bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune, Inflammatory, Atopic, Thyroid, and Psychiatric Outcomes of Offspring Born to Mothers With Alopecia Areata
Authors: Lee Ju Yeong , Ju Hyun Jeong , Han Ju Hee , Lee Ji Hae , Bae Jung Min , Lee Won-Soo , Lee Solam 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceAlopecia areata (AA) is associated with diverse autoimmune and psychiatric disorders. However, an investigation on the long-term outcomes for offspring born to mothers diagnosed with AA is lacking.ObjectiveTo investigate the risks for autoimmune, inflammatory, atopic, thyroid, and psychiatric outcomes of offspring born to mothers with AA.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective population-based birth cohort study used the linked birth registration database with the Nationwide Health Insurance Service database of Korea. The participants included all newborns born to mothers with 3 or more visits with International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code of L63 and 1:10 birth year, sex, insurance, income, and location of residence–matched control offspring born to mothers without AA during the years from 2003 to 2015. The analysis was conducted from July 2022 to January 2023.ExposureMaternal AA.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe occurrence of the following diseases was measured in newborns from birth to December 31, 2020: AA, alopecia totalis/universalis (AT/AU), vitiligo, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, mood disorder, and anxiety disorder. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed with the following covariates: birth year, age, insurance type, income level, location of residence, maternal age, mode of delivery, maternal history of atopic disorders, and autoimmune disorders.ResultsIn total, 67 364 offspring born to 46 352 mothers with AA and 673 640 controls born to 454 085 unaffected mothers were analyzed. The risk of AA (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.08; 95% CI, 1.88-2.30), AT/AU (aHR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.18-2.08), vitiligo (aHR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.32-1.63), atopic disorders (aHR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09), hypothyroidism (aHR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.25), and psychiatric disorders (aHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.11-1.20) was significantly increased in offspring born to mothers with AA. Among them, 5088 born to mothers with AT/AU were at much greater risk for the development of AT/AU (aHR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.48-6.00) and psychiatric disorders (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.12-1.44).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this Korean retrospective population-based birth cohort study, maternal AA was associated with the development of autoimmune/inflammatory, atopic, thyroid, and psychiatric disorders in their offspring. Clinicians and parents need to be aware of the potential for these comorbidities to occur.
Multifunctionality through Embedding Patterned Nanostructures in High‐Performance Composites
Authors: Kaynan Ozge , Hosseini Ehsan , Zakertabrizi Mohammad , Motta De Castro Emile , Pérez Lisa M. , Jarrahbashi Dorrin , Asadi Amir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite being a pillar of high‐performance materials in industry, manufacturing carbon fiber composites with simultaneously enhanced multifunctionality and structural properties has remained elusive due to the lack of practical bottom‐up approaches with control over nanoscale interactions. Guided by the droplet's internal currents and amphiphilicity of nanomaterials, herein, a programmable spray coating is introduced for the deposition of multiple nanomaterials with tailorable patterns in composite. It is shown that such patterns regulate the formation of interfaces, damage containment, and electrical‐thermal conductivity of the composites, which is absent in conventional manufacturing that primarily rely on incorporating nanomaterials to achieve specific functionalities. Molecular dynamics simulations show that increasing the hydrophilicity of the hybrid nanomaterials, which is synchronous with shifting patterns from disk to ring, improves the interactions between the carbon surfaces and epoxy at the interfaces,manifested in enhanced interlaminar and flexural performance. Transitioning from ring to disk creates a larger interconnected network leading to improved thermal and electrical properties without penalty in mechanical properties. This novel approach introduces a new design , where the mechanical and multifunctional performance is controlled by the shape of the deposited patterns, thus eliminating the trade‐off between properties that are considered paradoxical in today's manufacturing of hierarchical composites.
