bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Health Record data is unable to effectively characterize measurement error from pulse oximetry: a simulation study
Authors: Sarraf Elie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose

Articles utilizing large data sets from electronic health records (EHR) have been used to demonstrate race-based imprecision in pulse oximetry (SpO2) measurements. These articles do not appear to recognize the impact of the variability of the SpO2 values with respect to time (“time deviation”). This manuscript seeks to demonstrate that due to this variability, EHR data should not be used to quantify SpO2 error

Methods

Utilizing the MIMIC-IV Waveform dataset, SpO2 values are sampled and used as reference samples. The error derived from the EHR data is simulated using a set of time deviations. The laboratory oxygen saturation measurements are also simulated using an average root mean squared (ARMS) error of 2%. The analysis is then undertaken to quantify the mean error, the standard deviation of the error, the ARMS error, and the Bland-Altman Limits of Agreements.

Results

All measured parameters appeared to increase as a function of the logarithm of the deviation time. At 10 minutes, the ARMS error increased from a baseline of 2% to over 4%

Conclusion

EHR data cannot be reliably used to quantify SpO2 error. Caution should be used in interpreting prior manuscripts.
Spatiotemporally Controlled Drug Delivery via Photothermally Driven Conformational Change of Self-integrated Plasmonic Hybrid Nanogels
Authors: Lee Seungki , Kim Subeen , Kim Doyun , You Jieun , Kim Ji Soo , Kim Hakchun , Park Jungwon , Song Jihwan , Choi Inhee 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Spatiotemporal regulation is one of the major considerations for developing a controlled and targeted drug delivery system to treat diseases efficiently. Light-responsive plasmonic nanostructures take advantage due to their tunable optical and photothermal properties by changing size, shape, and spatial arrangement.
Results
In this study, self-integrated plasmonic hybrid nanogels (PHNs) are developed for spatiotemporally controllable drug delivery through light-driven conformational change and photothermally-boosted endosomal escape. PHNs are easily synthesized through the simultaneous integration of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), thermo-responsive poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide), and linker molecules during polymerization. Wave-optic simulations reveal that the size of the PHNs and the density of the integrated GNPs are crucial factors in modulating photothermal conversion. Several linkers with varying molecular weights are inserted for the optimal PHNs, and the alginate-linked PHN (A-PHN) achieves more than 2-fold enhanced heat conversion compared with others. Since light-mediated conformational changes occur transiently, drug delivery is achieved in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Furthermore, light-induced heat generation from cellular internalized A-PHNs enables pinpoint cytosolic delivery through the endosomal rupture. Finally, the deeper penetration for the enhanced delivery efficiency by A-PHNs is validated using multicellular spheroid.
Conclusion
This study offers a strategy for synthesizing light-responsive nanocarriers and an in-depth understanding of light-modulated site-specific drug delivery.
Recycled post-consumer HDPE as a matrix for Hemp Hurd Bio-composites for Commercial Scale-up Operations
Authors: Jubinville Dylan , Mekonnen Tizazu H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Two types of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were studied, post-consumer HDPE (P.C. HDPE) and virgin HDPE (vHDPE), to observe how properties may change after a polymer has undergone additional thermal, environmental, and service histories. The difference between the virgin and P.C. HDPE was analyzed via rotational rheology as well as thermal and mechanical evaluations. Hemp hurd powder (HP) was then melt compounded with the P.C. and vHDPE polymers at 30 and 50 wt.% to fabricate hemp plastic composites (HPCs). Finally, 3 wt.% maleated HDPE was introduced as a compatibilizer to better ease stress transfer and particle distribution. All melt mixing operations were prepared using a melt kinetic mixer followed by injection molding. The P.C. HDPE had undergone severe cross-linking reactions, shown by a substantial increase in melt viscosity, which correlated to changes with weight average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, obtained via rotation rheometry. The crosslinking-mediated increase in viscosity also led to an increase in tensile strength and notched izod impact strength. After compatibilizing, there were notable increases in all tensile and impact strengths while also displaying a decrease in apparent thermal conductivity due to a reduction in crystallinity. Finally, when scaling up a selected composite it was found that a twin screw extruder bestows enhanced properties, due to higher shear forces and better mixing when compared to a lab scale processes.
