bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave and RF photonic temporal integrator based on a soliton crystal Kerr microcomb
Authors: Moss David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate a photonic RF integrator based on an integrated soliton crystal micro-comb source. By multicasting and progressively delaying the input RF signal using a transversal structure, the input RF signal is integrated discretely. Up to 81 wavelengths are provided by the microcomb source, which enable a large time-bandwidth product of 81. Our approach also features a high degree of reconfigurability, by simply adjusting the value of dispersion (i.e., the length of dispersive fibre), the integration time window and resolution can be reconfigured to accommodate a diverse range of applications. We employed 13 km of standard single-mode fibre to achieve a large integration time window of ~6.8 ns, a time resolution as fast as ~84 ps, with a broad bandwidth of 11.9 GHz. In addition, we perform signal integration of a diverse range of input RF signals including Gaussian pulses with varying time widths, dual pulses with varying time intervals and a square waveform. The experimental results show good agreement with theory. These results verify our microcomb-based integrator as a competitive approach for RF signal integration with high performance and potentially lower cost and footprint.
Hopfion rings in a cubic chiral magnet
Authors: Kiselev Nikolai , Zheng Fengshan , Rybakov Filipp , Yang Luyan , Blügel Stefan , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions and hopfions are topological solitons1, well-localized field configurations that have gained significant attention over the past decade due to their unique particle-like properties, making them promising objects for spintronic applications. Skyrmions2,3 are two-dimensional solitons resembling vortex-like string structures that can penetrate an entire sample. Hopfions4-9 are three-dimensional solitons confined within a magnetic sample volume and can be considered as closed twisted skyrmion strings that take the shape of a ring in the simplest case. Despite extensive research on magnetic skyrmions, the direct observation of magnetic hopfions has remained challenging. Here, we present the first direct observations of coupled states of hopfions and skyrmion strings in FeGe plates using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, we provide a protocol for nucleating hopfion rings around skyrmion strings in confined samples, which we verify using Lorentz imaging and electron holography. Our results are highly reproducible, in full agreement with micromagnetic simulations, and offer new insight into the diversity of topological solitons in three-dimensional chiral magnets and their potential for practical applications.
CD44v6 downregulation as a prognostic factor for distant recurrence in resected stage I lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Yoshida Chihiro , Kadota Kyuichi , Yamada Kaede , Fujimoto Syusuke , Ibuki Emi , Ishikawa Ryo , Haba Reiji , Yajima Toshiki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: CD44 and CD44 variant isoforms have been reported as contributing factors to cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to assess whether CD44 and its variant isoforms were correlated with the prognostic factors for distant metastasis in stage I lung adenocarcinomas using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry.
Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we analyzed the data of 490 patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma resected between 1999 and 2016. We constructed tissue microarrays and performed immunohistochemistry for CD44s, CD44v6, and CD44v9. The risk of disease recurrence and its associations with clinicopathological risk factors were assessed.
