bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globe trauma associated with falls at Australian tertiary centres
Authors: Bartimote Christopher , Hoskin Annette K , Fraser Clare L , Watson Stephanie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveFalls frequently cause globe and adnexal trauma, particularly in the elderly. The morbidity decreases confidence, independence and quality of life. We aimed to improve the understanding of fall‐related globe and adnexal trauma and the involvement of ophthalmology at two tertiary trauma centres.MethodsA retrospective medical record review was conducted at Royal North Shore Hospital and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital of patients admitted with fall‐related globe and/or adnexal trauma between January 2015 and December 2019. International Classification of Disease Tenth Revision codes were used to identify patients for inclusion. Medical records were reviewed to extract data on demographics, trauma, ocular examination and referrals to ophthalmology.ResultsFrom January 2015 to December 2019, 346 patients, 186 were female (54%) and median age 76 years (interquartile range 24 years), were admitted to Royal North Shore Hospital and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital with fall‐related globe and/or adnexal trauma. One hundred and twenty‐five (36%) suffered globe trauma with 48 (14%) classified as severe. Patients over 65 years old had at least three risk factors contributing to falls. Alcohol and illicit substances were involved in 20% of falls and occurred predominantly in younger populations. There were significantly more patients with globe trauma if orbital/mid‐facial fractures were present (55% vs 36%, P < 0.001).ConclusionFall‐related globe and adnexal trauma were more common in the elderly. Alcohol and illicit substances have a role in falls in younger populations. Thorough ocular assessment is required especially in mid‐facial/orbital trauma to exclude globe trauma. Further, research is required to determine the effect of fall prevention strategies in preventing globe trauma.
Experimental study on a novel vacuum sublimation–rehydration thawing of frozen potatoes
Authors: Liu Fangran , Wu Weidong , Chen Shanshan , Wang Hao , Zhou Zhigang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo realize a quick thawing of frozen potatoes, the experimental investigation of thawing performance was conducted by using a novel vacuum sublimation–rehydration thawing (VSRT) in this study. Frozen diced potatoes (20 mm × 20 mm × 20 mm) with a total mass of 1.5 kg were selected as the thawing object. The center temperature of the frozen diced potato was raised from −18°C to 5°C to assess the beginning and end of thawing. The effects of sublimation time, heating plate temperature, and rehydration temperature on thawing time of frozen potatoes were experimentally studied. The VSRT and vacuum steam thawing (VST) were compared in terms of thawing time, hardness, and specific energy consumption. The results showed that the conditions of sublimation time of 25 min, heating plate temperature of 30°C, and rehydration temperature of 100°C could effectively shorten the thawing time of VSRT for thawing frozen potatoes. The thawing time of VSRT was only 49% of that of VST. Compared to the hardness of frozen potatoes thawed by VST, the hardness of frozen potatoes thawed by VSRT was closer to that of blanched (unfrozen) potatoes. The specific energy consumption of VSRT was lower than that of VST.Practical ApplicationThe quality of frozen potatoes is directly affected by the thawing method used. A novel vacuum sublimation–rehydration thawing was conducted in this study, which can provide a new idea for a reasonable, effective, and quick thawing method for frozen potatoes.
Aggregation kinetics of green tea nanoparticles: Effects of pH, metal ions, and temperature
Authors: Guo Cheng , Shen Wangyang , Jin Weiping , Jia Xiwu , Ji Zhili , Li Jinling , Li Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractColloidal nanoparticles in tea infusion are the link connecting micromolecular mechanism and macro‐aggregation process of tea cream formation. In order to elucidate, the kinetics mechanism of green tea nanoparticles (gTNPs) aggregation, zeta‐potentials, total average aggregation (TAA) rates, and critical coagulation concentration (CCC) in the presence of various pH and metal ions were investigated. Additionally, the effect of temperature on gTNPs aggregation was further explored. The results revealed that the TAA rate of gTNPs increased with decreasing pH values, the CCC of gTNPs increased in the order Mg2+ ≈ Ca2+ < Na+ ≈ K+. The reason was that different positive ions changed the surface electric field strength of gTNPs to a different extent. Furthermore, it was indicated that low temperature could promote gTNPs aggregation in indirect way. Low temperature promoted the binding of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine, and the combination between gTNPs and EGCG–caffeine complexes weakened the stability of gTNPs resulting from reduction in electrostatic repulsion.Practical ApplicationTea is a popular beverage all over the world. This research revealed the mechanism of green tea nanoparticles aggregation and laid a theoretical foundation for the regulation of tea cream formation in tea beverage.
