bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal Communication and Modular Theory
Authors: Longo Roberto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe propose a conceptual frame to interpret the prolate differential operator, which appears in Communication Theory, as an entropy operator; indeed, we write its expectation values as a sum of terms, each subject to an entropy reading by an embedding suggested by Quantum Field Theory. This adds meaning to the classical work by Slepian et al. on the problem of simultaneously concentrating a function and its Fourier transform, in particular to the “lucky accident” that the truncated Fourier transform commutes with the prolate operator. The key is the notion of entropy of a vector of a complex Hilbert space with respect to a real linear subspace, recently introduced by the author by means of the Tomita-Takesaki modular theory of von Neumann algebras. We consider a generalization of the prolate operator to the higher dimensional case and show that it admits a natural extension commuting with the truncated Fourier transform; this partly generalizes the one-dimensional result by Connes to the effect that there exists a natural selfadjoint extension to the full line commuting with the truncated Fourier transform.
Scalable manufacturing of gene-modified human mesenchymal stromal cells with microcarriers in spinner flasks
Authors: Couto Pedro Silva , Stibbs Dale J. , Rotondi Marco C. , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Rafiq Qasim A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Due to their immunomodulatory properties and in vitro differentiation ability, human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) have been investigated in more than 1000 clinical trials over the last decade. Multiple studies that have explored the development of gene-modified hMSC-based products are now reaching early stages of clinical trial programmes. From an engineering perspective, the challenge lies in developing manufacturing methods capable of producing sufficient doses of ex vivo gene-modified hMSCs for clinical applications. This work demonstrates, for the first time, a scalable manufacturing process using a microcarrier-bioreactor system for the expansion of gene-modified hMSCs. Upon isolation, umbilical cord tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (UCT-hMSCs) were transduced using a lentiviral vector (LV) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transgenes. The cells were then seeded in 100 mL spinner flasks using Spherecol microcarriers and expanded for seven days. After six days in culture, both non-transduced and transduced cell populations attained comparable maximum cell concentrations (≈1.8 × 105 cell/mL). Analysis of the culture supernatant identified that glucose was fully depleted after day five across the cell populations. Lactate concentrations observed throughout the culture reached a maximum of 7.5 mM on day seven. Immunophenotype analysis revealed that the transduction followed by an expansion step was not responsible for the downregulation of the cell surface receptors used to identify hMSCs. The levels of CD73, CD90, and CD105 expressing cells were above 90% for the non-transduced and transduced cells. In addition, the expression of negative markers (CD11b, CD19, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR) was also shown to be below 5%, which is aligned with the criteria established for hMSCs by the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT). This work provides a foundation for the scalable manufacturing of gene-modified hMSCs which will overcome a significant translational and commercial bottleneck.

Key points
• hMSCs were successfully transduced by lentiviral vectors carrying two different transgenes: GFP and VEGF
• Transduced hMSCs were successfully expanded on microcarriers using spinner flasks during a period of 7 days
• The genetic modification step did not cause any detrimental impact on the hMSC immunophenotype characteristics
The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score indicates an increased risk of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Golshani Parisa , Park Jennifer , Häggström Jenny , Segelman Josefin , Matthiessen Peter , Lydrup Marie-Louise , Rutegård Martin ,   on behalf of the RectoLeak study group, Gerdin Anders , Sjöström Olle , Staffan Maria , Jangmalm Staffan , Royson Hanna , Tsimogiannis Konstantinos , Anderin Kajsa , Nygren Jonas , Hurtig Jennie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative inflammation might cause and also be a marker for anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for rectal cancer. Available biomarker indices such as the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) or the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) may be clinically useful for leakage assessment.MethodsPatients who underwent anterior resection for rectal cancer during 2014–2018 from a multicentre retrospective cohort were included. Data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer registry and chart review at each hospital were collected. In a subset of patients, preoperative laboratory assessments were available, constituting the exposures mGPS and CAR. Anastomotic leakage within 12 months was the outcome. Causally oriented analyses were conducted with adjustment for confounding, as well as predictive models.ResultsA total of 418 patients were eligible for analysis. Most patients had mGPS = 0 (84.7%), while mGPS = 1 (10.8%) and mGPS = 2 (4.5%) were less common. mGPS = 2 (OR: 4.11; 95% CI: 1.69–10.03) seemed to confer anastomotic leakage, while this was not seen for mGPS = 1 (OR 1.09; 95% CI: 0.53–2.25). A cut off point of CAR > 0.36 might be indicative of leakage (OR 2.25; 95% CI: 1.21–4.19). Predictive modelling using mGPS rendered an area-under-the-curve of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.67–0.79) at most.DiscussionPreoperative inflammation seems to be involved in the development of anastomotic leakage after anterior resection for cancer. Inclusion into prediction models did not result in accurate leakage prediction, but high degrees of systemic inflammation might still be important in clinical decision-making.