Results: CD44v6 expression was significantly associated with recurrence. Patients with CD44v6-negative tumors had a significantly increased risk of developing distant recurrence than patients with CD44v6-positive tumors (5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR), 10.7% vs. 4.6%; P = 0.009). However, CD44v6-negative tumors were not associated with an increased risk of locoregional recurrence compared to CD44v6-positive tumors (5-year CIR, 6.0% vs. 4.0%; P = 0.39). The overall survival (OS) of patients with CD44v6-negative tumors was significantly lower than that of patients with CD44v6-positive tumors (5-year OS: 87% vs. 94%, P = 0.016). CD44v6-negative tumors were also associated with invasive tumor size and lymphovascular invasion.
Conclusion: Even in stage I disease, tumors with negative-CD44v6 expression had more distant recurrences than those with positive-CD44v6 expression and were associated with poor prognosis in resected stage I lung adenocarcinomas. Thus, CD44v6 downregulation may be a prognostic factor for distant metastasis in stage I lung adenocarcinomas.
Assessment of the awareness of CPR concepts among medical students in the Syrian Private University.
Authors: Hasan Shahad Al Hattab Al , Zoda Aws , Ruqmani Najwa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A cross sectional study was conducted on Syiran Private University students. A questionnaire was used that was created under the supervision of a specialist physician, and filled out by students. When asked if they were able to save a person who had a heart attack outside the scope of health care, 215 students answered yes, at a rate of 47%, while the remaining 241 students answered no, at a rate of 53%.
Do Institutions Control Carbon Emissions Due to Globalization and Growth? Analysis of Saarc and Asean Regions
Authors: Aslam Naveed , Yang Wanping 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study looks into how institutions could assist SAARC and ASEAN nations in lowering carbon emissions brought on by globalization and economic growth from 2000 to 2021. For empirical analysis, this study uses Pooled OLS, fixed effect, and random effect models to overcome the endogeneity, two stages least squares (2SLS) instrumental variables are used. This study provides initial evidence in favor of the growth-emission nexus environmental kuznet curve theory. Second, this study also justified the findings of existing studies that globalization increases carbon emissions in both regions. More importantly, this study indicates that institutions can play important role in lowering carbon emissions resulting from globalization and growth. The study recommends that better working institutions can help the government to indicate high carbon emitting units and to formulate environmental regulations for production units for a sustainable environment.
JEL Classification: Q01 E02 F64 N15 N15
Effects of Viscosity Ratio and Surface Wettability on Viscous Fingering Instability in Rectangular Channel
Authors: SINGH AKHILESHWAR , Pandey Krishna Murari , Singh Yogesh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article reports the effects of viscosity ratio and surface wettability on immiscible viscous fingering instability in the rectangular channel. A series of numerical investigations perform at various viscosity ratios (VR), i.e., VR ε (0.0009, 0.5), and, walls wettability (θ) i.e., θ ε (15°, 150°). The volume of fluid model (VOF) is used to capture the propagation of finger-shaped instability on the fluids interface. We find that, at a large viscosity ratio, displacement efficiency will be more. And, necking formation is observed at low VR and it disappears at large VR. A finger-shaped pattern breaks into two parts at wettability, 15° and above this, it does not break. The wettability shifts from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic then necking disappears. Displacement efficiency will be more for superhydrophobic wettability. It is observed that instability shifts the left side when wettability shifts from hydrophilic to hydrophilic. The findings of this article will be relevant to drug delivery, clinical process, and oil recovery.
Managing cows for higher fertility
Authors: Britt Jack H. 
Published: March 2023

