bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo dosimetry of a novel Yttrium‐90 disc source for episcleral brachytherapy
Authors: Chang Xiangyun , Huang Lyu , Liu Jian , Cao Yijian , Chang Jenghwa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeTo calculate the dose distribution using Monte Carlo simulations for a novel high‐dose‐rate Yttrium‐90 (Y‐90) disc source recently developed for episcleral brachytherapy and provide a lookup table for treatment planning.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations were performed to calculate the in‐water dose distribution of the Y‐90 disc source using the “GATE”, a software based on the “Geant4” Monte Carlo simulation toolkit developed by the international OpenGATE collaboration. The geometry of this novel beta source, its capsule, and the surrounding water medium were accurately modeled in the simulation input files. The standard Y‐90 element beta spectrum from ICRU 72 was used, and the physics processes for beta and photon interactions with matters were all included. The dose distribution of this Y‐90 disc source was measured in a separate study using Gafchromic EBT‐3 films and the results were reported elsewhere. To match the setup of the experiment, a Gafchromic EBT‐3 film was also included in the simulation geometry. The simulated dose profiles were exported from the 3D dose distribution results and compared with the measured dose profiles. Transverse dose profiles at different distances from the seed surface were also obtained to study the lateral coverage of the source.ResultsThe measured percent depth dose (PDD) curves along the central axis perpendicular to the surface of the Y‐90 disc were constructed from the experimental and simulated data, and normalized to the reference point at 1 mm from the source capsule. Both PDD curves agreed well up to 4 mm from the source surface (maximum difference ± 10%) but deviated from each other beyond 4 mm. The deviation might be caused by the increased measurement uncertainty in the low‐dose region. The dose rate at the reference point calculated from the Monte Carlo simulation was 1.09 cGy/mCi‐s and agreed very well with the measured dose rate of 1.05 cGy/mCi‐s. If the 80% isodose line is selected as the lateral coverage, the lateral dose coverage is maximal (∼4.5 mm) at the plane next to the source surface, and gradually decreases with the increasing distance, approaching 3.5 mm when the plane is 5 mm from the 6‐mm diameter source surface.ConclusionMonte Carlo simulations were successfully performed to confirm the measured PDD curve of the novel Y‐90 disc source. This simulation work laid a solid foundation for characterizing the full dosimetry parameters of this source for episcleral brachytherapy applications.
Stabilizing Li Growth Using Li/LLZO Composites for High‐Performance Li‐Metal‐Based Batteries
Authors: Yoo Jae Yeon , Kim Tae Yeong , Shin Dong‐Min , Kang Yongku , Wu Mi Hye , Kang Yun Chan , Kim Do Youb 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is widely acknowledged as the most promising anode material, owing to its high capacity and low potential. However, the practical implementation of Li faces challenges, including uncontrollable dendritic growth and a deficient solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here a straightforward method is provided for fabricating Li composites using Al‐doped Li7La3Zr2O12 particles (Li/LLZO) with high Li‐ion conductivity achieved using a mechanical kneading process. The optimized composite, with 20% LLZO content (Li/LLZO‐20), effectively regulates the Li‐ion flux, successfully suppressing Li dendritic growth. Using a systematic investigation, it is demonstrated that incorporating LLZO particles significantly accelerates Li‐ion migration at the electrode–electrolyte interface, facilitating smooth transport through the LLZO particles. Consequently, Li‐metal battery and Li–S battery cells utilizing the Li/LLZO‐20 composite anode exhibit remarkable cycle stability compared to cells employing pure Li anodes.
Metal–Organic Framework Supercapacitors: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Shin Seung‐Jae , Gittins Jamie W. , Balhatchet Chloe J. , Walsh Aron , Forse Alexander C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSupercapacitors offer superior energy storage capabilities than traditional capacitors, making them useful for applications such as electric vehicles and rapid large‐scale energy storage. The energy storage performance of these devices relies on electrical double‐layer capacitance and/or pseudocapacitance from rapid reversible redox reactions. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a new class of electrode materials with promising supercapacitor performances and capacitances that exceed those of traditional materials. However, the comparison of the supercapacitor performance of a porous carbon and a state‐of‐the‐art MOF highlights a number of challenges for MOF supercapacitors, including low potential windows, limited cycle lifetimes, and poor rate performances. It is proposed that the well‐defined and tuneable chemical structures of MOFs present a number of avenues for improving supercapacitor performance. Recent experimental and theoretical work on charging mechanisms in MOF‐based supercapacitors is also discussed, and it is found that there is a need for more studies that elucidate the charge storage and degradation mechanisms. Ultimately, a deeper understanding will lead to design principles for realizing improved supercapacitor energy storage devices.
