bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The meaning of masculinity for educated young Bedouins
Authors: Allassad Alhuzail Nuzha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIsrael's Bedouin population—an Indigenous, traditional, collective, patriarchal society—is at the height of social change, introducing modernization, religion and altered gender relations. Young Bedouin men are experiencing the ramifications of their masculine identity. As in other collective societies that emphasize mutual dependence and cooperation, honour has great meaning and unlike individualistic societies, maintaining masculine and family honour is important in the construction of masculinity. These cultural differences may influence young men's views of honour, particularly family honour, which is a key principle in collective cultures. An exploratory qualitative study used semi‐structured interviews of 20 educated Bedouin young men and grounded theory to investigate what masculinity means for them. They defined masculinity by comparing theirs to that of the ‘other’. They also described the crucial evaluators of masculinity: the family's older men. Protection and close supervision of women were found to be key factors in the assessment of masculinity. Also evident was the influence of the men's education on their gendered perceptions and their use of Western‐oriented language regarding egalitarianism and women's rights. The findings may contribute to social work practice, especially in patriarchal societies, and may help in understanding how men may use their patriarchal power to generate change.
A small HDM2 antagonist peptide and a USP7 inhibitor synergistically inhibit the p53‐HDM2‐USP7 circuit
Authors: Mukherjee Srijata , Saha Gouranga , Roy Neeladri Sekhar , Naiya Gitashri , Ghosh Mrinal K. , Roy Siddhartha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a crucial regulator of many proliferation‐related pathways. It is also one of the primary regulators of p53. USP7, a deubiquitinase, also plays a key role in the regulation of both p53 and HDM2, thus forming a small regulatory network with them. This network has emerged as an important drug target. Development of a synergistic combination targeting both proteins is desirable and important for regulating this module. We have developed a small helically constrained peptide that potently inhibited p53‐HDM2 interaction and exerted anti‐proliferative effects on p53+/+ cells. A combination of this peptide—when attached to cell entry and nuclear localization tags—and a USP7 inhibitor showed synergistic anti‐proliferative effects against cells harboring wild‐type alleles of p53. Synergistic inhibition of two important drug targets may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
Special issue: Child protection in the digital age. Latent profiles in cyberbullying and the relationship with self‐concept and achievement goals in preadolescence
Authors: Escortell Raquel , Delgado Beatriz , Baquero Asier , Martínez‐Monteagudo María C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the scientific community has taken an interest in cyberbullying research due to the emotional and educational impact on all those involved. However, the scant evidence on samples from primary education is derived from statistical methodologies focusing on the individual, which generate specific profiles rather than acting roles. The present study focuses on the profiles of cyberbullying and its variability with the levels of self‐concept and academic goals, using a sample of 548 Spanish primary education students aged 10–13 (M = 10.95, SD = 0.7). After analysing the data using Latent Class Analysis and MANOVA, the profiles developed were ‘not‐involved’ (38.82%), ‘moderate victimization’ (37.17%), ‘high bully‐victimization’ (19.29%) and ‘low victimization’ (4.7%). In addition, the group of students with the not‐involved profile scored higher on the self‐concept of their relationship with their parents, in language, in mathematics and their general self‐concept than the group with moderate victimization. The same pattern was also observed for learning goals. The findings have significant implications for the creation of person‐centred cyberbullying prevention programmes that permit a more targeted approach to cyberbullying behaviours in order to halt its progress.
Efficient Hardware Acceleration of Robust Volumetric Light Transport Simulation
Authors: Moonen Nol , Jalba Andrei C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEfficiently simulating the full range of light effects in arbitrary input scenes that contain participating media is a difficult task. Unified points, beams and paths (UPBP) is an algorithm capable of capturing a wide range of media effects, by combining bidirectional path tracing (BPT) and photon density estimation (PDE) with multiple importance sampling (MIS). A computationally expensive task of UPBP is the MIS weight computation, performed each time a light path is formed. We derive an efficient algorithm to compute the MIS weights for UPBP, which improves over previous work by eliminating the need to iterate over the path vertices. We achieve this by maintaining recursive quantities as subpaths are generated, from which the subpath weights can be computed. In this way, the full path weight can be computed by only using the data cached at the two vertices at the ends of the subpaths. Furthermore, a costly part of PDE is the search for nearby photon points and beams. Previous work has shown that a spatial data structure for photon mapping can be implemented using the hardware‐accelerated bounding volume hierarchy of NVIDIA's RTX GPUs. We show that the same technique can be applied to different types of volumetric PDE and compare the performance of these data structures with the state of the art. Finally, using our new algorithm and data structures we fully implement UPBP on the GPU which we, to the best of our knowledge, are the first to do so.
A comparison of a hydrochlorothiazide plus triamterene combination (Dyazide) and atenolol in the treatment of patients with mild hypertension: A multicentre study in general practice
Authors: Philip I G , Qureshi S M , Richards H H , Sharma S K , Wright F G De L , Young P H , Rowley‐Jones D 
Published: April 2023

