bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting Police Officers Against Burnout: Overcoming a Fragmented Research Field
Authors: Correia Isabel , Romão Ângela , Almeida Andreia E. , Ramos Sara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aims to identify the determinants of burnout in police officers. We considered a wide range of psychosocial risk factors, individual variables that have been previously found to be associated with burnout in police officers (affective and cognitive empathy, self-care), and variables whose unique impact on burnout of police officers needs further clarification (organizational justice and organizational identification). The study was conducted in Portugal, and the sample was constituted by 573 members of the National Republican Guard (GNR—Guarda Nacional Republicana). The participants were invited to answer an online anonymous survey, which included previously validated measures of the following variables: burnout (exhaustion and disengagement), psychosocial risk factors, self-care, empathy (cognitive and affective), organizational justice, and organizational identification. Furthermore, we controlled for the potential impact of demographic variables (age, gender, years of professional experience, religiosity, political orientation, and income). Multiple regression analysis showed that when taken together, only a few of the variables associated with burnout had a unique impact on both exhaustion and disengagement: quantitative demands and affective empathy were burnout risk factors; meaningful work, organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice), and organizational identification were burnout protective factors. Our results highlight the importance of developing theoretical models and planning interventions to prevent burnout in police officers, focusing mainly on the above-mentioned variables.
Exploring the Impact of Tensions in Stakeholder Norms on Designing for Value Change: The Case of Biosafety in Industrial Biotechnology
Authors: Asin-Garcia Enrique , Robaey Zoë , Kampers Linde F. C. , Martins dos Santos Vitor A. P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSynthetic biologists design and engineer organisms for a better and more sustainable future. While the manifold prospects are encouraging, concerns about the uncertain risks of genome editing affect public opinion as well as local regulations. As a consequence, biosafety and associated concepts, such as the Safe-by-design framework and genetic safeguard technologies, have gained notoriety and occupy a central position in the conversation about genetically modified organisms. Yet, as regulatory interest and academic research in genetic safeguard technologies advance, the implementation in industrial biotechnology, a sector that is already employing engineered microorganisms, lags behind. The main goal of this work is to explore the utilization of genetic safeguard technologies for designing biosafety in industrial biotechnology. Based on our results, we posit that biosafety is a case of a changing value, by means of further specification of how to realize biosafety. Our investigation is inspired by the Value Sensitive Design framework, to investigate scientific and technological choices in their appropriate social context. Our findings discuss stakeholder norms for biosafety, reasonings about genetic safeguards, and how these impact the practice of designing for biosafety. We show that tensions between stakeholders occur at the level of norms, and that prior stakeholder alignment is crucial for value specification to happen in practice. Finally, we elaborate in different reasonings about genetic safeguards for biosafety and conclude that, in absence of a common multi-stakeholder effort, the differences in informal biosafety norms and the disparity in biosafety thinking could end up leading to design requirements for compliance instead of for safety.
Endoscopic band ligation is safe despite low platelet count and high INR
Authors: Pfisterer Nikolaus , Schwarz Michael , Jachs Mathias , Putre Florian , Ritt Lukas , Mandorfer Mattias , Madl Christian , Trauner Michael , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Prophylactic endoscopic band ligation (EBL) is used to prevent variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. The association of thrombocytopenia, high INR (international normalized ratio) and liver dysfunction with the risk of procedure-related bleeding (PRB) remains debated and recommendations are controversial.

Methods
We analyzed real-life data of cirrhotic patients undergoing elective EBL at two large Viennese centers between Q1/2000–Q1/2018. PRB was defined as bleeding occurring within 30 days after EBL.

