bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bakteri Anaerob Clostridium botulinum dan Toksin yang Dihasilkannya
Authors: Tjampakasari Conny Riana , Hanifah Rifdah 
Published: March 2023

C. botulinum adalah salah satu bakteri paling patogen karena dapat menghasilkan botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) yang mematikan. Terdapat 3 jenis botulisme, yaitu botulisme keracunan makanan, botulisme inhalasi, dan botulisme luka. Meskipun kejadian botulisme jarang, namun harus diwaspadai karena cukup fatal. Sebagian besar kasus botulisme pada manusia disebabkan oleh makanan kaleng yang dipersiapkan di rumah. Isolasi dan identifikasi C. botulinum dapat dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan pewarnaan Gram, kultur, dan identifikasi, sedangkan deteksi toksin dapat menggunakan metode mouse lethality assay, non-lethal mouse assay, dan metode imunologi. Pendekatan molekuler dilakukan melalui uji polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk deteksi jenis toksin. Pencegahan botulisme dilakukan dengan teknik penanganan makanan yang tepat. Pemanasan yang memadai dapat membunuh spora bakteri, selain itu segera mengonsumsi makanan yang telah dimasak dapat mencegah C. botulinum bertumbuh.
C. botulinum is one of the most pathogenic bacteria because it can produce deadly botulinum neutotoxin (BoNT). There are 3 types of botulism: botulism poisoning, inhalation botulism, and wound botulism. Although the incidence of botulism is rare, the impact is quite fatal. Most cases of botulism in human are caused by canned food prepared at home. Isolation and identification of C. botulinum can be done by Gram staining, culture, and identification, while the detection of toxins can use the mouse lethality assay, non-lethal mouse assay, and immunological methods. Molecular approach can be done through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination to detect the toxin type. Prevention can be applied with proper food handling techniques. Adequate heating can kill bacterial spores, and direct consumption can prevent proliferation of C. botulinum.
Penghambat CDK4/6 untuk Terapi Kanker Payudara
Authors: Lawrenti Hastarita 
Published: March 2023

Terapi endokrin masih menjadi terapi utama kanker payudara reseptor estrogen positif; tetapi sampai dengan 50% pasien akan mengalami kekambuhan yang umumnya dikenal dengan resistensi didapat. Salah satu terapi untuk mengatasi resistensi tersebut adalah penghambat CDK4/6. Penghambat CDK4/6 dalam kombinasi dengan terapi endokrin tidak hanya efektif untuk pasien kanker payudara reseptor hormon positif, HER2 negatif yang progresif setelah terapi endokrin, tetapi juga untuk terapi awal berbasis endokrin.
Endocrine therapy is the mainstay treatment for patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, however up to 50% patients will eventually experience relapse, known as acquired resistance. One of the treatment options to overcome resistance is CDK4/6 inhibitor. CDK4/6 inhibitor, in combination with endocrine therapy, is not only effective for patients with hormone receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancer after progression with previous endocrine therapy, but also for initial endocrine-based therapy.
Resusitasi Neonatus: Algoritma Terkini
Authors: Imanadhia Ashfahani , Yanika Grevy 
Published: March 2023

Sebagian besar bayi baru lahir akan melalui tahapan transisi dari intrauterin ke ekstrauterin dengan lancar atau tanpa distres, namun pada sebagian kecil bayi dibutuhkan bantuan resusitasi lanjutan. Keberhasilan resusitasi membutuhkan kemampuan dan kerjasama tim yang baik. Pemahaman yang baik tentang tahapan pada algoritma, mutlak dikuasai oleh setiap petugas resusitasi.
In the majority of newborn, the transition from intrauterine to exrauterine environment goes smoothly without any distress; but in a few cases, further resuscitation is needed. Skills and good teamwork are needed to achieve successful resuscitation. Every personnel involved in resuscitation procedure must thoroughly mastered each step in the algorithm.
Pengaruh Kualitas Tidur terhadap Memori Jangka Pendek Mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura
Authors: Pratiwi Hesti Ratna , Hermawati Ery , Kalsum Umi 
Published: March 2023

