bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors determining the seasonal habitat use of Asian elephants in the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Anoop N. R. , Krishnaswamy Jagdish , Kelkar Nachiket , Bunyan Milind , Ganesh T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAsian elephants (Elephas maximus) are globally endangered, and their populations persist in several meta‐populations within fragmented landscapes across their distribution. Developing landscape‐level management plans for elephants requires reliable information on the pattern and determinants of their distribution across relevant spatial and temporal scales. The Brahmagiri‐Nilgiri‐Eastern Ghats Landscape (Nilgiri landscape) of peninsular India supports the largest breeding population of Asian elephants globally. The Wayanad Plateau, a wet forest tract in the dry forest‐dominated Nilgiri landscape, witnessed extensive forest fragmentation recently and evolved as a forest‐agriculture matrix. We predicted that habitat use by elephants in the Wayanad Plateau would be high during summer because of the availability of numerous perennial streams and associated swamps that retain water and soil moisture for plant growth over the dry season. We also hypothesized that elephants would use areas with greater forest cover that are removed from human settlements. We used an occupancy‐based approach that accounts for detection probability to understand factors influencing habitat use by elephants in summer (low rainfall, high temperature) and post‐monsoon (largely rainless winter conditions but with abundant forage and water) in 2019 and 2020. As expected, the intensity of habitat use was higher during the summer than during the post‐monsoon season. Elephants used habitats near perennial water sources and with greater forest cover, avoiding areas with high human disturbances. We emphasize the importance of areas that provide key resources for elephants during resource scarcity and the need to prevent habitat degradation for long‐term persistence of elephants and mitigation of human–elephant conflict.
Toward a knowledge‐based view of the board: Modeling board intrafirm knowledge networks
Authors: Bilgili Hansin , Bilgili Tsvetomira V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study introduces a conceptualization of board of directors' intrafirm knowledge network and a methodology for its construction, assessment, and analysis. We use network theory and analytical techniques to construct boards of directors' intrafirm knowledge networks based on directors' functional domain and committee affiliations. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for governance research by examining the intrafirm knowledge network of the board of directors of General Electric and offer testable propositions that link key director turnover with the properties of and the structural changes in the board's knowledge network and the firm outcomes of strategic change and innovativeness. Our approach bridges the human and social capital perspectives on boards of directors by considering the mechanisms through which turnover of key directors influences firm‐level outcomes. Directors are increasingly expected to not only fulfill their monitoring responsibilities but also provide firms with resources and service (e.g., involvement in strategy‐making). The enactment of these responsibilities is contingent on the effective collaboration within board intrafirm networks. Our conceptualization of intrafirm board ties as a knowledge network can help practitioners identify key directors, analyze the implications of director turnover, and develop succession plans. We make important contributions to corporate governance research and offer insights into understanding the knowledge dynamics in small team‐like settings, such as boards of directors and their impact on firm strategy and innovativeness.
Tinnitus characteristics in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and acute tinnitus
Authors: Mokhatrish Mohammad , Baek Wonyong , Nam Gi‐Sung , Cho Sung Il 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTinnitus is a common symptom of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL). This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of acute tinnitus in patients with ISSHL.MethodsA total of 59 patients with ISSHL and acute tinnitus were enrolled. All patients underwent audiological assessment, tinnitus matching for loudness and frequency, and steroid treatment for sudden hearing loss. Tinnitus‐related distress was assessed using the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) questionnaire. The outcomes of hearing recovery and tinnitus remission were investigated retrospectively.ResultsThe loudness and pitch of acute tinnitus were 63.2 ± 22.4 dB HL and 2010.63 ± 2368.99 Hz, respectively. Complete and partial recovery rates of acute tinnitus in ISSHL patients were 32.2% and 39% according to the THI scores. The group with complete recovery of hearing showed significantly greater improvement in tinnitus distress than the group with no improvement in hearing. The loudness and pitch of tinnitus did not correlate with tinnitus remission.ConclusionHearing recovery is more important for tinnitus remission than the psychoacoustic characteristics of acute tinnitus. Timely identification and proper treatment of hearing loss are important to improve tinnitus remission in patients with ISSHL.Level of EvidenceLevel 4.
