bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How best to support parents of children with an eating disorder: A commentary on Wilksch (2023)
Authors: Gorrell Sasha , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWilksch (2023) uses survey data to characterize the perspective of caregivers of children who have undergone treatment for an eating disorder. With this framework, the author presents an evocative view of both the challenges these parents experience in acquiring needed specialty treatment, as well as the negative impact that the caregiving role may have on their own well‐being. Altogether, this Forum underscores the unquestionable importance of not overlooking the practical and emotional needs of caregivers of youth with eating disorders, and presents a compelling call to action for our field to better support parents who navigate treatment for these challenging illnesses.
Contrasting effects of urbanization and fire on understory plant communities in the natural and wildland–urban interface
Authors: Hubert Mali M. , Schweitzer Jennifer A. , Giam Xingli , Papeş Monica 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs human populations expand and land‐use change intensifies, terrestrial ecosystems experience concurrent disturbances (e.g., urbanization and fire) that may interact and compound their effects on biodiversity. In the urbanizing landscapes of the southern Appalachian region of the United States of America (US), fires in mesic forests have become more frequent in recent years. However, 80 years of forest management practices aimed at fire suppression in this region may have decreased landscape resistance or resilience to high‐severity fires. At the same time, housing development is rapidly expanding in the wildland–urban interface, creating opportunities to examine the combined effects of urbanization and fire disturbances on plant communities when fires occur. Here, we investigated how understory plant communities were affected by a fire that varied in severity at sites in Gatlinburg, TN, and in the adjacent Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Our goal was to investigate the individual and combined effects of fire and urbanization on plant community composition in the second growing season after a fire. Overall, we found a significant interaction effect of fire severity and urbanization on total plant abundance and richness, such that increasing fire severity was associated with lower abundance and richness in natural areas but higher abundance and richness in exurban areas. Shannon diversity was significantly affected by fire severity and urbanization, but not interactively. Plant composition was affected by fire severity, urbanization, and their interaction effects. Understory plant communities in exurban locations (low‐density residential areas near protected lands) were resilient following the pulse disturbance event (fire), likely because of their consistent exposure to a press disturbance (urbanization). Our study indicates a press disturbance may change the way a subsequent pulse disturbance affects plant communities. Our findings contribute new insights into how disturbances can interact to alter patterns of biodiversity in the southeastern US.
Life‐cycle benefits estimation for hybrid seismic‐resistant self‐centering braced frames
Authors: Hu Shuling , Zhu Songye 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe hybrid self‐centering braced frames (HSBFs) with shape memory alloy‐based braces (SMABs) and viscous dampers (VDs) are an emerging structural system developed for improving the seismic resilience of traditional braced frames (e.g., buckling restrained braced frames [BRBFs]) and self‐centering braced frames (SCBFs) by reducing residual inter‐story drifts (RIDs) and floor acceleration responses simultaneously. Nevertheless, the excellent performance of HSBFs is captured by introducing high initial construction costs. This paper aims to highlight the benefits of HSBFs compared with BRBFs and SCBFs by investigating the earthquake‐induced life‐cycle costs. To this end, 6‐story BRBF, SCBF, and HSBF are designed separately to achieve the same maximum inter‐story drifts under design basis earthquakes (DBE) for a fair comparison. The advanced numerical models of the considered systems were developed, and nonlinear dynamic analyses were conducted to obtain the structural seismic responses under various intensities. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was adopted for considering the modeling uncertainty. The life‐cycle costs were subsequently estimated based on the revised HAZUS loss estimation method. The influence of RIDs, initial construction costs of SMABs and VDs, and values of contents inside buildings were comprehensively investigated. It has been found that HSBF can achieve better performance in reducing seismic loss than BRBF and SCBF due to its excellent capability of controlling structural and nonstructural damage. SCBF may show higher seismic loss than BRBFs, given high RID limits for demolition or high building contents’ value, highlighting the importance of controlling floor acceleration responses of SCBFs. The life‐cycle benefits of BRBFs, SCBFs, and HSBFs are highly influenced by the RIDs, initial construction costs of SMABs and VDs, building contents’ values, and building's lifetime. HSBFs show better life‐cycle benefits than SCBFs when the building's lifetime is not lower than 50 years. Compared to BRBF, the life‐cycle cost effectiveness of SCBF can be only achieved when the initial cost of SMABs is lower than 1.21 times that of BRBs for the building with 50 years’ lifetime; the life‐cycle cost effectiveness of HSBF6 can be only achieved when the initial cost of SMABs or VDs is lower than 1.84 times that of BRBs for the building with 50 years’ lifetime. It has been concluded that reducing the initial costs of SMABs and VDs is critical and essential for increasing the life‐cycle economic benefits of SCBFs and HSBFs and promoting their real‐world applications.
