bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD4 Phenotypes Are Associated with Reduced Expansion of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Melanoma Patients Treated with Adoptive Cell Therapy
Authors: Thompson Brian , Strange Ann , Amato Carol M , Hester-McCullough Jonathan , Sarnaik Amod A , Weber Jeffrey S , Woods David M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) adoptive cell therapy is effective in treating malignant melanoma, but its success relies on the adequate ex vivo expansion of TIL. To assess correlates of TIL expansion, CD4+ and CD8+ TIL were analyzed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of acetylated histone 3. Patients were grouped into “TIL high” and “TIL low” based on division at the median number of TIL infused. Greater numbers of TIL infused correlated with longer overall survival, and increased frequencies of CD4+ cells infused were negatively correlated with the number of TIL infused. RNA-seq analysis of CD4+ TIL showed increases in Th2/Th17/regulatory T cell–related transcripts and pathways in the TIL-low group. Analysis of a public single-cell RNA-seq dataset validated findings that increased frequencies of CD4+ cells were negatively correlated with the number of TIL infused. TIL-low patients had significantly increased frequencies of CD4+ cells expressing ETS2 and OSM and trended toward increased expression of TNFRSF18.
Advantages of nanocarriers for basic research in the field of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Song Xingshuang , Zhang Yizhi , Tang Ziyan , Du Lina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A major challenge for the efficient treatment of traumatic brain injury is the need for therapeutic molecules to cross the blood-brain barrier to enter and accumulate in brain tissue. To overcome this problem, researchers have begun to focus on nanocarriers and other brain-targeting drug delivery systems. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, basic pathophysiology, current clinical treatment, the establishment of models, and the evaluation indicators that are commonly used for traumatic brain injury. We also report the current status of traumatic brain injury when treated with nanocarriers such as liposomes and vesicles. Nanocarriers can overcome a variety of key biological barriers, improve drug bioavailability, increase intracellular penetration and retention time, achieve drug enrichment, control drug release, and achieve brain-targeting drug delivery. However, the application of nanocarriers remains in the basic research stage and has yet to be fully translated to the clinic.
Shenyi Capsule Prolongs Postoperative Survival of Patients with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Dao-Rui , Hou Wei , Hua Bao-Jin , Zhang Pei-Tong , Xiong Lu , Liu Hao , Mao Qi-Yuan , Lin Hong-Sheng , Piao Bing-Kui 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the postsurgical administration of Shenyi capsules on the outcome and overall survival of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials and Methods:
This was a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Patients with stages I–IIIA NSCLC were randomized to Shenyi or placebo groups (treatment duration: 6 months) and followed up for 10 years. One-year, 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates and survival times were calculated. Symptoms, quality of life, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, and recurrence were evaluated.

Results:
A total of 361 patients (treatment group, n = 185; placebo group, n = 176) were randomized and followed up for 10 years. The two groups had similar baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Among all 361 patients, the treatment group had significantly longer median survival (31 months, respectively) than the placebo group (22.3 months, P < 0.01). In stage II or III patients, recurrence and metastasis rates in the treatment group were lower than those in the placebo group (P < 0.05). The treatment group also had significantly longer 1-year and 2-year survival rates based on the full analysis set and per-protocol set; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the 5-year and 10-year survival rates (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the interaction between stage and age had a significant impact on overall survival (P < 0.05). Compared with the placebo group, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TCM syndrome (P < 0.01) and a significant increase in the Karnofsky Performance Score (P < 0.01) and body weight (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Adjunctive therapy with Shenyi capsules significantly prolonged the 1-year and 2-year survival rates after surgery and improved the quality of life. Moreover, none of the patients experienced severe adverse effects. These results suggest that Shenyi capsules may have clinical applications in treating patients with NSCLC.
Glycine Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis in Myocardial Infarction in Rats Partly through Modulating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3/Nuclear Factor-κB/Transforming Growth Factor-β axis
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Yong , Li Chun , Chen Xu , Zhang Xue-Feng , Tan Nan-Nan , Hong Yi-Qin , Shao Ming-Yan , Tang Bing-Hua , Guo Dong-Qing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Inflammation and fibrosis are strongly associated with each other. Glycine is present in various traditional Chinese medicines and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, the effects of glycine on myocardial fibrosis (MF) in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of glycine therapy on MF and comprehend its underlying mechanisms.

Materials and Methods:
Left anterior descending artery ligation-induced MI in Sprague Dawley rats was leveraged to assess the therapeutic effects of Glycine. Rats received either normal saline or glycine (0.5 mg/g bodyweight) for 7 days.

