bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digestive system deep infiltrating endometriosis: What do we know
Authors: Yin Wenze , Li Xiaoqing , Liu Peng , Li Yingjie , Liu Jin , Yu Shan , Tai Sheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigestive system infiltrating endometriosis (DSIE) is an uncommon form of endometriosis in the digestive system. DSIE often occurs in the intestines (especially the sigmoid rectum), liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Clinically, DSIE presents with the same symptoms as endometriosis, including cyclic pain, bleeding and infertility, in addition to specific biliary/intestinal obstruction and gastrointestinal bleeding. Compared to general endometriosis, DSIE has unique biological behaviour and pathophysiological mechanisms. Most DSIEs are deep invasive endometrioses, characterized by metastasis to the lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels, angiogenesis, peripheral nerve recruitment, fibrosis and invasion of surrounding tissues. DSIE‐related peripheral angiogenesis is divided into three patterns: angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and inosculation. These patterns are regulated by interactions between multiple hypoxia‐hormone cytokines. The nerve growth factors regulate the extensive neurofibril recruitment in DSIE lesions, which accounts for severe symptoms of deep pain. They are also associated with fibrosis and the aggressiveness of DSIE. Cyclic changes in DSIE lesions, recurrent inflammation and oxidative stress promote repeated tissue injury and repair (ReTIAR) mechanisms in the lesions, accelerating fibril formation and cancer‐related mutations. Similar to malignant tumours, DSIE can also exhibit aggressiveness derived from collective cell migration mediated by E‐cadherin and N‐cadherin. This often makes DSIE misdiagnosed as a malignant tumour of the digestive system in clinical practice. In addition to surgery, novel treatments are urgently required to effectively eradicate this lesion.
Phase Ib study of anlotinib in combination with anti‐PD‐L1 antibody (TQB2450) in patients with advanced acral melanoma
Authors: Du Yu , Dai Jie , Mao Lili , Wei Xiaoting , Bai Xue , Chen Ling , Lin Jing , Chi Zhihong , Cui Chuanliang , Sheng Xinan , Lian Bin , Tang Bixia , Wang Xuan , Yan Xieqiao , Li Siming , Zhou Li , Guo Jun , Chen Yu , Si Lu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcral melanoma, the most common subtype of melanoma in Asians, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and responds poorly to current programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) inhibitors.ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of TQB2450 and anlotinib in patients with advanced acral melanoma in a phase Ib study (NCT03991975).MethodsPatients received TQB2450 (1200 mg every 3 weeks) and anlotinib (10 mg or 12 mg once daily, 2‐week on/1‐week off) in the dose‐escalation and dose‐expansion phases. The primary endpoints were dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and objective response rate (ORR).ResultsNineteen patients were enrolled between June 2019 and June 2022. The majority of patients (16 of 19 patients) received anlotinib and TQB2450 as first‐line treatment. No DLTs were observed, and MTD was not reached. Eighteen (94.7%) out of 19 patients experienced treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs), but most were grade 1 or 2. Grade 3 or greater TRAEs occurred in seven patients (36.8%). The ORR was 26.3% (two complete responses and three partial responses). The disease control rate was 73.7%. The median duration of response was 30.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.8–NA]. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.5 months (95% CI: 2.8–NA), and median overall survival was 20.3 months (95% CI: 14.8–NA). Whole‐exome sequencing suggested that acquired drug resistance might be attributed to activation of the MAPK signalling pathway and transformation to an immunosuppressive tumour environment.ConclusionsTQB2450 combined with anlotinib showed favourable tolerance and promising anti‐tumour activity with a prolonged PFS compared with anti‐PD1 monotherapy in patients with advanced acral melanoma.
