bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sea Point contact, Cape Town, South Africa: a geological site made famous by Charles Darwin's visit
Authors: Bailie Russell H. , Mhlanga Musa , Reinhardt Jürgen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The Sea Point intrusive contact on the Atlantic coast, South Africa, is a site of historical significance that continues to be useful for studying the details of granite–wall rock relationships, some of which have not been properly evaluated yet.
At a time when the origin of granites was still controversial, and the concept of contact metamorphism not yet properly developed, Charles Darwin visited the Sea Point contact to make some geologically important observations. He concluded that the granite originated as a magma deep in the Earth, intruded a country rock of sedimentary origin and changed this country rock's appearance owing to the thermal action of the hot granite magma. He also contemplated the long periods of time required to expose the rocks by erosion. Besides its historic value, the Sea Point heritage site exposes unique features giving rare insights into the physical and chemical interaction between intruding granitic magma and a regionally low-grade metamorphosed sedimentary sequence.
Questions regarding mechanisms of magmatic emplacement may be answered from this outcrop, including emplacement dynamics and interrelationships of various granitic phases, pre- versus syn-intrusive deformation and metamorphism, assimilation of country rock by a granitic magma and the origin of feldspar phenocrysts seemingly ‘stranded’ in the country rock.
Exploring the Impact of Code Clones on Deep Learning Software
Authors: Mo Ran , Zhang Yao , Wang Yushuo , Zhang Siyuan , Xiong Pu , Li Zengyang , Zhao Yang 
Published: July 2023

Deep learning (DL) is a really active topic in recent years. Code cloning is a common code implementation that could negatively impact software maintenance. For DL software, developers rely heavily on frameworks to implement DL features. Meanwhile, to guarantee efficiency, developers often reuse the steps and configuration settings for building DL models. These may bring code copy-pastes or reuses inducing code clones. However, there is little work exploring code clones’ impact on DL software. In this article, we conduct an empirical study and show that: (1) code clones are prevalent in DL projects, about 16.3% of code fragments encounter clones, which is almost twice larger than the traditional projects; (2) 75.6% of DL projects contain co-changed clones, meaning changes are propagated among cloned fragments, which can bring maintenance difficulties; (3)
Percentage of the clones
and
Number of clone lines
are associated with the emergence of co-changes; (4) the prevalence of Code clones varies in DL projects with different frameworks, but the difference is not significant; (5) Type 1 co-changed clones often spread over different folders, but Types 2 and 3 co-changed clones mainly occur within the same files or folders; (6) 57.1% of all co-changed clones are involved in bugs.
The Efficacy of Low-Kilovoltage X-Rays Intraoperative Radiation as Boost for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Yuanjian , Chen Ruiwan , Lu Ying , Lin Ying , Zhang Yunjian , Shao Nan , Wang Shenming , Nie Dahong , Shan Zhen 
Published: July 2023

Background. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is a novel promising technology that may replace external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) as boost for patients receiving breast-conserving surgery. To better evaluate the efficacy of IORT using low-kilovoltage (low-kV) X-rays as boost, we presented this meta-analysis according to the PRISMA checklist. Methods. Studies reported survival outcomes of intraoperative radiation using low-kilovoltage X-rays system (Intrabeam®, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA) as boost were identified through electronic bibliographic database: PUBMED. The meta-analysis module in Stata (16.0) is used to pool the studies. A Poisson regression model is used to predict a 5-year local recurrence rate. Results. Twelve studies including 3006 cases were included in the final analysis, with a median follow-up of 55 months weighted by sample size. The pooled local recurrence rate is 0.39% per person-year (95% CI: 0.15%–0.71%), with a low degree of heterogeneity (

I

2

= 0%). The predicted 5-year local recurrence rate was 3.45%. No difference in pooled local recurrence rate was found between non-neoadjuvant patients studies and neoadjuvant patients studies (0.41% per person-year vs. 0.58% per person-year,

