bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principles of Care for Patients with Craniofacial Ballistic Injuries
Authors: Yu Jack , Tidwell Taylor , Schaefer Amanda , Lin Kant , Lee Chia-Chun , Wang Tien-Hsiang 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The mortality rate from firearm injuries in the US has decreased from 30.3 per 100,000 people in 1990 to 20.6 in 2010, likely due to improvement in treatments. However, the incidence of gunshot wounds continues to increase, including the number of mass shootings, even though the definition of which is still unclear. According to Gun Violence Archives (GVA) there were 346 mass shootings in the US, defined as 4 or more injuries in a single incident, in 2017, with 437 deaths and 1803 injured. This article briefly reviews the ballistics of firearms pertinent for maxillofacial surgeons and summarizes the lessons learned from caring for patients with ballistic injuries to the craniofacial region based on the available peer-reviewed publications and the authors’ combined experience of more than six decades. Specifically, we discuss in details the roles of plastic surgeons as a member of the multidisciplinary trauma team in the following three phases: damage control, definitive treatment, long-term rehabilitation.
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Weir Natalie L. , Guan Weihua , Karger Amy B. , Klein Barbara E. K. , Meuer Stacy M. , Cotch Mary Frances , Guo Xiuqing , Li Xiaohui , Tan Jingyi , Genter Pauline , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Rotter Jerome I. , Ipp Eli , Tsai Michael Y. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Inflammation is associated with diabetic retinopathy development and progression, and previous studies have demonstrated that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine if omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are associated with decreased risk and severity of retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods:
In a combined population of 1,356 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Genetics of Latino Diabetic Retinopathy cohorts, odds ratios using logistic regression were determined to assess the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and retinopathy.

Results:
In 1,356 participants with type 2 diabetes, individuals in the fourth quartile of DHA were 17% less likely to have retinopathy compared with the first quartile (P = 0.009, CI: 0.72–0.95). Secondary analysis revealed 38% lower severity of retinopathy in individuals in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile of DHA (P = 0.006; CI: 0.44–0.87) and EPA + DHA (P = 0.004; CI: 0.44–0.85). No significant associations were observed between EPA and retinopathy.

Conclusion:
DHA is inversely associated with the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Increased intake of dietary sources of DHA may provide some protection against retinopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetes and warrants more research as a preventative option.
DIAGNOSTIC YIELD OF IN VITRO VITREOUS BIOPSY FOR INTRAOCULAR LYMPHOMA AT VARIABLE VITREOUS CUTTER SPEEDS USING 25-GAUGE VITRECTOMY
Authors: Tekumalla Sruti , Xu David , Awh Katherine , Philp Nancy , Milman Tatyana , Garg Sunir 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma is the most common intraocular lymphoproliferative disorder. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of pars plana vitrectomy, specifically using modern high cut rate dual-cycle cutters, on in vitro cell viability and diagnostic yield.

Methods:
Human Burkitt lymphoma cell line Namalwa at 2 x 10^5 cells/mL was aspirated by 25-gauge dual-blade guillotine-type vitrectomy at five speeds (500, 1,000, 4,000, 7,500, or 15,000 cuts per minute). Cell viability and diagnostic yield in each subtype group were determined using hemocytometry, viable cell count using Cell Counting Kit-8, and pathologist-guided manual count.

Results:
No significant deviation in cell count was identified in any cut rate by ANOVA (P = 0.61), and no trends in the number of viable cells were identified across cut rates (R2 = 0.188, P = 0.47). Among histologic cell counts per cut-rate, neither linear regression (R = 0.531, P = 0.16) nor ANOVA (P = 0.096) were statistically significant.

