bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Американская финансовая система: банки просят денег
Authors: Алексеев А.В. , Дементьев Н.П. 
Published: June 2023

В статье анализируются причины и особенности почтиодновременного банкротства четырех по-своему знаковых американских банков. Если три первых банка специализировались на обслуживании клиентов из весьма специфических сегментов финансового рынка (криптобиржи, венчурный капитал), то четвертый – традиционный американский банк. Показывается, что триггером для банкротства рассматриваемых банков послужило резкое повышение ключевой ставки ФРС. Однако истинная причина этих банкротств – мягкая монетарная политика, которую проводил финансовый регулятор последние полтора десятилетия. Сверхнизкая ключевая ставка способствовала формированию недостаточно качественных активов и пассивов в американской банковской системе. Невысокое качество активов проявилось при первых же признаках ужесточения монетарной политики. В статье доказывается, что вариантов легкого решения этой проблемы у американского регулятора нет.
Кто и как управляет генерирующими активами в российской электроэнергетике
Authors: Шевелева Г.И. 
Published: June 2023

В статье обсуждаются инвестиционные риски, сопутствующие изменению структуры собственности российских генерирующих компаний. Выявлены существенные различия в качестве их корпоративных практик (2020–2021 гг.) с позиций Кодекса корпоративного управления Банка России. Определены наименее соблюдаемые критерии в разделе «совет директоров» Кодекса. Показаны назревшие изменения в советах директоров этих компаний при сравнении их с аналогичными органами в компаниях Германии и Франции, близких по концентрации собственности и присутствию в ней государства. Эти данные позволили обозначить необходимые преобразования советов директоров в интересах инвесторов, главным образом, в области обновления их структурных характеристик.
Surgical Reconstruction of Mitral-Tricuspid Insufficiency Combined with Biatriomegaly in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Popov Volodymyr V. , Bolshak Oleksandr O. , Boukarim Valery Zh. , Khoroshkovata Olena V. , Gurtovenko Oleksii M. , Novikov Evgen V. 
Published: June 2023

The aim. To analyze the results of introduction of complex reconstruction of the left and right parts of the heart in Marfan syndrome combined with mitral-tricuspid insufficiency, biatriomegaly and left ventriculomegaly.
Materials and methods. As an example of this pathology, we present our observation. Female patient T., 24 years old, was examined and treated from 7/27/2022 to 8/17/2022 at the Department of Surgical Treatment of Acquired Heart Diseases of the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine with a diagnosis: Marfan syndrome. Stage IV mitral-tricuspid insufficiency. Biatriomegaly. High pulmonary hypertension. Permanent form of atrial fibrillation (for 10 years, since 2011). IIB heart failure with left ventriculomegaly with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. NYHA functional class IV+. The patient underwent surgery in the following volume: mitral valve replacement with full preservation of the valve apparatus + tricuspid valve plasty with the imposition of a support ring + triangular plasty of the left atrium with its partial resection + resection of the right atrium.
Results. Within 4 months after surgery, echocardiographic parameters showed significant decrease in the volume of the left ventricle, the diameters of both atria. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and manifestations of heart failure.
Conclusion. Taking into account the initial serious condition of the patient with Marfan syndrome and advanced mitral-tricuspid heart disease, left ventriculomegaly with a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, biatriomegaly (left atrium 7.2 cm, right atrium 6.5 cm), permanent form of atrial fibrillation, complex reconstruction of the left and right parts of the heart leads to an improvement in the functional state of the myocardium.
Block Copolymers of Ethylene Oxide and Propylene Oxide: Prospects for Medical and Pharmaceutical Application in Russia
Authors: Bakhrushina E. O. , Pyzhov V. S. , Sakharova P. S. , Demina N. B. , Chizhova D. A. , Tabanskaya T. V. , Lutfullin M. F. 
Published: June 2023