The link between obesity and insulin resistance among children: Effects of key metabolites
Authors: Yan Wu , Wu Su , Liu Qianqi , Zheng Qingqing , Gu Wei , Li Xiaonan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildhood obesity became a severe public health challenge, and insulin resistance (IR) was one of the common complications. Both obesity and IR were considered as the basis of metabolic disorders. However, it is unclear which common key metabolites are associated with childhood obesity and IR.MethodsThe children were divided into normal weight and overweight/obese groups. Fasting blood glucose and fasting insulin were measured, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was calculated. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was applied for metabonomic analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis and correlation analysis explored the relationships between obesity, IR, and metabolites. Random forests were used to rank the importance of differential metabolites, and relative operating characteristic curves were used for prediction.ResultsA total of 88 normal‐weight children and 171 obese/overweight children participated in the study. There was a significant difference between the two groups in 30 metabolites. Childhood obesity was significantly associated with 10 amino acid metabolites and 20 fatty acid metabolites. There were 12 metabolites significantly correlated with IR. The ranking of metabolites in random forest showed that glutamine, tyrosine, and alanine were important in amino acids, and pyruvic‐ox‐2, ethylmalonic‐2, and phenyllactic‐2 were important in fatty acids. The area under the curve of body mass index standard deviation score (BMI‐SDS) combined with key amino acid metabolites and fatty acid metabolites for predicting IR was 80.0% and 76.6%, respectively.ConclusionsThere are common key metabolites related to IR and obese children, and these key metabolites combined with BMI‐SDS could effectively predict the risk of IR.
Efficacy of sesame oil versus placebo in the management of acute radiation‐induced dermatitis in breast cancer patients: A double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Moslemi Dariush , Ramezany Sepehr , Moghadamnia Ali Akbar , Ebrahimian Saba 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimConsidering the anti‐inflammatory and positive effects of sesame oil in treating skin diseases, the present research aimed to study its therapeutic effects on acute radiotherapy dermatitis in such patients.MethodsForty women with breast cancer during radiotherapy (for 5 weeks) were randomly grouped into two categories: sesame oil (20 patients) and placebo (20 patients). After each radiotherapy session, they were asked to use 3cc of the ointment on the treating field and continue the treatment until the end. They were examined weekly according to the staging criteria of the radiation therapy oncology group.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in the first 3 weeks. In the fourth week, dermatitis grade 0 was 35%, grade 1 was 65%, and grade 2 was 0% in the intervention (case) group, while in the control group, they were 10%, 75%, and 15%, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.046). Also, in the fifth week in the case group, dermatitis grade 0 was 25%, grade 1 was 70%, and grade 2 was 5%, while in the control group, they were 0%, 80%, and 20%, respectively. This difference was also statistically significant (p = 0.032).ConclusionBased on the findings, sesame oil, as a cheap and available herbal treatment, may be utilized in treating acute dermatitis caused by radiotherapy. However, an investigation with a larger sample size in several centers should be conducted to examine sesame oil effects in treating acute radio dermatitis more comprehensively.
Slice by slice: An Australian state‐by‐state analysis of Mohs micrographic surgery over 5 years
Authors: Farrell Joshua , Moreno Gilberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn November 2018, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) was restricted to fellows registered with the Australasian College of Dermatologists. Three new item numbers for the provision of MMS were also introduced. We examine the national and state usage of MMS item numbers based on Medicare claim statistics and Mohs surgeons' self‐reported data, noting the impact of the pandemic and the usage of individual item numbers.MethodsMedicare item number data were obtained from the Medicare Benefits Schedule website for January 2017–December 2021. Self‐reported data were collected on an annual basis by the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) as part of the Quality Assurance Program (QAP) from 2019 onwards. Data were analysed with the Holt–Winters smoothing method for forecasting.ResultsAn increasing number of MMS claims were processed each year, with a total of 89,183 for the study period. Since November 2018, 97.7% of procedures have been conducted on the head, neck, genitalia, hand, digits, leg (below the knee) or foot. The provision of services across the country was maintained during the pandemic years of 2020–2021, with an increase in services in Queensland. There were discrepancies between the states for procedures performed in greater than six sections; these constituted more than 35% of claims in Queensland and Western Australia compared to less than 15% in other states. The pandemic impacted certain states more than others, with Victoria and the Northern Territory having significantly fewer presentations than predicted (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOverall, the use of MMS in Australia is in keeping with peer‐developed guidelines, despite discrepancies between states. Although certain states were more severely affected by the pandemic, MMS is increasingly used in Australia.
Moderating the neutralist–selectionist debate: exactly which propositions are we debating, and which arguments are valid?
