bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building aspiration when working with homeless young people in the UK: A case study
Authors: Dunne Justin 
Published: February 2025

Summary Researchers may identify the active elements that give care programs their efficacy by exploring practice wisdom. In doing so, this case study revealed the importance of developing aspiration as a key component in helping homeless young people to achieve positive outcomes. Qualitative research was conducted with a charity working with homeless young people in residential settings. Fieldwork observations ( n = 11), semistructured interviews ( n = 16) and focus groups ( n = 3), were used to explore the importance building aspiration and how this was operationalized in practice. Taking a grounded theory approach, thematic and axial coding was used in the analysis of data. Findings Findings confirmed that homeless young people often presented with low aspiration and presented insight into how practitioners might address this. Techniques to build aspiration were identified that improve the psychological state of the young person creating a realistic focus. Aspiration was shown to be built through the provision of knowledge, opportunities, and good social support. Applications Practitioners should engage in constructive programs that build skills, confidence, and hope. Clients should focus on future possibilities and with active social support of care providers and the provision of opportunities, knowledge, and practical support to build realistic expectations. Such pro-social activities reduce negative impacts for homeless young people.
Gore Tag Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis in Acute Aortic Syndromes: A Case Series
Authors: Spertino Andrea , Marrocco Simona , Zavatta Marco , Squizzato Francesco , Piazza Michele , Antonello Michele 
Published: February 2025

The GORE TAG Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis (TBE) is a novel CE mark (European Conformity Mark) approved off-the-shelf aortic branched zone 2 device indicated for endovascular repair of the proximal descending thoracic aorta maintaining flow into the left subclavian artery (LSA) with no need for surgical LSA debranching and related risks. This case series describes the use of GORE TAG TBE in 5 consecutive patients urgently treated for acute aortic syndromes at our center between February and May 2024. Two had zone 3 thoracic aorta aneurysms with interscapular pain, and 3 others presented with acute complicated type B aortic dissections—one of which showed signs of impending rupture, and 2 experienced renal malperfusion. The main endograft was deployed on a superstiff guidewire placed in ascending aorta and a through and through guidewire in the LSA. The side branch bridging stent was released over the through and through system with no complications. Operating mean time was 122 minutes. All procedures were uneventful with no cases of neurological and cardiac events. Technical success was achieved in all cases with satisfactory results at 3 months CTA follow-up. Our early experience with the use of GORE TAG TBE has been effective and uneventful even in urgent settings regardless of its novelty in Europe. Clinical impact The GORE TAG Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis (TBE) represents an interesting novelty in the management of thoracic aortic pathologies, particularly in urgent settings where left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage is required. By eliminating the need for additional LSA revascularization procedures, this device aims to reduce procedural complexity, operating time, and the risk of complications associated with traditional methods. Clinicians can achieve effective treatment with a single, off-the-shelf device, improving both patient outcomes and procedural efficiency. This case series highlights the potential of an off-the-shelf single-branched thoracic endograft in urgent settings.
Prognostic Value of G8 Geriatric Screening and Meet-URO Scores in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving First-Line Ipilimumab-Nivolumab Combination Immunotherapy
Authors: Nagpal Ria , Campione Marina , Rebuzzi Sara Elena , Fratino Lucia , Rescigno Pasquale , Bracarda Sergio , Bimbatti Davide , Giorgi Ugo De , Santoni Matteo , Calabrò Fabio , Rizzo Mimma , Signori Alessio , Giannarelli Diana , Fornarini Giuseppe , Basso Umberto , Banna Giuseppe Luigi 
Published: February 2025

