bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of ICU mobilisation within the first 48-72 hours: A multi-centre point prevalence study of mobility practices in the United Kingdom
Authors: Black Claire , Sanger Helen , Battle Ceri , Eden Allaina , Corner Evelyn 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background:
Early mobilisation in critical care is recommended within clinical guidance however prevalence across the United Kingdom (UK) is unknown. The study aimed to determine the proportion of patients mobilised within 48-72 hours, to describe their physiological status, and to compare this to published consensus safety recommendations for out-of-bed activity.
Methods:
A UK cross-sectional, multi-centre, observational study of adult critical care mobility practices was conducted. Demographic and physiological data, mobility level, and rationale for not mobilising were collected for all patients on one day. Patients were analysed in one of 3 groups;mobilised; not mobilised; or excluded. Regression analysis was used to compare the physiological parameters of the mobilised versus not-mobilised groups. Patients were stratified using published safety criteria; ‘low-risk’ of an adverse event, ‘potential-risk’, ‘high-risk’. Rationale for the decision to not mobilise was collected qualitatively.
Results: Data were collected for 960 patients across 84 UK critical care units. Of these 393 (41%) mobilised, 416 (43%) were not mobilised and 151 (16%) were excluded. A total of 371 patients had been admitted for ≤3 days, of whom 180 (48%) were mobilised, 140 (38%) were not mobilised and 51 (14%) were excluded. Of the 809 patients included, 367 (45%) had a green rating and 120 (15%) were rated amber, of whom 309 (84%) and 78 (65%) mobilised respectively. Mobility was associated with a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale of -1 to +1, lower doses of vasoactive agents, a lower inspired oxygen requirement.
Conclusion:
Although only 40% of patients mobilised out-of-bed, 89% of those defined ‘low-risk’ did so. There is significant overlap in physiological parameters for mobilisation versus non-mobilisation groups, suggesting a comprehensive physiological assessment is vital in decision making rather than relying on arbitrary time points.
Clinical Trials registration:
NCT05281705 Registered March 16, 2022. Retrospectively registered.
Investigation on a new compound-forming method of flanging and bulging with rubber flexible die
Authors: Wei Chuang , Han Zhi-ren , Liu Bao-ming , Jia Zhen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The T-shaped tube is a common component in aviation pipeline systems and has broad application prospects. However, the severe wall thickness thinning has been the bottleneck problem restricting the application of T-shaped tubes. In order to avoid rupture due to excessive thinning and improve the forming quality, a new rubber compound-forming method combined with the flanging and bulging of the T-shaped tube using a prefabricated hole is proposed. The optimization model of the prefabricated hole is established based on the geometric analysis method and the incremental finite element method. The optimal prefabricated hole is achieved through two iteration optimizations. The experiments for the compound-forming method are carried out to reveal the forming height and the wall thickness distribution mechanism. Both the simulation and experiment results are in good agreement, and the experimental results with the optimal prefabricated are that the maximum thickening rate is 38% and the maximum thinning rate is 14.67% which are satisfied with the requirements of practical production. Compared with the traditional rubber compound bulging forming with the same process parameters, the rupture occurs before the axial feed reaches the ideal feed. The new compound forming method using the prefabricated hole could effectively avoid fracture on the branch’s top. The comparison results are further verified to be the correctness of the prefabricated hole optimization model and the effectiveness of the new compound forming method.
