bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smallholder Farmer Resilience to Extreme Weather Events in Global Food Value Chains
Authors: Thompson William J , Varma Varun , Joerin Jonas , Bonilla-Duarte Solhanlle , Bebber Daniel P , Blaser-Hart Wilma , Kopainsky Birgit , Späth Leonhard , Curcio Bianca , Six Johan , Krütli Pius 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Extreme weather events have severe impacts on food systems, especially for smallholders in global food value chains (GFVCs). There is an urgent need to understand a) how climate shocks manifest in food systems, and b) what strategies can enhance food system resilience. Integrating satellite, household and trade data, we investigate the cascading impacts after two consecutive hurricanes on banana farmers in Dominican Republic, and determinants of their recovery. We found that farmers experienced an “all-or-nothing” pattern of damage, where 75% of flooded farmers lost >90% of production. Recovery of regional production indicators took ca. 450 days. However, farm-level recovery-times were highly variable, with both topographic and human capital factors determining recovery. Utilizing this globally representative example, we show that engaging in a GFVC impeded recovery via “double exposure” of production loss and losing market access. Our results suggest that solutions to enhance resilience in GFVCs should promote trader loyalty, facilitate basin-scale collaboration and expand risk-targeted training.
Thrombectomy for pulmonary embolism under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass: a case report
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Jie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a kind of pulmonary circulatory failure caused by endogenous or exogenous emboli blocking the pulmonary artery or its branches. Giant embolic pulmonary embolism can cause acute right heart failure, acute respiratory failure, and even sudden death. For patients with a large number of PE and hemodynamic instability, thrombolytic therapy, inferior vena cava filter placement, or thrombectomy are usually considered. This paper reports a case of pulmonary artery thrombectomy under cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient had pulmonary thrombosis caused by deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities and underwent pulmonary artery thrombectomy under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass.
Case presentation:
A 59-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to chest tightness and shortness of breath for half a month, which worsened for 3 days.Pulmonary hypertension (moderate). Color Doppler ultrasound of both lower extremities demonstrated deep venous thrombosis in the left lower limb (the percentage diameter stenosis was about 100%), and no thrombosis was found in the right lower limb. Physical examination revealed swelling of the left lower limb, skin temperature and color, and dorsalis pedis artery. The patient was treated with inferior vena cava filter implantation and heparin anticoagulant before operation. After definite surgical indications, pulmonary artery thrombectomy was performed under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass. After median thoracotomy induced by general anesthesia, the innominate vein ruptured and bled, followed by circulatory failure and cardiac arrest, and emergency cardiopulmonary bypass was established under intracardiac compression. Pulmonary embolectomy and tricuspid valvuloplasty were performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. After the operation, the patient’s blood coagulation function was poor; 11 pieces of developing gauze were filled in the pericardium to stop bleeding, and chest closure was delayed. The patient died of disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhagic shock, and non-infectious multiple organ dysfunction syndrome early in the morning of the next day.
Learning purpose:
The etiology and treatment of patients with this kind of pulmonary embolism need to be further discussed.
Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the mechanisms underlying the role of the CCT3 gene in breast cancer
Authors: Xu Gang , Wang Quan , Li Yuming , Wang Hao , Liu Hailong , Ge Hong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most common cancer in the world. Our previous research showed that silencing the expression of the CCT3 gene significantly decreased the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated CCT3 gene and protein expression by transcriptomics and proteomics to explore the mechanism underlying its function.
Methods MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with CCT3-siRNA to knock down the expression of the CCT3 gene. qRT‒PCR was used to measure the efficiency of the suppression. We used RNA-seq and tandem mass tag proteomics analysis to identify differentially expressed genes and proteins, respectively. The possible biological consequences were determined by bioinformatics analysis.
