bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial race to colonise leaf litter in a littoral‐lake environment and its relation to nutrient dynamics
Authors: Madaschi Candela , Cuassolo Florencia , Diaz‐Villanueva Verónica 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLitter colonisation by fungi and bacteria is essential for decomposition. Although algae are not directly related to the decomposition process, in lentic environment, they usually colonise leaf litter rapidly and stimulate the activity of heterotrophs. We hypothesised that the timing of litter entering the water determines a rapid colonisation by algae, which affects fungal and bacterial colonisation, nutrient dynamics of leaf litter, and decomposition rates.We incubated two leaf litter species,Nothofagus antarcticaandPotentilla anserina, in the littoral zone of a lake under two conditions: submerged from the beginning (aquatic: AQ) and near the shoreline (initially terrestrial: T‐A). The T‐A treatment was flooded on day 44, so the decomposition process continued in aquatic conditions. We estimated two decomposition rates, one before day 42 (k42) and one for the whole incubation period (ka), algal and fungal biomass, bacterial abundance, and nutrient (P and N) content in leaf litter throughout the experiment.The timing of litter entering the water affected decomposition rates,k42andkawere faster in AQ than in T‐A conditions and only thekawas faster inP. anserinathan inN. antarctica.Microbial colonisation was also affected. Algal biomass was always higher in the AQ treatment, but bacterial abundance differed between treatments and changed through the decomposition process. Fungal biomass depended on both the treatment and the litter species. Bacterial–algal and fungal–algal relationships in AQ treatment were synergistic and independent of time, while, with terrestrial exposure, microbial relationships depended on the stage of the decomposition process.Nutrient dynamics depended on the treatment and the species, but both species tended to gain or maintain nutrient content throughout the experiment. Fungi were related to N:P changes through the decomposition process.Our results suggest that the conspicuous growth of an autotrophic biofilm on some litter (inP. anserina) might retard decomposition but at the same time stimulate heterotrophic colonisation. Therefore, the study of decomposition in the littoral zone of lakes must include the autotrophic component of biofilms that grow on detritus, since it alters organic matter consumption by decomposers and nutrient dynamics.
Validation of self‐reported articulatory oral motor skill against objectively measured repetitive articulatory rate in community‐dwelling older Japanese adults: The Otassha Study
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Shirobe Maki , Motokawa Keiko , Hayakawa Misato , Miura Kazuhito , Kalantar Lena , Edahiro Ayako , Kawai Hisashi , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Ihara Kazushige , Watanabe Yutaka , Obuchi Shuichi , Hirano Hirohiko 
Published: September 2023

AimTo assess the validity of self‐reported articulatory oral motor skill against objectively measured repetitive articulatory rate (oral diadochokinesis [oral‐DDK]) as a gold standard index for articulatory oral motor skill in community‐dwelling older Japanese adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 607 Japanese adults (mean age = 73.9 years). A single‐item self‐report questionnaire for articulatory oral motor skill was developed. Study participants completed a 1‐month‐interval test–retest protocol to assess reliability of the questionnaire, and the protocol was tested by the kappa statistic. Oral‐DDK with /ta/ (i.e., the number of repetitions of the monosyllable /ta/ per second) was measured during the on‐site examination. Low oral‐DDK performance was defined as <5.2 times/s in men and <5.4 times/s in women. Oral‐DDK performance, oral functions other than articulatory oral motor skill, and physical frailty were compared in the groups with and without self‐reported low articulatory oral motor skill as determined by the response to the questionnaire.ResultsSelf‐reported low articulatory oral motor skill was identified in 18.5% of the study population. The self‐report questionnaire had good test–retest reliability, with a kappa statistic of 0.71. Self‐reported low articulatory oral motor skill was significantly associated with a lower value of oral‐DDK with /ta/ and a higher proportion of low oral‐DDK performance, difficulties in chewing and swallowing, dry mouth, and physical frailty. Self‐report had high specificity (83.1%) but low sensitivity (42.1%) for detecting low oral‐DDK performance.ConclusionsA single‐item self‐report questionnaire for articulatory oral motor skill had acceptable test–retest reliability and was associated with objectively measured articulatory oral motor skill.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 729–735.
