bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA gadd7 promotes mitochondrial membrane potential decrease and apoptosis of alveolar type II epithelial cells in hyperoxia-induced lung injury by promoting MFN1
Authors: Liu Guoyue , Yin Cunzhi , Qian Mingjiang , Xiao Xuan , Wu Hang , Fu Fujian 
Published: May 2023

The mortality and morbidity rates of ovarian cancer (OC) are high, but the underlying mechanisms of OC have not been characterized. In this study, we determined the role of Rho GTPase Activating Protein 30 (ARHGAP30) in OC progression. We measured ARHGAP30 abundance in OC tissue samples and cells using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-qPCR. EdU, transwell, and annexin V/PI apoptosis assays were used to evaluate proliferation, invasiveness, and apoptosis of OC cells, respectively. The results showed that ARHGAP30 was overexpressed in OC tissue samples and cells. Inhibition of ARHGAP30 suppressed growth and metastasis of OC cells, and enhanced apoptosis. Knockdown of ARHGAP30 in OC cells significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Treatment with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor buparlisib simulated the effects of ARHGAP30 knockdown on growth, invasiveness, and apoptosis of OC cells. Following buparlisib treatment, the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR were significantly decreased. Furthermore, buparlisib inhibited the effects of ARHGAP30 upregulation on OC cell growth and invasiveness. In conclusion, ARHGAP30 regulated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote progression of OC.
Hepatitis B vaccination status and associated factors among health science students
Authors: Nguyen Binh Thanh , Vo Lan Y , Nguyen Tap Van , Vo Minh Cong , Pham Tinh Dang , Nguyen Han Thi Ngoc , Boyer-Chu Lynda , Huynh Giao 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
To evaluate hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine coverage and its associated factors among health science students in Vietnam.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study involving 459 health science students at Tra Vinh University was conducted between April and June 2022. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with items on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude about HBV, and vaccination status. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the factors associated with vaccination status.

Results:
The majority of participants were female (65.8%) and enrolled at the medical school (56.2%). A total of 30.3% participants received the full dose of the HBV vaccine. The percentages of participants with sufficient knowledge and positive attitudes toward HBV infection were 75.2% and 43.4%, respectively. Vaccination was 11.8 times higher in sixth-year medical students than any healthcare student in their first-year [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 11.8, 95% CI 3.1-45.1, P<0.001], and the coverage was also significant higher in those who had sufficient knowledge (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.9, P<0.05) and positive attitudes (aOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.9-4.8, P<0.05) than in their counterparts.

Conclusions:
The majority of students were not fully vaccinated against HBV, indicating they were vulnerable to the disease. Administrators and authorities should reinforce health education messages aimed at encouraging all students to get vaccinated with the HBV vaccine, enhance their awareness and knowledge of HBV, and improve attitudes toward HBV infection prevention.
Antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Malaysian military hospital
Authors: Junaidi Nor Syaza Syahirah Amat , Shakrin Nik Noorul Shakira Mohamed , Huri Mohammad Fahmi Daman , Kamarudin Ahmad Zakwan , Desa Mohd Nasir Mohd , Yunus Wan Mohd Zin Wan 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
To determine the antibiotic resistance profile (ARP) of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus isolates and molecular typing of the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates from Tuanku Mizan Armed Forces Hospital (TMAFH), Kuala Lumpur.

Methods:
The ARP and presence of the pvl gene were determined for 209 S. aureus isolates from clinical specimens. Of these, 123 were methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates and 86 were MRSA isolates. All MRSA isolates were characterized using SCCmec typing and spa typing. Descriptive analysis was performed to compare the demographic data with the phenotypic and genotypic variables of the S. aureus isolates.

