bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a taxonomy to describe offspring outcomes in studies involving pregnant mammals’ exposure to non-tobacco nicotine: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Phillips Lucy , Thomson Ross , Coleman-Haynes Tom , Cooper Sue , Naughton Felix , Mcdaid Lisa , Emery Joanne , Coleman Tim 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Many countries recommend Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation in pregnancy. Preclinical studies of nicotine exposure to pregnant mammals could indicate how nicotine may adversely affect the developing fetus. As a first step towards summarising this literature, we undertook a systematic scoping review to determine the number and nature of offspring outcomes studied.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for papers reporting empirical data on offspring outcomes following nicotine exposure to pregnant non-human mammals. We excluded studies that investigated exposure to only smoking, e-cigarettes, nicotine vaccines, or studies with no ‘nicotine only’ group. We developed a draft taxonomy and using this, described and quantified outcomes reported.

Results
We identified 476 studies, which reported 729 offspring outcomes. The draft taxonomy classified outcomes as being measured in i) whole animals, ii) body systems and iii) ‘other’. Body system outcomes were further categorised as being functional changes, or changes at macroscopic or cellular levels. The most frequently used outcomes were those detecting changes in the brain (n = 265), physical parameters measured in whole animals (n = 122) and any respiratory system changes (n = 97).

Conclusions
This scoping review quantifies the nature and frequency of outcomes used in preclinical studies investigating the potential impacts of nicotine administration in pregnancy on offspring. Systematic reviews of studies investigating outcomes involving animal brains, respiratory system, or ‘whole animal’ outcomes may have greatest potential for further advancing knowledge regarding impacts of gestational nicotine exposure on offspring.

Protocol and registration
Protocol for this review can be found on Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ptmzc/).
Effect of monovalent electrolyte solutions on the human tear ferning pattern
Authors: Almutleb Essam S. , El-Hiti Gamal A. , Al-Dawas Hesham A. , Alanzi Mohammed K. , Alquwayi Mohammed , Alotaibi Abdullah G. , Baashen Mashaaer A. , Altoaimi Basal H. , Alanazi Saud A. , Masmali Ali M. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
To investigate the effect of the addition of a low concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) solutions on the tear ferning (TF) patterns of tears collected from humans.

Methods
A tear sample (20 μL) was collected from the right eye of 23 males and 7 females (25.4 ± 6.6 years). The tears were collected in one sitting for healthy subjects (N = 13). For dry eye participants (N = 17), the tear samples were collected in two separate settings with five minutes gap in between. A sample (1 μL) from each tear was dried on a glass slide, and the obtained ferns were observed using a microscope and graded using the five-point TF grading scale. Mixtures of tear samples (0.5 μL) and different volumes (0.5–2.5 μL) of each electrolyte (10–30 mg in 100 mL of water) solution were prepared, and their TF patterns were recorded and compared with those of the corresponding pure tears.

Results
Significant improvements (Wilcoxon test, P < 0.001) have been seen in the TF grades of the tear samples after the addition of NaCl and KCl solutions. A significant difference (Wilcoxon test, P = 0.016) was found between the TF grades when NaCl and KCl solutions were added to the tear samples. The TF grades of pure tears collected from dry-eye subjects ranged from 2.1 to 3.5, based on the five points grading scale, and decreased to be in the range of 0.4 to 1.6 after the addition of electrolyte solutions. While the TF grades of pure tears collected from normal-eye ranged from 1.2 to 1.9 and improved after the addition of electrolyte solution to be in the range of 0.4 to 1.5.

Conclusions
The TF test was used in vitro to assess the impact of the addition of a low concentration of sodium and potassium chloride solutions on tears collected from humans. The TF grades of human tears significantly improved after the addition of either sodium or potassium chloride solution. The mechanism for the improvement in TF grades due to the addition of electrolyte solutions must be investigated.
Factors associated with dose reduction of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A study based on real-world clinical data
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Chung Chiwook , Cho Hyo Sin , Kim Ho Cheol 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
Although pirfenidone slows disease progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in clinical practice, patients often cannot tolerate the recommended dose because of several adverse events. This study aimed to investigate adverse events associated with pirfenidone and factors associated with dose reduction.

Methods
This single-center retrospective cohort study included 156 consecutive patients with IPF who received pirfenidone. Demographic characteristics, pulmonary function, and pirfenidone-related adverse events were investigated. We compared patients who received standard and reduced doses of pirfenidone.

