bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological and molecular study of mycotic abortion in ewes
Authors: Faris Bushra Hamza , Alwan Mohammed J. , Abdulmajeed Ban Abbass 
Published: August 2023

The aims of the present study is to isolate the fungal species associated with ewe abortion and to examine the histopathological changes in the placenta associated with fungal isolates .In addition to study the genetic information of TNF alpha gene, intensity and score of TNF-alpha protein in aborted and normal placenta by PCR and IHC respectivly. Frozen placental tissue and paraffin embedded tissue belong to aborted and normal groups were used for assessment of TNF alpha gene by studying the genetic information of TNF-alpha gene in aborted and normal placental sample by PCR .immmunohistochemical study was carried out to determine TNF protein in the placental sample. The same frozen placenta tissue samples were also used for DNA extraction to detect TNF alpha gene in the two groups. A fragment of (238 bp ) of the TNF alpha gene was amplified by PCR using primers ,the sequence of sense and antisense primer for TNF alpha gene was: GAA TAC CTG GAC TAT GCC GA,CC TCA CTT CCC TAC ATC CCT (bp 238) Gene Bank: X56756. The study showed that 10 fungal species were isolated from aborted placenta with high percentage of these isolates was recorded in March ,.The fungal isolates were variable according to region of sample collecting ,high percentage in the AL-Manathera(36%),followed by Al-Kuzweenia (34%) and Al-Shabaka(30%).The fungal isolates include Coccidioides immitis (16%). Asperigllus.fumigitus (14%), Trichophyton, Rhodetella rubra, and Aspergillus.ochraus ,(10%) for each one . Candida kruzei,(8%). Aspergillus.flavus and Geotrichum ,6%) for each one . Prototheca..zopfi, Saccharomyces.cerevisia, Blast.capitatuss, Cryptococcus uniguttultus and Candida zeylanoides,(4%) for each one . This study revealed the presence of ~238bp band in addition to the ~300 ,400 and 600 bp desired fragment in PCR products that related to aborted samples compared to normal one .,this may be due to polymorphism within the TNF gene itself. We found a significant elevated TNF alpha protein in inflammatory cell (macrophage) of aborted sheep placenta (increasing of intensity and score), while no changes could be observed for pro-inflammatory molecules in the control sample (normal delivery) The current study expressed correlation between polymorphisms in TNF- alpha gene ,immunohistochimistry and the fungal isolated species. The histopathological examination showed acute suppurative placentitis, necrosis of chorion villi, congestion of blood vessels with fibrin deposition in the villus stroma and inter villus space, in addition to calcification in the villus stroma and sloughing and desquamation of cytotrophoblast .numerous yeast and spheriols were detected in the placental tissue by periodic acid Schiff reaction(PAS).
Diagnostic Study of the Mange Mites Infestation in Sheep in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province
Authors: Abbas AL-Kardi Ihsan Khudhair 
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to isolate and diagnose species of mites that cause mange in sheep and investigate percentages of infestation in different regions of AL- Najaf Province and also the effects of age, sex of animals on the prevalence of the disease were studied . The results of the microscopical examination of the skin scraping were revealed that 54 of the sheep were infested with mites with an overall percentage of infestation 7.17%. In this study one genus of mange mites were recorded that parasitized sheep Psoroptes communis var ovis which found on back, shoulder, fat tail regions of animal body. The prevalence of the infestation was highest in sheep older than two years (9.02%) and the lowest in sheep with age younger than two years (1.9%). The prevalence of mange mites in male sheep was 0.8% versus 8.2% in females. Statistically there were significant differences (P>0.05) according to the age and sex of animals and the differences in percentages of infestation were significant ( p< 0.05) according to different regions of study. The gross pathological changes of the mange mites on the infested skin were the laceration of epidermis with a scar formation and the skin’s loss of flexibility, toughness with sclerosis, fissuring and dryness, and the highest regions of animal body infestation by Psoroptes were the back , shoulder and fat tail .
Clinical and biochemical studies on zinc deficiency (hypozincemia) of goat and sheep
Authors: Khaleel Khaleel Zainel 
Published: August 2023

