bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimated Probability Distribution of Bleeding After Pediatric Tonsillectomy
Authors: Johnson Romaine F. , Beams Dylan R. , Zaniletti Isabella , Chorney Stephen R. , Kou Yann-Fuu , Lenes-Voit Felicity , Ulualp Seckin , Liu Christopher , Mitchell Ron B. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceThe American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation has recommended yearly surgeon self-monitoring of posttonsillectomy bleeding rates. However, the predicted distribution of rates to guide this monitoring remain unexplored.ObjectiveTo use a national cohort of children to estimate the probability of bleeding after pediatric tonsillectomy to guide surgeons in self-monitoring of this event.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from the Pediatric Health Information System for all pediatric (&amp;lt;18 years old) patients who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy in a children’s hospital in the US from January 1, 2016, through August 31, 2021, and were discharged home. Predicted probabilities of return visits for bleeding within 30 days were calculated to estimate quantiles for bleeding rates. A secondary analysis included logistic regression of bleeding risk by demographic characteristics and associated conditions. Data analyses were conducted from August 7, 2022 to January 28, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRevisits to the emergency department or hospital (inpatient/observation) for bleeding (primary/secondary diagnosis) within 30 days after index discharge after tonsillectomy.ResultsOf the 96 415 children (mean [SD] age, 5.3 [3.9] years; 41 284 [42.8%] female; 46 954 [48.7%] non-Hispanic White individuals) who had undergone tonsillectomy, 2100 (2.18%) returned to the emergency department or hospital with postoperative bleeding. The predicted 5th, 50th, and 95th quantiles for bleeding were 1.17%, 1.97%, and 4.75%, respectively. Variables associated with bleeding after tonsillectomy were Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.19; 99% CI, 1.01-1.40), very high residential Opportunity Index (OR, 1.28; 99% CI, 1.05-1.56), gastrointestinal disease (OR, 1.33; 99% CI, 1.01-1.77), obstructive sleep apnea (OR, 0.85; 99% CI, 0.75-0.96), obesity (OR,1.24; 99% CI, 1.04-1.48), and being more than 12 years old (OR, 2.48; 99% CI, 2.12-2.91). The adjusted 99th percentile for bleeding after tonsillectomy was approximately 6.39%.Conclusions and RelevanceThis retrospective national cohort study predicted 50th and 95th percentiles for posttonsillectomy bleeding of 1.97% and 4.75%. This probability model may be a useful tool for future quality initiatives and surgeons who are self-monitoring bleeding rates after pediatric tonsillectomy.
DARU‐Net: A dual attention residual U‐Net for uterine fibroids segmentation on MRI
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Yang , Chen Liping , Ma Si , Zhong Yuqing , He Zhimin , Li Chengwei , Xiao Zhibo , Zheng Yineng , Lv Fajin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeUterine fibroid is the most common benign tumor in female reproductive organs. In order to guide the treatment, it is crucial to detect the location, shape, and size of the tumor. This study proposed a deep learning approach based on attention mechanisms to segment uterine fibroids automatically on preoperative Magnetic Resonance (MR) images.MethodsThe proposed method is based on U‐Net architecture and integrates two attention mechanisms: channel attention of squeeze‐and‐excitation (SE) blocks with residual connections, spatial attention of pyramid pooling module (PPM). We did the ablation study to verify the performance of these two attention mechanisms module and compared DARU‐Net with other deep learning methods. All experiments were performed on a clinical dataset consisting of 150 cases collected from our hospital. Among them, 120 cases were used as the training set, and 30 cases are used as the test set. After preprocessing and data augmentation, we trained the network and tested it on the test dataset. We evaluated segmentation performance through the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), precision, recall, and Jaccard index (JI).ResultsThe average DSC, precision, recall, and JI of DARU‐Net reached 0.8066 ± 0.0956, 0.8233 ± 0.1255, 0.7913 ± 0.1304, and 0.6743 ± 0.1317. Compared with U‐Net and other deep learning methods, DARU‐Net was more accurate and stable.ConclusionThis work proposed an optimized U‐Net with channel and spatial attention mechanisms to segment uterine fibroids on preoperative MR images. Results showed that DARU‐Net was able to accurately segment uterine fibroids from MR images.