Biomimetic Vascular Grafts with Circumferentially and Axially Oriented Microporous Structures for Native Blood Vessel Regeneration
Authors: Ding Zhaozhao , Wang Yuanyuan , Chen Fangfang , Hu Xiao , Cheng Weinan , Lu Qiang , Kaplan David L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPorous grafts facilitate constructive remodeling of blood vessels. Incorporating multiple biomimetic cues to porous grafts can promote vascular regeneration. However, the fabrication of such medical devices remains challenging. Here, beta‐sheet rich silk nanofibers (BSN) are added to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) solution and aggregated under a cylindric electric field to form circumferentially and axially oriented tubular structures, to simulate the endothelial and media layers of blood vessels. PVA in the aligned tubes is then crystallized through repeat freezing–thawing process to offer mechanical performances. Through tuning the ratio of BSN and PVA, the composite tubes with dual anisotropic microstructures exhibit better mechanical properties than pure PVA vascular grafts. Significantly improved cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and alignment are achieved. Both endothelial and smooth muscle cells show improved biological activity on the grafts due to the regulatory roles of the aligned structures. In vivo studies reveal the formation of endothelial layers within four weeks of implantation, ensuring long‐term patency. The endothelial and smooth muscle double layers are regenerated after eight months postimplantation, forming hierarchical microstructures and compositions similar to native vessels. The porous composite grafts with multiple aligned structures guide vascular remodeling to regenerate blood vessels, demonstrating potential for clinical translation.
Synergistic Approach of Antibody‐Photosensitizer Conjugate Independent of KRAS‐Mutation and Its Downstream Blockade Pathway in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ahn Minji , Lee Taebum , Kim Kyoung Sub , Lee Sanghee , Na Kun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHere, a novel approach is presented to improve the efficacy of antibody‐drug conjugates (ADC) by integrating antibody‐mediated immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a combination therapy system utilizing an antibody‐photosensitizer conjugate (APC) platform based on a poloxamer polymer linker. To specifically target Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)‐mutated cancer cells, an antibody antiepidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cetuximab, with a poloxamer linker coupled with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 through click chemistry (cetuximab‐maleimide‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐chlorine e6 conjugate, CMPXC) is synthesized. CMPXC is cytotoxic upon laser treatment, achieving a 90% cell death by suppressing KRAS downstream signaling pathways associated with ERK and AKT proteins, confirmed using RNA sequencing analysis. In KRAS‐mutated colorectal cancer mouse models, CMPXC significantly enhances antitumor efficacy compared with cetuximab treatment alone, resulting in an 86% reduction in tumor growth. Furthermore, CMPXC treatment leads to a 2.24‐ and 1.75‐fold increase in dendritic and priming cytotoxic T cells, respectively, highlighting the immune‐activating potential of this approach. The findings suggest that the APC platform addresses the challenges associated with ADC development and EGFR‐targeted therapy, including the synergistic advantages of antibody‐mediated immunotherapy and PDT.
Insights into the Si─H Bonding Configuration at the Amorphous/Crystalline Silicon Interface of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells by Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Fischer Benedikt , Lambertz Andreas , Nuys Maurice , Beyer Wolfhard , Duan Weiyuan , Bittkau Karsten , Ding Kaining , Rau Uwe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn silicon heterojunction solar cell technology, thin layers of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) are applied as passivating contacts to the crystalline silicon (c‐Si) wafer. Thus, the properties of the a‐Si:H is crucial for the performance of the solar cells. One important property of a‐Si:H is its microstructure which can be characterized by the microstructure parameterRbased on Si─H bond stretching vibrations. A common method to determineRis Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption measurement which, however, is difficult to perform on solar cells for various reasons like the use of textured Si wafers and the presence of conducting oxide contact layers. Here, it is demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy is suitable to determine the microstructure of bulk a‐Si:H layers of 10 nm or less on textured c‐Si underneath indium tin oxide as conducting oxide. A detailed comparison of FTIR and Raman spectra is performed and significant differences in the microstructure parameter are obtained by both methods with decreasing a‐Si:H film thickness.
