bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of 3D geotechnical particles using random angular bend algorithm
Authors: Zhang Wengang , Han Liang , Wang Zhenyu , Liu Hanlong , Wang Luqi , Gao Xuecheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGeo‐materials are generally regarded as multi‐phase structural systems, which are composed of particles, pores, and fissures. Generally, the shape and size of particles have considerable influence on the physical and mechanical properties of geo‐materials. Based on the theory of random angular bend (RAB) algorithm, this paper presented a method to finely generate the three‐dimensional (3D) random particle model via the superposition of two‐dimensional (2D) particle profiles, and this proposed method was coded in Python. According to the generation procedure, the relevant point cloud data should be generated, and with the aid of the point cloud normal vector calculation and Poisson reconstruction technique, the required 3D particle profiles can be obtained. Subsequently, three shape descriptors are selected to describe the shape characteristics of generated particles, and accordingly, the quantitative relationships between the shape descriptors and the input controlling parameters are established to accurately control the shape of generated particles. Finally, the generated geo‐material particles are implemented into the particle flow code (PFC3D) to construct the clump library, and an example about a 3D soil–rock mixture model was taken to validate the performance of the proposed method for numerical simulation. The results show that this study provides a useful strategy for the simulation of the geo‐materials based on the RAB theory.
13C NMR quantification of polyamine syntheses in rat prostate
Authors: Vandergrift Lindsey A. , Wang Nanbu , Zhu Miry , Li Bailing , Chen Shuyi , Habbel Piet , Nowak Johannes , Mason Ralph P. , Grant Aaron , Wang Yi , Malloy Craig , Cheng Leo L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrently, many prostate cancer patients, detected through the prostate specific antigen test, harbor organ‐confined indolent disease that cannot be differentiated from aggressive cancer according to clinically and pathologically known measures. Spermine has been considered as an endogenous inhibitor for prostate‐confined cancer growth and its expression has shown correlation with prostate cancer growth rates. If established clinically, measurements of spermine bio‐synthesis rates in prostates may predict prostate cancer growth and patient outcomes. Using rat models, we tested the feasibility of quantifying spermine bio‐synthesis rates with 13C NMR. Male Copenhagen rats (10 weeks, n = 6) were injected with uniformly 13C‐labeled L‐ornithine HCl, and were sacrificed in pairs at 10, 30, and 60 min after injection. Another two rats were injected with saline and sacrificed at 30 min as controls. Prostates were harvested and extracted with perchloric acid and the neutralized solutions were examined by 13C NMR at 600 MHz. 13C NMR revealed measurable ornithine, as well as putrescine‐spermidine‐spermine syntheses in rat prostates, allowing polyamine bio‐synthetic and ornithine bio‐catabolic rates to be calculated. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of 13C NMR for measuring bio‐synthesis rates of ornithine to spermine enzymatic reactions in rat prostates. The current study established a foundation upon which future investigations of protocols that differentiate prostate cancer growth rates according to the measure of ornithine to spermine bio‐synthetic rates may be developed.
Two‐dimensional correlated spectroscopy records reduced neurotransmission in blast‐exposed artillery soldiers after live fire training
Authors: Tosh Nathan , Watson Julia , Lukas Darren , Tremewan Rosanna , Beard Jason , Galloway Graham , Haselhorst Thomas , Young Ross , Crompton David , Mountford Carolyn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is a requirement for an objective method to determine a safe level of low‐level military occupational blast, having recognised it can lead to neurological damage. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of artillery firing training on the neurochemistry of frontline soldiers using two‐dimensional (2D) COrrelated SpectroscopY (2D COSY) in a 3‐T clinical MR scanner. Ten men considered to be of sound health were evaluated before and after a week‐long live firing exercise in two ways. Prior to the live fire exercise, all participants were screened by a clinical psychologist using a combination of clinical interviews and psychometric tests, and were then scanned with 3‐T MRI. The protocols included T1‐ and T2‐weighted images for diagnostic reporting and anatomical localisation and 2D COSY to record any neurochemical effects from the firing. No changes to the structural MRI were recorded. Nine substantive and statistically significant changes in the neurochemistry were recorded as a consequence of firing training. Glutamine and glutamate, glutathione, and two of the seven fucose‐α (1–2)‐glycans were significantly increased. N‐acetyl aspartate, myo‐inositol + creatine, and glycerol were also increased. Significant decreases were recorded for the glutathione cysteine moiety and tentatively assigned glycan with a 1–6 linkage (F2: 4.00, F1: 1.31 ppm). These molecules are part of three neurochemical pathways at the terminus of the neurons providing evidence of early markers of disruption to neurotransmission. Using this technology, the extent of deregulation can now be monitored for each frontline defender on a personalised basis. The capacity to monitor early a disruption in neurotransmitters, using the 2D COSY protocol, can observe the effect of firing and may be used to prevent or limit these events.
