bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interlayer exciton polaritons in homobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: König Jonas K , Fitzgerald Jamie M , Hagel Joakim , Erkensten Daniel , Malic Ermin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides integrated within a high-quality microcavity support well-defined exciton polaritons. While the role of intralayer excitons in 2D polaritonics is well studied, interlayer excitons have been largely ignored due to their weak oscillator strength. Using a microscopic and material-realistic Wannier–Hopfield model, we demonstrate that MoS2 homobilayers in a Fabry–Perot cavity support polaritons that exhibit a large interlayer exciton contribution, while remaining visible in linear optical spectra. Interestingly, with suitable tuning of the cavity length, the hybridization between intra- and interlayer excitons can be ‘unmixed’ due to the interaction with photons. We predict formation of polaritons where

>
90

% of the total excitonic contribution is stemming from the interlayer exciton. Furthermore, we explore the conditions on the tunneling strength and exciton energy landscape to push this to 100%. Despite the extremely weak oscillator strength of the underlying interlayer exciton, optical energy can be effectively fed into the polaritons once the critical coupling condition of balanced radiative and scattering decay channels is met. These findings have a wide relevance for fields ranging from nonlinear optoelectronic devices to Bose–Einstein condensation.
Study on the formation of arc plasma on the resistive wall liquid metal current limiter
Authors: LI Jinjin , DUAN Xiongying , HUANG Zhihui , XIE Weiying , LIAO Minfu , MA Chang , TAO Jia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Due to its significant attributes, the liquid metal current limiter (LMCL) is considered a new strategy for limiting short-circuit current in the power grid. A resistive wall liquid metal current limiter (RWLMCL) is designed to advance the starting current-limiting time. Experiments are performed to investigate the dynamic behaviors of liquid metal, and the influence of different currents on the liquid metal self-shrinkage effect is compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the liquid metal self-shrinkage effect is mathematically modeled, and the reason for the formation of arc plasma is obtained by simulation. The laws of arc plasma formation and the current transfer in the cavity are revealed, and the motion mechanisms are explained by physical principles. The simulations are in accordance with the test data. It is demonstrated that the sudden change of the current density at both ends of the wall causes the liquid metal to shrink and depress under the electromagnetic force, and the current starts to transfer from the liquid metal path to the wall resistance path. The RWLMCL can effectively advance the starting current-limiting time.
China’s grassland ecological compensation policy achieves win-win goals in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Zhou Ting , Yang Hongbo , Qiu Xiao , Sun Hailian , Song Peilin , Yang Wu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Approximately 10% of China’s grasslands are severely degraded and 90% of them are overgrazed. To protect ecosystems and boost human well-being, payments for ecosystem services programs have been implemented to generate win-win outcomes for pastoralists and the grasslands. Taking a payment for ecosystem services program in Damao County, Inner Mongolia as an example, our study evaluated the ecological effects of the Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy (GECP) based on historical trends at the pixel, parcel, and county levels. We also evaluated the socioeconomic effects of GECP using both objective and subjective well-being at the household level. Our results show that: (1) at the pixel level, the percentages of additionally increased Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Net Primary Production (NPP) were 93.4% and 93.3% after GECP implementation, corresponding to the average additional effects of 0.08 and 58.99 g C/m2, respectively. At the parcel level, the GECP additionally increased NDVI between 0.02–0.17 (average of 0.08) and increased NPP between 28.36–115.15 (average of 60.30) g C/m2, respectively. At the county level, the GECP additionally increased grassland NDVI and NPP by 0.07 (∼3.4% annually) and 53.63 g C/m2 (∼4.5% annually) from 2008 to 2020, respectively; and (2) the GECP implementation significantly improved pastoralists’ objective well-being (P < 0.01) while the effects on subjective well-being indices were mixed. Our results also show that GECP effects on objective and subjective well-being significantly differ from households with large rangeland to those with small rangeland. We further discussed the experience, challenges, and opportunities of GECP. The long-term sustainability of GECP, particularly socioeconomic sustainability, still remains challenging and relies on guiding pastoralists to find alternative livelihoods. For future research and policy improvement, we call for the establishment of a better policy compensation mechanism that jointly considers the ecological effectiveness, economic efficiency, and social equity.
