bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired aldehyde detoxification exacerbates motor deficits in an alpha‐synuclein mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Martinez Paul Anthony , Martinez Vanessa Elia , Rani Sheela , Murrell Meredith , Javors Martin , Gelfond Jonathan , Doorn Jonathan Alan , Fernandez Elizabeth , Strong Randy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe discovery of biogenic aldehydes in the postmortem parkinsonian brain and the ability of these aldehydes to modify and cross‐link proteins has called attention to their possible role in Parkinson's disease. For example, many in vitro studies have found that the aldehyde metabolite of dopamine, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), induces the formation of stable, neurotoxic alpha‐synuclein oligomers.MethodsTo study this in vivo, mice deficient in the two aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (Aldh1a1 and Aldh2, DKO) primarily responsible for detoxification of DOPAL in the nigrostriatal pathway were crossed with mice that overexpress human wild‐type alpha‐synuclein. DKO overexpressing human wild‐type alpha‐synuclein (DKO/ASO) offspring were evaluated for impairment on motor tasks associated with Parkinsonism.ResultsDKO/ASO mice developed severe motor deficits greater than that of mice overexpressing human wild‐type alpha‐synuclein alone.ConclusionThese results provide evidence to support the idea that biogenic aldehydes such as DOPAL interact with human wild‐type alpha‐synuclein, directly or indirectly, in vivo to exacerbate locomotor deficits in Parkinson's disease.
The influence of greenwashing practices on brand attitude: A multidimensional consumer analysis in Germany
Authors: Bladt Daniel , van Capelleveen Guido , Yazan Devrim Murat 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs a consequence of increasingly sustainability‐oriented markets, greenwashing (GW) has become a global marketing problem throughout recent years. Previous studies do not differentiate between varying forms of GW when analyzing their effects on consumers' brand attitude but rather use GW as a one‐dimensional condition that either exists or does not exist. This paper explores how different greenwashing practices (GWPs) influence consumers' brand attitudes. We introduce a two‐dimensional typology of GWPs that differentiates between claim‐type (false, vague, or hidden information) and macro‐level of initiation (product and firm level), resulting in six distinct categories of GWPs. We then introduce 315 German participants to the six different GW scenarios in a survey and measure their respective brand attitudes. Our findings reveal that respondents react significantly differently to most GWPs, which implies that if we want to understand the problem of GW from the eyes of consumers, we need to differentiate between various forms of GW.
Topographic and morphometric anatomy of the proximal part of the dorsal scapular nerve
Authors: Çelikgün Beyza , Gayretli Özcan , Gürses İlke Ali , Coşkun Osman , Öztürk Adnan , Kale Ayşin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) entrapment neuropathy has recently been recognized as a common cause of circumscapular pain and cases of winged scapula. Course of the nerve is important because the middle scalene muscle is frequently accessed for surgical treatments. Studies in the literature have not focused on the morphometric relationship of the DSN with the scalene muscles and its relationship with the long thoracic nerve (LTN). The neck regions of 13 adult cadavers were dissected bilaterally. The relationship of DSN with scalene muscles and LTN was evaluated. Cervical spinal nerves involved in the formation of the DSN were identified. Three types of DSN were observed based on the cervical spinal nerves from which it originates, five types of DSN from its relationship with the scalene muscles, and two types of DSN from its relationship with the LTN. The distance from where the nerve pierces the scalene muscle to the mastoid process was found to be greater in DSNs originating from C4 and C5 (93.85 ± 4.11 mm, p = 0.033). In DSNs not connected with LTN, the distance from where the nerve pierces the scalene muscle to the superior trunk/C5 (12.74 ± 7.73 mm, p = 0.008) and the length of the nerve within the scalene muscle (14.94 ± 5.5 mm, p = 0.029) were found to be statistically significantly greater. The topographic and morphometric anatomy of the proximal part of the DSN is important, especially for scalene muscles‐focused surgical treatments and interscalene nerve blocks. We believe our results may guide clinical approaches and surgery.
