bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micronutrient status in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Barišić A. , Ravančić M. E. , Majstorivić D. , Vraneković J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder. To date, the scientific literature regarding micronutrient status in children and adolescents with DS has not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, our aim was to provide a systematic review and meta‐analysis on this topic.MethodsWe identified all relevant case–control studies published by 1 January 2022, by searching the PubMed and Scopus databases for original English‐language articles analysing the micronutrient status of individuals with DS. Forty studies were included in the systematic review and 31 in the meta‐analysis.ResultsStatistically significant differences between individuals with DS (cases) and non‐DS (controls) (P ≤ 0.05) were obtained for zinc, selenium, copper, vitamin B12, sodium and calcium. Serum, plasma and whole blood analyses showed lower zinc levels in cases than controls {standardised mean difference [SMD] serum [95% confidence interval (CI)] = −2.32 [−3.22, −1.41], P < 0.00001; SMD plasma [95% CI] = −1.29 [−2.26, −0.31], P < 0.01; SMD blood [95% CI] = −1.59 [−2.29, −0.89], P < 0.00001}. Similarly, plasma and blood selenium concentrations were significantly lower in cases than controls (SMD plasma [95% CI] = −1.39 [−2.26, −0.51], P = 0.002; SMD blood [95% CI] = −1.86 [−2.59, −1.13], P < 0.00001). Intraerythrocytic copper and serum B12 were higher in cases than controls (SMD Cu [95% CI] = 3.33 [2.19, 4.46], P < 0.00001; SMD B12 [95% CI] = 0.89 [0.01, 1.77], P = 0.048). Blood calcium was lower in cases than controls (SMD Ca [95% CI] = −0.77 [−1.34, −0.21], P = 0.007).ConclusionsThis study provides the first systematic overview of micronutrient status in children and adolescents with DS and has shown that relatively little consistent research has been executed in this field. There is a clear need for more well‐designed, clinical trials to study the micronutrient status and effects of dietary supplements in children and adolescents with DS.
Cold anesthesia for pain reduction during intralesional steroid injection for nodulocystic acne
Authors: Park Su Jung , Shin Sun Hye , Koh Young Gue , Kim Gun‐Ho , Rho Nark Kyoung , Park Kui Young 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn any dermatologic procedure, patient acceptance of treatment is heavily influenced by intraprocedural pain. Intralesional triamcinolone injections are very important in keloid scar and nodulocystic acne treatment. However, the main problem of needle‐stick procedures is pain. Cryoanesthesia is ideally intended to cool only the epidermis during treatment and has advantage which did not require application time.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the pain‐reducing effect and safety of CryoVIVE® (newly introduced cryoanesthesia device) during triamcinolone injections for nodulocystic acne in actual clinical settings.Patients/MethodsIn this two‐staged, non‐randomized clinical trial, a total of 64 subjects underwent intralesional triamcinolone injections for their acne lesions with cold anesthesia using CryoVIVE®. The pain intensity was assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores. Safety profile was also evaluated.ResultsThe mean pain VAS scores on the lesion with and without cold anesthesia were 3.667 and 5.933, respectively (p = 0.0001). No side effects, discoloration, and scarring were observed.ConclusionIn conclusion, the anesthetic use of CryoVIVE® with intralesional corticosteroid injections is a practical and well‐tolerated modality.
