bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive exercise and physical rehabilitation promote long‐term potentiation‐like plasticity expression in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Stampanoni Bassi Mario , Gilio Luana , Buttari Fabio , Dolcetti Ettore , Bruno Antonio , Galifi Giovanni , Azzolini Federica , Borrelli Angela , Mandolesi Georgia , Gentile Antonietta , De Vito Francesca , Musella Alessandra , Simonelli Ilaria , Centonze Diego , Iezzi Ennio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeLoss of long‐term potentiation (LTP) expression has been associated with a worse disease course in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RR‐MS) and represents a pathophysiological hallmark of progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS). Exercise and physical rehabilitation are the most prominent therapeutic approaches to promote synaptic plasticity. We aimed to explore whether physical exercise is able to improve the expression of LTP‐like plasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsIn 46 newly diagnosed RR‐MS patients, we explored the impact of preventive exercise on LTP‐like plasticity as assessed by intermittent theta‐burst stimulation. Patients were divided into sedentary or active, based on physical activity performed during the 6 months prior to diagnosis. Furthermore, in 18 patients with PMS, we evaluated the impact of an 8‐week inpatient neurorehabilitation program on clinical scores and LTP‐like plasticity explored using paired associative stimulation (PAS). Synaptic plasticity expression was compared in patients and healthy subjects.ResultsReduced LTP expression was found in RR‐MS patients compared with controls. Exercising RR‐MS patients showed a greater amount of LTP expression compared with sedentary patients. In PMS patients, LTP expression was reduced compared with controls and increased after 8 weeks of rehabilitation. In this group of patients, LTP magnitude at baseline predicted the improvement in hand dexterity.ConclusionsBoth preventive exercise and physical rehabilitation may enhance the expression of LTP‐like synaptic plasticity in MS, with potential beneficial effects on disability accumulation.
Chitooligosaccharide–gallic acid complexes suppress the denaturation of myofibrillar proteins in peeled shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during frozen storage
Authors: Huo Jiancong , Qi Xueer , Li Zhaoqi , Li Jiagen , Xu Min , Liu Zhiyu , Zhang Bin 
Published: September 2023

SummaryThe cryoprotective effects of chitooligosaccharide–gallic acid (COS–GA) complexes on peeled Pacific white shrimp were investigated and compared with single treatments of COS, GA and polyphosphate (PP) during 49 days of frozen storage at −5 °C. The data revealed a significant improvement in the antioxidant activity of COS through the conjugation of COS and GA. The soaking treatments of COS–GA and PP effectively maintained the water‐holding capacity and sensory properties of shrimp muscle compared with the water‐soaked shrimp (control). Furthermore, the COS–GA‐soaked shrimp samples exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the textural and chrominance deterioration of muscle tissues compared with the control samples. Chemical analyses demonstrated that the COS–GA treatment also preserved higher levels of myofibrillar protein content, total sulfhydryl content and Ca2+‐ATPase activity in the frozen shrimp samples. Histological observations indicated that the COS–GA soaking treatment effectively protected the integrity and stability of muscle tissues. Overall, COS–GA exhibited superior antioxidation and water‐retaining properties, stabilising the shrimp muscle during long‐term frozen storage.
The notion of informal learning within policies for the validation of nonformal and informal learning: A comparison between Austria and Italy
Authors: Assinger Philipp , Biasin Chiara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2012, European Union Member States committed to implement policies for the Validation of Nonformal and Informal Learning (VNFIL). In this article, we examine Austria and Italy and ask how VNFIL policies in these two countries relate to informal learning (IL) and how this can be interpreted from a workplace learning (WPL) perspective. The notion of IL in VNFIL is largely based on a psychological understanding of learning. We argue that a WPL perspective complements this understanding and serves to better understand learning at work. Based on assumptions concerning the influence of national education and training systems on VNFIL, a comparison is made along three categories: the preferred type of VNFIL, the notion of IL, and the references to workplaces. Despite preferences for summative types of VNFIL, Austria acknowledges a range of types, while Italy is still in the process of development and prefers the so‐called autonomous type. Findings suggest a minimalistic understanding of IL in Austria contrasting with Italy, in which IL is seen as firmly embedded within Lifelong Learning. The references to workplaces are weak in both countries. We finally address the role of employers as a delicate issue for VNFIL, when embedded in educational policies.
