bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of manufacturing errors and micro-groove surfaces on the static and dynamic characteristics of water-lubricated bearings
Authors: Li Peng , Li Jiayu , Shi Zhanqun , Zhang Hao , Xiao Sen , Li Xin , Gu Fengshou 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the effects of manufacturing error and micro-groove on the static, dynamic and stability characteristics of water-lubricated journal bearings (WLJBs) are investigated. Mathematical expressions of manufacturing errors and surface micro-groove are presented, and the Reynolds equations with steady and unsteady states are calculated by using the linear perturbative method and the finite difference technology. According to the developed model, the effects of the waviness magnitude, spatial number, and phase angle for circumferential errors, as well as the concavity, convexity, and taper for axial errors on the film thickness distribution, fluid pressure distribution, bearing capacity, coefficient of friction, side leakage flow rate, attitude angle, stiffness coefficient, damping coefficient, threshold speed and whirl frequency ratio of WLJBs are evaluated. Simulation results demonstrate that fluid film thickness distribution and fluid pressure distribution are significantly affected by manufacturing errors and micro-groove. Compared with axial manufacturing errors, circumferential manufacturing errors cause an inhomogeneous distribution of fluid pressure and morphological transformation in the high-pressure zone. The variation rules for the lubrication performance of bearings with circumferential waviness, concavity, convexity, and taper errors are not consistent at various eccentricity ratios. The magnitude of the concavity and taper errors may have an improving effect on the bearing performance, whereas circumferential waviness and convexity error play a negative role. Moreover, the micro-groove with partial distribution enhances the hydrodynamic effect in the bearing clearance. Numerical simulations can provide a valuable reference for the manufacturing and design of bearing systems.
Structural, mechanical and optoelectronic properties of B6X (X = Se, S) chalcogenides under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: León-Flores J , Antonio J E , Muñoz-González H , Rosas-Huerta J L , Escamilla R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Structural, mechanical and optoelectronic properties of B6Se and B6S chalcogenides under hydrostatic pressure were studied by the HSE06 hybrid functional in the DFT approach. The calculation results show that both materials preserve a high hardness behavior with a slight decrease of around 11% in the Vickers hardness, from zero to 100 GPa of external hydrostatic pressure. The electronic band structures show that B6Se and B6S chalcogenides have a semiconductor behavior with an electronic bandgap of 3.89 eV and 3.77 eV at zero GPa, respectively; decreasing 30% when 100 GPa of external pressure is applied. The optoelectronic properties evidence the possible modulation of the electronic band gap by the appliance of pressure as well as the refractive index in the visible region from

n

ω

=
2.8

to

n

ω

=
4.4

while the absorption coefficient suggest the potential applicability of both chalcogenides under extreme pressure conditions as UV sensors in an interval from 7.5 eV to 30 eV.
Inferring cognitive state underlying conflict choices in verbal Stroop task using heterogeneous input discriminative-generative decoder model
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad R , Jeoung Haseul , Gharamani Ayda , Saha Utpal , Bhat Venkat , Popovic Milos R , Yousefi Ali , Chen Robert , Lankarany Milad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia interacts with the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and shapes a control loop, specifically when the brain receives contradictory information from either different sensory systems or conflicting information from sensory inputs and prior knowledge that developed in the brain. Experimental studies demonstrated that significant increases in theta activities (2–8 Hz) in both the STN and mPFC as well as increased phase synchronization between mPFC and STN are prominent features of conflict processing. While these neural features reflect the importance of STN-mPFC circuitry in conflict processing, a low-dimensional representation of the mPFC–STN interaction referred to as a cognitive state, that links neural activities generated by these sub-regions to behavioral signals (e.g. the response time), remains to be identified. Approach. Here, we propose a new model, namely, the heterogeneous input discriminative-generative decoder (HI-DGD) model, to infer a cognitive state underlying decision-making based on neural activities (STN and mPFC) and behavioral signals (individuals’ response time) recorded in ten Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients while they performed a Stroop task. PD patients may have conflict processing which is quantitatively (may be qualitative in some) different from healthy populations. Main results. Using extensive synthetic and experimental data, we showed that the HI-DGD model can diffuse information from neural and behavioral data simultaneously and estimate cognitive states underlying conflict and non-conflict trials significantly better than traditional methods. Additionally, the HI-DGD model identified which neural features made significant contributions to conflict and non-conflict choices. Interestingly, the estimated features match well with those reported in experimental studies. Significance. Finally, we highlight the capability of the HI-DGD model in estimating a cognitive state from a single trial of observation, which makes it appropriate to be utilized in closed-loop neuromodulation systems.
Oxytocin response to food intake in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Aulinas Anna , Muhammed Maged , Becker Kendra R , Asanza Elisa , Hauser Kristine , Stern Casey , Gydus Julia , Holmes Tara , Murray Helen Burton , Breithaupt Lauren , Micali Nadia , Misra Madhusmita , Eddy Kamryn T , Thomas Jennifer J , Lawson Elizabeth A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the response of anorexigenic oxytocin to food intake among adolescents and young adults with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a restrictive eating disorder characterized by lack of interest in food or eating, sensory sensitivity to food, and/or fear of aversive consequences of eating, compared with healthy controls (HC).

