bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A robust optimal distributed control design for simultaneous voltage regulation and current sharing in DC microgrid
Authors: Amirparast Ali , Hosseini Sani S. Kamal 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, a robust optimal distributed controller is designed for achieving average voltage regulation and current sharing in a DC microgrid. Each distributed generation unit (DGU) consists of a DC‐DC buck converter that supplies a local constant current load. The proposed controller only utilises output currents of converters and the possible maximum error values in estimation of series resistance in the RLC filter used in each DGU. The proposed controller is formed such that the possible estimation error is considered as an uncertain parameter. In addition to obtaining two main objectives, average voltage regulation, and current sharing, a robust control problem is solved through an optimal control technique to calculate controller parameters such that the stability of the grid is guaranteed. The stability of the closed loop system with parametric uncertainty is proved through Lyapunov analysis. The closed loop system with the suggested controller is tested by simulations and through different scenarios to reveal the reliable and satisfactory performance of the proposed robust optimal control structure.
Cloud reflection modelling for impact flashes on Jupiter
Authors: Arimatsu Ko , Tsumura Kohji , Usui Fumihiko , Watanabe Jun-ichi 
Published: August 2023

Aims. We investigate the optical characteristics of flashes caused by the impact of metre- to decametre-sized outer Solar System objects on Jupiter, and the contributions of reflected light from surface clouds at visible wavelengths, in order to estimate more accurate bulk parameters, such as the luminous energy of the flash, the kinetic energy, the mass, and the size of the impact object.
Methods. Using the results of recent reflectivity studies of the Jovian surface, we developed a cloud reflection model that calculates the contribution of the reflected light relative to that directly from the flash. We compared the apparent luminous energy of the previously reported flashes with the expected cloud reflection contributions to obtain their revised bulk parameters.
Results. We find that cloud reflection contributions can make up to 200% of the flux directly from the flash, and thus can be the most significant uncertainty in the measurement of the bulk parameters. The reflection contributions strongly depend on wavelength. With our cloud reflection correction, we obtained revised bulk parameters for the previously reported flashes.
Conclusions. Our cloud reflection correction enables us to better understand the properties of objects impacting Jupiter and is crucial for ongoing detailed investigations using high-sensitivity and multi-wavelength observation systems, such as PONCOTS. It will also be useful for understanding other optical transients in Jupiter’s upper atmosphere, such as the recently discovered sprite-like events.
Impact of hot exozodiacal dust on the polarimetric analysis of close-in exoplanets
Authors: Ollmann K. , Wolf S. , Lietzow M. , Stuber T. A. 
Published: August 2023

Context. Hot exozodiacal dust (HEZD) found around main-sequence stars through interferometric observations in the photometric bands H to L is located close to the dust sublimation radius, potentially at orbital radii comparable to those of close-in exoplanets. Consequently, HEZD has a potential influence on the analysis of the scattered-light polarization of close-in exoplanets and vice versa.
Aims. We analyze the impact of HEZD on the polarimetric characterization of close-in exoplanets. This study is motivated in particular by the recently proven feasibility of exoplanet polarimetry.
Methods. Applying the 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code POLARIS in an extended and optimized version for radiative transfer in exoplanetary atmospheres and an analytical tool for modeling the HEZD, we simulated and compared the polarization characteristics of the wavelength-dependent scattered-light polarization of HEZD and close-in exoplanets. As a starting point for our analysis, we defined a reference model consisting of a close-in exoplanet with a scattered-light polarization consistent with the upper limit determined for WASP-18b, and a HEZD consistent with the near-infrared excess detected for HD 22484 (10 Tau).
Results. The varied parameters are the planetary phase angle (0°–180°), the dust grain radius (0.02 µm−10 µm), the HEZD mass (10−10 M⊙−10−8 M⊙), the orbital inclination (0°−90°), the composition of the planetary atmosphere (Mie and Rayleigh scattering atmosphere), the orbital radius of HEZD (0.02 au−0.4 au), and the planetary orbital radius (0.01 au−0.05 au). The dust grain radius has the strongest influence on the polarimetric analysis due to its significant impact on the wavelength-dependent polarization characteristics and the total order of magnitude of the scattered-light polarization. In certain scenarios, the scattered-light polarization of the HEZD even exceeds that of the close-in exoplanet, for example for a dust grain radius of 0.1 µm, a HEZD mass of 8 × 10−10 M⊙, an orbital radius of HEZD of 0.04 au and an orbital inclination of 90°.
