bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of picosecond laser‐induced optical breakdown using harmonic generation microscopy
Authors: Liu Connie , Wu Pei‐Jhe , Chia Shih‐Hsuan , Sun Chi‐Kuang , Liao Yi‐Hua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBy creating microinjuries usually confined to the epidermis, a fractional picosecond 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser that delivers an array of highly focused beamlets can be effectively used for facial rejuvenation or resurfacing. However, the mechanism of dermal remodeling underlying this nonablative treatment remains unclear.MethodsFive participants having skin phototype III−IV were recruited for intervention using a fractional picosecond 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser system equipped with a holographic diffractive beam‐splitting optic. The laser‐induced histopathological changes on human skin were examined in vivo using a harmonic generation microscopy (HGM), visualizing second harmonic generation (SHG), and third harmonic generation (THG) contrasts dichromatically. SHG refers for collagen distribution, while THG represents for epidermal components in the HGM signal.ResultsHistological hematoxylin and eosin staining and in vivo HGM imaging studies revealed the presence of epidermal vacuoles below the stratum granulosum along with keratinocyte degeneration or cytolysis. In addition to the epidermal vacuoles, HGM imaging exclusively demonstrated laser‐induced shock wave propagation arranged as a THG‐bright concentric pattern in the epidermis and loss of SHG signals in the papillary dermis immediately beneath the epidermal vacuoles.ConclusionsAlongside generating epidermal vacuoles, the fractional picosecond 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser induced collagen changes. These collagen changes may lead to dermal remodeling and neocollagenesis underlying the fractional picosecond laser treatment.
Oscillation and nonoscillation of perturbed nonlinear equations with p‐Laplacian
Authors: Hasil Petr , Veselý Michal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze oscillatory properties of perturbed half‐linear differential equations (i.e., equations with one‐dimensional p‐Laplacian). The presented research covers the Euler and Riemann–Weber type equations with very general coefficients. We prove an oscillatory result and a nonoscillatory one, which show that the studied equations are conditionally oscillatory (i.e., there exists a certain threshold value that separates oscillatory and nonoscillatory equations). The obtained criteria are easy to use. Since the number of perturbations is arbitrary, we solve the oscillation behavior of the equations in the critical setting when the coefficients give exactly the threshold value. The results are new for linear equations as well.
Isomorphisms of Galois groups of number fields with restricted ramification
Authors: Shimizu Ryoji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLet K be a number field and S a set of primes of K. We write for the maximal extension of K unramified outside S and for its Galois group. In this paper, we answer the following question under some assumptions: “For , let be a number field, a (sufficiently large) set of primes of and an isomorphism. Is σ induced by a unique isomorphism between and ?” Here, the main assumption is about the Dirichlet density of .
Context in augmented reality marketing: Does the place of use matter?
Authors: von der Au Simon , Rauschnabel Philipp A. , Felix Reto , Hinsch Chris 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAugmented reality (AR) integrates virtual content into a consumer's perception of the real world. While academic interest in AR is growing, most prior research has focused on consumer evaluations of AR content and neglected the physical context in which AR content is consumed. Addressing this research gap, two experimental studies showed that context (e.g., experiencing a virtual sofa at home vs. in a university classroom) impacts consumer judgments and evaluations. The results reveal two primary effects of context. First, contexts in which virtual objects meet users' personal and cultural expectations associated with a specific location (e.g., a sofa in a living room) increase plausibility. However, such functionally appropriate contexts (counterintuitively) decrease local presence (i.e., the perception that the virtual product is “here”). Study 2 extends this model by showing that plausibility (a rational and deliberate assessment of AR content) and local presence both impact utilitarian benefits, whereas local presence has a stronger effect on perceived physical tangibility. The findings extend prior theory on the psychological mechanisms impacting judgment and presence in AR, and they provide managers with important insights regarding the influence of context on downstream variables in their AR and metaverse marketing strategies.
