bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure–function relationship between central visual field and macular parameters in glaucoma patients
Authors: Ye‐Zhu Cristina , Diez‐Alvarez Laura , Jaumandreu Laia , Huelin Fernando , Diaz‐Montealegre Ana , González‐Pastor Elisa , Martin‐Ares Alvaro , Rebolleda Gema , Muñoz‐Negrete Francisco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the relationship between central visual field mean sensitivity (cVFMS) with macular vascularity, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in glaucoma patients.Methods: cVFMS was determined by Humphrey Field Analyser Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA)‐faster 24‐2 and 24‐2C test grids. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters and macular vessel density (VD) was assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA: AngioVue RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue). GCL thickness was measured by Spectralis‐OCT and GCC thickness by Optovue‐OCT. Relationship between vascular parameters, GCL and GCC thickness with cVFMS tested on 24‐2 and 24‐2C grids, was analysed by Pearson correlation coefficient. The comparison between correlation coefficients was performed by Steiger test.Results: Transversal study involving 50 eyes from 43 glaucoma patients. No significant correlation was found between FAZ area or perimetry and cVFMS. Instead, lower foveal vessel density (FD300) was associated with worse cVFMS in 24‐2 and 24‐2C grids (0.437, p = 0.006 and 0.438, p = 0.006, respectively). Significant correlations between macular VD and cVFMS were found both with 24‐2 and 24‐2C test grids: cVFMS24 versus whole VD (0.529, p = 0.001) and cVFMS24‐2C vs whole VD (0.553, p < 0.001), cVFMS24 vs parafoveal VD (0.565, p < 0.001) and cVFMS24‐2C vs parafoveal VD (0.602, p < 0.001), cVFMS24 vs perifoveal VD (0.514, p = 0.001) and cVFMS24‐2C vs perifoveal VD (0.539, p < 0.001). GCL and GCC thickness were also associated with cVFMS24 (0.566, p < 0.001 and 0.568, p < 0.001, respectively) and with cVFMS24‐2C (0.542, p < 0.001 and 0.544, p < 0.001, respectively). Worse superior hemi‐cVFMS 24‐2 and 24‐2C was significantly correlated with lower inferior hemimacular VD, GCL and GCC thickness. Similar results were obtained when comparing inferior hemi‐cVFMS with superior hemimacular parameters. No significant differences were detected between correlations with 24‐2 and 24‐2C grids.Conclusions: The FD300, but not FAZ area or perimetry, was correlated with cVFMS. Worse cVFMS was correlated with lower macular VD and lower GCL and GCC thickness both with 24‐2 and 24‐2C test grids.
Intermediate uveitis associated with Cogan's syndrome
Authors: El Mayel Amina , Amor Hager Ben , Sellem Ilhem , Mesfar Rahma , Khochtali Sana , Ksiaa Imen , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe a case of intermediate uveitis and optic neuritis associated with Cogan's syndrome.Methods: A case report.Results: A 29‐year‐old white Caucasian female was referred to our department for decreased vision in her left eye (LE). Previous medical history revealed relapsing intermediate uveitis and optic neuritis in the LE for 5 years and a sensio‐neural hearing loss a year earlier. On presentation, her ophthalmological examination revealed best corrected visual acuity in the LE of 6/60 with a relative afferent pupillary defect. Slit lamp examination revealed a clear cornea, 0.5+ cells in the anterior chamber and 3+ cells in the vitreous. Fundus examination showed an optic disc atrophy. Examination of the right eye was unremarkable. Examination by the internist revealed palmar erythematous lesions. Laboratory work‐up was negative for infectious diseases. Testing for antinuclear antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and rheumatoid factor were negative. The diagnosis of atypical Cogan's syndrome was made based on the association of atypical ophthalmological manifestations and typical audio‐vestibular manifestations. The patient was treated with oral prednisone and azathioprine.Conclusions: Optic neuritis may rarely be an ocular manifestation of Cogan's syndrome.