Addressing the grand challenges of poverty with data‐driven creative service offerings
Authors: Akter Shahriar , Hossain Md Afnan , Hani Umme , Vrontis Demetris , Thrassou Alkis , Arslan Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBig data‐driven innovation gains momentum in the developing world by tackling grand challenges and making a pronounced and lasting impact. However, research has still not answered the key question regarding the dimensions of big poverty data analytics (BPDA) capabilities for creative service offerings nor their effects on economic and social outcomes. This study fills this gap by conducting a two‐phase Delphi study and two rounds of surveys focusing on a globally leading microcredit institute in a developing country. The study conceptualizes management (analytics climate, cross‐functional integration), platform (technology and data), and talent (pattern spotting and market ambidexterity) capabilities as the dimensions of BPDA capability. It further investigates creative service offerings (meaningfulness and novelty) as the mediator between BPDA—new service performance (economic outcome from the firm's end) as well as BPDA—quality of life (social outcome from consumer's end). Our research advances, first, the microfoundational view of dynamic capability (DC) theory in the emerging data‐driven innovation paradigm by specifically identifying the complementary and co‐specialization attributes of six microfoundations (i.e., analytics climate, cross‐functional integration, data, technology, pattern spotting, and ambidexterity). In addition to DC, our study extends social innovation literature by establishing the connection between the instrument (BPDA capability) and outcome view (quality of life) of social innovation to tackle grand challenges in the developing world. Finally, our study extends creativity theory by introducing creative service offerings as a mediator and highlighting its role in the novel and meaningful solutions to social problems. Overall, this study is a pioneer in conceptualizing and empirically validating a research model that uncovers the potentially complex nuances between BPDA capability‐creative offerings and innovation outcomes to tackle the grand challenge of poverty. Its findings are scholarly significant and executive worthy and constitute a major advancement in extant studies regarding how creative services are developed using BPDA and their impact on the firm's profitability and consumer well‐being.
Effect of pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolism on the survival of dogs treated with radiotherapy for pituitary macroadenomas
Authors: Rapastella Sofia , Morabito Simona , Sharman Mellora , Benoit Jérôme , Schiavo Luca , Morris Joanna , Dobson Jane Margaret , Scudder Christopher John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundRadiotherapy (RT) is an effective treatment for dogs presented with neurologic signs caused by pituitary tumors. However, its impact on the outcome of concurrent pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) is controversial.ObjectivesDetermine whether dogs with PDH have longer survival after pituitary RT compared with dogs with nonhormonally active pituitary masses and to evaluate whether clinical, imaging, and RT variables affect survival.AnimalsNinety‐four dogs divided into 2 groups: PDH and non‐PDH, based on the presence of hypercortisolism. Forty‐seven dogs were allocated to the PDH group and 47 to the non‐PDH group.MethodsRetrospective cohort study in which clinical records of dogs undergoing RT for pituitary macroadenomas between 2008 and 2018 at 5 referral centers were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsSurvival was not statistically different between PDH and non‐PDH groups (median survival time [MST], 590 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0‐830 days and 738 days; 95% CI, 373‐1103 days, respectively;P = .4). A definitive RT protocol was statistically associated with longer survival compared with a palliative protocol (MST 605 vs 262 days,P = .05). The only factor statistically associated with survival from multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis was total radiation dose (Gy) delivered (P < .01).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNo statistical difference in survival was identified between the PDH and non‐PDH groups, and longer survival was associated with higher Gy delivered.
Digital user rights and their enforcement: What is the copyright directive asking for?
Authors: Brieske Jasmin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArt 17 Directive 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market (CDSMD) offers not only a new perspective on service provider liability but also on user rights in the digital sphere of copyright law. The Directive obliges Member States to enable users of online content sharing service providers to assert the use of an exception or limitation before a court or another judicial authority. Hence, art 17 CDSMD foresees a subjective, that is, enforceable, right of the user deriving out of the exceptions and limitations of copyright and related rights. Yet, there is no clear guidance on how to transpose this requirement into national law, neither in art 17 CDSMD nor within the judgment of the CJEU in the annulment proceeding or the guidance of the EU Commission. This generates uncertainty for Member States, for which the concept of enforceable user rights is novel. The paper examines the requirements which art 17 CDSMD sets out for digital user rights and the difficulties for Member States to comply with them. The example of the German transposition of art 17 CDSMD shows that a high standard of user protection is not necessarily accompanied by a respective enforceability mechanism.
