bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Mechanisms of the Acceptable Noise Level
Authors: Miller Sharon E. , Anderson Chelsea , Montou Olivia , Lam Boji P. W. , Schafer Erin 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
The present brain–behavior study examined whether sensory registration or neural inhibition processes explained variability in the behavioral most comfortable level (MCL) and background noise level (BNL) components of the acceptable noise level (ANL) measure.

Method:
A traditional auditory gating paradigm was used to evoke neural responses to pairs of pure-tone stimuli in 32 adult listeners with normal hearing. Relationships between behavioral ANL, MCL, and BNL components and cortical responses to each of the paired stimuli were analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression analyses.

Results:
Neural responses elicited by Stimulus 2 in the gating paradigm significantly predicted the computed ANL response. The MCL component was significantly associated with responses elicited by Stimulus 1 of the pair. The BNL component of the ANL was significantly associated with neural responses to both Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2.

Conclusions:
The results suggest neural processes related to neural inhibition support the ANL and BNL component while neural stimulus registration properties are associated with the MCL a listener chooses. These findings suggest that differential neural mechanisms underlie the separate MCL and BNL components of the ANL response.
A novel cyber‐attack modelling and detection in overcurrent protection relays based on wavelet signature analysis
Authors: Yousefi kia Mohammad , Saniei Mohsen , Seifossadat Seyyed Ghodratollah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCyber attacks can disrupt the digital protection relays and change their output command to the circuit breaker. The aim of this research is to provide new condition monitoring for overcurrent relays during cyber treatments. This research is modeled three common types of attacks with randomize concept and its detection method via MATLAB/SIMULINK software into IEEE 3‐machine 9‐bus model that is applicable in real time situation. Finally a new index has been defined for detection that employs wavelet analysis of the substation currents and its energy which has been called cyber attack detection index (CADI). Proposed index is robust to variation of sampling signal, sampling rate, cyber attack type and current transformer saturation. The results show that the index has an acceptable performance with accuracy of 100% without any false trigger. This method is not dependent on operating point, relay protection scheme and attack type and also could distinguish the abnormal actions of breakers due to unexpected cyber contingencies caused by natural disasters or software malfunctions rather than cyber attacks in a certain operating points. The level of CADI curve in cyber attacks is always higher than symmetrical fault and current signal detects them more quickly and clearly than other signals.
Dynamic open set specific emitter identification via multi‐channel reconstructive discriminant network
Authors: Tan Kaiwen , Yan Wenjun , Zhang Limin , Zhang Yuyuan , Yu Keyuan , Zhang Tingting 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpecific emitter identification (SEI) is an emerging device authentication technology, which depends on the inherent hardware characteristics of wireless devices. By analysing the received signal, the hardware characteristics of a specific emitter can be extracted at the receiver and used for device authentication and association. Most of the existing SEI schemes focus on the identification under closed sets. In view of the explosive growth of the number of IoT devices, based on generative adversarial networks, this study proposes a method that considers the identification of unknown emitters. The reconstruction network to reconstruct the signals of the known class and fully train the feature space of the signals of the known class is designed. In the discriminator, two channels are specifically designed to perform anomaly detection for unknown signals and end‐to‐end closed‐set classification for known signals. In order to better reject unknown signals and accept known signals, Receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index are used to determine the optimal threshold for anomaly detection. Under the given optimal threshold conditions, the identified threshold points have larger True Positive Rate. In addition, the time‐frequency feature combination vector is designed to reveal the essential characteristics of emitters. The experimental results on the real‐world datasets collected from universal software radio peripherals in short‐range communication scenario show that compared with the existing open‐set recognition methods such as C2AE, Openmax and SoftMax, the average recognition accuracy of the proposed framework improved by 0.08, 0.15, and 0.2 respectively, and the Marco‐F1 score improved by 0.05, 0.1, and 0.16, respectively, which proves the superiority of the proposed framework. In addition to identifying unknown and known Universal software radio peripherals in this article, some potential and widespread applications of the proposed framework include access user security authentication in IoT, such as Hack RF and Blue tooth devices. In addition, as a relatively general signal processing framework, the model can be used for air safety management and maritime ship identity authentication in civil aspects. In the military aspect, it can be used in electronic support and various signal reconnaissance scenarios, such as automatic signal modulation recognition in open set scenarios, individual identity determination of radar emitter and unknown working state identification of transmitters, which proves reference for subsequent research on open‐set signal recognition.
