bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VOLUNTEERING: ANALYSIS OF THE REGULATORY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
Authors: Shayakhmetova Rimma R. 
Published: May 2023

Volunteering as a social phenomenon has been widely discussed by scientists and specialists over the past few years. International documents proclaim the equality of citizens’ rights to participate in volunteer activities, and also emphasize the need to strengthen the volunteer movement in all countries of the world. However, there are difficulties in a single comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of “volunteering”. The article analyzes the activities of international organizations regulating volunteer work. The analysis of modern legislation after the adoption of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation is carried out, and the possible consequences for the development of the social institution of “volunteering” in modern society are described.
Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze the modern comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of “volunteering”, the activities of international organizations in the development of volunteering and modern Russian legislation on volunteering.
Methodology. The main research method was the content analysis of Russian and foreign literature on volunteering and regulatory documents (official websites of the UN, UNDP, federal authorities). To achieve the goal of the study, the methodology of system analysis was used.
Results. The results of the work showed that volunteering is understood as a form of social service, carried out according to the free will of citizens, aimed at the disinterested provision of socially significant services at the local, national or international levels, contributing to personal growth and development of citizens (volunteers) performing this activity. The role of International Organizations is important in consolidating efforts in promoting volunteering. National governments and public institutions should work closely with voluntary organizations in setting common priorities for the development of the world. The state has recognized the importance of volunteering in its legal acts. Effective implementation of the socio-economic development of Russia is possible in partnership with civil institutions, including volunteers. Modern social challenges (pandemic COVID-19, fires, floods, etc.) reinforce and emphasize the importance of volunteering.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in the field of social and youth policy.
Older patient age and prior antimicrobial use strongly predict antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from urinary tract infections among female outpatients
Authors: Mitrani-Gold Fanny S. , Kaye Keith S. , Gupta Vikas , Mulgirigama Aruni , Trautner Barbara W. , Scangarella-Oman Nicole E. , Yu Kalvin C. , Ye Gang , Joshi Ashish V. 
Published: May 2023

Background
Increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), including multidrug resistance (MDR), among Escherichia coli (E. coli) makes treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) difficult. We assessed risk factors for fluoroquinolone (FQ)-not-susceptible (NS) and MDR E. coli among US female outpatients.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study utilized data from female outpatients aged ≥ 12 years with E. coli positive urine culture and oral antimicrobial prescription ± 1 day from index. We assessed patient-level factors within 90 and 91–360 days prior to index as predictors of FQ NS (intermediate/resistant) and MDR (NS to ≥ 1 drug across ≥ 3 classes) E. coli: age, prior oral antimicrobial dispensing, prior AMR phenotypes, prior urine culture, and prior hospitalization.

Results
Among 1,858 outpatients with urine-isolated E. coli, 369 (19.9%) had FQ NS and 59 (3.2%) had MDR isolates. After multivariable adjustment, independent risk factors (p < 0.03) for FQ NS E. coli were older age, prior FQ NS isolates, prior dispensing of FQ, and dispensing of any oral antibiotic. Independent risk factors (p < 0.02) for MDR were prior extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates (ESBL+), prior FQ dispensing, and prior oral antibiotic dispensing.

Conclusions
In women with uUTI due to E. coli, prior dispensing of FQ or any oral antibiotic within 90 days predicted FQ NS and MDR urine E. coli. Prior urine culture with FQ NS isolates and older age were predictive of FQ NS E. coli. Prior ESBL+ was predictive of MDR E. coli. These data could help identify patients at risk for AMR E. coli and inform empiric prescribing.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-associated early neutropenia in Mexican adults living with HIV: A cohort study
Authors: Jacobo-Vargas Thalia Berenice , Báez-Saldaña Renata , Cruz-Hervert Luis Pablo , Fortoul Teresa Imelda , Ahumada-Topete Victor Hugo , Rodríguez-Ganén Odalis , Vega-Barrientos Ricardo Stanley 
Published: May 2023