Thermal Imaging and Clandestine Surveillance using Low‐Cost Polymers with Long‐Wave Infrared Transparency
Authors: Tonkin Samuel J. , Pham Le Nhan , Gascooke Jason R. , Johnston Martin R. , Coote Michelle L. , Gibson Christopher T. , Chalker Justin M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith increasing use of infrared imaging in medical diagnostics, military and civilian surveillance, and navigation of autonomous vehicles, there is a need for low‐cost alternatives to traditional materials used in infrared optics such as germanium. Sulfur‐rich copolymers hold promise, as they are made from low‐cost feedstocks and have a high refractive index. In this report, cyclopentadiene is copolymerized with sulfur to provide a plastic with the highest long‐wave infrared transparency reported to date for this class of materials. Diverse lens architectures are accessible through melt casting or reactive injection molding. The featured copolymer is black, which enabled its use as an infrared‐transparent blind for protection of thermal imaging equipment and clandestine surveillance. These findings portend expanded use of sulfur copolymers in infrared optics.
Phenotypic trait variation in the North American Tragopogon allopolyploid complex
Authors: Jordon‐Thaden Ingrid E. , Spoelhof Jonathan P. , Viccini Lyderson Facio , Combs Joseph , Gomez Francisco , Walker Imari , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPremiseRecently formed allopolyploids Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus and their diploid parental species, T. dubius, T. porrifolius, and T. pratensis, offer a rare opportunity to study the earliest stages of allopolyploidy. The allopolyploid species have also been resynthesized, allowing comparisons between the youngest possible allopolyploid lineages and their natural, established counterparts. For the first time, we compared phenotypic traits on a large scale in Tragopogon diploids, natural allopolyploids, and three generations of synthetic allopolyploids.MethodsOur large common‐garden experiment measured traits in growth, development, physiology, and reproductive fitness. We analyzed trait differences between allopolyploids and their parental species, and between synthetic and natural allopolyploids.ResultsAs in many polyploids, the allopolyploid species had some larger physical traits and a higher capacity for photosynthesis than diploid species. Reproductive fitness traits were variable and inconsistent. Allopolyploids had intermediate phenotypes compared to their diploid parents in several traits, but patterns of variation often varied between allopolyploid complexes. Resynthesized and natural allopolyploid lines generally showed minor to nonexistent trait differences.ConclusionsIn Tragopogon, allopolyploidy results in some typical phenotypic changes, including gigas effects and increased photosynthetic capacity. Being polyploid did not produce a significant reproductive advantage. Comparisons between natural and synthetic T. mirus and T. miscellus are consistent with very limited, idiosyncratic phenotypic evolution following allopolyploidization.
Infection, nutritional status, and body composition: Associations at birth and 6 months postnatally in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Momberg Douglas J. , Bell Rachel , Norris Shane A. , Ngandu Christian B. , Richter Linda M. , Murphy‐Alford Alexia J. , Said‐Mohamed Rihlat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe impact of infection on infant nutritional status, body size, and growth is well documented. However, research into the impact of infection on infant body composition is limited. Greater understanding is, therefore, needed on the effects of infection in early life.MethodsAssociations between a composite morbidity index consisting of the sum of the cumulative tallies for a range of symptoms representing infection and morbidity in the infants and nutritional status (height‐for‐age (HAZ), and weight‐for‐height (WHZ)), and body composition (fat‐free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), fat‐free mass index (FFMI), and fat mass index (FMI)) at 6 months of age were investigated using hierarchical regression analysis.ResultsThe sample comprised data between birth and 6 months postnatally, of 156 infants who were a priori born healthy in Soweto, South Africa. Morbidity, over the cumulative period of birth to 6 months, was associated with lower FMI (β = −1.77) and lower FM (β = −0.61), and conversely with higher FFM (β = 0.94), in infants at 6 months. No associations were found between the morbidity index and FFMI, HAZ, and WHZ. Increased birthweight was associated with a higher FFM (β = 0.66), HAZ (β = 1.14), and WHZ (β = 0.87). Finally, safely managed sanitation facilities, representative of reduced environmental exposure to fecal‐oral transmission pathways were associated with a higher HAZ (β = 1.21).DiscussionReduction in FMI and FM and exposure to inflammatory cytokines associated with mounting an immune response could alter phenotypic trajectories during to this period of plasticity. From a public health perspective, these results imply that it is important to intensify efforts to prevent infection in infants in the first 6 months postnatally, and that these efforts should concentrate on access to safely managed sanitation facilities.
