bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure investigation, strength assessment, and thermal modelling of concrete exposed to different heating cooling regimes
Authors: Anand N. , Thanaraj Daniel Paul , Andrushia Diana , Lublóy Éva Eszter , Kiran Tattukolla , Kanagaraj Balamurali , Kodur Venkatesh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBuilding fires are sometimes unavoidable due to unexpected accidents. During the fire, the structural elements are exposed to temperatures above 1000 °C. Structural concrete loses its strength and stiffness during the heating and cooling cycle. In most cases, during a real fire, the structural elements are cooled by water quenching. It is rare scenario that, buildings subjected to fire are cooled by natural air without forced water spraying. However, structural concrete’s residual strength (RS) in both cooling cases after the fire incident is entirely different. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to understand concrete’s heating–cooling (H–C) behaviour subjected to standard fire temperature. Concrete with different grades, namely C20, C30, C40, and C50, is considered in the present investigation. Specimens were subjected to higher temperatures following ISO 834 guidelines, and then, temperature-exposed specimens were either cooled by natural air or spraying water. Investigations are carried out to evaluate fire-exposed concrete’s hardened, micro-structural, and thermal performance. The damage intensity of the concrete samples is investigated by observing the thermal crack pattern, crack width, and porosity. Relationships between the temperature exposure and RS of concrete were proposed to predict the RS of fire-affected air- and water-cooled specimens. Based on the results, it is found that water-sprayed specimens exhibit higher strength loss (SL) than natural air cool (AC). The difference in the RS of the two cooling regimes decreases with increase in heating durations. Damage level and intensity of thermal cracks are higher for water-cooled (WL) specimens having higher strength grades.
Nano Pt/TiO2 photocatalyst for ultrafast production of sulfamic acid derivatives using 4-nitroacetanilides as nitrogen precursor in continuous flow reactors
Authors: Mohamed Yasser M. A. , Attia Yasser A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The design of reactors based on high performance photocatalysts is an important research in catalytic hydrogenation. In this work, modification of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was achieved by preparation of Pt/TiO2 nanocomposites (NCs) through photo-deposition method. Both nanocatalysts were used for the photocatalytic removal of SOx from the flue gas at room temperature in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, water, and nitroacetanilide derivatives under visible light irradiation. In this approach, chemical deSOx was achieved along with protection of the nanocatalyst from sulfur poising through the interaction of the released SOx from SOx-Pt/TiO2 surface with p-nitroacetanilide derivatives to produce simultaneous aromatic sulfonic acids. Pt/TiO2 NCs have a bandgap of 2.64 eV in visible light range, which is lower than the bandgap of TiO2 NPs, whereas TiO2 NPs have a mean size of 4 nm and a high specific surface area of 226 m2/g. Pt/TiO2 NCs showed high photocatalytic sulfonation of some phenolic compounds using SO2 as a sulfonating agent along with the existence of p-nitroactanilide derivatives. The conversion of p-nitroacetanilide followed the combination processes of adsorption and catalytic oxidation–reduction reactions. Construction of an online continuous flow reactor–high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry system had been investigated, realizing real-time and automatic monitoring of completion the reaction. 4-nitroacetanilide derivatives (1a-1e) was converted to its corresponding sulfamic acid derivatives (2a–2e) in 93–99% isolated yields of within 60 s. It is expected to offer a great opportunity for ultrafast detection of pharmacophores.
Identification of LSD analogs, 1cP-AL-LAD, 1cP-MIPLA, 1V-LSD and LSZ in sheet products
Authors: Tanaka Rie , Kawamura Maiko , Mizutani Sakumi , Kikura-Hanajiri Ruri 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Many analogs of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have recently appeared as designer drugs around the world. These compounds are mainly distributed as sheet products. In this study, we identified three more newly distributed LSD analogs from paper sheet products.

Methods
The structures of the compounds were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), liquid chromatography–photodiode array–mass spectrometry (LC–PDA–MS), liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–Q-TOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

Results
From the NMR analysis, the compounds in the four products were identified as 4-(cyclopropanecarbonyl)-N,N-diethyl-7-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide (1cP-AL-LAD), 4-(cyclopropanecarbonyl)-N-methyl-N-isopropyl-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo-[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide (1cP-MIPLA), N,N-diethyl-7-methyl-4-pentanoyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide (1V-LSD) and (2’S,4’S)-lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide (LSZ). In comparison with the structure of LSD, 1cP-AL-LAD was converted at the positions at N1 and N6, and 1cP-MIPLA was converted at the positions at N1 and N18. The metabolic pathways and biological activities of 1cP-AL-LAD and 1cP-MIPLA have not been reported.

