bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pinholes in Al/MgF2
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Zhou Peng , Ren Shuai , Wang Haifeng , Li Xinkai , Chen Bo 
Published: March 2023

Pinholes in Al/MgF2 were first inferred by the
transmittance enhancement in Larruquert group’s research. However, no
direct proof was reported to verify the existence of the pinholes in Al/MgF2. In the past 80 years,
pinholes were first observed by dark-field microscopy and bright-field
microscopy in the transmission mode. They were small and on the order
of several hundred nanometers to several micrometers. Essentially, the
pinhole was not a real hole, partially because of the lack of the Al
element. Increasing the thickness of Al cannot reduce the size of the
pinholes. The occurrence of the pinholes was dependent on the
deposition rate of the Al film and the substrate heating temperature,
and it was independent of the substrate materials. This research
eliminates an otherwise easily ignored scattering source, and it will
benefit the development of ultra-precise optics, including mirrors for
gyro-lasers, the detection of gravitational waves, and coronagraph
detection.
Collection of triatomines from sylvatic habitats by a Trypanosoma cruzi-infected scent detection dog in Texas, USA
Authors: Christopher Devin M. , Curtis-Robles Rachel , Hamer Gabriel L. , Bejcek Justin , Saunders Ashley B. , Roachell Walter D. , Cropper Thomas Leo , Hamer Sarah A. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundTriatomine insects, vectors of the etiologic agent of Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), are challenging to locate in sylvatic habitats. Collection techniques used in the United States often rely on methods to intercept seasonally dispersing adults or on community scientists’ encounters. Neither method is suited for detecting nest habitats likely to harbor triatomines, which is important for vector surveillance and control. Furthermore, manual inspection of suspected harborages is difficult and unlikely to reveal novel locations and host associations. Similar to a team that used a trained dog to detect sylvatic triatomines in Paraguay, we worked with a trained scent detection dog to detect triatomines in sylvatic locations across Texas.Principle methodology/FindingsZiza, a 3-year-old German Shorthaired Pointer previously naturally infected withT.cruzi, was trained to detect triatomines. Over the course of 6 weeks in the fall of 2017, the dog and her handler searched at 17 sites across Texas. The dog detected 60 triatomines at 6 sites; an additional 50 triatomines were contemporaneously collected at 1 of these sites and 2 additional sites without the assistance of the dog. Approximately 0.98 triatomines per hour were found when only humans were conducting searches; when working with the dog, approximately 1.71 triatomines per hour were found. In total, 3 adults and 107 nymphs of four species (Triatoma gerstaeckeri,Triatoma protracta,Triatoma sanguisuga, andTriatoma indictiva) were collected. PCR testing of a subset revealedT.cruziinfection, including DTUs TcI and TcIV, in 27% of nymphs (n = 103) and 66% of adults (n = 3). Bloodmeal analysis of a subset of triatomines (n = 5) revealed feeding on Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), Southern plains woodrat (Neotoma micropus), and eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus).Conclusion/SignificanceA trained scent detection dog enhanced triatomine detections in sylvatic habitats. This approach is effective at detecting nidicolous triatomines. Control of sylvatic sources of triatomines is challenging, but this new knowledge of specific sylvatic habitats and key hosts may reveal opportunities for novel vector control methods to block the transmission ofT.cruzito humans and domestic animals.
History of Gestational Diabetes and Incident Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Authors: Cho Yoosun , Chang Yoosoo , Ryu Seungho , Kim Chanmin , Wild Sarah H. , Byrne Christopher D. 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
We examined the relationship between a previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM) and risk of incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and investigated the effect of insulin resistance or development of diabetes as mediators of any association.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 64,397 Korean parous women without NAFLD. The presence of and the severity of NAFLD at baseline and follow-up were assessed using liver ultrasonography. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine adjusted hazard ratios for incident NAFLD according to a self-reported GDM history, adjusting for confounders as time-dependent variables. Mediation analyses were performed to examine whether diabetes or insulin resistance may mediate the association between pGDM and incident NAFLD.