Chylothorax and chylous ascites: Overview, management, and nutrition
Authors: Duletzke Nicholas T. , Kiraly Laszlo N. , Martindale Robert G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChyle leaks of any source or type can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Attention to the anatomy and physiology of the leak, followed by stepwise dietary and pharmacologic management, obviates the need for surgical intervention in a majority of patients. In this article, we review the importance, etiology, anatomy, diagnosis, nutrition and immunologic effects, and options for treatment of chylothorax and chylous ascites based on experience and prior literature. We propose a multidisciplinary approach to optimize these treatments including the primary surgical teams, pharmacists, and dietitians, with reoperation as a last resort to minimize the morbidity of this challenging complication.
Study on synthesis and mechanical properties of Eu3+‐π/covalent hybrid crosslinked silicone rubber
Authors: Yue Xuejun , Zeng Shangjun , Sun Rong , Li Yuqaun , Lu Ai , Kang Ming , Yu Fengmei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSilicone rubber is widely used in industry, dairy products, medical, defense support, and other fields due to its excellent comprehensive properties, which have become one of the most important research objects of high‐performance elastomer. Cationic‐π dynamic noncovalent bond has attracted more and more attention from material researchers due to its dynamic reversibility and design flexibility and has been applied to different material systems, giving new characteristics to traditional materials. Cationic‐π/covalently crosslinked silicone rubber was prepared by one‐step method with glycidol propyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (DMS‐E21) as basic polymer, epoxy indole monomer (IN) as crosslinking structure modifier, Europium ion (Eu3+) as cation donor and triethylenetetramine (TETA) as a crosslinking agent. The influence of the reversibility of Eu3+‐π interaction on the static and dynamic mechanical behaviors of silicone rubber was studied. The results show that the elongation at break of cationic‐π/covalent hybrid crosslinked silicone rubber increases by more than 60% compared with pure covalent crosslinked silicone rubber when the breaking energy reaches the maximum, while the tensile strength increases by more than 100% and the introduction of Eu3+‐π dynamic bond can weaken the Mullins effect and the Payne effect on the high temperature of silicone rubber with obvious creep resistance. It shows an excellent mechanical strengthening effect with the characteristic of strengthening and toughening simultaneously and attractive nonlinear mechanical behavior on elastomers.
Caring for two in the ICU: Pharmacotherapy in the critically ill pregnant patient
Authors: Heavner Mojdeh S. , Erdman Grace , Barlow Brooke , Aldhaeefi Mohammed , Cucci Michaelia , Eng Claire C. , Hawkins W. Anthony , Rose Christina , Smith Susan E. , Bell Carolyn Magee , Lankford Allison , Li Matthew , Thompson Bastin Melissa L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSafe and thoughtful medication management of pregnant patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) level of care is key to optimizing outcomes for both mother and fetus. Pregnancy induces physiologic alterations that closely mirror the changes expected in a critically ill patient. These changes can be predictable depending on the gestational age and trimester and will directly impact the pharmacokinetic profile of medications commonly used in the ICU; examples include decreased gastric emptying, increased blood and plasma volume, increased glomerular filtration, and increased cardiac output. When pregnant patients require ICU care, the resulting impact on drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination can be difficult to predict. In addition, there are many nuances of medication metabolism and interface with the placental barrier that should be considered when selecting pharmacotherapy for the pregnant patient. Critical care clinicians need to be aware of medication interactions with the placenta and weigh the risk versus benefit profile of medication use in this patient population. Obstetric critical care admissions have increased over the years, especially during the coronavirus waves. Therefore, understanding the interplay between pregnancy and critical illness to optimize pharmacotherapy selection is crucial to improving health outcomes of mother and fetus. This review highlights pharmacotherapy considerations in the pregnant ICU patient for the following topics: physiologic alterations, categorizing medication risk, supportive care, sepsis, cardiogenic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and venous thromboembolism.