Conclusions
This is the first report showing that LSD analogs that were converted at multiple positions have been detected in sheet products in Japan. There are concerns about the future distribution of sheet drug products containing new LSD analogs. Therefore, the continuous monitoring for newly detected compounds in sheet products is important.
Colorectal cancer lymph node metastasis prediction with weakly supervised transformer-based multi-instance learning
Authors: Tan Luxin , Li Huan , Yu Jinze , Zhou Haoyi , Wang Zhi , Niu Zhiyong , Li Jianxin , Li Zhongwu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLymph node metastasis examined by the resected lymph nodes is considered one of the most important prognostic factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it requires careful and comprehensive inspection by expert pathologists. To relieve the pathologists’ burden and speed up the diagnostic process, in this paper, we develop a deep learning system with the binary positive/negative labels of the lymph nodes to solve the CRC lymph node classification task. The multi-instance learning (MIL) framework is adopted in our method to handle the whole slide images (WSIs) of gigapixels in size at once and get rid of the labor-intensive and time-consuming detailed annotations. First, a transformer-based MIL model, DT-DSMIL, is proposed in this paper based on the deformable transformer backbone and the dual-stream MIL (DSMIL) framework. The local-level image features are extracted and aggregated with the deformable transformer, and the global-level image features are obtained with the DSMIL aggregator. The final classification decision is made based on both the local and the global-level features. After the effectiveness of our proposed DT-DSMIL model is demonstrated by comparing its performance with its predecessors, a diagnostic system is developed to detect, crop, and finally identify the single lymph nodes within the slides based on the DT-DSMIL and the Faster R-CNN model. The developed diagnostic model is trained and tested on a clinically collected CRC lymph node metastasis dataset composed of 843 slides (864 metastasis lymph nodes and 1415 non-metastatic lymph nodes), achieving the accuracy of 95.3% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9762 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9607–0.9891) for the single lymph node classification. As for the lymph nodes with micro-metastasis and macro-metastasis, our diagnostic system achieves the AUC of 0.9816 (95% CI: 0.9659–0.9935) and 0.9902 (95% CI: 0.9787–0.9983), respectively. Moreover, the system shows reliable diagnostic region localizing performance: the model can always identify the most likely metastases, no matter the model’s predictions or manual labels, showing great potential in avoiding false negatives and discovering incorrectly labeled slides in actual clinical use.
Graphical Abstract
Prospective intraindividual comparison of a standard 2D TSE MRI protocol for ankle imaging and a deep learning-based 2D TSE MRI protocol with a scan time reduction of 48%
Authors: Keller Gabriel , Estler Arne , Herrmann Judith , Afat Saif , Othman Ahmed E. , Nickel Dominik , Koerzdoerfer Gregor , Springer Fabian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan time remains a limited and valuable resource. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of a deep learning (DL)-based accelerated TSE study protocol compared to a standard TSE study protocol in ankle MRI.

Material and methods
Between October 2020 and July 2021 forty-seven patients were enrolled in this study for an intraindividual comparison of a standard TSE study protocol and a DL TSE study protocol either on a 1.5 T or a 3 T scanner. Two radiologists evaluated the examinations regarding structural pathologies and image quality categories (5-point-Likert-scale; 1 = “non diagnostic”, 5 = “excellent”).

Results
Both readers showed almost perfect/perfect agreement of DL TSE with standard TSE in all analyzed structural pathologies (0.81–1.00) with a median “good” or “excellent” rating (4–5/5) in all image quality categories in both 1.5 T and 3 T MRI. The reduction of total acquisition time of DL TSE compared to standard TSE was 49% in 1.5 T and 48% in 3 T MRI to a total acquisition time of 5 min 41 s and 5 min 46 s.

Conclusion
In ankle MRI the new DL-based accelerated TSE study protocol delivers high agreement with standard TSE and high image quality, while reducing the acquisition time by 48%.
The Coincidental Evolution of Virulence Partially Explains the Virulence in a Generalist Entomopathogenic
Authors: Trejo-Meléndez Víctor José , Méndez-López Texca T. , Contreras-Garduño Jorge 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The parasites’ virulence is labile after jumping to a new host species, and it might derivate in gaining virulence against a new host as a side effect of living in a non-host environment (coincidental evolution of virulence hypothesis).

Methods
To test this hypothesis, we monitored the experimental evolution of the Rhabditis regina nematode for over 290 generations (4 years) in three environments (strains): (1) the natural host, Phyllophaga polyphylla, (2) an alternate host, Tenebrio molitor, and (3) saprophytic medium (beef; the food that may provide evidence for the coincidental evolution of virulence). Each strain was exposed to P. polyphylla, T. molitor, or Galleria mellonella. We compared the host survival and immune response (proPO, PO, and lytic activity) of infected versus uninfected hosts.

