bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Care Use, Coverage, and Experiences During the Year Prior to Pregnancy in a Primarily Hispanic Population with Low Income: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Nehme Eileen K. , Patel Divya A. , Cortez Dagoberto , Morse Sophie M. , Schuessler Kirkland , Gulbas Lauren E. 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionA qualitative picture of the health care experiences prior to pregnancy can inform patient‐centered strategies to optimize preconception health. This study describes health care utilization and experiences and how health care costs were covered in the year prior to pregnancy in a population of primarily Hispanic women with low income.MethodsPregnant participants were recruited from 5 Federally Qualified Health Center clinics. Semistructured interviews included questions about health care in the year prior to pregnancy. Transcripts were analyzed using a thematic approach that integrated deductive and inductive analysis.ResultsMost participants self‐identified as Hispanic. Just under half were US citizens. All but one were Medicaid or Children's Health Insurance Program Perinatal coverage insurance during pregnancy and relied on a variety of strategies to cover prepregnancy health care costs. Almost all received health care during the year prior to pregnancy. Fewer than half reported an annual preventive visit. Health care needs that led to care‐seeking included a prior pregnancy, chronic depression, contraception, workplace injury, a persistent rash, screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infection, breast pain, stomach pain (leading to gallbladder removal), and kidney infection. The ways in which study participants covered the costs of health care ranged in terms of sources and complexity. Although some participants described stable health care coverage, most reported changes throughout the year as they pieced together various health care coverage programs and out‐of‐pocket payments. When participants did seek health care prior to their current pregnancy, most described the experience in positive terms and focused on health care provider communication quality. Respect of patient autonomy was highly valued.DiscussionWomen with pregnancy‐related health care coverage accessed care for a wide range of health care needs prior to pregnancy. Health care providers may consider strategies to respectfully introduce preconception care into any visit by an individual who could become pregnant.
Risk factors for recurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia after loop electrosurgical excisional procedure in patients with positive margins
Authors: Oh Soo Hyun , Lee Kwang Beom , Shin Jin Woo , Lee Seung Ho 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimLoop electrosurgical excisional procedure (LEEP) is a major treatment method for cervical precancerous lesions. However, recurrence rates were estimated to be 15%, and the risk is increased if a surgical margin is involved by dysplastic cells. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for recurrence of cervical precancerous lesions in patients with positive margins.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who underwent LEEP between 2012 and 2014 and had a positive surgical margin. Clinicopathologic factors were collected, including age, parity, menopausal status, smoking, human papilloma virus infection, results of cytology/biopsy/LEEP, and specimen size and volume.ResultsA total of 117 patients with positive margins were included, and 26 (22.2%) patients had recurrence. According to a multivariate analysis, the recurrence rates were significantly higher in parous women (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–8.49), but positive margins at the exocervix (adjusted HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.17–0.91) and volume ≥4000 mm3 (adjusted HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16–0.82) showed negative correlation.ConclusionsThe risk of recurrence for cervical precancerous lesions increased in patients with a history of previous delivery, positive margin at the endocervix, and specimen volume of LEEP <4000 mm3. These results could help gynecologists determine optimal treatment options for patients with positive margins.
Sex hormones associated with temporomandibular pain on palpation in male adolescents—Results of the epidemiologic LIFE child study
Authors: Hirsch Christian , Schierz Oliver , Körner Antje , Kiess Wieland , Biemann Ronald , Schrock Annett , Türp Jens Christoph 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether the sex steroid precursor hormone dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA‐S), sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone (TT) are associated with temporomandibular (TM) pain on palpation in male adolescents.MethodsOut of the LIFE Child study dataset containing 1022 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years (496 males, 48.5%), we used a subsample of 273 male adolescents (mean age: 13.8 ± 2.3 years) in advanced pubertal development (PD) to analyse the association between hormones and TM pain. The Tanner scale was applied to describe the stage of PD. Pain on palpation of the temporalis and masseter muscles and the TM joints (palpation pain) was assessed using the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Serum levels of sex hormones (DHEA‐S, SHBG and TT) were determined using standardised laboratory analyses. Free TT was estimated from the ratio between TT and SHBG (free androgen index[FAI]). We calculated the risk of perceived positive palpation pain for male participants as a function of hormone levels (DHEA‐S, FAI) taking into account age and body mass index (BMI).ResultsAmong more developed (Tanner stage 4–5) male adolescents, 22.7% (n = 62) reported palpation pain in the TM region. In these participants, FAI levels were approximately half that of individuals without such pain (p < .01). DHEA‐S levels were about 30% lower in the pain group (p < .01). In multivariable regression analyses, the odds ratio (OR) for pain on palpation decreased to 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–0.98) per 10 units of FAI level compared to those without pain, after controlling for the effects of age and adjusted BMI. We observed the same effect for this subgroup per unit of DHEA‐S serum level (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.53–0.94).ConclusionAt subclinical lower levels of serum free TT and DHEA‐S, male adolescents are more likely to report pain on standardised palpation of the masticatory muscles and/or TM joints. This finding supports the hypothesis that sex hormones may influence pain reporting.