Technical note: Consistency of IAEA's TRS‐483 and AAPM's extended TG‐51 protocols for clinical reference dosimetry of the CyberKnife M6 machine
Authors: Duchaine Jasmine , Markel Daniel , Ley Jean‐Luc , Béliveau‐Nadeau Dominique , Zerouali Karim , Doucet Robert , Bouchard Hugo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile IAEA's TRS‐483 code of practice is adapted for the calibration of CyberKnife machines, AAPM's TG‐51 is still the protocol recommended by the manufacturer for their calibration. The differences between both protocols could lead to differences in absorbed dose to water during the calibration process.PurposeThe aims of this work are to evaluate the difference resulting from the application of TG‐51 (including the manufacturer's adaptations) and TRS‐483 in terms of absorbed dose to water for a CyberKnife M6, and to evaluate the consistency of TRS‐483.MethodsMeasurements are performed on a CyberKnife M6 unit under machine‐specific reference conditions using a calibrated Exradin A12 ionization chamber. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are performed to estimate and using a fully modeled detector and an optimized CyberKnife M6 beam model. The latter is also estimated experimentally. Differences between the adapted TG‐51 and TRS‐483 protocols are identified and their impact is quantified.ResultsWhen using an in‐house experimentally‐evaluated volume averaging correction factor, a difference of 0.11% in terms of absorbed dose to water per monitor unit is observed when applying both protocols. This disparity is solely associated to the difference in beam quality correction factor. If a generic volume averaging correction factor is used during the application of TRS‐483, the difference in calibration increases to 0.14%. In both cases, the disparity is not statistically significant according to TRS‐483's reported uncertainties on their beam quality correction factor (i.e., 1%). MC results lead to and . Results illustrate that the generic beam quality correction factor provided in the TRS‐483 might be overestimated by 0.36% compared to our specific model and that this overestimation could be due to the volume averaging component.ConclusionsFor clinical reference dosimetry of the CyberKnife M6, the application of TRS‐483 is found to be consistent with TG‐51.
Metallic Glass‐Fiber Fabrics: A New Type of Flexible, Super‐Lightweight, and 3D Current Collector for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Shang Jian , Yu Wancheng , Wang Lei , Xie Chuan , Xu Hailong , Wang Wenshuo , Huang Qiyao , Zheng Zijian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCurrent collectors are indispensable parts that provide electron transport and mechanical support of electrode materials in a battery. Nowadays, thin metal foils made of Cu and Al are used as current collectors of lithium batteries, but they do not contribute to the storage capacity. Therefore, decreasing the weight of current collectors can directly enhance the energy density of a battery. However, limited by the requirements of mechanical strength, it is difficult to reduce the weight of metal foils any further. Herein, a new type of current collectors made of 3D metallic glass‐fiber fabrics (MGFs), which shows advantages of super‐lightweight (2.9–3.2 mg cm⁻2), outstanding electrochemical stability for cathodes and anodes of lithium‐ion and lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs), fire resistance, high strength, and flexibility suitable for roll‐to‐roll electrode fabrication is reported. The gravimetric energy densities of lithium batteries exhibit improvements of 9–18% by only replacing the metal foils with the MGFs. In addition, MGFs are suitable for the fabrication of flexible batteries. A high‐energy‐density flexible lithium battery with an outstanding figure of merit of flexible battery (fbFOM) and flexing stability is demonstrated.