Results:
No vancomycin-intermediate and -resistant S. aureus (VISA and VRSA, respectively) were detected among the study isolates. The MSSA isolates showed low resistance rates to all tested antibiotics, were commonly invasive (28/42, 66.7%), and mostly harboured pvl (35/42, 83.3%). Meanwhile, MRSA isolates showed high resistance to penicillin (86/86, 100%), ampicillin (86/86, 100%), sulbactam/ampicillin (86/86, 100%), cefuroxime (81/86, 94.19%), cefoperazone (76/86, 88.37%), azithromycin (56/86, 65.12%), and erythromycin (54/86, 62.79%). The majority of MRSA isolates were of SCCmec type IVh (65/86, 75.58%), spa type t032 (55/85, 63.95%), and grouped into spaCC-t022 (66/85, 77.65%). The t032 type was found to be associated with resistance traits to azithromycin and erythromycin (P<0.05). We also found several spa types that are typically associated with hospital-, community-, and livestock-associated MRSA co-existing in our MRSA population.

Conclusions:
This study reflected the consistent absence of VISA and VRSA and corroborated the clonal shifting of MRSA isolates in the Malaysian MRSA isolates.
Acute Telogen Effluvium: A Post-COVID-19 Sequela
Authors: Shendre Mohan Eshwar Rao , Thejaswi Sanjay Ramachandra , Mendagudli Chanabasappa , Nair Veena Ullas , Rajesh Supriya 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Telogen effluvium (TE) is characterized by an abrupt onset of diffuse and self-limited shedding of normal club hairs, usually seen 2–3 months after a triggering event. One of the manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 has been new-onset diffuse hair loss in patients previously infected with it, clinically compatible with TE. Thus, the present study attempts to establish hair loss as one of the sequelae of COVID-19 infection.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to find out the presence of hair loss in COVID-19 infection-recovered patients during the second wave of the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
Google Forms was prepared with relevant questions regarding COVID-19 infection, the presence of hair loss, and aggravating and relieving factors, if any. These forms were distributed to 114 COVID-19-positive patients above 18 years of age who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection during the second wave, and the data were collected and analyzed.

Results:
Out of 114 participants, majority were female. 83.8% of the participants had significant viremia symptoms. Seventy-two percent of the patients complained of hair loss. Among them, 66.7% of the patients noticed worsening hair loss after 3 weeks of COVID-19 infection, 21.7% noticed within 2–3 weeks of infection, and the remaining 11.7% noticed the same within a week of infection. 50.1% of the patients had associated stress and 12.3% had comorbidities.

Conclusion:
The onset of TE after COVID-19 further impairs the quality of life of patients despite recovery from the primary illness. Identifying COVID-19 infection as a potential cause of hair loss will help in educating the patients about the transient nature of the condition.
A Retrospective Study to Analyze the Pattern of Referrals to the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy at a Tertiary Care Center in Karnataka
Authors: Somaiah Savitha , Manjunath Sneha , Nagesh T S 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Dermatology is mainly considered as an outpatient specialty. In an institutional set up, the patients who are hospitalized in nondermatology departments may have skin diseases. The patients visiting other outpatient departments might have skin disorders. Such patients are referred to the department of dermatology and can be diagnosed and treated better in dermatology departments.

Objectives:
The objective was to analyze the pattern of referrals to the department of dermatology, venereology, and leprosy from other departments of the hospital.

Materials and Methods:
The records of the department of dermatology, venereology, and leprosy were analyzed for referrals between September 2019 and February 2020.

Results:
There were 214 males (46.8%) and 188 (53.2%) females in the study. The mean age of the patients in the study was 40.9 ± 20.8 years. Maximum number of referrals were received from the department of general medicine (192 cases, 47.7%), followed by general surgery (64 cases, 15.9%). Infections and infestations accounted for 183 (45.5%) cases out of the 402 referrals, and eczematous disorders were seen in 58 (14.4%) cases. The referring departments mentioned their dermatological diagnosis in 24% of the cases and were found to be correct in 18% of cases.

