bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rates of and Factors Associated With Patient Withdrawal of Consent in Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Hillman Shauna L. , Jatoi Aminah , Strand Carrie A. , Perlmutter Jane , George Suzanne , Mandrekar Sumithra J. 
Published: June 2023

ImportancePatient withdrawal of consent from a cancer clinical trial is defined as a patient’s volitional cessation of participation in all matters related to a trial. It can undermine the trial’s purpose, make the original sample size and power calculations irrelevant, introduce bias between trial arms, and prolong the time to trial completion.ObjectiveTo report rates of and baseline factors associated with withdrawal of consent among patients in cancer clinical trials.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multisite observational cohort study was conducted through the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology. Patient withdrawal was defined as a patient’s voluntary termination of consent to participate anytime during trial conduct. Baseline patient- and trial-based factors were investigated for their associations with patient withdrawal within the first 2 years using logistic regression models. All patients who participated in cancer therapeutic clinical trials conducted within the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology from 2013 through 2019 were included. The data lock date was January 23, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe percentage of patients who withdrew consent in 2 years and factors associated with withdrawal of consent.ResultsA total of 11 993 patients (median age, 62 years; 67% female) from 58 trials were included. Within 2 years, 1060 patients (9%) withdrew from their respective trials. Two-year rates of withdrawal were 5.7%, 7.6%, 8.5%, 7.8%, 8.4%, 9.5%, and 9.8% for each of the respective years from 2013 through 2019. In multivariable analyses, Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.67; 95% CI, 1.30-2.15; P &amp;lt; .001), randomized design with placebo (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.38-1.94; P &amp;lt; .001), and patient age 75 years and older (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.12-1.72; P = .003) were associated with higher likelihood of withdrawal by 2 years. Use of radiation was associated with patient retention (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.86; P = .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, rates of withdrawal of consent were less than 10% and appeared consistent over time. Factors that are associated with withdrawal of consent should be considered when designing trials and should be further studied to learn how they can be favorably modified.
Integrating On-Treatment Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score and Imaging to Predict Response and Outcomes in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Saal Jonas , Bald Tobias , Eckstein Markus , Ralser Damian J. , Ritter Manuel , Brossart Peter , Grünwald Viktor , Hölzel Michael , Ellinger Jörg , Klümper Niklas 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceIn the era of immuno-oncology, imaging alone seems to be insufficient to capture treatment responses, as patients with stable disease treated with immunotherapy have a wide range of clinical outcomes. There is an unmet need for complementary (ideally cost-efficient) markers that enable assessment of therapy response and outcomes in conjunction with imaging.ObjectivesTo examine whether longitudinal changes in the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), which is based on C-reactive protein and albumin, can predict responses and outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis post hoc analysis, conducted from October 2022 to April 2023, evaluated the prognostic and predictive performance of on-treatment mGPS in patients with mRCC being treated with atezolizumab (plus bevacizumab) or sunitinib in 2 randomized clinical trials: the phase 3 IMmotion151 study (discovery cohort) and the phase 2 IMmotion150 study (validation cohort).Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes were investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), version 1.1 and overall survival (OS) for survival analyses. To compare the prognostic value of the on-treatment mGPS with radiologic staging, we used RECIST assessed by the Independent Review Committee (IRC-RECIST) to ensure high data quality.ResultsOf the 915 patients with mRCC in the IMmotion151 discovery cohort, baseline mGPS was available for 861 patients and on-treatment mGPS for 691. The IMmotion150 validation cohort included 305 patients with mRCC, and on-treatment mGPS could be evaluated for 199. In the IMmotion150 study, on-treatment mGPS predicted outcomes as early as 6 weeks following therapy initiation, thereby opening a window for early therapy adjustments. In both clinical trials, on-treatment mGPS provided valuable prognostic information regardless of imaging-assessed treatment response at first staging. Of note, in the disease control subgroup, on-treatment mGPS exhibited superior and independent prognostic information compared with IRC-RECIST (available for 611 patients; C-index, 0.651 [95% CI, 0.588-0.714] for the mGPS during treatment vs 0.574 [95% CI, 0.528-0.619] for IRC-RECIST).Conclusions and RelevanceThese data support the concept of integrating on-treatment mGPS for more holistic and patient-centered therapy monitoring in addition to radiologic staging to improve clinical care at a low cost for patients with mRCC.
