bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rise and Fall of Alaska and Yukon Glaciers Detected by TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason‐2 Altimeters Using a Novel Glacier‐Threshold Method
Authors: Tao Delong , Cheng Yung‐Shen , Hwang Cheinway , Sun Wenke , Lee Hyongki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRadar altimetry has been used to monitor sea level changes and ice sheet elevation changes for decades. Over mountain glaciers, radar altimetry has limited applications due to contaminated waveforms caused by complex glacier surfaces and steep terrains. In this study, we develop a glacier‐threshold method (GTM) to determine glacier elevation changes in Alaska and Yukon. The GTM retracks waveforms, reduces terrain effect and detects invalid elevation observations from the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) and Jason‐2 (J2) altimeters, resulting in an average usable rate of 35% from original altimeter‐measured heights. The selected measurements are used to construct time series of glacier elevation changes over 1993–2002 (T/P) and 2008–2016 (J2) at 47 sites. A crossover analysis, validation by airborne laser altimetry observations, and comparisons with recent studies confirm the estimated glacier elevation changes. Our findings suggest that the thinning of glaciers in Alaska and Yukon has been ubiquitous in recent years. The site near Walsh Glacier has the highest thinning rate of −5.71 ± 0.09 m/yr, followed by Chitina Glacier at −4.51 ± 0.21 m/yr. Only 17% of sites show glacier thickening due to surges and mass accumulations. Using a sophisticated data processing algorithm like the GTM, we show that altimeter data from the repeat TOPEX‐Jason missions can be used to monitor long‐term glacier elevation changes at inaccessible spots, creating an additional value for altimeter missions originally purposed for monitoring long‐term sea level change.
Personalised circulating tumour DNA assay with large-scale mutation coverage for sensitive minimal residual disease detection in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ryoo Seung-Bum , Heo Sunghoon , Lim Yoojoo , Lee Wookjae , Cho Su Han , Ahn Jongseong , Kang Jun-Kyu , Kim Su Yeon , Kim Hwang-Phill , Bang Duhee , Kang Sung-Bum , Yu Chang Sik , Oh Seong Taek , Park Ji Won , Jeong Seung-Yong , Kim Young-Joon , Park Kyu Joo , Han Sae-Won , Kim Tae-You 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Postoperative minimal residual disease (MRD) detection using circulating-tumour DNA (ctDNA) requires a highly sensitive analysis platform. We have developed a tumour-informed, hybrid-capture ctDNA sequencing MRD assay.

Methods
Personalised target-capture panels for ctDNA detection were designed using individual variants identified in tumour whole-exome sequencing of each patient. MRD status was determined using ultra-high-depth sequencing data of plasma cell-free DNA. The MRD positivity and its association with clinical outcome were analysed in Stage II or III colorectal cancer (CRC).

Results
In 98 CRC patients, personalised panels for ctDNA sequencing were built from tumour data, including a median of 185 variants per patient. In silico simulation showed that increasing the number of target variants increases MRD detection sensitivity in low fractions (<0.01%). At postoperative 3-week, 21.4% of patients were positive for MRD by ctDNA. Postoperative positive MRD was strongly associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) (adjusted hazard ratio 8.40, 95% confidence interval 3.49–20.2). Patients with a negative conversion of MRD after adjuvant therapy showed significantly better DFS (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Tumour-informed, hybrid-capture-based ctDNA assay monitoring a large number of patient-specific mutations is a sensitive strategy for MRD detection to predict recurrence in CRC.