Bayesian neural networks with physics‐aware regularization for probabilistic travel time modeling
Authors: Olivier Audrey , Mohammadi Sevin , Smyth Andrew W. , Adams Matt 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe integration of data‐driven models such as neural networks for high‐consequence decision making has been largely hindered by their lack of predictive power away from training data and their inability to quantify uncertainties often prevalent in engineering applications. This article presents an ensembling method with function‐space regularization, which allows to integrate prior information about the function of interest, thus improving generalization performance, while enabling quantification of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. This framework is applied to build a probabilistic ambulance travel time predictor, leveraging historical ambulance data provided by the Fire Department of New York City. Results show that the integration of a non‐Gaussian likelihood and prior information from a road network analysis yields appropriate probabilistic predictions of travel times, which could be further leveraged for emergency medical service (EMS) decision making.
Phytochrome higher order mutants reveal a complex set of light responses in the moss Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Yuan Jinhong , Xu Tengfei , Hiltbrunner Andreas 
Published: May 2023

Summary

Phytochromes are photoreceptors enabling plants to respond to various light conditions. Independent gene duplications resulted in small phytochrome families in mosses, ferns and seed plants. This phytochrome diversity is hypothesised to be critical for sensing and adapting to different light conditions, but experimental evidence for this idea is lacking for mosses and ferns.

The moss model species Physcomitrium patens contains seven phytochromes grouped into three clades, PHY1/3, PHY2/4 and PHY5. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9‐generated single and higher order mutants to investigate their role in light regulation of protonema and gametophore growth, protonema branching and induction of gametophores.

We found both specific and partially overlapping roles for the three phytochrome clades in regulating these responses in different light conditions. PHY1/3 clade phytochromes act as primary far‐red light receptors, while PHY5 clade phytochromes are the primary red light receptors. PHY2/4 clade phytochromes have functions in both red and far‐red light. We also observed that PHY1/3 and PHY2/4 clade phytochromes promote gametophore growth in simulated canopy shade and also play a role in blue light.

Similar to seed plants, gene duplications in the phytochrome lineage in mosses were followed by functional diversification into red and far‐red light‐sensing phytochromes.
How to measure mast seeding?
Authors: Bogdziewicz Michał , Calama Rafael , Courbaud Benoit , Espelta Josep M. , Hacket‐Pain Andrew , Journé Valentin , Kunstler Georges , Steele Michael , Qiu Tong , Zywiec Magdalena , Clark James S. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe periodic production of large seed crops, or masting, is a widespread phenomenon in perennial plants. This behavior can enhance the reproductive efficiency of plants, leading to increased fitness, and produce ripple effects on food webs. While variability from year to year is a defining characteristic of masting, the methods used to quantify this variability are highly debated. The commonly used coefficient of variation lacks the ability to account for the serial dependence in mast data and can be influenced by zeros, making it a less suitable choice for various applications based on individual‐level observations, such as phenotypic selection, heritability, and climate change studies, which rely on individual‐plant‐level datasets that often contain numerous zeros. To address these limitations, we present three case studies and introduce volatility and periodicity, which account for the variance in the frequency domain by emphasizing the significance of long intervals in masting. By utilizing examples of Sorbus aucuparia, Pinus pinea, Quercus robur, Quercus pubescens, and Fagus sylvatica, we demonstrate how volatility captures the effects of variance at both high and low frequencies, even in the presence of zeros, leading to improved ecological interpretations of the results. The growing availability of long‐term, individual‐plant datasets promises significant advancements in the field, but requires appropriate tools for analysis, which the new metrics provide.
Achieving food security in Ghana: Does governance matter?
