bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric microbiota in gastric cancer and precancerous stages: Mechanisms of carcinogenesis and clinical value
Authors: Liao Oulan , Ye Guanshui , Du Qin , Ye Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a globally important disease. The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) demonstrated that the human stomach is not a sterile environment, and recent advances in molecular biology have led to the detection of large populations of microorganisms in the stomach. A growing number of studies have elucidated differences in the microbiota of patients at various stages of GC development. Evidence from insulin‐gastrin transgenic (INS‐GAS) and human gastric microbiota‐transplanted mouse models have further demonstrated the potential causality of microbiota in the development of GC. To date, H. pylori is still thought to be the strongest risk factor for GC. H. pylori interacts with non‐H. pylori commensals and affects the composition of the gastric microbiota. This review provides an overview of the relationship between the gastric microbiota and GC, including the mechanisms of microbe‐associated carcinogenesis, the clinical value of the microbiota as a GC biomarker, and the potential of modulating the microbiota for GC prevention or therapy.
Effectiveness of nursing interventions for management of children with bronchial asthma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tao Shuai , Fan Qiuhua , Hariharan Vishnu Shankar , Zhi Haoliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimNursing interventions include the preventive care that can support and guide the nurse's effort to provide asthma interventions for children. Hence, this review was done to assess the effectiveness of nursing interventions for management of childhood asthma.MethodsWe conducted a search in Medline, the Cochrane library, EMBASE, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar from 1964 until April 2022. Meta‐analysis was done using a random‐effects model and pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) and/or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsFourteen studies were analysed. The pooled RR was 0.49 for emergency visits (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.77) and 0.46 for hospitalizations (95% CI: 0.27 to 0.79). The pooled WMD was −1.20 for number of days with symptoms (95% CI: −3.50 to 1.11), −0.98 for number of nights with symptoms (95% CI: −2.94 to 0.98) and −0.69 for frequency of asthma attacks (95% CI: −1.19 to −0.20). The pooled SMD was 0.39 for quality of life (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.66) and 0.58 for asthma control (95% CI: −0.29 to 1.46).ConclusionNursing interventions were relatively effective in improving the quality of life and reducing asthma related emergencies, acute attacks and hospitalization amongst childhood asthma patients.
Quality and safety in residential aged care: an evaluation of a national quality indicator programme
Authors: Inacio Maria C. , Eshetie Tesfahun C. , Caughey Gillian E. , Whitehead Craig , Westbrook Johanna , Gray Len , Hibbert Peter , Beattie Elizabeth , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Cameron Ian D. , Crotty Maria , Wesselingh Steve 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, 243 000 individuals live in approximately 2700 residential aged care facilities yearly. In 2019, a National Aged Care Mandatory Quality Indicator programme (QI programme) was implemented to monitor the quality and safety of care in facilities.AimTo examine the validity of the QI programme indicators using explicit measure review criteria.MethodsThe QI programme manual and reports were reviewed. A modified American College of Physicians Measure Review Criteria was employed to examine the QI programme's eight indicators. Five authors rated each indicator on importance, appropriateness, clinical evidence, specifications and feasibility using a nine‐point scale. A median score of 1–3 was considered to not meet criteria, 4–6 to meet some criteria and 7–9 to meet criteria.ResultsAll indicators, except polypharmacy, met criteria (median scores = 7–9) for importance, appropriateness and clinical evidence. Polypharmacy met some criteria for importance (median = 6, range 2–8), appropriateness (median = 5, range 2–8) and clinical evidence (median = 6, range 3–8). Pressure injury, physical restraints, significant unplanned weight loss, consecutive unplanned weight loss, falls and polypharmacy indicators met some criteria for specifications validity (all median scores = 5) and feasibility and applicability (median scores = 4 to 6). Antipsychotic use and falls resulting in major injury met some criteria for specifications (median = 6–7, range 4–8) and met criteria for feasibility and applicability (median = 7, range 4–8).ConclusionsAustralia's National QI programme is a major stride towards a culture of quality promotion, improvement and transparency. Measures' specifications, feasibility and applicability could be improved to ensure the programme delivers on its intended purposes.