Rare nonsyndromic recurrent solitary gingival neurofibroma in an older adult
Authors: Brooks John K. , Ogubunka Akudo A. , Price Jeffery B. , Abu Alhuda Sami , Zhou Cindy Q. , Sultan Ahmed S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors usually featured with neurofibromatosis type 1 syndrome. Recurrent gingival neurofibromas have been rarely reported in the periodontal literature, particularly affecting elderly patients.Methods and ResultsA 70‐year‐old man with a pale, rubbery, and painless thickening along the facial/buccal gingiva of the mandibular right canine and first premolar. Ten years prior, the patient had undergone excision of a neurofibroma within the same region. The patient denied a history of cutaneous disease or neurofibromatosis. Histopathologic and immunostaining of the excised lesion confirmed the diagnosis as a recurrent gingival neurofibroma.ConclusionsWith cases of suspected recurrent neurofibroma, attending practitioners should consult with an oral pathologist whether the primary lesion had exhibited tumor cells to the surgical specimen margin. Preoperative use of a cone beam computed tomography scan may enhance determination of tumor depth. Clinicians should also carefully weigh the decision for conservative excision of gingival neurofibromas and greater risk of recurrence versus performing a somewhat wider extirpation and possible formation of a mucogingival defect.Key pointsWhat are important clinical considerations when performing a gingival biopsy?

Gingival neurofibromas may be associated with an increased risk for recurrence owing to decisions for tissue‐sparing excision and prevention of a mucogingival defect; supplemental use of cone beam computed tomographic scans may provide greater appreciation of tumor depth.
What is a reasonable length of time of postoperative assessment for gingival neurofibromas?

Patients who have undergone surgical removal of a gingival neurofibroma should undergo yearly surveillance for at least 10 years.
What is a key limitation to this case study?

Preoperatively, attending clinicians should consult with an oral pathologist to ascertain whether a primary lesion had manifested tumor cells to the surgical margin. Conservative gingival resection of a neurofibroma may promote recurrence.
Mechanistic Elucidation of a Radical‐Promoted Hydrogenation Relevant to Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis
Authors: Bains Amreen K. , Kundu Abhishek , Adhikari Debashis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn the borrowing hydrogen catalysis, hydrogenation of an in situ generated imine or olefinic bond is a crucial step. There is a growing body of literature in olefinic hydrogenation promoted by metal hydride of Earth‐abundant metals, where radical mechanism is followed. This report presents a thorough study of the mechanistic details of a nickel catalyzed α‐alkylation of ketones with secondary alcohols and showcases that the olefinic hydrogenation of an enone happens, completely bypassing the involvement of a metal hydride. This pathway is radical promoted, where a single electron reduction of the substrate olefin and a subsequent hydrogen atom transfer step are most critical. A series of control reactions, detection of critical reaction intermediates, and radical probe experiments provide compelling proofs for such radical‐promoted olefinic hydrogenation. The experimental clues, further aided by DFT calculations altogether suggest the precise one‐electron chemistry where the involvement of metal‐hydride is not required. Notably, the redox non‐innocence of the azophenolate backbone, as well as imposed noninnocence of the substrate olefin, when bound to the catalyst molecule makes such mechanism feasible.
Hydrogenation of CO2 to Formate with a Highly Active Solid Ruthenium Phosphine
Authors: Zhu Boyu , Hu Jinling , Wu Youting , Geng Jiao , Hu Xingbang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThere is widespread interest in the hydrogenation of CO2 to produce high‐energy substances such as formic acid. Herein, ruthenium trichloride was immobilized on porous phosphine polymers (Ru/KAPs‐Ph‐PPh3) and gave excellent catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of CO2 to produce formate. With the assistance of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU), a high turnover number (TON) of up to 1470000 was obtained in 12 hours at 120 °C and a total pressure of 6 MPa (P(H2)/P(CO2)=1 : 1), with average TOFs of 122500 h−1. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration with acceptable catalytic effectiveness.