Stoichiometric and Chiral Stacking Tailoring of Dibenzocarbazole Analog–TCNB Charge‐Transfer Cocrystals via Supramolecular Assembly for Variable Optical Behaviors
Authors: Ma Shuang , Sun Hua , Chen Jinqiu , Yu Yue , Lu Haolin , Wang Shuai , Zhang Jing , Zhao Jianfeng , Long Guankui , Wang Xue‐Dong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, three new donor–acceptor complex forms (zBC) containing a helical‐shape dibenzocarbazole analog (DBCz) as the electron donor and 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) as the electron acceptor via a simple solution‐processing strategy are reported. The beginning components self‐assembled into supramolecular frameworks with glamorous alignment modes and different molar ratios: ≈1:1 P or M‐enantiomer for α‐cocrystal, alternated P/M‐column stacking in mesmeric 2:3 β‐cocrystal, and segregated stacking of γ‐cocrystal. As a result, α‐cocrystal exhibits bright solid‐state red fluorescent, β‐cocrystal shows significant optical waveguide behavior with a low optical loss coefficient of ≈0.018 dB µm−1, and no visual light emission is observed for γ‐cocrystal under ultraviolet radiation. Interestingly, the α‐zBC crystal is not only emissive but also chiroptically active with dissymmetry factor (glum) of 0.004. This study on chiral stacking tailoring paves a way for functional design of organic charge‐transfer complex toward application in high‐performance organic optoelectronics.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aggregation of Coordinated Supramolecular Polymers with Quadruple Modulated Inversion of Circular Dichroism
Authors: Liu Chongtao , Fu Kuo , Zheng Shuyuan , Yao Longfei , Zhou Weiqiang , Liu Guofeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSupramolecular chirality is the inherent property and the corresponding performance of aggregated materials in the supramolecular polymer (SP) system. It is an interesting but challenging issue to regulate the handedness direction of supramolecular chirality and achieve the circular dichroism (CD) inversion of chiral SP‐based aggregates, especially for the ones assembled from metal‐organic supramolecular polymer (MOSP) with great potential in asymmetric catalysis, chiral recognition, and chiroptical devices. Herein, a set of nanoaggregates coassembled from para‐pyridine imine‐linked cholesterol conjugate (pPMPCC) and various metal salts, using the cooperative interactions of metal‐ion coordination, van der Waals interaction and solvent polarity, is rationally designed and prepared. Interestingly, quadruple modulated supramolecular chirality inversion (SMCI) of MOSP‐based nanoaggregates is modulated by various metal ions (such as Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Bi3+) and their content, as well as the external stimuli like solvent effects, temperature, and ultrasound. This work provides a facile pathway to tune the helical self‐aggregation of metal‐organic complex systems with quadruple‐modulated CD inversion, which would be of great potential in asymmetric catalysis, chiral recognition, and sensing with dynamic supramolecular chirality.
Cationic Copper Species Stabilized by Zinc during the Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 Revealed by In Situ X‐Ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Velasco‐Vélez Juan‐Jesús , Poon Jeffrey , Gao Dunfeng , Chuang Cheng‐Hao , Bergmann Arno , Jones Travis E. , Haw Shu‐Chih , Chen Jin‐Ming , Carbonio Emilia , Mom Rik V. , Ivanov Danail , Arrigo Rosa , Cuenya Beatriz Roldan , Knop‐Gericke Axel , Schlögl Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdvanced in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of electrochemically co‐electrodeposited bi‐element copper alloy electrodes shows that zinc yields the formation of a stable cationic Cu species during the electroreduction of CO2 at high cathodic polarization. In contrast, the formation/stabilization of cationic Cu species in copper oxides, or doping Cu with another element, like Ni, is not possible. It is found that the pure and mixed Cu:Zn electrodes behave similarly in term of electrocatalytic selectivity to multi‐carbon products. At higher Zn concentrations the electrode behaves like the pure Zn catalyst, which indicates that the Cu cationic species do not have a significant influence on the selectivity to multi‐carbon products. It is found that in the non‐monotonically distribution of products is dominated in term of surface energy in which copper prefers the surface. Otherwise, this work highlights the importance of in situ characterization to uncover the mechanisms mediating the catalytic reactions in contrast to ex situ or post mortem analysis, which can be a source of misinterpretation.
