bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The aging of glymphatic system in human brain and its correlation with brain charts and neuropsychological functioning
Authors: Dai Zhuozhi , Yang Zhiqi , Chen Xiaofeng , Zheng Wenbin , Zhuang Zerui , Liao Yuting , Li Mu , Chen Shaoxian , Lin Daiying , Wu Xianheng , Shen Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the aging of the glymphatic system in healthy adults, and to determine whether this change is correlated with the brain charts and neuropsychological functioning. Two independent brain 3.0 T MRI datasets were analyzed: a public dataset and our hospital-own dataset from two hospitals. The function of the glymphatic system was quantified by diffusion analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index via an automatic method. Brain charts were calculated online. Correlations of the ALPS index with the brain charts, age, gender, and neuropsychological functioning, as well as differences in ALPS index across age groups, were assessed. A total of 161 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 20 to 87 years were included. ALPS index was negatively correlated with the age in both independent datasets. Compared with that of the young group, the ALPS index was significantly lower in the elderly group. No significant difference was found in the ALPS index between different genders. In addition, the ALPS index was not significantly correlated with the brain charts and neuropsychological functioning. In conclusion, the aging of glymphatic system exists in healthy adults, which is not correlated with the changes of brain charts and neuropsychological functioning.
The Who, What, When, and Where of Inpatient Direct Oral Penicillin Challenge—Implications for Health Services Implementation
Authors: Trubiano Jason Anthony , Vogrin Sara , Mitri Elise , Hall Rebecca , Copaescu Ana , Waldron Jamie , De Luca Joseph , Rose Morgan , Mackay Geoff , Lambros Belinda , Douglas Abby P , Holmes Natasha E , Chua Kyra Y L 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInpatient direct oral challenge programs are increasingly deployed as part of antimicrobial stewardship initiatives to reduce the burden and impacts of penicillin allergy labels on antibiotic prescribing. Using data from a prospective, multicenter cohort inpatient penicillin allergy program, we identify the key targets for delabeling to aid health service implementation.
Serum Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase-L1, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, and Neurofilament Light Chain Are Good Entry Points and Biomarker Candidates for Neurosyphilis Diagnosis Among Patients Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus to Avoid Lumbar Puncture
Authors: Xie Lin , Li Wei , Ye Wei-Ming , Xiao Yao , Ke Wu-Jian , Niu Jian-Jun , Yang Tian-Ci 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Laboratory tests to diagnose neurosyphilis using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are currently disadvantageous as a lumbar puncture is required, which may result in patients with neurosyphilis missing an opportunity for early diagnosis. Thus, blood biomarker candidates that are more convenient and minimally invasive to collect for diagnosing neurosyphilis is urgently needed.

Methods
This observational study aimed to analyze serum ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NF-L) levels in 153 patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to evaluate their diagnostic performance in neurosyphilis compared with CSF.

Results
Serum UCH-L1, GFAP, and NF-L levels were significantly higher in patients with neurosyphilis compared with patients with uncomplicated syphilis or non-syphilis. For the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, serum UCH-L1, GFAP, and NF-L revealed sensitivities of 90.20%, 80.40%, and 88.24%, and specificities of 92.16%, 78.43%, and 80.39%, respectively, at cutoff levels of 814.50 pg/mL, 442.70 pg/mL, and 45.19 pg/mL, respectively. In patients with syphilis, serum UCH-L1, GFAP, and NF-L levels correlated strongly or moderately with those in the CSF, with similar or better diagnostic performance than those in the CSF. The testing algorithms' sensitivity and specificity increased to 98.04% and 96.08%, respectively, when subjected to parallel and combination testing, respectively.

