bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A field experiment on the effects of weekly planning behaviour on work engagement, unfinished tasks, rumination, and cognitive flexibility
Authors: Uhlig Lars , Baumgartner Vera , Prem Roman , Siestrup Katja , Korunka Christian , Kubicek Bettina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study concerns research on self‐regulation. It examines the effects of planning behaviour, a comprehensive self‐regulatory strategy of goal setting, planning work steps, and developing alternative plans. Combining different strategies, rather than testing them in isolation, would strengthen their effects and make them more appropriate for complex work tasks. Drawing on self‐regulation theory, we propose that planning behaviour positively affects work engagement, unfinished tasks, rumination, and cognitive flexibility. Considering cognitive flexibility as an outcome provides insight into the cognitive benefits of planning behaviour. We examine person‐level cognitive demands of flexible work and predictability as moderator variables to better understand the role of contextual variables in the use of self‐regulatory strategies at work. We conducted a field experiment (N = 208 individuals; 947 weekly entries) in which we manipulated employees' weekly planning behaviour in their daily work lives. We found negative effects on unfinished tasks and weekly rumination, and positive effects on weekly cognitive flexibility. No significant moderating effects were found. Our study suggests that a brief planning manipulation at the beginning of the week may have multiple benefits and may be an important tool for improving cognitive flexibility. Future research should examine the role of time and mediating variables.
Multidisciplinary Topology Optimization Using Generative Adversarial Networks for Physics-Based Design Enhancement
Authors: Parrott Corey M. , Abueidda Diab W. , James Kai A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe computational cost of traditional gradient-based topology optimization is amplified for multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problems, most notably when coupling between physics disciplines is accounted for. To alleviate this, we investigate new methods and applications of generative adversarial networks (GANs) as a surrogate for MDO. Accepting physical fields from each physics discipline as input, the trained network produces an optimal design that closely resembles that of the iterative gradient-based approach. With this model as a baseline, we introduce a novel architecture that performs physics-based design enhancement of optimal single-physics designs to produce multiphysics designs. By providing the network with boundary conditions from a secondary physics discipline, we obtain multiphysics structures while avoiding the need for costly coupled multiphysics analysis, thereby generating significant savings in computational effort. We demonstrate our approach by designing a series of structures optimized for both thermal and elastic performance. With the physics-based design enhancement GAN, we obtain thermoelastic structures that outperform those produced by the baseline multiphysics GAN architecture.
Incorporation of Novel Graphene Nanosheet Materials as Cathode Catalysts in Li–O2 Battery
Authors: Hassan Zaidi Syed Shoaib , Sigdel Shusil , Sorensen Christopher M. , Kwon Gibum , Li Xianglin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study reports the superior performance of graphene nanosheet (GNS) materials over Vulcan XC incorporated as a cathode catalyst in Li–O2 battery. The GNSs employed were synthesized from a novel, eco-friendly, and cost-effective technique involving chamber detonation of oxygen (O2) and acetylene (C2H2) precursors. Two GNS catalysts i.e., GNS-1 and GNS-2 fabricated with 0.3 and 0.5 O2/C2H2 precursor molar ratios, respectively, were utilized in this study. Specific surface area (SSA) analysis revealed significantly higher SSA and total pore volume for GNS-1 (180 m2 g−1, 0.505 cm3 g−1) as compared with GNS-2 (19 m2 g−1, 0.041 cm3 g−1). GNS-1 exhibited the highest discharge capacity (4.37 Ah g-1) and superior cycling stability compared with GNS-2 and Vulcan XC. Moreover, GNS-1 demonstrated promising performance at higher current densities (0.2 and 0.3 mA cm−2) and with various organic electrolytes. The superior performance of GNS-1 can be ascribed to its higher mesopore volume, SSA, and optimum wettability compared to its counterparts.
