bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of daylight‐saving time (DST) on patients with delayed sleep‐wake phase disorder (DSWPD)
Authors: Reis Cátia , Pilz Luísa K. , Kramer Achim , Lopes Luísa V. , Paiva Teresa , Roenneberg Till 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to time zones, sun time and local time rarely match. The difference between local and sun time, which we designate by Solar Jet Lag (SoJL), depends on location within a time zone and can range from zero to several hours. Daylight saving time (DST) simply adds 1 h to SoJL, independently of the location. We hypothesised that the impact of DST is particularly problematic in patients with delayed sleep‐wake phase disorder (DSWPD), worsening their sleep debt. DSWPD is characterised by a chronic misalignment between the internal and social timing, reflected by an inability to fall asleep and wake‐up at conventional or socially acceptable times. We analysed the clinical records of 162 DSWPD patients from a sleep medicine centre in Lisbon, Portugal (GMTzone), and separated them into two groups: the ones diagnosed across DST or across Standard Time (ST). We included 82 patients (54.9% male; age: median [Q1, Q3] 34.5 [25.0, 45.3]; range 16–92; 54 in DST and 28 in ST) who had Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO) measured as a marker for the circadian phase and sleep timing (onset, SO, mid‐point, MS and end, SE) self‐reported separately for work‐ and work‐free days. Differences between ST and DST were compared using Mann–Whitney or Student'st‐tests. On a weekly average, patients in DST slept less (difference between medians of 37 min.p < .01), mainly due to sleep on workdays (SDw,p < .01), which also correlated with SoJL (rsp = .38,p < .01). While the time from DLMO to SO was similar in those in ST or those in DST, the time from DLMO to SE was significantly shorter for those in DST. The average duration between DLMO and sleep end was close to 10.5 h in ST, the biological night length described in the literature. Our results favour perennial ST and suggest assigning time‐zones close to sun time to prevent social jetlag and sleep deprivation.
A general approximation method for optimal stopping and random delay
Authors: Chen Pengzhan , Song Yingda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examines the continuous‐time optimal stopping problem with an infinite horizon under Markov processes. Existing research focuses on finding explicit solutions under certain assumptions of the reward function or underlying process; however, these assumptions may either not be fulfilled or be difficult to validate in practice. We developed a continuous‐time Markov chain (CTMC) approximation method to find the optimal solution, which applies to general reward functions and underlying Markov processes. We demonstrated that our method can be used to solve the optimal stopping problem with a random delay, in which the delay could be either an independent random variable or a function of the underlying process. We established a theoretical upper bound for the approximation error to facilitate error control. Furthermore, we designed a two‐stage scheme to implement our method efficiently. The numerical results show that the proposed method is accurate and rapid under various model specifications.
Temporal validation of the Australian estimated post‐transplant survival score
Authors: Irish G. L. , Campbell S. , Kanellis J. , Wyburn Kate , Clayton Philip A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsThe Australian estimated post‐transplant survival (EPTS‐AU) prediction score was developed by re‐fitting the United States of America EPTS, without diabetes, to the Australian and New Zealand kidney transplant population over 2002–2013. The EPTS‐AU score incorporates age, previous transplantation and time on dialysis. Diabetes was excluded from the score, as this was not previously recorded in the Australian allocation system. In May 2021, the EPTS‐AU prediction score was incorporated into the Australian kidney allocation algorithm to optimize utility for recipients (maximized benefit). We aimed to temporally validate the EPTS‐AU prediction score to ensure it can be used for this purpose.MethodsUsing the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry, we included adult recipients of deceased donor kidney‐only transplants between 2014 and 2021. We constructed Cox models for patient survival. We assessed validation using measures of model fit (Akaike information criterion and misspecification), discrimination (Harrell's C statistic and Kaplan–Meier curves), and calibration (observed vs. predicted survival).ResultsSix thousand four hundred and two recipients were included in the analysis. The EPTS‐AU had moderate discrimination with a C statistic of 0.69 (95% CI 0.67, 0.71), and clear delineation between Kaplan–Meier's survival curves of EPTS‐AU. The EPTS was well calibrated with the predicted survivals equating with the observed survival outcomes for all prognostic groups.ConclusionsThe EPTS‐AU performs reasonably well in choosing between recipients (discrimination) and to predict a recipient's survival (calibration). Reassuringly, the score is functioning as intended to predict post‐transplant survival for recipients as part of the national allocation algorithm.
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Cretaceous pollen cone with three‐dimensional preservation sheds light on the morphological evolution of cycads in deep time
Authors: Elgorriaga Andres , Atkinson Brian A. 
Published: March 2023

Summary

The Cycadales are an ancient and charismatic group of seed plants. However, their morphological evolution in deep time is poorly understood. While molecular divergence time analyses estimate a Cretaceous origin for most major living cycad clades, much of the extant diversity is inferred to be a result of Neogene diversifications. This leads to long branches throughout the cycadalean phylogeny that, with few exceptions, have yet to be rectified by unequivocal fossil cycads.