Antimicrobial Resistance profiles of staphylococcus aureus in farming communities of Isingiro and Kamuli districts, Uganda
Authors: Kungu Joseph M , Tegule Sarah S , Awke Ilyas A , Namayanja Josephine , Namyalo Edity , Oposhia Joseph , Olum William , Nyakarahuka Luke , Kankya Clovice , Dahourou Dieudonné , Odoi Agricola 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is fast becoming a big challenge as resistance to multiple drugs is rising rapidly. The emergence of resistant Staphylococcus aureus worldwide is life-threatening in both humans and animals and yet little is known about the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in developing countries including Uganda. Therefore, the aims of this study were to: (a) determine the prevalence of AMR in S. aureus among humans and animals in two districts of Uganda; (b) assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAPs) of farmers in Uganda regarding AMR of S. aureus.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between July and September 2020 in 147 randomly selected cattle keeping households in Isingiro and Kamuli districts. A structured questionnaire uploaded in Kobocollect online data collection tool was used to assess farmers’ perceptions and practices pertaining to AMR in each of the selected households. Nasal swab samples were collected from both animals and humans (farmers), placed in Stuart Transport medium and taken to the laboratory for processing. Bacterial isolation and confirmation was done using gram-staining and biochemical tests. This was followed by Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. A cleaned Ms excel data file from Kobocollect tool was imported into STATA version 14 to generate descriptive statistics of the AMR patterns, farmers’ perceptions of AMR as well as the practices associated with AMR occurrence in the two districts.
Results: Only 14/147 (9.5%) cattle samples and 45/147(30.6%) human samples tested positive for S. aureus and, were assessed for AMR. All (100%) cattle S. aureus isolates were resistant to Nitroimidazoles while 92.9% were resistant to Penicillins. None of the isolates were resistant to Fluoroquinolones (0.0%) and Aminoglycosides (0.0%). All the 14 isolates exhibited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to at least one of the assessed antibiotics and 92.9% (13/14) showed evidence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Likewise, S. aureus human isolates showed high levels of resistance to Nitroimidazoles (100%) and Penicillins (93.3%), with none of the isolates having resistance to Aminoglycosides (0.0%), and only 1 exhibiting resistance to Fluoroquinolones (2.2%). All the 45 human isolates exhibited AMR to at least a one antibiotic while 93% (42/45) had MDR. Most farmers had good perceptions about AMR, with a significantly higher proportion of respondents from Isingiro showing a better understanding of AMR than those from Kamuli.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence of occurrence of AMR to antibiotics commonly used in both humans and livestock in Isingiro and Kamuli districts. There is a need to promote appropriate stewardship of antibiotics to minimize the risk of AMR.
Frogs reveal the global importance and interplay of colour-based protective and thermoregulatory functions
Authors: Laumeier Ricarda , Brändle Martin , Rödel Mark-Oliver , Brunzel Stefan , Brandl Roland , Pinkert Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent small-scale and experimental studies have shown that colour lightness variation can have important physiological implications, with darker species having greater heating rates, as well as protection against pathogens and photooxidative damage. Using data for 41% (3,059) of all frog and toad species (Anura) from across the world, we reveal ubiquitous and strong clines of decreasing colour lightness towards colder regions and regions with higher pathogen pressure and UVB radiation. The relative importance of pathogen resistance was higher in the tropics and that of thermoregulation was higher in temperate regions. These functions strongly influenced colour lightness evolution in anurans and filtered for more similarly coloured species under climatic extremes, while concurrent mechanisms resulted in high within-assemblage variation in productive regions. The findings establish three fundamentally important functions of colour lightness that were previously unknown in anurans, and they substantially broaden support for colour lightness–environment relationships in ectotherms.
Age-dependent divergent interactions between CX3CR1 absence and MK- 801 neonatal administration in a novel “dual hit” schizophrenia model
Authors: Méndez Felipe A. , Torres-Flores Mayra Itzel , Ordaz Benito , Peña-Ortega Fernando 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The diathesis–stress model of schizophrenia posits that a constitutive factor increases the vulnerability to secondary stressors. Alterations in neuron–microglia communication through the fractalkine pathway is a potential predisposing factor. Wild-type (WT) and Cx3cr1−/− (KO) mice of both sexes randomly received either a low (0.5 mg/kg) or high dose (1 mg/kg) of MK-801 or saline during early postnatal development. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed at a midpoint of the pharmacological protocol. Survival and growth rates were determined up to adulthood when innate behaviors, unconditioned anxiety, contextual memory and seizure susceptibility were evaluated, as well as hippocampal local field potential and sensory gating. Fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) depletion and MK-801 treatment had a synergistic effect, increasing neuronal apoptosis and overall mortality. Both factors independently induced long-lasting cognitive impairments in the wide array of tasks assessed. Low MK-801 dose treatment greatly augmented the mortality of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in WT mice, an effect prevented by CX3CR1 depletion. MK-801 treatment induced a shift in the power spectrum of the hippocampal local field potential towards higher frequencies that was averted in Cx3cr1−/− mice by an opposite shift. CX3CR1 depletion severely increases the vulnerability to neonatal NMDA antagonism with additional complex interactions regarding cognitive and neurophysiological effects.
