bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Compatibility of Y-site Pediatric Drug Administration: A Call for Question of US Pharmacopeia Standards?
Authors: Ross Emma L. , Petty Kirsten , Salinas Allison , Bremmer Jarrett , Her Cheng , Carpenter John F. 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the physical intravenous Y-site compatibility of 29 combinations of medications at commonly used pediatric concentrations using both existing and novel techniques.

METHODS
Medication combinations included were selected by a varied group of pediatric inpatient pharmacists, and then assessed by 3 independent reviewers for existing literature. For each combination, 2 different medications were mixed together in a 1:1 ratio and incubated at room temperature for 4 hours to simulate Y-site administration. Each sample was then analyzed using the US Pharmacopeia (USP) &lt;788&gt; recommended analytical technique of light obscuration (LO) in addition to novel flow imaging (FI) microscopy and backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI). Physical compatibility was determined using USP chapter &lt;788&gt; large volume particle count limits for all techniques.

RESULTS
A total of 29 different medication combinations were studied. Five combinations met criteria for compatibility by all 3 techniques. The remaining 24 combinations reached the threshold to be considered incompatible by at least 1 of the 3 techniques. Light obscuration, BMI, and FI identified 14%, 59%, and 76% of combinations as incompatible, respectively. All samples deemed incompatible by LO were also incompatible by at least 1 of the other 2 techniques. Flow imaging and BMI results agreed in 69% of samples tested.

CONCLUSIONS
Most combinations tested were found to be incompatible by at least 1 of the 3 instruments used. Light obscuration appears to have reduced accuracy for identifying particulate resulting in physical medication incompatibility when compared with the novel techniques of FI and BMI.
The contents of essential and toxic metals in coffee beans and soil in Dale Woreda, Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Berego Yohannes Seifu , Sota Solomon Sorsa , Ulsido Mihret , Beyene Embialle Mengistie 
Published: February 2023

Background
For developing countries such as Ethiopia, coffee is a commodity of great economic, social, and environmental importance. No detailed investigations have been performed on the contents of essential and toxic metals in coffee beans and soil in this study area.

Methods
The levels of essential metals (Na, K, Ca, Zn, Mn, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni) and toxic elements (Pb and Cd) were investigated in coffee beans (coffee growing farmland and coffee washed plants) and soil samples (from farmland) using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and flame emission atomic spectroscopy. We selected six (20%) administrative units (kebele) with purposive sampling techniques based on their coffee production capacity in Dale Woreda for soil testing. After coffee sample preparation in a microwave system with HNO3and H2O2 reagents, the accuracy of the optimized procedure was evaluated by analysing the digest of the spiked samples. Soil samples were abridged with a slight revision of the EPA 3050B acid digesting method. ANOVA was used to determine the significant differences in the mean concentration of metal within coffee beans from farmland at the various sampled sites at the p < 0.05 significance level. To correlate the effect of one metal concentration on other metals in the coffee bean samples, Pearson correlation matrices were used.

Results
Calcium had the highest concentration (1,355 ± 18.02 mg kg−1) of macroelements in soil samples, followed by K (681.43 ± 1.52 mg kg−1). Similarly, Na (111.63 ± 0.35 mg kg−1), Cu (49.96 ± 0.99 mg kg−1), Co (5.43 ± 0.31 mg kg−1), Mn (0.62 ± 0.238 mg kg−1), Ni (0.194 ± 0.01 mg kg−1), and Zn (0.163 ± 0.007 mg kg−1) were detected among the microelements in the soil samples. Pb and Cr were not detected in all soil samples. Potassium (K) was found to have the highest concentration (99.93 ± 0.037 mg kg−1), followed by Ca (17.23 ± 0.36 mg kg−1), among the macroelements in coffee beans from farmers’ farms. Similar to coffee beans from farmland, samples from washed plants also contained the highest K (77.93 ± 0.115 mg kg−1), followed by Ca (4.33 ± 0.035 mg kg−1). Metal levels in coffee bean samples from farmland are in the following order: K>Na>Ca >Mn>Cu> Ni>Zn. Metal levels were found to be K>Na>Ca >Mn>Cu> Zn>Ni in coffee beans from the washed plants. Co, Cr, Pb and Cd were no detected in all coffee bean samples. Except for calcium, potassium and manganese, the levels of metals in coffee beans from farmland and washed plants were not significantly different at the 95% confidence level within a kebele.

