bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving interfacial adhesive bond durability of a structural epoxy with steel using a tannic acid‐based additive for underwater applications
Authors: Babu Noel , Zhang Puxuan , Massou Maleck , Li Chenggao , Xian Guijun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study explores the applicability of a tannic acid‐based (TA‐AGE) additive to improve interfacial bond durability of a structural epoxy (Ep.) adhesive for underwater applications. A modified epoxy M(Ep.) was prepared from Ep. by incorporating 1 wt% (optimized) TA‐AGE additive. Although the cohesive properties of Ep. were slightly affected by the modification, underwater adhesion was improved. Incorporation of TA‐AGE additive in the adhesive can strengthen the interfacial bonds by forming more noncovalent interactions with the adherend surface. In addition, a 6‐month durability study in distilled water at 20°C, 40°C, and 60°C was performed to study the effect of water uptake on the evolution of viscoelastic, tensile properties and interfacial bond durability of Ep. and M(Ep.). With aging, the tensile properties of M(Ep.) degraded more rapidly than Ep. due to higher water uptake. Steel joints bonded with M(Ep.) in air, but cured underwater, had strength retention of 97%, 99% and 107% in 20°C, 40°C, and 60°C water, respectively, after 6‐month aging. Meanwhile, joints prepared underwater with M(Ep.) had a strength retention of 77% in 20°C water. Joint strength retention (%) in both cases was significantly higher than Ep. bonded joints aged under similar conditions.
Influence of carbon black particle size on fatigue life of rubber compound by varying strain and temperature
Authors: Chanda Jagannath , Dolui Tuhin , Hanumanthrao Sushmitha , Shilavant Ramesh , Ghosh Prasenjit , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFatigue failure is one of the most critical failure modes in engineering structures. The fracture process proceeds through two major phases: crack nucleation and subsequent crack propagation leading to the ultimate failure. With special reference to rubber products especially tyre, the fatigue crack growth characteristics have been well understood with good approximation by many researchers. But the experimental research on crack nucleation is in the nascent stage. In the present study, we have focused on the role of filler particle size, temperature and strain on crack nucleation and fracture surface morphology of unfilled and carbon black (CB)‐filled natural rubber (NR) compounds. Three different kinds of ASTM grade carbon blacks, namely, N134, N234 and N339 have been used to determine the effect of filler particle size on crack initiation. All compounds have been tested at room temperature (i.e., RT 25°C), 70°C and 100°C with different strain amplitudes (50%, 75%, 100%, and 125%) to understand its effect on damage mechanics. It is observed that at a given strain and temperature, compound with N134 has better fatigue life in comparison to the N234 and N339. It is also found that with increasing temperature, fatigue life is being reduced for all the compounds. Optical microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) along with micro computational tomography (CT) have been utilized to understand the failure mechanism which reveal the presence of initial flaws as filler protrusions that creates micro cracks during fatigue loading and thus leads to crack nucleation.
Defect‐induced Ordered Mesoporous Titania Molecular Sieves: A Unique and Highly Efficient Hetero‐phase Photocatalyst for Solar Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev , Vatti Surya Kumar , Gu Qinfen , Wagh Dipti , Manyar Haresh , Selvam Parasuraman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe conversion of solar energy into fuel has gained significant interest, particularly in photocatalytic water splitting, and the materials that efficiently generate hydrogen from water or aqueous solution using solar irradiation are highly desired for the hydrogen economy. Photocatalysts made of N‐doped TiO2 are frequently utilized for breaking of water molecules in the process of generating hydrogen. To achieve this target, a unique defect‐induced nitrogen‐doped highly organized 2D‐hexagonal periodic mesoporous titania, TiO2‐xNy with a well‐crystallized framework is synthesized in a reproducible way using structure‐directing agents, e. g., F108, F127, P123, and CTAB. The nitrogen is incorporated into these samples through a facile method involving the calcination of templated materials in an air. A systematic characterization of the resulting ordered mesoporous titania employing a battery of experimental techniques indicates the presence of considerable amounts of intrinsic defects, viz., trapped electrons in oxygen vacancy and/or Ti3+ centres via nitrogen‐doping in the titania matrix. These defects in turn promote the charge separation of photogenerated excitons, and therefore exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction as compared to commercial titania such as Aeroxide®P‐25. The superior activity of the N‐doped mesoporous TiO2 is attributed to the synergistic effect of facile charge migration with high carrier density, unique phase composition (bronze and anatase), slow recombination of photo‐induced excitons, and enhanced absorbance from ultra‐violet to the visible region.