Good fertility in dairy cows is important for profitable dairying. Fertility can be measured in several ways, but broad simple goals for reproductive performance are best for focusing on overall herd performance. Targets for overall herd reproductive performance are:
1. Al-sired heifers should calve at near 24 months of age.
2. Cows should calve without complications and start cycling by 4 weeks postpartum.
3. Cows should be bred at first and any subsequent heat beyond 50 days postpartum.
4. Calving interval for the herd should be 12 to 13 months.
5. At least 90% of the cows should breed back to produce another calf.
Prophylactic treatment of feedlot calves at processing with a long-acting oxytetracycline
Authors: Albak C. , Bradstock L. , Cruise L. , Erickson C. , Foulston R. , Horning J. , McCulloch M. 
Published: March 2023

Feedlot operators commonly face the highest morbidity and mortality in calves within the first few weeks of their arrival at their feedlots. The objectives of this investigation were to determine whether or not a single injection of sustained action oxytetracycline (oxytet LA) given to all calves at processing is economically beneficial, and second, whether or not this regimen would change the disease and/or death patterns in these animals. 1083 calves between 500 and 800 pounds arriving at a southern Alberta feedlot during November, 1985, were used in this trial. One half of the calves in each truckload (processing group) were given a single prophylactic intramuscular injection of 6 gms of oxytet LA; the other half were not medicated at this time and thus served as control animals.
Treatment rate for the medicated group was 58.7% versus 66.2% for the control group. A mortality of 2.2% was observed in the medicated group, and a significantly higher mortality of 6.0% in the control group. Morbidity occurred earlier and more frequently in the control group. There was a large reduction in average total health cost per head in the medicated group; the net benefit was $16.30 (Can.) per head.
Cecal dilatation and volvulus
Authors: Smith Donald F. 
Published: March 2023

Dilatation or volvulus of the cecum is the principal differential diagnostic ruleout for cows with an area of tympanitic resonance centered over the right paralumbar fossa. Because passage of digesta between the cecum and the ascending colon is not impeded by the presence of a cecocolic valve or constriction, distention of the cecum invariably results in concurrent dilatation of the proximal loop of the ascending colon (proximal colon) or portions of the spiral or distal loops of the ascending colon.
Dilatation of the cecum is a condition of mild severity and may be asymptomatic, with the diagnosis being made during routine examination of the cow for other purposes. The cecum becomes distended with gas and expands into the pelvic inlet with the apex directed caudally. In contrast, volvulus of the cecum is an acute, life-threatening condition characterized by abdominal distention, absence of feces, colic, and death if untreated. In this condition, the cecum and (usually) the first two segments of the proximal colon twist about the mesentery causing incarceration and eventually strangulation obstruction of the affected portions of the bowel. True cecal torsion; that is, twisting of the cecum on its longitudinal axis, is rare. Usually, reports of cecal torsion should be described more accurately as volvulus.
Production of marker bulls
Authors: Trent A. M. 
Published: March 2023

In order to be effective, a procedure for producing marker animals must meet four requirements. First, insemination of the female by the marker animal must be prevented. Second, transmission of venereal disease from the marker or from cow to cow via the marker must be avoided. Third, the marker must retain sufficient libido to actively pursue fertile females throughout the breeding period. Finally, the procedure must be economically feasible to perform, meaning that the procedure is technically simple to perform, is not inordinately expensive, and does not have a high morbidity or mortality. The multitude of precedures available indicate that no one procedure has yet been identified that optimally fulfills all 4 requirements. While each technique has its individual proponents, objective comparisons of techniques under equivalent field conditions are minimal or absent. The following paper will describe several of the more common procedures and discuss their ability to fulfill each of the 4 requirements.
Prevention of impregnation by the marker is achieved in three basic ways—prevention of viable sperm production, prevention of sperm transportation to the penis, or prevention of transportation of semen from the marker into the female reproductive tract. Elimination of disease transmission by the marker is approached in two ways—prevention of intromission or use of a disease free marker. Preservation of libido depends on maintenance of circulating hormone levels, and to some extent on preservation of neuroendocrine feedback occurring during the act of copulation.
Evaluating herd reproductive status using the dairyCHAMP program
Authors: Williamson Norman B. 
Published: March 2023

We must use reproductive records to select the cows which should be examined by veterinarians. They may be at risk or fail to meet targets. The DairyCHAMP program allows this to be done for predetermined categories of cows, but we set the intervals used in their selection. Thus, expert palpators may select for pregnancy diagnosis at 30 days and occasional palpators may set the selection for 49 days.
We need to monitor herd performance by comparing reproductive indices to herd targets to identify opportunities to improve herd production efficiency. Many indices of reproductive performance have been described, so it may be difficult and confusing to decide which indices to use and how to use them. The DairyCHAMP program provides calculated indices which are derived in an epidemiologically correct and consistent manner to allow herd performance to be reliably monitored and evaluated.
This paper highlights some features of the DairyCHAMP program in the evaluation of reproductive performance in dairy herds. It considers reproductive indices and their use to monitor herd reproductive performance to keep herds profitable.
Rectal palpation
Authors: Momont Harry 
Published: March 2023

