bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of time-restricted eating with exercise on body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hays Harry M. , Sefidmooye Azar Pouria , Kang Minsoo , Tinsley Grant M. , Wijayatunga Nadeeja N. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) with exercise on body composition in adults are not clear.

Objective
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of TRE when followed in combination with various forms of exercise, including aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic and resistance [concurrent] training on body composition.

Methods
Studies published up to May 2023 were searched in EBSCOhost (MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTSDISCUS), PubMed, and SCOPUS databases. Fifteen studies, including 338 participants, that evaluated TRE vs. unrestricted eating in individuals performing exercise were analyzed. A random-effects model was used to calculate the weighted mean effect sizes (ES) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI’s).

Results
According to the pooled results, TRE had a small but significant reduction of fat mass (FM) kg with an effect size of −0.20 (95% CI = −0.28 to −0.13, p < 0.001) and on body fat percent (BF%) with an effect size of −0.23 (95% CI = −0.35 to −0.11, p < 0.001). The prediction interval ranged from −0.48 to 0.08 for FM and from −0.64 to 0.18 for BF%, respectively. TRE did not significantly alter fat-free mass (FFM) kg compared to control (p = 0.07). Furthermore, age, body mass index (BMI), exercise type, study duration, and energy intake did not have a significant impact on the variation in effect sizes according to the subgroup analyses (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
TRE with exercise may reduce fat mass compared to an unrestricted eating window exercise-matched control while preserving FFM. However, more studies are needed.
Mechanisms of regulated cell death during plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Wengler Matthew R. , Talbot Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFungi are the most important group of plant pathogens, responsible for many of the world’s most devastating crop diseases. One of the reasons they are such successful pathogens is because several fungi have evolved the capacity to breach the tough outer cuticle of plants using specialized infection structures called appressoria. This is exemplified by the filamentous ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, causal agent of rice blast, one of the most serious diseases affecting rice cultivation globally. M. oryzae develops a pressurized dome-shaped appressorium that uses mechanical force to rupture the rice leaf cuticle. Appressoria form in response to the hydrophobic leaf surface, which requires the Pmk1 MAP kinase signalling pathway, coupled to a series of cell-cycle checkpoints that are necessary for regulated cell death of the fungal conidium and development of a functionally competent appressorium. Conidial cell death requires autophagy, which occurs within each cell of the spore, and is regulated by components of the cargo-independent autophagy pathway. This results in trafficking of the contents of all three cells to the incipient appressorium, which develops enormous turgor of up to 8.0 MPa, due to glycerol accumulation, and differentiates a thickened, melanin-lined cell wall. The appressorium then re-polarizes, re-orienting the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton to enable development of a penetration peg in a perpendicular orientation, that ruptures the leaf surface using mechanical force. Re-polarization requires septin GTPases which form a ring structure at the base of the appressorium, which delineates the point of plant infection, and acts as a scaffold for actin re-localization, enhances cortical rigidity, and forms a lateral diffusion barrier to focus polarity determinants that regulate penetration peg formation. Here we review the mechanism of regulated cell death in M. oryzae, which requires autophagy but may also involve ferroptosis. We critically evaluate the role of regulated cell death in appressorium morphogenesis and examine how it is initiated and regulated, both temporally and spatially, during plant infection. We then use this synopsis to present a testable model for control of regulated cell death during appressorium-dependent plant infection by the blast fungus.
RNA m6A involves in regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis may via NF-kB pathway in cadmium-induced lung cells
Authors: Zhang Nan , Yang Jie , Zhao Yuan , Li Wenhong , Zhao Bo , Li Rongxian , He Zuoshun , Gu Shiyan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCadmium has been identified as an environmental pollutant and a carcinogen. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a crucial role in the development of lung tumors, but the mechanisms remain incompletely clarified. In present study, our data demonstrated that prolonged treatment of 1 μmol/L CdSO4 for 40 passages in bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B cells) resulted in the development of a malignant phenotype, which manifested as boosted proliferation, migration and invasion capacity as well as apoptosis reduction. Proteomic assay revealed that in passage 40 cells, 350 proteins showed differentially expressed in comparison to control, and these proteins were primarily enriched in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of “pathways in cancer” and “Chemical carcinoma-reactive oxygen species”. Moreover, the mRNAs of Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), the key signaling molecules in these two signaling pathways, were predicted to contain m6A modification sites with high confidence. The subsequent experimental results indicated that levels of m6A and Fat mass and obesity associated protein (FTO) elevated, while Alkylated DNA repair protein alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) and YTH Domain Containing Protein 2 (YTHDC2) reduced with the increasing of cadmium treatment generations. Furthermore, the reduction of m6A levels by 3-deazide adenosine (DAA, m6A inhibitor) was found to significantly inhibit malignant characteristics of cadmium-induced cells, activate molecules involved in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway, and inhibit the activity of NF-κB. It is also noteworthy that the results based on animals indicate that the relevant indicators and biological changes are partially similar to cell experiments. In detail, m6A modification levels in lung tissue were observed to increase while the expressions of FTO, ALKBH5 and YTHDC2 were found to drop. Additionally, immunofluorescence examination illustrated the co-localization of the m6A regulatory proteins FTO and YTHDC2 with NF-κB. The presented data collectively suggest that chronic cadmium treatment may impact the m6A level through influencing regulatory proteins, which could potentially trigger oxidative stress and apoptosis by regulating transcription factors such as NF-κB and NRF2. In conclusion, our study provides a scientific foundation for understanding cadmium toxicity and offers novel insights for treating cadmium-induced lung diseases.
