bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing dual heat pulse methods with Péclet’s number as universal switch to measure sap flow across a wide range
Authors: Ma Yuchen , Ren Ruiqi , Fu Han , Si Bingcheng , Kinar Nicholas J , Liu Gang , Steppe Kathy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Accurate determination of sap flow over a wide measurement range is important for assessing tree transpiration. However, this is difficult to achieve by using a single heat pulse method. Recent attempts have been made to combine multiple heat pulse methods and have successfully increased the sap flow measurement range. However, relative performance of different dual methods has not yet been addressed, and selection of the numerical threshold used to switch between methods has not been verified among different dual methods. This paper evaluates three different dual methods with respect to measurement range, precision and sources of uncertainty: (method 1) the heat ratio (HR) and compensation heat pulse method; (method 2) the HR and T-max method; and (method 3) the HR and double ratio method. Field experiments showed that methods 1, 2 with three needles and 3 compare well with the benchmark Sapflow+ method, having root mean square deviations of 4.7 cm h−1, 3.0 cm h−1 and 2.4 cm h−1, respectively. The three dual methods are equivalent in accuracy (P &gt; 0.05). Moreover, all dual methods can satisfactorily measure reverse, low and medium heat pulse velocities. However, for high velocities (&gt;100 cm h−1), the HR + T-max (method 2) performed better than the other methods. Another advantage is that this method has a three- instead of four-needle probe configuration, making it less error prone to probe misalignment and plant wounding. All dual methods in this study use the HR method for calculating low to medium flow and a different method for calculating high flow. The optimal threshold for switching from HR to another method is HR’s maximum flow, which can be accurately determined from the Péclet number. This study therefore provides guidance for an optimal selection of methods for quantification of sap flow over a wide measurement range.
Preventing transfusion-associated circulatory overload in acute care settings
Authors: Fadeyi Oluwatoyin A. , Keresztes Patricia , Saha Amit K. , Fadeyi Emmanuel A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is a potentially life-threatening complication that can occur with the transfusion of any blood component, and accounts for up to 24% of transfusion-associated patient fatalities. This article discusses how to develop evidence-based continuing education and guideline recommendations that will increase nursing staff awareness of TACO and guide nurses in prevention and prompt intervention.
Sintilimab-induced Alopecia Universalis in a Patient With the Anti-tumor Effect of Complete Remission After Hepatectomy
Authors: Wen Liang , Zhao Jianhui , Yang Yixiao , Chen Wen , Bao Yingying , Zhang Jian , Wei Tao , Zhou Lijuan , Xi Bin , Zhang Yun , Liang Tingbo 
Published: May 2023

Immune checkpoint blockades have been widely used to treat various malignancies. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor-induced alopecia areata, one of the immune-related adverse events, is rarely reported. We present a case of alopecia universalis during the treatment of Sintilimab, a monoclonal anti-PD-1 antibody, in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. A 65-year-old male was diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in liver segment VI (S6) and chose to receive Sintilimab due to predicted insufficient residual liver volume for hepatectomy. He presented extensive hair loss in all the parts of the body 4 weeks after Sintilimab treatment. And without using any dermatologic drug, the alopecia areata gradually developed to be alopecia universalis after Sintilimab continuous treatment for 21 months. The pathological examination of skin revealed remarkable increased lymphocytes infiltration around the hair follicles, which contained predominantly CD8 positive T cells in the dermis. During single immunotherapy, the tumor marker of serum alpha-fetoprotein level soon decreased from 512.1 mg/L to a normal level within 3 months, accompanied with a remarkable tumor regression in liver S6 by magnetic resonance imaging scans. The patient received hepatectomy and pathological examination demonstrated the nodule was full of extensive necrosis. By combining immunotherapy and hepatectomy, the patient finally achieved a remarkable anti-tumor effect of complete remission. Immune checkpoint blockades-induced alopecia areata is a rare immune-related adverse event and accompanied with a good anti-tumor efficacy in our case. Regardless of alopecia treatment, PD-1 inhibitor treatment is recommended to be continued, especially when the immunotherapy is effective.
A National Survey of Perspectives of Physician Assistants in Academic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: West Julie M. , Carraher Amanda , Jadallah Erin , Kearns Patrick , O’Brien Andrew L. , Huayllani Peralta Maria , Moore Amy M. , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Physician assistants (PAs) are an essential part of the healthcare team who improve access and efficiencies in patient care. A better understanding of the impact and current utilization of PAs in plastic and reconstructive surgery is needed. The purpose of this national survey was to evaluate the role and scope of practice of PAs in academic plastic surgery, as well as characterize current trends of PA utilization, compensation, and perceived value from a PA perspective.

