bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonography in neurology: A comprehensive analysis and review
Authors: Scholtz Laura C. , Rosenberg Jon , Robbins Matthew S. , Wong Tanping , Mints Gregory , Kaplan Aaron , Leung Dora , Kamel Hooman , Ch'ang Judy H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeurologists in both the inpatient and outpatient settings are increasingly using ultrasound to diagnose and manage common neurological diseases. Advantages include cost‐effectiveness, the lack of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the ability to perform at the bedside to provide real‐time data. There is a growing body of literature that supports using ultrasonography to improve diagnostic accuracy and aid in performing procedures. Despite the increasing utilization of this imaging modality in medicine, there has been no comprehensive review of the clinical applications of ultrasound in the field of neurology. We discuss the current uses and limitations of ultrasound for various neurological conditions. We review the role for ultrasound in commonly performed neurologic procedures including lumbar puncture, botulinum toxin injections, nerve blocks, and trigger point injections. We specifically discuss the technique for ultrasound‐assisted lumbar puncture and occipital nerve block as these are commonly performed. We then focus on the utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of neurologic conditions. This includes neuromuscular diseases such as motor neuron disorders, focal neuropathies, and muscular dystrophy as well as vascular conditions such as stroke and vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage. We also address ultrasound's use in critically ill patients to aid in identifying increased intracranial pressure, hemodynamics, and arterial and/or venous catheterization. Finally, we address the importance of standardized ultrasound curricula in trainee education and make recommendations for the future directions of research and competency guidelines within our specialty.
Retention of titanium copings to implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses
Authors: Chiam Sieu Yien , Lee Hsin Lin , Bedrossian Armand E. , Xu Qianhui , Kuykendall William , Ren Anna , Hess Timothy A. , Ramos Van , Chung Kwok‐Hung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effects of using different cements and titanium copings designs on the retention of implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (IFDPs) using a pull‐out test.Materials and MethodsFifty zirconia (ZirCAD; Ivoclar Vivadent) and 20 prepolymerized denture acrylic resin (AvaDent) rectangular (36 mm × 12 mm × 8 mm) specimens were milled to mimic the lower left segmental portion of the All‐on‐Four IFDPs. Cylindrical titanium copings (Variobase; Straumann) (V) were used in 2 prepolymerized denture acrylic resin groups (n = 10) while conical titanium copings (Straumann) (C) were used as a control group for zirconia with 4 groups using cylindrical titanium copings. Before cementation, the outer surfaces of all titanium copings and the intaglio bonding surface of prosthetic specimens were airborne‐particle abraded. All specimens were cemented following the manufacturer's recommendations and instructions according to the experimental design. After artificial aging (5000 cycles of 5°C 55°C, dwelling time 20 s; 150 N, 1.5 Hz in a 37°C water bath), all specimens were subjected to retention force testing using a pull‐out test using a universal testing machine and a custom fixture with a crosshead speed 5 mm/min. Modes of failure were classified as Type 1, 2, or 3. Retention force values were analyzed by the t‐test for the prepolymerized denture acrylic resin specimen groups, and 1‐way ANOVA and the Tukey test for the zirconia groups at α = 0.05.ResultsMean and standard deviation retention force values varied from 101.1 ± 67.1 to 509.0 ± 65.2 N for the prepolymerized denture acrylic resin specimen groups. The zirconia groups ranged from 572.8 ± 274.7 to 1416.1 ± 258.0 N. There is no statistically significant difference in retention force values between V and C specimens cementing to zirconia with Panavia SA cement (Kuraray Noritake) (p = 0.587). The retention forces and failure modes were influenced by the cement used (p < 0.05). Modes of failure were predominantly Type 2 (mixed failure) and Type 1 (adhesive fracture from prosthetic materials) except for the quick‐set resin group (Type 3, adhesive failure from coping).ConclusionsWhen bonding IFDPs onto titanium copings, quick‐set resin provided significantly higher retention force for prepolymerized denture acrylic resin prostheses. Conical and cylindrical titanium copings performed similarly when cemented to zirconia with Panavia SA cement under the same protocol. The stability of the bonded interface and retention forces between zirconia prostheses and titanium copings varied from the cement used.
