bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Ludwig-Walz Helena , Dannheim Indra , Pfadenhauer Lisa M. , Fegert Jörg M. , Bujard Martin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
A growing number of studies point to a high mental health burden among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly concerning anxiety. However, the study quality and effect direction are heterogeneous in the existing primary studies with a lacking overview for the European continent. Therefore, this systematic review aims to critically synthesise the evidence regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety among children and adolescents in Europe compared to a pre-pandemic baseline.

Methods
A systematic literature search will be performed in six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and WHO COVID-19 database) with a peer reviewed search strategy according to the evidence-based checklist Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS). Inclusion criteria are children and adolescents ≤ 19 years living in Europe and data report during the COVID-19 pandemic with an appropriate pre-pandemic baseline. Primary outcomes are general anxiety symptoms and clinically relevant anxiety rates. Risk of bias will be assessed using the ‘Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Exposure’ (ROBINS-E). Data extraction will systematically include information on study design, population characteristics, COVID-19 determinants, pre-pandemic baseline, diagnostic instruments and outcome. The certainty of evidence for each outcome will be evaluated by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach adapted to the use of non-randomised studies. All process steps will be performed independently by two reviewers; any discrepancies will be discussed and, if necessary, resolved by a third author. Also, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, publication bias analysis, and meta-regression analysis, if applicable, will be performed. The systematic review was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and the protocol was prepared in accordance to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement.

Discussion
This systematic review will address the lack of a critical and comprehensive summary of findings on the COVID-19 pandemic impact on anxiety among children and adolescents in Europe. In addition, it aims to identify pandemic-policy differences, such as the effect of school-closures, and identify particularly vulnerable risk groups.

Systematic review registration
CRD42022303714 (PROSPERO).
Pointwise convergence of sequential Schrödinger means
Authors: Cho Chu-Hee , Ko Hyerim , Koh Youngwoo , Lee Sanghyuk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study pointwise convergence of the fractional Schrödinger means along sequences $t_{n}$

t
n

that converge to zero. Our main result is that bounds on the maximal function $\sup_{n} |e^{it_{n}(-\Delta )^{\alpha /2}} f| $

sup
n

|

e

i

t
n

(
−
Δ
)

α
/
2

f
|
can be deduced from those on $\sup_{0< t\le 1} |e^{it(-\Delta )^{\alpha /2}} f|$

sup

0
<
t
≤
1

|

e

i
t

(
−
Δ
)

α
/
2

f
|
, when $\{t_{n}\}$
{

t
n

}
is contained in the Lorentz space $\ell ^{r,\infty}$

ℓ

r
,
∞

. Consequently, our results provide seemingly optimal results in higher dimensions, which extend the recent work of Dimou and Seeger, and Li, Wang, and Yan to higher dimensions. Our approach based on a localization argument also works for other dispersive equations and provides alternative proofs of previous results on sequential convergence.
Changes in soil fertility and microbial communities following cultivation of native grassland in Horqin Sandy Land, China: a 60-year chronosequence
Authors: Tang Jiao , Yin Jinzhong , Davy Anthony J. , Pan Feifei , Miao Renhui , Han Xu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Grassland conversion to cropland is a prevailing change of land use in traditionally nomadic areas, especially in the Mongolian Plateau. We investigated the effects of grassland conversion followed by continuous cultivation on soil properties and microbial community characteristics in Horqin Sandy Land, a typical agro-pastoral transition zone of Northern China. Soil samples were collected from the topsoil (upper 20 cm) across a 60-year cultivation chronosequence (5, 15, 25, 35 and 60 years) and unconverted native grassland. Soil physico-chemical properties were determined and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess microbial community diversity and composition.

