bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Bone Material Strength Index Is Positively Associated With the Risk of Incident Osteoporotic Fractures in Older Swedish Women
Authors: Jaiswal Raju , Zoulakis Michail , Axelsson Kristian F , Darelid Anna , Rudäng Robert , Sundh Daniel , Litsne Henrik , Johansson Lisa , Lorentzon Mattias 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
No previous studies have investigated the association between the bone material strength index (BMSi; an indicator of bone material properties obtained by microindentation) and the risk of incident fracture. The primary purpose of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate if BMSi is associated with incident osteoporotic fracture in older women and, secondarily, with prevalent fractures, anthropometric traits, or measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In a population-based cohort, 647 women aged 75 to 80 years underwent bone microindentation using the OsteoProbe device. Data on clinical risk factors (CRFs), prevalent fractures, and incident fractures were collected using questionnaires, medical records, and a regional X-ray archive. BMD and vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) were assessed by DXA (Hologic, Discovery A). Associations between BMSi, anthropometrics, BMD, and prevalent fractures were investigated using correlation and linear and logistic regression. Cox proportional hazards and competing risks analysis by Fine and Gray were used to study the association between BMSi and the risk of fracture and mortality. BMSi was weakly associated with age (r = −0.13, p &lt; 0.001) and BMI (r = −0.21, p &lt; 0.001) and with BMD of lumbar spine (β = 0.09, p = 0.02) and total hip (β = 0.08, p = 0.05), but only after adjustments. No significant associations were found between BMSi and prevalent fractures (self-reported and/or VFA identified, n = 332). During a median follow-up time of 6.0 years, 121 major osteoporotic fractures (MOF), 151 any fractures, and 50 deaths occurred. Increasing BMSi (per SD) was associated with increased risk of MOF (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.56), any fracture (HR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.09–1.53), and mortality (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.07–1.93). The risk of fracture did not materially change with adjustment for confounders, CRFs, femoral neck BMD, or when considering the competing risk of death. In conclusion, unexpectedly increasing BMSi was associated with greater fracture risk. The clinical relevance and potential mechanisms of this finding require further study. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Revisiting the benefits of isovolemic hemodilution red cell exchange for sickle cell disease
Authors: Reddy Manasa S. , Alkashash Ahmad , Nord Andrew , Tetrick Anne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIsovolemic hemodilution red cell exchange (IHD‐RCE) is a modified form of the standard red cell exchange (STD‐RCE), intended to reduce red cell requirements in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). This retrospective crossover analysis of nine patients aims to add to the limited existing literature on IHD‐RCE and address the equipoise regarding whether the benefits of (a) decreased RBC usage per exchange and (b) increased interprocedure interval (via lower fraction of cells remaining, FCR) can be observed at the same time, in the same patient.MethodsAt a single center, we identified 37 patients with SCD undergoing chronic RCE between 2014 and 2021. We excluded those patients who did not have at least six consecutive procedures of each type (STD‐ and IHD‐RCE), arriving at nine patients for analysis.ResultsWhen using greater decreases in hematocrit than previously published, we did not find that IHD‐RCE resulted in any clinically apparent adverse events. We did find greater decreases in diastolic blood pressure and increases in heart rate in some patients, as compared to STD‐RCE. After correcting for total blood volume, seven of the nine patients had significantly reduced red cell requirements with each IHD‐RCE. Because the pattern of achieving a lower FCR than programmed was seen to an equal extent with both IHD‐RCE and STD‐RCE, none of the nine patients showed any statistical difference in actual FCR between procedure types.DiscussionOur data do not support the observation of both IHD‐RCE benefits, decreased red cell usage per exchange and lower FCR/increased interprocedure interval, simultaneously.
GPU‐specific algorithms for improved solute sampling in grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Zhao Mingtian , Kognole Abhishek A. , Jo Sunhwan , Tao Aoxiang , Hazel Anthony , MacKerell Alexander D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) ensemble defined by the excess chemical potential, μex, volume, and temperature, in the context of molecular simulations allows for variations in the number of particles in the system. In practice, GCMC simulations have been widely applied for the sampling of rare gasses and water, but limited in the context of larger molecules. To overcome this limitation, the oscillating μex GCMC method was introduced and shown to be of utility for sampling small solutes, such as formamide, propane, and benzene, as well as for ionic species such as monocations, acetate, and methylammonium. However, the acceptance of GCMC insertions is low, and the method is computationally demanding. In the present study, we improved the sampling efficiency of the GCMC method using known cavity‐bias and configurational‐bias algorithms in the context of GPU architecture. Specifically, for GCMC simulations of aqueous solution systems, the configurational‐bias algorithm was extended by applying system partitioning in conjunction with a random interval extraction algorithm, thereby improving the efficiency in a highly parallel computing environment. The method is parallelized on the GPU using CUDA and OpenCL, allowing for the code to run on both Nvidia and AMD GPUs, respectively. Notably, the method is particularly well suited for GPU computing as the large number of threads allows for simultaneous sampling of a large number of configurations during insertion attempts without additional computational overhead. In addition, the partitioning scheme allows for simultaneous insertion attempts for large systems, offering considerable efficiency. Calculations on the BK Channel, a transporter, including a lipid bilayer with over 760,000 atoms, show a speed up of ~53‐fold through the use of system partitioning. The improved algorithm is then combined with an enhanced μex oscillation protocol and shown to be of utility in the context of the site‐identification by ligand competitive saturation (SILCS) co‐solvent sampling approach as illustrated through application to the protein CDK2.
