bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Geometric Models for Predicting Permeability Coefficients and Specific Surface Areas of Fibrous Porous Media
Authors: Maré Esmari , Woudberg Sonia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeveral studies in the literature have been devoted to the permeability prediction of metal foams and stacked fibres, including the representative unit cell (RUC) model. This study is the first to involve a comparative analysis for the permeability and specific surface area prediction of different versions of the RUC model for fibrous media, i.e. the 2D RUC models for in-plane and through plane flow, the 3D RUC model, the two-strut RUC models for in-plane and through plane flow and the three-strut RUC model. These models are chosen due to their simple rectangular geometry, as well as its satisfying performance in comparison with other models and experimental data as proven elsewhere in the literature for fibrous media. The Darcy and Forchheimer permeability coefficients of these models are presented of which some are novel contributions. A geometric approach requiring measured geometric parameters and a combined geometric-kinetic approach requiring measured permeability coefficients are included for determining the specific surface area for all the models of which the majority of expressions are new. Also novel to this study is the comparative analysis of the 2D and 3D RUC modelling approaches to that of the two-strut and three-strut approaches. An evaluation of which models would suit fibre-like media and which would suit foam-like media is also included with regard to permeability and specific surface area predictions, based on geometric features and model predictive ability. The models are evaluated through comparison with other models from the literature as well as available experimental and numerical data.
Student teachers’ conceptual knowledge of operant conditioning: How can case comparison support knowledge acquisition?
Authors: Kienzler Julia , Voss Thamar , Wittwer Jörg 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTeachers need knowledge about operant conditioning as an important way to prevent student misbehavior. In an experiment with 181 student teachers, we investigated how the acquisition of conceptual knowledge about operant conditioning can be promoted through case comparisons. Our results showed that case comparison effectively supported the acquisition of knowledge about operant conditioning. Knowledge acquisition was higher with more guidance during case comparison by providing key features to be used to compare the cases. Furthermore, with more guidance student teachers learned more efficiently. In addition, higher germane load and lower extraneous load were found to mediate the effect of instructional guidance on learning. The case comparison was also associated with a shift in student teachers’ beliefs, with more appropriate beliefs about operant conditioning afterwards. Thus, the results indicate that case comparison is an effective approach to promoting the acquisition of conceptual knowledge and positive beliefs about operant conditioning.
Quantifying the spatial nonstationary response of influencing factors on ecosystem health based on the geographical weighted regression (GWR) model: an example in Inner Mongolia, China, from 1995 to 2020
Authors: Na Li , Shi Yu , Guo Luo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe identification of ecosystem health and its influencing factors is crucial to the sustainable management of ecosystems and ecosystem restoration. Although numerous studies on ecosystem health have been carried out from different perspectives, few studies have systematically investigated the spatiotemporal heterogeneity between ecosystem health and its influencing factors. Considering this gap, the spatial relationships between ecosystem health and its factors concerning climate, socioeconomic, and natural resource endowment at the county level were estimated based on a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The spatiotemporal distribution pattern and driving mechanism of ecosystem health were systematically analysed. The results showed the following: (1) the ecosystem health level in Inner Mongolia spatially increases from northwest to southeast, displaying notable global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial aggregation. (2) The factors influencing ecosystem health exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity. Annual average precipitation (AMP) and biodiversity (BI) are positively correlated with ecosystem health, and annual average temperature (AMT) and land use intensity (LUI) are estimated to be negatively correlated with ecosystem health. (3) Annual average precipitation (AMP) significantly improves ecosystem health, whereas annual average temperature (AMT) significantly worsens eco-health in the eastern and northern regions. LUI negatively impacts ecosystem health in western counties (such as Alxa, Ordos, and Baynnur). This study contributes to extending our understanding of ecosystem health depending on spatial scale and can inform decision-makers about how to control various influencing factors to improve the local ecology under local conditions. Finally, this study also proposes some relevant policy suggestions and provides effective ecosystem preservation and management support in Inner Mongolia.
Public Health-Led Insights on Electric Micro-mobility Adoption and Use: a Scoping Review
Authors: Bretones Alexandra , Marquet Oriol , Daher Carolyn , Hidalgo Laura , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark , Miralles-Guasch Carme , Mueller Natalie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe advent of electric micro-mobility (EMM) has transformed the urban mobility landscape, with projections indicating a 5–10% increase in its modal share in European cities by 2030. In this scoping review, we aimed to comprehensively examine the key determinants of EMM adoption and usage from a public health perspective. Sixty-seven articles were included in the analysis, primarily covering e-bikes and e-scooters. The determinants were categorised into two broad categories: (1) contextual determinants that encompass enabling and hindering factors related to legal frameworks, transportation systems and infrastructure, and technology, and (2) individual-level determinants that pertain to intrinsic motivations and deterrents of individuals. Our findings reveal that EMM vehicles are widely perceived as a cost-effective, flexible, ad hoc, and fast mode of transportation within urban areas, augmenting accessibility and connectivity. Additionally, the lightweight, foldable, and transportable nature of these vehicles is highly appreciated by users. However, several barriers have also been identified, including inadequate infrastructure and end-of-trip facilities, limited capability to traverse diverse terrains and trip scenarios, acquisition and maintenance costs, limited carrying capacities, technical failures, and accident risks. Our results suggest that the interplay of contextual enablers and barriers and personal motivations and deterrents drive the emergence, adoption, and usage of EMM. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of both contextual and individual-level determinants is crucial for ensuring a sustainable and healthy uptake of EMM.