Results
Grassland cultivation resulted in changes to soil properties in both the short and longer term. Initially, it significantly increased soil bulk density (BD), electrical conductivity (EC), soil total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) concentrations, while reducing soil water content (SWC) and soil organic carbon content (SOC). Over the next 35–55 years of continuous cultivation, the trend for most of these characteristics was of reversion towards values nearer to those of native grassland, except for SOC which remained highly depleted. Cultivation of grassland substantially altered soil microbial communities at phylum level but there was no significant difference in microbial α-diversity between native grassland and any cropland. However, soil bacterial and fungal community structures at phylum level in the croplands of all cultivation years were different from those in the native grasslands. Heatmaps further revealed that bacterial and fungal structures in cropland tended to become more similar to native grassland after 15 and 25 years of cultivation, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that SOC, EC and BD were primary determinants of microbial community composition and diversity.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that agricultural cultivation of grassland has considerable effects on soil fertility and microbial characteristics of Horqin Sandy Land. Intensive high-yield forage grass production is proposed as an alternative to avoid further native grassland reclamation, while meeting the grazing development needs in the ethnic minority settlements of eco-fragile regions.
Global pattern in hunger and educational opportunity: a multilevel analysis of child hunger and TIMSS mathematics achievement
Authors: Canbolat Yusuf , Rutkowski David , Rutkowski Leslie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn low-income countries, there exists a common concern about the effect of hunger and food insecurity on educational outcomes. However, income inequalities, economic slowdown, conflict, and climate change have raised those concerns globally. Yet, little is known about how widespread the problem of hunger in schools is worldwide. This study examines child hunger and student achievement internationally, using data from the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019. To examine the relationship between hunger and student achievement, we fitted multilevel models to the data and controlled for student SES, class SES, teacher experience, and teacher educational attainment. The results suggest that hunger among students is not exclusive to low-income countries. Instead, child hunger is a common issue around the world, affecting about one-third of children and exacerbating unequal education opportunities globally. Controlling for other variables, the achievement gap between students who never come to school hungry and those who come to school always or almost always hungry is significant and deserves our attention. A clear policy recommendation from our results suggests that all countries that participated in TIMSS need to examine their school meal programs and explore ways to feed the students who show up to school hungry.
Nurse-to-family telehealth for pediatric transfers: protocol for a feasibility and pilot cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rosenthal Jennifer L. , Hoyt-Austin Adrienne E. , Ketchersid Audriana , Sanders April , Harper Thomas A. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Young Heather M. , Romano Patrick S. , Marcin James P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Children presenting to emergency departments of community hospitals may require transfer to a children’s hospital for more definitive care, but the transfer process can be distressing and burdensome to patients, families, and the healthcare system. Using telehealth to bring the children’s hospital nurse virtually to the bedside of the child in the emergency department has the potential to promote family-centered care and minimize triage issues and other transfer-associated burdens. To explore the feasibility of the nurse-to-family telehealth intervention, we are conducting a pilot study.

Methods
This parallel cluster randomized controlled feasibility and pilot trial will randomize six community emergency departments to use either nurse-to-family telehealth (intervention) or usual care (control) for pediatric inter-facility transfers. All eligible children presenting to a participating site during the study period who require inter-facility transfer will be included. Eligibility requires that there be an English-speaking adult parent or guardian at the emergency department bedside. We will examine feasibility objectives that assess protocol assignment adherence, fidelity, and survey response rates. We will measure subject-level exploratory outcome data to test feasibility of data collection and to obtain effect size estimates; exploratory outcomes include family-centered care, family experience, parent acute stress, parent distress, and change in level of care. Additionally, we will conduct a mixed methods implementation evaluation using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework.

Discussion
The findings from this trial will increase our understanding about nurse-to-family telehealth during pediatric transfers. The mixed methods implementation evaluation will provide relevant insight about the contextual factors that influence the implementation and rigorous evaluation of our intervention.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05593900. First Posted: October 26, 2022. Last Update Posted: December 5, 2022.
In vivo mutagenicity assessment of styrene in MutaMouse liver and lung
Authors: Murata Yasumasa , Natsume Masakatsu , Iso Takako , Shigeta Yoshiyuki , Hirose Nozomu , Umano Takaaki , Horibata Katsuyoshi , Sugiyama Kei-ichi , Masumura Kenichi , Hirose Akihiko , Matsumoto Mariko 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Styrene (CAS 100-42-5) is widely used as polystyrene and acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene resin such as plastic, rubber, and paint. One of the primary uses of styrene is food utensils and containers, but a small amount of styrene transferred into food can be ingested by eating. Styrene is metabolized into styrene 7,8-oxide (SO). SO is mutagenic in bacteria and mouse lymphoma assays. It is clastogenic in cultured mammalian cells. However, styrene and SO are not clastogenic/aneugenic in rodents, and no rodent in vivo gene mutation studies were identified.

Methods
To investigate the mutagenicity of orally administered styrene, we used the transgenic rodent gene mutation assay to perform an in vivo mutagenicity test (OECD TG488). The transgenic MutaMouse was given styrene orally at doses of 0 (corn oil; negative control), 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg/day for 28 days, and mutant frequencies (MFs) were determined using the lacZ assay in the liver and lung (five male mice/group).

Results
There were no significant differences in the MFs of the liver and lung up to 300 mg/kg/day (close to maximum tolerable dose (MTD)), when one animal with extremely high MFs that were attributed to an incidental clonal mutation was omitted. Positive and negative controls produced the expected results.