Introduction
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is the antimicrobial of first choice in the treatment and prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients, particularly in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). TMP/SMX use entails different adverse effects, and its association with early neutropenia is minimally documented. This study aimed to identify the risk of early neutropenia associated with TMP/SMX use in adults living with HIV in Mexico.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted in TMP/SMX-naïve adults living with HIV admitted to a third-level hospital between August 2019 and March 2020. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. According to patients’ diagnostic, if they required treatment or prophylaxis against PCP, medical staff decided to prescribe TMP/SMX, as it is the first-line treatment. The risk of TMP/SMX induced early neutropenia, as well as associated factors were analyzed through a bivariate model and a multivariate Poisson regression model. The strength of association was measured by incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% confidence interval.

Results
57 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 40 patients were in the TMP/SMX treatment-group for treatment or prophylaxis of PCP (204.8 person-years of observation, median 26.5 days) and 17 patients were in the non-treatment group because they did not need the drug for treatment or prophylaxis of PCP (87.0 person-years of observation, median 21 days). The incidence rate of early neutropenia in the TMP/SMX-treatment group versus non-treatment group was 7.81 and 1.15 cases per 100 person-years, respectively. After adjusting for stage 3 of HIV infection and neutrophil count <1,500 cells/mm3 at hospital admission, the current use of TMP/SMX was not associated with an increase in the incidence rate ratio of early neutropenia (adjusted IRR: 3.46; 95% CI: 0.25–47.55; p = 0.352).

Conclusions
The current use of TMP/SMX in Mexican adults living with HIV was not associated with an increase in the incidence rate ratio of early neutropenia.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on key performance indicators in three Saudi hospitals
Authors: Alharbi Abeer , Almana Ranya S. , Aljuaid Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

Objective
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) disrupted healthcare systems and medical care worldwide. This study attempts to assess the performance of three Saudi hospitals during COVID-19 by comparing waiting times for outpatient appointments and the volume of elective surgeries before and after COVID-19.

Methods
We used ADA’A data collected from three Saudi hospitals for this retrospective cohort study. The outcome variables were “Waiting Time for Appointment” and “Elective OR Utilization”. The hospitals included in this study were: a 300-bed maternity and children’s hospital; a 643-bed general hospital; and a 1230-bed tertiary hospital. We included all patients who visited the OPD and OR in the time period from September 2019 to December 2021. A two-way ANOVA test was used to examine the differences in the outcome variables by hospital and by the phase of COVID-19.

Results
For the elective OR utilization rate, the results showed that both the hospital and the phase of COVID-19 were significantly different (p-value < 0.05). On average, the elective OR utilization rate dipped considerably in the early phase of COVID-19 (33.2% vs 44.9%) and jumped sharply in the later phase (50.3%). The results showed that the waiting time for OPD appointment was significantly different across hospitals and before and after COVID-19 in each hospital (p-value < 0.05). the waiting time dropped during the early phase of COVID-19 for both the general hospital (GEN) (24.6 days vs 34.8 days) and the tertiary hospital (MDC) (40.3 days vs 48.6 days), while the maternity and children’s hospital (MCH)’s score deteriorated sharply (24.6 days vs 9.5 days).