Conclusions
We observed permitted levels of macro- and trace elements in coffee beans from farmlands and washed plants. Only in the soil samples are cadmium concentrations higher than those permitted for agricultural soil recommended by the WHO and FAO. Overall, there is no health danger linked with the use of coffee beans due to detrimental and trace heavy metals.
Bamboo for Beverage Containers of Legen and Tuak as a Reflection of Local Wisdom of Tuban Society
Authors: Natadjaja Listia , Yuwono Elisabeth Christine 
Published: February 2023

Legen and tuak beverage container made of bamboo has different names and functions namely bethek, centhak and ongkek. This study aims to see how people use bamboo as part of local wisdom in the form of legen and tuak container. The society gaining knowledge from living with the nature finds that the functions of a bamboo are being thermal insulation, being a not-easily-broken container, maintaining flavor and aroma, and making the content in it more durable. Apparently, the sustainability of this natural-made packaging is not only due to its function which is tangible but also related to the socio-cultural of the local community especially how they produce, consume and distribute legen and tuak. In practice, local wisdom of bamboo as legen and tuak beverage containers continuously gives attention to the balance of nature that does not destroy or force the nature to produce more than its capacity, it is inherited from generation to generation, and it is correlated to the culture. It contains the philosophy of self-controlled and sharing.
In Situ Design of High‐Performance Dual‐Phase GeSe Thermoelectrics by Tailoring Chemical Bonds
Authors: Hu Lipeng , Duan Bingcai , Lyu Tu , Lin Nan , Zhang Chaohua , Liu Fusheng , Li Junqin , Wuttig Matthias , Yu Yuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComposite engineering favors high thermoelectric performance by tuning the carrier and phonon transport. Herein, orthorhombic and rhombohedral dual‐phase GeSe are designed in situ by tailoring chemical bonds. Atom probe tomography verifies the coexistence of a covalently bonded orthorhombic phase and a metavalently bonded rhombohedral phase in GeSe‐InTe alloys. The production of the rhombohedral phase simultaneously increases the carrier concentration, the carrier mobility, the band degeneracy, and the density‐of‐states effective mass due to the reduced formation energy of cation vacancies and the improved crystal symmetry. These attributes are beneficial to a high‐power factor. In addition, the thermal conductivity can be significantly reduced due to the intrinsically strong lattice anharmonicity of the metavalently bonded phase, the interfacial acoustic phonon mismatch across different bonding mechanisms, and the phonon scattering at vacancy‐solute clusters. Moreover, the metavalently bonded phase embraces higher solubility of dopants that enables the further optimization of properties by Cd‐Ag doping, resulting in a zT of 0.95 at 773 K as well as enhanced strength and ductility in dual‐phase Ge0.94Cd0.03Ag0.03Se(InTe)0.15. This work indicates that in situ design of dual‐phase composites by tailoring chemical bonds is an effective method for enhancing the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of GeSe and other p‐bonded chalcogenides.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Sense the Toughness of Nanomaterials and Interfaces
Authors: Peng Lihui , Matellan Carlos , Bosch‐Fortea Minerva , Gonzalez‐Molina Jordi , Frigerio Matteo , Salentinig Stefan , del Rio Hernandez Armando , Gautrot Julien E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStem cells are known to sense and respond to the mechanical properties of biomaterials. In turn, cells exert forces on their environment that can lead to striking changes in shape, size and contraction of associated tissues, and may result in mechanical disruption and functional failure. However, no study has so far correlated stem cell phenotype and biomaterials toughness. Indeed, disentangling toughness‐mediated cell response from other mechanosensing processes has remained elusive as it is particularly challenging to uncouple Youngs' or shear moduli from toughness, within a range relevant to cell‐generated forces. In this report, it is shown how the design of the macromolecular architecture of polymer nanosheets regulates interfacial toughness, independently of interfacial shear storage modulus, and how this controls the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells at liquid interfaces. The viscoelasticity and toughness of poly(l‐lysine) nanosheets assembled at liquid‐liquid interfaces is characterised via interfacial shear rheology. The local (microscale) mechanics of nanosheets are characterised via magnetic tweezer‐assisted interfacial microrheology and the thickness of these assemblies is determined from in situ ellipsometry. Finally, the response of mesenchymal stem cells to adhesion and culture at corresponding interfaces is investigated via immunostaining and confocal microscopy.