Elemental analysis of vertebrae discerns diadromous movements of threatened non‐marine elasmobranchs
Authors: Grant Michael I. , Kyne Peter M. , James Julie , Hu Yi , Mukherji Sushmita , Amepou Yolarnie , Baje Leontine , Chin Andrew , Johnson Grant , Lee Tegan , Mahan Brandon , Wurster Christopher , White William T. , Simpfendorfer Colin A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRiver sharks (Glyphis spp.) and some sawfishes (Pristidae) inhabit riverine environments, although their long‐term habitat use patterns are poorly known. We investigated the diadromous movements of the northern river shark (Glyphis garricki), speartooth shark (Glyphis glyphis), narrow sawfish (Anoxypristis cuspidata), and largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) using in situ laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) on vertebrae to recover elemental ratios over each individual's lifetime. We also measured elemental ratios for the bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) and a range of inshore and offshore stenohaline marine species to assist in interpretation of results. Barium (Ba) was found to be an effective indicator of freshwater use, whereas lithium (Li) and strontium (Sr) were effective indicators of marine water use. The relationships between Ba and Li and Ba and Sr were negatively correlated, whereas the relationship between Li and Sr was positively correlated. Both river shark species had elemental signatures indicative of prolonged use of upper‐estuarine environments, whereas adults appear to mainly use lower‐estuarine environments rather than marine environments. Decreases in Li:Ba and Sr:Ba at the end of the prenatal growth zone of P. pristis samples indicated that parturition likely occurs in fresh water. There was limited evidence of prolonged riverine habitat use for A. cuspidata. The results of this study support elemental–environment relationships observed in teleost otoliths and indicate that in situ LA‐ICP‐MS elemental characterization is applicable to a wide range of elasmobranch species as a discriminator for use and movement across salinity gradients. A greater understanding of processes that lead to element incorporation in vertebrae, and relative concentrations in vertebrae with respect to the ambient environment, will improve the applicability of elemental analysis to understand movements across the life history of elasmobranchs into the future.
Work smart, not hard: How array tomography can help increase the ultrastructure data output
Authors: Kolotuev Irina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy has been essential for understanding cell biology for over six decades. Volume electron microscopy tools, such as serial block face and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy acquisition, brought a new era to ultrastructure analysis. ‘Array Tomography’ (AT) refers to sequential image acquisition of resin‐embedded sample sections on a large support (coverslip, glass slide, silicon wafers) for immunolabelling with multiple fluorescent labels, occasionally combined with ultrastructure observation. Subsequently, the term was applied to generating and imaging a series of sections to acquire a 3D representation of a structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Although this is a valuable application, the potential of AT is to facilitate many tasks that are difficult or even impossible to obtain by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Due to the straightforward nature and versatility of AT sample preparation and image acquisition, the technique can be applied practically to any biological sample for selected sections or volume electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, in addition to the benefits described here, AT is compatible with morphological analysis, multiplex immunolabelling, immune‐gold labelling, and correlative light and electron microscopy workflow applicable for single cells, tissue and small organisms. This versatility makes AT attractive not only for basic research but as a diagnostic tool with a simplified routine.
Decades of beauty: Achieving aesthetic goals throughout the lifespan
Authors: Cohen Joel L. , Goodman Greg J. , De Almeida Ada Trindade , Jones Derek , Carruthers Jean , Grimes Pearl E. , de Maio Maurício , Swift Arthur , Solish Nowell , Fagien Steven , Carruthers Alastair , Sangha Sara 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral elements, including age, influence judgments of beauty and attractiveness. Aging is affected by intrinsic factors (e.g., genetics, race/ethnicity, anatomical variations) and extrinsic factors (e.g., lifestyle, environment).AimsTo provide a general overview of minimally invasive injectable procedures for facial beautification and rejuvenation to meet the aesthetic goals of patients across their lifespan, organized by decade.MethodsThis case study review describes aesthetic considerations of females in their third to sixth decade of life (i.e., 20–60 years of age or beyond). Each case study reports the treatments, specifically botulinum toxin type A and soft tissue fillers, used to address aesthetic concerns.ResultsSigns of aging, as well as aesthetic goals and motivations, vary by age groups, cultures, and races/ethnicities. However, there are overarching themes that are associated with each decade of life, such as changes in overall facial shape and specific facial regions, which can be used as a starting point for aesthetic treatment planning. Appropriate patient selection, thorough aesthetic evaluation, product knowledge, and injection technique, as well as good physician‐patient communication, are essential for optimal treatment outcomes.ConclusionsNonsurgical facial injectable treatments can successfully enhance and rejuvenate facial features across different age ranges. A comprehensive understanding of facial aging and the aesthetic considerations of patients by the decade contributes to optimal treatment planning and maintenance.