Light‐Driven Self‐Oscillation of Thermoplasmonic Nanocolloids
Authors: Mezzasalma Stefano A. , Kruse Joscha , Merkens Stefan , Lopez Eneko , Seifert Andreas , Morandotti Roberto , Grzelczak Marek 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSelf‐oscillation—the periodic change of a system under a non‐periodic stimulus—is vital for creating low‐maintenance autonomous devices in soft robotics technologies. Soft composites of macroscopic dimensions are often doped with plasmonic nanoparticles to enhance energy dissipation and generate periodic response. However, while it is still unknown whether a dispersion of photonic nanocrystals may respond to light as a soft actuator, a dynamic analysis of nanocolloids self‐oscillating in a liquid is also lacking. This study presents a new self‐oscillator model for illuminated colloidal systems. It predicts that the surface temperature of thermoplasmonic nanoparticles and the number density of their clusters jointly oscillate at frequencies ranging from infrasonic to acoustic values. New experiments with spontaneously clustering gold nanorods, where the photothermal effect alters the interplay of light (stimulus) with the disperse system on a macroscopic scale, strongly support the theory. These findings enlarge the current view on self‐oscillation phenomena and anticipate the colloidal state of matter to be a suitable host for accommodating light‐propelled machineries. In broad terms, a complex system behavior is observed, which goes from periodic solutions (Hopf–Poincaré–Andronov bifurcation) to a new dynamic attractor driven by nanoparticle interactions, linking thermoplasmonics to nonlinearity and chaos.
Analogue Artificial Synaptic Performance of Self‐Rectifying Resistive Switching Device
Authors: Seo Hyun Kyu , Ryu Jin Joo , Lee Su Yeon , Jeon Kanghyoek , Sohn Hyunchul , Kim Gun Hwan , Yang Min Kyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe immense increase of unstructured data require novel computing systems that can process the input data with low power and parallel processing. This functionality is similar to that of human brains that are composed of numerous neurons, synapses, and their complex connections. To mimic the functionality of the human brain with an electronic device, the resistive switching device and crossbar array has attracted considerable attention for artificial synaptic devices and integrated systems, respectively. For this purpose, the self‐rectifying resistive switching cell based on the Si:ZrOx thin film is developed and its reliability characteristics are tested. Four achievements are highlighted in this study. 1) The retention characteristic is improved by the adoption of TaOx thin film as an oxygen reservoir layer. 2) The asymmetric electrodes can make the self‐rectifying resistive cell (SRC) have sufficient rectifying characteristic. 3) The linearity of conductance update has a dominant effect on the inference performance compared to that of the conductance range variation. 4) The device of the interface‐type resistive switching shows a high enough device yield in the crossbar array device and exhibits reliable multiply‐and‐accumulate operations in the crossbar array to mimic the human brain‐inspired computing system.