Factors influencing the cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to aquaporin-4: a study of 87 patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Xie Chong , Peng Jing , Yu Feifei , Wang Kan , Bai Shuwei , Ding Jie , Gao Li , Zhao Nan , Wang Ze , Wang Yishu , Zhu Desheng , Guan Yangtai 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background:
Serum AQP4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) is the causative antibody of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). AQP4-IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of NMOSD patients were seldom studied. In this study, we measured antibody titers in time-matched paired CSF and serum samples and explored the relation between CSF AQP4-IgG and patient’s clinical features.
Methods:
A total of 137 NMOSD patients admitted in the department of Neurology of Renji Hospital from January 2016 to July 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. 87 patients with complete results of paired serum and CSF AQP4-IgG assay were included. Their demographic, clinical, laboratory data and MRI images were collected and analyzed.
Result:
In this study, 77 patients were seropositive for AQP4-IgG and 10 patients were seronegative. Among the 77 patients seropositive for AQP4-IgG, 47 were CSF-positive and 30 were CSF-negative, while no patients were CSF-positive in the 10 seronegative patients. Between the CSF-positive and CSF-negative groups, there were significant difference in expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores, relapse proportion, CSF IgG, and CSF IgM, and these indicators were higher in CSF-positive group. We also found a positive correlation between the serum and CSF titer (rs: 0.629, p<0.001). Further logistic multi-factor regression analysis of CSF AQP4-IgG titer revealed that only serum AQP4-IgG titer was ultimately included in the regression model (OR 1.004, 95% CI: 1.001-1.007, p<0.01).
Conclusion:
AQP4-IgG titer in CSF is mainly affected by serum AQP4-IgG titer. Higher EDSS and a higher presence of relapse status are more common in patients with positive CSF AQP4-IgG.
GABAergic neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens are involved in the general anesthesia effect of propofol
Authors: Yan Jing , Hang Bei-Ning , Ma Lin-Hui , Zhou Yue , Jiao Xin-Hao , Yuan Ying-Xuan , Shao Ke-Jie , Zhang Le-Meng , Xue Qi , Li Zi-Yi , Zhang Hong-Xing , Cao Jun-Li , Zheng Hui , Zhou Cheng-Hua , Wu Yuqing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The mechanism by which general anesthetic drugs modify the state of consciousness remains unidentified. In essence, the Nucleus Accumbens(NAc)may be directly engaged in the principle of general anesthesia. However, it is uncertain whether NAc GABAergic neurons play a role in the propofol-induced general anesthesia effect.
Methods
We used immunofluorescence and Western blotting to access the activities of NAc GABAergic neurons during propofol anesthesia, and then we utilized chemogenetic and optogenetic methods to investigate the necessity of NAc GABAergic neurons in the change of consciousness. Moreover, we also conducted behavioral tests to analyze anesthetic induction and emergence.
Results
We found out that c-Fos expression was considerably dropped in NAc GABAergic neurons after propofol injection. Notably, chemically selective stimulation of NAc GABAergic neurons during propofol anesthesia lowered propofol sensitivity, prolonged the induction of propofol anesthesia, and facilitated recovery; the inhibition of NAc GABAergic neurons exerted opposite effects. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of NAc GABAergic neurons promoted emergence whereas the result of optogenetic inhibition was the opposite.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that NAc GABAergic neurons modulate induction and emergence of propofol anesthesia.