Rectal palpation is considered by most to be a safe, accurate method for pregnancy diagnosis in cows from about day 30 to 35 of pregnancy until term. Diagnosis is possible a few days earlier in heifers. A diagnosis of nonpregnant should never be made until the uterus has been retracted and carefully palpated along its entire length.
Differential diagnoses that should be considered for pregnancy in the cow include pyometra, fetal mummification, fetal death and/or maceration, segmental aplasia with accumulation of fluid, adhesions of the reproductive tract to other abdominal organs, uterine lymphoma, abscesses of the reproductive tract, and ovarian tumors. Mistakes involving these conditions should not be made if the examiner relies on the positive signs of pregnancy mentioned above.
Nutritional strategies for small herds
Authors: Galligan David T. , Ferguson James 
Published: March 2023

Effective herd health programs are traditionally based on strategies to control disease prevalence so that farm profit is maximized. In the past veterinary services focused on improving production efficiency primarily through reproductive consultation and mastitis control programs. Veterinary nutritional consulting has only recently become an integral component of herd health programs and it is gradually becoming recognized that sound management advice in this area may have a greater impact on economic efficiency than other traditional services. A survey of ration evaluation revealed a mean potential 14% feed cost saving through ration reformulation.
Nutrition is an important economic input component for the dairy herd, large or small. Feed can range from 40-60% of the value of milk production depending on herd size and on efficiency of production. Small herds, which do not enjoy the economies of scale effects on feed prices realized by large herds will tend to have higher feed cost/lb of product produced. Inefficient feeding programs will have a higher proportional effect on small farm profitability.
Semen sexing
Authors: Stroud Brad 
Published: March 2023

Can we indeed, predetermine the gender of farm animals through the use of sexed semen? For years, animal scientists, mothers, fathers, aunts, uncles, cousins, soothsayers, Ouija boards, barbers, and shoe salesmen have all boasted about a 50% success rate. Not bad, but cattle ranchers across America need a little more substance than that before opening up their pocket books for sexed semen.
To be accepted in the real world of cattle breeding, sexed semen should be predictable to the 90% level, provide pregnancy rates comparable to existing AI standards, and affordable. Currently, the world offers no such services to the cattle industry. However, there is some promising technology in this field that at least offers some hope for the future.
Unusual multiple abnormalities in a bovine reproductive tract
Authors: Hailat Nabil , Fathalla Mahmound , Lafi Shawkat , Al-Rawashdeh Odeh 
Published: March 2023

Not all genital disease in cattle, whether congenital or acquired, can be diagnosed by the usual clinical methods. Studies on slaughterhouse materials can be very useful in detecting certain diseases that may be missed by the practicing veterinarian. The examination of 228 bovine reproductive tracts at the slaughterhouse revealed 7 .8% were abnormal on gross examination. In another study of 500 specimens to determine the incidence of ovarian diseases, 2.8% and 1 % of the reproductive tracts exhibited ovarian cysts and paraovarian cysts, respectively. Congenital abnormalities such as Bartholin gland cyst in a cow have also been associated with ovarian cysts of cows. In our two previous surveys, we have not observed multiple abnormalities in the reproductive tracts of cows.
The objective of this report is to provide macroscopic description of a Gartner's duct cyst, ovarian cyst, paraovarian cyst and a parametrial abscess as well as hemorrhagic cystitis in the reproductive tract of a cow slaughtered at Irbid slaughterhouse. The macroscopic appearance and histopathologic lesion of a perimetrial mass are also described.
Outcomes following facilitated ankylosis to treat septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in beef bulls
Authors: Jordan Brianna A. , Lozier Jospeh W. , Parker Elizabeth M. , Niehaus Andrew J. , Baker Madison R. , Lakritz Jeffrey 
Published: March 2023

