bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Monitoring and Response for Military Bases in Singapore—Perspectives and Lessons From January to June 2020
Authors: Tan Kian Wei Alvin , Pong Jia Jing Jonathan , Teoh Jeremy , Wahab Muhammad Taufeeq , Tan Clive 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Military forces around the world face an increased risk of the spread of communicable diseases, due to the close living quarters and congregated nature of the military camps. The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) implemented a multi-pronged surveillance and containment strategy to reduce the risk of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak within the local military camps. This paper details the epidemiological investigations of the COVID-19 cases in the SAF and highlights the strategies and public health measures undertaken, aligned with the national COVID-19 control strategy, to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission in the military camps.

Materials and Methods
Medical data of our military personnel who were infected with COVID-19 during the first 180 days of the pandemic were extracted from the military electronic health records. Contact tracing and activity mapping results were obtained from unit-level epidemiological data. A review of the organization’s response plans, instructions, and orders was conducted to collate the measures implemented across the same time period.

Results
Prompt contact tracing and activity mapping was done for each of the 24 SAF military personnel diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 2020 and June 2020, with possible links among the cases identified and investigated.

Conclusion
A combination of strategies in the formulation of public health measures based on key principles of early warning and surveillance, prompt diagnosis, and early containment were successful in preventing the formation of COVID-19 clusters within the SAF. This will provide a framework for the management of future pandemics within the military setting, driven by strong governance and leadership, to meet the military’s need to maintain operational readiness in a safe manner.
Remote Damage Control Resuscitation: A Case Report of Hemorrhagic Shock Secondary to Multiple Gunshot Wounds
Authors: Puris Gal , Gelikas Shaul , Pikman Regina , Shapira Shachar , Talmy Tomer , Almog Ofer , Yazer Mark H , Benov Avi , Gendler Sami 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Hypovolemic shock is the leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield. Remote damage control resuscitation has evolved dramatically in the past decade by introducing novel treatments and approaches to bleeding in the prehospital setting. This report presents a case of a casualty who sustained multiple gunshot wounds to the chest and gluteal regions and suffered from hemorrhagic shock with an Injury Severity Score of 34. The casualty was treated at the point of injury and during evacuation according to the IDF’s remote damage control resuscitation algorithm utilizing the range of blood products available in the IDF. Prompt identification of the mechanism of injury, clinical and tactical decision-making, and immediate advanced medical care through several prehospital medical evacuation platforms culminated in this casualty’s survival. This case emphasizes the importance of medical advancements in prehospital field care and guideline-directed treatment to improve casualty survival.
Synthetic radio images of structured GRB and kilonova afterglows
Authors: Nedora Vsevolod , Dietrich Tim , Shibata Masaru 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we compute and analyse synthetic radio images of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and kilonova afterglows. For modelling the former, we consider GRB170817A-inspired set of parameters, while for the latter, we employ ejecta profiles from numerical-relativity simulations. We find that the kilonova afterglow sky map has a doughnut-like structure at early times that becomes more ring-like at late times. This is caused by the fact that the synchrotron emission from electrons following Maxwellian distribution function dominates the early beamed emission, while emissions from electrons following power-law distribution is important at late times. For an on-axis observer, the image flux centroid moves on the image plane, initially away from the observer. The image sizes, we find, are the largest for equal mass merger simulations with the soft equation of state. The presence of a kilonova afterglow affects the properties inferred from the source sky map, even if the GRB afterglow dominates the total flux density. The main effect is the reduction of the mean apparent velocity of the source, and an increase in the source size. However, this effect becomes negligible around the light curve peak of the GRB afterglow. For a far off-axis observer, neglecting the presence of the kilonova afterglow may lead to systematic errors in the inference of GRB properties from the sky map observations. Notably, at the observing angle inferred for GRB170817A, the presence of kilonova afterglow would affect the sky map properties, only at very late times $t\gtrsim 1500\,$ d.
An investigation of non-canonical mixing in red giant stars using APOGEE 12C/13C ratios observed in open cluster stars