Conclusion:
There was no significant degradation in the number of viable cells with increasing cut speed. These results suggest that in contrast to previous findings using 20g or 23g vitrectomy for diagnostic vitrectomy, modern vitrectomy systems may be used at up to 15,000 cpm without compromising the viability of lymphoma cells.
CT-quantified sarcopenic visceral obesity is associated with poor transplant waitlist mortality in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Ha Nghiem B. , Fan Bo , Shui Amy M. , Huang Chiung-Yu , Brandman Danielle , Lai Jennifer C. 
Published: February 2023

Sarcopenic obesity is associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality than seen with either sarcopenia or obesity alone. We aimed to define sarcopenic visceral obesity (SVO) using CT-quantified skeletal muscle index and visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio and to examine its association with waitlist mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Included were 326 adults with cirrhosis awaiting liver transplantation in the ambulatory setting with available abdominal CT within 6 months from enrollment between February 2015 and January 2018. SVO was defined as patients with sarcopenia (skeletal muscle index <50 cm2/m2 in men and <39 cm2/m2 in women) and visceral obesity (visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio ≥1.21 in men and ≥0.48 in women). The percentage who met criteria for sarcopenia, visceral obesity, and SVO were 44%, 29%, and 13%, respectively. Cumulative incidence of waitlist mortality was higher in patients with SVO compared to patients with sarcopenia without visceral obesity or visceral obesity without sarcopenia at 12 months (40% vs. 21% vs. 12%) (overall logrank p=0.003). In univariable Cox regression, SVO was associated with waitlist mortality (HR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.58–7.39), which remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, ascites, encephalopathy, MELDNa, liver frailty index, and different body compositions (HR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.11–6.30). SVO was associated with increase waitlist mortality in patients with cirrhosis in the ambulatory setting awaiting liver transplantation. Concurrent loss of skeletal muscle and gain of adipose tissue seen in SVO quantified by CT may be a useful and objective measurement to identify patients at risk for suboptimal pretransplant outcomes.
Acupuncture at Hegu point (LI4) for myofascial temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Wang Fang-Li , Chu Jia-Mei , Yu Jing , Wang Qin 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a common disease. To date, no study has reported the outcomes of acupuncture treatment of a single acupoint (LI 4) bilaterally for 1 session in patients with myofascial pain temporomandibular disorders (MTMD). This report describes the successful addition of acupuncture on pain and mandibular function in a patient with MTMD.

Patient concerns:
A 29-year-old patient reported pain on mastication, especially food of harder consistency in right preauricular area and limitation of the mouth opening for 2 years and getting worse since 1 month ago.

Diagnoses:
In this study, the diagnosis of MTMD was based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). The patient had no obvious differential diagnosis.

Interventions:
The patient received a 30-minute acupuncture treatment bilaterally at the Hegu large intestine 4 (LI 4) acupoint.

Outcomes:
All outcome measures (the visual analogueue scale, maximum mouth opening, bilateral movement) substantially improved. Moreover, during the observation period, the patient’s myofascial pain and mandibular movement did not worsen.

Lessons:
After a 30-minute acupuncture treatment, mandibular movement, function, and pain of the masticatory muscle had been improved. However, we could not rule out the possibility of an influence of the passage of time or the Hawthorne effect. The costs of the treatment of MTMD may be reduced, if this therapy was proved useful in future controlled studies.
New-onset functional dyspepsia after COVID-19
Authors: Khatri Rishabh , Patel Jay , Song Jun , Parkman Henry P. 
Published: February 2023

Rationale:
Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may have gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain and burning. However, these symptoms may be due to functional dyspepsia (FD), a heterogeneous disorder with some documented cases being due to postinfectious sequela.

Patient Concerns:
We report a case of a 57-year-old female with well-controlled celiac disease and vitamin D deficiency who developed early satiety, abdominal pain, stomach fullness, postprandial burning, and weight loss after testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019.

Diagnoses:
Her symptoms started improving with medical treatment of FD. The timeline of symptom onset, persistence, and eventual improvement suggests she had postinfectious FD as a likely sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.

Interventions:
She failed to improve with antiemetic and anti-reflux medications, and work-up revealed no endoscopic evidence of her dyspepsia.

Outcomes:
Her symptoms started improving with medical treatment of FD.