Clinical, and some biochemical parameters have been studied in local sheep and goat affected naturally with hypozincemia in Al-Najaf province, Iraq. The study was conducted on 25 local Iraqi sheep and 15 goat, the age of these animals were between 1-2 year old. Twenty clinical healthy sheep of the same ages were used as control. Affected sheep and goat showed signs of alopecia (36.36% , 27.27% ) abnormal skin (rough, thickened, wrinkled, cracked and dandruff ) (45.45% , 27.27% ), paleness of mucous membranes (63.63% , 36.36% ), loss of appetite (63.63% , 36.36% ), decreased growth rate (36.36% , 18.18% ), swelling of joints (18.18% , 9.09%) and pica (9.09% , 9.09% ) respectively. No significant difference has been detected in body temperature, whereas respiratory and heart rates were significantly increased in affected animals in comparison with control. The biochemical results revealed significant decrease in serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase level in diseased animals than in control one.
Epidemiological study for Toxoplasmosis andLeishmaniasis in stray dogs in Diwaniya city/Iraq
Authors: Jassem Ghydaa Abass 
Published: August 2023

A total of 175 blood sample of stray dogs from urban and rural in Diwaniya city /Iraq were examined for detection of Toxoplasmosis by Latex test and dipstick test to visceral Leishmaniasis , with Mercaptoethanol test to detect acute and chronic infection for both disease. The total rate infection that recorded was 48% positive to Toxoplasmosis in urban and rural , 63% acute and 36.9% chronic to the disease in urban and rural , and from the total 45% was acute in female with 51.6% acute in male . In conclusion of samples recorded 46.8% positive for Leishmaniasis in urban and rural, 28% Acute and 71.9% chronic for disease . According to the sex 64.4% female acute and 35.5% chronic for disease with 45.9% Male acute and 54% chronic for disease , the mixed infection of Leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis show 42.6% in urban and 18%in rural .
Evaluation levels of IgG and some biochemical parameters in water buffalos vaccinated with HS vaccine in Al-Qassem Town
Authors: AbedAli Basim H. , Ulaiwi Hassan Kh. , Jaber Ali H. 
Published: August 2023

The current study was conducted on sixteen water buffalos to evaluate some serum enzymes, metabolic product, bilirubin and minerals during the last period of pregnancy and the effect of pregnancy on level of IgG after immunization with HS vaccine. The buffalos were divided equally into two groups: pregnant group (P) and control group (C), each group included eight buffalo. Thirty two blood samples were taken buffalos, sixteen samples from each group; between each drew one month intervals. All buffalos of group (P) were in the last period of pregnancy. The buffalos were vaccinated with HS vaccine. Bilirubin,Alanine Aminotransferase ( ALT), gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), potassium (K+), Creatinine and urea were examined by using Reflatron apparatus, as well as IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion plate (IgG RID). The results revealed that there were no difference between levels of bilirubin in treated (0.670±0.057) and control (0.762± 0.151) group, ALT levels showed a significant differences between pregnancy group (10,42±0.481) and control group (24.92±0.507), GGT levels revealed no significant differences between pregnancy (7.23±0.59) and control (7.57±0.92), the levels of K+ revealed slightly difference between Pregnancy (5.58±0.96) and control (3.67±0.48), creatinine levels in pregnancy group also showed mild increase in levels (5.66±0.83) as compared with control group (2.63±0.64), while serum urea concentrations were within the normal rang (50 mg/dl±0.72).The result showed that there were a significant differences between the first and second intervals of study (P<0.05). The mean of IgG protein concentrations were (677.076±0.79 mg/dl). The conclusion that the concentrations of IgG in pregnant buffalo vaccinated with HS was not affected by pregnancy and remained within normal values during the last period of pregnancy, while some parameters including liver enzymes, kidney bilirubin and minerals function affected more than others during last period of pregnancy, while the IgG concentrations were still within normal levels during pregnancy periods.
The effect of Simvastatin in attenuation of Myocardial Ischemia/ Reperfusion injury
Authors: Hadi Najah Raiesh , Yousif Fadhil Ghaly , Zamil Suhaad Traiji 
Published: August 2023

