bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Story drift and damage level estimation of buildings using relative acceleration responses with multi‐target deep learning models under seismic excitation
Authors: Chou Jau‐Yu , Liu Chieh‐Yu , Chang Chia‐Ming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDamage detection is one of the primary purposes of structural health monitoring to inform catastrophic risks of structures right after extreme loadings such as earthquakes and hurricanes. In structural design codes, story drifts are considered as an indicator to estimate the damage states of structures. For instance, when the story drift ratios achieve 0.2‐0.4%, light damage may be present in a building. In addition, the remaining stiffness ratios can also reveal the damage levels of a structure. Previous studies have shown that structural stiffness changes can affect the frequency responses of structures, for example, changing the locations of poles in frequency response functions. In this research, two multi‐target neural network models are developed to concurrently estimate story drifts and remaining stiffness ratios using floor accelerations under seismic excitation. One of the multi‐target neural network models focuses on developing a physics‐guided loss function with a parallel model combination. Meanwhile, the other neural network model sequentially integrates two deep learning approaches by transfer learning. For example, the long short‐term memory units estimate story drift responses from floor accelerations. Then, the short‐time Fourier transform layers of floor accelerations yield the remaining stiffness ratio estimation. The proposed models are numerically investigated and experimentally verified. As a result, both models can estimate story drift and remaining stiffness ratio using the proposed neural network models.
A hybrid energy storage system using GA and PSO for an islanded microgrid applications
Authors: Firdouse Fareesa , Surender Reddy M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe renewable‐based hybrid energy storage systems have gained significant attention in recent times, due to their increased power extraction efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and eco‐friendly nature. But, the power management, optimal sizing of components, economic cost of energy, and system reliability are considered as the major problems of hybrid energy storage systems. For this purpose, the different types of optimization methodologies are developed in the conventional works for optimizing the size and cost of hybrid energy systems. The main contribution of this work is to design an efficient and reliable hybrid energy storage system based on the combination of solar, wind, biomass, batteries, and generators with optimal sizing of components, and reduced system cost. Hence, two different types of meta‐heuristics optimization techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are validated and compared with select the most suitable one for the reliable hybrid energy systems. Here, the mathematical modeling of a hybrid energy sources are presented for generating the electricity. It also discussed about the operating principles, working nature, flow of modeling, advantages, and disadvantages of GA and PSO techniques. During simulation, the performance of these algorithms is evaluated and compared by using various measures. Due to the increased convergence rate, reduced overfitting, and local optimum the performance of PSO is highly improved, when compared with the GA. Also, the PSO is discovered to perform better than the GA because it concurrently executes global and local searches, whereas the GA focuses primarily on the global search. The total excess energy for the entire year is estimated to be 5139 kWh/yr based on the findings. The PSO algorithm accurately predicts solar PV, wind turbines, batteries, and biomass gasifier with an ASC of 63 006$/yr and an LCOE of 0.173$/kWh. Hence, the results of PSO are superior than the standard GA mechanism. Moreover, the obtained results indicate that the PSO algorithm provides the better results compared with GA and HOMER.
Evaluation of polygenic risk scores to differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Ye Qiang , IglayReger Heidi , Tan Meng H. , Boehnke Michael , Burant Charles F. , Soleimanpour Scott A. , Gagliano Taliun Sarah A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) quantify the genetic liability to disease and are calculated using an individual's genotype profile and disease‐specific genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes both are determined in part by genetic loci. Correctly differentiating between types of diabetes is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment. PRS have the potential to address possible misclassification of T1D and T2D. Here we evaluated PRS models for T1D and T2D in European genetic ancestry participants from the UK Biobank (UKB) and then in the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI). Specifically, we investigated the utility of T1D and T2D PRS to discriminate between T1D, T2D, and controls in unrelated UKB individuals of European ancestry. We derived PRS models using external non‐UKB GWAS. The T1D PRS model with the best discrimination between T1D cases and controls (area under the receiver operator curve [AUC] = 0.805) also yielded the best discrimination of T1D from T2D cases in the UKB (AUC = 0.792) and separation in MGI (AUC = 0.686). In contrast, the best T2D model did not discriminate between T1D and T2D cases (AUC = 0.527). Our analysis suggests that a T1D PRS model based on independent single nucleotide polymorphisms may help differentiate between T1D, T2D, and controls in individuals of European genetic ancestry.