Lessons:
This case report highlights the importance of suspecting coronavirus disease 2019 as the etiology in patients who develop dyspepsia but have no endoscopic abnormalities.
Efficacy of Infliximab Biosimilar for Maintenance Therapy in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Following Infliximab Originator
Authors: Hinshaw Amie , Cares Kristen , Thomas Ron , El-Baba Mohammad 
Published: February 2023

Objectives:
The safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of Infliximab biosimilar agents in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults have been shown. These agents have been recommended for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease, and although institutions are initiating therapy with the biosimilar agents (IFX-B), few are switching maintenance therapy from the originator (IFX-O). The aim was to compare biochemical markers of disease activity of children with inflammatory bowel disease on maintenance therapy with IFX-B to their previous markers on IFX-O.

Methods:
Single-center, retrospective chart review of 25 children with inflammatory bowel disease who transitioned from Remicade (IFX-O) to the biosimilar agent Inflectra (IFX-B) for maintenance therapy. Analysis included demographics and various biochemical markers of disease control. The nonparametric-related samples Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare mean ranks of these markers (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, platelet count, albumin, body mass index z score) between the last 12 months on IFX-O and the first 12 months on IFX-B.

Results:
Between March 2018 and June 2018, the majority of patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease on maintenance therapy with IFX-O at our institution were transitioned to maintenance therapy with IFX-B. Of the 25 children included, 17 were diagnosed with Crohn disease and 8 with ulcerative colitis. The results of all, except albumin value, supported retention of the null hypothesis that there would not be a statistically significant difference in the biochemical markers of disease activity between the 2 medications.

Conclusions:
IFX-B is as effective as IFX-O for maintenance therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease when comparing biochemical markers of disease activity.
Feeding Pathway for Children on High Flow Nasal Cannula Decreases Time to Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Soshnick Sara H. , Mark Gabriella S. , Weingarten-Arams Jacqueline , Chuu Ying , Chandhoke Swati , Medar Shivanand S. , Philips Kaitlyn , Cassel-Choudhury Gina N. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) is commonly used for children with respiratory failure, yet no standardized guidelines exist on how to initiate, escalate, and maintain enteral nutrition (EN) for these patients. EN in critically ill children is associated with decreased hospital length of stay, decreased ventilator days, and fewer acquired infections. We aimed to decrease the mean time to EN initiation by 50% after the start of HFNC in 6 months.

Methods:
This quality improvement project used the Model for Improvement to inform interventions. A multidisciplinary team created an EN pathway for critically ill patients on HFNC. We conducted Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles related to implementing a standardized pathway for EN on HFNC. The primary outcome was time to EN initiation once on HFNC. Secondary outcomes were time to goal caloric EN, duration of HFNC, and adverse events. Outcomes were plotted on statistical process control charts and analyzed for special cause variation between baseline and intervention periods.

Results:
We included 112 patients in the study. Special cause variation occurred for both primary and secondary outcomes. The mean time to EN initiation decreased from 24.6 hours to 11.7 hours (47.5%). Mean time to goal feeds decreased from 25.8 hours to 15.1 hours (58.5%). Mean HFNC duration did not show any special cause variation. There were no episodes of aspiration.