Results The mRNA expression of CCT3 decreased by 87.6% in MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with shCCT3 lentivirus. RNA-seq identified 449 differentially expressed genes after transfection with shCCT3, including 240 upregulated genes and 209 downregulated genes, and 61 differentially expressed proteins (33 upregulated and 28 downregulated) were identified by TMT proteomics analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment revealed the biological and molecular functions in CCT3-knockdown cells. Conjoint analysis revealed the expression of several genes and proteins, such as RPUSD4, LUC7L3, HELLS, ARL1, and SPINT2.
Conclusions We explored the molecular mechanism by which the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells are promoted after the expression of CCT3 is inhibited through transcriptomics and proteomics, and we initially identified several key genes and proteins. The functional verification of these genes requires further research.
Exploring the gelling properties of Plantago ovata-based Arabinoxylan: Fabrication and optimization of a topical emulgel using response surface methodology
Authors: Mahmood Arshad , Erum Alia , Tulain Ume Ruqia , Malik Nadia Shamshad , Saleem Aneeqa , Alqahtani Mohammed S , Malik Muhammad Zubair , Siddiqui Mahwish , Safdar Asif , Malik Abdul 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Prime objective of the current research was to develop a stable nimesulide emulgel with the help of arabinoxylan, a natural gelling agent extracted from Plantago ovata. The response surface methodology was used by a Design Expert 10 software to formulate and optimize the emulgel. The experimental design approach evaluated the impact of independent and dependent variables. Independent variables were different concentrations of arabinoxylan, span 80 and tween 20, whereas, dependent variables were viscosity, pH, and content uniformity. FTIR demonstrated the compatibility of nimesulide with the excipients. Stability study indicated no phase separation and no change in pH for formulation F1, F3 and F4. The negative values of zeta potential revealed the excellent stability of emulgel. Viscosity, spreadability and extrudability values were in desired range. Ex-vivo release studies illustrated 86%, 55% and 66% release of the drug over a period of 24 h from the formulations F1, F3 and F4, respectively. Analgesic effect of the optimized emulgel was significantly higher in test group as compared to control and did not produce any sort of irritation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the newly developed emulgel based on arabinoxylan, as gelling agent, appear to be an effective drug delivery system.
The response of zooplankton network indicators to winter water warming using shallow artificial reservoirs as model case study
Authors: Goździejewska Anna Maria , Kruk Marek 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To predict the most likely scenarios, the consequences of the rise in water surface temperature have been studied using various methods. We tested the hypothesis that winter water warming significantly alters the importance and nature of the relationships in zooplankton communities in shallow reservoirs. These relationships were investigated using network graph analysis for three thermal variants: warm winters (WW), moderate winters (MW) and cold winters (CW). The CW network was the most cohesive and was controlled by eutrophic Rotifera and Copepoda, with a corresponding number of positive and negative interspecific relationships. An increase in water temperature in winter led to a decrease in the centrality of MW and WW networks, and an increase in the importance of species that communicated with the highest number of species in the subnetworks. The WW network was the least cohesive, controlled by psammophilous and phytophilous rotifers, and littoral cladocerans. Adult copepods were not identified in the network and the importance of antagonistic relationships decreased, indicating that the WW network structure was weak and unstable. This study can serve as a model for generalisations of zooplankton community response to the disappearance of long winter periods of low temperatures, as predicted in global climate change projections.
Association between frailty and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among cancer patients
Authors: Zhai Chongya , Yin Luxi , Shen Jiaying , Dong Jie , Zheng Yu , Pan Hongming , Han Weidong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Cancer patients are vulnerable to frailty. While few studies have focused on its association with the mortality risk among cancer patients, the current study aims to reveal this association.
Methods
In this cohort study, 4723 cancer patients were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES, 1999–2018). Frailty status was quantified using the 53-item frailty index. Death outcomes were linked to National Death Index Mortality data (as of December 31, 2019). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HR (95% CI).
