bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated diagnosis of autism with artificial intelligence: State of the art
Authors: Valizadeh Amir , Moassefi Mana , Nakhostin-Ansari Amin , Heidari Some’eh Soheil , Hosseini-Asl Hossein , Saghab Torbati Mehrnush , Aghajani Reyhaneh , Maleki Ghorbani Zahra , Menbari-Oskouie Iman , Aghajani Faezeh , Mirzamohamadi Alireza , Ghafouri Mohammad , Faghani Shahriar , Memari Amir Hossein 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a panel of conditions that begin during the developmental period and result in impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. Early diagnosis is directly related to a better prognosis. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of ASD requires a long and exhausting subjective process. We aimed to review the state of the art for automated autism diagnosis and recognition in this research. In February 2022, we searched multiple databases and sources of gray literature for eligible studies. We used an adapted version of the QUADAS-2 tool to assess the risk of bias in the studies. A brief report of the methods and results of each study is presented. Data were synthesized for each modality separately using the Split Component Synthesis (SCS) method. We assessed heterogeneity using the I
2 statistics and evaluated publication bias using trim and fill tests combined with ln DOR. Confidence in cumulative evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach for diagnostic studies. We included 344 studies from 186,020 participants (51,129 are estimated to be unique) for nine different modalities in this review, from which 232 reported sufficient data for meta-analysis. The area under the curve was in the range of 0.71–0.90 for all the modalities. The studies on EEG data provided the best accuracy, with the area under the curve ranging between 0.85 and 0.93. We found that the literature is rife with bias and methodological/reporting flaws. Recommendations are provided for future research to provide better studies and fill in the current knowledge gaps.
The effects of a single dialysis session on serum hepcidin levels
Authors: Oğuzman Hamdi , Kın Tekçe Buket , Tekçe Hikmet , Buğdaycı Güler 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Hepcidin plays an important role in regulating iron metabolism. Elevated levels of hepcidin in renal failure contribute to the development of anemia. We aimed to evaluate the association between hepcidin and inflammation in hemodialysis patients and how dialysis affects hepcidin levels.

Methods
Hepcidin clearance with hemodialysis was investigated by measuring hepcidin concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method before and after hemodialysis of 40 patients in a single dialysis session. Hemogram parameters and ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured and evaluated their relations with predialysis hepcidin levels.

Results
Hepcidin levels decreased significantly with dialysis treatment (p=0.009). Median hepcidin concentration before dialysis was measured as 330 ng/mL (83–459) and post-dialysis median hepcidin concentration was 250 ng/mL (94–384). There was a significant correlation between predialysis hepcidin levels and ferritin (r=0.858, p<0.001), TIBC (r=−0.451, p=0.004), and MCV (r=0.384, p=0.016). It was found that increases in ferritin levels in time were positively correlated with hepcidin before dialysis.

