bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast and convenient delivery of fluidextracts liquorice through electrospun core-shell nanohybrids
Authors: Liu Hang , Dai Yelin , Li Jia , Liu Ping , Zhou Wenhui , Yu Deng-Guang , Ge Ruiliang 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: As an interdisciplinary field, drug delivery relies on the developments of modern science and technology. Correspondingly, how to upgrade the traditional dosage forms for a more efficacious, safer, and convenient drug delivery poses a continuous challenge to researchers.Methods, results and discussion: In this study, a proof-of-concept demonstration was conducted to convert a popular traditional liquid dosage form (a commercial oral compound solution prepared from an intermediate licorice fluidextract) into a solid dosage form. The oral commercial solution was successfully encapsulated into the core–shell nanohybrids, and the ethanol in the oral solution was removed. The SEM and TEM evaluations showed that the prepared nanofibers had linear morphologies without any discerned spindles or beads and an obvious core–shell nanostructure. The FTIR and XRD results verified that the active ingredients in the commercial solution were compatible with the polymeric matrices and were presented in the core section in an amorphous state. Three different types of methods were developed, and the fast dissolution of the electrospun core–shell nanofibers was verified.Conclusion: Coaxial electrospinning can act as a nano pharmaceutical technique to upgrade the traditional oral solution into fast-dissolving solid drug delivery films to retain the advantages of the liquid dosage forms and the solid dosage forms.
NanoSIMS analysis of water content in bridgmanite at the micron scale: An experimental approach to probe water in Earth’s deep mantle
Authors: Yang Ya-Nan , Du Zhixue , Lu Wenhua , Qi Yue , Zhang Yan-Qiang , Zhang Wan-Feng , Zhang Peng-Fei 
Published: April 2023

Water, in trace amounts, can greatly alter chemical and physical properties of mantle minerals and exert primary control on Earth’s dynamics. Quantifying how water is retained and distributed in Earth’s deep interior is essential to our understanding of Earth’s origin and evolution. While directly sampling Earth’s deep interior remains challenging, the experimental technique using laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC) is likely the only method available to synthesize and recover analog specimens throughout Earth’s lower mantle conditions. The recovered samples, however, are typically of micron sizes and require high spatial resolution to analyze their water abundance. Here we use nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) to characterize water content in bridgmanite, the most abundant mineral in Earth’s lower mantle. We have established two working standards of natural orthopyroxene that are likely suitable for calibrating water concentration in bridgmanite, i.e., A119(H2O) = 99 ± 13 μg/g (1SD) and A158(H2O) = 293 ± 23 μg/g (1SD). We find that matrix effect among orthopyroxene, olivine, and glass is less than 10%, while that between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene can be up to 20%. Using our calibration, a bridgmanite synthesized by LH-DAC at 33 ± 1 GPa and 3,690 ± 120 K is measured to contain 1,099 ± 14 μg/g water, with partition coefficient of water between bridgmanite and silicate melt ∼0.025, providing the first measurement at such condition. Applying the unique analytical capability of NanoSIMS to minute samples recovered from LH-DAC opens a new window to probe water and other volatiles in Earth’s deep mantle.