Complement receptor 1 is expressed on brain cells and in the human brain
Authors: Daskoulidou Nikoleta , Shaw Bethany , Torvell Megan , Watkins Lewis , Cope Emma L. , Carpanini Sarah M. , Allen Nicholas D. , Morgan B. Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGenome wide association studies (GWAS) have highlighted the importance of the complement cascade in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Complement receptor 1 (CR1; CD35) is among the top GWAS hits. The long variant of CR1 is associated with increased risk for AD; however, roles of CR1 in brain health and disease are poorly understood. A critical confounder is that brain expression of CR1 is controversial; failure to demonstrate brain expression has provoked the suggestion that peripherally expressed CR1 influences AD risk. We took a multi‐pronged approach to establish whether CR1 is expressed in brain. Expression of CR1 at the protein and mRNA level was assessed in human microglial lines, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived microglia from two sources and brain tissue from AD and control donors. CR1 protein was detected in microglial lines and iPSC‐derived microglia expressing different CR1 variants when immunostained with a validated panel of CR1‐specific antibodies; cell extracts were positive for CR1 protein and mRNA. CR1 protein was detected in control and AD brains, co‐localizing with astrocytes and microglia, and expression was significantly increased in AD compared to controls. CR1 mRNA expression was detected in all AD and control brain samples tested; expression was significantly increased in AD. The data unequivocally demonstrate that the CR1 transcript and protein are expressed in human microglia ex vivo and on microglia and astrocytes in situ in the human brain; the findings support the hypothesis that CR1 variants affect AD risk by directly impacting glial functions.
Vaccination status and outcomes of COVID‐19 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Iran during the dominant Delta variant period
Authors: Mehdinezhad Hamed , Karim Bardia , Ahmadi Niloufar , Ahangar Reza Mohseni , Asadolahzadeh Ali , Haddad‐Zavareh Mahmoud Sadeghi , khoshkhou Fatemeh , Qolami Zeynab , Gorji Neda Mahdinezhad , Delavar Mouloud Agajani 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the characteristics, vaccination status, and outcomes of confidence interval (COVID‐19) patients, admitted to a tertiary hospital in Iran during the predominant severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta variant period.MethodsThis retrospective study assessed the medical records of all hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, who were admitted to a tertiary hospital from July 10 to September 15, 2021. Adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine factors associated with poor outcomes.ResultsMore than 25% of hospitalized patients received at least one vaccine dose of SARS‐CoV‐2. The Sinopharm BIBP vaccine (China) was the most commonly received vaccine (73.3%). After adjusting for age and comorbidities, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for poor outcomes was significantly lower in hospitalized patients who received Remdesivir compared to those not receiving Remdesivir (AOR: 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15, 0.78;p < .010). Besides, age ≥50 years (AOR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.38, 4.59;p < .003), low educational level (AOR: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.17, 13.53;p < .027), work outside in the past year (AOR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.00;p < .041), and diabetes mellitus (AOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.66, 3.26;p = .011) were associated with more poor outcomes.ConclusionBased on the present results, the risk of mortality and the risk of poor outcomes were lower in patients who received Remdesivir compared to those not receiving Remdesivir. The number of vaccinated patients was smaller than the unvaccinated among hospitalized patients. It is important to emphasize that vaccination reduced the need for hospitalization and that only vaccinated patients with comorbidities required hospitalization.
Pneumonia X‐ray detection with anchor‐free detection framework and data augmentation
Authors: Yan Nan , Tao Ye 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPneumonia has become one of the main causes of human death. However, it is a tall order to efficiently and accurately diagnose pneumonia for clinicians. Therefore, A novel method based on anchor‐free detection framework is proposed to automatically locate lung opacities on chest radiographs in this study. We conducted extensive sets of experiments on the dataset of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) pneumonia detection challenge from the Kaggle competition. The results show superior performances for our method compared with previous studies. The best method achieved 52.9% in average precision (AP) and 97.5% in average recall (AR). For better interpretability of the results, visualization techniques are applied to provide visual explanations for our method. The visualization of these randomly selected samples shows that the method has excellent performance for lung opacity detection. Our method achieves better discriminative results and is suitable for the pneumonia diagnosis.