Medicine in the field: Growing connections between environmental and medical history
Authors: Heggie Vanessa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article argues that Environmental History and History of Medicine are disciplines that are natural allies and productive partners; successfully working across the sub‐disciplines will be essential to understanding current and future crises, including climate change and pandemics. While it is relatively easy to find acknowledged intersections between histories of science and/or technology and of the environment, so far these are less systematic and substantial in the history of medicine. Partly this is because there are points of serious methodological and theoretical tension, but I argue that these can function as moments of contact and provocation. Most obviously Environmental History poses challenges to historians of medicine in terms of the scale of our work in both its chronological and conceptual reach, and how we incorporate the non‐human, and even the non‐biotic as historical actors. History of Medicine offers approaches to help environmental historians negotiate their relationships with science, in particular the balance between science as a subject of study or as a source of data. Both disciplines share the struggle of combining focused, heavily contextualised local histories with the pressing need for globalised and ‘big picture’ historical explanations. In this review I will outline the main historiographical challenges to working across these subdisciplines—particularly in terms of scale and focus—and then consider the most productive intersections of these fields before making recommendations for future collaborative work.
Desigualdad e informalidad desde un nuevo prisma. El caso de América Latina
Authors: AMARANTE Verónica , ARIM Rodrigo 
Published: September 2023

ResumenMuchas economías en desarrollo comparten dos rasgos distintivos: altos niveles de desigualdad de ingresos y una considerable proporción de empleo informal. Sin embargo, no abunda la bibliografía sobre la relación entre ambas variables, sobre todo en el caso de América Latina. En este artículo se analizan diversos factores que pueden influir en el signo de la ambigua relación entre desigualdad e informalidad. Comprobamos empíricamente esta relación utilizando datos de panel de América Latina correspondientes al periodo 1990‐2018. En las condiciones específicas de la región, los resultados muestran una asociación positiva entre la formalización del mercado de trabajo y la igualdad de ingresos laborales.
Cochrane review abstracts are getting longer, but this has no large impact on the reporting quality
Authors: Helbach Jasmin , Wandscher Kathrin , Pieper Dawid , Hoffmann Falk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the reporting of abstracts of Cochrane Reviews according to PRISMA‐A and to investigate a possible association with the abstract´s length.MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational study based on all Cochrane Reviews indexed in Medline (via PubMed) until November 18, 2022. In the second part, a random sample of 440 abstracts was drawn, in which PRISMA‐A adherence was assessed by two independent reviewers. Analyses were stratified by the year of publication and the number of words.ResultsOverall, the median number of words of the 15,188 included abstracts was 469 (IQR 389–686 words), steadily increasing from 353 words in 2000 to 838 words in 2022, with less than one percent of the abstracts in 2022 having ≤ 300 words (in 2000: 30.7%). Analyses on PRISMA‐A adherence in the random sample showed a mean score of 6.1 out of 12 fully reported items. Stratified by year, PRISMA‐A adherence increased, with higher word counts in 2000–2010 and 2011–2015, while there was no difference in PRISMA‐A adherence by abstract length in 2016–2022.ConclusionOver the years, abstracts of Cochrane Reviews have become longer, running up to 1000 words. This conflicts with the Cochrane Handbook, which recommends a maximum length of 400 until it was aligned with MECIR in 2019, which has recommended a length of <700 words since 2012 but allows up to 1000 words. It is debatable whether such long abstracts meet the key goals of abstracts of being informative, accurate, appealing, and concise.
Guidelines for high‐flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in neonates (2022)
Authors: Huang Yi , Zhao Jing , Hua Xintian , Luo Keren , Shi Yuan , Lin Zhenlang , Tang Jun , Feng Zhichun , Mu Dezhi ,   Evidence‐Based Medicine Group, Neonatologist Society, Chinese Medical Doctor Association
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, which is important in noninvasive respiratory support, is increasingly being used in critically ill neonates with respiratory failure because it is comfortable, easy to setup, and has a low incidence of nasal trauma. The advantages, indications, and risks of HFNC have been the focus of research in recent years, resulting in the development of the application. Based on current evidence, we developed guidelines for HFNC in neonates using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). The guidelines were formulated after extensive consultations with neonatologists, respiratory therapists, nurse specialists, and evidence‐based medicine experts. We have proposed 24 recommendations for 9 key questions. The guidelines aim to be a source of evidence and reference of HFNC oxygen therapy in clinical practice, and so that more neonates and their families will benefit from HFNC.
Association Between Area‐Level Income Inequality and Health‐Related School Absenteeism: Evidence From the COMPASS Study
Authors: Hunter Stephen , Hilario Carla , Patte Karen A. , Leatherdale Scott T. , Pabayo Roman 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIncome inequality is theorized to impact health. However, evidence among adolescents is limited. This study examined the association between income inequality and health‐related school absenteeism (HRSA) in adolescents.METHODSParticipants were adolescents (n = 74,501) attending secondary schools (n = 136) that participated in the 2018‐2019 wave of the COMPASS study. Chronic (missing ≥3 days of school in the previous 4 weeks) and problematic (missing ≥11 days of school in the previous 4 weeks) HRSA was self‐reported. Income inequality was assessed via the Gini coefficient at the census division (CD) level. Multilevel modeling was used.RESULTSGreater income inequality was associated with a higher likelihood of chronic and problematic HRSA (chronic: OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.30; problematic: OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.50). Increased predicted probabilities for Problematic HRSA were observed at greater degrees of income inequality among students who identified as either white, black, Latinx, or mixed, while protective associations were observed among students who identified as Asian or other. No associations were modified by gender.CONCLUSIONIncome inequality demonstrated unfavorable associations with HRSA, which was modified by racial identity.