Prescribing diabetes nutrition therapy: a qualitative study of dietitians’ experiences of carbohydrate restriction in Canada
Authors: Viljoen Ashley , Yu Katharine , Witchell Eliana , Conklin Annalijn I 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundDiabetes care has traditionally not included nutrition therapy using carbohydrate restriction, nor has carbohydrate restriction been taught to registered dietitians (RDs) to support patients living with diabetes choosing this dietary approach. We aimed to describe the experiences and views of RDs caring for patients using therapeutic carbohydrate-restricted diets (TCR), particularly metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.Subjects/MethodsA qualitative study design using free-text responses from an online needs assessment survey was employed. RDs who practised in Canada were invited (n=6640) and 274 completed the survey, with 45 respondents who regularly prescribed TCR to their patients providing open-text responses (2987 words), which were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified four themes characterising Canadian RDs’ experiences around prescribing TCR: interpersonal context, personal experience/knowledge, regulatory environment and patient-centredness. While these themes often interacted, each impacted TCR prescription uniquely, with patient-centred care at the core of reported experiences of prescribing.ConclusionsThere exists a variety of experiences and perspectives related to prescribing of TCR among Canadian RDs caring for patients with diabetes, and all focus on the patient’s needs, benefits and preferences. Prescribing TCR was often informed by the scientific literature yet also by RDs’ experiential knowledge. Responses highlighted a desire for evidence-based educational materials and greater discussion within the diabetes nutrition community on this topic.
Scoping review of employment resources for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and justice involvement
Authors: Nankoo Marie M A , Panton Kirsten R , Fitzpatrick James P , Pestell Carmela F 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesIndividuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are over-represented within the justice system and have significant employment challenges. The primary aim of this scoping review was to ascertain available employment resources for FASD individuals particularly those involved in the justice system. Secondary aims were to determine available evidence-based interventions for the justice workforce and employment providers.MethodsEligibility criteria: That the resource was (a) published between 1990 and 2021, (b) in English, (c) available electronically in full text, (d) focused on strategies for improving employment outcomes of individuals with FASD and (f) developed for those aged over 15.Sources of evidence:Electronic searches of the following databases were conducted: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Grey literature was collected via the databases ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, OpenGrey, GreyNet International and Grey Matters.Charting methods:Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines, a five-stage methodological framework was employed. A quality appraisal of identified resources was conducted. Data were summarised qualitatively using a content analysis method that allowed for analysis of specific terms/themes/concepts/resource elements that resources covered, as well as a quantitative analysis of their frequency.ResultsAn initial search identified 850 articles, 512 of which were obtained through online database searches, 321 through Google Scholar searches and 17 through google searches. Sixteen resources were identified as meeting inclusion criteria, including four peer-reviewed papers and 12 grey literature resources. Six of the resources extracted were deemed ‘good’ or ‘strong’ quality, with the remainder—all grey literature resources—being ‘adequate’ or ‘limited’. None of the resources identified were empirically evaluated or could be implemented synergistically. Content analysis revealed common themes addressing FASD-related employment challenges and required supports.ConclusionsThis review highlights the need for developing evidence-based employment-related resources for justice-involved people with FASD. Most of the 16 identified resources had a psychoeducational and advocacy component and described typical employment challenges with specific supports and accommodations to maximise workforce participation. However, none had been empirically evaluated, underscoring the importance of future research in this area to better inform more responsive and evidence-based employment-related programmes.Trial registration numberdoi:10.17605/OSF.IO/J5VMB.
