bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early‐life immune expression profiles predict later‐life health and fitness in a wild rodent
Authors: Wanelik Klara M. , Begon Mike , Bradley Janette E. , Friberg Ida M. , Taylor Christopher H. , Jackson Joseph A. , Paterson Steve 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIndividuals differ in the nature of the immune responses they produce, affecting disease susceptibility and ultimately health and fitness. These differences have been hypothesized to have an origin in events experienced early in life that then affect trajectories of immune development and responsiveness. Here, we investigate how early‐life immune expression profiles influence life history outcomes in a natural population of field voles, Microtus agrestis, in which we are able to monitor variation between and within individuals through time by repeat sampling of individually marked animals. We analysed the co‐expression of 20 immune genes in early life to create a correlation network consisting of three main clusters, one of which (containing Gata3, Il10 and Il17) was associated with later‐life reproductive success and susceptibility to chronic bacterial (Bartonella) infection. More detailed analyses supported associations between early‐life expression of Il17 and reproductive success later in life, and of Il10 expression early in life and later infection with Bartonella. We also found significant association between an Il17 genotype and the early‐life expression of Il10. Our results demonstrate that immune expression profiles can be manifested during early life with effects that persist through adulthood and that shape the variability among individuals in susceptibility to infection and fitness widely seen in natural populations.
The consequences of nationalism: A scholarly exchange
Authors: vom Hau Matthias , Helbling Marc , Tudor Maya , Wimmer Andreas , Halikiopoulou Daphne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe main thrust of the scholarship on nationalism has so far been concerned with its origins. But nationalism also has effects. Whether it underpins the nation‐building efforts of states, is mobilised by counter‐state forces or is used in everyday life, nationalism might implicate a wide range of substantive outcomes, including political regimes, public goods provision, citizenship and immigration laws, and different patterns of conflict. Yet—with a few notable exceptions—the consequences of nationalism have received significantly less scholarly attention. In response, the aim of this Exchange is to create a new dialogue between different strands of scholarship around what we know and do not know about the consequences of nationalism. We organise this Exchange around the following questions: (1) What is nationalism? (2) How can we measure nationalism? (3) What are the consequences of nationalism? (4) What are new research frontiers?
Comparisons of the Rome III and Rome IV criteria for diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in Indian and Bangladeshi communities and internal shifts in the diagnostic categories of bowel disorders of gut–brain interactions
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C. , Rahman M. Masudur , Pratap Nitesh , Misra Asha , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Hasan Mahmud , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Palsson Olafur S. , Sperber Ami D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the Rome IV criteria are the most recent criteria to diagnose irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), their sensitivity has been shown to be low in Chinese and Western populations. There are scanty data comparing the Rome III and Rome IV criteria in diagnosis of IBS in the Indian and Bangladeshi populations where abdominal pain, an essential component of diagnosis of IBS by the Rome IV criteria, is less in frequency and of lower severity.MethodsWe analyzed the Indian and Bangladeshi data from the Rome Global Epidemiology Study to compare diagnostic sensitivity of the Rome III and Rome IV criteria for IBS, internal shifts in diagnostic categories of disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), the severity of IBS diagnosed by the Rome III and Rome IV criteria, and consultation patterns in these populations.Key ResultsThe Rome IV criteria were less sensitive than the Rome III criteria to diagnose IBS in these populations, and the subjects with Rome III IBS shifted internally to other DGBI when the Rome IV criteria were applied. Moreover, Rome IV IBS subjects had greater symptom severity than the Rome III IBS. A third of people fulfilling diagnostic criteria for IBS consulted doctors, and those diagnosed using Rome IV criteria, those with higher anxiety and depression symptom score, lower global physical health score, and greater IBS symptom severity score had greater correlation coefficients with doctors' consultation.Conclusions and InferencesThe Rome IV diagnostic criteria for IBS are less sensitive than the Rome III criteria in Indian and Bangladesh communities. Application of the Rome IV criteria to people who meet the Rome III IBS criteria selects a subgroup of people with greater severity of symptoms, and hence, Rome IV IBS is more strongly associated with physician consultation. These findings may have important bearing in future iterations of the Rome criteria for a broader global applicability.
Complex wound response mechanisms and phellogen evolution – insights from Early Devonian euphyllophytes
Authors: Lalica Madison A. K. , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. 
Published: April 2023

Summary

We analyze the oldest fossil occurrences of wound‐response periderm to characterize the development of wound responses in early tracheophytes. The origin of periderm production by a cambium (phellogen), an innovation with key roles in protection of inner plant tissues, is poorly explored; understanding periderm development in early tracheophytes can illuminate key aspects of this process.