Increased genetic diversity and immigration after West Nile virus emergence in American crows: No evidence for a genetic bottleneck
Authors: Townsend Andrea K. , Jones Melissa L. , Chen Nancy , Chivily Caroline , McAndrews Casey , Clark Anne B. , McGowan Kevin J. , Eimes John 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInfectious diseases can cause steep declines in wildlife populations, leading to changes in genetic diversity that may affect the susceptibility of individuals to infection and the overall resilience of populations to pathogen outbreaks. Here, we examine evidence for a genetic bottleneck in a population of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) before and after the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV). More than 50% of marked birds in this population were lost over the 2‐year period of the epizootic, representing a 10‐fold increase in adult mortality. Using analyses of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellite markers, we tested for evidence of a genetic bottleneck and compared levels of inbreeding and immigration in the pre‐ and post‐WNV populations. Counter to expectations, genetic diversity (allelic diversity and the number of new alleles) increased after WNV emergence. This was likely due to increases in immigration, as the estimated membership coefficients were lower in the post‐WNV population. Simultaneously, however, the frequency of inbreeding appeared to increase: Mean inbreeding coefficients were higher among SNP markers, and heterozygosity–heterozygosity correlations were stronger among microsatellite markers, in the post‐WNV population. These results indicate that loss of genetic diversity at the population level is not an inevitable consequence of a population decline, particularly in the presence of gene flow. The changes observed in post‐WNV crows could have very different implications for their response to future pathogen risks, potentially making the population as a whole more resilient to a changing pathogen community, while increasing the frequency of inbred individuals with elevated susceptibility to disease.
Soil erosion variations along land use and land cover dynamics in Matenchose watershed, Rift Valley Basin, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mathewos Markos , Tsegaye Misgena , Wondrade Nigatu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe global community recognizes land use and land cover change (LULC) as a primary cause of ecological modification that has a considerable impact on natural resources, particularly soil and water resources. The aim of this research was to investigate land use change's influences on soil erosion in the Matenchose watershed of Ethiopia in 1991, 2003, and 2020. The maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method was used in the study for supervised image analysis. Soil erosion was estimated using the geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing, and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. According to the LULC data from 1991, the watershed was mostly covered by grassland (35%), while in 2003 and 2020, it was typically enclosed by cultivated land (36%) and (52%), respectively. The watershed's mean annual soil erosion rate grew significantly from 13 t/ha in 1991 to 18 t/ha in 2003 to 21 t/ha in 2020. Based on the current soil loss rate result, the Matenchose watershed was divided into five priority groups for soil management practices. In contrast, the watershed is made up of 2052 ha (21%) of areas with high to very high erosion risk, 3304 ha (33%) of areas with moderate erosion risk, and 2866 ha (29%) of areas with severe erosion risk. Based on the average annual rate of soil erosion, several vital subwatersheds were identified for potential future land management‐related actions. Over the 29 years, the area of grassland and forest decreased while agricultural and settlement areas expanded, and they contributed to the enhanced hazards of soil erosion. Particularly vulnerable to erosion are the watershed's hilly and steeper areas. The identified subwatersheds that are most at risk of erosion should be given priority for upcoming LULC initiatives, proper participatory watershed planning and management, and measures to conserve soil and water to preserve the Matenchose watershed's soil resources.
