bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface finishing and change in residual stress of AMed titanium alloy by combination of grit blasting and large-area EB irradiation
Authors: Shinonaga Togo , Kobayashi Hiroya , Okada Akira , Tsuji Toshiya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Additively manufactured (AMed) titanium products are typically produced by electron beam melting (EBM), since oxidation of titanium alloy surface can be suppressed in vacuum ambience. The surface roughness of AMed titanium products becomes more than 200µmRz, and the very rough surface would lead to reduction in surface strength. Therefore, a post surface finishing process is required. Abrasive blasting is one of the common surface smoothing processes of AMed metal products. Large surface roughness can be decreased, and compressive residual stress can be introduced to the surface. However, there is a limitation to reduction of surface roughness to several µmRz. On the other hand, it was recently found that AMed metal surface produced by powder bed fusion with laser beam could be smoothed by large-area electron beam (LEB) irradiation. However, it is difficult to smooth surface with large initial surface roughness, and a tensile residual stress may be generated on the surface. In this study, surface finishing and change in residual stress of AMed titanium alloy were proposed by combination of grit blasting and LEB irradiation. Surface roughness of AMed titanium alloy significantly decreases from 265µmRz to about 2.0µmRz by combination of grit blasting and LEB irradiation. Reduction rate of surface roughness by LEB irradiation linearly increases with decreasing mean width of blasted surface. Influence of the mean width on smoothing effect by LEB irradiation can be explained by thermo-fluid analysis. Moreover, tensile residual stress caused by LEB irradiation can be reduced when LEB is irradiated to blasted surface.
Two peptides derivate from Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein K as vaccine candidates: A comprehensive in silico study
Authors: Heidarinia Hana , Tajbakhsh Elahe , Rostamian Mosayeb , Momtaz Hassan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
The lack of appropriate vaccines is an obstacle to the effective management of A. baumannii infections. Peptide vaccines can provide attractive and promising preventive strategies against A. baumannii.
Objective
Here, specific T cell epitopes of A. baumannii outer membrane protein K (OMPK) were found using comprehensive bioinformatics and detailed molecular docking analysis.
Methods
Both class-I and class-II T cell epitopes of A. baumannii OMPK were predicted by three tools namely IEDB, SYFPEITHI, and ProPred. The predicted epitopes were shortlisted via several analyses such as prediction scoring, clustering, human similarity exclusion, considering immunogenicity and cytokine production, and removing toxic and/or allergen epitopes. The epitopic peptides with high prediction scores and appropriate properties that contained both class-I and class-II T cell epitopes were selected. Two of these class I/II epitopic peptides were chosen for molecular docking studies and assessing their physicochemical properties as vaccine candidates.
Results
The results showed many T-cell epitopes of OMPK that could be evaluated for possible immunogenicity. Two of these epitopes (containing both class-I and II epitopes) had high prediction scores, predicted by several tools, attached to several HLAs, and had the best docking score (bind efficiently to their specific HLAs). They had different physicochemical properties and were conserved among Acinetobacter species.
Discussion
We identified the A. baumannii OMPK high immunogenic class-I and class-II T cell epitopes and introduced two promising high immunogenic peptides as vaccine candidates. It is recommended to do an in vitro/in vivo investigation of these peptides to determine their true efficacy and efficiency.
Photo-manipulated polyunsaturated fatty acid-doped liposomal hydrogel for flexible photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Lan Xinyue , Liang Junguang , Wen Churan , Quan Xiaolong , Lin Huimin , Xu Qinqin , Luo Wei , Yao Guangyu , Zhou Dan , Yu Meng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite the synergy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds great promise as countermeasures against breast cancer, exploring long-term or flexible short-time therapeutic strategies in “cold” tumors remains great challenge.
