bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐mitochondrial genomes of Nannizziopsis provide insights in evolution and detection
Authors: Powell Daniel , Schwessinger Benjamin , Frère Céline H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInfectious fungal diseases can have devastating effects on wildlife health and a detailed understanding of the evolution of related emerging fungal pathogen along with the ability to detect them in the wild is considered indispensable for effective management strategies. Several fungi from the genera Nannizziopsis and Paranannizziopsis are emerging pathogens of reptiles and have been observed to cause disease in a wide range of taxa. Nannizziopsis barbatae has become a particularly important pathogen of Australian reptiles with an increasing number of herpetofauna being reported with cases of infection from across the country. Here, we present the mitochondrial genome sequences and phylogenetic analysis for seven species in this group of fungi uncovering new information on the evolutionary relationship of these emerging pathogens. From this analysis, we designed a species‐specific qPCR assay for the rapid detection of N. barbatae and demonstrate its application in a wild urban population of a dragon lizard.
Computational investigation of MnIr and FeIr electrocatalyst for nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Li Chensi , Zhang Wei , Jia Meng , Song Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNH3 is not only an important component of agricultural and industrial production, but also an extremely promising energy carrier and storage intermediate. Currently, the Haber‐Bosch process used in industry for NH3 production has shortcomings such as high energy consumption and low output. The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) can improve the route and conditions of NH3 synthesis through high‐efficient electrocatalyst, and realize the production mode of high efficiency and low energy consumption. Therefore, the design and synthesis of the NRR electrocatalysts with high catalytic performance are very important. Here, the first principles calculation based on density functional theory was used to form alloy catalysts by using Mn and Fe atoms instead of nine Ir atoms on the surface of Ir(100), and the electrocatalytic performance of the NRR was systematically studied. The results showed that N2 could be stably adsorbed on Mn9@Ir(100) and Fe9@Ir(100) in the side‐on configuration. The possible reaction pathways were analyzed and discussed, and the enzymatic pathway was determined to be the best. Through the simulation of the entire NRR process, it was found that the limit potential was only −0.659 and −0.647 V for Mn9@Ir(100) and Fe9@Ir(100). In addition, the electronic properties of Mn9@Ir(100) and Fe9@Ir(100) were analyzed utilizing charge density difference and density of states, and the reasons for their high activity were obtained. We hope this work can not only reduce the number of noble metals and develop highly active catalysts, but also provide theoretical support and guidance for the catalytic mechanism of alloy electrocatalysts.
Inhibiting effect of a composite formulation of kinetic and thermodynamic inhibitors for gas hydrate formation in high water cut oil–water emulsion
Authors: Liu Yu , Duan Jiateng , Xu Dianqiang , Chu Jiawei , Shen Shi , Zhao Jiafei , Jiang Lanlan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn oil and gas exploitation and transportation, it is essential to avoid hydrate blockage in the wellbores and pipelines. Using kinetic inhibitors in composite with thermodynamic inhibitors can reduce the operational expenditure for oil and gas pipelines under high water content conditions. The phase equilibria of pure water natural gas system, oil–water natural gas system, and oil–water monoethylene glycol (MEG) natural gas system were first investigated by experiments and combined with software predictions in this study. The results showed that both mineral oil and MEG shifted the phase equilibrium of the system to high‐pressure and low‐temperature directions. The oil phase increased the effective temperature range of the compounding inhibitor. Then the hydrate inhibition performance and natural gas hydrate generation characteristics of the composite formulation of Luvicap 55w and MEG in oil–water emulsions and natural gas mixtures were investigated. With the increased subcooling, the induction time decreased sharply, and the gas consumption increased. The induction time increased with increasing MEG concentration, which verified the synergistic effect of MEG in oil–water emulsion for Luvicap 55w. The hydrate generation characteristics did not change much with increasing Luvicap concentration at the same temperature. In contrast, the hydrate induction time rose from 142.8 to >3500 min as the MEG concentration increased from 10 to 20 wt%.