AGER1 deficiency-triggered ferroptosis drives fibrosis progression in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gong Yihui , Liu Zijun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Jun , Zheng Yin , Wu Zhongming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for the rapid progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver fibrosis with an incompletely defined mechanism. Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death that has been identified as a pathogenic mechanism in various diseases. However, the role of ferroptosis in the development of liver fibrosis in NASH with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. Here, we observed the histopathological features of the progression of NASH to liver fibrosis as well as hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a mouse model of NASH with T2DM and high-glucose-cultured steatotic human normal liver (LO2) cells. The distinctive features of ferroptosis, including iron overload, decreased antioxidant capacity, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and elevated lipid peroxidation products, were confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Liver fibrosis and hepatocyte EMT were markedly alleviated after treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1. Furthermore, a decrease in the gene and protein levels of AGE receptor 1 (AGER1) was detected in the transition from NASH to liver fibrosis. Overexpression of AGER1 dramatically reversed hepatocyte EMT in high-glucose-cultured steatotic LO2 cells, whereas the knockdown of AGER1 had the opposite effect. The mechanisms underlying the phenotype appear to be associated with the inhibitory effects of AGER1 on ferroptosis, which is dependent on the regulation of sirtuin 4. Finally, in vivo adeno-associated virus-mediated AGER1 overexpression effectively relieved liver fibrosis in a murine model. Collectively, these findings suggest that ferroptosis participates in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in NASH with T2DM by promoting hepatocyte EMT. AGER1 could reverse hepatocyte EMT to ameliorate liver fibrosis by inhibiting ferroptosis. The results also suggest that AGER1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of liver fibrosis in patients with NASH with T2DM.
Transparent and flexible photocatalytic film comprising organophosphonate-modified polysilsesquioxane-anchored titanium dioxide: hydroxy group ratio and organic substituent on phosphorous atoms
Authors: Kajiyama Miyu , Sato Yohei , Okada Takumi , Motomura Haruka , Ando Shiro , Suzuki Tomonori , Yamamoto Kazuki , Hayami Ryohei , Gunji Takahiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTransparent and flexible photocatalytic films have attracted considerable attention in recent years. We previously prepared a film with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and an anchor layer of phenylphosphonate-modified polysilsesquioxane (PhPPS-low), which had a phosphonate group and a phenyl substituent; this film exhibited transparency and flexibility. In this study, we reported the differences in the hydroxy group ratio on the phosphorous atoms and the presence or absence of phenylene moieties. Three organophosphonate-modified polysilsesquioxanes (APPS-low, APPS-high, and PhPPS-high) were synthesized. All photocatalytic films using APPS-high, APPS-low, and PhPPS-high exhibited photodegradation of methylene blue and photocatalytic bactericidal effects on Escherichia coli, and hydroxyl radical generation was confirmed. In particular, the photocatalytic film with PhPPS-high showed the highest photocatalytic ability.
Direct notification by health professionals of relatives at-risk of genetic conditions (with patient consent): views of the Australian public
Authors: Tiller Jane M. , Stott Ami , Finlay Keri , Boughtwood Tiffany , Madelli Evanthia O. , Horton Ari , Winship Ingrid , Nowak Kristen , Otlowski Margaret 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenetic risk information for medically actionable conditions has relevance for patients’ blood relatives. However, cascade testing uptake in at-risk families is <50%, and the burden of contacting relatives is a significant barrier to dissemination of risk information. Health professionals (HPs) could notify at-risk relatives directly, with patients’ consent. This practice is supported by international literature, including strong public support. However, there is little exploration of the Australian public’s views about this issue. We surveyed Australian adults using a consumer research company. Respondents were provided a hypothetical scenario and asked about views and preferences regarding direct contact by HPs. 1030 members of the public responded, with median age 45 y and 51% female. The majority would want to be told about genetic risk for conditions that can be prevented/treated early (85%) and contacted directly by a HP (68%). Most preferred a letter that included specific information about the genetic condition in the family (67%) and had no privacy concerns about HPs sending a letter using contact details provided by a relative (85%). A minority (< 5%) had significant privacy concerns, mostly about use of personal contact information. Concerns included ensuring information was not shared with third parties. Almost 50% would prefer that a family member contacted them before the letter was sent, while about half did not prefer this or were unsure. The Australian public supports (and prefers) direct notification of relatives at risk of medically actionable genetic conditions. Guidelines would assist with clarifying clinicians’ discretion in this area.
