bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Seasonal Cycle of the Eastern Boundary Currents of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre
Authors: Pérez‐Hernández M. D. , Hernández‐Guerra A. , Cana‐Cascallar L. , Arumí‐Planas C. , Caínzos V. , González‐Santana A. J. , Gutiérrez‐Guerra M. Á. , Martínez‐Marrero A. , Mosquera Giménez Á. , Presas Navarro C. , Santana‐Toscano D. , Vélez‐Belchí P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFor the first time, four dedicated hydrographic cruises—one in each season—took place in 2015 around the Canary Islands to determine the seasonality of the flows at the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. The Canary Current (CC) is the eastern boundary current of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre and links the Azores Current with the North Equatorial Current. The 2015 estimations show that the CC has a seasonal behavior in its path and strength, flowing on its easternmost position in winter (3.4 ± 0.3 Sv), through the Canary Islands in spring (2.1 ± 0.7 Sv) and summer (2.0 ± 0.6 Sv) and on its westernmost position in fall (3.2 ± 0.4 Sv). At the Lanzarote Passage (LP), the dominant flow is southward except in fall, where a northward transport is observed at the surface (1.1 ± 0.3 Sv) and intermediate (1.3 ± 0.2 Sv) layers. Combining all the available transport estimations, a historical composite observational seasonal cycle is constructed which fits the 2015 seasonal cycle. Hence, a solid seasonal cycle is constructed supported by all the available observations in the area. The LP seasonal cycle and its seasonal amplitude match the seasonal cycle and amplitude of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) measured by the RAPID‐MOCHA data array. These results indicate that the seasonal cycle of the AMOC of the RAPID‐MOCHA data array is driven by the dynamics of the eastern boundary current system.
Water Age Dynamics in Plant Transpiration: The Effects of Climate Patterns and Rooting Depth
Authors: Luo Zidong , Nie Yunpeng , Chen Hongsong , Guan Huade , Zhang Xinping , Wang Kelin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWater ages in plant transpiration reveal important processes of water dynamics in soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum, which is regulated by water variability and availability in both precipitation inputs and root zone. However, the impacts of climate patterns and rooting depth on water age dynamics in transpiration are inadequately investigated. In this study, variations in root‐zone water replenishment are estimated based on stable isotope compositions of precipitation and plant xylem water, and a piecewise linear mixing water age model is employed to quantify water ages in plant transpiration under five different climates. The results show that water ages in transpiration are very dynamic in all climates with a range between 1 and 229 days. Water replenishments in the root‐zone reveal whether and how much precipitation enters the root zone. Climate patterns control median (mean) water age in plant transpiration but modified by rooting depth. In wet climates, plants mainly rely on water source that originates from precipitation in the current month (accounting for about 60% on average of their water sources), while plants in dry climates largely rely on water source that originates from precipitation fallen on previous months/seasons. These indicate that climate has profound impacts on plant water source by regulating precipitation inputs, root zone water storage and residence time, and evapotranspiration. Despite the limitations of this study, our study provides an alternative way to reveal the precipitation partitioning in root‐zone and seasonal changes in plant water use of precipitation, which highlights different vegetation responses to water variability between climate types.
Urban Surface Thermal Runoff Generation Mechanism and Scenario Simulation
Authors: Luo Yi , Zhang Yang , Yang Kun , Zhou Xiaolu , Peng Zongqi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen precipitation happens in summer, the thermal runoff from impervious surfaces flow into urban lakes, causing the rise of the surface water temperature. Such a process eventually leads to the short‐term effects of cyanobacteria blooms in eutrophic lakes and the long‐term effects of changes in the structure and quantity of lake species. It is of great scientific significance to understand the heat exchange process between surface air, underlying surface, and surface runoff and reveal the thermal runoff formation mechanism. In this study, the heat transfer models between land, surface‐air, and surface‐water were implemented, aiming to quantify the heating process of surface runoff caused by surface heat load under real conditions. The results show that the two established models can accurately simulate the heat exchange process. Based on our model simulations and field measurements, we analyzed the impact of weather conditions, hydrological conditions, and underlying surface types on runoff temperature. The study finds that the initial surface temperature, wind speed, rainfall intensity, thermal conductivity, and the underlying surface's water permeability can explain 95.4% and 91.9% of the observed differences in surface runoff heating and temperature increase rate, respectively. The initial surface temperature is the most critical factor in the heat exchange process. The reduction of urban ventilation will aggravate the heat effect of surface runoff. Compared with the underlying permeable surface, the impervious surface is the main driving force for the formation of surface thermal runoff pollution.
