bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CuFe2O4@SiO2@L-arginine@Cu(I) as a new magnetically retrievable heterogeneous nanocatalyst with high efficiency for 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles synthesis
Authors: Salehzadeh Fatemeh , Esmkhani Maryam , Zallaghi Mahsa , Javanshir Shahrzad , Dekamin Mohammad G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel magnetic heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized through the immobilization of copper ions onto the l-arginine functionalized CuFe2O4@SiO2. The prepared catalyst was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX). The resulting catalyst was used in the ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles via a one-pot three-component reaction of alkynes, alkyl halides, and sodium azides under green conditions within a short time. The catalyst reusability was investigated after five cycles and no significant loss of activity was observed.
A human–AI collaboration workflow for archaeological sites detection
Authors: Casini Luca , Marchetti Nicolò , Montanucci Andrea , Orrù Valentina , Roccetti Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper illustrates the results obtained by using pre-trained semantic segmentation deep learning models for the detection of archaeological sites within the Mesopotamian floodplains environment. The models were fine-tuned using openly available satellite imagery and vector shapes coming from a large corpus of annotations (i.e., surveyed sites). A randomized test showed that the best model reaches a detection accuracy in the neighborhood of 80%. Integrating domain expertise was crucial to define how to build the dataset and how to evaluate the predictions, since defining if a proposed mask counts as a prediction is very subjective. Furthermore, even an inaccurate prediction can be useful when put into context and interpreted by a trained archaeologist. Coming from these considerations we close the paper with a vision for a Human–AI collaboration workflow. Starting with an annotated dataset that is refined by the human expert we obtain a model whose predictions can either be combined to create a heatmap, to be overlaid on satellite and/or aerial imagery, or alternatively can be vectorized to make further analysis in a GIS software easier and automatic. In turn, the archaeologists can analyze the predictions, organize their onsite surveys, and refine the dataset with new, corrected, annotations.
Impact of shipping emissions regulation on urban aerosol composition changes revealed by receptor and numerical modelling
Authors: Jang Eunhwa , Choi Seongwoo , Yoo Eunchul , Hyun Sangmin , An Joongeon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVarious shipping emissions controls have recently been implemented at both local and national scales. However, it is difficult to track the effect of these on PM2.5 levels, owing to the non-linear relationship that exists between changes in precursor emissions and PM components. Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) identifies that a switch to cleaner fuels since January 2020 results in considerable reductions in shipping-source-related PM2.5, especially sulphate aerosols and metals (V and Ni), not only at a port site but also at an urban background site. CMAQ sensitivity analysis reveals that the reduction of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) further extends to inland areas downwind from ports. In addition, mitigation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in coastal urban areas can be anticipated either from the results of receptor modelling or from CMAQ simulations. The results in this study show the possibility of obtaining human health benefits in coastal cities through shipping emission controls.
Connection between the Tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean and Temperature Anomaly across West Antarctic
Authors: Zhang Ping , Duan Anmin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWest Antarctic and the Antarctic Peninsula have experienced dramatic warming in austral spring since the 1970s. Using observations and the Community Atmosphere Model version 4 (CAM4), this study explores the physical mechanism by which the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean temperature anomaly mode (PIM) affects the dipolar surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies across the West Antarctic in austral spring. The positive phase of the PIM, characterized by positive sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical central-eastern Pacific and western Indian Ocean and negative SSTAs in the Maritime Continent, can generate two branches of stationary Rossby wave trains propagating from the tropical central Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean to the West Antarctic, with an anticyclonic anomaly appearing over the Amundsen Sea. The northerlies advect warmer air to the Ross–Amundsen Seas, but southerlies advect colder air to the Antarctic Peninsula–Weddell Sea, resulting in the dipole of SAT anomalies over the West Antarctic. In this process, the role of tropical central-eastern Pacific SSTAs dominate, and it is amplified by the SSTAs around the Maritime Continent. The SSTAs in the western Indian Ocean combined with the SSTAs over the Maritime Continent further contribute to the western pole of the SAT. Only simulation that includes a prescribed PIM forcing can exactly reproduce the observations of the dipolar SAT response across the West Antarctic, indicating the need to treat the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans as a unified whole.
The important role of African emissions reductions in projected local rainfall changes
Authors: Shindell Drew , Parsons Luke , Faluvegi Greg , Hicks Kevin , Kuylenstierna Johan , Heaps Charles 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAfrica is highly vulnerable to climate change but emits a small portion of global greenhouse gases. Additionally, decarbonization might lead to a ‘climate penalty’ whereby reductions in cooling aerosols offset temperature benefits from CO2reductions for several decades. However, climate change impacts conditions other than temperatures, including precipitation. Using the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies climate model, we find that although African emissions cuts have weak impacts on projected African temperatures, they significantly impact rainfall. Whereas business-as-usual increasing emissions lead to substantial drying over tropical Northern Hemisphere Africa during local summer, that drying is essentially eliminated under a sustainable development pathway. The reduction in cooling aerosols is responsible for ~33–90% of the avoided drying in our model, with the remainder largely attributable to reduced absorbing aerosols. African policy choices may therefore greatly reduce regional African summer drying, giving parts of Africa substantial leverage over their own climate and air quality future.
An extratropical window of opportunity for subseasonal prediction of East Asian summer surface air temperature
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhu Tao , Vitart Frederic 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that boreal summer intraseasonal variations along the subtropical westerly jet (SJ), featuring quasi-biweekly periodicity, frequently modulate downstream subseasonal variations over East Asia (EA). Based on subseasonal hindcasts from six dynamical models, this study discovered that the leading two–three-week prediction skills for surface air temperature (SAT) are significantly higher in summer with stronger intraseasonal oscillation along the SJ, which are best demonstrated over the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Basin, and North China. The reasons are that the enhanced quasi-biweekly wave and its energy dispersion along the SJ cause more regular quasi-biweekly periodic variations of downstream SAT, which potentially increase regional predictability. This study suggests that the strengthened intraseasonal periodic signals along the SJ would enhance the subseasonal predictability in downstream regions, which could provide a window of opportunity for achieving better subseasonal prediction for EA SAT.
Deep learning generates synthetic cancer histology for explainability and education
Authors: Dolezal James M. , Wolk Rachelle , Hieromnimon Hanna M. , Howard Frederick M. , Srisuwananukorn Andrew , Karpeyev Dmitry , Ramesh Siddhi , Kochanny Sara , Kwon Jung Woo , Agni Meghana , Simon Richard C. , Desai Chandni , Kherallah Raghad , Nguyen Tung D. , Schulte Jefree J. , Cole Kimberly , Khramtsova Galina , Garassino Marina Chiara , Husain Aliya N. , Li Huihua , Grossman Robert , Cipriani Nicole A. , Pearson Alexander T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence methods including deep neural networks (DNN) can provide rapid molecular classification of tumors from routine histology with accuracy that matches or exceeds human pathologists. Discerning how neural networks make their predictions remains a significant challenge, but explainability tools help provide insights into what models have learned when corresponding histologic features are poorly defined. Here, we present a method for improving explainability of DNN models using synthetic histology generated by a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). We show that cGANs generate high-quality synthetic histology images that can be leveraged for explaining DNN models trained to classify molecularly-subtyped tumors, exposing histologic features associated with molecular state. Fine-tuning synthetic histology through class and layer blending illustrates nuanced morphologic differences between tumor subtypes. Finally, we demonstrate the use of synthetic histology for augmenting pathologist-in-training education, showing that these intuitive visualizations can reinforce and improve understanding of histologic manifestations of tumor biology.
Stimulus-independent and stimulus-dependent neural networks underpin placebo analgesia responsiveness in humans
Authors: Crawford Lewis S. , Meylakh Noemi , Macey Paul M. , Macefield Vaughan G. , Keay Kevin A. , Henderson Luke A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe neural circuits that regulate placebo analgesia responsivity are unknown, although engagement of brainstem pain modulatory regions is likely critical. Here we show in 47 participants that differences are present in neural circuit connectivity’s in placebo responders versus non-responders. We distinguish stimulus-independent and stimulus-dependent neural networks that display altered connections between the hypothalamus, anterior cingulate cortex and midbrain periaqueductal gray matter. This dual regulatory system underpins an individual’s ability to mount placebo analgesia.
Direct access to polycyclic imidazolium salts via decarboxylative condensation of α-enaminones with proline
Authors: Simha Yuval , Daniels Gil , Goldman Amalya , Kuniavsky Elihay , Tsvelikhovsky Dmitry 
Published: May 2023

