bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Transplantable Tumors by Adoptive Transfer of Spleen Cells from Immunized Rats
Authors: Fish Donald C. , Djurickovic Draginja B. , Huebner Robert J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Fischer 344 rats were specifically hyperimmunized with allogeneic, nonvirus-producing [Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (KiMSV)] or syngeneic, virus-producing [KiMSV (Rasheed)] rat tumors. Spleen cells taken from these rats adoptively transferred protection against a 100 to 1,000 X rat tumor dose50 cell challenge with several different transplantable rat tumors. Protection was obtained with spleen cells after removal of adherent cells and macrophages but not peritoneal cells. The spleen cells were not directly cytotoxic but required more than 3 days residence in the recipient before protecting the recipient against challenge. No protection against tumor cell challenge was observed when spleen cells were lethally x-ray irradiated before injection into nontreated rats. Spleen cells taken from rats immunized with normal histocompatibility antigens did not protect in this test system.
Imbalances of T Cell Subpopulations in Patients with Atopic Diseases and Effect of Specific Immunotherapy
Authors: Canonica Giorgio Walter , Mingari Maria Cristina , Melioli Giovanni , Colombatti Marco , Moretta Lorenzo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reduced numbers of T cells with Fc receptors for IgG (TG cells) are present in blood samples of patients with respiratory allergic disease, mainly those with severe symptoms, TG cells have been previously shown to be suppressor in the pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) dependent B cell differentiation. T cells with Fc receptor for IgM (TM cells), which help immunoglobulin production, are in a normal range. After specific hyposensitization, resulting in a sharp improvement of clinical symptoms, TG cell subset reached normal values.
Ligand-Activated T Cell Growth Factor-Induced Proliferation: Absorption of T Cell Growth Factor by Activated T Cells
Authors: Bonnard G. D. , Yasaka K. , Jacobson D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The fate in culture of the T cell growth factor (TCGF), which is required for continued growth of human cultured T cells (CTC) in vitro, was studied. TCGF activity was stable for 7 days at 37°C. However, it was no longer detectable after incubation with actively growing CTC at 37°C for 3 days. This loss of TCGF activity also occurred quite rapidly and was detectable within 1 hr of incubation of 0.3 ml supernatant with 2 to 5 × 107 CTC at 23°C. 2 × 108 mononuclear peripheral blood leukocytes were not effective in removing TCGF activity, and incubation with similar numbers of cells from B and T cell lines had no effect. Three-day-old concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin blasts were very reactive with TCGF, so that 107 or 2 × 107 cells consistently removed TCGF activity. These experiments suggested specific absorption of TCGF by activated T cells, and led us to develop a model of ligand-activated TCGF-induced proliferation of T cells: Ligands induce production of TCGF by T-producer cells and deliver a first signal to the T-responder cells. This causes a receptor for TCGF to appear on T-responder cells. Only then does TCGF deliver the obligatory second signal that is needed to drive the T-responder cells into proliferation.
Regulation of the Murine IgE Antibody Response
Authors: Schwenk Robert J. , Kudo Koichiro , Miyamoto Motoko , Sehon Alec H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anti-ovalbumin (OA) IgE antibody responses were measured in B6D2F1 mice as a function of time and antigen dose. One hundred to 200 µg of OA in Al(OH)3 elicited transient responses, whereas 1 to 10 µg of OA in Al(OH)3 elicited persistent anti-OA IgE responses of high titer. T cells isolated from the spleens of mice mounting either a persistent or a transient response strongly suppressed primary anti-DNP IgE responses in unirradiated recipient mice that were immunized with DNP-OA in Al(OH)3; it was, therefore, concluded that suppressor T cells (Ts cells) were activated during both the persistent and transient IgE responses. Nevertheless, in the present study it was not possible to completely rule out the contention that IgG antibodies may also have been suppressing the IgE response. With a modified adoptive transfer system, it was shown that these Ts cells were sensitive to low doses (250 R) of x-irradiation. The suppressive activity of long-term OA primed cells was also shown to be markedly enhanced when cultured for 24 hr with soluble OA; this finding was interpreted to indicate the presence of memory suppressor cells.