Targeted and Oxygen‐Enriched Nanoplatform for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro 2D Cell and 3D Spheroid Model Evaluation
Authors: Chen Chieh‐Yu , Chen Ching‐Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHypoxic microenvironment and limited penetration of photosensitizers within solid tumors are two crucial factors that restrict photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Herein, a new fluorinated mixed micelle (M60@PFC‐Ce6) is developed as a tumor‐penetrating and oxygen‐enriching nanoplatform, which consists of chlorin e6 (Ce6) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs) co‐loaded into fluorinated micelles to relieve hypoxia conditions as well as folate as targeting ligand that facilitates the selective biodistribution within tumor solids. The incorporation of fluorinated copolymers into mixed micelles exhibits not only a great increase in the oxygen‐loading capacity, but also improves the stability of liquid PFCs emulsion within micelles without leakage. M60@PFC‐Ce6 shows excellent oxygen delivery capability, good intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and superior phototoxicity in vitro for both 2D monolayer of cells and 3D multicellular spheroid model. These results indicate the enriched oxygen delivery and increased cellular uptake resulting from folate‐targeted ability to enhance ROS production and PDT efficacy. The penetration study of M60@PFC‐Ce6 into a 3D spheroid confirms that small micellar size and folate‐conjugation are beneficial for micelles to penetrate and accumulate within spheroids. Thus, a new nanoplatform with enriched oxygen‐carrying amounts, better drug penetration, and stable micellar properties that relieve tumor hypoxia and improve PDT efficacy is provided.
Light‐Modulated Morphological Transformation of Spiropyran Derivative from Nanosphere to Nanorod
Authors: Wu Zhen , Ma Jiewen , Xu Ruoyu , Zhong Shijie , Zhang Xin , Gong Min , Wang Guojie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe construction of tunable morphological systems has important implications for understanding the mechanism of molecular self‐assembly. In this study, a spiropyran derivative M1 is reported with light‐responsive assembly morphology, which can be tuned from nanosphere to nanorod by ultraviolet light irradiation. The absorption spectra show that M1 molecules are transformed from closed‐ring (SP) isomers into open‐ring (MC) isomers and start to form H‐aggregates with increasing irradiation time. Density functional theory calculations indicate that MC‐MC isomers possess stronger binding energy than SP‐SP isomers. The MC isomers may thus facilitate the dissociation of the SP‐SP aggregates and promote the change of self‐assembled morphology with the aid of stronger π‐π stackings and dipole‐dipole interactions. The research gives an effective method for modulating the morphology of assemblies, with great potential for applications in smart materials.
Effect of GGBS on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar at Ambient and Heat Curing
Authors: Sharma Abhishek , Singh Paramveer , Kapoor Kanish 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigates and shows the effect of incorporation of ground granuated blast furnace slag (GGBS) content in fly ash (FA) based geopolymer mortar by assessing the strength properties of geopolymer mortar in both ambient (25 °C) and heat (60 °C) curing. The percentage of GGBS is varied from 0% to 50% with FA in geopolymer mortar. Sodium silicate (SS) and sodium hydroxide (SH) solutions are used to activate the main binders. For all the mixes the alkali/binder ratio, molarity (M), and sodium silicate (SS)/sodium hydroxide (SH) ratio are fixed to 0.45, 12 M, and 2, respectively. The fresh property in terms of slump flow and other properties like compressive strength, water absorption, and dry density of the geopolymer mortar are determined. The result of this study shows that the inclusion of GGBS content in FA‐based geopolymer mortar significantly increases the compressive in both the curing conditions. Maximum compressive strength of 44.33 MPa is obtained when 50% GGBS is added to the mixes at a curing temperature of 60 °C.
Quercetin: A Putative Eco‐friendly Wide Spectrum Antiviral Against Dengue
Authors: Singh Satpal , Verma Arunima Kumar , Thakur Gaurav , Sharma Shikha , Awasthi Abhishek 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDengue is a devastating disease that affects people all over the world, yet there are currently no effective medications or antivirals against it. No vaccine or medicine with long‐lasting effects has been developed to treat dengue fever. Mosquito repellents have gained popularity as a dengue preventative strategy because of their simplicity of application and usage. However, this has led to ecosystem deterioration, damage, and bioaccumulation as well as biomagnification of hazardous residues. When they are first introduced, synthetic pesticides do not create a wide range of major issues that are later discovered. Therefore, it has become urgently necessary to look for natural treatments that reduce or combat dengue in order to avoid such pesticides. An environmentally friendly alternative to conventional antivirals is quercetin, a flavinoid derives from plant sources. This research conducts a pilot investigation using computational approaches to examine the interaction between the flavinoid quercetin with the dengue virus envelop protein. According to the findings of the current investigation, quercetin exhibits excellent affinity with the dengue envelops protein. Hence, quercetin can work as a broad‐spectrum, environmentally friendly antiviral because it interacts with many envelop proteins of dengue and related viruses. Additionally, because it is obtained organically, there is no impact to the ecosystem in the immediate area when it degrades. As a result, it can be used as a potent, environmentally safe, and broad‐spectrum antiviral against the illness
A novel algorithm of the perfectly matched layer based on the Runge–Kutta method of order 2 accuracy
Authors: Li Kun‐Lai , Zhang Yongliang , Li Jianxiong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe perfectly matched layer (PML) has the ability to terminate the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) lattice successfully. It is crucial to investigate the interaction between electromagnetic waves and the PML. Utilizing the Runge–Kutta method of order 2 accuracy, we derive a novel and efficient complex frequency‐shifted (CFS) PML implementation algorithm, which is named the RK‐PML. To validate the RK‐PML, we provide two numerical examples, which include rectangular waveguide and plasma cube truncated by the PML. By analyzing the time‐domain relative reflection errors, the frequency‐domain reflection coefficients, the computational time, and the memory footprint, the proposed RK‐PML outperforms slightly the convolutional PML (CPML).