Conclusions
We think that understanding the removal of the hepcidin by dialysis, which causes a decrease in the amount of iron available in the anemia, is important in managing future therapy.
A study on optimal rotor speed control method for helicopter power system considering the influence of infrared suppressors
Authors: Wang Zhaoguang , Du Jiatong , Guo Haoran 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In order to realize the most economical operation of helicopter power system, the optimal rotor speed control method is proposed and designed. Firstly, the simplified performance calculation model of helicopter required power and turboshaft engine are established, which constitute the performance calculation model of helicopter power system together. Then, according to the above model, through applying blade loading constraint and selecting the minimum engine fuel flow as the optimization objective, an integrated optimization method of optimal rotor speed based on golden section method is proposed, which reveals the variation law of optimal rotor speed under different operation conditions. Finally, the numerical simulation and hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulation are conducted separately to validate the optimal rotor speed control method. The results indicate that compared with constant rotor speed operation, optimal rotor speed control method can decrease engine fuel flow by more than 21 %, which proves the significant effectiveness and satisfactory feasibility. The optimal rotor speed control method ensures that the helicopter power system operates at the optimal rotor speed, and is beneficial to reach the most economical cruise target.
Examining Sleep Modulation byDrosophilaEllipsoid Body Neurons
Authors: Singh Prabhjit , Aleman Abigail , Omoto Jaison Jiro , Nguyen Bao-Chau , Kandimalla Pratyush , Hartenstein Volker , Donlea Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent work inDrosophilahas uncovered several neighboring classes of sleep-regulatory neurons within the central complex. However, the logic of connectivity and network motifs remains limited by the incomplete examination of relevant cell types. Using a recent genetic–anatomic classification of ellipsoid body ring neurons, we conducted a thermogenetic screen in female flies to assess sleep/wake behavior and identified two wake-promoting drivers that label ER3d neurons and two sleep-promoting drivers that express in ER3m cells. We then used intersectional genetics to refine driver expression patterns. Activation of ER3d cells shortened sleep bouts, suggesting a key role in sleep maintenance. While sleep-promoting drivers from our mini-screen label overlapping ER3m neurons, intersectional strategies cannot rule out sleep regulatory roles for additional neurons in their expression patterns. Suppressing GABA synthesis in ER3m neurons prevents postinjury sleep, and GABAergic ER3d cells are required for thermogenetically induced wakefulness. Finally, we use an activity-dependent fluorescent reporter for putative synaptic contacts to embed these neurons within the known sleep-regulatory network. ER3m and ER3d neurons may receive connections from wake-active Helicon/ExR1 cells, and ER3m neurons likely inhibit ER3d neurons. Together, these data suggest a neural mechanism by which previously uncharacterized circuit elements stabilize sleep–wake states.
Efficacy and safety of a 30-day methylprednisolone treatment protocol for subacute thyroiditis: a prospective study
Authors: Bajuk Studen Katica , Gaberšček Simona , Pirnat Edvard , Bedernjak Bajuk Nataša , Vendramin Andreja , Majcen Vito , Zaletel Katja 
Published: September 2023

Objective
The optimal corticosteroid treatment regimen for subacute thyroiditis has not yet been established. To avoid side effects, tapering of the initial dose of corticosteroid is recommended. With reducing dose, the symptoms can recur.

Design
In a prospective clinical study, a 30-day methylprednisolone (MPSL) treatment protocol with a starting dose of 24 mg/day and tapered by 4 mg every 5 days was assessed for effectiveness and safety regarding possible adrenal insufficiency.

Methods
Fifty-nine patients with subacute thyroiditis were included. At visit 1, after establishing the diagnosis, a short stimulation adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test was performed and methylprednisolone treatment was prescribed. At visit 2 (40 ± 5 days after visit 1), clinical, laboratory (including short stimulation ACTH test), and ultrasound evaluation were repeated.

Results
Forty-eight patients (81.4%) were cured by the prescribed protocol, having significantly lower cortisol levels after stimulation at visit 1 than patients who were not cured (mean, 674.9 nmol/L and 764.0 nmol/L, respectively, P = 0.012). Seven patients (12.3%) developed adrenal insufficiency; this group had significantly lower cortisol levels after stimulation at visit 1 than patients without adrenal insufficiency development (mean, 561.5 nmol/L and 704.7 nmol/L, respectively, P = 0.005). Using stimulated cortisol level at visit 1 as the explanatory variable, logistic models were optimized to determine treatment efficacy (AUC = 0.745, optimal threshold 729 nmol/L, specificity 71%, sensitivity 73%) and adrenal function (AUC = 0.861, optimal threshold 629 nmol/L, specificity 73%, sensitivity 100%).

Conclusions
The described protocol was efficient for more than 80% of patients. Using this protocol, the corticosteroid treatment interval is shorter than proposed in current guidelines.

