bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐cell exhaustion prediction algorithm in tumor microenvironment for evaluating prognostic stratification and immunotherapy effect of esophageal cancer
Authors: Su Xiangyu , Fu Chenchun , Liu Fei , Bian Rongrong , Jing Ping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEsophageal cancer (EC) is a common digestive malignancy that ranks sixth in cancer deaths, with a 5‐year survival rate of 15%–25%. As a result, reliable prognostic biomarkers are required to accurately predict the prognosis of EC. T‐cell exhaustion (TEX) is associated with poorer prognosis and immune infiltration in EC. In this study, nine risk genes were finally screened to constitute the prognostic model using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. Patients were divided into two groups based on the expression of the TEX‐related genes: high‐risk group and low‐risk group. The expression of TEX‐related genes differed significantly between the two groups. The findings revealed that the risk model developed was highly related to the clinical prognosis and amount of immune cell infiltration in EC patients. It was also significantly correlated with the therapeutic sensitivity of multiple chemotherapeutic agents in EC patients. Subsequently, we successfully constructed drug‐resistant cell lines KYSE480/CDDP‐R and KYSE180/CDDP‐R to verify the correlation between PD‐1 and drug resistance in EC. Then, we examined the mRNA and protein expression levels of PD‐1 in parental and drug‐resistant cells using qPCR and WB. It was found that the expression level of PD‐1 was significantly increased in the plasma red of drug‐resistant cells. Next, we knocked down PD‐1 in drug‐resistant cells and found that the resistance of EC cells to CDDP was significantly reduced. And the proportion of apoptotic cells in cells treated with 6 μM CDDP for 24 h was significantly in increase. The TEX‐based risk model achieved good prediction results for prognosis prediction in EC patients. And it was also significantly associated with the level of immune cell infiltration and drug therapy sensitivity of EC patients. Additionally, the downregulation of PD‐1 may be associated with increased drug sensitivity in EC and enhanced T‐cell infiltration. The high‐risk group had lower TIDE scores, indicating that the high‐risk group benefits more after receiving immunotherapy. Thus, the TEX‐based risk model can be used as a novel tumor prognostic biomarker.
Anticancer activity of polyphenolic Punica granatum peel extracts obtained by hybrid ultrasound‐microwave assisted extraction: Evaluation on HeLa and HepG2 cells
Authors: González‐González Gerardo Manuel , Esparza‐González Sandra Cecilia , Nery‐Flores Sendar Daniel , Morlett‐Chávez Jesús Antonio , Ascacio‐Valdés Juan Alberto , Flores‐Gallegos Adriana Carolina , Saenz‐Galindo Aidé , Rodríguez‐Herrera Raúl 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPunica granatum peel is a significant source of polyphenolic compounds that have potential uses as drugs. This study aimed to obtain and purify polyphenolic compounds derived from pomegranate peel and to evaluate their potential anticancer activity in cell lines. Polyphenols from the pomegranate peel were extracted using hybrid ultrasound‐microwave technology. Different mass:volume ratios and water:ethanol ratios were used during extraction. Purification was performed on a chromatographic column with Amberlite XAD‐16, and unfractionated extracts and fractions extracts were obtained. The main compounds identified by HPLC belong to the ellagitannins family. The unfractionated extract from the 1:12 (m/v) and 30% ethanol condition was used to evaluate its cytotoxic effect against HeLa, HepG2, and 3T3 cell lines. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the pomegranate polyphenolic extracts (PPEs). Viability in HeLa and HepG2 cells was affected in a dose‐dependent manner by a concentration of 25 ppm of polyphenol powders. Additionally, a genotoxicity test was carried out, which showed DNA damage, indicating that the cytotoxic effect is possibly due in part to DNA damage. The use of the pomegranate peel could be a viable option for obtaining bioactive compounds that can be used as adjuvants or in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer.
Robenacoxib versus meloxicam following ovariohysterectomy in cats: A randomised, prospective clinical trial involving owner‐based assessment of pain
Authors: Hillen Florence , Polson Sally , Yates David , Watkinson Rachel , White Kate 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundInjectable non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed to queens undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH), but the requirement for postoperative administration is unclear and practices vary. Existing studies assessing efficacy rely on pain scoring by experienced clinicians. However, following OVH, most cats are discharged within hours of recovery.MethodsCats undergoing OVH were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: MEL and ROB. Cats in the MEL group (n = 76) received meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) and those in the ROB group (n = 65) received robenacoxib (2 mg/kg). Owners were contacted by a blinded assessor 3 days postoperatively and asked to identify physical or behavioural changes and to assign pain scores using a numerical rating scale.ResultsMore cats in the ROB group displayed abnormal behaviours than cats in the MEL group (p = 0.03). Most owners assigned a pain score of 0 (72%) (n = 101), but pain scores were significantly higher in the ROB group than in the MEL group (p = 0.005).LimitationMethods of owner assessment of pain in cats have not been validated.ConclusionsBoth meloxicam and robenacoxib are effective in controlling postoperative pain. Meloxicam may have improved efficacy in certain patient populations. Applying a blanket approach to prescribing NSAIDs to cats undergoing OVH postoperatively may not be necessary. This has safety, environmental and cost implications.
Removal efficiency and energy consumption optimization for carbamazepine degradation in wastewater by electrohydraulic discharge