A new catalyst-, metal-, and Lewis acid-free strategy for direct access to fully substituted polycyclic imidazolium salts, based on the interaction of α-enaminones with proline in the presence of a variety of counter-ions, is reported.
Chemical–Physical Characterization of PET-G-Based Material for Orthodontic Use: Preliminary Evaluation of micro-Raman Analysis
Authors: Nicita Fabiana , D'Amico Cesare , Filardi Vincenzo , Spadaro Donatella , Aquilio Emidio , Mancini Maura , Fiorillo Luca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives Orthodontic treatment with clear thermoplastic aligners is in great demand by patients especially for aesthetics. Any alterations in the chemical composition of the thermoplastic material for aligners, subjected to the oral environment and exposure to various commonly used substances, could influence the desired orthodontic movement decreasing the predictability of the treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical–physical characterization by micro-Raman spectroscopy of a thermoplastic material based on polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) used for the manufacture of Lineo aligners (Micerium Lab, Avegno, Italy) subjected to different staining beverages and cleaning agents.
Materials and Methods Twenty-two thermoformed PET-G samples were immersed to various substances of daily use for 10 and 15 days (coffee, tea, Coca-Cola, red wine, colloidal silver disinfectant, nicotine, artificial saliva, cigarette smoke, and different combinations of saliva with some of the previous solutions). Subsequently, the chemical–physical characterization was investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy.
Results The analysis of the spectra acquired for all the specimens showed no difference in the exposure to the different solvents at 10 and 15 days. Furthermore, having ascertained the heterogeneous surface morphology of the PET-G material due to thermoforming, various deposits were present on all the samples whose consistency and concentration depended on the substance used.
Conclusion The spectroscopic investigations have provided a precise and detailed analysis of the qualitative and structural data of the PET-G material under examination. No significant structural modifications of the thermoplastic polymer were found after immersion in different solutions in the exposure times adopted.
Agreement of and discussion with clients about Undetectable equals Untransmissible among general practitioners in Australia: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Wu Jason , Fairley Christopher K. , Grace Daniel , Chow Eric P. F. , Ong Jason J. 
Published: May 2023