How can general dental practitioners help in the management of sleep apnoea?
Authors: Parmenter David , Millar Brian J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the aetiology, prevalence and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and highlights the important role general dental practitioners can perform in improving the quality of life of patients suffering from OSA. Clinical and laboratory stages of making a mandibular advancement appliance are also highlighted.Members of the dental team have a duty of care to our patients. The earlier undiagnosed cases of OSA are referred for treatment, the less morbidity and potential mortality endured by patients.After reading this article, the reader should have a greater understanding of OSA, how to identify symptoms of the condition in patients and be confident in referring patients to appropriate healthcare professionals.
Homogenous TP53mut-associated tumor biology across mutation and cancer types revealed by transcriptome analysis
Authors: Romanovsky Eva , Kluck Klaus , Ourailidis Iordanis , Menzel Michael , Beck Susanne , Ball Markus , Kazdal Daniel , Christopoulos Petros , Schirmacher Peter , Stiewe Thorsten , Stenzinger Albrecht , Budczies Jan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. While no TP53-targeting drugs have been approved in the USA or Europe so far, preclinical and clinical studies are underway to investigate targeting of specific or all TP53 mutations, for example, by restoration of the functionality of mutated TP53 (TP53mut) or protecting wildtype TP53 (TP53wt) from negative regulation. We performed a comprehensive mRNA expression analysis in 24 cancer types of TCGA to extract (i) a consensus expression signature shared across TP53 mutation types and cancer types, (ii) differential gene expression patterns between tumors harboring different TP53 mutation types such as loss of function, gain of function or dominant-negative mutations, and (iii) cancer-type-specific patterns of gene expression and immune infiltration. Analysis of mutational hotspots revealed both similarities across cancer types and cancer type-specific hotspots. Underlying ubiquitous and cancer type-specific mutational processes with the associated mutational signatures contributed to explaining this observation. Virtually no genes were differentially expressed between tumors harboring different TP53 mutation types, while hundreds of genes were over- and underexpressed in TP53mut compared to TP53wt tumors. A consensus list included 178 genes that were overexpressed and 32 genes that were underexpressed in the TP53mut tumors of at least 16 of the investigated 24 cancer types. In an association analysis of immune infiltration with TP53 mutations in 32 cancer subtypes, decreased immune infiltration was observed in six subtypes, increased infiltration in two subtypes, a mixed pattern of decreased and increased immune cell populations in four subtypes, while immune infiltration was not associated with TP53 status in 20 subtypes. The analysis of a large cohort of human tumors complements results from experimental studies and supports the view that TP53 mutations should be further evaluated as predictive markers for immunotherapy and targeted therapies.
Bi-terminal fusion of intrinsically-disordered mussel foot protein fragments boosts mechanical strength for protein fibers
Authors: Li Jingyao , Jiang Bojing , Chang Xinyuan , Yu Han , Han Yichao , Zhang Fuzhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrobially-synthesized protein-based materials are attractive replacements for petroleum-derived synthetic polymers. However, the high molecular weight, high repetitiveness, and highly-biased amino acid composition of high-performance protein-based materials have restricted their production and widespread use. Here we present a general strategy for enhancing both strength and toughness of low-molecular-weight protein-based materials by fusing intrinsically-disordered mussel foot protein fragments to their termini, thereby promoting end-to-end protein-protein interactions. We demonstrate that fibers of a ~60 kDa bi-terminally fused amyloid-silk protein exhibit ultimate tensile strength up to 481 ± 31 MPa and toughness of 179 ± 39 MJ*m−3, while achieving a high titer of 8.0 ± 0.70 g/L by bioreactor production. We show that bi-terminal fusion of Mfp5 fragments significantly enhances the alignment of β-nanocrystals, and intermolecular interactions are promoted by cation-π and π-π interactions between terminal fragments. Our approach highlights the advantage of self-interacting intrinsically-disordered proteins in enhancing material mechanical properties and can be applied to a wide range of protein-based materials.