How to improve infraorbital hollows with neuromodulators–A clinical prospective interventional study about the application of facial biomechanics
Authors: Germani Marcelo , Almeida Claudia C. M. S. , Munoz‐Lora Victor R. M. , Rogério Victor , Moelhoff Nicholas , Freytag David L. , Green Jeremy B. , Alfertshofer Michael , Davidovic Kristina , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundA previous injection algorithm termed the “Toxin Lift” was recently introduced and described volume increases in the midface following neuromodulator treatments of the jawline. Increase in midfacial volume due to soft tissue repositioning could also affect the severity of infraorbital hollows.ObjectiveThe objective is therefore to evaluate whether the severity of infraorbital hollows can be improved by injecting neuromodulators in the supra‐mandibular segment of the platysma.Materials and MethodsA total of 35 volunteers (11 males/24 females) with a mean age of 39.8 (9.6) years and a mean BMI of 25.2 (5.2) kg/m2 were investigated. Bilateral infraorbital regions were evaluated via clinical assessment and semi‐quantitative 3D imaging. The applied injection technique targeted the platysma via four injection points administering 5 I.U. per injection point resulting in a total of 20 I.U. per facial side.ResultsVolume increase of the infraorbital region was 0.13 cc at 15 days (p = 0.001) and was 0.02 cc at 30 days (p = 0.452) whereas the skin displacement in cranial direction was 0.54 mm at 15 days (p < 0.001) and was 0.31 mm at 30 days (p < 0.001). Clinical evaluation revealed a highly statistically significant improvement of the tear trough, palpaebromalar groove, and of the lid‐cheek junction when compared to baseline with all p < 0.001.ConclusionThe results of this clinical prospective interventional analysis revealed that the “Toxin Lift” injection technique is capable to improve the clinical appearance of infraorbital hollows. The effects can be explained by the concepts of facial biomechanics.
The relationships between sediment findings and culture results and the presence of proteinuria in canine urine samples
Authors: Fulton E. A. , Weir W. , Czopowicz M. , McBrearty A. R. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo assess relationships between urine sediment and microbial culture findings and the presence of proteinuria in canine urine samples, and to assess the change in the percentage of proteinuric samples and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio when urine abnormalities resolve.Materials and MethodsCanine urine samples collected via cystocentesis and submitted for culture and contemporaneous urinalysis (including urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio) were retrospectively identified. Dogs receiving corticosteroids were excluded. Associations between haematuria (red blood cells>5/high‐power field), pyuria (white blood cells>5/high‐power field), presence of microorganisms on microscopy, active sediment, and positive culture and proteinuria (urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio>0.5) were investigated. Patient characteristics were considered possible confounders. In dogs with repeat urinalysis, the associations between active sediment and positive culture resolution on proteinuria and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio were assessed.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐two of 491 samples were proteinuric (39.1%). Age was positively associated with proteinuria. In the multivariable analysis corrected for age, active sediment was the only variable significantly associated with proteinuria (adjusted odds ratio: 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.44 to 3.11); however, only 49.8% of samples with active sediment were proteinuric. Neither resolution of active sediment nor positive culture were associated with reduced proportions of proteinuric samples (from 57.9% to 42.1% and from 40.0% to 25.0%, respectively) or significant reductions in urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (median change: −0.16 and −0.14, respectively).Clinical SignificanceAttributing proteinuria to urinalysis abnormalities or a positive urine culture in canine cystocentesis samples is not supported by our findings, and could result in alternative causes of proteinuria (e.g. renal proteinuria) being overlooked.