Conclusion:
The common dermatological conditions are often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed by nondermatologist, leading to incorrect treatment, and contributes to delay in treatment. By focusing on improving the training of undergraduate and postgraduate students in the conditions for which dermatology referrals are usually sought might help in improving their knowledge and later help them treat patients better.
Vitiligo: Prevalence, Clinical Patterns, and Efficacy of Narrow Band Ultraviolet B Phototherapy
Authors: Phulari Yoganand Jagannath , Kukreja Ram , Hiremath Ravishekar N , Patil Chetan C , Patel Priyanka 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Vitiligo denotes an acquired primary, usually progressive, melanocytopenia of unknown etiology, and clinically manifested by circumscribed achromic macules often associated with leukotrichia.

Objective:
The objective was to assess the prevalence and various clinical patterns of vitiligo and to study the efficacy of narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) radiation.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective case series study was carried out at dermatology outpatient department (OPD), of tertiary care center in Central India on 50 patients of Vitiligo, who were diagnosed clinically, age ranging from 5 to 70 years of age. A thorough history and clinical examination as per institutional protocol was done for all the patients included in the study. Patients were exposed to NB-UVB rays in a phototherapy unit (Dermaindia Spiegel Series) with a standard protocol. Two scores designed for the assessment of vitiligo are Vitiligo Area Severity Index and Wallace Rule of Nines.

Results:
During the period of two years, 6638 patients were seen in dermatology OPD, out of which 129 patients were having vitiligo clinically. Thus, the prevalence of vitiligo was 1.9% in our study. The mean age in male was 40.4 years and that of female was 30.85 years. The female-to-male ratio was 2:3. 6% had a positive family history of vitiligo. The most common site affected was leg (pretibial region) (48%). Two patients (4%) were in Category– 0, 12 patients (24%) were in Category– I, 24 patients (48%) were in Category-II, and 12 patients (24%) were in Category– III, when graded according to their improvement. Forty-five patients (90%) had vitiligo vulgaris, two patients (4%) had segmental vitiligo, and one patient (2%) each of acrofacial vitiligo, lip-tip vitiligo, and focal vitiligo. On comparing the level of significance before treatment and after 2 months of treatment, after 4 and 6 months of treatment, and before treatment and at the end of treatment, it was found that the results were statistically highly significant. Thus, indicating that the improvement in the disease after NB-UVB therapy is statically significant.

Conclusion:
Our study found 1.9% prevalence of vitiligo among patients attending OPD. On comparing the level of significance, before treatment and at the end of treatment, it was found that the results were statistically highly significant with respect to improvement. Side effects were minimal in our participants. Thus, our study concludes that NB-UVB radiation is an effective and safe therapy for vitiligo.
Workplace Breastfeeding Support and Breastfeeding Practices among Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Ranjitha R , Maroof Khan Amir , Rajoura Om Prakash , Shah Dheeraj 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Working mothers face striking challenges in breastfeeding. It is important to focus on them to further improve breastfeeding rates.

Aim and Objectives:
To assess the workplace breastfeeding support and breastfeeding practices of healthcare professionals.

Methodology:
We conducted a cross-sectional study among two hospitals in East Delhi. All mothers having at least one child aged six months to five years and currently employed as healthcare personnel were included. For a sample size of 100, population proportionate to size sampling was done among two hospitals. The participants were randomly selected from a list of healthcare personnel. Employee perception of breastfeeding support questionnaire (EPBS-Q) was used to assess the workplace breastfeeding support. Chi-square test was used to compare proportions, logistic regression, and survival analysis to find the association between workplace breastfeeding support and IYCF parameters.

Results:
The proportion of mother who perceived poor workplace breastfeeding support was 37%. The mean (SD) score obtained was 103.48 (8.93). The early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour was practiced by 54%, exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months by 60%, and timely initiation of complementary feeding for six to eight months by 64% mothers. Workplace breastfeeding support was significantly associated with exclusively breastfeeding for at least six months.

Conclusions:
More than one-third of mothers perceived poor workplace breastfeeding, and it was associated with exclusive breastfeeding.
An Evaluation of Malaria Surveillance System in Punjab, India, 2020
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Goel Kapil , Kaushal Kanica , Grover Gagandeep S. , Dikid Tanzin , Singh Gurinder B. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
India accounted for 6% of global burden of malaria with 95% population residing in malaria endemic areas. However, Punjab is in the malaria elimination phase with annual parasite incidence (API) <1/1000 population.