RESULTS:
During a median follow-up of 3.7 years, 6,032 women developed incident NAFLD (of whom 343 had moderate-to-severe NAFLD). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing women with time-dependent pGDM with the reference group (no pGDM) were 1.46 (1.33–1.59) and 1.75 (1.25–2.44) for incident overall NAFLD and moderate-to-severe NAFLD, respectively. These associations remained significant in analyses restricted to women with normal fasting glucose <100 mg/dL or that excluded women with prevalent diabetes at baseline or incident diabetes during follow-up. Diabetes and insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) each mediated <10% of the association between pGDM and overall NAFLD development.

DISCUSSION:
A previous history of GDM is an independent risk factor for NAFLD development. Insulin resistance, measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, and development of diabetes each explained only <10% of the association between GDM and incident NAFLD.
Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment Outcomes in Women With Liver Disease
Authors: Lee Jessica D. , Gounko Dmitry , Lee Joseph A. , Mukherjee Tanmoy , Kushner Tatyana 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTION:
There is a need for evidence-based counseling for women with chronic liver disease (LD) who may experience impaired fertility. Currently, the literature on assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in women with LD has been limited to a single European case series. We evaluated ART treatment outcomes in patients with LD and compared with controls.

METHODS:
The retrospective study evaluated women with and without LD who had normal ovarian reserve and underwent ART treatment in a high-volume fertility practice from 2002 to 2021.

RESULTS:
We identified 295 women with LD (mean age 37.8 ± 5.2 years) who underwent 1,033 ART treatment cycles; of these women, 115 underwent 186 in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Six women (2.0%) had cirrhosis, 8 (2.7%) were postliver transplantation, and 281 (95.3%) had chronic LD, with viral hepatitis (B and C) being the most prevalent. In the subgroup who underwent IVF and embryo biopsy, the median fibrosis-4 score was 0.81 (0.58–1.03), and there were no statistically significant differences in response to controlled ovarian stimulation, embryo fertilization rate, or ploidy outcome in patients with LD compared with controls. In those who subsequently underwent a single thawed euploid embryo transfer to achieve pregnancy, there were no statistically significant differences in rates of clinical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy loss, or live birth in patients with LD compared with controls.

DISCUSSION:
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest to date to evaluate IVF efficacy in women with LD. Our study demonstrates that patients with LD have similar ART treatment outcomes compared with those without LD.
Cardiac Surgery for Treatment of COVID-19–Associated Infectious Endocarditis
Authors: Taghizadeh-Waghefi Ali , Petrov Asen , Wilbring Manuel , Alexiou Konstantin , Kappert Utz , Matschke Klaus , Tugtekin Sems-Malte 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Significant uncertainty exists about the optimal timing of surgery for infectious endocarditis (IE) surgery in patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection. This case series and a systematic review of the literature were carried out to evaluate the timing of surgery and postsurgical outcomes for patients with COVID-19–associated IE.

Methods
The PubMed database was searched for reports published from June 20, 2020, to June 24, 2021, that contained the terms infective endocarditis and COVID-19. A case series of 8 patients from the authors' facility was also added.

Results
A total of 12 cases were included, including 4 case reports that met inclusion criteria in addition to a case series of 8 patients from the authors' facility. Mean (SD) patient age was 61.9 (17.1) years, and patients were predominantly male (91.7%). Being overweight was the main comorbidity among patients studied (7/8 [87.5%]). Among all patients evaluated in this study, dyspnea (n = 8 [66.7%]) was the leading symptom, followed by fever (n = 7 [58.3%]). Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus caused 75.0% of COVID-19–associated IE. The mean (SD) time to surgery was 14.5 (15.6) days (median, 13 days). In-hospital and 30-day mortality for all evaluated patients was 16.7% (n = 2).