Spatial Lipidomic Profiling of Mouse Joint Tissue Demonstrates the Essential Role of PHOSPHO1 in Growth Plate Homeostasis
Authors: Tzvetkov Jordan , Stephen Louise A. , Dillon Scott , Millan Jose Luis , Roelofs Anke J. , De Bari Cosimo , Farquharson Colin , Larson Tony , Genever Paul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Lipids play a crucial role in signaling and metabolism, regulating the development and maintenance of the skeleton. Membrane lipids have been hypothesized to act as intermediates upstream of orphan phosphatase 1 (PHOSPHO1), a major contributor to phosphate generation required for bone mineralization. Here, we spatially resolve the lipid atlas of the healthy mouse knee and demonstrate the effects of PHOSPHO1 ablation on the growth plate lipidome. Lipids spanning 17 subclasses were mapped across the knee joints of healthy juvenile and adult mice using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS), with annotation supported by shotgun lipidomics. Multivariate analysis identified 96 and 80 lipid ions with differential abundances across joint tissues in juvenile and adult mice, respectively. In both ages, marrow was enriched in phospholipid platelet activating factors (PAFs) and related metabolites, cortical bone had a low lipid content, whereas lysophospholipids were strikingly enriched in the growth plate, an active site of mineralization and PHOSPHO1 activity. Spatially-resolved profiling of PHOSPHO1-knockout (KO) mice across the resting, proliferating, and hypertrophic growth plate zones revealed 272, 306, and 296 significantly upregulated, and 155, 220, and 190 significantly downregulated features, respectively, relative to wild-type (WT) controls. Of note, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylethanolamine derived lipid ions were upregulated in PHOSPHO1-KO versus WT. Our imaging pipeline has established a spatially-resolved lipid signature of joint tissues and has demonstrated that PHOSPHO1 ablation significantly alters the growth plate lipidome, highlighting an essential role of the PHOSPHO1-mediated membrane phospholipid metabolism in lipid and bone homeostasis. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Dissociable brainstem functional connectivity changes correlate with objective and subjective vigilance decline after total sleep deprivation in healthy male subjects
Authors: Wu Yuxin , Lei Yu , Chen Pinhong , Hu Gang , Lin Bei , Zhang Chaoyue , Wu Xinhuai , Wang Lubin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe maintenance of vigilance relies on the activation of the cerebral cortex by the arousal system centered on the brainstem. Previous studies have suggested that both objective and subjective vigilance are susceptible to sleep deprivation. This study aims to explore the alterations in brainstem arousal system functional connectivity (FC) and its involvement in these two types of vigilance decline following total sleep deprivation (TSD). Thirty‐seven healthy male subjects underwent two counterbalanced resting‐state fMRI scans, once in rested wakefulness (RW) and once after 36 h of TSD. The pontine tegmental area and caudal midbrain (PTA‐cMidbrain), the core regions of the brainstem arousal system, were chosen as the seeds for FC analysis. The difference in PTA‐cMidbrain FC between RW and TSD conditions was then investigated, as well as its associations with objective vigilance measured by psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and subjective vigilance measured by Stanford Sleepiness Scale. The sleep‐deprived subjects showed increased PTA‐cMidbrain FC with the thalamus and cerebellum and decreased PTA‐cMidbrain FC with the occipital, parietal, and sensorimotor regions. TSD‐induced increases in PVT reaction time were negatively correlated with altered PTA‐cMidbrain FC in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, extrastriate visual cortex, and precuneus. TSD‐induced increases in subjective sleepiness were positively correlated with altered PTA‐cMidbrain FC in default mode regions including the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus. Our results suggest that different brainstem FC patterns underlie the objective and subjective vigilance declines induced by TSD.
The influence of home shopping television network impulse buying on product shortages
Authors: Lee Sangjoon , Shin Hojung , Benton W. C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between impulse buying and product shortages in the context of television home shopping. Home shopping networks adopt promotional tactics to pitch sales and even encourage consumers' impulse buying. Marketing and sales management often assume that home shoppers' impulse buying will increase sales and profits, not considering the possibility that a significant number of impulse purchases could be canceled or returned. In general, product shortages driven by consumers' impulse buying may create a phantom stockout condition whereas non‐impulsive consumers are deprived of purchasing opportunities while products are in the process of being canceled or returned. This is the first large‐scale empirical study that addresses the relationship between impulse buying and product shortages in a network retail context. Based on actual transaction data, a novel research plan is developed to measure the impact of consumers' impulse buying on the retailer's revenue and product shortages. The findings indicate that impulse buying may cause product shortages directly. We conduct a post hoc analysis to investigate the differences in the impact of impulse buying between newly introduced and existing products and between hedonic and utilitarian products. Based on the empirical findings, we provide managerial implications for home shopping network retailers.
Palliation of mucinous appendiceal neoplasms with peritoneal metastases with total abdominal colectomy
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. , Chang David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIncomplete cytoreduction for mucinous appendiceal neoplasms is often required to temporarily alleviate symptoms. The surgical technology for this intervention may be complex and result in extensive morbidity and even mortality. Knowledgeable patient selection for this surgery is mandatory.MethodsA database was used to identify patients who had palliative surgery that included total abdominal colectomy (TAC). Clinical‐ and treatment‐related variables were assessed for their impact on overall survival.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients had an incomplete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) that included a TAC. The median survival was 2.5 years and the median follow‐up was 2 years. Patients with symptoms of abdominal distention and ascites showed a reduced prognosis (p = 0.0254). The low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) and mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma intermediate type (MACA‐Int) grouped together showed a prolonged survival (p = 0.0003). MACA with positive lymph nodes showed a reduced survival (p = 0.0009) when compared to MACA patients without positive lymph nodes. A peritoneal cancer index of 1–30 versus >30 and completeness of cytoreduction score of 2 versus 3 were not significant.ConclusionTAC with end ileostomy was used as a treatment option to provide palliation of patients having an incomplete CRS for appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. With LAMN or MACA‐Int, median survival was 5.0 years. The surgery can be performed with a morbidity of 9.0% and mortality of 2.6%. Although not considered a palliative option in the past, these data suggest TAC may be used with acceptable results in this group of patients.