We report a permineralized pollen cone from the Campanian Holz Shale located in Silverado Canyon, CA, USA (c. 80 million yr ago). This fossil was studied via serial sectioning, SEM, 3D reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses.

Microsporophyll and pollen morphology indicate this cone is assignable to Skyttegaardia, a recently described genus based on disarticulated lignitized microsporophylls from the Early Cretaceous of Denmark. Data from this new species, including a simple cone architecture, anatomical details and vasculature organization, indicate cycadalean affinities for Skyttegaardia. Phylogenetic analyses support this assignment and recover Skyttegaardia as crown‐group Cycadales, nested within Zamiaceae.

Our findings support a Cretaceous diversification for crown‐group Zamiaceae, which included the evolution of morphological divergent extinct taxa with unique traits that have yet to be widely identified in the fossil record.
Nuclear OsFKBP20‐1b maintains SR34 stability and promotes the splicing of retained introns upon ABA exposure in rice
Authors: Jung Haemyeong , Park Hyun Ji , Jo Seung Hee , Lee Areum , Lee Hyo‐Jun , Kim Hyun‐Soon , Jung Choonkyun , Cho Hye Sun 
Published: March 2023

Summary
Alternative splicing (AS) is a critical means by which plants respond to changes in the environment, but few splicing factors contributing to AS have been reported and functionally characterized in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Here, we explored the function and molecular mechanism of the spliceosome‐associated protein OsFKBP20‐1b during AS.
We determined the AS landscape of wild‐type and osfkbp20‐1b knockout plants upon abscisic acid (ABA) treatment by transcriptome deep sequencing. To capture the dynamics of translating intron‐containing mRNAs, we blocked transcription with cordycepin and performed polysome profiling. We also analyzed whether OsFKBP20‐1b and the splicing factors OsSR34 and OsSR45 function together in AS using protoplast transfection assays.
We show that OsFKBP20‐1b interacts with OsSR34 and regulates its stability, suggesting a role as a chaperone‐like protein in the spliceosome. OsFKBP20‐1b facilitates the splicing of mRNAs with retained introns after ABA treatment; some of these mRNAs are translatable and encode functional transcriptional regulators of stress‐responsive genes. In addition, interacting proteins, OsSR34 and OsSR45, regulate the splicing of the same retained introns as OsFKBP20‐1b after ABA treatment.
Our findings reveal that spliceosome‐associated immunophilin functions in alternative RNA splicing in rice by positively regulating the splicing of retained introns to limit ABA response.
Decolonize the history of nursing by magnifying the contributions of nurses of colour
Authors: Woo Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I write about nurses of colour who have made significant contributions to nursing, yet are actively ignored in traditional nursing textbooks related to colonized thinking. One consequence of this is that when we think about comparing the disparities of the past to the present day, we see that we have not made much of a difference. The disparity is still huge. I call on all of us as nurses to challenge ourselves to think beyond the box of colonized thought to what we know is true.
Deep‐water uptake under drought improved due to locally increased root conductivity in maize, but not in faba bean
Authors: Müllers Yannik , Postma Johannes A. , Poorter Hendrik , van Dusschoten Dagmar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractModerate soil drying can cause a strong decrease in the soil‐root system conductance. The resulting impact on root water uptake depends on the spatial distribution of the altered conductance relatively to remaining soil water resources, which is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the vertical distribution of conductance across root systems using a novel, noninvasive sensor technology on pot‐grown faba bean and maize plants. Withholding water for 4 days strongly enhanced the vertical gradient in soil water potential. Therefore, roots in upper and deeper soil layers were affected differently: In drier, upper layers, root conductance decreased by 66%–72%, causing an amplification of the drop in leaf water potential. In wetter, deeper layers, root conductance increased in maize but not in faba bean. The consequently facilitated deep‐water uptake in maize contributed up to 21% of total water uptake at the end of the measurement. Analysis of root length distributions with MRI indicated that the locally increased conductance was mainly caused by an increased intrinsic conductivity and not by additional root growth. Our findings show that plants can partly compensate for a reduced root conductance in upper, drier soil layers by locally increasing root conductivity in wetter layers, thereby improving deep‐water uptake.
Multitraits evaluation of a Solanum pennellii introgression tomato line challenged by combined abiotic stress
Authors: Vitale L. , Francesca S. , Arena C. , D'Agostino N. , Principio L. , Vitale E. , Cirillo V. , de Pinto M. C. , Barone A. , Rigano M. M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Rising daily temperatures and water shortage are two of the major concerns in agriculture.