Authors: McCormick Caroline , Majewski Steven R , Smith Verne V , Hayes Christian R , Cunha Katia , Masseron Thomas , Weiss Achim , Shetrone Matthew , Almeida Andrés , Frinchaboy Peter M , García-Hernández Domingo Aníbal , Nitschelm Christian 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Standard stellar evolution theory poorly predicts the surface abundances of chemical species in low-mass, red giant branch (RGB) stars. Observations show an enhancement of p–p chain and CNO cycle products in red giant envelopes, which suggests the existence of non-canonical mixing that brings interior burning products to the surface of these stars. The 12C/13C ratio is a highly sensitive abundance metric used to probe this mixing. We investigate extra RGB mixing by examining: (1) how 12C/13C is altered along the RGB, and (2) how 12C/13C changes for stars of varying age and mass. Our sample consists of 43 red giants, spread over 15 open clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s APOGEE DR17, that have reliable 12C/13C ratios derived from their APOGEE spectra. We vetted these 12C/13C ratios and compared them as a function of evolution and age/mass to the standard mixing model of stellar evolution, and to a model that includes prescriptions for RGB thermohaline mixing and stellar rotation. We find that the observations deviate from standard mixing models, implying the need for extra mixing. Additionally, some of the abundance patterns depart from the thermohaline model, and it is unclear whether these differences are due to incomplete observations, issues inherent to the model, our assumption of the cause of extra mixing, or any combination of these factors. Nevertheless, the surface abundances across our age/mass range clearly deviate from the standard model, agreeing with the notion of a universal mechanism for RGB extra mixing in low-mass stars.
Relativistic coronal mass ejections from magnetars
Authors: Sharma Praveen , Barkov Maxim V , Lyutikov Maxim 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
We study dynamics of relativistic coronal mass ejections (CMEs), from launching by shearing of foot-points (either slowly – the ‘Solar flare’ paradigm, or suddenly – the ‘star quake’ paradigm), to propagation in the preceding magnetar wind. For slow shear, most of the energy injected into the CME is first spent on the work done on breaking through the overlaying magnetic field. At later stages, sufficiently powerful CMEs may lead to the ‘detonation’ of a CME and opening of the magnetosphere beyond some equipartition radius req, where the decreasing energy of the CME becomes larger than the decreasing external magnetospheric energy. Post-CME magnetosphere relaxes via the formation of a plasmoid-mediated current sheet, initially at ∼req, and slowly reaching the light cylinder. Both the location of the foot-point shear and the global magnetospheric configuration affect the frequent/weak versus rare/powerful CME dichotomy – to produce powerful flares, the slow shear should be limited to field lines that close in near the star. After the creation of a topologically disconnected flux tube, the tube quickly (at ∼ the light cylinder) comes into force-balance with the preceding wind and is passively advected/frozen in the wind afterward. For fast shear (a local rotational glitch), the resulting large amplitude Alfvén waves lead to the opening of the magnetosphere (which later recovers similarly to the slow shear case). At distances much larger than the light cylinder, the resulting shear Alfvén waves propagate through the wind non-dissipatively.
Scale-dependent analysis of angular momentum flux in high-resolution magnetohydrodynamic simulations for solar differential rotation
Authors: Mori K , Hotta H 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work, we systematically investigate the scale-dependent angular momentum flux by analysing high-resolution three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations in which the solar-like differential rotation is reproduced without using any manipulations. More specifically, the magnetic angular momentum transport (AMT) plays a dominant role in the calculations. We examine the important spatial scales for the magnetic AMT. The main conclusions of our approach can be summarized as follows: 1. Turbulence transports the angular momentum radially inward. This effect is more pronounced in the highest resolution calculation. 2. The dominant scale for the magnetic AMT is the smallest spatial scale. 3. The dimensionless magnetic correlation is low in the high-resolution simulation. Thus, chaotic but strong small-scale magnetic fields achieve efficient magnetic AMT.
Fusion of electromagnetic world and digital world through information metasurface: an interview with Tie Jun Cui
Authors: Dai Linglong 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Metasurfaces consist of subwavelength artificial elements (also called meta-atoms) arranged in a two-dimensional fashion. Through careful design of these elements, the metasurfaces can control the amplitude, phase, frequency, and polarization of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Information metasurfaces extend this concept by characterizing the meta-atoms in a digital manner, integrating functionalities for information processing. The information metasurfaces can simultaneously manipulate the EM waves in reprogrammable ways and modulate the digital information in real time, making the fusion of the EM world and digital world. The information metasurfaces have found diverse applications in wireless communications, intelligent sensing and imaging, intelligent computing, and internet of things (IoT).
Prof. Tie Jun Cui is affiliated with Southeast University in Nanjing, China, where he serves as the Director of the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves. He is a prominent researcher in the field of metamaterial, metasurface, and computational electromagnetics. He has proposed the concepts, and made systematic studies, of digital coding metasurfaces and programmable metasurfaces, and established the system of information metasurfaces, building a direct link between the electromagnetic world and digital world.
NSR spoke to Professor Cui on the recent advancement and the prospects of information metasurfaces.
Projected Benefits of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy in Nonsuppressed People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Experiencing Adherence Barriers
Authors: Chen Wanyi , Gandhi Monica , Sax Paul E , Neilan Anne M , Garland Wendy H , Wilkin Timothy , Cohen Rebecca , Ciaranello Andrea L , Kulkarni Sonali P , Eron Joseph , Freedberg Kenneth A , Hyle Emily P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
In a demonstration project, long-acting, injectable cabotegravir-rilpivirine (CAB-RPV) achieved viral suppression in a high proportion of people with HIV (PWH) who were virologically nonsuppressed with adherence barriers. We projected the long-term impact of CAB-RPV for nonsuppressed PWH experiencing adherence barriers.