Personalizing prevention: Advances in pharmacotherapy for HIV prevention
Authors: Brizzi Marisa , Sherman Elizabeth M. , Green Sarah B. , Nowicki Diana N. , Drwiega Emily N. , Nicol Melanie R. , Chastain Daniel B. , Sahloff Eric G. , Truong William R. , Cluck David , Badowski Melissa E. , Michienzi Sarah M. , Durham Spencer H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe HIV epidemic continues to pose a significant burden on the healthcare system. Although the incidence of annual new infections is decreasing, health disparities persist and most new infections remain concentrated into different racial, ethnic, and minority groups. Pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), which involves those at high risk of acquiring HIV to take chronic medications to prevent acquisition of the virus, is key to preventing new HIV infections. The purpose of this article is to review medication therapies for PrEP and examine their role in personalizing PrEP in different patient populations. Additionally, new medications currently under development for PrEP are reviewed, as well as treatment as prevention (TasP) and post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP). There are currently four medications available for PrEP: the oral options of co‐formulated emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) or emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (FTC/TAF); injectable long‐acting cabotegravir (CAB‐LA); and the vaginal ring dapivirine (DPV‐VR). FTC/TAF is not currently indicated for persons at risk for HIV through vaginal sex due to lack of studies, but trials are currently ongoing. DPV‐VR is available in Zimbabwe and South Africa and has been endorsed by the World Health Organization but is not currently available in the United States. Several agents are also in development for use in PrEP: the novel long‐acting injectable lenacapavir, a first‐in‐class capsid inhibitor, which has no cross‐resistance to any existing HIV drug class; the subdermal implant islatravir, a first‐in‐class translocation inhibitor; and VRC01, a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) which has been evaluated in proof‐of‐concept studies that may lead to the development of more potent bnAbs. Overall, PrEP is highly effective at preventing HIV infection in high‐risk populations. Identifying optimal PrEP regimens in different patient populations is complex and must consider patient‐specific factors and medication cost and access considerations. Lastly, providers should consider individual patient preferences with regard to prevention to improve access, retention in care, and adherence.
Capture of CO2by O, S, and Se substituted tripletN‐heterocyclic vinylidenes: a theoretical comparison
Authors: Soroudi Shadi , Kassaee Mohamad Zaman 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbenes are anticipated to capture greenhouse gases. We have compared and contrasted trapping of CO2by O, S, and Se substituted singlet (s) and triplet (t)N‐heterocyclic vinylidene minima (1s–3sand1t–3t, respectively), at M06‐2X/6‐311++G** level of theory. Unlike many carbenes, our triplet minima (1t–3t) appeared as ground states. Hence, we compared their ability to capture CO2. The ease of CO2trapping by the scrutinized triplet vinylidenes is:2t > 3t > 1t. The NBO and AIM results appear consistent with the above trend and our proposed mechanism.