Mechanical Property Modification of “Living” Networks via PET‐RAFT Photopolymerization
Authors: Imrie Patrick , Jin Jianyong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract“Living” polymer networks have the ability to grow in size and mass after initial polymerization through the insertion of new monomers. In this work, a one‐pot method is used to prepare “living” polymer networks and modify their mechanical properties via the photo‐electron/energy transfer reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) photopolymerization method. The “living” networks are made from company‐bought constituents (N,N‐dimethylacrylamide [DMAm] monomer and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate [PEGDA] 700 crosslinker) so that no synthesis is involved. The study uses two different RAFT agents: asymmetric 2‐(n‐butyltrithiocarbonate) propionic acid (BTPA) and symmetric S,S‐dibenzyl trithiocarbonate (DBTTC). The study then modifies these parent networks with three monomers (acrylamide [AAm], DMAm, and methyl acrylate [MA]) by recommencing the PET‐RAFT process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are conducted on the “living” networks to investigate the effects of monomer insertion after photo‐growth. The networks are also subjected to compression testing, where the daughter networks display modified mechanical properties dependent on both the choice of monomer and RAFT agent symmetry.
Molecular Simulation of Conformational and Structural Properties of Random Copolymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Vao‐soongnern Visit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRandom copolymer nanoparticles are studied by Monte Carlo simulation of coarse‐grained models on the second nearest neighbor diamond (2nnd) lattice. Molecular and surface properties of free‐standing nanoparticle are characterized as a function of co‐monomer fraction. “Polyethylene‐like copolymer” chains are treated by the Rotational Isomeric State (RIS) model of polyethylene (PE). To mimic the characteristics of copolymer chain, non‐bonded interactions with stronger attraction of comonomer units are described by different Lennard‐Jones (LJ) potential parameters. For higher co‐monomer fraction, the bulk densities of nanoparticles are increased and the interfacial profile is sharper. Molecular dimension and shape are changed as a function of co‐monomer composition and mostly in the region close to the surface.
Complex Formation Behavior of Silica Nanoparticles and Xanthan
Authors: Tomofuji Yu , Terao Ken 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPolyion complex formation between negatively charged polysaccharide, xanthan, and positively charged silica nanoparticles, Ludox CL is investigated in an acetate buffer at pH 5.0. Appreciable precipitate is found in the composition range cx/cSiNP from 0.056 to 0.58, where cx and cSiNP are the mass concentrations of xanthan and silica nanoparticles, respectively. The sign change of the ζ potential for the mixed solutions is observed in the cx/cSiNP range. Significantly high scattering intensity is detected for the mixed solutions in a wider cx/cSiNP range, clearly showing the complex formation. The scattering profile measured by the small‐angle X‐ray scattering reveals that silica nanoparticles are packed loosely in the complex both when xanthan forms double helix and single chain conformations.
Sodium and Lead (II) Extraction and Transport in Polymer Inclusion Membrane Using 2‐Hydroxy‐5‐dodecylbenzaldehyde and 15‐Crown‐ether‐5 as Mobile Carriers
Authors: Bourouai Mohamed Amine , Bouchoucha Afaf , Arous Omar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, extraction and elimination of heavy metal ion (Pb2+) in the presence of sodium (Na+) from wastewater using synthesized membranes are investigated. The membranes are elaborated using cellulose triacetate (CTA), 2‐nitrophenyl pentyl ether (NPPE) is used as plasticizer, benzaldehyde‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐dodecyl (HDBA) and 15‐crown‐5 (15‐C‐5) are incorporated into the polymers as a metal ion carrier. Physical characterizations of the elaborated polymeric membranes are carried out by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A study of transport of Pb2+ and Na+ in (CTA + NPPE + HDBA) and (CTA + NPPE + 15‐C‐5) membranes is studied. Transport experiments of Pb2+ and Na+ ions across a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) have shown that (CTA + NPPE + 15‐C‐5) membrane proves a good performance by fixing 87% of sodium compared with (CTA + NPPE + HDBA) membrane (65% of the sodium fixation).