The presence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva as a risk factor for endodontic infection
Authors: Gaeta Carlo , Marruganti Crystal , Ali Islam A. A. , Fabbro Andrea , Pinzauti David , Santoro Francesco , Neelakantan Prasanna , Pozzi Gianni , Grandini Simone 
Published: April 2023

AimThe aim of the present study was to investigate and correlate the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis in saliva and in root canals with different pulpal and periapical conditions.MethodologySixty-seven patients were divided into five groups based on pulpal and periapical tissue status: healthy vital teeth (HVT, n=7), healthy treated teeth without lesion (HTT, n=9), irreversible pulpitis (IP, n=13), necrosis (N, n=18), and post-treatment apical periodontitis (PTAP, n=20). Saliva, rubber dam, sterility control and pre-treatment root canal samples were collected and microbiologically processed by culture method. The phylogenetic relationship of E. faecalis isolates collected from root canals and saliva were investigated by whole genome sequencing. Fisher’s exact test was used to correlate the presence of E. faecalis in root canals or saliva with clinical and/or radiographic findings. Linear/logistic regression analyses were performed to establish the relationship between the presence of E. faecalis in root canals, saliva, and the status of periapical tissues.ResultsE. faecalis was found in 18 root canal and saliva samples. E. faecalis root canal isolates were recovered with the highest frequency from post-treatment apical periodontitis. The occurrence of E. faecalis in saliva was strongly associated with its detection in the root canals (P &lt; 0.001). The pretreatment presence of E. faecalis in root canals was associated with significantly higher odds of having periapical lesions (OR=11.03; 95% CI, 1.27-95.70; p &lt; 0.05). Saliva and root canal isolates from the same patient were highly correlated at the phylogenetic level (Jaccard index &gt;0.95).ConclusionThis pilot study confirms the role of E. faecalis in developing peri-radicular lesions in secondary endodontic infections and suggests that saliva could be the main source of infection. Further studies are needed to investigate the exact origin of this bacteria and its true role in the pathogenesis of secondary/persistent endodontic infections.
Antithrombotic regimens for the prevention of major adverse cardiac events in chronic coronary syndrome: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Marques Gustavo Lenci , Albuquerque Arthur Mendonça , Romaniello Gabriela , Bozzi Fernanda Proença Lepca , da Cunha Gustavo Pereira , Andraus Gabriel Savogin , Hastreiter Gabriel , Maniesi Barbara , Baena Cristina , Guedes Murilo 
Published: April 2023

BackgroudAntithrombotic therapy is the cornerstone of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) management. However, the best treatment option that optimally balances bleeding risk and efficacy remains undefined. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of antithrombotic options and identify the optimal treatment option for patients with CCS.MethodsWe used the MEDLINE, CENTRAL and Embase databases to search for randomized controlled trials with follow-up periods longer than 12 months that compared aspirin (ASA) monotherapy with other antithrombotic therapies in patients with CCS. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used. Extracted data [hazard ratios (HR)] were pooled using Bayesian fixed-effect models, allowing the estimation of credible intervals (CrI) and posterior probabilities of benefit, harm, and practical equivalence. Confidence in the results was assessed with the Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) tool. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and primary bleeding, respectively. Secondary outcomes were acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, all-cause, and cardiovascular-specific mortality.ResultsFive trials with a total of 80,605 patients were included. Mean patient age ranged from 61 to 69 years, while 20.3% to 31.4% were women. The reference treatment was ASA monotherapy. ASA + prasugrel 10 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg monotherapy presented the greatest benefit for MACE [HR 0.52 (95% CrI, 0.39–0.71); and 0.68 (95% CrI, 0.54–0.88)]. There was a probability of 98.8% that ASA + ticagrelor was practically equivalent to ASA monotherapy. Regarding the primary bleeding outcome, clopidogrel 75 mg monotherapy performed best [HR 0.64 (0.42, 0.99)]. There was a probability of 97.4% that ASA + Prasugrel 10 mg increases bleeding (HR &gt; 1.0). Secondary outcome results followed a similar treatment ranking pattern as in primary outcomes. Overall, CINeMA confidence ratings were judged as either low or very low.ConclusionsThese results revealed that clopidogrel monotherapy might provide the best risk-benefit balance in treating CCS. However, low CINeMA confidence ratings may preclude more forceful conclusions. Our analysis suggests that current guidelines recommending ASA as first-line therapy for CCS management need to be revised to include additional pharmacological options.
