bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Study on the Dermatoscopic Findings of Darier's Disease in Skin Type VI
Authors: Khan Samavia , Farabi Banu , Zufall Alina , Peacock Anjelica , Helmandollar Kenneth , Shulman Kenneth , Safai Bijan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present dermatoscopic findings of long-standing, untreated Darier's disease (DD) in skin type VI that differs from current findings in literature. Robust hyperkeratotic polygonal-shaped plugs without a surrounding white halo and classic vascular features were noted on the anterior scalp, neck, axilla, midline trunk, and extensors. Through this case, we aim to contribute to emerging literature in describing features of DD under dermatoscopy to augment diagnosis.
First‐Principles Electronic Structure Calculations on Modified Graphene Sheets for Solar Cell Applications: A Review
Authors: Liang Xuefeng , Tan Xinyuan , Zhao Yongze , Feng Xin , Li Huifang , He Yan , Zhang Lisheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs industrial development and over‐consumption of fossil fuel resources lead to an increasing demand for renewable and sustainable energy sources, making solar energy an ideal source of energy. Graphene has attracted much attention in the field of solar cells due to its unique electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, as well as its high specific surface area, high carrier mobility, and high Young's modulus. In this comprehensive review article, we summarize the theoretical advances of graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, hybridized graphene, and graphene doped with heteroatoms, in the field of solar cells. The observed enhancement of solar cell performance due to the incorporation of graphene and its derivatives is explained in detail by first‐principles. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the fundamental mechanisms of the interactions between graphene and its derivatives solar cells through first‐principles to provide theoretical support for their continued development in the field of solar cells, while paving the way for the creation of new strategies to improve solar cell performance and advance the development of sustainable energy technologies.
Microfluidic Brain‐on‐a‐Chip: From Key Technology to System Integration and Application
Authors: Wang Zhaohe , Zhang Yongqian , Li Zhe , Wang Hao , Li Nuomin , Deng Yulin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs an ideal in vitro model, brain‐on‐chip (BoC) is an important tool to comprehensively elucidate brain characteristics. However, the in vitro model for the definition scope of BoC has not been universally recognized. In this review, BoC is divided into brain cells‐on‐a‐ chip, brain slices‐on‐a‐chip, and brain organoids‐on‐a‐chip according to the type of culture on the chip. Although these three microfluidic BoCs are constructed in different ways, they all use microfluidic chips as carrier tools. This method can better meet the needs of maintaining high culture activity on a chip for a long time. Moreover, BoC has successfully integrated cell biology, the biological material platform technology of microenvironment on a chip, manufacturing technology, online detection technology on a chip, and so on, enabling the chip to present structural diversity and high compatibility to meet different experimental needs and expand the scope of applications. Here, the relevant core technologies, challenges, and future development trends of BoC are summarized.
Cell‐Based Micro/Nano‐Robots for Biomedical Applications: A Review
Authors: Chen Bo , Sun Hongyan , Zhang Jiaying , Xu Junjie , Song Zeyu , Zhan Guangdong , Bai Xue , Feng Lin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMicro/nano‐robots are powerful tools for biomedical applications and are applied in disease diagnosis, tumor imaging, drug delivery, and targeted therapy. Among the various types of micro‐robots, cell‐based micro‐robots exhibit unique properties because of their different cell sources. In combination with various actuation methods, particularly externally propelled methods, cell‐based microrobots have enormous potential for biomedical applications. This review introduces recent progress and applications of cell‐based micro/nano‐robots. Different actuation methods for micro/nano‐robots are summarized, and cell‐based micro‐robots with different cell templates are introduced. Furthermore, the review focuses on the combination of cell‐based micro/nano‐robots with precise control using different external fields. Potential challenges, further prospects, and clinical translations are also discussed.