Unruhe bewahren. Eine unordentliche Antwort auf Loïc Wacquants Plädoyer für eine Diskurskorrektur
Authors: do Mar Castro Varela María 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungRassismus ist eine Tatsache und eine Erfahrung. Wie können wir über Rassismus sprechen, ohne rassistisch markierte Menschen zu verletzen? Wie Rassismus verstehen, um darauf aufbauend Strategien zu finden, die eine gerechtere Welt imaginierbar machen? Können dafür dieselben Methoden – Methoden des Sortierens und der Datensammlung – zum Einsatz kommen, die Rassismus ermöglicht haben? Der Text ist eine Antwort auf Loïc Wacquants Vorschlag, Rassismus mit Hilfe von fünf Grundsätzen und einem klaren und pragmatischen soziologischen Instrumentarium begreifbar zu machen. Dagegen wird argumentiert, dass Rassismus, gerade weil es sich bei diesem um eine jahrhundertalte Ideologie und Praxis handelt, die von europäischen Akademien legitimiert wurde, nach Strategien ruft, die nicht weiterhin die Illusion nähren, es wäre möglich, das Phänomen „in den Griff“ zu bekommen. Stattdessen wird dafür plädiert, der Empörung über die europäischen Wissenschaften, die Rassismus nicht nur geduldet, sondern auch aktiv möglich gemacht haben, Raum zu geben und in diesem Sinne Unruhe zu bewahren.
The lived experience of long-term follow-up clinical care for haematopoietic stem cell recipients in England: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Bell Blossom , Swainston Katherine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Despite a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) being a potentially curative treatment option for malignant and non-malignant disorders, patients may develop complex physical and psychological post-transplant complications. Consequently, transplant centres remain responsible for patients’ life-long monitoring and screening practices. We sought to describe how HSCT survivors experience long-term follow-up (LTFU) monitoring clinics in England.

Method
A qualitative approach was adopted with data collected from written accounts. Seventeen transplant recipients were recruited from across England, and the data was analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Data analysis elicited four themes: Transfer to LTFU care: ‘will there be a change in my care, or will appointments just become less frequent?’; Care Coordination: ‘it is good to know I am still in the system’; Relationship continuity: ‘a good knowledge of me, my health and what is important to me’; and Late-effects Screening: ‘there was not much information about what to expect or be aware of’.

Conclusions
HSCT survivors in England experience uncertainty and lack of information regarding the transfer from acute to long-term care and clinic screening practices. However, patients gain reassurance from remaining on a healthcare pathway and maintaining relationships with healthcare professionals.

Implications for cancer survivors
HSCT recipients entering LTFU monitoring clinics are a growing population of cancer survivors. Understanding and acknowledging this cohort of patients’ needs may inform the development of tailored support to help patients navigate the complicated healthcare pathway.
Do artificial neural networks provide improved volatility forecasts: Evidence from Asian markets
Authors: Sahiner Mehmet , McMillan David G. , Kambouroudis Dimos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper enters the ongoing volatility forecasting debate by examining the ability of a wide range of Machine Learning methods (ML), and specifically Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. The ANN models are compared against traditional econometric models for ten Asian markets using daily data for the time period from 12 September 1994 to 05 March 2018. The empirical results indicate that ML algorithms, across the range of countries, can better approximate dependencies compared to traditional benchmark models. Notably, the predictive performance of such deep learning models is superior perhaps due to its ability in capturing long-range dependencies. For example, the Neuro Fuzzy models of ANFIS and CANFIS, which outperform the EGARCH model, are more flexible in modelling both asymmetry and long memory properties. This offers new insights for Asian markets. In addition to standard statistics forecast metrics, we also consider risk management measures including the value-at-risk (VaR) average failure rate, the Kupiec LR test, the Christoffersen independence test, the expected shortfall (ES) and the dynamic quantile test. The study concludes that ML algorithms provide improving volatility forecasts in the stock markets of Asia and suggest that this may be a fruitful approach for risk management.