Use of whole genome sequencing to identify low‐frequency mutations in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients treated with remdesivir
Authors: Nirmalarajah Kuganya , Yim Winfield , Aftanas Patryk , Li Angel X. , Shigayeva Altynay , Yip Lily , Zhong Zoe , McGeer Allison J. , Maguire Finlay , Mubareka Samira , Kozak Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundRemdesivir (RDV) has been shown to reduce hospitalization and mortality in COVID‐19 patients. Resistance mutations caused by RDV are rare and have been predominantly reported in patients who are on prolonged therapy and immunocompromised. We investigate the effects of RDV treatment on intra‐host SARS‐CoV‐2 diversity and low‐frequency mutations in moderately ill hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and compare them to patients without RDV treatment.MethodsFrom March 2020 to April 2022, sequential collections of nasopharyngeal and mid‐turbinate swabs were obtained from 14 patients with and 30 patients without RDV treatment. Demographic and clinical data on all patients were reviewed. A total of 109 samples were sequenced and mutation analyses were performed.ResultsPreviously reported drug resistant mutations in nsp12 were not identified during short courses of RDV therapy. In genes encoding and surrounding the replication complex (nsp6‐nsp14), low‐frequency minority variants were detected in 7/14 (50%) and 18/30 (60%) patients with and without RDV treatment, respectively. We did not detect significant differences in within‐host diversity and positive selection between the RDV‐treated and untreated groups.ConclusionsMinimal intra‐host variability and stochastic low‐frequency variants detected in moderately ill patients suggests little selective pressure in patients receiving short courses of RDV. The barrier to RDV resistance is high in patients with moderate disease. Patients undergoing short regimens of RDV therapy should continue to be monitored.
On the oxygen vacancy annealing in air plasma sprayed yttria‐stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Hastak Vikram , Gildersleeve Edward Jonas , Batna Srikanth , Gandhi Ashutosh Suresh , Sampath Sanjay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractYttria‐stabilized zirconia (t’‐YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were deposited by air plasma spraying (APS) using commercial purity and high‐purity feedstock powders. The coatings were subjected to short‐term, low‐temperature annealing (500–1200°C for 30 min). Significant structural changes were observed by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. These changes were attributed to annihilation of excess oxygen vacancies created by the process. APS induces partial reduction of YSZ due to the reducing potential of the high‐temperature and hydrogen‐rich plasma environment. Laser flash thermal conductivity, impulse excitation elastic modulus, and dilatometric measurements show significant changes in the YSZ during the short‐term low‐temperature thermal exposure, concurrent to the vacancy annealing. The results were analyzed in terms of the coating chemistry and the processing environment. High‐purity coatings exhibited larger increment in thermal conductivity and elastic modulus than commercial purity coatings.
Identification of immune‐associated signatures and potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: He Xu , Fang Jiansong , Gong Mingli , Zhang Juqi , Xie Ran , Zhao Dai , Gu Yanlun , Ma Lingyue , Pang Xiaocong , Cui Yimin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases with diverse aetiologies. It is characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular (RV) failure without specific drugs for treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation and autoimmune disorders are common features across all PAH phenotypes. This provides a novel idea to explore the characteristics of immunological disorders in PAH and identify immune‐related genes or biomarkers for specific anti‐remodelling regimens. In this study, we integrated three gene expression profiles and performed Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis. CIBERSORT was utilized to estimate the abundance of tissue‐infiltrating immune cells in PAH. The PPI network and machine learning were constructed to identify immune‐related hub genes and then evaluate the relationship between hub genes and differential immune cells using ImmucellAI. Additionally, we implemented molecular docking to screen potential small‐molecule compounds based on the obtained genes. Our findings demonstrated the density and distribution of infiltrating CD4 T cells in PAH and identified four immune‐related genes (ROCK2, ATHL1, HSP90AA1 and ACTR2) as potential targets. We also listed 20 promising molecules, including TDI01953, pemetrexed acid and radotinib, for PAH treatment. These results provide a promising avenue for further research into immunological disorders in PAH and potential novel therapeutic targets.