Detailed whole‐body nutrient analysis identifies differences in feeding ecology between related fish species: The case of Orestias native Andean killifish in Lake Titicaca
Authors: Loayza Erick , Muñoz‐Saravia Arturo , De Troch Marleen , Hendriks Wouter H. , Janssens Geert P. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBody nutrient profiles in ecological studies allow for relating the nutritional status of consumers and their effects on the movement and retention of elements in ecosystems, as well as reflecting feeding conditions and habitat quality. This study compared the detailed whole‐body nutrient composition (macronutrients, minerals, fatty acids and amino acids) of two omnivorous natives Orestias killifish from Lake Titicaca (Orestias agassizii and Orestias luteus, Valenciennes), the largest lake in the Andes, as an indirect tool to understand differences in their feeding ecology. Although both species are usually described as omnivorous fish, both have amphipods (Hyalella spp) as their main food source. Our results showed that both killifish had a comparable macronutrient composition, and the mineral concentrations of Mg, P and Ca (reflecting bony structures) differed between them. Many of the saturated fatty acids were significantly lower in O. luteus, and O. agassizii had higher concentrations of cis‐vaccenic acid (18:1n11 (cis)), supporting the idea of a higher algal contribution to the diet of this fish. The lower histidine and higher taurine concentrations in O. agassizii compared with O. luteus (independent of body size) may reflect its ubiquitous behaviour and plasticity. This study shows how whole‐body nutrient analysis can identify differences in feeding ecology and feeding behaviour between related species.
Influence of high‐ and low‐fermentable dietary fibres in sows' diet on the colostrum potential against Clostridioides difficile toxin‐induced effects in IPEC‐J2 cells
Authors: Grześkowiak Łukasz , Vahjen Wilfried , Zentek Jürgen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSow colostrum has been reported to protect the IPEC‐J2 cells and piglet colon tissues from detrimental effect of Clostridioides difficile toxins. Since dietary fibre can influence the colostrum composition in sows, we hypothesised that it can also differentially affect the colostrum potential against C. difficile toxin‐induced effects in IPEC‐J2. IPEC‐J2 were incubated with colostrum from sows fed either high‐fermentable sugar beet pulp (SBP) or low‐fermentable lignocellulose (LNC) fibres and in combination with the toxins and analysed by trans‐epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell viability using propidium iodide in flow cytometry. Toxins drastically decreased the integrity of IPEC‐J2. Colostrum from the sows fed either SBP or LNC exerted protective effect against toxins on IPEC‐J2 integrity and this effect was numerically superior in the SBP group. Differences in the percentages of TEER between different treatments were noted after 2 h (p = 0.043), 3 h (p = 0.017) and 4 h (p = 0.017) of incubation and a tendency for differences was noted after 5 h of incubation (p = 0.071). Colostrum from either SBP‐ or LNC‐fed sows did not protect the IPEC‐J2 from toxin‐induced death. Colostrum of the sows fed either high‐fermentable or low‐fermentable fibres has a potential to protect IPEC‐J2 from the loss of integrity, which may be important in protection from C. difficile‐infection development in neonatal piglets.
