bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory subpopulations in preBötzinger Complex play distinct roles in modulating inspiratory rhythm and pattern
Authors: Chang Zheng , Skach Jordan , Kam Kaiwen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractInhibitory neurons embedded within mammalian neural circuits shape breathing, walking, chewing, and other rhythmic motor behaviors. At the core of the neural circuit controlling breathing is the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), a nucleus in the ventrolateral medulla necessary for generation of inspiratory rhythm. In the preBötC, a recurrently connected network of glutamatergic Dbx1-derived (Dbx1+) neurons generates rhythmic inspiratory drive. Functionally and anatomically intercalated among preBötC Dbx1+neurons are GABAergic (GAD1/2+) and glycinergic (GlyT2+) neurons, whose roles in breathing remain unclear. To elucidate the inhibitory microcircuits within preBötC, we first characterized the spatial distribution of molecularly-defined preBötC inhibitory subpopulations in double reporter mice expressing either the red fluorescent protein tdTomato or EGFP in GlyT2+, GAD1+, or GAD2+neurons. We found that, in neonatal mice, the majority of preBötC inhibitory neurons expressed a combination of GlyT2 and GAD2 while a much smaller subpopulation also expressed GAD1. To determine the functional role of these subpopulations, we used holographic photostimulation, a patterned illumination technique with high spatiotemporal resolution, in rhythmically active medullary slices from neonatal Dbx1tdTomato;GlyT2EGFPand Dbx1tdTomato;GAD1EGFPdouble reporter mice. Stimulation of 4 or 8 preBötC GlyT2+neurons during endogenous rhythm prolonged the interburst interval in a phase-dependent manner and increased the latency to burst initiation when bursts were evoked by stimulation of Dbx1+neurons. In contrast, stimulation of 4 or 8 preBötC GAD1+neurons did not affect interburst interval or latency to burst initiation. Instead, photoactivation of GAD1+neurons during the inspiratory burst prolonged endogenous and evoked burst duration and decreased evoked burst amplitude. We conclude that the majority of preBötC inhibitory neurons express both GlyT2 and GAD2 and modulate breathing rhythm by delaying burst initiation while a smaller GAD1+subpopulation shapes inspiratory patterning by altering burst duration and amplitude.
Infant gut bacteriophage strain persistence during the first three years of life
Authors: Lou Yue Clare , Chen LinXing , Borges Adair L. , West-Roberts Jacob , Firek Brian A. , Morowitz Michael J. , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBacteriophages are key components of gut microbiomes, yet the phage colonization process in the infant gut remains uncertain. Here, we established a large phage sequence database and used strain-resolved analyses to investigate phage succession in infants throughout the first three years of life. Analysis of 819 fecal metagenomes collected from 28 full-term and 24 preterm infants and their mothers revealed that early-life phageome richness increased over time and reached adult-like complexity by age three. Approximately 9% of early phage colonizers, mostly maternally transmitted and infectingBacteroides, persisted for three years and were more prevalent in full-term than in preterm infants. Although rare, phages with stop codon reassignment were more likely to persist than non-recoded phages and generally displayed an increase in in-frame re-assigned stop codons over three years. Overall, maternal seeding, stop codon reassignment, host CRISPR-Cas locus prevalence, and diverse phage populations contribute to stable viral colonization.
Cathodic protection of carbon steel in thin layers of seawater
Authors: Génin Clément , Jeannin Marc , Grolleau Anne-Marie , Refait Philippe 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate cathodic protection (CP) efficiency in the tidal zone and its associated processes.

Design/methodology/approach
Specific features of CP in the tidal zone, that is, persistence of a thin seawater film and insufficient cathodic potential due to ohmic drop, were addressed. In this preliminary study, carbon steel electrodes were polarized at two cathodic potentials (correct or insufficient protection) while immersed in 1 mm or 5 mm thick natural seawater layers. After CP interruption, the protective ability of the layers covering the steel electrodes was studied using various electrochemical methods, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The layers were characterized by XRD.

Findings
The protective ability of calcareous deposits was increased in thin seawater films. Insufficient CP could promote protective aragonite/corrosion products layer.

Originality/value
The combined effects of thin seawater film and applied potential were never addressed, and the conclusions drawn from this preliminary study give new insight on the efficiency of CP in the tidal zone.