Artificial intelligence in innovation management: A review of innovation capabilities and a taxonomy of AI applications
Authors: Gama Fábio , Magistretti Stefano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) is a promising generation of digital technologies. Recent applications and research suggest that AI can not only influence but also accelerate innovation in organizations. However, as the field is rapidly growing, a common understanding of the underlying theoretical capabilities has become increasingly vague and fraught with ambiguity. In view of the centrality of innovation capabilities in making innovation happen, we bring together these scattered perspectives in a systematic and multidisciplinary literature review. The aim of this literature review is to summarize the role of AI in influencing innovation capabilities and provide a taxonomy of AI applications based on empirical studies. Drawing on the technological–organizational–environmental (TOE) framework, our review condenses the research findings of 62 studies. The results of our study are twofold. First, we identify a dichotomous view of innovation capabilities triggered by AI adoption: enabling and enhancing. The enabling capabilities are those that research identifies as enablers of AI adoption, underscoring the competencies and routines needed to implement AI. The enhancing capabilities denote the role that AI adoption has in transforming or creating innovation capabilities in organizations. Second, we propose a taxonomy of AI applications that reflects the practical adoption of AI in relation to three underlying reasons: replace, reinforce, and reveal. Our study makes three main contributions. First, we identify the innovation capabilities that are either required for or generated by AI adoption. Second, we propose a taxonomy of AI applications. Third, we use the TOE framework to track trends in the theoretical contributions of recent articles and propose a research agenda.
The clinical relevance of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure in medical procedures: Endoscopy, interventions and surgery
Authors: Praktiknjo Michael , Shawcross Debbie , Laleman Wim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a specific, but complex and multifactorial form of acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis and is characterized by an extraordinary dynamic natural course, rapidly evolving organ failure and high short‐term mortality. In daily clinical practice, patients with liver cirrhosis and decompensation have indications for different medical procedures such as endoscopies, interventional treatments like transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) or even surgical procedures. In these situations, clinicians often need to balance the expected benefits of such procedures with the risks of causing acute decompensation or ACLF. This review summarizes the evidence of medical procedures and their role in precipitating or preventing ACLF and highlights the aspects to consider during patient selection.
Understanding the dynamics emerging from the interplay among poor mental wellbeing, energy balance‐related behaviors, and obesity prevalence in adolescents: A simulation‐based study
Authors: Aguiar Anaely , Önal Furkan , Hendricks Gaironeesa , Blanchard Laurence , Romanenko Eduard , Fismen Anne‐Siri , Nwosu Emmanuel , Herstad Sondre , Savona Natalie , Harbron Janetta , Knai Cécile , Samdal Oddrun , Rutter Harry , Lien Nanna , Jalali Mohammad S. , Kopainsky Birgit 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBoth obesity and poor mental wellbeing have a high prevalence in European youth. Adolescents in six countries identified mental wellbeing factors as main drivers of youth obesity through systems mapping. This study sought to (1) explore the dynamics of the interplay between poor mental wellbeing, energy balance‐related behaviors, and adolescent overweight and obesity prevalence and (2) test the effect of intervention point scenarios to reduce adolescent obesity. Drawing on the youth‐generated systems maps and a literature synthesis, we built a simulation model that represents the links from major feedback pathways for poor mental wellbeing to changes in dietary, physical activity, and sleep behaviors. The model was calibrated using survey data from Norway, expert input, and literature and shows a good fit between simulated behavior and available statistical data. The simulations indicate that adolescent mental wellbeing is harmed by socio‐cultural pressures and stressors, which trigger reinforcing feedback mechanisms related to emotional/binge eating, lack of motivation to engage in physical activity, and sleep difficulty. Targeting a combination of intervention points that support a 25% reduction of pressure on body image and psychosocial stress showed potentially favorable effects on mental wellbeing—doubling on average for boys and girls and decreasing obesity prevalence by over 4%.