Atomic-level Ru-Ir mixing in rutile-type (RuIr)O2 for efficient and durable oxygen evolution catalysis
Authors: Park Yeji , Jang Ho Yeon , Lee Tae Kyung , Kim Taekyung , Kim Doyeop , Kim Dongjin , Baik Hionsuck , Choi Jinwon , Kwon Taehyun , Yoo Sung Jong , Back Seoin , Lee Kwangyeol 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe success of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) depends on active and robust electrocatalysts to facilitate oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Heteroatom-doped-RuOx has emerged as a promising electrocatalysts because heteroatoms suppress lattice oxygen participation in the OER, thereby preventing the destabilization of surface Ru and catalyst degradation. However, identifying suitable heteroatoms and achieving their atomic-scale coupling with Ru atoms are nontrivial tasks. Herein, to steer the reaction pathway away from the involvement of lattice oxygen, we integrate OER-active Ir atoms into the RuO2 matrix, which maximizes the synergy between stable Ru and active Ir centers, by leveraging the changeable growth behavior of Ru/Ir atoms on lattice parameter-modulated templates. In PEMWE, the resulting (RuIr)O2/C electrocatalysts demonstrate notable current density of 4.96 A cm−2 and mass activity of 19.84 A mgRu+Ir−1 at 2.0 V. In situ spectroscopic analysis and computational calculations highlight the importance of the synergistic coexistence of Ru/Ir-dual-OER-active sites for mitigating Ru dissolution via the optimization of the binding energy with oxygen intermediates and stabilization of Ru sites.
Systematic softening in universal machine learning interatomic potentials
Authors: Deng Bowen , Choi Yunyeong , Zhong Peichen , Riebesell Janosh , Anand Shashwat , Li Zhuohan , Jun KyuJung , Persson Kristin A. , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMachine learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) have introduced a new paradigm for atomic simulations. Recent advancements have led to universal MLIPs (uMLIPs) that are pre-trained on diverse datasets, providing opportunities for universal force fields and foundational machine learning models. However, their performance in extrapolating to out-of-distribution complex atomic environments remains unclear. In this study, we highlight a consistent potential energy surface (PES) softening effect in three uMLIPs: M3GNet, CHGNet, and MACE-MP-0, which is characterized by energy and force underprediction in atomic-modeling benchmarks including surfaces, defects, solid-solution energetics, ion migration barriers, phonon vibration modes, and general high-energy states. The PES softening behavior originates primarily from the systematically underpredicted PES curvature, which derives from the biased sampling of near-equilibrium atomic arrangements in uMLIP pre-training datasets. Our findings suggest that a considerable fraction of uMLIP errors are highly systematic, and can therefore be efficiently corrected. We argue for the importance of a comprehensive materials dataset with improved PES sampling for next-generation foundational MLIPs.
AMPD1 and MTHFR genes are not associated with calcium levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients with methotrexate therapy in Indonesia
Authors: Destiani Dika P. , Dewi Sumartini , Sulaiman Syed A. S. , Alfian Sofa D. , Barliana Melisa I. , Abdulah Rizky 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease that affects synovial tissues has greater risk of developing secondary osteoporosis (OP). In particular, polymorphisms in Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase 1 (AMPD1) and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) affect the outcome of methotrexate (MTX) treatment in patients with RA. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association of AMPD1 rs17602729, MTHFR C677T, and MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms with MTX activity in RA patients. A retrospective design was adopted to collect data from medical records and blood samples of 99 patients experiencing outpatient care at a referral hospital in Bandung. The inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with RA, aged 18–59 years, and receiving MTX therapy for ≥ 6 months. DNA was isolated and then amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and genotyping was performed with Sanger sequencing. The kinetic photometric method was used to measure the levels of calcium in the samples. The results showed that there is no significant association between the MTHFR C677T genotype variant or allele with calcium levels, as indicated by p-values of 0.177 and 0.174, respectively. The association between the MTHFR A1298C genotype variant or alleles with calcium levels was also not significant (p = 0.206 and p = 0.090, respectively). However, most patients had normal calcium levels (76 patients; 77.6%) with the MTHFR C677T genotype variant CC and the MTHFR A1298C genotype variant AA (84 patients; 84.9%). AMPD1 rs17602729 in all patients had a CC genotype with normal calcium levels. The results suggested that there was no significant association between the genetic variation of AMPD1 rs17602729, MTHFR C677T, and MTHFR A1298C with serum calcium levels in patients with RA receiving MTX therapy.