Design
Cross-sectional.

Methods
A total of 109 participants (54 with ARFID spectrum and 55 HC) were instructed to eat a ∼400-kcal standardized mixed meal. We sampled serum oxytocin at fasting and at 30-, 60-, and 120-min postmeal. We tested the hypothesis that ARFID would show higher mean oxytocin levels across time points compared with HC using a mixed model ANOVA. We then used multivariate regression analysis to identify the impact of clinical characteristics (sex, age, and body mass index [BMI] percentile) on oxytocin levels in individuals with ARFID.

Results
Participants with ARFID exhibited greater mean oxytocin levels at all time points compared with HC, and these differences remained significant even after controlling for sex and BMI percentile (P = .004). Clinical variables (sex, age, and BMI percentile) did not show any impact on fasting and postprandial oxytocin levels among individuals with ARFID.

Conclusions
Consistently high oxytocin levels might be involved in low appetite and sensory aversions to food, contributing to food avoidance in individuals with ARFID.
Populist resentments and identities and their repercussions on firms and regions. The example of East Thuringia
Authors: Henn Sebastian , Hannemann Matthias 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Right-wing populism and related geographies of discontent have become central subjects in the recent debate on regional inequalities. The present contribution seeks to complement existing, predominantly synoptic approaches by looking at specific economic practices of local actors. We argue that exclusionary regional political identities are transferred to firms and shape corporate practices. Using 65 semi-structured interviews with representatives from firms in East Thuringia, we analyze these processes and how they affect recruitment, customer-relations and local business networks in different types of firms. Furthermore, we show that these practices can have a negative impact on the business location and thus contribute to the consolidation of existing regional inequalities.
Computational Reproducibility of Molecular Phylogenies
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Tao Qiqing , Lamarca Alessandra P , Tamura Koichiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Repeated runs of the same program can generate different molecular phylogenies from identical data sets under the same analytical conditions. This lack of reproducibility of inferred phylogenies casts a long shadow on downstream research employing these phylogenies in areas such as comparative genomics, systematics, and functional biology. We have assessed the relative accuracies and log-likelihoods of alternative phylogenies generated for computer-simulated and empirical data sets. Our findings indicate that these alternative phylogenies reconstruct evolutionary relationships with comparable accuracy. They also have similar log-likelihoods that are not inferior to the log-likelihoods of the true tree. We determined that the direct relationship between irreproducibility and inaccuracy is due to their common dependence on the amount of phylogenetic information in the data. While computational reproducibility can be enhanced through more extensive heuristic searches for the maximum likelihood tree, this does not lead to higher accuracy. We conclude that computational irreproducibility plays a minor role in molecular phylogenetics.
Domain acquisition by class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase urzymes coordinated the catalytic functions of HVGH and KMSKS motifs
Authors: Tang Guo Qing , Elder Jessica J H , Douglas Jordan , Carter Charles W 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLeucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) is a Class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) that synthesizes leucyl-tRNAleu for codon-directed protein synthesis. Two signature sequences, HxGH and KMSKS help stabilize transition-states for amino acid activation and tRNA aminoacylation by all Class I aaRS. Separate alanine mutants of each signature, together with the double mutant, behave in opposite ways in Pyrococcus horikoshii LeuRS and the 129-residue urzyme ancestral model generated from it (LeuAC). Free energy coupling terms, Δ(ΔG‡), for both reactions are large and favourable for LeuRS, but unfavourable for LeuAC. Single turnover assays with 32Pα-ATP show correspondingly different internal products. These results implicate domain motion in catalysis by full-length LeuRS. The distributed thermodynamic cycle of mutational changes authenticates LeuAC urzyme catalysis far more convincingly than do single point mutations. Most importantly, the evolutionary gain of function induced by acquiring the anticodon-binding (ABD) and multiple insertion modules in the catalytic domain appears to be to coordinate the catalytic function of the HxGH and KMSKS signature sequences. The implication that backbone elements of secondary structures achieve a major portion of the overall transition-state stabilization by LeuAC is also consistent with coevolution of the genetic code and metabolic pathways necessary to produce histidine and lysine sidechains.
Enhanced frequency of transcription pre-initiation complexes assembly after exposure to UV irradiation results in increased repair activity and reduced probabilities for mutagenesis