A failed proof can yield a useful test
Authors: Huang Li , Meyer Bertrand 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA successful automated program proof is, in software verification, the ultimate triumph. In practice, however, the road to such success is paved with many failed proof attempts. Unlike a failed test, which provides concrete evidence of an actual bug in the program, a failed proof leaves the programmer in the dark. Can we instead learn something useful from it? The work reported here takes advantage of the rich information that some automatic provers internally collect about the program when attempting a proof. If the proof fails, the Proof2Test tool presented in this article uses the counterexample generated by the prover (specifically, the SMT solver underlying the Boogie tool used in the AutoProof system to perform correctness proofs of contract‐equipped Eiffel programs) to produce a failed test, which provides the programmer with immediately exploitable information to correct the program. The discussion presents Proof2Test and the application of the ideas and tool to a collection of representative examples.
Sustainable lake restoration: From challenges to solutions
Authors: Tammeorg Olga , Chorus Ingrid , Spears Bryan , Nõges Peeter , Nürnberg Gertrud K. , Tammeorg Priit , Søndergaard Martin , Jeppesen Erik , Paerl Hans , Huser Brian , Horppila Jukka , Jilbert Tom , Budzyńska Agnieszka , Dondajewska‐Pielka Renata , Gołdyn Ryszard , Haasler Sina , Hellsten Seppo , Härkönen Laura H. , Kiani Mina , Kozak Anna , Kotamäki Niina , Kowalczewska‐Madura Katarzyna , Newell Silvia , Nurminen Leena , Nõges Tiina , Reitzel Kasper , Rosińska Joanna , Ruuhijärvi Jukka , Silvonen Soila , Skov Christian , Važić Tamara , Ventelä Anne‐Mari , Waajen Guido , Lürling Miquel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSustainable management of lakes requires us to overcome ecological, economic, and social challenges. These challenges can be addressed by focusing on achieving ecological improvement within a multifaceted, co‐beneficial context. In‐lake restoration measures may promote more rapid ecosystem responses than is feasible with catchment measures alone, even if multiple interventions are needed. In particular, we identify restoration methods that support the overarching societal target of a circular economy through the use of nutrients, sediments, or biomass that are removed from a lake, in agriculture, as food, or for biogas production. In this emerging field of sustainable restoration techniques, we show examples, discuss benefits and pitfalls, and flag areas for further research and development. Each lake should be assessed individually to ensure that restoration approaches will effectively address lake‐specific problems, do not harm the target lake or downstream ecosystems, are cost‐effective, promote delivery of valuable ecosystem services, minimize conflicts in public interests, and eliminate the necessity for repeated interventions. Achieving optimal, sustainable results from lake restoration relies on multidisciplinary research and close interactions between environmental, social, political, and economic sectors.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Water Quality
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Exploring yeast‐based microbial interactions: The next frontier in postharvest biocontrol
Authors: Agirman Bilal , Carsanba Erdem , Settanni Luca , Erten Huseyin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFresh fruits and vegetables are susceptible to a large variety of spoilage agents before and after harvest. Among these, fungi are mostly responsible for the microbiological deteriorations that lead to economically significant losses of fresh produce. Today, synthetic fungicides represent the first approach for controlling postharvest spoilage in fruits and vegetables worldwide. However, the emergence of fungicide‐resistant pathogen biotypes and the increasing awareness of consumers toward the health implications of hazardous chemicals imposed an urgent need to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides in the food supply; this phenomenon strengthened the search for alternative biocontrol strategies that are more effective, safer, nontoxic, low‐residue, environment friendly, and cost‐effective. In the last decade, biocontrol with antagonistic yeasts became a promising strategy to reduce chemical compounds during fruit and vegetable postharvest, and several yeast‐based biocontrol products have been commercialized. Biocontrol is a multipartite system that includes different microbial groups (spoilage mold, yeast, bacteria, and nonspoilage resident microorganisms), host fruit, vegetables, or plants, and the environment. The majority of biocontrol studies focused on yeast‐mold mechanisms, with little consideration for yeast–bacteria and yeast–yeast interactions. The current review focused mainly on the unexplored yeast‐based interactions and the mechanisms of actions in biocontrol systems as well as on the importance and advantages of using yeasts as biocontrol agents, improving antagonist efficiency, the commercialization process and associated challenges, and future perspectives.