Defective Fc Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis in C3H/HeJ Macrophages
Authors: Vogel Stefanie N. , Rosenstreich David L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Macrophages derived from LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice lose their ability to phagocytose opsonized SRBC (EA) after 24 hr of in vitro culture, whereas macrophages from normal mice exhibit a marked increase in phagocytosis of EA under the same culture conditions. Defective phagocytosis is not due to a decrease in macrophage number or viability and appears to be specific for Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis, since phagocytosis of latex particles by C3H/HeJ macrophages is normal. The phagocytic defect appears to be due to a decrease in the binding ability or number of Fc receptors, since C3H/HeJ macrophages exhibit a loss of Fc binding ability that parallels the loss in their phagocytic ability. Cultured macrophages from LPS responsive (C3H/HeN) mice maintain their ability to bind EA after 48 hr culture.
This Fc receptor defect appears to be secondary to a failure of C3H/HeJ macrophages to maintain a differentiated state in vitro, since induction of differentiation of C3H/HeJ macrophages with the supernatant derived from Con A-treated spleen cells (CS) results in an almost complete restoration of both their ability to bind and phagocytose EA. The activity of CS appears to be due to a lymphokine, since it is not present in the culture supernatants of unstimulated spleen cells and is not produced by Con A alone.
These findings emphasize the close association between the induction of macrophage differentiation and the sensitivity of these cells to LPS. Furthermore, they suggest that one function of the Lps gene may be to regulate the ability of cells to respond to physiologic differentiation signals in addition to or instead of lipid A.
Further Characterization of the Human Inducer T Cell Subset Defined by Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Reinherz Ellis L. , Kung Patrick C. , Goldstein Gideon , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Evidence is presented that the OKT4+ T cell subset in man, defined by a monoclonal hybridoma antibody, provides help for B lymphocyte differentiation in a PWM driven system. Both B cell proliferation and intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin synthesis are facilitated by OKT4+ and not by OKT4- T cells. Given earlier studies demonstrating that OKT4+ T cells were necessary for generation of T cytotoxic cells and the present study that OKT4+ T cells are necessary for the differentiation of B cells, it would appear that the OKT4+ population is the major human T helper (inducer) subset.
The Qa-2 Antigen on Lymphocyte Subpopulations. Mixed Lymphocyte Culture and Cell-Mediated Lympholysis
Authors: Sullivan Karen A. , Flaherty Lorraine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Treatments of spleen cells from Qa-2+ strains with Qa-2 antiserum plus complement (C) have revealed that the Qa-2 antigen is present on restricted functional lymphocyte subpopulations. Anti-Qa-2 plus C reduced the mixed lymphocyte culture response and inhibited the generation of cytolytic effector cells. This treatment, however, did not affect cytolytic effector cells once they were generated.
A new lymphocyte surface protein present in normal urine. II. Cellular distribution and biologic properties.
Authors: Velosa J A , Calvanico N J , Anderson W L , Tomasi T B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A protein component present in normal human urine has been found on the surface of epidermal cells and lymphocytes. This protein, called urinary acidic antigen (UA), can not be detected in concentrated fractions of normal human serum by double immunodiffusion, suggesting that it is quickly cleared from the circulation. It is readily detected, however, in sera of patients with renal failure. Although it can be eliminated from the cell surface by repeated washings with PBS, it was shown to cap with anti-UA-specific antiserum. Anti-UA suppresses PWM-induced proliferation, but not the lymphocyte response to PHA, Con A, or allogeneic cells. Thus UA appears to have a specific relationship to the pokeweed response. Whether it is a structural component of the PWM receptor is uncertain.
Regulation of myeloma growth in vitro by idiotype-specific T lymphocytes.
