bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring nurse practitioner practice in Australian rural primary health care settings: A scoping review
Authors: Rossiter Rachel , Phillips Rosemary , Blanchard Denise , van Wissen Kim , Robinson Tracy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionAustralians in rural areas experience limited access to services and poorer health outcomes than residents of metropolitan areas. Nurse practitioners (NPs) were introduced in 2000 to reduce pressure on the health system, address workforce shortages and improve rural populations' access to health care services.ObjectiveThis scoping review sought to identify, examine and synthesise research evidence of NP practice in Australian rural primary health care services to better understand how NPs are addressing service gaps in rural areas and to identify existing gaps in our knowledge.DesignPeer‐reviewed and grey literature from July 2012 to June 2022 was accessed from seven electronic databases, grey literature and hand searching of reference lists and citations.FindingsFrom 154 articles, 19 articles of relevance were identified. Several projects describe the processes required for success, whilst others reported the challenges and barriers encountered. Limited research evidence of rural NP practice exists with a significant gap about how roles operate and their value in primary health care.DiscussionUptake and envisaged benefits of rural primary health care NP roles have yet to be realised, with barriers to implementing and sustaining NP roles persisting. Low‐level awareness with ambiguity at health service and community level adversely impact on systematic implementation of NP roles.ConclusionsRobust evaluations demonstrating the value of NP skills and practice are needed in combination with bipartisan support from all levels of health care and government providing adequate funding to enable effective implementation of NP roles in poorly resourced rural areas.
Sperm DNA methylation dynamics after chemotherapy: a longitudinal study of a patient with testicular germ cell tumor treatment
Authors: Neyroud Anne‐Sophie , Rolland Antoine Dominique , Lecuyer Gwendoline , Evrard Bertrand , Alary Nathan , Dejucq‐Rainsford Nathalie , Bujan Louis , Ravel Célia , Chalmel Frédéric 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn important issue for young men affected by testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is how TGCT and its treatment will affect, transiently or permanently, their future reproductive health. Previous studies have reported that xenobiotics can induce changes on human sperm epigenome and have the potential to promote epigenetic alterations in the offspring.ObjectivesHere, we report the first longitudinal DNA methylation profiling of frozen sperm from a TGCT patient before and up to 2 years after a bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy.Materials and methodsA TGCT was diagnosed in a 30‐year‐old patient. A cryopreservation of spermatozoa was proposed before adjuvant BEP treatment. Semen samples were collected before and after chemotherapy at 6, 9, 12, and 24 months. The DNA methylation status was determined by RRBS to detect DNA differentially methylated regions (DMRs).ResultsThe analysis revealed that among the 74 DMRs showing modified methylation status 6 months after therapy, 17 remained altered 24 months after treatment. We next associated DMRs with differentially methylated genes (DMGs), which were subsequently intersected with loci known to be important or expressed during early development.Discussion and conclusionThe consequences of the cancer treatment on the sperm epigenome during the recovery periods are topical issues of increasing significance as epigenetic modifications to the paternal genome may have deleterious effects on the offspring. The altered methylated status of these DMGs important for early development might modify their expression pattern and thus affect their function during key stages of embryogenesis, potentially leading to developmental disorders or miscarriages.