Conclusions. The presence of HEZD potentially has a significant impact on the polarimetric investigations of close-in exoplanets. Furthermore, interferometric observations are required to better constrain the parameter space for HEZD and thus the possible resulting scattered-light polarization.
Universality of coronal properties in accreting black holes across mass and accretion rate
Authors: Chakraborty Sudip , Ratheesh Ajay , Tombesi Francesco , Nemmen Rodrigo , Banerjee Srimanta 
Published: August 2023

Aims. Through their radio loudness, lack of thermal UV emission from the accretion disk, and power-law dominated spectra, low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) display similarity with the hard state of stellar-mass black hole X-ray binaries (BHBs). In this work we perform a systematic hard X-ray spectral study of a carefully selected sample of unobscured LLAGNs using archival NuSTAR data to understand the central engine properties in the lower accretion regime.
Methods. We analyzed the NuSTAR spectra of a sample of 16 LLAGNs. We modeled the continuum emission with detailed Comptonization models.
Results. We find a strong anti-correlation between the optical depth and the electron temperature of the corona, previously also observed in the brighter Seyferts. This anti-correlation is present irrespective of the shape of the corona, and the slope of this anti-correlation in the log space for LLAGNs (0.68–1.06) closely matches that of the higher accretion rate Seyferts (0.55–1.11) and hard state of BHBs (∼0.87). This anti-correlation may indicate a departure from a fixed disk-corona configuration in radiative balance.
Conclusions. Our result, therefore, demonstrates a possible universality in Comptonization processes of black hole X-ray sources across multiple orders of magnitude in mass and accretion rate.
Tumorassoziierte Thrombose
Authors: Bauersachs Rupert 
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu
Aktuelle Leitlinien Die aktuellen Leitlinien empfehlen jetzt zur Behandlung der krebsassoziierten Thrombose (CAT) den Einsatz von direkten Faktor-Xa-Inhibitoren (dFXa-I), gleichwertig zum niedermolekularen Heparin (NMH) – zum Teil wird dFXa-I präferiert. Die Leitlinien stimmen auch in ihren Warnungen überein, dFXa-I wegen des Blutungsrisikos bei gastrointestinalen oder urogenitalen Tumoren mit Vorsicht einzusetzen, insbesondere, wenn der Tumor noch nicht reseziert ist. Mögliche Wechselwirkungen mit der Anti-Krebstherapie sind ebenfalls zu beachten. Die individuelle Entscheidung zur parenteralen Therapie mit NMH oder zur oralen Therapie richtet sich nach der Tumorart, dem Stadium, Begleiterkrankungen, der Aggressivität der Antikrebstherapie und der Patientenpräferenz.
Verlängerte Sekundärprophylaxe Von einer Dosisreduktion in der verlängerten Sekundärprophylaxe wird abgeraten, da das Rezidivrisiko bei CAT-Patienten sehr hoch ist und aktuell noch keine Evidenz aus randomisierten kontrollierten Studien vorliegt. Erste retrospektive Daten legen nahe, dass diese Dosisreduktion auch für individuell ausgewählte CAT-Patienten sicher und effektiv sein kann.
Inzidentelle venöse Thromboembolien im Tumorstaging Inzidentelle venöse Thromboembolien (VTE), die bei Screening-Untersuchungen zufällig entdeckt werden, sollten nach den Leitlinien genauso wie symptomatische VTE behandelt werden. Auch wegen des etwas niedrigeren Rezidivrisikos bei gleichzeitigem Blutungsrisiko erscheint eine niedrigere Intensität der Antikoagulation möglich; dies wurde aber bislang nicht untersucht. Die Patienten sollten in jedem Fall genau nach möglichen Symptomen befragt werden, da symptomatische Patienten mit inzidenteller VTE die gleichen Komplikationsraten aufweisen wie generell Patienten mit symptomatischer VTE.
Alkoholische Hepatitis – Aktuelle und zukünftige Behandlungskonzepte
Authors: Kasper Philipp , Demir Münevver 
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?