Conclusion:
Implementation of a standardized pathway for EN on patients receiving HFNC resulted in decreased time to initiation of EN and time to goal caloric EN with no significant increase in adverse events.
Ade novomissense variant inEZH1associated with developmental delay exhibits functional deficits inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Jangam Sharayu , Briere Lauren C. , Jay Kristy , Andrews Jonathan C , Walker Melissa A. , Rodan Lance H. , High Frances A. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Yamamoto Shinya , Sweetser David A. , Wangler Michael 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEZH1(Enhancer of Zeste, homolog 1), a Polycomb Repressive Complex-2 (PRC2) component, is involved in a myriad of cellular processes through modifying histone 3 lysine27 (H3K27) residues.EZH1represses transcription of downstream target genes through H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Genetic mutations in histone modifiers have been associated with developmental disorders, whileEZH1has not yet been linked to any human disease. However, the paralogEZH2is associated with Weaver syndrome. Here we report a previously undiagnosed individual with a novel neurodevelopmental phenotype identified to have ade novovariant inEZH1, p.Ala678Gly, through exome sequencing. The individual presented in infancy with neurodevelopmental delay and hypotonia and was later noted to have proximal muscle weakness. The variant, p.A678G, is in the SET domain, known for its methyltransferase activity, and was the best candidate variant found in the exome. HumanEZH1/2are homologous to flyEnhancer of zeste E(z), an essential gene in flies, and the residue (A678 in humans, A691 inDrosophila) is conserved. To further study this variant, we obtainedDrosophilanull alleles and generated transgenic flies expressing wild-type(E(z)WT)and the variant(E(z)A691G). TheE(z)A691Gvariant led to hyper H3K27me3 while theE(z)WTdid not, suggesting this is as a gain-of-function allele. When expressed under the tubulin promotorin vivothe variant rescued null-lethality similar to wild-type but theE(z)A691Gflies exhibit bang sensitivity and shortened lifespan. In conclusion, here we present a novelEZH1 de novovariant associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Furthermore, we found that this variant has a functional impact inDrosophila. Biochemically this allele leads to increased H3K27me3 suggesting gain-of-function, but when expressed in adult flies theE(z)A691Ghas some characteristics of partial loss-of-function which may suggest it is a more complex allelein vivo.
A Multitask Approach for Automated Detection and Segmentation of Thyroid Nodules in Ultrasound Images
Authors: Radhachandran Ashwath , Kinzel Adam , Chen Joseph , Sant Vivek , Patel Maitraya , Masamed Rinat , Arnold Corey W. , Speier William 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn increase in the incidence and diagnosis of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer underscores the need for a better approach to nodule detection and risk stratification in ultrasound (US) images that can reduce healthcare costs, patient discomfort, and unnecessary invasive procedures. However, variability in ultrasound technique and interpretation makes the diagnostic process partially subjective. Therefore, an automated approach that detects and segments nodules could improve performance on downstream tasks, such as risk stratification.Current deep learning architectures for segmentation are typically semi-automated because they are evaluated solely on images known to have nodules and do not assess ability to identify suspicious images. However, the proposed multitask approach both detects suspicious images and segments potential nodules; this allows for a clinically translatable model that aptly parallels the workflow for thyroid nodule assessment. The multitask approach is centered on an anomaly detection (AD) module that can be integrated with any U-Net architecture variant to improve image-level nodule detection. Ultrasound studies were acquired from 280 patients at UCLA Health, totaling 9,888 images, and annotated by collaborating radiologists. Of the evaluated models, a multi-scale UNet (MSUNet) with AD achieved the highest F1 score of 0.829 and image-wide Dice similarity coefficient of 0.782 on our hold-out test set. Furthermore, models were evaluated on two external validations datasets to demonstrate generalizability and robustness to data variability. Ultimately, the proposed architecture is an automated multitask method that expands on previous methods by successfully both detecting and segmenting nodules in ultrasound.
SNORD90 induces glutamatergic signaling following treatment with monoaminergic antidepressants