Conclusion
This study indicates that COVID-19 led to a significant impact on elective surgery rates and waiting time for OPD appointments in the early stage of the pandemic when the lockdown strategy was implemented in the country. Although the elective surgery rate had decreased at the designated COVID-hospital, the waiting time for OPD appointment had improved. This is a clear indication that the careful planning and management of resources for essential services during pandemic was effective.
Pylephlebitis Complicated by Hepatic Abscesses due to Fusobacterium Nucleatum: A Case of Lemierre's Syndrome Variant and Literature Review
Authors: Jaber Fouad , Alsakarneh Saqr , Campbell John , Awad Ameen , Mohamed Wael T. , Wittler Kaitlin , Ghoz Hassan , Clarkston Wendell 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
In gastrointestinal-variant Lemierre syndrome, Fusobacterium nucleatum can cause pylephlebitis and liver abscesses. We report a 62-year-old woman presenting with abdominal pain and altered mental status. Abdominal computed tomography showed hepatic lesions and thrombosis in the superior mesenteric and portal veins. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed multiple cystic hepatic masses suspicious for abscess vs metastases. Malignancy workup was unrevealing. F. nucleatum grew on both blood and ultrasound-guided liver aspirate cultures. Twelve weeks of antibiotics and anticoagulants resolved her condition. Given the high mortality rates, prompt detection and treatment of gastrointestinal-variant Lemierre syndrome is critical to delivering quality, patient-centered care.
Research on large deformation control technology of highly weathered carbonaceous slate tunnel
Authors: Cui Guangyao , Chen Qinlong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In order to further explore the large deformation control technology of high ground stress soft rock tunnel, this study takes the highly weathered carbonaceous shale section of Muzhailing tunnel as the research background, the large deformation control effect of scheme 1 “three-step method” and scheme 2 “pilot tunnel expansion method” are compared and analysed by field test and numerical simulation. The results show that the numerical simulation results are consistent with the field test, and the deformation trend of the tunnel is the same. The maximum deformation of the tunnel occurs at the middle step. From the perspective of tunnel deformation, control effect is reduced by about 10% compared with scheme 1, and the deformation of both schemes does not exceed the reserved deformation (400 mm). From the perspective of construction efficiency, the construction efficiency of scheme 2 is 23.07% lower than that of scheme 1. Taking into account the deformation control effect and construction efficiency, it is recommended that the three-step method should be adopted in the construction of this section, and the research results can provide a reference for the construction of the carbonaceous slate section of the tunnel.
Go-betweens and competitors. The Japanese residents in Southeast Asia at the crossroads between communities (17th century)
Authors: Bachelet Pierre-Emmanuel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
During the 17th century, the unprecedented opening of Japan to the outside world drew hundreds of Japanese to travel to and settle in Southeast Asia. These Japanese residents, some of whom continued to maintain a strong connection with Japan, acquired a privileged position in their host societies, as merchants, officials, or soldiers. This position enabled them to occupy the central function of go-betweens in the relations that the Southeast Asian states sought to establish with foreign merchants. This paper aims to demonstrate, through a careful analysis of sources and the use of modeling, that the Japanese in Southeast Asia crossed borders in multiple ways. Not only did they move outside the borders of Japan, but through their role as go-betweens they were also at the interface between social, ethnolinguistic, and religious groups. They used this favorable situation to facilitate communication as well as to erect barriers, according to their own interests. Although migrants imported practices from Japan when they settled there, this paper argues that in order to understand the solidity of their settlement and the success they and their children experienced they should be seen as frontier actors rather than Japanese migrants.
Two different semiotic frameworks for viewing Japan
Authors: Hopkins John A. F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I would like to examine, within a semiotic framework, two contrasting views of the contemporary culture of Japan – which is still relatively little-known outside its own shores. First, there is theoutsider’s view, according to which Japan is firmly situated in the “Far East”. This is the usual interpretant of subject-sign Japan, which is taken to refer – as its object-sign – to all that isdifferentfrom the “West”: language, culture, society, manners, et cetera. In other words, this is Japan still masquerading as the “Mysterious East”. The second view of Japan is that ofinsiders: mostly ethnic Japanese – but with nearly 3 million residents of different ethnicities. Beginning in the mid-1800s, Japan set out to modernise itself. By the mid Meiji Period (1887), the government had adopted the sloganDatsu-A, Nyû-Ô, literally ‘Get out of Asia/embrace Europe’. As a result, in many areas (health care and longevity, income distribution, education, public safety, public and personal cleanliness, social politeness, respect for the law, architectural technology, precision manufacturing, and cuisine), Japan is in a league of its own. The object-signs of this newer Japan are all non-Asian aspects of Japanese culture. Their interpretant is the “Far West”.
Crystal structure of tetracene-5,12-dione, C18H10O2
Authors: Zheng Xiaoxin , Jiang Jinke , Liu Yang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
C18H10O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 3.95660(10) Å, b = 12.2859(3) Å, c = 24.5014(6) Å, V = 1191.02(5) Å3, Z = 4,