P
=
0.580

). Conclusions. This study shows that low-kV IORT is an effective method as boost in breast cancer patients, with a low pooled local recurrence rate and low predicted 5-year local recurrence rate. Besides, no difference in the local recurrence rate was found between non-neoadjuvant patients studies and neoadjuvant patients studies. Low-kV IORT boost may be a promising alternative to EBRT boost in the future, which is being tested in the ongoing TARGIT-B trial.
Phase I trial of Ganitumab plus Dasatinib to Cotarget the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor and Src Family Kinase YES in Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Akshintala Srivandana , Sundby R. Taylor , Bernstein Donna , Glod John W. , Kaplan Rosandra N. , Yohe Marielle E. , Gross Andrea M. , Derdak Joanne , Lei Haiyan , Pan Alexander , Dombi Eva , Palacio-Yance Isabel , Herrera Kailey R. , Miettinen Markku M. , Chen Helen X. , Steinberg Seth M. , Helman Lee J. , Mascarenhas Leo , Widemann Brigitte C. , Navid Fariba , Shern Jack F. , Heske Christine M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Antibodies against insulin-like growth factor (IGF) type 1 receptor have shown meaningful but transient tumor responses in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The SRC family member YES has been shown to mediate IGF type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibody acquired resistance, and cotargeting IGF-1R and YES resulted in sustained responses in murine RMS models. We conducted a phase I trial of the anti–IGF-1R antibody ganitumab combined with dasatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor targeting YES, in patients with RMS (NCT03041701).

Patients and Methods:
Patients with relapsed/refractory alveolar or embryonal RMS and measurable disease were eligible. All patients received ganitumab 18 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Dasatinib dose was 60 mg/m2/dose (max 100 mg) oral once daily [dose level (DL)1] or 60 mg/m2/dose (max 70 mg) twice daily (DL2). A 3+3 dose escalation design was used, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined on the basis of cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicities (DLT).

Results:
Thirteen eligible patients, median age 18 years (range 8–29) enrolled. Median number of prior systemic therapies was 3; all had received prior radiation. Of 11 toxicity-evaluable patients, 1/6 had a DLT at DL1 (diarrhea) and 2/5 had a DLT at DL2 (pneumonitis, hematuria) confirming DL1 as MTD. Of nine response-evaluable patients, one had a confirmed partial response for four cycles, and one had stable disease for six cycles. Genomic studies from cell-free DNA correlated with disease response.

Conclusions:
The combination of dasatinib 60 mg/m2/dose daily and ganitumab 18 mg/kg every 2 weeks was safe and tolerable. This combination had a disease control rate of 22% at 5 months.
Fault tolerance of a quadrotor via feedback linearization approach
Authors: Jebelli Ali , Najafiyanfar Alireza , Mahabadi Arezoo , E. Yagoub Mustapha C. 
Published: July 2023

A control algorithm is proposed to efficiently control the state, position, and height of a nonlinear dynamic model of a quadcopter. Based on feedback linearization, a state space model is presented for the system with the controller with a two-loop control structure designed and implemented in it. The inner and faster controller is responsible for adjusting the quadcopter height and angles, and the outer and slower controller is responsible for changing the desired figures of roll and pitch angles to control the system position. Whenever a rotor of the quadcopter rotor fails, the status and position of the system are converged and the system is stabilized. Simulation results based on different scenarios indicate the proper performance of the control system whenever there are external disturbances. Note that the gyroscopic effects because of<em> </em>the propeller rotation were not considered.
Examining Extreme Rainfall Forecast and Communication Processes in the South-Central United States
Authors: Wanless Anna C. , Riley Rachel E. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Extreme rainfall events are hazardous and costly. They have increased in parts of the United States, and climate models project that trend to continue. Effective communication of potential threats and impacts associated with extreme rainfall events is one of the foci of a weather forecaster’s job and aligns with the National Weather Service (NWS)’s mission to protect life and property. This research investigated how NWS forecasters processed and communicated information about extreme rainfall events that occurred in the south-central United States between 2015 and 2019. The study also explored forecasters’ perceptions of the relationship between the events and climate change and whether those perceptions impacted the forecasts, including how forecast information was communicated. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 NWS forecasters about how they internally processed and externally communicated model outliers and anomalous rainfall events. Thematic analysis of the interview data identified components of sensemaking and decision-making conceptual frameworks as well as principles of forecasting. These components were then combined to create an extreme event forecast communication process model to illustrate the findings. Although forecast and communication processes are complex and vary between offices and forecasters, the communication process model presents a high-level conceptualization of how forecasters translate highly technical and disparate material into usable information for their audiences within the context of rare meteorological events.

