bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Conversion of Peat and Humic Materials Into Liquid Fuels Using Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Chornet E. , Fonseca R. , Grandbois M. , Brown R. P. 
Published: April 2023

Recent upward reevaluation of Canadian peat resources has renewed the interest in its possible use as a source of energy.Attention is focused on the eventual transformation of peat into heavy liquid fuels by taking advantage of the cleavage ability and the hydrogenation characteristics of carbon monoxide in the presence of liquid water. Yields of benzene soluble materials as high as 54% (maf peat) have been obtained in our batch autoclave experiments carried out at 350 – 360°C, 10.3 MPa (cold pressure) and up to 120 min as reaction time. Catalytic action by alkali seems to enhance the conversion of the humic materials present in peat.The work also relates to the dewatering of peat, since the conversion is carried out in the presence of water thus eliminating the need for the drying steps prior to the processing of the peat material.Une récente réévaluation à la hausse des ressources canadiennes en tourbe a renouvelé l'intérêt dans l'emploi possible de celle ci comme source d'énergie.L'attention se porte surtout sur l'éventuelle transformation de la tourbe en combustibles liquides et lourds, en mettant à profit la capacité de clivage et les caractéristiques d'hydrogénation que possède le monoxyde de carbonne en présence de l'eau à l'état liquide. Dans des expériences, discontinues eu autoclave, faites à une température variant entre 350°C et 360°C, une pression absolue (à froid) de 10.3 MP et un temps de réaction allant jusqu'à 120 minutes, on a obtenu des rendements atteignant 54% en matières solubles dans le benzène. L'action catalytique des alcali semble promouvoir la transformation des matières humiques présentes dans la tourbe.On traite aussi, dans le présent travail, de la déshydratation de la tourbe, étant donné que la transformation se fait en présence d'eau, ce qui élimine la nécessité de sécher la tourbe avant de la traiter.
Fuels and Chemical Feedstocks from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Huibers Derk T.A. , Jones Maurice W. 
Published: April 2023

Lignocellulosic biomass has promising application as a source of liquid motor fuel and chemical feedstock, A number of intermediate processing steps have been demonstrated, and now appear to be financially, as well as technically, viable.An overall process scheme considering lignocellulosic component separation, cellulose, hemi‐cellulose, and lignin conversion and order‐of‐magnitude economics of the system will be discussed.Much work remains to be done. In combination with coal conversion, biomass conversion is seen as the third major challenge of chemists and chemical engineers in this century. It is likely to lead to major innovations.La bio‐masse de la lignocellulose présente des applications potentielles prometteuses comme source de carburant liquide pour moteurs et de produit chimique pour alimentation animale. Un certain nombre d'étapes intermédiaires de traitement, ont été établies et semblent maintenant viables aux points de vue financier et technique.On discute un schéma d'ensemble du procédé qui embrasse la séparation des composants de la lignocellulose, la transformation de la cellulose, de l'hémicellulose, et de la lignine et on mentionne quelques ordres de grandeur pour les données économiques du procédé.Il reste, toutefois, encore beaucoup de travail à faire. On considère qu'avec la transformation du charbon, celle de la bio‐masse de la lignocellulose constitue le troisième défi majeur du siècle pour les chimistes et les ingénieurs‐chimistes; elle conduira probablement à d'importantes innovations.
Determination of order parameter of YMn0.5Fe0.5O3 epitaxial thin films by anomalous X‐ray scattering technique
Authors: Lee Chih‐Hao , Chen Hong‐En , Haw Shu‐Chih , Anbalagan Aswin kumar , Chen Jin‐Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe crystal structure of an orthorhombic YMn0.5Fe0.5O3 (010) (YMFO) epitaxial films on YAlO3(010) substrate was studied using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and anomalous X‐ray diffraction techniques. Due to the utmost similar scattering factors of Mn and Fe atoms, it is hard to distinguish them at specific sites of the unit cell from the variations in the diffraction peak intensity. Therefore, anomalous X‐ray scattering was used to determine the order or disorder structure of YMFO films. To estimate the order parameter of the YMFO film, the incident X‐ray energies have been scanned around the Mn K‐edge and Fe K‐edge, resulting in enhanced diffraction intensities of the forbidden YMFO (010) peak by 15–20 times, respectively. This in turn revealed that YMFO films have a partially ordered structure of about 40 ± 10% in the epitaxially grown thin film.