Antecedents and outcome of tourists' positive achievement emotions in visiting risky destinations: The case of Middle East
Authors: Rezaei Nafiseh , Huang Wei‐Jue (Sabrina) , Hung Kam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe learning experience is an inseparable part of tourism, especially in a risk context. This study investigates the mechanism of tourists' achievement emotions in visiting risky destinations. The Control‐Value Theory of Achievement Emotions has been applied and transposed from the education to tourism context for the first time. Data was collected from seven top markets for the Middle East. Local people and tour leaders' support, along with perceived risks, are antecedents of tourists' self‐efficacy and task value. Findings also confirm the positive influence of tourists' enjoyment and pride on their memorable traveling experiences in the Middle East destinations. Therefore, this study provides empirical evidence for previous literature on the importance of socio‐psychological aspects of the tourist experience. Besides numerous theoretical contributions, this research offers several suggestions to DMOs for boosting tourism in the Middle East region. However, the implications can be applied to any risky destinations with similar condition.
Spatiotemporal variability of the potential wind erosion risk in Southern Africa between 2005 and 2019
Authors: Kestel Florian , Wulf Monika , Funk Roger 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegional assessments of the wind erosion risk are rare and vary due to the methods used and the available data to be included. The adaptation of existing methods has the advantage that the results can be compared directly. We adopted an already successfully applied methodology (ILSWE—applied in East Africa), to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of the wind erosion risk between 2005 and 2019 in Southern Africa. The approach integrates climatic variables, a vegetation index, and soil properties to describe the potential impact of wind erosion at the landscape scale. The annual and seasonal variability is determined by the vegetation cover, whereas droughts and strong El Niño events had only regional effects. We estimated that 8.3% of the study area experiences a moderate to elevated wind erosion risk over the 15‐year period with annual and inter‐annual fluctuations showing a slight upward trend. In general, the desert and drylands in the west have the highest proportion of risk areas, the moist forests in the east are characterized by a very low risk of wind erosion, while the grasslands, shrublands, and croplands in the interior most likely react to changes of climatic conditions. The validation process is based on a comparison with the estimated frequency of dust storms derived from the aerosol optical depth and angstrom exponent and revealed an overall accuracy of 65%. The results of this study identify regions and yearly periods prone to wind erosion to prioritize for further analysis and conservation policies for mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Factors related to wellness and burnout in academic otolaryngology: A pre‐ and Post‐COVID‐19 analysis
Authors: Yesantharao Lekha V. , Joo Hyonoo , Wei Eric X. , Lin Sandra Y. , Vohra Varun , Agrawal Yuri , Galaiya Deepa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesDescribe demographic and professional factors predictive of burnout in academic otolaryngology before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn 2018 and 2020, cross‐sectional surveys on physician wellness and burnout were distributed to faculty members of a single academic institution's otolaryngology department. Faculty were dichotomized into low and high burnout groups for 2018 (n = 8 high burnout, 19%) and 2020 (n = 11 high burnout, 37%). To identify protective factors against burnout, three semi‐structured interviews were conducted with faculty that reported no burnout.ResultsForty‐two participants (59%) in 2018 and 30 out of 49 participants (62%) in 2020 completed the survey. In multivariate analysis of 2018 survey data, full and associate professors had significantly lower odds of high burnout (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.00–0.53; p = .03). Female gender was associated with increased in odds of high burnout (OR 15.55, 95% CI 1.86–231.74; p = .02). However, academic rank and gender did not remain independent predictors of high burnout in the 2020 survey. We identified significant differences in drivers of burnout brought on by the pandemic, including a shift from a myriad of work‐related stressors in 2018 to a focus on patientcare and family obligations in 2020. Interview analysis identified three themes in faculty who reported no burnout: (1) focus on helping others, (2) happiness over compensation as currency, and (3) gratitude for the ability to have an impact.ConclusionApproximately 20% of faculty reported high burnout before the pandemic, and this proportion nearly doubled during the pandemic. The risk factors and themes identified in this study may help academic otolaryngologists prevent burnout.Lay SummaryFactors driving burnout among academic otolaryngologists during the COVID‐19 pandemic transitioned away from research, conferences, and work outside business hours toward family and patient responsibilities. Females report higher burnout and full professors report lower burnout.Level of evidenceIII.