bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and predictive value of HBcrAg, HBV RNA and anti‐HBc during bulevirtide treatment of chronic HDV‐infected patients
Authors: Sandmann Lisa , Deterding Katja , Bremer Birgit , Port Kerstin , Cornberg Markus , Wedemeyer Heiner , Maasoumy Benjamin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe entry inhibitor bulevirtide (BLV) is a new treatment option for patients with chronic hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection and compensated liver disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetic and predictive value of markers reflecting HBV cccDNA transcriptional activity and host immune response activity during BLV treatment in a real‐life cohort of HDV infected patients. Levels of HDV RNA, HBV RNA, hepatitis B core related antigen (HBcrAg) and hepatitis B core antibodies (anti‐HBc) were measured in 16 patients before (BL), after three (3M) and six (6M) months of treatment with BLV. All patients received nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment. HDV RNA declined in all patients during treatment. 38% (6/16) showed ≥ 2 log HDV RNA decline from BL to 6M and 11 patients (69%) normalized ALT levels. HBV RNA levels were low and only detectable in two to four patients. HBcrAg levels declined in 75% (12/16) of patients. Median HBcrAg levels declined significantly from BL to 6M (3.75 logU/ml (IQR 2.93‐4.78) vs. 3.4 logU/ml (IQR 2‐4.68), p=0.002). A similar trend was shown for anti‐HBc between BL and 6M. Levels of HBcrAg or anti‐HBc did not differ significantly between patients with or without ≥ 2 log HDV RNA decline from BL to 6M.After 6 months treatment with BLV, levels of HBcrAg showed a significant decline, while HBV RNA and anti‐HBc levels did not change. Reduction of HBV cccDNA transcriptional activity and immunological effects of antiviral treatment might explain these changes.
Fracture toughness and hardness of in‐office, 3D‐printed ceramic brackets
Authors: Polychronis Georgios , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Riollo Christopher S. , Panayi Nearchos , Zinelis Spiros , Eliades Theodore 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesThree‐dimensional (3D) printing technology is a promising manufacturing technique for fabricating ceramic brackets. The aim of this research was to assess fundamental mechanical properties of in‐office, 3D printed ceramic brackets.Materials and Methods3D‐printed zirconia brackets, commercially available polycrystalline alumina ceramic brackets (Clarity, 3 M St. Paul, MN) and 3D‐printed customized polycrystalline alumina ceramic ones (LightForce™, Burlington, Massachusetts) were included in this study. Seven 3D printed zirconia brackets and equal number of ceramic ones from each manufacturer underwent metallographic grinding and polishing followed by Vickers indentation testing. Hardness (HV) and fracture toughness (K1c) were estimated by measuring impression average diagonal length and crack length, respectively. After descriptive statistics calculation, group differences were analysed with 1 Way ANOVA and Holm Sidak post hoc multiple comparison test at significance level α = .05.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found among the materials tested with respect to hardness and fracture toughness. The 3D‐printed zirconia proved to be less hard (1261 ± 39 vs 2000 ± 49 vs 1840 ± 38) but more resistant to crack propagation (K1c = 6.62 ± 0.61 vs 5.30 ± 0.48 vs 4.44 ± 0.30 MPa m1/2) than the alumina brackets (Clarity and Light Force respectivelty). Significant differences were observed between the 3D printed and the commercially available polycrystalline alumina ceramic brackets but to a lesser extent.ConclusionsUnder the limitations of this study, the 3D printed zirconia bracket tested is characterized by mechanical properties associated with advantageous orthodontic fixed appliances traits regarding clinically relevant parameters.
