bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competitive Cross-Country Skiers Have Longer Time to Exhaustion Than Recreational Cross-Country Skiers During Intermittent Work Intervals Normalized to Their Maximal Aerobic Power
Authors: Holsbrekken Eivind , Gløersen Øyvind , Lund-Hansen Magne , Losnegard Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To investigate differences in time to exhaustion (TTE), O2 uptake (), and accumulated O2 deficit () between competitive and recreational cross-country (XC) skiers during an intermittent-interval protocol standardized for maximal aerobic power (MAP). Methods: Twelve competitive (maximal ) and 10 recreational () male XC skiers participated. All tests were performed on a rollerski treadmill in the V2 ski-skating technique. To quantify MAP and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), the skiers performed a steady-state submaximal test followed by a 1000-m time trial. After a 60-minute break, TTE, , and accumulated were measured during an intermittent-interval protocol (40-s work and 20-s recovery), which was individually tailored to 120% and 60% of each subject’s MAP. Results: During the 1000-m time trial, the competitive skiers had 21% (95% CI, 12%–30%) shorter finish time and 24% (95% CI, 14%–34%) higher MAP (all P < .01) than the recreational skiers. No difference was observed in relative exercise intensity (average power/MAP; P = .28), MAOD (P = .18), or fractional utilization of . During the intermittent-interval protocol, the competitive skiers had 34% (95% CI, 3%–65%) longer TTE (P = .03) and accumulated 61% (95% CI, 27%–95%) more (P = .001) than the recreational skiers during work phases. Conclusions: Competitive XC skiers have longer TTE and accumulate more than recreational XC skiers during an intermittent-interval protocol at similar intensity relative to MAP. This implies that performance in intermittent endurance sports is related to the ability to repeatedly recharge fractions of MAOD.
Toward a General Theory of Classroom Teachers’ Movement Integration
Authors: Webster Collin A. 
Published: August 2023

The use of regular classroom time during school to increase children’s and adolescents’ daily physical activity—a practice known as movement integration (MI)—has gained substantial traction in research internationally as an evidence-based strategy for enhancing students’ health and academic performance, yet it remains underutilized and largely subject to teachers’ discretion. Understanding and explaining teachers’ use of MI are, therefore, key areas of focus for researchers, teacher educators, and interventionists. Research on MI implementation is informed by multiple theoretical lenses, but the discipline lacks cohesion. The proposed unifying framework in this article coalesces three relevant strands of inquiry: (a) stages of influence on MI, (b) factors of influence on MI, and (c) conceptualizing MI. The framework reflects the burgeoning knowledge base related to MI implementation and is an attempt to advance the field toward a general theory that can more clearly and coherently guide research and professional practice.
Foot-and-mouth disease virus downregulates vacuolar protein sorting 28 to promote viral replication
Authors: Wang Xuefei , Abdullah Sahibzada Waheed , Wu Jin'en , Tang Jianli , Zhang Yun , Dong Hu , Bai Manyuan , Wei Sumin , Sun Shiqi , Guo Huichen 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Vacuolar protein sorting 28 (Vps28), a component of the ESCRT-I (endosomal sorting complex required for transport I), plays an important role in the pathogen life cycle. Here, we investigated the reciprocal regulation between Vps28 and the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Overexpression of Vps28 decreased FMDV replication. On the contrary, the knockdown of Vps28 increased viral replication. Subsequently, the mechanistic study showed that Vps28 destabilized the replication complex (RC) by associating with 3A rather than 2C protein. In addition, Vps28 targeted FMDV VP0, VP1, and VP3 for degradation to inhibit viral replication. To counteract this, FMDV utilized tactics to restrict Vps28 to promote viral replication. FMDV degraded Vps28 mainly through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Additional data demonstrated that 2B and 3A proteins recruited E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 21 to degrade Vps28 at Lys58 and Lys25, respectively, and FMDV 3C
pro
degraded Vps28 through autophagy and its protease activity. Meantime, the 3C
pro
-mediated Vps28 degradation principally alleviated the ability to inhibit viral propagation. Intriguingly, we also demonstrated that the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of Vps28 were responsible for the suppression of FMDV replication, which suggested the elaborated counteraction between FMDV and Vps28. Collectively, our results first investigate the role of ESCRTs in host defense against picornavirus and unveil underlying strategies utilized by FMDV to evade degradation machinery for triumphant propagation.