Glancing through the debris disk: Photometric analysis of DE Boo with CHEOPS
Authors: Boldog Á. , Szabó Gy. M. , Kriskovics L. , Brandeker A. , Kiefer F. , Bekkelien A. , Guterman P. , Olofsson G. , Simon A. E. , Gandolfi D. , Serrano L. M. , Wilson T. G. , Sousa S. G. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Alibert Y. , Alonso R. , Anglada G. , Bandy T. , Bárczy T. , Barrado D. , Barros S. C. C. , Baumjohann W. , Beck M. , Beck T. , Benz W. , Billot N. , Bonfils X. , Broeg C. , Buder M. , Cabrera J. , Charnoz S. , Collier Cameron A. , Corral van Damme C. , Csizmadia Sz. , Davies M. B. , Deline A. , Deleuil M. , Delrez L. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Demory B.-O. , Ehrenreich D. , Erikson A. , Farinato J. , Fortier A. , Fossati L. , Fridlund M. , Gillon M. , Güdel M. , Heng K. , Hoyer S. , Isaak K. G. , Kiss L. L. , Laskar J. , Lendl M. , Lovis C. , Magrin D. , Maxted P. F. L. , Mecina M. , Nascimbeni V. , Ottensamer R. , Pagano I. , Pallé E. , Peter G. , Piotto G. , Pollacco D. , Queloz D. , Ragazzoni R. , Rando N. , Rauer H. , Ribas I. , Santos N. C. , Scandariato G. , Ségransan D. , Smith A. M. S. , Steller M. , Thomas N. , Udry S. , Van Grootel V. , Walton N. A. 
Published: February 2023

Aims. DE Boo is a unique system, with an edge-on view through the debris disk around the star. The disk, which is analogous to the Kuiper belt in the Solar System, was reported to extend from 74 to 84 AU from the central star. The high photometric precision of the Characterising Exoplanet Satellite (CHEOPS) provided an exceptional opportunity to observe small variations in the light curve due to transiting material in the disk. This is a unique chance to investigate processes in the debris disk.
Methods. Photometric observations of DE Boo of a total of four days were carried out with CHEOPS. Photometric variations due to spots on the stellar surface were subtracted from the light curves by applying a two-spot model and a fourth-order polynomial. The photometric observations were accompanied by spectroscopic measurements with the 1m RCC telescope at Piszkésteto and with the SOPHIE spectrograph in order to refine the astrophysical parameters of DE Boo.
Results. We present a detailed analysis of the photometric observation of DE Boo. We report the presence of nonperiodic transient features in the residual light curves with a transit duration of 0.3–0.8 days. We calculated the maximum distance of the material responsible for these variations to be 2.47 AU from the central star, much closer than most of the mass of the debris disk. Furthermore, we report the first observation of flaring events in this system.
Conclusions. We interpreted the transient features as the result of scattering in an inner debris disk around DE Boo. The processes responsible for these variations were investigated in the context of interactions between planetesimals in the system.