Results
We included 617 patients undergoing a total of 1178 prophylactic EBL procedures (median 2 per patient). Sixteen (2.6%) of 617 patients experienced PRB after a median of 12.5 (IQR 17.3) days with no difference in characteristics and laboratory values between the two groups. The proportion of patients with platelets (PLT) < 50 G/L or INR ≥ 1.5 was similar in patients with vs. without PRB. A higher MELD showed a non-significant association with EBL-related bleeding risk (odds ratio, OR 1.07; 95% confidence interval 95% CI 1.00–1.16, p = 0.058). While serum bilirubin was a significant predictor for PRB (OR: 1.10; 95% CI 1.03–1.18), the presence of large varices (OR 0.85 vs. small varices; 95% CI 0.20–3.84), INR (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.10–3.14), PLT (OR 1.00; 95% CI 1.00–1.01) and the use of non-selective betablockers (OR 1.20; CI 95% 0.38–3.76) were not associated with PRB.

Conclusion
EBL is safe and procedure-related bleedings are rare (2.6%) including in patients with thrombocytopenia < 50 G/L or high INR ≥ 1.5. Only high MELD, and especially high bilirubin seem to be linked to an increased risk of EBL-related bleeding.
Mechanical stretching determines the orientation of osteoblast migration and cell division
Authors: Takemoto Fumiko , Uchida-Fukuhara Yoko , Kamioka Hiroshi , Okamura Hirohiko , Ikegame Mika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOsteoblasts alignment and migration are involved in the directional formation of bone matrix and bone remodeling. Many studies have demonstrated that mechanical stretching controls osteoblast morphology and alignment. However, little is known about its effects on osteoblast migration. Here, we investigated changes in the morphology and migration of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells after the removal of continuous or cyclic stretching. Actin staining and time-lapse recording were performed after stretching removal. The continuous and cyclic groups showed parallel and perpendicular alignment to the stretch direction, respectively. A more elongated cell morphology was observed in the cyclic group than in the continuous group. In both stretch groups, the cells migrated in a direction roughly consistent with the cell alignment. Compared to the other groups, the cells in the cyclic group showed an increased migration velocity and were almost divided in the same direction as the alignment. To summarize, our study showed that mechanical stretching changed cell alignment and morphology in osteoblasts, which affected the direction of migration and cell division, and velocity of migration. These results suggest that mechanical stimulation may modulate the direction of bone tissue formation by inducing the directional migration and cell division of osteoblasts.
Understanding Training Load as Exposure and Dose
Authors: Impellizzeri Franco M. , Shrier Ian , McLaren Shaun J. , Coutts Aaron J. , McCall Alan , Slattery Katie , Jeffries Annie C. , Kalkhoven Judd T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVarious terms used in sport and exercise science, and medicine, are derived from other fields such as epidemiology, pharmacology and causal inference. Conceptual and nomological frameworks have described training load as a multidimensional construct manifested by two causally related subdimensions: external and internal training load. In this article, we explain how the concepts of training load and its subdimensions can be aligned to classifications used in occupational medicine and epidemiology, where exposure can also be differentiated into external and internal dose. The meanings of terms used in epidemiology such as exposure, external dose, internal dose and dose–response are therefore explored from a causal perspective and their underlying concepts are contextualised to the physical training process. We also explain how these concepts can assist in the validation process of training load measures. Specifically, to optimise training (i.e. within a causal context), a measure of exposure should be reflective of the mediating mechanisms of the primary outcome. Additionally, understanding the difference between intermediate and surrogate outcomes allows for the correct investigation of the effects of exposure measures and their interpretation in research and applied settings. Finally, whilst the dose–response relationship can provide evidence of the validity of a measure, conceptual and computational differentiation between causal (explanatory) and non-causal (descriptive and predictive) dose–response relationships is needed. Regardless of how sophisticated or “advanced” a training load measure (and metric) appears, in a causal context, if it cannot be connected to a plausible mediator of a relevant response (outcome), it is likely of little use in practice to support and optimise the training process.