Results
The mean patient age was 69.7 years. The median follow-up duration was 243 days. The low-dose group (n = 73) included older patients (71.0 years vs. 67.4 years, p = 0.016), fewer smokers (80.8% vs. 96.4%, p = 0.008), and patients with a lower body mass index (BMI; 24.1 kg/m2 vs. 25.7 kg/m2, p = 0.027) than the standard dose group (n = 57). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (odds ratio = 1.066, p = 0.016) was significantly associated with dose reduction of pirfenidone after adjusting for sex, smoking history, emphysema, and BMI. No significant difference was found in the rates of a reduced forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide between the two groups.

Conclusions
Although older patients are more likely to undergo dose reduction of pirfenidone, low-dose pirfenidone might be effective for treating patients with IPF. Low-dose pirfenidone could be considered an effective treatment option for older patients with IPF.
Factors influencing intention to participate in breast cancer screening. An exploratory structural model
Authors: López-Panisello María Belén , Pérez-Lacasta María José , Rué Montserrat , Carles-Lavila Misericòrdia 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe paper has two objectives. The first one examines whether informing women about the benefits and adverse effects of breast cancer screening could have an effect on three variables: their knowledge, the importance women attach to the future consequences of their current decisions (time perspective), and the degree to which women are worried about developing breast cancer (worry). The second one examines whether these three variables affect their intention to participate in the screening, either directly or indirectly through their feeling of regret if they do not attend the screening (anticipated regret); through their values and the support they receive in making their decisions (decisional conflict); and, through the perceived acceptability and benefits of the screening programme (attitude).MethodsPartial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is used to analyse both objectives and to differentiate between direct, indirect, and moderating effects, due to the incorporation in the model of the three mediating variables (anticipated regret, decisional conflict, and attitude) and a moderating variable (educational level).ResultsInformation affects knowledge (objective variable), but not the behavioural variables (time perspective and worry). On the other hand, the level of knowledge has no direct or indirect effect on intention, but behavioural variables do affect it through the mediating variables.ConclusionsThe variables of the planned behaviour theory are relevant to understand women’s decisions and to be able to take appropriate health policy measures. Doing so, the processes of personalised screening would improve, or there would be the incorporation of shared decision-making in this context; these being demands associated with the most recent goals achieved in health programmes in many countries.
Determining Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Changes Using Remote Sensing Method in Lüleburgaz and LULC Change's Impacts on SDGs
Authors: Agdas Merve Guroglu , Yenen Zekiye 
Published: February 2023

Urbanization is among the human activities that affect the quality of urban life and sustainable urban development at a global scale. For monitoring human-induced changes in cities, studies on the changes in land use/land cover (LULC) based on a series of satellite images along with geographic information systems (GIS) are widely used. This study aims to evaluate the LULC changes in Lüleburgaz between 2001 and 2021. For this purpose, the impacts of urban growth on natural areas and how these areas are handled in the context of sustainable development goals are examined, and the effects of urbanization on land use change are evaluated. The accuracy of the LULC maps was evaluated by means of the general accuracy index and the Kappa index. The overall accuracy rates of the land use maps for 2001, 2010, and 2021 were 96.32%, 93.66%, and 95.91%, respectively, while Kappa values were 0.95, 0.91, 0.94. These results indicate that, due to the effect of rapid urbanization and population growth over the last two decades, the built environment increased by 4.82% and the agricultural land has decreased by 4.88%. This result is a testament to the upward trend in the built environment at the expense of depleting a significant amount of agricultural land. The findings of the study provide useful data that can aid authorities in making conscious decisions to achieve sustainable urban planning and to improve environmental conditions.
Keywords: Urbanization, Land use/land cover change, Agricultural land, Sustainable development goals (SDGs), Remote sensing
Socioeconomic Determinants of Life Expectancy: Southeastern European Countries
Authors: Karma Emiljan 
Published: February 2023