Authors: Flood P M , Philipps C , Taupier M A , Schreiber H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with purified BALB/c myeloma protein (MP) caused idiotype-specific suppression of DNA synthesis and colony formation by myeloma cells in vitro. Lymphocytes from mice immunized with 315-MP inhibited only MOPC-315 plasmacytoma cells; conversely, lymphocytes from mice immunized with 167-MP inhibited only MOPC-167 plasmacytoma cells. Antisera from those mice that showed cell-mediated inhibition of myeloma growth had no significant effect. The suppressive activity of the spleen cells was markedly reduced by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 and complement, and the immune cells responsible for the suppression did not adhere to nylon wool. The suppressor cells adsorbed to myeloma protein-coated plates, and after elution, inhibited myeloma cells specifically at a 1:1 effector to target cell ratio. Suppression of myeloma growth was due to cytostatic rather than cytolytic effects. These findings suggest that mice immunized with purified myeloma protein have idiotype-specific T cells that can regulate myeloma cell growth. This mechanism may provide an explanation for the transplantation resistance to myelomas induced by immunization with myeloma protein. Similar idiotype-specific T cells may also play a role in the idiotype-specific regulation of immune responses by acting late in differentiation to block the proliferation of antibody-secreting normal B cells.
Analysis of cytotoxic effector cell function in patients with leukemia or aplastic anemia before and after marrow transplantation.
Authors: Livnat S , Seigneuret M , Storb R , Prentice R L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cytotoxic effector cells mediating natural killing (NK), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC) were studied in patients with leukemia or aplastic anemia before and/or after marrow transplantation. Before transplantation, about one-third to one-half of the patients were deficient in cytotoxic activity. In patients with leukemia, this was most likely due to large numbers of circulating blast cells diluting or replacing the effector cells. In patients with aplastic anemia there was an apparent absence of the effector cells in a proportion of the patients. After marrow transplantation, cytotoxic activity in all three systems returned to normal rapidly, by 30 days, and remained so through 100 days. However, about 20% of patients studied beyond 1 year were deficient in these functions. There were no significant associations between cytotoxic activity and important clinical parameters including infections, graft-vs-host disease, and recurrence of leukemia. Our findings do not support an immunosurveillance role for NK against leukemia after marrow transplantation. Furthermore, they point out the need for new in vitro approaches for meaningful monitoring of marrow transplant patients. Finally, our results showed a significant discordance between NK, ADCC, and LDCC activities in these immunologically perturbed individuals, indicating that either different cell populations or different cellular mechanisms are involved in these cytotoxic functions.
Inhibition of the immune response by Fc receptor-bound specific antibody on T lymphocytes.
Authors: Setcavage T M , Kim Y B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Removal of naturally occurring membrane-bound antibody from the surface of nonadherent spleen cells by pronase enhances the in vitro plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes, and this enhancement can be abrogated by preincubation of the enzyme-treated cells in anti-sheep red blood cell antibody. This inhibitory effect is specific in that prior absorption with sheep erythrocytes but not with noncross-reacting red blood cells removes the activity from antibody-containing preparations. Whole IgG molecules are necessary to bind to Fc receptor; F(ab')2 fragments do not inhibit. The functionally significant Fc receptor-bound antibody in this system is found on the T lymphocyte.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced immunomodulation of the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. I. Suppression of the development of cytotoxic lymphocytes.
Authors: Vallera D A , Pflugfelder U , Schmidtke J R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide from a variety of Gram-negative organisms suppresses the development of cytotoxic killer cells in the murine MLC. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were generated in vitro by incubating BALB/c responder spleen cells with irradiated C57BL/6 stimulator cells for 5 days in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The addition of LPS at the initiation of MLC suppressed killing of 51Cr-labeled target cells in a dose-dependent manner. LPS was active only during the afferent phase of CMC, since it did not interfere with the efferent phase of the assay. Furthermore, timed addition and timed removal studies suggested that the presence of LPS during the first 48 hr of MLC was critical for maximal suppression of CMC. Lipid A extracted from LPS, which had been shown to be highly suppressive when added to the sensitization phase of the CMC assay, was also inhibitory. Moreover, when LPS was added to MLC in the presence of tritiated thymidine, the proliferative activity of the responder cells increased markedly after 72 hr of culture. These data suggest that LPS, a known B cell mitogen, can modulate the complex sequence of cellular interactions that leads to the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Macrophage-mediated suppression. I. Evidence for participation of both hdyrogen peroxide and prostaglandins in suppression of murine lymphocyte proliferation.