Background The message of undetectable HIV viral load equals untransmissible (U=U) is important to reduce HIV stigma. We examined Australian general practitioner (GP)s’ agreement of and discussion with clients about U=U. Methods We conducted an online survey through GP networks from April to October 2022. All GPs working within Australia were eligible. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with: (1) agreement of U=U; and (2) discussing U=U with clients. Results Of 703 surveys, 407 were included in the final analysis. Mean age was 39.7 years (s.d.: 8.4). Most GPs (74.2%, n = 302) agreed with U=U, but only 33.9% (n = 138) had ever discussed U=U with clients. Key barriers to discussing U=U were lack of relevant client presentations (48.7%), lack of understanding about U=U (39.9%), and difficulty identifying those who would benefit from U=U (6.6%). Agreement with U=U was associated with greater odds of discussing U=U (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.33–9.68), younger age (AOR 0.96 per additional year of age, 95%CI: 0.94–0.99), and extra training in sexual health (AOR 1.96, 95%CI: 1.11–3.45). Discussing U=U was associated with younger age (AOR 0.97, 95%CI: 0.94–1.00), extra training with sexual health (AOR 1.93, 95%CI: 1.17–3.17), and negatively associated with working in a metropolitan or suburban area (AOR 0.45, 95%CI: 0.24–0.86). Conclusion Most GPs agreed with U=U, but most had not discussed U=U with their clients. Concerningly, one in four GPs were neutral or disagreed with U=U, suggesting that further qualitative research to understand this finding, and implementation research to promote U=U among Australian GPs, is urgently needed.
Calibration of cell-free DNA measurements by next-generation sequencing
Authors: Hoerres Derek , Dai Qunsheng , Elmore Sandra , Sheth Siddharth , Gupta Gaorav P , Kumar Sunil , Gulley Margaret L 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Accurate monitoring of disease burden depends on accurate disease marker quantification. Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a promising technology for noninvasive monitoring, plasma cell-free DNA levels are often reported in misleading units that are confounded by non–disease-related factors. We proposed a novel strategy for calibrating NGS assays using spiked normalizers to improve precision and to promote standardization and harmonization of analyte concentrations.