Induction and Stabilization of Columnar Mesophases in Fluorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Arene‐Perfluoroarene Interactions
Authors: Zhou Ming‐Mei , He Jiao , Pan Hui‐Min , Zeng Qing , Lin Hang , Zhao Ke‐Qing , Hu Ping , Wang Bi‐Qin , Donnio Bertrand 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe straightforward synthesis of several Fluorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by the efficient, transition‐metal‐free, arene fluorine nucleophilic substitution reaction is described, and the full investigation of their liquid crystalline and optical properties reported. The key precursors for this study, i. e. 2,2’‐dilithio‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetraalkoxy‐1,1’‐biphenyl derivatives, were obtained in two steps from the highly selective Scholl oxidative homo‐coupling of 3,4‐dialkoxy‐1‐bromobenzene, followed by quantitative double‐lithiation. In situ room temperature nucleophilic annulation with either perfluorobenzene or perfluoronaphthalene leads to 1,2,3,4‐tetrafluoro‐6,7,10,11‐tetraalkxoytriphenylenes and 9,10,11,12,13,14‐hexafluoro‐2,3,6,7‐tetraalkoxybenzo[f]tetraphenes, respectively, in good yields. Exploiting the same strategy, subsequent double annulations resulted in the formation of 9,18‐difluoro‐2,3,6,7,11,12,15,16‐octa(alkoxy)tribenzo[f,k,m]tetraphenes and 9,10,19,20‐tetrafluoro‐2,3,6,7,12,13,16,17‐octakis(hexyloxy)tetrabenzo[a,c,j,l]tetracenes, respectively. Despite the presence of only four alkoxy chains, the polar “Janus” mesogens display a columnar hexagonal mesophase over broad temperature ranges, with higher mesophase stability than the archetypical 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexa(alkoxy)triphenylenes and their hydrogenated counterparts. The improvement or induction of mesomorphism is attributed to efficient antiparallel face‐to‐face π‐stacking driven by the establishment of non‐covalent perfluoroarene‐arene intermolecular interactions. The larger lipophilic discotic π‐extended compounds also exhibit columnar mesomorphism, over similar temperature ranges and stability than their hydrogenated homologs. Finally, these fluorinated molecules form stringy gels in various solvents, and show interesting solvatochromic emission properties in solution as well as strong emission in thin films and gels.
Design, Synthesis and Application of a Robust d3‐Methylthiolating Reagent†
Authors: Zhang Yanyang , Ren Yishuo , Zhang Jian , Liu Shaoli , Li Yahui 
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive SummaryA deuterated methylthiolating reagent with a broad spectrum, designated as DMTP, has been ingeniously formulated. This new reagent can be produced with high efficiency through the simple combination of commercially available methyl 3‐thiopropanoate and CD3I. This novel SCD3 reagent exhibits excellent reactivity with electrophiles such as alkyl iodides, benzyl chlorides, aryl halides (I, Br) and aryl triflates, resulting in high levels of deuterium content (99% D). Representative deuterated methylthiolated biomolecules, such as Sulfoxaflor, have been synthesized for use in pharmaceutical discovery and development.
Efficacy of probiotics in pediatric atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xue Xiali , Yang Xinwei , Shi Xiubo , Deng Zhongyi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevailing skin disease in childhood. Several studies have appraised probiotics as a strategy for treating AD. We aimed to assess the validity of probiotics in the treatment of AD in children.MethodsWe systematically searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the effect of probiotic treatment on SCORAD value in pediatric patients with AD compared with a placebo group between 1 January 2010 and 1 January 2023. The risk of bias and the certainty of evidence were assessed using Cochrane ROB 2.0.ResultsA total of 10 outcomes from 9 RCTs involving 1000 patients were included. Three of these outcomes were analyzed as dichotomous variables in 373 patients. The other seven were analyzed for continuous variables in 627 patients. A meta‐analysis of the random‐effect model of the dichotomous variables demonstrated no significant difference between the probiotic and control groups [OR = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.70, 4.35),p = 0.23,I2 = 68%]. A meta‐analysis of the random‐effect model of continuous variables demonstrated significant differences between the probiotic and control groups [MD = −4.24, 95% CI (−7.78, −0.71),p = 0.002,I2 = 71%]. Subgroup analysis of continuous variables showed that the effects of children's age, treatment duration and probiotic species on the SCORAD value were not statistically significant.ConclusionEvidence on the improvement effect of probiotics on pediatric patients with AD is limited. This study showed that single‐strain probiotic treatment exerts a positive effect on AD. Restricted to the quantity and quality of incorporated studies, these conclusions have yet to be validated by high‐quality studies.
Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Modified Heat Exchanger Block on Thermal Stress and Dislocation Density of DS‐Grown mc‐Si Ingot
Authors: Sekar Sugunraj , Thamodharan Keerthivasan , Manikkam Srinivasan , Nallusamy N. , Perumalsamy Ramasamy 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present work is based on the numerical investigation of thermal stress and the dislocation density of the directional solidification (DS) grown multi‐crystalline silicon (mc‐Si) ingot. The heat exchanger block (HEB) plays the main role in the growth process, which decides the thermal stress and melt‐crystal interface of the mc‐Si ingot. The conventional furnace is modified to increase the quality of the mc‐Si ingot. The modification on the conventional furnace is done in the insulation block replaced by 1/3rd of the HEB. The HEB enhances the huge amount of heat extraction from the bottom of the crucible. The von Mises stress, dislocation density, and thermal gradient are analyzed. The thermal stress is reduced by the low thermal gradient influenced by the modified HEB. The modified HEB reduces the von Mises stress and dislocation density. The modified furnace system overcomes the conventional case ingot. The result shows that the modified furnace grown mc‐Si ingot improves the efficiency of the solar cell.
Molybdenum Phosphide Quantum Dots Encapsulated by P/N‐Doped Carbon for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acid and Alkaline Electrolytes
Authors: Chen Yongchao , Jiang Tianshu , Tian Chuanmu , Zhan Ying , Adabifiroozjaei Esmaeil , Kempf Alexander , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Hofmann Jan P. , Riedel Ralf , Yu Zhaoju 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA facile and eco‐friendly strategy is presented for synthesizing novel nanocomposites, with MoP quantum dots (QDs) as cores and graphitic carbon as shells, these nanoparticles are dispersed in a nitrogen and phosphorus‐doped porous carbon and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) substrates (MoP@NPC/CNT). The synthesis involves self‐assembling reactions to form single‐source precursors (SSPs), followed by pyrolysis at 900 °C in an inert atmosphere to obtain MoP@NPC/CNT‐900. The presence of carbon layers on the MoP QDs effectively prevents particle aggregation, enhancing the utilization of active MoP species. The optimized sample, MoP@NPC/CNT‐900, exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity and durability for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It demonstrates a low overpotential of 155 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a small Tafel slope of 76 mV dec−1, and sustained performance over 20 hours in 0.5 M H2SO4. Furthermore, the catalyst shows excellent activity in 1 M KOH, with a relatively low overpotential of 131 mV and long‐term durability under constant current input. The exceptional HER activity can be attributed to several factors: the superior performance of MoP QDs, the large surface area and good conductivity of the carbon substrates, and the synergistic effect between MoP and carbon species.
Profiling of circulating serum exosomal microRNAs in elderly patients with infectious stress hyperglycaemia
Authors: Zeng Kejing , He Haozhe , Lv Zhenjing , Lei Ming , Wu Weikun , Sun Hao , Wong Gordon GaaLam , Kwok YatSze Sheila , Tian Junzhang , Xu Gugen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis of hospitalized elderly patients with infectious stress hyperglycaemia (ISH) is clinically important, especially under the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, as without timely prevention and effective treatment, it is likely to deteriorate into septic shock, thus worsening patient survival and complications. Moreover, cumulative studies have showed that patients with COVID‐19 are reported to have a greater prevalence of hyperglycaemia. However, the underlying mechanism remained unknown.Aim and methodSystematic screening of specific biomarkers of serum exosome‐derived microRNAs (sE‐miRNAs) from ISH patient has not yet been reported. In this study, sE‐miRNAs were derived from 10 elderly patients with ISH and 5 control patients with disease‐match without hyperglycaemia (non‐ISH). RNA sequencing identified that a total number of 49 sE‐miRNAs with differential expression between ISH and control group. Of which, top 22 miRNAs ranked by sensitivity × specificity were chosen for further research. Moreover, 7 out of 22 miRNAs that related to glucose metabolism or immune disorder were picked up for further validation in an independent cohort consisting of 52 participants (31 ISH and 21 non‐ISH).ResultA validation analysis revealed that three miRNAs (hsa‐miR‐21‐5p, hsa‐miR‐335‐5p and hsa‐miR‐28‐3p) were statistically up‐regulated in exosomes from ISH patients. In the validation cohort and discovery cohort, the AUC of three individual miRNAs ranged from 0.73 to 0.88. A logistic model combining three miRNAs achieved an AUC of 0.96. Besides, sE‐miRNAs‐based signatures effectively characterized patients' poor clinical outcome. Survival curve analysis showed that hsa‐miR‐335‐5p, hsa‐miR‐28‐3p but not hsa‐miR‐21‐5p, were significantly closely related to mortality, and the combination of these three miRNAs could also predict patients outcome (p < .05).ConclusionThis study depicted the circulating exosomal miRNAs change in ISH patient, which could be used as a promising biomarker to detect ISH at an early stage and predict patients clinical outcome.