Identification of the zebrafish homologues of IMPG2, a retinal proteoglycan
Authors: Castellini M. E. , Spagnolli G. , Poggi L. , Biasini E. , Casarosa S. , Messina A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotoreceptor outer segments are surrounded by a carbohydrate-rich matrix, the interphotoreceptor matrix, necessary for physiological retinal function. Few roles for molecules characterizing the interphotoreceptor matrix have been clearly defined. Recent studies have found the presence of nonsense mutations in the interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2 (IMPG2) gene in patients affected by retinal dystrophies. IMPG2 encodes for a proteoglycan synthesized by photoreceptors and secreted in the interphotoreceptor matrix. Little is known about the structure and function of this protein, we thus decided to characterize zebrafish impg2. In zebrafish there are two Impg2 proteins, Impg2a and Impg2b. We generated a phylogenetic tree based on IMPG2 protein sequence similarity among vertebrates, showing a significant similarity between humans and teleosts. The human and zebrafish proteins share conserved domains, as also shown by homology models. Expression analyses of impg2a and impg2b show a continued expression in the photoreceptor layer starting from developmental stages and continuing through adulthood. Between 1 and 6 months post-fertilization, there is a significant shift of Impg2 expression toward the outer segment region, suggesting an increase in secretion. This raises intriguing hypotheses about its possible role(s) during retinal maturation, laying the groundwork for the generation of most needed models for the study of IMPG2-related inherited retinal dystrophies.
Impact of kidney biopsy on deciding when to initiate enzyme replacement therapy in children with Fabry disease
Authors: Avarappattu Jenny , Gaspert Ariana , Spartà Giuseppina , Rohrbach Marianne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Recommendations on when to start enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in children with Fabry disease (FD) differ between guidelines. In this study, kidney biopsies of a cohort of 14 untreated children and one treated child were analyzed for their morphologic changes to determine whether early initiation of ERT is indicated.

Methods
All pediatric FD patients (< 18 years old) diagnosed between 2003 and 2021 in our department who received a kidney biopsy were enrolled. Clinical symptoms; laboratory parameters regarding kidney function, such as eGFR, plasma urea, protein-creatinine, and albumin/creatinine ratio; and 14 kidney biopsies prior to ERT and one under treatment were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
A total of 14 patients were enrolled, including 9 male and 5 female children, aged 3–18 years (median age 11). Seven of the enrolled children were 10 years old or younger. Histological analysis of kidney biopsy samples revealed severe vacuolization and accumulation of inclusions in podocytes and renal tubules. The majority of cases had no FD-specific clinical or laboratory features independent of age, gender, or genotype. The youngest FD patient presenting with isolated abnormal kidney biopsy was 3 years old.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that histological lesions, typical for FD, can be observed in kidney biopsies at a very young age in patients without classical clinical symptoms or laboratory abnormalities. Thus, we recommend kidney biopsies as a possible tool for early diagnosis of renal involvement in FD. As a consequence of these early biopsy findings without a clinical correlate, an early initiation of ERT should be considered.