Results:
Glycine upregulated cardiac ejection fraction and fractional shortening to improve cardiac function, as evaluated by echocardiography. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that glycine could decrease inflammatory cell infiltration and alleviate collagen deposition. Western blotting revealed that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory signaling was also downregulated by glycine treatment. The expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was decreased significantly in the glycine-treated group compared to the model group. Thus, glycine plays a protective role against myocardial ischemia and subsequent MF.

Conclusion:
The protective effects of glycine were achieved partly through STAT3/NF-κB/TGF-β signaling pathway.
Evaluation of clinical and prognostic factors for primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Single-center experience
Authors: Bardakci Murat , Esmer Derya Demirtas , Hafizoglu Emre , Karaman Kemal , Kuzu Omer Faruk , Karakas Hilal , Gungorer Bulent , Uncu Dogan 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Primary gastric lymphomas, which make up the vast majority of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, are rare and the most common subtype is primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PG-DLBCL). In our study, we investigated the clinical and prognostic factors of this lymphoma type as a single-center experience.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2001 and February 2021, 91 patients aged ≥18 years, registered with the diagnosis of primary gastric DLBCL, diagnosed histopathologically, and whose evaluation parameters were reached, were retrospectively scanned.

Results:
The median age of 91 patients with a diagnosis of PG-DLBCL was 58 (20–81, minimum–maximum) years. Of the patients, 64.8% were men and 35.2% were women. While the number of patients with an International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of 0–2 (low–low-intermediate risk) was 54 (59.4%), the number of patients with an IPI score of 3 (high intermediate) was 19 (20.9%), and the number of patients with an IPI score of 4–5 (high risk) was 18 (19.8%). While 52.7% of the patients had a complete response, 20.9% had a partial response, 3.3% had stable disease, and 23.1% had progressive disease. The 10-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for all patients, respectively, were 52.1% and 53.2%. We found factors affecting survival in univariate analysis; age groups (≤60/>60), ECOG groups (0-1/≥2), Lugano stage (I-II/III-IV), LDH level (normal/high), IPI risk groups (low/low-intermediate/high-intermediate/high) and radiotherapy (yes/no). In multivariate analysis, only; age groups (≤60/>60) and IPI risk groups (low/low-intermediate/high-intermediate/high) were found to be independent factors affecting survival. In addition, in our study, we determined that the division of the IPI intermediate risk group into low intermediate and high intermediate is one of the factors predicting prognosis.

Conclusions:
Few studies of PG-DLBCL have investigated the long-term survival rates of patients and primarily examined small patient groups because of the low incidence of the disease. In our study, we think that detailed evaluation of age and especially IPI risk groups play a role in predicting survival.
Determination and comparison of dosimetric parameters of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, field in field, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy techniques in radiotherapy of breast conserving patients
Authors: Takabi Fatemeh Shirani , Broomand Mohammad Ali , Nickfarjam Abolfazl , Asadi Amin , Namiranian Nasim 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Three radiation therapy techniques for breast are common, namely three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), Field-in-Field (FIF), and Intensıty-Modulated Radıotherapy (IMRT). The purpose of this study was to determine and compare dosimetric parameters of three different treatment planning planning types; 3D-CRT, FIF, and IMRT in target and normal tissues after breast-conserving surgery.

Methods:
One hundred patients with left or right breast cancer cooperated in this study. They were divided into three categories (small, medium, and large size) based on breast volume. Three treatment planning techniques were carried out by planner for each patient in Prowess® 5.2 Treatment Planning System. The dosimetric parameters were obtained from dose-volume histograms using the CERR software (MATLAB Company, Washington, USA), which runs as an add-on in MATLAB software.

Results:
3D-CRT technique with the highest value of Dmax creates more hot spots than the other techniques in the tumor region (P = 0.013). IMRT and FIF showed the best uniformity compared to 3D-CRT in all groups with respect to the values of the parameters D98 and D2. IMRT provided the best coverage in the tumor compared to other methods (P < 0.001). 3D-CRT technique yielded a high volume receiving ≥107% of the prescription dose (P < 0.001). Among the three methods, the FIF method results in a lower dose to the lung for treatment based on the V5 and V20 parameters (P < 0.001). Homogeneity index for IMRT was better than FIF, as well as, conformity index (CI) for IMRT and FIF was better than 3D-CRT.