Identification of predictors for the comprehensive clinical risk and severity of coronary lesions of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Li Lihui , Sun Guangfeng , Yu Jiangbo , Shan Gaojun , Su Lide , Dong Guo 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most common cause of death in patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of the study was to identify the predictors of both comprehensive clinical risk and severity of coronary lesions by comprehensive use of GRACE and SYNTAX scores in patients with ACS.MethodsClinical data of 225 ACS patients who underwent coronary angiography between 2015 and 2016 were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis (stepwise) was used to identify the predictors. The predictive ability of predictors and the model were determined using receiver operating characteristics analyses.ResultsMultivariable logistic regression analyses showed that high aspartate aminotransferase (AST) predicted the comprehensive clinical risk with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 1.011 (1.002–1.021). High total cholesterol (TC) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) predicted the severity of coronary lesions with ORs and 95% CIs of 1.517 (1.148–2.004) and 1.556 (1.195–2.028), respectively. Low prealbumin predicted both severity of coronary lesions and comprehensive clinical risk of ACS patients with ORs and 95% CIs of 0.743 (0.672–0.821) and 0.836 (0.769–0.909), respectively. The model with a combination of prealbumin and AST had the highest predictive efficacy for comprehensive clinical risk, and the combination of prealbumin, TC, and RDW had the highest predictive efficacy for the severity of coronary lesions. The sensitivity and specificity, and the optimal cut-off values of these four indexes were determined.ConclusionsFour predictors for the comprehensive clinical risk and severity of coronary lesions of ACS were identified, which provided important information for the early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ACS.
Comparative study of bin and bulk microphysical schemes in simulating a heavy snowfall event that occurred in Beijing during the 2022 Winter Olympic Games
Authors: Li Yupeng , Li Jingyuan , Ping Fan , Li Lin , Li Ji 
Published: April 2023

A heavy snowfall event that struck Beijing during February 12-13, 2022, affected some of the training sessions and events of the Winter Olympic Games. This heavy snowfall event was simulated using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting Model with both the two-moment bulk scheme (BULK) and the spectral bin microphysics scheme (BIN), and the differences in surface precipitation, radar reflectivity, and cloud microphysics processes were compared and analyzed. It was found that surface precipitation was dominated by solid precipitation particles. The 24-h accumulated precipitation of the BULK simulation was larger than that of the BIN simulation, but both were smaller than that observed. The BIN simulation was closer to the observations in terms of the trends of variation in precipitation rate and radar reflectivity during the period of heavy precipitation. The maximum and minimum vertical velocities of the BIN simulation were notably higher than those of the BULK simulation, and the water vapor content of the BIN scheme at the heights of the −10 to −20°C levels and above the −38°C level was substantially higher than that of the BULK scheme. The contents of cloud water and snow simulated by the BIN scheme were much higher than those simulated by the BULK scheme. The nucleation of ice crystals in the middle and high layers of the BULK scheme was obvious, whereas such a process was not evident in the BIN scheme. The net production rate of ice crystals and snow simulated by the BULK scheme was stronger near the surface than that simulated by the BIN scheme, and a second peak in the conversion rate existed at heights very close to the surface below 1 km, which might account for the greater intensity of precipitation in the BULK scheme. The latent heat simulated by the BULK scheme was larger (smaller) than that simulated by the BIN scheme below (above) the height of 2 km.
A longitudinal study on sensitivity to symmetry in writing and associations with early literacy abilities
Authors: Yin Li , McBride Catherine 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionYoung children reportedly find symmetrical prints, such as H, easier to copy and produce from memory than asymmetrical ones. Little is known about how sensitivity to symmetry in print relates to early word reading and writing development. We examined this in Chinese, a visually complex writing system featuring symmetrical patterns, such as X or X.MethodsSixty preschoolers in Beijing completed a character decision task (Experiment 1, Mage = 62.16 months) and a character learning task (Experiment 2, Mage = 63.96 months), using stimuli matched on visual complexity and frequency but differing in symmetry, and were assessed on Chinese word reading and word writing abilities twice with a 2-year interval.ResultsChildren were significantly more likely to endorse symmetrical complex stimuli as possible Chinese than asymmetrical complex ones, and they learned to read symmetrical characters significantly better than asymmetrical ones, reflecting their sensitivity to symmetry in Chinese characters. However, with age and nonverbal IQ statistically controlled, sensitivity to symmetry was not uniquely associated with Chinese word reading or word writing abilities at any time; rather, asymmetrical character learning, which necessitates reduced sensitivity to symmetry, was uniquely associated with Chinese word writing concurrently and longitudinally.DiscussionFindings highlight the close relationship between analytic perception of written words and early writing ability.