Design, Hydrodynamic Analysis, and Testing of a Bio-inspired Movable Bow Mechanism for the Hybrid-driven Underwater Glider
Authors: Wang Yanhui , Guo Yudong , Yang Shaoqiong , Sun Tongshuai , Wang Xi , Zhou Huihui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHybrid-driven Underwater Glider (HUG) is a new type of underwater vehicle which integrates the functions of an Autonomous Underwater Glider (AUG) and an Autonomous Unmanned Vehicle (AUV). Although HUG has the characteristics of long endurance distance, its maneuverability still has room to be improved. This work introduces a new movement form of the neck of the underwater creature into HUG and proposes a parallel mechanism to adjust the attitude angle and displacement of the HUG’s bow, which can improve the steering maneuverability. Firstly, the influence of bow movement and rotation on the hydrodynamic force and flow field of the whole machine is analyzed by using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The degree of freedom, attitude control range and movement amount of the Movable Bow Mechanism (MBM) are obtained, and then the design of MBM is completed based on these constraints. Secondly, the kinematic and dynamic models of MBM are established based on the closed vector method and the Lagrange equation, respectively, which are fully verified by comparing the results of simulation in Matlab and Adams software, then a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to improve the dynamic response effect of the output parameters of MBM. Finally, a prototype of MBM is manufactured and assembled. The kinematic, dynamics model and controller are verified by experiments, which provides a basis for applying MBM in HUGs.
Der Weg zur Pflege-Exzellenz
Authors: Mattmann Philipp , Beeri Simone , Bischler Lukas , Kräuchi Juliana 
Published: April 2023

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Talentmanagement wird in Zusammenhang mit dem Fachkräftemangel seit längerem als Mittel zur Rekrutierung und Bindung von kompetentem und engagiertem Personal diskutiert. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Das PZM-Talentmodell stellt die erste systematische und evidenzbasierte Herangehensweise an die Erkennung und Förderung von Talenten im Bereich der Pflege dar. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Mit der internen Förderung von Talenten soll langfristig die Arbeitsattraktivität erhöht und dem Fachkräftemangel entgegengewirkt werden.
A Random Forest in the Great Lakes: Stream Nutrient Concentrations Across the Transboundary Great Lakes Basin
Authors: Basu Nandita B. , Dony J. , Van Meter K. J. , Johnston Samuel J. , Layton Anita T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExcess nutrient inputs from agricultural and urban sources have accelerated eutrophication and increased the incidence of algal blooms in the Great Lakes Basin (GLB). Lake basin management to address these threats relies on understanding the key drivers of pollution. Here, we use a random forest machine learning model to leverage information from 202 monitored streams in the GLB to predict seasonal and annual flow‐weighted concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as nutrient ratios across the GLB. Land use (agricultural and urban land) and land management (tile drainage and wetland density) emerge as the two most important predictors for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; NO3− + NO2−) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP; PO43), while soil type and wetland density are more important for particulate P (PP). Partial dependence plots demonstrate increasing nutrient concentrations with increasing tile density and decreasing wetland density. In addition, increasing tile and livestock densities and decreasing forest cover correspond to higher SRP:Total Phosphorus (TP) ratios. Seasonally, the highest proportions of SRP occur in summer and fall. Higher livestock densities are also correlated with increasing N:P (DIN:TP) ratios. Livestock operations can contribute to the buildup of soil nutrients from excess manure application, while increasing subsurface drainage can provide transport pathways for dissolved nutrients. Given that both SRP:TP and the N:P ratios are strong predictors of harmful algal blooms, our study highlights the importance of livestock management, drainage management, and wetland restoration in efforts to address eutrophication in intensively managed landscapes.