Efficacy of HIV and AIDS education programs in the Elmina fishing community in Ghana
Authors: Kyei-Gyamfi Sylvester 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOne of the most important steps in HIV prevention is the provision of education to raise awareness to ensure individuals have a sufficient understanding of HIV and AIDS and encourage them to apply that knowledge. The study is based on an earlier descriptive cross-sectional study that sought a link between fishers’ mobility and their risk of HIV exposure in the Elmina fishing community in Ghana. The current paper focuses on initiatives taken within the study area to inform fishers about HIV and AIDS. Additionally, it analyzes the successes and challenges of these programs and offers suggestions for improvement. Public and community durbars, town hall meetings, radio and television transmission, film creation, and the distribution of IE&C materials are the main strategies utilized to carry out HIV and AIDS education. The results suggest that few fishers in the study area take part in programs, whiles projects on HIV and AIDS cannot be implemented consistently and effectively due to a lack of funding and delays in the delivery of government funds. To enable organizations whose mandates, relate to HIV and AIDS interventions to carry out the programs timely and fully, it is advised that government enhances its financing and ensures the timely and full release of program funds.
Effect of quenching rate on the structural and hard magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B melt-spun ribbons
Authors: Singh Sudeep , Diraviam Arvindha Babu , Sarkar Rajdeep , Haldar Arabinda , Muthuvel Manivel Raja 
Published: February 2023

The phase structure, microstructure, magnetic and thermomagnetic properties of nanostructured Nd–Fe–B melt-spun ribbons were investigated. The melt-spun ribbons have been prepared at different wheel speeds varying from 17 to 25 m/s. The hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase with (00l) texture, indicating preferred crystallographic orientation, was observed in all the ribbons with some α-Fe(Co) as the minor phase. Nd2Fe14B grains are uniformly distributed with grain sizes ranging from 50 to 150 nm. A decrease in the average grain size of Nd2Fe14B and fading away of texture formation in the ribbons were found with the increase in the wheel speeds. The best combination of magnetic properties with a coercivity of 14.5 kOe, the saturation magnetization of 132 emu/g, and the energy product of 16 MGOe was achieved at 23 m/s and these ribbons are suitable for the fabrication of hot deformation Nd–Fe–B magnets.
Structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric characterization of NiMnSn microwires prepared by Taylor-Ulitovsky technique
Authors: Arreguín-Hernández M. L. , Varga M. , Hennel M. , Dzubinska A. , Ryba T. , Reiffers M. , Diko P. , Llamazares J. L. Sánchez , Varga R. 
Published: February 2023

We report the structural, magnetic, and magnetocaloric characterization of glass-coated Ni42.9Mn37.1Sn20.0 microwires produced by the Taylor-Ulitovsky method. Microwire samples crystallized into a single-phase austenite with the L21-type crystal structure (space group Fm3̄m, lattice parameter a ≈ 6.02 Å) and a Curie temperature of 349 K. A distinctive feature of the produced microwires is that saturation magnetization is reached at a very low magnetic field (∼0.15 T). For a magnetic field change of 3 T, the produced microwires showed a reversible maximum magnetic entropy change |ΔSM|max of 2.3 J kg−1 K−1 and a refrigerant capacity of 197 J kg−1, which are similar to the values reported by other austenitic NiMnSn alloys produced by rapid quenching techniques.
CRISPR metabolic screen identifies ATM and KEAP1 as targetable genetic vulnerabilities in solid tumors
Authors: Li Haojian , Liu Yue , Xiao Yunjie , Wilson Crystal N. , Bai Hui Jen , Jones Maxwell D. , Wang Shihchun , DeVore Jennie E. , Maier Esther Y. , Durant Stephen T. , Boufraqech Myriem , Weyemi Urbain 
Published: February 2023

Cancer treatments targeting DNA repair deficiencies often encounter drug resistance, possibly due to alternative metabolic pathways that counteract the most damaging effects. To identify such alternative pathways, we screened for metabolic pathways exhibiting synthetic lethality with inhibition of the DNA damage response kinase Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) using a metabolism-centered Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 library. Our data revealed Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) as a key factor involved in desensitizing cancer cells to ATM inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. Cells depleted of KEAP1 exhibited an aberrant overexpression of the cystine transporter SLC7A11, robustly accumulated cystine inducing disulfide stress, and became hypersensitive to ATM inhibition. These hallmarks were reversed in a reducing cellular environment indicating that disulfide stress was a crucial factor. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer datasets, we found that ATM levels negatively correlated with KEAP1 levels across multiple solid malignancies. Together, our results unveil ATM and KEAP1 as new targetable vulnerabilities in solid tumors.