Policy implications of fixed‐to‐total‐cost ratio variation across rural and urban hospitals
Authors: Barker Abigail R. , MacKinney A. Clinton , McBride Timothy D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeHospitals with lower fixed‐to‐total‐cost ratios may be better positioned to remain financially viable when reducing service volumes required by many value‐based payment systems. We assessed whether hospitals in rural areas have higher fixed‐to‐total‐cost ratios, which would tend to create a systematic disadvantage in such an environment.MethodsOur observational study used a mixed‐effects, repeated‐measures model to analyze Medicare Hospital Cost Report Information System data for 2011‐2020. We included all 4,953 nonfederal, short‐term acute hospitals in the United States that are present in these years. After estimating the relationship between volume (measured in adjusted patient days) and patient‐care costs in a model that controlled for a small number of hospital characteristics, we calculated fixed‐to‐total‐cost ratios based on our model's estimates.FindingsWe found that nonmetropolitan hospitals tend to have higher average fixed‐to‐total‐cost ratios (0.85‐0.95) than metropolitan hospitals (0.73‐0.78). Moreover, the degree of rurality matters; hospitals in micropolitan counties have lower ratios (0.85‐0.87) than hospitals in noncore counties (0.91‐0.95). While the Critical Access Hospital (CAH) designation is associated with higher average fixed‐to‐total‐cost ratios, high fixed‐to‐total‐cost ratios are not exclusive to CAHs.ConclusionsOverall, these results suggest that hospital payment policy and payment model development should consider hospital fixed‐to‐total‐cost ratios particularly in settings where economies of scale are unattainable, and where the hospital provides a sense of security to the community it serves.
Community‐wide correlations between species richness, abundance and population genomic diversity in a freshwater biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Bucholz Jamie R. , Hopper Garrett W. , González Irene Sánchez , Kelley Taylor E. , Jackson Colin R. , Garrick Ryan C. , Atkinson Carla L. , Lozier Jeffrey D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding patterns of diversity across macro (e.g. species‐level) and micro (e.g. molecular‐level) scales can shed light on community function and stability by elucidating the abiotic and biotic drivers of diversity within ecological communities. We examined the relationships among taxonomic and genetic metrics of diversity in freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae), an ecologically important and species‐rich group in the southeastern United States. Using quantitative community surveys and reduced‐representation genome sequencing across 22 sites in seven rivers and two river basins, we surveyed 68 mussel species and sequenced 23 of these species to characterize intrapopulation genetic variation. We tested for the presence of species diversity–abundance correlations (i.e. the more‐individuals hypothesis, MIH), species‐genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs) and abundance‐genetic diversity correlations (AGDCs) across all sites to evaluate relationships between different metrics of diversity. Sites with greater cumulative multispecies density (a standardized metric of abundance) had a greater number of species, consistent with the MIH hypothesis. Intrapopulation genetic diversity was strongly associated with the density of most species, indicating the presence of AGDCs. However, there was no consistent evidence for SGDCs. Although sites with greater overall densities of mussels had greater species richness, sites with higher genetic diversity did not always exhibit positive correlations with species richness, suggesting that there are spatial and evolutionary scales at which the processes influencing community‐level diversity and intraspecific diversity differ. Our work reveals the importance of local abundance as indicator (and possibly a driver) of intrapopulation genetic diversity.
In defence of the nation: Why do churches receive public trust as high as their secular counterparts?
Authors: Abbasov Namig 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSecularisation theory contends that religiosity and trust in religious organisations tend to decline when trust in their secular counterparts increases. However, it is puzzling why religious organisations receive public trust as high as their secular counterparts in countries where religiosity is low. If religious organisations are deemed to be doomed as trust in secular counterparts rises, why do people still trust them? We argue that a high level of trust in religious organisations is associated with their importance in nation‐building and national identity construction: Individuals with a strong national identity are more likely to trust religious organisations. Using both qualitative and quantitative data about public trust in the Armenian Apostolic Church (AAC) and Georgian Orthodox Church (GOC), this study finds that the historical role of religious organisations in strengthening national cohesion and building national identity during times of instability leads ordinary citizens to place both generational and strategic trust in these religious organisations.