Chiral Iron Oxide Supraparticles Enable Enantiomer‐Dependent Tumor‐Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Li Chen , Zhao Jing , Gao Xiaoqing , Hao Changlong , Hu Shudong , Qu Aihua , Sun Maozhong , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai , Xu Liguang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe chemical, physical and biological effects of chiral nanomaterials have inspired general interest and demonstrated important advantages in fundamental science. Here, chiral iron oxide supraparticles (Fe3O4 SPs) modified by chiral penicillamine (Pen) molecules with g‐factor of ≈2 × 10−3 at 415 nm are fabricated, and these SPs act as high‐quality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Therein, the transverse relaxation efficiency and T2‐MRI results demonstrated chiral Fe3O4 SPs have a r2 relaxivity of 157.39 ± 2.34 mM−1·S−1 for D‐Fe3O4 SPs and 136.21 ± 1.26 mM−1·S−1 for L‐Fe3O4 SPs due to enhanced electronic transition dipole moment for D‐Fe3O4 SPs compared with L‐Fe3O4 SPs. The in vivo MRI results show that D‐Fe3O4 SPs exhibit two‐fold lower contrast ratio than L‐Fe3O4 SPs, which enhances targeted enrichment in tumor tissue, such as prostate cancer, melanoma and brain glioma tumors. Notably, it is found that D‐Fe3O4 SPs have 7.7‐fold higher affinity for the tumor cell surface receptor cluster‐of‐differentiation 47 (CD47) than L‐Fe3O4 SPs. These findings uncover that chiral Fe3O4 SPs act as a highly effective MRI contrast agent for targeting and imaging broad tumors, thus accelerating the practical application of chiral nanomaterials and deepening the understanding of chirality in biological and non‐biological environments.
Matrix‐Driving Stretchable Structural Colors in Multi‐Pixels Operation Using Chiral Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Shin Jun Hyuk , Nam Seungmin , Han Sang Hyun , Park Ji Yoon , Kwon Chaehyun , Choi Su Seok 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStretchable structural color technologies are garnering significant attention in photonics for various applications owing to its stretchable flexibility and ability to control the photonic wavelength of light. However, stretchable photonic media, such as chiral liquid crystal elastomers (CLCEs), are subjected to uncontrollable nonuniform strain distribution and position‐dependent color change during the stretching‐assisted color tuning process. Therefore, controlling the colors of the mechanochromic structures is limited to just single‐unit operation level and practically desirable matrix driving mechanochromic devices for multi‐pixel applications have not been realized yet. The study reports position‐independent and multi‐pixel‐driven uniform stretchable structural color switching realized through row and column matrix switching operations by electrically stretchable CLCEs. The uniform strain‐induced color control mechanism and operations of a multi‐arrayed matrix‐driven stretchable color structure are theoretically and experimentally investigated. This breakthrough of a uniform and multi‐pixel color switching of a seven‐segment matrix driving stretchable CLCEs will be a technological leap into full‐scale use of mechanochromic structural colors in practical applications.
Comparison of SGLT1, SGLT2, and Dual Inhibitor Biological Activity in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Azizogli Abdul‐Rahman , Vitti Michael R , Mishra Richa , Osorno Laura , Heffernan Corey , Kumar Vivek A 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDiabetes Mellitus Type 2 (T2D) is an emerging health burden in the US and worldwide, impacting ≈15% of Americans. Current front‐line therapeutics for T2D patients include sulfonylureas that act to reduce A1C and fasting blood glucose levels, or Metformin that antagonizes the action of glucagon to reduce hepatic glucose production. Next‐generation glucomodulatory therapeutics target members of the high‐affinity glucose transporter sodium‐glucose‐linked‐transporter (SGLT) family. SGLT1 is primarily expressed in intestinal epithelium, whose inhibition reduces dietary glucose uptake, whilst SGLT2 is highly expressed in kidney regulating glucose reabsorption. A number of SGLT2 inhibitors are FDA approved whilst SGLT1 and dual SGLT1 & 2 inhibitor are currently in clinical trials. Here, SGLT2, SGLT1, and dual inhibitors’ biochemical mechanism and physiological effects are discussed and compared.