R

g
t

${R}_{gt}$

(F) = 0.0609,

w

R

r
e
f

$w{R}_{ref}$

(F
2) = 0.1660, T = 302(2) K.
Crystal structure of dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-5,10-dione, C14H4O2S4
Authors: Jia Yan , Yu Pengling , Li Shihui , Zhao Yumei , Zheng Xiaoxin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
C14H4O2S4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 3.85180(10) Å, b = 8.9728(2) Å, c = 18.0073(4) Å, β = 93.554(1)°, V = 621.16(3) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0411, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1091, T = 301(2) K.
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV: a multifunctional enzyme with implications in several pathologies including cancer
Authors: Arrebola Sánchez Yarini , Almeida García Fabiola , Ojeda del Sol Daniel , Valdés-Tresanco Mario E. , Ortiz Carlos David , Sánchez Ramírez Belinda , Pascual Alonso Isel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ectopeptidases are particularly interesting due to their potential to regulate/dysregulate the peptide mediated signaling cellular pathways because the active site located to the extracellular space. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is currently one of the ectopeptidases that has a great and complex influence on important physiological and pathological processes. Due to its influence on the immune system, type 2 diabetes mellitus, pulmonary pathologies, cardiovascular system, viral infections and cancer, DPP-IV is very attractive as a possible therapeutic target. However, its versatility makes such expectations very difficult. The aim of this work is to summarize relevant structural and functional aspects of DPP-IV and the role of this protein in several pathologies with special emphasis on cancer. DPP-IV role in cancer seems to depend on specific location, histologic type of tumour, tumour microenvironment, and presence/absence of molecules able to interact with DPP-IV. Because of DPP-IV controversial effects, generalizations are difficult and most of the time the role of DPP-IV must be analyzed case by case. However, new evidences in cell lines, animal models and clinical studies suggest that DPP-IV inhibitors open a promissory window through new therapeutic strategies against some cancers.
Arousal and Locomotion Differently Modulate Activity of Somatostatin Neurons across Cortex
Authors: Khoury Christine F. , Fala Noelle G. , Runyan Caroline A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArousal powerfully influences cortical activity, in part by modulating local inhibitory circuits. Somatostatin (SOM)-expressing inhibitory interneurons are particularly well situated to shape local population activity in response to shifts in arousal, yet the relationship between arousal state and SOM activity has not been characterized outside of sensory cortex. To determine whether SOM activity is similarly modulated by behavioral state across different levels of the cortical processing hierarchy, we compared the behavioral modulation of SOM-expressing neurons in auditory cortex (AC), a primary sensory region, and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), an association-level region of cortex, in mice. Behavioral state modulated activity differently in AC and PPC. In PPC, transitions to high arousal were accompanied by large increases in activity across the full PPC neural population, especially in SOM neurons. In AC, arousal transitions led to more subtle changes in overall activity, as individual SOM and Non-SOM neurons could be either positively or negatively modulated during transitions to high arousal states. The coding of sensory information in population activity was enhanced during periods of high arousal in AC, but not in PPC. Our findings suggest unique relationships between activity in local circuits and arousal across cortex, which may be tailored to the roles of specific cortical regions in sensory processing or the control of behavior.
The structure of fly Teneurin‐m reveals an asymmetric self‐assembly that allows expansion into zippers
Authors: Li Jingxian , Bandekar Sumit J. , Araç Demet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTeneurins are conserved cell adhesion molecules essential for embryogenesis and neural development in animals. Key to teneurin function is the ability of its extracellular region to form homophilic interactions in cis and/or in trans. However, our molecular understanding of teneurin homophilic interaction remains largely incomplete. Here, we showed that an extracellular fragment of Teneurin‐m, the major teneurin homolog in flies, behaves as a homodimer in solution. The structure of Teneurin‐m revealed that the transthyretin‐related domain from one protomer and the β‐propeller domain from the other mediates Teneurin‐m self‐association, which is abolished by point mutation of conserved residues. Strikingly, this architecture generates an asymmetric oligomerization interface that enables expansion of Teneurin‐m into long zipper arrays reminiscent of protocadherins. An alternatively spliced site that exists only in vertebrates and regulates homophilic interaction in mammalian teneurins overlaps with the fly Teneurin‐m self‐association interface. Our work provides a molecular understanding of teneurin homophilic interaction and sheds light on its role in teneurin function throughout evolution.
Глобальне громадянське суспільство в умова цифрової трансформації
Authors: Корсун Віталій 
Published: May 2023

