bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to recovery and its predictor among children 6 -59 months with Acute Malnutrition admitted to Community Inpatient Therapeutic feeding centers in Katsina State, Northwest Nigeria: A retrospective review of health records (2010-2016)
Authors: Friday Ilop Joseph , Falade Adewale , Earland Jane 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among children under five years of age remains a huge public health and economic burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated time to recovery and its predictor among children aged 6 to 59 months admitted into CMAM stabilisation centres for complicated severe acute malnutrition and whether the outcomes met the minimum Sphere standards.
Methods
The study was a retrospective cross sectional quantitative review of data recorded in six Community-based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) stabilization centres registers in four Local Government Areas, Katsina state, Nigeria from September 2010 to November 2016. Records of 6925 children, age 6–59 months with complicated SAM were reviewed. Descriptive analysis was used to compare performance indicators with Sphere project reference standards. Cox –proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the predictors of recovery rate at p < 0.05 and Kaplan Meier curve to predict the probability of surviving different forms of SAM.
Results
Marasmus was the most common form of severe acute malnutrition (86%). Overall, outcomes met the minimum sphere standard for inpatient management of SAM. Children with oedematous SAM (13.9%) had the lowest survival rate on Kaplan Meier graph. The mortality rate was significantly higher during the ‘lean season’ – May to August (Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) = 0.491, 95% CI = 0.288–0.838). MUAC at Exit (AHR = 0.521, 95% CI = 0.306–0.890), having marasmus (AHR = 2.144, 95% CI = 1.079–4.260), transfers from OTP (AHR = 1.105, 95% CI = 0.558–2.190) and change in weight (AHR = 0.239, 95% CI = 0.169–0.340) were found to be significant predictors of time-to-recovery with p values < 0.05.
Conclusion
The study showed that, despite a high turnover of complicated SAM cases in the stabilization centres, the community approach to inpatient management of acute malnutrition enabled early detection and reduced delays in access to care of complicated SAM cases. In the face of health workforce shortage in rural communities to provide pediatric specialist care for SAM children, we recommend task shifting to community health care work through in service training could bridge the gap and save more life of children dying from the complication of SAM in rural communities in Nigeria.
Multiple indicators of violence against female sex workers and its associated factors in Ghana: Evidence from the 2015 Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveillance Survey
Authors: Ayamah P , Atuahene KS , Annang DA , Nartey DT , Amuasi SA , Abrefa-Gyan T , Aheto Justice Moses K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims:Violence against female sex workers (FSWs) is a widespread phenomenon, especially in African nations like Ghana where sex work is outlawed primarily because of the pervasive worldview that sex work is a contravention of morality. Violence against FSWs deters them from accessing critical health services and heightens their risk of STIs including HIV infection. The study examined the prevalence and the associated factors of multiple indicators of violence against FSWs.
Methods: The study utilised a cross-sectional secondary data from the 2015 Integrated Bio-Behavioural Surveillance Survey (IBBSS) conducted among FSWs and their non-paying partners by Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC). We analysed data on a total of 4279 participants. Bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify factors associated with physical and sexual violence against FSWs. Data were analysed using Stata version 15.
Results: The prevalence of physical and sexual violence were 10% and 25% respectively. Physical violence was perpetrated mainly by first-time paying clients (51%) and regular paying clients (31%) with similar trend observed for sexual violence. The predictors of physical violence are being a seater (aOR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.36-0.74), aged ≥40 (aOR=0.23, 95%CI: 0.08-0.64), non-use of drugs (aOR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.44-0.70), and not using alcohol before sex (aOR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.56-0.86). Sexual violence was predicted by those aged age 31-40 (aOR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.49-0.94) and age≥40 (aOR=0.38, 95%CI: 0.22-0.66), currently married (aOR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.27-0.67), having no living children (aOR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.51-0.94), non-use of drugs (aOR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.68-0.94), and not using alcohol before sex (aOR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.63-0.86). Both physical and sexual violence had negative consequences on consistency of condom use and condom failure among FSWs.
Conclusion: Physical and sexual violence against FSWs is pervasive, and a critical public health issue in Ghana. The identified associated factors could be considered as part of an overall strategy aimed at addressing the menace.
Protocol of the RACB study: A multicenter, single-arm, prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of resection of initially unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab.