Background: Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion represents a clinically relevant problem associated with thrombolysis, angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. Injury of myocardium due to ischemia–reperfusion includes cardiac contractile dysfunction, arrhythmias as well as irreversible myocytes damage.Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of simvastatin in amelioration of myocardial I/R injury induced by ligation of coronary artery in a rat model. Materials & methods: adult male Swiss Albino rats were randomized into 4 equal groups. Group (I) sham group: rats underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedure as the control group except ligation of LAD coronary artery , Group(II) control group: rats subjected to regional ischemia for 25 min by ligation of LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours ,Group(III ) control vehicle group: rats received vehicle of simvastatin (normal saline) via I.P injection and subjected to regional ischemia for 25 min by ligation of LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours , Group(IV) simvastatin treated group :rats pretreated with simvastatin 1mg/kg i.p 1 hr before ligation of LAD coronary artery. At the end of experiment (2 hr of reperfusion), the heart was harvested and the part of the heart just below the site of ligation was divided into two parts ,the upper part was homogenized for the measurement of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the lower part of tissues fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) then used for histopathological study .Results: Compared with the sham group, levels of myocardial IL-1β, were increased (p<0.001) in the control group. Simvastatin significantly counteract the increase in myocardium level of IL-1B (P < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed that simvastatin markedly reduced (P < 0.001) the severity of cardiac injury in the rats underwent LAD ligation procedure .Conclusions:The results of the present study reveal that simvastatin may ameliorate myocardial I/R injury in rats via interfering with inflammatory responses which induced by I/R injury.
The study of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of magnesium sulfate in rats following cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Al-Mudhafar Ahmed MH 
Published: August 2023

Background and objective: Magnesium sulfate has neuroprotective effects and decrease overall neuronal firing. It is also decrease firing of excitable tissues outside the brain. It is not known whether this neuroprotective effect is due to antioxidant effect, anti-inflammatory or other mechanism. In this research we study the anti-inflammatory effect of magnesium sulfate in rat brain following ischemia reperfusion stress.Material and methods: Twenty four rats were grouped into 4 groups: The first (sham group), the second (control) and the third group(control-vehicle) and the forth (treated with Magnesium sulfate). Animals in the second group underwent bilateral common carotid artery ligation without treatment, whereas the forth group were injected with magnesium sulfate 250mg/kg intraperitoneally before procedure. Blood samples were taken after the procedure for measurement of serum level of IL-9, MCP-1 and ICAM.Results: Serum level of IL-9 in control group was 163.3 ± 30.4 pg/mL and it significantly decreased in magnesium sulfate treated group (21.8 ± 1.72 pg/mL). serum level of MCP-1 in the control group was 109.05 ± 18.2 pg/mL while it significantly reduced in magnesium sulfate treated group (38.16 ± 3.54 pg/mL). mean serum levels of ICAM of control was 362.8 ± 26.81 pg/mL while mean serum level of ICAM in treated group was 35.5 ± 4.71 pg/mL.Conclusion: magnesium sulfate significantly decreases the inflammatory markers IL-9, MCP-1 and ICAM in global ischemia model in rats.
Some aspects of histological alteration in the tapeworm Hymenolepis nana infected white mice by transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Taher Jasim Hameed 
Published: August 2023

This transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study has shown that the all of sections were obtained from tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana infection which were administered by eggs to white mice at 28 days of age, except in the case of cortisone- treated mice, in which infection was carried out at 38 day of age . The appearance of the brush border does not vary with the age of the worm, nor does treatment with cortisone affect it . The same may be said of distal cytoplasm . There is, however, a dramatic change in the appearance of the perinuclear layer . In older worms (45 day) the number of nuclei is reduced and those which remain are dark in colour . Unidentified structures, which appear to be abnormal, granulated mitochondria, are seen, and lipids accumulate both within and around the cells . Older worms from with cortisone - treated mice also have an altered perinuclear layer, but the changes are different . All of the normal structure are present, but they look as though they are dying because their membranes have a tendency to collapse . As in older worm from hosts which were not treated with cortisone, there was an increase in oil droplets .
The effect of different concentration of Ethyl alcohol on the seminiferous tubules of the mature rabbits.Histo-physiological study
Authors: Dawood Enaam .Mahdi 
Published: August 2023