Latar Belakang. Memori jangka pendek sebagai salah satu proses awal penerimaan informasi dianggap berperan penting dalam fungsi kognitif seseorang. Tujuan.Mengetahui pengaruh kualitas tidur terhadap memori jangka pendek mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura. Metodologi. Penelitian dengan desain analitik menggunakan pendekatan potong lintang. Jumlah sampel 73 orang. Variabel bebas adalah kualitas tidur diukur dengan Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) dan variabel terikat adalah memori jangka pendek diukur dengan Digit Span. Analisis statistik menggunakan Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan Mann-Whitney U Test Hasil. Sebanyak 74% subjek penelitian memiliki kualitas tidur buruk dan rata-rata skor memori jangka pendek adalah 8,96. Subjek penelitian yang memiliki kualitas tidur buruk memiliki rata-rata skor memori jangka pendek lebih tinggi (9,33) dibandingkan dengan subjek penelitian dengan kualitas tidur baik (7,89). Hasil uji komparatif Mann-Whitney U Test mendapatkan nilai signifikan p=0,015 (p<0,05). Simpulan. Skor memori jangka pendek lebih tinggi pada mahasiswa Program Studi Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura yang memiliki kualitas tidur buruk dibandingkan mahasiswa yang memiliki kualitas tidur baik
Background. Short-term memory as one of the initial stage of information storage is considered to have an important role in cognitive performance. Objective. To determine the impact of sleep quality on short-term memory among medical students at Tanjungpura University. Methods. An analytic study with cross-sectional design on 73 subjects. Sleep quality as an independent variable was measured by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and short-term memory as a dependent variable was measured by Digit Span. Analytical statistics used Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U Test. Results. Poor sleep quality was found in 74% subjects with mean score of short-term memory of 8.96. Subjects with poor sleep quality had a higher mean score of short-term memory (9.33) than subjects with good quality of sleep (7.89). The Mann-Whitney U Test result was p= 0.015 (p <0.05). Conclusion. Medical students in Tanjungpura University with poor sleep quality have significantly higher score of short-term memory test compared to students who had good sleep quality.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana
Authors: Wardoyo Natasha Vinita , Elina  
Published: March 2023

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) adalah kelainan autosomal resesif langka akibat mutasi atau hilangnya gen survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) pada kromosom 5q13. Insiden global SMA diperkirakan 1:11.000 kelahiran hidup. Manifestasi klinis berupa kelemahan otot progresif dan penurunan tonus otot yang berhubungan dengan destruksi unit motorik alfa lower motor neuron. Gejala klinis dan prognosis lebih berat jika usia onset gejala semakin dini. Sampai saat ini, sebagian besar terapi bersifat suportif. Spektrum fenotipik yang kompleks pada SMA dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsional serta disabilitas yang membutuhkan penanganan multidisiplin.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation or deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1) on chromosome 5q13. The global incidence of SMA was estimated at 1:11.000 live births. SMA manifests clinically as progressive muscle weakness and decreasing muscle tone due to the destruction of alpha motor units on the lower motor neurons. Clinical symptoms and prognosis were worse for patients with earlier age of onset. To date, definitive treatments were limited, with most treatments are supportive. A complex phenotypic spectrum on SMA could lead to functional impairment and disability requiring multidisciplinary care.
Rejimen KDT-ARV Terbaru dengan Dolutegravir
Authors: Widjaja Maria Cecilia Gritce 
Published: March 2023