Anode‐Free Aluminum Electrode with Ultralong Cycle Life and High Coulombic Efficiency Exceeding 99.92% Enabled by a Lattice‐Matching Layer
Authors: Meng Yahan , Wang Jiazhi , Wang Mingming , Peng Qia , Xie Zehui , Zhu Zhengxin , Liu Zaichun , Wang Weiping , Zhang Kai , Liu Hongxu , Ma Yirui , Li Zhenyu , Chen Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMetallic aluminum is an attractive anode owing to its high specific capacity, earth abundance, and low cost. However, the poor reversibility of Al deposition/dissolution and Al dendrites have impeded its deployment. Herein, a strategy for constructing a lattice‐matching layer (LML) to regulate the behavior of Al deposition/dissolution is demonstrated. Various experiments and theoretical calculations validate that gold LML as an example can significantly enhance the nucleation density and reduce average particle size, which achieve highly reversible, dendrite‐free, durable, and anode‐free Al anodes. The metallic Al shows stable Al deposition/dissolution on Au@Ti substrate for more than 4500 h with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.92%, which is a record‐high reported value. Furthermore, the anode‐free full cell based on Au@Ti anode and expanded graphite cathode exhibits outstanding long‐term stability for 900 cycles with the capacity retention rate of 80%. This study provides an effective strategy to enhance the reversibility and utilization of the Al anode, which provides inspiration for advanced Al batteries.
The economics of the wellbeing economy: Understanding heterodox economics for health‐in‐all‐policies and co‐benefits
Authors: Hensher Martin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThe “wellbeing economy” represents a significant departure from the orthodox, neoclassical economic model of rational, utility‐maximising individuals embedded in a growth economy. Emerging approaches to the wellbeing economy draw heavily upon insights from a range of heterodox schools of economic thought; these schools differ in many respects, but all share the central common insight that the economy is best conceived as a social provisioning system for humanity's needs.MethodsThis narrative review introduces and summarises key dimensions of a number of these heterodox economic approaches, all of which have had or are likely to have significant implications for wellbeing economics. Their relationship with wellbeing and their resulting approaches to public policy and the Health‐in‐All Policies (HiAP) approach is described and explored.ResultsThe schools of heterodox economic thought which have had the most impact on the development of approaches to the “wellbeing economy” include ecological economics (including both post‐growth and degrowth economics), feminist economics, and modern monetary theory. Recent developments in the economics of inequality and institutional economics have also been of significance. Yet HiAP approaches represent an attempt to incorporate consideration of health consequences within public policy processesinsidethe neoclassical economics paradigm, reflecting the reality that social and economic forces are typically the most important determinants of health. WHO's newHealth For Allapproach draws much more directly on the heterodox economics that underpins wellbeing economy thinking.ConclusionsWellbeing economics offers many attractive features for HiAP—but may not achieve its full potential within conventional economic policy paradigms. Calls to replace cost–benefit analysis with “co‐benefit” analysis are attractive, but face strong practical obstacles. Meanwhile, strong countervailing forces and interests might still thwart achieving the broader goals of wellbeing economics.So What?Operationalising “wellbeing economy” thinking requires a clear understanding of heterodox economics, and how they can be incorporated into more formal economic analysis. It remains to be seen if HiAP is the right tool by which to implement the newHealth For Allapproach.
Arab Spring, democratization of corruption, and income inequality
Authors: Jha Chandan Kumar , Kırşanlı Fatih 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow do political crises affect the interaction between economic and political outcomes? In this paper, we study one of the consequences of political turmoil by empirically examining whether the Arab Spring influenced the relationship between corruption and income inequality. Using panel data from 1996 to 2019 for the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries, we find that while corruption is positively associated with income inequality, the interaction term between corruption and the Arab Spring is negatively associated with income inequality. This result is consistent with the view that corruption has become more democratized after the Arab Spring. We use instrumental variable (IV) analysis to address potential endogeneity issues. Our findings suggest that not only studying the direct effects of political crises on economic and institutional variables is important, but studying their effects on shaping the association between economic and institutional variables can be insightful.