Authors: Okuno Masayuki , Ishii Takamichi , Ichida Akihiko , Soyama Akihiko , Takemura Nobuyuki , Hirono Seiko , Eguchi Susumu , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Sasaki Yasuharu , Uemura Kohei , Kokudo Norihiro , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Although the standard therapy for advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is systemic chemotherapy, the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab (atezo+bev) with a high objective response rate may lead to conversion to resection in patients with initially unresectable HCC. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of atezo+bev in achieving conversion surgery and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) for initially unresectable HCC.
Methods: The RACB study is a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of combination therapy withatezo+bev for conversion surgery in patients with technically and/or oncologically unresectable HCC. The main eligibility criteria are as follows: 1) unresectable HCC without a history of systemic chemotherapy, 2) at least one target lesion based on RECIST ver. 1.1, and 3) a Child‒Pugh score of 5-6. The definition of unresectable tumors in this study includes macroscopic vascular invasion and/or extrahepatic metastasis and massive distribution of intrahepatic tumors. Patients will be treated with atezolizumab (1200 mg/body weight) and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) every 3 weeks. If the patient is considered resectable on radiological assessment 12 weeks after initial chemotherapy, the patient will be treated with atezolizumab monotherapy 3 weeks after combination chemotherapy followed by surgery 3 weeks after atezolizumab monotherapy. If the patient is considered unresectable, the patient will continue with atezo+bev and undergo a radiological assessment every 9 weeks until resectable or until disease progression. The primary endpoint is PFS, and the secondary endpoints are the overall response rate, overall survival, resection rate, curative resection rate, on-protocol resection rate, and ICG retention rate at 15 minutes after atezo+bev therapy. The assessments of safety and quality of life during the treatment course will also be evaluated. The number of patients has been set at 50 based on the threshold and the expected PFS rate at 6 months after enrollment of 40% and 60%, respectively, with a one-sided alpha error of 0.05 and power of 0.80. The enrollment and follow-up periods will be 2 and 1.5 years, respectively.
Discussion: This study will elucidate the efficacy of conversion surgery with atezo+bev for initially unresectable HCC. In addition, theconversion rate, safety and quality of life during the treatment course will also be demonstrated.
Trial registration: This study is registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs051210148, January 7, 2022).
The effect of a cognitive-behavioral counseling approach on primipara mothers' maternal-fetal attachment
Authors: Amiri Parisa , Firouzabadi Ommolbanin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background:
Pregnancy and delivery are among the most sensitive periods of a woman's life, which is considered the most vital crisis in her life. A mother who is attached to her fetus during pregnancy is ready to establish a pleasant relationship with the newborn after childbirth, and prenatal cognitive-behavioral counseling can improve the emotional maternal-neonatal connection. This study aimed to investigate the effect of counseling with a cognitive-behavioral approach on maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) behaviors in primipara mothers.
Method:
In this quasi-experimental study with two test and control groups, 40 primipara women in 22-24 weeks of gestation participated in eight 90-minute weekly sessions as a group counseling session with a cognitive-behavioral approach. A demographic questionnaire and Cranley's maternal-fetal attachment scale (MFAS) were completed by the participants before the study, immediately after the intervention, and 4 weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software at the 95% confidence level (P ≤ 0.05).
Results:
The results of the research indicated that the highest average scores of the MFAS in the test and control groups belonged to the test group after 4 weeks of the intervention.
Conclusions:
The high average scores of the MFAS after 4 weeks of the intervention indicate the effectiveness and positive effect of cognitive-behavioral counseling on primipara mothers in improving and increasing MFA.
Blood profile, egg laying performance, egg external and internal qualities of guinea fowls raised in three different housing systems
Authors: IDOWU OLUBUKOLA PRECOIUS ADEPEJU , Amos Adedoyin Titi , Idowu Kemi Ruth , Kareem Damilola Uthman , Bamgbose Adeyemi Mustapha , Idowu Olusegun Mark , Sogunle Olajide Mark 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of different housing systems on the blood profile, egg production, egg external and internal characteristics of guinea fowl. Two hundred and thirty-four 24 week- old Helmeted guinea fowl pullets were used of which 78 were assigned to each housing system; cage, deep litter and deep litter with access to run. Each housing system had six replicate groups of 13 birds each. Data were collected on egg laying performance and characteristics. Blood sampling and analyses were carried out at the 16th week of the experiment. All data collected were subjected to analysis of variance in a Completely Randomized Experimental Layout. The result indicated that the average final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed per dozen egg and total egg were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced across the housing systems. Interestingly, egg weight, shell thickness and yolk colour were observed to be more in deep litter with free run housing system. Hens in the deep litter with free run had the highest (p < 0.05) total serum protein (4.27g/dl), albumin (2.57g/dl) and glucose (208.33mg/dl) values compared to other systems. White blood cell count was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in deep litter and deep litter with free run than cage system. It was concluded that hens in deep litter housing with free run had better growth and egg quality traits, suggesting that this housing type was more beneficial to guinea fowl under tropical conditions than cage and deep litter housing types.