2. Cervical radicular pain
Authors: Peene Laurens , Cohen Steven P. , Brouwer Brigitte , James Rathmell , Wolff Andre , Van Boxem Koen , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionCervical radicular pain is pain perceived in the upper limb, caused by irritation or compression of a cervical spine nerve, the roots of the nerve, or both.MethodsThe literature on the diagnosis and treatment of cervical radicular pain was retrieved and summarized.ResultsThe diagnosis is made by combining elements from the patient's history, physical examination, and supplementary tests. The Spurling and shoulder abduction tests are the two most common examinations used to identify cervical radicular pain. MRI without contrast, CT scanning, and in some cases plain radiography can all be appropriate imaging techniques for nontraumatic cervical radiculopathy. MRI is recommended prior to interventional treatments. Exercise with or without other treatments can be beneficial. There is scant evidence for the use of paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and neuropathic pain medications such as gabapentin, pregabalin, tricyclic antidepressants, and anticonvulsants for the treatment of radicular pain. Acute and subacute cervical radicular pain may respond well to epidural corticosteroid administration, preferentially using an interlaminar approach. By contrast, for chronic cervical radicular pain, the efficacy of epidural corticosteroid administration is limited. In these patients, pulsed radiofrequency treatment adjacent to the dorsal root ganglion may be considered.ConclusionsThere is currently no gold standard for the diagnosis of cervical radicular pain. There is scant evidence for the use of medication. Epidural corticosteroid injection and pulsed radiofrequency adjacent to the dorsal root ganglion may be considered. [Correction added on 12 June 2023, after first online publication: The preceding sentence was corrected.]
Fine mapping and identification of the candidate gene BoPur for purple head trait in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
Authors: Zhu Xiaowei , Chen Jinxiu , Tai Xiang , Wang Min , Ren Yunying , Bo Tianyue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough purple cabbage becomes more and more popular in recent years, the genetic basis of purple head trait in cabbage has not been well studied. Here, we report the fine mapping and candidate screening of the gene underlying the purple head trait in a cabbage inbred line named G279. Genetic analysis indicated that a single dominant gene, BoPur, controlled the purple head trait. Through fine mapping, the BoPur gene was delimited to a 199.5‐kb region in chromosome 6 between InDel markers BoC06ID48 and BoC06ID53. The InDel marker BoC06ID22 co‐segregated with the purple head trait and can be used for marker‐assisted selection. Bol012528, which shows high homology to Arabidopsis MYB113, appeared to be the best candidate for the BoPur gene. Sequence analysis identified multiple variations in the coding and promoter regions of Bol012528 in G279. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated that the up‐regulation of Bol012528 might enhance the expression of a series of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Taken together, these results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying purple head trait in cabbage.
Oral administration of helminth fluid modulates distinct tuft cell and immune‐metabolic cues linked to reduced body fat
Authors: Andersen Daniel , Moll Janne Marie , Arora Pankaj , Danneskiold‐Samsøe Niels Banhos , Sonne Si Brask , Workman Christopher Thomas , Williams Andrew Richard , Kristiansen Karsten , Brix Susanne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntestinal tuft cells have been shown to induce type 2 immune responses during viable parasite infections, but whether oral supplementation with a parasitic exudate is able to promote type 2 immune responses that have been shown to positively regulate obesogenic metabolic processes is yet unresolved. High‐fat fed mice were gavaged with pseudocoelomic fluid (PCF) derived from the helminth Ascaris suum or saline thrice a week during weeks 5–9, followed by examination of intestinal tuft cell activity, immune, and metabolic parameters. Helminth PCF upregulated expression of distinct genes in small intestinal tuft cells, including genes involved in regulation of RUNX1 and organic cation transporters. Helminth PCF also enhanced levels of innate lymphoid cells in the ileum, and eosinophils in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). Network analyses revealed two distinct immunometabolic cues affected by oral helminth PCF in high‐fat fed mice: one coupling the small intestinal tuft cell responses to the fat‐to‐lean mass ratio and a second coupling eosinophils in eWAT to general regulation of body fat mass. Our findings point to specific mechanisms by which oral supplementation with helminth PCF may translate into systems‐wide effects linking to reduced body and fat mass gain in mice during high‐fat feeding.
Punctuating “Happiness”: Punctuated equilibrium theory and the agenda‐setting of the Gross National Happiness (GNH) policy in Bhutan
Authors: Ugyel Lhawang , Givel Michael , Chophel Dendup 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGross National Happiness (GNH), a concept first introduced by Bhutan, has gained immense traction as an alternate development paradigm to GDP toward achieving wholesome global progress. In this paper, we investigate the origins of the policy of GNH, through the theoretical lens of the punctuated equilibrium theory (PET), and when and how GNH came to the national agenda. By focusing on the year 2008, that is, when Bhutan's Government transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a democratic constitutional monarchy, this paper analyses the key events that serve as policy windows and the policy entrepreneurs responsible for agenda‐setting the policy of GNH. We argue there is a major change, such as, the government changing its form from monarchy to democracy, it is a definitive benchmark as to what punctuation means. In addition to providing a definitive meaning of “punctuation” in public policy, we also identify and discuss the key methodological issues in relation PET and offer explanations through Bhutan's policy of GNH to determine policy punctuation and measuring policy change.