Predicting the effect of bra pad specifications on breast deformation during jumping using a finite element method
Authors: Liu Shiyuan , Sun Guangwu , Zuo Hongfen , Chen Xiaona , Shang Shanshan , Hu Hongyan 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to predict the effect of bra pad specifications on breast deformation during jumping using a finite element (FE) method. Breast deformation is a key concern for women during exercise and can be effectively controlled with sports bras. In most studies, the deformation of breasts when wearing a sports bra is measured using motion capture devices to judge their effectiveness. However, the operation of such devices is highly complex and time-consuming. Computer-aided technology is an efficient way to simulate these experiments.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the breast model was obtained using three-dimensional (3D) scanning. Assembling models were obtained for FE analysis using reverse engineering and computer-aided design (CAD) software. The breast deformation results were obtained by completing pre-processing, solving and post-processing in the FE simulation software. To extend the application of these models, pads of different sizes and thicknesses within the bra were constructed to simulate the effect of pads on breast deformation.FindingsThe calculated root mean square errors were <1%, which indicated good agreement between the FE and experimental data in all the models. Nipple deformation was always the largest in most models. The smallest deformation occurred at the superior position of breasts in all models. In addition, larger pads were not effective in reducing breast deformation; however, thicker pads were.Originality/valueThe method developed in this study provides an effective way to predict breast deformation in multiple positions and is convenient for designing compression bras.
Measuring female discrimination through language: a novel indicator and its effect on production efficiency in Italy
Authors: Agovino Massimiliano , Bevilacqua Michele , Cerciello Massimiliano 
Published: August 2023

PurposeWhile the economic literature mostly tackled discrimination looking at labour costs, this work focuses on its relation to labour productivity, arguing that discrimination may worsen the performance of female employees. In this view, it represents a source of allocative inefficiency, which contributes to reducing output.Design/methodology/approachFemale discrimination is both a social and an economic problem. In social terms, consolidated gender stereotypes impose constraints on women’s behaviour, worsening their overall well-being. In economic terms, women face generally worse labour market conditions. Using long-run Italian data spanning from 1861 to 2009, the authors propose a novel measure of female discrimination based on the observed frequency of discriminating epithets. Following social capital theory, the authors distinguish between structural and voluntary discrimination, and use Data Envelopment Analysis for time series data to assess the extent of inefficiency that each component of discrimination induces in the production process.FindingsThe results draw the trajectory of female discrimination in Italy and provide evidence in favour of the idea that female discrimination reduces productive efficiency. In particular, the structural component of female discrimination, although less sizeable than the voluntary component, plays a major role, especially in recent years, where more stringent beauty standards fuel looks-based discrimination.Originality/value The contribution of this work is twofold. First, based on contributions from social sciences different from economics, it proposes a novel theoretical framework that explores the effect of discriminatory language on labour productivity. Second, it introduces a novel and direct measure of female discrimination at the country level, based on the bidirectional link between language and culture. The indicator is easily understood by policymakers and may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-discrimination policies.
Governance, cooperation and coordination in large inter-organisational project networks: a viable system perspective
Authors: Tannir Mohamad , Mills Grant , Krystallis Ilias , Kalra Jas 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study aims to further the understanding of multi-level analysis in inter-organisational relationships by investigating the interplay of governance, cooperation and coordination in inter-organisational projects (IOPs) on sub-system and project levels.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the Viable Systems Model as a framework to analyse inter-organisational project governance, cooperation and coordination by adopting a multiple-case study.FindingsThe findings illustrate how governance and coordination mechanisms exhibit a filter-down effect on lower sub-systems while cooperation influence is confined within each sub-system. While remarking the importance of specific sub-systems on the overall project performance, the interplay of governance, cooperation and coordination across sub-systems appears to be complex, with governance influencing cooperation and coordination, whereas cooperation and coordination influence each other with an incremental effect.Originality/valueThis study defines two propositions that explain how multiple levels of analysis (project and sub-systems) can support the governance of large inter-organisational projects. The authors elaborate theory on the interplay of inter-organisational project governance, cooperation and coordination.
The relationship between visitors’ motivations and satisfaction about a Brazilian sacred complex
Authors: Brogni Jaqueline de Souza , Tricárico Luciano Torres , Limberger Pablo Flores , Fiuza Thamires Foletto 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between the motivation and satisfaction of visitors, both tourists and residents, of a sacred urban complex located in Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
This descriptive research uses quantitative and survey methods to collect the data. The sample of this study consists of 400 visitors, comprising tourists and residents who were in Vale das Graças, Santa Catarina, Brazil, between August and September 2019. Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were used to analyse the data.