The SL(2, ℤ) dualization algorithm at work
Authors: Comi Riccardo , Hwang Chiung , Marino Fabio , Pasquetti Sara , Sacchi Matteo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recently an algorithm to dualize a theory into its mirror dual has been proposed, both for 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 linear quivers and for their 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 uplift. This mimics the manipulations done at the level of the Type IIB brane setup that engineers the 3d theories, where mirror symmetry is realized as S-duality, but it is enirely field-theoretic and based on the application of genuine infra-red dualities that implement the local action of S-duality on the quiver. In this paper, we generalize the algorithm to the full duality group, which is SL(2, ℤ) in 3d and PSL(2, ℤ) in 4d. This also produces dualities for 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 theories with Chern-Simons couplings, some of which have enhanced $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetry, and their new 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 counterpart. In addition, we propose three ways to study the RG flows triggered by possible VEVs appearing at the last step of the algorithm, one of which uses a new duality that implements the Hanany-Witten move in field theory.
Flow discharge measurement by a linear width contraction device
Authors: Nicosia Alessio , Di Stefano Costanza , Palmeri Vincenzo , Serio Maria Angela , Ferro Vito 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the outflow process of a linear width contraction device for a free-flow condition is modeled using the dimensional analysis and the incomplete self-similarity condition. The proposed theoretical stage-discharge relationship is tested using measurements available in the literature. The proposed power stage-discharge equation is characterized by a value of the exponent close to 2 and a coefficient depending on the angle of the device sides with the channel bank. The proposed flume is characterized by simple construction, easy installation, low cost, and a good accuracy of the measured discharge (errors in the estimate ranging from − 3.84 to 1.9%). The deduced stage-discharge equation is characterized by errors in the estimate of discharge lower than or equal to ± 3% for 93.7% of the investigated cases. The main result of this paper is a stage-discharge relationship giving an accurate estimate of discharge but, at the same time, having the advantage of working regardless of the discharge coefficient estimate.
Body ownership illusion through virtual reality as modulator variable for limbs rehabilitation after stroke: a systematic review
Authors: Ventura Sara , Marchetti Pierclaudio , Baños Rosa , Tessari Alessia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStroke is the leading cause of motor impairments and generates distortion of body representation. Hence, stroke can modulate the sense of embodiment, namely the feeling of being inside the body (ownership), in the place where the body is located (location), and moving the body according to its own intentions (agency). A growing number of studies have adopted virtual reality (VR) to train motor abilities. However, the impact of the body illusion on the rehabilitation outcome is not fully understood. The present systematic review investigates the modulating role of the body illusion elicited by VR on motor rehabilitation in post-stroke patients after embodying a virtual avatar. The research was led in the main databases—PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO, and Web of Science—and four studies matched the inclusion criteria (e.g., to have a sample of adult post-stroke patients, to use VR as an instrument for motor rehabilitation, to adopt the paradigm of the body illusion as a modulator for motor rehabilitation, to test the sense of body illusion outcome). Research outcomes demonstrated that two studies adopted the immersive and two the non-immersive embodied VR; three studies focused on the upper limb, and one on lower limb rehabilitation. Two studies compare VR training with traditional therapy, and two are pilot studies with only one experimental group. The studies demonstrated the feasibility of the body illusion as an accelerator for motor rehabilitation compared to the non-embodied condition, and as a positive correlator of the rehabilitation outcome. The finding should be taken with caution due to the limited studies included; however, they are encouraging to justify further research efforts in this area.
The potential of using virtual reality-based self-paced treadmill to assess road-crossing safety and self-evaluation with traumatic brain injuries: a series case study
Authors: McCluskey Andrew , Al-Amri Mohammad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImpaired self-awareness (ISA) is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can significantly impact safe road-crossing. Road-crossing interventions are variable and involve high-risk real-world situations. Virtual reality (VR)-based road-crossing can elicit changes in real-world functioning but has not been trialled in the TBI population. The primary objective of this research was to explore whether VR-based self-paced treadmill technology offers a safe road-crossing assessment mechanism for people with TBI. Three participants with TBI completed two road-crossing pilot-trials using a VR-based self-paced treadmill. Avatar feedback and verbal feedback were provided between trials. Participants were provided with a safe road-crossing strategy for the second pilot-trial. The Researcher and Participant evaluated road-crossing following each trial using the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory and the number of safe road-crossings to assess changes in self-evaluation and performance between trials. One of the participants perceived improvements in self-evaluation and performance in the second pilot-trial. All participants attempted to apply the safe road-crossing strategy advised. No safety issues were identified using the VR-based self-paced treadmill within this study’s protocol thereby supporting the primary objective of the work. Future research is warranted to strengthen the evidence-base for using VR to elicit improvements in ISA in road-crossing and in generalising findings to the wider TBI population.