Conclusion
Clinicians must carefully assess patients diagnosed with COVID-19 to prevent missing underlying diseases such as IE. If IE is suspected, clinicians should avoid postponement of crucial diagnostic and treatment steps.
Work with embryonic stem cells – legal considerations
Authors: Gärditz Klaus Ferdinand 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Apparently, there is a broad scope of legal issues affecting the work with embryonic stem cells. I cannot address them all. I would like to focus on two fields of law and discuss, rather in the overview, some salient issues of German constitutional and administrative law framing the scientific research process. Compared to the sophisticated scientific work we discuss here, legal arguments and operations remain blunt and awkward, addressing rather the identity of a society than the fluid frontiers of science and technology.
Crystal structure of Eu2Pd3.37(1)Zn13.63(1)
Authors: Klenner Steffen , Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Eu2Pd3.37Zn13.63, trigonal,

R

3
‾

m

$R\overline{3}m$

(no. 166), a = 9.1693(7) Å, c = 13.2443(13) Å, V = 964.34(14) Å3, Z = 3, Rgt
(F) = 0.0268, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0287, T = 293 K.
Aufdeckung von Steuerhinterziehung in der Schweiz durch den automatischen Informationsaustausch
Authors: Pfaff Dieter , Ruffing-Straube Patricia , Staubli David 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die Hinterziehung von Steuern soll durch den international eingeführten automatischen Informationsaustausch (AIA) aufgedeckt und eingedämmt werden. Zudem besteht in der Schweiz seit 2010 die straflose Selbstanzeige. Im Zusammenhang mit der internationalen Einführung des AIA ist ein deutlicher Anstieg der straflosen Selbstanzeigen zu beobachten. Dabei werden erhebliche kantonale Unterschiede sichtbar. So ist die Anzahl strafloser Selbstanzeigen pro zehntausend Steuerpflichtige in Kantonen mit hohen Vermögensteuern, getrieben durch die bevölkerungsstarken Genferseekantone, nach der Einführung des AIA tendenziell höher. Da das Selbstanzeigeverhalten im Zuge des AIA vorwiegend ausländisches Vermögen und Einkommen betrifft, könnte auch der Anteil der zugewanderten Wohnbevölkerung eine Rolle spielen.
Preparation and potential application of amino-functionalized titanosilicates to removal of Th(IV) in aqueous solutions: optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)
Authors: Alamdar Milani Saeid , Neishabori Salehi Rasoul , Manouchehri Peyman , Faryadi Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Mesoporous titanosilicates (TiSil) with a size of almost 25 nm were prepared by an alkali-assisted hydro-thermal route, as an choice for developing efficient adsorbents of Th(IV) ions. TiSil were functionalized with the amino functional group (-NH2) from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) by post-preparation method. The obtained amino-grafted titanosilicates (TiSilNH2) were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Adsorption of Th(IV) ions on TiSilNH2 was examined in aqueous solution. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the four essential process variables namely initial pH and initial concentration of Th(IV) ions of aqueous solution, amount of adsorbent, and adsorption process temperature for the Th(IV) removal. The adequacy of the model was investigated, and it was deemed to be statistically significant. The optimal predicted adsorption capacity of TiSilNH2 for Th(IV) ions was 83.04 mg/g and the actual value was 84.8 mg/g. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models. The equi-librium data were best re-presented by Langmuir isotherm model, showing maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 87.71 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the Th(IV) adsorption on the TiSilNH2 was a spontaneous, and endo-thermic process at the studied temperatures and occurred via physisorption. Adsorbent recovery by using 0.5 M HNO3 solution for adsorbent reuse indicated that the adsorbent was regenerable and could be employed frequently.
The effect of temperature on the tensile properties and failure mechanisms of two-dimensional braided composites
Authors: Li Qianhe , Gao Yantao , Ruan Fangtao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) braided composites have excellent structural integrity and damage tolerance. Currently, there are few researches focused on the effect of temperature on tensile failure behaviors of 2D braided composites. In this study, 2D biaxial braided composites with different fiber materials were prepared, and the tensile properties and failure mechanisms of these braided composites at different temperatures were studied by means of the tensile test and the high-definition charge coupled device optical microscope. The results show that temperature has significant effects on the tensile properties and fracture damage of 2D braided composites. As the temperature increases, the tensile properties of the two braided composites decrease obviously, and their external fracture failure becomes subtle, while their internal deformation damage becomes significant. Moreover, the differences between the two fibers in tensile fracture behaviors of composites can be more conspicuously observed at higher temperatures.
Regulation of branched versus linear Arp2/3‐generated actin filaments
Authors: Cao Luyan , Ghasemi Foad , Way Michael , Jégou Antoine , Romet‐Lemonne Guillaume 
Published: March 2023