Findings
The results of this study showed people who visit the site for reasons of religious belief, cultural pleasure and mental relaxation feel satisfied and emotionally touched by the religious atmosphere. It was also perceived that all dimensions of satisfaction significantly influenced the motivation to visit the Vale da Graça; that is, tourists and residents tend to feel more motivated to visit the Sacred Complex when they are satisfied with the contact with faith provoked by the visit.

Originality/value
This research provides theoretical and managerial contributions. Initially, this study contributes to research related to urban religious tourism and the perception of residents and tourists (visitors) in relation to a sacred complex. In general, this research on the subject investigated only the tourist's perspective. In addition, this study also brings management contributions for the destination administrators by understanding the behaviour of visitors to religious tourist sites located in the urban area of municipalities and giving their opinions on the satisfaction and motivation of aspects related to religious contact to visit such sites, thus helping in the management process of the attraction and surroundings.
Assessment of stakeholders' perspectives on infill buildings in the historical settings of an eastern India state – Odisha
Authors: Mohanty Rabi Narayan , Mohanta Ashaprava 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThe infill design approach for heritage settings is a challenging task, and it draws the attention of design professionals and residents. The extant literature has advocated for a contextual design approach for new buildings in heritage sites. However, the degree of contextualism for a new building in heritage sites is subjective, and it varies between exact replication and contrast scales. This study aims to evaluate an appropriate design approach for historic precincts of Odisha, an eastern state of India.Design/methodology/approachTwo prime eastern heritage sites (Puri and Ekamra Kshetra) are selected as cases in this study. This research methodology involves identifying key architectural elements from both sites and a questionnaire (prepared by design experts) based on interviewing 400 residents and 36 design professionals on their aesthetic preferences for the different architectural styles and elements. The questionnaire was prepared by the design experts based on the identified architectural styles and elements of both sites. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis are used to measure the significance of design approaches and elements.FindingsThis study's outcome confirms that most of the respondents (design professionals and residents) prefer the replication design approach with traditional architectural elements of Odisha. Also, documentation of the chronological development of architectural styles and elements of heritage sites of Odisha is done in this research.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has a few limitations: first, the land use characters (mixed, residential, commercial, etc.) of buildings in the heritage precinct are not considered in this research; second, this research has not included the financial aspect of infill design and last, the impact of respondents' socioeconomic factors on their aesthetic perceptions is not considered in this research.Practical implicationsThe development authorities can use the outcomes of this research to implement a design strategy for infill buildings in the historical sites of Odisha.Social implicationsThis research article has documented traditional architectural elements of two prime heritage sites of India.Originality/valueTo date, no quantitative research has been done on infill design approaches in any Indian heritage precincts. This is the first quantitative research on the perception of stakeholders and users on the infill design in historical settings of Eastern India. This research has identified key architectural styles, elements and materials of the heritage sites.
Online or offline environment for co-creating food products – final purchasers' preferences vs their readiness to cooperate with offerors
Authors: Baruk Agnieszka Izabela 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThe aim of the article is identifying the hierarchy of products that final purchasers are ready to co-create with offerors and defining the place that food products occupy in this hierarchy in the context of the preferred environment for cooperation.Design/methodology/approachStriving to fill the cognitive and research gap identified during the analysis of the world literature was the basis for the survey, which included 1,196 representatives of adult final purchasers in Poland. The primary data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the following methods: average grade analysis, comparative analysis, exploratory factor analysis and the Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test.FindingsThis study found that the respondents would like to co-create food products which ranked third among the analyzed groups of products with offerors. Most respondents preferred the parallel use of the online and offline environments as places of cooperation with offerors. Among the total of respondents and the respondents who preferred the internet as an environment for cooperation, a group of people willing to participate in the creation of food products was identified. In both cases, these groups were characterized by the fact that their members were not ready to co-create other groups of products at the same time. Food products were one of the two groups of products for which the preferred environment for cooperation turned out to be a statistically significant feature differentiating the responses regarding what products the respondents would like to co-create with offerors.Originality/valueThe scope and the approach proposed in this article testify to its originality. So far, the preferences of final purchasers regarding (1) product groups, including food, that they would like to co-create with offerors and (2) the environment for cooperation with offerors have not been studied. Ipso facto, the significance of this environment for preferences related to products that purchasers would be ready to co-create has not been investigated. Conclusions drawn on the basis of the results of the research constitute a valuable contribution to the theory of marketing and the theory of behavior, related especially to the joint creation of food products. The results are characterized by high application value, making it easier for offerors to take actions better suited to the preferences of active final purchasers.
