bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide emissions in relation to water table in a restored fen
Authors: Wille E. Anu , Lenhart Christian F. , Kolka Randall K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany peatlands have been drained for anthropogenic purposes, and there is high interest in restoring them for their carbon storage ability and critical habitat. Peatlands hold a disproportionate amount of global soil carbon, making peatland restoration a promising approach for mitigating carbon emissions. In this study, site factors were investigated that affect peat carbon dioxide flux at Cold Spring fen in Minnesota, which is undergoing restoration. Peat carbon dioxide flux and water table depth were monitored throughout the growing season at two locations previously disturbed to different degrees by row‐crop agriculture. Flux ranged from 0.55 to 12.71 µmol m−2 s−1 and was highest during peak growing season. Lower flux corresponded to elevated water table conditions. The more disturbed location often had lower flux, indicating success in hydrological restoration. The water table is an important factor in peatland restoration, and water table management should be considered to maximize carbon sequestration.
Halving mineral nitrogen use in European agriculture: Insights from multi‐scale land‐use models
Authors: Lungarska Anna , Brunelle Thierry , Chakir Raja , Jayet Pierre‐Alain , Prudhomme Rémi , De Cara Stéphane , Bureau Jean‐Christophe 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the effects of a public policy that reduces by 50% the use of mineral nitrogen in European agriculture. Our results show that, for the European Union, halving mineral fertilizer use leads to: a decrease in agricultural production, a substantial increase in nitrogen use efficiency, lower use of organic fertilizer and a loss of agricultural competitiveness. At the global level, it leads to greater nitrogen consumption if no measure is taken on the demand side. Ultimately, our research highlights the critical importance of supply side adjustments, particularly in terms of cropland area expansion.
A Broad Light‐Harvesting Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Enables Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation in a Bacterial Biohybrid
Authors: Chen Zhongxin , Quek Glenn , Zhu Ji‐Yu , Chan Samuel J. W. , Cox‐Vázquez Sarah J. , Lopez‐Garcia Fernando , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe report a rationally designed membrane‐intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), namely COE‐IC, which endows aerobic N2‐fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii with a light‐harvesting ability that enables photosynthetic ammonia production. COE‐IC possesses an acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A) type conjugated core, which promotes visible light absorption with a high molar extinction coefficient. Furthermore, COE‐IC spontaneously associates with A. vinelandii to form a biohybrid in which the COE is intercalated within the lipid bilayer membrane. In the presence of L‐ascorbate as a sacrificial electron donor, the resulting COE‐IC/A. vinelandii biohybrid showed a 2.4‐fold increase in light‐driven ammonia production, as compared to the control. Photoinduced enhancement of bacterial biomass and production of L‐amino acids is also observed. Introduction of isotopically enriched 15N2 atmosphere led to the enrichment of 15N‐containing intracellular metabolites, consistent with the products being generated from atmospheric N2.
Trimming Crystallizable Fragment (Fc) Glycans Enables the Direct Enzymatic Transfer of Biomacromolecules to Antibodies as Therapeutics**
Authors: Yang Yang , Song Zhentao , Tian Tian , Zhao Zihan , Chen Ji , Hu Jiangping , Jiang Xin , Yang Guoli , Xue Qi , Zhao Xinlu , Sha Wanxing , Yang Yi , Li Jie P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlycoengineering has provided powerful tools to construct site‐specific antibody conjugates. However, only small‐molecule payloads can be directly transferred to native or engineered antibodies using existing glycoengineering strategies. Herein, we demonstrate that reducing the complexity of crystallizable fragment (Fc) glycans could dramatically boost the chemoenzymatic modification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) via an engineered fucosyltransferase. In this platform, antibodies with Fc glycans engineered to a simple N‐acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) disaccharide are successfully conjugated to biomacromolecules, such as oligonucleotides and nanobodies, in a single step within hours. Accordingly, we synthesized an antibody‐conjugate‐based anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/ cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) bispecific antibody and used it to selectively destroy patient‐derived cancer organoids by reactivating endogenous T lymphocyte cells (T cells) inside the organoid. Our results highlight that this platform is a general approach to construct antibody‐biomacromolecule conjugates with translational values.