Optimal placement and sizing of custom power devices using APSO and JAYA optimization in radial distribution network
Authors: Munnu Mandeep Kumar , Choudhary Jayanti 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
With the recent advancement in the field of power electronics devices and an increasing number of nonlinear loads in the power system, the maintenance of good power quality at the consumers’ end is one of the major concerns of today’s power distribution systems. The introduction of a large number of power electronics devices in the system introduces power quality issues like voltage flicker, voltage distortions, harmonic distortions, voltage sag-swell, etc. Due to this, the maintenance of good power quality at the consumer end becomes a major challenge for distribution companies. The Custom power devices (CPD) have been used in the power system to address these issues and improve power quality. However, optimal placement and sizing of CPD is a challenge itself. In this paper, the optimal location and rating of CPD (STATCOM and APLC) have been determined using the APSO and JAYA optimization techniques,both of these techniques are known for their robustness. The main objective of the paper is to minimize the total harmonic distortion, total CPD size, harmonic transmission line loss, telephone influence factor, and motor load loss. Further, the performances of allocated CPD in controlling the voltage quality and reactive power are evaluated. The performanced from the APSO and JAYA algorithm on an IEEE-16 bus and 69 bus distribution system has been compared to each other.
Bioinspired smooth neuromorphic control for robotic arms
Authors: Polykretis Ioannis , Supic Lazar , Danielescu Andreea 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Beyond providing accurate movements, achieving smooth motion trajectories is a long-standing goal of robotics control theory for arms aiming to replicate natural human movements. Drawing inspiration from biological agents, whose reaching control networks effortlessly give rise to smooth and precise movements, can simplify these control objectives for robot arms. Neuromorphic processors, which mimic the brain’s computational principles, are an ideal platform to approximate the accuracy and smoothness of biological controllers while maximizing their energy efficiency and robustness. However, the incompatibility of conventional control methods with neuromorphic hardware limits the computational efficiency and explainability of their existing adaptations. In contrast, the neuronal subnetworks underlying smooth and accurate reaching movements are effective, minimal, and inherently compatible with neuromorphic hardware. In this work, we emulate these networks with a biologically realistic spiking neural network for motor control on neuromorphic hardware. The proposed controller incorporates experimentally-identified short-term synaptic plasticity and specialized neurons that regulate sensory feedback gain to provide smooth and accurate joint control across a wide motion range. Concurrently, it preserves the minimal complexity of its biological counterpart and is directly deployable on Intel’s neuromorphic processor. Using the joint controller as a building block and inspired by joint coordination in human arms, we scaled up this approach to control real-world robot arms. The trajectories and smooth, bell-shaped velocity profiles of the resulting motions resembled those of humans, verifying the biological relevance of the controller. Notably, the method achieved state-of-the-art control performance while decreasing the motion jerk by 19% to improve motion smoothness. Overall, this work suggests that control solutions inspired by experimentally identified neuronal architectures can provide effective, neuromorphic-controlled robots.
The Evaluation of Worker Exposure to Airborne Silica Dust During Five OSHA Table I Construction Tasks
Authors: Cothern Emily J , Brazile William J , Autenrieth Daniel A 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Fifty-one (51) personal silica air samples were collected over 13 days on 19 construction employees while they performed five different construction tasks found in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) respirable crystalline silica standard for construction, Table 1, which specifies engineering, work practice, and respiratory protection controls that employers can use in lieu of exposure monitoring to adhere to the standard. The average construction task time was 127 min (range: 18–240 min) with a mean respirable silica concentration of 85 μg m−3 (standard deviation [SD] = 176.2) for all 51 measured exposures. At least one OSHA-specified silica dust control measure was used during all 51 samples collected. The mean silica concentrations for the five tasks were: core drilling 11.2 μg m−3 (SD = 5.31 μg m−3), cutting with a walk-behind saw 126 μg m−3 (SD = 115 μg m−3), dowel drilling 99.9 μg m−3 (SD = 58.7 μg m−3), grinding 172 μg m−3 (SD = 145 μg m−3), and jackhammering 23.2 μg m−3 (SD = 5.19 μg m−3). Twenty four of 51 (47.1%) workers were exposed above the OSHA Action Level (AL) of 25 μg m−3 and 15 of 51 (29.4%) were exposed above the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 50 μg m−3 when exposures were extrapolated to an 8-h shift. When silica exposures were extrapolated to 4 h, 15 of 51 (29.4%) of workers sampled were exposed over the OSHA AL and 8 of 51 (15.7%) were exposed over the OSHA PEL. A total of 15 area airborne respirable crystalline silica samples were collected on days where the personal task-based silica samples were taken, with an average sampling time of 187 min. Of the 15 area respirable crystalline silica samples, only four were greater than the laboratory reporting limit of 5 μg m−3. The four area silica samples with reportable concentrations revealed background silica concentrations of 23 μg m−3, 5 μg m−3, 40 μg m−3, and 100 μg m−3. Odds ratios were used to analyze the apparent association between dichotomous background construction site exposures to respirable crystalline silica (detectable or not detectable), and personal exposure category (over or not over the OSHA AL and PEL) when exposure times were extrapolated to 8 h. The associations were strongly positive and significant between detectable background exposures and personal overexposures for workers conducting the five Table 1 tasks with engineering controls in place. The results of this study suggest that exposure to hazardous levels of respirable crystalline silica may be present even when OSHA-specified engineering controls are implemented. The current study findings also suggest that background construction site silica concentrations may potentially cause task-based overexposures, even when the OSHA Table 1 control methods have been put in place.