Authors: Gwanzura E. , Ramjugernath D. , Iwarere S. A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe treatment of recalcitrant emerging pollutants is a major concern in wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study was the optimization of emerging recalcitrant pollutant degradation using carbamazepine as a representative pollutant. Investigations of the carbamazepine degradation in wastewater was carried out by manipulating discharge current, air flow rate, and initial concentration to maximize removal efficiency and minimize energy consumption.MethodThe study utilized a three‐factor at two levels factorial design with randomized central runs. Discharge current, air flow rate, and initial concentration were the independent variables while to maximize removal efficiency and minimize energy consumption were the response variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the data.ResultsDischarge current, air flow rate, and initial concentration significantly impacted the removal efficiency to different degrees. However, for energy consumption, only current and air flow rate were the significant variables. The highest removal efficiency obtained was 93% ± 4% for 10 and 40 mg/L initial carbamazepine concentration after 10 min of plasma treatment at a current of 0.45 A and no air flow rate.ConclusionThe plasma reactor demonstrated the capability to treat high cyclic organic chemical contaminant concentration in wastewater with possible applications in preconcentrated wastewater remediation. However, there is still room for reactor design optimization. One key area of focus is reducing treatment cost, which may be achieved theoretically, pending further experimental investigation, by introducing an alternating current power supply, which can reduce energy consumption by 50%–60%.Practitioner Points
Discharge current, air flow rate, and initial concentration all influenced the removal efficiency of carbamazepine.
For energy consumption, only current and air flow rate were significant variables.
Higher currents result in an improved highly reactive species and UV generation.
Treatment cost per m3 for the plasma reactor is higher than established technologies.
The plasma reactor in the study still requires significant optimization.
Machine learning Post-Minkowskian integrals
Authors: Jinno Ryusuke , Kälin Gregor , Liu Zhengwen , Rubira Henrique 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study a neural network framework for the numerical evaluation of Feynman loop integrals that are fundamental building blocks for perturbative computations of physical observables in gauge and gravity theories. We show that such a machine learning approach improves the convergence of the Monte Carlo algorithm for high-precision evaluation of multi-dimensional integrals compared to traditional algorithms. In particular, we use a neural network to improve the importance sampling. For a set of representative integrals appearing in the computation of the conservative dynamics for a compact binary system in General Relativity, we perform a quantitative comparison between the Monte Carlo integrators VEGAS and i-flow, an integrator based on neural network sampling.
Solitonic excitations in AdS2
Authors: Heidmann Pierre , Houppe Anthony 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We construct large families of supergravity solutions that are asymptotic to AdS2 and terminate with a cap that is singular in two dimensions but smooth in higher dimensions. These solutions break supersymmetry and conformal invariance. We list arguments suggesting that they correspond to finite-energy excitations in empty AdS2 that back-react on the geometry by inducing non-trivial bubbling topology. They are constructed from the novel technique associated with the Ernst formalism for AdSD × 𝒞 solitons in supergravity [1]. The technique is applied to D = 2 in M-theory with 𝒞 = S3 × T6. The directions of 𝒞 degenerate smoothly as a chain of bolts which ends the spacetime in the IR and generates non-supersymmetric bubbles supported by M2-brane flux. Some specific solutions have “flat” directions where the sizes of their bubbles are totally unconstrained and can be arbitrarily tuned while the asymptotics remains fixed. The solitons should correspond to regular non-supersymmetric states of a holographically dual CFT1.
The flavor of QCD axion dark matter
Authors: Alonso-Álvarez Gonzalo , Cline James M. , Xiao Tianzhuo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We argue that demanding a consistent cosmological history, including the absence of domain walls and strongly interacting relics at the Peccei-Quinn scale, singles out two concrete realizations of hadronic QCD axions as viable dark matter models. These realizations generally feature flavor-violating axion couplings to Standard Model quarks that are unsuppressed at low energies. As a consequence, experiments looking for flavor-violating hadronic processes involving the axion can be sensitive probes of QCD axion dark matter models. In particular, we show that the NA62 and KOTO experiments could detect the K → π + a decay for axions consistent with the observed dark matter abundance via the post-inflationary misalignment mechanism.
Light-cone distribution amplitudes of a light baryon in large-momentum effective theory
Authors: Deng Zhi-Fu , Han Chao , Wang Wei , Zeng Jun , Zhang Jia-Lu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Momentum distributions of quarks/gluons inside a light baryon in a hard exclusive process are encoded in the light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs). In this work, we point out that the leading twist LCDAs of a light baryon can be obtained through a simulation of a quasi-distribution amplitude calculable on lattice QCD within the framework of the large-momentum effective theory. We calculate the one-loop perturbative contributions to LCDA and quasi-distribution amplitudes and explicitly demonstrate the factorization of quasi-distribution amplitudes at the one-loop level. Based on the perturbative results, we derive the matching kernel in the $$ \overline{\textrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme and regularization-invariant momentum-subtraction scheme. Our result provides a first step to obtaining the LCDA from first principle lattice QCD calculations in the future.
The semiconstrained DRUJ prosthesis: blessing or curse?
Authors: Sommer Katharina , Sturm Ramona , Sterz Jasmina , Marzi Ingo , Frank Johannes 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There are numerous operative procedures to treat osteoarthritic changes or a significant instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). The key problem of most methods is the destabilization of the forearm leading to secondary painful impingement between the radius and ulna, as well as a significant limitation of forearm rotation. The Aptis-Prosthesis designed by Scheker represents a complete substitute for the DRUJ. It is mostly used after the failure of various treatment options to solve the primary problems (arthritis, instability). We have used this type of prosthesis mostly after multiple operative treatments for more than 25 years.

