bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bactericidal role of epidermal mucus of freshwater fish treated withAeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Ali Shandana , Shah Syed Ata Ur Rahman , Rauf Muhammad , Hassan Maizom , Ullah Waheed , Dawar Farman Ullah 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study explored the bactericidal role of the epidermal mucus (EM) of five freshwater Cyprinid fish species namelyCtenopharyngodon idella,Labeo rohita,Catla catla,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, andCirrhinus mrigalaafter treatment withAeromonas hydrophila. Extracts of EM (crude and acidic) of each species showed bactericidal activity against various Gram −ve (Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Aeromonas hydrophila,Edwardsiella tarda,Salmonella enterica,Klebsiella pneumonia,Serratia marcescens, andEnterobacter cloacae) and Gram +ve (Bacillus wiedmanniiandStaphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared with standard antibiotics (Fosfomycin). The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured in millimetres against antibiotics (Fosfomycin). Variations in bactericidal activity of EM were observed against bacteria from the same and different fish species. The acidic extract was more effective than the crude extract and showed significantly higher ZOI values against various bacteria and Fosfomycin antibiotics. This result shows that fish EM may perform an important role in fish defence against bacteria. Therefore, this study may hint towards the substitution of synthetic antibiotics with fish EM that may be used as a novel ‘bactericidal’ in aquaculture as well as in humans against bacterial infections.
Apolipoprotein A2 isoforms associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in early chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Futagami Seiji , Agawa Shuhei , Nakamura Ken , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Habiro Mayu , Kawawa Rie , Yamawaki Hiroshi , Tsushima Rina , Kirita Kumiko , Akimoto Teppei , Ueki Nobue , Tomohide Tanabe , Itokawa Norio , Suzuki Nami , Naito Yutaka , Takeuchi Keiko , Kashiro Ayumi , Ohta Ryu , Mizutani Satoshi , Taniai Nobuhiko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Honda Kazufumi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and AimApolipoprotein A2 (apoA2) isoforms have been reported to undergo the aberrant processing in pancreatic cancer and pancreatic risk populations compared with that in healthy subjects. This study aimed to clarify whether apoA2 isoforms were as useful as N‐benzoyl‐p‐aminobenzoic acid (BT‐PABA) test for exocrine pancreatic dysfunction markers in patients with early chronic pancreatitis (ECP).MethodsFifty consecutive patients with functional dyspepsia with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (FD‐P) (n = 18), with ECP (n = 20), and asymptomatic patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (AP‐P) (n = 12) based on the Rome IV classification and the Japan Pancreatic Association were enrolled in this study. The enrolled patients were evaluated using endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic ultrasonography elastography. Five pancreatic enzymes were estimated. Pancreatic exocrine function was analyzed using the BT‐PABA test. Lighter and heavier apoA2 isoforms, AT and ATQ levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methods.ResultsThere were no significant differences in clinical characteristics such as age, gender, body mass index, alcohol consumption and smoking among patients with AP‐P, FD‐P, and ECP. The BT‐PABA test and lighter apoA2 isoform, AT level in the enrolled patients had a significant correlation (P < 0.01). The BT‐PABA test in patients with ECP was significantly lower (P = 0.04) than that in AP‐P. ApoA2‐AT level in patients with ECP was lower than that in AP‐P, albeit, insignificantly. Interestingly, apo A2‐AT level was significantly (P = 0.041) associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency by multiple logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsApoA2‐AT level is a useful tool to evaluate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in the early stage of chronic pancreatitis.