Authors: de Jong Menno J. , van Oosterhout Cock , Hoelzel A. Rus , Janke Axel 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTHalf a century after its foundation, the neutral theory of molecular evolution continues to attract controversy. The debate has been hampered by the coexistence of different interpretations of the core proposition of the neutral theory, the ‘neutral mutation–random drift’ hypothesis. In this review, we trace the origins of these ambiguities and suggest potential solutions. We highlight the difference between the original, the revised and the nearly neutral hypothesis, and re‐emphasise that none of them equates to the null hypothesis of strict neutrality. We distinguish the neutral hypothesis of protein evolution, the main focus of the ongoing debate, from the neutral hypotheses of genomic and functional DNA evolution, which for many species are generally accepted. We advocate a further distinction between a narrow and an extended neutral hypothesis (of which the latter posits that random non‐conservative amino acid substitutions can cause non‐ecological phenotypic divergence), and we discuss the implications for evolutionary biology beyond the domain of molecular evolution. We furthermore point out that the debate has widened from its initial focus on point mutations, and also concerns the fitness effects of large‐scale mutations, which can alter the dosage of genes and regulatory sequences. We evaluate the validity of neutralist and selectionist arguments and find that the tested predictions, apart from being sensitive to violation of underlying assumptions, are often derived from the null hypothesis of strict neutrality, or equally consistent with the opposing selectionist hypothesis, except when assuming molecular panselectionism. Our review aims to facilitate a constructive neutralist–selectionist debate, and thereby to contribute to answering a key question of evolutionary biology: what proportions of amino acid and nucleotide substitutions and polymorphisms are adaptive?
When Children's Production Deviates From Observed Input: Modeling the Variable Production of the English Past Tense
Authors: Barak Libby , Harmon Zara , Feldman Naomi H. , Edwards Jan , Shafto Patrick 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs children gradually master grammatical rules, they often go through a period of producing form‐meaning associations that were not observed in the input. For example, 2‐ to 3‐year‐old English‐learning children use the bare form of verbs in settings that require obligatory past tense meaning while already starting to produce the grammatical–edinflection. While many studies have focused on overgeneralization errors, fewer studies have attempted to explain the root of this earlier stage of rule acquisition. In this work, we use computational modeling to replicate children's production behavior prior to the generalization of past tense production in English. We illustrate how seemingly erroneous productions emerge in a model, without being licensed in the grammar and despite the model aiming at conforming to grammatical forms. Our results show that bare form productions stem from a tension between two factors: (1) trying to produce a less frequent meaning (the past tense) and (2) being unable to restrict the production of frequent forms (the bare form) as learning progresses. Like children, our model goes through a stage of bare form production and then converges on adult‐like production of the regular past tense, showing that these different stages can be accounted for through a single learning mechanism.
“We have hope”: An exploration of hope in highly religious families
Authors: Kelley Heather H. , Hendricks Justin J. , Chelladurai Joe M. , Marks Loren D. , Dollahite David C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore qualitatively the connections among religion, hope, and relationships.BackgroundBoth hope and religion have often been associated with positive individual and relational outcomes. Some research has found that hope mediates or moderates the relationship between religion and various outcomes. Despite the research that has been done to understand connections between religion and hope, little research has explored these constructs together in a relational context.MethodUsing thematic analysis and a team‐based approach, we completed an analysis of in‐depth interviews with a large, culturally and religiously diverse strengths‐based sample of 198 highly religious families.ResultsTwo themes relating to the religious antecedents of hope were identified (religious beliefs and religious practices) as well as two themes that address the application or outcomes of hope (hope in family life and the experience of religious hopes). Several subthemes were also identified and are discussed and illustrated.ConclusionsFor some families, religious beliefs and specific religious practices play an important role in fostering hope, and this hope was reported to enhance various elements of individual and family life.ImplicationsResults provide support for integrating religion and hope into various individual and relational therapies.
Estimating the intrinsic dissipation using the second‐harmonic temperature signal in the tension–tension fatigue
Authors: Ricotta Mauro , Meneghetti Giovanni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe intrinsic dissipation experienced by a metal under tension–tension fatigue is linked to the second‐harmonic temperature signal obtained from Fourier analysis. According to the proposed model, self‐heating due to intrinsic dissipation spreads out into all harmonics of the temperature signal, including that modulated at the same frequency as the applied load, which primarily captures the thermoelastic effect. Furthermore, the model is adapted to estimate the intrinsic dissipation starting from the second‐harmonic temperature if the command signal generated by the closed‐loop digital controller of the fatigue test machine is not a pure sine wave modulated at the desired load test frequency but contains high‐order harmonics. Finally, the theoretical model is applied to measure the intrinsic dissipation during stepwise fatigue tests on plain specimens made of C45 normalized steel, and the results obtained are validated using a previously well‐established approach.