Significance statement
A short but effective protocol for treatment of subacute thyroiditis with methylprednisolone is presented in this article. Using this protocol, the treatment interval is shorter than proposed in current guidelines. Its safety regarding possible adrenal insufficiency is assessed.
Neuer Wein in alten Schläuchen – Die Entscheidungen von EuGH und EuG zu Art. 102 AEUV in Servizio Elettrico Nazionale, Lietuvos, Unilever Italia, Intel, Qualcomm und Google Android
Authors: Haus Florian C. , Urban Valentin Eden 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die kartellrechtliche Missbrauchsaufsicht hat zuletzt in der Digitalwirtschaft mit dem Inkrafttreten des Digital Markets Act einem stärker regulierungsrechtlich ausgerichteten Ansatz Platz machen müssen. Mit einer Reihe wichtiger Gerichtsentscheidungen auf Unionsebene „meldet“ sich Art. 102 AEUV „zurück“. Dieser Beitrag berichtet in einem Rückblick auf die letzten 18 Monate von sechs Entscheidungen aus Luxemburg, die die kartellrechtliche Missbrauchsaufsicht spürbar weiterentwickeln. Dabei fällt auf, dass – anders als für die nationale Kartellgesetzgebung prägend – es keineswegs nur um eine „Verschärfung“ der Missbrauchsaufsicht geht. Vielmehr loten die Entscheidungen sowohl Fehler erster Art (zu früher Eingriff) und Fehler zweiter Art (zu später Eingriff) aus, so dass sich in der Gesamtschau neue Anforderungen, aber auch neue Spielräume für marktbeherrschende Unternehmen ergeben.
Die Kunst der Schadensberechnung – Die erste Entscheidung des UK Competition Appeal Tribunal in Sachen LKW-Kartell
Authors: Tolkmitt Jan 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die erste Entscheidung des UK Competition Appeal Tribunal zum LKW-Kartell bietet wertvolles Anschauungsmaterial für die zivilrechtliche Aufarbeitung von Kartellverstößen und für die dabei im Mittelpunkt stehende Schadensberechnung. Die Entscheidung zeigt exemplarisch das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Präzision und Pragmatismus auf, das die Gerichte vor dem Hintergrund bestehender Erkenntnisgrenzen und daraus resultierender Unsicherheit aufzulösen haben. Das Tribunal schätzt den kartellbedingten Preisaufschlag auf Grundlage qualitativer Plausibilitätserwägungen und ökometrischer Berechnungen auf 5 Prozent der kartellierten Umsätze und weist sämtliche Einwände zur Vorteilsausgleichung zurück, wobei die Streuschadenproblematik nicht zuletzt wegen des vorliegenden Minderheitsvotums von besonderem Interesse ist.
Effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide supplementation, applied during or after vitrification on mouse embryo
Authors: Török Dóra , Somoskői Bence , Bordás Lilla , Reglődi Dóra , Cseh Sándor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with widespread occurrence and diverse functions. It occurs in high levels in the gonads suggesting a potential central role in reproduction. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of PACAP treatment during embryo vitrification on the developmental rate and the expression of the heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor gene (Hbegf). Mouse embryos, obtained from superovulated females were allocated into the four treatment groups. In EM1 and EM2, the embryos were prepared for vitrification in an Equilibration Solution that was supplemented with 1 or 2 μM PACAP1-38, respectively. The embyos in groups CM1 and CM2 were not treated prior to vitrification but were cultured in a medium supplemented with 1 or 2 μM PACAP1-38 after thawing. The Vitrified Control group consisted of embryos vitrified and thawed then cultured without PACAP1-38 treatment. A non-vitrified, non-treated Fresh Control group was also used. After 24 h of culture, the developmental rate of the embryos, as well as the relative expression level of the Hbegf gene, as determined by qPCR, were compared among groups. Higher developmental rate and Hbegf gene expression level were found in the embryos treated with a higher concentration of PACAP. These results indicate that PACAP treatment has a beneficial effect on the survival and development of vitrified/thawed mouse embryos.
A randomized single-blinded comparative experimental study to test the influence of timing of intravenous fluid therapy on maternal hemodynamics during lower segmental caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia
Authors: Babu Sinchu Mary , Jude Geo Navin , Devaprasath Renu 
Published: September 2023

: Spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension can be prevented by several techniques and methodologies, which is very important as the life of the mother and fetus is at risk. This study compared the efficacy of crystalloid administration 6 hours and half an hour before spinal anaesthesia on reducing hypotension.: After obtaining informed consent, 110 ASA 2 patients aged between 20 and 40 were scheduled for elective lower segmental caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1: Participants were kept nil per oral overnight, and Ringer's lactate was administered over half an hour before surgery. Group 2: participants were given ringer lactate. The amount was based upon the Holiday Segar formula (first 10 kg received 4ml/kg, 10-20 kg- 2ml/kg and remaining received 1 ml/kg) and given steadily over half an hour and 6 hours respectively in both groups. The incidence of hypotension and the need for rescue vasopressor in the two groups was recorded.: The two groups were statistically comparable in terms of age, height and weight. The incidence of Hypotension in Group 1 was 12.7%, and in Group 2 was 25%, which was statistically insignificant. Seven out of 55 patients in Group 1 had SBP&#60;20% from baseline, whereas in Group 2, 14 patients out of 55 patients had SBP &#60;20% from baseline, which was statistically insignificant. The incidence of ephedrine usage was statistically insignificant in both groups.: This study's results showed no statistically significant difference in preventing hypotension whether the fluids were given as 6 hours or half an hour before surgery. Therefore, to deliver preload of fluid, it is unnecessary to delay surgery.
Evaluation of efficacy of low dose IV ketamine for prevention of pain associated with IV propofol injection
Authors: Shewalkar Mohana Sharadchandra , Sangawar Medha Akhilesh , Shinde Puja Madhukar , Cham Soma Chandrashekharan , Shende Akshay Nagorao 
Published: September 2023

Propofol is a widely used intravenous anaesthetic that is known to cause distressing local pain at the site of injection. Ketamine pretreatment is one of the methods proposed to attenuate Propofol injection pain due to its local anaesthetic properties.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of low dose (100 mcg/kg) I.V. Ketamine in decreasing I.V. Propofol injection pain by using McCrirrick and Hunter scale.72 adult patients of ASA Physical status 1 and 2 of either sex undergoing elective surgical procedure under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into two groups.Group- A (n=36): Pre-treatment with Ketamine 100µg/kg (1ml) and Group- B (n=36): pre-treatment with 0.9% Normal Saline (1ml).Comparison between group A and group B using McCrirrick and Hunter Evaluation Scale at 5,10 and 15 seconds intervals were statistically highly significant (p value&#60;0.0001). None of the patients in group A experienced moderate or severe pain at all 3 intervals as compared to group B. McCrirrick and Hunter evaluation score mean values were also highly significant at all time intervals between both the groups. Hemodynamic parameters, EtCO and SpO were comparable between two groups. There was no incidence of any adverse effects in both the groups. I.V. Ketamine in a dose of 100mcg/kg with tourniquet as pretreatment before Propofol was useful in significantly reducing the incidence and severity of pain without any adverse haemodynamic effect.
Comparison of landmark technique versus ultrasound guided technique for supraclavicular brachial plexus block in upper limb surgeries: A prospective randomized trial
Authors: Shilpashri A M  , Chikkanagoudar Seema 
Published: September 2023