Nutrition quality and food and packaging waste associated with the school food system: A pilot, citizen science study in an Irish secondary school
Authors: Browne Sarah , Mullen Aoife , Mulholland Beth , Lo Chungwan , Ruttledge Angela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSchool is an important setting for creating healthy and sustainable food environments. Using participatory methods, this pilot study examined food and packaging waste and nutrition quality within the school food system.MethodsOne secondary school in Ireland participated in a waste audit. Eleven male students (15–17 years) participated as citizen scientists. Students collected waste over 1 day and documented data on waste categories. Nutrition labels were photographed for analysis. Students created a video and participated in a focus group. Quantitative data were summarised using descriptive frequencies. A Nutrient Profile Model was applied to summarise nutrition quality. The focus group discussion was analysed using content analysis.ResultsHighest weights of waste were organic waste (14.2 kg), paper and cardboard (5.0 kg), and hard plastics (4.1 kg). Materials banned by the European Union Single Use Plastics Directive were found. Recycling bins were contaminated with food waste. Nutrition labels from 132 food packages were analysed, of which 115 items (87%) were low‐nutrient, energy dense foods. Confectionary, energy bars and desserts and savoury snacks were the most common packaged food groups. Students were not surprised by the unhealthy food choices; however, they were shocked and saddened at the waste practices. Their proposed solutions mapped across individual, community and organisational levels.ConclusionsThe methodologies allowed successful engagement with students on this topic. The use of unnecessary plastics to serve food, poor waste separation practices, and the production of avoidable waste from low‐nutrient, energy‐dense products were key issues identified. Students proposed solutions that are achievable in the short‐term.
Fracture resistance and failure mode of endodontically treated premolars reconstructed by different preparation approaches: Cervical margin relocation and crown lengthening with complete and partial ferrule with three different post and core systems
Authors: Falahchai Mehran , Musapoor Naghmeh , Mokhtari Soroosh , Babaee Hemmati Yasamin , Neshandar Asli Hamid 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo assess the fracture resistance and failure mode of endodontically treated premolars reconstructed by different preparation approaches: cervical margin relocation (CMR) and crown lengthening (CL) with complete ferrule (CLF) and partial ferrule (CLPF) with three different post and core systems.Materials and MethodsIn this in vitro study, 100 maxillary premolars were assigned to the following 10 groups according to their preparation approach and type of post and core system (n = 10): (I) control (intact teeth), (II) prefabricated fiber post (PFP) and composite core with CMR (PFP‐CMR), (III) polyethylene fiber‐reinforced composite (PEFRC) with CMR (PEFRC‐CMR), (IV) casting post (CP) and core with CMR (CP‐CMR), (V) PFP‐CLPF, (VI) PEFRC‐CLPF, (VII) CP‐CLPF, (VIII) PFP‐CLF, (IX) PEFRC‐CLF, and (X) CP‐CLF. After thermomechanical loading, the fracture resistance and failure mode were assessed. Data were analyzed statistically (α = 0.05).ResultsIn all post and core systems, the CLPF approach had lower fracture resistance than CMR (p < 0.05); CLF showed higher fracture resistance than CLPF only in the PFP system (p = 0.038). In PEFRC and CP systems, the difference between CLF and CLPF was not significant (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in fracture resistance of different post and core systems with the same preparation approach (p > 0.05). CLPF showed the highest frequency of favorable, and CLF showed the highest frequency of unfavorable fractures.ConclusionCLPF yielded lower fracture resistance than CMR. The difference in fracture resistance was not significant between CLF and CMR but the frequency of unfavorable fractures was higher in CLF than in other groups.