Competition between two congener invaders: Food conditions drive the success of the quagga over zebra mussel in a large shallow lake
Authors: Balogh Csilla , Kobak Jarosław , Faragó Nóra , Serfőző Zoltán 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (quagga mussel, QM) has spread into areas occupied by an earlier invader, Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel, ZM) in Europe and North America. Usually QM displaces ZM within a few years or both species coexist, although the mechanisms driving these outcomes have not been uncovered clearly.

In Lake Balaton (central‐eastern Europe), QM displaced ZM in the oligotrophic (food‐limited) basin, whereas they coexist in the eutrophic (food‐rich) basin. Searching for the drivers of interactions in dreissenid assemblages, we compared survival, growth, allometry, shell hardness, biomacromolecule content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression (indicating nutrition stress) of dreissenids collected in both basins in a field survey, and in individuals collected from the food‐rich basin and experimentally transplanted (10 weeks) to the food‐limited or food‐rich (i.e. the same) basin.

In the field survey, QM from the food‐rich basin showed the greater height increment per unit length than coexisting ZM and food‐limited conspecifics. ZM had the hardest shells of all the mussel populations. In the food‐rich basin, ZM did not differ from QM in weight, protein, and carbohydrate contents, but had higher lipid content and SOD expression. Food‐limited QM, compared to conspecifics from the food‐rich basin, had weaker shells, but their protein, carbohydrate, and lipid contents showed faster increments per unit size, thus adults made up for the initial advantage of the food‐rich population.

QM survived better than ZM after transplantation irrespective of the basin. Shells were harder in ZM versus QM and in the food‐rich versus food‐limited conditions. QM grew at both locations, whereas ZM only in the food‐rich basin. The protein and carbohydrate contents were greater in the food‐rich versus food‐limited basin, with no interspecific differences. Lipid content in QM was higher in the food‐limited versus food‐rich basin, whereas the opposite held for ZM.

We demonstrated that the dreissenid species could coexist in food‐rich conditions, despite the higher level of stress in ZM (as shown by weaker survival, higher SOD expression), whereas QM displaced ZM under food‐limiting conditions, probably due to the ability to replace missing storage carbohydrates with accumulated lipids. Nevertheless, QM from the food‐limited basin also showed symptoms of nutritional stress (changes in biomacromolecule content, lower shell hardness). Results suggest that the ability to show a rapid change in metabolism could be an important advantage of QM over ZM in their competition.
The effect of Otago exercises on fear of falling, balance, empowerment and functional mobility in the older people: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Genç Fatma Zehra , Bilgili Naile 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to test the effect of Otago exercises on fear of falling, balance, empowerment and functional mobility in older people living in nursing homes.MethodsThis study is a parallel‐group randomized controlled trial. In total, 56 individuals were stratified randomized according to age‐gender. Participants were recruited from September 2021 to August 2022. Data were collected at baseline, in the 8th and 12th weeks. The researcher gave Otago exercise training to the intervention group three times per week for the first 4 weeks and applied it to the individuals, and in the next 8 weeks, the researcher visited the institution to ensure the continuity of the exercises and contacted the individuals by phone. Friedman test and generalized linear model were used in the analysis of data.ResultsIn the study, group and time interaction were found to be significant in terms of the Berg balance scale, 30‐second sit‐and‐stand test, elderly empowerment scale and timed up‐and‐go test. It was determined that the intervention did not improve fear of falling, upper extremity strength and 6‐min walk test results.ConclusionHealth personnel and administrators should have increased awareness about Otago exercises and can recommend implementation of the programme.
The influence of different peritoneal dialysis techniques on wound infection in patients with peritoneal dialysis tube
Authors: Liu Ting , Wang Yuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMore and more research has started to investigate the effect of peritoneal dialysis treatment on the incidence of pericatheter wound complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This meta‐study evaluated the effect of emergency peritoneal dialysis (EPD) with conventional peritoneal dialysis (CPD) in patients with catheter‐related complications. We looked up 4 databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science, and analysed the data with RevMan 5. There were a total of 15 studies with 3034 participants. While the quality of the research included was fairly good, the evidence was mediocre. In the meta‐analyses, the risk of leak in the conduit with PD was very high (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.72, 3.59, p < 0.00001). However, for those treated with urgent medical method prior to initiation of PD, the risk for peritonitis, catheter dysfunction and bleeding was similar compared with CPD. Based on limited information, immediate initiation of PDs is advised in order to increase the quality of life for people in urgent need, except if there is no consideration for loss of fluid. The low quality of the evidence is holding up the evidence. This research, however, is also informative because of the large number of available data. Consequently, additional high quality, large, randomized controlled studies are required to establish.