Graphical abstract
A Hybrid Approach to Rock Pre-conditioning Using Non-explosive Demolition Agents and Hydraulic Stimulation
Authors: De Silva V. R. S. , Konietzky H. , Mearten H. , Ranjith P. G. , Kumari W. G. P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study presents a novel approach to rock pre-conditioning to promote the sustainability of low-grade ore mining applications such as in-situ recovery and cave mining. The proposed method involves a two-stage hybrid approach, utilizing soundless cracking demolition agents (SCDAs) to initiate radial fractures in a predrilled host rock, followed by hydraulic stimulation to extend the fractures. SCDA injection in the first stage creates multiple radial fractures around the injection well. However, the extent of fractures is limited to the near vicinity of the injection well. To overcome this limitation, the second stage involves the application of hydraulic stimulation to extend the initiated fractures, which produces a greater fracture density compared to pure hydraulic stimulation. The concept was assessed using a fully coupled hydro-mechanical discrete element model that simulated the hybrid fracturing method on crystalline rock at the grain scale. The results indicate that the proposed method can create a high density of fractures around the injection well. Additionally, we identify and evaluate the key factors affecting the performance of the proposed method, including rock mass heterogeneity, stress anisotropy, and pre-existing defects, providing valuable insights for further experimental design and execution. Overall, the study offers promising results for a potential solution to enhance the efficiency of low-grade ore mining through the hybrid rock pre-conditioning method.
Comparing different search methods for the open access journal recommendation tool B!SON
Authors: Entrup Elias , Eppelin Anita , Ewerth Ralph , Hartwig Josephine , Tullney Marco , Wohlgemuth Michael , Hoppe Anett 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFinding a suitable open access journal to publish academic work is a complex task: Researchers have to navigate a constantly growing number of journals, institutional agreements with publishers, funders’ conditions and the risk of predatory publishers. To help with these challenges, we introduce a web-based journal recommendation system called B!SON. A systematic requirements analysis was conducted in the form of a survey. The developed tool suggests open access journals based on title, abstract and references provided by the user. The recommendations are built on open data, publisher-independent and work across domains and languages. Transparency is provided by its open source nature, an open application programming interface (API) and by specifying which matches the shown recommendations are based on. The recommendation quality has been evaluated using two different evaluation techniques, including several new recommendation methods. We were able to improve the results from our previous paper with a pre-trained transformer model. The beta version of the tool received positive feedback from the community and in several test sessions. We developed a recommendation system for open access journals to help researchers find a suitable journal. The open tool has been extensively tested, and we found possible improvements for our current recommendation technique. Development by two German academic libraries ensures the longevity and sustainability of the system.
DBAFormer: A Double-Branch Attention Transformer for Long-Term Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Huang Ji , Ma Minbo , Dai Yongsheng , Hu Jie , Du Shengdong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe transformer-based approach excels in long-term series forecasting. These models leverage stacking structures and self-attention mechanisms, enabling them to effectively model dependencies in series data. While some approaches prioritize sparse attention to tackle the quadratic time complexity of self-attention, it can limit information utilization. We introduce a creative double-branch attention mechanism that simultaneously captures intricate dependencies in both temporal and variable perspectives. Moreover, we propose query-independent attention, taking into account the near-identical attention allocated by self-attention to different query positions. This enhances efficiency and reduces the impact of redundant information. We integrate the double-branch query-independent attention into popular transformer-based methods like Informer, Autoformer, and Non-stationary transformer. The results obtained from conducting experiments on six practical benchmarks consistently validate that our novel attention mechanism substantially improves the long-term series forecasting performance in contrast to the baseline approach.