ConsCal: A tool to aid medical genetics professionals in consanguineous populations
Authors: Alkuraya Imen F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConsanguineous populations have a higher frequency of autosomal recessive diseases when compared to the rest of the world. This frequency is high enough that families in these populations may even have multiple autosomal recessive diseases. The recurrence risk calculation for the various combinations becomes increasingly more difficult as more recessive diseases are encountered in a family. Another challenge in these populations is investigating the pathogenicity of a variant by considering its segregation with the phenotype. Consanguinity causes the appearance of many homozygous variants due to the identity by descent phenomenon. As the number of these variants increases, so does the percentage of novel variants that need to be classified using segregation. Furthermore, the complexity of calculating the segregation power increases with the level of inbreeding, and in the case of consanguineous families, their pedigrees tend to be very complex. With the aim of addressing these two challenges using a mathematical algorithm, ConsCal, a tool made to specifically cater to medical genetics professionals working with consanguineous populations, was developed. The user‐friendly tool contains two primary functions. It simplifies recurrence risk calculations for any combination of autosomal recessive diseases and analyzes familial segregation data to assign a numerical value to the segregation power of a given variant to aid in its classification. As the use of genomics becomes more widespread, this tool can help address the growing need in calculating recurrence risk and segregation power in consanguineous populations.
Technical note: Measures of differentiation for quantitative traits
Authors: Relethford John H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStudies of anthropological genetics and bioarcheology often examine the degree of among‐group variation in quantitative traits such as craniometrics and anthropometrics. One comparative index of among‐group differentiation is the minimum value of Wright's as estimated from quantitative traits. This measure has been used in certain population‐genetic applications such as comparison with estimated from genetic data, although some inferences are limited by how well the data and study design fit the underlying population‐genetic model. In many cases, all that is needed is a simple measure of among‐group variation. One such measure is , the proportion of total phenotypic variation accounted for by among‐group phenotypic variation, a measure easily obtained from analysis of variance and regression methods. This paper shows that and minimum are closely related as . is computationally easy and may be useful in cases where all we need is a simple measure of relative among‐group differentiation.
Construction of Co4 Atomic Clusters to Enable Fe−N4 Motifs with Highly Active and Durable Oxygen Reduction Performance
Authors: Han Ali , Sun Wenming , Wan Xin , Cai Dandan , Wang Xijun , Li Feng , Shui Jianglan , Wang Dingsheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFe−N−C catalysts with single‐atom Fe−N4 configurations are highly needed owing to the high activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the limited intrinsic activity and dissatisfactory durability have significantly restrained the practical application of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Here, we demonstrate that constructing adjacent metal atomic clusters (ACs) is effective in boosting the ORR performance and stability of Fe−N4 catalysts. The integration of Fe−N4 configurations with highly uniform Co4 ACs on the N‐doped carbon substrate (Co4@/Fe1@NC) is realized through a “pre‐constrained” strategy using Co4 molecular clusters and Fe(acac)3 implanted carbon precursors. The as‐developed Co4@/Fe1@NC catalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.835 V vs. RHE in acidic media and a high peak power density of 840 mW cm−2 in a H2−O2 fuel cell test. First‐principles calculations further clarify the ORR catalytic mechanism on the identified Fe−N4 that modified with Co4 ACs. This work provides a viable strategy for precisely establishing atomically dispersed polymetallic centers catalysts for efficient energy‐related catalysis.