SummaryOne hundred and eighteen patients with diastolic blood pressure between 95 and 110 mmHg were treated with the diuretic agents hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg plus triamterene 50 mg in combination, (Dyazide) initially one tablet, rising if required to two tablets per day, and 119 Patients were treated with atenolol (100 mg) in a multicentre, single blind randomised comparative study. Both treatments were associated with a significantly reduced supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure within three weeks, with further reductions after six weeks.Atenolol produced an overall reduction in the mean of supine and standing diastolic and systolic blood pressure of 14 and 18 mmHg compared with 11 and 18 mmHg respectively for hydrochlorothiazide plus triamterene. Twenty four per cent of patients on hydrochlorothiazide plus triamterene had the dose of medication doubled after three weeks. After six weeks, 33 per cent of patients on hydrochlorothiazide plus triamterene and 26 per cent on atenolol had achieved a blood pressure of less than 140/95 mmHg (mean supine/standing).Nine patients in the hydrochlorothiazide plus triamterene group and eight in the atenolol group were withdrawn because of adverse events; additionally one patient on the diuretic combination died following a ruptured aortic aneurysm, which was considered to be unrelated to treatment. There was a higher overall frequency of adverse events in the atenolol group (0.64 events/patient) than in the hydrochlorothiazide plus triamterene group (0.49 events/patient). Mild hypokalaemia (minimum 3.3 mmol/l) occurred in three patients on hydrochlorothiazide plus triamterene, but more patients on atenolol were hyperkalaemic (maximum 6.0 mmol/1) at the end of the study. As expected, a higher proportion of patients on hydrochlorothiazide plus triamterene had elevated blood urea, serum creatinine and uric acid than on atenolol, although in no patient was treatment stopped because of the abnormal laboratory values.Both treatments were effective and generally well tolerated in the treatment of mild hypertension, the differences between them being of no clinical significance.
Recurrence of childhood diverticulitis
Authors: Farouk A R A , Rees B I , Duthie G S 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWe update a previously reported case1 of a boy who, after resection of sigmoid colon due to diverticular disease at age 16, subsequently developed a mass in his left iliac fossa due to recurrent diverticular disease at age 19, requiring further colonic resection.
Unilateral facial pain as a rare presentation of bronchial carcinoma
Authors: Jones M T , Lawson Ram 
Published: April 2023

SummaryTwo cases are described in which unilateral facial pain was the presenting symptom of inoperable bronchial carcinoma. In each case the tumour involved the upper lobe of the lung with involvement of the contiguous mediastinum, either due to direct invasion or adenopathy. In the first patient the diagnosis was delayed due to the unusual presentation, and in the second patient a routine chest X‐ray was diagnostic. The varied presentation of bronchial carcinoma is discussed, and the anatomical basis for referred pain due to pressure on the vagus nerve in the upper mediastinum is described.
Initial presentation of malignant disease to accident and emergency departments
Authors: Han K H , Bradburn D M 
Published: April 2023