Facilitated ankylosis (FA) is a procedure performed to treat septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) in ruminants. The aim of this procedure is to restore function to the affected digit, providing improved long-term positive outcome. This study describes the outcome of FA in 22 client-owned midwestern beef breeding bulls due to DIPJ sepsis between January 1, 2006 and July 31, 2018. Follow up information was obtained by telephone questionnaire. Signalment, treatment history, diagnostic data, surgical data, postoperative treatment and complications, and long-term outcomes were recorded and described.
Of the 22 beef bulls that underwent a FA, follow-up information was provided for 19. Fourteen of the 19 bulls were successfully used as breeders post-operatively. Increased age and weight were positively correlated with successful breeding long term. Forelimb vs hindlimb disease and laterality of digit affected did not significantly affect outcome. Overall, client satisfaction was high.
In conclusion, beef bulls undergoing a FA of the DIPJ have a good prognosis for long-term breeding regardless of history and clinical presentation. FA should be considered for treatment of septic arthritis in beef bulls.
Can anybody hear me?
Authors: Richter Elsa 
Published: March 2023

Student evaluations of online classes are frequently lower than their face-to-face counterparts, and one of the most common explanations students provide for poor online class evaluations is a lack of communication. One phenomenon that has been shown to improve communication as well as learning outcomes is positive interdependence, the collaborative – not competitive – reliance of student group members on each other in order to achieve mutual group success. Not only does collaborative learning encourage better participation and learning outcomes, but it offers a more natural learning style for students from collectivist cultures than the independent learning environment that online courses often provide. This makes the community of inquiry framework, which values social, teaching, and cognitive presences, appropriate when designing online teaching and learning environments for English learners. However, in a synchronous chat-based online class, social presence may manifest differently than in asynchronous text-based online classes. This paper presents a single qualitative case study of a synchronous online English for Academic Purposes class for Chinese high school students. The study introduces and evaluates the presence of indicators of social presence among the students in an especially non-communicative group. Findings and implications for future research and practice of social presence in collaborative learning environments in online English for Academic Purposes classes are discussed.
Keywords: intercultural communication, learner motivation, online courses, social presence
Tactics of expectorant medicine use in pediatric practice
Authors: Zakirov I. I. , Generalova E. V. , Rizvanova F. F. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction. Cough is one of the most frequent complaint when contacting a pediatrician. One of the mechanisms of cough development is the formation of viscous difficult-to-separate sputum. Therefore, determining the tactics of using expectorants and choosing the most effective and safe drug is an important part of the pediatrician’s work.Аim. Тo study the tactics of expectorant medicines use in pediatric practice.Materials and methods. The study included 84 patients with acute respiratory viral infections accompanied by cough, including 36 (42.85%) girls and 48 (57.15%) boys. The age of the children ranged from 4 to 7 years and averaged 5.57 ± 0.88 years. The drug of herbal syrups based on ivy extract in the form of syrup was prescribed to children in a dosage of 2.5 ml 4 times a day for 7 days. The effectiveness of the drug was evaluated on a scale of improvement/worsening of cough symptoms. In addition, the frequency of coughing, the ease of sputum discharge and the well-being of patients according to VAS were evaluated. The safety of the drug was assessed by identifying signs of the development of adverse events. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the SPSS 12.0 program.Results and discussion. After 7 days of the medicine using, a significant decrease in the frequency and severity of cough was recorded, as well as relief of sputum discharge in most children. 84.52% of children had no cough after the first week of therapy. In this regard, their well-being has significantly improved. No adverse events were detected during the use of the drug. Very few herbal medicinal products are manufactured for young children, whereas it is herbal therapy that is the most suitable for use at this age. The study of the effects of herbal medicinal products containing ivy leaf extracts approved for use in children from birth showed promising results.Conclusions. The use of the drug of herbal syrups based on ivy extract in preschool children contributes to a significant reduction in the frequency of cough, relief of sputum discharge and improvement of patients’ well-being. The drug is safe – there were no adverse events during its use.