Positionality, intersectionality, power dynamics in community participatory research to define public safety in Black communities
Authors: Ruhland Ebony L. , Johnson Lauren , Moore Janet , Pelly Cinnamon , Bess Simone , Dariotis Jacinda K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCommunity‐based participatory research (CBPR) is necessary for shifting knowledge and empowering community members to establish ownership over research. It was used in this current project to study safety in predominately Black communities. Findings illustrate how the embodiment of power was a present theme and impacted the partnerships among the academics and community, as well as defining “who” could speak on the issues the project was attempting to address. This paper builds upon previous research in CBPR findings to illustrate how community leaders can shape the research, the importance of defining community, and the need to bring to the forefront issues of intersectionality and positionality. In doing so, it attempts to reshape existing CBPR models to better account for the fluid, interactive relationships among the academics, community researchers, and the community leader and expand upon the role of intersectionality in these relationships.
Bohr's inequality for holomorphic and pluriharmonic mappings with values in complex Hilbert spaces
Authors: Hamada Hidetaka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet be the unit ball of a complex Hilbert space H. First, we give a Bohr's inequality for the holomorphic mappings with lacunary series with values in complex Hilbert balls. Next, we give several results on Bohr's inequality for pluriharmonic mappings with values in ℓ2. Note that the Bohr phenomenons that we have obtained are completely different from those in the case with values in and are sharp in the case with values in ℓ2.
Preparation of highly thermally conductive epoxy composites featuring self‐healing and reprocessability
Authors: Cui Wenqi , Hu Ting , Yang Shuguang , Huang Baoquan , Qian Qingrong , Chen Qinghua , Luo Fubin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnhancing the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin is an urgent demand for its application in electronic packaging field. In this work, thermally conductive epoxy/graphite composite featuring excellent self‐healing and reprocessability is prepared based on covalent adaptable networks. The effect of graphite on the rheology, reprocessing, and self‐healing properties of epoxy have been studied. The result shows that the prepared composites can be easily reprocessed and have excellent self‐healing property. On the fundamental of the highly multifunctional performance of the epoxy composites, highly thermally conductive bulk composites are constructed via multilayered stacking up and self‐healing based on the film composites, which is prepared using a rolling method. It is demonstrated that the films can assemble into new substance bulk by stacking up through self‐healing. The high thermal conductivity is achieved by the highly aligned graphite induced by the rolling process. Result reveals that, being filled with 50% mass fraction of GR, the bulk composites possesses high thermal conductivity of 8.411 Wm−1 K−1. This work provides a new strategy to prepare recyclable and highly thermally conductive epoxy.
Metastable alpha‐rich and beta‐rich conformations of small Aβ42 peptide oligomers
Authors: Nguyen Phuong H. , Sterpone Fabio , Derreumaux Philippe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractProbing the structures of amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptides in the early steps of aggregation is extremely difficult experimentally and computationally. Yet, this knowledge is extremely important as small oligomers are the most toxic species. Experiments and simulations on Aβ42 monomer point to random coil conformations with either transient helical or β‐strand content. Our current conformational description of small Aβ42 oligomers is funneled toward amorphous aggregates with some β‐sheet content and rare high energy states with well‐ordered assemblies of β‐sheets. In this study, we emphasize another view based on metastable α‐helix bundle oligomers spanning the C‐terminal residues, which are predicted by the machine‐learning AlphaFold2 method and supported indirectly by low‐resolution experimental data on many amyloid polypeptides. This finding has consequences in developing novel chemical tools and to design potential therapies to reduce aggregation and toxicity.