The preparation of anti‐fouling dual‐layer composite membrane with embedding graphene oxide
Authors: Xu Xinyue , Wang Qian , Zhu Xue , Wu Qigang , Zheng Tao , Yuan Haoran , Zhou Zhengzhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFouling is one of the most challenging issues faced by membrane technology. One possible approach to address membrane fouling is incorporating hydrophilic materials into the membrane matrix. Graphene oxide (GO) can be a potential candidate due to its hydrophilicity, if its cost could be significantly reduced. In this study, a GO‐polysulfone (PSF) composite membrane is fabricated with a thin GO‐PSF active layer and a PSF substrate. The obtained membrane shows good anti‐fouling property in real sewage system, compared with the pristine PSF membrane, and the flux recovery ratio is enhanced by 20%–30%. In addition, the antibacterial property of GO‐PSF membrane to Escherichia coli is enhanced. The work provides a guidance to improve the performance membranes and reduce the cost.
Influence of Fe–N–C morphologies on the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic and alkaline media
Authors: Ahmad Junaidi Norhamizah Hazirah , Tan Sue Ying , Wong Wai Yin , Loh Kee Shyuan , Saidur Rahman , Choo Thye Foo , Wu Bo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe development of nonnoble metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for fuel cells has been motivated by the high cost and limited supply of noble metals, as well as the desire to improve the performance and durability of this type of energy conversion device. In this study, nonnoble Fe–N–C catalyst was synthesized using a zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF‐8), poly (aniline), and 10,10′‐dibromo‐9,9′‐bianthry as precursors to produce Fe–N–C with hollow sphere (HS), amorphous bulky structure (B), and sheet‐like thin sheet (N) structure. The Fe–N–C catalyst was analysed in terms of their shape, crystal structure, pore characteristics, and elemental composition. Among all the Fe–N–C catalysts, Fe–N–C_HS had the highest total surface area, followed by Fe–N–C_B and Fe–N–C_N. To evaluate their ORR catalytic activity, a half‐cell electrochemical experiment with .1 M KOH and .1 M HClO4 as the alkaline and acidic electrolytes was conducted. This study revealed that Fe–N–C_HS exhibited the highest onset potential but the Fe–N–C_B has the highest limiting current density in alkaline medium; meanwhile, in acidic media, Fe–N–C_HS shows the best ORR performance with the highest onset potential and limiting current. This highly porous Fe–N–C_HS catalyst also demonstrated active site activation and excellent stability compared with the other samples as well as commercial Pt/C in acidic electrolyte, which suggests its potential for application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
Consequences of sequential photooxidation of polycarbonate: Relating microscopic modifications to the change of oxygen permeability
Authors: Chen Zhouyun , Sarakha Mohamed , Christmann Julien 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe consequences of light‐induced oxidation of polycarbonate on its permeability to oxygen were deeply investigated. Polymer films were sequentially photoaged, resulting in the sequential appearance and growth of oxidation products at the surface of the exposed side up to a limit value, owing to the progressive yellowing of the film during the photoageing process. Such effect restricts drastically the oxidation process to the film surfaces. The observed decrease in oxygen permeability consecutive to exposure of only one side of the film results principally from a decrease in oxygen solubility into the polymer, with a minor reduction of its diffusion ability. This was explained by the increase of the polymer polarity owing to the appearance of several types of polar chemical groups (namely CO and OH) as well as the occurrence of cross‐linking upon photodegradation. This decrease in oxygen permeability is then a positive feature in the case of applications for packaging and medical components. No further decrease in oxygen permeability was observed when the second side of the films was photooxidized, which can be explained by a “funnel effect” type between sorption, diffusion and desorption steps.