Conclusions
These findings show that styrene is not mutagenic in the liver and lung of MutaMouse under this experimental condition.
Growing Older Urbanism: exploring the nexus between ageing, the built environment, and urban ecosystems
Authors: Grey Thomas , Xidous Dimitra , O’Neill Desmond , Collier Marcus 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Some of the main urban issues we currently face include ageing populations, the impact of the built environment, and the treatment of urban ecosystems. Yet the dynamic relationships and synergies between these issues, and how they are influenced by urban growth and evolution, receives little attention.

Research focus
We explore the nexus between people, the urban built environment, and ecosystems as they grow, age, change, and evolve and propose an integrated approach to examine the relationships, synergies, and challenges that may emerge over time within urban neighbourhoods. We argue that this should draw on the lived-experience and wisdom of older people as part of an intergenerational approach underpinned by local, traditional, and ecological knowledge. We propose Growing Older Urbanism as an ecological, co-evolutionary, and complex-adaptive-systems-based framework to explore the nexus between ageing, the built environment, and urban ecosystems and to reveal the synergies and antagonisms that might exist between these three elements. This framework is designed to be used for various types of urban neighbourhoods, and by a diverse range of stakeholders. As part of this approach we provide a preliminary visual canvas to illustrate how the framework might be used within a selected neighbourhood over an agreed timespan.

Conclusion
This paper presents some early thinking around the Growing Older Urbanism concept, while also outlining questions and a proposed transdisciplinary research programme to further develop the framework. We argue that understanding the relationship between ageing and the co-evolution of people, place, and ecosystems may teach us about our past, present, and future, and help us grow towards inclusive and sustainable communities.
GNSS rapid precise point positioning enhanced by low Earth orbit satellites
Authors: Hong Ju , Tu Rui , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Rui , Han Junqiang , Fan Lihong , Wang Siyao , Lu Xiaochun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites can be used to effectively speed up Precise Point Positioning (PPP) convergence. In this study, 180 LEO satellites with a global distribution are simulated to evaluate their contribution to the PPP convergence. LEO satellites can give more redundant observations and improve satellite geometric distributions, particularly for a single Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The convergence speed of the PPP float solution using the Global Positioning System (GPS, G) or BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS, C) single system as well as the G/C/Galileo navigation satellite system (Galileo, E)/GLObal NAvigation Satellite System (GLONASS, R) combined system with LEO satellites added is improved by 90.0%, 91.0%, and 90.7%, respectively, with respect to the system without LEO satellites added. We introduced LEO observations to assist GNSS in PPP-AR (Ambiguity Resolution) and PPP-RTK (Real Time Kinematic). The success fix rate of a single system is significantly improved, and the Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) of G and G/C/E is reduced by 86.4% and 82.8%, respectively, for the PPP-AR solution. We analyzed the positioning performance of LEO satellite assisted G/C/E PPP-RTK in the reference networks of different scales, namely different atmospheric delay interpolation accuracies. The success fix rate of the G/C/E combined system is improved from 86.8 to 94.9%, and the TTFF is reduced by 36.8%, with the addition of LEO satellites in the 57 km reference network. In the 110 km reference network, the success fix rate of the G/C/E combined system is improved from 64.0 to 88.6%, and the TTFF is reduced by 32.1%. GNSS PPP-RTK with adding the LEO satellites in the reference networks of different scales shows obvious improvement because the atmospheric correlation decreases with increasing distance from the reference networks.
Efficient fully coupled 3D poroelastic modeling of geomechanical deformation during depletion and reinjection: An asymptotic transformation of Biot’s poroelasticity from a dynamic to a quasistatic response
Authors: Shabelansky Andrey H. , Nihei Kurt T. , Fradelizio Gian , Tracey Sinead , Bevc Dimitri 
Published: April 2023

We develop an approach for efficient 3D simulation of the quasistatic fully coupled poroelastic response of a reservoir during depletion and subsequent reinjection. The approach uses a scaling of the solid and fluid densities in Biot’s poroelastic equations. This scaling impacts the critical frequency [Formula: see text] of Biot’s slow wave that defines diffusive flow ([Formula: see text]) and wave propagation ([Formula: see text]). We find the criterion for the density scaling range over which the poroelastic response is accurately modeled and benchmark the approach against Terzaghi’s 1D and Rudnicki’s 3D analytic solutions. The density scaling approach is presently limited to single-phase fluid flow. To illustrate the utility of this approach, we simulate microseismic depletion delineation (MDD) in a fractured unconventional reservoir. The reservoir, which is subjected to an anisotropic stress field, is first produced for 1000 days, and then a reinjection (below the in situ pressure) is performed for 100 days. We find that stress reorientation during production produces favorable conditions for the generation of Mohr-Coulomb slip-related microseismicity. The locations of these microseismic events are found to be consistent with depleted portions of the fracture system, in accordance with the MDD concept.
Management of medically assisted withdrawal from alcohol in acute adult mental health and specialist addictions in-patient services: UK clinical audit findings
Authors: Sinclair Julia , Barnes Thomas R. E. , Lingford-Hughes Anne , Drummond Colin , Loubser Ignatius , Rendora Olivia , Paton Carol 
Published: April 2023

Background
Medically assisted alcohol withdrawal (MAAW) is increasingly undertaken on acute adult psychiatric wards.