Objectives:
We evaluated malaria surveillance system in Punjab using CDC’s updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems to provide recommendations for strengthening the existing system and to overcome the challenges in the path of malaria free Punjab.

Methods:
We chose two districts of Punjab, Amritsar (lowest API) and Mansa (highest API), interviewed stakeholders, and performed a retrospective desk review. We evaluated the overall usefulness of the system and assessed seven attributes at state, district, health facility, and village level during July–August 2020.

Results:
In Punjab, there was progressive decline in the malaria cases from 2,955 cases in 2009 to 1,140 in 2019 and no malaria deaths since 2011. Regarding various attributes, overall score for flexibility was good (85.9%); average for simplicity (77%), acceptability (74%), data quality (74%), and timeliness (70%); and poor for representativeness (59%) and stability (57%).

Conclusions:
Malaria surveillance system was useful in analyzing the trends of morbidity and mortality and for generating data to drive policy decisions. To improve stability, representativeness, and acceptability, surveillance staff should not be engaged in supplemental work, and reports from private sector must be ensured. Supportive supervision and regular trainings should be carried out regarding reporting formats, guidelines, and timely epidemiological investigations to improve timeliness, data quality, and simplicity.
Effect of Self-Directed Learning Module and Assessment on Learning of National Health Programme by Medical Undergraduates – A Mixed Methods Evaluation
Authors: Rajalakshmi M , Ganapathy Kalaiselvan 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum in India has introduced many new concepts like a foundation course, early clinical exposure, and self-directed learning (SDL). Sometimes SDL simply means self-study. Self-directed learning as defined by Knowles is a process in which individuals take the initiative with or without the help of others in diagnosing their learning needs, setting their own learning goals, identifying appropriate learning resources, and selecting appropriate learning strategies. SDL is seen as a prerequisite for life-long learners, especially medical graduates. We found poor uptake of SDL sessions in terms of learning and attendance by students. To develop and assess the effect of the SDL module in Community Medicine for Phase -3 MBBS students.

Materials and Methods:
The study design was a program development and evaluation design. The program development consists of free listing and Nominal Group Technique (NGT). The evaluation design consists of a formative assessment, an end-of-module assessment, and feedback from undergraduate students, postgraduates, and faculties. Data collection procedure: SDL module was developed, agreed and implemented among undergraduates of Phase – 3 MBBS students.

Results:
Free listing was conducted among undergraduate students who had completed the phase 3 MBBS examination and Nominal Group Technique was conducted among the faculties (n = 7) and Postgraduates of the Department of Community Medicine (n = 2) to explore the appropriate topics for SDL in Community Medicine. The topic with the highest ranking and which was finalized for preparation of the SDL module was “National Health Programme”. Three fourth 118 (75%) of the students scored ≥50% at the end of the module assessment. Manual content analysis for the feedback was categorized into three themes such as facilitating factors, challenges, and solutions.

Conclusions:
Effective implementation and assessment of SDL sessions are one of the new concepts in the CBME curriculum.
QTc Interval of Healthcare Workers from India: Baseline and Effect of Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gutte Shreyas , Gurjar Mohan , Sanjeev Om Prakash , Bhadauria Dharmendra , Kapoor Aditya , Mishra Prabhaker , Azim Afzal , Poddar Banani 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The aim of this study was to access the incidence of prolonged QTc interval and changes, if any, among Indian healthcare workers (HCWs) taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) prophylaxis while managing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases.

Methods:
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) policy, HCWs were advised to take HCQ as prophylaxis after getting an electrocardiogram (ECG) while being posted to look after COVID-19 patients. A follow-up ECG was repeated for those who took HCQ. The normal upper limit for QTc interval of 460 milliseconds (ms) for females and 450 ms for males was considered.