Intrageneric taxonomic distinction based on morphological variation in the macaque (Macaca) skeleton
Authors: Kenyon‐Flatt Brittany , von Cramon‐Taubadel Noreen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTaxonomic classification is important for understanding the natural world, yet current methods for species assessment often focus on craniodental morphology rather than the entire skeleton. Moreover, it is currently unknown how much variation could, or should, exist intragenerically. Here, we tested whether taxonomy can be accurately predicted based on patterns of morphological variation in macaques (H1) and whether postcranial bones reflect subgeneric macaque taxonomy similarly, or better, than the cranium (H2). Data included 3D scans of cranial and postcranial bones for eight macaque species (Macaca arctoides, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca fuscata, Macaca mulatta, Macaca nemestrina, Macaca nigra, Macaca radiata, and Macaca sylvanus). Fixed anatomical and semilandmarks were applied to scans of eight skeletal elements (crania = 45; mandible = 31; scapula = 66; humerus = 38; radius = 33; os coxa = 28; femur = 40; tibia = 40). For each skeletal element, regression analyses were performed to minimize the effects of sexual dimorphism. Between‐groups principal components analysis was used to visualize the major patterns of among‐species morphological variation, while the strength of correct taxon classification was measured with discriminant function analysis. Results suggested accepting the alternate hypothesis that different macaque species can be distinguished morphologically. Both cranial and many postcranial elements appeared to possess a taxonomic signal, and the limb bones—especially the upper limb—are reported to be more useful for taxonomic assessment than previously realized. Theoretically, certain behaviors and/or ecogeographical factors, as well as phylogeny, influenced skeletal morphology in macaques, likely contributing to taxonomic distinctions among different species.
Neural machine translation for in‐text citation classification
Authors: Safder Iqra , Ali Momin , Aljohani Naif Radi , Nawaz Raheel , Hassan Saeed‐Ul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe quality of scientific publications can be measured by quantitative indices such as the h‐index, Source Normalized Impact per Paper, or g‐index. However, these measures lack to explain the function or reasons for citations and the context of citations from citing publication to cited publication. We argue that citation context may be considered while calculating the impact of research work. However, mining citation context from unstructured full‐text publications is a challenging task. In this paper, we compiled a data set comprising 9,518 citations context. We developed a deep learning‐based architecture for citation context classification. Unlike feature‐based state‐of‐the‐art models, our proposed focal‐loss and class‐weight‐aware BiLSTM model with pretrained GloVe embedding vectors use citation context as input to outperform them in multiclass citation context classification tasks. Our model improves on the baseline state‐of‐the‐art by achieving an F1 score of 0.80 with an accuracy of 0.81 for citation context classification. Moreover, we delve into the effects of using different word embeddings on the performance of the classification model and draw a comparison between fastText, GloVe, and spaCy pretrained word embeddings.
Are individual‐level risk factors for gastroschisis modified by neighborhood‐level socioeconomic factors?
Authors: Neo Dayna T. , Martin Chantel L. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Gucsavas‐Calikoglu Muge , Conway Kristin M. , Evans Shannon Pruitt , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Insaf Tabassum Z. , Musfee Fadi I. , Shaw Gary M. , Shumate Charles , Werler Martha M. , Olshan Andrew F. , Desrosiers Tania A. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTwo strong risk factors for gastroschisis are young maternal age (<20 years) and low/normal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), yet the reasons remain unknown. We explored whether neighborhood‐level socioeconomic position (nSEP) during pregnancy modified these associations.MethodsWe analyzed data from 1269 gastroschisis cases and 10,217 controls in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011). To characterize nSEP, we applied the neighborhood deprivation index and used generalized estimating equations to calculate odds ratios and relative excess risk due to interaction.ResultsElevated odds of gastroschisis were consistently associated with young maternal age and low/normal BMI, regardless of nSEP. High‐deprivation neighborhoods modified the association with young maternal age. Infants of young mothers in high‐deprivation areas had lower odds of gastroschisis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6, 3.8) than young mothers in low‐deprivation areas (aOR: 6.6; 95% CI: 4.6, 9.4). Mothers of low/normal BMI had approximately twice the odds of having an infant with gastroschisis compared to mothers with overweight/obese BMI, regardless of nSEP (aOR range: 1.5–2.3).ConclusionOur findings suggest nSEP modified the association between gastroschisis and maternal age, but not BMI. Further research could clarify whether the modification is due to unidentified biologic and/or non‐biologic factors.