Black-Tailed and Mule Deer
Authors: Larsen Randy T. , McMillan Brock R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBlack-tailed and mule deer (both designated as Odocoileus hemionus; hereafter referred to as “deer” or “mule deer”) comprise an iconic species that is broadly distributed across western North America. This species occurs in all rangeland types including grasslands, desert shrublands, forests, savannah woodlands, and even portions of tundra. The distribution of mule deer has changed little since Euro-American settlement, but abundance has fluctuated in response to environmental variation and rangeland management practices. These deer are medium-sized, polygynous mammals classified as generalist herbivores (foregut fermenters). Population growth in this species is strongly influenced by survival of adult females and recruitment of young. The management of rangelands has direct influence on deer populations given the wide distribution of this species and measurable responses to rangeland management practices. Rangeland management practices including development of water, grazing by domestic livestock, prescribed fire, energy extraction, vegetation alteration, and others can have positive or negative influences or both on this species. Although mule deer are widely distributed and relatively abundant, conservation of this species is challenged by rapid changes currently occurring on rangelands of western North America. Altered fire regimes due to climate change and invasive plants, competition (with feral horses [Equus ferus caballus], livestock, and other wild ungulates), development of energy, ex-urban and urban expansion, and many other challenges threaten continued abundance of this species. Rangelands and their associated management will continue to play a disproportionally large role in the conservation of mule deer in the future.
Pronghorn
Authors: Jones Paul F. , Reinking Adele K. , Jakes Andrew F. , Miller Myrna M. , Creekmore Terry , Guenzel Rich 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPronghorn (Antilocapra americana) are an endemic ungulate in western North America and occupy rangelands concurrently with domestic livestock. When rangelands are in healthy condition, there is little-to-no competition between pronghorn and domestic livestock. When rangeland health deteriorates, direct competition occurs when both compete for limited resources. Pronghorn are a highly mobile species that cope with challenging environmental conditions (both natural and human-imposed) through daily and seasonal movements to more favorable habitats. Maintaining healthy rangelands and rangeland connectivity will allow pronghorn to move freely and adapt to increased human disturbance. In addition, understanding the cumulative effects and identifying mitigation strategies of deleterious anthropogenic effects (i.e., habitat conversion, linear features, energy development, and climate changes) will help to ensure long-term persistence of pronghorn populations. Mitigation will be critical, in conjunction with expanded research efforts, to help gain a greater knowledge of the role of environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbances on pronghorn fitness, persistence, and their ability to move across the land in response to an ever-changing landscape.
Elk and Rangelands
Authors: Kohl Michel T. , Cleveland Shawn M. , Ellis Calvin C. , Halseth Ashlyn N. , Merkle Jerod A. , Proffitt Kelly M. , Rowland Mary M. , Wisdom Michael J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElk (Cervus canadensis) are the second largest member of the deer family that reside in North America. Historically, the species occupied most of North America, however, today, they occupy only a small proportion of that range. Across their historical and contemporary distribution, they occupied diverse vegetation communities including both rangelands and forest ecosystems. Given this broad distribution, elk face numerous conservation and management threats including competition with wild and domestic ungulates, disease considerations, and human-elk conflicts. This chapter highlights these and other conservation and management concerns, especially as they pertain to rangelands. In closing, we identify current and future research needs that will be important for the continued persistence and expansion of elk populations across their range.