Conclusions
To avoid lumbar puncture, each serum UCH-L1, GFAP, and NF-L is a good entry point and biomarker candidate for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis among patients without HIV. These proteins used in concerto can further improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Extremely Lightweight Constant-Round Membership-Authenticated Group Key Establishment for Resource-Constrained Smart Environments toward 5G
Authors: Hsu Chingfang , Xia Zhe , Cheng Tianshu , Harn Lein 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With rapid development of next-generation mobile networks and communications (5G networks), group-oriented applications in resource-constrained smart environments (RSEs), such as smart homes and smart classrooms, have attracted great attentions. Due to the insecure communications between resource-constrained devices, secure group communications in RSE toward 5G face many challenges. In RSE toward 5G, lightweight communications and low computational overheads are crucial. Besides, the private tokens used to generate the group key are expected to be reused multiple times. However, the conventional frameworks for secure group communications cannot meet these requirements. A practical construction of extremely lightweight constant-round membership authenticated group key establishment framework is proposed in this paper for RSE toward 5G, which not only implements identity authentication among the members and group key establishment but also ensures extremely lightweight computation and communication costs by each group member. In our proposed scheme, the increase in the number of group members will not lead to a linear or logarithmic increase in the communication and calculation costs at the member side. Our framework also resists external and internal attacks and meets all the desirable security features. In this framework, the privacy of tokens can be well protected, so that they can be reused for multiple times. Therefore, our scheme significantly reduces the costs of communication and calculation, and it is more efficient compared with the related schemes in the literature. This proposal is fairly suitable for lightweight membership authentication and group key establishment in RSE toward 5G.
Anal High-risk Human Papillomavirus Infection, Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions, and Anal Cancer in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Albuquerque Andreia , Cappello Carmelina , Stirrup Oliver , Selinger Christian P 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn’s disease [CD] can be associated with severe comorbidities, namely opportunistic infections and malignancies. We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the burden of anal human papillomavirus disease in patients with UC and CD.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched until November 2022. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models. The protocol was recorded at PROSPERO register with the number CRD42022356728.

Results
Six studies, including 78 711 patients with UC with a total follow-up of 518 969 person-years, described the anal cancer incidence rate. For anal cancer incidence rate in CD, six studies were selected, including 56 845 patients with a total follow-up of 671 899 person-years. The incidence of anal cancer was 10.2 [95% CI 4.3 − 23.7] per 100 000 person-years in UC and 7.7 [3.5 − 17.1] per 100 000 person-years in CD. A subgroup analysis of anal cancer in perianal CD, including 7105 patients, was calculated with incidence of 19.6 [12.2 − 31.6] per 100 000 person-years [three studies included]. Few studies described prevalence of anal cytological abnormalities [four studies including 349 patients] or high-risk human papillomavirus [three studies including 210 patients], with high heterogeneity. Prevalence of cytological abnormalities or high-risk human papillomavirus was not associated with pharmacological immunosuppression in the studies included.

Conclusion
The incidence of anal cancer is higher in UC than in CD, with the exception of perianal CD. There are limited and heterogeneous data on anal high-risk human papillomavirus infection and squamous intraepithelial lesions prevalence in this population.
Adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy and 3-year clinical outcome following acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Lee Seung-Hwa , Hyun Dahee , Choi Jungmin , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Cha Kwang Soo , Oh SeokKyu , Seong In-Whan , Jeong Myung Ho , Choi Jin-Ho 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aims
Despite the well-established clinical benefits and strong recommendations in clinical guidelines, adherence to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) is known to be insufficient. We investigated the adherence to GDMT and its impact on the 3-year clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods and results
Source data were obtained from KAMIR-NIH, a Korean multi-centre observational registry. GDMT was defined according to the ACC/AHA Class I recommendations. Adherence to GDMT was assessed at discharge and every year thereafter. The differences in clinical characteristics between patients receiving and those not receiving GDMT were adjusted using propensity score matching (PSM) or inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), which was a composite of all-cause death and non-fatal MACE, including myocardial infarction (MI), revascularization, or stroke. Of 12 815 patients, GDMT adherence was 70.2% at discharge, and decreased gradually into 54.6% at 3-year. GDMT at discharge was associated with lower MACE risk in the unadjusted analysis [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.51, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.47–0.55, P &lt; 0.001] and also in the PSM- or IPTW-adjusted analyses (HR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.69–0.86; HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.72–0.86; P &lt; 0.001, all). These findings were replicated in the 1-year or 2-year landmark analyses (HR = 0.58 to 0.82, P &lt; 0.01, all).