In this work, we analysed the tolerance traits in a tomato line carrying a small region of the Solanum pennellii wild genome (IL12‐4‐SL) when grown under prolonged conditions of single and combined high temperature and water stress.

When exposed to stress, IL12‐4‐SL showed higher heat tolerance than the cultivated line M82 at morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels. Moreover, under stress IL12‐4‐SL produced more flowers than M82, also characterized by higher pollen viability. In both lines, water stress negatively affected photosynthesis more than heat alone, whereas the combined stress did not further exacerbate the negative impacts of drought on this trait. Despite an observed decrease in carbon fixation, the quantum yield of PSII linear electron transport in IL12‐4‐SL was not affected by stress, thereby indicating that photochemical processes other than CO2 fixation acted to maintain the electron chain in oxidized state and prevent photodamage. The ability of IL12‐4‐SL to tolerate abiotic stress was also related to the intrinsic ability of this line to accumulate ascorbic acid.

The data collected in this study clearly indicate improved tolerance to single and combined abiotic stress for IL12‐4‐SL, making this line a promising one for cultivation in a climate scenario characterized by frequent and long‐lasting heatwaves and low rainfall.
Implicit identification with death detects and predicts short‐term suicide risk among adolescents discharged from the emergency room
Authors: Toukhy N. , Barzilay S. , Hamdan S. , Grisaru‐Hergas D. , Haruvi‐Catalan L. , Levis Frenk M. , Apter A. , Benaroya‐Milshtein N. , Fennig S. , Gvion Y. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundImplicit identification with death, measured by the Death–Suicide‐Implicit Association Test (D/S‐IAT), has been found to predict long‐term suicide risk among adolescents. However, previous studies did not examine the predictive utility of D/S‐IAT on short‐term suicide risk trajectories among adolescents, especially during the critical period following discharge from the emergency room (ER) due to suicide behaviors.ObjectiveThis study examined the ability of the D/S‐IAT to discriminate and predict suicide risk trajectories during the month following initial suicide risk assessment, among adolescents recently discharged from the ER.MethodsOne hundred and fifteen adolescents aged 9–18 years (77.4% female) were assessed at clinic intake. All participants completed D/S‐IAT and self‐report measures for suicide risk, depression, and anxiety during intake and 1‐month follow‐up.ResultsThe D/S‐IAT distinguished and predicted participants with continued heightened suicide risk at follow‐up, above and beyond depression, anxiety, and suicide risk level at intake.ConclusionsAlong with conventional measures, D/S‐IAT may be utilized to predict short‐term suicide risk during post‐ER discharge.
Simultaneous Micro- and Nanoscale Silicon Fabrication by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etch
Authors: Lema Galindo Raul M. , Ajay Paras , Sreenivasan S. V. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Simultaneous micro- and nanoscale etching of silicon on a wafer-scale is nowadays performed using plasma etching techniques. These plasma techniques, however, suffer from low throughput due to aspect-ratio dependent etch (ARDE) rate, etch lag from changes in feature size, loading effects from increased etch area, and undesirable surface characteristics such as sidewall taper and scalloping, which are particularly problematic at the nanoscale and can affect the etch uniformity. Additionally, the hardware required for plasma etching can be very expensive. A potential alternative, which addresses the above issues with plasma etching is metal assisted chemical etch (MacEtch). To date, however, an integrated micro- and nanoscale MacEtch process, which has uniform and clean (i.e., without nanowire-like defects in microscale areas) etch front has not been presented in the literature. In this work, we present for the first time a feasible process flow for simultaneous micro-and nanoscale silicon etching without nanowire-like defects, which we call integrated micro- and nanoscale MacEtch (IMN-MacEtch). Successful etching of silicon features ranging from 100 nm to 100 μm was achieved with etch rates of about 1.8 μm/min in a single step to achieve features with an aspect ratio (AR) ∼18:1. We thus conclude that the process represents a feasible alternative to current dry etch methods for patterning feature sizes spanning three orders of magnitude.
Biofidelity Assessment of the WIAMan Thorax by a Comparative Study With Hybrid III, THOR, and PMHS in Frontal Sled Testing
Authors: Zeng Wei , McMahon Justin , Shedd Daniel F. , Carpenter Randolff , Salzar Robert S. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan) anthropomorphic test device (ATD) has been originally developed to predict and prevent injuries for occupants in military vehicles, in an underbody blast environment. However, its crash performance and biofidelity of the thoracic region have not been explored. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the WIAMan thoracic responses in a typical frontal sled test. The 40 kph frontal sled tests were conducted to quantify the WIAMan thoracic kinematics, chest deflection, and belt loads. Comparative biofidelities of the WIAMan thorax and other surrogates, including postmortem human surrogates (PMHSs), Hybrid III, and test device for human occupant restraint (THOR) ATDs, were assessed under comparable testing conditions. The similarities and differences between WIAMan and the other surrogates were compared and analyzed, including the motion of bilateral shoulders and T1, time histories of chest deflections, and belt loads. The CORrelation and Analysis (CORA) ratings were used to evaluate the correlations of thoracic responses between the ATDs and PMHS. Compared to the PMHS and THOR, the WIAMan experienced a similar level of left shoulder forward excursions. Larger chest deflection was exhibited in WIAMan throughout the whole duration of belt compression. Differences were found in belt loads between subject types. Overall, WIAMan had slightly lower CORA scores but showed comparable overall performance. The overall thoracic responses of WIAMan under the frontal sled test were more compliant than HIII, but still reasonable compared with PMHS and THOR. Comprehensive systematic studies on comparative biofidelity of WIAMan and other surrogates under different impact conditions are expected in future research.