Tert‐butylhydroquinone attenuates LPS‐induced pyroptosis of IPEC‐J2 cells via downregulating HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB axis
Authors: Qiu Wenyue , Zhang Xinting , Pang Xiaoyue , Huang Jianjia , Zhou Shuilian , Wu Ruixia , Wang Rongmei , Tang Zhaoxin , Su Rongsheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInflammatory response induced by biological stress usually occurs in weaning piglets, it reduces the production performance of piglets and even causes death. Tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is a food additive that has the effect of anti‐inflammation and anti‐oxidation. However, there are few reports related to the protective mechanisms of TBHQ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced injury in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC‐J2) cells. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively, detected the mRNA levels and protein expressions related to pyroptosis, tight junction (TJ) protein and high‐mobility group box 1/toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa‐B (HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB) axis. Localisation and expression of NOD‐like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), HMGB1 and P‐NF‐κB proteins detected by immunofluorescence. The results showed that TBHQ (12.5 and 25 μM) can increase cell activity and reduce intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in a dose‐dependent manner. LPS significantly decreases cell viability and increases the LDH level. However, pretreatment with TBHQ evidently increases cell viability and decreases the LDH level of IPEC‐J2 cells. In addition, treatment with LPS decreased the mRNA level and protein expression of zonula occludens‐1, occludin and claudin‐1, and increased the mRNA level and protein expression of pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB axis. Interestingly, pretreatment with TBHQ increased the TJ protein expressions as well as decreased the mRNA level and protein expressions of pyroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB axis. Moreover, the results of immunofluorescence showed that TBHQ significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3, HMGB1 and P‐NF‐κB in LPS‐induced injury of IPEC‐J2 cells. Therefore, we come to the conclusion that TBHQ attenuates LPS‐induced pyroptosis in IPEC‐J2 cells through downregulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB axis, TBHQ may become a potential feed additive for preventing inflammatory diarrhoea in piglets.
The Attitude and Behavior of Japanese Managers Toward Male Employees Taking Long‐Term Parental Leave1,2
Authors: Ono Hiromi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPromoting male parental leave has become a concern for the Japanese government because of the large gender gap that exists in terms of availing parental leave. This study identified management attitudes and behaviors regarding long‐term male parental leave. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 private‐enterprise managers and supervisors whose male staff had taken at least 1 month of parental leave. The collected data were analyzed using a modified grounded theory approach, from which six groups, 19 categories, and 49 concepts were generated. It was found that (a) overcoming difficulties associated with long‐term male parental leave resulted in diverse management behaviors; (b) managers often felt that male employees were being unreasonable by taking parental leave; and (c) managers realize the need for male parental leave systems once they observe changes in employees after returning to work.
Discussion of the unique “eclogitic” clast reported from Northwest Africa 801 (CR2) and the possibility of ejection of foundered crust from deep in a molten Moon‐sized projectile
Authors: Scott Edward R. D. , Sanders Ian S. , Asphaug Erik , Tomlinson Emma L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA unique 2 mm‐wide clast of fine‐grained garnet–omphacite peridotite with chondritic chemistry was reported from the CR2 chondrite Northwest Africa 801 by Hiyagon et al. (2016, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 186, 32–48). Those authors described the clast as eclogitic and inferred from its mineral compositions that the rock formed quickly, during perhaps 100–1000 years of burial, deep within a Moon‐sized body at about 3 GPa (30 kbar) pressure and 1000°C. Such conditions are unprecedented among meteorites and invite scrutiny. Here, we discuss the clast and its origin. The inferred conditions appear justified, but the published idea of burial during a protoplanetary merger and, soon after, exhumation in a violent collision seems improbable and contrary to the clast's low shock levels. We find that exhumation is better explained by pull‐apart of a projectile in a low velocity hit‐and‐run collision. We try inconclusively to explain near‐simultaneous burial and exhumation in a hit‐and‐run return scenario. Taking a different approach, and to conclude, we speculate that an approximately lunar‐mass body was molten beneath a thin dense chondritic crust, of which fragments foundered and sank deep into the magma ocean as an ongoing process. Fragments that were changing to garnet–omphacite peridotite were exhumed when the molten body was pulled apart in a hit‐and‐run collision with a larger body.