Generation of a genetically engineered porcine melanoma model featuring oncogenic control through conditional Cre recombination
Authors: Oh Dongjin , Hong Nayoung , Eun Kiyoung , Lee Joohyeong , Cai Lian , Kim Mirae , Choi Hyerin , Jawad Ali , Ham Jaehyung , Park Min Gi , Kim Bohye , Lee Sang Chul , Moon Changjong , Kim Hyunggee , Hyun Sang-Hwan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMelanoma is a serious type of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes. Rodent melanoma models have provided valuable insights into melanoma pathology; however, they often lack applicability to humans owing to genetic, anatomical, physiological, and metabolic differences. Herein, we developed a transgenic porcine melanoma model that closely resembles humans via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Our model features the conditional oncogenes cassettes, TP53R167H and human BRAFV600E, controlled by melanocyte-specific CreER recombinase. After SCNT, transgenic embryos developed normally, with the capacity to develop porcine embryonic stem cells. Seven transgenic piglets with oncogene cassettes were born through embryo transfer. We demonstrated that Cre recombination-mediated oncogene activation remarkably triggered the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in vitro. Notably, intradermal injection of 4-hydroxytamoxifen activated oncogene cassettes in vivo, resulting in melanocytic lesions resembling hyperpigmented nevi with increased proliferative properties similar to early human melanomas. This melanoma-inducing system, heritably transmitted to offspring, supports large-scale studies. The novel porcine model provides a valuable tool for elucidating melanoma development and metastasis mechanism, advancing translational medicine, and facilitating preclinical evaluation of new anticancer drugs.
Effect of grain shape elongation in direction and perpendicular to current stream (conductive or insulator) on the electrical characteristics of mixtures
Authors: Gomaa Mohamed Mahmoud 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe shape elongation of grains, in mixtures, can have an effect on the electrical characteristics. Grain size and structural changes can impact the dielectric, and electrical properties of materials. The electrical properties of natural mixtures are influenced by their arrangement and shape. Insulating grains block potential pathways for electricity between electrodes. One key factor is grain shape elongation and how it aligns with the electric current. If the long part of the conductor grains lines up with the stream of current, then it will show high conductivity and an early critical percolation threshold. The critical percolation threshold decreases when the conductor is extended with the stream of current. Conductor elongated with the current stream increases the current flow. When the conductor is elongated perpendicular to the current stream, from sphere to needle, no perceptible alterations upon the associated critical threshold take effect. When the insulator is elongated with the stream of current the critical percolation threshold does not change significantly. The critical percolation threshold increases when insulator elongation perpendicular to the current direction. The elongated insulator perpendicular to the current’s stream hinders the current’s flow. The EMT offers a simulation to contain the variations in dielectric constant and conductivity across different concentrations. This is the first time to discuss the direction of elongation of conductor or insulator grains, in a mixture, in parallel or perpendicular to the stream of the current.
Synthesis, optical linear and non-linear characterization and metal ion sensing application of some novel thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide Schiff base derivatives
Authors: Soliman Ahmed. M. M. , Abd El Aleem Ali Ali El-Remaily Mahmoud , Kamel Moumen S. , El-Araby Alaa , Shokr E. Kh. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSynthesized 3,4-Diaminothieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbohydrazide (DTT) Schiff base derivatives newly were synthesized by attaching with different aldehydes, deposited in thin film form by thermal evaporation technique, and characterized by UV–Visible-NIR spectroscopy, FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. It is revealed that compound 4 has the highest absorption peak intensity at 586 nm. The allied absorption, dielectric, and dispersion parameters have been calculated and discussed. The obtained results manifested that compound 4 and DTT have lower (1.92 eV), and higher (3.47 eV) energy band gap values, respectively, as a result of the conjugation number effect. The high nonlinear refractive index n2 and third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) of these organic thin films are comparable with those of chalcogenide and oxide materials, making them promising for nonlinear optical systems. Compound 4 displays high sensitivity towards metal ion detection (ex. Cu+2, Ni+2, Fe+3, Mn+2, Pb+2, Co+2), suggesting its ability to be applied as a metal ion sensor and quantifying their concentration levels by means of a suitable calibration curve.