Conclusion
Adherence to GDMT was sub-optimal among patients with AMI in Korea. As the adherence to GDMT was associated with a lower incidence of MACE during 3-year follow-up, the maintenance of long-term GDMT might be crucial for patients with AMI.
Discourses of Fear on Climate Change in International Human Rights Law
Authors: Saab Anne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Discourses of fear on climate change are pervasive. International human rights law frequently refers to climate change as one of the most serious threats to human rights, and this language of threat reveals a discourse of fear. Fearful representations of climate change are justified by scientific data and can be effective in drawing attention to the issue and incentivizing necessary action. However, psychologists and communications experts have demonstrated that fear can also lead to disengagement, ‘climate change fatigue’ and active opposition to climate change policies. By invoking a discourse of fear on climate change, human rights actors are not only reflecting accurate climate science but also engaging in emotional rhetoric. The discourse of fear that presents climate change itself as the main threat to human rights, moreover, contributes to framing climate change primarily as a physical and scientific problem and obscures other important dimensions of climate change. Those individuals engaging with international human rights law must acknowledge the rhetorical and emotive power of the language they speak and engage more seriously with the literature on discourses of fear and their effects on a broad general audience. Only then can we truly work towards effective action on climate change, supported by international law.
Digital literacy as ideological practice
Authors: Weninger Csilla 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDigital literacy is high on the educational agenda in many countries as it is seen as an essential attribute of a discerning citizenry and a competitive workforce. A host of frameworks and conceptualizations have been proposed—both from scholars and from transnational organizations—for the curricular implementation of digital literacy in educational institutions. While there seems to be consensus on what digital literacy is, what has received much less attention in scholarly discussions of digital literacy is the ways in which it is also, fundamentally, an ideological practice. This paper considers what it means to say that digital literacy is an ideological practice and what such a recognition means for teaching or developing it in schools, particularly in the ELT classroom. I critique the prevalent focus on skills and outline how we may develop digital literacy as social practice.
Sport and exercise in genotype positive (+) phenotype negative (−) individuals: current dilemmas and future perspectives
Authors: Paldino Alessia , Rossi Maddalena , Dal Ferro Matteo , Tavčar Irena , Behr Elijah , Sharma Sanjay , Papadakis Michael , Sinagra Gianfranco , Finocchiaro Gherardo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Genotype positive–phenotype negative (GEN+PHEN−) individuals harbour a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant without exhibiting a phenotypic manifestation of the disease. In the last few years, the widespread use of genetic testing in probands and relatives has increasingly led to the identification of these individuals, with emerging dilemmas regarding their clinical management. A genetic variant may exhibit a variable expressivity even in the same family and spontaneous conversion to overt phenotype is largely unpredictable. Little is known about the possible influence of environmental factors, such intense or moderate exercise with open questions regarding their possible role in promoting or worsening the phenotypic expression. Current guidelines for sports participation in this setting acknowledge the weak burden of evidence and the many uncertainties. The recommendations to engage in intensive exercise and competitive sports are usually contingent on annual clinical surveillance, except for pathogenic variants in specific genes, such as lamin A/C or plakophilin-2. In certain conditions, such as arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, guidelines do not differentiate between GEN+PHEN− individuals and patients with overt disease and recommend avoiding participation in high-intensity recreational exercise and competitive sports. It should be emphasized that international guidelines, traditionally restrictive in terms of sports participation and focused on disqualification, embraced recently a more liberal attitude promoting a shared decision-making approach in the absence of clinical markers of increased risk. In this review, we will discuss the current state of knowledge on GEN+PHEN− individuals and the dilemmas surrounding the impact of exercise and prognosis, focusing on cardiomyopathies and channelopathies, which are the predominant causes of sudden cardiac death in the young and in young athletes.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community-based testing for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections in the WHO European Region, March to August 2020
Authors: Fernàndez-López Laura , Simões Daniel , Casabona Jordi ,   The EuroTEST COVID-19 Impact Assessment Consortium of Partners, Pharris Anastasia , Winter Andrew , Sullivan Ann K , von Lingen Ann-Isabelle , RinderStengaard Annemarie , Mozalevskis Antons , James Cary , Rokx Casper , Agustí Cristina , Alexeeva Daria , Raben Dorthe , Duffell Erika , Kuchukhidze Giorgi , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Kowalska Justyna D , Rüütel Kristi , Tavoschi Lara , Combs Lauren , Unemo Magnus , Buti Maria , Krone Michael , Seguy Nicole , Mardh Otilia , Ehsani Soudeh , Noori Teymur , Delpech Valerie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 affected testing for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on community-based voluntary, counselling and testing (CBVCT) services for those infections in the WHO European Region.

Methods
An online survey was distributed between 14 October and 13 November 2020 to testing providers in the WHO European Region. Key questions included: impact on testing volume, reasons for this impact, measures to mitigate, economic effects, areas where guidance or support were needed. A descriptive analysis on data reported by CBVCT services was performed.

Results
In total, 71 CBVCT services from 28 countries completed the survey. From March to May 2020, compared to the same period in 2019, most respondents reported a very major decrease (&gt;50%) in the volume of testing for all the infections, ranging from 68% (Chlamydia) to 81% (HCV), and testing levels were not recovered during post-confinement. Main reasons reported were: site closure during lockdown (69.0%), reduced attendance and fewer appointments scheduled (66.2%), reduced staff (59.7%), and testing only by appointment (56.7%). Measures implemented to mitigate the decreased testing were remote appointments (64.8%), testing by appointment (50.7%), referral to other sites (33.8%), testing campaigns (35.2%) and promotion of self-testing (36.6%). Eighty-two percent of respondents reported a need for guidance/support.