Main ophthalmological manifestations in patients diagnosed with ocular syphilis attended at Instituto Nacional De Rehabilitacion
Authors: Arevalo Francisco Javier Sanchez , Cataño Martha Cinthia Fuentes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Describe the ophthalmological manifestations of patients diagnosed with ocular syphilis at the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, and the main complications derived from ocular pathology.Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with ocular syphilis, treated in the ophthalmology service during the period 2015–2021. A descriptive analysis of the collected data (SPSS 25.0 for Macintosh) was performed, comparing the frequency of ocular manifestations recorded, the frequency of complications reported in patients and analysing the best corrected visual acuity before treatment and after treatment.Results: 18 patients and 34 eyes were analysed, 16 eyes manifested with posterior uveitis (47.1%), 15 patients with panuveitis (44.1%) and three eyes presented anterior uveitis (8.8%). Of the HIV‐positive eyes (N = 12), posterior uveitis (50%) and panuveitis (50%) occurred equally. Retinal vasculitis (17.7%) was the most frequent finding, followed by vitritis (14.9%) and presence of cellularity in the anterior chamber (11.3%). The main complications reported were ocular hypertension/glaucoma in six eyes (17.65%), posterior segment involvement in six eyes (17.65%) and cataract in four eyes (11.76%). Regarding posterior segment complications, three eyes presented epiretinal membrane (50.0%), cystic macular edema in two eyes (33.33%) and choroidal neovascularization in one eye (16.67%). Best‐corrected visual acuity at presentation was a mean of 0.67 (±0.84) on the LogMAR scale, and best‐corrected visual acuity at the last post treatment visit was a mean of 0.43 (±0.61).Conclusions: Syphilis should be a diagnostic possibility in patients with intraocular inflammation because it can affect any ocular structure, vasculitis in our population was predominant as a clinical manifestation, serology for HIV and lumbar puncture should be performed in these patients; should always be treated with the neurosyphilis regimen by intravenous administration of crystalline penicillin G for 14 days.
Cross‐sectional surface area of the nerve fibre layer in the optic nerve head in glaucomatous and non‐glaucomatous individuals
Authors: Kisonaite Konstancija , Yu Zhaohua , Soderberg Per 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To quantify the cross‐sectional surface area of the retinal gangion cell axons in the optic nerve had (ONH) in glaucomatous subjects with an AI‐based method.Methods: From each of 16 subjects aged 50–79, eight with early to manifest glaucoma and eight without glaucoma, one 3D OCT‐capture from one eye was analysed for cross‐sectional surface area. The segmentation model was based on the concept of measuring the minimal distance between the central limit of the pigmental epithelium (ONH Pigmental epithelium, Central Limit, OPCL), and the inner limit of the retina (Inner limit of the Retina, Closest Point, IRCP). The OCT volume was resampled into 500 radial slices at equidistant angles around the center of the ONH. In each angle, coordinates for OPCL and IRCP were recorded. The coordinates were then used to compute the area of surface elements in to each angle. For each subject, the average cross‐sectional surface area around the circumference of the ONH as the Pigmental epithelium – Inner limit of the retina Minimal Area (PIMA) was calculated as PIMA‐2π.Results: A 95% confidence interval for PIMA‐2π was estimated to 0.86 ± 0.12 mm2 (df = 7) in the glaucomatous group, and 1.85 ± 0.17 mm2 in the non‐glaucomatous control group (df = 7). There was a difference in means between the glaucomatous and non‐glaucomatous group (t‐test for independent groups; test statistic = −8.75, t0.05(2):14 = 2.15).Conclusions: In the glaucomatous group, PIMA‐2π was significantly smaller. Furthermore, the results agree with other similar studies. Points annotated by our deep learning algorithms can be used to compute cross‐sectional surface area of the nerve fibre layer in the ONH with accurate results.
Adeno‐associated virus (AAV) knock‐down of amyloid precursor protein attenuates retinal ganglion cell degeneration in experimental glaucoma
Authors: Godinez Angela , Rajput Rashi , Chitranshi Nitin , Gupta Vivek , Graham Stuart 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and visual field loss are distinctive features of primary open angle glaucoma. Similar pathologies have been observed in Alzheimer's Disease patients, concomitant to amyloid‐β aggregation. Here, we investigated the effect of amyloid precursor protein (APP) modulation in the retina and examined the potential neuroprotective effects of APP knock‐down (APP‐KD) in experimental glaucoma.Methods: AAV‐PHP.eB constructs for APP‐KD (NM_000484) and positive scramble controls were transfected in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to validate their expression. Wild‐type C57BL/6J mice (n = 30) were then transduced with APP‐KD (n = 10) or scramble (n = 10) vectors intravenously. Experimental chronic glaucoma was induced via weekly intraocular microbead injections for 8 weeks. Inner retinal function was assessed using positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) amplitudes. Structural RGC changes were quantified using haematoxylin and eosin staining and manual cell count.Results: All microbead‐injected eyes showed significantly increased intraocular pressure (Mean ± SEM; Microbead vs. Control; 27.98 ± 0.78 mmHg vs. 10.01 ± 0.13 mmHg). In glaucomatous conditions, there was significant preservation of the RGC layer in APP‐KD treated eyes, compared to scramble and microbead‐only eyes (p < 0.002) (Mean ± SEM; Microbead/APP‐KD vs. Microbead/Scramble vs. Microbead‐only; 41.57 ± 1.61 vs. 37.73 ± 1.50 vs. 35.43 ± 0.95 cells/300 μm). However, there was no significant changes in pSTR amplitudes of glaucomatous APP‐KD eyes, compared to scramble and microbead‐only eyes (p = 0.653).Conclusions: AAV‐PHP.eB mediated APP‐KD confers significant protection of the RGC layer in glaucomatous eyes, however this protection was not sustained functionally. The molecular mechanisms by which APP‐KD may impart neuroprotection and ameliorate APP neurotoxicity are unclear. Further studies will include biochemical evaluation of synaptic and cellular stress markers.