Second Near‐Infrared Light Triggered Mini Plasmonic Heterostructures for Photothermal‐Derived Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xu Zhourui , Aalinkeel Ravikumar , Mahajan Supriya D. , Rao Nanxi , Chen Ting , Jiang Yihang , Yang Chengbin , Xu Gaixia , Schwartz Stanley A. , Law Wing‐Cheung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) is an emerging treatment tool for cancer therapy. However, its therapeutic outcomes are largely affected by the photophysical properties of photothermal agents and the responses of cancer cells. To reveal the full potential of PTT, in this work, a photothermal‐derived multimodal synergistic therapy is proposed based on mini‐size AuNR@Cu2‐xS (mARC) plasmonic heterostructures. Due to the unique optical properties of mARC nanoparticles, a remarkably high heat conversion efficiency of 62% is achieved under a 1064 nm laser. Quercetin, as a heat shock protein inhibitor, is loaded into the cavity of mARC. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) siRNA, which regulates the cell proliferation rate, is attached to mARC via electrostatic interactions. Upon exposure to second near‐infrared light, photothermal heat is generated by mARC to induce cytotoxicity to the cancer cell. Meanwhile, quercetin is released to undermine the thermos‐resistance of cancer cells, and IL‐8 siRNA on the mARC surface escapes from endosomes for IL‐8 gene silencing, resulting in highly enhanced PTT. A small animal model is used to study and evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of mARC in vivo. The proposed therapeutic strategy sheds new light on cancer therapy and provides valuable references for future clinical translation.
Surface‐Embedding of Mo Microparticles for Robust and Conductive Biodegradable Fiber Electrodes: Toward 1D Flexible Transient Electronics
Authors: Kim Jinho , Yang Congqi , Yun Taehyun , Woo Seohyun , Kim Hwajoong , Lee Mugeun , Jeong Minji , Ryu Hyeji , Kim Namjung , Park Seongjun , Lee Jaehong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFiber‐based implantable electronics are one of promising candidates for in vivo biomedical applications thanks to their unique structural advantages. However, development of fiber‐based implantable electronic devices with biodegradable capability remains a challenge due to the lack of biodegradable fiber electrodes with high electrical and mechanical properties. Here, a biocompatible and biodegradable fiber electrode which simultaneously exhibits high electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness is presented. The fiber electrode is fabricated through a facile approach that incorporates a large amount of Mo microparticles into outermost volume of a biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber scaffold in a concentrated manner. The biodegradable fiber electrode simultaneously exhibits a remarkable electrical performance (≈43.5 Ω cm−1), mechanical robustness, bending stability, and durability for more than 4000 bending cycles based on the Mo/PCL conductive layer and intact PCL core in the fiber electrode. The electrical behavior of the biodegradable fiber electrode under the bending deformation is analyzed by an analytical prediction and a numerical simulation. In addition, the biocompatible properties and degradation behavior of the fiber electrode are systematically investigated. The potential of biodegradable fiber electrode is demonstrated in various applications such as an interconnect, a suturable temperature sensor, and an in vivo electrical stimulator.
Colossal Dielectric Perovskites of Calcium Copper Titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12) with Low‐Iridium Dopants Enables Ultrahigh Mass Activity for the Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Thao Nguyen Thi Thu , Kim Kwangsoo , Ryu Jeong Ho , An Byeong‐Seon , Nayak Arpan Kumar , Jang Jin Uk , Na Kyeong‐Han , Choi Won‐Youl , Ali Ghulam , Chae Keun Hwa , Akbar Muhammad , Chung Kyung Yoon , Cho Hyun‐Seok , Park Jong Hyeok , Kim Byung‐Hyun , Han HyukSu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic conditions becomes of significant importance for the practical use of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer. In particular, maximizing the mass activity of iridium (Ir) is one of the maiden issues. Herein, the authors discover that the Ir‐doped calcium copper titanate (CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂, CCTO) perovskite exhibits ultrahigh mass activity up to 1000 A gIr−1 for the acidic OER, which is 66 times higher than that of the benchmark catalyst, IrO2. By substituting Ti with Ir in CCTO, metal‐oxygen (M‐O) covalency can be significantly increased leading to the reduced energy barrier for charge transfer. Further, highly polarizable CCTO perovskite referred to as “colossal dielectric”, possesses low defect formation energy for oxygen vacancy inducing a high number of oxygen vacancies in Ir‐doped CCTO (Ir‐CCTO). Electron transfer occurs from the oxygen vacancies and Ti to the substituted Ir consequentially resulting in the electron‐rich Ir and ‐deficient Ti sites. Thus, favorable adsorptions of oxygen intermediates can take place at Ti sites while the Ir ensures efficient charge supplies during OER, taking a top position of the volcano plot. Simultaneously, the introduced Ir dopants form nanoclusters at the surface of Ir‐CCTO, which can boost catalytic activity for the acidic OER.