Selective Absorption of Aromatic Compounds by Syndiotactic Polystyrene Aerogels
Authors: Mancuso Antonietta , Sacco Olga , Venditto Vincenzo , Navarra Wanda , Antico Pasqualmorica , Daniel Christophe , Vaiano Vincenzo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExperimental measurements are combined with mathematical modeling in order to investigate the selective absorption of aromatic molecules (benzene, phenol, and toluene) from aqueous solutions by syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) monolithic aerogels. The experimental results with aqueous solutions of a single aromatic compound show high absorption efficiency for the non‐polar compounds (toluene: ≈94%; benzene: ≈77%), whereas phenol (polar compound) is poorly absorbed with an efficiency of about 12%. Furthermore, phenol is no way removed from aqueous phase in presence of NaCl while the water salinity do not affect the absorption efficiency toward toluene and benzene in ternary aqueous solution, evidencing also that toluene is preferentially uptaken by aerogels with a superior kinetic and higher diffusivity constant with respect to benzene. The results obtained in this work underline that sPS aerogels can be interesting materials to selectively recover non‐polar compounds from seawater by means of an absorption process.
Effect of NaCl on Water Activity and Hydration Water Dynamics in Proteins by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering
Authors: Nakagawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEffect of NaCl on a protein hydration is of interest in interdisciplinary fields such as food science and extreme environment biology. Here, the protein hydration water dynamics with various NaCl concentrations at a constant water activity(Aw) by incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering (iQENS) are examined. Under the same Aw, the water content increases with increasing NaCl concentration. iQENS analysis of these samples shows no significant difference in the dynamics of water molecules despite of the difference of water content. This suggests that the hydration water dynamics should be suppressed in the present of NaCl. Water dynamics is affected by NaCl, but independent of this, there is a universal correlation between Aw values and water molecule dynamics.
Preparation and Fractionation of Poly(ethylene oxide)‐Poly(N‐tert‐butylacrylamide) Alternating Multiblock Copolymers
Authors: Hirano Mizuki , Sanada Yusuke , Katsumoto Yukiteru 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPreparation and fractionation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐poly(N‐tert‐butylacrylamide) (PNtBAm) alternating multiblock (AMB) copolymers have been reported. A reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is used for preparing α,ω‐dicarboxy PNtBAm. 1H NMR measurements reveal that the conversion of N‐tert‐butylacrylamide (NtBAm) becomes 78% at 30 min after the initiation, and then reaches plateau with ca. 88% at 60 min. The molecular weight distribution of α,ω‐dicarboxy PNtBAm is 1.1–1.2, indicating that the RAFT polymerization is successfully carried out. α,ω‐Dicarboxy PNtBAms with 10 and 19 of the polymerization degree have been used to prepare PEO‐PNtBAm AMB copolymers after the active esterification. The precipitation fractionation of PEO‐PNtBAm AMB copolymers is performed with an acetone/n‐hexane mixed solvent. The molecular weight of the fractionated samples decreases in the order of precipitation, while the PEO/PNtBAm ratio of the fractionated samples is almost identical. The precipitation fractionation of the PEO‐PNtBAm AMB copolymer can be carried out in the same manner for general homopolymers.
Course of Impulse Control Disorder Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: Deep Brain Stimulation Versus Medications
Authors: Hernandez‐Con Pilar , Lin Iris , Mamikonyan Eugenia , Deeb Wissam , Feldman Robert , Althouse Andrew , Barmore Ryan , Eisinger Robert S. , Spindler Meredith , Okun Michael S. , Weintraub Daniel , Chahine Lana M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of surgery on impulse control disorders (ICDs) remains unclear in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS).ObjectiveTo examine changes in ICD symptoms in PD patients undergoing DBS compared to a medication‐only control group.MethodsThe study was a 2‐center, 12‐month, prospective, observational investigation of PD patients undergoing DBS and a control group matched on age, sex, dopamine agonist use, and baseline presence of ICDs. Questionnaire for Impulsive‐Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease‐Rating Scale (QUIP‐RS) and total levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) were collected at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Linear mixed‐effects models assessed changes in mean QUIP‐RS score (sum of buying, eating, gambling, and hypersexuality items).ResultsThe cohort included 54 participants (DBS = 26, controls = 28), mean (SD) age 64.3 (8.1) and PD duration 8.0 (5.2) years. Mean baseline QUIP‐RS was higher in the DBS group at baseline (8.6 (10.7) vs. 5.3 (6.9), P = 0.18). However, scores at 12 months follow‐up were nearly identical (6.6 (7.3) vs. 6.0 (6.9) P = 0.79). Predictors of change in QUIP‐RS score were baseline QUIP‐RS score (β = 0.483, P < 0.001) and time‐varying LEDD (β = 0.003, P = 0.02). Eight patients (four in each group) developed de novo ICD symptoms during follow‐up, although none met diagnostic criteria for an impulse control disorder.ConclusionsICD symptoms (including de novo symptoms) at 12 months follow‐up were similar between PD patients undergoing DBS and patients treated with pharmacological therapy only. Monitoring for emergence of ICD symptoms is important in both surgically‐ and medication‐only‐treated PD patients.