Selective Hash-based Approach for Multicast Source Authentication in SDMN
Authors: Eltaief Hamdi , Kamel Ali El , Youssef Habib 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Multicast services offer a significant advantage of resource conservation for multicast senders and increase network efficiency by reducing network traffic. However, treating security concerns such as source authentication is important, especially for applications like online news, IPTV, video streaming, and stock quote distribution. Despite extensive research efforts to provide source authentication for multicast applications, there is no efficient approach that can effectively handle the requirements of the dynamic nature of multicast mobile receivers and networks. This paper provides an analysis of 22 years of research on source authentication mechanisms with non-repudiation. The majority of these mechanisms do not consider the dynamic nature of mobile users and networks. In response to this, we propose a new selective hash-based approach for multicast source authentication in Software Defined Mobile Network (SDMN). Using the advantages of the controller global view in SDMN, our approach is designed to operate in mobile and dynamic environments, provide non-repudiation, and tolerate packet loss. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism utilizes resources effectively, reduces communication and delay overhead, and works well in dynamic scenarios.
Sex differences in response to obesity and caloric restriction on cognition and hippocampal markers of autophagic-lysosomal pathway function
Authors: Baer Sadie B , Dorn Adrianah D , Osborne Danielle M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Obesity rates in the U.S. continue to increase, with nearly 50% of the population being either obese or morbidly obese. Obesity, along with female sex, are leading risk factors for sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Animal and clinical studies both indicate that autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) dysfunction is among the earliest known cellular systems to become perturbed in AD, preceding cognitive decline, yet little is known about how obesity and sex affects these cellular functions in an AD susceptible brain region, like the hippocampus. We hypothesized that obesity would negatively affect key markers of ALP in the hippocampus, effects would vary based on sex, and that caloric restriction would counteract obesity effects. Female and male mice were placed on an obesogenic diet for 10 months, at which point half were switched to caloric restriction. Cognitive function in female mice responded differently to caloric restriction based on whether they were on a normal or obesogenic diet; male cognition was only mildly affected by obesity or caloric restriction. Significant male-specific changes occurred in cellular markers of autophagy, including pAkt, pRPS6, Slc38a9, Atg7, and Atg12. In contrast females experienced changes due to diet/caloric restriction predominately in lysosomal markers including TFE3, folliculin, folliculin interacting protein 2, and pAMPK. Results support that hippocampal ALP is a target of obesity and that sex shapes molecular responses to dietary manipulation, while supporting the need to pivot beyond late-stage pathological markers and focus on earlier etiological events of AD that begin decades prior to cognitive decline.
Novel Score to Predict Immunoglobulin Resistance in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Natarajan Rupesh Kumar , Bhoopalan Senthil Velan , Cross Chad , Shah Rita , Rothman Abraham 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective:
To evaluate existing scoring systems and develop a new model to predict intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD).
Methods:
A retrospective cohort study performed between 2004 and 2017 identified 115 patients treated with IVIG for classic or incomplete KD. IVIG resistance was defined as fever for >24 hours and patients were divided into responders and non-responders. A univariate analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of IVIG resistance. The predictors were combined into a new scoring system and compared with existing scoring systems.
Results:
Sixty-five patients had classic KD and 50 had incomplete KD. Among the 115 patients, 80 (69.6%) responded and the remaining 35 were resistant (30.4%) to IVIG. Of the 35 resistant patients, 16 patients had incomplete KD. Hispanic children comprised 43% of our sample population. Coronary artery abnormalities developed in 14 of the 35 IVIG resistant patients (39%). Univariate analysis showed that IVIG resistant patients were older, and present with lower platelets, potassium, and creatinine (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis used platelets, potassium, body surface area (BSA) and creatinine to devise the Las Vegas Scoring System (LVSS), which demonstrated a sensitivity of 76.2 % and a specificity of 68.6 %.
