bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressor Adherent Cells in Human Tuberculosis
Authors: Ellner Jerrold J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Patients with newly diagnosed active pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into high and low responder groups on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNC) induced by tuberculin-purified protein derivative (PPD). The group of patients with low tuberculin responses was characterized by anergy to tuberculin skin testing and larger numbers of circulating monocytes than the high responders. The groups were comparable in the extent of pulmonary tuberculosis and other clinical parameters. PB MNC from tuberculin low responders had normal phytohemagglutinin (PHA) but depressed streptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD), Candida antigen, and tetanus toxoid-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation. Depletion of adherent cells resulted in a mean 24.4-fold enhancement of T lymphocyte responses to PPD in the low responders as compared to a 2.9-fold increase in the high responders. The low response of PB MNC from low responders to nonmycobacterial antigens was not similarly augmented by adherent cell depletion. Adding back graded numbers of adherent cells to purified T lymphocyte populations resulted in greater depression of the PPD-induced proliferative response to the tuberculin low responders when compared to the high responders. These studies provide evidence for circulating suppressor adherent cells in tuberculosis patients with diminished responsiveness to PPD in vitro. This immunosuppression is not mediated by adherent cell supernatant products, nor does it involve T lymphocyte labile during culture. However, complex cellular interactions, possibly involving suppressor T cells, are implicated by the restriction of this phenomenon to PPD-induced lymphocyte activation and the depression of the PB MNC responses to nonmycobacterial antigens. The suppressor adherent cells defined in these studies may be relevant as a cause or consequence of infection in a subset of patients with tuberculosis.
Specificities of Killing by T Lymphocytes Generated against Syngeneic SV40 Transformants: Studies Employing Recombinants within the H-2 Complex
Authors: Gooding Linda R. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
T lymphocyte effectors to syngeneic SV40-transformed cells, generated by secondary in vitro sensitization of immune spleen cells, lyse SV40 transformed targets that are syngeneic at the H-2 locus. In this study we have employed recombinants within the H-2 region to examine in detail this H-2 specificity. H-2b effector were found to lyse SV40-transformed targets from recombinants bearing either H-2Kb or H-2Db. H-2k effectors recognized only SV40-transformed H-2Kk, and not H-2Dk target cells. By using the same protocol for sensitization, no effector cells could be detected in H-2d mice. Effectors generated in H-2 recombinant mice showed that the response capacity resides with K and D. For example, HTG, which is H-2d except at the D locus (H-2Db), produced effector cells specific for SV40-transformed H-2Db targets. Thus, the secondary in vitro response to SV40 transformants was found to depend only on the K and D alleles and not to be modified by the I region to any measurable extent.
Macromolecular Insoluble Cold Globulin (MICG): A Novel Protein from Mouse Lymphocytes
Authors: Kansu Emin , Sobczak Gloria , Hauptman Stephen P. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In the present communication we have examined the relationship between the synthesis of macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG) and the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In addition, we have studied in vivo the effect of antiserum to MICG on the antibody response to sheep red blood cells. The experiments indicate that MICG synthesis compared to either IgM or total protein is selectively stimulated in responder T cells exposed to allogeneic stimulator cells in the MLR. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies utilizing anti-MICG antiserum demonstrated that T cells bearing MICG on their surface are an essential component of the responder cell population in the MLR.
In vivo administration of antiserum to MICG significantly suppressed both the primary and secondary antibody response to sheep red blood cells. A possible mechanism for this suppression is discussed.
Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay for Quantitation of Antigen-Specific IgG in Human Sera with 125I-Protein A from Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Hamilton Robert G. , Sobotka Anne K. , Adkinson N. Franklin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Radiolabeled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus (Staph A) has been used to develop a solid phase, noncompetitive radioimmunoassay for quantitation of specific IgG antibody. The assay involves two incubations: First, agarose-insolubilized antigen is mixed with serum samples for 1 to 4 hr during which specific antibody is bound; second, after a washing procedure, the solid phase immune complexes are incubated for 4 to 18 hr with 125I-Staph A, during which the radiolabeled detection protein binds to the insolubilized specific IgG antibody. In a comparative study of the IgG antiphospholipase A antibody content of 23 human sera drawn from honeybee venom-sensitive patients, results of the Staph A assay correlated highly (r = 0.981, p &lt; 0.001, N = 23) with those obtained from a liquid phase, competitive radioimmunoprecipitation (double antibody) assay. The two assays demonstrated comparable precision, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In contrast, the use of 125I-Staph A in the solid phase radioimmunoassay was supperior to 125I rabbit anti-human IgG because of lower negative serum (blank) values, shorter time required to reach equilibrium binding, and greater precision and reproducibility. In principle, the 125I Staph A assay may be applied to IgG quantitation for crude allergen extracts as well as purified antigens. Furthermore, the sera of a number of mammalian species may be studied without further modification.
The Role of Monocytes in Human Lymphocytes Activation by Mitogens
Authors: de Vries Jan E. , Caviles Alendry P. , Bont Willy S. , Mendelsohn John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studies were performed to determine the role of monocytes in human lymphocyte activation by mitogens. Velocity sedimentation at 1 × G in a new apparatus was utilized to obtain highly purified lymphocyte fractions (LF) nearly free of monocytes (0.02 to 0.4%) and a fraction (MF) enriched for monocytes (64 to 92%). The average peak responses of the lymphocyte fractions to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen were 19, 10, and 9% of the responses achieved with unfractionated lymphocyte cultures containing approximately 20% monocytes. These changes were not attributable to altered dose requirements. When mitomycin-C-treated MF cells were used to reconstitute LF cultures, it was found that 4% monocytes fully restored the response to phytohemagglutinin whereas 8 to 16% monocytes were required for a normal response to the other mitogens. Higher numbers of MF cells produced supranormal responses, with 35 to 50% monocytes resulting in the optimal stimulation. Allogeneic monocytes were able to fully reconstitute the response of LF, and 2-mercaptoethanol (50 µM) was only slightly effective.
In exploring possible mechanisms by which monocytes potentiate the mitogenic activity of lymphocytes, it was found that the supernatants of MF cultures could partially, but not completely, reconstitute LF responses, suggesting that contact with MF may be required for optimal effectiveness. Addition of graded numbers of monocytes to LF altered both the kinetics of the response and the peak level of proliferation. Monocyte depletion also resulted in markedly decreased survival of cultured unstimulated LF. These observations suggest a variety of possible effects of monocytes in potentiating mitogenic responses, including contact-mediated interactions with lymphocytes (possibly to present the mitogen optimally); enhancement of proliferation kinetics and the size of the responding subpopulation, and maintenance of a requisite growth factor(s) in the culture. Small differences in the monocyte content of cultured lymphocyte preparations may thus account for many of the often observed variations in mitogen responsiveness.
Role of Different T Cell Sets in the Rejection of Syngeneic Chemically Induced Tumors
Authors: Shimizu Kazuyuki , Shen Fung-Win 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the phenotypes of immune cells concerned in the rejection of chemically induced tumors. Counted numbers of viable dissociated cells of a selected C57BL/6 (B6) tumor were combined with counted numbers of peritoneal cells from highly immunized syngeneic B6 donors and inoculated subcutaneously into untreated syngeneic B6 mice. Progressive tumor growth was prevented by nonadherent immune peritoneal cells in numbers less than one-quarter the number of tumor cells, and the cells responsible belonged mainly or entirely to the nonadherent fraction of the peritoneal population. There was no cross-protection between this tumor and a second B6 tumor induced by the same carcinogen, indicating that immunity in this experimental system, as reported previously, is directed to antigens that individually characterize chemically induced tumors. Elimination of Thy-1(+) cells by Thy-1 antiserum and complement abolished the protective capacity of the immune peritoneal cells, showing that immunity under these conditions is mediated by T cells. Protection was also precluded by elimination of Lyt-1(+) cells or of Lyt-2(+) cells, showing that protection could not be attributed to either the Lyt-23 or the Lyt-1 set of T cells alone. Nor was protection conferred by various combinations of these selected Lyt-1 and Lyt-23 cell sets. Thus, participation of the third well defined Lyt cells set, Lyt-123, which is automatically eliminated when the Lyt-23 and Lyt-1 sets are prepared by selective immune cytolysis is evidently necessary to rejection, in these experimental circumstances. Although this might imply that cytotoxicity for syngeneic tumors is effected by Lyt-123 cells, it is emphasized that this assay system allows time for the differentiation and proliferation of cells sets. Thus, the data are also consistent with a uniform hypothesis that cell-mediated cytotoxicity is an exclusive function of Lyt123:CS cells, and that these, and possible Lyt1:H amplifier cells, are generated in the course of the assay from a specifically primed antecedent Lyt123:ARC cell set.