Results
The saprophytic nematodes gained virulence only against G. mellonella. However, the P. polyphylla strain was more effective in killing P. polyphylla than T. molitor, and the T. molitor strain was more effective against T. molitor than P. polyphylla. Additionally, one dauer larva was sufficient to kill the hosts. Finally, the immune response did not differ between the challenged and control groups.

Conclusion
The coincidental evolution of virulence partially explains our results, but they might also support the short-sighted hypothesis. Additionally, we found evidence for immunomodulation because nematodes passed unnoticed to the immune response. It is crucial to analyze the virulence of entomopathogens from the point of view of the evolution of virulence to be aware of potential scenarios that might limit biological control.
Emergency department direct discharge compared to short-stay unit admission for selected patients with acute heart failure: analysis of short-term outcomes
Authors: Sánchez-Marcos Carolina , Jacob Javier , Llorens Pere , López-Díez María Pilar , Millán Javier , Martín-Sánchez Francisco Javier , Tost Josep , Aguirre Alfons , Juan María Ángeles , Garrido José Manuel , Rodríguez Rafael Calvo , Pérez-Llantada Enrique , Díaz Elena , Sánchez-Nicolás José Andrés , Mir María , Rodríguez-Adrada Esther , Herrero Pablo , Gil Víctor , Roset Alex , Peacock Frank , Miró Òscar ,   The ICASEMES Research Group researchers
Published: February 2023

AbstractShort stay unit (SSU) is an alternative to conventional hospitalization in patients with acute heart failure (AHF), but the prognosis is not known compared to direct discharge from the emergency department (ED). To determine whether direct discharge from the ED of patients diagnosed with AHF is associated with early adverse outcomes versus hospitalization in SSU. Endpoints, defined as 30-day all-cause mortality or post-discharge adverse events, were evaluated in patients diagnosed with AHF in 17 Spanish EDs with an SSU, and compared by ED discharge vs. SSU hospitalization. Endpoint risk was adjusted for baseline and AHF episode characteristics and in patients matched by propensity score (PS) for SSU hospitalization. Overall, 2358 patients were discharged home and 2003 were hospitalized in SSUs. Discharged patients were younger, more frequently men, with fewer comorbidities, had better baseline status, less infection, rapid atrial fibrillation and hypertensive emergency as the AHF trigger, and had a lower severity of AHF episode. While their 30-day mortality rate was lower than in patients hospitalized in SSU (4.4% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001), 30-day post-discharge adverse events were similar (27.2% vs. 28.4%, p = 0.599). After adjustment, there were no differences in the 30-day risk of mortality of discharged patients (adjusted HR 0.846, 95% CI 0.637–1.107) or adverse events (1.035, 0.914–1.173). In 337 pairs of PS-matched patients, there were no differences in mortality or risk of adverse event between patients directly discharged or admitted to an SSU (0.753, 0.409–1.397; and 0.858, 0.645–1.142; respectively). Direct ED discharge of patients diagnosed with AHF provides similar outcomes compared to patients with similar characteristics and hospitalized in a SSU.
Outcomes of continuous flow left ventricular assist device after surgical left ventricular restoration
Authors: Gyoten Takayuki , Ono Minoru 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to report the clinical outcomes of continuous flow left ventricular assist device implantation in end-stage chronic heart failure patients with a history of surgical left ventricular restoration.

Methods
We retrospectively identified 190 patients undergoing continuous flow left ventricular assist device implantation at our center from November 2007 to April 2020. In total, six patients underwent continuous flow left ventricular assist device implantation after various types of surgical left ventricular restoration procedures, including endoventricular circular patch plasty (n = 3), posterior restoration procedure (n = 2), and septal anterior ventricular exclusion (n = 1).

Results
Continuous flow left ventricular assist device (Jarvik 2000, n = 2; EVAHEART, n = 1; HeartMate II, n = 1; DuraHeart, n = 1; HVAD, n = 1) was successfully implanted in all patients. During a median follow-up of 48 months (interquartile range, 39–60 months; censoring heart transplantation), no death was documented, which means that overall survival after left ventricular assist device implantation was 100% at any time point. Finally, three patients received heart transplantation (waiting time: 39, 56, and 61 months, respectively) and the other three patients are still awaiting heart transplantation (waiting time: 12, 41, and 76 months, respectively).

Conclusions
In our series, continuous flow left ventricular assist device implantation after surgical left ventricular restoration was safe and feasible, even if an endoventricular patch was used, and effective for bridge to transplant strategy.
Role of Hounsfield Unit in Predicting Outcomes of Shock Wave Lithotripsy for Renal Calculi: Outcomes of a Systematic Review
Authors: Garg Megha , Johnson Hans , Lee Su-min , Rai Bhavan Prasad , Somani Bhaskar , Philip Joe 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy success rates depend on several stone and patient-related factors, one of which is stone density which is calculated on computed tomography scan in Hounsfield Units. Studies have shown inverse correlation between SWL success and HU; however, there remains considerable variation between studies. We performed a systematic review regarding the use of HU in SWL for renal calculi to consolidate the current evidence and address current knowledge gaps.