Метою дослідження є визначення функцій глобального громадянського суспільства та його вплив на вирішення глобальних проблем в умовах цифрової трансформації суспільства. Також предметом розгляду є взаємодія інституцій глобального громадянського суспільства з державами, їх міждержавними об'єднаннями, оскільки секторальна взаємодія на цьому рівні в умовах цифрової трансформації зазнає останнім часом помітних змін.
Відзначено "цивілізаційну" функцію глобального громадянського суспільства, оскільки останнє є суб'єктом формування нового світового порядку та сучасного гуманітарного світогляду, що ґрунтується на першості справедливості та прав людини. Розглянуто різні аспекти діяльності глобального громадянського суспільства в умовах цифровізації, як одного з головних факторів формування національного громадянського суспільства у країнах, що знаходяться у процесі трансформації – таких, як Україна.
Зроблено висновок, що незважаючи на багато визначень та концепцій, громадянське суспільство має одне загальне розуміння як простір поза урядом, сім'єю та ринком. Це той простір, в якому окремі особи і колективні організації висувають загальні ідеї і мають спільні цілі. В умовах цифровізації, формування глобального громадянського суспільства призвело до розширення уявлень про коло учасників громадянського суспільства, як на глобальному так і на національному рівнях. Насьогодні до їх складу входять окрім неурядових організацій, також громадські рухи, групи корінних народів, благодійні та релігійні організації, оператори засобів масової комунікації (в першу чергу Інтернет, соціальні мережі тощо), наукові кола, організації діаспори, лобістські та консультаційні групи, аналітичні та дослідницькі центри, професійні асоціації та фонди. Це коло постійно розширюється як кількісно та і якісно. Навіть політичні партії і приватні компанії можуть вважатись елементами цифрового громадянського суспільства. Публічне управління в умовах цифрової трансформації все більше стає полем діяльності різноманітних глобальних інституцій та структур, які розглядаються саме як актори глобального громадянського суспільства.
Fibre and short-chain carbohydrate composition in rye varieties, novel industrial milling fractions and breads
Authors: Szentmiklóssy M.K.J. , Jaksics E. , Farkas A. , Pusztai É. , Kemény S. , Németh R. , Tömösközi S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRye is an important raw material of bread due to tradition and its favourable nutritional and technological qualities. Despite the beneficial fibre composition, a special group of short-chain carbohydrates, the so called FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols) may cause problems for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The aim of our work was to investigate the non-starch carbohydrate (dietary fibre compounds, short-chain carbohydrates) composition of rye varieties, and of their novel milling fractions obtained from industrial milling trials and test loaves made from them. Regarding fibre and short chain carbohydrate composition, rye varieties did not show significant differences. In new subfractions, fibre and FODMAP composition were described, among profiles most of them differ from commonly used flours, independently from variety. The yeast fermentation and baking caused a decrease in water-extractable arabinoxylan content, at the same time increased the substitution pattern of water-extractable arabinoxylans. Furthermore, breadmaking process decreased the fructan content, and therefore increased the fructose level, thus modifying the short-chain carbohydrate composition. Based on our knowledge, this research is among the first ones investigating the fibre and short-chain composition of rye from the seeds to the consumable final products.