Lymphocyte Soluble Factor-Activated Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity: The Role of Ia-Like Antigens in Activation and Cytolysis, and Their Relationship to Fc Receptor
Authors: Kasakura Shinpei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit antisera to the human B cell-specific surface antigen complex (27,000 and 33,000 m.w.) have been employed to investigate the role of Ia-like antigens in cell-mediated lympholysis induced by supernatants from cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. A single treatment of T lymphocytes with anti-B cell serum plus complement totally eliminated CFM-induced CML. Decomplemented antiserum or IgG F(ab′)2 fragments present during the 6-day culture period blocked the generation of cytotoxic effector cells. Furthermore, cytotoxicity was inhibited by simply pretreating T lymphocytes with either decomplemented antiserum of F(ab′)2 fragments before exposure to CFM. The blocking effects of these antisera or their derivatives were also shown to occur during the cytolytic phase of CFM-induced CML. The effector cell in this type of cytotoxicity is known to possess receptors for the Fc portion of IgG. However, that this inhibitory effect was not due to binding of antibodies to the Fc receptor was shown in studies that demonstrate that F(ab′)2 fragments of these antisera inhibited cytotoxicity but did not interfere with EA rosette formation. This was further supported by the demonstration that pretreatment of the T lymphocyte with aggregated γ-globulin abrogated EA rosette formation but did not suppress cytotoxicity. Thus, the following information has been obtained from these studies: 1) Both the precursors of cytotoxic cells and the cytotoxic cell itself in CFM-induced CML bear Ia-like antigens; 2) Ia-like antigens are necessary in both the sensitization and cytolytic phases of this cytotoxicity; and 3) the Ia-like antigen represents a cell surface site on the effector cell that is distinct from the Fc receptor.
Suppression of Cytotoxic Response to Histoincompatible Cells
Authors: Gorczynski Reginald M. , MacRae S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen and thymus cell populations from normal or allograft tolerant mice have been cultured for 5 days with specific alloantigens and examined for their reactivity in three assay systems. No consistent correlation was observed between the production of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) in these cultures and the ability of such cultured cells to inhibit specifically a CML response from fresh normal spleen cells directed to the priming alloantigens. Furthermore, suppressor cells measured in this latter assay were apparently distinct from those able to inhibit the production of cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors (CTLp) from bone marrow stem cells in lethally irradiated bone marrow protected mice. Velocity sedimentation experiments confirmed that both the precursor and effector cells for the two suppressor systems were physically separable, and were distinct from CTLp or CTL, respectively. Precursor cells for the two suppressor systems investigated belong to the short-lived cortical thymus cell population.
Induction of Suppressor Cells in Rat Spleen: Influence of Microbial Stimulation
Authors: Mattingly Jerome A. , Eardley Diane D. , Kemp John D. , Gershon Richard K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of the products of prostaglandin synthetase in the suppression of in vitro secondary antibody responses by rat spleen cells was examined. By including cells from both germfree and conventional rats in these studies, the effect of in vivo microbial stimulation on this suppression was also determined. We found that 1) the suppression that is normally present in the spleen cells of rats can be eliminated by the use of glass wool or indomethacin; 2) germfree rats do not display this suppressor activity; and 3) this “deficit” in the germfree rat may be due to a lack of a microbial-induced signal from a nonadherent cell to an adherent prostaglandin-containing macrophage, implying that at least two cells are involved in the prostaglandin-synthetase dependent suppressor effect. It is possible that large amounts of some or all microbial products activate “suppressor” macrophages and that inbred rats behave like “chronically infected” mice because of an inability to regulate their “normal” microbial flora.