Prospects of low‐temperature solid sorbents in industrial CO₂ capture: A focus on biomass residues as precursor material
Authors: Querejeta Nausika , Gil María Victoria , Rubiera Fernando , Pevida Covadonga 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdsorption using bio‐based adsorbents has been pointed out as an economical and environmentally benign technology for CO₂ gas separation and storage. A bio‐based adsorbent can be fabricated from low‐cost worldwide available biomass feedstock and bio‐wastes from different industries (e.g., dairy manure, forestry, agriculture). As a result, it is a carbon rich material of hydrophobic nature, activated to gain high porosity development, and requires mild regeneration conditions. However, large‐scale deployment of bio‐based adsorption processes remains challenging. Our group has been intensively developing biomass‐based adsorbents in conjunction with the design of tailored CO₂ adsorption‐based cyclic processes for the envisioned application. Herein, key concepts on adsorption technology, biomass waste management, and different activation techniques for biomass‐based adsorbent precursors are discussed. This review addresses the most relevant studies in the literature, from lab experimentation on a milligram scale (volumetric and gravimetric tests) to dynamic tests in bench or large‐scale cyclic adsorption processes (i.e., pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, vacuum swing adsorption). Therefore, the main target is to give a holistic view of the industrial applications where CO₂ separations with these materials are more suitable. Finally, concluding remarks and future perspectives of bio‐based adsorbents in carbon capture are presented. © 2023 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Correlations behind macrotrabecular‐massive and vessels encapsulating tumor cluster patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sun Yong‐Wen , Chen Yu‐Peng , Kan Shi‐Ji , Liu Ya‐Dong , Ruan Zhi‐bing , Gao Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMacrotrabecular‐massive hepatocellular carcinoma (MTM‐HCC) is a subtype of HCC with a very poor prognosis and exhibits biological behaviors and clinical presentations that distinguish it from conventional HCC. Vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) is a unique pattern of vascular growth that is more common in patients with MTM‐HCC. This unique interaction between the angiogenic system and tumor cells is of general interest. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of HCC with MTM and VETC patterns help prevent early recurrence and improve prognosis. This review summarizes the existing findings for HCC with MTM and VETC patterns.
Hydrogen bonds ofOCNHmotif in rings in drugs: A molecular electrostatic potential analysis
Authors: Haritha Mambatta , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe OCNH unit is one of the most frequently encountered structural motifs in rings in drugs which serves dual role as the proton donor through NH bond and proton acceptor through the CO bond. Here, we predicted the HB strength (Eint) of OCNH motif with H2O for commonly observed 37 rings in drugs with DFT method M06L/6‐311++G(d,p). The HB strength is rationalized in terms of molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) topology parameters ΔVn(NH)and ΔVn(CO)which describe the relative electron deficient/rich nature of NH and CO, respectively, with respect to the reference formamide. TheEintof formamide is −10.0 kcal/mol whereas theEintof ring systems is in the range −8.6 to −12.7 kcal/mol—a minor increase/decrease compared to the formamide. The variations inEintare addressed using the MESP parameters ΔVn(NH)and ΔVn(CO)and proposed the hypothesis that a positive ΔVn(NH)enhances NH…Owinteraction while a negative ΔVn(CO)enhances the CO…Hwinteraction. The hypothesis is proved by expressingEintjointly as ΔVn(NH)and ΔVn(CO)and also verified for twenty FDA approved drugs. The predictedEintfor the drugs using ΔVn(NH)and ΔVn(CO)agreed well with the calculatedEint. The study confirms that even delicate variations in the electronic feature of a molecule can be quantified in terms of MESP parameters and they provide a priori prediction of the HB strength. The MESP topology analysis is recommended to understand the tunability of HB strength in drug motifs.
Adipose tissue and hematopoiesis: Friend or foe?