Methods:
A voluntary, anonymous 50-question survey was distributed via SurveyMonkey to practicing PAs at 98 academic plastic surgery programs. The survey included questions about employment characteristics, involvement in clinical research and academic work, structural organization, academic benefits, compensation, and position held.

Results:
Ninety-one PAs from 35 plastic surgery programs completed the survey and were included (overall program response rate = 36.8%, participants response rate = 30.4%). Practice environments included outpatient clinics, the operating room, and inpatient care. Most commonly, respondents supported multiple surgeons as opposed to one surgeon’s practice. For 57% of respondents, compensation is based on a tiered system that accounts for specialty and experience. The reported mode base salary range corroborates national averages and most reported annual bonuses based on merit. The majority of respondents felt valued in their role.

Conclusions:
Through this national survey, we provide granularity as to how PAs are utilized and compensated in academic plastic surgery. We offer insight into the overall perceived value from a PA perspective that helps define the role and will ultimately help strengthen collaboration.
Lower Lip Reconstruction Using a Sensory Anterolateral Thigh Flap as the First Choice
Authors: Tsuge Itaru , Yamanaka Hiroki , Katsube Motoki , Sowa Yoshihiro , Sakamoto Michiharu , Morimoto Naoki 
Published: May 2023

Summary:
Local flaps from the upper lip and cheeks have been the first choice for two-thirds to total resection of the lower lip. However, these local flap techniques involve many clinical problems, including small a mouth, drooling, scarring, and hypesthesia. The improvement of free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap transfer can solve these problems with expansion of the application of free flaps for lower lip reconstruction. The patient in this case was a 56-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip (cT3N1M0). Subtotal lower lip resection preserving both corners of the mouth with bilateral neck dissection was performed. Simultaneously, a sensory ALT flap was elevated with an 8 × 6 cm skin island and a lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. The lateral and medial sides of the fascia lata were processed into 1-cm-wide strings, which were tunneled through the orbicularis oris muscle of the upper lip and sutured to the orbicularis oris muscle at the mucosal side of the philtrum. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and right mental nerve were sutured. At 3 months, a second surgery was performed to replace the ALT flap on the white labial side with a clavicle full-thickness skin graft. This surgery achieved four important factors: opening and closing of the mouth, sensory function of the lower lip, cosmetic appearance, and minimization of donor-site damage. We believe the worldwide improvement of microsurgery techniques enables lower lip reconstruction using the sensory ALT flap to be selected as the first choice for two-thirds to total lower lip defects.
Reduction of Very Rapid Emergency Transfers to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kuehn Stacy E. , Melvin Jennifer E. , Creech Pamela S. , Fitch Jill , Noritz Garey , Perry Michael F. , Stewart Claire , Bode Ryan S. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Emergency transfers are associated with increased inpatient pediatric mortality. Therefore, interventions to improve system-level situational awareness were utilized to decrease a subset of emergency transfers that occurred within four hours of admission to an inpatient medical-surgical unit called very rapid emergency transfers (VRET). Specifically, we aimed to increase the days between VRET from non-ICU inpatient units from every 10 days to every 25 days over 1 year.

Methods:
Using the Model for Improvement, we developed an interdisciplinary team to reduce VRET. The key drivers targeted were the admission process from the emergency department and ambulatory clinics, sepsis recognition and communication, and expansion of our situational awareness framework. Days between VRET defined the primary outcome metric for this improvement project.

Results:
After six months of interventions, our baseline improved from a VRET every 10 days to every 79 days, followed by another shift to 177 days, which we sustained for 3 years peaking at 468 days between events.