Temporal synchrony discrimination is abnormal in dichoptic but not monocular visual processing in treated anisometropic amblyopes
Authors: Chen Yao , Chen Yiya , Tao Chunwen , Zhou Shiqi , Chen Hao , Huang Pi‐Chun , Hess Robert F. , Zhou Jiawei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether temporal synchrony processing deficits remain when normal visual acuity is restored in adults with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia.MethodsWe recruited 14 clinically treated anisometropic amblyopes (mean age 23.17 ± 2.53 years) with best‐corrected visual acuity ≤ 0.1 logMAR and 15 age‐matched emmetropes (mean age 24.40 ± 1.92 years) with normal vision to participate in our experiment. We presented two pairs of flicking Gaussian dots (1 Hz) as visual stimuli: one pair of dots was synchronous (reference), and the other pair of dots was asynchronous (signal). Subjects were asked to determine the position of the asynchronous pair. We applied the constant stimuli method to measure the temporal synchrony threshold under monocular and dichoptic viewing conditions. There were eight temporal phase lags in the asynchronous pair. The minimum degree of the temporal phase at which a participant can discriminate a signal pair is defined as the temporal synchrony threshold.ResultsUnder monocular viewing conditions where both the reference and signal pairs were presented to one eye, the temporal synchrony thresholds of previous amblyopic eyes and fellow eyes were not significantly different (p = 0.15). Under dichoptic viewing conditions where both the reference and signal pairs were dichoptically presented to both eyes, the temporal synchrony threshold in the treated anisometropic amblyopes was significantly higher than that of the controls (119.34 ± 20.43 vs. 99.78 ± 16.60 ms, p = 0.009). There was no significant correlation between the monocular and dichoptic viewing conditions in the treated amblyopes (r = −0.22, p = 0.94).ConclusionsTemporal synchrony discrimination is abnormal under dichoptic but not under monocular visual stimulation in treated anisometropic amblyopes with normalised visual acuity.
Clinical Efficacy of Intra‐Articular Injection with P‐PRP Versus that of L‐PRP in Treating Knee Cartilage Lesion: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhou Yiqin , Li Haobo , Cao Shiqi , Han Yaguang , Shao Jiahua , Fu Qiwei , Wang Bo , Wu Jun , Xiang Dong , Liu Ziye , Wang Huang , Zhu Jun , Qian Qirong , Yang Xiaolei , Wang Song 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivePlatelet‐rich plasma（PRP), with different concentration of leukocytes, may lead to varying effects in the treatment of cartilage lesions. So far, current research has not shown enough evidence on this. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of intra‐articular injection with pure platelet‐rich plasma (P‐PRP) versus those of leukocyte platelet‐rich plasma (L‐PRP) in treating knee cartilage lesions, we conducted a double‐blind, randomized controlled clinical trial with a larger sample and longer follow‐up period.MethodsFrom October 2019 to October 2020, 95 patients were invited to participate in our study, and 60 (63.2%) were randomized to P‐PRP (n = 30) or L‐PRP (n = 30) groups. Patients from the two groups were treated with knee intra‐articular injections of P‐PRP or L‐PRP. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were assessed using an unpaired t‐test for independent samples preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after intervention.ResultsWe followed up 27 cases in the P‐PRP group and 26 cases in the L‐PRP group. No significant differences in VAS and WOMAC scores were found between the two groups before the intervention (p > 0.05). The WOMAC Pain and VAS‐Motions scores of the P‐PRP group were significantly lower than those of the L‐PRP group at 6 weeks after the intervention (p < 0.05). While the long‐term clinical efficacy of both injections was similar and weakened after 12 months, more adverse events were found in the L‐PRP group.ConclusionsThe short‐term results demonstrate a positive effect in reducing pain and improving function in patients with knee cartilage lesions in the two groups. While the P‐PRP injection showed better clinical efficacy in the early phase of postoperative rehabilitation and resulted in fewer adverse events, long‐term follow‐up showed similar and weakened efficacy after 12 months.Trial RegistrationChiCTR1900026365. Registered on October 3, 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=43911.
