bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der korneale Hydrops – Ursachen und moderne Therapieansätze
Authors: Bachmann Björn O. , Matthaei Mario , Schlereth Simona , Cursiefen Claus 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDer akute Hydrops bezeichnet ein plötzliches Hornhautödem, das durch den Einriss der Descemet-Membran (DM) häufig bei fortschreitender Keratektasie verursacht wird. Er führt zu einer
plötzlichen Visusminderung, Schmerzen und Fremdkörpergefühl sowie zu einem gesteigerten Blendungsempfinden. In der Regel heilt der akute Hydrops innerhalb von Monaten narbig ab, jedoch kann
es auch zu Komplikationen wie Hornhautperforation, infektiöser Keratitis und Hornhautvaskularisationen kommen. Die Prävalenz bei Keratokonuspatienten liegt bei 2,6 – 2,8%. Risikofaktoren
sind die Keratoconjunctivitis vernalis, die atopische Dermatitis, hohe Keratometriewerte, männliches Geschlecht sowie Augenreiben. Eine Keratoplastik sollte in der akuten Phase vermieden
werden. Die Prognose des Transplantates ist reduziert und nach narbiger Abheilung des Hydrops kann das Tragen von Kontaktlinse oder Brille u. U. wieder möglich sein. Eine alleinige
konservative Therapie mit benetzenden und entquellenden Tropfen, prophylaktischen antibiotischen Augentropfen zur Vermeidung einer Superinfektion und topischen Steroiden galt lange Zeit als
die einzig mögliche Behandlungsform. Die narbige Abheilung und Entquellung unter konservativer Therapie dauert im Mittel jedoch über 100 Tage. Mittlerweile gibt es unterschiedliche
chirurgische Strategien, die die Heilungs- und damit die Leidensphase der Patienten bis auf wenige Tage rapide verkürzen. Bei Lösung der DM ohne Spannung kann eine simple Gaseingabe in die
Vorderkammer bereits zur Wiederanlage und damit zur fast sofortigen Entquellung der Hornhaut führen. Wenn die DM unter Spannung steht, kann durch prädescemetale Nähte in Kombination mit
einer Gaseingabe in die Vorderkammer ein Abflachen der Hornhaut und eine Wiederanlage der DM erreicht werden. Die Mini-Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (Mini-DMEK) erlaubt den
nahtfreien Verschluss des DM-Defektes durch Transplantation eines kleinen (< 5 mm) Transplantates. Bei besonders großen DM-Rissen und sehr ausgeprägtem Hydrops kann es nach Anlage von
prädescemetalen Nähten zu Fadenlockerungen und Rezidiven kommen. Die Mini-DMEK kann dann zum dauerhaften Abheilen führen, muss im Gegensatz zur einfachen Hornhautnaht aber meist in
Allgemeinanästhesie und unter intraoperativer OCT-Kontrolle durchgeführt werden. Die sehr guten Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die schnelle Heilung des Hydrops belegen, dass bei den allermeisten
Betroffenen eine chirurgische Therapie sinnvoll ist und zügig eingeleitet werden sollte.
Profile of Cutaneous Bacterial Flora in Pemphigus Patients
Authors: Mohanty Srujana , Saha Swarnatrisha , Firdaus Shehnaz , Sirka Chandra Sekhar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives Pemphigus, a group of autoimmune bullous diseases, can be fatal, resulting from overwhelming opportunistic infection of lesions secondary to cutaneous bacterial infections. This study aimed to look into the cutaneous bacterial infection profile of pemphigus patients as timely identification and appropriate treatment can play a major role in reducing mortality.
Materials and Methods Pus samples/swabs received from patients with pemphigus over a 2-year period from July 2018 to June 2020 were subjected to standard microbiological culture techniques and susceptibility testing. The frequency of isolation and susceptibility profile of the different bacterial pathogens toward various antimicrobial agents were interpreted and analyzed as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's guidelines.