Conclusion
Results suggest that people attending CBVCT services experienced reductions in access to testing compared to before the pandemic. National governmental agencies need to support European CBVCT services to ensure recovery of community counselling and testing.
How development affects evolution
Authors: González-Forero Mauricio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNatural selection acts on developmentally constructed phenotypes, but how does development affect evolution? This question prompts a simultaneous consideration of development and evolution. However, there has been a lack of general mathematical frameworks mechanistically integrating the two, which may have inhibited progress on the question. Here, we use a new mathematical framework that mechanistically integrates development into evolution to analyse how development affects evolution. We show that, while selection pushes genotypic and phenotypic evolution up the fitness landscape, development determines the admissible evolutionary pathway, such that evolutionary outcomes occur at path peaks rather than landscape peaks. Changes in development can generate path peaks, triggering genotypic or phenotypic diversification, even on constant, single-peak landscapes. Phenotypic plasticity, niche construction, extra-genetic inheritance, and developmental bias alter the evolutionary path and hence the outcome. Thus, extra-genetic inheritance can have permanent evolutionary effects by changing the developmental constraints, even if extra-genetically acquired elements are not transmitted to future generations. Selective development, whereby phenotype construction points in the adaptive direction, may induce adaptive or maladaptive evolution depending on the developmental constraints. Moreover, developmental propagation of phenotypic effects over age enables the evolution of negative senescence. Overall, we find that development plays a major evolutionary role.
Sib-mating enhances fitness in a haplodiploid beetle
Authors: Moncaz Aviad , Ben-Shlomo Rachel , Lubin Yael , Kliot Adi , Harari Ally 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInbreeding is generally avoided in animals due to the risk of inbreeding depression following an increase in homozygous deleterious alleles and loss of heterozygosity. Species that regularly inbreed challenge our understanding of the fitness effects of these risks. We investigated the fitness consequences of extended inbreeding in the haplodiploid date stone beetle, Coccotrypes dactyliperda. We hypothesized that continuous inbreeding could result in reduced fitness, while outbreeding would either increase fitness due to heterosis or lower fitness if co-adapted gene complexes are disrupted. We established three breeding treatments with beetles from two geographically separated populations: Sib-mating (inbreeding), and outbreeding within and between populations. Between-population outbreeding groups of both populations had lower fecundity and collapsed before the experiment ended, while sib-mated and within-population breeding groups persisted for 10 generations. Sib-mated females had higher fecundity than within- and between-population outbreeding females. Inbreeding coefficients of sib-mated groups were higher than the other treatment groups, yet sib-mated beetles remained genetically polymorphic at the population level. Thus, there was no inbreeding depression, while crossing between distant populations led to outbreeding depression. Our findings are consistent with the life history of C. dactyliperda, in which sib-mating predominates within the date seed, but occasional within-population outbreeding may occur following local dispersal.
Evaluating coevolution in a horizontally transmitted mutualism
Authors: Stoy Kayla S , Chavez Joselyne , De Las Casas Valeria , Talla Venkat , Berasategui Aileen , Morran Levi T , Gerardo Nicole M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Many interspecific interactions are shaped by coevolution. Transmission mode is thought to influence opportunities for coevolution within symbiotic interactions. Vertical transmission maintains partner fidelity, increasing opportunities for coevolution, but horizontal transmission may disrupt partner fidelity, potentially reducing opportunities for coevolution. Despite these predictions, the role of coevolution in the maintenance of horizontally transmitted symbioses is unclear. Leveraging a tractable insect–bacteria symbiosis, we tested for signatures of pairwise coevolution by assessing patterns of host–symbiont specialization. If pairwise coevolution defines the interaction, we expected to observe evidence of reciprocal specialization between hosts and their local symbionts. We found no evidence for local adaptation between sympatric lineages of Anasa tristis squash bugs and Caballeronia spp. symbionts across their native geographic range. We also found no evidence for specialization between three co-localized Anasa host species and their native Caballeronia symbionts. Our results demonstrate generalist dynamics underlie the interaction between Anasa insect hosts and their Caballeronia symbionts. We predict that selection from multiple host species may favor generalist symbiont traits through diffuse coevolution. Alternatively, selection for generalist traits may be a consequence of selection by hosts for fixed cooperative symbiont traits without coevolution.