Authors: Lin Rixing , Kos Aron , Lopez Juan Pablo , Dine Julien , Fiori Laura M. , Yang Jennie , Ben-Efraim Yair , Aouabed Zahia , Ibrahim Pascal , Mitsuhashi Haruka , Wong Tak Pan , Ibrahim El Cherif , Belzung Catherine , Blier Pierre , Farzan Faranak , Frey Benicio N. , Lam Raymond W. , Milev Roumen , Müller Daniel J. , Parikh Sagar V. , Soares Claudio , Uher Rudolf , Nagy Corina , Mechawar Naguib , Foster Jane A. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Chen Alon , Turecki Gustavo 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTMost available antidepressants target the serotonergic system, selectively or non-selectively, and yield slow and inconsistent clinical responses, whereas the monoamine changes they elicit do not correlate with treatment response. Recent findings point to the glutamatergic system as a target for rapid acting antidepressants. Investigating different cohorts of depressed individuals treated with serotonergic and other monoaminergic antidepressants, we found that the expression of a small nucleolar RNA, SNORD90, was elevated following treatment response. When we increased SNORD90 levels in the mouse anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a brain region regulating mood responses, we observed antidepressive-like behaviors. We identified neuregulin 3 (NRG3) as one of the targets of SNORD90, which we show is regulated through the accumulation of N6-methyladenosine modifications leading to YTHDF2 mediated RNA decay. We further demonstrate that a decrease in NRG3 expression resulted in increased glutamatergic release in the mouse ACC. These findings support a molecular link between monoaminergic antidepressant treatment and glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Exploring the Effectiveness of PAC Rehabilitation for the Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury : A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yang Ju-Lan , Hsu Ying-Lin , Lin Chih-Ming , Lei Ruoh-Lih 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccording to a report from the World Health Organization, traumatic brain injury (TBI) will surpass many diseases by 2020 and become the main cause of death and disability. Therefore, post-acute care (PAC) is immediately given active integrated care during the golden period of post-acute care to restore its function, which will reduce the medical expenses of subsequent rehospitalization.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of post-acute care for the patients with traumatic brain injury.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study that enrolled 168 patients over 18 years of age (inclusive) before and after PAC. The researcher collected the differences between the before and after receiving PAC collected about the Barthel Index (ADL), Lawton-Brody IADL Scale (IADL), and EuroQoL-5D(EQ-5D) by using purposive sampling. It was using machine learning and Power BI to analyze research results statistically.ResultsThe results show that traumatic brain injury patients who received PAC rehabilitation had significant functional recovery effects(p-value <0.001). Additionally, the relationship between Barthel index, IADL and EQ-5D, the results show that when the Barthel index score is higher (Pearson correlation coefficient =1), the IADL score will also be higher (Pearson correlation coefficient =0.481), showing a positive correlation. When the Barthel index score is higher (Pearson correlation coefficient =1), the EQ-5D score will be lower (Pearson correlation coefficient =-0.582), showing a negative correlation. When the IADL score is higher (Pearson correlation coefficient =1), the Barthel index score will be higher (Pearson correlation coefficient =0.481), showing a positive correlation, while the EQ-5D score will be lower (Pearson correlation coefficient =-0.496), showing there is a negative correlation.ConclusionThe results of this study confirm that PAC has essential effects. This result can be used as a reference for national planning health policies, cross-disciplinary professional design cases, and family PAC intervention plans to restore activity functions as soon as possible, improve the quality of life, and reduce the burden of family and social care.
Peripheral nerve induction of inhibitory brain circuits to treat Tourette syndrome: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Iverson Ann M. , Arbuckle Amanda L. , Ueda Keisuke , Song David Y. , Bihun Emily C. , Koller Jonathan M. , Wallendorf Michael , Black Kevin J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA prior study showed that rhythmic, but not arrhythmic, 12 Hz stimulation of the median nerve (MNS) entrained sensorimotor cortex EEG signal, and found that 10 Hz MNS improved tics in Tourette syndrome (TS). However, no control condition was tested and stimulation blocks lasted only 1 minute. We set out to replicate the TS results and to test whether tic improvement occurs by the proposed cortical entrainment mechanism. Thirty-two people with TS, age 15-64, completed two study visits with repeated MNS on and off blocks in random order, one visit for rhythmic and one for arrhythmic MNS. Subjects and staff were blind to order; a video rater was additionally blind to stimulation and to order of visits and blocks. Rhythmic MNS at 10 Hz improved tics. Both rhythmic and arrhythmic 12 Hz MNS improved tic frequency, intensity and urges without significant difference. Participant masking was effective and there was no carryover effect. Several participants described dramatic benefit. Discomfort was minimal. MNS benefit did not persist after the end of stimulation. These results replicate the tic benefit from MNS, but show that the EEG entrainment hypothesis cannot explain that benefit. Another electrophysiological mechanism may explain benefit; alternatively, these data do not exclude a placebo effect.RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04731714.