Metal ion‐induced assembly of dipeptide‐attached perylenediimide for fluorometric “turn on” detection of biologically important small molecule
Authors: Hansda Biswanath , Mondal Biplab , Hazra Soumyajit , Banerjee Arindam 
Published: April 2023

A dipeptide‐appended perylenediimide (PDI‐CFF) fluorescent molecule was designed, synthesized, and characterized. Though the molecule does not dissolve in any individual solvent, it dissolves well in an organic/water mixed solvent system such as tetrahydrofuran/water. This new fluorescent molecule was self‐assembled in a tetrahydrofuran/water mixture to form both nanofibrous network structures and a nano ring structure. It has shown nanofibril morphology by the interactions with ferric ions (PDI‐CFF/Fe3+ system) with diminishing fluorescent property. Interestingly, L‐ascorbic acid (LAA) interacts with the PDI‐CFF/Fe3+ system, showing turn‐on fluorescence. Another interesting feature is that the minimum detection limits for Fe3+ ions and LAA are at the submicromolar levels of 6.2 × 10−8 and 3 × 10−8 M, respectively. Moreover, the fluorescent (10 μM) signals can be monitored by the naked eye under handheld UV lamp irradiation at 365 nm, and this is very convenient for the real application. In this study, the molecule offers the opportunity for processing these sequential fluorescence responses in order to fabricate a implication logic gate that includes NOT, AND, and OR simple logic gates using chemical stimuli (ferric ions and LAA) as inputs and fluorescence emission at 536 nm as output. The detailed mechanism of interactions of Fe3+ with PDI‐CFF and LAA with the PDI‐CFF/Fe3+ system is vividly studied by using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis and fluorescence. Moreover, this new molecule was reusable for several times without significant loss of its activity. The construction of logic gates using biologically important molecules/ions holds future promise for the design and development of new bio‐logic gates.
Symbiosis coordination between industrial development and ecological environment for sustainable development: Theory and evidence
Authors: Niu Kunying , He Wei , Qiu Luyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSymbiosis is a higher requirement for the sustainable development of industrial development and ecological environment, which is different from coordination or coupling. However, in the current research on the application of symbiosis theory, there are problems of conceptual confusion and unsystematic evaluation indicators, especially in the area of sustainable development. Therefore, the paper attempts to systematically identify and evaluate the symbiosis relationship between industrial development and ecological environment. The study creatively builds the theoretical framework of complex symbiotic system, including the social‐economic‐natural macrosystem and industrial‐ecological environmental microsystem. Based on DPSIR and Lotka‐Volterra model, a set of symbiotic coordination evaluation systems is proposed, and a symbiotic security pre‐warning mechanism is established. Then taking the Three Gorges Ecological Economic Corridor of the Yangtze River in China as an example, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of this method. Finally, suggestions are given to optimize the symbiosis development between industrial development and ecological environment, which also confirm the practicability of the Dimensionality Enhancement Plan we proposed to achieve sustainable development.
Ultrasound‐trigged micro/nanorobots for biomedical applications
Authors: Huang Danqing , Cai Lijun , Li Ning , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicro‐ and nanorobots (MNRs) propelled by external actuations have broad potential in biomedical applications. Among the numerous external excitations, ultrasound (US) features outstanding practical significance with merits of its noninvasiveness, tunability, penetrability, and biocompatibility. Attributing to various physiochemical effects of US, it can propel the MNRs with sophisticated structures through asymmetric acoustic streaming, bubble oscillation, and so on. In this review, we introduce several advanced and representative US‐propelled MNRs with inhomogeneous density distribution, asymmetric shape, hollow cavity, etc. The potential biomedical applications of these cutting‐edge MNRs are also presented, including intracellular delivery, harmful substances collection, and so on. Furthermore, we conclude the advantages and limitations of US‐propelled MNRs and prospect their future developments in multidisciplinary fields.