Terapi HIV/AIDS terus mengalami perkembangan. Rejimen ARV terbaru saat ini menggunakan dolutegravir dalam rejimen KDT-ARV berupa KDT-TLD, yang berisi 2NRTI + INSTI. Rejimen baru ini diteliti mampu menekan jumlah virus lebih cepat, mengurangi efek neuropsikiatri, dan mengurangi resistensi pada rejimen sebelumnya yang menggunakan efavirenz. Inisiasi ARV juga disarankan sedini mungkin (jika belum ada infeksi oportunistik), agar dapat meningkatkan harapan hidup, menurunkan insiden infeksi oportunistik, dan mencegah transmisi virus HIV.
HIV/AIDS therapy continues to develop over time. The current ARV regiment uses dolutegravir in ARV-FDC regiment in the form of a TLD-FDC containing 2NRTI + INSTI. This new regiment was intended to suppress viral load more rapidly, reduce neuropsychiatric effects and reduce resistance to previous regiments using efavirenz. ARV initiation is also recommended as early as possible (if there is no opportunistic infection) to increase life expectancy, reduce the incidence of opportunistic infections, and prevent transmission of HIV.
Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnostics of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kresnia Gabriele Mustika , Parikesit Arli Aditya 
Published: March 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurologic development disorder; it is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V). Early diagnosis is critical in improving the life quality of individuals affected by ASD. Several studies show that Artificial Intelligence can be used in the diagnosis of ASD through biological means such as observing patient EEG data and surveying their genome. Articles were searched in the PUBMED database, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link between 2019 - 2020. Four papers were selected for review. The papers devised models that can accurately predict ASD in affected individuals, though some are based on old data and/or require testing on larger datasets to determine accuracy. As ASD diagnosis usually cannot be achieved before the individual shows symptoms, AI has the potential to improve ASD diagnosis in affected individuals. Further study to confirm the models and test on larger, more recent datasets would be required to develop more accurate models and achieve even better results.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) merupakan salah satu gangguan perkembangan saraf yang tercantum pada Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-V). Diagnosis dini sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup individu ASD. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan buatan dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis ASD melalui metode berbasis biologis seperti mengamati data EEG pasien dan mensurvei genomnya. Review ini berbasis pencarian data antara tahun 2019 – 2020 di database PUBMED, ScienceDirect, dan Springer Link. Empat makalah kunci dipilih untuk ditinjau. Makalah-makalah tersebut mampu merancang model yang dapat memprediksi ASD secara akurat, meskipun beberapa aspek implementasinya didasarkan pada data usang dan/ atau memerlukan pengujian pada kumpulan data yang lebih besar untuk menentukan akurasi. Mengingat diagnosis ASD biasanya tidak dapat dilakukan sebelum individu menunjukkan gejala, kecerdasan buatan berpotensi meningkatkan ketepatan diagnosis ASD. Masih diperlukan studi lanjutan untuk mengkonfirmasi model dan pengujian pada kumpulan data yang lebih besar dan lebih baru untuk mengembangkan model yang memiliki presisi lebih baik dan hasil lebih akurat.
Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Intoleransi Makanan
Authors: Sumadi Jap Arvin Leonard , Adipurnama Alok , Farah Diba Susana 
Published: March 2023

Intoleransi makanan adalah suatu respons non-imun yang diinisiasi oleh makanan atau komponen makanan. Intoleransi makanan diperkirakan memengaruhi 20-25% populasi dunia. Gejala yang paling sering adalah gejala saluran pencernaan. Terapi dengan cara restriksi beberapa makanan tertentu.
Food intolerance is non-immunological response initiated by a food or food component. It is estimated to affect up to 20-25% population. Gastrointestinal symptoms are the most common symptom in food intolerance. Therapy is by restriction of certain foods.
Patomekanisme dan Manifestasi Infeksi COVID-19 pada Kulit
Authors: Agustinus Oktatika Pratiwi 
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) yang disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) hingga saat ini masih menjadi pandemi. Keluhan utama infeksi COVID-19 lebih banyak pada saluran pernapasan, namun ternyata dapat menyerang organ tubuh lain, salah satunya kulit. Peranan ACE2 dalam infeksi COVID-19 menimbulkan beragam manifestasi klinis pada berbagai sistem organ. Artikel ini membahas patomekanisme infeksi COVID-19 pada kulit, berbagai pola manifestasi penyakit kulit, serta berbagai hal yang berkaitan dengan kemunculan lesi kulit pada pasien COVID-19.
COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) remains a worldwide pandemic. The main symptom of COVID-19 infection is mostly on respiratory system. Nevertheless, it can also attack other organs, including skin. ACE2 plays a role in COVID-19 infection to many clinical manifestations at system organs. This article reviews COVID-19 infection pathomechanisms towards the skin, patterns of skin manifestations, and various factors in relation to occurrence of skin lesion in COVID-19 patients.
Bell’s Palsy: Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana
Authors: Putri Zanty Rakhmania 
Published: March 2023