Breakdown of polyethylene therepthalate microplastics under saltwater conditions using engineered Vibrio natriegens
Authors: Li Tianyu , Menegatti Stefano , Crook Nathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a highly recyclable plastic that has been extensively used and manufactured. Like other plastics, PET resists natural degradation, thus accumulating in the environment. Several recycling strategies have been applied to PET, but these tend to result in downcycled products that eventually end up in landfills. This accumulation of landfilled PET waste contributes to the formation of microplastics, which pose a serious threat to marine life and ecosystems, and potentially to human health. To address this issue, our project leveraged synthetic biology to develop a whole‐cell biocatalyst capable of depolymerizing PET in seawater environments by using the fast‐growing, nonpathogenic, moderate halophile Vibrio natriegens. By leveraging a two‐enzyme system—comprising a chimera of IsPETase and IsMHETase from Ideonella sakaiensis—displayed on V. natriegens, we constructed whole‐cell catalysts that depolymerize PET and convert it into its monomers in salt‐containing media and at a temperature of 30°C.
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies in Adults with a First Demyelinating Event Suggestive of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Villacieros‐Álvarez Javier , Espejo Carmen , Arrambide Georgina , Castillo Mireia , Carbonell‐Mirabent Pere , Rodriguez Marta , Bollo Luca , Castilló Joaquín , Comabella Manuel , Galán Ingrid , Midaglia Luciana , Mongay‐Ochoa Neus , Nos Carlos , Rio Jordi , Rodríguez‐Acevedo Breogan , Sastre‐Garriga Jaume , Tur Carmen , Vidal‐Jordana Angela , Vilaseca Andreu , Zabalza Ana , Auger Cristina , Rovira Alex , Montalban Xavier , Tintoré Mar , Cobo‐Calvo Álvaro 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG‐Ab) distinguish multiple sclerosis (MS) from MOG‐associated disease in most cases. However, studies analyzing MOG‐Ab at the time of a first demyelinating event suggestive of MS in adults are lacking. We aimed to (1) evaluate the prevalence of MOG‐Ab in a first demyelinating event suggestive of MS and (2) compare clinical and paraclinical features between seropositive (MOG‐Ab+) and seronegative (MOG‐Ab−) patients.MethodsSix hundred thirty adult patients with available serum samples obtained within 6 months from the first event were included. MOG‐Ab were analyzed using a live cell‐based assay. Statistical analyses included parametric and nonparametric tests, logistic regression, and survival models.ResultsMOG‐Ab were positive in 17 of 630 (2.7%). Fourteen out of 17 (82.4%) MOG‐Ab+ patients presented with optic neuritis (ON) compared to 227of 613 (37.0%) MOG‐Ab− patients (p = 0.009). Cerebrospinal fluid‐restricted oligoclonal bands (CSF‐OBs) were found in 2 of 16 (12.5%) MOG‐Ab+ versus 371 of 601 (61.7%) MOG‐Ab− subjects (p < 0.001). Baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal in 9 of 17 (52.9%) MOG‐Ab+ versus 153 of 585 (26.2%) MOG‐Ab− patients (p = 0.029). Absence of CSF‐OBs and ON at onset were independently associated with MOG‐Ab positivity (odds ratio [OR] = 9.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04–53.6, p = 0.009; and OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 1.15–19.8, p = 0.042, respectively). Of MOG‐Ab+ patients, 22.9% (95% CI = 0.0–42.7) compared to 67.6% (95% CI = 63.3–71.3) of MOG‐Ab− patients fulfilled McDonald 2017 criteria at 5 years (log‐rank p = 0.003).InterpretationMOG‐Ab are infrequent in adults with a first demyelinating event suggestive of MS. However, based on our results, we suggest to determine these antibodies in those patients with ON and absence of CSF‐OBs, as long as the brain MRI is not suggestive of MS. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:116–128
Photocatalyzed Aminomethylation of Alkyl Halides Enabled by Sterically Hindered N‐Substituents
Authors: Zhang Tianze , Huang Hanmin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe catalytic C(sp3)−C(sp3) coupling of alkyl halides and tertiary amines offers a promising tool for the rapid decoration of amine skeletons. However, this approach has not been well established, partially due to the challenges in precisely distinguishing and controlling the reactivity of amine‐coupling partners and their product homologues. Herein, we developed a metal‐free photocatalytic system for the aminomethylation of alkyl halides through radical‐involved C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond formation, allowing for the synthesis of sterically congested tertiary amines that are of interest in organic synthesis but not easily prepared by other methods. Mechanistic studies disclosed that sterically hindered N‐substituents are key to activate the amine coupling partners by tuning their redox potentials to drive the reaction forward.