MHD Flow in Simple Cubic Periodic Array Geometry
Authors: Buligins Leonids , Bucenieks I. , Grants I. , Kaldre I. , Kravalis Kalvis , Mikanovskis O. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of liquid metal flow in Capillary Porous System (CPS) under strong external magnetic field. Overlapping simple cubic (SC) periodic array of electrically nonconductive spheres with diameter 6 mm and distance between spheres centers 5.6 mm is 3D printed from PLA filament. Flow of up to 50 ml/s of In-Ga-Sn in pore space in magnetic field of superconducting magnet up to 5T is investigated. Three orientations of magnetic field in relation to the main flow in SC cell are considered – colinear with main flow and perpendicular to it. The values of Reynolds, Hartmann and Stuart numbers in experiment are up to 1160, 90 and 350. The results indicate that parallel to the main flow orientation of magnetic field has little influence on the flowrate, while perpendicular orientation strongly reduces flowrate with dependence close to 1/Ha, which agrees well with ANSYS Fluent simulations in a unit SC cell, resembling results for channel flow in magnetic field.
Diversity, distribution, and conservation status of wild edible fruit species in Sumatra, Indonesia: A case study in western and eastern Bukit Barisan Mountains
Authors: Suwardi Adi Bejo , Syamsuardi Syamsuardi , Mukhtar Erizal , Nurainas Nurainas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Bukit Barisan Mountains in Sumatra, Indonesia is home to a diverse range of plant species. However, this area has been subjected to intense human pressure resulting in various biological resources such as wild edible fruit species (WEFs) being under threat. The study aimed to 1) investigate the diversity of WEFs in the Bukit Barisan Mountains, Sumatra; 2) evaluate the suitable habitat and potential geographic distribution of WEFs in the Bukit Barisan Mountains, Sumatra; and 3) determine the conservation status of WEFs in Sumatra. This study was conducted in four provinces of Sumatra, Indonesia, including Sumatera Barat, Jambi, Riau, and Bengkulu, which are divided into two zones: the western of Bukit Barisan Mountains and the eastern of Bukit Barisan Mountains. At each study area, a line transect of 1,000 meters was laid from the forest's edge into the forest. WEFs discovered along the transect were collected and given local names. A total of 326 WEFs belonged to 74 botanical families and 170 genera were recorded. Of the 326 species, 125 species are found in the western of the Bukit Barisan Mountains and 228 species in the eastern Bukit Barisan Mountains. Our study highlights nearly half of the WEFs found in the Bukit Barisan Mountains are listed as threatened on the IUCN red list.
Predicting Long-term Neurocognitive Outcome after Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Admission - Exploring the Potential of Machine Learning
Authors: Sonnaville Eleonore S.V. , Vermeule Jacob , Oostra Kjeld , Knoester Hennie , Woensel Job B.M. , Allouch Somaya Ben , Oosterlaan Jaap , Kӧnigs Marsh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose: For successful prevention and intervention, it is important to unravel the complex constellation of factors that affect neurocognitive functioning after Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission. This study aims (1) to elucidate the potential relevance of patient and PICU-related characteristics for long-term neurocognitive outcome after PICU admission; and (2) to determine the potential of machine learning to improve outcome prediction.
Methods: In this single-center cohort study we investigated 65 children aged 6-12 years with previous PICU admission for bronchiolitis (age ≤1 year). Patient and PICU-related characteristics used for the prediction models were: demographic characteristics, perinatal and disease parameters, laboratory results and intervention characteristics, including hourly validated mechanical ventilation parameters. Neurocognitive outcome was measured by intelligence and computerized neurocognitive testing. Prediction models were developed for each of the neurocognitive outcomes using Regression Trees, k-Nearest Neighbors and conventional Linear Regression analysis.