Methods
Using the Cost-Effectiveness of Preventing AIDS Complications (CEPAC) model, we compared 3 strategies: (1) standard of care oral integrase inhibitor–based ART (INSTI); (2) INSTI-based ART with supportive social services (“wraparound services” [WS]) (INSTI/WS); and (3) CAB-RPV with WS (CAB-RPV/WS). Model outcomes included viral suppression (%) and engagement in care (%) at 3 years, and life expectancy (life-years [LYs]). Base case cohort characteristics included mean age of 47y (standard deviation [SD], 10y), 90% male at birth, and baseline mean CD4 count 150/µL (SD, 75/µL). Viral suppression at 3 months was 13% (INSTI), 28% (INSTI/WS), and 60% (CAB-RPV/WS). Mean loss to follow-up was 28/100 person-years (PY) (SD, 2/100 PY) without WS and 16/100 PY (SD, 1/100 PY) with WS.

Results
Projected viral suppression at 3 years would vary widely: 16% (INSTI), 38% (INSTI/WS), and 44% (CAB-RPV/WS). Life expectancy would be 7.4 LY (INSTI), 9.0 LY (INSTI/WS), and 9.4 LY (CAB-RPV/WS). Projected benefits over oral ART would be greater for PWH initiating CAB-RPV/WS at lower CD4 counts. Across plausible key parameter ranges, CAB-RPV/WS would improve viral suppression and life expectancy compared with oral INSTI strategies.

Conclusions
These model-based results support that long-acting injectable CAB-RPV with extensive support services for nonsuppressed PWH experiencing adherence barriers is likely to increase viral suppression and improve survival. A prospective study to provide further evidence is needed.
Supporting meaningful research partnerships: an interview study applying behavior change theory to develop relevant recommendations for researchers
Authors: Shwed Alanna , Giroux Emily E , Hoekstra Femke , McKay Rhyann C , Schaefer Lee , West Christopher R , McPhail Lowell T , Sibley Kathryn M , McBride Christopher B , Munro Barry , Kaiser Anita ,   SCI Guiding Principles Consensus Panel, Gainforth Heather L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Research partnerships, while promising for ensuring translation of relevant and useable findings, are challenging and need support. This study aimed to apply behavior change theory to understand and support researchers’ adoption of a research partnership approach and the Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) Guiding Principles for conducting and disseminating spinal cord injury (SCI) research in partnership. Using an IKT approach, SCI researchers across Canada and the USA completed a survey (n = 22) and were interviewed (n = 13) to discuss barriers and facilitators to deciding to partner and follow the IKT Guiding Principles. The Behaviour Change Wheel, Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), and Mode of Delivery Ontology were used to develop the survey, interview questions, and guided analyses of interview data. COM-B and TDF factors were examined using descriptive statistics and abductive analyses of barriers and facilitators of decisions to partner and/or use the IKT Guiding Principles. TDF domains from the interview transcripts were then used to identify intervention, content, and implementation options. 142 factors (79 barriers, 63 facilitators) related to deciding to partner, and 292 factors (187 barriers, 105 facilitators) related to deciding to follow the IKT Guiding Principles were identified. Barriers to partnering or use the IKT Guiding Principles were primarily related to capability and opportunity and relevant intervention options were recommended. Interventions must support researchers in understanding how to partner and use the IKT Guiding Principles while navigating a research system, which is not always supportive of the necessary time and costs required for meaningful research partnerships.
Composition and structural organization of tardigrades feeding apparatus focusing on chitin and other autofluorescent molecules
Authors: Massa Edoardo , Rebecchi Lorena , Guidetti Roberto 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chitin is a structural sugar broadly distributed among all kingdoms, and it is present in Tardigrada as α-chitin. Its presence in the buccopharyngeal apparatus of tardigrades was confirmed in previous studies and associated with autofluorescence emission, and within this emission three components were identified. This study aimed to localize the chitin in the buccopharyngeal apparatus and to understand the nature of the other autofluorescent components. Calcofluor white staining of three tardigrade species (Echiniscus sp., Milnesium sp., Macrobiotus sp.) allowed the chitin localization in the feeding structures and the separation of its signal from the whole autofluorescence emission via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Comparing different fluorochromes found in tardigrades and in the nematode Panagrellus pycnus, lambda and square lambda analyses showed that part of the autofluorescent signal is imputable to a collagen-like compound. The images acquired were analysed for morphological, functional, and evolutionary purposes. Chitin and the other autofluorescent compound were localized in the structures of the buccopharyngeal apparatus. Their distribution highlighted the presence of different levels of ‘flexibility/strength’ of the structures providing better understanding of their mechanical properties and relating them to the characteristics of the three major limnoterrestrial clades of the phylum Tardigrada.
Elevated serum levels of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing molecule 3 in patients with systemic inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Chieh , Yu Wen-Chung , Weng Chang-Chi , Chen Wei-Jen , Chen Chun-Ku , Lee Ying-Chi , Chen Ming-Han 
Published: July 2023