Emergency surgical intervention in acute corrosive ingestion: single‐center experience from India
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Shah Jimil , Yadav Thakur Deen , Kumar Pradeep , Wig Jai Dev , Kochhar Rakesh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical intervention for acute corrosive injury is often required. It is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Sparce data is available on the types and timing of surgery after acute corrosive ingestion and complications associated with the same.MethodsThis is a retrospective single‐center study from a tertiary care center in India. All patients who underwent surgical exploration after acute corrosive intake between January 2003 and June 2014 were enrolled in the study. Data on patients' presentation, their endoscopic findings, indications of surgery, type of surgery and post‐operative follow‐up was retrieved.ResultsOut of 170 patients who presented with acute corrosive ingestion, 24 patients (14.11%) required emergency surgery. The mean interval between ingestion and surgery was 9.92 ± 9.03 days. Presence of peritonitis was the most common indication for surgery (n = 10; 41.7%) followed by mediastinitis (n = 7; 29.2%). A total of 17 resectional and 7 non‐resectional procedures were performed. Thirteen (54%) patients succumbed to their illness post‐operatively due to multi‐organ failure (n = 9), refractory shock (n = 3) or pulmonary thromboembolism (n = 1). Patients with early surgery (≤7 days) after corrosive ingestion had similar mortality compared to patients with late surgery (>7 days) (50% versus 67%; P = 0.30). Of the 11 surviving patients, eight patients (72%) underwent successful reconstructive surgery on follow‐up.ConclusionsEmergency surgery after corrosive ingestion carries high morbidity and mortality. However, after the initial stormy acute phase, majority of patients can undergo successful reconstructive surgery on follow‐up.
Sonographic postpartum anal sphincter defects and the association with pelvic floor pain and dyspareunia
Authors: Huber Malin , Larsson Charlotta , Lehmann Jan‐P , Strigård Karin , Lindam Anna , Tunón Katarina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionPelvic floor pain and dyspareunia are both important entities of postpartum pelvic pain, often concomitant and associated with perineal tears during vaginal delivery. The association between postpartum sonographic anal sphincter defects, pelvic floor pain, and dyspareunia has not been fully established. We aimed to determine the prevalence of postpartum anal sphincter defects using three‐dimensional endoanal ultrasonography (3D‐EAUS) and evaluate their association with symptoms of pelvic floor pain and dyspareunia.Material and methodsThis prospective cohort study followed 239 primiparas from birth to 12 months post delivery. Anal sphincters were assessed with 3D‐EAUS 3 months postpartum, and self‐reported pelvic floor function data were obtained using a web‐based questionnaire distributed 1 year after delivery. Descriptive statistics were compared between the patients with and without sonographic defects, and the association between sonographic sphincter defects and outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression.ResultsAt 3 months postpartum, 48/239 (20%) patients had anal sphincter defects on 3D‐EAUS, of which 43 (18%) were not clinically diagnosed with obstetric anal sphincter injury at the time of delivery. Patients with sonographic defects had higher fetal weight than those without defects, and a perineum <2 cm before the suture was a risk factor for defects (odds ratio [OR], 6.9). Patients with sonographic defects had a higher frequency of dyspareunia (OR, 2.4), and pelvic floor pain (OR, 2.3) than those without defects.ConclusionsOur results suggest an association between postpartum sonographic anal sphincter defects, pelvic floor pain, and dyspareunia. A perineal height <2 cm, measured by bidigital palpation immediately postdelivery, was a risk factor for sonographic anal sphincter defect. We suggest offering pelvic floor sonography around 3 months postpartum to high‐ risk women to optimize diagnosis and treatment of perineal tears and include perineum <2 cm prior to primary repair as a proposed indication for postpartum follow‐up sonography.
Depressive symptoms in mothers of preterm infants before and during COVID‐19 restrictions in neonatal intensive care units
Authors: Itoshima Ryo , Tuura Kirsi , Toome Liis , Varendi Heili , Saik Pille , Axelin Anna , Lehtonen Liisa , Ahlqvist‐Björkroth Sari 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimLittle is known about the specific restriction measures used in intensive care units (NICUs) during the COVID‐19 pandemic and their impact on parental well‐being. Hence, this study aimed to assess the association between restriction measures and mothers' post‐partum depressive symptoms.MethodsThis comparative cohort study included mothers who gave birth before 35 weeks of gestation in Estonia. The outcome measure was mothers' post‐partum depressive symptoms at the time of infant discharge, evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). In addition to the pandemic itself, the number of restriction measures in the NICUs was analysed as a potential explanatory factor for depressive symptoms.ResultsThe study included 55 mothers before the pandemic in 2018–2019 and 54 mothers during the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2021. No significant difference was found in the median EPDS scores between the cohorts: 7.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 4.0–12.0] and 8.0 (IQR: 5.0–12.8) respectively. The number of restriction measures was not associated with mothers' EPDS scores in either unadjusted or adjusted models.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic or the number of restriction measures used in Estonian NICUs did not associate with mothers' post = partum depressive symptoms.