Results: Lower intelligence was predicted by lower birth weight and lower socioeconomic status (R2 = 25.9%). Poorer performance on the Speed and Attention domain was predicted by younger age at follow-up (R2 = 53.5%). Poorer verbal memory was predicted by lower birth weight, younger age at follow-up, and greater exposure to acidotic events (R2 = 50.6%). The machine learning models did not reveal added value in terms of model performance as compared to Linear Regression.
Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that in children with previous PICU admission for bronchiolitis: (1) lower birth weight and lower socioeconomic status are associated to poorer neurocognitive outcome; and (2) greater exposure to acidotic events during PICU admission is associated with poorer verbal memory outcome. Findings of this study provide no evidence for added value of machine learning models as compared to linear regression analysis in the prediction of long-term neurocognitive outcome in a relatively small sample of children.
Enhancing Security of Cognitive Radio Network with Rate Splitting
Authors: Sultana Rezwana 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, Rate Splitting (RS) technique has been proposed in Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) in the presence of eavesdropper. Applying RS the message transmitted from Primary User (PU) and Secondary User (SU) are splitted into common and private parts where the common message can be decoded by any one whereas the private one can only be decoded by the intended user. Authors are interested to develop a mathematical model consists of the closed-form analytical expression for the secrecy capacity (SC) to protect that confidential information from eavesdropping. After that, Constructive Interfrence (CI) precoding and Zero Forcing (ZF) precoding techniques have been applied with RS technology. The results shows that CI with RS outperforms ZF with RS.
CENPW as a biological indicator: predicting prognosis and guiding treatment in a patient with Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Deng Shijie , Han Tingting , Huang Qimei , Lu Jing , Yu Zhaoxia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Employing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)and GEO database to investigate whether the centromere protein W(CENPW) gene can be used as a biological marker for prognosis and guiding therapy for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC).
Methods: KIRC patient’s transcriptome profiling data and clinical data were downloaded from the TCGA and GEO database. Thereafter, TIMER2.0 was used to analyze the expression of CENPW in normal and tumor tissues. Single-gene differential analysis and survival analysis were used to demonstrate the relationship between CENPW expression and prognosis. Clinical correlation analysis and univariate and multivariate analysis were utilized to identify the expression relationship of target genes in clinical features. Receiver operating characteristic curves ROC was harnessed to assess the reliability and sensitivity of CENPW as a predictor of prognosis. Further, Nomo plots and prognostic nomograms were established to predict probable 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall KIRC patient survival. Moreover, gene co-expression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between target genes and co-expressed genes. In addition, functional enrichment analysis was employed to identify the biological functions of CENPW. GSEA was performed to explore underlying biological processes and cellular pathways. Finally, immune cell infiltration analysis, clustered KIRC patients were performed according to the expression of CD8(+)T cells and performed immunotherapy analysis and drug sensitivity tests among the two clusters. At the same time, we also performed HE staining and CD8 immunochemical staining in tumor tissues and normal tissues. The results of IHC staining were quantified for differential and survival analysis.
Results: We constructed and validated the CENPW prognostic signature of KIRC patients in the TCGA and GEOdatabase. It was thereafter confirmed that patients with high CENPW expression had a poor prognosis, while the ROC curve (AUC at 5 years: 0.658) indicated that CENPW had reliable predictive power. Subsequently,a prognostic nomogram was built and achieved strong predictive accuracy. Some chemical drugs such as 17-AAG, CCT018159 and CI-1040 were more sensitive in cluster 1 than in cluster 2. In addition，there was significant difference between cluster 1 and cluster 2 in PD-1 and CTLA4 immunotherapy.
Conclusion: CENPW may be employed as a biological indicator for prognosis and guiding treatment in KIRC patients.
Primary bladder neck obstruction in men – what´s new in the pathophysiology of this underestimated problem?
