bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensheathing glia promote increased lifespan and healthy brain aging
Authors: Sheng Lihong , Shields Emily J. , Gospocic Janko , Sorida Masato , Ju Linyang , Byrns China N. , Carranza Faith , Berger Shelley L. , Bonini Nancy , Bonasio Roberto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGlia have an emergent role in brain aging and disease. In the Drosophila melanogaster brain, ensheathing glia function as phagocytic cells and respond to acute neuronal damage, analogous to mammalian microglia. We previously reported changes in glia composition over the life of ants and fruit flies, including a decline in the relative proportion of ensheathing glia with time. How these changes influence brain health and life expectancy is unknown. Here, we show that ensheathing glia but not astrocytes decrease in number during Drosophila melanogaster brain aging. The remaining ensheathing glia display dysregulated expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and apoptosis, which may lead to lipid droplet accumulation, cellular dysfunction, and death. Inhibition of apoptosis rescued the decline of ensheathing glia with age, improved the neuromotor performance of aged flies, and extended lifespan. Furthermore, an expanded ensheathing glia population prevented amyloid‐beta accumulation in a fly model of Alzheimer's disease and delayed the premature death of the diseased animals. These findings suggest that ensheathing glia play a vital role in regulating brain health and animal longevity.
Influence of androgens on the innate immune system
Authors: Vancolen Seline , Sébire Guillaume , Robaire Bernard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSexual dimorphism is observed in the occurrence, course, and severity of human disease. The difference in immune response between males and females can in part be attributed to sexual genotype. However, immunological differences can also be explained by endocrine–immune interactions. Specifically, androgens possess the ability of directly modulating the development and function of immune cells. Although androgens generally contribute to immunosuppressive effects, this is not necessarily always the case.AimThe aim of the review is to uncover the role of androgens in shaping the innate immune response.Material & MethodsAuthors included papers in this review which discussed the impact of androgens on specific innate immune cells.ResultsAndrogens modulate the innate immune response through various mechanisms. However, there is conflicting evidence in the literature regarding the interplay betwen androgens and the innate immune system.DiscussionConflicting evidence presented in this review could in part be explained by the limitations present in interpreting results.ConclusionThis review is of great importance for our understanding of occurence and mechanism of human inflammatory disease.
Vaccination timeliness of preterm infants hospitalised in a neonatal intensive care unit in Denmark
Authors: Baggesgaard Christine Manich Bech , Poulsen Anja , Dungu Kia Hee Schultz , Jensen Lotte , Rahimi Hanna , Aunsholt Lise , Lund Stine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimIn Denmark, preterm infants are recommended to receive childhood vaccinations without correction for gestational age. This study aimed to describe the timeliness of the Danish Childhood Vaccination Program in preterm infants during the first 13 months of life and to evaluate possible determinants of delay.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included preterm infants admitted to a level III neonatal intensive care unit between October 2019 and October 2020. Clinical data were retrieved from medical records and the Danish Vaccination Register. Timely vaccination was defined corresponding to chronological age of 3‐, 5‐ and 12 months, within a time interval of 30 days before to 29 days after the expected date.ResultsAnalyses included 365 infants. Timely vaccination occurred in 91%, 83% and 67% of preterm infants for the first, second and third vaccination, respectively, and timeliness was highest if born before gestational age 28 weeks. Gestational age 28–31 + 6 weeks and delayed former vaccinations negatively influenced the timeliness of the following vaccinations.ConclusionMost preterm infants received the first vaccination timely; however, timeliness decreased with each subsequent vaccination. Efforts to improve timeliness should focus on counselling healthcare personnel and parents to follow the recommendations for the first and the following vaccinations.