Laboratory diagnosis of heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: A retrospective experience
Authors: Herb Agathe , Depierreux Mathilde , Wimmer Jordan , Rolland Delphine , Tebacher Martine , Lambert Aude , Ladhari Chayma , Cristinar Mircea , Delabranche Xavier , Krummel Thierry , Paya Dominique , Schenck Maleka , Mauvieux Laurent , Sattler Laurent 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHeparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe complication of heparin therapy associated with thrombosis that requires a quick diagnosis. Therefore, laboratory assays must provide an accurate and swift answer. This work aims to evaluate the performances of an ELISA assay, especially when combined with 4T risk score, and a functional assay.MethodsData were collected for 894 patients treated by heparin who underwent anticoagulant switch because of HIT suspicion and were examined by a multidisciplinary expert team who confirmed or ruled out HIT diagnosis. All patients were tested for anti‐PF4 IgG with Asserachrom HPIA IgG (ELISA), and 307 were tested with a platelet aggregation test done on platelet‐rich plasma (PRP‐PAT). The 4T risk score was available for 607 of them.ResultsHIT was diagnosed in 232 patients. 4T risk score had a 94.2% negative predictive value (NPV) for risk scores ≤3 and 77.3% for risk scores ≤5. The sensitivity of ELISA was 90.9%, its specificity 79.0%, and its NPV 96.1%. When combined with 4T risk score, its NPV reached 100% and 97% for risk scores ≤3 and ≤5, respectively. PRP‐PAT sensitivity was 70.4%, and its specificity was 92.3%. Combination of ELISA and PRP‐PAT had a 0.7% false‐negative rate.ConclusionThis study shows that ELISA can rule out HIT with an excellent NPV, especially when combined with the 4T risk score. Nonetheless, it has low specificity; hence, it needs to be associated with a functional assay.
A scoping review of the structuring of questions about sexual orientation and gender identity
Authors: Young Sarah K. , Bond Meg A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this scoping review is to map the extent of the current research on how to best structure questions asking respondents to self‐identify their sexual orientation and gender identity and to ascertain what further issues about measurement need to be explored. Using the Arksey and O'Malley framework for scoping reviews, 52 articles describing primary research about how to structure sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) questions, published in the years 2000–2021, were identified and analyzed. The domain of sexuality being asked about (e.g., self‐label vs. behavior) needs to be clarified, and gender identity should be asked through a multipart item differentiating current identity from the sex assigned at birth. The terms used in the response options should be defined and may vary based on the study population or context. Contrary to expectations given the wide range of question formats currently being used in the field, there is considerable consensus around the basic tenets for structuring questions designed to assess SOGI dimensions.
Design, synthesis, and anti‐breast cancer activity evaluation of endoperoxide‐type pyrido/pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Song Yu‐Yang , Xia Kai , Wu Xiao‐Qiang , Zeng Chang‐Guang , Tang Shu‐Ai , Yuan Yue , Gui Yu‐Ting , Zhang Xiao‐Han , Zhong Hang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK 4/6) overactivation in breast cancer cells has given birth to the successful development of CDK 4/6 inhibitors. Based on the intrinsic relationship of CDK 4/6 and cyclin D, we designed and synthesized a series of endoperoxide‐type pyrido/pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives via extracting active fragments from canonical CDK 4/6 inhibitors and endoperoxide‐type natural products such as artemisinin and plakortin. Eleven novel endoperoxide‐type hybrids were synthesized and characterized by mass spectrometry (MS), high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), hydrogen‐1 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) data. Antiproliferative activities and CDK 4/6 inhibitory effects of target compounds were evaluated via T47D, MDA‐MB‐436 breast cancer cell lines, and CDK6/cyclin D3 kinase respectively. The results showed that S1 and Y7 were the most potent compounds against CDK6/cyclin D3 kinase, with Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.126 ± 0.022 and 0.109 ± 0.007 μM respectively, they were about a half or third as potent as positive control palbociclib (0.045 μM). The antiproliferative effects of S2 were close to positive controls palbociclib and ribociclib, with Growth inhibitory dose 50% (GI50) values of 8.42 ± 0.93 and 18.74 ± 1.78 μM towards T47D cells and MDA‐MB‐436 cells respectively. Finally, antiproliferative activities against MCF‐10A cells indicated that our newly synthesized compounds were harmless to normal human mammary epithelial cells.