Results
The median (IQR) of the frailty score was 0.190 (0.132, 0.277). During the median follow-up of 6.7 years, 1775 all-cause deaths (including 581 cancer deaths and 385 cardiac deaths) were documented. Compared to the lowest tertile of frailty score, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for the highest tertile were 2.698 (2.224, 3.272) in all-cause mortality (P trend < 0.001), 2.145 (1.547, 2.973) in cancer mortality (P trend < 0.001), and 3.735 (2.231, 6.251) in cardiac mortality (P trend < 0.001). Moreover, a positive dose-response association between frailty score and mortality risk was determined. Per-unit increment of frailty score (natural logarithm transformed) was found to increase all-cause mortality by 159% (P < 0.001), cancer mortality by 103% (P < 0.001), and cardiac mortality by 256% (P < 0.001). The consistent result was shown when stratifying by age, gender, race, body mass index, and type of cancer.
Conclusion
This study suggested that the frailty index was positively associated with all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality (including cancer and cardiac) among cancer patients.
Incipient carbonate melting drives precious metal and sulfur mobilisation in the mantle
Authors: Ezad Isra , Saunders Martin , Scheka Syatoslav , Fiorentini Marco , Gorojovsky Lauren , Foerster Michael , Foley Stephen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We present results from high-pressure, high-temperature experiments that generate incipient carbonate melts at mantle conditions (~90km depth and temperatures between 900 - 1050℃). We show that these melts can effectively sequester sulfur, in its oxidised form of sulfate, platinum group elements, and first-row transition metals from mantle lithologies of peridotite and pyroxenite. These primitive oxidised melts may be effective agents to dissolve, redistribute and concentrate sulfur as well as chalcophile metals within the mantle, and from the mantle to shallower regions within the Earth, where localised dynamic physio-chemical processes can lead to ore genesis at various crustal depths. It is proposed that these carbonate-sulfur rich melts may be more widespread than previously thought, and may play a first order role in the metallogenic enhancement of localised and predictable lithospheric domains.
A Novel Ev Fleet Energy Management Strategy for Smart Micro Grids Considering Multiple Objectives: Techno Economic Perspective
Authors: A Sudhakar , B Mahesh Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Rapid advancements in battery technologies led to dramatic growth in adoption of Electric Vehicles (EV) all over the world. On the other hand, ever increasing renewable energy sources (RES) in micro grids (MG) posing numerous challenges ahead. In this context, EVs can be used as virtual storage units to confront the intermittency aspect of RES in MG scenarios. This work proposes a novel EV fleet control strategy to implement a three-layer Energy Management System: optimal storage distribution (OSD), optimal power exchange (OPE) and smart EV ranking (SER). The key objectives are: minimizing grid dependency, energy cost, EV battery degradation and to maximize EV storage usage. Water filling Algorithm is used to obtain OSD and Multi Objective Optimization Problem is formulated and solved by e-constraint method to obtain OPE. SER is implemented using Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) where number of decision variables are involved. EV battery degradation has been considered through SER by including a key decision variable, EV usage Probability (EUP). EUP has been obtained using a probabilistic approach that accounts all possible state transitions of each EV in the given time interval. An ON-Grid MG scenario with EV fleets and RES is considered to implement the proposed EMS.