Inhibition of myeloperoxidase enhances immune checkpoint therapy for melanoma
Authors: Liu Tracy W , Gammon Seth T , Yang Ping , Ma Wencai , Wang Jing , Piwnica-Worms David 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe presence of a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has limited the success of immune checkpoint therapy (ICT). Immune suppressing myeloid cells with increased production of reactive oxygen species are critical drivers of this immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Strategies to limit these immune suppressing myeloid cells are needed to enhance response to ICT.MethodsTo evaluate the contribution of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a myeloid lineage-restricted enzyme and a major source of reactive oxygen species, to mediating ICT response, we compared treatment outcome and immune composition in wild-type, MPO-deficient (MPO−/−), and MPO inhibitor-treated wild-type mice using established primary melanoma models.ResultsTumor growth and survival studies demonstrated that either host deficiency (MPO−/−) or pharmacological inhibition of MPO enhanced ICT response in two preclinical models of established primary melanoma in aged animals. The tumor microenvironment and systemic immune landscape underwent striking changes in infiltration of myeloid cells, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells inMPO−/−mice; furthermore, a significant increase in myeloid cells was observed in ICT non-responders. The contribution of CD4+T cells and NK cells during ICT response also changed inMPO−/−mice. Interestingly, MPO enzymatic activity, but not protein, was increased in CD11b+Ly6G+myeloid cells isolated from marrow, spleen, and peritoneal cavities of mice bearing untreated melanoma, indicating systemic activation of innate immunity. Notably, repurposing MPO-specific inhibitors (verdiperstat, AZD5904) in combination with ICT pointedly enhanced response rates above ICT alone. Indeed, long-term survival was 100% in the YUMM3.3 melanoma model on treatment with verdiperstat plus ICT.ConclusionMPO contributes to ICT resistance in established melanoma. Repurposing MPO-specific inhibitors may provide a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance ICT response.
Quantum dynamics corresponding to the chaotic BKL scenario
Authors: Góźdź Andrzej , Pȩdrak Aleksandra , Piechocki Włodzimierz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe quantize the solution to the Belinski– Khalatnikov–Lifshitz (BKL) scenario using the integral quantization method. Quantization smears the gravitational singularity, preventing its localization in the configuration space. The latter is defined in terms of spatial and temporal coordinates, which are treated on the same footing that enables the respective covariance of general relativity. The relative quantum perturbations grow as the system evolves towards the gravitational singularity. The quantum randomness amplifies the deterministic classical chaos of the BKL scenario. Additionally, our results suggest that the generic singularity of general relativity can be avoided at a quantum level, giving support to the expectation that quantum gravity has a good chance of being a regular theory.
Encounters in star clusters and survival probabilities for planets
Authors: Maraboli Enrico , Mantegazza Fabio , Lodato Giuseppe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe stability of young planetary systems is strongly influenced by multiple factors, both internal and external. In this paper, we investigate the link between the environment in which young stars form and the possibility of having stable planetary systems around them. We analyze the robustness of such systems after an encounter with another star within the same stellar cluster. We employ a model for the star cluster to extract the encounter properties, such as the mass of the perturber star and its velocity. We perform numerical simulations on systems with a single planet perturbed by an external star, in order to calculate the emission probabilities of the planet. We also calculate analytically the stellar encounter rates in the cluster. We find that such probabilities are strongly dependent on the thermal velocity of the cluster. We also notice that these probabilities are generally quite small, below 3% for the systems tested by us.
Knowledge Graph-Based Integration of Autonomous Driving Datasets
Authors: Halilaj Lavdim , Luettin Juergen , Monka Sebastian , Henson Cory , Schmid Stefan 
Published: February 2023

Autonomous Driving (AD) datasets, when used in combination with deep learning techniques, have enabled significant progress on difficult AD tasks such as perception, trajectory prediction, and motion planning. These datasets represent the content of driving scenes as captured by various sensors, including cameras, RADAR, and LiDAR, along with 2D/3D annotations of traffic participants. Such datasets, however, often fail to capture and to represent the spatial, temporal, and semantic relations between entities in a scene. This lack of knowledge leads to a shallow understanding of the true complexity and dynamics inherent in a driving scene. In this paper, we argue that a Knowledge Graph (KG)-based representation of driving scenes, that provides a richer structure and semantics, will lead to further improvements in AD. Towards this goal, we developed a layered architecture and ontologies for specific AD datasets and a fundamental ontology of shared concepts. We also built KGs for three different AD datasets. We perform an analysis with respect to information contained in the AD KGs and outline how the additional semantic information contained in the KGs could improve the performance of different AD tasks. Moreover, example queries are provided to retrieve relevant information that can be exploited for augmenting the AD pipelines. All artifacts needed for reproducibility purposes are provided via a GitHub repository. ( https://github.com/boschresearch/dskg-constructor — Note that we removed our internal namespaces of reused ontologies, because of confidentiality and to provide self-contained ontologies. As the original datasets are under specific licences, the KGs are not published, but we provide the scripts to generate them.)