Reducing the environmental impact of mask inductions in children: A quality improvement report
Authors: Isserman Rebecca S. , Yuan Ian , Elliott Elizabeth M. , Muhly Wallis T. , Iyer Rajeev S. , Farrell Heather A. , Varallo Domonique A. , Georgostathi Georgia , Richter Adam G. , Stiso Jennifer , Tsui Fuchiang (Rich) , Feldman Jeffrey M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundInhalational anesthetic agents are potent greenhouse gases with global warming potential that far exceed that of carbon dioxide. Traditionally, pediatric inhalation inductions are achieved with a volatile anesthetic delivered to the patient in oxygen and nitrous oxide at high fresh gas flows. While contemporary volatile anesthetics and anesthesia machines allow for a more environmentally conscious induction, practice has not changed. We aimed to reduce the environmental impact of our inhalation inductions by decreasing the use of nitrous oxide and fresh gas flows.MethodsThrough a series of four plan‐do‐study‐act cycles, the improvement team used content experts to demonstrate the environmental impact of the current inductions and to provide practical ways to reduce this, by focusing on nitrous oxide use and fresh gas flows, with visual reminders introduced at point of delivery. The primary measures were the percentage of inhalation inductions that used nitrous oxide and the maximum fresh gas flows/kg during the induction period. Statistical process control charts were used to measure improvement over time.Results33 285 inhalation inductions were included over a 20‐month period. nitrous oxide use decreased from 80% to <20% and maximum fresh gas flows/kg decreased from a rate of 0.53 L/min/kg to 0.38 L/min/kg, an overall reduction of 28%. Reduction in fresh gas flows was greatest in the lightest weight groups. Induction times and behaviors remained unchanged over the duration of this project.ConclusionsOur quality improvement group decreased the environmental impact of inhalation inductions and created cultural change within our department to sustain change and foster the pursuit of future environmental efforts.
Inheritance of seed protein in two interspecific pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) crosses
Authors: Saxena K. B. , Srivastava Namita , Reddy L. J. , Saxena R. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPigeonpea is one of the primary sources of protein for most rural communities of south Asia and Africa. The enhancement of protein from the present level of 20–22% will help masses in their nutritional well‐beings. Breeders have identified high‐protein (28–30%) germplasm amongst the wild relatives of pigeonpea; and these can serve as donors in breeding high‐yielding high‐protein cultivars. To achieve this, information on the inheritance of seed protein will be useful in organizing interspecific matings, generation advancement, and selection schemes. In the present study, two interspecific crosses, involving two pigeonpea cultivars ('Pant A2' and 'ICP 6997') and a wild species (Cajanus albicans (W. & A.)), were made to study the inheritance of seed protein in F1, F2, and BC1F1 generations. The high‐protein trait was found to be controlled by two independent dominant genes with complementary effects. These genes are tagged with symbols “HPt1” and “HPt2”. The authors believe that now opportunities exist for enhancing the protein levels in pigeonpea through breeding approaches.
Both overwhelmed or in it together? Similarity in COVID‐19‐related stress and romantic relationship quality
Authors: From Annika , Luerssen Anna , Gordon Amie M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStress tends to be negatively associated with romantic relationship quality, but shared stress can bond romantic partners and may actually have a positive effect on relationships. Thus, are similar levels of pandemic‐related stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic—a time of high stress for many couples—associated with better or worse relationship quality? In this study, we investigated whether similarity in COVID‐19‐related stress was associated with romantic relationship outcomes in two dyadic samples (N = 300 couples). Generally, we found little evidence that similarity in COVID‐19‐related stress was associated with relationship outcomes. We did find that similarity in general worry about the pandemic was associated with lower overall relationship quality; however, it was also associated with lower levels of viewing the pandemic as a source of conflict. Therefore, more research is needed to understand the nuances of when and how stress similarity is associated with romantic relationship quality.
