bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A influência da proximidade com as matas ciliares e a distância das áreas urbanas nos atropelamentos de vertebrados em uma área fragmentada do Cerrado brasileiro
Authors: Martins Thais , Freitas Simone Rodrigues , Semensatto Décio Luis , Hardt Elisa 
Published: August 2023

ResumoO crescente desenvolvimento das rodovias ameaça gravemente vários vertebrados devido à fragmentação do habitat, ao efeito de borda e aos atropelamentos. A compreensão de como a paisagem influencia a ocorrência de atropelamentos em rodovias pode fornecer informações sobre as rotas preferenciais de dispersão da fauna e definir os trechos prioritários para a implementação de ações de mitigação. Este estudo avaliou a associação entre as características da paisagem e os atropelamentos de fauna na rodovia BR‐158 (Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil), onde a vegetação adjacente compreende fitofisionomias do Cerrado, um bioma gravemente ameaçado. A distribuição espacial dos vertebrados atropelados registrados (dados secundários) foi analisada usando a ferramenta estatística 2D Hotspot Identification, que definiu os trechos com maior mortalidade (hotspots). A paisagem circundante em uma área buffer de 1 km ao redor da rodovia foi caracterizada com base em informações de área e distância, considerando o uso e a cobertura da terra. Foram aplicados modelos lineares generalizados para testar a influência dos locais no atropelamento, considerando as características da paisagem como variáveis independentes e a presença/ausência de atropelamento como variável dependente. Nossos resultados indicaram dois hotspots ao longo da BR‐158 e uma maior probabilidade de atropelamento em trechos associados a matas ciliares e mais distantes de áreas urbanas. A identificação das características da paisagem associadas à ocorrência de atropelamentos de vertebrados pode ajudar a orientar o planejamento e o monitoramento de rodovias. Além disso, em ecossistemas secos como o Cerrado, precisamos fornecer informações para implementar ações prioritárias em trechos de mata ciliar, com o objetivo de mitigar os impactos negativos das rodovias na conservação da biodiversidade local.
Turtles in trouble. Conservation ecology and priorities for Australian freshwater turtles
Authors: Petrov Kristen , Sutcliffe Sarah , Truscott Helen , Kutay Cat , Eisemberg Carla C. , Spencer Ricky J. , Lawler Ivan , Bower Deborah S. , Van Dyke James U. , Georges Arthur 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Australian freshwater turtle fauna is dominated by species in the family Chelidae. The extant fauna comprises a series of distinct lineages, each of considerable antiquity, relicts of a more extensive and perhaps diverse fauna that existed when wetter climes prevailed. Several phylogenetically distinctive species are restricted to single, often small, drainage basins, which presents challenges for their conservation. Specific threats include water resource development, which alters the magnitude, frequency, and timing of flows and converts lentic to lotic habitat via dams and weirs, fragmentation of habitat, sedimentation, nutrification, and a reduction in the frequency and extent of floodplain flooding. Drainage of wetlands and altered land use are of particular concern for some species that are now very restricted in range and critically endangered. The introduced European red fox is a devastatingly efficient predator of turtle nests and can have a major impact on recruitment. In the north, species such as the northern snake‐necked turtle are heavily depredated by feral pigs. Other invasive animals and aquatic weeds dramatically alter freshwater habitats, with consequential impacts on freshwater turtles. Novel pathogens such as viruses have brought at least one species to the brink of extinction. Species that routinely migrate across land are impacted by structural simplification of habitat, reduction in availability of terrestrial refugia, fencing (including conservation fencing), and in some areas, by high levels of road mortality. We report on the listing process and challenges for listing freshwater turtles under the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, summarize the state of knowledge relevant to listing decisions, identify the key threatening processes impacting turtles, and identify key knowledge gaps that impede the setting of priorities. We also focus on how to best incorporate First Nations Knowledge into decisions on listing and discuss opportunities to engage Indigenous communities in on‐ground work to achieve conservation outcomes.
Myths and Realities of “Left Behind” and “Levelling Up”
Authors: Jones Rhian E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe past few years have seen the rediscovery by political and media commentators of areas in post‐industrial Britain characterised as “left behind”. It is rarely acknowledged that this attention to regional inequality has only come about after decades of political neglect and cultural erasure of these areas following deindustrialisation. Current ideas about regional inequality and proposed solutions to it—from the “Red Wall” to “levelling up”—are often conceptualised in ways that in fact continue this neglect, by homogenising these regions and imposing top‐down narratives about their demographic and political nature. This paper will contrast these developments with new approaches in several parts of the UK, focusing on democratic localism or “community wealth‐building”, which have seen communities in “left behind” areas already addressing regional inequality, and offering their own alternative economic and social models, in a way that presents a more nuanced picture of both class and regional identity.
Intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility of transvaginal ultrasound for the detection and measurement of endometriotic lesions of the bowel
Authors: Chaggar Prubpreet , Tellum Tina , Cohen Abigail , Jurkovic Davor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe number and invasion depth of endometriotic bowel lesions, total length of bowel affected by endometriosis, lesion‐to‐anal verge distance, and extent of pouch of Douglas obliteration are important factors in preoperatively determining risk and complexity of endometriosis surgery. The intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility of transvaginal ultrasound in the evaluation of many of these parameters has not yet been investigated. Our study aimed to assess the intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility of transvaginal ultrasound between an experienced and less experienced examiner for all of these parameters.Material and methodsThis prospective observational cross‐sectional study was conducted between July 2019 and November 2020. Fifty consecutive premenopausal women who underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination in our clinic for the first time, were examined by the same two operators during the same attendance. Outcomes of interest were the inter‐rater reproducibility of transvaginal ultrasound for detecting the presence, number, depth and size of bowel endometriotic nodules, lesion‐to‐anal‐verge distance, total length of bowel affected, and pouch of Douglas obliteration. The intraobserver reproducibility was assessed for the continuous parameters. Cohen's kappa (κ) statistic, Cohen's weighted kappa (κ), proportions of agreement, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman limits of agreement were used to assess the reproducibility of the parameters.ResultsThe inter‐rater agreement and reliability were very good for identifying bowel endometriosis, the number and invasion depth of bowel nodules, determining whether the maximum nodule length was <3 cm, and lesion‐to‐anal‐verge distance <8 cm (proportion of agreement 0.92, 0.94, 0.97, 0.94, 0.96; κ 0.92, 0.91, 0.92, 0.82, 0.89). The inter‐rater agreement and reliability were good for assessing pouch of Douglas obliteration (proportion of agreement 0.86, κ 0.80). The intra‐rater reliability for the mean nodule diameter (ICC 0.93 and 0.97) and total length of bowel affected (ICC 0.94 and 0.91) were excellent for operators A and B, respectively. The inter‐rater reliability for the mean nodule diameter was good (ICC 0.80), and moderate for the total length of bowel affected (ICC 0.70). The Bland–Altman limits of agreement demonstrated clinically acceptable ranges for these two parameters.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a high intra‐ and inter‐rater reproducibility of transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis and measurement of its various components.
Evolutionary study of the extrinsic thoracic limb muscles of the domestic cat (Felis catus, Feliformia, Carnivora) based on their topology and innervation
Authors: Vélez‐García Juan Fernando , Kfoury Junior José Roberto , Miglino Maria Angelica 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtrinsic thoracic limb muscles are a muscular group that supports the thoracic limb in mammals without the clavicle and serve to move the scapula and shoulder joint. However, there are few evolutionary studies of these muscles in Felis catus, which should take into account the topology and innervation of the muscles to hypothesize the muscle derivation from a common ancestor. The main objective of this study was to check the extrinsic thoracic limb muscles in ten cadavers. Intra‐ and interspecific anatomical variants were found with that formerly described and other felids. Based on the topology and innervation found in this study, the evolutionary derivation was hypothesized. Therefore, the omotransversarius and rhomboideus muscles are derived from the serratus ventralis cervicis muscle. The cleidobrachialis muscle is derived mainly from the m. deltoideus and accessorily from the supracoracoid muscular group. The pectoantebrachialis and pectoralis abdominalis muscles are derived from the pectoralis descendens and cutaneus trunci muscles, respectively. In conclusion, most extrinsic thoracic limb muscles of F. catus may have evolutionary derivations from the last common ancestor of mammals, while some of them are from the last common ancestor of carnivorans or within the family Felidae.
Refractory immune thrombocytopenia in adults: Towards a new definition
Authors: Arnold Donald M. , Clerici Bianca , Ilicheva Ekaterina , Ghanima Waleed 
Published: August 2023

SummaryImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune haematological disorder characterized by immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia and a variable risk of bleeding. Despite the availability of multiple treatment options, some patients are considered refractory since they do not achieve a platelet count response to multiple treatments and are at risk of bleeding. The term ‘refractory’ has been used to identify this patient group; however, with the advent of multiple lines of treatment, its meaning has become ambiguous. To address this issue, we reviewed previous definitions of refractory ITP, solicited the views of ITP experts and collected data from registries to inform a definition. Twenty ITP experts who attended the 7th Expert Meeting of the Intercontinental Cooperative ITP Study Group in September 2022 answered a web‐based survey: 95% felt that there was a need for a new definition of refractory ITP for clinical and research purposes. The use of the term refractory, accompanied by a clear indication of the type and timing of failed treatments, was supported by 85% of respondents. Preliminary data on the frequency of refractory patients from the McMaster and Norwegian ITP Registries demonstrated that the proportion of adult ITP patients who had failed first‐line therapy, rituximab, thrombopoietin receptor agonists, any immune suppressant medication and splenectomy ranged from 0.4% to 3.8%. We propose a definition of refractory ITP that could be evaluated in future studies.