Methods
In this study, we refined our NGS protocol to calculate absolute analyte concentrations to (1) adjust for assay efficiency, as judged by recovery of spiked synthetic normalizer DNAs, and (2) calibrate NGS values against droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). As a model target, we chose the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome. In patient (n = 12) and mock (n = 12) plasmas, NGS and 2 EBV ddPCR assays were used to report EBV load in copies per mL of plasma.

Results
Next-generation sequencing was equally sensitive to ddPCR, with improved linearity when NGS values were normalized for spiked DNA read counts (R2 = 0.95 for normalized vs 0.91 for raw read concentrations). Linearity permitted NGS calibration to each ddPCR assay, achieving equivalent concentrations (copies/mL).

Conclusions
Our novel strategy for calibrating NGS assays suggests potential for a universal reference material to overcome biological and preanalytical variables hindering traditional NGS strategies for quantifying disease burden.
Locally recurrent rectal cancer: Oncological outcomes for patients with a pathological complete response after neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Nordkamp Stefi , Piqeur Floor , van den Berg Kim , Tolenaar Jip L , van Hellemond Irene E G , Creemers Geert-Jan , Roef Mark , van Lijnschoten Gesina , Cnossen Jeltsje S , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A P , Bloemen Johanne G , Coolen Liën , Nederend Joost , Peulen Heike M U , Rutten Harm J T , Burger Jacobus W A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
For patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer, it is an ongoing pursuit to establish factors predicting or improving oncological outcomes. In locally advanced rectal cancer, a pCR appears to be associated with improved outcomes. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to compare the oncological outcomes of patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer with and without a pCR.

Methods
Patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment and surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer with curative intent between January 2004 and June 2020 at a tertiary referral hospital were analysed. Primary outcomes included overall survival, disease-free survival, metastasis-free survival, and local re-recurrence-free survival, stratified according to whether the patient had a pCR.

Results
Of a total of 345 patients, 51 (14.8 per cent) had a pCR. Median follow-up was 36 (i.q.r. 16–60) months. The 3-year overall survival rate was 77 per cent for patients with a pCR and 51.1 per cent for those without (P &lt; 0.001). The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 56 per cent for patients with a pCR and 26.1 per cent for those without (P &lt; 0.001). The 3-year local re-recurrence-free survival rate was 82 and 44 per cent respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Surgical procedures (for example soft tissue, sacrum, and urogenital organ resections) and postoperative complications were comparable between patients with and without a pCR.

