bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis of couple therapy in non‐randomized clinical trial studies: Individual and couple level outcomes
Authors: Owen Jesse , Sinha Sree , Polser Geneva Crabtree , Hangge Anna , Davis Jasmine , Blum Lena , Drinane Joanna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCouple therapy has outperformed control conditions in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). However, there have been some questions whether couple treatment in naturalistic settings is as effective as those with more rigorous controls. The current meta‐analysis examined 48 studies of couple therapy in non‐randomized clinical trials. The pre–post effect size was Hedge's g = 0.522 for relational outcomes and Hedge's g = 0.587 for individual outcomes. However, there was significant heterogeneity in the results. Several moderators explained some of the variance in these estimates. For relationship outcomes, studies who had older couples and longer length of relationship had better outcomes. Studies with a higher percentage of racial/ethnic minority (REM) couples and studies in Veteran Affairs Medical Centers (VAMC) had lower relational outcomes. For individual outcomes, studies that had more sessions, older couples, and VAMC had better outcomes. Studies with a higher percentage of REM couples also had worse individual outcomes. Trainee status was not consistently related to relational or individual outcomes. Implications for research and practice are provided.
Handling of wild Atlantic salmon smolts reduced marine survival more than hydropower turbine passage
Authors: Haraldstad Tormod , Johansen Kurt , Vollset Knut Wiik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtlantic salmon smolts are sensitive to disturbance during their migration and negative effects experienced in freshwater may carry over into the marine environment. In this study, smolts were PIT‐tagged and detected during their subsequent spawning migration. A generalized linear model fitted to the return data predicted a return probability of 0.091 ± 0.0061 (±SE) for smolt that was released downstream of a hydropower dam. The additional effect of migrating through a Kaplan turbine associated with hydroelectric generation did not significantly reduce return rates, while the additional effect of being handled twice in a trap was significant and lowered the predicted return probability to 0.057 ± 0.0079 (±SE; model predictions from logistic regression). Catch‐mark‐recapture methods such as those using physical recapture of fish should be applied with great care to avoid multiple handling stress that may lead to reduced marine survival and biasing estimates intended to help monitor population statuses. Moreover, similar return rates in turbine and bypass migrating smolts emphasize that more knowledge is needed when evaluating mitigation actions for migratory fish at hydropower plants.
Inequalities and social sciences in neoliberal Indonesia
Authors: Rakhmani Inaya , Sakhiyya Zulfa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRising wealth and social inequalities around the world place great pressure on social researchers to interpret and explain the impact. However, it is equally important to recognise that scientists too have been part of the reproduction of social inequalities. This article expands on Burawoy's (2015) appeal to social scientists to acknowledge that social inequalities are not only external to the social science community specifically – and the scientific community more generally – but they also pervade academic labour and the way universities are managed and reformed. By taking the case of Indonesia, the largest economy in understudied Southeast Asia, this article reveals types of social inequalities reproduced and sustained through policies and practices within universities. These inequalities are the exclusionary effects of internationalisation, selective inclusion and corporatist bureaucracies, as well as regional inequalities in terms of infrastructure and capacity. We problematise the detrimental effects of marketisation in higher education on academic imagination and how it extends authoritarian developmentalism (1966–1998) to suit neoliberal demands. The article ends with propositions on how academics from the Global South can better understand their social position in an increasingly networked yet disconnected world skewed by multiple configurations of social inequalities.
Epilepsy and pregnancy: A study of 188 pregnancies in 92 patients
Authors: Akhtar N , Millac P 
Published: April 2023

SummaryIn this retrospective study of gestation and epilepsy there was little change in fit frequency during pregnancy but a significant number of women had seizures during labour and the early post‐partum period. Obstetrical complications, babies' birth weights and perinatal mortality were analysed. Comparisons were made within the populations of Leicestershire. The fetal malformation rate was no higher than the expected frequency for our patients, but there was a three‐fold increase in the perinatal mortality rate against the control population.