Authors: He Na , Liu Min , Wu Yue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimHematopoietic stem cells are the origin of all hematopoietic cells. They have the self‐renewal ability and can differentiate into various blood cells. In physiological state, most of the hematopoietic stem cells are dormant, and only a few cells proliferate to maintain hematopoietic homeostasis.MethodsThis precise steady‐state maintenance is regulated by complex mechanisms. Bone marrow adipocytes make up half of all cells in the bone marrow cavity, a feature that has attracted the attention of researchers from multiple fields. The adipocyte density within marrow increases during aging and obesity.ResultsRecent studies have shown that bone marrow adipocytes play important roles in regulating hematopoiesis, but the effects of bone marrow adipocytes on hematopoiesis are often conflicting. Bone marrow adipocytes, participating in the formation of bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment, influence hematopoiesis positively or negatively. In addition, other adipose tissue, especially white adipose tissue, also regulates hematopoiesis.ConclusionIn this review, we describe the role of adipose tissue in hematological malignancies, which may be useful for understanding hematopoiesis and the pathogenesis of related diseases.
The effectiveness and mechanical properties of chemotherapy‐impregnated cement in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Goldin Amanda N. , Healey Robert M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBone cement is often used in the surgical treatment of Ewing sarcoma (ES). Chemotherapy‐impregnated cement (CIC) has never been tested in slowing ES growth. The purpose of the study is to determine if CIC can decrease cell proliferation, and to assess changes in the mechanical qualities of the cement. Chemotherapeutic agents including doxorubicin, cisplatin, etoposide, and SF2523 were mixed with bone cement. ES cells were plated and exposed to cell growth media that had contained CIC or regular bone cement (RBC) as a control, and cell proliferation assays were performed daily for 3 days. Mechanical testing on RBC and CIC was also performed. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in cell proliferation among all cells treated with CIC compared to cells treated with RBC by 48 h postexposure. Additionally, there was a synergistic effectiveness of the CIC noted when multiple antineoplastic agents were combined. Three‐point bending tests did not reveal substantial reductions in tolerated maximum bending load and maximal displacement at maximal bending load between CIC and RBC. Statement of Clinical Significance: CIC does appear to be effective at decreasing cell growth and does not appear to substantially alter the mechanical properties of the cement.
Challenging the assumption of uniformity in patellar tendon structure: Regional patellar tendon morphology and mechanical properties in vivo
Authors: Ito Naoaki , Scattone Silva Rodrigo , Sigurðsson Haraldur B. , Cortes Daniel H. , Silbernagel Karin Grävare 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPatellar tendons are assumed to be uniform in morphology and mechanical properties despite a higher prevalence of tendinopathies observed in the medial region. The purpose of this study was to compare the thickness, length, viscosity, and shear modulus of the medial, central, and lateral regions of healthy patellar tendons of young males and females in vivo. B‐mode ultrasound and continuous shear wave elastography were performed on 35 patellar tendons (17 females, 18 males) over three regions of interest. A linear mixed‐effects model (α = 0.05) was used to determine differences between the three regions and sexes followed by pairwise comparisons for significant findings. The lateral region (mean [95% confidence interval] = 0.34 [0.31–0.37] cm) was thinner compared with the medial (0.41 [0.39–0.44] cm,p < 0.001), and central (0.41 [0.39–0.44] cm,p < 0.001) regions regardless of sex. Viscosity was lower in the lateral (19.8 [16.9–22.7] Pa‐s) versus medial region (27.4 [24.7–30.2] Pa‐s,p = 0.001). Length had a region‐by‐sex interaction (p = 0.003) characterized by a longer lateral (4.83 [4.54–5.13] cm) versus medial (4.42 [4.12–4.72] cm) region in males (p < 0.001), but not females (p = 0.992). Shear modulus was uniform between regions and sexes. The thinner, and less viscous lateral patellar tendon may reflect the lower load the tendon experiences explaining the differences in regional prevalence of developing tendon pathology. Statement of Clinical Significance: Healthy patellar tendons are not uniform in morphology or mechanical properties. Considering regional tendon properties may help guide targeted interventions for patellar tendon pathologies.