Fine‐scale variation in the effect of the cushion plantAzorella selagoon vascular plants, mosses, hepatics and lichens in the sub‐Antarctic
Authors: Buyens Isabelle Patricia Rita , Raath‐Krüger Morgan Jade , Haddad William A. , le Roux Peter Christiaan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuestionPlant–plant interactions can strongly influence community structure and composition. The outcome of these interactions can vary considerably across space and is often linked to environmental conditions, with, for example, a higher prevalence of facilitative interactions typically being observed under greater environmental severity. To date, most studies have documented shifts from competitive to facilitative (or neutral) plant–plant and plant–lichen interactions along gradients of increasing environmental severity from pairwise interspecific interactions. However, few studies have examined if the outcome of these interactions for different taxonomic groups is dependent on environmental conditions across multiple environmental stress gradients.LocationSub‐Antarctic Marion Island.MethodsWe examine community‐level variation in the response of four taxa (i.e., vascular plants, hepatics, mosses, and lichens) to an interaction with a long‐lived cushion plant species (Azorella selago) that ameliorates microenvironmental conditions, testing how the effect of the cushion plant on the taxa varies along multiple stress gradients at the scale of a landform.ResultsContrary to expectations, even when considering multiple proximate predictor variables, fine‐scale spatial variation in the effect ofA. selagoon the taxa could not be explained. However, the outcome of the interaction withA. selagodiffered between taxonomic groups, with vascular plants benefitting and the non‐vascular taxa experiencing neutral or negative impacts.ConclusionsThis study highlights that the impacts of biotic interactions cannot always be generalized across plant groups, and that it is necessary to consider taxon‐specific responses when predicting community‐level impacts of biotic interactions. More generally, we demonstrate how complex spatial variation in environmental stressors can be explicitly considered when modelling variation in the outcome of plant–plant interactions.
Multiply‐translated Chaucer in the Korean classroom
Authors: Park Yea Jung 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a teaching experiment that uses a set of local translations of a European medieval text—in this case, Korean translations of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales—as teaching texts in the Korean classroom alongside the original work. Students compare a range of translations dating from all periods of the 20th century, including one from as early as 1915 and others from the 1960s, 1980s, and 2000s. Tracking the variety of translation methods and different linguistic and artistic choices employed by these multiple translations allows even students unfamiliar with Middle English to gain a better sense of the particulars of Chaucer's language and character‐making. Treating translation itself as a creative mode, this paper argues that even bad translations and messy histories of linguistic interference can be put to productive pedagogical use. Recuperated local translation archives can be used in the teaching of Middle English literature by helping students understand Chaucer's own positionality as a translator and compiler. Such archives also contribute to the study of comparative literature more broadly as they present case studies of how ideas of world literature are formed over time and space, and encourage a critical engagement with the canon even as it is being taught.
Evolutionary dynamics of Euphorbia carniolica suggest a complex Plio–Pleistocene history of understorey species of deciduous forest in southeastern Europe
Authors: Kirschner Philipp , Záveská Eliška , Hülber Karl , Wessely Johannes , Willner Wolfgang , Schönswetter Peter , Frajman Božo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeciduous forests form the dominant natural vegetation of Europe today, but were restricted to small refugia during Pleistocene cold stages, implying an evolutionary past shaped by recurrent range contractions and expansions. Cold‐stage forest refugia were probably widespread in southern and central Europe, with the northwestern Balkan Peninsula being of particular importance. However, the actual number and location of deciduous forest refugia, as well as the connections between them, remain disputed. Here, we address the evolutionary dynamics of the deciduous forest understorey species Euphorbia carniolica as a proxy for past forest dynamics. To do so, we obtained genomic and morphometric data from populations representing the species' entire range, investigated phylogenetic position and intraspecific genetic variation, tested explicit demographic scenarios and applied species distribution models. Our data support two disjoint groups linked to separate refugia on the northwestern and central Balkan Peninsula. We find that genetic differentiation between groups started in the early Pleistocene via vicariance, suggesting a larger distribution in the past. Both refugia acted as sources for founder events to the southeastern Alps and the Carpathians; the latter were likely colonised before the last cold stage. In line with traditional views on the pre‐Pleistocene origin of many southeastern European deciduous forest species, the origin of E. carniolica was dated to the late Pliocene. The fact that E. carniolica evolved at a time when a period of continuous forestation was ending in much of Eurasia provides an interesting biogeographical perspective on the past links between Eurasian deciduous forests and their biota.