A general practice study investigating the effect of minocycline (Minocin) 50 mg bd for 12 weeks in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: Millar E D , Jolliffe D S , Leigh A P 
Published: April 2023

SummaryIn a multicentre general practice open study, 991 acne sufferers were treated with minocycline (Minocin) 50 mg bd (854 for 12 weeks).A significant improvement trend (p< 0.001) was found following analysis of visual analogue scales measuring severity of acne, area covered by acne, distribution of inflamed lesions, density of acne lesions.Overall, 81 per cent of patients thought the therapy to be effective or very effective; 72 per cent continued on the same therapy after the study period.Mean first improvement was noted by the patients after four and half weeks of treatment.The overall trends noted above were also seen in two subgroups, (a) patients who had failed on previous oxytetracycline treatment; (b) patients who had received either no previous therapy or topical therapy alone.Adverse events were noted in five per cent of patients. Of these, three per cent were definitely drug related and only two per cent of patients left the trial because of adverse reactions. None of the reactions was serious in nature. The concurrent administration of Minocin and the oral contraceptive does not appear to be a clinically significant problem.Minocin therapy is demonstrated to be an effective treatment for acne, with early onset of benefit and excellent patient tolerability and acceptability. Good efficacy was noted in patients who had failed on previous oxytetracycline therapy.
Brucellosis of the sacro‐iliac joint
Authors: Ferris B D , Scott J E 
Published: April 2023

SummaryBrucellosis is an infection of animals which may be transmitted to man by direct contact or by drinking unpasteurised milk. Skeletal involvement was first reported in 1932 by Kulowski and Vinke1 when they described a case of spinal infection. Since then there have been further reports in English literature2‐4 but few of infection of the sacro‐iliac joint5,6. We present a further case and discuss the diagnosis and management.
A double‐blind study of Inderex in the treatment of essential hypertension
Authors: Crowe P F , Finnegan O C , Russell C J Mcl , Varma M P S 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe antihypertensive effect of bendrofluazide 5 mg, long‐acting propranolol 160 mg, and the combination of these doses of bendrofluazide and long‐acting propranolol (Inderex)** was assessed in a double‐blind, cross‐over study in 25 patients with essential hypertension. Each treatment was given for four weeks and measurements were made 24 hours after the last dose. All three treatments produced a significant reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the combination product produced a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure than with the single treatments and helped counteract diuretic‐induced hypokalaemia. The combination of bendrofluazide and long‐acting propranolol in a single capsule (Inderex) proved an effective and well tolerated treatment for hypertension that may help improve patients' compliance with treatment.
Augmentin (intravenous then oral) compared with cefuroxime followed by cephalexin for chest infections in hospitalised patients
Authors: O'Donovan C , Rudd R , O'Neill S , Fitzgerald M X , McNicholas W , Flavell‐Matts S G , Howell F , McKenzie A , Whittaker J 
Published: April 2023

SummaryAugmentin and cefuroxime were compared in the treatment of chest infections in hospital patients in a multicentre study. One hundred and six patients were randomly allocated to 48 hours treatment with intravenous Augmentin, (amoxycillin 1g + clavulanic acid 200mg), every eight hours. Sixty eight patients received cefuroxime (750mg) intravenously every eight hours. Patients receiving intravenous Augmentin were then given five days oral treatment with Augmentin. Patients receiving cefuroxime were subsequently given five days oral treatment with cephalexin. For severely ill patients, the intravenous phase of treatment was extended from 48 to 96 hours.There was no significant difference in the numbers of patients showing a good overall response to the two therapies at 48 hours. However, at Day 7 significantly more patients were clinically improved or cured after receiving Augmentin as opposed to those taking cefuroxime/cephalexin.There were no significant differences between treatment groups when analysed by indication or by key sign or symptom.At the start of treatment bacterial organisms were isolated from the sputum of 29/87 (33 per cent) of patients who received Augmentin and from 19/48 (40 per cent) of patients producing sputum who received cefuroxime. Both treatment regimens proved effective against the organisms isolated at the start of treatment. At the end of treatment all of these organisms had been eradicated by Augmentin and 91 per cent had been eradicated by the cefuroxime/cephalexin regimen.Both treatments were well tolerated, with no significant difference between treatments in the small number of adverse events noted.Augmentin and cefuroxime have been shown to be similarly effective and well tolerated treatments for chest infection. In addition, it is shown that Augmentin has advantages in terms of speed of response and it is available as both intravenous and oral formulations. Thus, Augmentin would be a suitable first choice antibiotic for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.