Anatomy of wound‐response tissues is characterized in serial sections in a new Early Devonian (Emsian; c. 400 Ma) euphyllophyte from Quebec (Canada) – Nebuloxyla mikmaqiana sp. nov. – and compared to previously described euphyllophyte periderm from the same fossil locality to reconstruct periderm development.

Characterizing development in these oldest periderm occurrences allows us to propose a model for the development of wound‐response periderm in early tracheophytes: by phellogen activity that is poorly coordinated laterally but bifacial, producing secondary tissues initially outwardly and subsequently inwardly.

The earliest occurrences of wound periderm pre‐date the oldest known periderm produced systemically as a regular ontogenetic stage (canonical periderm), suggesting that periderm evolved initially as a wound‐response mechanism. We hypothesize that canonical periderm evolved by exaptation of this wound sealing mechanism, whose deployment was triggered by tangential tensional stresses induced in the superficial tissues by vascular cambial growth from within.
Top managers in public organizations: A systematic literature review and future research directions
Authors: Huang Ting , Villadsen Anders Ryom 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDespite increasing attention, top management research has been heavily dominated by a focus on private companies with much less emphasis on the top managers in public organizations. We present a systematic literature review of 212 studies focused on public sector top managers published between 2005 and 2020. First, the paper provides descriptive results suggesting that the empirical focus on top managers in the public sector is increasing, though still limited compared to research on upper echelons in private firms. Second, we develop an empirically based “systems” model illustrating the role and function of top managers in public organizations. We use the model to show that the components of top management are interdependent, adaptive, and embedded in complex relationships in the system, and to identify avenues for future research.
Goal achievement in municipal strategic planning: The role of executives' background and political context
Authors: Bello‐Gomez Ricardo A. , Avellaneda Claudia N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStrategic planning has been increasingly used by local governments worldwide to boost performance. While this can be seen as a technical and political process, the relationship between managerial qualifications, political context and achievement of strategic goals in local governments has been scarcely studied. This study explores these relationships using data from 137 Colombian municipalities at the middle and end of the 2016–2019 mayoral term. Findings suggest that midterm strategic goal achievement is associated with mayoral experience, particularly in the national government where the tradition of strategic planning is better established, and this relationship increases with higher levels of municipal council support. Certain traits of the chief planning officer, appointed by the mayor, also correlate positively with midterm goal achievement. End‐term goal achievement is mainly associated with midterm paths. This research contributes to the performance management literature by highlighting the political‐managerial interplay in strategic goal achievement.
The impact of social impact bond financing
Authors: Hevenstone Debra , Fraser Alec , Hobi Lukas , Przepiorka Wojtek , Geuke Gemma G. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSocial impact bonds (SIBs), also known as Pay for Success, are an innovation in Payment by Results contracting. Investors finance programs and are repaid based on the “SIB effect,” which includes changes in outcomes attributable to financing. We generate a quantitative estimate of this part of the SIB effect for two active labor market programs in the Netherlands and Switzerland. Comparing program impacts within providers using SIB and non‐SIB contracts suggests financing has positive impacts on public benefit receipt, employment, and income. Qualitative research suggests this is because SIB contracts increased pressure for all involved parties, leading to the institutionalization of selection and greater resources for SIB‐financed services. Contracts with high pressure, like SIBs, may compromise both performance requirements and the potential to measure performance. We examine the implications of these findings in relation to agency and stewardship theories and highlight the significance of SIBs as multilateral as opposed to bilateral contracts.
Evacuation behavior of households facing compound hurricane‐pandemic threats
Authors: Yusuf Juita‐Elena (Wie) , Whytlaw Jennifer L. , Hutton Nicole , Olanrewaju‐Lasisi Taiwo , Giles Bridget , Lawsure Kaleen , Behr Joshua , Diaz Rafael , McLeod George 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study examines households' prospective evacuation behavior during a hurricane‐pandemic compound threat. Data from a 2020 survey of coastal Virginia households help answer two questions: (1) What factors associated with the threat and impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic and hurricanes influence the prospective evacuation behavior of households during a compound hurricane‐pandemic event? (2) What are the equity implications for emergency management policies and practices to support evacuation and sheltering during a compound hurricane‐pandemic event? Households in the sample were split between those who stated they would evacuate away from the at‐risk region and those who would stay. Greater household vulnerability to hurricanes and COVID‐19 and having sufficient financial resources increase the likelihood of evacuation. Higher‐income households were more likely to have resources to evacuate and were less likely to suffer financial consequences from a hurricane or pandemic. Racial minorities are more vulnerable to the pandemic and face greater resource challenges when evacuating.