Giant optomechanical spring effect in plasmonic nano- and picocavities probed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Jakob Lukas A. , Deacon William M. , Zhang Yuan , de Nijs Bart , Pavlenko Elena , Hu Shu , Carnegie Cloudy , Neuman Tomas , Esteban Ruben , Aizpurua Javier , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMolecular vibrations couple to visible light only weakly, have small mutual interactions, and hence are often ignored for non-linear optics. Here we show the extreme confinement provided by plasmonic nano- and pico-cavities can sufficiently enhance optomechanical coupling so that intense laser illumination drastically softens the molecular bonds. This optomechanical pumping regime produces strong distortions of the Raman vibrational spectrum related to giant vibrational frequency shifts from an optical spring effect which is hundred-fold larger than in traditional cavities. The theoretical simulations accounting for the multimodal nanocavity response and near-field-induced collective phonon interactions are consistent with the experimentally-observed non-linear behavior exhibited in the Raman spectra of nanoparticle-on-mirror constructs illuminated by ultrafast laser pulses. Further, we show indications that plasmonic picocavities allow us to access the optical spring effect in single molecules with continuous illumination. Driving the collective phonon in the nanocavity paves the way to control reversible bond softening, as well as irreversible chemistry.
Evaluation of therapeutic PD-1 antibodies by an advanced single-molecule imaging system detecting human PD-1 microclusters
Authors: Nishi Wataru , Wakamatsu Ei , Machiyama Hiroaki , Matsushima Ryohei , Saito Kensho , Yoshida Yosuke , Nishikawa Tetsushi , Takehara Tomohiro , Toyota Hiroko , Furuhata Masae , Nishijima Hitoshi , Takeuchi Arata , Azuma Miyuki , Suzuki Makoto , Yokosuka Tadashi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith recent advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immunotherapy has become the standard treatment for various malignant tumors. Their indications and dosages have been determined empirically, taking individually conducted clinical trials into consideration, but without a standard method to evaluate them. Here we establish an advanced imaging system to visualize human PD-1 microclusters, in which a minimal T cell receptor (TCR) signaling unit co-localizes with the inhibitory co-receptor PD-1 in vitro. In these microclusters PD-1 dephosphorylates both the TCR/CD3 complex and its downstream signaling molecules via the recruitment of a phosphatase, SHP2, upon stimulation with the ligand hPD-L1. In this system, blocking antibodies for hPD-1-hPD-L1 binding inhibits hPD-1 microcluster formation, and each therapeutic antibody (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab and atezolizumab) is characterized by a proprietary optimal concentration and combinatorial efficiency enhancement. We propose that our imaging system could digitally evaluate PD-1-mediated T cell suppression to evaluate their clinical usefulness and to develop the most suitable combinations among ICIs or between ICIs and conventional cancer treatments.
Reversibly growing crosslinked polymers with programmable sizes and properties
Authors: Zhou Xiaozhuang , Zheng Yijun , Zhang Haohui , Yang Li , Cui Yubo , Krishnan Baiju P. , Dong Shihua , Aizenberg Michael , Xiong Xinhong , Hu Yuhang , Aizenberg Joanna , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGrowth constitutes a powerful method to post-modulate materials’ structures and functions without compromising their mechanical performance for sustainable use, but the process is irreversible. To address this issue, we here report a growing-degrowing strategy that enables thermosetting materials to either absorb or release components for continuously changing their sizes, shapes, compositions, and a set of properties simultaneously. The strategy is based on the monomer-polymer equilibrium of networks in which supplying or removing small polymerizable components would drive the networks toward expansion or contraction. Using acid-catalyzed equilibration of siloxane as an example, we demonstrate that the size and mechanical properties of the resulting silicone materials can be significantly or finely tuned in both directions of growth and decomposition. The equilibration can be turned off to yield stable products or reactivated again. During the degrowing-growing circle, material structures are selectively varied either uniformly or heterogeneously, by the availability of fillers. Our strategy endows the materials with many appealing capabilities including environment adaptivity, self-healing, and switchability of surface morphologies, shapes, and optical properties. Since monomer-polymer equilibration exists in many polymers, we envision the expansion of the presented strategy to various systems for many applications.
