bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endwall heat transfer in wedge channel with teardrop pin fins, circular fins and oblong pin fins
Authors: Venkatesh Goveraiahgari , Meenakshi Reddy Reddygari , Mallikarjuna Rao Pabbisetty 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The turbine inlet air temperatures exhibit a significant degree of elevation, hence leading to potential adverse consequences such as the degradation of blade material integrity. Consequently, the necessity to cool the turbine blades has arisen, leading to the implementation of various cooling systems. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of three different types of pin fins, namely oblong, circular, and teardrop, in a wedge duct. The range of Reynolds number considered for the analysis is between 10,000 and 70,000, whereas the pin fins and endwalls are subjected to a uniform heat flux of 3280 W/m2. The findings suggest that the friction factor associated with teardrop pin fins is 28.4 % lesser than circular pin fins and when compared to oblong pin fins; it is reduced by 34.5 %. The findings suggest that the friction factor associated with teardrop pin fins is 14 % lower compared to oblong and circular pin fins. The TPF improves with Re, and it is 24.5 % higher than oblong pin fin geometry and 39.2 % higher than circular shaped pin fins.
A Versatile Strategy for Genetic Manipulation of Cajal–Retzius Cells in the Adult Mouse Hippocampus
Authors: van Bruggen Rebekah , Patel Zain H. , Wang Mi , Suk Terry R. , Rousseaux Maxime W. C. , Tan Qiumin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCajal–Retzius (CR) cells are transient neurons with long-lasting effects on the architecture and circuitry of the neocortex and hippocampus. Contrary to the prevailing assumption that CR cells completely disappear in rodents shortly after birth, a substantial portion of these cells persist in the hippocampus throughout adulthood. The role of these surviving CR cells in the adult hippocampus is largely unknown, partly because of the paucity of suitable tools to dissect their functions in the adult versus the embryonic brain. Here, we show that genetic crosses of the ΔNp73-Cremouse line, widely used to target CR cells, to reporter mice induce reporter expression not only in CR cells, but also progressively in postnatal dentate gyrus granule neurons. Such a lack of specificity may confound studies of CR cell function in the adult hippocampus. To overcome this, we devise a method that not only leverages the temporary CR cell-targeting specificity of the ΔNp73-Cremice before the first postnatal week, but also capitalizes on the simplicity and effectiveness of freehand neonatal intracerebroventricular injection of adeno-associated virus. We achieve robust Cre-mediated recombination that remains largely restricted to hippocampal CR cells from early postnatal age to adulthood. We further demonstrate the utility of this method to manipulate neuronal activity of CR cells in the adult hippocampus. This versatile and scalable strategy will facilitate experiments of CR cell-specific gene knockdown and/or overexpression, lineage tracing, and neural activity modulation in the postnatal and adult brain.
Anatomical Connectivity of the Intercalated Cells of the Amygdala
Authors: Stern Daniel B. , Wilke Anna , Root Cory M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe intercalated cells of the amygdala (ITCs) are a fundamental processing structure in the amygdala that remain relatively understudied. They are phylogenetically conserved from insectivores through primates, inhibitory, and project to several of the main processing and output stations of the amygdala and basal forebrain. Through these connections, the ITCs are best known for their role in conditioned fear, where they are required for fear extinction learning and recall. Prior work on ITC connectivity is limited, and thus holistic characterization of their afferent and efferent connectivity in a genetically defined manner is incomplete. The ITCs express theFoxP2transcription factor, affording genetic access to these neurons for viral input-output mapping. To fully characterize the anatomic connectivity of the ITCs, we used cre-dependent viral strategies in FoxP2-cre mice to reveal the projections of the main (mITC), caudal (cITC), and lateral (lITC) clusters along with their presynaptic sources of innervation. Broadly, the results confirm many known pathways, reveal previously unknown ones, and demonstrate important novel insights about each nucleus’s unique connectivity profile and relative distributions. We show that the ITCs receive information from a wide range of cortical, subcortical, basal, amygdalar, hippocampal, and thalamic structures, and project broadly to areas of the basal forebrain, hypothalamus, and entire extent of the amygdala. The results provide a comprehensive map of their connectivity and suggest that the ITCs could potentially influence a broad range of behaviors by integrating information from a wide array of sources throughout the brain.