VulGraB: Graph‐embedding‐based code vulnerability detection with bi‐directional gated graph neural network
Authors: Wang Sixuan , Huang Chen , Yu Dongjin , Chen Xin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCode vulnerabilities can have serious consequences such as system attacks and data leakage, making it crucial to perform code vulnerability detection during the software development phase. Deep learning is an emerging approach for vulnerability detection tasks. Existing deep learning‐based code vulnerability detection methods are usually based on word2vec embedding of linear sequences of source code, followed by code vulnerability detection through RNNs network. However, such methods can only capture the superficial structural or syntactic information of the source code text, which is not suitable for modeling the complex control flow and data flow and miss edge information in the graph structure constructed by the source code, with limited effect of neural network model. To solve the above problems, this article proposes a code vulnerability detection method, named VulGraB, which is based on graph embedding and bidirectional gated graph neural networks. VulGraB uses node2vec to convert the program‐dependent graphs into graph embeddings of the code, which contain rich structure information of the source code, improving the ability of features to express nonlinear information to a certain extent. Then the BiGGNN is used for training, and finally the accuracy of the detection results is evaluated using target program. The bi‐directional gated neural network utilizes a bi‐directional recurrent structure, which is beneficial to global information aggregation. The experimental results show that the accuracy of VulGraB is significantly improved over the baseline models on two datasets, with F1 scores of 85.89% and 97.24% being the highest, demonstrating that VulGraB consistently outperforms other effective vulnerability detection models.
A retrospective evaluation of mushroom ingestions in 421 dogs in Norway (2011–2022)
Authors: Seljetun Kristin Opdal , Kragstad Heidi Runne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundMushroom poisoning may result in a variety of signs ranging from mild, mostly gastroenteritis, to organ failure and death. To increase the knowledge of prevalence, treatment and outcome in dogs, information regarding mushroom ingestion was collected.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study analysed all inquiries of mushroom ingestion in dogs to the Norwegian Poison Information Center from 2011 to 2022. Mushrooms were identified by a mycologist or Norwegian‐certified mushroom expert. Differences in mushroom species, clinical findings, treatments and outcome were evaluated.ResultsA total of 421 mushroom ingestions in dogs were included. The mushrooms were identified as non‐poisonous in 45% of cases. The most frequently involved toxin group was gastrointestinal mushrooms, followed by muscarinic mushrooms and mushrooms containing isoxazoles. About 64% of cases were managed at home, 33% were hospitalised and received treatment, and 3% were observed by a veterinarian without treatment. The survival rate was 98.6%, with death occurring after ingestion of Amanita muscaria, Cortinarius rubellus, Amanita virosa, Clitocybe rivulosa and Inocybe sp.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the importance of rapid and accurate identification of the mushroom. This could prevent delays in therapeutic intervention and avoid unnecessary treatment of these dogs. With early, correct identification of mushrooms, our results demonstrated a good prognosis for dogs after ingestion.
Yanyuwa Law
Authors: Kearney Amanda , Bradley John , Dodd Vincent , Norman a-Marrngawi Dinah , Timothy a-Muluwamara Mavis , Dimanyurru Graham Friday , a-Karrakayny Annie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides the contextual background for a case study of Yanyuwa Law and how this Law relates to the ownership of Country. Indigenous Law is explored through knowledge and practice that structures rights to and control over lands and waters, ecological understandings and processes, relationships between human and non-human kin, political structures and decision-making. Law is presented in this chapter not as liminal but as wholly attached to Indigenous peoples’ lands and waters. Too often popular notions of Indigenous Law reduce it to ‘folklore’, mysticism, fables and legends. Through an ethnographically rich account of Law, land/sea rights and succession in one remote Aboriginal communal context, this chapter invites the reader into a close encounter with Indigenous Law.
Palestinian National Protection Strategies and Realities
Authors: Spitka Timea 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines Palestinian national protection principles, practices and perceptions under the umbrella of Palestinian Authority (PA), Hamas and mixed Israeli/Palestinian Authority, highlighting the current practices and the gaps in the protection of civilians. Palestinian protection principles and practices are significantly different within the areas of West Bank and Gaza. Unpacking Palestinian security strategies and practices, this chapter examines the prioritization and effectiveness of national and group protection. The chapter outlines PPP of security based on documentation, surveys and interviews with national and international protectors.