Results Samples from 315 patients were received during the study period comprising of 203 (64.4%) males and 112 (35.5%) females. Of 211 samples which were culture-positive, a total of 245 bacterial isolates were obtained, comprising of 158 Gram-positive cocci and 87 Gram-negative bacilli. Staphylococcus aureus (138, 56.3%) was the most common isolate followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41, 16.7%) and Escherichia coli (16, 6.5%). Methicillin resistance was observed in 24.6% Staphylococcus aureus isolates and carbapenem resistance in 9.5 to 14.6% Gram-negative bacilli.
Conclusions Study findings emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of cutaneous pemphigus lesions for appropriate choice of antimicrobial therapy.
Understanding the Constraints and Optimization of Serum Immunofixation Electrophoresis and Serum Free Light Chains for Detecting Monoclonal Proteins: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Shastri Malvika , Malhotra Pankaj , Kaur Harvinder , Aggarwal Ritu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction Serum immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE) and serum free light chain (SFLC) assay are imperative investigations in diagnosis and follow-up of multiple myeloma (MM). SFLC assays are reported to have higher sensitivity than SIFE. However, discrepancies have been reported between them. The current study was aimed at assessing concordance and discordance between SIFE and SFLC results in MM.
Methods A total of 450 observations of both SIFE and SFLC were obtained from treatment-naive and follow-up MM patients.
Results One hundred and twenty-nine (28.7%) values were observed as discordant, that is, positive SIFE with normal SFLC ratio or negative SIFE with abnormal SFLC ratio (p-value < 0.00001). Proportion of discordance was higher in SIFE positive-SFLC normal cases than SIFE negative-SFLC abnormal cases. Discordance was more frequent in follow-up cases.
Conclusion Negative SFLC alone may not be reliable for MM follow-up. Algorithm may be based on SFLC measurements on each follow-up till attainment of normal SFLC ratio. Once SFLC normalizes, follow-up may be done with SIFE. If SIFE is positive, further follow-up with SIFE may be initiated.
Human isotopic evidence from the Guanzhong Basin casts light on a century of agricultural and pastoral interactions at medieval metropolitan Chang’an during sixth century AD
Authors: Sheng Pengfei , Allen Edward , Ma Tian , Dao Yiyuan , Zhang Jianlin , Liu Daiyun , Han Sheng , Meng Hailiang , Wen Shaoqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNoble and commoner in the medieval China capital of Chang’an (modern-day Xi’an) engaged in an intricately intertwined agricultural and pastoral economy. The period represents the peak of the integration of nomadic and agricultural populations in early China. Here we firstly reported human collagen δ13C and δ15N values for eight middle age nobles whose lifespans cover roughly a century (AD 503–604) and who include a Northern Zhou, Emperor Wu (北周武帝) and his consort, Empress A’shina (阿史那皇后). We also consider stable isotopic evidence from nine individuals in commoner burials in the Chang’an region, likewise dating to the sixth century. This century-long dietary profile provides direct archeological evidence for dietary variability at this core metropolitan population. Constructing a comparative model using existing historical human isotopic data (n = 1233) from northern China and its northern Steppe, we find a marked regional divergence in noble and commoner dietary patterns. We trace this back to the considerable variety of agricultural and pastoral dietary practices, likely pointing to different economic and geographic backgrounds of the individuals under study. We argue that a two-way relationship between shifting pastoral and agricultural practices was reflected to separate degrees at the elite and commoner level. This study offers an improved understanding of the multiplicity of dietary patterns and associated lifeways for the metropolitan societies of medieval northern China.
Shear stress induced phase transitions of cubic Eu2O3 under non-hydrostatic pressures
Authors: Jiang Sheng , Zhang Jichao , Yan Shuai 
Published: May 2023