Methods
In the following retrospective study, we analyzed the data of patients that received an Aptis-prosthesis between 2016 and 2021. We have implanted this prosthesis in 13 cases (11 female, 2 male). Routinely, we document the clinical outcome concerning range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and pain according to numeric rate scaling (NRS) after more than 12 months (month 12–24). In addition, complications, osseous changes, and the rate of loosening of the prosthesis were registered. Furthermore, DASH-Score and patients ‘ satisfaction were evaluated. Also—as with other implants—follow-up x-rays were performed.

Results
Removal or significant revision of any of the prostheses was not needed. The ROM was 68.1° ± 19.7° for pronation and 72.3° ± 20.9° for supination, grip strength amounted to 27.7 kg ± 11.0 kg equaling 83% of the contralateral side. NRS was 0 at rest and 1.2 (0–2) under weight-bearing. A lysis margin of the radial tap was noted in the radiological examination in 2 patients but without any signs of loosening. The DASH-Score added up to 31.8 ± 13.8 (13–55). All patients were satisfied or very satisfied having this implant.

Conclusion
The semiconstrained Aptis-prosthesis is a safe and efficient treatment option after failed DRUJ surgeries. It is striking that of the 20 implanted prostheses no significant revision or explantations were necessary over a period of 25 years.
Praktische Aspekte bei der Anwendung von Topika in der geriatrischen Dermatologie
Authors: Therstappen K. , Eichner A. , Wohlrab J. 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungAltersbedingte Veränderungen des Hautorgans beziehen in Abhängigkeit der intrinsischen Gegebenheiten und extrinsischer Einflussfaktoren alle kutanen Schichten ein. Das Ausmaß der seneszenten Veränderungen kann bei Hochaltrigen stark variieren, sodass eine individuelle Bewertung sinnvoll und häufig auch notwendig ist. Von besonderer klinischer Bedeutung sind die Veränderungen der Epidermis, die eine komplexe Reduktion der Barrierefunktion und Minderung der Kompensationskapazität bezüglich exogener Noxen nach sich ziehen. Daraus leitet sich eine erhöhte Suszeptibilität insbesondere gegenüber Infektionen und Tumorerkrankungen ab. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist eine prophylaktische Strategie zur Substitution der physikochemischen und damit auch mikrobiologischen Barriere im Rahmen der Basispflege von großer Bedeutung. Um diese konsequent umsetzen zu können, ist die Empfehlung von explizit für Altershaut konzipierten Präparaten und praktischen Anwendungshinweisen sehr wesentlich. Letztere sollten die Einschränkungen bezüglich der Beweglichkeit sowie mögliche kognitive Defizite von Hochaltrigen berücksichtigen. Dazu sollten sowohl Eincremehilfen als auch bezüglich der Viskosität und Zusammensetzung geeignete Präparationen empfohlen werden. Um die Umsetzung zudem zu erleichtern, können schriftliche oder bildliche Handlungsempfehlungen sowie digitale Assistenzsysteme zur Anwendung kommen. Aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklungen in Deutschland und Europa wird die geriatrische Dermatologie in den nächsten Jahren deutlich an klinischer Relevanz gewinnen.
DCE-MRI-based radiomics in predicting angiopoietin-2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zheng Jing , Du Pei-Zhuo , Yang Cui , Tao Yun-Yun , Li Li , Li Zu-Mao , Yang Lin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer, and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Studies have shown that increased angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) expression relative to Ang-1 expression in tumors is associated with a poor prognosis.The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of predicting Ang-2 expression in HCC by preoperative dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI)-based radiomics.