Block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (EO/PO block copolymers) are polymeric non-ionic surfactants with a high hydrophilic–lipophilic balance also referred to as pluronics, poloxamers, or proxanols. These compounds are among the most demanded modern excipients for the production of medicines. EO/PO block copolymers are used both in the production of traditional (liquid, semi-solid, and solid) dosage forms and as part of targeted delivery systems. The extensive application of EO/PO block copolymers is due to the diverse array of their properties, including not only solubilising, emulsifying, gelling, and other effects but also thermoreversibility, which is essential for developing in situ delivery systems and 3D printing technologies.The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of EO/PO block copolymers for medicinal use and to assess the range of medicinal products approved in the Russian Federation that contain EO/PO block copolymers.This review presents an analysis of the register of poloxamer-containing medicines approved in the Russian Federation, a list of the largest manufacturers of EO/PO block copolymers in the world, and a study of the possibility to use copolymers for medical purposes. Currently, there are more than 10 chemical manufacturers producing EO/PO block copolymers for the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and other industries around the world. EO/PO block copolymers are included in more than 60 medicinal products present in the Russian pharmaceutical market; this observation indicates the need to phase out the import of poloxamers.
Organisational and methodological challenges of CAR-T manufacturing in the Russian Federation
Authors: Drokov M. Y. , Gaponova T. V. , Gubenko T. Y. , Karavaeva O. S. , Telyashov M. A. , Antimonov A. S. , Zubkov V. V. , Parovichnikova E. N. 
Published: June 2023

Despite their widespread clinical implementation, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy products, including those manufactured by industrial processes, are still not legally available or used in the Russian Federation.The aim of the study was to describe the current challenges associated with specific aspects of CAR-T manufacturing in the Russian Federation and the potential ways to overcome them.This article discusses the regulatory, legal, organisational, and methodological challenges of CAR-T manufacturing. It analyses differences in the interpretation of CAR-T therapy products under national and supranational law. According to Russian Federal Law No. 180-FZ “On Biomedical Cell Products” of 23 June 2016, CAR-T therapy products are considered biomedical cell products. However, according to Decision No. 78 of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission “On the Rules of Marketing Authorisation and Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use” of 3 November 2016, CAR-T therapy products are considered advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs). This article provides a detailed overview of the difficulties in obtaining starting biological materials (i.e. the inability to consider the patient as a donor) and transferring the materials for CAR-T manufacturing (i.e. the inapplicability of national law). In addition, this article describes export aspects specific to biological materials. The authors reckon that CAR-T therapy products should be categorised as ATMPs and that the corresponding active pharmaceutical ingredients, genetically modified autologous lymphocytes, should be defined as starting materials. Therefore, genetically modified autologous lymphocytes should be regulated under the requirements for starting materials for the manufacturing of active pharmaceutical ingredients that are set forth in Decision No. 77 of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission “On the Adoption of the Rules of Good Manufacturing Practice of the Eurasian Economic Union” of 3 November 2016. In conclusion, the authors recognise the need for national and supranational law harmonisation. For this task, it is necessary to establish expert groups that will include clinicians, legal experts, and representatives from the relevant authorities and the pharmaceutical industry.
Evaluation of the applicability of immunochromatography to the identification of live plague vaccines and the tularaemia allergen (Tularin)
Authors: Kasina I. V. , Alekseeva S. A. , Nemirovskaya T. I. 
Published: June 2023

The regulatory standards require that the identification of live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin) should be performed by immunofluorescence. A major drawback of the recommended method is its labour intensive nature. However, immunochromatography represents an alternative method that offers a number of advantages, including rapid testing and easy result interpretation. The aim of the study was to assess the applicability of immunochromatography to the identification of live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin).Materials and methods. The authors performed identification tests using samples of the pharmacopoeia standard for live plague vaccines, three commercial batches of a live plague vaccine, and two batches of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin). These samples were tested using immunochromatographic assay (ICA) reagent kits for rapid detection and identification of Yersinia pestis (ICA System for Y. pestis) and Francisella tularensis (ICA System for F. tularensis) manufactured by the State Scientific Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.Results. The findings show that immunochromatography is an effective, rapid, and species-specific method to confirm the presence of Y. pestis in a sample of a live plague vaccine or F. tularensis in a sample of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin). To perform identification tests by immunochromatography, the authors recommend diluting live plague vaccine samples to a concentration of 109 bacterial cells/mL and using undiluted samples of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin).Conclusions. The study results may support the inclusion of ICA into the regulatory standards for live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin) as an alternative identification method.
Effect of the nutrition violation on the of development of functional gastrointestinal disorders in school-age children
Authors: Belousova O. Y. , Zimnytska T. V. , Kazaryan L. V. 
Published: June 2023

