bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obtaining highly homogeneous Nb3Al superconductor with improved critical current density by understanding the phase evolution sequence of mono-core and multifilamentary wires
Authors: Yu Zhou , Sun Xiaguang , Zhang Yuyao , Tang Xuan , Gu Xiaojiao , Liu Lian , Wang Wentao , Zhao Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mono-core and multifilamentary (MF) Nb–Al precursor wires were obtained by a rapid heating, quenching and transformation (RHQT) process to investigate the phase evolution sequence, in order to find a way to fabricate highly homogeneous Nb3Al superconductor. The microstructure and composition distribution of the Nb3Al superconductor is the same as that of quenched wires. Phase evolution (1) in mono-core wire is as follows: Nb + Al→ eutectic phase +Nb2Al + Nb3Al→ grid-shape Nb(Al)ss→ band-like Nb(Al)ss, where nonuniform microstructure is formed in the transformed Nb3Al because the Nb layer is too thick; (2) in MF wire is as follows: Nb + Al→ Nb2Al + Nb3Al→solid Nb(Al)ss→ two-phase-segregation→ liquid Nb(Al)ss, where much thinner Nb layers completely react to Nb3Al and Nb2Al, but the Al content of Nb3Al phase is still inhomogeneous. Restricted by the precursor wire fabrication ability, further decreasing the Nb layer thickness fails to improve the homogeneity of Nb3Al phase. Therefore, the author’s route of afresh heating of the quenched Nb2Al + Nb3Al wire was carried out to increase the atomic diffusion coefficient due to the non-equilibrium crystal defects present in the quenched wires. As a result, a highly composition homogeneous Nb3Al phase was realized in the whole superconducting filament with a scale of about ∼100 μm. The magnetic critical current density (J
c) of the afresh heated Nb3Al superconductor reached 2066 A mm−2@12 T, 4.2 K, showing an improvement of about 60% compared to the best J
c result for the MF RHQT Nb3Al wire.
Macroproperties vs. microstates in the classical simulation of critical phenomena in quench dynamics of 1D Ising models
Authors: Mitra Anupam , Albash Tameem , Blocher Philip Daniel , Takahashi Jun , Miyake Akimasa , Biedermann Grant , Deutsch Ivan H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the tractability of classically simulating critical phenomena in the quench dynamics of one-dimensional transverse field Ising models (TFIMs) using highly truncated matrix product states (MPSs). We focus on two paradigmatic examples: a dynamical quantum phase transition (DQPT) that occurs in nonintegrable long-range TFIMs, and the infinite-time correlation length of the integrable nearest-neighbor TFIM when quenched to the critical point, where the quantities of interest involve equal time one- and two- point correlation functions, which we associate with macroproperties. For the DQPT, we show that the order parameters can be efficiently simulated with heavy truncation of the MPS bond dimension. This can be used to reliably extract critical properties of the phase transition, including critical exponents, even when the full many-body state is not simulated with high fidelity. The long-time correlation length near the critical point is more sensitive to the full many-body state fidelity, and generally requires a large bond dimension MPS. Nonetheless, this can still be efficiently simulated with strongly truncated MPS because it can be extracted from the short-time behavior of the dynamics where entanglement is low. Our results provide illustrations of scenarios where accurate calculation of the full many-body state (microstate) is intractable due to the volume-law growth of entanglement, yet a precise specification of an exact microstate may not be required when simulating macroproperties that play a role in phases of matter of many-body systems. We also study the tractability of simulation using truncated MPS based on quantum chaos and equilibration in the models. We find a counterintuitive inverse relationship, whereby local expectation values are most easily approximated for chaotic systems whose exact many-body state is most intractable.
Low-mass constraints on WIMP effective models of inelastic scattering using the Migdal effect
Authors: Kang Sunghyun , Scopel Stefano , Tomar Gaurav 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We use the Migdal effect to extend to low masses the bounds on each of the effective couplings of the non-relativistic effective field theory of a WIMP of mass mχ
and spin 1/2 that interacts inelastically with nuclei by either upscattering to a heavier state with mass splitting δ > 0 or by downscattering to a lighter state with δ < 0. In order to do so we perform a systematic analysis of the Migdal bounds in the mχ
-δ parameter space comparing them to those from nuclear recoil searches.
