bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' Usage and Attitude Toward Contact Lenses
Authors: AlSaqr AM , Al-Zahrani HA , Alghamdi SK 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aims:
The aim of this study was to explore adolescents' (11–20 years) usage of, beliefs in, attitudes toward, and barriers to contact lens use in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Method:
The study recruited 1252 healthy participants from 20 highly populated schools. The schools were selected at random from middle and high schools in Riyadh. A self-administered contact lens questionnaire was used directed towards glasses usage and contact lens knowledge, usage, attitudes, and barriers.

Result:
A total of 726 of the 1252 participants had refractive errors, and 47% of those wore glasses. The proportion of non-compliance was 24%. One of the main reasons of non-compliance was cosmetic appearance (26%). Fewer than 10% were offered contact lenses for refractive error correction. One hundred and fifty-nine participants used contact lenses, and most obtained them without proper professional consultation. About 90% of contact lens-wearing participants did not sleep with the lenses and about 50% had no complications wearing them.

Conclusion:
The percentage of contact lens users was relatively low. A substantial number of older adolescents and females were found to wear contact lenses, although without proper professional consultation. Knowledge of and attitudes toward contact lenses among adolescents were in acceptable levels. These results gave indications that contact lens usage in adolescents can be achievable and valuable for refractive error correction, especially for those who are non-compliant with glasses.
Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Tukur AR , Mahmud A , Jibril YN , Jalo RI , Salisu Abubakar Danjuma 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a multifocal IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction involving nasal mucosa characterized by excessive sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal stuffiness, and eyes itching. Tympanometry is a simple, rapid, and objective test that can be easily carried out. The use of tympanometry in clinical setting can improve detection of middle ear effusion and other middle ear abnormalities. AR has been found to be one of the predisposing factors to developing Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) in children.

Patients and Methods:
A case–control study was used to determine the prevalence of OME among children with AR as cases and those without allergy as controls. The study participants were children aged 4–12 years with clinical diagnosis of AR attending ENT clinics of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, whereas controls were children age 4–12 years without history of AR, ear diseases, or other respiratory system related ailments attending general outpatient clinics in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. An interviewer-administered score for AR (SFAR) questionnaire was filled out for all the participants, those with score of 6 and above were selected as cases. The two groups had complete ENT examination and tympanometry done, findings were recorded, and analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results:
The mean age of the cases was 6.8 ± 2.1 years, whereas it was 7.5 ± 2.6 years for the controls. The mean difference was 0.7 and was not statistically significant (t = 2.35, df = 258, P value = 0.20). Type B tympanogram suggesting OME was found in 7.3% of subjects and in 2.8% of controls. Type C tympanogram suggesting negative middle ear pressure was found in 15.5% of subjects and in 4.6% of controls. Type A tympanogram suggesting normal middle ear pressure was found in 75% of subjects and in 90% of controls. Acoustic reflex was found to be absent in 29.6% of subjects and in 15.4% of controls and this found to be statistically significant (χ2 = 7.77, df = 1, P value = 0.001). The difference between type A, B, and C tympanograms of subjects and that of controls was found to be statistically significant (Type A χ2 = 14.62, df = 4, P value = 0.01, Type B χ2 = 14.06, df = 4, P value = 0.01, Type C χ2 = 17.01, df = 6, P value = 0.01). Type B tympanogram was used as an indicator to suggest OME for the purpose of this study.