Methods
Programmed death-ligand 1 antibody (αPD-L1) and photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) were loaded in polyunsaturated fatty acid-doped liposomal hydrogel Lp(DHA)@CP Gel for flexible local photoimmunotherapy with merely single-dosed administration. Phototriggered drug release and ROS generation of Lp(DHA)@CP Gel were evaluated in vitro. To investigate tumor therapeutic effect, NIR laser of 671 nm was used to irradiate tumor site after a single dose of peritumoral administration of Lp(DHA)@CP Gel of 4T1-bearing mice.
Results
With syringe-injectable and self-healing property, Lp(DHA)@CP Gel showed a photo-triggered release of αPD-L1 repeatedly induced to in situ in response to PDT for at least 11 days. Additionally, Lp(DHA)@CP Gel exhibited prominent antitumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. The on-demand treatment can maximize the patient compliance and safety by adjusting therapeutic behaviors via a photo on-off switch. Furthermore, the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect of PDT evoked “cold” breast tumor to “hot” one, and then assisted the cascade released αPD-L1 to synergistically boost the immunotherapy.
Conclusion
Lp(DHA)@CP Gel is a flexible medication platform, showing promise in improving the objective response rate of ICB therapy and minimizing its systemic toxicity.
Identifying the critical areas and primary sources for agricultural non-point source pollution management of an emigrant town within the Three Gorges reservoir area
Authors: Xu Wen , Liu Ling , Zhu Shi-jiang , Sun Ai-hua , Ding Zhi-yu , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Agricultural non-point source pollution is threatening water environmental health of the Three Gorges reservoir. However, current studies for precision management of the agricultural non-point source pollution within this area are still limited. The objective of this study was identifying the critical areas and primary sources of agricultural non-point source pollution for precision management. Firstly, the inventory analysis approach was used to estimate the discharge amount of TN, TP, and COD from farmland fertilizer, crop residues, livestock breeding, and daily activities. Afterwards, the deviation standardization method was applied to evaluate the emission intensity of TN, TP, and COD, as well as calculating the comprehensive pollution index (CPI) of each village, based on which the critical areas for agricultural non-point source pollution management could be distinguished. Moreover, the equivalence pollution load method was conducted to identify the primary pollution sources within each critical zone. The above methods were implemented to an emigrant town, Gufu, within the Three Gorges reservoir area. Results showed that agricultural non-point source pollution in Gufu town has been alleviated to a certain extent between 2016 and 2021. Nevertheless, in four areas of the town, such as Longzhu, Fuzi, Shendu, and Maicang, the agricultural non-point source pollution still deserves attention and improvement. For the mentioned critical areas, farmland fertilizer and livestock breeding were the primary sources causing agricultural non-point source pollution. The emission amount of TN and TP from farmland fertilizer accounted for 60% and 48% of the total, respectively. And those from livestock breeding were 29% and 46%. Our research could provide definite targets to relieve agricultural non-point source pollution, which had great significance to protect water environment while coordinating regional economic growth after emigrant resettlement.
Targeting Unfolded Protein Response reverts ER stress and ER Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes expressing the pathogenic variant of Lamin A/C R321X.
Authors: Pietrafesa Giusy , De Zio Roberta , Scorza Simona , Armentano Mariafrancesca , Pepe Martino , Forleo Cinzia , Procino Giuseppe , Gerbino Andrea , Svelto Maria , Carmosino Monica 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background We previously demonstrated that an Italian family affected by a severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with history of sudden deaths at young age, carried a mutation in the Lmna gene encoding for a truncated variant of the Lamin A/C protein (LMNA), R321X. When expressed in heterologous systems, such variant accumulates into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), inducing the activation of the PERK-CHOP pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER dysfunction and increased rate of apoptosis. The aim of this work was to analyze whether targeting the UPR can be used to revert the ER dysfunction associated with LMNA R321X expression in HL-1 cardiac cells.
Methods HL-1 cardiomyocytes stably expressing R321X LMNA were used to assess the ability of 3 different drugs targeting the UPR, salubrinal, guanabenz and empagliflozin to rescue ER stress and dysfunction. In these cells, the state of activation of both the UPR and the pro-apoptotic pathway were analyzed monitoring the expression levels of phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2a, CHOP and PARP-CL. In addition, we measured ER-dependent intracellular Ca2+ dynamics as indicator of proper ER functionality.