The Migdal effect allows to significantly extend to low WIMP masses the nuclear recoil bounds for δ < 0. In this case the bounds are driven by XENON1T, except when δ is vanishing or very small, when, depending on the WIMP-nucleus interaction, in the lower end of the mχ
range either DS50 or SuperCDMS are more constraining. On the other hand, when δ > 0 and the WIMP particle upscatters to a heavier state nuclear recoil bounds are stronger than those from the Migdal effect.
Bayesian technique to combine independently-trained machine-learning models applied to direct dark matter detection
Authors: Cerdeño David , de los Rios Martin , Perez Andres D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We carry out a Bayesian analysis of dark matter (DM) direct detection data to determine
particle model parameters using the Truncated Marginal Neural Ratio Estimation (TMNRE) machine
learning technique. TMNRE avoids an explicit calculation of the likelihood, which instead is
estimated from simulated data, unlike in traditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
algorithms. This considerably speeds up, by several orders of magnitude, the computation of the
posterior distributions, which allows to perform the Bayesian analysis of an otherwise
computationally prohibitive number of benchmark points. In this article we demonstrate that, in
the TMNRE framework, it is possible to include, combine, and remove different datasets in a
modular fashion, which is fast and simple as there is no need to re-train the machine learning
algorithm or to define a combined likelihood. In order to assess the performance of this method,
we consider the case of WIMP DM with spin-dependent and independent interactions with protons and
neutrons in a xenon experiment. After validating our results with MCMC, we employ the TMNRE
procedure to determine the regions where the DM parameters can be reconstructed. Finally, we
present CADDENA, a Python package that implements the modular Bayesian analysis of direct
detection experiments described in this work.
cp3-bench: a tool for benchmarking symbolic regression algorithms demonstrated with cosmology
Authors: Thing M.E. , Koksbang S.M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We introduce cp3-bench, a tool for comparing/benching symbolic regression algorithms, which we make publicly available at https://github.com/CP3-Origins/cp3-bench. In its current format, cp3-bench includes 12 different symbolic regression algorithms which can be automatically installed as part of cp3-bench. The philosophy behind cp3-bench is that is should be as user-friendly as possible, available in a ready-to-use format, and allow for easy additions of new algorithms and datasets. Our hope is that users of symbolic regression algorithms can use cp3-bench to easily install and compare/bench an array of symbolic regression algorithms to better decide which algorithms to use for their specific tasks at hand.

To introduce and motivate the use of cp3-bench we present a small benchmark of 12 symbolic regression algorithms applied to 28 datasets representing six different cosmological and astroparticle physics setups. Overall, we find that most of the benched algorithms do rather poorly in the benchmark and suggest possible ways to proceed with developing algorithms that will be better at identifying ground truth expressions for cosmological and astroparticle physics datasets. Our demonstration benchmark specifically studies the significance of dimensionality of the feature space and precision of datasets. We find both to be highly important for symbolic regression tasks to be successful. On the other hand, we find no indication that inter-dependence of features in datasets is particularly important, meaning that it is not in general a hindrance for symbolic regression algorithms if datasets e.g. contain both z and H(z) as features. Lastly, we note that we find no indication that performance of algorithms on standardized datasets are good indicators of performance on particular cosmological and astrophysical datasets. This suggests that it is not necessarily prudent to choose symbolic regression algorithms based on their performance on standardized data. Instead, a more robust approach is to consider a variety of algorithms, chosen based on the particular task at hand that one wishes to apply symbolic regression to.