AbstractActivation of the Arp2/3 complex by VCA‐motif‐bearing actin nucleation‐promoting factors results in the formation of “daughter” actin filaments branching off the sides of pre‐existing “mother” filaments. Alternatively, when stimulated by SPIN90, Arp2/3 directly nucleates “linear” actin filaments. Uncovering the similarities and differences between these two mechanisms is fundamental to understanding how actin cytoskeleton dynamics are regulated. Here, analysis of individual filaments reveals that, unexpectedly, the VCA motifs of WASP, N‐WASP, and WASH destabilize existing branches, as well as SPIN90‐Arp2/3 at linear filament ends. Furthermore, branch stabilizer cortactin and destabilizer GMF each have a similar impact on SPIN90‐activated Arp2/3. However, unlike branch junctions, SPIN90‐Arp2/3 at the ends of linear filaments is not destabilized by piconewton forces and does not become less stable with time. It thus appears that linear and branched Arp2/3‐generated filaments respond similarly to the regulatory proteins we have tested, albeit with some differences, but significantly differ in their responses to aging and mechanical stress. These kinetic differences likely reflect the small conformational differences recently reported between Arp2/3 in branch junctions and linear filaments and suggest that their turnover in cells may be differently regulated.
Tonic Eye-Opening Associated with the «Burst-Suppression» Pattern in Patients with Acute Anoxic Brain Injury (Case Series)
Authors: Sinkin M. V. , Broutian A. G. , Seliverstova E. G. , Salimov K. A. , Baranova E. A. , Popugaev K. A. 
Published: March 2023