Conclusion:
IMRT and FIF plans offered excellent target coverage and uniformity, whereas FIF had better protection of healthy tissues. Thus FIF method is an efficient method to improve the quality of treatment for breast cancer patients.
Provision of maternal health service in Indonesian primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ekawati Fitriana M. , Putri Dwi Astuti Dharma , Novitasari Dhiana Ayu , Muchlis Mumtihana 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Maternal health services in Indonesia faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. The service had to manage the infection and ensure the continuity of maternity service for women. This research explored in depth the way maternal health service was provided in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic and provided suggestions to improve the service in primary care.

Methods:
We conducted a practical qualitative study using semi-structured interviews and focus groups (FGs) between May and October 2021, with the focus area of study in Yogyakarta province. The participants were general practitioners (GPs), midwives, nurses, obstetricians, and women who had experience providing or accessing maternity care during the pandemic. The data were analysed using an inductive approach of thematic analysis.

Results:
A total of 23 participants participated in the FGs/interviews. Three overarching themes were identified: applied COVID safety measures, confusion and further expectations. COVID-19 safety measures, such as screening, hygiene and triage, were applied in the service. However, challenges and confusion occurred, particularly regarding the limited clinical resources, limited guidelines and escalation plan and patients’ low literacy levels. Participants also expected the development of mobile apps to support care for women.

Conclusion:
Despite the classical challenges in primary care practice, Indonesia implemented strategies to provide maternity care and limit the spread of COVID-19 infection. Continuous improvements and further research are needed to provide practical recommendations and escalation plans to optimise the quality of maternity service in primary care.
Empty stomach together with menstrual bleeding as predictors of committed suicides among women of reproductive age: What a primary physician must know
Authors: Singh Radha Raman , Das Rajiv Ranjan , Kabirpanthi Vikrant , Singh Akash Ranjan , Bakshi Sanjeev , Datta Debranjan , Shiralkar Milind 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Women of reproductive age group (WoRAG) are among the most vulnerable groups to suicide in India. The present study intended to develop a mathematical model to differentiate suicides from homicides among WoRAG.

Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study based on a record review of autopsy at Patna, India, from 2016 to 2021. The cause of deaths was ascertained by autopsies and other records independently by two investigators to reduce the interobserver bias. Independent variables were tested with confirmed suicides to calculate statistically significant association. These variables were further used for developing prediction models for the suicides by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Out of total of 520 autopsies of WoRAG performed by investigators, the cause of death has been confirmed for 62. Of them, 30 were confirmed as suicides. In univariate analysis, suicides were associated with the menstrual bleed (OR 35 CI 6.9,179), gastric emptying (OR 3.9 CI 1.2,12.8), hanging, poisoning, and drowning as mode of death (OR 435 CI 37.4,5061.9). By logistic regression, three prediction models were built to predict suicide; Model I: gastric emptying, Model II: menstrual bleed, and Model III: including both. The area under the curve (AUC) for Models I, II, and III was 0.67 (95%CI 0.34,0.99), 0.92 (95%CI 0.75,1.00), and 0.94 (95%CI 0.82,1.00), respectively. The AUC of Model III differs significantly from that of Model I (P value 0.03) but not with Model II (P value 0.11).

Conclusion:
Menstrual bleed, gastric emptying, and mode of death may be used as a supplement tool in ascertaining the cause of death among WoRAG in medical and legal proceedings.
Diagnostic accuracy of the molecular SARS-CoV-2 rapid test and its use in triaging hospital admissions in the emergency room
Authors: Krishna Sushma , Pillai Ajitha , Rao Hanumantha , Mohan W. D. , Kumar Mahendra 
Published: July 2023

Background:
A false-negative rapid antigen test of COVID-19 in healthcare settings not only causes delays in diagnosis, isolation and treatment but also leads to failures in the infection prevention and control practices of the hospital.

Objectives:
The study objective was to assess the diagnostic performance of ID NOW (Rapid polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) as a COVID-19 triage tool for medical admissions from the emergency room (ER) of our medium-sized tertiary hospital.

Methodology:
Molecular laboratory data with valid ID NOW and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) real time results were collected from February to September 2022 of patients presenting with symptoms of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infections at ER. The diagnostic accuracy of ID NOW (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value) was calculated against the laboratory’s reference standard RT-PCR test.

Results:
A total of 153 patients were tested both by ID NOW and RT-PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the ID NOW assay were 96% (95% confidence interval [CI] 92.49% to 98.92%) and 96.7% (95% CI 91.71% to 98.56%), respectively.