Conservation at the nexus of niches: Multidimensional niche modeling to improve management of Prairie Chub
Authors: Steffensmeier Zachary D. , Brewer Shannon K. , Wedgeworth Maeghen , Starks Trevor A. , Rodger Anthony W. , Nguyen Erin , Perkin Joshuah S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
A central challenge in applied ecology is understanding how organisms are spatially and temporally distributed and how management might be tailored to maintain or restore species distributions. The niche concept is central to understanding species distributions, but the diversity of niche definitions requires that multiple dimensions be considered. For example, the Grinnellian niche concept focuses on environmental conditions that allow species to persist, the Eltonian niche concept stresses the influence of biotic interactions, and the fundamental niche concept considers both abiotic and biotic environmental features to define spaces that organisms could occupy.

Methods
We combined abiotic (A), biotic (B), and movement (M) information (collectively, BAM model) to map the multidimensional niche of Prairie Chub Macrhybopsis australis, a regionally endemic freshwater fish currently under review for listing under the Endangered Species Act. We estimated A using remotely sensed environmental riverscape variables, B using the spatial distribution of a hybridization zone between Prairie Chub and Shoal Chub M. hyostoma, and M using data from a mark–recapture study.

Result
The BAM model estimated the spatial extent of multiple niches, including the Grinnellian (A; extent = 944 km of river), Eltonian (B; 2974 km), and fundamental niche (overlap of A + B; 645 km) niches. When A, B, and M components were combined, the estimated extent of the Prairie Chub niche was 645 km.

Conclusion
Our work shows that the realized, multidimensional niche of Prairie Chub includes medium to large rivers with high habitat connectivity in the upper–middle Red River basin upstream of the distribution of Shoal Chub. The current Prairie Chub distribution could be maintained by preventing further habitat fragmentation and maintaining the environmental gradient separating Prairie Chub from Shoal Chub. Expansion of the species distribution may be possible through restoration of longitudinal fluvial connectivity.
Early childhood nurturing strategies in groups of the Yellow River's middle reaches from the late Yangshao culture (3500–2800 BCE): A stable isotope perspective
Authors: Lei Shuai , Gu Wanfa , Wu Qian , Xin Yingjun , Guo Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe have reconstructed the feeding patterns, weaning age, dietary structure, and physiological stress experienced by the late Yangshao culture (3500–2800 BCE) of the Middle Yellow River in different individuals early years through comparative carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of dentin incremental sections, limb bones, or rib assemblages. We present dentin incremental and bone collagen δ13C and δ15N isotope data from 17 individuals from two late Yangshao culture archeological sites (Qingtai 青台 and Shuanghuaishu 双槐树). The result showed that all individuals in the sample weaned between 2.5 and 3.8 years old, and other than the fact that females weaned slightly sooner than males in the Qingtai sites, there were no sex variations in dietary trends across life history stages. The majority of individuals consistently consumed C4 foods (millets) from early childhood onward. A small number of individuals consumed both C3 and C4 foods at an early age, and the proportion of C3 foods (rice) consumed declined or gradually disappeared with increasing age. In addition to the traditional local foods based on millets, a small number of individual families added rice, a newly accessible resource, in varying proportions for young children's foods, which has directly contributed to the dichotomy within this research group in terms of dietary patterns and child‐rearing concepts. The emergence of early childhood nurturing strategies in this study serves as a significant microcosm of the social context in which individual families, private ownership, and civilization progressively took shape in early China.