Inducible disruption of
Tet
genes results in myeloid malignancy, readthrough transcription, and a heterochromatin-to-euchromatin switch
Authors: Yuita Hiroshi , López-Moyado Isaac F. , Jeong Hyeongmin , Cheng Arthur Xiuyuan , Scott-Browne James , An Jungeun , Nakayama Toshinori , Onodera Atsushi , Ko Myunggon , Rao Anjana 
Published: February 2023

The three mammalian TET dioxygenases oxidize the methyl group of 5-methylcytosine in DNA, and the oxidized methylcytosines are essential intermediates in all known pathways of DNA demethylation. To define the in vivo consequences of complete TET deficiency, we inducibly deleted all three
Tet
genes in the mouse genome.
Tet1/2/3-inducible TKO
(
iTKO
) mice succumbed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by 4 to 5 wk. Single-cell RNA sequencing of
Tet iTKO
bone marrow cells revealed the appearance of new myeloid cell populations characterized by a striking increase in expression of all members of the
stefin/cystatin
gene cluster on mouse chromosome 16. In patients with AML, high
stefin/cystatin
gene expression correlates with poor clinical outcomes. Increased expression of the clustered
stefin/cystatin
genes was associated with a heterochromatin-to-euchromatin compartment switch with readthrough transcription downstream of the clustered
stefin/cystatin
genes as well as other highly expressed genes, but only minor changes in DNA methylation. Our data highlight roles for TET enzymes that are distinct from their established function in DNA demethylation and instead involve increased transcriptional readthrough and changes in three-dimensional genome organization.
Adverbial clauses and their variation
Authors: Jędrzejowski Łukasz , Fleczoreck Constanze 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this introduction chapter, we depict the variation of adverbial clauses focusing on causal clauses in German. We briefly overview the most important findings both from a synchronic and diachronic point of view, and embed them into a more general discussion on adverbial clause-linkage.
On the divergent developments of two German causal subjunctions
Authors: Eberhardt Ira , Axel-Tober Katrin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the development of two German causal subjunctions weil and zumal. In particular, it introduces a new proposal for the syntactic reanalysis of weil in the C0-position from a free relative clause. Later, weil-clauses also underwent a shift in meaning in the course of which weil developed from a temporal into a causal subjunction. The development of temporal into causal meaning is widely-attested cross-linguistically. This chapter argues that in the case of German, the actuation of this general path was probably enabled by prior extensions of the temporal meaning, which had made the subjunction into a universal subjunction of simultaneity relations. The subjunction zumal, by contrast, developed from the combination zumal weil ‘especially since’ after zumal had been reanalyzed in the C0-position. The reanalysis only concerned the internal syntax of the clause. Its external syntax and the meaning remained stable and corresponded to zumal weil-clauses. Based on these findings, it will be argued more generally that the development of new elements in the C0-position takes place through the fusion of the properties of the new and the old C0-elements. After the reanalysis, the new C0-element has the subordinating force of the old C0-element as well as the semantic content of the new and the old C0-element.
Factors for the integration of causal clauses in the history of German
Authors: Speyer Augustin , Voigtmann Sophia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The variation between integrated (verb-final) and independent (verb-second) causal clauses in German could depend on the amount of information conveyed in that clause. A lower amount might lead to integration, a higher amount to independence, as processing constraints might forbid integration of highly informative clauses. We use two ways to measure information amount: 1. the average ratio of given referents within the clause, 2. the cumulative surprisal of all words in the clause. Focusing on historical stages of German, a significant correlation between amount of information and integration was visible, regardless which method was used.