Authors: Liakos Anastasios , Synacheri Anna-Chloe , Konstantopoulos Dimitris , Stefos Georgios C , Lavigne Matthieu D , Fousteri Maria 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In addition to being essential for gene expression, transcription is crucial for the maintenance of genome integrity. Here, we undertook a systematic approach, to monitor the assembly kinetics of the pre-initiating RNA Polymerase (Pol) II at promoters at steady state and different stages during recovery from UV irradiation-stress, when pre-initiation and initiation steps have been suggested to be transiently shut down. Taking advantage of the reversible dissociation of pre-initiating Pol II after high salt treatment, we found that de novo recruitment of the available Pol II molecules at active promoters not only persists upon UV at all times tested but occurs significantly faster in the early phase of recovery (2 h) than in unexposed human fibroblasts at the majority of active genes. Our method unveiled groups of genes with significantly different pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly dynamics after UV that present distinct rates of UV-related mutational signatures in melanoma tumours, providing functional relevance to the importance of keeping transcription initiation active during UV recovery. Our findings uncover novel mechanistic insights further detailing the multilayered transcriptional response to genotoxic stress and link PIC assembly dynamics after exposure to genotoxins with cancer mutational landscapes.
India
Authors: Khurana Saloni , Mahajan Kannika 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines data for urban workers in the non-agricultural sector across three decades, 1983–2017, and finds that earnings inequality increased during 1983–2004, was largely stable during 2004–11, and decreased during 2011–17. Whether the decline in routine jobs and change in demand for skills has shaped the evolution of earnings inequality in India is explored, ruling out earnings polarization as an explanation for rising earnings inequality during 1983–2004. The chapter then uses Shapley and recentred influence functions (RIF) decomposition methods to decompose the change in Gini into the contribution from change in worker demographics and routine-task intensity and the accompanying changes in returns to these characteristics. The results show that changes in returns to education and routine-task intensity explain a small part of the trends in wage inequality. Hence, in the Indian context, institutional factors may have played a bigger role in shaping wage inequality.
Argentina
Authors: Maurizio Roxana , Monsalvo Ana Paula 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to identify the scope and patterns of the structural transformation as evidenced by changes in occupations and their task content, and their impact on employment, earnings, and income distribution in Argentina during the new millennium (polarization effect). Results show that the changes in jobs did not follow the same pattern as those in earnings. In particular, earnings grew but employment shares fell in low-paying occupations. The macroeconomic conditions, production structure, and labour market institutions seem to shape the impact of technology on job demand and on earnings distribution. Overall, the findings point at the need for a broader perspective with a view to achieving a better understanding of the extent to which these factors may have affected the adoption of technology and the composition of employment in a country characterized by high economic instability and dramatic changes in its productive structure.
Chile
Authors: Zapata-Román Gabriela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using decomposition methods, this chapter analyses the role of the changing nature of work in explaining changes in earning inequality and job polarization in Chile from 2000 to 2017. Changes in occupational structure confirm a displacement of workers from low-skill occupations towards jobs demanding non-routine higher skills (professionals and technicians), and jobs requiring routine manual and cognitive tasks (services and sales). Changes in occupational earnings have had an equalizing effect, with more substantial gains favouring lower-skill occupations, although without evidence of job polarization. Inequality reductions since the 2000s are explained by a fall in earnings in the top percentiles of the distribution, reallocated most noticeably around the median (2000–06) and the bottom 30 per cent (2006–17). The routine content of tasks explains an important part of changes in earnings variability, and it has contributed to improving wages. Average earnings across occupations have become less unequal over time, contributing to the overall decline in inequality.
Enriched Causalism
Authors: Sartorio Carolina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the question of how the bare causalist view could be enriched by exploiting potential grounds of the relevant causal facts. Specifically, it discusses the role that powers (dispositions and abilities) could play in a causalist conception of action and free action. It discusses both manifested and unmanifested powers, and two corresponding forms of enriched causalism: “manifested-powers causalism” and “unmanifested-powers causalism.” It is argued that the former is better suited for action and the latter for free action; however, this divergence is not a problem for the big-picture causalist view but a friendly result.
ESG Investing: Financial Materiality and Social Objectives
Authors: Lee Linda-Eling 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Interest in measuring companies’ behavior along environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria reflects two important objectives: social values and financial performance. Nevertheless, measuring these has been difficult, leading to confusion about ESG investing’s effectiveness. New data and analytical innovations have supported efforts to separate material factors driving investment risk and return from those relevant primarily to social objectives. This chapter reviews evidence on the effectiveness of social value-based versus financially relevant measures and identifies financially material factors, so as to guide pension fiduciaries and other investors on using ESG factors to meet investment objectives. We focus on recent advances in measuring ESG, new evidence on the relationship between ESG and the financial performance of equities and corporate bonds, and approaches that funds have used to implement their ESG policies in light of these advances.