Nutrition is one of the important risk factors for the occurrence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children (FGID).
Objective — to study the nutrition violations in children with FGID.
Materials and methods. Observation involved 110 children with FGID aged 6 to 18 years. The patients were divided into two groups: I study group included 44 children with an overlap of functions dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The II study group consisted of 66 pediatric patients with FD. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children. The diagnosis of functional dyspepsia and IBS was established based on the clinical symptoms according to the Rome IV criteria (2016). To detect violations in the nutritional regimen and food preferences of schoolchildren, a questionnaire survey was performed with the use of the Youth Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire, adapted to the model of children’s nutrition in Ukraine.
Results. The frequency of violations in the nutritional regimen, such as refusal of breakfast or a full lunch at school, reducing the daily frequency of meals, was higher in children with FGID than in healthy children. The violations of nutrition in children with overlapping FD and IBS was observed more often than in children with FD. The frequency of consumption of vegetables, cereals and grains was lower in children with FGID, and the consumption of meat, sausages and confectionery, fast food, chips, nuts and seeds, energetics and sweet carbonated beverages was higher than in healthy children. In children with overlapping FD and IBS, the frequency of consumption of vegetables, cereals and grains is lower, and the consumption of confectionery, fast food, energetics, and sweet carbonated drinks was higher than in children with FD.
Conclusions. Violations of the regimen and quality of nutrition is a risk factor for the formation of FGIR in children and should be considered in the treatment.
Psychogastroenterology of disorders of intestinal-brain interaction. Review with own research
Authors: Gubska O. Y. , Prykashchykova H. I. 
Published: June 2023

Disorders of the gut‑brain interaction (DGBI), previously known as functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional dyspepsia (FD), and functional constipation (FC), are widespread worldwide (affecting 40% of the population in different periods of life). Modern understanding of pathophysiology of these conditions are determined by the bidirectional interaction between the intestine and the brain, represented by the biopsychosocial model, as well as changes in the intestinal microbiota, immune function of the mucous membrane, visceral hypersensitivity and abnormal motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Early detection, using symptom‑based criteria, and treatment of these disorders is crucial, as they significantly affect a patient’s quality of life and work capacity, creating a heavy burden on the health care system and entire society. Unfortunately, despite the available recommendations, consensus and a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic approaches, the problem of DGBI remains unresolved. The widespread reasons for the lack of effectiveness DGBIs treatment include stigmatization, late diagnosis and postponing the prescription of therapies affecting the gut‑brain axis, including delay in prescribing neuromodulators and the use of psychological treatment methods. The diagnosis of DGBI is based on the Rome IV criteria and should no longer be considered as a diagnosis of exclusion. Treatment approaches should be more personalized and based not only on symptoms, but also on underlying pathophysiological and psychological features. The purpose of this review is to inform clinicians about the main psychological approaches to the treatment of disorders of the gut‑brain interaction, which should be considered as a comprehensive treatment of DGBI. The purpose of this article is to inform clinicians about main psychological methods of psychotherapy (psycho‑correction) of gut‑brain‑interaction‑disorders, which should be considered as a comprehensive treatment of DGBI, among which biosuggestive therapy has already taken a special place.
Bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment. Review
Authors: Tkach S. M. , Dogotar V. B. 
Published: June 2023

To date, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered as a multifactorial syndrome with the involvement of several central and peripheral pathogenic mechanisms. One of the main peripheral risk factors for IBS is the syndrome of intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Only few studies, investigating SIBO frequency in patients with IBS, have been conducted, their nature is often incomplete and contradictory, and doesn’t consider clinical features and severity of SIBO course. The effectiveness of SIBO eradication in modifying of IBS course is unclear. The article presents an overview of current data on the prevalence of SIBO in IBS compared to controls when using various diagnostic methods, as well as the impact of SIBO eradication on the course of IBS. It is emphasized that the latest systematic reviews and meta‑analyses show that SIBO is closely related to IBS, especially IBS with diarrhea, and the prevalence of SIBO at IBS has been increasing in recent years. In addition, a positive relationship between IBS with constipation and methane‑positive SIBO is determined. The use of the H2‑lactulose breath test is the main practical method of diagnosing SIBO, although it gives significantly higher rates of its prevalence both in patients with IBS and in the corresponding healthy controls. Unfortunately, the sensitivity and specificity of SIBO diagnosis using breathing tests is limited, and the results of studies reflect significant «clinical heterogeneity» due to the lack of uniform criteria for the selection of patients and individuals of the control group. Thus, diagnostic results using hydrogen breath tests should be interpreted with caution. In view of the limitations of available diagnostic tests, there is a need to develop and validate methods to better reveal the presence of SIBO in patients with IBS and ideally guide therapy. In any case, confirmation of the presence of SIBO in patients with IBS requires the administration of antibiotics, rifaximin‑α is the most effective and safe. The clinical improvement and reduction in the frequency of relapses after eradication of SIBO indicates that the latter may play a pathogenetic role in IBS.
Efficacy of inclusion of vitamin U and provitamin B5 combination in the complex therapy of primary osteoarthritis against the background of gastrogenic exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Halabitska I. M. , Babinets L. S. 
Published: June 2023