A zero‐inflated endemic–epidemic model with an application to measles time series in Germany
Authors: Lu Junyi , Meyer Sebastian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCount data with an excess of zeros are often encountered when modeling infectious disease occurrence. The degree of zero inflation can vary over time due to nonepidemic periods as well as by age group or region. A well‐established approach to analyze multivariate incidence time series is the endemic–epidemic modeling framework, also known as the HHH approach. However, it assumes Poisson or negative binomial distributions and is thus not tailored to surveillance data with excess zeros. Here, we propose a multivariate zero‐inflated endemic–epidemic model with random effects that extends HHH. Parameters of both the zero‐inflation probability and the HHH part of this mixture model can be estimated jointly and efficiently via (penalized) maximum likelihood inference using analytical derivatives. We found proper convergence and good coverage of confidence intervals in simulation studies. An application to measles counts in the 16 German states, 2005–2018, showed that zero inflation is more pronounced in the Eastern states characterized by a higher vaccination coverage. Probabilistic forecasts of measles cases improved when accounting for zero inflation. We anticipate zero‐inflated HHH models to be a useful extension also for other applications and provide an implementation in an R package.
Fast and highly sensitive screening of PCR products of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by voltage‐programmed capillary gel electrophoretic separation
Authors: An Changuk , Park Heesun , Kim Su Kang , Kang Seong Ho 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFast and highly sensitive detection has become critical to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, fast analysis tends to reduce the sensitivity and accuracy of such method. This study is to investigate a fast and highly sensitive screening method for detecting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of SARS‐CoV‐2 through voltage‐programmed capillary gel electrophoretic separation. By separating and detecting the PCR products of RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and spike (S) genes, we have diagnosed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases within 4 min using such method with high reliability and accuracy, indicating at least a 7.5‐fold faster than previous COVID‐19 diagnostic methods. The detection limits of RdRp and S genes fragments were 1.34–3.46 pM. The developed method can be used to analyze PCR products with specific DNA sizes as well as detect SARS‐CoV‐2 mutations without losing resolution. Furthermore, it can also be used for the fast analysis of DNA molecules related with various infectious diseases.
Potential roles of transformers in brain tumor diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Lan Yu‐Long , Zou Shuang , Qin Bing , Zhu Xiangdong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBrain tumor (BT) is one of many malignancies that have substantially enhanced global human morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and characterization of glioma are essential for effective preventive strategies. Currently, the use of Transformers, a deep learning model for BT diagnosis and treatment, is attracting significant attention. The transformer self‐attention mechanism automatically learns the associations between input data for efficient processing and analysis. Research indicates that Transformers could play an essential role in the BT segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, the MRI and histopathology‐based grading of brain cancer, BT molecular expression prediction, the classification of primary brain metastasis sites, voxel‐level dose and BT radiotherapy outcome prediction, synergistic prediction, and the pathway deconvolution of drug combinations. In this review, the feasibility, accuracy, and applicability of various algorithms are systematically analyzed and their prospects are discussed. Overall, this review aimed to discuss and provide an overview of the increasing applications of Transformers in real‐time BT detection and therapy, indicating their broad prospects and potential. In the future, Transformers are expected to be increasingly used for the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of BT because of the continuous development and improvement of Transformer‐based deep learning technology. However, more work is required to investigate their properties for anomaly detection, medical image classification, network design development, and application to other medical data.