Complete Peripheral Fluorination of the Small‐Molecule Acceptor in Organic Solar Cells Yields Efficiency over 19 %
Authors: Yao Zhaoyang , Cao Xiangjian , Bi Xingqi , He Tengfei , Li Yu , Jia Xinyuan , Liang Huazhe , Guo Yaxiao , Long Guankui , Kan Bin , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the intrinsically flexible molecular skeletons and loose aggregations, organic semiconductors, like small molecular acceptors (SMAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs), greatly suffer from larger structural/packing disorders and weaker intermolecular interactions comparing to their inorganic counterparts, further leading to hindered exciton diffusion/dissociation and charge carrier migration in resulting OSCs. To overcome this challenge, complete peripheral fluorination was performed on basis of a two‐dimensional (2D) conjugation extended molecular platform of CH‐series SMAs, rendering an acceptor of CH8F with eight fluorine atoms surrounding the molecular backbone. Benefitting from the broad 2D backbone, more importantly, strengthened fluorine‐induced secondary interactions, CH8F and its D18 blends afford much enhanced and more ordered molecular packings accompanying with enlarged dielectric constants, reduced exciton binding energies and more obvious fibrillary networks comparing to CH6F controls. Consequently, D18:CH8F‐based OSCs reached an excellent efficiency of 18.80 %, much better than that of 17.91 % for CH6F‐based ones. More excitingly, by employing D18‐Cl that possesses a highly similar structure to D18 as a third component, the highest efficiency of 19.28 % for CH‐series SMAs‐based OSCs has been achieved so far. Our work demonstrates the dramatical structural multiformity of CH‐series SMAs, meanwhile, their high potential for constructing record‐breaking OSCs through peripheral fine‐tuning.
Fabrication of a Novel Co/CoO@Fe2V4O13 Composite Catalyst as a Photoanode for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Asim Mohd , Khan Abuzar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of a novel composite photocatalyst, Co/CoO@Fe2V4O13, is reported by the deposition of CoO metal oxide nanoparticles on the surface of Fe2V4O13 bimetallic oxide. The synthesised photocatalyst exhibited a band gap of roughly 1.8 eV, rendering it responsive to the complete visible light spectrum of the sun, thereby enabling optimal absorption of solar radiation. The Co/CoO@Fe2V4O13 composites demonstrated an enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation capacity compared to pristine Fe2V4O13 when exposed to visible light. The enhanced performance is attributed primarily to the creation of a p‐n junction at the interface of Fe2V4O13 and Co/CoO, as well as the Z‐scheme charge transfer mechanism, which aids in the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. Light absorption by Co nanoparticles via plasmonic excitation and intra‐ and inter‐band transitions in the composite structure is also likely, resulting in increased composite efficiency. Our findings indicate that Co/CoO@Fe2V4O13 composites show promising performance for solar water splitting applications and offer new perspectives for designing effective photocatalysts.
Induction motor control via the rotor of a doubly fed induction generator
Authors: Hossain Md Abid , Bodson Marc 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA novel configuration is studied where a doubly fed induction generator provides power to a squirrel‐cage induction motor, and the speed of the motor is controlled through the rotor‐side converter of the generator. Such topology could have applications in hybrid‐electric propulsion and would require fewer and smaller power electronic converters than a system with an intermediate DC bus. An integrated motor/generator set model is developed to reflect the tightly connected dynamics of the combined electric machine. To simplify the derivations, a representation in complex variables is used. However, the control algorithm is based on proven field‐oriented control principles for induction motors. Feedforward and feedback control algorithms of the induction motor integrated with the doubly fed induction generator are proposed, together with two methods to limit the rotor currents of the generator. Experimental data show excellent tracking performance of speed references, demonstrating the validity of the control methods proposed. Concepts are also presented for the management of a small energy storage component.