Conclusion:
Interventions targeting multiple admission sources to improve early recognition and communication of potential clinical deterioration effectively reduced and nearly eliminated VRET at our organization.
Area-based socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality in Germany – widening, narrowing or reversing inequalities between 2003 and 2019?
Authors: Tetzlaff Fabian , Nowossadeck Enno , Jansen Lina , Michalski Niels , Barnes Ben , Kraywinkel Klaus , Hoebel Jens 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCancer mortality has declined in recent decades, but — due to a lack of national individual-level data — it remains unclear whether this applies equally to all socioeconomic groups in Germany. Using an area-based approach, this study investigated socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality and their secular trends on a German nationwide scale for the first time. Official cause-of-death data from 2003– 2019 were linked to the district-level German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD). Age-standardised mortality rates for all cancers combined and the most common site-specific cancers were calculated according to the level of regional socioeconomic deprivation. To quantify the extent of area-based socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality, absolute (SII) and relative (RII) indices of inequality were estimated using multilevel Poisson models. On average, cancer mortality was 50% (women) and 80% (men) higher in Germany’s most deprived than least deprived districts (absolute difference: 84 deaths per 100,000 in women and 185 deaths per 100,000 in men). As declines in cancer mortality were larger in less deprived districts, the socioeconomic gap in cancer mortality widened over time. This trend was observed for various common cancers. Exceptions were cancers of the lung in women and of the pancreas in both sexes, for which mortality rates increased over time, especially in highly deprived districts. Our study provides first evidence on increasing socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality on a nationwide scale for Germany. Area-based linkage allows to examine socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality across Germany and identify regions with high needs for cancer prevention and control.
The origin, evolution and molecular diversity of the chemokine system
Authors: Aleotti Alessandra , Goulty Matthew , Lewis Clifton , Giorgini Flaviano , Feuda Roberto 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTChemokine signalling performs key functions in cell migration via chemoattraction, such as attracting leukocytes to the site of infection during host defence. The system consists of a ligand, the chemokine, usually secreted outside the cell, and a chemokine receptor on the surface of a target cell that recognises the ligand. Several non-canonical components interact with the system. These include a variety of molecules that usually share some degree of sequence similarity with canonical components and, in some cases, are known to bind to canonical components and/or to modulate cell migration (1, 2). While canonical components have been described in vertebrate lineages, the distribution of the non-canonical components is less clear. Uncertainty over the relationships between canonical and non-canonical components hampers our understanding of the evolution of the system. We used phylogenetic methods, including gene-tree to species-tree reconciliation, to untangle the relationships between canonical and non-canonical components, identify gene duplication events and clarify the origin of the system. We found that unrelated ligand groups independently evolved chemokine-like functions. We found non-canonical ligands outside vertebrates, such as TAFA “chemokines” found in urochordates. In contrast, all receptor groups are vertebrate-specific and all - except ACKR1 - originated from a common ancestor in early vertebrates. Both ligand and receptor copy numbers expanded through gene duplication events at the base of jawed vertebrates, with subsequent waves of innovation occurring in bony fish and mammals.
Early life PM2.5exposure, childhood cognitive ability and mortality between age 11 and 86: A record-linkage life-course study from Scotland
Authors: Baranyi Gergő , Williamson Lee , Feng Zhiqiang , Tomlinson Sam , Vieno Massimo , Dibben Chris 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundLiving in areas with high air pollution concentrations is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Exposure in sensitive developmental periods might be long-lasting but studies with very long follow-up are rare, and mediating pathways between early life exposure and life-course mortality are not fully understood.MethodsData were drawn from the Scottish Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort of 1936, a representative record-linkage study comprising 5% of the Scottish population born in 1936. Participants had valid age 11 cognitive ability test scores along with linked mortality data until age 86. Fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations estimated with the EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport model were linked to participants’ residential address from the National Identity Register in 1939 (age 3). Confounder-adjusted Cox regression estimated associations between PM2.5and mortality; regression-based causal mediation analysis explored mediation through childhood cognitive ability.ResultsThe final sample consisted of 2734 individuals with 1608 deaths registered during the 1,833,517 person-months at risk follow-up time. Higher early life PM2.5exposure increased the risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04 per 10μg m-3increment), associations were stronger for mortality between age 65 and 86. PM2.5increased the risk of cancer-related mortality (HR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.08), especially for lung cancer among females (HR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.21), but not for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Higher PM2.5in early life (≥50μg m-3) was associated with lower childhood cognitive ability, which, in turn, increased the risk of all-cause mortality and mediated 25% of the total associations.ConclusionsIn our life-course study with 75-year of continuous mortality records, we found that exposure to air pollution in early life was associated with higher mortality in late adulthood, and that childhood cognitive ability partly mediated this relationship. Findings suggest that past air pollution concentrations will likely impact health and longevity for decades to come.HIGHLIGHTSWe explored PM2.5at age 3 and mortality between age 11 and 86 in a Scottish cohortPM2.5increased the risk of all-cause mortality, especially between the age of 65 and 86Childhood cognitive ability mediated 25% of the total associationAssociations were prominent for (lung) cancer mortality, especially among femalesAir pollution in early life may affect health and longevity across the life course