Information on sodium reduction modifies how much sodium chloride level can be reduced without affecting the sensory acceptance of salty crackers
Authors: Sant’Anna Laudiane Justo , Araújo Cirila Ionara Almeida , Cornejo Lara Lima , Moreira Eduardo da Silva , Minim Valéria Paula Rodrigues , Della Lucia Suzana Maria , Lima Filho Tarcísio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe information present on packages of low‐sodium food can affect the different segment consumers' sensory and affective perceptions. The objective of the study was to investigate to which extent the package information on the reduction of sodium can reduce acceptance (compromised acceptance threshold—CAT) or cause rejection (hedonic rejection threshold—HRT) in different segments of salty crackers consumers. Consumers were segmented into little, medium, and great health concerns (GHC) using the Health Consciousness Scale, but only the two last groups were studied. Three trials were conducted: blind trial, with no information about the product; trial “Love your life!,” with package bringing information about sodium reduction, traffic light alerts and additional information “Love your life!”; and the trial “Great flavor,” with package similar to the previous trial, but with the additional information “Great flavor.” The hedonic thresholds were determined for each trial and for the medium and great health concern segments. Package information on the sodium reduction had no influence on CAT and HRT values for consumers expressing medium health concerns. However, the additional sentence “Great flavor” negatively influenced the CAT values of this segment. For consumers expressing GHC, the presence of the package allowed a more significant sodium chloride reduction without affecting the cracker sensory acceptance. For this segment, the package with the additional sentence “Great flavor” had the most significant favorable influence on the results. Therefore, for most of the population, food industries need not be afraid to report on the reduction of sodium on food labels.Practical applicationsHedonic threshold values are very useful for industries that intend to reduce the sodium CAT and without HRT of their products. In addition, the results of this study can help industries in the process of package development for low‐sodium products, allowing a more significant reduction of this ingredient without compromising the product's sensory acceptance or without resulting in rejection. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that there is adequate communication, regardless of whether the consumer segment has medium or GHC.
Resolving relationships despite past hybridization in Aliciella subsection Subnuda (Polemoniaceae)
Authors: Saunders Theresa C. , Porter J. Mark , Johnson Leigh A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhylogenetics is crucial in the study of evolutionary processes and events transpiring in the course of species diversification. Phylogenetic studies within kingdom Plantae often reveal hybridization and introgression. Here, we study a subsection rife with historic hybridization and discuss the impacts of such processes on evolutionary trajectories. Aliciella subsection Subnuda comprises seven species of herbaceous plants occurring in Utah, the Navajo Nation, and the Four Corners region of North America. Previous molecular and morphological work left relationships in the subsection unresolved. Here, we use comparative DNA sequencing of nuclear ITS and chloroplast DNA regions and genome‐wide RAD‐seq data to clarify phylogenetic relationships and examine the role of hybridization in the subsection. We construct haplotype and nucleotype networks from chloroplast and nuclear ITS sequence matrices and compare nuclear and chloroplast phylogenies to identify multiple putative chloroplast capture events. The RAD‐seq maximum likelihood phylogeny and multispecies coalescent species tree robustly resolve relationships between six species‐level clades. We use STRUCTURE and HyDe on the RAD‐seq data to evaluate the influence of hybridization within the subsection. The HyDe results suggest that hybridization has occurred among all species in the subsection at some point in their history. Cytonuclear discordance reveals historic chloroplast capture, and we discuss potential causes of the observed discordance. Our study robustly resolves relationships in Aliciella subsection Subnuda and provides a framework for discussing its speciation despite a history of hybridization and introgression.
Learning from corporate governance: First conceptualization of a liability for political decision‐making
Authors: Follert Florian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe institution of liability serves to mitigate the lack of care in almost all areas, whether private or business. However, we have not yet found such an institution in political decision‐making. Surprisingly, the literature has not discussed a specific institution that subjects political actors who fail to exercise due diligence in their decision‐making regarding personal liability. Hence, this paper aims to fill this gap and derive the necessity of internalizing the negative effects resulting from the imperfections of the market for political services in general and the democratic process, particularly by a liability rule. To design the new institution, we draw on the findings of corporate governance, combining economic thinking in incentives and legal knowledge expressed in the law of the corporation. In this respect, this paper is the first to make a concrete proposal for political liability accompanied by a political judgment rule. However, it is important to emphasize that the aim is not to punish a wrong decision but to provide strong incentives to prevent it ex ante. Political liability must be understood as a process‐oriented institution that considers uncertainty and decision‐making complexities. By proposing and analyzing this new institution, this work contributes to a broader discussion of incentive structures in the political process of modern democracies and shows how the political sphere can learn from the corporate world.