This study was applied to investigate the effect of different concentration of ethyl alcohol on seminiferous tubules in adult male rabbits . the study was conducted on the eighteen mature male rabbits were divided randomly into three groups ,each group have six animals first and second treated group were injected subcutaneously (S/C) four milliliter ethyl alcohol (15%), eight milliliter ethyl alcohol (25%) respectively for period (six) weeks as one dose every 48 hours, The third group was the control which treated with distil water at the same doses of treated groups . The result showed :-1.First group was revealed increase in mean diameter of seminiferous tubules (250.75 ± 7.8) micrometer, and decrease in testosterone level ( 18.85 ± 10.52) microgram/milliter. as compared with the control group(distil water).2. The first and second treated groups were observed impairment in spermatogenic process due to reduction of the testosterone level.3. Significant increase (P<0.05) in the mean diameter of seminiferous tubules in the second treated group that reached to ( 280 ± 6.85) micrometer. when compared with control group.4.Degenerative changes and necrosis were occurs in the spermatogenic cells in the first and second treated groups when compared with control group.
Histopathological Study Of The Effect Of Low Level Laser And Biatain Ag Non-Adhesive Dressing On The Avulsion Wound Healing In Rabbits
Authors: Hashim Ammar Maatoq , Naeem Luay Ahmed , Kadhim Saleh , A Sahi Majeed,Abdulbari 
Published: August 2023

The aims of this study was to compare between the effect of Low level Laser and Biatain Ag non-adhesive dressing on healing of avulsion wound in rabbits. Eighteen adult healthy rabbits were used. It is divided in to two equal groups , Laser group , and Biatain Ag group, also each group divide into three equal sub group for histopathological study at 1 week , 2 week and 3 week post operation. The avulsion wound was done on the back(dorsal) after general anesthesia by blade 1 cm . post-operation , in laser group, the rabbits were exposed to low level laser for 5 minute/daily to period 1week, 2week ,3week continuously , but in Biatain Ag group, the avulsion wound was dressing by Biatain Ag non-adhesive dressing and it fixed on wound by blaster and continuous to 1week, 2week, 3week.The histopathological examination appear in first week, both groups showed ulceration but in biotin group showed more ulceration than laser group. In two week, laser group some animals showed absence of ulceration with dermal fibrosis. In two week, in biatain group showed reduce the size ulcer with dermal fibrosis. In three week, laser group showed complete healing with moderate thickening of epidermis and hyperkeratosis with dermal fibrosis. While biatain group showed complete healing with marked dermal fibrosis but presence of foci of hair folliculitis. Conclusion In two week, laser group all showed healing of ulcer except one animal while biatain group there was only reduce size of ulcer but not complete healing..
Molecular Diagnosis of CoccidioidesPosadasii from Aborted Placenta of Ewes by RT-PCR
Authors: Fares BushraHamza , Abdulmajeed Ban A. , Mejbel Hameed Abdulhussein 
Published: August 2023

Diagnosis of diseases depends on histology using formaldehyde-fixed paraffin embedded tissue .The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)helps the pathologists to confirm the diagnosis of many disease including mycotic infections.Aborted placentas from 40 ewes were formalin fixed, paraffin embedded and sectioned. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosine, and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) for histopathology examination. Fresh tissue parts were cultivated ,subjected to DNA extraction for the purpose of real-time PCR amplification.Histopathological examination of placental tissue revealed extensive necrotizing placentitis with the presence of spherule of CoccidioidesPosadasiiin the necrotic area. Only eight samples gave positive growth for coccidioidesPosadasii out of forty aborted placental samples.DNA amplification by real-time PCR revealed positive amplification for the eight samples which confirmed the detection of coccidiodesposadasii.
Study the Effect of Protexin® as a Probiotic and levamisole on The Immunity of Broilers
Authors: Khammas Emad J. , AL-saigh Haider A.H. 
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Protexin® and levamisole as an immune modulator. A total of 125 unsexed (Ross 308) broiler chicks with an average initial body weight of 43g to all chicks at the age of one day were randomly divided into five equally treated groups (25 chicks per pen ).Group 1 was considered as control group fed with commercial ration without any additives, group 2 was fed with commercial ration with the addition (daily) of 1g protexin® /liter of drinking water 1- 10 days, 1g protexin /2 liters of drinking water 10-20 days and 1g protexin® /4 liters of drinking water 20 day- end of the study, group 3 was fed with commercial ration with the addition (each 3 days a week) of 1g protexin® /liter of drinking water 1- 10 days, 1g protexin® /2 liters of drinking water 10-20 days and 1g protexin® /4 liters of drinking water 20- end of the study, group 4 was fed with commercial ration with the addition of levamisole 10 µg/kg B.w. daily, group 5 was fed with commercial ration with the addition of levamisole 10 µg/kg b.w. 3 days a week. The experiment lasted for five weeks (35 days). Chicks were vaccinated against New castle disease (ND) on age ( 10,20,30) days , by drinking water method, also vaccinated against Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) on age (14) days by drinking water method. At days 1, 12, 22 and 35 blood samples were collected to estimate the immune response by ELISA test for ND and at 35 day for IBD. The titer of antibody (Ab) increased significantly (P ≤0.05) against NDV and IBD in G2 (Protexin® daily) as compared with G1(control group) at the age of 22 and 35days.
Evaluation of using some medical herbs seeds as feed supplementation and their effects on the activity of some enzymes and hormones on male Awassi lambs
Authors: Al-dain QussayZaki Shams , Jarjeis Essam Abdal-wahaid 
Published: August 2023