George Orwell and Left-Libertarianism
Authors: Barry Peter Brian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Orwell identified as a man of the left. He is often regarded by his readers as a libertarian. Is he therefore well regarded as a left-libertarian? He did, for some time, identify as a “Tory anarchist,” and anarchism has historically been understood as a leftist conception of libertarianism. But left-libertarians endorse two constitutive theses: first, persons have at least a robust right of self-ownership, and, second, persons are entitled to an equal share of natural resources. The best reason to doubt that Orwell is a left-libertarian is that he doesn’t clearly share either commitment: he too often defends positions inconsistent with a robust right of self-ownership and never quite endorses equal access to natural resources for reasons that left-libertarians do.
Factory Girl
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Maria Cornell begins working in a cotton factory in Jewett City, Connecticut, in 1822, amid Americans’ ambiguous attitudes toward manufacturing and the new role of the working woman known as the “factory girl.” She experiences the insecurity of employment in the Rhode Island industrial system, pioneered by Samuel Slater, while her temptations with new urban consumer fashions, crime, and a sisters’ rivalry propel her to move from one factory town to the next. When Maria is caught shoplifting, she does not become simply a helpless victim of gossip and rumor; rather than a temptation that ruins her life, this petty crime may have been a willful act of independence.
Fornication and Lying
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
When Avery is posted as the Methodist minister in Lowell, he sets his sights on enforcing discipline in the church. Cornell is accused of fornication and excommunicated from the Lowell Methodist church. She moves to New Hampshire to seek new employment and a new start with the Methodists, only to find that her reputation and Avery’s interventions impede those aspirations. She writes letters of confession and seeks forgiveness and reinstatement, but to no avail. After Cornell returns to her family in Connecticut, she meets Avery at a camp meeting, where she claims he coerced her into sex. Believing she is pregnant, she moves to Fall River to seek a private settlement with Avery, now working in nearby Bristol.
Manhunt
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
After the preliminary hearing concerning Maria Cornell’s death concludes in Bristol in January 1833, Justices John Howe and Levi Haile declare that there is no probable cause to suspect Avery of murdering Cornell, believing instead that she had committed suicide. John Howe’s opinion is a ten-page, 5,000-word journey through his imagined interpretation of the evidence. His decision ultimately rests on the differences in the respective characters of Cornell and Avery. Once Avery is released, he goes into hiding. A constable from Fall River, Harvey Harnden, then embarks on a week-long manhunt for the fugitive preacher across three states, culminating in Avery’s arrest and the publication by Harnden of a detective tale, in which he poses as a self-made man and hero. The publication becomes a local bestseller before Avery’s trial.
Sex Talk
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Avery’s defense attorneys shift their strategy toward putting Cornell’s moral character on trial, adding to a long history of criminal trials in which the sexual behavior and morality of the female victim rather than the actions of the accused man, take center stage. Dozens of mill town residents and factory workers bring everyday gossip and storytelling into the courtroom. Their collective testimony offers a picture of the courtship and sexual behavior of young women and men in America’s earliest industrial cities. Maria understood the power men exerted in her sexual encounters, and it was men’s sex talk, not women’s, that ultimately led to her downfall in Lowell.
Vindication
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Methodists hurl their own accusations of conspiracy back at their opponents as the print battles intensify over Avery’s guilt or innocence. Methodist leaders are eager to sustain, even escalate, the character assaults begun at Avery’s trial, emphasizing the stark contrast between the reputations of Cornell and Avery. Prominent Methodist ministers publish A Vindication to proclaim Avery’s innocence and, just as important, to show the church as a target of its enemies’ conspiratorial behavior. The Vindication allows Avery to present his side of the story, but his account conveys more about his faith and feelings than facts to support his defense.
Fake News
Authors: Dorsey Bruce 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A fake pamphlet purporting to be the confessions of Avery is published before the Methodists can release their Vindication. The literary forgery is one of many false stories that accompany the broader scandal. New sensational publication genres—trial reports and penny press newspapers—become intertwined with the Avery scandal and its reporters. Yet the American public, as the Avery murder case reveals, has already begun to embrace a popular culture of rumors, gossip, hoaxes, and printed falsities—fake news—even before the birth of the penny press. It is the ready and willing audience who demand sensational news that far too often crosses the line between fact and fiction. American readers long for mysteries as much as certainties, and they find hoaxes and fakes to be pleasurable entertainment that helps them navigate a sometimes overwhelming new world.