Seismic performance and damage properties of flexure-shear critical RC columns with various loading cycles
Authors: Zhang Qin , Chen Ming-Hui , Li Wen-Jie , Gu Xiang-Lin , Gong Jin-Xin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of loading cycles on seismic behavior and damage properties for flexure-shear critical reinforced concrete columns. Two groups of circular columns (including 8 specimens) with different shear span ratios were tested under quasi-static loads with various cycles, and the numbers of load cycle were designed as 0 (i.e., monotonic loading), 3, 10, and 20 cycles, respectively. The failure modes, load-deformation curves, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the flexure-shear critical columns with various loading cycles were explored. Test results revealed that the shear effects and cumulative damage effects induced by cyclic loading are intensified with the increase of the loading cycles, which demonstrated that the columns are prone to occur the flexure-shear failure with the increase of the cycles. The study examined that the ultimate deformation is the most crucial factor affecting the damage properties of flexure-shear critical columns. The ultimate displacement diminishes with the loading cycles increase, and it reduces by 38%, 50%, and 62%, respectively, when the loading cycles increase from 0 to 3, 10, and 20 cycles. Additionally, the damage properties of flexure-shear critical columns are also pertinent to cumulative energy dissipation. The cumulative energy dissipation of column specimens increases obviously after yielding and increases with the loading cycles increase. An new two-parameter seismic damage model considering ultimate deformation and energy dissipation that including the effects of loading cycles was proposed, and the model could optimally analyze the damage properties of flexure-shear critical columns subjected to seismic excitation.
An experimental study on near-field tip vortex of an elliptical hydrofoil using tomographic particle image velocimetry
Authors: Zhao Hang , Tu Han , She Wenxuan , Gao Qi , Cao Yantao , Peng Xiaoxing , Shao Xueming 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Volumetric measurement for the non-cavitating tip vortex in the near field of an elliptical hydrofoil is conducted using tomographic particle image velocimetry (TPIV), which provides a fully three-dimensional diagnose of the vortex formation and development. The wandering motion and flow properties of the near-field tip vortex under different incident angles and Reynolds numbers are investigated in detail. Unlike in the far field, the wandering motion in the near field is mainly subject to the local flow unsteadiness rather than the flow condition. By the "re-centered" post-processing, the deviations introduced by the wandering motion can be technically corrected, and more accurate vortex properties can be thus obtained. In the near field, a turning point of the vortex center trajectory is detected, the position of which is basically independent of the flow condition. By investigating the local flow properties, it is found that this turning point is the position where the tip vortex completely leaves the trailing edge of hydrofoil and enters the wake region. At this turning point, the external supply to the vortex core starts to be restricted, and the vortex circulation reaches a rather constant value. Further according to the local flow properties, the development process of the near-field tip vortex can be divided into three stages: vortex-attached stage, vortex-lifting stage and vortex-detached stage, which are found to be closely relevant to the hydrofoil configuration.
Development and Implementation of The Frog-In-Maze Game to Study Upper limb Movement in People with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kemp Aaron S. , Pillai Lakshmi , Glover Aliyah , Spencer Horace , Larson-Prior Linda , Virmani Tuhin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Upper-limb bradykinesia occurs early in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is required for diagnosis. Methods to quantify upper-limb bradykinesia in salient movement tasks could help remotely monitor PD progression.
Objectives
To develop, implement and validate a game “walking” a frog through a maze using bimanual, alternating finger-tapping movements.
Methods
Twenty-five people with PD and 16 non-PD participants played a frog-in-maze game we developed. Responses on 5 different mazes were quantified and compared to spatiotemporal gait parameters and standard disease metrics in these participants.
Results
Intertap interval on maze 2, which included turns, was related to stride length and stride velocity as well as motor UPDRS scores. Levodopa decreased intertap interval in PD participants on maze 2. Participants with freezing of gait had longer inter-tap intervals on maze 2.
Conclusion
The responses quantified on maze 2 were related to disease severity and gait stride-length, were levodopa responsive, and were worse in people with freezing of gait, suggesting that this maze could be used to quantify motor dysfunction in PD. Further development of our frog-in-maze game onto a remotely distributable platform could provide a tool to monitor disease progression and therapeutic response in people with PD, including during clinical trials.