Solvent effect on adsorption of benzylidene oxindole to C20 nanocage: A DFT approach
Authors: Koohi Maryam , Bastami Hajieh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, one of the selective and potent inhibitors named (E)‐3‐benzylidene‐indoline‐2‐one (I), as against different receptor tyrosine kinase in metastasis, angiogenesis, and tumor growth, is inspected in the gas phase and in solution, at B3LYP/6‐311++G** and B3LYP/AUG‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory. A stimulating issue for this biologically active species is the effect of different media on its stability, structure, and energy gap in intermolecular [4 + 2] adsorption of I (as diene) to C20 (as dienophile) to yield (E)‐3‐benzylidene‐indoline‐2‐one[20]fullerene: Ia complex. In going from gas phase to C6H6, C2H4Cl2, EtOH, MeNO2, DMSO, and H2O solvents, individually, the optimization of complex (Ia) leads to the following: (1) The thermodynamic stability; the adsorption energy difference between liquid and gas phase (∆El–g) and dipole moment (μ) seem proportional to the dielectric constant (ε) of the scrutinized media. (2) The kinetic stability; energy difference (∆EL–H) between the frontier molecular orbitals; FMO in different media is altered in the opposite direction of ε. (3) Despite of popular belief that the endo isomer emerges thermodynamically more stable than its corresponding exo isomer, we suggest formation of kinetically more stable exo isomer because of π–π stacking among the benzyl ring and C20 nanocage. (4) The possibility of hetero [4 + 2] cycloaddition is anticipated by the lowest energy barrier of 3.8 kcal/mol probed for exo transition state (TS) in gas phase, while the highest energy barrier of 7.9 kcal/mol corresponds to the endo TS in water. (5) Due to lack of the repulsion type interaction, the exo [4 + 2] cycloaddition of unstable C20 fullerene with the scrutinized oxindole can be carried out thermally at r.t. and currently hold responsible for the origin of stereoselectivity.
Wetting and aging behaviors for several O2 and NH3 plasma treated nanofibrous and flat film polymer materials: A comparison
Authors: Watson Sean , Pattyn Cedric , Mohseni Garakani Mansoureh , Ajji Abdellah , Reuter Stephan , Wertheimer Michael R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAging (or “hydrophobic recovery”) of plasma‐modified polymer surfaces has been known and documented in the literature over several decades; to the best of our knowledge, the present study appears to be the first in which this is done for two vastly different rough surface structures: (i) electrospun nanofibrous (NF) mats, and (ii) flat films (FF), for three polymers of well‐documented interest in biotechnological applications: poly(lactic acid); poly(urethane); and poly(caprolactone). Two different plasma treatments are applied: low‐pressure (LP) radio‐frequency (rf) glow discharges in flows of O2 and NH3 under mild power conditions. Measured time‐dependent surface compositions (from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy survey spectra) and water contact angles (WCA) were found to tend toward asymptotic limiting values after ca. 30 days of storage in clean air, as previously reported by these and other authors. An entirely novel aspect of this work is to examine and compare time‐dependent WCA behaviors of NF and FF samples in terms of Wenzel (W) and Cassie‐Baxter (C‐B) model behaviors, including possible transitions from C‐B to W and their interpretation.
Laser‐Patterned Carbon‐Supported Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots for Flexible Nanozyme‐Based Fluoride Sensor
Authors: Devi Mamta , Raut Bikash , Sharma Swati 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g‐CNQDs)‐based colorimetric sensors are typically solution‐based and hence incompatible with wearable electronics. Today's competitive technology demands safe and reliable, high‐performance sensors suitable for integration with sophisticated electronics—all at a low cost. Herein, a flexible and reusable solid‐state fluoride ion sensor manufactured by combining the intriguing surface properties of laser‐patterned carbon (LP‐C) with the sensitivity of g‐CNQDs is reported. LP‐C is obtained by direct IR‐laser writing onto polyimide films, and g‐CNQDs are synthesized via a solvent‐free and zero‐waste green process. The hybrid of LP‐C and g‐CNQDs (g‐CNQDs/LP‐C), mimics the natural enzyme horseradish peroxidase and oxidizes the chromogenic substrate 3,3’,5,5’‐tetramethylbenzidine in the presence of H2O2 in acidic media. The highly selective and user‐friendly nanozyme sensors feature a lower limit of detection of 0.568 ± 0.006 × 10−6 m (23.8 ± 1.5 µg L−1) with linearity in the range of 0.5 × 10−6 to 100 × 10−6 m. A sensing mechanism based on the electronic transitions of g‐CNQDs and LP‐C, the two variants of nitrogen‐containing carbon used in this work, is established. Finally, the device is tested for fluoride ion sensing in natural water samples collected from the Uhl river in Mandi, India.