A chromosome‐level genome assembly of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) reveals insights into genome adaptation and differential bolting regulation
Authors: Xu Liang , Wang Yan , Dong Junhui , Zhang Wei , Tang Mingjia , Zhang Weilan , Wang Kai , Chen Yinglong , Zhang Xiaoli , He Qing , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Kai , Wang Lun , Ma Yinbo , Xia Kai , Liu Liwang 
Published: January 2023

SummaryHigh‐quality radish (Raphanus sativus) genome represents a valuable resource for agronomical trait improvements and understanding genome evolution among Brassicaceae species. However, existing radish genome assembly remains fragmentary, which greatly hampered functional genomics research and genome‐assisted breeding. Here, using a NAU‐LB radish inbred line, we generated a reference genome of 476.32 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 56.88 Mb by incorporating Illumina, PacBio and BioNano optical mapping techniques. Utilizing Hi‐C data, 448.12 Mb (94.08%) of the assembled sequences were anchored to nine radish chromosomes with 40 306 protein‐coding genes annotated. In total, 249.14 Mb (52.31%) comprised the repetitive sequences, among which long terminal repeats (LTRs, 30.31%) were the most abundant class. Beyond confirming the whole‐genome triplication (WGT) event in R. sativus lineage, we found several tandem arrayed genes were involved in stress response process, which may account for the distinctive phenotype of high disease resistance in R. sativus. By comparing against the existing Xin‐li‐mei radish genome, a total of 2 108 573 SNPs, 7740 large insertions, 7757 deletions and 84 inversions were identified. Interestingly, a 647‐bp insertion in the promoter of RsVRN1 gene can be directly bound by the DOF transcription repressor RsCDF3, resulting into its low promoter activity and late‐bolting phenotype of NAU‐LB cultivar. Importantly, introgression of this 647‐bp insertion allele, RsVRN1In‐536, into early‐bolting genotype could contribute to delayed bolting time, indicating that it is a potential genetic resource for radish late‐bolting breeding. Together, this genome resource provides valuable information to facilitate comparative genomic analysis and accelerate genome‐guided breeding and improvement in radish.
Carbohydrate and lipid balances in the positive plant phenotypic response to arbuscular mycorrhiza: increase in sink strength
Authors: Salmeron‐Santiago Isaac A. , Martínez‐Trujillo Miguel , Valdez‐Alarcón Juan J. , Pedraza‐Santos Martha E. , Santoyo Gustavo , López Pedro A. , Larsen John , Pozo María J. , Chávez‐Bárcenas Ana T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe exchange of phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a major determinant of their mutualistic symbiosis. We explored the C dynamics in tomato (Solanum lycorpersicum) inoculated or not with Rhizophagus irregularis to study their growth response under different NaH2PO4 concentrations (Null P, 0 mM; Low P, 0.065 mM; High P, 1.3 mM). The percentage of AMF colonization was similar in plants under Null and Low P, but severely reduced under High P. However, the AMF mass biomarker 16:1ω5 revealed higher fungal accumulation in inoculated roots under Low P, while more AMF spores were produced in the Null P. Under High P, AMF biomass and spores were strongly reduced. Plant growth response to mycorrhiza was negative under Null P, showing reduction in height, biovolume index, and source leaf (SL) area. Under Low P, inoculated plants showed a positive response (e.g., increased SL area), while inoculated plants under High P were similar to non‐inoculated plants. AMF promoted the accumulation of soluble sugars in the SL under all fertilization levels, whereas the soluble sugar level decreased in roots under Low P in inoculated plants. Transcriptional upregulation of SlLIN6 and SlSUS1, genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, was observed in inoculated roots under Null P and Low P, respectively. We conclude that P‐limiting conditions that increase AMF colonization stimulate plant growth due to an increase in the source and sink strength. Our results suggest that C partitioning and allocation to different catabolic pathways in the host are influenced by AMF performance.