Prairie Grouse
Authors: McNew Lance B. , Dwayne Elmore R. , Hagen Christian A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrairie grouse, which include greater prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido), lesser prairie-chicken (T. pallidicinctus), and sharp-tailed grouse (T.phasianellus), are species of high conservation concern and have been identified as potential indicator species for various rangeland ecosystems. Greater prairie-chickens are found in scattered populations in isolated tallgrass prairie throughout the Midwest, but primarily occur in the more expansive tallgrass and mixed-grass prairies in the Great Plains. Lesser prairie-chickens occur in mixed-grass, shortgrass, and arid shrublands of the southern Great Plains. Sharp-tailed grouse occur in mixed-grass, shortgrass, shrub steppe, and prairie parkland vegetation types and are broadly distributed across the northern Great Plains, portions of the Great Basin, and boreal parkland areas of Alaska and Canada. Due to reliance on a variety of rangeland types, consideration of management and anthropogenic activities on rangelands are critical for prairie grouse conservation. Grazing is one of the more prominent activities that has the potential to affect prairie grouse by altering plant structure and composition, and recent research has attempted to identify the mechanisms of grazing effects on prairie grouse. Fire is another important disturbance affecting grouse habitat, especially considering how the current distribution and intensity of fire differs from what occurred historically. Additionally, human infrastructure in the form of roads and energy development, as well as land conversion and degradation such as tillage and tree encroachment can fragment and reduce habitat for prairie grouse. Finally, weather including drought, extended rain, and temperature extremes are common across the distribution of prairie grouse. Although not directly under management control, the effects of weather are an overarching factor that need to be considered in conservation planning. This chapter will summarize the life-histories and habitat requirements of prairie grouse, discuss how rangeland management and other human activities affect them, highlight major threats to prairie grouse and provide recommendations for future management and research.
Proving Termination of C Programs with Lists
Authors: Hensel Jera , Giesl Jürgen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere are many techniques and tools to prove termination of programs, but up to now these tools were not very powerful for fully automated termination proofs of programs whose termination depends on recursive data structures like lists. We present the first approach that extends powerful techniques for termination analysis of programs (with memory allocation and explicit pointer arithmetic) to lists.
Proving Almost-Sure Innermost Termination of Probabilistic Term Rewriting Using Dependency Pairs
Authors: Kassing Jan-Christoph , Giesl Jürgen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDependency pairs are one of the most powerful techniques to analyze termination of term rewrite systems (TRSs) automatically. We adapt the dependency pair framework to the probabilistic setting in order to prove almost-sure innermost termination of probabilistic TRSs. To evaluate its power, we implemented the new framework in our tool .
Towards Fast Nominal Anti-unification of Letrec-Expressions
Authors: Schmidt-Schauß Manfred , Nantes-Sobrinho Daniele 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper describes anti-unification algorithms for computing least general generalizations of two expressions in a functional programming language with recursive let. First, by exploring a semantic approach to the problem, we argue for an improvement of the technique used in previous papers which avoids infinite chains of properly descending generalizations. Second, we present a (non-deterministic) nominal general anti-unification algorithm applicable to general expressions, which is complete, terminating and requires polynomial time. Third, we propose a specialized anti-unification algorithm applicable to two or more garbage-free ground expressions that produces a single least general generalization in polynomial time, and which can also exploit further semantically correct equivalences. Our results have potential applications in finding clones in functional programs.
Naturbasierte Lösungen zur Stärkung der Resilienz in Städten
Authors: Zandersen Marianne , Banzhaf Ellen , Knopp Julius , Scheffler Janice , Levin Gregor , Guell Cornelia , Wicke Marielene 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungAls naturbasierte Lösungen (NBL) werden auf EU-Ebene naturbezogene Ansätze bezeichnet, die als Instrumente zur Bewältigung gesellschaftlicher Herausforderungen hinsichtlich des Klimawandels dienen. Eine Stadt erhöht ihre Resilienz, wenn ihre NBL-Ansätze auch soziale Probleme und das Wohlergehen der Bürger*innen ansprechen. Dieser Beitrag ist der beispielhaften Anwendung von NBL in drei europäischen Städten unterschiedlicher Größe gewidmet: einer Megacity (Region Paris, Frankreich), einer mittelgroßen Stadt (Aarhus, Dänemark) und einer Kleinstadt (Velika Gorica, Kroatien). Dabei wird untersucht, welche Herausforderungen und Chancen bei der Anwendung von NBL in verschiedenen sozialen und ökologischen Systemen auftreten und inwiefern NBL ein Schlüssel zur städtischen Resilienz sind.