Potential Impacts on Ozone and Climate From a Proposed Fleet of Supersonic Aircraft
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wuebbles Donald , Pfaender Jens Holger , Kinnison Douglas , Davis Nicholas 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere has been renewed interest in developing commercial supersonic transport aircraft due to the increased overall demands by the public for air travel, the aspiration for more intercontinental travel, and the desire for shorter flight times. Various companies and academic institutions have been actively considering the designs of such supersonic aircraft. As these new designs are developed, the environmental impact on ozone and climate of these fleets need to be explored. This study examines one such proposed commercial supersonic fleet of 55‐seater that is projected to fly at Mach 2.2, corresponding to cruise altitudes of 17–20 km, and which would burn 122.32 Tg of fuel and emit 1.78 Tg of NOx each year. Our analyses indicate this proposed fleet would cause a 0.74% reduction in global column ozone (∼2 Dobson Units), which is mainly attributed to the large amounts of nitrogen oxides released in the atmosphere from the supersonic aircraft. The maximum ozone loss occurs at the tropics in the fall season, with a reduction of −1.4% in the total column ozone regionally. The stratospheric‐adjusted radiative forcing on climate from this fleet was derived based on changes in atmospheric concentrations of ozone (59.5 mW/m2), water vapor (10.1 mW/m2), black carbon (−3.9 mW/m2) and sulfate aerosols (−20.3 mW/m2), resulting in a net non‐CO2, non‐contrail forcing of 45.4 mW/m2, indicating an overall warming effect.
High‐Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics During STEVE and Non‐STEVE Substorm Events
Authors: Svaldi V. , Matsuo T. , Kilcommons L. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) events occur at the end of a prolonged substorm expansion phase. However, the connection between STEVE occurrence and substorms and the global high‐latitude ionospheric electrodynamics associated with the development of STEVE and non‐STEVE substorms are not yet well understood. The focus of this paper is to identify electrodynamics features that are unique to STEVE events through a comprehensive analysis of ionospheric convection patterns estimated from SuperDARN plasma drift and ground‐based magnetometer data using the Assimilative Mapping of Geospace Observations (AMGeO) procedure. Results from AMGeO are further analyzed using principal component analysis and superposed epoch analysis for 32 STEVE and 32 non‐STEVE substorm events. The analysis shows that the magnitude of cross‐polar cap potential drop is generally greater for STEVE events. In contrast to non‐STEVE substorms, the majority of STEVE events investigated are accompanied by with a pronounced extension of the dawn‐cell into the pre‐midnight subauroral latitudes, reminiscent of the Harang reversal convection feature where the eastward electrojet overlaps with the westward electrojet, which tends to prolong over substorm expansion and recovery phases. This is consistent with the presence of an enhanced subauroral electric field confirmed by previous STEVE studies. The global and localized features of high‐latitude ionospheric convection associated with optical STEVE events characterized in this paper provide important insights into cross‐scale magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling mechanisms that differentiate STEVE events from non‐STEVE substorm events.
Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics for accelerated computation of ion–ion correlated conductivity beyond Nernst–Einstein limitation
Authors: Sasaki Ryoma , Gao Bo , Hitosugi Taro , Tateyama Yoshitaka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCondensed matters with high ionic conductivities are crucial in various solid devices such as solid-state batteries. The conduction is characterized by the cooperative ionic motion associated with the high carrier density. However, the high cost of computing correlated ionic conductivities has forced almost all ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) to rely on the Nernst–Einstein dilute-solution approximation, which ignores the cross-correlation effect. Here we develop a chemical color-diffusion nonequilibrium MD (CCD-NEMD) method, which enables to calculate the correlated conductivities with fewer sampling steps than the conventional MD. This CCD-NEMD is demonstrated to well evaluate the conductivities in the representative solid electrolyte bulk Li10GeP2S12 and Li7La3Zr2O12. We also applied CCD-NEMD to the grain boundary of Li7La3Zr2O12 and demonstrated its applicability for calculating interfacial local conductivities, which is essential for investigating grain boundaries and composite electrolytes. CCD-NEMD can provide further accurate understanding of ionics with ionic correlations and promote developing solid devices.