Results We found that salubrinal and guanabenz increased the expression levels of phospho-eIF2a and downregulated the apoptosis markers CHOP and PARP-CL in R321X LMNA-cardiomyocytes, maintaining the so-called adaptive UPR. These drugs also restored ER ability to handle Ca2+ in these cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, we found that empagliflozin downregulated the apoptosis markers CHOP and PARP-CL shutting down the UPR itself through the inhibition of PERK phosphorylation in R321X LMNA-cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, upon empagliflozin treatment, ER homeostasis, in terms of ER ability to store and release intracellular Ca2+ was also restored in these cardiomyocytes.
Conclusions. We provided evidence that the different drugs, although interfering with different steps of the UPR, were able to counteract pro-apoptotic processes and to preserve the ER homeostasis in R321X LMNA-cardiomyocytes. Of note, two of the tested drugs, guanabenz and empagliflozin, are already used in the clinical practice, thus providing preclinical evidence for ready-to-use therapies in patients affected by the R321X LMNA associated cardiomyocytes.
Cost effectiveness of the Mia artificial intelligence technology for detection of breast tumours as part of the NHS breast screening service in the UK
Authors: Palacios Armando Vargas , Sharma Nisha , Sagoo Gurdeep 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In the UK, the NHS National Breast Screening programme, which aims to detect breast cancer at earlier stages, has been shown to be cost-effective. 1,2 The reference standard within the service is for mammograms to be independently double-read3. The double reading is performed by consultant radiologists, consultant radiographers, advanced practitioners, and breast clinicians. If the readers disagree, then arbitration by a single or several readers will take place. This process has reduced false positives and recall rates whilst producing a high level of accuracy, 4 but the process is labour-intensive. In the UK, this has put the service under pressure due to a radiology work force crisis. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been suggested as a substitute for a human reader as a solution.5 While such technology has shown to be non-inferior in performance as a second reader6, the minimum requirements needed (effectiveness, set-up costs, maintenance, etc) for such technology to be a cost-effective alternative for use in the NHS, have not been evaluated. To assess the later, we developed a simulation model replicating the UK NHS screening services. Our results indicate that if non-inferiority is maintained, the use of an AI technology as a second reader is a viable and potentially cost-effective alternative for use in a service such as the NHS.
The return of China’s forests: Three decades of forest transition revealed by satellites
Authors: Tong Xiaowei , Brandt Martin , Yue Yuemin , Zhang Xiaoxin , Fensholt Rasmus , Ciais Philippe , Wang Kelin , Liu Siyu , Zhang Wenmin , Jepsen Martin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A large-scale greening and forest expansion has been observed in China over the past decades, which has accelerated since around 2010. This has been inferred by the use of satellite data, however with too coarse spatial resolution to reveal spatial details about China’s forest transition. By using three decades of dense satellite observations at a 30-m spatial resolution, we reveal here the complex spatio-temporal patterns of individual forest stands forming the forest return history of southern China. We calculate forest age, forest densification rates, and annual landscape fragmentation, and show that the observed forest area surge around 2010 is a result of trees planted after 2000 that formed dense forests about a decade later. We document that old forests in the 1980s were mostly fragmented into scattered patches located on mountain tops, but forests rapidly expanded downhill by 729,540 km2 from 1986–2018, connecting forest patches and creating buffer zones that alleviated the clear-cut and logging pressure from old forests. This process decreased forest fragmentation and sextupled core forest areas. Our study contests several widely accepted assumptions that negatively relate humans actions with forest dynamics, and provides a detailed documentation of forest densification and expansion for a country that had been largely deforested three decades ago.