Conclusion:
ID NOW provided a rapid and reliable adjunct for the safe triage of patients with COVID-19 at our centre and can work effectively when integrated into a COVID-19 triage algorithm of the hospital. Diagnostic stewardship can pave the way for better infection control practices of hospitals.
Orbital floor reconstruction using prebent titanium mesh or polyetheretherketone patient-specific implant
Authors: Beder Rafic R. , Breshah Maram N. , Ibrahim Marwa T. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This study was planned to compare between polyetheretherketone patient-specific implant and prebent titanium mesh in orbital floor reconstruction.

Patients and methods
Twelve patients with unilateral orbital floor fracture indicated for reconstruction divided in two equal groups according to the type of implant used. Postoperative evaluation was done for 6 months. Patients of both groups were examined clinically for hypoglobus, enophthalmos, ocular motility and diplopia and radiographically for orbital volume measurement preoperatively and postoperatively. A comparative analysis of the treatment outcomes was performed.

Results
Significant improvement in the external appearance of the eye including hypoglobus, enophthalmos, and ocular motility and diplopia although group II showed one (16.7%) patient with persistent hypoglobus, one (16.7%) patient measured as grade 3 enophthalmos (>2 mm), one (16.7%) patient with marked limitation of ocular motility (grade 3) and diplopia. There was significant improvement in the orbital volume of the affected side in both groups with no significant difference postoperatively between both groups during different follow up periods. There was significant difference between the orbital volume of the affected and nonaffected sides preoperatively and the difference between them was 3.91 ± 0.92 cm3 for group I and 3.64 ± 1.29 cm3 for group II which markedly decreased postoperatively was 0.50 ± 0.72 cm3 for group I and 1.35 ± 0.86 cm3 for group II with no significant difference between affected and nonaffected eyes.

Conclusion
The results of this study showed that polyetheretherketone patient-specific implant is precise, predictable, and demonstrated higher clinical efficacy in comparison to prebent titanium mesh in orbital floor reconstruction. Preformed prebent titanium mesh is not preferred in large defects.
Computer-assisted surgical simulation for temporomandibular joint reconstruction with costochondral graft
Authors: Beder Rafic R. , Ibrahim Marwa T. , Breshah Maram N 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This study was planned to evaluate the accuracy of virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional (3D) printed templates in reconstruction of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with costochondral graft.

Patients and methods
Eight patients (15–45) years diagnosed with TMJ deformities were included. A composite skull model was obtained with data from computed tomography. A virtual surgical simulation was performed using Dolphin Imaging 11.7 Premium. Then, the virtual plan was transferred to the operative field using 3D (CAD-CAM) printed surgical template. These templates were designed by 3D printing using data from the virtual surgical simulation for optimum selection of the rib graft, accurate tailoring of chondral and costal graft and as an osteotomy guide. The preoperative measurement including mouth opening, facial asymmetry and differences between the actual mandibular position and the virtual plan were analyzed.

Results
All patients obtained satisfactory changes in the facial profile and marked improvement in postoperative mouth opening. Postoperative radiographs, computed tomography images, and quantitative analysis showed an acceptable precision for the position of the costochondral graft to the glenoid fossa.

Conclusion
The results of this study showed that virtual surgical planning and 3D printed guiding templates facilitated treatment planning, provided an accurate osteotomy guide, facilitated repositioning of bony segments and contouring of the mandibular anatomy in the treatment of TMJ deformity.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid plus nanohydroxyapatite versus nanohydroxyapatite alone on bone regeneration in rabbits
Authors: Gamal Sherouk M. M. , Bilal May M. , Soheir El-Sayed El Soheir 
Published: July 2023

Background
Hyaluronic acid (HLA) occurs naturally in the human body as a key component of the extracellular matrix. Furthering, HLA has a long history of usage in bone regeneration because it can be used as an osteo-promoting materials that can be added to nano-hydroxyapatite particles (HANP) to enhance its osteo-inductive properties. Hence, the purpose of this research was to compare histologically the bone regenerative ability of HLA + HANP versus HANP alone in the treatment of bony defects in rabbit calveria.

Materials and methods
This trial was conducted on 10 rabbits, where three identical bony defects in calveria were surgically created in each rabbit (with a total of 30 defects), one filled with of HLA + HANP (group I), the other was filled with only HANP (group II) and the third one was left empty as a control (group III). Rabbits were sacrificed at the fourth and eighth weeks postoperatively and samples were collected for histological and histomorphometric analysis.

Results
All animals survived the experiment successfully and stayed active and alert throughout the study. Both studied groups (I and II) were characterized by greater new bone formation compared to control group. Additionally, the newly formed bone was more evident in association with group I than group II.

Conclusion
HLA accelerated the initiation of new bone production when coupled with NHAP for bone augmentation in the management of osseous abnormalities.