Integrity of randomized clinical trials: Performance of integrity tests and checklists requires assessment
Authors: Khan Khalid S. , Fawzy Mohamed , Chien Patrick F. W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe integrity of randomized clinical trials (RCT) has become a concern owing to a recent rise in the number of retractions and the repercussions this has for evidence‐based patient care. However, there is little research on the subject of RCT integrity assessment. Recent literature reviews have revealed that journals' authors' instructions concerning integrity and their investigation policies concerning allegations of misconduct are heterogeneous. The judicious use of integrity tests applied to RCT manuscripts is hampered by an absence of data concerning misconduct prevalence (pre‐test probability), a failure to evaluate test performance (validity) and a lack of consensus over a gold standard (against which test accuracy can be evaluated). These deficiencies hinder the post‐publication correction of RCT records, the integrity evaluations in systematic reviews of RCTs and the prospective application of preventive solutions in RCT peer‐review and preprint assessment. Dealing with the current controversy about trustworthiness of RCT evidence requires a strong investment in research, reform and education concerning research integrity. The purpose of this review article is to highlight the current limitations in dealing with trial integrity‐related concerns and to propose solutions to some of these issues.
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and endometrial cancer: A multicenter case–control study
Authors: Kietpeerakool Chumnan , Cheewakriangkrai Chalong , Rattanakanokchai Siwanon , Rattanalappaiboon Daungporn , Tiyayon Jitima , Chalapati Wadwilai , Tangsiriwattana Thumwadee , Tangjitgamol Siriwan , Kleebkaow Pilaiwan , Khunamornpong Surapan , Temtanakitpaisan Amornrat , Sribanditmongkhol Narisa , Lumbiganon Pisake 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the associations between depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and endometrial cancer.MethodsThis multicenter case–control study was conducted among tertiary hospitals in Thailand. Patients were women with endometrial cancer. Controls were women admitted for other conditions, matched for age within 5 years of the patients' age. The controls had to have no abnormal vaginal bleeding, history of hysterectomy, or cancers of the other organs. A standardized questionnaire was used to gather information. Conditional logistic regression was applied to calculate adjusted odds ratio (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDuring 2015 to 2021, 378 patients and 1134 controls were included. Ever use of DMPA was associated with a 70% decreased overall risk of endometrial cancer (aOR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.21–0.42]). Endometrial cancer risk declined by 3% (aOR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96–0.98]) for every 3 months of DMPA use. The magnitude of the decline in endometrial cancer risk did not vary appreciably by cancer subtypes (aOR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.17–0.41] and 0.38 [95% CI, 0.22–0.65] for low‐grade and high‐grade tumors, respectively).ConclusionsDepot medroxyprogesterone acetate use was inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk in a duration‐dependent manner. This association was independent of cancer subtype.