Second order symmetry operators for the massive Dirac equation
Authors: Jacobsson Simon , Bäckdahl Thomas 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Employing the covariant language of two-spinors, we find what conditions a curved four-dimensional Lorentzian spacetime must satisfy for existence of a second order symmetry operator for the massive Dirac equation. The conditions are formulated as existence of a set of Killing spinors satisfying a set of covariant linear differential equations. Using these Killing spinors, we then state the most general form of such an operator. Partial results for the zeroth and first order are presented and interpreted as well. Computer algebra tools from the Mathematica package suite xAct were used for the calculations.
Exponential moments for disk counting statistics of random normal matrices in the critical regime
Authors: Charlier Christophe , Lenells Jonatan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe obtain largenasymptotics for them-point moment generating function of the disk counting statistics of the Mittag–Leffler ensemble, wherenis the number of points of the process andmis arbitrary but fixed. We focus on the critical regime where all disk boundaries are merging at speedn−12, either in the bulk or at the edge. As corollaries, we obtain two central limit theorems and precise largenasymptotics of all joint cumulants (such as the covariance) of the disk counting function. Our results can also be seen as largenasymptotics forn × ndeterminants with merging planar discontinuities.
A numerical and experimental study on positive diffusive ionization waves in different N2/O2 mixtures: the role of photoionization
Authors: Guo Yulin , Li Yanru , Zhu Yifei , Sun Anbang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A diffusive ionization wave can be generated by an ultrafast high voltage far exceeding the inception threshold, and is featured by its unique and repetitive conical morphology. A combinative experimental and numerical study of the diffusive ionization waves is conducted in this work to investigate the role of photoionization in different N2/O2 mixtures with oxygen concentrations of 20%, 2%, 0.2%, 1 ppm, and pure nitrogen. In all gas mixtures, the ionization wave first forms a spherical shape after its inception then a conical when it approaches the plane electrode. Compared with typical filamentary streamers and inception cloud generated by low overvoltage, photoionization in a diffusive ionization wave takes effects mainly before the formation of the spherical ionization wave, and affects slightly the propagation velocity, discharge morphology, and the width (diameter) of the ionization wave. When the pin-to-plane electrode gap distance is kept 16 mm, in the atmospheric pressure simulation with an 85 kV voltage pulse, the maximum ionization width decreases from 11.4 mm in the 20% mixture to 9.1 mm in pure nitrogen. In the 200 mbar pressure experiment with a 16 kV voltage pulse, the maximum ionization width decreases from 12.5 mm in the 20% mixture to 11.6 mm in pure nitrogen. E in the inception cloud diameter estimation function (D= 2 U
E
−1) is modified to estimate the width of the ionization wave during its spherical propagation stage. It is shown that the estimation results at 180–205 kV cm−1 are in good agreement with the simulation results at atmospheric pressure air.
Experimental study of the effect of dielectric materials on the decomposition of carbon dioxide in a dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Liu Chang-Yu , Wang Hai-Xing , Wang Chao , Meng Xian , Huang He-Ji , Cao Jin-Wen , Sun Su-Rong , Yan Cong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The low-temperature nonequilibrium characteristics of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) make it an important candidate for the decomposition and conversion of CO2. In this study, quartz, alumina and zirconia are selected as the dielectrics to investigate the effect of dielectric materials of planar DBD reactor on the discharge and conversion characteristics of CO2. It is shown that under the same input power conditions, zirconia has the highest CO2 conversion rate when used as a dielectric, followed by alumina, and quartz has the lowest. Combined with the analysis of the measured electrical characteristics, it is shown that zirconia has the highest transferred charge, thus further increasing the discharge efficiency. Experimental results of the single dielectric barrier layer-metal mesh electrode reactor show that the CO2 discharge can operate in the lower power range and the CO2 conversion rate is higher than that of the double dielectric barrier layer reactor. Spectroscopic measurements show that the emission intensity of the discharge in the reactor with high relative permittivity materials is higher than that in the case of low relative permittivity materials, and the emission intensity of the single dielectric layer reactor is also higher than that in the case of the double dielectric layer reactor.