Are Artists Phenomenologists? Perspectives from Edith Landmann-Kalischer and Maurice Merleau-Ponty
Authors: Matherne Samantha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to explore the question of whether artists are phenomenologists, I consider the negative and affirmative answers defended by Edith Landmann-Kalischer and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, respectively. Through this comparison, I bring to light reasons why phenomenologists take themselves to share a subject-matter with artists, viz., lived experience. However, with this comparison I also highlight the ways in which the answer to this question turns on how we conceive of what phenomenologists do. If one endorses a more scientific conception of phenomenology, as Landmann-Kalischer does, then it seems that the phenomenologist does something fundamentally different from the artist. But if one endorses a more aesthetic conception of phenomenology, as Merleau-Ponty does, then the phenomenologist’s efforts appear to be of a piece with those of the artist. In the end, I will not defend one position over the other; rather, my aim is to show that in order to answer the question, are artists phenomenologists, we must also answer the question, how should a phenomenologist be.
Reconstructing Past Experience Using Virtual Reality
Authors: Goodwin Graham , Lercari Nicola 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper we review digital technologies that can be used to study what the experiences of past peoples might have been. We focus on the use of immersive virtual reality (VR) systems to frame hypotheses about the visual and auditory experiences of past individuals, based on available archeological evidence. These reconstructions of past places and landscapes are often focused on visual data. We argue that we should move beyond this ocularcentric focus by integrating sound and other modalities into VR. However, even those that emphasize sound in archaeology—as in archaeoacoustics (Scarre & Lawson, 2006; Diaz-Andreu & Mattioli, 2015; Suárez et al., 2016)—often retain a unimodal emphasis that limits how much we can understand of past peoples’ sensory experience. We argue that it is important to emphasize the importance of seeing and hearing at the same time (i.e. multi-modal sensory integration) in phenomenological archaeology. This is possible using immersive virtual reality systems that can engage users with both sight and sound simultaneously.
Constitution Through Noema and Horizon: Husserl’s Theory of Intentionality
Authors: Smith David Woodruff 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHusserlian phenomenology develops around Husserl’s theory of the complex structure of intentionality, featuring key notions of noesis, noema, horizon, and the constitution of objects of consciousness. By virtue of the structures of noema and horizon found in our experience, things in the world around us are said to be “constituted” in consciousness (along with self and other). The present essay explores intentionality and constitution as modeled in lines of interpretation that extend classical Husserlian phenomenology. The resulting “semantic” approach to intentionality draws on the ontology of consciousness, meaning, and horizon, unfolding a “constitutive” realism whereby our consciousness takes its place in the world beyond our consciousness, yet we experience things in the world around us by virtue of noema and horizon. The “logical” and the “transcendental” aspects of phenomenal intentionality appear in due course, within a formal model of intentionality, a model taking shape within a meta-phenomenological and meta-metaphysical framework.
The Problem of the Unity of a Manifold in the Development of Husserl’s Philosophy
Authors: Hopkins Burt C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHusserl’s most systematic phenomenological work, Ideas for a Pure Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy. First Book: General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology (Ideas I) (Husserl, 2014), differentiates pure transcendental phenomenology, as an eidetic science, from the eidetic science of mathematics. In line with the tradition of transcendental philosophy arguably—ante rem—stretching back to Plato, Husserl contrasts transcendental phenomenology with mathematics and argues that its conceptuality cannot be appropriately articulated and conceived in analogy with mathematics. While both mathematics and transcendental phenomenology are eidetic sciences, phenomenology “belongs to a basic class of eidetic sciences … [that is] totally different from that to which the mathematical sciences belong” (Husserl, 2014, 136). The key differential between these two sciences on Husserl’s view concerns the nature of the essences that are the subject matter of each discipline. Mathematics deals with exact essences, which he characterizes as ideas in the Kantian sense. Phenomenology deals with inexact essences, which Husserl characterizes as morphological.