Differentiating morphea from lichen Sclerosus by using multiphoton microscopy combined with U‐Net model for elastic fiber segmentation
Authors: Wang Qianqiong , Huang Xiaomin , Tu Yunmei , Huang Xinpeng , Lin Lihang , Chen Jianxin , Zhu Xiaoqin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a methodology to differentiate morphea from lichen sclerosus based on examination with multiphoton microscopy (MPM) composed of two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). Subcellular‐resolution images were acquired by MPM from unstained lesion tissues then process spectral analysis to quantify the TPEF and SHG signals. Moreover, U‐Net was employed to segment elastic fiber in TPEF images to combine with collagen fiber in SHG images for precise fiber quantification. Predictions of segmentation showed excellent performance on several evaluation indicators. The mIoU, mPA, and F1 score reach 0.8516, 0.9281, and 0.941. The quantitative analysis demonstrated the increase of collagen fibers in morphea compared to that in lichen sclerosus cases. Meanwhile, the great diminution of elastic fiber in the dermis of lichen sclerosus was depicted based on MPM imaging. Thus, MPM was comparable to the histopathological examination and our experimental results accurately distinguish between morphea and lichen sclerosus.
Neonatal Fc receptor blockade as emerging therapy in diseases with plasma exchange indications
Authors: Yunce Muharrem , Katyal Nakul , Monis Grace Fortes , Muppidi Srikanth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) blockade may represent a mechanism similar to plasma exchange (PLEX) in reducing immunoglobulin levels and thus have a broad implication for apheresis practitioners. Although only efgartigimod received FDA approval for myasthenia gravis in December 2021, multiple trials are currently underway with different FcRn therapies in a varied group of IgG antibody‐mediated neurological and hematological disorders which are outlined in this review. In this review we discuss FcRn's mechanism of action, and its potential use in various neurological and non‐neurological diseases. In addition, we further compare the kinetics and adverse events of PLEX and FcRn blockade. We encourage apheresis practitioners to be familiar with this class of drugs in order to better understand how these two therapies can be used either standalone, or in combination with other therapies as both FcRn antagonism and PLEX improve clinical state by reducing IgG levels and pathogenic antibodies.
A gene‐nutrient interaction between vitamin B6 and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) affects genome integrity in Drosophila
Authors: Pilesi Eleonora , Angioli Chiara , Graziani Claudio , Parroni Alessia , Contestabile Roberto , Tramonti Angela , Vernì Fiammetta 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP), the catalytically active form of vitamin B6, participates as a cofactor to one carbon (1C) pathway that produces precursors for DNA metabolism. The concerted action of PLP‐dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) and thymidylate synthase (TS) leads to the biosynthesis of thymidylate (dTMP), which plays an essential function in DNA synthesis and repair. PLP deficiency causes chromosome aberrations (CABs) in Drosophila and human cells, rising the hypothesis that an altered 1C metabolism may be involved. To test this hypothesis, we used Drosophila as a model system and found, firstly, that in PLP deficient larvae SHMT activity is reduced by 40%. Second, we found that RNAi‐induced SHMT depletion causes chromosome damage rescued by PLP supplementation and strongly exacerbated by PLP depletion. RNAi‐induced TS depletion causes severe chromosome damage, but this is only slightly enhanced by PLP depletion. dTMP supplementation rescues CABs in both PLP‐deficient and PLP‐proficient SHMTRNAi. Altogether these data suggest that a reduction of SHMT activity caused by PLP deficiency contributes to chromosome damage by reducing dTMP biosynthesis. In addition, our work brings to light a gene‐nutrient interaction between SHMT decreased activity and PLP deficiency impacting on genome stability that may be translated to humans.
Depletion of ESCRT ameliorates APP‐induced AD‐like symptoms in Drosophila
Authors: Zhuang Luming , Li Chenglin , Peng Fei , Xue Elleen , Li Wenzhe , Sun Xinyue , Chen Ping , Zhou Qian , Xue Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide, produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β and γ‐secretases, has been implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise intracellular trafficking pathway of APP and its subcellular locations to produce Aβ have remained unclear. To address these issues, we established fly AD models that recapitulated multiple AD‐like symptoms by expressing human APP in the Drosophila nerve system. The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery regulates the sorting and trafficking of endocytosed proteins, yet its role in AD pathogenesis has not been explored in vivo. We found that knockdown of distinct ESCRT components ameliorated APP‐induced morphological and behavioral defects, including impaired wing expansion, eye degeneration, dopamine neuron loss, locomotor disability, lifespan shortening, and cognitive deficits. Mechanistically, we showed that impaired ESCRT impeded APP's intracellular transportation from early endosomes to late endosomes, resulting in reduced Aβ production and amyloid deposit load. These data suggest that APP undergoes ESCRT‐mediated endocytic trafficking, and Aβ is generated mainly in late endosomes. Our data provide the first in vivo evidence to support a physiological role of ESCRT in AD pathogenesis, suggesting that interfering with ESCRT machinery might be an alternative therapeutic strategy for AD.