Background The prognostic value of the Geriatric 8 (G8) screening score in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients receiving first-line immunotherapy remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of G8 within the context of the Meet-URO classification in mRCC patients treated with first-line ipilimumab-nivolumab. Methods This retrospective multicentre study analysed 106 mRCC patients treated with first-line ipilimumab-nivolumab. G8 and Meet-URO scores were calculated before treatment initiation. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), defined as duration from first administration of Nivolumab to death. OS was analysed in relation to age groups, G8 scores, and Meet-URO score categories, with data censored for patients still alive at the last follow-up. The secondary endpoint, progression-free survival (PFS), was measured from initiating Nivolumab to the earliest instance of disease progression or death. OS and PFS were assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression analyses. The reporting of this study conforms to the REMARK guidelines. Results Patients with G8 > 14 had more favorable IMDC and Meet-URO risk classifications and lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios. While PFS did not differ significantly between G8 ≤ 14 and >14 groups (1-year 29.3% vs 46.2%, p = 0.2), OS was significantly longer in G8 > 14 group (1-year 76.1% vs 58.6%, p = 0.006). In multivariable analysis, G8 ≤ 14 was independently associated with worse OS (HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.06-5.08, p = 0.03) but not PFS. The Meet-URO score was prognostic for both PFS and OS. In patients ≥70 years, G8 lost its prognostic value, while Meet-URO remained prognostic for OS. Conclusions The G8 score is an independent prognostic factor for OS but not PFS in mRCC patients receiving first-line ipilimumab-nivolumab. The Meet-URO score shows consistent prognostic ability for PFS and OS across age groups. These findings suggest that while G8 may be useful for individual patient-level OS prediction, the Meet-URO score may be superior for guiding treatment decisions in clinical practice.
Metabolites and Charcot Foot: A Comprehensive Analysis Through Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Qiong , Liu Peilong , Yang Xinquan , Liang Jingqi , Zhao Hongmou 
Published: February 2025

Background Multiple studies have shown metabolites may have potential effects on Charcot foot. However, the Mendelian randomization method has not yet explored the relationship between metabolites and Charcot foot. Methods We selected genetic variants from the publicly available Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) summary database to represent 1400 metabolites described in recent research. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was carried out to examine the relationships between these metabolites and Charcot foot. Significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data associated with exposure were screened out through association analysis. Valid instrumental variables (IVs) were then selected, excluding SNPs with F-statistic values below 10. The MR analyses primarily employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR), constrained maximum likelihood(cML), contamination mixture(Conmix), robust adjusted profile score(RAPS), and debiased inverse-variance weighted(deIVW) method were used to enhance the results. Colocalization analysis was performed to identify shared causal genetic variants associated with the resulting phenotypes. Sensitivity analyses, including assessments of Cochrane's Q test, egger intercept, and MR PRESSO test were conducted to confirm the robustness of the results. Results After preliminary MR exploration, the IVW results exhibited positive causal relationships between hexadecenedioate (C16:1-DC) levels (OR = 0.698, 95%CI: 0.586 to 0.831, PFDR = 0.040), octadecadienedioate (C18:2-DC) levels (OR = 0.665, 95%CI: 0.552 to 0.800, PFDR = 0.021), octadecanedioylcarnitine (C18-DC) levels (OR = 0.676, 95%CI: 0.553 to 0.827, PFDR = 0.067) and Charcot foot. Colocalization analysis indicated that the above three metabolites share a common causal variant at the same genomic location with Charcot foot. Sixty-four metabolites with suggestive causal relationships with Charcot foot were also identified, among which 25 kinds of metabolites were positively correlated with Charcot foot, and 33 metabolites were negatively associated with Charcot foot. The BWMR, cML, Conmix, RAPS, and deIVW results supported our preliminary MR results. In several results, sensitivity analyses showed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, while the causal relationships obtained through FDR correction did not show any significant heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. No reverse causal association was detected. Conclusion We detected protective and risk metabolites in Charcot foot. Controlling metabolites may decrease Charcot foot risk and serve as a novel therapeutic biomarker for the therapy.
The Effect of Rabdosia rubescens on Radiotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A Phase II Clinical Study
Authors: Li Lu , Huang Yecai , Yin Jun , Xu Peng , Lan Mei , Li Churong , Qi Yunxiang , Xu Ke , Li Bosen , Luo Yukun , Jiang Qinghua , Peng Shanshan , Lang Jinyi , Feng Mei 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis is the most common side effect in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Rabdosia rubescens drop pills in NPC patients with radiation-induced oral mucositis (RTOM). Methods: The study involved 40 NPC patients who were given Rabdosia rubescens drop pills thrice daily from the start of radiation therapy. The study monitored the incidence and severity of oral mucositis and oral pain. The main outcomes measured were the occurrence rate of oral mucositis, grade 3 oral mucositis, oral pain assessment, and changes in immunological function, body weight, BMI, NRS2002, and albumin levels. Results: In the study, 38 patients completed the treatment. The incidence rates of Grade 0 to 3 oral mucositis were 5.26%, 21.05%, 47.37%, and 26.32% respectively. Pain levels were mild (42.11%), moderate (13.16%), and severe (13.16%). The onset of Grade 1, 2, and 3 oral mucositis occurred at 18, 24, and 30 days respectively. Grade 3 oral mucositis was associated with body weight, BMI, NRS2002 score, and albumin levels. Post-treatment, there was a decrease in CD4+/CD8+, CD3+, and CD4+ immune cells, but an increase in CD8+ cells. Mild to moderate gastrointestinal adverse events were observed in 13.2% of patients. Conclusion: Rabdosia rubescens drop pills administration can reduce the incidence and severity of radiotherapy induced oral mucositis. Our finding suggested a positive impact of Rabdosia rubescens drops pills upon administration to NPC patients.
A novel nomogram for predicting postoperative pneumonia risk in patients with localized bronchiectasis
Authors: Yongsheng Cai , Lihui Ke , Xuefeng Hao , Anbang Qiao , Xiaoxiao Yang , Wenhui Chen , Weiqing Li , Zeng Yang , Bo Wei 
Published: February 2025