Oviposition Behavior of the Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Crawley Sydney E. , Haynes Kenneth F. , Borden John H. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Female bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, in strains from three widely separated geographic regions were evaluated for diel and daily periodicity in oviposition, as well as for the duration of oviposition per se and apparent egg marking behavior. Females that were mated and fed for the first time and laying their first clutch of eggs and females fed a second time before laying their second clutch of eggs both oviposited preferentially in the scotophase of a 14:10 L:D cycle. Oviposition began before the photophase ended, indicating it was not induced by onset of darkness and suggesting it was governed by a circadian rhythm. First-clutch females began to oviposit closer to onset of darkness and 1-2 days later than second-clutch females, respectively suggesting that first-clutch females were more strictly entrained to the L:D cycle and were still undergoing reproductive maturation. In all cases, oviposition of one clutch was finished by day 10, but the frequency distributions of eggs laid daily by first-clutch and second-clutch females, as well as those of females from the three different strains were all significantly different. The acts of oviposition and subsequent apparent egg marking behavior (a novel observation) lasted mean durations of 4.7 sec and 24.1 sec, respectively. During apparent egg marking, a female would repeatedly touch the abdominal cuticle in the region of the scent glands with her metathoracic tarsi and then touch the newly laid egg, while concurrently waving the tip of her abdomen back and forth across the surface of the egg.
Experimental study of relationship between uniaxial compression strength and CaCO 3 bonding strength of a biogrouted rock-like material
Authors: Pan Xiaohua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Biogrout is a promising soil/rock improvement method in which CaCO3 crystals are formed in between sand grains or rock fractures through a microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) process. One of the limitations of biogrout is that it is not effective to be applied to coarse sand or rock fractures with broad aperture (i.e., fracture width is larger than 1mm), as a number of rounds of treatments are required to produce sufficient amount of CaCO3 in soil pore spaces or rock fractures. A new biogrouting method using biogrout containing bioslurry has been proposed to overcome this difficulty. Bioslurry contains pre-formed urease active CaCO3 crystals. The use of bioslurry will reduce considerably the number of treatment. However, the mechanical properties of sand treated with biogrout containing bioslurry, a type of rock-like material are more complicated as bioslurry may not contribute to microbial bonding strength as much as pure biogrout. The objective of this study is to investigate the micro-mechanisms of strength improvement behind the use of biogrout containing bioslurry as well as the relationship between the uniaxial compression (UC) strength and CaCO3 bonding strength based on a series of biogrouting experiments on various sand. A new method to evaluate the bonding strength of biogrouted sand using the acoustic emission (AE) technique is proposed. By detecting AE hits and AE energy of bonding damages during a UC test, the relationship between AE energy and elastic strain energy that induces bonding damage is established. The experimental results indicate the bonding strength of the specimen treated by biogrout containing bioslurry is weaker than that by pure biogrout and the UC strength of biogrouted sand is primary controlled by the mean bonding strength. The higher the mean bonding strength, the greater the UC strength.
GS6.1 controls kernel size and plant architecture in rice
Authors: Zhao Hongyuan , Fu Yu , Zhang Guiquan , Luo Yingqin , Yang Weifeng , Liang Xiaoya , Yin Lin , Zheng Zhenwu , Wang Yijun , Li Zhan , Zhu Haitao , Huang Jinyan , Tan Quanya , Bu Suhong , Liu Guifu , Wang Shaokui , Liu Zupei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Kernel size and plant architecture are critical agronomic traits that greatly influence kernel yield in rice. We identified a novel quantitative trait locus (QTL), named GS6.1, which regulates kernel size and plant architecture in rice. Near isogenic line-GS6.1 (NIL-GS6.1) produces long and narrow kernels by regulating cell length and width in the hull, thus increasing the 1000-kernel weight. Compared with the control, the plant height, panicles per plant, panicle length, kernels per plant, and secondary branches per panicle of NIL-GS6.1 are increased. In addition, GS6.1 regulates the kernel filling rate. GS6.1 controls kernel size at least in part through regulating the transcription levels of EXPA13, EXPA19, EXPB14, GS2, GS3, GL3, GL6, OML4, GL7, and GL10. These results indicate that GS6.1 might be beneficial for improving kernel yield and plant architecture in rice breeding by molecular design.