Effect of transporting Oreochromis niloticus in water with and without sodium chloride on some skin immunity-related genes expression
Authors: Hana Heba Naeim Sadek , Ahmed Mohamed Abd El‑Aziz  Abd El‑Galil , Mousa Mohamed Abd Allah , El-Lateif Rasha S. B. Abd , Emam Arafah M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study conducted to investigate Mucin, Antimicrobial peptides, Cytokines, prolactin and growth hormones gene expression of skin of Oreochromis niloticus after transportation for 5-hour in water with and without salt. Three experimental groups (Control, post-transport without salt (PT-S) and post-transport with 5g salt/L (PT + S)) were investigated. Overall, they were dramatically changed in the PT-S group than PT + S group indicating that the addition of salt to transport water mitigated the stress effect on the O. niloticus physiology and immunity. MUC + 2 a greater up-regulation was recorded in the PT-S group (7.58 folds) comparing to 3.30 folds in the PT + S group and the MUC5-AC greater up-regulated in the PT-S group (6.29 folds) comparing to a 4.16 folds in the PT + S group. The antimicrobial peptides Dβ1, Dβ2 and Cath1 genes expression were all significantly down regulated in the PT-S and PT + S skin comparing with the control and this down regulation was more dramatic in the PT-S group recording 0.42, 029 and 0.16 folds matching with 0.82, 0.69 and 0.75 in the PT + S group respectively. Scanning microscopy of skin of PT-S group showed few scratched white patches among normal regions that may represent thickened surface with absence of opening of goblets cell, while the skin of PT + S group showed moderate preservation of surface skin features with some goblet cells opening and slight thickened white patches could be observed and goblet cells opening were not so clear like control.
Perinatal and neonatal factors and mental disorders in children and adolescents: looking for the contributions of the early environment to common and dissociable aspects of psychopathology
Authors: Leusin Fabiane , Damiano Rodolfo Furlan , Mendes Lorenna Sena Teixeira , Hoffmann Maurício Scopel , Manfro Arthur Gus , Pan Pedro Mario , Gadelha Ary , Mari Jair , Manfro Gisele Gus , Miguel Eurípedes Constantino , Rohde Luis Augusto , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca , Salum Giovanni Abrahão 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
High rates of co-occurrence of mental disorders have been hypothesized to represent a result of common susceptibility to overall psychopathology. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that commonalities among psychiatric disorders might be partially driven by shared perinatal and neonatal environmental factors for mental disorders. Participants were 6-14 years of age children and their parents. Primary caregivers provided data on perinatal and neonatal information assessed retrospectively (n=2,231). Psychiatric disorders diagnoses were assessed using the Development and Well Being Behavior Assessment (DAWBA). We used bifactor models to disentangle common from dissociable aspects of psychopathology. These models allow modeling psychiatric disorders as the result of a common domain of psychopathology (p-factor) and three dissociable domains (fear, distress, and externalizing symptoms). Associations were tested using linear and tobit regression models. The p-factor was associated with low socioeconomic status, gestational smoking, gestational drinking, no breastfeeding, low levels of maternal education and presence of mental disorder in the mother. Associations with specific factors also emerged suggesting some risk factors might also have some role for fear, distress and externalizing factors. Our study supports the hypothesis that overall susceptibility to psychopathology might be partially driven by shared perinatal and neonatal factors.
A clustering study of the old open cluster Trumpler 19
Authors: Gao Xinhua , Fang Dan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the spatial structure and dynamical state of the poorly studied old (∼ 4 Gyr) open cluster Trumpler 19 based on reliable cluster members from Gaia-DR3. The DBSCAN clustering algorithm is used to estimate membership probabilities and select likely cluster members in a normalized 5D parametric space. We identify 859 likely cluster members down to G ∼ 20 mag in the field of the cluster. We estimate a cluster radius of R cl ∼ 18 arcmin (13.1 pc) based on the radial distribution of the cluster members. We find that the cluster is deficient in faint and low-mass stars (G > 19 mag), possibly resulting from star evaporation and external tidal effects. Strong mass segregation effect can be detected in the cluster based on the obtained membership probabilities. We estimate a core radius of R c = 3.0 ± 0.2 arcmin (2.2 ± 0.1 pc) and a tidal radius of R t = 30.7 ± 9.0 arcmin (22.3 ± 6.5 pc) for the cluster. We estimate a concentration parameter of log(R t /R c) ∼ 1.0, indicating that Trumpler 19 has formed a clear core-halo structure due to dynamical evolution. We investigate the dynamical state of the cluster using 26 blue stragglers (BSs) identified in the cluster. We find that the BSs extend to a radius of ∼ 10.5 arcmin (3.5R c), and 16 of them (∼ 62%) are located in the core radius of the cluster. We also find that the BSs are significantly more concentrated than the red giant branch (RGB) stars, indicating that Trumpler 19 is a dynamically old cluster.