The total extract of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic flowers (TEA) mediated Nrf2-TFAM signalling to regulate mitochondrial antioxidant mechanism
Authors: Song Ying , Zhu Xinyi , Wang Beibei , Li Qisong , Song Biwei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSkin, as the first line of defence of the human body, is exposed to dangers such as overheating substances, ultraviolet rays, and environmental pollutants, and the incidence of skin diseases is increasing annually. Oxidative stress plays a dominant role in most skin diseases. Abelmoschus manihot (L.) medic flower (TEA) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used to treat injuries to the skin such as water and fire scalds. It has been reported that TEA has excellent antioxidant effects. In this study, we aimed to explore the antioxidant and mitochondrial protection effects of TEA in H2O2-mediated HaCaT cell damage. HaCaT cells were incubated with H2O2 to simulate oxidative stress in the skin. The effect of TEA on HaCaT cells was also evaluated. Cell morphology was observed via inverted microscopy, and cell viability was measured via the MTT reagent. The cells were stained with Hoechst 33,324 solution. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and ATP detection kits were used to detect the corresponding indicators. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA and mtDNA expression. The expression of the target protein was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. H2O2 triggered oxidative damage in HaCaT cells, which manifested as apoptosis, increased ROS and MDA contents, and decreased SOD activity. H2O2 activates the KEAP1/Nrf2/NQO1 signalling pathway, which decreases the expression of the intracellular KEAP1 protein and slightly increases the expression of the Nrf2 and NQO1 proteins, further causing mitochondrial oxidative stress, resulting in changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, a reduction in the mtDNA copy number, and decreased expression of the PGC-1α and TFAM proteins. In addition the expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain genes and proteins decreased. TEA promoted the expression of Nrf2 in HaCaT cells, activated the downstream antioxidant response, and alleviated the oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage caused by H2O2. ML385 is an Nrf2 inhibitor, under which the antioxidant and mitochondrial protective effects of TEA are inhibited. When TFAM was knocked down, the protective effect of TEA on mitochondria was also inhibited. TEA protects HaCaT cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial oxidative damage through the KEAP1/Nrf2/NQO1/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway.
Kinetics, central composite design and artificial neural network modelling of ciprofloxacin antibiotic photodegradation using fabricated cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Meky Asmaa I. , Hassaan Mohamed A. , El-Nemr Mohamed A. , Fetouh Howida A. , Ismail Amel M. , El Nemr Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were fabricated and examined in this study as a potential photocatalyst for the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIPF) degradation when exposed to visible LED light. The Co-precipitation technique created Cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles that were 5, 10, and 15% Co-loaded. Different known techniques have been used to characterize the synthesized ZnO and cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Compared to ZnO and other Cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles, the experiments showed that 10% Cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles were a very effective catalyst for CIPF photodegradation. According to XRD, these NPs have a hexagonal Wurtzite structure with an average size of between 38.47 and 48.06 nm. Tauc plot displayed that the optical energy band-gap of ZnO NPs (3.21) slowly declines with Co doping (2.75 eV). The enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles, which avoids electron-hole recombination, is brought on by the implantation of Co. Within 90 min, a 30 mg/L solution of ciprofloxacin was destroyed (> 99%). The kinetics studies demonstrated that the first-order model, with R2 = 0.9703, is appropriate for illuminating the pace of reaction and quantity of CIPF elimination. The recycled Cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles enhanced photocatalytic performance toward CIPF for 3 cycles with the same efficiency. Furthermore, optimization of the 10% Cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using a Central composite design (CCD) was also studied. The optimal parameters of pH 6.486, 134.39 rpm shaking speed, 54.071 mg catalyst dose, and 31.04 ppm CIPF initial concentration resulted in the highest CIPF degradation efficiency (93.99%). Artificial neural networks (ANN) were used to simulate the experimental data. The backpropagation technique was used to train the networks with 152 input-output patterns. After experimenting with various configurations, the best results with a correlation value (R2) of 0.9780 for data validation were obtained using a three-hidden layered network that included five, five, and eight neurons, respectively.
AI based medical imagery diagnosis for COVID-19 disease examination and remedy
Authors: Aboshosha Ashraf 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCOVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has spread to more than 200 countries, affecting millions, costing billions, and claiming nearly 2 million lives since late 2019. This highly contagious disease can easily overwhelm healthcare systems if not managed promptly. The current diagnostic method, Molecular diagnosis, is slow and has low sensitivity. CXR, an initial imaging tool, provides rapid results, but is less sensitive compared to CT scans. This article focuses on using AI for two main objectives: classifying the severity of COVID-19 and determining the appropriate treatment. Highlights key factors in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, addressing questions such as: 1. For COVID-19 is innate immunity more important or acquired immunity? 2. Is the COVID-19 an immunity disorder or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome(ARDS)? 3. Is the cross mortality due to aging more dangerous than COVID-19? 4. Is COVID-19 a seasonal disease due to the deficiency of vitamin D in winter? 5. Is it better to treat COVID-19 as an epidemic or a pandemic?