Massive anoxic brain injury caused by cardiac arrest leads to wakefulness suppression up to coma. The prediction of outcome is based on the analysis of the clinical features and the results of instrumental tests. One of the well-known signs of an unfavorable prognosis is involuntary motor activity, which is most commonly represented by myoclonus. In case of their cortical origin, they are accompanied by epileptiform activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG).Material and methods. We present a case series and literature review concerning a very rare fatal sign, non-rhythmic spontaneous eye opening accompanied by a «burst-suppression» pattern (BS) in the EEG. All patients suffered from transient acute hypotension or arrhythmia that required cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in three cases. A literature search found only 11 publications describing post-anoxic tonic eye-opening (PATEO).Results. The PATEO with BS was observed for less than a day followed by cessation of brain bioelectric activity in all patients. Only two patients exhibited isolated eye-opening and closing, while the rest had axial and limbs myoclonus just after CPR. In one case, eyelid opening was followed by a clonic movement of the head to the right, the EEG bursts were prolonged and had spike-like morphology. Three patients received antiepileptic and sedative therapy. All patients died in 3-43 days after the fatal cardiovascular event.Visual superposition of bursts in EEG and myogram of m. orbicularis oculi demonstrating identical morphology for EEG and myographic bursts was described for the first time. Our cases and literature review confirm that, regardless of the intensive treatment, patients with PATEO have fatal outcomes.Conclusion. The clinical and electrographic PATEO with BS phenomenon always indicates a lethal prognosis. The origin of PATEO is still under discussion. We suggest that it could be caused by disinhibition of subcortical and stem structures during extensive death of cerebral cortical neurons.
Le rôle des Hongrois dans la Chronique de Morée •
Authors: Török Ábel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study examines the role and perception of Hungarians in the Chronicle of Morea (Τὸ Χρονικὸν τοῦ Μορέως). It presents the passages in which the Chronicle mentions the Hungarian people or the Kingdom of Hungary, and compares them with passages in other contemporary literary and historical works in Old French and Byzantine Greek that also mention Hungarians. It seeks to answer the question why the Chronicle, which tells the history of the hostile crusader states, speaks of the Hungarians, who were generally close to Byzantium and helped the successor states of the Byzantine Empire, in a more laudatory tone and in more praiseworthy terms than other contemporary sources closer to the Hungarians. The study also examines the role of the descendants of Béla III, the Saint-Omer brothers, and the literary role of Sir Nicolas II de Saint-Omer. Finally, it analyses the Chronicle's excerpt of the succession dispute of Akova, which is closely linked to the descendants of Béla III.
Modeling finite-fault radiation from the ωnspectrum
Authors: Beresnev Igor A. , Atkinson Gail M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe high-frequency seismic field near the epicenter of a large earthquake is modeled by subdividing the fault plane into subelements and summing their contributions at the observation point. Each element is treated as a point source with an ω2 spectral shape, where ω is the angular frequency. Ground-motion contributions from the subsources are calculated using a stochastic model. Attenuation is based on simple geometric spreading in a whole space, coupled with regional anelastic attenuation (Q operator).The form of the ωn spectrum with natural n follows from point shear-dislocation theory with an appropriately chosen slip time function. The seismic moment and corner frequency are the two parameters defining the point-source spectrum and must be linked to the subfault size to make the method complete. Two coefficients, Δσ and K, provide this link. Assigning a moment to a subfault of specified size introduces the stress parameter, Δσ. The relationship between corner frequency (dislocation growth rate) and fault size is established through the coefficient K, which is inherently nonunique. These two parameters control the number of subsources and the amplitudes of high-frequency radiation, respectively. Derivation of the model from shear-dislocation theory reveals the unavoidable uncertainty in assigning ωn spectrum to faults with finite size. This uncertainty can only be reduced through empirical validation.The method is verified by simulating data recorded on rock sites near epicenters of the M8.0 1985 Michoacan (Mexico), the M8.0 1985 Valparaíso (Chile), and the M5.8 1988 Saguenay (Québec) earthquakes. Each of these events is among the largest for which strong-motion records are available, in their respective tectonic environments. The simulations for the first two earthquakes are compared to the more detailed modeling of Somerville et al. (1991), which employs an empirical source function and represents the effects of crustal structure using the theoretical impulse response. Both methods predict the observations accurately on average. The precision of the methods is also approximately equal; the predicted acceleration amplitudes in our model are generally within 15% of observations. An unexpected result of this study is that a single value of a parameter K provides a good fit to the data at high frequencies for all three earthquakes, despite their different tectonic environments. This suggests a simplicity in the modeling of source processes that was unanticipated.
Crustal and uppermost mantle velocity structure of northern Eurasia along the profile Quartz
Authors: Schueller Werner , Morozov Igor B. , Smithson Scott B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the DSS profile Quartz in northwestern Russia is determined using a linearized seismic tomography scheme. The analysis is performed on the northern 2200 km of the profile spanning from the Kola Peninsula, the Timan-Pechora basin, and the Uralian fold belt to the west Siberian basin. Refracted and reflected phases recorded from 28 chemical and two nuclear shot points are analyzed.The inversion technique allows determination of the P-wave velocity structure and estimation of the depth of the crust-mantle discontinuity. Resolution analysis shows that the upper crustal structure and sections of the lower crust and uppermost mantle are well resolved. The modeled velocity and crustal thickness anomalies are confirmed by the resulting structure of the resolution matrix. Poorer ray coverage in parts of the lower crust and most sections of the uppermost mantle limits their resolvable structures.A thick (over 10 km), high-velocity block (Vp &gt; 7.0 km/sec) in the lower crust of the Precambrian beneath the Kola Peninsula; crustal thinning and a wide range of compressional velocities in the sedimentary basin structures; and a significant crustal root beneath the Uralian fold belt (42 to 45 km Moho depth with high lower crustal velocities exceeding 7.0 km/sec) were identified in the tectonic structure of northwestern Eurasia.