 60 days harvest resulting in higher leaf elongation rates. Elephant B was superior in terms of leaf elongation at both harvest frequencies. The results indicate that the season also plays a role in the morphogenic characteristics of the genotypes. This study provides insights into the optimal cutting strategies for Elephantgrass based on the size of the plant and season.
The influence of soil potassium status on the productivity of docks (Rumex obtusifolius L.) in intensively managed temperate grassland
Authors: O'Donovan T. , Casey I. A. , Humphreys J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDocks are a widespread problem in grassland, necessitating novel management solutions as pesticides become increasingly regulated. The objective was to investigate the role of soil test Potassium (K) concentrations (Morgan's solution; Na acetate + acetic acid, pH 4.8; STK) on competitiveness of docks in grassland. The experimental site (52°21 N, 7°18 W) was reseeded with perennial ryegrass in October 2009. A plot experiment was laid down in a randomised complete block design with seven rates of fertiliser K (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha−1) and eight replicates. Dock numbers were measured over 6 years (2010–2015) and herbage production over 5 years (2012–2016). There was poor alignment between fertiliser K and STK in the early years of the study, however this alignment improved over time. While fertiliser K had no effect on dock numbers, there were positive correlations between STK early in the study and dock numbers m−2 throughout the study. Dock numbers m−2 were relatively static between 2010 and 2012 and increased substantially between 2013 and 2015. Between 2013 and 2016 there were strong inverse relationships (r > −.765; p < .001) between dock and grass herbage production. Towards the end of the study the lower annual fertiliser K inputs (0 and 50 kg ha−1) resulted in lower (p < .01) dock root and herbage production with an associated increase (p < .05) in grass herbage production. It is evident there is a threshold STK for permanent grassland infested with docks at which grass is more competitive for plant‐available soil K than the docks to the detriment of the dock component of the sward.
Unmasking the politics of policy‐driven change (or not) for gender diversity
Authors: Rosser Heidi , Ryan Irene , Myers Barbara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article places a critical lens over one part of an empirical study to explore the political reasons for why (or why not) women on boards policies are effective (or not) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Political intersectionality is used as a heuristic tool to link the political agendas of macro level public policies to meso‐level organizational processes and how these (re)shape the micro‐level everyday politics of structural privilege and disadvantage. Interview data from 10 influential male directors show how the political agendas of powerful interest groups can shape the dialog and further embed the status quo by promoting a business case for gender diversity based on the inherent assumption that it incentivizes businesses to function as meritocracies. We argue that power and conflicting political interests must be addressed if diversity‐related interventions are to achieve the desired gender equity and social justice outcomes in a board membership.
Transition readiness among adolescents and young adults with haemophilia in the Netherlands: Nationwide questionnaire study
Authors: Brands Martijn R. , Janssen Ebony A. M. , Cnossen Marjon H. , Smit Cees , van Vulpen Lize F. D. , van der Valk Paul R. , Eikenboom Jeroen , Heubel‐Moenen Floor C. J. I. , Hooimeijer Louise , Ypma Paula , Nieuwenhuizen Laurens , Coppens Michiel , Schols Saskia E. M. , Laros‐van Gorkom Britta A. P. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Driessens Mariëtte H. E. , Rosendaal Frits R. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Gouw Samantha C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionCare for adolescents with haemophilia is transferred from paediatric to adult care around the age of 18 years. Transition programs help to prepare adolescents for this transfer and prevent declining treatment adherence. Evaluating transition readiness may identify areas for improvement.ObjectiveAssess transition readiness among Dutch adolescents and young adults with haemophilia, determine factors associated with transition readiness, and identify areas of improvement in transition programs.MethodsAll Dutch adolescents and young adults aged 12–25 years with haemophilia were invited to participate in a nationwide questionnaire study. Transition readiness was assessed using multiple‐choice questions and was defined as being ready or almost ready for transition. Potential factors associated with transition readiness were investigated, including: socio‐demographic and disease‐related factors, treatment adherence, health‐related quality of life, and self‐efficacy.ResultsData of 45 adolescents and 84 young adults with haemophilia (47% with severe haemophilia) were analyzed. Transition readiness increased with age, from 39% in 12–14 year‐olds to 63% in 15–17 year‐olds. Nearly all post‐transition young adults (92%, 77/84) reported they were ready for transition. Transition readiness was associated with treatment adherence, as median VERITAS‐Pro treatment adherence scores were worse in patients who were not ready (17, IQR 9–29), compared to those ready for transition (11, IQR 9–16). Potential improvements were identified: getting better acquainted with the adult treatment team prior to transition and information on managing healthcare costs.ConclusionsNearly all post‐transition young adults reported they were ready for transition. Improvements were identified regarding team acquaintance and preparation for managing healthcare costs.
Changes in opioid prescribing in veterans with headache during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A regression discontinuity in time analysis
Authors: Wang Kaicheng , Fenton Brenda T. , Skanderson Melissa , Black Anne C. , Becker William C. , Seng Elizabeth K. , Anthony Sarah E. , Guirguis Alexander B. , Altalib Hamada H. , Kimber Addison , Lorenze Nancy , Scholten Joel D. , Graham Glenn D. , Sandbrink Friedhelm , Sico Jason J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine changes in opioid prescribing among veterans with headaches during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic by comparing the stay‐at‐home phase (March 15 to May 30, 2020) and the reopening phase (May 31 to December 31, 2020).BackgroundOpioid prescribing for chronic pain has declined substantially since 2016; however, changes in opioid prescribing during the COVID‐19 pandemic among veterans with headaches remain unknown.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study utilized regression discontinuity in time and difference‐in‐differences design to analyze veterans aged ≥18 years with a previous diagnosis of headache disorders and an outpatient visit to the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) during the study period. We measured the weekly number of opioid prescriptions, the number of days supplied, the daily dose in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs), and the number of prescriptions with ≥50 morphine equivalent daily doses (MEDD).ResultsA total of 81,376 veterans were analyzed with 589,950 opioid prescriptions. The mean (SD) age was 51.6 (13.5) years, 57,242 (70.3%) were male, and 53,464 (65.7%) were White. During the pre‐pandemic period, 323.6 opioid prescriptions (interquartile range 292.1–325.8) were dispensed weekly, with an median (IQR) of 24.1 (24.0–24.4) days supplied and 31.8 (31.2–32.5) MMEs. Transition to stay‐at‐home was associated with a 7.7% decrease in the number of prescriptions (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.077, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.866–0.984) and a 9.8% increase in days supplied (IRR 1.098, 95% CI 1.078–1.119). Similar trends were observed during the reopening period. Subgroup analysis among veterans on long‐term opioid therapy also revealed 1.7% and 1.4% increases in days supplied during the stay‐at‐home (IRR 1.017, 95% CI 1.009–1.025) and reopening phase (IRR 1.014, 95% CI 1.007–1.021); however, changes in the total number of prescriptions, MME/day, or the number of prescriptions >50 MEDD were insignificant.ConclusionPrescription opioid access was maintained for veterans within VHA during the pandemic. The de‐escalation of opioid prescribing observed prior to the pandemic was not seen in our study.