Tumor Antigens as Inappropriately Expressed Normal Alloantigens
Authors: Russell John H. , Ginns Leo C. , Terres Geronimo , Eisen Herman N. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Preliminary tests of three BALB/c myeloma tumors for ability to elicit immune responses in BALB/c mice showed that the only highly immunogenic one was MOPC-167. BALB/c mice immunized with this tumor developed cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that lysed MOPC-167 cells specifically. When challenged with 5 × 105 MOPC-167 cells (about 1000 times the LD50 dose) labeled with 131I-iododeoxyuridine, tumors failed to develop in immunized animals and whole-body counts showed that the labeled MOPC-167 cells were rapidly eliminated. The cross-reactions of these CTL were unusual: they caused essentially no lysis of eight other BALB/c tumors, including three myeloma tumors, but they lysed extensively six out of nine tumors of DBA/2 mice (a seventh was lysed weakly). In contrast, the CTL elicited by MOPC-167 in (BALB/c × DBA/2)F1 hybrids did not lyse P815, the most sensitive of the DBA/2 tumors, and had less lytic activity against MOPC-167. CTL elicited by MOPC-167 in other BALB/c hybrids (BALB/c × NZB and BALB/c × C57BL/6) had the same reactions and cross-reactions as those elicited in purebred BALB/c mice. All of these observations suggest that MOPC-167 expresses an alloantigen that normally is absent in BALB/c mice but present in DBA/2 mice and in many DBA/2 tumors. The possibility that CTL elicited by immunization with a syngeneic tumor might be directed to inappropriately expressed alloantigens on the tumor cells was supported by observations with L5178Y: this lymphoma was one of the DBA/2 tumors not lysed by BALB/c anti-MOPC-167 CTL, but it was lysed by the CTL elicited in DBA/2 mice with MOPC-167 or with normal BALB/c spleen cells. Hence L5178Y, although of DBA/2 origin, appears to express antigens that are the same or strongly cross-reactive with an alloantigen that is absent in DBA/2 mice and present on normal BALB/c spleen cells and on a BALB/c myeloma tumor (MOPC-167).
Detection of HLA-DRw (Ia-Like) Antigens on Human T Lymphocytes Grown in Tissue Culture
Authors: Metzgar Richard S. , Bertoglio Jacques , Anderson Joy K. , Bonnard Guy D. , Ruscetti Francis W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human T lymphocytes that proliferate in the presence of conditioned medium from PHA-stimulated allogeneic peripheral blood cells were shown to express Ia antigens after the 8th culture day. Ia antigens as detected by xenogeneic antisera were present on 80 to 90% of the cultured cells which were also strongly reactive with xenogenic antisera defining a human T cell antigen and formed E rosettes. Control cultures with PHA or no conditioned medium expressed T cell but not Ia antigens. These cultured T cells also express the same HLA-DRw determinant as the B cells of the donor they were derived from. Absorption of xenogeneic Ia, and HLA-DRw alloantisera with cultured T cells completely removed the reactivity of these sera for enriched peripheral blood B lymphocytes from normal donors.
Relationship Between Antibody Affinity and Hemolytic Plaque Diameter
Authors: DeHeer David H. , Edgington Thomas S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The relationship between antibody affinity and hemolytic plaque diameter was explored with immunochemically purified anti-DNP antibody of demonstrated affinity and heterogeneity. Anti-DNP antisera were prepared by immunizing two groups of two rabbits each with 5 and 50 mg of DNP-BGG, respectively. Anti-DNP IgG antibody from each antiserum was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G-200 chromatography, and elution from a DNP-aminoethylcellulose immunoabsorbent. The affinity and heterogeneity of each preparation were determined by equilibrium dialysis with 3H-DNP-EACA. Each antibody preparation was analyzed by hemolytic plaque assay with trinitrophenylated sheep erythrocytes in an agarose layer. These assays demonstrated a proportionality between antibody affinity and plaque diameter, with the largest plaques being formed by antibody of high affinity. Incorporation of free DNP-EACA into the assays demonstrated: a) that the highest affinity plaques were neutralized more efficiently than low affinity plaques; b) high affinity antibody resulted in a higher inhibition slope than low affinity antibody; c) inhibition slope was directly proportional to the heterogeneity of antibody affinity; and d) a linear correlation existed between the concentration of competing antigen that neutralized 50% of the antibody (Ab50) and the affinity of the antibody. These results provide a basis for the experimental use of inhibition assays to assess anti-hapten antibody affinity and substantiate the validity of using Ab50 in analyses of relative antibody affinity.