Peripheral nerve stimulation informed design of a high‐performance asymmetric head gradient coil
Authors: Davids Mathias , Dietz Peter , Ruyters Gudrun , Roesler Manuela , Klein Valerie , Beckett Alexander J.S. , Vu An T. , Guérin Bastien , Feinberg David A. , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: April 2023

PurposePeripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) limits the image encoding performance of both body gradient coils and the latest generation of head gradients. We analyze a variety of head gradient design aspects using a detailed PNS model to guide the design process of a new high‐performance asymmetric head gradient to raise PNS thresholds and maximize the usable image‐encoding performance.MethodsA novel three‐layer coil design underwent PNS optimization involving PNS predictions of a series of candidate designs. The PNS‐informed design process sought to maximize the usable parameter space of a coil with <10% nonlinearity in a 22 cm region of linearity, a relatively large inner diameter (44 cm), maximum gradient amplitude of 200 mT/m, and a high slew rate of 900 T/m/s. PNS modeling allowed identification and iterative adjustment of coil features with beneficial impact on PNS such as the number of winding layers, shoulder accommodation strategy, and level of asymmetry. PNS predictions for the final design were compared to measured thresholds in a constructed prototype.ResultsThe final head gradient achieved up to 2‐fold higher PNS thresholds than the initial design without PNS optimization and compared to existing head gradients with similar design characteristics. The inclusion of a third intermediate winding layer provided the additional degrees of freedom necessary to improve PNS thresholds without significant sacrifices to the other design metrics.ConclusionAugmenting the design phase of a new high‐performance head gradient coil by PNS modeling dramatically improved the usable image‐encoding performance by raising PNS thresholds.
A total Lagrangian, objective and intrinsically locking‐free Petrov–Galerkin SE(3) Cosserat rod finite element formulation
Authors: Harsch Jonas , Sailer Simon , Eugster Simon R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBased on more than three decades of rod finite element theory, this publication combines the successful contributions found in the literature and eradicates the arising drawbacks like loss of objectivity, locking, path‐dependence and redundant coordinates. Specifically, the idea of interpolating the nodal orientations using relative rotation vectors, proposed by Crisfield and Jelenić in 1999, is extended to the interpolation of nodal Euclidean transformation matrices with the aid of relative twists; a strategy that arises from the ‐structure of the Cosserat rod kinematics. Applying a Petrov–Galerkin projection method, we propose a rod finite element formulation where the virtual displacements and rotations as well as the translational and angular velocities are interpolated instead of using the consistent variations and time‐derivatives of the introduced interpolation formula. Properties such as the intrinsic absence of locking, preservation of objectivity after discretization and parameterization in terms of a minimal number of nodal unknowns are demonstrated by representative numerical examples in both statics and dynamics.