Effect of 1 % mandelic acid as a bladder irrigation fluid in patients with in‐dwelling catheters
Authors: Robertson M H , Norton M S 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe effect of 1% mandelic acid bladder washouts on 40 patients who were using in‐dwelling catheters was studied.The procedure appeared to benefit those colonised with Pseudomonas species but not those colonised with Proteus species. The subject of bladder irrigation is briefly reviewed.
Rapid response to budesonide (Pulmicort) inhaled via the Nebuhaler in asthmatic children
Authors: McCarthy T P 
Published: April 2023

SummaryAcute reversible airways obstruction in children, especially those aged under one year, who may respond poorly to inhaled beta2‐stimulants, is difficult to treat in general practice. In an open study, 48 episodes in 29 children, half aged under one year, were treated with budesonide (Pulmicort) 0.1–2.09 mg used to charge a Nebuhaler fitted with a face‐mask. In 45 instances, clinical improvement was observed, and with doses of 0.8 mg and above, this usually occurred within 10 minutes. This study suggests that budesonide via a suitable delivery system can evoke rapid improvement in reversible airways obstruction in young children.
The acute effect of the synthetic prostacyclin analogue iloprost in primary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Scott J P , Higenbottam T , Work J Wall 
Published: April 2023

SummaryTwelve patients with severe primary pulmonary hypertension and pronounced disability unresponsive to oral vasolidators were assessed as to their suitability for heart‐lung transplantation. During routine right heart catheterisation, intravenous infusions of both prostacyclin (PG12) and its synthetic analogue, iloprost (IL), were given in random order. The dose of each drug was increased whilst the improvements in cardiac output (Q) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were recorded. The maximum rate of each infusion was determined by the onset of side effects or a fall in mean systemic blood pressure of more than 20 per cent. The mean maximum dose of PG12 was 6 + 2 ng/kg/min and that of IL 3.4 ± 1.8 ng/kg/min, and both infusions achieved similar haemodynamic effects.In this open, randomised study, intravenous IL was as effective as prostacyclin in lowering PVR, but with a lower infused dose. Iloprost may have an important role in the acute assessment of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, and when available for prescription should be assessed as an alterative long‐term intravenous vasodilator to prostacyclin.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a girl without psychosis
Authors: Thacker A K , Radhakrishnan K , Maloo J C , Bohlaga N H 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWe report a successfully managed case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome in which the diagnosis was delayed by one week because of the absence of an established psychiatric disease. A high degree of clinical suspicion must be maintained if the diagnosis of this rare, curable but often fatal, complication of neuroleptic therapy is not to be missed.
PATIENTS' PREFERENCES FOR THE SITE OF INJECTION OF LOW‐DOSE SUBCUTANEOUS HEPARIN IN PROPHYLAXIS OF THROMBOEMBOLISM. REGIONAL ACUPHOBIA
Authors: Patel K S 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY The efficacy of low‐dose subcutaneous heparin in the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is now well established.1–3 The most common complication of heparin administration is haematoma formation, especially at the site of injection.A number of patients were noted to have injection site haematoma in the deltoid region: after close inquiry it was found that these patients had refused injections in the anterior abdominal wall in the belief that these would be more painful than the upper arm. A study was set up to determine the prevalence of regional acuphobia.