Is superstitious responding a matter of detectability? A replication of Killeen (1978)
Authors: Gomes‐Ng Stephanie , Cowie Sarah , Elliffe Douglas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrganisms may sometimes behave as if a contingency exists between behavior and consequences, even if this is not actually the case. Killeen (1978) suggested that such superstition occurs because of factors that bias subjects to behave “superstitiously” rather than because of failures of discrimination. We systematically replicated Killeen's experiment and compared contingency discrimination between different consequences. Six pigeons responded in a matching‐to‐sample procedure in which a response‐independent or response‐dependent stimulus change, food delivery, or blackout occurred. The pigeons reported whether the consequence was response dependent or response independent by choosing between two side keys. Discrimination was strongest after stimulus changes, weaker after blackouts, and weakest after food deliveries. These differences persisted even after additional training, suggesting asymmetries that may reflect differences in the disruptive effects of different consequences on remembering and/or behavioral mnemonics. Importantly, the pigeons were not biased to report response‐dependent consequences unless that response was consistent with locational biases; that is, they behaved “superstitiously” when there was a reason to be biased to do so. These findings corroborate Killeen's and demonstrate that behavior may deviate from contingencies not necessarily because subjects cannot discriminate those contingencies but because they are biased to behave otherwise.
Parent perspectives on disclosing a pediatric neurofibromatosis type 1 diagnosis
Authors: Franchi Madeleine , Radtke Heather B. , Lewis Andrea M. , Moss Irene , Cofield Stacey S. , Cannon Ashley 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder typically diagnosed in childhood and characterized by cutaneous findings, nerve sheath tumors, skeletal abnormalities, malignancies, and developmental differences. Due to its variability, NF1 is an unpredictable condition that parents have concerns about discussing with their children. While there are publications addressing the disclosure of genetic conditions in general, no NF1‐specific disclosure literature exists. To fill this gap, this mixed methods study sought to evaluate the concerns, barriers, failures, or successes parents or guardians have experienced when they have or have not chosen to tell their child(ren) about an NF1 diagnosis. Parents of children between ages 0 and 17 with a diagnosis of NF1 completed a survey and some parents were selected for an interview invitation. A total of 258 surveys were completed, and 20 parents were interviewed. Interview transcripts were categorized into disclosure and non‐disclosure groups. Themes were organized into five categories based on interview questions: disclosure concerns, factors affecting disclosure/non‐disclosure, approaches to disclosure, desired resources, and recommendations for disclosure. Sentiment analysis was performed on responses about the disclosure discussion itself. Results indicated that most parents (70.5%) disclosed the NF1 diagnosis to their child and overall felt it was a positive experience. Almost one‐third of parents (29.5%) had not disclosed the diagnosis. A strong significance was identified between disclosure and severe presentation of NF1 (p = 0.0008). Parents in both groups shared similar concerns about discussing the diagnosis and multiple factors influenced the disclosure decision. Most parents approached disclosure as a process and emphasized the need to be honest and supportive of their child. Parents highlighted the need for more educational resources for children and guidance on how to disclose. These findings indicate that additional resources and support for parents would facilitate disclosure and the involvement of genetic counselors in the process would be beneficial.