Frontline nurses experiences about human caring during pandemic of COVID‐19: A directed content analysis study
Authors: Taheri‐Ezbarami Zahra , Ghanbari Atefeh , Panahi Latif , Pouy Somaye 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate experiences of frontline nurses about human caring during COVID‐19 pandemic based on the Ten Caritas Processes® of Watson's Human Caring Theory.DesignA directed content analysis was performed.MethodsA total of 15 frontline nurses were recruited by purposive sampling from Razi hospital (north of Iran), in 2020 and semi‐structured interviews were conducted.ResultsExtracted categories based on Ten Caritas Processes® included feeling satisfied in providing care to patients, effective presence with patients, moving towards self‐actualization (moving towards transcendence), care with trust and compassion, experience positive and negative emotions, creativity in providing care, self‐directing learning experience in the field of care, unfavourable environment for providing care, feeling acceptance and worth, uncertainty (facing the unknown). This study showed that communication skills, self‐sensitivity, patient dignity, teaching‐learning and problem‐solving skills, holistic attention to the patient, and the provision of a healing environment are necessary for patient care.
Artificial Intelligence for Upper Aerodigestive Tract Endoscopy and Laryngoscopy: A Guide for Physicians and State‐of‐the‐Art Review
Authors: Sampieri Claudio , Baldini Chiara , Azam Muhammad Adeel , Moccia Sara , Mattos Leonardo S. , Vilaseca Isabel , Peretti Giorgio , Ioppi Alessandro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe endoscopic and laryngoscopic examination is paramount for laryngeal, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, nasal, and oral cavity benign lesions and cancer evaluation. Nevertheless, upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) endoscopy is intrinsically operator‐dependent and lacks objective quality standards. At present, there has been an increased interest in artificial intelligence (AI) applications in this area to support physicians during the examination, thus enhancing diagnostic performances. The relative novelty of this research field poses a challenge both for the reviewers and readers as clinicians often lack a specific technical background.Data SourcesFour bibliographic databases were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar.Review MethodsA structured review of the current literature (up to September 2022) was performed. Search terms related to topics of AI, machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) in UADT endoscopy and laryngoscopy were identified and queried by 3 independent reviewers. Citations of selected studies were also evaluated to ensure comprehensiveness.ConclusionsForty‐one studies were included in the review. AI and computer vision techniques were used to achieve 3 fundamental tasks in this field: classification, detection, and segmentation. All papers were summarized and reviewed.Implications for PracticeThis article comprehensively reviews the latest developments in the application of ML and DL in UADT endoscopy and laryngoscopy, as well as their future clinical implications. The technical basis of AI is also explained, providing guidance for nonexpert readers to allow critical appraisal of the evaluation metrics and the most relevant quality requirements.
Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap: A Middle Ground Between Anterolateral Thigh and Radial Forearm Flaps
Authors: Danielian Arman , Cheng Melodyanne Y. , Han Peter S. , Blackwell Keith E. , Kerr Rhorie P. R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap has gained popularity in head and neck reconstruction primarily as a less morbid alternative to the radial forearm free flap (RFFF). However, no direct comparison of thickness exists among the MSAP, RFFF, and anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps, which together represent the commonly utilized nonosseus‐free flaps in head and neck reconstruction. Thus, this study aimed to compare these flap sites and identify predictors of thickness that will aid in reconstructive surgical planning.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary referral hospital.MethodsThe thickness of skin and subcutaneous tissue at the RFFF, MSAP, and ALT donor sites were measured in 54 adult patients using Doppler ultrasound. General linear models were generated to identify predictors of flap thickness.ResultsThe mean thickness of the RFFF, MSAP, and ALT flaps was 3.8 ± 2.2 mm, 7.4 ± 3.8 mm, and 9.6 ± 4.7 mm. Body mass index (BMI) was the only statistically significant contributing factor (p < .0001, coefficient: 0.15) for the RFFF. MSAP was affected by age (p = .006, coefficient = 0.06), female gender (p < .0001, coefficient = 3.2), and BMI (p < .001, coefficient = 0.25), while the ALT was affected by female gender (p = .0005, coefficient = 3.3) and BMI (p < .0001, coefficient = 0.35). Thus, the ratio of increase for flap thickness with respect to BMI is 3:5:7 for the RFFF, MSAP, and ALT flaps, respectively.ConclusionThe MSAP is about twice the thickness of the RFFF and 2 mm thinner than the ALT; however, 22% of patients had thicker MSAP than ALT flaps. As the strongest predictors of flap thickness, female gender, and BMI may be taken into consideration during surgical planning for reconstruction.