Pan-cancer analysis of super enhancer-induced PRR7-AS1 as a potential prognostic and immunological biomarker
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Na , Li Guiqing , Liu Jing , Ma Xiaolin , Liu Xinling , Li Jiaqiu 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Systematic pan-cancer analysis of the roles and regulatory mechanisms for PRR7-AS1 is currently not available.Methods: In the present study, a comprehensive bioinformatic approach was used to mine the underlying oncogenic effects of PRR7-AS1, including expression status, prognostic value and immune characteristics.Results: We discovered that PRR7-AS1 expression was remarkably upregulated in most cancer types and exhibited a negative correlation with the prognosis. Furthermore, PRR7-AS1 expression was inversely connected with the majority of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune scores and immune checkpoint gene expression in pancancer. There was also a significant correlation between PRR7-AS1 expression status and tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and neoantigens in certain tumors. PRR7-AS1 had the best predictive power for immune checkpoint blockade efficacy compared to other well-recognized biomarkers. PRR7-AS1 overexpression could affect cytotoxic T cells-mediated antitumor responses. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that PRR7-AS1 might be involved in the metabolic pathways. Super enhancer activity might have participated in the regulation of PRR7-AS1 expression. And we constructed the competitive endogenous RNA networks for PRR7-AS1.Discussion: In general, PRR7-AS1 had the potential to be a diagnostic, prognostic and immune biomarker for pan cancer. PRR7-AS1 was correlated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment and was a new potential target for immunotherapy. Epigenetic factors were the driving forces for PRR7-AS1 overexpression in tumors.
Thyroid function and associated mood changes after COVID-19 vaccines in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis
Authors: Ma Yifei , Zeng Jiling , Jiang Yongluo , Xu Yi-Wei , Wang Youlong , Zhong Guanqing , Liu Nianqi , Wang Yanqi , Zhang Zhiying , Li Yiming , Chen Shuqin , Wei Xiao-Long , Zhu Pengfei , Jian Guangmin , Lyu Xiajie , Niu Yu Si , Li Mingwei , Liang Shuang , Fu Guangzhen , He Shaohui , Liu CanTong , Zhang Ao , Wang Xinjia 
Published: April 2023

ContextSevere acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) vaccines may incur changes in thyroid functions followed by mood changes, and patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) were suggested to bear a higher risk.ObjectivesWe primarily aim to find whether COVID-19 vaccination could induce potential subsequent thyroid function and mood changes. The secondary aim was to find inflammatory biomarkers associated with risk.MethodsThe retrospective, multi-center study recruited patients with HT receiving COVID-19–inactivated vaccines. C-reactive proteins (CRPs), thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSHs), and mood changes were studied before and after vaccination during a follow-up of a 6-month period. Independent association was investigated between incidence of mood state, thyroid functions, and inflammatory markers. Propensity score–matched comparisons between the vaccine and control groups were carried out to investigate the difference.ResultsFinal analysis included 2,765 patients with HT in the vaccine group and 1,288 patients in the control group. In the matched analysis, TSH increase and mood change incidence were both significantly higher in the vaccine group (11.9% versus 6.1% for TSH increase and 12.7% versus 8.4% for mood change incidence). An increase in CRP was associated with mood change (p&lt; 0.01 by the Kaplan–Meier method) and severity (r = 0.75) after vaccination. Baseline CRP, TSH, and antibodies of thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) were found to predict incidence of mood changes.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccination seemed to induce increased levels and incidence of TSH surge followed by mood changes in patients with HT. Higher levels of pre-vaccine serum TSH, CRP, and anti-TPO values were associated with higher incidence in the early post-vaccine phase.