Bureaucratic response to performance information: how mandatory information disclosure affects environmental inspections
Authors: Li Zhengyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInformation disclosure has become a ubiquitous component of contemporary governance. This study examines how disclosure of information about the performance of regulated entities, which also implicates the performance of relevant government agencies, affects bureaucratic behaviors. In the context of the Clean Air Act (CAA)—the primary law that regulates air pollution in the United States—this study shows that regulators significantly increased CAA regulatory inspections on facilities that started to disclose relevant performance information to the public following the requirements of the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), which is a major environmental information disclosure program in the United States. Additional analyses suggest the increase was because of the disclosure providing new information to regulators instead of mobilizing citizen actions. The findings suggest that performance information about regulated entities can alleviate information asymmetry between bureaucrats and regulated entities and increase the accountability of regulated entities as well as relevant government agencies.
Reputation management during a public health crisis: Overcompensating when all else fails
Authors: Varela Castro Samanta , Bustos Edgar O. , Saldivia Gonzatti Daniel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough reactions to reputational threats have been studied before, there is still an opportunity to understand the dynamics of reputation management facing a crisis. This study seeks to understand how the legal‐procedural, moral, performative, and technical dimensions of reputation change during the management of an extended crisis in a public health organization. We explore the communication of the Mexican Health Secretariat by analyzing its press conferences and releases before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Building on the situational crisis communication theory and considering public interest, we conducted two exploratory examinations based on text‐as‐data methods to capture reputation‐related language. Our analysis suggests that factors influencing reputational threat, such as crisis severity, legitimacy, leaders' individual reputation, and coalition support, may be important for choosing between strategies. We argue that the Secretariat radically changed its reputation management strategy during the pandemic—they first stressed the technical and, as damage rose, the performative dimensions.
Reducing farmers' poverty vulnerability in China: The role of digital financial inclusion
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Xiangnan , Wu Tong , Deng Weihua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper applies exogenous shocks to investigate the impact of digital financial inclusion (DFI) on farmers' poverty vulnerability in China. We find that farmers in highly developed DFI areas are less vulnerable to the poverty trap. The result is robust to various checks, including propensity score matching and difference‐in‐differences method and the instrumental variable approach. Moreover, we find that income diversification is the possible economic channel through which DFI affects farmers' poverty vulnerability. Further analyses show that DFI has a “targeting” effect on those who are poor and vulnerable, and a synergistic effect by working with medical insurance and informal finance in terms of reducing farmers' poverty vulnerability. Our research findings provide new theoretical insights and useful guidance in enhancing financial inclusiveness and sustainable development in the post‐COVID‐19 era.
The transcriptome of soybean reproductive tissues subjected to water deficit, heat stress, and a combination of water deficit and heat stress
Authors: Sinha Ranjita , Induri Sai Preethi , Peláez‐Vico María Ángeles , Tukuli Adama , Shostak Benjamin , Zandalinas Sara I. , Joshi Trupti , Fritschi Felix B. , Mittler Ron 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYGlobal warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events, such as droughts, heat waves, and their combination, inflicting heavy losses to agricultural production. Recent studies revealed that the transcriptomic responses of different crops to water deficit (WD) or heat stress (HS) are very different from that to a combination of WD + HS. In addition, it was found that the effects of WD, HS, and WD + HS are significantly more devastating when these stresses occur during the reproductive growth phase of crops, compared to vegetative growth. As the molecular responses of different reproductive and vegetative tissues of plants to WD, HS, or WD + HS could be different from each other and these differences could impact many current and future attempts to enhance the resilience of crops to climate change through breeding and/or engineering, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of different soybean (Glycine max) tissues to WD, HS, and WD + HS. Here we present a reference transcriptomic dataset that includes the response of soybean leaf, pod, anther, stigma, ovary, and sepal to WD, HS, and WD + HS conditions. Mining this dataset for the expression pattern of different stress response transcripts revealed that each tissue had a unique transcriptomic response to each of the different stress conditions. This finding is important as it suggests that enhancing the overall resilience of crops to climate change could require a coordinated approach that simultaneously alters the expression of different groups of transcripts in different tissues in a stress‐specific manner.