ΛsCDM cosmology: alleviating major cosmological tensions by predicting standard neutrino properties
Authors: Yadav Anita , Kumar Suresh , Kıbrıs Cihad , Akarsu Özgür 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we investigate a two-parameter extension of the ΛsCDM model, as well as the ΛCDM model for comparison, by allowing variations in the effective number of neutrino species (N
eff) and their total mass (∑mν). Our motivation is twofold: (i) to examine whether the ΛsCDM framework retains its success in fitting the data and addressing major cosmological tensions, without suggesting a need for a deviation from the standard model of particle physics, and (ii) to determine whether the data indicate new physics that could potentially address cosmological tensions, either in the post-recombination universe through the late-time (z ∼ 2) mirror AdS-to-dS transition feature of the ΛsCDM model, or in the pre-recombination universe through modifications in the standard values of N
eff and ∑mν
, or both. Within the extended ΛsCDM model, referred to as ΛsCDM+N
eff+∑mν
, we find no significant tension when considering the Planck-alone analysis. We observe that incorporating BAO data limits the further success of the ΛsCDM extension. However, the weakly model-dependent BAOtr data, along with Planck and Planck+PP&SH0ES, favor an H
0 value of approximately 73 km s-1 Mpc-1, which aligns perfectly with local measurements. In cases where BAOtr is part of the combined dataset, the mirror AdS-dS transition is very effective in providing enhanced H
0 values, and thus the model requires no significant deviation from the standard value of N
eff = 3.044, remaining consistent with the standard model of particle physics. Both the H
0 and S
8 tensions are effectively addressed, with some compromise in the case of the Planck+BAO dataset. Finally, the upper bounds obtained
on total neutrino mass, ∑mν
≲ 0.50 eV, are fully compatible with neutrino oscillation experiments. Our findings provide evidence that late-time physics beyond ΛCDM, such as ΛsCDM, without altering the standard description of the pre-recombination universe, can suffice to alleviate the major cosmological tensions, as indicated by our analysis of ΛsCDM+N
eff+∑mν
.
Impact of quadrupole and hexadecapole deformations and associated orientations on a variety of asymmetric nuclear reactions
Authors: . Diksha , SHARMA HARSHIT , Sharma Manoj K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The present manuscript investigates the fusion-ER cross-sections for different projectile-target&#xD;combinations, 16O + 148,150Nd, 165Ho, 194Pt, 18O+ 148Nd, 194Pt, 192Os, and 19F + 188Os consisting of quadrupole (β2) and hexadecapole (β4) deformed target nuclei. The study analyzes the influence&#xD;of higher-order deformations and corresponding orientation criterias adopted for the exploration of&#xD;the dynamics of the considered nuclei. The influence of these parameters has been studied in terms&#xD;of capture cross-section (σcap), Compound nucleus (CN) formation probability (PCN ), survival&#xD;probability (Wsur ), and the fusion-ER cross-sections across the center of mass energies (Ec.m.).&#xD;The study recognizes the importance of the fission barrier in determining the survival probability&#xD;(Wsur ) of the compound nucleus and subsequently the ER cross-sections. A discrepancy among the&#xD;calculated and experimental ER cross-sections is observed, particularly in reactions with lower fission&#xD;barriers. In the reactions with a lower fission barrier of formed CN, the level density parameter ratio&#xD;(af /an) for the fission and neutron-evaporation channels helps to address the experimental data.
Evaluation of neoclassical transport in nearly quasi-isodynamic stellarator magnetic fields using MONKES
Authors: Escoto F.J. , Velasco J.L. , Calvo I. , Sánchez E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stellarator magnetic fields that are perfectly optimized for neoclassical transport (with levels of radial neoclassical transport comparable to tokamaks) are called omnigenous. Quasi-isodynamic (QI) magnetic fields are a subset of omnigenous magnetic fields in which the isolines of the magnetic field strength close poloidally, which grants them the additional property of producing zero bootstrap current. A frequent strategy in the quest for QI configurations is to optimize the magnetic field indirectly by minimizing proxies that vanish in an exactly QI field. The recently developed code MONKES enables fast computations of the neoclassical radial transport and bootstrap current monoenergetic coefficients, and therefore facilitates enormously to assess the efficiency of such indirect approach. By evaluating the large database of intermediate configurations that led to the configuration CIEMAT-QI, the inefficiency of the indirect optimization strategy for minimizing the bootstrap current is illustrated. In addition, MONKES is used to take the first steps in the exploration of a region of the configuration space of piecewise omnigenous fields, a novel family of optimized magnetic fields that has broadened the configuration space of stellarators with low levels of radial neoclassical transport.