Aims
Comparison of the quality of MAAW between acute adult wards and specialist addictions units in mental health services.

Method
Clinical audit conducted by the Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health (POMH). Information on MAAW was collected from clinical records using a bespoke data collection tool.

Results
Forty-five National Health Service (NHS) mental health trusts/healthcare organisations submitted data relating to the treatment of 908 patients undergoing MAAW on an acute adult ward or psychiatric intensive care unit (PICU) and 347 admitted to a specialist NHS addictions unit. MAAW had been overseen by an addiction specialist in 33 (4%) of the patients on an acute adult ward/PICU. A comprehensive alcohol history, measurement of breath alcohol, full screening for Wernicke's encephalopathy, use of parenteral thiamine, prescription of medications for relapse prevention (such as acamprosate) and referral for specialist continuing care of alcohol-related problems following discharge were all more commonly documented when care was provided on a specialist unit or when there was specialist addictions management on an acute ward.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that the quality of care provided for medically assisted withdrawal from alcohol, including the use of evidence-based interventions, is better when clinicians with specialist addictions training are involved. This has implications for future quality improvement in the provision of MAAW in acute adult mental health settings.
A Rare Case of Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Cancer and Literature Review
Authors: Mittal Ashima , Sandhu Ariel , Chhetri Mamta , Jaiswal Gayatri 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common thyroid developmental abnormality with a prevalence of 7%, but thyroglossal duct cyst cancer is rare. The incidence of thyroglossal duct cyst cancer is about 1%. The diagnosis is limited by low yield on fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and most cases are diagnosed after surgery. There is a paucity of data on the utility of thyroglobulin washout for diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst cancer, and it has not been mentioned in previous case reports/series. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common pathology. Preoperative planning is important as the decision about total thyroidectomy with the Sistrunk procedure (excision of the thyroglossal duct cyst, middle part of hyoid bone, and surrounding tissue around the thyroglossal tract) depends on the presence of clinical or radiological thyroid abnormality. Thyroglossal duct cyst cancer has an excellent prognosis. However, owing to a lack of standard of care for this type of thyroid cancer, there is institutional variability in management. We present a case of thyroglossal duct cyst cancer in a man presenting with painless midline neck swelling. Imaging was suspicious for thyroglossal duct cyst cancer. FNAB was benign. The patient underwent the Sistrunk procedure and pathology was positive for papillary thyroid cancer.
Association of Isolated Hypothyroxinemia and Subclinical Hypothyroidism With Birthweight: A Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Sankoda Akiko , Arata Naoko , Sato Shiori , Umehara Nagayoshi , Morisaki Naho , Ito Yushi , Sago Haruhiko , Yano Yuichiro , Horikawa Reiko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractContextIsolated hypothyroxinemia (low maternal free thyroxine [FT4] in the absence of thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] elevation) and subclinical hypothyroidism (high TSH in the absence of FT4 elevation) during early pregnancy are common. However, there are limited data regarding pregnancy outcomes, particularly their association with birthweight.ObjectiveWe assessed the association between isolated hypothyroxinemia and subclinical hypothyroidism during the first trimester and birthweight.MethodsAnalyses were conducted using a database of pregnant women (n = 1105; median age, 35 years) who delivered at the National Center for Child Health and Development, a tertiary hospital in Tokyo. The primary outcomes included the rates of small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and low birth weight.ResultsOf the 1105 pregnant women, 981 were classified into the euthyroidism group, 25 into the isolated hypothyroxinemia group, and 26 into the subclinical hypothyroidism group during the first trimester. The prevalence of SGA was significantly higher in isolated hypothyroxinemia and subclinical hypothyroidism groups than the euthyroidism group (28.0% and 19.2%, respectively, vs 5.7%; P &lt; .01). The odds ratio with 95% CI for SGA was 12.51 (4.41-35.53) for isolated hypothyroxinemia and 4.44 (1.57-12.56) for subclinical hypothyroidism in a multivariable adjustment model. Isolated hypothyroxinemia and subclinical hypothyroidism were not significantly associated with LGA and low birth weight.ConclusionPregnant women with isolated hypothyroxinemia and subclinical hypothyroidism in the first trimester have an increased likelihood of SGA. Screening and careful perinatal checkups for isolated hypothyroxinemia and subclinical hypothyroidism may help identify pregnant women at high risk for SGA.