Clinical comorbidities at osteoarthritis (OA) complicate its treatment. The number and nature of various comorbid conditions determine the severity of the condition in patients with multimorbidity. However, apart from the common risk factors such as aging and obesity, little is known about the biological plausibility of explaining the co‑occurrence of OA and comorbidities. According to the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology, EULAR, and the National Institute of Health and Nursing, the diagnosis and treatment of specific comorbidities, as well as understanding their nature in OA, are important for choosing the best treatment tactics.
Objective — to investigate efficacy of inclusion of vitamin U and provitamin B5 combination in the complex therapy of patients with primary OA in comorbidity with gastrogenic exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) for the correction of clinical syndromes.
Materials and methods. Examinations involved 61 patients with primary OA in comorbidity with gastrointestinal diseases, accompanied by EPI of gastrogenic genesis without exacerbation. The comparison group consisted of 30 practically healthy people. All patients were divided into two comparable groups: group 1 (n=30) received a course of basic therapy drugs, namely: nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs, chondroprotectors and/or chondrostimulators, antispasmodics, prokinetics, proton pump inhibitors, enzyme agents (pancreatin); group 2 (n=31), in addition to the course of basic therapy, received a course of the vitamin drug combination of vitamin U and provitamin B5, 2 tablets once a day for 6 weeks. The calculation of the WOMAC index (Western Ontario and McMaster University) was used to assess the articular status of patients with primary OA, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment measures. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire was used to assess gastrointestinal symptoms.
Results. The proposed complex treatment of patients with primary OA with gastrogenic EPI with the additional inclusion of a vitamin preparation combination of vitamin U and provitamin B5 contributed to more significant regression of WOMAC indices compared to that during protocol treatment (the total WOMAC index decreased by 16.03% against 9.10%, respectively) and indicators of the scales of the GSRS questionnaire in comparison with the subgroup that received treatment according to the protocol (in total — by 35.96% vs. 22.19%, p <0.05),
Conclusions. The study results showed the advisability of using a vitamin medication, a combination of vitamin U and provitamin B5. in the treatment of patients with primary OA with gastrogenic EPI.
Nonalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease: what is known? Literature review
Authors: Chernyshov V. A. 
Published: June 2023

Urinal albumin excretion is widely used in clinical practice as an indicator of diabetic renal injury. In accordance with a classical conception of diabetic nephropathy clinical course, an albuminuria usually precedes a reduction of renal function.
The review is devoted to discussion of an actual problem of contemporary nephrology, nonalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease (NADKD), its prevalence increasingly grows in population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus due to efficacy of glucose lowering, hypotensive, hypolipidemic therapy and smoking cessation. NADKD is more frequently revealed among females; it is associated with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Renal changes in patients with NADKD are heterogenous compared with albuminuric diabetic patients and interstitial changes as well as atherosclerosis can turn out to be the main morphological finding in the absence of glomerulopathy signs. Some modern pathophysiological mechanisms proposed today for understanding of NADKD such as vascular, inflammatory, acute renal injury and use of pharmacological agents with renoprotective properties are elucidated. Contemporary data about clinical characteristics of NADKD, as well as its prognostic value, diagnostics and monitoring and its association with cardiovascular risk are given. A prognostic significance of NADKD should be defined more precisely. NADKD is shown to increase a risk of myocardial infarction and stroke development as well as a death from cardiovascular causes in patients with diabetes mellitus. An importance of the search for alternative diagnostic markers for detecting renal injury in the absence of albuminuria is emphasized. The evaluations of the markers of tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis, as well as proteomic approaches, are considered today as perspective diagnostic and prognostic options in NADKD. The study of pathogenesis, pathomorphology, clinical course of NADKD, as well as the development of approaches for an early diagnostics and treatment of this complication of diabetes mellitus are determined as the tasks for future research.
Materials for the Studies of Candlemas in Polesie: The Magic Uses of Consecrated Candles in the Calendar and the Family Ritual Cycles
Authors: Andrunina Maria 
Published: June 2023

In the traditional culture of Polessie special part belongs to the candles consecrated on the day of Candlemas held on 2/15 of February. These candles are used in the family-life cycles, calendric, agricultural and occasional rites, in multiple magic acts aiming at producing safety and health. The article is based on the data from the Polessian archive and field materials of the author.