bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rock surface luminescence dating of gravel determines the age of a glacial outburst megaflood, Glacial Lake Missoula, Montana, USA
Authors: Smith Larry N. , Sohbati Reza , Jain Mayank 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGiant gravel bars are important archives of megafloods; however, determining their depositional ages requires reliable geochronometric methods. Five gravel bars, reaching heights of 150–170 m, formed in the bedrock-lined Alberton Gorge along the Clark Fork River, Montana (USA), during draining of Glacial Lake Missoula (GLM). We report the first numerical ages for megaflood deposits in the GLM basin by successfully applying the novel optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) rock surface dating technique to date cobbles collected from three locations along one bar’s transport direction. Depth-dependent infrared stimulated luminescence and post-infrared pulsed OSL signals showed that exteriors of only 3 out of the 38 collected cobble samples were well bleached by exposure to daylight before burial, and hence suitable for dating. The cobbles provided ages of 16.5 ± 0.9, 18.5 ± 1.4, and 21.7 ± 1.1 ka, all of which are indistinguishable from the average cosmogenic nuclide age of 18.2 ± 1.5 ka (n = 4) for a large megaflood in the Channeled Scabland, eastern Washington State. The average of the two younger ages, 17.5 ± 1.0 ka, is our best estimate of the deposit age. We interpret the older age to be from a cobble that was reworked by the flood. Our results show that these techniques have great potential for providing reliable chronologies for paleofloods and other high-energy depositional events.
Stranding continental crustal fragments during continent breakup: Mantle suture reactivation in the Nain Province of Eastern Canada
Authors: Heron Philip J. , Peace A.L. , McCaffrey K.J.W. , Sharif A. , Yu A.J. , Pysklywec R.N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarth’s continental crust has evolved through a series of supercontinent cycles, resulting in a patchwork of Archean cores surrounded by terranes, fragments, and slivers of younger crustal additions. However, the dispersal (and/or stranding) of continental fragments during breakup is not well understood. Inherited structures from previous tectonic activity may explain the generation of continental terranes by controlling first-order deformation during rifting. Here, we explored the influence of lithospheric deformation related to ancient orogenesis, focusing on the impact of the Torngat orogen in the genesis of the Nain Province continental fragment in Eastern Canada. We present three-dimensional continental extension models in the presence of an inherited lithospheric structure and show that a narrow continental terrane could be separated and stranded by deep lithospheric scarring. The results show that continental terranes formed by this method would be limited to a width of 100–150 km, imposed by tectonic conditions during continental suturing. The findings have broad implications, demonstrating an original theory on the fundamental geologic problem of terrane generation and continent breakup.
Gestational age and hospital admission costs from birth to childhood: a population-based record linkage study in England
Authors: Hua Xinyang , Petrou Stavros , Coathup Victoria , Carson Claire , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Quigley Maria A , Boyle Elaine , Johnson Samantha , Macfarlane Alison , Rivero-Arias Oliver 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the association between gestational age at birth and hospital admission costs from birth to 8 years of age.DesignPopulation-based, record linkage, cohort study in England.SettingNational Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England, UK.Participants1 018 136 live, singleton births in NHS hospitals in England between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2006.Main outcome measuresHospital admission costs from birth to age 8 years, estimated by gestational age at birth (<28, 28–29, 30–31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42 weeks).ResultsBoth birth admission and subsequent admission hospital costs decreased with increasing gestational age at birth. Differences in hospital admission costs between gestational age groups diminished with increasing age, particularly after the first 2 years following birth. Children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks) and very preterm (28–31 weeks) still had higher average hospital admission costs (£699 (95% CI £419 to £919) for <28 weeks; £434 (95% CI £305 to £563) for 28–31 weeks) during the eighth year of life compared with children born at 40 weeks (£109, 95% CI £104 to £114). Children born extremely preterm had the highest 8-year cumulative hospital admission costs per child (£80 559 (95% CI £79 238 to £82 019)), a large proportion of which was incurred during the first year after birth (£71 997 (95% CI £70 866 to £73 097)).ConclusionsThe association between gestational age at birth and hospital admission costs persists into mid-childhood. The study results provide a useful costing resource for future economic evaluations focusing on preventive and treatment strategies for babies born preterm.
Resection of an elusive parathyroid adenoma in the aortopulmonary window
Authors: Bondje Sophie , Kaplan Felicity , Palazzo Fausto , Barwick Tara 
Published: February 2023

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the most common cause of hypercalcaemia and is caused by a single parathyroid adenoma in the neck in 85% or more of patients. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines published in May 2019 advise that preoperative imaging is offered prior to parathyroid surgery for PHPT if it will inform surgical approach. If imaging, typically a neck ultrasound and a second modality that may use ionising radiation, does not identify the adenoma or is discordant, it is advised that surgery is performed by a surgeon with expertise in the management of unlocalised parathyroid disease.The cure rate in such cases is over 96%. Occasionally, however, PHPT cure can be challenging.A woman in her late 40s presented with bilateral renal calculi and was found to have PHPT. Following false positive imaging and three non-curative surgical procedures, removal of a supernumerary ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the aortopulmonary window via sternotomy achieved definitive cure.