Editorial: Alcohol‐related liver disease is the primary driver of cirrhosis‐related hospital admissions in the COVID‐19 era—What can be done?
Authors: Frolkis Alexandra D. , Congly Stephen E. 
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Kim et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17547
Editorial: Antibiotics and risk of IBD—Can we close the books? Authors' reply
Authors: Oh Shin Ju , Kim Hyo Jong , Lee Chang Kyun 
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Oh et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17542 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17563
Letter: Experience of switching vedolizumab treatment from intravenous to subcutaneous formulation in Hungary
Authors: Bacsur Péter , Iliás Ákos , Resál Tamás , Kata Diána , Molnár Tamás , Farkas Klaudia 
Published: June 2023

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Volkers et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17153
Quantitative characterization of archaeological bronzes based on thermal and compositional analysis
Authors: Mercuri Fulvio , Zammit Ugo , Orazi Noemi , Caruso Giovanni , Paoloni Stefano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPulsed thermography has been applied to the quantitative characterization of the insertions of two ancient bronzes, the Boxer at Rest and the Hellenistic Prince. The analysis of the thermographic signal time dependence performed by a specifically developed model enabled the evaluation of the insertions’ thickness and of elements which could provide indications about the procedure followed for their insertion. This could be achieved by exploiting a semi‐empirical relation establishing the thermal diffusivity dependence on the total effective weighted concentration of Sn and Pb atoms obtained from the analysis of the values determined on samples containing different concentrations of Sn and Pb.
A highly sensitive PCR method for A1 allele detection in A2 milk samples without DNA isolation
Authors: Watanabe Ayumi , Munakata Kyo , Muto Miyabi , Kuramoto Takashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe previously developed a genotyping method to detect the A1 and A2 alleles of the bovine β‐casein gene. This method required DNA extraction from hair samples. Recently, demand for A2 milk (milk from cows homozygous for the A2 allele) has increased, and dairy farms are required to have certification to produce A2 milk. Here, we describe the development of a new, simple, and sensitive genotyping method for the β‐casein gene that does not require DNA extraction. This method uses the CycleavePCR technique and can amplify the β‐casein gene directly from raw milk samples. Genotypes obtained from the milk samples (n = 27) were completely coincident with those obtained from genomic DNA. In addition, this method could quantify the A1 allele in the milk samples. The limit of detection for the A1 allele in A2 milk was 2%. The copy numbers of the A1 allele corresponding to the 2% detection limit were estimated to be 30.5 ± 24.3 molecules/μL. These findings indicate that this new genotyping method is simple and fast for detecting the A1 allele in milk samples and can therefore be potentially used to certify A2 milk.