Aridification of Colorado River Basin's Snowpack Regions Has Driven Water Losses Despite Ameliorating Effects of Vegetation
Authors: Bass Benjamin , Goldenson Naomi , Rahimi Stefan , Hall Alex 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Colorado River Basin is an important natural resource for the semi‐arid southwestern United States (US), where it provides water to more than 40 million people. While nearly 1.5°C of anthropogenic warming has occurred across this region from the 1880s to 2021, climate models show little agreement in the precipitation change during the same historical period, with no trend in the mean of the latest (sixth) generation of Global Climate Models. As such, here we focus on how the CO2 increase and associated anthropogenic warming over the historical period has impacted runoff across the Colorado Basin. We find that the Colorado Basin's runoff over the historical period has decreased by 8.1% per degree Celsius of warming (°C−1). However, the magnitude of this sensitivity is reduced to 6.8% °C−1 when considering vegetation response to historical CO2. For present‐day conditions, this translates to runoff reductions of 10.3% due to anthropogenic increases in both temperature and CO2 since 1880. We demonstrate that Colorado Basin's natural flow has been decreased by roughly the storage of Lake Mead during the 2000–2021 megadrought due to this long term anthropogenic influence, suggesting the basin's first shortage in 2021 would likely not have occurred without anthropogenic warming. We further show warming has led to disproportionate aridification in snowpack regions, causing runoff to decline at double the rate relative to non‐snowpack regions. Thus, despite only making up ∼30% of the basin's drainage area, 86% of runoff decreases in the Colorado Basin is driven by water loss in snowpack regions.
Flood Vulnerability Models and Household Flood Damage Mitigation Measures: An Econometric Analysis of Survey Data
Authors: Endendijk Thijs , Botzen W. J. Wouter , de Moel Hans , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. , Slager Kymo , Kok Matthijs 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFlood events are expected to increase in their frequency and severity, which results in higher flood risk without additional adaptation measures. The information gained from flood risk models is essential in effective disaster risk management. However, vulnerability estimations are often a large driver of uncertainty, and flood damage is rarely estimated due to a lack of empirical damage data from flood events. This study uses a unique data set with experienced damages and the implementation of flood damage mitigation (FDM) measures on the household level, collected after the flood event in the Netherlands in 2021. Flood damage models that control for several hazard, exposure, and vulnerability indicators are estimated and allow for additional input in flood risk models. Previous estimates of the effectiveness of FDM measures are prone to a selection bias, as households that do, and do not implement FDM measures systematically differ in their risk profiles. By using an instrumental variable‐estimation, this study overcomes this selection bias and finds significant reductions in flood damage due to FDM measures. These reductions can be incorporated in multivariate flood vulnerability estimations, which indicate that FDM measures significantly reduce flood damage. Providing information on flood hazard, as well as implementing early warning systems, is crucial for ensuring effective flood risk management.
First High‐Speed Video Camera Observations of a Lightning Flash Associated With a Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flash
Authors: Abbasi R. U. , Saba M. M. F. , Belz J. W. , Krehbiel P. R. , Rison W. , Kieu N. , da Silva D. R. , Stanley M. A. , Rodeheffer Dan , Remington J. , Mazich J. , LeVon R. , Smout K. , Petrizze A. , Abu‐Zayyad T. , Allen M. , Arimura R. , Barcikowski E. , Bergman D. R. , Blake S. A. , Buckland I. , Cheon B. G. , Chikawa M. , Fujii T. , Fujisue K. , Fujita K. , Fujiwara R. , Fukushima M. , Furlich G. , Globus N. , Gonzalez R. , Hanlon W. , Hayashida N. , He H. , Hibino K. , Higuchi R. , Honda K. , Ikeda D. , Inoue N. , Ishii T. , Ito H. , Ivanov D. , Iwakura H. , Iwasaki A. , Jeong H. M. , Jeong S. , Jui C. C. H. , Kadota K. , Kakimoto F. , Kalashev O. , Kasahara K. , Kasami S. , Kawakami S. , Kawata K. , Kharuk I. , Kido E. , Kim H. B. , Kim J. H. , Kim J. H. , Kim S. W. , Kimura