A Text Analytics Framework for Supplier Capability Scoring Supported by Normalized Google Distance and Semantic Similarity Measurement Methods
Authors: Zandbiglari Kimia , Ameri Farhad , Javadi Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe unstructured data available on the websites of manufacturing suppliers and contractors can provide valuable insights into their technological and organizational capabilities. However, since the capability data are often represented in an unstructured and informal fashion using natural language text, they do not lend themselves well to computational analysis. The objective of this work is to propose framework to enable automated classification and ranking of manufacturing suppliers based on their online capability descriptions in the context of a supplier search and discovery use case. The proposed text analytics framework is supported by a formal thesaurus that uses Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) that provides lexical and structural semantics. Normalized Google Distance (NGD) is used as the metric for measuring the relatedness of terms when ranking suppliers based on their similarities with the queried capabilities. The proposed framework is validated experimentally using a hypothetical supplier search scenario. The results indicate that the generated ranked list is highly correlated with human judgment, especially when the search space is partitioned into multiple classes of suppliers with distinct capabilities. However, the correlation decreases when multiple overlapping classes of suppliers are merged together to form a heterogenous search space. The proposed framework can support supplier screening and discovery solutions by improving the precision, reliability, and intelligence of their underlying search engines.
Dynamics Modeling and Modal Space Control Strategy of Ship-Borne Stewart Platform for Wave Compensation
Authors: Chen Weixing , Wen Yu , Tong Xiaochuan , Lin Chaoxiong , Li Jiang , Wang Shuyou , Xie Wei , Mao Lifeng , Zhao Xianchao , Zhang Weidong , Gao Feng 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The ship-borne Stewart platform can compensate for the six-degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) motion generated by the ship, which improves the reliability and safety of offshore operations and increases the executable window period. The heavy and off-center load of the gangway significantly influences the high-precision compensation control of the platform. Besides, the gangway assembled on the platform vibrates easily due to its low natural frequency that requires high dynamic performance of the compensating. To deal with the problem mentioned, the modal space control strategy is introduced to fully consider the inertia characteristics. First, based on Kane's method, the complete dynamic model considering the ship's motion and actuator inertia is established. Then, the modal space proportional and derivative (PD) controller (MSPDC) and the modal space sliding mode controller (MSSMC) are designed based on the modal theory. Finally, simulations are carried out to show the advantages of the proposed model and the advantages of proposed controllers in compensation accuracy and anti-interference ability. Furthermore, the significant compensation rate (SCR) is proposed to evaluate the six-DOFs compensation accuracy. Compared with the PD controller with gravity compensation (PDCGC), the position SCR of MSSMC is increased from 95.37% to 99.28%, and the angle SCR increased from 85.57% to 99.65%.
“Older, Faster, Stronger”: The Multiple Benefits of Masters Sport Participation
Authors: Deck Sarah , Doherty Alison , Hall Craig , Schneider Angela , Patil Swarali , Belfry Glen 
Published: March 2023

While masters sport aligns with the holistic concept of active aging, related research has focused predominantly on the physical domain, and less is known about the psychological, cognitive, and social benefits of older adults’ participation. This study examined, in combination, the perceived psychological, social, cognitive, and physical benefits of training and competing as a masters athlete, while considering age and gender differences. Forty masters athletes residing in Canada were interviewed (21 men and 19 women; 15 who were 50–64 years and 25 who were 65–79 years), representing 15 different sports. Interviews were coded both deductively and inductively, revealing several subthemes of benefits for the broader perceived psychological, social, cognitive, and physical benefits, with few but notable differences between women and men, and those younger than 65 years and those 65+ years. Our findings provide new insights into the positive experiences of active aging associated with high levels of physical activity among older adults, such as greater self-confidence, especially for women, comradery, and feeling mentally sharper, especially for the older age group.