Methods
The data of 52 patients with HCC who underwent surgical resection in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Ang-2 expression in HCC was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. All patients underwent preoperative upper abdominal DCE-MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging scans. Radiomics features were extracted from the early and late arterial and portal phases of axial DCE-MRI. Univariate analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was performed to select the optimal radiomics features for analysis. A logistic regression analysis was performed to establish a DCE-MRI radiomics model, clinic-radiologic (CR) model and combined model integrating the radiomics score with CR factors. The stability of each model was verified by 10-fold cross-validation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, calibration curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to evaluate these models.

Results
Among the 52 HCC patients, high Ang-2 expression was found in 30, and low Ang-2 expression was found in 22. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) for the radiomics model, CR model and combined model for predicting Ang-2 expression were 0.800, 0.874, and 0.933, respectively. The DeLong test showed that there was no significant difference in the AUC between the radiomics model and the CR model (p > 0.05) but that the AUC for the combined model was significantly greater than those for the other 2 models (p < 0.05). The DCA results showed that the combined model outperformed the other 2 models and had the highest net benefit.

Conclusion
The DCE-MRI-based radiomics model has the potential to predict Ang-2 expression in HCC patients; the combined model integrating the radiomics score with CR factors can further improve the prediction performance.

Graphical abstract
Valorization for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in the Agri-Food Value Chain
Authors: Voglhuber-Slavinsky Ariane , Lemke Nahleen , MacPherson Joseph , Dönitz Ewa , Olbrisch Mathias , Schöbel Philipp , Moller Björn , Bahrs Enno , Helming Katharina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article defines the term valorization of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) measures, as distinguished from their valuation, and underpins it with an assessment of private valorization examples along the agri-food value chain. Valorization incentivizes measures for promoting BES, while valuation refers to its quantification. Valuation can be a step of valorization but is not indispensable. In scientific literature, the terms valorization and valuation are often used interchangeably. In addition, there is a lack of research on private options versus conventional, public policy options. Therefore, we searched for private valorization options primarily in public sources (gray literature and websites). This led to the identification of four clusters (markets for voluntary services, labeling, and certification, environmental management/CSR, and tradable permits and quotas). Based on these clusters the options were assessed from a legal and systems dynamics perspective. In addition, the viability of selected valorization options in different future scenarios was examined. The analysis revealed a wide range of private valorization options, which in contrast to public policy options that focus almost entirely on the production stage, are spread across the agri-food value chain. Their suitability differs under different future scenarios, legal and systems conditions.
Structured Matrices and Their Application in Neural Networks: A Survey
Authors: Kissel Matthias , Diepold Klaus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractModern neural network architectures are becoming larger and deeper, with increasing computational resources needed for training and inference. One approach toward handling this increased resource consumption is to use structured weight matrices. By exploiting structures in weight matrices, the computational complexity for propagating information through the network can be reduced. However, choosing the right structure is not trivial, especially since there are many different matrix structures and structure classes. In this paper, we give an overview over the four main matrix structure classes, namely semiseparable matrices, matrices of low displacement rank, hierarchical matrices and products of sparse matrices. We recapitulate the definitions of each structure class, present special structure subclasses, and provide references to research papers in which the structures are used in the domain of neural networks. We present two benchmarks comparing the classes. First, we benchmark the error for approximating different test matrices. Second, we compare the prediction performance of neural networks in which the weight matrix of the last layer is replaced by structured matrices. After presenting the benchmark results, we discuss open research questions related to the use of structured matrices in neural networks and highlight future research directions.