Background: Pneumonia is one of the most common complications after lung resection. However, there are currently no reports of postoperative pneumonia in patients with bronchiectasis. Objectives: Our study aims to construct a new nomogram to predict the risk of postoperative pneumonia in patients with localized bronchiectasis. Design: The clinical data of patients with localized bronchiectasis from April 2012 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Methods: Independent risk factors were identified through simple linear regression and multiple linear regression analysis, and a new nomogram was constructed based on independent risk factors. The validity of the nomogram was evaluated using the consistency index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration chart, and decision curve analysis chart. Results: The new nomogram prediction model included five independent risk factors: tuberculosis history, smoking history, platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and controlled nutritional status score. The area under the curve of the prediction model is 0.870 (95% CI: 0.750–0.892), showing good discrimination ability, and the probability threshold was set at 0.2013. In addition, the calibration curve shows that the nomogram has good calibration. In the decision curve, the nomogram model showed good clinical net benefit. Conclusion: This study is the first to construct a nomogram prediction model for postoperative pneumonia of localized bronchiectasis, which can more accurately and directly assess the risk probability of postoperative pneumonia, and provide certain help for clinicians in prevention and treatment decisions.
Rising public interest in stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction: an analysis of public perception and a review of the literature
Authors: Hammad Muhammed A. M. , Miller Jake , Sultan Mark I. , Abou Chawareb Elia , Nakamura Hana S. , Martinez Juan R. , Lumbiganon Supanut , Jenkins Lawrence , Barham David W. , Bandaru Dhiresh , Yih Jessica M. , Yafi Faysal A. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The use of alternative treatment modalities for erectile dysfunction (ED) beyond phosphodiesterase inhibitors continues to grow within the practice of Urology. Utilizing U.S. Google trends as a novel epidemiological tool for geographically associating patient search intent, our study aims to capture trends relating to interest in stem cell therapy (SCT) as a potential treatment for ED. Methods: An online search was conducted to identify centers in the United States offering stem cell therapy (SCT) for erectile dysfunction (ED), using specific keywords such as “ED treatment,” “stem cells for ED,” and “sexual health stem cell.” The geographic distribution of these centers was mapped, and their publicly available information was evaluated based on strict inclusion criteria, including direct claims of SCT efficacy for ED and oversight by a licensed urologist. The public interest in SCT treatment was quantified using Google Trends data from July 2018 to July 2023, utilizing search terms related to SCT and comparing them to terms associated with alternative regenerative therapies like platelet-rich plasma and shockwave treatments, to extract the direction and magnitude of national interest over the preceding 5 years. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were then searched from inception to May 2024 regarding evidence for the use of SCT to treat ED. Results: Despite insufficient evidence, public search interest demonstrates an upward trajectory of this treatment when compared to alternative regenerative therapies for ED. This increased interest in SCT as a potential treatment option for ED may be linked to the marketing efforts of commercial entities. Throughout the qualitative analysis of advertisement sources, only two websites (Stem Cells Transplant Institute, and Ambrose Cell Therapy) summarized the collective results of a directed clinical trial investigating the utility of SCT in ED patients. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the public prevalence of patients seeking SCT as a treatment modality for ED is increasing. In addition, varied sources nationwide promote SCT despite limited scientific evidence and consensus. This disparity calls for additional prospective research on the viability, efficacy, and long-term safety of SCT in the context of ED.
Adherence to minimal retesting interval for HbA1c, vitamin D and thyrotropin in the University Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Saroj Thapa , Meera Hada , Bhushan Tusuju , Apeksha Niraula 
Published: February 2025