Psychological well‐being in persons with dementia: The role of caregiver expressed emotion
Authors: Safavi Roxanne , Wearden Alison , Berry Katherine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesDementia is a growing health concern. Persons with dementia experience higher levels of anxiety and depression, which correlates with poorer quality of life, disability and hospitalization. This is one of the few studies to use a longitudinal design to assess the impact of expressed emotion (EE) on well‐being in dementia over time.MethodsSixty‐one people with dementia and their main informal caregiver were recruited from memory services. Caregiver EE was coded from a Camberwell Family Interview conducted at time one. Person with dementia's outcome measures (quality of life, depression and anxiety) were collected at time one and at 6‐months follow‐up.ResultsCaregiver high EE was associated with higher levels of depression in people with dementia and greater anxiety at follow‐up. Emotional over involvement predicted greater anxiety and critical comments predicted greater depression. Low EE appeared to have a protective effect on well‐being in people with dementia. People with dementia with low EE caregivers experienced a small reduction in depression and anxiety over time, whereas those with high‐EE caregivers maintained baseline levels of depression and anxiety.ConclusionsCaregiver high EE is associated with poorer psychological outcomes for people with dementia over time. Psychological therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy informed family interventions should be used to reduce high EE within carer and person with dementia relationships.
Longitudinal comparisons of self‐affirmation approaches for sun protection
Authors: Shorey Fennell Bethany , Magnan Renee E. , Hunt Robin L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesSelf‐affirmation approaches for health behaviour demonstrate consistent small to medium effects on message acceptance, health intentions and behaviour change. There are several forms of self‐affirmation (e.g., values affirmations, implementation intentions), but few empirical comparisons to guide selection in empirical work. Further, there has been little emphasis on the putative mechanisms of self‐affirmation driving behaviour change. The current investigation compared a control and four self‐affirmation approaches: values, social, implementation intention, and perspective taking.MethodsParticipants were recruited through CloudResearch (N = 666) and reported baseline sun exposure and protection behaviour at Time 1. One week later (Time 2), returning participants (N = 535) were randomly assigned to condition, viewed a message conveying risks of sun exposure, and reported sun exposure and protection intentions for the next week. Follow‐up one week later (Time 3; N = 449) assessed past week sun exposure (i.e., number of days spent outside during peak hours), sun protection behaviour (e.g., sunscreen use), future sun exposure and protection intentions and engagement with resources conveying further health information (i.e., viewing infographics, following links to websites with more information). The association of putative mechanisms with self‐affirmation conditions and health outcomes was also examined.ResultsUnexpectedly, there were few differences between self‐affirmation conditions and the control on intentions, information seeking, or behaviour at follow‐up. At follow‐up, perspective circle participants reported fewer days spent outside, spent longer viewing infographics, and, along with social values participants, followed more weblinks seeking information than control participants. The putative mechanisms were unrelated to health outcomes.ConclusionsThe current investigation was a first step in comparing novel online self‐affirmation approaches and had largely null findings. Results suggest that the perspective circle performed best at promoting information seeking and, to some extent, behaviour change. Suggestions for future directions are discussed.
An integrative epigenomic approach identifies ELF3 as an oncogenic regulator in ASCL1‐positive neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Horie Masafumi , Tanaka Hidenori , Suzuki Masami , Sato Yoshihiko , Takata So , Takai Erina , Miyashita Naoya , Saito Akira , Nakatani Yoichiro , Yachida Shinichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a highly aggressive subtype of the neuroendocrine tumor with an extremely poor prognosis. We have previously conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of over 100 cases of NEC of the gastrointestinal system (GIS‐NEC) and unraveled its unique and organ‐specific genomic drivers. However, the epigenomic features of GIS‐NEC remain unexplored. In this study, we have described the epigenomic landscape of GIS‐NEC and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) by integrating motif enrichment analysis from the assay of transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC‐seq) and enhancer profiling from a novel cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) assay for H3K27ac and identified ELF3 as one of the super‐enhancer–related transcriptional factors in NEC. By combining CUT&Tag and knockdown RNA sequencing for ELF3, we uncovered the transcriptional network regulated by ELF3 and defined its distinctive gene signature, including AURKA, CDC25B, CLDN4, ITGB6, and YWAHB. Furthermore, a loss‐of‐function assay revealed that ELF3 depletion led to poor cell viability. Finally, using gene expression of clinical samples, we successfully divided GIS‐NEC patients into two subgroups according to the ELF3 signature and demonstrated that tumor‐promoting pathways were activated in the ELF3 signature–high group. Our findings highlight the transcriptional regulation of ELF3 as an oncogenic transcription factor and its tumor‐promoting properties in NEC.