Pressure-induced phase transitions in cubic Eu2O3 subjected to non-hydrostatic conditions have been studied by in situ high-pressure synchrotron angle dispersive x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements up to 30.1 and 43.8 GPa, respectively. Both x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the pressure-induced transition routines of cubic Eu2O3 depend on the nature of stress loading. In contrast to our previous high-pressure studies of cubic Eu2O3 under hydrostatic pressure, where cubic Eu2O3 transforms directly into a hexagonal structure, the x-ray diffraction data show that cubic Eu2O3 begins to transform into the monoclinic phase at a non-hydrostatic pressure of about 4.3 GPa, while the monoclinic to hexagonal phase transition is initiated at about 6.4 GPa. These phase transitions have also been confirmed by Raman spectroscopy; the hexagonal phase is stable up to at least 43.8 GPa; and the material decompressed from high pressures is composed of a monoclinic phase, showing that the cubic Eu2O3 to monoclinic phase transition is irreversible due to the constructive nature. Pressure coefficients of Raman peaks and Grüneisen mode parameters of cubic, monoclinic, and hexagonal phases followed under pressure were determined. Furthermore, this study provides evidence for the shear stress-induced cubic to monoclinic phase transition in cubic Eu2O3 and the corresponding mechanism.
On the formation of the Ei language
Authors: Zeng Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Ei language (or Wu-se) is a mixed language derived from
Chinese and the Kam-Tai languages. This paper focuses on the status of Ei and
its formation process. The ancestors of the Ei people were soldiers and their
families from different ethnic groups, who were sent to the Patrol Division of
E’jing Town, Rong County, Guangxi Province in the Ming Dynasty, some 600 years
ago. They are a multi-ethnic fusion of Chinese, Zhuang, Kam, and Sui peoples.
The Ei language resulted from contact between Chinese and Kam-Tai languages. Its
core words are mainly Kam-Tai, and the commonly-used words are mainly Chinese.
The word order is basically the same as Chinese, and its voiceless sonorants are
consistent with Kam-Sui phonology. The root causes of its formation are the Ei
speakers’ ethnic identity as well as their stable and relatively closed life
circles.
Influence of shell thickness on the thermal stability and melting-like behavior of Al@Fe core–shell nanoparticles from atomistic simulations: a structural and dynamic description
Authors: Cuba-Supanta Gustavo , Pinto-Vergara M Z , Huaman Morales E , Romero Peña M H , Rojas-Tapia J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Core–shell nanoparticles (CSNPs) are a class of functional materials that have received important attention nowadays due to their adjustable properties by a controlled tuning of the core or shell. Understanding the thermal response and structural properties of these CSNPs is relevant to carrying out an analysis regarding their synthesis and application at the nanoscale. The present work is aimed to investigate the shell thickness effect on thermal stability and melting behavior of Al@Fe CSNPs by using molecular dynamics simulations. The results are discussed considering the influence of the Fe shell on the Al nanoparticle and analyzing the effect of different shell thicknesses in Al@Fe CSNPs. In general, calorific curves show a smooth energy decline for temperatures greater than room temperature for different shell thicknesses and sizes, corresponding to the inward and outward atomic movement of Al and Fe atoms, respectively, that produce a mixed Al–Fe nanoalloy. Here, the thermal stability of the Al@Fe nanoparticle is gradually lost passing to a liquid-Al@solid-Fe configuration and reaching a mixed Al–Fe state by an exothermic mechanism. Combining quantities of the atomic diffusion and structural identification, a stepped structural transition of the system is subsequently observed, where the melting-like point was estimated. Furthermore, it is observed that the Al@Fe CSNPs with greater stability are obtained with a thick shell and a large size. The ability to control shell thickness and vary the size opens up attractive opportunities to synthesize a broad range of new materials with tunable catalytic properties.
Solitonic attractors in the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with weak dissipations
Authors: Qi Kai-Yuan , Yao Xian-kun , Zhao Li-Chen , Yang Zhan-Ying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We use the Lagrangian perturbation method to investigate the properties of soliton solutions in the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations subject to weak dissipation. Our study reveals that the two-component soliton solutions act as fixed-point attractors, where the numerical evolution of the system always converges to a soliton solution, regardless of the initial conditions. Interestingly, the fixed-point attractor appears as a soliton solution with a constant sum of the two-component intensities and a fixed soliton velocity, but each component soliton does not exhibit the attractor feature if the dissipation terms are identical. This suggests that one soliton attractor in the coupled systems can correspond to a group of soliton solutions, which is different from scalar cases. Our findings could inspire further discussions on dissipative-soliton dynamics in coupled systems.
Particle orbit description of cyclotron-driven current-carrying energetic electrons in the EXL-50 spherical torus
Authors: Maekawa Takashi , Peng Yueng-Kay Martin , Liu Wenjun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In EXL-50 plasma currents over 100 kA are non-inductively generated and maintained solely by electron cyclotron heating (ECH) power with an efficiency of ∼1 A W−1. These currents are carried by energetic electrons (EEs) in the energy range from several tens of keV up to several hundreds of keV which also account for almost all pressure in plasma. This EE component can be viewed as a large number collection of various periodic orbits of energetic particles. Based on this picture we have developed a method for particle orbit description of the EE component in a typical plasma at