Aktuelle Therapie. Die Einhaltung einer strikten Alkoholabstinenz, eine Optimierung des Ernährungsstatus, die Vermeidung von Infektionen sowie die Gabe von Kortikosteroiden sind derzeit die Hauptpfeiler der Behandlung von Patienten mit Alkoholischer Hepatitis (AH).
Neue Therapieansätze. Infolge eines verbesserten Verständnisses der zugrundeliegenden Pathomechanismen der AH werden derzeit eine Vielzahl neuer, innovativer Therapiemethoden in klinischen Studien untersucht, welche das Potenzial aufweisen, das Outcome der Betroffenen zu verbessern und die hohe Kurzzeitmortalität dieser Erkrankung zu reduzieren. Neue Ansätze umfassen die Applikation anti-inflammatorischer Substanzen (z.B. Interleukin-1-Inhibitoren), Modifikationen der Darm-Leber-Achse via fäkalem Mikrobiomtransfer oder der Gabe nicht resorbierbarer Antibiotika (z.B. Rifaximin), sowie Medikamente zur Steigerung der hepatischen Regeneration (z.B. Interleukin-22-Agonisten). Zudem stellen Medikamente, die oxidativen Stress reduzieren können (z.B. N-Acetylcystein, Metadoxine), weitere therapeutische Strategien dar. Mittlerweile konnten außerdem mehrere Studien zeigen, dass eine frühzeitige Lebertransplantation als Rescue-Therapie für ausgewählte Patienten mit schwerer AH, die nicht auf eine Steroidbehandlung ansprachen, eine sinnvolle Option darstellen kann und mit einem deutlichen Überlebensvorteil und gutem Outcome einhergeht.
Antikoagulation bei alten Patienten
Authors: Burkhardt Heinrich 
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?
Indikationen und epidemiologische Aspekte: Das zerebrovaskuläre Risiko steigt mit zunehmendem Alter und über ⅓ der >65-jährigen Patienten ist von Gebrechlichkeit betroffen. Deshalb ist Antikoagulation zur Schlaganfallprophylaxe empfohlen und auch alte Patienten profitieren vom Einsatz neuer oraler Antikoagulanzien (NOAK). Durch diese Therapie wird, im Vergleich zu den Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VAK), die komplizierte individuelle Einstellung auf die Medikation vereinfacht.
Kontraindikationen und Risikosituationen: Gerinnungsstörungen, terminale Niereninsuffizienz oder die Dialysesituation stellen eine Kontraindikation dar. Das Risiko für Blutungsereignisse kann durch eine prophylaktische Komedikation mit einem Protonenpumpeninhibitor (PPI) minimiert werden.
Altersbedingte Veränderungen der Risiko-Nutzen-Bilanz: Sturzereignisse häufen sich im Alter und sollten bei allen alten Patienten mit Antikoagulation mithilfe von Assessment-Instrumenten getestet werden. Die Abnahme der glomerulären Filtrationsrate erfordert ein umsichtiges und nicht zu weitmaschiges Monitoring der Nierenfunkton. Adhärenzprobleme aufgrund von funktionellen Einschränkungen können mit einem frühzeitigen Übergang auf ein partielles oder vollständiges Fremdmanagement aufgefangen werden.
Konsequenzen für den klinischen Alltag: Alte Patienten mit einer Indikation für eine Therapie mit oralen Antikoagulantien sollten nach Möglichkeit mit NOAK behandelt werden. Das geriatrische Assessment bietet wertvolle Hinweise für eine individualisierte und optimierte Indikationsstellung und für das rechtzeitige Hinzuziehen ergänzender Maßnahmen (z.B. bei Adhärenzproblemen). Daher sollte es zum Standard des Therapiemonitorings bei dieser Therapieform gehören.
Addition of a Phosphinoboronate Ester to Borole and Borafluorene
Authors: Martin Caleb D. , Akram Manjur O. , Vogels Christopher M. , Santos Webster L. , Westcott Stephen A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe additions of the phosphinoboronate ester Ph2PBpin to an antiaromatic borole and a borafluorene is reported. The Lewis acid/base adducts are obtained in excellent yields and represent the first P-donor adducts of Ph2PBpin.