Chronic viral hepatitis B and C in pediatric patients: possibilities of ultrasound techniques for patients’ management
Authors: Demchyshyn Yaroslav , Nezgoda Iryna 
Published: September 2023

Chronic viral hepatitis B and C have already become one of the medical and social problems of modern hepatology and paediatrics due to their high prevalence and ability to transform liver parenchyma and form additional complications. Nowadays, it is important to assess and examine patients by ultrasound techniques to estimate changes in morphometric, hemodynamic, and echoacoustic characteristics of the liver in patients with viral hepatitis B and C.
The aim: to estimate ultrasound morphometric parameters and hemodynamic indexes, morphological deviations of the liver and spleen in pediatric patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C by implementing of the system as Y. Davoudi diagnostic scale (2015) and analysis of echo-acoustic patterns.
Materials and methods. 34 children were examined. 19 children with chronic viral hepatitis B and C formed group I, while 15 almost healthy children formed group II. All examined patients underwent collecting of anamnesis, general clinical examination, determination of the degree of liver fibrosis by non-invasive method (Fibrotest or fibroelastometry) and ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity organs with the possibility of Doppler scanning. Differences at p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results. Obtained data showed that in patients of group, I index of Y. Davoudi grayscale was higher (2,6±0,26 U) compared with patients of group II (1,4±0,32 U) (p<0,01). Systolic blood flow velocities in the portal vein and the splenic vein were decreased in patients of group I (15,59±0,4 cm/s; 15,7±0,8 cm/s) compared with group II (17,68±0,8 cm/s; 17,54±0,42 cm/s) (p<0,05), resistance index in the hepatic artery was increased in patients of group I (0,78±0,02 IU) compared with patients of II group (0,68±0,04 IU) (p<0,05). Histogram indexes of the liver and liver-kidney region were higher in patients of group I (p<0,001).
Сonclusions. Y.Davoudi diagnostic scale, hemodynamics parameters of the portal, splenic and hepatic vessels, echoacoustic patterns and other indexes could be prognostic factors which will indicate liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C. The analysis of the obtained data showed that deviations in morphometric, echoacoustic and Doppler indexes of liver and spleen in paediatric patients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C were more clinically significant compared with almost healthy children and could be taken into account as liver fibrosis predictors
The Perspective of Archival Discoveries in the Study of Karol Wojtyła’s Philosophy
Authors: Petryszak Karol 
Published: September 2023

The aim of this paper is to present archival discoveries made, among others, by the author in the Archives of the Metropolitan Curia in Cracow. The discoveries concern the manuscript of Karol Wojtyła, and are connected to his work on the postdoctoral thesis. This discovery was also presented in the context of its possible influence on the study of Wojtyła’s philosophy, based on Etienne Gilson’s conception of the method of studying the history of philosophy (the necessity of considering the whole of thought in the context of its individual elements, the context of impersonal necessity, etc.).
Brain Plasticity and the Idea of the Functional System
Authors: Kaczmarek Bożydar , Markiewicz Katarzyna 
Published: September 2023

The paper shows that the idea of brain plasticity underpins Luria’s theory of the functional system and his approach to diagnosis and rehabilitation of brain-damaged patients. Although the functional system is frequently quoted in neuropsychological literature its important facets are as a rule overlooked or misunderstood. First of all, the functional system is not only composed of various often quite distant brain structures but it undergoes changes in accord with the arriving circumstances including chances and difficulties encountered by a given person. Accordingly, these alternations may be positive or may be enforced by brain diseases, which results in performing a particular function in different ways.