Background: Laboratory testing plays a critical role in healthcare decision-making; however, concerns regarding overutilization and inappropriate testing persist. Minimum retesting intervals serve as a tool to optimize testing practices and resource allocation. This study aimed to assess adherence to minimum retesting interval guidelines and estimate associated costs for commonly prescribed tests, namely HbA1c, 25 hydroxyvitamin D (Vitamin D), and thyrotropin, in a university hospital setting in Nepal. Methods: This observational study utilized secondary data from medical records covering 1 year. Adherence to minimum retesting interval guidelines was evaluated based on established recommendations, and the economic burden of inappropriate testing was estimated using cost data provided by the Health Insurance Board of Nepal. Results: Patients who underwent TSH, HbA1c, and Vitamin D testing during the study period were 27,960, 8558, and 5416 with the total number of tests being 38,718 TSH, 13,859 HbA1c, and 5977 Vitamin D, respectively. There were notable proportions of patients with minimum retesting interval breach, that is, n = 1317 for thyroid stimulating hormone (4.71%), n = 1159 for HbA1c (13.54%) and n = 232 for Vitamin D (4.28%). Minimum retesting interval breaches were identified across all parameters, with associated costs of $12,817 which could be saved if there were no minimum retesting interval breaches. Variations in minimum retesting interval adherence were observed between insured and noninsured patients and among tests falling within and outside reference ranges. Conclusion: The findings highlight the prevalence of minimum retesting interval breaches and inappropriate testing practices, emphasizing the need for interventions to optimize laboratory testing utilization. Addressing these challenges through context-specific strategies can enhance resource allocation and patient care while mitigating financial burdens.
The UK's Early Access to Medicines Scheme 10 years on: an evaluation using publicly available data
Authors: Pound Pandora , Ram Rebecca , Archibald Kathy 
Published: February 2025