Authors: Metzger Z , Hoffeld J T , Oppenheim J J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Macrophage-mediated suppression of Con A induced proliferation of murine splenic lymphocytes was studied in vitro. Either Corynebacterium parvrum-induced peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) or thioglycollate-induced PEC could totally suppress lymphocyte proliferation at a PEC:lymphocyte ratio of 2:10, whereas a ratio of 1 to 1.5: 10 caused a partial (60 to 68%) suppression. Exogenous PGE1 and PGE2 at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M could not totally suppress lymphocyte proliferation. Conversely, indomethacin reversed the partial suppression by macrophages but only partially protected the totally suppressed lymphocyte cultures. Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity and cytostasis have been proposed to be mediated by hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide was investigated as a possible additional cause for macrophage-mediated suppression, by testing the anti-inhibitory effects of catalase. Partially suppressed cultures were effectively protected from suppression by catalase. In totally suppressed cultures, catalase alone was only minimally effective, but a synergistic effect of catalase and indomethacin was obtained, which provided complete protection from maximal macrophage-mediated suppression. Catalase presumably contributes to the reversal of macrophage suppressive effects both by reducing the direct toxic effect of H2O2 and by preventing the H2O2 from generating additional prostaglandins.
Specific clonal regulation in the response to phosphocholine. I. Genetic analysis of the response of a distinct idiotype (M511 Id).
Authors: Ruppert V J , Williams K , Claflin J L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genetic basis of the BALB/c anti-PC response pattern was studied in allotype and H-2 congenic mouse strains. In both a T-dependent (PC-KLH) and a T-independent (R36A) system, one of the major anti-PC idiotypes, the M511 IdI, is under specific clonal regulation. The expression of the two other major anti-PC idiotypes, T15 and M603X, is independent of such control. The expression of the M511 IdI is controlled by more than one gene, with at least one of the genes unlinked to either the Igh or the H-2 locus. Low responder mice, such as BALB/c, possesses the relevant genetic information coding for the H and L chains of the M511 Idi-positive antibodies, indicating that the expression of this idiotype is dependent on a specific regulatory mechanism.
Nonspecific inhibition of encephalomyocarditis virus replication by a type II interferon released from unstimulated cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-sensitized mice.
Authors: Pusateri A M , Ewalt L C , Lodmell D L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Unstimulated peritoneal cells (PC) from mice sensitized with nonviable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an oil-droplet emulsion inhibit encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) replication in mouse embryo fibroblast monolayers. Concentrations of mycobacteria ranging from 50 to 500 microgram elicit PC that inhibit EMCV replication greater than 99%. PC collected 2 to 6 weeks post-inoculation of mycobacteria are most effective (greater than 99% inhibition), although cells harvested from mice 7 through 10 weeks inhibit viral replication greater than 90%. Inhibition of replication is not detected unless PC are in contact with infected monolayers for a minimum of 8 to 10 hr; nonviable PC are not effective. Optimal inhibition occurs in cultures infected with a low multiplicity of EMCV that are incubated at 37 degrees C. Inhibition of replication is not due to pH changes or depletion of nutrients in cultures, adsorption and/or inactivation of EMCV by macrophages, or killing of monolayers by the PC. Inhibition of viral replication by the unstimulated PC appears to be due to an interferon that is similar but not identical to classical mouse Type II interferon.
The ninth component of human complement: purification and physicochemical characterization.