Self-reported dual sensory impairment and related factors: a European population-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Leveziel Nicolas , Marillet Simon , Braithwaite Tasanee , Peto Tunde , Ingrand Pierre , Pardhan Shahina , Bron Alain M , Jonas Jost B , Resnikoff Serge , Julie Anne Little , Davis Adrian C , McMahon Catherine M , Bourne Rupert R A 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundData on population-based self-reported dual vision and hearing impairment are sparse in Europe. We aimed to investigate self-reported dual sensory impairment (DSI) in European population.MethodsA standardised questionnaire was used to collect medical and socio-economic data among individuals aged 15 years or more in 29 European countries. Individuals living in collective households or in institutions were excluded from the survey.ResultsAmong 296 677 individuals, the survey included 153 866 respondents aged 50 years old or more. The crude prevalence of DSI was of 7.54% (7.36–7.72). Among individuals aged 60 or more, 9.23% of men and 10.94% of women had DSI. Eastern and southern countries had a higher prevalence of DSI. Multivariable analyses showed that social isolation and poor self-rated health status were associated with DSI with ORs of 2.01 (1.77–2.29) and 2.33 (2.15–2.52), while higher income was associated with lower risk of DSI (OR of 0.83 (0.78–0.89). Considering country-level socioeconomic factors, Human Development Index explained almost 38% of the variance of age-adjusted prevalence of DSI.ConclusionThere are important differences in terms of prevalence of DSI in Europe, depending on socioeconomic and medical factors. Prevention of DSI does represent an important challenge for maintaining quality of life in elderly population.
Comprehensive assessment and classification of upper and lower limb pain in athletes: a scoping review
Authors: Purcell Ciarán , Duignan Ciara , Fullen Brona M , Ryan Shiofra , Ward Tomas , Caulfield Brian 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundUpper and lower limb (peripheral) pain is prevalent in athletes. Contemporary research prioritises multidimensional pain assessment and classification. This study aims to review comprehensive athlete pain assessment practices against the reference standard (International Olympic Committee, IOC Athlete Pain framework), identifying trends and highlighting gaps.Methods and analysisSix databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute standardised methodology for scoping reviews and is reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Title and abstract, full-text screening and data charting were completed by two independent reviewers.Inclusion criteriaOriginal research, systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines reporting assessment or classification of pain in athletes of any age with chronic or acute peripheral pain in English on human participants from database inception.Results470 studies with 175 different pain assessment tools were mapped against the IOC Athlete Pain Framework. Papers included tools from neurophysiological (470/100%), biomechanical (425/90%), affective (103/22%), cognitive (59/13%) and socioenvironmental (182/39%) domains. Pain classification was included in 108 studies (23%). 4 studies (0.85%) defined pain. Athletes with physical disability were included in 13 (3%) studies and no studies included athletes with intellectual disabilities. Socioeconomic factors were addressed in 29 (6%) studies.DiscussionNeurophysiological and biomechanical domains are frequently addressed. Affective, socioenvironmental and cognitive tools are under-represented. Potential tools for use by researchers and clinicians are highlighted. Defining and classifying pain and determining predominant pain mechanisms is needed in both research and clinical practice. More work on underrepresented populations is needed.ConclusionThis review informs researchers and clinicians working with athletes in pain how pain assessment and classification is currently conducted and highlights future priorities.
The impact of economic sanctions on health and health systems in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Pinna Pintor Matteo , Suhrcke Marc , Hamelmann Christoph 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionEconomic sanctions restrict customary commercial and financial ties between states to induce change in political constitution or conduct of the targeted country. Although the stated goals of sanctions often include humanitarian objectives, prospective procedures for health risk assessment are not regularly incorporated in their implementation. Moreover, past experience suggests that the burden of economic isolation may fall on the civilian population. We present key findings from a WHO-sponsored evidence review on the impact of economic sanctions on health and health systems in low-income and middle-income countries, aiming at comprehensive coverage and explicit consideration of issues of causality and mechanisms.MethodsBroad searches of PubMed and Google Scholar (1970–2021) were designed to retrieve published and grey English-language literature expected to cut across disciplines, terminology and research methods. Studies providing an impact estimate were rated by a structured assessment based on ROBINS-I risk of bias domains, synthesised via vote counting and contextualised into the broader literature through a thematic synthesis.ResultsIncluded studies (185) were mostly peer-reviewed, mostly single-country, largely coming from medicine and public health, and chiefly concerned with three important target countries—Iraq, Haiti and Iran. Among studies providing impact estimates (31), most raised multiple risk-of-bias concerns. Excluding those with data integrity issues, a significant proportion (21/27) reported consistently adverse effects of sanctions across examined outcomes, with no apparent association to assessed quality, focus on early episodes or publication period. The thematic synthesis highlights the complexity of sanctions, their multidimensionality and the possible mechanisms of impact.ConclusionFuture research should draw on qualitative knowledge to collect domain-relevant data, combining it with better estimation techniques and study design. However, only the adoption of a risk assessment framework based on prospective data collection and monitoring can certify claims that civilians are adequately protected.