Projections of suitable cultivation area for major fruit trees and climate‐type in South Korea under representative concentration pathway scenarios using the ensemble of high‐resolution regional climate models
Authors: Kim Eung‐Sup , Ahn Joong‐Bae , Shim Kyo‐Moon , Hur Jina , Jo Sera , Suh Myoung‐Seok , Cha Dong‐Hyun , Min Seung‐Ki , Kang Hyun‐Suk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study projected the future changes in the climate‐type distribution in South Korea according to the Köppen–Trewartha climate classification (KTCC) under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5/8.5 scenarios and the future change of cultivation area of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), which are major fruit crops in South Korea, using five regional climate models with a 12.5 km horizontal resolution. According to KTCC, type temperate (D)s is dominant in most of South Korea during the reference period (1981–2005). On the other hand, it is projected that the area of Type D and Type subtropical (C) will decrease and increase, respectively, towards higher latitudes and elevations in the future under RCP4.5/8.5 scenarios. Accordingly, the cultivation areas of major fruit crops in South Korea are projected to change significantly. The cultivation area of apple (mandarin), which is a major current fruit crop in Type D (C), is projected to be reduced (expanded) as it moves towards higher latitudes and elevations in the future. Apples grown throughout South Korea in the present climate (reference period) are not expected to be cultivated in the late‐21C due to climate change. On the other hand, the cultivation area of mandarins is projected to increase steadily in the future. At present, mandarins are cultivated only in Jeju Island, which is located in the south of the South Korea. However, the cultivation area is expected to increase by 1323% in late‐21C under the RCP8.5 scenario compared to the reference period. Moreover, mandarin cultivation is projected to be possible anywhere in South Korea. Nevertheless, in late‐21C, excessive increases in temperature that exceeds the appropriate temperature for mandarin in Jeju Island and the southern part of South Korea will eventually decrease the cultivation area of mandarins.
Soil salinity estimation in Shule River Basin using support vector regression model
Authors: Tang Yingfu , Wang Zhongjing , Zhang Teng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSoil salinization is a progressive degradation process that spreads globally and leads to a decline in soil fertility. Assessing the scale of salinization is crucial for sustainable agricultural development and saline‐land rehabilitation. In this study, we proposed a support vector regression spatial (SVR‐S) model that utilizes spatial dependence information to predict soil salinity over the irrigation area of the Shule River Basin in northwestern China. To investigate the performance of the SVR‐S model, 50 soil samples were collected in the field. Semivariograms of soil salinity (measured as total salt content and ion concentrations) were constructed to measure spatial dependence. The SVR‐S model was compared with the original SVR model and the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model regarding the salinity prediction ability. The soil salinity in the experimental area demonstrated a strong spatial dependence pattern. The SVR‐S model delivered a better performance than the SVR‐O and GWR. SVR‐S showed a correlation coefficient R of 0.87 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.83%, while the performance of SVR‐O (R = 0.75, RMSE = 3.32%) and GWR (R = 0.73, RMSE = 3.47%) was comparatively poor. Topographic indices integrating spatial information contributed the most to the estimation of salinity in the study area. This study provides a new approach to integrating spatial information for accurate soil salinity mapping.
Alternating projection‐based iterative learning control for discrete‐time systems with non‐uniform trial lengths
Authors: Zhuang Zhihe , Tao Hongfeng , Chen Yiyang , Rogers Eric , Oomen Tom , Paszke Wojciech 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article develops a novel framework for iterative learning control (ILC) design of discrete‐time systems with non‐uniform trial lengths by using the method of alternating projections. In contrast to existing results for the non‐uniform trial length problem, this article uses the Hilbert space setting and hence the linear discrete‐time system dynamics with non‐uniform trial lengths can be represented by multiple affine subspaces (or linear varieties). Motivated by the successive projection design between two closed convex sets, the considered ILC problem can be transformed into alternating projections between multiple sets, then the Hilbert space setting is used to establish key systems theoretic properties. Moreover, an optimal ILC design is developed for systems with non‐uniform trial lengths, which is also extended to the case of input constraints. A numerical case study is given to illustrate the applicability of the new design.