IMPORTANCE
ESCRT machinery plays positive roles in virus entry, replication, and budding. However, little has been reported on its negative regulation effects during viral infection. Here, we uncovered the novel roles of ESCRT-I subunit Vps28 on FMDV replication. The data indicated that Vps28 destabilized the RC and impaired viral structural proteins VP0, VP1, and VP3 to inhibit viral replication. To counteract this, FMDV hijacked intracellular protein degradation pathways to downregulate Vps28 expression and thus promoted viral replication. Our findings provide insights into how ESCRT regulates pathogen life cycles and elucidate additional information regarding FMDV counteraction of host antiviral activity.
Importance of genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in cats during reverse zoonosis events: potential viral evolution may occur
Authors: Barroso-Arévalo Sandra , Díaz-Frutos Marta , Domínguez Lucas , Sánchez-Vizcaíno José M. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
The apparition of new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and lineages is constantly happening because of the high viral mutation rate. Since numerous reverse zoonosis events have been reported so far, genomic surveillance should be conducted in susceptible species to evaluate potential adaptations that may trigger the apparition of new variants. Here, we evaluate the evolution of the infection in a cat naturally infected in parallel with its owner, performing a comparative phylogenetic analysis. Sequencing analysis showed that both were infected with the Omicron BA.5/BF.1 lineage and revealed the presence of nucleotide substitution in the viral genome recovered from the cat with respect to the viral genome from the human sample. This nucleotide substitution (C11897A) produced the amino acid change Orf1a: Q3878K. Therefore, genomic surveillance in the case of reverse zoonosis events is still necessary in order to control possible adaptations of the virus to other susceptible species.

IMPORTANCE
Genomic surveillance of pets for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is important to monitor the emergence of new variants of the virus associated with these animals. Pets can serve as a potential reservoir for the virus, and their close contact with humans increases the risk of transmission. By conducting genomic surveillance in pets, it is possible to detect and track new variants early on, allowing for more effective control measures to be put in place. This can help prevent the spread of these variants to human populations and potentially mitigate the impact of the pandemic. Furthermore, it may also provide insight into the evolution and spread of the virus within the animal population.
Eruptive dynamics reflect crustal structure and mantle productivity beneath volcanoes
Authors: Higgins Oliver , Caricchi Luca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Volcanoes exhibit a wide range of eruptive and geochemical behavior, which has significant implications for their associated risk. The suggested first-order drivers of intervolcanic diversity invoke a combination of crustal and mantle processes. To better constrain mantle-crustal-volcanic coupling, we used the well-studied Lesser Antilles island arc. Here, we show that melt flux from the mantle, identified by proxy in the form of boron isotopes in melt inclusions, correlates with the long-term volcanic productivity, the volcanic edifice height, and the geophysically defined along-arc crustal structure. These features are the consequence of a variable melt flux modulating the pressure-temperature-composition structure of the crust, which we inverted from xenolith mineral chemistry. Mafic to intermediate melts reside at relatively constant temperature (981 ± 52 °C; 2σ) in the middle crust (3.5–7.1 kbar), whereas chemically evolved (rhyolitic) melts are stored predominantly in the upper crust (&lt;3.5 kbar) at maximum depths that vary geophysically along the arc (6–15 km). Our findings are applicable worldwide, where we see similar correlations among average magma geochemistry, eruptive magnitude, and rate of magma input.