Optical coherence angiography of optic disc in eyes with primary open‐angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma with equal levels of structural damage
Authors: Halkiadakis Ioannis , Kollia Elpida , Tzimis Vasilis , Tzakos Michalis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare visual field (VF), nerve fibre and ganglion cell loss and changes in peripapillary vasculature in age matched patients with normal‐tension (NTG) and high tension glaucoma (HTG) at an equal level of glaucomatous structural damage of the optic nerve head (ONH).Methods: For the present study a retrospective analysis of patients with NTG and HTG was performed. One eye of each patient was randomly assigned for further analysis. To provide a reliable case by case match of HTG and NTG eyes, an equal optic disk size as measured by available spectral‐domain OCT system (RTVue XR OCT Avanti System; Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA) and an equal estimated excavation of the optic disk were chosen. Optic nerve head parameters, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) ganglion cell (GCC) thickness and vessel densities (VD) in the peripapillary area were measured automatically by OCT with a respective software. Forty eyes with NTG, were matched according to the same glaucomatous ONH damage based on cup to disc ratio rim area and disc size with 40 eyes with HTG.Results: Mean age of patients was 68.5 ± 12 (27–84) years. The visual field index, RNFL, GCC thickness and peripapillary VDs in the HTG eyes were similar to those in the NTG eyes (mean VFI 79.6 vs. 78.8 p = 0.84, mean RNFL thickness 71.5 vs. 72.05 μm p = 0.87, mean GCC thickness 76.2 vs. 74.5 μm p = 0.62, mean peripapillary VD 43.6 vs. 43.8% p = 0.87). There was no difference in sectoral RNFL thickness and peripapillary VDs between HTG and NTG. In both groups, univariate regression analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient showed VFI significantly correlated with RNFL thickness (NTG r = 0.423 p = 0.006 HTG r = 0.514 p = 0.002), and peripapillary VD (NTG r = 0.793 p < 0.001 HTG p = 0.534 p = 0.001) in both groups but with GCC thickness (NTG r = 0.585 p < 0.001) only in eyes with NTG.Conclusions: At an equal level of glaucomatous structural damage of the ONH indicated by cup to disk ratio and RNFL thickness, NTG patients seem to have same losses of peripapillary vasculature. Visual field index correlated with RNFL thickness and peripapillary vessel density in both groups.
Ocular surface manifestations and SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection in conjunctival swabs of patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 pneumonia: A Belgian cohort
Authors: Valyi Zsuzsanna , Khalil Maria , Van den Wijngaert Sigi , Konopnicki Deborah , Willermain François , Bruyneel Marie 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Previous studies show a great variability of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA detection rates in tear fluids. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the tear fluid of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and to evaluate systemic and ophthalmic clinical features in a Belgian cohort.Methods: Adult patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 pneumonia confirmed by a chest computer tomography (CT) were included. Patients with a recent diagnosis or exacerbation of an ocular pathology were excluded.After completing an ocular symptom questionnaire, patients underwent a macroscopic ocular exam and a conjunctival swab. A reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed on the swabs to identify SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. Clinicobiological data (C reactive protein, lymphocyte count, CT scan, risk factors and symptoms) and PCR results of both ocular and nasopharyngeal samples were collected.Results: Fifty‐eight patients were included between September 2020 and May 2021. 43 (74.1%) were male, the median age was 56 (min 32 ‐max 93). 54 (93.1%) of the nasopharyngeal swabs were positive. Two (3.45%) had a positive conjunctival PCR: one with <10 E3 copies/ml, the second highly positive with > = 10E3 ‐ < 10 E5 copies/ml. Both were males without any ocular symptoms. 13 patients (22%) presented ocular symptoms such as tearing (69.23%), redness (53.85%), burning 38% or itching 15.38%. All but one reported that the symptoms started at the beginning of their SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (92.31%). Statistical analysis by linear regression found that there was a significant statistical correlation between the presence of ocular symptoms and neurological symptoms (p = 0.021).Conclusions: It is possible to find tear fluids with a high viral load but the probability of this occurrence appears to be rather low. The presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in tears was however not associated with the presence of symptoms in this study. Ocular symptoms may not be related to the presence of the virus itself.