Conclusion:
Compared to published data, we observed a higher rate of IVIG resistance and coronary artery abnormalities in our patient population. The LVSS (using platelets, potassium, BSA, and creatinine) showed higher specificity and comparable sensitivity to other scoring systems devised to predict IVIG resistance.
SVMCTI: Support Vector Machine-based Cricket Talent Identification Model
Authors: Reyaz Nahida , Ahamad Gulfam , Khan Naveed Jeelani , Naseem Mohd , Ali Javed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Recognizing sports talent is one of the intensively discussed topics in this day and age. Cricket is a sport of keen interest and has fascinated researchers all over the world to ponder and work in this domain. In this era of technological competence, incorporating technology in cricket talent identification is an incumbent task. Also, early-age talent identification is considered to be more beneficial as instead of wasting time and other resources on random performers, we can limit the training and spending on the talented performers that could yield better results. In this article, a machine learning-based approach is proposed for Cricket Talent Identification using SVM (RBF kernel) to classify a dataset of performers into talented performers (possessing cricketing talent) and non-talented performers (not possessing cricketing talent). The dataset has been collected from early-age performers taking into consideration the benefits of talent identification at early ages. The data have been gathered concerning various physical/motor, anthropometric, and cognitive abilities. Using the feature selection technique, the best-contributing parameters were determined and supplied to the model. After performing experimentation, the results were evaluated based on various evaluation metrics like Accuracy, precision, and f1-Score. we achieved an accuracy score of 96.42%, a precision of 0.94, and an f1_score of 0.96. The results obtained have been cross-validated using the 10-cross validation technique.
An In-depth Genomic Investigation to Design a Multi-Epitope Based Vaccine against Brucellosis
Authors: Hameed Alaa R. , Mohammed Bassam Qasim , Jassim Tabarak Sabah , Ahmad Sajjad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Brucella melitensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus that causes brucellosis in humans when they come into contact with infected animal meat or consumed raw milk. The lack of effective treatment and increasing antibiotic resistant patterns shown by B. melitensis warrant the search for novel therapeutic targets. In this study, comprehensive bioinformatics, reverse vaccinology, and biophysics techniques were employed to design a novel multi-epitopes-based vaccine (MEBV) against B. melitensis. Pan-genomics, subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatic studies revealed three core proteins: Flagellar hook protein (FlgE), TonB-dependent receptor, and Porin family protein as promising vaccine targets. The proteins have exposed topology, are antigenic, and are adhesin. Furthermore, B and T cell epitopes were predicted from these target proteins. Highly antigenic, immunogenic, and non-allergenic epitopes were shortlisted and used in the MEBV vaccine design. The designed MEBV also showed stable docked conformation with different immune receptors such as MHC-I, MHC-II, and TLR-4. It was found that all three systems showed robust binding energies with net binding energy < -300 kcal/mol. The van der Waals and electrostatic energies were the dominating energies and were found to be the stabilizing factors of complexes. The designed vaccine contains antigenic epitopes that were filtered using stringent criteria. The vaccine was also predicted to generate promising immunological responses and thus could be an attractive candidate for evaluation in experimental studies.
Results of a follow-up survey on "Russian-Ukrainian war, climate change, Covid-19, and economic worries in relation to current stress symptoms in the general public in Germany."
Authors: Plate Anna , Arnhold Lisa , Schäfer Maria , Heßmann Philipp , Schnell Thomas , Müller Matthias J. , Weierstall-Pust Roland 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Population stressors, such as the Covid 19 pandemic, climate change, the Russian-Ukrainian war, or a tense economic situation, are putting a strain on the well-being and mental health of Western populations. To examine the impact of such stressors, our group has recently published a study on the impact of current crises on subclinical stress symptoms in the German population. This short communication utilizes data from the latest second wave of this study. It evaluates, as to whether the results from the first study are still valid for the current and rapid changes in these population stressors. As in the first wave, the Russian-Ukrainian war was still rated as the most worrisome. However, the burden of the Covid 19 pandemic remains the most important predictor for subclinical stress symptoms.