: Brachial plexus block is a widely used regional anaesthesia technique for upper limb surgeries, with regional techniques gaining popularity over general anaesthesia. Recent advancements in anatomical sonography have improved the understanding and application of ultrasound-guided techniques. Ultrasound enables accurate needle placement /and real-time monitoring of drug distribution, enhancing the effectiveness and safety of the procedure.: The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of supraclavicular brachial plexus block using the landmark technique and ultrasound-guided technique in terms of procedure time, onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade, effectiveness of the block, and complication rate. This prospective, randomized controlled study included 60 patients aged between 18 and 60 years, of either sex, belonging to ASA grade I and II, and undergoing elective or emergency upper limb surgeries (elbow, forearm, and hand surgeries). The patients were divided into two groups: Group LM (Landmark technique) and Group US (Ultrasound technique). Each patient received a supraclavicular brachial plexus block using either technique with 25ml of 0.5% ropivacaine, and relevant parameters were recorded.: The success rate was higher in Group US compared to Group LM, and no complications were observed. The onset of blockade was significantly faster, and the duration of the block was longer with the ultrasound-guided technique compared to the landmark technique. However, the time taken to administer the block was longer with the ultrasound technique.: Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block is a safer technique with a higher success rate, providing more effective and prolonged block compared to the conventional landmark technique.
Comparison of ultrasound-guided versus conventional technique for caudal block in paediatric patients
Authors: Gupta Kanika , Agarwal Swati , Misra Rajesh 
Published: September 2023

Caudal blocks have been recommended for surgical procedures mainly below umbilicus. Their use has increased in paediatric cases as they are easy to perform with low complication rates. There have been reports of this technique being performed as a sole anaesthetic in children who may not be a suitable candidate for general anaesthesia. This study was conducted with an aim to compare the traditionally used landmark guided technique of caudal block with ultrasound-guided technique in terms of intra-operative analgesia, haemodynamic parameters, time required to perform block and demand for rescue analgesia.This prospective randomized comparative study was carried out in 68 paediatric patients divided in two study groups (Group C and Group U) undergoing elective lower gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tract surgeries over a period of two years in a tertiary care hospital.The intra-operative haemodynamic parameters were comparable in both the groups. There was a significant increase in time taken to perform the block in Group U as compared to Group C (6.5 minutes v/s 15 minutes) (p-value &#60;0.001). The success rate at first puncture was 52.2% in Group C and 47.8% in Group U. The majority of patients were relaxed and comfortable in the 1st hour post-operatively. The requirement of rescue analgesia in the post-operative period was comparable in both the groups. The conventional technique is easier and less time consuming as compared to the ultrasound-guided technique, which is newer and the practitioner needs expertise. The quality of analgesia provided by both the techniques is comparable. The frequency of complications associated with the block are fewer with the ultrasound-guided approach. Ultrasonography is the modality of choice specially in cases where detection of sacral anatomy and landmarks is difficult. However, further studies are needed to establish the role of ultrasonography in performing caudal block.
Multimodal analgesia regime for open spine fixation surgery: A case series
Authors: Yadav Anshul , Swarnkar Nikhil 
Published: September 2023

Postoperative pain is a common and significant problem that affects millions of patients worldwide. Inadequate pain control can lead to a range of negative outcomes, including prolonged hospital stays, delayed recovery, increased healthcare costs, and decreased patient satisfaction. Therefore, effective management of postoperative pain is essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare utilization. While progress has been made in improving postoperative pain management, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying postoperative pain and the most effective interventions for its management. Further research is needed to optimize pain management strategies and reduce the burden of postoperative pain on patients and healthcare systems.Multimodal analgesia is an approach to pain management that uses a combination of medications and other interventions to effectively manage pain while minimizing side effects. The goal is to target pain at different points in the pain pathway, using different mechanisms of action, to achieve better pain control than could be achieved with a single medication alone. By using multiple medications that work through different mechanisms, a lower dose of each medication can be used, reducing the risk of side effects. The approach is often tailored to the individual patient, taking into account their medical history, the type of surgery or injury, and their level of pain. Overall, multimodal analgesia aims to improve pain control and patient outcomes while reducing the risk of adverse effects.
Anaesthetic management of a patient with sickle cell disease: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Rajesh M C  , Syama G M  , Thomas Anu Mary , Jithin T N  
Published: September 2023

Sickle cell anaemia is a haemoglobinopathy with an autosomal recessive inheritance. With the advent of advanced medical care, longevity of patients with sickle-cell disease has improved greatly. Our aim is to highlight the perioperative strategies to avoid complications due to the disease itself which can get exacerbated by moderate-high risk surgeries, hypoxia, dehydration, hypothermia, acidosis, vascular stasis and infection.