Involvement of Proteases in the Binding of EAC14OXY23B to Complement Receptor Cells
Authors: Dierich Manfred P. , Landen Beate 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Involvement of proteases in complement-dependent rosette formation was tested by using binding of EAC14oxy23b to complement receptor cells (CR+C) as a model. The evidence for such a mechanism was 4-fold: a) Interaction between EAC14oxy23b and CR+C (Raji cells, PBL, PMNL) could be inhibited by DFP, PMSF, or TLCK; pretreatment of EAC14oxy23b by the inhibitors had the same effect. b) EAC43b and EAC143b showed less rosettes than EAC14oxy23b, an effect for which oxyC2 could be made directly responsible; the oxyC2a-dependent increase in reactivity could be avoided by DFP. c) Inhibitor-induced reduction and oxyC2a-induced promotion of cell interaction could be correlated with reduction or promotion of the hemolytic activity of EAC14oxy23b toward C5. d) Treatment of Raji cells with a monospecific anti-C3 serum resulted in inhibition of the oxyC2-dependent part of the interaction.
The enzyme-dependent mechanism started to function only after the protease-carrying cell (EAC14oxy23b) and the substrate-carrying cell (e.g., Raji cell) were brought into close enough contact via interaction between C3b and C3-receptors. This suggests that after the initial nonenzymatic contact through interaction of C3 and C3-receptor or possibly other ligand-receptor cooperation, membrane-bound proteases might be enabled to cleave suitable substrates on the adjacent cell and to liberate new binding sites on the substrates. These new binding sites might then intensify or stabilize an otherwise labile cell-cell contact.
Rhesus Monkey B Lymphocyte Surface Immunoglobulin: Analysis with a Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter
Authors: Finkelman Fred D. , Scher Irwin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rhesus monkey spleen, mesenteric lymph node, peripheral lymph node, blood, thymus, and bone marrow mononuclear cell suspensions were stained with fluorescein-conjugated F(ab′)2 fragments of affinity-purified rabbit anti-human Fab, rabbit anti-human γ, rabbit anti-human µ, rabbit anti-human δ, and/or rabbit anti-human α as well as rabbit anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (RaKLH) and analyzed for fluorescence intensity and frequency of positive cells with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Greater than 90% of surface (s)IgM-bearing spleen, blood, and lymph node lymphocytes bore sIgD, whereas only approximately 40% of sIgM-bearing bone marrow lymphocytes had sIgD. In all of these organs greater than 90% of sIgD-bearing cells also had sIgM. Substantially smaller numbers of lymphocytes bore sIgG than sIgM or sIgD, and most sIgG-bearing cells in all organs studied lacked sIgM and sIgD. Few if any cells in any organ studied bore detectable sIgA, and less than 1% of thymus cells had any sIg.
B cell populations from spleen, peripheral lymph node, and mesenteric lymph node averaged similar quantities of sIgM and sIgD per B cell. Blood B cells averaged twice as much sIgM and sIgD as B cells from spleen and lymph node, and 9 times as much sIgD as sIgD+ bone marrow cells. sIgD+ bone marrow B lymphocytes have considerably more sIgM than sIgD- sIgM+ bone marrow B cells. Our data confirm that the sIgD+ sIgM+ cells are the predominant B lymphocyte in primates, and suggest that monkey B cells acquire sIgD in the marrow before migrating to other lymphoid organs.