Associations between vision impairment and vision-related interventions on crash risk and driving cessation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nguyen Helen , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Coxon Kristy , Brown Julie , Ren Kerrie , Ramke Jacqueline , Burton Matthew J , Gordon Iris , Zhang Justine H , Furtado João , Mdala Shaffi , Kitema Gatera Fiston , Keay Lisa 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo systematically investigate the associations between vision impairment and risk of motor vehicle crash (MVC) involvement, and evaluate vision-related interventions to reduce MVCs.DesignMedline (Ovid), EMBASE and Global Health electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2022 for observational and interventional English-language studies. Screening, data extraction and appraisals using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools were completed by two reviewers independently. Where appropriate, measures of association were converted into risk ratios (RRs) or ORs for meta-analysis.ParticipantsDrivers of four-wheeled vehicles of all ages with no cognitive declines.Primary and secondary outcomesMVC involvement (primary) and driving cessation (secondary).Results101 studies (n=778 052) were included after full-text review. 57 studies only involved older drivers (≥65 years) and 85 were in high-income settings. Heterogeneity in the data meant that most meta-analyses were underpowered as only 25 studies, further split into different groups of eye diseases and measures of vision, could be meta-analysed. The limited evidence from the meta-analyses suggests that visual field defects (four studies; RR 1.51 (95% CI 1.23, 1.85); p<0.001; I2=46.79%), and contrast sensitivity (two studies; RR 1.40 (95% CI 1.08, 1.80); p=0.01, I2=0.11%) and visual acuity loss (five studies; RR 1.21 (95% CI 1.02, 1.43); p=0.03, I2=28.49%) may increase crash risk. The results are more inconclusive for available evidence for associations of glaucoma (five studies, RR 1.27 (95% CI 0.67, 2.42); p=0.47; I2=93.48%) and cataract (two studies RR 1.15 (95% CI 0.97, 1.36); p=0.11; I2=3.96%) with crashes. Driving cessation may also be linked with glaucoma (two studies; RR 1.62 (95% CI 1.20, 2.19); p<0.001, I2=22.45%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (three studies; RR 2.21 (95% CI 1.47, 3.31); p<0.001, I2=75.11%) and reduced contrast sensitivity (three studies; RR 1.30 (95% CI 1.05, 1.61); p=0.02; I2=63.19%). Cataract surgery halved MVC risk (three studies; RR 0.55 (95% CI 0.34, 0.92); p=0.02; I2=97.10). Ranibizumab injections (four randomised controlled trials) prolonged driving in persons with AMD.ConclusionImpaired vision identified through a variety of measures is associated with both increased MVC involvement and cessation. Cataract surgery can reduce MVC risk. Despite literature being highly heterogeneous, this review shows that detection of vision problems and appropriate treatment are critical to road safety.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020172153.
Exoskeletal wearable robot on ambulatory function in patients with stroke: a protocol for an international, multicentre, randomised controlled study
Authors: Chang Won Hyuk , Kim Tae-Woo , Kim Hyoung Seop , Hanapiah Fazah Akhtar , Kim Dae Hyun , Kim Deog Young 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of overground gait training using an exoskeletal wearable robot (exoskeleton) on the recovery of ambulatory function in patients with subacute stroke. We also investigate the assistive effects of an exoskeleton on ambulatory function in patients with subacute stroke.Methods and analysisThis study is an international, multicentre, randomised controlled study at five institutions with a total of 150 patients with subacute stroke. Participants will be randomised into two groups (75 patients in the robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) group and 75 patients in the control group). The gait training will be performed with a total of 20 sessions (60 min/session); 5 sessions a week for 4 weeks. The RAGT group will receive 30 min of gait training using an exoskeleton (ANGEL LEGS M20, Angel Robotics) and 30 min of conventional gait training, while the control group will receive 60 min conventional gait training. In all the patients, the functional assessments such as ambulation, motor and balance will be evaluated before and after the intervention. Follow-up monitoring will be performed to verify whether the patient can walk without physical assistance for 3 months. The primary outcome is the improvement of the Functional Ambulatory Category after the gait training. The functional assessments will also be evaluated immediately after the last training session in the RAGT group to assess the assistive effects of an exoskeletal wearable robot. This trial will provide evidence on the effects of an exoskeleton to improve and assist ambulatory function in patients with subacute stroke.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of each hospital and conforms to the Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be disseminated through publication.Trial registration numberProtocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05157347) on 15 December 2021 and CRIS (KCT0006815) on 19 November 2021.