Centennial scale sequences of environmental deterioration preceded the end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Saito Ryosuke , Wörmer Lars , Taubner Heidi , Kaiho Kunio , Takahashi Satoshi , Tian Li , Ikeda Masayuki , Summons Roger E. , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe exact drivers for the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) remain controversial. Here we focus on a ~10,000 yr record from the marine type section at Meishan, China, preceding and covering the onset of the EPME. Analyses of polyaromatic hydrocarbons at sampling intervals representing 1.5–6.3 yr reveal recurrent pulses of wildfires in the terrestrial realm. Massive input pulses of soil-derived organic matter and clastic materials into the oceans are indicated by patterns of C2-dibenzofuran, C30 hopane and aluminum. Importantly, in the ~2,000 years preceding the main phase of the EPME, we observe a clearly defined sequence of wildfires, soil weathering, and euxinia provoked by the fertilization of the marine environment with soil-derived nutrients. Euxinia is indicated by sulfur and iron concentrations. Our study suggests that, in South China, centennial scale processes led to a collapse of the terrestrial ecosystem ~300 yr (120–480 yr; ± 2 s.d.) before the onset of the EPME and that this collapse induced euxinic conditions in the ocean, ultimately resulting in the demise of marine ecosystems.
SynDLP is a dynamin-like protein of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with eukaryotic features
Authors: Gewehr Lucas , Junglas Benedikt , Jilly Ruven , Franz Johannes , Zhu Wenyu Eva , Weidner Tobias , Bonn Mischa , Sachse Carsten , Schneider Dirk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDynamin-like proteins are membrane remodeling GTPases with well-understood functions in eukaryotic cells. However, bacterial dynamin-like proteins are still poorly investigated. SynDLP, the dynamin-like protein of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, forms ordered oligomers in solution. The 3.7 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of SynDLP oligomers reveals the presence of oligomeric stalk interfaces typical for eukaryotic dynamin-like proteins. The bundle signaling element domain shows distinct features, such as an intramolecular disulfide bridge that affects the GTPase activity, or an expanded intermolecular interface with the GTPase domain. In addition to typical GD-GD contacts, such atypical GTPase domain interfaces might be a GTPase activity regulating tool in oligomerized SynDLP. Furthermore, we show that SynDLP interacts with and intercalates into membranes containing negatively charged thylakoid membrane lipids independent of nucleotides. The structural characteristics of SynDLP oligomers suggest it to be the closest known bacterial ancestor of eukaryotic dynamin.
Homology directed telomere clustering, ultrabright telomere formation and nuclear envelope rupture in cells lacking TRF2B and RAP1
Authors: Rai Rekha , Biju Kevin , Sun Wenqi , Sodeinde Tori , Al-Hiyasat Amer , Morgan Jaida , Ye Xianwen , Li Xueqing , Chen Yong , Chang Sandy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDouble-strand breaks (DSBs) due to genotoxic stress represent potential threats to genome stability. Dysfunctional telomeres are recognized as DSBs and are repaired by distinct DNA repair mechanisms. RAP1 and TRF2 are telomere binding proteins essential to protect telomeres from engaging in homology directed repair (HDR), but how this occurs remains unclear. In this study, we examined how the basic domain of TRF2 (TRF2B) and RAP1 cooperate to repress HDR at telomeres. Telomeres lacking TRF2B and RAP1 cluster into structures termed ultrabright telomeres (UTs). HDR factors localize to UTs, and UT formation is abolished by RNaseH1, DDX21 and ADAR1p110, suggesting that they contain DNA-RNA hybrids. Interaction between the BRCT domain of RAP1 and KU70/KU80 is also required to repress UT formation. Expressing TRF2∆B in Rap1–/– cells resulted in aberrant lamin A localization in the nuclear envelope and dramatically increased UT formation. Expressing lamin A phosphomimetic mutants induced nuclear envelope rupturing and aberrant HDR-mediated UT formation. Our results highlight the importance of shelterin and proteins in the nuclear envelope in repressing aberrant telomere-telomere recombination to maintain telomere homeostasis.