Systemic Hypoxemia Induces Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy and Right Ventricular Specific Induction of Proliferation
Authors: Johnson Jaslyn , Yang Yijun , Bian Zilin , Schena Giana , Li Yijia , Zhang Xiaoying , Eaton Deborah M. , Gross Polina , Angheloiu Alexandra , Shaik Arshadullah , Foster Michael , Berretta Remus , Kubo Hajime , Mohsin Sadia , Tian Ying , Houser Steven R. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
A recent study suggests that systemic hypoxemia in adult male mice can induce cardiac myocytes to proliferate. The goal of the present experiments was to confirm these results, provide new insights on the mechanisms that induce adult cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry, and to determine if hypoxemia also induces cardiomyocyte proliferation in female mice.

Methods:
EdU-containing mini pumps were implanted in 3-month-old, male and female C57BL/6 mice. Mice were placed in a hypoxia chamber, and the oxygen was lowered by 1% every day for 14 days to reach 7% oxygen. The animals remained in 7% oxygen for 2 weeks before terminal studies. Myocyte proliferation was also studied with a mosaic analysis with double markers mouse model.

Results:
Hypoxia induced cardiac hypertrophy in both left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) myocytes, with LV myocytes lengthening and RV myocytes widening and lengthening. Hypoxia induced an increase (0.01±0.01% in normoxia to 0.11±0.09% in hypoxia) in the number of EdU+ RV cardiomyocytes, with no effect on LV myocytes in male C57BL/6 mice. Similar results were observed in female mice. Furthermore, in mosaic analysis with double markers mice, hypoxia induced a significant increase in RV myocyte proliferation (0.03±0.03% in normoxia to 0.32±0.15% in hypoxia of RFP+ myocytes), with no significant change in LV myocyte proliferation. RNA sequencing showed upregulation of mitotic cell cycle genes and a downregulation of Cullin genes, which promote the G1 to S phase transition in hypoxic mice. There was significant proliferation of nonmyocytes and mild cardiac fibrosis in hypoxic mice that did not disrupt cardiac function. Male and female mice exhibited similar gene expression following hypoxia.

Conclusions:
Systemic hypoxia induces a global hypertrophic stress response that was associated with increased RV proliferation, and while LV myocytes did not show increased proliferation, our results minimally confirm previous reports that hypoxia can induce cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity in vivo.
Underlying Microphysical Processes in the Melting Layer during Moderate Precipitation: Evidence from Ground-Based Data
Authors: Fujiyoshi Yasushi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We performed a detailed analysis of ground-based data to investigate changes in the morphological properties and particle size distribution of precipitation particles as they fall through the melting layer (ML). In July 2013, we started continuous precipitation monitoring in Sapporo (Japan) with a two-dimensional video disdrometer, an electrical balance–type snow gauge, and an X-band marine radar. We used data collected from 0943 to 1040 Japan standard time (JST) 10 March 2015 for analysis, when the bright band progressively descended to the ground surface and precipitation intensity was moderate and approximately steady (∼10 mm h−1). We found that the aggregation of aggregates in the upper half of the ML did not necessarily result in large raindrops. Almost all of the snow particles with a melted diameter (Dm) ≥ 4 mm broke up before they melted into raindrops of equivalent size. The apparent one-to-one relationship between melting snow particles and raindrops held for particles with 2 < Dm < 3 mm. Most small raindrops were generated by the successive breakup of melting particles in the lower half of the ML.