Results:
A baseline ECG was analyzed for 250 HCWs with a median age of 35 (30–43) years. The median QTc was 410 (395–421) ms with the prevalence of prolonged QTc of 1.8% in females and 0% in males. A follow-up ECG after HCQ intake for 43 HCWs was further analyzed. They had a median age of 35 (31–39) years and took an average dose of HCQ of 2372 ± 839 mg. Pre- and post-HCQ chemoprophylaxis QTc interval (ms) was as follows: 408 (386–419) and 405 (387–417), with P = 0.434, respectively.

Conclusion:
Among Indian HCWs, the prevalence of prolonged QTc is 1.8% and 0% in females and males, respectively. HCQ intake as chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19 did not affect their QTc interval.
Attention to the Bone Health of a Neglected Rural-Tribal Population in India: A Pilot Study
Authors: Raj Vikash , Barik Sitanshu , Raj Manish 
Published: May 2023

Objective:
The aim of this pilot study was to analyze the need and feasibility of conducting prospective research on the epidemiological factors of bone mineral density (BMD) in the at-risk population in a rural and tribal-dominated area based on a screening test.

Methods:
This community-based retrospective cross-sectional study was based on data from the medical records from July 2021 to September 2021 at community camps organized in a rural area of Deoghar district of Jharkhand, India, and the at-risk patients who had undergone ultrasound-based BMD measurement were included in this study.

Results:
The mean age of the patients (N = 216) was 68.2 ± 10.2 years (range 35–73 years) with a mean T-score of -0.83 ± 0.09 (range -2.78–0.3, 95% CI 0.19). 70.3% (n = 152) of the patients were diagnosed as either osteopenic or osteoporotic based on the T-score. 14.8% (n = 32) of the patients had a comorbidity making them susceptible for low BMD. BMD was significantly low in patients above 60 years of age (t - 3.36, P – 0.0005), presence of comorbidity (t – 3.12, P – 0.001), and urban population (t - -1.93, P – 0.02).

Conclusion:
Although DEXA remains the study of choice, QUS can be used in primary healthcare systems in the developing world for the purposes of screening. Females, elderly, and urban residence have an increased chance of low BMD. This pilot study shows that a large-scale prospective study analyzing various aspects of bone health including dietary and lifestyle practices is the need of the hour.
Assessment of Home-Based Care for Young Child (HBYC) Program in Aspirational Districts of Madhya Pradesh, India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Das Priyanka , Singh Manish , Sakalle Shailesh K. , Bhargava Saurabh , Khanna Rajat , Ganvir Dipak R. , Singh Ravindra , Goel Nimisha , Yadav Vivek , Bhat Ashfaq A. 
Published: May 2023

Context:
In 2018, Government of India initiated Home-Based Care for Young Child (HBYC) program having five quarterly structured home visits for children age 3 to 15 months to promote early childhood development. Assess knowledge and practices of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHAs), other health functionaries, and mothers related to HBYC. Cross-sectional evaluation design with ASHAs, AWWs, ANMs, ASHA, and mothers of 3 to 15 month’s children as participants.

Material and Methods:
Knowledge and practices of 801 ASHAs, 200 other health functionaries, and 787 mothers were assessed on exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, hand washing, iron folic acid (IFA) and oral rehydration solution (ORS) supplementation, danger referral signs in eight aspirational districts of Madhya Pradesh.

Results:
88% ASHAs had correct knowledge on ORS, 85% on complementary feeding, 85% on adequacy of IFA, and 47% on danger signs which required child referral. Similarly, 85% of mothers had knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding, 40% mothers knew about complementary feeding, and only 18% knew correct ORS preparation. Statistically significant association was observed between ASHAs home visits and availability of ORS with mothers and their knowledge on correct Initiation of IFA (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Findings of study confirmed majority of health functionaries were aware about roles, responsibilities, and key tasks under HBYC. However, there observed a gap in knowledge transfer by health functionaries and thus inadequate translation of knowledge into practices among mothers on HBYC. This necessitates the need of appropriate actions from health system strengthening to capacity building to accelerate uptake of HBYC program.