I

P

= 121 kA as analysis target. We use a fluid description as a bridge to describe successfully the EE component as a collection of various passing and trapped orbits in the approximation of monochromatic particle energy with good matching to the flux loop signals. The description has revealed characteristics of passing and trapped particles. Passing particles carry almost all toroidal current, while they account for only 20

%

of total particle number of the EE component. While net current carried by trapped particles is a very small fraction, they account for a major fraction in number and carry a large positive current outside the last closed flux surface (LCFS) and a large negative current inside. As a result, trapped particles redistribute the current from inside of the LCFS to outside both radially and vertically, generating a large vertically elongated cross section in current as well as number density profiles. There is a ridge-like structure along the LCFS in the current density profile, with no such structure in the number density profile. The results suggest that forward passing particles are more advantageous in confinement than backward passing particles. This advantage increases with particle energy and contributes to the current generation observed in EXL-50 experiments.
Influence of growth time on the properties of CdTe thin films grown by electrodeposition using acetate precursor for solar energy application
Authors: Yimamu A U , Afrassa M A , Dejene B F , Echendu O K , Tshabalala K G , Terblans J J , Swart H C , Motloung S J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films were deposited using a two–electrode electrodeposition (ED) configuration from an aqueous acidic solution. The electrolyte solution contains 1 M of cadmium acetate dihydrate (Cd (CH3OO) 2.2H2O) as cadmium precursor and 1 ml of tellurium dioxide (TeO2) as tellurium precursor. The thin films were grown for different deposition times of 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min to investigate the effect of the deposition period on the structural, optical, electrical, surface morphology, elemental composition, and surface roughness properties of the CdTe thin films in both as–deposited and heat–treated forms. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the CdTe thin films have polycrystalline cubic zinc blend, orthorhombic and hexagonal structures. The result confirmed that the cubic phase is dominant and the peak for preferred orientation is along the (111) plane. Ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry study shows that the band gap of the as-deposited thin films varies from (1.41–1.45) eV, and after heat treatment, the band gap decreased to (1.39–1.42) eV. Photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) measurements show that CdTe thin films haven-type conductivity in both as–deposited and annealed forms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the surface morphology of CdTe thin films changed as the deposition period increases. After heat treatment, increase in grain size was observed. Energy–dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis shows that the percentage composition of as–deposited and heat-treated CdTe thin films varied with deposition time. After post–deposition treatment (PDT), the concentration of Te decreased, while that of Cd increased due to recrystallization during annealing. For the film deposited for 120 min, stoichiometric composition of CdTe was observed after heat treatment. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) measurements revealed that the average surface roughness of the thin films varied with deposition time. The maximum average surface roughness was recorded when the film was deposited for 120 min. These results show that the prepared CdTe thin films have potential application as absorber layers in thin film solar cells.
Approach to risk stratification for papillary thyroid carcinoma based on molecular profiling: institutional analysis
Authors: Staubitz Julia I , Müller Celine , Heymans Antonia , Merten Christina , Roos Bianca , Poplawski Alicia , Ludt Annekathrin , Strobl Stephanie , Springer Erik , Schad Arno , Roth Wilfried , Musholt Thomas J , Hartmann Nils 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Currently, treatment recommendations for papillary thyroid carcinoma are not based on the genetic background causing tumourigenesis. The aim of the present study was to correlate the mutational profile of papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinical parameters of tumour aggressiveness, to establish recommendations for risk-stratified surgical treatment.

Method
Papillary thyroid carcinoma tumour tissue of patients undergoing thyroid surgery at the University Medical Centre Mainz underwent analysis of BRAF, TERT promoter and RAS mutational status as well as potential RET and NTRK rearrangements. Mutation status was correlated with clinical course of disease.