Conclusion:
Participants with AR were found to have more abnormalities of tympanometric parameters and higher prevalence of type B tympanogram suggesting OME than controls.
Measurement of Dental Implant Stability by Two Different Techniques
Authors: Koçak-Büyükdere A , Kayabay G 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To measure dental implant stability by two noninvasive methods which are vibration characteristics of the periodontium Periotest® and resonance frequency analysis Osstell. The objective of this comparative study was to assess the correlation of these 2 techniques in clinic. Materials and Methods: Implant stability of 54 clinically stable unloaded implants in 10 males and females (mean age: 52.05 ± 8.42) was measured in triplicate by Osstell and Periotest®. The measurements were taken first in the same day of the surgery and the second was 4 weeks later. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0 (P < 0.05). Results: The mean values were 75.90 ± 5.13 ISQ for the resonance frequency analysis and − 4.31 ± 1.43 PTVs for Periotest. There was no significant difference in first and the second measurements accordance with gender. However, a significant difference was shown in ratio of percentage change for both PTV and ISQ values in female patients. There was a positive strong correlation between mean percentage changes of PTV and ISQ values (P = 0.811, P = 0.001). The only significant difference between ISQ values and implant length was observed at 4 weeks (P = 0.037).

Conclusions:
Although Periotest® values appear to be more susceptible to clinical conditions, both measuring techniques are applicable in the assessment of implant stability.
Evaluation of the Mode of Failure of Abutments Supporting Implant-Supported Fixed Partial Dentures Via Different Retention Techniques
Authors: Alqahtani F , AlHomidhi M 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
The objective was to in-vitro evaluate the mode of failure of abutments supporting fixed partial dentures (FPDs) via different retention techniques.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six implants with diameter and length of 4.5 and 13 mm, respectively, were used to prepare 18 samples of FPDs. Based on the variations on abutment's design, the FPDs were divided into three groups: Group A is cement-based retention; Group B is screw-based retention; and Group C is multiunit screw-based retention. Using a chewing simulator, cyclic loads of 1,250,000 load cycles with the load of 70N were applied on all samples to simulate 5 years of human functional chewing. The samples were loaded until failure using an electromechanical test machine. Sample-size estimation was done and fracture-load values were recorded as means and corresponding standard deviations; and group comparisons were done using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests. A P value below 0.01 was nominated as an indicator of statistical significance.

Results:
In total, 36 samples (12 implant-abutment connections per group) were assessed. Abutment bending was observed in 6 (50%), 6 (50%) and 6 (50%) samples in groups A, B and C, respectively. De-attachment of the FPD form the abutment occurred in 5 (41.7%) and 5 (41.7%) samples in groups A and C, respectively. Screw fracture and fracture of FPD at the connector side occurred in 1 (8.3%) and 1 (8.3%) sample in groups A and C, correspondingly. Failure of the FPD was more often encountered in groups A (100%) and C (100%), compared to group B (50%).

Conclusion:
All abutments underwent failures under cyclic loading with abutment bending being the most common failure mode. Cement- and multi-screw-supported abutments fail more often than screw-supported abutments.
Emotional Intelligence and Perceived Stress among Female Dental Students at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Zakirulla M , Mustafa MM , Fageeh SN , Alghothimi AA , Kaleem SM , Kota MZ 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
To assess the emotional intelligence and identify the perceived sources of stress among female dental students and interns at King Khalid University College of Dentistry (KKUCOD), to investigate whether specific stressors were related to the year of study and gender, and to evaluate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and perceived stress (PS).

Materials and Methods:
Total of 150 female undergraduates from 5th and 6th years and dental interns were invited to complete a questionnaire using face-to-face interview. Data on EI was collected using a scale developed by Schutte et al. while a modified version of the Dental Environment Stress (DES) was applied to assess the stress perceived by dental students.

Results:
120 students agreed to join the study with a response rate of 84%. Mean EI score for the sample was 120 (SD = 11.56), and the mean PS score was 70.37 (SD = 16.19). One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference between different age groups and the educational, environmental score (P < 0.05). Correlational analysis showed that the PS scale and its factors correlated positively with each other (P < 0.01) and directly with the total EI score (P > 0.01); except for the living accommodation factor, negative correlations with overall EI score were significant.