P‐score in preoperative biopsies accurately predicts P‐score in final pathology at radical prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer
Authors: Röbeck Pontus , Xu Lidi , Ahmed Dilruba , Dragomir Anca , Dahlman Pär , Häggman Michael , Ladjevardi Sam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is a highly heterogeneous, multifocal disease, and identification of clinically significant lesions is challenging, which complicates the choice of adequate treatment. The Prostatype® score (P‐score) is intended to guide treatment decisions for newly diagnosed PCa patients based on a three‐gene signature (IGFBP3, F3, and VGLL3) and clinicopathological information obtained at diagnosis. This study evaluated association of the P‐score measured in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion‐guided core needle biopsies (CNBs) and the P‐score measured in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens of PCa patients. We also evaluated the P‐score association with the pathology of RP specimens. Furthermore, concordance of the P‐score in paired CNB and RP specimens, as well as in index versus concomitant nonindex tumor foci from the same RP was investigated.MethodsThe study included 100 patients with localized PCa. All patients were diagnosed by CNB and underwent RP between 2015 and 2018. Gene expression was assessed with the Prostatype® real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction kit and the P‐score was calculated. Patients were categorized into three P‐score risk groups according to previously defined cutoffs.ResultsFor 71 patients, sufficient CNB tumor material was available for comparison with the RP specimens. The CNB‐based P‐score was associated with the pathological T‐stage in RP specimens (p = 0.02). Moreover, the CNB‐based P‐score groups were in substantial agreement with the RP‐based P‐score groups (weighted κ score: 0.76 [95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 0.60–0.92]; Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r = 0.83 [95% CI: 0.74–0.89]; p < 0.0001). Similarly, the P‐score groups based on paired index tumor and concomitant nonindex tumor foci (n = 64) were also in substantial agreement (weighted κ score: 0.74 [95% CI: 0.57–0.91]; r = 0.83 [95% CI: 0.73–0.89], p < 0.0001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the P‐score based on preoperative CNB accurately reflects the pathology of the whole tumor, highlighting its value as a decision support tool for newly diagnosed PCa patients.
Common strategies in silkworm disease resistance breeding research
Authors: Li Kejie , Dong Zhanqi , Pan Minhui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe silkworm, which is considered a model invertebrate organism, was the first insect used for silk production in human history and has been utilized extensively throughout its domestication. However, sericulture has been plagued by various pathogens that have caused significant economic losses. To enhance the resistance of a host to its pathogens,numerous strategies have been developed. For instance, gene‐editing techniques have been applied to a wide range of organisms, effectively solving a variety of experimental problems. This review focuses on several common silkworm pests and their pathogenic mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on breeding for disease resistance to control multiple types of silkworm diseases. The review also compares the advantages and disadvantages of transgenic technology and gene‐editing systems. Finally, the paper provides a brief summary of current strategies used in breeding silkworm disease resistance, along with a discussion of the establishment of existing technologies and their future application prospects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of ground granulated blast furnace slag on mechanical properties and durability of graphene oxide‐reinforced cementitious mortars
Authors: Hosseini Kamyar , Atrian Mohamad Amin , Mirvalad Sajjad , Korayem Asghar Habibnejad , Ebrahimi Mitra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, considering environmental issues, partial replacement of Portland cement with supplementary cementitious material (SCM), namely ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), has been in the spotlight of research. On the other hand, carbon‐based nanomaterials, especially graphene oxide (GO), are recognized as an extraordinary additive with special characteristics that can be included in cementitious materials. In this research, the impact of GGBS on the mechanical properties and durability of GO‐modified mortars was investigated at 28 and 90 days. The results demonstrate that by increasing the content of GGBS, a decrease in the flexural and compressive strength compared to plain cement sample was seen. On the other hand, incorporation of GGBS and GO led to higher strength compared to GO‐cement mortar. Also, the compressive strength of the sample containing 20% GGBS and 0.03% GO was 38.7% higher than the plain cement sample at 90 days. On the other hand, adding GGBS to a GO‐reinforced sample resulted in a more durable specimen against chloride and acid environments. The sample made of 40% GGBS in GO‐modified mortar not only has the best efficiency in harsh environments but also has the lowest water absorption. This mortar improved the migration coefficient, mass loss in HCl solution, and initial sorptivity by 20.1%, 57.7%, and 37.1%, respectively. Moreover, the mentioned sample had a denser microstructure with smaller cracks compared to other samples, based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) images.