Synthetic corticotropins and the GABA‐receptor system: Direct and delayed effects
Authors: Vyunova Tatiana V. , Andreeva Ludmila A. , Shevchenko Konstantin V. , Glazova Nataliya Yu. , Sebentsova Elena A. , Levitskaya Natalia G. , Myasoedov Nikolay F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe central effectors of the stress system are greatly interconnected and include, among others, a large group of peptides derived from proopiomelanocortin. In addition to natural corticotropins, a number of artificial molecules that contain some ACTH fragments in their structure are also referred to members of this family. Some of them possess a wide range of biological activity. The molecular mechanism underlying the biological activity of such peptides is partly based on allosteric modulation of various receptors. We analyzed the ability of some biologically active synthetic corticotropins (ACTH(4‐7)PGP, ACTH(6‐9)PGP, ACTH(7‐10)PGP), and glyproline PGPL to affect the GABA‐receptor system of rat brain. The effects of the peptides were studied in the isolated plasma membranes of brain cells, as well as after systemic peptide administration in the rat model of acute restraint stress. The delayed effect of stress or preadministration of each of the studied peptides on [3H]GABA binding was different for its high‐ and low‐affinity‐specific sites. The studied peptides individually affected the binding of [3H]GABA in their own way. Acute restraint stress caused a decrease in [3H]GABA binding at its low‐affine site and did not affected the high‐affine site. Preliminary peptide administration did not influence this effect of stress.
The beneficial effect of sleep on behavioral health problems in youth is disrupted by prenatal cannabis exposure: A causal random forest analysis of Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development data
Authors: Spechler Philip A. , Gutierrez Roman M. , Tapert Susan F. , Thompson Wesley K. , Paulus Martin P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStudies suggest prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with mood/behavioral problems in children. However, it is unclear if targeting modifiable domains like sleep behaviors would improve outcomes in exposed youth. Using a causal inference framework, the effect of changing sleep‐hours on changing internalizing/externalizing problems in children was examined using the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development™ study baseline (ages 9–10; collected during 2016–2018) and year‐1 follow‐up data (N = 9825; 4663 female; 5196 white). Average treatment effects (ATE) indicated that more sleep predicted less internalizing (ATE = −.34, SE = .08, p < .001) and externalizing (ATE = −.29, SE = .07, p < .001) problems over time. However, prenatal cannabis exposure moderated the ATE on internalizing (conditional‐ATE = .91, SE = .39, p = .019), whereby participants with exposure (n = 605) did not show any effect of changing sleep‐hours on mood (B = .09, SE = .24).
Systematic evaluation of narrow‐sense validity of polygenic risk score for prostate cancer in a Chinese prostate biopsy cohort
Authors: Wu Yishuo , Ruan Xiaohao , Gao Peng , Da Huang , Fang Zujun , Xu Danfeng , Jiang Haowen , Ding Qiang , Lin Xiaoling , Lu Daru , Na Rong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the narrow‐sense validity of polygenic risk score (PRS) for prostate cancer (PCa) in a Chinese prostate biopsy cohort. We performed an observational prospective study with 2640 men who underwent prostate biopsy. Germline DNA samples were genotyped and PRS was calculated for each subject using 17 PCa risk‐associated genetic variants. Additional GWAS data of the ChinaPCa dataset was also used to compliment the evaluation process. The mean PRS was 1.02 in patients with negative biopsy results, which met the baseline benchmark. The mean PRS was significantly higher in the PCa cases (1.32 vs. 1.02, p = 5.56 × 10−17). Significant dose–response associations between PRS values and odds ratios for PCa were observed. However, the raw calibration slope was 0.524 and the average bias score between the observed risk and uncorrected PRS value was 0.307 in the entire biopsy cohort. After applying a correction factor derived from a training set, the corrected calibration slope improved to 1.002 in a testing set. Similar and satisfied results were also seen in the ChinaPCa dataset and two datasets combined, while the calibration results were inaccurate when the calibration process were performed mutually between two different study populations. In conclusion, assessing the narrow‐sense validity of PRS is necessary prior to its clinical implementation for accurate individual risk assessment.