Effects of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir on midazolam and dabigatran pharmacokinetics in healthy participants
Authors: Cox Donna S. , Rehman Muhammad , Khan Tahira , Ginman Katherine , Salageanu Joanne , LaBadie Robert R. , Wan Katty , Damle Bharat 
Published: June 2023

AimsTo evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety after coadministration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or ritonavir alone with midazolam (a cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate) and dabigatran (a P‐glycoprotein substrate).MethodsPK was studied in 2 phase 1, open‐label, fixed‐sequence studies in healthy adults. Single oral doses of midazolam 2 mg (n = 12) or dabigatran 75 mg (n = 24) were administered alone and after steady state (i.e. ≥2 days) of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 300 mg/100 mg and ritonavir 100 mg. Midazolam and dabigatran plasma concentrations and adverse events were analysed for each treatment.ResultsAfter administration of midazolam with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (test) or alone (reference), midazolam geometric mean area under the concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) increased 14.3‐fold and 3.7‐fold, respectively. Midazolam coadministered with ritonavir (test) or alone (reference) resulted in 16.5‐fold and 3.9‐fold increases in midazolam geometric mean AUCinf and Cmax, respectively. After administration of dabigatran with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (test) or alone (reference), dabigatran geometric mean AUCinf and Cmax increased 1.9‐fold and 2.3‐fold, respectively. Dabigatran coadministered with ritonavir (test) or alone (reference) resulted in a 1.7‐fold increase in dabigatran geometric mean AUCinf and Cmax. Midazolam or dabigatran exposures were generally comparable when coadministered with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or ritonavir alone, with a slightly higher dabigatran Cmax with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir vs. ritonavir alone. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was generally safe when administered with or without midazolam or dabigatran. No serious or severe adverse events were reported.ConclusionCoadministration of midazolam or dabigatran with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir increased systemic exposure of midazolam or dabigatran. Midazolam exposures were comparable when coadministered with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or ritonavir alone, suggesting no incremental effect of nirmatrelvir. Dabigatran Cmax was slightly higher when coadministered with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir compared with of ritonavir alone, suggesting a minor incremental effect of nirmatrelvir.
Inappropriate polypharmacy management versus deprescribing: A review on their relationship
Authors: Zidan Amani , Awaisu Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMedication burden and polypharmacy are highly prevalent among patients with multimorbidity. There have been multiple initiatives to overcome polypharmacy and medication burden in patients with multimorbidity. These initiatives have evolved over time as effective in reducing the negative health consequences of polypharmacy. In recent years, the concept and practice of deprescribing has emerged and gained popularity as an efficient comprehensive approach to manage polypharmacy and ultimately improve health outcomes. Clinicians and researchers with interest in deprescribing view it as a novel and unique strategy that should be a part of effective prescribing process. However, other traditional polypharmacy management strategies such as drug review and medication therapy management still coexist. It is intriguing if deprescribing is considered as a type of these strategies or not. This narrative mini‐review explored published literature in an effort to ascertain the differences and similarities between deprescribing and other prominent polypharmacy management interventions. It is clear that there is an overlap between deprescribing and inappropriate polypharmacy management. This is represented by focusing on multimorbid older adults, using similar explicit and implicit tools and having drug review as the core principle of both approaches. This overlap has probably made deprescribing considered as one of polypharmacy management approaches.
Does first‐hand evidence undermine young children's initial trust in positive gossip? Evidence from 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children
Authors: Tang Yulong , Zhang Zhinuo , Harris Paul L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhat happens when children have formed an impression of a peer based on prior gossip, but later learn from direct observation that the gossip is untrue? We interviewed seventy 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children in Zhejiang, China. They first heard conflicting positive and negative gossip about an absent third party, and subsequently learned which piece of gossip was true. Initially, both 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children tended to endorse the positive rather than the negative gossip. However, when they learned about the inaccuracy of the positive gossip based on their own direct observation, 6‐year‐old children subsequently doubted it, whereas 5‐year‐old children showed no such shift. Taken together, the results show that when children decide what gossip to believe, they are initially swayed by its valence but with age they increasingly weigh gossip in relation to their own direct observation.
Understanding computational thinking in the gameplay of the AfricanSongoboard game
Authors: Bayeck Rebecca Y. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComputational thinking is a necessary skill for the 21st century. While previously examined in computer‐rich settings, researchers are increasingly studying computational thinking in unplugged environments such as board games. Focusing on the African board gameSongo, this study shows that computational thinking practices are embedded inSongoboard gameplay and interact with the cultural context. The study also reveals a computing practice peculiar toSongogameplay, songoputation. This paper suggests that researchers can benefit from exploring computational thinking and computing practices beyond board games in western contexts.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topicComputational thinking can be cultivated in non‐digital environments.Board games are spaces where computational thinking can be developed.The relationship between African board games and computational thinking is still unknown.What this paper addsAfrican board games such as Songo are spaces where players engage with computational thinking and songoputationCulture informs computational thinking practices players engaging in when playing Songo.Computational thinking is not a new practice and should be explored in different culture contexts and settings.Implications for practice and/or policyAfrican board games should be used to develop computational thinking skills.Board games should be used to foster computational thinking skills among students in context with limited access to digital technology.