Accurate damage localization and enhanced mechanical performance of self‐sensing epoxy nanocomposites using graphene platelets
Authors: Wang Shuo , Qian Changjiang , Cui Xu , Wang Peng , Zheng Hui , Wang Zhishu , Xue Hongqian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecently, there has been growing interest in the use of composites structure with self‐sensing functionalities in the aerospace, automotive, and renewable energy industries. However, the integration of sensors such as Fiber Bragg Grating or piezoelectric ceramic transducers into the composite structure can significantly reduce the structure's inherent strength. To address this issue, we present a novel approach for developing self‐sensing composites by incorporating graphene platelets (GnPs) as an electric filler into an epoxy matrix. Our method involves the uniform dispersion of GnPs in epoxy, with some GnPs connected to each other to achieve a low electrical threshold of 0.61 vol% in the resulting nanocomposites. The resulting composite film exhibits high sensitivity to tensile strains ranging from 0% to 1.8%, with gauge factors (GFs) ranging from 19 to 172. This variation in GF is due to the calibration process, which relies on the relationship between input and output data and does not require a constant factor. In addition to its high sensitivity to tensile strains, the composite film also demonstrates excellent self‐sensing performance for bending deformation. Moreover, the composite film effectively responds to impact damage evolution, making it a promising candidate for practical applications. This work represents an advancement in the development of self‐sensing nanocomposites using two‐dimensional materials, offering exceptional sensitivity and adaptability for potential future use.
Intestinal overgrowth of Candida albicans exacerbates bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice with dysbiosis
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Nakashima Taku , Masuda Takeshi , Sakamoto Shinjiro , Yamaguchi Kakuhiro , Horimasu Yasushi , Miyamoto Shintaro , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Fujitaka Kazunori , Hamada Hironobu , Kamada Nobuhiko , Hattori Noboru 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates an interaction between the intestinal microbiota and diseases in distal organs. However, the relationship between pulmonary fibrosis and the intestinal microbiota, especially intestinal fungal microbiota, is poorly understood. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of changes in the intestinal fungal microbiota on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Mice with intestinal overgrowth of Candida albicans, which was established by oral administration of antibiotics plus C. albicans, showed accelerated bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis relative to the control mice (i.e. without C. albicans treatment). In addition, the mice with intestinal overgrowth of C. albicans showed enhanced Th17‐type immunity, and treatment with IL‐17A‐neutralizing antibody alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in these mice but not in the control mice. This result indicates that IL‐17A is involved in the pathogenesis of C. albicans‐exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis. Even before bleomycin treatment, the expression of Rorc, the master regulator of Th17, was already upregulated in the pulmonary lymphocytes of the mice with intestinal overgrowth of C. albicans. Subsequent administration of bleomycin triggered these Th17‐skewed lymphocytes to produce IL‐17A, which enhanced endothelial–mesenchymal transition. These results suggest that intestinal overgrowth of C. albicans exacerbates pulmonary fibrosis via IL‐17A‐mediated endothelial–mesenchymal transition. Thus, it might be a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis. This study may serve as a basis for using intestinal fungal microbiota as novel therapeutic targets in pulmonary fibrosis. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Male intimate partner violence (IPV) victims in Japan: Associations of types of harm, sociodemographic characteristics, and depression trait
Authors: Morishita Junko , Kato Rika , Yasuda Manabu , Suda Shiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting depression trait among male intimate partner violence (IPV) victims in Japan utilizing a multiple linear regression analysis.MethodsA web‐based questionnaire survey was conducted. Male IPV victims living in Japan were recruited to answer the questionnaire on the website on February 25–26, 2021. A total of 16,414 subjects were enrolled, of whom 1466 respondents were included in the study. Other than IPV exposure, information about sociodemographic characteristics, past traumatic experiences and psychiatric history was collected. The Domestic Violence Screening Inventory (DVSI), a 20‐item questionnaire regarding IPV exposure, and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) were used to determine the intensity and the type of IPV harm and to screen for depression, respectively.ResultsThe victims were more frequently subject to psychological abuse than to physical violence. Based on PHQ‐9 scores, 10.7% of respondents exhibited moderate to severe depression. In the DVSI score, 79.2% of respondents required “observation and support.” The lowest level of academic attainment (junior high school), positive psychiatric history, foregoing divorce to avoid adverse childhood experiences of their offspring, childhood exposure to domestic violence, younger age, having no children, and experience of school bullying were shown to be significantly associated with depression trait.ConclusionMale IPV harm has a multilayered complexity. The sociodemographic characteristics and experiences of victims' own have a greater impact on depression trait than direct violent harm, suggesting that the violence‐focused support might be inadequate for male victims. Comprehensive supports are urgently needed.