SummaryA retrospective study on malignant disease presenting primarily to the Accident and Emergency Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary shows that amongst 20 cases seen over a period of four months, eight (40 per cent) were first presentations to the Casualty staff. Although the major work load of Accident and Emergency Units is for trauma, the staff working in this specialty should be aware of the possibility of underlying malignant disease in the vast number of patients who come through the doors.
ACE inhibitors and diuretics causing hypokalaemia
Authors: D'Costa D F , Basu S K , Gunasekera N P R 
Published: April 2023

SummaryAngiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and diuretics are known to cause hyperkalaemia. We undertook a prospective analysis over a period of six months of patients admitted under our care. Of 217 patients, 39(18 per cent) were admitted with congestive cardiac failure/left ventricular failure. Of these 39 patients, 21 (54 per cent) were prescribed ACE inhibitors. Seven of these 21 patients subsequently developed hypokalaemia. This was irrespective of the type or dose of the diuretic but seemed to be related to the dose of the ACE inhibitor. In three cases the hypokalaemia was corrected by the addition of a potassium‐sparing diuretic; in two cases a potassium supplement was added; and in the other three an increase in the dose of the ACE inhibitor for the resistant heart failure corrected the potassium deficit. This study shows that one should be alert to both hyperkalaemia and hypokalaemia when using a combination of ACE inhibitors and diuretics.
Enprostil, a prostaglandin E2 analogue, in the treatment of gastric ulcer — a multicentre comparison with pirenzepine
Authors: Reed P I , Jazrawi R P , Northfield T C , Carr‐Locke D , Mountford R A , Williams J G , Schiller K F R , English J R 
Published: April 2023

SummaryIn a double‐blind, multicentre study 77 patients with benign gastric ulcer were randomly allocated to treatment with either enprostil 35 μg bd or pirenzepine 50 mg bd. After four weeks of treatment 13/26 (50 per cent) of evaluable enprostil‐treated patients and 9/30 (30 per cent) of evaluable pirenzepine‐treated patients were healed. Corresponding healing figures after eight weeks were 20/25 (80 per cent) and 25/31 (81 percent). Both drugs rapidly reduced the severity of ulcer pain and the need for antacid use. No statistically significant differences were detected between the treatments with respect to healing rate or symptom control. Adverse events were reported by eight patients taking enprostil and by 17 patients taking pirenzepine. Two patients withdrew from each treatment group because of adverse events. None of these was serious.In conclusion, enprostil and pirenzepine were equally effective in healing gastric ulcers and no statistically significant differences in safety and efficacy were detected. There was a tendency for earlier healing and fewer side effects in the enprostil‐treated patients.
Hypertension in the elderly: a study of a combination of atenolol and nifedipine
Authors: Duckett G K , Cheadle B 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe antihypertensive effects and tolerability of a once‐daily, fixed combination of atenolol 50 mg and nifedipine retard 20 mg ('Nif‐Ten'®) were monitored in a 12‐month open study in 30 elderly hypertensive patients, whose blood pressure was inadequately controlled after four weeks treatment with atenolol 50 mg once daily.Sitting (and standing) blood pressure and heart rate one to four hours after dosing were recorded at entry (191/95 mmHg) and at the end of the run‐in period (186/93 mmHg). After one month's therapy with the fixed combination the mean sitting blood pressure fell to 169/89 mm Hg and was maintained at this level for the entire 12‐month period of observation.During the study four patients complained of side effects on fixed combination therapy with one patient withdrawn due to flushes and hot sweats. One other patient suffered flushes and hot sweats and two patients complained of mild dizziness. There were no demonstrable effects of fixed combination therapy upon the biochemical parameters measured.We conclude that the fixed combination of atenolol plus nifedipine retard was well tolerated over a 12‐month period in the group of elderly hypertensive patients studied. The combination appears to exert a greater antihypertensive effect than the beta‐blocker monotherapy with no evidence of tachyphylaxis, although these findings require confirmation in a controlled trial.
Post‐operative sputum retention treated by minitracheostomy — a ward procedure?
Authors: Buckels N J , Khan Z H , Irwin S T , Gibbons J R P 
Published: April 2023