This paper analyses the socioeconomic determinants of life expectancy in Southeastern Europe countries highlighting the most important factors that can affect life expectancy in this part of Europe.
Two Panel Data Regression with fixed–effects model was applied for 20 years from 2000 to 2019. Eight socioeconomic and environmental explanatory variables were used to verify their influence on life expectancy.
The analysis highlights the important influence of factors such as urbanization; GDP per capita; fertility rate; education; marital status; CO2 emission and the non-significant influence of other factors, such as health expenditure or health care out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure. This study points out that healthcare spending (public and/or household out-of-pocket spending) is not a significant factor in improving life expectancy in SEE countries. Results illustrate that GDP per capita; urbanization, CO2 emissions, and fertility rate are the most influential and significant explanatory factors. A surprising result concerns marital status, which in this study affects life expectancy inversely in one of the panel regressions.
Life expectancy is a very important and expressive outcome indicator for public health. Each country is committed to spending public money to improve people's quality of life, which translates into a longer life (Life expectancy), or even better, a longer and healthier life (Health Adjusted Life Expectancy). The results of this study, considering the demographic development of the SEE countries (low fertility rate and aged people), show that policymakers need to consider public healthcare organization and reassess the effectiveness of public health expenditure. On the other hand, the balanced urbanization process with a clean ecosystem (less CO2 emissions) conducts a better life quality (consequently an improved life expectancy).
Keywords: Panel data analysis; Life Expectancy; Public Health; SEE Countries
Jel Classification: C33; H51; I15
Fulminant Gastrointestinal Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Induced by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Authors: Patel Hiral S. , Crilley Thomas A. , Srivastav Jigisha , Savage Paul D. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that commonly affects the skin and bones and is found mostly in children. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in adults is rare and is diagnosed during a routine colonoscopy from the biopsy of polypoid lesions. The pathophysiology of LCH is unclear. We describe an adult patient with LCH in remission who presented with extensive GI involvement after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. This case report identifies severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 as a trigger for the worsening of LCH and adds more data to the literature, given this is the first case with fulminant GI involvement.
Infectious Proctitis Masquerading as Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome: A Potential Pitfall
Authors: Shafi Saba , Yearsley Martha , Chakraborty Subhankar 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Infectious proctitis (IP), caused by agents such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Herpes simplex, should be considered in patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease, especially in the high-risk factor setting such as human immunodeficiency virus. We describe a unique case of IP presenting as a solitary rectal ulcer raising the possibility of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Although the endoscopic findings and symptoms may be similar between solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, the pathogenesis and treatment are drastically different with distinct long-term implications, highlighting the need for correct diagnosis. Several treatment modalities were tried in our patient; however, subsequent treatment with valacyclovir caused complete resolution of the ulcer. Hence, there should be a high index of suspicion of IP in a high-risk setting.
Colon Adenocarcinoma Metastasis Through Ileocolic Fistula to Small Bowel in the Setting of Crohn's Disease
Authors: Tseng Michael T. , Syed Taseen , Zot Patricija , Vachhani Ravi 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Patients with Crohn's disease are at higher risk of developing colorectal cancer and gastrointestinal fistula. Few cases in the past described colorectal cancer metastasized within the gastrointestinal tract through a fistula. We report a case of sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma in a patient with Crohn's disease that metastasized to the ileum through an ileocolic fistula tract. In addition to presenting a unique pathological phenomenon in these patients, this case raises awareness of the importance of regular follow-up and early initiation of inflammatory bowel disease therapies.
Different Approaches to the Management of Cholecystoenteric Fistula
Authors: Ojemolon Pius Ehiremen , Kwei-Nsoro Robert , Haque Mahaim , Shah Mihir Prakash , Pinnam Bhanu , Almoghrabi Anas 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
A cholecystoenteric fistula is an anomalous communicating tract between the gallbladder and any segment of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a rare complication of gallstone disease and typically affects elderly patients with multiple medical comorbidities. These fistulae can present in a variety of ways, and the diagnosis is often made only after extensive workup. Despite notable advances in imaging techniques in the last half-century, a considerable number of cases are still discovered incidentally during open or laparoscopic surgery. We present a series of 3 cases, each with different etiologies and presentations, but all of whom were found to have a cholecystoenteric fistula. Each case was managed differently, highlighting the diversity of this intriguing condition.
Complementary Effect of the Proportion of Overspeed Frames of Withdrawal and Withdrawal Time on Reflecting Colonoscopy Quality: A Retrospective, Observational Study
Authors: Gong Rongrong , Yao Liwen , Zhang Lihui , Li Xun , Zhang Jun , Li Jiao , Jiang Xiaoda , Zhao Yu , Wang Junxiao , Zhang Chenxia , Wu Huiling , Lu Zihua , Mingkai Chen  , Honggang Yu  
Published: February 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Constructing quality indicators that reflect the defect of colonoscopy operation for quality audit and feedback is very important. Previously, we have established a real-time withdrawal speed monitoring system to control withdrawal speed below the safe speed. We aimed to explore the relationship between the proportion of overspeed frames (POF) of withdrawal and the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and to conjointly analyze the influence of POF and withdrawal time on ADR to evaluate the feasibility of POF combined with withdrawal time as a quality control indicator.