A distributed and efficient population code of mixed selectivity neurons for flexible navigation decisions
Authors: Kira Shinichiro , Safaai Houman , Morcos Ari S. , Panzeri Stefano , Harvey Christopher D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDecision-making requires flexibility to rapidly switch one’s actions in response to sensory stimuli depending on information stored in memory. We identified cortical areas and neural activity patterns underlying this flexibility during virtual navigation, where mice switched navigation toward or away from a visual cue depending on its match to a remembered cue. Optogenetics screening identified V1, posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) as necessary for accurate decisions. Calcium imaging revealed neurons that can mediate rapid navigation switches by encoding a mixture of a current and remembered visual cue. These mixed selectivity neurons emerged through task learning and predicted the mouse’s choices by forming efficient population codes before correct, but not incorrect, choices. They were distributed across posterior cortex, even V1, and were densest in RSC and sparsest in PPC. We propose flexibility in navigation decisions arises from neurons that mix visual and memory information within a visual-parietal-retrosplenial network.
Advancing research on compound weather and climate events via large ensemble model simulations
Authors: Bevacqua Emanuele , Suarez-Gutierrez Laura , Jézéquel Aglaé , Lehner Flavio , Vrac Mathieu , Yiou Pascal , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocietally relevant weather impacts typically result from compound events, which are rare combinations of weather and climate drivers. Focussing on four event types arising from different combinations of climate variables across space and time, here we illustrate that robust analyses of compound events — such as frequency and uncertainty analysis under present-day and future conditions, event attribution to climate change, and exploration of low-probability-high-impact events — require data with very large sample size. In particular, the required sample is much larger than that needed for analyses of univariate extremes. We demonstrate that Single Model Initial-condition Large Ensemble (SMILE) simulations from multiple climate models, which provide hundreds to thousands of years of weather conditions, are crucial for advancing our assessments of compound events and constructing robust model projections. Combining SMILEs with an improved physical understanding of compound events will ultimately provide practitioners and stakeholders with the best available information on climate risks.
Legionella para-effectors target chromatin and promote bacterial replication
Authors: Schator Daniel , Mondino Sonia , Berthelet Jérémy , Di Silvestre Cristina , Ben Assaya Mathilde , Rusniok Christophe , Rodrigues-Lima Fernando , Wehenkel Annemarie , Buchrieser Carmen , Rolando Monica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLegionella pneumophila replicates intracellularly by secreting effectors via a type IV secretion system. One of these effectors is a eukaryotic methyltransferase (RomA) that methylates K14 of histone H3 (H3K14me3) to counteract host immune responses. However, it is not known how L. pneumophila infection catalyses H3K14 methylation as this residue is usually acetylated. Here we show that L. pneumophila secretes a eukaryotic-like histone deacetylase (LphD) that specifically targets H3K14ac and works in synergy with RomA. Both effectors target host chromatin and bind the HBO1 histone acetyltransferase complex that acetylates H3K14. Full activity of RomA is dependent on the presence of LphD as H3K14 methylation levels are significantly decreased in a ∆lphD mutant. The dependency of these two chromatin-modifying effectors on each other is further substantiated by mutational and virulence assays revealing that the presence of only one of these two effectors impairs intracellular replication, while a double knockout (∆lphD∆romA) can restore intracellular replication. Uniquely, we present evidence for “para-effectors”, an effector pair, that actively and coordinately modify host histones to hijack the host response. The identification of epigenetic marks modulated by pathogens has the potential to lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to counteract bacterial infection and strengthening host defences.