Relationship between frailty and loneliness among community‐dwelling Turkish older people
Authors: Altintas Hülya K. , Coban Sibel A. , Cantekin Işın 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe scarcity of concrete data between loneliness and frailty was found and to fill this gap, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between frailty and loneliness in elderly individuals. The study was conducted to determine the relationship between loneliness and frailty in individuals aged 65 and over.MethodThe study had a cross‐sectional descriptive correlational design. The study group consisted of 527 volunteers aged 65 and over who applied to six family health centres between 15.03.2019 and 15.05.2019 and met the inclusion criteria. The Information Form, Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), and Loneliness Scale for the Elderly (LSE) were used to collect the study data.ResultsIt was found that the mean age of individuals with frailty (69.67 ± 4.38) was found to be higher at a statistically significant level than those without frailty (67.83 ± 3.07) (t = −5.390; P = 0.001). It was found that a total of 89.1% of those who stated they had a serious disease (χ2 = 69.688, P < 0.001) and 68.9% (χ2 = 24.315, P < 0.001) of those who had a serious disease in a loved one were statistically frail. The mean total score obtained in the LSE was 12.702 ± 5.76 and it was statistically significant at a high level (t = −12.225, P < 0.001) There was a statistically significant relationship between the TFI and its subscales, and the LSE and subscale scores of the individuals who participated in the study.ConclusionA positive and significant relationship was detected between all subscales of loneliness and frailty; therefore, it can be argued that the negativity in one negatively affects the other. According to these results, it can be recommended to conduct screening and intervention programs to prevent frailty and loneliness in individuals aged 65 and over and prioritise the risk factors that were found in the present study.
Biosynthesis‐ and transport‐mediated dynamic auxin distribution during seed development controls seed size in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Huabin , Luo Qiong , Tan Chao , Song Jia , Zhang Tan , Men Shuzhen 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYAuxin is indispensable to the fertilization‐induced coordinated development of the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. However, little attention has been given to the distribution pattern, maintenance mechanism, and function of auxin throughout the process of seed development. In the present study, we found that auxin response signals display a dynamic distribution pattern during Arabidopsis seed development. Shortly after fertilization, strong auxin response signals were observed at the funiculus, chalaza, and micropylar integument where the embryo attaches. Later, additional signals appeared at the middle layer of the inner integument (ii1′) above the chalaza and the whole inner layer of the outer integument (oi1). These signals peaked when the seed was mature, then declined upon desiccation and disappeared in the dried seed. Auxin biosynthesis genes, including ASB1, TAA1, YUC1, YUC4, YUC8, and YUC9, contributed to the accumulation of auxin in the funiculus and seed coat. Auxin efflux carrier PIN3 and influx carrier AUX1 also contributed to the polar auxin distribution in the seed coat. PIN3 was expressed in the ii1 (innermost layer of the inner integument) and oi1 layers of the integument and showed polar localization. AUX1 was expressed in both layers of the outer integument and the endosperm and displayed a uniform localization. Further research demonstrated that the accumulation of auxin in the seed coat regulates seed size. Transgenic plants that specifically express the YUC8 gene in the oi2 or ii1 seed coat produced larger seeds. These results provide useful tools for cultivating high‐yielding crops.
Transcriptome dynamics provides insights into divergences of the photosynthesis pathway between Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum
Authors: Jiang Qing , Hua Xiuting , Shi Huihong , Liu Jia , Yuan Yuan , Li Zhen , Li Shuangyu , Zhou Meiqing , Yin Chongyang , Dou Meijie , Qi Nameng , Wang Yongjun , Zhang Muqing , Ming Ray , Tang Haibao , Zhang Jisen 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYSaccharum spontaneum and Saccharum officinarum contributed to the genetic background of modern sugarcane cultivars. Saccharum spontaneum has shown a higher net photosynthetic rate and lower soluble sugar than S. officinarum. Here, we analyzed 198 RNA‐sequencing samples to investigate the molecular mechanisms for the divergences of photosynthesis and sugar accumulation between the two Saccharum species. We constructed gene co‐expression networks based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) both for leaf developmental gradients and diurnal rhythm. Our results suggested that the divergence of sugar accumulation may be attributed to the enrichment of major carbohydrate metabolism and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Compared with S. officinarum, S. spontaneum DEGs showed a high enrichment of photosynthesis and contained more complex regulation of photosynthesis‐related genes. Noticeably, S. spontaneum lacked gene interactions with sulfur assimilation stimulated by photorespiration. In S. spontaneum, core genes related to clock and photorespiration displayed a sensitive regulation by the diurnal rhythm and phase‐shift. Small subunit of Rubisco (RBCS) displayed higher expression in the source tissues of S. spontaneum. Additionally, it was more sensitive under a diurnal rhythm, and had more complex gene networks than that in S. officinarum. This indicates that the differential regulation of RBCS Rubisco contributed to photosynthesis capacity divergence in both Saccharum species.