Conclusion:
The present study showed that female interns and undergraduate students in clinical years of study at College of Dentistry reported higher EI and PS. The educational environmental score was found to be significantly different among different age groups. In contrary to most published literature, a direct association between EI and PS scores was found, except for the living accommodation factor. This might be attributed to the fact that the study was conducted 1 month prior to final exams. Living accommodation, personal factors, educational environment, academic work and clinical factors were identified as significant predictors of PS.
Review of Anterior Submuscular Transposition of Ulnar Nerve for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Ergen E , Ertem K , Karakaplan M , Kavak H , Aslantürk O 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
In this study, we report the results of patients who underwent ulnar nerve submuscular anterior transposition surgery due to cubital tunnel syndrome.

Methods:
Data of 46 patients who underwent anterior submuscular transposition surgery due to cubital tunnel syndrome between January 2010 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-seven patients with preoperative and postoperative complete medical records available and who had completed at least 24 months follow-up were included in the study.

Results:
According to preoperative McGovan staging system, 1 patient was classified as stage 1, 8 were stage 2A, 3 were stage 2B, and 15 were stage 3. The mean follow-up time was 61.4 (35–88) months. The mean DASH score of the patients was calculated as 19 (0–81.81). Mayo elbow performance score was excellent in 13 patients, good in 7, fair in 6, and poor in 1.

Conclusion:
Anterior submuscular transposition of ulnar nerve had resolved symptoms 89% of our patients. The technique is a successful method with a low recurrence and complication rate.
A Rare Case of Raoultella Planticola Peritonitis in a Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patient and Review of the Literature
Authors: Yilmaz U , Kizilates F 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Peritonitis is a common and serious complication of peritoneal dialysis and often primary factor of change over to hemodialysis treatment. Raoultella planticola is known as as environmental bacterium and rarely causes infections in humans. We present a case of peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis due to Raoultella planticola and review the clinical manifestations and treatment options of this microorganism. As far as we know, this is the third case of Raoultella planticola peritonitis in the literature.
Non-Invasive Ductal Carcinoma within Malignant Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast
Authors: Erdogan O , Parlakgumus A , Turan U , Toyran T , Irkorucu O 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Phyllodes tumors are uncommon breast neoplasms that constitute of 1-2% of breast malignancies. The tumor can mimic fibroadenoma clinically, radiologically and histologically. Ductal carcinoma in-situ in the epithelial component of phyllodes tumor is very rare. When ductal carcinoma in-situ is detected within the specimen, the management of treatment changes completely. We report a rare case of low grade ductal carcinoma in-situ arising in a malignant phyllodes tumor in a 55-year-old female patient.
Resistance Training Exercises for Obese and Non-Obese Individuals Living in High-Altitude Regions Utilizing Biochemical Markers—A Controlled Trial
Authors: Ahmad I , Zaman GS , Silvian SP , Alshaharani MS , Ahmad I , Mansuri N , Fayazuddin S 
Published: August 2023

Background:
High-altitude disease prevalence varies according to types of exposure and the effects of hypoxic and hypobaric environments, with the result that people at high altitudes present many different physiological responses.

Aims:
The research aims to analyze the effects of resistance training (RT) exercises at high altitudes on obese subjects and to explain the determinants that make obese people more susceptible to various chronic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma, etc.,

Methods:
This study recruited 225 subjects living in the high-altitude region of Aseer, Saudi Arabia, and divided them into three groups. The first two groups consisted of obese people, out of which one group received RT and one did not. The third group consisted of average-weight individuals, according to their BMI, who received RT. Biochemical parameters were checked for all three groups before commencing with the RT and at the 4th and 8th week to measure the effects of the exercise.

Results:
Mean and standard deviations of the demographic variables: age was 34.2 ± 8.9 years, weight was 69.3 ± 8.5 kg, and height was 1.6 ± 0.06 meters. RT had a significant effect on the total levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, adiponectin, interleukin-6, and testosterone. Post-hoc comparisons using the Fisher's Least Significant Difference test indicated that the mean scores between the groups differed significantly.