Big Field of View MRI T1w and FLAIR Template - NMRI225
Authors: Kreilkamp Barbara A. K. , Martin Pascal , Bender Benjamin , la Fougère Christian , van de Velden Daniel , Stier Christina , Ethofer Silke , Kotikalapudi Raviteja , Marquetand Justus , Rauf Erik H. , Loose Markus , Focke Niels K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImage templates are a common tool for neuroscience research. Often, they are used for spatial normalization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, which is a necessary procedure for analyzing brain morphology and function via voxel-based analysis. This allows the researcher to reduce individual shape differences across images and make inferences across multiple subjects. Many templates have a small field-of-view typically focussed on the brain, limiting the use for applications requiring detailed information about other extra-cranial structures in the head and neck area. However, there are several applications where such information is important, for example source reconstruction of electroencephalography (EEG) and/or magnetoencephalography (MEG). We have constructed a new template based on 225 T1w and FLAIR images with a big field-of-view that can serve both as target for across subject spatial normalization as well as a basis to build high-resolution head models. This template is based on and iteratively re-registered to the MNI152 space to provide maximal compatibility with the most commonly used brain MRI template.
Afro-TB dataset as a large scale genomic data of Mycobacterium tuberuclosis in Africa
Authors: Laamarti Meriem , El Fathi Lalaoui Yasmine , Elfermi Rachid , Daoud Rachid , El Allali Achraf 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a pathogenic bacterium accountable for 10.6 million new infections with tuberculosis (TB) in 2021. The fact that the genetic sequences of M. tuberculosis vary widely provides a basis for understanding how this bacterium causes disease, how the immune system responds to it, how it has evolved over time, and how it is distributed geographically. However, despite extensive research efforts, the evolution and transmission of MTB in Africa remain poorly understood. In this study, we used 17,641 strains from 26 countries to create the first curated African Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) classification and resistance dataset, containing 13,753 strains. We identified 157 mutations in 12 genes associated with resistance and additional new mutations potentially associated with resistance. The resistance profile was used to classify strains. We also performed a phylogenetic classification of each isolate and prepared the data in a format that can be used for phylogenetic and comparative analysis of tuberculosis worldwide. These genomic data will extend current information for comparative genomic studies to understand the mechanisms and evolution of MTB drug resistance.
ALAN is a computational approach that interprets genomic findings in the context of tumor ecosystems
Authors: Bergom Hannah E. , Shabaneh Ashraf , Day Abderrahman , Ali Atef , Boytim Ella , Tape Sydney , Lozada John R. , Shi Xiaolei , Kerkvliet Carlos Perez , McSweeney Sean , Pitzen Samuel P. , Ludwig Megan , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Drake Justin M. , Dehm Scott M. , Ryan Charles J. , Wang Jinhua , Hwang Justin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGene behavior is governed by activity of other genes in an ecosystem as well as context-specific cues including cell type, microenvironment, and prior exposure to therapy. Here, we developed the Algorithm for Linking Activity Networks (ALAN) to compare gene behavior purely based on patient -omic data. The types of gene behaviors identifiable by ALAN include co-regulators of a signaling pathway, protein-protein interactions, or any set of genes that function similarly. ALAN identified direct protein-protein interactions in prostate cancer (AR, HOXB13, and FOXA1). We found differential and complex ALAN networks associated with the proto-oncogene MYC as prostate tumors develop and become metastatic, between different cancer types, and within cancer subtypes. We discovered that resistant genes in prostate cancer shared an ALAN ecosystem and activated similar oncogenic signaling pathways. Altogether, ALAN represents an informatics approach for developing gene signatures, identifying gene targets, and interpreting mechanisms of progression or therapy resistance.
Transgender Health Care Primer for Clinical Audiologists
Authors: Kirjava Shade Avery 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:Transgender people have been increasingly visible in society. Recent research has indicated that millions of Americans, 0.7% of the total population, identify as transgender. Although transgender people experience all the same auditory and vestibular disorders as people who are not transgender, there is a dearth of information about transgender issues in audiology graduate education and continuing education. The author discusses their positionality as a transgender audiologist and provides guidance on working with transgender patients from their experience and from the published literature.Conclusion:This tutorial provides an overview of transgender identity for clinical audiologists and summarizes the social, legal, and medical landscape of transgender identity as it relates to audiology.