Die resiliente Stadt aus der Sicht des Stadtentwicklungsplaners Stefan Heinig
Authors: Heinig Stefan 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn dem Interview äußert sich der Stadtplaner Stefan Heinig zum Verständnis und der Anwendung des Resilienzkonzepts in der Stadtplanungspraxis. Dabei greift er seine Erfahrungen aus dem Expertenbeirat des Bundesinnenministeriums zur Erarbeitung des Memorandums Urbane Resilienz auf und beleuchtet die Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung des Memorandums.
Urbane Resilienz, Realexperimente und die Stadt als Labor: Zum paradoxen Zusammenhang von Beharrungsvermögen und Veränderung
Authors: Groß Matthias 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDas im Rahmen von Diskussionen um nachhaltige urbane Reallabore genutzte Konzept der Realexperimente knüpft an die These an, dass Städte im 21. Jahrhundert zunehmend in ergebnisoffene Prozesse der „experimentellen“ Innovation und gesellschaftlichen Gestaltung einbezogen werden. Resilienzkonzepte hingegen verweisen traditionell auf Möglichkeiten eines Systems, seine Funktion und Struktur gegenüber externen Veränderungen zu bewahren. Ein Kernthema aktueller Diskussionen um Resilienz ist damit der paradoxe Zusammenhang zwischen dem Beharrungsvermögen sozial-ökologischer Verhältnisse und eingeforderter radikaler Veränderung. Der folgende Beitrag arbeitet diesen Widerspruch in Diskussionen zur nachhaltigen Stadtentwicklung heraus und bietet vorsichtige konzeptuelle Vorschläge an, um beide Seiten – Resilienz und Experiment – mit der Idee strategischen Nichtwissens produktiv zu verknüpfen.
Impulse für eine kritische Debatte zur resilienten Stadtentwicklung am Beispiel der grünen Gentrifizierung
Authors: Haase Annegret , Schmidt Anika 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungZiel des Beitrages ist es, am Beispiel der grünen Gentrifizierung Herausforderungen für eine auf Resilienz ausgerichtete Stadtentwicklung zu diskutieren. Er soll Impulse für eine kritische Resilienzdebatte geben, die den Kriterien der Sozialverträglichkeit und Gerechtigkeit verpflichtet ist und innerhalb derer Dimensionen und Bedingungen von Resilienz differenziert in den Blick zu nehmen sind. Der Beitrag führt die aktuellen Resilienzdiskussionen und die Perspektiven auf grüne Gentrifizierung zusammen, wobei die Resilienz als Denkhintergrund und die grüne Gentrifizierung als das illustrierende Beispiel fungiert. Zugleich zeigen die empirischen Befunde, dass aktuelle Resilienzstrategien und Politiken zu deren Umsetzung blinde Flecken und ungelöste Fragen beinhalten.
A bulk manifestation of Krylov complexity
Authors: Rabinovici E. , Sánchez-Garrido A. , Shir R. , Sonner J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There are various definitions of the concept of complexity in Quantum Field Theory as well as for finite quantum systems. For several of them there are conjectured holographic bulk duals. In this work we establish an entry in the AdS/CFT dictionary for one such class of complexity, namely Krylov or K-complexity. For this purpose we work in the double-scaled SYK model which is dual in a certain limit to JT gravity, a theory of gravity in AdS2. In particular, states on the boundary have a clear geometrical definition in the bulk. We use this result to show that Krylov complexity of the infinite-temperature thermofield double state on the boundary of AdS2 has a precise bulk description in JT gravity, namely the length of the two-sided wormhole. We do this by showing that the Krylov basis elements, which are eigenstates of the Krylov complexity operator, are mapped to length eigenstates in the bulk theory by subjecting K-complexity to the bulk-boundary map identifying the bulk/boundary Hilbert spaces. Our result makes extensive use of chord diagram techniques and identifies the Krylov basis of the boundary quantum system with fixed chord number states building the bulk gravitational Hilbert space.