Bell’s palsy merupakan gangguan saraf akut pada wajah dengan ciri kelemahan wajah unilateral dan tanpa penyebab pasti. Kelemahan wajah dapat berupa berkurangnya kerutan dahi, sulit menutup mata, kelemahan sudut bibir, hilangnya sensasi pengecapan, dan gejala lainnya berdasarkan cabang saraf wajah yang terkena. Diagnosis melalui anamnesis dan pemeriksaan klinis. Pemeriksaan penunjang untuk menilai faktor risiko dan menyingkirkan diagnosis lain. Pengobatan dapat secara non-farmakologis dan farmakologis.
Bell’s palsy is an acute facial nerve disorder with unilateral facial weakness without definite cause. The disease may manifest as diminished forehead wrinkles, difficulty to close lid, weakness at the corner of the lips, loss of taste sensation, and other symptoms based on affected facial nerve branch. Diagnosis can be made through anamnesis and clinical examination. Additional examinations can evaluate risk factors and eliminate other diseases. Treatment can be non-pharmacological and pharmacological.
Terapi Hemoroid Kronis dengan Herba Berdasarkan Diagnosis Traditional Chinese Medicine: Laporan Dua Kasus
Authors: Hardi Yelini Fan , Nando Aryaprana , Japaries Willie , Indradjaja Cinderella Sisilia 
Published: March 2023

Latar belakang: Hemoroid merupakan penyakit yang sering dijumpai dan cukup mengganggu. Tujuan: Mengulas kasus hemoroid kronis yang berhasil diterapi dengan bahan herbal alami berdasarkan diagnosis ilmu pengobatan tradisional Tiongkok (TCM). Kasus: Kasus pertama, pria 38 tahun; kasus kedua, wanita 48 tahun, keduanya telah menderita hemoroid selama lebih dari 10 tahun. Kasus pertama berhasil diterapi dengan lalapan daun pepaya dikukus dan kasus kedua berhasil diterapi dengan ramuan herbal klasik. Pemilihan terapi pada kedua kasus didasarkan atas diagnosis sindrom TCM, yaitu kelemahan energi limpa (ICD-11:SF70). Simpulan: Terapi herbal yang tepat berdasarkan diagnosis klinis TCM dapat mengatasi hemoroid kronis.
Background: Hemorrhoid is a common disease and cause discomfort. Aim: To report two chronic hemorrhoid cases successfully treated with natural herbal preparations based on accurate TCM diagnosis. Case: First case, male aged 38 years, second case, female aged 48 years, both suffered from hemorrhoid for more than 10 years. The first case was successfully treated with steamed papaya leaves and second case was with classic herbal preparation. Both cases were treated based on accurate TCM diagnosis: spleen Qi deficiency pattern (ICD-11:SF70). Conclusion: Accurate herbal therapy based on TCM clinical diagnosis can treat chronic hemorrhoids.
Dermatosis Mengancam Jiwa: Sindrom Stevens-Johnson Diduga Akibat Methampyron
Authors: Wisan Angel Benny , Aviana Felicia 
Published: March 2023