THE LONG‐TERM SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF TRANSDERMAL GLYCERYL TRINITRATE, WHEN USED WITH A PATCH‐FREE INTERVAL IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINA
Authors: Wainwright R J , Foran J P M , Padaria S F , Akhras F , Jackson G , Clark A R 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY The safety and tolerability of intermittent (16 hours on/8 hours off) nitrate patch therapy (0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 mg/hr: dose adjusted as required) was studied for a median duration of 356 days in 106 patients (mean age 60.9 ±8.6 years) with angina pectoris. Most patients (82%) were on existing beta‐blocker and/or calcium antagonist therapy. Safety, tolerability and efficacy data were obtained by means of patient diary cards and regular clinic visits.Almost 90 treatment years revealed no significant or serious adverse events, and there were no changes in haematology or biochemistry associated with intermittent nitrate patch therapy. The most frequently reported side‐effects were headache, skin reactions and dizziness (53%, 20% and 8% of patients respectively). Treatment resulted in a sustained reduction in the frequency and severity of angina attacks, reduced sublingual GTN consumption, an improvement in general wellbeing and a rise in the proportion of patients in whom angina was controlled.
THE INFLUENCE OF DURATION OF BREASTFEEDING ON BONE MASS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Authors: Gur A , Cevik R , Nas K , Sarac AJ , Ataoglu S , Karakoc M , Can A , Gurkan F 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThis study examines the influence of duration of breastfeeding on bone mineral density (BMD) and investigates the relationship between duration of breastfeeding and bone mass at four sites in postmenopausal women of different ages. A total of 509 postmenopausal women aged 45–86 years were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: never breastfed (n=67), <96 months (n=157) and ≥96 months (n=285); they were further classified into two age groups, 40–59 years (n=233) and 60–80 years (n=276). In all patients and in the 40–59 year age group, BMD of the spine was found to be significantly lower in the never‐breastfed group, while BMD of the trochanter was significantly lower in the ≥96 month breastfeeding group. BMD of the spine and femur tended to decrease with longer breastfeeding in all groups, while BMD of the spine and trochanter tended to decrease with longer breastfeeding in the 40–59 year group. Of patients in the 60–80 year group who had never breastfed, spinal BMD was significantly higher than that of the ≥=96 month group, while in the ≥96 month group trochanter BMD was significantly lower than in other groups. In the never‐breastfed group, ward's triangle BMD was significantly higher than that of other groups. There was a significant correlation between duration of breastfeeding and BMD of the spine, neck, trochanter and ward's triangle. The study suggests that duration of breastfeeding has an effect on BMD, and extended breastfeeding leads to lower BMD.
CASPOFUNGIN IN THE TREATMENT OF OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS
Authors: Garbino J , Lew D , Hirschel B , Rohner P 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA patient with AIDS developed oropharyngeal candidiasis. Candida albicans and C. glabrata were isolated from the patient and found to be resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole in vitro. Voriconazole therapy was initiated, but discontinued when the C. albicans strain isolated from the patient was found to be resistant to it. The patient failed to respond to subsequent therapy with a combination of amphotericin B and 5‐flucytosine. Therapy with caspofungin was then initiated (70 mg loading dose, followed by 50 mg/day). The patient responded favourably to caspofungin, with complete resolution of signs and symptoms.
TREATMENT OF CARBIMAZOLE‐INDUCED AGRANULOCYTOSIS AND SEPSIS WITH GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR
Authors: Joseph F , Younis N , Bowen‐Jones D 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYWe present the management of agranulocytosis and neutropenic sepsis secondary to carbimazole with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF). A 72‐year‐old woman with a history of thyrotoxicosis presented with sore throat and fever two weeks after starting carbimazole. Investigations confirmed a leucopenia and neutropenia. G‐CSF was used as an adjunctive therapy with discontinuation of carbimazole, barrier nursing and a broad‐spectrum antibiotic regimen to treat her neutropenic sepsis. Total white cell count and neutrophil count returned to normal and she made an uneventful recovery. She was subsequently rendered euthyroid with radioiodine treatment.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF PNEUMONIA
Authors: Mangoni AA , Desai SR , Shaikh H , Barker RD , Mufti GJ , Jackson SHD 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA previously healthy 37‐year‐old man was admitted with a two‐month history of increasing shortness of breath and high temperature. A chest X‐ray demonstrated bibasal shadowing and small bilateral pleural effusions; arterial blood gases demonstrated low pO2. Despite intravenous antibiotics no significant improvement was observed. A high‐resolution chest computed tomography showed diffuse ground‐glass opacification with segmental and subsegmental airways opacification, indicating fine fibrosis. Subsequently, open lung biopsy showed diffuse alveolar damage and a histopathological diagnosis of acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman‐Rich syndrome) was made. Antibiotics were stopped and high intravenous doses of steroids were given with a dramatic improvement in the patient's breathing and radiographic findings. The pathophysiological mechanisms of acute interstitial pneumonia and current therapeutic options are discussed.