Authors: Asare‐Nuamah Peter , Amoah Anthony , Asongu Simplice A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study complements the extant literature by assessing the role of governance dynamics in food security in Ghana for the period 1980–2019. The empirical evidence is based on the fully modified ordinary least squares technique and governance is categorized into political (entailing political stability and voice and accountability), economical (consisting of regulatory quality and government effectiveness), and institutional (entailing corruption‐control and the rule of law) governance dynamics. The study finds that the engaged governance dynamics improve food security in Ghana. Policy implications are discussed with specific emphasis on the sustainable development goals.Related ArticlesAyanoore, Ishmael, and Sam Hickey. 2022. “Reframing the Politics of Natural Resource Governance in Africa: Insights from the Local Content Legislation Process in Ghana.” Politics & Policy 50(1): 119–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12449.Oehmke, James F., Sera L. Young, Godfrey Bahiigwa, Boaz Blackie Keizire, and Lori Ann Post. 2018. “The Behavioral‐Economics Basis of Mutual Accountability to Achieve Food Security.” Politics & Policy 46(1): 32–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12244.Pelizzo, Riccardo, and Zim Nwokora. 2018. “Party System Change and the Quality of Democracy in East Africa.” Politics & Policy 46(3): 505–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12255.
Men and women differ in their interest and willingness to participate in exercise and sports science research
Authors: Nuzzo James L. , Deaner Robert O. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnequal proportions of male and female participants in exercise research might be attributed, in part, to differences in interest and willingness to participate. We tested if men and women are equally interested and willing to undergo exercise research procedures and if they consider different factors when deciding to participate. Two samples completed an online survey. Sample 1 (129 men, 227 women) responded to advertisements on social media and survey‐sharing websites. Sample 2 (155 men, 504 women) was comprised of undergraduate psychology students. In both samples, men were significantly more interested to learn their muscle mass amount, running speed, jump height, and ball throwing ability, and more willing to receive electrical shocks, cycle or run until exhaustion, complete strength training that causes muscle soreness, and take muscle‐building supplements (all p ≤ 0.013, d = 0.23–0.48). Women were significantly more interested to learn their flexibility, and more willing to complete surveys, participate in stretching and group aerobics interventions, and participate in home exercise with online instruction (all p ≤ 0.021, d = 0.12–0.71). Women rated the following significantly more important when deciding to participate: study's implications for society; personal health status; confidence in own abilities; potential anxiety during testing; type of research facility; time to complete study; and invasiveness, pain/discomfort, and possible side effects of procedures (all p < 0.05, d = 0.26–0.81). Differences in interest and willingness to participate in research probably contribute to different proportions of men and women as participants in exercise research. Knowledge of these differences might help researchers develop recruitment strategies aimed at encouraging both men and women to participate in exercise studies.
Associations between blood donor sex and age, and outcomes of transfused newborn infants
Authors: Bahr Timothy M. , Christensen Thomas R. , Tweddell Sarah M. , Henry Erick , Rees Terry , Astin Mark E. , Kelley Walter E. , Ilstrup Sarah J. , Ohls Robin K. , Christensen Robert D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is controversial whether the sex or age of red blood cell (RBC) donors affects mortality or morbidities of transfused newborn infants. We assessed these issues using a multi‐year, multi‐hospital database linking specific outcomes of neonatal transfusion recipients with RBC donor sex and age.Study Design and MethodsWe performed retrospective analyses of all neonates receiving ≥ one RBC transfusion during a 12‐year period in all Intermountain Healthcare hospitals, matching mortality and specific morbidities of each transfusion recipient with the sex and age of each donor.ResultsThere were 6396 RBC transfusions administered to 2086 infants in 15 hospitals. A total of 825 infants were transfused exclusively with RBC from female donors, 935 infants were transfused exclusively with RBC from male donors, and 326 infants were transfused with RBC from both female and male donors. No differences in baseline characteristics were identified among the three groups. Infants who received blood from both male and female donors had more RBC transfusions (5.3 ± 2.9 transfusions if received both male and female donor blood vs. 2.6 ± 2.2 if received blood from only one sex, mean ± SD, p < .001). We identified no significant differences in mortality or morbidities associated with the sex or the age of blood donors. Similarly, an analysis of matched vs. mismatched donor/recipient sex revealed no associations with death or neonatal morbidities.ConclusionThese data support the practice of transfusing newborn infants with RBC obtained from donors of either sex and regardless of donor age.