A comprehensive review of bioinformatics tools for chromatin loop calling
Authors: Liu Li , Han Kaiyuan , Sun Huimin , Han Lu , Gao Dong , Xi Qilemuge , Zhang Lirong , Lin Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrecisely calling chromatin loops has profound implications for further analysis of gene regulation and disease mechanisms. Technological advances in chromatin conformation capture (3C) assays make it possible to identify chromatin loops in the genome. However, a variety of experimental protocols have resulted in different levels of biases, which require distinct methods to call true loops from the background. Although many bioinformatics tools have been developed to address this problem, there is still a lack of special introduction to loop-calling algorithms. This review provides an overview of the loop-calling tools for various 3C-based techniques. We first discuss the background biases produced by different experimental techniques and the denoising algorithms. Then, the completeness and priority of each tool are categorized and summarized according to the data source of application. The summary of these works can help researchers select the most appropriate method to call loops and further perform downstream analysis. In addition, this survey is also useful for bioinformatics scientists aiming to develop new loop-calling algorithms.
ProFeatMap: a highly customizable tool for 2D feature representation of protein sets
Authors: Bich Goran , Monsellier Elodie , Travé Gilles , Nominé Yves 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Studies of sets of proteins are a central point in biology. In particular, the application of omics in the last decades has generated lists of several hundreds or thousands of proteins or genes. However, these lists are often not inspected globally, possibly due to the lack of tools capable of simultaneously visualizing the feature architectures of a large number of proteins.

Results
Here, we present ProFeatMap, an intuitive Python-based website. For a given set of proteins, it allows to display features such as domains, repeats, disorder or post-translational modifications and their organization along the sequences, into a highly customizable 2D map. Starting from a user-defined protein list of UniProt accession codes, ProFeatMap extracts the most important annotated features available for each protein from one of the well-established databases such as Uniprot or InterPro, allocates shapes and colors, potentially depending on quantitative or qualitative data and sorts the protein list based on homologous feature content. The resulting publication-quality map allows even large protein families to be explored, and to classify them based on shared features. It can help to gain insights, for example, feature redundancy or feature pattern, that were previously overlooked. ProFeatMap is freely available on the web at: https://profeatmap.pythonanywhere.com/.

Availability and implementation
Source code is freely accessible at https://github.com/profeatmap/ProFeatMap under the GPL license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
TopEnzyme: a framework and database for structural coverage of the functional enzyme space
Authors: van der Weg Karel J , Gohlke Holger 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMotivationTopEnzyme is a database of structural enzyme models created with TopModel and is linked to the SWISS-MODEL repository and AlphaFold Protein Structure Database to provide an overview of structural coverage of the functional enzyme space for over 200 000 enzyme models. It allows the user to quickly obtain representative structural models for 60% of all known enzyme functions.ResultsWe assessed the models with TopScore and contributed 9039 good-quality and 1297 high-quality structures. Furthermore, we compared these models to AlphaFold2 models with TopScore and found that the TopScore differs only by 0.04 on average in favor of AlphaFold2. We tested TopModel and AlphaFold2 for targets not seen in the respective training databases and found that both methods create qualitatively similar structures. When no experimental structures are available, this database will facilitate quick access to structural models across the currently most extensive structural coverage of the functional enzyme space within Swiss-Prot.Availability and implementationWe provide a full web interface to the database at https://cpclab.uni-duesseldorf.de/topenzyme/.
A Bayesian approach to estimating COVID-19 incidence and infection fatality rates
Authors: Slater Justin J , Bansal Aiyush , Campbell Harlan , Rosenthal Jeffrey S , Gustafson Paul , Brown Patrick E 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Naive estimates of incidence and infection fatality rates (IFR) of coronavirus disease 2019 suffer from a variety of biases, many of which relate to preferential testing. This has motivated epidemiologists from around the globe to conduct serosurveys that measure the immunity of individuals by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the blood. These quantitative measures (titer values) are then used as a proxy for previous or current infection. However, statistical methods that use this data to its full potential have yet to be developed. Previous researchers have discretized these continuous values, discarding potentially useful information. In this article, we demonstrate how multivariate mixture models can be used in combination with post-stratification to estimate cumulative incidence and IFR in an approximate Bayesian framework without discretization. In doing so, we account for uncertainty from both the estimated number of infections and incomplete deaths data to provide estimates of IFR. This method is demonstrated using data from the Action to Beat Coronavirus erosurvey in Canada.