Livestock heat stress risk in response to the extreme heat event (heatwave) of July 2022 in the UK
Authors: Cooke A. S. , Rivero M. J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOn the 18thand 19thof July 2022, the UK experienced a record-breaking extreme heat event. For the first time, temperatures exceeding 40°C were recorded. Whilst this may seem exceptional or unprecedented, the progression of climate change is expected to increase both the likelihood and severity of such events. Livestock are vulnerable to heat stress, which manifests as losses to health and welfare, productivity, and sustainability. Here, we characterize the heatwave of July 2022 in the context of livestock heat-stress risk, with a focus on cattle. Meteorological data was obtained from 85 weather stations and the Comprehensive Climate Index (CCI) was calculated, hourly, for each station. The CCI was mapped across the UK for 18/07/22 and 19/07/22 and compared against heat stress risk thresholds. Across both days, >25% of sites experienced “severe” heat stress risk. On 19/07/22 there was an “extreme” risk across >5% of sites. The site that experienced the highest risk was near Rugby, in the West Midlands. Across all sites, night-time temperatures fell below risk thresholds and may have mitigated some of the heat stress risk. Whilst there was some evidence of productivity losses, this was not conclusive. The impacts of this event on livestock were not just direct, but indirect through negative impacts on water and forage availability. The heatwave of July 2022 must serve as a warning for the UK livestock industry and these results may act as a case study of what the sector may be increasingly likely to experience in the future.
A chromatinized origin reduces the mobility of ORC and MCM through interactions and spatial constraint
Authors: Sánchez Humberto , Liu Zhaowei , van Veen Edo , van Laar Theo , Diffley John F. X. , Dekker Nynke H. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTChromatin replication involves the assembly and activity of the replisome within the nucleosomal landscape. At the core of the replisome is the Mcm2-7 complex (MCM), which is loaded onto DNA after binding to the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC). In yeast, ORC is a dynamic protein that diffuses rapidly along DNA, unless halted by origin recognition sequences. However, less is known about the dynamics of ORC proteins in the presence of nucleosomes and attendant consequences for MCM loading. To address this, we harnessed anin vitrosingle-molecule approach to interrogate a chromatinized origin of replication. We find that ORC binds the origin of replication with similar efficiency independently of whether the origin is chromatinized, despite ORC mobility being reduced by the presence of nucleosomes. Recruitment of MCM also proceeds efficiently on a chromatinized origin, but subsequent movement of MCM away from the origin is severely constrained. These findings suggest that chromatinized origins in yeast are essential for the local retention of MCM, which may facilitate subsequent assembly of the replisome.
An interwoven network of transcription factors, with divergent influences from FoxP3, underlies Treg diversity
Authors: Chowdhary Kaitavjeet , Léon Juliette , Ramanan Deepshika , Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTFoxP3+CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), essential for immunologic and organismal homeostasis, have diverse functions and corresponding gene expression programs. How the many controlling transcription factors (TFs) organize to determine Treg identity and diversity remains unclear. We combined single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling, machine learning, and high-density natural genetic variation, validated with TF knockout, CRISPR-editing, and binding data, to define the Treg regulatory network. Distal enhancers proved driven by imbricated multi-TF inputs, employing strategies different from promoter regions. Topic modelling resolved a framework of chromatin programs shaped by distinct TF motifs. This framework anchored surprisingly heterogenous responses to IL2. It identified an unrecognized role for the Smarcc1 remodeler. FoxP3 impacted only some segments of this framework, either activating or repressing programs, amplifying a core Treg identity defined independently. Its absence in Treg-like cells unleashed cytokine expression, but not Th de-differentiation. This work provides a unifying scaffold to understand and manipulate Treg states.
Three-dimensional Shear Wave Elastography Using Acoustic Radiation Force and A 2-D Row-Column Addressing (RCA) Array
Authors: Dong Zhijie , Lok U-Wai , Lowerison Matthew R. , Huang Chengwu , Chen Shigao , Song Pengfei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcoustic radiation force (ARF)-based shear wave elastography (SWE) is a clinically available ultrasound imaging mode that noninvasively and quantitatively measures tissue stiffness. Current implementations of ARF-SWE are largely limited to 2-D imaging, which does not provide robust estimation of heterogeneous tissue mechanical properties. Existing 3-D ARF-SWE solutions that are clinically available are based on wobbler probes, which cannot provide true 3-D shear wave motion detection. Although 3-D ARF-SWE based on 2-D matrix arrays have been previously demonstrated, they do not provide a practical solution because of the need for a high channel-count ultrasound system (e.g., 1024-channel) to provide adequate volume rates and the delicate circuitries (e.g., multiplexers) that are vulnerable to the long-duration “push” pulses. To address these issues, here we propose a new 3-D ARF-SWE method based on the 2-D row-column addressing (RCA) array which has a much lower element count (e.g., 256), provides an ultrafast imaging volume rate (e.g., 2000 Hz), and can withstand the push pulses. In this study, we combined the comb-push shear elastography (CUSE) technique with 2-D RCA for enhanced SWE imaging field-of-view.In vitrophantom studies demonstrated that the proposed method had robust 3-D SWE performance in both homogenous and inclusion phantoms. Anin vivostudy on a breast cancer patient showed that the proposed method could reconstruct 3-D elasticity maps of the breast lesion, which was validated using a commercial ultrasound scanner. These results demonstrate strong potential for the proposed method to provide a viable and practical solution for clinical 3-D ARF-SWE.