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis with salivary glands involvement: Presenting a case and describing its clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic aspects
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Arman , Farsad Faraneh , Babadi Neda , Mohamadzadeh Dena 
Published: July 2023

Key Clinical MessageGranulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), a rare form of small vessel vasculitis, may be manifested by multisystem involvement misleading its definitive diagnosis. The involvement of salivary glands is a very rare characteristic of GPA. Herein, we described a case of GPA with submandibular salivary gland involvement followed by reviewing the literature on similar cases. The case was a 31‐year‐old man, a known case of seronegative peripheral arthritis that referred recently with bilateral enlargement of the parotid and submandibular glands. Pulmonary nodules were also evident in the patient's CT scan. Fine‐needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance indicated the presence of degenerated squamoid cells, giant cells, and inflammatory cells with a priority of neutrophils in the submandibular gland, as well as the presence of a cyst containing fluid without the evidence of malignancy in the parotid gland. The positivity for the Anti‐neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (C‐ANCA) marker was also revealed. The patient was treated with methotrexate, prednisolone, and rituximab which led to a gradual reduction in the size of the glands and the improvement of the patient's clinical symptoms within 1 month after the treatment. Enlargement of salivary glands in the context of inflammatory disorders can raise doubts about the existence of GPA, and therefore imaging evaluation and histopathological assessment with an ANCA test will be necessary to confirm or rule out it.
Design and Synthesis of New Type of Macrocyclic Architectures Used for Optoelectronic Materials and Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Li Pengfei , Jia Yawei , Chen Pangkuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSupramolecular chemistry has received much attention for decades. Macrocyclic architectures as representative receptors play a vital role in supramolecular chemistry and are applied in many fields such as supramolecular assembly and host‐guest recognition. However, the classical macrocycles generally lack functional groups in the scaffolds, which limit their further applications, especially in optoelectronic materials. Therefore, developing a new design principle is not only essential to better understand macrocyclic chemistry and the supramolecular behaviors, but also further expand their applications in many research fields. In recent years, the doping compounds with main‐group heteroatoms (B, N, S, O, P) into the carbon‐based π‐conjugated macrocycles offered a new strategy to build macrocyclic architectures with unique optoelectronic properties. In particular, the energy gaps and redox behavior can be effectively tuned by incorporating heteroatoms into the macrocyclic scaffolds. In this Minireview, we briefly summarize the design and synthesis of new macrocycles, and further discuss the related applications in optoelectronic materials and supramolecular chemistry.
Unsteady Crossflow during Microfiltration and Its Impact on Fouling Occurrence
Authors: Weinberger Maria E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDer Einsatz und die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Crossflow‐Mikrofiltration werden insbesondere durch das Auftreten von Fouling beeinträchtigt. Eine unstete Überströmung, beispielsweise durch eine pulsierende oder alternierende Betriebsweise, können die Bildung einer Deckschicht verringern und damit einen starken Fluxabfall und den Rückhalt von Gelöststoffen verhindern. Dadurch können insbesondere Prozesse mit geringer Überströmgeschwindigkeit oder hohem Transmembrandruck deutlich verbessert werden. Das Ausmaß der Verbesserung hängt dabei stark von der Foulingneigung des zu filtrierenden Fluids ab.
Emission Properties of Individual AIE‐Luminogens in Solution at Room Temperature†
Authors: Zhao Yuehua , Chen Hongbo , Geng Shaojie , Liu Shunjie , Wang Dapeng 
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive SummaryHere, we combined the photon antibunching analysis, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and time‐domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (TD‐FLIM) to study the emission properties of a representative AIE‐luminogen—4,4’‐(benzo[c][1,2,5] thiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl)bis(N,N‐diphenylaniline) (TPA‐BT) at the single emitter level in a tetrahydrofuran (THF)/water solution where water is a non‐solvent for TPA‐BT. Our findings suggest that, at a constant water fraction in the solution, the size of TPA‐BT aggregates increases with the TPA‐BT concentration; TPA‐BT aggregates are not a quantum emitter at room temperature in the solution. Moreover, utilizing TD‐FLIM and a gel trapping technique allowed us to study the fluorescence lifetime of individual TPA‐BT aggregates. Adding a polar solvent like water does not result in an overall decrease in fluorescence lifetime. Rather, it causes the fluorescence lifetime distribution to become wider, and only some molecules experience a decrease in their fluorescence lifetime. These results could represent a step forward in further understanding the photophysics of AIE‐luminogens.