The Effect of BMI on eFAST Accuracy in Trauma by Residents in the Emergency Room
Authors: Armstrong Landon R. , Rutherford Noah R. , Heidel Robert E. , Smith Lou M. , Butts Christine 
Published: February 2023

Blunt trauma patients are often evaluated with extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (eFAST). eFAST is a noninvasive, rapid, ultrasound-guided assessment for hemoperitoneum, pericardial effusion, and hemopneumothorax. Specificity and sensitivity are as high as 95% and 74%, respectively. Research suggests obesity confers increased morbidity and mortality and is an independent risk factor for trauma death. A previous study demonstrated that a BMI change from 36 to 40 changed the odds ratio for inaccurate eFAST from 1.85 to 3.12. Our current prospective data collection is 202 consecutive blunt trauma patients from 5/13/22 to 8/18/22 receiving an eFAST and a CT/OR for comparison. Odds ratio of inaccurate eFAST increased by 5.65% for each increase of 1 kg/m3 of BMI (95% Cl 0.1%-10.8%). This research also investigated surgical resident eFAST accuracy to improve patient outcomes through the implementation of individualized training in normal and obese models.
Study of the Impact of Air Pollution on Convulsions in Children: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study in Hangzhou, China
Authors: Yang Lin , Sun LiXia , Chu Wei , Zhu YaFei , Wu GuangSheng 
Published: February 2023

Background: To investigate the relationship between the occurrence of convulsions in children and air pollution in Hangzhou. Methods: From January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020, 775 children admitted with convulsion to the pediatric outpatient clinic of The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University (Hangzhou, China) were enrolled in this study. The clinical data and the corresponding weather data of the day in Hangzhou were collected and analyzed. Also, the monthly etiological classification of convulsions and the monthly average air data of Hangzhou were statistically analyzed. Results: The highest incidence of convulsion was observed in children 1 to 2 years old, and higher in boys than in girls. The top three main causes were febrile seizure, benign infantile convulsion with mild gastroenteritis, and epilepsy. Among the meteorological factors, the increase in the level of 2.5 micron particulate matter (PM 2.5) in the air per month led to an increase in the number of patients with febrile seizure, benign infantile convulsion with mild gastroenteritis, and epilepsy, where the increase of ozone in 8 hours (O3-8h) per month led to a decrease in the number of patients with such conditions. Conclusions: PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 are the main meteorological factors affecting the occurrence of convulsions in children in Hangzhou, and PM2.5 and SO2 are risk factors. The increase in the level of PM2.5 in the air per month could increase occurrence of child convulsions, but the increase of O3-8h per month could decrease occurrence of child convulsions.
Screening and Counseling Practices for Parental Combustible Versus Electronic Cigarette Use in Pediatric Primary Care: A Pilot Study
Authors: Heinly Allison , Baird Janette , Riese Alison 
Published: February 2023

Objective: Tobacco exposure plays an important role in children’s health. Little is known about pediatrician’s experience with parental e-cigarette use. This pilot study aimed to assess pediatrician’s knowledge, attitude, and behaviors regarding parental e-cigarette use. Methods: This cross-sectional survey at an academic clinic assessed residents’ and attendings’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding parental combustible and e-cigarette use and counseling and cessation barriers. Results: Sixty of 69 care providers completed the survey. Participants reported asking about parental use (5% vs 58%, Δ = 53% [95% CI Δ = 40%-67%]), advising about harms (5% vs 52%, Δ = 47% [95% CI Δ = 33%-61%]), and assisting with quitting (2% vs 28%, Δ = 27% [95% CI Δ = 15%-39%]) significantly less for e-cigarettes than for combustible cigarettes. The most common barrier to discussing use was lack of time. Lack of knowledge, unsure of harm, and lack of training were reported significantly more for e-cigarettes than for combustible cigarettes. Conclusion: Parental screening and counseling rates are significantly lower for e-cigarettes than for combustible cigarettes in this pilot study. Increased training could help pediatricians better protect children from tobacco exposure.