The notion of neuroplasticity was also incorporated in the works of Luria on development and culture. It should be noted that he stressed the role of social factors in the evolvement of cognitive processes with special emphasis put on social means of which he considered language to play the most important role. Luria argued that the use of these tools results in alternations in the structure and flow of mental functions both in children and in adults. It was exemplified in his experiments with twins and with inhabitants of remote villages in Central Asia. All his ideas have found confirmation in contemporary studies. First, all mental processes depend upon the interconnections between neural clusters of changing patterns depending upon the nature of the task performed and the life experience of an individual. Second, the brain works depend to a considerable degree upon the organism as a whole a well as a social environment, which many authors link with the emergence and functioning of the mind. Third, the approach to diagnosis and remediation techniques that takes into account the feelings and life story of the patient is nowadays accepted not only in dealing with brain-damaged patients but also in the case of other disorders. Also, those traditionally labeled as somatic. In addition, we observe the revival of case studies in the scientific literature.
Savaşların Değişimi Meselesi Çerçevesinde Alman Birliği ve I. Dünya Savaşları
Authors: ÇONA Ömer 
Published: September 2023

Uluslararası İlişkilerde ve teknolojide meydana gelen değişim, savaş kavramının niteliğinde kapsamlı değişiklikler meydana getirmiştir. Bunda tarihteki önemli kırılma noktaları, bilimsel gelişmelere bağlı olarak yeni tekniklerin keşfi ve sistemik düzeydeki dönüşümler etkili olmuş, böylelikle savaşın biçimi, stratejisi ve araçları dönüşüme uğramıştır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, 19.yy’ın ikinci yarısında Avrupa’da yükselişe geçen Prusya’nın, Alman Birliği’ni kurma yolunda yaptığı savaşlar ve 20.yy’ın başında tüm dünyayı etkileyen I. Dünya Savaşı’nı, Sanayi Devrimi’nin yarattığı teknolojik dönüşüm çerçevesinde inceleyerek, bu dönüşümün harbin tabiatı üzerinde nasıl bir değişim meydana getirdiğini analiz etmektir. Bu maksatla çalışmada Prusya’nın, Danimarka, Avusturya ve Fransa ile 1861-1870 yılları arasında Alman Birliği’nin kurulması adına yaptığı savaşlar ile I. Dünya Savaşı’nın, savaşların doğasının değişimine olan etkileri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Çalışmada Prusya’nın Alman Birliği’ne giden yolda yaptığı savaşlar ve müteakip süreçte I. Dünya Savaşı’nın Sanayi Devrimi’nin bir çıktısı olduğu, bu bağlamda da endüstriyel harbin örneklerini yansıttığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bununla birlikte çalışmada, Alman Birliği Savaşları’nın, taktik ve stratejik açıdan I. Dünya Savaşı’nı etkilediği; I. Dünya Savaşı’nda edinilen tecrübelerin ve çıkarılan derslerin ise II. Dünya Savaşı’nın karakteristiğini belirlediği değerlendirilmesinde bulunulmuştur.
Variable clinic-EEG trajectories in male patients with <i>PCDH19</i> clustering epilepsy
Authors: Dmitrenko D. V. , Sharkov A. А. , Domoratskaya E. А. , Usoltseva A. А. , Volkov I. V. , Pyankov D. V. 
Published: September 2023

Background. The association between the protocadherin-19 (PCDH19) gene and epilepsy suggests that the X-linked inherited form of its pathogenic variant affects only women. Recent data has described males with somatic mosaicism, whose clinical picture is similar to the common manifestations in females.Objective: to report on three new cases of PCDH19 clustering epilepsy in male patients.Material and methods. Clinical data were collected from different centers through personal communication between authors, which means that the structured cohort was not tested. For all patients a next generation sequencing-based custom epilepsy gene panel and whole-exome sequencing by NextSeq 500 (Illumina Inc., USA) were performed.Results. All patients had a previously described mosaic variants in PCDH19 gene (NM_001184880.1). According to the electroencefalographic data, all patients had a diffuse slowdown of the background rhythm, interictal regional/multiregional epileptiform activity and ictal focal pattern in the frontotemporal regions. Brain magnetic resonance imaging at the age of 3 years showed delayed myelination without focal abnormalities in 2 patients.Conclusion. Early recognition of the above features should improve early diagnosis and long-term management of patients with epilepsy and PCDH19 mutations.