Age associations with tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable Black and White kidney transplant recipients: Implications for health inequities
Authors: Tornatore Kathleen M. , Attwood Kristopher , Venuto Rocco C. , Murray Brian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) provide maintenance immunosuppression and is dosed empirically in elderly kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) resulting in health inequities. Limited immunosuppressive pharmacokinetics are available comparing adult ages. This secondary analysis compared TAC and MPA pharmacokinetics and adverse effects (AEs) among young, middle‐aged, and elderly Black and White KTRs. The 12‐h TAC and MPA pharmacokinetics with AE evaluation were conducted in 67 stable KTRs greater than or equal to 6 months post‐transplant. TAC regimens were adjusted to target troughs. MPA regimens were adjusted using clinical response. Participants were: young: less than or equal to 40 years; middle age: greater than 40 to 60 years, and elderly greater than 60 years. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis determined area under the concentration‐time curve 0–12 h (AUC0‐12h), clearance (CL), and CL/body mass index (BMI) with 0‐h troughs. MPA enterohepatic recirculation (EHR), MPA‐AUC6‐12h/MPA‐AUC0‐12h, and MPA glucuronide (MPAG)‐AUC0‐12h/MPA‐AUC0‐12h were determined. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using SAS version 9.4. No group differences were noted for estimated glomerular filtration rate, MPA, and TAC doses. EHR was reduced in elderly with decreased MPA‐AUC6‐12h/MPA‐AUC0‐12h (p = 0.049) and increased MPAG‐AUC0‐12h/MPA‐AUC0‐12h (p = 0.036). MPA troughs (p = 0.045) were reduced in the elderly. TAC CL/BMI (p = 0.043) was reduced in the elderly. For therapeutic MPA AUC0‐12h: 30–60 mg·h/L, 34.3% KTRs achieved this target with 55.2% greater than the therapeutic range. 77.6% KTR were in the TAC AUC0‐12h target: 100–190 ng·h/mL and 19.4% were below this range with no age relationship. In 44% young, 26% middle‐age and 7.8% elderly subjects achieved target AUC0‐12h for both medications (p = 0.036). Neurologic AEs were manifested in the elderly (p = 0.014). Immunosuppressive pharmacokinetics demonstrated age‐related differences with reduced TAC CL/BMI and MPA EHR and increased neurologic AE in the elderly. This immunosuppressive regimen may require age‐adjusted individualization to optimize allograft function.