Loss of neuroserpin exacerbates retinal ganglion cell dysfunction in neuroserpin knockout mice following chronic increase in intraocular pressure
Authors: Rajput Rashi , Chitranshi Nitin , Godinez Angela , Pushpitha Kanishka , Basavarajappa Devaraj , Gupta Vivek , Graham Stuart 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Recent studies have shown neuroserpin (NS) plays a critical role in several neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroprotective role of NS administration in the retina has been reported in an ischemic/reperfusion mouse model of glaucoma. Here, we studied the effect of neuroserpin loss on retinal integrity in normal and experimental glaucoma condition in NS knockout (NS−/−) mice.Methods: NS−/− and C57BL/6J wild type (WT) mice were subjected to weekly intraocular microbead injection for 8‐weeks (n = 40). Positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) at −4.3log cd s/m2 and electroretinography (ERG) at 3.1 log cd s/m2 were recorded using Phoenix Ganzfeld at the 8‐week time point. Eye and optic nerve (ON) tissues were harvested after 8‐weeks for histological analysis (retina‐ haematoxylin and eosin and ON‐ toluidine blue staining) and biochemical evaluation.Results: NS−/− mice showed significant decline in pSTR amplitude (p < 0.0001) with loss of no. of cells in GCL (p < 0.0001) compared to WT in both normal and glaucoma (IOP: 28.5 ± 1.97 mmHg) conditions. However, no change in whole retinal scotopic ERG was observed in NS−/− and WT mice in both conditions. Plasmin inhibitory assay showed the loss of NS inhibitory activity in NS−/− retinas with or without glaucoma (p < 0.004). ON histology staining showed significant loss of axonal density (p < 0.0001) in NS−/− mice compared to WT in normal condition, however glaucoma exacerbated axonal loss in NS−/− compared to WT mice. Increased expression of autophagy markers, Beclin1 and LC3II/I were confirmed in NS−/− retinal lysates in both normal and glaucoma conditions. TUNEL positive cells were significantly higher in the GCL of retinal sections of NS−/− mice in glaucoma (p < 0.002).Conclusions: NS ablation worsens inner retinal structural and functional damage in glaucoma. This study establishes that absence of neuroserpin in the experimental glaucoma mice increases autophagic response in degenerating retinal cells. The exact molecular mechanism of neuroserpin on autophagy remains undefined. Future biochemical studies will explain the neuroserpin‐autophagy signalling network involvement in the retinal cells in glaucoma.
Anterior‐segment swept‐source ocular coherence tomography and scheimpflug imaging agreement for keratometry and pupil measurements in healthy eyes
Authors: Bartolomé Francisco Pérez , Gonzalez Rocio Vega , Nieves Jorge Peraza , Moreno Jose María Ruiz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: This study examines agreement between the devices Anterion® and Pentacam HR® used for corneal and pupil measurements in healthy eyes.Methods: The parameters compared between the two devices were: anterior Km (D), anterior K2 (D), anterior K1 (D), anterior K1 axis (°), anterior astigmatism (D), anterior K max (D), posterior Km (D), posterior K2 (D), posterior K1 (D), posterior K1 axis (°), posterior astigmatism (D), CCT (μm), thinnest point thickness (μm), thinnest point X‐coordinate (mm), thinnest point Y‐coordinate (mm), pupil diameter (mm), pupil center‐corneal vertex distance (mm) (angle kappa), pupil centroid angle (°), pupil centroid X‐coordinate (mm), and pupil centroid Y‐coordinate (mm).Results: The Student's t test for independent samples identified significant differences (p < 0.05) between devices for the measurements anterior and posterior flat K axis, posterior flat K, steep K, and mean K. For these last three measurements, although significant, none of the differences were clinically relevant. Corneal power and thickness measurements except Kf axis showed excellent agreement between Anterion and Pentacam. Pupil diameter differed significantly between both groups (p < 0.05).Conclusions: In a clinical setting we would not recommend the interchangeable use of Pentacam and Anterion for measurement of pupil parameters.