Reduced angiogenesis and delayed endochondral ossification in CD163−/− mice highlights a role of M2 macrophages during bone fracture repair
Authors: Ren Youliang , Zhang Shiyang , Weeks Jason , Moreno Javier Rangel , He Bin , Xue Thomas , Rainbolt Joshua , Morita Yugo , Shu Ye , Liu Yuting , Kates Stephen L. , Schwarz Edward M. , Xie Chao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile recent studies showed that macrophages are critical for bone fracture healing, and lack of M2 macrophages have been implicated in models of delayed union, functional roles for specific M2 receptors have yet to be defined. Moreover, the M2 scavenger receptor CD163 has been identified as a target to inhibit sepsis following implant‐associated osteomyelitis, but potential adverse effects on bone healing during blockage therapy have yet to be explored. Thus, we investigated fracture healing in C57BL/6 versus CD163−/− mice using a well‐established closed, stabilized, mid‐diaphyseal femur fracture model. While gross fracture healing in CD163−/− mice was similar to that of C57BL/6, plain radiographs revealed persistent fracture gaps in the mutant mice on Day 14, which resolved by Day 21. Consistently, 3D vascular micro‐CT demonstrated delayed union on Day 21, with reduced bone volume (74%, 61%, and 49%) and vasculature (40%, 40%, and 18%) compared to C57BL/6 on Days 10, 14, and 21 postfracture, respectively (p < 0.01). Histology confirmed large amounts of persistent cartilage in CD163−/− versus C57BL/6 fracture callus on Days 7 and 10 that resolves over time, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated deficiencies in CD206+ M2 macrophages. Torsion testing of the fractures confirmed the delayed early union in CD163−/− femurs, which display decreased yield torque on Day 21, and a decreased rigidity with a commensurate increase in rotation at yield on Day 28 (p < 0.01). Collectively, these results demonstrate that CD163 is required for normal angiogenesis, callus formation, and bone remodeling during fracture healing, and raise potential concerns about CD163 blockade therapy.
Adjuvant radiotherapy after salvage surgery for melanoma recurrence in a node field following a previous lymph node dissection
Authors: Holtkamp Lodewijka H. J. , Lo Serigne N. , Thompson John F. , Spillane Andrew J. , Stretch Jonathan R. , Saw Robyn P. M. , Shannon Kerwin F. , Nieweg Omgo E. , Hong Angela M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAdjuvant radiotherapy (RT) can be given to melanoma patients following salvage surgery for node field recurrence after a previous regional node dissection, but the value of this treatment strategy is poorly documented. This study evaluated long‐term node field control and survival of patients treated in this way in an era before effective adjuvant systemic therapy became available.MethodsData for 76 patients treated between 1990 and 2011 were extracted from an institutional database. Baseline patient characteristics, treatment details and oncological outcomes were analysed.ResultsAdjuvant RT with conventional fractionation (median dose 48 Gy in 20 fractions) was given to 43 patients (57%) and hypofractionated RT (median dose 33 Gy in 6 fractions) to 33 patients (43%). The 5‐year node field control rate was 70%, 5‐year recurrence‐free survival 17%, 5‐year melanoma‐specific survival 26% and 5‐year overall survival 25%.ConclusionsSalvage surgery with adjuvant RT achieved node field control in 70% of melanoma patients with node field recurrence following a prior node dissection. However, disease progression at distant sites was common and survival outcomes were poor. Prospective data will be required to assess outcomes for contemporary combinations of surgery, adjuvant RT and systemic therapy.