Conclusion
This study showed that patients with a pCR have superior oncological outcomes to those without a pCR. It may therefore be safe to consider a watch-and-wait approach in highly selected patients, potentially improving quality of life by omitting extensive surgical procedures without compromising oncological outcomes.
Association between incident depression and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhu Nanbo , Virtanen Suvi , Xu Hong , Carrero Juan Jesús , Chang Zheng 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Depression is highly prevalent and related to increased morbidity and mortality in patients on dialysis, but less is known among patients with earlier stages of CKD. This study investigated the associations between depression and clinical outcomes in patients with CKD not receiving dialysis.

Methods
We identified 157 398 adults with CKD stages 3–5 not previously diagnosed with depression from the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project. The primary outcomes included hospitalization, CKD progression (&gt;40% decline in eGFR, initiation of kidney replacement therapy, or death due to CKD), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death), and all-cause mortality. Survival analyses were used to estimate the associations between incident depression and adverse health outcomes, adjusting for socio-demographics, kidney disease severity, healthcare utilization, comorbidities, and concurrent use of medications.

Results
During a median follow-up of 5.1 (interquartile range: 2.3–8.5) years, 12 712 (8.1%) patients received an incident diagnosis of depression. A total of 634 471 hospitalizations (4 600 935 hospitalized days), 42 866 MACEs, and 66 635 deaths were recorded, and 9795 individuals met the criteria for CKD progression. In the multivariable-adjusted analyses, incident depression was associated with an elevated rate of hospitalized days [rate ratio: 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71–1.83], as well as an increased rate of CKD progression [hazard ratio (HR): 1.38, 95% CI: 1.28–1.48], MACE (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.18–1.27), and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.37–1.45). The association with CKD progression was more evident after one year of depression diagnosis (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.36–1.59). Results were robust across a range of sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion
Among patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD stages 3–5, incident depression is associated with poor prognosis, including hospitalization, CKD progression, MACE, and all-cause mortality.
Hybrid atrial fibrillation ablation: long-term outcomes from a single-centre 10-year experience
Authors: Pannone Luigi , Mouram Sahar , Della Rocca Domenico Giovanni , Sorgente Antonio , Monaco Cinzia , Del Monte Alvise , Gauthey Anaïs , Bisignani Antonio , Kronenberger Rani , Paparella Gaetano , Ramak Robbert , Overeinder Ingrid , Bala Gezim , Almorad Alexandre , Ströker Erwin , Sieira Juan , Brugada Pedro , Chierchia Gian Battista , La Meir Mark , de Asmundis Carlo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Hybrid atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is a promising approach in non-paroxysmal AF. The aim of this study is to assess the long-term outcomes of hybrid ablation in a large cohort of patients after both an initial and as a redo procedure.

Methods and results
All consecutive patients undergoing hybrid AF ablation at UZ Brussel from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Hybrid AF ablation was performed in a one-step procedure: (i) thoracoscopic ablation followed by (ii) endocardial mapping and eventual ablation. All patients received PVI and posterior wall isolation. Additional lesions were performed based on clinical indication and physician judgement. Primary endpoint was freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATas). A total of 120 consecutive patients were included, 85 patients (70.8%) underwent hybrid AF ablation as first procedure (non-paroxysmal AF 100%), 20 patients (16.7%) as second procedure (non-paroxysmal AF 30%), and 15 patients (12.5%) as third procedure (non-paroxysmal AF 33.3%). After a mean follow-up of 62.3 months ± 20.3, a total of 63 patients (52.5%) experienced ATas recurrence. Complications occurred in 12.5% of patients. There was no difference in ATas between patients undergoing hybrid as first vs. redo procedure (P = 0.53). Left atrial volume index and recurrence during blanking period were independent predictors of ATas recurrence.

Conclusion
In a large cohort of patients undergoing hybrid AF ablation, the survival from ATas recurrence was 47.5% at ≈5 years follow-up. There was no difference in clinical outcomes between patients undergoing hybrid AF ablation as first procedure or as a redo.