Authors: Cash Hannes , Wendler Johann , Minore Antonio , Goumas Ioannis Kartlas , Cindolo Luca 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO) is a dysfunction of the bladder neck (BN) in which the collum vesicae is narrow or fails to open adequately during voiding, resulting in a bladder outlet obstruction. PBNO causes storage or voiding LUTS often years before a correct diagnosis of PBNO is made. These patients have often been seen by many physicians and misdiagnosed as having psychogenic voiding dysfunction because of a normal prostate on rectal examination, a negligible residual urine volume, and a normal endoscopic bladder and prostate appearance. The cause of PBNO has not yet been clarified and has so far been a clinical differential diagnosis after the exclusion of the usual differential diagnoses of LUTS and bladder emptying disorders. Several publications let assume that PBNO could be induced by inflammatory processes, possibly by the same inflammatory patterns that have been previously described for BPH development, leading to an initially reversiblel and later irreversible remodeling of the connective tissue of the BN. The clinical value of these observations consists of a correct and precise diagnostic framework especially in young men referring pelvic pain and LUTS despite their small prostate volumes. The proper diagnosis could provide a tempestive calculated therapy proposal that can stop illness progression or in same cases reverse inflammation and collagenic deposition, limiting the risk of future obstruction and symtomatic progression.
The Role of T1 and T2 Mapping on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Sudden Cardiac Arrest Survivors
Authors: Gil Katarzyna Elżbieta , Truong Vien T , Zareba Karolina M , Varghese Juliet , Simonetti Orlando P , Rajpal Saurabh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Etiology of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is identified in less than 30% of survivors without coronary artery disease. We sought to assess the diagnostic role of myocardial parametric mapping using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in identifying SCA etiology.
Methods
Consecutive SCA survivors undergoing CMR with myocardial parametric mapping were included in the study. The determination if CMR was decisive or contributory in identifying SCA etiology was made if the diagnosis was unclear prior to CMR, and the discharge diagnosis was consistent with the CMR result. Parametric mapping was considered essential for the CMR diagnosis if the SCA etiology could have not been determined without its utilization, and contributory if the diagnosis could have been potentially based on the combination of cine and LGE imaging, without optimal assessment of the severity and prognosis of the disease (offered by parametric mapping).
Results
Of the 35 patients (mean age 46.9 ± 14.1 years; 57% males) included, diagnosis was based on CMR in 23 (66%) patients. Of those, parametric mapping was essential for the diagnosis of myocarditis and tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy (11/48%) and contributed to the diagnosis in 10 (43%) additional cases.
Conclusion
Inclusion of quantitative T1 and T2 parametric mapping in the SCA CMR protocol has the potential to increase diagnostic yield of CMR and further specify SCA etiology, especially myocarditis. CMR performed early after SCA may aid in the decision-making regarding ICD implantation.
The Comparison of the mental health of nurses and non-medical staff during the coronavirus outbreak
Authors: Ardestani Seyed Abolfazl Fatemi , Mohammadi Amir Hossein , Salehi Ali , Rahimi Habibollah , Sepehrmanesh Zahra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Given the importance of improving the hospital's staff’s mental health and its key role in the quality of the services provided and also paying attention to the fact that the mental health of nurses and the non-medical staff in Iran hasn't been compared before during the covid-19 pandemic; this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the mental health of these two groups during the mentioned time.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 67 non-medical staff and 61 nurses in 2020 in Kashan, Iran. Samples were obtained using the convenience sampling method and in order to collect the required data, the GHQ-28 (general health questionnaire) and the demographic characteristic questionnaire were used. At the end the data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of participants' age was 36.29±8.58 and their work experience was 11.76±8.34. The sex ratio was, 97 (75.8%) female and 31 (24.2%) male. Sixty six (51.6%) participants had a score higher than the questionnaire cut-off. GHQ-based mental health score in nurses was significantly higher than the non-medical staff (p= 0.007). Also, the prevalence of possible disorders based on GHQ cut-off point in nurses was significantly higher (p= 0.002).
Conclusion: Our study showed that the non-medical staff had better mental health during the covid-19 outbreak compared to nurses. Thus, taking nurses' mental health into consideration is of great importance.