Metabolic resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibitors in Beckmannia syzigachne: identification of CYP81Q32 and its transcription regulation
Authors: Wang Junzhi , Lian Lei , Qi Jiale , Fang Yuhang , Nyporko Alex , Yu Qin , Bai Lianyang , Pan Lang 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYFrequent herbicide use selects for herbicide resistance in weeds. Cytochrome P450s are important detoxification enzymes responsible for herbicide resistance in plants. We identified and characterized a candidate P450 gene (BsCYP81Q32) from the problematic weed Beckmannia syzigachne to test whether it conferred metabolic resistance to the acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicides mesosulfuron‐methyl, bispyribac‐sodium, and pyriminobac‐methyl. Transgenic rice overexpressing BsCYP81Q32 was resistant to the three herbicides. Equally, rice overexpressing the rice ortholog gene OsCYP81Q32 was more resistant to mesosulfuron‐methyl. Conversely, an OsCYP81Q32 gene knockout generated using CRISPR/Cas9 enhanced mesosulfuron‐methyl sensitivity in rice. Overexpression of the BsCYP81Q32 gene resulted in enhanced mesosulfuron‐methyl metabolism in transgenic rice seedlings via O‐demethylation. The major metabolite, demethylated mesosulfuron‐methyl, was chemically synthesized and displayed reduced herbicidal effect in plants. Moreover, a transcription factor (BsTGAL6) was identified and shown to bind a key region in the BsCYP81Q32 promoter for gene activation. Inhibition of BsTGAL6 expression by salicylic acid treatment in B. syzigachne plants reduced BsCYP81Q32 expression and consequently changed the whole plant response to mesosulfuron‐methyl. Sequence polymorphisms in an important region of the BsTGAL6 promoter may explain the higher expression of BsTGAL6 in resistant versus susceptible B. syzigachne plants. Collectively, the present study reveals the evolution of an herbicide‐metabolizing and resistance‐endowing P450 and its transcription regulation in an economically important weedy plant species.
How do digital trade rules affect global value chain trade in services?—Analysis of preferential trade agreements
Authors: Wu Jie , Luo Zechu , Wood Jacob 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs international trade practices continue to develop, more than half of all international service trade has been digitised, with digital trade rules becoming a key factor affecting the development of global value chain (GVC) service trade. This study constructs the depth and scope indicators of digital trade rules included within preferential trade agreements (PTAs). We then investigate the role that digital trade rules play in promoting service trade along GVC using a gravity model framework. From our analysis, we find that both the depth and the scope indicators of digital trade rules have a significant promotional effect on GVC service exports, with the impact on GVC forward service exports being greater than the impact that was felt on GVC backward service exports. We also find that the GVC trade promotion effect is affected by income level, types of PTAs and the differences in regulatory quality that exist between countries. Finally, by developing a dynamic model that includes a set of leads and lags for digital trade rules' variables, we find that the impact of digital trade rules on GVC trade in services has both an anticipation and phasing‐in effect.
Comparison of UV‐Cl and UV‐H2O2 advanced oxidation processes in the degradation of contaminants from water and wastewater: A review
Authors: Farzanehsa Mahshid , Vaughan Liam C. , Zamyadi Arash , Khan Stuart J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractApplications of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in water and wastewater treatment have been the subject of growing interest throughout the last decade. Although UV/hydrogen peroxide (UV‐H2O2) is the most established technology among the UV‐AOPs, UV‐chlorine (UV‐Cl) is emerging as a reliable and potentially more cost‐effective alternative. Recent studies have indicated that UV‐Cl processes may be more efficient and economically favourable for the degradation of some chemicals of emerging concern from contaminated water. Moreover, in terms of the formation of disinfection by‐products (DBPs), UV‐H2O2 seems to have no superiority over UV‐Cl. This said, more investigation in the assessment of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of DBPs is required. Additionally, more pilot‐scale and full‐scale studies are required to establish UV‐Cl as a reliable alternative to UV‐ H2O2. This paper compares UV‐Cl and UV‐H2O2 AOPs for the degradation of intractable chemicals from water and wastewater based on the practical considerations of efficiency, cost, DBP formation, kinetics and sensitivity to water matrix variability. Finally, various modelling approaches to UV‐Cl have been reviewed. This review showed that UV‐Cl is superior to UV‐H2O2 in terms of degradation efficiency and cost effectiveness and can be a robust alternative in many UV‐AOPs applications.
Comparison of Fatigue Life of AA2050-T852 and AA7050-T7452 Alloy Forgings at Different Orientations
Authors: Fuhr N. , Zhou S. , Shen K. , Rajab A. , Es-Said S. , Thaung S. , Tan S. , Riebe R. , Santos N. , Thura Hein Y. , Toal R. , Li Y. , Timko M. , Es-Said O. S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study compares the fatigue performance between the AA2050-T852 alloy and AA7050-T7452 alloy traditionally used in aircraft structures. Rotating beam fatigue tests were performed on AA2050-T852 and AA7050-T7452 specimens cut from forged plates with different orientations and at different thickness levels. The samples were tested at 345 MPa (50 ksi), 276 MPa (40 ksi), 207 MPa (30 ksi), and 172 MPa (25 ksi). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed mixed-mode failure in all samples. However, the equiaxed dimples were more abundant and finer in the AA2050-T852 alloy. The results indicated that AA2050-T852 alloy demonstrated better fatigue life performance compared to AA7050-T7452 alloy at almost all stresses. No significant difference in fatigue anisotropy was found in one alloy versus the other.