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia with anti‐Jka specificity following babesiosis masquerading as a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W. , Abels Elizabeth , Binns Thomas C. , Tormey Christopher A. , Sostin Nataliya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWarm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA) is characterized by the development of autoantibodies that react with red blood cells (RBCs) optimally at physiologic temperature, classically resulting in a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) for IgG and a panreactive eluate. Babesiosis has been described as a potentiator of WAIHA, and all cases have shown classic blood bank findings. Only rare reports have described autoantibodies, both secondary to babesiosis and overall, with specificity for Kidd antigens.MethodsAntibody detection and identification were performed using IgG‐specific column agglutination technology. Jka antigen phenotyping was assessed using monoclonal reagents and genotypic analysis was performed at an immunohematology reference laboratory. DATs were performed via standard tube methods. The elution was performed using the ELUclear glycine acid red cell elution kit.ResultsWe report a case of WAIHA induced by Babesia microti infection with an autoantibody with Jka specificity, originally believed to be a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction, given the detection of an RBC antibody in close proximity to numerous RBC transfusions. Determination of autoantibody status with anti‐Jka‐like reactivity was only confirmed after Kidd antigen genotyping predicted expression of the Jka antigen.DiscussionHealthcare providers should be cognizant of the potential for babesiosis‐induced WAIHA, particularly in individuals who continue to hemolyze despite undetectable parasitemia. Furthermore, this case highlights the possibility for warm autoantibodies to demonstrate Kidd antigen specificity. Though Kidd antigen variants are rare, antigen genotyping may be beneficial, particularly in the context of recent RBC transfusions, which typically preclude accurate serological phenotypic assessment.
Education and training for infection prevention and control provided by long-term care homes to family caregivers: a scoping review protocol
Authors: MacLean Rachel , Durepos Pamela , Gibbons Caroline , Morris Patricia , Witherspoon Richelle , Taylor Natasha , Keeping-Burke Lisa , McCloskey Rose 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
The objective of this review is to map the infection prevention and control education and training that long-term care homes use with families during a pandemic or infectious outbreak.

Introduction:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions were imposed on visits to long-term care homes to decrease the risk of virus transmission. These restrictions had negative consequences for both residents and families. A scoping review of infection prevention and control education and training used with families will inform family visitation practices and policies during future infectious outbreaks.

Inclusion Criteria:
This review will examine literature describing infection prevention and control education and training provided to families in long-term care homes. Research and narrative papers, including experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive observational quantitative and qualitative studies, reviews, text, policy, and opinion papers, will be considered for inclusion.

Methods:
A 3-step approach will be followed, in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Published literature will be searched for in databases including CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, and AgeLine. Published and unpublished papers will be considered from 1990 to the present, in English or in French. The World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control, and the Public Health Agency of Canada websites will be searched for unpublished and gray literature. Two authors will independently review and assess studies for inclusion and extract the data. The findings will be charted in a narrative summary and tables.
Design, Modeling, and Evaluation of a Hybrid Driven Knee-Ankle Orthosis With Shape Memory Alloy Actuators
Authors: Sun Zhi , Li Yuan , Zi Bin , Chen Bing 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the mechanical design, analysis, and evaluation of a knee-ankle orthosis (KAO) for lower limb rehabilitation, including shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators and DC brushless motor actuators. First, the mechanical structure of the KAO is detailed, including the actuator system, transmission mechanism, monitoring device, and processing method of SMA actuators. Next, the dynamic model of SMA spring actuators in the phase transition process is established based on the thermal constitutive model of SMA. In addition, the dynamic output response of the knee joint under three working states is analyzed, and the rotation angle of SMA soft actuator during bending is described by pseudo rigid body model. Finally, the output of SMA actuator is preliminarily evaluated through experiments. The experimental results show that the maximum displacement of SMA spring actuator is 54.36 mm, the maximum restoring force during phase transformation is 4.14 N, and the maximum rotation angle of SMA soft actuator is 43.18 deg. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical model.