The distribution and accumulation of the shortest telomeres in telomere biology disorders
Authors: Raj Hannah A. , Lai Tsung‐Po , Niewisch Marena R. , Giri Neelam , Wang Youjin , Spellman Stephen R. , Aviv Abraham , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Savage Sharon A. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryIndividuals with telomere biology disorders (TBDs) have very short telomeres, high risk of bone marrow failure (BMF), and reduced survival. Using data from TBD patients, a mean leukocyte Southern blot telomere length (TL) of 5 kilobases (kb) was estimated as the ‘telomere brink’ at which human survival is markedly reduced. However, the shortest telomere, not the mean TL, signals replicative senescence. We used the Telomere Shortest Length Assay (TeSLA) to tally TL of all 46 chromosomes in blood‐derived DNA and examined its relationship with TBDs. Patients (n = 18) had much shorter mean TL (TeSmTL) (2.54 ± 0.41 kb vs. 4.48 ± 0.52 kb, p < 0.0001) and more telomeres <3 kb than controls (n = 22) (70.43 ± 8.76% vs. 33.05 ± 6.93%, p < 0.0001). The proportion of ultrashort telomeres (<1.6 kb) was also higher in patients than controls (39.29 ± 10.69% vs. 10.40 ± 4.09%, p < 0.0001). TeS <1.6 kb was associated with severe (n = 11) compared with non‐severe (n = 7) BMF (p = 0.027). Patients with multi‐organ manifestations (n = 10) had more telomeres <1.6 kb than those with one affected organ system (n = 8) (p = 0.029). Findings suggest that TBD clinical manifestations are associated with a disproportionately higher number of haematopoietic cell telomeres reaching a telomere brink, whose length at the single telomere level is yet to be determined.
Longitudinal relations among perceived parental warmth, self‐esteem and social behaviours from middle childhood to early adolescence in China: Disentangling between‐ and within‐person associations
Authors: Wang Xianqi , Huebner E. Scott , Tian Lili 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough several studies have addressed the relations between perceived parental warmth and social behaviours, few have distinguished their between‐ and within‐person effects or explored their within‐person mediating mechanisms. This study examined the transactional relations among perceived parental warmth (i.e. maternal warmth and paternal warmth), children's self‐esteem and children's positive/negative social behaviours (i.e. prosocial behaviour and delinquent behaviour) along with the mediating role of self‐esteem after disentangling between‐ and within‐person effects. A total of 4315 Chinese elementary children (44.9% girls; Mage = 9.93 years, SD = 0.73) completed relevant measures on four occasions employing 6‐month intervals. Results of random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models showed that (a) perceived parental warmth reciprocally and positively predicted prosocial behaviour and self‐esteem; (b) perceived paternal warmth reciprocally and negatively predicted delinquent behaviour; (c) self‐esteem reciprocally predicted prosocial and delinquent behaviour; (d) perceived maternal warmth reciprocally and positively predicted prosocial behaviour through self‐esteem; (e) perceived parental warmth reciprocally and negatively predicted delinquent behaviour through self‐esteem; and (f) perceived maternal and paternal warmth differed in their relations with prosocial and delinquent behaviours through self‐esteem. These findings illuminated the complicated longitudinal within‐person interactions among perceived parental warmth, self‐esteem, and social behaviours, the specific mediating mechanism of self‐esteem, and the differing results associated with perceived maternal and paternal warmth, all of which yield significant implications for assessments and early interventions aimed to promote positive social behaviour.