Significance Statement
This study presents an extreme event forecast communication process model that helps to explain how National Weather Service forecasters process and communicate extreme rainfall events. Forecasters were interviewed about their experience with extreme rainfall events. Effective communication of such events is important because they can lead to significant, and sometimes deadly, impacts. In the future, the extreme event forecast communication process model might provide a framework for best practices and be incorporated into forecaster training materials. Additional research is needed to determine whether the model applies to regions outside the south-central United States.
Inhalation of Carboxymethyl Chitosan Alleviates Posttraumatic Tracheal Fibrosis
Authors: Huang Rushi , Chen Shicai , Song Xianmin , Zheng Hongliang 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: The present study was performed to determine whether the inhalation of carboxymethyl (CM)-chitosan can alleviate tracheal fibrosis in a rabbit model. Methods: We designed a rabbit model of tracheal stenosis involving electrocoagulation with a spherical electrode. Twenty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (10 animals each). Tracheal damage was successfully established by electrocoagulation in all animals. The experimental group was given CM-chitosan (inhalation for 28 days), while the control group inhaled saline. The effects of CM-chitosan inhalation on tracheal fibrosis were analyzed. Laryngoscopy was performed to evaluate and grade tracheal granulation, while tracheal fibrosis was evaluated by histological examination. The effects of CM-chitosan inhalation on the tracheal mucosa were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hydroxyproline content in tracheal scar tissue was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Laryngoscopy showed that the tracheal cross-sectional area was smaller in the experimental than control group. The amounts of loose connective tissue and damaged cartilage, as well as the severity of collagen and fibrosis, decreased following inhalation of CM-chitosan. According to the ELISA, the experimental group had low levels of hydroxyproline in the tracheal scar tissue. Conclusion: The findings presented here showed that inhalation of CM-chitosan mitigated posttraumatic tracheal fibrosis in a rabbit model, thus suggesting a potential new treatment for tracheal stenosis.
The comparison of the short and mid-term results of endovascular interventions and bypass graft surgery in the treatment of patients with intermittent claudication complaints because of isolated femoropopliteal artery disease
Authors: Kocaoglu Alper Selim , Demirdizen Gürkan , Dernek Sadettin 
Published: July 2023

Background Intermittent Claudication (IC) is exercise pain seen in lower extremity arterial diseases. If it is left untreated, it may be the initial sign of a process leading to amputation. In the present study, the purpose was to compare the postoperative early and mid-term results of the patients who were treated with endovascular methods and those who underwent bypass graft surgery in the treatment due to IC complaints because of isolated Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease. Method Postoperative first-month, sixth-month, and 12th-month follow-up results, procedure requirements, and demographic characteristics of the 153 patients who underwent femoropopliteal bypass because of isolated Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease and 294 patients who underwent endovascular intervention in our hospital between January 2015 and May 2020 were compared in the study. Results It was found in demographic characteristics that endovascular intervention was performed more frequently in smokers and graft bypass surgery was performed more frequently in hyperlipidemic patients, and the results were found to be statistically significant. High amputation rates were detected at statistically significant levels in diabetic and hypertriglycemic patients and 1-year primary patency rates were found to be higher in patients who underwent graft bypass surgery. No differences were detected between the two methods in terms of mortality. Conclusion Interventional treatment modalities must be considered for patients with isolated Femoropopliteal Arterial Disease whose symptoms persist despite exercise and the best medical treatment. We think that Bypass Graft Surgery has more positive results than endovascular interventions when short and medium-term amputation, repetitive intervention needs, and changes in quality of life are compared in patients who receive the same medical treatment.
Modeling the effect of patient size on cerebral perfusion during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Feiger Bradley , Jensen Christopher W , Bryner Benjamin S , Segars William P , Randles Amanda 
Published: July 2023