Deuterated TEKPol Biradicals and the Spin‐Diffusion Barrier in MAS DNP
Authors: Venkatesh Amrit , Casano Gilles , Rao Yu , De Biasi Federico , Perras Frédéric A. , Kubicki Dominik J. , Siri Didier , Abel Sébastien , Karoui Hakim , Yulikov Maxim , Ouari Olivier , Emsley Lyndon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy is considerably enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). In DNP polarization is transferred from unpaired electrons of a polarizing agent to nearby proton spins. In solids, this transfer is followed by the transport of hyperpolarization to the bulk via 1H‐1H spin diffusion. The efficiency of these steps is critical to obtain high sensitivity gains, but the pathways for polarization transfer in the region near the unpaired electron spins are unclear. Here we report a series of seven deuterated and one fluorinated TEKPol biradicals to probe the effect of deprotonation on MAS DNP at 9.4 T. The experimental results are interpreted with numerical simulations, and our findings support that strong hyperfine couplings to nearby protons determine high transfer rates across the spin diffusion barrier to achieve short build‐up times and high enhancements. Specifically, 1H DNP build‐up times increase substantially with TEKPol isotopologues that have fewer hydrogen atoms in the phenyl rings, suggesting that these protons play a crucial role transferring the polarization to the bulk. Based on this new understanding, we have designed a new biradical, NaphPol, which yields significantly increased NMR sensitivity, making it the best performing DNP polarizing agent in organic solvents to date.
Single‐Crystal to Single‐Crystal Transformations: Stepwise CO2 Insertions into Bridging Hydrides of [(NHC)CuH]2 Complexes
Authors: Patrick Evan A. , Bowden Mark E. , Erickson Jeremy D. , Bullock R. Morris , Tran Ba L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMechanistic studies of substrate insertion into dimeric [(NHC)CuH]2 (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) complexes with two bridging hydrides have been shown to require dimer dissociation to generate transient, highly reactive (NHC)Cu−H monomers in solution. Using single‐crystal to single‐crystal (SC‐SC) transformations, we discovered a new pathway of stepwise insertion of CO2 into [(NHC)CuH]2 without complete dissociation of the dimer. The first CO2 insertion into dimeric [(IPr*OMe)CuH]2 (IPr*OMe=N,N′‐bis(2,6‐bis(diphenylmethyl)‐4‐methoxy‐phenyl)imidazole‐2‐ylidene) produced a dicopper formate hydride [(IPr*OMe)Cu]2(μ‐1,3‐O2CH)(μ‐H). A second CO2 insertion produced a dicopper bis(formate), [(IPr*OMe)Cu]2(μ‐1,3‐O2CH)(μ‐1,1‐O2CH), containing two different bonding modes of the bridging formate. These dicopper formate complexes are inaccessible from solution reactions since the dicopper core cleanly ruptures to monomeric complexes when dissolved in a solvent.
A Radio‐Pharmaceutical Fluorescent Probe for Synergistic Cancer Radiotherapy and Ratiometric Imaging of Tumor Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Ge Xiaoguang , Su Lichao , Chen Zhongxiang , Zhu Kang , Zhang Xuan , Wu Ying , Song Jibin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) is an effective and widely applied cancer treatment strategy in clinic. However, it usually suffers from radioresistance of tumor cells and severs side effects of excessive radiation dose. Therefore, it is highly significant to improve radiotherapeutic performance and monitor real‐time tumor response, achieving precise and safe RT. Herein, an X‐ray responsive radio‐pharmaceutical molecule containing chemical radiosensitizers of diselenide and nitroimidazole (BBT‐IR/Se‐MN) is reported. BBT‐IR/Se‐MN exhibits enhanced radiotherapeutic effect via a multifaceted mechanisms and self‐monitoring ROS levels in tumors during RT. Under X‐ray irradiation, the diselenide produces high levels of ROS, leading to enhanced DNA damage of cancer cell. Afterwards, the nitroimidazole in the molecule inhibits the damaged DNA repair, offering a synergetic radiosensitization effect of cancer. Moreover, the probe shows low and high NIR‐II fluorescence ratios in the absence and presence of ROS, which is suitable for precise and quantitative monitoring of ROS during sensitized RT. The integrated system is successfully applied for radiosensitization and the early prediction of in vitro and in vivo RT efficacy.