Electrophysiological signature of the interplay between habits and inhibition in response to smoking‐related cues in individuals with a smoking habit: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Dampuré Julien , Agudelo‐Orjuela Paola , van der Meij Maartje , Belin David , Barber Horacio A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe rigid, stimulus‐bound nature of drug seeking that characterizes substance use disorder (SUD) has been related to a dysregulation of motivational and early attentional reflexive and inhibitory reflective systems. However, the mechanisms by which these systems are engaged by drug‐paired conditioned stimuli (CSs) when they promote the enactment of seeking habits in individuals with a SUD have not been elucidated. The present study aimed behaviourally and electrophysiologically to characterize the nature of the interaction between the reflexive and reflective systems recruited by CSs in individuals with a smoking habit. We measured the behavioural performance and associated event‐related potentials (ERPs) of 20 individuals with a smoking habit and 20 controls, who never smoked regularly, in a modified Go/NoGo task during which smoking‐related CSs, appetitive and neutral pictures, presented either in first or third‐person visual perspective were displayed 250 ms before the Go/NoGo cue. We show that smoking‐related cues selectively influence early incentive motivation‐related attention bias (N2 after picture onset), motor readiness and behavioural inhibition (Go‐P3, NoGo‐P3 and Pc) of individuals with a smoking habit only when presented from a first‐person visual perspective. These data together identify the neural signature of the aberrant engagement of the reflexive and reflective systems during the recruitment of an incentive habit by CSs presented as if they had been response‐produced, that is, as conditioned reinforcers.
Trait‐dependent diversification in angiosperms: Patterns, models and data
Authors: Helmstetter Andrew J. , Zenil‐Ferguson Rosana , Sauquet Hervé , Otto Sarah P. , Méndez Marcos , Vallejo‐Marin Mario , Schönenberger Jürg , Burgarella Concetta , Anderson Bruce , de Boer Hugo , Glémin Sylvain , Käfer Jos 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVariation in species richness across the tree of life, accompanied by the incredible variety of ecological and morphological characteristics found in nature, has inspired many studies to link traits with species diversification. Angiosperms are a highly diverse group that has fundamentally shaped life on earth since the Cretaceous, and illustrate how species diversification affects ecosystem functioning. Numerous traits and processes have been linked to differences in species richness within this group, but we know little about their relative importance and how they interact. Here, we synthesised data from 152 studies that used state‐dependent speciation and extinction (SSE) models on angiosperm clades. Intrinsic traits related to reproduction and morphology were often linked to diversification but a set of universal drivers did not emerge as traits did not have consistent effects across clades. Importantly, SSE model results were correlated to data set properties – trees that were larger, older or less well‐sampled tended to yield trait‐dependent outcomes. We compared these properties to recommendations for SSE model use and provide a set of best practices to follow when designing studies and reporting results. Finally, we argue that SSE model inferences should be considered in a larger context incorporating species' ecology, demography and genetics.
RETRACTED: The evaluation of enterprise supply chain intelligent manufacturing system for agricultural interconnection data based on machine learning
Authors: Yu Caili , Li Liang , Li Junlong , Qin Peng , Zhang Bei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present work aims to promote the modernization of the real economy and facilitate the manufacturing industry to construct an intelligent manufacturing system. Analysis and evaluation are performed on the intelligent manufacturing system (IMS) of enterprises under the Internet of Things (IoT). First, the connotation and characteristics of machine learning (ML) in the era of IoT are explained, followed by the introduction to neural networks. Second, the optimization process of the neural network is described. Since it has no memory, the traditional deep neural network (DNN) needs to be improved. Then, the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) is utilized to expand the sample data. Moreover, the confusion matrix is used in the indicator evaluation. The backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA) to improve the network configuration and model performance. In addition, the connotation and development status of IMS are analysed, and the feasibility of applying deep learning to the evaluation of IMS is discussed. Finally, the evaluation model of IMS is designed and built via a neural network, which is ultimately verified in the simulation experiment. The experimental results indicate that the BPNN‐GA algorithm has advantages in predicting fitting accuracy, taking up less memory, and shortening training time; it can achieve generalization and accuracy in the forefront of optimal Pareto value, and the fitting accuracy attains 95.3%. The horizontal evaluation of IMS proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the evaluation model. This shows that the BPNN‐GA algorithm has an excellent evaluation effect on IMS. And the IMS evaluation model is applied to assess the IMS of sample enterprises. The evaluation results demonstrate that there are problems in the current manufacturing industry. For example, the transactions are challenging to be completed smoothly, information technology is updated slowly, and IMS is dependent on collecting resources.