Progress on the Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Cycloalkylidenes
Authors: Xu Yun-He , Wang Zi-Lu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe discovery of new asymmetric synthetic methodologies and the asymmetric synthesis of new chiral compounds have been a major focus of synthetic organic chemists for decades. Axially chiral compounds have gained considerable attention in recent years because of their widespread utility in asymmetric catalysis and synthesis. Methods for the asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral cycloalkylidenes, a subset of axially chiral molecules, are far fewer compared to those developed for the preparation of chiral allenes and chiral biaryl compounds. In this review, different approaches for the synthesis of axially chiral cycloalkylidenes are summarized.1	Introduction2	Methods for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Cycloalkylidenes2.1	Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Cycloalkylidenes2.1.1	Asymmetric Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) Reactions2.1.2	Asymmetric Wittig Reactions2.1.3	Asymmetric Dehydrohalogenation Reactions2.1.4	Asymmetric Elimination Reactions of Chiral Sulfoxides/Selenoxides2.1.5	Kinetic Resolution of Prochiral Compounds2.1.6	Other Miscellaneous Methods2.2	Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Cycloalkylidenes3	Conclusion
Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasia in close proximity to esophageal varices: a multicenter international experience
Authors: Mony Shruti , Hu Bing , Joseph Abel , Aihara Hiroyuki , Ferri Lorenzo , Bhatt Amit , Mehta Amit , Ting Peng-Sheng , Chen Alex , Kalra Andrew , Farha Jad , Onimaru Manabu , He Long , Luo Qi , Wang Andrew Y. , Inoue Haruhiro , Ngamruengphong Saowanee 
Published: August 2023

Background There are limited data on the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal neoplasia (SEN) located at or adjacent to esophageal varices. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of ESD in these patients.
Methods This multicenter retrospective study included cirrhotic patients with a history of esophageal varices with SEN located at or adjacent to the esophageal varices who underwent ESD.
Results 23 patients with SEN (median lesion size 30 mm; 16 squamous cell neoplasia and seven Barrett’s esophagus-related neoplasia) were included. The majority were Child–Pugh B (57 %) and had small esophageal varices (87 %). En bloc, R0, and curative resections were achieved in 22 (96 %), 21 (91 %), and 19 (83 %) of patients, respectively. Severe intraprocedural bleeding (n = 1) and delayed bleeding (n = 1) were successfully treated endoscopically. No delayed perforation, hepatic decompensation, or deaths were observed. During a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 36 (22–55) months, one case of local recurrence occurred after noncurative resection.
Conclusion ESD is feasible and effective for SEN located at or adjacent to esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. Albeit, the majority of the esophageal varices in our study were small in size, when expertise is available, ESD should be considered as a viable option for such patients.
The epistemic quality of expert bodies: from normative-theoretical concept to empirical measurement
Authors: Holst Cathrine , Christensen Johan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ubiquity of experts in contemporary policy-making has been met with enthusiasm in some quarters, but has also faced severe criticism. Beyond the democratic concerns regarding expert power, critics have raised worries about whether experts actually contribute to increasing the epistemic quality of policies, in line with normative expectations. Yet, so far, limited attention has been paid to the specific conditions under which experts involved in policy-making are likely to live up to such expectations. The article outlines a set of such conditions and empirically examines their fulfillment in the case of a real-world expert body. The article contributes theoretically to normative political theory about the proper role of expertise in policy-making; methodologically by linking normative theorizing and empirical analysis; and empirically through a longitudinal analysis based on large-n data of the extent to which the expert body under scrutiny satisfies a set of quantifiable empirical indicators of the proposed conditions.
Enhancing non-profit engagement: the extended model of webpage engagement and adoption for strategic management
Authors: Carrillo-Durán María Victoria , Tato-Jiménez Juan Luis , Chapleo Chris , Sepulcri Lara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the study of Non-Profit Organization’s (NPOs’) webpages through the Strategic Online Communication Approach (SOCA) context to underpin public engagement. Although it can be argued that social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter have a significant role in interactive online engagement, it is often webpages that have the critical role in creating engagement in the initial (and arguably most important) stage of opening dialog. In the SOCA context NPOs’ webpages need to be strategically planned and aligned with the NPOs goals and targeted to various stakeholders such as the general public, volunteers and donors. In general terms, this research resulted in a sequential model called EMEA (Extended Model of Webpages Engagement and Adoption) with three levels (information, interaction, and action). The EMEA model shows the efficiency and maturity of the webpages, indicating the level of engagement that should be possible, to therefore improve relationships with the public and obtain better results. Results show that the more ‘ways to help’ an NPO presents on its webpage, the greater the level of potential engagement (as different options to collaborate, convey trustworthy information, and control content are evident). Finally, this research showed that the greater engagement achieved by NPOs, the better the likely results and therefore the effective application of EMEA can explain and even predict success for NPOs. This paper only addresses web pages, and therefore further research is needed to clarify the role of Social Networking Sites (SNS) for high interactivity. Secondly, although EMEA is able to explain and even predict the levels of engagement, it is not evident that it necessarily occurs. Finally, although EMEA is applied correctly, it does not guarantee that NPOs are managing communication in the context of SOCA, since a multi-channel online strategy is required.