Efficient Selective Oxidation of Aromatic Alkanes by Double Cobalt Active Sites over Oxygen Vacancy‐rich Mesoporous Co3O4
Authors: Liu Yali , Zheng Yuenan , Feng Danyang , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Ling , Song Xiaowei , Qiao Zhen‐An 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of efficient catalyst for selective oxidation of hydrocarbon to functional compounds remains a challenge. Herein, mesoporous Co3O4 (mCo3O4‐350) showed excellent catalytic activity for selective oxidation of aromatic‐alkanes, especially for oxidation of ethylbenzene with a conversion of 42 % and selectivity of 90 % for acetophenone at 120 °C. Notably, mCo3O4 presented a unique catalytic path of direct oxidation of aromatic‐alkanes to aromatic ketones rather than the conventional stepwise oxidation to alcohols and then to ketones. Density functional theory calculations revealed that oxygen vacancies in mCo3O4 activate around Co atoms, causing electronic state change from Co3+(Oh)→Co2+(Oh). Co2+(Oh) has great attraction to ethylbenzene, and weak interaction with O2, which provide insufficient O2 for gradual oxidation of phenylethanol to acetophenone. Combined with high energy barrier for forming phenylethanol, the direct oxidation path from ethylbenzene to acetophenone is kinetically favorable on mCo3O4, sharply contrasted to non‐selective oxidation of ethylbenzene on commercial Co3O4.
An exploratory study on the effect of mechanical stress on particle formation in monoclonal antibody infusions
Authors: Abdel‐Tawab Mona , Banerjee Srijib , Kirchner Roland , Wellenhofer Thomas , Hahn Lukas , Meinel Lorenz , Holzgrabe Ulrike , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred , Seidl Andreas , Stadler Franz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMonoclonal antibody infusions (mAb‐i) are administered for the treatment of various diseases. They are often transported over long distances from the compounding site to the site of administration. However, transport studies are typically carried out with the original drug product but not with compounded mAb‐i. To address this gap, the impact of mechanical stress on the formation of subvisible/nanoparticles in mAb‐i was investigated by dynamic light scattering and flow imaging microscopy. Different mAb‐i concentrations were subjected to vibrational orbital shaking and stored at 2–8°C up to 35 days. The screening revealed that pembrolizumab and bevacizumab infusions show the highest propensity for particle formation. Especially bevacizumab at low concentrations exhibited an increase in particle formation. Because of the unknown health risks associated with the long‐term application of subvisible particles (SVPs)/nanoparticles in infusion bags, stability studies carried out in the frame of licensing application procedures should also focus on SVP formation in mAb‐i. In general, pharmacists should minimize the time of storage and mechanical stress during transport, especially in the case of low‐concentrated mAb‐i. Moreover, if siliconized syringes are used, they should be washed once with saline solution to minimize particle entry.
Existence and stability of impulsive stochastic coupled systems in infinite dimensions
Authors: Yang Ni , Zhang Shuo , Su Huan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the exponential stability of a class of infinite‐dimensional impulsive stochastic coupled systems. With the help of generalized Itô's formula for the mild solution of infinite‐dimensional systems, we avoid limiting the domain of the mild solution. Then we use the combination of the Lyapunov function and graph theory to construct the Lyapunov function of the systems; the criteria of
‐th moment exponential stability are obtained, which is related to the average impulsive interval
and the connectivity of impulsive stochastic systems. In addition, noting that the existence may be affected by impulsive effects and stochastic perturbations, using the graph theory and the principle of contraction mapping, we get the condition that guarantees the existence and uniqueness, which is also related to the structure of the networks. Finally, we consider the stability of impulsive stochastic coupled heat equations and neural networks with reaction diffusion and give some numerical simulations to verify the theoretical results.