Development of a novel compact and fast SiPM-based RICH detector for the future ALICE 3 PID system at LHC
Authors: Mazziotta M.N. , Altamura A.R. , Congedo L. , De Robertis G. , Di Mauro A. , Guerra-Pulido J.O. , Licciulli F. , Lorusso L. , Martinengo P. , Nappi E. , Nicassio N. , Paić G. , Panzarini G. , Pillera R. , Volpe G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A dedicated R&D is ongoing for the charged particle identification system of the ALICE 3 experiment proposed for the LHC Run 5 and beyond.
One of the subsystems for the high-energy charged particle identification will be a Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detector.
The possibility of integrating Cherenkov-based charged particle timing measurements is currently under study.
The proposed system is based on a proximity-focusing RICH configuration including an aerogel radiator separated from a SiPM array layer by an expansion gap. A thin high-refractive index window of transparent material, acting as a second Cherenkov radiator, is glued on the SiPM array to enable time-of-flight measurements of charged particles by exploiting the yield of Cherenkov photons in the thin window.
We assembled a small-scale prototype instrumented with different Hamamatsu SiPM array sensors with pitches ranging from 1 to 3 mm, readout by custom boards equipped with the front-end Petiroc 2A ASICs to measure charges and times.
The primary Cherenkov radiator consisted of a 2 cm thick aerogel tile, while various window materials, including SiO2 and MgF2, were used as secondary Cherenkov radiators.
The prototype was successfully tested in a campaign at the CERN PS T10 beam line with pions and protons. This paper summarizes the results achieved in the 2023 test beam campaign.
A methodology for timing performance optimization
of the pre-amplifier design in High Energy Physics
Authors: Gan Y. , Casanova R. , Degerli Y. , Guilloux F. , Grinstein S. , Meyer J.-P. , Schwemling P. , Huang G. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Particle colliders operating at an increasing luminosity for High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments often present greater challenges in the design of the front-end readout circuits, especially when exploring the possibility of employing Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (DMAPS) for timing in HEP. This paper presents a methodology for the timing performance optimization in the context of the future collider experiments. First a simplified model is presented for theoretical performance analysis and the validity is tested. Then an optimization process is done to find the best parameters regarding the trade-offs from the application requirements.
Degradation and residual life assessment of thermocouples with damaged sheaths in corrosive environments
Authors: Kumar Valipi Dinesh , Bhattacharyya Anindya , Behera Rajendra Prasad , M Kasinathan , Prabakar Krishnamurthy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mineral-Insulated Metal-Sheathed thermocouples exhibit
extended lifespan and resilience in harsh environments, owing to
their protective sheath. However, these thermocouples are prone to
failure in a highly acidic medium such as nuclear fuel reprocessing
plants. This paper investigates the degradation phenomena and its
effect on measurement accuracy when a thermocouple with damage to
its protective sheath is immersed in a corrosive medium. The
objective is to assess the thermocouple's reliability by micro
machining a small hole to simulate sheath damage, facilitating
direct contact between the corrosive medium and the sensing
materials of a K-type thermocouple. The thermocouples with sheath
defects were subjected to aging in different concentrations of
acidic medium at a constant temperature, leading to eventual
failure. The time-to-failure data of thermocouples at each
concentration is analyzed using the Weibull distribution. This study
establishes a thermocouple accelerated life-stress relationship
using the Inverse Power Law under a ruptured sheath condition. The
study also explores the correlation between the residual life and
the position of simulated ruptures. ANOVA is employed to test the
hypotheses regarding the influence of rupture position on
thermocouple performance. It is shown that the location of damage is
statistically significant in determining the thermocouple's residual
life under damaged sheath condition.