Refractive plasma optics for relativistic laser beams
Authors: Seemann Omri , Wan Yang , Tata Sheroy , Kroupp Eyal , Malka Victor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe high intensities reached today by powerful lasers enable us to explore the interaction with matter in the relativistic regime, unveiling a fertile domain of modern science that is pushing far away the frontiers of plasma physics. In this context, refractive-plasma optics are being utilized in well established wave guiding schemes in laser plasma accelerators. However, their use for spatial phase control of the laser beam has never been successfully implemented, partly due to the complication in manufacturing such optics. We here demonstrate this concept which enables phase manipulation near the focus position, where the intensity is already relativistic. Offering such flexible control, high-intensity high-density interaction is becoming accessible, allowing for example, to produce multiple energetic electron beams with high pointing stability and reproducibility. Cancelling the refractive effect with adaptive mirrors at the far field confirms this concept and furthermore improves the coupling of the laser to the plasma in comparison to the null test case, with potential benefits in dense-target applications.
The monoaminergic system is a bilaterian innovation
Authors: Goulty Matthew , Botton-Amiot Gaelle , Rosato Ezio , Sprecher Simon G. , Feuda Roberto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMonoamines like serotonin, dopamine, and adrenaline/noradrenaline (epinephrine/norepinephrine) act as neuromodulators in the nervous system. They play a role in complex behaviours, cognitive functions such as learning and memory formation, as well as fundamental homeostatic processes such as sleep and feeding. However, the evolutionary origin of the genes required for monoaminergic modulation is uncertain. Using a phylogenomic approach, in this study, we show that most of the genes involved in monoamine production, modulation, and reception originated in the bilaterian stem group. This suggests that the monoaminergic system is a bilaterian novelty and that its evolution may have contributed to the Cambrian diversification.
Eye accommodation-inspired neuro-metasurface focusing
Authors: Lu Huan , Zhao Jiwei , Zheng Bin , Qian Chao , Cai Tong , Li Erping , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe human eye, which relies on a flexible and controllable lens to focus light onto the retina, has inspired many scientific researchers to understand better and imitate the biological vision system. However, real-time environmental adaptability presents an enormous challenge for artificial eye-like focusing systems. Inspired by the mechanism of eye accommodation, we propose a supervised-evolving learning algorithm and design a neuro-metasurface focusing system. Driven by on-site learning, the system exhibits a rapid response to ever-changing incident waves and surrounding environments without any human intervention. Adaptive focusing is achieved in several scenarios with multiple incident wave sources and scattering obstacles. Our work demonstrates the unprecedented potential for real-time, fast, and complex electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation for various purposes, such as achromatic, beam shaping, 6 G communication, and intelligent imaging.
ISG-2: properties of the second International Simple Glass
Authors: Ryan Joseph V. , Smith Nicholas J. , Neeway James J. , Reiser Joelle T. , Parruzot Benjamin , Tietje Steve , Bakowska Elzbieta , Crum Jarrod V. , Schaut Robert A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGiven the importance of glass materials to society, their durability when exposed to aqueous solutions is a critical area for research, particularly for vitrified radioactive wastes. This spurred an international team to fabricate a standardized composition based on waste immobilization glass called the International Simple Glass (ISG), which has been the subject of numerous experimental and computational studies focused on aqueous corrosion resistance.With the original batch of ISG nearly depleted, the international team designed and fabricated a standard glass material, ISG-2, where half the Ca in the original composition was replaced with Mg by mole. This paper presents information on both the ISG-2 composition and a new batch with the same nominal composition as the original ISG, designated ISG-1, including their homogeneity, their physical and thermal properties. The results of static alteration experiments are presented as well to provide a baseline for future aqueous corrosion performance investigations.