Longitudinal relationship between adolescents' mental health, energy balance‐related behavior, and anthropometric changes
Authors: Nwosu Emmanuel , Makwambeni Patricia , Herstad Sondre Haugsbø , Etsebeth Hanli , Hendricks Gaironeesa , Aguiar Anaely , Alaba Olufunke , Blanchard Laurence , Fismen Anne‐Siri , Lien Nanna , Harbron Janetta 
Published: September 2023

SummaryEnergy balance‐related behaviors (EBRBs) are considered the immediate causes of adolescents' body weight increases, but adolescents have identified mental health as a contributor. Cross‐sectional studies have reported associations between adolescents' mental health and obesity, but causal relationships and the role of EBRBs within this can only be established using longitudinal studies. This systematic review summarizes the findings of longitudinal studies investigating this relationship, in addition to the role of EBRB in the relationship. Multiple electronic databases were searched for longitudinal studies using keywords related to the adolescent population, mental health, EBRB, and body weight. In total, 1216 references were identified and screened based on previously defined eligibility criteria. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Most studies indicated that mental health‐related measures like depression, anxiety, and body dissatisfaction were related to an increase in body weight later. As this review is focused on behavioral mediators, six studies reported associations between mental health—anthropometry dyad and EBRBs such as eating habits, screen time, physical activity, and sleep—as well as stressors like peer victimization. Future studies may focus on streamlining mental health measures and body weight outcomes to assess this relationship. Furthermore, more longitudinal investigations are needed to provide insight into the role of EBRBs in the mental health–body weight relationship during adolescence.
Comparing the Effect of Spinal and General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery in Older Patients: A Meta‐analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Lin Hua , Zhu Ying , Ren Cheng , Ma Teng , Li Ming , Li Zhong , Xu Yibo , Wang Qian , Hu Jing , Zhang Kun 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveHip fractures are the most common fractures among older adults, with most patients undergoing surgery. The debate regarding the type of anesthetic technique for hip fracture surgery is still ongoing. This meta‐analysis aimed to compare the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of spinal and general anesthesia in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.MethodsEligible studies that compared the effects of spinal and general anesthesia were systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until May 27, 2022. The intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of the two anesthesia techniques were compared. Quality assessment, heterogeneity analysis, and publication bias of the studies were also assessed.ResultsNine articles of methodological quality were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled results revealed that there were significant differences in hypotension (risk ratio [RR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.81 (0.68, 0.97), p = 0.02) and ephedrine dose (weighted mean difference [WMD] [95%CI] = −20.94 [−37.50, −4.37] mg, p = 0.01) between the spinal and general anesthesia groups. However, no significant differences were observed in the use of ephedrine (RR [95% CI] = 0.77 [0.19, 3.05]), blood loss (WMD [95%CI] = −34.38 [−89.56, 20.80) mL], myocardial infarction (RR [95% CI] = 0.78 [0.31, 1.94] mL), heart failure (RR [95% CI] = 0.87 [0.17, 4.36] mL), stroke (RR [95%CI) = 0.65 [0.22, 1.95] mL), postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR [95% CI] = 0.88 [0.17, 4.35] mL), delirium (RR [95% CI] = 1.08 [0.89, 1.31] mL), and mortality (RR [95% CI] = 1.10 [0.72, 1.68] mL) (all p < 0.05). No publication bias was observed in any of the included studies.ConclusionCompared to general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia was associated with a lower risk of intraoperative hypotension and lower doses of ephedrine in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.