A life cycle view on unicorn start-ups: drivers of long-term high-growth
Authors: Kabbara Diala , Hagen Birgit 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the exogenous and endogenous drivers of the high-growth of Unicorn start-ups along their life cycle, with a particular focus on Unicorns in the fintech industry.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs an explorative longitudinal analysis with a matched-pair of two cases of Unicorns start-ups with similar antecedent features to understand holistically drivers over the longer term.FindingsHigh-growth patterns over the longer term are the result of a combined industry- and company-life cycle perspective. Drivers and growth patterns vary significantly according to the time of entry in the industry and its development status. The findings are systematised within a set of propositions to be tested in future research.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations lie in empirical evidence, as the analysis is limited to one-matched-pair. The revealed Unicorns' drivers for long-term growth might encourage future research to further investigate these drivers on a larger scale.Practical implicationsThe study offers practical recommendations for start-ups with high-growth ambitions and advice to policy makers regarding the development of tailor-made support programs.Originality/valueThe study significantly extends extant work on growth and high-growth by examining endogenous and exogenous triggers over time and by linking the Unicorn-life cycle to the industry life cycle, an approach which has, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, not yet been applied.
Hands up for homework: exploring inter-sessional activities in coaching
Authors: Passmore Jonathan , Day Claudia , Wang Qing 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThe use of “homework”, activities outside of the classroom or session, is widely applied in a range of disciplines including teaching, therapy and training. The argument advanced by advocates is that it provides an opportunity to consolidate knowledge learnt in the classroom and develop mastery in an applied environment. However, the use of homework has not been widely discussed or researched within business coaching, which is a form of personal development. This exploratory study aims to examine whether homework, as a coaching intervention, may enhance the clients' learning experience.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from eight early career coaches and eight coaching clients. Not all clients were related to the coaches. Each client had experienced a minimum of three coaching sessions. Interviews were recorded and analysed using thematic analysis. The study explored the use of (1) client-led, (2) coach-led and (3) collaboratively developed homework during the engagements.FindingsThe findings indicated that homework is widely used and was perceived to have mixed effects. The positioning of the homework by the coach, including the terminology used to describe the activity, and the type of work can affect the level of engagement and thus the perceived value generated.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explore the nature of “homework” in coaching. More work is needed to better inform the use of “homework” in coaching practice, including the type of work and how this is agreed with different types of clients, for example, should homework be coach, collaborative or client led?
Patient experiences of continuous glucose monitoring and sensor‐augmented insulin pump therapy for diabetes: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Natale Patrizia , Chen Sharon , Chow Clara K. , Cheung Ngai Wah , Martinez‐Martin David , Caillaud Corinne , Scholes‐Robertson Nicole , Kelly Ayano , Craig Jonathan C. , Strippoli Giovanni , Jaure Allison 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsBlood glucose control is central to the management of diabetes, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves glycemic control. We aimed to describe the perspectives of people with diabetes using CGM.Materials and methodsWe performed a systematic review of qualitative studies.ResultsFifty‐four studies involving 1845 participants were included. Six themes were identified: gaining control and convenience (reducing pain and time, safeguarding against complications, achieving stricter glucose levels, and sharing responsibility with family); motivating self‐management (fostering ownership, and increasing awareness of glycemic control); providing reassurance and freedom (attaining peace of mind, and restoring social participation); developing confidence (encouraged by the endorsement of others, gaining operational skills, customizing settings for ease of use, and trust in the device); burdened with device complexities (bewildered by unfamiliar technology, reluctant to rely on algorithms, overwhelmed by data, frustrated with malfunctioning and inaccuracy, distressed by alerts, and bulkiness of machines interfering with lifestyle); and excluded by barriers to access (constrained by cost, lack of suppliers).ConclusionsCGM can improve self‐management and confidence in patients managing diabetes. However, the technical issues, uncertainty in readings, and cost may limit the uptake. Education and training from the health professionals may help to reduce the practical and psychological burden for better patient outcomes.