Cytological spectrum of testicular malignancies with histopathological correlation: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Kerkar Aadya , Kundu Reetu , Kaur Amarjot , Rohilla Manish , Gupta Parikshaa , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Kakkar Nandita , Dey Pranab 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTesticular malignancy is the most common solid organ cancer occurring in young men. The most common testicular malignancy is germ cell tumor. Extragonadal malignancies such as lymphomas are rare. Testicular fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in cancer is a bit controversial amidst fear of tumor seeding along the needle tract. Nevertheless, its largely safe, cost‐effective technique providing a quick and fairly reliable diagnosis.MethodsA retrospective analysis of testicular malignancies on FNAC over a period of 9 years with cyto‐histological correlation wherever possible was carried out. FNAC slides and cell blocks with immunocytochemistry wherever done were retrieved.ResultsA total of 74 cases were obtained. The age ranged from 1 year to 65 years. Infiltration by leukemia was the most common malignancy detected in pediatric population, while germ cell tumors were common amongst young adults and middle‐aged men. In elderly, metastatic carcinoma, infiltration by lymphoma were identified. On FNAC, 38 cases were of leukemic infiltration, 27 of germ cell tumors (subtyped as mixed germ cell tumors‐15 cases, seminoma‐11 cases, and yolk sac tumor‐1 case) with two cases each of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, Leydig cell tumor, metastatic adenocarcinoma, and one case each of metastatic small cell carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and malignant neoplasm. Histological correlation was available in 15/74 cases. Only 3 cases were discordant. Seeding of tumor along the needle tract was not seen.ConclusionThe current study deciphers the cytological spectrum of testicular malignancies on FNAC and highlights its importance as a reliable modality for a prompt diagnosis of testicular tumors guiding patient management.
Environmental DNA reveals spatial patterns of fish and plankton diversity at a floating offshore wind farm
Authors: Hestetun Jon Thomassen , Ray Jessica Louise , Murvoll Kari Mette , Kjølhamar Ane , Dahlgren Thomas G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we collected water eDNA from sampling stations at the first full scale floating offshore wind farm (OWF), the Hywind Pilot Park, east of Peterhead, UK, and a nearby reference area. We combined targeted droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) quantification of two commercially important species, Atlantic mackerel (Scombrus scombrus) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), with metabarcoding of fish and plankton communities. The goal of this study was to assess the performance of eDNA data to characterize pelagic communities and its use for environmental monitoring. The metabarcoding recovered 26 fish species including both pelagic and demersal taxa. The plankton data were dominated by dinoflagellates (Karenia) and calanoid copepods. We found that both specific quantification of eDNA from mackerel and herring and eDNA metabarcoding of fish communities were able to reveal spatial patterns: Mackerel was most abundant in the surface across both OWF and reference sites; herring was present at a wider depth range. While ddPCR and metabarcoding data for these two species were broadly congruent, we observed detection/non‐detection mismatches for both methods, highlighting the need for robust sampling design. There was no consistent OWF versus reference area pattern in the demersal fraction of fish assemblages. We interpret our findings as representing a snapshot of fish school location around the time of sampling, and do not consider the single timepoint data from this pilot study to be sufficient to attribute any effects to the OWF itself. As a non‐invasive tool, we conclude that eDNA has a high potential in future environmental monitoring of OWFs. We recommend further ground‐truthing and biomass correlation of eDNA data with catch data and establishing eDNA time series as next steps towards implementation of eDNA in OWF environmental monitoring.