A New Posthole Seismometer at Concordia Permanent Research Facility in the Heart of the Icy East Antarctic Plateau
Authors: Bès de Berc Maxime , Zigone Dimitri , Danecek Peter , Steyer Alain , Zanolin Francesco , Maggi Alessia , Thoré Jean-Yves , Bernard Armelle , Blumentritt Hervé , Lambotte Sophie , Lévêque Jean-Jacques , Rivera Luis , Alemany Olivier , Possenti Philippe , Vallée Martin , Stutzmann Eléonore , Cavaliere Adriano , Cotte Nathalie , Marino Stefano , Gombert Baptiste , Marie-Sainte Wenceslas , Leroy Nicolas , Pardo Constanza , Pesqueira Frédérick , Broucke Céleste 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In the Southern Hemisphere, the prevalence of oceans and the difficulty of access to land result in reduced coverage of seismological stations, limiting our detailed knowledge of Earth’s structures and of large earthquakes sources. This situation is exacerbated inside the antarctic continent, where only two permanent seismic stations are currently available (IU.QSPA at South Pole and G.CCD). The CCD station, built in early 2000s with state-of-the-art surface instrumentation and located at the French–Italian Concordia base (75° S, 123° E), has been providing seismological data since 2008. However, it suffers from several problems: the vault is deformed by the hydrostatic pressure of the snow, the firn waveguide traps anthropogenic noise from the base causing strong noise below 1 s, and a coupling defect limits the performance above 30 s on the horizontal channels. To ensure the continuity of CCD and to improve its overall performance, we started in 2014 to plan the installation of a borehole seismometer at the site. In this article, we describe in detail this renovation of CCD and some examples of data analysis. The new borehole sensor shows that short-period disturbances are largely attenuated (−20 dB at 0.1 s) compared to the surface installation and that the horizontal channels have a lower noise level at long periods (−8 dB at 100 s). Data for all components are below the standard noise model between 0.1 and 0.2 s, which makes this sensor one of the quietest installations in the world for this bandwidth. For periods &gt;600 s we observe atmospheric pressure-related perturbations on the vertical component. Despite this problem, the new CCD borehole station is a success with better-than-expected performances at all periods &lt;600 s. The data produced are now distributed in the world’s data centers as G.CCD.20 and we encourage the scientific community to use the data for all studies requiring seismograms from Antarctica.
Cataract referral pattern among Indian optometrists: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Goswami Sarbojeet , Chakraborty Shreya , Mishra Khushbu , Chaurasiya Ritesh Kumar , Saifi Gulafsha 
Published: September 2023

According to WHO (World Health Organization), cataract is the second leading cause for visual impairment or blindness globally. In the Indian context, Optometrist’s role in identification and appropriate referral of cataracts requiring surgery is of utmost important. The aim of the current study was to investigate the knowledge and cataract referral pattern among Indian optometrists. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 262 optometrists by distribution of a validated, well-structured questionnaire with data on participant demographics and optometric assessment practises, including participant age group and gender, primary clinical practise location, objective patient visual assessment methods, referral criteria for cataract surgery, and factors to be taken into account when deciding where and when to refer patients for cataract surgery was made. The analysis of survey questions with Likert scales was done using ordinal logistic regression. Categorical variables between groups were evaluated using Chi-square test. Statistical Significance was considered if P was less than 0.05. Visual acuity less than 6/18 and glare sensitivity were common benchmarks for cataract referral. A significant proportion of optometrists indicated driving dependent (55%), current employment (33%), high visual demand (31%) and post-operative vision less than 6/18 in other eye (34%) as important factors for urgent referral for cataract surgery to Ophthalmologists. Majority of the participants indicated surgical costs (53.8%), surgeon skills (56.9%) and caring environment/caring staff (49.2%) as extremely important factors in deciding where to refer for cataract surgery. While optometrists were able to refer patients for cataract surgery based on changes in visual acuity, Indian optometrists should also assess contrast sensitivity and take that into consideration when making this decision.