pH‐Triggered Release and Degradation Mechanism of Layered Double Hydroxides with High Loading Capacity
Authors: Li Lei , Warszawik Eliza , van Rijn Patrick 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe loading capacity and strategy of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) determine their suitability for drug delivery applications. In this study, two sizes of MgAl‐CO3 LDHs are converted into MgAl‐NO3 LDHs and MgAl‐Cl LDHs by an acid‐salt method. The influence of the size and type of interlayer anions of LDHs on their loading capacity are studied and compared. Here, Methylene Orange (MO) served as the anionic structure to determine the loading capacity. Due to the strongest anion‐exchange capacity of NO3− and larger interlayer distance of MgAl‐NO3 LDHs, they have impressive high loading capacities, which make these useful as absorbents or drug carriers. Additionally, the pH‐dependent release behaviors of MO‐loaded MgAl‐NO3 LDHs are investigated, which dictates both the release profile and maximum release. Above all, based on the study, it is found that the release of LDHs with agents loaded under mildly acidic environments is not based on its partial dissolution, which is commonly indicated. This study provides a better understanding of the loading and release process of LDHs, which allows for better incorporation of LDHs in biomedical‐related applications.
Deep Ultraviolet Photodetector with Ultrahigh Responsivity based on a Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene‐Modified Polypyrrole/SnO2 Organic/Inorganic p–n Heterojunction
Authors: Fu Shihao , Song Renjing , Wang YueFei , Han Yurui , Gao Chong , Ma Jiangang , Xu Haiyang , Li Bingsheng , Shen Aidong , Liu Yichun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDeep ultraviolet monitoring is realized via a high crystal quality SnO2 microwire (MW)‐based photodetector (PD). This is then combined with 2D nitrogen‐doped graphene (NGr), conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy), and an in situ polymerization‐fabricated composite film PPy‐NGr to construct an organic–inorganic p–n heterojunction PD. The long response time brought on by the oxygen adsorption of SnO2 MW is greatly decreased via coating with the aforementioned materials. A defect response is created by the surface dangling bonds of SnO2 MW, which can be effectively suppressed by the PPy. Absorption in the deep ultraviolet region (<240 nm) by PPy results in a blue shift of the response peak of the PPy/SnO2 heterojunction PD compared to that of a single SnO2 PD. The introduction of NGr improves the detection performance by providing a smoother energy band migration to reduce photogenerated carrier recombination and stacking at the potential barrier. The ultrahigh responsivity of PPy‐NGr/SnO2 PD is 4594.25 A W−1 and the detectivity is 6.47 × 1011 Jones, 40 and nine times greater, respectively, than those of a PPy/SnO2 PD under a 5 V reverse bias and 240‐nm light irradiation (18.75 µW cm−2). The novel strategy provides a reference for the future design of high‐performance heterojunction PDs.
Broiler litter application rate and time impacts on corn ear mineral composition
Authors: Singh Rajveer , Prasad Rishi , Balkcom Kipling , Lamba Jasmeet , Watts Dexter B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe nutrient composition of a corn (Zea MaysL.) ear impacts its nutritional value and potential use as human food and animal feed. Whether the application of broiler litter (BL) can enrich corn ears with supplied mineral elements compared to conventional fertilizers is not well studied. A 2‐year study investigated the mineral composition of corn ears as affected by nutrient source (BL or urea), application rate (0, 168, and 336 kg total N ha−1), and application time (single or split) at three locations in Alabama, USA. Corn ear samples were collected at physiological maturity each year and analyzed for the total nutrient contents of 11 mineral elements. Regardless of application rate and application time, BL did not increase any elemental concentrations in the corn ear. Corn fertilized with urea had the highest corn ear concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) across all locations. Corn ear N concentration depended on the soil's level of plant‐available N (PAN). Corn ear concentrations of P, K, and other mineral elements were not dependent on their soil levels but the corn ear N concentration. Thus, growing corn with an adequate supply of PAN in soil, irrespective of the source ensures maximum accumulation of corn ear N and other mineral elements.