Probe Beam Dichroism and Birefringence in Stimulated Raman Scattering in Polyatomic Molecules
Authors: Semak Bogdan V. , Beltukov Yaroslav M. , Vasyutinskii Oleg S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDichroism and birefringence in Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) in polyatomic molecules were studied theoretically. General expressions describing the change of the polarization matrix of the probe laser beam transmitted through initially isotropic molecular sample excited by the pump laser beam have been derived. Arbitrary polarization states and propagation directions of the incoming pump and probe beams were considered. The expressions were written in terms of spherical tensor operators that allowed for separation of the field polarization tensor and the molecular part containing three scalar values of nonlinear optical susceptibility
with
=0,1,2. The geometry of almost collinear propagation of the pump and probe beams through the molecular sample was considered in greater details. It was shown that the dichroism and birefringence refer to the nonlinear optical susceptibility element
and that their contributions to the SRS signal can be separated experimentally by using an appropriate probe beam polarization analyzer installed in front of the photodetector. Particular cases of the off‐resonant SRS and resonant SRS have been considered. The results obtained were expressed in terms of the Stokes polarization parameters of the pump and probe beams.
On The Nature of FeIV=Oaq in Aqueous Media: A DFT analysis
Authors: Karimadom Basil Raju , Meyerstein Dan , Kornweitz Haya 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFeIV=Oaq is a key intermediate in many advanced oxidation processes and probably in biological systems. It is usually referred to as FeIV=O2+. The pKa's of FeIV=Oaq as derived by DFT are: pKa1=2.37 M06 L/6‐311++G(d,p) (SDD for Fe) and pKa2=7.79 M06 L/6‐311++G(d,p) (SDD for Fe). This means that in neutral solutions, FeIV=Oaq is a mixture of (H2O)4(OH)FeIV=O+ and (H2O)2(OH)2FeIV=O. The oxidation potential of FeIV=Oaq in an acidic solution, E0{(H2O)5FeIV=O2+/FeIII(H2O)63+, pH 0.0} is calculated with and without a second solvation sphere and the recommended value is between 2.86 V (B3LYP/Def2‐TZVP, with a second solvation sphere) and 2.23 V (M06 L/Def2‐TZVP without a second solvation sphere). This means that FeIV=Oaq is the strongest oxidizing agent formed in systems involving FeVIO42− even in neutral media.
LGBTQ+ cultural‐competence training effectiveness: Mental health organization and therapist survey outcome results from a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Boekeloo Bradley , Fish Jessica , Turpin Rodman , Aparicio Elizabeth M. , Shin Richard , Vigorito Michael A. , Lare Sean M. , McGraw James S. , King‐Marshall Evelyn 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning and other sexual and gender diverse (LGBTQ+) persons frequently lack access to mental health service organizations (MHOs) and therapists who are competent with LGBTQ+ clients. Existing continuing education programmes to better equip therapists to work with LGBTQ+ clients are often not widely accessible or skills focused, evaluated for effectiveness and inclusive of MHO administrators who can address the organizational climate needed for therapist effectiveness. A virtual, face‐to‐face, multi‐level (administrators and therapists) and multi‐strategy (technical assistance, workshop and clinical consultations) LGBTQ+ cultural competence training—the Sexual and Gender Diversity Learning Community (SGDLC)—was tested in a pilot randomized controlled trial. Ten organizations were randomly assigned to the intervention (SGDLC plus free online videos) or control (free online videos only) group. Pretest/posttest Organization LGBTQ+ Climate Surveys (n = 10 MHOs) and pretest/posttest Therapist LGBTQ+ Competence Self‐Assessments (n = 48 therapists) were administered. Results showed that at pretest, average ratings across organization LGBTQ+ climate survey items were low; twice as many items improved on average in the intervention (10/18 items) than control (5/18 items) group organizations. At pretest, therapist average scores (range 0–1) were highest for knowledge (0.88), followed by affirmative attitudes (0.81), practice self‐efficacy (0.81), affirmative practices (0.75) and commitment to continued learning (0.69). Pretest/posttest change scores were higher for the intervention relative to the control group regarding therapist self‐reported affirmative attitudes (cumulative ordinal ratio [OR] = 3.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.73, 6.26), practice self‐efficacy (OR = 5.28, 95% CI = 2.00, 13.93) and affirmative practices (OR = 3.12, 95% CI = 1.18, 8.25). Average therapist and administrator satisfaction scores were high for the SGDLC. These findings suggest the SGDLC training can affect organizational‐ and therapist‐level changes that may benefit LGBTQ+ clients.