Undiagnosed hypoglycaemia disorders in children detected when hypoglycaemia occurs in the setting of illness: a retrospective study
Authors: Rosenfeld Elizabeth , Alzahrani Ohoud , De León Diva D 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveWhether hypoglycaemia incidentally detected during intercurrent illness in children requires an endocrine workup remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the yield of conducting a diagnostic evaluation in this setting and to compare clinical and biochemical features between patients ultimately diagnosed with a hypoglycaemic disorder and those who were not.DesignSingle-center, retrospective review of children referred to endocrinology between January 2013 and December 2018 for evaluation of hypoglycaemia (defined as plasma glucose<3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL)) in the setting of acute illness.Results145 patients met eligibility criteria. A hypoglycaemia disorder was identified in 12 patients (8% of the cohort, 17% of those who underwent a diagnostic fast). There were no cases in which diagnosis was established in the absence of a diagnostic fast. Characteristics associated with identifying an underlying disorder included younger age (1.03 years (IQR: 0.05–1.54) vs 2.18 years [IQR: 1.29–3.99], p<0.001), higher bicarbonate level (22±5.5 mmol/L vs 16±3.6 mmol/L, p<0.001), lower frequency of elevated plasma or urine ketones (25% vs 92%, p=0.004) and lower frequency of other documented medical problems (17% vs 50%, p=0.03).ConclusionsThe yield of diagnostic evaluation among children with incidental detection of hypoglycaemia in the setting of illness is not insignificant. We thus recommend that all children with hypoglycaemia in the setting of illness undergo guided diagnostic evaluation. Younger age and absence of ketosis and acidosis at presentation may serve as useful predictors for establishing a diagnosis. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients older than 75 years: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Kikuta Shota , Inoue Akihiko , Ishihara Satoshi , Takahashi Ryo , Ijuin Shinichi , Matsuyama Shigenari , Nakayama Shinichi 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundFew studies have assessed older adult patients who received extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) after cardiac arrest, and outcomes and prognostic factors of ECPR in this population remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes and prognostic factors among patients older than 75 years who received ECPR after experiencing cardiac arrest.MethodsThis is a single-centre, retrospective case–control study conducted between August 2010 and July 2019. Consecutive patients older than 75 years who had in-hospital (IHCA) or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and received ECPR at the Emergency Department in the Hyogo Emergency Medical Center, Hyogo, Japan, were included. The primary outcome was a favourable neurological outcome, defined as a Cerebral Performance Category score of 1–2 at 1 year after the event. Univariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between variables and patient outcomes.ResultsOf the 187 patients with cardiac arrest who received ECPR, 30 were older than 75 years and 28 (15% of the cohort receiving ECPR) were examined in this study. The median age of the patients was 79 years (IQR 77–82), and there were 13 (46%) male patients. Neurological outcomes were favourable for seven (25%) patients, five of whom had IHCA and two with out-of-hospital OHCA. On univariate analysis, patients with a favourable outcome had a shorter median total collapse time (TCT) than those with an unfavourable outcome (favourable: 18.0 min (IQR 13.0–33.5) vs unfavourable: 44.0 min (IQR 25.0–53.0); p=0.049).ConclusionIn selected patients older than 75 years, ECPR could be beneficial by providing a shorter TCT, which may contribute to favourable neurological outcomes. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to validate these findings.