Diagnostic reliability in teledermatology: a systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: Bourkas Adrienn N , Barone Natasha , Bourkas Matthew E C , Mannarino Matthew , Fraser Robert D J , Lorincz Amy , Wang Sheila C , Ramirez-GarciaLuna Jose Luis 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesTo compare teledermatology and face-to-face (F2F) agreement in primary diagnoses of dermatological conditions.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysisMethodsMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library (Wiley), CINAHL and medRxiv were searched between January 2010 and May 2022. Observational studies and randomised clinical trials that reported percentage agreement or kappa concordance for primary diagnoses between teledermatology and F2F physicians were included. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles were screened in duplicate. From 7173 citations, 44 articles were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to estimate pooled estimates. Primary outcome measures were mean percentage and kappa concordance for assessing diagnostic matches between teledermatology and F2F physicians. Secondary outcome measures included the agreement between teledermatologists, F2F dermatologists, and teledermatology and histopathology results.Results44 studies were extracted and reviewed. The pooled agreement rate was 68.9%, and kappa concordance was 0.67. When dermatologists conducted F2F and teledermatology consults, the overall diagnostic agreement was significantly higher at 71% compared with 44% for non-specialists. Kappa concordance was 0.69 for teledermatologist versus specialist and 0.52 for non-specialists. Higher diagnostic agreements were also noted with image acquisition training and digital photography. The agreement rate was 76.4% between teledermatologists, 82.4% between F2F physicians and 55.7% between teledermatology and histopathology.Conclusions and relevanceTeledermatology can be an attractive option particularly in resource-poor settings. Future efforts should be placed on incorporating image acquisition training and access to high-quality imaging technologies.Trial registration number10.17605/OSF.IO/FJDVG
Gut feeling for the diagnosis of cancer in general practice: a diagnostic accuracy review
Authors: Yao Masahiro , Kaneko Makoto , Watson Jessica , Irving Greg 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesDiagnostic delay in cancer is a challenge in primary care. Although screening tests are effective in diagnosing some cancers such as breast, colorectal and cervical cancers, symptom-based cancer diagnosis is often difficult due to its low incidence in primary care and the influence of patient anxiety, doctor–patient relationship and psychosocial context. A general practitioner’s gut feeling for cancer may play a role in the early diagnosis of cancer in primary care where diagnostic resources are limited. The aim of this study is to summarise existing evidence about the test accuracy of gut feeling (index test) in symptomatic adult patients presenting to general practice, compared with multidisciplinary team-confirmed diagnosis of cancer (reference standard).DesignDiagnostic accuracy review following Cochrane methods was performed.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects and Medion databases.Eligibility criteriaCross-sectional, cohort and randomised studies of test accuracy that compared gut feeling (index test) with an appropriate cancer diagnosis (reference standard). No language or publication status restrictions were applied. We included all studies published before 25 March 2022.Data extraction and synthesisMethodological quality was appraised, using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) criteria. Meta-analysis with hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) models was used.ResultsOf 1286 potentially relevant studies identified, six met the inclusion criteria. For two of the six studies, data could not be extracted despite contacting authors. No studies satisfied all QUADAS-2 criteria. After meta-analysis of data from the remaining studies, the summary point of HSROC had a sensitivity of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.28, 0.53) and a specificity of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.92).ConclusionsGut feeling for cancer when used in symptomatic adult patients in general practice has a relatively low sensitivity and high specificity. When the prevalence of cancer in the symptomatic population presenting in general practice exceeds 1.15%, the performance of gut feeling reaches the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 3% positive predictive value threshold for action, which recommends urgent access to specialist care and further investigations. The findings support the continued and expanded use of gut feeling items in referral pathways.