Injury Rates, Mechanisms, Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies in Youth Rugby Union: What’s All the Ruck-Us About? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: West Stephen W. , Shill Isla J. , Bailey Stuart , Syrydiuk Reid A. , Hayden K. Alix , Palmer Debbie , Black Amanda M. , Hagel Brent E. , Stokes Keith A. , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundRugby Union is a collision team sport played globally. Despite this, significant concerns have been raised regarding the sport’s safety, particularly in youth players. Given this, a review of injury rates, risk factors and prevention strategies is required across different youth age groups as well as in males and females.ObjectiveThe objective of this systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis was to investigate injury and concussion rates, risk factors and primary prevention strategies in youth rugby.MethodsTo be included, studies were required to report either rates, risk factors or prevention strategies in youth rugby and to have a randomised controlled trial, quasi-experimental, cohort, case control, or ecological study design. Exclusion criteria included non-peer-reviewed grey literature, conference abstracts, case studies, previous systematic reviews and studies not written in English. Nine databases were searched. The full search strategy and list of sources are available and pre-registered on PROSPERO (Ref: CRD42020208343). Each study was assessed for risk of bias using the Downs and Black quality assessment tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using a DerSimonian Laird random effect model for each age group and sex.ResultsSixty-nine studies were included in this SR. The match injury rates (using a 24-h time-loss definition) were 40.2/1000 match hours (95% CI 13.9–66.5) in males and 69.0/1000 match hours (95% CI 46.8–91.2) in females. Concussion rates were 6.2/1000 player-hours (95% CI 5.0–7.4) for males and 33.9/1000 player-hours (95% CI: 24.1–43.7) for females. The most common injury site was lower extremity (males) and the head/neck (females). The most common injury type was ligament sprain (males) and concussion (females). The tackle was the most common event associated with injury in matches (55% male, 71% females). Median time loss was 21 days for males and 17 days for females. Twenty-three risk factors were reported. The risk factors with the strongest evidence were higher levels of play and increasing age. Primary injury prevention strategies were the focus of only eight studies and included law changes (n = 2), equipment (n = 4), education (n = 1) and training (n = 1). The prevention strategy with the most promising evidence was neuromuscular training. The primary limitations included a broad range of injury definitions (n = 9) and rate denominators (n = 11) used, as well as a limited number of studies which could be included in the meta-analysis for females (n = 2).ConclusionA focus on high-quality risk factor and primary prevention evaluation should be considered in future studies. Targeting primary prevention and stakeholder education remain key strategies in the prevention, recognition and management of injuries and concussions in youth rugby.
Developing Lignite Pervious Concrete for Application in Pedestrian Walkways and Urban Runoff Treatment
Authors: Teymouri Ehsan , Pauzi Nurul Noraziemah Mohd , Wong Kwong Soon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present study, the mechanical characteristics and environmental aspects of lignite pervious concrete (LPC) in reducing stormwater pollution were investigated. Therefore, fine-grained lignite (0.6–1.2 mm) in various portions (up to 15% w/w of coarse aggregate) was added to the PC mixture. The workability, strength, cementitious paste thickness, and physical properties of LPC were examined for further application in urban areas with a focus on stormwater treatment. The statistical analysis of the results of ANOVA and visualization of the microstructure of LPC by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were also presented. The results showed that LPC is a sticky paste with no slump (0). Adding lignite also slightly reduced the compressive strength of LPC up to 23% lower than the control sample (13.8 MPa). In addition, the presence of lignite led to a considerable reduction in permeability (40%) and porosity (51%) compared to the control sample. It was also found that the increase in cementitious paste thickness resulted in an increase of the compressive strength, which was mainly concentrated between 0.3 and 1.8 mm. However, the performance of LPC in reducing stormwater contamination was promising. Sample L15, with the highest removal efficiency, reduced the chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and turbidity up to 42.14%, 63.38%, and 67.24%, respectively, while no significant changes were observed in pH, total dissolved solids, and nitrate (NO3). In short, although adding lignite to PC caused a reduction in the strength and physical properties of LPC, its efficiency in reducing stormwater pollution is quite promising, and it is recommended for use in green spaces of urban areas.
Graphical Abstract
Local intermediaries in energy transitions: bridging the gap from niche level to changing the regime
Authors: Laborgne Pia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe energy transition represents a complex and longterm process taking place at different governance levels and representing a set of policies and structural changes. The local level, especially cities and regions, can be considered as a central level for the implementation of energy transitions. These transitions are only in part technical ones, but essentially embedded in, based on, and consisting of changes in social practices and in the organization of societal problem-solving transforming infrastructure governance. This paper demonstrates one central form of organizational change in local energy transition strategies: The creation of local intermediaries, defined by their function and position in between other actors. Based on a case study in Frankfurt/Main, Germany, and referring to the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions and the concept of social innovation, it analyses how systemic intermediaries can e.g. bridge the gap from niche to changing the regime.