Mobile-phone text messaging to promote ideal cardiovascular health in women
Authors: Acevedo Monica , Varleta Paola , Casas-Cordero Carolina , Berríos Amalia , Navarrete Carlos , Valentino Giovanna , Lopez Rosario , Smith Sidney C 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveIdeal cardiovascular health (CVH) was developed to promote CVH as a key component of primordial prevention. Mobile short message service (SMS) is useful for improving health behaviours. We aim to test the effectiveness of SMS intervention in women to improve CVH.MethodsIn a single-blinded, randomised, controlled study, 620 women, aged 35–70 years, without cardiovascular disease, were enrolled in SMS intervention versus no SMS. CVH metrics by self-report, and biochemical laboratory, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were collected during home visits at baseline and 9 months. Women were categorised as having poor (0–2), intermediate (3–4) or ideal (5–7) CVH according to the number of ideal CVH metrics. Participants were randomised 1:1 to SMS intervention versus control. SMS was sent every 5–6 days for 9 months. The primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of women with ideal CVH between SMS and control groups at 9 months. Rates of intermediate CVH, poor CVH and each of the seven ideal CV health metrics at 9 months were key secondary endpoints.ResultsAt 9 months, there was no significant difference between groups for the primary outcome (16.3% at baseline and 13.3% at 9 months, and 10.1% and 11.1%, in SMS and control groups, respectively, adjusted RR 1.0; 95% CI 0.6 to 1.6). Similarly, there were no significant differences between groups for the key secondary endpoints. SMS had an acceptance rate of 94.9%.ConclusionsBehavioural SMS intervention did not improve rates of ideal CVH in women, despite being feasible and well received.Trial registration number6377.
Inflammation, bone loss and 2-year bone formation at the same vertebra in axial spondyloarthritis: a multilevel MRI and low-dose CT analysis
Authors: Marques Mary Lucy , Pereira da Silva Nuno , van der Heijde Desirée , Stal Rosalinde , Baraliakos Xenofon , Braun Juergen , Reijnierse Monique , Bastiaenen Caroline , Ramiro Sofia , van Gaalen Floris A 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate whether in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA) inflammation is associated with lower trabecular bone density (TBD), and subsequently, if a lower TBD increases the likelihood of 2-year bone formation at the same vertebra.MethodsWhole spine (C3–L5) data from patients included in the multicentre 2-year Sensitive Imaging in Ankylosing Spondylitis cohort was used. Two readers measured baseline TBD by Hounsfield units (HU) on low-dose CT (ldCT). Baseline MRI bone marrow oedema (BME) status scores and ldCT syndesmophyte formation and/or growth change-from-baseline scores were assessed by three and two readers, respectively. Average of readers’ continuous measurements or readers’ agreement in binary scores generated within the same vertebra (1—present in ≥1 quadrant/0—absent in all quadrants) were used. Multilevel generalised estimating equations models were used, the unit of analysis being the vertebra.ResultsIn 50 patients with r-axSpA, TBD HU decreased from cranial to caudal vertebrae. Baseline MRI-BME was present in 300/985 (30%) and syndesmophytes in 588/910 (65%) vertebrae, both most prevalent at thoracolumbar region. Syndesmophyte formation or growth was observed in 18% of at-risk vertebrae (124/691). A significant confounder-adjusted association was found between inflammation and lower TBD (regression coefficient=−51; 95% CI−63 to −39). TBD was not associated with 2-year syndesmophyte formation or growth (adjusted OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.00).ConclusionIn r-axSpA, while vertebral inflammation was associated with lower vertebral TBD, lower vertebral TBD itself did not increase the risk for new bone formation at the same vertebra. In preventing syndesmophyte progression, targeting local inflammation seems more important than targeting vertebral trabecular bone loss.
Potential impact of autoimmune diseases family history in IgG4-related disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Ruijie , Liu Zheng , Lu Hui , Peng Yu , Li Jieqiong , Nie Yuxue , Li Jingna , Peng Linyi , Zhou Jiaxin , Fei Yunyun , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zhang Wen 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveAutoimmune comorbidities may be associated with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), here we aimed to determine the correlation of autoimmune diseases (AID) family history and IgG4-RD in a Chinese cohort.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study identified 628 cases of IgG4-RD in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Patients were classified into two groups, with AID family history group (AID-positive) and without AID family history group (AID-negative). We viewed the potential value of AID family history on IgG4-RD by comparing the differences between the two groups. In addition, Cox regression analysis estimated CIs and HR for IgG4-RD risk.Results93 (14.8%) IgG4-RD patients had AID family history. Compared with AID-negative group, baseline data analysis revealed that AID-positive group patients had an earlier age of IgG4-RD onset (50.4±14.8 vs 54.2±12.6, p=0.014*), a higher percentage of antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity (38.9% vs 22.7%, p=0.0277*) and Riedel thyroiditis (10.9% vs 2.4%, p=0.001*), were prone to comorbid with other AID (16.1% vs 6.2%, p=0.0238*). Cox analysis found that younger age (HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.99), p=0.0384*) and higher proportions of baseline peripheral eosinophils (HR 1.1 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.2), p=0.0199*) increased the risk of unfavourable prognosis for AID-positive IgG4-RD patients.Conclusions14.8% of IgG4-RD patients had AID family history, with younger age of disease onset age and higher frequency of ANA positivity in AID-positive group, indicating that IgG4-RD may share genetic background with other AID.