The Ras small GTPase RSR1 regulates cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Li Ni , Qiu Zhouyuan , Cai Wanchuan , Shen Yaling , Chen Yumeng , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Lignocellulose is known to be the most abundant renewable resource in the world and has attracted widespread attention because of its ability to produce sugars from the hydrolysis of cellulases and hemicellulases secreted by filamentous fungi. Several studies have revealed that the Ras small GTPase superfamily regulate important cellular physiological processes, including synthesis of metabolites, sporulation, cell growth, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. However, how and to what extent Ras small GTPases are participated in cellulase production remain unknown.
Results: In this study, we found that the putative Ras small GTPase RSR1 repressed the expression of cellulases and xylanases. Knockout of rsr1 (∆rsr1) significantly increased cellulase production and decreased the expression levels of ACY1-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway genes and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. Loss of acy1 based on ∆rsr1 (∆rsr1∆acy1) could further increase the cellulase production and expression levels of cellulase genes, while overexpression of acy1 based on ∆rsr1 (∆rsr1-OEacy1) significantly reduced the cellulase production and transcriptional levels of cellulase genes. Our results revealed that RSR1 repressed cellulase production via ACY1-cAMP-PKA pathway. Transcriptome analysis revealed significantly increased expression of three G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs;tre62462, tre58767, tre53238) on rsr1 knockout and approximately two-fold higher expression of ACE3 and XYR1, which transcriptionally activated cellulases. ∆rsr1∆ tre62462 exhibited a decrease in enzyme activity compared to ∆rsr1, while ∆rsr1∆tre58767 and ∆rsr1∆tre53238 showed a remarkable improvement compared to ∆rsr1. We revealed that GPCRs on the membrane sense extracellular signals and transmit them to rsr1 and then to ACY1-cAMP-PKA, thereby repressing the expression of the cellulase activators ACE3 and XYR1. These data indicated the crucial role of Ras small GTPase in regulating cellulase gene expression.
Conclusions: Here, we demonstrate that some G-protein-coupled receptors and Ras small GTPases play a key role in signal transduction and cellulase gene regulation in T. reesei. Understanding the roles of these components in the regulation of cellulase gene transcription and understanding the signaling processes in T. reesei can lay the groundwork for understanding and transforming other filamentous fungi.
Phenomenological theory of the Stern-Gerlach experiment
Authors: Rashkovskiy Sergey 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We propose a phenomenological theory of spin behavior in a magnetic field, which explains from the point of view of classical physics the two-valued result of the Stern-Gerlach experiment. The behavior of the spin and intrinsic magnetic moment of an electron wave of an atom in an external magnetic field is considered. We show that in a weak magnetic field, the intrinsic magnetic moment of an electron wave is always oriented parallel to the magnetic field strength vector, while in a strong magnetic field, depending on the initial orientation of the intrinsic magnetic moment, two orientations are realized: either parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic field strength vector. Within the framework of classical electrodynamics, the calculation of the motion of an atomic beam in an inhomogeneous magnetic field is carried out, which reproduces the results of the Stern-Gerlach experiment.
Utility of urinary presepsin in the diagnosis of pyelonephritis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Yamashita Ryo , Izumi Yusuke , Nakada Koji , Hiramoto Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Presepsin is produced during the phagocytosis of bacteria by granulocytes. Presepsin increases at the site of infection; however, thesignificance of urinary presepsin in pyelonephritis is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate whether measuring urinary presepsin can distinguish between pyelonephritis and non-pyelonephritis.
Methods: Across-sectional study of patients with suspected pyelonephritis was conducted. Urinary presepsin at admission was compared between the pyelonephritis and non-pyelonephritis groups using the Mann–Whitney test. The predictive accuracy of urinary presepsin for diagnosing pyelonephritis was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysiscurve.