Numerical modelling of active target time projection chamber for low-energy nuclear physics
Authors: Das Pralay Kumar , Datta Jaydeep , Majumdar Nayana , Mukhopadhyay Supratik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A numerical model based on hydrodynamic approach has been
developed to emulate the device dynamics of active target Time
Projection Chamber which is utilized for studying nuclear reaction
through three-dimensional tracking of concerned low-energy
particles. The proposed model has been used to investigate the
performance of a prototype active target Time Projection Chamber,
namely SAT-TPC, to be fabricated at Saha Institute of Nuclear
Physics, for its application in nuclear physics experiments. A case
study of non-relativistic elastic scattering 4He + 12C
with beam energy 25 MeV and current 2.3 pA has been opted for this
purpose. The effect of beam induced space charge on the tracking
performance the SAT-TPC prototype has been studied to optimize the
beam current and scheme of the anode readout segmentation. The model
has been validated by comparing its results to that of a particle
model used to explain observed distortion in scattered particle
tracks in a low-energy nuclear physics experiment.
Potential and costs required for methane removal to compete with BECCS as a mitigation option
Authors: Gaucher Yann , Tanaka Katsumasa , Johansson Daniel J A , Boucher Olivier , Ciais Philippe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Methane is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) causing warming after carbon dioxide, and the emission reductions potentials are known to be limited due to the difficulty of abating agricultural methane. We explore in this study the emerging option of atmospheric methane removal (MR) that could complement carbon dioxide removal (CDR) in mitigation pathways. MR is technologically very challenging and potentially very expensive, so the main question is at which cost per ton of methane removed is MR more cost effective than CDR. To address this question, we use an intertemporal optimization climate-GHG-energy model to evaluate the MR cost and removal potential thresholds that would allow us to meet a given climate target with the same or a lower abatement cost and allowing for equal or higher gross CO2 emissions than if CDR through bioenergy with carbon capture and storage were an option. We also compare the effects of MR and CDR on the cost-effective mitigation pathways achieving four different climate targets. Using the ACC2-GET integrated carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry, climate and energy system model, we consider a generic MR technology characterized by a given unit cost and a maximal removal potential. We show that to totally replace bioenergy based CDR with MR, the MR potential should reach at least 180–290 MtCH4 per year, i.e. between 50% and 90% of current anthropogenic methane emissions, with maximum unit cost between 11 000 and 69 000 $/tCH4, depending on the climate target. Finally, we found that replacing CDR by MR reshapes the intergenerational distribution of climate mitigation efforts by delaying further the mitigation burden.
Accessible halitosis diagnosis: validating the accuracy of novel AI-based compact VSC measuring instrument
Authors: Enomoto Suguru , Zaitsu Takashi , Aritomi Risa , Akiyama Hiroshi , Aida Jun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Halitosis presents a significant global health concern, necessitating the development of precise and efficient testing methodologies owing to the high prevalence and the associated social and psychological effects. The measurement of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), recognized as primary contributors to halitosis, is particularly significant. While gas chromatography (GC-MS) offers accurate measurements, its bulky and expensive nature limits widespread accessibility. Hence, this study endeavors to devise a compact yet highly accurate AI-based halitosis measurement apparatus, termed ‘Kunkun dental’ and validate its efficacy. Specifically, we intend to compare the VSC concentrations obtained from halitosis patients’ breath samples using Kunkun dental against those from conventional GC-MS to assess the criterion validity of the new testing method. The study cohort comprised 68 halitosis patients aged 20 years or older, attending the breath freshening outpatient clinic at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between October 2022 and March 2023, who consented to participate and underwent routine measurements. Participants completed an age and sex questionnaire, while VSC concentrations were determined using both GC-MS and Kunkun dental (H2S, CH3SH, (CH3)2S), enabling a comparative analysis of the results. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients between GC-MS and Kunkun dental indicated significant correlations for all three gases: 0.719 for H2S, 0.821 for CH3 SH, and 0.637 for (CH3)2S. Moreover, sensitivity and specificity in accordance with the predefined thresholds were confirmed, and their values ranged from 0.59 to 0.86 and 0.53–0.77, respectively. Furthermore, grouping Kunkun dental measurements into low-, medium-, and high-concentration groups revealed significantly higher GC-MS VSC concentrations in samples with elevated Kunkun dental readings. The amalgamation of AI technology and a semiconductor gas sensor holds great promise in creating a compact and precise halitosis analyzer. This study underscores the feasibility and effectiveness of Kunkun dental as a reliable tool for halitosis assessment, affirming its utility in clinical practice.