Sindrom Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) merupakan salah satu dermatosis yang mengancam jiwa dan merupakan bagian dari nekrolisis epidermal (NE), ditandai dengan reaksi mukokutan akut disertai nekrosis luas dan pengelupasan epidermis serta epitel mukosa. Kasus. Laki-laki usia 20 tahun dengan keluhan timbul ruam-ruam kemerahan sejak 2 hari di wajah, menyebar ke leher, dada, perut, punggung, kedua tangan, dan skrotum; diikuti bibir bengkak dan gelembung yang pecah meninggalkan bekas kehitaman. Diduga keluhan muncul setelah pasien mengonsumsi methampyron. Pasien memiliki riwayat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) terkontrol. Status dermatologi didapatkan purpura disertai bula dinding kendur pada regio coli, thorax, manus dekstra dan sinistra, dan abdomen. Tanda Nikolsky (+). Pada regio skrotum terdapat bula dinding kendur multipel dan sebagian erosi. Di regio labialis terdapat krusta merah kehitaman multipel, tebal, sulit dilepas, batas irreguler, dan sebagian erosi. Pasien didiagnosis sindrom Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) dan mendapat terapi cairan, methylprednisolone, paracetamol, gentamycin, curcuma, cetirizine, triamcinolone acetonide, desoximetasone, dan chloramphenicol. Pada hari ke-10 perawatan, pasien mengalami perbaikan klinis dan diperbolehkan pulang.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is one of the life-threatening dermatoses and a part of epidermal necrolysis (NE), characterized by mucocutaneous reaction, and followed by an extensive necrosis and detachment of epidermis and mucosal epithelium. A 20 year-old man complained of reddish rashes on the face since 2 days ago. The rashes widened and spread to the neck, body, stomach, back, both hands, and scrotum, followed by swollen lips and broken blisters that leave a blackish scar a day later. The symptoms were suspected to develop after taking methampyrone. The patient had a history of controlled Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Dermatology status showed purpura and flaccid blisters on the neck, body, back, both hands, and abdomen, Nikolsky sign (+). Multiple flaccid blisters and partial erosion in the scrotum. On the lips, there are multiple reddish-black crusts, thick, hard to remove, irregular border, and partial erosion. The patient was diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and given fluid therapy, methylprednisolone, paracetamol, gentamicin, curcuma, cetirizine, triamcinolone acetonide, desoximetasone, and chloramphenicol. On the 10th day of the treatment, the patient was clinically improved and was discharged.
Riwayat Merokok sebagai Prediktor Mortalitas Pasien Karsinoma Hepatoseluler
Authors: Suryoadji Kemal Akbar , Theola Jason , Hermanadi Muhammad Ikrar , Nurfateen Ashadi Dhiya Athaullah 
Published: March 2023