Conclusion:
Our findings show that RT would be a useful and practical substitute to improve the health status of obese patients. It helps to decrease body fat and to improve lipid profiles and hormonal control.
Accuracy of Bolton's Analysis among Different Malocclusion Patients Plaster Models and Digital Models Obtained by Ex Vivo Scanning with iTero Scanner in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Jabri M Al , Wu S , Zhang Y , Wang H , Pan Y , Ma J , Wang L 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This investigation aimed to compare the accuracy of Bolton's analysis on plaster models of various malocclusion groups by utilizing digital calipers and iTero scanner.

Materials and Methods:
The data consisted maxillary and mandibular plaster study casts of 61 patients (Class I-20, Class II-20, Class III-21) there were 31 males and 30 females. iTero®element scanner was utilized to scan the models and Bolton's analysis was performed on digital models. Also, the Digital caliper was utilized to perform the Manual measurements. Mesiodistal tooth widths, Anterior and Overall Bolton ratio was measured utilizing OrthoCAD™ software on digital models and plaster models with digital calipers. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing One-way ANOVA and independent T-test.

Results:
Results revealed anterior and overall Bolton ratios showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for the measurements performed utilizing digital models. Anterior ratio for (Group 1) iTero measurements depicted the statistical significant value (P < 0.03) and overall ratio for (Group 2) digital caliper measurements depicted the statistical significant value (P < 0.02).

Conclusion:
With the introduction of intra-oral laser scanners it has become more convenient for the practitioner to perform the intra-oral digital scanning and carry out the model analysis digitally and iTero scanner can also be utilized extra-orally to perform the scanning and model analysis. Our study concludes that intra-oral laser scanner like iTero is more convenient for an orthodontist, and can be utilized for extra-oral scanning of orthodontic dental models as the measurements obtained on digital models was as accurate as the conventional method.
Trauma Patients and Whole-Body Computerized Tomography Imaging
Authors: Kaya FB , Cevik AA , Ozkan B , Koksal A , Ozakin E , Abu-Zidan FM. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
We aimed to study the factors affecting the mortality of trauma patients who underwent whole-body computerized tomography (CT) on Emergency department (ED) time frames in a developing emergency care system. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of adult patients who received WBCT from August to November for two consecutive years (2014 and 2015). Non-parametric statistical methods were used to compare the patients who died and survived. The Backward logistic regression model was used to define factors significantly affecting mortality.

Results:
During 2014, 200 patients out of 827 (24.1%) received WBCT. During 2015, 263 patients out of 951 (27.6%) received WBCT. Four hundred sixteen patients were entered into the analysis. The overall mortality was 3.4% (7% in 2014 and 1% in 2015, P = 0.002). Significant factors found in backward logistic regression model defining factors affecting mortality were ISS (p < 0.0001), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (p = 0.001). CT location (outside the ED in 2014, inside the ED in 2015) showed a very strong trend for affecting mortality (p = 0.054). Patients who had WBCT in the ED had lower ISS (p < 0.0001). CT imaging in the ED decreased ED to CT time 15.5 minutes (p < 0.0001), but admission time was 75.5 minutes longer.

Conclusions:
ISS and GCS were the main factors predicting mortality in patients who received WBCT. Patients received more WBCT imaging and physicians showed a tendency to order WBCT for less severe patients when the CT located in the ED. CT location did not show a significant effect on mortality, but on some operational time frames.
Knowledge about Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Nassar Afnan A. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) has published detailed guidelines and educational documents about Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and infection control. The knowledge of dentists of the reported guidelines is not yet assessed and lack of awareness of these guidelines may have negative implications on dental patients.

Aims:
The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of dentists about COVID-19 and the MOH guidelines while treating dental patients in Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Method:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey which was sent to a sample of dentists in Saudi Arabia from March to May 2020.