Ultra‐fast One‐Handed Helix Induction and Its Static Helicity Memory in a Poly(biphenylylacetylene) with a Catalytic Amount of Chiral Ammonium Salts
Authors: Fukuda Mayu , Morikawa Mai , Hirose Daisuke , Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Nishimura Tatsuya , Yashima Eiji , Maeda Katsuhiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report an ultra‐fast helix induction and subsequent static helicity memory in poly(biphenylylacetylene) (PBPA‐A) assisted by a catalytic amount of nonracemic ammonium salts comprised of non‐coordinating tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (BArF−) as a counter anion. The remarkable acceleration of the helix‐induction rate in PBPA‐A accompanied by the significant amplification of the asymmetry relies on the two methoxymethoxy groups of the biphenyl pendants, which can gain access to enfold the chiral ammoniums in a crown‐ether manner in specific aromatic solvents, leading to ultra‐fast helicity induction, which is completed within 30 s. In aromatic solvents, helicity memory is lost rapidly, but is quite stable in long‐chain hydrocarbons. The best use of specific solvents for helicity induction and static helicity memory, respectively, provides a highly sensitive chirality sensing system toward a small amount of chiral amines and amino acids when complexed with BArF−.
Antibacterial Nanomaterials: Mechanisms, Impacts on Antimicrobial Resistance and Design Principles
Authors: Xie Maomao , Gao Meng , Yun Yang , Malmsten Martin , Rotello Vincent M. , Zboril Radek , Akhavan Omid , Kraskouski Aliaksandr , Amalraj John , Cai Xiaoming , Lu Jianmei , Zheng Huizhen , Li Ruibin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to the environment and health. AMR rapidly invalidates conventional antibiotics, and antimicrobial nanomaterials have been increasingly explored as alternatives. Interestingly, several antimicrobial nanomaterials show AMR‐independent antimicrobial effects without detectable new resistance and have therefore been suggested to prevent AMR evolution. In contrast, some are found to trigger the evolution of AMR. Given these seemingly conflicting findings, a timely discussion of the two faces of antimicrobial nanomaterials is urgently needed. This review systematically compares the killing mechanisms and structure‐activity relationships of antibiotics and antimicrobial nanomaterials. We then focus on nano‐microbe interactions to elucidate the impacts of molecular initiating events on AMR evolution. Finally, we provide an outlook on future antimicrobial nanomaterials and propose design principles for the prevention of AMR evolution.
ATP‐Independent and Cell‐Free Biosynthesis of β‐Hydroxy Acids Using Vinyl Esters as Smart Substrates
Authors: Orrego Alejandro H. , Rubanu Maria Grazia , López Idania L. , Andrés‐Sanz Daniel , García‐Marquina Guillermo , Pieslinger German E. , Salassa Luca , López‐Gallego Fernando 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn vitro biosynthetic pathways that condense and reduce molecules through coenzyme A (CoASH) activation demand energy and redox power in the form of ATP and NAD(P)H, respectively. These coenzymes must be orthogonally recycled by ancillary reactions that consume chemicals, electricity, or light, impacting the atom economy and/or the energy consumption of the biosystem. In this work, we have exploited vinyl esters as dual acyl and electron donor substrates to synthesize β‐hydroxy acids through a non‐decarboxylating Claisen condensation, reduction and hydrolysis stepwise cascade, including a NADH recycling step, catalyzed by a total of 4 enzymes. Herein, the chemical energy to activate the acyl group with CoASH and the redox power for the reduction are embedded into the vinyl esters. Upon optimization, this self‐sustaining cascade reached a titer of (S)‐3‐hydroxy butyrate of 24 mM without requiring ATP and simultaneously recycling CoASH and NADH. This work illustrates the potential of in vitro biocatalysis to transform simple molecules into multi‐functional ones.