Twenty four male Awassi lambs aged 3.5-4 months were assigned into four main treatment groups .The 1st treatment was fed on control ration only, while 2nd,3rd and 4th treatments were fed adlibitum on control ration and supplemented with 600 mg/kg.B.W. /day of black cumin or fenugreek or rocket seeds respectively, for four months.The blood samples were collected to measurement the activities of ALT, AST and ALP enzymes and Triiodothyronine,Thyroxin and Testosterone hormones.The Results indicated that activities of ALT and AST enzymes were increased significantly(P≤0.05) in T2 and T3,respectively,while the activity of ALP enzyme was increased significantly(P≤0.05) in T4 as compared to those in T1. The activities of Triiodothyronine and Thyroxin hormones were increased significantly(P≤0.05) in T2 ,T3 and T4, respectively, also the activity of Testosterone hormone was increased significantly(P≤0.05) in T2 and T4 ,respectively, as compared to those in T1.Also the activities of ALT, ALP and Testosterone were increased significantly (P≤0.05), while the activities of Triiodothyronine and Thyroxin was decreased significantly (P≤0.05) as lambs get older. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of supplementation of black cumin or fenugreek or rocketseeds to the rations on the activity of some enzymes and hormones in blood of male Awassi lambs.
Comparative study among aqueous, hexane extracts of sweet almond (Prunusamygdalus) with Atorvastatin for treating hyperlipidemia induced in mice
Authors: Kafi Lubna A. , Al- Ezzi Noor TH. N. 
Published: August 2023

This research was developed to find out the treatment impact of aqueous and hexane extracts of sweet almond (Prunusamygdalus) on some biological indicators related to hyperlipidemia that induced inmiceand comparative with Atorvastatin which was dried and grinded by an electrical grinder to form fine crude powderthat extracted by two ways:by using 95% hexaneandwaterby using thedistilledwater with Soxhlet apparatus, (40) of mature mice were randomly separated into 8 categories (5 mouse per group) and treated every day for 60 days, the first group was fed and drank normally and regarded as a negative control group (NC1), a second group was given polypropylene glycol offered as negative control group (NC2), third group was given normal water containing 0.5% of hydrogen peroxide and 1% of cholesterol in the feed for 60 days for induction of hyperlipidemia and offered as positive control group (PC), hyperlipidemia was induced in the other five categories as in the third group.Treated hyperlipidemia by hexane extract at a dose of 500 mg/ kg of body weight and aqueous extract of sweet almond with three different doses (500, 750 and 1000) mg/ kg of bodyweight and compared with the other groups that treated with atorvastatin (Lipitor) ® 20 mg/ kg B.W. as antihyperlipidemic drug. The outcomes discovered that oral dosing with extracts of sweet almond and medication therapy led to acquire beneficial changes in the parameters, which were showed incident of a significant decrease (P<0.05) at a concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and atherogenic index (AI) in serum, moreover to a significant improved (P<0.05) in the concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum reduced glutathione (GSH) comparedwithuntreated group and has been proven that a dose of 1000 mg/kg of aqueous extracts of sweet almond was the best in therapy.