Introduction A well-known complication of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is differential hypoxia, in which poorly-oxygenated blood ejected from the left ventricle mixes with and displaces well-oxygenated blood from the circuit, thereby causing cerebral hypoxia and ischemia. We sought to characterize the impact of patient size and anatomy on cerebral perfusion under a range of different VA ECMO flow conditions. Methods We use one-dimensional (1D) flow simulations to investigate mixing zone location and cerebral perfusion across 10 different levels of VA ECMO support in eight semi-idealized patient geometries, for a total of 80 scenarios. Measured outcomes included mixing zone location and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Results Depending on patient anatomy, we found that a VA ECMO support ranging between 67-97% of a patient’s ideal cardiac output was needed to perfuse the brain. In some cases, VA ECMO flows exceeding 90% of the patient’s ideal cardiac output are needed for adequate cerebral perfusion. Conclusions Individual patient anatomy markedly affects mixing zone location and cerebral perfusion in VA ECMO. Future fluid simulations of VA ECMO physiology should incorporate varied patient sizes and geometries in order to best provide insights toward reducing neurologic injury and improved outcomes in this patient population.
Can brexpiprazole be switched safely in patients with schizophrenia and dopamine supersensitivity psychosis? A retrospective analysis in a real-world clinical practice
Authors: Yamasaki Fumiaki , Kanahara Nobuhisa , Nakata Yusuke , Koyoshi Shinji , Yanagisawa Yuta , Saito Takeru , Oiwa Takahiro , Kogure Masanobu , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Yoshida Taisuke , Kimura Hiroshi , Iyo Masaomi 
Published: July 2023

Background: Several studies have reported that a switch to the dopamine partial agonist (DPA) aripiprazole (ARP), especially when the switch is abrupt, is likely to fail and sometimes worsen psychosis in schizophrenia patients already under high-dose antipsychotic treatment. Such a switching failure is speculated to be related to be the dopamine supersensitivity state. The risks of switching to the DPA brexpiprazole (BREX) have not been reported. Aims and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 106 patients with schizophrenia to identify any factors related to the success or failure of switching to BREX. Results: The comparison between the patients with dopamine supersensitivity psychosis ( n = 44) and those without ( n = 62) revealed no significant difference in the switching failure judged at the sixth week. A comparison of the patients with successful switching ( n = 80) and those who failed ( n = 26) revealed that patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) were significantly more likely to fail. A logistic regression analysis also revealed that patients with past failure of switching to ARP are likely to succeed in switching to BREX. The 2-year follow-up of the patients with successful switching to BREX suggested that the patients who were treated with BREX, even temporarily, experienced some improvement in their Global Assessment of Functioning and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scores. Conclusions: Overall, the results indicate that patients with schizophrenia can be switched more safely to BREX compared to ARP. However, the failure of switching to BREX could be higher in patients with TRS, and thus, starting BREX treatment in refractory patients warrants careful monitoring.
Phenylbutazone: Plasma Concentrations and Effectiveness in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Orme M L'E 
Published: July 2023

Phenylbutazone in doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/day has been given for four periods of three weeks to seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The trial was double-blind and the order of administration of the doses was arranged to eliminate order and carry-over effects. Before and at the end of each period the patient's clinical state was assessed by measurement of the pain score, duration of morning stiffness, paracetamol tablet count, grip strength, digital joint size, articular index and overall patient preference. The plasma phenylbutazone concentration was measured by gas liquid chromatography and the expected concentration of phenylbutazone in plasma was also predicted from a knowledge of the antipyrine half-life in each patient. Phenylbutazone had a significant therapeutic effect, in some cases after only 50 mg/day. There was however no correlation between the plasma concentration of phenylbutazone and its therapeutic effect. The observed plasma concentration of phenylbutazone agreed well with that predicted at doses of 50 and 100 mg/day. However, at 200 and 300 mg/day the observed plasma concentration was significantly lower than that predicted, perhaps due to saturation of the protein binding sites.
Butacote: The First Assessment in General Practice
Authors: Rushford W A I , Fowler P D 
Published: July 2023