Multifold stiffness and fracture toughness enhancement in W‐doped VO2 microcrystals
Authors: Verma Divya , Chandran Yadu , Uniyal Piyush , Kumar Navin , Balakrishnan Viswanath 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVanadium dioxide is popular for the metal‐insulator phase transition at 68°C. Chemical doping is one of the effective ways adopted to tune the phase transition temperature, where tungsten is known to reduce the transition temperature of VO2. This work investigates the effect of tungsten doping on the mechanical properties of VO2 microcrystals and their polymer composites. Doping of VO2 with W shows a systematic reduction in phase transition temperature up to 33°C for 4 wt% W‐doped VO2. For 3 wt% W‐doped VO2, the elastic modulus values enhance by 50%. The fracture toughness of 3 wt% W‐doped VO2 shows an enhancement of fourfold compared to the undoped VO2. The dynamic compressive strength of 3 wt% W‐doped VO2–UHMWPE polymer composite at room temperature is found to be 7% higher than the undoped VO2—composite.
The shiny new object: Deconstructing the patient‐oriented paradigm in health sciences
Authors: Turcotte Pier‐Luc , Holmes Dave , Murray Stuart J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRationaleA ‘patient‐oriented’ research paradigm, also known as patient and public engagement, has infiltrated the field of health sciences and continues to spread. At first blush, it is difficult to reprove anything labelled ‘patient‐oriented’; however, the patient‐oriented paradigm may easily become an ideological ‘good’, leading to unintended consequences that may well prove more detrimental than beneficial. While patient‐oriented research has its roots in more radical forms of patient and public engagement, its recent instantiation betrays its roots and forecloses on more radical forms of engagement, such as critical participatory research.Aim and ObjectivesThe objective of this article is to deconstruct the patient‐oriented research narrative and to demonstrate how such a discourse imposes itself as a dominant approach in health sciences.ApproachFollowing Derrida's deconstructive approach, we bring to light the unexamined presuppositions, false pretences, and presumed ‘goodness’ and ‘naturalness’ of patient‐oriented discourse.DiscussionBy deconstructing the patient‐oriented narrative we demonstrate how pre‐existing power structures (biomedical, economic, etc.) shape the conduct of the approach and serve to depoliticize the truly participatory aspects of research. Rather than being modelled on the evidence‐based movement or seen as its natural ‘evolution’, patient‐oriented research should resist by affirming itself as a radical form that is both participatory and emancipatory.
‘Not always so’: Embracing process in the development of curricula for contemporary person‐centred healthcare professional education
Authors: Stephens John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContemporary person‐centred healthcare and professional education operates within an interconnected and rapidly changing world of challenge and opportunity in the development of curricula that reflect practice. In times characterised by change and uncertainty, with increasing opportunities for networking and collaboration, educational curricula with an emphasis on ‘process’ rather than a more traditional, mechanistic emphasis on ‘product’, would seem appropriate in looking towards the future. Learning and emergent professional identity occurs through individuals' social definitions in turn influenced by knowledge and power relationships. The Dialogical Curriculum Framework seeks to promote a more even distribution of knowledge and power through participation and co‐production in the pursuit of tolerance and coherence to support learning and identity. The parameters and dynamics of the Dialogical Curriculum Framework are represented through the interconnected relationship between learner attributes, curriculum themes, and curriculum constructs. The processes of space for reflection, open dialogue, participation and symbolic interactionism drive the curriculum, within the context of UK policy and Society. The emphasis on the pursuit of person‐centred care makes it important for students to make connections with their own and other professions/disciplines to reflect the complexities of contemporary healthcare—an understanding of the ‘whole’, rather than fragmented parts. By way of example, a co‐produced module of study within a preregistration MSc Physiotherapy programme is highlighted. Students identify, develop, and design small‐group projects working with ‘Physiopedia’. Thus, projects hold the potential to contribute to a global educational forum as well as student dialogue for learning.