Categorising households based on shock severity experience: The effects of remittances on consumption smoothing post‐shock in Nigeria
Authors: Otame Lucky 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExisting literature suggests that remittances can help households in developing countries cope with post‐shock consumption. Focusing on Nigeria, where remittance receipts reached $25B in 2018 with increasing incidences of shocks, this study puts this claim to the test by categorising households into two: the group that suffered the most severe shock types and the group that suffered less severe shock types. Data is sourced from the World Bank and linearised regression results indicate that remittances benefit households that experienced less severe shocks than households that experienced the most severe shocks in their post‐shock consumption. Establishing a discriminatory financial market in favours of shock‐affected households is desirable to aid them in coping with post‐shock consumption.
Effect of screw speed, temperature and moisture on physicochemical properties of corn gluten meal extrudate
Authors: Xu Miaojie , Zhang Xinrui , Zhang Yingying , Wang Jieru , Li Juyang , Hu Yayun , Cao Shan , Luan Guangzhong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCorn gluten meal (CGM) is the main by‐product of corn starch with rich protein and dietary fiber. The extrusion of CGM with a twin‐screw extruder aimed to expand the novel utilization of this plant‐protein resource. The impacts of screw speed, extrusion temperature, and material moisture on physicochemical properties of the extrudates were assessed.ResultsThe microstructure depicted a favorable fiber‐like structure formed under screw speed 120–150 rpm, extrusion temperature 140–150 °C, and material moisture 40–45%. Expansion ratio, rehydration ratio, water solubility index, hardness, and chewiness increased until screw speed reached 120 rpm. With accelerating extrusion temperature, these indicators showed an overall increasing trend. As for material moisture, expansion ratio, hardness, and chewiness showed a decreasing trend. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) showed that disulfide bonds were necessary for protein crosslinking during extrusion.ConclusionIt can be concluded that CGM is extrudable, whose textural and physicochemical properties vary as functions of the extruding parameters, providing diversity for its potential applications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Local pupil swim in Virtual‐ and Augmented‐Reality: Root cause and perception model
Authors: Jia Jerry , Chan Tsz Tai , Lian Trisha , Rio Kevin W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe optics between display and human eye in a typical VR/AR headmounted display (HMD) can introduce a common visual defect ‐ local pupil swim (also called local ripples or “orange peel” effect), where virtual content distorts locally with head movement. Compact optical design (such as pancake optics) is increasingly sensitive in design and manufacturing tolerance to this perceptual effect. This work provides a method to root cause and quantify the impact based on perceptual modeling, optics simulation, and measurement.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes miR‐202‐5p inhibited pyroptosis to alleviate lung ischemic‐reperfusion injury by targeting CMPK2
Authors: Sun Zhi‐Lu , You Ting , Zhang Bi‐Hong , Liu Yu , Liu Jing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBone mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosome (BMSC‐exosome) is a potential candidate for lung ischemia–reperfusion injury (LIRI) treatment. This study aims to investigate the anti‐pyroptosis effect of BMSC‐exosomes in LIRI. The LIRI cell model was established by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. Interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐18 levels were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability was assessed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was examined using a LDH assay kit. The interaction between microRNA (miR)‐202‐5p and cytidine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) was analyzed using dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. BMSC‐exosomes promoted cell viability and suppressed pyroptosis in H/R‐treated mouse lung epithelial. miR‐202‐5p was enriched in BMSC‐exosomes, and exosomal miR‐202‐5p inhibition upregulated pyroptosis‐associated proteins, including cleaved N‐terminal Gasdermin D, nucleotide‐binding domain‐like receptor family member pyrin domain‐containing protein 3, and Caspase1. Meanwhile, miR‐202‐5p suppressed CMPK2 expression by directly targeting CMPK2. Expectedly, CMPK2 knockdown reversed the promoting effect of exosomal miR‐202‐5p inhibition on pyroptosis in LIRI. Therefore, BMSC‐derived exosome miR‐202‐5p repressed pyroptosis to inhibit LIRI progression by targeting CMPK2.