Method in Mimetic Theory: René Girard and Christian Theology
Authors: Scordino Anthony J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article elucidates the persistently nebulous methodological and disciplinary status of René Girard's mimetic theory, particularly vis‐à‐vis Christian theology. Whether “Girardian theology” strikes one as tautologous or oxymoronic, the proliferation of Girardian theological scholarship warrants a sustained analysis of Girard's methodological self‐understanding as it is both proclaimed and performed. Opening with a brief précis of mimetic theory's chief tenets and contributions to anthropology, I proceed to review Girard's corpus according to his preferred designation—social scientist—by adducing and coordinating his sporadic, evolving, and occasionally conflicting methodological manifestos and their textual enactment. After proffering several reasons for Girard's uneasy relationship with the broader social‐scientific community, I turn to theology to consider if there are any apt analogues to mimetic theory amongst Christian theology's many ancillae of ages past. While ultimately proposing four features demarcating mimetic theory as sui generis in this regard, I propose a heuristic characterization of its relationship to theology by utilizing the Aristotelian‐Thomistic category of “subalternate science.” Following this effort to situate mimetic theory more precisely between disciplines and in relation to theology, I offer a broader heuristic classification of mimetic theory intended to resolve or at least mitigate various tensions raised in the preceding analysis. To do so, I propose a suitably paradoxical twofold typology of Girardian mimetic theory as both a revealed scientific anthropology and a postmodern deconstructive Christian apologetic (or apologia for Christianity). Although preoccupation with methodological reflection can be practically debilitating, I hope to demonstrate its fittingness, relevance, and productivity in the inimitable case of René Girard.
Jesus Was a Refugee: Unpacking the Theological Implications
Authors: Aspray Barnabas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article is an in‐depth exploration of the divine purpose for Jesus’ refugeehood (recorded in Matthew 2) and its theological implications. Part One finds three reasons for Jesus’ displacement: (1) to recapitulate the displacement in Israel's story, (2) to recapitulate the exile of Adam and Eve, (3) to point forward to the Church's calling to be ‘aliens and strangers’ in the world. From this basis, Part Two draws two contemporary implications: (1) to transform refugees from ‘other’ to ‘same’ in the eyes of Christian citizens, (2) to reassess the notion of a ‘Christian nation’.
Supermarket top‐up of Healthy Start vouchers increases fruit and vegetable purchases in low‐income households
Authors: Thomas Madeleine , Moore J. Bernadette , Onuselogu Diogo Ann , Dalton Alexandra , Rains Tim , Lowry Emer , Sritharan Nilani , Morris Michelle A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractStark, widening health and income inequalities in the United Kingdom underpin the need for increased support for low‐income families to access affordable and nutritious foods. Using anonymised supermarket loyalty card transaction records, this study aimed to assess how an additional Healthy Start voucher (HSV) top‐up of £2, redeemable only against fruit and vegetables (FVs), was associated with FV purchases among at‐risk households. Transaction and redemption records from 150 loyalty card‐holding households, living in northern England, who had engaged with the top‐up scheme, were analysed to assess the potential overall population impact. Using a pre‐post study design, 133 of these households' records from 2021 were compared with equivalent time periods in 2019 and 2020. Records were linked to product, customer and store data, permitting comparisons using Wilcoxon matched‐pairs sign‐ranked tests and relationships assessed with Spearman's Rho. These analyses demonstrated that 0.9 more portions of FV per day per household were purchased during the scheme compared to the 2019 baseline (p = 0.0017). The percentage of FV weight within total baskets also increased by 1.6 percentage points (p = 0.0242), although the proportional spend on FV did not change. During the scheme period, FV purchased was higher by 0.4 percentage points (p = 0.0012) and 1.6 percentage points (p = 0.0062) according to spend and weight, respectively, in top‐up redeeming baskets compared to non‐top‐up redeeming baskets with at least one FV item and was associated with 5.5 more HSV ‘Suggested’ FV portions (p < 0.0001). The median weight of FV purchased increased from 41.83 kg in 2019 to 54.14 kg in 2021 (p = 0.0017). However, top‐up vouchers were only redeemed on 9.1% of occasions where FV were purchased. In summary, this study provides novel data showing that safeguarding funds exclusively for FV can help to increase access to FV in low‐income households. These results yield important insights to inform public policy aimed at levelling up health inequalities.