A new deep‐water conger eel of the genus Rhynchoconger (Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the south‐west coast of India, Arabian Sea
Authors: Kodeeswaran Paramasivam , Mohapatra Anil , Kumar Thipramalai Thangappan Pillai Ajith , Lal Kuldeep Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new species of deep‐water conger eel, Rhynchoconger bicoloratus sp. nov., is described herein based on three specimens collected from the deep‐sea trawlers landing at Kalamukku fishing harbour, off Kochi, Arabian Sea, from a depth beyond 200 m. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by having the following combination of characters: head larger than trunk, rictus at posterior margin of pupil, dorsal fin origin slightly before the pectoral fin insertion, eye diameter 1.7–1.9 times in snout length, ethmovomerine teeth patch broader than long with 41–44 recurved pointed teeth in six or seven rows, vomerine teeth patch pentagonal shaped with single tooth on posterior end, 35 pre‐anal vertebrae, body bicoloured, peritoneum and stomach black. Genetically, the new species differs from its congeners with a divergence of 12.9%–20.1% in the mitochondrial COI gene.
Patient‐derived xenograft mouse models to investigate tropism to the central nervous system and retina of primary and secondary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Isbell Lisa Kristina , Tschuch Cordula , Doostkam Soroush , Waldeck Silvia , Andrieux Geoffroy , Shoumariyeh Khalid , Lenhard Dorothee , Schaefer Hans Eckart , Reinacher Peter Christoph , Bartsch Ingrid , Pantic Milena , Vinnakota Janaki Manoja , Kakkassery Vinodh , Schorb Elisabeth , Scherer Florian , Frey Anna Verena , Boerries Melanie , Illerhaus Gerald , Duyster Justus , Schueler Julia , von Bubnoff Nikolas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsHow and why lymphoma cells home to the central nervous system and vitreoretinal compartment in primary diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the central nervous system remain unknown. Our aim was to create an in vivo model to study lymphoma cell tropism to the central nervous system.MethodsWe established a patient‐derived central nervous system lymphoma xenograft mouse model and characterised xenografts derived from four primary and four secondary central nervous system lymphoma patients using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and nucleic acid sequencing technology. In reimplantation experiments, we analysed dissemination patterns of orthotopic and heterotopic xenografts and performed RNA sequencing of different involved organs to detect differences at the transcriptome level.ResultsWe found that xenografted primary central nervous system lymphoma cells home to the central nervous system and eye after intrasplenic transplantation, mimicking central nervous system and primary vitreoretinal lymphoma pathology, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct signatures for lymphoma cells in the brain in comparison to the spleen as well as a small overlap of commonly regulated genes in both primary and secondary central nervous system lymphoma.ConclusionThis in vivo tumour model preserves key features of primary and secondary central nervous system lymphoma and can be used to explore critical pathways for the central nervous system and retinal tropism with the goal to find new targets for novel therapeutic approaches.
Addressing a century‐old hypothesis – do pioneer beetles of Ips typographus use volatile cues to find suitable host trees?
Authors: Lehmanski Linda M. A. , Kandasamy Dineshkumar , Andersson Martin N. , Netherer Sigrid , Alves Eliane Gomes , Huang Jianbei , Hartmann Henrik 
Published: March 2023

SummaryGlobal warming and more frequent climate extremes have caused bark beetle outbreaks of unprecedented scale of these insects in many conifer forests world‐wide. Conifers that have been weakened by drought and heat or damaged by storms are highly susceptible to bark beetle infestation. A large proportion of trees with impaired defences provides good conditions for beetle population build‐up of beetles, but mechanisms driving host search of pioneer beetles are still uncertain in several species, including the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Despite a two‐century‐long history of bark beetle research, we still lack a sufficient understanding of interactions between I. typographus and its host Norway spruce (Picea abies) to forecast future disturbance regimes and forest dynamics. Depending on the scale (habitat or patch) and beetle population state (endemic or epidemic), host selection is likely driven by a combination of pre and postlanding cues, including visual selection or olfactory detection (kairomones). Here, we discuss primary attraction mechanisms and how volatile emission profiles of Norway spruce may provide cues on tree vitality and suitability for attacks by I. typographus, in particular during the endemic phase. We identify several crucial knowledge gaps and provide a research agenda addressing the experimental challenges of such investigations.