Extreme weather impacts do not improve conflict predictions in Africa
Authors: Michelini Sidney , Šedová Barbora , Schewe Jacob , Frieler Katja 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuantitative climate and conflict research has thus far considered the role of biophysical extreme weather impacts in conflict dynamics only to a limited extent. We do not fully understand if and if so how, extreme weather impacts can improve conflict predictions. Addressing this gap, we use the Generalized Random Forest (GRF) algorithm to evaluate whether detailed information on extreme weather impacts improves conflict forecasts made with well known conflict predictors such as socio-economic, governance, and history of conflict indicators. We integrate data on biophysical extreme weather impacts such as droughts, floods, crop production shocks, and tropical cyclones from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project 2a (ISIMIP2a) project into predictive models of conflict in mainland Africa between 1994 and 2012. While we find that while extreme weather impacts alone predict violent conflicts modestly well, socio-economic and conflict history indicators remain the strongest individual predictors of conflicts. Finally, fully specified forecast models including conflict history, governance, and socio-economic variables are not improved by adding extreme weather impacts information. Some part of this can be explained by spatial correlations between extreme weather impacts and other socioeconomic and governance conditions. We conclude that extreme weather impacts do not contain any unique information for forecasting annual conflict incidence in Africa, which calls into question its usefulness for early warning.
Oxygen and moisture-induced healing of halide double perovskite surface defects
Authors: Bhawna  , Alam Aftab , Aslam M. 
Published: August 2023

In this work, we studied the impact of environmental constituents such as oxygen (O2) and moisture on halide double perovskite (HDP) films. The transport measurements indicate that an increment in O2 concentration enhances the resistivity of a Cs2AgBiBr6 film by two orders of magnitude. The adsorption of O2 on the film’s surface helps in passivation of defects (∼50% reduction in defect density on O2 exposure), which inhibits ion migration and results in an increased resistivity of the film. The process of adsorption and desorption of O2 on the film surface is found to be fully reversible. In contrast, the resistivity of double perovskite films decreases by an order of magnitude in the presence of moisture. This is attributed to the generation of free protons as a result of the dissociation of water molecules at the films’ surface, hence exhibiting an increase in current under external bias. The HDP films possess high resistivity (for T &lt; 100 °C) due to the desorption of physisorbed water layers from the surface, which gradually decreases with an increase in the operating temperature. This work demonstrates that O2 and moisture are a good combination for defect passivation in any HDPs, in general.
Regularization of electromagnetic field for self-force problem in de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Yaremko Yurij , Duviryak Askold 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The paper is concerned with the motion of a point electric charge in de Sitter spacetime. A point particle of mass m and charge q moving on a geodesic curve produces electromagnetic field that diverges at a particle’s position. The field is determined by the electromagnetic Green’s function by Higuchi and Lee (2008 Phys. Rev. D 78 084031). The self-force contains both divergent and finite terms, and the latter are responsible for the radiation reaction. Our derivation of an effective equations of motion is based on conservation laws corresponding to the group of isometry of de Sitter space. The Nöther quantities consist of particle’s individual characteristics and energy, momentum, and angular momentum carried by particle’s electromagnetic field. Following the Detweiler–Whiting concept that a charge’s motion should only be enforced by the regular component of its own field, we ignore the divergent terms in conservation laws. We assume that the divergencies are absorbed by particle’s individual characteristics within the renormalization procedure. Finite radiative terms together with kinematic particle’s characteristics constitute ten conserved quantities of closed particle plus field system. Their differential consequences yield the effective equations of motion of radiating charge in an external electromagnetic field and gravitation. Contributions to already renormalized particle’s four-momentum and its inertial mass originated from electromagnetic field and background gravity are also derived from ten balance equations.