High‐resolution optical remote sensing image change detection based on dense connection and attention feature fusion network
Authors: Peng Daifeng , Zhai Chenchen , Zhang Yongjun , Guan Haiyan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe detection of ground object changes from bi‐temporal images is of great significance for urban planning, land‐use/land‐cover monitoring and natural disaster assessment. To solve the limitation of incomplete change detection (CD) entities and inaccurate edges caused by the loss of detailed information, this paper proposes a network based on dense connections and attention feature fusion, namely Siamese NestedUNet with Attention Feature Fusion (SNAFF). First, multi‐level bi‐temporal features are extracted through a Siamese network. The dense connections between the sub‐nodes of the decoder are used to compensate for the missing location information as well as weakening the semantic differences between features. Then, the attention mechanism is introduced to combine global and local information to achieve feature fusion. Finally, a deep supervision strategy is used to suppress the problem of gradient vanishing and slow convergence speed. During the testing phase, the test time augmentation (TTA) strategy is adopted to further improve the CD performance. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, two datasets with different change types are used. The experimental results indicate that, compared with the comparison methods, the proposed SNAFF achieves the best quantitative results on both datasets, in which F1, IoU and OA in the LEVIR‐CD dataset are 91.47%, 84.28% and 99.13%, respectively, and the values in the CDD dataset are 96.91%, 94.01% and 99.27%, respectively. In addition, the qualitative results show that SNAFF can effectively retain the global and edge information of the detected entity, thus achieving the best visual performance.
Efficacy of biomaterials for lateral bone augmentation performed with guided bone regeneration. A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Calciolari Elena , Corbella Stefano , Gkranias Nikolaos , Viganó Marco , Sculean Anton , Donos Nikolaos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBone regeneration is often required concomitant with implant placement to treat a bone fenestration, a dehiscence, and for contouring. This systematic review assessed the impact of different biomaterials employed for guided bone regeneration (GBR) simultaneous to implant placement on the stability of radiographic peri‐implant bone levels at ≥12 months of follow‐up (focused question 1), as well as on bone defect dimension (width/height) changes at re‐assessment after ≥4 months (focused question 2). Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) that compared different biomaterials for GBR were considered. A Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NMA) was performed using a random‐effects model. A ranking probability between treatments was obtained, as well as an estimation of the surface under the cumulative ranking value (SUCRA). Overall, whenever the biological principle of GBR was followed, regeneration occurred in a predictable way, irrespective of the type of biomaterial used. A lower efficacy of GBR treatments was suggested for initially large defects, despite the trend did not reach statistical significance. Regardless of the biomaterial employed, a certain resorption of the augmented bone was observed overtime. While GBR was shown to be a safe and predictable treatment, several complications (including exposure, infection, and soft tissue dehiscence) were reported, which tend to be higher when using cross‐linked collagen membranes.
Does education in special care dentistry increase people's confidence to manage the care of a more diverse population?
Authors: O'Rourke Sadhbh , Dougall Alison , O'Sullivan Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEducation in Special Care Dentistry (SCD) at undergraduate and postgraduate levels is often limited when compared with other dental specialities, even though dental professionals encounter people with Special Healthcare Needs (SHCNs) on a very regular basis. This literature review examined whether education at undergraduate and postgraduate level increases dental students’ and professionals’ confidence in managing a patient with SHCN. It also appraised whether there was a correlation between increased practitioner confidence and increased quality of care for people with SHCN. This review also examined educational efforts worldwide, and whether there is an increased emphasis on providing education in SCD to dental students. It was found that those who received high‐quality practical and theoretical education on how to properly manage patients with SHCN reported having higher levels of confidence than those who did not. People also reported being far more likely to employ the proper behavior management techniques and were more likely to treat people with SHCN regularly. There has been an increased emphasis on providing education in SCD worldwide in recent years, but a number of barriers still exist to providing complete education in the area.