Cardiovascular effects of rivaroxaban in heart failure patients with sinus rhythm and coronary disease with and without diabetes: a retrospective international cohort study from COMMANDER-HF
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Caldeira Daniel , Razaghizad Amir , Pinto Fausto J , van Veldhuisen Dirk J , Mehra Mandeep R , Lam Carolyn S P , Cleland John , Anker Stefan D , Greenberg Barry , Ferreira Joao Pedro , Zannad Faiez 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesCOMMANDER-HF was a randomised trial comparing rivaroxaban 2.5 mg two times a day to placebo, in addition to antiplatelet therapy, in patients hospitalised for worsening heart failure with coronary artery disease and sinus rhythm. Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular events and therefore have more to gain.Methods and resultsIn this post-hoc analysis, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in patients with (n=2052) and without diabetes (n=2970). The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI) or ischaemic stroke. HRs and 95% CIs with interaction analyses were used to describe event-rates and treatment effects. Patients with diabetes had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities (eg, hypertension, obesity) and increased incidence of cardiovascular events. Adjusted HRs for events in people with versus without diabetes were 1.34 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.50) for the primary outcome, 1.21 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.75) for stroke, 1.51 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.99) for MI, 1.17 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.31) for heart failure hospitalisation and 1.06 (95% CI 0.56 to 2.01) for major bleeding. Rivaroxaban had no significant effect on event-rates in patients with and without diabetes (all interaction p values >0.05). Low-dose rivaroxaban was associated with an overall reduction in ischaemic stroke (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.95), with no apparent subgroup interaction according to diabetes status (p-int=0.93).ConclusionsIn COMMANDER-HF a diagnosis of diabetes conferred higher rates of cardiovascular events that, with exception of ischaemic stroke, was not substantially reduced by rivaroxaban. Rivaroxaban was associated with reduced risk of ischaemic stroke for patients with and without diabetes.Trial registration numberNCT01877915; Post-results.
Taking the first step: protocol for a cluster randomised implementation trial comparing strategies on access to exercise programmes for people with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Mills Kathryn , Bowden Jocelyn L , Boland Robert , Pardey Margery , Descallar Joseph , Naylor Justine M 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThis cluster randomised implementation trial will assess the effect of two behavioural change interventions on the proportion of people with structural knee osteoarthritis (OA) referred and attending exercise-based professionals (physiotherapists and exercise physiologists). The interventions are designed to increase awareness of guidelines, benefits and access pathways for exercise therapy. We hypothesise either strategy will result in more people with knee OA being referred and attending physiotherapy/exercise physiology than current standard of care.Methods and analysisWe will recruit 30 radiology clinics. 10 clinics will be randomly assigned to each trial arm with 1020 people with knee OA consecutively recruited (102 people per practice) into each arm. Intervention arm 1 is an educational reminder message targeted at primary care practitioners with a hyperlink to national guidelines regarding knee OA clinical management. It will be included in the reporting template of a plain knee X-ray. Intervention arm 2 is the reminder message and a patient-facing infographic explaining the benefits and access pathways for exercise. Both interventions will be delivered once, by the radiology clinics, when a person undergoes plain X-ray for non-traumatic knee pain/dysfunction. The primary outcome is referral to physiotherapist/exercise physiology. The secondary outcome is attendance to that appointment. Both outcomes are self-reported via an online survey administered 4 weeks after the X-ray. Additional survey questions explore facilitators and barriers to appointment attendance and acceptability of the interventions. A subsample of the intervention groups will be recruited for semistructured telephone-based interviews to further explore these latter outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee (#520221190343842) and prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals and conferences. We will engage with Australian physician colleges and main-stream media to distribute findings.Trial registration numberACTRN12622001414707p.