Simultaneous Dual‐Color Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Lasing from Colloidal Quantum Well Gain Media in their Own Layered Waveguide and Cavity
Authors: Isik Ahmet Tarik , Shabani Farzan , Isik Furkan , Kumar Satish , Delikanli Savas , Demir Hilmi Volkan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicro/nanoscale semiconductor multicolor lasers offer great potential for enhanced‐performance photonic circuits. Colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) are excellent candidates as active materials for these platforms owing to their superior properties including suppressed Auger recombination and large absorption cross‐section. In this work, multicolor optical gain and lasing from the heterostructures of CQWs as the gain media in their own all‐solution processed optical cavity are proposed and demonstrated for the first time. Here, using a simple waveguide slab consisting of the thin films of green‐emitting CdSeS/Cd0.1Zn0.9S core/hot‐injection‐shell grown CQWs and red‐emitting CdSe/CdS@CdZnS core/crown@shell CQWs, a transparent low refractive index colloidal spacing layer of silica nanoparticles (NPs) is devised that critically suppresses otherwise detrimental nonradiative energy transfer between the green and red‐emitting CQWs. This multilayer configuration is key to enabling simultaneous amplified spontaneous emission behavior in two colors with low threshold levels. This layered architecture is further adapted to a whispering‐gallery‐mode cavity by fabricating a microdisk pattern directly out of these CQWs‐NPs‐CQWs colloids. The resulting device exhibits dual‐color multimode lasing both at 569 and 648 nm at the same time. This unique multicolor lasing layered architecture holds great promise for on‐chip photonic applications such as dual‐color biological imaging.
Convolutional neural network‐based model observer for signal known statistically task in breast tomosynthesis images
Authors: Jang Hanjoo , Baek Jongduk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince human observer studies are resource‐intensive, mathematical model observers are frequently used to assess task‐based image quality. The most common implementation of these model observers assume that the signal information is exactly known. However, these tasks cannot thoroughly represent situations where the signal information is not exactly known in terms of size and shape.PurposeConsidering the limitations of the tasks for which signal information is exactly known, we proposed a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based model observer for signal known statistically (SKS) and background known statistically (BKS) detection tasks in breast tomosynthesis images.MethodsA wide parameter search was conducted from six different acquisition angles (i.e., 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, and 60°) within the same dose level (i.e., 2.3 mGy) under two separate acquisition schemes: (1) constant total number of projections, and (2) constant angular separation between projections. Two different types of signals: spherical (i.e., SKE tasks) and spiculated (i.e., SKS tasks) were used. The detection performance of the CNN‐based model observer was compared with that of the Hotelling observer (HO) instead of the IO. Pixel‐wise gradient‐weighted class activation mapping (pGrad‐CAM) map was extracted from each reconstructed tomosynthesis image to provide an intuitive understanding of the trained CNN‐based model observer.ResultsThe CNN‐based model observer achieved a higher detection performance compared to that of the HO for all tasks. Moreover, the improvement in its detection performance was greater for SKS tasks compared to that for SKE tasks. These results demonstrated that the addition of nonlinearity improved the detection performance owing to the variation of the background and signal. Interestingly, the pGrad‐CAM results effectively localized the class‐specific discriminative region, further supporting the quantitative evaluation results of the CNN‐based model observer. In addition, we verified that the CNN‐based model observer required fewer images to achieve the detection performance of the HO.ConclusionsIn this work, we proposed a CNN‐based model observer for SKS and BKS detection tasks in breast tomosynthesis images. Throughout the study, we demonstrated that the detection performance of the proposed CNN‐based model observer was superior to that of the HO.
Investigating a deep breathing intervention to promote mental health in P‐12 schools
Authors: Robertson Adrianne , Mason E. C. M. , Placeres Vanessa , Carter Hannah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMental health factors can impact student academic performance and success. Student mental health concerns such as depression and anxiety and are a growing concern within P‐12 school systems. The dual pandemics of COVID‐19 and racial injustice have increased concerns about student mental health and exacerbated existing traumas particularly for students from marginalized populations. Trauma‐informed interventions that promote mental health in schools may be useful. Researchers utilized Consensual Qualitative Research to identify student mental health needs and outcomes for the implementation a deep breathing intervention in several schools in a large metropolitan city. The reasons for implementation, anticipated outcomes, reactions to intervention, perception of impact, and related personal experiences, as well as implications for practice and research, are all discussed.