Implementing micronutrient fortification programs as a potential practical contribution to achieving sustainable diets
Authors: Fatemi Seyedeh Fatemeh , Irankhah Kiyavash , Kruger Johanita , Bruins Maaike J. , Sobhani Seyyed Reza 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDue to sustainability concerns related to current diets and environmental challenges, it is crucial to have sound policies to protect human and planetary health. It is proposed that sustainable diets will improve public health and food security and decrease the food system's effect on the environment. Micronutrient deficiencies are a well‐known major public health concern. One‐third to half of the world's population suffers from nutrient deficiencies, which have a negative impact on society in terms of unrealised potential and lost economic productivity. Large‐scale fortification with different micronutrients has been found to be a useful strategy to improve public health. As a cost‐effective strategy to improve micronutrient deficiency, this review explores the role of micronutrient fortification programmes in ensuring the nutritional quality (and affordability) of diets that are adjusted to help ensure environmental sustainability in the face of climate change, for example by replacing some animal‐sourced foods with nutrient‐dense, plant‐sourced foods fortified with the micronutrients commonly supplied by animal‐sourced foods. Additionally, micronutrient fortification considers food preferences based on the dimensions of a culturally sustainable diet. Thus, we conclude that investing in micronutrient fortification could play a significant role in preventing and controlling micronutrient deficiencies, improving diets and being environmentally, culturally and economically sustainable.
Understanding early experiences of Chinese frontline nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A text mining and thematic analysis of social media information
Authors: Luo Yunting , Feng Xianqiong , Wang Dandan , Zheng Mingyue , Reinhardt Jan D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aims to explore the early experiences of frontline nurses at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in China as expressed through social media posts. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed‐method design. Text mining was used for sentiment analysis. The chi‐square test was used to compare the differences in the composition ratio of sentiment classification of posts in different months. Word frequency was statistically analyzed. Further thematic analysis was also performed. The primary sentiments of the posts were discovered to be positive and neutral. The number of posts containing positive emotions was the lowest in January, peaked in March, and gradually declined in April 2020. The following nurse‐oriented narrative themes were developed: “To see and be seen,” “Moving forward amid adversity and support,” and “Returning to everyday life and constructing meaning.” The sentiments of Chinese nurses in response to the pandemic fluctuated, with positive emotions in the early stage, but it could not be sustained. This study recommends nurses could be encouraged to engage in expressive writing while adhering to ethical guidelines.
Accounting for trait variability and coordination in predictions of drought‐induced range shifts in woody plants
Authors: Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , García‐Valdés Raúl , Jump Alistair , Vilà‐Cabrera Albert , Mencuccini Maurizio 
Published: July 2023

SummaryFunctional traits offer a promising avenue to improve predictions of species range shifts under climate change, which will entail warmer and often drier conditions. Although the conceptual foundation linking traits with plant performance and range shifts appears solid, the predictive ability of individual traits remains generally low. In this review, we address this apparent paradox, emphasizing examples of woody plants and traits associated with drought responses at the species' rear edge. Low predictive ability reflects the fact not only that range dynamics tend to be complex and multifactorial, as well as uncertainty in the identification of relevant traits and limited data availability, but also that trait effects are scale‐ and context‐dependent. The latter results from the complex interactions among traits (e.g. compensatory effects) and between them and the environment (e.g. exposure), which ultimately determine persistence and colonization capacity. To confront this complexity, a more balanced coverage of the main functional dimensions involved (stress tolerance, resource use, regeneration and dispersal) is needed, and modelling approaches must be developed that explicitly account for: trait coordination in a hierarchical context; trait variability in space and time and its relationship with exposure; and the effect of biotic interactions in an ecological community context.