Associations between chronic pain, anxiety, and depression among adults in the United States
Authors: Mullins Peter M. , Yong Robert Jason , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the associations of depression and anxiety with chronic pain among U.S. adults.SettingNationally representative cross‐sectional survey analysis.MethodsThe National Health Interview Survey for 2019 was analyzed with respect to the chronic pain module and embedded depression and anxiety scales (PHQ‐8 and GAD‐7). Univariate associations between the presence of chronic pain and depression and anxiety scores were determined. Similarly, associations between the presence of chronic pain and the adults' treating with medications for depression and anxiety were also determined. Odds ratios, adjusted for age and sex, were computed for these associations.ResultsAmong 244.6 million sampled U.S. adults, 50.2 million (95% confidence interval, 48.2–52.2 million) reported chronic pain (20.5%, [19.9%–21.2%] of the population). Adults with chronic pain had elevated severity of depressive symptoms (PHQ‐8 categories: none/minimal: 57.6%, mild: 22.3%, moderate: 11.4%, and severe: 8.7%) versus those without chronic pain (87.6%, 8.8%, 2.3%, and 1.2%; p < 0.001). Adults with chronic pain had elevated severity of anxiety symptoms (GAD‐7 categories: none/minimal: 66.4%, mild: 17.1%, moderate: 8.5%, severe: 8.0%) versus those without chronic pain (89.0%, 7.5%, 2.1%, and 1.4%; p < 0.001). 22.4% and 24.5% of chronic pain sufferers were taking medication for depression and anxiety versus 6.6% and 8.5% of those without chronic pain, respectively (both p < 0.001). Adjusted odds ratios for the association of chronic pain with increasing severity of depression or anxiety and taking a depression or anxiety medication were 6.32 (5.82–6.85), 5.63 (5.15–6.15), 3.98 (3.63–4.37), and 3.42 (3.12–3.75), respectively.ConclusionsThe presence of chronic pain in adults associated with significantly higher severity scores for both anxiety and depression as measured by validated surveys in a nationally representative sample. The same is true for the association between chronic pain and an adult taking medication for depression and/or anxiety. These data highlight the impact of chronic pain has on psychological well‐being within the general population.
A multivariate analysis of phenotypic traits of strains ofFusarium graminearumandF. meridionalesupports structure by species
Authors: Machado Franklin J. , de Barros Aline V. , McMaster Nicole , Schmale David G. , Del Ponte Emerson M. , Vaillancourt Lisa J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat and Gibberella ear and stalk rot (GER and GSR) of maize are diseases of worldwide importance. Several phylogenetic species belonging to theFusarium graminearumspecies complex (FGSC) cause FHB and GER/GSR in Brazil, but the dominant species varies depending on host.Fusarium graminearumis the most frequent cause of FHB, whileF.meridionaleis more often associated with GER/GSR. These two species are distinguished based on fixed sequence variations at a few genetic loci; however, relevance of these differences to reproduction, pathogenicity and toxigenicity has not been fully explored. A range of phenotypic traits were evaluated for a group of strains ofF.graminearumandF.meridionalefrom wheat and maize. These included radial growth on agar plates, sexual and asexual reproduction, fungicide sensitivity, toxigenicity and pathogenicity on wheat and maize. Although intraspecies variation was observed for most traits, a multivariate analysis showed the strains were strongly structured by species, regardless of host origin. Increased sexual or asexual reproduction, deoxynivalenol production and aggressiveness on wheat heads were most important for distinguishing strains ofF.graminearum, while faster mycelial growth in culture, nivalenol production and reduced colonization on detached maize silks were most important for distinguishing strains ofF.meridionale. Thus, the phylogenetic distinction betweenF.graminearumandF.meridionaleis supported by phenotypic differences that are relevant for pathogenicity (aggressiveness and mycotoxin production on wheat heads and maize silks, mycelial growth and sexual and asexual reproduction) and disease management (tebuconazole sensitivity).