Assembly-level analysis on temperature coefficient of reactivity in a graphite-moderated fuel salt reactor fueled with low-enriched uranium
Authors: Li Xiao-Xiao , Cui De-Yang , Zou Chun-Yan , Wu Jian-Hui , Cai Xiang-Zhou , Chen Jin-Gen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo provide a reliable and comprehensive data reference for core geometry design of graphite-moderated and low-enriched uranium fueled molten salt reactors, the influences of geometric parameters on the temperature coefficient of reactivity (TCR) at an assembly level were characterized. A four-factor formula was introduced to explain how different reactivity coefficients behave in terms of the fuel salt volume fraction and assembly size. The results show that the fuel salt temperature coefficient (FSTC) is always negative owing to a more negative fuel salt density coefficient in the over-moderated region or a more negative Doppler coefficient in the under-moderated region. Depending on the fuel salt channel spacing, the graphite moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) can be negative or positive. Furthermore, an assembly with a smaller fuel salt channel spacing is more likely to exhibit a negative MTC. As the fuel salt volume fraction increases, the negative FSTC first weakens and then increases, owing to the fuel salt density effect gradually weakening from negative to positive feedback and then decreasing. Meanwhile, the MTC weakens as the thermal utilization coefficient caused by the graphite temperature effect deteriorates. Thus, the negative TCR first weakens and then strengthens, mainly because of the change in the fuel salt density coefficient. As the assembly size increases, the magnitude of the FSTC decreases monotonously owing to a monotonously weakened fuel salt Doppler coefficient, whereas the MTC changes from gradually weakened negative feedback to gradually enhanced positive feedback. Then, the negative TCR weakens. Therefore, to achieve a proper negative TCR, particularly a negative MTC, an assembly with a smaller fuel salt channel spacing in the under-moderated region is strongly recommended.
Analyzing Trends in Material Culture Evolution—a Case Study of Gravettian Points from Lower Austria and Moravia
Authors: Maier Andreas , John Robin , Linsel Florian , Roth Georg , Antl-Weiser Walpurga , Bauer Lisa , Buchinger Norbert , Cavak Levin , Hoffmann Helen , Puschmann Janos , Schemmel Marcel , Schmid Viola C. , Simon Ulrich , Thomas Roswitha 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIdentifying, analyzing, and explaining trends in the development of material culture is one of the major concerns in prehistoric archaeology. The traditional recording of data in typologies, however, is not optimal for answering the question of diachronic change because typological data capture variability poorly and are often incompatible with multivariate statistics. To overcome these problems, we present PyREnArA (Python-R-Environment for Artifact Analysis), a trait-based tool that allows for a systematic recording of diversity and variability in a way that is applicable to quantitative analysis and multivariate statistics. Using Gravettian assemblages from Lower Austria and Moravia as a case study, we analyze changes in the morphology as well as the design of lithic projectiles and statistically determine the amount of variation that correlates with the progression of time. We identify a slow trend towards slenderer and more pointed projectiles and a shift from laterally to latero-frontally hafted implements. Most of the analyzed traits, however, appear not to experience selective pressure and seem to be unrelated to the passage of time. We discuss these results with regard to different scales of selection, in particular individual choice vs. macroevolutionary group selection over longer periods of time and thus beyond the realm of individual intend, and we raise questions for future research.
Incidences of underlying causes of hypothermia in older patients in the emergency department: a systematic review
Authors: Snijders Birgitta M. G. , Roos Marvin J. , Keijsers Carolina J. P. W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeHypothermia is a serious condition in older adults. Knowledge of a priori chances of underlying diseases may affect initial management, hence prognosis. This systematic review provided an overview of existing literature on the incidences of underlying causes of hypothermia in older patients at the emergency department.MethodsMEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched up to February 1st, 2022. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 65 years, emergency department setting, and body temperature < 36.0 degrees Celsius. Exclusion criteria were iatrogenic hypothermia, no underlying cause reported, and patient selection based on specific diseases. Title/abstract and full-text were screened and quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Data were presented using descriptive statistics and narrative analyses.ResultsForty-one reports were included, including 6 cohort studies and 35 case reports. The 6 studies involved 2173 hypothermic patients, whose age varied from a mean of 67 to a median of 79 years and temperature from a median of 30.8 to a mean of 33.7 degrees Celsius. One study reported about primary hypothermia (incidence of 44%). Acute medical illness was often reported as underlying cause of secondary hypothermia (49–51%). Reported incidences of infection and sepsis ranged from 10 to 32%, of trauma up to 14%, and of alcohol intoxication from 5 to 26%.ConclusionLimited studies have been published regarding this topic, and the overall quality of the evidence was graded as low. Causes that should not be missed include acute medical illness, trauma, alcohol intoxication, primary hypothermia, thyroid failure, and drug-induced hypothermia.