Background:
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been widely used. Some unexpected adverse effects such as the development of systemic hyper inflammation with multiorgan involvement after vaccination, in rare cases, have been reported. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear.

Methods:
This study recruited two cases who suffered from systemic inflammation following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and two 30-year-old male volunteers without underlying disease who have received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine as control group. Blood samples were collected from our patients and healthy subjects before and after treatment with anti-inflammatory agent such as glucocorticoid and tocilizumab. The immune profile from our patients and healthy controls were measured using a human XL cytokine Proteome Profiler array (ARY022b, R&D Systems).

Results:
Biochemical parameters revealed leukocytosis with segmented neutrophil dominance and elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and ferritin in these two patients. The cytokine array revealed that mean levels of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) (3640.3 vs 1580.5 pixels per inch [ppi]), B-cell activating factor (BAFF) (3036.8 vs 1471.0 ppi), urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (uPAR) (1043.1 vs 516.8 ppi), Resistin (1783.7 vs 711.3 ppi), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB/BB (1980.7 vs 939.7 ppi), macrophage inflammatory protein-3-beta (MIP-3β) (911.9 vs 346.2 ppi), and interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC) (1026.3 vs 419.7 ppi) were 2-fold higher in the patients than in normal subjects who received ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated that systemic inflammation may occur in subjects who have received the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Moreover, we proposed immune markers, which may be implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination as potential diagnostic biomarkers.
Serum VEGF Levels on Admission in COVID-19 Patients Correlate with SP-D and Neutrophils, Reflecting Disease Severity: A Prospective Study
Authors: Tsuji Mayoko , Kondo Mitsuko , Sato Yasuto , Miyoshi Azusa , Kobayashi Fumi , Arimura Ken , Yamashita Kaoru , Morimoto Satoshi , Yanagisawa Naoko , Ichihara Atsuhiro , Tagaya Etsuko 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in significant global morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in COVID-19 patients and its association with disease severity and pulmonary injury.MethodsWe prospectively collected data from 71 hospitalized COVID-19 patients between June 2020 and January 2021. Patients were classified as either mild or severe based on their oxygen requirements during hospitalization. Serum VEGF levels were measured using an ELISA kit.ResultsIn comparison to mild cases, significantly elevated serum VEGF levels were observed in severe COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, VEGF levels exhibited a positive correlation with white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and lymphocyte count. Notably, serum surfactant protein-D (SP-D), an indicator of alveolar epithelial cell damage, was significantly higher in patients with elevated VEGF levels.ConclusionThese results suggest that elevated serum VEGF levels could serve as a prognostic biomarker for COVID-19 as it is indicative of alveolar epithelial cell injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we observed a correlation between VEGF and neutrophil activation, which plays a role in the immune response during endothelial cell injury, indicating a potential involvement of angiogenesis in disease progression. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of VEGF elevation in COVID-19.
Using an Anomaly Detection Approach for the Segmentation of Colorectal Cancer Tumors in Whole Slide Images
Authors: Gu Qiangqiang , Meroueh Chady , Levernier Jacob , Kroneman Trynda , Flotte Thomas , Hart Steven 
Published: July 2023

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the 2ndmost commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Genetic testing is critical in assisting in the early detection of CRC and selection of individualized treatment plans, which have shown to improve the survival rate of CRC patients. The tissue slides review (TSR), a tumor tissue macro-dissection procedure, is a required pre-analytical step to perform genetic testing. Due to the subjective nature of the process, major discrepancies in CRC diagnostics by pathologists are reported, and metrics for quality are often only qualitative. Progressive context encoder anomaly detection (P-CEAD) is an anomaly detection approach to detect tumor tissue from Whole Slide Images (WSIs), since tumor tissue is by its nature, an anomaly. P-CEAD-based CRC tumor segmentation achieves a 71% ±26% sensitivity, 92% ±7% specificity, and 63% ±23% F1 score. The proposed approach provides an automated CRC tumor segmentation pipeline with a quantitatively reproducible quality compared with the conventional manual tumor segmentation procedure.