Synthesis of N‐aminophalimides derived from α‐amino acids: Theoretical study to find them as HDAC8 inhibitors by docking simulations and in vitro assays
Authors: Guzmán Ramírez José Eduardo , Mancilla Percino Teresa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPhthalimides are valuable for synthesis and biological properties. New acetamides 3(a–c) and 4(a–c) were synthesized and characterized as precursors for novel N‐aminophalimides 5(a–c) and 6(a–c). Structures of 4a, 5(a–b), and 6(a–b) were confirmed by single crystal X‐ray. Docking studies identified compounds with favorable Gibbs free energy values for binding to histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), an enzyme targeted for anticancer drug development. These compounds bound to both the orthosteric and allosteric pockets of HDAC8, similar to Trichostatin A (TSA), an HDAC8 inhibitor. 6(a–c) contain hydroxyacetamide moiety as a zinc‐binding group, a phthalimide moiety as a capping group, and aminoacetamide moiety as a linker group, which are important for ligand‐receptor binding. ΔG values indicated that compounds 5b, 6b, and 6c had higher affinity for HDAC8 in the allosteric pocket compared to TSA. In vitro evaluation of inhibitory activities on HDAC8 revealed that compounds 3(a–c) and 5(a–c) showed similar inhibitory effects (IC50) ranging from 0.445 to 0.751 μM. Compounds 6(a–c) showed better affinity, with 6a (IC50 = 28 nM) and 6b (IC50 = 0.18 μM) showing potent inhibitory effects slightly lower than TSA (IC50 = 26 nM). These findings suggest that the studied compounds hold promise as potential candidates for further biological investigations.
Aberrant expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) molecules contributes to the development of allergic diseases
Authors: Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Chauhan Prashant , Nemati Maryam , Jafarzadeh Sara , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSuppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins bind to certain cytokine receptors, Janus kinases and signalling molecules to regulate signalling pathways, thus controlling immune and inflammatory responses. Dysregulated expression of various types of SOCS molecules was indicated in multiple types of allergic diseases. SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, SOCS5, and cytokine‐inducible SH2 domain protein (CISH) can differentially exert anti‐allergic impacts through different mechanisms, such as suppressing Th2 cell development and activation, reducing eosinophilia, decreasing IgE production, repressing production of pro‐allergic chemokines, promoting Treg cell differentiation and activation, suppressing Th17 cell differentiation and activation, increasing anti‐allergic Th1 responses, inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization, modulating survival and development of mast cells, reducing pro‐allergic activity of keratinocytes, and suppressing pulmonary fibrosis. Although some anti‐allergic effects were attributed to SOCS3, it can perform pro‐allergic impacts through several pathways, such as promoting Th2 cell development and activation, supporting eosinophilia, boosting pro‐allergic activity of eosinophils, increasing IgE production, enhancing the expression of the pro‐allergic chemokine receptor, reducing Treg cell differentiation, increasing pro‐allergic Th9 responses, as well as supporting mucus secretion and collagen deposition. In this review, we discuss the contrasting roles of SOCS proteins in contexts of allergic disorders to provide new insights regarding the pathophysiology of these diseases and possibly explore SOCS proteins as potential therapeutic targets for alleviating allergies.
High jugular bulb in patients with non‐thrombotic internal jugular venous and transverse sinus stenosis: Clues to pathogenesis
Authors: Wang Zhongao , Dandu Chaitu , Guo Yibing , Gao Meini , Wang Zixiang , Lan Duo , Pan Liqun , Zhou Da , Ding Yuchuan , Ji Xunming , Meng Ran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsConventional theories for jugular bulb (JB) formation are insufficient to explain the high proportion of high JB in adult patients. We aimed to study features of high JB in patients with non‐thrombotic internal jugular venous stenosis (IJVS) and/or transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) to explore the pathogenesis of high JB formation.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with the diagnosis of non‐thrombotic IJVS and/or TSS. The relationship between IJVS and/or TSS and high JB was explored. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential independent risk factors for high JB.ResultsA total of 228 patients were included in the final analyses. The proportions of IJVS, dominant‐side IJVS, and non‐TSS in dominant‐side high JB subgroup were higher than those in nondominant‐side high JB subgroup (83.3% vs. 62.5%, p < 0.001; 72.2% vs. 18.3%, p < 0.001; 43.5% vs. 29.2%, p = 0.02). Heights of JBs on dominant sides in IJVS subgroup and non‐TSS subgroup were higher than those in non‐IJVS subgroup and TSS subgroup (12.93 ± 2.57 mm vs. 11.21 ± 2.76 mm, p < 0.001; 12.66 ± 2.71 mm vs. 11.34 ± 2.73 mm, p = 0.003). Multivariate logistic regression indicated an independent association between dominant‐side IJVS and dominant‐side high JB (odds ratio, 29.40; 95% confidence interval, 11.04–78.30; p < 0.001).ConclusionIJVS and asymmetric transverse sinus were independently and positively associated with high JB, especially dominant‐side IJVS with dominant‐side high JB, indicating a potential hemodynamic relationship between IJVS and high JB formation. Conversely, TTS might impede high JB formation.
The cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein—Thioredoxin 1 pathway ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial dynamin‐related protein 1 level in the hippocampus of aged mice with perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction
Authors: Huang Jingyao , Zhu Yongliang , Liu Yongxin , Zhang Rui , Zhang Zhenjiang , Liu Jie , Zhang Zhihao , Liang Yingxia , Ma Baoyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs a multi‐disease model, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress might be involved in the pathogenic process of perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND). Dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1) could mediate mitochondrial fission and play important roles in mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis and mitochondria function. The Drp1 may be involved in PND development. The cold‐inducible RNA‐binding protein (Cirbp) could bind to the 3’‐UTR of the thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) mRNA, control oxidative stress, and improve mitochondrial function. In this study, we hypothesized that the Cirbp‐Trx1 pathway could ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and Drp1 levels in PND mice.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes were screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database GSE95426 and validated using PCR. Eighteen‐month‐old C57BL/6 mice were subjected to tibial fracture surgery to generate a PND model. Cirbp was upregulated by hippocampal stereotaxic injections of over‐Cirbp plasmid according to the manufacturer's instructions for the in vivo DNA transfection reagent. Cirbp expression was measured using western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF). The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess cognitive function. After behavioral testing, the hippocampal tissue was extracted to examine changes in mitochondrial Drp1, mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress.ResultsDifferential gene screening showed that Cirbp expression was significantly downregulated (fold change >1.5, p = 0.003272) in the PND model. In this study, we also found that Cirbp protein levels were downregulated, accompanied by an impairment of cognition, a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, mitochondrial Drp1 levels, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. Cirbp overexpression increased Trx1 protein levels and reversed the damage. However, this protective effect was abolished by PX‐12 treatment with a Trx1 inhibitor.ConclusionsThe Cirbp‐Trx1 pathway may regulate mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial Drp1 expression in the hippocampus of PND mice to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction.
Inhibition of HDAC6 promotes microvascular endothelial cells to phagocytize myelin debris and reduces inflammatory response to accelerate the repair of spinal cord injury
Authors: Wu Chengjie , Pan Yalan , Wang Lining , Liu Mengmin , Tu Pengcheng , Chen Sixian , Shi Lei , Yan Danqing , Ma Yong , Guo Yang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsTo identify an effective strategy for promoting microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) to phagocytize myelin debris and reduce secretion of inflammatory factors following spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsWe established a coculture model of myelin debris and vascular‐like structures. The efficiency with which MECs phagocytize myelin debris under different conditions was examined via ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. Tubastatin‐A was used to interfere with the coculture model. The anti‐inflammatory effects of Tubastatin‐A were observed by HE staining, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and ELISA.ResultsMECs phagocytized myelin debris via IgM opsonization, and phagocytosis promoted the secretion of inflammatory factors, whereas IgG‐opsonized myelin debris had no effect on inflammatory factors. Application of the HDAC6 inhibitor Tubastatin‐A increased the IgG levels and decreased the IgM levels by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. Tubastatin‐A exerted a regulatory effect on the HDAC6‐mediated autophagy‐lysosome pathway, promoting MECs to phagocytize myelin debris, reducing the secretion of inflammatory factors, and accelerating the repair of SCI.ConclusionsInhibition of HDAC6 to regulate the immune‐inflammatory response and promote MECs to phagocytize myelin debris may represent a novel strategy in the treatment of SCI.
Foraging mode affects extinction risk of snakes and lizards, but in different ways
Authors: Baeckens Simon , Meiri Shai , Shine Richard 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhat factors render a species more vulnerable to extinction? In reptiles, foraging mode is a fundamental ecological dimension: some species actively search for immobile prey, whereas others ambush mobile prey. Foraging mode is linked to diet, morphology, movement ecology, and reproductive output, and hence plausibly might affect vulnerability to threatening processes. Our analyses of data on 1543 taxa revealed links between foraging mode and (IUCN) conservation status, but in opposite directions in the two main squamate groups. Ambush‐foraging snakes were more threatened and with declining populations than were active searchers, whereas lizards showed the reverse pattern. This divergence may be linked to differing consequences of foraging mode for feeding rates and reproductive frequency in snakes versus lizards. Our findings underscore the need for taxon‐specific conservation management, particularly in groups such as reptiles that have been neglected in global conservation prioritization.