Kanker hati atau karsinoma hepatoseluler menempati urutan ke-5 kanker terbanyak di Indonesia. Data Riskesdas 2018 menunjukkan prevalensi perokok di Indonesia sebesar 33,8% dan merokok banyak dikaitkan dengan berbagai komplikasi dan peningkatan angka kematian berbagai penyakit. Tinjauan ini merupakan laporan kasus berbasis bukti untuk melihat mortalitas pasien karsinoma hepatoseluler yang memiliki riwayat perokok. Pencarian artikel dari 4 database, yakni Pubmed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, dan Scopus dengan kata kunci “((Hepatocellular carcinoma) AND (Smoking) AND (Mortality))” dilakukan dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi; telaah kritis berdasarkan panduan untuk studi prognosis. Didapatkan 1 studi prognosis mortalitas pasien karsinoma hepatoseluler dengan riwayat merokok yang telah menjalani telaah kritis dan dapat dinyatakan sebagai studi yang valid, penting, dan aplikatif. Studi tersebut merupakan systematic review dan meta-analisis dengan OR 1,20 (95% CI 1,03-1,40). Riwayat merokok dengan frekuensi minimal 20 batang/hari selama 1 tahun akan meningkatkan risiko mortalitas pasien karsinoma hepatoseluler sebesar 1,2 kali dibandingkan pasien karsinoma hepatoseluler tanpa riwayat merokok.
Liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma ranks as the fifth most frequent cancer in Indonesia. Riskesdas 2018 data shows that the prevalence of smokers in Indonesia is 33.8%; and smoking is widely associated with various disease complications, including mortality rate increase for various diseases. This review was an evidence-based case report on the mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with smoking history. An article search was conducted based on 4 databases: Pubmed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and Scopus using the keywords “((Hepatocellular carcinoma) AND (Smoking) AND (Mortality))” according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and based on guidelines for prognosis studies. History of smoking with a frequency of at least 20 cigarettes/ day for 1 year will increase the risk of mortality by 1.2 times in hepatocellular carcinoma patients compared to hepatocellular carcinoma patients without a history of smoking.
Асинхронды электр жетегінің жеңілдетілген математикалық моделі
Authors: СУЛТАНГАЗИНОВ С.К. , СУНДЕТОВА А.Р. , КУРБАНГАЛИЕВА Н.Б. 
Published: March 2023

Предметом исследования является влияние изменения скорости вращения двигателя на режимы работы центробежных насосных агрегатов и режимы работы ресурсо- и энергосберегающего асинхронного электропривода совместно с центробежным насосом внутри промысловой перекачки нефти.
Зерттеу пәні қозғалтқыштың айналу жылдамдығының өзгеруінің орталықтан тепкіш сорғы агрегаттарының жұмыс режимдеріне және мұнайды кәсіпшілік айдау ішіндегі орталықтан тепкіш сорғымен бірге ресурс және энергия үнемдейтін асинхронды электр жетегінің жұмыс режимдеріне әсері болып табылады.
The subject of the study is the effect of changes in the engine rotation speed on the operating modes of centrifugal pumping units and the operating modes of a resource- and energy-saving asynchronous electric drive together with a centrifugal pump inside the field oil pumping.
Логистикалық инфрақұрылым негіздері Қазақстан Республикасының кеден саласында
Authors: ASILBEKOVA I.Zh. 
Published: March 2023

For Kazakhstan, it is important to create a highly efficient logistics system and guarantee its integration into the international logistics system. Given the location, Kazakhstan can become a key transit country. Currently, this opportunity has not been fully used. Kazakhstan is in a good position to benefit from cargo flows between Europe and Asia. To address these issues, the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan is focused on the development of transport networks in Kazakhstan. This is confirmed by the implementation of government programs for the further development of transport.
Қазақстан үшін жоғары тиімді логистикалық жолға қою және оның халықаралық логистикалық жүйеге кірігуіне кепілдік беру маңызды мәнге ие. Орналасқан жерін ескере отырып, Қазақстан негізгі транзиттік ел бола алады. Қазіргі уақытта бұл мүмкіндік толық пайдаланылмаған. Қазақстан Еуропа мен Азия арасындағы жүк ағындарынан пайда алу үшін жақсы жағдайда. Осы мәселелерді шешу үшін ҚР Үкіметі Қазақстандағы көлік желілерін дамытуға бағытталған. Бұл көлікті одан әрі дамыту жөніндегі үкіметтік бағдарламалардың іске асырылуымен расталады.
Для Казахстана важное значение имеет создание высокоэффективной логистической налаженности и гарантия ее интеграции в международную логистическую систему. Учитывая местоположение, Казахстан может стать ключевой транзитной страной. В настоящее время данная возможность не была полностью использована. Казахстан располагается в хорошем положении, чтобы извлечь пользу из грузопотоков между Европой и Азией. Для решения данных вопросов Правительство РК сосредоточено на развитии транспортных сетей в Казахстане. Это подтверждается реализацией правительственных программ по дальнейшему развитию транспорта.