Authors: Biesecker G , Müller-Eberhard H J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A procedure for the isolation of the human complement (C) protein C9 is described. The procedure allowin. The purified protein has the electrophoretic mobility of an alpha-globulin, and is a single polypeptide chain with a m.w. of 71,000. No impurities were detected either on gel electrophoretic or immunochemical examination. C9 is a glycoprotein containing 7.8% carbohydrate, and in terms of residues per mole, 3.0 glucosamine, 17.6 neutral hexose, and 7.4 sialic acid. Its amino acid composition is typical of a globular serum protein. Upon automated Edman degradation of reduced and alkylated C9, no amino acid residues were released, suggesting a blocked N-terminus. The concentration of C9 in normal human serum is 58 +/- 8 microgram/ml. A high titer rabbit antiserum was produced and employed to immunochemically deplete serum of C9. The CH50 of the C9-depleted serum was identical to that of whole human serum; however, membrane fragments of erythrocytes lysed by C9-depleted serum lacked the typical ultrastructural C lesions, which constitute the dimeric membrane attack complex.
Binding of eosinophil peroxidase to mast cell granules with retention of peroxidatic activity.
Authors: Henderson W R , Jong E C , Klebanoff S J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and to a lesser degree neutrophil peroxidase (myeloperoxidase, MPO) bound tightly to mast cell granules (MCG), particularly when the latter were depleted of histamine by suspension in physiologic salt solutions. The bound EPO was localized on the surface of the granule, and its dissociation required salt concentrations of high enough ionic strength (greater than 0.75 M) to solubilize the MCG matrix. Elution of MPO from the complex occurred at a lower salt concentration. The MCG/EPO complex retained the capacity of the isolated EPO to catalyze the iodination reaction when supplemented with iodide, H2O2, and a protein acceptor and to kill microorganisms when supplemented with H2O2 and a halide (iodide, chloride). Indeed, the MCG/EPO complex had significantly greater iodinating and bactericidal activity than the free enzyme when standardized to equal guaiacol units of peroxidase activity. Thus, in areas of inflammation where mast cells and phagocytic leukocytes coexist, there is the potential for the formation of active complexes extracellularly between mast cell granules and molecules such as EPO (or MPO) that can affect the inflammatory response.
Regulation of macrophage populations. I. Preferential induction of Ia-rich peritoneal exudates by immunologic stimuli.
Authors: Beller D I , Kiely J M , Unanue E R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The amounts of Ia-positive and -negative macrophages were studied in peritoneal exudates of normal mice or of mice injected with various inflammatory materials, infected with Listeria monocytogenes, or injected with hemocyanin. Ia-negative macrophages predominated in exudates from normal mice or from mice given mineral oil, peptone, thioglycollate, culture media, or endotoxin. Infection with Listeria caused a very marked increase in Ia-positive macrophages. The induction of Ia-positive macrophages by Listeria inoculation resulted in great part from an immune process. The Ia-positive exudates were more readily generated in immune mice given a secondary challenge with heat-killed organisms. Furthermore, immune T cells transplanted together with heat-killed organisms into normal mice resulted in Ia-rich exudates. Injection of hemocyanin also induced Ia-rich exudates involving an immune process. We conclude that an immune reaction involving T cells regulates the Ia phenotype of the exudate macrophage population. The Ia-positive macrophages were Fc and C3 receptor positive and phagocytized latex particles.
TNP-coupled membranes stimulate T cell proliferation via the macrophage.
Authors: Heber-Katz E , Shevach E M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
TNP-coupled membranes derived from guinea pig m phi were capable of inducing both primary and secondary antigen-specific T cell proliferative responses; however, effective stimulation by hapten-coupled membranes required the presence of unmodified m phi. A genetic analysis demonstrated that the Ia antigens of the unmodified m phi rather than the Ia antigens borne on the TNP-coupled membranes determined the histocompatibility restrictions on m phi T cell interaction.