The bilateral birth–death chain generated by the associated Jacobi polynomials
Authors: de la Iglesia Manuel D. , Juarez Claudia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe give a probabilistic interpretation of the associated Jacobi polynomials, which can be constructed from the three‐term recurrence relation for the classical Jacobi polynomials by shifting the integer index n by a real number t. Under certain restrictions, this will give rise to a doubly infinite tridiagonal stochastic matrix, which can be interpreted as the one‐step transition probability matrix of a discrete‐time bilateral birth–death chain with state space on . We also study the unique UL and LU stochastic factorizations of the transition probability matrix, as well as the discrete Darboux transformations and corresponding spectral matrices. Finally, we use all these results to provide an urn model on the integers for the associated Jacobi polynomials.
Geo‐environment‐aware adversarial transfer learning method for landslide susceptibility evaluation of complex mountainous areas
Authors: Zhang Liguo , Zeng Haowei , Ding Yulin , Hu Han , Chen Li , Zhang Junxiao , Zhou Yan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLandslide susceptibility evaluation (LSE) is a critical issue for disaster prevention. Limited by labor cost and observation technology, landslide samples are extremely limited in dense vegetation‐covered and remote areas, making the common supervised learning model underfit with limited samples. Therefore, the reliability of analysis results in mountainous areas is low. Transfer learning can achieve reliable assessment without the need for representative samples. However, transfer learning suffers from environmental heterogeneity in regional LSE and may transfer incorrect classification knowledge of landslide features from dissimilar environments. Aiming at these challenges, we proposed a geo‐environment‐aware LSE method based on unsupervised adversarial transfer learning. The key is to consider the difference in landslide features in different geo‐environments. The study areas were first divided into multiple sub‐environments, and the similarity between the sub‐environments was calculated. Then an environment‐aware adversarial transfer model was built for fine‐grained aligning of the landslide feature with similar sub‐environments and for reducing negative transfer between dissimilar environments. The fitted classification model was employed to predict the target regions and to generate the final LSE. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method achieves reliable LSE for sample‐free regions. The accuracy of the proposed method is 7–12% better than commonly used methods such as support vector machines, random forests, and artificial neural networks. The performance of the proposed method is even close to the results of supervised learning with the presence of representative samples, and it also performs more globally and objectively in susceptibility mapping. These results reveal that the proposed method effectively transfers the knowledge of landslide susceptibility from other regions to the sample‐free region.
Road map to success: Advice for transplant infectious diseases job interviews, negotiation, and early career development
Authors: Harris Courtney E. , Kumar Rebecca N. , Gorsline Chelsea A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransplant infectious diseases is an engaging subspecialty within the field of infectious diseases and poses unique considerations when searching for a job. Here, we present essential considerations for those early in their career when applying for and selecting their employment.
The Arabidopsis DNA glycosylase MBD4L repairs the nuclear genome in vivo
Authors: Torres José Roberto , Lescano López Ignacio , Ayala Ana María , Alvarez María Elena 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYDNA glycosylases remove mispaired or modified bases from DNA initiating the base excision repair (BER) pathway. The DNA glycosylase MBD4 (methyl‐CpG‐binding domain protein 4) has been functionally characterized in mammals, but not yet in plants, where it is called MBD4‐like (MBD4L). Mammalian MBD4 and Arabidopsis recombinant MBD4L excise U and T mispaired with G, as well as 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and 5‐bromouracil (5‐BrU) in vitro. Here, we investigate the ability of Arabidopsis MBD4L to remove some of these substrates from the nuclear genome in vivo in coordination with uracil DNA glycosylase (AtUNG). We found that mbd4l mutants are hypersensitive to 5‐FU and 5‐BrU, as they displayed smaller size, less root growth, and higher cell death than control plants in both media. Using comet assays, we determined BER‐associated DNA fragmentation in isolated nuclei and observed reduced DNA breaks in mbd4l plants under both conditions, but particularly with 5‐BrU. The use of ung and ung x mbd4l mutants in these assays indicated that both MBD4L and AtUNG trigger nuclear DNA fragmentation in response to 5‐FU. Consistently, we here report the nuclear localization of AtUNG based on the expression of AtUNG‐GFP/RFP constructs in transgenic plants. Interestingly, MBD4L and AtUNG are transcriptionally coordinated but display not completely overlapping functions. MBD4L‐deficient plants showed reduced expression of BER genes and enhanced expression of DNA damage response (DDR) gene markers. Overall, our findings indicate that Arabidopsis MBD4L is critical for maintaining nuclear genome integrity and preventing cell death under genotoxic stress conditions.