Interface Regulation via Electric Double Layer for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Du Haiying , Song Keming , Yang Mingrui , Huang Peng , Chen Weihua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInterphases, especially the electrochemically formed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), are significantly important for cycling stability, reaction kinetics and safety of rechargeable batteries. The structure and composition of the electric double layer (EDL) greatly affect the formation of the SEI and the performance of electrodes. However, as far as we know, there is no review discussing the theme specifically. Herein, the recent substantial progress for EDL and its impact on the formation of SEI in rechargeable batteries are reviewed and discussed. Firstly, the specific adsorption of electrolyte components on electrodes’ surface and the ionic solvation structure are introduced. Furthermore, various methods for controlling EDL in different electrode systems are described. Finally, the potential future advancements of the SEI through the manipulation of EDL are discussed, aiming to enhance the electrochemical performance of rechargeable batteries.
LAMP‐based molecular sexing in a gonochoric marine bivalve (Macoma balthica rubra) with divergent sex‐specific mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Le Cam Sabrina , Brémaud Julie , Malkócs Tamás , Kreckelbergh Eugénie , Becquet Vanessa , Dubillot Emmanuel , Garcia Pascale , Breton Sophie , Pante Eric 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTaking advantage of the unique system of doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondria, we developed a reliable molecular method to sex individuals of the marine bivalve Macoma balthica rubra. In species with DUI (~100 known bivalves), both sexes transmit their mitochondria: males bear both a male‐ and female‐type mitogenome, while females bear only the female type. Male and female mitotypes are sufficiently divergent to reliably PCR‐amplify them specifically. Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a precise, economical and portable alternative to PCR for molecular sexing and we demonstrate its application in this context. We used 154 individuals sampled along the Atlantic coast of France and sexed microscopically by gonad examination to test for the congruence among gamete type, PCR sexing and LAMP sexing. We show an exact match among the sexing results from these three methods using the male and female mt‐cox1 genes. DUI can be disrupted in inter‐specific hybrids, causing unexpected distribution of mitogenomes, such as homoplasmic males or heteroplasmic females. To our knowledge, DUI disruption at the intra‐specific scale has never been tested. We applied our sexing protocol to control for unexpected heteroplasmy caused by hybridization between divergent genetic lineages and found no evidence of disruption in the mode of mitochondrial inheritance in M. balthica rubra. We propose LAMP as a useful tool to accelerate eco‐evolutionary studies of DUI. It offers the opportunity to investigate the potential role of, previously unaccounted‐for, sex‐specific patterns such as sexual selection or sex‐specific dispersal bias in the evolution of free‐spawning benthic species.