Objectives To investigate the drugs and indications that have passed through the UK's Early Access to Medicines Scheme (EAMS) to date, the type of evidence the regulator considers when accepting a drug into the EAMS, and potential risks to patients. Design Analysis of publicly available data: MHRA Public Assessment Reports; Electronic Medicines Compendium database; interactive Drug Analysis Profiles database; Eudravigilance database. Setting United Kingdom. Participants The 51 ‘scientific opinions’ available on the MHRA website in June 2024. Main Outcome Measures Public Assessment Reports, pharmacovigilance data. Results After exclusions, there were 48 EAMS submissions, consisting of 48 indications and 32 drugs. 60% of indications were for cancer. Only 7% of EAMS submissions were based on double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trials. The average sample size of studies conducted for the EAMS was 654. Most studies used surrogate (76%) and/or survival (57%) outcomes. Only 17% used subjective outcomes. For 17% of the indications, no ongoing studies were being conducted. Animal studies were conducted preclinically for all drugs and 35% also conducted in vitro studies. 47% of the drugs had elevated rates of suspected adverse reaction reports according to pharmacovigilance data. Conclusions We recommend that the EAMS drugs with elevated reporting rates are reviewed, that future studies of EAMS drugs use patient-centred outcomes, that preclinical studies make greater use of human biology-based approaches, that post-approval trials are conducted, and that future reviews of the EAMS centre the experience of patients.
Harnessing digital health data for suicide prevention and care: A rapid review
Authors: Bennett-Poynter Laura , Kundurthi Sridevi , Besa Reena , Joyce Dan W. , Kormilitzin Andrey , Shen Nelson , Sunwoo James , Szkudlarek Patrycja , Sequiera Lydia , Sikstrom Laura 
Published: February 2025

Background and aim Suicide is a global public health issue disproportionately impacting equity-deserving groups. Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence and increased access to a variety of digital data sources have enabled the development of novel and personalized suicide prevention strategies. However, standards on how to harness these data in a comprehensive and equitable way remain unclear. The primary aim of this study is to identify considerations for the collection and use of digital health data for suicide prevention and care. The results will inform the development of a data governance framework for a multinational suicide prevention mHealth platform. Method We used a modified Cochrane Rapid Reviews Method. Inclusion criteria focused on primary studies published in English from 2007 to the present that referenced the use of digital health data in the context of suicide prevention and care. Screening and data extraction was performed independently by multiple reviewers, with disagreements resolved through discussion. Qualitative and quantitative synthesis methods were employed to identify emergent themes. Results Our search identified 2453 potential articles, with 70 meeting inclusion criteria. We found little consensus on best practices for the collection and use of digital health data for suicide prevention and care. Issues of data quality, fairness and equity persist, compounded by inadequate consideration of key governance issues including privacy and trust, especially in multinational initiatives. Conclusions Recommendations for future research and practice include prioritizing engagement with knowledge users, establishing robust data governance frameworks aligned with clinical guidelines, and leveraging advanced analytics, such as natural language processing, to improve the quality of health equity data.
Preliminary study: Data analytics for predicting medication adherence in Malaysian arthritis patients
Authors: Aziz Firdaus , Sooriamoorthy Shubathira , Liew Bryan , Syed Ahmad Sharifah M. , Chong Wei Wen , Malek Sorayya , Mhd Ali Adliah 
Published: February 2025

Objective In multi-ethnic Malaysian populations, understanding and improving medication adherence in arthritis patients is crucial for enhancing treatment outcomes. Non-adherence, whether intentional or due to complex factors, can lead to severe long-term consequences such as increased disability and disease progression. This study analysed and predicted Malaysian arthritis medication adherence using 13 machine learning models. Methods A majority of 151 responders (82.1%) were female and 58.3% had comorbid illnesses. Notably, 90.07% of respondents were non-adherence to their prescription, with significant differences by occupation and aids in medication. This study's machine learning models perform better with recursive feature elimination for feature selection. Key variables included occupation, presence of other diseases, religion, income, medication aid, marital status, and number of medications taken per day. These variables were used to build predictive models for medication adherence. Results Results from machine learning algorithms showed varied performance. Support vector machine, gradient boosting, and random forest models performed best with AUC values of 0.907, 0.775, and 0.632 utilizing all variables. When using selected variables, random forest (AUC = 0.883), gradient boosting (AUC = 0.872), and Bagging (AUC = 0.860) performed best. Model interpretation using SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis identified occupation as the most important variable affecting medication adherence. The study also found that unemployment, concomitant disease, income, medication aid type, marital status, and daily medication count are connected with non-adherence. Conclusion The findings underscore the multifaceted nature of medication adherence in arthritis, highlighting the need for personalized approaches to improve adherence rates.