Easily Scalable Photonic Tensor Core Based on Tunable Units with Single Internal Phase Shifters
Authors: Huang Ying , Yue Hengsong , Ma Wei , Zhang Yiyuan , Xiao Yao , Wang Weiping , Tang Yong , Hu Xiaoyan , Tang He , Chu Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotonic neural networks (PNNs) show tremendous potential for artificial intelligence applications due to their higher computational rates than their traditional electronic counterpart. However, the scale‐up of PNN relies on the number of cascaded computing units, which is limited by the accumulated transmission attenuation. Here, a topology of PNN with Mach–Zehnder interferometers based on a single‐tuned phase shifter that implements arbitrary nonnegative or real‐valued matrices for vector‐matrix multiplication is proposed. Compared with the universal matrix mesh, the new configuration exhibits two orders of magnitude lower optical path loss and a twofold reduction in the number of the tunable phase shifter. An 8 × 8 reconfigurable chip is designed and fabricated, and it is experimentally verified that the 2 × 4 nonnegative‐valued matrix and the 2 × 2 real‐valued matrix are implemented in the proposed topology. Higher than 85% inference accuracies are obtained in the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit recognition tasks with these matrices in the PNNs. Therefore, with much lower optical path loss and comparable computing accuracy, the proposed PNN configuration can be easily scaled up to tackle higher dimensional matrix multiplication, which is highly desired in tasks like voice and image recognition.
On topological and combinatorial structures of pointed stable curves over algebraically closed fields of positive characteristic
Authors: Yang Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study anabelian geometry of curves over algebraically closed fields of positive characteristic. Let be a pointed stable curve over an algebraically closed field of characteristic and the admissible fundamental group of . We prove that there exists a group‐theoretical algorithm, whose input datum is the admissible fundamental group , and whose output data are the topological and the combinatorial structures associated with . This result can be regarded as a mono‐anabelian version of the combinatorial Grothendieck conjecture in the positive characteristic. Moreover, by applying this result, we construct clutching maps for moduli spaces of admissible fundamental groups.
Genetic inhibition of glutamate allosteric potentiation of GABAARs in mice results in hyperexcitability, leading to neurobehavioral abnormalities
Authors: Du Yehong , Li Junjie , Wang Maoju , Tian Qiuyun , Pang Yayan , Wen Ya , Wu Dongchuan , Wang Yu Tian , Dong Zhifang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition (E/I) in neural circuit has been considered to be at the root of numerous brain disorders. We recently reported a novel feedback crosstalk between the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and inhibitory γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR)‐glutamate allosteric potentiation of GABAAR functions through a direct binding of glutamate to the GABAAR itself. Here, we investigated the physiological significance and pathological implications of this cross‐talk by generating the β3E182G knock‐in (KI) mice. We found that β3E182G KI, while had little effect on basal GABAAR‐mediated synaptic transmission, significantly reduced glutamate potentiation of GABAAR‐mediated responses. These KI mice displayed lower thresholds for noxious stimuli, higher susceptibility to seizures and enhanced hippocampus‐related learning and memory. Additionally, the KI mice exhibited impaired social interactions and decreased anxiety‐like behaviors. Importantly, hippocampal overexpression of wild‐type β3‐containing GABAARs was sufficient to rescue the deficits of glutamate potentiation of GABAAR‐mediated responses, hippocampus‐related behavioral abnormalities of increased epileptic susceptibility, and impaired social interactions. Our data indicate that the novel crosstalk among excitatory glutamate and inhibitory GABAAR functions as a homeostatic mechanism in fine‐tuning neuronal E/I balance, thereby playing an essential role in ensuring normal brain functioning.
Outcomes of an Integrated Multidisciplinary Clinic for People with Functional Neurological Disorder
Authors: Palmer David D.G. , Gamble Mary , Higgins Matthew , Maley Jenny , Watson Eloise 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundFunctional neurological disorder (FND) is a disabling condition which has poor prognosis without treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an outpatient integrated multidisciplinary intervention for the condition.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the outcomes of a pilot integrated multidisciplinary treatment clinic for FND with motor symptoms.MethodsPatients were seen simultaneously by a neurology doctor, a physiotherapist, a clinical psychologist, and sometimes a psychiatrist. The primary endpoint was change in quality of life measured by Short Form‐36 (SF‐36). Secondary outcomes were change in work and social participation measured by the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), ability to participate in full‐time or part‐time employment, self‐rated understanding of FND, and self‐rated agreement with the diagnosis of FND. Over the year, 13 patients were recruited to the clinic, and 11 agreed to participate in the outcome study.ResultsStatistically significant improvements in quality of life were seen across seven out of eight domains of the SF‐36, with improvements in individual domains of between 23 and 39 points (of a possible 100). Mean Work and Social Adjustment Scale score halved from 26 to 13 (worst possible is 40). Of the 12 patients treated, one began to work again after complete unemployment, and two who had been working reduced hours due to disability resumed full time work. No patients had worsened occupational status.ConclusionsThis intervention is associated with substantial improvements in quality of life and function, and may be more amenable to delivery at non‐specialist centers than other described interventions for FND.