Identification of biomarkers co-associated with M1 macrophages, ferroptosis and cuproptosis in alcoholic hepatitis by bioinformatics and experimental verification
Authors: Hou Shasha , Wang Dan , Yuan Xiaxia , Yuan Xiaohuan , Yuan Qi 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundsAlcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a major health problem worldwide. There is increasing evidence that immune cells, iron metabolism and copper metabolism play important roles in the development of AH. We aimed to explore biomarkers that are co-associated with M1 macrophages, ferroptosis and cuproptosis in AH patients.MethodsGSE28619 and GSE103580 datasets were integrated, CIBERSORT algorithm was used to analyze the infiltration of 22 types of immune cells and GSVA algorithm was used to calculate ferroptosis and cuproptosis scores. Using the “WGCNA” R package, we established a gene co-expression network and analyzed the correlation between M1 macrophages, ferroptosis and cuproptosis scores and module characteristic genes. Subsequently, candidate genes were screened by WGCNA and differential expression gene analysis. The LASSO-SVM analysis was used to identify biomarkers co-associated with M1 macrophages, ferroptosis and cuproptosis. Finally, we validated these potential biomarkers using GEO datasets (GSE155907, GSE142530 and GSE97234) and a mouse model of AH.ResultsThe infiltration level of M1 macrophages was significantly increased in AH patients. Ferroptosis and cuproptosis scores were also increased in AH patients. In addition, M1 macrophages, ferroptosis and cuproptosis were positively correlated with each other. Combining bioinformatics analysis with a mouse model of AH, we found that ALDOA, COL3A1, LUM, THBS2 and TIMP1 may be potential biomarkers co-associated with M1 macrophages, ferroptosis and cuproptosis in AH patients.ConclusionWe identified 5 potential biomarkers that are promising new targets for the treatment and diagnosis of AH patients.
H3N2 influenza hemagglutination inhibition method qualification with data driven statistical methods for human clinical trials
Authors: Sawant Sheetal , Gurley Sarah Anne , Overman R. Glenn , Sharak Angelina , Mudrak Sarah V. , Oguin Thomas , Sempowski Gregory D. , Sarzotti-Kelsoe Marcella , Walter Emmanuel B. , Xie Hang , Pasetti Marcela F. , Moody M. Anthony , Tomaras Georgia D. 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionHemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers to seasonal influenza strains are important surrogates for vaccine-elicited protection. However, HAI assays can be variable across labs, with low sensitivity across diverse viruses due to lack of standardization. Performing qualification of these assays on a strain specific level enables the precise and accurate quantification of HAI titers. Influenza A (H3N2) continues to be a predominant circulating subtype in most countries in Europe and North America since 1968 and is thus a focus of influenza vaccine research.MethodsAs a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVICs) program, we report on the identification of a robust assay design, rigorous statistical analysis, and complete qualification of an HAI assay using A/Texas/71/2017 as a representative H3N2 strain and guinea pig red blood cells and neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir to prevent NA-mediated agglutination.ResultsThis qualified HAI assay is precise (calculated by the geometric coefficient of variation (GCV)) for intermediate precision and intra-operator variability, accurate calculated by relative error, perfectly linear (slope of -1, R-Square 1), robust (&lt;25% GCV) and depicts high specificity and sensitivity. This HAI method was successfully qualified for another H3N2 influenza strain A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016, meeting all pre-specified acceptance criteria.DiscussionThese results demonstrate that HAI qualification and data generation for new influenza strains can be achieved efficiently with minimal extra testing and development. We report on a qualified and adaptable influenza serology method and analysis strategy to measure quantifiable HAI titers to define correlates of vaccine mediated protection in human clinical trials.