Dynamic colour change as a signalling tool in bluelined goatfish (Upeneicthtys lineatus)
Authors: Tosetto Louise , Hart Nathan S. , Williamson Jane E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany animal species can rapidly change their body colouration and patterning, but often the ecological drivers of such changes are unknown. Here, we explored dynamic colour change in the bluelined goatfish, Upeneichthys lineatus, a temperate marine teleost species. Upeneichthus lineatus can change in a matter of seconds, from a uniform white colour to display prominent, vertical, dark red stripes. Initial observations suggested that rapid colour change in U. lineatus was associated with feeding and may act as a signal to both conspecifics and heterospecifics that are frequently observed to follow feeding goatfish. Field observations of the colour and behaviour of individual U. lineatus were collected to (1) document the repertoire of behaviours that U. lineatus displays and categorise associated colour patterns; (2) quantify the speed of dynamic colour change; (3) establish the context in which U. lineatus changes colour and pattern; and (4) test whether the behaviour of follower fishes is influenced by colour patterning or specific behaviours of the focal goatfish. We found that U. lineatus changed colouration from white to the red banded pattern in less than 10 s. The key driver of rapid colour change in U. lineatus was feeding, particularly when the fish fed with its head buried in sediment. Conspecific followers were most likely to be white in colour and adopt searching behaviour, regardless of the focal fish colour or behaviour. Other species of follower fish spent significantly more time following U. lineatus that were displaying dark red stripes when searching or eating, implying the red stripes may be an interspecific signalling mechanism. Our findings indicate that rapid colour change in teleost fish may be used for social communication and may provide U. lineatus with increased protection from predation when feeding via a safety‐in‐numbers approach.
Distribution pattern and change prediction of Phellodendron habitat in China under climate change
Authors: Zhao Yanghui , Wen Yafeng , Zhang Wenqian , Wang Chuncheng , Yan Yadan , Hao Siwen , Zhang Donglin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhellodendron has always been of great significance in promoting human health and ecological restoration. However, human activities and climate change have severely affected habitat, population dynamics and sustainable use of Phellodendron. Little is known about the geographical distribution pattern and their responses to climate change of Phellodendron. In order to reveal the impact of climate change on Phellodendron, we conducted a study based on natural distribution data of two species (297 occurrence points), 20 environmental factors, and an optimized MaxEnt model. Our results identified the main environmental factors influencing Phellodendron, predicted their potential geographical distribution, and assessed migration trends under climate change in China. Our analysis showed that Ph. amurense and Ph. chinense have potential suitable habitats of 62.89 × 104 and 70.71 × 104 km2, respectively. Temperature and precipitation were found to play an essential role in shaping the present geographical distribution of Phellodendron populations. Based on two future climate scenarios, we forecasted that the potential suitable habitat of Ph. amurense would decrease by 12.52% (SSP245) and increase by 25.28% (SSP585), while Ph. chinense would decline by 19.61% (SSP245) and 15.78% (SSP585) in the late‐21st century. The potential suitable habitats of Ph. amurense and Ph. chinense would shift to northward and westward, respectively. Hydrothermal change was found to be the primary driver of the suitable habitat of Phellodendron populations in the future. We recommend establishing nature reserves for existing Phellodendron populations, especially Ph. chinense. Our study provided a practical framework for the impact of climate change on the suitable habitat of Phellodendron species and guided regional cultivation, long‐term conservation, and sustainable use.
Ecosystem size and complexity as extrinsic drivers of food chain length in branching ecosystems
Authors: Pomeranz Justin P. F. , Finlay Jacques C. , Terui Akira 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of food chain length in natural communities has intrigued ecologists since Elton publicized “food cycles” in the early 20th century. Proposed drivers of food chain length have included productivity, disturbance regime, ecosystem size, and trophic omnivory. However, current theories have largely assumed simple, two‐dimensional habitat architectures and may not be adequate to predict food chain length in ecosystems with a complex, branching structure. Here, we develop a spatially explicit theoretical model that provides an integrated framework for understanding variation in food chain length in branching networks. We show independent, positive influences of ecosystem size and complexity (as indicated by branching properties) on food chain length. However, the effects of ecosystem size and complexity were contingent upon other factors, appearing more clearly in high‐disturbance and high‐productivity regimes. Our results suggest that ecosystem complexity is an important yet overlooked driver of food chain length that may increase the resilience to anthropogenic environmental changes.
Baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the EMPACT‐MI trial
Authors: Harrington Josephine , Udell Jacob A. , Jones W. Schuyler , Anker Stefan D. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Petrie Mark C. , Andersen Knut Robert , Sumin Mikhail , Zwiener Isabella , Hernandez Adrian F. , Butler Javed 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTAimsEmpagliflozin has been shown to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and in those with heart failure. The impact of empagliflozin in post‐acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients is unknown.Methods and resultsThe Study to Test the Effect of Empagliflozin on Hospitalization for Heart Failure and Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (EMPACT‐MI) trial screened 6610 participants with AMI and randomized 6522 to empagliflozin or placebo in addition to standard of care. The median (interquartile) age was 64 (56–71) years and 75.1% of patients were male. Major comorbidities included hypertension (69.1%), type 2 diabetes (31.7%), prior myocardial infarction (13.0%), and atrial fibrillation (10.9%). The majority (74.3%) of patients presented with an ST‐elevation myocardial infarction. Overall, 56.9% of patients had acute signs or symptoms of congestion requiring treatment and 78.3% had left ventricular systolic dysfunction with ejection fraction <45%. Clinical characteristics, including baseline demographics, rates of revascularization, and cardiovascular medications at discharge were largely comparable to recent trials of the post‐AMI population.ConclusionThe EMPACT‐MI trial will establish the benefit and risks of empagliflozin treatment in patients with AMI.
Therapeutic targeting of gut‐originating regulatory B cells in neuroinflammatory diseases
Authors: Neziraj Tradite , Siewert Lena , Pössnecker Elisabeth , Pröbstel Anne‐Katrin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRegulatory B cells (Bregs) are immunosuppressive cells that support immunological tolerance by the production of IL‐10, IL‐35, and TGF‐β. Bregs arise from different developmental stages in response to inflammatory stimuli. In that regard, mounting evidence points towards a direct influence of gut microbiota on mucosal B cell development, activation, and regulation in health and disease. While an increasing number of diseases are associated with alterations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis), little is known about the role of microbiota on Breg development and induction in neuroinflammatory disorders. Notably, gut‐originating, IL‐10‐ and IgA‐producing regulatory plasma cells have recently been demonstrated to egress from the gut to suppress inflammation in the CNS raising fundamental questions about the triggers and functions of mucosal‐originating Bregs in systemic inflammation. Advancing our understanding of Bregs in neuroinflammatory diseases could lead to novel therapeutic approaches.Here, we summarize the main aspects of Breg differentiation and functions and evidence about their involvement in neuroinflammatory diseases. Further, we highlight current data of gut‐originating Bregs and their microbial interactions and discuss future microbiota‐regulatory B cell‐targeted therapies in immune‐mediated diseases.
Development and validation of a custom panel including 114 InDels using massively parallel sequencing for forensic application
Authors: Yang Chengliang , He Meiyun , Liu Changhui , Liu Xueyuan , Lun Miaoqiang , Su Qin , Han Xiaolong , Liu Hong , Wang Mengge , Chen Ling , Liu Chao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInsertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) have particular characteristics, such as a relatively low mutation rate, small amplicon size, and no stutter artifacts when genotyped via the capillary electrophoresis platform. It would be an important complementary tool for individual identification and certain kinship analyses. At present, massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has shown excellent application value in forensic studies. Therefore, in this study, we developed a custom MPS InDel panel that contains 114 InDels [77 autosomal InDels (A‐InDels), 32 X‐chromosomal InDels (X‐InDels), and 5 Y‐chromosomal InDels) based on previous studies. To assess this panel's performance, several validation experiments were performed, including sensitivity, inhibitor, degraded DNA testing, species specificity, concordance, repeatability, case‐type samples, and population studies. The results showed that the lowest DNA input was 0.25 ng. All genotypes were obtained in the presence of 80 ng/µL humic acid, 2000 µmol/L calcium, 3000 µmol/L EDTA and indigo. In degraded DNA testing, 90% of loci could be detected for 16‐day‐old formalin‐fixed hearts. In addition, this panel has good species specificity. The values of combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion for 77 A‐InDels were 1–3.9951 × 10−32 and 1–4.2956 × 10−7, respectively. The combined mean exclusion chance for 32 X‐InDels was 0.99999 in trios and 0.99904 in duos. The validation results indicate that this newly developed MPS multiplex system is a robust tool for forensic applications.