Anatomical and visual outcomes after vitreoretinal surgery in paediatric retinal detachment
Authors: Meena Chanchal , Nainiwal Sanjeev K , Harsolia Ram Swaroop 
Published: September 2023

Paediatric vitreoretinal surgery (PVRS) has unique set of challenges compared to surgery in adult eyes. An understanding of ocular growth and development is an important consideration in PVRS. Changes in ciliary body dimensions with age may affect how sclerotomies are placed, so as to avoid iatrogenic damage to the peripheral retina.To study the visual and anatomical outcomes after vitreoretinal surgery in paediatric age group after retinal detachment. In this prospective interventional study, 20 consecutive patients aged 18 years or younger undergoing vitreoretinal surgery for retinal detachment were included. A detailed ocular and systemic history was recorded from all patients. Pre and postoperative data were collected. All the evaluated eyes were followed up to 3 months. Outcome of surgery was measured in terms of improvement in visual acuity and retinal status.Twenty eyes of 20 patients were evaluated with male predominance (75%) and mean age of the patient was 16.4±2.01. Most common etiology was found to be trauma (65%) followed by myopia (30%). Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was done in 50% patients, lensectomy with vitrectomy was done in 15%, scleral buckle (SB) surgery was done in 25% cases, where as PPV-SB was done in 10% cases. Improvement in visual acuity was noted in 85% cases. Primary anatomical success was achieved in 80% cases. PPV was the major surgical procedure in our study due to complexity of RD. Postoperative visual rehabilitation was also done to fight amblyopia as far as possible.
Comparative evaluation of nickel titanium rotary instruments on canal transportation and centering ability in curved canals by using cone beam computed tomography: An in vitro study
Authors: Krishnaveni Krishnaveni , Kalla Nikitha , Reddy Nagalakshmi , Udayar Sharvanan 
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to compare canal transportation and centering ability of different nickle titanium systems using Cone beam computed tomography in curved canals. Ninety mandibular molars with angle of curvature ranging from 10°– 40° were randomly allocated into six experimental groups containing 15 teeth in each group. Preinstrumentation scans were taken with CBCT with constant exposure parameters before and after instrumentation. Six grouped specimens were instrumented with Wave One, Twisted File, Hyflex CM, K3XF, ProTaper Next, NeoNiTi file respectively. Post instrumentation the specimens were scanned by CBCT to obtain postoperative images. The amount of root canal transportation and centering ability of the instrument were determined. Statistical analysis on collected data was performed using One way analysis of ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey test (p&#60;0.0.5). K3XF group showed significantly higher transportation values in the apical third (2mm) than TF group (p=0.01) and Hyflex CM group (p=0.03). The coronal transportation values are higher than the apical values but with no significant difference between them (p&#62;0.05). There was no significant difference in centering ratio values between the six groups (p&#62;0.05) at any of the level.: All the file systems can be safely used, showing satisfactory preservation to the original canal shape with preference of TF files.
Oral health status of adults aged 18 years and above residing in Ghaziabad district – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Doliya Kanchan , Gupta Kalash , Sharma Dipanshi , Mehrotra Kartiki , Gupta Ritu , Gupta Bhuvan Deep 
Published: September 2023

Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common oral diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the oral health status of adults aged 18 years and above visiting the various outreach camps in the Ghaziabad District. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 336 participants of Ghaziabad District. Dental caries in form of DMFT and periodontal status was recorded based World Health Organization (WHO) criteria-2013. The Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. In total, 336 respondents completed the survey among which 216 (64.3%) were males and 120 (35.7%) were females. Majority of the study subjects belonged to low socioeconomic background. The prevalence of dental caries was found to be 44.34 % and periodontal disease was 81.8% respectively. Individuals belonging to lower socioeconomic status has significantly higher caries prevalence when compared to upper and middle class individuals. (p ≤ 0.05) Mounting evidence has demonstrated the essential role of oral health in a long and healthy life. The oral health status of the participants indicates low awareness in majority of the population of Ghaziabad District and only a small number of participants made routine dental visits. The findings can aid planning strategies for oral health care among the population.