Results:
A total of 294 dentists with a mean age of (36.9 ± 10.6) years completed the questionnaire. Participants included 157 females and 137 males with a range of professional classification and experience. All of the participants were aware of COVID-19, the nature of the disease, symptoms, modes of transmission and people at higher risk, except for 7.2% who did not report the correct incubation period. All participants agreed that patients and staff should wear a facial mask, use hydroalcoholic hand sanitizer upon arrival. Only 72.4% had knowledge about published guidelines. Infection control training was provided for 53% of the participants and those who had training were more confident to treat patients. Regarding personal protective equipment (PPE), putting on and taking off PPE, 64.6% and 78.6%, respectively, were aware of the guidelines.

Conclusion:
Dentists in Saudi Arabia had optimal knowledge about COVID-19. However, infection control training is recommended to increase readiness and confidence among dentists.
Does Inflammation Play a Role in the Pathophysiology of Tinnitus?
Authors: Demir M 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
The present study aimed to investigate the potential of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) as prognostic markers in tinnitus patients at inflammatory process.

Methods:
This study consisted of 216 subjects (124 males and 92 females), Routine laboratory CBC test results were calculated in this study. All the patients were divided into three groups according to their hearing thresholds: a high frequency hearing loss-tinnitus group (HFHL-TN) consisted of 55 subjects, an hearing loss in all frequencies tinnitus group (AFHL-TN) consisted of 53 subjects and a normal hearing-tinnitus group (NH-TN) consisted of 51 subjects. The control group (CNT) included 57 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects.

Results:
NLR, PLR and MPV were observed in the HFHL-TN group when compared to AFHL-TN, NH-TN and CNT group (P < 0.001). An increase in NLR was observed in the AFHL-TN group compared with the CNT group (P = 0.004). The PLR value of the HFHL-TN group was significantly higher than that of the AFHL-TN (P = 0.028) and NH-TN, CNT group (P < 0001). The PLR value of the HFHL-TN group was significantly higher than that of the AFHL-TN (p=0.028) and NH-TN, CNT group (P < 0001). MPV values in HFHL-TN group was slightly higher AFHL-TN group and significantly higher than NH-TN (P = 0.025) and CNT (P < 0.001) group.

Conclusion:
Our results confirm that elevated NLR, PLR and MPV values has been suggested to be a useful inflammatuar prognostic biomarker of tinnitus patients.
Individualized Supplement of Folic Acid Based on the Gene Polymorphisms of MTHER/MTRR Reduced the Incidence of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Newborn Defects
Authors: Yang J , Luo G , Chen X 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The association between conventional folic acid supplement (FAS) in pregnancy and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, newborn defects has been proven. However, recent researches have reported a weakened association. Based on the different maternal metabolism capability of folic acid, it's beneficial for clinicians to provide pregnant women with different doses of FAS, that's individualized FAS.

Subjects and Methods:
A total of 2,677 pregnant women in Dazu, Chongqing, China were recruited in this cohort study. 1,539 women volunteered to receive individualized FAS, in which FAS dose increased with the risk level of maternal genotype? specify MTHFR and MTRR (write in full then abbreviate bracket open and close) while 1,138 women received conventional FAS with unified FAS dose. Additionally, 1,964 pregnant women without FAS were retrospectively analyzed as the control. Finally, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes and newborn defects were recorded.

Results:
Based on the genotype of MTHFR and MTRR, women were identified as five risk levels of folic acid metabolism. The distributions of genotype and risk levels were not significantly different between FAS-individualized supplement group and FAS-unified supplement group. However, compared with control or FAS-unified supplement group, the incidence of spontaneous abortion, prolonged pregnancy, premature labor, fetal macrosomia and congenital heart disease were significantly decreased in FAS-individualized supplement group. In subgroup analysis, individualized FAS significantly improved pregnancy outcomes for women between 20-40 years old and inhibited the occurrence of newborn defects in both women of the first gestation and women of ≥2 gestations.

Conclusions:
The application of individualized FAS based on gene polymorphisms was more effective in preventing adverse outcomes in the mother and child.