Chemical Enhancement and Quenching in Single‐Molecule Tip‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Ben , Chen Gong , Ghafoor Atif , Zhang Yu‐Fan , Zhang Xian‐Biao , Li Hang , Dong Xiao‐Ru , Wang Rui‐Pu , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yao , Dong Zhen‐Chao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDespite intensive research in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), the influence mechanism of chemical effects on Raman signals remains elusive. Here, we investigate such chemical effects through tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) of a single planar ZnPc molecule with varying but controlled contact environments. TERS signals are found dramatically enhanced upon making a tip–molecule point contact. A combined physico‐chemical mechanism is proposed to explain such an enhancement via the generation of a ground‐state charge‐transfer induced vertical Raman polarizability that is further enhanced by the strong vertical plasmonic field in the nanocavity. In contrast, TERS signals from ZnPc chemisorbed flatly on substrates are found strongly quenched, which is rationalized by the Raman polarizability screening effect induced by interfacial dynamic charge transfer. Our results provide deep insights into the understanding of the chemical effects in TERS/SERS enhancement and quenching.
Spiroborate‐Based Host Materials with High Triplet Energies and Ambipolar Charge‐Transport Properties
Authors: Hayakawa Masahiro , Kameda Mayu , Kawasumi Ryosuke , Nakatsuka Soichiro , Yasuda Nobuhiro , Hatakeyama Takuji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) receive considerable attention because of their commercial use in flat panel displays. Herein, highly efficient spiroborate‐based host materials are reported for use in blue OLEDs. Our designed spiroborates (SBOX) were simple to synthesize and exhibited high triplet excitation energies, narrow S‐T gaps, and balanced charge carrier mobilities. A blue OLED containing one of the designed spiroborates, SBON, as a host exhibited a high external quantum efficiency (27.6 %) and low turn‐on voltage (3.7 V) compared to those observed using 3,3′‐di(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (17.6 % and 4.5 V, respectively), indicating their potential as host materials in OLEDs.
Pore‐Environment‐Dependent Photoresponsive Oxidase‐Like Activity in Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks
Authors: Tong Linjing , Lin Yuhong , Kou Xiaoxue , Shen Yujian , Shen Yong , Huang Siming , Zhu Fang , Chen Guosheng , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMimicking the bioactivity of native enzymes through synthetic chemistry is an efficient means to advance the biocatalysts in a cell‐free environment, however, remains long‐standing challenges. Herein, we utilize structurally explicit hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) to mimic photo‐responsive oxidase, and uncover the important role of pore environments on mediating oxidase‐like activity by means of constructing isostructural HOFs. We discover that the HOF pore with suitable geometry can stabilize and spatially organize the catalytic substrate into a favorable catalytic route, as with the function of the native enzyme pocket. Based on the desirable photo‐responsive oxidase‐like activity, a visual and sensitive HOFs biosensor is established for the detection of phosphatase, an important biomarker of skeletal and hepatobiliary diseases. This work demonstrates that the pore environments significantly influence the nanozymes’ activity in addition to the active center.
Functional Roles of Polymers in Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Materials: Modulation of Intersystem Crossing, Air Sensitivity and Biological Activity
Authors: Su Hao , Hu Kan , Huang Wenhuan , Wang Tao , Zhang Xiaolong , Chen Biao , Miao Hui , Zhang Xuepeng , Zhang Guoqing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOrganic room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials routinely incorporate polymeric components, which usually act as non‐functional or “inert” media to protect excited‐state phosphors from thermal and collisional quenching, but are lesser explored for other influences. Here, we report some exemplary “active roles” of polymer matrices played in organic RTP materials, including: 1) color modulation of total delayed emissions via balancing the population ratio between thermally‐activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and RTP due to dielectric‐dependent intersystem crossing; 2) altered air sensitivity of RTP materials by generating various surface morphologies such as nano‐sized granules; 3) enhanced bacterial elimination for enhanced electrostatic interactions with negatively charged bio‐membranes. These active roles demonstrated that the vast library of polymeric structures and functionalities can be married to organic phosphors to broaden new application horizons for RTP materials.