SummaryCricothyroidotomy, using the percutaneous ‘minitracheotomy’ technique, was performed in 67 patients (55 for sputum retention, two for endobronchial rupture of an empyema, 10 prophylactically). In two patients the cricothyroid membrane was penetrated with considerable difficulty, and in one further patient insertion was not possible due to calcification of the cricothyroid membrane. One patient required exploration of the insertion site because of bleeding. Two patients inhaled the “Mark 1 Minitrach' device and required urgent bronchoscopic removal. In those patients undergoing successful cricothyroidotomy, there was a dramatic improvement in respiratory distress. There were no deaths related to the insertion of the minitracheotomy device in this series.
A randomised, double‐blind study of mebeverine versus dicyclomine in the treatment of functional abdominal pain in young adults
Authors: Grillage M G , Nankani J N , Atkinson S N , Prescott P 
Published: April 2023

Summary ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and acceptability of mebeverine and dicyclomine in relieving the symptoms of functional abdominal pain in young adults (12–35 years).
A deficit of bladder cancer in an Asian community in the UK
Authors: McLoughlin J , Fletcher A , Williams J , Kelley C J 
Published: April 2023

SummaryOver a 10‐year period, the incidence of bladder cancer in the local Asian community living within the Ealing hospital catchment area was compared with that in the indigenous population and that in England and Wales. A significantly reduced incidence was seen in the Asian community, using both comparisons.
Mammographic screening for breast cancer: recall rates using two views compared with the oblique view alone
Authors: Haiart D C , Kirkpatrick A E 
Published: April 2023

SummarySix thousand and eighty women aged 40 to 64 years were screened for breast cancer by single oblique view mammography and 908 (14.9 per cent) were recalled for further examinations. It was estimated that the use of two‐view mammography for initial screening would have resulted in a fall of the number of women recalled to 581 (9.5 per cent). More recently, with better equipment and the routine use of a moving grid, the recall rate at initial singleview screening in women over the age of 50 has fallen to the region of 10 per cent.The place of two‐view screening is being evaluated in conjunction with grid films and, should a similar proportional fall in recall rates be gained by the addition of a second view, there may well be a place for two‐view screening in this situation too.
An open multicentre study of the efficacy and safety of a single dose of fluconazole 150 mg in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis in general practice
Authors: Phillips R J M , Watson S A , McKay F F 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe efficacy and tolerability of fluconazole given as a single oral dose of 150 mg were assessed in 1,017 patients in general practice presenting with signs and symptoms of vaginal candidiasis.At the review visit 7–14 days after treatment, about 95 per cent of patients reported being either cured or improved. High vaginal swabs taken from 43 patients out of 50 who failed following treatment revealed Candida albicans in 17 (1.8 per cent). Efficacy in patients with predisposing factors (oral contraceptives, antibiotics and recurrent vaginal candidiasis — four episodes or more in previous year) was not significantly different from that in those without these factors.Of patients who had received previous intravaginal therapy for vaginal candidiasis, 88 per cent preferred fluconazole, 10 per cent previous therapy and two per cent had no preference.Investigators assessed efficacy after fluconazole as excellent or good in 91 per cent and tolerability as excellent or good in 91 per cent of patients. Significant adverse effects were reported in less than one per cent of patients.
Treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a comparison of a combination tablet of terfenadine and pseudoephedrine with the individual ingredients
Authors: Backhouse C I , Rosenberg R M , Fidler C 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis single‐centre, double‐blind, parallel randomised study of one week's duration compared terfenadine 40 mg, pseudoephedrine 60 mg and a combination of the two (40 mg/60 mg) given three times a day in the management of hayfever. Of 88 known hayfever sufferers recruited during the 1988 season 86 were evaluable for efficacy. Demographic data were similar, but some significant differences in baseline symptom values made direct comparison of post‐treatment scores difficult to interpret. Nevertheless, comparisons of improvements from baseline show that all three treatments provide good control of the individual seven symptoms (nasal block, sneezing, runny nose, itchy nose, watery eyes, red eyes, itchy eyes). Terfenadine provided a statistically greater improvement in mean total symptom score than pseudoephedrine alone. Overall assessments favoured terfenadine and the combination, and rhinoscopy examination showed a trend in favour of terfenadine alone. Adverse events were recorded more frequently in the combination group: 45% of patients versus 21% in the terfenadine group and 26% in the pseudoephedrine group.In this group of patients, terfenadine, pseudoephedrine or a combination provide good relief of hayfever symptoms, including nasal block, with terfenadine and the combination being preferred to pseudoephedrine in the treatment of this condition. However, the combination can be expected to cause a greater incidence of side‐effects.
Clips or sutures for herniorrhaphy wounds?
Authors: Gilbert H W , Everett W G 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis study compares the pain experienced by fifty patients following bilateral herniorrhaphy using two different methods of wound closure. No significant difference was found between the use of Michel clips and interrupted monofilament nylon sutures. Clips were preferred by a significant majority of patients, probably because they cause less pain on removal. The use of Michel clips should not be limited by the belief that they cause more pain than conventional sutures.
Lactulose in the treatment of symptomatic diverticular disease: a comparative study with high‐fibre diet
Authors: Smits B J , Whitehead A M , Prescott P 
Published: April 2023

SummaryObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and tolerance of lactulose (Duphalac) and high‐fibre diet in the treatment of symptomatic diverticular disease.DesignProspectively randomised, parallel groups study over 12 weeks. Patients were seen by their clinician for an initial assessment and then at weeks 4, 8 and 12.SettingHospital out‐patients in the United Kingdom.PatientsForty‐three patients with a confirmed diagnosis of diverticular disease were entered into the study.InterventionPatients were prospectively randomised to receive lactulose (15 ml bd) or high‐fibre diet (30‐40 g daily) for 12 weeks.Measurements and resultsData were collected using diary cards and physicians' assessments. Bowel frequency and stool consistency improved similarly with both treatments. Pain on bowel movement improved with both treatments in respect of frequency (lactulose: P = 0.017, fibre: P = 0.084) and severity (lactulose: P = 0.028, fibre: P = 0.043). Abdominal pain also improved with both treatments in respect of frequency (lactulose: P = 0.0015, fibre: P = 0.022) and severity (lactulose: P = 0.009, fibre: P = 0.028). Nine patients on lactulose and 12 on fibre reported treatment‐emergent symptoms, of which none was serious.ConclusionsLactulose and high‐fibre diet were both shown to be effective in the treatment of diverticular disease, with some differences in favour of lactulose.
PARATHYROID HORMONE‐RELATED PROTEIN IN PANCREATIC EXOCRINE CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERCALCAEMIA
Authors: Bandyopadhyay P , Baksi S , Bandyopadhyay D , Patel CU 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYHypercalcaemia is a common complication of malignancy seen in about 10% of cases of advanced cancer. Although hypercalcaemia is not uncommon with endocrine tumour of the pancreas, hypercalcaemia with cancer of the exocrine pancreas unrelated to bone metastasis has been rarely reported. We report a case of undifferentiated pancreatic cancer with severe hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid hormone‐related protein produced by the tumour cells that did not respond to medical management.
SUCCESSFUL THERAPY OF TARDIVE DYSKINESIA IN A 71‐YEAR‐OLD WOMAN WITH A COMBINATION OF TETRABENAZINE, OLANZAPINE AND TIAPRIDE
Authors: Koch HJ , Szecsey A , Vogel M , Fischer‐Barnicol D 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYThere is no generally accepted treatment for tardive dyskinesia following intake of neuroleptics. Many compounds with effects on serotonine, GABA, cholinergic or dopamine receptors have been clinically useful. We report on a 71‐year‐old female patient suffering from orofacial tardive dyskinesia after treatment with haloperidol, which did not respond to monotherapy with antidyskinetic drugs. The syndrome disappeared almost completely within two weeks after a multidrug approach consisting of tetrabenazine, olanzapine and tiapride. A combination of antidyskinetic drugs should be considered in patients with severe tardive dyskinesia.