Beyond fixed sets: Boundary conditions for obtaining SNARC-like effects with continuous semantic magnitudes
Authors: Leth-Steensen Craig , Farahi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moshirian , Al-Juboori Noora 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Previous research has demonstrated the presence of an effect (i.e., the spatial-numerical association of response codes or SNARC) in both numerical parity and magnitude judgment tasks in which smaller numerical magnitudes are manually responded to faster on the left side and larger numerical magnitudes on the right side. Such a result has typically been attributed to a spatially based representation of numerical magnitude in long-term memory, the format of which has recently been postulated to be positional in line with learning of a canonically ordered number sequence. As a test of this view, in the current research, participants made classification judgments involving either the size (N = 88) or the living-nonliving status (N = 114) corresponding to the names of animals/objects etc. (for which no learned canonical ordering of size exists). Names were taken from a very large set of 400 animals/objects etc. and each name was presented only once in an experimental session. Responses were made using left and right manual keypresses. The lack of any differential performance effects in response time (or accuracy) involving the relative sizes of the animals/objects and the side of response in this current work indicated that SNARC-like effects do not seem to occur under conditions in which the use of positional coding of size in either long- or short-term memory is precluded.
Learning of a covert sequence of effector movements: limits to its acquisition
Authors: Johannsen Leif , Koch Iring 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sequence learning in serial reaction time (SRT) tasks is an established, lab-based experimental paradigm to study acquisition and transfer of skill based on the detection of predictable stimulus and motor response sequences. Participants learn a stimulus sequence by associating their responses to the targets with the subsequently presented targets in the sequence. In the traditional paradigm, however, actions and targets are directly related. In contrast, the present study asked whether participants would demonstrate acquisition of a sequence of effector movements such as the left vs. right hand (e.g., hand sequence learning), whilst the actual targets and associated finger responses are unpredictable. Twenty-seven young adults performed a SRT task to visually presented characters with the index or middle fingers of both hands. While the specific fingers to respond with were randomly selected for each stimulus presentation, both hands followed a covert sequence. We asked whether participants would learn the underlying hand sequence as demonstrated by shortened response latencies and increased accuracy compared to a fully randomized hand sequence. The results show sequence-specific learning effects. However, categorization of hand responses depending on the previous response suggested that learning occurred predominantly for subsequent finger responses of the same hand but not between the hands. Nevertheless, a small effect was observed for predictable shifts between hands irrespective of the fingers involved. Our results thus suggest that humans are able to benefit from predictable hand repetitions but less so for predicted shifts between hands.
Neural Topic Model with Distance Awareness
Authors: Chen Shangyu , Zhao He , Huynh Viet , Cai Jianfei , Phung Dinh 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Neural topic models (NTM) have shown their success in topic modelling with awide range of applications in text analysis. NTMs based on generative modelstend to have good refactoring capabilities in achieving good document represen-tations, rather than providing a topic representation that has an understandableassociation with documents and words. To bridge this gap, we have proposeda neural topic model that allows simultaneously learning topics from text dataas well as capturing the structural manifold in the original data space of doc-uments. Comprehensive experiments have shown that the proposed model canimprove learned topics in terms of intrinsic metrics (purity and coherence)and extrinsic downstream tasks (clustering, classification). Beyond that, themodel can provide interpretable low dimensional presentations of documents