Results: A total of 35 eligible participants were included in the pyelonephritis group and 25 in the non-pyelonephritis group. The median urinary presepsin level was 2232.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 1029.0–3907.0) pg/mL in the pyelonephritis group and 1348.0 (IQR, 614.5–2304.8) pg/mL in the non-pyelonephritis group. Urinary presepsin concentrations were significantly higher in the pyelonephritis group than in the non-pyelonephritis group (P = 0.023). ROC analysis of urinary presepsin revealed a cutoff value of 3650 pg/mL to distinguish between the pyelonephritis and non-pyelonephritis groups. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio for the diagnosis of pyelonephritis were 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24–0.58), 0.96 (95% CI, 0.79–1.00), 0.93 (95% CI, 0.68–1.00), 0.52 (95% CI, 0.37–0.68), 9.60 (95% CI, 1.35–68.23), and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.47–0.83), respectively.
Conclusions: The measurement of urinary presepsin is useful in differentiating pyelonephritis from other diseases.
Identification and immunological characterization of cuproptosis-related molecular clusters in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Pu Yunfei , Meng Xianzhi* , Zou Zhichen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Ulcerative colitis is one of the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Cuproptosis is reported to be a novel mode of cell death.
Methods
We examined clusters of cuproptosis related genes and immune cell infiltration molecules in 86 ulcerative colitis samples from the GSE179285 dataset. We identified the differentially expressed genes according to the clustering method, and the performance of the SVM model, the random forest model, the generalized linear model, and the limit gradient enhancement model were compared, and then the optimal machine model was selected. To assess the accuracy of the learning predictions, the nomogram and the calibration curve and decision curve analyses showed that the subtypes of ulcerative colitis have been accurately predicted.
Results
Significant cuproptosis-related genes and immune response cells were detected between the ulcerative colitis and control groups. Two cuproptosis-associated molecular clusters were identified. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that different clusters exhibited significant heterogeneity. The immune scores for Cluster2 were elevated. Both the residual error and root mean square error of the random forest machine model had clinical significance. There was a clear correlation between the differentially expressed genes in cluster 2 and the response of immune cells. The nomogram and the calibration curve and decision curve analyses showed that the subtypes of ulcerative colitis had sufficient accuracy.
Conclusion
We examined the complex relationship between cuproptosis and ulcerative colitis in a systematic manner. To estimate the likelihood that each subtype of cuproptosis will occur in ulcerative colitis patients and their disease outcome, we developed a promising prediction model.
Evaluation of prolonged magnesium infusion after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Seago Kelsea , Goodner Joshua , Dillaman Megan , Wen Sijin , Veltri Lauren , Ross Kelly , Cumpston Aaron 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose Calcineurin inhibitor use after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is associated with significant magnesium wasting. Utilization of a prolonged magnesium infusion is thought to lead to a lower serum peak concentration and therefore, decreased renal wasting of magnesium. In November 2017, our institution implemented a modification to our inpatient electrolyte replacement protocol for allo-HCT recipients that extended the magnesium infusion rate from 4 g/2 h to 4 g/4 h based on this theoretical advantage.
The primary objective of this study was to compare the median magnesium requirements per day of admission between patients who received magnesium 4 g/2 h to patients who received magnesium 4 g/4 h. Secondary objectives included a comparison of the per-patient median serum magnesium concentration during admission, as well as the median incremental difference in serum magnesium concentration after intravenous replacement per patient per admission.
Methods: Allo-HCT recipients who received prolonged infusion magnesium infusions were compared to a historical cohort of allo-HCT patients who received shorter IV magnesium infusions. Admissions were included if the patient had received an allo-HCT within 100 days prior, was admitted to the Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit at WVU Medicine J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital and received at least one magnesium infusion and one dose of cyclosporine or tacrolimus. Admissions were excluded if the patient received oral magnesium, total parenteral nutrition, aminoglycosides, amphotericin, carboplatin, cisplatin, or foscarnet.
Results: The pre-implementation group consisted of 81 admissions (n=64 patients), while the post-implementation group consisted of 90 admissions (n=60 patients). Median magnesium requirements per day of admission were not different between groups at 1.4 grams of magnesium in the pre-implementation group and 1.9 grams of magnesium in the post-implementation group (P = 0.25). Median serum magnesium concentrations and median incremental difference in serum magnesium concentration after intravenous replacement were also not different between groups; 1.65 mg/dL vs 1.60 mg/dL (P = 0.65) and 0.30 mg/dL vs 0.28 mg/dL (P = 0.67), respectively.
Conclusions: Prolonged infusion of magnesium in allo-HCT recipients receiving CNI therapy does not result in improvement in magnesium retention.