Recent Findings
Database including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched from inception through August 2022. Studies in English language analysing stone density/attenuation in adult patients undergoing SWL for renal calculi were included for assessment of Shockwave lithotripsy outcomes, use of stone attenuation to predict success, use of mean and peak stone density and Hounsfield unit density, determination of optimum cut-off values, nomograms/scoring systems, and assessment of stone heterogeneity. 28 studies with a total of 4,206 patients were included in this systematic review with sample size ranging from 30 to 385 patients. Male to female ratio was 1.8, with an average age of 46.3 years. Mean overall ESWL success was 66.5%. Stone size ranged from 4 to 30 mm in diameter. Mean stone density was used by two-third of the studies to predict the appropriate cut-off for SWL success, ranging from 750 to 1000 HU. Additional factors such as peak HU and stone heterogeneity index were also evaluated with variable results. Stone heterogeneity index was considered a better indicator for success in larger stones (cut-off value of 213) and predicting SWL stone clearance in one session. Prediction scores had been attempted, with researchers looking into combining stone density with other factors such as skin to stone distance, stone volume, and differing heterogeneity indices with variable results.

Summary
Numerous studies demonstrate a link between shockwave lithotripsy outcomes and stone density. Hounsfield unit < 750 has been found to be associated with shockwave lithotripsy success, with likelihood of failure strongly associated with values over 1000. Prospective standardisation of Hounsfield unit measurement and predictive algorithm for shockwave lithotripsy outcome should be considered to strengthen future evidence and help clinicians in the decision making.

Trial Registration
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database: CRD42020224647
Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic One-Stage Resection of Left Atrial Myxoma and Right Upper Lobectomy for Lung Cancer: Case Report
Authors: Chen Xiaofan , Li Weidong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe report a case of a 74-year-old man with diagnosis of concomitant primary cardiac tumor and right upper lobe of lung cancer. Both tumors were evaluated to be resectable with no further metastasis. A one-stage resection of both tumors through right mini-thoracotomy with endoscopic assistance was performed. The cardiac tumor resection during cardiopulmonary bypass was performed first, followed by right upper lobectomy and lymph nodes dissection with the same incision and position. Short-term results were satisfying and previous literature was reviewed to evaluate this method.
CRISPR-Fortschritte — Schnitt für Schnitt zu neuen Möglichkeiten
Authors: Pakari Kaisa , Wittbrodt Joachim , Thumberger Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 systems and recently established base editors are essential tools for precise, targeted genome editing for translational and basic research applications. Here we present small, easily combined improvements to reach editing versatility and enhanced efficiency. This is achieved by improved nuclear localization of Cas9, protected DNA sequences for homology directed repair and a combinatorial use of base editors to reach initially inaccessible target sites.
Transformation from a global spherical to an adjusted local rectangular harmonic model
Authors: Panou Georgios , Korakitis Romylos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis work presents a technique to transform a global spherical to an adjusted local rectangular harmonic model. First, the mathematical form of a global spherical harmonic model is presented. Second, the necessary conversion from global (geocentric) into local rectangular coordinates is given. Third, Laplace’s equation is solved by the method of separation of variables in local rectangular coordinates and its solutions in different functional forms are presented. Then, the estimation of the coefficients of these mathematical models by a least squares’ adjustment process is described, using as data the values of the disturbing potential of the Earth’s gravity field. The strategy for the selection of the best mathematical model for a successful transformation is described and validated in different case studies. These refer to areas in Greece, China and Germany and include comparisons with other models or methods. The results show the applicability of the presented transformation and confirm its advantages.
“I Always Knew I Was Different”: Experiences of Receiving a Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Adulthood—a Meta-Ethnographic Systematic Review
Authors: Gellini Hannah , Marczak Magda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA broadening of diagnostic criteria and increased awareness of autism has led to a large number of individuals whose difficulties remained undetected until adulthood. This systematic review aimed to synthesise empirical evidence of the experience of individuals who received their diagnosis of autism in adulthood. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. A meta-ethnographic approach was used to synthesise the findings. Analysis revealed two meta-themes: feeling “like an alien” and the “not guilty” verdict, each with three associated subthemes. The findings indicate the need for timely diagnosis and provision of post-diagnostic support to alleviate the mental health implications of not having a framework to understand one’s experiences and to support the process of adjustment to the diagnosis.