Cell cycle dynamics control fluidity of the developing mouse neuroepithelium
Authors: Bocanegra-Moreno Laura , Singh Amrita , Hannezo Edouard , Zagorski Marcin , Kicheva Anna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs developing tissues grow in size and undergo morphogenetic changes, their material properties may be altered. Such changes result from tension dynamics at cell contacts or cellular jamming. Yet, in many cases, the cellular mechanisms controlling the physical state of growing tissues are unclear. We found that at early developmental stages, the epithelium in the developing mouse spinal cord maintains both high junctional tension and high fluidity. This is achieved via a mechanism in which interkinetic nuclear movements generate cell area dynamics that drive extensive cell rearrangements. Over time, the cell proliferation rate declines, effectively solidifying the tissue. Thus, unlike well-studied jamming transitions, the solidification uncovered here resembles a glass transition that depends on the dynamical stresses generated by proliferation and differentiation. Our finding that the fluidity of developing epithelia is linked to interkinetic nuclear movements and the dynamics of growth is likely to be relevant to multiple developing tissues.
Quantitative analysis of tRNA abundance and modifications by nanopore RNA sequencing
Authors: Lucas Morghan C. , Pryszcz Leszek P. , Medina Rebeca , Milenkovic Ivan , Camacho Noelia , Marchand Virginie , Motorin Yuri , Ribas de Pouplana Lluís , Novoa Eva Maria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTransfer RNAs (tRNAs) play a central role in protein translation. Studying them has been difficult in part because a simple method to simultaneously quantify their abundance and chemical modifications is lacking. Here we introduce Nano-tRNAseq, a nanopore-based approach to sequence native tRNA populations that provides quantitative estimates of both tRNA abundances and modification dynamics in a single experiment. We show that default nanopore sequencing settings discard the vast majority of tRNA reads, leading to poor sequencing yields and biased representations of tRNA abundances based on their transcript length. Re-processing of raw nanopore current intensity signals leads to a 12-fold increase in the number of recovered tRNA reads and enables recapitulation of accurate tRNA abundances. We then apply Nano-tRNAseq to Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA populations, revealing crosstalks and interdependencies between different tRNA modification types within the same molecule and changes in tRNA populations in response to oxidative stress.
Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of checkpoint blockade response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ravi Arvind , Hellmann Matthew D. , Arniella Monica B. , Holton Mark , Freeman Samuel S. , Naranbhai Vivek , Stewart Chip , Leshchiner Ignaty , Kim Jaegil , Akiyama Yo , Griffin Aaron T. , Vokes Natalie I. , Sakhi Mustafa , Kamesan Vashine , Rizvi Hira , Ricciuti Biagio , Forde Patrick M. , Anagnostou Valsamo , Riess Jonathan W. , Gibbons Don L. , Pennell Nathan A. , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Digumarthy Subba R. , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Califano Andrea , Heymach John V. , Herbst Roy S. , Brahmer Julie R. , Schalper Kurt A. , Velculescu Victor E. , Henick Brian S. , Rizvi Naiyer , Jänne Pasi A. , Awad Mark M. , Chow Andrew , Greenbaum Benjamin D. , Luksza Marta , Shaw Alice T. , Wolchok Jedd , Hacohen Nir , Getz Gad , Gainor Justin F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents have transformed the treatment landscape of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To expand our understanding of the molecular features underlying response to checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC, we describe here the first joint analysis of the Stand Up To Cancer-Mark Foundation cohort, a resource of whole exome and/or RNA sequencing from 393 patients with NSCLC treated with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy, along with matched clinical response annotation. We identify a number of associations between molecular features and outcome, including (1) favorable (for example, ATM altered) and unfavorable (for example, TERT amplified) genomic subgroups, (2) a prominent association between expression of inducible components of the immunoproteasome and response and (3) a dedifferentiated tumor-intrinsic subtype with enhanced response to checkpoint blockade. Taken together, results from this cohort demonstrate the complexity of biological determinants underlying immunotherapy outcomes and reinforce the discovery potential of integrative analysis within large, well-curated, cancer-specific cohorts.