Developing a Biomechanical Testing Setup of the Pelvis—Part II: Experimental Testing
Authors: Soliman Ahmed , Ricci Pierre-Louis , Kedziora Slawomir , Kelm Jens , Gerich Torsten , Maas Stefan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Biomechanical testbench emulating the physiological loading of the pelvis is crucial in developing reconstructive implants for fragility fractures of the pelvis. Additionally, it will help understand the influence of the common daily loading on the pelvic ring. However, most reported experimental studies were mainly comparative with simplified loading and boundary conditions. In Part I of our study, we described the concept of the computational experiment design to design and construct a biomechanical testbench emulating the gait movement of the pelvis. The 57 muscles and joints' contact forces were reduced to four force actuators and one support, producing a similar stress distribution. The experimental setup is explained in this paper and some experimental results are presented. In addition, a series of repeatability and reproducibility tests were conducted to assess the test stand capabilities of replicating the gait physiological loading. The calculated stresses and the experimentally recorded strains showed that the pelvic ring response to the loading always follows the loaded leg side during the gait cycle. Furthermore, the experimental results of the pelvis displacement and strain at selected locations match the numerical ones. The developed test stand and the concept of computational experiment design behind it provide guidelines on how to design biomechanical testing equipment with physiological relevance.
Numerical Simulation of Local Scour Around a Square Artificial Reef
Authors: Yang Mingda , Tang Yanli , Zhao Fenfang , Xu Shiji , Fang Guangjie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Artificial reefs (ARs) are one of the key anthropogenic constructs used to restore offshore fishery resources and recover the ecological environment. However, many ARs lose their stability and function due to scour. To ensure the functional effect of ARs, it is of great significance to study the factors causing AR instability, such as burying caused by scour under different flow conditions. In present study, a three-dimensional numerical model is established in FLOW-3D to study the local scour characteristics around an AR in steady currents. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, closed with the renormalization group (RNG) k–ɛ turbulence model, are established to simulate a stable flow field around one AR. The simulation results are compared with previous experimental results, exhibiting good agreement. The effects of the opening number and the incident angles of ARs on the scour characteristics, equilibrium scour depth, and maximum scour volume were also investigated. The results indicate that the scour depth and scour volume decreased as the opening number increased. Furthermore, empirical equations are proposed herein based on the numerical results derived for the effects of the AR opening number on the equilibrium scour depth and maximum scour volume. A change in the incident angle affected the bed shear stress at the most-upstream corner of the AR. The greater the bed shear stress was, the more intense the scour was. In this study, we provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the optimized engineering design and construction of ARs.
Design of an In Vitro Semicircular Canal Model and Its Use for the Study of Canalithiasis
Authors: Lu Shien , Zhang Wenxuan , Wang Zhi , Jiang Yani , Bian Yixiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCanalithiasis is a common vestibular system disorder, which may lead to a specific form of vertigo known as BPPV or top-shelf vertigo. In this paper, based on the actual geometric parameters of the human semicircular canal, we designed a four-fold in vitro one-dimensional semicircular canal model using technologies such as three-dimensional printing, image processing, and target tracking. We investigated the essential characteristics of the semicircular canal, such as the time constant of the cupula and the relationship between the number, density, and size of the canalith and the cupular deformation during canalith settlement. The results showed a linear relationship between the number and size of the canalith and the amount of cupular deformation. We also found that when the number of canaliths reached a particular scale, the interaction between the canaliths exerted an additional disturbance on the cupular deformation (“Z” twist). In addition, we explored the latency time of the cupula during canalith settlement. Finally, we verified that the canaliths had little effect on the frequency characteristics of the semicircular canal by a sinusoidal swing experiment. All the results validate the reliability of our 4-fold in vitro one-dimensional semicircular canal model.