Efficient Implementation of Double Random Phase Encoding and Empirical Mode Decomposition for Cancelable Biometrics
Authors: Salama Gerges M. , El-Shafai Walid , El-Gazar Safaa , Omar Basma , Hassan A. A , El-Samie Fathi Abd , Hussein Aziza 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Fault Diagnosis Evaluation Method and Index System in Digitalized Distribution Substation Areas
Authors: CHEN Jie , SHENG Wanxing , GUAN Shilei , ZHOU Feiyan , ZHAO Bo , SHI Changkai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Digitalized distribution substation areas constructed with intelligent transformer terminals can realize various advanced application scenarios using IoT technology, which provides a new perspective for fault diagnosis problem solving in power distribution systems. This paper briefly introduces the principle of fault diagnosis based on a digitalized substation area. Then, we propose a fault diagnosis effectiveness evaluation index system containing first priority qualification indices, second priority performance indices, and an index weight calculation method based on the hierarchical analysis method and improved entropy weight method. Through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a comprehensive evaluation of the fault diagnosis effectiveness is carried out. At the end of this article, the effectiveness of the proposed evaluation method and index system is verified through example analysis.
Characterization of a novel VenusX orthogonal dual-layer multileaf collimator
Authors: Wang Qingxin , Wang Zhongqiu , Yang Chengwen , Zhang Daguang , Wang Jun , Wang Ping , Li Qifeng , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
We investigated and characterized the performance of a novel orthogonal dual-layer multileaf collimator (αMLC) mounted on the LinaTech VenusX medical linear accelerator.
Methods
We evaluated leaf positioning accuracy and reproducibility using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images of the picket fence test. The average, interleaf, and leaf-end transmissions of the upper, lower, and both αMLC layers were measured using an ionization chamber or EPID. The square and rhombus fields were used to evaluate the leaf penumbra of αMLC. To investigate the advantages of an orthogonal dual-layer MLC in field shaping, a right triangular pattern field, and a circular pattern field were formed using both layers and a single layer of the αMLC. These two evaluation pattern fields imaged were acquired by EPID and compared.
Results
The deviations in the positioning accuracy of the upper and lower MLC were 0.76 mm and 0.62 mm, respectively. Reproducibility was 0.29 mm and 0.26 mm correspondingly. The measured average transmissions were 1.86%, 1.82% and 0.03% for upper-, lower- and dual-layer MLC, respectively. The maximum interleaf transmission of the lower-layer MLC was 2.22% and 0.21% for the dual-layer. The maximum leaf-end transmissions were 23.90% and 0.44% correspondingly. Penumbra of the square field is 6.2 mm in X direction and 8.0 mm in Y direction. Average penumbras of the rhombus fields with side lengths of 5 cm and 10 cm were 3.6 mm and 4.9 mm, respectively. For the right triangular and circular fields, the fields shaped by the dual-layer of the αMLC were much closer to the planned field than the single-layer MLC. The dose undulation amplitude of the 50% isodose lines and the leaf stepping angle change of both layers was smaller than the single-layer MLC.
Conclusions
The αMLC benefits from its orthogonal dual-layer design. Leaf transmission, dose undulations at the field edge, and MLC field dependence of the leaf stepping angle of the dual-layer αMLC were remarkably reduced. αMLC can potentially improve the quality of IMRT and VMAT plans.
Ultrasound of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Involving Soft Tissue of the Arm: a case report.
Authors: Ciampi Saverio Antonio , Petrelli Cosimo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An 80-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a 11-month history of swelling that progressively involved the whole left upper limb. Her clinical history was rilevant for arterial hypertension, obesity and rheumatoid arthritis. Ultrasonography revealed hypoechoic nodules in soft tissue of the left arm,brachial vein thrombosisandmalignant left axillary lymphadenopathy. The patient started antithrombotic therapy and underwent axillary lymph nodes excisional biopsy: a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was made and she was referred to hematology clinic for chemotherapy. At a 3-month follow-up visit, the patient showed decrease of the swelling of her upper limb; the ultrasonographic control demonstrated reduction in size and number of soft tissue nodules and resolution of vein thrombosis.