Implementation of sustainable development goals in the cosmetics industry based on the example of cleansing cosmetics containing a surfactin-rich digestate extract
Authors: Seweryn Artur , Wasilewski Tomasz , Hordyjewicz-Baran Zofia , Bochynek Michał , Pannert Dominika , Łukaszewicz Marcin , Lewińska Agnieszka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe implementation of sustainable development goals in the cosmetics industry is focused primarily on the phase of product design and the formulation of fully functional cosmetics based on raw materials of natural origin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a surfactin-rich digestate extract—a raw material of biotechnological origin—as an ingredient in cleansing cosmetics. A composition was designed, and shower gels based on the digestate extract were formulated. In the next stage of the study, the prototypical products were subjected to a quality assessment with an emphasis on the properties determining their functionality and safety of use by consumers. The shower gels formulated with raw materials of natural origin with the addition of the surfactin-rich extract show acceptable functional properties including viscosity, foaming ability and fat emulsification properties. Importantly, the use of the digestate extract was found to significantly improve the safety in use of the evaluated cosmetic prototypes. This finding is corroborated by a significant decrease in the zein value, which is a measure of the irritant effect of cosmetic formulations. A slight decrease in the ability to emulsify fats found for the tested prototypes confirmed their appropriate functionality and mild effect on the skin. Through the use of the surfactin-rich digestate extract, the cosmetics acquired a natural color derived from the extract. Colorimetric analysis shows that the color changes in the samples should be noticeable even by inexperienced observers.

Graphical Abstract
Laboratory-reared larvae and juveniles of three species of the genus Bathygobius (Gobiidae)
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Sunobe Tomoki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLarvae and juveniles of three species in the family Gobiidae are described based on laboratory-reared material: Bathygobius fuscus to post-settlement, Bathygobius cyclopterus to 2 days old, and Bathygobius petrophilus to just after hatching. Newly hatched larvae of these species are distinguishable from each other by the melanophore arrangements on the dorsal region of the trunk, ventrally near the tip of the tail, and along the lateral midline. The early development of Bathygobius fuscus was similar to that described previously for Bathygobius soporator but differed in the appearance of melanophores and the shape of the second dorsal fin and anal fin.
Multiscale design and experimental verification of Voronoi graded stochastic lattice structures for the natural frequency maximization problem
Authors: Chen Lianxiong , Pan Yu , Chu Xihua , Liu Hui , Wang Xinzhong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) has gained popularity for its capacity to produce geometrically complicated structures, such as lattice structures. Lattice structures have great advantages in the lightweight design of the aerospace and automotive field, in which frequent vibration is one of the most concerning problems during the structure design process. Consequently, it is necessary to research structural vibration frequency to avoid dynamic failure, especially the natural vibration frequency of the structure. In this work, a multiscale topology optimization method is proposed to design the Voronoi graded stochastic lattice structures for the first-order frequency maximization problem. Firstly, the generation and analysis of the Voronoi stochastic lattice microstructure are carried out on the microscale. Then, the macroscale structural optimization is conducted with a penalty-free density method. Finally, the full-scale Voronoi graded stochastic lattice structure is reconstructed based on the obtained relative density distribution and mapping relationship. Numerical examples are performed to demonstrate the correctness and validity of the proposed method for designing the Voronoi graded stochastic lattice structure. Several dynamic experiments also verify the effectiveness of the developed multiscale method and the advantage of the optimized graded lattice structure in structural dynamic response.