The Influence of Compensatory Pelvic Tilt on Patient‐reported Outcome Measurements in FAI Patients Who Received Arthroscopic Treatment
Authors: You Mingke , Wang Weijia , Zhou Kai , Li Jian , Chen Gang 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivePelvic compensation is common in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) patients to reduce symptoms and increase range of motion. However, little attention was given to the postoperative clinical effect of pelvic compensation. Therefore, this study aims to compare the outcomes between pelvic compensation and normal pelvic position in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) patients after hip arthroscopy.MethodsThe retrospective study was conducted from January 2019 to June 2022, recruited consecutive patients who were diagnosed with FAI and received subsequent arthroscopic treatment. All patients completed an X‐ray in the anterior–posterior standing position before and 4 weeks after surgery. Patients with pelvic compensation were compared with those who did not. Functional outcomes included hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS), modified Harris (mHHS) score, and lower‐extremity activity scale (LEAS). Secondary outcomes included the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ‐5D) and patient satisfaction. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyze interobserver and intraobserver reliability.ResultsNinety patients with a mean age of 39.40 years were included in the study. No significant compensation changes were noted within groups after the elimination of impingement. The functional scores showed no significant difference between groups (p(HOOS) = 0.352, p(mHHS) = 0.183, p(LEAS) = 0.865). The EQ‐5D revealed statistically better performance in usual activities in the compensatory group (p = 0.044). There are no significant between‐group differences in patients' satisfaction evaluations.ConclusionAs assessed by Patient‐Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), patients with compensatory pelvic tilt demonstrated similar clinical outcomes without extra adverse events to patients with normal pelvic positioning in short‐term follow‐ups. Furthermore, compensatory pelvic tilt did not significantly enhance the range of motion or functional outcome at short‐term follow‐ups.
Functionally discrete fine roots differ in microbial assembly, microbial functional potential, and produced metabolites
Authors: King William L. , Yates Caylon F. , Cao Lily , O'Rourke‐Ibach Sean , Fleishman Suzanne M. , Richards Sarah C. , Centinari Michela , Hafner Benjamin D. , Goebel Marc , Bauerle Taryn , Kim Young‐Mo , Nicora Carrie D. , Anderton Christopher R. , Eissenstat David M. , Bell Terrence H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTraditionally, fine roots were grouped using arbitrary size categories, rarely capturing the heterogeneity in physiology, morphology and functionality among different fine root orders. Fine roots with different functional roles are rarely separated in microbiome‐focused studies and may result in confounding microbial signals and host‐filtering across different root microbiome compartments. Using a 26‐year‐old common garden, we sampled fine roots from four temperate tree species that varied in root morphology and sorted them into absorptive and transportive fine roots. The rhizoplane and rhizosphere were characterized using 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer region amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics for the rhizoplane to identify potential microbial functions. Fine roots were subject to metabolomics to spatially characterize resource availability. Both fungi and bacteria differed according to root functional type. We observed additional differences between the bacterial rhizoplane and rhizosphere compartments for absorptive but not transportive fine roots. Rhizoplane bacteria, as well as the root metabolome and potential microbial functions, differed between absorptive and transportive fine roots, but not the rhizosphere bacteria. Functional differences were driven by sugar transport, peptidases and urea transport. Our data highlights the importance of root function when examining root‐microbial relationships, emphasizing different host selective pressures imparted on different root microbiome compartments.
Evaluation of human skin response to solar‐simulated radiation in an ex vivo model: Effects and photoprotection of L‐Carnosine
Authors: Girardi Cristina , Benato Francesca , Massironi Marco , Vindigni Vincenzo , Stuhlmann Dominik , Massironi Michele 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSunlight, and more specifically the UV component, induces several skin damages, including sunburns, erythema and photoaging. The purpose of this work is to set up an ex vivo human skin model to assess the capacity of active principles in protecting skin from the deleterious effects of solar radiation. Ex vivo human skin biopsies were cultured in an air–liquid interface and exposed to solar‐simulated radiation (SSR, 300–750 nm). L‐Carnosine (0.2% and 2%) was applied topically to be tested as photoprotective compound. The effect on oxidative stress induction, photoaging and skin transcriptional profile was assessed by evaluating reactive oxygen species, advanced glycosylation end products formation and gene expression changes. In our model, SSR increases ROS production and AGE accumulation and affects the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, pigmentation, immunity, inflammation and photoaging. Among these pathways, 11 genes were selected as biomarkers to evaluate the skin solar radiation response. Results showed that L‐Carnosine provides effective prevention against solar radiation damages reducing ROS, AGEs and mitigating the modulation of the selected biomarker genes. In conclusion, we report that our ex vivo skin model is a valuable system to assess the consequences of solar light exposure and the capacity of topically applied L‐Carnosine to counteract them.