Results
One hundred and seventy-one patients operated for papillary thyroid carcinoma were included. The median age was 48 years (range 8–85) and 69 per cent (118/171) of patients were females. One hundred and nine papillary thyroid carcinomas were BRAF-V600E mutant, 16 TERT promotor mutant and 12 RAS mutant; 12 papillary thyroid carcinomas harboured RET rearrangements and two papillary thyroid carcinomas showed NTRK rearrangements. TERT promoter mutant papillary thyroid carcinomas had a higher risk of distant metastasis (OR 51.3, 7.0 to 1048.2, P &lt; 0.001) and radioiodine-refractory disease (OR 37.8, 9.9 to 169.5, P &lt; 0.001). Concomitant BRAF and TERT promoter mutations increased the risk of radioiodine-refractory disease in papillary thyroid carcinoma (OR 21.7, 5.6 to 88.9, P &lt; 0.001). RET rearrangements were associated with a higher count of tumour-affected lymph nodes (OR 7950.9, 233.7 to 270495.7, P &lt; 0.001) but did not influence distant metastasis or radioiodine-refractory disease.

Conclusions
Papillary thyroid carcinoma with concomitant BRAF-V600E and TERT promoter mutations demonstrated an aggressive course of disease, suggesting the need for a more extensive surgical strategy. RET rearrangement-positive papillary thyroid carcinoma did not affect the clinical outcome, potentially obviating the need for prophylactic lymphadenectomy.
Al-induced CsUGT84J2 enhances flavonol and auxin accumulation to promote root growth in tea plants
Authors: Jiang Xiaolan , Lai Sanyan , Kong Dexu , Hou Xiaohan , Shi Yufeng , Fu Zhouping , Liu Yajun , Gao Liping , Xia Tao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Although Al is not necessary or even toxic to most plants, it is beneficial for the growth of tea plants. However, the mechanism through which Al promotes root growth in tea plants remains unclear. In the present study, we found that flavonol glycoside levels in tea roots increased following Al treatment, and the Al-induced UDP glycosyltransferase CsUGT84J2 was involved in this mechanism. Enzyme activity assays revealed that rCsUGT84J2 exhibited catalytic activity on multiple types of substrates, including phenolic acids, flavonols, and auxins in vitro. Furthermore, metabolic analysis with UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS revealed significantly increased flavonol and auxin glycoside accumulation in CsUGT84J2-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, the expression of genes involved in the flavonol pathway as well as in the auxin metabolism, transport, and signaling pathways was remarkably enhanced. Additionally, lateral root growth and exogenous Al stress tolerance were significantly improved in transgenic A. thaliana. Moreover, gene expression and metabolic accumulation related to phenolic acids, flavonols, and auxin were upregulated in CsUGT84J2-overexpressing tea plants but downregulated in CsUGT84J2-silenced tea plants. In conclusion, Al treatment induced CsUGT84J2 expression, mediated flavonol and auxin glycosylation, and regulated endogenous auxin homeostasis in tea roots, thereby promoting the growth of tea plants. Our findings lay the foundation for studying the precise mechanisms through which Al promotes the growth of tea plants.
Genetic parameters for fleece uniformity in alpacas
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Cruz Alan , Morante Renzo , Burgos Alonso , Formoso-Rafferty Nora , Cervantes Isabel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Fiber diameter is the main selection objective and criterion in alpaca breeding programs, but it can vary across anatomic regions of the animal. As fiber diameter is usually registered from a unique sample from the mid side of the body, fiber diameter variability within fleece is never addressed and phenotypic and genetic differences may exist for fleece uniformity in alpaca populations. The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic parameters of fleece uniformity in an alpaca population. Fiber diameters measured in three different locations were used as repeated records of the same animal and studied for fitting a model that considers heterogeneous the residual variance of the model. Also, the logarithm of the standard deviation of the three measures was used as a measure of the fleece variability. Estimate of the additive genetic variance of the environmental variability was 0.43±0.14, enough high to suggest the existence of wide room to select for fleece uniformity. Genetic correlation of the trait with its environmental variability was 0.76±0.13 showing that fleece uniformity will be indirectly selected when aiming to reduce the fiber diameter. In the light of these parameters, and due to the cost of registering and the cost of opportunity, it looks no worthy to include uniformity as a selection criterion in alpaca breeding programs.