Reducing Iron Oxide with Ammonia: A Sustainable Path to Green Steel
Authors: Ma Yan , Bae Jae Wung , Kim Se‐Ho , Jovičević‐Klug Matic , Li Kejiang , Vogel Dirk , Ponge Dirk , Rohwerder Michael , Gault Baptiste , Raabe Dierk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIron making is the biggest single cause of global warming. The reduction of iron ores with carbon generates about 7% of the global carbon dioxide emissions to produce ≈1.85 billion tons of steel per year. This dramatic scenario fuels efforts to re‐invent this sector by using renewable and carbon‐free reductants and electricity. Here, the authors show how to make sustainable steel by reducing solid iron oxides with hydrogen released from ammonia. Ammonia is an annually 180 million ton traded chemical energy carrier, with established transcontinental logistics and low liquefaction costs. It can be synthesized with green hydrogen and release hydrogen again through the reduction reaction. This advantage connects it with green iron making, for replacing fossil reductants. the authors show that ammonia‐based reduction of iron oxide proceeds through an autocatalytic reaction, is kinetically as effective as hydrogen‐based direct reduction, yields the same metallization, and can be industrially realized with existing technologies. The produced iron/iron nitride mixture can be subsequently melted in an electric arc furnace (or co‐charged into a converter) to adjust the chemical composition to the target steel grades. A novel approach is thus presented to deploying intermittent renewable energy, mediated by green ammonia, for a disruptive technology transition toward sustainable iron making.
Pressure‐controlled secondary flows and mixing in sheared Platonic solid‐shaped particles
Authors: Hao Jiahui , Guo Yu , Yu Zhaosheng , Curtis Jennifer S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGranular materials exhibit unique secondary flow behaviors upon shearing. We demonstrate, using particle dynamics simulations, that the secondary flow patterns are controlled by a pressure exerted on particle bed. A threshold pressure, at which vortex flow transitions to disturbed or chaotic flow, depends on particle shape, that influences interparticle contacts and rheological performance. Our results show that the flow patterns are essentially determined by a dimensionless term combining pressure and granular temperature for all the spherical and Platonic solid‐shaped particles explored. Particle mixing is promoted by the vortex flow or disturbed flow with strong diffusion. The highest mixing rate under a specified pressure is obtained for cubic particles, due to the significant microstructural ordering near the boundaries causing a high gradient of packing density. These findings shed light on how applied pressure and particle shape affect secondary flows which is critical to the understanding and control of granular mixing.
Policy and practice issues in making an advance care directive with decision making support: A case study
Authors: Sheahan Margo , Bigby Christine , Douglas Jacinta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Medical Treatment Planning and Decisions Act 2016 (Vic) is a step toward law reform to implement supported decision making and the rights of people with disabilities enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The Act includes provisions to enable a person, who might otherwise be assessed as being without decision making capacity, to make an advance care directive with support. This case study explores the implementation of the Act through the experiences of a person with intellectual disability, their medical practitioner and supporter in making an advance care directive. The findings identify shortcomings of the Act that effectively exclude people with severe intellectual disabilities from supported decision making. They illustrate the need for greater institutional support for supported decision making and educational strategies for medical practitioners if the potential of the Act is to be realised for people with intellectual disabilities. Finally, the findings indicate the relevance of the La Trobe Support for Decision Making Practice Framework as a guide to decision support in this context.