A mosquito AgTRIO mRNA vaccine contributes to immunity against malaria
Authors: Chuang Yu-Min , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Abouneameh Selma , Raduwan Hamidah , Ledizet Michel , Weissman Drew , Fikrig Erol 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMalaria begins when an infected mosquito injects saliva containing Plasmodium sporozoites into the skin of a vertebrate host. To prevent malaria, vaccination is the most effective strategy and there is an urgent need for new strategies to enhance current pathogen-based vaccines. Active or passive immunization against a mosquito saliva protein, AgTRIO, contributes to protection against Plasmodium infection of mice. In this study, we generated an AgTRIO mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) and assessed its potential usefulness as a vaccine against malaria. Immunization of mice with an AgTRIO mRNA-LNP generated a robust humoral response, including AgTRIO IgG2a isotype antibodies that have been associated with protection. AgTRIO mRNA-LNP immunized mice exposed to Plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes had markedly reduced initial Plasmodium hepatic infection levels and increased survival compared to control mice. In addition, as the humoral response to AgTRIO waned over 6 months, additional mosquito bites boosted the AgTRIO IgG titers, including IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes, which offers a unique advantage compared to pathogen-based vaccines. These data will aid in the generation of future malaria vaccines that may include both pathogen and vector antigens.
A 100-member ensemble simulations of global historical (1951–2010) wave heights
Authors: Casas-Prat Mercè , Wang Xiaolan L. , Mori Nobuhito , Feng Yang , Chan Rodney , Shimura Tomoya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe d4PDF-WaveHs dataset represents the first single model initial-condition large ensemble of historical significant ocean wave height (Hs) at a global scale. It was produced using an advanced statistical model with predictors derived from Japan’s d4PDF ensemble of historical simulations of sea level pressure. d4PDF-WaveHs provides 100 realizations ofHsfor the period 1951–2010 (hence 6,000 years of data) on a 1° × 1° lat.-long. grid. Technical comparison of model skill against modern reanalysis and other historical wave datasets was undertaken at global and regional scales. d4PDF-WaveHs provides unique data to understand better the poorly known role of internal climate variability in ocean wave climate, which can be used to estimate better trend signals. It also provides a better sampling of extreme events. Overall, this is crucial to properly assess wave-driven impacts, such as extreme sea levels on low-lying populated coastal areas. This dataset may be of interest to a variety of researchers, engineers and stakeholders in the fields of climate science, oceanography, coastal management, offshore engineering, and energy resource development.
Surface electromyogram, kinematic, and kinetic dataset of lower limb walking for movement intent recognition
Authors: Wei Wenhao , Tan Fangning , Zhang Hang , Mao He , Fu Menglong , Samuel Oluwarotimi Williams , Li Guanglin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSurface electromyogram (sEMG) offers a rich set of motor information for decoding limb motion intention that serves as a control input to Intelligent human-machine synergy systems (IHMSS). Despite growing interest in IHMSS, the current publicly available datasets are limited and can hardly meet the growing demands of researchers. This study presents a novel lower limb motion dataset (designated as SIAT-LLMD), comprising sEMG, kinematic, and kinetic data with corresponding labels acquired from 40 healthy humans during 16 movements. The kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a motion capture system and six-dimensional force platforms and processed using OpenSim software. The sEMG data were recorded using nine wireless sensors placed on the subjects’ thigh and calf muscles on the left limb. Besides, SIAT-LLMD provides labels to classify the different movements and different gait phases. Analysis of the dataset verified the synchronization and reproducibility, and codes for effective data processing are provided. The proposed dataset can serve as a new resource for exploring novel algorithms and models for characterizing lower limb movements.