Single cell genomics as a transformative approach for aquaculture research and innovation
Authors: Daniels Rose Ruiz , Taylor Richard S. , Robledo Diego , Macqueen Daniel J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSingle cell genomics encompasses a suite of rapidly maturing technologies that measure the molecular profiles of individual cells within target samples. These approaches provide a large up‐step in biological information compared to long‐established ‘bulk’ methods that profile the average molecular profiles of all cells in a sample, and have led to transformative advances in understanding of cellular biology, particularly in humans and model organisms. The application of single cell genomics is fast expanding to non‐model taxa, including aquaculture species, where numerous research applications are underway with many more envisaged. In this review, we highlight the potential transformative applications of single cell genomics in aquaculture research, considering barriers and potential solutions to the broad uptake of these technologies. Focusing on single cell transcriptomics, we outline considerations for experimental design, including the essential requirement to obtain high quality cells/nuclei for sequencing in ectothermic aquatic species. We further outline data analysis and bioinformatics considerations, tailored to studies with the under‐characterized genomes of aquaculture species, where our knowledge of cellular heterogeneity and cell marker genes is immature. Overall, this review offers a useful source of knowledge for researchers aiming to apply single cell genomics to address biological challenges faced by the global aquaculture sector though an improved understanding of cell biology.
Enchanted companionship of Korean Catholic youth amid compressed individualization
Authors: Jung Kyuhyun , Oh Seil 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKorean youth are confronted with “existential vulnerability” in an uncertain labor market. “Compressed individualization” reflects a high‐risk society in Korea's socio‐economic context and acts as the social backdrop for the “privatization of religion.” Despite de‐religionization or the unchurching climate, what are the peculiar features of Korean Catholic youth who are actively participating in a church group? The authors selected five Catholic youth groups and conducted in‐depth interviews with 18 of their members. Highly religious young Catholics demonstrate coping with existential insecurity amid compressed individualization via “enchanted companionship” experienced through prayer, sharing, or service. Despite differences in communal culture between groups, the peculiar features of their enchanted companionship include holistic healing, reciprocal transcendence, and solidarity. Amid the youth's struggles to find their way toward the fullness of life, these communities offer them a “free and gratuitous haven” distinct from secular ties in the utilitarian and disenchanted world. They can also voluntarily discover the significance of life through their activities, reflections, and missions. In sum, this study explains how religiosity is formed through a socio‐existential vulnerability in youth's lived religion at a micro‐level analysis, and signifies enchanted companionship as a key mechanism counteracting the waves of the secular world.
A retrospective study of 1064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser therapy for acquired bilateral nevus of Ota‐like macules
Authors: Yang Xinjun , Bi Chen , E Tianyu , Lin Li , Cao Yongqian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic efficacy of laser treatments for acquired bilateral nevus of Ota‐like macules (ABNOM) varies among studies, and few studies have evaluated the factors affecting therapeutic effects.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of 1064‐nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser (QSNYL) therapy for ABNOM and to identify the factors influencing the outcome.MethodsA total of 110 patients with ABNOM were retrospectively evaluated and received two‐to‐nine treatment sessions. The effects of different factors on the therapeutic effect were analyzed on the basis of the number of treatments, age at first treatment, skin type, lesion color, affected area, number of lesion sites, and presence of concomitant melasma.ResultsThe curative effect was positively correlated with the treatment time and negatively correlated with the increasing age at first treatment (p < 0.05). The curative effect was better in patients with skin type III than those with type IV ( p < 0.05) and in patients with a lesion area of less than 10 cm2 than those with a larger affected area (p < 0.05). Additionally, the treatment effect was poorer in patients with concomitant melasma (p < 0.05). The treatment effect was not significantly correlated with the lesion color or number of affected sites (p > 0.05). Eleven patients (10%) developed postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).ConclusionsEarly and repeated QSNYL therapy achieved satisfactory results for ABNOM. The risk of PIH after laser treatment is highest among patients with older age, darker lesion color, and darker skin color. For patients with ABNOM with concurrent melasma, low‐energy laser therapy is recommended to reduce the risk of melasma aggravation.