A double-blind crossover trial in the treatment of rheumatic conditions in general practice compared the effect and tolerance of 100 mg t.d.s. standard phenylbutazone (Butazolidin) with enteric-coated phenylbutazone (Butacote), each preparation being given for one week to fifty patients. There was no difference in effectiveness. Nine patients complained of dyspeptic symptoms, three during the first week, six during the second week, but none during treatment with Butacote. This, together with the significant 17:7 patient preference, clearly demonstrated the superiority of Butacote.
Butacote and Ibuprofen: A Comparative Assessment in Rheumatic Diseases in General Practice
Authors: Regalado R G , Dublin LAH 
Published: July 2023

A multicentre double-blind trial in general practice compared Butacote (enteric-coated phenylbutazone) 300 mg daily, ibuprofen 1200 mg daily, and a placebo in the treatment of rheumatic conditions. Each patient received two of the three treatments for one month each. Twenty-nine doctors admitted 193 patients. One hundred and sixty-eight patients (sixty-four with inflammatory polyarthritis, and sixty-three with osteoarthrosis) completed the study, which showed that Butacote was significantly better than both ibuprofen and placebo for the relief of pain and morning stiffness, and improvement of function. Butacote was significantly preferred to both ibuprofen and placebo by patients and doctors, to placebo by the patients. Ibuprofen was significantly better than placebo for relief of morning stiffness and for reducing the amount of supplementary analgesics. All three preparations were well tolerated and showed a similar incidence of gastric side-effects. It is concluded from this study that Butacote is more effective and as well tolerated as ibuprofen in the treatment of rheumatic conditions in general practice.
Butazolidin Suppository Medication in Rheumatism: A Clinical Study in General Practice
Authors: Mcintosh IB 
Published: July 2023

One hundred and seventeen patients with various rheumatic conditions were admitted by eighteen general practitioners to a multicentre open clinical trial of the acceptability, effectiveness and tolerability of Butazolidin Suppositories. Dosage was one or two suppositories (= 250 mg or 500 mg phenylbutazone) per day for up to eight weeks. Of the 117 patients entered onto the register for the study, 10 patients refused suppository medication and 8 had local conditions contra-indicating their use. Of the 99 patients starting the trial proper, half had excellent symptomatic relief and tolerance. Sixteen patients discontinued because of poor response. The remainder (34) whilst having significant improvement as shown by mean symptom scores, discontinued treatment. The majority who discontinued did so because of minor local discomfort or minor gastric symptoms, suggesting that acceptability of medication was at least as important as intolerance. No patient had a serious or persistent adverse effect. Comparison with previous studies suggests that gastro-intestinal tolerance to phenylbutazone is improved when it is administered by suppository.
Decentring the Western Gaze in International Relations: Addressing Epistemic Exclusions in Syllabi in the United States and Canada
Authors: Sondarjee Maïka 
Published: July 2023

Over the past few decades, International Relations (IR) scholars started to acknowledge the field’s racist and colonial legacy. However, only a few studies examined ethnocentricity in the Western IR classroom, and whereas most studied textbooks and graduate training, they seldom looked at undergraduate courses. This article demonstrates that the discipline is taught to IR scholars-to-be by centring Western experience, epistemes, history and agency. After defining the Western gaze of IR, I explore ways to decentre syllabi in the presentation of (1) world history, in (2) reading lists and in (3) the minds of Western IR instructors. This article is based on a qualitative analysis of 50 ‘Introduction to IR’ undergraduate syllabi in the United States and Canada. Décentrer le regard occidental en relations internationales : Les exclusions épistémiques des plans des cours aux États-Unis et au Canada