A new approach to digitized cognitive monitoring: validity of the SelfCog in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Lunven Marine , Hernandez Dominguez Karen , Youssov Katia , Hamet Bagnou Jennifer , Fliss Rafika , Vandendriessche Henri , Bapst Blanche , Morgado Graça , Remy Philippe , Schubert Robin , Reilmann Ralf , Busse Monica , Craufurd David , Massart Renaud , Rosser Anne , Bachoud-Lévi Anne-Catherine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCognitive deficits represent a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, but evaluating their progression is complex. Most current evaluations involve lengthy paper-and-pencil tasks which are subject to learning effects dependent on the mode of response (motor or verbal), the countries’ language or the examiners. To address these limitations, we hypothesized that applying neuroscience principles may offer a fruitful alternative. We thus developed the SelfCog, a digitized battery that tests motor, executive, visuospatial, language and memory functions in 15 min. All cognitive functions are tested according to the same paradigm, and a randomization algorithm provides a new test at each assessment with a constant level of difficulty.Here, we assessed its validity, reliability and sensitivity to detect decline in early-stage Huntington’s disease in a prospective and international multilingual study (France, the UK and Germany). Fifty-one out of 85 participants with Huntington’s disease and 40 of 52 healthy controls included at baseline were followed up for 1 year. Assessments included a comprehensive clinical assessment battery including currently standard cognitive assessments alongside the SelfCog. We estimated associations between each of the clinical assessments and SelfCog using Spearman’s correlation and proneness to retest effects and sensitivity to decline through linear mixed models. Longitudinal effect sizes were estimated for each cognitive score. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics analyses were conducted to assess the consistency between performance on the SelfCog and MRI 3D-T1 and diffusion-weighted imaging in a subgroup that underwent MRI at baseline and after 12 months.The SelfCog detected the decline of patients with Huntington’s disease in a 1-year follow-up period with satisfactory psychometric properties. Huntington’s disease patients are correctly differentiated from controls. The SelfCog showed larger effect sizes than the classical cognitive assessments. Its scores were associated with grey and white matter damage at baseline and over 1 year. Given its good performance in longitudinal analyses of the Huntington’s disease cohort, it should likely become a very useful tool for measuring cognition in Huntington’s disease in the future. It highlights the value of moving the field along the neuroscience principles and eventually applying them to the evaluation of all neurodegenerative diseases.
Reduced likelihood of the Poggendorff illusion in cerebellar strokes: a clinical and neuroimaging study
Authors: Higashiyama Yuichi , Kuroki Miho , Kudo Yosuke , Hamada Tomoya , Morihara Keisuke , Saito Asami , Miyaji Yosuke , Kimura Katsuo , Joki Hideto , Kishida Hitaru , Doi Hiroshi , Ueda Naohisa , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Johkura Ken , Tanaka Fumiaki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to test our hypothesis that the cerebellum plays an important role in the generation of the optical-geometric illusion known as the Poggendorff illusion, the mechanism of which has been explained by accumulated experience with natural scene geometry. A total of 79 participants, comprising 28 patients with isolated cerebellar stroke, 27 patients with isolated cerebral stroke and 24 healthy controls, performed Poggendorff illusion tasks and 2 different control tasks. We also investigated core brain regions underpinning changes in the experience of the illusion effect using multivariate lesion-symptom mapping. Our results indicate that patients with isolated cerebellar stroke were significantly less likely to experience the Poggendorff illusion effect than patients with isolated cerebral stroke or healthy controls (74.6, 90.5 and 89.8%, respectively; F(2,76) = 6.675, P = 0.002). However, there were no inter-group differences in the control tasks. Lesion-symptom mapping analysis revealed that the brain lesions associated with the reduced frequency of the Poggendorff illusion effect were mainly centred on the right posteromedial cerebellar region, including the right lobules VI, VII, VIII, IX and Crus II. Our findings demonstrated, for the first time, that patients with cerebellar damage were significantly less likely to experience the Poggendorff illusion effect and that right posteromedial cerebellar lesions played an important role in this effect. These results provide new insight into alterations of a geometric illusion effect in patients with cerebellar disorders and pave the way for future clinical use of the illusion task to detect cerebellar abnormalities.