Can demographic histories explain long‐term isolation and recent pulses of asymmetric gene flow between highly divergent grey fox lineages?
Authors: Preckler‐Quisquater Sophie , Kierepka Elizabeth M. , Reding Dawn M. , Piaggio Antoinette J. , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSecondary contact zones between deeply divergent, yet interfertile, lineages provide windows into the speciation process. North American grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) are divided into western and eastern lineages that diverged approximately 1 million years ago. These ancient lineages currently hybridize in a relatively narrow zone of contact in the southern Great Plains, a pattern more commonly observed in smaller‐bodied taxa, which suggests relatively recent contact after a long period of allopatry. Based on local ancestry inference with whole‐genome sequencing (n = 43), we identified two distinct Holocene pulses of admixture. The older pulse (500–3500 YBP) reflected unidirectional gene flow from east to west, whereas the more recent pulse (70–200 YBP) of admixture was bi‐directional. Augmented with genotyping‐by‐sequencing data from 216 additional foxes, demographic analyses indicated that the eastern lineage declined precipitously after divergence, remaining small throughout most of the late Pleistocene, and expanding only during the Holocene. Genetic diversity in the eastern lineage was highest in the southeast and lowest near the contact zone, consistent with a westward expansion. Concordantly, distribution modelling indicated that during their isolation, the most suitable habitat occurred far east of today's contact zone or west of the Great Plains. Thus, long‐term isolation was likely caused by the small, distant location of the eastern refugium, with recent contact reflecting a large increase in suitable habitat and corresponding demographic expansion from the eastern refugium. Ultimately, long‐term isolation in grey foxes may reflect their specialized bio‐climatic niche. This system presents an opportunity for future investigation of potential pre‐ and post‐zygotic isolating mechanisms.
Synthetic‐to‐realistic domain adaptation for cold‐start of rail inspection systems
Authors: Huang Qilong , Wang Jianzhu , Song Yixiao , Cui Wenkai , Li Hailang , Wang Shengchun , Dai Peng , Zhao Xinxin , Li Qingyong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRail surface defects are potential danger factors for railway systems, and visual inspection of surface defects plays a vital role in rail maintenance. Recently, the methods based on deep learning have been widely used in rail inspection systems, but such systems often face the problem of a lack of defect samples for training deep learning models at start‐up, which is called the cold‐start problem. It is challenging to obtain sufficient defect samples since defects are sparse and even non‐existent for a running railway system. Therefore, a synthetic‐to‐realistic domain adaptation (SRDA) method is proposed for real‐world rail inspection. SRDA adapts synthetic images to look more realistic for reducing the domain gap between synthetic images and realistic rail surface images and obtains translated images that consist of synthetic defect information and realistic rail background. After that, the translated images are used to train a detector for rail inspection of rail surface defects. In order to make the detector more robust to complex backgrounds, SRDA generates images with the same defect‐level semantics but with different texture appearances and makes the detector align these images in the learned feature space. In addition, the synthetic and realistic rail surface defects (SRRSD) dataset containing 20,662 images is built. The experimental results on SRRSD show that SRDA achieves higher detection performance than other established domain adaption methods with 19.0% for and 26.7% for average precision.