Evolution, systematics and historical biogeography of Palparini and Palparidiini antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae): Old origin and in situ diversification in Southern Africa
Authors: Hévin Noémie M.‐C. , Kergoat Gael. J. , Clamens Anne‐Laure , Le Ru Bruno , Mansell Mervyn W. , Michel Bruno 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPalparine and palparidiine antlions constitute an emblematic clade of large and occasionally colourful insects that are only distributed in the western portion of the Eastern hemisphere, with about half of the known species diversity occurring exclusively in Southern Africa. Little is known about their evolutionary history, and the boundaries and relationships of most genera are still unresolved. In this study, we analyse a molecular dataset consisting of seven loci (five mitochondrial and two nuclear genes) for 144 antlion species and provide the first phylogenetic hypothesis for a representative sampling of Palparini and Palparidiini (62 Palparini species, representing 15 of the 17 known genera, and all three known Palparidiini species). In addition, we reconstruct their timing of diversification and historical biogeography. The resulting tree indicates that several extant palparine genera are polyphyletic or paraphyletic and provides interesting leads that ought to be helpful for future taxonomic revisions; it also enables us to re‐evaluate the taxonomic utility and relevancy of a number of morphological characters that were previously used to define some genera. Molecular dating analyses indicate that the most recent common ancestor of both groups originated about 92 million years ago (Ma) in the Late Cretaceous. Finally, the results of historical biogeography analyses provide strong support for an origin in Southern Africa, which further acted as both a cradle of diversification and a springboard for successive waves of northern dispersals.
Dendrogeomorphology in Evaluating Erosive Processes in an Urban Conservation Unit
Authors: Nicolau Ricardo De Faria , Faria Karla Maria Silva de , Momoli Renata Santos , Chagas Matheus Peres 
Published: May 2023

Water erosion is a worldwide problem that has been depleting soils mainly in tropical regions, due to the greater volume of precipitated water. In this sense, recent prediction methods in tropical regions such as dendrogeomorphology are necessary and important to identify and date the influence and correlation between erosion processes and vegetation. This study aimed to understand and scale the erosive processes, through the annual historical recognition of the rate of soil loss and sedimentation, applying the concepts of dendrogeomorphology in the evaluation of the stem and roots of trees of the species of Anadenanthera macrocarpa and Schefflera morototoni, in a conservation unit in the Brazilian Cerrado. Trees were selected in the following soil level conditions: (i) having root exposure, (ii) no exposure (buried), and (iii) no change in soil level (control). Cross-dating was performed using the COFECHA software program, and the information applied in dating scars and abnormal radial growth periods were observed in exposed roots and associated with the beginning of erosion processes. The results indicated that the occurrence of the erosive processes ascertained by anatomical changes in the exposed roots and a most common erosive rains date from 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2016 and 2017. While changes in the trunk growth ring width start from 1992, with similar years between the two species of 2013 and 2017. The highest soil accumulation rates were 18.6 mm/year, vertical losses were 500 mm per year and horizontal losses were 665 mm. Finally, there is a positive correlation between the number of scars and an abrupt increase in the growth rings of the exposed roots with the number of erosive rains.
Neoseiulus pseudomarginatus sp. nov., a new species of predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) continuously misidentified as Neoseiulus marginatus (Wainstein) from the Mediterranean countries
Authors: Döker Ismail , Stathakis Theodoros I. , Kolodochka Leonid A. 
Published: May 2023

Many previous descriptions of Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) species lack some important morphological characteristics including the number of dorsal solenotomes (gland pores). However, the importance of the presence or absence of a single pair of solenostomes to identify two distinct species in some phytoseiid genera, such as Kampimodromus Nesbitt and Neoseiulus Hughes has previously been confirmed by molecular studies in several cases. Neoseiulus marginatus (Wainstein) was originally described from Kazakhstan, a country located in Central Asia, based on the specimens collected from herbaceous plants. It was subsequently reported and redescribed from a series of Western Palearctic countries. However, the material first redescribed from Crimea and thereafter from Armenia, Greece, Israel, and Turkey, by having gd5 solenostomes, is distinct from the original N. marginatus described by Wainstein. Indeed, our examinations of its type specimens confirmed that gd5 pores are consistently absent in the type series of N. marginatus. Therefore, this species is redescribed and illustrated based on the female lectotype. In addition, N. pseudomarginatus sp. nov., a widely distributed species in the Western Palearctic countries, which has seven pairs of solenostomes is described as a new taxon for science. Furthermore, our examinations of the type specimens of N. polyporus (Wainstein) indicated that it should be considered as a junior synonym of N. marginatus, as already suggested in earlier studies.