ACCURACY OF INTRA‐ARTICULAR INJECTIONS FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE TRAPEZIOMETACARPAL JOINT
Authors: Helm AT , Higgins G , Raj Kumar P , Redfern M 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYA study was conducted to determine the accuracy of intra‐articular injections for osteoarthritis (OA) of the trapeziometacarpal joint (TMCJ). Over a period of 12 months intra‐articular injections on 60 TMCJs (12 males and 48 females) were carried out. All the injections were performed in the operating theatre. The operator inserted the needle into the position clinically assessed to be the TMCJ and the position was assessed using biplanar fluoroscopy. In 42% of cases, the needle was incorrectly placed and its position had to be adjusted, using fluoroscopy, to ensure correct intra‐articular placement. Entry into an osteoarthritic TMCJ with a blind passage of the needle is not straightforward. A proper injection technique must be employed to enter the correct joint. Using an image intensifier greatly facilitates accurate needle placement. (Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57(4): 265–266)
SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF REPLACING STANDARD DOXAZOSIN WITH DOXAZOSIN IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEM (GITS) FORMULATION IN ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
Authors: Jiménez‐Garía R , Anegón M , Esteban J , Carrasco P , Apaolaza* I , Gil A 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThe objective of this paper is to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using doxazosin standard formulation in elderly hypertensive patients who were either uncontrolled or newly diagnosed, and replacing standard doxazosin with doxazosin in the gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) formulation. We designed a postmarketing surveillance, open‐label non‐comparative, multicentre, clinical study covering primary care patients aged 65 years or older diagnosed with essential uncontrolled arterial hypertension. The study covered a period of 6–9 months, divided into two phases. Phase I involved a minimum of three and maximum of six months in treatment with standard doxazosin; phase II began with the changeover from standard doxazosin to the GITS formulation and lasted 12 weeks. Of the 1705 patients initially enrolled, 1292 (75.8%) completed the study. Reduction in systolic blood pressure was 22.3 mmHg (13.7%) in phase I, and 3.9 mmHg (2.77%) in phase II; reduction in diastolic blood pressure was 12.4 mmHg (13.2%) in phase I, and 2.4 mmHg (2.9%) in phase II. The percentage of controlled patients was 40.5% (691/1705) by the end of phase I and 45.3% (776/1705) by the end of phase II. A total of 154 patients suffered adverse events (AE), 127 during phase I and 27 in phase II. We conclude that doxazosin in its two formulations is effective and safe for the purpose of lowering blood pressure in elderly patients.
IBANDRONATE: A POTENT NEW BISPHOSPHONATE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: Papapoulos SE 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYOsteoporosis is a serious, common skeletal disease. Oral bisphosphonates are among the most effective therapeutics available to manage this condition. Currently, bisphosphonates are administered orally either daily or once weekly. Less frequent dosing, while retaining efficacy, may provide greater convenience, thereby promoting long‐term adherence to treatment and maximising therapeutic outcomes. Ibandronate is a highly potent nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonate that has been given orally or intravenously at variable dosing intervals for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Recent studies with oral ibandronate, given daily or intermittently with a between‐dose interval longer than two months to women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, demonstrated significant and sustained antifracture efficacy. Additional studies showed that ibandronate given as a convenient intravenous injection every three months induces significant increases in bone mineral density and suppression of bone turnover. Ongoing studies aim to determine the optimal therapeutic regimen of this promising new bisphosphonate in clinical practice.