METHODS:
The POF was defined as the proportion of frames with instantaneous speed ≥44 in the whole colonoscopy video. First, we developed a system for the POF of withdrawal based on a perceptual hashing algorithm. Next, we retrospectively collected 1,804 colonoscopy videos to explore the relationship between POF and ADR. According to withdrawal time and POF cutoff, we conducted a complementary analysis on the effects of POF and withdrawal time on ADR.

RESULTS:
There was an inverse correlation between the POF and ADR (Pearson correlation coefficient −0.836). When withdrawal time was >6 minutes, the ADR of the POF ≤10% was significantly higher than that of POF >10% (25.30% vs 16.50%; odds ratio 0.463, 95% confidence interval 0.296–0.724, P < 0.01). When the POF was ≤10%, the ADR of withdrawal time >6 minutes was higher than that of withdrawal time ≤6 minutes (25.30% vs 21.14%; odds ratio 0.877, 95% confidence interval 0.667–1.153, P = 0.35).

DISCUSSION:
The POF was strongly correlated with ADR. The combined assessment of the POF and withdrawal time has profound significance for colonoscopy quality control.
Surgical Reconstruction of the Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Micovic Slobodan , Milacic Petar , Milicic Miroslav , Brkovic Milica , Vukovic Petar , Zivkovic Igor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital disease. Early surgical reconstruction is mandatory to prevent adverse cardiac events. Direct coronary button transfer, vein graft interposition, ligation, and coronary artery bypass construction are the most commonly used techniques. This case report presents a modified technique of Dacron graft interposition and reimplantation anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery on the ascending aorta.
Pemodelan Arus dan Muatan Padatan Tersuspensi di Perairan Estuari Muara Bengawan Solo Ujung Pangkah Gresik
Authors: Hidayah Zainul , Maula Minkhatul , Wardhani Maulinna Kusumo 
Published: February 2023

Ujung Pangkah merupakan muara dari Sungai Bengawan Solo yang merupakan salah satu sungai terpanjang di Indonesia. Secara administrasi, daerah ini masuk kedalam wilayah Kecamatan Ujung Pangkah Kabupaten Gresik. Aliran Sungai Bengawan Solo yang bermuara di perairan estuari ini membawa sedimen yang terlarut dalam bentuk Muatan Padatan Tersuspensi (MPT) yang persebarannya dipengaruhi oleh pergerakan arus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola sirkulasi arus di perairan estuari Ujung Pangkah Gresik dan menganalisis pengaruh pergerakan arus dan pasang surut terhadap sebaran MPT. Simulasi model hidrodinamika digunakan pada penelitian ini dengan input data utama adalah pasang surut dan batimetri. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa model hidrodinamika yang diperoleh untuk menjelaskan pergerakan arus pasang surut dengan kecepatan berkisar antara 0,12 -0,38 m/s. Pola sebaran menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi MPT yang tinggi umumnya terjadi pada saat kondisi perairan surut, sedangkan pada saat kondisi pasang, nilai konsentrasi MPT cenderung rendah. Pada saat kondisi surut terendah, hasil simulasi menunjukkan konsentrasi MPT yang tinggi (360 - >440 mg/l) tepat di mulut sungai dan menyebar ke bagian utara muara. Sementara itu, di bagian timur dan selatan muara, konsentrasi MPT relatif lebih rendah, berkisar antara 80–240 mg/l. Model hidrodinamika yang diperoleh cukup baik untuk menjelaskan pergerakan arus dan MPT (MAPE <20%). Ujung Pangkah is the estuary of the Bengawan Solo River which is one of the longest rivers in Indonesia. Administratively, this area is included in the Ujung Pangkah District, Gresik Regency. The flow of the Bengawan Solo River into the estuary carries dissolved sediments in the form of suspended solids which distribution is influenced by current movements. This study aims to determine the pattern of current circulation in the Ujung Pangkah estuary and analyze the effect of current and tidal movements on the distribution of suspended solids. Hydrodynamic model simulation is used in this study with the main data inputs are tides and bathymetry. The results of the study explain that the hydrodynamic model explain the movement of tidal currents with velocities ranging from 0,12 to 0,38 m/s. The distribution pattern shows that high suspended solids concentrations generally occur during low tide conditions, whereas during high tide conditions, suspended solids concentrations tend to be low. At the lowest low tide, the simulation results show high suspended solids concentrations (360 to >440 mg/l) at the estuary and distributed to the northern part of the estuary. Meanwhile, in the eastern and southern parts of the estuary, suspended solids concentrations were relatively lower, ranging from 80–240 mg/l. The hydrodynamic model obtained in this study was sufficient to explain the current movement and MPT (MAPE <20%).