Y. , Komae I. , Kubota Y. , Kuznetsov M. , Kwon Y. J. , Lee K. H. , Lubsandorzhiev B. , Lundquist J. P. , Matsuyama T. , Matthews J. N. , Mayta R. , Myers I. , Nagataki S. , Nakai K. , Nakamura R. , Nakamura T. , Nakazawa A. , Nishio E. , Nonaka T. , Ogio S. , Ohnishi M. , Ohoka H. , Oku Y. , Okuda T. , Omura Y. , Ono M. , Oshima A. , Ozawa S. , Park I. H. , Potts M. , Pshirkov M. S. , Rodriguez D. C. , Rott C. , Rubtsov G. I. , Ryu D. , Sagawa H. , Sakaki N. , Sako T. , Sakurai N. , Sato K. , Seki T. , Sekino K. , Shah P. D. , Shibasaki Y. , Shibata N. , Shibata T. , Shikita J. , Shimodaira H. , Shin B. K. , Shin H. S. , Shinto D. , Smith J. D. , Sokolsky P. , Stokes B. T. , Stroman T. A. , Takahashi K. , Takamura M. , Takeda M. , Takeishi R. , Taketa A. , Takita M. , Tameda Y. , Tanaka K. , Tanaka M. , Thomas S. B. , Thomson G. B. , Tinyakov P. , Tkachev I. , Tokuno H. , Tomida T. , Troitsky S. , Tsuda R. , Tsunesada Y. , Udo S. , Uehama T. , Urban F. , Warren D. , Wong T. , Yamamoto M. , Yamazaki K. , Yashiro K. , Yoshida F. , Zhezher Y. , Zundel Z. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present the first high‐speed video observation of a cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash and its associated downward‐directed Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flash (TGF). The optical emission of the event was observed by a high‐speed video camera running at 40,000 frames per second in conjunction with the Telescope Array Surface Detector, Lightning Mapping Array, interferometer, electric‐field fast antenna, and the National Lightning Detection Network. The cloud‐to‐ground flash associated with the observed TGF was formed by a fast downward leader followed by a very intense return stroke peak current of −154 kA. The TGF occurred while the downward leader was below cloud base, and even when it was halfway in its propagation to ground. The suite of gamma‐ray and lightning instruments, timing resolution, and source proximity offer us detailed information and therefore a unique look at the TGF phenomena.
The Rise and Fall of Laramide Topography and the Sediment Evacuation From Wyoming
Authors: Caylor Emilia , Carrapa Barbara , Jepson Gilby , Sherpa Tshering Z. L. , DeCelles Peter G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe modern topography within the Laramide region consists of high‐relief ranges and high‐elevation low‐relief (HELR) surfaces separated by intraforeland basins. However, the timing and development of this topography within the type‐locality of the Wyoming Laramide province is poorly understood. Previous models suggest that the modern topography is a young feature that was acquired after Laramide tectonism, post‐Laramide burial, and basin evacuation; however, evidence of such a progression is sparse. We present low‐temperature‐thermochronological data from two Laramide uplifts in Wyoming, the Wind River and Bighorn Ranges, which document an early record of Laramide exhumation, subsequent reheating, and significant cooling after 10 Ma. Our results indicate that the Laramide ranges were buried by post‐Laramide Cenozoic basin fill, creating a low‐relief topography by the early Miocene that was reduced due to late Miocene regional incision and basin evacuation. We suggest that HELR surfaces experienced further relief reduction from Pleistocene glaciation.
Restratification in Late Winter Lakes Induced by Cabbeling
Authors: Grace Andrew P. , Fogal Alexander , Stastna Marek 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe under‐ice fluid dynamics during late winter in many freshwater settings remain poorly understood. One example is how cabbeling, the generation of dense water by mixing water masses on different sides of the temperature of maximum density (Tmd), affects the vertical transport. Using high resolution numerical simulations of the development of a stratified parallel shear flow, we show that when the temperature stratification passes through Tmd, cabbeling modifies the three‐dimensional aspects of the instability with the net effect of forming an emergent, stable stratification after a brief period of strong mixing. This stratification effectively separates the quiescent upper layer from the turbulent one below, thereby limiting transport and mixing between them. We propose a simple model for the vertical fluid flux during the mixing regime, and discuss a potential mechanism responsible for the emergent stratification as well as its sensitivity to the bulk Richardson number.