Focal laser photocoagulation treatment in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: Long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Houmane Yasmine , Meriem Ouederni , Maamouri Rym , Sassi Hela , Cheour Monia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To report the long‐term effect and safety of focal laser photocoagulation treatment (FLPT), in a case of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).Methods: We reviewed a 56‐month follow‐up (April 2017–January 2022) of a 54‐year‐old woman with PCV. The diagnosis was made using indocyanine green angiography (ICG‐A). The measured outcomes of the effect of FLPT were changes in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), complications, regression, and recurrence of polypoidal lesions based on fundoscopy, B‐scan swept source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) and ICG‐A.Results: At the time of diagnosis, the patient had extensive subretinal exudation and haemorrhage in the right eye (RE) related to foveal and juxtapapillary polypoidal lesions. She received 12 bevacizumab intravitreal injections and treatment was interrupted because of extensive macular fibrosis. In the left eye (LE), she had extrafoveal polypoidal lesions with a BCVA of 20/25. At 8 months follow‐up, a decrease in BCVA to 20/50 was noted. Therefore, a first round of FLPT associated with three bevacizumab intravitreal injections, was performed. Four months post‐FLPT, regression of the polypoidal lesions was obtained with a BCVA of 20/25. BCVA and multimodal imaging remained stable for 2 years. The left eye showed recurrence of extrafoveal polypoidal lesions 35 months after FLPT, with a BCVA of 20/50. A second round of FLPT was performed, with a regression of the polypoidal lesions after 1 month, and a stabilization of BCVA at 20/30. After 14 months, BCVA was 20/50, and no signs of recurrence were detected on multimodal imaging. No complications were observed after the two rounds of FLPT.Conclusions: FLPT can be efficient and safe in treating eyes with PCV with extrafoveal polypoidal lesions. In this case, it allowed us to obtain the regression of polypoidal lesions and to maintain visual acuity without serious hemorrhagic complications during the 56‐month follow‐up.
Effect of crystalline lens on visual quality in pterygium patients before surgery
Authors: Arias‐García Elena , Navarro A. Susana Ortí , Ajenjo Amparo Díez , García‐Domene Mª. Carmen , Cobija Maria Josefa Luque , Martínez Cristina Peris 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The aim of our study was to assess the visual quality of pterygium patients with total ocular aberrations, and not only corneal aberrations.Methods: 46 eyes of 37 pterygium patients (mean age 48 ± 15 years) were evaluated in a retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were primary pterygium, without any previous surgical treatment. Before surgery, subjective refraction, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), with an EDTRS optotype chart, and Zernike coefficients for a 5 millimetres (mm) pupil diameter measured with an Alcon LadarWave total aberrometer (Fort Worth, Texas, USA) were determined. Pterygium size in mm was measured by an experienced ophthalmologist using a slit beam of light from the limbus to the limit of the pterygium. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26.0. The Kruskal‐Wallis test with the Tukey–Kramer criterion was used to examine the influence of the extent of corneal invasion on manifest refraction and Zernike coefficients. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Bonferroni criterion was performed to compare different extent values. A p value less than or equal to 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The sample was divided in four groups, according to the extent of corneal invasion. The upper limits of each category were 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm, with 9, 20, 11 and 6 patients in each group, respectively. Preoperatively spheres more positive were found at high corneal invasion groups, statistically significant between 1 and 3 mm, and between 2 and 3 mm (p = 0.013 and p = 0.011) and cylinder axes were between 20° and 50° in all groups. CDVA was lower in patients with greater corneal invasion. Regarding total ocular aberrations, statistically significant differences between groups were found only in a reduced set of Zernike polynomials but oblique astigmatism (2,‐2) appeared in most of the comparatives. Most of the Zernike coefficients, were out of normal limits, compared to control values, including spherical aberration.Conclusions: Pterygium‐induced aberrations also modify the visual quality of patients when the effect of the crystalline lens aberrations is considered, the conclusions are similar to those derived from corneal aberrations. CDVA was lower preoperatively in patients with greater corneal invasion (4 mm).